bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium Catalysts Supported on Mesoporous Molecular Sieves Bearing Nitrogen Donor Groups: Preparation and Use in Heck and Suzuki CC Bond‐Forming Reactions
Authors: Demel Jan , Lamač Martin , Čejka Jiří , Štěpnička Petr 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBest pals: Catalysts prepared from palladium(II) acetate and SBA‐15‐type mesoporous molecular sieves bearing SiCH2CH2CH2NHCH2CH2NEt2groups at the surface efficiently catalyze the Suzuki and Heck reactions. In the former reaction, the highly metalated catalysts prove to be more efficient while the influence of the metal loading in the latter is more complex: A catalyst with a very low metal loading is particularly attractive, being highly active, recyclable, and applicable as a bifunctional catalyst.magnified imageA series of supported catalysts is prepared by treatment of SBA‐15‐type mesoporous molecular sieve bearing SiCH2CH2CH2NHCH2CH2NEt2groups with palladium(II) acetate. These catalysts are studied in Suzuki biaryl couplings and in Heck reactions to establish the influence of metal loading and innocent surface modifications (trimethylsilylation). The Suzuki reaction proceeded efficiently with model and practically relevant substrates; the catalyst performance increasing with an increasing degree of metalation (decreasing N/Pd ratio). Catalyst poisoning tests revealed that the reaction takes place in the liquid phase with the catalyst serving as a reservoir of active metal species and also as a stabilizing support once the reaction is performed. In the Heck reactions, on the other hand, the catalyst performance strongly changed with the reaction temperature and with the N/Pd ratio. The material with the lowest metal loading (0.01 mmol palladium per gram of material, N/Pd ratio ca. 100:1) proved particularly attractive in the Heck coupling, being highly active at elevated temperatures, recyclable, and capable of acting as a bifunctional catalyst (i.e., functioning without any external base.
Deploying a voice capture sensor network system for a secure ubiquitous home environment
Authors: Palafox Luis E. , García‐Macías J. Antonio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper we present a novel voice capture sensor network architecture proposal, we detail the implementation procedure that we followed to build a working prototype. The prototype is oriented toward a secure ubiquitous home environment but can be extended to other similar scenarios. Our approach is based on reducing data redundancy while maintaining node redundancy for reliability and providing at the same time basic security services without sacrificing a considerable amount of resources. We further show that our approach is energy‐efficient compared with the capture–send approach used traditionally. More importantly, through our experiences in the real‐world deployment of the system we also provide a roadmap for the development of efficient voice‐based smart home applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesendodermal signals required for otic induction: Bmp‐antagonists cooperate with Fgf and can facilitate formation of ectopic otic tissue
Authors: Kwon Hye‐Joo , Riley Bruce B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractInduction of otic placodes requires Fgf from surrounding tissues. We tested the hypothesis that mesendodermally derived Bmp‐antagonists Chordin, Follistatin‐a, and Crossveinless‐2 cooperate in this process. Injecting morpholinos for all three genes, or treatment with the Nodal inhibitor SB431542 to block mesoderm‐formation, reduces otic induction and strongly enhances the effects of disrupting fgf3 or fgf8. In contrast, using a lower dose of SB431542, combined with partial loss of Fgf, causes a dramatic medial expansion of otic tissue and formation of a single, large otic vesicle spanning the width of the hindbrain. Under these conditions, paraxial cephalic mesoderm forms ectopically at the midline, migrates into the head, and later transfates to form otic tissue beneath the hindbrain. Blocking expression of Bmp‐antagonists blocks formation of medial otic tissue. These data show the importance of mesendodermal Bmp‐antagonists for otic induction and that paraxial cephalic mesendoderm can facilitate its own otic differentiation under certain circumstances. Developmental Dynamics 238:1582–1594, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of muscular strain in the embryonic heart wall
