bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal variation in fault friction and its effects on the slip evolution of a thrust fault over several earthquake cycles
Authors: Hampel Andrea , Hetzel Ralf 
Published: June 2012

Terra Nova, 24, 357–362, 2012AbstractThe friction coefficient is a key parameter for the slip evolution of faults, but how temporal changes in friction affect fault slip is still poorly known. By using three‐dimensional numerical models with a thrust fault that is alternately locked and released, we show that variations in the friction coefficient affect both coseismic and long‐term fault slip. Decreasing the friction coefficient by 5% while keeping the duration of the interseismic phase constant leads to a four‐fold increase in coseismic slip, whereas a 5% increase nearly suppresses slip. A gradual decrease or increase of friction over several earthquake cycles (1–5% per earthquake) considerably alters the cumulative fault slip. In nature, the slip deficit (surplus) resulting from variations in the friction coefficient would presumably be compensated by a longer (shorter) interseismic phase, but the magnitude of the changes required for compensation render variations of the friction coefficient of >5% unlikely.
IgE to recombinant allergens Api m 1, Ves v 1, and Ves v 5 distinguish double sensitization from crossreaction in venom allergy
Authors: Müller U. , Schmid‐Grendelmeier P. , Hausmann O. , Helbling A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundDiagnostic tests in patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy are frequently positive to venoms of both honey bee and wasp (Vespula). Component‐resolved analysis with recombinant species‐specific major allergens (rSSMA) may help to distinguish true double sensitization from crossreactivity.MethodsIncluded were 121 patients with systemic allergic reactions to Hymenoptera stings, 76 with double positivity of serum‐specific IgE (sIgE) to both venoms, 45 with single positivity to bee or wasp venom, and 32 controls without history of systemic reactions to Hymenoptera stings and no sIgE to whole venoms. In venom‐allergic patients and controls, sIgE to rSSMA Api m 1 of bee venom and to Ves v 1 and Ves v 5 of wasp venom were tested by ImmunoCAP.ResultsOnly 47% of 76 patients with double positivity to whole venoms reacted also to rSSMA of both species. Specificity of sIgE to the 3 rSSMA was very high, with no sIgE to rSSMA of the other species in single‐positive venom‐allergic patients and only one control with low sIgE to Ves v 1. All wasp‐allergic single‐positive patients had sIgE to Ves v 5 and/or Ves v 1, and 78.3% of single‐positive bee venom–allergic patients had sIgE to Api m 1.ConclusionSpecificity of sIgE to rSSMA of both species is excellent. Sensitivity of sIgE to rSSMA was optimal for wasp venom. Sensitivity of bee venom Api m 1 could be increased by adding rSSMA of other important bee venom allergens.
The role of basophil activation test in special populations with mastocytosis and reactions to hymenoptera sting
Authors: Bonadonna P. , Zanotti R. , Melioli G. , Antonini F. , Romano I. , Lenzi L. , Caruso B. , Passalacqua G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundSystemic mastocytosis (SM) may be associated with hymenoptera allergy. In such cases, immunotherapy is a life‐saving treatment, but a circumstantiated diagnosis is needed for its prescription. Patients with SM and previous reactions to stings, but with negative tests represent a diagnostic dilemma. The basophil activation test (BAT) may be helpful in refining the diagnosis.ObjectiveWe assessed the usefulness of BAT in subpopulations of mastocytosis patients, including those with negative tests for insect allergy.MethodsWithin a population of patients with mastocytosis and previous stings, we studied by BAT and augmented intradermal test (IDT) (10 µg/ml) two groups: (1) with reactions to stings and negative tests; (2) without reactions and negative tests. Basophil activation test was performed with different venoms, assessing at flow cytometry basophils’ activation.ResultsSixty‐three patients had mastocytosis and 52 had reactions to previous hymenoptera stings. Of them, seven proved negative to diagnostic tests. In six of seven of those patients, BAT was negative with all venoms, and in one, basophils resulted activated also with the negative control. In six patients without previous reactions and negative tests, BAT was totally negative in five of six patients and weakly positive to Hornet in one. Finally, the IDT at 10 µg/ml venom produced nonspecific positive results in most cases.ConclusionIn patients with mastocytosis, the negative results of standard tests are reliable, because BAT and IDT at higher concentration do not add useful information.
Obstructive uropathy is associated with polyomavirus viremia in pediatric kidney transplantation
Authors: Matossian Debora , Langman Craig B. , Cohn Richard A. , Ali Farah N. 
