bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical cancer patterns with automation‐assisted and conventional cytological screening: A randomized study
Authors: Anttila Ahti , Pokhrel Arun , Kotaniemi‐Talonen Laura , Hakama Matti , Malila Nea , Nieminen Pekka 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose was to evaluate alternative cytological screening methods in population‐based screening for cervical cancer up to cancer incidence and mortality outcome. Automation‐assisted screening was compared to conventional cytological screening in a randomized design. The study was based on follow‐up of 503,391 women invited in the Finnish cervical cancer screening program during 1999–2003. The endpoints were incident cervical cancer, severe intraepithelial neoplasia and deaths from cervical cancer. One third of the women had been randomly allocated to automation‐assisted screening and two thirds to conventional cytology. Information on cervical cancer and severe neoplasia were obtained through 1999–2007 from a linkage between screening and cancer registry files. There were altogether 3.2 million woman‐years at risk, and the average follow‐up time was 6.3 years. There was no difference in the risk of cervical cancer between the automation‐assisted and conventional screening methods; the relative risk (RR) of cervical cancer between the study and control arm was 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76–1.29) among all invited and 1.08 (95% CI = 0.76–1.51) among women who were test negative at entry. Comparing women who were test negative with nonscreened, RR of cervical cancer incidence was 0.26, 95% CI = 0.19–0.36 and of mortality 0.24 (0.13–0.43). Both methods were valid for screening. Because cervical cancer is rare in our country, we cannot rule out small differences between methods. Evidence on alternative methods for cervical cancer screening is increasing and it is thus feasible to evaluate new methods in large‐scale population‐based screening programs up to cancer outcome.
Metformin induces Rab4 through AMPK and modulates GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Lee Jung Ok , Lee Soo Kyung , Jung Jin Hee , Kim Ji Hae , You Ga Young , Kim Su Jin , Park Sun Hwa , Uhm Kyung‐Ok , Kim Hyeon Soo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMetformin is a major oral anti‐diabetic drug and is known as an insulin sensitizer. However, the mechanism by which metformin acts is unclear. In this study, we found that AICAR, an AMPK activator, and metformin increased the expression of Rab4 mRNA and protein levels in skeletal muscle C2C12 cells. The promoter activity of Rab4 was increased by metformin in an AMPK‐dependent manner. Metformin stimulated the phosphorylation of AS160, Akt substrate, and Rab GTPase activating protein (GAP), and also increased the phosphorylation of PKC‐zeta, which is a critical molecule for glucose uptake. Knockdown of AMPK blocked the metformin‐induced phosphorylation of AS160/PKC‐zeta. In addition, a colorimetric absorbance assay showed that insulin‐induced translocation of GLUT4 was suppressed in Rab4 knockdown cells. Moreover, Rab4 interacted with PKC‐zeta but not with GLUT4. The C‐terminal‐deleted Rab4 mutant, Rab4ΔCT, showed diffuse sub‐cellular localization, while wild‐type Rab4 localized exclusively to the perinuclear membrane. Unlike Rab4ΔCT, wild‐type Rab4 co‐localized with PKC‐zeta. Together, these results demonstrate that metformin induces Rab4 expression via AMPK‐AS160‐PKC‐zeta and modulates insulin‐mediated GLUT4 translocation. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 974–981, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MicroRNA‐26a is a novel regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell function
Authors: Leeper Nicholas J. , Raiesdana Azad , Kojima Yoko , Chun Hyung J. , Azuma Junya , Maegdefessel Lars , Kundu Ramendra K. , Quertermous Thomas , Tsao Philip S. , Spin Joshua M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAberrant smooth muscle cell (SMC) plasticity has been implicated in a variety of vascular disorders including atherosclerosis, restenosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation. While the pathways governing this process remain unclear, epigenetic regulation by specific microRNAs (miRNAs) has been demonstrated in SMCs. We hypothesized that additional miRNAs might play an important role in determining vascular SMC phenotype. Microarray analysis of miRNAs was performed on human aortic SMCs undergoing phenotypic switching in response to serum withdrawal, and identified 31 significantly regulated entities. We chose the highly conserved candidate miRNA‐26a for additional studies. Inhibition of miRNA‐26a accelerated SMC differentiation, and also promoted apoptosis, while inhibiting proliferation and migration. Overexpression of miRNA‐26a blunted differentiation. As a