bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of novel piperidine‐containing thymol derivatives as potent antifungal agents for crop protection
Authors: Yang Xiaoqun , Jiang Shichun , Zhang Meng , Li Tingting , Jin Zhichao , Wu Xingxing , Chi Yonggui Robin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant fungal diseases pose a significant threat to crop production. The extensive use of chemical pesticides has led to growing environmental safety risks and pesticide resistance of various plant pathogens. Therefore, it is an urgent task to explore novel eco‐friendly fungicidal agents with high efficacy to combat fungal infection.RESULTSIn this study, we rationally designed a series of novel thymol derivatives by incorporation of the sulfonamide moiety and evaluated their biological activities against plant pathogenic fungi. The bioassay results underscored the remarkable in vitro antifungal activity of compounds 5m and 5t against Phytophthora capsici (P. capsici), with EC50 values of 8.420 and 8.414 μg/mL, respectively. Their efficacies were superior to that of widely used commercial fungicides azoxystrobin (AZO, 20.649 μg/mL) and cabendazim (CAB, 251.625 μg/mL). Furthermore, compound 5v exhibited excellent in vitro antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum), with an EC50 value of 12.829 μg/mL, significantly outperforming AZO (63.629 μg/mL). In vivo bioassays demonstrated the impactful activity of compound 5v against S. sclerotiorum, achieving over 98% curative and protective efficacies at the concentration of 200 μg/mL. Further mechanistic investigations unveiled that compound 5v induced mycelial shrinkage and collapse in S. sclerotiorum, resulting in organelle damage and the accumulation of antioxidant enzyme activity.CONCLUSIONThe significant antifungal efficacy of the prepared thymol derivatives shall encourage further exploration of compound 5v as a promising candidate to develop novel fungicides for crop protection. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Co‐Assembly of Soft and Hard Nanoparticles into Macroscopic Colloidal Composites with Tailored Mechanical Property and Processability
Authors: Cui Yan , Xing Yurui , Hou Jingwen , Zhang Hongti , Qiu Huibin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractColloidal composites, translating the great potential of nanoscale building bricks into macroscopic dimensions, have emerged as an appealing candidate for new materials with applications in optics, energy storage, and biomedicines. However, it remains a key challenge to bridge the size regimes from nanoscopic colloidal particles to macroscale composites possessing mechanical robustness. Herein, a bottom‐up approach is demonstrated to manufacture colloidal composites with customized macroscopic forms by virtue of the co‐assembly of nanosized soft polymeric micelles and hard inorganic nanoparticles. Upon association, the hairy micellar corona can bind with the hard nanoparticles, linking individual hard constituents together in a soft‐hard alternating manner to form a collective entity. This permits the integration of block copolymer micelles with controlled amounts of hard nanoparticles into macroscopic colloidal composites featuring diverse internal microstructures. The resultant composites showed tunable microscale mechanical strength in a range of 90–270 MPa and macroscale mechanical strength in a range of 7–42 MPa for compression and 2–24 MPa for bending. Notably, the incorporation of soft polymeric micelles also imparts time‐ and temperature‐dependent dynamic deformability and versatile capacity to the resulting composites, allowing their application in the low‐temperature plastic processing for functional fused silica glass.
Vacuum‐Boosting Precise Synthetic Control of Highly Bright Solid‐State Carbon Quantum Dots Enables Efficient Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Lihua , Liu Guiju , Wang Maorong , Song Yang , Jing Qiang , Zhao Haiguang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCarbon quantum dots (C‐dots) have emerged as efficient fluorescent materials for solid‐state lighting devices. However, it is still a challenge to obtain highly bright solid‐state C‐dots because of the aggregation caused quenching. Compared to the encapsulation of as‐prepared C‐dots in matrices, one‐step preparation of C‐dots/matrix complex is a good method to obtain highly bright solid‐state C‐dots, which is still quite limited. Here, an efficient and controllable vacuum‐boosting gradient heating approach is demonstrated for in situ synthesis of a stable and efficient C‐dots/matrix complex. The addition of boric acid strongly bonded with urea, promoting the selectivity of the reaction between citric acid and urea. Benefiting from the high reaction selectivity and spatial‐confinement growth of C‐dots in porous matrices, in situ synthesize C‐dots bonded can synthesized dominantly with a crosslinked octa‐cyclic compound, biuret and cyanuric acid (triuret). The obtained C‐dots/matrix complex exhibited bright green emission with a quantum yield as high as 90% and excellent thermal and photo stability. As a proof‐of‐concept, the as‐prepared C‐dots are used for the fabrication of white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with a color rendering index of 84 and luminous efficiency of 88.14 lm W−1, showing great potential for applications in LEDs.
