bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐week joint mobilization intervention improves self‐reported function, range of motion, and dynamic balance in those with chronic ankle instability
Authors: Hoch Matthew C. , Andreatta Richard D. , Mullineaux David R. , English Robert A. , Medina McKeon Jennifer M. , Mattacola Carl G. , McKeon Patrick O. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe examined the effect of a 2‐week anterior‐to‐posterior ankle joint mobilization intervention on weight‐bearing dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), dynamic balance, and self‐reported function in subjects with chronic ankle instability (CAI). In this prospective cohort study, subjects received six Maitland Grade III anterior‐to‐posterior joint mobilization treatments over 2 weeks. Weight‐bearing dorsiflexion ROM, the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral reach directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and self‐reported function on the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) were assessed 1 week before the intervention (baseline), prior to the first treatment (pre‐intervention), 24–48 h following the final treatment (post‐intervention), and 1 week later (1‐week follow‐up) in 12 adults (6 males and 6 females) with CAI. The results indicate that dorsiflexion ROM, reach distance in all directions of the SEBT, and the FAAM improved (p < 0.05 for all) in all measures following the intervention compared to those prior to the intervention. No differences were observed in any assessments between the baseline and pre‐intervention measures or between the post‐intervention and 1‐week follow‐up measures (p > 0.05). These results indicate that the joint mobilization intervention that targeted posterior talar glide was able to improve measures of function in adults with CAI for at least 1 week. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1798–1804, 2012
Central England temperature since AD 1850: the potential of stable carbon isotopes in British oak trees to reconstruct past summer temperatures
Authors: Young G. H. F. , Bale R. J. , Loader N. J. , Mccarroll D. , Nayling N. , Vousden N. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn regions with seasonal temperate climatic regimes, tree growth is rarely controlled by any single environmental factor. As a consequence, the development of robust palaeoclimate reconstructions has proved challenging. Tree‐ring stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C), however, are controlled primarily by photosynthetic rate, not by net growth. Therefore, at sites where climatic controls on tree‐ring growth are not strongly expressed, a robust (isotopic) palaeoclimate signal may still potentially be preserved. This hypothesis was tested using a 160‐year record of δ13C measured from the pooled latewood cellulose of six Quercus petraea L. (sessile oak) trees from Allt Lan‐las in West Wales, UK. Raw δ13C values were corrected for changes in the isotopic ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide and for changes in the behaviour of trees due to the increasing availability of atmospheric CO2 since AD 1850. Strong correlations with local summer temperature and sunshine are reported, and also with the Central England Temperature record over the full length of the isotopic chronology (AD 1850–2010) (r = 0.69, P < 0.001). We conclude that tree‐ring stable isotopes can be used to extract strong palaeoclimate signals even from oak trees growing in a temperate maritime climate. This demonstrates the potential for extracting robust palaeoclimatic information from the very long and well‐replicated oak chronologies which have been developed in western and central Europe primarily for dating rather than palaeoclimatic research purposes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tailored Poly(2‐oxazoline) Polymer Brushes to Control Protein Adsorption and Cell Adhesion
Authors: Zhang Ning , Pompe Tilo , Amin Ihsan , Luxenhofer Robert , Werner Carsten , Jordan Rainer 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPOx bottle‐brush brushes (BBBs) are synthesized by SIPGP of 2‐isopropenyl‐2‐oxazoline and consecutive LCROP of 2‐oxazolines on 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane‐modified silicon substrates. The side chain hydrophilicity and polarity are varied. The impact of the chemical composition and architecture of the BBB upon protein (fibronectin) adsorption and endothelial cell adhesion are investigated and prove extremely low protein adsorption and cell adhesion on BBBs with hydrophilic side chains such as poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) and poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline). The influence of the POx side chain terminal function upon adsorption and adhesion is minor but the side chain length has a significant effect on bioadsorption. magnified image
Aqueous‐Phase Copolymerization of N‐Vinylpyrrolidone and N‐Vinylformamide
Authors: Santanakrishnan Sandhya , Stach Marek , Lacík Igor , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAqueous‐phase batch free‐radical copolymerization of NVP and NVF is studied at 60 and 85 °C with varying initial monomer mixture compositions and monomer to water ratios. The rate of monomer conversion is found to increase with increasing NVP molar fraction and with decreasing total monomer concentration, in accordance with the expected behavior based on homopolymerization kinetics. The copolymer composition is equal to the initial comonomer composition, indicating monomer reactivity ratios to be unity. A terminal copolymerization model provides a good description of polymerization rate, copolymer composition, and polymer molar mass distributions using the same kinetic rate coefficients as used to previously describe the homopolymerization of the two monomers.
