bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trains of transcranial direct current stimulation antagonize motor cortex hypoexcitability induced by acute hemicerebellectomy
Authors: Ben Taib Nordeyn Oulad , Manto Mario 
Published: April 2009

Object
The cerebellum is a key modulator of motor cortex activity, allowing both the maintenance and fine-tuning of motor cortex discharges. One elemental defect associated with acute cerebellar lesions is decreased excitability of the contralateral motor cortex, which is assumed to participate in deficits in skilled movements and considered a major defect in motor cortex properties. In the present study, the authors assessed the effect of trains of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which elicits polarity-dependent shifts in resting membrane potentials.

Methods
Transcranial DCS countered the defect in motor cortex excitability contralaterally to the hemicerebellar ablation.

Results
The depression of both the H-reflex and F wave remained unchanged with tDCS, and cutaneomuscular reflexes remained unaffected. Transcranial DCS antagonized motor cortex hypoexcitability induced by high-frequency stimulation of interpositus nucleus.

Conclusions
The authors' results show that tDCS has the potential to modulate motor cortex excitability after acute cerebellar dysfunction. By putting the motor cortex at the appropriate level of excitability, tDCS might allow the motor cortex to become more reactive to the procedures of training or learning.
Surface-based facial scan registration in neuronavigation procedures: a clinical study
Authors: Shamir Reuben R. , Freiman Moti , Joskowicz Leo , Spektor Sergey , Shoshan Yigal 
Published: April 2009

Object
Surface-based registration (SBR) with facial surface scans has been proposed as an alternative for the commonly used fiducial-based registration in image-guided neurosurgery. Recent studies comparing the accuracy of SBR and fiducial-based registration have been based on a few targets located on the head surface rather than inside the brain and have yielded contradictory conclusions. Moreover, no visual feedback is provided with either method to inform the surgeon about the estimated target registration error (TRE) at various target locations. The goals in the present study were: 1) to quantify the SBR error in a clinical setup, 2) to estimate the targeting error for many target locations inside the brain, and 3) to create a map of the estimated TRE values superimposed on a patient's head image.

Methods
The authors randomly selected 12 patients (8 supine and 4 in a lateral position) who underwent neurosurgery with a commercial navigation system. Intraoperatively, scans of the patients' faces were acquired using a fast 3D surface scanner and aligned with their preoperative MR or CT head image. In the laboratory, the SBR accuracy was measured on the facial zone and estimated at various intracranial target locations. Contours related to different TREs were superimposed on the patient's head image and informed the surgeon about the expected anisotropic error distribution.

Results
The mean surface registration error in the face zone was 0.9 ± 0.35 mm. The mean estimated TREs for targets located 60, 105, and 150 mm from the facial surface were 2.0, 3.2, and 4.5 mm, respectively. There was no difference in the estimated TRE between the lateral and supine positions. The entire registration procedure, including positioning of the scanner, surface data acquisition, and the registration computation usually required < 5 minutes.

Conclusions
Surface-based registration accuracy is better in the face and frontal zones, and error increases as the target location lies further from the face. Visualization of the anisotropic TRE distribution may help the surgeon to make clinical decisions. The observed and estimated accuracies and the intraoperative registration time show that SBR using the fast surface scanner is practical and feasible in a clinical setup.
Feasibility of ventricular expansion postmortem: a novel laboratory model for neurosurgical training that simulates intraventricular endoscopic surgery
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Loukas Marios , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Wellons John C. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. 
Published: April 2009

Object
Cadavers are often used in the teaching of various neurosurgical procedures. One aspect of this resource that has not been previously explored is the postmortem dilation of the ventricular system, which is often collapsed, for the purpose of training neurosurgeons in the use of intraventricular endoscopy.

