bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecohydrology in a human‐dominated landscape
Authors: Jackson Robert B. , Jobbágy Esteban G. , Nosetto Marcelo D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAs the earth becomes a quilt of managed patches, ecohydrologists need to move from describing to predicting the consequences of human activities, using knowledge to improve human well‐being. We highlight three current opportunities in ecohydrology. The first is the need for stronger research in arid and semi‐arid ecosystems, where water is scarce and a tight coupling exists between hydrology and ecology. The second is to build better predictive frameworks for understanding the consequences of vegetation change. The new framework we propose here combines landscape connectivity, through recharge and discharge dynamics, with global climate. In systems where annual precipitation and evapotranspiration are similar, the evapotranspirative differences of altered vegetation can quickly tip the water balance between positive and negative, fundamentally altering water flows and biogeochemistry. The third opportunity is to use simplified agricultural systems to build and test ecohydrological theory. Such systems function under the same biophysical rules but are often better controlled and replicated than more natural ecosystems. Resolving today's controversies requires sound ecohydrological science in a world where the influences of people are increasingly universal. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self Humidifying Hybrid Anion–Cation Membrane Fuel Cell Operated Under Dry Conditions
Authors: Ünlü M. , Zhou J. , Kohl P. A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHybrid fuel cells composed of a low‐pH proton conductive membrane in contact with a high‐pH anion conductive membrane were investigated. The effect of relative humidity (RH), ionomer content in the anion‐conductive electrode and the inlet gas flow rates were evaluated. The formation of water at the junction of the anion conductive member and proton conductive membrane is especially interesting because it can self‐humidify the fuel cell when dry gases are used. In situ alternative current (AC) impedance spectroscopy was used as a diagnostic tool to understand the performance limitations under different test conditions. The cell output increased at low RH compared to a traditional proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The cell current under dry conditions was limited by the availability of oxygen in the catalyst sites due to flooding in the electrode layer. The ionomer fraction of the high‐pH cathode plays a significant role in the cell performance. At high gas feed rates, water removal from the electrode layers increased and mitigated the effects of flooding. The hybrid cells were operated at steady‐state operation at 0.58 V and 200 mA cm–2 using dry H2/O2 feeds at 80 °C.
Differential vesicular distribution and trafficking of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and their inhibitors in astrocytes
Authors: Sbai Oualid , Ould‐Yahoui Adlane , Ferhat Lotfi , Gueye Yatma , Bernard Anne , Charrat Eliane , Mehanna Ali , Risso Jean‐Jacques , Chauvin Jean‐Paul , Fenouillet Emmanuel , Rivera Santiago , Khrestchatisky Michel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAstrocytes play an active role in the central nervous system and are critically involved in astrogliosis, a homotypic response of these cells to disease, injury, and associated neuroinflammation. Among the numerous molecules involved in these processes are the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of zinc‐dependent endopeptidases, secreted or membrane‐bound, that regulate by proteolytic cleavage the extracellular matrix, cytokines, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, and plasma membrane receptors. MMP activity is tightly regulated by the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), a family of secreted multifunctional proteins. Astrogliosisin vivoand astrocyte reactivity inducedin vitroby proinflammatory cues are associated with modulation of expression and/or activity of members of the MMP/TIMP system. However, nothing is known concerning the intracellular distribution and secretory pathways of MMPs and TIMPs in astrocytes. Using a combination of cell biology, biochemistry, fluorescence and electron microscopy approaches, we investigated in cultured reactive astrocytes the intracellular distribution, transport, and secretion of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and TIMP‐2. MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 demonstrate nuclear localization, differential intracellular vesicular distribution relative to the myosin V and kinesin molecular motors, and LAMP‐2‐labeled lysosomal compartment, and we show vesicular secretion for MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and their inhibitors. Our results suggest that these proteinases and their inhibitors use different pathways for trafficking and secretion for distinct astrocytic functions. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of age‐related degeneration on regenerative potential of human nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Yang Shu‐Hua , Lin Chen‐Chiang , Hu Ming‐Hsiao , Shih Tiffany Ting‐Fang , Sun Yuan‐Hui , Lin Feng‐Huei 