Dispersion of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Poly(Pyridinium Salt)s Containing Various Rigid Aromatic Moieties
Authors: Jo Tae Soo , Han Haesook , Bhowmik Pradip K. , Ma Longzhou 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDispersions of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with several poly(pyridinium salt)s containing various aromatic diamine moieties are prepared via a non‐covalent coagulation in DMSO. The interactions between SWNTs and polymers are characterized with various spectroscopic techniques. The 1H NMR spectra suggest that strong interactions exist. The UV−Vis absorption spectra are independent of the incorporation of SWNTs. The resulting composites display high quenching efficiency in the photoluminescent properties; and transmission electron microscopy studies reveal the well‐dispersed SWNTs in the ionic polymer matrices. The enhanced thermal stability of the composites is determined by thermogravimetric analysis. The fully grown lyotropic LC properties of the poly(pyridinium salt)s are disrupted by the introduction of SWNTs.
Differentially Degradable Janus Particles for Controlled Release Applications
Authors: Hwang Sangyeul , Lahann Joerg 
Published: May 2012

AbstractJanus particles with differentially degradable compartments were prepared by electrohydrodynamic (EHD) co‐jetting and subsequent controlled crosslinking. These bicompartmental particles are composed of an interpenetrating polymer network of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) in one hemisphere and a crosslinked copolymer of dextran and poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) segments in the second compartment. The compositional anisotropy caused differential hydrolytic susceptibility: Although both compartments were stable at pH 3.0, selective degradation of the PEO‐containing compartment pH 7.4 was observed wtihin 5 days. Janus particles with differentially degradable polymer compartments may be of interest for a range of oral drug delivery applications because of their propensity for decoupled release profiles.
Zinc Undecylenate Catalyst for the Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Caprolactone Monomers
Authors: Hao Jing , Granowski Patricia C. , Stefan Mihaela C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe ring‐opening polymerization of two caprolactone monomers catalyzed by zinc undecylenate (ZU) is reported. Polymerizations were performed in bulk with benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as an initiator at 90 and 110 °C, respectively. A slower polymerization rate was observed for γ‐octyloxy‐ϵ‐caprolactone as compared to ϵ‐caprolactone. Diblock copolymers were synthesized by the sequential monomer addition at 90 and 110 °C. The kinetic studies performed for the ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone and γ‐octyloxy‐ϵ‐caprolactone and the successful synthesis of diblock copolymers by the sequential monomer addition confirmed the controlled/living nature of zinc undecylenate catalyzed reactions.
Molecular Nanoworm with PCL Core and PEO Shell as a Non‐spherical Carrier for Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhao Peng , Liu Lixin , Feng Xiaoqin , Wang Chun , Shuai Xintao , Chen Yongming 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCore/shell wormlike polymer brushes with densely grafted poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PCL‐b‐PEO) are synthesized via grafting an alkynyl terminated PCL‐b‐PEO (ay‐PCL17‐b‐PEO113) onto a well‐defined azido functionalized polymethacrylate (PGA940) and are evaluated preliminarily as a single molecular cylindrical vehicle for drug delivery. Water soluble molecular worms of ca. 230 nm are obtained and then the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is loaded into its PCL core by hydrophobic interaction. Compared with spherical micelles from linear PCL17‐b‐PEO113, the brushes demonstrate a lower loading efficiency but a faster release rate of DOX. Confocal laser scanning microscopy measurements show that DOX‐loaded cylindrical molecular brushes can easily enter into HeLa and HepG2 cells in 1 h.
