bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactor Dosimetry and RPV Life Management
Authors: Belousov S. , Ilieva K. , Mitev M. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Reactor dosimetry (RD) is a tool that provides data for neutron fluence accumulated over the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) during the reactor operation. This information, however, is not sufficient for RPV lifetime assessment. The life management of RPV is a multidisciplinary task. To assess whether the RPV steel properties at the current stage (for actual accumulated neutron fluence) of reactor operation are still “safe enough,” the dependence of material properties on the fluence must be known; this is a task for material science (MS). Moreover, the mechanical loading over the RPV during normal operation and accidences have to be known, as well, for evaluation, if the RPV material integrity in this loading condition and existing cracks is provided. The crack loading path in terms of stress intensity factor is carried out by structural analyses (SA). Pressure and temperature distribution over RPV used in these analyses are obtained from a thermal hydraulic (TH) calculation. The conjunction of RD and other disciplines in RPV integrity assessment is analyzed in accordance with the FFP (fitness for purpose) approach. It could help to improve the efficiency in multi-disciplinary tasks solutions.
Neutron Flux Reduction Programs for Reactor Pressure Vessel of Korea Nuclear Unit 1
Authors: Yoo Choon Sung , Kim Byoung Chul 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The objective of this work is to implement various fast neutron flux reduction programs on the beltline region of the reactor pressure vessel to reduce the increasing rate of reference temperature for pressurized thermal shock (RTPTS) for Korea Nuclear Unit 1. A pressurized thermal shock (PTS) event is an event or transient in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) causing severe overcooling (thermal shock) concurrent with or followed by significant pressure in the reactor vessel. A PTS concern arises if one of these transients acts in the beltline region of a reactor vessel where a reduced fracture resistance exists because of neutron irradiation. Generally, the RTPTS value is continuously increasing according to the fast neutron irradiation during the reactor operation, and it can reach the screening criterion prior to the expiration of the operating license. To reduce the increasing rate of RTPTS, various neutron flux reduction programs can be implemented, which are focused on license renewal. In this paper, neutron flux reduction programs, such as low leakage loading pattern strategy, loading of neutron absorber rods, and dummy fuel assembly loading are considered for Korea Nuclear Unit 1, of which the RTPTS value of the leading material (circumferential weld) is going to reach the screening criterion in the near future. To evaluate the effects of the neutron flux reduction programs, plant and cycle specific forward neutron transport calculations for the various neutron flux reduction programs were carried out. For the analysis, all transport calculations were carried out by using the DORT 3.1 discrete ordinate code and BUGLE-96 cross-section library.
Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Correlation for TiO2-Water Nanofluids
Authors: Suriyawong A. , Dalkilic A. S. , Wongwises S. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This paper is a continuation of the authors’ previous work on the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of nanofluids [Suriyawong, A. and Wongwises, S., “Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of TiO2-water nanofluids at very low concentrations,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., Vol. 34, No. 8, 2010, pp. 992–999.] This study presents new correlation for predicting heat transfer coefficient for nucleate pool boiling of TiO2-water nanofluids at several low concentrations. Unlike most previous studies, the proposed correlation consists of various relevant factors. Two horizontal circular plates made from copper and aluminum with different surface roughness values are used as heating surfaces. Because the calculation concerns with properties of nanofluids, this research uses various correlations from previous studies to find the properties of nanofluids and the best one is selected for the presentation. Compared with measured data of nucleate pool boiling of water and nanofluids from present and previous studies, it was found that the developed correlation could be used for prediction at a certain level.
Estimation of a Safe Level for Occupational Exposure to Vinyl Chloride Using a Benchmark Dose Method in Central China
Authors: Jiao Jie , Feng Nan‐nan , Li Yong , Sun Yuan , Yao Wu , Wang Wei , Zhang Guang‐hui , Sun Shi‐yi , Tan Hong‐shan , Wang Qi , Zhu Yiliang , Li Yongliang , Brandt‐Rauf Paul W. , Xia Zhao‐lin 
Published: May 2012

