bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxation, developmental state capacity and poverty reduction
Authors: Di John Jonathan 
Published: January 2011

Di John J. Taxation, developmental state capacity and poverty reductionInt J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 270–279 © 2011 United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare.This article argues that policy instruments in taxation are likely to be more effective when one views taxation not only in terms of administrative capacity, but also when tax is viewed in wider developmental processes. Much of the literature and policy on taxation explores how to improve taxation in terms of administrative capacity without examining what policies are needed to improve the incentives of taxpayers to comply. The article provides examples of how tax reform can be more usefully employed when linked to explicit production strategies. It also argues that the success of improved tax collection needs to be assessed, not simply in terms of revenue increases, but also how these increases affect distributional outcomes and political stability.
Labour market policies, poverty and insecurity
Authors: Standing Guy 
Published: January 2011

Standing G. Labour market policies, poverty and insecurityInt J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 260–269 © 2011 United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare.The article sets out to evaluate the performance of the conventional labour market and social policies in the era of globalised labour markets in terms of poverty alleviation, equality and security. To this end, it develops a framework based on three key policy evaluation principles, centred on the normative notion of social justice, whereby the expansion of full freedom requires basic economic security for all. After summarising main labour market trends, the article proceeds by analysing conventional labour market policies, targeted labour schemes, regulatory interventions and cash transfers as labour market policy.
Welfarism and the multidimensionality of welfare state legitimacy: Evidence from The Netherlands, 2006
Authors: van Oorschot Wim , Meuleman Bart 
Published: January 2011

Oorschot W van, Meuleman B. Welfarism and the multidimensionality of welfare state legitimacy: evidence from The Netherlands, 2006Is it possible that citizens who support a substantial role for government in the provision of welfare are, at the same time, critical about specific aspects of such provision? Based on confirmatory factor analyses, and using a 2006 Dutch survey, this study shows that welfare state legitimacy is indeed multidimensional, i.e. that opinions tend to cluster together in several dimensions referring to various aspects of the welfare state. There is partial evidence for the existence of a single, underlying welfarism dimension which consists basically of views regarding the range of governmental responsibility, as well as of the idea that these governmental provisions do not have unfavourable repercussions in economic or moral spheres. However, the separate dimensions cannot be reduced entirely to this overall welfarism dimension. This is illustrated by the finding that the various attitude dimensions are affected differently by socio‐structural position and ideological dispositions.
Winnicott on Jung: destruction, creativity and the unrepressed unconscious
Authors: Meredith‐Owen William 
Published: January 2011

Abstract:  This paper considers Winnicott's critique of Jung, principally expressed in his review of Memories, Dreams, Reflections, which asserts that Jung's creative contribution to analysis was constrained by his failure to integrate his ‘primitive destructive impulses’, subsequent to inadequate early containment. It is argued that although Winnicott's diagnosis illuminates Jung's shadow, particularly his constraints vis‐à‐vis the repressed Freudian unconscious, it fails to appreciate the efficacy of the compensatory containment Jung found in the collective unconscious.This enigmatic relationship between destruction and creativity—so central to late Winnicott—is illuminated by Matte Blanco's bi‐logic, and further explored in relation to William Blake. Winnicott's personal resolution through his Jung‐inspired ‘splitting headache’ dream of destruction—previously considered in this Journal by Morey (2005) and Sedgwick (2008)—is given particular attention.
Empirical study of Kanji as archetypal images: understanding the collective unconscious as part of the Japanese language
Authors: Sotirova‐Kohli Milena , Rosen David H. , Smith Steven M. , Henderson Patti , Taki‐Reece Sachiko 
Published: January 2011

