bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rescue Therapy for Acute Migraine, Part 1: Triptans, Dihydroergotamine, and Magnesium
Authors: Kelley Nancy E. , Tepper Deborah E. 
Published: December 2011

Objective.— To review and analyze published reports on the acute treatment of migraine headache with triptans, dihydroergotamine (DHE), and magnesium in emergency department, urgent care, and headache clinic settings.Methods.— MEDLINE was searched using the terms “migraine” and “emergency,” and “therapy” or “treatment.” Reports from emergency department and urgent care settings that involved all routes of medication delivery were included. Reports from headache clinic settings were included only if medications were delivered by a parenteral route.Results.— Acute rescue treatment studies involving the triptans were available for injectable and nasal sumatriptan, as well as rizatriptan. Effectiveness varied widely, even when the pain‐free and pain‐relief statistics were evaluated separately. As these medications are known to work best early in the migraine, part of this variability may be attributed to the timing of triptan administration.Multiple studies compared triptans with anti‐emetics, dopamine antagonists, and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. The overall percentage of patients with pain relief after taking sumatriptan was roughly equivalent to that recorded with droperidol and prochlorperazine. Sumatriptan was equivalent to DHE when only paired comparisons were performed.While the data extracted suggest that magnesium may be effective in treating all symptoms in patients experiencing migraine with aura across all migraine patients, its effectiveness seems to be limited to treating only photophobia and phonophobia.Conclusions.— Although there are relatively few studies involving health‐care provider‐administered triptans or DHE for acute rescue, they appear to be equivalent to the dopamine antagonists for migraine pain relief. The relatively rare inclusion of a placebo arm and the frequent use of combination medications in active treatment arms complicate the comparison of single agents with each other.
The Nephroprotective Effect of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid on Ischaemia/Reperfusion‐Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Gao Xiang , Fu Lili , Xiao Min , Xu Chenggang , Sun Lijun , Zhang Tong , Zheng Feng , Mei Changlin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is very high, and multiple physiopathological processes are involved, including endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is an endogenous bile acid derivative that has been reported to inhibit ERS. To determine whether TUDCA had a nephroprotective effect on AKI and to explore the exact mechanism, an ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced AKI mouse model and a tunicamycin‐pre‐treated TCMK‐1 cell model were established. It was found that the renal tubular necrosis score and cell apoptosis index reached their peak 24 hr after I/R. GRP78 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression and Caspase 12 activation were enhanced, reaching their peaks at 4 and 12 hr, respectively. TUDCA intervention not only decreased the renal tubular necrosis score and the cell apoptosis index but also down‐regulated GRP78 and CHOP expression and Caspase 12 activation. The survival rate of TCMK‐1 cells pre‐treated with TUDCA was significantly higher than that of TCMK‐1 cells without TUDCA pre‐treatment. In conclusion, TUDCA had a nephroprotective effect on IR‐induced AKI by inhibiting ERS and by blocking GRP78 and CHOP expression, reducing Caspase 12 activation and inhibiting cell apoptosis.
The use of haemostatic gelatin sponges in veterinary surgery
Authors: Charlesworth T. M. , Agthe P. , Moores A. , Anderson D. M 
Published: December 2011

