bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of alternate transcripts of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the mouse retina
Authors: Giove Thomas J. , Deshpande Monika M. , Eldred William D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a major signaling molecule in the retina and CNS, with physiological roles in every cell type in the retina. Previous work shows that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is an important source of NO in the vertebrate retina. There are distinct, active alternative transcripts of nNOS observed in many tissues, including testes and brain, that may differ in both localization and enzyme kinetics. The present study characterized nNOS and the NO production from nNOS in the mouse retina in terms of its alternate transcripts, namely, nNOSα, nNOSβ, and nNOSγ. We examined both basal and light‐stimulated NO production as imaged using the NO‐sensitive dye 4‐amino‐5‐methylamino‐2′,7′‐difluorofluorescein diacetate‐FM (DAF‐FM), and we compared the NO production with the immunocytochemical localization of nNOS using antisera that recognize nNOSα/β or nNOSα/β/γ. Western blots suggested the presence of NOSα/γ protein in retina, but not nNOSβ, and we confirmed this at the message level by using a combination of RT‐PCR and quantitative real‐time PCR. Our findings indicated that the primary source of NO in the mammalian retina is nNOSα and that nNOSγ may contribute to NO production as well. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Work–family conflict/facilitation and the role of workplace supports for U.S. Hispanic professionals
Authors: Taylor Barbara L. , DelCampo Robert G. , Blancero Donna Maria 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between work–family conflict/facilitation (WFC/F) and the perception of psychological contract fairness by Hispanic business professionals. In addition, this study examined the effects of WFC/F as a mediator of the relationship between workplace supports and psychological contract fairness. A survey of 1165 Hispanic business professionals, from the United States, contained reports their experience of work‐to‐family conflict and facilitation, perception of the fairness of their psychological contract, and the availability of four types of workplace supports: formal work–family policies, supervisor support, work climate for family, and job characteristics. Results revealed that individuals who experience low conflict and high facilitation in the direction of work‐to‐family are more likely to report their perception of the psychological contract to be fair. Work–family conflict/ facilitation mediated the relationship between the workplace supports and psychological contract fairness for supervisor support, work climate for family, and job characteristics. There was a direct relationship between the availability of formal workplace supports and psychological contract fairness. Implications for theory and practice are also noted. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Work–family balance: Theoretical and empirical advancements
Authors: Brough Paula , Kalliath Thomas 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis special issue showcases papers by five authors who provide insights into the theoretical directions for work–family balance research. The special issue begins with an expert commentary by Westman, Brough, and Kalliath who discuss the often overlooked role of work–family crossover. Second, Powell reviews the culture‐sensitivity of work–family balance theories and advances a cultural framework for consideration. Third, van Steenbergen and Ellemers showcase a longitudinal research design which includes both objective and subjective health indicators. Van Steenbergen and Ellemers demonstrate that employees who experience low conflict and high facilitation between work and family roles are objectively healthier, less absent and better performing employees. Fourth, Taylor, DelCampo and Blancero progress current discussions concerning the impact of organisational climate on work–family balance, with a specific focus on organisational fairness. Finally, Ngo, Foley, and Loi report how family‐friendly work practices (FFWPs) of selected multi‐national corporations in Hong Kong directly influenced organisational performance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A complete daily precipitation database for northeast Spain: reconstruction, quality control, and homogeneity
