bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflexions sur L'Histoplasmose Africaine et L'Histoplasmose Americaine: Reflections on African and American Histoplasmosis
Authors: Vanbreuseghem R. 
Published: January 2012

Resume: L'auteur compare l'histoplasmose africaine causée par Histoplasma duboisii et l'histoplasmose américaine causée par Histoplasma capsulatum. Sa comparaison repose sur l'étude de 100 travaux qui sont référés. Les divers points examinés sont: la prévalence des deux affections en Afrique, leur répartition géographique, leur symptomatologie, le diagnostic, l'épidéniologie et la nomenclature des agents responsables.Summary: The author compares African histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma duboisii and American histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. The comparison rests on the study of 100 papers referred at the end. The study considers: the prevalence and geographic distribution of the two diseases, their symptomatology, diagnosis, epidemiology, and finally the nomenclature of their agents.Zusammenfassung: Der Autor vergleicht die Afrikanische Histoplasmose, die durch Histoplasma duboisii hervorgerufen wird, mit der Amerikanischen Histoplasmose, deren Erreger Histoplasma capsulatum ist. Dieser Vergleich beruht aufder Auswertung von 100 hier referierten Artikeln. Im einzelnen wird auf folgende Punkte eingegangen: Vorkommen und geographische Verteilung, Symptomatologie, Diagnostik, Epidemiologie und die Nomenklatur der Erreger.
Primäre Magenmykose, durch Trichosporon cutaneum verursacht: Primary Gastric Mycosis, Caused by Trichosporon cutaneum
Authors: Szili Magdolna , Domján Lajos 
Published: January 2012

Zusammenfassung: Eine durch gastroskopische, histologische und mykologische Untersuchung bewiesene, von Trichosporon cutaneum verursachte isolierte primäre Mykose kommt zur Demonstration. Im Einklang mit literarischen Angaben betonen die Verfasser die Wichtigkeit der komplexen Behandlung und der planmäßigen Nachprüfung.Summary: A case of primary gastric mycosis caused by Trichosporon cutaneum is demonstrated. It was verified by gastroscopic, histologic and mycologic examinations. In accordance with data from the literature, the authors point to the importance of complex treatment and systemic follow‐up investigations.
Superficial Mycoses: Ketoconazole Treatment Oberflächliche Mykosen: Ketoconazol‐Behandlung
Authors: Grigoriu A. , Grigoriu D. 
Published: January 2012

Summary: A group of 55 patients were treated with 200 mg/day of ketoconazole. Infections treated:
P. versicolor 20 cases
Herpes circinatus (T. corporis) 10 cases
Eczema marginatum (T. inguinalis) 10 cases
Vulvo‐vaginal candidosis (Candida vaginitis) 10 cases
Candidal intertrigo 5 cases
They all responded well to the treatment and recovery was obtained in all cases; however P. versicolor in all cases presented positive mycological tests with disappearance of short filaments. Ketoconazole showed good antifungal activity against all species of fungi isolated from our patients, confirmed “in vitro” by contact testZusammenfassung: Eine Gruppe von 55 Patienten wurde mit einer täglichen Dosis von 200 mg Ketoconazol antimykotiscb behandelt. Im einzelnen lagen folgende Mykosen vor:
Pityriasis versicolor (20 Fälle)
Herpes circinatus (Tinea corporis) (10 Fälle)
Ekzema marginatum (Tinea inguinalis) (10 Fälle)
Vulvovaginitis candidomycetica (10 Fälle)
Candida‐Intertrigo (5 Fälle).
Alle Mykosen sprachen gut auf die Behandlung an, so daß in jedem Fall Heilung erreicht wurde. Bei der Pityriasis versicolor zeigten sich jedoch in allen Fällen weiterhin positive mykologische Befunde im Nativpräparat, wobei die kurzen Fllamente verschwanden.Ketoconazol zeigte gute Aktivität gegen alle von unseren Patienten isolierten Pilze, was auch in vitro mit dem Kontakttest bestätigt werden konnte.
Double Blind Comparison of Econazole Spray Powder and Placebo as Therapy and Prophylaxis of Athlete's Foot
Authors: Lestienne M.‐Ch. , Chemali R. , Tennstedt D. , Vandaele R. , Lachapelle J. M. , Lapiére Ch. M. 
Published: January 2012

