bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drought‐induced mortality affects understory vegetation: release after death
Authors: Suarez M. L. , Sasal Y. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn recent decades, severe droughts have become an important cause of canopy disturbance in forests, and have shown potential to cause rapid and pronounced vegetation shifts. Under dead canopy, undamaged understory could influence the nature of resource limitation for seedling growth and survival, limiting forest regeneration. We assessed the release response of understory vegetation after a severe drought event in temperate forests of northern Patagonia. Growth trends of dominant tree saplings, and changes in vegetation biodiversity and cover were compared between drought‐dead and unaffected canopy. Nothofagus dombeyi undergo growth release after the climatic event in affected forests, and the response was evidenced immediately after the disturbance. For Austrocedrus chilensis, the growth release response was less evident, due mainly to a difference in age structure. In the understory the release response was barely discernable for some components. There was a tendency towards higher cover of the shrub layer in the understory of drought‐affected forests, and an important presence of the exotic shrub Rosa rubiginosa. However, the clearest biotic response following drought mortality was the release in growth of understory dominant tree component. Those results strongly suggest that the environment under drought‐dead canopy, and the die‐off in woody sapling cohorts in a self‐thinning process, could favor crown expansion and growth release of understory species that could help predict future forest trajectories in the context of the influence of climatic extreme events.
Adherence to medication in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and pro re nata dosing of psychostimulants: A systematic review
Authors: Caisley H. , Müller U. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAdherence to a regular medication regimen may be challenging for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Some report taking psychostimulants on a pro re nata (PRN) basis. This review aims to establish the rate of adherence, and reasons for and consequences of non-adherence to medication for ADHD in adults, and to review literature on PRN dosing of psychostimulants in these patients. A systematic literature search was conducted. Four primary research studies have investigated the rate of adherence to medication in adults with ADHD. Mean adherence rate in two studies ranged from 52% to 87%. A number of possible reasons for poor adherence have been suggested. Prospective studies are needed to further define the rate of adherence and causes of poor adherence. Evidence examining whether differences in adherence affect clinical outcomes is equivocal. Therefore, caution should be applied to the assumption that maximising adherence to regular medication regimens will improve clinical outcomes. Two articles acknowledge that patients take medication on a PRN basis. Studies comparing the effectiveness of a regular and PRN regimen of psychostimulants are needed. If PRN dosing is as effective as a regular regimen, advantages might include enhanced doctor-patient communication, reduced side effects and cost savings.
Antihypertensive drug use and the risk of dementia in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Johnson Michael L. , Parikh Niraj , Kunik Mark E. , Schulz Paul E. , Patel Jeetvan G. , Chen Hua , Aparasu Rajender R. , Morgan Robert O. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes and hypertension are independent risk factors for dementia, and hypertension may increase this risk in patients with diabetes. It is unclear whether antihypertensive drugs are associated with risk of dementia in these patients.MethodsA retrospective study using a national cohort of beneficiaries of the Department of Veterans Affairs who have diabetes examined incidence of dementia over a 2‐year follow‐up period. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the unique effects of comorbid hypertension and antihypertensive medications on risk of dementia, after adjusting for several potential confounders.ResultsIn all, 377,838 patients were studied (mean age: 75.53 ± 6.07 years). After adjustments were made for sociodemographic factors, duration of diabetes, comorbidity, and comedications, hypertension was associated with increased risk of developing dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.14). Antihypertensive medications decreased risk, ranging from 24% for angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) to 4% for β‐blockers. In a stratified analysis of patients without hypertension, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (HR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.69, 0.94) and ARBs (HR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.34, 0.88) continued to show protective effects.ConclusionsComorbid hypertension was associated with increased risk of dementia, whereas antihypertensive medications, especially angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and ARBs, were associated with reduced risk, even among patients without hypertension. Consequently, these agents may have potential therapeutic roles in delaying the onset of dementia in patients with diabetes.
