bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing projective spaces on deformations of Hilbert schemes of K3 surfaces
Authors: Harvey David , Hassett Brendan , Tschinkel Yuri 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe seek to characterize homology classes of Lagrangian projective spaces embedded in irreducible holomorphic‐symplectic manifolds, up to the action of the monodromy group. This paper addresses the case of manifolds deformation‐equivalent to the Hilbert scheme of length‐3 subschemes of a K3 surface. The class of the projective space in the cohomology ring has prescribed intersection properties, which translate into Diophantine equations. Possible homology classes correspond to integral points on an explicit elliptic curve; our proof entails showing that the only such point is two‐torsion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Static noise margin enhancement by flex‐pass‐gate SRAM
Authors: O'uchi Shin‐Ichi , Masahara Meishoku , Sakamoto Kunihiro , Endo Kazuhiko , Liu Yungxun , Matsukawa Takashi , Sekigawa Toshihiro , Koike Hanpei , Suzuki Eiichi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA flex‐pass‐gate SRAM, that is, a fin‐type field effect transistor‐based (FinFET‐based) SRAM, is proposed to enhance the noise margin during both read and write operations. In its cell, the flip‐flop is composed of the usual three‐terminal (3T) FinFETs and the pass gates are composed of four‐terminal (4T) FinFETs. The 4T‐FinFETs enable the adoption of dynamic threshold‐voltage (Vt) control in the pass gates. During a write operation, the Vt of the pass gates is lowered to enhance the writing speed and stability. During the read operation, on the other hand, the Vt is raised to enhance the static noise margin. An asymmetric‐oxide 4T‐FinFET is helpful in managing the leakage current through the pass gate. In this paper, a design strategy for the pass gate with an asymmetric gate oxide is considered, and a TCAD‐based Monte Carlo simulation reveals that the flex‐pass‐gate SRAM based on that design strategy may be expected to be effective in the half‐pitch 32‐nm technology for low standby power (LSTP) applications, even taking into account the variability in device performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(8): 57–64, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10217
Piezo‐driven vibrating insertion device for microelectrode array
Authors: Noda Takahiro , Kanzaki Ryohei , Takahashi Hirokazu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractMicroelectrode arrays are commonly used to measure neural activities in the brain, and arrays with some 100 electrodes are commercially available to date. However, insertion of a dense grid array deforms the brain, resulting in deterioration of the measurements. In order to overcome this problem, we propose a piezo‐driven vibrating insertion device to reduce the insertion‐induced deformation of the brain. We attempted under various conditions to insert the array into an agarose substrate, whose hardness was adjusted to that of the cerebral cortex of rats. Our experiments demonstrated that inverse‐sawtooth vibration reduced the insertion‐induced deformation of the substrate in proportion to the logarithm of the upstroke velocity when the velocity was higher than 10 mm/s, and vibrating insertion of the maximum velocity at 36.7 mm/s reduced the deformation by up to 40% as compared to insertion without vibration. In addition, we tested the vibrating insertion device in an electrophysiological experiment in the rat auditory cortex in vivo, and successfully measured tone‐evoked neural activities. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(8): 37–46, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10327
Surface hardness improvement of PMMA by low‐energy ion irradiation and electron irradiation
Authors: Sakurabayashi Yuya , Masaki Takahiro , Iwao Toru , Yumoto Motoshiga 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSurface modification of PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) was carried out by irradiation with low‐energy ions and/or electrons, which is expected to improve the surface hardness by introduction of a thin modified layer. The surface hardness was measured by the nanoindentation test. To clarify the structure and the properties of the modified layer, depth profiles of composition and chemical bonds were analyzed using XPS (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy). The formation of a cross‐linking structure that contributed to the surface hardness was analyzed by the dyeing method. From these results, it was confirmed that the surface hardness increased and a cross‐linking structure was present. It is suggested that the existence of the structure brought about the increase of surface hardness, showing the utility of the dyeing method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(8): 19–26, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10350
Stabilizing predictive visual feedback control for fixed camera systems
Authors: Murao Toshiyuki , Kawai Hiroyuki , Fujita Masayuki 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper investigates vision‐based robot control via a receding horizon control strategy for fixed camera systems, as stabilizing predictive visual feedback control. First, a visual motion robot error system with a fixed camera configuration is reconstructed in order to improve estimation performance. Next, stabilizing receding horizon control for three‐dimensional visual feedback systems, which are highly nonlinear and relatively fast systems, is proposed. The stability of the receding horizon control scheme is guaranteed by using a terminal cost derived from an energy function of the visual motion robot error system. Furthermore, simulation and actual nonlinear experimental results are assessed with respect to stability and performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(8): 1–11, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10357
Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of 3‐Halo‐Substituted Coumarins, Chromenes, and Quinolones with Various Nitrogen‐Containing Nucleophiles
Authors: Soussi Mohamed Ali , Audisio Davide , Messaoudi Samir , Provot Olivier , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouâd 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn efficient and general palladium‐catalyzed coupling reaction between 3‐bromocoumarins, 3‐bromoquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones, and 3‐iodo‐2H‐chromenes with a variety of nitrogen‐containing nucleophiles (azole, amide, lactam, sulfonamide, aniline, amine, and urea) is described. The reaction proceeded rapidly and cleanly in dioxane providing the coupling products in good to excellent yields. The chemoselectivity of this reaction was also studied with polyhalocoumarins. Under optimized conditions, these underwent a site‐selective amination at the C‐3–Br bond, regardless of the nature of the nitrogen‐containing nucleophile used.
Synthesis of Activated Cyclopropanes by an MIRC Strategy: An Enantioselective Organocatalytic Approach to Spirocyclopropanes
Authors: Russo Alessio , Meninno Sara , Tedesco Consiglia , Lattanzi Alessandra 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn efficient cyclopropanation, by a Michael‐initiated ring‐closing (MIRC) reaction of 2‐arylidene‐1,3‐indandiones and 2‐arylidene malononitriles, has been developed by using different α‐monohalogenated methylene active compounds with triethylamine. The first enantioselective cyclopropanation to spirocyclopropanes derived by the reaction of 2‐arylidene‐1,3‐indandiones and dimethyl bromomalonate with a commercially available α,α‐L‐diarylprolinol as the organocatalyst and K2CO3 as the additive has been accomplished. The spirocyclopropanes were isolated in high yield and up to 85 % ee. Notably, the asymmetric one‐pot sequential approach to spirocyclopropanes proved to be a feasible process.
Key aroma compounds in Shanxi aged tartary buckwheat vinegar and changes during its thermal processing
Authors: Aili Wang , Huanlu Song , Changzhong Ren , Zaigui Li 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTShanxi aged vinegar differs from other vinegars in that it has a unique thermal process (6 days at 85°C) which creates its typical flavour. The present study evaluated the key aroma compounds of Shanxi aged vinegar made from tartary buckwheat by gas chromatography–olfactometry–mass spectrometry. The influence of the thermal processing on product aroma was also studied. A total of 45 compounds were detected of which 24 were correctly identified while 21 were tentatively identified: the remaining six were unknown. Of the 45 compounds detected, 13 have not been previously reported in other vinegars. Most of the aroma compounds identified increased significantly during the first 3 days of heating and then decreased from the fourth day onwards. The changes may have resulted from different kinds of reactions, such as the Maillard reaction and other associated reactions such as degradation of amino acids. This study would be helpful for optimizing the processing conditions of Shanxi aged vinegar. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liver cancer and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in hepatitis C virus‐infected patients: Results from the DANVIR cohort study
Authors: Omland Lars Haukali , Jepsen Peter , Krarup Henrik , Christensen Peer Brehm , Weis Nina , Nielsen Lars , Obel Niels , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Stuver Sherri Oliver ,   on behalf of the DANVIR cohort study
Published: July 2011

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infection can cause hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and most likely non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). No studies have compared the risk of these cancers between patients with chronic and cleared HCV‐infection. The aim of this study was to estimate the 10‐year risk of HCC and NHL in HCV‐infected patients and to compare the risk of these cancers between HCV‐infected patients and the general population in Denmark and between patients with chronic and cleared HCV‐infection. Nationwide cohorts were used: 11,975 HCV‐infected patients in the DANVIR cohort and 71,850 individuals from an age‐ and gender‐matched general population cohort. Within DANVIR, 4,158 patients with chronic HCV‐infection and 2,427 patients with cleared HCV‐infection were studied. The 10‐year risks of HCC and NHL in HCV‐infected patients were 1.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–1.3%] and 0.1% (95% CI: 0.1–0.2%), respectively. Compared to the general population, HCV‐infected patients had a 62.91‐fold increased risk of HCC (95% CI: 28.99–136.52), a 29.97‐fold increased risk of NHL during the first year of follow‐up (95% CI: 6.08–147.84), and a 1.26‐fold increased risk of NHL after the first year (95% CI: 0.36–4.41). Chronic HCV‐infection was associated with a 4.71‐fold increased risk of HCC (95% CI: 1.67–13.32) compared to cleared HCV‐infection; 5 and 0 events of NHL occurred in patients with chronic and cleared HCV‐infection, respectively. HCC‐risk is increased substantially in HCV‐infected patients compared to the general population. Chronic as opposed to cleared HCV‐infection increases the risk of HCC and perhaps NHL.
