bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the effect of the vehicle model year on crash and injury involvement
Authors: Cooper P J , Osborn J , Meckle W 
Published: September 2010

The study was designed to investigate the effect of the model year on crashes and injuries, where the latter were of the mild to moderate variety, independent of other driver or vehicle factors and travel exposure. Previous research on vehicle safety design has focused on fatal or serious injuries but, for traffic safety evaluations in smaller jurisdictions and over limited time frames, a more numerous-outcome variable must be used. The study was conducted with over 32 000 driver–vehicle combinations. Binary logistic regression was employed to estimate the effects of the model year ranges on injuries and driving exposure, while controlling the other factors. A salutory effect of increasing the model year on the injury risk was found but this was countered by the increased travel associated with the newer vehicles.
Cardiology: Treatment of Systolic Heart Failure in the Elderly: An Evidence-Based Review
Authors: Arif Sally A , Mergenhagen Karl A , O Diaz Del Carpio Roberto , Ho Christopher 
Published: September 2010

Objective: To review relevant literature supporting the use of β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), diuretics, digoxin, aldosterone antagonists, and vasodilators in the management of heart failure in an elderly patient population aged ≥65 years. Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE searches (January 1960–April 2010) were utilized to identify primary literature using the key terms heart failure, treatment, and elderly. Additionally, reference citations from publications identified were utilized, as well as the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Primary and tertiary literature, including subgroup analyses, published in English and relating to the use of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of systolic heart failure in the elderly was reviewed. Data Synthesis: The aging of the US population is creating a higher prevalence of systolic heart failure in the elderly. Most clinical trials have established the mortality and morbidity benefit of pharmacotherapy in heart failure in nonelderly patients; however, the current ACC/AHA guidelines do not clearly delineate this benefit in persons ≥65 years of age. Conclusions: Clinical trial data, based on limited numbers of individuals aged ≥65 years, suggest that use of β-blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, aldosterone antagonists, and vasodilators (hydralazine/nitrates) have similar mortality benefit to that observed in younger patients. As supported in the ACC/AHA guidelines, these agents should be prescribed with clinical judgment to all elderly patients, with close monitoring for adverse events. Future clinical trials with greater inclusion of patients ≥65 years will help to elucidate the magnitude of benefits of optimal pharmacotherapy on mortality and morbidity rates in this population.
Retrospective Analysis of the Consequences of Acid Suppressive Therapy on Ketoconazole Efficacy in Advanced Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Keisner Sidney V , Shah Sachin R , Jean Gary W , Gressett Ussery Sarah M , Dowell Jonathan E 
Published: September 2010