Published: September 2009

AbstractNucleus pulposus (NP) cells, sourced from herniation surgeries, may be used as a cell‐based therapy for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. But, both the regenerative potential of these degenerative adult NP cells and how to stimulate optimum matrix synthesis is not yet clear. The purpose of the current study was to understand the different phenotypic behaviors between degenerative adult NP cells and normal adolescent NP cells. Degenerative adult NP cells produced a significantly higher amount of proteoglycans and collagens than adolescent cells. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 was the only anabolic cytokine with increased endogenous expression in degenerative adult NP cells. TGF‐β1 treatment of degenerative NP cells promoted matrix synthesis but stimulated too much type I collagen and suppressed type II collagen and aggrecan. Adult degenerative NP cells possess upregulated regenerative potential, but stimulation in addition to TGF‐β1 is needed to enhance matrix productivity and optimize the collagen expression profile. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:379–383, 2010
Polarised IR and Raman spectra of non‐centrosymmetric Na3Li(MoO4)2· 6H2O crystal—a new Raman laser material
Authors: Hanuza J. , Ma̧czka M. , Lorenc J. , Kaminskii A. A. , Bohaty L. , Becker P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPolarised IR and Raman spectra of Na3Li(MoO4)2· 6H2O single crystal were measured. Discussion of the results is based on the factor group approach for the trigonal R 3c(C3v6) space group with Z = 2. The assignment of the observed bands was performed on the basis of their polarisation behaviour and literature data. The obtained results for the spontaneous Raman scattering were used in the analysis of the stimulated Raman spectra of the material studied—a new Raman laser crystal. The promoting modes of the stimulated effect were identified. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopy of the basic copper arsenate mineral: euchroite
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Čejka Jiří , Sejkora Jiří , Plášil Jakub , Bahfenne Silmarilly , Palmer Sara J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRaman spectroscopy complemented with infrared spectroscopy was used to study the molecular structure of the mineral euchroite, a mineral involved in a complex set of equilibria between the copper hydroxy arsenates: euchroite Cu2(AsO4)(OH)·3H2O → olivenite Cu2(AsO4)(OH) → strashimirite Cu8(AsO4)4(OH)4·5H2O → arhbarite Cu2Mg(AsO4)(OH)3. The Raman bands observed at 848 and 768 cm−1 are assigned to the ν1 and ν3 (AsO4)3− stretching vibrations. Two Raman bands at 358 and 385 cm−1 are attributed to the ν2 (AsO4)3− bending mode and two Raman bands at 441 and 474 cm−1 to the ν4 AsO43− bending modes. Two sharp Raman bands are observed at 3470 and 3537 cm−1 and are attributed to the stretching vibrations of hydroxyl units. A comparison of the Raman spectrum of euchroite is made with the other copper hydroxy arsenate minerals including strashimirite, olivenite, cornubite, and cornwallite. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absorption of anthocyanins through intestinal epithelial cells – Putative involvement of GLUT2
Authors: Faria Ana , Pestana Diogo , Azevedo Joana , Martel Fátima , de Freitas Victor , Azevedo Isabel , Mateus Nuno , Calhau Conceição 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAnthocyanins bioavailability is a major issue regarding their biological effects and remains unclear due to few data available on this matter. This work aimed to evaluate the absorption of anthocyanins at the intestine using Caco‐2 cells. Anthocyanin extract, rich in malvidin‐3‐glucoside, was obtained from red grape skins and tested on Caco‐2 cells. The absorption of anthocyanins, in absence or presence of 1% ethanol, was detected by HPLC/DAD/LC‐MS. Our results showed that this transport was significantly increased in the presence of ethanol especially after 60 min of incubation. In addition, cells that were pretreated for 96 h with anthocyanins (200 μg/mL) showed an increase of their own transport (about 50% increase). Expression of glucose transporters sodium‐dependent glucose transporter 1, facilitative glucose transporters 5, and facilitative glucose transporters 2 was assessed by RT‐PCR. It was found that facilitative glucose transporters 2 expression was increased (60%) in Caco‐2 cells pretreated with anthocyanins, by comparison with controls. When the effect of anthocyanin extract on3H‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose uptake was tested, an inhibitory effect was observed (about 60% decrease). However, the malvidin aglycone was tested and had no effect. In conclusion, anthocyanins could be absorbed through Caco‐2 cells, and can interfere with their own transport and also with glucose intestinal uptake.
