bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationalization of taro germplasm collections in the Pacific Island region using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
Authors: Mace E. S. , Mathur P. N. , Izquierdo L. , Hunter D. , Taylor M. B. , Singh D. , DeLacy I. H. , Jackson G. V. H. , Godwin I. D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA regional (Oceania) core collection for taro germplasm has been developed based on phenotypic and molecular characterization. In total, 2199 accessions of taro germplasm have been collected byTaroGen(Taro Genetic Resources: Conservation and Utilisation) from 10 countries in Oceania: Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Palau, Niue, Tonga, Cook Islands and Samoa. Our objective was to select 10% from each country to contribute to a regional core. The larger collections from Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu and New Caledonia were analysed based on phenotypic characters, and a diverse subset representing 20% of these collections was fingerprinted. A diverse 20% subsample was also taken from the Solomon Islands. All accessions from the other six countries were fingerprinted. In total, 515 accessions were genotyped (23.4% overall) using taro specific simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. DNA fingerprint data showed that great allelic diversity existed in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Interestingly, rare alleles were identified in taros from the Solomon Islands province of Choiseul which were not observed in any of the other collections. Overall, 211 accessions were recommended for inclusion in the final regional core collection based on the phenotypic and molecular characterization.
An Experimental Model for Myocarditis and Congestive Heart Failure after Rabbit Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Edwards Suzanne , Small J. David , Geratz Joachim Dieter , Alexander Lorraine K. , Baric Ralph S. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
In a model for virus-induced myocarditis and congestive heart failure, rabbit coronavirus infection was divided into acute (days 2–5) and subacute (days 6–12) phases on the basis of day of death and pathologic findings. During the acute phase, the principal histologic lesions were degeneration and necrosis of myocytes, myocytolysis, interstitial edema, and hemorrhage. The severity of these changes increased in the subacute phase. Pleural effusion and congestion of the lungs and liver were also present at this time. Myocarditis was detected by day 9 and peaked by day 12. Heart weights and heart weight-to-body weight ratios were increased, and dilation of the right ventricular cavity became prominent early in infection and persisted. In contrast, dilation of the left ventricle occurred late in the subacute stage. Virus was isolated from infected hearts between days 2 and 12. These data suggest that rabbit coronavirus infection progresses to myocarditis and congestive heart failure.
Electronic prescribing in an ambulatory care setting: a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Dainty Katie N. , Adhikari Neill K. J. , Kiss Alex , Quan Sherman , Zwarenstein Merrick 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Medication‐prescribing errors with adverse drug events impose substantial harms on patients and health systems. Medication errors resulting in preventable adverse drug events most commonly occur at the ordering stage. Electronic prescribing may prevent such errors but its impact has not been rigorously evaluated.Methods  We conducted a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial in academic hospital ambulatory clinics to evaluate the effects of a commercially available electronic prescribing software system on total prescription error ratio. Secondary outcomes included the number of callbacks for clarification from community pharmacies to physicians' clinics.Results  Twenty‐six physicians used the electronic prescribing system, writing 1980 prescriptions during 44 intervention weeks when the electronic prescribing system was available (7.6% of these were electronic, the remainder handwritten) and 973 prescriptions during 22 control weeks while the system was switched off (1.4% electronic, prescribed in the previous intervention week, but issued with delay). The total prescription error rate was 118/1980 (6.0%) in intervention weeks and 57/973 (5.9%) in control weeks (P = 0.91). During the intervention period more callbacks requesting clarification were made to clinic administrators (n = 83, 1.89 per week) than during control weeks (n = 32, 1.45 per week; P < 0.001).Conclusion  Implementation of the electronic prescribing system had no impact on total prescription error, and increased the callback rate. In spite of intensive user support, few prescriptions in intervention weeks were made using the electronic system. Given the costs, training requirements, workflow redesigns and regulatory hurdles, additional evaluations of outpatient prescribing on clinically important outcomes are needed.
