bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbene-Stabilized Phosphagermylenylidene: A HeavierAnalog of Isonitrile
Authors: Li Jiancheng , Wang Xin-Feng , Hu Chaopeng , Liu Liu Leo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Phosphagermylenylidenes (R − P = Ge), as heavier analogs of isonitriles, whether in their free state or as complexes with a Lewis base, have not been previously identified as isolable entities. In this study, we report the synthesis of a stable monomeric phosphagermylenylidene within the coordination sphere of a Lewis base under ambient conditions. This species was synthesized by Lewis base-induced de-dimerization of a cyclic phosphagermylenylidene dimer or via Me3SiCl elimination in a phosphinochlorogermylene framework. The deliberate integration of a bulky, electropositive N-heterocyclic boryl group at the phosphorus site, combined with coordination stabilization by a cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene at the low-valent germanium site, effectively mitigated its natural tendency towards oligomerization. Structural analyses and theoretical calculations have demonstrated that this unprecedented species features a P = Ge double bond, characterized by conventional electron-sharing π and σ bonds, complemented by lone pairs at both the phosphorus and germanium atoms. Preliminary reactivity studies show that this base-stabilized phosphagermylenylidene demonstrates facile release of ligands at the Ge atom, coordination to silver through the lone pair on P, and versatile reactivity including both (cyclo)addition and cleavage of the P = Ge double bond.
What Do We Know About the Usefulness of 18f-fdg Pet-ct for the Management of Invasive Fungal Infection? An International Survey.
Authors: Gutiérrez-Villanueva Andrea , Calderón-Parra Jorge , Diaz Alejandro Callejas , Muñez-Rubio Elena , Velásquez Karina , Ramos-Martínez Antonio , Rodríguez-Alfonso Begoña , Fernández-Cruz Ana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Recent data support 18F-FDG PET-CT for the management of infections in immunocompromised patients, including invasive fungal infection (IFI). However, its role is not well established in clinical practice.
We performed an international survey to evaluate the knowledge of physicians about the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET-CT in IFI, in order to define areas of uncertainty.
Methods
An online survey was distributed to infectious diseases working groups in December 2023-January 2024. It included questions regarding access to 18F-FDG PET-CT, knowledge on its usefulness for IFI and experience of the respondents. A descriptive analysis was performed.
Results
180 respondents answered; 60.5% were Infectious Diseases specialists mainly from Spain (52.8%) and Italy (23.3%). 84.4% had access to 18F-FDG PET-CT at their own center.
85.6% considered that 18F-FDG PET-CT could be better than conventional tests for IFI. In the context of IFI risk, 81.1% would consider performing 18F-FDG PET-CT to study fever without a source and around 50% to evaluate silent lesions and assess response, including distinguishing residual from active lesions.
Based on the results of the follow-up 18F-FDG PET-CT, 56.7% would adjust antifungal therapy duration. 60% would consider a change in the diagnostic or therapeutic strategy in case of increased uptake or new lesions.
Uncovering occult lesions (52%) and diagnosing/excluding endocarditis (52.7%) were the situations in which 18F-FDG PET-CT was considered to have the most added value.
Conclusion
Although the majority considered that 18F-FDG PET-CT may be useful for IFI, many areas of uncertainty remain: timing and indication in which it adds most value, duration of uptake, the threshold for discontinuing treatment or the influence of immune status. There is a need for protocolized research to improve IFI management.
A modeling and analysis method for the bidirectional reflection distribution function of the target material
Authors: Sun Houpeng , Li Yingchun , Guo Huichao , Luan Chenglong , Zhang Laixian , Zheng Haijing , Fan Youchen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We designed a bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) measurement system to re-search the characteristics of target materials. This system measures the BRDF data of an aluminum plate and gold foil. A hybrid biogeography-based optimization-firefly (BBO-Firefly) algorithm was proposed to optimize the five-parameter BRDF model. To check the performance of the hybrid BBO-Firefly algorithm, we set up a contrast experiment to optimize the BRDF parameters using the BBO algorithm, Firefly algorithm, and hybrid BBO-Firefly algorithm. According to the optimization results, the incidence angles are 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°, respectively. When the material is an aluminum plate, the MSE of the BBO-Firefly algorithm is reduced to 14%, 7%, 10%, and 11% compared with the original BBO algorithm, and the MSE is reduced to 14%, 7%, 12%, 15% compared with the original Firefly algorithm. When the material is gold foil, the MSE of the BBO-Firefly algorithm is reduced to 17%, 18%, 12%, and 11% compared with the original BBO algorithm, and the MSE is reduced to 15%, 24%, 28%, 32% compared with the original Firefly algorithm. The experimental results prove that the hybrid BBO-Firefly algorithm surpasses the BBO algorithm and Firefly algorithm in convergence speed and precision in the same situation and has a better optimization effect. Finally, we substitute the optimization results of the hybrid BBO-Firefly algorithm into the BRDF model to analyze the reflection characteristics of an aluminum plate and gold foil.