Objectives: To describe the use of absorbable gelatin sponges as haemostatic implants in clinical veterinary surgical cases and to document any related postoperative complications.Methods: Practice databases were searched for the product names “Gelfoam” and “Spongostan”. Patient records were retrieved and data regarding patient signalment, surgical procedure, National Resource Council (NRC) wound classification, source of haemorrhage, pre‐ and postoperative body temperature, postoperative complications, time to discharge and details of any postoperative imaging were recorded and reviewed. Follow‐up information was obtained by repeat clinical examination or telephone interview with either the owner or referring veterinary surgeon. Cases with incomplete surgical records or those which were not recovered from anaesthesia were excluded from the analysis.Results: Fifty cases (44 dogs and 6 cats) satisfied the inclusion criteria. Satisfactory haemostasis was achieved in 49 cases with one case requiring reoperation during which a second gelatin sponge was used. There were no detected hypersensitivity responses or confirmed postoperative complications relating to the use of gelatin sponges during the follow‐up period (median 13 months).Clinical Significance: This is the first review of the use of gelatin sponges in clinical veterinary surgery and suggests that gelatin sponges are safe to use in cats and dogs.
Geology and Hydrothermal Alteration of the Duobuza Gold‐Rich Porphyry Copper District in the Bangongco Metallogenetic Belt, Northwestern Tibet
Authors: LI Guangming , LI Jinxiang , QIN Kezhang , DUO Ji , ZHANG Tianping , XIAO Bo , ZHAO Junxing 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe Duobuza gold‐rich porphyry copper district is located in the Bangongco metallogenetic belt in the Bangongco‐Nujiang suture zone south of the Qiangtang terrane. Two main gold‐rich porphyry copper deposits (Duobuza and Bolong) and an occurrence (135 Line) were discovered in the district. The porphyry‐type mineralization is associated with three Early Cretaceous ore‐bearing granodiorite porphyries at Duobuza, 135 Line and Bolong, and is hosted by volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Middle Jurassic Yanshiping Formation and intermediate‐acidic volcanic rocks of the Early Cretaceous Meiriqie Group. Simultaneous emplacement and isometric distribution of three ore‐forming porphyries is explained as multi‐centered mineralization generated from the same magma chamber. Intense hydrothermal alteration occurs in the porphyries and at the contact zone with wall rocks. Four main hypogene alteration zones are distinguished at Duobuza. Early‐stage alteration is dominated by potassic alteration with extensive secondary biotite, K‐feldspar and magnetite. The alteration zone includes dense magnetite and quartz‐magnetite veinlets, in which Cu‐Fe‐bearing sulfides are present. Propylitic alteration occurs in the host basic volcanic rocks. Extensive chloritization‐silicification with quartz‐chalcopyrite or quartz‐molybdenite veinlets superimposes on the potassic alteration. Final‐stage argillic alteration overlaps on all the earlier alteration. This alteration stage is characterized by destruction of feldspar to form illite, dickite and kaolinite, with accompanying veinlets of quartz + chalcopyrite + pyrite and quartz + pyrite assemblages. Cu coexists with Au, which indicates their simultaneous precipitation. Mass balance calculations show that ore‐forming elements are strongly enriched during the above‐mentioned three alteration stages.
Efficacy of Sitafloxacin-Based Rescue Therapy for Helicobacter pylori after Failures of First- and Second-Line Therapies
Authors: Matsuzaki Juntaro , Suzuki Hidekazu , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Hirata Kenro , Tsugawa Hitoshi , Saito Yoshimasa , Okada Sawako , Fukuhara Seiichiro , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTSitafloxacin-based triple therapy achieved 83.6% (per-protocol) and 78.2% (intention-to-treat) success in eradicatingHelicobacter pyloriamong 78 Japanese patients after clarithromycin-based first-line and metronidazole-based second-line triple therapies failed. Eradication succeeded in 32 out of 43 patients, even withgyrAmutation-positiveHelicobacter pylori(per protocol). The position of thegyrAmutation (N87 or D91) was determined to be a better marker than MIC levels for predicting outcomes of sitafloxacin-based treatment.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Double-Stranded RNA Virus from Avocado
Authors: Villanueva Francisco , Sabanadzovic Sead , Valverde Rodrigo A. , Navas-Castillo Jesús 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