Methods
Nine adult cadavers without a history of hydrocephalus or other known intracranial pathology were used for this study. Four specimens were obtained post embalming, and 5 specimens were fresh (time from death until the procedure < 5 hours). In all cadavers catheters were placed into the lateral ventricles; saline and then air were injected into the ventricles through the catheters. Ventriculostomy sites were filled with rubber stoppers, and in fresh specimens, formal embalming was performed with cadavers in the Trendelenburg position. Lastly, serial horizontal sectioning of the cranium was performed in all cadavers to verify ventricular dilation.

Results
None of the 4 embalmed specimens were found to have ventriculomegaly following injection. However, this condition was found in 4 of the 5 fresh specimens. In the single fresh cadaver without ventriculomegaly, the cause of death had been massive intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage, which distorted the ventricular system. This may have prevented cannulation of the ventricle and ventricular expansion in this specimen.

Conclusions
The ventricular system of fresh human cadavers can be dilated postmortem. The method described herein may be useful to neurosurgical trainees or those trained neurosurgeons wishing to practice intraventricular endoscopy.
Radiosurgery for intracranial hemangiopericytomas: outcomes after initial and repeat Gamma Knife surgery
Authors: Olson Claire , Yen Chun-Po , Schlesinger David , Sheehan Jason 
Published: April 2009

Object
Intracranial hemangiopericytoma is a rare CNS tumor that exhibits a high incidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) in the management of intracranial hemangiopericytomas.

Methods
In a review of the University of Virginia radiosurgery database between 1989 and 2008, the authors found recurrent or residual hemangiopericytomas after resection in 21 patients in whom radiosurgery was performed to treat 28 discrete tumors. The median age of this population was 47 years (range 31–61 years) at the time of the initial GKS. Prior treatments included embolization (6), transcranial resection (39), transsphenoidal resection (2), and fractionated radiotherapy (8). The mean prescription and maximum radiosurgical doses to the tumors were 17.0 and 40.3 Gy, respectively. Repeat radiosurgery was used to treat 13 tumors. The median follow-up period was 68 months (range 2–138 months).

Results
At last follow-up, local tumor control was demonstrated in 47.6% of the patients (10 of 21 patients) with hemangiopericytomas. Of the 28 tumors treated, 8 decreased in size on follow-up imaging (28.6%), 5 remained unchanged (17.9%), and 15 ultimately progressed (53.6%). The progression-free survival rates were 90, 60.3, and 28.7% at 1, 3, and 5 years after initial GKS. The progression-free survival rate improved to 95, 71.5, and 71.5% at 1, 3, and 5 years after multiple GKS treatments. The 5-year survival rate after radiosurgery was 81%. Prior fractionated irradiation or radiosurgical prescription dose did not correlate with tumor control. In 4 (19%) of 21 patients extracranial metastases developed.

Conclusions
Radiosurgery is a reasonable treatment option for recurrent hemangiopericytomas. Long-term close clinical and imaging follow-up is necessary because of the high probability of local recurrence and distant metastases. Repeat radiosurgery may be used to treat new or recurrent hemangiopericytomas over a long follow-up course.
Preparation of 1,4:5,8‐Dimethano‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐Octahydro‐9,10‐Dimethoxyanthracenium Hexachloroantimonate (4
+
SbCl
6
−
): A Highly Robust Radical‐Cation Salt
Authors: Rathore Rajendra , Burns Carrie L. , Deselnicu Mihaela I. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

1,4:5,8‐Dimethano‐1,4,4a,5,8,8a,9a,10a‐octahydroanthracene‐9,10‐dione

1,4:5,8‐Dimethanododecahydroanthracene‐9,10‐dione

1,4:5,8‐Dimethano‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydranthracene‐9,10‐diol

1,4:5,8‐Dimethano‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydro‐9,10‐dimethoxy‐anthracene

p
‐Benzoquinone

Cyclopentadiene

Antimony pentachloride
Preparation of (

S

,

S

)‐1,2‐Bis‐(

tert

‐Butylmethylphosphino)Ethane ((

S

,

S

)‐

t

‐
Bu
‐Bis
P
*) As A Rhodium Complex
Authors: Crépy Karen V. L. , Imamoto Tsuneo 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Tert
‐Butyldichlorophosphine