Authors: Damon Brooke J. , Rémond Mathieu C. , Bigelow Michael R. , Trusk Thomas C. , Xie Wenjie , Perucchio Renato , Sedmera David , Denslow Stewart , Thompson Robert P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe hypothesis that inner layers of contracting muscular tubes undergo greater strain than concentric outer layers was tested by numerical modeling and by confocal microscopy of strain within the wall of the early chick heart. We modeled the looped heart as a thin muscular shell surrounding an inner layer of sponge‐like trabeculae by two methods: calculation within a two‐dimensional three‐variable lumped model and simulated expansion of a three‐dimensional, four‐layer mesh of finite elements. Analysis of both models, and correlative microscopy of chamber dimensions, sarcomere spacing, and membrane leaks, indicate a gradient of strain decreasing across the wall from highest strain along inner layers. Prediction of wall thickening during expansion was confirmed by ultrasonography of beating hearts. Degree of stretch determined by radial position may thus contribute to observed patterns of regional myocardial conditioning and slowed proliferation, as well as to the morphogenesis of ventricular trabeculae and conduction fascicles. Developmental Dynamics 238:1535–1546, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FuRMAS: triggering myoblast fusion in Drosophila
Authors: Önel Susanne‐Filiz , Renkawitz‐Pohl Renate 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn Drosophila, as in mammals, myoblast fusion is fundamental for development. This fusion process has two distinct phases that share common ultrastructural features and at least some molecular players between Drosophila and vertebrates. Here, we integrate the latest data on the key molecular players and ultrastructural features found during myoblast fusion into a new working model to explain this fundamental cellular process. At cell–cell contact sites, a protein complex (FuRMAS) serves as a signalling centre and might restrict the area of membrane fusion. The FuRMAS consists of a ring of cell adhesion molecules, signalling proteins, and F‐actin. Regulated F‐actin branching plays a pivotal role in myoblast fusion with regard to vesicle transport, fusion pore formation, and expansion as well as the integration of the fusion‐competent myoblast into the growing myotube. Interestingly, local F‐actin accumulation is a typical feature of other transient adhesive structures such as the immunological synapse, podosomes, and invadopodia. Developmental Dynamics 238:1513–1525, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activator‐Controlled High Temperature In‐Situ Ligand Synthesis for the Formation of Rare Earth Thiolate Amide Coordination Polymers
Authors: Zurawski Alexander , Wirnhier Eva , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus 
Published: May 2009

Abstract1D rare earth thiolate amide coordination polymers can be obtained by an activator‐controlled in situ ligand synthesis in reactions of molten 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole with lanthanide metals. Catalytic amounts of mercury activate the metals and induce a C–S bond cleavage that in situ forms 2,2′‐bibenzimidazole. The latter then reacts as a linker ligand to give 1∞[Ln2(Mbim)4(Bbim)], Mbim– = C7H5SN2–, Bbim2–, C14N4H82–. In addition cinnabar is formed. Stoichiometric amounts of mercury cause the complete transformation of 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole to 2,2′‐bibenzimidazole. Instead of thiolate coordination polymers the reaction then yields sulfur‐free monomeric bibenzimidazolate complexes (BimH2)+[Ln(BbimH)4]–, (BimH2)+ = C7H6N2+, BbimH– = C14N4H9–. Thus the amount of Hg also controls the dimensionality of the products by defining the reaction path.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Transannular Ring Closure of a 1,8‐Diazacyclotetradeca‐3,5,10,12‐tetrayne to a Tricyclic System with a Central Cyclooctatetraene Ring