The art and science of building by Pier Luigi Nervi: A modern vision and a heritage to be preserved
Authors: Chiorino Cristiana , Chiorino Mario Alberto , Nervi Elisabetta Margiotta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe legacy of Pier Luigi Nervi spans globally, showcasing excellence in construction and artistry. Conservation of his architectural marvels poses challenges due to material fragility and societal shifts. Preservation efforts require interdisciplinary collaboration among engineers, historians, and architects. Exhibitions on Nervi and UNESCO nominations highlight the importance of Nervi's work. Strategies for safeguarding his masterpieces are evolving, focusing on documentation and renovation. Although some structures faced damage during World War II, most remain structurally sound. However, common degradation of structural concrete, such as carbonation‐induced rebar corrosion, may affect structures in service since multiple decades, particularly in cases of inadequate concrete cover. Nervi's meticulous design and construction methods often mitigate such decay, especially in thin ferrocement elements. In addition, it must be considered that, as most of 20th century's structures, Nervi's structures were usually conceived without accounting for seismic actions, but only for static configurations, in accordance with the technical standards at the time. All this requires ongoing conservation and where needed rehabilitation efforts to ensure the cultural and social significance of Nervi's legacy is appreciated and preserved for future generations.
Research advances in fiber‐reinforced concrete‐filled steel tube columns
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Ma Xiaoxia , Li Na , Chen Juan , Lu Yiyan 
Published: May 2024

SummaryFiber‐reinforced concrete‐filled steel tube (CFST) adopts the microskeleton and bridging effect of fibers, thereby optimizing the confinement effect between the steel tube and concrete core while reducing the concrete core friability. This structure offers a viable solution for solving the interface disengagement and insufficient ductility problems of conventional CFSTs. For further theoretical research and engineering application, the mechanical properties of fiber‐reinforced CFSTs under different loading conditions are reviewed. The research results are summarized, and future research scopes are suggested. The literature review shows that adding fibers improves the ductility of CFSTs significantly but the bearing capacity only slightly. The bond strength between steel tube and concrete core is enhanced by fibers, and the degradation in the bond strength is simultaneously delayed. However, in existing research, the mechanical properties and design method are still inadequate. More experimental works, further theoretical analyses, and numerical simulation should be undertaken to establish the quantitative relations between the generalized fiber parameters and structural performance of CFSTs. Future research should propose a unified design theory of fiber‐reinforced CFST structures based on service performance requirements.
Considerations for the structural design of wind turbine towers: A practical application
Authors: de Lima Douglas Mateus , Medeiros Iálysson da Silva , dos Santos Romário Barros , de Medeiros Alas Luis Ernesto , López‐Yánez Pablo Aníbal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAiming to achieve efficient structural performance, this article presents a methodology for the design of the shell structure and dimensioning of the connections of an S355J2 tubular steel tower with a height of 80 m, compatible with a SWT‐2.3‐93 wind turbine. The tower is made up of three segments, interconnected by flanged connections made of high‐strength steel. The analysis considers various load cases, taking into account stress and resistance in different directions, as well as designing connections using Petersen's theory, according to maximum strength and fatigue criteria. The results indicate that the circumferential stresses are nearly negligible compared with the resistant stresses, while the shear stress is significantly higher at the base due to the torsional moment. Meridional stress determines the stability of the structure, requiring consideration of internal pressure for safety. Maximum stress values range from 135.00 to 168.47 MPa, depending on the location along the tower height. Flanged connections meet the strength and fatigue criteria, with the first flange enduring 63.0% of the fatigue effect and the second, 39.7%. Therefore, the results provide reliable information and methodologies for tower design, contributing to the practical and efficient development of these structures.
“CATERing” to Readers' Needs with AI: Innovation in Text Design and Instruction
Authors: DeJulio Samuel , Lammert Catherine , Hiebert Elfrieda , Avalos Andrea , Cagle Beverly , Dean Jasmin , Good Shannon , Tice Rashanna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this article, the authors describe CATER (Computer‐Assisted Texts for Early Reading), an innovation that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to create texts for beginning reading instruction tailored to the interests, strengths, and learning needs of individual readers. The authors present an overview of CATER and share their findings from their work with elementary‐age children as part of a five‐week summer graduate course. The use of CATER allowed the authors to create texts that were engaging and that provided an appropriate balance of challenge and accessibility for the children with whom they worked. The authors share two examples that highlight different ways CATER can be implemented and provide recommendations for readers who are interested in trying it out in their classrooms.