Authors: Vicente‐Serrano Sergio M. , Beguería Santiago , López‐Moreno Juan I. , García‐Vera Miguel A. , Stepanek Petr 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper reports the procedure used in creating a homogeneous database of daily precipitation in northeast Spain. The source database comprised 3106 daily precipitation observatories, with data ranging from 1901 to 2002. Firstly, a reconstruction of the series was performed. Data from adjacent observatories were combined to provide long temporal coverage. Data gaps were filled using values from the nearest neighbour observatories. A distance threshold was set to avoid the introduction of spurious information in the series. Secondly, the reconstructed series were subjected to a quality control process. Empirical percentiles corresponding to each precipitation observation were compared to the percentiles corresponding to the closest neighbour observatory, and a threshold difference was set to identify questionable extremes. After careful inspection of each case, 0.1% of the data was rejected and replaced with information from the nearest neighbour. Thirdly, the homogeneity of the series was checked using the standard normal homogeneity test. This allowed detection of inconsistencies present in the original database or introduced by the reconstruction process. Four parameters were assessed at a monthly level: amount of precipitation, number of rainy days, daily maxima, and number of days above the 99th percentile. A total of 43% of the series had some periods of inhomogeneity and were discarded. The final database comprised 828 series with varying time coverages. The greatest number of stations existed during the 1990s, but more than 300 series contained information from the 1960s, and 34 series contained a complete record since 1920. Comparisons of the spatial variability of several parameters describing the daily precipitation characteristics were made. The results showed that the final database had improved spatial coherence. The process described here is proposed as a model for developing a standard procedure for the construction of databases of daily climate data. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The large‐scale circulations and summer drought and wetness on the Tibetan plateau
Authors: Bothe Oliver , Fraedrich Klaus , Zhu Xiuhua 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEffects of large‐scale atmospheric circulation and surface temperatures on extreme dryness and wetness on the Tibetan plateau in summer are analysed using ERA‐40 reanalysis and observed precipitation. The extreme cases of drought and wetness can be associated with circulation anomalies in the North Atlantic/European sector and wave trains bridging the Eurasian continent. Drought in Tibet reveals an intense high pressure anomaly over Scandinavia supported by a more south‐west to north‐east orientated North Atlantic stormtrack. This creates wave trains crossing Eurasia which, on their southward ‘great circle route’, reach south‐eastern Asia where they modulate the flow north and east of the Tibetan plateau by an anticyclone–cyclone dipole suppressing moisture supply from the Bay of Bengal.Wetness in Tibet is characterised by a more zonally oriented cross Atlantic stormtrack creating a low pressure anomaly over central Europe and, associated with it, a northward shift of the sub‐tropical westerly and tropical easterly jet; wave trains emerging from the North Atlantic on their equatorward route have now a higher chance to reach the sub‐tropical jet entrance (instead of propagating further south). Then the wave trains are re‐intensified and, passing the Mediterranean–Arabian Sea route to India, interact with the monsoon's western branch to lead to ample moisture supply for Tibet.Surface temperatures give indications for positive (negative) El Niño/Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole episodes occurring in years of extreme and severe dryness (wetness) on the Tibetan plateau. A pronounced cold surface temperature anomaly in the tropical North Atlantic precedes and accompanies drought on the plateau. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Lateglacial and Holocene variation in aeolian sediment flux over the northeastern Tibetan Plateau recorded by laminated sediments of a saline meromictic lake
Authors: Mischke Steffen , Zhang Chengjun , Börner Anko , Herzschuh Ulrike 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPredominantly laminated lake sediments from a saline closed‐basin lake on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau were investigated using a multi‐proxy approach (14C‐accelerator mass spectrometry dating, smear‐slide analysis, loss on ignition, grain size, X‐ray diffraction, elemental concentration, ostracod assemblages, stable isotopes of ostracod shells) to trace the regional environmental and climatic history in the Lateglacial and Holocene. Before about 15 cal. ka BP, small saline water bodies probably filled the basin under unstable cold and harsh environmental conditions. Soon after about 14.9 cal. ka BP, a relatively deep saline lake was established, probably as a result of runoff from melting snow, ice and frozen ground