bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Betrayal or 'Business as Usual'? Access to Forest Resources in the Nepal Terai
Authors: Rajan Sinha Deb 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The lack of progress with community forestry in the Nepal Terai has been blamed on regional agrarian structure, the ethnic composition of the population, in-migration and the spatial distribution of forests and settlements. Yet a careful analysis of the environmental history of the region demonstrates that the Nepalese State never relinquished its control over the economically-valuable Terai forests. The skilful weaving of conflicting environmental narratives with national forest policies has allowed the Nepalese State to fend off challenges to its federal power structure from aid agencies and public demands on the Terai's forests.
Reading the Landscape Past: Explaining the Lack of On-Farm Tree Planting in Ethiopia
Authors: Kassa Habtemariam , Bekele Melaku , Campbell Bruce 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Although tree planting initiatives by the state began by the end of the nineteenth century, on-farm tree planting has not been widespread, particularly on plots outside homesteads. Farmers particularly in central and northern Ethiopia are limited to growing trees mainly at homesteads indicating the need to identify the underlying discouraging factors. This paper examines the historical trend and current status of tree planting by smallholder farmers. In addition to reviewing historical and legal documents, the study solicited farmers' opinions and used maps and satellite images to examine past and recent features of a site in southern Ethiopia that represents the southern Rift Valley areas of the country and is characterised by low to medium tree cover. Major policy failures identified, and which persisted over a long period of time, include lack of tenure security, historical background that promoted free grazing, political and institutional instability, abrupt and radical changes in rural development policies and strategies and market distortions due to de facto open access of forest resources on the one hand and price control and lengthy permit requirements to sell wood and wood products produced on farms on the other. Unless these issues are addressed, the degrading landscapes will be worse off. The study clearly demonstrates that, in developing countries like Ethiopia, stable institutions, secure tenure and enabling policies are critical if tree planting is to be promoted for meeting farmers' own needs and growing market demands and thus increasing rural household income.
Book Reviews
Authors: Luckin Bill , Pooley Simon , Platt Harold L. , Specht Joshua 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Genevieve Massard-Guilbaud, Histoire de la Pollution Industrielle: France, 1789-1914 (Bill Luckin)
Stephen J. Pyne, America's Fires: A Historical Context for Policy and Practice (Simon Pooley)
Stefania Barca, Enclosing Water: Nature and Political Economy in a Mediterranean Valley, 1796-1916 (Harold L. Platt)
Marcus Hall (ed.), Restoration and History: The Search for a Usable Environmental Past (Joshua Specht)
Insufficient Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnancy: Missed Opportunities for Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV in Europe
Authors:   European Collaborative Study in EuroCoord, Bailey Heather , Townsend Claire , Cortina-Borja Mario , Thorne Claire , Bianchi L Chieco , Zacchello F , Ruga E , Laverda AM , D'Elia R , Oletto S , Schmitz T , Weogel R , Seel Karen , Casteleyn S , Burns S , Hallam N , Yap PL , Whitelaw J , Sancho B , Casanego G Fontan , Molina A Gonzalez , Gobernado M , Lopez JL , Cordoba J , van der Plas A , Lepoole EM , Westling Katarina , Kaldma A , Lindholm AC , Ferrazin A , Rosso R , Mantero G , Trasino S , Nicoletti J , Mur E , de Tejada B Martinez , Zamora L , Vidal R , Zucotti G , Re M Carla , Tovo PA , Gabiano C , Maccabruni A , Ferraris G , Bruno T , Mantero G , Nicoletti A , Bruzzone B , Rosso R , Setti M , Kaflik M 
Published: July 2011

Background Although mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rates are at an all-time low in Western Europe, potentially preventable transmissions continue to occur. Duration of antenatal combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is strongly associated with MTCT risk. Methods Data on pregnant HIV-infected women enrolled in the Western and Central European sites of the European Collaborative Study between January 2000 and July 2009 were analysed. The proportion of women receiving no antenatal ART or 1–13 days of treatment was investigated, and associated factors explored using logistic regression models. Results Of 2,148 women, 142 (7%) received no antenatal ART, decreasing from 8% in 2000–2003 to 5% in 2004– 2009 (χ2=8.73; P<0.01). A further 41 (2%) received 1–13 days of ART. One-third (64/171) of women with ‘insufficient’ (0 or 1–13 days) antenatal ART had a late HIV diagnosis (in the third trimester or intrapartum), but half (85/171) were diagnosed before conception. Pre-term delivery <34 weeks was associated with receipt of no and 1–13 days antenatal ART (adjusted odds ratios [ORs] 2.9 [ P<0.01] and 4.5 [ P<0.01], respectively). History of injecting drug use was associated with an increased risk of no ART (adjusted OR 2.9; P<0.01) and severe symptomatic HIV disease with a decreased risk (adjusted OR 0.2; P<0.01). MTCT rates were 1.1% (15/1,318) among women with ≥14 days antenatal ART and 7.4% (10/136) among those with insufficient ART. Conclusions Over the last 10 years, around one in 11 women in this study received insufficient antenatal ART, accounting for 40% of MTCTs. One-half of these women were diagnosed before conception, suggesting disengagement from care.
