bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Utility of PCR for Antigen Receptor Rearrangement (PARR) in Staging and Predicting Prognosis in Canine Lymphoma
Authors: Lana S. E. , Jackson T. L. , Burnett R. C. , Morley P. , Avery A. C. 
Published: September 2010

Introduction:  In lymphoid neoplasia, molecular assays to confirm clonality rely on the fact that lymphoid cells normally contain DNA regions that are unique in sequence, resulting from recombination of the V, D, and J genes. Based on the belief that malignancies are clonal, the presence of a single, clonal rearrangement can indicate neoplasia. In humans with lymphoid malignancies, PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement has been studied as a molecular staging test and a therapeutic monitoring tool. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of PARR for molecular staging and predicting prognosis in canine lymphoma.Methods:  Patients with lymphoma who had complete clinical staging were included in the study. All had PARR of pre treatment lymph node, blood and/or bone marrow. All were assigned a clinical stage (WHO 1–5) and a PCR stage (PS) where 0 indicated no clonal expansion in the blood, and 5 indicated the presence of a clonal expansion. In addition to stage, other factors that could affect prognosis were evaluated.Results:  Eighty six patients were included. Clinical stage was distributed as follows: 3 = 44, 4 = 21, and 5 = 21. Sixty two patients had clonal rearrangements detected in the lymph node and were able to be PCR staged. Seventeen were PS 0 and 45 were PS 5. PCR stage was not prognostic for DFI or survival.Conclusion:  PARR is sensitive at detecting blood/bone marrow infiltration in canine lymphoma. It is not a useful prognostic tool in the diverse population in this study.
Proteins Involved in Glucose Recognition and Signaling are Expressed by Canine Insulinoma
Authors: Donley V. , Hiskett E. , Schermerhorn T. 
Published: September 2010

Introduction:  Canine insulinoma is a functional neoplasia of insulin‐producing endocrine cells that produces hypoglycemia as a result of unregulated secretion of insulin. Knowledge of the molecular defects responsible for the observed functional abnormalities might help understand the clinical behavior of these tumors, predict the response to therapy, and identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. We examined canine insulinomas to determine expression of beta‐cell proteins known to be important for glucose recognition and signaling.Methods:  Tissue samples were obtained from naturally‐occurring canine insulinomas at the time of surgery or necropsy. A pancreatic beta cell line was used as control in functional studies. Normal canine pancreas served as control tissue for expression studies. For functional studies, glucose‐induced insulin secretion by cultured canine insulinoma cells was determined using radioimmunoassay. For mRNA expression studies, total RNA was isolated and reverse transcription performed using commercial reagents. The expression of proteins of interest was determined using PCR. Identities of PCR products were confirmed by automated sequence analysis. For protein expression studies, proteins were solubilized in detergent‐containing buffer, resolved by SDS‐PAGE, and detected by immunoblot analysis using specific antibodies.Results:  Canine insulinoma cells exhibited a half‐maximal glucose response of 1.3 mM (23 mg/dL). Insulinomas were found to express proteins important for glucose responsiveness. Proteins expressed include those involved in glucose recognition (glucokinase, hexokinase), glucose signal transduction (Kir6.2, SUR1), and insulin exocytosis (SNAP 25, syntaxin 1A).Conclusions:  Canine insulinomas express proteins similar to those found in the normal canine pancreas but exhibit an increased sensitivity to glucose.
The Utility of Flow Cytometry for the Diagnosis of Cranial Mediastinal Malignancy in Canine Patients
Authors: Plaza S. S. , Avery A. C. , Lana S. E. 
Published: September 2010

