bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Task for Assessing Vertigo Elicited by Repetitive Head Movements
Authors: Cohen Helen S. , Gavia Jacob A. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Objective. We developed a simple, inexpensive test for assessing vertigo in persons with peripheral vestibular disorders.
Method. The test was administered to 16 asymptomatic adults and 16 patients with chronic vertigo caused by peripheral vestibular disorders. Participants sat in a chair and as rapidly as possible transferred 25 beanbags one at a time from a basket placed on the floor to a basket held .91 m up in the air. The task was timed, and the participants rated the level of vertigo elicited on a 10-point scale.
Results. Patients took significantly more time to perform the task and reported significantly greater levels of vertigo than did the asymptomatic adults. Test scores did not differ significantly across test sessions or raters.
Conclusion. Performance on this task reliably differentiated patients with vestibular disorders from asymptomatic adults. The test is inexpensive, takes less than 1 min to perform, and has minimal technical requirements, making it suitable for a variety of facilities and levels of staff expertise.
Tracing Research Methodology in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Custard Cheryl 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
As a profession, occupational therapy has been repeatedly confronted with the challenge to prove the value of occupation as a therapeutic medium. The types of research pursued by occupational therapists have evolved in response to societal trends, external pressures, and the priorities of individual practitioners. Although many therapists have reconciled the pursuit of research with the roots of occupational therapy through an adherence to naturalistic methods, others continue to value experimental research designs. This article explores the rise of qualitative research methods in occupational therapy and addresses the current dilemma between naturalistic and positivistic designs.
Reliability and Validity of a Videotape Method To Describe Expressive Behavior in Persons With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lyons Kathleen Doyle , Tickle-Degnen Linda 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The ability to effectively communicate thoughts, feelings, and identity to others is an important aspect of occupational performance. The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease can impair a person’s ability to verbally and non-verbally communicate with others. In order to better understand issues of communication functioning for this population, research tools to describe expressive and communicative behavior during occupation and social interaction are needed. In this study, six persons with Parkinson’s disease participated in individual, videotaped interviews focused on problem solving during daily activities. Three trained graduate students viewed edited clips from the videotapes and completed a rating scale of expressive behavior designed by the authors. Data support the reliability and construct validity of the behavioral rating scale, suggesting that measures of expressive behavior of persons with Parkinson’s disease can be effectively derived using short segments of videotaped activity.
The Role of the School-Based Occupational Therapist in Secondary Education Transition Planning: A Pilot Survey Study
Authors: Kardos Margaret , White Barbara Prudhomme 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to investigate school-based occupational therapists’ knowledge of transition planning, their degree of participation in assessment and intervention of students requiring transition services, and to identify potential barriers limiting therapists’ participation in transition services.
METHOD. Using survey methods, a questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of therapists listed as members of the School System Special Interest Section of the American Occupational Therapy Association. Eighty therapists from all geographical regions within the continental United States and who identified themselves as working with students 13–21 years of age in an educational setting, participated in the study. The response rate was 20%.
RESULTS. The majority of participants reported that they understood the terminology associated with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) of 1990 and the 1997 IDEA amendments definitions of transition planning at the secondary level, but were less likely to apply that knowledge to the transition planning process. The majority of therapists reported minimal participation in secondary education transition planning assessment and intervention for students with disabilities. Most respondents believed that they were not contributing to the transition planning process in a manner that maximized their skills, and identified several barriers that they believed hindered greater participation.
CONCLUSION. This pilot study suggests that occupational therapists may not be participating in transition services to their fullest potential. While the low response rate in this study precludes generalization, this information is important to guide further study as well as to shape efforts to increase occupational therapy’s role in this important service area within school-based practice.
Professional Strategies in Work-Related Practice: An Exploration of Occupational and Physical Therapy Roles and Approaches
Authors: Lysaght Rosemary , Wright JoAnne 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Both occupational and physical therapy have historical roots in worker rehabilitation; however, the core philosophies and areas of expertise of these professions suggest there may be inherent differences in the ways each approaches therapeutic intervention. This study surveyed 600 occupational and physical therapists in the United States to determine the nature and scope of work-related practice, and the degree to which occupation-based strategies are used by either profession. The overall response rate was 54% (n = 324), and 76% of respondents (n = 246) were actively engaged in providing work-related services. Results indicate that both professions provide all services commonly associated with work-related therapy in almost equal proportions. Few significant differences were identified between the professions in terms of approaches to therapy, and findings did not reveal the use of occupation-based interventions to any greater degree by occupational therapists.
