bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Co‐Ni‐Heterometallic Butterfly Complex Obtained via a Novel Synthesis Approach
Authors: Carrella Luca M. , Schollmeyer Dieter , Rentschler Eva 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAbstract. The heterometallic complex [Co2Ni2(OH)2(O2CtBu)6(HOEt)6]·2EtOH (1) with a so called butterfly structural motif was prepared by reaction of the homometallic precursor complexes [Co2(H2O)(O2CtBu)4(HO2CtBu)4] and [Ni2(H2O)(O2CtBu)4(HO2CtBu)4] in an one to one ratio under elevate temperature. Complex 1 was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectroscopy, elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The magnetic data show an overall antiferromagnetic behavior, which can be explained with three different coupling constants, resulting in a paramagnetic ground state.
The Reaction of BeCl2 with Carbodiphosphorane C(PPh3)2; Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Petz Wolfgang , Dehnicke Kurt , Holzmann Nicole , Frenking Gernot , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe use of 2‐Br‐fluorobenzene as the solvent permitted the isolation of the addition compound [Cl2Be(C{PPh3}2)] (5) from the reaction of the carbodiphosphorane 1 (carbon) with BeCl2 featuring a three coordinate beryllium atom. In other solvents such as THF, DCM, etc. deprotonation occurs with formation of the cations (HC{PPh3}2)+ or (H2C{PPh3}2)2+. Compound 5 was characterized by an X‐ray diffraction analysis. The analysis of the bonding situation in Cl2Be←1 reveals that the orbital donation comes mainly from the σ lone‐pair orbital of 1, whereas the π donation is rather weak. However, the Cl2Be←1 π donation appears strong enough to make the donation of a second donor species 1 unfavorable. The calculation of 1→Cl2Be←1 shows that the latter complex is higher in energy than 1→Cl2Be and free 1. The carbodiphosphorane may bind, albeit weakly, a second BeCl2 species in the complex Cl2Be←1→BeCl2. The bond dissociation energies for the first and second BeCl2 fragments are De = 31.8 kcal·mol–1 and 7.0 kcal·mol–1. The dimerization of Cl2Be←1 is energetically slightly endoenergetic.
Anthocyanin kinetics are dependent on anthocyanin structure
Authors: Novotny Janet A. , Clevidence Beverly A. , Kurilich Anne C. 
Published: September 2011

The kinetics of anthocyanin metabolism was investigated in a human feeding trial. Volunteers (n 12) consumed purple carrots containing five anthocyanin forms: cyanidin-3-(xylose-glucose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-sinapoyl-glucose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-feruloyl-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-coumuroyl-glucose-galactoside). The purple carrots were served as three different treatments in a crossover design with a 3-week washout between treatments. Purple carrot treatments were 250 g raw carrots, 250 g cooked carrots and 500 g cooked carrots. Serial blood and urine samples were collected for 8 and 24 h after the dose, respectively, and analysed for anthocyanins. Of the anthocyanin forms ingested, four were detected in plasma and urine: cyanidin-3-(xylose-glucose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-galactoside), cyanidin-3-(xylose-sinapoyl-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-feruloyl-glucose-galactoside). The time courses of plasma and urine anthocyanin contents were evaluated with compartmental modelling. Results showed that absorption, gastrointestinal transit and plasma elimination are dependent on anthocyanin structure. Absorption efficiencies of acylated compounds (cyanidin-3-(xylose-sinapoyl-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-feruloyl-glucose-galactoside)) were less than those for non-acylated anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-(xylose-glucose-galactoside) and cyanidin-3-(xylose-galactoside)). The acylated anthocyanins exhibited a shorter half-life for gastrointestinal absorption than the non-acylated anthocyanins. Fractional elimination of non-acylated compounds was slower than that for acylated anthocyanins. These results provide the first information about the kinetics of individual anthocyanins in human beings.
A Parametric Study for Four Node Bilinear EAS Shell Elements
Authors: Polat Cengiz 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTA locking free formulation of 4-node bilinear shell element and its application to shell structures is demonstrated. The Enhanced Assumed Strain (EAS) method based on three-field variational principle of Hu-Washizu is used in the formulation. Transverse shear locking and membrane locking are circumvented by means of enhancing the displacement-dependent strain field with extra assumed strain field. Several benchmark shell problems are analyzed.
