bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multisensory information boosts numerical matching abilities in young children
Authors: Jordan Kerry E. , Baker Joseph 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study presents the first evidence that preschool children perform more accurately in a numerical matching task when given multisensory rather than unisensory information about number. Three‐ to 5‐year‐old children learned to play a numerical matching game on a touchscreen computer, which asked them to match a sample numerosity with a numerically equivalent choice numerosity. Samples consisted of a series of visual squares on some trials, a series of auditory tones on other trials, and synchronized squares and tones on still other trials. Children performed at chance on this matching task when provided with either type of unisensory sample, but improved significantly when provided with multisensory samples. There was no speed–accuracy tradeoff between unisensory and multisensory trial types. Thus, these findings suggest that intersensory redundancy may improve young children’s abilities to match numerosities.
Elevated amygdala response to faces following early deprivation
Authors: Tottenham N. , Hare T.A. , Millner A. , Gilhooly T. , Zevin J.D. , Casey B.J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA functional neuroimaging study examined the long‐term neural correlates of early adverse rearing conditions in humans as they relate to socio‐emotional development. Previously institutionalized (PI) children and a same‐aged comparison group were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing an Emotional Face Go/Nogo task. PI children showed heightened activity of the amygdala, a region that supports emotional learning and reactivity to emotional stimuli, and corresponding decreases in cortical regions that support perceptual and cognitive functions. Amygdala activity was associated with decreased eye‐contact as measured by eye‐tracking methods and during a live dyadic interaction. The association between early rearing environment and subsequent eye‐contact was mediated by amygdala activity. These data support the hypothesis that early adversity alters human brain development in a way that can persist into childhood, and they offer insight into the socio‐emotional disturbances in human behavior following early adversity.
Twelve‐month‐olds privilege words over other linguistic sounds in an associative learning task
Authors: MacKenzie Heather , Graham Susan A. , Curtin Suzanne 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe examined whether 12‐month‐old infants privilege words over other linguistic stimuli in an associative learning task. Sixty‐four infants were presented with sets of either word–object, communicative sound–object, or consonantal sound–object pairings until they habituated. They were then tested on a ‘switch’ in the sound to determine whether they were able to associate the word and/or sound with the novel objects. Infants associated words, but not communicative sounds or consonantal sounds, with novel objects. The results demonstrate that infants exhibit a preference for words over other linguistic stimuli in an associative word learning task. This suggests that by 12 months of age, infants have developed knowledge about the nature of an appropriate sound form for an object label and will privilege this form as an object label.
Work and employment in distribution and exchange: moments in the circuit of capital
Authors: Newsome Kirsty 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis article examines the ‘politics of production’ within grocery warehousing and distribution. In doing so, it highlights the complex linkages between logistics companies and their dominant supermarket customers. Building on the work of Glucksmann and the notion of the ‘total social organisation of labour’, the article reveals how an understanding of employment change within grocery distribution necessarily involves mapping these linkages, thereby examining how they impact on the labour process. Drawing on case‐study evidence from two third‐party grocery distribution companies, it examines empirically the nature of the linkages between these organisations and their effects on the labour process. It also explores the extent to which organised labour within these interconnected distribution companies is able to mediate and re‐shape the requirements placed upon them by their customers. It concludes by highlighting how the power of the retailers and the corresponding ‘logistics revolution’ has reshaped the politics of production. In addition, it calls for an understanding of work and employment in warehousing and distribution, which engages with the complex articulation between production, distribution and exchange.
Treatment of human head lice infestations in a single application with a new galenic lotion
Authors: Militão de Sousa F. , Vasconcelos A. W. , De Nadon J. , Duhot P‐Y. 
