bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of mesic grasslands and their transitions of South Transdanubia (Hungary)
Authors: Lengyel Attila , Purger Dragica , Csiky János 
Published: February 2012

Classification of mesic grasslands and their transitions of South Transdanubia (Hungary)
Relevés from meadows and pastures of South Transdanubia (Hungary) are evaluated by clustering and ordination methods. The relevé selection focused on the Arrhenatheretalia order but its transitions towards other types were also included. The groups of relevés are delimited and described according to differential, dominant and constant species. Ecological conditions of the groups were compared using indicator values. Nine groups were distinguished, four of them belonging strictly to the order Arrhenatheretalia. Each alliance of Arrhenatheretalia presented in the study area (Cynosurion, Arrhenatherion) was represented by two groups. Groups from these two alliances are separated along a light gradient, while groups of the same alliance differ in nutrient values. Within Cynosurion, the nutrient-poor group cannot be identified unambiguously as any syntaxa previously known from Hungary. The nutrient-rich Cynosurion meadows are similar to Lolio-Cynosuretum, however, they show a stronger relationship with wet meadows. Within Arrhenatherion, Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum is recognised as a hay meadow of nutrient-rich soils. The other meadow type is similar to Filipendulo-Arrhenatheretum, thus raising syntaxonomical problems. There are transitional groups towards semi-dry andwet meadows, one dynamic phase and one outlier group among the other five clusters.
Reconstruction of the Switched Reluctance Motor Stator
Authors: El-Kharashi Eyhab , Hassanien Hany 
Published: February 2012

Reconstruction of the Switched Reluctance Motor Stator
The paper re-designs the conventional 6/8 switched reluctance motor (SRM) by a particular way to minimize the losses. The flux loops are shortened by making each two stator teeth incorporated in one magnetic circuit only. Subsequently the flux does not cross in some iron parts of the stator core backs. These unused iron sections are taken off consequently the iron losses decreased. Now the stator consists of three separated sections and they are fixed inside non-magnetic cylinder. The copper losses also are decreased because less copper windings are used to produce the same amount of the output torque as the flux paths become short then the flux density increases. The analysis and comparison of the 6/8 SRM before and after the re-design process are presented. A m files Matlab software is used to simulate the dynamic performance. Then the paper proceeds to examine different control techniques to the new design. The hysteresis and PI controllers are used as classical method to control the SRM. Then the artificial neural network (ANN) is used to test the new control techniques.
Soft Decision Fano Decoding of Block Codes Over Discrete Memoryless Channel Using Tree Diagram
Authors: Kumar H. , Sripati Udupi , Shetty K. , Shankarananda B. 
Published: February 2012

Soft Decision Fano Decoding of Block Codes Over Discrete Memoryless Channel Using Tree DiagramA novel low complexity soft decision technique which allows the decoding of block codes with tree structure is proposed. These codes are shown to have a convenient tree structure that allows Fano decoding techniques to be used to decode them. The Fano algorithm searches through the tree structure of the block code for a path which has the optimal value of the Fano metric function. When a new candidate codeword is found, an optimality check is performed on it by using the threshold. If checked successfully, the candidate codeword is the most likely codeword and the search stops. The basic idea of this approach is to achieve a good error performance progressively in a minimum number of steps. For each decoding step, the error performance is tightly bounded and the decoding is terminated at the stage where either optimum or near optimum error performance is achieved. As a result, more flexibility in the trade off between performance and decoding complexity is provided. Some examples of the tree construction and the soft decision Fano decoding procedure are discussed.
Epidemiological Study and Estimating of Accidents Distribution in Construction Industry Workers in Yazd City by Appling Time Series until 2011.
Authors: Halvani Gholamhossein , Ibrahemzadih Mehrzad 
Published: February 2012

