bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Möbius Transformations For Global Intrinsic Symmetry Analysis
Authors: Kim Vladimir G. , Lipman Yaron , Chen Xiaobai , Funkhouser Thomas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe goal of our work is to develop an algorithm for automatic and robust detection of global intrinsic symmetries in 3D surface meshes. Our approach is based on two core observations. First, symmetry invariant point sets can be detected robustly using critical points of the Average Geodesic Distance (AGD) function. Second, intrinsic symmetries are self‐isometries of surfaces and as such are contained in the low dimensional group of Möbius transformations. Based on these observations, we propose an algorithm that: 1) generates a set of symmetric points by detecting critical points of the AGD function, 2) enumerates small subsets of those feature points to generate candidate Möbius transformations, and 3) selects among those candidate Möbius transformations the one(s) that best map the surface onto itself. The main advantages of this algorithm stem from the stability of the AGD in predicting potential symmetric point features and the low dimensionality of the Möbius group for enumerating potential self‐mappings. During experiments with a benchmark set of meshes augmented with human‐specified symmetric correspondences, we find that the algorithm is able to find intrinsic symmetries for a wide variety of object types with moderate deviations from perfect symmetry.
Relations and interactions between cranial mesoderm and neural crest populations
Authors: Noden Drew M. , Trainor Paul A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe embryonic head is populated by two robust mesenchymal populations, paraxial mesoderm and neural crest cells. Although the developmental histories of each are distinct and separate, they quickly establish intimate relations that are variably important for the histogenesis and morphogenesis of musculoskeletal components of the calvaria, midface and branchial regions. This review will focus first on the genesis and organization within nascent mesodermal and crest populations, emphasizing interactions that probably initiate or augment the establishment of lineages within each. The principal goal is an analysis of the interactions between crest and mesoderm populations, from their first contacts through their concerted movements into peripheral domains, particularly the branchial arches, and continuing to stages at which both the differentiation and the integrated three‐dimensional assembly of vascular, connective and muscular tissues is evident. Current views on unresolved or contentious issues, including the relevance of head somitomeres, the processes by which crest cells change locations and constancy of cell–cell relations at the crest–mesoderm interface, are addressed.
Growth of the normal skull vault and its alteration in craniosynostosis: insights from human genetics and experimental studies
Authors: Morriss‐Kay Gillian M. , Wilkie Andrew O. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe mammalian skull vault is constructed principally from five bones: the paired frontals and parietals, and the unpaired interparietal. These bones abut at sutures, where most growth of the skull vault takes place. Sutural growth involves maintenance of a population of proliferating osteoprogenitor cells which differentiate into bone matrix‐secreting osteoblasts. Sustained function of the sutures as growth centres is essential for continuous expansion of the skull vault to accommodate the growing brain. Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of the cranial sutures, occurs in 1 in 2500 children and often presents challenging clinical problems. Until a dozen years ago, little was known about the causes of craniosynostosis but the discovery of mutations in theMSX2,FGFR1,FGFR2,FGFR3,TWIST1andEFNB1genes in both syndromic and non‐syndromic cases has led to considerable insights into the aetiology, classification and developmental pathology of these disorders. Investigations of the biological roles of these genes in cranial development and growth have been carried out in normal and mutant mice, elucidating their individual and interdependent roles in normal sutures and in sutures undergoing synostosis. Mouse studies have also revealed a significant correspondence between the neural crest–mesoderm boundary in the early embryonic head and the position of cranial sutures, suggesting roles for tissue interaction in suture formation, including initiation of the signalling system that characterizes the functionally active suture.
Calretinin in the peripheral nervous system of the adult zebrafish
Authors: Levanti M. B. , Montalbano G. , Laurà R. , Ciriaco E. , Cobo T. , García‐Suarez O. , Germanà A. , Vega J. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCalretinin is a calcium‐binding protein found widely distributed in the central nervous system and chemosensory cells of the teleosts, but its presence in the peripheral nervous system of fishes is unknown. In this study we used Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry to investigate the occurrence and distribution of calretinin in the cranial nerve ganglia, dorsal root ganglia, sympathetic ganglia, and enteric nervous system of the adult zebrafish. By Western blotting a unique and specific protein band with an estimated molecular weight of around 30 kDa was detected, and it was identified as calretinin. Immunohistochemistry revealed that calretinin is selectively present in the cytoplasm of the neurons and never in the satellite glial cells. In both sensory and sympathetic ganglia the density of neurons that were immunolabelled, their size and morphology, as well as the intensity of immunostaining developed within the cytoplasm, were heterogeneous. In the enteric nervous system calretinin immunoreactivity was detected in a subset of enteric neurons as well as in a nerve fibre plexus localized inside the muscular layers. The present results demonstrate that in addition to the central nervous system, calretinin is also present in the peripheral nervous system of zebrafish, and contribute to completing the map of the distribution of this protein in the nervous system of teleosts.
