bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discriminating primary clinical states in bipolar disorder with a comprehensive symptom scale
Authors: Singh V. , Bowden C. L. , Gonzalez J. M. , Thompson P. , Prihoda T. J. , Katz M. M. , Bernardo C. G. 
Published: July 2012

Objective:  We assessed the spectrum and severity of bipolar symptoms that differentiated bipolar disorder (BD) clinical states, employing the Bipolar Inventory of Symptoms Scale (BISS) which provides a broader item range of traditional depression and mania rating scales. We addressed symptoms differentiating mixed states from depression or mania/hypomania.Method:  One hundred and sixteen subjects who met DSM‐IV‐TR criteria for BD and were currently in a depressed, manic/hypomanic, mixed episode, or recovered state were interviewed using the BISS.Results:  A subset of manic items differed between mixed episodes and mania/hypomania or depression. Most anxiety items were more severe in mixed subjects. BISS Depression and Manic subscales differentiated episodes from recovered status. The majority of depression and manic symptoms differentiated mood states in the predicted direction. Mixed episodes had overall greater mood severity than manic/hypomanic episodes or depressed episodes.Conclusion:  These results indicate that a small subset of symptoms, several of which are absent in DSM‐IV‐TR criteria and traditional rating scales for bipolar studies, aid in distinguishing mixed episodes from depressive or manic/hypomanic episodes. The results also support the utility of a comprehensive BD symptom scale in distinguishing primary clinical states of BD.
The Strauss and Carpenter Prognostic Scale in subjects clinically at high risk of psychosis
Authors: Nieman D. H. , Velthorst E. , Becker H. E. , de Haan L. , Dingemans P. M. , Linszen D. H. , Birchwood M. , Patterson P. , Salokangas R. K. R. , Heinimaa M. , Heinz A. , Juckel G. , von Reventlow H. G. , Morrison A. , Schultze‐Lutter F. , Klosterkötter J. , Ruhrmann S. ,   on behalf of the EPOS group
Published: July 2012

Objective:  To investigate the predictive value of the Strauss and Carpenter Prognostic Scale (SCPS) for transition to a first psychotic episode in subjects clinically at high risk (CHR) of psychosis.Method:  Two hundred and forty‐four CHR subjects participating in the European Prediction of Psychosis Study were assessed with the SCPS, an instrument that has been shown to predict outcome in patients with schizophrenia reliably.Results:  At 18‐month follow‐up, 37 participants had made the transition to psychosis. The SCPS total score was predictive of a first psychotic episode (P < 0.0001). SCPS items that remained as independent predictors in the Cox proportional hazard model were as follows: most usual quality of useful work in the past year (P = 0.006), quality of social relations (P = 0.006), presence of thought disorder, delusions or hallucinations in the past year (P = 0.001) and reported severity of subjective distress in past month (P = 0.003).Conclusion:  The SCPS could make a valuable contribution to a more accurate prediction of psychosis in CHR subjects as a second‐step tool. SCPS items assessing quality of useful work and social relations, positive symptoms and subjective distress have predictive value for transition. Further research should focus on investigating whether targeted early interventions directed at the predictive domains may improve outcomes.
Clonal chromosome anomalies affecting FLI1 mimic inherited thrombocytopenia of the Paris‐Trousseau type
Authors: Noris Patrizia , Valli Roberto , Pecci Alessandro , Marletta Cristina , Invernizzi Rosangela , Mare Lydia , Balduini Carlo L. , Maserati Emanuela 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe thrombocytopenia of the Paris‐Trousseau (TCPT) type is a contiguous gene syndrome characterized by mild bleeding tendency, variable thrombocytopenia (THC), abnormal giant alpha‐granules in platelets and dysmegakaryopoiesis: it derives from a constitutional deletion of chromosome 11 leading to the loss of FLI1, a transcription factor involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and maturation.Case reportA women with an acquired, isolated THC developing over 10 yr showed morphological features typical of TCPT in platelets and bone marrow (BM). Twenty years after the onset of THC, the other hematological parameters are still normal and the patient is well.ResultsClonal hemopoiesis was shown and chromosome analyses performed on BM revealed a clone with 45 chromosomes and a complex unbalanced translocation involving chromosomes 2, 3, and 11. The anomaly was present in the majority of bone marrow cells but only in a few peripheral blood elements. A microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization defined the deleted region of chromosome 11 including the FLI1 locus that was missing.ConclusionAlthough our patient presented with nearly all the characteristics of TCPT, her illness was acquired instead of being inherited and the most appropriate diagnosis is that of the unilineage dysplasia ‘refractory THC.' This observation suggests that appropriate cytogenetic investigations should be always considered in patients with acquired THC of unknown origin.