in the lake's catchment. Large changes in flux of aeolian material to the lake were recorded during this initial period of formation of Lake Kuhai. Highest lake levels, a low sediment accumulation rate and less saline conditions were maintained between about 12.8 and 7.1 cal. ka BP when the aeolian influx diminished significantly. After about 7.1 cal. ka BP, the aeolian influx remained at a moderate level apart from a strongly increased dust delivery to the lake between about 6.1 and 5.4 cal. ka BP and a minor short‐lived period of slightly enhanced aeolian influx at about 2.7 cal. ka BP. The strongly enhanced dust input to the lake between 6.1 and 5.4 cal. ka BP represented the largest influx of aeolian material to Lake Kuhai during the entire Holocene. However, evidence for climatic deterioration during this period is not seen at most other palaeoclimate sites on the Tibetan Plateau, but instead a significant increase in aridity has been recorded at numerous sites in the northern foreland of the Tibetan Plateau and on the Chinese Loess Plateau. The large dust input to Lake Kuhai between 6.1 and 5.4 cal. ka BP probably did not result from a severe climate deterioration on the Tibetan Plateau itself, but from the pronounced aridity in its northern and eastern foreland. In contrast, the increase in dust influx about 2.7 cal. ka BP seems to correspond to a brief warming spell recorded at other sites on the Tibetan Plateau too. A slight increase in lake level and decrease in salinity after about 0.6 cal. ka BP suggests a slightly higher effective moisture during the final lake stage, accompanied by a somewhat larger dust influx. This apparent contradiction possibly results from enhanced human activities on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during the last 600 years. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IR/Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations of cyclic di‐amino acid peptides. Part III: comparison of solid state and solution structures of cyclo(L‐Ser‐L‐Ser)
Authors: Mendham Andrew P. , Dines Trevor J. , Snowden M. J. , Withnall Robert , Chowdhry Babur Z. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractB3‐LYP/cc‐pVDZ calculations of the gas‐phase structure and vibrational spectra of the isolated molecule cyclo(L‐Ser‐L‐Ser), a cyclic di‐amino acid peptide (CDAP), were carried out by assuming C2 symmetry. It is predicted that the minimum‐energy structure is a boat conformation for the diketopiperazine (DKP) ring with both L‐seryl side chains being folded slightly above the ring. An additional structure of higher energy (15.16 kJ mol−1) has been calculated for a DKP ring with a planar geometry, although in this case two fundamental vibrations have been calculated with imaginary wavenumbers. The reported X‐ray crystallographic structure of cyclo(L‐Ser‐L‐Ser), shows that the DKP ring displays a near‐planar conformation, with both the two L‐seryl side chains being folded above the ring. It is hypothesized that the crystal packing forces constrain the DKP ring in a planar conformation and it is probable that the lower energy boat conformation may prevail in the aqueous environment. Raman scattering and Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra of solid state and aqueous solution samples of cyclo(L‐Ser‐L‐Ser) are reported and discussed. Vibrational band assignments have been made on the basis of comparisons with the calculated vibrational spectra and band wavenumber shifts upon deuteration of labile protons. The experimental Raman and IR results for solid‐state samples show characteristic amide I vibrations which are split (Raman: 1661 and 1687 cm−1, IR: 1666 and 1680 cm−1), possibly due to interactions between molecules in a crystallographic unit cell. The cis amide I band is differentiated by its deuterium shift of ∼30 cm−1, which is larger than that previously reported for trans amide I deuterium shifts. A cis amide II mode has been assigned to a Raman band located at 1520 cm−1. The occurrence of this cis amide II mode at a wavenumber above 1500 cm−1 concurs with results of previously examined CDAP molecules with low molecular weight substituents on the Cα atoms, and is also indicative of a relatively unstrained DKP ring. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of hydrogen bond modes in polarized Raman spectra of single crystals of α‐oxalic acid dihydrate