A number of avocado (
Persea americana
) cultivars are known to contain high-molecular-weight double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules for which a viral nature has been suggested, although sequence data are not available. Here we report the cloning and complete sequencing of a 13.5-kbp dsRNA virus isolated from avocado and show that it corresponds to the genome of a new species of the genus
Endornavirus
(family
Endornaviridae
), tentatively named
Persea americana
endornavirus (PaEV).
Preclinical Development of the Novel Chk1 Inhibitor SCH900776 in Combination with DNA-Damaging Agents and Antimetabolites
Authors: Montano Ryan , Chung Injae , Garner Kristen M. , Parry David , Eastman Alan 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Many anticancer agents damage DNA and arrest cell-cycle progression primarily in S or G2 phase of the cell cycle. Previous studies with the topoisomerase I inhibitor SN38 have shown the efficacy of the Chk1 inhibitor UCN-01 to overcome this arrest and induce mitotic catastrophe. UCN-01 was limited in clinical trials by unfavorable pharmacokinetics. SCH900776 is a novel and more selective Chk1 inhibitor that potently inhibits Chk1 and abrogates cell-cycle arrest induced by SN38. Like UCN-01, abrogation of SN38-induced arrest enhances the rate of cell death but does not increase overall cell death. In contrast, SCH900776 reduced the growth-inhibitory concentration of hydroxyurea by 20- to 70-fold. A similar magnitude of sensitization was observed with cytarabine. A 5- to 10-fold sensitization occurred with gemcitabine, but no sensitization occurred with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, or 6-thioguanine. Sensitization occurred at hydroxyurea concentrations that marginally slowed DNA replication without apparent activation of Chk1, but this led to dependence on Chk1 that increased with time. For example, when added 18 hours after hydroxyurea, SCH900776 induced DNA double-strand breaks consistent with rapid collapse of replication forks. In addition, some cell lines were highly sensitive to SCH900776 alone, and these cells required lower concentrations of SCH900776 to sensitize them to hydroxyurea. We conclude that some tumors may be very sensitive to the combination of SCH900776 and hydroxyurea. Delayed administration of SCH900776 may be more effective than concurrent treatment. SCH900776 is currently in phase I clinical trials, and these results provide the rationale and schedule for future clinical trials. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(2); 427–38. ©2011 AACR.
CEP-28122, a Highly Potent and Selective Orally Active Inhibitor of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase with Antitumor Activity in Experimental Models of Human Cancers
Authors: Cheng Mangeng , Quail Matthew R. , Gingrich Diane E. , Ott Gregory R. , Lu Lihui , Wan Weihua , Albom Mark S. , Angeles Thelma S. , Aimone Lisa D. , Cristofani Flavio , Machiorlatti Rodolfo , Abele Cristina , Ator Mark A. , Dorsey Bruce D. , Inghirami Giorgio , Ruggeri Bruce A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is constitutively activated in a number of human cancer types due to chromosomal translocations, point mutations, and gene amplification and has emerged as an excellent molecular target for cancer therapy. Here we report the identification and preclinical characterization of CEP-28122, a highly potent and selective orally active ALK inhibitor. CEP-28122 is a potent inhibitor of recombinant ALK activity and cellular ALK tyrosine phosphorylation. It induced concentration-dependent growth inhibition/cytotoxicity of ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and neuroblastoma cells, and displayed dose-dependent inhibition of ALK tyrosine phosphorylation in tumor xenografts in mice, with substantial target inhibition (&gt;90%) for more than 12 hours following single oral dosing at 30 mg/kg. Dose-dependent antitumor activity was observed in ALK-positive ALCL, NSCLC, and neuroblastoma tumor xenografts in mice administered CEP-28122 orally, with complete/near complete tumor regressions observed following treatment at doses of 30 mg/kg twice daily or higher. Treatment of mice bearing Sup-M2 tumor xenografts for 4 weeks and primary human ALCL tumor grafts for 2 weeks at 55 or 100 mg/kg twice daily led to sustained tumor regression in all mice, with no tumor reemergence for more than 60 days postcessation of treatment. Conversely, CEP-28122 displayed marginal antitumor activity against ALK-negative human tumor xenografts under the same dosing regimens. Administration of CEP-28122 was well tolerated in mice and rats. In summary, CEP-28122 is a highly potent and selective orally active ALK inhibitor with a favorable pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic profile and robust and selective pharmacologic efficacy against ALK-positive human cancer cells and tumor xenograft models in mice. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(3); 670–9. ©2011 AACR.
Quality of Mobile Air Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure Observations from the 2010 Development Test Environment Experiment
Authors: Anderson Amanda R. S. , Chapman Michael , Drobot Sheldon D. , Tadesse Alemu , Lambi Brice , Wiener Gerry , Pisano Paul 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe 2010 Development Test Environment Experiment (DTE10) took place from 28 January to 29 March 2010 in the Detroit, Michigan, metropolitan area for the purposes of collecting and evaluating mobile data from vehicles. To examine the quality of these data, over 239 000 air temperature and atmospheric pressure observations were obtained from nine vehicles and were compared with a weather station set up at the testing site. The observations from the vehicles were first run through the NCAR Vehicle Data Translator (VDT). As part of the VDT, quality-checking (QCh) tests were applied; pass rates from these tests were examined and were stratified by meteorological and nonmeteorological factors. Statistics were then calculated for air temperature and atmospheric pressure in comparison with the weather station, and the effects of different meteorological and nonmeteorological factors on the statistics were examined. Overall, temperature measurements showed consistent agreement with the weather station, and there was little impact from the QCh process or stratifications—a result that demonstrated the feasibility of collecting mobile temperature observations from vehicles. Atmospheric pressure observations were less well matched with surface validation, the degree of which varied with the make and model of vehicle. Therefore, more work must be done to improve the quality of these observations if atmospheric pressure from vehicles is to be useful.
Counting on commitment; the quality of primary care-led diabetes management in a system with minimal incentives
Authors: Mc Hugh Sheena , Marsden Paul , Brennan Carmel , Murphy Katie , Croarkin Celine , Moran Joe , Harkins Velma , Perry Ivan J 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
The aim of the present study was to assess the performance of three primary care-led initiatives providing structured care to patients with Type 2 diabetes in Ireland, a country with minimal incentives to promote the quality of care.

