bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptance of food allergic children in Japanese childcare facilities
Authors: Shimazaki Keiko , Tsukasaki Keiko , Kyota Kaoru , Itatani Tomoya 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Food allergy management systems are important for childcare facilities to accept children with food allergies prescribed epinephrine (epinephrine-treated children). The relationship between the food allergy management system of a childcare facility and the willingness of children attending the facility to accept epinephrine is unclear. We believe that childcare facilities that cooperate with local health and medical institutions are more willing to accept children receiving epinephrine.

Objective:
This study aimed to clarify the actual situation of epinephrine acceptance in children attending childcare facilities across Japan and the factors associated with their willingness to accept them.

Methods:
Between May and June 2021, 686 childcare facilities across Japan were selected and surveyed. To analyze the factors related to the willingness to accept epinephrine children attending childcare facilities, the facilities were classified into 2 groups, “willingness to accept” and “no willingness to accept,” and their attributes and characteristics, food allergy management system, cooperation with relevant organizations and ability to cooperate were compared by univariate analysis.

Results:
A questionnaire-based survey of 162 centers revealed that 18.2% of the centers had accepted children receiving epinephrine and 74.7% were willing to accept them. There was a significant association between the willingness to accept epinephrine in children and satisfaction with the food allergy management system, availability of childcare consulting agencies, and ability to work with healthcare organizations, which differed.

Conclusion:
The results highlight the importance of strengthening the management system of facilities and cooperating with relevant institutions for epinephrine children to live safely in the community.
Enhanced IL-37-IL-1R8 axis is negatively associated with inflammatory and clinical severity of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Zhang Jia , Cao Yujie , Chen Kun , Hu Xianting , Zhou Chun , Li Lei , Han Miaomiao , Wang Dehui , Li Huabin 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The importance of IL-37 and downstream signal in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) demanding further investigation.

Objective:
We sought to address the potential importance of the IL-37-IL-1R8 axis in regulating inflammatory response in patients with CRSwNP.

Methods:
Nasal polyp (NP) tissues and control sinonasal tissues were obtained from adult CRSwNP, chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps patients and healthy control subjects. The mRNA and protein levels of IL-37 and IL-1R8 in nasal tissues were examined by using quantitative PCR, immunohistochemical staining, and immunoblotting. In addition, the regulation of IL-1R8 expression was evaluated in human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) in the presence of different stimuli.

Results:
The mRNA and protein levels of IL-37 and IL-1R8 were significantly elevated in nasal polyps compared with that in control tissues. IL-37 and IL-1R8 were mainly distributed in the epithelial layer and lamina propria of tissues. IL-1R8 mRNA level in nasal polys was negatively associated with eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration, as well as endoscopic score and computed tomography score. Moreover, the mRNA expression of IL-1R8 in HNECs was significantly increased by toll-like receptor agonists, but significantly inhibited by proinflammatory cytokines, which can be rescued by using steroid (DEX).

Conclusion:
Our findings showed that enhanced IL-37-IL-1R8 axis in NP tissues was negatively associated with inflammatory and clinical severity of CRSwNP patients, which could be considered as a future therapeutic target in CRSwNP patients.
Morphological and Histological Description of Spiny Dogfishshark Liver, Squalusacanthais(Linnaeus,1758),Elasmobranchii,Squaliformes
Authors: Elfagi Nagla A. 
Published: June 2024

