bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes and consistencies in the epidemiology of pediatric adenotonsillar surgery, 1996–2006
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil , Lin Harrison W. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVEDetermine changes in rates for pediatric adenotonsillar procedures over time with attention to infectious indications.STUDY DESIGNHistorical cohort study.SETTINGAcademic medical center.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery and the National Hospital Discharge Survey 1996 and 2006 releases were examined, extracting all cases of pediatric tonsillectomy, adenotonsillectomy, and adenoidectomy. The aggregate numbers and rates of adenotonsillar procedures performed overall and specifically for chronic infectious etiologies were determined. These procedure rates were then compared to determine differences in performance rates between 1996 and 2006.RESULTSIn 1996, an estimated 441,870 ± 23,315 children underwent some form of adenotonsillar surgery in the ambulatory and inpatient settings (60,034 ± 6994 tonsillectomies, 255,217 ± 18,960 adenotonsillectomies, and 126,619 ± 11,627 adenoidectomies), while in 2006, the total rose to 695,029 ± 36,979 children (58,111 ± 9645 tonsillectomies, 506,778 ± 32,054 adenotonsillectomies, and 129,540 ± 15,714 adenoidectomies). However, when examined according to infectious indications, a notable decline in the population rate of tonsillectomy from 0.62 per 1000 children in 1996 to 0.53 per 1000 in 2006 was found (P = 0.252). Moreover, the larger decline in the rate of adenotonsillectomy for infectious indications from 2.20 per 1000 to 1.46 per 1000 was significant (P = 0.003). There was no significant change adenoidectomy rates for chronic infectious etiologies (0.25 versus 0.21 per 1000, P = 0.326).CONCLUSIONAlthough there was an overall increase in the rate of performance of adenotonsillar surgery, population adjusted performance rates of these procedures specifically for infectious indications declined from 1996 to 2006.
Total parotidectomy defect reconstruction using the buried free flap
Authors: Cannady Steven B. , Seth Rahul , Fritz Michael A. , Alam Daniel S. , Wax Mark K. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE1) Present an alternative method of total parotidectomy with or without neck dissection defect reconstruction that results in improved cosmesis. 2) Describe applications of free tissue transfer in parotidectomy defect reconstruction.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGTwo tertiary‐care medical centers.SUBJECTS AND METHODSA two‐institution retrospective review from 2002 to 2009 was conducted for buried free flaps utilized in reconstruction of defects from total parotidectomy with or without neck dissection. Patients with temporal bone or skin resections were excluded. Demographic information, tumor characteristics, surgical interventions, flap details, and adjunctive facial reconstructive techniques were recorded. Postoperative cosmetic results were evaluated by patient and physician satisfaction.RESULTSEighteen patients with a mean age of 57.4 years underwent flap reconstruction. Total parotidectomy was performed in all cases, 11 cases required facial nerve sacrifice, and 14 cases included neck dissection. The anterolateral thigh flap was the most often utilized free flap. Mean flap area was 65.5 cm2. Adjunctive static facial reanimation was employed in eight patients. All flaps survived. Ten patients underwent adjuvant radiation. Free flap reconstruction resulted in cosmetic patient and surgeon satisfaction, despite adjuvant radiation therapy.CONCLUSIONFree flap reconstruction of total parotidectomy (with or without neck dissection) defects is safe and effective. It does not preclude adjunctive facial reanimation and provides sufficient tissue bulk to match the contralateral facial contour despite radical resections and adjuvant radiation therapy in most cases.
