bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restraint of children with additional needs in motor vehicles: Knowledge and challenges of paediatric occupational therapists in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Baker Anne , Galvin Jane , Vale Lisa , Lindner Helen 
Published: September 2011

Aim:  This research project aimed to understand the challenges faced by occupational therapists when making recommendations regarding the restraint of children with additional needs in motor vehicles in Victoria, Australia.
Methods:  A cross‐sectional survey design was used to explore current practice in relation to the prescription of motor vehicle restraints in Victoria, Australia. An electronic survey was sent to occupational therapists working with children aged from birth to 18 years in early intervention services, hospitals, schools, community services or private practice.
Results:  Challenges faced by occupational therapists related to a lack of knowledge of relevant standards and legal requirements, issues seating children with behavioural difficulties, families’ inability to purchase recommended equipment and constraints as a result of funding issues.
Conclusion:  Further work is required to develop appropriate resources which support occupational therapists to make car seating recommendations for children with additional needs which comply with Australian legal requirements and standards.
Effects of hemodilution after traumatic brain injury in juvenile rats
Authors: Bertolizio Gianluca , Bissonnette Bruno , Mason Linda , Ashwal Stephen , Hartman Richard , Marcantonio Suzzanne , Obenaus Andre 
Published: September 2011

SummaryBackground:  Normovolemic hemodilution (HD) in adult animal studies has shown exacerbation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) lesion volumes. Similar studies in juvenile rats have not been reported and outcomes are likely to be different. This study investigated the effects of normovolemic hemodilution (21% hematocrit) in a juvenile TBI (jTBI) model.Methods:  Twenty 17‐day‐old rats underwent moderate cortical contusion impact injury (CCI) and were divided into four groups: CCI/hemodilution (HD) (group HD), CCI/no HD (group C), Sham/HD (group SHD), and Sham/no HD (group S). Regional laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), edema formation (MRI‐T2WI), water mobility assessed using diffusion weighted imaging (MRI‐DWI), open field activity tests, and histological analyses were evaluated for lesion characteristics.Results:  Hemodilution significantly increased blood flow in the HD compared to the C group after TBI. T2WI revealed a significantly increased extravascular blood volume in HD at 1, 7, and 14 days post‐CCI. Edematous tissue and total contusional lesion volume were higher in HD‐treated animals at 1 and 14 days. DWI revealed that HD, SHD, and C groups had elevated water mobility compared to S groups in the ipsilateral cortex and striatum. Histology showed a larger cortical lesion in the C than HD group. Open field activity was increased in HD, C, and SHD groups compared to the S group.Conclusions:  Hemodilution results in significant brain hyperemia with increased edema formation, extravascular blood volume, and water mobility after jTBI. Hemodilution results in less cortical damage but did not alter behavior. Hemodilution is likely not to be clinically beneficial following jTBI.
Impact of urban environment and host phenotype on the epidemiology ofChlamydiaceaein feral pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Gasparini J. , Erin N. , Bertin C. , Jacquin L. , Vorimore F. , Frantz A. , Lenouvel P. , Laroucau K. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryChlamydiaceaeare obligate intracellular Gram‐negative bacteria found all over the world and known to cause various forms of disease in animals and humans. Urban pigeons are known to be an important reservoir ofChlamydia psittaci, the agent of human psittacosis. In this study, we examined the influence of pigeon houses used to regulate pigeon populations and of melanin‐based coloration on several epidemiological parameters ofChlamydiaceaein 708 urban pigeons in Paris. We also identified species and genotypes ofChlamydiaceaepresent in Parisian populations. First, our results revealed that pigeons roosting and breeding in pigeon houses were equally infected byChlamydiaceaeas those that did not. Second, we found that dark melanic pigeons excreted moreChlamydiaceaethan pale melanic ones. Finally, species and strain diversities were very low: all samples were ofC. psittacigenotype B. Nevertheless, two atypicalChlamydiaceaewere identified based on 16S rRNA andompA sequences. Our study thus highlights the importance of considering environmental and host phenotype when investigating the epidemiology of infectious diseases.
Salvage high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for local prostate cancer recurrence after radiotherapy – preliminary results
Authors: Jo Yoshimasa , Fujii Tomohiro , Hara Ryoei , Yokoyama Teruhiko , Miyaji Yoshiyuki , Yoden Eisaku , Hiratsuka Junichi , Nagai Atsushi 
Published: September 2011

