bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voluntary Disclosure in Asymmetric Contests
Authors: Ewerhart Christian , Lareida Julia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article studies the incentives for interim voluntary disclosure of verifiable information in probabilistic all-pay contests with two-sided incomplete information. Private information may concern marginal cost, valuations, and ability. Our main result says that, if the contest is uniformly asymmetric, then full revelation is the unique perfect Bayesian equilibrium outcome. This is so because the weakest type of the underdog reveals her type in an attempt to moderate the favourite, while the strongest type of the favourite tries to discourage the underdog—so that the contest unravels. This strong-form disclosure principle is robust with respect to correlation, partitional evidence, randomized disclosures, sequential moves, and continuous type spaces. Moreover, the assumption of uniform asymmetry is not needed when incomplete information is one-sided. However, the principle may break down when type distributions are too similar, contestants possess commitment power, or information is unverifiable. In fact, cheap talk will always be ignored, even if mediated by a trustworthy third party.
Modifiable risk factors and inflammation-related proteins in polymyalgia rheumatica: genome-wide meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization
Authors: Zhao Sizheng Steven , Mackie Sarah L , Larsson Susanna C , Burgess Stephen , Yuan Shuai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
PMR is an age-related inflammatory disease of unknown cause. We aimed to identify potentially modifiable risk factors and therapeutic targets for preventing or treating PMR.

Methods
We meta-analysed genetic association data from 8156 cases of PMR (defined using diagnostic codes and self-report) and 416 495 controls of European ancestry from the UK Biobank and FinnGen. We then performed Mendelian randomization analyses to estimate the association between eight modifiable risk factors (using data from up to 1.2 million individuals) and 65 inflammation-related circulating proteins (up to 55 792 individuals), using the inverse variance weighted and pleiotropy robust methods.

Results
We identified three novel genome-wide significant loci in the IL1R1, NEK6 and CCDC88B genes and confirmation of previously described associations with HLA-DRB1 and ANKRD55. Genetically predicted smoking intensity (OR 1.32; 95%CI 1.08–1.60; P = 0.006) and visceral adiposity (OR 1.22; 95%CI 1.10–1.37; P = 3.10 × 10−4) were associated with PMR susceptibility. Multiple circulating proteins related to IL-1 family signalling were associated with PMR. IL-1 receptor-like 2, also known as IL-36 receptor (OR 1.25; P = 1.89 × 10−32), serum amyloid A2 (OR 1.06, 9.91 × 10−10) and CXCL6 (OR 1.09, P = 4.85 × 10−7) retained significance after correction for multiple testing.

Conclusion
Reducing smoking and visceral adiposity at a population level might reduce incidence of PMR. We identified proteins that may play causal roles in PMR, potentially suggesting new therapeutic opportunities. Further research is needed before these findings are applied to clinical practice.
A systematic review comparing different approaches for inflatable penile prosthesis revision: partial-component exchange, complete-component exchange, or reservoir “drain and retain”
Authors: El-Achkar Adnan , Khalafalla Kareim , Nguyen Tuan Thanh , Wang Run 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
In cases of a noninfected malfunctioning inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) device, surgeons often opt to exchange all of the device rather than the defective component for fear of an increased infection rate and future mechanical dysfunction.

Objectives
To assess whether partial-component exchange of an IPP device has comparable outcomes to complete explant and replacement of an IPP device with or without a retained reservoir.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR guidelines. Searches were performed on MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, and the Cochrane Library from inception to June 2023, identifying studies reporting outcomes and complications of revision surgery for noninfected malfunctioning IPP devices. Three groups were compared: those undergoing single- or 2-component exchange, those with complete explantation and replacement, and those with replacement of all components while retaining the primary reservoir.