Primary gastrointestinal non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults: a population‐based clinical and histopathologic study
Authors: Hansen P. B. , Vogt K. C. , Skov R. L. , Pedersen‐Bjergaard U. , Jacobsen M. , Ralfkiaer E. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract. Hansen PB, Vogt KC, Skov RL, Pedersen‐Bjergaard U, Jacobsen M, Ralfkiaer E (Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark). Primary gastrointestinal non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults: a population‐based clinical and histopathologic study. J Intern Med 1998; 244: 71–8.ObjectivesTo analyse the clinical course and the histopathology of primary gastrointestinal non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (GI‐NHL) in adult patients and to investigate a possible impact of Helicobacter pylori.Design/settingRetrospective study of all adult patients in Copenhagen county diagnosed during a6‐year period with NHL.SubjectsA total of 55 patients with GI‐NHL diagnosed during the period from 1985 to the end of 1990.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients had primary lymphoma in the stomach, 14 in the small intestine, 11 in the large intestine and two patients had multifocal involvement. The dominant presenting symptoms were abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhoea, constipation and fatigue. Acute emergency problems such as severe haemorrhage or perforation at initial presentation were unusual. According to the revised European‐American lymphoma (REAL) classification, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma was the most frequent histologic subtype comprising 53% of the cases. Helicobacter pylori infection was documented in 15 of 25 evaluable patients (60%) with gastric lymphomas and was not associated with any specific histological subtype. Endoscopic procedures and barium X‐rays were the diagnostic approaches with highest sensitivity. In total, 30 patients (58%) achieved complete remission, 10 (19%) achieved partial remission, and 12 (23%) did not respond to treatment. The overall 5 year survival rate was 0.36 without statistically significant difference between the histological subtypes. Likewise the presence of Helicobacter pylori did not affect survival.ConclusionPrimary GI‐NHL is a heterogeneous disease entity with considerable therapeutic controversies. No specific clinical or histological phenotype was associated with the presence of Helicobacter pylori.
First Report of Neofusicoccum macroclavatum as a Canker Pathogen of Grapevine in New Zealand
Authors: Billones R. G. , Ridgway H. J. , Jones E. E. , Jaspers M. V. 
Published: November 2010

In a 2008 survey, 120 isolates of the Botryosphaeriaceae were recovered from a representative subsample of Vitis vinifera plants and propagation materials collected in nine New Zealand grapevine nurseries. Isolates were identified by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) (1) as Neofusicoccum luteum (56%), N. parvum (18%), N. australe (8%), Diplodia mutila (7%), Botryosphaeria dothidea (5%), D. seriata (3%), and N. ribis (2%). One isolate (M353) from 1 cm below the graft union of a nonsymptomatic 1-year-old grafted plant from the Nelson Region was not identified by ARDRA and was morphologically distinct from all others. Mycelium produced by the novel isolate on potato dextrose agar (PDA) was initially moderately dense, flat, and white and turned olivaceous brown within 10 days. The isolate did not produce pycnidia in PDA or prune extract agar, but when grown in water agar with sterile pine needles for 8 weeks at 25°C and a 12-h light/dark regimen, small, black pycnidia covered with mycelium were produced but no conidia were observed. To identify the novel fungus, genomic DNA was extracted and the ribosomal DNA (rDNA), β-tubulin gene, and elongation factor α-1 gene were amplified and sequenced (4). The sequences of the PCR products were compared with sequences present on GenBank. The rDNA (503 bp), β-tubulin (371 bp), and elongation factor α-1 gene (227 bp) sequences of M353 were 100% identical to reported sequences of N. macroclavatum on GenBank (Accession No. DQ093199/198/196 for rDNA, DQ093207/206 for β-tubulin, and DQ093219/217 for elongation factor α-1). These genes differed from the same genes in other Neofusicoccum species by at least 11, 2, and 3 base pairs, respectively. The N. macroclavatum isolate was tested for pathogenicity on wounded grapevine (Sauvignon blanc) green shoots and 1-year-old rooted canes (n = 4 per plant type) using mycelium plugs from a 4-day-old PDA culture. Sterile agar was used for the negative control. Green shoots inoculated with N. macroclavatum developed brown lesions with an average length of 40.5 mm 6 days after inoculation. Bark from inoculated 1-year-old canes was peeled off 28 days after inoculation and brown-to-black lesions on the wood, with an average length of 52 mm, were observed. Control plants produced no lesions. The pathogen was consistently reisolated from the inoculated plants while none were found in negative control plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. macroclavatum as a pathogen of grapevines and the first report of its presence in New Zealand (3). N. macroclavatum was first reported as a pathogen of Eucalyptus globulus in Western Australia in 2005 and has not been reported as a pathogen of grapevines (2). References: (1) A. Alves et al. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 245:221, 2005. (2) T. T. Burgess et al. Australas. Plant Pathol. 34:557, 2005. (3) J. Sammonds et al. N. Z. Plant Prot. 62:248, 2009. (4) B. Slippers et al. Mycologia 96:83, 2004.
