bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of antibiotics during pregnancy: A cross‐sectional study of knowledge, attitude, and practices among antenatal care attendees in Northern Ghana
Authors: Vicar Ezekiel K. , Walana Williams , Fordjour Rosemond A. , Benneh Christiana , Bentil Rosemond E. , Wuffelle Gifty M. , Osabutey Emmanuel K. , Nachinab Gilbert , Obeng‐Bempong Mauvina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsThe promotion of rational use of antibiotics among pregnant women is eminent not only for the risk of teratogenicity in the developing fetus but also the risk of drug resistance with its concomitant high cost of health care. Studies on antibiotic self‐medication among pregnant women in Northern Ghana are rare. Improving the knowledge and awareness among the vulnerable groups about the appropriate use of antibiotics can help in limiting the antibiotic resistance menace. We, therefore, conducted this study to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward antibiotic use among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at a primary health care in Tolon, Northern Region, Ghana.MethodWe conducted a cross‐sectional study using an interviewer‐administered questionnaire to assess the KAP of 702 pregnant women on antibiotic use. This study was conducted in the Tolon Health Center (THC) from March 2021 and ended in October 2021.ResultsIn this study, 55.6% of pregnant women had good knowledge and 45.3% of them had engaged in self‐medication with antibiotics while pregnant. There were statistically significant associations between participants' background and obstetric characteristics and knowledge of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, except for age, marital status, and parity. Also, there was a significant association between pregnant women's knowledge and self‐medication or over‐the‐counter purchase of antibiotics.ConclusionWe concluded that higher education level, monthly income, good practice, and good knowledge were significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of self‐medication with antibiotics. A well‐structured education that could be easily accepted and understood by pregnant women on the risks of antibiotic self‐medication should be included in the routine education at the antenatal clinics.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) for potential therapeutic application
Authors: Dubey Debasmita , Meher Rajesh Kumar , Pradhan Biswaranjan , Induar Sadhni , Kar Biswakanth , Naik Pradeep Kumar , Chandra Behera Bikash 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDWoodfordia fruticosa is a well‐known medicinal plant traditionally used for various treatment methods. Green synthesis of silver nanocomposite with woodfordia flower extract is well‐investigated. However, the therapeutic potential of Woodfordia fruticosa leaf extract silver nanoparticles against various diseases has yet to be investigated.RESULTSSilver nanoparticles synthesized from Woodfordia fruticosa leaf extract (Wf‐AgNPs) showed UV spectral peaks at 450 nm. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images, ranging from 20 to 50 nm, confirm the nanosynthesis. The average particle size of 39.63 nm with a zeta potential distribution value 17.0 was observed. Fourier transform infrared peaks ranging from 2942to 669 cm−1 confirm the amines, amides, carboxylic, aldehyde, alkane, phenolic and aliphatic bromo compounds involved in the synthesis of AgNPs. Wf‐AgNPs showed higher antioxidant activity compared to the ascorbic acid and BHT. The phenolic and flavonoid content was 141.66 ± 8.50 mg GAE/100 g dry weight and 191.66 ± 5.6 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g dry weight, respectively. Wf‐AgNPs showed a strong inverse relationship between the dose and viability of the cancer cells. The antibacterial properties of Wf‐AgNPs were confirmed through the bacteria's SEM images. Increased wound healing potential, re‐epithelization and elevation of the tensile strength of the infected skin tissue were observed after applying synthesized Wf‐AgNPs.CONCLUSIONVarious phytochemicals in the synthesized nanoparticles confer antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and wound‐curing potentiality to the Wf‐AgNPs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Quantifying the retrieval uncertainties associated with systematic and random errors in multi‐satellite‐only precipitation estimates over the Chinese mainland
