bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signatures of quantum criticality in pure Cr at high pressure
Authors: Jaramillo R. , Feng Yejun , Wang J. , Rosenbaum T. F. 
Published: July 2010

The elemental antiferromagnet Cr at high pressure presents a new type of naked quantum critical point that is free of disorder and symmetry-breaking fields. Here we measure magnetotransport in fine detail around the critical pressure,
P

c

∼ 10 GPa, in a diamond anvil cell and reveal the role of quantum critical fluctuations at the phase transition. As the magnetism disappears and
T
→ 0, the magntotransport scaling converges to a non-mean-field form that illustrates the reconstruction of the magnetic Fermi surface, and is distinct from the critical scaling measured in chemically disordered Cr∶V under pressure. The breakdown of itinerant antiferromagnetism only comes clearly into view in the clean limit, establishing disorder as a relevant variable at a quantum phase transition.
Extremely slow intramolecular diffusion in unfolded protein L
Authors: Waldauer Steven A. , Bakajin Olgica , Lapidus Lisa J. 
Published: July 2010

A crucial parameter in many theories of protein folding is the rate of diffusion over the energy landscape. Using a microfluidic mixer we have observed the rate of intramolecular diffusion within the unfolded B1 domain of protein L before it folds. The diffusion-limited rate of intramolecular contact is about 20 times slower than the rate in 6 M GdnHCl, and because in these conditions the protein is also more compact, the intramolecular diffusion coefficient decreases 100–500 times. The dramatic slowdown in diffusion occurs within the 250 μs mixing time of the mixer, and there appears to be no further evolution of this rate before reaching the transition state of folding. We show that observed folding rates are well predicted by a Kramers model with a denaturant-dependent diffusion coefficient and speculate that this diffusion coefficient is a significant contribution to the observed rate of folding.
Pioglitazone in the treatment of NASH: the role of adiponectin
Authors: Gastaldelli A. , Harrison S. , Belfort‐Aguiar R. , Hardies J. , Balas B. , Schenker S. , Cusi K. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackground  Plasma adiponectin is decreased in NASH patients and the mechanism(s) for histological improvement during thiazolidinedione treatment remain(s) poorly understood.Aim  To evaluate the relationship between changes in plasma adiponectin following pioglitazone treatment and metabolic/histological improvement.Methods  We measured in 47 NASH patients and 20 controls: (i) fasting glucose, insulin, FFA and adiponectin concentrations; (ii) hepatic fat content by magnetic resonance spectroscopy; and (iii) peripheral/hepatic insulin sensitivity (by double‐tracer oral glucose tolerance test). Patients were then treated with pioglitazone (45 mg/day) or placebo and all measurements were repeated after 6 months.Results  Patients with NASH had decreased plasma adiponectin levels independent of the presence of obesity. Pioglitazone increased 2.3‐fold plasma adiponectin and improved insulin resistance, glucose tolerance and glucose clearance, steatosis and necroinflammation (all P < 0.01–0.001 vs. placebo). In the pioglitazone group, plasma adiponectin was significantly associated (r = 0.52, P = 0.0001) with hepatic insulin sensitivity and with the change in both variables (r = 0.44, P = 0.03). Increase in adiponectin concentration was related also to histological improvement, in particular, to hepatic steatosis (r = −0.46, P = 0006) and necroinflammation (r = −0.56, P < 0.0001) but importantly also to fibrosis (r = −0.29, P = 0.03).Conclusions  Adiponectin exerts an important metabolic role at the level of the liver, and its increase during pioglitazone treatment is critical to reverse insulin resistance and improve liver histology in NASH patients.
QTL detection on porcine chromosome 12 for fatty‐acid composition and association analyses of thefatty acid synthase, gastric inhibitory polypeptideandacetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase alphagenes
Authors: Muñoz G. , Alves E. , Fernández A. , Óvilo C. , Barragán C. , Estellé J. , Quintanilla R. , Folch J. M. , Silió L. , Rodríguez M. C. , Fernández A. I. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryRefinement of previous QTL on porcine chromosome 12 for fatty‐acid composition and a candidate gene association analysis were conducted using an Iberian × Landrace cross. The concentrations of ten fatty acids were assayed in backfat tissue from which four metabolic ratios were calculated for 403 F2animals. Linkage analysis identified two significant QTL. The first QTL was associated with the average chain length ratio and the percentages of myristic, palmitic and gadoleic acids. The second QTL was associated with percentages of palmitoleic, stearic and vaccenic acids. Based upon its position on SSC12,fatty acid synthasewas tested as a candidate gene for the first QTL and no significant effects were found. Similarly,gastric inhibitory polypeptide(GIP) andacetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase alpha(ACACA) were tested as candidate genes for the second QTL using three SNPs inGIPand 15 synonymous SNPs inACACAcDNA sequences. Two missense SNPs inGIPshowed significant effects with palmitoleic and stearic fatty‐acid concentration. Highly significant associations were found for two SNPs inACACAwith stearic, palmitoleic and vaccenic fatty‐acid concentrations. These associations could be due to linkage disequilibrium with the causal mutations.
Comparison of hurdle treatments for buffalo meat
Authors: Malik Altaf H. , Sharma Brahma Deo 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThree types of shelf stable buffalo meat chunks (SBM) were prepared using three types of infusion solution formulations. These contained varying percentages of glycerol, sodium chloride, propylene glycol and honey, in addition to sodium nitrite @ 100 ppm and sorbic acid @ 0.2%. Meat chunks were pasteurised at 80 °C for 20 min and then desorbed under refrigeration, drained and dried at 80 °C. The SBM processed with ISF‐3 (glycerol 6.0, propylene glycol 1.00 and sodium chloride 6.00%) had significantly lower salt and moisture content and significantly higher protein and haem pigments than the other two products. The SBM processed with ISF‐1 (glycerol 9.5, propylene glycol 1.5, sodium chloride 7.5 and honey 2.0%) had significantly lower water activity but significantly higher yield and protein solubility than other two products. The SBM processed with ISF‐2 (glycerol 2.5, propylene glycol 2.5, sodium chloride 8.5 and honey 1.0%) had significantly higher salt content and Thiobarbituric acid values than the other two products. All the three types of products had very good sensory acceptability and satisfactory microbiological qualities.
Performance of different drying methods and their effects on the chemical quality attributes of raw cocoa material
Authors: Guehi Tagro Simplice , Zahouli Irié Bi , Ban‐Koffi Louis , Fae Monké Adrien , Nemlin Jean Gnopo 
Published: July 2010

