bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinigung und Gewinnung des arom‐Aggregates von Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Bode R. , Kunze G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe five enzymes that catalyzing steps two through six in the prechorismate polyaromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway are physically associated and have been purified up to 400‐fold from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The native arom aggregate has a molecular weight of approx. 140,000–145,000 based on gel filtration, glycerol‐density‐gradient centrifugation, and polyacrylamide‐gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Similarities between the S. pombe arom aggregate and that of Neurospora crassa and Euglena gracilis are discussed.
Recombinogenic activity of nalidixic acid for artificial hybrids but not for natural strains of Candida albicans: Evidence for the monoploidy of natural strains
Authors: Sarachek A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNalidixic acid induces segregation of auxotrophs from prototrophic hybrids of Candida albicans artifically produced by fusing complementing auxotrophic protoplasts. The auxotrophies recovered are limited to those introduced through the fusion process, and patterns of segregations for linked auxotrophic markers demonstrate the segregants are products mitotic cossing‐over. Nalidixic acid does not induce auxotrophies of any sort in clinical isolates of C. albicans. These findings are contrary to a current hypothesis that natural strains of C. albicans are diploid and heterozygous for a variety of auxotrophic mutations.
Inhibition of fungal NADP+‐isocitrate dehydrogenase by citric acid
Authors: Agrawal P. K. , Bhatt C. S. , Viswanathan L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe variations observed during earlier studies in the activity of NADP+‐isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC. 1.1.1.42) in a strain of Aspergillus niger were found to be related to the extent of washing of mycelium. As a result the mycelium washed four times with phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 7.5), the enzyme activity present in 4 and 8 days old fungal mycelia increased five‐ and two‐fold, respectively.In vivo studies showed a complete loss of enzyme activity in mycelia resuspended in HCl‐KCl buffer (0.02 M, pH 2.2) containing citric acid (13 mM or more). The in vitro studies revealed 50% loss of enzyme activity in presence of 3.6 to 5.2 mM citric acid. However, in case of Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015, which produced less citric acid than the above strain, a much higher citric acid concentration (13 to 26 mM) was required to cause 50% loss of enzyme activity. These findings suggest a correlation between citric acid inhibition of NADP+‐isocitrate dehydrogenase and the ability of A. niger to accumulate citric acid in the medium.
Cyanide‐resistant respiration in Streptomyces citreofluorescens
Authors: Hänel F. , Gräfe U. , Trutko S. M. , Akimenko V. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe capacity of Streptomycetes to carry out cyanide‐resistant respiration was investigated. With the model strain, Streptomyces citreofluorescens, it was shown that deprivation of glucose followed by transition from exponential to stationary growth was coupled with declining sensitivity of cellular respiration to cyanide ions. Cyanide‐resistant oxidase is located within the cytoplasmic membrane. The occurrence of the cyanide‐resistant oxidase did not correspond to qualitative changes of cytochrome spectrum. Cytochrome d is involved neither in cyanide‐sensitive nor in cyanide‐resistant rspiratory chain.
Bioconversions of a macrolide glycoside by growing L‐form cells of Streptomyces hygroscopicus
Authors: Gräfe U. , Gumpert J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGrowing L‐form cells of Streptomyces hygroscopicus were shown to carry out 3‐0‐acylation and 14‐C‐hydroxylation of a macrolide glycoside suggesting that both types of bioconversion do neither require the intact cell wall nor the periplasmic space.
Methylosin A und B, Pigmente aus Methylosinus trichosporium
Authors: Strauss D. G. , Berger U. 
Published: July 2010

Screening for methanotrophic bacteria led to the isolation of a Methylosinus trichosporium strain which was characterized by the ability to produce a bright red‐violet pigment, which was found to be nearly insoluble in water. This communication reports on the formation, isolation, and purification of the pigment and its separation into the components methylosin A and B.By comparison of physico‐chemical parameters we identified the pigment as a prodiginine‐type compound. The chemical constitution of methylosin B was established. To our knowledge this is the first observation of prodiginine‐type compounds to be metabolites of methanotrophic bacteria.