Abstract:  Chinese characters originated as a semiotic system independent from spoken language and in the Japanese language they function non‐phonetically with speakers exhibiting right‐hemispheric advantage in their processing. We tested the hypothesis that Chinese characters are archetypal images and therefore part of our collective unconscious memory.Our study builds on the first empirical study of archetypal memory of Rosen et al. (1991) which demonstrated that archetypal symbols presented matched with their correct meaning were better learned and recalled. In a series of three experiments we used 40 Chinese characters instead of the archetypal symbols used by Rosen, et al. (1991). The results provided empirical evidence that Chinese characters matched with their correct meaning were significantly better recalled than the ones that were mismatched. Thus, we demonstrated that there appears to be unconscious knowledge of the meaning of the Chinese characters which was triggered as a result of priming when the characters were correctly matched with their meaning. On this basis, we suggest that Chinese characters exhibit the same cognitive qualities as archetypal symbols. Thus, in the Japanese language an archetypal image is integrated non‐phonetically into the system of language and signifies the concept independent from the phonetic signifier and is equal to it.
HIF‐1 modulates longevity and healthspan in a temperature‐dependent manner
Authors: Leiser Scott F. , Begun Anisoara , Kaeberlein Matt 
Published: January 2011

SummaryThe hypoxia‐inducible factor HIF‐1 has recently been identified as an important modifier of longevity in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. Studies have reported that HIF‐1 can function as both a positive and negative regulator of life span, and several disparate models have been proposed for the role of HIF in aging. Here, we resolve many of the apparent discrepancies between these studies. We find that stabilization of HIF‐1 increases life span robustly under all conditions tested; however, deletion of hif‐1 increases life span in a temperature‐dependent manner. Animals lacking HIF‐1 are long lived at 25°C but not at 15°C. We further report that deletion or RNAi knockdown of hif‐1 impairs healthspan at lower temperatures because of an age‐dependent loss of vulval integrity. Deletion of hif‐1 extends life span modestly at 20°C when animals displaying the vulval integrity defect are censored from the experimental data, but fails to extend life span if these animals are included. Knockdown of hif‐1 results in nuclear relocalization of the FOXO transcription factor DAF‐16, and DAF‐16 is required for life span extension from deletion of hif‐1 at all temperatures regardless of censoring.
Hair shaft abnormalities in alopecia areata evaluated by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Garcia Bartels Natalie , Jahnke Irina , Patzelt Alexa , Richter Heike , Lademann Jürgen , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike 
Published: January 2011

Background/purpose: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is able to provide highly reproducible measurements of hair shaft thickness, including hair shaft diameter, cross‐sectional surface area and hair shape, similar to histology but in vivo. Variations in the caliber of hair shafts have been described in patchy hair loss like alopecia areata (AA) using electron microscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether OCT is useful for the evaluation of hair shaft abnormalities in AA.Methods: The measurements were performed on patients with AA (n=9), aged 2–66 years. Fifty hairs from the border of an alopecic area and 50 hairs from an unaffected area without hair loss were examined using the OCT technique. The hair parameters were characterized by the cross‐section (CS) and the form factor. The ratio of the maximal and minimal diameters of the hair at a fixed measuring distance from the scalp surface determined the form factor (dmax/dmin).Results: In all cases, the CS of hairs from an AA patch was significantly lower compared with hairs of an unaffected area. However, the form factor did not indicate any disturbances in hair growth.Conclusions: The results demonstrate that structural abnormalities of hair shafts are found in active lesions of AA, but not in clinically unaffected hairs. The OCT technique is a promising method to gain more insight into the pathogenesis of AA in a non‐invasive way.
Periodontal health status in the elderly with different levels of education: a 5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Siukosaari Päivi , Ajwani Shilpi , Ainamo Anja , Wolf Juhani , Närhi Timo 
Published: January 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00437.xPeriodontal health status in the elderly with different levels of education: a 5‐year follow‐up studyObjective:  To assess the association between the periodontal health status and level of education over a 5‐year period among the elderly aged 75 years and older.Background:  Oral health among the higher educated is known to be better than among the less‐well educated. On the other hand, the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease has been found to grow with increasing age.Methods:  The participants were derived from a population‐based Helsinki Aging Study, a random sample of 76‐, 81‐ and 86‐year‐old elderly. The 170 dentate elderly who underwent clinical oral examinations at baseline and 71 who participated in the follow‐up were included in this study. The data was collected from intraoral and radiological examinations and from a structured questionnaire.Results:  Subjects with a higher level of education had more retained teeth than subjects with a lower level of education. According to CPITN index, better‐educated participants had more healthy sextants, but they also had more sextants with periodontal pockets. Radiographic examination showed similar results.Conclusion:  Level of education has a clear effect on the periodontal health status in the elderly. More treatment need seems to polarise into those elderly who are better educated as they retain more teeth into old age.
Parents' satisfaction concerning their child's hospital care
Authors: MATZIOU Vasiliki , BOUTOPOULOU Barbara , CHRYSOSTOMOU Anthi , VLACHIOTI Efrosini , MANTZIOU Theodora , PETSIOS Konstantinos 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim:  To explore parents' satisfaction concerning their child's care during hospitalization and its determinants.Methods:  A descriptive, non‐experimental correlational design was used. The data collection was based on interviews using a 63 item questionnaire, the Swedish Pyramid Questionnaire. The parents of 206 children (hospitalized in two pediatric and two surgical units) participated in the study.Results:  The independent t‐test results demonstrated that the parents showed greater satisfaction with staff attitudes and medical treatment, whereas they were less satisfied with the information concerning routines and the staff work environment. The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that adequacy of care, adequate pain management, parents' involvement in care, a trusting relationship, and staff attitudes were the most important determinants of parental satisfaction.Conclusion:  Interventions in pediatric care should include measurements of parental and child satisfaction as a tool to assess the quality of care.
Postorgasmic Illness Syndrome (POIS) in 45 Dutch Caucasian Males: Clinical Characteristics and Evidence for an Immunogenic Pathogenesis (Part 1)
Authors: Waldinger Marcel D. , Meinardi Marcus M.H.M. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Schweitzer Dave H. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is a combination of local allergic symptoms and transient flu-like illness. In this study, the investigators propose five preliminary criteria to establish the diagnosis.