Methylmagnesium bromide

Borane‐tetrahydrofuran

(
tert
‐Butyldimethylphosphine)trihydroboron

sec
‐Butyllithium

Sparteine

Trifluoromethylsulfonic acid

(Norbornadiene)rhodium chloride dimmer

Rhodium(1+), [2,3,5,6 η)‐bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta‐2,5‐diene]bis(methyldiphenylphosphine)‐, tetrafluroborate (1−)
Synthesis of an
Anti
‐α‐Amino Epoxide by One‐Carbon Homologation of an α‐Amino Ester: (2

S

,3

S

)‐1,2‐Epoxy‐3‐(Boc‐Amino)‐4‐Phenylbutane
Authors: Wang Dengjin , Nugent William A. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Trimethylsulfoxonium iodide

Boc‐L‐phenylalanine 4‐nitrophenyl ester

Dimethylsulfoxonium (
S
)‐2‐oxo‐3‐(Boc‐amino)‐4‐phenylbutylide

(
S
)‐1‐Chloro‐3‐(Boc‐amino)‐4‐phenyl‐2‐butanone

Lithium tri‐tert‐butoxyaluminum hydride

(2
S
, 3
S
)‐1,2‐Epoxy‐3‐(Boc‐amino‐4‐phenylbutane
Synthesis of 4‐Triisopropylsilyl‐3‐Butyn‐2‐ol by Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Marshall James A. , Eidam Patrick , Eidam Hilary Schenck 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

(
rac
)‐4‐Triisopropylsilyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol

Triisopropylsilyl acetylene

Tert
‐BuLi

Acetaldehyde

4‐Triisopropylsilyl‐3‐butyne‐2‐one

Manganese dioxide

Ruthenium, [
N
‐(1
S
,2
S
)‐2‐(amino‐kappa‐
N
)‐1,2‐diphenylethyl]‐4‐methyl‐benzenesulfonamidato‐kappa‐
N
]chloro[(1,2,3,4,5,6‐eta)‐1‐methyl‐4‐(1‐methylethyl)benzene]

(1
S
,2
S
)‐(+)‐
N
‐
p
‐toluenesulfonyl‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine

Dichloro(
p
‐cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer

(
S
)‐4‐Triisopropylsilyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol
Preparation of (η
5
‐(

S

)‐2‐(4‐Methylethyl)‐Oxazolinylcyclopentadienyl)‐(η
4
‐Tetraphenylcyclo‐Butadiene)cobalt
Authors: Anderson Carolyn E. , Overman Larry E. , Richards Christopher J. , Watson Mary P. , White Nicole 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

(eta5‐Carbomethoxycyclopentadienyl)‐(eta4‐tetraphenylcyclobutadiene)cobalt

Sodium cyclopentadienide

Chloro(triphenylphosphine)cobalt(I)

Diphenylacetylene

Lithium iodide

2,4,6‐Collidine

Oxalyl chloride

N
,
N
‐Dimethylformamide

(
S
)‐Valinol

Triethylamine

Methanesulfonyl chloride
1,3‐Dichloroacetone as a Cyclopropanone Equivalent: 5‐Oxaspiro[3.4]Octan‐1‐One
Authors: Hilmey David G. , Paquette Leo A. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

2,3‐Dihydrofuran

1,3‐Dichloracetone

Lithium naphthalenide

5‐Oxaspiro[3,4]octan‐1‐one
Copper(I) Iodide Dimethyl Sulfide Catalyzed Addition of a Vinylzirconium Reagent Preparation of 4‐Phenyl‐5(E)‐Decen‐2‐One
Authors: El‐Batta Amer , Bergdahl Mikael 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Schwartz's reagent