Background: The area under the curve of a single ketoconazole dose has been shown to decrease significantly when administered with acid suppressive therapy. No published studies have examined the clinical impact of concurrent ketoconazole and acid suppressive therapy in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Objective: To evaluate the effect of acid suppressive therapy on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate in CRPC patients receiving ketoconazole. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated CRPC patients treated with ketoconazole 3 times daily between January 1, 1999, and September 30, 2009. Patients included in the analysis had failed androgen deprivation therapy, and were subsequently initiated on ketoconazole. Response (PSA decline ≥50% maintained ≥4 weeks) was evaluated in patients receiving ketoconazole with (group 1 [G1]) or without (group 2 [G2]) concurrent acid suppressive therapy. Results: Thirty patients (G1: 11 patients; G2: 19 patients) were included in the analysis. Mean age in G1 and G2 was 71.8 and 69.6 years, respectively. Most patients had received prior therapy with an antiandrogen (90.9% G1; 100% G2) and fewer patients received antiandrogen withdrawal therapy (27.3% G1; 21.1% G2). Median baseline PSA was 109.4 (G1) and 86.9 ng/mL (G2) (p = 0.55). Median duration of ketoconazole was 7.2 months in G1 and 5.8 months in G2 (p = 0.09). Ketoconazole adherence was 82% (G1) and 100% (G2). Median duration of concurrent acid suppressive therapy was 3.8 months (range 2.0–20.4) in G1. PSA response (72.7% and 47.4%; p = 0.26) and time to PSA response (1.2 vs 0.9 mo; p = 0.53) were statistically similar between G1 and G2, respectively. Median progression free survival was higher in G1 (11.5 vs 6.9 months in G2; p = 0.047). Conclusions: Use of concurrent acid suppressive therapy and ketoconazole in CRPC patients did not decrease PSA response rate, and progression free survival was unexpectedly higher compared with the non–acid suppressive therapy group. Larger studies are needed to verify the clinical impact of acid suppressive therapy in combination with ketoconazole.
Case Study of Mechanical Control of Condensation in Exterior Walls
Authors: Morgan Christopher M. , McGowan Linda M. , Flick Loren D. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
An electronics manufacturing facility in Colorado was constructed with typical commercial steel framing containing fiberglass batt insulation with foil-facing as the vapor retarder. A large portion of the facility required constant positive space pressurization and an indoor relative humidity (RH) of 48 % RH at 21°C (70°F). Due to a lack of containment of the moist interior air, condensation formed in the exterior walls, in the roofing, on the window and door systems, and on the skylights of the facility, particularly along the north and east elevations of the building, which resulted in significant damage to the wall components and the inability of the HVAC system to remain properly balanced. The as-constructed exterior wall systems were evaluated for performance relative to the existing building mechanical system. It was determined that the as-designed and as-constructed exterior wall assemblies and components could not perform satisfactorily under the necessary indoor environmental requirements. Options were explored to improve the performance of the exterior wall assemblies and related details. Due to a number of constraints, it was decided that constructing new walls inside the as-constructed exterior walls and windows, thereby creating an “interstitial” space to separate the exterior walls from the interior building space for their full height and mechanically supplying warm, dry air to this interstitial space, was the desired method to correct the condensation problems that were occurring. These repairs have proven to be effective. This paper discusses the original design and construction, the method of evaluation of the condensation problems that occurred, and the design and results of the implemented repairs.
Glucocorticoid receptor gene haplotypes are not associated with birth anthropometry, blood pressure, glucose and insulin concentrations, and body composition in subjects born small for gestational age
Authors: Manenschijn L , van den Akker E L T , Ester W A , Leunissen R W J , Willemsen R H , van Rossum E F C , Koper J W , Lamberts S W J , Hokken-Koelega A C S 
Published: September 2010

