bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-optimization of CO2 EOR and Sequestration Process in a North Sea Chalk Reservoir
Authors: Forooghi A. , Hamouda A. A , Eilertsen T. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Traditional EOR approaches intend to minimize the injected CO2 to reduce the high cost of the purchased gas, while this approach does not satisfy the sequestration objective to maximize the CO2 stored in the reservoir by the end of the flooding period. In this paper, a new approach is presented where, a methodology is developed to optimize both EOR and sequestration processes.
CO2 injection into a North Sea chalk field is studied using a compositional reservoir simulator. We have investigated the effect of six parameters including injection scheme, injector and producer well type, well control mode, slug size and the WAG ratio on the coupled CO2 EOR and sequestration process. Three different injection strategies using either pure CO2 or a mixture of CO2 and hydrocarbon gas including WAG, continuous CO2 injection and soak alternating CO2 injection have been investigated.
Three well configurations are considered. It includes a vertical and two horizontal well options completed in the third and fifth layer of the reservoir. We have considered BHP and rate control as effective well control modes.
Experimental design is used to perform an efficient sensitivity analysis on the mentioned parameters. Two objective functions have been defined, aimed at co-optimization of EOR and sequestration processes while respecting the economy of the process through minimizing recycled CO2.
In this work a methodology / approach has been developed, which could be applied to other fields. In the case studied here, the results show that the water alternating gas injection scheme using a mixture of CO2 and hydrocarbon gas to be the optimum case (EOR and sequestration process).
Evaluating the Impact of Geophysical Uncertainties on Gross Rock Volume in a Low Relief Carbonate Field, offshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Gazet S. , Chavanne E. , Khalaf A. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Quantifying the geophysical uncertainties is an important part of field evaluation because it has a direct impact on the extension of the oil pool and on the volumes in place. In low relief structures the uncertainty on Gross Rock Volume can be a major issue because small changes in the top reservoir depth map may drastically impact the closure area.
Our field, offshore Abu Dhabi, is an example where this uncertainty issue on gross rock volume is important. The reservoir levels are located in the Lower Cretaceous Formation. A high standard OBC survey recently acquired drastically improved the vision of the field compared to previous sparse 2D lines of various vintages. This new 3D dataset also emphasized the importance of overburden events effects on the top reservoir time map. Signal phase instability appears to be affecting the dataset and hence the top reservoir time map.
This paper presents the methodology followed to optimize the Gross Rock Volume estimation. Statistics as well as analytical methods are combined to assess carefully the uncertainties. The top reservoir time map is quality controlled with respect to key processing steps, overburden artifacts effects and picking uncertainty. The uncertainty related to time to depth conversion is assessed by scenarios around a selected base case. Multiple top reservoir map realizations are then computed, integrating all uncertainties. The objective of the study is to generate P10, P50 and P90 depth maps for the Top reservoir that fully integrate the whole range of geophysical uncertainties. These maps will then be implemented in the geological and reservoir models for further calculations to get P10, P50 and P90 reserves evaluation.
Discrete Element Erosion Modelling—A Grain-Scale Approach
Authors: Marrion M. C. , Woods A. W. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
We report a conceptually simple and robust particle-scale model of hydrodynamic erosion. The model treats each particle of the granular matrix as a discrete element, and computes the erosive and cohesive forces acting upon it due to the oil flow and the surrounding particles. A stochastic erosion criterion is then used to determine if the particle is eroded, depending on the nett force acting upon it and the geometrical constraints imposed on it by the neighbouring particles. The erosion is allowed to progress particle-by-particle, and the pressure field is successively recalculated to take account of the modified particle matrix. The model predicts the formation of wormhole-like voids, which grow upstream into the particle matrix, and develop into a dendritic network. Wormhole growth does not begin until the ratio of erosive to cohesive force exceeds a critical value; as this ratio increases, the amount of erosion increases. The model also shows that non-uniform distributions of permeability, such as those due to localized geological features like intrusions, can significantly modify the characteristics of the erosion and reduce the total amount erosion. These findings are in agreement with previous experimental observations.
Florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum) management in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with residual herbicides
Authors: Grey T. L. , Prostko E. P. , Wehtje G. R. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the emergence and control of Florida beggarweed in peanut. Diclosulam preemergence (PRE), flumioxazin PRE, and imazapic postemergence (POST) were evaluated at three rates, along with paraquat plus bentazon plus 2,4-DB POST, and a nontreated control. These treatments were applied alone, or followed by chlorimuron applied late postemergence (LPOST). Variable Florida beggarweed control (16 to 90%) was observed when flumioxazin PRE, diclosulam PRE, paraquat plus bentazon plus 2,4-DB EPOST, or imazapic POST were applied alone. The pre-harvest population of Florida beggarweed was significantly reduced by the application of any residual herbicide (flumioxazin, diclosulam, or imazapic) alone at any rate either PRE or POST as compared to the nontreated control. Use of the contact treatment of paraquat plus bentazon plus 2,4-DB EPOST alone did not reduce Florida beggarweed populations as compared to the nontreated control. Adding chlorimuron LPOST to any treatment did not reduce Florida beggarweed populations, but provided suppression and reduced the biomass of existing plants. Consistent Florida beggarweed control (86 to 95%) was achieved with combinations of flumioxazin PRE at 105 g ha−1, diclosulam PRE at 53 g ha−1, and imazapic POST at 71 g ha−1 followed by chlorimuron LPOST at 9 g ha−1. The benefit of chlorimuron LPOST was greatest when early season control was least.
Content of Some Nutrients in the Core of the Core of the Peanut Germplasm Collection
Authors: Dean L. L. , Hendrix K. W. , Holbrook C. C. , Sanders T. H. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The usefulness of core collections of germplasm collections has been well established. The U.S. germplasm collection for peanuts was selectively reduced based on morphological characteristics to a mini core or “Core of the Core” collection composed of 112 of the 7432 accessions in the whole collection to make it more efficient for study. Of these samples, 108 were available from one location in the same year and were therefore exposed to one set of environmental conditions wherein genetic variability could also be examined. These samples were analyzed for total and individual amino acid content, fatty acid content, tocopherols, and folic acid content. These data provide a starting point for establishing nutrient composition within these accessions and provide an early indication of currently important characteristics in these lines which might be suited for use in random breeding initiatives.
Influence of Crop Rotation on Peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) Response toBradyrhizobiumin North Carolina
Authors: Jordan David L. , Barnes J. Steven , Corbett Tommy , Bogle Clyde , Marshall Ty , Johnson Dewayne 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) response to inoculation with Bradyrhizobium can vary depending on edaphic and environmental conditions and cropping history. Determining if response is associated with the number years between peanut plantings may increase understanding of when to expect a positive response to inoculation of peanut. Four experiments were conducted in North Carolina to determine peanut response to in-furrow inoculation with Bradyrhizobium when a range of years and typical crops grown in North Carolina often separating peanut plantings. Rotations varied from continuous peanut in some experiments to as many as five years of a non-peanut crop separating peanut plantings. The interaction of crop rotation by inoculation treatment (no inoculation versus in-furrow application of Bradyrhizobium) was not significant for visually estimated peanut canopy color or pod yield in any of the experiments. However, the main effect of rotation was significant in three of four experiments while the main effect of inoculation was significant in two of four experiments. Increasing the number of years a non-peanut crop was planted between peanut plantings increased yield in three of four experiments. Results from these experiments suggest that using the number of non-peanut crops included between peanut plantings is not a good indicator of determining when peanut will respond positively to inoculation with Bradyrhizobium.