Patterns and determinants of communal latrine usage in urban poverty pockets in Bhopal, India
Authors: Biran A. , Jenkins M. W. , Dabrase P. , Bhagwat I. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryObjectives  To explore and explain patterns of use of communal latrine facilities in urban poverty pockets.Methods  Six poverty pockets with communal latrine facilities representing two management models (Sulabh and municipal) were selected. Sampling was random and stratified by poverty pocket population size. A seventh, community‐managed facility was also included. Data were collected by exit interviews with facility users and by interviews with residents from a randomly selected representative sample of poverty pocket households, on social, economic and demographic characteristics of households, latrine ownership, defecation practices, costs of using the facility and distance from the house to the facility. A tally of facility users was kept for 1 day at each facility. Data were analysed using logistic regression modelling to identify determinants of communal latrine usage.Results  Communal latrines differed in their facilities, conditions, management and operating characteristics, and rates of usage. Reported usage rates among non‐latrine‐owning households ranged from 15% to 100%. There was significant variation in wealth, occupation and household structure across the poverty pockets as well as in household latrine ownership. Households in pockets with municipal communal latrine facilities appeared poorer. Households in pockets with Sulabh‐managed communal facilities were significantly more likely to own a household latrine. Determinants of communal facility usage among households without a latrine were access and convenience (distance and opening hours), facility age, cleanliness/upkeep and cost. The ratio of male to female users was 2:1 across all facilities for both adults and children.Conclusions  Provision of communal facilities reduces but does not end the problem of open defecation in poverty pockets. Women appear to be relatively poorly served by communal facilities and, cost is a barrier to use by poorer households. Results suggest improving facility convenience and access and modifying fee structures could lead to increased rates of usage. Attention to possible barriers to usage at household level associated particularly with having school‐age children and with pre‐school childcare needs may also be warranted.
False‐positive intercellular indirect immunofluorescence test due to anti‐blood group antibodies in a patient with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Authors: Li Weiping , Zhao Xiaoqing , Shi Ruofei , Wang Xuefeng , Zheng Jie 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe report a case of an epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) patient with a unique immunofluorescence pattern. The patient had pruritic erythematous plaques and tense blisters. Histopathological examination showed a subepidermal blister without acantholysis. Salt‐split direct immunofluorescence demonstrated clear linear IgG and C3 deposition along the dermal side of the basement membrane zone; this deposition is characteristic of EBA. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) using monkey esophagus mucosa as substrate showed intercellular IgG deposition throughout the epidermis, which suggested pemphigus. After absorption with erythrocytes of blood group AB, the patient’s serum showed no deposition in IIF. We reviewed the literatures regarding false‐positive intraepidermal immunofluorescence staining due to cross‐reactivity of ABO blood group antibodies and suggest that this possibility should be considered in cases with conflicting immunofluorescence patterns.
Sorafenib‐induced premalignant and malignant skin lesions
Authors: Williams Victoria L. , Cohen Philip R. , Stewart David J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose  To review characteristics of patients who develop premalignant and malignant skin lesions while on sorafenib therapy and discuss implications for subsequent treatment of their primary malignancies.Background  Sorafenib is a newly developed multitargeted protein kinase inhibitor reported to induce a variety of adverse cutaneous effects, rarely including actinic keratoses, keratocanthomas, and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs).Methods  Published reports of individuals who have developed cutaneous lesions demonstrating atypia of the epidermis are reviewed. In addition, a 77‐year‐old man who developed not only an SCC but also verrucas within one month of taking sorafenib monotherapy for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung is described.Results  Cutaneous lesions develop most commonly in Caucasian men older than 40 years without previous histories of skin cancer, within two weeks to three years of starting sorafenib therapy. Currently there is no definitive explanation for the relationship between sorafenib and cutaneous neoplasms. Management typically involves treatment of skin lesions with cryotherapy or excision with at least a brief discontinuation of sorafenib. In patients whose primary malignancies were responding well, sorafenib therapy was continued with close follow‐up.Conclusions  The possibility of rapidly developing actinic keratoses, keratocanthomas, verrucas, and SCC during treatment with sorafenib, warrants close dermatologic follow‐up and a lower threshold for biopsy and treatment of suspicious cutaneous lesions. Development of a sorafenib‐induced SCC is not an absolute contraindication for continued use of sorafenib therapy; however, the drug should be briefly discontinued until lesions are treated.
