bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the early diagnosis of uveitis toxoplasma using only western blot
Authors: BECCAT S , WALLON M , SEVE P , PEYRON F , KODJIKIAN L 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The aim of this study is to evaluate which methods, between the Goldmann‐Witmer coefficient (GWC) and immunoblotting (IB), in aqueous humor samples, can be sufficient, associated with clinical findings, to diagnosis ocular toxoplasmosis, in running practice, especially in the first three weeks.Methods Ocular Toxoplasmosis (OT) is one of the most frequent causes of posterior uveitis. The diagnosis of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis is based upon ophthalmoscopic findings and can often allow the clinician to start specific treatment when needed. But in most cases, laboratory tests are required to confirm the etiology, especially when other diseases are suspected and cannot be ruled out by the lonely clinical findings. Thirty patients with ocular toxoplasmosis and 36 patients with other ocular inflammatory diseases were analyzed by these two methods.Results The GWC was significant (GWC > 3) in 57.9% patients presenting OT. IB was positive in 85.3% of samples. The combination of these two methods increases the sensitivity to 89.2%. Based upon the interval between symptom onset and paracentesis, IB has a greater sensitivity than GWC when sample of aqueous humor (AH) was taken in the first three weeks (78.6% verus 35.7%).Conclusion IB seems to be more useful than the GWC if only one of these methods can be perform and especially in the first three weeks. On top of that, IB is easier to perform and require a smaller sample.
Serratamolide as a novel hemolytic factor produced by Serratia marcescens
Authors: SHANKS RM , STELLA N , LAHR R , WANG S , KOWALSKI R , LIU X 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The Serratia marcescens bacterium causes vision‐threatening keratitis, life‐threatening hospital acquired infections and contaminates contact lens cases. The goal of this study was to identify a hemolytic factor produced by keratitis isolates and laboratory strains of S. marcescens.Methods Hemolysis was measured using sheep and mouse erythrocytes. S. marcescens was mutated with a mariner transposon. Hemolysin defective mutants were isolated on blood agar plates. Transposon insertion sites were mapped by marker rescue and sequencing. Complementation analysis was performed with plasmids. Serratamolide was extracted with ethyl acetate and purified by preparative HPLC and verified as pure with high‐resolution mass spectroscopy (HR‐MS) and 1H NMR analysis. Cytotoxicity to human airway and ocular epithelial cells was performed using Alamar Blue viability dye. The presence of swrW in ocular isolates was determined using PCR.Results Mutation of the swrW gene conferred a hemolysis defect that was complemented by the wild‐type swrW gene on a plasmid. The SwrW protein catalyzes production of the cyclic lipopeptide serratamolide. Purified serratamolide was hemolytic to mammalian erythrocytes, and cytotoxic to human airway and ocular cells in vitro. The swrW gene was found in the majority of contact‐lens associated keratitis isolates.Conclusion Serratamolide is a novel hemolysin produced by S. marcescens ocular isolates and may contribute to the ability of contact lens associated bacteria to cause infections.
Ocular granuloma, uveitis and X‐linked chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: KURUN S , ANGIOI K , LOCATELLI A , TERRADA C , BODAGHI B 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To report 2 cases of ocular inflammation in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).Methods A 2‐year old boy was referred for red right eye and fever lasting for one month. A granuloma developed in the anterior chamber of his right eye. A CGD was suspected and the X‐chromosom analysis confirmed a mutation in the gp 91 phox (the b subunit of cytochrome b558). Steroids were associated with antifungals and antibiotics and the granuloma disappeared rapidly. The other caseis about a 22‐year‐old womanknown to be a carrier for X‐linked cytochrome b558‐negative CGD. She presented with a red painful right eye. Slit‐lamp examination revealed a nodular scleritisand, funduscopy disclosed chorioretinal granuloma in nasal periphery (RE). A white active but asymptomatic chorioretinal lesion on the temporal part of posterior pole and perivascular retinal scars were found (LE).She was successfully treated with oral prednisone.Results CGD is a rare inherited disorder of phagocytic cells leading to recurrent life‐threatening bacterial and fungal infections, caused by a defect in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. The most common molecular defect is a mutation in the cytochrome B, b subunit gene located on the X chromosome encoding for gp91. The most frequent ocular manifestations are juxta vascular chorioretinal lesions, keratitis and conjunctivitis. Current therapy for CGD is based on antimicrobial prophylaxis, early and aggressive treatment of infections.Conclusion Ophthalmologists must be aware of the different ocular localisations in CDG that may be the presenting symptoms.
Iritis and angle closure glaucoma caused by caterpillar hairs
Authors: BLASETTI F , TARALLO S , DORE S , PINNA A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To report on a child presenting with iritis and angle closure glaucoma caused by caterpillar hairs.Methods A 12‐year‐old girl complained of sudden pain and visual loss in her left eye while she was playing in a pinewood. Two hours later, she developed maculo‐papular rash on her limbs. On examination, left visual acuity was 1/10. The affected eye showed conjunctival hyperemia, corneal edema, anterior chamber flare (4+ cells). Corneal staining with fluorescein disclosed diffuse superficial punctate keratopathy. Left IOP was 55 mm Hg. Visante OCT of the affected eye showed a thin, translucent, linear foreign body into the cornea and anterior chamber up to the irido‐corneal angle. Topical steroids, antibiotics, cycloplegics, hypotensive eyedrops, and intravenous mannitol were given.Results Inspection of the place where the girl was playing revealed the presence of numerous processionary pine caterpillars. On the basis of this finding and the clinical data, a diagnosis of iritis and angle closure glaucoma caused by caterpillar hairs was made. After 3 days’ treatment, corneal edema and anterior chamber inflammation resolved, IOP returned to normal, and visual acuity was 10/10 again. However, a small iris cyst was still visible on OCT scans.Conclusion Ocular lesions caused by caterpillar hairs are uncommon. Ophthalmologists should be aware that intense iritis with angle closure glaucoma may be the result of the penetration of caterpillar hairs into the eye. OCT scans may be important to confirm the diagnosis.
Uveitis and ocular wall granulomas associated with brimonidine treatment
Authors: LABALETTE P , MAURAGE CA 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Anterior granulomatous uveitis has been recently reported as a side effect of chronic topical use of brimonidine tartrate. Clinical features of eight patients with brimonidine induced uveitis and ocular wall granulomas are here described.Methods Medical history, ocular features, progress of events, pathological aspect, and clinical evolution of all patients were analyzed. For each patient, the search of systemic sarcoidosis was performed including angiotensin converting enzyme dosage, chest computed tomography and accessory salivary gland biopsy.Results Three women and five men with a mean age of 68 years (varying from 50 to 83 year‐old). All patients presented with glaucoma and two patients had a previous history of unilateral uveitis before treatment with brimonidine. Two patients receiving unilateral treatment had unilateral disease whereas patients receiving bilateral treatment had bilateral disease. At the time of diagnosis, the mean duration of treatment with brimonidine was 18.5 months. Epithelioid granulomatous lesions infiltrated conjunctiva and/or episclera. Remission was obtained after a 4 to 6 weeks of withdrawal. Uveitis and ocular surface inflammation flared up when treatment was tapered. Unfortunately, brimonidine was later reintroduced in one patient and diffuse granulomatous lesions recurredConclusion Brimonidine associated uveitis arises after sustained treatment in susceptible patients. Coexisting granulomatous anterior uveitis and ocular wall granulomas in patient treated by brimonidine eyedrops should evoke a drug induced disease. Treatment withdrawal leads to resolution of added inflammation with return to the basal state. Reexposure to brimonidine induce recurrence of uveitis after several months of exposure.