The current study describes the morphological and histological appearance of the liver of the spiny dogfish Squalusacanthais, which is classified as Class: Chondrichthyes, Subclass: Elasmobranchi. Morphologically, the liver was observed as large, and consists of two symmetrical lobes connected from the upper side, and the gallbladder was observed in the right lobe. Histologically, liver sections were prepared with H&E stain, and examined with a light microscope. Hepatic parenchyma was surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue and primarily composed of hepatocytes. The nuclei of these cells were observed at the terminal site, with lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Central veins were observed, surrounded by connective tissue and lined with a squamous epithelial layer. Hepatocytes were, separated by numerous blood sinusoids with connective tissue. Blood arteries were observed, surrounded by thick muscular fiber walls and narrow lumens compared to veins. The portal vein was observed, along with the artery and bile duct, surrounded by a thick connective tissue. The bile duct was surrounded by a layer of muscular fibers, lined with a simple columnar epithelial layer with clear nuclei, and a connective tissue layer. Melanin-containing cells were observed, but no hepatic lobules or connective tissue were seen between them. Additionally, Hepato-pancreatic tissue was not identified.
Preliminary Study on Ecto and Endoparasites of the Black Rats (Rattus Rattus) in Benghazi City
Authors: Fadiel Mahmoud , Elsenussi Doaa , Abdulwahid Anees 
Published: June 2024

Forty-five adult trapped black rats (Rattus rattus), 24 males and 21 females, were dissected and examined in this study for ecto and endoparasites. Three ectoparasites were detected, namely, the flea (Xenopsallya cheopis), mites (Ornithonyssus bacoti), and tick (Ixodes spp) with 48.9%, 13.3%, and 2.2% respectively. Meanwhile, many species of endoparasites were: Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (73.3%), Entamoeba coli (31.3%), Blastocystis hominus (8.9%), Giardia lamblia (15.6), Chilomastix sp. (4.4%), a coccidia sp. (13.3%), Hymenolips nana (2.2%), Hymenolips diminuta (44.4%), and Taenia taeniaformis (6.7%), and Moniliformis moniliformis (2.2%). Of all examined rats, 97.8 % (44/45) were found to harbor at least one parasite species with no significant differences between body weight, body length, and gender of the host with the prevalence of parasite species. Multiple infections occurred at six species per rat with different combinations of parasite infections. These results are the first records of the parasitic fauna of R. rattus in the Benghazi area.
Assessment of Content Cations Present in Groundwater Samples Collected from Wells of Ajdabya City and its Environs
Authors: Eltwati Amal. S. , Elgaddi M.H. 
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was aimed to evaluate the quality of the drinking water in fifteen wells for Ajdabya City and its surrounding areas in Libya by measuring the conductivity, total dissolved solids, major calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium(K+), lithium(Li+) and total hardness (TH) in the groundwater. According to this study, the conductivity, total dissolved solids, and cation concentrations were rose in the majority of the groundwater samples except in forth wall of Zuwaytinah area, which was in limiting value (EC = 770), (TDS =340), (TH =360), (Ca2+ =160). Meanwhile rest the chemical analysis were higher than limiting value (Na+= 390), (k+ 60) and (Li+ =60) when compared to the WHO and Libyan drinking water standards.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF PERSONNEL ATTRACTION PROCESSES AT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Шелестов Н.В. , Коваженков М.А. 
Published: June 2024

