bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human aconitase polymorphism in three samples from northeastern Brazil
Authors: AZEVĚDO ELIANE S. , CHRISTINA MARIA , SILVA B. OLYMPIO Da , LIMA ÂCNGELA MARIA V. MUNIZ DIAS , FONSECA EMMANOEL FELIX , CONCEIçAtilde;O MARIA MENDES 
Published: September 2010

SummaryHuman aconitase (ACNO8) polymorphism was studied in three samples from northeastern Brazil. Two of the samples were collected in the State of Bahia and one in the State of Sergipe. The main characteristic of the samples was given by different degrees of Black admixture. The results showed that the more negroid the saniples the higher the frequencies of the alleles ACNO48and ACNO68. These findings fit well with the known ACONsgene frequencies in prcmnt‐day Siperians and with the past history of Yoruba slaves in Bahia.
A variant protein in human parotid saliva detected by SDS polyacrylamide ǵel electrophoresis and its inheritance
Authors: IKEMOTO SHIGENORI , MINAGUCH KIYOSHI , TOMITA KOICHI , SUZUKI KAZUO 
Published: September 2010

SummaryIn 2118 parotid saliva samples collected at random from a Japanese population, two phenotypes were observed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Inheritance was controlled by a dominant allele a t an autosomal locus. The frequencies of the genes determining these phenotypes were for the Japanese population studied: Ph+= 0.026 ± 0.008, Ph‐= 0.974 ± 0.008.
Genetical studies of the palmar and sole patterns and some derrnatoǵlyphic measurements in twins
Authors: LOESCH DANUTA 
Published: September 2010

SummarySome genetic parametes such as: genetic variance (GCT based on within and between mean squares of the two types of twins, the within‐pair variance ratio and teh coveriance/variance ratio in MZ twins have also been obtained for all these traits and considered in relation to differences in respect of the total and between‐pair variances and means for all specified characters.The highest values of genetic parameters have been obtained for pattern intensities and ridge counts on finger‐tips, considered separately or combined, for the H hypothenar loop and the axial t triradii on palms, and for the majority of sole loops and triradii. The lowest values have been found for several palmar loops and measurements such as minutiae counts. These results are, in respect of some pattern elements, not in agreement with the estimated heritability based on correlations between other relatives. A comparison of genetic parameters for single loops or triradii and for their varous combinations indicates that some pattern elements or their combinations may be each influenced by a specific genetic system which modifies their phenotypie expression. It is believed that the obtained results are, for some proportion of characters, clearly biased by inequality of the total variances in MZ and DZ twins.The within ‐and between‐pair mean squares and means have been estimated for dermatoglyphie patterns on finger‐tips, palms and soles and compared between samples of 110 MZ and 111 DZ twins of Polish origin. Dermatoglyphie patterns have been represented by topologically significant pattern elements (loops and triradii) on finger‐tips, palms and soles, considered separately and in various combinations, ridge counts on finger‐tips and on palms and several other palmar and sole measurements.
Maternal height and twinning
Authors: CORNEY G. , SEEDBURGH D. , THOMPSON B. , CAMPBELL D. M. , MacGILLIVRAY‡ I. , TIMLINS D. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryData on maternal height are presented for 307 pairs of newborn twins of known zygosity from Oxford and 267 pairs from Aberdeen and north‐east Scotland. The results support the hypothesis that mothers of DZ twins are taller than those of MZ twins. Mothers of MZ twins resemble mothers of singletons in height, whereas mothers of DZ twins are taller.
CIRCULATING LEVELS OF PREGNANCY‐SPECIFIC β1−GLYCOPROTEIN AND HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY: THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO PARITY, BIRTH WEIGHT, AND PLACENTAL WEIGHT
Authors: Gordon Y. B. , Grudzinskas J. G. , Lewis J. D. , Jeffrey Diana , Letchworth A. T. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryCirculating levels of pregnancy‐specific β1‐glycoprotein (SP1) and human placental lactogen (HPL) were measured in 153 normal subjects during the third trimester of pregnancy. The levels of SP1 and HPL showed a skewed distribution and rose progressively to reach a plateau by the 36th week. The normal range was calculated by ranking the data and division into centiles as well as by logarithmic transformation of the values. A low but significant correlation was observed between SP1 and HPL levels, SP1 and birth weight. There was also a correlation between HPL levels and placental weight.
VENOUS DISTENSIBILITY DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Walters W. A. W. , Shields Lyndall 
Published: September 2010