Local Mating, Dispersal and Sex Ratio in a Gregarious Parasitoid Wasp
Authors: Hardy Ian C. W. , Pedersen Jesper B. , Sejr Mikael K. , Linderoth Ulla H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractParasitoid sex ratios can be greatly influenced by mating and dispersal behaviour. Many sex ratio models assume that mating is strictly local (only mated females disperse from the natal patch) and that a single male is sufficient to inseminate all females in a brood. Bethylids (aculeate parasitoids) have been used to test predictions of these models, but less attention has been paid to testing their underlying assumptions. We investigated the timing of eclosion, mating and dispersal in mixed‐sex and single‐sex broods of the bethylid wasp Goniozus nephantidis. In mixed‐sex broods, almost all females mate before dispersal and a single male is sufficient to inseminate virtually all females, even when brood sizes are large. Males disperse from both mixed‐sex and all‐male broods, but males in all‐male broods disperse more slowly. Virgin females disperse from all‐female broods, which are common. Virgin females can produce a brood, mate with their own sons and subsequently produce mixed‐sex broods, but their success rate is very low. Virgin females could potentially circumvent sex allocation constraints by superparasitizing mixed‐sex broods, but when presented with hosts bearing mixed‐sex broods they destroy all members of the initial brood before ovipositing. Because of the high prevalence of single‐sex broods and dispersal of both sexes, the mating structure of G. nephantidis is unlikely to conform to the assumption of strict local mating.
Writing for publication: ensuring you find the right audience for your paper
Authors: Grant Maria J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOften overlooked by prospective authors, one of the keys to successful writing projects is to find the right audience for your writing. Early in the writing process you should identify where you wish to publish. Publications have preferred styles of presentation and, crucially, defined remits so once you’ve identified the place of publication, it should determine how to write and structure your piece. Selecting the right place for your writing can also save you from wasting valuable time in submitting and then having your writing rejected because it didn’t meet a publication’s requirements. The revised and updated aims and scope of the Health Information and Libraries Journal are presented.
The Susceptibility of Dermatophytes to Photodynamic Treatment with Special Focus on Trichophyton rubrum
Authors: Smijs Threes G. M. , Pavel Stan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOwing to the accessibility of skin to light, many applications of photodynamic treatment (PDT) have been developed within dermatology. The recent increase of dermatological antimicrobial PDT investigations is related to the growing problem of bacterial and fungal resistance to antibiotics. This review focuses on the susceptibility of dermatophytic fungi, in particular Trichophyton rubrum, to PDT and shows its potential usefulness in treatment of clinical dermatophytoses. There are no data indicating significant differences in PDT susceptibility between various dermatophytes and it is unlikely that treatment problems of especially T. rubrum with current antimycotics would occur in case of PDT. Red light 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐mediated PDT is after repeated sessions successful in in vivo treatment of onychomycosis (fungal nail infection) caused by various dermatophytes. Regarding skin dermatophytoses, UVA‐1 PDT with cationic porphyrins appears to be safe and efficient. Most effective toward T. rubrum ex vivo is 5,10,15‐tris(4‐methylpyridinium)‐20‐phenyl‐[21H,23H]‐porphine trichloride (Sylsens B) when combined with UVA‐1 radiation or red light; this creates the possibility of efficiently treating nail infections and remaining spores in hair follicles. If the promising in vitro and ex vivo results could be transferred to clinical practice, then PDT has a good prospect to become a worthy alternative to established antifungal drugs.