Authors: Mohaček‐Grošev Vlasta , Grdadolnik Jože , Stare Jernej , Hadži Dušan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPolarized Raman spectra of single crystals of the α‐polymorphs of protonated and deuterated oxalic acid dihydrate were recorded. The interpretation of the spectra is assisted by periodic DFT calculations using the CRYSTAL06 program and by comparison with the infrared spectra of the polycrystalline material. The agreement between the calculated and observed band wavenumbers is fair in the case of low‐anharmonicity modes, but marked differences appear for the stretching modes that are strongly anharmonic. A very broad feature, extending between ∼2000 and 1200 cm−1, is attributed to OH stretching. Notable is the topping of this feature by distinct bands that can be attributed to CO stretching, H2O scissoring and COH bending coupled to CO stretching. The assignments are supported by isotope effects. However, deuteration does not notably affect the wavenumber limits of the broad OH stretching band, which suggests that the potential governing the proton dynamics is of the asymmetric double‐minimum type with a very low barrier. The calculated normal coordinates show a strong participation of the bending modes of water molecules in almost all internal acid motions, as well as in the external phonons. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The analysis of pH‐dependent protonated conformers of 1‐hydroxyethylidene‐1,1‐diphosphonic acid by means of FT‐Raman spectroscopy, multivariate curve resolution and DFT modelling
Authors: Barnard Werner , Paul Sylvia O. , van Rooyen Petrus H. , Cukrowski Ignacy 
Published: May 2009

Abstract1‐Hydroxyethylidene‐1,1‐diphosphonic acid (HEDP) solutions in the pH range 0.98–13.00 were analysed using FT‐Raman spectroscopy and 31P and 23Na NMR spectroscopy. Vibrational bands for different protonated species were observed in the Raman spectra, whereas only a single NMR signal that shifted with pH was observed for all samples over the entire pH range. No significant shift in the 23Na NMR signal was observed, confirming that formation of Na+(aq) complexes did not take place; hence, no interference with the different protonated forms of HEDP occurred. Vibrational bands were assigned using density functional theory(DFT)‐calculated spectra of the most likely conformers in solution. Multivariate curve resolution was performed on the Raman spectra in the region containing the PO stretching vibrations to determine the number of protonated species formed over the entire pH range. Chemometric analysis compares very favourably with the experimental species distribution diagram which was generated using the reported log KH values. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The association between MIF‐173 G>C polymorphism and prostate cancer in southern Chinese
Authors: Ding G.X. , Zhou S.Q. , Xu Z. , Feng N.H. , Song N.H. , Wang X.J. , Yang J. , Zhang W. , Wu H.F. , Hua L.X. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAccumulating epidemiological and molecular evidence suggests that inflammation is an important component in the etiology of PCa. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays an important role in the pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory response to infection. This study is aimed at investigating the potential association between MIF‐173 G>C polymorphism, Gleason score, clinical stage, and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) value with respect to PCa incidence among the Han nationality in Southern China.MethodsGenotyping was performed by using tetraprimer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on 259 PCa patients and 301 cancer‐free controls.ResultsWe found that the MIF‐173*C variant allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of PCa [adjusted odd ratio (OR) = 2.99, 95% confident interval (CI): 1.94–4.60] and higher Gleason scores from the PCa subjects (adjusted OR = 10.72, 95% CI: 5.35–21.49). In addition, we noted that the MIF −173*C variant allele was related to higher clinical stages and PSA values in PCa patients (adjusted OR = 15.68, 95% CI: 7.40–33.23; adjusted OR = 4.37, 95% CI: 2.41–7.92, respectively).ConclusionOur data suggest that MIF‐173 polymorphisms may be associated with a higher incidence of prostate cancer compared to controls, and appears to be associated with higher Gleason scores, higher clinical stages, and PSA values in those with prostate cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:106–110. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complement of peritumoral and subareolar injection in breast cancer sentinel lymph node biopsy
