bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions for treating traumatized necrotic immature permanent anterior teeth: inducing a calcific barrier & root strengthening
Authors: Al Ansary Mohammad A. D. , Day Peter F. , Duggal Monty S. , Brunton Paul A. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract –  Background:  Apical barrier formation and root strengthening procedures have been extensively described in the literature. This systematic review attempts to establish where the effects of interventions using multi‐visit apexification, single visit apical plug techniques and root strengthening procedures are consistent and where they may vary significantly.Objectives:  To evaluate the relative effectiveness of apexification and apical plug techniques as well as root strengthening procedures for treating traumatized necrotic immature permanent anterior teeth through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Reported immediate and/or long‐term adverse events and effects of the materials and techniques are also evaluated.Search strategy & selection criteria:  Structured electronic and hand search was performed with no restriction on the language of publication. Only randomized controlled trials comparing different apical barrier formation techniques and root strengthening procedures in traumatized necrotic immature anterior teeth were assessed.Results:  Two hundred studies were identified but only two were suitable for inclusion. Included studies investigated multi‐visit apexification techniques using calcium hydroxide and tricalcium phosphate. There were no eligible studies investigating root strengthening procedures or any other intervention for apical barrier formation in necrotic immature anterior teeth. No reliable information was available on long‐term adverse effects of the reported interventions or cost implications.Conclusions:  Based on two included studies, there is weak evidence supporting the use of either calcium hydroxide or tricalcium phosphate for apical barrier formation in necrotic immature anterior teeth employing multi‐visit apexification techniques. The evidence is insufficient to provide guidelines for practice. There was no reliable evidence on adverse events or long‐term effects after the use of calcium hydroxide or tricalcium phosphate justifying caution in their use in apical barrier formation techniques.
Microbiological findings at tongue piercing sites – implications to oral health
Authors: Ziebolz D , Hornecker E , Mausberg RF 
Published: July 2009

Abstract:  Background:  Body piercing enjoys a widespread popularity among juveniles and young people. The tongue is the most commonly pierced oral site. Tongue jewellery, however, can damage the teeth and periodontium and may provide an ideal environment for microorganisms. The aim of this report was to investigate if and in case in which amount periodontopathogenic organisms can be found at tongue piercing sites.Methods:  Patients with tongue piercings visiting the authors’ dental office for a dental check‐up volunteered. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the type of material used in the piercing, the time the device was in place, oral and piercing hygiene practices and smoking habits. The dental examination included an oral hygiene index and the periodontal screening index. From the surface of the piercing jewellery adjacent to the tongue perforation, microbiological samples were collected and analysed for the presence of 11 periodontopathogenic bacteria.Results:  A total of 12 patients with tongue piercing were asked and examined. Their tongue piercings had been in place between 2 and 8 years. The microbiological analysis showed an increased or substantially increased concentration of periodontopathogenic bacteria in all cases. It became obvious that the longer a piercing had been in place, the more pronounced was the shift from bacteria with a moderate periodontopathogenic potential to bacteria with a high periodontopathogenic potential.Conclusion:  Tongue piercing provides a potential reservoir for periodontopathogenic bacteria.
Bronchomalacia occurring in monozygotic twins – further information about its inheritance
Authors: Brodlie Malcolm , Spencer David A 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe report left main‐stem bronchomalacia occurring in monozygotic twins that became symptomatic during infancy. This phenomenon has not previously been reported to occur in twins. Little is known about the aetiology of primary bronchomalacia, but this occurrence suggests that there may be a significant genetic component in some cases.Conclusion:  Left main‐stem bronchomalacia occurring in monozygotic twins suggests that there may be a significant genetic component in some cases and provides further information about the inheritance of this condition.
Early cytomegalovirus infection and the long‐term outcome of biliary atresia
Authors: Fischler Björn , Svensson Jan F , Nemeth Antal 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAim:  To study the impact of ongoing cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection at presentation of biliary atresia (BA) on the long‐term outcome after Kasai procedure.Methods:  Twenty‐eight patients with BA born 1988–1997 were included and followed‐up until 2007. Eleven patients (group A) had ongoing CMV infection at presentation and were compared to the remaining 17 patients (group B). Median age at Kasai procedure was 75 days in group A and 70 days in group B (p = 0.12).Results:  Including all patients, survival with native liver was 50% and 36% at 4 and 10 years of follow‐up respectively. At the end of follow‐up, it was 25% and overall survival was 68%. When comparing groups A and B, neither difference in survival with native liver (p = 0.67, log‐rank test) nor in survival after liver transplantation was detected.Conclusion:  Survival with native liver after Kasai procedure is comparable to that of other centres. CMV positive patients may present with a later onset, alternatively the detection of CMV infection could delay the referral of BA patients. No significant differences in long‐term outcome were detected with regard to early CMV infection.