Estimation of a Safe Level for Occupational Exposure to Vinyl Chloride Using a Benchmark Dose Method in Central China: Jie JIAO, et al. Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, China—ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to estimate a benchmark dose (BMD) for chromosome damage induced by vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in VCMexposed workers in central China and validate the published results in Shanghai.MethodsVCMexposed workers who had been exposed to VCM for at least one year (n=463) and matched subjects not exposed to VCM or other toxins (n=273) were asked to participate in this study. Micronucleus (MN) frequency based on the cytokinesis‐block micronucleus assay (CBMN) was used as a biomarker for chromosome damage induced by VCM exposure.ResultsThe MN frequency in the VCM‐exposed workers was significantly higher than that in the control group, and multivariate Poisson regression suggested that gender, smoking status and VCM exposure were the significant factors influencing the risk of increased MN frequency. When subjects were further stratified according to gender and smoking status, the results showed that female VCMexposed workers were more susceptible than the males to the risk of increased MN frequency. The MN frequency of smokers was significantly higher than that of nonsmokers in the control group. Our study also suggested that there was a strong dose‐response relationship between VCM CED and the increased risk of MN frequency in the total group, males and females. The BMDL10 was found to be 630.6, 670.2 and 273.7 mgyear for all VCM‐exposed workers, males and females, respectively.ConclusionsThese results invite further scrutiny of the current VCM occupational exposure limits and warrant further study of the risk of VCM genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.
Corrosion Experience Assessment of Selective Amine Unit at South Pars Gas Refinery (Case Study)
Authors: Davoudi M. , Khoramdel I. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The south pars gas refinery, phases 2 & 3 was designed for the processing of 2000 MMSCFD of gas from the south pars gas field. The inlet sour gas, treated by the four amine units, contains 0.6% volume H2S and 2.5% CO2. The objective of the treatment is to selectively remove all the H2S to pipeline specification. The units have been commissioned in 2002 and have been operated for eight years. Recent inspection (Apr 2011) of the regenerators and reboilers of trains showed that significant corrosion has occurred in the bottom sections of the regenerators and reboilers as well as the piping connecting the reboilers and the regenerators. Corrosion resulted in a leak in the vapor return line from the reboiler to regenerator. Three solvent samples have been analyzed for the evaluation of the corrosion. The results of the analytical tests on the samples are discussed in this paper. The process simulations have also been used to evaluate the H2S and CO2 Levels on the lower trays in the regenerator and reboiler.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline WC-particle-reinforced Ti-based composites with nano/ultrafine-grained intermetallic matrix from spark plasma sintering and crystallization of amorphous phase
Authors: Yang C. , Wei T. , Liu L. H. , Qu S. G. , Li X. Q. , Li Y. Y. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
High-strength Ti66Nb13Cu8Ni6.8Al6.2 composites with intermetallic matrix reinforced by nanocrystalline WC particles were fabricated via spark plasma sintering and crystallization of amorphous phase. Microstructure analysis indicates that the bulk composites contain isolated nanocrystalline WC particles surrounded by crystallized intermetallic matrix, including ductile bcc β-Ti regions surrounded by a mixed-phase region of (Cu, Ni)-Ti2, TiC, and remaining amorphous phase. With increasing sintering temperature the crystallized intermetallic matrix transforms from nanocrystalline to an ultrafine-grained structure. The composite with ultrafine-grained intermetallic matrix reinforced by 4.5 vol.% WC exhibits high yield and fracture strengths of 2194 and 2277 MPa, respectively. The variation of fracture strength for the fabricated composites can be explained based on the volume fraction of the crystallized ductile β-Ti phase and the scale of the crystallized phase regions.
Severe tempering of bainite generated at low transformation temperatures
Authors: Hasan Hala S. , Peet Mathew J. , Bhadeshia Harshad K. D. H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe response of a strong bainitic-steel to tempering at high temperatures is investigated, because a softened state is sometimes necessary during the manufacture of engineering components, prior to the final heat-treatment which hardens the material. Thermodynamic calculations conducted to determine the maximum temperature at which the steel could be annealed without forming austenite were found to significantly overestimate the actual temperature at which austenite, ferrite and cementite (γ + α + θ) can coexist in equilibrium. As a consequence, the tempering temperature must be limited to below about 700°C, which unfortunately necessitates many days of tempering in order to reduce the hardness to < 250 HV. An alloy modification which may shorten this tempering time is suggested. One unexpected outcome is that the unintended heat treatment in the three-phase field revealed useful information about the nucleation of pearlite on cementite particles. Colonies of pearlite started inevitably on particles of cementite located at the γ / α interfaces, rather than at similar particles enclosed completely by the austenite.
Studies on the Lipid Classes and Fatty Acid Compositions of Petuli (Trewia nudiflora Linn.) Seed oil
Authors: Khaleque M A , Islam MA , Akhter A , Hye MA 
Published: May 2012