Study Type – Prognostic (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?There have been no reports on the application of HDR‐BT in Japan as salvage therapy for recurrence following radiotherapy.Our data showed that salvage HDR‐BT is effective as an option for treatment of local prostate cancer recurrence after radiotherapy.OBJECTIVE
To assess the preliminary clinical results of salvage high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy (HDR‐BT) applied in cases of suspected local recurrence or of residual tumour after radiotherapy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The subjects were 11 patients who met the above conditions and underwent salvage HDR‐BT between December 2006 and January 2009. The T stage at the initial treatment was T1c in three patients, T2 in three patients and T3 in five patients.
Ten patients received HDR‐BT ± electron beam radiation therapy and one patient received proton beam irradiation.
Follow‐up after the completion of salvage HDR‐BT lasted 18–41 months (mean 29 months). A dose of 11.0 Gy radiation was delivered twice (22.0 Gy in total), separated by a 6‐h interval, on the day the applicators were inserted.
RESULTS
Seven of the 11 cases remained in a biochemical non‐evidence of disease state.
The prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level continuously rose after salvage HDR‐BT in three of the four other cases. Hormone administration was initiated in the four cases of PSA recurrence.
No G3 or more severe events occurred, and the incidence of G2 was low during this study period.
CONCLUSION
Of the 11 cases treated with salvage HDR‐BT, PSA levels remained low in seven cases and the incidence of complications was also low. This suggests that salvage HDR‐BT is effective as an option for treatment of local prostate cancer recurrence after radiotherapy.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma is becoming a consensus: a national survey of French centres involved in melanoma care in 2008
Authors: Lourari S. , Paul C. , Gouraud P.‐A. , Tavitian S. , Viraben R. , Leccia M.‐T. , Saiag P. , Lebbe C. , Meyer N. ,   On behalf of the Skin Oncology Working Group of the ‘Société Française de Dermatologie’ (French Society of Dermatology)
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground  The role of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in melanoma care remains controversial and is not included in most guidelines for the management of melanoma in Europe.Objective  To evaluate the practice of SLN biopsy for melanoma.Methods  In 2008, a self‐administered questionnaire was mailed to physicians in 49 hospitals in France.Results  Questionnaires were returned by 34 (69.3%). A median number of 90 new cases of melanoma were treated each year per centre. SLN biopsy was performed routinely in 21 (61.7%) centres. The practice of SLN biopsy for melanoma was recommended in the local guidelines in 53% of centres. The proportion of patients reported as undergoing SLN biopsy for melanoma was significantly higher in centres with local guidelines than in centres without local guidelines (33.4 ± 21.4% vs. 13.1 ± 21.8%; P = 0.003). Where the local guidelines recommended SLN biopsy (n = 21), it was advocated in the case of Breslow thickness ≥1.0 mm (76%) and/or ulceration of the primary melanoma (38%) and/or histological regression of the primary melanoma (24%).Conclusion  Our study may be considered representative of SLN practice in France. Contrary to current national guidelines for melanoma care in France, SLN biopsy is routinely recommended in the majority of centres. Our study shows that the practice of SLN biopsy for melanoma is increasingly performed in patients with intermediate Breslow melanoma.
Smurf2‐mediated ubiquitination and degradation of Id1 regulates p16 expression during senescence
