bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast protein liquid chromatography purification of hydrophobic fraction of bovine milk proteose-peptone and characterization by bidimensional electrophoresis
Authors: Girardet Jean-Michel , Mati Abderrahmane , Sanogo Tibogo , Etienne Luc , Linden Guy 
Published: June 2009

SummaryBovine milk Hydrophobic fraction of proteose-peptone was prepared by hydrophobic interaction fast protein liquid chromatography. This method has several advantages such as high rapidity, simple good reproducibility and less denaturation. The proteose-peptone was eluted from a TSK-Phenyl-5PW column with a 1 M-0 M ionic strength gradient of NaH2PO4, pH 6·8, using a 6 ml/min flow rate for 56 min. The quantity of protein injected was 62·5 mg; however, it could be increased up to 100 mg. The elution order wasβ-CN-4P < BSA (1·6% of total N) <β-CN-5P <β-CN-1P. The hydrophobic fraction was obtained in pure water at the end of the gradient (17·3% of total N). A proteose-peptone cartograph was achieved by bidimensional electrophoresis. This hydrophobic fraction represented three principal zones ofMr30000–28000, 19000 and 11000, which were respectively composed of 13, 4 and 2 principal spots distributed between 4·9 and 6·1 isoelectric points (IP). These spots corresponded to glycoproteins.·7, 5·0 and 5·1IP which migrated toMr18000 whileβ-CN-1P was identified asMr9000 in two spots of 5·1 and 5·3 IP.
Influence of concentration of milk solids on the dissociation of micellar κ-casein on heating reconstituted milk at 120°C
Authors: Singh Harjinder , Creamer Lawrence K. 
Published: June 2009

SummarySkim milks were prepared from skim milk powder at several concentrations between 10 and 25% total solids and portions were pH-adjusted to between pH 6·3 and 7·1 and heated at 120°C. After ultracentrifugation (88000 g for 90 min), the supernatants were analysed using gel electrophoresis to determine the concentrations of β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin and κ-casein. The dissociation of κ-casein from the micelles was dependent on both the pH and the total solids content of milk before heating. Both higher pH (in the range 6·5–7·l) and higher concentration increased the extent of dissociation. A further series of samples were heated for 2–11 min at 120°C at pH 6·55. κ-Casein dissociation increased with concentration and with heating time. It was concluded that as the milk increased in concentration, the pH at which micellar κ-casein dissociated on heating was lowered.
Staphylococci in heifer mastitis before and after parturition
Authors: Myllys Vesa 
Published: June 2009

SummaryAseptic udder quarter secretion samples (n = 1112) from 200 mastitic and 65 non-mastitic control heifers from 160 different farms were collected for bacteriological examination and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most frequently isolated bacteria (57·8%). The percentage of Staphylococcus aureus was 20·1, of streptococci 11·3 and of other pathogens 10·8. Staph. simulans, Staph. hyicus, Staph. xylosus and Staph. chromogenes were the most common CNS. Staph. simulans and Staph. hyicus were most frequently found in clinical samples after parturition, whereas other CNS were equally or more often found in control samples. Most CNS infections detected in the prepartum period were eliminated spontaneously or with antibiotic treatment during early lactation, but the infected quarters were more susceptible to new infection by other pathogens. Milk N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase activities were measured to monitor changes in inflammation. Among the CNS infections, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase activities were highest for Staph. hyicus and lowest for Staph. xylosus in the lactating mammary gland of heifers. CNS were resistant to trimethoprim–sulphonamide, ampicillin and erythromycin. Staph. aureus was more resistant than CNS to β-lactamase-sensitive penicillins.
Monospecificity of the antibodies to bovine αs1-casein fragment 140–149: application to the detection of bovine milk in caprine dairy products
Authors: Rolland Marie-Paule , Bitri Lotfi , Besançon Pierre 
Published: June 2009