Efficient Polymerization of Azide and Active Internal Alkynes
Authors: Wei Qiang , Deng Haiqin , Cai Yunbo , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Li Jie , Sun Jingzhi , Gao Meng , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azides and active internal alkynes has been well studied, but is rarely utilized as a tool for polymer preparation. In this work, an efficient polymerization route is developed. Polycycloaddition of diazide (4) and bis(benzoylethynyl)‐benzenes and ‐butane (3) at elevated temperature has produced the first examples of soluble 1,4,5‐trisubstituted polytriazoles PI with satisfactory molecular weights (Mw up to 16 400) in excellent yields (up to 98.6%). All the obtained polymers are thermally stable, losing merely 5% of their weights at temperatures higher than 367 °C. They exhibit higher refractive indices than some commercial plastics and can be crosslinked upon UV irradiation to generate a 3D photopattern with high resolution. The metal‐free feature of such a methodology offers a facile tool to prepare functional materials free from the contamination of metal species.
Prevalence, incidence and determinants of PTSD and other mental disorders: design and methods of the PID‐PTSD+3 study
Authors: Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich , Schönfeld Sabine , Thurau Christin , Trautmann Sebastian , Galle Michaela , Mark Kathleen , Hauffa Robin , Zimmermann Peter , Schaefer Judith , Steudte Susann , Siegert Jens , Höfler Michael , Kirschbaum Clemens 
Published: May 2012

AbstractInvestigation of the prevalence, incidence, and determinants of post‐traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) and other mental disorders associated with military deployment in international missions poses several methodological and procedural challenges. This paper describes the design and sampling strategies, instruments, and experimental procedures applied in a study programme aimed to examine military deployment‐related mental health and disorders (prevalence and trajectories) and to identify vulnerability and risk factors (e.g. age, gender, type of mission, rank, and duration of deployment and a wide range of neurobiological, psychological, social, and behavioural factors).The study comprised two components. The first component, a cross‐sectional study, included 1483 deployed and 889 non‐deployed German soldiers (response rate, 93%) who served during the 2009 International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission. A standardized diagnostic instrument (Composite International Diagnostic Interview, CIDI) coupled with established questionnaires was administered to detect and diagnose PTSD and a broad spectrum of mental disorders and mental health problems. The second component, a prospective‐longitudinal study, included 621 soldiers examined before (2011) and after return (2012) from the ISAF mission. In addition to the CIDI and questionnaires, several experimental behavioural tests and biological markers were implemented to probe for incident mental disorders, mental health problems and risk factors. Our methods are expected to provide greater precision than previous studies for estimating the risk for incident deployment‐related and non‐deployment‐related disorders and their risk factors. We expect the findings to advance our understanding of a wide spectrum of adverse mental health outcomes beyond PTSD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Dissipation Gap Method for full‐field measurement‐based identification of elasto‐plastic material parameters
Authors: Blaysat B. , Florentin E. , Lubineau G. , Moussawi A. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYUsing enriched data such as displacement fields obtained from digital image correlation is a pathway to the local identification of material parameters. Up to now, most of the identification techniques for nonlinear models are based on Finite Element Updating Methods. This article explains how an appropriate use of the Dissipation Gap Method can help in this context and be an interesting alternative to these classical techniques. The Dissipation Gap Methods rely on the concept of error in dissipation that has been used mainly for the verification of finite element simulations. We provide here an original application of these founding developments to the identification of material parameters for nonlinear behaviors. The proposed technique and especially the main technical keypoint of building the admissible fields are described in detail. The approach is then illustrated through the identification of heterogeneous isotropic elasto‐plastic properties. The basic numerical features highlighted through these simple examples demonstrate this approach to be a promising tool for nonlinear identification.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multiscale finite element method for modeling fully coupled thermomechanical problems in solids