Summary: A controlled double blind study was planned in order to test the effecthity of Econazole spray powder on athlete's foot 71 patients from three different centres were investigated. The results were good and tolerance was excellent. Methodological problems of the study are described and discussed.Zusammenfassung: Es wurde eine kontrollierte Doppelblindstudie geplant um die Wirksamkeit von Econazol Spray‐Puder bei Fußpilz zu testen.71 Patienten von 3verschiedenen Zentren wurden untersucht. Die Resultate waren sehr gut und die Toleranz hervorragend. Die methodologischen Probleme einer solchen Prüfung werden erläutert und besprochen.
Identification of the Second Form of Acrosin in Turkey Spermatozoa
Authors: Słowińska M , Ciereszko A 
Published: January 2012

ContentsAcrosin from turkey spermatozoa has been recently identified and characterized. In this study, we reported the identification of second form of acrosin (acrosin II) in turkey spermatozoa. Using the three‐step isolation procedure, we purified and characterized the acrosin II from a turkey spermatozoa extract. N‐terminal Edman sequencing allowed the identification of the 24 amino acids from the internal part of acrosin II: SLQEYVEPYRVLQEAKVQLIDLNL. Thanks to homology alignment, we concluded that acrosin II is an acrosin‐like protein similar to avian acrosin, including turkey acrosin. The molecular mass of acrosin II estimated by mass spectrometry was 30.869 kDa. During chromatofocusing, the acrosin II was eluted at pH range from 6.4 to 6.2. Acrosin II was found to be a glycoprotein. The glucosamine and galactosamine were present in carbohydrate structures of acrosin II. Acrosin II is characterized by similar physicochemical characteristics like previously identified bird acrosins, including acrosin from turkey spermatozoa. Similarities between turkey acrosins were also confirmed immunologically by western blot analysis. It can be suggested that two forms of serine proteinase similar to acrosin exist in turkey spermatozoa. These phenomena of both acrosins in spermatozoa agree with the concept of functional redundancy of proteolytic enzymes in the reproductive system. These redundancies may be important for efficient fertilization in turkey.
Stroke patients communicating their healthcare needs in hospital: a study within the ICF framework
Authors: O’Halloran Robyn , Worrall Linda , Hickson Louise 
Published: January 2012