Introduction:  The most common neoplasms located in the anterior mediastinum in the canine are thymoma and lymphoma. Distinguishing between the two is a diagnostic challenge. Treatment and prognosis for these diseases differs significantly. Thymomas contain a population of normally developing T cells. The majority of these T cells exhibit an immature phenotype, characterized by co‐expression of CD4 and CD8. This phenotype is rarely seen on neoplastic lymphocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine if analysis by flow cytometry could discriminate thymoma from lymphoma based on these cell surface markers.Methods:  Fine needle aspirates were obtained from ten canine patients with mediastinal masses. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry using a panel of T and B cell markers.Results:  Six cases with 10% or greater CD4 + CD8+ cells were diagnosed with thymoma and were confirmed by histopathology. Four cases had fewer than 5% CD4 + CD8+ cells, having lymphocytes expressing CD4 only (3 cases) or CD21, a B cell marker(1 case). These were confirmed as lymphoma by cytology and/or a clonality assay. The sensitivity and specificity of this assay when used in the diagnostic work‐up for suspected thymoma was 100%.Conclusion:  Flow cytometry may provide important, complementary information in the diagnostic work‐up of the canine patient with a mediastinal mass.
Optimisation of a Large, Constrained Simulation Model using Compressed Annealing
Authors: Doole Graeme J. , Pannell David J. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract.Simulation models are valuable tools in the analysis of complex, highly constrained economic systems unsuitable for solution by mathematical programming. However, model size may hamper the efforts of practitioners to identify efficiently the most valuable management strategy. This paper investigates the efficacy of a new stochastic search procedure, compressed annealing, for the identification of profitable solutions in large, constrained systems. The algorithm is used to examine the value of incorporating a sown annual pasture, French serradella (Ornithopus sativusBrot. cv.Cadiz), between extended cropping sequences in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia. Compressed annealing is shown to be a reliable means of considering constraints in complex optimisation problems relative to the incorporation of fixed penalty factors in standard simulated annealing and genetic algorithms. French serradella is found to be an economic break pasture in the study region when weed populations are high or sheep production is lucrative.
An Experimental Study on Particular Physical Properties of Several Interocclusal Recording Media. Part III: Resistance to Compression After Setting
Authors: Michalakis Konstantinos X. , Pissiotis Argiris , Anastasiadou Vassiliki , Kapari Danai 
Published: September 2010

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resistance to compression after setting of several elastomeric interocclusal recording materials.
Materials and Methods:
Testing of the resistance to compression after setting was performed following a modification of the method described in specification No. 19 (4.3.6) of the A.D.A., for the elastomeric impression materials—1 cylindrical stainless steel mold with an internal diameter of 20 mm and a height of 20 mm was constructed. Mixing of the interocclusal registration media was conducted according to manufacturers' instructions, and the materials were injected into the mold. Two subsequent loads, one of 100 g/cm2 and a second of 1000 g/cm2 were exerted on each sample. The deformation of each was calculated using a vertical traveling micrometer microscope with an accuracy of ± 0.001 mm.
Results:
One‐way ANOVA revealed significant differences among the materials (F= 331.58, p < 0.0005). Tukey's HSD (p < 0.05) test was used to determine the significant differences between the materials.
Conclusions:
Polyvinylsiloxane Blu Mousse displayed the greatest resistance to compression, as compared to other elastomeric interocclusal recording materials tested.
In Practice Evaluation of a Denture Adhesive Using a Gnathometer
Authors: Psillakis Jason J. , Wright Robert F. , Grbic John T. , Lamster Ira B. 
Published: September 2010

Purpose:
This study measured the extent to which the performance of a maxillary complete denture can be improved with the use of a denture adhesive. This in‐practice evaluation assessed both a quantitative measure (force until dislodgement), without and with the adhesive, and patients' perception regarding the use of adhesive.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 194 patients (77 men, 117 women) who wore maxillary complete dentures were tested for denture performance both without and with denture adhesive. A simple gnathometer was used. Patient perceptions were also assessed by a questionnaire and analyzed for denture performance as well as the effects on speaking and chewing, fit and comfort, and perceived confidence.
Results:
There was a 63.4% improvement in bite force dislodgement with the use of a denture adhesive. A total of 79.2% of the patients perceived better denture performance (bite force dislodgement) with adhesive use. A total of 55.7% perceived an improvement in speaking and chewing. A total of 56.2% noticed the fit and comfort were better. A total of 63.9% responded that they had improved confidence.
Conclusions:
Use of a denture adhesive can improve the incisal (or protrusive) biting force for patients who wear a maxillary complete denture. Subjectively, the patients reported an improved perception of denture performance and that the use of adhesive provided greater confidence when using the prosthesis.
Anesthesia (17)
Authors: Goldstein Andrei , Grimault Patrick , Henique Aude , Keller Michele , Fortin Anne , Darai Emile 
Published: September 2010