Authors: Shen Zhehui , Yong Bin , Wu Hao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCharacterizing the uncertainties in retrieval, which include both systematic and random errors, of satellite‐derived precipitation products (SPPs) is crucial for the development of bias correction techniques aimed at enhancing the accuracy of precipitation retrieval algorithms. This study aimed to comprehensively and quantitatively analyse the retrieval uncertainties in various SPPs across different seasons, climate regions, precipitation rates, and elevations. Three satellite‐only SPPs from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, namely the TRMM Multi‐satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA‐rt) and the Integrated Multi‐satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG‐early and IMERG‐late), were tested at the daily scale from April 2014 to March 2018, benchmarked by ~2400 weather stations in China. In comparison to TMPA‐rt, both IMERG‐early and IMERG‐late exhibited reduced systematic errors across the majority of western China, particularly over the Tibetan Plateau during the summer. The percentages of systematic errors increased gradually with the rise in rainfall intensities and became predominant in all three SPPs beyond rain rates of 50 mm·day−1. Moreover, the systematic error ratios of IMERG products generally exhibited an upward trend with increasing elevation, whereas this feature is not significant in TMPA‐rt. In contrast to TMPA‐rt, the two IMERG‐based SPPs demonstrated much lower magnitudes of random errors in all climate regions over the Chinese mainland, although they did not exhibit a significant reduction in systematic errors. However, these two IMERG products still suffer from certain uncertainties in the mountainous regions of western China during winter, primarily stemming from deficiencies in the IMERG retrieval system in the snow/ice‐cover areas. In summary, it appears timely for this study to intercompare and quantify the systematic and random errors in mainstream SPPs from TRMM to GPM, providing insights for future algorithm upgrades and data generation.
Manometric findings in children with eosinophilic esophagitis and persistent post‐remission dysphagia
Authors: Yogev Dotan , Dorfman Lev , Mansi Sherief , El‐Chammas Khalil , Lyles John , Mukkada Vincent , Kaul Ajay 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesDysphagia is a frequent symptom of active eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), but at times it persists despite attaining histologic healing and lack of fibro‐stenotic changes. We aimed to describe the manometric findings in this subset of patients.MethodsA retrospective review of charts between 2013 and 2023 at a tertiary pediatric gastroenterology center, treating roughly 1500 EoE patients per year. We included children with EoE referred to high‐resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) for persistent dysphagia despite histologic healing (i.e., <15 eosinophils/high‐power field [Eos/hpf]). Data including initial EoE diagnosis, endoscopy reports, esophageal biopsies, treatment regimens, and HRIM were retrospectively collected.ResultsThe estimated prevalence of post‐remission dysphagia in our cohort was exceedingly rare (<0.05%). Four patients met the eligibility criteria of histologic remission and absence of fibro‐stenotic features on endoscopic evaluation and thus, were included in this case series. Patients achieved remission with steroids, proton‐pump inhibitor, or both within a median time of 5 months from diagnosis. Peak Eosinophil count at remission was ≤5 Eos/hpf in three patients and ≤10 Eos/hpf in one. On HRIM, all four patients had a hypomotile esophagus and abnormal bolus clearance. Lower esophageal sphincter integrated relaxation pressure values were normal in three patients and elevated in one. Two patients were diagnosed with ineffective esophageal motility, one with aperistalsis and one with achalasia type 1.ConclusionsPost‐remission dysphagia is rare in EoE. Esophageal dysmotility with a hypomotile pattern may contribute to the persistent dysphagia in children with EoE. HRIM should be considered in patients with EoE in whom symptoms persist despite histologic remission.
