bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Hematoma on Capsular Contracture: A Comparative Study of Smooth and Textured Implants in a Miniature Pig Model
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Lin Yan , Li Haoran , Mu Dali 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Capsular contracture is a significant complication following mammaplasty, with varying incidence rates and symptoms. The etiology of capsular contracture is multifactorial, with postoperative hematoma recognized as a potential contributing factor.

Objectives
In this study we aimed to investigate the impact of postoperative hematoma on capsular contracture following mammaplasty, utilizing pig models and modified biomechanical testing. We sought to compare the severity of capsular contracture between smooth and textured implants in the presence of hematoma, assess the biomechanical properties of the capsules, and explore the histological and molecular changes associated with the condition.

Methods
The study involved 5 female miniature pigs, implanted with both smooth and textured implants. Hematoma models were established, and various methods were employed to evaluate the impact of the prosthesis surface and hematoma on capsular contracture, including ultrasound assessment, biomechanical tests, scanning electron microscopy, histological analysis, and transcriptome sequencing.

Results
Capsules in hematoma groups were classified as Baker III/IV, with significantly unfavorable thickness, elastic modulus, and relaxation and creep amounts compared to nonhematoma groups. Smooth implants under hematoma conditions exhibited increased muscle content and biomechanical strength of the capsule. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted differential gene expression related to muscle development and contraction in smooth implants with hematomas.

