bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐Vitro Electrochemical Prelithiation: A Key Performance‐Boosting Strategy for Carbon Nanotube‐Containing Silicon‐Based Negative Electrodes in Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ünal Leyla , Maccio‐Figgemeier Viviane , Eshetu Gebrekidan Gebresilassie , Figgemeier Egbert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrelithiation technology has emerged as an enabling approach towards the practical deployment of Silicon negative electrode‐based Li‐Ion batteries, leading to significant advancement in initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), energy density and cycle life. In this study, an electrochemical prelithiation has been applied to Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)‐containing Silicon‐rich Silicon/Graphite‐based negative electrode, eliminating almost ~51.03 % of its first irreversible capacity losses. In contrast, a benchmarking negative electrode utilizing Carbon black (Super P) as conductive additive is found to demonstrate a reduction of ~39.55 % after prelithiation, which is considerably lower compared to MWCNTs‐based electrode system. Post‐mortem analysis using Energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) shows disparities between pristine‐cycled and prelithiated‐cycled negative electrodes. Overall, prelithiation enabled MWCNTs can be regarded as an essential additive component in Silicon‐based negative electrode systems for high‐energy density Li‐Ion batteries.
Fachkräfte für die Chemieindustrie
Authors: Gandert Etwina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDer demografische Wandel verändert auch die Altersstruktur in Unternehmen der Chemieindustrie. Es gilt, nicht nur junge Fachkräfte zu gewinnen, sondern auch Wissen und Erfahrung auf die nachfolgende Generation zu transferieren. CITplus fragt bei Jens Becker, CFO, und Magdalena Langel, Talent Acquisition Manager bei Levaco nach, wie sie diesen Herausforderungen begegnen und welche Lösungen sie zum Wissensmanagement gefunden haben
Recycling von Batterie‐Rohstoffen
Authors: von Blumenthal Georg 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFür den Erfolg der Elektromobilität ist eine nachhaltige Versorgung mit Batterierohstoffen entscheidend. Nickel‐Mangan‐Kobalt (NMC)‐Akkus sind derzeit führend, könnten jedoch bis 2030 von den weniger rohstoffintensiven Lithium‐Eisenphosphat (LFP)‐Batterien abgelöst werden. Die EU stuft wichtige Batterierohstoffe als kritisch ein und fördert das Recycling von Lithiumbatterien, um Versorgungssicherheit und Nachhaltigkeit zu verbessern. Fortschrittliche Recyclingmethoden und gesetzliche Regelungen sind essenziell für den übergang zur Elektromobilität.
TA Luft und GFK‐Flanschverbindungen
Authors: Gross Thomas , Schaaf Manfred , Frank Markus , Lebitschnig Andreas , Klar Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDie Novellierung der Technischen Anleitung zur Reinhaltung der Luft (TA Luft), die am 18. August 2021 als Erste Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zum Bundes‐Immissionsschutzgesetz publiziert wurde, stellt neue Herausforderungen für Betreiber von industriellen Anlagen dar, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Kontrolle von diffusen Emissionen an Flanschverbindungen. Zur Adressierung dieser erweiterten Vorschriften haben sich Experten der Unternehmen Evonik, Wacker und Merck zu einer interdisziplinären Arbeitsgruppe zusammengeschlossen.
Crystalline Transformation of Glycolide Induced by Organic Solvents and Relative Humidity
Authors: Wen Liang , Yin Tian , Xue Ya‐Qi , Zhao Yi‐Zhen , Liu Xiao , Ma Jian‐Gong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer material, polyglycolic acid is attracting more and more attention in the field of polymeric and biomedical materials. Consequently, the study of the transformation between different crystal forms of glycolide, the monomer of polyglycolic acid, is of great importance, because crystal forms of glycolide determine the stabilities and properties of polyglycolic acid products polymerized under different conditions in industry. Herein, this article reports the synthesis and crystallization of α‐ and β‐glycolide controlled by the type of organic solvents and/or temperatures, during which an intermediate crystal form of β′‐glycolide is newly observed. The transformation between α‐, β‐, and β′‐glycolide is investigated in detail, and the stabilities of different crystal forms are illustrated via the controlled experiments under different relative humidity (RH) as well as the theoretical calculations, which should provide fundamental concepts and guidance for the industrial production of glycolide and optimization of polyglycolic acid products.