Background: Previous research has identified that many patients admitted into acute hospital stroke units have communication‐related impairments such as hearing, vision, speech, language and/or cognitive communicative impairment. However, no research has identified how many patients in acute hospital stroke units have difficulty actually communicating their healthcare needs. The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) conceptualizes difficulty communicating about healthcare needs as a type of activity limitation, within the Activity and Participation component. The ICF proposes that activity limitation can be measured in four different ways.Aims: The first aim of this research was to measure a patient's difficulty communicating his or her healthcare needs, that is, activity limitation, in two of the four ways suggested by the ICF when interacting with healthcare providers. The second aim was to investigate whether communication‐related impairments in hearing, vision, speech, language and/or cognitive communicative impairment predict difficulty communicating healthcare needs, measured in these ways.Methods & Procedures: A total of 65 patients consecutively admitted into two acute hospital stroke units in Melbourne, Australia, who consented to this research participated in this study. Early in their admission participants were screened for hearing, vision, speech, language and cognitive communicative impairment. Participants were also assessed for difficulty communicating about healthcare needs in two ways proposed by the ICF: ‘capacity with assistance’ and ‘performance’. Relationships between communication‐related impairment and both capacity with assistance and performance were explored through Spearman's correlations and binary logistic regression.Outcomes & Results: A total of 87% of patients had one or more communication‐related impairments. Half of the patients (51%) had difficulty communicating their healthcare needs when assessed in terms of capacity with assistance. Slightly more patients (55%) were observed to have difficulty communicating their healthcare needs when assessed in terms of performance. More severe vision, speech, language and cognitive communicative impairment were significantly associated with more severe difficulty communicating healthcare needs.Conclusions & Implications: About half of the stroke patients admitted into acute hospital stroke units had difficulty communicating their healthcare needs. Patients with more severe communication‐related impairments had more severe difficulty communicating their healthcare needs. Future research is needed to understand the other factors that influence communication between people with communication disabilities and their healthcare providers in acute hospital settings.
Functional disorders after rectal cancer resection: does a rehabilitation programme improve anal continence and quality of life?
Authors: Laforest A. , Bretagnol F. , Mouazan A. S. , Maggiori L. , Ferron M. , Panis Y. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim  A poor functional outcome is often reported after total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer, especially when sphincter‐saving resection with intersphincteric dissection is performed for low tumours. Anal sphincter rehabilitation is widely proposed for faecal incontinence. Very few studies have reported results to improve anal dysfunction following rectal surgery. This prospective study aimed to assess the benefits of sphincter training after TME in terms of functional outcome and quality of life.Methods  Anal sphincter training was performed in patients undergoing laparoscopic sphincter‐saving TME for rectal cancer. Rehabilitation was performed after ileostomy closure. This group was compared with 24 matched patients. Assessment included one functional and two quality of life questionnaires (SF‐36 Health Status and Faecal Incontinence Quality of Life score).Results  From 2007 to 2009, 22 patients underwent laparoscopic TME. The median follow‐up after stoma closure was 21.2 (range 8–46) months. The mean stool frequency per day was significantly lower after sphincter training (2.6 in the training group vs 4.0 in the control group, P = 0.025). Following rehabilitation, patients complained significantly less about dyschezia (22 vs 63%, P = 0.008). Both groups had similar continence (Wexner score 8.3 after training vs 9.9 in controls, NS). Quality of life was significantly improved by sphincter training as measured by the vitality (P = 0.004) and mental functioning (P = 0.02) subscales on the SF‐36 Health Status questionnaire and by the depression and self‐perception (P = 0.005) categories of the Faecal Incontinence Quality of Life score.Conclusion  This study suggests that anal sphincter training following TME could decrease stool frequency and improve both general and specific quality of life.
Safety and tolerability of linagliptin: a pooled analysis of data from randomized controlled trials in 3572 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Schernthaner G. , Barnett A. H. , Emser A. , Patel S. , Troost J. , Woerle H.‐J. , von Eynatten M. 
Published: January 2012

Aims: To assess the safety and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Data were pooled from eight randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled Phase III clinical trials lasting ≤24 weeks. Incidences were calculated with descriptive statistics for the overall population and for subgroups of elderly and renally impaired patients.Results: A total of 2523 patients received linagliptin 5 mg once daily and 1049 patients received placebo. The overall incidence of adverse events (AEs) or serious AEs with linagliptin was similar to placebo (AEs 55.8% vs. 55.0%; serious AEs 2.8% vs. 2.7%). Overall aggregated infection incidence was 19.5% for linagliptin and 21.4% for placebo. Similar or reduced incidence of AEs versus placebo were seen with linagliptin for upper respiratory tract infection (3.3% vs. 4.9%), headache (2.9% vs. 3.1%), urinary tract infection (2.2% vs. 2.7%), blood and lymphatic disorders (1.0% vs. 1.2%), hypersensitivity (0.1% vs. 0.1%), hepatic enzyme increase (0.1% and 0.1%) and serum creatinine increase (0.0% and 0.1%). There was a slight increased frequency of nasopharyngitis (5.9% vs. 5.1%) and cough (1.7% vs. 1.0%) with linagliptin. Hypoglycaemia incidence was 8.2% for linagliptin and 5.1% for placebo; incidence was higher in patients with a background of sulphonylurea therapy (20.7% and 13.3%, respectively). In patients not receiving concomitant sulphonylurea, the hypoglycaemic incidence with linagliptin was very low in both the total population (<1%), and elderly and renally impaired patients (both <1%).Conclusions: This pooled analysis shows that linagliptin is well tolerated, with a low risk of hypoglycaemia.
Empagliflozin, a novel potent and selective SGLT‐2 inhibitor, improves glycaemic control alone and in combination with insulin in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats, a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Luippold G. , Klein T. , Mark M. , Grempler R. 
Published: January 2012