Patterns of change in propulsion force and late braking force in patients with stroke walking at fast speeds
Authors: Ohta Mizuho , Tanabe Saori , Tamari Makoto , Katsuhira Junji 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Increased propulsion force (PF) in the paretic limb correlates with enhanced walking speed among stroke patients. However, investigations into changes in late braking force (LBF), occurring typically during the late stance phase, remain scarce. Our objective was to elucidate the dynamics of PF and LBF alterations during fast walking in stroke patients and to discern strategies based on the shifting patterns of LBF. We retrospectively analyzed data from 100 stroke patients walking at both comfortable and fast speeds using a 3D motion analyzer. Notably, all patients exhibited augmented PF during fast walking compared to their comfortable pace. However, LBF displayed both decreasing and increasing trends. In contrast to the decreased LBF pattern, the augmented LBF pattern not only resulted in a smaller increase in PF but also entailed an elevation in LBF due to reduced in-phase coordination of the anterior tilt of the lower leg and plantar flexion of the foot during the pre-swing phase. Consequently, a compensatory strategy involving increased pelvic hike during the swing phase was adopted. Our findings contribute novel evidence indicating that alterations in LBF patterns exacerbate abnormal gait in stroke patients navigating at high speeds.
Biomechanical study of spinal cord and nerve root in idiopathic scoliosis: based on finite element analysis
Authors: Ma Jibin , Wang Jian , Yang Yuming , Wu Jincheng , Liu Ziwen , Miao jun , Yan Xu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Limited research on spinal cord and nerve root biomechanics during scoliosis correction, this study assesses surgical impact using finite element analysis.
Methods
A detailed three-dimensional finite element model was constructed, incorporating vertebral bodies, ligaments, spinal cord, and nerve roots using engineering software. The Cobb angle was incrementally corrected by applying forces and displacements. At a 40mm displacement, mean von Mises stress on the spinal cord and bilateral nerve roots in each spinal segment was compared between traction versus traction + torsion, and pushing versus pushing + torsion conditions. Parametric t-tests were used for spinal cord stress comparisons, while non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests were employed for nerve root stress comparisons. T1/2-T4/5 was defined as the upper segment, T5/6-T8/9 as the middle segment, and T9/10-L1/2 as the lower segment. The average von Mises stresses of the upper, middle and lower segments of spinal cord and nerve root were compared under different displacement conditions by non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, α = 0.05. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Increasing displacement reduced the Cobb Angle, increased correction rates, and elevated stress on the spinal cord and nerve roots. At 40 mm displacement, stress on the right nerve root in the apical vertebra region exceeded that on the left nerve root in the thoracic curve, with peak stress observed near the apical vertebra on the spinal cord. Notable stress differences were observed between traction and traction + torsion conditions but not between pushing and pushing + torsion conditions. Compared with the displacement of 20 mm and 40 mm, significant stress differences were noted in the middle spinal cord segment under all conditions and in all spinal cord segments and nerve roots under pushing conditions.
Conclusions
Achieving correction rates between 61–68% primarily affected the apical vertebra region of the spinal cord. In the case of similar correction rate, the traction maneuver has the least stress on the spinal cord and bilateral nerves, and the push maneuver can achieve a greater correction rate. However, with the increase of correction rate, the push maneuver will significantly increase the risk of nerve injury.
The Effectiveness of Tai Chi Chuan Exercise on Depression, Sleep Quality, and Mental Health
Authors: Nabizadehchianeh Ghasim , Morsaljahan Somayeh , Walker David Ian , Nosratabad Touraj Hashemi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The effectiveness of regular physical activity as a therapeutic intervention in modern medicine is widely recognized, making it a potential option for those seeking lifestyle modifications to treat mood disorders. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine the impact of Tai Chi Chuan exercise on depression, sleep quality, and mental well-being.
Methods
The study used an experimental design, including pre- and post-test assessments, and consisted of both experimental and control groups. The study included male individuals diagnosed with depression who were selected from healthcare centers in Sardasht city during the year 2019. The study involved 30 male individuals with depression symptoms, divided into two groups: the experimental group, which completed 36 Tai Chi Chuan training sessions, and the control group, which did not receive any treatment. The participants completed demographic data collection forms and responded to multiple surveys. The data was analyzed using SPSS-26 software, employing both univariate and multivariate methodologies, and the mean and standard deviations of age were 27.40 (SD = 4.20) and 30.13 (SD = 4.19) respectively.
