bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus fractions in poultry litter as affected by flue‐gas desulphurization gypsum and litter stacking
Authors: Mishra A. , Cabrera M. L. , Rema J. A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPrevious research has shown that the addition of flue‐gas desulphurization (FGD) gypsum to poultry litter decreases water‐soluble P. No information is currently available, however, on extractable P fractions in poultry litter and P availability as affected by gypsum. The first objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of incubation time and rate of gypsum addition to litter alone or litter mixed with soil on total P and inorganic P in sequential extracts of H2O, 0.5 m NaHCO3, 0.1 m NaOH and 1 m HCl. Poultry litter was mixed with 25, 50, or 75% gypsum (by weight) and incubated alone or mixed with soil for 63–93 days at 25 °C, with periodic sequential extractions. For litter alone or litter mixed with soil, adding gypsum decreased total P and inorganic P in the H2O fraction and increased both P forms in the NaHCO3 fraction. These changes did not affect plant P availability as measured by Mehlich‐1 P. Increasing incubation time decreased total P and inorganic P in the H2O fraction of litter alone or litter mixed with soil, which was apparently caused by P immobilization by fungi. A second objective of this study was to evaluate P in the H2O and NaHCO3 fractions of litter as affected by stacking time and depth. Litter was stacked to a height of 1.2 m with samples taken immediately after stacking and 31 days later to be sequentially extracted for total P and inorganic P. Stacking time did not affect P in the H2O fraction, but it increased P in the NaHCO3 fraction by 25%. These results suggest that stacking poultry litter may increase the amount of labile P.
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) determines the improvement of hepatic endothelial dysfunction by vitamin E in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Yang Ying‐Ying , Lee Tzung‐Yan , Huang Yi‐Tsau , Chan Che‐Chang , Yeh Yi‐Chen , Lee Fa‐Yauh , Lee Shou‐Dong , Lin Han‐Chieh 
Published: October 2011

AbstractsBackgroundHepatic endothelial dysfunction (HED), which is caused by decreased hepatic nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased lipid peroxidation, contributes to portal hypertension, which is a characteristic of cirrhosis. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), is involved in cirrhosis‐related HED and portal hypertension.AimsWe evaluated the effect of vitamin E treatment on the lipid peroxidation, HED and portal hypertension in cirrhotic rats.MethodsThe common bile duct ligation (BDL)‐induced cirrhotic rats were treated orally either with vehicle or with vitamin E for 1 month immediately after BDL. Systemic and portal haemodynamics, the magnitude of the increase in portal pressure induced by volume expansion, HED, oxidative stress, levels of ADMA, various proteins and mRNAs were then measured.ResultsIn the vitamin E‐treated BDL rats, a decrease in portal pressure was associated with an attenuation of the increased portal pressure induced by volume expansion. In isolated and perfused BDL rat livers, the vitamin E treatment significantly inhibited the (paradoxical) vasoconstriction response to methoxamine and acetylcholine (HED), and this was abolished by the presence of NOS. Vitamin E decreased ADMA synthesizing enzyme PRMT1 expression and the level of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver, while increasing the levels of hepatic ADMA metabolizing enzyme DDAH2, eNOS, phosphor‐eNOS, ADMA level and superoxide dismutase activity.ConclusionsThe administration of vitamin E suppressed hepatic ADMA and oxidative stress in the cirrhotic liver circulation, and therefore increases NO bioavailability, which improved HED and portal hypertension.
Vitamin D and Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease: A New Paradigm?
Authors: Heaf James Goya , Joffe Preben , Marckmann Peter 
Published: October 2011

AbstractVitamin D receptor agonists (VDRA) are currently recommended for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in stage 5 CKD. They are considered to be contraindicated in the presence of low or normal (for a dialysis patient) levels of PTH due to the risk of developing adynamic bone disease, with consequent vascular calcification. However, these recommendations are increasingly at odds with the epidemiological evidence, which consistently shows a large survival advantage for patients treated with low‐dose VDRAs, regardless of plasma calcium, phosphate, or PTH. A large number of pleiotropic effects of vitamin D have been described, including inhibition of renin activity, anti‐inflammation, and suppression of vascular calcification stimulators and stimulation of vascular calcification inhibitors present in the uremic milieu. Laboratory studies suggest that a normal cellular vitamin D level is necessary for normal cardiomyocyte and vascular smooth muscle function. While pharmacological doses of VDRA can be harmful, the present evidence suggests that the level of 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol should also be more physiological in stage 5 CKD, and that widespread use of low‐dose VDRA would be beneficial. A randomized controlled trial to test this hypothesis is warranted.
Microcirculation on a Large Scale: Techniques, Tactics and Relevance of Studying the Microcirculation in Larger Population Samples
Authors: STRAIN W. DAVID , ADINGUPU DAMILOLA D. , SHORE ANGELA C. 
