bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid cancer in Denmark 1943–2008, before and after iodine supplementation
Authors: Blomberg M. , Feldt‐Rasmussen U. , Andersen K.K. , Kjaer S.K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThyroid cancer incidence has increased worldwide during the previous decades. In this nationwide study, we aimed to identify the overall incidence of thyroid cancer in Denmark during 66 years (1943–2008) and incidences of the four main histological types of thyroid cancer from 1978 to 2008. Data were obtained from the nationwide Danish Cancer Registry, and we focused especially on the period after implementation of compulsory iodine supplementation, which was established on a national level in 2000. We calculated age‐standardized incidence rates per 100,000 person‐years, and age‐period‐cohort models were fitted to describe trends in incidence. To quantify trends in incidence over time, log‐linear Poisson models were used to estimate annual percentage change. From 1943 to 2008, 1,947 men (29%) and 4,682 women (71%) were diagnosed with thyroid cancer. The age‐standardized incidence increased in both sexes; in men from 0.41 to 1.57 per 100,000 and from 0.90 to 4.11 per 100,000 in women, corresponding to a significant average annual percentage change of 1.7 and 1.8%, respectively. The incidence increased with younger birth cohorts. The rise was almost exclusively caused by papillary carcinomas, and it was particularly present during the last decades of the study period. It cannot be ruled out that iodine supplementation may play a role for the risk of thyroid cancer, but as the strongest increase in incidence began in the years before the implementation, it is likely that improvement in diagnostic modalities increased diagnostic activity, and/or new unknown risk factors are also important contributors to the increase.
Cytotoxicity on human cells of Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac Bt insecticidal toxins alone or with a glyphosate‐based herbicide
Authors: Mesnage R. , Clair E. , Gress S. , Then C. , Székács A. , Séralini G.‐E. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe study of combined effects of pesticides represents a challenge for toxicology. In the case of the new growing generation of genetically modified (GM) plants with stacked traits, glyphosate‐based herbicides (like Roundup) residues are present in the Roundup‐tolerant edible plants (especially corns) and mixed with modified Bt insecticidal toxins that are produced by the GM plants themselves. The potential side effects of these combined pesticides on human cells are investigated in this work. Here we have tested for the very first time Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac Bt toxins (10 ppb to 100 ppm) on the human embryonic kidney cell line 293, as well as their combined actions with Roundup, within 24 h, on three biomarkers of cell death: measurements of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase release by membrane alterations and caspase 3/7 inductions. Cry1Ab caused cell death from 100 ppm. For Cry1Ac, under such conditions, no effects were detected. The Roundup tested alone from 1 to 20 000 ppm is necrotic and apoptotic from 50 ppm, far below agricultural dilutions (50% lethal concentration 57.5 ppm). The only measured significant combined effect was that Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac reduced caspases 3/7 activations induced by Roundup; this could delay the activation of apoptosis. There was the same tendency for the other markers. In these results, we argue that modified Bt toxins are not inert on nontarget human cells, and that they can present combined side‐effects with other residues of pesticides specific to GM plants. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apoptosis of rat ovarian granulosa cells by 2,5‐hexanedione in vitro and its relevant gene expression