Methods
Data, from three primary care initiatives, were available for 3010 adult patients with Type 2 diabetes. Results were benchmarked against the national guidelines for the management of Type 2 diabetes in the community and results from the National Diabetes Audit (NDA) for England (2008/2009) and the Scottish Diabetes Survey (2009).

Results
The recording of clinical processes of care was similar to results in the UK however the recording of lifestyle factors was markedly lower. Recording of HbA1c, blood pressure and lipids exceeded 85%. Recording of retinopathy screening (71%) was also comparable to England (77%) and Scotland (90%). Only 63% of patients had smoking status recorded compared to 99% in Scotland while 70% had BMI recorded compared to 89% in England. A similar proportion of patients in this initiative and the UK achieved clinical targets. Thirty-five percent of patients achieved a target HbA1c of < 6.5% (< 48 mmol/mol) compared to 25% in England. Applying the NICE target for blood pressure (≤ 140/80 mmHg), 54% of patients reached this target comparable to 60% in England. Slightly less patients were categorised as obese (> 30 kg/m2) in Ireland (50%, n = 1060) compared to Scotland (54%).

Conclusions
This study has demonstrated what can be achieved by proactive and interested health professionals in the absence of national infrastructure to support high quality diabetes care. The quality of primary care-led diabetes management in the three initiatives studied appears broadly consistent with results from the UK with the exception of recording lifestyle factors. The challenge facing health systems is to establish quality assurance a responsibility for all health care professionals rather than the subject of special interest for a few.
Estimation of Potential Precipitation From an Equilibrated Calcium Carbonate Aqueous Phase Using Simple Predictive Tool
Authors: Bahadori Alireza 
Published: December 2011