Millions of construction industry accidents occur in the world cause troubles and injuries to workers and consequently economical loosing every year. The aim of this paper is an epidemiological study and determination of an estimator model for accidents of construction industry until 2011, for the first time, in Yazd city.This study is a descriptive, analytical and modeling. The questionnaire contains the variables such as age, occupation, type of accident, injured part and the results of accident.Fatal rate of workers who hadn’t insurance was more than those who had which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The most rate of accident was falling (48.58%) and the less was chocking (29%). The highest level of injured was related to hands and feet and then head injury (22.27%). The relationships of accident results with kind of occupation and also part of body were statistically significant in construction industry (p<0.001). After testing many models, time series model of quadratic form was the closest model to the trend of data. This model estimation shows that if the situation be the same as now in 1390 the cases will be more than 300 per year. So this model recommended making change in the trend for preventing the accidents in future.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v2i1.5917 International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012) 26-30
A Review on Mechanical & Physical Hazards at Domestic Kitchen
Authors: Mondal Jaita 
Published: February 2012

Kitchen is one of the most important aspects in our life. We wait eagerly for the delicious foodstuffs of our kitchenette. However, many simple but repetitive kitchen activities can be a threat to our health. Such as peeling potatoes, chopping, and picking up heavy pots and kettles, overstretching to reach to utensils or ingredients etc. can cause or aggravate pain & discomfort in hand, wrist, elbow, shoulder and neck (Physical hazards). Musculoskeletal problems are not only the one, but various accidents also happen in domestic kitchen (Mechanical Hazards). Traumatic and repetitive injuries related to kitchen tasks include lacerations, cut, slips & falls, tendonitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, thermal strains, burn etc. Those menaces generally occur due to poor ergonomics, as poor work practices, poor quality equipment and poorly maintained equipment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v2i1.5920 International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012) 7-10
Development of nuclear microsatellite markers for the fonio, Digitaria exilis (Poaceae), an understudied West African cereal
Authors: Barnaud Adeline , Vignes Hélène , Risterucci Ange‐Marie , Noyer Jean‐Louis , Pham Jean‐Louis , Blay Carole , Buiron Marylène , Vigouroux Yves , Billot Claire 
Published: February 2012

• Premise of the study: We developed nuclear microsatellite primers to explore the genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and evolutionary history of the fonio (Digitaria exilis), an understudied cereal cultivated in West Africa.• Methods and Results: We used a microsatellite‐enriched library approach to isolate and characterize 38 nuclear primer pairs (31 di‐, five tri‐, and two tetranucleotide repeats), of which 21 were polymorphic and exhibited a clear pattern in 36 accessions from West Africa. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 22, with a mean of 4.71, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.03 to 0.93.• Conclusions: The developed set of 21 polymorphic SSR markers will provide tools for population and evolutionary genetics studies of the cultivated fonio.
Phosphoramidate Prodrugs of (−)-β-D-(2R,4R)-dioxolane-thymine (DOT) as Potent Anti-HIV Agents
Authors: Wang Peiyuan , Rachakonda Suguna , Zennou Veronique , Keilman Meg , Niu Congrong , Bao Donghui , Ross Bruce S , Furman Phillip A , Otto Michael J , Sofia Michael J 
Published: February 2012

Background: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are an effective class of agents that has played a vital role in the treatment of HIV infections. (−)-β-D-(2R,4R)-dioxolane-thymine (DOT) is a thymidine analogue that is active against wild-type and NRTI-resistant HIV-1 mutants. It has been shown that the anti-HIV activity of DOT is limited due to poor monophosphorylation. Methods: To further enhance the anti-HIV activity of DOT, an extensive structure-activity relationship analysis of phosphoramidate prodrugs of DOT monophosphate was undertaken. These prodrugs were evaluated for anti-HIV activity using Hela CD4 β-gal reporter cells (P4-CCR5 luc cells). Results: Among the synthesized prodrugs, the 4-bromophenyl benzyloxy L-alanyl phosphate derivative of DOT was the most potent, with a 50% effective concentration of 0.089 μM corresponding to a 75-fold increase in activity relative to the parent nucleoside DOT with no increased cytotoxicity. The metabolic stability of a selected number of potent DOT phosphoramidates was also evaluated in simulated gastric fluid, simulated intestinal fluid, human plasma and liver S9 fractions. Conclusions: A series of new phosphoramidate prodrugs of DOT were prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of HIV replication in vitro. Metabolic stability studies indicated that these DOT phosphoramidate derivatives have the potential to show acceptable stability in the gastrointestinal tract, but they metabolize rapidly in the liver.
La grande exclusion à partir du livre de X. Emmanuelli et C. Malabou
Authors: Jordana Huguette 
Published: February 2012