Results
Analysis included 11 articles comprising 12 202 patients with complete device replacement, 234 with partial device exchange, and 151 with retained reservoirs following revision. Mean ages ranged from 62 to 68 years, with median follow-up times between 3 and 84 months. Partial-component exchange showed a higher infection rate (6.3%) as compared with complete replacement (2.7%) and reservoir retention (3.9%). Similarly, partial exchange had a higher complication rate (23.9%) when compared with complete replacement (11.3%) and reservoir retention (19.6%). Mechanical failure rates for partial exchange were similar across the 3 groups (10%, 2.8%, and 5.8%, respectively).

Conclusion
Partial-component exchange during IPP revision is associated with higher infection and perioperative complication rates but comparable rates of mechanical failure as compared with complete-component replacement, with or without retaining the original reservoir.
Ontogeny and phylogeny of the anaerobic genus Urostomides with supplementing morphological characterization of the type and one little-known species (Alveolata: Ciliophora: Armophorea)
Authors: Feng Xiaochen , Zhuang Wenbao , Li Ran , Hu Xiaozhong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Urostomides is an obligate anaerobic ciliate genus in the family Apometopidae (Metopida). Although most congeners have been described using modern criteria, detailed ontogenetic data for both the family and genus have not been reported yet. In this study, we investigate the morphogenesis of two Urostomides species, viz., U. minimus (Kahl, 1927) comb. nov. and U. striatus (type species) in detail. Our findings reveal that the process closely resembles that of several described Metopidae species, except for a notable difference in the origin of the new adoral membranelles either from all perizonal rows or from other somatic kineties. Additionally, the data of U. minimus on the ciliature and SSU rRNA gene sequence are provided and those of U. striatus are supplemented based on Chinese isolates. We show the diplostichomonad morphology of the paroral membrane, a feature not previously observed in Urostomides species. Furthermore, our phylogenetic analyses confirm the monophyly of Urostomides.
Neuromodulation of Cardiovascular Risks Associated With Cardiotoxic Chemotherapy
Authors: Nagai Michiaki , Ewbank Hallum , Po Sunny S. , Dasari Tarun W. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:
Cardiotoxic chemotherapy is used to treat malignancies such as breast cancer and lymphoma. These treatments predispose patients to cardiotoxicity that can lead to cancer treatment-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). The use of high doses of anthracyclines or in combination with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 antagonists is associated with a progressively higher risk of CTRCD. CTRCD is preceded by increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system and abnormal left ventricular mechanical deformation as measured by abnormal global longitudinal strain (GLS). Low-level tragus stimulation (LLTS) is a new, safe, noninvasive technique that offers great potential to reduce increased sympathetic activation and improve GLS. Here, we describe a study method to examine the effects of LLTS on autonomic balance and cardiac function in breast cancer or lymphoma patients treated with anthracyclines.

Methods:
A first-in-human pilot, randomized, double-blind feasibility study will evaluate 104 patients (age >50 y) with breast cancer or lymphoma who receive anthracyclines with one additional CTRCD risk factor. Patients undergo 2 weeks of LLTS daily (1 h/d). Autonomic balance will be measured using heart rate variability metrics. Strain imaging using GLS will be performed pre and post-LLTS. Endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress measures will be performed using in vitro assays at baseline and after 2 weeks.

Conclusion:
We hypothesize that LLTS stabilizes sympathovagal imbalance and improves cardiac performance in anthracycline-treated patients with breast cancer or lymphoma.
Response of a von Hippel-Lindau-associated optic nerve hemangioblastoma to belzutifan.
Authors: Meade Julia , Nischal Kanwal , Olsen Karl R. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To demonstrate the response of a juxtapapillary retinal hemangioblastoma (JRH) to belzutifan in a patient with Von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL).

Methods:
This case report includes fundus photography and optical coherence tomography to compare a juxtapapillary retinal hemangioblastoma (JRH) before and 24 months after treatment with belzutifan.

Results:
An 18-year-old woman with VHL was diagnosed with a juxtapapillary retinal hemangioblastoma (JRH) at age 13. The retinal lesion progressively worsened over 5 years and required two sessions of laser therapy with minimal improvement but loss of visual field. She was treated with the oral HIF2a-inhibitor, belzutifan, with minimal side effects. At 24 months of therapy her JRH has decreased in height from 1258 microns to 874 microns and width from 4448 µm to 3786 µm and vision is 20/20.

Conclusion:
Belzutifan demonstrates impressive clinical activity in VHL-associated JRH.
Clinical Characteristics of 427 Unvaccinated Chinese Adult Patients with Maintenance Hemodialysis Infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ha Xiaowen , Zhao Zhigang , Zhao Tiantian , Muhetaer Gulimire , Wang Xiaoyu , Bao Aihong , Duan Yanya , Zhuang Jing , Song Xue , Zhou Yipeng , Zhang Qingqing , Wu Jianhua , Fan Min , Zhang Li , Tian Xuefei , Jiang Hong 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients constitute a distinctive population characterized by unique traits, such as hemodialysis-related immune disturbances, and increased vulnerability to infections, heart failure, particularly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite considerable research on MHD patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is limited information available on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of unvaccinated adult MHD patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.

Methods:
A retrospective investigation was conducted in a cohort of 427 unvaccinated MHD patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection. The clinical symptoms, laboratory results, and treatment regimens were comprehensively examined. Multivariate regression identified independent risk factors for disease severity, and two-month follow-up assessments were conducted.

Results:
The cohort exhibited a spectrum of disease severity, with 37.5% classified as mild, 35.3% as common, 22.5% as severe, and 4.7% as critical. Serum C-reactive protein level, procalcitonin level, and bicarbonate concentration are related to the severity of the disease. Tailored treatment strategies—including nutritional support, hemodialysis management, anti-bacterial interventions, and more—were implemented. There was a 5.6% mortality rate, with a higher prevalence of deaths in the critical subtype. Independent risk factors for disease severity included fever, age, cycle threshold values (Ct values) of ORF1ab gene, and arterial oxygen partial pressure. Follow-up assessments revealed a median duration of 11 days for the negative nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2. Twelve patients presented a second positive ORF1ab gene during follow-up but remained asymptomatic.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest the intricate clinical characteristics and outcomes of MHD patients with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection. Tailored treatment strategies, continuous surveillance, and understanding prognostic factors are imperative for managing this high-risk population. Further research is warranted to validate these findings.
Factors predicting redislocation or suture break in eyes after scleral-fixated intraocular lens
Authors: Lee Juseok , Lee Junwon , Lee Christopher Seungkyu , Kim Min , Byeon Suk Ho , Kim Sung Soo , Kang Hyun Goo 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To investigate predictive factors for redislocation in patients with recurrent intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation after secondary scleral-fixated IOL (SF IOL) surgery.

Setting:
2 tertiary referral hospitals.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Methods:
Patients undergoing SF IOL surgery were grouped into redislocation and no-redislocation groups. Medical records of consecutive patients who underwent SF IOL surgery between June 2014 and December 2019 at 2 tertiary referral centers were reviewed. Data regarding patient demographics, treatment factors, anatomical and functional outcomes, and postoperative complications were recorded.

Results:
237 eyes of 225 patients (169 [75.1%] men) were included. The redislocation group was more likely to have a younger mean age at the initial SF IOL surgery (redislocation vs no-redislocation, 55.4 vs 62.0 years, respectively; P = .008), have a prior history of a previous suture break (23 eyes, 52.3% vs 1 eye, 0.5%; P < .001), and have undergone the initial SF IOL surgery using <1 mm-sized side-port incisions (17 eyes, 38.6% vs 32 eyes, 16.5%; P = .002) than was the no-redislocation group. In addition, the redislocation group had a higher occurrence of complications (P < .001). Multivariate regression revealed that younger age, left eye involvement, aphakic status before the surgery, unremarkable primary IOL dislocation cause, need for ocular hypertension treatment and glaucoma surgery, and no large incision during the initial surgery were significantly (all P < .05) associated with redislocation.

Conclusions:
Younger age, left eye involvement, postoperative complications such as ocular hypertension and glaucoma, and techniques without large incisions increase the risk of redislocation. Conversely, lower risk factors include unremarkable surgery causes and a history of aphakic conditions.
Job stress and chronic low back pain: incidence, number of episodes, and severity in a 4-year follow-up of the ELSA-Brasil Musculoskeletal cohort
Authors: Hubner Fernanda Corsino Lima , Telles Rosa Weiss , Giatti Luana , Machado Luciana A. C. , Griep Rosane Harter , Viana Maria Carmen , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Camelo Lidyane V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We investigated the association between job stress, as assessed by the effort–reward imbalance model, and the incidence of chronic low back pain (CLBP) over a 4-year period. A total of 1733 participants from the ELSA-Brasil Musculoskeletal cohort, who were free from LBP at baseline (2012-2014), were included. Episodes of LBP in the past 30 days, intensity, and the presence of disability were investigated in annual telephone follow-ups (2015-2018). Chronic LBP was defined as episodes of LBP lasting >3 months with at least moderate intensity. We analyzed the incidence of at least one episode of CLBP (yes/no), the number of CLBP episodes (0, 1, ≥2), and CLBP severity/disability (absent, nondisabling, severe/disabling). The association between these outcomes and tertiles of the effort-to-reward ratio, as well as each dimension of the effort–reward imbalance model, was investigated using multinomial logistic and Poisson regression models adjusting for sociodemographic and occupational variables. The cumulative incidence of CLBP over 4 years was 24.8%. High effort–reward imbalance increased the chances of experiencing multiple CLBP episodes and severe/disabling CLBP by 67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-2.47) and 70% (95% CI: 1.14-2.53), respectively. High overcommitment increased the incidence of CLBP by 23% (95% CI: 1.01-1.50) and the chances of multiple CLBP episodes and severe/disabling CLBP by 67% (95% CI: 1.11-2.50) and 57% (95% CI: 1.05-2.34), respectively. These results indicate that exposure to job stress is associated with a higher incidence, a greater number of episodes, and increased severity of CLBP over a 4-year period. If this association is causal, measures aimed at reducing exposure to job stress are likely to alleviate the burden of CLBP.
Pain control during intrauterine device insertion: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Authors: Coleman Kellie , Carter Chelsea 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Current practice lacks effective periprocedural pain management during common gynecological procedures such as intrauterine device insertion, increasing the possibility of significant pain and adverse reaction to such procedures. Because of this, pain can often be a barrier for a patient in choosing a form of contraception that best serves them. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation offers an option for effective pain control during intrauterine device insertion. This case review characterizes five cases where patients were offered transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain control during intrauterine device insertion. The patients reported a range of no pain to moderate pain during intrauterine device insertion and rated their pain experience as better compared with prior insertions. Although limited to a case review, our findings suggest a promising clinical indication for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation as a pain management strategy for intrauterine device insertion.
Accuracy of the Bedside Examination in Patients With Suspected Acute Unilateral Peripheral Vestibulopathy
Authors: von Bernstorff Maximilian , Obermueller Theresa , Blum Julia , Hoxhallari Erdi , Hofmann Veit M. , Pudszuhn Annett 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy (AUPVP) is a frequent form of peripheral vestibular vertigo characterized by unilateral vestibular organ dysfunction. Diagnostic challenges in anamnesis and bedside examination can lead to potential misdiagnoses. This study investigated the sensitivity of bedside examinations in diagnosing AUPVP.

Methods:
This retrospective analysis examined 136 AUPVP inpatients at a level 3 university hospital between 2017 and 2019. Demographic data and bedside test results were collected. Instrumental otoneurological tests included caloric testing and video head impulse test (HIT). The sensitivity of each bedside parameter was computed based on the instrumental diagnostics, and statistical analyses were performed.

Results:
The study included 76 men and 60 women, with a mean age of 59.2 years. Spontaneous nystagmus exhibited a sensitivity of 92%, whereas the absence of skew deviation was identified with a sensitivity of 98%. Abnormal bedside HIT showed a sensitivity of 87%. The combined HINTS (HIT, nystagmus, and test of skew) had a sensitivity of 83%. The Romberg test and Fukuda test demonstrated sensitivities of 26% and 48%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The sensitivity of bedside tests varied from 26% to 98%. This aligns with previous literature, highlighting the challenge of differentiating AUPVP from vestibular pseudoneuritis solely through bedside examination. Although the tests excel in excluding central causes, they are insufficient for diagnosing AUPVP with certainty. In addition, the bedside examination sensitivities vary widely, and early radiological imaging can be misleading. Therefore, this study underlines the necessity of prompt otoneurological testing for accurate exclusion of vestibular pseudoneuritis and thus improve patient outcomes.
Immunotherapy for Solitary Fibrous Tumor (Hemangiopericytoma)
Authors: Singer Lauren , Singer Jorie , Horbinski Craig , Penas-Prado Marta , Lukas Rimas V. 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) of the central nervous system represent a unique entity with limited data on best treatment practices.

Case Report:
Here, we present a case of multiply recurrent central nervous system SFT treated with radiation and immunotherapy. Immunotherapy was chosen based on mutations of genes encoding DNA repair enzymes detected through next-generation sequencing of the tumor, DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit (POLE) and mutL homolog 1. The use of radiation and immunotherapy led to slight shrinkage and no recurrence of the tumor for over 2 years.

Conclusion:
The presence of somatic DNA repair enzyme gene mutations in SFT may suggest a benefit from a combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy. This may serve as a biomarker for guiding management in patients with this rare tumor.
Protocol for the Prone and Oscillation Pediatric Clinical Trial (PROSpect)
Authors: Kneyber Martin C.J. , Cheifetz Ira M. , Asaro Lisa A. , Graves Todd L. , Viele Kert , Natarajan Aruna , Wypij David , Curley Martha A.Q. ,   for the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:Respiratory management for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) remains largely supportive without data to support one approach over another, including supine versus prone positioning (PP) and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) versus high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV).DESIGN:We present the research methodology of a global, multicenter, two-by-two factorial, response-adaptive, randomized controlled trial of supine versus PP and CMV versus HFOV in high moderate-severe PARDS, the Prone and Oscillation Pediatric Clinical Trial (PROSpect, www.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03896763).SETTING:Approximately 60 PICUs with on-site extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania with experience using PP and HFOV in the care of patients with PARDS.PATIENTS:Eligible pediatric patients (2 wk old or older and younger than 21 yr) are randomized within 48 h of meeting eligibility criteria occurring within 96 h of endotracheal intubation.INTERVENTIONS:One of four arms, including supine/CMV, prone/CMV, supine/HFOV, or prone/HFOV. We hypothesize that children with high moderate-severe PARDS treated with PP or HFOV will demonstrate greater than or equal to 2 additional ventilator-free days (VFD).MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:The primary outcome is VFD through day 28; nonsurvivors receive zero VFD. Secondary and exploratory outcomes include nonpulmonary organ failure-free days, interaction effects of PP with HFOV on VFD, 90-day in-hospital mortality, and among survivors, duration of mechanical ventilation, PICU and hospital length of stay, and post-PICU functional status and health-related quality of life. Up to 600 patients will be randomized, stratified by age group and direct/indirect lung injury. Adaptive randomization will first occur 28 days after 300 patients are randomized and every 100 patients thereafter. At these randomization updates, new allocation probabilities will be computed based on intention-to-treat trial results, increasing allocation to well-performing arms and decreasing allocation to poorly performing arms. Data will be analyzed per intention-to-treat for the primary analyses and per-protocol for primary, secondary, and exploratory analyses.CONCLUSIONS:PROSpectwill provide clinicians with data to inform the practice of PP and HFOV in PARDS.