bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of 342 oral keratotic white lesions induced by qat chewing among 2500 Yemeni
Authors: Ali Aiman A. , Al‐Sharabi Ali K. , Aguirre José M. , Nahas R. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Qat chewing is a common habit in Yemen. Various studies demonstrated clear effects of this habit on the systemic organs of the human body. The lack of studies, however, on the effects of this habit on oral mucosa was the major motive of this study.Methods:  This cross‐sectional study was made on 2500 Yemeni citizens (mean age 27 years, 1818 males and 682 females). Clinical protocol was made for all cases with a full intraoral examination. A new grading system was applied for each case with oral white lesion.Results:  Of our sample, 1528 cases (61.12%) were qat chewers; of them, 342 cases (22.4%) had oral keratotic white lesions at the site of qat chewing, while only 6 (0.6%) non‐chewer cases had white lesions in their oral cavity (P < 0.000000, Odds ratio = 46.43, RR = 36.26). According to our grading system; 14, 5.9 and 2.4% were grade I, II and III.Conclusions:  We conclude that qat chewing can provoke the development of oral keratotic white lesions at the site of chewing. The prevalence of these lesions and its severity increase as duration and frequency increase.
Tenascin and fibronectin expression in odontogenic cysts
Authors: De Oliveira Marcílio Dias Chaves , De Miranda João Luiz , De Amorim Rivadávio Fernandes Batista , De Souza Lélia Batista , De Almeida Freitas Roseana 
Published: August 2010

Background: Odontogenic cysts (OCs) present distinct evolution and clinical behavior. This study was performed in order to investigate if some components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) may drive these differences.Methods: Thirty OCs were selected: 10 radicular cysts (RCs), 10 dentigerous cysts (DCs), 10 non‐syndrome odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) and they were immunohistochemically analyzed to verify the expression pattern of tenascin and fibronectin.Results: Tenascin immunostaining was mainly intense as a thick band deep to the epithelial‐mesenchymal interface in both RCs and OKCs. The intense tenascin immunoexpression observed in the RCs was usually associated with inflammation. An intense fibronectin reactivity was observed in the basement membrane region and at the cystic wall of OKCs.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate differences between the expression of ECM proteins in the OCs studied. The higher tenascin and fibronectin expression in the capsule of OKCs suggests marked instability in the cystic structure and may contribute to its aggressive behavior.
Clinicopathological characteristics of tongue piercing: an experimental study
Authors: López Jornet P. , Vicente Ortega V. , Yáñez Gascón J. , Cozar Hidalgo A. , Pérez Lajarín L. , García Ballesta C. , Alcaraz Baños M. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  This study attempts to remedy the situation that no morphological studies exit of tongue piercing.Methods:  The tongues of eight Beagles were pierced with titanium implants. The animals were then divided into four groups: 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months for clinical‐photographic and histopathological studies.Results:  Group I: clinically, erythema at both orifices and, microscopically, granulation tissue covering the surface of the canal and infiltrates of polynuclear neutrophils. Group II: persistence of erythema and of the granulation tissue, with the edges of the epithelium showing signs of regeneration. Group III: granulation tissue alternating with fibrosis; epithelium covering the sides of the canal. Group IV: fibrosis substituting the granulation tissue and almost complete re‐epithelialization of the canal. All groups, except group I, numerous foreign body‐type granulomas.Conclusions:  Tongue piercing provokes fibrous reparation with almost total re‐epithelialization of the perforated zone and foreign body‐like granulomatous inflammation.
Influence of altered occlusal plane on rabbit temporomandibular joint cartilage
Authors: Yoshikawa Sakiko , Nodai Etsuo , Habu Manabu , Furuta Norihiko , Fukuda Jinichi , Yamaguchi Kazunori 
Published: August 2010

Background:  There is limited knowledge relating to the influence of mechanical stress on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the degree of damage this stress can induce in the case of an altered occlusal plane on the extracellular matrix cartilage and chondrocytes. The aim of this study was to examine the histopathological influence of an altered occlusal plane on rabbit TMJ cartilage.Methods:  Fifteen male Japanese white rabbits were used in this study. In 12 cases, the upper right and lower left teeth were ground to their cervical level so that the occlusal plane was tilted right side up. Their temporomandibular joints (TMJs) harvested at 3 days, 1, 2 and 4 weeks were analyzed immunocytochemically and immunohistochemically. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick endlabeling (TUNEL) method was used for immunocytochemical study to detect DNA fragmentation in chondrocytes. An immunohistochemical study was also performed to evaluate the metabolism of type 2 collagen in the extracellular matrix in the TMJ cartilage.Results:  The number of apoptotic cells increased in all experimental animals. More apoptotic cells were observed in the articular eminences than in the condyles. The type 2 collagen‐positive area in the condyles was reduced at the beginning but recovered within 4 weeks, and remained small throughout this experimental period in the articular eminences.Conclusions:  These findings suggest that histopathological changes occurred in response to alteration of the occlusal plane. The influence decreased as the occlusal plane recovered in the condyles, but the immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical influence continued in the articular eminences.
