bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Wind Tunnel Experiments inCFDValidation
Authors: Favier Daniel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn attempt to answer the question of the current and future role of wind tunnel experiments in CFD validation is derived by using a selection of typical examples of suited experiments in the field of unsteady aerodynamics at subsonic flow regimes. Such examples concern 2D/3D flows over airfoils, cylinders, as well as tapered wings, and illustrate the three‐folded role of experiments. The three folds consist in providing a detailed description of the physics of complex flow phenomena, constituting reliable databases, and establishing reference comparisons for the CFD validation, both on global and local aerodynamic fields. Some points of interest, for instance integrating the use of wind tunnel experiments and CFD approaches, are also discussed including the evaluation of uncertainties in experimental and numerical results and requirements to yield efficient experimental databases.
Bulk Nanostructured Materials: Non‐Mechanical Synthesis
Authors: Ivanisenko Yulia , Darbandi Azad , Dasgupta Subho , Kruk Robert , Hahn Horst 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn overview of the synthesis and processing techniques for bulk nanostructured materials that are based on “bottom‐up” approaches is presented. Typically, these processes use nanoparticles, which can be produced by a variety of methods in the gas, liquid or solid state, as the basic building blocks. Their assembly into bulk nanostructured materials requires at least one more processing step, such as compaction or the formation of thick films. For certain nanostructures, film deposition techniques can also be employed. A wide range of nanostructures – from thick films with theoretical density to bulk nanocrystalline materials with nanoporosity – exhibiting novel structural and functional properties useful in many fields of applications are presented. Additionally, the properties of these bulk nanostructured materials can be categorized as either tailored, i.e., microstructure‐dependent and inherently irreversible, or tunable, i.e., reversible by the application of an external field. Examples of both categories of properties are presented and the special role of the synthesis and processing routes to achieve the necessary nanostructures is emphasized.
Micro‐and Nanoscale Metallic Glassy Fibers
Authors: Yi Jun , Xia Xing Xiang , Zhao De Qian , Pan Ming Xiang , Bai Hai Yang , Wang Wei Hua 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWhen bulk materials are made into micro‐and nanoscale fibers, there will be attractive improvement of structural and functional properties, even unusual experimental phenomena [Ref. 3]. The main drawback of various applications of metallic fibers is poor ability of present fabrication methods for controlling their dimensions and surface properties [Ref. 4,5]. Metallic glassy fibers (MGFs) are desired because of unique mechanical and physical properties and glass‐like thermoplastic processability of metallic glasses (MGs). Here, we report a synthetic route for production of micro‐to nanoscale MGFs (the diameter ranges from 100 µm to 70 nm) by driving bulk metallic glass rods in their supercooled liquid region via superplastic deformation. Compared with existing metallic fibers, the MGFs have precisely designed and controlled properties and size, high structural uniformity and surface smoothness, and extremely flexibility. Remarkably, the method is simple, efficient, and low cost, and the MGFs can be continuous prepared by the method. Furthermore, the MGFs circumvent brittleness of MGs by size reduction. We proposed a parameter based on the thermal and rheological properties of MG‐forming alloys to control the preparation and size of the fibers. The MGFs with superior properties might attract intensive scientific interest and open wide engineering and functional applications of glassy alloys.
Effect of the Ionic Conductivity on the Performance of Polyelectrolyte‐Based Supercapacitors
Authors: Wee Grace , Larsson Oscar , Srinivasan Madhavi , Berggren Magnus , Crispin Xavier , Mhaisalkar Subodh 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the emerging technology field of printed electronics, circuits are envisioned to be powered with printed energy sources, such as printed batteries and printed supercapacitors (SCs). For manufacturing and reliability issues, solid electrolytes are preferred instead of liquid electrolytes. Here, a solid‐state, polyanionic proton conducting electrolyte, poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS:H), is demonstrated for the first time as an effective ion conducting electrolyte medium in SCs with electrodes based on carbon nanotube (CNT) networks. The effect of the ionic conductivity in the PSS:H film of those SCs is studied at different levels of relative humidity (RH) with impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge‐discharge techniques. High capacitance values (85 F g−1 at 80% RH) are obtained for these SCs due to the extremely high effective electrode area of the CNTs and the enhanced ionic conductivity of the PSS:H film at increasing RH level. The charging dynamics are primarily limited by the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte rather than a poor contact between the electrolyte and the CNT electrodes. The use of polyelectrolytes in SCs provides high mechanical strength and flexibility, while maintaining a high capacitance value, enabling a new generation of printable solid‐state charge storage devices.
