bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of resistance in maize silks to the corn earworm
Authors: Wiseman B. R. , Bondari K. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), is a perennial economic pest of field crops in the United States. Maize, Zea mays L., is the major host crop promoting the build‐up of devastating corn earworm populations that limit full production of cotton, soybean, peanut, and grain sorghum. Resistance to the corn earworm in maize and in particular sweet maize, would provide an environmentally safe, economical method of control for this pest insect. Antibiotic effects of corn silks on this insect are: small larvae, extended developmental period, and reduced fecundity. Silks from individual maize plants of resistant and susceptible lines and progeny in six generations consisting of parents (P1, P2), F1, F2, and backcrosses BC1.1 (F1 × P1) and BC1.2 (F1 × P2) from each of four crosses were used to determine the genetic basis of the antibiotic resistance of silks to the corn earworm. In the cross of Zapalote Chico × PI340856, genes controlling resistance in the silks to the corn earworm larvae are dominant in PI340856 to those in Zapalote Chico. The cross of Zapalote Chico × GT114 involves parents differing in degree of resistance, and possibly differing for the genetic mechanism by which the resistance is inherited. The inheritance of resistance may involve non‐additive (dominance and epistasis) genetic variance. A digenic 6‐parameter model indicated (1) the resistance in this cross is controlled by more than one pair of genes and (2) some or all of the genes interact to cause non‐allelic interaction. Thus, the resistance in this cross may be controlled by both dominant and recessive genes. The resistance of Zapalote Chico × CI64, an intermediate inbred, is influenced by additive gene effects. The digenic model adequately predicts all generation means of the cross of GT3 × PI340856 except for the F1. Thus, it appears that the additive‐dominance model is not satisfactory for this cross involving susceptible and resistant parents. Generation mean analysis indicates that resistance to silk‐feeding by corn earworm larvae is under genetic control, but gene action differs from one type of cross to another.
A highly sensitive detection for foot-and-mouth disease virus by gold nanopariticle improved immuno-PCR
Authors: Ding Yao-zhong , Liu Yong-sheng , Zhou Jian-hua , Chen Hao-tai , Wei Gang , Ma Li-na , Zhang Jie 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Backgroud
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most contagious of all artiodactyl animal diseases, and its infection has an obvious ability to spread over long distances and to contribute to epidemics in FMD-free areas. A highly sensitive and specific method is required to detect FMDV. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of a bio-barcode assay (BCA) technique for detecting clinical samples of FMDV.

Methods
Highly sensitive gold nanopariticle (GNP) improved immuno-PCR (GNP-IPCR) which derived from the bio-barcode assay (BCA) was designed for the detection of FMDV. The target viral particles were captured by a polyclonal antibody coated on ELISA microplate, followed by adding GNP which was dually modified with oligonucleotides and a FMDV specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) 1D11 to form a sandwiched immune complex. After the formation of immuno-complex, the signal DNA was released by heating, and consequently characterized by PCR and real time PCR.

Results
The detection limit of GNP-PCR could reach to 10 fg/ml purified FMDV particles, and the assay can detect clinical samples of FMDV with highly sensitivity, while detect limit of conventional ELISA is 100 ng/ml in this study.

Conclusion
GNP-IPCR may provide a highly sensitive method for the detection of FMDV.
HIV integrase variability and genetic barrier in antiretroviral naïve and experienced patients
Authors: Piralla Antonio , Paolucci Stefania , Gulminetti Roberto , Comolli Giuditta , Baldanti Fausto 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundHIV-1 integrase (IN) variability in treatment naïve patients with different HIV-1 subtypes is a major issue. In fact, the effect of previous exposure to antiretrovirals other than IN inhibitors (INI) on IN variability has not been satisfactorily defined. In addition, the genetic barrier for specific INI resistance mutations remains to be calculated.MethodsIN variability was analyzed and compared with reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) variability in 41 treatment naïve and 54 RT inhibitor (RTI) and protease inhibitor (PRI) experienced patients from subjects infected with subtype B and non-B strains. In addition, four HIV-2 strains were analyzed in parallel. Frequency and distribution of IN mutations were compared between HAART-naïve and RTI/PI-experienced patients; the genetic barrier for 27 amino acid positions related to INI susceptibility was calculated as well.ResultsPrimary mutations associated with resistance to INI were not detected in patients not previously treated with this class of drug. However, some secondary mutations which have been shown to contribute to INI resistance were found. Only limited differences in codon usage distribution between patient groups were found. HIV-2 strains from INI naïve patients showed the presence of both primary and secondary resistance mutations.ConclusionExposure to antivirals other than INI does not seem to significantly influence the emergence of mutations implicated in INI resistance. HIV-2 strain might have reduced susceptibility to INI.
