bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of hybrid membranes for fuel cell applications: EPDM filled with organophilized silicas
Authors: Escribano P. G. , Cánovas M. J. , Ojeda M. C. , dEL Río C. , Sánchez F. , Acosta J. L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis work reports on the preparation and characterization of hybrid membranes based on blends of ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer (EPDM) and different organophilized silicas. The films obtained were crosslinked to improve mechanical stability, and heterogeneously sulfonated to convert them in proton conducting systems. The structural characterization consisted on the analysis of their thermal and mechanodynamical transitions by DSC and DMA, the verification of the introduction of sulfonic groups by infrared spectroscopy (ATR), and the obtaining of information about the silica location and distribution within the polymer by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM‐EDX). The electrical characterization was made using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Also, methanol crossover and water up‐take were determined, and the results were compared with those of Nafion®117. Results show that sulfonation of the styrene rings has effectively occurred. Conductivity value is higher and methanol crossover is lower than in Nafion for all experimental samples. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1203–1210, 2009
IL1B polymorphisms modulate cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Levy Hara , Murphy Amy , Zou Fei , Gerard Craig , Klanderman Barbara , Schuemann Brooke , Lazarus Ross , García K. Christopher , Celedón Juan C. , Drumm Mitch , Dahmer Mary , Quasney Michael , Schneck Kaitlyn , Reske Melissa , Knowles Michael R. , Pier Gerald B. , Lange Christoph , Weiss Scott T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractRationaleVariability in pulmonary disease severity is found in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have identical mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. We hypothesized that one factor accounting for heterogeneity in pulmonary disease severity is variation in the family of genes affecting the biology of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), which impacts acquisition and maintenance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in animal models of chronic infection.MethodsWe genotyped 58 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL‐1 gene cluster in 808 CF subjects from the University of North Carolina and Case Western Reserve University (UNC/CWRU) joint cohort. All were homozygous for ΔF508, and categories of “severe” (cases) or “mild” (control subjects) lung disease were defined by the lowest or highest quartile of forced expired volume (FEV1) for age in the CF population. After adjustment for age and gender, genotypic data were tested for association with lung disease severity. Odds ratios (ORs) comparing severe versus mild CF were also calculated for each genotype (with the homozygote major allele as the reference group) for all 58 SNPs. From these analyses, nine SNPs with a moderate effect size, OR ≤0.5 or >1.5, were selected for further testing. To replicate the case‐control study results, we genotyped the same nine SNPs in a second population of CF parent–offspring trios (recruited from Children's Hospital Boston), in which the offspring had similar pulmonary phenotypes. For the trio analysis, both family‐based and population‐based associations were performed.ResultsSNPs rs1143634 and rs1143639 in the IL1B gene demonstrated a consistent association with lung disease severity categories (P < 0.10) and longitudinal analysis of lung disease severity (P < 0.10) in CF in both the case‐control and family‐based studies. In females, there was a consistent association (false discovery rate adjusted joint P‐value <0.06 for both SNPs) in both the analysis of lung disease severity in the UNC/CWRU cohort and the family‐based analysis of affection status.ConclusionOur findings suggest that IL1β is a clinically relevant modulator of CF lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:580–593. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato using antagonistic fungi, plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacteria and cattle manure