Characterization of InN Grown Directly on Sapphire Substrate Using Plasma‐Enhanced Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Gotow Takahiro , Kumagai Naoto , Shimizu Tetsuji , Yamada Hisashi , Ide Toshihide , Maeda Tatsuro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDirect InN growth is demonstrated and characterized on a sapphire (Al2O3) substrate by plasma‐enhanced metal–organic chemical vapor deposition using high‐density nitrogen (N2) microstrip‐line microwave plasma. N2 plasma irradiation at 650 °C for 20 min forms AlN on Al2O3 substrate. No peak regarding metallic In droplets is detected from InN/Al2O3 regardless of N2 plasma irradiation. InN is found to be rotated 30° with their a‐axis oriented to become InN // Al2O3. The transition layers are confirmed at the InN/Al2O3 interface regardless of N2 plasma irradiation. The surface of InN consisted of large undulations with root mean square values >30 nm, suggesting that strain relaxation introduces misfit dislocations.
Drought tolerance and grain yield performance of genetically diverse pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] seed and restorer parental lines
Authors: Ramalingam Ajay Prasanth , Rathinagiri Akilan , Serba Desalegn D. , Madasamy Parani , Muthurajan Raveendran , Prasad P. V. Vara , Perumal Ramasamy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a climate‐resilient cereal crop widely grown in arid and semiarid environments and an important crop for food, fodder, and nutritional security. This study was aimed at evaluating genetic variation(s) for drought tolerance‐related traits in a set of 29 seed (B) and 27 restorer (R) lines and identifying pearl millet inbreds for hybrid development. Field experiments were conducted in a split‐plot in randomized complete block design with three replications for 2 years. Moisture regimes (irrigated and rainfed) were kept as main plot treatments, and the genotypes were used as subplot treatments. Principal component analysis and neighbor joining clustering revealed the presence of greater genetic diversity between B and R lines. Combined analysis of variance showed significant difference(s) between the lines, treatments, and years. Genotype + genotype × environment interaction biplot indicated the significant environment and treatment effect(s) on grain yield per plant, number of seeds per plant, and 1000‐grain weight. Rank summation index based on percentage reduction and multi‐trait stability index analyses for the above three traits identified the best adapted genotypes for rainfed conditions. Based on these analyses, seven seed parents (ARCH41B, ARCH01B, ARCH13B, ARCH44B, ARCH09B, ARCH24B, and ARCH30B) and six pollinators (ARCH36R, ARCH68R, ARCH22R, ARCH63R, ARCH50R, and ARCH60R) were identified as potential parents to develop high‐yielding and drought‐tolerant pearl millet hybrids for the semiarid tropics.
How does mindful leadership promote employee green behavior? The moderating role of green human resource management
Authors: Yang Jin , Yu Ting , Li Anya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGiven the global environmental issues, mindful leadership could be a new approach to help employees and organizations keep their inner capabilities of mindfulness and resilience in facing uncertainty and complexity. Building on social information processing theory, the present study theorized and tested the effect of mindful leadership on employee green behavior. Among the links proposed, green organizational identity and green self‐efficacy were utilized as mediating roles, and green human resource management (GHRM) was regarded as a moderator. A total of 291 sample data were collected from Southwestern China, and the research hypotheses were examined by a structural equation model. Results confirm the significant indirect effect between mindful leadership and employee green behavior through the mediating roles of green organizational identity and green self‐efficacy. GHRM moderates the relationship between mindful leadership and employee green organizational identity, green self‐efficacy, and green behavior. Results provide a new perspective on employees' green outcomes and provide practical significance for improving organizational environmental sustainability.
