bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alpha‐internexin expression predicts outcome in anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors and may positively impact the efficacy of chemotherapy
Authors: Mokhtari Karima , Ducray François , Kros Johan M. , Gorlia Thierry , Idbaih Ahmed , Taphoorn Martin , Wesseling Pieter , Hoang‐Xuan Khe , Van den Bent Martin , Sanson Marc 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although it has been demonstrated that the neuronal intermediate filament alpha‐internexin (INA) is closely related to 1p19q codeletion in gliomas, its prognostic and predictive value has not yet been confirmed in a prospective trial. The authors of this report assessed the prognostic significance of INA expression and its correlation with relevant clinical and molecular characteristics in the prospective, randomized European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) 26951 trial of adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) in patients with anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors (AOTs).METHODS:INA immunohistochemistry expression in tumors from 92 patients who were included in the EORTC 26951 trial was analyzed independently by 2 observers and was correlated with relevant clinical characteristics, including progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and with molecular features, including 1p/19q codeletion, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 gene (IDH1/IDH2) mutation, and O‐6 methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status.RESULTS:INA expression was observed in 33 tumors and was strongly correlated with 1p/19q codeletion, IDH1 mutations, and MGMT promoter methylation. It was associated with significantly better PFS and OS independent of the treatment received. By using Cox proportional hazard modeling for OS with stepwise selection, INA expression, patient age, and performance status were identified as independent prognostic factors. The results indicated that INA expression may have an impact on the efficacy of combined radiotherapy plus PCV.CONCLUSIONS:In a homogeneously treated group of patients with grade III AOTs, INA expression had strong favorable prognostic significance for OS and may have predictive value for sensitivity to chemotherapy. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Immunohistochemical subtyping of nonsmall cell lung cancer not otherwise specified in fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Righi Luisella , Graziano Paolo , Fornari Alessandro , Rossi Giulio , Barbareschi Mattia , Cavazza Alberto , Pelosi Giuseppe , Scagliotti Giorgio V. , Papotti Mauro 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Histopathological subtyping of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is currently relevant in treatment decision because of a differential activity of specific therapeutic agents. Immunohistochemistry highlights cell differentiation lineages and, in this study, it was applied to maximize the proportion of accurately subtyped NSCLC not otherwise specified (NOS) on fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples.METHODS:Cell blocks from 103 FNAC samples with a morphological diagnosis of NSCLC‐NOS were immunostained for cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK5, TTF1, and p63, whereas p40, napsin A (Naps‐A), and desmocollin‐3 (DSC‐3) were only assessed in a subgroup of cases with discordant (CK7 and TTF1+ for nonsquamous, CK5 and p63+ for squamous) findings. Results were correlated with surgical specimens evaluated by morphology alone.RESULTS:Thirty‐seven (36%) tumors with CK7/TTF1+ and CK5/p63− corresponded to 35 cases of adenocarcinoma (ADC) and 2 cases of large cell carcinoma, whereas 9 (9%) cases with the reverse immunoprofile were squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) at surgery (P < .001). Although the remaining 57 cases had different marker combinations, a correlation was found with ADC histology for TTF1+ samples (independent of other markers) and with SQCC for p63+/TTF1− immunophenotype (P < .001). p40 was never expressed in p63+ ADC, whereas Naps‐A was restricted to ADC and DSC‐3 to SQCC lineage. The percentage of unclassified NSCLC‐NOS decreased from 36% to 14%. Combinations of 2 antibodies (TTF1/DSC‐3 or p63/Naps‐A) in the same section allowed diagnostic optimization in scant cytological samples.CONCULSIONS:This 4‐antibody panel approach may contribute to refine lung cancer classification in FNAC cell blocks, remarkably reducing the NSCLC‐NOS diagnostic category. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Nodal yield and survival in oral squamous cancer
