bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE SENSORY NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE ADULT CATTLE TICK BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS (CANESTRINI) IXODIDAE PART II. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Authors: WALADDE S. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe morphology of the sensory receptors on tarsus I and on the mouthparts of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus were examined by means of scanning electron microscopy. Features not resolved by light microscopy were revealed. The number of sensilla and their morphology are unique to B. microplus though similar to those of other tick species already described. The sensory setae found include mechanoreceptors, contact and olfactory chemoreceptors. Of special interest, on each inner cheliceral digit, is a denticle bearing a papilla at its tip and a pit at its base. The functions of these two newly described features are not known but it seems likely that they may include contact chemoreceptors capable of tasting host tissue chemicals. These observations provide the foundation for transmission electron microscopy of the receptors, which is the subject of the third paper in this series.
AN EXAMPLE OF NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN TROIDES OBLONGOMACULATUS PAPUENSIS WALLACE AND ORNITHOPTERA PRIAMUS POSEIDON DOUBLEDAY (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE)
Authors: SANDS D. P. A. , SAWYER P. F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNatural copulation between two taxonomically distant but obviously related birdwing butterflies. Ornithoptera priamus poseidon Doubleday and Troides oblongomaculatus papuensis Wallace is recorded from Papua New Guinea. The copulating pair was captured, and two male hybrid progeny were subsequently reared.
REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN DACNUSINI (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE: ALYSIINAE), PARASITOIDS OF CYCLORRHAPHOUS DIPTERA
Authors: Wharton R. A. , Austin A. D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe alysiine braconid tribe Dacnusini is revised for Australia and 4 genera are recorded from the continent for the first time.Chaenusa mcalpini, C. rugosa, C. semisetosa, Chorebus nigricapitisandCoelinius versicolorare described as new, and a key is provided for their discrimination.Dacnusa areolarisNees von Esenbeck, a Palaearctic species known from New Zealand, is also recorded from Australia and is shown to be widespread. The synonymy of the genusCoeliniusNees von Esenbeck is discussed. Lectotypes are designated forChaenon ancepsCurtis andChaenon affinisCurtis and a neotype is designated forStephanus nigerNees von Esenbeck. Reasons for the paucity of the Australian dacnusine fauna, the relationships between species and the general biology of the tribe are discussed.
ATTRACTION OF APIS MELLIFERA L. (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) TO VOLATILE COMPOUNDS
Authors: Allsopp P. G. , Cherry R. H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAnethole and the commercial Trécé Japanese beetle lure (10:22:11, 2‐phenylethylproprionate: eugenol: geraniol) exposed in Trécé Japanese beetle traps attracted honey bees, Apis mellifera L. Other floral lures and fatty acids tested did not attract honey bees.
MATING BEHAVIOUR OFPHAULACRIDIUM VITTATUMSJÖSTEDT (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)1
Authors: Bland R. G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe mating behaviour ofPhaulacridium vittatum, a non‐acoustic acridid of Australia, was observed under laboratory conditions. Femur‐tipping by males was common. Males mounted any active grasshopper that moved nearby. However, males appeared to use the size of a mounted individual as a basis for sex identification because they remained mounted only on females or on males whose thorax or abdomen were broadened to that of a female. A male's copulatory attempts continued when his antennae, mouthparts, cerci or tarsi were amputated, and antennectomised males remained mounted longer. Males and females were compared for agonistic behaviour of brachypterous and macropterous forms.
EGG AND LARVAL ABUNDANCES OF HELICOVERPA HARDWICK (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON CHRISTMAS BELLS
Authors: Coombs M. , Ramsey M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA population of the native monocot Christmas bells was examined for eggs and larvae of Helicoverpa spp. throughout the 1989–1990 flowering season. H. armigera (Hübner), but no H. punctigera (Wallengren), were found. Eggs were found only on floral buds or recently‐opened flowers. On plants with eggs, individual buds carried only a single egg. On such plants the mean number of eggs was 1.2 ± 0.6, although plants had 6.5 ± 2.0 buds. During peak flowering 21% of plants carried eggs. Larvae were found on plants with buds, flowers and/or fruits. Late instar larvae that fed predominately on buds and flowers of Christmas bells produced fertile offspring, suggesting that this plant was suitable as a host. Egg and larval abundances were both correlated positively with the numbers of plants with buds. Abundance of larvae, but not eggs, was also correlated positively with the numbers of plants with flowers. During peak flowering, egg and larval abundances were estimated at 1.5 and 0.5 million per 100 ha respectively.
