bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of objective sleep duration with cognition and brain aging biomarkers in older adults
Authors: Tang Shi , Liu Rui , Ren Juan , Song Lin , Dong Lingling , Qin Yu , Zhao Mingqing , Wang Yongxiang , Dong Yi , Zhao Tong , Liu Cuicui , Hou Tingting , Cong Lin , Sindi Shireen , Winblad Bengt , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The neuropathological mechanisms underlying the association between sleep duration and mild cognitive impairment remain poorly understood. This population-based study included 2032 dementia-free people (age ≥ 60 years; 55.1% women) derived from participants in the Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in Rural China; of these, data were available in 841 participants for Alzheimer’s plasma biomarkers (e.g. amyloid-β, total tau and neurofilament light chain), 1044 for serum microvascular biomarkers (e.g. soluble adhesion molecules) and 834 for brain MRI biomarkers (e.g. whiter matter, grey matter, hippocampus, lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces and white matter hyperintensity WMH). We used electrocardiogram-based cardiopulmonary coupling analysis to measure sleep duration, a neuropsychological test battery to assess cognitive function and the Petersen’s criteria to define mild cognitive impairment. Data were analysed with multivariable logistic and general linear models. In the total sample (n = 2032), 510 participants were defined with mild cognitive impairment, including 438 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and 72 with non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Long sleep duration (&gt;8 versus 6–8 h) was significantly associated with increased likelihoods of mild cognitive impairment and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment and lower scores in global cognition, verbal fluency, attention and executive function (Bonferroni-corrected P &lt; 0.05). In the subsamples, long sleep duration was associated with higher plasma amyloid-β40 and total tau, a lower amyloid-β42/amyloid-β40 ratio and smaller grey matter volume (Bonferroni-corrected P &lt; 0.05). Sleep duration was not significantly associated with serum-soluble adhesion molecules, white matter hyperintensity volume, global enlarged perivascular spaces and lacunes (P &gt; 0.05). Alzheimer’s and neurodegenerative pathologies may represent common pathways linking long sleep duration with mild cognitive impairment and low cognition in older adults.
Ectopic Pregnancy as Previable Delivery
Authors: Buskmiller Cara 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Inside and outside of a Christian worldview, bioethicists have discussed ectopic pregnancy at some length as a maternal-fetal vital conflict. Most bioethicists agree that methotrexate and salpingostomy are low-risk, successful interventions for this life-threatening pathology, and are thus beneficent, just, and wholly acceptable. A small cohort of Christian, largely Catholic, bioethicists have reservations about methotrexate and salpingostomy, but cannot resolve their internal disputes about these because of flawed casuistry. This paper aims to settle the issue about whether methotrexate and salpingostomy are acceptable within a Catholic worldview: despite the best arguments in favor of methotrexate as a moral option, it is morally unacceptable, and despite hesitation about salpingostomy related to analogies with previable delivery, it is the optimal procedure for ectopic pregnancy.
Relative saliency affects attentional capture and suppression of color and face singleton distractors: evidence from event-related potential studies
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhang Hai , Fu Shimin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Prior research has yet to fully elucidate the impact of varying relative saliency between target and distractor on attentional capture and suppression, along with their underlying neural mechanisms, especially when social (e.g. face) and perceptual (e.g. color) information interchangeably serve as singleton targets or distractors, competing for attention in a search array. Here, we employed an additional singleton paradigm to investigate the effects of relative saliency on attentional capture (as assessed by N2pc) and suppression (as assessed by PD) of color or face singleton distractors in a visual search task by recording event-related potentials. We found that face singleton distractors with higher relative saliency induced stronger attentional processing. Furthermore, enhancing the physical salience of colors using a bold color ring could enhance attentional processing toward color singleton distractors. Reducing the physical salience of facial stimuli by blurring weakened attentional processing toward face singleton distractors; however, blurring enhanced attentional processing toward color singleton distractors because of the change in relative saliency. In conclusion, the attentional processes of singleton distractors are affected by their relative saliency to singleton targets, with higher relative saliency of singleton distractors resulting in stronger attentional capture and suppression; faces, however, exhibit some specificity in attentional capture and suppression due to high social saliency.
Bictegravir Use During Pregnancy: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis Evaluating HIV Viral Suppression and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Holt Lauren M , Short William R , Momplaisir Florence , Hyun Eleanor , McKinney Jennifer , Lugo Morales Andrea , Duque Alejandra , Druyan Brian , Ndubizu Chima , Duthely Luthita , Joseph Naima , Sheth Anandi N , Badell Martina L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study describes the largest cohort to date (n = 147) of pregnant patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on bictegravir (BIC). BIC in pregnancy was associated with high levels of viral suppression and perinatal outcomes similar to those in the published literature. These findings support consideration for the use of BIC in managing HIV during pregnancy.
Performance of Urinalysis Parameters in Predicting Urinary Tract Infection: Does One Size Fit All?
Authors: Advani Sonali D , North Rebecca , Turner Nicholas A , Ahmadi Sahra , Denniss Julia , Francis Adero , Johnson Rachel , Hasan Anum , Mirza Faryal , Pardue Sarah , Rao Meghana , Rosshandler Yasmin , Tang Helen , Schmader Kenneth E , Anderson Deverick J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In a multihospital cohort study of 3392 patients, positive urinalysis parameters had poor positive predictive value for diagnosing urinary tract infection (UTI). Combined urinalysis parameters (pyuria or nitrite) performed better than pyuria alone for ruling out UTI. However, performance of all urinalysis parameters was poor in older women.
Long-term pituitary function and functional and patient-reported outcomes in severe acquired brain injury
Authors: Marina Djordje , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Klose Marianne 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
Assessment of posttraumatic hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunctions is expected to be the most relevant assessment to offer patients with severe intracranial affection. In this study, we aim to investigate the prevalence of hypopituitarism in patients with severe acquired traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared with nontraumatic brain injury (NTBI) and to relate pituitary insufficiency to functional and patient-reported outcomes.