Studies were carried out on the lipid classes and fatty acid compositions of petuli seed oil. It was observed that petuli seed grown under the soil and climatic condition of Bangladesh contains about 22% pale yellow coloured oil. The total lipids were fractionated into three major lipid classes, neutral lipid glyco lipid and phospho lipid by silicic acid column chromatography. The neutral lipid was accounted to 92.5% of the total weight of the lipid applied. The oil was also fractionated into mono, di and triglyceride by silicic acid column chromatography. The triglyceride was counted for over 90% of the total weight of the oil. The fatty acid compositions of the oil were analyzed by Gas liquid Chromatography and found the major fatty acid ?-elaeostearic acid 38.50%, oleic acid 34.35%, linoleic acid 26.15% and small amount of arachidic acid 1%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10716 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 105-108, 2012
Quality and Shelf-Life Evaluation of Packaged Biscuits Marketed in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury K , Khan S , Karim R , Obaid M , Hasan GMMA 
Published: May 2012

Five different brands of locally produced biscuits and five brands of foreign biscuits were collected from the market. All these biscuits were stored at ambient condition (30 ºC, and 60 % RH) for 3 months. The changes in water activity, moisture and their consequences on sensory qualities like texture, color, flavor and overall acceptance were investigated in every month. Test of packaging materials were also carried out for each brand of packed biscuits. Moisture and water activity values have been increased with time for all the samples whereas sensory scores decreased. However, all the foreign and local biscuit samples were found acceptable under the study period but only one local biscuit was found unsalableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10717 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 29-42, 2012
Effects of Natural Convection from an Open Square Cavity Containing a Heated Circular Cylinder
Authors: Hossain Sheikh Anwar , Alim MA 
Published: May 2012

The problem of natural convection heat transfer in a square open cavity containing a heated and conducting circular cylinder at the centre is analyzed in this paper. As boundary conditions of the cavity, the left vertical wall is kept at a constant heat flux, bottom and top wall are kept at different high and low temperature respectively. The remaining side is open. Two dimensional laminar steady state natural convection is considered. This configuration is related in the design of electronic devices, solar energy receivers, uncovered flat plate solar collectors geothermal reservoirs etc. The fluid is concerned with different Prandtl numbers, Grashof numbers and the properties of the fluid are assumed to be constant. The development of Mathematical model is governed by the coupled equations of continuity, momentum and energy and is solved by employing Galerkin weighted finite element method. Flow field and heat transfer were predicted for fluid with Pr = 0.72 , 1.0 ,7.0; Gr = 103, 104, 105 ,106; inclination angles of the cavity are ? = 0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and diameter ratio dr = 0.2.The average Nusselt number increases as the increases of inclination angle of the cavity for lower Pr and lower temperature at bottom wall. The average Nu increases mainly for higher inclinations and for higher Gr. Various vortices and recirculations are formed into the flow field for higher Pr and higher temperature at the bottom wall. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10718Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 19-28, 2012
Effects of Sewage Sludge at different pH Levels on Ipomoea Aquatica
Authors: Nessa A , Rahmana Shafiqur , Chowdhury MTA , Parveen Z 
Published: May 2012