Microbial population and diversity on the exoskeletons of four insect species associated with gorse (Ulex europaeus L.)
Authors: Yamoah Emmanuel , Jones E Eirian , Weld Richard J , Suckling David M , Waipara Nick , Bourdôt Graeme W , Hee Alvin K W , Stewart Alison 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFungi and bacteria on the external surfaces of four gorse‐associated insect species: gorse seed weevil Apion ulicis Förster (Coleoptera: Apionidae), light brown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana Walker (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), gorse pod moth Cydia ulicetana Denis and Schiffermüller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and gorse thrips Sericothrips staphylinus Haliday (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), were recovered by washing and plating techniques. The isolates were identified by morphology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing of internally transcribed spacer (ITS) and 16S rDNA. A culture‐independent technique (direct PCR) was also used to assess fungal diversity by direct amplification of ITS sequences from the washings of the insects. All insect species carried Alternaria, Cladosporium, Corallomycetella, Penicillium, Phoma, Pseudozyma spp. and entomopathogens. Ninety‐four per cent of the 178 cloned amplicons had ITS sequence similarity to Nectria mauritiicola (syn. Corallomycetella repens). E. postvittana carried the largest fungal spores (spore mean surface area of 126 μm2) and the most fungal colony forming units per insect. Methylobacterium aquaticum and Pseudomonas lutea were isolated from all four insect species. P. fluorescens was the most abundant bacterium on the lepidopteran insects. This study presents the diversity of microbial taxa on insect exoskeletons, and provides the basis for developing a novel mycoherbicide delivery strategy for biological control of gorse using insects as vectors of a plant pathogen.
Colony characteristics of Vespula germanica (F.) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in a Mediterranean climate (southern Australia)
Authors: Kasper Marta L , Reeson Andrew F , Austin Andrew D 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Vespula germanica has been accidentally introduced into Australia, where it has now established as a horticultural, agricultural, environmental and nuisance pest. Despite comprehensive and often expensive eradication programs, remarkably little information exists for the species in Australia. Most previous studies were conducted in its native range in England, and in New Zealand where V. germanica has also been introduced. Data on nesting sites in Adelaide were collected over two seasons, with a total of 2640 nests surveyed. The majority of nests (67%) were found below ground, mostly in soil. Twenty‐nine percent of nests were found in artificial structures, while the remainder of nests was located above ground. Variation among different habitat types suggests that the species can utilise whatever nest sites are available. Colony duration, timing and seasonal development were also examined by collecting wasp nests over three seasons. Nests were found between November and May. Average mature colonies contained over 9500 small (worker) and 3600 large (queen and male) cells, with some large nests consisting of over 27 500 cells. By the end of May, such colonies have 15 000 wasps emerging from small cells and 2500 wasps emerging from large cells. This is 35–80% more than the numbers of adults produced by V. germanica colonies in England. In addition, in southern Australia a proportion of nests overwinter and survive into the next season, whereas all nests collapse and die out at this time in England. A significant linear relationship was found between wasp traffic and various measures of nest size. These results indicate that in the absence of an adverse climate, V. germanica nests can attain a substantial size. Greater numbers of queens produced in nests may also facilitate a faster rate of population increase in Australia.
Acoustic localisation of frog hosts by blood‐sucking flies Corethrella Coquillet (Diptera: Corethrellidae) in Borneo
Authors: Grafe T Ulmar , Mohd Saat Hamsiah Binti , Hagen Nicole , Kaluza Benjamin , Hj Berudin Zaeidi Bin , Abdul Wahab Mohd Amren Bin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study reports the occurrence of high diversity of novel frog‐biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae) from Brunei Darussalam, Borneo. Flies were found feeding on eight species of frogs from five families. Traps using frog calls as lures were used to capture flies in lowland dipterocarp rainforest and peatswamp forest. We identified 11 different fly morphotypes based on gross external morphology and pigmentation. Recognition tests showed that advertisement calls of three frogs, Rana baramica Boettger (brown marsh frog), R. glandulosa Boulenger (rough‐sided frog), and Megophrys nasuta Schlegel (Bornean horned toad) were sufficient for fly capture. The degree of host specificity using acoustic lures was weak. However, the proportion of different morphotypes caught at the traps broadcasting R. baramica and R. glandulosa calls differed, suggesting that frogs vary in their attractiveness towards frog‐biting midges.