Molecular identification of coliform bacteria from colicky breastfed infants
Authors: Savino F , Cordisco L , Tarasco V , Calabrese R , Palumeri E , Matteuzzi D 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjective:  To determine the presence of intestinal coliform bacteria in colicky vs healthy infants.Study design:  We isolated coliform strains from faeces and performed quantitative bacterial cultures in 41 colicky and 39 healthy breastfed infants, identified using PCR with species‐specific primers, strain‐specific Automated Ribotyping and the API‐50E kit for Enterobacteriaceae to identify the most frequent strains.Results:  Coliform strains were more abundant in colicky infants (median 6.04 log10 CFU/g faeces, range 2.00–8.76) vs controls (median 4.47 log10 CFU/g faeces, range 1.00–8.08) (p = 0.026). Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, E. aerogenes and Enterococcus faecalis were the predominant species in colicky and healthy infants. The counts of each bacterial species differed between the two groups, and the difference was significant (p = 0.002) for E. coli: median 6.30 log10 CFU/g faeces (range 3.00–8.74) in colicky infants, and median 4.70 log10 CFU/g faeces (range 2.00–5.85) in controls.Conclusions:  This is the first study to evaluate the colonization patterns of gas‐forming coliforms in colicky infants and healthy controls identified by molecular methods. Coliform bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli, were found to be more abundant in colicky infants. Our data could help to shed light on the cause of infantile colic.
Decrepit death as a discourse of death in older age: implications for policy
Authors: O’Connor Margaret 
Published: July 2009

Background.  In Australia, care of the older person dying in residential aged care is contentious. This paper reports on selected results of a study of aged and palliative care policies, undertaken to elicit discourses of dying in aged care environments.Aims.  To gain understanding of the relationship of policy to practice and to highlight commonalities and differences between aged and palliative care policies.Design and method.  Utilizing discourse analysis, a range of palliative care and aged care documents were analysed, to explicate layers of complexity. Two divergent discourses emerged in the data organization.Results.  The dominant palliative care discourse about dying decries an ‘undeserved death’; the discourse about an older dying person is described as ‘decrepit death’. These competing discourses provide a framework for examining emerging national policy work to improve care of the dying.Conclusions.  Dying in residential aged care has been hidden and unacknowledged by the community. The challenge of providing more equitable care has recently received significant government policy attention.Relevance to clinical practice.  Policy influences practice; both aged care and palliative care nurses, could benefit from understanding the place of policy in implementing changes on behalf of those in their care.
Explaining Negotiation Outcomes: Process or Context?
Authors: Irmer Cynthia , Druckman Daniel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study evaluates a set of hypotheses about the relative influence of negotiating processes and contexts on outcomes. The investigation proceeds in a sequence of steps. First, a number of process and outcome variables are coded from documented cases of 26 settled violent conflicts that have occurred since the end of World War II. These cases are used also to evaluate the impact of four contextual variables. High partial correlations indicate a strong relationship between process and outcome controlling for context. Second, a set of structured focused comparisons was conducted with four matched and mis‐matched cases. By tracing the process in each of these cases through phases of the talks, we showed that there is a causal relationship between process and outcome. Third, a plausibility probe was designed to identify a mechanism responsible for the causal relationship. The probe discovered that the development of trust is a plausible explanation for the relationship between process and outcome. This mode of inquiry, referred to as ACE (association, causation, and explanation), is regarded as a model for research on negotiation and peace processes.
The Reality and Myth of Sacred Issues in Negotiations
Authors: Tenbrunsel Ann E. , Wade‐Benzoni Kimberly A. , Tost Leigh P. , Medvec Victoria H. , Thompson Leigh L. , Bazerman Max H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article investigates the role of sacred issues in a dyadic negotiation set in an environmental context. As predicted, a focus on sacred issues negatively impacts the negotiation, producing more impasses, lower joint outcomes, and more negative perceptions of one’s opponent; however, this is only true when both parties perceive that they have a strong alternative to a negotiated agreement. When negotiation parties perceive that they have weak alternatives, sacred issues did not have any effect on negotiation outcomes or opponent perceptions. These results suggest that the negative effects of sacred issues are driven in part by whether negotiators have recourse; in other words, exercising one’s principles and values may depend on whether people can afford to do so. We conclude by suggesting that the impact of certain sacred issues may be contextually dependent and that the term “pseudo‐sacred” may actually be a more accurate label for certain contexts.
