bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosecurity, Expertise and the Institutional Void: The Case of Bovine Tuberculosis
Authors: Enticott Gareth , Franklin Alex 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article explores the links between biosecurity policy and rural differentiation. It attempts to show how biosecurity policy has been fundamentally affected by uncertainty over the rules of the game of policy‐making – what Hajer has called the ‘institutional void’. In particular, the article attempts to show how this void has created a new political space in which the traditional practices of dealing with animal disease have been challenged and reshaped. Crucial to this is a discourse of partnership that permits new actors and forms of expertise to construct different approaches to biosecurity at new spatial scales. These actions legitimate a new spatiality of disease control, thereby contributing to the differentiation of the countryside. The article uses a case‐study of policy attempts to control the spread of bovine tuberculosis in England and Wales.
Promoting the concept of prevention in social security: issues and challenges for the International Social Security Association1
Authors: McKinnon Roddy 
Published: September 2009

McKinnon R. Promoting the concept of prevention in social security: issues and challenges for the International Social Security AssociationInt J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 455–462 © 2009 The Author, Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare.The history of the relationship between institutional social security and the concept of prevention is a chequered one. Across much of the 20th century, the imputed importance in social policy agendas accorded to prevention, alongside protection and rehabilitation, was only rarely, and somewhat inconsistently, matched in practice. Currently, efforts are underway internationally to promote the importance of the concept in social security more systematically. A key actor in this regard is the International Social Security Association (ISSA). Focusing on the role of the ISSA, the article argues against any possible endeavours, no matter how tentative, that might seek to mainstream the concept of prevention in social security, and concludes as preferable a narrower, but more vigorous, selective approach based on institutional practice to date.
Phototherapy with ultraviolet radiation: a study of hormone parameters and psychological effects
Authors: Edström DW , Linder J , Wennersten G , Brismar K , Ros A‐M 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground and objectives  Patients report well‐being as they are treated with phototherapy. We investigated hormone parameters and psychological well‐being after phototherapy in a placebo‐controlled study.Methods  A total of 77 patients with dermatological conditions and 22 healthy volunteers were divided into four groups. The patients received phototherapy either on the whole body or only on hands and/or feet. The volunteers were given either whole‐body phototherapy or placebo light. Serum or plasma samples were analysed for cortisol, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, TSH, T4, T3 and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, and urine samples for cortisol. Patients and volunteers answered a questionnaire before and 6 weeks after phototherapy/placebo light. Psychiatric ratings were performed according to the Comprehensive Psychopathological Self‐rating Scale for Affective Syndromes, a self‐report version of which has been transformed to correspond to the Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).Results  In the patients who received whole‐body irradiation, we observed a significant improvement in both MADRS score and cognitive‐symptom score after the completion of phototherapy. We also observed a significantly higher level of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D after phototherapy, but no difference in the other hormone parameters.Conclusion  Whole‐body phototherapy of patients with dermatological conditions results in improved well‐being and significantly higher levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in serum.
