bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of simultaneous placement of dental implants in osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation with and without bone augmentation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rahate Priyanka Sunil , Kolte Rajashri Abhay , Kolte Abhay Pandurang , Bodhare Girish Haripal , Lathiya Vrushali Nilesh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
The aim of the present systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of simultaneous placement of implant in osteotome-mediated sinus floor elevation (OMSFE) procedure with and without bone augmentation.

Materials and Methods:
An exploration of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was systematically done in three databases comprising PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar complemented by a thorough manual search of periodontology/implantology-related journals. A final inclusion of 6 RCTs (2010–2020) was done to investigate the efficiency of simultaneous implant placement with OMSFE in conjunction with bone augmentation. A meta-analysis was further conducted with comparable studies which assisted in attaining a final conclusion regarding the survival rate, endosinus bone gain (ESBG), and marginal bone loss (MBL).

Results:
Data synthesis was performed on the basis of 6 trials and further meta-analysis was performed to statistically validate the clinical and radiographic outcomes. Meta-analysis on the parameters indicated greater ESBG (mean difference [MD]: 0.82; [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.91, P ≤ 0.0001]), which was also associated with minimal MBL (MD: −1.11; [95% CI: −1.53–0.68, P ≤ 0.0001)] in the bone augmentation group. However, the parameter of implant survival rate (risk ratio: 1.04; [95% CI: 0.83–1.31, P = 0.6849)] failed to reveal significant difference between the two groups.

Conclusions:
In the restoration of masticatory apparatus, simultaneous placement of implant in OMSFE with bone augmentation can be considered as successful and predictable treatment approach in deficient posterior maxillary ridges. It contributes toward bone neoformation resulting in greater ESBG as well as a substantial decrease in MBL.
A comparative study of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft alone and with 1% metformin in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mitra Dipika K. , Donde Rutuja Jeevandas , Desai Ankit B. , Ghangrekar Kashmira Prakash , Potdar Priyanka Nandakumar , Shetty Gaurav Prabhakar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Periodontal disease is ubiquitous and its treatment requires a detailed treatment plan. Biomaterials are often used along with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) for periodontal regeneration. One percent metformin has evolved as a regeneration material. This study was initiated to assess and compare the regenerative potential of DFDBA alone and with 1% metformin in the treatment of intrabony defects in subjects with chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:
20 sites with intrabony defects were diagnosed of which 10 were assigned to Group A (1% Metformin + DFDBA) and 10 to Group B (DFDBA alone). Clinical parameters were measured at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively, whereas radiographic parameters were measured at baseline and 9 months postoperatively, and data were statistically analyzed.

Results:
Both the groups showed a statistically significant improvement in probing pocket depth and relative attachment level at 9 months. Radiographically, a statistically significant reduction in defect depth was seen in both the groups at 9 months. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as far as crestal bone loss is concerned. No statistically significant difference was seen for clinical and radiographic parameters between the test and control groups.

Conclusions:
The addition of 1% metformin to DFDBA did not have any additional benefits in the treatment of subjects with defects which are intrabony.
Patient-centered outcome measures comparing the autogenous and allogenic bone blocks in the augmentation of deficient alveolar ridges: A pilot study
Authors: Bawankar Pranjali Vijaykumar , Kolte Abhay Pandurang , Kolte Rajashri Abhay 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the patient-reported experience and outcome measures (PREMS and PROMS) and three-dimensional augmentation efficacy of the autogenous and allogenic bone block grafts in deficient alveolar ridges through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:
Twenty patients were equally divided into Groups I and II treated with autogenous and allogenic bone block grafts for ridge augmentation, respectively. The radiographic parameters including the apico-coronal defect height (DH) as well as buccolingual defect depth (DD) and mesiodistal defect width (DW) at apical, middle, and cervical zone were measured using CBCT at baseline, 6 months and 1 year. The PREMS and PROMS were evaluated using Visual analogue scale (VAS) scale and questionnaire method.

Results:
The mean DH, apical DD and DW, middle and cervical zone DW were significantly different between two study groups (P < 0.05). The mean apical 11.6 ± 1.91 and middle zone 9.43 ± 0.89 DD were significantly higher (in Group I as compared to Group II, with P values 0.016 and 0.004, respectively). The mean bone gains in apico-coronal DH and mesio-distal DW dimension in the apical and middle zone was significantly higher in Group I (P < 0.0001). The comparison of PROM revealed better patient satisfaction in Group II as depicted by significantly higher VAS score (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Superior bone gain and reduced graft resorption was observed in Group I when compared to Group II. On the contrary, better PROMs and PREMs were obtained with the allogenic bone block augmentation.
Association of Mean Platelet Volume and Red Cell Distribution Width in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Malve Vaibhav , Patil Bharat Umakant , Yelwatkar Samir , Rakhecha Darshan , Gore Raju , Pethe Mohan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
There is no surrogate biological marker for detecting stroke. Because of this, mean platelet volume (MPV) and RDW may be used to predict the occurrence of stroke.

