bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of AIDS or AIDS‐related conditions in a cohort of HIV antibody‐positive homosexual men during a 3‐year follow‐up period
Authors: PEDERSEN C. , KOLBY P. , SINDRUP J. , GAUB J. , ULLMAN S. , GERSTOFT J. , LINDHARDT B. Ø. , DICKMEISS E. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. One hundred and thirty‐three homosexual men seropositive for the antibody against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were enrolled in a prospective study in 1984–85. The 3‐year cumulative incidences of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS‐related conditions, by life‐table analyses, were 18% and 34%. The cumulative incidence of immune deficiency defined as CD4 lymphocytes < 0.5 times 109 l−1 was 70% at 3 years. Absence of antibodies to p24 antigen, HIV antigenaemia, CD4 lymphocytes < 0.3 times 10 l−1 and elevated serum level of IgA were significantly associated with the development of AIDS. There was no association between disease progression and persistent generalized lymphadenopathy.When adjusted to the probable year of infection, these results are in accordance with previous cohort studies. It is concluded that most, or all, subjects seropositive for HIV will develop progressive loss of CD4 lymphocytes followed by clinical signs of immune deficiency, and that differences among previous cohorts with respect to disease progression are probably due to differences in the duration of infection.
Metabolic effects of controlled‐release metoprolol in hypertensive men with impaired or diabetic glucose tolerance: a comparison with atenolol
Authors: FAGERBERG B. , BERGLUND A. , HOLME E. , WILHELMSEN L. , ELMFELDT D. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. In a double‐blind, randomized, cross‐over study with a single‐blind placebo run‐in period a new controlled‐release (CR) formulation of metoprolol 200 mg once daily was compared with atenolol tablets 100 mg once daily in 22 patients (age 60.9 ± 0.93 (SE) years) with primary hypertension and impaired or diabetic glucose tolerance. Each period lasted for three weeks.The two agents produced similar blood pressure 3 h as well as 24 h after drug intake. Three hours after drug intake, heart rate was lower on atenolol than metoprolol CR treatment, indicating a higher degree of β‐receptor blockade for atenolol at this point in time, when the plasma concentration of atenolol was most likely to be close to its peak.Concentrations of blood glucose, serum insulin, and serum C‐peptide in the fasting state or after an oral glucose load did not differ between the active agents. HbA1c was marginally, but significantly, lower on atenolol than metoprolol CR treatment. No differences were found in serum levels of total, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or apoA‐I, and apoB lipoproteins or triglycerides. In comparison to the placebo run‐in period, both agents showed an unexpected improvement in glucose tolerance, a decrease in HDL cholesterol and for metoprolol CR a small, but significant decrease in LDL cholesterol.Thus, treatment with metoprolol CR tablets producing even plasma levels without high peak concentrations and conventional atenolol treatment had similar effects on metabolic control in hypertensive men and abnormal glucose tolerance.
Hand handicap and rheumatoid arthritis in a fish‐eating society (the Faroe Islands)
Authors: RECHT L. , HELIN P. , RASMUSSEN J. O. , JACOBSEN J. , LITHMAN T. , SCHERSTÉN B. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. In the county of Klaksvik, the Faroes, a simple hand test was used for screening all inhabitants between the ages of 40 and 74 years. With its high sensitivity and specificity it revealed a diagnostic panorama entirely different from that seen in previous investigations in other nordic countries.In Klaksvik the prevalence of hand handicap was about 40%, which is due to the high incidence of osteoarthrosis. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis was 1.1%. The high functional capacity and the lower occurrence of rheumatic nodules and erosions found in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis as compared with previous studies suggest that the disease takes a milder course in Klaksvik. This should support the hypothesis that RA patients benefit from a diet rich in fish.