PTH‐independent hypercalcaemia and non‐melanoma skin cancer
Authors: Nicolae I , Schipor S 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground  Recently, it became more evident that skin is a target for neuroendocrine signals.Aims  (1) To evaluate the relationship between tumour aggressiveness and hypercalcaemia in patients with non‐melanoma skin cancer; (2) to identify clinical, functional, biological alterations caused by this setting; (3) calcium redistribution from extracellular fluids to intracellular compartments; (4) to describe several molecular aspects of hypercalcaemia development.Materials and methods  This study was conducted between January 2000 and May 2009 in Dermatoveneorological Center, Bucharest. From the 1232 cases that were investigated, there were 32 patients with keratoachantoma, 468 patients with basal cell carcinoma, 412 patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 320 healthy volunteers. All the patients were screened by clinical and paraclinical examinations (haematology, biochemistry, immunology). After biochemical confirmation of hypercalcaemia, patients had endocrine tests, electrocardiography and imagistic approaches. Total serum calcium was measured in extracellular fluids (serum, urine) by spectrophotometric methods. Ionized calcium was calculated depending on total serum calcium and total proteins. Corrected serum total calcium (cTCa) levels were calculated using albumin and total serum calcium levels. In tumour tissues and intact skin, calcium was assayed by physical methods of analysis: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), Proton‐Induced X‐ray Emission (PIXE). Intact PTH was measured by ELISA.Results  PTH‐independent hypercalcaemia prevalence is low in SCC patients (1.21%). Hypercalcaemia manifestations are multiple including: digestive, renal, neuromuscular, and cardiovascular abnormalities. In these patients, intact PTH (iPTH) is normal, urinary calcium is decreased, serum albumin is reduced, and calcium concentration in tumour tissue is significantly increased compared to healthy tissue.Conclusions  PTH‐independent hypercalcaemia has a low prevalence in SCC patients. Hypercalcaemia is correlated with susceptibility to develop metastases in SCC. A possible mechanism is PTHrp hypersecretion by malignant keratinocytes.
Complications during pregnancy in women with epilepsy: population‐based cohort study
Authors: Borthen I , Eide MG , Veiby G , Daltveit AK , Gilhus NE 
Published: September 2009

Objective  To investigate whether women with epilepsy have an increased risk of complications during pregnancy and to explore the impact of antiepileptic drug (AED) use.Design  Population‐based cohort study.Setting  Data from Medical Birth Registry of Norway based on all births in Norway 1999–2005.Population  All births (n = 372 128) delivered in Norway, ensured through linkage with the National Population Registry run by Statistics Norway. All singleton births and the first child in multiple pregnancies were included, leaving 365 107 pregnancies for analyses.Main outcome measures  Pre‐eclampsia (mild and severe), gestational hypertension, eclampsia, vaginal bleeding (early and late) and preterm birth.Results  We compared 2805 pregnancies in women with a current or past history of epilepsy (0.8%) and 362 302 pregnancies in women without a history of epilepsy. Women with epilepsy had an increased risk of mild pre‐eclampsia, [odds ratio 1.3: 95% confidence interval (1.1–1.5)] and delivery before week 34 [1.2: (1.0–1.5)].Antiepileptic drugs were used in 33.6% (n = 942) of the pregnant women with epilepsy. Compared to women without epilepsy, women with epilepsy and AED use had an increased risk of mild pre‐eclampsia [1.8: (1.3–2.4)], gestational hypertension [1.5: (1.0–2.2)], vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy [1.9: (1.1–3.2)], and delivery before 34 weeks of gestation [1.5: (1.1–2.0)]. No significant increase in the risk of these complications was observed in women with epilepsy not using AED. These results remained unchanged after exclusion of multiple pregnancies.Conclusion  Women with epilepsy have a low complication rate, but special attention should be paid to those using AED during pregnancy.
A simple tool to measure patient perceptions of operative birth
Authors: Siassakos D , Clark J , Sibanda T , Attilakos G , Jefferys A , Cullen L , Bisson D , Draycott T 
Published: September 2009

Objective  To assess the feasibility and validity of a maternal satisfaction measurement tool, the SaFE study Patient Perception Score (PPS), after operative delivery.Design  Cross‐sectional survey.Setting  A large maternity unit in England.Sample  150 women who had had an operative birth.Methods  We recruited women within 24 hours of birth and quantified their satisfaction with two questionnaires: PPS, and the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale (CSRS; modified).Main Outcome Measures  Participation rate to determine feasibility; Cronbach’s alpha as measure of internal consistency; PPS satisfaction scores for groups of accoucheurs of different seniority to assess construct validity; correlation coefficient of PPS scores with total scores from the CSRS questionnaire to establish criterion validity.Results  Participation rate approached 85%. We observed high scores for most births except a few outliers. Internal consistency of the PPS was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83). Total PPS scores correlated strongly with total CSRS scores (Spearman’s r = 0.64, P < 0.001).Conclusions  The PPS is a simple and valid tool for patient‐centred assessments. High scores were observed for most births but there were a small minority of accoucheurs who consistently scored poorly and these data could be used during appraisal and training.