Vision, Visual-Information Processing, and Academic Performance Among Seventh-Grade Schoolchildren: A More Significant Relationship Than We Thought?
Authors: Goldstand Sarina , Koslowe Kenneth C. , Parush Shula 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To compare visual and visual-information processing skills between children with and without mild reading and academic problems and examine the incidence of visual deficits among them.
METHOD. Seventy-one seventh graders classified as proficient (n = 46) and nonproficient (n = 25) readers were compared with respect to scores on an accepted vision screening, on tests of visual-perception, visual-motor integration, and academic performance. Further, academic performance and visual-information processing were compared between children who failed and passed the vision screening.
RESULTS. Visual deficits were found in 68% of the participants, and among significantly more boys than girls. Nonproficient readers had significantly poorer academic performance and vision-screening scores than the proficient readers. Participants who passed the visual screening performed significantly better in visual perception than those who failed.
CONCLUSION. Visual function significantly distinguishes between children with and without mild academic problems, as well as on visual-perception scores. The high occurrence of visual deficits among participants warrants consideration of vision deficits among schoolchildren with academic performance difficulties.
Behavioral and Physiologic Response Measures of Occupational Task Performance: A Preliminary Comparison Between Typical Children and Children With Attention Disorder
Authors: Prudhomme White Barbara , Mulligan Shelley E. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To compare performance on the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), a measure of functional task performance and physiological responses (salivary cortisol levels) during AMPS administration, between typically developing children and children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
METHOD. In this quasi-experimental study, independent t tests, and mixed, repeated measures analysis of variance were conducted to compare a group of typically developing children (n = 21) with a group of children with ADHD (n = 12) on two dependent measures: (a) the AMPS and (b) salivary cortisol. Salivary cortisol, a stress hormone, was taken at three time points, baseline, mid-way through AMPS administration, and 20 min following AMPS administration.
RESULTS. Significant differences were found on the activities of daily living (ADL) process ability measure of the AMPS (p = .001) and the ADL motor ability measure (p = .04), with the ADHD group performing more poorly than typical children. There was no significant group (ADHD vs. control) by time period interaction effect on cortisol levels. Overall, the cortisol levels of the ADHD group were higher than the levels of those in the control group (p = .02). Cortisol levels tended to drop significantly over time (p = .01) for both groups, however the patterns differed somewhat between groups. Cortisol levels of the typical children dropped at the final time period (20 min post-AMPS administration) whereas the levels of the children in the ADHD remained higher during this time period. This interaction effect approached, but did not reach, statistical significance (p = .15).
CONCLUSION. The results of this investigation suggest that the AMPS is sensitive to detecting functional performance concerns, and both motor and process skill deficits, associated with ADHD, and therefore may be a useful assessment tool with this population. Data also suggests that cortisol expression to a well-known ADL task may be lower if the task is not overly challenging for the individual, and provides support for further study of the role of cortisol with disorders of attention.
Can the Social Model Explain All of Disability Experience? Perspectives of Persons With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Taylor Renee R. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The social model of disability has had a major influence on the academic field of disability studies and on contemporary understandings of the causes and experience of disability. The purpose of this study was to examine the adequacy of the social model for explaining the disability experience of persons with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).
METHODS. This qualitative study examined the experiences of 47 adults with CFS participating in a research project that aimed to evaluate a participant-designed rehabilitation program. Data were aggregated from focus group interviews, open-ended questionnaires, progress notes, and from a program evaluation questionnaire. Data analysis was based on a grounded theory approach and used triangulation of multiple data sources and member checks to assure dependability of findings.
RESULTS. Four themes emerged from the analysis: (1) minimization and mistrust of the disability; (2) negative experiences of impairment; (3) lack of identification with the disability community; and (4) the focus on advocacy as a quest for legitimacy. These themes varied in the extent to which they conformed to the principles set forth by the social model.
CONCLUSIONS. Although the social model has important contributions to lend to occupational therapy practice, it is important to recognize that it may not capture the full reality of disability. In particular, the social model has serious limitations in describing the disability experience of individuals with disabilities who do not have visibly obvious disabilities and whose impairments do not conform to the traditional viewpoint of disability.
Evaluating the Quality of Reporting Occupational Therapy Randomized Controlled Trials by Expanding the CONSORT Criteria
Authors: Moberg-Mogren Emily , Nelson David L. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
CONTEXT. Well-reported randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are necessary for evidenced-based practice in the field of occupational therapy.