Asthma and heterozygous α1‐antichymotrypsin deficiency: a possible association
Authors: LINDMARK B. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. During studies of families with α1‐antichymotrypsin deficiency heterozygotes, an apparently increased prevalence of asthma among first degree relatives was noticed.In a case control study, the prevalence of asthma among first degree relatives of 12 women with heterozygous α1‐antichymotrypsin deficiency was compared with that of first degree relatives of 58 matched controls. Secondly, the strength of association between asthma and low or subnormal plasma ACT concentration, in first and second degree relatives to heterozygotes, was assessed.The prevalence of asthma among first degree relatives of women with heterozygous α1‐antichymotrypsin deficiency was significantly higher [prevalence ratio 3.22 (1.06–9.83), P = 0.04]. Among heterozygotes, the prevalence of asthma in first and second degree relatives with low plasma α1‐antichymotrypsin concentration was higher than in relatives with normal plasma ACT concentration, but the difference in prevalence did not reach statistical significance [prevalence ratio 3.1 (0.96–9.83), P = 0.059].The findings are in agreement with previous studies and suggest a possible association between asthma and heterozygous α1‐antichymotrypsin deficiency.
Blood pressure response during maximal exercise in apparently healthy men and women
Authors: MICHELSEN S. , OTTERSTAD J. E. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. The blood pressure (BP) response during a maximal ergometer bicycle test was studied in 190 apparently healthy subjects (95 men and 95 women) aged 21–70 years. The starting load was 50 W and was increased by 50 W every 4 min until exhaustion. Mean physical performance expressed as cumulative work was 2276±789 W in men and 1109±276 W in women (P < 0.0001). The maximum heart rate was similar in men and women and declined significantly with age (r = − 0.78, P < 0.001 for men and r = − 0.64, P < 0.0001 for women). The mean maximal systolic blood pressure (MSBP) was 193±23 mmHg in men and 171±21 mmHg in women (P < 0.0001). Men aged ≥ 50 years had a MSBP of 201±22 mmHg, compared to 188±22 mmHg in those aged < 50 years (P < 0.01). Women aged ≥ 60 years had a MSBP of 190±21 mmHg compared to 166±19 mmHg in their younger counterparts (P < 0.001). The diastolic BP showed a similar modest increase at all ages and in both sexes.SBP is dependent on age and gender and this must be taken into consideration when assessing a normal response in individual patients.
Right arm involvement and pain extension can help to differentiate coronary diseases from chest pain of other origin: a prospective emergency ward study of 278 consecutive patients admitted for chest pain
Authors: BERGER J. P. , BUCLIN T. , HALLER E. , VAN MELLE G. , YERSIN B. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. In a prospective study of 278 consecutive patients admitted to an emergency ward for chest pain, the 115 clinical and paraclinical parameters available at the time of admission were evaluated by computer comparison with the final diagnoses. The most valuable items for making the diagnosis were classified according to their sensitivity, specificity and predictive value. Among the 278 patients, 100 individuals had myocardial infarctions (MI), 47 had unstable angina, 25 had stable angina and 106 patients had a non‐coronary disease.The twelve most sensitive items for distinguishing MI from other conditions were the following: sudden onset of pain (70%): duration of more than 60 min (88%): constriction and squeezing (79%): oppression (75%): prior anginal attacks (61%): sex male (72%): age over 60 years (74%): abnormal heart auscultation (62%): abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG)(98%): segment (ST) disturbances (86%): increased glucose level (77%): CKMB fraction greater than 6% of total creatine kinase (CK) level (63%).Among the twelve most specific items, also with the best positive predictive value, irradiation in the right arm is of most importance: among the 51 patients with right arm involvement, 48 suffered from a coronary disease and 41 from a myocardial infarction. The largest extension of pain was reported in the latter group.It is concluded that chest pain with a wide irradiation involving the right arm strongly suggests that a myocardial infarction is ongoing.
Influence of menopause on dietary treatment of obesity
Authors: ANDERSSON B. , SEIDELL J. , TERNING K. , BJÖRNTORP P. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. Obese women (n = 104) were treated with an energy reduced diet (1100 kcal d−1) in a strictly standardized outpatient regime. Body composition, regional adipose tissue distribution, regional fat cell sizes and metabolic variables were followed before treatment, after 5% weight loss and at the stage when there was no further weight loss. Premenopausal women lost less body fat and relapsed earlier after treatment, compared with menopausal women. Fat loss appeared to be more uniform, and included several adipose tissue regions in postmenopausal women, while younger women seemed to lose fat mainly from the epigastrial fat cells. Higher baseline levels of thyroid hormones were associated with increased fat loss and a tendency to lose less lean body mass. Waist/hip and waist/thigh ratios did not change in response to weight loss. The addition of fibre to the diet did not affect the rate of relapse.These results suggest that obesity treatment by implementation of a negative calorie balance might be more successful in postmenopausal than in younger women, perhaps due to the more uniform availability of body fat in the former.