Résumé Il s’agit d’une relecture du livre de Xavier Emmanuelli et Catherine Malabou, La grande exclusion : un syndrome clinique qui n’est pas une urgence sociale mais il est urgent de le réaliser. Une tentative de compréhension du « grand exclu » à l’appui de la neurobiologie et de la psychanalyse.
Analyse socio-juridique de l'urgence sociale
Authors: Rullac Stéphane 
Published: February 2012

Résumé	L’urgence sociale a connu trois temps dans son développement socio-juridique : 1994, 2007-2009 et 2010. Ce cheminement débute dans une logique d’ordre dérogatoire, encadrée essentiellement par des circulaires, vers l’intégration normative de références opposables, en passant par les soubresauts de l’affirmation de droits, que seules les lois permettent dans un contexte de forte contestation. La connaissance de l’évolution de l’environnement juridique de l’urgence sociale peut aider ce secteur à s’affirmer davantage comme un ensemble de dispositifs de droits communs qui s’extrait péniblement de ses racines caritatives.
« Il fait froid, il fait nuit... »
Authors: Murat Hervé 
Published: February 2012

Résumé De tout temps, les sociétés ont organisé par la loi ou par la charité la prise en charge des « indigents, nécessiteux ou crève-la-faim ». L’urgence sociale paraît adaptée à la conjoncture économique et sociale dans ses termes, son organisation, ses actions. Elle n’est que l’habillage de dispositifs plus anciens, passoire du traitement social que la société met en place pour prendre en charge les exclus de la modernité, les victimes de la crise, les handicapés sociaux.
La grossesse : « un état d'urgence »
Authors: Rajon Anne-Marie 
Published: February 2012

Résumé La grossesse était qualifiée autrefois d’« état intéressant », et sa surveillance concernait d’abord la mère. L’enfant restait dans le secret, et la plupart du temps, rien ne venait interrompre la continuité somatique et psychique du déroulement de la gestation. La surveillance prénatale est aujourd’hui dominée par des technologies de dépistage qui, du fait de leurs enjeux, bouleversent la temporalité de la grossesse. Elle ne dure plus neuf mois, mais se trouve fragmentée en une succession de périodes de quelques semaines qui constituent chacune des étapes décisives. Ainsi, découvrir sa grossesse, et la déclarer, conduit à se trouver dans une situation que l’on peut qualifier d’« état d’urgence ».
L'art d'inventer la lisibilité d'une institution. Une expérience de création d'affiche en crèche, entre rencontres et coopérations
Authors: Fanfant Véronique 
Published: February 2012

Résumé La pratique professionnelle peine à rendre lisible son articulation entre travail social, éducatif et politique. La création expérimentale d’une affiche conçue pour la lisibilité d’un projet institutionnel est relatée à partir d’observations, d’analyses, de questionnements qui peuvent intéresser le secteur du travail social. Des questions sur la notion de « passage », de la représentation du « politique », du « financement » sont interrogées à partir de « symboles » représentant des images qui visent à l’origine un public professionnel international. Une affiche destinée à voyager ?
Une demande qui devient ordinaire ou devrait le devenir Pourquoi les soins psychiques en périnatalité sont-ils nécessaires ?
Authors: Pelloux Anne-Sylvie 
Published: February 2012

Résumé À partir de trois observations cliniques issues de sa pratique en centre médico-psychologique petite enfance, l’auteur illustre diverses problématiques rencontrées en périnatalité : remaniements psychiques de la femme enceinte, dépression postnatale, troubles des interactions précoces et troubles psychofonctionnels du bébé. Nature des demandes, fonction contenante du suivi au cmp et du réseau périnatal, clinique de la narrativité et processus psychodynamiques sont les axes principalement développés.
Les nouvelles demandes adolescentes entre désirs, pulsions, jouissances et limites
Authors: Hoffmann Christian 
Published: February 2012

