bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolvin D1 attenuates activation of sensory transient receptor potential channels leading to multiple anti‐nociception
Authors: Bang S , Yoo S , Yang TJ , Cho H , Kim YG , Hwang SW 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSETemperature‐sensitive transient receptor potential ion channels (thermoTRPs) expressed in primary sensory neurons and skin keratinocytes play a crucial role as peripheral pain detectors. Many natural and synthetic ligands have been found to act on thermoTRPs, but little is known about endogenous compounds that inhibit these TRPs. Here, we asked whether resolvin D1 (RvD1), a naturally occurring anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolving lipid molecule is able to affect the TRP channel activation.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHWe examined the effect of RvD1 on the six thermoTRPs using Ca2+imaging and whole cell electrophysiology experiments using the HEK cell heterologous expression system, cultured sensory neurons and HaCaT keratinocytes. We also checked changes in agonist‐specific acute licking/flicking or flinching behaviours and TRP‐related mechanical and thermal pain behaviours using Hargreaves, Randall‐Selitto and von Frey assay systems with or without inflammation.KEY RESULTSRvD1 inhibited the activities of TRPA1, TRPV3 and TRPV4 at nanomolar and micromolar levels. Consistent attenuations in agonist‐specific acute pain behaviours by immediate peripheral administration with RvD1 were also observed. Furthermore, local pretreatment with RvD1 significantly reversed mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in inflamed tissues.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSRvD1 was a novel endogenous inhibitor for several sensory TRPs. The results of our behavioural studies suggest that RvD1 has an analgesic potential via these TRP‐related mechanisms.
Interpreting Territory and Power
Authors: Bevir Mark 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe article offers an interpretive approach to understanding Jim Bulpitt'sTerritory and Power in the United Kingdom. The first two parts interpret Bulpitt's text by locating it respectively in its historical and contemporaneous contexts. It argues thatTerritory and Powerbelongs in a broader movement to rethink the state in a way that accommodates the rise of new behavioural topics.Territory and Poweralso defends modernist empiricist approaches to institutions and other mid-level topics against the positivism and general theories of behaviouralism. The final part points to an interpretive approach to the state as an alternative to the behaviouralism and institutionalism that lurk behind Bulpitt's ideas. A thoroughly interpretive approach would decentre territory and power, revealing them to be contingent and shifting products of struggles over meanings.
The FDA Alert on Serotonin Syndrome With Use of Triptans Combined With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors or Selective Serotonin‐Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors: American Headache Society Position Paper
Authors: Evans Randolph W. , Tepper Stewart J. , Shapiro Robert E. , Sun‐Edelstein Christina , Tietjen Gretchen E. 
Published: June 2010

(Headache 2010;50:1089‐1099)Background.— In 2006, a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) alert warned about the potential life‐threatening risk of serotonin syndrome when triptans are used in combination with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or selective serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). This American Headache Society Position Paper further reviews the available evidence of the potential risk of combining triptans with other serotonergic agents.Methods.— Using the Sternbach Criteria or the Hunter Serotonin Toxicity Criteria, the 29 cases used as the basis for the FDA alert were assessed in addition to a more recently published clinical review of 11 case reports of serotonin syndrome resulting from monotherapy, and one report of combination serotonergic agents. Evidence was evaluated according to the American Academy of Neurology Clinical Practice Guideline Process Manual.Results.— Collectively, 40 case reports are available in the literature for subjects receiving either combination or monotherapy of serotonin agonists, all of which are limited to Class IV level of evidence. Of the 29 cases used as the basis for the FDA alert, 10 cases actually met the Sternbach Criteria for diagnosing serotonin syndrome. No cases fulfilled the Hunter Criteria for serotonin toxicity. One case published since the original report does not meet either criteria, and subsequently reported cases involving triptan monotherapy include insufficient details to confirm a diagnosis of serotonin syndrome.Recommendations.— With only Class IV evidence available in the literature and available through the FDA registration of adverse events, inadequate data are available to determine the risk of serotonin syndrome with the addition of a triptan to SSRIs/SNRIs or with triptan monotherapy. The currently available evidence does not support limiting the use of triptans with SSRIs or SNRIs, or the use of triptan monotherapy, due to concerns for serotonin syndrome (Level U). However, given the seriousness of serotonin syndrome, caution is certainly warranted and clinicians should be vigilant to serotonin toxicity symptoms and signs to insure prompt treatment. Health care providers should report potential cases to MedWatch and consider submitting them for publication.
