bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P03-260 - Substance Abuse And Adolescence - Study Of New Referrals To A Portuguese Substance Abuse Treatment Service During A Year
Authors: Soares M. , Pedroso S. , Simoes M. , Andrade E. , Fraga M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesStudy of a patient population with drug problems. Analyses of demographics and drug abuse data.MethodsWe examined medical files of all new patients who attended the outpatient clinic of the Drug and Drug Abuse Institute in Coimbra, Portugal, during a period of a year, in order to characterize this population.ResultsA sample of 171 patients, predominantly male, age ranging from 15 to 54 years-old, was evaluated. Within our sample, low education predominates, with early school drop-out. The predominant initial drug (excluding alcohol and tobacco) was hashish. The age of onset of consumption varied between 7 and 38 years-old. The main drug of most patients is heroine (n=100), and most started their consumption between ages 15 and 18 years-old.ConclusionsThe best treatment of substance abuse is prevention. While there are well-controlled studies available for the treatment of substance use disorders in adults, no such studies are available for children or adolescents. Psychological, although not physical, dependence has been reported with cannabis use. Regular users may withdraw from the challenges of the external world into a state of chronic low motivation. Such individuals then become at risk for entering into more dangerous drug-taking activities. Earlier adolescent substance use and heavier adolescent substance use are associated with greater risk of later drug problems. In addition to providing a service to people with drug problems, it is necessary to focus on prevention and discourage the consumption of the so called mild drugs.
P03-261 - Sphincter Of Oddi Dysfunction:Sonographic Examination In Opiate Addicts
Authors: Soltan M. , Abdel Ghaffar M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo benefit from the usefulness of ultrasonography in measurement of common bile duct in opiate addicts and to correlate between the common bile duct (CBD) diameter and the duration of addiction.Materials and methodFifteen addicts, diagnosed according to DSM IV diagnostic criteria, were examined by abdominal ultrasound. The common bile duct is measured and the results were analyzed with other factors like age, the period of addiction, laboratory findings.ResultsAccording to the findings, there is a significant increase in the range of the CBD diameter in comparison with normal bile ducts. Also, the mean diameter of the CBD in the different age groups showed a significant difference (p < 0.01) and there was a positive significant correlation between the CBD diameter and the period of addiction (p < 0.05, r = 0.875); the multiple comparisons shows that the significant difference between the 3 age groups were due to a significance between group (1) & (2), and group (1) & (3) but no significance between group (2) & (3). So, with the increased length of the addiction period, the mean CBD diameter increases.ConclusionIn opiate addicts, the common bile duct is found to be dilated; however with normal serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase level and no obstructive causes by ultrasound examination, no need for any further assessment.
P03-269 - A Survey Of The Extent Of Alcohol Use On Academic Performances Of Undergraduates
Authors: Welcome Osain M. , Pereverzev Alekseevic V. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesAlcohol use by students is a major public health problem, leading to the Secondhand Effects - decrease in academic performance, injuries, blackouts etc.AimTo determine the extent of alcohol use on academic performance of university students.MethodsParticipants (n=46, mean age - 21 yrs) received the AUDIT questionnaire and other alcohol related questions. Grade Point Average and the effectiveness to sit for examinations of all participants from the 1st to 6th semesters of university education were used as objective criteria for problems related with alcohol use. The Pearson χ2 and Student's t-tests were employed for analysis of results. The probability value for significance was set at p< 0.05.ResultsAlcohol and non-alcohol users were 41.3% and 58.7% respectively. Among alcohol users, the average quantity of alcohol used by one person per month was 37ml of absolute ethanol. A 10.9 - 11.4% higher rate of academic performance was noted among the non-alcohol users only in the 3rd, 4th and 5th, 6th semesters. The cases of injuries and blackouts were higher among the alcohol users by approximately 35 times. About 75% of all drinkers reported alcohol use only during their university education. The dose-time response effect of alcohol use on cademic performance was also proven.
P03-273 - Orexins: Looking Back In Stress And Forward To Addiction
Authors: Xiu P.Y. , Masand S. , Agius M. , Zaman R. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe hypothalamus plays an important role in regulating stress, reward and motivated behaviours. Central to this is the orexin (hypocretin) system, which is a key player in regulating these processes. The orexin system reflects an established functional dichotomy, where reward-mediated pathways are regulated by the anatomically distinct lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons; and stress is regulated by the orexin neurons located in the perifornical area.ObjectivesTo analyse current experimental literature on the role of orexin in the regulation of both stress and addictionMethodsPubMed - searched with MeSH term “orexin” or “hypocretin”, with additional terms; “addiction”, “stress”, “relapse”.ResultsThe orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus act on the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, activating it directly, to produce its reward-seeking behavioural effects. The orexin neurons of perifornical area however mediate the response to stress, by increasing arousal, locomotor activity, and cardiovascular responses. But, via the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA), it can also mediate effects on the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, in particular the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and cause reward-seeking behaviour as well. Additionally neurons containing corticotrophin-releasing factor connect the HPA reciprocally with lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons.ConclusionsThe pathways by which they work through are now understood reasonably well, but there is still new evidence emerging all the time which is increasing our understanding of the whole system, and this will have major implications in how we can approach addiction and diseases where the reward pathways are continuously activated.
P03-278 - Gene-Environment Interactions Of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor 1 (Crhr1) And Stressful Life Events In Suicide Attempts
Authors: Ben-Efraim Y.J. , Wasserman D. , Wasserman J. , Sokolowski M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesSuicide is a leading cause of death in young people worldwide. Risk factors for suicidal behaviors and endophenotypes are partly heritable, and include variants in genes that drive stress diathesis in addition to, or by interaction with, certain adverse environments. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis genes are candidates for association with the dysregulated cortisol response to psychosocial stress that is observed in suicidal individuals. The role of HPA axis genetic variation will be explored in the context of varying “susceptibility” to suicidality after exposure to certain stressful life events.MethodsA family-based association test was used on a case offspring-parent “trio” sample of 672 suicide attempt cases and their parents. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP's) and/or haplotypes in CRHR1 were studied for interaction with age of exposure to physical and/or sexual assault, gender, and/or lifetime exposure to other types of stressful events.ResultsPreliminary findings show interactions of certain CRHR1 SNP's with sexual and/or physical assault that are associated with suicide attempt, possibly using a violent method. Possible associations with candidate endophenotypes such as Cluster B personalities and early-onset major depression are under investigation.ConclusionsInteractions of HPA axis genetic variants and stressful life events are consistent with a stress diathesis model of suicidal behavior, and may additionally influence the method and medical damage outcomes of suicide attempts, which may explain part of the diversity within this phenotype.
P03-281 - Attempted Suicide Among Immigrants In European Countries - An International Perspective
Authors: Bursztein Lipsicas C. , Makinen I.H. , Wasserman D. , Apter A. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe literature on suicidal behaviour among immigrants is scarce and little has been written from a comparative perspective.AimsThe aim was to investigate whether suicide attempts are more common among immigrants than among their hosts, to map the differences between different immigrant groupings, and to analyse whether suicidal behaviours among immigrants and the populations of their countries of origin are related.MethodsData on suicide attempts (27,000 person-cases) originated from the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Suicidal Behaviour. Suicide attempt rates were calculated for each group. The immigrant groups were compared at each Center and across Centers. The completed-suicide rates of the home countries were compared to attempted-suicide rates in the immigrant groups using rank correlations.ResultsTwenty-seven of the 56 immigrant groups showed significantly higher suicide attempt rates than their hosts. Also, they tended to have similar rates across different Centers. There was a significant correlation between the country-of-origin suicide rate and the immigrant-group suicide attempt rate among those born there. However, Chileans, Iranians, Moroccans and Turks displayed high suicide-attempt rates as immigrants despite low suicide rates in the home countries.ConclusionsThe similarity of the groups’ rates across Centers, and that of the suicidal behaviour in the countries of origin and among immigrants suggests strong continuity, which may be interpreted in cultural or genetic terms. The generally higher rates among immigrants in each Center and across Centers point to the influence of acculturative factors. Additional investigation into the specific characteristics of immigrant suicide attempters is needed.
P03-282 - Attention Of Suicide Attempts In Psychiatric Emergency
Authors: Campos Mangas M.C. , Ruiz Feliu M.A. 
Published: June 2010

Introductioninterconsultation mode of observation from the emergency service is a subtype of demand related in large part with suicide attempts. the initial priority is to ensure the absence of organic complications resulting from suicide attempts, so it is usual in the course of 24 hours is appropriate to the request for psychiatric assessmentAimsdescription of demographic and clinical profile associated with suicide attempts treated in the emergency departmentMethodsare selected interconsultations motivated suicide attempts over 4 consecutive months in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. the results were analyzed using SPSS 14Resultsis selected from all those applications that relate to suicide attempts, resulting in a sample of 48 patients. the percentage of sex femininity is 73% and the average age is 38 years. respect to outstanding personal psychiatric history of affective disorders with 74%, substance abuse accounts for 37% and 10% psychotic history. 52% had made previous suicide attempts of low lethality and in 6% serious previous attempts. regarding the method used highlights with a 57% intake of drugs and second toxic and ingestion of alcohol and drugs.Conclusionsevidenced a higher prevalence in female suicide attempts and low lethality, both of previous attempts like those presented today. only 10% of cases, held an admission to a psychiatric inpatient unit. the relationship with affective disorders, as well as with substance abuse is widely recognized in the literature
P03-284 - Self-Immolation Of The Soviet Opponents In Central Europe : Suicidal Behaviour Or Political Protest?
Authors: Cechova-Vayleux E. , Brière M. , Gohier B. , Garré J.-B. , Richard-Devantoy S. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionAround thirty of cases of public self-immolation occurred in Czechoslovakia, Poland and Lithuania between 1968 and 1972 in the background of protest movement against the Soviet ledinvasion. Rather than an act of a political protest, in a moment of absurdity of the existence, or a rational solution aimed to finish a desperate life situation, could a self-immolation also testify a suicidal behaviour and a failure of adaptation mechanisms of the victims concomitant a mental disorder?MethodWe have selected and studied four most mediated cases of this period. Press articles available in English, French and Czech, biographical writings and czech archived data concerning Palach J. R. Kalanta, J. Zajic and R. Siwiec allowed us to retrospectively analyse the circumstances of the acting out, their apparent or hidden motivations and identify their suicidal risk factors.ResultsAll the four victims were men, young single students, aged between 18 and 21 years, excepted from R. Siwiec, aged 60 years. None had a psychiatric history or abuse of alcohol. All four, in the opposition of the communist system, were surrounded by a supporting family background. The public character of their act highlights the opposition against a totalitarian system and is questionning the possible intentionality of their behavior or the identification process of the young adults in post-adolescence.ConclusionImmolation by fire of Soviet opponents in Central Europe should be revised in the light of the likely depression and narcissistic vulnerabilities of these subjects.
P03-286 - Characteristic Of Suicidal Behavior Peoples In Minsk City
Authors: Davidouski S. , Igymnov S. , Gelda A. 
Published: June 2010

Minsk city is the capital of the Republic of Belarus, in which 1 770 000 people live. Minsk had a heavy figures of suicidal activity (2003 -19,7 cases per 100 000, 2004 - 15,7 cases per 100 000 population).To prevent suicide in Minsk a suicidal activity monitoring is conducted since 2005; it includes registration of all cases of suicide and suicide attempts. The monitoring aimed to identify main forms of suicidal behavior, gender and age-specific characteristics of suicide. It was revealed that among suicides prevailed men, aged 40-59 year. Most common type of suicide are hanging, 85% of all cases. Among suicides 62.3% have one or another concentration of alcohol in the blood, often a concentration of from 1.5 to 2.5%.Only 16.6% of the total committed suicides get to medical help as a result of addiction problems. About 30% of the total committed suicides seek medical help to a general practitioner, but no signs of suicidal behavior did not. 65% of the total committed suicides never worked and has not studied. This group do not seek psychological help (request it mostly women - 85%, aged 35-45 years).As shown by 3-year observation, only 0.5% persons who commit suicide attempts committed suicide later.As a result of this work a strategy for prevention of suicidal behavior has been elaborated, including: implemented control of psychoactive drugs use; organized collaboration with mass media; educational seminars for general practitioners and social workers.
P03-287 - Suicide: 5-Year Follow Up Among The Psychiatric Population Of An Italian Mental Health Service
Authors: Di Lorenzo R. , Fiorini F. , Mimmi S. , Simoni E. , Rigatelli M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesSuicide remains the most severe emergency in every psychiatric disorder.MethodsAfter evaluating the frequency of suicide among patients followed from 1-1-2004 to 31-12-2005 by the Mental Health Service of Modena Centro, we statistically analyzed socio-demographic and clinical data of suicide patients (n=25).ResultsAmong psychiatric population followed by our psychiatric service in the observation period, suicide occurred in the 0.15% of all patients (25/16392) and represented the third cause of death, after cardiovascular disorders and neoplasia. The median age of suicide patients was 42 years for male and 50 years for women, with a ratio male/female of 1.8:1. “Depressive Disorders” followed by “Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders” represented the prevalent psychiatric diagnosis with a statistically significant correlation to suicide death cause (p< 0.005; Chi square test). The suicide patients had being treated for more than one year by psychiatric service (685 days, median) and 10 % of them was hospitalized in a psychiatric ward during the observation period. Suicide occurred after 73 days (median) from last psychiatric discharge and 12 days (median) from last psychiatric consultation.ConclusionsOur data confirmed the literature: suicide is more frequent in young male affected by Depressive Disorders or Schizophrenia and other Psychotic Disorders1. We have to conclude pessimistically about our preventive capacity since suicide occurred in patients already hospitalized and treated for a long period and after a short period from the last psychiatric intervention.
P03-290 - Profile Of The Typical Suicide Attempter In The South Of Portugal
Authors: Estevens D. , Carvalho M. , Guete-Tur O. 
Published: June 2010

Suicide rates in the southern region of Portugal are more prevalent compared to other regions.We will present the results of an on-going research, being carried out with the main purpose of analysing different risk factors associated to suicidal attempts and to establish a profile of the typical attempter.We are studying a clinical sample of 60 adults, both males and females, recurring to emergency room in a general hospital after a suicidal attempt.A multimodal assessment matrix is being used to evaluate depression, suicidal ideation and intention, and individual, social, and environmental factors commonly related to the onset of major depression, namely hopelessness and pessimism, cognitive processing, interpersonal relations, and life events.We expect to obtain a clinical and socio demographic profile of suicidal attempters useful to the design and the implementation of primary and secondary prevention programs.
P03-296 - Factors Associated With Psychiatric Visit After Emergency Care At The Emergency Room Following Suicide Attempt
Authors: Kweon Y. , Choi K.-H. , Lee H.-K. , Lee C.-T. , Lee K.-U. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionSuicide is a serious phenomenon associated with psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesIn the present study, we investigated factors that can predict follow-up at the psychiatric clinic after medical care at the emergency room (ER).MethodsMedical records of the 145 patients treated at the ER following suicide attempt from Jan 1, 2009 to July 31, 2009 were reviewed. Age, sex, past psychiatric history, impulsiveness and medical severity of suicide attempt, risk-rescue rating scores, reasons for suicide attempt and methods of suicide were examined. Psychiatric diagnoses were made by psychiatrists at the initial interview with patients at ER.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 42.9 ± 15.7 years, and 68.3 % were women and 31.7% were men. Among the suicide methods, psychotropics were the most common (69%), and ingestion of pesticides was the second (19.3%). Interpersonal problems were the most common precipitating event (57.9%), and depression was the most common (89%). About a half had previous psychiatric disorders and about one third had previous suicide attempt. Fifteen patients (10.3%) attempted planned suicide and 124 patients (85.5%) attempted impulsively. Mean risk and rescue rating scores was 8.6 ±1.6 and 12.3 ± 2.2. About one third had a follow-up psychiatric visit. The most important predictor of psychiatric follow-up was risk rating scores.ConclusionsThis study suggests that women with interpersonal problems and depression should be carefully monitored to reduce suicide attempt. Patients commit less risky suicide attempts tend to more loss to psychiatric follow-up, thus, need more attention to prevent suicide re-attempts.
