bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method and Description of the Aging in Manitoba Project: A 20-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Chipperfield Judith G. , Havens Betty , Doig Wendy D. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe Aging in Manitoba (AIM) project includes nearly 9,000 seniors who have been interviewed. Three independent cross-sectional samples (i.e. 1971, 1976, 1983) were subsequently followed (1983–1984, 1990), producing cross-sectional and longitudinal data. A major goal of this paper was to examine non-response over time and representativeness of the panel of AIM survivors. This involved analysis of non-response, calculations of completion/response rates, and comparisons of demographic variables across the AIM sample and the broader Manitoba and Canadian populations. Non-response was very low (4.6% in 1983–1984, 5.0% in 1990) and did not appear to be dependent on such factors as location, gender, education level, or nationality descent. The 95.0 per cent completion rate compares favourably with other longitudinal studies, demonstrating the value of employing rigorous tracking procedures. These findings suggest that attempts to minimize bias and selective attrition in the AIM study have been successful.
The Use and Cost of Community Care Services by Elders with Unimpaired Cognitive Function, with Cognitive Impairment/No Dementia and with Dementia
Authors: Shapiro Evelyn , Tate Robert B. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTData from the Manitoba Study of Health and Aging were used to compare the utilization and direct costs of formal community care services among the elderly diagnosed as persons with no cognitive impairment, with cognitive impairment/no dementia and with dementia. The results of the analyses indicate that, in addition to living arrangement and limitation on basic and instrumental activities of daily living, mental function diagnosis is an independent predictor of community care use. A diagnosis of dementia increases the likelihood of community care use over those with unimpaired mental functioning, whereas cognitive impairment without dementia does not. The three diagnostic groups differ in the type of services used. Standardization by age, sex and the other variables which significantly affect the need for community care can help a program improve its ability to project realistic cost estimates.
A Critical Ethnography of the Process of Discharge Decision-Making for Elderly Patients
Authors: Wells Donna L. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTA critical ethnography of the process of discharge decision-making for elderly patients was conducted to examine the nature of the process over the total course of patients' hospital stays. The focus was on describing the timing and conditions of decision-making, the related activities of professionals, professionals' perceptions of the process, and the effects of the process on those involved and on the hospital organization. Data analysis demonstrated that the process is not intricately linked with patients' clinical progress, that often inaccurate assumptions about the importance of patient-related clinical and social factors and organizational parameters underlie decisions, and that professionals' perceptions of the process are shaped by organizational imperatives. In the current process, resources are used inefficiently and humanitarian and ethical consequences arise for participants. The analysis supports attempts to achieve greater congruence between the discharge decision process and the patient's clinical progress so that the fiscal and humanitarian goals of the hospital can be achieved.
The Subjective Experience of Aging: Correlates of Divergent Views
Authors: Connidis Ingrid 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTA stratified random sample of 400 community-dwelling older persons were asked whether they like or dislike anything about being their age and if they have any worries about growing older. The results of multivariate analysis show significant relationships between the dependent variables and several respondent charaderistics including age, subjective health, expectations of older age, and gender. A negative view of aging appears to be associated with experiencing age-related declines. Overall, despite some diversity, the respondents tend to hold a positive view of old age that is coupled with a realistic appreciation of the shortcomings this stage of life may bring.
Ruth E. Dunkle, Grace J. Petot, Amasa B. Ford, (eds.), Food, Drugs and Aging. Springer Publishing Company, N.Y., 1987, US $22.95.
Authors: Krondl M. 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉCe livre est tiré d'un symposium qui a servi de tribune pour un vaste éventail de sujets dont la pharmacologie, l'alimentation et l'interaction médicament-alimentation. Cette collection est d'une valeur considérable parce qu'elle souligne le besoin de créer un modèle de soins de la santé qui permettrait d'interpréter la prescription médicale de façon intégrale en traitant les personnes âgées, insistant de ce fait sur l'alimentation. Le style du livre conviendra aux professionnels de la santé.
Long-Term Tube Feeding Practices and Involvement of Nurses in Tube Feeding Decisions
Authors: Wilson Donna 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉLe gavage est fréquemment utilisé pour supporter la vie à long terme. Actuellement, aucune distinction est faite entre le gavage à court terme et celui à long terme, ce dernier étant un remplacement de l'habilité de manger sur une base continuelle et permanente. Très peu de recherches ont été faites sur le gavage à long terme. Conséquemment, les implications et pratiques du gavage à long terme demeurent indéterminées. Les dossiers hospitaliers de dix patients ayant été alimentés par gavage à long terme ont été examinés pour répondre à des questions prédéterminées. Le rapport de ce travail inclut plusieurs sujets: les types de solutions pour alimenter les patients, les types de tubes, les différentes méthodes utilisées, les diagnostics médicaux et les raisons qui justifient ce type d'alimentation, sans oublier l'implication des infirmières et des autres intervenants dans la décision d'initier et de continuer le gavage. On a pu démontrer que le gavage permettait la survie du patient à très long terme. Cependant, en dépit de l'amélioration de la nutrition, aucun progrès n'a pu être constaté ni sur le plan des capacités physiques et mentales des patients, ni sur le plan de leur prise en charge. Maintenir en vie semble être le seul but du gavage à long terme.
