bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pursuing Opacity: Geographies of Visibility in the Western Mediterranean
Authors: Martínez José Ciro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Moroccan and Spanish governments pursue the visibility of people and things. They observe and survey in order to codify, catalogue, classify, and calculate. Rather than trace the contours of such projects, this paper seeks to provoke a more sustained engagement with modes of errantry that confound their logics of command and control. Building on more than 18 months of multi‐sited ethnography, it explores how marginalised communities navigate unequal geographies of visibility. To do so, I revisit the work of Édouard Glissant and some of his interlocutors to contemplate fluctuating vectors of opacity amongst communities living in hashish trafficking hubs. Frequently stigmatised as violent criminals and indolent freeloaders—their itineraries effaced—inhabitants of La Atunara (Spain) and the central Rif (Morocco) grapple with detection and wrestle with capture. This paper explores these positionings without reading them as disarray or disorder but as purposeful refusals worthy of political reflection.
Pulmonary diseases in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma relative to a matched background population: A Danish national cohort study
Authors: Vandtved Julie Haugaard , Øvlisen Andreas Kiesbye , Baech Joachim , Weinrich Ulla Møller , Severinsen Marianne Tang , Maksten Eva Futtrup , Jakobsen Lasse Hjort , Glimelius Ingrid , Kamper Peter , Hutchings Martin , Specht Lena , Dahl‐Sørensen Rasmus , Christensen Jacob Haaber , El‐Galaly Tarec C. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryLate toxicities can impact survivorship in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) with pulmonary toxicity after bleomycin‐containing chemotherapy being a concern. The incidence of pulmonary diseases was examined in this Danish population‐based study. A total of 1474 adult patients with cHL treated with ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine) or BEACOPP (bleomycin, vincristine, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, procarbazine and prednisone) between 2000 and 2018 were included along with 7370 age‐ and sex‐matched comparators from the background population. Median follow‐up was 8.6 years for the patients. Patients with cHL had increased risk of incident pulmonary diseases (HR 2.91 [95% CI 2.30–3.68]), with a 10‐year cumulative risk of 7.4% versus 2.9% for comparators. Excess risks were observed for interstitial lung diseases (HR 15.84 [95% CI 9.35–26.84]) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR 1.99 [95% CI 1.43–2.76]), with a 10‐year cumulative risk of 4.1% and 3.5% respectively for patients. No excess risk was observed for asthma (HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.43–1.56]). Risk factors for interstitial lung diseases were age ≥60 years, the presence of B‐symptoms and low albumin. These findings document a significant burden of pulmonary diseases among patients with cHL and emphasize the importance of diagnostic work‐up of pulmonary symptoms.
Being close or being alone: How Social ostracism affects solitude preference
Authors: Pang Cheng , Wang Tulips Yiwen , Lin Jiali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSocial ostracism refers to the phenomenon of being excluded from social interactions and not being accepted by society. While previous research has examined its impact on prosocial and antisocial behaviour, few studies have investigated how individuals respond to ostracism by seeking solitude. Therefore, our study aims to explore the association between social ostracism and solitude seeking as well as the potential psychological mechanisms involved. We conducted three studies involving 488 Chinese students (59% female) and found that (a) long‐term ostracism experiences positively correlated with preference for solitude, (b) short‐term ostracism did not immediately lead to solitude seeking but increased the desire to establish new connections with others and (c) hostile assessment and negative emotions played a chain mediation role in the relationship between social ostracism and solitude seeking. These findings provide new insights and empirical evidence for understanding the relationship between social ostracism and solitude‐seeking.