Published: October 2011

Please cite this paper as: Strain, Adingupu, and Shore (2012). Microcirculation on a Large Scale: Techniques, Tactics and Relevance of Studying the Microcirculation in Larger Population Samples. Microcirculation 19(1), 37–46.AbstractThe role of microcirculatory dysfunction is increasingly being recognized in the etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Whilst the importance of detailed mechanistic studies to determine the exact nature of these disturbances is without question, it was large‐scale population‐based studies that first identified the associations between deranged microvascular perfusion, autoregulation or structure, and subsequent target organ damage. This is the subject of considerable studies to establish whether there is a causal effect in either direction, or simply represents shared risk factors, although it is most likely to be a complex combination of bidirectional interactions. The techniques for investigating microcirculatory function have evolved almost exponentially over the last 75 years: So too have the strategies for investigation. Current epidemiological studies are focusing on attempting to untangle the inter‐relationship between risk factors and pathological mechanisms to attempt to determine whether these represent therapeutic targets or simple markers of unmeasured risk. We plan to review the techniques used for these population‐based studies, the advances made, and the clinical implications derived.
Statistical Learning Is Related to Reading Ability in Children and Adults
Authors: Arciuli Joanne , Simpson Ian C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThere is little empirical evidence showing a direct link between a capacity for statistical learning (SL) and proficiency with natural language. Moreover, discussion of the role of SL in language acquisition has seldom focused on literacy development. Our study addressed these issues by investigating the relationship between SL and reading ability in typically developing children and healthy adults. We tested SL using visually presented stimuli within a triplet learning paradigm and examined reading ability by administering the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT‐4; Wilkinson & Robertson, 2006). A total of 38 typically developing children (mean age of 9;5 years, range 6;4–12;5) and 37 healthy adults (mean age of 21 years, range 18–34) were assessed. In children, SL was significantly related to reading ability. Importantly, this relationship was independent of grade and also age. The adult data, too, revealed that SL was significantly related to reading ability. A regression analysis of the combined child and adult data revealed that SL accounted for a unique amount of variance in reading ability, after age and attention had been taken into consideration. For the first time, this study provides empirical evidence that a capacity for more effective SL is related to higher reading ability in the general population.
Epigenetic dysregulation of GATA1 is involved in myelodysplastic syndromes dyserythropoiesis
Authors: Hopfer Olaf , Nolte Florian , Mossner Maximilan , Komor Martina , Kmetsch Anke , Benslasfer Ouidad , Reißmann Monika , Nowak Daniel , Hoelzer Dieter , Thiel Eckhard , Hofmann Wolf‐Karsten 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by dyserythropoiesis resulting in anemia. This pathological hallmark is incompletely understood. Notch signaling has been linked to impaired erythropoietic and megakaryopoietic development of CD34+ progenitor cells, but its role in MDS is unclear. We have analyzed the transcriptional activity of Notch pathway elements and its association with the key erythroid factor globin transcription factor 1 (GATA1) and the apoptosis regulatory gene B‐cell lymphoma‐xl (BCLxl) in MDS. The methylation of GATA1 erythroid promoter CpG dinucleotides flanking cis‐regulatory elements, including an N‐box suppressor binding site for HES1 and a GATA‐box binding site, was examined in normal and MDS erythropoiesis. We have generated a kinetic in vitro model of MDS erythropoiesis using CD34+ bone marrow cells from healthy donors (n = 7) and patients with MDS (low risk: RA/n = 6, RARS/n = 3; high risk: RAEB/n = 4, RAEB‐T/n = 2). RNA expression of GATA1, BCLxl, DLK1, Notch1, HES1, and HERP2 was measured by real‐time RT‐PCR (qPCR). DNA methylation at seven CpG dinucleotides of the GATA1 gene promoter was quantitatively analyzed by pyrosequencing of bisulfite‐treated genomic DNA at any specific time point. For the Notch pathway elements, no conclusive expression differences were found between MDS and normal erythropoiesis. But we found steadily up‐regulated RNA expression of GATA1 and of BCLxl during late normal erythropoietic differentiation. In contrast, during MDS, erythropoiesis a loss of typical up‐regulation of GATA1 and BCLxl was observed. Hypermethylation of CpG dinucleotides flanking the repressor HES1 binding site within the 5′ region of GATA1 was detected particularly during late MDS erythropoiesis. Interestingly, decremental GATA1 promotor methylation values were seen during normal erythropoiesis matching GATA1 RNA up‐regulation. Our data show that the critical erythropoietic transcription factor GATA1 as well as the antiapoptotic molecule BCLxl fails to be normally up‐regulated during MDS erythropoiesis. The higher residual 5′‐GATA1 methylation values in MDS erythropoiesis but decremental loss thereof in normal erythropoiesis suggest a gene dose effect for GATA1 during erythropoiesis being finely tuned by CpG methylation. Its dysregulation may contribute to the ineffective erythropoiesis observed in MDS.