Alberta's Resident Classification System for Long-Term Care Facilities. Part I: Conceptual and Methodological Development
Authors: Charles Cathy , Schalm Corinne 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉLe gouvernement de l'Alberta introduisait, en 1988, un nouveau système de classification des résidents d'établissements de soins prolongés pour mesurer leurs besoins en soins infirmiers et pour recueillir les informations nécessaires à un nouveau système de financement. Cet article expose le développement conceptuel et méthodologique du système. Les étapes spécifiques consistaient à: (1) définir les domaines-clé qui révèlent les principaux types d'assistance requise par les résidents en soins prolongés; (2) identifier les indicateurs de demandes de soins, au sein de cheque catégorie de soins; (3) développer des critères qui détermineront les points à inclure dans la version finale du formulaire de classification des résidents; (4) développer des règles qui détermineront la combinaison des scores individuels afin de regrouper les résidents dans des catégories; (5) tester les propriétés psychométriques du système de classification, qui comporte sept catégories allant de bas à haut, en terme de besoins en soins infirmiers ainsi qu'une mesure d'utilisation des ressources de soins infirmiers.
The Free Radical Theory of Aging: A Critique and Unresolved Questions
Authors: Carlson John C. , Forbes William F. 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉLa théorie des radicaux libres du vieillissement est très critiquée. Ce compte-rendu traite des effets biologiques des radicaux libres au cours du processus du vieillissement, de la relation entre le vieillissement et la maladie (comment ces deux concepts peuvent être affectés par les radicaux libres) et des effets des radicaux libres tout au long du cycle de vie. Cet article met en relief des aspects qui demandent une étude plus approfondie.
Geochemical Risk Factors for Mental Functioning, Based on the Ontario Longitudinal Study of Aging (LSA) I. Results from a Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Forbes W. F. , Hayward L. M. , Agwani N. 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉA partir de données fournies par l'étude longitudinale ontarienne sur le vieillissement, et d'autres données concernant la concentration en aluminium et en fluor des eaux des régions où habitent les sujets, une analyse préliminaire suggère que les sujets ne présentant aucune indication de mauvais fonctionnement mental avaient tendance à résider dans des zones où la concentration des eaux en aluminium est plutôt basse et où celle des eaux potables en fluor est plutôt élevée. Dans une analyse de ce type, il est probable que beaucoup de personnes affectés par un mauvais fonctionnement mental ne répondent pas aux questionnaires des études. L'identification des caractéristiques d'une santé mentale déficiente et l'obtention d'une juste appréciation de la concentration des eaux en aluminium et en fluor sont également source de difficulté.
Barry D. McPherson, Aging as a Social Process: An Introduction to Individual and Population Aging. 2nd. ed.Toronto and Vancouver: Butterworths, 1990. pp. 473.
Authors: Wister Andrew V. 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉCe livre a pour clientèle les étudiants de baccalauréat universitaire en gérontologie sociale, en sociologie et en psychologie du vieillissement. Il devrait toutefois être lu par quiconque est intéressé par le vieillissement, par les personnes âgées elles-mêmes, ou par la discrimination et les préjugés dont ces dernières peuvent être victimes. L'objectifde ce livre est d'élargir notre conscience et notre connaissance du vieillissement autant au niveau de la structure sociale que de l'individu. En plus d'une introduction approfondie aux méthodes utilisées en gérontologie sociale, McPherson traite des concepts de base jusqu'aux cadres théoriques majeurs, et nous propose une évaluation critique des recherches en gérontologie sociale. Tout en maintenant le cap sur la recherche canadienne, il réfère à une abondante documentation multidisciplinaire provenant d'importantes revues nationales et internationales, de livres spécialisés et de rapports gouvernementaux.
Aging in Canada: The Challenge to Political Science
Authors: Pratt Henry J. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe political science discipline has been decidedly under-represented in the emergence of Canadian social gerontology over the past two decades. This is rather surprising, considering that political and governmental institutions—always a primary focus of political science attention—have played a critical role in allocating social values toward elderly persons, and that relatively large sums of public money are spent on aging programs. The discipline's relative absence in gerontological studies is explainable partly in terms of forces long at work within political science, and partly on the basis of ones external to it—all of which for some years combined to discourage work on this topic. Very recently, however, the negative influences have weakened to some degree, while new factors of a positive character have entered the picture. As a result, it is possible to offer a guardedly optimistic estimate of the potential for political science to become more involved and more committed than heretofore.