Increased turnover of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride during treatment with cholestyramine in familial hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: ANGELIN B. , LEIJD B. , HULTCRANTZ R. , EINARSSON K. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. Kinetics of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride were determined in seven patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, using a 3H‐glycerol technique. The study was repeated after 5–7 weeks of therapy with the bile acid‐binding resin, cholestyramine. The rate of synthesis of VLDL triglyceride was increased by 85% (P < 0.05) during resin therapy. Simultaneously, the fractional catabolic rate of VLDL was increased by 40% (P < 0.02), so that only a moderate increase in plasma concentration was observed.Repeated measurements of VLDL size by electron microscopy (before, 1 week, and 5–7 weeks after initiation of therapy) indicated that a transient increase in VLDL size occurred in response to cholestyramine.The results are consistent with a stimulatory effect of bile acid sequestrants on VLDL triglyceride production and indicate that, in most subjects, a compensatory increase in VLDL triglyceride removal occurs.
Possible induction of systemic lupus erythematosus by interferon‐α treatment in a patient with a malignant carcinoid tumour
Authors: RÖNNBLOM L. E. , ALM G. V. , ÖBERG K. E. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. Interferon‐α (IFN‐α) is currently used in the treatment of various malignant tumours. Development of different autoimmune disorders has been reported in some patients during IFN‐α therapy. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) after treatment with IFN‐α has not been described, although a majority of SLE patients have demonstrable serum levels of IFN‐α, which correlate with disease activity and have been suggested to be of pathogenetic significance.In this paper we describe a patient with a malignant carcinoid tumour who developed a SLE‐like syndrome during treatment with leucocyte IFN‐α. The patient developed myalgia and low grade arthritis in multiple joints together with a high titre of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti‐dsDNA antibodies. After the treatment was stopped, the symptoms subsided although a moderate ANA titre persisted. However, the tumour continued to regress despite cessation of IFN‐α therapy. During a short course with recominant IFN‐α the syndrome relapsed, supporting the concept that the SLE syndrome was precipitated by IFN‐α. A connection between IFN‐α treatment, the induced autoimmune disorder and regression of the carcinoid tumour is suggested.
Elevated fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI‐1) in hypertension are related to metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease
Authors: LANDIN K. , TENGBORN L. , SMITH U. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. The relationship between hypertension, glucose metabolism, fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor of endothelial cell type (PAI‐1) was studied under conditions in which the influence of obesity and adipose tissue distribution (waist/hip ratio) were controlled. Twenty‐two non‐obese, middle‐aged men with normal blood pressure (n = 11) and untreated mild hypertension (n = 11), respectively, participated in the study.Cholesterol, triglyceride and insulin levels were higher in hypertensive men than in the control group. Glucose disposal was studied as an indicator of insulin sensitivity using the euglycaemic clamp technique. The insulin effect tended to be less marked in men with hypertension. PAI‐1 was higher in hypertensive men compared to the controls. A strong positive correlation was observed between PAI‐1 and insulin levels as well as blood pressure. PAI‐1 and fibrinogen levels correlated negatively with the rate of glucose disposal.Thus, even in these non‐obese and mildly hypertensive individuals, an enhanced metabolic risk factor profile for cardiovascular disease was found. The metabolic aberrations were related to elevated fibrinogen and PAI‐1 levels which, in turn, increase the risk of thrombus formation.
Long‐term bone loss in insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: MATHIASSEN B. , NIELSEN S. , DITZEL J. , RØDBRO P. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. The bone mineral content (BMC) in patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes is reduced by 10% early in the disease, but due to a lack of long‐term longitudinal studies it is unknown whether this diabetic osteopenia develops further through life.Over a time period of 11 years we examined the BMC in a group of seven adult insulin‐dependent diabetics, in whom physiological and pathological factors affecting bone metabolism had been excluded; the patients were well regulated without diabetic complications. The BMC was not significantly decreased at the initial examination. The longitudinal study revealed a small but statistically significant fall in BMC, mainly in trabecular bone. The narrow (95%) confidence interval of median end value (93.3–99.0% of initial BMC) indicates that the annual decrease in BMC in such patients is of the order of 0.5%, a reduction that is probably clinically insignificant.