Occupational skin cancer screening: Results of a cross‐sectional study at the city drainage company Munich
Authors: Mayer K. E. , Schreier M. , Gross C. , Wasserer S. , Kranen K. , Wustrow P. , Biedermann T. , Zink A. , Persa O.‐D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundSince skin cancer incidence and prevalence are rising steadily, the prevention of skin cancer has gained importance. People with high sun exposure at work are at special risk, and prevention measures by the employer may lower the risk, especially for keratinocyte carcinoma.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the results of a large‐scale skin cancer screening campaign at the city drainage company Munich where the cohort consisted mainly of outdoor workers.MethodsIn 2023, a skin cancer screening campaign was conducted at the city drainage company Munich. Sun exposure and protection measures of each participant were assessed using a questionnaire. Dermatologists identified clinical signs for sun damage and skin cancer by whole‐body skin examination.ResultsA total of 290 participants (72.8% male; mean age 43.7 ± 11.5 years) were enroled. 36.6% showed clinical signs of sun damage correlating with male gender, higher age, and more hours spent outdoors per day. Clinical examination revealed a suspect finding of skin cancer, a preliminary stage, or a lesion requiring clinical control to avoid skin cancer development in 19.3% of participants. Participants with atypical melanocytic lesions were mostly female and showed a high skin cancer awareness. This was concluded from the fewer signs of sun damage, a higher percentage of previous screening participation, and more regular self‐examination.ConclusionsWhole‐body examination for skin cancer screening at work is a valuable tool to encourage participation in this preventive measure. It may help identify people at risk either by clinical signs for sun damage or risk exposure which can be assessed with a simple questionnaire. Based on this result, the screening interval may be adopted individually.
Diffusion‐weighted MR spectroscopy of the prostate
Authors: Stamatelatou Angeliki , Rizzo Rudy , Simsek Kadir , van Asten Jack J A , Heerschap Arend , Scheenen Tom , Kreis Roland 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeProstate tissue has a complex microstructure, mainly composed of epithelial and stromal cells, and of extracellular (acinar‐luminal) spaces. Diffusion‐weighted MR spectroscopy (DW‐MRS) is ideally suited to explore complex microstructure in vivo with metabolites selectively distributed in different subspaces. To date, this technique has been applied to brain and muscle. This study presents the development and pioneering utilization of 1H‐DW‐MRS in the prostate, accompanied by in vitro studies to support interpretations of in vivo findings.MethodsNine healthy volunteers underwent a prostate MR examination (mean age, 56 years; range, 31–66). Metabolic complexation was studied in vitro using solutions with major compounds found in prostatic fluid of the lumen. DW‐MRS was performed at 3 T with a non–water‐suppressed single‐voxel sequence with metabolite‐cycling to concurrently measure metabolite and water signals. The water signal was used in postprocessing as a reference in a motion‐compensation scheme. The spectra were fitted simultaneously in the spectral and diffusion‐weighting dimensions. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were derived by fitting signal decays that were assumed to be mono‐exponential for metabolites and biexponential for water.ResultsDW‐MRS of the prostate revealed relatively low ADCs for Cho and Cr compounds, aligning with their intracellular location and higher ADCs for citrate and spermine supporting their luminal origin. In vitro assessments of the ADCs of citrate and spermine demonstrated their complex formation and protein binding. Tissue concentrations of MRS‐detectable metabolites were as expected for the voxel location.ConclusionsThis work successfully demonstrates the feasibility of 1H‐DW‐MRS of the prostate and its potential for providing valuable microstructural information.
Digital reference object toolkit of breast DCE MRI for quantitative evaluation of image reconstruction and analysis methods
Authors: Bae Jonghyun , Tan Zhengguo , Solomon Eddy , Huang Zhengnan , Heacock Laura , Moy Linda , Knoll Florian , Kim Sungheon Gene 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop a digital reference object (DRO) toolkit to generate realistic breast DCE‐MRI data for quantitative assessment of image reconstruction and data analysis methods.MethodsA simulation framework in a form of DRO toolkit has been developed using the ultrafast and conventional breast DCE‐MRI data of 53 women with malignant (n = 25) or benign (n = 28) lesions. We segmented five anatomical regions and performed pharmacokinetic analysis to determine the ranges of pharmacokinetic parameters for each segmented region. A database of the segmentations and their pharmacokinetic parameters is included in the DRO toolkit that can generate a large number of realistic breast DCE‐MRI data. We provide two potential examples for our DRO toolkit: assessing the accuracy of an image reconstruction method using undersampled simulated radial k‐space data and assessing the impact of the field inhomogeneity on estimated parameters.ResultsThe estimated pharmacokinetic parameters for each region showed agreement with previously reported values. For the assessment of the reconstruction method, it was found that the temporal regularization resulted in significant underestimation of estimated parameters by up to 57% and 10% with the weighting factor λ = 0.1 and 0.01, respectively. We also demonstrated that spatial discrepancy of and increase to about 33% and 51% without correction for field.ConclusionWe have developed a DRO toolkit that includes realistic morphology of tumor lesions along with the expected pharmacokinetic parameter ranges. This simulation framework can generate many images for quantitative assessment of DCE‐MRI reconstruction and analysis methods.
