bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5n‐3) Is Differentially Incorporated into Phospholipid Pools and Differentially Metabolized to Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Tissues from Young Rats
Authors: Holub Bruce J. , Swidinsky Patricia , Park Eek 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe present study assessed the effect of oral supplementation with docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n‐3) on the levels of serum and tissue lipid classes and their fatty acid compositions including individual phospholipid types in rat liver, heart, and kidney. Sprague–Dawley rats received daily oral gavage over 10 days as corn oil without (controls) or with purified DPA in free fatty acid form (21.2 mg/day). The DPA group exhibited significantly lower serum lipid concentrations. The concentrations in μmol/100 g serum or μmol/g tissue of DPA in the total lipid (TL) were higher by 2.3‐, 2.4‐, 10.9‐, and 5.1‐fold in the DPA group of serum, liver, heart, and kidney, respectively, with the phospholipids (PL) being the major DPA reservoir (45.2–52.1% of the DPA in the TL). No significant differences in DHA (22:6n‐3) amounts in TL appeared. The highest relative mol% values as DPA were in heart tissue (means of 11.1% in PL and 16.2% in phosphatidylinositol) and lowest in kidney. The EPA (20:5n‐3) concentrations were markedly higher in the DPA group and most pronounced in the kidney (5.1 times higher in the TL as compared to controls) relative to liver and heart yielding an estimated apparent % conversion of DPA to EPA of 67% and EPA:DPA ratios reaching 5.74 in kidney phosphatidylethanolamine. The serum lipid‐lowering potential of dietary DPA and its impact in the kidney with the derived EPA warrants investigation.
ncIDP-assign: a SPARKY extension for the effective NMR assignment of intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Tamiola Kamil , Mulder Frans A. A. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Summary: We describe here the ncIDP-assign extension for the popular NMR assignment program SPARKY, which aids in the sequence-specific resonance assignment of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). The assignment plugin greatly facilitates the effective matching of a set of connected resonances to the correct position in the sequence by making use of IDP random coil chemical shifts.
Availability: The ncIDP-assign extension is available at http://www.protein-nmr.org/.
Contact: k.tamiola@rug.nl; f.a.a.mulder@rug.nl; support@protein-nmr.org
SC2ATmd: a tool for integration of the figure of merit with cluster analysis for gene expression data
Authors: Olex Amy L. , Fetrow Jacquelyn S. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Summary: Standard and Consensus Clustering Analysis Tool for Microarray Data (SC2ATmd) is a MATLAB-implemented application specifically designed for the exploration of microarray gene expression data via clustering. Implementation of two versions of the clustering validation method figure of merit allows for performance comparisons between different clustering algorithms, and tailors the cluster analysis process to the varying characteristics of each dataset. Along with standard clustering algorithms this application also offers a consensus clustering method that can generate reproducible clusters across replicate experiments or different clustering algorithms. This application was designed specifically for the analysis of gene expression data, but may be used with any numerical data as long as it is in the right format.
Availability: SC2ATmd may be freely downloaded from http://www.compbiosci.wfu.edu/tools.htm.
