bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA‐21 Expression is regulated by β‐catenin/STAT3 Pathway and Promotes Glioma Cell Invasion by Direct Targeting RECK
Authors: Han Lei , Yue Xiao , Zhou Xuan , Lan Feng‐Ming , You Gan , Zhang Wei , Zhang Kai‐Liang , Zhang Chun‐Zhi , Cheng Jin‐Quan , Yu Shi‐Zhu , Pu Pei‐Yu , Jiang Tao , Kang Chun‐Sheng 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARY AimsMicroRNA‐21 (miR‐21) expression is increased in many types of human malignancy, including glioma. Recent studies report that miR‐21 regulates cell invasion by targeting RECK, however, the underlying transcriptional regulation of miR‐21 in glioma cells remains elusive.ResultsHere, we identify a positive correlation between miR‐21 expression and pathological grade in glioma tissues. We demonstrate that β‐catenin pathway regulates miR‐21 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cell and glioma cells, and that this regulation is signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)‐dependent. Further, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter analysis demonstrate that miR‐21 is controlled by an upstream promoter containing a conserved STAT3 binding site. Notably, knockdown of miR‐21‐inhibited cell invasion by increasing RECK expression and decreased tumor growth in a xenograft model.ConclusionThese data provide compelling evidence that β‐catenin regulation of miR‐21 via STAT3 plays a role in glioma cell invasion and proliferation and indicate that STAT3 is a potential therapeutic target for glioma intervention.
Non-union of Non-operatively Treated Displaced Olecranon Fractures
Authors: Bruinsma Wendy , Lindenhovius Anneluuk , Mckee Michael , Athwal George S. , Ring David 
Published: May 2012

