bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kimberlites of the Manchary pipe: a new kimberlite field in Central Yakutia
Authors: Smelov A.P. , Andreev A.P. , Altukhova Z.A. , Babushkina S.A. , Bekrenev K.A. , Zaitsev A.I. , Izbekov E.D. , Koroleva O.V. , Mishnin V.M. , Okrugin A.V. , Oleinikov O.B. , Surnin A.A. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
This paper reports new petrographic and mineralogical data on the Manchary kimberlite pipe, which was discovered south of Yakutsk (Central Yakutia) in 2007–2008, 100 km. The pipe breaks through the Upper Cambrian carbonate deposits and is overlain by Jurassic terrigenous rock masses about 100 m thick. It is composed of greenish-gray kimberlite breccia with a serpentine-micaceous cement of massive structure. The porphyry texture of kimberlite is due to the presence of olivine, phlogopite, and picroilmenite phenocrysts. The SiO2 and Al2O3 contents of the groundmass are indicative of typical noncontaminated kimberlites. The groundmass has a significant content of ore minerals: Fe- and Cr-spinels, perovskite, magnetite, and, less commonly, magnesian Cr-magnetite. Pyropes occur in kimberlites as sharp-edged fragments and show uneven distribution. Chemically, they belong to lherzolite, wehrlite, or nondiamondiferous dunite–harzburgite parageneses. Garnets corresponding to lherzolites of anomalous composition make up 8%; this is close to the garnet content of Middle Paleozoic kimberlites from the Yakutian kimberlite province. The pyropes from the new pipe are compositionally similar to those from diamond-poor Middle Paleozoic kimberlites in the north of the Yakutian diamondiferous province. Chemically, pyropes from the Manchary pipe and those from the modern alluvium of the Kengkeme and Chakyya Rivers differ substantially. Consequently, the rocks of the pipe could not be a source of pyropes for this alluvium. They probably occured from other sources. This fact along with numerous “pipelike” geophysical anomalies, suggest the existence of a new kimberlite field in Central Yakutia.
Mineral potential of the Russian Arctic: state and efficient development
Authors: Safonov Yu.G. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The metallogeny of the Russian Arctic zone, with a high potential for U, platinum-group metals, Au, Sn, trace elements, etc., in its different sectors, has been controlled by the type of early continental structures and by the uniform Meso-Cenozoic evolution of the area. The suggested reasonable development strategy is to conserve and further develop the existing mining districts associated with known large fields and to discover new primary (U, Au, etc.) and placer deposits. It is important to provide scientific background and environmental monitoring in the area at the stages of mineral prediction, exploration, and development.
A New Approach to Data Publication in Ocean Sciences
Authors: Lowry Roy , Urban Ed , Pissierssens Peter 
Published: December 2009

Data are collected from ocean sciences activities that range from a single investigator working in a laboratory to large teams of scientists cooperating on big, multinational, global ocean research projects. What these activities have in common is that all result in data, some of which are used as the basis for publications in peer‐reviewed journals.However, two major problems regarding data remain. First, many data valuable for understanding ocean physics, chemistry, geology, biology, and how the oceans operate in the Earth system are never archived or made accessible to other scientists. Data underlying traditional journal articles are often difficult to obtain. Second, when scientists do contribute data to databases, their data become freely available, with little acknowledgment and no contribution to their career advancement. To address these problems, stronger ties must be made between data repositories and academic journals, and a “digital backbone” needs to be created for data related to journal publications.
Language Performance of Low-Income African American and European American Preschool Children on the PPVT–III
Authors: Qi Cathy Huaqing , Kaiser Ann P. , Milan Stephanie , Hancock Terry 
Published: December 2009

PurposeThe performance of low-income African American preschoolers (36 to 52 months old) on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Third Edition (PPVT–III; L. M. Dunn & L. M. Dunn, 1997) was examined to provide a norm for assessing the performance of this population and to explore the link between socioeconomic status (SES) and language scores on the PPVT–III.MethodFour hundred and eighty-two African American and 52 European American children in a comparison group were individually administered the PPVT–III.ResultsOn average, African American children performed approximately 1.5SDbelow the expected mean based on national norms. Using standard cutoff scores, the PPVT–III identified more children as having language delays than did other measures of language abilities. Socioeconomic factors were related to PPVT–III scores, indicating that the degree of disadvantage within children with low SES was related to language abilities. Maternal education level, marital status, and the number of children in the household were uniquely associated with children’s performance on the PPVT–III.Clinical ImplicationsThe importance of supporting language development in preschool children from low-income families is discussed.
Performance on the PPVT–III and the EVT: Applicability of the Measures With African American and European American Preschool Children
Authors: Restrepo María Adelaida , Schwanenflugel Paula J. , Blake Jamilia , Neuharth-Pritchett Stacey , Cramer Stephen E. , Ruston Hilary P. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine whether two vocabulary measures were appropriate for the evaluation of African American children and children whose mothers have low education levels, regardless of gender.

