bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desarthrodesis and prosthetic reconstruction of the knee after resection of bone tumors
Authors: Ruggieri Pietro , Kasimatis Georgios , Errani Costantino , Bosco Giuseppe , Mercuri Mario 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to review the long‐term results in patients who had undergone modular prosthetic reconstruction of the knee, following a failed arthrodesis performed after the resection of bone tumors.MethodsWe reviewed 16 desarthrodeses and prosthetic reconstructions of the knee following a failed artificial arthrodesis after bone tumor resection. Desarthrodeses and subsequent knee megaprosthesis were performed after breakage of the arthrodesis implant in 11 cases and following presumed eradication of infection in five cases.ResultsThe mean follow‐up was 15.9 years. The mean post‐operative range of knee flexion was 70°, but only four patients had active extension of the knee. Functional results, according to the MSTS system, were satisfactory in 11 patients. Complications included deep infections in five patients, aseptic loosening in three patients, breakage of the joint hinge in one patient, and patellar tendon avulsion in one patient. Despite a high rate of complications, all but two patients were satisfied.ConclusionOur findings indicate that conversion of oncological knee arthrodesis to total knee arthroplasty should be taken into consideration only after giving the patient extensive information about the high risk of serious complications. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:832–837. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD133 mRNA expression and microsatellite instability in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Huh Jung Wook , Park Yeon Sun , Lee Jae Hyuk , Kim Hyeong Rok , Shin Myung Geun , Kim Young Jin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe present study was performed to examine the CD133 expression in colorectal cancer and to analyze its relationship with microsatellite instability (MSI) and the clinicopathological factors, including patient survival.MethodsThe CD133 mRNA levels in 61 primary colorectal adenocarcinomas were analyzed by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, with normalization relative to GAPDH. Five microsatellite markers were analyzed to evaluate MSI.ResultsA CD133 mRNA expression was significantly associated with the depth of invasion (P = 0.017), lymph node involvement (P = 0.012), and lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.019). A CD133 expression was significantly correlated with the MSI status (P = 0.035). With a median follow‐up period of 45 months, the 5‐year disease‐free survival rate of patients with a low CD133 mRNA expression was significantly higher than that of those patients with high levels of CD133 mRNA expression (82.9% and 59.0%, respectively; P = 0.027). However, on the multivariate analysis, a CD133 mRNA expression was not an independent predictor of disease‐free survival.ConclusionsElevated CD133 mRNA levels may represent more aggressive tumor biology and poorer survival in patients with colorectal cancer, correlating with a high level of MSI status. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm these findings. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:765–770. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection limits of intraoperative near infrared imaging for tumor resection
Authors: Thurber Greg M. , Figueiredo Jose‐Luiz , Weissleder Ralph 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe application of fluorescent molecular imaging to surgical oncology is a developing field with the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality. However, the detection thresholds and other requirements for successful intervention remain poorly understood. Here we modeled and experimentally validated depth and size of detection of tumor deposits, trade‐offs in coverage and resolution of areas of interest, and required pharmacokinetics of probes based on differing levels of tumor target presentation.MethodsThree orthotopic tumor models were imaged by widefield epifluorescence and confocal microscopes, and the experimental results were compared with pharmacokinetic models and light scattering simulations to determine detection thresholds.ResultsWidefield epifluorescence imaging can provide sufficient contrast to visualize tumor margins and detect tumor deposits 3–5 mm deep based on labeled monoclonal antibodies at low objective magnification. At higher magnification, surface tumor deposits at cellular resolution are detectable at TBR ratios achieved with highly expressed antigens.ConclusionsA widefield illumination system with the capability for macroscopic surveying and microscopic imaging provides the greatest utility for varying surgical goals. These results have implications for system and agent designs, which ultimately should aid complete resection in most surgical beds and provide real‐time feedback to obtain clean margins. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:758–764. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biosilicification Templated by Amphiphilic Block Copolypeptide Assemblies
Authors: Xia Lin , Liu Yu , Li Zhibo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn amphiphilic poly(L‐lysine·HBr)‐block‐poly(L‐leucine) (KL) diblock copolypeptide and its supramolecular assembly are used as a template to direct silica formation, which proceeds by a cooperative process involving biomimetic mineralization and copolypetide reassembly under ambient conditions. Various silica structures can be obtained by using different counterions, changing the chain length of the KL diblocks, and applying a sol–gel mineralization method. We find that the chain length of the KL diblock is an important factor in terms of controlling biosilica morphologies. We also find that the nature of the counterions strongly affects the resulting silica structures. For the same KL diblock, variation of anions from phosphate to sulfate and to carbonate can produce hexagonal silica platelets, silica rods, and fused silica platelets, respectively. In contrast, application of a sol–gel method can replicate the copolypeptide fibril network morphology in water, while employment of ultrasonication to the sol–gel medium transforms the silica fibrils to rigid silica rods. The resulting silica morphology has been systematically characterized using SEM and TEM, and the polypeptide conformation is explored using FT‐IR and CD spectroscopy. magnified image
