bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of the adjunctive bupropion on male sexual dysfunction induced by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor: a double‐blind placebo‐controlled and randomized study
Authors: Safarinejad Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2010

Study Type – Therapy (RCT) Level of Evidence 1bOBJECTIVETo determine the safety and efficacy of adjunctive bupropion sustained‐release (SR) on male sexual dysfunction (SD) induced by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), as SD is a common side‐effect of SSRIs and the most effective treatments have yet to be determined.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe randomized sample consisted of 234 euthymic men who were receiving some type of SSRI. The men were randomly assigned to bupropion SR (150 mg twice daily, 117) or placebo (twice daily, 117) for 12 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated using the Clinical Global Impression‐Sexual Function (CGI‐SF; the primary outcome measure), the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX), and Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) (secondary outcome measures). Participants were followed biweekly during study period.RESULTSAfter 12 weeks of treatment, the mean (sd) scores for CGI‐SF were significantly lower, i.e. better, in patients on bupropion SR, at 2.4 (1.2), than in the placebo group, at 3.9 (1.1) (P= 0.01). Men who received bupropion had a significant increase in the total IIEF score (54.4% vs 1.2%; P= 0.003), and in the five different domains of the IIEF. Total ASEX scores were significantly lower, i.e. better, among men who received bupropion than placebo, at 15.5 (4.3) vs 21.5 (4.7) (P= 0.002). The EDITS scores were 67.4 (10.2) for the bupropion and 36.3 (11.7) for the placebo group (P= 0.001). The ASEX score and CGI‐SF score were correlated (P= 0.003). In linear regression analyses the CGI‐SF score was not affected significantly by the duration of SD, type of SSRI used and age.CONCLUSIONSBupropion is an effective treatment for male SD induced by SSRIs. These results provide empirical support for conducting a further study of bupropion.
Should experienced open prostatic surgeons convert to robotic surgery? The real learning curve for one surgeon over 3 years
Authors: Doumerc Nicolas , Yuen Carlo , Savdie Richard , Rahman M. Bayzidur , Rasiah Kris K. , Pe Benito Ruth , Delprado Warick , Matthews Jayne , Haynes Anne‐maree , Stricker Phillip D. 
Published: January 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo critically analyse the learning curve for one experienced open surgeon converting to robotic surgery for radical prostatectomy (RP).PATIENTS AND METHODSFrom February 2006 to December 2008, 502 patients had retropubic RP (RRP) while concurrently 212 had robot‐assisted laparoscopic RP (RALP) by one urologist. We prospectively compared the baseline patient and tumour characteristics, variables during and after RP, histopathological features and early urinary functional outcomes in the two groups.RESULTSThe patients in both groups were similar in age, preoperative prostate‐specific antigen level, and prostatic volume. However, there were more high‐stage (T2b and T3, P= 0.02) and ‐grade (Gleason 9, P= 0.01) tumours in the RRP group. The mean (range) operative duration was 147 (75–330) min for RRP and 192 (119–525) min for RALP (P < 0.001); 110 cases were required to achieve ‘3‐h proficiency’. Major complication rates were 1.8% and 0.8% for RALP and RRP, respectively. The overall positive surgical margin (PSM) rate was 21.2% in the RALP and 16.7% in the RRP group (P= 0.18). PSM rates for pT2 were comparable (11.6% vs 10.1%, P= 0.74). pT3 PSM rates were higher for RALP than RRP (40.5% vs 28.8%, P= 0.004). The learning curve started to plateau in the overall PSM rate after 150 cases. For the pT2 and pT3 PSM rates, the learning curve tended to flatten after 140 and 170 cases, respectively. The early continence rates were comparable (P= 0.07) but showed a statistically significant improvement after 200 cases.CONCLUSIONSOur analysis of the learning curve has shown that certain components of the curve for an experienced open surgeon transferring skills to the robotic platform take different times. We suggest that patient selection is guided by these milestones, to maximize oncological outcomes.
Effect of prostate size on pathological outcome and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: is it correlated with serum testosterone level?
Authors: Kwon Taekmin , Jeong In Gab , You Dalsan , Park Myung‐Chan , Hong Jun Hyuk , Ahn Hanjong , Kim Choung‐Soo 
Published: January 2010

Study Type – Prognosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo examine whether prostate size is associated with pathological outcome and biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with prostate cancer, and to evaluate whether it is correlated with serum testosterone level.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe study comprised 579 men treated with RP for prostate cancer between June 1991 and March 2008, with a prostate‐specific antigen level of <20 ng/mL. We assessed the associations of prostate size (volume), measured using magnetic resonance imaging, and serum testosterone concentration, with adverse pathological outcomes and BCR.RESULTSThere was a positive correlation between preoperative prostate volume and prostate weight (r= 0.685, P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, prostate volume was inversely associated with the outcomes of high‐grade prostate cancer (P= 0.044), extracapsular extension (P= 0.011) and BCR (P= 0.016). There was also a positive correlation between serum testosterone level and prostate volume (r= 0.136, P= 0.043). Multivariate analysis showed that lower serum testosterone levels correlated with adverse pathological stage and a pathological Gleason score of ≥8 (P= 0.042). However, there was no relationship between serum testosterone level and BCR after adjusting for covariates.CONCLUSIONSMen with smaller prostates had unfavourable pathological findings and were at greater risk of progression after RP. Low serum testosterone levels were not associated with tumour progression. Therefore, another mechanism, aside from hormonal factors, might be involved in unfavourable outcomes in patients with a small prostate.
