bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trust and Early Years Childcare: Parents’ Relationships with Private, State and Third Sector Providers in England
Authors: ROBERTS JONATHAN 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRelationships of trust are central to the provision of public services. There are, however, concerns that public service reform may disrupt established trust relations. One such reform is the provision of services by a mix of organisations from state, for-profit and third sectors. This paper reports upon an empirical study of the trust relationships between parents and diverse organisations providing early years childcare. It considers whether organisational form or sector is perceived to be a significant indicator of trustworthiness or untrustworthiness, and examines organisational behaviours which may support or hinder trusting relationships. The paper reports that a priori signals, such as sector, have little effect on decisions to trust. Instead, parents actively construct trust through observation of and interactions with providers. Attention therefore shifts to trust-producing organisational behaviours, such as transparency, and to trust-reducing behaviours, such as staff turnover. The paper identifies some benefit in provision through an integrated centre, where parents develop trust over time prior to preschool childcare use. Such a process may be particularly helpful to parents who face disadvantage.
Wellbeing and Welfare: A Psychosocial Analysis of Being Well and Doing Well Enough
Authors: TAYLOR DAVID 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWellbeing is increasingly supplanting welfare as a central political goal for social and public policy. In academic social policy, some writers have suggested that a focus on wellbeing allows us to consider a ‘fully rounded humanity’ whereas welfare focuses on economic utility. This article avoids this polarisation and proposes a generative and relational view of wellbeing and welfare as mutually constitutive. It adopts a trans-disciplinary critical psychosocial perspective to reveal highly normative views of wellbeing and agency employed in these political and academic discourses. It proposes a view of agency for wellbeing which is contextual, includes non-rational action and is oriented to being well enough with others. Instead of a concern with outcome measures such as happiness, it proposes a view of wellbeing as a process which varies according to context. Drawing on the notion of ‘thick’ and ‘thin’ needs, the specific content of wellbeing is seen as generated through ‘close’ and ‘distant’ relationships. This approach challenges contemporary policy responses to wellbeing which are individualised and market-led and suggests that a question for social policy is: which relationships and contexts are generative of individual wellbeing and welfare?
Changes in measles seroepidemiology of healthcare workers in southern Taiwan
Authors: HO T. S. , WANG S. M. , WANG L. R. , LIU C. C. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYTo assess the measles seroepidemiology of healthcare workers (HCWs), from 2004 to 2009 all newly recruited staff at a university hospital in Taiwan, were tested for specific immunoglobulin G antibodies for measles virus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A total of 1584 HCWs were included. The positivity rate of measles antibody for physicians and nurses was about 90%. The positivity of measles antibody in different age groups was 78·1%, 93·9% and 94·2% for 20–29, 30–39 and ⩾40 years age groups, respectively. Equivocal results were more frequent in the 20–29 (17·1%) years age group. A lack of antibody against measles was reported for 66 (4·2%) of those tested. Medical student (8·3%) and housekeeping personnel (5·3%) had the greatest lack of antibodies. This study demonstrates the waning measles immunity in younger HCWs in Taiwan, which poses the potential risk of nosocomial transmission of measles. Periodic surveillance and revaccination of susceptible HCWs is recommended.
Global forest carbon sequestration and climate policy design
Authors: ROSE STEVEN K. , SOHNGEN BRENT 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTGlobal forests could play an important role in mitigating climate change. However, there are significant implementation obstacles to accessing the world's forest carbon sequestration potential. The timing of regional participation and eligibility of sequestration activities are issues. The existing forest carbon supply estimates have made optimistic assumptions about immediate, comprehensive, and global access. They have also assumed no interactions between activities and regions, and over time. We use a global forest and land use model to evaluate these assumptions with more realistic forest carbon policy pathways. We find that an afforestation only policy is fundamentally flawed, accelerated deforestation may be unavoidable, and a delayed comprehensive program could reduce, but not eliminate, near-term accelerated deforestation and eventually produce sequestration equivalent to idealized policies – but with a different sequestration mix than previously estimated by others and thereby different forests. We also find that afforestation and avoided deforestation increase the cost of one another.