Conclusions
Hematomas increase the risk of capsular contracture, with smooth implants exacerbating this effect by enhancing pathways related to muscle development and contraction. This underscores the importance of hematoma prevention and treatment strategies, particularly when placing smooth implants, to minimize the occurrence of capsular contracture. The study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying capsular contracture and offers evidence to guide surgical and postoperative management strategies.
Helpers show plasticity in their responses to breeder turnover
Authors: Ausband David E , Bassing Sarah B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nonbreeding helpers can greatly improve the survival of young and the reproductive fitness of breeders in many cooperatively breeding species. Breeder turnover, in turn, can have profound effects on dispersal decisions made by helpers. Despite its importance in explaining group size and predicting the population demography of cooperative breeders, our current understanding of how individual traits influence animal behavior after disruptions to social structure is incomplete particularly for terrestrial mammals. We used 12 yr of genetic sampling and group pedigrees of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Idaho, USA, to ask questions about how breeder turnover affected the apparent decisions by mature helpers (≥2-yr-old) to stay or leave a group over a 1-yr time interval. We found that helpers showed plasticity in their responses to breeder turnover. Most notably, helpers varied by sex and appeared to base dispersal decisions on the sex of the breeder that was lost as well. Male and female helpers stayed in a group slightly more often when there was breeder turnover of the same sex, although males that stayed were often recent adoptees in the group. Males, however, appeared to remain in a group less often when there was breeding female turnover likely because such vacancies were typically filled by related females from the males’ natal group (i.e. inbreeding avoidance). We show that helpers exploit instability in the breeding pair to secure future breeding opportunities for themselves. The confluence of breeder turnover, helper sex, and dispersal and breeding strategies merge to influence group composition in gray wolves.
Does sentinel presence improve foraging success? A study in a cooperative breeder
Authors: Ostreiher Roni , Mundry Roger , Heifetz Aviad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In various cooperative breeding species, a group member often sentinels from a prominent position that enables early detection of approaching predators, and then utters alarm calls to which the other group members react immediately. We tested in the cooperatively breeding Arabian babbler (Argya squamiceps), whether in the presence of a sentinel the other group members forage for longer or more effectively. In natural observations, in different distances from shelter and in different group sizes, we found no effect of sentinel presence on foraging time. Likewise, in a giving-up density (GUD) experiment with artificial food patches containing mealworms in each of 3 different distances from shelter, fewer mealworms were consumed further from shelter, but irrespective of whether a sentinel was present or not during foraging. While foragers react to a sentinel’s alarm calls when a predator approaches, our findings indicate that Arabian babbler foragers do not improve their foraging efficiency due to the sentinel’s presence. Combined with previous studies on the Arabian babbler, these findings reinforce the conclusion that in this species the sentinel is “selfish” and benefits from early detection of predators. These results contrast with those from other cooperative breeders in which sentinels utter calming calls and foraging efficiency increases when sentinels are present. We, therefore, suggest that similar sentinel behavior may serve different sentinel systems and functions in different cooperative breeders.
Long-read RNA sequencing can probe organelle genome pervasive transcription
Authors: Sanita Lima Matheus , Silva Domingues Douglas , Rossi Paschoal Alexandre , Smith David Roy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
40 years ago, organelle genomes were assumed to be streamlined and, perhaps, unexciting remnants of their prokaryotic past. However, the field of organelle genomics has exposed an unparallel diversity in genome architecture (i.e. genome size, structure, and content). The transcription of these eccentric genomes can be just as elaborate – organelle genomes are pervasively transcribed into a plethora of RNA types. However, while organelle protein-coding genes are known to produce polycistronic transcripts that undergo heavy posttranscriptional processing, the nature of organelle noncoding transcriptomes is still poorly resolved. Here, we review how wet-lab experiments and second-generation sequencing data (i.e. short reads) have been useful to determine certain types of organelle RNAs, particularly noncoding RNAs. We then explain how third-generation (long-read) RNA-Seq data represent the new frontier in organelle transcriptomics. We show that public repositories (e.g. NCBI SRA) already contain enough data for inter-phyla comparative studies and argue that organelle biologists can benefit from such data. We discuss the prospects of using publicly available sequencing data for organelle-focused studies and examine the challenges of such an approach. We highlight that the lack of a comprehensive database dedicated to organelle genomics/transcriptomics is a major impediment to the development of a field with implications in basic and applied science.
Change in left atrial function and volume predicts incident heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Lim Daniel J , Varadarajan Vinithra , Quinaglia Thiago , Pezel Theo , Wu Colin , Noda Chikara , Heckbert Susan R , Bluemke David , Ambale-Venkatesh Bharath , Lima Joao A C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
The role of change in left atrial (LA) parameters prior to the onset of heart failure (HF) remains unclear. We used cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to investigate the relationship between longitudinal change in LA function and incident HF in a multi-ethnic population with subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods and results
In this prospective multi-ethnic cohort study, 2470 participants (60 ± 9 years, 47% males), free at baseline of clinical CVD, had LA volume and function assessed via multimodality tissue tracking on CMR imaging at baseline (2000–02) and a second study 9.4 ± 0.6 years later. Free of HF, 73 participants developed incident HF [HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), n = 39; reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), n = 34] 7.1 ± 2.1 years after the second study. An annual decrease of 1 SD unit in peak LA strain (ΔLASmax) was most strongly associated with the risk of HFpEF [subdistribution hazard ratios (HR) = 2.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.34–4.90), P = 0.004] and improved model reclassification and discrimination in predicting HFpEF [C-statistic = 0.84, 95% CI (0.79–0.90); net reclassification index (NRI) = 0.34, P = 0.01; and integrated discrimination index (IDI) = 0.02, P = 0.02], whilst an annual decrease of 1 mL/m2 of pre-atrial indexed LA volumes (ΔLAVipreA) was most strongly associated with the risk of HFrEF [subdistribution HR = 1.88, 95% CI (1.44–2.45), P &lt; 0.001] and improved model reclassification and discrimination in predicting HFrEF [C-statistic = 0.81, 95% CI (0.72–0.90); NRI = 0.31, P = 0.03; and IDI = 0.01, P = 0.50] after adjusting for event-specific risk factors and baseline LA measures.