Protective Efficacy of DNA Vaccines Encoding Outer Membrane Protein A and OmpK36 of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
in Mice
Authors: Kurupati Prathiba , Ramachandran N. P. , Poh Chit Laa 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

The immunogenicity of DNA vaccines expressing outer membrane proteins as antigens was evaluated in this study. DNA vaccines consisting of vector pVAX1 expressing either outer membrane protein A or OmpK36 were injected into mice by either the intradermal or the intramuscular route. Antibodies elicited were shown to be specifically reactive to OmpA and OmpK36 by immunoblotting. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies elicited by both vaccines included IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3. Immunized mice exhibited a predominance of IgG1 over IgG2a, therefore indicating a stronger humoral response. Mice receiving either of the DNA vaccines produced high levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-10 and low levels of gamma interferon, suggesting the induction of a mixed Th1 and Th2 response. Sera from DNA vaccine-immunized mice had significantly higher opsonic activity in opsonophagocytic assays than did sera from the control mice. The level of protection afforded by pOmpK36 DNA injected intradermally into mice was the highest. These results suggest that both OmpA and OmpK36 are excellent candidates for use in future studies of vaccination against infections caused by
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. This is the first study which established the efficacy of protection afforded by DNA vaccines based on outer membrane proteins against
K. pneumoniae
infections.
Neutron scattering study of adsorption in porous MCM-41 silicaSpecial issue on Neutron Scattering in Canada.
Authors: Brown R. J.C. , Evans M. J.B. , Tun Z. 
Published: November 2010

Adsorption of n-pentane on MCM-41 silica has been studied by neutron scattering on both the adsorption and desorption isotherms. Adsorption takes place without hysteresis in either the isotherm or the neutron scattering profile. Adsorption of contrast-matched pentane in porous MCM-41 silica at first increases the intensity of the (10) Bragg peak but reduces the (11) and (20) peaks, and as the pores are filled the intensities of all Bragg peaks are reduced to zero. The SANS background has a 1/Q dependence, typical of a material prepared with templates of one-dimensional character (cylinders). The initial increase of (10) intensity allows estimation of the cylindrical pore diameter to be 37 Å based on the variation of form factor as a function of the cylinder radius.
Associative learning in hatchlings of the lizard Calotes versicolor: taste and colour discrimination
Authors: Shanbhag Bhagyashri , Ammanna Veena , Saidapur Srinivas 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe study examined whether newly born hatchlings of Calotes versicolor discriminate between tastes and exhibit associative learning. The one-day-old hatchlings ate 2nd instar silk-moth larvae (prey) placed in non-painted, orange or green dishes without any bias for the background colour. They ate sucrose coated sweetened prey, but given a choice preferred natural larvae. But they spat bitter tasting chloroquine phosphate (CP)-coated prey and exhibited aversion behaviour. Hatchlings fed on natural larvae from non-painted or orange dishes for 10 days preferred food from the dish to which they were accustomed when choice of both colour backgrounds was given suggesting they also remember different tastes in association with background colour cues. Upon swapping sucrose and CP-coated prey/dish colours the hatchlings were misled and they attempted to eat from the dishes to which they were accustomed prior to the trials regardless of whether food/prey was coated with sucrose or CP. However, bitter prey was immediately spat and aversion behaviour followed. The study shows for the first time, taste discrimination and associative learning behaviour in new-born lizard hatchlings.
Pro-Qajar Elements in Dagestan (Early 19th Century)
Authors: Aytberov Temur , Khapizov Shahban 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIt is known that the Qajars had their supporters in Dagestan during the Russo-Persian Wars in the early 19th century. This fact is well documented in Persian chronicles and royal decrees (firmāns), as well as in the materials from the Russian archives. However, the number of historical documents originating from the region itself is drastically few. This paper presents three letters in Arabic, without dates, but definitely from the same period, illustrating the political situation of the time in the mountains of Dagestan and the geographical extent of the Qajar influence in the area. The letters were discovered recently in the Archives of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Dagestan Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences in Makhachkala. The English translation is accompanied by the facsimile reproduction of the original texts, and commentaries.
