bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the anti–citrullinated protein antibody repertoire prior to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: van de Stadt Lotte A. , de Koning Margret H. M. T. , van de Stadt Rob J. , Wolbink Gertjan , Dijkmans Ben A. C. , Hamann Dörte , van Schaardenburg Dirkjan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine how anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) epitope spreading takes place prior to the onset of clinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to analyze the pattern of autoantigen reactivity at the beginning of the immune response.MethodsMultiple consecutive serum samples from 79 RA patients who had donated blood before disease onset were available for analysis. Fifty‐three patients tested positive for ACPAs prior to the onset of clinical RA. For these patients, a median of 6 (interquartile range 4–9) sequential pre‐RA serum samples obtained 1–2 years apart were tested. Reactivity to 5 distinct citrullinated peptides was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Two peptides were derived from fibrinogen, 1 from vimentin, 1 from α‐enolase, and 1 from filaggrin.ResultsIn 25 of 53 ACPA‐positive patients, seroconversion from ACPA absence to ACPA presence was observed. In 72% of these patients, the immune response started with reactivity to 1 peptide, without preference for a particular peptide. The number of peptides recognized increased over time, without a dominant epitope‐spreading pattern. ACPAs appeared in low levels several years prior to the diagnosis of RA. Antibody titers increased markedly ∼2–4 years before diagnosis.ConclusionOur findings indicate that ACPA epitope spreading occurs over several years prior to the onset of clinical RA. The initial autoimmune response is mostly directed toward only 1 autoantigen, but this is not always the same antigen. The marked increase in ACPA titers a few years prior to the diagnosis of RA suggests a second stage in disease development, which might be due to a variety of factors.
Identification of novel genetic susceptibility loci in African American lupus patients in a candidate gene association study
Authors: Sánchez Elena , Comeau Mary E. , Freedman Barry I. , Kelly Jennifer A. , Kaufman Kenneth M. , Langefeld Carl D. , Brown Elizabeth E. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Kimberly Robert P. , Edberg Jeffrey C. , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Petri Michelle , Reveille John D. , Vilá Luis M. , Merrill Joan T. , Tsao Betty P. , Kamen Diane L. , Gilkeson Gary S. , James Judith A. , Vyse Timothy J. ,   International Consortium on the Genetics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Gaffney Patrick M. , Jacob Chaim O. , Niewold Timothy B. , Richardson Bruce C. , Harley John B. , Alarcón‐Riquelme Marta E. , Sawalha Amr H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveCandidate gene and genome‐wide association studies have identified several disease susceptibility loci in lupus patients. These studies have largely been performed in lupus patients who are Asian or of European ancestry. This study was undertaken to examine whether some of these same susceptibility loci increase lupus risk in African American individuals.MethodsSingle‐nucleotide polymorphisms tagging 15 independent lupus susceptibility loci were genotyped in a set of 1,724 lupus patients and 2,024 healthy controls of African American descent. The loci examined included PTPN22, FCGR2A, TNFSF4, STAT4, CTLA4, PDCD1, PXK, BANK1, MSH5 (HLA region), CFB (HLA region), C8orf13‐BLK region, MBL2, KIAA1542, ITGAM, and MECP2/IRAK1.ResultsWe found the first evidence of genetic association between lupus in African American patients and 5 susceptibility loci (C8orf13‐BLK, BANK1, TNFSF4, KIAA1542, and CTLA4; P = 8.0 × 10−6, P = 1.9 × 10−5, P = 5.7 × 10−5, P = 0.00099, and P = 0.0045, respectively). Further, we confirmed the genetic association between lupus and 5 additional lupus susceptibility loci (ITGAM, MSH5, CFB, STAT4, and FCGR2A; P = 7.5 × 10−11, P = 5.2 × 10−8, P = 8.7 × 10−7, P = 0.0058, and P = 0.0070, respectively), and provided evidence, for the first time, of genome‐wide significance for the association between lupus in African American patients and ITGAM and MSH5 (HLA region).ConclusionThese findings provide evidence of novel genetic susceptibility loci for lupus in African Americans and demonstrate that the majority of lupus susceptibility loci examined confer lupus risk across multiple ethnicities.
