bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Tarzan and National Geographic: The Politics and Poetics of Presenting African Diasporic Cultures on the Mall
Authors: Thompson Krista A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
At the Festival of American Folklife, presenters are key mediators between culture bearers and festival visitors, fostering, in theory, dialogic cultural exchange. Examining the African Immigrant Folklife Program (1997), I evaluate the successes and failures of the presenter’s position and the specific challenges of presenting African diasporic cultures at the festival. This first scholarly investigation of this key role concludes that many visitors overlook the presenters as they visually consume the sights on the Mall.
Legendry and the Rhetoric of Truth
Authors: Oring Elliott 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The genre of legend has long been defined in relation to truth and belief, and legend scholars have noted some of the devices that serve to establish legend credibility. In fact, legend employs an extensive rhetoric in establishing its truth, and this essay aims to provide a comprehensive description of the tropes of this rhetoric in terms of Aristotle’s categories of persuasion: ethos, logos, and pathos. Illustrations of these tropes are presented with a discussion of their characteristics. Scholarly attempts to define the legend genre might abandon truth and belief as criteria in favor of a performance of truth realized with this rhetoric.
Grove Street Grimm: Grand Theft Auto and Digital Folklore
Authors: Miller Kiri 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This article investigates the "Grand Theft Auto" videogame series in order to demonstrate the potential of a folkloristic, ethnographic approach for the analysis of digital games. I discuss "Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas" as a story collection, a frame for performance, a virtual museum of vernacular culture, and a widely circulated pop culture artifact whose double-voiced aesthetic has given rise to diverse interpretive communities. This case study suggests that digital gameplay should be regarded as a form of performance practice with the capacity to invoke traditional folkloric genres and engender new traditions.
Pond-Women Revelations: The Subaltern Registers in Maithil Women’s Expressive Forms
Authors: Davis Coralynn V. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Ponds are ubiquitous in the Maithil region of Nepal, and they figure prominently in folk narratives and ceremonial paintings produced by women there. I argue that in Maithil women’s folktales, as in their paintings, the trope of ponds shifts the imaginative register toward women’s perspectives and the importance of women’s knowledge and influence in shaping Maithil society, even as this register shift occurs within plots featuring male protagonists. I argue further that in the absence of a habit of exegesis in their expressive arts, and given the cross-referential, dialogic nature of expressive practices, a methodology that draws into interpretive conversation the multitude of expressive forms exercised by Maithil women enhances analytical access to Maithil women’s collective perspectives on their social and cosmological worlds.
Running Again, Roasting Again, Touching Again: On Repetition, Heightened Affective Expressivity, and the Utility of the Notion of Linguaculture in Navajo and Beyond
Authors: Webster Anthony K. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This article analyzes a Coyote narrative told by John Watchman to Edward Sapir in Navajo. While it has been widely documented that Navajo curing ways are tightly organized by the use of repetition, there has been far less investigation of repetition in other genres of Navajo verbal art. This article shows that the use of pairing and the semeliterative aspect create a sense of completion in Watchman’s narrative. It is argued that repetition may occur in a variety of Navajo genres of verbal art, but that it may serve differing rhetorical functions there. Ethnopoetic structuring is therefore an expression of linguaculture (the overlapping of language and culture). To return to these texts then allows one to place such narratives within the contexts of the linguaculture of which they are a part.
Resveratrol Inhibits Neuronal Apoptosis and Elevated Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Activity in Diabetic Mouse Retina
Authors: Kim Young-Hee , Kim Yoon-Sook , Kang Sang-Soo , Cho Gyeong-Jae , Choi Wan-Sung 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE
This study investigated the effects of resveratrol, a natural polyphenol with neuroprotective properties, on retinal neuronal cell death mediated by diabetes-induced activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6 mice by five consecutive intraperitoneal injections of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Control mice received buffer. All mice were killed 2 months after the injections, and the extent of neuronal cell death, CaMKII, and phospho-CaMKII protein expression levels and CaMKII kinase activity were examined in the retinas. To assess the role of CaMKII in the death of retinal neurons, a small-interfering RNA (siRNA) or specific inhibitor of CaMKII was injected into the right vitreous humor, and vehicle only was injected into the left vitreous humor, 2 days before death. Resveratrol (20 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage daily for 4 weeks, beginning 1 month after the fifth injection of either STZ or buffer.