potential mechanism, we investigated whether miRNA‐26a influences TGF‐β‐pathway signaling. Dual‐luciferase reporter assays demonstrated enhanced SMAD signaling with miRNA‐26a inhibition, and the opposite effect with miRNA‐26a overexpression in transfected human cells. Furthermore, inhibition of miRNA‐26a increased gene expression of SMAD‐1 and SMAD‐4, while overexpression inhibited SMAD‐1. MicroRNA‐26a was also found to be downregulated in two mouse models of AAA formation (2.5‐ to 3.8‐fold decrease, P < 0.02) in which enhanced switching from contractile to synthetic phenotype occurs. In summary, miRNA‐26a promotes vascular SMC proliferation while inhibiting cellular differentiation and apoptosis, and alters TGF‐β pathway signaling. MicroRNA‐26a represents an important new regulator of SMC biology and a potential therapeutic target in AAA disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 1035–1043, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thrombin induces expression of twist and cell motility via the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α translational pathway in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Chang Li‐Hsun , Chen Chun‐Han , Huang Der‐Yi , Pai Hui‐Chen , Pan Shiow‐Lin , Teng Che‐Ming 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDeep vein thrombosis associated with advanced cancer is known as Trousseau's syndrome. We hypothesized that thrombin, an activator of protease‐activated receptor (PAR)‐1 and PAR‐4 contributes to tumor metastasis. In this study, we demonstrated that thrombin and the PAR‐1 activating peptide (AP) SFLLRN, but not the PAR‐4 AP GYPGKF, induced HIF‐1α activities, protein expression, and cell motility in colorectal cancer cells, and these actions were significantly inhibited by the PAR‐1 antagonist SCH79797. Moreover, thrombin‐induced HIF‐1α activity and cell motility were blocked by inhibiting important mediators of signaling transduction, including the ERK, PI3K, and mTOR pathways. These results showed that thrombin induced HIF‐1α protein expression through PAR‐1 and HIF‐1α translational de novo protein synthesis. Twist can regulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increase tumor metastasis. However, we observed that thrombin‐induced HIF‐1α increased Twist mRNA and its protein level was mediated by the modulation of PAR‐1 activation and the HIF‐1α translational pathway. In addition, Twist could increase N‐cadherin but not E‐cadherin to promote tumor metastasis. Overexpression of dominant‐negative HIF‐1α reversed thrombin‐mediated Twist and Twist‐induced N‐cadherin expression. Moreover, siTwist inhibited Twist‐induced N‐cadherin and Thrombin‐induced cell motility. In conclusion, our study showed that thrombin‐induced HIF‐1α upregulated Twist at the transcriptional level to enhance cell motility. These findings show that thrombin upregulates Twist via HIF‐1α to make tumor cells malignant and also establish a link between the coagulation disorder and cancer metastasis. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 1060–1068, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of hydrogastric sonography and spiral computed tomography in staging of gastric carcinoma—A comparative study
Authors: Venkataraman I. , Rao Himagirish K. , Singh Puran , Elangovan S. , Kate Vikram 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveAccurate preoperative diagnosis and staging of patients with gastric cancer is essential for optimal treatment. The standard of care for staging gastric carcinoma is helical CT. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of hydrogastric sonography (HGS) with that of helical CT in the staging of patients with gastric carcinoma.MethodsA total of 42 consecutive patients (29 men and 13 women) diagnosed with gastric carcinoma after endoscopy and biopsy were staged on the basis of TNM classification, preoperatively with HGS and helical CT and postoperatively with histopathologic examination (HPE). The findings of HGS and helical CT were compared with those on HPE with respect to TNM stage.ResultsRegarding T stage, the accuracy of HGS was 78.6% (kappa = 0.68) and that of helical CT was 66.7% (kappa = 0.48). In evaluating the nodal status, the accuracy of HGS was 66.7% (kappa = 0.52) and that of helical CT was 54.6% (kappa = 0.39). Regarding distant metastases, accuracy was the same with HGS and helical CT (accuracy 95.2%, kappa = 0.89).ConclusionsWhen compared with HPE, HGS was found to be more accurate than helical CT for assessment of T and N staging. Sonographic and helical CT were equally accurate for the assessment of M stage. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Sonographic diagnosis of neurogenic heterotopic ossification in patients with severe acquired brain injury in a neurorehabilitation unit