ObjectiveSmaller size at birth has been associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in adult life. Fetal programing of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis has been suggested as a possible explanation. Fetal glucocorticoid (GC) overexposure has effects that suggest a role of GCs in this programing. The effects of GCs are mediated through the GC receptor (GR or NR3C1). Several functional polymorphisms have been described, which are associated with relative GC resistance or hypersensitivity. Our aim is to compare frequencies of GR haplotypes, characterized by the R23K, N363S, Bcl1, or 9β polymorphisms, in subjects born small for gestational age (SGA) and associate birth anthropometry data, response to GH treatment, blood pressure, glucose and insulin concentrations, and body composition with these haplotypes.DesignIn total, 418 SGA subjects and 697 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.MethodsAnthropometry data were obtained, as well as blood samples to determine fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans were used to measure the amount of fat and lean mass.ResultsNo differences were found between GR haplotype frequencies in SGA children compared with healthy controls. No associations were found between GR haplotypes and birth length and birth weight, growth response during GH treatment, blood pressure, glucose and insulin concentrations, and body composition.ConclusionGR haplotypes and their effect on GC sensitivity do not seem to play a significant role in GH-induced catch-up growth and the risk factors of developing metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in adult life of SGA children.
Reversal of Salt Preference Is Directed by the Insulin/PI3K and Gq/PKC Signaling inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Adachi Takeshi , Kunitomo Hirofumi , Tomioka Masahiro , Ohno Hayao , Okochi Yoshifumi , Mori Ikue , Iino Yuichi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAnimals search for foods and decide their behaviors according to previous experience. Caenorhabditis elegans detects chemicals with a limited number of sensory neurons, allowing us to dissect roles of each neuron for innate and learned behaviors. C. elegans is attracted to salt after exposure to the salt (NaCl) with food. In contrast, it learns to avoid the salt after exposure to the salt without food. In salt-attraction behavior, it is known that the ASE taste sensory neurons (ASEL and ASER) play a major role. However, little is known about mechanisms for learned salt avoidance. Here, through dissecting contributions of ASE neurons for salt chemotaxis, we show that both ASEL and ASER generate salt chemotaxis plasticity. In ASER, we have previously shown that the insulin/PI 3-kinase signaling acts for starvation-induced salt chemotaxis plasticity. This study shows that the PI 3-kinase signaling promotes aversive drive of ASER but not of ASEL. Furthermore, the Gq signaling pathway composed of Gqα EGL-30, diacylglycerol, and nPKC (novel protein kinase C) TTX-4 promotes attractive drive of ASER but not of ASEL. A putative salt receptor GCY-22 guanylyl cyclase is required in ASER for both salt attraction and avoidance. Our results suggest that ASEL and ASER use distinct molecular mechanisms to regulate salt chemotaxis plasticity.
Floral Genetic Architecture: An Examination of QTL Architecture Underlying Floral (Co)Variation Across Environments
Authors: Brock Marcus T , Dechaine Jennifer M , Iniguez-Luy Federico L , Maloof Julin N , Stinchcombe John R , Weinig Cynthia 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Genetic correlations are expected to be high among functionally related traits and lower between groups of traits with distinct functions (e.g., reproductive vs. resource-acquisition traits). Here, we explore the quantitative-genetic and QTL architecture of floral organ sizes, vegetative traits, and life history in a set of Brassica rapa recombinant inbred lines within and across field and greenhouse environments. Floral organ lengths were strongly positively correlated within both environments, and analysis of standardized G-matrices indicates that the structure of genetic correlations is ∼80% conserved across environments. Consistent with these correlations, we detected a total of 19 and 21 additive-effect floral QTL in the field and the greenhouse, respectively, and individual QTL typically affected multiple organ types. Interestingly, QTL × QTL epistasis also appeared to contribute to observed genetic correlations; i.e., interactions between two QTL had similar effects on filament length and two estimates of petal size. Although floral and nonfloral traits are hypothesized to be genetically decoupled, correlations between floral organ size and both vegetative and life-history traits were highly significant in the greenhouse; G-matrices of floral and vegetative traits as well as floral and life-history traits differed across environments. Correspondingly, many QTL (45% of those mapped in the greenhouse) showed environmental interactions, including approximately even numbers of floral and nonfloral QTL. Most instances of QTL × QTL epistasis for floral traits were environment dependent.
The Role of Replication Bypass Pathways in Dicentric Chromosome Formation in Budding Yeast
Authors: Paek Andrew L , Jones Hope , Kaochar Salma , Weinert Ted 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs) are large scale changes to chromosome structure and can lead to human disease. We previously showed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that nearby inverted repeat sequences (∼20–200 bp of homology, separated by ∼1–5 kb) frequently fuse to form unstable dicentric and acentric chromosomes. Here we analyzed inverted repeat fusion in mutants of three sets of genes. First, we show that genes in the error-free postreplication repair (PRR) pathway prevent fusion of inverted repeats, while genes in the translesion branch have no detectable role. Second, we found that siz1 mutants, which are defective for Srs2 recruitment to replication forks, and srs2 mutants had opposite effects on instability. This may reflect separate roles for Srs2 in different phases of the cell cycle. Third, we provide evidence for a faulty template switch model by studying mutants of DNA polymerases; defects in DNA pol delta (lagging strand polymerase) and Mgs1 (a pol delta interacting protein) lead to a defect in fusion events as well as allelic recombination. Pol delta and Mgs1 may collaborate either in strand annealing and/or DNA replication involved in fusion and allelic recombination events. Fourth, by studying genes implicated in suppression of GCRs in other studies, we found that inverted repeat fusion has a profile of genetic regulation distinct from these other major forms of GCR formation.
Effects of Enamel Matrix Derivative on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression and Microvessel Density in Gingival Tissues of Periodontal Pocket: A Comparative Study
Authors: Aspriello Simone Domenico , Zizzi Antonio , Spazzafumo Liana , Rubini Corrado , Lorenzi Teresa , Marzioni Daniela , Bullon Pedro , Piemontese Matteo 
Published: September 2010

