bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress, defective proteostasis and immunometabolic complications in critically ill patients
Authors: Galli Francesco , Bartolini Desirée , Ronco Claudio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOxidative stress (OS) develops in critically ill patients as a metabolic consequence of the immunoinflammatory and degenerative processes of the tissues. These induce increased and/or dysregulated fluxes of reactive species enhancing their pro‐oxidant activity and toxicity. At the same time, OS sustains its own inflammatory and immunometabolic pathogenesis, leading to a pervasive and vitious cycle of events that contribute to defective immunity, organ dysfunction and poor prognosis. Protein damage is a key player of these OS effects; it generates increased levels of protein oxidation products and misfolded proteins in both the cellular and extracellular environment, and contributes to forms DAMPs and other proteinaceous material to be removed by endocytosis and proteostasis processes of different cell types, as endothelial cells, tissue resident monocytes‐macrophages and peripheral immune cells. An excess of OS and protein damage in critical illness can overwhelm such cellular processes ultimately interfering with systemic proteostasis, and consequently with innate immunity and cell death pathways of the tissues thus sustaining organ dysfunction mechanisms. Extracorporeal therapies based on biocompatible/bioactive membranes and new adsorption techniques may hold some potential in reducing the impact of OS on the defective proteostasis of patients with critical illness. These can help neutralizing reactive and toxic species, also removing solutes in a wide spectrum of molecular weights thus improving proteostasis and its immunometabolic corelates. Pharmacological therapy is also moving steps forward which could help to enhance the efficacy of extracorporeal treatments. This narrative review article explores the aspects behind the origin and pathogenic role of OS in intensive care and critically ill patients, with a focus on protein damage as a cause of impaired systemic proteostasis and immune dysfunction in critical illness.
Pathways to care in youth and young adults at clinical high risk for psychosis in Switzerland: Current situation and clinical implementation of the PsyYoung project
Authors: Bailey Barbara , Solida Alessandra , Andreou Christina , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Conus Philippe , Mercapide Mathieu , Kasparidi Afrodite , Conchon Caroline , Sprüngli‐Toffel Elodie , Genoud Davina , Caron Camille , Golay Philippe , Curtis Logos , Herbrecht Evelyn , Huber Christian G. , Alameda Luis , Armando Marco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimWe aim to give an insight into the current situation in Switzerland concerning the pathways to care of young people with clinical high risk of psychosis. In a second step we propose a procedure of optimizing pathways to care developed within the project PsyYoung.MethodsA qualitative survey derived and adapted from Kotlicka‐Antczak et al. (2020) was conducted in large early detection services of three Swiss cantons (Geneva, Basel‐Stadt, Vaud) focusing on pathways to care. More specifically, using questionnaires delivered to the heads of participating services, information was collected on referral sources, on activities to implement outreach campaigns and on the use of a pre‐screening tool.ResultsMain results on referral source indicated that sources were variable but seemed to come primarily from the medical sector and more so from the psychiatric sector. Very few referrals came from non‐medical sectors. Outreach activities included the contact to other clinics as well as through brochures and posters. All services but one used the Prodromal Questionnaire – 16 as pre‐screening tool.ConclusionsAll in all, the results indicate a referral and care pathway system implemented mostly within the medical and particularly mental health sector. Accordingly, the PsyYoung project proposes a procedure for pathways to care which could help overcome the obstacle of referrals being restrained to a narrow field of mental health and to harmonize the referral process within services dedicated to the same aim of helping young people at high risk of developing a psychosis.