Coexistence of a colon carcinoma with two distinct renal cell carcinomas: a case report
Authors: Papalampros Alexandros E , Petrou Athanasios S , Mantonakis Eleftherios I , Evangelou Konstantinos I , Giannopoulos Lambros A , Marinos Georgios G , Giannopoulos Athanasios L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Introduction
We present the case of a patient with two tumors in his left kidney and a synchronous colon cancer. While coexisting tumors have been previously described in the same kidney or the kidney and other organs, or the colon and other organs, to the best of our knowledge no such concurrency of three primary tumors has been reported in the literature to date.

Case presentation
A 72-year-old man of Greek nationality presenting with pain in the right hypochondrium underwent a series of examinations that revealed gallstones, a tumor in the hepatic flexure of the colon and an additional tumor in the upper pole of the left kidney. He was subjected to a right hemicolectomy, left nephrectomy and cholecystectomy, and his postoperative course was uneventful. Histopathology examinations showed a mucinous colon adenocarcinoma, plus two tumors in the left kidney, a papillary renal cell carcinoma and a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

Conclusion
This case underlines the need to routinely scan patients pre-operatively in order to exclude coexisting tumors, especially asymptomatic renal tumors in patients with colorectal cancer, and additionally to screen concurrent tumors genetically in order to detect putative common genetic alterations.
A rare case of t(11;22) in a mantle cell lymphoma like B-cell neoplasia resulting in a fusion of IGL and CCND1: case report
Authors: Krings Rocha Cristiano , Praulich Inka , Gehrke Iris , Hallek Michael , Kreuzer Karl-Anton 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe chromosomal translocation (11;14)(q13;q32) rearranging the locus for cyclin D1 (CCND1) to that of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) can be found in virtually all cases of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), while otherCCND1translocations are extremely rare. AsCCND1overexpression and activation is a hallmark of MCL it is regarded as a central biological mechanism in the development and maintenance of this disease.Here we present a patient initially diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) where chromosome banding analysis revealed, among other aberrations, a translocation (11;22)(q13;q11.2). We show by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis that on chromosome 22 the immunoglobulin light chain lambda (IGL) is involved in this cytogenetic aberration. Additionally, we demonstrate the resulting overexpression ofCCND1on the RNA and protein level, thereby consolidating the new diagnosis of a MCL-like B-cell neoplasia. Summing up, we described a rare case of t(11;22)(q13;q11.2) in a MCL-like neoplasia and showed that this aberration leads to an overexpression ofCCND1which is regarded as a key biological feature in MCL. This case underlines the importance of cytogenetic analyses especially in atypical cases of B cell lymphomas.
STIM1 as a key regulator for Ca2+ homeostasis in skeletal-muscle development and function
Authors: Kiviluoto Santeri , Decuypere Jean-Paul , De Smedt Humbert , Missiaen Ludwig , Parys Jan B. , Bultynck Geert 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Stromal interaction molecules (STIM) were identified as the endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensor controlling store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels in non-excitable cells. STIM proteins target Orai1-3, tetrameric Ca2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane. Structure-function analysis revealed the molecular determinants and the key steps in the activation process of Orai by STIM. Recently, STIM1 was found to be expressed at high levels in skeletal muscle controlling muscle function and properties. Novel STIM targets besides Orai channels are emerging.
