bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interferon‐γ (INF‐γ) release test can detect cutaneous adverse effects to statins
Authors: Goldberg Ilan , Isman Gila , Shirazi Idit , Brenner Sarah 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground  An increasing number of cutaneous adverse effects are being reported as use of statins becomes more widespread. A study was undertaken to establish the relationship between statin and a cutaneous reaction by the in vitro interferon‐γ (INF‐γ) release test.Methods  The lymphocytes of 20 patients with suspected drug‐induced skin reaction were incubated with and without the drug. The level of INF‐γ from the supernatant was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the increase calculated.Results  Response was positive in 27 (21.43%) of the 126 drugs. Statin was the only drug with a positive response in 80% of those cases. Nine of 20 patients (45.0%) had complete resolution after discontinuation of the drug; 6 (30.0%) who replaced one drug by another statin had partial or no resolution; and 5 (20.0%) had no resolution despite cessation of statins of all kinds.Conclusion  A positive INF‐γ release test was found in patients who developed skin reactions while taking statins; the test’s reliability was strengthened by prompt improvement following elimination of the suspected drug in the majority of patients.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy and cystolithalapaxy for a “forgotten” stent in a transplant kidney: case report and literature review
Authors: Veltman Yevgeniy , Shields John M. , Ciancio Gaetano , Bird Vincent G. 
Published: November 2009

Veltman Y, Shields JM, Ciancio G, Bird VG. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy and cystolithalapaxy for a “forgotten” stent in a transplant kidney: case report and literature review. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 112–117. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Ureteral stents, when left in situ in renal transplant patients, are a potential iatrogenic cause of graft compromise and graft failure. Such patients may present with acute renal failure, recurrent urinary tract infections, hematuria, and dysuria. We present a case report of a renal transplant patient with a heavily encrusted forgotten stent. We employed a simultaneous approach, using percutaneous nephrostolithotomy and cystolithalapaxy, for complete removal of the encrusted stent and associated stones. A MEDLINE literature review was then performed to identify and analyze similar cases in which a forgotten stent in a renal allograft was removed. Our experience and that found in the medical literature suggest that removal of forgotten stents can be achieved safely and effectively with proper endourological techniques. We also reviewed the current status of ureteral stent design in terms of attempts to preclude this problem. Ureteral stent design is still in a state of evolution with a focus on creating stents of new materials, and stents with new coatings, that may prevent encrustation.
Proteinuria after conversion to sirolimus in kidney transplant recipients: impact of pre‐existing proteinuria, graft function, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin‐receptor antagonists
Authors: Marx Christian , Busch Martin , Ott Undine , Gerth Jens , Wolf Gunter 
Published: November 2009

Marx C, Busch M, Ott U, Gerth J, Wolf G. Proteinuria after conversion to sirolimus in kidney transplant recipients: impact of pre‐existing proteinuria, graft function, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin‐receptor antagonists. Clin Transplant 2009 DOI:10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2009.01142.x. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Proteinuria is a known side effect of therapy with sirolimus. The effect of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin‐receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB ) on sirolimus‐associated proteinuria has not yet been assessed.Patients and methods:  A retrospective cohort study of renal transplant patients treated with sirolimus (n = 55) was performed.Results:  Of 55 patients, 24 (44%) had no proteinuria (<0.15 g/d) prior to conversion. Of 24 patients, 11 (46%) showed de novo proteinuria >0.15 g/d after 12 months, only 2 developed proteinuria > 1 g/d. The total number of proteinuria >1 g/d after 12 months including patients with pre‐existing proteinuria >1 g/d (n = 3) was seven of 55 patients (13%). Multivariate regression analysis revealed pre‐existing proteinuria > 0.15 g/d and reduced glomerular filtration rate as independent predictors for the development of proteinuria after conversion to sirolimus.Conclusion:  Reduced glomerular filtration rate and pre‐existing proteinuria but not therapy with ACEI/ARB are independent predictors for proteinuria after conversion to sirolimus. Treatment with ACEI/ARB did not reduce pre‐existing proteinuria after conversion except in single cases with severe proteinuria.
Orthotopic placement of a segmental pancreas graft for transplant: a case report
Authors: Garcia‐Roca R. , Humar A. , Sturdevant M. , Kobayashi T. , Dunn T. , Kandaswamy R. , Sutherland D. 
Published: November 2009