Race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status as predictors of outcome following family therapy in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Ruiz‐Yu Bernalyn , Le Thanh P. , Weintraub Marc J. , Zinberg Jamie , Addington Jean , O'Brien Mary P. , Walsh Barbara C. , Friedman‐Yakoobian Michelle , Auther Andrea , Cornblatt  , Domingues Isabel , Cannon Tyrone D. , Miklowitz David J. , Bearden Carrie E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThere is limited research on the effects of sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors on treatment outcomes in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHRp). This study examined sociodemographic factors that may affect functional outcomes within this population. Specifically, we investigated the influence of race/ethnicity (dichotomized as non‐Hispanic whites [NHW] vs. people of colour [POC]), socioeconomic status (SES; operationalized as parental years of education), and their interaction on change in psychosocial functioning and symptoms over 6 months in a randomized trial of family‐focused therapy.MethodsCHRp youth (N = 128) participated in a randomized trial of family therapy (18 sessions of family therapy vs. 3 sessions of family psychoeducation). Sixty‐four participants who self‐identified as POC and 64 self‐identified NHW participants completed baseline and 6‐month follow‐up measures of positive and negative symptoms and psychosocial (global, role, and social) functioning. Multiple regression models were conducted to test the main effect of race/ethnicity on changes in positive and negative symptoms and functioning, and whether this effect was moderated by parental education.ResultsThere was a significant interaction between race/ethnicity and parental education, such that higher parental education was associated with greater improvement in global functioning in NHW participants, but there was no relationship between parental education and global functioning in POC. Additionally, higher parental education was associated with a decrease in negative symptoms in NHW participants but not in POC. There were no significant effects of race/ethnicity or parental education on positive symptoms, nor on social or role functioning.ConclusionsClinicians may consider tailoring psychosocial treatments according to the needs of diverse families who vary in sociodemographic factors such as educational attainment and race/ethnicity.
Effectiveness of motivational interviewing on medication adherence for the prevention of recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wandscher Kathrin , Hoffmann Falk , Heesen Christoph , Thomalla Götz , Rahn Anne Christin , Helbach Jasmin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThis systematic review examines the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) on medication adherence for preventing recurrent stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA).MethodsMEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to 12 June 2023. Randomized controlled trials comparing MI with usual care or interventions without MI in participants with any stroke type were identified and summarized descriptively. Primary outcome was medication adherence. Secondary outcomes were quality of life (QoL) and different clinical outcomes. We assessed risk of bias with RoB 2 (revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool) and intervention complexity with the iCAT_SR (intervention Complexity Assessment Tool for Systematic Reviews).ResultsWe screened 691 records for eligibility and included four studies published in five articles. The studies included a total of 2751 participants, and three were multicentric. Three studies had a high risk of bias, and interventions varied in complexity. Two studies found significantly improved medication adherence, one at 9 (96.9% vs. 88.2%, risk ratio = 1.098, 95% confidence interval = 1.03–1.17) and one at 12 months (97.0% vs. 95.0%, p = 0.026), but not at other time points, whereas two other studies reported no significant changes. No significant differences were found in QoL or clinical outcomes.ConclusionsEvidence on MI appears inconclusive for improving medication adherence for recurrent stroke and TIA prevention, with no benefits on QoL and clinical outcomes. There is a need for robustly designed studies and process evaluations of MI as a complex intervention for people with stroke.RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42023433284).
Selection among critically endangered landlocked salmon (Salmo salar m. sebago) families in survival and growth traits across early life stages and in different environments
Authors: Janhunen Matti , Eronen Aslak , Kekäläinen Jukka , Primmer Craig R. , Donner Iikki , Hyvärinen Pekka , Huuskonen Hannu , Kortet Raine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEndangered wild fish populations are commonly supported by hatchery propagation. However, hatchery‐reared fish experience very different selective pressures compared to their wild counterparts, potentially causing genotype‐by‐environment interactions (G × E) in essential fitness traits. We experimentally studied early selection in a critically endangered landlocked Atlantic salmon population, first from fertilization to the swim‐up stage in a common hatchery setting, and thereafter until the age of 5 months in two contrasting rearing environments. Swim‐up progeny were moved either to standard indoor hatchery tanks involving conventional husbandry or to seminatural outdoor channels providing only natural food. After the first summer, sampled survivors were assigned to their families by genotyping. Early survival until the swim‐up stage was mostly determined by maternal effects, but also involved significant variation due to sires and full‐sib families (potential genetic effects). High on‐growing survival in hatchery tanks (88.7%) maintained a more even distribution among families (relative share 1.5%–4.2%) than the seminatural environment (0.0%–5.4%). This heterogeneity was mostly maternal, whereas no independent paternal effect occurred. Heritability estimates were high for body size traits in both environments (0.62–0.69). Genetic correlations between the environments were significantly positive for body size traits (0.67–0.69), and high body condition in hatchery was also genetically linked to rapid growth in the seminatural environment (0.54). Additive and phenotypic growth variation increased in the seminatural environment, but scaling effects probably played a less significant role for G × E, compared to re‐ranking of genotypes. Our results suggest that not only maternal effects, but also genetic effects, direct selection according to the environmental conditions experienced. Consistently high genetic variation in growth implies that, despite its low overall genetic diversity and long history in captive rearing (>50 years), this landlocked Atlantic salmon population still possesses adaptive potential for response to change from hatchery rearing back to more natural conditions.