RESULTS
The death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), CaMKII, phospho-CaMKII protein levels, and CaMKII activity were all greatly increased in the retinas of diabetic mice compared with controls, 2 months after induction of diabetes. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive signals co-localized with CaMKII- and phospho-CaMKII immunoreactive RGCs. However, in addition to CaMKII knockdown and inhibition by siRNA or a specific inhibitor, respectively, resveratrol provided complete protection from diabetes-induced retinal cell death.

CONCLUSIONS
In the present study, resveratrol prevented diabetes-induced RGC death via CaMKII downregulation, implying that resveratrol may have potential therapeutic applications for prevention of diabetes-induced visual dysfunction.
Risks of Overweight and Abdominal Obesity at Age 16 Years Associated With Prenatal Exposures to Maternal Prepregnancy Overweight and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Pirkola Jatta , Pouta Anneli , Bloigu Aini , Hartikainen Anna-Liisa , Laitinen Jaana , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Vääräsmäki Marja 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE
The associations of prenatal exposures to maternal prepregnancy overweight and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with offspring overweight are controversial. Research estimating risk for offspring overweight due to these exposures, separately and concomitantly, is limited.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity at age 16 years and odds ratios (ORs) for prenatal exposures to maternal prepregnancy overweight and GDM were estimated in participants of the prospective longitudinal Northern Finland Birth Cohort of 1986 (N = 4,168).

RESULTS
The prevalence and estimates of risk for overweight and abdominal obesity were highest in those exposed to both maternal prepregnancy overweight and GDM (overweight prevalence 40% [OR 4.05], abdominal obesity prevalence 25.7% [3.82]). Even in offspring of mothers with a normal oral glucose tolerance test during pregnancy, maternal prepregnancy overweight is associated with increased risk for these outcomes (overweight prevalence 27.9% [2.56], abdominal obesity prevalence 19.5% [2.60]). In offspring of women with prepregnancy normal weight, the prevalence or risks of the outcomes were not increased by prenatal exposure to GDM. These estimates of risk were adjusted for parental prepregnancy smoking, paternal overweight, and offspring sex and size at birth.

CONCLUSIONS
Maternal prepregnancy overweight is an independent risk factor for offspring overweight and abdominal obesity at age 16 years. The risks are highest in offspring with concomitant prenatal exposure to maternal prepregnancy overweight and GDM, whereas the risks associated with GDM are only small.
Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Disease in 7,454 Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Eeg-Olofsson Katarina , Cederholm Jan , Nilsson Peter M. , Zethelius Björn , Svensson Ann-Marie , Gudbjörnsdóttir Soffia , Eliasson Björn 
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE
We assessed the association between A1C and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in an observational study of patients with type 1 diabetes followed for 5 years.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 7,454 patients were studied from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (aged 20–65 years, diabetes duration 1–35 years, followed from 2002 to 2007).

RESULTS
Hazard ratios (HRs) for fatal/nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD) per 1% unit increase in baseline or updated mean A1C at Cox regression analysis were 1.31 and 1.34 and 1.26 and 1.32, respectively, for fatal/nonfatal CVD (all P &lt; 0.001 after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes duration, blood pressure, total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, BMI, smoking, and history of CVD). HRs were only slightly lower for CHD (P = 0.002) and CVD (P = 0.002–0.007) after also adjusting for albuminuria. Adjusted 5-year event rates of CHD and CVD increased progressively with higher A1C, ranging from 5 to 12%, as well as when subgrouped by shorter (1–20 years) or longer (21–35 years) duration of diabetes. A group of 4,186 patients with A1C 5–7.9% (mean 7.2) at baseline showed risk reductions of 41% (95% confidence intervals: 15–60) (P = 0.005) for fatal/nonfatal CHD and 37% (12–55) (P = 0.008) for CVD, compared with 3,268 patients with A1C 8–11.9% (mean 9.0), fully adjusted also for albuminuria.