Protective effects of Crepidiastrum denticulatum on oxidative stress‐induced retinal degeneration
Authors: JUNG SH , AHN HR , LEE HJ , KIM CY , KANG KD , NHO CW 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose This study was to determine whether Crepidiastrum denticulatum, is effective at blunting the negative influence of 1‐buthionine‐(S,R)‐sulfoximine (BSO, 0.5 mM) plus glutamate (10 mM) in transformed retinal ganglion cells (RGC‐5) and of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) to the rat retina.Methods RGC‐5 cells in culture were given negative insult such as BSO plus glutamate for 24 hours, after which cell survival were tested. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantification was performed by 2΄,7΄‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and dihydroethidium. Apoptotic cell death was measured by propidium iodide (PI)/Hoechst 33342 double staining and western blot analysis. NMDA‐induced retinal damage in vivo was tested by hematoxylin‐eosin staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labelling (TUNEL) staining. The lipid peroxidation was tested by amount of formation for thiobarbituric acid reactive species.Results The ethanol extract of C. denticulatum (EECD) significantly attenuated RGC‐5 cells death caused by BSO plus glutamate. Treatment of the RGC‐5 cells with EECD reduced the ROS caused by various radical species such as H2O2, OH• or O2•‐. The up (cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase‐3) and down (Bcl‐2) regulations of apoptotic proteins caused by BSO plus glutamate were significantly blunted by EECD. EECD protected the negative influence of NMDA on the retinas of rats of the thinning of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and of the increased TUNEL in positive ganglion cells in the ganglion cell layer. Chlorogenic acid and 3,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid were found to be major components of EECD.Conclusion EECD could be promoted as a potential neuroprotective agent for glaucoma against oxidative stress.
Effects of low intensity ultrasound (LIUS) on the macular degeneration model in vitro
Authors: KIM NK , KIM CY , CHOI MJ , RHO S , PARK S , CHOI BH 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is compose of monolayer of tightly connected pigmented cells and supports the function of the normal vision function. Structural deformation and/or inflammation in RPE are commonly accompanied with and in many cases severely aggravate macular degeneration. We have reported previously low‐intensity ultrasound (LIUS) of less than 1 mW/cm^2 shows cyto‐protective and anti‐inflammatory effects on chondrocytes and cartilage tissue under pathologic environments. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of LIUS on RPE cells in macular degeneration models in vitro.Methods ARPE‐19 cells were grown on a plastic dish or permeable transwell inserts and were treated with various damaging agents such as PlGF (an agonist of VEGF receptor), NaCN and H2O2. Then, cells were untreated or treated with varying intensities of LIUS with a maximum of 200 mW/cm^2 once for 20 min a day. Viability of cells was examined with Wst‐1 and TUNEL assays. Permeability of the cell monolayer on transwell membrane was tested by trans‐epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) system. JC‐1 staining was also performed to measure mitochondrial activity in cells.Results Cell damaging agents increased cell death and permeability of cell monolayer in a dose‐dependent dose manner. LIUS treatment significantly reduced both of the cell death and permeability. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential were also decreased by LIUS.Conclusion This study demonstrated that LIUS inhibits cell death of ARPE‐19 by various pathologic stresses, thereby might be a promising treatment for RPE under macular degeneration.
Hypoxia stimulates the synthesis and release of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) in RPE cells
Authors: ARJAMAA O , AALTONEN V 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Blood flow and oxygen availability of the retina are modulated by locally produced peptides that also can change the function of neurons. The natriuretic peptide system has been isolated and characterized in human retina and these peptides localize in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. A high concentration of natriuretic peptides has been previously measured from the vitreous of patients suffering of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). However, the stimulus to which the natriuretic peptide system responds in PDR has remained unknown. We hypothesized that hypoxic conditions will increase the synthesis and release of Brain Natriutretic peptide (BNP) from human RPE cell culture.Methods Human RPE cell were exposed to hypoxia for several hours. Samples were collected at time intervals and analyzed for BNP peptide and for BNP mRNA. A simultaneous measurement of VEGF served as a positive control.Results In hypoxic conditions RPE cells secreted statistically significant amounts of BNP.Conclusion These findings characterize for the first time a stimulus for the natriuretic peptide system in the retina and explain previous clinical findings. Thus, the measurement of natriuretic peptides from the vitreous may guide the treatment of the intraocular diseases in which the retina is suffering from hypoxia.