The Public Face of Chinatown: Actresses, Actors, Playwrights, and Audiences of Chinatown Theaters in San Francisco during the 1920s
Authors: RAO NANCY YUNHWA 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn the twentieth century, elaborate and prosperous Chinatown theaters in New York and San Francisco (from the 1920s to the early 1930s) constituted a golden age of Cantonese opera in the United States, a vivid musical life that has been almost completely expunged from U.S. cultural memory. Seeking a historical narrative for this musical past—preserving those vivid sonorities and glamorous images that “threaten to disappear irretrievably”—entails an examination of the actresses, actors, musicians, and playwrights who enlivened the stages of these opera theaters, as well as the audiences who flocked to see them. In particular, this study sheds light on the significance of the performers named on the daily playbills and pictured in newspapers or on immigration bond papers. The images and sonorities extend beyond the bounds of the theaters to epitomize the Chinese community. The study not only offers a significant window into the interior layers of the music lives of Chinese America, but also reflects on the Chinatown community's sense of its musical and artistic self.
An examination of structural dissociation of the personality and the implications for cognitive behavioural therapy
Authors: Harper Simon 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe aim of this review was to ascertain whether an examination of the theory of structural dissociation of the personality (TSDP) and its treatment may lead to recommendations in the treatment of dissociative identity disorder (DID) and other trauma-related disorders utilizing CBT. An analysis of the neurobiology of trauma will aid this process. The literature review considers a variety of literature on TSDP. Several themes were identified which suggested that dissociation refers to a structural dividedness of the personality and that there is a psychobiological pathway for all trauma-related disorders. Additionally the role of bottom-up vs. top-down processing was explored. Recommendations for the treatment of trauma-related disorders using CBT have been made.
Extending libSedML to support CellML models
Authors: Nickerson David , You Dongxue Amy 
Published: April 2011

AbstractlibSedML is a collection of libraries and tools developed in support of the Simulation Experiment Markup Language ("SED-ML":http://sed-ml.org/). "libSedML":http://libsedml.sourceforge.net/ is implemented in C and provides libraries for processing SED-ML documents and for running the numerical simulations required for the encoded simulation experiment(s). SED-ML supports models encoded in any encoding format, although predominantly expected to be an XML based encoding. To date, however, libSedML has only supported performing simulations using models encoded in the Systems Biology Markup Language ("SBML":http://sbml.org/). The presented project looked at using the "CellML API":http://cellml.org/tools/api to extend libSedML to support simulations using models encoded in CellML.Using the CellML API, command line utility programs were written (in C++) which performed the functions required by libSedML in order to perform numerical simulations of CellML models. Namely, this involved performing the described simulation with the given CellML model and producing the simulation results in a text file. libSedML was then extended to use these command line utilities as required in the performance of the described simulation experiment. A CellML model specific simulation wizard was also added to libSedML.
Systems Biology Graphical Notation: Entity Relationship language Level 1 (Version 1.2)
Authors: Le Novere Nicolas , Demir Emek , Mi Huaiyu , Moodie Stuart , Villeger Alice 
Published: April 2011

AbstractStandard graphical representations have played a crucial role in science and engineering throughout the last century. Without electrical symbolism, it is very likely that our industrial society would not have evolved at the same pace. Similarly, specialised notations such as the Feynmann notation or the process flow diagrams did a lot for the adoption of concepts in their own fields. With the advent of Systems Biology, and more recently of Synthetic Biology, the need for precise and unambiguous descriptions of biochemical interactions has become more pressing. While some ideas have been advanced over the last decade, with a few detailed proposals, no actual community standard has emerged. The Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) is a graphical representation crafted over several years by a community of biochemists, modellers and computer scientists. Three orthogonal and complementary languages have been created, the Process Descriptions, the Entity Relationships and the Activity Flows. Using these three idioms a scientist can represent any network of biochemical interactions, which can then be interpreted in an unambiguous way. The set of symbols used is limited, and the grammar quite simple, to allow its usage in textbooks and its teaching directly in high schools. The current document presents version 1.2 of the first level of the SBGN Entity Relationship language. Shared by the communities of biochemists, genomicians, theoreticians and computational biologists, SBGN languages will foster efficient storage, exchange and reuse of information on signaling pathways, metabolic networks and gene regulatory maps.