Results
The results of the study revealed that both univariate and multivariate analyses of covariance provided evidence supporting the notion that engaging in Tai Chi Chuan exercises led to enhancements in sleep quality and mental health among participants in the experimental group. Furthermore, these enhancements were correlated with a decrease in depressive symptoms.
Conclusion
In conclusion, participation in Tai Chi activities holds the potential to enhance emotional well-being, sleep patterns, and overall mental health in men experiencing depression.
Preparation and characterization of H3PMo11O39@SiO2@g-C3N4 nanocomposite and using as heterogeneous effective catalyst for one-pot green synthesis of 4-hydropyran derivatives under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Bahmanziyari Maryam , Naeimi Hossein 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

A novel Brønsted acidic nanocomposite, H3PMo11O39@SiO2@g-C3N4 has easily prepared. This nanocomposite has characterized and identified using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Three-component condensation reaction of aldehyde, malononitrile, and dimedone carried out in the presence of the H3PMo11O39@SiO2@g-C3N4 nanocomposite as a green catalyst under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. The experimental results show that the 4-hydropyran derivatives obtained in high yields and very short reaction times. Easy workup, reusability, and stability of the green catalyst are noteworthy advantages of this method. Moreover, this heterogeneous catalyst can be satisfactorily recovered by simple filtration and reused at least five times without loss of activity.
Investigating the Impact of Microbiome-Changing Interventions on Food Decision-Making: MIFOOD Study Protocol
Authors: Vartanian Meghedi , Endres Konrad Jakob , Lee Yee Teng , Friedrich Silke , Meemken Marie-Theres , Schamarek Imke , Rohde-Zimmermann Kerstin , Schürfeld Robin , Eisenberg Lina , Hilbert Anja , Beyer Frauke , Stumvoll Michael , Sacher Julia , Villringer Arno , Christensen Julia F. , Witte A. Veronica 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a multifactorial disease reaching pandemic proportions with increasing healthcare costs, advocating the development of better prevention and treatment strategies. Previous research indicates that the gut microbiome plays an important role in metabolic, hormonal, and neuronal cross-talk underlying eating behavior. We therefore aim to examine the effects of prebiotic and neurocognitive behavioral interventions on food decision-making and to assay the underlying mechanisms in a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT).
Method: This study uses a parallel arm RCT design with a 26-week intervention period. We plan to enroll 90 participants (male/diverse/female) living with overweight or obesity, defined as either a Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) ≥ 0.9 (male)/0.85 (diverse, female) or a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. Key inclusion criteria are 18-60 years of age and exclusion criteria are type 2 diabetes, psychiatric disease, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contraindications. The interventions comprise either a daily supplementary intake of 30g soluble fiber (inulin), or weekly neurocognitive behavioral group sessions, compared to placebo (equicaloric maltodextrin). At baseline and follow-up, food decision-making is assessed utilizing task-based MRI. Secondary outcome measures include structural MRI, eating habits, lifestyle factors, personality traits, and mood. Further, we obtain fecal and blood samples to investigate gut microbiome composition and related metabolites.
Discussion: This study relies on expanding research suggesting that dietary prebiotics could improve gut microbiome composition, leading to beneficial effects on gut-brain signaling and higher-order cognitive functions. In parallel, neurocognitive behavioral interventions have been proposed to improve unhealthy eating habits and metabolic status. However, causal evidence on how these “bottom-up” and “top-down” processes affect food decision-making and neuronal correlates in humans is still scarce. In addition, microbiome, and gut-brain-axis-related mediating mechanisms remain unclear. The present study proposes a comprehensive approach to assess the effects of these gut-brain-related processes influencing food decision-making in overweight and obesity.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05353504. Retrospectively registered on 29 April 2022.
The Relations between The Critical Temperature and Debye Temperature for Some Single-Element Superconductors
Authors: Pei Ting-Han 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We study the critical temperature Tc and Debye temperature θD for 12 single-element superconductors and find a relation TcθD=const. for every two metals of each group in the periodic table of elements. Especially, even the Tc ratio of Hg to Zn is as high as 4.77 but their TcθD are still close to each other. This formula is beneficial to explain why the single-element insulator at room temperature will not show the superconducting characteristic since it has no free-electron gas. The relation reveals that Tc is inversely proportional to ωD or θD, and also inversely proportional to the acoustic velocity v and the momentum of the Fermi electrons PF. Furthermore, two special formulae are also found for all chosen transition metals and post-transition metals, respectively, and show an important thing that the critical temperature Tc is also related to the valence electrons or the largest positive oxidation number in those superconductors.