Authors: Ebrahimi Ardalan , Zhang Wan J. , Gao Kan , Clark Jonathan R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Elective neck dissection (END) is commonly used as a staging and therapeutic procedure for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at high risk of nodal metastases. The authors aimed to determine whether the extent of lymphadenectomy, as defined by nodal yield, is a prognostic factor in this setting.METHODS:A retrospective database review identified 225 patients undergoing END with curative intent for oral SCC between 1987 and 2009. Nodal yield was studied as a categorical variable for association with overall, disease‐specific, and disease‐free survival in univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTS:Nodal yield <18 was associated with 5‐year overall survival of 51% compared with 74% in those with nodal yield ≥18 (P = .009). Five‐year disease‐specific survival rates were 69% in those with <18 nodes and 87% in patients with ≥18 nodes (P = .022). Similar results were obtained for disease‐free survival, with 5‐year rates of 44% with <18 nodes versus 71% with ≥18 nodes (P = .043). After adjusting for the effect of age, nodal status, T stage, and adjuvant radiotherapy on multivariate analysis, nodal yield <18 was associated with reduced overall (hazard ratio [HR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1‐3.6; P = .020), disease‐specific (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1‐4.5; P = .043), and disease‐free survival (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1‐2.8; P = .040). In the pathologically lymph node‐negative subgroup (n = 148), similar results were obtained.CONCLUSIONS:Nodal yield is an independent prognostic factor in patients undergoing END for oral SCC. These results suggest that an adequate lymphadenectomy in this setting should include at least 18 nodes. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Isolated limb perfusion for unresectable extremity sarcoma
Authors: Wray Curtis J. , Benjamin Robert S. , Hunt Kelly K. , Cormier Janice N. , Ross Merrick I. , Feig Barry W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Controversy has surrounded the role of isolated limb perfusion (ILP) for unresectable extremity sarcomas. However, there remains a group of sarcoma patients for whom amputation is the only potential treatment. Because systemic therapies are limited, the authors evaluated ILP in an effort to provide a limb‐salvage option.METHODS:Since 1995, patients with unresectable extremity sarcomas were entered in 2 prospective trials using ILP. Study 1 used tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and melphalan in the perfusion circuit at hyperthermic temperatures (39‐41°C). Study 2 used doxorubicin at normothermic temperatures. All ILPs were performed using the standard, previously described technique.RESULTS:Seventeen patients were entered into study 1; there were 10 (58%) partial responses, 1 (6%) near complete response (CR), 1 (6%) CR, and 5 (30%) no response/minor response. Fourteen patients died of their disease, with a median follow‐up of 17 months. Seven (41%) patients maintained their limb intact until the time of death. Twelve patients were entered into study 2; there were no partial or CRs and 2 (20%) minor responses. With a median follow‐up of 35 months, there are 3 patients alive (2 with their extremity intact and 1 with an amputation). Six patients developed myonecrosis with creatine phosphokinase levels up to 54,000 U/dL.CONCLUSIONS:Although doxorubicin is active systemically, TNF and melphalan appear to have greater activity and less toxicity during ILP. Future clinical trials are needed to clearly identify the role for ILP in patients with unresectable extremity sarcomas. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Comorbidities and mammography use interact to explain racial/ethnic disparities in breast cancer stage at diagnosis
Authors: Yasmeen Shagufta , Xing Guibo , Morris Cyllene , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Romano Patrick S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Interactions with comorbidity burden and comorbidity‐related care have not been examined as potential explanations for racial/ethnic disparities in advanced‐stage breast cancer at diagnosis.METHODS:The authors used linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare data to determine whether comorbidity burden and comorbidity‐related care are associated with stage at diagnosis, whether these associations are mediated by mammography use, and whether they explain racial/ethnic disparities. Stage at diagnosis and mammography use were analyzed in multivariate regression models, adjusting for comorbidity burden and comorbidity‐race interactions among 118,742 women diagnosed with breast cancer during 1993 to 2005.RESULTS:Mammography utilization was higher among women with ≥3 stable comorbidities than among those without comorbidities. Advanced stage at diagnosis was associated with black race (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6‐1.8), Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2‐1.5), unstable