Implanted Auriculotemporal Nerve Stimulator for the Treatment of Refractory Chronic Migraine
Authors: Simopoulos Thomas , Bajwa Zahid , Lantz George , Lee Steve , Burstein Rami 
Published: June 2010

Objective.— To report a case of improved pain control and function in a patient with chronic migraine after treatment with auriculotemporal nerve stimulation.Methods.— The patient is a 52‐year‐old woman with refractory pain in the bilateral temporal distribution and marked phonophobia as a result of chronic migraine.Results.— After a successful trial period, the patient underwent implantation of bilateral peripheral nerve stimulators targeting the auriculotemporal nerves. At 16 months of follow up, her average pain intensity declined from 8‐9/10 on the numeric rating scale to 5/10. Her function improved as assessed by the Migraine Disability Assessment, from total disability (grade IV) to mild disability (grade II). Her phonophobia became far less debilitating.Conclusion.— Auriculotemporal nerve stimulation may be useful tool in the treatment of refractory pain in the temporal distribution due to chronic migraine.
Dihydroergotamine and Its Use in Migraine With Posterior Fossa Symptoms
Authors: Whyte Chad A. , Stillman Mark J. , Tepper Stewart J. 
Published: June 2010

Background.— Dihydroergotamine (DHE) has been used for decades to treat migraine, but is currently contraindicated in patients with hemiplegic migraine and basilar‐type migraine (BTM).Objective.— To assess the safety of DHE in patients with symptoms of BTM that do not meet criteria for BTM.Methods.— Retrospective analysis of patients admitted to an outpatient infusion room at a tertiary care center caring for patients with headache disorders. Incidence and types of adverse events as well as pain levels were reviewed and analyzed. Pain was assessed via the visual analog scale (VAS).Results.— Fifty consecutive patient records were reviewed. Mean age was 38.42. All patients met International Classification of Headache Disorders‐II (ICHD‐II) criteria for migraine and reported 1 posterior fossa symptom as defined by the ICHD‐II criteria for BTM. Patients did not necessarily have a posterior fossa symptom in the attack treated. Eighteen percent (9/50) patients had adverse events, and only 3 of these halted DHE infusion. No patients had neurologic or cardiologic events. The mean decrease in pain was 3 points on the VAS (P < .0001). Sixty‐two percent of patients achieved complete relief of headache with co‐administration of DHE and other medications.Conclusion.— Dihydroergotamine showed no serious adverse events in patients with 1 posterior fossa symptom and migraine. Larger, adequately powered, controlled, prospective trials are indicated to assess safety of DHE in BTM.