Published: June 2012

Matossian D, Langman CB, Cohn RA, Ali FN. Obstructive uropathy is associated with polyomavirus viremia in pediatric kidney transplantation.Abstract:  BKVN leads to allograft dysfunction following kidney transplantation and is preceded by BK viremia. Studies in pediatric kidney transplant recipients reveal an incidence of viruria ranging from 18% to 33%, viremia 6–16%, and BKVN 2–8%. Specific risk factors have not been clearly elucidated. Retrospective chart review of pediatric kidney transplants performed from January 2005 through December 2009; to identify risk factors associated with BK viremia in pediatric kidney transplant recipients from a single center. Of the 93 patients who received kidney transplants in the study period, 22 (24%) developed BK viruria, including 12 (13%) who developed viremia. One patient with viremia (1.6%) had BKVN. Obstructive uropathy was identified as the cause of ESKD in 22 (24%) of all recipients. 27% (n = 6) of these 22 patients developed viremia, while only 8.5% (6/71) with ESKD from another cause had viremia (p = 0.001). No other examined variable differed between the two groups. Although the overall incidence was no higher than other reported series, we identified that BK disease was more frequent in children with OU. A higher index of suspicion for invasive BK disease is necessary in patients with OU who receive kidney allografts. Transplant protocols may need to consider underlying cause of ESKD when designing screening protocols for BK disease in children after kidney transplantation.
Acute norovirus‐induced agranulocytosis in a pediatric kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Chehade H. , Girardin E. , Delich V. , Pascual M.‐A. , Venetz J.‐P. , Cachat F. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNorovirus (NoV) infection is usually limited to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, in immunocompromised patients, this infection might lead to severe life‐threatening complications. We herein describe a pediatric kidney transplant patient who presented with an acute NoV infection complicated by febrile agranulocytosis that resolved with improvement of her GI illness. This unusual presentation has not been described before, to our knowledge. The aim of this article is to highlight the sometimes dramatic clinical presentation of NoV infection in immunosuppressed patients, and the importance of including this infection in the differential diagnosis of neutropenia in that specific population.
Flow cytometric analysis of somaclonal variation in lineages of Hosta sports detects polyploidy and aneuploidy chimeras
Authors: Zonneveld B. J. M. , Pollock W. I. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSomaclonal variation of some 124 specially selected cultivars of Hosta Tratt. (Hostaceae) was investigated. Nuclear DNA contents (2C‐value) were measured by flow cytometry of leaves and roots of L1, L2 and L3 layers derived from apical meristems. These values were then converted to inferred ploidies by comparing the measured 2C‐values and ploidy with those of the parent plant. During tissue‐culture propagation, on occasion diploid (L1‐L2‐L3 = 2‐2‐2) hostas give rise to polyploids, such as fully tetraploids (4‐4‐4), and periclinal chimeras, such as partial tetraploids (4‐2‐2). Continual propagation can result in partial tetraploids becoming full tetraploids. Nuclear DNA of some diploids increased with incomplete chromosome sets resulting in fully aneuploids, such as hostas with a DNA ploidy of L1‐L2‐L3 = 2.5‐2.5‐2.5 and 3.7‐3.7‐3.7, and even in aneuploid periclinal chimeras, such as L1‐L2‐L3 = 2.5‐2‐2 and 3.8‐2‐2. The polyploidy of L1, irrespective of the ploidy of L2 and L3, is found to mainly determine the thickness of leaves. Also the higher the ploidy of L1, the wider and more intense in color is the leaf margin. The measurements of Hosta cultivars and their lineages of sports show that chromosome losses or gains are an important source of new cultivars. The complexity of chromosomal distribution in lineages of several Hosta cultivars is discussed.
Methylglyoxal inhibits seed germination and root elongation and up‐regulates transcription of stress‐responsive genes in ABA‐dependent pathway in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hoque T. S. , Uraji M. , Tuya A. , Nakamura Y. , Murata Y. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMethylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive metabolite derived from glycolysis. In this study, we examined the effect of MG on seed germination, root elongation, chlorosis and stress‐responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis using an abscisic acid (ABA)‐deficient mutant, aba2‐2. In the wild type, 0.1 mm MG did not affect germination but delayed root elongation, whereas 1.0 mm MG inhibited germination and root elongation and induced chlorosis. MG increased transcription levels of RD29B and RAB18 in a dose‐dependent manner but did not affect RD29A transcription level. In contrast, in the aba2‐2 mutant, MG inhibition of seed germination at 1.0 mm and 10.0 mm and a delay of root elongation at 0.1 mm MG were mitigated, although there was no significant difference in chlorosis between the wild type and mutant. Moreover, the aba2‐2 mutation impaired MG‐induced RD29B and RAB18 gene expression. These observations suggest that MG not only directly inhibits germination and root elongation but also indirectly modulates these processes via endogenous ABA in Arabidopsis.