Authors: Siddiqui Zaki A , Futai Kazuyoshi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Biocontrol achieved by a single biocontrol agent is generally inconsistent under field conditions. The aim of the present study was to increase the competitiveness and efficacy of biocontrol agents by using them together with cattle manure.RESULTS: The effects of antagonistic fungi [Aspergillus niger v. Teigh., Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson and Penicillium chrysogenum Thom] and plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) [Azotobacter chroococcum Beijer., Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn and Pseudomonas putida (Trev.) Mig.] were assessed with cattle manure on the growth of tomato and on the reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita (Kof. & White) Chitwood. Application of antagonistic fungi and PGPR alone and in combination with cattle manure resulted in a significant increase in the growth of nematode‐inoculated plants. The highest increase (79%) in the growth of nematode‐inoculated plants was observed when P. putida was used with cattle manure, followed by use of P. lilacinus plus cattle manure. Paecilomyces lilacinus resulted in a high reduction in galling and nematode multiplication, followed by P. putida, B. subtilis, A. niger, A. chroococcum and P. chrysogenum. The combined use of P. lilacinus with cattle manure resulted in a maximum reduction in galling and nematode multiplication.CONCLUSION: Application of P. lilacinus or P. putida with cattle manure was useful to achieve greater biocontrol of M. incognita on tomato. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effentora: fentanyl buccal tablet for breakthrough cancer pain
Authors: Zeppetella Giovambattista 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEffentora is a new nonparenteral fentanyl for breakthrough cancer pain that is placed between the upper cheek and gum and is rapidly absorbed through the buccal mucosa. Here, the author discusses the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects and describes its place in treatment. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Menorrhagia: recommended treatments in primary care
Authors: Mohan Shruti , Page Louise , Rusman Vivian , Higham Jenny 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA range of surgical and nonsurgical treatments for menorrhagia are now available to suit the needs of most patients. Our Drug review discusses the properties and efficacy of current therapies, followed by sources of further information. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
South Devon Joint Formulary: a tool for cost‐effective prescribing
Authors: Roberts Jo , Gammie Shivaun 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe South Devon Joint Formulary is a joint venture between secondary and primary care and an established evidence‐based tool to support prescribing in South Devon. Here, the authors discuss how the joint formulary developed and its impact on local prescribing. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Vacancies in magnesium silicide – stoichiometric vacancies preferred?
Authors: Staab Torsten E. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMagnesium silicide (Mg2Si) in its calcium fluorite (CaF2) structure is a hardly investigated material up to now. However, it may play an important role in upcoming new materials for photovoltaic applications due to its semiconducting properties and the fact that it is consisting of non‐poisonous elements. On the other hand metastable phases of Mg2Si play an extremely important role in the hardening of 6xxx (AlMgSi‐based) aluminum alloys. Hence, it seems worth investigating the formation energy of vacancies in Mg2Si. In this paper we calculate the formation energy for vacancies on the different sublattices using the ab‐initio method SIESTA. While the values for the silicon (1.04 eV) and the magnesium vacancy (1.74 eV) lie in the expected range, the formation energy of the di‐vacancy and the stoichiometic tri‐vacancy turn out to be just 0.68 eV and 0.78 eV, respectively. This is smaller than the value for both mono‐vacancies. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS): a resist for OMCVD gold nanoparticle growth
Authors: Rezaee Asad , Wong Kenneth Kar Ho , Manifar Touraj , Mittler Silvia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOne application of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) is its use as thin film resists. In this work, we demonstrated that OTS SAMs can be reliable resists for organo‐metallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) grown gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). In optical sensing applications based on Au NPs, one candidate system consists of patterned OTS SAMs and precisely grown OMCVD Au NPs for achieving a high sensitivity. As an initial step, the OTS SAMs need to perfectly resist the OMCVD Au NP growth. Hence the optimized formation of the OTS SAMs affected by different assembly times and baking temperatures was studied by contact angle, ellipsometry, XPS, SEM, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). To demonstrate the ability of the OTS SAMs to resist OMCVD Au NP growth, the OMCVD process was carried out on two sets of samples: OTS SAMs fabricated under optimized conditions on one set and the other set without OTS SAMs. High‐resolution XPS, RBS, SEM, and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy were applied to study the growth of Au NPs on the samples with and without OTS SAM resists. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specifying features of an evolving software system
