bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in gene expression profiles and carcinogenesis pathways between colon and rectal cancer
Authors: LI Jing Nan , ZHAO Li , WU Jun , WU Bin , YANG Hong , ZHANG Heng Hui , QIAN Jia Ming 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE:  Colon cancer is more common in the USA and Europe than that in China, for reasons that are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in gene expression profiles and carcinogenesis pathways between colon and rectal cancer.METHODS:  Expression profiling of primary tumor tissues from 12 colon and 12 rectal cancers was performed using oligonucleotide microarray analysis. All samples were strictly matched by clinical features. Bioinformatic analyses such as the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used to identify genes and pathways specifically associated with colon or rectal cancers.RESULTS:  A total of 824 genes were differentially expressed in colon and rectal cancers. All differential gene interactions in the Signal‐Net were analyzed. More genes were differentially expressed and included in the Signal‐Net for rectal than colon cancer. Of the genes differentially expressed between colon and rectal cancer, S100P, the Reg family, ACTN1, CAMK2G and ACAT1 were the most significantly altered. Genes involved in the cell cycle pathway were present in rectal and colon cancers, but were more important in rectal cancer. The p53 and metabolic signaling pathways were significantly different in colon and rectal cancers. Gene expression profiles differed between colon and rectal cancer, with metabolic pathways being more important in rectal cancer.CONCLUSION:  The oncogenesis of rectal cancer may be more complex than that of colon cancer. Some genes could be new biomarkers for distinguishing between these two cancers.
Prevalence of violence risk factors in people at ultra‐high risk of developing psychosis: a service audit
Authors: Hutton Paul , Parker Sophie , Bowe Samantha , Ford Sarah 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground: There is little data available on the prevalence of violence risk factors in people at ultra‐high risk of developing psychosis.Aim: The aim of this study was to provide an estimate of the cross‐sectional prevalence of violence risk factors in those attending a routine clinical service for people at ultra‐high risk of developing psychosis.Methods: The case notes of all 34 clients receiving treatment over a 4‐week period were reviewed and all clinicians were interviewed. Information was gathered regarding gender, current violent ideation, history of violence (including convictions), expressions of concern from others, problems with alcohol or substance misuse, jealousy, suspiciousness, irritability, anger and relevant subthreshold psychotic symptoms. Information on protective factors, including treatment engagement, was also gathered.Results: Thirty‐eight per cent (n = 13) had a history of violent behaviour, 79.4% (n = 27) were thought to be currently experiencing significant levels of suspiciousness and 47.1% (n = 16) were thought to have problems with anger. Twenty‐nine per cent (n = 10) had previous known convictions for violence. Two‐thirds (n = 8) of those where risk of violence was identified were described as being engaged with treatment.Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of violence risk factors in this small sample. Further research with larger samples and better methodology is urgently required to investigate risk of violence in this group and determine the contribution, if any, of subclinical psychotic symptoms.
Multiple myeloma with primary manifestation in mandibular area
Authors: da Silva Santos P.S. , Klingbeil M.F.G. , Abrahão A.C. , Gallottini M. , de Sousa S.C.O.M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological disease characterised by the multicentric proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. This relatively rare disease develops mainly in men (mean age, 60 years). The occurrence of the disease in jaws is uncommon as a primary manifestation. A 73‐year‐old man was first seen with a chief complaint of a painful mandibular enlargement persisting for 1 month with an increase in the volume of the gingiva, which bled during oral hygiene. The Xray revealed a ‘punched‐out’ lesion with ill‐defined margins in the mandibular ramus and body. A computed tomography scan showed a mandibular osteolytic lesion extending to the surrounding soft tissue. The incisional biopsy revealed a monotonous proliferation of plasmacytoid cells strongly immunoreactive to Kappa IgG, which confirmed the diagnosis of MM. After the biopsy, the patient spontaneously fractured his ribs, and the Bence Jones protein test was positive. Conformal radiotherapy followed by bortezomib with melphalan and prednisone was the elected treatment. The patient stopped treatment after two cycles, and progression to death followed after 6 months. This case report reinforces the data on the importance of early diagnosis of MM in the jaw and illustrates the contribution that oral assessment can provide for the diagnosis of this disease.