Authors: Falsetti Paolo , Acciai Caterina , Lenzi Lucia 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:To illustrate the ultrasonographic (US) and power Doppler US (PDUS) features of neurogenic heterotopic ossification (NHO) in consecutive patients with severe acquired brain injury and to evaluate the role of bedside US in diagnosis of NHO.Methods:Ninety‐two consecutive patients with severe acquired brain injury underwent clinical and laboratory screening for NHO. In 6 of 92 patients, bedside US confirmed the clinical suspicion of NHO. US diagnosis of NHO was then confirmed by other imaging methods.Results:The incidence of clinical NHO was 7% (9/92) with one patient having multifocal involvement. In NHO of the hip, US demonstrated the classic pattern of zone phenomenon, and PDUS demonstrated vascular signal within mineralized NHO and in outer hypoechoic area. No vascular signal was observed in the central hypoechoic core. In NHO of the knee, a heterogeneously hypoechoic mass was seen and in the elbow a hyperechoic mineralized mass was visualized, with vascular signals seen within the lesions. Spectral wave analysis demonstrated low resistance vessels in NHO.Conclusions:Bedside US is a useful tool in the diagnosis of NHO. PDUS adds data regarding neoangiogenetic activity of NHO. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Unsuspected sonographic findings in patients with posttraumatic shoulder complaints
Authors: Rutten Matthieu J.C.M. , Collins James M.P. , de Waal Malefijt Maarten C. , Kiemeney Lambertus A.L.M. , Jager Gerrit J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurposeTo prospectively assess the frequency of abnormal sonographic findings in patients with posttraumatic shoulder pain and/or disability in whom ultrasound (US) was not considered and to assess the effect of sonographic findings on working diagnosis and therapeutic strategy, to analyze the possible role of US in the diagnostic workup of these patients.MethodsA survey was performed under general practitioners and orthopedic surgeons. They were requested to refer patients with persistent posttraumatic complaints for an US examination of the shoulder and to fill out a questionnaire concerning working diagnosis and therapy. In 50 patients examinations were performed separately by two radiologists. Findings were confirmed with additional radiographs and/or MRI and/or surgery. Four weeks after the US examination, the survey was repeated to inquire about changes in diagnosis and/or treatment that resulted from US.ResultsUS showed relevant pathology in 45 (90%) of 50 patients, a proximal humerus fracture in 25 (50%) patients, and a rotator cuff tear in 43 (86%) patients. Twenty‐three (92%) fractures were accompanied by a rotator cuff tear, and 23 (54%) rotator cuff tears were accompanied by a fracture. Ten fractures were initially missed radiographically. US findings changed the working diagnosis and therapeutic strategy in 37 (74%) and 26 (52%) patients, respectively.ConclusionIn patients with posttraumatic shoulder complaints, US showed a high rate (90%) of relevant pathology. This changed the initial working diagnosis in 74% of the patients and the therapeutic strategy in more than half of the patients. Active referral for US examination may identify these abnormalities in an earlier phase and improve clinical outcome. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Synthesis of I‐131 labelled 4‐iodophenylacetic acid
Authors: Szucs Zoltan , Sathekge Mike , Marjanovic‐Painter Biljana , Wagener Judith , Sello Thato , Wagener Carl , Zeevaart Jan Rijn 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPhenylacetate has been reported to have a potent anti‐proliferative and anti‐differentiating effect in haematological malignancies and in solid tumours at non‐toxic concentrations. This study is a preliminary investigation into the potential of 4‐iodophenylacetic acid radiolabelled by 131I as a radiopharmaceutical equivalent. The radiolabelling by isotope exchange gave a radiochemical yield of 53±6%, and a radiochemical purity of 97.8±1.2% as qualified by HPLC. The product contained 4% ester by‐product and is suitable for studies in animals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A phosphorylation assay using [γ‐32P]ATP: A highly sensitive detection of protein kinase C
Authors: Ko Kyong‐Cheol , Choi Mi Hee , Park Sang Hyun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in many biological processes such as development, memory, cell differentiation and proliferation, and carcinogenesis has been demonstrated. Using the mep45 gene encoding the 45‐kDa major envelope protein (Mep45) of Selenomonas ruminantium, a protein‐fused substrate (neurogranin‐Mep45, MFS‐PKC) was cloned, which is a highly selective substrate for PKC. The recombinant protein‐fused substrate can be constantly produced in reasonable quantities with a small outlay. In this study, a suitable strategy for the detection of the phosphorylation of a peptide‐type substrate and a Mep45‐fused substrate catalyzed by PKC by using a sensitive radiodetection is described. This strategy can be applicable to the development of protein microarray, which can be a useful tool for high‐throughput screening in biological and medical research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High throughput headspace GC‐MS quantitative method to measure the amount of carbon monoxide in treated tuna fish