SummaryChanges in the distensibility of dorsal hand veins during the menstrual cycle were measured in 19 healthy young women using a new optical method relying upon a pressure‐diameter principle. Significantly greater venous distensibility was found during the first half compared with the second half of the menstrual cycle. The possible causes for this finding, particularly the role of oestrogen, are discussed.
Journal Innovention: A single injection technique for midface rejuvenation
Authors: Cattin Teresa A 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe correction of volume loss has become an important part of facial rejuvenation treatments, particularly in the midface region. Techniques to date have largely relied on multiple injections, fanning techniques and deep placement of product under muscle or on periosteum. This article describes a new technique to enhance volume in the midface using a single injection of cross‐linked hyaluronic acid at the subdermal level and above the muscle. The technique approaches midface rejuvenation with reference to both the bony skeleton and the medial malar fat compartment. After appropriately marking the skin, the filler is placed using a blunt cannula. The treatment achieves satisfactory volume correction, enhancing the sharp cheek bones and malar fullness typical of an attractive adult face. The approach is simple, quick, and well tolerated by the patient and may result in less bruising than deeper techniques.
Original Contribution: Wound‐healing properties of nut oil from Pouteria lucuma
Authors: Rojo Leonel E , Villano Caren M , Joseph Gili , Schmidt Barbara , Shulaev Vladimir , Shuman Joel L , Lila Mary Ann , Raskin Ilya 
Published: September 2010

SummaryBackground  Cell migration, angiogenesis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling are key events in wound healing. Natural products, including fatty acids (FAs), can accelerate wound healing by modulating the aforementioned events.Aims   This study aims to evaluate the effect of lucuma (Pouteria lucuma O Kezte) nut oil (LNO) on fibroblasts migration, angiogenesis, inflammation, bacterial and fungal growth, and wound healing.Methods  GC–MS analysis of FAs methyl esters (FAMES) was used for chemical characterization of LNO. In vitro studies were carried out with LNO investigating the induction of cell migration, cytoskeleton remodeling of human fibroblasts, inhibition of LPS‐induced nitric oxide production in macrophages, and antibacterial and antifungal effects. Two in vivo studies were carried out to study LNO’s effect on angiogenesis and wound healing: (i) tail fin regeneration in transgenic zebrafish larvae expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in vascular endothelial cells was used to study vessel sprouting and wound healing and (ii) the closure of wounds was evaluated in CD‐1 mice after topical applications of LNO‐containing formulations.Results  Lucuma nut oil is a mixture of FAs, 99.7% of which were characterized. Major components of LNO (w/w) are linoleic acid (38.9%), oleic acid (27.9%), palmitic acid (18.6%), stearic acid (8.9%), and γ linolenic acid (2.9%). In vitro studies showed that LNO significantly promoted migration and vinculin expression in human fibroblasts. LNO decreased LPS‐induced nitric oxide production and did not display significant antibacterial or antifungal effects. LNO induced tail fin regeneration in transgenic zebrafish larvae 48 h after tail fin amputation and significantly accelerated cutaneous wound closure in CD‐1 mice.Conclusions  Natural FAs from P. lucuma nut promote skin regeneration and, thus, may have applications in medicine and skin care.
Original Contribution: Stearic acid delivery to corneum from a mild and moisturizing cleanser
Authors: Mukherjee Surajit , Edmunds Melody , Lei Xuegong , Ottaviani Maria Francesca , Ananthapadmanabhan Kavssery P , Turro Nicholas J 
Published: September 2010

