bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible climate change impacts on the hydrological and vegetative character of Everglades National Park, Florida
Authors: Todd M. Jason , Muneepeerakul R. , Miralles‐Wilhelm F. , Rinaldo A. , Rodriguez‐Iturbe I. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe increasing threat of global climate change is predicted to have immense influences on ecosystems worldwide, but could be particularly severe to vulnerable wetland environments such as the Everglades. This work investigates the impact global climate change could have on the hydrologic and vegetative makeup of Everglades National Park (ENP) under forecasted emissions scenarios. Using a simple stochastic model of aboveground water levels driven by a fluctuating rainfall input, we link across ENP a location's mean depth and percent time of inundation to the predicted changes in precipitation from climate change. Changes in the hydrologic makeup of ENP are then related to changes in vegetation community composition through the use of relationships developed between two publically available datasets. Results show that under increasing emissions scenarios mean annual precipitation was forecasted to decrease across ENP leading to a marked hydrologic change across the region. Namely, areas were predicted to be shallower in average depth of standing water and inundated less of the time. These hydrologic changes in turn lead to a shift in ENP's vegetative makeup, with xeric vegetative communities becoming more numerous and hydric vegetative communities becoming scarcer. Noticeably, the most widespread of vegetative communities, sawgrass, decreases in abundance under increasing emissions scenarios. These results are an important indicator of the effects climate change may have on the Everglades region and raise important management implications for those seeking to restore this area to its historical hydrologic and vegetative condition. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of a Listeria vaccine strain by enhanced caspase‐1 activation
Authors: Warren Sarah E. , Duong Hien , Mao Dat Phat , Armstrong Abraham , Rajan Jayant , Miao Edward A. , Aderem Alan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe immunostimulatory properties conferred by vaccine adjuvants require caspase‐1 for processing of IL‐1β and IL‐18. Caspase‐1 is activated in response to a breach of the cytosolic compartment by microbes and the process is initiated by intracellular pattern recognition receptors within inflammasomes. Listeria monocytogenes is detected in the cytosol by the NLRC4, NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes. NLRC4 is activated by flagellin, and L. monocytogenes evades NLRC4 by repressing flagellin expression. We generated an L. monocytogenes strain that was forced to express flagellin in the host cell cytosol. This strain hyperactivated caspase‐1 and was preferentially cleared via NLRC4 detection in an IL‐1β/IL‐18 independent manner. We also created a strain of L. monocytogenes with forced expression of another NLRC4 agonist, PrgJ, from the Type III secretion system of Salmonella typhimurium. Forced expression of flagellin or PrgJ resulted in attenuation, yet both strains conferred protective immunity in mice against lethal challenge with L. monocytogenes. This work is the first demonstration of specific targeting of the caspase‐1 activation pathway to generate a safe and potent L. monocytogenes‐based vaccine. Moreover, the attenuated strains with embedded flagellin or PrgJ adjuvants represent attractive vectors for vaccines aimed at eliciting T‐cell responses.
NKG2A is a marker for acquisition of regulatory function by human CD8+ T cells activated with anti‐CD3 antibody
Authors: Ablamunits Vitaly , Henegariu Octavian , Preston‐Hurlburt Paula , Herold Kevan C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTreatment with anti‐CD3 mAb modulates immune responses that cause type 1 diabetes and other diseases. CD8+ Tregs can be induced in vitro and in vivo by mAb. However, 1/3 of patients do not respond to drug therapy and in an equal proportion, anti‐CD3 mAb does not induce Tregs in vitro. The acquisition of CD8+ Treg activity is a function of the CD8+ cells and not the targets in the assay. To identify markers to differentiate responses of CD8+ Tregs, we analyzed genes differentially expressed in CD8+ T cells of non‐responders compared with responders, and found that an inhibitory receptor NKG2A (CD159a) was highly expressed in cells from all non‐responders tested. Application of a mAb agonistic to NKG2A during in vitro CD8+ Treg induction by anti‐CD3 prevented induction of CD8+ Tregs. CD8+ T cells that are TNFR2+ but NKG2A− are the most potently induced Tregs. The level of NKG2A expression on resting CD8+ T cells inversely correlated with acquisition of regulatory function when activated. We suggest that the induction of human CD8+ Tregs by anti‐CD3 mAb is controlled by a negative signaling through NKG2A, and that NKG2A may serve as a negative marker of human CD8+ Tregs.