Authors: Bartolucci Gianluca , Droghetti Enrica , Focardi Claudia , Bambagiotti‐Alberti Massimo , Nocentini Mila , Smulevich Giulietta 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA robust and dependable headspace HS‐GC‐MS method has been developed for the determination of carbon monoxide (CO) treated tuna fish.The performance of the method has been evaluated by analyzing spiked and blank samples.The proposed method uses a programmed temperature vaporizing (PTV) injector to implement the HS injection and overcome the negative effects on the column of water contained in the sample. The level of CO could be easily detected in the treated samples, its amount differing markedly from that detected in the untreated samples. Proper oven temperature programming prevented any deterioration of chromatographic performance caused by the accumulation of water, carbon dioxide and other low molecular weight hydrocarbons in the column during serial analyses. The introduction of PTV injection and the restoring of GC column, by oven temperature programming, were crucial for obtaining the required robustness. This procedure assures the run‐to‐run repeatability necessary for high throughput applications. The method affords linear calibration curves ranging from 50 to 2500 ng/g of CO content in tuna sample. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dystroglycan modulates the ability of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation
Authors: Galvin Jason , Eyermann Christopher , Colognato Holly 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe adhesion receptor dystroglycan positively regulates terminal differentiation of oligodendrocytes, but the mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. Using primary oligodendrocyte cultures, we identified and examined a connection between dystroglycan and the ability of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation. Consistent with previous reports, treatment with exogenous IGF‐1 caused an increase in MBP protein that was preceded by activation of PI3K (AKT) and MAPK (ERK) signaling pathways. The extracellular matrix protein laminin was further shown to potentiate the effect of IGF‐1 on oligodendrocyte differentiation. Depletion of the laminin receptor dystroglycan using siRNA, however, blocked the ability of IGF‐1 to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation of cells grown on laminin, suggesting a role for dystroglycan in IGF‐1‐mediated differentiation. Indeed, loss of dystroglycan led to a reduction in the ability of IGF‐1 to activate MAPK, but not PI3K, signaling pathways. Pharmacological inhibition of MAPK signaling also prevented IGF‐1‐induced increases in myelin basic protein (MBP), indicating that MAPK signaling was necessary to drive IGF‐1‐mediated enhancement of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Using immunoprecipitation, we found that dystroglycan, the adaptor protein Grb2, and insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1), were associated in a protein complex. Taken together, our results suggest that the positive regulatory effect of laminin on oligodendrocyte differentiation may be attributed, at least in part, to dystroglycan's ability to promote IGF‐1‐induced differentiation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Silent synapses in neuromuscular junction development
Authors: Tomàs Josep , Santafé Manel M. , Lanuza Maria A. , García Neus , Besalduch Nuria , Tomàs Marta 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the last few years, evidence has been found to suggest that some synaptic contacts become silent but can be functionally recruited before they completely retract during postnatal synapse elimination in muscle. The physiological mechanism of developmental synapse elimination may be better understood by studying this synapse recruitment. This Mini‐Review collects previously published data and new results to propose a molecular mechanism for axonal disconnection. The mechanism is based on protein kinase C (PKC)‐dependent inhibition of acetylcholine (ACh) release. PKC activity may be stimulated by a methoctramine‐sensitive M2‐type muscarinic receptor and by calcium inflow though P/Q‐ and L‐type voltage‐dependent calcium channels. In addition, tropomyosin‐related tyrosine kinase B (trkB) receptor‐mediated brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) activity may oppose the PKC‐mediated ACh release depression. Thus, a balance between trkB and muscarinic pathways may contribute to the final functional suppression of some neuromuscular synapses during development. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A case series of facial depigmentation associated with low fluence q‐switched 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser for skin rejuvenation and melasma