Authors: Kong Yahui , Cui Hang , Zhang Hong 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe inhibitor of differentiation or DNA binding (Id) family of transcription regulators plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and senescence. However, regulation of Id expression during these processes is poorly understood. Id proteins are known to undergo rapid turnover mediated by the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. Anaphase‐promoting complex has been shown to ubiquitinate Id2, but E3 ubiquitin ligase(s) that ubiquitinate other Id family members are not known. Here, we report for the first time the identification of Smurf2 as the E3 ligase that ubiquitinates Id1 and Id3. Smurf2‐mediated ubiquitination and consequent degradation of Id1 or Id3 plays an important role in the regulation of Id expression in senescent cells. Furthermore, we found that Id1 is the mediator through which Smurf2 regulates p16 expression, providing a mechanistic link between Smurf2 and p16 expression during senescence.
pkc‐1regulatesdaf‐2insulin/IGF signalling‐dependent control of dauer formation inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Monje José M. , Brokate‐Llanos Ana M. , Pérez‐Jiménez Mercedes M. , Fidalgo Manuel A. , Muñoz Manuel J. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryInCaenorhabditis elegans, the insulin/IGF pathway participates in the decision to initiate dauer development. Dauer is a diapause stage that is triggered by environmental stresses, such as a lack of nutrients. Insulin/IGF receptor mutants arrest constitutively in dauer, an effect that can be suppressed by mutations in other elements of the insulin/IGF pathway or by a reduction in the activity of the nuclear hormone receptordaf‐12. We have isolated apkc‐1mutant that acts as a novel suppressor of the dauer phenotypes caused by insulin/IGF receptor mutations. Interactions between insulin/IGF mutants and thepkc‐1suppressor mutant are similar to those described fordaf‐12or the DAF‐12 coregulatordin‐1.Moreover, we show that the expression of the DAF‐12 targetdaf‐9, which is normally elevated upon a reduction in insulin/IGF receptor activity, is suppressed in apkc‐1mutant background, suggesting thatpkc‐1could link thedaf‐12and insulin/IGF pathways.pkc‐1has been implicated in the regulation of peptide neurosecretion inC. elegans. Although we demonstrate thatpkc‐1expression in the nervous system regulates dauer formation, our results suggest that the requirement forpkc‐1in neurosecretion is independent of its role in modulating insulin/IGF signalling.pkc‐1belongs to the novel protein kinase C (nPKC) family, members of which have been implicated in insulin resistance and diabetes in mammals, suggesting a conserved role forpkc‐1in the regulation of the insulin/IGF pathway.
A Preliminary Study on the Effect of Manuka Honey on Second‐Intention Healing of Contaminated Wounds on the Distal Aspect of the Forelimbs of Horses
Authors: Bischofberger Andrea S. , Dart Christina M. , Perkins Nigel R. , Dart Andrew J. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of manuka honey on second‐intention healing of contaminated, full‐thickness skin wounds in horses.Study DesignExperimental.AnimalsAdult Standardbred horses (n = 8).MethodsOne wound was created on the dorsomedial aspect of the third metacarpus in both forelimbs, contaminated with feces, and bandaged for 24 hours. Bandages were removed and wounds rinsed with isotonic saline solution. Wounds on 1 limb had manuka honey applied daily (n = 8) whereas wounds on the contralateral limb received no treatment (n = 8). Bandages were replaced and changed daily for 12 days, after which treatment stopped, bandages were removed, leaving wounds open to heal. Wound area was measured 24 hours after wound creation (day 1), then weekly for 8 weeks. Overall time for healing was recorded. Wound area and rate of healing of treated and control wounds were compared statistically.ResultsTreatment with manuka honey decreased wound retraction and treated wounds remained significantly smaller than control wounds until day 42; however, there was no difference in overall healing time between treatment and control wounds.ConclusionsTreatment with manuka honey reduced wound area by reducing retraction but did not affect overall healing time of full‐thickness distal limb wounds using this wound‐healing model.
Mandibular Fracture in Single‐humped Camels
