bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EDIBLE COATINGS FOR FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.
Authors: Nisperos-Carriedo Myrna o. , Baldwin Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2024

Several processes including controlled atmosphere, hypobaric storage and the application of protective films have been developed to extend shelf-life of fruits and vegetables. Recently, the application of edible coatings that can simulate controlled atmosphere storage to prolong product freshness is becoming a popular concept. The ability of these coatings to extend postharvest storage life depends on their differential permeability to CO2, O2 and water vapor.This talk will describe the developmental aspect and specific applications of edible coatings on various fresh and minimally processed fruits and vegetables.
INTRODUCTION AND RELEASE OF NEW WOODY LANDSCAPE PLANTS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
Authors: Pellett Harold 
Published: April 2024

The woody landscape plant breeding project in Minnesota is a very diverse program. It encompasses a broad spectrum of plant genera & utilizes several different approaches to develop new cultivars. The primary applied objective of the project is to develop high quality, woody landscape plants that are well adapted to the environmental conditions of Minnesota and other northern areas. New cultivars are developed through (1) controlled hybridization, (2) by observation and selection of superior plants growing in the wild or in planted landscapes, (3) from plant populations grown from native seed sources and (4) from plants acquired from seed exchanges, etc. with other arboreta.Two red maple cultivars are patented. The rest of our introductions have been through the royalty program of the Minnesota Nurserymens' Research Corporation. Brief descriptions of plants introduced from our program will be given and the introduction processes will be described.
EVALUATION OF LOW-TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE OF FLORAL AND VASCULAR TISSUES OF VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM.
Authors: Cappiello Paul E. , Dunham Scott 
Published: April 2024

Six clones of Vaccinium angustifolium and two clones of V. mvrtilloides were studied during the winters of 1991-92 and 1992-93. Plants were evaluated for low temperature tolerance of vascular and reproductive tissues.Over the course of the study, there was a significant difference in low temperature tolerance of flower bud tissue with respect to stem position. Terminal buds hardened later and to a lesser degree than did those located lower on the stem. In addition, flower primordia and flowers were evaluated for low temperature tolerance. The initiation of visible bud swelling was not accompanied by a significant decrease in hardiness; however a significant change was evident once the corolla became clearly visible. This report will discuss the significance of these findings as they relate to frost protection.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND ENZYME CHARACTERIZATION OF AN IMPATIENS GERMPLASM COLLECTION.
Authors: Lerch V. D. , Ng T. J 
Published: April 2024

An Impatiens germplasm collection consisting of accessions (from Africa, New Guinea [NG[, Sri Lanka, and Java/Celebes, a NG breeding population, and selected interspecific hybrids was characterized for 32 morphological traits and two ensyme systems, peroxidase (PER) and aspartate amino transferase (AAT). Thirteen PER and three AAT isozymes were identified, and both enzyme systems appeared to be co-dominatly inherited. There were unique zymograms for the accessions and the interspecific hybrids, but not the NG breeding population.A Generalized Fisher Exact Test indicated that qualitative characters of the accessions were independent of each other, of isozyme traits and of geographical origin of the accession; this was not true for isozymes. Principal component analysis combining both morphological and isozyme traits uniquely separated the accessions while also indicating clusters of similarity. Extensive genetic diversity was indicated for all traits in the accessions and for quantitative traits in the NG breeding population.
A GRAPHICAL INTERFACE FOR MAINTAINING PLANT ACCESSION AND DATA RECORDS IN dBASE IV
Authors: Needham Douglas C 
Published: April 2024

The Oklahoma Botanical Garden and Arboretum (OBGA) at Oklahoma State University was awarded an “America the Beautiful” grant from the Oklahoma Department of Agriculture and the Oklahoma Urban and Community Forestry Council to develop a plant database and plant identification labels.The OBGA Plant Information Manager version 1.0 was created to assist students, volunteers, and staff of public gardens with maintenance of data from plant accession, growth, flowering, fruiting, etc. The program is a graphical interface to dBASE IV records, created with Borland's ObjectVision 2.0 for Windows.Users are prompted for information via “check boxes” ⊗, “radio buttons” ⊙, and selection lists, thereby reducing incorrect entries. The series of forms leads the user through the process of plant accessioning, including information on donor, size, flowering season, fall foliage color, planting site, cultural preferences, etc.
COMPARISON OF NAA AND SEVIN PETAL FALL SPRAYS ON FRUIT SET OF APPLES
Authors: Williams Max W. 
Published: April 2024

In Washington and other western states Elgetol, a blossom thinning agent was previously used before the postbloom NAA and Sevin applications and there was no need for an earlier timing of NAA and Sevin treatments. In 1989, Elgetol was removed from the market by the manufacturer because of minor crop use and the high cost of re-registration. Without a blossom thinner it is impossible to guarantee a return bloom on severe biennial bearing cultivars such as Golden Delicious and Fuji. Even though adequate fruit thinning occurs with the postbloom thinning sprays, flower Initiation may not occur for the next years crop because the application is made too late.NAA and Sevin are used as postbloom sprays for reducing fruit set of apples. The usual time of application is when the largest fruit are from 10 to 15 mm in diameter. Sprays applied at the 10-15 mm fruit diameter stage take advantage of warm weather after spraying which increases stress and maximizes reduction of fruit set with a minimum effect on the seed number, however, when temperature is cold seed abortion occurs without adequate reduction of fruit set.This report compares the efficacy of the postbloom thinners NAA and Sevin as early petal fall sprays for reducing fruit number and increasing return bloom the following year. Sevin is most effective as an apple fruit abscission agent when applied at petal fall. In trials for 2 years there was no reduction in fruit seed number, no reduction in fruit size and no effect on fruit shape. In comparison NAA applied at petal fall tended to reduce seed number, reduce fruit size, flatten or distort fruit shape and cause leaf curling.
MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR TREE NUT CROPS: WHAT ABOUT THE SOUTHERN OSCILLATION?
Authors: Wood Bruce W. 
Published: April 2024

Worldwide weather is closely associated with a cyclic oscillation in atmospheric pressure in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. This Southern Oscillation event affects regional weather via atmospheric teleconnections in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. When these episodes exceed certain thresholds, sunlight, temperature and precipitation in orchards strongly deviate and potentially cause severe biotic and abiotic stress-related problems. Such events therefore influence management strategies, marketing, and revenues.Analysis of weather in the `Georgia Pecan Belt' indicates that patterns exist and that such patterns are predictable and appear to be regulated by the Southern Oscillation. Periods of exceptionally excessive rainfall and lack of rainfall are associated with these oscillations; therefore, disease, water, and sunlight management strategies and harvesting strategies are subject to alteration based on events transpiring several months previously. These data indicate that Oscillation events have the potential to be utilized as a tool to enable orchard managers to better protect orchards against weather anomalies.
TEACHING MENDELIAN GENETICS WITH TOMATO SEEDLING MUTANTS
Authors: Tigchelaar E.C. 
Published: April 2024

The tomato rivals the fruit fly as a convenient species for genetic research. As an important and familiar food crop, the tomato is also a useful species to demonstrate application of the principles of genetics for crop improvement.Fifteen unique seedling mutants which are expressed during the first 2-3 weeks of seedling growth have been selected to illustrate genetic variation and to demonstrate the common principles of genetics. Appropriate markers have been used in crosses to demonstrate segregation, lethal genes, independent assortment, repulsion and coupling phase linkage, epistasis, and random chromosome and chromatid segregation). F2 populations segregating for as many as seven marker genes have been developed to illustrate gene interaction and to demonstrate the remarkable variation possible even with a small number of segregating gene pairs. Unknown populations may also be used to challenge students to independently analyze an unknown population for two or more of the 15 seedling marker genes chosen. A small greenhouse or laboratory bench with growing lights will provide adequate space for each exercise.
NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS TO MAXIMIZE YIELD AND DECREASE LEACHATE-N IN PEPPERS GROWN IN ROCKWOOL.
Authors: Schon M.K. , Compton M.S. , Burns I. , Bell E. 
Published: April 2024

Many nutrient recommendations for greenhouse production of vegetable crops were developed in northern climates and may not be optimum for Florida production. Experiments were designed to determine nitrogen (N) levels that would maximize yield of rockwool-grown peppers (Capsicum annuum `Midal') in Florida, while reducing nitrate leaching. Treatment 1 plants were fed 60, 90, and 120 ppm N during vegetative, early fruit, and late fruit stages, respectively. Plants in Treatments 2 and 3 were grown at 120 and 175 ppm N, respectively, throughout their entire growth cycle.In Trial 1, increasing N did not affect the number of marketable fruit produced, but increased fruit size. Marketable fruit weight was significantly greater for plants in Treatment 3 compared to Treatment 1. However, there was not a significant difference in marketable yield between plants grown at 120 ppm N and 175 ppm N. Excess N provided by the 175 ppm N treatment caused a 10% increase in total water use and a 250% increase in nitrate-N in the leachate compared to the 120 ppm N treatment. Nitrogen level did not affect blossom end rot (BER) occurrence. Early results of Trial 2 indicate higher occurrence of BER with increasing N concentration and are again showing that 120 ppm N will maximize yield and reduce environmental impact of greenhouse pepper production in Florida.
THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS RATES OF N AND S ON THE ASCORBIC ACID CONTENT OF LEAF LETTUCE
Authors: McCluskey Melinda McVey , Paparozzi Ellen T. , Albrecht Julie A. 
Published: April 2024

Research previously conducted on leaf lettuce has shown that altering the amount of N and S applied had an effect on plant growth, color, N content and S content. The amount of N and S applied to the plant also affected consumer acceptance of leaf lettuce.The leaf lettuce cultivar `Grand Rapids' was grown hydroponically at 8 different treatment combinations consisting of four N levels (30, 60, 120, and 240 ppm) and three S levels (7.5, 15, and 120 ppm). Ascorbic acid content was determined immediately after harvest using the 2,6-dichloroindophenol method. Color was measured with a chromometer.Results indicate that differences in ascorbic acid content could be detected between the various treatments. Plants which were darker green in color contained more ascorbic acid than plants yellow-green in color. Nitrogen applied had a significant effect on the ascorbic acid content while sulfur applied had no effect on ascorbic acid content of fresh leaf lettuce.
EFFECT OF PERFORATED FILM PACKAGES ON STORAGE OF ASPARAGUS
Authors: Herner Robert C. 
Published: April 2024

Some horticultural crops have very high respiration rates which makes it difficult to develop modified atmosphere packages that will prevent the product from being injured by high CO2 or from injury by low O2' or anaerobic conditions. Asparagus has a very high respiration rate and responds well to relatively high CO2. Oxygen concentration is less important providing that the asparagus does not go anaerobic.This investigation reports the results of holding asparagus at 0 C in packages of 3 film thicknesses (1, 2 or 3 mil LDPE) and varying the number of holes from 0 to 16 per package. Five hundred grams of asparagus was held up to 4 weeks. Carbon dioxide and oxygen inside the packages was monitored as well as the quality of the asparagus.
DRIP IRRIGATION USAGE IN THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES
Authors: Lamont W. J. 
Published: April 2024

Drip irrigation used in conjunction with plastic mulches and other intensive production technologies continues to expand in the Midwestern states. The vegetable crops being produced on the greatest acreages using drip irrigation/plastic mulch are tomatoes, peppers, muskmelons and watermelons. Summer squash, eggplant, cucumbers and some cole crops are also grown using drip irrigation and plastic mulches but to a much lesser extent. The estimated acreage for drip irrigation in the Midwest is 43,209 acres which includes both vegetable and fruit crops.Special consideration in using drip irrigation in this region of the country are high pH of the water, amounts of calcium salts, and iron levels in the water.
ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION OF PLANT MATERIALS
Authors: Ryder Edward J. 
Published: April 2024

In January 1993, a workshop on intellectual property rights as applied to plants was held. One topic of discussion was the question of ethical and social issues that may apply to the protection of plant materials. Seven issues were identified that appeared to have ethical and social implications in such protection. These were: 1) criteria for access to germplasm, 2) the effects on global biodiversity and developing nations, 3) plants as private property, 4) effects on agricultural social structures and sustainability, 5) survival of public sector research, 6) the rights of farmers to save and sell seed, and 7) the need for education of students and the public to understand the concepts of plant protection and its ramifications. Six recommendations to clarify these questions were derived. These propose: to provide education, revise the applicable laws, support public research in plant breeding, maintain the research exemption in the use of protected materials, set up an arbitration system over disputes, and consider means of compensating developing nations for use of germplasm within their borders.In addition, the definition, applicability, and consequences of intellectual property rights protection for plants will be discussed. In particular, the impact on the public sector and public/private sector relationships will be examined.
TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF CANTALOUPE
Authors: López J. , alvarez A. , Valenzuela P. 
Published: April 2024

The objetive of this study was to determine plant growth characteristics of Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) crop with different temperature regimes. The treatments consisted in four sowing dates.Comparing the values of temperature, it was established the most suitable Growing Degree Days (GDD) and Threshold Temperature values of the plant.This crop produces the firts harvest at 1152 and 1209 GDD with a 10 and 8oC of Threshold Temperature for cvs. `Primo' and `Cruiser', respectively.Comparing these values with the temperatures recorded in other areas it could be easily determined the probability of vegetative growth stages.
696 (PS 5) PUSSY WILLOW BRANCHES - A NEW CROP FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Authors: Yoder Kent S. , Moser Bruno C. 
Published: April 2024

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the potential of using pussy willow (Salix discolor) as part of filter strip plantings to control soil erosion and chemical runoff from agronomic crops into nearby waterways. Of special interest was the possibility of obtaining economic return from the filter strip planting in the off-season for agronomic farmers.Pussy willow cuttings were planted six feet apart in three rows between agronomic cropland and a waterway with ten feet between the rows in spring 1990. Branches were first harvested in February 1992 and again in February 1993. Harvest techniques included removal of all branches at 10 inches or 24 inches above ground level.The 1992 harvest yielded 72 salable branches per plant which were graded into four sizes. The total weight and number of branches decreased with increasing row distance from the cropland. The 1993 harvest yielded larger, more uniform branches. Comparisons of yields from multiple year harvesting techniques will be presented and economic possibilities discussed.
FLOWERING COMPARISONS OF THREE POPULAR ROSE (ROSA HYBRIDA L.) CULTIVARS
Authors: Story Virginia S. , Hopper Douglas A. , Meinke Troy T. 
Published: April 2024

Two-year-old Rosa hybrida L. `Royalty', `Emblem', and `Samantha' plants were pinched 20 Oct. and 28 Dec. 1992 for Christmas and Valentine's Day crops. Two greenhouses received ambient CO2 and two were enriched to 1200 ppm CO2 when vents were closed. All temperature set points were 22C/17C day/night. At 10 and 25 days after pinch, and at flowering, 5 shoots from each bench location were destructively sampled for leaf (node) number, stem diameter, stem length, and fresh weights of stem, leaves, and flower bud. Time to visible bud and to flowering from pinch also were recorded.Analysis of variance for the 1992 Christmas crop did not find significant differences for flowering times, but trends in response were evident. The 3 cultivars had mean flowering times of: `Royalty', 51.3 days; `Emblem', 52.3 days; and `Samantha', 54.0 days. Enrichment with CO2 showed a trend for decreased average flowering times for all 3 cultivars. Results from the 1993 Valentine's Day crop will also be presented.
GROWING TEMPERATURE OPTIMA OF FOUR ORNAMENTAL GRASSES
Authors: Lavis-Ham C. , Albrecht M.L. 
Published: April 2024

Growth chamber studies were conducted to determine the optimum temperature for growth of four ornamental grasses: Imperata cylindrica `Red Baron', Carex morrowii `Aurea Variegata', Pennisetum alopecuroides `Hameln', and Schizachyrium scoparium. Plants were grown in chambers using temperatures of 15, 20, 25, and 30C. Measurements of fresh and dry shoot/root weights, tiller number, leaf area and plant height were taken after 10 weeks. Schizachyrium and Imperata exhibited an increase in growth as temperature increased, with 30C appearing to be the optimum for both species. Pennisetum showed positive gains in size and quality at 20 and 25C. Carex showed ideal growth at 20C.In addition to the chamber study, measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence from intact leaves was used to identify temperature optima. Preliminary results suggest the fluorescence technique may not be conclusive when using species with low photosynthetic productivity.
EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT ON THE THERMOTOLERANCE OF DORMANT Vitis vinifera cv. CABERNET SAUVIGNON HARDWOOD CUTTINGS
Authors: Wample Robert L. , Mills Lynn 
Published: April 2024

The relationship between heat tolerance and cold hardiness was examined during the winter of 1992-93. Dormant canes of Cabernet Sauvignon were collected from an experimental vineyard at approximately two to three week intervals. Samples were held overnight at 0-3 C. Subsamples were removed from storage and subjected to either room temperature for 4 1/2 hours, 45 C for 35 minutes followed by room temperature for 4 hours or held at 0-3 C. Samples were then subjected to either heat treatment (52, 54, 56, 58, or 60 C for 30 minutes) or low temperature exotherm analysis.Pretreatment at 45 C improved the heat tolerance but did not change cold tolerance. Holding samples at room temperature resulted in a slight improvement in heat tolerance. Additional implications of these findings will be presented.
Impact of aging infrastructure on water pressure and quality: Guelma water network simulation
Authors: Mazouz Kherouf , Mansouri R. , Dorbani M. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
AQUA – Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society issues a formal withdrawal in relation to the above article by Kherouf Mazouz, R. Mansouri and M. Dorbani. This decision has been taken due to concerns about the validity and reliability of the conclusions, and the originality of the article.
Dynamic evolution of ultrafiltration membrane fouling affected by S(IV)–Fe(II)-activated permanganate pretreatment during a long-term operation
Authors: Ye Miaomiao , Song Lei , Chen Peng , Li Kexin , Zheng Kai , Zhang Tuqiao , Liu Xiaowei 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The S(IV)–Fe(II)/PM pretreatment has demonstrated preliminary potential as an effective ultrafiltration (UF) pretreatment technology. However, a comprehensive understanding of its impact on UF membrane fouling control and the dynamic evolution of membrane fouling during prolonged operation is still lacking. In this study, a relatively prolonged fouling experiment was conducted. Results revealed that the S(IV)–Fe(II)/PM pretreatment exhibited superior performance over Al(III) coagulation pretreatment in mitigating the transmembrane pressure difference and addressing both reversible and irreversible membrane fouling. The application of a cluster analysis method to classify membrane fouling evolution stages further confirmed that S(IV)–Fe(II)/PM pretreatment effectively decelerated the rate of membrane fouling evolution. The surface cake layer of UF membranes pretreated with S(IV)–Fe(II)/PM exhibited greater looseness and smoothness. It also showed better results than Al(III) coagulation pretreatment in reducing the accumulation of organic foulants, controlling the Si content and reducing the total microorganisms and live microorganisms in the UF feed water. Variance Partitioning Analysis indicated that the combined contribution of organic, inorganic, and biological foulants was the most significant for UF membranes after S(IV)–Fe(II)/PM pretreatment (50.4%) and UF membranes after Al(III) coagulation pretreatment (70.2%). These findings underscore the efficacy of S(IV)–Fe(II)/PM pretreatment in controlling UF membrane fouling under prolonged operation.
Outside the comfort zone? Lessons learnt from the early stages of a large-scale WOP programme
Authors: Ferrero Giuliana , Schwartz Klaas , Perkins Julie 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Capacity development is at the core of water operators' partnerships (WOPs), which aim to enhance the capacities and performance of water and sanitation service providers. This study sought to understand the factors in a WOP that favour or hinder the start-up phase of WOP projects. Fifty interviews were performed with representatives of the lead, beneficiary and additional partners of 18 projects of the European Commission programme during the first year of the programme. The article finds that WOP projects represent a considerable challenge for the staff of water utilities as participating in such partnerships requires a skill set that is different from the skills required in their daily work activities. The findings also suggest that the facilitation of the WOP start-up can smoothen and accelerate the development of WOP projects. Moreover, the article argues that because of limited time and financial resources, WOP projects need to find a balance between prioritizing impacts that can be achieved using the variety of capacity strengthening approaches that are available.