OBJECTIVE. The primary purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of reporting in selected RCTs relevant to occupational therapy by using the Nelson-Moberg Expanded CONSORT Instrument (NMECI). The interrater reliability of the NMECI was also tested.
METHOD. The 201-sub-item NMECI was developed by the authors to clarify the 22-item CONSORT Statement, each item of which raises several issues. Fourteen RCTs obtained through the OTseeker database were analyzed independently by the authors.
RESULTS. The 14 articles complied with slightly more than half of the sub-items of the NMECI (M = 104.2, SD = 32.9 for the main rater). The only area of full compliance involved reporting of objectives and hypotheses; areas of frequent noncompliance included reporting of adverse events, randomization, and blinding. The intraclass correlation coefficient assessing level of interrater agreement on the total NMECI score was .95, indicating strong agreement overall. For the 176 kappas that could be computed on individual sub-items, the median kappa was .85, with an inter-quartile range from .58 to 1, indicating high levels of agreement for most items. However, 29 kappas fell below the moderate level of agreement (.40).
CONCLUSIONS. The field of occupational therapy needs increased sophistication in conducting and reporting RCTs. The NMECI shows promise in evaluating the quality of RCTs, given refinements to some items.
A Case Report on the Collaboration of Health Care Professionals in Fitting and Training Seven Iraqi Clients With Right Wrist Disarticulations 9 Years Postamputation
Authors: Krenek Suzanne M. , Vasquez Myra 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In 1995, seven men from Iraq had their right hands surgically amputated under the regime of Saddam Hussein. The men have lived with the shame, that is associated with missing a right hand in their culture, since that time. Recently, the media and a team of health care providers collaborated to bring these seven men to Houston, Texas, for surgical revisions, prosthetic hands, and occupational therapy services. The preprosthetic, interim-prosthetic, and postprosthetic interventions are discussed, as well as the typical time frames for each. This case report outlines the time restrictions that were placed on the health care team and demonstrates the continuous collaborative approach between occupational therapists, prosthetists, and other health care professionals, which contributed to the initial successful outcomes for these men.
Responses to the Acquisition and Use of Power Mobility by Individuals Who Have Multiple Sclerosis and Their Families
Authors: Boss Terri M. , Finlayson Marcia 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
PURPOSE. To develop an understanding of family members’ reactions to the acquisition of power mobility by persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) from the perspectives of the end users and their family members.
METHODS. Data were obtained through semistructured interviews with seven persons with MS using or considering power mobility and four of their family members.
RESULTS. Three major themes emerged from the data. Recognizing the Need for Power Mobility resulted from the interaction between multiple sclerosis progression and the participants’ desired performance. Family decision making and communication, insurance funding and approval, and the physical and social environment were just some of the factors affecting the process of Deciding and Obtaining the Power Mobility. Using Power Mobility resulted in positive, negative, and neutral outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS. This study uncovered an overall lack of resources and some issues within the family environment, such as communication and decision making, both of which can negatively impact the acquisition and use of power mobility for persons with MS. Understanding these challenges may assist occupational therapists to facilitate this transition with their clients.
Psychometric Testing of the McGill Ingestive Skills Assessment
Authors: Lambert Heather C. , Gisel Erika G. , Groher Michael E. , Abrahamowicz Michal , Wood-Dauphinee Sharon 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the McGill Ingestive Skills Assessment. Interrater and intrarater reliability and score stability were tested using repeated administration of this test. The Functional Independence Measure and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination, as well as patient characteristics, were used to determine the validity of the assessment. One hundred and two persons with ingestive skill loss of neurologic origin were evaluated. Intraclass correlations for interrater, intrarater reliability and stability reached or surpassed 0.80 for most subscales. In validity testing, significant relationships were found between McGill Ingestive scores and Functional Independence Measure and Mini-Mental scores, as well as with patient characteristics. It is concluded that the McGill Ingestive Skills Assessment approaches or meets levels of reliability necessary for assessing patients and is valid for adults with neurogenic feeding difficulties residing in tertiary care facilities.
Driving Evaluation Practices of Clinicians Working in the United States and Canada
Authors: Korner-Bitensky Nicol , Bitensky Jamie , Sofer Susan , Man-Son-Hing Malcolm , Gelinas Isabelle 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To determine off-road and on-road driving evaluation practices of clinicians in the United States and Canada who assess individuals with disabilities for fitness to drive.