Effect of Diet and Exercise, Alone or Combined, on Weight and Body Composition in Overweight‐to‐Obese Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Foster‐Schubert Karen E. , Alfano Catherine M. , Duggan Catherine R. , Xiao Liren , Campbell Kristin L. , Kong Angela , Bain Carolyn E. , Wang Ching‐Yun , Blackburn George L. , McTiernan Anne 
Published: April 2011

Lifestyle interventions for weight loss are the cornerstone of obesity therapy, yet their optimal design is debated. This is particularly true for postmenopausal women; a population with a high prevalence of obesity yet toward whom fewer studies are targeted. We conducted a year‐long, 4‐arm randomized trial among 439 overweight‐to‐obese postmenopausal sedentary women to determine the effects of a calorie‐reduced, low‐fat diet (D), a moderate‐intensity, facility‐based aerobic exercise program (E), or the combination of both interventions (D+E), vs. a no‐lifestyle‐change control (C) on change in body weight and composition. The group‐based dietary intervention had a weight‐reduction goal of ≥10%, and the exercise intervention consisted of a gradual escalation to 45‐min aerobic exercise 5 day/week. Participants were predominantly non‐Hispanic whites (85%) with a mean age of 58.0 ± 5.0 years, a mean BMI of 30.9 ± 4.0 kg/m2 and an average of 47.8 ± 4.4% body fat. Baseline and 12‐month weight and adiposity measures were obtained by staff blinded to participants' intervention assignment. Three hundred and ninety nine women completed the trial (91% retention). Using an intention‐to‐treat analysis, average weight loss at 12 months was −8.5% for the D group (P < 0.0001 vs. C), −2.4% for the E group (P = 0.03 vs. C), and −10.8% for the D+E group (P < 0.0001 vs. C), whereas the C group experienced a nonsignificant −0.8% decrease. BMI, waist circumference, and % body fat were also similarly reduced. Among postmenopausal women, lifestyle‐change involving diet, exercise, or both combined over 1 year improves body weight and adiposity, with the greatest change arising from the combined intervention.
The Stoicism of the Ideal Orator: Cicero's Hellenistic Ideal
Authors: Inabinet Brandon 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThis reading of De Oratore uses Stoic philosophy and rhetoric to trace out a complex Ciceronian theory of rhetoric. Cicero rejected Stoic style, labeling it as meager and unpersuasive. However, he coalesced Stoic philosophy with Greek rhetoric to produce his ideal orator. Cicero described eloquentia as natural public speech that was distinctive to every person, yet he also explained how eloquence, like wisdom, unified aspects of the entire universe. Through these connections, Stoic influences enabled Cicero to negotiate major questions concerning rhetoric, such as the emotional control of the orator, the virtue of eloquence, and the status of rhetoric as an art. Cicero's negotiation is productive of a theory of rhetoric that is useful today, especially as it holds speech and public action as important and fundamental acts of human individuality.
The Stoic Nature of Early Dramatistic Theory
Authors: Kennerly Michele 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
As Cicero details in his De Officiis (On Duties), Stoic ethical theory proceeds from a poetics of virtue according to which people act dutifully by performing the roles (personae) in which nature has cast them. Stoicism's dramatistic conception of duty fits within the theatrical dynamics of ancient rhetorical practice, theory, and pedagogy and is a noteworthy precursor to persona theory in contemporary rhetorical studies. Furthermore, the centrality of decorum to Stoic personae theory gives it a poignant rhetorical quality, especially given the circumstances during which Cicero introduced it to Roman readers.