Authors: Gleiter Rolf , Hövermann Kirstin , Esser Birgit , Bandyopadhyay Arkasish 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe addition of two equivalents of hydrochloric acid to N,N′‐diisopropyl‐1,8‐diazacyclotetradeca‐3,5,10,12‐tetrayne (13) afforded a tricyclic scaffold in which a central dichloro‐substituted cyclooctatetraene ring is annelated by two N‐isopropyl‐2,5‐dihydropyrrole rings (14). Three other minor products were congeners of 14 in which one (15, 16) or both (17) of the 2,5‐dihydropyrrole rings are oxidized. In 16 the chlorine atoms adopt different positions.The assignment of the structures of 14–17 is based on the result of an X‐ray investigation on single crystals of 16 and NMR studies. The structural assignments of 14 and 15 were corroborated by labeling experiments with DCl. The regiochemistry in the addition of the second equivalent of hydrochloric acid to 13 was illuminated by DFT calculations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Microwave‐Assisted Conversion of 4‐Nitrophenyl Esters into O‐Protected Hydroxamic Acids
Authors: Kurz Thomas , Pein Miriam K. , Marek Linda , Behrendt Christoph T. , Spanier Lukas , Kuna Krystina , Brücher Karin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe microwave‐assisted synthesis of O‐protected hydroxamic acids starting from 4‐nitrophenyl esters and O‐protected hydroxylamines is described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Telescoped Enolate Arylation/HWE Procedure for the Preparation of 3‐Alkenyl‐Oxindoles: The First Synthesis of Soulieotine
Authors: Millemaggi Alessia , Perry Alexis , Whitwood Adrian C. , Taylor Richard J. K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA telescoped sequence involving palladium‐catalysed intramolecular enolate arylation followed by an in situ HWE olefination has been developed to provide rapid access to 3‐alkenyl‐oxindoles. This “one‐pot” process, which is greatly accelerated by microwave irradiation, proceeds with low loadings of palladium(II) acetate (0.2–1.0 mol‐%), and has been used to prepare a range of adducts derived from aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic aldehydes as well as formaldehyde. In addition, further elaboration of the formaldehyde adducts are described. The applicability of the process has been established by carrying out the first synthesis of Soulieotine, a constituent of a traditional Chinese medicine. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Electrochemical Preparation, Characterization, and Electrocatalytic Properties of OsPtCl6 Film Electrodes Towards Reduction of NAD+, Chloroacetic Acids, and Nitrous Oxide
Authors: Chen Shen‐Ming , Li Sheh‐Hung , Thangamuthu R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractStable electroactive mixed films of osmium oxide/hexachloroplatinate, osmium oxide and platinum have been deposited on different electrode materials by cycling the electrode potential repetitively in solution containing Os3+ and PtCl$\rm{ {_{6}^{2-}}}$. The film growth of was monitored by using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The cyclic voltammetric features of modified electrode in Os3+ solution resembles that of surface wave, and involves ions‐exchange with Os3+ ions present in the solution. Based on the SEM results the modifier was considered as one‐dimensional, mixed‐valent polymeric film, and stabilized by Os3+/2+ counter ions. Finally, the electrocatalytic activity of the modified electrode was examined toward reduction of NAD+, chloroacetic acids and nitrous oxide.
Amperometric Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized on Fe3O4/Chitosan Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Tan Xuecai , Zhang Jinlei , Tan Shengwei , Zhao Dandan , Huang Zenwei , Mi Yan , Huang Zaiyin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA new type of amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor was constructed based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized on Fe3O4/chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode. The effects of some experimental variables such as the concentration of supporting electrolyte, pH, enzyme loading, the concentration of the mediator of methylene blue (MB) and the applied potential were investigated. The linear range of the calibration curve for H2O2 was 2.0×10−4–1.2×10−2 M with a detection limit of 1.0×10−4 M (S/N=3). The response time was less than 12 s. The apparent Michaelis‐Menten constant Km was 21.4 mM and it illustrated the excellent biological activity of the fixed enzyme. In addition, the biosensor had long‐time stability and good reproducibility. And this method has been used to determine H2O2 concentration in the real sample.