Australian populations of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), are resistant to some insecticides used for their control
Authors: Herron Grant A , James Tanya M , Rophail Jeannette , Mo Jianhua 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOnion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, is a major pest of Australian field onion Allium cepa Linnaeus with their control heavily reliant on a few insecticides. An earlier study after grower complaints of control failures did not detect resistance in three populations. After testing an additional nine populations via a Potter spray tower laboratory bioassay unequally against α‐cypermethrin, diazinon, dimethoate, λ‐cyhalothrin, malathion and methidathion, we document resistance in T. tabaci for the first time in Australia. The maximum difference in response (resistance) for each insecticide was detected by dividing the most resistant LC50 response by the least resistant LC50 response. Comparison of the most susceptible to the least susceptible population tested produced α‐cypermethrin and λ‐cyhalothrin resistance at 164‐ and 606‐fold, respectively. Diazinon and dimethoate resistance was also detected at 27‐fold and 5.2‐fold respectively although omethoate, malathion and methidathion resistance were not detected.
Can the levels of nitric oxide in the urine, serum and tumor tissue be putative markers for bladder cancer?
Authors: KILIÇ SÜLEYMAN , BAYRAKTAR NIHAYET , BEYTUR ALI , ERGIN HÜSEYIN , BAYRAKTAR MEHMET , EǦRI MÜCAHIT 
Published: August 2010

Aim: To determine nitric oxide (NO) levels in serum, urine, tumor tissue and non‐malignant adjacent tissue in bladder cancer patients compared with those in patients with a non‐neoplastic genitourinary disease and to evaluate postoperative serum and urine NO change.Methods: Samples was collected in 20 cancer and 41 control patients. Griess reagent was used for NO measurements.Results: Mean age in the cancer and control groups was 64.2 ± 9.9 and 63.7 ± 8.9 years, respectively. Preoperatively, urinary infection incidence was not statistically different between groups. There were no significant differences in serum, urine and tissue NO levels in patients with and without infection in both groups. Hematuria was found to not affect urine NO level in the cancer group. Urine NO level was significantly higher than in controls preoperatively, decreased significantly following operation and remained stable after the third month. High serum NO values decreased at the early postoperative period; however, they re‐increased in the long‐term. No significant differences were observed in the third month in serum and urine NO levels between the patients with (no. 6) and without (no. 14) residual or relapsing tumor. No statistical difference was observed between NO levels in non‐malignant adjacent and control tissues. However, tumor tissue NO level was significantly higher than those in the other two. There were no statistical differences in the first and third month serum and urine NO levels between patients who underwent bacillus Calmette‐Guérin instillation therapy postoperatively and the patients who took chemotherapy or no further treatment.Conclusions: Both local and generalized host defense mechanisms seem to function in bladder cancer patients. Although further evaluation with a longer observation period and larger numbers of patients is necessary, results suggest that serum and urine NO levels are not putative and useful markers for bladder cancer.
Inhibition of 5‐lipoxygenase pathway suppresses the growth of bladder cancer cells
Authors: HAYASHI TOYOHIDE , NISHIYAMA KENRYU , SHIRAHAMA TSUTOMU 
Published: August 2010

Aim: Many stimuli, including growth factors and cytokines, activate arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic pathways, which are involved in cancer development and progression. We examined the effects of a series of pharmacological inhibitors of AA metabolic enzymes on bladder cancer cells to determine the role of AA pathway in this malignancy.Methods: Human bladder cancer cell lines were treated with various AA metabolic enzymes inhibitors for lipoxygense (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways, and the growth suppression effects were examined. The enzyme expression in cancer cells was examined by immunoblot analyses.Results: A 5‐LOX‐specific inhibitor, AA861, dose‐dependently inhibited the growth of bladder cancer cells. The growth inhibitory effects were greatly abolished by 5‐LOX product, 5‐HETE, but not by other LOX products examined. They were observed in four cancer cells that expressed 5‐LOX, but not in one that did not. Of a series of LOX and COX pathway inhibitors, AA861 was the strongest one to suppress the growth of cancer cells.Conclusions: Bladder cancer cells frequently expressed 5‐LOX. A 5‐LOX‐specific inhibitor, AA861, revealed the strongest growth suppression of those cells compared to other LOX and COX pathway inhibitors, and the growth suppression effects were considered to be due to inhibition of the enzymatic activity. Therefore, 5‐LOX may play a regulatory role in proliferation and/or survival of bladder cancer, and may be a therapeutic target for the disease.