P‐glycoprotein binds to ezrin at amino acid residues 149–242 in the FERM domain and plays a key role in the multidrug resistance of human osteosarcoma
Authors: Brambilla Daria , Zamboni Silvia , Federici Cristina , Lugini Luana , Lozupone Francesco , Milito Angelo De , Cecchetti Serena , Cianfriglia Maurizio , Fais Stefano 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOverexpression of the mdr1 gene encoding P‐glycoprotein (Pgp) exerts a major role in reducing the effectiveness of cytotoxic therapy in osteosarcoma. The interaction between actin and Pgp has been shown to be instrumental in the establishment of multidrug resistance (MDR) in human tumor cells. The cytoskeleton linker ezrin exerts a pivotal role in maintaining the functional connection between actin and Pgp. We investigated the role of ezrin in a human multidrug‐resistant osteosarcoma cell line overexpressing Pgp and compared it to its counterpart that overexpresses an ezrin deletion mutant. The results showed that Pgp binds at amino acid residues 149–242 of the N‐terminal domain of ezrin. The interaction between ezrin and Pgp occurs in the plasma membrane of MDR cells, where they also co‐localize with the ganglioside GM1 located in lipid rafts. The overexpression of the ezrin deletion mutant entirely restored drug susceptibility of osteosarcoma cells, consistent with Pgp dislocation to cytoplasmic compartments and abrogation of GM1/Pgp co‐localization at the plasma membrane. Our study provides evidence that ezrin exerts a key role in MDR of human osteosarcoma cells through a Pgp‐ezrin‐actin connection that is instrumental for the permanence of Pgp into plasma membrane lipid rafts. We also show for the first time that Pgp‐binding site is localized to amino acid residues 149–242 of the ezrin Band 4.1, Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (FERM) domain, thus proposing a specific target for future molecular therapy aimed at counteracting MDR in osteosarcoma patients.
Carbidopa abrogates L‐dopa decarboxylase coactivation of the androgen receptor and delays prostate tumor progression
Authors: Wafa Latif A. , Cheng Helen , Plaa Nathan , Ghaidi Fariba , Fukumoto Takahiro , Fazli Ladan , Gleave Martin E. , Cox Michael E. , Rennie Paul S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in prostate cancer progression to the castration‐resistant (CR) lethal state. L‐Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) is an AR coactivator that increases in expression with disease progression and is coexpressed with the receptor in prostate adenocarcinoma cells, where it may enhance AR activity. Here, we hypothesize that the DDC enzymatic inhibitor, carbidopa, can suppress DDC‐coactivation of AR and retard prostate tumor growth. Treating LNCaP prostate cancer cells with carbidopa in transcriptional assays suppressed the enhanced AR transactivation seen with DDC overexpression and decreased prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) mRNA levels. Carbidopa dose‐dependently inhibited cell growth and decreased survival in LNCaP cell proliferation and apoptosis assays. The inhibitory effect of carbidopa on DDC‐coactivation of AR and cell growth/survival was also observed in PC3 prostate cancer cells (stably expressing AR). In vivo studies demonstrated that serum PSA velocity and tumor growth rates elevated ∼2‐fold in LNCaP xenografts, inducibly overexpressing DDC, were reverted to control levels with carbidopa administration. In castrated mice, treating LNCaP tumors, expressing endogenous DDC, with carbidopa delayed progression to the CR state from 6 to 10 weeks, while serum PSA and tumor growth decreased 4.3‐fold and 5.4‐fold, respectively. Our study is a first time demonstration that carbidopa can abrogate DDC‐coactivation of AR in prostate cancer cells and tumors, decrease serum PSA, reduce tumor growth and delay CR progression. Since carbidopa is clinically approved, it may be readily used as a novel therapeutic strategy to suppress aberrant AR activity and delay prostate cancer progression.