Discerning the Role of Bacteroides fragilis in Celiac Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Sánchez E. , Laparra J. M. , Sanz Y. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTCeliac disease (CD) is associated with intestinal dysbiosis, which can theoretically lead to dysfunctions in host-microbe interactions and contribute to the disease. In the present study, possible differences inBacteroidesspp. and their pathogenic features between CD patients and controls were investigated.Bacteroidesclones (n= 274) were isolated, identified, and screened for the presence of the virulence genes (bftandmpII) coding for metalloproteases. The proteolytic activity of selectedBacteroides fragilisstrains was evaluated by zymography and, after gastrointestinal digestion of gliadin, by high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry. The effects ofB. fragilisstrains on Caco-2 cell culture permeability and inflammatory response to digested gliadin were determined.B. fragiliswas more frequently identified in CD patients than in healthy controls, in contrast toBacteroides ovatus.B. fragilisclones carrying virulence genes coding for metalloproteases were more abundant in CD patients than in controls.B. fragilisstrains, representing the isolated clones and carrying metalloprotease genes, showed gelatinase activity and exerted the strongest adverse effects on the integrity of the Caco-2 cell monolayer. AllB. fragilisstrains also showed gliadin-hydrolyzing activity, and some of them generated immunogenic peptides that preserved or increased inflammatory cytokine production (tumor necrosis factor alpha) and showed increased ability to permeate through Caco-2 cell cultures. These findings suggest that increased abundance ofB. fragilisstrains with metalloprotease activities could play a role in CD pathogenesis, although furtherin vivostudies are required to support this hypothesis.
Evaluation of Near-Infrared Pasteurization in Controlling Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-To-Eat Sliced Ham
Authors: Ha Jae-Won , Ryu Sang-Ryeol , Kang Dong-Hyun 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of near-infrared (NIR) heating to reduce
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium,
Escherichia coli
O157:H7, and
Listeria monocytogenes
in ready-to-eat (RTE) sliced ham compared to conventional convective heating, and the effect of NIR heating on quality was determined by measuring the color and texture change. A cocktail of three pathogens was inoculated on the exposed or protected surfaces of ham slices, followed by NIR or conventional heating at 1.8 kW. NIR heating for 50 s achieved 4.1-, 4.19-, and 3.38-log reductions in surface-inoculated
S.
Typhimurium,
E. coli
O157:H7, and
L. monocytogenes
, respectively, whereas convective heating needed 180 s to attain comparable reductions for each pathogen. There were no statistically significant (
P
> 0.05) differences in reduction between surface- and internally inoculated pathogens at the end of NIR treatment (50 s). However, when treated with conventional convective heating, significant (
P
< 0.05) differences were observed at the final stages of the treatment (150 and 180 s). Color values and texture parameters of NIR-treated (50-s treatment) ham slices were not significantly (
P
> 0.05) different from those of nontreated samples. These results suggest that NIR heating can be applied to control internalized pathogens as well as surface-adhering pathogens in RTE sliced meats without affecting product quality.
Phosphate Starvation Promotes Swarming Motility and Cytotoxicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Bains Manjeet , Fernández Lucía , Hancock Robert E. W. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTWe investigated the transcriptional responses ofPseudomonas aeruginosaunder phosphate-deficient (0.2 mM) conditions compared to phosphate sufficiency (1 mM). This elicited enormous transcriptional changes in genes related to phosphate acquisition, quorum sensing, chemotaxis, toxin secretion, and regulation. This dysregulation also led to increased virulence-associated phenotypes, including swarming motility and cytotoxicity.