Combined liver–kidney transplantation in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Di Benedetto F. , D'Amico G. , De Ruvo N. , Cocchi S. , Montalti R. , Cautero N. , Guerrini G.P. , Ballarin R. , Spaggiari M. , Tarantino G. , Baisi B. , Cappelli G. , Codeluppi M. , Gerunda G.E. 
Published: March 2011

F. Di Benedetto, G. D'Amico, N. De Ruvo, S. Cocchi, R. Montalti, N. Cautero, G.P. Guerrini, R. Ballarin, M. Spaggiari, G. Tarantino, B. Baisi, G. Cappelli, M. Codeluppi, G.E. Gerunda. Combined liver–kidney transplantation in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 501–506. All rights reservedAbstract: Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been a major global health problem for almost 3 decades, with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in 1996 and effective prophylaxis and management of opportunistic infections, mortality from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has decreased markedly. In developed countries, this condition is now being treated as a chronic condition. As a result, rates of morbidity and mortality from other medical conditions leading to end‐stage liver, kidney, and heart disease are steadily increasing in individuals with HIV. Because the definitive treatment for end‐stage organ failure is transplantation, the demand for it has increased among HIV‐infected patients. For these reasons, many transplant centers have eliminated HIV infection as a contraindication to transplantation, as a result of better patient management and demand.
Hypercalcemia and pneumocystis Pneumonia after kidney transplantation: report of an exceptional case and literature review
Authors: Chatzikyrkou C. , Clajus C. , Haubitz M. , Hafer C. 
Published: March 2011

C. Chatzikyrkou, C. Clajus, M. Haubitz, C. Hafer. Hypercalcemia and pneumocystis pneumonia after kidney transplantation: report of an exceptional case and literature review. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 496–500. xx: 000–000. All rights reservedAbstract: Pneumocystis jirovecii remains an important pathogen in solid organ transplant recipients. Although the overall incidence may be decreasing, after the adoption of effective prophylactic measures, the risk has not been abolished, and pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) can be observed even many years after successful transplantation. Hypercalcemia develops frequently after renal transplantation and is commonly associated with preexisting secondary hyperparathyroidism. But the pathogenesis of hypercalcemia occurring later in the course of transplantation may be different, and other disease states, such as malignancy and opportunistic infections, must be considered. Hypercalcemia in conjunction with PCP is being increasingly reported in renal transplant patients. In all the cases, respiratory symptoms were prominent, hypercalcemia was of mild‐to‐moderate severity, parathyroid hormone concentration was decreased, and 1,25(OH)2D levels were extraordinarily or inappropriately high. We report the first case to our knowledge of severe hypercalcemia accompanying PCP, in a patient with previous total parathyroidectomy.
Die Bedeutung der westeuropäischen Rinderrassen für Ungarn unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Leistungen
Authors: von Vaszary Ladislaus 
Published: March 2011

Mit 5 Karten und 1 Abbildung.Inhalt: A. Die für die Rinderzucht gegebenen Verhältnisse in Ungarn. 1. Geologische und klimatische Verhältnisse. 2. Futterverhältnisse. 3. Betriebswirtschaftliche Verhältnisse: allgemeine Haltungs‐, Zucht‐ und Aufzuchtverhältnisse. 4. Absatzverhältnisse für tierische Erzeugnisse (Ein‐ und Ausfuhrstatistik) — B. Ungarns Rinderzucht im allgemeinen. 1. Geschichte und Entwicklung der ungarischen Rinderzucht. 2. Volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Rinderzucht in Ungarn. 3 Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Rinderzucht in Ungarn. — C. Die westeuropäischen Rinderrassen in ihrer Bedeutung für Ungarn, a) Die Reinzuchten der westeuropäischen Rinderrassen. 1. Das Berner Rind. 2. Das Simmentaler Rind in Ungarn. 3. Die graubraunen Gebirgsrassen (Brachyceros). 4. Das Niederungsvieh. 5. Die sonstigen Rassen, b) Die rotbunten Landschläge mit Simmentaler Charakter. 6. Der Bonyháder Landschlag. 7. Der Landschlag des Komitats Vas. 8. Der Moson‐Soproner Landschlag. 9. Der rotbunte Landschlag des Alfölds. 10. Der rotbunte Landschlag der Ipolygegend. — D. Schlußbetrachtung.