Synthesis and Study of the Binuclear μ‐Oxodiiron(III) Complexes of 5‐Monoaza‐ and 5,15‐Diaza‐Substituted β‐Octaalkylporphyrins
Authors: Stuzhin Pavel A. , Ul‐Haq Anwar , Nefedov Sergej E. , Kumeev Roman S. , Koifman Oscar I. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBinuclear μ‐oxo‐bridged FeIII complexes of 2,3,7,8,12,18‐hexamethyl‐13,17‐dibutyl‐5‐monoazaporphine [μ‐O(FeMAP)2], and 3,7,13,17‐tetramethyl‐2,8,12,18‐tetrabutyl‐5,15‐diazaporphine [μ‐O(FeDAP)2] have been prepared and characterised using UV/Vis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies. The stretching vibrations of the μ‐oxo‐bridge νas(Fe–O–Fe) are observed at 880 cm–1 for μ–O(FeMAP)2 and at 871 cm–1 for μ‐O(FeDAP)2. The structure of μ‐O(FeDAP)2 has been confirmed by the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study of its monobenzene solvate. The Fe1 and Fe2 atoms are displaced from the mean planes formed by the coordinating N‐atoms by 0.572 and 0.565 Å, respectively, and are connected to one another through the μ‐oxo‐bridge. The average Fe1–N and Fe2–N bond lengths are 2.053 and 2.050 Å, and the Fe1–O and Fe2–O bond lengths are 1.777 and 1.776 Å, respectively. The Fe1–O–Fe2 angle is 152.1°, which leads to a non‐coplanar arrangement of the two adjacent macrocyclic units (tilt angle 26.3°) allowing for the close approach of the solvating benzene molecule to the bridging oxygen atom with a μ‐O···H(benzene) distance of 2.584 Å. Addition of acid HX leads to dissociation of the binuclear μ‐oxodiiron complexes and formation of the mononuclear pentacoordinate FeIII complexes (X)FeMAP and (X)FeDAP (X = AcOH, HCl, etc). Analysis of the kinetic results obtained for the reactions of the μ‐oxodiiron complexes of (aza)porphyrins with acetic acid in benzene solution indicates that the stability of the μ‐oxo bridge towards acid dissociation is primarily determined by its steric accessibility; for species with flexible alkyl chains in β‐pyrrolic positions the stability is much lower than in the presence of shielding meso‐ or β‐phenyl groups.
The U28 Nanosphere: What's Inside? (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 14/2011)
Authors: Nyman May , Rodriguez Mark A. , Alam Todd M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows the assembly process of uranyl peroxide clusters through templating cations and anions. The yellow polyhedra are the monomeric building blocks, UO2(O2)34–. In this schematic, the assembly of pentagonal and hexagonal rings is templated by K+ (green spheres) and Cs/Rb+ (pink spheres) ions. The assembly of spherical capsules from rings is then templated by Ta(O2)43– anions (Ta = blue spheres, O = red spheres). Details are discussed in the article by M. Nyman et al. on p. 2197 ff. The cover art was produced by Mona Aragon (Sandia National Laboratories).