Rates and Predictors of Starting a Triptan: Results From the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study
Authors: Bigal Marcelo E. , Buse Dawn C. , Chen Ya‐Ting , Golden Wendy , Serrano Daniel , Chu Min Kyung , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: June 2010

Background.— Although diagnostic rates for migraine have increased over the past 5 years, the proportion of migraine sufferers using triptans has remained essentially stable.Objectives.— To assess the rate of onset of new triptan prescriptions among persons with migraine and the predictors of initiating therapy.Methods.— The American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study is a longitudinal study conducted in a representative sample of headache sufferers in the US population. Episodic migraineurs not using triptans in 2005 who continued to have migraine and provided treatment data in 2006 (n = 6865) were included. We assessed predictors of triptan use in univariate and multivariate analyses, including 3 nested models. In Model 1, we adjusted for demographic variables. Model 2 added headache‐related disability and cutaneous allodynia. Model 3 added depression and use of preventive headache medications.Results.— Among individuals not using triptans in 2005, triptan use in 2006 occurred in 4.9% of the sample. In unadjusted analyses, gender and race were not associated with use of triptan. Use was lower in those aged 60 years or more vs those 18‐29 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2‐0.7, P = .001). Taking individuals with no disability as the reference, mild (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.03‐2.01, P = .03), moderate (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.1‐2.2, P = .01) and severe disability (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.55‐3.09, P < .0001) predicted triptan use. In the adjusted models, age, income, insurance, disability and preventive medication use were associated with triptan use. Gender, race, education and depression were not.Conclusions.— New use of triptans is low in the population. Because adequacy of care was not assessed, future studies should focus on investigating whether this low rate of triptan start is proper or if it reflects an unmet treatment need.
Binge Drinking and Suboptimal Self‐Rated Health Among Adult Drinkers
Authors: Tsai James , Ford Earl S. , Li Chaoyang , Pearson William S. , Zhao Guixiang 
Published: June 2010

Background:  Binge drinking accounts for more than half of the 79,000 annual deaths in the United States that are owing to excessive drinking. The overall objective of our study was to examine the prevalence of binge drinking and consumption levels associated with suboptimal self‐rated health among the general population of adult drinkers in all 50 states and territories in the United States.Methods:  The study included a total of 200,587 current drinkers who participated in the 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. We estimated the prevalence of binge drinking (i.e., ≥5 drinks on 1 occasion for men or ≥4 drinks on 1 occasion for women) and heavy drinking (i.e., an average of >14 drinks per week for men or >7 drinks per week for women), as well as the average number of binge episodes per person during a 30‐day period. Odds ratios were produced with multivariate logistic regression models using binge‐drinking levels as a predictor; status of suboptimal self‐rated health was used as an outcome variable while controlling for sociodemographic, health, and behavioral risk factors.Results:  We estimate that 34.7 million adult drinkers in the United States engaged in binge drinking in 2008, including an estimated 42.2% who reported either heavy drinking or at least 4 binge‐drinking episodes in a 30‐day period. Binge drinking with such levels was associated with a 13–23% increased likelihood of reporting suboptimal self‐rated health, when compared to the nonbinge drinkers.Conclusions:  Binge drinking continues to be a serious public health concern. Frequent binge drinkers or binge drinkers who consume alcohol heavily are especially at risk of suboptimal self‐rated health. Our findings underscore the importance of broad‐based implementation in health care settings of screening for and brief interventions to address alcohol misuse, as well as the continuing need to implement effective population‐based prevention strategies to reduce alcohol‐related morbidity and mortality.
Trends in Alcohol‐Related Traffic Risk Behaviors Among College Students
Authors: Beck Kenneth H. , Kasperski Sarah J. , Caldeira Kimberly M. , Vincent Kathryn B. , O’Grady Kevin E. , Arria Amelia M. 
Published: June 2010

Background:  Alcohol‐impaired driving is a major public health problem. National studies indicate that about 25% of college students have driven while intoxicated in the past month and an even greater percentage drive after drinking any alcohol and/or ride with an intoxicated driver. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the change in these various alcohol‐related traffic risk behaviors as students progressed through their college experience.Methods:  A cohort of 1,253 first‐time first‐year students attending a large, mid‐Atlantic university were interviewed annually for 4 years. Repeated measures analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations to evaluate age‐related changes in prevalence and frequency of each behavior (i.e., ages 19 to 22).Results:  At age 19, 17%wt of students drove while intoxicated, 42%wt drove after drinking any alcohol, and 38%wt rode with an intoxicated driver. For all 3 driving behaviors, prevalence and frequency increased significantly at age 21. Males were more likely to engage in these behaviors than females. To understand the possible relationship of these behaviors to changes in drinking patterns, a post hoc analysis was conducted and revealed that while drinking frequency increased every year, frequency of drunkenness was stable for females, but increased for males.Conclusions:  Alcohol‐related traffic risk behaviors are quite common among college students and take a significant upturn when students reach the age of 21. Prevention strategies targeted to the college population are needed to prevent serious consequences of these alcohol‐related traffic risk behaviors.