Nifedipine as an antihypertensive drug in patients with renal failure — pharmacokinetics and effects
Authors: ODAR‐CEDERLÖF I. , ANDERSON P. , BONDESSON U. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract.Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine were studied in 12 patients with renal failure and hypertension, after a single dose and during an 18‐week treatment period.The plasma concentrations of nifedipine and its first pyridine metabolite were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The oral plasma clearance of nifedipine was 1189 ± 876 ml min−1, and the mean plasma half‐life (t1/2) was 5.99 ± 3.05 h. The pyridine metabolite was not retained. Plasma concentrations of nifedipine were found to be significantly correlated with the effects on blood pressure, forearm blood flow and peripheral resistance, and these effects did not vary with the degree of renal failure. Normotension was achieved in eight of the nine patients observed over a period of 4 months with doses in the range 20–40 mg, administered twice daily. The mean Cr‐EDTA clearance remained unchanged during the study (initial value 31.4 ± 12.3 ml min−1; final value 32.7 ± 14.4 ml min−1), and in three patients it increased.Nifedipine induces a slight increase in metabolic rate in patients with renal failure, but it is not necessary to modify the dose. It is effective in lowering blood pressure, has mild side‐effects and may improve renal function in some patients.
Effects of a new fluid fish oil concentrate, ESKIMO‐3, on triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen and blood pressure
Authors: HAGLUND O. , WALLIN R. , LUOSTARINEN R. , SALDEEN T. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. Eskimos have a very low incidence of cardiovascular disease, at least in part due to a high intake of n‐3 fatty acids. ESKIMO‐3 is a new stabilized (insensitive to oxidation) fluid fish oil concentrate, 30 ml of which contains an amount of eicosapentaenoic acid and total n‐3 fatty acids equivalent to the daily intake among Eskimos.Thirty‐three volunteers, healthy or with coronary artery disease, were given ESKIMO‐3, at a dose of 15 or 30 ml d−1, corresponding to 2.7 or 5.4 g of eicosapentaenoic acid d−1, or placebo oil, for a period of up to 6 months.ESKIMO‐3 had a pronounced dose‐dependent effect on several risk factors for coronary artery disease. Intake of one tablespoon (15 ml) daily for 6 months significantly reduced levels of triglycerides (‐64%), total cholesterol (‐8%), plasma fibrinogen (‐23%) and diastolic blood pressure (‐9%). Bleeding time was unchanged. Intake of two tablespoons daily for 4 weeks increased plasma eicosapentaenoic acid levels by 490%, and decreased arachidonic acid by 20%. The HDL concentration increased by 21%. No change in the above mentioned variables was observed after intake of placebo oil.
Can the course of high dose cotrimoxazole for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS be shorter? A possible solution to the problem of cotrimoxazole toxicity
Authors: SCHATTENKERK J. K. M. EEFTINCK , LANGE J. M. A. , VAN STEENWIJK R. P. , DANNER S. A. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. Fifty consecutive patients with confirmed PCP received a high dose of cotrimoxazole for 14 d, or until development of intolerance, directly followed by reduced dose maintenance therapy. Seven individuals died during the high dose course. Twenty (47%) of the 43 survivors showed toxicity reactions that necessitated dose reduction to maintenance level on average after 9.6 d. Thirteen of these 20 individuals tolerated the reduced dose, and seven did not. No further cases of toxicity were observed. In 43 survivors only one early relapse (day 17) was observed in a patient who had received full dose treatment for 14 d.We conclude (1) that extending high dose cotrimoxazole therapy beyond 2 weeks is usually unnecessary, provided that reduced dose maintenance therapy is given directly, and (2) that dose reduction on appearance of toxicity signs during the second week of treatment is safe and allows two‐thirds of patients to be maintained on cotrimoxazole with satisfactory results.
Osteoporosis after long‐term corticosteroid treatment of giant cell arteritis
Authors: ANDERSSON R. , RUNDGREN Å. , ROSENGREN K. , BENGTSSON B.‐Å. , MALMVALL B.‐E. , MELLSTRÖM D. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. The mineral content of the heel bone, and signs of osteoporosis on X‐ray of the spine, were evaluated in 26 patients (20 women and 6 men) with giant cell arteritis (GCA), treated with prednisolone for an average period of 5 years. The mean age was 78 years (range 66–95 years). These results were compared with those obtained from a large population study of individuals aged 72, 75, 82 and 85 years.An increase of obvious and severe spinal osteoporosis from 16 to 85% was observed in the women in the population study between the ages of 72 and 85. No additional osteoporosis that could be attributed to the cortisone treatment was found among the GCA patients. The bone mineral content was not reduced in the patients compared to the general population.We conclude that there is no justification for attempting non‐steroid treatment in GCA on account of the risk of osteoporosis. Corticosteroids are the only safe treatment for prevention of complications of GCA.
Eighty‐year‐old men without cardiovascular disease in the community of Malmö. Part I. Social and medical factors, with special reference to the lipoprotein pattern
Authors: STAVENOW L. , ELMSTÅHL S. , JERNTORP P. , NILSSON‐EHLE P. , PESSAH‐RASMUSSEN H. , GALVARD H. , HANSEN F. , SAMUELSSON S.‐M. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. A total of 1280 80‐year‐old men were invited to a medical examination to study common risk indicators for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the elderly. From the pool of 811 responders (63.3%), all 122 individuals who fulfilled our inclusion criteria were assigned to one of four groups: (1) no CVD, non‐smokers; (2) no CVD, smokers; (3) CVD, smokers; (4) CVD, non‐smokers. A telephone interview with 75 non‐responders suggested that this group contained more institutionalized subjects, but otherwise did not differ from the group of participants. Subjects with CVD had higher levels of plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol than those without CVD, whereas plasma HDL cholesterol and plasma triglyceride concentrations did not differ between the groups; thus the LDL/HDL ratio was higher in the CVD group. Lipoprotein concentrations did not differ between smokers and non‐smokers. However, the mean cholesterol levels were low (5.19 ± 1.01 mmol l−1), suggesting selective mortality. No differences between the groups were found with regard to Lp(a). The mean blood pressure for the whole group was 149/79 mmHg, and there were no differences between subgroups.Our study suggests that mechanisms such as selective mortality modify the risk factor pattern in the elderly. In 80‐year‐old individuals, elevated LDL cholesterol levels can still be identified as a risk indicator for CVD, whereas there does not appear to be any association between CVD or low HDL levels or elevated blood pressure in this age group.
Development of postpartum spontaneously resolving transient Graves' hyperthyroidism followed immediately by transient hypothyroidism
Authors: SHIGEMASA C. , MITANI Y. , TANIGUCHI S. , UETA Y. , URABE K. , TANAKA T. , YOSHIDA A. , MASHIBA H. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract. A 25‐year‐old woman with a history of Graves' disease, in remission for 8.5 years following 6 months of methimazole therapy, first came to our attention 5 months after her first delivery with clinical and biochemical hypothyroidism, markedly elevated titre of anti‐thyroid microsomal antibody (MCHA; 1: 102400) and mildly elevated activity of thyrotropin‐binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII; 29.5%). After short‐term (3 months) treatment with L‐thyroxine therapy, the development of hyperthyroidism in the first trimester of the second pregnancy, which remitted through the second and third trimesters, was observed. TBII showed a peak value (93.1%) 1 month after the onset of hyperthyroidism, and a normal value (12.4%) 6 d after delivery. One month after the second delivery, the patient developed hyperthyroidism, with an elevation of 99mTc thyroid uptake (5.58%; normal range 0.5–2.5%), which was immediately followed by transient clinical and biochemical hypothyroidism. Concomitant increases in MCHA titre and TBII activity were observed after delivery, and both reached peak levels (1: 409600 and 81.0%, respectively) one and a half months after the onset of hypothyroidism. Thyroid‐stimulating antibody (TSAb), measured using FRTL‐5 thyroid cells, was detected at a weakly positive level (161%) on initial examination, and the serial change in TSAb was almost identical to that in TBII.Patients with Graves' disease may develop Graves' type hyperthyroidism, followed immediately by transient hypothyroidism due to coexisting destructive autoimmune thyroiditis during the early postpartum period, despite increasing TSAb activity.