Interdisciplinary Approaches at Institutions of Higher Education: Teaching Information Systems Concepts to Students of Non-Computer Science Programs
Authors: Schwald Roland 
Published: July 2011

The aim of this paper is to present a curriculum development concept for teaching information systems content to students enrolled in non-computer science programs by presenting examples from the Business Administration programs at Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, a state university located in Southern Germany. The main focus of this paper therefore is to describe this curriculum development concept. Since this concept involves two disciplines, i.e. business administration and computer science, the author argues that it is necessary to define the roles of one discipline for the other and gives an example on how this could be done.
The paper acknowledges that the starting point for the development of a curriculum such as one for a business administration program will be the requirements of the potential employers of the graduates. The paper continues to recommend the assignment of categorized skills and qualifications, such as knowledge, social, methodological, and decision making skills to the different parts of the curricula in question for the development of such a curriculum concept. After the mapping of skills and courses the paper describes how specific information systems can be used in courses, especially those with a specific focus on methodological skills. Two examples from Albstadt-Sigma-ringen University are being given.
At the end of the paper the author explains the implications and limitations of such a concept, especially for programs that build on each other, as is the case for some Bachelor and Master programs. The paper concludes that though some elements of this concept are transferable, it is still necessary that every institution of higher education has to take into consideration its own situation to develop curricula concepts. It provides recommendations what issues every institution should solve for itself.
Pharmacotherapy Options in the Management of Phenylketonuria
Authors: Peters Stacy , Van Gilder Deidra , Dvoracek Kyle , Hegge Karly A. 
Published: July 2011

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder related to a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), which converts phenylalanine to tyrosine. As a result, phenylalanine can accumulate in the bloodstream, potentially leading to severe neurologic sequelae. Traditionally, PKU management involves strict dietary phenylalanine restriction, although adherence to this diet is suboptimal, necessitating improved therapeutic options. Sapropterin (Kuvan®) is a synthetic form of tetrahydrobioterin (BH4), a cofactor for PAH, and offers promise for patients with residual enzyme production. In four pivotal phase 2 and 3 trials, as well as several smaller trials, sapropterin has demonstrated significantly improved plasma phenylalanine concentrations in patients with BH4-responsive PKU. Furthermore, data exist to support reduced dependence on a restricted phenylalanine diet. Sapropterin has a favorable safety profile, but further studies are warranted to evaluate its long-term effects. Sapropterin represents a significant advancement in PKU management, and its clinical role may continue to evolve as more data become available and clinicians gain experience with this novel pharmacologic agent.