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed F. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo report the causes and classification of mandibular fractures in dromedary camels and outcome after treatment.AnimalsSingle‐humped camels (n = 116) with mandibular fracture.MethodsAt admission, cause, site, classification, and radiography of mandibular fractures were recorded. Factors affecting fracture healing were analyzed.ResultsBiting was the main cause of mandibular fractures in camels, which occurred more commonly in older males (P = .001) than in females. Open fractures were more common than closed ones (92.2% versus 7.8%, P = .0001) and single fractures were more frequent (82%) than multiple and comminuted fractures (18%; P = .001). Fractures were treated by interdental wiring (91.2%) or U‐shaped aluminum bar (8.8%) and healing occurred in most (83.2%) fractures.ConclusionsIn dromedary camels, mandibular fracture is most commonly caused by bites and can be successfully repaired by interdental wiring or a U‐bar technique with good outcome.
Coma, hyperammonemia, metabolic acidosis, and mutation: Lessons learned in the acute management of late onset urea cycle disorders
Authors: Iyer Hari , Sen Mithu , Prasad Chitra , Rupar C. Anthony , Lindsay Robert M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractUrea cycle disorders are an important and treatable cause of hyperammonemia in the newborn and pediatric age group. Presentation in adolescence or adult life is rare and can manifest as frequent vomiting and behavioral changes. An inherited metabolic disorder should be considered in adults with obvious or occult encephalopathy. Failure to diagnose and treat rapidly may lead to irreversible neuronal damage. An improved understanding of the diagnosis and management of late‐onset urea cycle disorders is needed to assist nephrologists in providing optimal care.This report describes the clinical characteristics of a young man with first presentation of hyperammonemia in adult life.
Co‐occurrence‐based measure of species' habitat specialization: robust, unbiased estimation in saturated communities
Authors: Botta‐Dukát Zoltán 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAimsLarge vegetation plot databases enable the estimation of niche width from species co‐occurrence data. Different indices have been proposed for this purpose, but do not give unbiased (i.e. independent of species pool size) and robust estimates over a wide range of conditions. The aims of the paper are to: (1) demonstrate the limitations of different methods, and (2) propose a new algorithm that results in unbiased and robust estimates.ResultsWhittaker's β‐diversity, calculated from raw data, is an unbiased niche width measure only if the relationship between γ‐diversity and local richness is linear. However, this requirement is satisfied only in specific conditions, if both γ‐diversity and local richness are linear functions of the species pool size with zero intercept. I propose the use of Beals smoothing to estimate species pools. It has been proved through analysis of simulated data that Whittaker's β calculated from species pool data is an unbiased estimate of niche width. I have shown that the robustness of the estimate can be improved by excluding extremely species‐rich plots. The relative role of methodological decisions during niche width estimation was explored through analysis of a large field data set (>8000 relevés).ConclusionsThe proposed algorithm results in robust, unbiased estimation, even in saturated communities, thus it avoids the drawbacks of the co‐occurrence‐based niche width measures proposed earlier.
An Assessment of the Efficacy and Safety of Sildenafil Administered to Patients with Erectile Dysfunction Referred for Posterior Urethroplasty: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Fu Qiang , Sun XianJun , Tang ChenYe , Cui RenJie , Chen Lei 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Urethral trauma is often associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). Reconstructive surgery is complex and may impact negatively on sexual function.