Assessment of the effects of cellular tissue properties on ADC measurements by numerical simulation of water diffusion
Authors: Harkins Kevin D. , Galons Jean‐Philippe , Secomb Timothy W. , Trouard Theodore P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), as measured by diffusion‐weighted MRI, has proven useful in the diagnosis and evaluation of ischemic stroke. The ADC of tissue water is reduced by 30‐50% following ischemia and provides excellent contrast between normal and affected tissue. Despite its clinical utility, there is no consensus on the biophysical mechanism underlying the reduction in ADC. In this work, a numerical simulation of water diffusion is used to predict the effects of cellular tissue properties on experimentally measured ADC. The model indicates that the biophysical mechanisms responsible for changes in ADC postischemia depend upon the time over which diffusion is measured. At short diffusion times, the ADC is dependent upon the intrinsic intracellular diffusivity, while at longer, clinically relevant diffusion times, the ADC is highly dependent upon the cell volume fraction. The model also predicts that at clinically relevant diffusion times, the 30‐50% drop in ADC after ischemia can be accounted for by cell swelling alone when intracellular T2 is allowed to be shorter than extracellular T2. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pattern recognition of MRSI data shows regions of glioma growth that agree with DTI markers of brain tumor infiltration
Authors: Wright Alan J. , Fellows G. , Byrnes T. J. , Opstad K. S. , McIntyre D. J. O. , Griffiths J. R. , Bell B. A. , Clark C. A. , Barrick T. R. , Howe F. A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractGliomas are the most common primary brain tumors and the majority are highly malignant, with one of the worst prognoses for patients. Gliomas are characterized by invasive growth into normal brain tissue that makes complete surgical resection and accurate radiotherapy planning extremely difficult. We have performed independent component analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging data from human gliomas to segment brain tissue into tumor core, tumor infiltration, and normal brain, with confirmation by diffusion tensor imaging analysis. Our data are consistent with previous studies that compared anomalies in isotropic and anisotropic diffusion images to determine regions of potential glioma infiltration. We show that coefficients of independent components can be used to create colored images for easy visual identification of regions of infiltrative tumor growth. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The molecular underpinning of lobular histological growth pattern: a genome‐wide transcriptomic analysis of invasive lobular carcinomas and grade‐ and molecular subtype‐matched invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type
Authors: Weigelt Britta , Geyer Felipe C , Natrajan Rachael , Lopez‐Garcia Maria A , Ahmad Amar S , Savage Kay , Kreike Bas , Reis‐Filho Jorge S 
Published: September 2009

AbstractInvasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the most frequent special type of breast cancer. The majority of these tumours are of low histological grade, express hormone receptors, and lack HER2 expression. The pleomorphic variant of ILCs (PLCs) is characterized by atypical cells with pleomorphic nuclei and is reported to have an aggressive clinical behaviour. Expression profiling studies have demonstrated that classic ILCs preferentially display a luminal phenotype, whereas PLCs may be of luminal, HER2 or molecular apocrine subtypes. The aims of this study were two‐fold: to determine the transcriptomic characteristics of lobular carcinomas and to define the genome‐wide transcriptomic differences between classic ILCs and PLCs. To define the transcriptomic characteristics of ILCs, minimizing the impact of histological grade and molecular subtype on the analysis, we subjected a series of grade‐ and molecular subtype‐matched ILCs and invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) to genome‐wide gene expression profiling using oligonucleotide microarrays. Hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated that ILCs formed a separate cluster and a supervised analysis revealed that 5.8% of the transcriptionally regulated genes were significantly differentially expressed in ILCs compared to grade‐ and molecular subtype‐matched IDCs. ILCs displayed down‐regulation of E‐cadherin and of genes related to actin cytoskeleton remodelling, protein ubiquitin, DNA repair, cell adhesion, TGF‐beta signalling; and up‐regulation of transcription factors/immediate early genes, lipid/prostaglandin biosynthesis genes, and cell migration‐associated genes. Supervised analysis of classic ILCs and PLCs demonstrated that less than 0.1% of genes were significantly differentially expressed between these tumour subtypes. Our results demonstrate that ILCs differ from grade‐ and molecular subtype‐matched IDCs in the expression of genes related to cell adhesion, cell‐to‐cell signalling, and actin cytoskeleton signalling. However, classic ILCs and PLCs are remarkably similar at the molecular level and should be considered as part of a spectrum of lesions. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization with pegfilgrastim compared to filgrastim in children and young adults with malignancies
Authors: Fritsch Peter , Schwinger Wolfgang , Schwantzer Gerold , Lackner Herwig , Sovinz Petra , Wendelin Gerald , Benesch Martin , Sipurzynski Sabine , Urban Christian 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundPegfilgrastim, the long acting agent of rh‐GCSF, has been shown to be as effective as Filgrastim in children undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy by reducing the duration of neutropenia. Recent studies in adults have also shown that Pegfilgrastim is effective to mobilize CD34+ stem cells, resulting in earlier peripheral stem cell collections (PSCC). The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of Pegfilgrastim with Filgrastim for CD34+ stem cell mobilization in children.ProcedureThree groups of patients were compared: Group 1: six patients with Ewing Sarcoma stimulated with Filgrastim; Group 2: five patients with Ewing Sarcoma, Ependymoma, and Neuroblastoma; Group 3: four patients with relapsed neoplasm. Patients of Group 2 and 3 were stimulated with Pegfilgrastim followed by peripheral stem cell collection. Two patients in Group 3 needed further cytokine stimulation with Filgrastim combined with stem cell factor, Ancestim.ResultsIn Groups 1–3, a median of 4, 3, and 3 PSCC between day 12–24, 6–13, and 8–30 were performed, yielding a median of 14.2, 24.0, and 10.3 × 106 CD34+ stem cells/kg BW, respectively.ConclusionsGroup 2 data show that stem cell mobilization with Pegfilgrastim in children when performed during primary or without previous long lasting chemotherapy seems to produce earlier CD34+ peaks and better CD34+ yields than in Group 1. CD34+ cell mobilization with Pegfilgrastim in Group 3‐patients with previous long lasting chemotherapy was possible. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:134–137. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentiation of cultivation sources of Ganoderma lucidum by NMR‐based metabolomics approach