Authors: Chan Nicola P.Y. , Ho Stephanie G.Y. , Shek Samantha Y.N. , Yeung Chi K. , Chan Henry H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveIn recent years, “laser toning” using low fluence, large spot size, multiple passed Q‐switched 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser has gained much popularity in Asian countries for non‐ablative skin rejuvenation and the treatment of melasma. This case series highlights one of the complications associated with laser toning, which is facial depigmentation.Materials and MethodsFourteen patients with laser toning‐associated facial depigmentation were assessed with cross‐polarized and ultraviolet (UV) photographic images. The laser toning regimens received by these patients, as well as the treatment given for depigmentation, were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsAll 14 patients were Chinese females, 9 of whom received laser toning for non‐ablative skin rejuvenation and the other 5 for melasma. The treatment regimens received by these patients were highly variable. The total number of treatments received ranged from 6 to 50 (mean 22.07). In all cases, UV photographic images demonstrated facial mottled depigmentation. Laser toning failed to significantly improve melasma in all five patients. Five patients received targeted narrowband UVB for depigmentation with good clinical results.ConclusionsLaser toning with low fluence Q‐switched 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser for skin rejuvenation and melasma can be associated with mottled depigmentation. With laser toning being frequently performed, this complication may become more commonly encountered in clinical practice. The depigmentation can appear after only a few treatment sessions, and can cause much disfigurement, especially in cases with background melasma. Further studies on laser toning are needed with the view to optimizing efficacy and minimizing side‐effects. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:712–719, 2010 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The grasp reflex: A symptom in need of treatment
Authors: Mestre Tiago , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe grasp reflex is one of the primitive reflexes frequently observed in neurodegenerative diseases. However, quality of life and treatment of the grasp reflex are neglected in the literature. Following two brief case vignettes of patients seen recently who experienced disability from a grasp reflex, we briefly review its phenomenology, anatomy–physiology and epidemiology in neurodegenerative movement disorders, and assess the limited current literature regarding the quality of life and treatment. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society.
Chemopreventive effect of dietary curcumin on inflammation‐induced colorectal carcinogenesis in mice
Authors: Villegas Isabel , Sánchez‐Fidalgo Susana , de la Lastra Catalina Alarcón 
Published: September 2010

AbstractScope: Curcumin is a polyphenol with a variety of pharmacologic effects. We evaluate the effect of dietary curcumin on the severity of repeated colitis‐associated colorectal cancer.Methods and results: Six‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice were randomized into two dietary groups: standard diet and curcumin at 0.6% diet. The mice were exposed to 15 cycles of 0.7% dextran sodium sulphate for 1 week followed by distilled water for 10 days. After curcumin diet, the disease activity index presented a statistical reduction in the last cycles, macroscopic tumors were not seen and the microscopic study showed minor neoplasic lesions with respect to standard diet‐group. β‐Catenin translocation to the cytoplasm and/or nucleus was observed in the tumor tissue, but this translocation and its intensity were significantly minor in the curcumin diet‐DSS animals. Cytokines as tumor necrosis factor‐α and IFN‐γ were significantly diminished in DSS‐animals fed with curcumin. Conversely, non‐modification of p53 expression was observed and cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were significantly reduced in the curcumin diet‐DSS group.Conclusion: We demonstrate the protective/preventive effect of curcumin in the progression of colorectal cancer associated to colitis, which was correlated with a lowered immunoreactivity of ß‐catenin, a non‐modification of p53 expression, a reduction of proinflammatory cytokine levels and a decrease of inflammatory protein overexpression.