Diagnostic performance of linked color imaging for gastric cancer by Helicobacter pylori infection status: A subanalysis of the large‐scale, multicenter randomized controlled trial LCI‐FIND
Authors: Kato Mototsugu , Ono Shoko , Kawada Kenro , Dohi Osamu , Kitamura Shinji , Koike Tomoyuki , Hori Shinichiro , Kanzaki Hiromitsu , Murao Takahisa , Yagi Nobuaki , Sasaki Fumisato , Hashiguchi Keiichi , Oka Shiro , Katada Kazuhiro , Shimoda Ryo , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Suehiro Mitsuhiko , Takeuchi Toshihisa , Katsuki Shinichi , Tsuda Momoko , Naito Yuji , Kawano Tatsuyuki , Haruma Ken , Mori Keita , Ishikawa Hideki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLinked color imaging (LCI) is a new image enhancement technology that facilitates the recognition of subtle differences in mucosal color. In the large‐scale, multicenter randomized controlled trial LCI‐FIND, LCI demonstrated good diagnostic performance for the detection of tumor lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to exploratively evaluate the diagnostic performance of LCI according to H. pylori infection status as a subanalysis of LCI‐FIND trial.MethodsThe patients were randomly allocated to receive white light imaging (WLI) first, followed by LCI (WLI group), or vice versa (LCI group), and the two groups were compared for the detection of tumors. Data from this trial were analyzed by the presence/absence of H. pylori infection and further analyzed by successful or unsuccessful eradication in the H. pylori infection group.ResultsThe 752 patients in the WLI group and 750 patients in the LCI group who had participated in the LCI‐FIND trial were included. In the successful eradication group, more gastric lesions were detected by primary mode in the LCI group than in the WLI group, indicating that more lesions were missed by WLI. Fisher's exact probability test for the comparison of the WLI and LCI groups yielded a p‐value of 0.0068, with missed gastric lesions being detected 0.136 times (95% confidence interval: 0.020–0.923), significantly less with LCI than with WLI.ConclusionThe current study suggests that LCI should be used for gastric cancer screening, particularly in patients with successful H. pylori eradication.
Fabrication and characterisation of electrospun zein‐based fibres functionalised by caffeic and p‐coumaric acid for potential active packaging applications
Authors: Noman Ragda Rashad Abdulhameed , Wong Chee Sien , Law Kung Pui , Neo Yun Ping 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThis study focused on the fabrication of zein‐based coatings functionalised by two phenolic acids, caffeic acid (CA) and p‐coumaric acid (pCA), using electrospinning. The electrospun fibres were fabricated with three different concentrations (5%, 10% and 20% w/w) of CA and pCA individually. The average fibre diameter (AFD) increased due to the addition of phenolic acids. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that degradation temperatures of the zein electrospun fibres were not significantly affected (P > 0.05) after the incorporation of CA and pCA. Meanwhile, interactions between zein and the phenolic acids were indicated by surface characterisation. CA‐loaded zein electrospun fibres exhibited increasing antioxidant activity with increasing CA concentration. Both phenolic acid‐loaded zein electrospun fibres displayed favourable antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli foodborne pathogens. Overall, zein electrospun fibres with 20% w/w CA demonstrated the most desirable properties for potential active food packaging application.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing of Frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips, via embryonic microinjection
Authors: Han Jinlong , Klobasa William , de Oliveira Lucas , Rotenberg Dorith , Whitfield Anna E. , Lorenzen Marcé D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, poses a significant challenge in global agriculture as a notorious pest and a vector of economically significant orthotospoviruses. However, the limited availability of genetic tools for F. occidentalis hampers the advancement of functional genomics and the development of innovative pest control strategies. In this study, we present a robust methodology for generating heritable mutations in F. occidentalis using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. Two eye‐colour genes, white (Fo‐w) and cinnabar (Fo‐cn), frequently used to assess Cas9 function in insects were identified in the F. occidentalis genome and targeted for knockout through embryonic microinjection of Cas9 complexed with Fo‐w or Fo‐cn specific guide RNAs. Homozygous Fo‐w and Fo‐cn knockout lines were established by crossing mutant females and males. The Fo‐w knockout line revealed an age‐dependent modification of eye‐colour phenotype. Specifically, while young larvae exhibit orange‐coloured eyes, the colour transitions to bright red as they age. Unexpectedly, loss of Fo‐w function also altered body colour, with Fo‐w mutants having a lighter coloured body than wild type, suggesting a dual role for Fo‐w in thrips. In contrast, individuals from the Fo‐cn knockout line consistently displayed bright red eyes throughout all life stages. Molecular analyses validated precise editing of both target genes. This study offers a powerful tool to investigate thrips gene function and paves the way for the development of genetic technologies for population suppression and/or population replacement as a means of mitigating virus transmission by this vector.
Root canal conicity determination of primary second molars using nanotomography: An in vitro study
Authors: Lucisano Marília Pacífico , Ramos Gilmer Torres , Blanco‐Victorio Daniel José , Ramírez‐Sotelo Laura Ricardina , Lima Ricardo Barbosa , Nelson‐Filho Paulo , da Silva Raquel Assed Bezerra , Miranda Jessica Arieta , da Silva Léa Assed Bezerra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe conicity of the root canals of primary teeth is an important measure for endodontic therapies. However, determining this conicity depends on the methods employed, which requires further investigation.AimThe aim of this study was to determine the conicity of the root canals of the upper and lower primary second molars using nanotomography (nCT).DesignAn in vitro study was performed using nine primary second molars, both upper and lower, subjected to nCT. Comparisons between the diameters of root canals were performed between the thirds (cervical—D0, middle—D5, and apical—D7). The conicity (%) was determined for each root canal from cervical to apical. Data were statistically analyzed with a significance level of 5%.ResultsThe conicity ranged from 2% to 8% for the upper primary second molars. Significant differences in root canal diameter between the thirds (D0, D5, and D7 points) were observed in the mesio‐ and distobuccal roots (p < .05), but not in the palatal roots (p > .05). For the lower primary second molars, the conicity ranged from 2% to 17%, as well as significant differences in root canal diameter between the thirds (D0, D5, and D7 points) were observed in all roots (distal, mesiobuccal, and mesiolingual; p < .05).ConclusionThe conicity of the upper primary second molars was different from that of the lower ones, which showed a greater variability.
Channelling feedback through audiovisual presentations: Do higher education students perceive, use and benefit from video feedback compared to written feedback?