Perivascular myoid tumors of the oral region: a clinicopathologic re‐evaluation of 35 cases
Authors: Ide F. , Mishima K. , Yamada H. , Saito I. , Horie N. , Shimoyama T. , Kusama K. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Myopericytoma (MPC) is a generic denomination to describe tumors showing differentiation toward perivascular myoid cells /myopericytes. It has been suggested that MPC forms a morphologic continuum with glomus tumor (GT), solitary myofibroma (SMF), and angioleiomyoma (ALM). This proposed relationship has not yet been assessed in the oral region.Methods:  We reviewed our 28‐year experience with 35 oral tumors, originally diagnosed as ALM (n = 28), SMF (n = 4), GT (n = 2), and MPC (n = 1) to analyze their overlapping microscopic features, with the assistance of immunohistochemistry.Results:  Myopericytoma showed a wide range of growth patterns; concentric perivascular whorls, hemangiopericytomatous areas, glomangiopericytoma (GPC)‐type vessels and leiomyomatous foci. Intravascular growth was also seen. Among 28 cases studied, three ALM were reclassified as MPC (n = 2) and SMF (n = 1), based on the present diagnostic criteria. Additional MPC‐type components, at varying degrees, were similarly found in four ALM and three SMF, at least focally. One GT featured intravascular whorls of spindle cells. These four interrelated groups of tumors had in common GPC‐type vasculature and intraluminal cellular proliferation was nearly ubiquitously present. Diffuse immunoreactivity for α‐smooth muscle actin and less staining intensity of muscle‐specific actin were observed in all tumors. Only ALM displayed desmin positivity of variable extent. Neither case tested expressed CD34.Conclusions:  Our data matches with the recent results in extraoral sites that MPC, GT, SMF, and ALM exhibit histologic and immunohistochemical overlap with each other. A common perivascular myoid differentiation between these tumor types is further reinforced by the present oral series.
High interstitial fluid pressure in rat tongue cancer is related to increased lymph vessel area, tumor size, invasiveness and decreased body weight
Authors: Raju Bina , Haug Sivakami Rethnam , Ibrahim Salah Osman , Heyeraas Karin Johanne 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in most tumors is high, and this high pressure has been correlated with poor prognosis. Measurements of IFP in normal tongue and in tongue cancer are lacking. Recent research suggests the existence of a relationship between increased peritumoral lymph vessels (PTLV) and survival, and a correlation of increased lymphatic vessel density with an unfavorable prognosis has been reported.Materials and methods:  In the present study, tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was induced by adding the carcinogen 4‐nitroquinoline oxide in drinking water for 19 weeks. The IFP was measured by micropuncture and immunohistochemistry was used to visualize lymph vessels.Results:  In normal tongue, IFP averaged 3.1 ± 0.3 mmHg. The IFP, both in the tumor (29.1 ± 2.9 mmHg) and 0.5 cm anterior to it (15.4 ± 2.1 mmHg) was consistently increased (P < 0.005) with values ranging from 10 to 40 mmHg. The highest IFP values were measured in rats with large tumors (P < 0.05) and low body weight (P < 0.001), suggesting that IFP increases with cancer progression. Lymphatic vessel area (%), as determined with the lymphatic specific marker LYVE‐1 antibody, was significantly increased in the peritumoral area when compared to intratumoral and control mucosa (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between IFP, PTLV area, tumor size and invasiveness.Conclusions:  Our data show that IFP is increased in tongue cancer. Corresponding changes in PTLV area, invasiveness, tumor area and IFP suggest that the increased pressure is caused by defective lymph drainage and solid stress generated by tumor cells growing in a low compliant environment.