Background With this case series, we report the management of patients who present with non-union after no treatment or intentional non-operative management of a displaced olecranon fracture. We hypothesized that the majority of these patients would be satisfied with their symptoms and function. Methods Ten patients (six women and four men) with a mean age of 59 years (range 21 years to 94 years) presented to one of seven surgeons with non-union of a displaced fracture of the olecranon a mean of 17 months (range 3 months to 7 years) after injury. Results The mean flexion-extension arc at presentation was 117° (range 100° to 135°) with a mean flexion of 137° (range 120° to 150°) and a mean extension of 21° (range 10° to 40°). Forearm rotational arc was a mean of 172° (range 150° to 180°) with a mean pronation of 86° (range 75° to 90°) and a mean supination of 86° (range 75° to 90°). Two patients who had difficulty participating in daily activities because of pain or loss of function requested operative treatment. Eight patients declined operative treatment. Conclusions Patients who present with a non-union after a displaced olecranon fracture managed non-operatively have reasonable elbow function and uncommonly request operative treatment.
Mental health services in the Solomon Islands
Authors: Orotaloa Paul , Blignault Ilse 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe Solomon Islands comprise an archipelago of nearly 1,000 islands and coral atolls and have an estimated population of 549,574 people. Formal mental health services date back to 1950 when an asylum was established. Since then the process of mental health service development has been largely one of incremental change, with a major boost to community services in the last two decades. During the 1990s a mental health outpatient clinic was established in Honiara, together with attempts to recruit nursing staff as psychiatric coordinators in the provinces. In 1996, the Ministry commenced sending registered nurses for psychiatric training in Papua New Guinea. By 2010, there were 13 psychiatric nurses and one psychiatrist, with a second psychiatrist in training. A National Mental Health Policy was drafted in 2009 but is yet to be endorsed by Cabinet. A significant portion of the population still turns to traditional healers or church leaders for purposes of healing, seeking help from Western medicine only after all other alternatives in the community have been exhausted. There is still a long way to go before mental health services are available, affordable and accessible to the whole population, including people living in geographically remote areas. Realization of this vision requires increased resourcing for mental health services; improved communication and collaboration between the centrally‐based, national mental health services and the provincial health services; and closer, ongoing relationships between all stakeholders and partners, both locally and internationally.
Post‐tsunami mental health: A cross‐sectional survey of the predictors of common mental disorders in South India 9–11 months after the 2004 Tsunami
Authors: George Christina , Kanakamma Libu Gnanaseelan , John Jacob , Sunny Ginesh , Cohen Alex , De Silva Mary J 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe Asian earthquake and subsequent tsunami of December 2004, one of the largest natural disasters in history, resulted in the deaths of over 250,000 people and massive destruction in eight countries. The mental health consequences of the disaster remain relatively poorly explored. This study sought to go beyond the dose‐response paradigm to examine the effect of pre‐disaster socio‐cultural variables on common mental disorders (CMD) after the tsunami.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted 9–11 months after the 2004 tsunami in a low‐income setting in South India to assess the association between CMD, disaster‐related losses and pre‐disaster socio‐cultural variables in a convenience adult sample of tsunami survivors.ResultsSixty‐four percent (339) of the 532 individuals sampled and included in the analysis screened positive for CMD. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender, older age, poor quality marital life before the disaster and death of a primary family member due to the tsunami were associated with CMD.DiscussionA large majority of the sample in an area of South India screened positive for CMD 9–11 months after the tsunami. These data served as an impetus in planning a long‐term, five‐year post‐disaster intervention. Accurate longitudinal data about risk and protective factors after a disaster are needed to plan medium‐ and long‐term interventions.
Mental health literacy: A cross‐cultural study from Britain, Hong Kong and Malaysia
Authors: Loo Phik‐Wern , Wong Sharon , Furnham Adrian 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroductionA cross‐cultural study was conducted on the identification of psychiatric problems comparing British, Hong Kong and Malaysian participants.AimsTo investigate the ability to correctly identify different psychiatric problems and recommend strategies for treatment.MethodsA total of 440 participants were shown vignettes of schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), social phobia, depression, bipolar disorder, stress, child attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), child depression and child “daily troubles”. In each they were asked to say what they thought the person's problem was and how they could be helped as well as give their confidence ratings on both judgments.ResultsThe British were the most adept at correctly identifying the cases of mental disorders in the vignettes followed by the Hong Kong Chinese and Malaysians. Overall, the depression cases were the best identified and social phobia was the least identified. In terms of help recommendation, a higher percentage of British participants endorsed professional help as useful for the person in the vignette compared to Hong Kong and Malaysian participants.DiscussionThe findings were discussed along with suggestions on how to improve mental health literacy. The ethnocentric nature of applying Western concepts in the East was acknowledged.
Gefitinib versus erlotinib as salvage treatment for lung adenocarcinoma patients who benefited from the initial gefitinib: A retrospective study
Authors: Yu Shufei , Wang Yan , Li Junling , Hao Xuezhi , Wang Bin , Wang Ziping , Zhang Xiangru , Shi Yuankai 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:  The optimal strategy was not established for patients who initially responded to gefitinib although re‐administration of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been proven to be an option. Gefitinib and erlotinib were compared as salvage treatment after gefitinib failure.Methods:  Thirty‐eight lung adenocarcinoma patients were analyzed retrospectively as they received the second EGFR‐TKIs treatment with either gefitinib or erlotinib. All of them had obtained disease control from initial gefitinib. Sixteen patients received gefitinib (G‐G group) and 22 patients received erlotinib (G‐E group).Results:  Of all patients, progress free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were three and 12 months, respectively, and the disease controlled rate (DCR) of the second EGFR‐TKIs treatment was 52.6%. One patient (6.3%) had partial remission (PR) and 10 (62.5%) had stable disease (SD), in the G‐G group, whereas, three (13.6%) had PR and six (27.2%) had SD, in the G‐E group. There was no statistical significance observed, although the DCR in the G‐G group was higher than that in G‐E group (68.8% vs. 40.8%, P= 0.09). Adverse events of both gefitinib and erlotinib were mild and administered. The median PFS and OS in G‐G and G‐E groups were similar (PFS four vs. three months; OS 22 vs. 12 months). In multivariate analysis, patients with SD in initial gefitinib treatment had significantly longer OS (P= 0.04).Conclusions:  Gefitinib as well as erlotinib could be an option for patients who benefited from prior gefitinib treatment. Patients with SD in initial gefitinib obtained a significantly longer OS than those with PR.
Novel luminescent silica nanoparticles (LSN): p53 gene delivery system in breast cancer in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Rejeeth Chandrababu , Salem Ahmed 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene are one among the most common genetic abnormalities to be described in breast cancer. However, there are a few recant reports on non-viral vector-mediated p53 gene delivery in breast cancer.