Comparative Inactivation of Murine Norovirus, Human Adenovirus, and Human JC Polyomavirus by Chlorine in Seawater
Authors: de Abreu Corrêa Adriana , Carratala Anna , Barardi Celia Regina Monte , Calvo Miquel , Girones Rosina , Bofill-Mas Sílvia 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTViruses excreted by humans affect the commercial and recreational use of coastal water. Shellfish produced in contaminated waters have been linked to many episodes and outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis, as well as other food-borne diseases worldwide. The risk can be reduced by appropriate treatment following harvesting and by depuration. The kinetics of inactivation of murine norovirus 1 and human adenovirus 2 in natural and artificial seawater by free available chlorine was studied by quantifying genomic copies (GC) using quantitative PCR and infectious viral particles (PFU). Human JC polyomavirus Mad4 kinetics were evaluated by quantitative PCR. DNase or RNase were used to eliminate free genomes and assess potential viral infectivity when molecular detection was performed. At 30 min of assay, human adenovirus 2 showed 2.6- and 2.7-log10GC reductions and a 2.3- and 2.4-log10PFU reductions in natural and artificial seawater, respectively, and infectious viral particles were still observed at the end of the assay. When DNase was used prior to the nucleic acid extraction the kinetic of inactivation obtained by quantitative PCR was statistically equivalent to the one observed by infectivity assays. For murine norovirus 1, 2.5, and 3.5-log10GC reductions were observed in natural and artificial seawater, respectively, while no viruses remained infectious after 30 min of contact with chlorine. Regarding JC polyomavirus Mad4, 1.5- and 1.1-log10GC reductions were observed after 30 min of contact time. No infectivity assays were conducted for this virus. The results obtained provide data that might be applicable to seawater used in shellfish depuration.
Characterization of a Novel Microcin That Kills Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and O26
Authors: Eberhart Lauren J. , Deringer James R. , Brayton Kelly A. , Sawant Ashish A. , Besser Thomas E. , Call Douglas R. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

A novel phenotype was recently identified in which specific strains of
Escherichia coli
inhibit competing
E. coli
strains via a mechanism that was designated “proximity-dependent inhibition” (PDI). PDI-expressing (PDI
+
)
E. coli
is known to inhibit susceptible (PDI
−
)
E. coli
strains, including several enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) and enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
E. coli
strains. In this study, every strain from a genetically diverse panel of
E. coli
O157:H7 (
n
= 25) and additional strains of
E. coli
serovar O26 were susceptible to the PDI phenotype. LIVE/DEAD staining was consistent with inhibition by killing of susceptible cells. Comparative genome analysis identified the genetic component of PDI, which is composed of a plasmid-borne (Incl1) operon encoding a putative microcin and associated genes for transport, immunity, and microcin activation. Transfer of the plasmid to a PDI
−
strain resulted in transfer of the phenotype, and deletion of the genes within the operon resulted in loss of the inhibition phenotype. Deletion of chromosomally encoded
tolC
also resulted in loss of the inhibitory phenotype, and this confirmed that the putative microcin is most likely secreted via a type I secretion pathway. Deletion of an unrelated plasmid gene did not affect the PDI phenotype. Quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR demonstrated that microcin expression is correlated with logarithmic-phase growth. The ability to inhibit a diversity of
E. coli
strains indicates that this microcin may influence gut community composition and could be useful for control of important enteric pathogens.