Negotiating Intercommunity and Community Group Identity Positions: Summary Discourses from Two Northern Ireland Intercommunity Groups
Authors: Collier Mary Jane 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study applies a critical/interpretive framework to analyze discourses from two public documents compiled in 2002 from two intercommunity groups in West Belfast in Northern Ireland. Discourses are taken from participants’ comments, recounted experiences, and descriptions of their intercommunity relationships and actions produced to share with wider audiences in Northern Ireland. Analysis of selected discourse demonstrates: (a) how intercommunity group identities are negotiated simultaneously with community group identities, gendered, generational, and class privilege positions; (b) how speakers’ comments position their own groups in relationship to institutional representatives such as religious leaders, politicians, and security personnel; (c) how levels of agency and resistance are contextually negotiated; and (d) the importance of dialectic tensions and contradictions of being a member of an intercommunity group as well as a separate community in West Belfast. Implications of this framework for conflict researchers and practitioners are also addressed.
THE IMPACT ON THE FAMILY THERAPIST OF A FOCUS ON DEATH, DYING, AND BEREAVEMENT
Authors: Becvar Dorothy S. 
Published: July 2009

Recognizing the growing numbers of family therapists who are choosing a focus on death, dying and bereavement, this article addresses the nature of the commitment required—as well as the gifts and challenges presented by work in this area. Particular attention is given to therapists' vulnerability to compassion fatigue and/or vicarious traumatization, both of which are described and discussed. A variety of strategies for individuals and institutions, aimed at supporting professionals and preventing problems, are considered. It is concluded that as family therapists focus on self‐care as well as client care, they have the potential to increase not only their effectiveness but also to enhance their own well‐being. Implications for training and for research on this topic also are considered.“For their is nothing heavier than compassion. Not even one's own pain weighs so heavy as the pain one feels with someone, for someone, a pain intensified by the imagination and prolonged by a hundred echoes.” (Kundera, 1999, p. 31)
Business Investment under Uncertainty and Irreversibility1
Authors: Lombardi Domenico 
Published: July 2009

Abstract:This article surveys developments in the literature on business investment that have shed light on important aspects of firms' investment behaviour. Recent contributions emphasize the relevance of idiosyncratic factors affecting investment decisions such as the degree of irreversibility and uncertainty, whose interaction may generate an opportunity cost equivalent to the exercise of an option. They add an important dimension to the neoclassical theory of investment in so far as they emphasize cross‐sectional differences in optimal investment behavior. The econometric evidence is consistent with the predictions of these models pointing to a slower response of investment to demand shocks at higher levels of uncertainty.
Glucose represses PPARαgene expression via AMP‐activated protein kinase but not via p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase in the pancreatic β‐cell
Authors: JOLY Erik , RODUIT Raphaël , PEYOT Marie‐Line , HABINOWSKI Susan Amy , RUDERMAN Neil Bertrand , WITTERS Lee Alan , PRENTKI Marc 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground:  Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) regulates the expression of fatty acid metabolism genes and is thought to play a role in the regulation of insulin secretion and lipid detoxification. We have examined the mechanism whereby glucose decreases PPARα gene expression in the pancreatic β‐cell.Methods:  INS832/13 β‐cell and isolated rat islets were incubated at 3 and 20 mM glucose for 18 h in the absence or presence of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators and inhibitors, as well as p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitors. In another set of experiments, INS832/13 were infected with an adenovirus expressing a dominant‐negative form of AMPK. PPARα expression levels were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.Results:  Elevated glucose reduced the abundance of the PPARα transcript and protein, and its target genes acyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) oxidase (ACO) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP‐2) in INS832/13 β‐cell and isolated rat islets. Glucose reduced AMPK activity, while the AMPK activators 5‐amino‐4‐imidazolecarboxamide riboside and metformin increased PPARα expression and suppressed the action of glucose. By contrast, the AMPK inhibitor compound C mimicked the glucose effect. A dominant negative form of AMPKα reduced the PPARα, ACO and UCP‐2 transcripts to the same extent as elevated glucose. Pharmacological evidence indicated that glucose‐regulated PPARα expression does not involve p38 MAPK, a target of AMPK in several cell types.Conclusions:  The results indicate that glucose represses PPARα gene expression via AMPK, but not via p38 MAPK in the β‐cell.
Genetics of human iris colour and patterns
Authors: Sturm Richard A. , Larsson Mats 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThe presence of melanin pigment within the iris is responsible for the visual impression of human eye colouration with complex patterns also evident in this tissue, including Fuchs’ crypts, nevi, Wolfflin nodules and contraction furrows. The genetic basis underlying the determination and inheritance of these traits has been the subject of debate and research from the very beginning of quantitative trait studies in humans. Although segregation of blue‐brown eye colour has been described using a simple Mendelian dominant‐recessive gene model this is too simplistic, and a new molecular genetic perspective is needed to fully understand the biological complexities of this process as a polygenic trait. Nevertheless, it has been estimated that 74% of the variance in human eye colour can be explained by one interval on chromosome 15 that contains the OCA2 gene. Fine mapping of this region has identified a single base change rs12913832 T/C within intron 86 of the upstream HERC2 locus that explains almost all of this association with blue‐brown eye colour. A model is presented whereby this SNP, serving as a target site for the SWI/SNF family member HLTF, acts as part of a highly evolutionary conserved regulatory element required for OCA2 gene activation through chromatin remodelling. Major candidate genes possibly effecting iris patterns are also discussed, including MITF and PAX6.