Accuracy and Credibility of the Elderly Witness
Authors: Daniel Yarmey A. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTCompetency of witnesses depends upon the accuracy of their memory and their credibility. This paper addresses both of these factors with respect to the elderly. First, a review of the accuracy of the elderly eyewitness in recall and identification of a criminal suspect relative to that of young adults is presented. Secondly, the results of a study testing the perceptions of the legal community and the general public toward the elderly witness are given. And thirdly, the attitudes of the elderly toward police officers, trial judges, crown attorneys, and defense lawyers are discussed. Young adults were found to be seven to 20 per cent more accurate on the average than elderly subjects in recall for crime-related events and in the identification of a suspect. However, results also showed that some elderly subjects are equally as accurate as young adults in the visual identification of a suspect. Police officers, lawyers, probation officers, the general public, and elderly subjects rated the elderly witness relatively high in understandability, activity, potency, and evaluation. These judgements suggest that the credibility of the elderly witness is favorable. Finally, the study showed that elderly subjects perceive trial judges, prosecutors, and defense lawyers positively, and they are particularly supportive of the police.
Avalanche or Glacier?: Health Care and the Demographic Rhetoric
Authors: Barer Morris L. , Evans Robert G. , Hertzman Clyde 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTClaims that the health care system is about to be engulfed in a “wave of grey” have become commonplace. Recent cost escalation is commonly attributed to the aging of the population, and there is no shortage of dire warnings about the cost implications of the even more dramatic aging, and costs, still to come. These claims have been largely unsubstantiated. Yet they persist for a number of reasons. First, over long periods of time, the effects of demographic trends can be (and probably will be) quite substantial. But these effects move like glaciers, not avalanches. Second, the effects of aging populations onsometypes of services which cater differentially to seniors will be much more dramatic; observers of those sub-sectors (such as long-term care) tend to extrapolate that sector-specific experience to health care generally. Third, at the “coal-face,” health care providers are seeing their practices become ever more dominated by seniors. They mistake this increased “presence” of patients aged 65 and over in their practices as evidence of the effects of demographic changes. In this paper we discuss each of these sources of error about the effects of aging population on health care costs. We focus primarily on the confusion between changes in patterns of care for particular age groups, and changes in overall levels of care. Quite extensive empirical evidence has been collected over the past decade from analyses of British Columbia data bases, and these findings are not unique, in Canada, or beyond. The common finding of this body of research is that population aging has accounted for very little of the increase in health care costs over the past three decades, in Canada or elsewhere. Health care utilization has increased dramatically among seniors. But this has had less to do with the fact that there are more of them, than with the fact that the health care system is doing much more to (and for) them than was the case even a decade ago. This suggests that theappropriatecare of elderly people should be a central issue for health care policy and management, but that demographic issues are, in the short run at least, largely a red herring.
A Population-Based Analysis of Manitoba's Nursing Home Sector
Authors: DeCoster Carolyn , Roos Noralou , Shapiro Evelyn 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the nursing home component of the population-based health information system developed in Manitoba, and four years (1989/90 to 1992/93) of data produced by this information system. The study presents regional comparisons of nursing home bed ratios, admissions per 1,000 elderly, days of care per capita, mean expected length of stay for new admissions and median length of waiting time prior to admission. Selected hospital indicators for long-stay patients are also presented. The study indicates that a population-based information system is a useful tool for managing the nursing home sector by highlighting the degree to which a province achieves distributional equity and equality of access to nursing home beds.
User Fees for Health Care: Why a Bad Idea Keeps Coming Back (Or, What's Health Got to Do With It?)
Authors: Evans Robert G. , Barer Morris L. , Stoddart Greg L. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTCalls for user fees in Canadian health care go back as far as the debate leading up to the establishment of Canada's national hospital insurance program in the late 1950s. Although the rationales have shifted around somewhat, some of the more consistent claims have been that user fees are necessary as a source of additional revenue for a badly underfunded system, that they are necessary to control runaway health care costs, and that they will deter unnecessary use (read abuse) of the system. But the real reasons that user fees have been such hardy survivors of the health policy wars, bear little relation to the claims commonly made for them. Their introduction in the financing of hospital or medical care in Canada would be to the benefit of a number of groups, and not just those one usually thinks of. We show that those who are healthy, and wealthy, would join health care providers (and possibly insurers) as net beneficiaries of a reintroduction of user fees for hospital and medical care in Canada. The flip side of this is that those who are indigent and ill will bear the brunt of the redistribution (for that is really what user fees are all about), and seniors feature prominently in those latter groups. Claims of other positive effects of user fees, such as reducing total health care costs, or improving appropriateness or accessibility, simply do not stand up in the face of the available evidence. In the final analysis, therefore, whether one is for or against user fees reduces to whether one is for or against the resulting income redistribution.