CONCLUSIONS
This observational study of patients in modern everyday clinical practice demonstrates progressively increasing risks for CHD and CVD with higher A1C, independently of traditional risk factors, with no J-shaped risk curves. A baseline mean A1C of 7.2% showed considerably reduced risks of CHD and CVD compared with A1C 9.0%, emphasizing A1C as a strong independent risk factor in type 1 diabetes.
Prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a rat model: efficacy comparison between cabergoline and meloxicam
Authors: SAYLAN ARIF , ARIOZ DAGISTAN TOLGA , KOKEN TULAY , DILEK HUSNIYE , SAYLAN FILIZ , YILMAZER MEHMET 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjective. To compare the efficacy of cabergoline (Cb2) and meloxicam in curbing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Design. Randomized controlled, animal study. Setting. Academic facility. Sample. We used a total of 50 immature Wistar female rats randomly to create an experimental OHSS model. Methods. Ten rats each formed the control group and mild OHSS group. The remaining 30 were separated into three equal groups of severe OHSS. Mild and severe OHSS were induced through ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins. One group with severe OHSS was administered a low‐dose 100 μg/kg Cb2 therapy; another group with severe OHSS received 600 μg/kg meloxicam. Body weight, vascular permeability (VP), VEGF expression, ovary weight, and diameter were then compared. Main outcome measures. The efficacy of Cb2 and meloxicam for preventing OHSS. Results. Comparison of the severe OHSS groups with the controls and mild OHSS group revealed significant increases in VEGF expression, VP, ovary weight, and diameter. The increase in VEGF expression was demonstrated to be dependent on human chorionic gonadotropin doses. However, low‐dose Cb2 and meloxicam therapies were shown to be ineffective in decreasing VEGF expression and VP, ovary weight, and ovary diameter in severe OHSS. Conclusions. VEGF elevation played a critical part in OHSS pathogenesis, but the therapies administered failed to curb VEGF expression.
Provision of contraception: a survey among primary care physicians in Finland
Authors: SANNISTO TUIRE , KOSUNEN ELISE 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjective. To investigate self‐reported practices of contraceptive provision among primary care physicians. Design. A cross‐sectional questionnaire study. Setting. All community health centers (n = 63) in an university hospital area in Western Finland. Sample and methods. A total of 122 health center physicians involved in contraceptive counseling (CC) were invited to participate in self‐administered survey. Data were obtained on initiation of contraceptive methods and the limits and contraindications applied when prescribing combined hormonal contraception (CHC), and they were assessed against Finnish and WHO guidelines. Main outcome measures. Distribution of initiated contraceptive methods and of examinations and tests included, application of limits and contraindications in relation to age, smoking, body mass index or weight, blood pressure (BP) and migraine with aura when prescribing CHC (combined oral contraceptives (COCs), vaginal ring and contraceptive patch). Results. Responded physicians (n = 83.68%) said they most frequently prescribed the COC pill. Progestin‐only pills, levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system and copper‐releasing intrauterine device were also provided regularly. Most of the respondents routinely took numerous examinations and tests when initiating contraception, including also unnecessary ones. There were gaps in their knowledge about the limits and contraindications for CHC. For example, 41% of the respondents did not recognize migraine with aura as a contraindication and only 19% reported applying the recommended BP limit of 140/90 mmHg. Conclusions. The range of contraceptives available and examinations and tests offered were comprehensive. However, the inadequate procedures regarding assessment of contraindications for CHC suggests that updating CC practices is challenging in primary care.