Aim:
This study aims to see if there is a link between platelet volume and acute ischemic stroke, as well as between red cell distribution width and acute ischemic stroke.

Setting and Design:
This was a cross-sectional study from February 2021 to January 2023.

Materials and Methods:
The present cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the role of mean platelet volume and red cell distribution width in acute ischemic stroke.

Statistical Analysis:
For the analysis, SPSS version 20 was utilized.

Results:
A total of 300 patients were included in this study. The small vessel infarct (9.05 ± 1.24 fL) had less MPV than the large vessel infarct (9.10 ± 1.10 fL), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two (P = 0.74). The average red blood cell width was lower in minor stroke infarcts (15.06% ±2.01%) than in large stroke infarcts (15.5% ±7.26%), but no statistically significant difference was found in the study. Fifty-three (17.67%) patients had a deadly outcome, and 247 (82.33%) had been cured when a final diagnosis was made.

Conclusions:
Stroke is the world’s leading cause of mortality, caused by cerebral vascular blockage or hemorrhage. However, there is no biological substitute marker for stroke diagnosis. RDW and MPV are potential biomarkers for this function and can forecast the incidence of stroke.
Morphological Cross-Sectional Study of Anatomical Landmarks for Foramen Transversarium in Dry Human Cervical Vertebrae and its Surgical Importance
Authors: Thakur Kishore Chandra , Jethani Sunder Lal 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Surgeries such as discectomy, intervertebral fusion, anterior microforaminotomy, and anterior screw fixation can damage neurovascular content of foramen transversarium of cervical vertebrae. The aim of this study was to measure outer limit and strength of foramen transversarium with help of uncinate process, anterior tubercle, and anterior root thickness.

Methodology:
A total of 54 dried human cervical vertebrae collected from anatomy department. Only third to seventh cervical vertebrae were included. Digital vernier caliper was used to measure transverse length (TL) of body, bilateral distance of uncinate process, and anterior tubercle from mid of cervical vertebral body and thickness of mid of anterior root.

Results:
Mean TL of body of cervical vertebrae was 23.87 mm, mean distance of uncinate process from vertebral body was 9.14 mm on right and 8.49 mm on left (P < 0.0001), mean distance of anterior tubercle from vertebral body was 20.81 mm on right and 20.36 mm on left (P < 0.014), mean thickness of anterior root was 1.48 mm on right and 1.36 mm on left (P < 0.1003) whereas mean distance between uncinate process was 18.4 mm.

Conclusion:
Mean TL of cervical vertebrae was 23.8 mm, distance of uncinate process was 8.81 mm from the center, distance of anterior tubercle to uncinate process was 20.72 mm and thickness of anterior root was 1.43 mm. Uncinate process and anterior tubercle distance from mid of cervical vertebrae body can help surgeons to identify zone and avoid injury to contents.
Anatomical Variations of Anterior Cerebral Artery and Its Cortical Branches through 1.5 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Authors: Sharma Deepika , Nautiyal Anisha , Saxena Swati , Saran Anjali , Agarwal Jolly , Kumar Piyush , Maurya Rajesh Kumar , Maheshwari Sonam , Pant Mahendra Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cortical branches of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) supply the medial surface and superior border of the cerebral hemisphere. Names of distinct cortical branches are according to the regions of the brain supplied by that particular branch. There can be variations in the number, origin, and distribution of these branches. There can also be variations of the ACA like azygous, bi hemispheric, median, aplasia, and fenestration of the ACA. This study aimed to evaluate the anatomical variation of the ACA and its cortical branches taking into consideration their number and site of origin.

Methodology:
Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of magnetic resonance angigraphs of 80 subjects (42 males and 38 females) without cerebrovascular diseases who was undertaken in the department of radiodiagnosis from July 2021 to August 2022.

Results:
The cortical branches were seen either being completely absent or present singly or in duplication. The callosomarginal artery (CmA) branch was found to be most commonly absent (51.25% on the right side), paracentral lobule artery most commonly duplicated (10% of cases on the right). CmA gave origin to the maximum number of cortical branches as compared to other cortical branches. The abnormal origin of anterior cortical branches was found to be more than posterior cortical branches. A few rare cases of variations (1.25% cases each) like azygous, bihemispheric, aplastic, and median ACA.