Cyclooxygenase‐2−765G>C functional promoter polymorphism and its association with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lakshmi Addala , Muralidhar Sadhnani , Kalyan Kumar Chennaboina , Pavan Kumar Addala , Kalyana Chakravarthy Pentapati , Anjaneyulu Vasala , Kaiser Jamil 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim:  Cyclooxygenase‐2 is a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, and has critical role in the progression of several malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:  We designed a case‐control study to evaluate the susceptibility of the functional −765G>C genetic variation in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Polymerase chain reaction‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used to determine the polymorphism in oral squamous cell carcinoma (n = 150) patients and healthy controls (n = 150).Results:  The genotype frequencies of cyclooxygenase‐2 765G>G, 765G>C, and 765C>C were 73.3%, 18.66%, and 8.0% in the cancer patients, and 94.66%, 4% and 1.3% in the controls, respectively. The cyclooxygenase‐2 GC and CC genotypes were significantly associated (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.01, respectively) with oral squamous cell carcinoma patients, when compared to the controls. The 765G>C genotypes were statistically significant, with habitual tobacco chewing and alcohol consumption + smoking (P = 0.05).Conclusions:  This study highlights the genetic variant that might play a role in mediating susceptibility to oral squamous cell carcinoma in this population.
Disputation and Logic in the Medieval Treatises De Modo Opponendi et Respondendi
Authors: Pérez-Ilzarbe Paloma 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn 1980 L. M. de Rijk edited some texts connected with medieval disputation (Die mittelaterlichen Traktate De modo opponendi et respondendi), towards which he showed a strikingly contemptuous attitude. The reason for his contempt was that the treatises did not fit the obligationes and sophismata tradition. In this article I focus on the original version, the Thesaurus Philosophorum, to highlight the distinction of this family of treatises with respect to the “modern” tradition. First, I study the features of the disputation that can be recognised through the collection of fallacious arguments contained in the Thesaurus. Second, I briefly examine the contents of the treatise and their arrangement, showing that they are closely related to the kind of disputation in question. I hope to support the idea that neither the technique of disputation nor the contents and their arrangement deserve a straightforward rejection.
John Buridan’s Theory of Truth and the Paradox of the Liar
Authors: Perini-Santos Ernesto 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe solution John Buridan offers for the Paradox of the Liar has not been correctly placed within the framework of his philosophy of language. More precisely, there are two important points of the Buridanian philosophy of language that are crucial to the correct understanding of his solution to the Liar paradox that are either misrepresented or ignored in some important accounts of his theory. The first point is that the Aristotelian formula, ‘propositio est vera quia qualitercumque significat in rebus significatis ita est’, once amended, is a correct way to talk about the truth of a sentence. The second one is that he has a double indexing theory of truth: a sentence is true in a time about a time, and such times should be distinguished in the account of the truth-conditions of sentences. These two claims are connected in an important way: the Aristotelian formula indicates the time about which a sentence is true. Some interpreters of the Buridanian solution to the paradox, following the lead of Herzberger, have missed these points and have been led to postulate truth-values gaps, or surrogates of truth-value gaps, when there is nothing of this sort in his theory. I argue against this tradition of interpretation of Buridan and propose an interpretation of his solution to the Liar.
Virtus sermonis and the semantics-pragmatics distinction
Authors: Pouscoulous Nausicaa , Goubier Frédéric 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLate medieval theories of language and contemporary philosophy of language have been compared on numerous occasions. Here, we would like to compare two debates: that between the nature of Virtus sermonis, on the medieval side—focusing on a statute published in 1340 by the Faculty of Arts of the University of Paris and its opponents—and, on the contemporary side, the on-going discussion on the semantics-pragmatics distinction and how the truth-value of an utterance should be established. Both the statute and Gricean pragmatics insist on the importance of taking into account the speaker’s intention and the context in establishing the signification of an utterance. Yet, upon closer examination, a more convincing parallel might be drawn between the statute’s position and current theories in truth-conditional pragmatics. Focusing on a few aspects of the statute that seem to find a counterpart within contemporary pragmatics, we try to show how the issues they give rise to converge, but also diverge.
The Empathetic Apprehension of Artifacts: A Husserlian Approach to Non-figurative Art
Authors: Ferencz-Flatz Christian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn his Ideas II, Husserl interprets the apprehension of cultural objects by comparing it to that of the human “flesh” and “spirit.” Such objects are not just “bodies” (Körper) to which a sense is exteriorly added, but instead they are, similarly to human bodies (Leiber), entirely “animated” by a cultural meaning. In fact, this is not just an analogy for Husserl, since, in several of his later notations, he comes to show that cultural objects are actually understood as such by means of an apperception employing empathy, as sediments of subjective acts and performances. Understood as cultural objects, images also point towards a previous subjective doing, and it is precisely by grasping this “pointing” that we comprehend them in their proper significance as artifacts. In my paper, I would like to explore the nature and forms of this empathic “pointing,” focusing on the possible use of Husserl’s conception for an interpretation of non-figurative art.