α1‐3/4 fucosylation at Asn 241 of β‐haptoglobin is a novel marker for colon cancer: A combinatorial approach for development of glycan biomarkers
Authors: Park Seung‐Yeol , Lee Sung‐Hyeon , Kawasaki Nana , Itoh Satsuki , Kang Keunsoo , Hee Ryu Soo , Hashii Noritaka , Kim Jin‐Man , Kim Ji‐Yeon , Hoe Kim Jung 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAberrant glycosylation has been observed in many types of cancer, but the mechanism of glycosylation change is still poorly understood. To elucidate relationships between glycosylation and colon cancer progression, we analyzed glycosylation status of β‐haptoglobin (β‐Hp) obtained from 46 cancer patients, 14 inflammatory bowel disease patients and 38 normal subjects. Aleuria aurantia lectin reactivity with cancer β‐Hp was much higher than in the other two study groups. These results were confirmed by lectin blotting and microarray assay using other lectins directed to fucosyl residues. Levels of such glycans were correlated with stage of colon cancer progression. Reactivity with fucosylated glycans was eliminated by treatment with α1‐3/4 fucosidase but not α1‐6 fucosidase, indicating that enhanced lectin reactivity with the fucose moiety of colon cancer β‐Hp is due to Fucα1‐3/4GlcNAc. Moreover, site‐specific glycan occupancy was determined by sequential LC/MS analysis. Mass spectrometric analysis showed that fucosylation of β‐Hp was higher in colon cancer patients than in other subjects. In particular, fucosylation at Asn 241 of β‐Hp in sera of colon cancer patients was clearly higher than in the other groups, and the ratio of fucosylated glycopeptides containing Asn 241 decreased greatly after treatment with α1‐3/4 fucosidase. In conclusion, the level of α1‐3/4 fucosyl epitope at Asn 241 of β‐Hp is potentially useful as a novel marker for colon cancer.
Proviral loads of human T‐lymphotropic virus Type 1 in asymptomatic carriers with different infection routes
Authors: Ueno Shiro , Umeki Kazumi , Takajo Ichiro , Nagatomo Yasuhiro , Kusumoto Norio , Umekita Kunihiko , Morishita Kazuhiro , Okayama Akihiko 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHigh human T‐lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV‐1) proviral DNA load (PVL) has been reported to be one risk factor for the development of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). ATL is also believed to develop in HTLV‐1 carriers who acquire infection perinatally. ATL cells have been reported to frequently harbor defective provirus. In our study, PVLs for three different regions of HTLV‐1 provirus (5′LTR‐gag, gag and pX) were measured in 309 asymptomatic carriers with different infection routes. PVLs for the pX region in 21 asymptomatic carriers with maternal infection was significantly higher than in 24 carriers with spousal infection. Among 161 carriers with relatively high pX PVLs (equal to or greater than 1 copy per 100 peripheral blood mononuclear cells), 26 carriers (16%) had low gag PVL/pX PVL (less than 0.5) and four (2%) had low 5′LTR‐gag PVL/pX PVL (less than 0.5). Low gag PVL/pX PVL ratio, which reflects deficiency and/or polymorphism of HTLV‐1 proviral DNA sequences for the gag region, was also associated with maternal infection. These data suggest that HTLV‐1 carriers with maternal infection tend to have high PVLs, which may be related to provirus with deficiency and/or the polymorphism of proviral DNA sequences. In addition, there is a possibility that this ratio may be used as a tool to differentiate the infection routes of asymptomatic HTLV‐1 carriers, which supports the need for a large scale study.