Garcia‐Roca R, Humar A, Sturdevant M, Kobayashi T, Dunn T, Kandaswamy R, Sutherland D. Orthotopic placement of a segmental pancreas graft for transplant: a case report.  Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 424–428. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract: Pancreas retransplantation has become more frequent and represents a technical challenge for surgeons. Knowledge of alternative surgical options could be useful in difficult cases. We present a case of brutal diabetes mellitus in a patient with severe vascular disease that underwent a third pancreas transplant. Difficulties in obtaining arterial inflow were solved utilizing the native splenic vessels, placing the graft in orthotopic position, and a combination of historical surgical techniques in pancreas transplantation; that is, segmental grafts and duct injection for exocrine management made transplantation successful.
Endothelial dysfunction in hemodialysis patients with failed renal transplants
Authors: Gorgulu Numan , Yelken Berna , Caliskan Yasar , Elitok Ali , Cimen Arif Oguzhan , Yazici Halil , Oflaz Huseyin , Golcuk Ebru , Ekmekci Ahmet , Turkmen Aydin , Yildiz Alaattin , Sever Mehmet Sukru 
Published: November 2009

Gorgulu N, Yelken B, Caliskan Y, Elitok A, Cimen AO, Yazici H, Oflaz H, Golcuk E, Ekmekci A, Turkmen A, Yildiz A, Sever MS. Endothelial dysfunction in hemodialysis patients with failed renal transplants. Clin Transplant 2009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2009.01160.x © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract: Background:  Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a common precursor and denominator of cardiovascular events including development of atherosclerosis. In this cross‐sectional study, we aimed to investigate ED, measured by coronary flow reserve (CFR) in hemodialysis (nHD) patients who were never transplanted and patients with failed renal transplants restarting hemodialysis (fTx‐HD).Methods:  Forty nHD (24 males, mean age 39 ± 9 yr) and 43 fTx‐HD patients (27 males, mean age 36 ± 9 yr) were included in the study. Clinical and biochemical parameters, including high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels were determined. Also, CFR measurements were used to evaluate ED.Results:  There were no significant differences regarding age, gender, smoking status, systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, mean duration of HD treatment as well as Kt/V(urea) values between the two groups. Time spent on dialysis in the nHD group and dialysis duration following failure of renal allograft in the fTx‐HD group were similar. Serum creatinine, hemoglobin, hematocrit, calcium and phosphorus levels were similar between the two groups as well. When compared to nHD group, serum total cholesterol (139 ± 3 vs. 154 ± 3 mg/dL, p = 0.045), serum albumin (3.8 ± 0.3 g/dL vs. 4.1 ± 0.2 g/dL, p < 0.0001) and CFR (1.60 ± 0.2 vs. 1.75 ± 0.3, p = 0.028) levels were significantly lower, while serum hs‐CRP levels (11 ± 15 mg/L vs. 3 ± 4 mg/L, p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the fTx‐HD group. Serum hs‐CRP negatively correlated (r = −0254, p = 0.021), while serum albumin positively correlated (r = 0402, p = 0.001) with CFR values.Conclusion:  ED is more prominent in fTx‐HD than the nHD patients. Inflammation, caused by failed renal allograft can be responsible for this abnormality.
Comparison of perceived health status among solid organ transplant candidates
Authors: Dobbels Fabienne , Wernli‐Fluri Christa , Denhaerynck Kris , Dickenmann Michael , Vanrenterghem Yves , Dupont Lieven , Nevens Frederik , Vanhaecke Johan , De Geest Sabina 
Published: November 2009