Comparative analysis of c‐erbB‐2 (HER‐2/neu) in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: does over‐expression exist? And what is its correlation with traditional diagnostic parameters?
Authors: Angiero Francesca , Sordo Rachele Del , Dessy Enrico , Rossi Elisa , Berenzi Angiola , Stefani Michele , Sidoni Angelo 
Published: August 2010

Objectives:  Over‐expression of the proto‐oncogene c‐erbB‐2 (HER‐2/neu) has been shown to be a prognostic marker in many kinds of cancer, whereas conflicting data exist about the prevalence of HER‐2/neu over‐expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue. The status of Her‐2/neu was evaluated in a series of SCC of the tongue to verify the frequency of over‐expression of HER‐2/neu and evaluate the correlation with traditional diagnostic parameters of this neoplasm.Method:  Fourty patients with SCC of the tongue were investigated for over‐expression of the protein through immunohistochemistry using CB11 antibody, the Hercep Test® kit and FISH.Results:  Data obtained using the Hercep Test® differ from published reports concerning the over‐expression of Her‐2/neu and there was no correlation between levels of expression of Her‐2/neu and other clinico‐pathological and/or prognostic parameters. Of the 40 specimens, using CB11 we obtained results in line with published reports; however, with the Hercep Test® we found only 1 positive case (2.5%) (score 3+).Conclusion:  These data, confirmed by FISH, suggest that Her‐2/neu is not a suitable marker that could play a primary role in the clinical‐therapeutic management of SCC of the tongue.
P21/ WAF1 and cyclin D1 variants and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gomes Carolina C. , Drummond Sergio N. , Guimarães André L. S. , Andrade Carlos I. , Mesquita Ricardo A. , Gomez Ricardo S. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Genetic factors are known to be involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development.Method:  We evaluated a possible association between CCND1 A870G and P21/WAF1 C98A polymorphisms and OSCC, as well as the impact of the genotypes on protein immunoexpression. The study group consisted of 80 individuals with histopathological diagnosis of OSCC and the control group consisted of 80 healthy individuals without oral lesions and matched by age, sex and tobacco usage. The genotypes were studied by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphic analysis. Paraffin‐embedded sections were used for immunohistochemical analysis.Results:  No statistical association between CCND1 and/or P21/WAF1 genotypes and OSCC was demonstrated, although we found that people harbouring the combined presence of at least one variant allele of both genes showed a 1.8 times more chance of developing OSCC compared to the referent genotype. OSCC tumours from individuals with P21 heterozygous genotype showed a significantly higher immunopositivity than tumours from wild‐type individuals.Conclusion:  The present study did not demonstrate a significant association between CCND1 and / or P21 / WAF1 genotypes and OSCC. However, P21 protein expression in OSCC tumours is affected by P21 / WAF1 genotype.
Demonstration of ethanol‐induced protein adducts in oral leukoplakia (pre‐cancer) and cancer
Authors: Warnakulasuriya Saman , Parkkila Seppo , Nagao Toru , Preedy Victor R. , Pasanen Markku , Koivisto Heidi , Niemelä Onni 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Excessive alcohol consumption is a common cause for upper gastrointestinal tract cancers. However, the primary mechanisms of alcohol‐induced carcinogenesis have remained poorly defined.Method:  We examined the generation and subcellular distribution of protein adducts with acetaldehyde (AA), the first metabolite of ethanol, and end products of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4‐hydroxynonenal (HNE), from oral biopsy specimens obtained from 36 subjects (11 British, 25 Japanese) reporting alcohol misuse. All patients had been diagnosed with oral pre‐cancer (leukoplakia, n = 7) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; n = 29). Automated immunostaining for AA, MDA and HNE adducts was performed using monospecific antibodies.Results:  Positive staining for AA, MDA and HNE adducts was observed in the dysplastic or malignant epithelial cells, HNE being relatively the most abundant adduct species. The subgroup of Japanese patients had higher levels of AA and MDA, although not HNE, than the British sample. When the material was divided to those with SCC or leukoplakia, MDA adducts but not the other antigens were more prominent in the former group. Significant correlations were found between the different adducts (AA vs. MDA, r = 0.68, P < 0.001; AA vs. HNE, r = 0.47, P < 0.01 and MDA vs. HNE, r = 0.59, P < 0.001). In addition, cytochrome P450 2E1 staining was found in these samples, correlating with both AA and MDA adducts.Conclusion:  The data indicates that AA‐ and lipid peroxidation‐derived adducts are formed in oral tissues of alcohol misusers with oral leukoplakia and cancer. The findings also support a pathogenic role of AA and excessive oxidative stress in carcinogenesis.