Aim
The aim of this article is to investigate ED in patients with pelvic fracture urethral distraction defects (PFUDD) who underwent urethroplasty, and efficacy of treatment with sildenafil citrate.

Main Outcome Measures
A total of 41 patients with urethral stricture who suffered from PFUDD were assessed to exclude systemic diseases that may cause ED, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and chronic liver disease. The International Index of Erectile Function-5 was used as an evaluation tool. Assessments were made at three time points: the time of admission, two weeks after urethroplasty, and 3 months post-treatment with sildenafil.

Methods
Pharmacopenile duplex ultrasonography was used to examine blood flow of the cavernosum in order to distinguish arterial ED, venous ED, and nonvascular ED. All patients were treated with oral sildenafil, 100 mg once daily, three times a week, for 3 months.

Results
The incidence of ED following injury was 95.12%. There were no significant changes in scores following surgery. However, sildenafil had a success rate of approximately 81%, which appeared to be independent of age. Drug treatment seemed most effective for those with less severe ED at the outset. There was no significant difference in scores post-treatment between those who had vascular and nonvascular ED. Overall, the incidence of side effects due to sildenafil was 19.5%.

Conclusions
Urethral trauma is frequently associated with ED. Sildenafil citrate is useful in the drug treatment of ED in these patients and appears to be well-tolerated.
LIGHT HYDROCARBONS IN SOIL GAS ABOVE PROSPECTIVE OIL‐ AND GAS‐BEARING STRUCTURES: POMERANIAN SYNCLINORIUM, NW POLAND
Authors: Sechman H. , Dzieniewicz M. , Nowicka A. 
Published: September 2011

The occurrence of methane and heavier homologues and unsaturated hydrocarbons was recorded in 226 soil gas samples recovered from a study area in the Pomeranian Synclinorium, NW Poland. Samples were collected at stations located along three survey lines (I–I', II–II’ and III–III') at a 200 m spacing. Concentrations of methane, total alkanes (C2‐C4) and total alkenes (C2‐C4) reached 13.7 vol. %, 18.4 ppm and 0.56 ppm, respectively. Soil gas alkanes heavier than methane were interpreted to be derived from subsurface hydrocarbon accumulations. These hydrocarbons migrated up into the near‐surface zone along structural discontinuities and fractures which were observed on seismic profiles.The migration rate of hydrocarbons from subsurface accumulations towards the surface was determined by the ethane/ethylene (C2/C2=) ratio. The statistical distribution of the ethane:propane (C2/C3) ratio and plots of the C2/C3+C4 and C1/C2+C3 ratios indicated that accumulations of condensate, gas or oil with a gas cap probably occur in the study area. Variations in normalized values of total alkane C2‐C4 concentrations allowed surface geochemical anomaly zones to be identified. These anomaly zones were evidence for the occurrence of subsurface hydrocarbon accumulations.Hydrocarbon accumulations are most likely to occur beneath the central part of profile II–II' and may also occur in the SW and NE parts of profile III–III' where both the Carboniferous and the Zechstein Main Dolomite are prospective. In these areas, hydrocarbon accumulations may occur in fault‐bounded anticlinal highs.Surface geochemical anomalies also confirm the presence of a non‐commercial hydrocarbon accumulation in the Main Dolomite which was discovered by the D‐1 well, and the possibility of another subsurface accumulation in an adjacent tectonic block. Soil gas analyses combined with seismic data provide evidence for the hydrocarbon prospectivity of the study area.
SYNDEPOSITIONAL TECTONIC CONTROLS AND PALAEO‐TOPOGRAPHY OF A PERMIAN TIGHT GAS RESERVOIR IN NW GERMANY
Authors: Vackiner A.A. , Antrett P. , Stollhofen H. , Back S. , Kukla P.A. , Bärle C. 
Published: September 2011

A combined tectonic‐stratigraphic interpretation of three‐dimensional seismic reflection, wireline log and core data is presented in this study focussing on a tight gas field in East Frisia, NW Germany. Upper Rotliegend reservoir rocks in the study area are of fluvio‐aeolian origin and include dune, minor sandflat and wet to dry interdune deposits. Source rocks are Westphalian coals and a top seal is provided by Zechstein evaporites.Detailed analyses of palaeo‐topography, fault activity and accommodation space development for strata of Permian age (Rotliegend and Zechstein groups) indicate that local depocentres developed within small‐scale fault‐controlled transtensional sub‐basins. Synsedimentary half‐graben development and fault activity occurred during Upper Rotliegend II (mainly Elbe Subgroup) deposition. Many Upper Rotliegend structures were then reactivated during the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous, often with enhanced offsets and increased lateral extent. As a consequence, Rotliegend structures and stratigraphy were significantly displaced resulting in the relocation of former Rotliegend depocentres and associated tight gas reservoir facies. This tectonic overprint hampers the prediction of potential Rotliegend reservoirs, and shows that palaeo‐environmental restoration is required in areas which have undergone multi‐phase deformation histories.Exploration strategies in the study area have favoured drilling locations in present‐day structural highs. This study suggests that sediment traps were controlled by synsedimentary Upper Rotliegend II to Zechstein palaeo‐topography, defining a new concept for future tight gas exploration.