Aim
To describe the clinical details in 45 males being suspected of having POIS and to test an immunogenic hypothesis as the underlying mechanism of their presentations.

Methods
Forty-five males were studied according to standardized protocol, including neuropsychiatric and medical sexological evaluations; their complaints were categorized using their own words, and their self-perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT). Skin-prick testing with autologous diluted semen in 33 men were also performed.

Main Outcome Measures
Clinical features of POIS including self-perceived IELTs and the results of skin-prick testing with autologous diluted seminal fluid.

Results
Of the 45 included men, 33 subjects consented with skin-prick testing. Of them, 29 (88%) men had a positive skin-prick test with their own (autologous) semen, and four had a negative test. In 87% of men, POIS symptoms started within 30 minutes after ejaculation. Complaints of POIS were categorized in seven clusters of symptoms, e.g., general, flu-like, head, eyes, nose, throat, and muscles. Local allergic reactions of eyes and nose were reported in 44% and 33% of subjects, a flu-like syndrome in 78% of subjects, exhaustion and concentration difficulties in 80% and 87% of subjects. Of all subjects, 58% had an atopic constitution. Lifelong premature ejaculation, defined as self-perceived IELT &lt;1 minute, was reported in 25 (56%) of subjects.

Conclusions
The combination of allergic and systemic flu-like reactions post-ejaculation together with a positive skin-prick test in the majority of males underscores the hypothesis of an “immunogenic” etiology of POIS, e.g., that POIS is caused by Type-1 and Type-IV allergy to the males’ own semen, as soon it is triggered by ejaculation.
TRACKING A GENERATOR BY PERSISTENCE
Authors: BUSARYEV OLEKSIY , DEY TAMAL K. , WANG YUSU 
Published: January 2011

The persistent homology provides a mathematical tool to describe "features" in a principled manner. The persistence algorithm proposed by Edelsbrunner et al. can compute not only the persistent homology for a filtered simplicial complex, but also representative generating cycles for persistent homology groups. However, if there are dynamic changes either in the filtration or in the underlying simplicial complex, the representative generating cycle can change wildly. In this paper, we consider the problem of tracking generating cycles with temporal coherence. Specifically, our goal is to track a chosen essential generating cycle so that the changes in it are "local". This requires reordering simplices in the filtration. To handle reordering operations, we build upon the matrix framework proposed by Cohen-Steiner et al. to swap two consecutive simplices, so that we can process a reordering directly. We present an application showing how our algorithm can track an essential cycle in a complex constructed out of a point cloud data.
Stathmin Overexpression Identifies High-Risk Patients and Lymph Node Metastasis in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Trovik Jone , Wik Elisabeth , Stefansson Ingunn M. , Marcickiewicz Janusz , Tingulstad Solveig , Staff Anne C. , Njolstad Tormund S. ,   MoMaTec Study Group, Vandenput Ingrid , Amant Frederic , Akslen Lars A. , Salvesen Helga B. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Overexpression of the oncogen Stathmin has been linked to aggressive endometrial carcinoma and a potential for PI3Kinase inhibitors in this disease. We wanted to validate the prognostic value of Stathmin expression in a large prospective multicenter setting. As lymph node sampling is part of current surgical staging, we also aimed to test if Stathmin expression in endometrial curettage specimens could predict lymph node metastasis.
Experimental Design: A total of 1,076 endometrial cancer patients have been recruited from 10 centers to investigate the biological tumor marker Stathmin in relation to clinicopathologic variables, including lymph node status and survival. Stathmin immunohistochemical staining was carried out in 477 hysterectomy and 818 curettage specimens.
Results: Seventy-one percent of the patients (n = 763) were subjected to lymph node sampling, of which 12% had metastatic nodes (n = 94). Overexpression of Stathmin was detected in 37% (302 of 818) of the curettage and in 18% (84 of 477) of the hysterectomy specimens investigated. Stathmin overexpression in curettage and hysterectomy specimens were highly correlated and significantly associated with nonendometrioid histology, high grade, and aneuploidy. Stathmin analysis in preoperative curettage samples significantly correlated with, and was an independent predictor of, lymph node metastases. High Stathmin expression was associated with poor disease-specific survival (P ≤ 0.002) both in curettage and hysterectomy specimens.
Conclusions: Stathmin immunohistochemical staining identifies endometrial carcinomas with lymph node metastases and poor survival. The value, as a predictive marker for response to PI3Kinase inhibition and as a tool to stratify patients for lymph node sampling in endometrial carcinomas, remains to be determined. Clin Cancer Res; 17(10); 3368–77. ©2011 AACR.
Effect of TiCl4 Treatment on Porous ZnO Photoelectrodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Sakai Nobuya , Kawashima Norimichi , Murakami Takurou N 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
In this study, photoelectrodes composed of a porous layer of 100-nm ZnO particles are fabricated for use in dye-sensitized solar cells. The electrodes are immersed in an aqueous TiCl4 solution to coat them with a thin layer of TiO2 for preparation of ZnO–TiO2 core–shell electrodes. This simple treatment drastically improves the cell performance, resulting in the highest obtained efficiency of 3.91%. This efficiency is higher than that of 100-nm TiO2 particle cells.
Synthesis and Aqueous Dispersion Properties of Triarm Poly(NIPAAm-b-HEAAm) Diblock Copolymers
Authors: Ashaduzzaman Md , Kai Shuhei , Uemura Shinobu , Kunitake Masashi 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The thermoresponsive dispersion properties of triarm-shaped diblock copolymers of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) {poly(NIPAAm)} as a core unit and poly(N-hydroxyethylacrylamide) {poly(HEAAm)} as a hydrophilic outer shell were investigated. The core and the outer shell were synthesized by atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The block polymer was completely dissolved in water up to 10−6 M with no turbidity even above lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Above the LCST (ca. 33.6 °C) polymer aggregates, in which the NIPAAm moiety was shrunk and formed a hydrophobic core, were monitored by dynamic light scattering measurements, while no signal was observed below the LCST. The size of globular aggregates with diameter in the range 35 to 170 nm was kinetically controlled by incubation in the transition-temperature region near the LCST. The size was stable above that temperature region.
Phosphine Sulfides as an Anchor Unit for Single Molecule Junctions
Authors: Fukazawa Aiko , Kiguchi Manabu , Tange Satoshi , Ichihashi Yasunori , Zhao Qiang , Takahashi Takuya , Konishi Tatsuya , Murakoshi Kei , Tsuji Yuta , Staykov Aleksandar , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Yamaguchi Shigehiro 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Phenylene and biphenyl compounds with dibenzophosphole sulfide (DBPS) as an anchoring group for single molecule junctions were synthesized. The conductance measurements revealed that the phosphine sulfide indeed acts as an anchoring group for Au electrodes. Theoretical calculations including metal electrodes demonstrated that the LUMO level of the DBPS-terminated biphenyl is close to the Au Fermi level, leading to the electron conduction of the Au–molecule–Au junction based on the resonance-tunneling mechanism.
Electrochemical Catalytic Carbon-skeleton Rearrangement Mediated by Imine/Oxime-type B12 Model Complex
Authors: Tahara Keishiro , Chen Yi , Pan Ling , Masuko Takahiro , Shimakoshi Hisashi , Hisaeda Yoshio 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
An electrochemical carbon-skeleton rearrangement of methylmalonate skeleton to succinate was successfully mediated by an imine/oxime-type cobalt complex using diethyl 2-bromomethyl-2-phenylmalonate as a model substrate of a coenzyme B12-dependent enzymatic reaction. Cyclic voltammetric and mass spectrometric studies revealed that this electrocatalysis of the alkyl bromide with 1,2-migration of a carboxylic ester group was achieved by the duet redox process between the reduction of the monoalkylated complex and the oxidation of the dialkylated complex.
Preconception Care for Women With Preexisting Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Roman Melissa A. 
Published: January 2011

IN BRIEF
With the onset of type 2 diabetes occurring at younger ages, there is a greater responsibility on the part of health care providers to provide optimum care to women with diabetes who are considering pregnancy. Controlling blood glucose levels early is key to improving perinatal outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes.
Effects of a Patient Education Support Program on Pramlintide Adherence
Authors: Lorenzi Gayle M. , LaRue Susan M. , Collins Susan Eno 
Published: January 2011

IN BRIEFPoor adherence jeopardizes treatment efficacy and patient outcomes while negatively affecting use of health care provider resources. This article describes an education support program that was designed to improve medication adherence among patients using pramlintide, an injectable postprandial therapy for patients with diabetes using mealtime insulin. The program reinforced treatment expectations and integrated anticipatory problem-solving strategies based on product profile from treatment initiation to maintenance. Adherence to pramlintide therapy was improved with use of this interactive, proactive, and need-based program.
Sago as a medium for "in vitro" culture of some common soil bacteria
Authors: Kapilan R , Thavaranjit AC 
Published: January 2011

Nutrient agar (NA) medium is universally used as a general purpose medium for the culture of a broad range of bacteria and the cost of this commercially available medium is considerably high. Sago (Metraxylon sagu) contains a considerable amount of starch and a small amount of reducing sugars and is not used as a staple food in Sri Lanka. This study was aimed to find out the suitable composition of the sago medium compared with NA and to carry out growth studies of soil bacteria on sago medium. Media were prepared in different compositions by addition of different amount of sago in 100mL volume (25mL of distilled water + 75mL of young king coconut sap) separately. Bacterial suspensions (5.21×106 cfu/ml, SD=1.12) of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia and Staphylococcus were transferred on the selected sago medium separately by using spread plate techniques. There was no significant difference between sago and NA media in number of the colonies (t test; p = 0.05). Colonies appeared earlier in NA media than in sago media. But the colony morphological characters such as shape/form, margin, elevation, colour and size were almost similar to all bacteria selected on both media, except consistency. Thus, instead of NA the low cost and easily available sago medium could be recommended for the cultivation of soil bacteria. Key words: Sago medium; Nutrient agar; solidification time; Metraxylon sagu DOI: 10.4038/josuk.v4i0.2693J Sci.Univ.Kelaniya 4 (2008): 11-14