Sodium benzophenone ketyl

1‐Hexyne

Benzalacetone

Copper(I) iodide

Dimethyl sulfide
A New Practical One‐Pot Conversion of Phenols to Anilines: 6‐Amino‐3,4‐Dihydro‐1(2

H

)‐Naphthalenone
Authors: Mizuno Masahiro , Yamano Mitsuhisa 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

6‐Amino‐3,4‐dihydro‐1(2
H
)‐naphthalenone, 6‐amino‐1‐tetralone

2‐Bromo‐2‐methylpropanamide

2‐Bromo‐2‐methylpropanoyl bromide

3,4‐Dihydro‐6‐hydroxy‐1(2
H
)‐naphthalenone, 6‐hydroxy‐1‐tetralone

2‐Methyl‐2‐[(5‐oxo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐2‐naphthalenyl)oxy]propanamide

2‐Hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐
N‐(
5‐oxo‐5,6,7,8,‐tetrahydro‐2‐naphthalenyl)propanamide
One‐Flask Synthesis of Methyl Arylvinyldiazoacetates and their Application in Enantioselective
C
‐
H
Functionalization: Synthesis of (

E

)‐Methyl 2‐Diazo‐4‐Phenylbut‐3‐Enoate and (

S
,
E

)‐Methyl 2‐((

R

)‐4‐Methyl‐1,2‐Dihydronaphthalen‐2‐
YL
)‐4‐Phenylbut‐3‐Enoate
Authors: Manning James R. , Davies Huw M. L. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