Nerve growth factor: A key local regulator in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Raychaudhuri Siba P. , Raychaudhuri Smriti K. , Atkuri Kondala R. , Herzenberg Leonard A. , Herzenberg Leonore A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor (NGFR) in inflammatory diseases is a novel research field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of NGF/NGFR in human T cell subpopulations and fibroblast‐like synovial cells (FLS) and examine its pathophysiologic significance in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsExpression of NGF/NGFR was examined in synovial fluid (SF), FLS, peripheral blood (PB)–derived T cells, and SF‐derived T cells from patients with PsA, RA, and osteoarthritis (OA). NGF levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. NGF‐induced T cell/FLS proliferation was examined by MTT assay. Low‐affinity (p75)/high‐affinity (TrkA) NGFR expression was determined by high‐dimensional fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. A monochlorobimane assay was used to determine the effect of NGF on T cell survival.ResultsLevels of NGF were higher in SF samples from PsA and RA patients as compared to SF samples from OA patients. NGF‐induced FLS proliferation was more marked in PsA and RA patients. TrkA was up‐regulated on activated SF T cells from PsA (mean ± SD 22 ± 6.2%) and RA (8 ± 1.3%) patients, whereas in SF samples from OA patients, TrkA+CD3+ T cells were not detectable. NGF induced the proliferation of PB T cells, induced the phosphorylation of Akt in activated T cells, and consistent with known pAkt activity, inhibited tumor necrosis factor α–induced cell death in these T cells.ConclusionBased on our findings, we propose a model in which NGF secreted by FLS into PsA and RA synovium promotes the survival of activated autoreactive T cells as well as FLS proliferation. Thus, NGF has the potential to sustain the chronic inflammatory cascades of arthritis of autoimmune origin.
The “Frankenplasmid” lab: An investigative exercise for teaching recombinant DNA methods
Authors: Dean Derek M. , Wilder Jason A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe describe an investigative laboratory module designed to give college undergraduates strong practical and theoretical experience with recombinant DNA methods within 3 weeks. After deducing restriction enzyme maps for two different plasmids, students ligate the plasmids together in the same reaction, transform E. coli with this mixture of ligated DNA, and plate the cells on media that specifically select for hybrid plasmids. The main goal of the assignment is for students to deduce the gene map of one hybrid “Frankenplasmid” using the LacZ phenotype of its transformants, PCR, and restriction mapping. Our protocol results in a number of possible outcomes, meaning that students are mapping truly unknown plasmids. The open‐ended nature of this assignment results in an effective module that teaches recombinant DNA procedures while engaging students with its investigative approach, increasing complexity, and puzzle‐like quality. Moreover, the modular design of the activity allows it to be adapted to a more limited schedule, introductory courses, or more advanced courses. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 2011
GuideLiner, a child‐in‐a‐mother catheter for successful retrieval of an entrapped rotablator burr
Authors: Cunnington Michael , Egred Mohaned 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEntrapment of the rotablator burr within heavily calcified lesions is a recognized complication, which usually necessitates sternotomy and open surgical intervention to retrieve the trapped burr. In some cases, the trapped burr can be retrieved using simple traction, but this is potentially hazardous with possible trauma and perforation of the vessel. Passing a wire alongside the trapped burr with ballooning to free the burr can be attempted. We describe a novel technique to remove a trapped rotablator burr from a heavily calcified lesion using counter‐traction with a GuideLiner, child‐in‐a‐mother catheter, which successfully removed the entrapped burr without the need for surgery when simple traction alone had been ineffective. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Total Synthesis of Bryostatins: The Development of Methodology for the Atom‐Economic and Stereoselective Synthesis of the Ring C Subunit
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Frontier Alison J. , Thiel Oliver R. , Yang Hanbiao , Dong Guangbin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBryostatins, a family of structurally complicated macrolides, exhibit an exceptional range of biological activities. The limited availability and structural complexity of these molecules makes development of an efficient total synthesis particularly important. This article describes our initial efforts towards the total synthesis of bryostatins, in which chemoselective and atom‐economical methods for the stereoselective assembly of the ring C subunit were developed. A Pd‐catalyzed tandem alkyne–alkyne coupling/6‐endo‐dig cyclization sequence was explored and successfully pursued in the synthesis of a dihydropyran ring system. Elaboration of this methodology ultimately led to a concise synthesis of the ring C subunit of bryostatins.