Method
Data were collected for 210 high-risk, preschool children from a southeastern state in the United States on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Third Edition (PPVT–III; L. M. Dunn & L.M. Dunn, 1997) and the Expressive Vocabulary Test (EVT; K. T. Williams, 1997).

Results
Results indicated that African American children and children whose mothers had low education levels tended to score lower on both measures than did children from European American backgrounds and children whose mothers had a high school or higher education; however, this effect was larger for the PPVT–III.

Clinical Implications
Data suggest that the EVT is a better indicator of a child’s “vocabulary” skill, and that the PPVT–III has a greater tendency than the EVT to place African American children and children whose mothers have low education levels at risk for being unfairly identified as presenting with a potential language disorder. These data indicate that practitioners should use alternative assessment methods such as nonstandard and dynamic assessments to test children’s vocabulary skill. In particular, if they use the PPVT–III, practitioners should take great caution in interpreting test results as evidence of a vocabulary problem in African American children and children whose mothers have low education levels.
English Language Narratives of Filipino Children
Authors: Lofranco Lee Ann L. , Peña Elizabeth D. , Bedore Lisa M. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose
The current study focuses on describing the English language narrative skills of children who have been exposed to the Filipino language.

Method
Eight children between the ages of 6;0 (years;months) and 7;7 who spoke primarily English but who were exposed to the Filipino language at home participated. Each child produced three narrative samples based on wordless picture books. Samples were analyzed for narrative complexity as well as measures of productivity and grammaticality.

Results
The complexity of children’s narratives was comparable to that reported in the literature for monolingual English-speaking children. Grammaticality measures show use of an average of 16.55% Filipino-influenced English forms across three stories. The observed patterns of Filipino-influenced English were predictable based on the comparison of English and Filipino structures. Variability in maze use was related to the amount of exposure to Filipino.

Clinical Implications
Care should be taken to evaluate grammaticality with respect to nonstandard English forms predicted by the rules of the language in contact with English. Further, maze use may be related to level of exposure to another language and should be further explored when using such information in language evaluation.
Eligibility Criteria for Language Impairment
Authors: Spaulding Tammie J. , Plante Elena , Farinella Kimberly A. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose
The assumption that children with language impairment will receive low scores on standardized tests, and therefore that low scores will accurately identify these children, is examined through a review of data in the manuals of tests that are intended for use in identifying such children.

Method
Data from 43 commercially available tests of child language were compiled to identify whether evidence exists to support their use in identifying language impairment in children.

Results

A review of data concerning the performance of children with impaired language failed to support the assumption that these children will routinely score at the low end of a test’s normative distribution. A majority of tests reported that such children scored above 1.5
SD
below the mean, and scores were within 1
SD
of the mean for more than a quarter (27%) of the tests. The primary evidence needed to support the purpose of identification, test sensitivity and specificity, was available for 9 of the 43 tests, and acceptable accuracy (80% or better) was reported for 5 of these tests.

Implications
Specific data supporting the application of “low score” criteria for the identification of language impairment is not supported by the majority of current commercially available tests. However, alternate sources of data (sensitivity and specificity rates) that support accurate identification are available for a subset of the available tests.
Survey of SLP Caseloads in Washington State Schools: Implications and Strategies for Action
Authors: Dowden Patricia , Alarcon Nancy , Vollan Teresa , Cumley Gary D. , Kuehn Carrie M. , Amtmann Dagmar 
Published: December 2009

Purpose
To document statewide and regional caseloads and to examine workload management strategies by surveying speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in Washington State public schools.

Method
All school SLPs who were registered with the Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction were mailed a detailed survey in May, 2001 and a brief follow-up survey 1 year later.

Results

Response rates were 43% (
N
= 431) and 47% (
N
= 464), respectively. Caseload findings showed a statewide mean of 59 students, with regional variation as high as 30%.