Authors: Máñez Ignacio , Skrobiszewska Noemi , Descals Adela , Cantero María José , Cerdán Raquel , García Óscar Fernando , García‐Ros Rafael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDelivering effective feedback to large groups of students represents a challenge for the academic staff at universities. Research suggests that undergraduate students often ignore the Elaborated Feedback (EF) received via digital learning environments. This may be because instructors provide feedback in written format instead of using more engaging channels (e.g., audiovisual).ObjectivesThis quasi‐experimental study examines the extent to which feedback format (video vs. written) influences students' perceptions of feedback, their decision to access EF messages related to high‐stakes assignments in digital environments, and its impact on academic performance, while considering the effect of their academic engagement.MethodsA total of 171 undergraduate students received generic EF messages through a learning platform the day after submitting each course assignment. 78 students received EF in written format and 93 in video format.Results and ConclusionsOur results showed that feedback format influenced students' decision to access EF and their academic performance, but not their feedback perceptions. Students in the written‐feedback group accessed EF messages more often, but students who received video‐feedback performed better than their counterparts in the written‐feedback group. Moderation analysis showed that the relationship between the feedback format and students' academic performance was moderated by their academic engagement, suggesting that students with lower levels of academic engagement may benefit from video‐feedback.TakeawaysThe results reveal that using video feedback in digital environments may influence students' decisions to process EF and their academic achievement, especially when it comes to students with lower levels of academic engagement.
Pancreatic beta‐cell mass and function and therapeutic implications of using antidiabetic medications in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Moon Joon Ho , Choe Hun Jee , Lim Soo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNowadays, the focus of diabetes treatment has switched from lowering the glucose level to preserving glycemic homeostasis and slowing the disease progression. The main pathophysiology of both type 1 diabetes and long‐standing type 2 diabetes is pancreatic β‐cell mass loss and dysfunction. According to recent research, human pancreatic β‐cells possess the ability to proliferate in response to elevated insulin demands. It has been demonstrated that in insulin‐resistant conditions in humans, such as obesity or pregnancy, the β‐cell mass increases. This ability could be helpful in developing novel treatment approaches to restore a functional β‐cell mass. Treatment strategies aimed at boosting β‐cell function and mass may be a useful tool for managing diabetes mellitus and stopping its progression. This review outlines the processes of β‐cell failure and detail the many β‐cell abnormalities that manifest in people with diabetes mellitus. We also go over standard techniques for determining the mass and function of β‐cells. Lastly, we provide the therapeutic implications of utilizing antidiabetic drugs in controlling the mass and function of pancreatic β‐cells.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy between linked color imaging and autofluorescence imaging in patients with ulcerative colitis: A prospective observational study
Authors: Sugiyama Yuya , Takahashi Keitaro , Sasaki Takahiro , Ueno Nobuhiro , Watanabe Hiromu , Iribe Kohei , Sekiguchi Shunya , Tachibana Shion , Kobayashi Yu , Ando Katsuyoshi , Kashima Shin , Moriichi Kentaro , Tanabe Hiroki , Yuzawa Sayaka , Fujiya Mikihiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimImage enhancement endoscopy techniques, such as linked color imaging (LCI) and autofluorescence imaging (AFI), have shown promise in diagnosing mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, no studies have directly compared the diagnostic efficacy of LCI and AFI. This prospective observational study aimed to compare their diagnostic accuracy for histological healing in UC.MethodsThis study included 81 UC patients, resulting in a total of 204 endoscopic images captured using LCI and AFI, respectively. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients assessed the correlation between LCI and AFI coloration and Geboes histopathology score (GHS). Six endoscopists, who were blinded to clinicopathological features, evaluated these images, and subsequently, the diagnostic accuracy was evaluated.ResultsSpearman's rank correlation coefficients between LCI index, AFI index (reverse gamma value), and GHS were 0.324 and −0.428, respectively (P < 0.001), indicating a significant correlation between LCI and AFI coloration and histological healing. In LCI and AFI classifications, mean values for diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 76.3 ± 2.2 versus 77.8 ± 2.7, 91.8 ± 4.0 versus 83.2 ± 7.6, 53.4 ± 10.0 versus 70.0 ± 5.3, 74.0 ± 3.5 versus 80.0 ± 1.6, and 82.9 ± 5.2 versus 75.5 ± 7.5, respectively. No significant difference in diagnostic accuracy existed between LCI and AFI classifications. However, LCI displayed higher sensitivity than AFI while AFI showed higher specificity compared with LCI (P < 0.05).ConclusionsLCI and AFI offer comparable diagnostic accuracy for histological healing. Clinically, it is necessary to recognize diagnostic features characterized by higher sensitivity in LCI and greater specificity in AFI.