Probing Lipid Peroxidation by Using Linoleic Acid and Benzophenone
Authors: Andreu Inmaculada , Neshchadin Dmytro , Rico Enrique , Griesser Markus , Samadi Abdelouahid , Morera Isabel M. , Gescheidt Georg , Miranda Miguel A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA thorough mechanistic study has been performed on the reaction between benzophenone (BZP) and a series of 1,4‐dienes, including 1,4‐cyclohexadiene (CHD), 1,4‐dihydro‐2‐methylbenzoic acid (MBA), 1,4‐dihydro‐1,2‐dimethylbenzoic acid (DMBA) and linoleic acid (LA). A combination of steady‐state photolysis, laser flash photolysis (LFP), and photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo‐CIDNP) have been used. Irradiation of BZP and CHD led to a cross‐coupled sensitizer–diene product, together with 6, 7, and 8. With MBA and DMBA as hydrogen donors, photoproducts arising from cross‐coupling of sensitizer and diene radicals were found; compound 7 was also obtained, but 6 and o‐toluic acid were only isolated in the irradiation of BZP with MBA. Triplet lifetimes were determined in the absence and in the presence of several diene concentrations. All three model compounds showed similar reactivity (kq≈108 M−1 s−1) towards triplet excited BZP. Partly reversible hydrogen abstraction of the allylic hydrogen atoms of CHD, MBA, and DMBA was also detected by photo‐CIDNP on different timescales. Polarizations of the diamagnetic products were in full agreement with the results derived from LFP. Finally, LA also underwent partly reversible hydrogen abstraction during photoreaction with BZP. Subsequent hydrogen transfer between primary radicals led to conjugated derivatives of LA. The unpaired electron spin population in linoleyl radical (LA.) was predominantly found on H(1‐5) protons. To date, LA‐related radicals were only reported upon hydrogen transfer from highly substituted model compounds by steady‐state EPR spectroscopy. Herein, we have experimentally established the formation of LA. and shown that it converts into two dominating conjugated isomers on the millisecond timescale. Such processes are at the basis of alterations of membrane structures caused by oxidative stress.
Adsorption and separation of CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 by 13X zeolite
Authors: Mulgundmath V. P. , Tezel F. H. , Saatcioglu T. , Golden T. C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAccumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is responsible for increased global warming of our planet. The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide mainly from flue gas, automobile and landfill gas (LFG) emissions are major contributors to this problem. In this work, CO2, CH4 and N2 adsorption was studied on Ceca 13X zeolite by determining pure and binary mixture isotherms using a constant volume method and a concentration pulse chromatographic technique at 40 and 100°C. The experimental data were then compared to the predicted binary behaviour by extended Langmuir model. Results showed that the extended Langmuir theoretical adsorption model can only be applied as an approximation to predict the experimental binary behaviour for the systems studied. Equilibrium phase diagrams were obtained from the experimental binary isotherms. For these systems, the integral thermodynamic consistency tests were also conducted. It was found that Ceca 13X exhibits large CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivity and could find application in landfill gas purification, CO2 removal from natural gas and CO2 removal from ambient air or flue gas streams. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Preparation and Antitumour Properties of the Enantiomers of a Hypoxia‐Selective Nitro Analogue of the Duocarmycins
Authors: Tercel Moana , Lee Ho H. , Yang Shangjin , Liyanage H. D. Sarath , Mehta Sunali Y. , Boyd Peter D. W. , Jaiswal Jagdish K. , Tan Karin L. , Pruijn Frederik B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractRacemic 2‐{[1‐(chloromethyl)‐5‐nitro‐3‐{5‐[2‐(dimethylamino)ethoxy]indol‐2‐carbonyl}‐1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐benzo[e]indol‐7‐yl]sulfonyl}aminoethyl dihydrogen phosphate, a synthetic nitro derivative of the duocarmycins, is a hypoxia‐selective prodrug active against radiation‐resistant tumour cells at nontoxic doses in mice. An intermediate in the synthesis of this prodrug was resolved by chiral HPLC and the absolute configuration assigned by X‐ray crystallography. The intermediate was used to prepare the prodrug′s enantiomers, and also the enantiomers of the active nitro and amino metabolites. In vitro analysis in the human cervical carcinoma cell line SiHa showed that both nitro enantiomers are hypoxia‐selective cytotoxins, but the “natural” S enantiomer is at least 20‐fold more potent. Examination of extracellular amino metabolite concentrations demonstrated no enantioselectivity in the hypoxia‐selective reduction of nitro to amino. Low levels of amino derivative were also found in aerobic cell suspensions, sufficient to account for the observed oxic toxicity of the nitro form. At an equimolar dose in SiHa‐tumour bearing animals, the (−)‐R enantiomer of the prodrug was inactive, while the (+)‐S enantiomer caused significantly more hypoxic tumour cell kill than the racemate. At this dose, the combination of (+)‐S‐prodrug and radiation eliminated detectable colony‐forming cells in four out of five treated tumour‐bearing animals.