Response of Peanut to Fungicide and Phosphorus in On-station and On-farm Tests in Ghana
Authors: Naab J. B. , Prasad P. V. V. , Boote K. J. , Jones J. W. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important component of cropping systems in West Africa. Identifying production constraints in farmers' fields and evaluating possible management strategies are of prime importance to improve peanut productivity and adoption of new technologies. The objective of our research was to study the influence of fungicides and phosphorus application on severity of leaf spot, dry matter production and pod yield of peanut crops grown in on-station and farmer participatory tests (on-farm conditions) in Northern Ghana. On-station tests to evaluate yield benefits of fungicide sprays and applications of phosphorus were conducted at Wa. On-station tests included two fungicide treatments (no-spray versus fungicide spray) at four P fertilizer levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P ha−1). On-farm tests were conducted in three villages Nakor, Piisi and Janguasi with participation of 6–11 farmers per village. On-farm tests included three treatments: (i) farmers' practice of no-fungicide and no-fertilizer (control), (ii) only fungicide, and (iii) combination of fungicide and phosphorus. The commonly grown Spanish type cultivar Chinese (90-d duration) was selected. Both leaf spot and lack of phosphorus nutrition were yield-limiting factors in on-farm tests. Applications of fungicide were effective in controlling leaf spot and improved peanut pod yield on average by 49% in the three tested field sites in on-farm tests and by 40% in on-station tests. Application of phosphorus to fungicide-treated plots further increased pod yield by 32% when compared to fungicide alone in on-farm tests. Combination of both fungicide and P fertilizer improved peanut pod yield by 95% (ranged from 75 to 120%), when compared to farmers' practice of no-fungicide and no-fertilizer.
Selective Electrochemical Etching of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Wei Dacheng , Liu Yunqi , Cao Lingchao , Zhang Hongliang , Huang Liping , Yu Gui , Kajiura Hisashi , Li Yongming 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are a promising material for future nanotechnology. However, their applications are still limited in success because of the co‐existence of metallic SWNTs and semiconducting SWNTs produced samples. Here, electrochemical etching, which shows both diameter and electrical selectivity, is demonstrated to remove SWNTs. With the aid of a back‐gate electric field, selective removal of metallic SWNTs is realized, resulting in high‐performance SWNT field‐effect transistors with pure semiconducting SWNT channels. Moreover, electrochemical etching is realized on a selective area. These findings would be valuable for research and the application of SWNTs in electrochemistry and in electronic devices.
Generic Strategy of Preparing Fluorescent Conjugated‐Polymer‐Loaded Poly(DL‐lactide‐co‐Glycolide) Nanoparticles for Targeted Cell Imaging
Authors: Li Kai , Pan Jie , Feng Si‐Shen , Wu Arthur Wenqing , Pu Kan‐Yi , Liu Yutao , Liu Bin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA general strategy for the preparation of highly fluorescent poly(DL‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with conjugated polymers (CPs) is reported. The process involves encapsulation of organic‐soluble CPs with PLGA using a modified solvent extraction/evaporation technique. The obtained NPs are stable in aqueous media with biocompatible and functionalizable surfaces. In addition, fluorescent properties of the CP‐loaded PLGA NPs (CPL NPs) could be fine‐tuned by loading different types of CPs into the PLGA matrix. Four types of CPL NPs are prepared with a volume‐average hydrodynamic diameter ranging from 243 to 272 nm. The application of CPL NPs for bio‐imaging is demonstrated through incubation with MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy studies reveal that the CPL NPs are internalized in cytoplasm around the nuclei with intense fluorescence. After conjugation with folic acid, cellular uptake of the surface‐functionalized CPL NPs is greatly enhanced via receptor‐mediated endocytosis by MCF‐7 breast cancer cells, as compared to that for NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells, which indicates a selective targeting effect of the folate‐functionalized CPL NPs in cellular imaging. The merits of CPL NPs, such as low cytotoxicity, high fluorescence, good photostability, and feasible surface functionalization, will inspire extensive study of CPL NPs as a new generation of probes for specific biological imaging and detection.