Implications
There was no systematic evidence that caseloads were managed through state, district, or local limits or by distributing clients on the basis of the severity of impairment or SLP experience or training. There was significant evidence, however, that clinicians with larger caseloads were more likely to have assistants and to conduct a higher proportion of group sessions than were clinicians with smaller caseloads. The authors discuss the implication of these findings for this and other states with no caseload limits and a shortage of SLPs. There is an appeal for more research using newly established measures of workload as well as a call to action to address the challenges that these findings represent.
Comparing Monotic and Diotic Selective Auditory Attention Abilities in Children
Authors: Cherry Rochelle , Rubinstein Adrienne 
Published: December 2009

PurposeSome researchers have assessed ear-specific performance of auditory processing ability using speech recognition tasks with normative data based on diotic administration. The present study investigated whether monotic and diotic administrations yield similar results using the Selective Auditory Attention Test.MethodSeventy-two typically achieving children were tested both monotically and diotically in a counterbalanced, repeated measures design.ResultsResults revealed that diotic scores were significantly higher than monotic scores, with no significant difference between right and left ears.ConclusionCollecting ear-specific normative data is recommended over extrapolating from norms using a diotic speech recognition test. Because a binaural advantage may be found when listening under challenging conditions, the strategy of occluding one ear in children with (central) auditory processing disorder ([C]APD) should be reconsidered.
Nonword Repetition and Sentence Repetition as Clinical Markers of Specific Language Impairment: The Case of Cantonese
Authors: Stokes Stephanie F. , Wong Anita M-Y. , Fletcher Paul , Leonard Laurence B. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose
Recent research suggests that nonword repetition (NWR) and sentence repetition (SR) tasks can be used to discriminate between children with SLI and their typically developing age-matched (TDAM) and younger (TDY) peers.

Method
Fourteen Cantonese-speaking children with SLI and 30 of their TDAM and TDY peers were compared on NWR and SR tasks. NWR of IN nonwords (CV combinations attested in the language) and OUT nonwords (CV combinations unattested in the language) were compared. SR performance was compared using 4 different scoring methods.

Results
The SLI group did not score significantly lower than the TDAM group on the test of NWR (overall results were TDAM = SLI > TDY). There were nonsignificant group differences on IN syllables but not on OUT syllables. The results do not suggest a limitation in phonological working memory in Cantonese-speaking children with SLI. The SR task discriminated between children and their TDAM peers but not between children with SLI and their TDY peers matched for mean length of utterance.

Conclusions
SR but not NWR discriminates between children with SLI and their TDAM peers. Poorer NWR for English-speaking children with SLI might be attributable to weaker use of the redintegration strategy in word repetition. Further cross-linguistic investigations of processing strategies are required.
Can Severely Language Delayed 3-Year-Olds Be Identified at 18 Months? Evaluation of a Screening Version of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories
Authors: Westerlund Monica , Berglund Eva , Eriksson Mårten 
Published: December 2009

Purpose
To evaluate the effectiveness of a screening instrument (the Swedish Communication Screening at 18 months of age; SCS18), derived from the Swedish MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventory, in identification of 18-month-old children who will be severely language disabled by 3 years of age, the authors (a) analyzed which SCS18’s component yielded the best prediction, (b) compared the productivity figures of the SCS18 with those of the traditional method of identification, and (c) tried different cutoff criteria of the SCS18.

Method
Half of the child health care (CHC) centers in a Swedish county were randomly selected to use the SCS18 (e.g., a checklist supporting parents in assessing their child’s word production, word comprehension, and communicative gestures). Remaining CHC centers used an informal assessment. Expressive and receptive language was subsequently judged with an observation for 3-year-olds that is routine in the county. An unselected population of 2,080 children participated at 18 months of age and again at 3 years of age.

Result
Number of spoken words yielded the best prediction, and SCS18 was superior to the traditional method. A sensitivity of 50%, however, was not enough, and a stricter criterion resulted in too many false positives to be acceptable as routine.

Conclusion
Although the SCS18 has strength, the age of 18 months seems to be too early for identification of severe language disability.
The Impact of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention on the Speech Production of Individuals With Developmental Disabilities: A Research Review
Authors: Millar Diane C. , Light Janice C. , Schlosser Ralf W. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose
This article presents the results of a meta-analysis to determine the effect of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) on the speech production of individuals with developmental disabilities.

Method
A comprehensive search of the literature published between 1975 and 2003, which included data on speech production before, during, and after AAC intervention, was conducted using a combination of electronic and hand searches.

Results
The review identified 23 studies, involving 67 individuals. Seventeen of these studies did not establish experimental control, thereby limiting the certainty of evidence about speech outcomes. The remaining 6 studies, involving 27 cases, had sufficient methodological rigor for the “best evidence analysis” (cf. R. E. Slavin, 1986). Most of the participants (aged 2–60 years) had mental retardation or autism; the AAC interventions involved instruction in manual signs or nonelectronic aided systems. None of the 27 cases demonstrated decreases in speech production as a result of AAC intervention, 11% showed no change, and the majority (89%) demonstrated gains in speech. For the most part, the gains observed were modest, but these data may underestimate the effect of AAC intervention on speech production because there were ceiling effects.