Preventing postoperative pain by local anesthetic instillation after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery: a placebo‐controlled comparison of bupivacaine and ropivacaine. (Hotel‐Dieu Hospital, Paris, France) Anesth Analg 2000;91:403–407.This study tested the hypothesis that local anesthetics instilled at the end of laparoscopic gynecologic procedures are able to prevent postoperative pain at wake‐up and during the first 24 h. A total of 180 patients were randomly assigned into three groups to receive an intraperitoneal instillation of 20 mL of either bupivacaine 0.5% (Group B), ropivacaine 0.75% (Group R) or saline (Group S) at the end of surgery. All patients received analgesia with acetaminophen and ketoprofen IV infusions. Pain was assessed by using a 0‐10 graded numerical scale (NS) every 5 min in the postanesthesia care unit and IV morphine was administered if NS was> 4. Assessment of pain continued every 4 h on the ward, and subcutaneous morphine was injected if needed to keep the NS score <4. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) was rated on a 4‐point scale. The morphine consumption at wake‐up and over the first 24 h was significantly lower (P<0.05) in Group B (mean, 0.92 mg at wake‐up; 3.08 mg over 24 h) and in Group R (mean, 0.25 mg at wake‐up; 0.69 mg over 24 h), than in Group S (mean, 4.18 mg at wake up; 12.93 mg over 24 h). The morphine‐sparing effect of ropivacaine was significantly greater than that of bupivacaine. Both local anesthetics were effective in the prevention of PONV. Conclude that local anesthetics should be instilled in all gynecologic patients at the end of all laparoscopic procedures.
Basic Science (21)
Authors: Takenami Tamie , Yagishita Saburo , Asato Fumio , Hoka Sumio 
Published: September 2010

Neurotoxicity of intrathecally administered tetracaine commences at posterior roots near entry into the spinal cord. (Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan) Reg Anesth Pain Med 2000;25:372–379.This study examined the histopathologic effects of intrathecally administered tetracaine. Sixty Wistar rats randomly received either 20%, 10%, 5%, 3%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0% tetracaine dissolved in 10% glucose solution or no solution via a chronically implanted intrathecal catheter. The spinal cord at L1, posterior and anterior roots and cauda equina were excised 5 days later, sectioned, processed, and prepared for light and electron microscopic examinations. Rats treated with tetracaine at 10% or 20% developed lesions in the posterior white matter and posterior roots. Rats injected with 3% or 5% tetracaine developed lesions, which began in the posterior roots close to the spinal cord and extended to the posterior white matter. The lesions were characterized by axonal degeneration. Injections of 1% of tetracaine did not cause any pathological changes. The results suggest that the initial target of intrathecal tetracaine neurotoxicity may be the posterior roots at their entry into the spinal cord, where the axons are devoid of myelin sheath and thus represent a sensitive area for neurotoxic change. Comment by James E. Heavner, DVM, PhD.The reassuring aspect of this study is that no significant lesions were found when rats were given clinically used concentrations of tetracaine. The investigators do make a case that clinically used concentrations of tetracaine might be neurotoxic in humans based on the observation that the duration of action of tetracaine is shorter in rats than in humans. The distribution of the lesions is curious in that 10% tetracaine produced lesions in the posterior rootlets and in the posterior rootlet entry zone, but did not produce lesions in the fasciculus gracilis. The implication is that rootlets posterior to lamina L1 (the L1 segment that was examined) that were destroyed do not project into the fasciculus gracilis. One would expect that destruction of lamina L2 posterior rootlets that projected into the fasciculus gracilis would produce lesions visible at the EM level at L1 5 days after damage. The absence of lesions in the L1 fasciculus gracilis puzzles me. I am also puzzled by the suggestion that all posterior rootlets loose their myelin sheath just before entry into the posterior white matter of the spinal cord (Obersteiner‐Redlich zone). To my knowledge, most posterior rootlets do not have this nonmyelinated zone and; therefore, the absence of the myelin would make only a portion of the posterior rootlets vulnerable to tetracaine neurotoxicity as suggested by the authors. In short, there are some anatomical relationships that do not fit with the distribution of lesions described by the investigators.
Basic Science (22)
Authors: Nishiyama Tomoki , Ho Rodney J.Y. , Shen Danny D. , Yaksh Tony L. 
Published: September 2010