Aim: Sodium glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) is key to reabsorption of glucose in the kidney. SGLT‐2 inhibitors are in clinical development for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanism may be of value also in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study investigated effects of the SGLT‐2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, alone and in combination with insulin, on glucose homeostasis in an animal model of T1DM.Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg). Acutely, STZ rats received two doses of insulin glargine with or without empagliflozin, and blood glucose was measured. In a subchronic study, STZ rats received empagliflozin alone, one or two insulin‐releasing implants or a combination of one implant and empagliflozin over 28 days; blood glucose and HbA1c were measured.Results: In the acute setting, empagliflozin in combination with 1.5 IU insulin induced a similar glucose‐lowering effect as 6 IU insulin. Both interventions were more efficacious than monotherapy with 1.5 IU insulin. In the subchronic study, 12‐h blood glucose profile on day 28 in the combination group was lower than with one implant, and similar to two implants. Plasma HbA1c was improved in the combination group and in animals with two implants.Conclusions: Empagliflozin reduced blood glucose levels in a T1DM animal model. Empagliflozin combined with low‐dose insulin showed comparable glucose‐lowering efficacy to treatment with high‐dose insulin. Our data suggest that empagliflozin is an efficacious adjunctive‐to‐insulin therapy with the clinical potential for the treatment of T1DM.
rangeMapper: a platform for the study of macroecology of life‐history traits
Authors: Valcu Mihai , Dale James , Kempenaers Bart 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAim  To introduce rangeMapper, an R package for the study of the macroecological patterns of life‐history traits, and demonstrate its capabilities using three case studies. The first case study addresses an important topic in conservation biology: biodiversity hotspots. Specifically, we investigate the congruence between global hotspots of three parameters that describe avian diversity: species richness, endemic species richness and relative body mass diversity. The second case study investigates a topic of relevance for macroecology: the inter‐specific relationship between range size and body size for avian assemblages, and how it varies geographically. The third case study tackles a methodological problem in macroecology: the influence of map resolution on statistical inference, i.e. the question of whether and how the relationship between species richness and body mass varies with map resolution.Innovation  rangeMapper offers a tight integration of spatial and statistical tools for macroecological projects and it relies on a high‐performance database engine which makes it suitable for managing projects using a large number of species. rangeMapper's architecture follows closely the concepts described by Gaston et al. (2008 Journal of Biogeography, 35, 483–500) and its flexibility allows for both complex data manipulation procedures and easy implementation of new functions. By choosing case studies to cover various technical and conceptual issues we demonstrate rangeMapper's capabilities to address a wide array of questions.Main conclusion  rangeMapper (http://cran.r‐project.org/package=rangeMapper) is an open source front end software which can be used to address questions in both fundamental ecological research and conservation biology.
The performance of range maps and species distribution models representing the geographic variation of species richness at different resolutions
Authors: Pineda Eduardo , Lobo Jorge M. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAim The method used to generate hypotheses about species distributions, in addition to spatial scale, may affect the biodiversity patterns that are then observed. We compared the performance of range maps and MaxEnt species distribution models at different spatial resolutions by examining the degree of similarity between predicted species richness and composition against observed values from well‐surveyed cells (WSCs).Location Mexico.Methods We estimated amphibian richness distributions at five spatial resolutions (from 0.083° to 2°) by overlaying 370 individual range maps or MaxEnt predictions, comparing the similarity of the spatial patterns and correlating predicted values with the observed values for WSCs. Additionally, we looked at species composition and assessed commission and omission errors associated with each method.Results MaxEnt predictions reveal greater geographic differences in richness between species rich and species poor regions than the range maps did at the five resolutions assessed. Correlations between species richness values estimated by either of the two procedures and the observed values from the WSCs increased with decreasing resolution. The slopes of the regressions between the predicted and observed values indicate that MaxEnt overpredicts observed species richness at all of the resolutions used, while range maps underpredict them, except at the finest resolution. Prediction errors did not vary significantly between methods at any resolution and tended to decrease with decreasing resolution. The accuracy of both procedures was clearly different when commission and omission errors were examined separately.Main conclusions Despite the congruent increase in the geographic richness patterns obtained from both procedures as resolution decreases, the maps created with these methods cannot be used interchangeably because of notable differences in the species compositions they report.
Phylogenetic turnover in tropical tree communities: impact of environmental filtering, biogeography and mesoclimatic niche conservatism
Authors: Hardy Olivier J. , Couteron Pierre , Munoz François , Ramesh B. R. , Pélissier Raphaël 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAim  We addressed the roles of environmental filtering, historical biogeography and evolutionary niche conservatism on the phylogenetic structure of tropical tree communities with the following questions. (1) What is the impact of mesoclimatic gradients and dispersal limitation on phylogenetic turnover and species turnover? (2) How does phylogenetic turnover between continents compare in intensity with the turnover driven by climatic gradients at a regional scale? (3) Are independent phylogenetic reconstructions of the mesoclimatic niche of clades congruent between continents?Location  Panama Canal Watershed and Western Ghats (India), two anciently divergent biogeographic contexts but with comparable rainfall gradients.Methods  Using floristic data for 50 1‐ha plots in each region, independent measures of phylogenetic turnover (ΠST) and species turnover (Jaccard) between plots were regressed on geographic and ecological distances. Mesoclimatic niches were reconstructed for each node of the phylogeny and compared between the two continents.Results  (1) The phylogenetic turnover within each region is best explained by mesoclimatic differences (environmental filtering), while species turnover depends both on mesoclimatic differences and geographic distances (dispersal limitation). (2) The phylogenetic turnover between continents (ΠST = 0.009) is comparable to that caused by mesoclimatic gradients within regions (ΠST = 0.010) and both effects seem cumulative. (3) Independent phylogenetic reconstructions of the mesoclimatic niches were strongly correlated between the two continents (r = 0.61), despite the absence of shared species.Main conclusions  Our results demonstrate a world‐wide deep phylogenetic signal for mesoclimatic niche within a biome, indicating that positive phylogenetic turnover at a regional scale reflects environmental filtering in plant communities.
Vulnerability and Robustness of a Security Skyscraper Subjected to Aircraft Impact
Authors: Nöldgen Markus , Fehling Ekkehard , Riedel Werner , Thoma Klaus 
Published: January 2012