Here, we will focus on the role of STIM1 in skeletal-muscle structure, development and function. The molecular mechanism underpinning skeletal-muscle physiology points toward an essential role for STIM1-controlled SOCE to drive Ca2+/calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-dependent morphogenetic remodeling programs and to support adequate sarcoplasmic-reticulum (SR) Ca2+-store filling. Also in our hands, STIM1 is transiently up-regulated during the initial phase of in vitro myogenesis of C2C12 cells. The molecular targets of STIM1 in these cells likely involve Orai channels and canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels TRPC1 and TRPC3. The fast kinetics of SOCE activation in skeletal muscle seem to depend on the triad-junction formation, favoring a pre-localization and/or pre-formation of STIM1-protein complexes with the plasma-membrane Ca2+-influx channels. Moreover, Orai1-mediated Ca2+ influx seems to be essential for controlling the resting Ca2+ concentration and for proper SR Ca2+ filling. Hence, Ca2+ influx through STIM1-dependent activation of SOCE from the T-tubule system may recycle extracellular Ca2+ losses during muscle stimulation, thereby maintaining proper filling of the SR Ca2+ stores and muscle function. Importantly, mouse models for dystrophic pathologies, like Duchenne muscular dystrophy, point towards an enhanced Ca2+ influx through Orai1 and/or TRPC channels, leading to Ca2+-dependent apoptosis and muscle degeneration. In addition, human myopathies have been associated with dysfunctional SOCE. Immunodeficient patients harboring loss-of-function Orai1 mutations develop myopathies, while patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy display alterations in their Ca2+-handling proteins, including STIM proteins. In any case, the molecular determinants responsible for SOCE in human skeletal muscle and for dysregulated SOCE in patients of muscular dystrophy require further examination.
Pressure Loading of Piezo Composite Unimorphs
Authors: Mane Poorna , Mossi Karla , Bryant Robert 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTOver the past decade synthetic jets have emerged as a promising means of active flow control. They have the ability to introduce small amounts of energy locally to achieve non-local changes in the flow field. These devices have the potential of saving millions of dollars by increasing the efficiency and simplifying fluid related systems. A synthetic jet actuator consists of a cavity with an oscillating diaphragm. As the diaphragm oscillates, jets are formed through an orifice in the cavity. This paper focuses on piezoelectric synthetic jets formed using two types of active diaphragms, Thunder® and Lipca. Thunder® is composed of three layers; two metal layers, with a PZT-5A layer in between, bonded with a polyimide adhesive. Lipca is a Light WeIght Piezo Composite Actuator, formed of a number of carbon fiber prepreg layers and an active PZT-5A layer. As these diaphragms oscillate, pressure differences within the cavity as well as average maximum jet velocities are measured. These parameters are measured under load and no-load conditions by controlling pressure at the back of the actuator or the passive cavity. Results show that the average maximum jet velocities measured at the exit of the active cavity, follow a similar trend to the active pressures for both devices. Active pressure and jet velocity increase with passive pressure to a maximum, and then decrease. Active pressure and the jet velocity peaked at the same passive cavity pressure of 18kPa for both diaphragms indicating that the same level of pre-stresses is present in both actuators even though Lipca produces approximately 10% higher velocities than Thunder®.
Temperature sensing based on optical transmission in a LiBr heat pump
Authors: Basurto-Pensado Miguel , Romero Rosenberg J. , Escobedo-Alatorre Jesús , Tecpoyotl-Torres Margarita , Jiménez-Heredia Aurelio H. , Sanchez-Mondragon Javier 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTA new technique, based on Optical Methods, has been tested for the evaluation of the lithium bromide (LiBr) concentration, a corrosive substance frequently used in heat pumps. Those solutions have large oxidizing capabilities. This technique avoids the direct contact between the electrodes and the LiBr aqueous solution within a thermodynamic absorption cycle. The viability of this technique in a potential commercial device, resides on its capability to detect working fluid concentrations within a temperature range from 25 °C up to 70 °C, those limiting temperature values correspond to the operating wavelengths of 1.33 μm and 1.55 μm, respectively. Our system determines the correlation among the signal and temperature data, for various concentrations, between 49 and 58 mass percentages. This function of two variables is represented as a surface with the transmittance, concentration and temperature as parameters and wavelength as reference. We discuss the adequate parameters characterization used in this technique.