Contact: olexal@wfu.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Durability of the effects of testosterone and growth hormone supplementation in older community‐dwelling men: the HORMA Trial
Authors: Sattler Fred R. , Bhasin Shalender , He Jiaxiu , Yarasheski Kevin E. , Binder Ellen F. , Schroeder E. Todd , Castaneda‐Sceppa Carmen , Kawakubo Miwa , Roubenoff Ronenn , Dunn Matthew , Hahn Chris , Stewart Yolanda , Martinez Carmen , Azen Stanley P. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryObjectives  To determine the durability of anabolic effects and adverse events (AEs) after stopping testosterone and growth hormone supplementation in older men.Design  Secondary analysis of a double‐masked, randomized controlled trial of testosterone gel (5 or 10 g/daily) plus rhGH (0, 3 or 5 μg/kg/day) with follow‐up of outcomes 3 months later.Participants  A total of 108 community‐dwelling 65‐ to 90‐year‐old men.Measurements  Testosterone and IGF‐1 levels, body composition (DEXA), 1‐repetition maximum (1‐RM) strength, stair‐climbing power, quality‐of‐life (QOL) and activity questionnaires, AEs.Results  Despite improvements in body composition during treatment, residual benefits 3 months later (week 28) were variable. For participants with improvements exceeding their week‐17 median changes, benefits were sustained at week 28 for lean body mass (1·45 ± 1·63 kg, 45% of week‐17 values, P < 0·0001 vs baseline), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM, 0·71 ± 1·01 kg, 42%, P < 0·0001), total fat (−1·06 ± 2·18 kg, 40%, P < 0·0001) and trunk fat (−0·89 ± 1·42 kg, 50%, P < 0·0001); retention of ASMM was associated with greater week‐16 protein intake (P = 0·01). For 1‐RM strength, 39%–43% of week‐17 improvements (P ≤ 0·05) were retained and associated with better week‐17 strength (P < 0·0001), change in testosterone from week 17‐to 28 (P = 0·004) and baseline PASE (P = 0·04). Framingham 10‐year cardiovascular risks were low (∼14%), did not worsen and improved by week 28 (P = 0·0002). The hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis recovered completely.Conclusions  Durable improvements in muscle mass, strength and fat mass were retained 3 months after discontinuing hormone supplementation in participants with greater than median body composition changes during treatment, but not in others with smaller gains. AEs largely resolved after intervention discontinuation. Additional strategies may be needed to sustain or augment muscle mass and strength gains achieved during short‐term hormone therapy.
Trichothecene genotypes of Gibberella zeae from winter wheat fields in the eastern USA
Authors: Schmale D. G. , Wood‐Jones A. K. , Cowger C. , Bergstrom G. C. , Arellano C. 
Published: March 2011

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused principally by Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum), is a devastating disease of small grains such as wheat and barley worldwide. Grain infected with G. zeae may be contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). Strains of G. zeae that produce DON may also produce acetylated derivatives of DON: 3‐acetyl‐DON (3‐ADON) and 15‐acetyl‐DON (15‐ADON). Gradients (clines) of 3‐ADON genotypes in Canada have raised questions about the distribution of G. zeae trichothecene genotypes in wheat fields in the eastern USA. Tri3 and Tri12 genotypes were evaluated in 998 isolates of G. zeae collected from 39 winter wheat fields in New York (NY), Pennsylvania (PA), Maryland (MD), Virginia (VA), Kentucky (KY) and North Carolina (NC). Ninety‐two percent (919/998) of the isolates were 15‐ADON, 7% (69/998) were 3‐ADON, and 1% (10/998) was NIV. A phylogenetic analysis based on portions of three genes (PHO, RED and URA) from 23 isolates revealed two species of Fusarium (F. graminearum sensu stricto and one isolate of F. cerealis (synonym F. crookwellense)). An increasing trend of 3‐ADON genotypes was observed from NC (south) to NY (north). Punctuated episodes of atmospheric transport may favour a higher frequency of 3‐ADON genotypes in the northeastern USA, near Canada, compared with the mid‐Atlantic states. Discoveries of the NIV genotype in NY and NC indicate the need for more intensive sampling in the surrounding regions.
The genetical theory of kin selection
Authors: GARDNER A. , WEST S. A. , WILD G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNatural selection operates both directly, via the impact of a trait upon the individual’s own fitness, and indirectly, via the impact of the trait upon the fitness of the individual’s genetically related social partners. These effects are often framed in terms of Hamilton’s rule,rb − c > 0, which provides the central result of social‐evolution theory. However, a number of studies have questioned the generality of Hamilton’s rule, suggesting that it requires restrictive assumptions. Here, we use Fisher’s genetical paradigm to demonstrate the generality of Hamilton’s rule and to clarify links between different studies. We show that confusion has arisen owing to researchers misidentifying model parameters with thebandcterms in Hamilton’s rule, and misidentifying measures of genotypic similarity or genealogical relationship with the coefficient of genetic relatedness,r. More generally, we emphasize the need to distinguish between general kin‐selection theory that forms the foundations of social evolution, and streamlined kin‐selection methodology that is used to solve specific problems.