Brainstem disconnection associated with nodular heterotopia and proatlantal arteries
Authors: Okumura Akihisa , Lee Tsubasa , Shimojima Keiko , Hisata Ken , Shoji Hiromichi , Takanashi Jun‐ichi , Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Shimizu Toshiaki , Barkovich A. James 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe report on a patient with brainstem disconnection associated with periventricular nodular heterotopia and bilateral proatlantal intersegmental arteries. The patient was a girl born after 37 weeks of gestation with birth weight of 1,938 g. Polyhydroamnios and lack of swallowing movement were noted on fetal ultrasonography. No spontaneous body movement or respiration was observed after birth, whereas facial movement was preserved. She had marked generalized weakness and absent deep tendon reflexes. She remains alive and hospitalized at 4 years of age but requires mechanical ventilation and feeding through a gastrostomy tube. MRI showed absence of the lower pons and the medulla oblongata associated with hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres. In addition, ventriculomegaly and periventricular nodular heterotopia were observed in the cerebrum. MR angiography demonstrated the absence of vertebral arteries and presence of bilateral proatlantal intersegmental arteries arising from the external carotid arteries. Array‐comparative genomic hybridization analysis did not show any genomic copy number aberrations. No mutation was found in the FLNA gene or the EN2 gene. The constellation of the malformations of our patient suggested that genes related to the development of the central nervous and vascular system may be involved in the pathogenesis of brainstem disconnection. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autosomal recessive diseases among the Athabaskans of the Southwestern United States: Recent advances and implications for the future
Authors: Erickson Robert P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGenetic and linguistic data suggest that the Na‐Dene, of which the Athabaskans are the largest group, are part of a later immigration into the Americas than the first Amerind immigration. Whether a second and third immigration can be separated seems unlikely but continued cross‐Bering Strait exchanges may have masked what was a greater separation in the past. The movement of tribes into Siberia appears to have involved a genetic bottleneck leading to at least one disease allele shared by Eskimo/Aleuts and Navajos and a second possibly shared by the Navajo and a Siberian population, but not the same Siberian population that share deep linguistic affinities with the Navajo. A second bottleneck appears to have occurred with the migration of Athabaskans from Northwest North America to the Southwestern United States along the Rocky Mountains. This bottleneck is reflected in several rare recessive diseases shared by the Navajo and Apache. Finally, the Navajo were captured and imprisoned under conditions which led to severe population loss. This, and the “hiding away” of a small number of Navajos in what is now the Western portion of the reservation, led to a Navajo‐specific bottleneck(s) resulting in an increased frequency of several rare recessive diseases among the Navajo. Prejudice against human genetic research is high among the Southwestern Athabaskans but attempts to bridge the gap are now occurring. The involvement of Navajo scientists in this process is especially encouraging. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of a de novo complex chromosomal rearrangement in a patient with cri‐du‐chat and trisomy 5p syndromes
Authors: Vera‐Carbonell Ascensión , Bafalliu Juan Antonio , Guillén‐Navarro Encarna , Escalona Ariadna , Ballesta‐Martínez María J. , Fuster Carme , Fernández Asunción , López‐Expósito Isabel 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo syndromes with abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome 5 have been described: cri‐du‐chat (resulting from 5p deletion) and trisomy 5p. We report for the first time a patient with both syndromes, resulting from a complex chromosomal rearrangement with an inverted duplication of 5p13.1‐p14.2, a deletion of 5p14.2‐pter, and a duplication of 5p12, characterized by array‐CGH and BAC clones. The patient showed phenotypic characteristics of both syndromes and died at 3 months of age as a result of cardiorespiratory failure, probably associated with the clinical severity of the trisomy 5p syndrome. We propose a potential causative mechanism for this rearrangement. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fukutin gene retrotransposal insertion in a non‐Japanese Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) patient