Authors: Sengupta Arkaprabha , Papadopoulos Panayiotis , Taylor Robert L. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThis article proposes a two‐scale formulation of fully coupled continuum thermomechanics using the finite element method at both scales. A monolithic approach is adopted in the solution of the momentum and energy equations. An efficient implementation of the resulting algorithm is derived that is suitable for multicore processing. The proposed method is applied with success to a strongly coupled problem involving shape‐memory alloys.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential drug class‐specific metastatic effects following treatment with a panel of angiogenesis inhibitors
Authors: Chung Alicia S , Kowanetz Marcin , Wu Xiumin , Zhuang Guanglei , Ngu Hai , Finkle David , Komuves Laszlo , Peale Franklin , Ferrara Napoleone 
Published: May 2012

AbstractInhibiting angiogenesis has become an important therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment but, like other current targeted therapies, benefits experienced for late‐stage cancers can be curtailed by inherent refractoriness or by acquired drug resistance, requiring a need for better mechanistic understanding of such effects. Numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated that VEGF pathway inhibitors suppress primary tumour growth and metastasis. However, it has been recently reported that short‐term VEGF and VEGFR inhibition can paradoxically accelerate tumour invasiveness and metastasis in certain models. Here we comprehensively compare the effects of both antibody and small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors targeting the VEGF–VEGFR pathway, using short‐term therapy in various mouse models of metastasis. Our findings demonstrate that antibody inhibition of VEGF pathway molecules does not promote metastasis, in contrast to selected small molecule RTK inhibitors at elevated‐therapeutic drug dosages. In particular, a multi‐targeted RTK inhibitor, sunitinib, which most profoundly potentiated metastasis, also increased lung vascular permeability and promoted tumour cell extravasation. Mechanistically, sunitinib, but not anti‐VEGF treatment, attenuated endothelial barrier function in culture and caused a global inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphorylation, including molecules important for maintaining endothelial cell–cell junctions. Together these findings indicate that, rather than a specific consequence of inhibiting the VEGF signalling pathway, pharmacological inhibitors of the VEGF pathway can have dose‐ and drug class‐dependent side‐effects on the host vasculature. These findings also advocate for the continued identification of mechanisms of resistance to anti‐angiogenics and for therapy development to overcome it. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinico‐genetic aspects of a pediatric non‐neurofibromatosis type 1 malignant triton tumor with loss of chromosome X
Authors: Engel Edgard Eduard , Brassesco María Sol , Valera Elvis Terci , Nogueira‐Barbosa Marcello Henrique , Yamashita Maurício Eiji de Almeida Santos , Scrideli Carlos Alberto , Tone Luiz Gonzaga 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMalignant triton tumor (MTT) is an aggressive peripheral nerve sheath tumor with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Less than 100 cases have been described, being mostly male children with type 1 neurofibromatosis. We report a 6‐year‐old female with MTT and no diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1. Cytogenetic analysis showed a 46,X,‐X[4]/46,XX[16] karyotype. She underwent a transfemoral amputation and chemotherapy and is free of disease 15 months after diagnosis. The few cytogenetic studies of MTT described in the literature have been inconclusive. Further cytogenetic analyses are needed to understand the role of chromosome X monosomy in the pathogenesis of this rare tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1320–1323. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Screening performance for trisomy 21 comparing first trimester combined screening and a first trimester contingent screening protocol including ductus venosus and tricuspid flow