Development of a fracture osteomyelitis model in the rat femur
Authors: Robinson Duane A. , Bechtold Joan E. , Carlson Cathy S. , Evans Richard B. , Conzemius Michael G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOsteomyelitis contributes significantly to fracture morbidity. Our objective was to develop a model of induced implant‐associated osteomyelitis following fracture repair by modifying an existing rat femur fracture model. Thirty male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups (Control, Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus + ceftriaxone). The closed femur fracture model (right femur), stabilized with an intramedullary pin, was combined with inoculation of 104 colony‐forming units (CFU) of S. aureus. Radiographs were obtained immediately after surgery and at weeks 1, 2, and 3 and were evaluated by individuals blinded to treatment group. At necropsy the CFU of S. aureus per femur and pin were determined and synovial tissue and blood were cultured. The fractured femur from two rats in each group was evaluated histologically. A statistically significant difference in the CFU/femur and CFU/pin was found across treatment groups, with the highest CFU in the S. aureus group and the lowest in the Control group. Cultures of synovial tissue were positive in 11/19 of inoculated limbs. Osteomyelitis was present both radiographically and histopathologically in both S. aureus groups but not in the controls. No rats were systemically ill or had positive blood cultures at the study endpoint. This model will be useful for the evaluation of treatments or prophylactics designed for use in implant‐associated osteomyelitis. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:131–137, 2011
The tribological properties of (quinazolin‐4‐ones)‐3‐methyl‐dibutyl borate as a novel additive in liquid paraffin
Authors: Ouyang Ping , Chen Guo Xu , Li Hua Feng , Zhao Li Tao 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn organic compound containing N, B and O was synthesised by reacting 3‐hydroxymethyl‐quinazolin‐4‐ones and formalin in 1, 4‐dioxane solution, the resulting product then being reacted with butanol and boric acid in dimethylbenzene solution. The tribological performance of the novel compound when added to liquid paraffin was evaluated using a four‐ball tester and a ring‐on‐block machine. The relationship between performance and concentration was analysed, and the results showed that the compound possesses good anti‐wear, friction‐reducing and load‐carrying properties. The mechanism of action of the additive was investigated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface analysis indicated the formation of a protective film containing borate, Fe3O4, and an organonitrogen compound. This protective film formed during sliding processes contributes to the increase in wear resistance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved rat steatotic and nonsteatotic liver preservation by the addition of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-I to University of Wisconsin solution
Authors: Zaouali Amine M. , Padrissa-Altés Susagna , Mosbah Ismail Ben , Alfany-Fernandez Izabel , Massip-Salcedo Marta , Casillas-Ramirez Araní , Bintanel-Morcillo María , Boillot Olivier , Serafin Anna , Rimola Antoni , Rodés Juan , Roselló-Catafau Joan , Peralta Carmen 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This study examined the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) supplementation to University of Wisconsin solution (UW) in steatotic and nonsteatotic livers during cold storage. Hepatic injury and function were evaluated in livers preserved for 24 hours at 4°C in UW and in UW with EGF and IGF-I (separately or in combination) and then perfused ex vivo for 2 hours at 37°C. AKT was inhibited pharmacologically. In addition, hepatic injury and survival were evaluated in recipients who underwent transplantation with steatotic and nonsteatotic livers preserved for 6 hours in UW and UW with EGF and IGF-I (separately or in combination). The results, based on isolated perfused liver, indicated that the addition of EGF and IGF-I (separately or in combination) to UW reduced hepatic injury and improved function in both liver types. A combination of EGF and IGF-I resulted in hepatic injury and function parameters in both liver types similar to those obtained by EGF and IGF-I separately. EGF increased IGF-I, and both additives up-regulated AKT in both liver types. This was associated with glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) inhibition in nonsteatotic livers and PPARγ overexpression in steatotic livers. When AKT was inhibited, the effects of EGF and IGF-I on GSK3β, PPARγ, hepatic injury and function disappeared. The benefits of EGF and IGF-I as additives in UW solution were also clearly seen in the liver transplantation model, because the presence of EGF and IGF-I (separately or in combination) in UW solution reduced hepatic injury and improved survival in recipients who underwent transplantation with steatotic and nonsteatotic liver grafts. In conclusion, EGF and IGF-I may constitute new additives to UW solution in steatotic and nonsteatotic liver preservation, whereas a combination of both seems unnecessary. Liver Transpl 16:1098-1111, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