High expression of Galectin‐1 in pancreatic stellate cells plays a role in the development and maintenance of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Tang Dong , Yuan Zhongxu , Xue Xiaofeng , Lu Zipeng , Zhang Ye , Wang Hui , Chen Minyong , An Yong , Wei Jishu , Zhu Yi , Miao Yi , Jiang Kuirong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractGalectin‐1 is implicated in making tumor cells immune privileged, in part by regulating the survival of infiltrating T cells. Galectin‐1 is strongly expressed in activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs); however, whether this is linked to tumor cell immune escape in pancreatic cancer is unknown. Galectin‐1 was knocked down in PSCs isolated from pancreatic tissues using small interfering RNA (siRNA), or overexpressed using recombinant lentiviruses, and the PSCs were cocultured with T cells. CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; T cell IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5 and INF‐γ production levels were quantified using ELISA. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased numbers of PSCs expressed Galectin‐1 (p < 0.01) and pancreatic cancers had increased CD3+ T cell densities (p < 0.01) compared to normal pancreas or chronic pancreatitis samples. In coculture experiments, PSCs that overexpressed Galectin‐1 induced apoptosis of CD4+ T cells (p < 0.01) and CD8+ T cells (p < 0.05) significantly, compared to normal PSCs. Knockdown of Galectin‐1 in PSCs increased CD4+ T cell (p < 0.01) and CD8+ T cell viability (p < 0.05). Supernatants from T cells cocultured with PSCs that overexpressed Galectin‐1 contained significantly increased levels of Th2 cytokines (IL‐4 and IL‐5, p < 0.01) and decreased Th1 cytokines (IL‐2 and INF‐γ, p < 0.01). However, the knockdown of PSC Galectin‐1 had the opposite effect on Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion. Our study suggests that the overexpression of Galectin‐1 in PSCs induced T cell apoptosis and Th2 cytokine secretion, which may regulate PSC‐dependent immunoprivilege in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. Galectin‐1 may provide a novel candidate target for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.
Expression of the nuclear bile acid receptor/farnesoid X receptor is reduced in human colon carcinoma compared to nonneoplastic mucosa independent from site and may be associated with adverse prognosis
Authors: Lax Sigurd , Schauer Georg , Prein Kurt , Kapitan Magdalena , Silbert Dagmar , Berghold Andrea , Berger Anton , Trauner Michael 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe nuclear bile acid receptor/farnesoid X receptor (FXR; NR1H4) is involved in bile acid homeostasis, cell proliferation and apoptosis and has been linked to intestinal carcinogenesis in mice. Aim of this study was to analyze FXR expression in human normal intestinal mucosa and colon carcinoma. We achieved systematic mapping of FXR expression of human intestinal mucosa and analysis of 75 human colon carcinomas using FXR immunohistochemistry on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue. FXR expression gradually decreased from terminal ileum to the sigmoid colon with strongest expression in the terminal ileum (p < 0.001). FXR expression in carcinomas was reduced compared to peritumoral nonneoplastic mucosa (p < 0.000). Loss of FXR expression was significantly correlated with grading in tumors of the right colon (p = 0.008). FXR expression in tumor and normal tissue showed an inverse correlation with stage. FXR expression in tumor was inversely correlated with clinical outcome. No association was found with patients' age and sex. In nonneoplastic mucosa FXR expression concurred with low expression of Ki‐67. In carcinomas, no association was found between FXR expression and Ki‐67 and cyclin D1, respectively. Development of colon carcinoma in humans is associated with reduced FXR expression independent of site and may reflect an impaired defense against potentially carcinogenic bile acids along their intestinal gradient. In contrast to normal colon mucosa, FXR expression in carcinomas is not associated with low proliferation. Colon carcinomas with FXR expression seem to be associated with lower stage and a more favourable outcome compared to FXR negative carcinomas.