P03-297 - Differences And Similarities Of Number Of Life Events Among Patients Admitted After Attempted Suicide
Authors: Nrugham L. , Mehlum L. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo examine associations between current diagnostic profile, suicidal intent, functional impairment and history of deliberate self harm (DSH) and life events among patients admitted to a general hospital after an act of attempted suicide.Materials and methodsParticipants (n = 86) were patients consecutively admitted to a general hospital emergency care unit over the inclusion period of 26 months after an act of attempted suicide. They were interviewed within 2 days using the EPSIS protocol, the MINI and SCID-II interviews and a range of scales measuring life events (Brugha's scale), depression (MADRS), alcohol abuse (AUDIT), substance abuse (DAST), suicidal intent (SIS) and functioning levels (GAF). Simple regression analyses (linear and logistic) and t-tests were used in data analyses.ResultsMen [4.9(2.6)] reported significantly more life events than women [3.6(2.0)], t(47.7) = 2.2, p < .05. Functional impairment was inversely associated with the number of life events among men, explaining more than 25% of the variance, F = 10.2(1, 28), p < .01. Number of life events was not associated with any diagnostic group, mean scores of depression severity, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, suicidal intent or with a history of an act of DSH.ConclusionsNot only did men report more life events, their functioning was also affected by number of life events, indicating vulnerability to psychosocial aspects beyond psychological or psychiatric aspects in men admitted to a general hospital after attempted suicide.
P03-299 - Pharmaco- And Psychoprevention Of Suicides In Elderly Patients With Depressions
Authors: Maruta N. , Yavdak I. , Cherednyakova O. , Shestakova M. 
Published: June 2010

The aim of this study was to develop a system for diagnosis and prevention of suicides in elderly patients with depressions. 87 elderly patients with depressions (F 41.2) were examined. The clinico-psychopathological, pathopsychological and statistical methods were used.It was found out that elderly patients with depressions had suicidal attempts in 53.1%, suicidal thoughts in 19.4%, suicidal intentions in 27.6%. In the structure of suicidal attempts true suicidal attempts (44.9%) predominated over demonstrative ones (8.2%), and non-complete suicidal attempts (50.0%) prevailed over compete ones (3.1%).It was defined that in elderly patients with depressions and a suicidal behavior a manifested (29.1±4.6 points on Hamilton Scale) anxiety (agitated) (53.1%) and senesto-hypochondriacal (25.5%) depression prevailed. A suicidal behavior in these patients manifested on the background of introversion (78.6%), explosive (62.2%), psychasthenic (55.1%) personality peculiarities; a low neuropsychic stability (77.6%); a predomination of autoaggression (62.2%) and suspiciousness (43.9%) in the behavior.Predictors of a suicidal behavior in elderly patients with depressions were autoaggression (38.1±3.5 points), impulsiveness (35.2±5.6 points), a narrowing of cognitive functions (28.9±5.7 points), impairments of interpersonal contacts (22.2±4.6 points).The analysis of a clinico-psychopathological structure, mechanisms, regularities of formation and development of a suicidal behavior, its motivation, suicidal and antisuicidal factors in elderly patients with depressions allowed us to work out and implement a system for prevention of a suicidal behavior, which based on principles of systematic, differentiation of approaches, timing, complexity, and division on stages.