Disparities in Influenza Vaccine Coverage in the United States, 2008
Authors: Linn Shauna T. , Guralnik Jack M. , Patel Kushang V. 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine the distribution of influenza vaccine coverage in the United States in 2008.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional analysis.SETTING: The 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, which employs random‐digit dialing to interview noninstitutionalized adults in the United States and territories.PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred forty‐nine thousand seven hundred twenty‐three persons aged 50 and older.MEASUREMENTS: Participants were asked whether they had had an influenza vaccination during the previous 12 months.RESULTS: In 2008, 42.0% of adults aged 50 to 64 and 69.5% of adults aged 65 and older reported receiving an influenza vaccination in the past 12 months. Vaccine coverage generally increased with advancing age (P<.001), higher levels of education (P<.001) and total household income (P<.001), and greater morbidity (P<.001). In participants aged 50 to 64, vaccine prevalence was lower in men (39.9%) than in women (44.1%; P<.001), although no significant differences were observed in older adults. Within each 5‐year interval of age, non‐Hispanic blacks and Hispanics had significantly lower vaccine prevalence than non‐Hispanic whites (P<.001 for all comparisons). For participants aged 65 and older, non‐Hispanic blacks and Hispanics were 56% (adjusted prevalence ratio (PR)=1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.48, 1.64) and 44% (adjusted PR=1.44, 95% CI=1.35, 1.54) more likely, respectively, to be unvaccinated than non‐Hispanic whites, adjusting for age and sex. Racial and ethnic disparities in vaccine coverage narrowed with increasing number of diseases, although these disparities remained significant in older adults with two or more diseases (P<.05).CONCLUSION: There were large disparities in influenza vaccine coverage in 2008, particularly across race and ethnicity and socioeconomic position. Accordingly, more targeted interventions are needed to improve vaccine delivery to disadvantaged segments of the U.S. population.
Age‐Varying Association Between Statin Use and Incident Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Li Ge , Shofer Jane B. , Rhew Isaac C. , Kukull Walter A. , Peskind Elaine R. , McCormick Wayne , Bowen James D. , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Crane Paul K. , Breitner John C.S. , Larson Eric B. 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether risk reduction of statins for Alzheimer's disease (AD) varies by age or presence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele.DESIGN: A cohort of cognitively intact elderly participants was assessed biennially for dementia and AD.SETTING: Community based.PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand three hundred ninety‐two members of a health maintenance organization (HMO) aged 65 and older and without dementia.MEASUREMENTS: Statin use was identified from the HMO pharmacy database, and proportional hazards models were applied with statin use as a time‐dependent covariate to assess the association between statins and AD and the modifying effects of age and the APOE ɛ4 allele.RESULTS: Over an average of 6.1 years of follow‐up of 3,099 participants, 263 participants developed probable AD. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for statin use was 0.62 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.40–0.97) for AD in models including demographic characteristics and vascular risk factors as covariates. The strength of the association between statins and AD diminished with age (statin‐by–age at entry interaction P=.04); the aHR in those younger than 80 was 0.44 (95% CI=0.25–0.78), versus 1.22 (95% CI=0.61–2.42) for aged 80 and older. The interaction term for statin use–by–APOE ɛ4 was not significant (P=.65).CONCLUSION: This enlarged study confirms earlier findings that statin therapy in early old age, but not in late age, may be associated with a lower risk of AD. The relationship between statin use and AD was consistent across APOE genotypes.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Fecal Incontinence in Black and White Older Adults: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Markland Alayne D. , Goode Patricia S. , Burgio Kathryn L. , Redden David T. , Richter Holly E. , Sawyer Patricia , Allman Richard M. 