Design
This is a prospective study.

Methods
We included patients admitted for inpatient neurorehabilitation after severe TBI (N = 42) and NTBI (N = 18). The patients underwent a pituitary function assessment at a mean of 2.4 years after the injury. Functional outcome was assessed by using Functional Independence Measure and Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (both 1 year after discharge from neurorehabilitation) and patient-reported outcome was assessed by using Multiple Fatigue Inventory-20 and EQ-5D-3L.

Results
Hypopituitarism was reported in 10/42 (24%) patients with TBI and 7/18 (39%) patients with NTBI (P = .23). Insufficiencies affected 1 axis in 14/17 (82%) patients (13 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and 1 growth hormone [GH] deficiency) and 2 axes in 3/17 (18%) patients (1 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and GH deficiency, and 2 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and arginin vasopressin deficiency). None had central hypoadrenalism or central hypothyroidism. In patients with both TBI and NTBI, pituitary status was unrelated to functioning and ability scores at 1 year and to patient-reported outcome scores at a mean of 2.4 years after the injury.

Conclusion
Patients with severe acquired brain injury may develop long-term hypothalamus–pituitary insufficiency, with an equal occurrence in patients with TBI and NTBI. In both types of patients, mainly isolated deficiencies, most commonly affecting the gonadal axis, were seen. Insufficiencies were unrelated to functional outcomes and patient-reported outcomes, probably reflecting the complexity and heterogeneous manifestations in both patient groups.
Did Alexander Utendal really compose the motet Angelus Domini a23 in A-Wn, HAN Cod. 9814?
Authors: Rainer Bernhard 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The collection HAN Cod. 9814 in the Austrian National Library contains the motet Angelus Domini a23 attributed to the composer Alexander Utendal (after 1530–1581), copied by the scribe Georg Khues (fl.1579–1621) apparently as a gift for Emperor Matthias (1557–1619) on his 60th birthday on 24 February 1617. Although the very unusual scoring of the composition, with 23 voices in four choirs, immediately raises doubts, the attribution of the work to Utendal has not been questioned in the literature so far. After a thorough compositional and textual analysis, the present study will suggest that Angelus Domini was not written by Utendal, but by a representative of the Venetian polychoral school around 1600. Furthermore, the compositional device of two low voices in unison in tutti sections, used in Angelus Dominus a23, is taken as a reference point to place the motet in the vicinity of similar works known to have been written by composers active at the court of Ferdinand II (1578–1637) in Graz.
Aspirin hypersensitivity: a practical guide for cardiologists
Authors: Grimaldi Silvia , Migliorini Paola , Puxeddu Ilaria , Rossini Roberta , De Caterina Raffaele 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aspirin has been known for a long time and currently stays as a cornerstone of antithrombotic therapy in cardiovascular disease. In patients with either acute or chronic coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention aspirin is mandatory in a dual antiplatelet therapy regimen for prevention of stent thrombosis and/or new ischaemic events. Aspirin is also currently a first-option antithrombotic therapy after an aortic prosthetic valve replacement and is occasionally required in addition to oral anticoagulants after implantation of a mechanical valve. Presumed or demonstrated aspirin hypersensitivity is a main clinical problem, limiting the use of a life-saving medication. In the general population, aspirin hypersensitivity has a prevalence of 0.6%–2.5% and has a plethora of clinical presentations, ranging from aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease to anaphylaxis. Although infrequent, when encountered in clinical practice aspirin hypersensitivity poses for cardiologists a clinical dilemma, which should never be trivialized, avoiding—as much as possible—omission of the drug. We here review the epidemiology of aspirin hypersensitivity, provide an outline of pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical presentations, and review management options, starting from a characterization of true aspirin allergy—in contrast to intolerance—to suggestion of desensitization protocols.
Income variability and incident cardiovascular disease in diabetes: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Park Yong-Moon Mark , Baek Jong-Ha , Lee Hong Seok , Elfassy Tali , Brown Clare C , Schootman Mario , Narcisse Marie-Rachelle , Ko Seung-Hyun , McElfish Pearl A , Thomsen Michael R , Amick Benjamin C , Lee Seong-Su , Han Kyungdo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Longitudinal change in income is crucial in explaining cardiovascular health inequalities. However, there is limited evidence for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with income dynamics over time among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods
Using a nationally representative sample from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 1 528 108 adults aged 30–64 with T2D and no history of CVD were included from 2009 to 2012 (mean follow-up of 7.3 years). Using monthly health insurance premium information, income levels were assessed annually for the baseline year and the four preceding years. Income variability was defined as the intraindividual standard deviation of the percent change in income over 5 years. The primary outcome was a composite event of incident fatal and nonfatal CVD (myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke) using insurance claims. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated after adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
High-income variability was associated with increased CVD risk (HRhighest vs. lowest quartile 1.25, 95% CI 1.22–1.27; Ptrend &lt; .001). Individuals who experienced an income decline (4 years ago vs. baseline) had increased CVD risk, which was particularly notable when the income decreased to the lowest level (i.e. Medical Aid beneficiaries), regardless of their initial income status. Sustained low income (i.e. lowest income quartile) over 5 years was associated with increased CVD risk (HRn = 5 years vs. n = 0 years 1.38, 95% CI 1.35–1.41; Ptrend &lt; .0001), whereas sustained high income (i.e. highest income quartile) was associated with decreased CVD risk (HRn = 5 years vs. n = 0 years 0.71, 95% CI 0.70–0.72; Ptrend &lt; .0001). Sensitivity analyses, exploring potential mediators, such as lifestyle-related factors and obesity, supported the main results.