Effects of variations in duodenal glucose load on blood pressure, heart rate, superior mesenteric artery blood flow and plasma noradrenaline in healthy young and older subjects
Authors: Trahair Laurence G. , Vanis Lora , Gentilcore Diana , Lange Kylie , Rayner Christopher K. , Horowitz Michael , Jones Karen L. 
Published: September 2011

PPH (postprandial hypotension), leading to increased morbidity and mortality, is an important clinical problem, particularly in the elderly and individuals with autonomic dysfunction. The magnitude of the postprandial fall in BP (blood pressure) appears to be dependent on the rate of nutrient entry into the small intestine and may be related to changes in splanchnic blood flow and sympathetic nerve activity. We aimed at determining the comparative effects of different ID (intraduodenal) glucose loads on BP, HR (heart rate), SMA (superior mesenteric artery) flow and vascular conductance and plasma NA (noradrenaline) in ‘young’ and ‘older’ subjects. A total of 12 ‘young’ (six male and six female; age, 22.2±2.3 years) and 12 ‘older’ (six male and six female; age, 68.7±1.0 years) subjects, the latter who have been studied previously [Vanis, Gentilcore, Rayner, Wishart, Horowitz, Feinle-Bisset and Jones (2011) Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 300, R1524–R1531], had measurements of BP, HR, SMA flow and plasma NA before, and during, ID infusions of glucose at 1, 2 or 3 kcal/min (‘G1’, ‘G2’ and ‘G3’) (where 1 kcal≈4.184 J), or ‘S’ (saline) for 60 min. In ‘young’ subjects, there was no change in BP during any of the four infusions. In contrast, in ‘older’ subjects, SBP (systolic BP) fell during ‘G2’, and ‘G3’ (P&lt;0.005 for both), but not during ‘S’ or ‘G1’. In ‘young’ and ‘older’ subjects HR increased during ‘G2’ (P&lt;0.05) and ‘G3’ (P&lt;0.001), a response that was greater (P&lt;0.05) in the young, but not during ‘S’ or ‘G1’. The rise in SMA flow and vascular conductance in response to ID glucose were load-dependent in both ‘young’ and ‘older’ subjects (P&lt;0.001 for all), with no difference between them. Plasma NA rose in response to ‘G2’ and ‘G3’ (P&lt;0.05) in the young, but in ‘G3’ (P&lt;0.05) only in the ‘older’ subjects, with no difference between them. Hence, in response to small intestinal glucose infusions at 1, 2 and 3 kcal/min, ‘older’, but not ‘young’, subjects exhibit a comparable fall in BP in response to the two higher glucose loads, which may reflect an inadequate, compensatory, rise in HR, in the ‘older’ subjects, but not a greater increase in SMA conductance.
Raman scattering of 4-aminobenzenethiol sandwiched between Ag nanoparticle and macroscopically smooth Au substrate: Effects of size of Ag nanoparticles and the excitation wavelength
Authors: Kim Kwan , Choi Jeong-Yong , Lee Hyang Bong , Shin Kuan Soo 
Published: September 2011

A nanogap formed by a metal nanoparticle and a flat metal substrate is one kind of “hot site” for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Accordingly, although no Raman signal is observable when 4-aminobenzenethiol (4-ABT), for instance, is self-assembled on a flat Au substrate, a distinct spectrum is obtained when Ag or Au nanoparticles are adsorbed on the pendent amine groups of 4-ABT. This is definitely due to the electromagnetic coupling between the localized surface plasmon of Ag or Au nanoparticle with the surface plasmon polariton of the planar Au substrate, allowing an intense electric field to be induced in the gap even by visible light. To appreciate the Raman scattering enhancement and also to seek the optimal condition for SERS at the nanogap, we have thoroughly examined the size effect of Ag nanoparticles, along with the excitation wavelength dependence, by assembling 4-ABT between planar Au and a variable-size Ag nanoparticle (from 20- to 80-nm in diameter). Regarding the size dependence, a higher Raman signal was observed when larger Ag nanoparticles were attached onto 4-ABT, irrespective of the excitation wavelength. Regarding the excitation wavelength, the highest Raman signal was measured at 568 nm excitation, slightly larger than that at 632.8 nm excitation. The Raman signal measured at 514.5 and 488 nm excitation was an order of magnitude weaker than that at 568 nm excitation, in agreement with the finite-difference time domain simulation. It is noteworthy that placing an Au nanoparticle on 4-ABT, instead of an Ag nanoparticle, the enhancement at the 568 nm excitation was several tens of times weaker than that at the 632.8 nm excitation, suggesting the importance of the localized surface plasmon resonance of the Ag nanoparticles for an effective coupling with the surface plasmon polariton of the planar Au substrate to induce a very intense electric field at the nanogap.
A New Insight into Application for Barley Chromosome Addition Lines of Common Wheat: Achievement of Stigmasterol Accumulation
Authors: Tang Jianwei , Ohyama Kiyoshi , Kawaura Kanako , Hashinokuchi Hiromi , Kamiya Yoko , Suzuki Masashi , Muranaka Toshiya , Ogihara Yasunari 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBarley (Hordeum vulgare) has a much higher content of bioactive substances than wheat (Triticum aestivum). In order to investigate additive and/or synergistic effect(s) on the phytosterol content of barley chromosomes, we used a series of barley chromosome addition lines of common wheat that were produced by normal crossing. In determining the plant sterol levels in 2-week-old seedlings and dry seeds, we found that the level of stigmasterol in the barley chromosome 3 addition (3H) line in the seedlings was 1.5-fold higher than that in the original wheat line and in the other barley chromosome addition lines, but not in the seeds. Simultaneously, we determined the overall expression pattern of genes related to plant sterol biosynthesis in the seedlings of wheat and each addition line to assess the relative expression of each gene in the sterol pathway. Since we elucidated the CYP710A8 (cytochrome P450 subfamily)-encoding sterol C-22 desaturase as a key characteristic for the higher level of stigmasterol, full-length cDNAs of wheat and barley CYP710A8 genes were isolated. These CYP710A8 genes were mapped on chromosome 3 in barley (3H) and wheat (3A, 3B, and 3D), and the expression of CYP710A8 genes increased in the 3H addition line, indicating that it is responsible for stigmasterol accumulation. Overexpression of the CYP710A8 genes in Arabidopsis increased the stigmasterol content but did not alter the total sterol level. Our results provide new insight into the accumulation of bioactive compounds in common wheat and a new approach for assessing plant metabolism profiles.
Genetics, Evolution, and Adaptive Significance of the Selfing Syndrome in the GenusCapsella
Authors: Sicard Adrien , Stacey Nicola , Hermann Katrin , Dessoly Jimmy , Neuffer Barbara , Bäurle Isabel , Lenhard Michael 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe change from outbreeding to selfing is one of the most frequent evolutionary transitions in flowering plants. It is often accompanied by characteristic morphological and functional changes to the flowers (the selfing syndrome), including reduced flower size and opening. Little is known about the developmental and genetic basis of the selfing syndrome, as well as its adaptive significance. Here, we address these issues using the two closely related species Capsella grandiflora (the ancestral outbreeder) and red shepherd's purse (Capsella rubella, the derived selfer). In C. rubella, petal size has been decreased by shortening the period of proliferative growth. Using interspecific recombinant inbred lines, we show that differences in petal size and flower opening between the two species each have a complex genetic basis involving allelic differences at multiple loci. An intraspecific cross within C. rubella suggests that flower size and opening have been decreased in the C. rubella lineage before its extensive geographical spread. Lastly, by generating plants that likely resemble the earliest ancestors of the C. rubella lineage, we provide evidence that evolution of the selfing syndrome was at least partly driven by selection for efficient self-pollination. Thus, our studies pave the way for a molecular dissection of selfing-syndrome evolution.
CFL1, a WW Domain Protein, Regulates Cuticle Development by Modulating the Function of HDG1, a Class IV Homeodomain Transcription Factor, in Rice andArabidopsis
Authors: Wu Renhong , Li Shibai , He Shan , Waßmann Friedrich , Yu Caihong , Qin Genji , Schreiber Lukas , Qu Li-Jia , Gu Hongya 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPlants have a chemically heterogeneous lipophilic layer, the cuticle, which protects them from biotic and abiotic stresses. The mechanisms that regulate cuticle development are poorly understood. We identified a rice (Oryza sativa) dominant curly leaf mutant, curly flag leaf1 (cfl1), and cloned CFL1, which encodes a WW domain protein. We overexpressed both rice and Arabidopsis CFL1 in Arabidopsis thaliana; these transgenic plants showed severely impaired cuticle development, similar to that in cfl1 rice. Reduced expression of At CFL1 resulted in reinforcement of cuticle structure. At CFL1 was predominantly expressed in specialized epidermal cells and in regions where dehiscence and abscission occur. Biochemical evidence showed that At CFL1 interacts with HDG1, a class IV homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factor. Suppression of HDG1 function resulted in similar defective cuticle phenotypes in wild-type Arabidopsis but much alleviated phenotypes in At cfl1-1 mutants. The expression of two cuticle development-associated genes, BDG and FDH, was downregulated in At CFL1 overexpressor and HDG1 suppression plants. HDG1 binds to the cis-element L1 box, which exists in the regulatory regions of BDG and FDH. Our results suggest that rice and Arabidopsis CFL1 negatively regulate cuticle development by affecting the function of HDG1, which regulates the downstream genes BDG and FDH.
Glycolic acid chemical peeling improves inflammatory acne eruptions through its inhibitory and bactericidal effects on Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: TAKENAKA Yuko , HAYASHI Nobukazu , TAKEDA Mikiko , ASHIKAGA Sayaka , KAWASHIMA Makoto 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGlycolic acid chemical peeling is effective for treating comedones, and some clinical data show that it also improves inflammatory eruptions. The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanism of glycolic acid chemical peeling to improve inflammatory acne. To assess growth inhibitory and bactericidal effects of glycolic acid on Propionibacterium acnes in vitro, we used an agar diffusion method and a time‐kill method. To reveal bactericidal effects in vivo, we established an agar‐attached method which correlated well with the ordinary swab‐wash method, and we used the agar‐attached method to compare the numbers of propionibacteria on the cheek treated with glycolic acid chemical peeling. Our results show that 30% glycolic acid (at pH 1.5, 3.5 and 5.5) formed growth inhibitory circles in the agar diffusion method, but the diameters of those circles were smaller than with 1% nadifloxacin lotion or 1% clindamycin gel. In the time‐kill method, 30% glycolic acid (at pH 1.5 and 3.5) or 1% nadifloxacin lotion reduced the number of P. acnes to less than 100 CFU/mL within 5 min. In contrast, in 30% glycolic acid (at pH 5.5) or in 1% clindamycin gel, P. acnes survived for more than 4 h. Chemical peeling with 35% glycolic acid (at pH 1.2) decreased the number of propionibacteria on the cheeks of patients compared with untreated controls (P < 0.01). Our results demonstrate that glycolic acid has moderate growth inhibitory and bactericidal effects on P. acnes, and that chemical peeling with glycolic acid works on inflammatory acne via those effects.
Should testosterone replacement be offered to hypogonadal men treated previously for prostatic carcinoma?
Authors: Landau D. , Tsakok T. , Aylwin S. , Hughes S. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryAndrogen administration can cause prostate cancer progression, and androgen deprivation therapy is a commonly used therapeutic modality in the treatment of prostate cancer. In trying to answer the posed clinical question, this article reviews the risks and benefits of testosterone replacement therapy in this setting and the published data from clinical series. Recommendations are made based on the available evidence.
A family systems nursing intervention model for paediatric health crisis
Authors: Tomlinson Patricia Short , Peden‐McAlpine Cynthia , Sherman Suzan 
Published: September 2011

tomlinson p.s., peden‐mcalpine c. & sherman s. (2012) A family systems nursing intervention model for paediatric health crisis. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(3), 705–714.AbstractAim.  This article discusses the development of a family systems nursing intervention for clinical use in health crisis.Background.  Although studies in paediatric critical care provide evidence that family stress is an important clinical phenomenon, studies have demonstrated that few nurses have the requisite family intervention skills to provide family members with adequate support during crisis. In addition, few intervention studies that focus on provider–family relationships with the goal of reducing stress have been reported. This article contributes to the literature by redressing this lack.Data sources.  The literature search supporting this project spanned from 1980 to 2009 and included searches from classic nursing theory, family theory and relevant nursing research specific to the design of the intervention reported.Discussion.  The goal of the intervention is to provide a theoretical and practical foundation for explicit action that enhances relationships with caregivers thereby supporting the integrity of the family and enhancing their coping abilities. The intervention, based on the Family Systems Model and the family’s understandings of the situation, defines specific goals and desired outcomes to guide strategic actions. Discussion of the conceptual foundation, procedural development and an example of the protocol is provided.Implications for nursing.  The intervention is designed for nurses with limited knowledge in family theory to aid them to better help families dealing with stress.Conclusion.  The proposed intervention can be used to increase nurses’ skills in family centred nursing care. Although designed for use in paediatric critical care, it can, with modifications, be used in other nursing specialty areas.
Living with life‐saving technology – coping strategies in implantable cardioverter defibrillators recipients
Authors: Flemme Inger , Johansson Ingela , Strömberg Anna 
Published: September 2011

Aims.  To describe coping strategies and coping effectiveness in recipients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator and to explore factors influencing coping.Background.  Implantable cardioverter defibrillators are documented as saving lives and are used to treat ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Despite the implantable cardioverter defibrillator not evidently interfering with everyday life, there is conflicting evidence regarding the psychosocial impact of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation such as anxiety, depression, perceived control and quality of life and how these concerns may relate to coping.Design.  Cross‐sectional multicentre design.Methods.  Individuals (n = 147, mean age 63 years, 121 men) who had lived with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator between 6–24 months completed the Jalowiec Coping Scale‐60, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Control Attitude Scale and Quality of Life Index‐Cardiac version.Results.  Implantable cardioverter defibrillators recipients seldom used coping strategies, and the coping strategies used were perceived as fairly helpful. Optimism was found to be the most frequently used (1·8 SD 0·68) and most effective (2·1 SD 0·48) coping strategy, and recipients perceived moderate control in life. Anxiety (β = 3·5, p ≤ 0·001) and gender (β = 12·3, p = 0·046) accounted for 26% of the variance in the total use of coping strategies, suggesting that the more symptoms of anxiety and being women the greater use of coping strategies.Conclusions.  Most recipients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator did not appraise daily concerns as stressors in need of coping and seem to have made a successful transition in getting on with their lives 6–24 months after implantation.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses working with recipients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator should have a supportive communication so that positive outcomes such as decreased anxiety and increased perceived control and quality of life can be obtained. Through screening for anxiety at follow‐up in the outpatient clinic, these recipients perceiving mental strain in their daily life can be identified.
On the reliability of visual communication in vertebrate‐dispersed fruits
Authors: Cazetta Eliana , Galetti Mauro , Rezende Enrico L. , Schaefer Hinrich Martin 
Published: September 2011

Summary1. Several fundamental aspects of communication between plants and their mutualists are poorly understood. It remains unclear whether plant signals are accurate and reliable, that is, whether they recruit mutualists by informing them about the nutritional rewards provided by flowers and fleshy fruits.2. We evaluated fruit characteristics of 105 vertebrate‐dispersed species from an Atlantic rainforest community to examine the relationship between visual fruit stimuli and fruit quality. We combined morphological, biochemical and spectrophotometric methods and employed comparative analyses to assess the evolutionary association among morphological, biochemical and visual characters.3. We detected a significant phylogenetic signal in most morphological and nutritional traits but not in colour traits, which suggests that fruit colours are evolutionarily labile. We also found that two properties of fruit coloration (brightness and chroma) explain 24–29% of variation in protein and sugar contents, respectively. High sugar content in fruit is associated with dark colour and low chroma (colour saturation). However, fruit brightness is not strongly correlated to protein content and its signalling role remains unknown.4. We suggest that the negative relationship between chroma and sugar content in fruit can be explained by the fact that sugars up‐regulate the synthesis of anthocyanins, the pigments primarily imparting achromatic coloration in fruits. Biochemical pathways could consequently explain the covariance between visual fruit traits and nutritional fruit traits. In this scenario, information could arise as by‐product rather than as an adaptation to signal to seed dispersers.5. Synthesis.We show that fruit visual traits are evolutionary labile and that fruit chroma and brightness can reliably indicate sugar and protein content, respectively. We propose that shared biochemistry is a likely mechanism inducing the covariance between colour (the stimulus) and nutritional quality (as the unseen quality). We hypothesize that by‐product information represents a widespread and so far neglected mechanism leading to reliable visual traits in mutualistic and possibly also antagonistic plant–animal interactions.