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of sewage sludge on the response of Ipomoea aquatica to plant nutrients and heavy metals in soil at different soil pH. An incubation study was done for the selection of four individual pH levels, viz., 4.7, 5.7, 6.6 and 7.8 to be used for the plant culture experiment. Yield of Ipomoea aquatica and concentration and uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in the plant were evaluated. Application of sewage sludge in soil increased the concentration and uptake of the elements in Ipomoea. Slightly acidic to slightly alkaline pH was found to be better for amendment of soil with sewage sludgeDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10721 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 47-54, 2012
Dynamical Behavior of Two Dimensional Hénon Maps
Authors: Islam MS , Islam MS 
Published: May 2012

In this article, we study the two dimensional non-linear dynamical behavior of Hénon maps. We investigate the parameter values for which fixed points and periodic points of period two exist and study the dimension of the maps. We also investigate the numerical results of the maps and use computer programming Mathematica for generating graphs and computations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10722 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 55-60, 2012
Cytotoxic Effect of Five Medicinal Plants Extracts Using Brine Shrimp (<i>Artemia salina</i>) TEST
Authors: Akter R , A Satter Mohammed , Khan M S , Rahman M S , Ahmed N U 
Published: May 2012

Medicinal plants like Curcuma longa, Curcuma zedoaria, Streblus asper, Enhydra fluctunas and Scoparia dulcis are commonly available in Bangladesh. This study investigated the effect of ethanol extracts from these five medicinal plants on the viability of Brine Shrimp larvae. The lethal concentrations (LC50 values) of the extracts were determined. LC50 values of C. longa, C. zedoaria and S. asper were less than 250?g/ml and that of E. fluctunas was greater than 250 ?g/ml. Among five plants tested, one (S. dulcis) appear to be inactive. Results indicate that C. longa, C. zedoaria and S. asper could be potential sources of bio-active compounds DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10724 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 133-136, 2012
Protease Production from UV Mutated Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Sher MG , Nadeem M , Syed Q , Irfan M , Baig S 
Published: May 2012

UV mutation of the strain has significant contributation to enhance the yield of protease enzyme from Bacillus subtilis bacteria under the cultivation conditions in submerged fermentation. The fermentation medium used for the production of protease composed of carbon sources 1%, organic 1% or inorganic nitrogen sources 0.5% , K2HPO4 0.2 %, CaCl2 0.04% and MgSO4 0.02 % by mutated Bacillus subtilis G-4 under the optimum parameters which are important to induce the mutated strain to produce high units of the protease, which were temperature 37.5°C, pH 9, inoculum size 3 % v/v, glucose 1% as carbon source and peptone 1% as nitrogen source were give the maximum 455.25 + 1.66 units of protease. The results of stability studies revealed that protease of B. subtilis G-4 was stable over a broad range of temperature (30 to 60°C) and pH (8 to 12). However, maximum activity (155.45U/ml) was observed at temperature 50°C and pH 10. These characteristics render its potential use in detergent industries for detergent formulation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10725 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 69-76, 2012
An Analysis of Activity, Intensity and Structural Effect on Change in Energy Consumption in Bangladesh using Complete Decomposition Model (CDM)
Authors: Khosruzzaman S , Asgar MA , Asgar MA , Rahman KMR , Akbar S 
Published: May 2012

For the purpose of identifying the vulnerable aspects of our energy problem and to seek an appropriate solution, the total energy supply, energy demand and energy consumption need to be analyzed in respect of their components. We have used the decomposition model for analyzing the correlation between energy consumption and economic development up to 2007 taking 1990 as the base year. The relative impacts of activity, intensity and structure effect are analyzed for different economic sectors in Bangladesh. Moreover, the country's economy is disaggregated in to two groups' namely low energy intensive group and high-energy intensive group. The trends of energy uses in the above groups are also evaluated to provide a basis for assessment of sustainability. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10726 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 61-68, 2012
Catalytic Benzylation of o-Cresol with Benzyl Alcohol: A Mathematical Model
Authors: Rana AA , Kamruzzaman M , Saha M 
Published: May 2012

Benzylation of o-cresol with benzyl alcohol (Bz-OH) in presence of 94% H2SO4 as catalyst was studied statistically with a two-levels threefactored experimental design to study the effects of single factor and effects of their interactions on the yield of benzylated product. Reaction temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to Bz-OH and amount of 94% H2SO4 were considered as the major variables. A mathematical model was derived to calculate the predicted yield of benzyl o-cresol as y = 0.419T+12.4055m+16.17w-0.0525Tm-2.606mw- 0.094Tw+0.0175Tmw-6.25; where, T = temperature (oC), m = o-cresol to Bz-OH molar ratio, w = amount of catalyst (% by wt. of o-cresol) and y = yield. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked up and the discrepancies between the experimental and calculated values did not exceed ± 0.79%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10727 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 137-142, 2012
Electrocoagulation (EC) for Reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Surface Water
Authors: Rahman SH , Islam SMN , Kaiser N , Rahman Md M 
Published: May 2012

Karnopara Canal water containing high COD values (1050 mg O2/L) was treated by electrocoagulation (EC) method covering a wide range of operating conditions such as, water pH, internal electrode distances, final pH, supplying 30V electricity for constant time period (30 minutes) through same electrode material (Al electrode). The effects of different operating parameters on the efficiency of the process were examined. Targeting to reduce the COD value within the recommended limit (200 mg O2/L), this research work was emphasized on EC treatment at the simplest and cheapest way. The batch experiment results showed that the high COD contained canal water can be effectively treated using electrocoagulation. The overall COD removal efficiencies have been obtained at 87.3%, under optimum operating conditions. Taking all the factors into account, it was found that polluted Karnopara canal water can be treated using EC consisting of Al electrodes without pre-adjustment of pH at laboratory. Therefore, EC technique to reduce high COD from canal surface water is found effective, cheaper and environmental friendly. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10728 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 77-82, 2012
Seasonal Variations in the Chemical Composition of Apple Snail, Pila globosa
Authors: Nargis A , Ali SH , Hasan MR , Rahman MR 
Published: May 2012

Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and moisture content in the muscle of Pila globosa (Swainson) were analyzed. The compositions varied seasonally in relation to reproductive cycle of the snail. Significant correlation existed between moisture and carbohydrate (r = 0.79), moisture and fat (r = 0.74), moisture and protein (r = 0.94), moisture and ash (r = 0.73), protein and ash (r = 0.80), fat and carbohydrate (r = 0.95), protein and carbohydrate (r = 0.89) in females. In male, correlation is highly significant between protein and ash ( r= 0.65), protein and carbohydrate (r= 0.49), fat and carbohydrate ( r= 89). But negatively correlated with moisture and fat (r = -0.38), moisture and carbohydrate (r = -0.40) ,), moisture and ash (r = - 0.30), moisture and protein (r = - 0.13). Fat and carbohydrate content was higher in large sized female than that of the male.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10730 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 89-92, 2012
Quality Assessment of Shrimp (<i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i>. De Man, 1879) During Storage in Ice
Authors: Begum M , Khaleque MA , Wahed MA , Hafiz F 
Published: May 2012

With a view to get a pen picture about the trend and extent of quality changes and as well as shelf life of the head off and head on shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii, De Man, 1879), the present study have been carried out . Quality changes have been measured by application of sensory score evaluation and changes in chemical indices such as Total Volatile Nitrogen (TVN) value, pH and level of moisture at different time interval and Total Bacterial Count (TBC) at 15°C during the study period. The results of the sensory score evaluation indicates that the shrimp quality decreased to the limits of acceptability at 12th days of ice storage. The head off shrimp kept slight better than corresponding head on shrimps. The bacterial counts determined at 15°C have been found to increase from 103 - 107 and 104 -108 cfu/gm for head off and head on shrimp respectively at the limit of acceptability. The moisture level increased from initial 78.85gm% to final 83.80gm% (head off) & 79.0gm% to 84.0gm% (head on) and pH value increases from 7.1 to 8.1 during the whole period of iced preservation . Both head off and head on shrimp remained in acceptable condition for up to 12 and 14 days of storage respectively while the quality of fish deteriorates and become unacceptable. The bacterial count corresponding to unacceptable condition ranges from 108-109 cfu/gm fish sample. The TVN value corresponding to rejection condition were 45-50mg N/100gm fish sample. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10731 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 93-98, 2012