Authors: Zhang Wenchang , Huang Lei , Kong Cancan , Liu Jin , Luo Lingfeng , Huang Huiling 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAlthough n‐hexane is toxic to the ovary, the related mechanism remains unknown. Apoptosis of rat ovarian granulosa cells is thought to be one of the important reasons for ovarian toxicity. Rat ovarian granulosa cells were exposed in vitro to different concentrations of 2,5‐hexanedione (HD, a major metabolite of n‐hexane; 0, 20, 40 and 60 mmol l−1) to observe the apoptosis, and its relevant gene expression was investigated. It was found by MTT assay that different exposure doses and different exposure time could inhibit the viability of ovarian granulosa cells. After a 12 h exposure, we found the apoptosis rate of the ovarian granulosa cells increased notably with the increase of HD dose. The HD concentration of each exposure dose could inhibit the message RNA (mRNA) expression of both bcl‐2 and xiap, and increase the mRNA expression of fasl without any influence on that of bcl‐xl, while only an HD concentration of 40 mol l−1 could raise the mRNA expression of bax. Concentrations of HD of 40 and 60 mol l−1 could inhibit the protein expression of NF‐κB, but only an HD concentration of 60 mol l−1 could improve theactivation of NF‐κB. In summary, our results indicate that HD can induce the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cell, and the occurrence of apoptosis is related to inhibition of protein expression of NF‐κB, activation of NF‐κB, upregulation of mRNA levels of fasl and bax, and downregulation of mRNA levels of xiap and bcl‐2. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The application of tissue engineering in reversing mitomycin C‐induced ischemic conjunctiva
Authors: Peng Yi‐Jie , Pan Chien‐Yi , Hsieh Yi‐Ting , Wu Semon , Chu Hsi‐Ning , Hsu Wei‐Cherng 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the angiogenic potential of collagen‐glycosaminoglycan (CG) matrices in mitomycin C‐induced ischemic conjunctival defect, in New Zealand white rabbits. After creating a conjunctival defect at the center of ischemic conjunctiva, a CG matrix was implanted into subconjunctival space to evaluate the conjunctival reepithelialization and angiogenesis during the wound healing process. In the grafted group, the vessel count of the healed conjunctiva was substantially elevated by two fold within the initial 4 weeks and the increased vascular content originated mostly from the fornix site. The rate of conjunctival reepithelialization was not retarded in the grafted group, and the final thickness of healed conjunctiva was similar in both grafted and ungrafted groups. The histological studies revealed that the collagen matrix did not elicit pronounced inflammatory reaction and the regenerated conjunctiva showed loosely arranged collagen deposition without significant scar formation. The α SMA staining positive myofibroblasts were identified in the acute inflammatory stage and were absent, 8 weeks after implantation in both groups. The results indicated that the porous collagen scaffold was able to enhance vascularization and physiological recovery of ischemic conjunctival defect, implying a potential alternative therapy for the ischemic leaking bleb after glaucoma filtrating surgery in ophthalmic practices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
Inflammatory response induced by candidate biomaterials of an implantable microfabricated sensor
Authors: Sokolov A. , Hellerud B. C. , Johannessen E. A. , Mollnes T. E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe implantation of synthetic medical devices is known to generate an immediate and complex material‐related inflammatory response. Consequently, 15 candidate materials for a new microfabricated sensor were investigated. A human whole blood model that permits the interaction of all the putative inflammatory systems was used. The experiments were performed by administering 500 μL of lepirudin‐anticoagulated blood in each well of a 24‐well polystyrene microtiter plate preloaded with the respective materials. The degree of inflammation was evaluated by assessing four complement activation markers, six proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines, the expression of monocyte tissue factor (TF), as well as platelet activation. The complement system was inhibited with the C5‐inhibitor eculizumab. Three of the materials distinctly activated complement through the alternative pathway, whereas the rest of the materials were virtually inert. Notably, the same three materials induced a marked and selective expression of TF as well as the release of five of the six cytokines. All these increases were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Inhibition of complement by the C5‐inhibitor virtually abolished TF expression and markedly reduced several of the cytokines, suggesting that complement is a particularly useful tool to reveal the immediate inflammatory‐inducing properties of these biomaterials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2012.
Osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein and dendritic cell–specific transmembrane protein cooperatively modulate cell–cell fusion to form osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells
Authors: Miyamoto Hiroya , Suzuki Takayuki , Miyauchi Yoshiteru , Iwasaki Ryotaro , Kobayashi Tami , Sato Yuiko , Miyamoto Kana , Hoshi Hiroko , Hashimoto Kazuaki , Yoshida Shigeyuki , Hao Wu , Mori Tomoaki , Kanagawa Hiroya , Katsuyama Eri , Fujie Atsuhiro , Morioka Hideo , Matsumoto Morio , Chiba Kazuhiro , Takeya Motohiro , Toyama Yoshiaki , Miyamoto Takeshi 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Cell–cell fusion is a dynamic phenomenon promoting cytoskeletal reorganization and phenotypic changes. To characterize factors essential for fusion of macrophage lineage cells, we identified the multitransmembrane protein, osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein (OC-STAMP), and analyzed its function. OC-STAMP–deficient mice exhibited a complete lack of cell–cell fusion of osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells (FBGCs), both of which are macrophage-lineage multinuclear cells, although expression of dendritic cell specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), which is also essential for osteoclast/FBGC fusion, was normal. Crossing OC-STAMP–overexpressing transgenic mice with OC-STAMP–deficient mice restored inhibited osteoclast and FBGC cell–cell fusion seen in OC-STAMP–deficient mice. Thus, fusogenic mechanisms in macrophage-lineage cells are regulated via OC-STAMP and DC-STAMP. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Assessment of the accuracy of MRI wall shear stress estimation using numerical simulations
Authors: Petersson Sven , Dyverfeldt Petter , Ebbers Tino 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the accuracy of wall shear stress (WSS) estimation using MRI. Specifically, to investigate the impact of different parameters and if MRI WSS estimates are monotonically related to actual WSS.Materials and Methods:The accuracy of WSS estimation using methods based on phase‐contrast (PC) MRI velocity mapping, Fourier velocity encoding (FVE) and intravoxel velocity standard deviation mapping were studied using numerical simulations. The influence of spatial resolution, velocity encoding, wall segmentation, and voxel location were investigated over a range of WSS values.Results:WSS estimates were found to be sensitive to parameter settings in general and spatial resolution in particular. All methods underestimated WSS, except for the FVE‐based method, which instead was extremely sensitive to voxel position relative to the wall. Methods using PC‐based WSS estimation with wall segmentation showed to be accurate for low WSS, but were sensitive to segmentation errors.Conclusion:Even in the absence of noise and for relatively simple velocity profiles, MRI WSS estimates cannot always be assumed to be linearly or even monotonically related to actual WSS. High WSS values cannot be resolved and the estimates depend on parameter setting. Nevertheless, distinguishing areas of low and moderate WSS may be feasible. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:128–138. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bone marrow fat content in the elderly: A reversal of sex difference seen in younger subjects
Authors: Griffith James F. , Yeung David K.W. , Ma Heather Ting , Leung Jason Chi Shun , Kwok Timothy C.Y. , Leung Ping Chung 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPurpose:To investigate vertebral bone marrow fat content in elderly subjects related to sex, age, and bone mineral density (BMD) and relate these findings to published data in younger subjects.Materials and Methods:A total of 259 healthy subjects (145 females, 114 males; age range, 62–90 years) underwent proton (1H) MR spectroscopy of L3 vertebral body and BMD of the lumbar spine with results stratified according to age. Ninety age‐ and BMD‐matched subjects were selected to determine sex differences in marrow fat content and BMD.Results:In females, vertebral marrow fat content rose sharply between 55 and 65 years of age while in males vertebral marrow fat content rose gradually throughout life. Vertebral marrow fat content in females more than 60 years was approximately 10% higher in females than males, i.e., a reversal of sex difference reported in marrow fat content for subjects less than 60 years.Conclusion:Marrow fat content increases sharply in female subjects between 55 and 65 years of age while male subjects continue to increase marrow fat at a more gradual steady rate. Females older than 60 years have a higher marrow fat content than males. This increased deposition in marrow fat concurs with recognized changes in extraosseous fat distribution in postmenopausal females. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:225–230. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The epidemiology and etiology of influenza‐like illness in Chinese children from 2008 to 2010