Authors: Tun Thein Than , Trew Tim , Jackson Michael , Laney Robin , Nuseibeh Bashar 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSoftware development is increasingly concerned with maintaining and extending existing software systems to meet the evolving user requirements. Many of these systems are feature‐rich and are developed incrementally. As structures of existing software systems—in addition to the user requirements—influence the specifications, specifying these systems poses unique challenges. This paper reports on our experience of applying an engineering approach to specifying an evolving feature‐rich television software system. In this approach, features are specified modularly by first fitting their problems to known problem patterns, and then analyzing typical concerns—meaning the potential causes of errors—associated with those patterns. In cases where the existing design poses difficulties when fitting problems to patterns, we transform its structure using known design mechanisms so that the problems fit the patterns. After deriving specifications of individual features, possible interactions between features are detected, before declaratively specifying resolutions to undesired interactions. As the concerns of features and their composition are addressed separately, the specifications derived are modular, thus, providing rich treaceability to their requirements. As well as discussing how features may be specified using natural language, we also show how their descriptions may be formalized using a form of temporal logic called the Event Calculus, and prove their correctness using an off‐the‐shelf tool. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthese, Röntgenstrukturanalyse und katalytische Aktivität neuer Erdalkalimetall‐Alkinkomplexe
Authors: Schumann Herbert , Steffens Alexandra , Hummert Markus 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSynthesis, X‐ray Structures and Catalytic Activity of New Alkyne Complexes of the Alkaline Earth MetalsMg[N(SiMe3)2]2(THF)2 (1) reacts with equal amounts of HC≡CPh and HC≡CSiMe3 in THF yielding [(Me3Si)2NMgC≡CPh(THF)]2 (2) and [(Me3Si)2NMgC≡CSiMe3(THF)]2 (3), respectively. The reactions of (C5HMe4)MgBu (4), prepared in situ from Mg(C5HMe4)2 and MgBu2, with HC≡CPh and HC≡CSiMe3 in THF afford [(C5HMe4)MgC≡CPh(THF)]2 (5) and (C5HMe4)MgC≡CSiMe3(THF)2 (6). The reaction of equivalent amounts of metallic Ca, C5H2Me4 and HC≡CPh results in the formation of [(C5HMe4)CaC≡CPh(THF)]2 (7). The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the new compounds as well as the single‐crystal X‐ray structures of 3, 5, and 6 are reported and discussed. The alkyne complexes 3, 5, 6, and 7 catalyze the polymerization of methylmethacrylate.
Superficial Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremities and Trunk
Authors: Lachenmayer Anja , Yang Qin , Eisenberger Claus F. , Boelke Edwin , Poremba Christopher , Heinecke Antje , Ohmann Christian , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Peiper Matthias 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundSuperficial soft tissue sarcomas (sSTS) are an important and frequent subtype of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). A wider knowledge of this tumor type may lead to better strategies in tumor therapy.MethodsAn institutional review was performed on all patients with primary sSTS of the extremities and trunk operated on between 1990 and 2003.ResultsThe medical records of 108 patients with sSTS were analyzed. The local recurrence rate was 11% after a median of 25 (mean 42) months. Metastases occurred in 21 patients (19%), and 79 patients lived without evidence of disease after a mean follow‐up of 112 ± 42 months. Mean survival time was 89 months at a cumulative 5‐year survival rate of 85%. R0 resection significantly enhanced cumulative survival (p =. 001), as did patient age < 60 years (p =. 002), tumor grading G1 and G2 compared to G3 (p =. 004), absence of positive lymph nodes (p =. 018), and no occurrence of metastases (p =. 001). Tumor size ≤ 5 cm reduced the local recurrence rate significantly (p =. 044). Significant multivariate risk factors for metastases were age ≥ 60 years (p =. 016) and tumor grade G3 (p =. 021).ConclusionsPatients with sSTS who are ≥60 years of age or who have G3 tumors have a high risk of distant metastases. Patients with T2 tumors have an elevated risk for local recurrence. Certainly all patients with sSTS should be in a tight after‐care program to allow early diagnosis of local recurrence or distant metastases. Age < 60 years, tumor grade G1/2, no positive regional lymph nodes (N0), and a R0 resection are significant prognostic factors for survival.