Sequential Voltammetric Determination of Ultratrace Osmium, Ruthenium and Iridium. Application to Superficial Water
Authors: Locatelli Clinio 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe present work, regarding the determination of ultratrace Os(VIII), Ru(III) and Ir(III) in superficial waters is an interesting example of the possibility to simultaneously, or better sequentially determine each single element in real samples by voltammetry. The method is based on the catalytic current of the Os(VIII)‐ and Ru(III)‐bromate systems by square wave voltammetry and on the Ir(III) determination by square wave catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetry. 0.5 mol L−1 acetate buffer pH 4.9+7.7×10−2 mol L−1 NaBrO3 and 0.5 mol L−1 acetate buffer pH 4.9+7.7×10−2 mol L−1 NaBrO3+2.3×10−5 mol L−1 cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) +0.2 mol L−1 KCl were employed as the supporting electrolytes. The analytical procedure was verified by the analysis of the standard reference materials: Sea Water BCR‐CRM 403 and Fresh Water NIST‐SRM 1643d. For all the elements, the accuracy, expressed as relative error e (%), was satisfactory, being lower than 6 %, while precision as repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation, sr (%), was generally lower than 5 %. Once set up on the standard reference materials, the analytical procedure was transferred and applied to superficial water sampled in proximity to superhighway and in the Po river mouth area.
Long‐lasting genomic instability following arsenite exposure in mammalian cells: The role of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Sciandrello G. , Mauro M. , Catanzaro I. , Saverini M. , Caradonna F. , Barbata G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPreviously, we reported that the progeny of mammalian cells, which has been exposed to sodium arsenite for two cell cycles, exhibited chromosomal instability and concurrent DNA hypomethylation, when they were subsequently investigated after two months of subculturing (about 120 cell generations) in arsenite‐free medium. In this work, we continued our investigations of the long‐lasting arsenite‐induced genomic instability by analyzing additional endpoints at several time points during the cell expanded growth. In addition to the progressive increase of aneuploid cells, we also noted micronucleated and multinucleated cells that continued to accumulate up to the 50th cell generation, as well as dicentric chromosomes and/or telomeric associations and other complex chromosome rearrangements that began to appear much later, at the 90th cell generation following arsenite exposure. The increasing genomic instability was further characterized by an increased frequency of spontaneous mutations. Furthermore, the long‐lasting genomic instability was related to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which at the 50th cell generation appeared higher than in stable parental cells. To gain additional insight into the continuing genomic instability, we examined several individual clones isolated at different time points from the growing cell population. Chromosomally and morphologically unstable cell clones, the number of which increased with the expanded growth, were also present at early phases of growth without arsenite. All genomically unstable clones exhibited higher ROS levels than untreated cells suggesting that oxidative stress is an important factor for the progression of genomic instability induced by arsenite. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toxicity of metals to roots of cowpea in relation to their binding strength
Authors: Kopittke Peter M , Blamey F. Pax C , McKenna Brigid A , Wang Peng , Menzies Neal W 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Metal phytotoxicity is important in both environmental and agricultural systems. A solution culture study examined the toxicity of 26 metals to roots of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.); new data were collected for 15 metals and published data for 11 metals. Metal toxicity, calculated as causing a 50% reduction in root elongation rate, was determined based on either the measured concentration in the bulk solution (EC50b) or the calculated activity at the outer surface of the plasma membrane (EA500°). The EC50b values ranged from 0.007 µM for Tl to 98,000 µM for K, with the order of rhizotoxicity to cowpea, from most to least toxic, being Tl = Ag &gt; Cu &gt; Hg = Ni = Ga = Ru = In &gt; Sc = Cd = Gd = La = Co = Cs = Pb &gt; Zn = Al = H &gt; Mn &gt; Ba = Sr &gt; Li &gt; Mg &gt; Ca = Na &gt; K. The EA500° values suggest that the binding of metals to hard ligands is an important, general, nonspecific mechanism of toxicity, a hypothesis supported by the similar toxicity symptoms to roots of cowpea by many metals. However, additional mechanisms, such as strong binding to soft ligands, substantially increase rhizotoxicity of some metals, especially Tl, Ag, and Cs. Besides direct toxic effects, osmotic effects or reduced activity of Ca2+ at the outer surface of the root plasma membrane (and resultant Ca deficiency) may decrease short-term root growth. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1827–1833. © 2011 SETAC
Genomic investigation of year-long and multigenerational exposures of fathead minnow to the munitions compound RDX
Authors: Gust Kurt A , Brasfield Sandra M , Stanley Jacob K , Wilbanks Mitchell S , Chappell Pornsawan , Perkins Edward J , Lotufo Guilherme R , Lance Richard F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