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of fecal incontinence (FI) in community‐dwelling older adults and identify risk factors associated with incident FI.DESIGN: Planned secondary analysis of a longitudinal, population‐based cohort study.SETTING: Three rural and two urban Alabama counties (in‐home assessments 2000–2005).PARTICIPANTS: Stratified random sample of 1,000 Medicare beneficiaries: 25% African‐American men, 25% white men, 25% African‐American women, 25% white women, aged 65 and older. Eligible participants for this analysis were continent at baseline and community‐dwelling 4 years later (n=557).MEASUREMENTS: FI was defined as any loss of control of bowels occurring during the previous year. Independent variables were sociodemographics, Charlson comorbidity counts, self‐reported bowel symptoms (chronic diarrhea and constipation), depression, and body mass index (BMI). Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed using incident FI as the dependent variable.RESULTS: The incidence rate of FI at 4 years was 17% (95% confidence interval (CI)=13.7–20.1), with 6% developing FI at least monthly (95% CI=4.0–8.3). White women were more likely to have incident FI (22%) than African‐American women (13%, P=.04); no racial differences were observed in men. Controlling for age, comorbidity count, and BMI, significant independent risk factors for incident FI in women were white race, depression, chronic diarrhea, and urinary incontinence (UI). UI was the only significant risk factor for incident FI in men.CONCLUSION: The occurrence of new FI is common in men and women aged 65 and older, with a 17% incidence rate over 4 years. FI and UI may share common pathophysiologic mechanisms and need regular assessment in older adults.
Cross‐Cultural Differences in Mental Representations of Time: Evidence From an Implicit Nonlinguistic Task
Authors: Fuhrman Orly , Boroditsky Lera 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAcross cultures people construct spatial representations of time. However, the particular spatial layouts created to represent time may differ across cultures. This paper examines whether people automatically access and use culturally specific spatial representations when reasoning about time. In Experiment 1, we asked Hebrew and English speakers to arrange pictures depicting temporal sequences of natural events, and to point to the hypothesized location of events relative to a reference point. In both tasks, English speakers (who read left to right) arranged temporal sequences to progress from left to right, whereas Hebrew speakers (who read right to left) arranged them from right to left, replicating previous work. In Experiments 2 and 3, we asked the participants to make rapid temporal order judgments about pairs of pictures presented one after the other (i.e., to decide whether the second picture showed a conceptually earlier or later time‐point of an event than the first picture). Participants made responses using two adjacent keyboard keys. English speakers were faster to make “earlier” judgments when the “earlier” response needed to be made with the left response key than with the right response key. Hebrew speakers showed exactly the reverse pattern. Asking participants to use a space‐time mapping inconsistent with the one suggested by writing direction in their language created interference, suggesting that participants were automatically creating writing‐direction consistent spatial representations in the course of their normal temporal reasoning. It appears that people automatically access culturally specific spatial representations when making temporal judgments even in nonlinguistic tasks.
Composition in Distributional Models of Semantics
Authors: Mitchell Jeff , Lapata Mirella 
Published: June 2010

AbstractVector‐based models of word meaning have become increasingly popular in cognitive science. The appeal of these models lies in their ability to represent meaning simply by using distributional information under the assumption that words occurring within similar contexts are semantically similar. Despite their widespread use, vector‐based models are typically directed at representing words in isolation, and methods for constructing representations for phrases or sentences have received little attention in the literature. This is in marked contrast to experimental evidence (e.g., in sentential priming) suggesting that semantic similarity is more complex than simply a relation between isolated words. This article proposes a framework for representing the meaning of word combinations in vector space. Central to our approach is vector composition, which we operationalize in terms of additive and multiplicative functions. Under this framework, we introduce a wide range of composition models that we evaluate empirically on a phrase similarity task.