bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing effective interventions for working parents: a web‐based survey of parents in the UK workforce
Authors: Sanders Matthew R. , Haslam Divna M. , Calam Rachel , Southwell Clare , Stallman Helen M. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine working parents' experiences and attitudes and to determine if these differ according to gender. Three areas were investigated: level of reported difficulties in parenting and balancing work and family; parental perceptions about the workplace as a context for the delivery of parenting support; and employee preferences for intervention features.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 721 employed parents in the UK were recruited via their organisation and completed a web‐based survey.FindingsA total of 41 percent of parents reported their children had significant behaviour problems and 85 percent stated that worksite parenting interventions should be made available. A clear preference was found for evidence‐based interventions delivered by trained practitioners. The vast majority of men (86 percent) and women (90 percent) reported they would attend a workplace parenting intervention if one were available.Originality/valueThe need to tailor programmes to the needs of parents is increasingly accepted. This paper analyses the potential for tailoring an evidence‐based programme for parents in the workplace. It suggests that the provision of workplace parenting programmes may benefit the organisation and the individual and increase parental access to services.
Support from the Start: effective programmes from birth to two years
Authors: Sutton Carole , Murray Lynne , Glover Vivette 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to update the chapter by Sutton and Murray in Support from the Start by providing an overview of: research linking the development and experiences of infants and toddlers with the risks of later antisocial behaviour; and evidence on effective interventions for children aged 0‐2 and their families.Design/methodology/approachThe authors give a narrative review on the effects on mothers and their babies of postnatal depression.FindingsThe review examines the effects on mothers and their babies of postnatal depression, impaired bonding, insecure attachment as well as the impact of maltreatment in childhood. It considers a number of evidence‐based preventive interventions implemented in the UK to help children aged 0‐2 and their parents.Originality/valueThe paper provides an overview of recent evidence for the factors contributing to difficulties for parents of young children and identifies interventions demonstrated in high‐quality studies to prevent or address these problems.
Economic evaluation of early childhood education in a policy context
Authors: Lee Stephanie , Drake Elizabeth , Pennucci Annie , Bjornstad Gretchen , Edovald Triin 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThis paper seeks to describe a cost‐benefit analysis of early childhood education programmes.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis utilises the best evidence available for early education programmes, combined with data from Washington State and economic literature to determine the monetary implications of these programmes.FindingsThe results indicate that early childhood education can yield benefits that substantially outweigh the costs of the programmes. In addition, these benefits were found to apply in many different public sector areas.Originality/valueThe paper offers an analytic model to determine the long‐term benefits of early intervention programmes.
Early interveners: “Leave your comfort zone!”
Authors: Allen Graham 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe prominence of late intervention in service delivery culture contrasts with the depth of scientific evidence that demonstrates the advantage of intervening early to prevent the development of social dysfunction and problems. The paper seeks to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on the author's experience as a leading UK politician advocating the greater use of evidence‐based early intervention approaches, including in two independent reviews to Government.FindingsEarly intervention programmes not only deliver better outcomes for children and families, but also yield substantial service savings and provide significant returns on investment. An Early Intervention Foundation, independent of government oversight, will respond to localised demand for evidence‐based interventions, and disseminate the body of science in a digestible and practical form.Originality/valueThe paper argues that the Early Intervention Foundation will lead a cultural shift towards localised, evidenced‐based services funded by evolving and innovative finance methods.
(Ir)responsible mothers? Cape Verdeans and Portuguese social care
Authors: Challinor Elizabeth P. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to examine encounters between Cape Verdean student mothers and Portuguese professionals in the social care sector, and look at what kinds of care relations were established and whether culture is a significant factor.Design/methodology/approachThe approach was participant observation in appointments, the dynamics of which were examined within a broader analysis of the workings of “authoritative knowledge” and how this interlocks with “cultural authority”.FindingsThe workings of “authoritative knowledge” obscured the influences of the professionals' own culture upon the care provided. The women were thus treated as “problems” in need of “solutions”, in order to conform to normative models of responsible citizens and mothers. By treating issues of birth control and good parenting in isolation from the women's cultural contexts, professionals' attempts to regulate and correct women's behaviour was potentially alienating.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should focus in more detail on how strategies that aim to raise awareness of and accommodate cultural differences can be institutionalized in such a way that they are not dismissed as yet another demand upon overburdened professionals. One of the main limitations of the research was that health professionals were not interviewed.Originality/valueThe article provides original ethnographic data which help to further the debate on intercultural competency for care providers.