Methods
A new formulation of luminescent silica nanoparticles (LSNs) for gene delivery was produced by the two-step method with slight modification.

Key findings
The pp53 plasmid constructs (p53-EGFP)/LSNs complexes were transfected into human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) and transfection efficiency was determined by FACS analysis. The gene expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis respectively. Further the growth inhibition through induced apoptosis with pp53-EGFP/LSNs complex were assessed by trypan blue exclusion assay and annexin V staining, respectively. Interestingly the in vivo biodistribution of plasmid DNA study revealed the occurrence was investigated by PCR and RT-PCR. The transfection efficiency of LSNs showed the highest transfection efficiency among the LSN formulation was higher than that of commercially available Lipofectin®. The LSNs-mediated transfection of the p53 gene resulted in efficient high level of wild-type p53 mRNA and protein expression levels in MCF-7 cells. Selected tissues were analyzed for any potential toxicity by histological analysis the efficient reestablishment of wild-type p53 function in breast cancer cells restored the p53 dependent apoptotic pathway.

Conclusions
Taken together, our results reveal that cationic LSN-mediated p53 gene delivery may have potential application as a non-viral vector-mediated breast cancer gene therapy due to its effective induction of apoptosis and tumor growth inhibition.
Combined effect of sildenafil and guanethidine, propranolol or verapamil on erectile function in rats
Authors: Senbel Amira M , Hashad Ahmed M , Sharabi Fouad M , Daabees Tahia T 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to further elucidate the role of adrenergic transmission in erection and to highlight whether adrenergic transmission in the penis modulates sildenafil's action.

Methods
measurement of intracavernosal pressure in the anesthetized rat model.

Key findings
Guanethidine (3 and 6 mg/kg) potentiated intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP) rises in response to cavernous nerve stimulation by 4.375 ± 0.425 and 18.375 ± 1.085% respectively. Propranolol did the opposite. In presence of guanethidine, sildenafil (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) potentiated ICP/MAP responses by 81.571 ± 4.918%, 147.83 ± 10.864% and 279.285 ± 23.053% at 1 Hz compared to 22.277 ± 2.139%, 123.571 ± 8.443% and 186.25 ± 13.542% respectively in the absence of guanethidine. Propranolol inhibited the effect sildenafil at all frequencies of stimulation. Verapamil exhibited a pro-erectile action and potentiated the effect of sildenafil (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) on erectile responses corresponding to 85.25 ± 6.716%, 146 ± 11.288% and 221.571 ± 19.032% respectively compared to 26.011 ± 1.911%, 87.142 ± 8.73% and 182.2 ± 16.921% in its absence.

Conclusions
This study provides functional evidence that inhibition of sympathetic tone peripherally results in enhancement of erectile function. β-adrenergic receptors seem to play an important role in erection. The combination of sildenafil and guanethidine or verapamil could have a potential advantage on erectile function but propranolol may mask the effect of sildenafil on erectile function.
Estimating diets of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using fatty acid signature analyses; validation with controlled feeding studies
Authors: Budge Suzanne M. , Penney Sarah N. , Lall Santosh P. 
Published: May 2012