Authors: Noguchi Masakuni , Inokuchi Masashi , Zen Yo 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal site for injection of mapping tracers is controversial in sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for breast cancer. We evaluated whether a combination of peritumoral (PT) injection and subareolar (SA) injection can improve the identification rate of SLN biopsy and decrease the false‐negative rate.MethodsTwo hundred one patients underwent SLN biopsy with PT injection of radioisotope and SA injection of blue dye.ResultsThe overall identification rate for blue and/or hot lymph nodes was 99.5%; the identification rate of blue‐dyed lymph nodes was 98.0% and that of hot lymph nodes was 97.0%. However, no concordance between the hot node and the blue node was found in 17 patients (8.5%). Among SLN‐positive 51 patients, 4 patients had blue‐only positive SLN and 7 had hot‐only positive SLN. Consequently, the false‐negative rates were at least 7.8% for PT injection and 13.7% for SA injection, while axillary lymph node dissection was not performed in SLN‐negative patients. However, a combination of both injections significantly decreased the false‐negative rate.ConclusionsThe success of SLN mapping is optimized not only by using dye and isotope in combination but also by using PT and SA injections in combination. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:100–105. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grafting of silica with sulfobetaine polymers via aqueous reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and its use as a stationary phase in HILIC
Authors: Wikberg Erika , Verhage Jeroen J. , Viklund Camilla , Irgum Knut 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPorous silica particles of 3 μm diameter and 100 Å nominal pore size were first activated for vinylic polymerization by functionalization with 3‐methacryloyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MAPTMS) and thereafter dressed with zwitterionic grafts of the sulfoalkylbetaine type in the “grafting through” fashion by polymerizing 3‐(2‐(N‐methacryloyloxyethyl)‐N,N‐dimethylammonio)propane sulfonate (SPE), using either free radical polymerization or controlled reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). Particles polymerized using RAFT had a lower overall coating which seemed to be more evenly distributed in the pore volume. Both approaches resulted in columns with similar separation properties in HILIC mode.
BSA‐imprinted synthetic receptor for reversible template recognition
Authors: Wang Huafang , He Yunhua , He Xiwen , Li Wenyou , Chen Langxing , Zhang Yukui 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA novel approach to the manufacturing of protein‐responsive imprints on a home‐made chitosan substrate was established together with m‐aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) as a functional monomer. The produced polymers were characterized using both (1) equilibrium adsorption assays and (2) high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Results confirmed that the synthesized BSA‐MIP (molecularly imprinted polymer) has a high affinity towards its template compared to the determined control proteins. The produced BSA‐MIP featured largely in its good adsorption reversibility, especially in competitive binding assays, which is of great biological significance in separations. Non‐specific binding was reduced to almost zero in a BSA/BHb competitive binding event. An excellent HPLC profile of template recognition was found for BSA‐MIP, even under harsh mobile phase conditions. In the present work, the adopted trapped‐template‐release method permits recovery of bound BSA [1]. The strategy of making an artificial protein‐receptor with high adsorption affinity and reversibility is promising in on‐line isolation of target protein from complicated biological environments.
Preparative isolation and purification of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Qiu Fan , Luo Jianguang , Yao Shun , Ma Li , Kong Lingyi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHigh‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC) was applied to the preparative isolation and purification of peonidin 3‐O‐(6‐O‐(E)‐caffeoyl‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside)‐5‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside (1), cyanidin 3‐O‐(6‐O‐p‐coumaroyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2), peonidin 3‐O‐(2‐O‐(6‐O‐(E)‐caffeoyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐6‐O‐(E)‐caffeoyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside)‐5‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (3), peonidin 3‐O‐(2‐O‐(6‐O‐(E)‐feruloyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐6‐O‐(E)‐caffeoyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside)‐5‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (4) from purple sweet potato. Separation of crude extracts (200 mg) from the roots of purple sweet potato using methyl tert‐butyl ether/n‐butanol/acetonitrile/water/trifluoroacetic acid (1:4:1:5:0.01, v/v) as the two‐phase solvent system yielded 1 (15 mg), 2 (7 mg), 3 (10 mg), and 4 (12 mg). The purities of 1–4 were 95.5%, 95.0%, 97.8%, and 96.3%, respectively, as determined by HPLC. Compound 2 was isolated from purple sweet potato for the first time. The chemical structures of these components were identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESI‐MSn.