Stent-Grafts Improve Secondary Patency of Failing Hemodialysis Grafts
Authors: Santini Luis Davila , Etkin Yana , Nadelson Adam J. , Safa Toufic 
Published: July 2011

Purpose Failing hemodialysis grafts continue to pose a challenge in the care of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We review our experience using percutaneous stent-grafts for the treatment of venous outflow stenosis and occlusion in order to assess their efficacy in nonautologous graft salvage. Methods This is a retrospective review of patients treated with percutaneous Viabahn® stent-grafts for failing hemodialysis arteriovenous grafts (AVGs), between 6/2006 and 12/2009. All stent-grafts were deployed across the venous anastomosis to address the outflow obstruction. Patency and re-intervention rates were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results Twenty patients had stent-grafts placed. Successful stent-grafting was defined as <30% residual stenosis and the ability to dialyze through the graft post-treatment. Technical success for stent-grafting was 100%. Median follow-up was 23 months (range 3 to 37 months). Stent-graft patency at 6 months: 94.7%, 12 months: 94.7%, 18 months: 82.1%, 24 months: 82.1%, 36 months: 82.1%. Freedom from re-intervention was 69% at 24 months and 50% at 36 months. Two AVGs failed and had to be removed without further interventions, because of complete occlusion and infection. Two patients (10%) required re-intervention for arterial inflow stenosis. One patient (5%) required balloon angioplasty and stenting of stenosis distal to the stent-graft. One patient (5%) developed in-stent stenosis and was treated with placement of a new stent. Graft salvage rate was 80% at 36 months. Conclusions Stent-grafts can be successfully used to improve freedom from re-intervention rates and overall patency rates of failing AVGs.
Totally Implantable Venous Catheters: Insertion via Internal Jugular Vein with Pocket Implantation in the Arm is an Alternative for Diseased Thoracic Walls
Authors: Zerati Antonio Eduardo , Wolosker Nelson , da Motta-Leal-Filho Joaquim Maurício , Nabuco Pedro Henrique Xavier , Puech-Leão Pedro 
Published: July 2011

Purpose Insertion of totally implantable catheters via deep vessels that drain into the superior vena cava results in a lower incidence of venous thrombosis and infection as compared to catheters inserted into femoral and arm veins. Superior vena cava obstruction and inadequacy of the thoracic wall are conditions that prevent reservoir implantation in the chest wall. In this article, we describe a technical innovation that enables the pocket to be fixed in the arm while still allowing access to be achieved via the internal jugular vein. Method The procedure reported maintains the use of the internal jugular vein for access even when the patient's chest is not suited for reservoir implantation, which is localized in the arm. Results The procedure was successful and no complications occurred. The position of the catheter tip did not alter with arm movement. Conclusion The implantation of a port reservoir in the arm following venous access via the internal jugular vein is both safe and convenient.
Inner/Interface Engineered Iron/Manganese‐Based Mixed Phosphate Cathode with High Energy Density and Ultra‐Long Cycle Life for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yian , Sui Yulei , Xiao Zhe , Fei Wenbin , Deng Mengting , Zhang Xiaoping , Guo Huazhang , Wang Renheng , Wu Ling 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe iron/manganese‐based mixed phosphates (Na4Fe3‐zMnz(PO4)2(P2O7)) have become focal points in the realm of cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries due to their high voltage plateau and sturdy open framework architecture. However, their electrochemical performance is hindered by surface manganese enrichment, inert phases, Jahn‐Teller distortion, etc. In this work, a Ni(inner)‐B(interface) synergistic modification strategy is proposed to overcome these issues. By facilitating charge redistribution around Mn atoms via Ni doping, the structural damage by Mn Jahn‐Teller distortion is significantly mitigated. Furthermore, the redistribution can enhance the redox activity of Mn2+/Mn3+, alleviating the voltage hysteresis. Meanwhile, the interface engineering induced by B‐doping activates sodium ion active sites and eliminates surface manganese enrichment, thus impeding the dissolution of Mn and fortifying the structural steadiness. Besides, the synergistic effect of Ni‐B doping promotes the homogenization of internal elements, effectively inhibiting the spontaneous generation of inert phases. As anticipated, the optimal Na4Fe2Mn0.9Ni0.1(PO4)2(P2O7)/C‐B0.1 demonstrates an impressive initial specific capacity (147.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1C), outstanding rate performance (72.5 mAh g−1 at 20C) and superior cycling stability (80.1% retention after 11000 cycles). This work successfully addresses the challenges through the implementation of multifunctional modification, providing valuable insights into the structure design for iron/manganese‐based cathode materials.