Dobbels F, Wernli‐Fluri C, Denhaerynck K, Dickenmann M, Vanrenterghem Y, Dupont L, Nevens F, Vanhaecke J, De Geest S. Comparison of perceived health status among solid organ transplant candidates. Clin Transplant 2009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2009.01163.x © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Introduction:  In solid organ transplantation (TX), perceived health status (PHS) is a relevant patient‐reported outcome. For patients on TX waiting lists, PHS information is limited. The aim of this study was therefore to compare PHS of heart, liver, lung, and renal TX candidates.Methods:  We used a cross‐sectional descriptive design, including consecutive heart, liver, lung and renal TX candidates listed at a university hospital in Belgium. PHS was evaluated using the generic EuroQoL instrument, assessing patients’ perceptions of their general PHS, and evaluating the health‐related domains of mobility, self‐care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Data were analyzed using multivariable ordinal logistic regression.Results:  The study included 314 TX candidates: 29 heart, 75 liver, 67 lung, and 143 renal. Analyses controlling for possible PHS‐impacting variables (age, gender, marital status, education, comorbidities) yielded significantly disparate results between the four candidate groups. Renal candidates reported best PHS, followed by liver candidates, whereas heart and lung candidates, whose score differences were not significant, had worst PHS.Conclusion:  The EQ‐5D seems to be a valuable tool to identify differences in health‐related problems in the four different organ candidate groups. The results can be used to create intervention programs focusing on effective clinical management for these patients pre‐ and post‐transplant.
Pathogenesis in ABO incompatible liver transplantation: a clinicohistological evaluation of four patients
Authors: Takeda Kazuhisa , Tanaka Kuniya , Morioka Daisuke , Kumamoto Takafumi , Endo Itaru , Togo Shinji , Shimada Hiroshi 
Published: November 2009

Takeda K, Tanaka K, Morioka D, Kumamoto T, Endo I, Togo S, Shimada H. Pathogenesis in ABO incompatible liver transplantation: a clinicohistological evaluation of four patients.  Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 747–751. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The aim of this study was to clarify the pathogenesis of antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) of ABO‐incompatible liver transplantation (ABO‐I‐LT). We investigated, within one month of surgery, the clinical courses of 10 patients who received ABO‐I‐LT. We encountered four cases of AMR, which were classified into two groups according to the stage of the AMR: early (within the first 14 postoperative days [PODs]) or late (after the 14th POD). There were three patients in the early stage, and one patient in the late stage. Three early‐stage AMR patients had both hyperbilirubinemia and thrombocytopenia within one month after LDLT, but the one late‐stage AMR patient had neither. On liver biopsy, hemorrhagic infiltration was seen more frequently in the early‐stage AMR patients than in the patient with late‐stage AMR. Plasma exchange combined with a large amount of gamma‐globulin bolus infusion therapy was effective in the three early‐stage patients, but the late‐stage AMR was controlled by antibiotic treatment. This study showed that the early‐stage AMR resulted from the antigen‐antibody reaction of ABO‐blood‐group antigens, while the late‐stage AMR may have been caused by an infection.
Impact of behavioral/developmental disorders comorbid with conduct disorder
Authors: Harada Yuzuru , Hayashida Ayako , Hikita Shouko , Imai Junko , Sasayama Daimei , Masutani Sari , Tomita Taku , Saitoh Kazuhiko , Washizuka Shinsuke , Amano Naoji 
Published: November 2009

Aims:  The aim of the present study was to verify the comorbidity of conduct disorder (CD) and behavioral/developmental disorders in children and adolescents, and to examine the traits of CD comorbid with them.Methods:  Subjects were 64 children (60 boys, four girls) who were resident at three institutions for delinquent children or who were conduct‐disordered outpatients of a university hospital aged under 18 years. A diagnostic interview was carried out by experienced child psychiatrists and the intelligence score and the Adverse Childhood Experiences score were measured by a licensed psychologist.Results:  A total of 57 children were diagnosed as having CD, of whom 26 (45.6%) were diagnosed with comorbid attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 12 were diagnosed with comorbid pervasive developmental disorder (PDD, 21,1%), and 19 (33.3%) had no comorbidity of either disorder. Six children (18.8% of CD comorbid with ADHD) met the criteria for both ADHD and PDD. The group with comorbid PDD was significantly younger at onset (F = 6.51, P = 0.003) and included unsocialized type more frequently (χ2 = 6.66, P = 0.036) compared with the other two groups.Conclusions:  Clinicians should be aware that not only ADHD but also PDD may be comorbid with CD. Establishment of the correct diagnosis is important because recognizing the presence of PDD will enable us to provide appropriate treatment and guidance, which may improve prognosis.
Resting state default‐mode network connectivity in early depression using a seed region‐of‐interest analysis: Decreased connectivity with caudate nucleus
Authors: Bluhm Robyn , Williamson Peter , Lanius Ruth , Théberge Jean , Densmore Maria , Bartha Robert , Neufeld Richard , Osuch Elizabeth 
Published: November 2009