Lifetime trajectory of physical activity according to energy expenditure and joint force
Authors: Ratzlaff Charles R. , Doerfling Paul , Steininger Gavin , Koehoorn Mieke , Cibere Jolanda , Liang Matt , Wilson David R. , Esdaile John , Kopec Jacek 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a method for estimating lifetime hip and knee cumulative joint force using survey data on physical activity, and to construct and describe lifetime trajectories of energy expenditure and hip and knee joint force.MethodsExposure data on lifetime physical activity, including type (occupational, household, and recreation) and dose (frequency, intensity, and duration), were collected from a Canada‐wide population study of adults ages ≥45 years. Subjects were ranked in 2 ways: in terms of physical activity–related energy expenditure and in terms of a cumulative peak force index (CPFI) for the hip and knee, which is a measure of lifetime exposure and is a time/joint force product involving years of force and subject bodyweight. A relative joint loading index was calculated as the ratio of joint force (CPFI score) to energy expenditure.ResultsA total of 4,269 subjects completed the baseline measurements. Lifetime energy expenditure and hip and knee CPFI scores were higher for occupational and household activity than sport. The mean lifetime energy expenditure from total physical activity in the study sample was 119.1 metabolic equivalent‐hours/week. Women had slightly higher total lifetime energy expenditure and CPFI scores than men. The relative joint loading index was highest for male household and sport activity and lowest for female occupational activity.ConclusionLifetime cumulative hip/knee joint force trajectories were successfully constructed from survey data and followed expected trends. Comparing energy expenditure with joint force revealed variation by age, sex, and activity type, indicating these measures may help distinguish the numerous benefits of physical activity from possible risks.
Validity of the disease activity score in undifferentiated arthritis
Authors: Fransen Jaap , Visser Karen , van Dongen Henrike , Huizinga Tom , van Riel Piet L. C. M. , van der Heijde Désirée M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo study whether the Disease Activity Score (DAS) is a valid measure of disease activity in undifferentiated arthritis (UA).MethodsData from a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of methotrexate (MTX) and placebo involving 110 patients with UA were used. Data included baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, as well as diagnosis at 18 months. Validity of the DAS was analyzed using factor analysis, correlations with disease activity variables, correlations with changes in disability and joint damage, differences in DAS between diagnoses, and detecting the difference between placebo and MTX.ResultsThree disease activity factors were retrieved from the disease activity variables: patient reported outcomes, tender and swollen joints, and acute phase reactants. The DAS had its highest correlations (r > 0.77) with tender joint counts, followed by swollen joint counts (r > 0.63) and patient reported outcomes (r > 0.30), but the DAS correlated less with C‐reactive protein levels (r = 0.32). Over time, the DAS was related to the Health Assessment Questionnaire response with an odds ratio of 4.1 (95% confidence interval 2.1–8.0), but not with change in joint damage. At 18 months, the mean DAS was 2.6 for rheumatoid arthritis patients, 2.2 for UA patients, and 1.9 for patients in remission (P = 0.001). The DAS discriminated better than all single variables between MTX and placebo, with a Guyatt's effect size of 0.89.ConclusionThe DAS appears to be a reasonably valid measure of disease activity for use in UA clinical trials.
An Environmentally Benign, Highly Efficient Catalytic Reduction of p‐Nitrophenol using a Nano‐Sized Nickel Catalyst Supported on Silica‐Alumina
Authors: El Maksod Islam Hamdy Abd , Hegazy Eman. Z. , Kenawy Sayed. H. , Saleh Tamer S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA green and effective method is reported for the reduction of p‐nitrophenol to p‐aminophenol using a nano‐sized nickel catalyst supported on silica‐alumina in the presence of hydrazine hydrate as an alternative source of hydrogen. It was found that nickel loaded on a silica‐alumina support is a very effective catalyst in the hydrogenation of p‐nitrophenol to p‐aminophenol. Thus it attained 100% conversion in only 69 seconds instead of 260 seconds for commercial Raney nickel. In addition, the possibility to reuse it more than one time with great efficiency gives it another advantage over commercial Rainey nickel which cannot be used more than once. This economical and environmentally friendly method provides a potentially new approach for the synthesis of the intermediate product of paracetamol in industry, which overcomes the drawbacks of the known reduction methods. The prepared catalysts were fully characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and electron spin resonance (ESR) tehniques.