Résumé La reconnaissance de nouvelles subjectivités s’articulant à la variabilité des normes par la construction identitaire de pratiques de soi peut contribuer à éclairer ce qu’on appelle aujourd’hui les « nouvelles pathologies » qui englobent les « pathologies de la limite » et les subjectivations des rapports aux désirs, aux pulsions et aux jouissances. Les demandes des adolescents qui s’adressent aujourd’hui aux thérapeutes s’en trouvent modifiées.
L'efficacité du marché des organes
Authors: Sambuc Cléa 
Published: February 2012

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est de discuter les conséquences de la création d’un marché des organes en termes d’efficacité économique. Par efficacité économique, nous entendons : la capacité des prix à lutter contre la pénurie et la pertinence organisationnelle d’un marché des organes. Nous montrerons que, sous aucune de ces formes, l’efficacité du marché des organes n’est une évidence.
Francisella tularensis Inhibits the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways To Delay Constitutive Apoptosis and Prolong Human Neutrophil Lifespan
Authors: Schwartz Justin T. , Barker Jason H. , Kaufman Justin , Fayram Drew C. , McCracken Jenna M. , Allen Lee-Ann H. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular bacterium that infects many cell types, including neutrophils. We demonstrated previously that F. tularensis inhibits NADPH oxidase assembly and activity and then escapes the phagosome to the cytosol, but effects on other aspects of neutrophil function are unknown. Neutrophils are short-lived cells that undergo constitutive apoptosis, and phagocytosis typically accelerates this process. We now demonstrate that F. tularensis significantly inhibited neutrophil apoptosis as indicated by morphologic analysis as well as annexin V and TUNEL staining. Thus, ∼80% of infected neutrophils remained viable at 48 h compared with ∼50% of control cells, and ∼40% of neutrophils that ingested opsonized zymosan. In keeping with this finding, processing and activation of procaspases-8, -9, and -3 were markedly diminished and delayed. F. tularensis also significantly impaired apoptosis triggered by Fas crosslinking. Of note, these effects were dose dependent and could be conferred by either intracellular or extracellular live bacteria, but not by formalin-killed organisms or isolated LPS and capsule, and were not affected by disruption of wbtA2 or FTT1236/FTL0708—genes required for LPS O-antigen and capsule biosynthesis. In summary, we demonstrate that F. tularensis profoundly impairs constitutive neutrophil apoptosis via effects on the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, and thereby define a new aspect of innate immune evasion by this organism. As defects in neutrophil turnover prevent resolution of inflammation, our findings also suggest a mechanism that may in part account for the neutrophil accumulation, granuloma formation, and severe tissue damage that characterizes lethal pneumonic tularemia.
Exploring the role of CD8+ T cells in clear renal cell carcinoma metastasis
Authors: Chen Yuanhong , Shen Jiajia , Ling Caixia , Liang Zhengfang , Huang Shaoang , Lin Wenxian , Qin Yujuan , Meng Lingzhang , Luo Yanhong 
Published: June 2024