Conclusions
Higher income variability, income declines, and sustained low income were associated with increased CVD risk. Our findings highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms by which income dynamics impact CVD risk among individuals with T2D.
Device-specific quality of life: results from the ATLAS trial—avoid transvenous leads in appropriate subjects
Authors: Carroll Sandra L , Mondésert Blandine , Krahn Andrew D , Bashir Jamil G , Fisher Kathryn , Nair Kalpana , Healey Jeff S 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) provide important insights into patients’ acceptance of their medical devices. Avoid Transvenous Leads in Appropriate Subjects (ATLAS), a randomized, multi-centre, open-label clinical trial, recently reported fewer perioperative complications in subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) compared with transvenous ICD (TV-ICD) patients. This study reports PROs, including device-specific and generic quality of life (QOL), from the ATLAS trial.

Methods and results
Device-specific QOL was the primary PRO using the Florida Patient Acceptance Survey (FPAS) at 1 and 6 months’ post-implantation. Secondary outcomes included generic QOL using the Medical Outcomes Survey (SF-36) pre-implant and 6 months’ post-implantation. The FPAS and SF-36 were analysed using analysis of covariance. Pain measured using a Numeric Rating Scale, at 1 and 6 months, anaesthetic, body mass index, and within/between differences were analysed using descriptive statistics and mixed-effects linear models. Of the 503 patients randomized in ATLAS, 404 had complete FPAS data to be included in this analysis. Participant characteristics were balanced. There were no significant differences between S-ICD and TV-ICD for the FPAS or SF-36, across time points. Mean total FPAS scores increased from 73.73 (16.09) to 77.05 (16.13) and 74.43 (15.35) to 78.25 (15.88) for S-ICD and TV-ICD, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Patient-reported outcomes suggested that both devices were associated with good QOL.

Conclusion
Device-specific and generic QOL were similar between S-ICD and TV-ICD groups up to 6 months’ post-implantation, indicating that regardless of device type, both groups reported good device-specific QOL in ATLAS patients. Subcutaneous ICD patients reported higher pain scores at implant, but pain decreased by 6 months. The findings offer evidence that can be included during shared decision-making. The inclusion of patient partners in ATLAS provided an opportunity to measure PROs that were deemed important to patients.