(η6‐Arene)ruthenium(N‐heterocyclic carbene) Complexes for the Chelation‐Assisted Arylation and Deuteration of Arylpyridines: Catalytic Studies and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Prades Amparo , Poyatos Macarena , Peris Eduardo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA series of (η6‐arene)ruthenium complexes have been tested in the arylation of arylpyridines. One (η6‐p‐cymene)ruthenium(N‐heterocyclic carbene) complex (labelled as 1 in the text) was found to be the most effective, being capable of arylating a wide set of substantially different arylpyridines. Complex 1 is also able to promote the regioselective deuteration of a series of arylated N‐heterocycles, via a nitrogen‐directed mechanism. Two of the deuterated amines were used to measure the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) in the arylation process. The detection of an inverse KIE, together with the observation that the CH activation process does not require the addition of a base, suggest that the rate‐limiting step in the arylation process may be different to that of previously reported studies.
Development of a dual‐color, double fusion FISH assay to detect RPN1/EVI1 gene fusion associated with inv(3), t(3;3), and ins(3;3) in patients with myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Shearer Brandon M. , Sukov William R. , Flynn Heather C. , Knudson Ryan A. , Ketterling Rhett P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractApproximately 2–3% of adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia harbor a rearrangement of RPN1 (at 3q21) and EVI1 (at 3q26.2) as inv(3)(q21q26.2), t(3;3)(q21;q26.2), or ins(3;3)(q26.2;q21q26.2). The most recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification has designated AML with inv(3) or t(3;3) and associated RPN1/EVI1 fusion, as a distinct AML subgroup associated with an unfavorable prognosis. We have created a dual color, double fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization (D‐FISH) assay to detect fusion of the RPN1 and EVI1 genes. A blinded investigation was performed using 30 normal bone marrow samples and 51 bone marrow samples from 17 patients with inv(3)(q21q26.2), 11 patients with t(3;3)(q21;q26.2), and one patient with ins(3;3)(q26.2;q21q26.2) previously defined by chromosome analysis. The unblinded results indicated abnormal RPN1/EVI1 fusion results in 30 (97%) of 31 samples from the inv(3)(q21q26.2) group including seven bone marrow samples for which chromosome analysis was unsuccessful or failed to detect an inv(3)(q21q26.2). Abnormal FISH results were detected in 14 (88%) of 16 samples with t(3;3)(q21;q26.2) and in the sole sample with an ins(3;3)(q26.2;q21q26.2). All 30 negative controls were normal and were used to establish a normal cutoff of 0.6% for the typical abnormal D‐FISH signal pattern. Overall, this D‐FISH assay was more accurate than chromosome analysis and based on the normal cutoff of 0.6%, this assay can be used for minimal residual disease detection and disease monitoring in patients with RPN1/EVI1 fusion. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermally induced phase separation in liquid crystalline polymer/polycarbonate blends
Authors: Lee Kam‐Wa D. , Chan Philip K. , Kamal Musa R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThermally induced phase separation in liquid crystalline polymer (LCP)/polycarbonate (PC) blends was investigated in this study. The LCP used is a main‐chain type copolyester comprised of p‐hydroxybenoic acid and 6‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid. Specimens for microscopic observation were prepared by melt blending. The specimens were heated to a preselected temperature, at which they were held for isothermal phase separation. The preselected temperatures used in this study were 265, 290, and 300°C. The LCP contents used were 10, 20, and 50 wt %. These parameters corresponded to different positions on the phase diagram of the blends. The development of the phase‐separated morphology in the blends was monitored in real time and space. It was observed that an initial rapid phase separation was followed by the coarsening of the dispersed domains. The blends developed into various types of phase‐separated morphology, depending on the concentration and temperature at which phase separation occurred. The following coarsening mechanisms of the phase‐separated domains were observed in the late stages of the phase separation in these blends: (i) diffusion and coalescence of the LCP‐rich droplets; (ii) vanishing of the PC‐rich domains following the evaporation‐condensation mechanism; and (iii) breakage and shrinkage of the LCP‐rich domains. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010