Characterization of CLP36/Elfin/PDLIM1 in the nervous system
Authors: Ohno Koji , Kato Hiroshi , Funahashi Shinji , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Sato Kohji 
Published: September 2009

SummaryCLP36, one of the α‐Actinin Associated LIM Protein (ALP)/Enigma family proteins, has a wide tissue distribution, but little is known about its expression and role in the nervous system. We show here that CLP36 is expressed in sensory ganglia but not in the CNS of adult rats. In primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, CLP36 is distributed in the soma and neurites with enrichment in the growth cones. CLP36 forms a complex with α‐actinin and is localized to actin cytoskeleton. To examine the role of CLP36 in neuronal cells, we transfected PC12 cells with a series of CLP36 deletion mutants and found that over‐expression of CLP36 PDZ domain affects neurite outgrowth. Reduction of CLP36 function in PC12 cells by RNA interference (RNAi) induced lamellipodial protrusions around cell periphery and activated growth‐cone movements, resulting in an increase in the length and number of neurites. Similarly, inhibition of CLP36 in primary DRG neurons increased the rate of neurite‐bearing cells. We also found that CLP36 is up‐regulated in DRG neurons and facial motoneurons after nerve injury. These findings suggest that CLP36 serves as a scaffold to form a multiprotein complex that regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics and plays a role in controlling neurite outgrowth.
Organizational Characteristics and Cancer Care for Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Clement Jan P. , Bradley Cathy J. , Lin Chunchieh 
Published: September 2009

Objective. We evaluate whether organization, market, policy, and resident characteristics are related to cancer care processes and outcomes for dually eligible residents of Michigan nursing homes who entered facilities without a cancer diagnosis but subsequently developed the disease.Data Sources/Study Design/Data Collection. Using data from the Michigan Tumor Registry (1997–2000), Medicare claims, Medicaid cost reports, and the Area Resource File, we estimate logistic regression models of diagnosis at or during the month of death and receipt of pain medication during the month of or month after diagnosis.Principal Findings. Approximately 25 percent of the residents were diagnosed at or near death. Only 61 percent of residents diagnosed with late or unstaged cancer received pain medication during the diagnosis month or the following month. Residents in nursing homes with lower staffing and in counties with fewer hospital beds were more likely to be diagnosed at death. After the Balanced Budget Act (BBA), residents were more likely to be diagnosed at death.Conclusions. Nursing home characteristics and community resources are significantly related to the cancer care residents receive. The BBA was associated with an increased likelihood of later diagnosis of cancer.
Tanshinone I enhances learning and memory, and ameliorates memory impairment in mice via the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase signalling pathway
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Kim Sunho , Jeon Su Jin , Son Kun Ho , Lee Seungjoo , Yoon Byung Hoon , Cheong Jae Hoon , Ko Kwang Ho , Ryu Jong Hoon 
Published: September 2009

Background and purpose:  The intracellular signalling kinase, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is required for new memory formation, suggesting that control of ERK signalling might be a target for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction. Previously, we reported that tanshinone congeners have ameliorating effects on drug‐induced memory impairment in mice. Here, we have investigated possible modes of action of tanshinone I on learning and memory, associated with ERK phosphorylation.Experimental approach:  Using immunohistochemical, Western blot techniques, and behavioural testing, we studied the effect of tanshinone I on memory impairment induced by diazepam or dizocilpine (MK‐801) in mice.Key results:  Tanshinone I (2 or 4 mg·kg−1, p.o.) increased latency times versus vehicle‐treated control group in the passive avoidance task. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical data showed that tanshinone I (4 mg·kg−1) increased levels of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) and phosphorylated ERK (pERK) in the hippocampus. These increases in pCREB and pERK were blocked by U0126 (inhibitor of ERK1/2), which also prevented the increase in passive avoidance task latency time after tanshinone I. In models of learning and memory impairment induced by diazepam and MK‐801, tanshinone I (4 mg·kg−1) reversed learning and memory impairments detected by the passive avoidance test. Western blot analysis showed that tanshinone I reversed the diazepam‐ and MK‐801‐induced inhibitions of ERK and CREB activation in hippocampal tissues. These effects were also blocked by U0126.Conclusions and implications:  Tanshinone I ameliorates the learning and memory impairments induced by diazepam and MK‐801 through activation of ERK signalling.
Cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor drugs as potential novel anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolution agents
Authors: Leitch AE , Haslett C , Rossi AG 
Published: September 2009

The cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKi) drugs such as R‐roscovitine have emerged as potential anti‐inflammatory, pharmacological agents that can influence the resolution of inflammation. Usually, once an inciting inflammatory stimulus has been eliminated, resolution proceeds by prompt, safe removal of dominant inflammatory cells. This is accomplished by programmed cell death (apoptosis) of prominent effector, inflammatory cells typified by the neutrophil. Apoptosis of neutrophils ensures that toxic neutrophil granule contents are securely packaged in apoptotic bodies and expedites phagocytosis by professional phagocytes such as macrophages. A panel of CDKi drugs have been shown to promote neutrophil apoptosis in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner and the archetypal CDKi drug, R‐roscovitine, overrides the anti‐apoptotic effects of powerful survival factors [including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF)]. Inflammatory cell longevity and survival signalling is integral to the inflammatory process and any putative anti‐inflammatory agent must unravel a complex web of redundancy in order to be effective. CDKi drugs have also been demonstrated to have significant effects on other cell types including lymphocytes and fibroblasts indicating that they may have pleiotropic anti‐inflammatory, pro‐resolution activity. In keeping with this, CDKi drugs like R‐roscovitine have been reported to be efficacious in resolving established animal models of neutrophil‐dominant and lymphocyte‐driven inflammation. However, the mechanism of action behind these powerful effects has not yet been fully elucidated. CDKs play an integral role in the regulation of the cell cycle but are also recognized as participants in processes such as apoptosis and transcriptional regulation. Neutrophils have functional CDKs, are transcriptionally active and demonstrate augmented apoptosis in response to CDKi drugs, while lymphocyte proliferation and secretory function are inhibited. This review will discuss current understanding of the processes of inflammation and resolution but will focus on CDKis and their potential mechanisms of action.This article is part of a themed issue on Mediators and Receptors in the Resolution of Inflammation. To view this issue visit http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121548564/issueyear?year=2009
Relationship between Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life, Satisfaction, and Personality in Patients with Prosthetic Rehabilitations
Authors: AL‐Omiri Mahmoud K. , Karasneh Jumana 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between oral health‐related quality of life, satisfaction with dentition, and personality profiles among patients with fixed and/or removable prosthetic rehabilitations. Materials and Methods: Thirty‐seven patients (13 males, 24 females; mean age 37.6 ± 13.3 years) with fitted prosthetic rehabilitations and 37 controls who matched the patients by age and gender were recruited into the study. The Dental Impact on Daily Living (DIDL) questionnaire was used to assess dental impacts on daily living and satisfaction with the dentition. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) was used to measure self‐reported discomfort, disability, and dysfunction caused by oral conditions. Oral health‐related quality of life was assessed by the United Kingdom Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life (OHQoL‐UK) measure. Moreover, the NEO five‐factor inventory was used to assess participants’ personality profiles. Results: Prosthetic factors had no relationship to the DIDL, OHIP, and OHQoL‐UK scores. Patients with the least oral health impacts had better oral health‐related quality of life (p= 0.023, r =–0.37), higher levels of total satisfaction, and satisfaction with appearance, pain, oral comfort, general performance, and eating (p < 0.05, r =–0.79, –0.35, –0.59, –0.56, –0.58, and –0.50, respectively). Patients with better oral health‐related quality of life (QoL) had higher total satisfaction, satisfaction with oral comfort, general performance, and eating (p < 0.05, r = 0.34, 0.39, 0.33, and 0.37, respectively). Patients with lower neuroticism scores had less oral health impact (p= 0.006, r = 0.44), better oral health‐related QoL (p= 0.032, r =–0.35), higher total satisfaction, satisfaction with appearance, pain, oral comfort, and eating (p < 0.05, r =–0.58, –0.35, –0.33, –0.39, and –0.35, respectively). Conclusion: Patients’ satisfaction with their dentition and prosthetic rehabilitations has positive effects on oral health‐related QoL and oral health impacts and improves patients’ daily living and dental perceptions. Neuroticism might influence and predict patients’ satisfaction with their dentition, oral health impacts, and oral health‐related QoL. Satisfaction with the dentition might predict a patient's level of neuroticism.