Rapid identification of yeast by fluorescence in situ hybridisation from broth and blood cultures
Authors: Frickmann Hagen , Lakner Anna , Essig Andreas , Poppert Sven 
Published: June 2012

SummaryCandida species including species other than Candida albicans are of importance as causative agents of sepsis in intensive‐care units, requiring prompt initiation of targeted therapy. While fluconazole is usually active against Candida albicans, non‐Candida albicans species often require more sophisticated approaches. A rapid species diagnosis is therefore desirable and can be provided by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). However, broad evaluation studies of described probes are largely lacking and the probe panel that has been described is incomplete. As an addition to previously described C. albicans FISH probes, we evaluated published DNA probes for C. glabrata and C. krusei, as well as newly designed DNA probes for C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, Crypotococcus neoformans and a group of intrinsically fluconazole‐resistant Candida species for FISH with 22 reference strains, 23 well‐characterised laboratory control strains, 169 isolates from clinical samples and 48 blood cultures. Sensitivity and specificity of >99% were demonstrated for all evaluated species‐specific probes, whereas the probe that binds to a heterogeneous group of intrinsically fluconazole‐resistant Candida species correctly identified eight of nine fluconazole‐resistant clinical isolates. FISH yielded reliable results using the classical FISH procedure as well as a recently described slide chamber‐based method. Given this good sensitivity and specificity, FISH may be applied for rapid identification of yeast in screening analyses, thus giving the opportunity for more precise targeting of antimycotic therapy.
Effects of a regular walking exercise program on behavioral and biochemical aspects in elderly people with type II diabetes
Authors: Sung Kiwol , Bae Sangkeun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe present study examined the effects of a regular walking exercise program on behavioral (daily physical activity, physical strength, energy consumption) and biochemical (fasting blood glucose [FBG], glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], total cholesterol, triglycerides [TG], low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) aspects of elderly people with type II diabetes. A randomized and stratified experimental design was used with experimental and control groups. The experimental group was subjected to a 6 month walking exercise program, involving walking exercise three times per week for 50 min, and a 4 week education program on diet control and the prevention of complications, once per week for 20 min. Post‐test was conducted after 3 and 6 months to examine short‐ and long‐term behavioral and biochemical effects. The regular walking exercise program effectively increased daily physical activity, physical strength, and energy consumption (behavioral aspects), and decreased FBG, HbA1c, and TG levels (biochemical aspects) in elderly people with type II diabetes. The incidence of type II diabetes complications might be reduced by implementing a regular walking exercise program.
Descriptive survey of Summer Genetics Institute nurse graduates in the USA
Authors: Hickey Kathleen T. , Sciacca Robert R. , McCarthy Mary S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the clinical, research, educational, and professional activities that nurses are engaged in following participation in a 2 month intramural genetics training program. An online survey was administered in 2010 to graduates of the program sponsored by the US National Institute of Nursing Research from 2000 to 2009, in Bethesda, Maryland, USA. The electronic, voluntary survey was sent to 189 graduates via email. The survey included demographic characteristics, educational preparation, professional roles and responsibilities, and attitudes about genetic testing and privacy issues. Of the 95 graduates responding to the survey, 74% had doctorates and 70% were advanced practice nurses. All respondents reported incorporating genetics knowledge into daily clinical, academic, or research practices since completing the program, with 72% reporting being involved in genetically‐focused research (52% with research funding), 32% incorporating genetics into patient care, and 79% providing genetics education. Respondents working in a hospital setting or academic institution were more likely to desire additional training in genetics. National Institute of Nursing Research graduates have successfully integrated genomics into a variety of nursing practices.
Work‐related empowerment of nurse managers: A systematic review
Authors: Trus Marija , Razbadauskas Arturas , Doran Diane , Suominen Tarja 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe present study discusses how nurse managers' work‐related empowerment has been investigated, in order to determine the level and relationships of empowerment among them. A systematic review was carried out, and a literature search was conducted with certain electronic databases for the period 1990–2009, using the main key words in various combinations. Only nine empirical studies in English were selected for review, in accordance with the requirements for the methodological quality and inclusion criteria. The most common type of study design was a descriptive survey (n = 5), and included various questionnaires, scales, and interviews. Nurse managers' structural, psychological, and work empowerment was found to be high or moderately high. The empowerment of nurse managers correlated positively with job satisfaction, perceived organizational support, role satisfaction, and managerial self‐efficacy, and correlated negatively with emotional exhaustion and own health outcomes. Different theoretical approaches ensure a clear understanding of empowerment, but difficulties arise when the findings are synthesized across studies and settings because of the different theoretical frameworks used to conceptualize empowerment.