A new Trial Monitoring Plan (TMP) template for clinical trials: Output from a Delphi process
Authors: Taheri Shiva , Yorke-Edwards Victoria , Sydes Matthew R , Isaacs Talia , Love Sharon B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Monitoring is a crucial part of trial conduct and ensures that participants’ data is fairly represented, and future healthcare information is enhanced. This project aims to improve trial monitoring by creating a Trial Monitoring Plan (TMP) template with input from individuals experienced in monitoring clinical trials.
Methods
A review of monitoring plans received from UK Clinical Research Collaboration (UKCRC) registered Clinical Trials Units (CTU)s created the basis for a preliminary TMP template and a Delphi survey. The TMP template was finalised after 2 rounds of a Delphi survey and a two-part consensus meeting including trialists with experience and expertise in monitoring clinical trials.
Results
31 monitoring plans were received from UKCRC registered CTUs. The process resulted in a standardised TMP template with input from many individuals with interest, experience, or expertise in monitoring clinical trials.
Conclusion
A TMP template was developed building on the currently used monitoring plans and with input from those experienced in clinical trial monitoring. Using a centrally developed good quality TMP template should contribute towards maintaining consistency in monitoring standards across all CTUs, resulting in higher research quality and improved quality assurance. Its use should provide reassurance to participants that their participation is carefully monitored to ensure that their data or any samples provided are treated with confidentiality, integrity, and respect and that their rights and well-being are protected.
Structural performance evaluation of an electric vehicle chassis
Authors: Zamzam Omar , Abdelaziz Mohamed , Elnady Tamer , El-Wahab Ayman A. Abd 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Electric vehicle (EV) production is pivotal in achieving environmental sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution Since the weight of electric vehicles directly influences the energy consumption and driving range of the vehicle, innovative engineers face a significant challenge in designing an optimized vehicle chassis that remains robust under complex loading conditions. This paper focuses on the dynamic analysis of an EV chassis subjected to transient suspension forces due to hitting speed bumps and proposes a load factor between static and dynamic loads. A quarter vehicle model was adopted and solved using MATLAB Simulink to simulate the transient force transmitted to the chassis under different bump dimensions and vehicle speeds. The load was implemented into three different dynamic analysis studies: Front Loading, Rear Loading, and Torsional Loading. Subsequently, static and dynamic analyses were performed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with SimSolid software. The results obtained from the dynamic analysis studies showed that the maximum stress was 288 MPa with a safety factor of 1.12, while the maximum stress in the static analysis was 64 MPa with a safety factor of 5.69. Additionally, a load factor of 4.44 between static and dynamic loads was revealed. Based on these findings, the chassis experiences only elastic deformation and is considered safe for practical use.
Preparation of halogen-free flame retardant curing agent and its application in epoxy resin
Authors: lei jiang , long jiapeng , Liang bing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

9,10-Dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-N-Aminoethylpiperazine(DOPO-AEP), a phosphorus and nitrogen intumescent flame retardant curing agent was prepared by using acetonitrile as solvent using 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and N-aminoethylpiperazine (AEP) as raw materials. The structure of the flame retardant curing agent DOPO-AEP was analyzed by FTIR, NMR and ESI-MS, and the synthesis method of the target product was determined. In addition, the content of TG in DOPO-AEP was determined by thermogravimetric analyzer, and its thermal properties were comprehensively explored, and based on the obtained results, the curable epoxy resin was selected to prepare DOPO-AEP/EP flame retardant composites. According to the amount of DOPO-AEP added product, different proportions of DOPO-AEP/EP flame retardant composites were prepared, and the actual impact of flame retardant properties and mechanical properties of epoxy resin in different proportions was explored. When the content of DOPO-AEP is 35%, the limiting oxygen index of DOPO-AEP/EP reaches 29.9, which has a significant increase compared with the limiting oxygen index of pure epoxy resin of 19.8, but compared with the content of DOPO-AEP of 30%, the limiting oxygen index of DOPO-AEP/EP is 28.7, and there is no significant increase change. Comprehensive analysis shows that when the component content of DOPO-AEP is 30%, the flame retardant system has a tensile strength of 29.0MPa, an impact strength of 4.5Kj/m2 and a flexural strength of 73.9MPa, and its limiting oxygen index is as high as 28.7, and the comprehensive performance of the system is the best. By testing the surface morphology of the flame retardant composites after combustion by SEM, it was found that a dense carbon layer was formed on the surface of the epoxy resin cured carbon residue and foamed obviously, indicating that the flame retardant curing performance of DOPO-AEP was good.