Aim:  Reports on resting brain activity in healthy controls have described a default‐mode network (DMN) and important differences in DMN connectivity have emerged for several psychiatric conditions. No study to date, however, has investigated resting‐state DMN in relatively early depression before years of medication treatment. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to investigate the DMN in patients seeking help from specialized mental health services for the first time for symptoms of depression.Methods:  Fourteen depressed subjects and 15 matched controls were scanned using 4‐T functional magnetic resonance imaging while resting with eyes closed. All but one subject was medication free. A precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (P/PCC) seed‐region connectivity analysis was used to identify the DMN and compare study groups in regions of relevance to depression.Results:  The P/PCC analysis identified the DMN well in both study groups, consistent with prior literature. Direct comparison showed significantly reduced correlation between the P/PCC and the bilateral caudate in depression compared with controls and no areas of increased connectivity in the depressed group.Conclusions:  The present study is the first to investigate resting‐state DMN in the early stages of treatment‐seeking for depression. Depressed subjects had decreased connectivity between the P/PCC and the bilateral caudate, regions known to be involved in motivation and reward processing. Deficits in DMN connectivity with the caudate may be an early manifestation of major depressive disorder.
Adolescent vulnerability to PTSD and effects of community‐based intervention: Longitudinal study among adolescent survivors of theEhime Marusea accident
Authors: Maeda Masaharu , Kato Hiroshi , Maruoka Takayuki 
Published: November 2009

AimsThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychological impact on adolescent survivors of a maritime disaster that resulted in the deaths of nine people, including four high school students, and the effects of psychiatric intervention for the survivors.Methods: Long‐term multidimensional intervention consisting of psychoeducation, hospital treatment, family support and day care, was provided for nine adolescent survivors. To evaluate these effects, the survivors were also assessed using self‐rating scales (Impact of Event Scale, General Health Questionnaire and Self‐rating Depression Scale) and psychiatric structured interviews (Clinician‐Administered Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD] Scale) at 2, 8, 14, 26, and 38 months after the accident.Results: Prevalence of PTSD among adolescent survivors was much higher than in adult survivors at the 2‐month examination (78% vs 12%, respectively). Although the observed prevalence remained high until the 14‐month examination, remarkable improvement occurred thereafter and none was diagnosed with PTSD at the 38‐month examination.Conclusion: Adolescents may have a specific vulnerability to PTSD and community‐based intervention is effective for adolescents with serious symptoms of PTSD.
Internal validation of an artificial neural network for prostate biopsy outcome
Authors: Stephan Carsten , Cammann Henning , Bender Martin , Miller Kurt , Lein Michael , Jung Klaus , Meyer Hellmuth‐A 
Published: November 2009

Objectives:  To carry out an internal validation of the retrospectively trained artificial neural network (ANN) ‘ProstataClass’.Methods:  A prospectively collected database of 393 patients undergoing 8–12 core prostate biopsy was analyzed. Data of these patients were applied to the online available ANN ‘ProstataClass’ using the Elecsys total prostate‐specific antigen (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) assays. Beside the internal validation of the ANN ‘ProstataClass’ an additional ANN (named as ANN internal validation: ANNiv) only using the 393 prospective patient data was evaluated. The new ANN model was constructed with the MATLAB Neural Network Toolbox. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves comparing the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) and specificities at 90% and 95% sensitivity.Results:  Within a tPSA range of 1.0–22.8 ng/mL, 229 men (58.3%) had prostate cancer (PCa). tPSA, %fPSA and the number of positive digital rectal examinations (DRE) differed significantly from the cohort of patients of the ANN ‘ProstataClass’, whereas age and prostate volume were comparable. AUCs for tPSA, %fPSA and the ANN ‘ProstataClass’ were 0.527, 0.726 and 0.747 (P = 0.085 between %fPSA and ANN). The AUC of the ANNiv (0.754) was significantly better compared with %fPSA (P = 0.021), whereas the AUC of two ANN models built on external cohorts (0.726 and 0.729) showed no differences to %fPSA and the other ANN models.Conclusions:  Significant differences of DRE status and %fPSA medians decrease the power of the ‘ProstataClass’ ANN in the internal validation cohort. The effect of retrospective data evaluation the ‘ProstataClass’ cohort and prospective fPSA measurement may be responsible for %fPSA differences. All ANN models built with different PSA and fPSA assays performed equally if applied to the two cohorts.
Using classification tree analysis to reveal causes of mortality in an insect population
Authors: MacQuarrie Chris J. K. , Spence John R. , Langor David W. 
Published: November 2009