SummaryObjective  A mild moisturizing body wash with stearic acid, a key component of corneum lipids, and emollient soybean oil has been introduced in the market place. The objectives of this study are to determine the amount and the location of the stearic acid in the corneum after in vivo cleansing by the formulation.Method  Clinical cleansing studies for one and five consecutive days were carried out with the formulation containing soybean oil or petroleum jelly (PJ). The free stearic acid in it was replaced by the fully deuterated variant. The amounts of stearic acid in 10 consecutive corneum tape strips were measured by liquid chromatograph–mass spectroscopy. Separately, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements were taken with a porcine skin after a wash by the soybean oil formulation with its free fatty acid replaced by its spin probe analogue, 5‐doxyl stearic acid.Results  Deuterated stearic acid was detected in all 10 consecutive layers of stratum corneum and the total amount after five washes with the soybean oil formulation was 0.33 μg/cm2. The spin probe in cleanser‐treated skin was incorporated in a partially ordered hydrophobic region similar to corneum lipids. The probe mobility increased in the temperature region where lipid disorder was expected.Conclusions  The estimated total fatty acid delivered to skin from cleansing is comparable to the amount of fatty acid in a corneum layer. The delivered fatty acid is most likely incorporated in the corneum lipid phase.
Original Contribution: An evaluation of the effect of a topical product containing salicin on the visible signs of human skin aging
Authors: Gopaul Remona , Knaggs Helen E , Lephart Janet F , Holley Kara C , Gibson Erica M 
Published: September 2010

SummaryBackground  There are many different visible signs of skin aging. These include wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, lack of firmness, poor texture, enlarged pores, and dryness. While there are many topical agents that claim to deliver wide‐spectrum anti‐aging benefits, few target all of the signs of skin aging to the same extent. Salicin, an extract from white willow bark, has been researched as a potent anti‐inflammatory agent when taken orally. Based on unpublished in‐house comprehensive consumer clinical studies, it is believed salicin may have anti‐aging capabilities when applied topically to human skin.Aim  This research evaluated the effect of a topical serum formulation containing salicin at 0.5% on the visible signs of skin aging.Materials and Methods  This single‐center study enrolled 30 female subjects, showing mild to moderate signs of aging, between the ages of 35 and 70 having Fitzpatrick skin types ranging between I and IV. Subjects used the study serum product containing 0.5% salicin on their face twice daily for 12 weeks. Ordinal grading on a nine‐point scale (0 = none, 1–3 = mild, 4–6 = moderate, 7–9 = severe) of facial fine lines, molted pigmentation, uneven skin tone, tactile roughness, global firmness appearance, jaw‐line contour, radiance, and overall appearance was performed by investigator at baseline, week 1, week 4, week 8, and week 12. Digital photography, ultrasound, cutometry, and corneometry measurements were also performed at each time point.Results  Twenty‐nine of 30 subjects successfully completed the study. No tolerability issues were reported. The clinical investigator found statistically significant improvements in wrinkles, tactile roughness, pore size, radiance, and overall appearance at week 1 time point (P ≤ 0.05) against baseline and statistically significant improvements in mottled pigmentation, global firmness, and jaw‐line contour at week 4 time point (P ≤ 0.05) against baseline. Cutometry, corneometry, and ultrasound measurements showed significant improvements at week 12 time point (P ≤ 0.05) against baseline.Conclusion  Based on the findings from this study, it can be concluded that salicin has the ability to reduce the visible signs of skin aging when applied topically.
Original Contribution: Top 10 botanical ingredients in 2010 anti‐aging creams
Authors: Cronin Hyland , Draelos Zoe Diana 
Published: September 2010