Ameloblastoma, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, and glandular odontogenic cyst show a distinctive immunophenotype with some myoepithelial antigen expression
Authors: Gratzinger Dita , Salama Mohamed E. , Poh Catherine F. , Rouse Robert V. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Odontogenic neoplasms have some morphologic overlap with salivary gland neoplasms, many of which show myoepithelial differentiation. In the 1980s, an ultrastructural study identified a population of myoepithelial‐like cells in calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor. Myoepithelial derived tumors have since been shown to have distinct immunohistochemical profiles.Methods:  We examined a series of odontogenic neoplasms, including 11 ameloblastomas, four calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors, five glandular odontogenic cysts (GOCs), and five keratocystic odontogenic tumors with a panel of myoepithelial‐associated immunohistochemical stains. We also assessed representative control examples of oral mucosa, odontogenic rests, and dentigerous cysts.Results:  All of the neoplastic and non‐neoplastic oral epithelium‐derived entities share a p63‐positive, high molecular weight cytokeratin (CK5/6)‐positive immunophenotype. Calponin reactivity was at least focally present in two of four calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors, three of five GOCs, and 10 of 11 ameloblastomas; the sole completely non‐reactive ameloblastoma represents a lung metastasis. One case of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor was focally positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. However, other more definitive markers of myoepithelial differentiation, including S‐100 and smooth muscle actin, were negative. Two of three calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors and five of five GOCs were also positive for a low molecular weight cytokeratin (CK7).Conclusions:  Ameloblastomas, GOCs, and calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors show a distinctive immunophenotype which overlaps with that of myoepithelial‐derived salivary gland neoplasms but does not provide definitive support for myoepithelial differentiation.
Perlecan‐rich epithelial linings as a background of proliferative potentials of keratocystic odontogenic tumor
Authors: Tsuneki Masayuki , Cheng Jun , Maruyama Satoshi , Ida‐Yonemochi Hiroko , Nakajima Motowo , Saku Takashi 
Published: August 2010

Background:  The intraepithelial deposit of perlecan, a basement membrane‐type heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan, has been demonstrated in neoplastic conditions such as salivary gland tumors, odontogenic tumors, and oral carcinoma in situ. Our aim was to determine whether perlecan turnover was enhanced in the lining cells of keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), which had been recently renamed from odontogenic keratocyst because of its accumulated evidence of neoplasm, as a possible background for neoplastic proliferation.Methods:  Ten surgical specimens from each of KCOT, dentigerous cyst, and radicular cyst were examined for the expressions of perlecan core protein, HS chains, heparanase, and Ki‐67 by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.Results:  In KCOT, perlecan core protein and HS chains were localized on the cell border from the parabasal to subkeratinized layers of the lining epithelium. Heparanase was localized in a similar fashion to those for perlecan and HS chains but was within the cytoplasm. mRNA signals for perlecan core protein and heparanase were mostly compatible with their protein signals. Ki‐67‐positive cells were localized mainly in the second basal cell layers with definitely higher labeling indices (approximately 31.3%, second layer). In contrast to KCOT, dentigerous cysts and radicular cysts had no perlecan, HS chains, and heparanase deposition in their linings with extremely lower Ki‐67 indices (0.4–0.8%).Conclusion:  The result suggests that the characteristic intra‐lining‐epithelial deposit of perlecan in KCOT, which has never been seen in other cystic jaw lesions, is a new evidence supporting the neoplastic nature of KCOT.