A model for saturated–unsaturated flow with fractures acting as capillary barriers
Authors: Varela Jhabriel , Keilegavlen Eirik , Nordbotten Jan M. , Radu Florin A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐resolution modeling of the flow dynamics in fractured soils is highly complex and computationally demanding as it requires precise geometrical description of the fractures in addition to resolving a multiphase free‐flow problem inside the fractures. In this paper, we present an idealized model for saturated–unsaturated flow in fractured soils that preserves the core aspects of fractured flow dynamics using an explicit representation of the fractures. The model is based on Richards’ equation in the matrix and hydrostatic equilibrium in the fractures. While the first modeling choice is standard, the latter is motivated by the difference in flow regimes between matrix and fractures, that is, the water velocity inside the fractures is considerably larger than in the soil even under saturated conditions. On matrix/fracture interfaces, the model permits water exchange between matrix and fractures only when the capillary barrier offered by the presence of air inside the fractures is overcome. Thus, depending on the wetting conditions, fractures can either act as impervious barriers or as paths for rapid water flow. Since in numerical simulations each fracture face in the computational grid is a potential seepage face, solving the resulting system of nonlinear equations is a nontrivial task. Here, we propose a general framework based on a discrete‐fracture matrix approach, a finite volume discretization of the equations, and a practical iterative technique to solve the conditional flow at the interfaces. Numerical examples support the mathematical validity and the physical applicability of the model.
Integrated water resources management and the land‐water nexus: A South African perspective
Authors: Locke Kent Anson 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs a source of diffuse pollution, land use/land cover (LULC) can have profound impacts on water quality. Accordingly, the importance of managing the land‐water nexus is often emphasized in the rhetoric of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Several authors, however, have cautioned that this need is frequently overlooked in practice. This is partly because stakeholders and policymakers are not equipped with clear and accessible information about the impacts of LULC on water resources and the consequent need to manage both in a sustainable and coordinated manner. The result is persistent sectoral fragmentation in the management of these two resources, and a concomitant failure to develop proactive and data‐driven catchment management strategies. Aimed principally at academics, researchers, and policymakers, this article argues that there is an urgent need, especially in developing countries such as South Africa, for ongoing research into the impacts of LULC on water resources. More particularly, there is a need to develop accurate models that will provide stakeholders and policymakers with the motivation, knowledge, and understanding necessary to develop effective, informed, and coordinated management strategies. A failure to do so, as illustrated by the current situation in South Africa, may have dire socioeconomic and ecological consequences.
Probing the gauge-boson couplings of axion-like particle at the LHC and high-luminosity LHC
Authors: Cheung Kingman , Hsiao Wanyon , Ouseph C. J. , Wang Chen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this work, we calculate the sensitivities on the gauge-boson couplings gaZZ, gaZγ, and gaWW of an axion-like particle (ALP) that one can achieve at the LHC with $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 14 TeV and integrated luminosities of 300 fb−1 (current run) and 3000 fb−1 (High-Luminosity LHC). We focus on the associated production processes pp → Za → (l+l−)(γγ) and pp → W±a → (l±ν)(γγ). We show that better sensitivities on these gauge couplings can be achieved at the LHC for Ma = 1 – 100 GeV, down to the level of 10−4 GeV−1. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the significance of the investigated channels in constraining the ALP couplings at the LHC, offering valuable insights for future experiments dedicated to ALP detection.
The Historiography of “Hitler’s Atomic Bomb”
Authors: Walker Mark 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis essay analyzes the historiography of the German attempts during the Second World War to develop and harness the economic and military applications of uranium fission as well as the postwar “politics of the past.” This literature, which began immediately after the end of the war and continues to the present day, includes contributions from scientists, historians, journalists, playwrights, and other authors. The essay is divided into mostly chronological sections.
Evaluation of the real-time El Niño forecasts by the climate network approach between 2011 and present
Authors: Bunde Armin , Ludescher Josef , Schellnhuber Hans Joachim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEl Niño episodes are part of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is the strongest driver of interannual climate variability, and can trigger extreme weather events and disasters in various parts of the globe. Previously we have described a network approach that allows to forecast El Niño events about 1 year ahead. Here we evaluate the real-time forecasts of this approach between 2011 and 2022. We find that the approach correctly predicted (in 2013 and 2017) the onset of both El Niño periods (2014-2016 and 2018-2019) and generated only 1 false alarm in 2019. In June 2022, the approach correctly forecasted the onset of an El Niño event in 2023. For determining thep-value of the 12 real-time forecasts, we consider 2 null hypotheses: (a) random guessing where we assume that El Niño onsets occur randomly, and (b) correlated guessing where we assume that in the year an El Niño ends, no new El Niño will start. We find$$p_a\cong 0.005$$pa≅0.005and$$p_b\cong 0.015$$pb≅0.015, this way rejecting both the null hypotheses that the same quality of the forecast can be obtained by chance. We also discuss how the network algorithm can be further improved by systematically reducing the number of false alarms. For 2024, the method indicates the absence of a new El Niño event.