Registration
ClinialTrials.gov: NCT02881255
Deletion of yghZ in Escherichia coli promotes growth in presence of furfural with xylose as carbon source
Authors: Jilani S Bilal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Thermo-acidic pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is required to make it amenable to microbial metabolism and results in generation of furfural due to breakdown of pentose sugars. Furfural is toxic to microbial metabolism and results in reduced microbial productivity and increased production costs. This study asks if deletion of yghZ gene which encodes a NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase enzyme results in improved furfural tolerance in Escherichia coli host. The ∆yghZ strain—SSK201–was tested for tolerance to furfural in presence of 5% xylose as a carbon source in AM1 minimal medium. At 96 h and in presence of 1.0 g/L furfural, the culture harboring strain SSK201 displayed 4.5-fold higher biomass, 2-fold lower furfural concentration and 15.75-fold higher specific growth rate (µ) as compared to the parent strain SSK42. The furfural tolerance advantage of SSK201 was retained when the carbon source was switched to glucose in AM1 medium and was lost in rich LB medium. The findings have potential to be scaled up to a hydrolysate culture medium, which contains furan inhibitors and lack nutritionally rich components, under bioreactor cultivation and observe growth advantage of the ∆yghZ host. It harbors potential to generate robust industrial strains which can convert lignocellulosic carbon into metabolites of interest in a cost-efficient manner.
Gastrointestinal microbiota-directed nutritional and therapeutic interventions for inflammatory bowel disease: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Paudel Devendra , Nair Divek V T , Joseph Grace , Castro Rita , Tiwari Amit K , Singh Vishal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Evidence-based research has confirmed the role of gastrointestinal microbiota in regulating intestinal inflammation. These data have generated interest in developing microbiota-based therapies for the prevention and management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite in-depth understanding of the etiology of IBD, it currently lacks a cure and requires ongoing management. Accumulating data suggest that an aberrant gastrointestinal microbiome, often referred to as dysbiosis, is a significant environmental instigator of IBD. Novel microbiome-targeted interventions including prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplant, and small molecule microbiome modulators are being evaluated as therapeutic interventions to attenuate intestinal inflammation by restoring a healthy microbiota composition and function. In this review, the effectiveness and challenges of microbiome-centered interventions that have the potential to alleviate intestinal inflammation and improve clinical outcomes of IBD are explored.
Reframing Fall Prevention and Risk Management as a Chronic Condition Through the Lens of the Expanded Chronic Care Model: Will Integrating Clinical Care and Public Health Improve Outcomes?
Authors: Vincenzo Jennifer L , Bergen Gwen , Casey Colleen M , Eckstrom Elizabeth 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Falls are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adults aged 65 years and older (older adults) and are increasingly recognized as a chronic condition. Yet, fall-related care is infrequently provided in a chronic care context despite fall-related death rates increasing by 41% between 2012 and 2021. One of the many challenges to addressing falls is the absence of fall-focused chronic disease management programs, which improve outcomes of other chronic conditions, like diabetes. Policies, information systems, and clinical-community connections help form the backbone of chronic disease management programs, yet these elements are often missing in fall prevention. Reframing fall prevention through the Expanded Chronic Care Model (ECCM) guided by implementation science to simultaneously support the uptake of evidence-based practices could help improve the care of older adults at risk for falling. The ECCM includes seven components: (1) self-management/develop personal skills, (2) decision support, (3) delivery system design/re-orient health services, (4) information systems, (5) build healthy public policy, (6) create supportive environments, and (7) strengthen community action. Applying the ECCM to falls-related care by integrating health care delivery system changes, community resources, and public policies to support patient-centered engagement for self-management offers the potential to prevent falls more effectively among older adults.
Simulating squirt flow in realistic rock models using graphical processing units (GPUs)
Authors: Alkhimenkov Yury 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARY
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of seismic attenuation and moduli dispersion in fluid-saturated cracked porous rocks is of great importance for the development of non-invasive methods to characterize the subsurface. Wave-induced fluid flow at the pore scale, so-called squirt flow, is responsible for seismic attenuation and moduli dispersion at sonic and ultra-sonic frequencies and may be relevant at seismic frequencies. The squirt flow associated attenuation is usually quantified using analytical models. However, numerical experiments suggest that the squirt flow related dissipation is sensitive to fine details of the pore geometry, which can only be modelled numerically. Most of the existing numerical studies explore this phenomenon using simplified models, and there is a lack of numerical studies that model the physics in realistic pore geometries with sufficient numerical resolution. As a result, the impact of wave-induced fluid flow on the effective static and time-dependent mechanical characteristics in realistic settings is still poorly understood. I address these issues by developing a numerical method to model the effective mechanical properties of a hydromechanically coupled system at the pore scale suitable for graphical processing units. A numerical evaluation of attenuation and modulus dispersion due to squirt flow in models based on 3-D microtomography images of cracked Carrara marble is presented. It is shown that the local hydraulic conductivity can be quantitatively estimated from the numerically evaluated effective properties. The accuracy of the numerical results is carefully analysed. This study improves the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of attenuation and moduli dispersion in fluid-saturated cracked rocks. The new method can be applied to model squirt flow for entire laboratory samples in the centimetre scale which was not possible a decade ago.