Conclusion:
In the present study different variations were observed in the cortical branches of ACA. These variations may also result in higher incidence of ischemic stroke in territory of ACA, involving the superior medial part of the parietal lobe and midline of the frontal lobe. Therefore, this study can be of clinical importance to neurosurgeons during cerebral surgeries.
Comet Parameters and Plasma 8-Iso-Prostaglandins F2α
Authors: Panwar Rajeev , Sivakumar M. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Major depression can be characterized by isolated episodes of disturbance in psychosomatic functions for a duration of at least two weeks along with intermediate non-symptomatic periods. The factors playing important role in the etiology of major depression were family history, genetic factors, decreased levels of serotonin and norepinephrine; increased levels of interleukins or any other medical illness having an increased cytokine production. The pathogenesis of major depression involves oxidative stress, which consists of synthesis of free radicals causing damage to nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins present in the cells. Oxidative stress – induced DNA damage consists of numerous types of lesions which can be assessed by the comet assay method. Prostaglandin F2-alpha is produced because of oxidative stress-induced peroxidation of cell membrane lipids and has elevated plasma levels in patients with major depression. Fluoxetine is the drug of choice for major depression and found to have antioxidant properties. The present study was done to assess the correlation between plasma 8-iso-PGF2α levels and the comet parameters, namely comet length (CL), head diameter (HD), % of DNA in head (%DNA Head), tail length (TL) and % of DNA in tail (%DNA Tail), before starting and after finishing the eight-week fluoxetine therapy.

Methodology:
The prospective clinical study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy in collaboration at, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry. The study group consisted of drug naïve, newly diagnosed major depression patients belonging to age-group of ≥ 18 to 50 years and followed up after eight weeks of fluoxetine therapy.

Results:
The correlation was found to be positive between the levels of 8-iso-PGF2α in the plasma and all the comet parameters except %DNA Tail, which showed a negative (inverse) relationship with the levels of 8-iso-PGF2α in the plasma.

Conclusion:
The current study suggested the role of oxidative stress in causing DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in major depression patients and the antioxidant role of fluoxetine in causing decrease in the levels of parameters of oxidative stress and subsequent DNA repair.
Obturator Vein and its Anatomical Variations in Cadavers: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Sakthivel Sulochana , Devi K. V. Sarala , Verma Suman 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
The obturator vein (OV) is formed in the proximal adductor region and traverses through the obturator foramen to terminate in the internal iliac vein (IIV). It is occasionally replaced by an enlarged pubic vein that terminates into the external iliac vein (EIV) forming a venous corona mortis. These variant OVs are liable to injury during surgical interventions near the pubic bone. The present study aimed to report the prevalence of variant as well as duplicated OVs in Indian cadavers.

Methodology:
The present descriptive study included 25 adult human cadavers and 11 hemi-pelves. The specimens with variant OVs were identified and followed to their termination into the internal or external iliac system. The external diameter of variant OVs and their distance from the symphysis pubis were recorded.

Results:
Variant OVs were observed in 34.42%. Most of the variant veins crossed over the pubic ramus. In 21.31%, duplicated OVs were observed, which drained separately into the internal iliac as well as the EIV, or the IIV as a common trunk. The average diameter of the variant OVs on the superior pubic ramus was 4.12 ± 1.2 mm. The average distance between the pubic symphysis and the variant OVs on the superior pubic ramus was 45.28 ± 7.65 mm.

Conclusion:
The present study appreciates the variant anatomy of the OV and its relation to the superior pubic ramus. Understanding these variations will help avoid the risk of injury and hemorrhage in pelvis surgeries as well as endoscopic procedures.
Branching Pattern of Terminal Branches of the Facial Nerve
Authors: Sapna A. K. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
For a successful facial surgery, it is vital to have a good knowledge of the distribution of the facial nerve in the face. The aim of this study was to highlight the pattern in the branching of the end part of the facial nerve in adults and fetuses and to look for any anastomoses between them. The branching pattern in the two groups is compared for any significant association.

Methodology:
Cross sectional study done in cadavers and stillborn fetuses. Subjects and Methods: Done in 100 facial halves. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi square test is used to look for any significant association between the branching pattern and gender & side of the face.

Results:
The branching pattern was classified into six types as per Davis et al. classification in the two study groups – adults and fetuses. The frequencies of occurrence in the first group were Type I – 1%, Type II – 7%, Type III – 18%, Type IV – 17%, Type V – 4%, and Type VI – 3% and in the second group were Type I – 1%, Type II – 8%, Type III – 20%, Type IV – 15%, Type V – 5%, and Type VI – 1%. No significant association was found in the branching pattern with respect to gender and side of the face in the two groups of study.