SUMMARYComparison of the primary sequences of bovine, ovine and caprine αs1-casein shows a deletion of eight amino acid residues in the ovine casein region 141–148, which is identical in the bovine and caprine proteins except for a single difference in position 148 (Q or E). Polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits against the bovine casein sequence 140–149 (QELAYFYPEL) appeared monospecific for bovine αsl-casein, since no antibody-antigen complex was formed with homologous ovine or caprine proteins. These antibodies remained unable to recognize the caprine sequence in the native protein even after extensive tryptic proteolysis. The lack of immunoreactivity of the antibodies against synthetic caprine αsl-casein peptide 138–149 (VNQELAYFYPQL) suggested that the glutamic acid residue in position 148 is essential for the antigenic character of the bovine peptide. From these observations, the use of these antibodies for the detection and quantitation of bovine milk present in ovine dairy products could be extended to caprine products.
Institutional versus Individual Investment in IPOs: The Importance of Firm Fundamentals
Authors: Field Laura Casares , Lowry Michelle 
Published: June 2009

AbstractConsistent with institutions having an advantage over individuals, we find that newly public firms with the highest levels of institutional investment significantly outperform those with the lowest levels. While prior literature has attributed much of institutions’ higher returns around various corporate events to private information, we find that much of the difference simply reflects better interpretation of readily available public information. Individuals disproportionately invest in the types of firms that earn significantly lower abnormal returns over the long run. Individuals either disregard or misinterpret the relevance of readily available public information, and as a result, they bear the brunt of IPO underperformance.
Sudden Deaths: Taking Stock of Geographic Ties
Authors: Faccio Mara , Parsley David C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAnalysis of a worldwide sample of sudden deaths of politicians reveals a market-adjusted 1.7% decline in the value of companies headquartered in the politician's hometown. The decline in value is followed by a drop in the rate of growth in sales and access to credit. Our results are particularly pronounced for family firms, firms with high growth prospects, firms in industries over which the politician has jurisdiction, and firms headquartered in highly corrupt countries.
Different levels ofSchistosoma mansoniinfection induce changes in drug-metabolizing enzymes
Authors: Sheweita S.A. , Mangoura S.A. , El-Shemi A.G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMost carcinogens and xenobiotics are metabolized primarily by the mixed function oxidase system which includes cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5, NADPH-cytochromecreductase and aryl hydrocarbon [benzo(a)pyrene] hydroxylase. The present study investigates the influence of infection with different levels ofSchistosorna mansonicercariae on the hepatic levels of reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase in addition to the enzymes of mixed function oxidase. Cercariae infection levels of 60, 120, 180, 300 and 600 per mouse increased: (i) the hepatic content of cytochrome P450 by 27%, 38%, 72%, 57%, 48% respectively; (ii) the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity by 44%, 64%, 76%, 90%, 51% respectively; and (iii) the hepatic level of reduced glutathione by 67%, 83%, 103%, 60%, 38% respectively. The cytochrome b5content did not change at the lowest level of infection but increased at the other four levels by 45%, 76%, 49% and 38% respectively. The activity of glutathione S-transferase increased at the first three levels by 42%, 40%, 27% respectively and decreased at the last two levels by 28% and 52% respectively. On the other hand, the activity of glutathione reductase did not change at any level, whereas, NADPH-cytochromecreductase activity decreased at the last two levels by 44% and 54%. The alterations in the activities of phase I & II of drug-metabolizing enzymes as a result of infection with different levels ofS. mansonimay thus change the liver's capacity to detoxify many endogenous compounds and may also potentiate the deleterious effects of aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. benzo(a)pyrene, upon the liver and probably other organs. Such alterations may also change the therapeutic actions of drugs that are primarily metabolized by the P450 system, when administered to patients with schistosomiasis.
Determination of the earliest appearance and peak count of microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi after taking a single dose of diethylcarbamazine at noon
Authors: Fan P.C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSix nocturnal microfilarial carriers (three with Wuchereria bancrofti and three with Brugia malayi) from mainland China were selected to determine the earliest appearance and peak count of microfilariae (mf) administration of DEC at noon. Before diethylcarbamazine (DEC) administration, blood samples of 60μl were obtained by finger-prick at 2 h intervals for 24 h. A blood sample was then taken just before each carrier intaking 100 mg, 150 mg or 200 mg of DEC orally at noon. After drug administration, blood samples were obtained at 45 and 60 sec and at 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90 and 120 min. Samples were then taken at 2 h intervals for the next 2 h and at 6 h intervals for the next 7 days. Both W. bancrofti and B. malayi showed typical nocturnal periodicity. One mf was first detected in the peripheral blood 45 sec in a mf. carrier. The mf peak counts were found 1–40 min after DEC administration at noon. The nocturnal cycle was distributed during the first two days after DEC administration. It became regular with a much lower peak count by the third day after administration. The results of the present study indicate that the provocative effect of DEC on the mf is very fast; the first appearance in the peripheral blood vessels could be under 45 sec.
Histochemical localization of key glycolytic and related enzymes in adultOnchocerca fasciata
Authors: Omar M.S. , Raoof A.M.S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe activities of some key enzymes of the glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways were investigated histochemically in adult femaleOnchocerca fasciata(Nematoda: Filarioidea). The distribution patterns of phosphofructokinase (PFK), aldolase (ALD), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in different tissues of the worm were determined by employing NitroBlue Tetrazolium (NBT). The glycolytic enzymes PFK, ALD, and G3PDH were distributed throughout the hypodermal tissue, somatic muscles and reproductive organs. These enzyme activities were predominantly expressed in the hypodermal and reproductive tissues, both of which appeared to be metabolically more active than adjacent tissues. The high activities of the enzymes studied in the hypodermal tissue when compared with the minimal or low activity in the intestinal epithelium support the assumption that the worm's intestine, in contrast to the body wall, plays no significant role in the nutrient acquisition process. The results emphasize that both the glycolytic and hexose monophosphate pathways of carbohydrate metabolism are active components in energy production and biosynthetic processes in the various tissues of the worm. The functional significance of these glucose-metabolizing enzymes has been discussed with regard to their location in the tissues concerned.
On the Parasitic Development of Monodontus Trigonocephalus, the Sheep Hookworm
Authors: Cameron Thomas W.M. 
Published: June 2009