Assessment of orofacial characteristics and oral pathology associated with cri‐du‐chat syndrome
Authors: Rodríguez‐Caballero Á , Torres‐Lagares D , Yáñez‐Vico R‐M , Gutiérrez‐Pérez J‐L , Machuca‐Portillo G 
Published: October 2011

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 191–197Objective:  To obtain a deeper insight into the difficulties individuals with cri‐du‐chat syndrome experience by means of the analysis of the most common features and oral pathology observed in the subjects enrolled in the study.Subjects and Methods:  Intra‐oral and extra‐oral features of a total of 33 patients with cri‐du‐chat syndrome (the larger sample so far analyzed) through their clinical and photographic examination. Models, orthopantomographies, and teleradiographies have been collected to establish a pattern as accurate as possible of the oral pathology associated with these patients.Results:  The present descriptive study shows that patients with cri‐du‐chat syndrome present with a series of orofacial features such as mandibular retrognathism, high palate, and variable malocclusion, more commonly anterior open‐bite. Most patients also present with perioral muscle relaxation with labial incompetence and short philtrum. As regards oral pathology, these patients suffer dental erosions provoked by gastroesophageal reflux and attritions because of intense day‐and‐night bruxism.Conclusion:  The odontologists’ familiarity with the orofacial pathology associated with cri‐du‐chat syndrome and with the specific needs such disorder conveys should improve the quality of the buccodental treatment these professionals may offer to these patients.
Postorthodontic external root resorption is associated with IL1 receptor antagonist gene variations
Authors: Iglesias‐Linares A , Yañez‐Vico R , Ballesta‐Mudarra S , Ortiz‐Ariza E , Ortega‐Rivera H , Mendoza‐Mendoza A , Solano‐Reina E , Perea‐Pérez E 
Published: October 2011

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 198–205Objective:  External apical root resorption (EARR) is a frequent iatrogenic effect of orthodontic treatment. Patients with genetic variants in the interleukin 1 gene have been related to an increased risk of suffering EARR. The objective of this study is to determine whether variants in the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene are positively/negatively associated with interleukin 1 gene polymorphisms, particularly in relation to the clinical features of EARR patients.Materials and Methods:  Genetic screening of 54 orthodontic patients was performed for three polymorphisms (rs1800587, rs1143634 and rs419598) in the IL1 gene cluster. Subjects were divided according to the presence or absence of EARR of more than 2 mm. The genotype distributions and allelic frequencies were calculated by the chi‐square‐test. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were also calculated.Results:  A highly significant association was found in the comparative analysis of homozygous subjects [1/1(CC)] for the IL1B gene, resulting in an increased risk of suffering postorthodontic EARR (OR: 3.47; P = 0.027; CI: 95%). While no association was found for the IL1A gene (P = 0.097), subjects who were homozygous [1/1(TT)] for the IL1RN gene were more likely to be affected with EARR (OR: 6.75; P = 0.001; CI: 95%).Conclusion:  Variations in the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene (rs419598) – and not only in the IL1B gene (rs1800587) – are determinants of a predisposition to postorthodontic EARR.
Characterization of an oxidoreductase from the arylamine N‐acetyltransferase operon in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Evangelopoulos Dimitrios , Cronin Nora , Daviter Tina , Sim Edith , Keep Nicholas H. , Bhakta Sanjib 
Published: October 2011

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the most successful bacterial pathogen, causes tuberculosis, a disease that still causes more than 2 million deaths per year. Arylamine N‐acetyltransferase is an enzyme that is conserved in most Mycobacterium spp. The nat gene belongs to an operon that is important for the intracellular survival of M. tuberculosis within macrophages. The nat operon in Mycobacterium smegmatis and other fast‐growing mycobacterial species has a unique organization containing genes with uncharacterized function. Here, we describe the biochemical, biophysical and structural characterization of the MSMEG_0308 gene product (MS0308) of the M. smegmatis nat operon. While characterizing the function of MS0308, we validated the oxidoreductase property; however, we found that the enzyme was not utilizing dihydrofolate as its substrate, hence we first report that MS0308 is not a dihydrofolate reductase, as annotated in the genome. The structure of this oxidoreductase was solved at 2.0 Å in complex with the cofactor NADPH and has revealed the hydrophobic pocket where the endogenous substrate binds.DatabaseThe structural information for the MS0308 oxidoreductase has been deposited to the Protein Data Bank under accession number 2XW7.Structured digital abstract
MS0308 and MS0308 bind by x‐ray crystallography (View interaction)
MS0308 and MS0308 physically interact by molecular sieving (View interaction)
The Place of Comics in the Modern Hindu Imagination
Authors: McLain Karline 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the birth of comics in India; a discussion of the available scholarship to date, which has focused largely on India’s most prominent comic book series, Amar Chitra Katha, and its connections to classical Hindu mythology and modern Hindu nationalist ideology; a roundup of recent developments in Indian comics since the creation of Amar Chitra Katha; and briefly offers some suggestions for further research.