Well‐Defined Cyclohexene Oxide Mid‐Chain Functional Polystyrene Macromonomer: Synthesis, Characterization and Photoinitiated Cationic Homo‐ and Copolymerization
Authors: Degirmenci Mustafa , Acikses Aslisah , Genli Nasrettin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this article, we present the results of a study of the preparation of a cyclohexene oxide (CHO) mid‐chain functional macromonomer via ATRP of styrene (St) and epoxidation on work‐up with 3‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid. The ATRP initiator, BrCHBr, was synthesized by the condensation of 3‐cyclohexene‐1,1‐dimethanol with 2‐bromopropanoyl bromide. The ATRP of St with BrCHBr and Cu(I)/bpy yielded well‐defined polystyrene with a cyclohexene mid‐chain group (PStCHPSt). Epoxidation of the PStCHPSt was performed using 3‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid. GPC, IR and 1H NMR analyses revealed that a low polydispersity macromonomer of polystyrene with CHO functionality at the mid‐chain (PStCHOPSt) was obtained. The photoinduced cationic polymerization of PStCHOPSt yielded comb‐shaped and graft copolymers. magnified image
Transparent Polysilsesquioxane Films Obtained from Bridged Ureasil Precursors: Tunable Photoluminescence Emission in the Visible Region and Filtering of UV‐Radiation
Authors: Gómez María L. , Fasce Diana P. , Williams Roberto J.J. , Previtali Carlos M. , Montejano Hernán A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBridged ureasil precursors were synthesized by the reaction of either ethylenediamine (1 mol) or m‐xylylenediamine (1 mol) with isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane (2 mol). Transparent polysilsesquioxane films were obtained by the hydrolytic condensation of the pure precursors or their co‐condensation in a 50:50 molar ratio. Films based on pure ureasil precursors showed a blue photoluminescent emission band assigned to the photoinduced proton‐transfer among H‐bonded urea groups and the subsequent radiative recombination of ionized groups. Films synthesized by the co‐condensation of both precursors exhibited a significant red‐shift of their absorption, excitation, and emission spectra, associated to de‐localization of H‐bonds, and a high absorption of UV‐radiation.magnified image
Nanosized Shape‐Changing Colloids from Liquid Crystalline Elastomers
Authors: Haseloh Sönke , Ohm Christian , Smallwood Fay , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA method to prepare shape‐changing nanospheres from liquid crystalline elastomers is reported. The nanosized colloids are prepared by a miniemulsion process. During this process, colloids are prepared from a liquid crystalline (LC) main‐chain polyester and subsequently crosslinked into a nanometer‐sized LC elastomer. The ability of these LC elastomers to change their shape at the phase transition temperature from the smectic A to the isotropic phase was detected by temperature‐dependent transmission electron microscopy. The phase transition‐induced shape change leads to strongly shape anisotropic nanosized elastomer particles.magnified image
Labeled Nanoparticles Based on Pharmaceutical EUDRAGIT® S 100 Polymers
Authors: Vollrath Antje , Schubert Stephanie , Windhab Norbert , Biskup Christoph , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe pharmaceutically important polymer P(MAA–r–MMA)1:2 (EUDRAGIT® S100) was investigated concerning its behavior to form nanoparticles via nanoprecipitation. The particles obtained were characterized regarding their size, shape, and characteristics using DLS, SEM, and AUC. Furthermore, the P(MAA–r–MMA)1:2 copolymer was modified with different markers in order to achieve polymer‐based nanocarrier systems, which are detectable and may be useful for controlled drug delivery devices to monitor the drug pathways. The particles were labeled by physical entrapment as well as by covalent attachment of various markers, e.g., radicals, fluorescent‐, and near‐infrared dyes, to the polymer. Physical entrapment of radicals into the polymeric units was performed by co‐nanoprecipitation of P(MAA–r–MMA)1:2 and a radical marker. By means of covalent binding of the markers to the polymer, a stable and more defined labeling of the particles was also performed, leading only to a low degree of modification of the pharmaceutical polymer. After nanoprecipitation, the resulting labeled particles were characterized by SEM and DLS, whereas their biocompatibility was proven by in vitro studies. In order to ensure the possibility of detection of the particles inside the body for drug delivery‐, sensor‐, and imaging applications, the polymeric carriers were also investigated by electron spin resonance, fluorescence, as well as near‐infrared spectroscopy. magnified image
A novel phase and frequency navigator for proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy using water‐suppression cycling