Surgical and clinical determinants of postoperative Hirschsprung‐associated enterocolitis: Multivariate analysis in a large cohort
Authors: Wang Guoyong , Gao Kai , Zhang Rensen , Liu Qianyang , Kang Cailong , Guo Chunbao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research meticulously explores the diverse factors influencing the occurrence of Hirschsprung‐associated enterocolitis (HAEC) subsequent to surgical interventions for congenital megacolon. Considering that Hirschsprung's Disease (HSCR) management predominantly necessitates excision of the aganglionic intestinal segment, the study specifically delineates the correlation between the extent of the excised intestinal segment and the HAEC risk post‐surgery. An analysis of clinical data from 505 patients spanning 2012–2022 enabled a comparison of clinical attributes between patients with and without postoperative HAEC, the application of statistical analyses to identify factors significantly correlating with HAEC, and the determination of independent risk factors via a Logistic regression model. Findings indicate a significant association between preoperative conditions, HSCR variants, and the excised intestinal segment's length with HAEC risk, identifying resection length and albumin levels as independent risk factors. Notably, an increase in resection length by 1 cm correlates with a 9.8% rise in postoperative HAEC risk, whereas a 1 g/L elevation in albumin levels corresponds to a 5.6% risk reduction. Subgroup analyses reaffirm that, across all HSCR variants, an extended resection length significantly elevates HAEC risk. This study underscores the critical roles of albumin levels and the length of the resected intestinal segment as independent risk factors for HAEC post‐congenital megacolon surgery, providing essential insights for clinical strategies aimed at mitigating HAEC risk and enhancing patient care outcomes.
Mental health consequences of academic stress, amotivation, and coaching experience: A study of India's top engineering undergraduates
Authors: Maji Sucharita , Chaturmohta Ansh , Deevela Diveesha , Sinha Samridhi , Tarsolia Shruti , Barsaiya Aryan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe growing number of suicide cases in India's top engineering institutions indicates a mental health emergency. Deteriorated mental health status of engineering students has been a major concern for social scientists, policymakers, educationists, and parents. Nevertheless, not much academic research has addressed this issue. The current study aims to explore the anteceding factors associated with mental health crises among engineering students. This study relies on a sequential exploratory mixed‐method design. In the first phase, 16 undergraduate students were interviewed to explore the anteceding factors that deteriorate their mental health status. Based on the qualitative findings, we developed a hypothesized model. In the second phase, this model is tested through a quantitative study (N = 395). Inductive thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews revealed that students' mental health status (stress and guilt‐related symptoms) was associated with (a) centrality of engineering identity, (b) parental pressure, (c) academic stress during the coaching period and college years, (d) upward social comparison, and (e) motivation‐related factors (intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and academic amotivation). Based on this finding, a model is developed that connects academic amotivation, intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, academic stress, and the mental health status of the students. The quantitative study results indicated that academic amotivation significantly mediates the relationship between academic stress and mental health status. Moreover, male engineering students score significantly higher in mental health status and significantly lower in extrinsic motivation‐identified than female students. The study concludes that academic stress is a key issue in determining amotivation and deteriorated mental health status of engineering undergraduates.