We assessed the impacts of exposure to an environmentally representative concentration (0.83 mg/L) of the explosive cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) on fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in one-year and multigenerational bioassays. In the one-year bioassay, impacts were assessed by statistical comparisons of females from breeding groups reared in control or RDX-exposure conditions. The RDX had no significant effect on gonadosomatic index or condition factor assayed at 1 d and at one, three, six, nine, and 12 months. The liver-somatic index was significantly increased versus controls only at the 12-month timepoint. RDX had no significant effect on live-prey capture rates, egg production, or fertilization. RDX caused minimal differential-transcript expression with no consistent discernable effect on gene-functional categories for either brain or liver tissues in the one-year exposure. In the multigenerational assay, the effects of acute (96 h) exposure to RDX were compared in fish reared to the F2 generation in either control or RDX-exposure conditions. Enrichment of gene functions including neuroexcitatory glutamate metabolism, sensory signaling, and neurological development were observed comparing control-reared and RDX-reared fish. Our results indicated that exposure to RDX at a concentration representing the highest levels observed in the environment (0.83 mg/L) had limited impacts on genomic, individual, and population-level endpoints in fathead minnows in a one-year exposure. However, multigenerational exposures altered transcript expression related to neural development and function. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1852–1864. © 2011 SETAC
Age‐related changes in visually evoked electrical brain activity
Authors: Plomp Gijs , Kunchulia Marina , Herzog Michael H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWhereas much is known about the degenerative effects of aging on cortical tissue, less is known about how aging affects visually evoked electrical activity, and at what latencies. We compared visual processing in elderly and young controls using a visual masking paradigm, which is particularly sensitive to detect temporal processing deficits, while recording EEG. The results show that, on average, elderly have weaker visual evoked potentials than controls, and that elderly show a distinct scalp potential topography (microstate) at around 150 ms after stimulus onset. This microstate occurred irrespective of the visual stimulus presented. Electrical source imaging showed that the changes in the scalp potential resulted from decreased activity in lateral occipital cortex and increases in fronto‐parietal areas. We saw, however, no evidence that increased fronto‐parietal activity enhanced performance on the discrimination task, and no evidence that it compensated for decreased posterior activity. Our results show qualitatively different patterns of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in the elderly, and demonstrate that increased fronto‐parietal activity arises during visual processing in the elderly already between 150 and 200 ms after stimulus onset. The microstate associated with these changes is a potential diagnostic tool to detect age‐related cortical changes. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Addition of a stable dialkylsilylene to carbon–carbon unsaturated bonds
Authors: Ishida Shintaro , Iwamoto Takeaki , Kira Mitsuo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reactions of an isolable dialkylsilylene, 2,2,5,5‐tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)silacyclopentan‐1,1‐diyl (1) with ethylene, (Z)‐2‐butene, acetylene, bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene, and 2,3‐dimethylbutadiene at room temperature gave the corresponding silacycles as isolable compounds. Because of the large steric hindrance, the reaction of 1 with (E)‐2‐butene gave a complex mixture, indicating no formation of the corresponding silirane. The reaction of 1 with 2,3‐dimethylbutadiene afforded the corresponding [1 + 4] cycloadduct without contamination of the [1 + 2] cycloadduct. Stable C‐unsubstituted silirane and silirene produced by the reactions of 1 with ethylene and acetylene were analyzed by X‐ray crystallography. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:432–437, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20705
HPV prevalence and accuracy of HPV testing to detect high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Giorgi‐Rossi Paolo , Franceschi Silvia , Ronco Guglielmo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractConcern was raised on using testing for high‐risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer screening in populations where HPV prevalence is high. The impact of HR HPV prevalence on the efficiency of HPV test‐based screening has never been directly evaluated. A meta‐regression of the relationship between HR HPV prevalence and the specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of HPV DNA testing for the presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) was performed. Only studies that used Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) were included. Country income (low–medium vs. high) was used as a proxy of previous screening. Twenty‐six populations from 20 studies were included. For a 10% increase in HR HPV prevalence, HC2 specificity decreased by 8.41% [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.02–8.81], whereas PPV increased by 4.74% (95% CI: 2.45–7.03). HR HPV prevalence explained 98% of the variability in HC2 specificity and 38% of the variability in PPV. Country income did not affect specificity, but low–medium income was associated with higher PPV (3.81%; 95% CI: 1.53–6.10) after adjustment for HR HPV prevalence. When HR HPV prevalence is high, the specificity of HPV testing for CIN2+ decreases, but PPV does not decrease and it is high in inadequately screened populations. The number of HPV‐positive women needing further assessment or treatment per CIN2+ case detected will therefore decrease and screening efficiency will improve. This is explained by the fact that HR HPV causes CIN2+: an increase in HR HPV prevalence is inevitably accompanied by an increase in CIN2+.