Published: May 2010

SynopsisTo evaluate the efficiency and safety of a new galenic meta‐emulsion for the treatment of human head lice (Pediculus capitis) in a single application. A controlled clinical study was conducted comparing lice infestation and nit hatching observed before and after a treatment in a single application. Eighty‐two of the 87 children included completed the study. An infestation control was performed on 36 and 46 children, 8 and 24 h respectively after application. Five days later, a meticulous hair examination was carried out to check that the lice infestation was completely cured. After a single application of the lotion being tested, an examination of the scalp with a head lice detection comb, as well as an examination of the rinsing water and the towel used for drying after washing, showed that out of the total 1285 lice, there were no live lice. The percentage of nits hatching before treatment was close to 70%. In comparison, after an 8‐h treatment (t+8), the percentage of nits hatching was 2.1%, with only 0.35% of living nymphs. After a 24‐h treatment (t+24), 1.9% hatched with 0.38% living nymphs. Nymphs were revealed to be non‐viable. After 5 days (t+120), no living adult or immature lice were found on the subjects tested. Moreover, observation of tolerance levels to this treatment at days 1, 5 and 12 showed no side effects. The specific galenic lotion completely cured head lice infestation in the population studied in a single application. The lotion, a patented meta‐emulsion, has a mechanical action that asphyxiates lice and nits. Considering the advantages of the single application, the possibility of complete concomitant therapeutics for a whole school population within only 1 day and the high level of tolerance to this treatment, this approach seems simple and promising.
Gamma irradiation, rheological and microbiological analysis of cosmetic products
Authors: Santos‐Oliveira R. , De Jesus Andreoli Pinto T. , Satiko Kikuchi I. , Gonçalves Mothè C. 
Published: May 2010

SynopsisIn this study, we aimed to use gamma irradiation for decontamination of cosmetic product (gel) achieve the acceptable microbiological limits. Cosmetic product vials were irradiated (10–100 kGy) and physicochemical, microbiological and biological properties of these samples were evaluated in normal conditions. Decontamination dose for all samples was found to be about 10 kGy or below. A pseudoplastic feature was induced in the gel after irradiation suggesting a large applicability of gamma radiation to this purpose.
No association between the 2D:4D fetal testosterone marker and multidimensional attentional abilities in children with ADHD
Authors: LEMIERE JURGEN , BOETS BART , DANCKAERTS MARINA 
Published: May 2010

Aim  It has been suggested that high levels of prenatal testosterone exposure are implied in the aetiology of attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined the association between the ratio of the length of the second and fourth digits (2D:4D ratio), a marker of fetal testosterone exposure, and the presence of ADHD‐related cognitive and behavioural problems in children with ADHD and in typically developing comparison individuals.Method  A clinically referred group of 64 children who fulfilled DSM‐IV‐TR criteria for ADHD (47 males, 17 females; mean age 8y 8mo, SD 1y 8mo, range 7–12y) and 46 comparison children (25 males, 21 females; mean age 9y 2mo; SD 1y 10mo, range 7–12y) were included in the study. The length of the second and fourth digits was measured by two independent raters. The Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA‐Ch) were used to assess behavioural problems and different aspects of attention.Results  No group differences in 2D:4D ratio were observed between children with (combined, inattentive, or hyperactive‐impulsive subtype of) ADHD and comparison children. The ratio did not show the postulated relation with cognitive and behavioural aspects of ADHD.Interpretation  These findings challenge the hypothesis that fetal testosterone exposure plays a prominent role in the aetiology of ADHD.