SummaryNew developments in the realm of skin rejuvenation such as phytotherapy are at an astounding increasing pace in the cosmeceutical market. Yet, many of these products that are classified as cosmeceuticals are tested less vigorously and do not have to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration to establish efficacy and safety. Thus, as clinicians, we must ask the question, “Is there science‐based evidence to validate the mechanism of these new treatments?” We assessed the top anti‐aging creams currently on the market specifically evaluating their botanical ingredients. Some of the most common botanicals that are hot off the market are: Rosmarinus officinalis, Vitis vinifera (grape seed extract), Citronellol, Limonene, Oenothera biennis (evening primrose), Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice extract), Aframomum angustifolium seed extract, Diosgenin (wild yam), N6 furfuryladenine (kinetin), and Ergothioneine. Through researching each of these botanical ingredients, we have concluded that randomized controlled trials are still needed in this area, but there is promise in some of these ingredients and science to validate them.
Raynaud's phenomenon: blood supply to fingers during indirect cooling, evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry
Authors: Engelhart M. , Kristensen J. K. 
Published: September 2010

Summary. The effect of indirect cooling on finger‐tip blood flow patterns were recorded in 31 patients suffering from Raynaud's phenomenon. Fifteen were suffering from generalized scleroderma with acrosclerosis (GS), and 16 from primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PR), and were compared to 13 healthy controls without cold sensitivity. Finger blood flow (FBF) was monitored by a laser Doppler flowmeter.Resting blood flow values were significantly lower in patients compared to controls.After two min of body cooling no difference could be observed in relative flow decrease between patients and controls or between PR and GS, but after 10 min of body cooling, relative flow decrease tended to be more pronounced in GS than in PR. Only in GS was the zero flow situation observed.During the resting condition, skin vessel vasomotion was observed as rhythmical variations in the blood flow of 5–10 cycles per minute. These seemed to be preserved in patients and in chronically sympathectomized patients, and could not be abolished by nerve blockade of the finger. The influence from sympathetic vasomotor fibres on FBF could be observed during cooling as irregular coarse flow fluctuations. This was observed in both patients and controls but not in the chronically sympathectomized patients and disappeared after nerve blockade of the finger. Finger temperature was measured simultaneously during body cooling, but significant changes were observed only in normals and PR.The conclusions were that (1) during body cooling, flow decrease in GS tends to be more pronounced than in PR, and only in GS could the zero flow situation be elicited; (2) influence on finger blood vessels from the sympathetic nervous system could be observed in both patients and control persons; (3) GS and PR patients seem to have preserved local vasomotion in cutaneous microvessels; (4) finger‐tip temperature in sclerotic skin is an imprecise blood flow indicator.
Sensibility after burn injury
Authors: Hermanson A. , Jonsson C.‐E. , Lindblom U. 
Published: September 2010

Summary. Thresholds for touch, temperature, pain and two‐point discrimination were examined in 27 healthy subjects and in 36 burn patients. Three groups of injuries were examined; superficial dermal burns, which were allowed to heal spontaneously, deep dermal and subdermal burns treated by either early or late excision and skin grafting. Uninjured areas on the contralateral side served as control. In spontaneously healed superficial burns, the sensibility recovered to normal, except for touch. In deep dermal or subdermal burns all thresholds were significantly higher than in the corresponding control areas. There was no recovery beyond one month after the injury. The sensibility was better on the upper than on the lower extremities and also in deep dermal than in subdermal burns. There was no significant difference in sensibility between burns excised and grafted early or late, respectively.The results indicate that current treatment of deep dermal and subdermal burns is not followed by complete recovery of cutaneous sensation. Furthermore, even superficial burns results in incomplete recovery of touch sensibility.
Assessment of glucose metabolism in humans with the simultaneous use of indirect calorimetry and tracer techniques
Authors: Tappy L. , Paquot N. , Tounian P. , Schneiter P. , Jéquier E. 
Published: September 2010