An Economic Turn: A Hermeneutical Reinterpretation of Political Economy with Respect to the Question of Land
Authors: Mei Todd S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe philosophy of economics has been largely guided by analytic philosophy. Even Marx has been appropriated without much scandal by economists who separate his scientific contributions from his politics. In this article, I place philosophical hermeneutics (i.e., Heidegger and Ricoeur) in dialogue with the conventional understanding of land as a factor of production. The history of political economy misunderstands land as an entity classifiable as property and capital. I argue instead that land’s ontological role, deriving from Heidegger’s concept of earth, suggests that economics needs to account for it in a new way according to David Ricardo’s notion of land rent.
Competition between grain growth and grain-size reduction in polar ice
Authors: Roessiger Jens , Bons Paul D. , Griera Albert , Jessell Mark W. , Evans Lynn , Montagnat Maurine , Kipfstuhl Sepp , Faria Sérgio H. , Weikusat Ilka 
Published: October 2011

AbstractStatic (or ‘normal’) grain growth, i.e. grain boundary migration driven solely by grain boundary energy, is considered to be an important process in polar ice. Many ice-core studies report a continual increase in average grain size with depth in the upper hundreds of metres of ice sheets, while at deeper levels grain size appears to reach a steady state as a consequence of a balance between grain growth and grain-size reduction by dynamic recrystallization. The growth factorkin the normal grain growth law is important for any process where grain growth plays a role, and it is normally assumed to be a temperature-dependent material property. Here we show, using numerical simulations with the program Elle, that the factorkalso incorporates the effect of the microstructure on grain growth. For example, a change in grain-size distribution from normal to log-normal in a thin section is found to correspond to an increase inkby a factor of 3.5.
Glacimarine sedimentation processes at Kronebreen and Kongsvegen, Svalbard
Authors: Kehrl Laura M. , Hawley Robert L. , Powell Ross D. , Brigham-Grette Julie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTidewater glaciers deposit sediment at their terminus, thereby reducing the relative water depth. Reduced water depth can lead to increased glacier stability through decreased rates of iceberg calving, glacier thinning and submarine melting. Here we investigate sedimentation processes at the termini of Kronebreen and Kongsvegen, Svalbard. We mapped the fjord floor bathymetry in August 2009 and calculate sedimentation rates based on our bathymetry and that from a similar study in 2005. A grounding-line fan is developing near the current position of the subglacial stream. An older, abandoned grounding-line fan that likely formed between ∼1987 and 2001 is degrading near the middle of the ice front. Our findings indicate that sediment gravity flows reduce the height of the sediment mound forming at the glacier terminus. The future impact of glacimarine sedimentation processes on glacier stability will depend on the net balance between the observed gravity flows and sediment deposition.
High basal melting rates within high-precipitation temperate glaciers
Authors: Alexander David , Shulmeister James , Davies Tim 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe role of basal melting within high-precipitation temperate glaciers represents a significant gap in understanding glacier melting processes. We use a basal melt equation to calculate geothermal and frictional heat-induced basal melt and develop an equation to calculate the rainfall-induced basal melt for Franz Josef Glacier, New Zealand, a high-precipitation, temperate glacier. Additionally, we calculate basal melt due to heat dissipation within water and ice. Data collated from published information on glacier dynamics and climate station readings show that total basal melt contributes on average ∼2.50 m a−1 over the lower to mid-ablation zone (300–1500 m a.s.l.), which is equivalent to >10% of the total ablation for the glacier. This indicates that basal melting is an important component of mass balance for high-precipitation, temperate glaciers.
Analysis of ice plains of the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica, using ICESat laser altimetry
Authors: Brunt Kelly M. , Fricker Helen A. , Padman Laurie 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe use repeat-track laser altimeter data from the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) to map the grounding zone (GZ) of the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Ice flexure in the GZ occurs as the ice shelf responds to ocean-height changes due primarily to tides. We have identified three ‘ice plains’, regions of low surface slope near the GZ where the ice is close to hydrostatic equilibrium: one on Institute Ice Stream; another to its east; and another west of Foundation Ice Stream. The vertical information from repeated ICESat tracks enables us to study the topography, state of flotation and flexure characteristics across these features. In regions of ephemeral grounding, tidal migration of the grounding line allows us to estimate bed slope (∼1–2 × 10−3). From these studies we develop a classification scheme for ice plains, expressed in terms of the evolution, or ‘life cycle’, of these features. A lightly grounded ice plain progresses to a state of ephemeral grounding as the ice sheet thins near the GZ. Once sufficient thinning has occurred, the ice plain becomes a fully floating, relict ice plain with an undulated surface topography similar to that of lightly grounded ice; we expect viscous relaxation to a smooth ice-shelf surface to occur over a timescale of decades. Our improved insight into ice-plain evolution suggests added complexity in modeling ice in the vicinity of the GZ, and a role for ice-plain observations as a guide to relatively rapid changes in ice-sheet mass balance.