Authors: Ernst Thomas , Li Jikun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMagnetic resonance spectroscopy is sensitive to movements, in part, because of motion‐induced phase and frequency variations that lead to incoherent averaging. For in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the unsuppressed or under‐suppressed water signal can be used to restore coherent averaging; however, this approach results in baseline distortions due to the large water peak. Therefore, a novel water‐suppression cycling scheme was developed that alternates between positive and negative residual water signal. Using the residual water signal, the method allows for shot‐to‐shot phase and frequency correction of individual free induction decays and restoration of signal losses due to incoherent averaging, yet near‐complete elimination of residual water. It is demonstrated that the residual water signal can be used to restore metabolite peaks in a brain spectrum from a subject who performed intentional head movements. The ability to correct phase and frequency fluctuations during subject motion is vital for use with adaptive motion correction approaches that ensure proper voxel positioning during head movements. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CAIPIRINHA accelerated SSFP imaging
Authors: Stäb Daniel , Ritter Christian Oliver , Breuer Felix A. , Weng Andreas Max , Hahn Dietbert , Köstler Herbert 
Published: September 2010

AbstractExciting multiple slices at the same time, “controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration” (CAIPIRINHA) and “phase‐offset multiplanar” have shown to be very effective techniques in 2D multislice imaging. Being provided with individual rf phase cycles, the simultaneously excited slices are shifted with respect to each other in the FOV and, thus, can be easily separated. For SSFP sequences, however, similar rf phase cycles are required to maintain the steady state, impeding a straightforward application of phase‐offset multiplanar or controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration. In this work, a new flexible concept for applying the two multislice imaging techniques to SSFP sequences is presented. Linear rf phase cycles are introduced providing both in one, the required shift between the slices and steady state in each slice throughout the whole measurement. Consequently, the concept is also appropriate for real‐time and magnetization prepared imaging. Steady state properties and shifted banding behavior of the new phase cycles were investigated using simulations and phantom experiments. Moreover, the concept was applied to perform whole heart myocardial perfusion SSFP imaging as well as real‐time and cine SSFP imaging with increased coverage. Showing no significant penalties in SNR or image quality, the results successfully demonstrate the general applicability of the concept. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Super‐resolution MRI using microscopic spatial modulation of magnetization
Authors: Ropele Stefan , Ebner Franz , Fazekas Franz , Reishofer Gernot 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new super‐resolution method is presented to overcome limitations of spatial resolution in MRI. In contrast to previous attempts that are based on simple field of view shifts, the new method additionally modulates the longitudinal magnetization within the imaging plane for each shift, allowing the acquisition of new and independent k‐space data. With this approach, resolution improvements in up to three dimensions are possible, and the total acquisition time linearly scales with the improvement factor for each dimension. First super‐resolution experiments in a geometric phantom and in brain tissue of two healthy volunteers clearly demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of this new method, which has the capability to extend current resolution limits in MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved radial GRAPPA calibration for real‐time free‐breathing cardiac imaging
Authors: Seiberlich Nicole , Ehses Philipp , Duerk Jeff , Gilkeson Robert , Griswold Mark 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTo generate real‐time, nongated, free‐breathing cardiac images, the undersampled radial trajectory combined with parallel imaging in the form of radial GRAPPA has shown promise. However, this method starts to fail at high undersampling factors due to the assumptions that must be made for the purposes of calibrating the GRAPPA weight sets. In this manuscript, a novel through‐time radial GRAPPA calibration scheme is proposed which greatly improves image quality for the high acceleration factors required for real‐time cardiac imaging. This through‐time calibration method offers better image quality than standard radial GRAPPA, but it requires many additional calibration frames to be acquired. By combining the through‐time calibration method proposed here with the standard through‐k‐space radial GRAPPA calibration method, images with high acceleration factors can be reconstructed using few calibration frames. Both the through‐time and the hybrid through‐time/through‐k‐space methods are investigated to determine the most advantageous calibration parameters for an R = 6 in vivo short‐axis cardiac image. Once the calibration parameters have been established, they are then used to reconstruct several in vivo real‐time, free‐breathing cardiac datasets with temporal resolutions better than 45 msec, including one with a temporal resolution of 35 msec and an in‐plane resolution of 1.56 mm2. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiofrequency pulses for simultaneous short T2 excitation and long T2 suppression
Authors: Carl Michael , Bydder Mark , Du Jiang , Han Eric 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging of short T2 musculoskeletal tissues such as ligaments, tendon, and cortical bone often requires specialized pulse sequences to detect sufficiently high levels of signal, as well as additional techniques to suppress unwanted long T2 signals. We describe a specialized radiofrequency technique for imaging short T2 tissues based on applying hard 180° radiofrequency excitation pulses to achieve simultaneous short T2 tissue excitation and long T2 tissue signal suppression for three‐dimensional ultrashort echo time applications. A criterion for the pulse duration of the 180° radiofrequency pulses is derived that allows simultaneous water and fat suppression. This opens up possibilities for direct imaging of short T2 tissues, without the need for additional suppression techniques. Bloch simulations and experimental studies on short T2 phantoms and specimen were used to test the sequence performance. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human imaging at 9.4 T using T2*‐, phase‐, and susceptibility‐weighted contrast