Flicker‐induced retinal vasodilatation is not dependent on complement factor H polymorphism in healthy young subjects
Authors: NAPORA KJ , TOLD R , PALKOVITS S , KAYA S , BOLTZ A , SCHMIDL D , WERKMEISTER R , GARHöFER G , SCHMETTERER L 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose We have previously shown that choroidal blood flow regulation in healthy subjects is abnormal in carriers of the CC allele at rs1061170, a complement factor H polymorphism that is closely related to the risk of age‐related macular degeneration. This is compatible with data in complement factor H deficient mice showing abnormal choroidal and retinal vasculature associated with endothelial damage. In the present study we hypothesized that the carriers of CC at rs1061170, which have an increased risk of AMD, already show abnormal retinal blood flow regulation at ages below 35 years.Methods A total of 99 healthy subjects (aged between 19 and 35 years) were included in this study. Flicker‐induced retinal vasodilatation was investigated in arteries and veins using the dynamic vessel analyzer (DVA) and genotyping at rs1061170 was performed.Results Out of the 99 subjects 18 were homocygous for the CC allele, 50 were homocygous for the TT allele and 31 subjects were heterocygous. The response in retinal arteries (p=0.376) and retinal veins (p=0.617) to flicker stimulation was similar between the three studied groups. In addition, the baseline diameters of retinal arteries (p=0.619) and veins (p=0.471) was also comparable between the groups.Conclusion Our data indicate that healthy young carriers of the CC allele at rs1061170 do not show abnormal flicker‐induced vasodilatation in the retina. This is in contrast to our previous results in the choroid, where these individuals have abnormal blood flow regulation. Whether this is due to the differences in vasculature or the difference in the stimulus is unclear.
How much flicker is enough?
Authors: HEITMAR R , SUMMERS RJ 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To assess the impact of flicker length on retinal vessel dilation.Methods Seven healthy individuals underwent manual shygmomanometry, non‐contact tonometry (Keeler Pulsair, UK) and dynamic retinal diameter measurements using the retinal vessel analyser (ImedosSystems, Germnay). In order to evaluate the influence of flicker length on vessel dilation each subject was measured with 5 protocols of varying flicker length. Protocols consisted all of 50 second baseline measurements followed by 3 cycles of either 5 sec, 7 sec, 10 sec or 20 sec flicker provocation and 80 second recovery, whereas the fifth protocol consisted of 50 sec baseline, 50 sec flicker provocation and 120 sec recovery (single cycle). All protocols were administered on the same day but in random order with a minimum of 5‐10 minutes recovery between protocols.Results Most of the flicker induced dilation (~85%) is reached within the first 7 to 10sec post provocation start independent of flicker length. Any additional flicker provocation does not significantly increase arterial dilation (ANOVA p>0.05). However, venous dilation does increase with increasing flicker lengths but at a slower rate compared to the initial ten seconds.Conclusion Through administering the different protocols it becomes apparent that the vessel dilation due to flicker light provocation is a two stage process: the first being the immediate reaction to accommodate increased metabolic demand and the second being the maintenance reaction to address prolonged demand. This two stage process could be useful in assessing patients with various ocular and systemic vascular insufficiencies and potentially be a more useful marker than the absolute dilatory response.
The influence of age on retinal vessel oxygenation
Authors: HEITMAR R , CUBBIDGE R 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To validate weather regional differences in retinal vessel oxygenation depend on age.Methods Fifty three healthy individuals (age range 19‐61 years; mean age 35 (SD 11) years) underwent manual sphygmomanometry, non‐contact tonometry (Keeler Pulsair, UK) and retinal vessel oxygen saturation measurements using dual wavelength oximetry (ImedosSystems, Germany). In order to analyse regional saturation differences, all vessels were grouped according to their location into major superior and inferior artery and vein as well as into macula and peripheral feeders (MF and PF respectively for arteries) and macula and peripheral drainers (MD and MF respectively for veins).Results Multiple regression analysis revealed no influence of age, blood pressure (SBP: 116 (13)mmHg, DBP:73 (11)mmHg) and intraocular pressure (12 (3)mmHg) upon arterial and venous oxygen saturation measurements (p>0.05). Superior and inferior MF, PF, MD and PD were comparable (MF: 97 (9)% and 97 (8)%, p=0.955; PF: 92 (11)% and 91 (9)%, p=0.607; MD: 87 (14)% and 85 (13)%, p=0.594; PD: 61 (14)% and 58 (16)%, p=0.381). MF and PF were significantly different in the superior and inferior retina (p=0.006 and p=0.0002) as were MD compared to PD (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001).Conclusion Regional variations in oxygen saturation of retinal arterioles and venules are independent of age, blood pressure and intraocular pressure.