Paroxysmal disorders in infancy and their risk factors in a population‐based cohort: the Generation R Study
Authors: VISSER ANNEMARIE M , JADDOE VINCENT WV , ARENDS LIDIA R , TIEMEIER HENNING , HOFMAN ALBERT , MOLL HENRIETTE A , STEEGERS ERIC AP , BRETELER MONIQUE MB , ARTS WILLEM FM 
Published: May 2010

Aim  To examine the incidence of paroxysmal epileptic and non‐epileptic disorders and the associated prenatal and perinatal factors that might predict them in the first year of life in a population‐based cohort.Method  This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population‐based prospective cohort study from early fetal life onwards. Information about the occurrence of paroxysmal events, defined as suddenly occurring episodes with an altered consciousness, altered behaviour, involuntary movements, altered muscle tone, and/or a changed breathing pattern, was collected by questionnaires at the ages of 2, 6, and 12 months. Information on possible prenatal and perinatal determinants was obtained by measurements and questionnaires during pregnancy and after birth.Results  Information about paroxysmal events in the first year of life was available in 2860 participants (1410 males, 1450 females). We found an incidence of paroxysmal disorders of 8.9% (n=255) in the first year of life. Of these participants, 17 were diagnosed with febrile seizures and two with epilepsy. Non‐epileptic events included physiological events, apnoeic spells, loss of consciousness by causes other than epileptic seizures or apnoeic spells, parasomnias, and other events. Preterm birth (p<0.001) and low Apgar score at 1 minute (p<0.05) were significantly associated with paroxysmal disorders in the first year of life. Continued maternal smoking during pregnancy and preterm birth were significantly associated with febrile seizures in the first year of life (p<0.05).Interpretation  Paroxysmal disorders are frequent in infancy. They are associated with preterm birth and a low Apgar score. Epileptic seizures only form a minority of the paroxysmal events in infancy. In this study, children whose mothers continued smoking during pregnancy had a higher reported incidence of febrile seizures in the first year of life. These findings may generate various hypotheses for further investigations.
Recurrence of breech presentation in consecutive pregnancies
Authors: Ford JB , Roberts CL , Nassar N , Giles W , Morris JM 
Published: May 2010

Please cite this paper as: Ford J, Roberts C, Nassar N, Giles W, Morris J. Recurrence of breech presentation in consecutive pregnancies. BJOG 2010;117:830–836.Objective  To investigate the recurrence risk of breech presentation at term, and to assess the risk factors that contribute to its recurrence.Design  Cohort study.Setting  New South Wales, Australia.Population  Women with their first two (n = 113 854) and first three (n = 21 690) consecutive singleton term pregnancies, in the period 1994–2002.Methods  Descriptive statistics including rates, relative risks and adjusted relative risks, as determined from logistic regression and Poisson analyses.Main outcome measures  Rates and risks of occurrence and recurrence of breech presentation at birth in each pregnancy, and maternal and infant risk factors associated with breech recurrence.Results  First‐time breech presentation at term occurred in 4.2% of first pregnancy deliveries, 2.2% of second pregnancies and 1.9% of third pregnancies. The rate of breech recurrence in a second consecutive pregnancy was 9.9%, and in a third consecutive pregnancy (after two prior breech deliveries) was 27.5%. The relative risk of breech recurrence in a second pregnancy was 3.2 (95% CI 2.8–3.6), and in a third consecutive breech pregnancy was 13.9 (95% CI 8.8–22.1). First pregnancy factors associated with recurrence included placenta praevia [adjusted relative risk (aRR) 2.2; 95% CI 1.3–3.7], maternal diabetes (aRR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0–2.1) and a maternal age of ≥35 years (aRR 1.2; 95% CI 0.9–1.6). Second pregnancy factors included birth defects (aRR 2.5; 95% CI 1.4–4.2), placenta praevia (aRR 2.5; 95% CI 1.5–4.1) and a female infant (aRR 1.2; 95% CI 1.0–1.5).Conclusions  The increased recurrence risk of breech presentations suggests that women with a history of breech delivery should be closely monitored in the latter stages of pregnancy.