Prediction of transmission‐line rating based on thermal overload probability using weather models
Authors: Kim Dong‐Min , Kim Jin‐O 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper explains the concept of dynamic line rating (DLR) and suggests the method to forecast the thermal rating. The weather parameters are modeled corresponding to each transmission line, and thermal overload probability (TOP) is estimated using the predicted weather models and the present DLR value. In particular, a statistical wind speed model is developed using time series with compensation. In the case study, it is confirmed that the predicted TOP should be utilized as the criterion that decides forecast rating (FR) in order to operate the transmission line reasonably. The proposed method would be useful to enhance security and reliability of the transmission line. Moreover, this study could provide a better insight into the system operation and control, especially now a days when deregulation and liberalization of transmission systems are introduced. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High performance reactive control for unbalanced three‐phase load
Authors: Ghaeb Jasim A. , Aloquili Osama M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper we consider the problem of balancing a three‐phase load and how to optimize the TCR operation. For an unbalanced load change a VAT technique is developed by the authors to determine the three compensating susceptance values and then the unsymmetrical firing angles of TCR, which are necessary for a balanced load operation. An objective function (THD) is determined to measure the discontinuity of the TCR operation. For an unbalanced load change, the availability of TSC and the control of TCR produce different values of reactive volt–amperes, in which all produce the balanced operation but with different amounts of harmonics. The paper introduces and develops an iterative algorithm to obtain the optimum firing angle values of TCR, and this is based on minimum generation of harmonics. The results show that a modulated THD is achieved, and this approach guarantees the high performance reactive control for unbalanced three‐phase load. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Full‐scale study on combustion characteristics of an upholstered chair under different boundary conditions—Part 1: Ignition at the seat center
Authors: Xie Q. Y. , Zhang H. P. , Han Z. F. , Mei P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe objective of this work is to investigate the effects of boundary conditions on the combustion characteristic of combustible items in a room. A series of full‐scale experiments were carried out in the ISO 9705 fire test room with an upholstered chair at four typical locations, i.e. at the middle of side wall, at the center of the room with the seat toward the door, at the center of the room with the seat toward inside of the room, at the room corner, respectively. Ignition was achieved through a BS No.7 wooden crib at the geometric center of the seat surface for each test. Besides the heat release rate (HRR), four thermocouple trees were placed around the chair to monitor detailed temperature distributions during the combustion process of an upholstered chair. The results indicated that the boundary conditions had some effects on the combustion behavior of a chair in a room. It was shown that there were clearly two main peak HRRs for the cases of a chair being clung to the side wall or at the corner. However, there was only one main peak HRR when the chair was placed at the center of the room, either outwards or inwards. In addition, the results of the two cases of chairs being at the center indicate that the maximum HRR (about 829 kW) for the chair seat toward the door was relatively larger than the maximum HRR (about 641 kW) for the chair seat toward inside of the room. It was suggested that the special complex structure of a chair was also a considerable factor for the effect of boundary conditions on the combustion behavior of a chair in an enclosure. Furthermore, the measured temperature distributions around the chair also illustrated the effects of boundary condition on the combustion behavior of a chair in a room. It was suggested that although HRR was one of the most important fire parameters, HRR mainly represented the comprehensive fire behavior of a combustible item. In order to develop more suitable room fire dynamic models, more detailed information such as the surrounding temperature distributions measured by the thermocouple trees are useful. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A2E, a component of lipofuscin, is pro‐angiogenic in vivo
Authors: Iriyama Aya , Inoue Yuji , Takahashi Hidenori , Tamaki Yasuhiro , Jang Woo‐Dong , Yanagi Yasuo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA recent study in vitro demonstrated that a major lipofuscin component, A2E, serves as a retinoic acid receptor ligand. The current study investigated the effects of A2E on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vivo and was performed to extend the understanding of the effects of A2E. Firstly, subretinal injection of A2E was performed and 3 weeks after the injection, and it was demonstrated that subretinal injection of A2E induced RPE cell death, and concomitant upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the RPE and choroid. The upregulation of VEGF was attenuated by an RARα antagonist. Next we performed laser photocoagulation in mice that accumulated A2E either after subretinal injection, by Ccl2 gene knockout or by aging demonstrated that mice that accumulated A2E in the RPE, which showed higher rates of choroidal neobascularization (CNV) formation after weak laser injury than the controls and the formation of CNV was inhibited by an RARα antagonist in all models tested. The data suggest that A2E accumulation induces RPE cell death, and concomitant increase of VEGF. Accumulation of A2E alone is not sufficient to induce CNV in vivo, but induces the expression of VEGF in RPE and choroid. The mice that accumulated A2E in RPE cells are vulnerable to CNV development via RAR activation, at least in part. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 469–475, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TRAIL‐induced apoptosis of FHIT‐negative lung cancer cells is inhibited by FHIT re‐expression