Crossover comparison of airway sealing pressures of 1.5 and 2 size LMA‐ProSeal™ and LMA‐Classic™ in children, measured with the manometric stability test
Authors: Karippacheril John G. , Varghese Elsa 
Published: March 2011

SummaryObjectives:  To compare airway sealing pressures, air leak, optimal positioning of the LMA‐ProSeal™ and LMA‐Classic™ in children.Methods:  A crossover, randomized study was conducted in children aged 6 months–7 years weighing <20 kg scheduled for minor elective surgery under GA with sevoflurane. Either a 1.5 or 2‐size LMA‐ProSeal™ or LMA‐Classic™ was inserted first. Optimal position of the devices was evaluated by fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB). Airway sealing pressures were determined under standardized conditions by the manometric stability test at the proximal end of the LMA device. Gas leak observed by auscultation over the neck and epigastrium was noted at these pressures.Results:  Twenty‐seven children of mean ages 29.48 ± 19.81 months and mean weight 11.23 ± 3.28 kg were included for evaluation. Airway sealing pressures were noted to be similar: 23.11 ± 8.28 cm H2O with LMA‐ProSeal™ and 23.26 ± 8.21 cm H2O with LMA‐Classic™. At these sealing pressures, air leak in the neck was observed in 21/27 children with LMA‐ProSeal™ compared with 24/27 with LMA‐Classic™ (P = 0.467). Optimal device positioning as viewed by FOB was seen in 14/27(51.8%) children with LMA‐ProSeal™ and 15/27(55.6%) with LMA‐Classic™. Airway sealing pressures with suboptimal position of LMA‐ProSeal™ was 22.23 ± 10.23 cm H2O and with optimal position 23.93 ± 6.25 cm H2O (P = 0.612).Conclusion:  The LMA‐ProSeal™ and LMA‐Classic™ size 1.5 and 2 provide similar mean airway sealing pressures as assessed by the manometric stability test under standardized conditions, with similar air leak and optimal positioning.
Tracking shame and humiliation in Accident and Emergency
Authors: Sanders Karen , Pattison Stephen , Hurwitz Brian 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we reflect upon shame and humiliation as threats to personal and professional integrity and moral agency within contemporary health care. A personal narrative, written by a nurse about a particular shift in a British National Health Service Accident and Emergency Department, is provided as a case study. This is critically reflected and commented upon in dialogue with insights into the nature of shame and humiliation. It is suggested that Accident and Emergency is a locus that is latently prone to dynamics of shame and humiliation, a potential exacerbated within a culture subject to externally‐determined time targets that are enforced by a top‐down system of surveillance and management. The result is that nurses may lose their sense of professional competence and responsibility, moral agency, and integrity, to their own personal detriment, as well as to the detriment of patients with whom they work. Insofar as examining a small part of a whole may suggest insights into the operation and ethos of a very large system, this very particular case study narrative/reflection has some important implications and lessons for the wider organization and provision of health care in Britain and beyond.
Integrity at work: managing routine moral stress in professional roles
Authors: Cribb Alan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper I consider the routine moral burden of occupying a professional role and having to negotiate tensions between the normative expectations attached to that role and one's own personal moral compass. Using an example to introduce this central issue I then seek to explore it through a discussion of the tensions between, and spaces between, ‘identifying’ with one's role and ‘separating’ oneself from one's role. I suggest that ethical integrity at work is revealed through the successful negotiation of these tensions, but that such negotiation depends upon the power and other resources available to individual professionals. Finally I argue that this discussion of ‘the ethics of role occupation’ has important implication for ‘the ethics of role construction’ and adds weight to concerns about the potential moral costs of managerialism.
