bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antigen Selection in IgE Antibodies from Individuals with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Pratt Eleanor , Collins Andrew M. , Sewell William A. , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: November 2010

Background It is generally assumed that all immunoglobulin isotopes develop under antigen selection pressure, leading to dramatic increases in antigen-binding affinity. As activated B cells proliferate, somatic mutations accumulate in the regions of the immunoglobulin gene associated with antigen binding. Emerging evidence from studies investigating mutations in variable region sequences of IgE antibodies suggest that IgE may develop under less selection pressure than other isotypes. Recent studies have focused on IgE mutation patterns in sequences from the blood of allergic individuals. There is, however, little evidence of these patterns in IgE sequences isolated from tissue. Methods Seminested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the V region of IgE sequences from nasal tissue of individuals with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs). IgE sequences were analyzed for evidence of antigen selection and compared with previously reported IgE sequences from other inflammatory and allergic disorders and nonallergic individuals. Results IgE sequences were successfully amplified from four individuals with CRSwNPs. Of 217 sequences amplified, 38 were unique, 31 of which were from tissue. Identification of the IGHV, IGHD, and IGHJ genes making up each sequence showed overrepresentation of an unusual gene in one individual, but otherwise normal gene usage. Mutation analysis revealed that only 5 of the 31 unique sequences from tissue show clear evidence of antigen selection. Conclusion With little influence from antigen selection, IgE antibodies are unlikely to be highly specific for antigens. Consequently, these findings have significant implications for the relevance of specific IgE, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin or fungal-specific IgE, in CRSwNP pathogenesis. Whether specific IgE expression is tightly related to pathogenesis or is merely a byproduct of B-cell interactions in local mucosa with colonizing organisms remains unresolved.
Mometasone Furoate Nasal Spray Provides Early, Continuing Relief of Nasal Congestion and Improves Nasal Patency in Allergic Patients
Authors: Salapatek Anne Marie , Patel Piyush , Gopalan Gokul , Varghese Santosh T. 
Published: November 2010

Background Patients report nasal congestion as the most bothersome seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) symptom. Measurement of this symptom in previous research has largely been based on subjective patient ratings. This study was designed to measure efficacy, onset, and duration of action of the corticosteroid mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS) on nasal congestion using an environmental exposure chamber (EEC) and the objective assessment acoustic rhinometry (AcR). Methods In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, ragweed-sensitive subjects were exposed to ragweed pollen (3500 ± 500 pollen grains/m3) in an EEC (day 1). Subjects rated instantaneous total nasal symptom score (TNSS), including NSS for congestion (NSS-C). Qualifying subjects received MFNS, 200 micrograms, or placebo and rated postdosing symptoms; a subset received MFNS, 200 micrograms, or placebo q.d. for 6 subsequent days, returning to EEC on day 8. Days 1 and 8 assessments included AcR, TNSS, and the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire developed for use in the EEC (RQOLQ-EEC). Results At day 1, hour 6, patients receiving MFNS (n = 155) reported significantly reduced congestion versus placebo (n = 155) per AcR and NSS-C after one dose, showing numerically superior TNSS change from baseline (p = NS). Among the subset who received 6 additional days of treatment, MFNS (n = 78) yielded significantly lower TNSS versus placebo (n = 77) before day 8 EEC entry and throughout 4-hour exposure (p < 0.05), except at 3.5 hours. AcR showed lower congestion with MFNS versus placebo before day 8 EEC exposure and at 24 and 26 hours after final dose (p < 0.05 for all). AcR and NSS-C correlated at multiple time points. Day 8 RQOLQ-EEC between-group scores were significantly different (p = 0.02) for practical problems. Conclusion MFNS, 200 micrograms, showed onset of nasal congestion relief at 6 hours and duration of action beyond 24 hours postdosing. Objective and subjective assessments were correlated in subjects with maximal (placebo) or minimal (MFNS treatment) congestion symptoms; both assessments were correlated with improved QOL.
Review of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Comorbid with Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Authors: Hazell Philip 
Published: November 2010

Objective: The aim of this paper was to conduct a practitioner review of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) co-occurring with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) encompassing aetiological factors, associated factors, assessment, treatment and prognosis. Conclusions: ADHD and ODD have both shared and unique genetic influences. Persistence of ADHD and ODD in adolescence is linked with an increased risk of delinquent behaviour, substance dependence, anxiety, depression, and possibly bipolar disorder. The diagnostic work up for ADHD must include screening for ODD, which may be achieved through targeted questioning or the use of standard symptom checklists. Treatment requires management of the core symptoms of ADHD plus, in many cases, augmentation with other treatment to address the ODD. Mild cases may respond to behaviour management alone, or monotherapy with stimulant medication or atomoxetine. Moderate to severe cases usually require a combination of pharmacotherapy, which may include clonidine, and behaviour management. Severe or refractory cases may require the introduction of an atypical antipsychotic such as risperidone.
Consumer Participation in Housing: Reflecting On Consumer Preferences
Authors: Browne Graeme , Hemsley Martin 
Published: November 2010

Objective: Historically, people living with mental illness have had limited chance to participate in mental health services other than as patients. Following on from a recent review focusing on consumer participation in mental health services, this paper looks at consumer participation in housing. Housing is a critical element in recovery from mental illness. Without suitable housing, people have little chance of maintaining other resources in their lives, such as supportive social relationships and meaningful activities. Conclusions: Consumer participation is not a common topic in the recent literature, despite the significant public policy push to promote it. The importance of appropriate housing to the recovery of people living with mental illness cannot be underestimated. Even well-meaning and well-resourced housing initiatives can fall short of meeting consumers’ recovery goals when they do not incorporate the expressed needs of consumers. These expressed needs include keeping units small in size and employing drop-in support models.
Psychiatry On the Burma-Thai Railway (1942–1943): Dr Rowley Richards and Colleagues
Authors: Macleod Sandy 
Published: November 2010

Objective: The aim of this paper was to review the literature written by doctor-prisoners of the Japanese working on the Burma-Thai Railway with particular emphasis on the psychological and psychiatric conditions they encountered. Conclusions: The enormous respect and gratitude expressed by survivors for their medical attendants is an indication that in addition to performing extraordinary surgical and medical care in appalling conditions and with very limited available resources, these doctors also very adequately attended the clinical problems of demoralization, depression and acute delirium.
Why do Adolescents Return to an Acute Psychiatric Unit?
Authors: Barker Dawn , Jairam Rajeev , Rocca Antonella , Goddard Luke , Matthey Stephen 
Published: November 2010

Objective: The aim of this paper is to determine potentially modifiable factors associated with the high proportion of patients who are readmitted to adolescent psychiatric units. Method: The case notes of 112 adolescents admitted over 1 year to an acute adolescent psychiatry unit were reviewed. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were compared between those who were readmitted over a 12-month period post discharge and those who were not. Results: The readmission rate over a 12-month period was 31%. Males were significantly more likely to be readmitted. No other statistically significant predictors of readmission were identified. There was a trend towards readmission for those with bipolar disorder and a trend away from readmission for those with adjustment disorders. A history of sexual abuse and cluster B personality traits were significantly related to a history of previous admission, but not with subsequent readmission. Conclusions: Readmission is influenced by a number of factors, which may not be easily identified by a chart review. Prospective studies which follow-up adolescents for several years after discharge are needed.
HoNOS in the Consultation Liaison Psychiatry Setting: Is it Valid?
Authors: Duke Benjamin 
Published: November 2010

Objective: The aim of this paper was to assess whether the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) is a valid outcome measure in the consultation liaison psychiatry (CL) setting. Methods: Statistical analysis was performed on 6 months of HoNOS data from a busy metropolitan CL service. Results: There were statistical differences between the HoNOS scores of groups referred for different types of mental health follow up, but also wide ranges within, and substantial overlap between, each of these groups. HoNOS item analysis demonstrated significant contributions to changes in HoNOS scores across multiple items. Conclusions: Although the HoNOS appears to have validity as a measure of severity of mental illness in the CL setting at a population level, concerns can be raised about its usefulness as a measure of change in the severity of mental illness in this setting.
How Effective is a Hospital at Home Service for People with Acute Mental Illness?
Authors: Singh Rajan , Rowan Jacky , Burton Cassandra , Galletly Cherrie 
Published: November 2010

Objective: Hospital at home (HAH) services have been developed to replace traditional inpatient care but there is little recent published data about their efficacy. This study evaluates HAH treatment for people with an acute episode of psychiatric illness who would otherwise have been admitted to hospital. Method: The staffing and operation of the service is described, along with admission criteria. Patients could be visited by the HAH team up to three times a day, 7 days a week. Data were collected for 1 year. Demographic data, diagnoses, referral, discharge pathways, and outcomes are presented. Results: One hundred and eleven people were admitted to HAH. The most common diagnoses were mood disorders and non-affective psychoses. The mean length of stay was 17 days with an average of 22 home visits to each patient. Twenty percent of patients were transferred to inpatient services. For those who completed their treatment with HAH, symptom improvement and length of stay were comparable to inpatient services. There was only one adverse event, an episode of self harm. Conclusions: HAH services can provide a safe, effective alternative to inpatient care for suitable patients. Home treatment has the potential to reduce costs, reduce the pressure on inpatient services and provide care that is acceptable to patients and their families.
Rêve et névrose de transfert d'après Freud
Authors: Stein Conrad 
Published: November 2010

Résumé L’auteur s’attache ici à montrer que l’on peut trouver dans L’interprétation des rêves les linéaments d’une problématique sur laquelle Freud ne s’est jamais penché : ceux d’une théorie des processus à l’œuvre dans la situation analytique. Se référer à ce qui a été élaboré par Freud au titre de la « Psychologie des processus oniriques » – tel est l’objet du chapitre vii de L’interprétation des rêves – rend en effet compte de ces processus en œuvre. Il apparaît ainsi que les sources du rêve, « l’infantile en tant que source du rêve », donnent à reconnaître les sources de la névrose de transfert. Si le but des « techniques de la psychanalyse » consiste du point de vue descriptif à combler les lacunes de la mémoire, et du point de vue dynamique à surmonter les résistances du refoulement, une question cruciale demeure : quelles sont donc les conditions de possibilité d’une telle entreprise ?
La mère séductrice perverse
Authors: Ruiz Louis 
Published: November 2010

Résumé Les enjeux métapsychologiques liés au thème de la séduction maternelle n’ont pu être pleinement développés par Freud, puisque, comme on le sait, la représentation qui était la sienne des soins maternels supposait que la mère demeure celle « qui ne saurait être ambivalente à l’égard de son premier fils ». Celle qui ne saurait être destructrice – mais aussi séductrice –, autrement qu’au travers du fantasme. Le texte de Conrad Stein : Les Érinyes d’une mère , reprendra cette lecture apriorique de Freud, et la dépassera pour formaliser une conceptualisation de la haine qui est un élément constitutif de la problématique mélancolique.
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Measurement of LASIK Flaps: Femtosecond Laser vs Microkeratome
Authors: Zhou Yuehua , Tian Lei , Wang NingLi , Dougherty Paul J. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose:
To compare the uniformity and accuracy of LASIK flaps created with a femtosecond laser versus a mechanical microkeratome using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods:
A prospective study was performed on 72 consecutive patients who underwent LASIK in both eyes in alternating fashion with either the AMO IntraLase FS60 (72 eyes) or the Moria M2 microkeratome (72 eyes). One month after surgery, anterior segment OCT was performed on each eye to measure flap thickness at 20 locations and the results were assessed for uniformity and accuracy.

Results:

At 1 month after surgery, the microkeratome group flap ranges were greater than those found in the femtosecond laser group (
P
<.05). The meridian and radial flap uniformity in the femtosecond laser group were better, showing an almost planar configuration, than the meniscus-shaped flaps created with the microkeratome. Comparison of the nasal and temporal flap thickness revealed more regularity in the femtosecond laser group than the microkeratome group. The maximum deviation from the intended flap thicknesses was 7 μm in the femtosecond laser group compared to 26 μm in the microkeratome group. During the 1440 measurements of the 72 eyes, a difference >20 μm was observed in 0.42% of eyes in the femtosecond laser group and 15% of eyes in the microkeratome group.

Conclusions:
LASIK flaps made with the IntraLase FS60 were more uniform with more accurate thickness than those created by the Moria M2 microkeratome.
Hyperopic LASEK Treatments with Mitomycin C Using the SCHWIND AMARIS
Authors: McAlinden Colm , Skiadaresi Eirini , Moore Jonathan E. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose:
To investigate the outcomes of hyperopic laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) with mitomycin C (MMC) using the SCHWIND AMARIS platform.

Methods:
Prospective study of 28 eyes of 14 patients. Mean preoperative manifest spherical equivalent refraction was +2.71±0.72 diopters (D) (range: +1.50 to +4.50 D). All eyes underwent LASEK with an Aberration-Free™ algorithm with the SCHWIND AMARIS followed by a 35-second application of MMC with a 6.7-mm optical zone size.

Results:
At 1 year, mean manifest spherical equivalent refraction was 0.03±0.30 D (range: −0.53 to +0.50 D), with 13 eyes within −0.13 to +0.13 D and all 28 eyes within ±0.50 D. Mean uncorrected distance visual acuity was −0.03±0.09 logMAR, and the efficacy and safety indices were 1, respectively, at 1 year. The postoperative manifest spherical equivalent refraction was stable between 1 and 3 months and 1 year.

Conclusions:
Hyperopic LASEK with MMC using the SCHWIND AMARIS provided good outcomes in terms of accuracy, efficacy, safety, and stability.
Possible Methods of Blood Entrance in Terson Syndrome
Authors: Michalewska Zofia , Michalewski Janusz , Nawrocki Jerzy 
Published: November 2010

Background and Objective:
To present spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and intraoperative images showing possible pathways of blood entrance into the eye and ways in which it may spread inside the eye in Terson syndrome.

Patients and Methods:
Nine eyes of 5 patients with Terson syndrome underwent pars plana vitrectomy. Surgeries were recorded and analyzed afterward. SD-OCT and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy examinations were performed after surgery.

Results:
Visual acuity improved in all cases. SD-OCT three-dimensional mode improved visualization of the internal limiting membrane (ILM), possibly due to sub-ILM blood spreading detachment near the macula and optic disc. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy revealed blood spreading along vessels and blood under the retina was observed intraoperatively.

Conclusion:
SD-OCT, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and intraoperative images show that blood may enter the vitreous cavity around the retinal vessels near the optic disc. Inside the eye, the blood may spread intraretinally, sub-ILM, or along the retinal vessels.
Enhancement of Suboptimal CD8 Cytotoxic T Cell Effector Function In Vivo Using Antigen-Specific CD80 Defective T Cells
Authors: Puliaeva Irina , Soloviova Kateryna , Puliaiev Maksym , Lang Thomas , Puliaev Roman , Via Charles S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractT cell upregulation of B7 molecules CD80 and CD86 limits T cell expansion in immunodeficient hosts; however, the relative roles of CD80 separate from CD86 on CD4 versus CD8 T cells in a normal immune system are not clear. To address this question, we used the parent-into-F1 (P→F1) murine model of graft-versus-host disease and transferred optimal and suboptimal doses of CD80 and/or CD86 knockout (KO) T cells into normal F1 hosts. Enhanced elimination of host B cells by KO T cells was observed only at suboptimal donor cell doses and was greatest for CD80 KO→F1 mice. Wild-type donor cells exhibited peak CD80 upregulation at day 10; CD80 KO donor cells exhibited greater peak (day 10) donor T cell proliferation and CD8 T cell effector CTL numbers versus wild-type→F1 mice. Fas or programmed cell death-1 upregulation was normal as was homeostatic contraction of CD80 KO donor cells from days 12–14. Mixing studies demonstrated that maximal host cell elimination was seen when both CD4 and CD8 T cells were CD80 deficient. These results indicate an important role for CD80 upregulation on Ag-activated CD4 and CD8 T cells in limiting expansion of CD8 CTL effectors as part of a normal immune response. Our results support further studies of therapeutic targeting of CD80 in conditions characterized by suboptimal CD8 effector responses.
HIV Immune Escape at an Immunodominant Epitope in HLA-B*27–Positive Individuals Predicts Viral Load Outcome
Authors: Ammaranond Palanee , van Bockel David J. , Petoumenos Kathy , McMurchie Marylin , Finlayson Robert , Middleton Melanie G. , Davenport Miles P. , Venturi Vanessa , Suzuki Kazuo , Gelgor Linda , Kaldor John M. , Cooper David A. , Kelleher Anthony D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe CTL response in HLA-B*27+ HIV-infected individuals is characterized by an immunodominant response to a conserved epitope in gag p24 (aa 263–272, KRWIILGLNK; KK10). Mutations resulting in substitution of the arginine (R264) at position 2 of this epitope have been identified as escape mutations. Nineteen HLA-B*27+ long-term nonprogressors were identified from an Australian cohort with an average follow-up of 16 y following infection. Viral and host genetic factors impacting on disease progression were determined at multiple time points. Twelve of 19 had wild-type sequences at codon 264 at all time points; 7 of 19 carried CTL escape variants. Median viral load and CD4+ T cell counts were not significantly different between these groups at enrollment. Viral load, as judged by levels at their last visit (1,700 and 21,000 RNA copies/ml, respectively; p = 0.01) or by time-weighted area under the curve was higher in the escape group (p = 0.02). Escape mutants at other HLA-B*27–restricted epitopes were uncommon. Moreover, host polymorphisms, such as CCR5Δ32, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3′A, or breadth of TCR repertoire responding to KK10 did not segregate to wild-type or escape groups. Host and viral factors were examined for a relationship to viral load. The only factor to affect viral load was the presence of the R264 escape mutations at the immunodominant epitope. CTL escape at R264 in the KK10 epitope is a major determinant of subsequent viral load in these HLA-B*27+ individuals.
Interactions of NK Cell Receptor KIR3DL1*004 with Chaperones and Conformation-Specific Antibody Reveal a Functional Folded State As Well As Predominant Intracellular Retention
Authors: Taner Sabrina B. , Pando Marcelo J. , Roberts Allison , Schellekens Jennifer , Marsh Steven G. E. , Malmberg Karl-Johan , Parham Peter , Brodsky Frances M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Variable interaction between the Bw4 epitope of HLA-B and the polymorphic KIR3DL1/S1 system of inhibitory and activating NK cell receptors diversifies the development, repertoire formation, and response of human NK cells. KIR3DL1*004, a common KIR3DL1 allotype, in combination with Bw4+ HLA-B, slows progression of HIV infection to AIDS. Analysis in this study of KIR3DL1*004 membrane traffic in NK cells shows this allotype is largely misfolded but stably retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, where it binds to the chaperone calreticulin and does not induce the unfolded protein response. A small fraction of KIR3DL1*004 folds correctly and leaves the endoplasmic reticulum to be expressed on the surface of primary NK and transfected NKL cells, in a form that can be triggered to inhibit NK cell activation and secretion of IFN-γ. Consistent with this small proportion of correctly folded molecules, trace amounts of MHC class I coimmunoprecipitated with KIR3DL1*004. There was no indication of any extensive intracellular interaction between unfolded KIR3DL1*004 and cognate Bw4+ HLA-B. A similarly limited interaction of Bw4 with KIR3DL1*002, when both were expressed by the same cell, was observed despite the efficient folding of KIR3DL1*002 and its abundance on the NK cell surface. Several positions of polymorphism modulate KIR3DL1 abundance at the cell surface, differences that do not necessarily correlate with the potency of allotype function. In this context, our results suggest the possibility that the effect of Bw4+ HLA-B and KIR3DL1*004 in slowing progression to AIDS is mediated by interaction of Bw4+ HLA-B with the small fraction of cell surface KIR3DL1*004.