Authors: Peng Jinsong , Kong Wenhua , Guo Deyin , Liu Manqing , Wang Ying , Zhu Honghao , Pang Beibei , Miao Xiaoping , Yu Bin , Luo Tongyong , Hu Quan , Zhou Dunjin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractInfluenza‐like illness can be caused by a wide range of respiratory viruses. In order to investigate the epidemiology of viral pathogens related to influenza‐like illness in children of Wuhan, the largest city in central China, throat swab samples were collected from 1,472 young patients, from July 2008 to June 2010, before and after the occurrence of the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (pH1N1). It was found that 923 patients (62.7%) were positive for at least 1 virus and 90 patients (9.8%) were detected for multiple (≥2) respiratory viruses by real‐time PCR detection of 16 viruses. Seasonal influenza A virus was the predominant pathogen among all the 16 viruses with a positive rate of 13.3% (196/1,472), which was followed by pH1N1 (159/1,472). It was also noted that the viral distribution pattern in Wuhan changed upon the introduction of the pH1N1 virus. J. Med. Virol. 84:672–678, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human parechovirus infections in patients admitted to hospital in Northern Italy, 2008–2010
Authors: Piralla Antonio , Furione Milena , Rovida Francesca , Marchi Antonietta , Stronati Mauro , Gerna Giuseppe , Baldanti Fausto 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHuman parechoviruses (HPeVs) infection is associated with a wide range of clinical syndromes such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurologic diseases, and neonatal sepsis‐like illness. The main objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of HPeVs infection in hospitalized patients in a period of 2 years. Respiratory samples from 3,525 patients with respiratory syndrome, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 340 patients with neurologic syndrome as well as CSF and plasma samples from five neonatal patients with sepsis‐like illness collected from October 2008 to 2010 were tested retrospectively using HPeV‐specific real‐time RT‐PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of VP3/VP1 region was performed on the positive samples. Fourteen out of 3,525 (0.4%) patients with respiratory syndrome and five out of five patients with sepsis‐like illness were positive for HPeV. In 3/5 patients with sepsis‐like illness multiple samples (e.g., stool, plasma, CSF, or respiratory samples) were available, and HPeV was found in all specimens. In contrast, no positive CSF was detected among the 340 patients with neurologic syndromes. Eleven patients (57.9%) were infected with HPeV1 strain, 7 (36.8%) with HPeV3, and 1 (5.3%) with HPeV6 strains. Ten of the 14 HPeV patients with respiratory syndrome were co‐infected with other respiratory viruses (eight with rhinovirus and two with coronavirus OC43). All five patients with sepsis‐like illness were less than 1 month of age and were infected with HPeV3. Although not circulating at high frequency and unlikely to cause respiratory syndrome, HPeV was associated with severe clinical syndromes in a minority of newborns. J. Med. Virol. 84:686–690, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Introduction of new subtypes and variants of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in South Africa
Authors: Gededzha Maemu P. , Selabe Selokela G. , Kyaw Thanda , Rakgole J. Nare , Blackard Jason T. , Mphahlele M. Jeffery 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype is an important predictor of disease progression and treatment response. This descriptive study investigated the sequence diversity and genotypes of HCV in South Africa based on comparative analysis of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), C/E1, and NS5B regions of 60 sequences from 52 patients. Genotype distribution in the studied population was as follows: 54% (28/52) were genotype 5, 19% (10/52) were genotype 1, 19% (10/52) were genotype 4, and 2% (1/52) were genotype 3. Three of 52 (6%) individuals were infected with multiple genotypes based on the 5′UTR. Phylogenetic analysis of the 5′UTR was accurate in determining genotypes, while the C/E1 and NS5B coding region was able to differentiate both genotypes and subtypes, including an outlier group. Furthermore, this study observed the existence of distinct variants of HCV which were divergent from confirmed genotype 4 subtypes. For the first time in South Africa, this analysis has shown the presence of HCV subtypes 4k, 4q, and 4r, as well as evidence of intragenotypic recombinant 4l/4q within NS5B. In conclusion, while genotype 5a remains the predominant genotype in South Africa, the current study indicates the introduction of new subtypes and existence of variants of genotype 4 in South Africa. J. Med. Virol. 84:601–607, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcription‐mediated amplification (TMA) for the assessment of viremia in hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C
Authors: Bastos Dauana O. , Perez Renata M. , Silva Ivonete Souza , Lemos Lara Barros , Simonetti José Pascoal , Medina‐Pestana José Osmar , Silva Antonio Eduardo B. , Ferraz Maria Lucia 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in hemodialysis patients is difficult particularly due to the presence of intermittent viremia. The aims of this study were: (a) to determine the prevalence of intermittent viremia in hemodialysis patients with anti‐HCV antibodies who tested negative for HCV RNA by PCR at the first evaluation and (b) to evaluate the contribution of the transcription‐mediated amplification method (TMA) to the diagnosis of viremia in the PCR‐negative samples. One hundred and six patients with anti‐HCV antibodies and an initial negative result for HCV RNA by PCR were included. An additional sample was collected for a second HCV RNA test by PCR after a minimum interval of 3 months and a positive result characterized intermittent viremia. HCV RNA was investigated by TMA in the PCR‐negative sample of patients with intermittent viremia, and in the most recent sample from patients with PCR‐negative results in both determinations. Intermittent viremia was observed in 60/106 (57%) patients (57% men; age: 45 ± 10 years). Fifty‐one of the 60 negative samples from patients with intermittent viremia and 29/46 double‐negative patients were tested by TMA. This assay detected viremia in 20/51 (39%) samples of intermittent viremia and in 2/29 (7%) of double‐negative samples. The results showed that intermittent viremia is frequent in hemodialysis patients who tested negative for HCV RNA by PCR. Therefore, a second HCV RNA test is necessary for all HCV RNA‐negative patients. The TMA assay appears to be the best first screening test for viremia in this population. J. Med. Virol. 84:596–600, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of glycan binding specificities of influenza B viruses with correlation with hemagglutinin genotypes and clinical features
Authors: Wang Ya‐Fang , Chang Chuan‐Fa , Chi Chia‐Yu , Wang Hsuan‐Chen , Wang Jen‐Ren , Su Ih‐Jen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe carbohydrate binding specificities are different among avian and human influenza A viruses and may affect the tissue tropism and transmission of these viruses. The glycan binding biology for influenza B, however, has not been systematically characterized. Glycan binding specificities of influenza B viral isolates were analyzed and correlated to hemagglutinin (HA) genotypes and clinical manifestations. A newly developed solution glycan array was applied to characterize the receptor binding specificities of influenza B virus clinical isolates from 2001 to 2007 in Taiwan. Thirty oligosaccharides which include α‐2,3 and α‐2,6 linkage glycans were subjected to analysis. The glycan binding patterns of 53 influenza B isolates could be categorized into three groups and were well correlated to their HA genotypes. The Yamagata‐like strains predominantly bound to α‐2,6‐linkage glycan (24:29, 83%) while Victoria‐like strains preferentially bound to both α‐2,3‐ and α‐2,6‐linkage glycans (13:24, 54%). A third group of viruses bound to sulfated glycans and these all belonged to Victoria‐like strains. Based on the HA sequences, Asn‐163, Glu‐198, Ala‐202, and Lys‐203 were conserved among Victoria‐like strains which may influence their carbohydrate recognition. The viruses bound to dual type glycans were more likely to be associated with the development of bronchopneumonia and gastrointestinal illness than those bound only to α‐2,6 sialyl glycans (P < 0.05). Glycan binding analyses provide additional information to monitor the antigenic shift, tissue tropism, and transmission capability of influenza B viruses, and will contribute to virus surveillance and vaccine strain selection. J. Med. Virol. 84:679–685, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.