A certain amount of confusion still exists as to the terminology to be adopted in discussing the various stages in the life cycle of the nematoda. This appears to be largely due to a difference of opinion as to the termination of each stage.After a larva has reached a certain size, it commences to change in form and completes this process by shedding its cuticle. This change in form is the lethargus. It may or may not immediately escape from the cast cuticle, but when it does, the ecdysis is complete. The form which emerges is morphologically identical with the form inside the cuticle after the completion of the lethargus.This accordingly gives a double choice as to the exact end of the stage. It may be during the lethargus, when the morphology of the form is changing, or it may be at the moment when the larva leaves the cast cuticle. The interval between these periods is slight in some cases but is considerable in the case of the infective stage. As the physiological end of the stage seems to coincide with the lethargus, I have accordingly based my nomenclature on it.
Some Helminth Parasites from Partridges and other English Birds.
Authors: Clapham Phyllis A. 
Published: June 2009

Summary1. Examinations for helminths have been made on 380 English partridges (Perdix perdix), 6 Red Leg partridges (Alectoris rufa), 12 pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), 3 quails (Coturnix coturnix) and 7 grouse (Lagopus scoticus).2. From Perdix perdix 6 species of nematodes and 9 cestodes were recovered. Seven of these, C. retusa, D. proglottina, H. carioca, H. anatina, H. phasianina, R. echinobothrida and R. tetragona are recorded for the first time from this host.3. From Alectoris rufa were obtained 4 species of helminths, none of which had been recorded from it before. They are T. tenuis, S. trachea, H. gallinae and H. phasianina.4. From Phasianus colchicus 3 species were obtained. They were all nematodes. From Lagopus scoticus, 2 species of cestodes and one nematode, all of which had been found in these hosts before.5. A new cestode infestation, Metroliasthes lucida, was noted in the quail (Coturnix coturnix).
On a Redescription of Brevicaecum niloticum McClelland, 1957 (Trematoda, Paramphistomidae), and the Erection of a New Subfamily
Authors: Khalil L. F. 
Published: June 2009