3‐Chloropropionic acid

Triphenylphosphine

2‐Carboxyethyltriphenylphosphonium chloride

Iodomethane

Magnesium

Alpha‐Tetrakone

1‐Methyl‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalene

(
E
)‐Methyl 2‐azo‐4‐phenylbut‐3‐enoate

Benzaldehyde

Potassium
tert
‐butoxide

Dimethyl sulfate

p
‐Acetoamidobenzenesulfonyl azide

DBU

(
S,E
)‐Methyl 2‐(R‐4‐methyl‐1,2‐dihydronaphthalen‐2‐yl)‐4‐phenylbut‐3‐enoate

Rh2(
S
‐DOSP)4
Light Harvesting by a Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Chromophore
Authors: Inagaki Shinji , Ohtani Osamu , Goto Yasutomo , Okamoto Kentaro , Ikai Masamichi , Yamanaka Ken‐ichi , Tani Takao , Okada Tadashi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLicht‐Aquädukt: Periodische mesoporöse Organosilicate absorbieren wegen der dichtgepackten organischen Chromophore in den Porenwänden Licht sehr stark. Die durch 125 Biphenylgruppen in den Porenwänden absorbierte Lichtenergie wird mit fast 100 % Quantenausbeute zu einem einzigen Cumarin‐1‐Molekül in den Mesokanälen geleitet, was eine signifikante Erhöhung der Emission des Cumarin‐1‐Farbstoffs zur Folge hat.magnified image
In Situ Formation of Diazonium Salts from Nitro Precursors for Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Patterning of Surfaces
Authors: Cougnon Charles , Gohier Frédéric , Bélanger Daniel , Mauzeroll Janine 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSpitzenchemie: Die In‐situ‐Herstellung von Diazoniumsalzen aus Nitroverbindungen ermöglicht es, Diazoniumchemie zur mikroelektrochemischen Bildung von Oberflächenmustern durch elektrochemische Rastersondenmikroskopie zu nutzen. Die Nitrovorstufe wird an der Spitze zum Amin reduziert, das während seiner Diffusion zur Oberfläche diazotiert wird (siehe Bild). Die Spitze wirkt als eine Quelle von Diazoniumsalzen, die eine Probenderivatisierung direkt unterhalb der Spitze ermöglicht.magnified image
Vielfältige Reaktivitäten: aktuelle Entwicklungen bei metallkatalysierten Alkinreaktionen
Authors: Anaya de Parrodi Cecilia , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWas Alkine alles können: Dank entscheidender Fortschritte bei metallkatalysierten Alkinreaktionen konnte der präparative Nutzen von Alkinen in letzter Zeit deutlich erhöht werden. Damit ist nun ein breiteres Spektrum von Alkinen durch C‐N‐ und C‐C‐Bindungsbildung zugänglich, und darüber hinaus wurde gezeigt, dass difunktionelle Heterodimetallkatalysatoren zu neuen Reaktivitäten und hervorragenden Enantioselektivitäten führen können (siehe Schema).magnified image
Non‐Hydrolyzable RNA–Peptide Conjugates: A Powerful Advance in the Synthesis of Mimics for 3′‐Peptidyl tRNA Termini
Authors: Moroder Holger , Steger Jessica , Graber Dagmar , Fauster Katja , Trappl Krista , Marquez Viter , Polacek Norbert , Wilson Daniel N. , Micura Ronald 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDie Translation kleiner Peptideam Ribosom kann diesem eine Resistenz gegen Macrolidantibiotika verleihen. Zur Aufklärung dieses und ähnlicher Phänomene sind stabile RNA‐Peptid‐Konjugate, die Peptidyl‐tRNA imitieren, wünschenswert, besonders für die strukturbiologische Untersuchung von Ribosomen. Eine flexible Festphasensynthesestrategie macht diese Konjugate nun in effizienter Weise zugänglich, ohne Beschränkungen bezüglich der RNA‐ und Peptidsequenz.magnified image
Oriented Monolayer Film of Gd2O3:0.05 Eu Crystallites: Quasi‐Topotactic Transformation of the Hydroxide Film and Drastic Enhancement of Photoluminescence Properties
Authors: Hu Linfeng , Ma Renzhi , Ozawa Tadashi C. , Sasaki Takayoshi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCaught on film: A semitransparent and intensely luminescent monolayer film of oriented Gd2O3:0.05 Eu platelet crystallites is fabricated by annealing the precursor hydroxide film (see scheme). The photoluminescence properties of the as‐transformed film are greatly improved over those of the hydroxide film, and are much more pronounced than those of the corresponding Gd2O3:0.05 Eu powder.magnified image
In Situ Formation of Diazonium Salts from Nitro Precursors for Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Patterning of Surfaces
Authors: Cougnon Charles , Gohier Frédéric , Bélanger Daniel , Mauzeroll Janine 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGive me a tip: In situ production of diazonium salts from nitro compounds allows the use of diazonium chemistry for microelectrochemical patterning of surfaces by scanning electrochemical microscopy. The nitro precursor is reduced at the tip to the amine, which is diazotized in the interelectrode space as it diffuses (see picture). The tip acts as a source of diazonium salts, allowing sample derivatization just beneath the tip.magnified image
Response expectancies: a psychological mechanism of suggested and placebo analgesia
Authors: Milling Leonard S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractResponse expectancies, or the expectation of one's own non‐volitional reactions to situational cues, are hypothesized to be a psychological mechanism of both hypnotic and placebo responding (Kirsch, 1990). In this study, response expectancies were evaluated as a mediator of suggested and placebo analgesia using Baron and Kenny's (1986) classic method of testing mediation. One hundred and seventy‐two volunteers were randomly assigned to hypnotic analgesia suggestion, imaginative analgesia suggestion, placebo analgesia, or no‐treatment control conditions. The hypnotic, imaginative and placebo treatments were more effective than the no‐treatment control condition in relieving finger pressure pain. The hypnotic treatment was also more effective than the placebo. Each of the three treatments was partially mediated by response expectancies, although the percentage of mediation varied across the hypnotic (25%), imaginative (29%) and placebo (41%) conditions. The findings support the position that response expectancies are one of the major psychological mechanisms of suggested and placebo analgesia. Copyright © 2009 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of Spouted Bed Dryers