Social control of immigrant sex workers: transforming a group recognized as “at risk” into a group viewed as “a risk”
Authors: Oliveira Alexandra 
Published: April 2012

PurposeIn this paper, the aim is to present an historical analysis to account for the association between prostitution, disease, and victimization. It also seeks to examine how stigmatization and rejection are currently focused on the immigrant sex worker.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is based on historical data about regulations in Portugal, in a recent ethnography carried out with street prostitutes and in a current study on immigrant sex workers and health care.FindingsSex workers have been recognized as a group “at risk” both because they are associated with sexually transmitted diseases and because they are acknowledged as victims of traffic and sexual exploitation. This label “group at risk” justifies some state policies often expressed in sanitary and social control measures, as regulations. Because migrant sex workers are simultaneously immigrants and sex workers they are perceived as a threat to social order and a sign of moral disorder and, so, they experience processes of rejection and stigmatization more significantly than local sex workers.Originality/valueThe knowledge of the negative consequences experienced by migrant sex workers implies an effort to produce changes in the policies and practices towards them. All those involved in research or intervention with migrant sex workers have the responsibility to be aware of the discrimination, violence, and control they are subjected to and must be committed enough to challenge them. This paper can be a contribution to that.
The care of the immigrant self: technologies of citizenship and the healthcare sector
Authors: Pussetti Chiara , Barros Vitor 
Published: April 2012

PurposeIn the public arena, immigrants are easily recognized as “vulnerable” but also “as a risk” for the social environment. They are associated with stigmatized infectious‐contagious health conditions, with deviant or disturbed behaviours, with poor education and hygiene, and with dubious morality and parental competence. This paper aims to analyse the complex array of targeted programmes designed in the last decades in Europe in order to intervene on immigrants' health practices and lifestyles.Design/methodology/approachThe paper was designed to engage with a critical approach to the healthcare sector, rendering visible the rationale behind such programmes of intervention by focusing on the relations between the representation of immigrants' health, the symbolic and physical borders of the body and the nation, the welfare state, and the contemporary politics of care.FindingsThe paper highlights: the racialization of public health and social care policy, which have been constituting migrant populations as unsanitary citizens; the intervention of social care programmes as technologies of citizenship in order to guide these populations towards specific models of body, health, behaviour and life projects; and the paradigmatic shifts in the way healthcare is perceived and deployed, and its ethical and political implications.Originality/valueBuilding on the contributions from medical anthropology, historical sociology, and governmentality studies, the paper sheds a new light on the subject by positioning the practices of healthcare on a racialized post‐colonial setting of intervening on populations constituting vulnerabilities and managing risks through medical expertise.
Middle managers on the slide
Authors: Carlström Eric D. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThis article aims to examine middle managers in health care and how their role has changed in times of fiscal constraints. It seeks to focus particularly on how cost savings influence the position of middle managers in the organisation between governance and advocacy pressure.Design/methodology/approachA total of 25 Swedish middle managers from public health care organisations during fiscal constraints were interviewed about what contributes to their positioning in the organisation.FindingsThe loyalty of middle managers is tested in the “in between” role. Excessive loyalty, in any direction, can distance a middle manager from their expected position. In times of a weakening economy, middle managers are expected to be a tool that is used by the management to communicate savings, personnel reductions, redundancies and closures. This contributes to middle managers sliding out of their role in between.Practical implicationsMiddle managers’ skills are within care itself. In times of cost savings, demands are placed on their ability to handle advanced management tasks. They need to gain a clearer insight into management control, understanding conflict management and leadership.Originality/valueThe article explains not only why middle managers slide up (take on governance roles) and down (take on advocacy roles) in the organisation, which has been described previously. It also explains why middle managers slide out (abdicate responsibility) of the role between governance and advocacy during times of fiscal limitations.