Tuning Cell Adhesion by Incorporation of Charged Silicate Nanoparticles as Cross‐Linkers to Polyethylene Oxide
Authors: Schexnailder Patrick J. , Gaharwar Akhilesh K. , Bartlett II Rush L. , Seal Brandon L. , Schmidt Gudrun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractControlling cell adhesion on a biomaterial surface is associated with the long‐term efficacy of an implanted material. Here we connect the material properties of nanocomposite films made from PEO physically cross‐linked with layered silicate nanoparticles (Laponite) to cellular adhesion. Fibroblast cells do not adhere to pure PEO, but they attach to silicate containing nanocomposites. Under aqueous conditions, the films swell and the degree of swelling depends on the nanocomposite composition and film structure. Higher PEO compositions do not support cell proliferation due to little exposed silicate surfaces. Higher silicate compositions do allow significant cell proliferation and spreading. These bio‐nanocomposites have potential for the development of biomedical materials that can control cellular adhesion.magnified image
Fibrinogen Adsorption on Biomaterials – A Numerical Study
Authors: Siegismund Daniel , Keller Thomas F. , Jandt Klaus D. , Rettenmayr Markus 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA model for the adsorption of fibrinogen or, in general, non‐globular shaped proteins on solid surfaces are presented. Two‐dimensional cellular automata simulations of the adsorption of fibrinogen on two different surfaces were performed. The model includes mass transfer toward the surface, adsorption of fibrinogen molecules, and surface diffusion mechanisms for both fibrinogen molecules and clusters. We show that the major physical processes are represented in the recent model. Particularly, the influence of the surface hydrophobicity on the behavior of fibrinogen. Atomic force microscopy images of fibrinogen adsorption on Si model surfaces with different hydrophobicity are compared to the results.magnified image
New Carbazole‐Based Hyperbranched Conjugated Polymer with Good Hole‐Transporting Properties
Authors: Li Zhong'an , Jiang Zuoquan , Qiu Guofu , Wu Wenbo , Yu Gui , Liu Yunqi , Qin Jingui , Li Zhen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed Ullmann C–N coupling reaction was used for the preparation of a new carbazole‐based HPU in good yield with a high molecular weight through a facile “AB2 + A2 + B2”‐type approach. The HPU exhibited good solubility, high thermal stability with a Tg of 196 °C, as well as a suitable HOMO level for good hole injection and transporting properties. A two‐layer OLED device, using HPU as hole‐transporting layer (HTL) and Alq3 as the light‐emitting layer, was fabricated to investigate the hole‐transporting properties of HPU. The luminance efficiency reached 1.14 cd · A−1 at the maximum current density of 1 240 mA · cm−2, while the maximum luminance efficiency was 1.65 cd · A−1, indicating the high morphological and thermal stability of HPU.magnified image
Plastic Transmissive Infrared Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Holt Amanda L. , Wehner Justin G.A. , Hammp Andreas , Morse Daniel E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPoly(3‐hexyl thiophene) was used to build a thin‐layer, electrically switchable infrared shutter. Electrochromic materials are typically studied in the visible, whereas we focused on P3HT electrochromic behavior in the infrared where morphology changes may have greater impact. Devices were fabricated on ITO‐coated silicon and germanium and their performance was characterized in the mid infrared (2–6 µm). Thicker polymer films increased device switching time and did not improve optical contrast. Choice of salt in the electrolyte significantly affects switching dynamics and salt concentrations affect maximum optical contrast. These results are potentially important for the integration of polymer technology into infrared imaging and detection applications.magnified image
Rigorous Free Energy Calculations in Structure‐Based Drug Design
Authors: Michel Julien , Foloppe Nicolas , Essex Jonathan W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStructure‐based drug design could benefit greatly from computational methodologies that accurately predict the binding affinity of small compounds to target biomolecules. However, the current scoring functions used to rank compounds in virtual screens by docking are not sufficiently accurate to guide reliably the design of tight binding ligands. Thus, there is strong interest in methodologies based on molecular simulations of protein‐ligand complexes which are perceived to be more accurate and, with advances in computing power, amenable to routine use. This report provides an overview of the technical details necessary to understand, execute and analyze binding free energy calculations, using free energy perturbation or thermodynamic integration methods. Examples of possible applications in structure‐based drug design are discussed. Current methodological limitations are highlighted as well as a number of ongoing developments to improve the scope, reliability, and practicalities of free energy calculations. These efforts are paving the way for a more common use of free energy calculations in molecular design.