Conclusions:
There are multiple anastomotic communications among the end branches of the facial nerve. More the anatomical knowledge of these communications, lesser will be any unwanted facial nerve injury.
Morphometric Study of Nasal Parameters in Undergraduates at a Medical University in Central Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Jasuja Vishal Ramesh , Yadav Nisha , Srivastava Nityanand , Srivastava Monika , Jain Anuj 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Nasal morphometry is a technique which includes the study of a part, size, and shape of the human nose. The nasal index (NI), nostril shape, and philtrum shape are the parameters commonly studied. These may show variations according to regional, ethnic, and climatic differences. Hence, a study was done to calculate the NI among a subgroup and classify the nose type based on it. Also to assess the gender variations and to observe the nostril and philtrum shapes.

Methodology:
This was a cross-sectional study consisted of 210 undergraduate students at a medical university. The nasal height and nasal breadth were measured in centimeters with a Digital Vernier Caliper. Subsequently, the NI was calculated. Based on these nasal indices, the nose was classified into the following: leptorrhine: <70, mesorrhine: 70–84.9, and platyrrhine: >84.9. The nostril shapes (rectangular/triangular/teardrop/round) and philtrum shapes (triangular/parallel/flat/concave) were also observed.

Results:
The mean NI was 76.06 ± 8.614 with a range from 54.7 to 110. Mesorrhine variety was the most common type. The predominant shape of the nostrils found was rectangular, whereas the most common shape of the philtrum found was triangular.

Conclusions:
Nasal anthropometric measurements are a simple, reliable, and cost-effective method to study the facial characteristics among a population. These measurements provide guidelines that may play a crucial role in forensics and facial reconstructive procedures.
Morphometry of Rolandic Fissure and Bridge of Wagner
Authors: Shinde Amol Ashok , Patel Dinesh K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Robert Wagner found a rare communication between precentral and postcentral sulcus in the right hemisphere of the brain of mathematician C.H. Fuch. He also documented right postcentral gyrus showing a bridge connecting it to posterior gyrus. Both these bridges are considered as bridge of Wagner. The aim of this study is to find the incidence and asymmetry of Wagner’s bridge and to also determine morphometry of Rolandic fissure.

Methodology:
This is a descriptive study of 50 hemispheres from 25 formalin embalmed cadavers used for regular undergraduate classes to determine morphometry of Rolandic fissure and bridge of Wagner.

Results:
The length of Rolandic fissure was found more on the left side (10.49 cm). The depth of Rolandic fissure was found more in male hemispheres (1.52 cm). Interrupted precentral and postcentral sulcus was seen and a bridge of Wagner connecting the gyrus with adjacent gyrus was noted.

Conclusion:
Asymmetry was seen in the morphometry of the Central sulcus. A bridge of Wagner from pre and postcentral gyrus to adjacent gyrus anteriorly and posteriorly was seen. Knowledge of morphometry and bridge of Wagner will guide neurosurgeons during operative procedures.
Family opinions on resuscitation and participation in end-of-life care in the emergency department
Authors: Akman Ugur , Koyuncu Aynur 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:
The study looked into emergency department family members’ (FMs) views on being present during resuscitation and contributing to end-of-life care.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional study with 467 FM volunteers of mildly injured or ill patients was conducted at a research hospital between October 2021 and May 2022. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered by a clinical psychologist. The analysis employed SPSS 22.0 with a significance threshold of P < 0.05. The study was conducted according to the STROBE criteria. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

RESULTS:
The mean FMs’ age was 34.3 ± 10.43; 64.2% were male, 62.1% were married, and 76.9% had nuclear families. About 61% wanted the option of being present during resuscitation, with 47.5% desiring participation in both resuscitation and end-of-life care. Significant differences were observed in opinions based on education, work status, and resuscitation training (P = 0.015, P = 0.001, P = 0.002).

CONCLUSION:
Many FMs sought the choice to be present during resuscitation, and nearly half preferred participation in both resuscitation and end-of-life care.
Unraveling the clinical significance and prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, systemic inflammation response index, and delta neutrophil index
Authors: Islam Mehmet Muzaffer , Satici Merve Osoydan , Eroglu Serkan Emre 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
In the field of critical care medicine, substantial research efforts have focused on identifying high-risk patient groups. This research has led to the development of diverse diagnostic tools, ranging from basic biomarkers to complex indexes and predictive algorithms that integrate multiple methods. Given the ever-evolving landscape of medicine, driven by rapid advancements, changing treatment strategies, and emerging diseases, the development and validation of diagnostic tools remains an ongoing and dynamic process. Specific changes in complete blood count components, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets, are key immune system responses influenced by various factors and crucial in systemic inflammation, injury, and stress. It has been reported that indices such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and delta neutrophil index calculated using various ratios of these elements, are important predictors of various outcomes in conditions where the inflammatory process is at the forefront. In this narrative review, we concluded that NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI show promise in predicting outcomes for different health conditions related to inflammation. While these tests are accessible, reliable, and cost-effective, their standalone predictive performance for a specific condition is limited.