Range shifts and species diversity in marine ecosystem engineers: patterns and predictions for European sedimentary habitats
Authors: Berke Sarah K. , Mahon Andrew R. , Lima Fernando P. , Halanych Kenneth M. , Wethey David S. , Woodin Sarah A. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTAim  Ecosystem engineering polychaetes in the genus Diopatra are undergoing range shifts in western Europe. Here we: (1) assess the species diversity underlying these shifts; (2) link biogeographic patterns to sea surface temperature patterns; and (3) predict possible ecosystem‐level outcomes of Diopatra's northward expansion.Location  Western Europe.Methods  We use molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence to assess species diversity and biogeographic ranges. Using regression tree analyses, we assess thermal limits for two Diopatra species. We compare biogeographic patterns with historical sea surface temperature patterns to draw links between range shifts and climate change. Finally, we review published data to predict potential ecological changes as Diopatra invades new habitats.Results  The native Diopatra neapolitana range has contracted 130 km to the south. A cryptogenic species, Diopatra sp. A, has extended the northern limit of the genus 350 km to the southern Brittany Peninsula. Both shifts can be explained by historical sea surface temperature anomalies. The Diopatra sp. A expansion is predicted to continue into the English Channel and the North Sea, introducing large tube structures to sheltered sedimentary habitats that currently lack such structures.Main conclusions  As climate change intensifies, the sediment‐stabilizing Diopatra sp. A will invade habitats dominated by the bioturbating lugworm Arenicola marina. The resulting interaction between functionally different ecosystem engineers will probably cause ecological changes in northern European coastal waters. Existing data for Diopatra species and arenicolids suggest that the diversity and biomass of macroalgae, vascular plants, infauna and epibenthic fauna may increase, while microbial activity may decrease. Net changes in productivity will depend on the relative rates of these changes.
DELETE‐2 AND DELETE‐3 JACKKNIFE PROCEDURES FOR UNMASKING IN REGRESSION
Authors: Martin Michael A. , Roberts Steven , Zheng Letian 
Published: January 2010

SummarySingle‐case deletion regression diagnostics have been used widely to discover unusual data points, but such approaches can fail in the presence of multiple unusual data points and as a result of masking. We propose a new approach to the use of single‐case deletion diagnostics that involves applying these diagnostics to delete‐2 and delete‐3 jackknife replicates of the data, and considering the percentage of times among these replicates that points are flagged as unusual as an indicator of their influence. By considering replicates that exclude certain collections of points, subtle masking effects can be uncovered.
Friendship and Delinquency: Selection and Influence Processes in Early Adolescence
Authors: Knecht Andrea , Snijders Tom A. B. , Baerveldt Chris , Steglich Christian E. G. , Raub Werner 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPositive association of relevant characteristics is a widespread pattern among adolescent friends. A positive association may be caused by the selection of similar others as friends and by the deselection of dissimilar ones, but also by influence processes where friends adjust their behavior to each other. Social control theory argues that adolescents select each other as friends based on delinquency. Differential association theory, on the other hand, argues that adolescent friends influence each other's delinquency levels. We employ new statistical methods for assessing the empirical evidence for either process while controlling for the other process. These methods are based on ‘actor‐oriented’ stochastic simulation models. We analyze longitudinal data on friendship networks and delinquent behavior collected in four waves of 544 students in 21 first‐grade classrooms of Dutch secondary schools. Results indicate that adolescents select others as friends who have a similar level of delinquency compared with their own level. Estimates of the social influence parameters are not significant. The results are consistent with social control theory but provide no support for differential association theory.