Conclusion
ΔLASmax and ΔLAVipreA were associated with and incrementally predictive of HFpEF and HFrEF, after adjusting for risk factors and baseline LA measures in this population of subclinical CVD.
A robust genome assembly with transcriptomic data from the striped bark scorpion, Centruroides vittatus
Authors: Yamashita Tsunemi , Rhoads Douglas D , Pummill Jeff 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Scorpions, a seemingly primitive, stinging arthropod taxa, are known to exhibit marked diversity in their venom components. These venoms are known for their human pathology, but they are also important as models for therapeutic and drug development applications. In this study, we report a high-quality genome assembly and annotation of the striped bark scorpion, Centruroides vittatus, created with several shotgun libraries. The final assembly is 760 Mb in size, with a BUSCO score of 97.8%, a 30.85% GC, and an N50 of 2.35 Mb. We estimated 36,189 proteins with 37.32% assigned to Gene Ontology (GO) terms in our GO annotation analysis. We mapped venom toxin genes to 18 contigs and 2 scaffolds. We were also able to identify expression differences between venom gland (telson) and body tissue (carapace) with 19 sodium toxin and 14 potassium toxin genes to 18 contigs and 2 scaffolds. This assembly, along with our transcriptomic data, provides further data to investigate scorpion venom genomics.
Analysis on the development of modern rural power grids with low carbon serving rural revitalization from the perspective of scientific and technological innovation
Authors: Cao Yi , Xiao Tianying , Liang Yu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Our country is a large agricultural nation where the development of rural areas holds paramount importance. To achieve rural revitalization, the development of electric power infrastructure is crucial. However, to ensure sustainable growth, attention must be directed towards low-carbon initiatives. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, rural power grids are steadily transitioning towards intelligent development, marking a significant stride in our nation’s power grid evolution. The establishment of smart grids can effectively address energy consumption issues in rural areas, simultaneously aiding in the reduction of energy usage and carbon emissions. Information technology, interactivity and automation are pivotal technical features characterizing the intelligence of rural power grids, leveraging technological advancements to drive the reform of modern rural power systems. This article intends to focus on optimizing low-carbon development within the ambit of intelligent rural power grid construction, alongside a comprehensive analysis of related developments. Such efforts aim to seamlessly integrate rural power development with a low-carbon economy, offering crucial insights and guidance for the sustainable growth of rural power grids. This endeavor contributes to the overarching objectives of rural revitalization and fostering a low-carbon economy.
Clinical Presentation of Early Syphilis and Genomic Sequences of Treponema pallidum Strains in Patient Specimens and Isolates Obtained by Rabbit Inoculation
Authors: Yang Ligang , Zhang Xiaohui , Chen Wentao , Seña Arlene C , Zheng Heping , Jiang Yinbo , Zhao Peizhen , Chen Rongyi , Wang Liuyuan , Ke Wujian , Salazar Juan C , Parr Jonathan B , Tucker Joseph D , Hawley Kelly L , Caimano Melissa J , Hennelly Christopher M , Aghakanian Farhang , Bettin Everton B , Zhang Feifei , Chen Jane S , Moody M Anthony , Radolf Justin D , Yang Bin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The global resurgence of syphilis necessitates vaccine development.

Methods
We collected ulcer exudates and blood from 17 participants with primary syphilis (PS) and skin biopsies and blood from 51 patients with secondary syphilis (SS) in Guangzhou, China, for Treponema pallidum subsp pallidum (TPA) quantitative polymerase chain reaction, whole genome sequencing (WGS), and isolation of TPA in rabbits.

Results
TPA DNA was detected in 15 of 17 ulcer exudates and 3 of 17 blood PS specimens. TPA DNA was detected in 50 of 51 SS skin biopsies and 27 of 51 blood specimens. TPA was isolated from 47 rabbits with success rates of 71% (12/17) and 69% (35/51), respectively, from ulcer exudates and SS bloods. We obtained paired genomic sequences from 24 clinical samples and corresponding rabbit isolates. Six SS14- and 2 Nichols-clade genome pairs contained rare discordances. Forty-one of the 51 unique TPA genomes clustered within SS14 subgroups largely from East Asia, while 10 fell into Nichols C and E subgroups.