Conclusions
Future research is needed to better delineate the relationship between AAC intervention and speech production across a wider range of participants and AAC interventions.
Visuospatial Immediate Memory in Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Archibald Lisa M. D. , Gathercole Susan E. 
Published: December 2009

PurposeInvestigations of the cognitive processes underlying specific language impairment (SLI) have implicated deficits in verbal short-term and working memory and in particular the storage and processing of phonological information. This study investigated short-term and working memory for visuospatial material for a group of children with SLI, to test whether the verbal memory impairments already established extend to the visuospatial domain.MethodFifteen children with SLI and control groups of children matched on chronological age and language age completed tests of visuospatial short-term and working memory.ResultsThe SLI group performed comparably with age-matched control children on all measures and at a higher level than the language-age control group on several measures.ConclusionsThe visuospatial short-term and working memory abilities were at age-appropriate levels in this SLI group. This contrasts markedly with their impairments on tests of verbal short-term and working memory.
Language Deficits in Poor Comprehenders: A Case for the Simple View of Reading
Authors: Catts Hugh W. , Adlof Suzanne M. , Weismer Susan Ellis 
Published: December 2009

Purpose
To examine concurrently and retrospectively the language abilities of children with specific reading comprehension deficits (“poor comprehenders”) and compare them to typical readers and children with specific decoding deficits (“poor decoders”).

Method
In Study 1, the authors identified 57 poor comprehenders, 27 poor decoders, and 98 typical readers on the basis of 8th-grade reading achievement. These subgroups' performances on 8th-grade measures of language comprehension and phonological processing were investigated. In Study 2, the authors examined retrospectively subgroups' performances on measures of language comprehension and phonological processing in kindergarten, 2nd, and 4th grades. Word recognition and reading comprehension in 2nd and 4th grades were also considered.

Results
Study 1 showed that poor comprehenders had concurrent deficits in language comprehension but normal abilities in phonological processing. Poor decoders were characterized by the opposite pattern of language abilities. Study 2 results showed that subgroups had language (and word recognition) profiles in the earlier grades that were consistent with those observed in 8th grade. Subgroup differences in reading comprehension were inconsistent across grades but reflective of the changes in the components of reading comprehension over time.

Conclusions
The results support the simple view of reading and the phonological deficit hypothesis. Furthermore, the findings indicate that a classification system that is based on the simple view has advantages over standard systems that focus only on word recognition and/or reading comprehension.
Speech Perception for Adults Who Use Hearing Aids in Conjunction With Cochlear Implants in Opposite Ears
Authors: Mok Mansze , Grayden David , Dowell Richard C. , Lawrence David 
Published: December 2009

This study aimed to (a) investigate the effect of using a hearing aid in conjunction with a cochlear implant in opposite ears on speech perception in quiet and in noise, (b) identify the speech information obtained from a hearing aid that is additive to the information obtained from a cochlear implant, and (c) explore the relationship between aided thresholds in the nonimplanted ear and speech perception benefit from wearing a hearing aid in conjunction with a cochlear implant in opposite ears.
Fourteen adults who used the Nucleus 24 cochlear implant system in 1 ear participated in the study. All participants had either used a hearing aid in the nonimplanted ear for at least 75% of waking hours after cochlear implantation, and/or, hearing loss less than 90 dB HL in the low frequencies in the nonimplanted ear. Speech perception was evaluated in 3 conditions: cochlear implant alone (CI), hearing aid alone (HA), and cochlear implant in conjunction with hearing aid in opposite ears (CIHA). Three speech perception tests were used: consonant–vowel nucleus–consonant (CNC) words in quiet, City University of New York style (CUNY) sentences in coincident signal and noise, and spondees in coincidental and spatially separated signal and noise. Information transmission analyses were performed on the CNC responses.
Of the 14 participants tested, 6 showed significant bimodal benefit on open-set speech perception measures and 5 showed benefit on close-set spondees. However, 2 participants showed poorer speech perception with CIHA than CI in at least 1 of the speech perception tests. Results of information transmission analyses showed that bimodal benefit (performance with CIHA minus that with CI) in quiet arises from improved perception of the low frequency components in speech. Results showed that participants with poorer aided thresholds in the mid-to-high frequencies demonstrated greater bimodal benefit. It is possible that the mid-to-high frequency information provided by the hearing aids may be conflicting with the cochlear implants.