comorbidity, and age ≥80 years. Mammography was protective in all racial/ethnic groups, but neither mammography use (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.3‐0.3 and OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.2‐0.2 for women with 1 and ≥2 prior mammograms, respectively) nor overall physician service use (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.7‐0.8 for women with ≥16 visits) explained the association between race/ethnicity and stage at diagnosis. The black/white OR fell to 1.2 (95% CI, 0.9‐1.5) among women with multiple stable comorbidities who received ≥2 screening mammograms, and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.8‐1.3) among mammography users with unstable comorbidities.CONCLUSIONS:Comorbidity burden was associated with regular mammography and earlier stage at diagnosis. Racial/ethnic disparities in late stage disease were reduced among women who received both regular mammograms and comorbidity‐related care. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Epigenetic mechanisms for silencing glutathione S‐transferase m2 expression by hypermethylated specificity protein 1 binding in lung cancer
Authors: Tang Sheau‐Chung , Wu Ming‐Fang , Wong Ruey‐Hong , Liu Yu‐Fan , Tang Lee‐Chun , Lai Chien‐Hung , Hsu Chung‐Ping , Ko Jiunn‐Liang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Glutathione S‐transferases M2 (GST‐M2) is a detoxifying enzyme. Low expression levels of GST‐M2 have been detected in lung cancer cells. However, little is known about the regulation of GST‐M2 in lung cancer cells. In this study, the authors investigated the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of GST‐M2 in lung cancer cells.METHODS:The authors evaluated the promoter methylation of GST‐M2 in lung cancer cells after treatment with the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5′‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5′‐aza‐dC). Reporter activity assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), electrophoretic mobility‐shift assays, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) assays were used to determine whether the methylation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) affected binding to the GST‐M2 promoter or regulated GST‐M2 transcription. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine GST‐M2 and DNMT‐3b messenger RNA levels in 73 nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues.RESULTS:GST‐M2 expression was restored after treatment with 5′‐aza‐dC in lung cancer cells. GST‐M2 exhibited high frequency of promoter hypermethylation in lung cancer cells and NSCLC tumor tissues. CpG hypermethylation abated Sp1 binding to the GST‐M2 promoter in lung cancer. Knockdown of Sp1 in normal lung cells reduced GST‐M2 expression, and silencing of DNMT‐3b increased GST‐M2 expression in lung cancer cells. In addition, DNMT‐3b expression was significantly higher in lung tumors with low levels of GST‐M2 expression than in lung tumors with high levels of GST‐M2 expression, especially among women and among patients who had stage I disease.CONCLUSIONS:Epigenetic silencing of GST‐M2 was distinguished from Sp1‐mediated GST‐M2 transcriptional expression. The authors concluded that this represents a mechanism that leads to decreased expression of GST‐M2 in lung cancer cells. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Dapsone‐induced methemoglobinemia
Authors: Esbenshade Adam J. , Ho Richard H. , Shintani Ayumi , Zhao Zhiguo , Smith Lesley‐Ann , Friedman Debra L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Dapsone, used for Pneumocystis jiroveci (PCP) prophylaxis, is associated with increased risk of methemoglobinemia. Absence of cytochrome b5 reductase enzyme activity causes congenital methemoglobinemia, but its role in dapsone‐associated methemoglobinemia is unknown. The authors sought to elucidate drug‐related risk factors for dapsone‐associated methemoglobinemia in pediatric oncology patients, including contribution of cytochrome b5 reductase enzyme activity.METHODS:Among 167 pediatric patients treated for hematologic malignancies or aplastic anemia who received dapsone for PCP prophylaxis, demographic and dapsone treatment data were retrospectively collected. Drug‐related risk factors were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards, and in a cross‐sectional subgroup of 40 patients, cytochrome b5 reductase enzyme activity was assessed.RESULTS:Methemoglobinemia (median methemoglobin level = 9.0% [3.5‐22.4]) was documented in 32 (19.8%) patients. There was a 73% risk reduction in methemoglobinemia with dosing ≥20% below the target dose of 2 mg/kg/d (hazard ratio [HR], 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09‐0.78; P = .016), whereas methemoglobinemia risk was increased with dosing ≥20% above the target dose (HR, 6.25; 95% CI, 2.45‐15.93; P < .001). Sex, body mass index, and age were not associated with increased risk. Cytochrome b5 reductase enzyme activity did not differ by methemoglobinemia status (median 8.6 IU/g hemoglobin [Hb]; [5.5‐12.1] vs 9.1 IU/g Hb; [6.7‐12.7]). No patient developed PCP on dapsone.CONCLUSIONS:Methemoglobinemia occurred in almost 20% of pediatric oncology patients receiving dapsone for PCP prophylaxis. Higher dapsone dosing is associated with increased risk. A cross‐sectionally acquired cytochrome b5 reductase enzyme activity level was not associated with methemoglobinemia risk. Studies are needed to define biologic correlates of methemoglobinemia and evaluate lower dapsone doses for PCP prophylaxis. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Introduction to electron crystallography
Authors: Hovmöller S. , Zou Xiaodong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEverything in Nature, macroscopic or microscopic, inorganic, organic or biological, has its specific properties. Most properties of matter depend on the atomic structures, and many techniques have been developed over the centuries for structure analysis. The greatest of them all, structure analysis of single crystals by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray crystallography, was founded in 1912, and remains the most important technique for studying structures of periodically ordered objects at atomic resolution. Electron diffraction of single crystals was discovered fifteen years later by Thomson, Davisson and Germer. The wave property of electrons was exploited in the invention of the electron microscope by Knoll and Ruska in 1932. Since then, electron microscopes have been used in many fields as a tool for exploring and visualising the microscopic world in all its beauty. Between the first blurred images and today's sharp atomic resolution lies seventy years of untiring engineering. More recently, the unprecedented power of computers has made it possible to analyse quantitatively, and even further improve, these images. The amalgamation of electron diffraction and atomic resolution electron microscopy with crystallographic image processing has created a new powerful tool for structure analysis ‐ electron crystallography. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystallization of β‐glycine by spray drying
Authors: Sander A. , Penović T. , Šipušić J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGlycine crystallization during spray drying has been investigated on a laboratory scale. In order to obtain different polymorphs the experiments have been performed at different hot air temperatures, concentrations, different flow of the solution and spraying air. The obtained crystals were analyzed by means of X‐ray powder diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry and the Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Crystallization mostly resulted with a mixture of α‐ and β‐glycine with a small amount of γ‐glycine. The glycine polymorphism is affected by the drying air temperature, concentration and the flow of the solution, as well as the spraying air flow. Decrease of the drying air temperature and increase of the solution flow rate causes the increase of the quantity of β‐glycine. At room conditions, β‐glycine spontaneously transforms into thermodynamically more stable α‐glycine. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chemical Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Using Amine–Boranes
Authors: Babu Kalidindi Suresh , Sanyal Udishnu , Jagirdar Balaji R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe development of new synthetic strategies to obtain monodisperse metal nanoparticles on large scales is an attractive prospect in the context of sustainability. Recently, amine–boranes, the classical Lewis acid–base adducts, have been employed as reducing agents for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. They offer several advantages over the traditional reducing agents like the borohydrides; for example, a much better control of the rate of reduction and, hence, the particle size distribution of metal nanoparticles; diversity in their reducing abilities by varying the substituents on the nitrogen atom; and solubility in various protic and aprotic solvents. Amine–boranes have not only been used successfully as reducing agents in solution but also in solventless conditions, in which along with the reduction of the metal precursor, they undergo in situ transformation to afford the stabilizing agent for the generated metal nanoparticles, thereby bringing about atom economy as well. The use of amine boranes for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles has experienced an explosive growth in a very short period of time. In this Minireview, recent progress on the use of amine boranes for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, with a focus towards the development of pathways for sustainability, is discussed.