ETV5 transcription factor is overexpressed in ovarian cancer and regulates cell adhesion in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Llauradó Marta , Abal Miguel , Castellví Josep , Cabrera Sílvia , Gil‐Moreno Antonio , Pérez‐Benavente Asumpció , Colás Eva , Doll Andreas , Dolcet Xavier , Matias‐Guiu Xavier , Vazquez‐Levin Mónica , Reventós Jaume , Ruiz Anna 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths in women in the Western world. ETS transcription factors are known to act as positive or negative regulators of the expression of genes that are involved in various biological processes, including those that control cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis and transformation. ETV5 belongs to the PEA3 subfamily. PEA3 subfamily members are able to activate the transcription of proteases, matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases, which is central to both tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Here, we examined the role of the ETV5 transcription factor in epithelial ovarian cancer and we found ETV5 was upregulated in ovarian tumor samples compared to ovarian tissue controls. The in vitro inhibition of ETV5 decreased cell proliferation in serum‐deprived conditions, induced EMT and cell migration and decreased cell adhesion to extracellular matrix components. ETV5 inhibition also decreased cell–cell adhesion and induced apoptosis in anchorage‐independent conditions. Accordingly, upregulation of ETV5 induced the expression of cell adhesion molecules and enhanced cell survival in a spheroid model. Our findings suggest that the overexpression of ETV5 detected in ovarian cancer cells may contribute to ovarian tumor progression through the ability of ETV5 to enhance proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. In addition, upregulation of ETV5 would play a role in ovarian cancer cell dissemination and metastasis into the peritoneal cavity by protecting ovarian cancer cells from apoptosis and by increasing the adhesion of ovarian cancer cells to the peritoneal wall through the regulation of cell adhesion molecules.
EFFICACY OF PARTIAL ROOT DRYING TECHNIQUE FOR OPTIMIZING SOYBEAN CROP PRODUCTION IN SEMI‐ARID REGIONS
Authors: Sarai Tabrizi Mahdi , Parsinejad Masoud , Babazadeh Hossein 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTPartial root drying (PRD) has been shown to be an efficient technique that allows water savings in areas where water availability is a major concern for agricultural production. A study was designed to compare the performance of different degrees of conventional deficit irrigation and PRD techniques on soybean production. This study was conducted at the research field of the University of Tehran in Karaj, Iran, in 2008. The study consisted of four furrow irrigation treatments of full irrigation (FI) (100% soil moisture deficit compensation), conventional deficit irrigation at 50% (DI50%), 75% (DI75%) and partial root drying at 50% (PRD50%) soil moisture deficit compensation, with three replications. The results showed that water productivity (WP) in the PRD50% treatment was 70.1, 61.9 and 48.3% higher than the FI, DI75% and DI50% treatments, respectively. Based on the economic analysis, the results showed that under limited land conditions (when arable land availability and not water is the limiting factor), the DI75% treatment is recommended as a preferred management scheme, whereas, under unlimited land conditions, PRD50% was more efficient. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.