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, and correlates with inflammatory resolution and periodontal tissue healing. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) seems to stimulate soft tissue healing. Our aim was to assess if topical EMD application in an instrumented periodontal pocket could affect angiogenesis at the gingival level.Methods: A total of 56 periodontal sites in 28 patients were treated with a single session of comprehensive scaling and root planing under local anesthesia after recording the clinical attachment level (CAL). EMD gel in the test site or only the vehicle propylene glycol alginate in aqueous solution in the control site of the same mouth was applied onto the root surfaces and into the pocket and left in place for 3 minutes. After 48 hours, gingival biopsies were collected for histologic and immunohistochemical analysis for VEGF and CD34 (for microvessel density [MVD] count) antibodies. Statistical comparisons were performed by analysis of variance test.Results: Endothelial VEGF expression and MVD were statistically different in the test site compared to the control site. VEGF expression and MVD of the control site were not correlated with CAL, whereas the test site showed high correlations among CAL and endothelial VEGF or MVD.Conclusions: EMD induces proliferation and viability and angiogenesis of human microvascular cells. Recent clinical and histologic studies found EMD to be useful as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in single‐rooted teeth. Our findings may help to understand the mechanisms involved in soft tissue healing, through the ability of EMD to increase angiogenesis at periodontal pockets.
Fusobacterium nucleatum Binding to Complement Regulatory Protein CD46 Modulates the Expression and Secretion of Cytokines and Matrix Metalloproteinases by Oral Epithelial Cells
Authors: Mahtout Hayette , Chandad Fatiha , Rojo Jose M. , Grenier Daniel 
Published: September 2010

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that results in the destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth. Gingival epithelial cells are an important mechanical barrier and participate in the host inflammatory response to periodontopathogens. The aim of the present study is to investigate the capacity of Fusobacterium nucleatum to bind to the complement regulatory protein CD46 expressed by oral epithelial cells and to determine the impact of the binding on the gene expression and protein secretion of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 by oral epithelial cells.Methods: Binding of recombinant human CD46 to the surface of F. nucleatum was demonstrated by immunologic assays. After stimulation of oral epithelial cells with F. nucleatum, gene expression was determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis while protein secretion was monitored by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.Results: Heat and protease treatments of bacterial cells reduced CD46 binding. F. nucleatum–bound CD46 mediated the cleavage of C3b in the presence of factor I. Stimulating oral epithelial cells with F. nucleatum at a multiplicity of infection of 50 resulted in a significant upregulation of the gene expression and protein secretion of IL‐6, IL‐8, and MMP‐9 by oral epithelial cells. However, pretreating the epithelial cells with an anti‐CD46 polyclonal antibody attenuated the production of IL‐6, IL‐8, and MMP‐9 in response to F. nucleatum. Such an inhibitory effect was not observed with non‐specific antibodies.Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that F. nucleatum can bind the complement regulatory protein CD46. The interaction of F. nucleatum with epithelial cell surface CD46 may contribute to increasing the levels of proinflammatory mediators and MMPs in periodontal sites and consequently modulate tissue destruction.
Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: A Modified Technique to Improve Tendon Transfer Integrity
Authors: Tauber Mark , Moursy Mohamed , Forstner Rosemarie , Koller Heiko , Resch Herbert 
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND:
Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer is a well-established method for the treatment of massive irreparable posterosuperior defects of the rotator cuff. Subsequent rupture of the transferred tendon may contribute to the rate of failure of the index procedure. We hypothesized that modification of our technique of tendon harvesting would lead to greater fixation stability and a reduced failure rate.