Effects of lifestyle interventions and long‐term weight loss on lipid outcomes – a systematic review
Authors: Aucott L. , Gray D. , Rothnie H. , Thapa M. , Waweru C. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryWeight and lipids are critical components of the metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Past reviews considering weight loss on lipid profiles have been for ≤1 year follow‐up and/or were for very overweight, obese or morbidly obese participants.This systematic review includes lifestyle interventions for adults (18–65 years), with a mean baseline BMI < 35 kg/m2, with weight and lipid differences over 2 years. Between 1990 and 2010, 14 studies were identified.Mean differences for weight and lipids were modest. However, weight loss at 2–3 years follow‐up, produced significant beneficial lipid profile changes. These were similar to previous reviews conducted on heavier target groups and/or over shorter follow‐up periods; cholesterol (1.3% decrease per kg lost) and triglycerides (1.6% fall per kg). Weight loss sustained longer than 3 years was not associated with beneficial lipid changes, suggesting that other lifestyle changes not just weight loss needs maintaining.Evidence linking lifestyle induced sustained weight loss with lipid profile changes in the long‐term for this group is limited. Probable within‐group differences (treatment vs prevention), would make further group separation prudent. Individual patient data analysis would facilitate this, uncover baseline, medication and confounding effects, and may identify successful program components enabling more effective obesity prevention and treatment strategies.
An innovative concept map approach for improving students' learning performance with an instant feedback mechanism
Authors: Wu Po‐Han , Hwang Gwo‐Jen , Milrad Marcelo , Ke Hui‐Ru , Huang Yueh‐Min 
Published: March 2011

AbstractConcept maps have been widely employed for helping students organise their knowledge as well as evaluating their knowledge structures in a wide range of subject matters. Although researchers have recognised concept maps as being an important educational tool, past experiences have also revealed the difficulty of evaluating the correctness of a concept map. It usually takes days or weeks for teachers to manually evaluate the concept maps developed by students; consequently, the students cannot receive timely feedback from the teachers, which not only affects their learning schedules, but also significantly influences the students' learning achievements. In this paper, a computer‐based concept map‐oriented learning strategy with real‐time assessment and feedback is proposed in order to cope with the problems mentioned above. Our approach provides immediate evaluation of concept maps and gives also real‐time feedback to the students. An experiment has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this new strategy in comparison with the conventional computer‐based concept map approach. It is found that our innovative approach can be significantly beneficial to promote learning achievements as well as the learning attitudes of students.
Understanding fear of cancer recurrence in terms of damage to ‘everyday health competence’
Authors: Horlick‐Jones Tom 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAdvances in clinical treatments are resulting in cancer patients living longer, but with the threat of the disease returning at some later date. Anxiety associated with this fear of recurrence, which seems widespread among patients, can lead to an enhanced bodily awareness and a pronounced tendency to interpret mundane sensations as symptoms of pathology. Relatively little sociological work has been done to systematically document, understand, and find ways of addressing, this syndrome and its impact on the quality of patients’ lives. It is argued that this syndrome is best understood not in cognitive terms, as a form of irrationality, but rather as resulting from damage to certain aspects of social competence, namely one’s ‘everyday health competence’. In investigating this issue, the author draws upon his personal experience of breast cancer diagnosis, surgery and adjuvant therapy; and on a broadly phenomenological approach to examining the relationship between bodily sensations and practical reasoning about experience. The implications for clinical practice are considered briefly.