Armenian-Turkish Relations in the Framework of Turkish and Armenian Scholarships
Authors: Zekiyan Boghos Levon 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUsually, the Armenian-Turkish relations are taken into consideration as they developed in the most recent and most tragic phase of their history—in the aftermath of 1915, the emblematic year of the Armenian Genocide under the last Ottoman rule. In all this phase those relations were branded by the awful shock of the Genocide. Notwithstanding these tremendous developments of the recent history, one cannot, however, ignore that Turks and Armenians had a long common history for nearly one millennium. It is not the aim of this study to draft a historical outline of the Armenian-Turkish relations. Such a task would require a collection of data and analyses going far beyond the limits of this paper. The author tries to give a more careful insight into the Armenian-Turkish relations, pointing at some of the major obstacles hindering a balanced and critically dialectical approach of them, free from passionate, biased, and stereotyped views and attitudes; the latter, in most cases, being the consequence of the bleeding trauma of the Armenians, and of the self-justificatory strategy of the Turks, which is also the result of a deep trauma even if due to different reasons than that of the Armenians.
“Skulls and bones” new member: Th17
Authors: Sotomayor Eduardo M. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Osteolytic bone disease mediated by osteoclasts occurs adjacent to myeloma cells suggesting a tight interrelationship between these cells and their microenvironment. In this issue of Blood, Noonan and colleagues1 challenge this current paradigm by invoking a role for a subpopulation of T cells known as T-helper 17 (Th17) as a key regulator of bone disease in myeloma.
Harmony versus the OCP: Vowel and Consonant Cooccurrence in the Lexicon
Authors: Walter Mary Ann 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWhile cooccurrence avoidance of similar or identical consonants within lexical items is well-documented, similar investigations of vowel patterns are lacking. Phonetic patterns suggest that an opposite tendency may exist, and lead to observed asymmetries in the phonological patterning of vowels and consonants. The results of corpus studies of lexical vowel cooccurrence in Croatian and Spanish support this conjecture. Cooccurrence avoidance of similar segments is seen in only one of the languages (Spanish), while the other shows the opposite tendency, with similar vowels preferred in close proximity (Croatian). This finding suggests that vowel cooccurrence can be exempt from restrictions shown for consonants, and in at least some cases, subject to the opposite restriction.
Hepatitis C Virus: Propagation, Quantification, and Storage
Authors: Yi MinKyung 
Published: November 2010

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver diseases, including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV is well known for its restricted tropism and it does not replicate well in animal species other than humans and chimpanzees. Since classical in vitro propagation of natural HCV isolates is not possible, a protocol for the rescue of infectious virus from cDNA clones (genotype 1a pH77S and genotype 2a pJFH‐1) transfected as RNA into permissive cells is described here. Because these two molecular clones behave differently in their ability to propagate and produce infectious virus, different methods for propagation of these two viral strains are described. Methods for infectious virus titration, which can be accomplished by counting foci of infected cells following immunostaining for viral antigen expression in cells infected with serial dilutions of a virus harvest (focus forming unit, or FFU, assay), are also provided. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 19:15D.1.1‐15D.1.11. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A High‐Throughput Approach for Studying Virus Replication in Yeast
Authors: Pogany Judit , Panavas Tadas , Serviene Elena , Nawaz‐ul‐Rehman Muhammad Shah , D. Nagy Peter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractViruses are intracellular pathogens that are dependent on viral and host factors for multiplication. Model hosts, such as yeast, can be very valuable in identifying host factors involved in viral replication. Yeast is also useful for studies on functional interactions of host factors with viral proteins and/or virus nucleic acids. The advantages of using yeast include the availability of a single gene–deletion library and the essential gene library (yTHC); the controllable small‐ or large‐scale expression of viral proteins and nucleic acids; and the rapid growth of yeast strains. Procedures that facilitate high‐throughput analysis of host factors and plant and animal RNA virus replication in yeast, with a plant virus (tombusvirus; TBSV) and an animal virus (nodavirus; FHV) as examples, are described. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 19:16J.1.1‐16J.1.15. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Intelligent Wood Assemblies: Incorporating Found Geometry and Natural Material Complexity
Authors: Enns Jonathan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe onset of digital technology has seen the embracing on nonstandard design techniques that use standardised materials, typified by the use of milled plywood. Jonathan Enns describes a project that he has developed at Princeton seeking to harness the irregular and materially complex nature of the innate geometry in timber in such as way as to directly characterise the final design. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.