Improved renal perfusion measurement with a dual navigator‐gated Q2TIPS fair technique
Authors: Song Ruitian , Loeffler Ralf B. , Hillenbrand Claudia M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA dual navigator‐gated, flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) true fast imaging with steady precession (True‐FISP) sequence has been developed for accurate quantification of renal perfusion. FAIR methods typically overestimate renal perfusion when respiratory motion causes the inversion slice to move away from the imaging slice, which then incorporates unlabeled spins from static tissue. To overcome this issue, the dual navigator scheme was introduced to track inversion and imaging slices, and thus to ensure the same position for both slices. Accuracy was further improved by a well‐defined bolus length, which was achieved by a modification version of Q2TIPS (quantitative imaging of perfusion using a single subtraction, second version with interleaved thin‐slice TI1 periodic saturation): a series of saturation pulses was applied to both sides of the imaging slice at a certain time after the inversion. The dual navigator‐gated technique was tested in eight volunteers. The measured renal cortex perfusion rates were between 191 and 378 mL/100 g/min in the renal cortex with a mean of 376 mL/100 g/min. The proposed technique may prove most beneficial for noncontrast‐based renal perfusion quantification in young children and patients who may have difficulty holding their breath for prolonged periods or are sedated/anesthetized. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved carotid intraplaque hemorrhage imaging using a slab‐selective phase‐sensitive inversion‐recovery (SPI) sequence
Authors: Wang Jinnan , Ferguson Marina S. , Balu Niranjan , Yuan Chun , Hatsukami Thomas S. , Börnert Peter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIntraplaque hemorrhage in atherosclerotic plaques has been associated with accelerated plaque growth as well as exacerbation of clinical symptoms. The identification of intraplaque hemorrhage using magnetic resonance imaging primarily relies on the detection of methemoglobin on T1 weighted images. Current techniques are limited by insufficient intraplaque hemorrhage‐wall contrast and poor blood suppression. In this study, a slab‐selective phase‐sensitive inversion‐recovery (SPI) technique is proposed by combining a phase‐sensitive reconstruction with a T1 weighted sequence specifically designed to achieve improved intraplaque hemorrhage imaging. The SPI sequence was optimized and then used on ex vivo plaque specimens for histology based validation and intraplaque hemorrhage‐wall contrast‐to‐noise ratio comparison with magnetization‐prepared 3D rapid acquisition gradient echo MP‐RAGE. SPI and MP‐RAGE were also tested on a group of atherosclerosis patients to compare in vivo intraplaque hemorrhage‐wall contrast‐to‐noise ratio and blood suppression effectiveness. On ex vivo specimens SPI had better intraplaque hemorrhage identification accuracy and a significantly higher intraplaque hemorrhage‐wall contrast‐to‐noise ratio (P = 0.01) than MP‐RAGE. Similar results were found in the in vivo test: Slab‐selective phase‐sensitive inversion‐recovery provided a significantly improved intraplaque hemorrhage‐wall contrast‐to‐noise ratio (P < 0.01) and blood suppression efficiency (P < 0.01). In conclusion, SPI is a novel technique optimized for intraplaque hemorrhage detection and validated against histology. It has demonstrated its capability for improved in vivo intraplaque hemorrhage identification and blood suppression in atherosclerosis patients. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the robustness and efficiency of integration algorithms for a 3D finite strain phenomenological SMA constitutive model
Authors: Arghavani J. , Auricchio F. , Naghdabadi R. , Reali A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMost devices based on shape memory alloys experience large rotations and moderate or finite strains. This motivates the development of finite‐strain constitutive models together with the appropriate computational counterparts. To this end, in the present paper a three‐dimensional finite‐strain phenomenological constitutive model is investigated and a robust and efficient integration algorithm is proposed. Properly defining the variables, extensively used regularization schemes are avoided and a nucleation–completion criterion is defined. Moreover, introducing a logarithmic mapping, a new form of time‐discrete equations is proposed. The solution algorithm as well as a suitable initial guess for the resultant nonlinear equations are also deeply discussed. Extensive numerical tests are performed to show robustness as well as efficiency of the proposed integration algorithm. Implementation of the integration algorithm within a user‐defined subroutine UMAT in the commercial nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS/Standard makes also possible the solution of a variety of boundary value problems. The obtained results show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed approach and confirm the improved efficiency (in terms of solution CPU time) when a nucleation–completion criterion is used instead of regularization schemes, as well as when a logarithmic mapping is used for the time‐discrete evolution equation instead of an exponential mapping. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discrimination of geographical origin and adulteration of radix astragali using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric methods
Authors: Zhang Lei , Nie Lei 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIntroduction – Radix Astragali, one of most widely used and important traditional Chinese medicines, is cultivated in different geographical regions. Because of varying growing conditions, the qualities of Radix Astragali vary, which can give rise to differences in clinical therapy. Detecting adulteration is a routine requirement in pharmaceutical practice.Objective – To develop a simple and accurate approach to discriminate the geographical origin and potential adulteration of Radix Astragali, derived from the root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fischer) Bunge var. mongholicus (Bunge) Hsiao, using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and chemometric methods.Methodology – To obtain characteristic IR spectra for accurate discrimination, a one‐solvent extraction method was utilised following a novel evaluation method for selecting appropriate solvents. Samples of Radix Astragali from different geographical origins were discriminated using FT‐IR spectroscopy and discriminant partial least squares (DPLS) methods. FT‐IR spectroscopy combined with Mahalanobis distance was employed to detect adulteration of Radix Astragali.Results – In comparison with other solvents, butanone was more effective at extracting samples. Radix Astragali samples were accurately assigned to their corresponding geographical origins by using FT‐IR spectroscopy and DPLS method. Most adulterated samples were detected accurately by application of FT‐IR spectroscopy combined with Mahalanobis distance.Conclusion – FT‐IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric method was developed and demonstrated to be a useful tool to discriminate geographical origin and adulteration of Radix Astragali. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of pediatric dyslipidemia: comparison of a population‐based claims database to national surveys
Authors: Li Jie , Motsko Stephen P. , Goehring Earl L. , Tave Arlene , Pezzullo John C. , Jones Judith K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of pediatric dyslipidemia in a large US medical insurance claims database and to compare the resulting estimate to the prevalence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).Patients and MethodsChildren 10–18 years old who had laboratory‐defined dyslipidemia were identified from the Integrated Healthcare Information Services (IHCIS) database 2003–2006. For comparison purposes, the corresponding prevalence among the US children of same age was estimated from the NHANES 1999–2004 data.ResultsAmong the 273 064 children with at least one laboratory lipid value in the IHCIS database, 22.9% (n = 62 451) had laboratory‐defined dyslipidemia. This prevalence was the same as the NHANES estimate (23.9%, 95%CI: 21.6–26.3). Elevated triglyceride (TG) was the most common type of dyslipidemia, detected among 13.2% of the IHCIS children and 14.2% of the US children, followed by elevated total cholesterol (TC), 7.7 and 9.6%, respectively. Among IHCIS dyslipidemic children, older teenage boys had higher rates than younger boys for high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) abnormality, but lower rates for elevated TC and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C). These age‐related trends were also seen among NHANES dyslipidemic children.ConclusionsAnalyses of a population‐based claims database revealed the same prevalence of pediatric dyslipidemia as that among the US children assessed in the NHANES data. Among dyslipidemic children in the claims database, the occurrence of specific dyslipidemias appeared to vary by age and gender, a trend that was also seen among the dyslipidemic children in the US. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.