A high step‐up DC/DC converter with capacitor‐clamped double‐switch structure for proton exchange membrane fuel cell application
Authors: Zhou Xuanhao , Qi Zhidong , Bai Liyin , Chu Kaihui , Zhou Lifeng 
Published: May 2024

SummaryDue to the low output voltage and soft output characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), DC/DC converter with high voltage gain has become a key part for safe and stable operation. In this paper, a novel high step‐up DC/DC converter with switched‐inductor (SI), switched‐capacitor (SC), and a capacitor‐clamped double‐switch structure is proposed, which can obtain high voltage gain with lower duty cycle and low voltage stress on switches and diodes. Switches run in an interleaving mode to reduce the inductor current ripple. The detailed analysis of the converter, device parameter design, comparation with other converters, and double closed‐loop controller design are presented, respectively. Finally, a 100‐W, 15‐V/100‐V experimental prototype is built to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter and controller.
A case of intra‐abdominal gossypiboma diagnosed preoperatively by endoscopic ultrasound fine‐needle‐aspiration
Authors: Dainaka Katsuyuki , Juichiro Yoshida , Inada Yutaka , Fukui Akifumi , Nishimura Takeshi , Fujii Hideki , Tomatsuri Naoya , Okuyama Yusuke , Sato Hideki , Urata Yoji 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGossypiboma is an extremely rare adverse event occurring post‐surgery, where surgical gauze is left within the body. If aseptically retained, it can lead to the formation of granulation tissue through chronic inflammation and adhesion with surrounding tissues, potentially persisting asymptomatically for many years. While diagnosis of this condition has been reported through various imaging modalities such as abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography, cases not presenting with typical findings are difficult for preoperative diagnosis, and instances where it is discovered postoperatively exist. Particularly when in contact with the gastrointestinal tract within the abdominal cavity, differentiation from submucosal tumors of the digestive tract becomes problematic. This report describes the imaging characteristics of endoscopic ultrasound and the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound‐fine‐needle‐aspiration for tissue diagnosis in the preoperative diagnosis of intra‐abdominal gossypiboma.
Relation of myocardial dysfunction to biomarkers, COVID‐19 severity and all‐cause mortality
Authors: Chen Jianxiong , Jin Lin , Zhang Mengjiao , Wu Lingheng , Shen Cuiqin , Sun Jiali , Du Lianfang , Luo Xianghong , Li Zhaojun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsThe COVID‐19 infection has been described as affecting myocardial injury. However, the relation between left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS) and global radial strain (GRS), disease severity and all‐cause mortality in COVID‐19 is unclear.Methods and ResultsThe study consisted of 220 patients with COVID‐19, including 127 (57.5%) with mild, 43 (19.5%) with moderate and 50 (22.7%) with severe/critical conditions. Myocardial dysfunction was analysed by GLS, GCS and GRS using two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography. Hazard ratios and Kaplan–Meier curves were produced to assess the association between strains and cardiac biomarker indices with a composite outcome of all‐cause mortality. With an average follow‐up period of 11 days, 19 patients reached the endpoint (death). Significant associations were found for the three strain parameters and the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (r = 0.206, 0.221 and 0.355, respectively). Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was closely related to the GLS and GCS (r = 0.240 and 0.324, respectively). In multivariable Cox regression, GCS > −21.6% was associated with all‐cause death {hazard ratio, 4.007 [95% confidence interval (CI), 11.347–11.919]}.ConclusionsGLS, GCS and GRS are significantly related to myocardial dysfunction in patients with COVID‐19. Worsening GCS poses an increased risk of death in COVID‐19.
Elasto‐inertial particle focusing in sinusoidal microfluidic channels
Authors: Chen Dalin , Huang Qiang , Ni Zhonghua , Xiang Nan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDean flow existing in sinusoidal channels could enhance the throughput and efficiency for elasto‐inertial particle focusing. However, the fundamental mechanisms of elasto‐inertial focusing in sinusoidal channels are still unclear. This work employs four microfluidic devices with symmetric and asymmetric sinusoidal channels to explore the elasto‐inertial focusing mechanisms over a wide range of flow rates. The effects of rheological property, flow rate, sinusoidal channel curvature, particle size, and asymmetric geometry on particle focusing performance are investigated. It is intriguing to find that the Dean flow makes a substantial contribution to the particle elasto‐inertial focusing. The results illustrate that a better particle focusing performance and a faster focusing process are obtained in the sinusoidal channel with a small curvature radius due to stronger Dean flow. In addition, the particle focusing performance is also related to particle diameter and rheological properties, the larger particles show a better focusing performance than smaller particles, and the smaller flow rate is required for particles to achieve stable focusing at the outlet in the higher concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions. Our work offers an increased knowledge of the mechanisms of elasto‐inertial focusing in sinusoidal channels. Ultimately, these results provide supportive guidelines into the design and development of sinusoidal elasto‐inertial microfluidic devices for high‐performance focusing.
Mitigation of parasitic leakage current in indoor perovskite photovoltaic modules using porous alumina interlayer
Authors: Jeon Gyeong G. , Lee Da Seul , Choi Min Jun , Seo You‐Hyun , Huang Shujuan , Kim Jong H. , Shin Seong Sik , Kim Jincheol 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIndoor photovoltaics are limited by their inherently low‐photogenerated carrier density, leading to heightened carrier recombination and adverse leakage currents compared with conventional solar cells operating under 1 sun condition. To address these problems, this work incorporates a porous insulating interlayer (Al2O3) in perovskite devices, which effectively mitigates recombination and parasitic leakage current. A systematic investigation of the relationship between shunt resistance, photocarrier generation, and recombination at different light intensities demonstrates the effectiveness of the alumina interlayer in perovskite solar cells under low‐light conditions. Moreover, the practicability of the alumina interlayer was demonstrated through its successful implementation in a large‐area perovskite solar module (PSM). With bandgap engineering, the optimized PSM achieves a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 33.5% and a record‐breaking power density of 107.3 μW cm−2 under 1000 lux illumination. These results underscore the potential of alumina interlayers in improving energy harvesting performance, particularly in low‐light indoor environments.image
Outpatient management of prolonged seizures and seizure clusters to prevent progression to a higher‐level emergency: Consensus recommendations of an expert working group
Authors: Pina‐Garza Jesus Eric , Chez Michael , Cloyd James , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Kälviäinen Reetta , Klein Pavel , Lagae Lieven , Sankar Raman , Specchio Nicola , Strzelczyk Adam , Toledo Manuel , Trinka Eugen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe management of prolonged seizures (PS) and seizure clusters (SC) is impeded by the lack of international, evidence‐based guidance. We aimed to develop expert recommendations regarding consensus definitions of PS, SC, and treatment goals to prevent progression to higher‐level emergencies such as status epilepticus (SE).MethodsAn expert working group, comprising 12 epileptologists, neurologists, and pharmacologists from Europe and North America, used a modified Delphi consensus methodology to develop and anonymously vote on statements. Consensus was defined as ≥75% voting “Agree”/”Strongly agree.”ResultsAll group members strongly agreed that termination of an ongoing seizure in as short a time as possible is the primary goal of rapid and early seizure termination (REST) and that an ideal medication for REST would start to act within 2 min of administration to terminate ongoing seizure activity. Consensus was reached on the terminology defining PS (with proposed thresholds of 5 min for prolonged focal seizures and 2 min for prolonged absence seizures and the convulsive phase of bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures) and SC (an abnormal increase in seizure frequency compared with the individual patient's usual seizure pattern). All group members strongly agreed or agreed that patients who have experienced a PS should be offered a REST medication, and all patients who have experienced a SC should be offered an acute cluster treatment (ACT). Further, when prescribing a REST medication or ACT, a seizure action plan should be agreed upon in consultation with the patient and caregiver.SignificanceThe expert working group had a high level of agreement on the recommendations for defining and managing PS and SC. These recommendations will complement the existing guidance for the management of acute seizures, with the possibility of treating them earlier to potentially avoid progression to more severe seizures, including SE.
Unsupervised neural networks for Maxwell fluid flow and heat transfer over a curved surface with nonlinear convection and temperature‐dependent properties
Authors: Ganga Sai , Uddin Ziya , Asthana Rishi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMaxwell fluid flow over a curved surface with the impacts of nonlinear convection and radiation, temperature‐dependent properties, and magnetic field are investigated. The governing equations of the physical system are solved using wavelet based physics informed neural network, a machine learning technique. This is an unsupervised method, and the solutions have been obtained without knowing the numerical solution to the problem. Given the nonlinearity of the coupled equations, the methodology used is flexible to implement, and the activation function used improves the accuracy of the solution. We approximate the unknown functions using different neural network models and determine the solution by training the network. The special case of the obtained results is examined with the available results in the literature for validation of the proposed methodology. It is observed that the proposed approach gives reliable results for the analyzed problem of study. Further, an analysis of the influence of flow parameters (deborah number, variable thermal conductivity and viscosity parameter, velocity slip parameter, temperature ratio parameter, suction parameter, and convection parameters) on temperature and fluid flow velocity is carried out. It is observed that as the flow parameter Deborah number, velocity slip parameter, and viscosity parameter increase, there is a decline in velocity and an enhancement in temperature. This study of fluid flow over a curved surface has applications in the polymer industry, which plays an important role in the manufacturing of contact lenses.
Free bus fares, bus use and physical activity: An exploratory cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sharman Melanie J. , Stanesby Oliver , Jose Kim A. , Greaves Stephen , Cleland Verity J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedPublic transport (PT) users often accumulate more physical activity (PA) than private motor vehicle users and financial incentives may increase PT use. Responding to rising petrol prices, from 28 March to 1 May 2022, the Tasmanian government made public bus use fare‐free. This exploratory study examined the perceived impact of fare‐free buses on bus use and PA.MethodsTasmanian adults who had used the fare‐free buses (N = 548) completed an online survey (4 May–14 June 2022). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential methods and responses to open‐ended questions categorised.ResultsOver the fare‐free period, 46% of participants reported more bus use—average weekly bus trips increased from 3.0 to 4.0 (p < 0.001). Most (81%) participants, including 36% (n = 33/93) who were not previous bus users, planned continued bus use despite financial cost. Total PA was reported higher (36%), the same (60%) and lower (4%) than usual during the fare‐free period. Higher total PA was more common amongst those reporting increased bus use (n = 186/240; 78%). Responses to open‐ended questions revealed: bus use‐related PA gain was through walking to/from bus stops, more frequently attending PA settings (e.g., the gym) and unexpected walking due to bus service limitations; household‐level cost savings, improved travel opportunities and better social/mental health were additional fare‐free benefits.Conclusions/So WhatFare‐free buses were commonly perceived to increase bus use and PA. Intervention studies would determine if PA and financially incentivised PT have a causal relationship. Individual‐ and societal‐level health economic analysis of free PT is warranted.
Shaping ability of three instrumentation system in moderately curved canals: A micro‐CT study
Authors: Yanık Deniz , Özel Şelale 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aims to compare the shaping ability of three systems using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). Moderately‐curved mesial canals of 36 mandibular molars were assigned to three groups (n = 24); Protaper Next (PTN, 0.25, 0.06), WaveOne Gold (WOG, 0.25, 0.07), TruNatomy (TRN, 0.25, 0.04), and instrumentation was performed. Pre‐ and post‐micro‐CT scans were obtained. Canal volume and surface, structure model index (SMI), centroid shift, canal transportation, and untouched canal were analyzed. One‐way ANOVA and Student's t‐test were used for statistics. There was no difference in SMI, centroid shift, and centering ability between the study groups (p > .05). Removed dentin and canal surface changes were lower in TRN, while untouched dentin walls were higher (p < .05). Cross‐sections became more rounded (p < .05), but not significant between groups (p > .05). Considering the removed dentin by TRN, it can be used in critical dentin thickness, such as the danger zone (DZ). PTN, WOG, and WOG kept the original canal course similarly. Untouched dentin by TRN (41%) was wider than PTN and WOG, consequently, meticulous irrigation is recommended. TRN, which provides a controlled increase in canal volume, can be used in thin dentin such as the DZ, however, its use should be supported by copious irrigation and brushing considering the rate of untouched dentin walls.Research Highlights
TRN presented a higher untouched dentin wall compared to PTN and WOG.
Canal volume and surface changes were the lowest in the TRN group.
The centering abilities were similar in PTN, WOG, and TRN.