Authors: Mirandola Prisco , Gobbi Giuliana , Sponzilli Ivonne , Malinverno Chiara , Cavazzoni Andrea , Alfieri Roberta , Petronini Pier Giorgio , Vitale Marco 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFragile histidine triad (FHIT) is a tumor suppressor gene whose allelic loss is associated to a number of human cancers. FHIT protein acts as a diadenosine oligophosphate hydrolase, but its tumor suppressive activity appears as independent from its enzymatic activity. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) can induce apoptosis in the FHIT‐negative non‐small lung cancer cell line Calu‐1. We generated four FHIT‐inducible Calu‐1 cell clones and demonstrated that FHIT expression was able to protect cells from TRAIL‐induced apoptosis, without affecting TRAIL‐receptors surface expression. FHIT‐specific small interference RNA transfection of SV40‐immortalized normal bronchial BEAS cells that show levels of FHIT protein comparable to those of normal bronchial cells, resulted in a significant increase of TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. Of note, suramin‐mediated inhibition of FHIT enzymatic activity also enhanced TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. We conclude that FHIT expression in lung cancer cells is protective from TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that FHIT exerts this protective effect downstream TRAIL‐receptors and likely requires its dinucleoside‐triphosphate hydrolase activity. As TRAIL represents in the near future a good candidate for death ligands‐based anticancer therapy, its potential therapeutic use should be envisaged as preliminary to molecular genetics interventions or drug‐induced epigenetic modulations aimed to restoring FHIT gene expression levels in non‐small cells lung tumors. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 492–498, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel conjugated coumarin‐thiazole systems
Authors: Chimenti Franco , Carradori Simone , Secci Daniela , Bolasco Adriana , Chimenti Paola , Granese Arianna , Bizzarri Bruna 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
magnified imageSeven new 2,4‐disubstituted thiazoles have been synthesized by Hantzsch condensation and assayed for several biological activities for a preliminary screening. They have been fully characterized by elemental analysis, UV–Vis spectroscopy, TG‐DTA, IR, and 1H NMR as well. These structures display different pharmacological (antimicrobic activity, citotoxicity, and hMAO inhibition) and industrial properties (complete transparency in the region between 465–800 nm and high thermal stability) varying on their substituents and could be considered as good lead compounds for further developments. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
A simple preparation of ethyl 2,5‐dimethylfuran‐3‐carboxylate and 2,5‐dimethylfuran‐3,4‐dicarboxylic acid from diethyl 2,3‐diacetylsuccinate
Authors: Wang Gang‐Qiang , Guan Zhi , Tang Rong‐Chang , Ostojic Zeljko , Jones T. Nicholas , Wu Ting‐Ting , He Yan‐Hong 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA simple preparation of ethyl 2,5‐dimethylfuran‐3‐carboxylate (3), 2,5‐dimethylfuran‐3,4‐dicarboxylic acid (4), and diethyl 2,5‐dimethylfuran‐3,4‐dicarboxylate (5) by treatment of diethyl 2,3‐diacetylsuccinate (2) with aqueous HCl is reported. The reaction is performed under organic solvent free conditions from a readily available cheap starting material. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
MRI diffusion tensor tracking of a new amygdalo‐fusiform and hippocampo‐fusiform pathway system in humans
Authors: Smith Charles D. , Lori Nicolas F. , Akbudak Erbil , Sorar Ertugrul , Gultepe Eren , Shimony Joshua S. , McKinstry Robert C. , Conturo Thomas E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPurposeTo use MRI diffusion‐tensor tracking (DTT) to test for the presence of unknown neuronal fiber pathways interconnecting the mid‐fusiform cortex and anteromedial temporal lobe in humans. Such pathways are hypothesized to exist because these regions coactivate in functional MRI (fMRI) studies of emotion‐valued faces and words, suggesting a functional link that could be mediated by neuronal connections.Materials and MethodsA total of 15 normal human subjects were studied using unbiased DTT approaches designed for probing unknown pathways, including whole‐brain seeding and large pathway‐selection volumes. Several quality‐control steps verified the results.ResultsParallel amygdalo‐fusiform and hippocampo‐fusiform pathways were found in all subjects. The pathways begin/end at the mid‐fusiform gyrus above the lateral occipitotemporal sulcus bilaterally. The superior pathway ends/begins at the superolateral amygdala. The inferior pathway crosses medially and ends/begins at the hippocampal head. The pathways are left‐lateralized, with consistently larger cross‐sectional area, higher anisotropy, and lower minimum eigenvalue (D‐min) on the left, where D‐min assesses intrinsic cross‐fiber diffusivity independent of curvature.ConclusionA previously‐undescribed pathway system interconnecting the mid‐fusiform region with the amygdala/hippocampus has been revealed. This pathway system may be important for recognition, memory consolidation, and emotional modulation of face, object, and lexical information, which may be disrupted in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.