Molecularly Functionalized Biomass Hydrogels for Sustainable Atmospheric Water Harvesting
Authors: Guan Weixin , Zhao Yaxuan , Lei Chuxin , Wang Yuyang , Wu Kai , Yu Guihua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAtmospheric water harvesting (AWH) offers a promising pathway to alleviate global water scarcity, highlighting the need for environmentally responsible sorbent materials. In this context, this research introduces a universal strategy for transforming natural polysaccharides into effective hydrogel sorbents, demonstrated with cellulose, starch, and chitosan. The methodology unites alkylation to graft thermoresponsive groups, thereby enhancing water processability and enabling energy‐efficient water release at lower temperatures, with the integration of zwitterionic groups to ensure stable and effective water sorption. The molecularly functionalized cellulose hydrogel, exemplifying our approach, shows favorable water uptake of 0.86–1.32 g g−1 at 15–30% relative humidity (RH), along with efficient desorption, releasing 95% of captured water at 60 °C. Outdoor tests highlight the water production rate of up to 14.19 kg kg−1 day−1 by electrical heating. The proposed molecular engineering methodology, which expands the range of raw materials by leveraging abundant biomass feedstock, has the potential to advance sorbent production and scalable AWH technologies, contributing to sustainable solutions.
Tailoring Electronic and Morphology Features of Iron‐Doped Ni2P Nanoflowers for Enhanced Ammonia Electrosynthesis in Solid Electrolyte Reactors
Authors: Zhang Qi , Ni Congcong , Deng Ning , Huang Xin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractElectrochemical nitrate (NO3−) reduction to ammonia (NH3) presents a promising route for both wastewater treatment and ammonia generation but still suffers from sluggish catalytic activity, insufficient mass transfer, and the reliance on high‐concentration supporting electrolytes. This work reports an innovative and efficient ammonia electrosynthesis reactor by integrating a self‐assembled iron‐doped Ni2P (Fe‐Ni2P/NF) nanoflower cathode with a solid‐electrolyte (SE). The SE design eliminates the need for supporting electrolytes, providing a highly efficient ion‐conducting pathway and enabling the direct production of NH3 from NO3−. Through tailoring the electronic and surface characteristics of Fe‐Ni2P/NF, this reactor achieves complete NO3− reduction, 96.7% NH3 selectivity, and 81.8% faradaic efficiency with a NO3− concentration of 100 mm at a current density of 100 mA m−2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that phosphating and Fe doping synergistically enhance NO3− adsorption and increase the availability of active hydrogen, thus favoring NH3 production at a low energy barrier of 0.695 eV. Additionally, the superhydrophilicity of the Fe‐Ni2P/NF nanoflower catalyst promotes mass transfer by facilitating electrolyte access and ensuring rapid gas bubble release. This study provides a sustainable and scalable method for converting NO3−‐laden wastewater into valuable ammonia products.
Optical Force Probes for Spatially Resolved Imaging of Polymer Damage and Failure
Authors: Asya Berçin V. , Wang Sitao , Euchler Eric , Khiêm Vu Ngoc , Göstl Robert 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPolymer deformation spans 7–10 orders of magnitude in length scales, making its analysis a significant challenge. Optical force probes (OFPs), functional molecular motifs in polymer mechanochemistry, enable the study of mechanical properties by undergoing force‐activated optical changes, such as absorption, fluorescence, or chemiluminescence. This review highlights OFPs integrated within polymer materials, focusing on their mechanical properties, optical methods for force elucidation, and the insights they provide. Special attention is given to high‐resolution microscopy combined with OFPs, enabling qualitative and quantitative imaging of material damage and failure at unprecedented spatial resolution. While binary OFPs respond at critical strain thresholds, ideal for detecting permanent damage and stress hotspots, continuum OFPs track strain proportionally through reversible optical mechanisms, providing dynamic, real‐time strain mapping. Together, these systems advance material diagnostics, offering complementary capabilities to study stress distribution, improve durability predictions, and understand polymer failure mechanisms.