Abstract: Ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC) is particularly suitable for application in aircraft‐impact‐resistant high‐rise buildings for combined load‐bearing and protective structures. The material provides very high—steel‐like—compressive strength, sufficient ductility, and fire resistance due to the addition of steel and polypropylene fibers. The following contribution is focused on two key aspects: hydro‐code simulations of structural UHPC walls which protect vertical escape and rescue routes and structural dynamic simulations of the global structure to investigate the impact resistance considering the sudden loss of external columns.A high‐speed dynamic material model for UHPC is obtained by implementing the results of a series of Hopkinson‐Bar experiments which were recently published. The strain‐rate‐dependent material properties are implemented in the established RHT‐Concrete‐Model for hydro‐code applications being furthermore extended by a tensile softening law for fiber‐reinforced UHPC. Based on this material model a series of aircraft‐engine impact experiments are configurated supported by three‐dimensional nonlinear hydro‐code prognosis simulations. With a total of six impact experiments on combined fiber‐ and rebar‐reinforced UHPC panels, all relevant damage states of the structural wall are obtained. The experimental results are compared to the hydro‐code prognosis simulations to validate the simulative approach and the material model for UHPC.In addition to the local impact behavior, structural dynamic numerical simulations of a global high‐rise structure are presented being focused on the effect of the sudden and notional loss of columns in coincidence with the aircraft impact load function.