Tomography-based determination of permeability and Dupuit–Forchheimer coefficient of characteristic snow samples
Authors: Zermatten Emilie , Haussener Sophia , Schneebeli Martin , Steinfeld Aldo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA tomography-based methodology for the mass transport characterization of snow is presented. Five samples, characteristic for a wide range of seasonal snow, are considered. Their three-dimensional (3-D) geometrical representations are obtained by micro-computed tomography and used in direct pore-level simulations to numerically solve the governing mass and momentum conservation equations, allowing for the determination of their effective permeability and Dupuit–Forchheimer coefficient. The extension to the Dupuit–coefficient is useful near the snow surface, where Reynolds numbers higher than unity can appear. Simplified semi-empirical models of porous media are also examined. The methodology presented allows for the determination of snow’s effective mass transport properties, which are strongly dependent on the snow microstructure and morphology. These effective properties can, in turn, readily be used in snowpack volume-averaged (continuum) models such as strongly layered samples with macroscopically anisotropic properties.
Advanced microstructural characterization of four East Antarctic firn/ice cores
Authors: Spaulding N.E. , Meese D.A. , Baker I. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe microstructures and microchemistry of four US International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition ice cores were examined, at three depths (30, 60, 90 m) each, using scanning electron microscopy, including electron backscattered patterns and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), in order to assess the relationship between chemical and physical properties. The physical characteristics (grain size, porosity, density, internal surface volume, and crystallographic orientation) at the four sites were inhomogeneous, as expected on the basis of differences in the moisture content of deposited snow and the accumulation rate at their respective locations. Evidence of shallow subgrain boundary formation and trends in internal surface volume, having implications for the study of firn densification and ice-sheet modeling, were also found. Chemical characterization revealed that site-specific variations in particulate concentration and source could accurately be determined using EDS analysis. It was also found that the combination of elements predominant within the sample controls the morphology and microstructural location of the impurities.
Snapshots of the Greenland ice sheet configuration in the Pliocene to early Pleistocene
Authors: Solgaard Anne M. , Reeh Niels , Japsen Peter , Nielsen Tove 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe geometry of the ice sheets during the Pliocene to early Pleistocene is not well constrained. Here we apply an ice-flow model in the study of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) during three extreme intervals of this period constrained by geological observations and climate reconstructions. We study the extent of the GIS during the Mid-Pliocene Warmth (3.3–3.0 Ma), its advance across the continental shelf during the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene glaciations (3.0–2.4 Ma) as implied by offshore geological studies, and the transition from glacial to interglacial conditions around 2.4 Ma as deduced from the deposits of the Kap København Formation, North Greenland. Our experiments show that no coherent ice sheet is likely to have existed in Greenland during the Mid-Pliocene Warmth and that only local ice caps may have been present in the coastal mountains of East Greenland. Our results illustrate the variability of the GIS during the Pliocene to early Pleistocene and underline the importance of including independent estimates of the GIS in studies of climate during this period. We conclude that the GIS did not exist throughout the Pliocene to early Pleistocene, and that it melted during interglacials even during the late Pliocene climate deterioration.
A surge of North Gasherbrum Glacier, Karakoram, China
Authors: Mayer Christoph , Fowler Andrew C. , Lambrecht Astrid , Scharrer Kilian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBetween 2003 and 2007, North Gasherbrum Glacier on the northeastern slope of the Karakoram mountains in Asia underwent a dramatic acceleration, during which a velocity wave propagated down the glacier. There was a significant transfer of ice from up-glacier downstream, which resulted in a strong surface elevation increase over the lower tongue, but only a moderate advance of the glacier snout. We interpret this behaviour as that of a glacier surge, and we explain the observations by means of a simple version of the Kamb drainage-switching theory.
Transmission of solar radiation through the snow cover on floating ice
Authors: Järvinen Onni , Leppäranta Matti 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSpectral measurements of solar radiation in the band 400–900 nm were performed above and inside the snowpack in two locations in Finland, using a spectroradiometer. The transmittance and extinction coefficient were estimated for different snow layers. Four small candle-shaped photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensors were also used to measure the transfer of PAR inside the snowpack. In addition to the light measurements, physical characterization of snow stratigraphy was done, including the thickness, density, hardness (hand test), salinity, and grain size and shape (photographs of crystals). The transmittance varied from <1% (0–12 cm layer) to 80% (0–4 cm layer), and the extinction coefficient was between 0.03 cm−1(4–8 cm layer) and 0.8 cm−1(0–4 cm layer). The physical properties of the snow varied considerably between locations and days. The density of the snow varied between 140 and 480 kg m−3.