Dielectric materials in magnetic resonance
Authors: Webb A.G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHigh permittivity materials find extensive use in high frequency communications devices due to their small size (compared to lumped element circuits), low losses and physical robustness. Recently, these types of materials have been applied in high field magnetic resonance imaging, based upon earlier work in electron paramagnetic resonance. This review article describes the basic properties of high permittivity materials, how they can be formed into both discrete resonators and also into deformable water‐based suspensions, and how these different structures can be used to improve many aspects of high frequency magnetic resonance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 38: 148–184, 2011.
Short, powerful, and agile current drivers for magnetic resonance
Authors: Shtirberg Lazar , Blank Aharon 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA system for the generation of short, powerful, and agile pulses of current drive is described. The system is made of several submodules, most of them “home‐made” and is capable of producing current pulses ranging from 9 A for 150 ns pulses to 94 A for 1400 ns pulse duration, when connected to a nominal 0.6 Ω/2.75 μH coil. The amplitude of successive current pulses can be updated in the ∼μs time scale. Such capabilities are very useful in the field of electron spin resonance microimaging and for the measurements of diffusion by electron spin resonance. A variant of the system can also be used for the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of samples located in grossly inhomogeneous magnetic field or for solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Details of the system electronic design as well as some representative experimental results are provided. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B: 119–127, 2011
Magnetic resonance imaging in nonlinear fields with nonlinear reconstruction
Authors: Tieng Quang M. , Vegh Viktor 
Published: July 2011

AbstractImaging in the presence of nonlinear static and gradient magnetic fields is outlined. Analytic expressions are provided for the signal obtained using specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences with the addition of field nonlinearities. We show that using nonlinear Fourier transform image reconstruction, high‐quality images can be obtained for the case when the static magnetic field has large peak‐to‐peak error, and the gradient field exhibits variations beyond currently acceptable levels over the imaging field‐of‐view. Our results show that MRI can be performed in nonlinear magnetic fields, provided that a versatile technique is used to reconstruct the images. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B: 128–140, 2011
Semipermeable hollow fiber phantoms for development and validation of perfusion‐sensitive mr methods and signal models
Authors: Anderson J.R. , Ackerman J.J.H. , Garbow J.R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTwo semipermeable, hollow fiber phantoms for the validation of perfusion‐sensitive magnetic resonance methods and signal models are described. Semipermeable hollow fibers harvested from a standard commercial hemodialysis cartridge serve to mimic tissue capillary function. Flow of aqueous media through the fiber lumen is achieved with a laboratory‐grade peristaltic pump. Diffusion of water and solute species (e.g., Gd‐based contrast agent) occurs across the fiber wall, allowing exchange between the lumen and the extralumenal space. Phantom design attributes include: i) small physical size, ii) easy and low‐cost construction, iii) definable compartment volumes, and iv) experimental control over media content and flow rate. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 39B: 149–158, 2011