Anxious Altruism: Virtue Signaling Mediates the Impact of Attachment Style on Consumers’ Green Purchase Behavior and Prosocial Responses
Authors: Hasni Muhammad Junaid Shahid , Konuk Faruk Anıl , Otterbring Tobias 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Virtue signaling serves to express moral and ethical values publicly, showcasing commitment to social and sustainable ideals. This research, conducted with non-WEIRD samples to mitigate the prevalent WEIRD bias (i.e., the tendency to solely rely on samples from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic societies), examines whether the scarcely studied virtue-signaling construct mediates the influence of consumers’ attachment anxiety (vs. avoidance) on their green purchase behavior and prosocial responses. Drawing on attachment theory and the emerging virtue-signaling literature, the current work reports the results from three studies (N
total = 898) in which consumers’ attachment patterns were not only measured, as in most prior related research, but also manipulated. Study 1 confirmed the unique ability of measured attachment anxiety, but not attachment avoidance, to predict consumers’ green purchase behavior and prosocial tendencies, with virtue signaling mediating these links. Study 2 manipulated participants’ attachment patterns, finding further support for the mediating role of virtue signaling between attachment anxiety (vs. avoidance) and these dependent variables. Study 3 provided a more nuanced account for our virtue-signaling conceptualization by documenting that self-oriented, but not other-oriented, virtue signaling mediated the link between attachment anxiety and both our key outcomes in public contexts. From a managerial viewpoint, these findings indicate that anxiously attached consumers constitute a potentially lucrative segment for companies seeking to expand their market share of sustainable and ethically produced products.
Therapist Anxious Distress and Avoidance of Implementing Time-Out
Authors: Klein Corinna C. , Salem Hanan , Becker-Haimes Emily M. , Barnett Miya L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTherapist anxious distress when delivering child mental health treatment has been understudied as a factor that contributes to the underuse of some evidence-based interventions (EBIs), such as time-out for children with disruptive behaviors. This study investigated therapist anxious avoidance of time-out using a three-part, vignette-based survey design. Therapists (n = 198) read a vignette of an in-session time-out and reported on their personal anxious distress and likelihood of discontinuing the implementation of time-out. Therapists also provided open-ended descriptions of challenges to delivering time-out. Therapists reported moderate anxious distress at time points 1 and 2 and lower anxious distress at time 3 when the time-out had resolved. Most therapists endorsed some avoidance of time-out. Binomial logistic regression analyses indicated that increased anxious distress corresponded with an increased probability of avoiding time-out delivery in the future. Qualitative reports expanded on challenges to implementing time-out. Findings suggest the importance of addressing therapist anxious distress when implementing children’s mental health treatments.
Revisiting development strategy under climate uncertainty: case study of Malawi
Authors: Mukashov Askar , Thomas Timothy , Thurlow James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effectiveness of agriculture-led versus non-agriculture-led development strategies under climate-induced economic uncertainty. Utilizing Malawi as a case study, we introduce the application of Stochastic Dominance (SD) analysis, a tool from decision analysis theory, and compare the two strategies in the context of weather/climate-associated economic uncertainty. Our findings suggest that an agriculture-led development strategy consistently surpasses its non-agriculture-led antagonist in poverty and undernourishment outcomes across almost all possible weather/climate scenarios. This underscores that, despite increasing exposure of the entire economy to weather/climate uncertainty, agriculture-led development remains the optimal strategy for Malawi to reduce poverty and undernourishment. The study also endorses the broader use of SD analysis in policy planning studies, promoting its potential to integrate risk and uncertainty into policymaking.
Continuous Electroencephalogram (cEEG) Findings and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) at 12–24 Months of Age
Authors: Padiyar Swetha , Friedman Neil , Pestana-Knight Elia , Franic Linda , Worley Sarah , Aly Hany 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to assess the role of continuous EEG (cEEG) background patterns and duration of cross-clamp time and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing cardiac surgery and its correlation with abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12–24 months on Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III).

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included infants with CHD and cEEG monitoring, who underwent surgery by 44 weeks gestational age.

Results
34 patients were included, who were operated at median age − 7 days. Longer duration of cross- camp time was associated with poor language composite scores (LCS) (p value = 0.036). A significant association existed between severity of encephalopathy in 24-hour post-operative period and poor LCS (p value = 0.026).

Conclusion
Majority of neonates with CHD have below average cognitive, language and motor composite scores on BSID-III. Longer duration of cross-clamp time and severity of encephalopathy during 24-hour post-operative EEG monitoring are associated with poor LCS.