Deglycosylated bleomycin triggers apoptosis in laryngeal carcinoma cells in a caspase and reactive oxygen species independent manner
Authors: Brahim Souhir , Bettaieb Ali , Kenani Abderraouf 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Bleomycin‐A2, a member of a family of glycopeptide antibiotics, has potent antitumor activity against a range of lymphomas, head and neck cancer and germ cell tumors. However, little is known about the biologic activity of the carbohydrate moiety in Bleomycin‐A2‐induced cytotoxicity.Methods:  We compared the capacity of Bleomycin‐A2 and its deglycosylated form (deglycoBleomycin‐A2) to induce cell death. Apoptosis was analyzed by cell nuclear staining with Hoechst 33342 dye and DNA fragmentation. The signal transduction pathway was measured through Western blotting and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).Results:  When tested on HEp‐2 laryngeal carcinoma cells, Bleomycin‐A2, and deglycoBleomycin‐A2 decreased cell viability and clonogenic survival, but Bleomycin‐A2 was more toxic than its deglycosylated form. The cell death occurred by apoptosis as identified by condensed chromatin and the formation of apoptotic bodies. While Bleomycin‐A2‐induced apoptosis was dependent on caspase activation and ROS production, deglycoBleomycin‐A2‐triggered apoptosis did not require caspase activation and ROS production.Conclusions:  The deglycosylation of Bleomycin‐A2 suppresses the ability of the drug to induce ROS formation without hampering its toxic effect. These observations indicate that deglycoBleomycin‐A2 may demonstrate a less toxic profile than BLM in the clinic.
International collaborative study on ghost cell odontogenic tumours: calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour, dentinogenic ghost cell tumour and ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma
Authors: Ledesma‐Montes Constantino , Gorlin Robert J. , Shear Mervyn , Præ´torius Finn , Mosqueda‐Taylor Adalberto , Altini Mario , Unni Krishnan , Paes de Almeida Oslei , Carlos‐Bregni Román , Romero de León Elías , Phillips Vince , Delgado‐Azañero Wilson , Meneses‐García Abelardo 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Calcifying odontogenic cyst was described first by Gorlin et al. in 1962; since then several hundreds of cases had been reported. In 1981, Prætorius et al. proposed a widely used classification. Afterwards, several authors proposed different classifications and discussed its neoplastic potential. The 2005 WHO Classification of Odontogenic Tumours re‐named this entity as calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour (CCOT) and defined the clinico‐pathological features of the ghost cell odontogenic tumours, the CCOT, the dentinogenic ghost cell tumour (DGCT) and the ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (GCOC).Methods:  The aim of this paper was to review the clinical‐pathological features of 122 CCOT, DGCT and GCOC cases retrieved from the files of the oral pathology laboratories from 14 institutions in Mexico, South Africa, Denmark, the USA, Brazil, Guatemala and Peru. It attempts to clarify and to group the clinico‐pathological features of the analysed cases and to propose an objective, comprehensive and useful classification under the 2005 WHO classification guidelines.Results:  CCOT cases were divided into four sub‐types: (i) simple cystic; (ii) odontoma associated; (iii) ameloblastomatous proliferating; and (iv) CCOT associated with benign odontogenic tumours other than odontomas. DGCT was separated into a central aggressive DGCT and a peripheral non‐aggressive counterpart. For GCOC, three variants were identified. The first reported cases of a recurrent peripheral CCOT and a multiple synchronous, CCOT are included.Conclusions:  Our results suggest that ghost cell odontogenic tumours comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms which need further studies to define more precisely their biological behaviour.
Upregulation of HIF‐1α in malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Tilakaratne W. M. , Iqbal Z. , Teh M. T. , Ariyawardana A. , Pitiyage G. , Cruchley A. , Stewart J. E. , Hagi‐Pavli E. , Lalli A. , Waseem A. , Parkinson E. K. , Fortune F. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition showing extensive fibrosis of the submucosa and affects most parts of the oral cavity, including pharynx and upper third of the oesophagus. The molecules involved in the biological pathways of the fibrotic process appeared to be either down‐ or upregulated at different stages of the disease. Despite the precancerous nature, malignant transformation of the epithelium in the background of fibrosis has not been studied in detail. HIF‐1α is a known transcription factor that is induced by hypoxia.Aims:  To test the hypothesis that hypoxia plays a role in malignant transformation and progression of OSF.Materials and methods:  We used both formalin‐fixed and frozen samples of OSF and normal mucosa to investigate the relationship between HIF‐1α and epithelial dysplasia using immunohistochemistry and RT‐PCR.Conclusions:  Our data indicate that HIF‐1α is upregulated at both protein and mRNA levels in OSF and the correlation with epithelial dysplasia is statistically significant (P < 0.001). We propose that HIF‐1α may play a role in malignant transformation of OSF. Further, over‐expression of HIF‐1α may contribute to the progression of fibrosis. It may be possible to use HIF‐1α as a marker for malignant transformation of OSF.