Authors: Budde Juliane , Shajan G. , Hoffmann Jens , Uğurbil Kâmil , Pohmann Rolf 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe effect of susceptibility differences on an MR image is known to increase with field strength. Magnetic field inhomogeneities within the voxels influence the apparent transverse relaxation time T2*, while effects due to different precession frequencies between voxels caused by local field variations are evident in the image phase, and susceptibility‐weighted imaging highlights the veins and deep brain structures. Here, these three contrast mechanisms are examined at a field strength of 9.4 T. The T2* maps generated allow the identification of white matter structures not visible in conventional images. Phase images with in‐plane resolutions down to 130 μm were obtained, showing high gray/white matter contrast and allowing the identification of internal cortical structures. The susceptibility‐weighted images yield excellent visibility of small venous structures and attain an in‐plane resolution of 175 μm. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A thermo‐mechanical model for the catastrophic collapse of large landslides
Authors: Cecinato Francesco , Zervos Antonis , Veveakis Emmanuil 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this work, a new thermo‐mechanical model is developed, applicable to large‐scale, deep‐seated landslides consisting of a coherent mass sliding on a thin clayey layer. The considered time window is that of catastrophic acceleration, starting at incipient failure and ending when the acquired displacement and velocity are such that the sliding material begins to break up into pieces. The model accounts for temperature rise in the slip zone due to the heat produced by friction, leading to water expansion, thermoplastic collapse of the soil skeleton, and subsequent increase of pore water pressure. The model incorporates the processes of heat production and diffusion, pore pressure generation and diffusion, and an advanced constitutive law for the thermo‐mechanical behavior of soil. An analysis of the Vajont landslide is presented as an example. A sensitivity analysis shows that friction softening is the mechanism most affecting the timescale of the final collapse of a slide, but also that the mechanism of thermal pressurization alone can cause a comparably catastrophic dynamic evolution. It is also shown that, all other factors being equal, thermo‐mechanical collapse will cause thicker slides to accelerate faster than shallow ones. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal thyroid function at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation and subsequent development of preeclampsia
Authors: Ashoor Ghalia , Maiz Nerea , Rotas Micheal , Kametas Nikos A. , Nicolaides Kypros H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if maternal thyroid function in the first trimester is altered in pregnancies that subsequently develop preeclampsia (PE).MethodsMean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) maternal serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation were measured in 102 singleton pregnancies that subsequently developed PE, and the values were compared to the results of 4318 normal pregnancies.ResultsIn both the PE groups that required delivery before 34 weeks (early‐PE) and the late‐PE group, compared with the unaffected group, the median MAP multiple of the normal median (MoM) and uterine artery PI MoM were significantly increased. In late‐PE but not in early‐PE, compared with the unaffected group, the median TSH MoM was significantly increased and the median FT4 MoM was decreased. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that TSH MoM provided a significant contribution in the prediction of late‐PE.ConclusionImpaired thyroid function may predispose to the development of late‐PE, and measurement of maternal serum TSH can improve the prediction of late‐PE provided by a combination of factors in the maternal history and the measurements of MAP and uterine artery PI. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐8 in cervical fluid in early and mid pregnancy: relation to spontaneous preterm delivery
Authors: Rahkonen Leena , Rutanen Eeva‐Marja , Nuutila Mika , Sainio Susanna , Sorsa Timo , Paavonen Jorma 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) concentrations in cervical fluid in early and mid pregnancy are associated with subsequent preterm delivery (PTD) preceded by premature preterm rupture of membranes (PPROMs) or preterm labour (PTL) with intact membranes.MethodsCervical swab samples were collected from 5180 women in early and mid pregnancy. MMP‐8 was determined by immunofluorometric assay (IFMA). The outcome measure was spontaneous PTD at < 37 weeks' gestation.ResultsThe overall distribution and the median cervical fluid MMP‐8 concentrations in early and mid pregnancy did not differ in women with term delivery and those with subsequent PTD. However, cervical fluid MMP‐8 levels were lower in mid pregnancy in women with PTD preceded by PPROM at < 37 weeks as compared with women who delivered at term and women who had PTD initiated by spontaneous onset of labour (p = 0.016 and p = 0.023, respectively).ConclusionOur data suggest that molecular mechanisms underlying PTL and PPROM differ and MMP‐8 in cervical fluid may reflect different functions of this protease. Due to remarkable overlapping of cervical fluid MMP‐8 values, this molecule may not have clinical applicability as a biomarker in cervical fluid at least among asymptomatic women in early and mid pregnancy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.