Summary. Concomitant measurements of sytemic glucose delivery and carbohydrate oxidation are frequently performed in human investigations. Systemic glucose delivery (SGD) is usually determined using dilution of infused glucose tracers; net carbohydrate oxidation rate (net CHOox) can be calculated from respiratory gas exchanges and urinary nitrogen excretion (indirect calorimetry); alternatively, glucose oxidation can be measured from labelled CO2 production during infusion of carbon‐labelled glucose tracers. In this paper, the theory underlying the use of each of these techniques is briefly reviewed and qualitative differences are outlined.SGD represents the sum of hepatic glucogenolysis, gluconeogenesis from amino acids or glycerol, and, according to the glucose tracer used, glucose cycles (glucose‐phosphate cycle, fructose‐phosphate cycle, Cori and glucose‐alanine cycles); systemic delivery of exogenous glucose after oral or i. v. glucose administration is also measured. Net CHOox represents oxidation of glucose arising from hepatic or muscle glycogen or from exogenous glucose; it does not take into account oxidation of glucose formed from amino acids or glycerol, which is included in net protein or lipid oxidation. In contrast, isotopic determination of glucose oxidation corresponds to oxidation of glucose originating from hepatic glycogen breakdown, of exogenously administered glucose, and of glucose formed from amino acids and glycerol. Non‐oxidative glucose disposal, calculated as SGD‐net CHCox, corresponds to the sum of gluconeogenesis from amino acids or glycerol (which are included in net protein and lipid oxidation), glucose cycles, and glycogen synthesis.
Recycling Modernity: Waste and Environmental History
Authors: Cooper Tim 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this article, I discuss some of the questions that arise for environmental historians from recent historical and theoretical studies of waste. This article is not an attempt to methodically review the entire corpus of work on waste within the social sciences and humanities. Rather I seek to draw attention to the ways in which waste constitutes an important problem for environmental history in particular. The article is in four sections. The first two deal with conceptual approaches to waste that are presently popular and draws an analytical distinction between waste and dirt, terms that are often collapsed into one another but which, when kept distinct, can do more useful work. The third and fourth sections discuss present historical treatments of waste, their capacities and limitations, before I mark out possible ways in which historians can take seriously the analytical distinctiveness of ‘waste’.
Population‐Based Study of Cesarean Section After In Vitro Fertilization in Australia
Authors: Sullivan Elizabeth A. , Chapman Michael G. , Wang Yueping A. , Adamson G. David 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Background:  Decisions about method of birth should be evidence based. In Australia, the rising rate of cesarean section has not been limited to births after spontaneous conception. This study aimed to investigate cesarean section among women giving birth after in vitro fertilization (IVF).Methods:  Retrospective population‐based study was conducted using national registry data on IVF treatment. The study included 17,019 women who underwent IVF treatment during 2003 to 2005 and a national comparison population of women who gave birth in Australia. The outcome measure was cesarean section.Results:  Crude rate of cesarean section was 50.1 percent versus 28.9 percent for all other births. Single embryo transfer was associated with the lowest (40.7%) rate of cesarean section. Donor status and twin gestation were associated with significantly higher rates of cesarean section (autologous, 49.0% vs donor, 74.9%; AOR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.80, 2.69) and (singleton, 45.0% vs twin gestations, 75.7%; AOR: 3.81, 95% CI: 3.46, 4.20). The gestation‐specific rate (60.1%) of cesarean section peaked at 38 weeks for singleton term pregnancies. Compared with other women, cesarean section rates for assisted reproductive technology term singletons (27.8% vs 43.8%, OR: 2.02 [95% CI: 1.95–2.10]) and twins (62.0% vs 75.7%, OR: 1.92 [95% CI: 1.74–2.11]) were significantly higher.Conclusions:  Rates for cesarean section appear to be disproportionately high in term singleton births after assisted reproductive technology. Vaginal birth should be supported and the indications for cesarean section evidence based. (BIRTH 37:3 September 2010)