1. Brevicaecum niloticum McClelland, 1957 is redescribed and differences from the original description are pointed out.2. The characters of the genus Brevicaecum are amended.3. A new subfamily Brevicaecinae is erected for the genus Brevicaecum.
Field experiments on the Immunity of Lambs to Parasitic Gastritis caused by a mixed infection of Trichostrongylid Nematodes
Authors: Taylor E. L. 
Published: June 2009

Four lambs introduced to infective pasture early in life acquired an immunity to parasitic gastritis, the immunity being sufficiently strong to maintain them in good health under conditions of repeated reinfestation, heavy enough to lead to the death of ten lambs of a like age, but not so protected, within periods varying from weeks to weeks. At post-mortem examination the protected lambs were found to carry more worms than many of the lambs which died, although they had been observed to disseminate only one-thirteenth the number of eggs of some of those fatally affected. The infestation of individual lambs in the various groups showed marked differences, amounting in some instances to the presence of a large number of worms of one species in some lambs and the total absence of worms of that species from others.The observations lead to the following conclusions:—1. Lambs are able to acquire an immunity against parasitic gastritis powerful enough to protect them against a rate of reinfection at pasture that is sufficiently great to result in the death of unprotected lambs in less than seven weeks.2. This immunity operates against the acquiring of infection, but also in enabling the lambs to resist the injurious effects of the infection. Resistant animals may carry more parasites than are carried at the time of death by non-resistant animals.3. The immunity is acquired slowly and does not appear to become firmly established for 18 weeks. A gradually acquired infection leads to immunity while a quickly acquired infection leads to death where the final number of parasites is the same in both instances.4. The immunity is specific and operates more powerfully on N. fillicolis and H. contortus than on Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus and Cooperia.5. The immunity has an inhibitory influence on egg laying and on the development of young worms; the egg output of the worms may be reduced to one-thirteenth of the normal.6. There are marked differences in the reactions of individual lambs, instances of marked resistance and of marked susceptibility having been observed.7. The symptoms of parasitic gastritis are due to something more than the abstraction of blood by the worm.8. The part of immunity which inhibits the production of eggs by the parasites develops earlier than the resistance to the harmful effects of the infestation.
On Skrjabinotaenia cricetomydis n.sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalata) from the Gambian Pouched Rat, Nigeria
Authors: Hockley A. R. 
Published: June 2009

1. Skrjabinotaenia cricelomydis n.sp. is described from 18 specimens taken from Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse, near Ibadan, Nigeria.2. Apolytic proglottides are described and also some details of development of the eggs.3. Details of the anatomy are given and their significance in deciding the relationship with other genera and species is discussed.4. The regrouping of a number of species into the genus Skrjabinotaenia is proposed.5. The diagnostic features of the genera Catenotaenia and Skrjabinotaenia are restated.
Elongoparorchis pneumatis gen. et sp. nov. (Trematoda) from the Air-bladder of the Marine Catfish, Arius jella (Val.)
Authors: Rao K. Hanumantha 
Published: June 2009

1. A new genus and species of Isoparorchiidae Poche, 1926, is described from the air-bladder of the marine catfish, Anus jella (Val.), caught off the coast of Waltair, India. The new fluke is named Elongoparorchis pneumatis.2. The new genus Elongoparorchis bears a superficial resemblance to the genus Isoparorchis Southwell, 1913, but differs appreciably in the structure of the testes, the ovary and the vitellaria to warrant the separation.
OnDermatoxys hispaniensisn.sp. (Nematoda: Oxyuridea), fromOryctolagus cuniculusandLepus timidusof Spain
Authors: Vicente F. Simon 
Published: June 2009