Plus ça change, plus c’est la même chose: senior NHS managers’ narratives of restructuring
Authors: Macfarlane Fraser , Exworthy Mark , Wilmott Micky , Greenhalgh Trish 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe UK National Health Service (NHS) is regularly restructured. Its smooth operation and organisational memory depends on the insights and capability of managers, especially those with experience of previous transitions. Narrative methods can illuminate complex change from the perspective of key actors. We used an adaptation of Wengraf’s biographical narrative life interview method to explore how 20 senior NHS managers (chief executives, directors and assistant directors) had perceived and responded to major transitions since 1974. Data were analysed thematically using insights from phenomenology, neo‐institutional theory and critical management studies. Findings were contextualised within a literature review of NHS policy and management 1974–2009. Managers described how experience in different NHS organisations helped build resilience and tacit knowledge, and how a strong commitment to the ‘NHS brand’ allowed them to weather a succession of policy changes and implement and embed such changes locally. By synthesising these personal and situated micro‐narratives, we built a wider picture of macro‐level institutional change in the NHS, in which the various visible restructurings in recent years appear to have masked a deeper continuity in terms of enduring values, norms and ways of working. We consider the implications of these findings for the future NHS.
Relationship between the seasonal onset of chronic venous leg ulcers and climatic factors
Authors: Klode J. , Stoffels I. , Körber A. , Weindorf M. , Dissemond J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground  There have been reports indicating seasonal differences in the onset of chronic leg ulcers. The reasons for such seasonal fluctuations are not well understood. Therefore we decided to examine the seasonal incidence of chronic leg ulcers in our patient population, caused by chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) or mixed arterial and venous disorders, for any correlation with climatic factors.Methods  We retrospectively analysed the data of 183 patients with chronic leg ulcers, evaluated the monthly and seasonal onset of the leg ulcers and investigated correlations between the incidence and climatic factors.Results  The onset of chronic leg ulcers showed significant seasonal fluctuations with a decrease in summer and an increase in autumn‐winter. The ulcer onset in the cold months, autumn and winter, was significantly higher (P = 0.026) compared with spring and summer. Furthermore, in the bivariate correlation analysis of the variables temperature and ulcer onset, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between temperature and new ulcer onset. The colder the temperature was, the higher was the new ulcer onset with a correlation coefficient of −0.613 (P = 0.034).Conclusion  The onset of chronic leg ulcers caused by CVI and mixed arterial and venous disorders in our patient population showed significant seasonal variations and demonstrated an inverse relationship to temperature. In summary, climatic factors appear to play an important role in the onset of chronic leg ulcers. Climatic factors may therefore need consideration in future clinical investigations and in the development of prophylactic therapeutic strategies.
The magnitude of reciprocity in chronic pain management: experiences of dispersed ethnic populations of Muslim women
Authors: Müllersdorf Maria , Zander Viktoria , Eriksson Henrik 
Published: March 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2011; 25; 637–645The magnitude of reciprocity in chronic pain management: experiences of dispersed ethnic populations of Muslim womenDispersed ethnic populations believe their health to be worse than the ethnic majority group in Sweden. Most studies in rehabilitation exclude dispersed ethnic populations who can not read or speak the national language although this group seems to be in need of rehabilitation to a larger extent than privileged majority groups. The aim of the study was to examine the experience of living with musculoskeletal pain and experience of health care among dispersed ethnic populations of Muslim women. The method used was inspired by Grounded Theory in this study. Interviews were made with five first‐generation Muslim immigrant women who had come to Sweden via Iraq as refugees. Two interviews were performed with interpreters. A preliminary core category ‘The magnitude of reciprocity’ based on three categories emerged from the analysis: (1) Impact of pain, (2) Managing pain and (3) Facing health care. Chronic pain limited the informants physically and emotionally, as well as impacting on their everyday life. Informants managed their pain primarily through medicine and physical activity, which gave at least temporary relief. Health care providers were perceived as doing their best but experiences of bad meetings were also witnessed. The factors important in achieving a good meeting in this study appeared to be; time, dialogue, honesty and understanding. Communication skills, feelings of being taken seriously and a sense of security were additional factors. Not being properly examined, or offered optimal treatment, not being believed or understood, were all seen as signs of dismissal within health care. The limitations of this study are primarily concerned with language difficulties resulting in various shortcomings. Reciprocal recognition and support connected to the specific life experiences of women that come with forced resettlement from the Muslim world to the European diaspora is a vital part of a holistic approach to pain management.