Toward a Rhetorical Cosmopolitanism: Stoics, Kant, and the Challenges of European Integration
Authors: Beasley Von Burg Alessandra 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIn this article, I present a mode of cosmopolitanism that builds on Stoic and Kantian views toward not just rational cosmopolitan agents but rhetorical ones. I outline a new rhetorical approach to cosmopolitanism that addresses the challenge of “otherness.” This rhetorical cosmopolitanism focuses on the conditions for deliberative and participatory practices that bring us before others; it seeks to help us recognize that the way we develop actual—and not just abstract—political relationships to others is fundamentally rhetorical, not just rational or emotional. I explore the debates over the inclusion of minorities in the European Union, particularly focusing on the Muslim population, in order to outline a rhetorical cosmopolitanism that accounts for the place of emotions in discourses of citizenship.
Age moderates non‐genetic influences on the initiation of cannabis use: a twin‐sibling study in Dutch adolescents and young adults
Authors: Distel Marijn A. , Vink Jacqueline M. , Bartels Meike , van Beijsterveldt Catharina E. M. , Neale Michael C. , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTAims  To examine the heritability of cannabis initiation, the influence of a possible twin‐specific environment and the influence of age on the effects of genes and environment in Dutch adolescents and young adults.Design  Genetic structural equation modelling was used to partition the variance in the liability to cannabis initiation into genetic and environmental components.Setting  All participants were registered with the Netherlands Twin Register.Participants  A total of 6208 twins (age 13–20) and 1545 siblings (age 11–25) from 3503 families participated in this study.Measurements  Self‐reported cannabis use was assessed prospectively with the Dutch Health Behavior Questionnaire.Findings  At the median age of the sample (16.5), genetic factors explained 40% of the individual differences in liability to cannabis initiation. Twins resembled each other more than non‐twin siblings, which could not be attributed to the age difference between non‐twin siblings. Environmental influences increased with age. This increase applied to environmental factors shared by twins (47% of the variance), environmental factors shared by twins and siblings (24%) and environmental factors unique to an individual (13%).Conclusion  The heritability of the liability for cannabis initiation is higher in adolescents than in young adults due to a larger contribution of environmental factors in young adults. This is due mainly to environmental factors only shared by twins and those shared by all offspring growing up in the same family, but the contribution of environmental factors specific to individuals is also larger in young adults.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of behavioural smoking cessation interventions in selected disadvantaged groups
Authors: Bryant Jamie , Bonevski Billie , Paul Chris , McElduff Patrick , Attia John 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTAims  A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the methodological quality and effectiveness of behavioural smoking cessation interventions targeted at six disadvantaged groups; the homeless, prisoners, indigenous populations, at‐risk youth, individuals with low socio‐economic status and individuals with a mental illness.Methods  Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and PsycInfo databases were searched using MeSH and keywords for studies conducted in developed countries prior to October 2010. Included studies were assessed for methodological quality. A DerSimonian and Laird random effects meta‐analysis was conducted where possible to explore the effectiveness of interventions for the different subgroups. A narrative review was conducted for studies unable to be included in the meta‐analysis. Outcomes examined were abstinence rates at short‐term (up to 3 months) and long‐term (6 months or the longest) follow‐up.Results  Thirty‐two relevant studies were identified. The majority (n = 20) were rated low in methodological quality. Results of the meta‐analysis showed a significant increase in cessation for behavioural support interventions targeted at low‐income female smokers at short‐term follow‐up [relative risk (RR) 1.68, confidence interval (CI) 1.21–2.33], and behavioural support interventions targeted at individuals with a mental illness at long‐term follow‐up (RR 1.35, CI 1.01–1.81). Results of the narrative review showed several promising interventions that increased cessation rates at 6‐month or longer follow‐up.Conclusions  Few well‐controlled trials have examined the most effective smoking cessation strategies for highly disadvantaged groups, especially among the homeless, indigenous smokers and prisoners. The use of behavioural smoking cessation interventions for some socially disadvantaged groups appears promising; however, overall findings are inconsistent. Further research is needed to establish the most effective interventions for vulnerable high‐risk groups. Special attention should be given to increasing sample size and power, and to sound evaluation methodology to overcome methodological limitations of conducting research with these high‐risk groups.