The effects of intrathecal morphine encapsulated in l‐ and d‐dipalmitoylphosphatidyl choline liposomes on acute nociception in rats. (University of California, San Diego, CA) Anesth Analg 2000;91:423–428.This study evaluated the antinociceptive effects of morphine encapsulated in liposomes of two isomeric phospholipids, l‐dipalmitoylphosphatidyl choline (l‐DPPC) and d‐dipalmitoylphosphatidyl choline (d‐DPPC), in comparison with morphine in saline. Sprague‐Dawley rats with chronic lumbar intrathecal catheters were tested for their acute nociceptive response using a hindpaw thermal escape test. Their general behavior, motor function, pinna reflex, and corneal reflex were also examined. The duration of antinociception was longer in both liposomal morphine groups than in the free morphine group. The peak antinociceptive effects were observed within 30 min after intrathecal morphine, l‐DPPC or d‐DPPC morphine injection. The rank order of the area under the effect‐time curve for antinociception was l‐DPPC morphine> d‐DPPC morphine> morphine. The 50% effective dose was: 2.7 μg (morphine), 4.6 μg (l‐DPPC morphine), and 6.4 μg (d‐DPPC morphine). d‐DPPC morphine had fewer side effects for a given antinociceptive AUC than morphine. Conclude that l‐DPPC and d‐DPPC liposome encapsulation of morphine prolonged the antinociceptive effect on acute thermal stimulation and could decrease side effects compared with morphine alone. Comments by James E. Heavner, DVM, PhD.One would intuitively expect that encapsulation of a drug would prolong its duration of action and reduce systemic side effects. However, the results of this study taken in the context of studies with the encapsulation of other opioids indicate that the physical/chemical properties of the opioid can have an important influence on the results of encapsulation. For example, the investigators have demonstrated that encapsulation of alfentanyl had only a modest effect on its duration of action, presumably because of the ability of the lipophilic alfentanyl to rapidly defuse through the membranes of the liposomes. One question the study leaves open is whether or not the material used for encapsulation has consistent effects on its own. The investigators previously found that intrathecal delivery of l‐dipalmitoylphosphatidyl choline resulted in a steroid‐sensitive allodynia. However, in the present study the investigators did not observe this. Thus, there is much to be learned about the science and art of drug encapsulation for therapeutic purposes in humans.
Basic Science (27)
Authors: Xu Mei , Kontinen Vesa K. , Kalso Eija 
Published: September 2010

Effects of radolmidine, a novel α2‐adrenergicagonist compared with dexmedetomidine in different pain models in the rat. (University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland) Anesthesiology 2000;93:473–481.This study determined the antinociceptive and sedative effects of radolmidine in different models of acute and chronic pain. Dexmedetomidine and saline served as controls. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were studied in acute pain (tail flick), carrageenan inflammation, and the spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain. Mechanical allodynia was assessed with von Frey filaments, cold allodynia with the acetone test, and thermal hyperalgesia with the paw flick test. Locomotor activity‐vigilance was assessed in a dark field. Dexmedetomidine and radolmidine were administered intrathecally in doses of 0.25 μg, 2.5 μg, and 10 μg. In the tail flick test, radolmidine showed a dose‐dependent antinociceptive effect, being equipotent compared with dexmedetomidine. In carrageenan inflammation, intrathecal doses of 2.5 μg or 5 μg of dexmedetomidine/radolmidine produced significant antinociception compared with saline (P < 0.01). The two drugs were equianalgesic. In the neuropathic pain model, an intrathecal dose of 5 μg dexmedetomidine‐radolmidine had a significant antiallodynic effect compared with saline (P < 0.01). The 2 drugs were equipotent. Intrathecal administration of both dexmedetomidine and radolmidine dose dependently decreased spontaneous locomotor activity‐vigilance, but this effect was significantly smaller after intrathecal administration of radolmidine than after intrathecal dexmedetomidine. Conclude radolmidine and dexmedetomidine had equipotent antinociceptive effects in all tests studied. However, radolmidine caused significantly less sedation than dexmedetomidine, probably because of a different pharmacokinetic profile.
Basic Science (33)
Authors: Zhang Jun‐Ming , Li Huiqing , Brull Sorin J. 
Published: September 2010