SummaryStudies were carried out to investigate the impact of different drying processes on the chemical quality traits of raw cocoa beans. The pH of less fermented cocoa is higher than the well‐fermented cocoa’s. The sun‐dried beans pH ranged from 4.5 to 5.5, while the pH of both oven‐ and mixed‐dried beans was between 3.8 and 5.2. The sun‐dried beans contained lower volatile acidity than oven‐dried beans. Artificially dried beans resulted in higher free acidity content when compared to both sun‐ and mixed‐dried beans. Ammonium nitrogen content in raw cocoa beans is not influenced by the drying methods. Free fatty acid content increases slowly but remains below the critical value of 1.75% whatever the drying processes. While oven‐dried beans show the FFA content above 0.70% both of sun‐ and mixed‐dried beans are associated with FFA content below 0.70%.
ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric analysis applied to discrimination of landrace maize flours produced in southern Brazil
Authors: Kuhnen Shirley , Ogliari Juliana Bernardi , Dias Paulo Fernando , Boffo Elisangela Fabiana , Correia Isabel , Ferreira Antônio Gilberto , Delgadillo Ivonne , Maraschin Marcelo 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThis work aims at discriminating flours of 26 maize landraces from southern Brazil, by using the Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics (principal components analysis – PCA). PCA applied to the FTIR spectra in the 3‐600 (whole spectrum) and 1650–1500 cm−1 (fingerprint region of proteins) spectral windows clearly discriminated the Amarelão landrace. Quantitative and semi‐qualitative analysis of proteins showed a wide range among the fractions, mainly of prolamine (13.47–28.43 g Kg−1) and glutelin (5.57–30.98 g Kg−1) contents. Pixurum 6, Pixurum 5, and MPA1 landraces are of superior nutritional value for their albumin, globulin, and glutelin contents. PCA of the spectral dataset in the fingerprint region to carbohydrates (1200–950 and 1065–950 cm−1) also including commercial standards of amylose and amylopectin was able in separating the Moroti genotype, which grouped with the amylopectin standard. Thus, ATR‐FTIR and PCA showed to be useful tools for the quick screening and discrimination of maize with distinct chemical composition.
Resistance of industrial mango peel waste to pectin degradation prior to by‐product drying
Authors: Sirisakulwat Suparat , Sruamsiri Pittaya , Carle Reinhold , Neidhart Sybille 
Published: July 2010

