bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipopolysaccharide decreases aquaporin 5, but not aquaporin 3 or aquaporin 4, expression in human primary bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: SHEN YAO , WANG XUN , WANG YUEHONG , WANG XIANGDONG , CHEN ZHIHONG , JIN MEILING , BAI CHUNXUE 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in expression of aquaporins (AQP) during differentiation of human bronchial epithelial cells and the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in AQP expression.Methods:  The levels of AQP3, AQP4 and AQP5 transcripts in human primary cultured bronchial epithelial cells were evaluated by real‐time polymerase chain reaction at different time points before and after treatment with LPS. Western blotting was performed to assess the effects of LPS on AQP3, AQP4 and AQP5 expressions in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Using pharmacological tools, the pathways involved in the regulation of LPS‐induced changes in AQP5 were further explored.Results:  The levels of AQP3, AQP4 and AQP5 transcripts were increased during differentiation of human bronchial epithelial cells. Expression of AQP5, but not AQP3 or AQP4, was downregulated by LPS. LPS‐induced downregulation of AQP5 was inhibited by p38 and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors.Conclusions:  This study demonstrated that LPS decreases AQP5, but not AQP3 or AQP4, expression in human primary bronchial epithelial cells. The downregulation of AQP5 expression is mediated through a p38/JNK signalling pathway.
Career in mental health still an unlikely career choice for nursing graduates: A replicated longitudinal study
Authors: Stevens John , Browne Graeme , Graham Iain 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe lack of qualified mental health nurses is at critical level with the problem likely to worsen as the aging mental health nursing workforce retires. This study investigates the career preferences of undergraduate nursing students by comparing preferences at the start, middle, and end of the Bachelor of Nursing program. The comparison of the cohorts gave an indication of the change in preferences over the intervening years. It replicates research completed in 1992, 1997, and 2001, and develops a profile of nursing career preferences and the rationale underpinning those preferences in a cohort of students (n = 150) who began their Bachelor of Nursing studies in 2007 and completed in 2009. The main findings included that, like the previous studies, mental health nursing is one of the least desirable career choices for most nurses at the start of their course and remains so as they approach graduation. The reasons change but the outcome remains the same. The current system of using the Bachelor of Nursing award to produce mental health nurses in Australia does not encourage nurses to consider a career in mental health nursing. Which begs the question: where will mental health nurses in the future come from?
The dynamic evolution of focal‐onset epilepsies – combining theoretical and clinical observations
Authors: Blenkinsop Alex , Valentin Antonio , Richardson Mark P. , Terry John R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFocal‐onset seizures have traditionally been conceptualised as having a highly circumscribed onset in an ‘abnormal’ brain region, with evolution of the seizure requiring recruitment of adjacent or connected ‘normal’ brain regions. Complementing this concept of the spatial evolution of seizures, the purpose of our present paper is to explore the evidence for the dynamic evolution of focal epilepsy using bifurcation analysis of a neural mass model, and subsequently relating these bifurcations to specific features of clinical data recordings in the time domain. Our study was motivated by recent research in idiopathic generalised epilepsies which has suggested that the temporal evolution of seizures may arise out of gradual changes in underlying physiological mechanisms. We found that spikes in the considered model arose out of so‐called ‘false’ bifurcations, a finding consistent with other neural models with two timescales of inhibitory processes. We compared these results with previous studies of the model before extending them to characterise other more complex model behaviours. We then explored the relationship between model dynamics and clinical recordings from patients with focal epilepsies. Here we used an algorithm to subdivide each recording into time windows for which the data is approximately stationary. We then used our bifurcation findings to map out the evolution of seizures based on features of the clinical data from each of the epochs identified by our algorithm. We finally explored the similarity of the seizure evolution within patients, using random surrogates to test for statistical significance.