Learning leadership through practice – healthcare managers' experience
Authors: Nilsson Kerstin , Furåker Carina 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe aim of this study is to describe the experience of Swedish healthcare managers (HCMs) of learning leadership through practice.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a qualitative approach, and critical incident technique guided the data collection. Interviews with 22 hospital HCMs provided a total of 50 narratives. These narratives were categorised by classifying them according to their manifest content, and a latent content analysis resulted in categories with additional sub‐categories.FindingsLeadership learning occurred in relation to reorganisation, developmental work and conflicts. About 50 per cent of the narratives were classified as “managing conflicts”. The learning outcome in the classes was related to the categories “personal development”, “interpersonal leadership qualities” and “developing leadership strategies”. About 50 per cent of all learning outcome was a result of managing conflicts.Research limitations/implicationsTo be able to transfer the findings to a wider context in healthcare, further research into experience‐based leadership learning in healthcare is needed.Practical implicationsA majority of the narratives as well as the learning outcomes are related to managing conflicts. This indicates that in management development programmes, as well as leadership courses, the focus on conflict management should be extended, and also that HCMs need support from their employer in their conflict management duties.Originality/valueWith its use of critical incident technique, this study contributes to an understanding of HCMs' experience‐based leadership learning – a field in which limited research has been conducted.
Examining successful Iranian women entrepreneurs: an exploratory study
Authors: Javadian Golshan , Singh Robert P. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the factors impacting successful Iranian women entrepreneurs. The factors include: self‐efficacy, risk taking, negative stereotypes, and societal culture and traditions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilizes interviews conducted with a sample of successful Iranian women entrepreneurs and examines the challenges they had to overcome, as well as their success factors.FindingsChallenges caused by the negative stereotypes and traditions of Iranian society are barriers successful Iranian women entrepreneurs had to overcome. The possession of personal internal factors such as high levels of self‐efficacy and risk taking positively impacted these women's success.Research limitation/implicationsThe interviews were not conducted by the authors and were published in Farsi, so there may be interpretation and/or translation issues. However, there are few empirical studies on Iranian women entrepreneurs, and this research is one of the first that contributes to a better understanding of this important group of entrepreneurs. Further empirical research is needed to advance knowledge of Iranian women entrepreneurs.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the scarce knowledge about Iranian women entrepreneurship, by introducing readers to this unique subgroup of entrepreneurs. It represents a starting point to an important area of research.
A cross‐cultural study in the UK and Australia of pay expectations and entitlements
Authors: Davidson Marilyn J. , Wood Glenice J. , Harvey Jack T. 
Published: April 2012

PurposePrevious US research has consistently revealed females reporting lower pay expectations and entitlements compared to their male counterparts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether these gender differences still exist, specifically in British and Australian business students, or whether there has been a generation shift in attitudes.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative data were analysed from 481 (252 females and 229 males) university students, on their responses to what they “expected” to earn five years after graduation and what they thought they “deserved” to earn. Students from two British universities (n=285) and two Australian universities (n=196) participated.FindingsResults revealed that the presence of very high values (outliers) reported by a small proportion of male respondents led to apparent gender differences in perceived entitlement (deserved salary). However, appropriately modified analyses showed no significant gender differences in expected salary, deserved salary or salary difference. Differences were observed between countries; in the UK expectations and views on deserved salary were higher than those expressed in Australia. In addition, in both countries' students from higher ranking universities expected higher salaries and believed they deserved a higher salary.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample is restricted to University business students and may not generalise to other groups.Practical implicationsImplications of these findings reflect on gender pay inequities, along with methodological issues for future research.Originality/valueThis paper challenges the long‐held view that, in general, males have more positive expectations of their future salaries than females. While this has been reported in the past, the paper illustrates that in a contemporary sample across two countries, the great majority of male and female students had very similar expectations for their future salary. The paper proposes some explanations that may account for this phenomenon. The only clear gender difference observed was the presence of a small proportion of males with extremely high salary expectations; the paper highlights the necessity for appropriate statistical analysis of such highly skewed data.