The ‘Dole or Drudgery’ Dilemma: Education, the Work Ethic and Unemployment
Authors: Dunn Andrew 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBefore the recession, Labour ministers claimed that much unemployment in the UK was voluntary. While social policy authors have repeatedly countered such claims by stressing that unemployed people generally possess a strong work ethic and employment commitment, their accounts typically neglect the role that choosiness in job search behaviour plays in deciding individuals' employment status. Fifty in‐depth interviews with both unemployed and employed respondents exposed considerable diversity in attitudes towards ‘dole’ (being unemployed and claiming unemployment benefits) and ‘drudgery’ (doing less attractive jobs). The more educated were more likely to prefer ‘dole’ to ‘drudgery’ (this was also found using National Child Development Study survey data), yet they usually found jobs despite their greater choosiness. Those with very low educational attainment often desperately wanted jobs but could not find them due to their low employability – which might offer an explanation for the often replicated (yet paradoxical) finding that unemployed people generally exhibit a strong work ethic and pro‐employment attitudes and behaviours. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the scope for many Jobseeker's Allowance claimants to increase their net income by undertaking an unattractive job is greater than social policy authors often imply. The question of ‘who must do the least attractive jobs?’ has been neglected by both social policy academics and policy‐makers.
Catholicism, Job Security Regulations and Female Employment: A Micro‐level Analysis of Esping‐Andersen's Social Catholicism Thesis
Authors: Emmenegger Patrick 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article explores the religious roots of job security regulations in Western democracies by putting Esping‐Andersen's famous social Catholicism thesis to the test. Esping‐Andersen argues that due to religious socialization, Catholics exhibit more conservative family values, i.e. they tend to support the male breadwinner model. To sustain this model of family organization, Catholics are expected to support job security regulations. These regulations have been described in the literature as important determinants of gender‐segregated labour markets and low female employment rates. Data from this article show that while Catholics indeed support more conservative family models, so do Reformed Protestants and religious persons in general. Furthermore, no relationship between religious denomination and preferences for job security regulations can be observed. The analysis thus refutes Esping‐Andersen's social Catholicism thesis.
Situational Crime Prevention and Its Discontents: Rational Choice and Harm Reduction versus ‘Cultural Criminology’
Authors: Farrell Graham 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this journal, in 2007, Keith Hayward criticized situational crime prevention (SCP) and rational choice. The main thesis was that SCP cannot tackle expressive crimes of anger, hostility and excitement. The secondary thesis was that this was because the rational choice perspective cannot account for intangible aspects of offender decision‐making. Hayward's cultural criminology was offered as better explaining expressive and other crimes. The present article suggests fundamental issues may have been overlooked. Some of the many ways SCP applies to expressive and irrational crimes, and how readily they fit into the choice framework, are outlined, and a preliminary critique of Hayward's cultural criminology is offered.
Older People's Family Contacts and Long‐term Care Expenditure in OECD Countries: A Comparative Approach Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Haynes Philip , Hill Michael , Banks Laura 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn recent decades there has been a suggestion that public and private long‐term care (LTC) expenditure might be replacing traditional family care for older people. The decline of family contact is known to be more advanced in some OECD countries than others, with southern Europe identified as where family contact is still strong. This article explores at a country level whether there is an association between levels of expenditure on long‐term care and the availability of family contacts. Qualitative Comparative Analysis is used as a comparative method, so as to use national quantitative indicators with a small sample of countries. An association between higher levels of family contact and lower levels of expenditure on LTC is suggested, but it is weakened by a number of untypical cases. Countries that defy this relationship have government care policies that seek to promote informal social care through the family contact that continues to be available. Austria, Canada, Great Britain and Japan are discussed in this context.
Shooting the past? The modernisation of Conservative Party employment relations policy under David Cameron
Authors: Williams Steve , Scott Peter 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTDrawing on secondary data sources, the Conservative Party's efforts to modernise its approach to employment relations matters are discussed and critically scrutinised. Policy innovations are likely to be undermined by their mutual inconsistency with pervasive neoliberal, Eurosceptic and anti‐union values, indicating that on balance, any modernisation will be limited.
Disaffection with trade unions in China: some evidence from SOEs in the auto industry
Authors: Nichols Theo , Zhao Wei 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTDespite the growing research into China's industrial relations system there is remarkably little research into how China's workers regard their trade union. This article draws on over 500 interviews conducted in three SOEs in the auto industry in Hubei Province to examine this question.
Understanding organising activity among US national unions
Authors: Fiorito Jack , Jarley Paul 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIt is well known that US aggregate union election activity under the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) has fallen for several years. It is also well known that NLRB win rates have increased moderately during the Sweeney era relative to the later part of the Kirkland years. This article sheds new light on organising activity and win rates, by examining these data on a national union basis. The results show that several unions, including most of the largest nationals, experienced both increases in organising activity and increased win rates for the period of 1999 to 2004 compared with the years 1990–95 (the end of the Kirkland era). While explanations of variations in inter‐union organising success remain elusive, understanding and building on the experience of these ‘resurging unions’ holds the promise of union renewal more generally.