How to interpret randomised trials of test–treatment combinations: a critical evaluation of research on uterine Doppler test to predict, and aspirin to prevent, pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Fox C , Khan KS , Coomarasamy A 
Published: May 2010

Please cite this paper as: Fox C, Khan K, Coomarasamy A. How to interpret randomised trials of test–treatment combinations: a critical evaluation of research on uterine Doppler test to predict, and aspirin to prevent, pre‐eclampsia. BJOG 2010;117:801–808.The methodology to evaluate either a test or treatment is well developed and understood. However, the design, conduct and interpretation of a combination of a test and a treatment in a single study are fraught with complexities. There are two distinct study designs to evaluate test–treatment combinations, with randomisation occurring either before or after the test. We present critical issues that need to be considered when evaluating and appraising test–treatment combinations, using the example of research on the uterine artery Doppler test to predict, and aspirin to prevent, pre‐eclampsia.
Discordant patterns of population structure for two co‐distributed snake species across a fragmented Ontario landscape
Authors: DiLeo Michelle F. , Row Jeffrey R. , Lougheed Stephen C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim The goal of our study was to investigate the effects of a fragmented landscape on the genetic population structure of two sympatric snake species that differ in habitat preference. The eastern garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis) is a common, habitat generalist, whereas the endangered eastern foxsnake (Mintonius[Elaphe] gloydi) is rarer, geographically restricted, and a marsh‐specialist. We were most interested in comparing the genetic population structure of both species and identifying any natural and human‐created features of the landscape that overlap with genetic disjunctions.Location Southwestern Ontario, Canada, surveying over half of the remaining range of the eastern foxsnake.Methods We utilized DNA microsatellite markers to examine genetic population structure of both species. The number of genetically distinct clusters for each species was determined using both Bayesian spatial assignment and spatial principal component analyses (sPCA). Genetic clusters were overlaid onto a habitat map to deduce possible physiognomic barriers to gene flow.Results Spatial assignment revealed three genetic clusters for garter snakes and five for foxsnakes. Each individual garter snake had a near equal probability of membership to two or more clusters with no cluster mapping onto a discrete geographic region, indicating that garter snakes comprise a single genetic population. The identified foxsnake clusters correspond to geographically circumscribed locations on the landscape, roughly coincident with isolated patches of suitable habitat. sPCAs revealed significant global allelic structure for foxsnakes, but not for garter snakes. No significant local structure was found for either species.Main Conclusions Our results imply that foxsnakes and garter snakes are differentially impacted by the same landscape or have dramatically different effective population sizes. Unsuitable intervening habitat such as agricultural tracts and roads between existing populations of foxsnakes appears to act as barriers to gene flow, while garter snake movement appears unrestricted by these features. Our findings have important implications for the management of eastern foxsnakes.
Tracking greenery across a latitudinal gradient in central Asia – the migration of the saiga antelope
Authors: Singh N. J. , Grachev I. A. , Bekenov A. B. , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim Long‐distance migrations of terrestrial animals, driven by needs such as food, water and escaping predators and harsh climatic conditions, are widely known phenomena. The saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica tatarica) migrates over long distances in the semi‐arid rangelands of Central Asia. Both the saiga’s range and its populations have been severely affected by socio‐political and land use changes over the last century, related to the formation and dissolution of the Soviet Union. We identified ecological drivers of saiga migration, compared four populations in terms of differences in the geographical characteristics of their ranges and the factors affecting habitat selection within the seasonal ranges.Location Kazakhstan and pre‐Caspian Russia.Methods Using 40 years of direct observations, we tested for differences between the four saiga populations’ ranges in terms of precipitation, seasonal productivity and topographical variables using discriminant analyses. We tested hypotheses concerning the drivers of migration to their seasonal ranges and assessed the impact of peak and average values and the predictability of drivers of habitat use within the seasonal ranges using logistic regressions.Results Three of the four populations migrate in a similar way, following a latitudinal gradient driven by seasonal changes in productivity, which is closely related to broad‐scale differences in precipitation. Intermediate productivity and its low interannual variability determine habitat selection within the seasonal ranges of all the populations.Main conclusions Migration of all four populations is driven by productivity and precipitation. The migrations in Kazakhstan are still intact despite major recent disruption to the populations, whereas their status in the pre‐Caspian region is unknown. All four populations are under severe threat from habitat loss, poaching, lack of protection and gaps in ecological knowledge. A better understanding of the drivers of saiga migration at multiple scales is a key step towards addressing these threats.