Christianity and Human Trafficking
Authors: Zimmerman Yvonne C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractChristian involvement with advocacy and activism on human trafficking, an umbrella category that refers to the variety of processes by which individuals become enslaved, has proliferated during the last 15 years. This essay briefly introduces the topic of human trafficking, and provides an overview of three social movements that set important historical precedents for Christian anti‐trafficking activism in the present: 19th century abolitionist movements, late 19th‐ and early 20th‐century social purity movements, and the late 20th century religious freedom movement. Next, I explore two of the anti‐trafficking frameworks that underlie much Christian anti‐trafficking activism and advocacy in the U.S., noting their different assumptions about freedom and slavery. While Christians are largely of one mind that human trafficking is wrong, the strategies that they use and the ends they hope to accomplish are varied and even conflicting.
The Revision and Expansion of Self‐Theory through Preparedness
Authors: Carroll Patrick J. , McCaslin Michael J. , Norman Greg J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe present paper examines the psychological pathways by which accumulating experiences of possible self‐revision ultimately lead to revision of the core selves that define a broader personal narrative. In so doing, we expand the notion of naïve ‘self‐theories’ by identifying self‐serving attributions and possible selves as critical components that extend or undermine the core self‐theories of a unique personal narrative written (and revised) over a lifetime. Ultimately, we advance preparedness as the motivational force that drives the road from possible to core self‐revision over time.
Youth Identity Formation: Contemporary Identity Work
Authors: Best Amy 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe study of youth identity and its formations today is diffuse and widely expansive, charted across a variety of disciplines, including Sociology, Anthropology, Psychology, Education, History, English, and Cultural Studies. This review essay is largely concerned with youth identity formation as a socially bound process as understood by sociologists. I sketch some of the thematic currents that guide contemporary sociologists’ investigations of youth identity formation as socially constituted process, and some of its exemplars. I highlight two conceptual framings of note: (a) youth identity formation as ‘project’ captured in the concept of ‘identity work’ and (b) youth identity formation as historically contingent phenomenon shaped by changes to the life course and changes in conceptions of the self in late modernity.
The Biosociology of Solidarity
Authors: Kalkhoff Will , Dippong Joseph , Gregory Stanford W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFor well over a century, sociologists have directed considerable attention to understanding and explaining the processes that produce social solidarity – the feeling of interpersonal connectedness that binds members of society together. Despite the centrality of solidarity to sociological thought, many sociologists remain unaware of the biosocial processes and mechanisms that create and sustain it. We espouse a biosociological viewpoint, which illuminates solidarity as a complex and fascinating interplay between biological and social elements. In this paper we discuss three important advances within the field of neuroscience that point to exciting new avenues of research for sociologists: (i) the discovery of mirror neurons, (ii) developments in the understanding of brain plasticity, and (iii) increased appreciation of the role of non‐conscious processes in social interaction. Additionally, we discuss ongoing basic and applied research to demonstrate how sociologists can capitalize on recent scientific developments to advance their own research agendas.VIDEO ABSTRACT ‐ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is9de_ajheM&hd=1
Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics of Tigecycline in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Rubino Christopher M. , Bhavnani Sujata M. , Forrest Alan , Dukart Gary , Dartois Nathalie , Cooper Angel , Korth-Bradley Joan , Ambrose Paul G. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Exposure-response analyses for efficacy and safety were performed for tigecycline-treated patients suffering from community-acquired pneumonia. Data were collected from two randomized, controlled clinical trials in which patients were administered a 100-mg loading dose followed by 50 mg of tigecycline every 12 h. A categorical endpoint, success or failure, 7 to 23 days after the end of therapy (test of cure) and a continuous endpoint, time to fever resolution, were evaluated for exposure-response analyses for efficacy. Nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and changes in blood urea nitrogen concentration (BUN) and total bilirubin were evaluated for exposure-response analyses for safety. For efficacy, ratios of the free-drug area under the concentration-time curve at 24 h to the MIC of the pathogen (
f
AUC
0-24
:MIC) of ≥12.8 were associated with a faster time to fever resolution; patients with lower drug exposures had a slower time to fever resolution (
P
= 0.05). For safety, a multivariable logistic regression model demonstrated that a tigecycline AUC above a threshold of 6.87 mg · hr/liter (
P
= 0.004) and female sex were predictive of the occurrence of nausea and/or vomiting (
P
= 0.004). Although statistically significant, the linear relationship between tigecycline exposure and maximum change from baseline in total bilirubin is unlikely to be clinically significant.