The Sin Quyen Cu–Fe–Au–REE deposit (northern Vietnam): composition and formation conditions
Authors: Gas’kov I.V. , Anh Tran Tuan , Hoa Tran Trong , Dung Pham Thi , Nevol’ko P.A. , Can Pham Ngoc 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The Sin Quyen Cu–Fe–Au–REE deposit is localized in the Proterozoic deposits of the Phan Xi Pang zone, northern Vietnam. The mineralization is formed by lenticular and sheet-like bodies occurring concordantly with the host rocks. Seventeen orebodies have been recognized in the deposit, which form an ore horizon up to 140 m in total thickness, about 2 km in strike, and up to 350 m in dip. The ores are of simple mineral composition: Au-rich copper and iron sulfides (chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite) and iron oxides (magnetite, hematite). Gold and silver are distributed unevenly in the ores: Their contents vary from hundredths and tenths of ppm to 1.8 ppm. Copper sulfide ores are the main concentrator of gold and silver. All ores are characterized by high REE contents, tens and hundreds of times exceeding the element clarkes. The highest contents have been revealed for Ce and La. Orthite is the main carrier of REE. No correlation between REE and ore elements of sulfide-oxide ores has been revealed, which points to the independent formation of the mineralization. Orebodies together with the host rocks underwent metamorphism at 500–600 to 630–685 °C and 3–7 kbar. The spatial association of the mineralization with amphibolites (metamorphosed basites) and the mineral composition of ores suggest that the Sin Quyen deposit is of Cyprian volcanogenic type.
The Verkhoyansk–Chukchi area of the recent orogeny: zoning and the main formation stages
Authors: Smirnov V.N. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The Verkhoyansk–Chukchi orogenic area formed on the vast land mass that had appeared as a result of collision in the Early Cretaceous and that had consolidated the Mesozoic protoorogenic structures in northeastern Asia. This heterostructural land mass was the basis on which spatially and structurally coupled orogens developed in the late Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The protoorogenic stages in the evolution of the Verkhoyansk–Chukchi area were followed by several large orogenic stages: Albian–Cenomanian, Eocene, and Pliocene–Quaternary. The Okhotsk–Chukchi volcanic-block and the Yana–Kolyma fold-block orogenic systems formed at stage 1. The Taui–Anadyr continental-margin rift system formed at stage 2. This shaped the structure of the Verkhoyansk–Chukchi area. The internal structure of the orogenic systems formed through the Pliocene–Quaternary (neotectonic) stage, which was dominated by uplifting throughout the Verkhoyansk–Chukchi area. The neotectonic structure was mostly inherited from the previous orogenic stages.
Long-term electromagnetic core–mantle coupling and the Earth’s rotation acceleration in the Mesozoic Era
Authors: Zhang Weijia , Sun Yuanlin , Kelley Neil , Lei Yang , Yu Hangjie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractGrowth lines in the mineralized tissues of living and fossil organisms often exhibit regular patterns that record daily, monthly, or annual cycles. Growth laminations in fossil corals and other marine invertebrates indicate long-term deceleration of the Earth’s rotation, probably largely due to tidal friction, resulting in a decline in the number of days per year over the Earth’s history. Fossils suggest the rate of decline has not been uniform, with the trend between the late Carboniferous and Cretaceous in particular departing from preceding and subsequent periods. However, insufficient data have obscured the nature and cause of the apparent halt in despinning within this time interval. Here we present new fossil geochronometer data that reveal a sustained acceleration in the Earth’s rotation in the early Mesozoic Era, lasting about 90 million years and producing a decrease in the length of day (LOD) at an average rate of about 3 ms/cy. The coincidence of this acceleration with certain geophysical events including the final assembly of Pangaea and a change in the intensity and stability of the geomagnetic field strongly suggests that its cause is rooted in the deep interior of the Earth. A similar explanation has been proposed for observed decadal variations in the Earth’s rotation. Our results suggest large-scale linkage of rotational variation, tectonics, and the geomagnetic field to core–mantle boundary (CMB) dynamics. Furthermore the newly identified acceleration in the Earth’s rotation which began at the end of the Paleozoic, and the geophysical factors that are associated with it, can ultimately bear on the causal mechanisms behind the Permo-Triassic mass extinction.