“Who's breaking the law … not us, them!”: Inside immigration detention in Portugal
Authors: Esposito Francesca , de Lellis Federica , De Cordova Federica , Briozzo Erica 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this paper, we examine immigration detention in Portugal, a system whose daily operations and inherent violence are overlooked in both public and academic discourses. Even within community psychology, discussions on immigration detention have largely remained on the fringes of scholarly debates. Guided by a justice‐centered ecological lens, we map the contours of daily life in detention by centering the intersectional struggles of detained cisgender and transgender women. These struggles illuminate the politics of power and resistance at play in these sites, contributing to interrelated ecologies of knowledge and advancing a critical understanding of the systems of power and oppression articulated around borders, citizenship, and the “making of migration.” Our findings reveal Portuguese detention centers as uncaring environments where women feel constantly threatened, unsafe and disregarded, with their well‐being severely compromised. Ignorance reigns in these sites, wielded as a form of power. Yet, despite this, detained women create counterspaces and cultivate ecologies of knowledge and resistance from the ground up. We conclude by reflecting on how community‐engaged scholars and activists can contribute to transformative and liberatory efforts against carceral border systems, working toward futures of freedom, dignity, and justice for all.
Atomic‐Level Elucidation of Lattice‐Hydrogens in Copper Catalysts for Selective CO2 Electrochemical Conversion toward C2 Products
Authors: Ma Xiaoshuang , Fang Cong , Ding Mei , Zuo Yang , Sun Xiaoyan , Wang Shuxin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCopper is the most efficient and practical electrocatalyst for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (ECR) to give multicarbon (C2+) products, but the mechanism by which such products are formed – though known to involve lattice‐hydrogens – remains elusive, and the selectivity of the reaction is poor. Herein, we report the synthesis of [AuCu24(dppp)6H22]+, a copper hydride nanocluster bearing exposed Cu3H3 units in specific surface cavities, and our use of it to study the mechansim and selectivity of the reduction of CO2 to C2+ products. Results of in situ infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations showed that these Cu3H3 units can effectively lower the energy barrier to the formation of the *COCOH intermediate, which allowed the competition between the C1 and C2 pathways to be elucidated. Isotope labeling experiments and catalyst recrystallization studies corroborated the theoretical simulations, identifying the lattice‐hydrogen (H−) in the Cu3H3 active unit as being indispensable for the formation of C2H4. The molecular design guidelines which this work has facilitated constitute a new approach towards the of copper‐based catalysts that convert CO2 to C2+ products based on lattice‐hydrogen engineering.
Restraining the formation of filter bubbles with algorithmic affordances: Toward more balanced information consumption and decreased attitude extremity
Authors: Jiang Tingting , Sun Zhumo , Fu Shiting 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn combating filter bubbles, an undesirable consequence of personalized recommendations, prior research has focused on improving algorithms to increase the diversity of the content recommended. Following a user‐centered approach firmly grounded in information science, this study is dedicated to optimizing interaction patterns with algorithmic affordances, aiming to augment the diversity of the content consumed and induce favorable attitude changes. A controlled experiment was conducted on a mock personalized recommender system that provided both information and interactivity affordances, exemplified by stance labels and stance‐based filters, respectively. A total of 142 participants were recruited to browse recommendations generated by the system on a specific controversial topic, and the selectivity of their information consumption behavior and the change in their attitude extremity were measured. It was found that both types of affordances were effective in reducing users' behavioral selectivity. While stance labels inhibited the consumption of pro‐attitudinal information, stance‐based filters facilitated the consumption of counter‐attitudinal information. Furthermore, the affordances could immediately mitigate the attitude extremity of those with a higher level of algorithmic literacy. The findings not only enrich the growing body of literature on filter bubbles but also offer valuable implications for the affordance design practices of personalized recommender systems.