PARTICIPANTS. Participants were 114 clinician attendees at the 2003 annual Association of Driver Educators for the Disabled with driving assessment experience ranging from 1 month to 25 years.
MEASURES. Information was elicited regarding the clinician, clientele, referral practices, and off-road and on-road driving evaluation practices and retraining practices using a self-administered questionnaire.
RESULTS. Participants were largely occupational therapists (68%) who worked in 42 different states and provinces. The most prevalent clientele were persons with traumatic brain injury (97%) and stroke (96%). Testing times greater than 60 min were common for both the off-road (61%) and on-road (49%) evaluations. Commonly performed off-road assessments included the Brake Reaction Timer; Trail Making Test, Parts A and B; and the Motor Free Visual Perception Test, used by 73%, 72%, and 66%, respectively; comprehensive computer-based driving evaluation was rare. Sixty-one percent indicated that all clients underwent on-road evaluation regardless of the off-road results. Finally, 78% used a standard driving route, whereas 24% used a scoring system to evaluate on-road driving.
CONCLUSION. Driving assessment in Canada and the United States is multidimensional and time-intensive. Although the domains being assessed are similar across clincians, specific off-road and on-road assessment practices vary greatly. The majority use nonstandardized on-road assessments.
Effectiveness of a Work-Related Stress Management Program in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia
Authors: Lee Hui-Ling , Tan Happy Kuy-Lok , Ma Hui-Ing , Tsai Chia-Yu , Liu Yung-Kung 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a work-related stress management program on perceived work-related stress in patients with chronic schizophrenia.
METHOD. A single-blind, randomized crossover design was used. Twenty-nine patients undergoing vocational training while working at paid part-time jobs in a psychiatric center were randomly assigned to receive 12 weeks of a work-related stress management program followed by 12 weeks of no treatment, or the reverse. The Work-Related Stress Questionnaire for Chronic Psychiatric Patients (WSQP) was developed for this study and used to examine the treatment effect.
RESULTS. The decrease in stress was significantly greater when the participants were undergoing the program compared to the decrease of stress when they were not (t = 2.93, p = .0034, r = .49).
CONCLUSION. The results show that the work-related stress management program had large short-term positive effects on the patients’ perceived work-related stress. These findings support providing this type of program to employed patients with chronic schizophrenia.
Critiquing the Logic of the Domain Section of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process
Authors: Nelson David L. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (also known as the Framework), an official document of the American Occupational Therapy Association, advocates terminology and a classification system for concepts that are central to the profession of occupational therapy. Its use has been advocated in practice, research, education, and communications with those who wish to know more about occupational therapy. Given its importance to the profession and to society, the Framework deserves intense scrutiny and sustained scholarly inquiry.
This article investigates the logic of Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process, with a focus on domain. Are definitions and classifications within the domain logically coherent?
The Framework repeatedly violates two rules of logical definitions: (a) a unique term must be applicable to certain particulars and must not be applicable to others (the rule of precision); and (b) the particulars assigned to one term must not be assignable to another term unless there is a logical explanation (the rule of parsimony). The Framework also repeatedly violates two rules of logical classification: (a) a lower-level category must be classifiable only within its assigned higher-level category (the rule of exclusivity); and (b) all relevant particulars must be classifiable (the rule of exhaustiveness).
The profession of occupational therapy needs one or more logically coherent conceptual frameworks, but the Framework is not recommended as a logical basis for practice, education, research, and external communications. Specific recommendations are made in support of the development of a logical framework and the refinement of existing frameworks.
Beyond Active Learning: A Case Study of Teaching Practices in an Occupation-Centered Curriculum
Authors: Hooper Barbara 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Although occupation-centered curricula are highly promoted, the teaching processes that convey such designs remain unclear. This case study elucidated occupation-centered teaching practices. Interview and observational data were collected over 8 weeks, and analysis involved coding transcriptions, data matrices, concept maps, journaling, and writing. Participants augmented active learning strategies with strategies that linked course topics to the subject of occupation. The use of linking strategies suggested that: (a) course content was treated as two-tiered; (b) neither content nor instructional processes were inherently occupation-centered; and (c) subject-centered education strengthens social learning theories. Although curricula may appear occupation-centered based on a curriculum description and course content, ultimately “linking opportunities” in the classroom constitute an essential feature that demarcates a program as occupation-centered.