Inference‐Based Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Authors: Taillon Annie , O'Connor Kieron , Dupuis Gilles , Lavoie Marc 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a debilitating disorder characterized by an excessive pre‐occupation with an imagined or very slight defect in one's physical appearance. Despite the overall success of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in treating BDD, some people do not seem to benefit as much from this approach. Those with high overvalued ideation (OVI), for instance, have been shown to not respond well with CBT. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an inference‐based therapy (IBT) in treating BDD. IBT is a cognitive intervention that was first developed for obsessive–compulsive disorder with high OVI, but whose focus on beliefs can also apply to a BDD population. IBT conceptualizes BDD obsessions (e.g., ‘I feel like my head is deformed’) as idiosyncratic inferences arrived at through inductive reasoning processes. Such primary inferences represent the starting point of obsessional doubt and the treatment focuses on addressing the faulty inferences that maintain the doubt. Thirteen BDD participants, of whom 10 completed, underwent a 20‐week IBT for BDD. The participants improved significantly over the course of therapy, with large diminutions in BDD and depressive symptoms. OVI also decreased throughout therapy and was not found to be related to reduction in BDD symptoms. Although a controlled‐trial comparing CBT with IBT is needed, it is proposed that IBT constitutes a promising treatment alternative for BDD especially in cases where OVI is high. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

An inference‐based therapy (IBT) may be effective in treating BDD.
Unlike CBT, in IBT, overvalued ideation does not appear to negatively impact decrease in BDD symptomatology.
Identifying QoS violations through statistical end‐to‐end analysis
Authors: Zhou LiFeng , Chen Lei , Pung Hung Keng , Ngoh Lek Heng 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYMultimedia transmission over the network is susceptible to various runtime impairments such as process failure, network congestion or link error. Existing work usually determines such quality of service (QoS) violations through condition–action rules, which trigger corresponding actions once pre‐described conditions are satisfied. However, the results of such rigid rules are often not satisfactory in practice in that there has been little serious study with respect to the relationship between the root cause of a QoS violation and the observed violation phenomenon.In this paper, we introduce a statistical approach to the analysis of QoS violations. We propose and validate through experiments that: (1) a type of QoS violation will present consistent symptoms in terms of the observed application performance and end‐to‐end traffic pattern. Such a violation can be recognized once the similar symptoms repeat during a QoS session. (2) QoS violations of different nature (e.g. caused by shortage of different resources) will present diverse symptoms. Using a set of end‐to‐end statistics, we are able to describe and differentiate between QoS violations. We propose a fast orthonormal algorithm for real‐time training/classification of QoS violations and prove that this algorithm is universal approximation. We also extend the scope of hidden neurons from kernel functions to additive functions for higher classification accuracy. Our experiments validate our ideas and show the effectiveness of our approach in terms of training overhead and classification accuracy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracellular matrix molecules, their receptors, and secreted proteases in synaptic plasticity
Authors: Wlodarczyk Jakub , Mukhina Irina , Kaczmarek Leszek , Dityatev Alexander 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNeural cells secrete diverse molecules, which accumulate in the extracellular space and form the extracellular matrix (ECM). Interactions between cells and the ECM are well recognized to play the crucial role in cell migration and guidance of growing axons, whereas formation of mature neural ECM in the form of perineuronal nets is believed to restrict certain forms of developmental plasticity. On the other hand, major components of perineuronal nets and other ECM molecules support induction of functional plasticity, the most studied form of which is long‐term potentiation. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms by which ECM molecules, their receptors and remodeling proteases regulate the induction and maintenance of synaptic modifications. In particular, we highlight that activity‐dependent secretion and activation of proteases leads to a local cleavage of the ECM and release of signaling proteolytic fragments. These molecules regulate transmitter receptor trafficking, actin cytoskeleton, growth of dendritic spines, and formation of dendritic filopodia. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 1040‐1053, 2011