Temporal visual field defects are associated with monocular inattention in chiasmal pathology
Authors: Fledelius Hans C. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  Chiasmal lesions have been shown to give rise occasionally to uni‐ocular temporal inattention, which cannot be compensated for by volitional eye movement. This article describes the assessments of 46 such patients with chiasmal pathology. It aims to determine the clinical spectrum of this disorder, including interference with reading.Methods:  Retrospective consecutive observational clinical case study over a 7‐year period comprising 46 patients with chiasmal field loss of varying degrees. Observation of reading behaviour during monocular visual acuity testing ascertained from consecutive patients who appeared unable to read optotypes on the temporal side of the chart. Visual fields were evaluated by kinetic (Goldmann) and static (Octopus) techniques. Five patients who clearly manifested this condition are presented in more detail. The results of visual field testing were related to absence or presence of uni‐ocular visual inattentive behaviour for distance visual acuity testing and/or reading printed text.Results:  Despite normal eye movements, the 46 patients making up the clinical series perceived only optotypes in the nasal part of the chart, in one eye or in both, when tested for each eye in turn. The temporal optotypes were ignored, and this behaviour persisted despite instruction to search for any additional letters temporal to those, which had been seen. This phenomenon of unilateral visual inattention held for both eyes in 18 and was unilateral in the remaining 28 patients. Partial or full reversibility after treatment was recorded in 21 of the 39 for whom reliable follow‐up data were available. Reading a text was affected in 24 individuals, and permanently so in six.Conclusion:  A neglect‐like spatial unawareness and a lack of cognitive compensation for varying degrees of temporal visual field loss were present in all the patients observed. Not only is visual field loss a feature of chiasmal pathology, but the higher visual function of affording attention within the temporal visual field by means of using conscious thought to invoke appropriate compensatory eye movement was also absent. This suggests the possibility of ‘trans‐synaptic dysfunction’ caused by loss of visual input to higher visual centres. When inattention to the temporal side is manifest on monocular visual testing it should raise the suspicion of chiasmal pathology.
Ocular wavefront analysis and contrast sensitivity in eyes implanted with AcrySof IQ or AcrySof Natural intraocular lenses
Authors: Takmaz Tamer , Genç İpek , Yıldız Yelda , Can İzzet 
Published: July 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  This study aimed to compare ocular wavefront aberrations for pupil diameters of 4 mm and 6 mm, and contrast sensitivity, in eyes with AcrySof IQ and AcrySof Natural intraocular lenses (IOLs).Methods:  Sixty eyes of 60 patients were enrolled in this prospective randomized study. After phacoemulsification the eyes received either AcrySof IQ SN60WF or AcrySof Natural SN60AT IOLs. One month after surgery, all patients underwent complete ophthalmological examination including corneal topography, wavefront analysis for pupil diameters of 4 mm and 6 mm, and contrast sensitivity measurements with the CSV 1000E instrument under photopic and mesopic conditions with and without glare.Results:  There was no statistically significant difference between groups in age, sex or other preoperative ocular characteristics (p > 0.05). Patients with AcrySof IQ IOLs had higher contrast sensitivity at 6 c.p.d. under photopic conditions, at 6 c.p.d. and 18 c.p.d. under mesopic conditions, and at 6 c.p.d., 12 c.p.d. and 18 c.p.d. under mesopic conditions with glare (p < 0.05). Corneal spherical aberration was 0.273 ± 0.074 μm in the AcrySof Natural group and 0.294 ± 0.086 μm in the AcrySof IQ group (p = 0489). Ocular spherical aberration was 0.362 ± 0.141 μm and 0.069 ± 0.043 μm (p < 0.001) for 6‐mm diameter pupils and 0.143 ± 0.091 μm and 0.017 ± 0.016 μm (p < 0.001) for 4‐mm diameter pupils, with AcrySof Natural and AcrySof IQ IOLs, respectively. There were no significant differences in other higher‐order aberrations between the groups (p > 0.05).Conclusions:  Aspherical AcrySof IQ IOLs significantly reduced spherical aberration for pupil diameters of both 4 mm and 6 mm and also improved contrast sensitivity more than spherical AcrySof Natural IOLs, especially in mesopic conditions.