Basal ganglia activity patterns in parkinsonism and computational modeling of their downstream effects
Authors: Rubin Jonathan E. , McIntyre Cameron C. , Turner Robert S. , Wichmann Thomas 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe availability of suitable animal models and the opportunity to record electrophysiologic data in movement disorder patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures has allowed researchers to investigate parkinsonism‐related changes in neuronal firing patterns in the basal ganglia and associated areas of the thalamus and cortex. These studies have shown that parkinsonism is associated with increased activity in the basal ganglia output nuclei, along with increases in burst discharges, oscillatory firing and synchronous firing patterns throughout the basal ganglia. Computational approaches have the potential to play an important role in the interpretation of these data. Such efforts can provide a formalized view of neuronal interactions in the network of connections between the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cortex, allow for the exploration of possible contributions of particular network components to parkinsonism, and potentially result in new conceptual frameworks and hypotheses that can be subjected to biological testing. It has proven very difficult, however, to integrate the wealth of the experimental findings into coherent models of the disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the abnormalities in neuronal activity that have been associated with parkinsonism. Subsequently, we discuss some particular efforts to model the pathophysiologic mechanisms that may link abnormal basal ganglia activity to the cardinal parkinsonian motor signs and may help to explain the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease. We emphasize the logical structure of these computational studies, making clear the assumptions from which they proceed and the consequences and predictions that follow from these assumptions.
Synapsin‐dependent reserveo pool of synaptic vesicles supports replenishment of the readily releasable pool under intense synaptic transmission
Authors: Vasileva Mariya , Horstmann Heinz , Geumann Constanze , Gitler Daniel , Kuner Thomas 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSynapsins are abundant synaptic vesicle (SV)‐associated proteins thought to mediate synaptic vesicle mobility and clustering at most synapses. We used synapsin triple knock‐out (TKO) mice to examine the morphological and functional consequences of deleting all synapsin isoforms at the calyx of Held, a giant glutamatergic synapse located in the auditory brain stem. Quantitative three‐dimensional (3D) immunohistochemistry of entire calyces showed lower amounts of the synaptic vesicle protein vGluT1 while the level of the active zone marker bassoon was unchanged in TKO terminals. Examination of brain lysates by ELISA revealed a strong reduction in abundance of several synaptic vesicle proteins, while proteins of the active zone cytomatrix or postsynaptic density were unaffected. Serial section scanning electron microscopy of large 3D‐reconstructed segments confirmed a decrease in the number of SVs to approximately 50% in TKO calyces. Short‐term depression tested at stimulus frequencies ranging from 10 to 300 Hz was accelerated only at frequencies above 100 Hz and the time course of recovery from depression was slowed in calyces lacking synapsins. These results reveal that in wild‐type synapses, the synapsin‐dependent reserve pool contributes to the replenishment of the readily releasable pool (RRP), although accounting only for a small fraction of the SVs that enter the RRP. In conclusion, our results suggest that synapsins may be required for normal synaptic vesicle biogenesis, trafficking and immobilization of synaptic vesicles, yet they are not essential for sustained high‐frequency synaptic transmission at the calyx terminal.
How does physical activity and fitness influence glycaemic control in young people with Type 1 diabetes?
Authors: Cuenca‐García M. , Jago R. , Shield J. P. H. , Burren C. P. 
Published: July 2012

Diabet. Med. 29, e369–e376 (2012)AbstractAims  To assess physical activity and fitness levels of young people with Type 1 diabetes compared with siblings without diabetes, and to investigate the association between physical activity, physical fitness and glycaemic control (HbA1c) in those young people with diabetes.Methods  The study consisted of 97 young people aged 8 to 16 years (62% male) from a Paediatric Diabetes Service in South West England. Sixty participants (67% male) had Type 1 diabetes and 37 participants (54% male) were siblings without diabetes (control group). We measured weight, height and waist circumference, calculated BMI and waist–height ratio and recorded pubertal status, blood pressure and current insulin regimen information. We assessed physical activity by accelerometry, from which we calculated light and moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity activity. We measured physical fitness by multistage sub‐maximal bicycle ergometer test. We obtained HbA1c by venipuncture.Results  There were no differences between the young people with diabetes and siblings without diabetes in body composition, blood pressure, physical activity and fitness. Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity was associated with better glycaemic control, accounting for 30–37% (R2 = 0.295–0.374) of the variance for HbA1c. Physical fitness was not associated with HbA1c.Conclusions  Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity was associated with better glycaemic control while fitness was not. Findings suggest that developing strategies to increased moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity may prove an effective method of improving glycaemic control in young people with diabetes.