Aminosilica Materials as Adsorbents for the Selective Removal of Aldehydes and Ketones from Simulated Bio‐Oil
Authors: Drese Jeffrey H. , Talley Anne D. , Jones Christopher W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe fast pyrolysis of biomass is a potential route to the production of liquid biorenewable fuel sources. However, degradation of the bio‐oil mixtures due to reaction of oxygenates, such as aldehydes and ketones, reduces the stability of the liquids and can impact long‐term storage and shipping. Herein, solid aminosilica adsorbents are described for the selective adsorptive removal of reactive aldehyde and ketone species. Three aminosilica adsorbents are prepared through the reaction of amine‐containing silanes with pore‐expanded mesoporous silica. A fourth aminosilica adsorbent is prepared through the ring‐opening polymerization of aziridine from pore‐expanded mesoporous silica. Adsorption experiments with a representative mixture of bio‐oil model compounds are presented using each adsorbent at room temperature and 45 °C. The adsorbent comprising only primary amines adsorbs the largest amount of aldehydes and ketones. The overall reactivity of this adsorbent increases with increasing temperature. Additional aldehyde screening experiments show that the reactivity of aldehydes with aminosilicas varies depending on their chemical functionality. Initial attempts to regenerate an aminosilica adsorbent by acid hydrolysis show that they can be at least partially regenerated for further use.
Wnt5a regulates growth, patterning, and odontoblast differentiation of developing mouse tooth
Authors: Lin Minkui , Li Lu , Liu Chao , Liu Hongbing , He Fenglei , Yan Fuhua , Zhang Yanding , Chen YiPing 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWnt/β‐catenin signaling is essential for tooth development beyond the bud stage, but little is known about the role of non‐canonical Wnt signaling in odontogenesis. Here we compared the expression of Wnt5a, a representative of noncanonical Wnts, with that of Ror2, the Wnt5a receptor for non‐canonical signaling, in the developing tooth, and analyzed tooth phenotype in Wnt5a mutants. Wnt5a‐deficient mice exhibit retarded tooth development beginning from E16.5, leading to the formation of smaller and abnormally patterned teeth with a delayed odontoblast differentiation at birth. These defects are associated with upregulated Axin2 and Shh expression in the dental epithelium and reduced levels of cell proliferation in the dental epithelium and mesenchyme. Retarded tooth development and defective odontoblast differentiation were also observed in Ror2 mutant mice. Our results suggest that Wnt5a regulates growth, patterning, and odontoblast differentiation during odontogenesis, at least partially by modulating Wnt/β‐catenin canonical signaling. Developmental Dynamics 240:432–440, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Cp*2Ti(OTf) and Its Reaction with Water
Authors: Kessler Monty , Hansen Sven , Hollmann Dirk , Klahn Marcus , Beweries Torsten , Spannenberg Anke , Brückner Angelika , Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCp*2Ti(OTf) (2) was prepared by oxidation of the known(alkyne)titanocene complex Cp*2Ti(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3) with Fe(OTf)3. This reaction is highly selective; formation of Cp*2Ti(OTf)2 by using an excess of the oxidizing agent was not observed. Complex 2 was treated with water to give Cp*2Ti(OH)(OTf) (5) and hydrogen gas. This reaction was monitored by GC and volumetric analysis. Complexes 2 and 5 were characterized by X‐ray crystallography and investigated by DFT analysis.
A Second‐Generation Formal Synthesis of (+)‐Haplophytine
Authors: Tian Weiwei , Chennamaneni Lohitha Rao , Suzuki Takahiro , Chen David Y.‐K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this article, a Lewis acid mediated 1,4‐addition/formal [3+2] cycloaddition reaction engaging functionalized β‐carboline and 1,4‐benzoquinone has been demonstrated. Application of this developed technology facilitated the construction of the challenging C‐9′–C‐15 quaternary center linkage in the dimeric indole alkaloid, haplophytine, and enabled the preparation of an advanced key intermediate en route to the total synthesis of this historical natural product.