Authors: Corrêa Nivaldo A. , Costa Carlos E. S. , Corrêal Ronaldo G. , Freire José T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDuring the last 8 years, the Drying Center at Universidade Federal de São Carlos has been investigating the control problems of drying process of pasty materials associated with the spouted bed dryer. Starting with structures involving PI controller, we also implemented advanced MPC control techniques and real time optimization (this last one based on simulations only). Different control structures were implemented in a pilot spouted bed dryer where the behavior of the system was tested for water and homogenized chicken eggs. Based on promising results, the perspective is to use an adequate control system in a spouted bed scale‐up.
Parallelizing secure linear programming
Authors: Deitos Rafael , Kerschbaum Florian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractInformation sharing in supply chain management can dramatically improve the performance of the supply chain. Although many such problems can be modeled and efficiently solved using linear programming (LP), security requirements prevent their implementation in the traditional way. Companies are simply reluctant to exchange such sensitive information. Secure multi‐party computation can help by realizing protocols with guaranteed security. However, efficiency is a major concern. Parallel computing presents an opportunity to improve performance utilizing inherent parallel secure operations. This work focuses on practical approaches to privacy preserving parallel protocols for collaborative LP. First, it theoretically compares the approach of parallelizing a secure algorithm and securing a parallel algorithm. Their complexity being equal we implemented the simpler choice: parallelizing a secure algorithm. Different synchronization methods for the implementation are compared under different network conditions. Given the best implementation, the performance is almost independent of the network conditions, but parallelization, i.e. number of threads, needs to be adapted to such conditions. We present and evaluate an adaptive scheduling algorithm for the dynamic selection of the number of threads, such that it's not necessary to statically and up‐front determine the number for optimal speed‐up. The algorithm can even deal with varying network conditions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spam filtering for network traffic security on a multi‐core environment
Authors: Islam Rafiqul , Zhou Wanlei , Xiang Yang , Mahmood Abdun Naser 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper presents an innovative fusion‐based multi‐classifier e‐mail classification on a ubiquitous multi‐core architecture. Many previous approaches used text‐based single classifiers to identify spam messages from a large e‐mail corpus with some amount of false positive tradeoffs. Researchers are trying to prevent false positive in their filtering methods, but so far none of the current research has claimed zero false positive results. In e‐mail classification false positive can potentially cause serious problems for the user. In this paper, we use fusion‐based multi‐classifier classification technique in a multi‐core framework. By running each classifier process in parallel within their dedicated core, we greatly improve the performance of our multi‐classifier‐based filtering system in terms of running time, false positive rate, and filtering accuracy. Our proposed architecture also provides a safeguard of user mailbox from different malicious attacks. Our experimental results show that we achieved an average of 30% speedup at an average cost of 1.4 ms. We also reduced the instances of false positives, which are one of the key challenges in a spam filtering system, and increases e‐mail classification accuracy substantially compared with single classification techniques. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoinduced Nonadiabatic Dynamics of 9H‐Guanine
Authors: Lan Zhenggang , Fabiano Eduardo , Thiel Walter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSurface‐hopping simulations are used to study the nonradiative relaxation of 9H‐guanine. Two distinct S1→S0 (ππ*→gs) decay channels, both of which pass through a conical intersection (CI), are found to be responsible for the experimentally observed double‐decay behavior (see schematic diagram).magnified imageThe photoinduced nonadiabatic decay dynamics of 9H‐guanine is investigated by surface‐hopping calculations at the semiempirical OM2/MRCI level of theory. Following excitation, fast internal conversion from the ππ* (La) excited state to the ground state is observed within 800 fs. Relaxation proceeds through two distinct S1→S0 pathways. The first channel goes through a conical intersection with pronounced out‐of‐plane displacement of the C2 atom and yields ultrafast decay with a time constant of 190 fs. The second channel evolves through a conical intersection with strong out‐of‐plane distortion of the amino group and leads to slower decay with a lifetime of 400 fs. These decay mechanisms and the computed decay times are consistent with the available experimental evidence and previous theoretical studies.