History of theBritish Industrial Relations Field Reconsidered: Getting from theWebbs to the New Employment Relations Paradigm
Authors: Kaufman Bruce E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSidney andBeatriceWebb are commonly cited as the founders of theBritish field of industrial relations. Are they, however, if the field is centred not on study of unions and collective bargaining but rather on the entire employment relationship? A ‘qualified yes’ answer is given; however, getting there involves major revision to the conventional historiography of the field. To illustrate, the article presents a traditional and revised family tree of British industrial relations. Numerous insights and implications follow.
Outward Migration and Inward FDI: Factor Mobility between Eastern and Western Europe
Authors: De Simone Gianfranco , Manchin Miriam 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA growing strand of literature highlights that migration may favor growth‐enhancing technology transfer, trade, and foreign direct investments between the source and the host economies of migrants (network effects). A specific channel is explored through which the possible “diaspora externality” associated with the emigration of workers may occur: the removal of informational, cultural, and reputational barriers that could prevent firms of high‐income countries from investing in the low‐income immigrants' economies of origin. By means of a straightforward gravity specification, a fragmentation and multinational production model is taken to the data. The focus is on the mobility of capital and workers between the advanced European Union countries (EU15) and New Member States (NMS) in the 1995–2007 period. The evidence points to a significant correlation between the volume of EU15's activities in NMS and the total stock of NMS's own‐migrants in the EU15 economies.
Exports From a Remote Developed Region: Analysed by an Inverse Hyperbolic Sine Transformation of the Gravity Model
Authors: Kristjánsdóttir Helga 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPicture a small open economy, alone in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean and highly dependent on trade with NAFTA and the EU. How important are these trading blocs to the country’s exports? How significant is the country’s isolation and small size, and how do these affect the export sectors? Typically, the export volume is significantly impacted by the economic size of the exporting country, but in this case it is not. This suggests that the exports from small remote economies are driven by different factors than exports from large economies. The data are analysed using a unique transformation of the gravity model by an inverse hyperbolic sine function, allowing for accountancy of scattered exports.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN A HARRODIAN ECONOMY: WITH EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Authors: Gang Gong 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we construct a macrodynamic model that expresses the growth and development process in a less developed economy. The model introduces price, wage and government policy into an otherwise Harrodian economy. We find that these components can be regarded as stabilization mechanisms to overcome the destabilization mechanism in the original Harrod model and therefore the instability puzzles can be resolved. Using the evidence from China, we will show that the model can explore some important phenomenon with regard to growth and development in a less developed economy.
Clinical predictors for the aetiology of peripheral lymphadenopathy in HIV‐infected adults
Authors: Bogoch II , Andrews JR , Nagami EH , Rivera AM , Gandhi RT , Stone D 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine the aetiology and clinical predictors of peripheral lymphadenopathy in HIV‐infected individuals during the antiretroviral (ARV) era in a nontuberculosis endemic setting.MethodsA multicentred, retrospective cohort study of peripheral lymph node biopsies in HIV‐positive adults was carried out. A total of 107 charts were identified and reviewed for clinical features, lymphadenopathy size, and ARV use and duration. Biopsy results were categorized, and multivariate logistic regression determined independent predictors of lymphadenopathy aetiology.ResultsEvaluation of 107 peripheral lymph node biopsies revealed that 42.9% of peripheral lymphadenopathy was attributable to malignancy, 49.5% to reactive changes, and 7.5% to infections, with only 2.8% of all cases secondary to tuberculosis. Fevers, weight loss, ARV use, and lower viral loads are significantly associated with nonreactive lymphadenopathy.ConclusionsLymphadenopathy is likely to be reactive or malignant in nontuberculosis endemic regions. Readily available clinical features can aid clinicians in predicting the underlying aetiology, those at risk for malignancy, and who to biopsy.
Assessing wolves and cougars as conservation surrogates
Authors: Kunkel K. E. , Atwood T. C. , Ruth T. K. , Pletscher D. H. , Hornocker M. G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLarge carnivores have been posited as potential conservation surrogates to inform the design and prioritization of conservation planning. We show that wolves Canis lupus and cougars Puma concolor may have potential to serve as a surrogate suite for conserving landscape heterogeneity, hypothesized to be a determinant of biodiversity in some landscapes. We examined habitat and landscape features associated with the spatial distribution of wolf‐ and cougar‐killed prey in the basin of the North Fork of the Flathead River in Montana. The spatial distribution of wolf‐killed prey was driven largely by cover type, whereas physiographic characteristics were the primary driver of the distribution of cougar‐killed prey. Spatial templates, generated using >0.66 probability quantiles from spatially explicit models of kill site distribution, estimated over three times as much high‐quality habitat for wolves (1005 km2) than for cougars (381 km2). While there were only minor differences in the proportional representation of land cover types between the wolf and cougar templates, 40% of the cougar template fell outside the wolf template, and the former contained over three times more rugged terrain than the latter. The use of a combined wolf–cougar spatial template resulted in a 15% increase in total area and 91% increase in the amount of rugged terrain identified. Based on our models, the advantage of using both wolves and cougars as a focal suite in north‐west Montana is the ability to identify a greater area of high‐quality habitat, and capture landscape heterogeneity that may be important to conserving biodiversity.
The distribution of HCN2‐positive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of mice
Authors: Yang Shu , Xiong Cheng‐jie , Sun Hai‐mei , Li Xiao‐shuang , Zhang Guo‐quan , Wu Bo , Zhou De‐shan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHCN2 channels are involved in the spontaneous rhythmic activities of some CNS neurons and act by generating If current. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is known to be capable of spontaneous rhythmic activity; however, the possible role of HCN2 channels in this organ has not yet been elucidated. This study investigated the distribution of HCN2‐positive cells in the mouse GI tract using immunohistochemistry. To identify the nature of these HCN2 cells, anti‐ChAT and anti‐Kit antibodies were used to co‐label neurons and the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), respectively. Additionally, differences in the distribution of HCN2‐positive cells within the GI tract were also analyzed. Our results showed that HCN2 channels were mainly located within the myenteric neurons of the enteric nervous system in the GI tract. Double‐staining revealed that HCN2‐positive neurons were labeled by ChAT, indicating that these HCN2‐positive cells are also cholinergic neurons. Although the HCN2‐positive cells were not stained by the anti‐Kit antibody, their processes were in close proximity to ICCs around the myenteric plexus region. Moreover, several differences in the distribution of HCN2 in the stomach, small intestine and colon were partly consistent with the regional differences in the spontaneous rhythmic activities of these organs. Basing on the role HCN2, we suggested that HCN2 channels facilitate the release of Ach from cholinergic neurons to affect the GI peristalsis by acting on M receptors on the ICCs. However, the HCN2 channels are not directly involved in spontaneous slow‐wave initiation by ICCs.
Tumour‐free distance from serosa is a better prognostic indicator than depth of invasion and percentage myometrial invasion in endometrioid endometrial cancer
Authors: Chattopadhyay S , Galaal KA , Patel A , Fisher A , Nayar A , Cross P , Naik R 
Published: July 2012

Please cite this paper as: Chattopadhyay S, Galaal K, Patel A, Fisher A, Nayar A, Cross P, Naik R. Tumour‐free distance from serosa is a better prognostic indicator than depth of invasion and percentage myometrial invasion in endometrioid endometrial cancer. BJOG 2012;119:1162–1170.Objective  To evaluate the prognostic performance of tumour‐free distance (TFD) compared with depth of invasion (DOI) and percentage of myometrial invasion (MI).Design  Retrospective cohort study.Setting  Regional gynaecological oncology centre.Population  All women identified with stage I–III endometrioid endometrial carcinoma from January 2000 to December 2007, who had surgery at the Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre (NGOC).Methods  Surgicopathological, follow‐up and survival data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed comparing TFD, DOI and MI with known prognostic factors. The prognostic accuracy of TFD was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, and an optimum cut‐off was proposed.Main outcome measures  Death from disease, recurrence and pelvic lymph node involvement.Results  A total of 288 women were identified. The median follow‐up time was 67 months, with 40 recurrences and 32 disease‐related deaths. When TFD, DOI and MI were separately examined in multivariate analyses with other covariates, TFD was an independent predictor of death from disease (HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.00–1.48; P = 0.05). In multivariate analyses including all three measures together (TFD, DOI and MI), TFD was an independent predictor of death from disease (HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.03–2.16; P = 0.04) and recurrence (HR 1.39; 95% CI 1.01–1.91; P = 0.05). TFD was also an independent predictor of lymph node involvement when examined separately (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.56–0.96; P = 0.03), and together with DOI and MI (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.49–0.92; P = 0.01), in women who had pelvic lymphadenectomy (n = 86). A TFD cut‐off of 1.75 mm showed good prognostic performance.Conclusions  The TFD measure may be a more accurate method of representing myometrial invasion in the staging for endometrial cancer.
Adverse obstetrical outcomes after treatment of precancerous cervical lesions: a Belgian multicentre study
Authors: Simoens C , Goffin F , Simon P , Barlow P , Antoine J , Foidart J‐M , Arbyn M 
Published: July 2012

Please cite this paper as: Simoens C, Goffin F, Simon P, Barlow P, Antoine J, Foidart J, Arbyn M. Adverse obstetrical outcomes after treatment of precancerous cervical lesions: a Belgian multicentre study. BJOG 2012;119:1247–1255.Objective  To assess the impact of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) treatment on the risk of (spontaneous) preterm delivery (PD) and small for gestational age (SGA) at birth.Design  A multicentre cohort study.Setting  Maternity wards of four academic hospitals in Belgium.Population  Ninety‐seven exposed pregnant women (with a CIN treatment history) and 194 nonexposed pregnant women (without a history of CIN treatment).Methods  A questionnaire and check of obstetrical files included socio‐demographic characteristics, risk factors for PD, obstetrical history for all women and characteristics of the CIN treatment for exposed women. Pregnancy outcomes were recorded after delivery. The influence of previous treatment of CIN on pregnancy outcomes, adjusted for confounding variables, was assessed by Cox regression and lifetables (for the outcome gestational age at birth) and by logistic regression (for the outcomes PD and SGA at birth).Main outcome measures  Occurrence of PD and SGA at birth.Results  Seventy‐nine per cent of the women in the database were multiparous; 16.3% of women with a previous excisional treatment spontaneously delivered preterm, compared with 8.1% of unexposed women [odds ratio (OR), 2.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.97–4.99]. When adjusting for confounding factors (ethnicity, HIV status, education, age, smoking and parity), the OR for PD was 2.33 (95% CI, 0.99–5.49). Excisional treatment did not have an impact on SGA at birth (OR, 0.94; 95% CI,0.41–2.15). The depth of the cone was >10 mm in 63.5% of the documented cases. Large cones, more than 10 mm deep, were associated with a significantly increased risk of PD (adjusted OR, 4.55; 95% CI, 1.32–15.65) compared with untreated women, whereas smaller cones (≤10 mm) were not significantly associated with PD (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 0.28–27.59). The associations seen for PD with respect to the cone size did not hold for SGA at birth.Conclusions  There was an increased risk of (spontaneous) PD after excision of CIN, in particular when the cone depth exceeded 10 mm.