Optical and Electrical Properties of Metal Nanoclusters Embedded in a Dielectric Medium
Authors: Dumas-Bouchiat Frédéric , Asad Syed Salman , Champeaux Corinne , Catherinot Alain , Crunteanu Aurelian Stanescu , Blondy Pierre 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWe present the synthesis and optical and electrical characterization of amorphous nanocomposite layers made of metallic nanoclusters embedded in an alumina (Al2O3) matrix (nc-M:Al2O3 with M= Ag, Cu and Co). The nanocomposites, obtained by a pulsed laser deposition (PLD)- derived method, exhibit specific optical plasma resonance absorption in the visible and UV region. The position of the absorption peaks depends on the cluster type and gives information about its dimension and nature (metal or oxide). The results fit well with the size and shape distribution recorded by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electrical properties and conduction mechanisms of nc-Co:Al2O3 layers were investigated for different doping levels and in temperature range of 303-473 K. It was concluded that space charge limited currents theory (SCLC) can be assumed as major conduction mechanism, at least for intermediate doping levels (∼9 vol.%).
Forward Active and Blocking Performance of 4H-SiC Bipolar Junction Transistors
Authors: Balachandran Santhosh , Chow T. Paul , Agarwal Anant 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWe evaluate the performance capabilities and limitations of high voltage 4H-SiC based Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs). Experimental forward characteristics of a 4kV BJT are studied and simulations are employed to determine the factors behind the higher than expected specific on-resistance (Ron,sp) for the device. The impact of material (minority carrier lifetimes), processing (surface recombination velocity) and design (p contact spacing from the emitter mesa) parameters on the forward active performance of this device are discussed and ways to lower Ron,sp, below the unipolar level, and increase the gain (β) are examined. A correlation between the open base blocking behavior (forward blocking) and the current gain (forward active) for 4H-SiC based high-voltage BJTs with lightly doped collector regions is presented and experimental device characteristics are utilized to verify our numerical analysis.
Electronic Acoustic Sensor
Authors: Bharti Vivek , DeRoos Fred L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Stethoscope (acoustic sensor) is a fundamental tool for the diagnosis of diseases and conditions of the cardiovascular (CV) system. It serves as the most commonly employed technique for diagnosis of such diseases and conditions in primary health care and in circumstances where sophisticated medical equipment is not available, such as remote areas. The piezoelectric sensor was used as an acoustic sensor. The sensitivity of the sensor was improved more than 20 times with our new design. The signal-to-noise ratio was further improved by using unique sensor housing and by using an electronic amplifier in the differential mode.
Ion Beam Modified Conducting Polymer Composites: Material for Gas Sensing
Authors: Singh Virendra , Kaur Manindar , Singh Tejvir , Chandra Amita , Srivastava Alok 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA polyaniline based conducting composite was prepared by oxidative polymerisation of aniline in presence of polyvinylchloride (PVC) matrix. The coherent free standing thin films of the composite were prepared by solution casting method. The PVC-polyaniline composite (90:10) of thickness 40 μm was irradiated with 90 MeV C5+ ions at different ion fluence ranging 5× 1011-5× 1013 ions/cm2. The changes in resistance of pristine and irradiated composite in presence of ammonia gas were studied. A general decrease in surface resistance is observed upon irradiation. The sensitivity, response time and recovery time were studied as a function of ion fluence on exposing the sensor material to ammonia gas at ambient condition. It is observed that irradiated composite films are more sensitive and fast in response to ammonia gas. The preliminary results observed are encouraging.
AFM Characterization of Electroactive Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Pérez Ricardo , Ounaies Zoubeida , Lillehei Peter , Harrison Joycelyn 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTAn AFM-based method is used to probe the electromechanical response of a polyimide-SWNT nanocomposite at the nanoscale level. Our previous investigations on bulk polyimide-SWNT nanocomposites using a fiber optic sensor-based method have shown that the nanocomposites are electroactive and exhibit a quadratic relationship between output displacement and input voltage. In the current study, the composites are probed at the nanoscale using the AFM in contact mode. One goal of the current study is to assess the AFM-based technique in measuring our nanocomposites and verifying their actuation. A second goal is to improve the methodology itself by characterizing a commercially available piezoelectric ceramic, PZT, and a commercially available piezoelectric polymer, PVDF. The experiments are conducted in contact mode under the application of a DC voltage. Values for the strain piezoelectric coefficients d33 are widely reported in the literature and consequently permit to calibrate the methodology applied in the present work.These findings, coupled with bulk film characterization will be used to shed light on the polyimide-SWNT interaction and its effect on the electroactive mechanism displayed by the nanocomposites.