Continuous and Localized Mn Implantation of ZnO
Authors: Sanz R , Jensen J , González-Díaz G , Martínez O , Vázquez M , Hernández-Vélez M 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We present results derived from continuous and localized 35 keV55Mn+ion implantations into ZnO. Localized implantations were carried out by using self-ordered alumina membranes as masks leading to ordered arrays of implanted volumes on the substrate surfaces. Defects and vacancies in the small implantation volumes of ZnO were generated due to the implantation processes besides the creation of new phases. Rapid thermal annealing was applied in the case of continuous implantation. The samples were characterized by HRSEM, GIXRD, Raman spectroscopy and RBS/C. Magnetic characterization of the samples pointed out appreciable differences among the samples obtained by the different implantation methods. This fact was mainly attributed to the different volume/surface ratios present in the implanted zones as well as to the increase of Mn atom concentrations along the grain frontiers in the nanostructured surfaces. The samples also showed a ferromagnetic transition phase at temperature value higher than room temperature.
Independent risk factors for postoperative pain in need of intervention early after awakening from general anaesthesia
Authors: Mei Wei , Seeling Matthes , Franck Martin , Radtke Finn , Brantner Benedikt , Wernecke Klaus‐Dieter , Spies Claudia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDespite advances in postoperative pain management, the proportion of patients with moderate to severe postoperative pain is still ranging 20–80%. In this retrospective study, we investigated 1736 patients to determine the incidence of postoperative pain in need of intervention (PPINI)defined as numeric rating scale >4 at rest in the post anaesthesia care unit early after awakening from general anaesthesia, and to identify possible risk factors. The proportion of patients with PPINI was 28.5%. On multivariate analysis, younger age (OR = 1.300 [1.007–1.678], p = 0.044), female gender (OR = 1.494 [1.138–1.962], p = 0.004), obesity (OR = 1.683 [1.226–2.310], p = 0.001), use of nitrous oxide (OR = 1.621 [1.110–2.366], p = 0.012), longer duration of surgery (OR = 1.165 [1.050–1.292], p = 0.004), location of surgery (musculoskeletal OR = 2.026 [1.326–3.095], p = 0.001; intraabdominal OR = 1.869 [1.148–3.043], p = 0.012), and ASA‐PS I–II (OR = 1.519 [1.131–2.039], P = 0.005) were identified as independent risk factors for PPINI. Patients with PPINI experienced significantly more PONV (10.3% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.003), more psychomotor agitation (5.5% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.004), needed more application of opioid in PACU (62.8% vs. 24.2%, p < 0.001), stayed significantly longer in PACU (89.6 min [70–120] vs. 80 min [60–100], p < 0.001), had a longer median length of hospital stay (6.6 days [4.0–8.8] vs. 6.0 days [3.2–7.8]], p < 0.001), and longer postoperative stay (5.0 days [3.0–6.5] vs. 4.1 days [2.5–5.8], p < 0.001]). Patients with PPINI required more piritramid (8.0 mg [5.0–12.0] vs. 5.0 mg [3.0–7.8], p < 0.001) in PACU than patients without. The identification of patients at high risk for immediate postoperative pain in need of intervention would enable the formation of effective postoperative pain management programs.