Summary
Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in saline aquifers has been proposed as one of the most practical options for reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Massive CO2 injection into an aquifer would alter the geochemical equilibrium between the rock-forming minerals and the formation water. In this work, a novel and simple predictive tool is presented to estimate the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scaling as a function of pH, temperature, ionic strength of the solution, calcium cation concentration, bicarbonate anion concentration, and CO2 mole fraction when the water mixture is saturated with a gas containing CO2 to evaluate the effect of solution conditions on the tendency and extent of precipitation. The proposed simple method covers concentrations of calcium cation or bicarbonate anion in the range of 10 to 10 000 mg/L, with temperature ranging between 5 and 90°C, total ionic strength ranging between 0.1 and 3.6, and pH values ranging between 5.5 and 8. The predicted values are found to be in good agreement with the reported data, with average absolute deviations being less than 2.6%. The proposed tool is superior because of its accuracy and clear numerical background based on the Vandermonde matrix, wherein the relevant coefficients can be retuned quickly if more data become available in the future. The simple predictive tool proposed in the paper can be of immense practical value for engineers and researchers to have a quick check on the formation of calcium carbonate scaling when the water mixture is saturated with a gas containing CO2 at various conditions without opting for any experimental measurements. In particular, process engineers would find the proposed method to be user friendly, involving no complex expressions and presenting transparent calculations.
Carbon Sequestration From Waste Through Conversion to Charcoal: Equipment for a Small-Scale Operation
Authors: Gupta Subodh , Struyk Arnoud , Gilbert Denis 
Published: December 2011

Summary
Carbon emitted on account of our continued use of fossil fuel can be offset using carbon capture and storage (CCS). The technology for this exists, but the economics of it is context dependent, and CCS has shown itself to be not very cost effective in oil sands. Committing to the large-scale sequestration projects needed without properly considering alternatives can prove costly at both the economic and social levels. Charcoal sequestration, discussed earlier by Gupta (2010), provides a few advantages, such as being less costly and lacking any post-operation liabilities. Above all, it is reversible, allowing flexibility of policy and operation and avoiding long-term or large-scale commitments.
The economics of the charcoal approach mainly depend on two factors—the cost of the feed biomass and the cost of processing. The first of these is addressed by using municipal waste as feedstock, which can be available free of charge. Expectedly, the cost of processing, the second factor, depends on the apparatus and the scale of operation.
In this paper, the authors discuss the benefits and drawbacks of prominent traditional and modern apparatus used for conversion of biomass to charcoal and describe a simple and pragmatic apparatus that could be assembled relatively easily for a small-scale operation such as processing industrial-camp-generated solid organic waste.
Offsetting carbon in this manner obviously can be a good way to initiate demonstration projects for the charcoal-sequestration approach because it also helps with waste management. These demonstration projects in turn will help evaluate various aspects of this novel method of sequestration and enhance public awareness on the subject, which in turn will help society make an informed choice to embark on a correct course of action for atmospheric carbon abatement. Additionally, in light of the growing per capita waste worldwide, use of municipal waste as feedstock for charcoal sequestration can be a significant measure of carbon offset at global scale in its own right.
On Interaction Buckling in Platform Conductors
Authors: Adams A.J.. J. 
Published: December 2011

Summary
For more than 30 years, the design of platform and jackup conductors has been based on Stahl and Baur's famous hypothesis that internal string loads do not contribute to buckling (Stahl and Baur 1983). It is a vital result, allowing significant weight and cost savings. However, no derivation was ever given, and the result has remained a folk theorem: widely used, but never proved. The industry has, therefore, been at risk should the result prove to be a severe approximation, or to have unduly restrictive assumptions and/or limitations. This paper provides a rigorous proof of the hypothesis. It shows that it is an approximation, though an acceptable one, and gives a thorough exposition of its meaning, assumptions, and limitations. Finally, it derives the exact counterpart of Stahl and Baurs’ result. The improved result gives minor weight and cost savings.