DBpedia and the live extraction of structured data from Wikipedia
Authors: Morsey Mohamed , Lehmann Jens , Auer Sören , Stadler Claus , Hellmann Sebastian 
Published: April 2012

PurposeDBpedia extracts structured information from Wikipedia, interlinks it with other knowledge bases and freely publishes the results on the web using Linked Data and SPARQL. However, the DBpedia release process is heavyweight and releases are sometimes based on several months old data. DBpedia‐Live solves this problem by providing a live synchronization method based on the update stream of Wikipedia. This paper seeks to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachWikipedia provides DBpedia with a continuous stream of updates, i.e. a stream of articles, which were recently updated. DBpedia‐Live processes that stream on the fly to obtain RDF data and stores the extracted data back to DBpedia. DBpedia‐Live publishes the newly added/deleted triples in files, in order to enable synchronization between the DBpedia endpoint and other DBpedia mirrors.FindingsDuring the realization of DBpedia‐Live the authors learned that it is crucial to process Wikipedia updates in a priority queue. Recently‐updated Wikipedia articles should have the highest priority, over mapping‐changes and unmodified pages. An overall finding is that there are plenty of opportunities arising from the emerging Web of Data for librarians.Practical implicationsDBpedia had and has a great effect on the Web of Data and became a crystallization point for it. Many companies and researchers use DBpedia and its public services to improve their applications and research approaches. The DBpedia‐Live framework improves DBpedia further by timely synchronizing it with Wikipedia, which is relevant for many use cases requiring up‐to‐date information.Originality/valueThe new DBpedia‐Live framework adds new features to the old DBpedia‐Live framework, e.g. abstract extraction, ontology changes, and changesets publication.
Evaluating search engines
Authors: Garoufallou Emmanouel 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe use of search engines is the most widely acceptable way for information foraging on the net. Their wide use as an information retrieval tool has created the need for their evaluation as a means of improving their performance. This research attempts to record Greek librarians' views on search engines: their performance and characteristics.Design/methodology/approachA total of 16 librarians were asked to search for a specific topic using eight search engines; four international (google.com, altavista.com, yahoo.com, exalead.com) and four Greek (google.gr (searching only for Greek text), in.gr, robby.gr, find.gr). Eight questionnaires were completed by each participant; one for every search engine. A total of 128 initial searches were performed by the librarians, followed by 86 further searches with changed search terms. The librarians recorded their experiences in retrieving information and evaluated the first 20 results according to the criteria of precision, relevancy of the retrieved records and the way the results were displayed by each search tool.FindingsAnalysis of the results leads to conclusions about librarians' familiarity with search engines and their views on the retrieved information. The results indicated that participants were satisfied by the presentation, the visualization, the quality and value of results and they were very satisfied with the search engines' interfaces. Thus, most retrieved items were relevant and so the degree of precision was satisfactory. Users preferred mainly international search engines rather than Greek search engines. It was evident that most librarians were very satisfied with the performance of the search engines and felt that their queries had been answered successfully.Originality/valueThe paper presents one of the few studies regarding international and Greek search engines and their use by librarians. The study gathered data with regard to the views of Greek librarians on the use of search engines and their characteristics. In addition, it recorded the attitude of librarians to both the search process and subsequent information retrieval, using Greek and international search engines. It compared different search engines and studied parameters like quality, precision, presentation and value of the search results. This research could form the basis of further study of librarians' behavior in the use of search engines for satisfying their information needs and comparison of information retrieval systems.
Query classification and study of university students' search trends
Authors: Maabreh Majdi A. , Al‐Kabi Mohammed N. , Alsmadi Izzat M. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThis study is an attempt to develop an automatic identification method for Arabic web queries and divide them into several query types using data mining. In addition, it seeks to evaluate the impact of the academic environment on using the internet.Design/methodology/approachThe web log files were collected from one of the higher institute's servers over a one‐month period. A special program was designed and implemented to extract web search queries from these files and also to automatically classify Arabic queries into three query types (i.e. Navigational, Transactional, and Informational queries) based on predefined specifications for each type.FindingsThe results indicate that students are slowly and gradually using the internet for more relevant academic purposes. Tests showed that it is possible to automatically classify Arabic queries based on query terms, with 80.6 per cent to 80.2 per cent accuracy for the two phases of the test respectively. In their future strategies, Jordanian universities should apply methods to encourage university students to use the internet for academic purposes. Web search engines in general and Arabic search engines in particular may benefit from the proposed classification method in order to improve the effectiveness and relevancy of their results in accordance with users' needs.Originality/valueStudying internet web logs has been the subject of many papers. However, the particular domain, and the specific focuses on this research are what can distinguish it from the others.
Theory and research on social issues in organizations
Authors: Lukaszewski Kimberly M. , Stone Dianna L. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe primary purpose of this article is to raise awareness about the need for additional theory and research on social issues in organizations. It also provides an introduction to the Special Issue, and a description of the articles in it.Design/methodology/approachThe article highlights the social challenges facing individuals, organizations, and society in the twenty‐first century. It also suggests that many worldwide challenges have been accompanied by some of the most significant research contributions in applied psychology. As a result, the authors argue that researchers in the field often have unique knowledge and skills that can be applied to solve some of these challenges.FindingsThe article notes that additional theory and research is needed to help alleviate some of the social challenges that organizations and their members face in the twenty‐first century.Research limitations/implicationsThe article offers suggestions for generating new research ideas that can be used to ameliorate the problems facing individuals, organizations and society as a whole.Practical implicationsThe article argues that knowledge in applied psychology can be used to deal with the challenges facing society as a whole.Social implicationsThe article also indicates that research on social issues is needed to address many of the challenges faced in today's world.Originality/valueThe article provides a unique contribution to the literature in applied psychology because it raises awareness of the need for additional theory and research on social issues in organizations.