Proposals for Optimization of Laser Welding in Prosthetic Dentistry
Authors: Bertrand Caroline , Poulon‐Quintin Angeline 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper points out each key parameter involved in laser welding and discusses the parameters’ effects on weld microstructure and defects detected inside the weld. Solutions are proposed to adjust the parameters to provide an optimal dental assembly. Metallurgical effects as well as defects are briefly discussed. A welding procedure adapted to different compositions of dental alloys is proposed.
Oral health inequalities between young Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal children living in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Lawrence Herenia P. , Binguis Darlene , Douglas Jan , McKeown Lynda , Switzer Bonita , Figueiredo Rafael , Reade Margaret 
Published: September 2009

Abstract –  Objectives:  To investigate (i) oral health inequalities between off‐reserve Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal children entering junior kindergarten (JK) in the Thunder Bay District, Northwest Ontario, Canada, (ii) oral health inequalities between kindergarten‐aged (4 years old) Aboriginal children living on reserves in the Sioux Lookout Zone (SLZ), Northwest Ontario and those living off‐reserve in the Thunder Bay District and (iii) early childhood caries (ECC) trends among SLZ children between 2001 and 2005.Methods:  Cross‐sectional oral health data (dmft/s Indices) for 416 (2003/2004), 687 (2004/2005) and 544 (2005/2006) 3‐ to 5‐year olds attending JK in the Thunder Bay District were collected by calibrated dental hygienists with the District’s Health Unit. Secondary analysis of oral health status data from two studies conducted in the SLZ between 2001 and 2005 provided the dmft of random samples of children younger than 6 years of age living in 16–20 First Nations communities.Results:  When compared with non‐Aboriginal children aged 3–5 years attending the same schools in the Thunder Bay District between 2003 and 2006, off‐reserve Aboriginal children had 1.9 to 2.3 times the risk of having ECC (dmft > 0), 2.9 to 3.5 times the risk of a dmft > 3 and 1.8 to 2.5 times the risk of untreated decayed teeth after adjusting the prevalence ratios for child’s age and sex, school’s risk level and clustered‐correlated data. The mean dmft of on‐reserve Aboriginal 4‐year olds in 2005 was 11.2 and 5.9 for their off‐reserve Aboriginal counterparts. In 2001, the mean dmft scores (95% confidence interval) of 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐year‐old Aboriginal children in the SLZ were: 9.1 (8.3–9.9), 12.4 (11.8–13.1), 13.1 (12.1–14.2). In 2005, similarly aged SLZ children had a mean dmft of: 6.2 (5.2–7.1), 8.9 (8.2–9.6), 11.2 (10.5–11.9), representing significant reductions in caries severity (32%, 28% and 14.5%, respectively).Conclusions:  Significant disparities in caries experience exist between off‐reserve Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal children living in the same locales and between Aboriginal children living on‐ and off‐reserve in northwestern Ontario. The study showed decreased trends in the severity of ECC for children in the SLZ occurring over the 5‐year period. Despite this progress, the oral health of young Aboriginal children in Ontario continues to lag far behind that of non‐Aboriginal children, demanding further programs and policies to tackle the social determinants of oral health and resolve these inequalities.