The Future of Long-Term Care in Canada – A British Perspective
Authors: Walker Alan 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉCet article a pour but d'étoffer les analyses du système de soins de santé canadien présentées dans ce numéro spécial. Ainsi, il résume les dernières politiques élaborées en matière de soins de longue durée pour les personnes âgées en Grande-Bretagne. La situation dans ce pays est très pertinente au débat canadien quant à l'avenir de son système de soins de longue durée car, comme le Canada et contrairement aux États-Unis, la Grande-Bretagne possède un système national de soins de santé universels. Par conséquent, les répercussions des réformes apportées au système au cours des 16 dernières années, à savoir la commercialisation, la privatisation, le fractionnement des soins sociaux offerts au public, l'aiguillage des personnes âgées du système national de soins de santé vers les soins sociaux et l'utilisation de critère de revenu à l'accès et de tickets modérateurs, peuvent mettre en lumière certains éléments révélateurs pour les décideurs canadiens en politiques qui envisagent emprunter une voie semblable. La première partie de l'article résume la façon dont l'opinion est passée du consensus au conflit, au Royaume-Uni, en ce qui a trait à la politique sur les services sociaux et de santé. La deuxième partie discute des cinq principales questions soulevées à la suite de la dernière réforme britannique dans le secteur des soins de longue durée. Finalement, il émet l'espoir que, contrairement à la Grande-Bretagne, l'avenir des services sociaux et de santé destinés aux personnes âgées au Canada fasse l'objet d'une discussion ouverte.
Loss and Renewal in Old Age: Some Literary Models
Authors: Manning Gerald F. 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉCet article examine un problème courant, soit la perte, totale ou partielle, des facultés chez les aînés, et donne quelques exemples fictifs de stratégies pour y faire face. La première partie du texte porte sur certains ouvrages traitant du désoeuvrement, notamment une nouvelle de Carol Bly intitulée «Gunnar's Sword,» et le roman de David Malouf An Imaginary Life. La seconde partie de cet essai compare deux romans récents décrivant le quotidien des aînés, soit Adele at the End of the Day, de Tom Marshall, et The Remains of the Day, de Kazuo Ishiguro. Tous les ouvrages examinés sont évalués selon leur contribution à la compréhension du vieillissement et leur succès sur le plan littéraire.
E.A. Fattah and V.F. Sacco. Crime and Victimization of the Elderly. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1989, pp. 310.
Authors: Poirier Donald 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis is two books in one. The six first chapters deal with elders as criminals, the last six with elders as victims of crimes. Each part is written as a whole and seems to have been written by only one author. The visual as well as the intellectual presentation differs from one part to the other. While the first part stresses a more psychological approach, the second one is definitely written from a sociological point of view. The first part is not up to par with the last one. It is much less critical and relies more on American data which are sometimes contradicted by the recent Canadian data, as is the case with respect to elder poverty. The authors agree that the whole problem of crime and victimization of the elderly may be one which was artificially created by gerontologist and other professional interests. They argue that insisting on the pseudo problems of crime and victimization of the elderly may serve the intersts of some professionals while leaving unaddressed, and perhaps even mystified, the more basic issues that confront the elderly within the contest of contemporary generational arrangements.
Resources and Costs Associated with Disabilities of Elderly People Living at Home and in Institutions
Authors: Hébert Réjean , Dubuc Nicole , Buteau Martin , Desrosiers Johanne , Bravo Gina , Trottier Lise , St-Hilaire Carole , Roy Chantale 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉCette étude a été réalisée auprès d'un échantillon représentatif de sujets âgées vivant à domicile (n = 300), dans des ressources de type familial (RTF) ou des pavilions (n = 271) et dans des institutions d'hébergement (n = 774) de zones métropolitaine, urbaines et rurales du Québec afin de: 1) déterminer le niveau d'incapacité et les ressources consacrés aux soins des personnes âgées vivant à domicile ou en institution; 2) estimer les coûts (publics, privés et bénévoles) de ces ressources; 3) comparer les coûts à autonomie égale; 4) prédire les coûts selon le niveau d'incapacité. Les principaux résultats montrent que les sujets des trois milieux de vie présentent des différences significatives quant au niveau d'incapacité, à l'état cognitif et aux soins requis et fournis, bien que des chevauchements importants étaient notables. Le score d'incapacité explique 85 pour cent de la variance du temps de soins ainsi que, respectivement, 55, 15 et 68 pour cent des coûts à domicile, en RTF et pavilions et en institutions. Les soins infirmiers et d'assistance sont responsables de la majorité des coûts dans tous les milieux de vie. Le coût social total des soins à domicile étaient plus élevé que ceux en RTF et pavilions pour les sujets avec un score d'incapacité de 7,4 et plus et même supérieur à ceux en institutions pour un score au-dessus de 38,7.