Diets incorporating homogeneous binary mixtures of herring or krill oil were fed to Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) for 22 weeks, and belly flap and muscle tissues were then analyzed for fatty acid (FA) composition. Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) was able to estimate proportions of major dietary components within ∼10% of actual values, but the accuracy of the estimates depended on the FA set and calibration coefficients (CC) used in the modelling. FAs present at low levels had little influence on estimates, despite having only dietary sources; the FA set used in the modelling must incorporate the major FAs in tissues to ensure accurate estimates of diet. CC, which reflect modifications that consumers make to dietary FAs, were similar in the two tissues but varied with diet. When CC were applied to correct for fish metabolism, QFASA tended to overestimate the dietary component that had been fed to determine the CC. Diet estimates were most accurate when CC that had been developed from feeding the krill oil-based diet were applied. This first application of QFASA to fish therefore establishes a set of FAs and CC to begin to investigate diets of salmonids.
Assessing brown trout (Salmo trutta) spawning movements with multistate capture–recapture models: a case study in a fully controlled Belgian brook
Authors: Frank Béatrice M. , Gimenez Olivier , Baret Philippe V. 
Published: May 2012

A multistate capture–recapture model was developed to estimate movements of brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) between a main stem and its headwater tributary and their survival and recapture probabilities in each stream. As all individuals entering or leaving the tributary were captured by trapping, the studied ecological system was fully controlled. The performance of multistate models combining two sources of data (trapping and electrofishing) available for 6 years was first evaluated. Realistic estimates were obtained to infer the average spawning behaviour of trout: (i) 58% returned to their original site after spawning, (ii) 9% returned to their natal site for reproduction, (iii) 55% of the ascending individuals performed natal homing. Because less informative systems are pervading, we eventually assessed the sensitivity of multistate models to the level of trapping data integration. A lack of such data led to an underestimation of movement probabilities, and we found that this effect could be compensated by electrofishing samplings.
Forage fish and the factors governing recovery of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) on the eastern Scotian Shelf
Authors: Swain Douglas P. , Mohn Robert K. 
Published: May 2012

The stock of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) on the eastern Scotian Shelf (ESS) collapsed in the early 1990s and showed no sign of recovery during a 15-year fishing moratorium, but has recently increased in abundance. Both the prolonged lack of recovery and the recent improvement have been attributed to changes in the biomass of forage fishes through effects of predation and competition by these fishes on early life stages of cod. An examination of the relationships between forage fish biomass and the population dynamics of ESS cod provided no support for this hypothesis. Contrary to expectations under this hypothesis, cod recruitment rate was unrelated to forage fish biomass. The main factor delaying recovery was high natural mortality (M) of adult cod. The recent improvement in ESS cod is due to the strong 2004 year class and a decline in M. These factors cannot be attributed to an effect of forage fishes. Both the delay in recovery and recent improvement of the ESS cod stock appear to be due to factors other than interactions with forage fishes.
Population density and territory size in juvenile rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss: implications for population regulation
Authors: Wood J.L.A. , Grant J.W.A. , Belanger M.H. 
Published: May 2012

We manipulated population density of juvenile rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) across a range of realistic densities in artificial stream channels, while controlling food abundance in two different ways: in Experiment 1, the total amount of food was held constant over a threefold increase in density, whereas in Experiment 2, the per capita amount of food was held constant over an eightfold increase in density. We tested the contrasting predictions that territory size (i) is not affected by population density; (ii) decreases with population density as 1/n, where n = the local population size; or (iii) decreases with population density but towards an asymptotic minimum size. In Experiment 1, territory size decreased with increasing population density. With the broader range of densities used in Experiment 2, territory size initially decreased with density and then leveled off at a minimum territory radius of 20–30 cm. Our results suggest an asymptotic minimum size of about 0.2 m2for a 5 cm rainbow trout, similar to what is observed for high-density conditions in the wild. This minimum territory size could potentially set an upper limit on local population density and help regulate the population size of stream salmonids.
Venlafaxine enhances the effect of bupropion on extracellular dopamine in rat frontal cortex
Authors: Hudson Alan L. , Lalies Maggie D. , Silverstone Peter 
Published: May 2012