Response of sulfate‐reducing bacteria to an artificial oil‐spill in a coastal marine sediment
Authors: Suárez‐Suárez Ana , López‐López Arantxa , Tovar‐Sánchez Antonio , Yarza Pablo , Orfila Alejandro , Terrados Jorge , Arnds Julia , Marqués Silvia , Niemann Helge , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe , Amann Rudolf , Rosselló‐Móra Ramón 
Published: March 2011

SummaryIn situ mesocosm experiments using a calcareous sand flat from a coastal area of the island of Mallorca in the Mediterranean Sea were performed in order to study the response of sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) to controlled crude oil contamination, or heavy contamination with naphthalene. Changes in the microbial community caused by the contamination were monitored by a combination of comparative sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes, fluorescence in situ hybridization, cultivation approaches and metabolic activity rates. Our results showed that crude oil and naphthalene negatively influenced the total microbial community as the natural increase in cell numbers due to the seasonal dynamics was attenuated. However, both contaminants enhanced the sulfate reduction rates, as well as the culturability of SRB. Our results suggested the presence of autochthonous deltaproteobacterial SRBs that were able to degrade crude oil or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene in anaerobic sediment layers.
The impact of practice environment on laparoscopic colectomy utilization following colorectal residency: a survey of the ASCRS Young Surgeons
Authors: Steele Scott R. , Stein Sharon L. , Bordeianou Liliana G. , Johnson Eric , Herzig Dan O. , Champagne Bradley J. ,   on behalf of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons’ Young Surgeons Committee
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim  It is often thought that practice patterns are different in private (PP) vs university hospital (UH) settings. We aimed to describe the impact of practice environment on the type of laparoscopic colectomy procedures performed by graduating colorectal surgeons.Method  A review was carried out of prospectively gathered self‐reported questionnaire data. Graduates of American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons’ (ASCRS)‐approved colorectal residencies from 2004 to 2008 underwent an on‐line survey, developed by the ASCRS Young Surgeons’ Committee.Results  About 177 (52%) of 342 graduates surveyed responded. Practice setting data were available for 157 (89%) surgeons. Gender, geographical location and age were similar in both cohorts. PP surgeons utilized a laparoscopic approach more often for rectal cancer (37%vs 19%; P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in the rate of laparoscopic surgery in colon cancer, diverticular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, Clostridium difficile or emergency surgery. PP surgeons operated more often with a partner (43%vs 8%) or surgical assistant (13%vs 4%; both P < 0.001), while UH surgeons had a colorectal resident (10%vs 21%) or general surgery resident (15%vs 55%; both P < 0.001). Impediments to performing laparoscopic surgery for PP surgeons included a perceived lack of hospital equipment (33%vs 20%) and support (29%vs 17%; both P < 0.05). Perception of personal experience, access to trained assistants, financial reimbursement, length of surgery and patient availability were equivalent in both groups.Conclusion  While differences such as type of assistant and impediments to laparoscopic utilization exist between PP‐ and UH‐based practices, early laparoscopic practice patterns remain similar. PP surgeons more frequently perform laparoscopic resection for rectal cancer and with hand‐assistance. Despite differences, newly trained colorectal surgeons in both settings utilize and require laparoscopic skills.