Pathophysiology and subjective symptoms in women with impaired bladder emptying
Authors: GOTOH MOMOKAZU , YOSHIKAWA YOKO , OHSHIMA SHINICHI 
Published: August 2010

Aims: To assess the pathophysiology and subjective symptoms in female patients with impaired bladder emptying.Methods: Eighty‐three consecutive female patients attending a urology clinic with postvoid residual urine of more than 100 mL were recruited. Free uroflowmetry, measurement of postvoid residual urine and pressure‐flow study were performed in all patients. The detailed assessment of subjective symptoms and their bothersomeness to the patients were assessed using a self‐administered questionnaire comprising 12 items: five associated with voiding symptoms, five with storage symptoms, and two with discomfort and pain on voiding. The questionnaire was applied to 83 patients with impaired bladder emptying, 41 patients with urinary incontinence, and 21 normal controls.Results: Although 77% of the patients with impaired bladder emptying consulted a urology clinic because of voiding symptoms, the remaining 23% complained of storage symptoms or symptoms other than lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The pressure‐flow study revealed the pathophysiology of impaired bladder emptying as impaired detrusor contraction in 68 patients (81.9%), and bladder outlet obstruction in 12 patients (14.8%). The assessment of subjective symptoms using the questionnaire revealed that the patients with urinary incontinence showed a high frequency only in storage symptoms; however, those with impaired bladder emptying revealed a high frequency not only in voiding but also in storage symptoms.Conclusions: Female patients with impaired bladder emptying present with a wide range of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with both voiding and storage symptoms. To determine an appropriate treatment modality, the correct diagnosis of the underlying pathophysiology of impaired bladder emptying by pressure‐flow study is of primary importance.
Significant relationship of time‐dependent uroﬂowmetric parameters to lower urinary tract symptoms as measured by the International Prostate Symptom Score
Authors: ITOH HIDEAKI , KOJIMA MUNEKADO , OKIHARA KOJI , UKIMURA OSAMU , USHIJIMA SO , KAWAUCHI AKIHIRO , MIKI TSUNEHARU 
Published: August 2010

Aims: The aim of the present paper is to elucidate the possible involvement of time‐dependent parameters as obtained by uroﬂowmetry in the manifestation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in elderly patients.Methods: Using simple and multiple regression analyses, the correlation of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) with objective parameters including age, postvoid residual, uroﬂowmetry and transrectal ultrasonic measurements of the prostate was analyzed in 206 male patients (average age of 68.0 ± 7.4 years) who visited our outpatient clinic complaining of LUTS.Results: In the 206 patients, the mean maximum ﬂow rate was 12.2 mL/s (13.7 mL/s in mild, 11.9 mL/s in moderate, and 11.2 mL/s in severe IPSS total score) and average ﬂow rate was 4.4 mL/s (5.4 mL/s in mild, 4.3 mL/s in moderate, and 3.5 mL/s in severe IPSS total score). Simple regression analyses demonstrated that age, voiding time, and average and maximum ﬂow rates correlate significantly with symptom scores. In particular, relatively strong relationships were found between average ﬂow rate and scores of intermittency, weak stream and total and voiding symptoms scores. Serum prostate specific antigen level, postvoid residual and prostatic ultrasonic measurements did not show a significant correlation with symptom scores. Multiple regression analyses revealed age and average ﬂow rate to be independent determinants for symptom scores.Conclusion: These results suggest that the time‐dependent function in micturition interferes in the manifestation of LUTS in elderly men who have borderline or pathologic maximum ﬂow rate. When evaluating uroﬂowmetry in elderly male patients with LUTS, attention should be paid to time‐dependent parameters such as voiding time and average ﬂow rate.