International study of 24‐h movement behaviors of the early years (SUNRISE): A pilot study from Iran
Authors: Zarghani Najmeh Hamzavi , Jafari Zahra , Amini Fereshteh , Marashi Seiedeh Zahra , Ghaffarifar Saeideh , Ghofranipour Fazlollah , Baghbanian Mahroo , Okely Anthony D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the proportion of Iranian children who met the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years. Additionally, it investigated the feasibility and acceptability of the methods to be used in the SUNRISE study.MethodsThis pilot study was conducted among 83 children aged 3 and 4 years in preschools and health care centres in Iran, in 2022. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep (ActiGraph wGT3x‐BT); fine and gross motor skills (validated activities); and executive functions (the Early Years Toolbox) were assessed.ResultsOnly four (4.8%) children met all recommendations of the WHO guidelines. The proportion of children who met MVPA, TPA, screen time, restrained sitting and sleep were 44.6%, 38.6%, 19.3%, 38.6% and 65.1%, respectively. Fifty‐two (62.6%) children wore the ActiGraph for at least three full days. A total of 97.6%, 95.1% and 91.5% of children completed anthropometric, EF and motor skill assessments, respectively.ConclusionThis pilot study was feasible and acceptable among Iranian children. Regarding the low proportion of children who met the WHO guidelines, it is recommended that long‐term and practical strategies be developed to promote healthier lifestyles among preschool children in Iran.
FontCLIP: A Semantic Typography Visual‐Language Model for Multilingual Font Applications
Authors: Tatsukawa Yuki , Shen I‐Chao , Qi Anran , Koyama Yuki , Igarashi Takeo , Shamir Ariel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAcquiring the desired font for various design tasks can be challenging and requires professional typographic knowledge. While previous font retrieval or generation works have alleviated some of these difficulties, they often lack support for multiple languages and semantic attributes beyond the training data domains. To solve this problem, we present FontCLIP – a model that connects the semantic understanding of a large vision‐language model with typographical knowledge. We integrate typography‐specific knowledge into the comprehensive vision‐language knowledge of a pretrained CLIP model through a novel finetuning approach. We propose to use a compound descriptive prompt that encapsulates adaptively sampled attributes from a font attribute dataset focusing on Roman alphabet characters. FontCLIP's semantic typographic latent space demonstrates two unprecedented generalization abilities. First, FontCLIP generalizes to different languages including Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK), capturing the typographical features of fonts across different languages, even though it was only finetuned using fonts of Roman characters. Second, FontCLIP can recognize the semantic attributes that are not presented in the training data. FontCLIP's dual‐modality and generalization abilities enable multilingual and cross‐lingual font retrieval and letter shape optimization, reducing the burden of obtaining desired fonts.
Prognostic utility of blood inflammation biomarkers before and after treatment on the survival of patients with locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Fang Fang , Jia Zhen , Xie Hongliang , Cao Yangsen , Zhu Xiaofei , Yang Xiao Yu , Guo Xueling , Zhang Huojun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were significant and succinct indicators of systemic inflammation. We assessed the influence of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) on NLR and PLR in patients with locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (LA‐NSCLC).MethodsWe reviewed the medical data of patients with LA‐NSCLC who underwent SBRT between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018. NLR and PLR values recorded at pre‐ and post‐SBRT were examined. We assessed the correlation between pre/post‐SBRT NLR and PLR and survival outcomes. The decision tree evaluation was conducted using Chi‐square automatic detection.ResultsIn total, 213 patients were included in the study with a median follow‐up duration of 40.00 (ranging from 5.28 to 100.70) months. Upon dichotomization by a median, we identified that post‐SBRT NLR > 5.5 and post‐SBRT PLR > 382.0 were negatively associated with shorter overall survival (OS). In the multivariate assessment, post‐SBRT PLR > 382.0 was the only factor. Based on post‐SBRT PLR, tumor locations, and tumor stage, we categorized patients into low, medium, or high‐risk groups.ConclusionsPost‐SBRT PLR > 382.0 correlated with survival in patients undergoing SBRT. The decision tree model might play a role in future risk stratification to guide the clinical practice of individualized SBRT for LA‐NSCLC.