Conclusions
Our TPA detection rate was high from PS ulcer exudates and SS skin biopsies and over 50% from SS blood, with TPA isolation in more than two-thirds of samples. Our results support the use of WGS from rabbit isolates to inform vaccine development.
Knowledge and utilization of iodized salt among expectant mothers in Harar City's public health facilities: a multicenter study in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Hanan , Abebe Dawit , Yetwale Fisseha , Mekuannint Worku , Mesfin Sinetibeb 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Insufficient iodine intake during pregnancy can result in abortion, stillbirths, neonatal mortality, cretinism and permanent cognitive impairment. Even although iodized salt is widely accessible in Ethiopia, pregnant women still experience persistent problems related to iodine deficiency disorders.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 573 pregnant women who were attending antenatal care services at public health facilities. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used, and independent predictors were determined based on adjusted ORs with 95% CIs and p&lt;0.05.

Results
Knowledge and practice of pregnant women on iodized utilization were 35.6% (95% CI 31.8 to 39.6%) and 37.7% (95% CI 32.1 to 42.9%), respectively. Living in urban areas (adjusted OR [AOR]=1.976, 95% CI 1.136 to 3.435) and having a higher level of education (AOR=2.018, 95% CI 1.037 to 3.930) were associated with having adequate knowledge. Having a diploma or higher education (AOR=2.684, 95% CI 1.137 to 6.340) and adequate knowledge about iodized salt utilization (AOR=2.095, 95% CI 1.273 to 3.447) were significantly associated with good practice.

Conclusions
The current study highlights the level of knowledge and practices of pregnant women on iodized salt. It emphasizes the necessity for targeted programs about the benefits of iodized salt and how to use it correctly, particularly for those with low literacy levels and those living in rural areas.
Attitudes towards wife-beating justification and its association with female genital mutilation – analysis of ever-married Somali women in the 2020 Somali Health and Demographic Survey
Authors: Mohamed Abdirahman Saeed , Bjertness Espen , Htet Aung Soe , Aye Win Thuzar , Madar Ahmed Ali 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
In Somalia, despite its prohibition, female circumcision persists alongside significant intimate partner violence. This study examines the prevalence of wife-beating justification among Somali women and its link to the perception that female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a religious obligation.

Methods
We studied 7726 married Somali women 15–49 y of age from the 2020 Somali Health and Demographic Survey. Using χ2 tests and logistic regression, we examined wife-beating justification by covariates and its connection to the perception that FGM/C is a religious obligation.

Results
The prevalence of women justifying wife-beating for any of six reasons was 56.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 55.3 to 57.6). A higher prevalence of wife-beating justification was found among women 35–49 y of age (59.9% [95% CI 57.8 to 61.9]), without education (57.7% [95% CI 56.5 to 59.0]), rural residents (57.8% [95% CI 56.3 to 59.2]), with lower socio-economic status (60.4% [95% CI 58.7 to 62.1]) and married before age 18 y (58.4% [95% CI 56.7 to 60.1]). Adjusted for covariates, logistic regression analyses indicated a significant association between wife-beating justification and the belief that FGM/C is mandated by religion (adjusted odds ratio 1.40 [95% CI 1.17 to 1.68], p&lt;0.001).

Conclusions
Wife-beating justification is alarmingly common among Somali women and significantly associated with the belief that FGM/C is mandated by religion. Further research is necessary to investigate the drivers behind the acceptance of domestic violence, its impact on women's mental health and well-being and its association with FGM/C acceptance.
Simplified and Detailed Evaluations of the Uncertainty of the Measurement of Microbiological Contamination of Pharmaceutical Products
Authors: Lourenço Felipe Rebello , Bettencourt da Silva Ricardo J N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The control of the microbial contamination of pharmaceutical products (PP) is crucial to ensure their safety and efficacy. The validity of the monitoring of such contamination depends on the uncertainty of this quantification. Highly uncertain quantifications due to the variability of determinations or the magnitude of systematic effects affecting microbial growth or other analytical operations make analysis unfit for the intended use. The quantification of the measurement uncertainty expressing the combined effects of all random and systematic effects affecting the analysis allows for a sound decision about quantification adequacy for their intended use. The complexity of the quantification of microbial analysis uncertainty led to the development of simplified ways of performing this evaluation.