Communication channel consideration for in‐home services
Authors: van Birgelen Marcel , Dellaert Benedict G.C. , de Ruyter Ko 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to examine communication channels for in‐home service provision. In particular, it aims to focus on the joint effect of two converging trends: the increase of in‐home services involving high degrees of customer participation;and the extension of the number of channels that service firms use to communicate with customers. It seeks to assess which benefits customers desire of communication channels across in‐home service production formats and how these benefit desires determine their communication channel consideration for in‐home services.Design/methodology/approachBased on a literature review a conceptual framework was constructed. Using the association pattern technique (APT), a survey of 383 customers of a Dutch energy company was carried out. The APT enabled the authors to quantify the relationship between participative in‐home service provision situations, desired communication channel benefits, and communication channel consideration.FindingsResults show that customers focus more strongly on functionally‐ and economically‐oriented communication channel benefits in high customer participation service formats. In contrast, socially‐oriented communication channel benefits seem more appropriate when low customer participation in the provision of in‐home services is involved. The match between benefits desired by the customer and benefits provided by a communication channel is identified as a central mechanism behind communication channel consideration for in‐home services. Furthermore, evidence is found for customer heterogeneity in desired communication channel benefits and channel consideration, based on age, education, and past channel usage.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the multichannel knowledge base by hypothesizing and demonstrating how specific benefit desires arise from allowing/requiring customers to participate in in‐home service provision. The study also provides valuable insight into the mechanism behind communication channel consideration by customers during in‐home service provision.
Integrated framework for earthquake consequences management
Authors: Momani Naill M. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThere are several researches which addressed earthquake probabilistic and deterministic risk assessment without linking the decision‐making process in order to implement policies, plans, and procedures to prevent or reduce human and monetary losses. This paper aims to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachThis study suggests an integrated framework for earthquake consequences management. The framework consists of earthquake consequences model, value analysis, and socio‐economic analysis, as well as dynamic integration for implementing strategies, policies, and plans.FindingsThe developed integrated framework for earthquakes consequences management could be used for a study area especially in developing countries in which human and capital resources are limited.Research limitations/implicationsThere is a need to have different case studies to demonstrate how the integrated framework for earthquake consequence management could reduce human and monetary losses due to earthquakes for a study area.Originality/valueIt is important to consider earthquake risks as part of strategic planning for societies that are vulnerable to future earthquakes.
A model to explain a business contingency process
Authors: Lindström John 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a model to explain a business contingency process to senior management and other employees in organizations during education or training on business continuity planning.Design/methodology/approachThe model has been developed and evaluated/tested in three comprehensive cases. Senior management, IT managers and employees in the three case organizations participated in this action research effort during the development, implementation, education or training on business continuity plans and planning.FindingsThe model has been evaluated/tested, and is suitable for explaining what may characterize a business contingency process to senior managements and employees in both public and private sector organizations.Practical implicationsThe model can be used for explaining the issues to senior management and to form the fundament for building a business continuity plan which is part of an organization's IT and information security program. It may also be used to explain what a business contingency process is to other staff in an organization. The model can also be used to model parts of business continuity planning, as a basis for training planning, and as support in different training contexts to achieve individual and organizational learning on business continuity plans and activities.Originality/valueThe model is graphically visualized and the concept can be adapted to any organization.
HR's future in a global setting
Authors: Reilly Peter 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe aim of this article is to argue that human resources (HR) should adjust the role it performs depending on its local environment – what is desirable and achievable.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses the arguments for and against the arrival of a universal culture and whether there exists a best approach to HR management.FindingsThe paper suggests that HR should approach the drive to uniformity of HR policy and practice with caution, rather it should proceed on a case by case basis judging the costs and benefits of harmonization in the light of the particular policy and circumstances.Practical implicationsThe paper makes suggestions as to how HR can adapt that can be applied in practice.Originality/valueThe paper expresses a desire for a more flexible, autonomous HR function.