В данной статье рассмотрены современные подходы к управлению персоналом, произведен анализ эффективности существующих методов и предложены рекомендации по оптимизации процессов привлечения работников в условиях современного промышленного производства. Целью исследования является разработка теоретико-методических подходов к формированию и развитию технологии привлечения персонала и ее практической реализации с учетом существующих методов, отвечающих требованиям современной экономики. В результате исследования получены выводы, что для повышения эффективности привлечения персонала на промышленных предприятиях необходимо внедрение современных подходов и адаптация методов управления под требования рынка труда. Создание привлекательного образа работодателя, включая активное продвижение корпоративной культуры, условий труда и возможностей карьерного роста, значительно повышает конкурентоспособность предприятия. Использование цифровых технологий в рекрутинге, таких как автоматизированные системы и чат-боты, позволяет существенно сократить временные и финансовые затраты на поиск персонала: чат-боты автоматизируют первичный отбор резюме, отвечают на вопросы кандидатов и проводят видеоинтервью. Внедрение в практики управления персоналом реферальных программ стимулирует сотрудников привлекать новых квалифицированных кандидатов. Обосновано, что реализация данных мероприятий решает проблемы привлечения и удержания персонала, создавая устойчивую основу для долгосрочного развития предприятия.
This article examines modern approaches to personnel management, analyzes the effectiveness of existing methods and offers recommendations for optimizing the processes of attracting employees in modern industrial production. The purpose of the research is to develop theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation and development of technology for attracting personnel and its practical implementation, taking into account existing methods that meet the requirements of modern economics. As a result of the study, it was concluded that in order to increase the effectiveness of personnel recruitment in industrial enterprises, it is necessary to introduce modern approaches and adapt management methods to the requirements of the labor market. Creating an attractive image of an employer, including the active promotion of corporate culture, working conditions and career opportunities, significantly increases the competitiveness of the enterprise. The use of digital technologies in recruiting, such as automated systems and chatbots, can significantly reduce the time and financial costs of finding staff: chatbots automate the initial selection of resumes, answer candidates' questions and conduct video interviews. The introduction of referral programs into HR management practices encourages employees to attract new qualified candidates. It is proved that the implementation of these measures solves the problems of attracting and retaining staff, creating a stable basis for the long-term development of the enterprise.
C. Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPS Materi Dokumen Pribadi Dan Dokumen Keluarga Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Jigsaw Pada Siswa Kelas II SD Negeri Sidomukti Bungah Gresik Tahun Pelajaran 2018 / 2019
Authors: Widjajanto Bambang , Diana Fakhriyah Nur 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in social studies subjects through the use of the Jigsaw cooperative learning model.This research is a classroom action research conducted with 2 cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely: planning, implementation, observation, reflection. As the subject of this study were second grade students of SD Negeri Sidomukti Bungah Gresik with a total of 18 students. Data collection techniques used are test, observation, documentation. Tests for learning outcomes and observation data for teacher activity data.
The results of this study that have been carried out in two cycles by applying the Jigsaw cooperative learning model succeeded in improving student learning outcomes in social studies learning. This is evidenced by the increase in learning outcomes of class II Sidomukti Bungah Gresik Elementary School students who initially did not complete 10 students with classical completeness 44% to 4 students with 77% classical completeness.
Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that social studies learning in the Jigsaw type cooperative learning model in class II SD Negeri Sidomukti Bungung Gresik can improve student learning outcomes.

Keywords: Improvement, Learning Outcomes, Cooperative Type Jigsaw Model
G. Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar IPS Pada Kompetensi Dasar Perjuangan Tokoh Pejuang Pada Masa Penjajahan Belanda Melalui Model Jigsaw Pada Siswa Kelas V MI Darul Ulum Desa Toba Timur Kabupaten Sampang Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019
Authors: Busyairi AH. , Pahlevi Rizal 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
For most students in school, social studies are considered difficult subjects, although not a few enjoy this lesson. Many of the school students, especially elementary schools, are the basic level of all education that children will undergo complaining about social studies. They consider IPS as a difficult and tedious lesson. Moreover, if they get a score below the average. If this situation continues to the level of education, then, throughout their education they consider Ips to be the scariest lesson. In fact, IPS is actually an exciting lesson especially for elementary students.
In general, this activity aims to determine the role of the Jigsaw type cooperative learning model in improving the learning achievement of fifth grade students and to find out how the impact of using the Jigsaw type cooperative learning model on student achievement in social studies learning. The benefit of this activity is to provide information about the use of the Jigsaw type cooperative learning model in social studies learning.
To achieve the objectives set in the study used a descriptive qualitative method by using observational data analysis and social studies learning data to increase from the initial cycle to the second cycle. In the initial cycle = 59.4, Cycle I = 75.4, Cycle II = 79.04. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the Jigsaw type cooperative learning method in social studies learning can increase the fifth grade students of MI Darul Ulum, East Toba Village, Sokobanah District, Sampang Regency.

Keywords: Cooperative Model, Type Jigsaw
Efektifitas Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) di desa kalola Kecamatan Bambalamotu
Authors: Nasrullah Nasrullah , Irma Ade 
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas program keluarga harapan (PKH) di Desa Kalola Kecamatan Bambalamotu Kabupaten Pasangkayu. Penelitian ini sendiri menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian lapangan. Adapun Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Efektivitas Bantuan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) di Desa Kalola Kecamatan Bambalamotu Kabupaten Pasangkayu belum Efektif. Dilihat dari Indikator Keberhasilan Program karena pada Komponen Kesehatan tidak berjalan efektif hal ini disebabkan masyarakat Penerima Manfaat malas untuk mengikuti Kegiatan-Kegiatan yang ada di Komponen Kesehatan seperti ikut Posyandu bagi Keluarga Penerima Manfaat (KPM) yang mempunyai Balita dan Ikut melahirkan di Fasilitas terdekat. Kemudian pada aspek Keberhasilan Sasaran juga demikian karena masih banyak masyarakat yang kurang mampu belum mendapatkan bantuan Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH). Aspek Pencapaian Tujuan Menyeluruh karena tujuan dari Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) ini belum sepenuhnya tercapai secara keseluruhan, baik dari segi pemberi bantuan kepada masyarakat yang kurang mampu, ataupun tentang bantuanya yang sering bermasalah dan bahkan tidak cair sama sekali. Adapun dari segi Kepuasan terlihat bahwa indikator tersebut sudah berjalan Efektif karena Penerima Manfaat merasa terbantu dengan adanya Bantuan tersebut dan juga mereka telah menggunakan bantuan tersebut sesuai dengan Kebutuhan mereka sesuai dengan Komponenya masing-masing
Gaya Kepemimpinan Calon Presiden Pada Pilpres Tahun 2024
Authors: Srifridayanti Srifridayanti , Samkamaria Samkamaria 
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi gaya kepemimpinan calon presiden dalam pemilihan presiden Tahun 2024. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah literature review, yaitu metode yang sistematis, eksplisit, dan dapat direproduksi untuk mengidentifikasi, mengevaluasi, dan mensintesis penelitian dan ide-ide yang dihasilkan. Studi Literatur (literature review) merupakan metode penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti dengan mengumpulkan sejumlah buku-buku, majalah, tulisan, artikel ilmiah, atau jurnal yang berkaitan dengan penelitian. Teknik Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan beberapa tahapan, yaitu pencarian artikel berdasarkan topik garis besar, pengelompokkan artikel berdasarkan relevansi dengan topik dan tahun penelitian lalu pengurutan struktur penjelasan serta perbandingan data yang saling berhubungan. Untuk mengidentifikasi gaya kepemimpinan calon presiden dalam pemilihan presiden 2024, peneliti menggunakan indikator karakter dan gaya kepemimpinan yang terdiri atas gaya kepempimpnan karismatis, gaya otoriter, gaya demokratis, dan gaya kepemimpinan moralis. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ketiga calon presiden memiliki gaya kepemimpinan karismatik, demokratis, dan moralis. Anies baswedan Anies Baswedan menggunakan gaya kepemimpinan yang demokratis dan karismatik, ciri karakter Anies yaitu inovatif, sopan dan lembut dalam berkomunikasi. pada Prabowo Subianto memiliki karakter kepemimpinan karismatik dengan indikator karakter tegas, cerdas serta berwibawa. Pada Ganjar Pranowo mempunyai gaya demokratis serta moralis yaitu gaya kemampuan yang dapat mengarahkan dan menggerakan pengikut-pengikutnya.
Evaluation and Reduction of the Carbon Footprints Associated with Steviol Glycoside Production
Authors: Duangsong Jittra , Theerathammakorn Supawadee 
Published: June 2024

This study aims to evaluate the carbon footprint generated in each step of stevia sweetener (steviol glycosides) production and to find out how to reduce the impact of the sweetener's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In addition, a comparison of the carbon footprints of the sweetener and sucrose is included. A cradle-to-gate LCA was conducted on steviol glycosides (purified rebaudioside A, RA95) production in Thailand. The carbon footprint assessment method is based on the guidelines of the Food Institute, Ministry of Industry in Thailand, corresponding to ISO 14067 and PAS 2050. The study evaluates the carbon footprint by employing two sources of emission factors from the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organisation database for carbon footprint and OpenLCA Version 1.10.3 with eco-invent database Version 2.2 for comparing the carbon footprint and finding out other impacts. The result from OpenLCA reveals the impact on marine aquatic ecotoxicity, followed by the Depletion of abiotic resources and human toxicity. The results showed that a kilogram of the RA95 releases 32.07 kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent. The highest GHG emissions came from the raw material procurement process, with 53.01%, followed by production, support system, and material transportation, with 28.09%, 16.47%, and 2.43%, respectively. The three production steps with the highest GHG emissions were the second crystallization, the first crystallization, and the drying process, respectively. The RA95 release a carbon footprint 3.55 times lower than sucrose for the same level of sweetness. The recommendations to reduce the carbon footprint in production are to reduce natural gas usage by improving boiler efficiency and reduce electricity usage by installing an automatic shutdown system for cooling machines (chiller), depending on the production volume. The findings revealed a lower carbon footprint of 0.33 kgCO2eq per kilogram of product after improvement.
นวัตกรรมกระบวนการผลิตสู่การพัฒนาผลิตภัณฑ์ต้นแบบจากเส้นใยสับปะรด
Authors: พรหมมนตรี จุฑามาศ , ขวัญสุวรรณ วรสุดา , ชูศรี วารีพร , รัตนพันธ์ มณีรัตน์ , พฤกษ์รัตนนภา ธนกร , บุญโรจน์พงศ์ บุตรี , เทพนิมิต วรางคณา 
Published: June 2024

การทำวิจัยมีวัตถุประสงค์ 1. เพื่อพัฒนาผลิตภัณฑ์ต้นแบบจากเส้นใยสับปะรด 2. เพื่อทดสอบความพึงพอใจของผลิตภัณฑ์ต้นแบบจากเส้นใยสับปะรด เป็นการวิจัยแบบผสมผสานระหว่างการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณกับเชิงปฏิบัติการแบบมีส่วนร่วม ด้วยการจัดประชุมระดมความคิดเห็น (Focus Group) สำหรับการรับฟังข้อเสนอแนะผลิตภัณฑ์ตกแต่งบ้านจากเส้นใยสับปะรด จำนวนผู้เข้าร่วมประชุมทั้งสิ้น 41 คน เป็นผู้ที่มีส่วนได้ส่วนเสียทั้งในส่วนของภาครัฐ ภาคเอกชน และกลุ่มลูกค้าเป้าหมายในอนาคต การเก็บข้อมูลทดสอบตลาด ด้วยแบบสอบถามออนไลน์ มีประเด็นคำถาม 4 ด้าน ดังนี้ หน้าที่ใช้สอย ความสวยงาม ราคา และคุณค่าทางจิตใจ ผู้ตอบแบบสอบถามทั้งสิ้น 325 ราย ชาวต่างชาติ 22 ราย และชาวไทย 303 ราย ชุดสถิติที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล ได้แก่ การแจกแจงความถี่ ค่าร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน ผลการจัดประชุมระดมความคิดเห็น พบว่า การเพิ่มมูลค่าให้กับสินค้าในส่วนอื่นที่ไม่ใช่เส้นใยสับปะรดอย่างเดียว เช่นการสร้างแนวคิดของสินค้าให้น่าสนใจ โดยออกแบบผลิตภัณฑ์ อาจแบ่งตามกลุ่มอายุ ให้มีความหลากหลายใช้สินค้าจากผลิตภัณฑ์อื่นมาสร้างเรื่องราว หรือเพิ่มความแตกต่าง เช่น สินค้าหรือผลิตภัณฑ์ที่มีอัตลักษณ์เฉพาะพื้นที่ชุมชน ได้ผลิตภัณฑ์ต้นแบบเซตตกแต่งบ้าน 5 ผลิตภัณฑ์ (แจกัน โคมไฟ ผ้าม่าน วอลล์ เปเปอร์ ที่รองจานและแก้ว ข้อมูลความพึงพอใจของกลุ่มลูกค้าเป้าหมาย ทุกผลิตภัณฑ์มีระดับความพึงพอใจโดยรวมสูงระหว่าง 3.88 – 4.38 ที่ค่าส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐานระหว่าง 0.42 – 0.60
ชุมชนการค้า เมืองท่า และฐานกองเรือรบสยาม: ความสำคัญของ “ตรัง” สมัยอยุธยาตอนกลางถึงรัตนโกสินทร์ตอนต้น
Authors: นาคสีทอง พรชัย 
Published: June 2024

บทความวิชาการชิ้นนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาความสำคัญของตรังในฐานะชุมชนการค้า เมืองท่าและศูนย์กลางกองเรือรบหลวงของราชอาณาจักรสยามสมัยอยุธยาตอนกลางถึงรัตนโกสินทร์ตอนต้นที่ปรากฏในเอกสารทางประวัติศาสตร์ ประเภทบันทึก แผนที่ร่วมสมัย เอกสารท้องถิ่น บันทึกของนักเดินทางชาวต่างชาติและเอกสารของราชสำนักสยามโดยอาศัยระเบียบวิธีทางประวัติศาสตร์ ผลการศึกษาพบว่า บันทึก แผนที่ร่วมสมัยทั้งเอกสารท้องถิ่น บันทึกของนักเดินทางชาวต่างชาติและเอกสารของราชสำนักสยามแสดงให้เห็นว่าด้วยเงื่อนไขทางภูมิรัฐศาสตร์ของ “ตรัง” ที่ตั้งอยู่ในบริเวณชายทะเลฝั่งตะวันตกจึงมีส่วนสำคัญทำให้ “ตรัง” เป็นชุมชนการค้าและสถานีของการเดินเรือในบริเวณชายทะเลฝั่งตะวันตก และต่อมาในพุทธศตวรรษที่ 21 - 23 การค้าทางทะเลขยายตัวเพิ่มมากขึ้นจึงส่งผลให้ “ตรัง” กลายเป็นเมืองท่าและศูนย์กลางการค้าทางทะเลฝั่งตะวันตกของราชอาณาจักรสยาม และในขณะเดียวกัน สถานะของเมืองตรังจากเดิมที่เป็นเพียงหัวเมืองปลายด่านแดนก็กลายเป็นศูนย์กลางกองเรือรบของราชอาณาจักรสยาม
Analysis of phytochemicals and evaluation of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of Cissus javana
Authors: Hebbar Krishna , Kumar NKH , Nataraj K , Basavaraj GL , Prithviraj HS , Suresha NS , Parvathi GR , Hebbar Deepa R 
Published: June 2024

Cissus javana belongs to the family Vitaceae growing in tropical forests and was collected from the Western Ghats of Karnataka and subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. In the present study, different parts like the fruit stemand leaves of C. javanawere subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis in different solvent extracts, which revealed the presence of reducing compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, terpenoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, resins, phenol, and proteins. The methanolic fruit extract of the sample showed the presence of most of the phytochemicals when compared to leaves and stem extracts of different solvents. The methanolic fruit extract showed a total phenolic content of about 2.94 mg of GAE, which is followed by leaves and stem 2.57 and 2.01mg GAE/g respectively. Antioxidant activities of methanol extract showed dose-dependent activity, which increased with an increase in the concentration of the extract. Methanol fruit extract showed the highest free radical scavenging activity which was almost equal to the standard with the IC50 value of 4.925 where the IC50 value of ascorbic acid was found to be 3.389. The present investigation provides insights into the phytoconstituents and antioxidant activities of fruit stem and leaf extracts of C. javana, so it can be further subjected to purification of compounds that may act as an alternative for the current synthetic compounds that are used as pharmaceuticals.