Objective
This work assesses the adequacy of the simplified quantification of the uncertainty of the determination of the microbial contamination of PP by log transforming microbial count and dilution factor of the test sample whose uncertainty is combined in a log scale using the uncertainty propagation law.

Methods
This assessment is performed by a parallel novel bottom-up and accurate evaluation of microbial analysis uncertainty involving the Monte Carlo method simulation of the Poisson log-normal distribution of counts and of the normally distributed measured volumes involved in the analysis. Systematic effects are assessed and corrected on results to compensate for their impact on the determinations. Poisson regression is used to predict precision affecting determinations on unknown test samples.

Result
Simplified and detailed models of the uncertainty of the measurement of the microbial contamination of PP are provided, allowing objective comparisons of several determinations and those with a maximum contamination level.

Conclusions
This work concludes that triplicate determinations are required to produce results with adequately low uncertainty and that simplified uncertainty quantification underevaluates or overevaluates the uncertainty from determinations based on low or high colony numbers, respectively. Therefore, detailed uncertainty evaluations are advised for determinations between 50 and 200% of PP’s maximum admissible contamination value

Highlight
User-friendly tools for detailed and simplified evaluations of the uncertainty of the measurement of microbial contamination of PP are provided together with the understanding of when simplifications are adequate.
A MATLAB Toolbox for Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable Atom Probe Data Science
Authors: Heller Martina , Ott Benedict , Dalbauer Valentin , Felfer Peter 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Atom probe tomography (APT) data analytics have traditionally been based on manual analytics by researchers. As newer atom probes together with focused ion beam–based specimen preparation have opened APT to many more materials, yielding much more complex mass spectra, building up a systematic understanding of the pathway from raw data to final interpretation has increasingly become important. This demands a system in which the data and treatment can be traced, ideally by any interested party. Such an approach of findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data and analysis policies is becoming increasingly important, not just in APT. In this paper, we present a toolbox, written in MATLAB, which allows the user to store the raw and processed data in a standardized FAIR format (hierarchical data format 5) and process the data in a largely scriptable environment to minimize manual user input. This allows for the experiment data to be interchanged without owner explanations and the analysis to be reproduced. We have devised a metadata scheme that is extensible to other experiments in the materials science domain. With this toolbox, collective knowledge can be built up, and a large number of data sets can be analyzed in a fully automated fashion.
Motif-VI loop acts as a nucleotide valve in the West Nile Virus NS3 Helicase
Authors: Roy Priti , Walter Zachary , Berish Lauren , Ramage Holly , McCullagh Martin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Orthoflavivirus NS3 helicase (NS3h) is crucial in virus replication, representing a potential drug target for pathogenesis. NS3h utilizes nucleotide triphosphate (ATP) for hydrolysis energy to translocate on single-stranded nucleic acids, which is an important step in the unwinding of double-stranded nucleic acids. Intermediate states along the ATP hydrolysis cycle and conformational changes between these states, represent important yet difficult-to-identify targets for potential inhibitors. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations of West Nile virus NS3h+ssRNA in the apo, ATP, ADP+Pi and ADP bound states were used to model the conformational ensembles along this cycle. Energetic and structural clustering analyses depict a clear trend of differential enthalpic affinity of NS3h with ADP, demonstrating a probable mechanism of hydrolysis turnover regulated by the motif-VI loop (MVIL). Based on these results, MVIL mutants (D471L, D471N and D471E) were found to have a substantial reduction in ATPase activity and RNA replication compared to the wild-type. Simulations of the mutants in the apo state indicate a shift in MVIL populations favoring either a closed or open ‘valve’ conformation, affecting ATP entry or stabilization, respectively. Combining our molecular modeling with experimental evidence highlights a conformation-dependent role for MVIL as a ‘valve’ for the ATP-pocket, presenting a promising target for antiviral development.