Culture- and Quantitative IS
900
Real-Time PCR-Based Analysis of the Persistence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a Controlled Dairy Cow Farm Environment
Authors: Moravkova M. , Babak V. , Kralova A. , Pavlik I. , Slana I. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to monitor the persistence of
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
in environmental samples taken from a Holstein farm with a long history of clinical paratuberculosis. A herd of 606 head was eradicated, and mechanical cleaning and disinfection with chloramine B with ammonium (4%) was carried out on the farm; in the surrounding areas (on the field and field midden) lime was applied. Environmental samples were collected before and over a period of 24 months after destocking. Only one sample out of 48 (2%) examined on the farm (originating from a waste pit and collected before destocking) was positive for
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
by cultivation on solid medium (Herrold's egg yolk medium). The results using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed that a total of 81% of environmental samples with an average mean
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
cell number of 3.09 × 10
3
were positive for
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
before destocking compared to 43% with an average mean
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
cell number of 5.86 × 10
2
after 24 months.
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
-positive samples were detected in the cattle barn as well as in the calf barn and surrounding areas.
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
was detected from different matrices: floor and instrument scrapings, sediment, or scraping from watering troughs, waste pits, and cobwebs.
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
DNA was also detected in soil and plants collected on the field midden and the field 24 months after destocking. Although the proportion of positive samples decreased from 64% to 23% over time, the numbers of
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
cells were comparable.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Psychrotolerant Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacterium, Sulfuricella denitrificans skB26, and Proteomic Insights into Cold Adaptation
Authors: Watanabe Tomohiro , Kojima Hisaya , Fukui Manabu 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTExcept for several conspicuous cases, very little is known about sulfur oxidizers living in natural freshwater environments.Sulfuricella denitrificansskB26 is a psychrotolerant sulfur oxidizer recently isolated from a freshwater lake as a representative of a new genus in the classBetaproteobacteria. In this study, an approximately 3.2-Mb draft genome sequence of strain skB26 was obtained. In the draft genome, consisting of 23 contigs, a single rRNA operon, 43 tRNA genes, and 3,133 coding sequences were identified. The identified genes include those required for sulfur oxidation, denitrification, and carbon fixation. Comparative proteomic analysis was conducted to assess cold adaptation mechanisms of this organism. From cells grown at 22°C and 5°C, proteins were extracted for analysis by nano-liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. In the cells cultured at 5°C, relative abundances of ribosomal proteins, cold shock proteins, and DEAD/DEAH box RNA helicases were increased in comparison to those at 22°C. These results suggest that maintenance of proper translation is critical for growth under low-temperature conditions, similar to the case for other cold-adapted prokaryotes.
Predicted Protein Subcellular Localization in Dominant Surface Ocean Bacterioplankton
Authors: Luo Haiwei 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Bacteria consume dissolved organic matter (DOM) through hydrolysis, transport and intracellular metabolism, and these activities occur in distinct subcellular localizations. Bacterial protein subcellular localizations for several major marine bacterial groups were predicted using genomic, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data sets following modification of MetaP software for use with partial gene sequences. The most distinct pattern of subcellular localization was found for
Bacteroidetes
, whose genomes were substantially enriched with outer membrane and extracellular proteins but depleted of inner membrane proteins compared with five other taxa (SAR11, Roseobacter,
Synechococcus
,
Prochlorococcus
, oligotrophic marine
Gammaproteobacteria
). When subcellular localization patterns were compared between genes and transcripts, three taxa had expression biased toward proteins localized to cell locations outside of the cytosol (SAR11, Roseobacter, and
Synechococcus
), as expected based on the importance of carbon and nutrient acquisition in an oligotrophic ocean, but two taxa did not (oligotrophic marine
Gammaproteobacteria
and
Bacteroidetes
). Diel variations in the fraction and putative gene functions of transcripts encoding inner membrane and periplasmic proteins compared to cytoplasmic proteins suggest a close coupling of photosynthetic extracellular release and bacterial consumption, providing insights into interactions between phytoplankton, bacteria, and DOM.
Unexpected Specificity of Interspecies Cobamide Transfer from Geobacter spp. to Organohalide-Respiring Dehalococcoides mccartyi Strains
Authors: Yan Jun , Ritalahti Kirsti M. , Wagner Darlene D. , Löffler Frank E. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Dehalococcoides mccartyi
strains conserve energy from reductive dechlorination reactions catalyzed by corrinoid-dependent reductive dehalogenase enzyme systems.