Authors: Wen He , Kang Sunmi , Song Youngmin , Song Yonghyun , Sung Sang Hyun , Park Sunghyouk 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIntroduction – Ganoderma lucidum is a widely used and high‐value medicinal natural product. Correct identification of its cultivation source is important for proper quality assurance, but is so far mostly dependent on subjective morphological examinations.Objective – To develop an efficient way of discriminating the cultivation sources of Ganoderma lucidum, particularly those from Korea and China, the two major sources of the mushroom using NMR‐based metabolomic differentiation.Methodology – Ganoderma lucidum samples were collected from Korea (26 samples) and China (20 samples), and their NMR spectra were obtained. The raw data were processed, and analysed using multivariate statistical analysis.Results – Although conventional principal component analysis showed some overlaps, orthogonal projections to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) provided clean distinction between samples from the two countries. Contributing signals were also identified using S‐plot, and further verified with independent t‐test. Final validation of the model was obtained using prediction test of the unknowns, where the model predicted all of the 14 test samples correctly. Distinction between the cultivation sources within China was also established.Conclusion – The easiness and transferability of our NMR‐based approach should contribute to addressing an important aspect of quality control process of Ganoderma lucidum. We believe the method can be easily applied to other herbal medical products. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Value of religious care for relief of psycho‐existential suffering in Japanese terminally ill cancer patients: the perspective of bereaved family members
Authors: Ando Michiyo , Kawamura Ryo , Morita Tatsuya , Hirai Kei , Miyashita Mitsunori , Okamoto Takuya , Shima Yasuo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective: This study aimed to clarify the experience of bereaved family members of cancer patients regarding the usefulness of religious care (perceived usefulness). The value of this care to palliate psycho‐existential suffering in future patients was also examined (predicted usefulness).Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 592 bereaved family members of cancer patients who were admitted to certified palliative care units in Japan. Responses were obtained from 378 families, indicating whether the patient received religious care, the perceived usefulness of the care, and its predicted usefulness for palliation of psycho‐existential suffering.Results: About 25% (N=83) indicated that the patient had received religious care, whereas 75% (N=255) had not received it. Families of patients who had received religious care evaluated pastoral care workers (86%), religious services (82%), and religious music (80%) as ‘very useful’ or ‘useful’. Families predicted usefulness of religious care for future patients: attending a religious service (very useful or useful, 56%; not useful or harmful, 44%), a religious atmosphere (48%, 52%), meeting with a pastoral care worker (50%, 50%), and religious care by physicians (26%, 74%), and nurses (27%, 73%). Families with a religion were significantly more likely to rate religious care as useful for future patients.Conclusions: Families of patients who received religious care generally evaluated this care to be very useful or useful. For future patients, some families felt that religious care would be useful, but some did not. In Japan, religious care is more likely to provide benefits to patients who have a religion. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structure of a 3B3 variant—A broadly neutralizing HIV‐1 scFv antibody
Authors: Clark K. Reed , Walsh Scott T. R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe present the crystal structure determination of an anti‐HIV‐1 gp120 single‐chain variable fragment antibody variant, 3B3, at 2.5 Å resolution. This 3B3 variant was derived from the b12 antibody, using phage display and site‐directed mutagenesis of the variable heavy chain (VH) complementary‐determining regions (CDRs). 3B3 exhibits enhanced binding affinity and neutralization activity against several cross‐clade primary isolates of HIV‐1 by interaction with the recessed CD4‐binding site on the gp120 envelope protein. Comparison with the structures of the unbound and bound forms of b12, the 3B3 structure closely resembles these structures with minimal differences with two notable exceptions. First, there is a reorientation of the CDR‐H3 of the VH domain where the primary sequences evolved from b12 to 3B3. The structural changes in CDR‐H3 of 3B3, in light of the b12‐gp120 complex structure, allow for positioning an additional Trp side chain in the binding interface with gp120. Finally, the second region of structural change involves two peptide bond flips in CDR‐L3 of the variable light (VL) domain triggered by a point mutation in CDR‐H3 of Q100eY resulting in changes in the intramolecular hydrogen bonding patterning between the VL and VH domains. Thus, the enhanced binding affinities and neutralization capabilities of 3B3 relative to b12 probably result from higher hydrophobic driving potential by burying more aromatic residues at the 3B3‐gp120 interface and by indirect stabilization of intramolecular contacts of the core framework residues between the VL and VH domains possibly through more favorable entropic effect through the expulsion of water.