Poly(Vinyldene Fluoride-Trifluoroethylene-Chlorofluoroethylene) Terpolymer as High-energy-density Capacitor Materials
Authors: Chu Baojin , Zhou Xin , Neese Bret , Zhang Q. M. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTRecently, PVDF-TrFE-CFE terpolymer was developed in Penn State University. The polymer exhibits relaxor ferroelectric behavior. At room temperature, the low-field dielectric constant can be as high as 50-60, more than ten times larger than other dielectric polymer materials, such as Polypropylene, the most widely-used polymer materials for capacitor applications. Due to the large change of electric field induced polarization and high breakdown field, energy density of the terpolymer can reach ∼10 J/cm3, much larger than other polymer materials. In this paper, experimental results on energy density and non-linear dielectric behavior of the terpolymer will be reported.
Spectroscopic Signature of Aging in δ-Pu(Ga)
Authors: Chung Brandon , Schwartz Adam , Ebbinghaus Bartley , Fluss Michael , Haslam Jeffrey , Blobaum Kerri , Tobin James 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPlutonium, because of its radioactive nature, ages from the “inside out” by means of self-irradiation damage and thus produces nanoscale internal defects. The self-irradiation induced defects come in the form of Frenkel-type defects (vacancies and self-interstitial atoms), helium in-growth, and defect clusters. At present there are neither experimental nor theoretical models describing the changes in the electronic structure caused by the aging in Pu. This fact appears to be associated primarily with the absence of reasonably convincing spectroscopic evidence of the changes. This paper demonstrates that Resonant Photoemission, a variant of Photoelectron Spectroscopy, has strong sensitivity to aging of Pu samples. The spectroscopic results are correlated with an extra-atomic screening model, and are shown to be the fingerprint of mesoscopic or nanoscale internal damage in the Pu physical structure. This means that a spectroscopic signature of internal damage due to aging in Pu has been established.
Isothermal δ / α′ Transformation and TTT Diagram in a Plutonium Gallium Alloy
Authors: Oudot Benoit Jean-Paul , Blobaum Kerri , Wall Mark , Schwartz Adam 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used as an alternative approach to determining the time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram for the martensitic delta to alpha-prime transformation in a Pu-2.0 at% Ga alloy. Previous work sugests that the TTT diagram for a similar alloy exhibits an unusual double-C curve for isothermal holds of less than 100 minutes. Here, we extend this diagram to 18 hours, and confirm the double-C curve behavior. When the sample is cooled prior to the isothermal holds, the delta to alpha-prime transformation is observed as several overlapping exothermic peaks. These peaks are very reproducible, and they are believed to be the result of different kinds of delta to alpha-prime martensitic transformation. This may be due to the presence of different nucleation sites and/or different morphologies.
Structural Chemistry of Thorium Iodates
Authors: Sullens Tyler A. , Almond Philip M. , Albrecht-Schmitt Thomas E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe hydrothermal reaction of Th(NO3)4·xH2O with I2O5 in the presence of KCl results in the crystallization of α-Th(IO3)4(H2O) and β-Th(IO3)4(H2O). The structure of αTh(IO3)4(H2O) is three-dimensional and contains Th4+ cations bound by iodate anions and a coordinating water, creating a tricapped trigonal prismatic environment around the thorium centers. βTh(IO3)4(H2O) is layered, and contains ThO9 units that are best described as capped square antiprisms. Crystallographic data: (193 K, MoKα, λ = 0.71073 Å): α-Th(IO3)4(H2O), monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 7.2335(3) Å, b = 24.6046(12) Å, c = 7.0150(3) Å, b = 112.1888(8)°, V = 1156.05(9), Z = 4, R(F) = 1.97%; βTh(IO3)4(H2O), monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 33.928(1) Å, b = 5.7466(2) Å, c = 12.4509(5) Å, b = 107.9896(7)°, V = 2308.8(1), Z = 8, R(F) = 1.63%.