Dehalococcoides
lacks the ability for
de novo
corrinoid synthesis, and pure cultures require the addition of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B
12
) for growth. In contrast,
Geobacter lovleyi
, which dechlorinates tetrachloroethene to
cis
-1,2-dichloroethene (
cis
-DCE), and the nondechlorinating species
Geobacter sulfurreducens
have complete sets of cobamide biosynthesis genes and produced 12.9 ± 2.4 and 24.2 ± 5.8 ng of extracellular cobamide per liter of culture suspension, respectively, during growth with acetate and fumarate in a completely synthetic medium.
G. lovleyi
-
D. mccartyi
strain BAV1 or strain FL2 cocultures provided evidence for interspecies corrinoid transfer, and
cis
-DCE was dechlorinated to vinyl chloride and ethene concomitant with
Dehalococcoides
growth. In contrast, negligible increase in
Dehalococcoides
16S rRNA gene copies and insignificant dechlorination occurred in
G. sulfurreducens
-
D. mccartyi
strain BAV1 or strain FL2 cocultures. Apparently,
G. lovleyi
produces a cobamide that complements
Dehalococcoides
' nutritional requirements, whereas
G. sulfurreducens
does not. Interestingly,
Dehalococcoides
dechlorination activity and growth could be restored in
G. sulfurreducens
-
Dehalococcoides
cocultures by adding 10 μM 5′,6′-dimethylbenzimidazole. Observations made with the
G. sulfurreducens
-
Dehalococcoides
cocultures suggest that the exchange of the lower ligand generated a cobalamin, which supported
Dehalococcoides
activity. These findings have implications for
in situ
bioremediation and suggest that the corrinoid metabolism of
Dehalococcoides
must be understood to faithfully predict, and possibly enhance, reductive dechlorination activities.
Temporal Dynamics and Decay of Putatively Allochthonous and Autochthonous Viral Genotypes in Contrasting Freshwater Lakes
Authors: Hewson Ian , Barbosa Jorge G. , Brown Julia M. , Donelan Ryan P. , Eaglesham James B. , Eggleston Erin M. , LaBarre Brenna A. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

Aquatic viruses play important roles in the biogeochemistry and ecology of lacustrine ecosystems; however, their composition, dynamics, and interactions with viruses of terrestrial origin are less extensively studied. We used a viral shotgun metagenomic approach to elucidate candidate autochthonous (i.e., produced within the lake) and allochthonous (i.e., washed in from other habitats) viral genotypes for a comparative study of their dynamics in lake waters. Based on shotgun metagenomes prepared from catchment soil and freshwater samples from two contrasting lakes (Cayuga Lake and Fayetteville Green Lake), we selected two putatively autochthonous viral genotypes (phycodnaviruses likely infecting algae and cyanomyoviruses likely infecting picocyanobacteria) and two putatively allochthonous viral genotypes (geminiviruses likely infecting terrestrial plants and circoviruses infecting unknown hosts but common in soil libraries) for analysis by genotype-specific quantitative PCR (TaqMan) applied to DNAs from viruses in the viral size fraction of lake plankton, i.e., 0.2 μm > virus > 0.02 μm. The abundance of autochthonous genotypes largely reflected expected host abundance, while the abundance of allochthonous genotypes corresponded with rainfall and storm events in the respective catchments, suggesting that viruses with these genotypes may have been transported to the lake in runoff. The decay rates of allochthonous and autochthonous genotypes, assessed in incubations where all potential hosts were killed, were generally lower (0.13 to 1.50% h
−1
) than those reported for marine virioplankton but similar to those for freshwater virioplankton. Both allochthonous and autochthonous viral genotypes were detected at higher concentrations in subsurface sediments than at the water-sediment interface. Our data indicate that putatively allochthonous viruses are present in lake plankton and sediments, where their temporal dynamics reflect active transport to the lake during hydrological events and then decay once there.