Game theory sheds new light on ecological responses to current climate change when phenology is historically mismatched
Authors: Johansson Jacob , Jonzén Niclas 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPhenological changes are well documented biological effects of current climate change but their adaptive value and demographic consequences are poorly known. Game theoretical models have shown that deviating from the fitness‐maximising phenology can be evolutionary stable under frequency‐dependent selection. We study eco‐evolutionary responses to climate change when the historical phenology is mismatched in this way. For illustration we model adaptation of arrival dates in migratory birds that compete for territories at their breeding grounds. We simulate climate change by shifting the timing and the length of the favourable season for breeding. We show that initial trends in changes of population densities can be either reinforced or counteracted during the ensuing evolutionary adaptation. We find in total seven qualitatively different population trajectories during the transition to a new evolutionary equilibrium. This surprising diversity of eco‐evolutionary responses provides adaptive explanations to the observed variation in phenological responses to recent climate change.
MARKUPS AND WELFARE COSTS OF BUSINESS CYCLES IN TURKEY
Authors: Yılmaz Ensar 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe paper, using a simple theory‐based measure of the variations in aggregate economic efficiency in a New Keynessian structure, analyses the nature of the business fluctuations and estimates their welfare costs in Turkey during the period 1998–2009. The measure contains two components: a price markup and a wage markup. It seems that the latter mainly drives the fluctuations in Turkey. The paper also shows that inefficient fluctuations in the allocation of resources do generate moderate welfare costs on average. However, the aggregate efficiency costs increase much more during deep recessions.
Monitoring the Monitors: The Effect of Banking Industry Reform on Earnings Management Behavior in an Emerging Market
Authors: Hsieh Chia‐Chun , Wu Shing‐Jen 
Published: June 2012

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueThis paper studies whether enhanced regulatory supervision of the banking system strengthens the debt contracting mechanism between borrowers and lenders in emerging markets. Specifically, we investigate: 1) whether the borrowers’ accrual‐based earnings management behavior is more negatively associated with the magnitude of their bank loans after the government strengthens the monitoring on banks, and 2) whether the enhanced supervision is more effective for firms controlled by the state, the major economic player in most emerging markets.Research Findings/InsightsUsing China's 2003 banking reform as a natural experiment, we find that borrowers’ earnings management behavior becomes more negatively associated with loan size after the reform. The association is more significant for state‐owned borrowers and lenders, consistent with the prediction that although the state‐owned parties face lower barriers to collusion, the reform increases the costs of side‐contracting. Overall, the findings suggest that such reform is effective in enhancing banks’ role in corporate governance in a transition economy.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsTo date, most corporate governance studies are based on the standard principal‐agent theory that analyzes contracting between only two parties. For this reason, the standard agency theory has had limited success in explaining economic developments in emerging markets, where the economy is characterized by high levels of government intervention (i.e., a third party), which creates the possibility of collusion. We study debt contracting in an emerging market by adopting the theory of collusion, an extension of the traditional principal‐agent theory to multi‐agent settings, such as one in which there are one principal and two agents, one of whom plays the role of supervisor. Our results show that, consistent with theoretical predictions, monitoring by the government (i.e., the principal) of banks (i.e., the supervisor) has an impact on the relationship between banks and borrowing firms (i.e., the agents).Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsPrevious research on corporate governance in emerging markets, which has focused on the disciplining role of the equity holders, has documented that corporate governance is rather weak. As private lending is the most widely used type of financing in emerging markets such as China, this paper takes a different view and shows that private lending has increased its influence on firms’ corporate governance since a banking reform. The results confirm that the debt contracting mechanism between companies and banks has developed since such a reform.
CONTROL RIGHTS (AND WRONGS)
Authors: Haldane Andrew G. 
Published: June 2012

Disclaimer: The views expressed are not necessarily those of the Bank of England or the Financial Policy Committee.In the 2011 Wincott Lecture, the author sets out a number of structural factors that have led banks to take on too much risk. The combination of limited liability for equity holders, tax biases that favoured debt over equity, the likelihood that banks would not be allowed to fail, and performance targets linked to short‐term equity returns meant that neither debt nor equity holders had an incentive to constrain bank risk taking. A number of solutions are offered which would better align these incentives with the public good.