Authors: Xiong Hui , Wang Shuo , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Jiang Yuwu , Wang Jingmin , Chang Xingzhi , Yuan Yun , Liu Jieyu , Toda Tatsushi , Fukuyama Yukio , Wu Xiru 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFukuyama‐type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) is an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by severe muscular dystrophy associated with brain malformation. FCMD is the second most common form of muscular dystrophy and one of the most common autosomal recessive diseases among the Japanese population; however, no typical FCMD cases have been reported in any other population. In this study, we report on the first identification of a Chinese FCMD patient; our findings are supported by clinical, histological, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence, as well as fukutin gene mutational analyses. The patient presented with neonatal hypotonia, seizures, and delayed motor and speech development. Additional testing revealed cerebral and cerebellar gyrus abnormalities with white matter signal intensity changes, elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) levels, and dystrophic skeletal muscle with α‐dystroglycan hypoglycosylation, and normal β‐dystroglycan and merosin expression. Genetic analysis of the fukutin gene showed one copy with a Japanese founder 3‐kilobase (kb) retrotransposal insertion in the 3′‐non‐coding region and the other copy with a known c.139C>T mutation. This is the first FCMD case reported in the Chinese population and the first case in which the 3‐kb insertion has been found outside of the Japanese population. This report emphasizes the importance of considering the fukutin founder mutation for diagnostic purposes outside of Japan. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Essentially” pure trisomy 3q27 → qter: Further delineation of the partial trisomy 3q phenotype
Authors: Grossmann Vera , Müller Doris , Müller Wilfried , Fresser Friedrich , Erdel Martin , Janecke Andreas R. , Zschocke Johannes , Utermann Gerd , Kotzot Dieter 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPartial duplication 3q is a well defined clinical entity characterized by growth retardation, cryptorchism, microcephaly, and characteristic dysmorphisms. Most patients present with large duplications or are associated with a second chromosomal imbalance, which makes the definition of the phenotype difficult. Here, we report on a 4‐year and 8‐month‐old girl with pre‐ and postnatal measurements in the high normal range, developmental delay, minor dysmorphic features, and a de novo unbalanced 3/4 translocation with trisomy 3q27 → qter and monosomy of the subtelomeric region of 4p. Conventional karyotyping, FISH with probes from the Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome critical region and chromosome 4p locus‐specific probes, microsatellite marker‐based haplotyping, and SNP microarray copy number analysis revealed a terminal 4p deletion of less than 500 kb with a breakpoint distal to the Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome critical region, a chromosome 3q duplication of around 15.3 Mb, with origin of the rearrangement in paternal meiosis. Thus, our case clearly characterizes the phenotype of pure partial duplication 3q more exactly, and moreover, indicates that small chromosome rearrangements might lead to growth in the upper normal range or even cause overgrowth. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ComprehensiveZEB2gene analysis for Mowat–Wilson syndrome in a North American cohort: A suggested approach to molecular diagnostics
Authors: Saunders Carol J. , Zhao Weiwei , Ardinger Holly H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMowat–Wilson syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by a recognizable facial phenotype in addition to moderate to severe cognitive disability with severe speech impairment and variable multiple congenital anomalies. The anomalies may include Hirschsprung disease, heart defects, structural eye anomalies including microphthalmia, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and urogenital anomalies. Microcephaly, seizure disorder and constipation are common. All typical cases result from haploinsufficiency of theZEB2(also known asZFHX1BorSIP‐1) gene, with over 100 distinct mutations now described. Approximately 80% of patients have a nonsense or frameshift mutation detectable by sequencing, with the rest having gross deletions necessitating a dosage sensitive assay. Here we report on the results of comprehensive molecular testing for 27 patients testing positive for MWS. Twenty‐one patients had a nonsense, frameshift, or splice site mutation identified by sequencing; 14 of which localized to exon 8 and 17 of which are novel. Six patients had deletions in theZEB2gene, including two novel partial gene deletions. This report, the first such analysis in North American patients, adds to the growing list of both novel pathogenic mutations associated with MWS, as well as other variants in theZEB2gene. In addition, we suggest an economical testing strategy. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.