Graphene‐based Materials: Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications (Adv. Mater. 35/2010)
Authors: Zhu Yanwu , Murali Shanthi , Cai Weiwei , Li Xuesong , Suk Ji Won , Potts Jeffrey R. , Ruoff Rodney S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThere is intense interest in graphene in fields such as physics, chemistry, and materials science, among others. Interest in graphene's exceptional physical properties, chemical tunability, and potential for applications has generated thousands of publications and an accelerating pace of research, making review of such research timely. Here is an overview of the synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene and related materials (primarily, graphite oxide and its colloidal suspensions and materials made from them), from a materials science perspective.
A Direct Synthesis of Symmetrical (E,E)‐1,4‐Diaryl‐1,3‐butadienes by Wenkert Arylation of Thiophene
Authors: Hintermann Lukas , Schmitz Marco , Chen Yun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe nickel‐catalyzed coupling of thiophene with aryl Grignard reagents (Wenkert reaction) is accelerated by N‐heterocyclic carbene or trialkylphosphane ligands, providing a general, scalable direct synthesis of symmetrical 1,4‐diarylbutadienes.
An iteratively refined distillation line method
Authors: Hassan Chris , Lucia Angelo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe focus of this article is distillation design feasibility. It is shown that existing methods for determining feasibility can give incorrect results or produce feasible designs that waste energy due to over‐specification and mass balance errors. An iterative refinement procedure based on direct substitution is proposed within the distillation line method of Lucia et al. that automatically adjusts one product composition to determine feasibility. Direct substitution equations are presented in detail and 14 literature examples are used to illustrate the efficacy of iterative refinement. Numerical results show that iterative refinement can find feasible designs that other methods cannot find, often resulting in significant reductions in energy requirements, and that it is all product compositions, not just trace compositions that affect most shortcut methods for distillation design. Iterative refinement can also find minimum energy requirements and identify sets of specifications that give infeasible designs. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Autoimmunity to human thyroglobulin: Respective epitopic specificity patterns of anti‐human thyroglobulin autoantibodies in patients with sjögren's syndrome and patients with hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Bouanani Majida , Bataille Regis , Piechaczyk Martine , Salhi Sharon Lynn , Pau Bernard , Bastide Madeleine 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe evaluated the epitopic specificity pattern of anti‐human thyroglobulin (anti‐hTg) autoantibodies from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). All of the primary SS sera tested contained both IgG and IgM anti‐hTg autoantibodies recognizing at least 1 region on hTg; in 65% of the cases, 3 or more regions were recognized. A strong recognition of region II, as is seen in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, was associated with thyroid disorder in primary SS. These results emphasize the importance of region II in autoimmune thyroid disease.
Projektallianzen für Großbauvorhaben — lediglich “noch ein Partnerschaftsmodell” oder Paradigmenwechsel der Vertragsgestaltung?
Authors: Sundermeier Matthias , Schlenke Christoph 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGroßbauvorhaben bringen im Regelfall beträchtliche wirtschaftliche Risiken mit sich. Bedingt ist dies nicht zuletzt durch Schwächen der Projektorganisation. Traditionelle Formen der Vertragsgestaltung dominieren bis heute die Praxis, obgleich ihre Regelungsmechanismen für ein effizientes Risikomanagement komplexer Bauprojekte strukturell unzureichend sind. Als Konsequenz drohen den Baubeteiligten erhebliche Konflikte bei der Vertragsabwicklung und beträchtliche wirtschaftliche Einbußen aus mangelhafter Risikobewältigung. Einen Weg hin zu einer effizienteren Abwicklung anspruchsvoller Großbauvorhaben zeigt das Konzept der Projektallianzen, die sich im angloamerikanischen Raum und besonders in der Bauwirtschaft Australiens seit geraumer Zeit mit großem Erfolg für die Realisierung komplexer Hochbau‐, Ingenieurbau‐ und Infrastrukturmaßnahmen etabliert haben. Gegenüber traditionellen Vertragstypen bedeutet das Allianzkonzept einen Paradigmenwechsel, weil es den Erfolg aller Parteien einzig an das wirtschaftliche Ergebnis des Gesamtprojekts koppelt und damit für eine Interessengleichrichtung der Projektbeteiligten sorgt.Alliancing in large‐scale construction projects — only another partnering approach or even a paradigm shift in contracting? Large‐scale construction projects involve regularly considerable economic risks, not least generated by defects in project organisation. Although regulation mechanisms for an efficient risk management of complex construction projects are structurally insufficient traditional contracts are still dominating in practice. As a consequence of poor risk management disputes and significant financial losses are imminent throughout the construction process. An answer to this problem is shown by the concept of alliancing, which offers an opportunity for a more efficient delivery of largescale construction projects and particularly has been established in the construction industry of Australia. In contrast to traditional methods of construction contracting alliancing means a paradigm shift because it aligns the interests of all parties by linking the financial success of all parties to the performance of the entire project.