Correcting influence of arsenic mineral water on structural characteristic of the retina of rat eyes in model chronic immobilization‐emotional stress
Authors: GUSHCHA S , NASIBULLIN BA , YAROSHENKO NA , ZOLOTARYOVA TA 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To study influence arsenic mineral water (AMW) on possible structural variations in retina to rat eyes with model of chronic immobilization‐emotional stress (CIES), strengthened by situational factors.Methods Experience has realized on 30 white rat‐males which were divided into three groups: І – control group (10 rats). ІІ group — comparison group — 10 rats with model of CIES. ІІІ group — experimental group — 10 rats with model of CIES which had an easy access to drinking AMW.Results Model of CIES at rats is accompanied with change of a retina of an eye which appear in stretching and non‐uniformity of cells in ganglionary layer; the centers of merge internal and external mesh layers. Vessels a part spasmed, are expanded by a part. The described variations appear for 15 day of supervision, become expressed and diffusive for 30 day.Conclusion At rats with model of CIES had an easy access to drinking AMW, the picture of change in eye retina conforms to the above‐stated description of results of experience of 15 day.
Galenic and analytic development of Tacrolimus 0.06% eye drops
Authors: GAUTHIER AS , RIVAL B , SAHLER J , FAGNONI‐LEGAT C , GUILLAUME YVES , LIMAT S , DELBOSC B 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The administration of topical tacrolimus (FK506) eye drops or ointment is used in treating corneal immune pathologies and in the prevention of the high‐risk corneal graft rejection. The purpose of this study is to develop a new well‐tolerated formulation of tacrolimus 0,06% eye drops. Procedure and the preparation are presented and discussed.Methods Tacrolimus monohydrate powder and virgin castor oil are used in this new formulation. The manufacturing process guarantees the product sterility. Analytical validation of the assay by high‐performance liquid chromatography allows precise control of the concentration of tacrolimus.Results The manufacturing and packaging of these eye drops provide good product stability. The concentration of tacrolimus 0.06% was maintained for 28 days, and no mycological or bacteriological contamination was found. Eye drop can be conserved close and exposed to the light during three months after production.Conclusion Tolerance studies are currently being carried out.
Effects of Irifrin 2,5% on the disturbances pupillary‐accommodative system in patients
Authors: BUSHUYEVA N , MALIEVA O 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The disturbances of pupillary‐accommodative system in раtients include astenopia, decreasing of visual acuity, headache. The aim of the study was to conduct investigation of direct and consensual pupillary reactions on the flashlight, accommodative‐convergence reaction on a fixed object with the help of elaborated pupillography device before and after instillation of Irifrin 2,5% in both eyesMethods Irifrin 2,5% was applied for diagnoses and treatment of pupillary‐ accommodative system disturbances in 34 раtients aged 7–13 with myopia and hypermetropia. Vision acuity, reserves of accommodation, autorefractometry, pupillography of direct, consensual, pupillary‐ accommodative reactions before and after instillation of Irifrin 2,5% in both eyes were studied. Balance of autonomic nervous system was appreciated by Cerdo index: positive (+) means the prevalence of simpatic; negative (‐) means the prevalence of parasimpatic. It was estimated by following formula: Cerdo index = (1‐D/P)  100 D – diastolic blood pressure; P – number of heart systoles per min; For treatment one drop of Irifrin 2,5% was used once before sleeping in the both eyes during one month.Results Irifrin 2,5% was effective for treatment in all patients with disturbances of accommodation, who had sympathycotonic autonomic balance. During one month after treatment visual acuity increased and normal pupillary‐ accommodative reactions normalized, astenopia and headache disappeared.Conclusion Irifrin 2,5% was effective for diagnoses and treatment of pupillary‐ accommodative system disturbances in раtients. Irifrin 2,5% instillations is recommended for treatment 3‐4 times a year.