SummarySusceptibility of industrial mango peel waste to pectin degradation during storage at ambient conditions (25 °C, 63% relative humidity) for up to 5 h before by‐product stabilisation by drying was explored. Depending on the interim storage period in the wet state, pectins were recovered from the dried peels by hot‐acid extraction. Most important, pectin degradation during the temporary storage of the wet peels was insignificant, as revealed by yields, composition, average molecular properties, and techno‐functional quality. Hardly acetylated (DAc 2.5–4.5%), rapid‐set high‐methoxyl pectins were obtained at starch‐corrected net yields of 14.1–15.6 g hg−1. Irrelevant de‐esterification during peel storage in the wet state was confirmed by overall uniform setting temperatures. Arabinogalactans, uniformly indicated by high molar galactose/rhamnose ratios of 13.8–16.9 mol/mol and an arabinose percentage of 9.5–14.4 mol hmol−1of galactose residues, affected the galacturonide contents, intrinsic viscosities, and gel strengths throughout. The wet peels, derived from widespread manual peeling in mango canning, tolerated intermediate storage for 5 h, thus facilitating by‐product stabilisation on smaller scales.
Effect of processing on the amino acid content of New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides Pall. Kuntze)
Authors: Słupski Jacek , Achrem‐Achremowicz Jacek , Lisiewska Zofia , Korus Anna 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of processing on the amino acid content and protein quality of New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides Pall. Kuntze). In this research, fresh and cooked New Zealand spinach as well as two frozen products prepared for consumption, one obtained using the traditional method (blanching–freezing–storage–cooking) and the other a convenience food product obtained using a modified process (cooking–freezing–storage–defrosting and heating in a microwave oven), were analysed. Glutamic acid was the dominant amino acid in fresh New Zealand spinach, and the limiting amino acids were cystine and methionine. Technological and culinary processing caused a significant increase in amino acid content in 100 g of edible portion, with the exception of methionine and cystine in frozen products prepared for eating. Changes in amino acid content expressed in g/16 g of N (which corresponded to 100 g tissue protein) were not significant, with the exception of the lower glutamic acid content in the frozen product obtained using traditional processing method.
Mango film coated for fresh‐cut mango in modified atmosphere packaging
Authors: Sothornvit Rungsinee , Rodsamran Patratip 
Published: July 2010

SummaryMango puree is known to have good oxygen barrier properties. Therefore, mango film on its own might be useful to extend the shelf life of fresh‐cut mango. In this study, fresh‐cut mango was wrapped with mango film and packed in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). Each package was stored at 30 °C or 5 °C and sensory evaluation was performed to determine its quality and shelf life. The shelf life of uncoated and coated fresh‐cut mango pieces was 6 days for each at 5 °C and was 3 and 4 days, respectively, at 30 °C. The sensory evaluation indicated that coated fresh‐cut mango was slower to produce an off‐flavour and maintained better visual quality than uncoated mango at 30 °C. Nonetheless, coated fresh‐cut mango was softer than uncoated mango because of the hydrophilic nature of the mango film. No significant difference in the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations was observed between coated and uncoated fresh‐cut mango. Coating fresh‐cut mango with mango film showed a similar effect to MAP in prolonging the shelf life of the fresh produce. The use of the coating will enhance fruit quality and lead to better acceptance by consumers.
Equilibrium moisture content and heat of desorption of saffron
Authors: Gazor Hamid Reza , Chaji Hossein 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe equilibrium moisture contents of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigmas were determined experimentally using the standard gravimetric method at temperatures 30, 45 and 60 °C and water activity ranging from 11% to 83%. The sorption isotherm curves of saffron were sigmoidal in shape and decreased with increased temperature at constant relative humidity. Five selected isotherm models GAB, modified Henderson, modified Chung‐Pfost, modified Halsaey and modified Oswin were tested to fit the experimental isotherm data. Modified Oswin and modified Henderson models were found acceptable for predicting desorption moisture isotherms and fitting to the experimental data, respectively. The isosteric heats of desorption, determined from equilibrium data using the Clausius‐Clapeyron equation, were found to be a function of moisture content. The net isosteric heat of desorption of saffron varied between 1.38 and 5.38 kJ mol−1 at moisture content varying between 2% and 20% (d.b).
Use of visible spectroscopy to assess colour development during ageing of fresh pork from different quality classes
Authors: Castro‐Giráldez Marta , Fito Pedro J. , Toldrá Fidel , Fito Pedro 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe objective of this research was to study the entire visible spectra evolution during meat ageing in different pork meat quality classes (PSE, DFD and RFN). The potential use of the visible spectra for discriminating low meat quality classes during the 24 hours postmortem (hpm) was also analysed. For these purposes, 26 pork loins were used: 3 PSE (pale, soft and exudative), 3 DFD (dark, firm and dry) and 20 RFN (red, firm and non‐exudative). At 12, 24, 48 h and 7 days postmortem, reflectance spectra (400–700 nm) were obtained by a spectrocolorimeter Minolta CM‐3600D after one and a half hour of blooming time. It was demonstrated that the ageing time has an influence in colour parameters and in blooming ability of RFN loins. The evolution of visible spectra was influenced by ageing time in PSE and RFN loins, while the visible spectra of DFD loins showed no variation with postmortem time. The results showed the possibility of separating PSE meats from the other classes by using visible reflectance spectra at 24 hpm.
Effect of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) flour addition on the quality of wheat‐based cake
Authors: Chinma Chiemela Enyinnaya , Abu Joseph Oneh , Abubakar Yusuf Aisha 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe effect of substituting tigernut flour for wheat flour on the proximate, mineral and pasting properties of the resultant blends and cake quality were studied. The proximate composition of flour blends increased with increasing level of tigernut. Protein increased from 22.30 to 26.93% and fat from 4.17 to 7.21% resulting in an increase in energy value from 342.09 to 390.93 kcal. The pasting properties of the flour blends were affected significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by tigernut substitution. Pasting peak time and temperature decreased with increasing level of tigernut. Mineral elements such as iron and calcium increased from 3.13 to 4.19 and 54.01 to 56.41 (mg 100 g−1) respectively, with tigernut substitution. The weight and volume of cakes increased with tigernut level while batter density and volume index decreased. Acceptable cakes can be made with up to 30% tigernut flour substitution. Such composite cakes may help in reducing protein energy and micronutrient deficiencies.
Response surface optimisation for the extraction of phenolics and flavonoids from a pink guava puree industrial by‐product
Authors: Kong Kin‐Weng , Ismail Abdul Razak , Tan Seok‐Tyug , Nagendra Prasad Krishna Murthy , Ismail Amin 
Published: July 2010

SummaryPink guava puree industry produces huge amount of by‐products that have potential as sources for polyphenols. Response surface methodology was implemented to optimise the extraction conditions for phenolics (Y1) and flavonoids (Y2) from a by‐product of the guava industry. A three‐factor inscribed central composite design was employed to determine the effects of three independent variables, namely pH (X1: 2–6), temperature (X2: 40–60 °C) and time (X3: 1–5 h), on the response variables. The corresponding predicted values for phenolics and flavonoids were 336.30 and 427.35 mg 100 g−1, respectively. Predicted values for extraction rates of phenolics agreed well with experiment values; R2 of 0.902. However, the model derived for flavonoids extraction was less reliable; R2 of 0.983. Increase in time and temperature was found significant in increasing the extraction rate. The optimum conditions for extracting phenolics by ethanolic solvent occurred at a pH of 2 and 60 °C for a 5‐h extraction.
A metabolic switch is involved in lifestyle decisions in Photorhabdus luminescens
Authors: Lango Lea , Clarke David J. 
Published: July 2010

Summary Photorhabdus luminescens is a species of Gram‐negative bacteria that is pathogenic to insects while also maintaining a mutualistic association with nematodes from the family Heterorhabditis. P. luminescens elaborates an extensive secondary metabolism during the post‐exponential phase of growth that includes the production of an antibiotic called 3‐5‐dihydroxy‐4‐isopropylstilbene (ST), an anthraquinone pigment (AQ) and bioluminescence. In this study we identified a mutant that was unable to produce ST, AQ and light. This mutation was found to be in the mdh gene, encoding malate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Interestingly the mdh mutant was unaffected in virulence but was unable to support nematode growth and development in vivo or in vitro. This clearly establishes that secondary metabolism in P. luminescens is required for the mutualistic interaction with the nematode. Furthermore, the construction of mutations in key genes in other central metabolic pathways confirmed the critical role for the TCA cycle in both secondary metabolism and mutualism, but not in virulence. Therefore, we conclude that the TCA cycle is required for the transition of P. luminescens from pathogen to mutualist implicating the involvement of a metabolic switch in the regulation of lifestyle decisions in this bacterium.
A single qrr gene is necessary and sufficient for LuxO‐mediated regulation in Vibrio fischeri
Authors: Miyashiro Tim , Wollenberg Michael S. , Cao Xiaodan , Oehlert Dane , Ruby Edward G. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryAll members of the Vibrionaceae harbour LuxO, a response regulator that integrates outputs from various signalling systems, ultimately controlling specific traits that are crucial to the distinct biology of each species. LuxO is phosphorylated in response to low cell density, activating the transcription of a family of small RNAs called Qrrs, which in turn, control the levels of a global regulatory protein conserved within the Vibrionaceae. Although the function of each Qrr is similar, the number of qrr genes varies among the different species. Using a bioinformatics approach, we have determined the number of qrr genes in fully sequenced Vibrionaceae members. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the most recent common ancestor of all Vibrionaceae shared a single, ancestral qrr gene, which duplicated and diverged into multiple qrr genes in some present‐day vibrio lineages. To demonstrate that a single qrr gene is sufficient to mediate repression of LitR, the global regulator in Vibrio fischeri, we have performed a series of genetic and phenotypic analyses of the LuxO pathway and its output. Our studies contribute to a better understanding of the ancestral state of these pathways in vibrios, as well as to the evolution and divergence of other sRNAs within different bacterial lineages.
Costs and Benefits of Sociality Differ Between Female Guanacos Living in Contrasting Ecological Conditions
Authors: Marino Andrea 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAccording to current theory, anti‐predator benefits promote group formation in open‐dwelling ungulates. An inverse relationship between vigilance effort and group size has been documented frequently and thought to reflect the consequent decrease in perceived predation risk as group size increases. In contrast, competition costs are supposed to set the upper limit to the number of individuals that can forage together. As anti‐predator behavior is no longer functional in the absence of predation and competition costs might be affected by resource distribution, the net benefit of aggregation will depend on the particular combination of predation risk and habitat structure experienced by the individual. To test this hypothesis, group‐size effects on female time allocation and within‐group aggression rate were compared between two guanaco populations exposed to contrasting levels of puma predation. Habitat structure within both sites consisted of mosaics of shrublands and grasslands, and group‐size effects were also compared between these habitat types. Females under predation risk showed a strong reduction in vigilance as the number of adults in the group increased, whereas females from the predator‐free population showed overall low levels of vigilance, regardless of group size. These results emphasize the anti‐predator significance of the group‐size effect on female vigilance, as well as guanaco plasticity to adjust time allocation to local conditions. On the other hand, within‐group aggression rate increased with the number of adults in the group. Aggression rate was almost null within groups located in grasslands but was significantly higher in shrublands, regardless of predation risk, suggesting that the more heterogeneous distribution of shrubs increases the interference competition level. These results strengthen the notion of predation pressure and habitat structure as major determinants of the balance between costs and benefits of group living, and highlight the potential of individual behavioral patterns to make qualitative predictions about group‐size variation within territorial ungulates.