Papillary renal cell carcinoma: A clinicopathological study of 35 cases
Authors: YAMANAKA KAZUKI , MIYAKE HIDEAKI , HARA ISAO , INOUE TAKA‐AKI , HANIOKA KEISUKE , FUJISAWA MASATO 
Published: August 2010

Aim: The objective of the present study was to characterize the clinicopathological features of histologically defined papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Methods: The present study included a total of 35 patients who were treated by radical surgery and subsequently diagnosed as having papillary RCC between April 1995 and June 2004. Clinicopathological data of these patients were retrospectively reviewed according to the previously reported classification system (Mod. Pathol. 1997; 10: 537–44).Results: Of these 35 patients, 23 (65.7%) and 12 (34.3%) were diagnosed as type 1 and type 2 papillary RCC, respectively. Despite the lack of significant differences in clinical parameters between these two groups, including age, gender, clinical stage and metastasis, the incidence of symptomatic disease in patients with type 2 papillary RCC was significantly higher than that in those with type 1 papillary RCC. Pathological examinations demonstrated that there were no significant differences between these two groups in pathological stage, tumor grade or vascular invasion. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between these two groups in overall or recurrence‐free survival.Conclusions: Although the present study included a small number of patients with short follow‐up period, the clinicopathological features including prognoses were almost similar between patients with type 1 and type 2 papillary RCC; therefore, careful postoperative follow‐up should be considered for patients with papillary RCC irrespective of morphological subtype.
Transitional cell carcinoma in renal transplant recipients: A single center experience
Authors: Li Xiao‐Bei , Xing Nian‐Zeng , Wang Yong , Hu Xiao‐Peng , Yin Hang , Zhang Xiao‐Dong 
Published: August 2010

Objective: To present a single center experience in managing transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in Chinese renal transplant (RTx) recipients.Methods: In a cohort of 1429 patients who received RTx operation, 27 patients (six males and 21 females) were pathologically diagnosed with TCC in their native urologic system. The data were analyzed retrospectively.Results: The incidence of TCC was 1.89% and accounted for 41.5% of the patients with post‐transplant de novo malignancies among 1429 recipients. Among the 27 recipients with TCC, 77.8% were female, 59.3% had taken a Chinese herb that contains aristolochic acid for at least 2 months before RTx, 51.9% had painless gross hematuria, while 40.7% had microscopic hematuria and/or repeated urologic infection. Two patients were found to have asymptomatic hydronephrosis during a routine check‐up. The patients with upper tract carcinoma underwent simultaneous bilateral nephroureterectomy or unilateral nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff resection. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was carried out in patients with concomitant or solitary superficial bladder lesions. Intravesical chemotherapy was started and immunosuppressants were adjusted in all patients immediately after the surgery. Tumor recurrence in the bladder was noted in five patients. In one patient, residual and/or recurrent carcinoma in the contralateral pelvis was detected.Conclusions: Transitional cell carcinoma is the predominant malignancy in Chinese RTx recipients. Female sex, the Chinese herb containing aristolochic acid and immunosuppression are markedly associated with the development of TCC. Risk‐adapted screening, strict follow up, standard surgical intervention and dose reduction of immunosuppressants are very important for early diagnosis and treatment of TCC.
THE INCIDENCE OF INDUSTRIAL EYE INJURIES IN NEW ZEALAND AND THEIR CAUSES
Authors: Veale John H. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe incidence of industrial eye injuries in New Zealand between 1962 and 1966 from data on Workers' Compensation Claims and records of the National Health Statistics Centre is reported. The causes of these injuries are discussed. A projection to 1975 is made of the incidence of Industrial eye injuries likely to occur in that year.
THE AGEING EYE
Authors: Bailey Ian L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTMost of the changes of vision due to ageing are attributable to changes in the crystalline lens. Hardening of the crystalline lens decreases the eye's ability to focus for near vision and so “reading” or “intermediate” glasses become necessary. Flattening of the crystalline lens causes a hyperopic shift in refractive error in the over 40 age group.Pathological conditions such as cataract, glaucoma and retinal degeneration can impair visual performance. Older persons need stronger and more carefully arranged lighting.