It’s the procedure not the patient: the operative approach is independently associated with an increased risk of complications after rectal prolapse repair
Authors: Fleming F. J. , Kim M. J. , Gunzler D. , Messing S. , Monson J. R. T. , Speranza J. R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAim  This study compares 30‐day outcomes following rectal prolapse repair, examining potential surgical and patient factors associated with perioperative complications.Method  Using the NSQIP database, patients with rectal prolapse were categorized by surgical approach to repair (perineal or abdominal) and abdominal cases were further subdivided by procedure (resection compared with rectopexy alone). Univariate and multivariate analyses compared major and minor complication rates between the groups.Results  Of 1275 patients, the perineal group (n = 706, 55%) was older, with more comorbidity, than those undergoing an abdominal procedure. There were fewer minor (odd ratio (OR) = 0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.20–0.60; P = 0.0038) and major complications (OR = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.31–0.80; P = 0.0038) in the perineal compared with the abdominal cohort. There was a significant increase in major complications amongst patients undergoing a resection compared with rectopexy only (OR = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.10–4.41; P = 0.0299). There was no difference in major complications between abdominal rectopexy and a perineal approach, but the latter had a lower chance of minor complications (OR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.24–0.94; P = 0.0287).Conclusion  A perineal approach is safer than an abdominal approach to the treatment of rectal prolapse. Regarding an abdominal operation, rectopexy has fewer major complications than resection.
The experiences of children and their parents in paediatric diabetes services should inform the development of communication skills for healthcare staff (the DEPICTED Study)
Authors: Hawthorne K. , Bennert K. , Lowes L. , Channon S. , Robling M. , Gregory J. W. ,   on behalf of the DEPICTED Study team
Published: March 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 1103–1108 (2011)AbstractAims  The aims of this study were to describe users’ experience of paediatric diabetes services to inform development of an intervention to improve communication between staff and patients in secondary care within a wider study (the DEPICTED Study).Methods  Methods adapted for paediatric settings were used to set up six audio‐recorded focus discussion groups with a total of 32 participants. Transcriptions and notes were coded thematically (supported by NVivo software) and analytic themes developed with discussion between researchers.Results  Three main themes developed: the lack of two‐way conversation about glycaemic control in clinic settings; the restricting experience of living with diabetes; and the difficult interactions around diabetes the children had with their schools. Doctors in particular were seen as struggling to link these themes of everyday life in their consultations with children and their parents. Children felt marginalized in clinics, despite active involvement in their own blood glucose management at home.Conclusions  Health professionals need to balance a requirement for good glycaemic control with realism and appreciation of their patients’ efforts. There is a need for a systematic approach to consulting, in particular using agenda setting to ensure that the issues of both the patient and the professional are addressed. A framework for a conceptual approach is discussed. How a patient is involved is as important as what is communicated during a consultation.
Early introduction of root vegetables in infancy associated with advanced ß‐cell autoimmunity in young children with human leukocyte antigen‐conferred susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Virtanen S. M. , Takkinen H.‐M. , Nevalainen J. , Kronberg‐Kippilä C. , Salmenhaara M. , Uusitalo L. , Kenward M. G. , Erkkola M. , Veijola R. , Simell O. , Ilonen J. , Knip M. 
Published: March 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 965–971 (2011)AbstractAims  Early introduction of supplementary foods has been implicated to play a role in the development of ß‐cell autoimmunity. We set out to study the effects of breastfeeding and age at introduction of supplementary foods on the development of ß‐cell autoimmunity.Methods  A prospective birth cohort of 6069 infants with HLA‐DQB‐conferred susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes was recruited between 1996 and 2004. Antibodies against islet cells, insulin, glutamate dehydroxylase and islet antigen 2 were measured at 3‐ to 12‐month intervals. The families recorded at home the age at introduction of new foods and, for each visit, completed a structured dietary questionnaire. The endpoint was repeated positivity for islet cell antibodies plus at least one other antibody and/or clinical Type 1 diabetes (n = 265).Results  Early introduction of root vegetables (by the age of 4 months) was related to increased risk of developing positivity for the endpoint [hazard ratio (95% CI) for the earliest third 1.75 (1.11–2.75) and for the middle third 1.79 (1.22–2.62) compared with the last third (> 4 months), likelihood ratio test P = 0.006], independently of the introduction of other foods and of several putative socio‐demographic and perinatal confounding factors. Introducing wheat, rye, oats and/or barley cereals (P = 0.013) and egg (P = 0.031) early was related to an increased risk of the endpoint, but only during the first 3 years of life.Conclusions  Early introduction of root vegetables during infancy is independently associated with increased risk of ß‐cell autoimmunity among Finnish children with increased genetic susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes.