bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of cyclosporin A on human bone marrow granulocyte‐macrophage progenitors with anti‐cancer agents
Authors: ISHIDA YASUSHI , MATSUDA HIROSHI , KIDA KAICHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCyclosporin A (CyA) overcomes P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) associated multidrug resistance (MDR). P‐gp expression is frequently observed among, not only various cancer cells, but also several normal tissues including bone marrow progenitor cells. These findings lead us to examine whether CyA enhances the myelotoxicity of anti‐cancer agents. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were incubated with anti‐cancer agents (vincristine, VCR; doxorubicin, ADM; etoposide, VP‐16; cytarabine, Ara‐C; methotrexate, MTX) and a concentration of CyA (0.5, 5.0 μg/mL). The methylcellulose assay for granulocyte‐macrophage progenitors (CFU‐GM) was conducted using the post‐treated cells. There was no significant toxicity for marrow CFU‐GM formation after 72 h incubation with CyA (84–108% of control). The inhibitory concentration that reduced colonies by 50% (IC50) was 12 nmol/L for VCR, 6 nmol/L for ADM, 220 nmol/L for VP‐16, 15 nmol/L for Ara‐C and 35 nmol/L for MTX, respectively. For VCR, ADM and VP‐16, the number of CFU‐GM was unchanged with the addition of CyA at 0.5 μg/mL concentration. In contrast at 5 μg/mL CyA, the number of CFU‐GM (% of control) was reduced significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). With MTX and Ara‐C, the number of CFU‐GM was unchanged after addition of CyA, even at 5 μg/mL concentration. We conclude CyA may therefore enhance cytotoxic drug sensitivity in MDR tumor cells at a clinically achievable concentration (0.5 μg/mL) without marrow toxicity.
The relationship between serum transaminase activities and fatty liver in children with simple obesity
Authors: NOGUCHI HIROO , TAZAWA YUSAKU , NISHINOMIYA FUJIHIKO , TAKADA GORO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTo determine hepatic diseases in obese children, biochemically and histologically, 11 obese patients with abnormal serum transaminase activities were subjected to this study. Fat accumulation in the liver was semiquantitatively graded, and histologically the 11 patients were classified into four groups; fatty liver, fatty hepatitis, fatty fibrosis and fatty cirrhosis. All patients had fat deposition in liver specimens, the grade of which did not significantly correlate with the degree of obesity. The grade of fat deposition in the liver specimens also did not significantly correlate with either serum transaminase activities or GOT/GPT ratio. Five patients were grouped into the fatty liver group, three into the fatty hepatitis group, and the remaining three patients into the fatty fibrosis group. However, no significant differences were found among the three histologically classified groups in terms of serum transaminase activities or GOT/GPT ratio. The usefulness of serum transaminase activities and GOT/GPT ratio was limited in predicting the severity of fat deposition or histological abnormality in pediatric obese patients.
Developmental change in carotid artery blood flow waveform by component analysis in children
Authors: KOJO MASANOBU , OGAWA TERUYUKI , SONODA HIROTOMI , YAMADA KATSUHIKO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe carotid artery blood flow waveform (CABFW) is regarded as a summation of cardiac impulse responses. These impulse responses are divided into several components through a two‐dimensional autoregressive modelling approach. Using this approach, we determined the developmental change in CABFW in 94 normal subjects from the neonatal period to adolescence. Our analysis demonstrated that: (i) the total power of impulse response increased significantly with increasing age. The component of impulse response was divided into six groups according to the damping frequency: group I (0 Hz), group II (1–5 Hz), group III (5–8 Hz), group IV (8–13 Hz), group V (13–17 Hz) and group VI (> 17 Hz); (ii) the power‐density and the damping time of group I and II impulse response increased significantly with increasing age; (iii) the power‐density and percent power of group III impulse response and power‐density of group IV impulse response increased significantly with increasing age. Our results indicated that CABFW contained some regular impulses and that group I, II, III and IV, which were influenced by several factors, including cardiac contraction and the compliance and frictional forces of the carotid artery, appeared to be important to the developmental change of CABFW in children.
Cerebral infarction in acute promyelocytic leukemia at initial presentation
Authors: SAITOH EMI , SUGITA KENICHI , KUROSAWA HIDEMITSU , KUROSAKI MOTOYUKI , EGUCHI MITSUOKI , FURUKAWA TOSHIHARU , NAKAJIMA CHIKAKO , KOBAYASHI YASUAKI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe report on a 3 year old girl with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with cerebral infarction due to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) at initial presentation. She was hospitalized because of unconsciousness and petechiae on the chest wall and extremities. Cerebral ischemia and infarction were found on computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging. Peripheral bood content was hemoglobin 7.3 g/dL, white blood cells 1.0 × 103cells/μL (31% blasts) and platelet count was 12 × 103cells/μL. Fragmented erythrocytes were frequently observed on May‐Giemsa stained blood smears. Bone marrow aspirates showed normal cellularity, with 60.4% blasts, containing faggot cells. The blasts were positive for peroxidase. Therapy was begun; however, the patient died 1 week after admission.
Home mechanical ventilation in the aftermath of the Hanshin‐Awaji earthquake disaster
Authors: SHIMADA SEIICHI , FUNATO MASAHISA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractChildren who were dependent upon home mechanical ventilation (HMV), suffered in various ways from the disastrous Hanshin‐Awaji earthquake disaster. The earthquake abruptly cut the supplies of water, gas and electricity, causing intense anxiety for those families. Through loss of the respirator function, some of them experienced an unexpected catastrophe.In the disaster area, there were children who were dependent upon HMV (19 cases) and children who were preparing for HMV in hospitals (nine cases). Information was gathered from questionnaires about the disaster, communication and correspondence with families.None of the 28 cases died or were injured. Nineteen cases had a variety of problems. In eight cases, respiratory support problems were acute. Nevertheless, all of them survived the crisis successfully even in the midst of such a catastrophic situation. An organization of HMV children's families, called the Baku‐Baku Club, helped families with HMV problems by supplying water, food, oxygen and compressed air cylinders among other things.Additional outside batteries for portable respirators are essential equipment for HMV, especially for emergencies. A manual for clarifying the system for support in the Baku‐Baku Club and a registration system for public medical service should be established in preparation for such a crisis.
Childhood obesity: Pathophysiology and treatment
Authors: KLISH WILLIAM J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractChildhood obesity is among the most difficult problems which pediatricians treat. It is frequently ignored by the pediatrician or viewed as a form of social deviancy, and blame for treatment failure placed on the patients or their families. The definition of obesity is difficult. Using total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) technology, total body fat ranges between 12% and 30% of total body weight in normal children and adolescents. This is influenced not only by age, but also by physical fitness. Anthropometry is the easiest way to define obesity. Children whose weight exceeds 120% of that expected for their height are considered overweight. Skinfold thickness and body mass index are indices of obesity that are more difficult to apply to the child.Childhood obesity is associated with obese parents, a higher socioeconomic status, increased parental education, small family size and a sedentary lifestyle. Genetics also clearly plays a role. Studies have demonstrated that obese and non‐obese individuals have similar energy intakes implying that obesity results from very small imbalances of energy intake and expenditure. An excess intake of only 418 kJ per day can result in about 4.5 kg of excess weight gain per year. Small differences in basal metabolic rate or the thermic effects of food may also account for the difference in energy balance between the obese and non‐obese. In the Prader Willi Syndrome, there appears to be a link between appetite and body fatness. When placed on growth hormone, lean body mass increases, body fat decreases, sometimes to normal, and appetite becomes more normal.Our weight control program is very intensive and combines behavior modification with dietary instruction and exercise. Patients are screened both physically and psychologically. Abnormalities found are treated before the child is allowed to enter the weight loss program. Depression is frequently encountered. If treatment success is defined as either weight reduction or maintenance of weight as linear growth increases, then 88% of the children who completed the program were successful. The dropout rate however was 65%.
Helicobacter pylori colonization in children with peptic ulcer disease III. Diagnostic value of the 13C‐urea breath test to detect gastric H. pylori colonization
Authors: YAMASHIRO YUICHIRO , OGUCHI SATOSHI , OTSUKA YOSHIKAZU , NAGATA SATORU , SHIOYA TAKEHIRO , SHIMIZU TOSHIAKI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe efficiency of the 13C‐Urea Breath Test (13C‐UBT) for the detection of Helicobacter pylori colonization in gastric mucosa was evaluated. The 13C‐UBT was performed in five pediatric and six adult subjects who had had upper gastrointestinal endoscopy within 2 weeks. H. pylori colonization was confirmed in two pediatric and three adult subjects with peptic ulcer combined with antral gastritis, by histological examination of antral biopsy specimens. When an individual with H. pylori colonization ingested a solution containing 13C‐urea, a significant amount of 13CO2 appeared in the respiratory CO2 within 10 min. The mean cumulative percentage dose of 13C recovered in the breath over 30 min in the cases with H. pylori colonization was significantly higher than that in those who were not colonized (4.91 vs 0.41, P <0.001). In addition, the effect of antibiotic on the eradication of H. pylori from gastric mucosa was monitored by 13C‐UBT in two cases. The values of cumulative percentage dose of 13C over 30 min fell to the same levels as those observed in H. pylori negative subjects after just 2 weeks treatment with amoxicillin; however, positive results were obtained again 1 month after the withdrawal of amoxicillin. In summary, 13C‐UBT is a simple, reliable, non‐invasive method in the diagnosis of gastric H. pylori colonization especially for pediatric patients.
Vertical transmission of HTLV‐I from a seronegative mother using the PA method
Authors: UMEMOTO MASAKAZU , TAKE HIROMICHI , KURAYA KAZUE 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe child was born when his mother was 23 years old. Her serum was negative for human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐I) using the gelatin particle agglutination (PA) method when she was 26.5 years. Three years later, she became seropositive for HTLV‐I using both the PA method and ELISA. She had breast‐fed her child for 3 years. The child was positive for anti‐HTLV‐I antibody at the age of 4.5 years. Vertical transmission of HTLV‐I can occur in women with negative results from the PA method.
Successful α‐interferon therapy in a child with chronic refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: A case report
Authors: ASAMI TADASHI , SAKURAI MAMORU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe treated a sixteen month old male with chronic refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in whom α‐interferon (IFN) therapy was effective. He developed ITP which did not respond to various treatments. Six months after admission, we began to treat him with IFN. The patient's platelet count rapidly responded to the therapy and rose above normal range. Serum levels of platelet associated immunoglobulin G (PA‐IgG) showed a tendency to decrease with the administration of IFN. After stopping the IFN therapy for a duration of 3 months, the platelet count remained normal. No serious adverse side effects, except transient fever, were observed. From the experience of this case we propose that IFN is one of the therapeutic options for treatment of refractory ITP not only in adults but also in children.
Continuous muscle fiber activity syndrome
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN MINE , TÜRKDOGAN DILŞAD , ÖZMEN MERAL , CANTEZ TALAT , BASLO AYNUR , APAK SELÇUK 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA 5.5 year old Turkish boy who suffered from progressive muscle stiffness was diagnosed as having continuous muscle fiber activity syndrome. Electromyography showed continuous motor neuron activity at rest and following intravenous injection of diazepam. Peripheral nerve block, spinal and general anesthesia diminished the spontaneous activities. The clinical and electrophysiological findings of our case were compared to the previously reported cases with emphasis on the heterogeneity of the syndrome.
Age‐related occurrence of inhibitory antibodies to streptococcal pyrogenic superantigens
Authors: KUWAHATA MASATO , IMANAKA HIROYUKI , TAKEI SYUJI , MASUDA KIMINORI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSeveral bacteria, such as staphylococci and streptococci, can produce superantigens (SA) that induce the activation of T cells in humans. Although these organisms are the major causes of infection in children, the evidence that T cells are vigorously activated by SA produced by such organisms has not been reported except for toxic shock syndrome. In a previous paper, we demonstrated that inhibitory IgG antibodies (Ab) to SA in humans may protect against SA stimulation. In the present study, we investigated the occurrence of these inhibitory Ab to SA in 94 healthy children by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique and the suppressive effect on T cell stimulation by SA.The positivity of Ab to streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE)‐A, SPE‐C and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) increased with age. The age at which more than 50% of children exhibited Ab to SA was 1 year for SEB, 6 years for SPE‐C and 11 years for SPE‐A. Sera from these children were inhibitory to T cell proliferation elicited by SA in proportion to the concentration of IgG Ab to each SA. Sera supplemented with IgG Ab to SA by gamma‐globulin therapy became inhibitory to T cell proliferation by SA. We conclude that, as children grow, they can develop Ab to SA that may play a role in protecting them against vigorous T cell activation by SA.
Evaluation of the therapy for streptococcal pharyngitis using Abbott Test Pack® Strep A
Authors: KAYABA HIROYUKI , TAMURA HIROMI , FUJIWARA YOSHIYUKI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA total of 953 children (511 boys and 442 girls) with streptococcal pharyngitis diagnosed with AbbottTest Pack® Strep A (ATPSA) or throat cultures were analyzed. ATPSA specimens were repeatedly obtained until ATPSA turned negative during or after the treatment. The percentage of positive ATPSA specimens reached the lowest value (9.2%) on the fourth day of the course of the treatment, which indicates the acquisition from an infected individual is probably uncommon after the initial treatment. Bacteriological treatment failure (positive ATPSA after 14 days of treatment) occurred in 4.1% of the children. Out of 953 subjects studied, 216 (22.7%) had recurrent infections. More than 30% of the recurrent infections occurred within 2 months after initial infection. ATPSA is useful for establishing a rapid diagnosis and confirming the bacteriological success of the treatment.
Bacterial changes in neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: ENDO AKIHIKO , MASUNAGA KEN , MASAKI RYOUSUKE , SHIMADA MASAMI , MINATO MICHIYOSHI , TAKADA MASAAKI , TAKAHASHI SHIGERU , HARADA KENSUKE 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOrganisms routinely cultured from throat swabs and infectious agents of sepsis and/or meningitis were reviewed. During the last 12 years, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli have been replaced by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the predominant isolates from throat swabs after admission. These change in the etiologic pattern of infectious agents of sepsis and/or meningitis, i.e., K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and staphylococcus epidermidis, were in agreement with the organisms isolated from the throat swabs after admission. The S. aureus isolated from throat swabs after admission showed a decrease in the bacterial activity of cloxacillin, cephazolin and cefotaxime since 1978.
Follow‐up study of auditory brainstem responses in hyperbilirubinemic newborns treated with exchange transfusion
Authors: FUNATO MASAHISA , TERAOKA SATORI , TAMAI HIROSHI , SHIMIDA SEIICHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractChanges in auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were studied and followed in hyperbilirubinemic newborns before and after exchange transfusion (ET), in order to check their usefulness in the early detection of acute and chronic bilirubin encephalopathy.ABR were measured in 10 newborns with marked hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin concentration [TBC] ≧ 20 mg/dL, direct bilirubin concentration < 2 mg/dL) before and after ET. The means of birthweight, gestational age, and day of life on admission were 3267 g, 38.2 weeks and 3.4 days, respectively. The ABR measurements were performed before ET and 6.0 days (the mean) after the ET. The follow‐up of ABR was performed at 3 months of life.In comparison with the control values, the mean latencies of ABR were significantly prolonged (I, I‐III, and I‐V: P < 0.05) and the mean amplitudes were significantly decreased (I, III and V: P < 0.001) before ET. Significant improvement of ABR was noticed after the ET, especially in the shortening of the latency of wave I (P < 0.02) and in increasing the amplitudes of wave III and V (P < 0.02 and (P < 0.01, respectively), though the recovery of the latency of I‐V (P < 0.02) and the amplitudes of I, III and V wave (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) were delayed in comparison to the control. The follow‐up data of ABR showed that, in two of nine infants (one was lost from the follow‐up), there were still abnormal findings at 3 months of age. Only one of these, who prolonged the recovery of ABR until 5 years of age, developed a border intelligence.Though ET is effective for improvement of acute bilirubin encephalopathy with impaired ABR, a complete recovery of the ABR might be delayed in marked hyperbilirubinemia. The delay in improvement of ABR abnormalities might be possibly used as an early predictor for following chronic bilirubin encephalopathy.
Hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene analysis for Japanese patients with Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome
Authors: SHIMIZU NORIKAZU , KONOMI HIROSHI , ARIMA MASATAKA , AOKI TSUGUTOSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome results as a consequence of a severe deficiency of functional activity of purine salvage enzyme, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). We performed Southern blot analysis for five patients and their families using full length cDNA of the HPRT gene as a probe. Pst I digested Southern blot analysis revealed a large deletion that included exon 2 in patient 3. The size of this deletion was about 4.4 Kb. The mother of this patient had the same mutated allele and a normal one (heterozygote). This type of mutation from a Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome patient has not been previously reported. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern was analyzed by Bam HI digested Southern blot analysis for one family who had no major gene abnormality. We determined from this analysis that the sister of the patient was a Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome carrier and the fetus (brother) was normal for HPRT activity. This study shows RFLP analysis is still useful for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Authors: YAMAMOTO KATSUYA , TAKAYANAGI MASARU , YOSHIHARA YASUSHI , MURATA YUJI , KATO SEIICHI , OTAKE MASATOSHI , NAKAGAWA HIROSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn 8 year old girl with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is described. Elevated serum antibody titers suggested recent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. T2‐weighted image of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed multiple lesions of high signal intensity in bilateral basal ganglia and thalami as well as in the white matter. Postcontrast T1‐weighted image revealed an enhanced lesion in the deep white matter. She showed rapid clinical improvement in response to corticosteroid therapy. The lesions had disappeared completely on MRI performed 10 weeks after the onset. ADEM is believed to be a demyelinating disorder of probable autoimmune etiology. MRI findings in this case may support the hypothesis that the primary pathological event is vascular injury and demyelination occurs only as a secondary phenomenon.
Periventricular leukomalacia associated with hypocarbia
Authors: KUBOTA MASAYA , MATSUDA FUMIKO , HASHIZUME MINORU , NAKAMURA TOSHIHIKO , NISHIDA AKIRA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe here report a case of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) associated with hypocarbia which remained even after extubation. The patient had no risk factors affecting PVL development other than hypocarbia. We consider that the irregular tachypnea which remained after extubation might be attributable to overdriving of ventilation of central neurogenic origin. Our patient's clinical course suggests that sodium bicarbonate drip infusion is a very effective way to alter the set point of respiratory neuronal drive of the patient with central neurogenic hyperventilation.
Interruption of aortic arch type A in two siblings
Authors: NAKADA TOSHIMASA , YONESAKA SUSUMU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe recurrence of interruption of aortic arch (IAA) in siblings is rare. According to previous reports concerning siblings with IAA, all cases were IAA type B according to the classification proposed by Celoria and Patton. In this report we present the first cases of brothers with IAA type A. The type of IAA was confirmed by autopsy findings in the elder brother and by operative findings in the younger brother. The etiology of IAA was unclear. Monogenic inheritance was thought unlikely because congenital heart disease was not recognized in other members of the family. It would seem prudent to separate recurrence risks for IAA type A from IAA type B when genetic counselling is provided, but it must be borne in mind that the recurrence of IAA type A can occur among siblings.
Noonan syndrome and its related disorders
Authors: FUKUSHIMA YOSHIMITSU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe diagnosis of Noonan syndrome still rests on its clinical features. There are several syndromes to consider in the diagnosis of Noonan syndrome. These include cardio‐facial‐cutaneous syndrome, LEOPARD syndrome, neurofibromatosis‐Noonan syndrome and Costello syndrome. The facial appearance and part of the clinical features of these syndromes are very similar to Noonan syndrome. Molecular research likely will elucidate whether these syndromes are variations of Noonan syndrome or etiologically different disorders.