Maternal periconceptional exposure to cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption and congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Caspers Kristin M. , Oltean Cristiana , Romitti Paul A. , Sun Lixian , Pober Barbara R. , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Yang Wei , Druschel Charlotte ,   and the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a major birth defect that occurs when abdominal organs herniate through a diaphragmatic opening into the thoracic cavity and is associated with high mortality (>50%). The etiology of CDH is not well understood. METHODS: Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, we examined associations between CDH and maternal periconceptional exposure (1 month before through the third month of pregnancy) to cigarette smoking and alcohol. Interview reports of exposures were provided by mothers of CDH (n = 503) and unaffected control (n = 6703) infants delivered from October 1997 through December 2005. Any exposure (yes/no), as well as quantity (average number of cigarettes or drinks), type (active/passive smoking; beer, wine, distilled spirits), and duration (e.g., number of months exposed) were examined. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for all CDH cases combined, selected subtypes (Bochdalek, Morgagni, not otherwise specified), and phenotypes (infants with/without additional major birth defects). RESULTS: The aOR for any smoking was nonsignificantly elevated for all CDH cases combined. Odds of any smoking was significant for isolated Bochdalek CDH (aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2–3.0). The aORs associated with all measures of alcohol consumption were near unity for each CDH category examined. Stratification of smoking exposure by alcohol consumption and stratification of alcohol consumption by smoking exposure did not appreciably change the aORs. CONCLUSIONS: These findings identified periconceptional smoking exposure as a potential risk factor for CDH. Future studies need to confirm our findings and explore possible pathways accounting for the teratogenic effect of smoking. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upconverted photoluminescence in Ho3+ and Yb3+ codoped Gd2O3 nanocrystals with and without Li+ ions
Authors: Jia Yutao , Song Yinglin , Bai Yunfeng , Wang Yuxiao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe upconversion photoluminescence of Ho3+ ion sensitized by Yb3+ ion in Ho3+/Yb3+codoped Gd2O3 nanocrystals with and without Li+ is investigated in this paper. Strong fluorescence in the green (534–570 nm) and red (635–674 nm) regions of the spectrum has been observed, arising from the 5F4/5S2 → 5I8 and 5F5 → 5I8 transitions of Ho3+ ion, respectively. Yb3+ ion is considered to be a better sensitizer for catching enough pumping energy and transferring considerable energy to Ho3+ in the Ho3+/Yb3+system. The upconversion intensity emitted by Ho3+ is greatly enhanced when Li+ is added to the Ho3+/Yb3+ codoped Gd2O3 nanocrystals.
Effect of temperature on intense green emitting Na2Ca(PO4)F:Mn2+ phosphor
Authors: Shinde K. N. , Nagpure I. M. , Fulke Abhay B. , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTAn intense green luminescent Na2Ca(PO4)F:Mn2+ phosphor has been prepared at high temperature by reduction treatment in a charcoal environment. The emission band of Mn2+ was obtained at around 522 nm (green) under 259 nm excitation. Enhancement in emission intensity arising from the thermal treatment is reported. The intense emission of the spectrum was assigned to electronic transitions 4T1 → 6A1 of Mn2+ ions. Intense PL emission suggested that temperature employed plays an important role in the present matrix. X‐ray diffraction pattern, photoluminescence and morphology by SEM of the host lattice of phosphors at different temperatures have been reported in this paper. The results obtained show that the present phosphor has potential for application in green emitting phosphors for the lamp industry. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Flash Photolysis of 1,3,5‐Cycloheptatriene and Some 7‐Substituted Derivatives
Authors: Thrush B. A. , Zwolenik J. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFlash Photolysis of ditropyl and ditropyl sulphide in excess inert gas yields the transient spectrum of the tropyl radical. This spectrum consists of a Rydberg series in the ordinary U.V. converging to an ionisation limit at 6.237 eV. Under the same conditions, flash photolysis of cycloheptatriene or of 7‐cyanocycloheptatriene yields toluene or toluonitriles respectively. In the former case, the benzyl radical is observed; this is formed from an energy‐rich, quenchable precursor.