Perfusion of the mechanically compressed lumbar ganglion with lidocaine reduces mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia in the rat. (University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR) J Neurophysiol 2000;84:798–805.This study used an animal model of lumbar radiculopathy to investigate the neurological mechanisms of cutaneous hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia. The rat L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was chronically compressed by inserting a hollow perforated rod into the intervertebral foramen. The DRG was constantly perfused through the hollow rod with either lidocaine or normal saline delivered by a subcutaneous osmotic pump. Behavioral evidence for neuropathic pain after DRG compression involved measuring the incidence of hindlimb withdrawals to both punctate indentations of the hind paw with mechanical probes exerting different bending forces and to light stroking of the hind paw with a cotton wisp. Behavioral results showed that for saline‐treated control rats: the withdrawal thresholds for the ipsilateral and contralateral paws to mechanical stimuli decreased significantly after surgery and the incidence of foot withdrawal to light stroking significantly increased on both ipsilateral and contralateral hind paws. Local perfusion of the compressed DRG with 2% lidocaine for 7 days at a low flow‐rate (1 μl/h), or for 1 day at a high flow‐rate (8 μl/h) partially reduced the decrease in the withdrawal thresholds on the ipsilateral foot, but did not affect the contralateral foot. The incidence of foot withdrawal in response to light stroking with a cotton wisp decreased significantly on the ipsilateral foot and was completely abolished on the contralateral foot in the lidocaine treatment groups. Conclude that compression of the L5 DRG induced central pain syndrome that included bilateral mechanical hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia. Results also suggest that a lidocaine block, or a reduction in abnormal activity from the compressed ganglia to the spinal cord, could partially reduce mechanical hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia. Comments by Marshall Devor, PhD.Tonic compression of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in animal preparations, and presumably also in man, causes sensory cells to become electrically hyperexcitable. The resulting spontaneous discharge is a cause of ongoing paresthesias and pain. Many believe that in addition, this ectopic activity can trigger and maintain central sensitization in the spinal cord, resulting in tactile hypersensitivity (allodynia and hyperalgesia) in the body parts innervated by the ganglion. This second effect of ectopic DRG activity, however, is controversial. Zhang and collaborators now provide strong new support for this idea by showing that lidocaine infusion into the DRG, with consequent block of the ectopic DRG firing, considerably reduces allodynia and hyperalgesia for the duration of the infusion (weeks). Here is a novel therapeutic approach that deserves a try.
Headache (45)
Authors: Schulman Elliot A. , Cady Roger K. , Henry Dan 
Published: September 2010

Effectiveness of sumatriptan in reducing productivity loss due to migraine: results of a randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. (Center for Headache Management, Springfield, PA) Mayo Clin Proc 2000;75:782–789.This clinical trial determined the effect of sumatriptan on migraine‐related workplace productivity loss. Adult migraine sufferers self‐injected 6 mg of sumatriptan or matching placebo to treat a moderate or severe migraine within the first 4 h of a minimum of an 8‐h work shift. Outcome measures included productivity loss and number of patients returning to normal work performance 2 h after injection and across the work shift, time to return to normal work performance, and time to headache relief. A total of 206 patients underwent screening, 140 (safety population) of whom returned for clinic treatment. Of these 140 patients, 119 received migraine treatment in the workplace. Sumatriptan treatment tended to reduce median productivity loss 2 h after injection compared with placebo (25.2 versus 29.9 min, respectively) (P = 0.14). Significant reductions in productivity loss were obtained across the work shift after sumatriptan treatment compared with placebo (36.8 versus 72.6, respectively) (P = 0.001). Significantly more sumatriptan‐treated patients versus placebo‐treated patients experienced shorter return to normal work performance at 2 h and across the work shift. Significantly more sumatriptan‐treated patients experienced headache relief 1 h after injection compared with placebo‐treated patients. Conclude that across an 8‐h work shift, sumatriptan was superior to the placebo in reducing productivity loss due to migraine.