Transboundary migration of Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) among China, Russia and Mongolia
Authors: Huang Shao‐zhe , Zhang Lei , Xie Dian‐jie , Tang Ji‐hong , Jiang Yu‐ying , Mijidsuren Byambasuren , Baasan Munkhtsetseg , Luo Li‐zhi , Jiang Xing‐fu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis, a worldwide pest of many crops, performs a seasonal migration, causing periodic outbreaks in Asia, Europe and North America. Although long‐distance migration is well documented in China, patterns of transboundary migration among China, Russia and Mongolia are largely unknown. We performed a phase analysis of L. sticticalis periodic outbreaks among three countries based on 30 years of historical population data, analyzed the wind systems during migration over boundary regions, and traced the migratory routes in a case study of outbreaks in 2008 by trajectory simulation.RESULTSHighly synchronized outbreak years of L. sticticalis were observed between China and Mongolia, China and eastern Siberia, China and western Siberia, Mongolia and eastern Siberia, eastern Siberia and western Siberia from 1978 to 2008, indicating possible transboundary migration between these regions. Winds at 300–600 m altitude, where adult migration usually occurs, also showed a high probability of northwestern winds in Haila'er (China), Chita (Russia) and Choybalsan (Mongolia), favoring successful adult migration from these areas to northern and northeastern China. Back trajectory analysis further showed that the first‐generation adults that caused the severe outbreak of second‐generation larvae in 2008 originated from eastern Siberia, eastern Mongolia, and the boundary regions of China–Russia and China–Mongolia.CONCLUSIONOur findings demonstrated that the source of L. sticticalis outbreaks in northern China was closely related to the outbreaks in Siberia and Mongolia via long‐distance transboundary windborne migration. This information will help guide international monitoring and management strategies against this notorious pest. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Theoretical study on the differences in donor‐acceptor interaction and electron transition mechanism in Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes
Authors: Chang Yu , Hang Xiao‐Chun , Zhang Cong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe relativistic effect enhances spin‐orbit coupling (SOC), making metal complexes potential candidates for phosphorescent OLED emitters. However, the relativistic effect profoundly influences the donor and acceptor interactions (D‐A), resulting in unique electron transition processes. By stabilizing the s orbitals and destabilizing the d orbitals of the center metal atom, the relativistic effect enhances donation, back donation, and the trans effect in PtN1N more than in PdN1N. Particularly, the back donation in PtN1N is approximately four times greater than that in PdN1N, contributing to the greater stability and rigidity in PtN1N. Furthermore, the relativistic effect enhances the SOC and reduces the excitation energy and stabilizes the excited states of PtN1N. Consequently, the radiative decay rate and non‐radiative rate are accelerated simultaneously. The reverse intersystem crossing rate in PdN1N is accelerated by high temperature, which is responsible for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF).
Glandular papilloma in lung parenchyma
Authors: Zhang Minlong , Guo Yinghua , Yang Cuiping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSolitary respiratory papilloma is a rare epithelial tumour that can be categorized into multiple subtypes. The glandular type (Glandular papilloma, GP) is the rarest. Most GP occurs in the proximal airways and is only rarely found in the lung parenchyma. In this article, we reported a case of GP in lung parenchyma.
Disturbance observer–based finite‐time fault tolerant control of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles with command filtered and event‐triggered techniques
Authors: Sun Yue , Gai Yulin , Chen Ming , Wang Huanqing , Peng Kaixiang , Wu Libing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article primarily focuses on the finite‐time fault‐tolerant tracking control problem of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems. Our main innovation points are: (1) A simple cubic form of Lyapunov function is applied to the design of the position ring controller of the quadrotor UAV; (2) The command filtering technology effectively solves the challenge of derivation of complex coupling matrixs in the controller design process; (3) An improved disturbance observer and a variable threshold event‐triggered mechanism are applied in the Quadrotor UAV system. In summary, the overall approach combines the backstepping method and finite‐time Lyapunov stability to prove the finite‐time stability of all the signals in the system. Finally, the effectiveness and rationality of the algorithm are verified through simulation experiments and its application on an actual simulation platform.