Dermatoxys hispaniensisn.sp., collected from the intestine of hares and wild rabbits is described, and details are given of the cephalic anatomy. As far as our knowledge goes, this is the first record ofDermatoxysin Spain and also in the leporine species of Europe.A key for identifying the species ofDermatoxysis provided, based on the available data.
Polyonchobothrium scleropagis n. sp. (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) from the Australian osteoglossid fish Scleropages leichardti Günther
Authors: Blair David 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTPolyonchobothrium scleropagis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) is described as a new species from the Australian osteoglossid fish Scleropages leichardti Günther.
Tapeworms of the Chaco Boreal, Paraguay, with two new species
Authors: Schmidt Gerald D. , Martin Robert L. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTMathevotaenia paraguayae sp. n. is described from Euphractus sexcinctus. It differs from M. didelphidis (Rud.) in having a transverse cirrus pouch anterior to the vagina. Monoecocestus mackiewiczi sp. n. was found in Phyllotis sp. It differs from M. parcitesticulatus Rego in having a much smaller scolex, a poral ovary, and a cirrus pouch 360 to 440 μm long. Other species reported are Taenia macrocystis, Taenia omissa, Spirometra mansonoides, Spirometra gracilis, Spirometra longicollis, Diphyllobothrium trinitatis, Atriotaenia parva, and Mathevotaenia tetragonocephala.
Paratrichosoma crocodilus n. gen. n. sp. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae) from the skin of the New Guinea crocodile
Authors: Ashford R. W. , Muller Ralph 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA new genus of nematode (Paratrichosoma crocodilus) is described from Crocodilus novaeguinae. Adults have typical trichuroid features but elongated stichocytes (over 1 mm in female). Males are one third to one half as long as females and have no spicule or sheath.
Immunization of sheep against Schistosoma bovis using an irradiated schistosomular vaccine
Authors: Taylor M. G. , James E. R. , Bickle Q. , Hussein M. F. , Andrews B. J. , Dobinson A. R. , Nelson G. S. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTS. bovis is an economically important parasite of cattle and possibly of sheep and other domestic stock in many African and Mediterranean countries. Control of this infection by chemotherapy and mollusciciding is impractical and this has stimulated interest in vaccination. Previous work in sheep with the Central and South African species S. mattheei has led to the development of an effective vaccine which incorporates irradiated schistosomula produced by artificial transformation of cercariae. In the present experiments a similar S. bovis vaccine has been used in sheep. Fifteen 5 month old Border Leicester × Suffolk crossbred wethers were divided into three groups, two were vaccinated with either 10000 or 20000 6 krad irradiated S. bovis schistosomula, and the third kept as unvaccinated controls. All sheep were challenged with 6700 normal S. bovis cercariae.Worm recoveries and tissue egg counts at necropsy showed that vaccination with 10000 irradiated schistosomula produced a reduction of 71% in the mean worm burden resulting from challenge of the controls and the mean densities of eggs in the tissues were reduced by 75–82%. Immunization with 20000 irradiated schistosomula was not more effective. Histopathological observations showed that both groups of vaccinated sheep had much milder lesions in the intestines than the non-vaccinated controls. There was also a clear reduction in the severity of liver lesions in 4 of the 5 sheep given the lower dose of irradiated schistosomula but the livers of sheep vaccinated with 20000 irradiated schistosomula had severe and widespread lesions due mainly to a massive accumulation of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells around the vessels.
Studies on the life cycle of Asymphylodora tincae (Modeer, 1790) (Trematoda: Monorchiidae) in a small lake near Amsterdam
Authors: van den Broek Elisabeth , de Jong Nienke 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAspects of the life cycle of Asymphylodora tincae have been studied in a small lake near Amsterdam. Bithynia tentaculata, being the only snail species that was very numerous in the lake, was the first as well as the main second intermediate host; adult trematodes were found exclusively in the tench, Tinca tinca. A small part of the cercariae that penetrate into B. tentaculata was able to develop into progenetic specimens. A morphological description is given of the following stages of A. tincae: adult, egg, redia, cercariaeum, metacercaria and progenetic stage. The cercariaeum is identified as Cercariaeum paludinae impurae De Filippi, 1854.It is concluded that A. tincae is a species, capable of large variation regarding both morphological structure (e.g. body spination, size) and life cycle.
Prevalence of Toxocara spp. eggs in some public grounds and highway rest areas in Kansas
Authors: Dada B. J. O. , Lindquist W. D. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTOut of a total of 282 soil samples obtained from public areas, 58 samples contained Toxocara spp. eggs. This gave an overall prevalence of 20.6%. Highway rest areas were contaminated and childrens sand boxes had the highest percentage of recovery of all.