ATF2 maintains a subset of neural progenitors through CBF1/Notch independent Hes‐1 expression and synergistically activates the expression of Hes‐1 in Notch‐dependent neural progenitors
Authors: Sanalkumar Rajendran , Indulekha Chandrasekharan Lalitha , Divya Thulasi Sheela , Divya Mundackal Sivaraman , Anto Ruby John , Vinod Balachandran , Vidyanand Sasidharan , Jagatha Balusamy , Venugopal Shalini , James Jackson 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 807–818.AbstractHes‐1 and Hes‐5 are downstream effectors of Notch signaling that are known to be involved in different aspects of neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Evidence has emerged that Hes‐1 expression can be regulated by alternate signaling pathways independent of canonical Notch/CBF1 interaction. This context‐dependent differential regulation of Hes‐1 expression in neural progenitor gains a lot of importance as it would help in its exponential expansion without the requirement of interaction from neighboring cells during development. Here, we have clearly demonstrated the existence of a population of neural progenitors with Notch/CBF1‐independent Hes‐1 expression in vitro. Further analysis demonstrated the role of FGF2 in activating Hes‐1 expression through the direct binding of ATF2, a JNK downstream target, on Hes‐1 promoter. This raises the possibility for the existence of two distinct populations of neural progenitors – one maintained by Hes‐1 expression exclusively through Notch‐independent mechanism and the other mediating Hes‐1 expression through both canonical Notch and FGF2‐ATF2 pathway. This alternative pathway will insure a constant expression of Hes‐1 even in the absence of canonical Notch intracellular domain‐mediated signaling, thereby maintaining a pool of proliferating neural progenitors required during development.
1‐Benzyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline binds with tubulin β, a substrate of parkin, and reduces its polyubiquitination
Authors: Kohta Ryuki , Kotake Yaichiro , Hosoya Takamitsu , Hiramatsu Toshiyuki , Otsubo Yuko , Koyama Hiroko , Hirokane Yuji , Yokoyama Yuichi , Ikeshoji Hirofumi , Oofusa Ken , Suzuki Masaaki , Ohta Shigeru 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 1291–1301.AbstractSubstances that mimic the actions of causative gene products of familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) are candidate as causative agents of idiopathic PD. 1‐Benzyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (1BnTIQ), an endogenous neurotoxin, is present at three times higher levels in CSF of PD patients than in CSF of control subjects. However, the mechanism of 1BnTIQ’s neurotoxicity is unclear. In this study, we tried to identify 1BnTIQ‐binding proteins by using a diazido‐functionalized 1BnTIQ analog, 1‐(3‐azido‐5‐azidomethylbenzyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline, designed and synthesized as a probe for radioisotope‐free photoaffinity labeling. One major photolabeled protein identified using this probe was tubulin β, which has been reported to be a substrate of parkin, a ubiquitin E3 ligase and a causative gene product of familial PD. Loss of function mutation of parkin is reported to result in loss of tubulin β ubiquitination. Therefore, we examined the effect of 1BnTIQ on ubiquitination of tubulin β. The polyubiquitinated tubulin β level in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells was reduced in the presence of 1BnTIQ, even at concentrations as low as those detected in parkinsonian CSF. In vitro ubiquitination assay gave similar results. It is suggested that 1BnTIQ has the same effect on tubulin ubiquitination as does mutant parkin in familial PD. Taken together, substances which reduce polyubiquitination of tubulin such as 1BnTIQ are supposed to be candidates of etiological factors of PD.
Diminishing Efficacy of Combination Therapy, Response‐Heterogeneity, and Treatment Intolerance Limit the Attainability of Tight Risk Factor Control in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Timbie Justin W. , Hayward Rodney A. , Vijan Sandeep 
Published: January 2010

Objective.To evaluate the attainability of tight risk factor control targets for three diabetes risk factors and to assess the degree of polypharmacy required.Data Sources/Study Setting.National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey‐III.Study Design.We simulated a strategy of “treating to targets,” exposing subjects to a battery of treatments until low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol (100 mg/dL), hemoglobin A1c (7 percent), and blood pressure (130/80 mm Hg) targets were achieved or until all treatments had been exhausted. Regimens included five statins of increasing potency, four A1c‐lowering therapies, and eight steps of antihypertensive therapy.Data Collection/Extraction Methods.We selected parameter estimates from placebo‐controlled trials and meta‐analyses.Principal Findings.Under ideal efficacy conditions, 77, 64, and 58 percent of subjects achieved the LDL, A1c, and blood pressure targets, respectively. Successful control depended highly on a subject's baseline number of treatments. Using the least favorable assumptions of treatment tolerance, success rates were 11–17 percentage points lower. Approximately 57 percent of subjects required five or more medication classes.Conclusions.A significant proportion of people with diabetes will fail to achieve targets despite using high doses of multiple, conventional treatments. These findings raise concerns about the feasibility and polypharmacy burden needed for tight risk factor control, and the use of measures of tight control to assess the quality of care for diabetes.