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for approximately 75–80% of all patients with renal cell carcinoma. Despite its prevalence, little is known regarding the key components involved in ccRCC metastasis. In this study, scRNA‐seq analysis was employed to classify CD8+ T cells into four sub‐clusters based on their genetic profiles and immunofluorescence experiments were used to validate two key clusters. Through gene set enrichment analysis, these newly identified sub‐clusters were found to exhibit distinct biological characteristics. Notably, TYMP, TOP2A, CHI3L2, CDKN3, CENPM, and RZH2 were highly expressed in these sub‐clusters, indicating a correlation with poor prognosis. Among these sub‐clusters, CD8+ T cells (MT‐ND4) were identified as potentially playing a critical role in mediating ccRCC metastasis. These results contribute to our understanding of CD8+ T cell heterogeneity in ccRCC and shed light on the mechanisms underlying the loss of immune response against cancer.
Literacy and Heritage Language Learning
Authors: Lee Jin Sook 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe critical role of literacy not only in the transmission of heritage languages across generations but also for the maintenance of heritage languages within generations is undeniable. Heritage language literacy serves different functions for different individuals and their families in unique ways that (re)connect them with life events that have personal, symbolic, or social relevance. Yet, heritage literacy is often the least developed language skill among heritage language speakers. Because heritage language exposure and use are often situated in the home, emphasis in most families is on oral language to fulfill daily communication needs rather than on literacy skills. Moreover, children from families where the parents may not be literate or from cultural backgrounds with strong oral traditions tend to have minimal to no opportunities to develop their heritage literacy skills. Although literacy skills are built upon oral proficiency, purposeful instruction that focuses on literacy is a necessary condition for development. There are limited, but promising educational models such as dual language immersion programs and heritage language community schools as well as broader access to heritage language textual resources via the internet that can support heritage literacy development. However, our understanding of how to effectively foster literacy development for the different profiles of heritage language speakers is still limited. This entry discusses the role of literacy in the learning and maintenance of heritage languages and examines the challenges and the necessary support systems for heritage literacy development, raising awareness for the need for more systematic approaches to heritage literacy education.
Boosting Selective Nitrogen Oxidation to Nitric Acid by Synergizing Cobalt Phthalocyanine on Carbon Nitride Surface
Authors: Paul Sourav , Adalder Ashadul , Barman Narad , Thapa Ranjit , Bera Arpan , Mitra Koushik , Ghorai Uttam Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Ostwald process, which is producing HNO3 for commercial use, involves the catalytic oxidation of NH3 and a series of chemical reactions conducted under severe operating conditions. Due to their energy‐intensive nature, these activities play a major role in greenhouse gas emissions and global energy consumption. In response to the urgent requirements of the global energy and environmental sectors, there is an increasingly critical need to develop novel, highly efficient, and environmentally sustainable methods. Herein, CoPc/C3N4 electrocatalyst, integrating CoPc nanotubes with C3N4 nanosheets, is shown. The CoPc/C3N4 electrocatalyst demonstrates yield rate of 871.8 µmol h−1 gcat−1 at 2.2 V, with corresponding Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 46.4% at 2.1 V, which notably surpasses that of CoPc. Through a combination of experimental investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this study shows that CoPc anchored on C3N4 effectively simplifies the adsorption and activation of chemically inactive nitrogen molecules. The improved catalytic activity for composite system may be the reason of re‐distribution of charges over the CoPc, tuning the valence orbital of Co center due to the presence of 2D layer of C3N4. This mechanism significantly lowers the energy barrier required for critical breaking of inert N2, ultimately leading to a significant improvement in N2 oxidation efficiency.
Tailoring Work Functions of Heterostructures by Varying the Depth of a Buried Monolayer
Authors: Whittles Thomas J. , Parks Sarah C. , Wang Hongguang , Jiang Peiheng , Zhong Zhicheng , van Aken Peter A. , Mannhart Jochen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe work function is a critical parameter for device design and understanding of materials properties, but contemporary experimental literature on tailored work functions is rather scarce. This paper presents a promising new approach to work function design that uses pulsed laser deposition (PLD) growth with unit cell precision. It is shown that a monolayer buried within a material can influence the work function as a function of the layer depth. This method can preserve properties of the original material's surface, and furthermore, a sensitive material can be used as the monolayer, both of which are beneficial for device design. Proof of concept is demonstrated by inserting a nominal monolayer of barium oxide (BaO) into strontium titanate (SrTiO3) (001) at different depths, revealing a previously unknown work function trend. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, surface characterization, and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) studies verify the quality of the heterostructures and help to understand how charge transfer, slight barium diffusion, and termination effects account for the observed work function trends. This work function tunability is a promising approach for future devices that require a tailored work function, which can easily be extended to a wider variety of materials.