METHODS:
Forty-two patients (mean age, fifty-eight years) with a massive irreparable posterosuperior tear of the rotator cuff were managed with a latissimus dorsi tendon transfer. Sharp separation of the latissimus tendon from the humerus was performed in twenty-two patients (Group A), whereas the tendon harvest was carried out with a modified technique that involved removal of some bone along with the tendon at the humeral insertion in a subsequent group of twenty patients (Group B). The mean duration of follow-up was forty-seven months. Outcome measures included the Constant and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores and a patient subjective satisfaction scale. Standard radiographs were made to determine the stage of osteoarthritis and proximal migration of the humeral head, and magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess the integrity of the transferred muscle.

RESULTS:
In Group A, the mean Constant score improved from 43.4 preoperatively to 64.8 points at the time of follow-up and the mean ASES score improved from 49.3 to 69.6 points (p < 0.05). In Group B, the mean Constant score increased from 40.2 to 74.2 points and the mean ASES score, from 47.2 to 77.1 points (p < 0.05). The Constant pain score improved from 5.6 to 11.9 points in Group A and from 5.2 to 13.8 points in Group B. The results in Group B were significantly superior to those in Group A (p < 0.05). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed complete rupture at the tendon insertion with tendon retraction in four patients in Group A and none in Group B. The final outcome was rated as poor in 27% of the patients in Group A and in 10% in Group B.

CONCLUSIONS:
Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer achieves satisfactory clinical results in most patients who have a massive irreparable posterosuperior tear of the rotator cuff. Harvesting the tendon along with a small piece of bone enables direct bone-to-bone transosseous fixation, resulting in better tendon integrity and clinical results.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:
“Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: A Modified Technique to Improve Tendon Transfer Integrity” (2009;91:1924-31).
Relationships of Circulating Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin With Metabolic Traits in Humans
Authors: Peter Andreas , Kantartzis Konstantinos , Machann Jürgen , Schick Fritz , Staiger Harald , Machicao Fausto , Schleicher Erwin , Fritsche Andreas , Häring Hans-Ulrich , Stefan Norbert 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE
Recent data suggested that sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) levels decrease when fat accumulates in the liver and that circulating SHBG may be causally involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in humans. In the present study, we investigated mechanisms by which high SHBG may prevent development to diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Before and during a 9-month lifestyle intervention, total body and visceral fat were precisely measured by magnetic resonance (MR) tomography and liver fat was measured by 1H-MR spectroscopy in 225 subjects. Insulin sensitivity was estimated from a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (ISOGTT) and measured by a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (ISclamp, n = 172). Insulin secretion was measured during the OGTT and an ivGTT (n = 172).

RESULTS
SHBG levels correlated positively with insulin sensitivity (ISOGTT, P = 0.037; ISclamp, P = 0.057), independently of age, sex, and total body fat. In a multivariate model, these relationships were also significant after additional adjustment for levels of the adipokine adiponectin and the hepatokine fetuin-A (ISOGTT, P = 0.0096; ISclamp, P = 0.029). Adjustment of circulating SHBG for liver fat abolished the relationships of SHBG with insulin sensitivity. In contrast, circulating SHBG correlated negatively with fasting glycemia, before (r = −0.17, P = 0.009) and after (r = −0.14, P = 0.04) adjustment for liver fat. No correlation of circulating SHBG with adjusted insulin secretion was observed (OGTT, P = 0.16; ivGTT, P = 0.35). The SNP rs1799941 in SHBG was associated with circulating SHBG (P ≤ 0.025) but not with metabolic characteristics (all P &gt; 0.18).

CONCLUSIONS
Possible mechanisms by which high circulating SHBG prevents the development of type 2 diabetes involve regulation of fasting glycemia but not alteration of insulin secretory function.