Biomarkers of therapy responsiveness in asthma: pitfalls and promises
Authors: Vijverberg S. J. H. , Koenderman L. , Koster E. S. , van der Ent C. K. , Raaijmakers J. A. M. , Maitland‐van der Zee A.‐H. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryAsthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. There is a large inter‐individual variability in response to asthma treatment. Most patients respond well to standard therapy; however, a small proportion of the patients remain symptomatic despite treatment with high dosages of corticosteroids. Uncontrolled asthma leads to a decreased quality of life. Therefore, it is important to identify individuals who will respond poorly to standard asthma medication, especially to standard maintenance therapy with inhaled corticosteroids, at an early stage. Response to anti‐inflammatory therapy is generally monitored by the assessment of clinical symptoms, which only partially correlates with underlying airway inflammation. The identification of specific inflammatory biomarkers might help to guide treatment or predict a corticosteroid response more accurately. Some inflammatory biomarkers are already finding their way into clinical practice (e.g. fraction of nitric oxide in exhaled breath), whereas others are predominantly used as a research tool (e.g. profiles of volatile organic compounds). Currently, there is no inflammatory biomarker used in routine clinical practice to predict a corticosteroid response. More knowledge on the underlying biological mechanism(s) of heterogeneous therapeutic responses could help to identify novel biomarkers. This review will focus on inflammatory patterns and genetic variations that may underlie differences in treatment response in patients with asthma, and will provide an overview of inflammatory biomarkers that could potentially serve as response predictors. Cite this as: S. J. H. Vijverberg, L. Koenderman, E. S. Koster, C. K. van der Ent, J. A. M. Raaijmakers and A.‐H. Maitland‐van der Zee, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 615–629.
A longitudinal study of resolution of allergy to well‐cooked and uncooked egg
Authors: Clark A. , Islam S. , King Y. , Deighton J. , Szun S. , Anagnostou K. , Ewan P. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryBackground
Egg allergy is common and although resolution to uncooked egg has been demonstrated, there is lack of evidence to guide reintroduction of well‐cooked egg.Objectives
To examine the rate of resolution to well‐cooked, compared with uncooked egg in children, and safety of egg challenges.Method
A longitudinal study of egg‐allergic children from 2004 to 2010, who underwent challenge with well‐cooked and if negative, uncooked egg. Participants underwent repeat annual challenges and egg‐specific IgE measurement.Results
One hundred and eighty‐one open egg challenges were performed in 95 children whose median age of allergy onset was 12 months. Fifty‐three of 95 (56%) had at least one annual repeat challenge. Pre‐study historical reactions occurred to baked egg in five (5%), lightly cooked in 58 (61%) and uncooked in nine (9%); respiratory reactions occurred in 11 (12%) and seven (7%) had anaphylaxis; adrenaline was used during five reactions. There were 77 well‐cooked and 104 uncooked egg challenges. Tolerance was gained twice as rapidly to well‐cooked than uncooked egg (median 5.6 vs. 10.3 years; P<0.0001) and continued to 13 years; hazard ratio 2.23 (95% confidence interval 1.6–3.9). Nearly 1/3 had resolved allergy to well‐cooked egg at 3 years and 2/3 at 6 years. Of 28/77 (37%) positive well‐cooked egg challenges, 65% had cutaneous symptoms, 68% gastrointestinal and 39% rhinitis, with no other respiratory reactions. Adrenaline was not required.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Resolution of egg allergy takes place over many years, with children outgrowing allergy to well‐cooked egg approximately twice as quickly as they outgrow allergy to uncooked egg. There were no severe reactions to well‐cooked egg challenge, and adrenaline was not required. Our data support initiation of home reintroduction of well‐cooked egg from 2 to 3 years of age in children with previous mild reactions and no asthma. Resolution continues to occur in older children, so that despite an earlier positive challenge, attempts at reintroduction should be continued. Cite this as: A. Clark, S. Islam, Y. King, J. Deighton, S. Szun, K. Anagnostou and P. Ewan, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 706–712.