A role for the Werner syndrome protein in epigenetic inactivation of the pluripotency factor Oct4
Authors: Smith Johanna A. , Ndoye Abibatou M. N. , Geary Kyla , Lisanti Michael P. , Igoucheva Olga , Daniel René 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWerner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disorder, the hallmarks of which are premature aging and early onset of neoplastic diseases (Orren, 2006; Bohr, 2008). The gene, whose mutation underlies the WS phenotype, is called WRN. The protein encoded by the WRN gene, WRNp, has DNA helicase activity (Gray et al., 1997; Orren, 2006; Bohr, 2008; Opresko, 2008). Extensive evidence suggests that WRNp plays a role in DNA replication and DNA repair (Chen et al., 2003; Hickson, 2003; Orren, 2006; Turaga et al., 2007; Bohr, 2008). However, WRNp function is not yet fully understood. In this study, we show that WRNp is involved in de novo DNA methylation of the promoter of the Oct4 gene, which encodes a crucial stem cell transcription factor. We demonstrate that WRNp localizes to the Oct4 promoter during retinoic acid‐induced differentiation of human pluripotent cells and associates with the de novo methyltransferase Dnmt3b in the chromatin of differentiating pluripotent cells. Depletion of WRNp does not affect demethylation of lysine 4 of the histone H3 at the Oct4 promoter, nor methylation of lysine 9 of H3, but it blocks the recruitment of Dnmt3b to the promoter and results in the reduced methylation of CpG sites within the Oct4 promoter. The lack of DNA methylation was associated with continued, albeit greatly reduced, Oct4 expression in WRN‐deficient, retinoic acid‐treated cells, which resulted in attenuated differentiation. The presented results reveal a novel function of WRNp and demonstrate that WRNp controls a key step in pluripotent stem cell differentiation.
Sustained morphine‐mediated pain sensitization and antinociceptive tolerance are blocked by intrathecal treatment with Raf‐1‐selective siRNA
Authors: Tumati S , Roeske WR , Largent‐Milnes T , Wang R , Vanderah TW , Varga EV 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSELong‐term morphine treatment enhances pain neurotransmitter [such as calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)] levels in the spinal cord. It has been suggested previously that increased spinal CGRP may contribute to sustained morphine‐mediated paradoxical pain sensitization and antinociceptive tolerance. Previousin vitrostudies from our group indicated that Raf‐1 kinase‐mediated adenylyl cyclase superactivation played a crucial role in sustained morphine‐mediated augmentation of basal and evoked CGRP release from cultured primary sensory neurons. The present study was aimed to evaluate the physiological significance of this molecular mechanismin vivo, in rats.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHRats were intrathecally (i.th) injected with a Raf‐1‐selective small interfering RNA (siRNA) mixture for 3 days and were subsequently infused with saline or morphine, s.c. for 7 days. Thermal and mechanical sensory thresholds of the animals were assessed by daily behavioural tests. After final behavioural testing (day 6), spinal cords were isolated from each animal group and spinal CGRP and Raf‐1 protein levels were measured usingelisaand immunohistochemistry.KEY RESULTSSelective knockdown of spinal Raf‐1 protein levels by i.th Raf‐1‐selective siRNA pretreatment significantly attenuated sustained morphine‐mediated up‐regulation of CGRP immunoreactivity in the spinal cord of rats and prevented the development of thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia and antinociceptive tolerance.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSRaf‐1 played a significant role in sustained morphine‐mediated paradoxical pain sensitization and antinociceptive tolerancein vivo. These findings suggest novel pharmacological approaches to improve the long‐term utility of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain.