bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL‐12 and IL‐18 levels in serum and gingival tissue in aggressive and chronic periodontitis
Authors: Sánchez‐Hernández PE , Zamora‐Perez AL , Fuentes‐Lerma M , Robles‐Gómez C , Mariaud‐Schmidt RP , Guerrero‐Velázquez C 
Published: February 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 522–529Objective:  The aim of this study was to compare the levels of interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) and IL‐18 in gingival tissue and serum between patients with chronic (n = 18) or aggressive periodontitis (n = 12) and healthy subjects (HS) (n = 9).Methods:  Gingival tissue biopsies and serum were obtained from all study subjects. The tissue was homogenized and cytokines IL‐12 and IL‐18 were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results:  Interleukin‐12 levels in gingival tissue were significantly higher in aggressive periodontitis patients than in HS; serum IL‐12 was significantly elevated in aggressive periodontitis relative to both chronic periodontitis (CP) and HS. IL‐18 levels in gingival tissue showed no significant differences between the groups. Patients with CP showed significantly elevated levels of serum IL‐18 compared with HS; however, the aggressive periodontitis group showed no significant differences with either the CP group or the HS.Conclusions:  Our results showed higher levels of IL‐12 in gingival tissue and serum of patients with aggressive periodontitis, and IL‐18 was elevated in the serum of CP patients. The patterns of IL‐12 and IL‐18 are different in chronic and aggressive periodontitis; this finding suggests distinctive mechanisms of immunopathogenesis between these forms of periodontitis.
New Insight Into the Redox Properties of Uremic Solute Indoxyl Sulfate as a Pro‐ and Anti‐Oxidant
Authors: Miyamoto Yohei , Watanabe Hiroshi , Otagiri Masaki , Maruyama Toru 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIndoxyl sulfate, an extensively investigated uremic toxin, is involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent clinical data indicate that serum levels of indoxyl sulfate are a powerful predictor of overall and cardiovascular mortality. Under CKD conditions, indoxyl sulfate induces oxidative stress, which involves the production of excessive levels of reactive oxygen species in renal tubular cells, mesangial cells, vascular endothelial cells, and osteoblast cells. In contrast, our recent findings explain, at least in part, the role that indoxyl sulfate plays in protecting against oxidative stress under normal‐physiological conditions. Namely, under CKD conditions, the pro‐oxidant properties of indoxyl sulfate exceed its anti‐oxidant properties. These findings provide new insights into the dual role of indoxyl sulfate, which appears to be concentration‐dependent, with respect to its pro‐ or anti‐oxidative properties.
Influence of Prostaglandin E1 on Cerebral Mechanisms Involved in the Control of Fluid Balance
Authors: Leksell L. G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe effects of infusions of PGE1 (30 ng/kg min‐1) into the lateral cerebral ventricle were studied in the conscious, hydrated goat. The infusions caused release of antidiuretic hormone and increased renal sodium excretion. When PGE1 was infused together with hypertonic NaCl these effects became markedly enhanced and the infusion also induced drinking and a rise in the arterial blood pressure. Much weaker effects were obtained by the infusion of the hypertonic NaCl alone. This sodium‐PGE1 interaction is discussed in relation to previously observed, central sodium‐angiotensin II interaction. A more pronounced drinking effect was obtained in response to the intraventricular infusion of PGE1+ angiotensin II, than to the infusion of either substance separately. The PGE1 administered into the lateral cerebral ventricle did not induce any febrile response.
Self‐management of chronic disease and hospital readmission: a care transition strategy
Authors: Kelly Michelle D 
Published: February 2011

kelly md (2011) Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness 3, 4–11 Self‐management of chronic disease and hospital readmission: a care transition strategyAims and objectives.  To identify current trends in readmissions and practices for preventing readmissions in client populations with chronic disease. The objectives are to review evidence and ascertain if best practice guidelines to prevent readmissions exist. An emphasis was placed on the identification of low resource and easy to implement models for the prevention of readmissions.Background.  Chronic disease is increasing in prevalence, and quality improvement is needed as clients transition between a variety of healthcare settings, particularly from hospital to home. People with chronic disease are more likely to need inpatient care, yet studies indicate that readmissions within 30 days of discharge occur. Hospitalisations are considered preventable if linked to unresolved conditions present at the time of discharge and not remunerated by Medicare. In such cases, hospitals bear 100% of the cost of avoidable readmissions.Method.  A literature review of databases in English, Internet searches of CINAL, Cochrane database of systematic reviews as well as Agency for Healthcare Quality Research guidelines were conducted. The search terms used were; care coordination, self‐care, self‐care management of chronic disease, readmission, preventing readmission, and care transition(s).Results.  The association of chronic disease care with the emergence of readmission rates as indicators of quality of care is explored utilising Coleman’s Care Transition Model. This model is suggested as a practical, evidenced‐based intervention, which hospitals can implement to reduce avoidable readmissions.Conclusions.  The review of evidence revealed a lack of high‐level research identifying which interventions designed to avoid readmissions were most effective. The available literature provided several recurrent themes concerning effective strategies to prevent readmission. The themes identified were; patient empowerment and carer inclusion, bridging discharge process from hospital to the client’s home, improving self‐care capacities and better client understanding of self‐administration of medication. Coleman’s model consisting of four pillars coincided with effective strategies prominent in the literature. The concept of care transitions is contemporary and very much evolving. New higher‐level evidence is needed as models addressing decreasing readmission are rigorously evaluated.Relevance to clinical practice.  Putting measures into place known to prevent hospital readmission is essential in the provision of quality of care and to addresses rising healthcare costs. Supporting clients with chronic disease through care transitions has been identified as a means to avoid hospital readmissions. Coleman’s model provides a low resource template to build self‐care into a client’s discharge process after hospitalisation.
Generic genetic differences between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon identified from a 7K SNP‐chip
Authors: KARLSSON STEN , MOEN THOMAS , LIEN SIGBJØRN , GLOVER KEVIN A. , HINDAR KJETIL 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGenetic interactions between farmed and wild conspecifics are of special concern in fisheries where large numbers of domesticated individuals are released into the wild. In the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), selective breeding since the 1970’s has resulted in rapid genetic changes in commercially important traits, such as a doubling of the growth rate. Each year, farmed salmon escape from net pens, enter rivers, and interbreed with wild salmon. Field experiments demonstrate that genetic introgression may weaken the viability of recipient populations. However, due to the lack of diagnostic genetic markers, little is known about actual rates of gene flow from farmed to wild populations. Here we present a panel of 60 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that collectively are diagnostic in identifying individual salmon as being farmed or wild, regardless of their populations of origin. These were sourced from a pool of 7000 SNPs comparing historical wild and farmed salmon populations, and were distributed on all but two of the 29 chromosomes. We suggest that the generic differences between farmed and wild salmon at these SNPs have arisen due to domestication. The identified panel of SNPs will permit quantification of gene flow from farmed to wild salmon populations, elucidating one of the most controversial potential impacts of aquaculture. With increasing global interest in aquaculture and increasing pressure on wild populations, results from our study have implications for a wide range of species.
Discovery and characterization of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in steelhead/rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: ABADÍA‐CARDOSO ALICIA , CLEMENTO ANTHONY J. , GARZA JOHN CARLOS 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSingle‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have several advantages over other genetic markers, including lower mutation and genotyping error rates, ease of inter‐laboratory standardization, and the prospect of high‐throughput, low‐cost genotyping. Nevertheless, their development and use has only recently moved beyond model organisms to groups such as salmonid fishes. Oncorhynchus mykiss is a salmonid native to the North Pacific rim that has now been introduced throughout the world for fisheries and aquaculture. The anadromous form of the species is known as steelhead. Native steelhead populations on the west coast of the United States have declined and many now have protected status. The nonanadromous, or resident, form of the species is termed rainbow, redband or golden trout. Additional life history and morphological variation, and interactions between the forms, make the species challenging to study, monitor and evaluate. Here, we describe the discovery, characterization and assay development for 139 SNP loci in steelhead/rainbow trout. We used EST sequences from existing genomic databases to design primers for 480 genes. Sanger‐sequencing products from these genes provided 130 KB of consensus sequence in which variation was surveyed for 22 individuals from steelhead, rainbow and redband trout groups. The resulting TaqMan assays were surveyed in five steelhead populations and three rainbow trout stocks, where they had a mean minor allele frequency of 0.15–0.26 and observed heterozygosity of 0.18–0.35. Mean FST was 0.204. The development of SNPs for O. mykiss will help to provide highly informative genetic tools for individual and stock identification, pedigree reconstruction, phylogeography and ecological investigation.
Cytogenetics and prognosis for uveal melanoma in Korean patients
Authors: Lee Christopher Seungkyu , Lee Junwon , Choi Jun Jeong , Yang Woo Ik , Yoon Jin Sook , Lee Sang Yeul , Lee Sung Chul 
Published: February 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  To determine the rate of mortality for uveal melanoma in the Korean population and assess whether it correlates with cytogenetic data, and clinical and histopathological factors.Methods:  A retrospective review of medical files from 33 uveal melanoma patients who underwent enucleation at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, between January, 1994 and December, 2009 was performed. Dual‐colour fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed using centromeric probes for chromosome 3 and 8 in archived patient tissues.Results:  The mean age of patients was 53.2 years (range; 29–78), and the mean largest basal diameter was 11.8 mm (range; 6.0–18.1). Of the 20 tissue blocks with available cytogenetic data, there was monosomy 3 in seven (35%) and polysomy 8 in four (20%). The presence of monosomy 3 (p < 0.001), polysomy 8 (p < 0.001), ciliary body involvement (p < 0.001), a mitotic rate ≥5/40 high‐power fields (p = 0.006), closed extravascular matrix loop (p = 0.025), large basal tumour diameter (p = 0.029) and epithelioid cellularity (p = 0.038) predicted melanoma‐related mortality. The median time from enucleation to liver metastasis was 16 months (range; 10–70), and the median survival after metastasis was 5 months (range; 1–9). The Kaplan–Meier survival curve estimated the metastatic death rate to be 22% for 5 years and 30% for 10 years.Conclusions:  Korean patients with uveal melanoma are younger and appear to exhibit no worse prognosis than Caucasian. Cytogenetic abnormality of chromosome 3 and 8 highly predicted metastatic death.
Braille use among Norwegian children from 1967 to 2007: trends in the underlying causes
Authors: Augestad Liv Berit , Klingenberg Oliv , Fosse Per 
Published: February 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  The aim of the study was to estimate the occurrence, diagnoses and time trends among Norwegian children that have received education in braille from 1967 to 2007.Methods:  We used a retrospective population‐based study design. The health care system is free for all inhabitants in Norway. We included all children that had received braille education the last four decades. From each student’s record, we abstracted year born, country of birth, gender, year diagnosed, diagnosis, classification of visual impairment and type of reading media.Results:  We identified 287 children (137 girls and 150 boys) that had received braille education over the last 40 years. Of these, 262 (91.3%) children were born in Norway, 145 (53.7%) were diagnosed within the first year of life and 59 (20.6%) from age of one to five. The most frequent diagnoses were Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), Juvenile Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (JNCL), Lebers Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) and Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP). Among the children, 63% (N = 170) used braille only, 9% (N = 25) braille and print, but priority braille, and 27% (N = 73) braille and print, priority print. The number of children with ROP using braille had a peak in 1977, then the number declined. The number diagnosed with LCA increased from 1987 to 1992. The number of braille users among children diagnosed with JNCL tended to increase substantially after 1992.Conclusion:  Braille education seemed to be dependent of trends in diagnoses as well as trends in recommendations from professional educators.
TRITON and Beyond: New Insights into the Profile of Prasugrel
Authors: Jakubowski Joseph A. , Riesmeyer Jeffrey S. , Close Sandra L. , Leishman Amy G. , Erlinge David 
Published: February 2011

SummaryPrasugrel, a third‐generation thienopyridine antiplatelet agent, demonstrated superior efficacy to clopidogrel but with an increased risk of bleeding in the phase III pivotal registration Trial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition with Prasugrel–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TRITON‐TIMI 38). This article reviews and discusses select components of a large literature of prasugrel data that has emerged since the TRITON‐TIMI 38 (TRITON) study primary disclosure.
Water‐column stratification governs the community structure of subtropical marine picophytoplankton
Authors: Bouman Heather A. , Ulloa Osvaldo , Barlow Ray , Li William K. W. , Platt Trevor , Zwirglmaier Katrin , Scanlan David J. , Sathyendranath Shubha 
Published: February 2011

SummaryThe increase in the areal extent of the subtropical gyres over the past decade has been attributed to a global tendency towards increased water‐column stratification. Here, we examine how vertical stratification governs the community structure of the picophytoplankton that dominate these vast marine ecosystems. We analysed phytoplankton community composition in the three Southern Subtropical basins of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans using a variety of methods and show that the distributions of picocyanobacteria and photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPEs) are strongly correlated with depth and strength of vertical mixing: the changes in community structure occur at various taxonomic levels. In well‐mixed waters, PPEs, in particular haptophytes, dominate, whereas in strongly stratified waters, picocyanobacteria of the genus Prochlorococcus are prevalent, regardless of whether the relative contributions to total biomass are assessed in terms of pigment or of carbon. This ecological diochotomy within the picophytoplankton supports the hypothesis that genomic streamlining provides a selective advantage for Prochlorococcus in highly stable, oligotrophic systems, but may restrict their ability to dominate in regions subject to dynamic mixing.
Intestinal and chronic infections: Salmonella lifestyles in hostile environments
Authors: Bäumler Andreas J. , Winter Sebastian E. , Thiennimitr Parameth , Casadesús Josep 
Published: February 2011

SummaryThe main disease syndromes caused by Salmonella serovars in immunocompetent individuals are gastroenteritis and typhoid fever. These syndromes differ with regard to the host niches in which Salmonella serovars grow and survive to ensure their transmission. During gastroenteritis, non‐typhoidal Salmonella serovars such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) use their virulence factors to elicit acute intestinal inflammation, thereby creating a novel luminal niche. Reactive oxygen species produced by phagocytes in the intestinal lumen oxidize endogenous sulfur compounds to produce a new respiratory electron acceptor, tetrathionate. Respiration of tetrathionate confers a growth advantage to S. Typhimurium over competing microbes. This growth advantage ensures transmission of the pathogen by the faecal‐oral route. In typhoid fever, S. enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) establishes a chronic infection in the gall bladder, and perhaps in additional niches. Studies using the mouse model of typhoid fever suggest that survival and proliferation in the gall bladder may involve several strategies. Invasion of the gallbladder epithelium and formation of biofilms on gallstones may protect the pathogen from the bactericidal activities of bile salts. In the gallbladder lumen, activation of bile defence responses may permit survival of planktonic Salmonella cells. Individuals developing chronic carriage after an episode of typhoid fever can transmit the disease for the remainder of their lives by shedding the pathogen through the cystic duct. Shedding promotes S. Typhi transmission to new susceptible hosts. Here we review Salmonella virulence strategies for growth and survival in host niches that represent reservoirs for transmission.
Effect of a very low‐energy diet on moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnoea: case reports
Authors: Johansson K. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryIn this article, we report two cases from our study in which we investigated the effect of a very low‐energy diet (VLED) for 9 weeks followed by a weight maintenance program for a total duration of 1 year in obese men with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. The first case was a 43‐year‐old man with a body weight of 126 kg and a body mass index (BMI) of 38.8 kg/m2 at baseline. Over the 1‐year treatment program he lost 26% of his initial weight and his apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) was improved by 60%. The second case was at baseline a 54‐year‐old man with a weight of 87 kg and BMI of 32.1 kg/m2. Over the 1‐year treatment program he lost 10% of his initial weight and his AHI improved by 66%. In summary, treatment with a VLED followed by a weight maintenance program significantly improved obstructive sleep apnea in both cases.
Comparison of bioactive glass coated and hydroxyapatite coated titanium dental implants in the human jaw bone
Authors: Mistry S , Kundu D , Datta S , Basu D 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:  Current trends in clinical dental implant therapy include modification of titanium surfaces for the purpose of improving osseointegration by different additive (bioactive coatings) and subtractive processes (acid etching, grit‐blasting). The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the behaviour of hydroxyapatite and the newly developed bioactive glass coated implants (62 implants) in osseous tissue following implantation in 31 patients.Methods:  Bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite was suitably coated on titanium alloy. Hydroxyapatite coating was applied on the implant surface by air microplasma spray technique and bioactive glass coating was applied by vitreous enamelling technique. The outcome was assessed up to 12 months after prosthetic loading using different clinical and radiological parameters.Results:  Hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass coating materials were non‐toxic and biocompatible. Overall results showed that bioactive glass coated implants were as equally successful as hydroxyapatite in achieving osseointegration and supporting final restorations.Conclusions:  The newly developed bioactive glass is a good alternative coating material for dental implants.
Thrombelastography in Horses with Acute Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: Epstein K.L. , Brainard B.M. , Gomez‐Ibanez S.E. , Lopes M.A.F. , Barton M.H. , Moore J.N. 
Published: February 2011

Background:Coagulopathies in horses with gastrointestinal disease are frequently identified and associated with morbidity and fatality.Objective:Determine if thrombelastography (TEG) identifies abnormalities associated with lesion type, presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), morbidity, and fatality more consistently than traditional coagulation testing.Animals:One‐hundred and one horses examined for gastrointestinal disease and 20 healthy horses.Methods:TEG, tissue factor (TF)‐TEG, and traditional coagulation panels parameters and percentages of horses with coagulopathies were compared for lesion type, presence of SIRS, complications, and survival.Results:Changes in individual parameters and increased incidence of coagulopathies were associated with fatality (R,P= .007; k‐value [K],P= .004; clot lysis [CL]30,P= .037; CL60,P= .050; angle [Ang],P= .0003; maximum amplitude [MA],P= .006; lysis [Ly]30,P= .042; Ly60,P= .027; CI,P= .0004; ≥ 2 TEG coagulopathies,P= .013; ≥ 3 TEG coagulopathies,P= .038; TF‐R,P= .037; TF‐K,P= .004; TF‐CL30,P< .0001; TF‐CL60,P< .0001; TF‐Ang,P= .005; TF‐Ly30,P= .0002; TF‐Ly60,P< .0001; TF‐CI,P= .043; ≥ 1 TF‐TEG coagulopathies,P= .003; ≥ 2 TF‐TEG coagulopathies,P= .0004; prothrombin tme [PT],P< .0001; activated partial throboplastin time [aPTT],P= .021), inflammatory lesions (MA,P= .013; TF‐CL30,P= .033; TF‐CL60,P= .010; TF‐Ly60,P= .011; ≥ 1 TF‐TEG coagulopathy,P= .036; ≥ 2 TF‐TEG coagulopathy,P= .0007; PT,P= .0005; fibrinogen,P= .019), SIRS (MA,P= .004; TF‐CL30,P= .019; TF‐CL60,P= .013; TF‐Ly30,P= .020; TF‐Ly60,P= .010; PT,P< .0001; aPTT,P= .032; disseminated intravascular coagulation,P= .005), and complications (ileus: aPTT,P= .020; diarrhea: TF‐CL30,P= .040; TF‐Ly30,P= .041; thrombophlebitis: ≥ 1 TF‐TEG coagulopathy,P= .018; laminitis: MA,P= .004; CL60,P= .045; CI,P= .036; TF‐MA,P= .019; TF‐TEG CI,P= .019). Abnormalities in TEG and TF‐TEG parameters were indicative of hypocoagulation and hypofibrinolysis.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:TEG identifies changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis associated with lesion type, SIRS, morbidity, and fatality in horses with gastrointestinal disease.