Réactions Photochimiques de Quelques Monomères Irradiés A L'État Solide
Authors: Bernas A. , Bodard M. , Rossi I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLes monomères suivants ont été irradiés à l'état solide à — 196°C ou — 100°C, sous différentes longueurs d'onde (1850 à 3660 Å) en présence ou en absence d'eau oxygénée : l'acrylate de méthyle (AM), le méthacrylate de méthyle (MAM), l'acrylonitrile (AN) et le méthacrylonitrile (MAN). En absence d'eau oxygénée aucun de ces quatre monomères ne polymérise; en présence d'eau oxygénée, seul l'AM conduit à un polymère. Dans ces conditions, la propagation procède vraisemblablement par un mécanisme radicalaire. Pour des irradiations X ou γ des mêmes monomères, des signaux RPE analogues sont obtenus; on peut donc admettre un mécanisme semblable.Dans le cas particulier de l'AN, l'irradiation à — 196°C conduit à un dégagement de cyanogène et à la formation d'un solide brun dont le spectre d'absorption infra‐rouge présente des bandes caractéristiques du groupement CONH2. La réaction d'hydratation qui peut conduire à CONH2 est discutée.On envisage également les raisons de l'absence d'une réaction de propagation à — 196°C dans le cas des deux nitriles examinés.
A Metastable Intermediate in the Anaerobic Photolysis of Riboflavin
Authors: Holmström Bertil 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUsing flash photolysis and kinetic spectroscopy, a metastable intermediate has been detected in the anaerobic photolysis of riboflavin (D) in neutral aqueous solution. Judging from its reactions and its absorption spectrum, the intermediate appears to be the semiquinone, DH·. The fading can then be written

where AH2 is any reducing agent (for instance the activator or the side chain of the dye itself). Quenchers like KI or O2 affect step (1).In presence of oxygen measurable amounts of the intermediate are produced only in presence of activators. In this case the intermediate disappears much faster, and by a first order reaction. This is consistent with a competing step (3) DH· + O2 → D + HO2·.Absolute values can be estimated for the concentration of the intermediate, its absorptivity, and its decay rate. This is found to be slightly lower than the maximum rate allowed by diffusion considerations.The fading process is known to be fundamentally different in presence and in absence of activators (in the latter case only, degradation of the riboflavin side chain takes place). Nevertheless, the intermediate reported here seems to be almost the same in the two cases.
Identifying persons feigning limitations in their competence to proceed in the legal process
Authors: Guenther Christina C. , Otto Randy K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAccurate assessment of the response styles criminal defendants adopt when undergoing evaluations of their competence to proceed with the legal process is critical because some feign limitations in their abilities in an attempt to delay or avoid prosecution. This study examined the utility of the Inventory of Legal Knowledge (ILK) to identify persons motivated to feign competence related limitations. That the ILK has good potential as a screening tool is indicated by findings that the measure (1) has adequate test–retest reliability and (2) classified correctly the large majority of participants in two samples (i.e., college students and psychiatric patients) who completed the measure under “honest” or “fake bad” conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Short Range Structure of B2O3‐Cs2O Glasses Analyzed by X‐Ray Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy.
Authors: IWADATE Y. , IGARASHI K. , HATTORI T. , NISHIYAMA S. , FUKUSHIMA K. , MOCHINAGA J. , IGAWA N. , OHNO H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of the Compound Ho4Ir13Ge9.
Authors: SOLOGUB O. L. , PROTS YU. M. , SALAMAKHA P. S. , PECHARSKY V. K. , BODAK O. I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Time‐of‐Flight Investigation of IR Laser‐Induced Multilayer Desorption of Benzene.
Authors: BRAUN R. , HESS P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Rotational Spectrum of 2,2‐Dimethylthiirane.
Authors: HARTWIG H. , DREIZLER H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Decomposition Kinetics of the N‐Bromoaminoacids, N‐Bromoalanine, N‐ Bromo‐2‐aminobutyric Acid, and N‐Bromonorvaline
Authors: ANTELO J. M. , ARCE F. , CRUGEIRAS J. , ARMESTO J. L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Catalytic Addition of Aromatic Carbon‐Hydrogen Bonds to Olefins.
Authors: MURAI S. , KAKIUCHI F. , SEKINE S. , TANAKA Y. , KAMATANI A. , SONODA M. , CHATANI N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of 2,4‐Didehydroadamantane.
Authors: TEAGER D. S. , MURRAY R. K. JUN. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Photoinduced Fenton′s Reaction. Perfluorinated Poly(p‐ Phenylene)‐Catalyzed Photohydroxylation of Benzene with O2 and H2O to Phenol.
Authors: MARUO K. , WADA Y. , YANAGIDA S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Sulfur‐Containing Agrochemicals: Synthesis of Mercaptotriazoles, Triazolo(3,4‐b)thiadiazole, Triazolo(3,4‐b)thiadiazine and Triazolo(3, 4‐b)thiadiazepine Ring Systems as Possible Fungitoxic Agents.
Authors: HANNA M. A. , KHODEIR M. N. , MASHALY M. A. , EL‐SHAFEI H. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.