Health professionals' beliefs about medication for bipolar disorder
Authors: Cooke Jennifer , Bowskill Richard , Clatworthy Jane , LeSeve Patrick , Rank Tim , Parham Rhian , Horne Rob 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare beliefs about medication prescribed for bipolar disorder across professional groups within Community Mental Health Teams (CMHTs) – psychiatric nurses, psychiatrists, support workers, social workers, and occupational therapists – who each receive different training.Design/methodology/approachParticipants (n=138) completed an adapted version of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire. ANOVAs with Tukey's post hoc tests were used to compare beliefs across professional groups.FindingsBeliefs about medication differed across professional groups, with psychiatrists believing most strongly that medication is necessary in the treatment of bipolar disorder (p<0.05) and reporting the lowest concern about its adverse effects (p<0.05). Psychiatrists and social workers were significantly more likely to believe that patients take less than instructed than occupational therapists, nurses and support workers (p<0.05).Practical implicationsThe differences in perceptions of medication across professional groups may reflect differences in training, with the role of medication traditionally being “downplayed” on some training courses. This has implications for patient adherence, as patients' beliefs about medication are likely to be influenced by those of their key workers. This is particularly relevant in terms of “New Ways of Working” where patients are likely to see psychiatrists less often.Originality/valueThis original research provides evidence to support the provision of training about medications and adherence in bipolar disorder for CMHT workers, who may not have had exposure to such training as part of their primary qualification.
Attitudes of psychiatrists, nurses and service users towards prescribing and administrating depot antipsychotic medication
Authors: Besenius Claude , Bradley Eleanor , Nolan Peter 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to ascertain the attitudes and experiences of psychiatrists, nurse prescribers, and service users with regard to the prescription of antipsychotic medication, the route of administration, and the extent of service users' involvement.Design/methodology/approachA total of 26 psychiatrists and 12 nurses agreed to be interviewed in phase one of this study, concerning general aspects of prescribing. In phase two, 11 of the psychiatrists and five nurses from the first cohort took part in follow‐up interviews that focused specifically on their most recent prescribing experiences. In phase 3 of the study, 18 service users (14 male and 4 female) were recruited, during which their experiences of having medication prescribed was explored.FindingsThis interview‐based survey found that though there was some agreement between the attitudes and perceptions of prescribers and service users, there were also some important differences including differences with respect to the purposes of prescribed medication, when to prescribe, and under what conditions depot medication produces optimal results. It is not always clear to service users as to why certain medicines were prescribed nor is the information provided always understood. A considerable amount of prescribing practice is based on assumptions.Originality/valueEven though medication (both oral and depot) has been shown to be useful in certain situations, nevertheless, the type of medication, dose and mode of administration continues to be idiosyncratic and inconsistent. This paper seeks to contribute to the debate by identifying in which pharmacological interventions for people with severe mental health problems could be improved.
The Practice Engagement Framework: a framework that assists the identification and development of the clinical role for lecturers in mental health nursing
Authors: Young Norman , Evans Nicola , Bowring‐Lossock Elizabeth 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to offer a framework that captures the clinical activity of mental health nursing academics.Design/methodology/approachThrough an exploration of relevant literature and an examination of the practices of a team of mental health nursing academics, the key clinical activities that academics were engaged in were identified.FindingsThe Practice Engagement Framework offers a structure to identify the range and breadth of clinical engagement for nursing academics.Originality/valueThis framework might be useful for other mental health academics from other professional groups such as social work and occupational therapy.
Coca‐Cola brand protection before World War II – it's the real thing!
Authors: Petty Ross D. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss the early brand protection efforts of Coca‐Cola.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines the hundreds of trademark infringement challenges brought by Coca‐Cola in courts and before the US Patent and Trademark Office and develops a tripartite system of categorizing these challenges by primary legal issue.FindingsCoca‐Cola developed several innovations in brand identity protection including challenges to a wide variety of similar names, logos and packaging, the use of detectives in service settings and the use of consumer psychological evidence in legal proceedings. Ultimately, it protected it name against those rivals that closely imitated both words in its name or words similar to Coca or Coke. However, it was unable to obtain exclusive rights to the word cola which became the generic designation for such drinks.Practical implicationsEven today, the scope of Coca‐Cola's brand protection efforts provide a useful model for modern brands. This work also presents and summarizes important historical data.Originality/valueThis study examines Coca‐Cola's brand protection efforts and legal challenges in much greater detail than previous historical works on Coca‐Cola.