Authors: Ekelund C. K. , Petersen O. B. , Sundberg K. , Pedersen F. H. , Vogel I. , Tabor A. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the standard first trimester combined risk assessment for trisomy 21 with a contingent screening protocol including tricuspid flow and ductus venosus flow.Material and methodWomen with singleton pregnancies and a first trimester combined risk assessment > 1 : 1000 were included. They all had additional assessment of the ductus venosus and the tricuspid flow. We compared screening performance in two screening strategies: (a) First trimester combined screening strategy based on the individual risk results from the routine screening test and (b) Contingent screening strategy based on a combination of the routine test results and additional ultrasound markers.ResultsWe included 917 women in the study, 894 in the euploid group and 23 in the trisomy 21 group. Using a contingent screening strategy resulted in a significant decrease in screen positive rate from 48.3% to 17.7% (p < 0.001) in the studied population. There was no statistical difference in detection rate between the two screening strategies.ConclusionThere is increasing evidence in favour of using additional ultrasound markers as part of contingent screening protocols in the first trimester. We do suggest performing further studies in routine clinical settings to provide validation of the available risk algorithms. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Diffusion‐reaction Model on the Wettability Gradient Created by SF6 Plasma
Authors: Mangindaan Dave , Kuo Chang‐Cheng , Lin Shi‐Yow , Wang Meng‐Jiy 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPreviously a model was reported on the simulation of a SF6 plasma generated wettability gradient by considering only the diffusion of the reactive species in plasma. This study proposed a modified model to describe the wettability gradient created by SF6 plasma by further considering the chemical reactions between the plasma species and the substrate. The wettability gradient was prepared by applying SF6 plasma on the O2 plasma pretreated polypropylene film that was covered with a mask. Experimentally, the chemical composition and surface wettability along the gradient was characterized by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy. For the mathematical model, two main assumptions were made for the formation of gradient on the surface of substrate: (i) the dissociation and ionization of SF6 plasma in the vacuum chamber followed the diffusion‐adsorption‐reaction processes and (ii) the fluorine radicals were the principle reactive species. The computation of the numerical solutions was facilitated by the finite element method. The simulated surface fluorine content and surface wettability matched exceptionally (≈95%) with the experimental results. The numerical evaluation of the spatial distribution of plasma reactive species in the mask in y‐ and z‐directions and t‐domain also assisted the understanding of the surface interactions on the gradients.magnified image
Type IIB asymptotically Lifshitz black holes
Authors: Amado I. , Faedo A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe present the first black hole solutions with Lifshitz asymptotics found in string theory by using a consistent truncation of type IIB to four dimensions. These solutions are expected to be dual to models of strongly correlated electrons with anisotropic scale invariance with z = 2 at finite temperature. The Lifshitz black holes found display new interesting features that contrast with previous results in phenomenological models. In particular, they behave similarly to AdS‐Schwarzschild black holes: extremality is never reached and small black holes are thermodymanically unstable, signaling a Hawking‐Page like phase transition at low temperatures.
Flexible protein docking refinement using pose‐dependent normal mode analysis
Authors: Venkatraman Vishwesh , Ritchie David W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractModeling conformational changes in protein docking calculations is challenging. To make the calculations tractable, most current docking algorithms typically treat proteins as rigid bodies and use soft scoring functions that implicitly accommodate some degree of flexibility. Alternatively, ensembles of structures generated from molecular dynamics (MD) may be cross‐docked. However, such combinatorial approaches can produce many thousands or even millions of docking poses, and require fast and sensitive scoring functions to distinguish them. Here, we present a novel approach called “EigenHex,” which is based on normal mode analyses (NMAs) of a simple elastic network model of protein flexibility. We initially assume that the proteins to be docked are rigid, and we begin by performing conventional soft docking using the Hex polar Fourier correlation algorithm. We then apply a pose‐dependent NMA to each of the top 1000 rigid body docking solutions, and we sample and re‐score multiple perturbed docking conformations generated from linear combinations of up to 20 eigenvectors using a multi‐threaded particle swarm optimization algorithm. When applied to the 63 “rigid body” targets of the Protein Docking Benchmark version 2.0, our results show that sampling and re‐scoring from just one to three eigenvectors gives a modest but consistent improvement for these targets. Thus, pose‐dependent NMA avoids the need to sample multiple eigenvectors and it offers a promising alternative to combinatorial cross‐docking. Proteins 2012; © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.