Clinical characteristics of persistent or recurrent pneumonia combined with airway malacia in children
Authors: Li Zhuxia , Zhang Xinxing , Sun Huiquan , Hao Chuangli , Shao Xuejun , Xu Jun , Zhang Xin , Wang Yuqing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics and pathogens involved in persistent or recurrent pneumonia combined with airway malacia in children.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the information of children hospitalised with persistent or recurrent pneumonia, including clinical presentations, laboratory examination results and pathogens.ResultsA total of 554 patients were admitted, 285 (51.44%) of whom were found to have airway malacia. There were 78 (27.37%), 166 (58.25%) and 41 (14.39%) patients with mild, moderate and severe malacia, respectively. Patients with airway malacia were younger than those without malacia (6.0 vs. 12.0 months, p < 0.01) and were more likely to present with wheezing (75.07%), fever (34.39%), dyspnoea (28.77%), cyanosis (13.68%) and wheezing in the lungs (78.95%). The incidence of preterm delivery, oxygen therapy, paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and mechanical ventilation was higher, and the hospital stay (11.0 vs. 10.0 days, p = 0.04) was longer in these patients than in those without malacia. Patients with severe airway malacia were more likely to undergo oxygen therapy, PICU admission, mechanical ventilation and have multiple malacia than were those with mild or moderate malacia. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (30.18%) was the most common pathogen.ConclusionSevere airway malacia likely aggravates conditions combined with pneumonia. The proportion of multisite malacia was greater in severe airway malacia patients.
Calculating functional diversity metrics using neighbor‐joining trees
Authors: Cardoso Pedro , Guillerme Thomas , Mammola Stefano , Matthews Thomas J. , Rigal Francois , Graco‐Roza Caio , Stahls Gunilla , Carlos Carvalho Jose 
Published: April 2024

The study of functional diversity (FD) provides ways to understand phenomena as complex as community assembly or the dynamics of biodiversity change under multiple pressures. Different frameworks are used to quantify FD, either based on dissimilarity matrices (e.g. Rao entropy, functional dendrograms) or multidimensional spaces (e.g. convex hulls, kernel‐density hypervolumes), each with their own strengths and limits. Frameworks based on dissimilarity matrices either do not enable the measurement of all components of FD (i.e. richness, divergence, and regularity), or result in the distortion of the functional space. Frameworks based on multidimensional spaces do not allow for comparisons with phylogenetic diversity (PD) measures and can be sensitive to outliers.We propose the use of neighbor‐joining trees (NJ) to represent and quantify FD in a way that combines the strengths of current frameworks without many of their weaknesses. Importantly, our approach is uniquely suited for studies that compare FD with PD, as both share the use of trees (NJ or others) and the same mathematical principles.We test the ability of this novel framework to represent the initial functional distances between species with minimal functional space distortion and sensitivity to outliers. The results using NJ are compared with conventional functional dendrograms, convex hulls, and kernel‐density hypervolumes using both simulated and empirical datasets.Using NJ, we demonstrate that it is possible to combine much of the flexibility provided by multidimensional spaces with the simplicity of tree‐based representations. Moreover, the method is directly comparable with taxonomic diversity (TD) and PD measures, and enables quantification of the richness, divergence and regularity of the functional space.
On feeling unable to continue as oneself
Authors: Ratcliffe Matthew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper sets out a phenomenological account of what it is to feel unable to continue as oneself. I distinguish the feeling that a particular identity has become unsustainable from a sense that the world has ceased to offer the kinds of possibilities required to sustain any such identity. In feeling unable to continue as oneself, possibilities may remain for carrying on in practically meaningful ways but not as who one is or was. I reflect on the kinds of self and feeling involved in such experiences, emphasizing the essential openness of self‐experience to transformative possibilities and the dynamic structure of feeling. To illustrate and further develop my approach, I turn to experiences of grief.
Clinical prediction models for treatment outcomes in newly diagnosed epilepsy: A systematic review
Authors: Ratcliffe Corey , Pradeep Vishnav , Marson Anthony , Keller Simon S. , Bonnett Laura J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUp to 35% of individuals diagnosed with epilepsy continue to have seizures despite treatment, commonly referred to as drug‐resistant epilepsy. Uncontrolled seizures can directly, or indirectly, negatively impact an individual's quality of life. To inform clinical management and life decisions, it is important to be able to predict the likelihood of seizure control. Those likely to achieve seizure control will be able to return sooner to their usual work and leisure activities and require less follow‐up, whereas those with a poor prognosis will need more frequent clinical attendance and earlier consideration of epilepsy surgery. This is a systematic review aimed at identifying demographic, clinical, physiological (e.g., electroencephalographic), and imaging (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging) factors that may be predictive of treatment outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy (NDE). MEDLINE and Embase were searched for prediction models of treatment outcomes in patients with NDE. Study characteristics were extracted and subjected to assessment of risk of bias (and applicability concerns) using the PROBAST (Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool) tool. Baseline variables associated with treatment outcomes are reported as prognostic factors. After screening, 48 models were identified in 32 studies, which generally scored low for concerns of applicability, but universally scored high for susceptibility to bias. Outcomes reported fit broadly into four categories: drug resistance, short‐term treatment response, seizure remission, and mortality. Prognostic factors were also heterogenous, but the predictors that were commonly significantly associated with outcomes were those related to seizure characteristics/types, epilepsy history, and age at onset. Antiseizure medication response was often included as a baseline variable, potentially obscuring other factor relationships at baseline. Currently, outcome prediction models for NDE demonstrate a high risk of bias. Model development could be improved with a stronger adherence to recommended TRIPOD (Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis) practices. Furthermore, we outline actionable changes to common practices that are intended to improve the overall quality of prediction model development in NDE.
Multilineage involvement in KMT2A‐rearranged B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: cell‐of‐origin, biology, and clinical implications
Authors: Aypar Umut , Dilip Deepika , Gadde Ramya , Londono Dory M , Liu Ying , Gao Qi , Geyer Mark B , Derkach Andriy , Zhang Yanming , Glass Jacob L , Roshal Mikhail , Xiao Wenbin 
Published: April 2024

AimsB lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma (B‐ALL) is thought to originate from Pro/Pre‐B cells and the genetic aberrations largely reside in lymphoid‐committed cells. A recent study demonstrated that a proportion of paediatric B‐ALL patients have BCR::ABL1 fusion in myeloid cells, suggesting a chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)‐like biology in this peculiar subset of B‐ALL, although it is not entirely clear if the CD19‐negative precursor compartment is a source of the myeloid cells. Moreover, the observation has not yet been extended to other fusion‐driven B‐ALLs.Methods and resultsIn this study we investigated a cohort of KMT2A‐rearranged B‐ALL patients with a comparison to BCR::ABL1‐rearranged B‐ALL by performing cell sorting via flow cytometry followed by FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) analysis on each of the sorted populations. In addition, RNA sequencing was performed on one of the sorted populations. These analyses showed that (1) multilineage involvement was present in 53% of BCR::ABL1 and 36% of KMT2A‐rearranged B‐ALL regardless of age, (2) multilineage involvement created pitfalls for residual disease monitoring, and (3) HSPC transcriptome signatures were upregulated in KMT2A‐rearranged B‐ALL with multilineage involvement.ConclusionsIn summary, multilineage involvement is common in both BCR::ABL1‐rearranged and KMT2A‐rearranged B‐ALL, which should be taken into consideration when interpreting the disease burden during the clinical course.
Thioredoxin promotes the regeneration and binding of elastic fibre and basement membrane
Authors: Tohgasaki Takeshi , Nishizawa Shino , Yu Xingyu , Kondo Shinya , Ishiwatari Shioji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThioredoxin (TRX), a ubiquitous protein with strong antioxidant activity, decreases in the skin with age. A decrease in TRX is expected to induce cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and degeneration and loss of extracellular matrix (ECM), such as collagen and elastin within the skin. In this study, we investigated the effects of TRX addition to excised skin or skin models to understand the role of TRX on cells and ECM within the skin.MethodsTo evaluate its effect on skin cells, we cultured a three‐dimensional (3D) skin model in a medium containing TRX. The mRNA expression levels of proteins related to elastic and collagen fibres and the basement membrane were determined. Furthermore, 3D imaging and computational analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of TRX on the elastic fibres and extending COL VII structures in excised human skin after coculturing with TRX for 1, 4, 5 and 6 days.ResultsThioredoxin application to a 3D skin model upregulated elastin, COLI and COLVII mRNA expression. Applying TRX to the excised skin increased the number of linear elastic fibres. This effect of TRX demonstrated a daily increment in a dose‐dependent manner. Thioredoxin extended the fibrous structure of COL VII into the dermis, expanding its colocalization region with elastic fibres. These structural effects were confirmed using 3D imaging and computational methods.ConclusionThioredoxin elongates elastic fibres from the dermis to the basement membrane and extends the COL VII structure from the basement membrane to the dermis in excised human skin. These findings suggest the potential of TRX to protect the skin against age‐related alterations such as wrinkles and sagging.
FG‐4592 protected haematopoietic system from ionising radiation in mice
Authors: Wang Yuedong , Cheng Ying , Zhang Pei , Huang Daqian , Zhai Xuanlu , Feng Zhenlan , Fang Duo , Liu Cong , Du Jicong , Cai Jianming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIonising radiation exposure can lead to acute haematopoietic radiation syndrome. Despite significant advancements in the field of radioprotection, no drugs with high efficacy and low toxicity have yet been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. FG‐4592, as a proline hydroxylase inhibitor, may play an important role in radioprotection of the haematopoietic system. Mice were peritoneal injected with FG‐4592 or normal saline. After irradiation, the survival time, body weight, peripheral blood cell and bone marrow cell (BMC) count, cell apoptosis, pathology were analysed and RNA‐sequence technique (RNA‐Seq) was conducted to explore the mechanism of FG‐4592 in the haematopoietic system. Our results indicated that FG‐4592 improved the survival rate and weight of irradiated mice and protected the spleen, thymus and bone marrow from IR‐induced injury. The number of BMCs was increased and protected against IR‐induced apoptosis. FG‐4592 also promoted the recovery of the blood system and erythroid differentiation. The results of RNA‐Seq and Western blot showed that the NF‐κB signalling pathway and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) signalling pathway were upregulated by FG‐4592. Meanwhile, RT‐PCR results showed that FG‐4592 could promote inflammatory response significantly. FG‐4592 exhibited radioprotective effects in the haematopoietic system by promoting inflammatory response and targeting the NF‐κB, HIF signalling pathway.
From not knowing to doing: An interprofessional approach to clinician training in use of Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) as a recovery‐oriented outcome measure in a rural mental health service
Authors: Furlanetto Kate , Khopade Rajlaxmi , Phutane Vivek , Bhat Ravi , Stolee Paul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOutcome measurement and feedback are key to quality improvement in healthcare. Goal attainment scaling (GAS) is a tool that could be used to measure outcomes of mental health services delivering recovery‐oriented care. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of tailored, interprofessional, multilevel and adaptable GAS training on clinician views, learning, competence, performance and confidence in the use of GAS. Thematic analysis of eight clinician participant views was done using the method proposed by Braun and Clarke (Thematic analysis: a practical guide to understanding and doing, 2022). Four main themes were generated: clinicians found that this type of training is useful, GAS influenced the way they thought about their roles in goal setting and recovery‐oriented care and COVID‐19 pandemic impacts. Furthermore, clinicians' skills to set scalable GAS goals with consumers and clinician confidence in using GAS improved. The results of this study show a positive impact of tailored, interprofessional, multilevel and adaptable training supporting development of clinician skills in the GAS process. The training design had a favourable effect on clinician views, learning, competence, performance and confidence of GAS as a recovery‐oriented outcome measure. The approach to GAS training and use of GAS as a recovery‐oriented outcome measure should be considered in response to mental health service reform.