Invasive species pose significant threats to native and managed ecosystems. However, it may not always be possible to perform rigorous, long‐term studies on invaders to determine the factors that influence their population dynamics, particularly when time and resources are limited. We applied a novel approach to determine factors associated with mortality in larvae of the sawflyProfenusa thomsoniKonow, a leafminer of birch, and a relatively recent invader of urban and rural birch forests in Alaska. Classification tree analysis was applied to reveal relationships between qualitative and quantitative predictor variables and categorical response variables in a large data set of larval mortality observations.We determined the state (living or dead) of sawfly larvae in samples of individual leaves. Each leaf was scored for variables reflecting the intensity of intra‐specific competition and leaf quality for leafminers, year of collection and degree‐days accumulated were recorded for each sample. We explored the association of these variables with larval state using classification tree analysis.Leafminer mortality was best explained by a combination of competition and resource exhaustion and our analysis revealed a possible advantage to group feeding in young larvae that may explain previously observed patterns of resource overexploitation in this species. Dead larvae were disproportionately found in smaller leaves, which highlights the potential effect of competition on mortality and suggests that smaller‐leaved species of birch will better able to resist leafminer damage.We show that classification tree analysis may be useful in situations where urgency and/or limited resources prohibit traditional life‐table studies.
Is Clostridium difficile infection a particular problem after reversal of ileostomy?
Authors: Randall J. K. , Young B. C. , Patel G. , Fitzgerald A. , George B. D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim  Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitals. Various independent risk factors have been identified, including age and antibiotic exposure. This study attempted to determine whether surgery and associated antibiotic use influence the development of CDI.Method  A retrospective review of all patients with a diagnosis of CDI diagnosed during admission to a colorectal unit was conducted over a 20‐month period. Patient records were cross‐referenced with a microbiology database to identify previous episodes of infection and cases of recurrence.Results  There were 38 CDI episodes in 29 patients, including nine with recurrence. In 33, the use of antibiotics prior to the onset of CDI was documented, but in 14 (37%) patients this was limited to perioperative prophylaxis. The incidence of CDI after various procedures was as follows: ileostomy closure (4.2%), right hemicolectomy (2.1%) and anterior resection (1%).Conclusion  Ileostomy closure may carry a higher risk of CDI.
Foregut ossicles morphology and feeding of the freshwater anomuran crab Aegla uruguayana (Decapoda, Aeglidae)
Authors: Williner Veronica 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWilliner, V. 2009. Foregut ossicles morphology and feeding of the freshwater anomuran crab Aegla uruguayana (Decapoda, Aeglidae). —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 91: 408–415.The acquisition and processing of food is critical to animal survival and reproductive success. This work describes the foregut ossicles of Aegla uruguayana, which have been proposed to impart trophic characteristics. In addition, stomach contents were analysed using Index of Relative Importance and Weighted Result Index to characterize the diet. The Pearre index was applied to analyse trophic selectivity. We found A. uruguayana has a morphological foregut typical of macrophage organisms. Stomach contents included items typical of omnivorous, generalist and opportunistic feeding modes. Vegetal remains included algae (filamentous, unicellular and colonial morphotypes), insect larvae, oligochaetes, microcrustaceans (copepods and cladocerans), mites, tardigrades, juveniles of A. uruguayana and rotifers. Morphological descriptions of the foregut can reveal feeding habits and provide data on the possible trophic profile of a species, while guiding the selection of appropriate methodology for subsequent analysis. Our stomach content data corroborated the foregut description, but the presence of small prey suggested A. uruguayana utilizes both predation and detritivory trophic strategies.