Venlafaxine is recognised as an effective treatment for depression and is known to inhibit the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA). Another antidepressant, bupropion, acts to inhibit dopamine (DA) and NA reuptake and is commonly co-administered with other antidepressants to improve the efficacy of the antidepressant effect. The present study was designed to investigate the acute effect of combining the 2 drugs on extracellular levels of 5-HT, DA, and NA in rat frontal cortex using brain microdialysis, with the drugs being administered by intraperitoneal injection (i.p). Bupropion (10 mg/kg body mass, i.p.) alone had no effect on extracellular 5-HT levels, whereas venlafaxine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) alone significantly elevated extracellular 5-HT over basal values. As expected, bupropion alone elevated extracellular dopamine above basal values at 40 min post-drug administration, and this effect lasted for a further 2 h. Venlafaxine alone did not statistically elevate extracellular dopamine. The co-administration of venlafaxine with bupropion resulted in a dramatic increase in extracellular dopamine, and this effect was significantly greater than that seen with bupropion alone. In the frontal cortex, NA was elevated by bupropion alone and venlafaxine alone, relative to the control animals. The combination of bupropion and venlafaxine resulted in a marked elevation of NA.
The endothelium: influencing vascular smooth muscle in many ways
Authors: Triggle Chris R. , Samuel Samson Mathews , Ravishankar Shalini , Marei Isra , Arunachalam Gnanapragasam , Ding Hong 
Published: May 2012

The endothelium, although only a single layer of cells lining the vascular and lymphatic systems, contributes in multiple ways to vascular homeostasis. Subsequent to the 1980 report by Robert Furchgott and John Zawadzki, there has been a phenomenal increase in our knowledge concerning the signalling molecules and pathways that regulate endothelial – vascular smooth muscle communication. It is now recognised that the endothelium is not only an important source of nitric oxide (NO), but also numerous other signalling molecules, including the putative endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), prostacyclin (PGI2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which have both vasodilator and vasoconstrictor properties. In addition, the endothelium, either via transferred chemical mediators, such as NO and PGI2, and (or) low-resistance electrical coupling through myoendothelial gap junctions, modulates flow-mediated vasodilatation as well as influencing mitogenic activity, platelet aggregation, and neutrophil adhesion. Disruption of endothelial function is an early indicator of the development of vascular disease, and thus an important area for further research and identification of potentially new therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the signalling pathways that regulate endothelial – vascular smooth muscle communication and the mechanisms that initiate endothelial dysfunction, particularly with respect to diabetic vascular disease.
Novel soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor protects mitochondrial function following stress
Authors: Batchu Sri N. , Lee Stephen B. , Samokhvalov Victor , Chaudhary Ketul R. , El-Sikhry Haitham , Weldon Steven M. , Seubert John M. 
Published: May 2012

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are active metabolites of arachidonic acid that are inactivated by soluble epoxide hydrolase enzyme (sEH) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid. EETs are known to render cardioprotection against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury by maintaining mitochondrial function. We investigated the effect of a novel sEH inhibitor (sEHi) in limiting IR injury. Mouse hearts were perfused in Langendorff mode for 40 min and subjected to 20 min of global no-flow ischemia followed by 40 min of reperfusion. Hearts were perfused with 0.0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 µmol·L–1 of the sEHi N-(2-chloro-4-methanesulfonyl-benzyl)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-nicotinamide (BI00611953). Inhibition of sEH by BI00611953 significantly improved postischemic left-ventricular-developed pressure and reduced infarct size following IR compared with control hearts, and similar to hearts perfused with 11,12-EETs (1 µmol·L–1) and sEH–/– mice. Perfusion with the putative EET receptor antagonist 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (14,15-EEZE, 10 µmol·L–1), or the plasma membrane KATP channels (pmKATP) inhibitor (glibenclamide, 10 µmol·L–1) abolished the improved recovery by BI00611953 (1 µmol·L–1). Mechanistic studies in H9c2 cells demonstrated that BI0611953 decreased ROS generation, caspase-3 activity, proteasome activity, increased HIF-1∝ DNA binding, and delayed the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) caused by anoxia–reoxygenation. Together, our data demonstrate that the novel sEHi BI00611953, a nicotinamide-based compound, provides significant cardioprotection against ischemia reperfusion injury.