PGE2‐induced lasting nociception to heat: Evidences for a selective involvement of A‐delta fibres in the hyperpathic component of hyperalgesia
Authors: Bastos Lúcia C. , Tonussi Carlos R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAnimal models for mechanical pressure or heat nociception usually only measure the threshold response latency. In this study, the effect of typical sensitising treatments on the lasting nocifensive behaviour elicited after a supra‐threshold heating stimulus – the hyperpathic component of hypernociception – was assessed. Male Wistar rats received either intra‐plantar (i.pl.) injection of 350 ng PGE2(50 μL) or topical application (t.a.) of 100% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and 10 mM capsaicin. One hour after the paw treatments the number of nocifensive events (NNE) was scored hourly (6 h), for 5 min, immediately after a hind paw immersion in hot water (50 °C/7 s). PGE2, DMSO and capsaicin increased the NNE ‐induced by the supra‐threshold stimuli. Indomethacin (2.5 mg/kg i.p.), given 30 min before paw treatments, completely inhibited NNE in all groups (P< 0.01). However, indomethacin given 60 min after PGE2did not reverse this sensitisation. PGE2and DMSO did not lower the heat threshold in the paw withdrawal test, although carrageenan and capsaicin were effective (P< 0.05). Capsaicin neonatal treatment (CNT) (50 mg/kg) reduced the sensitisation induced by DMSO and capsaicin (P< 0.01), but not that induced by PGE2. These data suggest that the heat‐induced lasting nociception is probably conveyed by Að nociceptors, and PGE2seems to be more selective to induce this phenomenon than the thermal threshold lowering. In addition, this hyperpathic effect induced by DMSO and capsaicin seems to be indirectly mediated by PGE2and C‐fibres.
Sublingual versus oral misoprostol for uterine evacuation following early pregnancy failure
Authors: Kushwah Beenu , Singh Abha 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of misoprostol administered sublingually or orally for uterine evacuation after early pregnancy failure.MethodForty‐eight hours after receiving 200 mg of mifepristone orally, 100 women were randomized to receive misoprostol sublingually or orally.ResultsThe evacuation rates were 92% in the sublingual and 84% in the oral administration group; the mean ± SD induction‐to‐evacuation intervals were 5.6 ± 4.54 hours and 9.44 ± 5.61 hours, this difference being significant; and the adverse effects were similar in the 2 groups.ConclusionThe sublingual route was found to be as effective but faster than the oral route for uterine evacuation after early pregnancy failure.
From reproductive choice to reproductive justice
Authors: Cook Rebecca J. , Dickens Bernard M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSince the 1994 Cairo Conference on Population and Development, the human rights movement has embraced the concept of reproductive rights. These are often pursued, however, by means to which objection is taken. Some conservative political and religious forces continue to resist implementation of several means of protecting and advancing reproductive rights. Individuals' rights to grant and to deny consent to medical procedures affecting their reproductive health and confidentiality have been progressively advanced. However, access to contraceptive services, while not necessarily opposed, is unjustifiably obstructed in some settings. Rights to lawful abortion have been considerably liberalized by legislative and judicial decisions, although resistance remains. Courts are increasingly requiring that lawful services be accommodated under transparent conditions of access and of legal protection. The conflict between rights of resort to lawful reproductive health services and to conscientious objection to participation is resolved by legal duties to refer patients to non‐objecting providers.
Clinical and Bacteriological Aspects of Impetigo Contagiosa
Authors: Barrow George I. 
Published: May 2009

Summary1. The results of an investigation into the clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological features of impetigo contagiosa, with special reference to the type identification of staphylococci and streptococci, are reported and discussed.2. Of 106 impetigo cases studied, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated alone from 86 lesions (81 %), Streptococcus pyogenes alone from 6 (5·6 %), and a mixed growth of Staph. aureus and haemolytic streptococci in 14 instances (13·2 %).3. Of the 100 strains of Staph. aureus isolated from impetigo lesions, 63 were identical in phage type (‘type 71’), and a further 17 were closely related (‘weak 71’).4. Only one representative of ‘type 71’, and 9 of ‘weak 71’, were obtained from 164 strains of Staph. aureus from 200 persons in three control groups.5. Of 90 strains of Staph. aureus from impetigo lesions, 64 (71 %) were resistant to penicillin. Of these penicillin-resistant strains, 54 (84 %) were of ‘type 71’, or close variants.6. Strep, pyogenes was probably causative in at least 6 of the 18 patients yielding this organism from lesions; it was presumed to be a secondary invader in the remainder.7. It is doubtful if nasal carriage is of importance in the epidemiology of impetigo.8. It is concluded that there is a specific ‘type’ of staphylococcus associated with this form of impetigo.