Microcephalia with mandibular and dental dysplasia in adult Zmpste24‐deficient mice
Authors: De Carlos F. , Varela I. , Germanà A. , Montalbano G. , Freije J. M. P. , Vega J. A. , López‐Otin C. , Cobo J. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractZMPSTE24 (also called FACE‐1) is a zinc‐metalloprotease involved in the post‐translational processing of prelamin A to mature lamin A, a major component of the nuclear envelope. Mutations in the ZMPSTE24 gene or in that encoding its substrate prelamin A (LMNA) result in a series of human inherited diseases known collectively as laminopathies and showing regional or systemic manifestations (i.e. the Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome). Typically, patients suffering some laminopathies show craniofacial or mandible anomalies, aberrant dentition or facial features characteristic of aged persons. To analyse whether Zmpste24−/– mice reproduce the cranial phenotype observed in humans due to mutations in ZMPSTE24 or LMNA, we conducted a craniometric study based on micro‐computer tomography (µCT) images. Furthermore, using simple radiology, µCT, µCT‐densitometry and scanning electron microscopy, we analysed the mandible and the teeth from Zmpste24−/– mice. Finally, the structure of the lower incisor was investigated using an H&E technique. The results demonstrate that Zmpste24−/– mice are microcephalic and show mandibular and dental dysplasia affecting only the mandible teeth. In all cases, the lower incisor of mice lacking Zmpste24 was smaller than in control animals, showed cylindrical morphology and a transverse fissure at the incisal edge, and the pulpal cavity was severely reduced. Structurally, the dental layers were normally arranged but cellular layers were disorganized. The inferior molars showed a reduced cusp size. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that Zmpste24−/– mice represent a good model to analyse the craniofacial and teeth malformations characteristic of lamin‐related pathologies, and might contribute to a better understanding of the molecular events underlying these diseases.
The telomeric protein SNM1B/Apollo is required for normal cell proliferation and embryonic development
Authors: Akhter Shamima , Lam Yung C. , Chang Sandy , Legerski Randy J. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryConserved metallo β‐Lactamase and β‐CASP (CPSF‐Artemis‐Snm1‐Pso2) domain nuclease family member SNM1B/Apollo is a shelterin‐associated protein that localizes to telomeres through its interaction with TRF2. To study its in vivo role, we generated a knockout of SNM1B/Apollo in a mouse model. Snm1B/Apollo homozygous null mice die at birth with developmental delay and defects in multiple organ systems. Cell proliferation defects were observed in Snm1B/Apollo mutant mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) owing to high levels of telomeric end‐to‐end fusions. Deficiency of the nonhomologous end‐joining (NHEJ) factor Ku70, but not p53, rescued the developmental defects and lethality observed in Snm1B/Apollo mutant mice as well as the impaired proliferation of Snm1B/Apollo‐deficient MEFs. These findings demonstrate that SNM1B/Apollo is required to protect telomeres against NHEJ‐mediated repair, which results in genomic instability and the consequent multi‐organ developmental failure. Although Snm1B/Apollo‐deficient MEFs exhibited high levels of apoptosis, abrogation of p53‐dependent programmed cell death did not rescue the multi‐organ developmental failure in the mice.
Toxic effects of cyclonite (C‐4) plastic explosive ingestion in a dog
Authors: Fishkin Randi A. , Stanley Skye W. , Langston Cathy E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective –To describe the clinical manifestations following cyclonite (C‐4) plastic explosive ingestion in a dog.Case Summary –A 2‐year‐old male castrated Labrador working dog weighing 35 kg was presented for seizures shortly after ingestion of C‐4. The dog was successfully treated for the seizures, but developed polyuria/polydipsia shortly after being discharged and was ultimately diagnosed with chronic kidney disease.New or Unique Information Provided –This is the first documented case of renal insufficiency in a dog after C‐4 intoxication.
The Praxis of Art's Deschooled Practice
Authors: Baldacchino John 
Published: September 2010

AbstractArt's relationship with education is often characterised by paradox. Yet art is often reified within an education system that refuses to see the pedagogical strengths of paradox. This article approaches art education from three positions. The first is that art is a construct that is neither natural nor necessary. The second is that there are no aesthetic or pedagogical imperatives, but that art education is the recognition of groundlessness where paradox facilitates learning. The third approach is to reposition art with regards to its relationship with learning, education and schooling. Here it is argued that art's only choice is to deschool learning. The latter is moved by an underlying dilemma as to whether art, considered as an autonomous human act, could ever engage with systems of learning without being turned into a tool or a thing. Unless art education is deschooled, the teaching and learning of art remains trapped between the assumptions of process and product. So the idea of art and education as shared practices within schooling remains somewhat dubious unless art's practices are recognised in parts perceived as wholes and where conclusions are marked by open‐endedness. No possibilities for art or learning could ever emerge unless a radically different set of conditions give way to a state of affairs where knowledge is a matter to be discovered but never determined, and where a fixed ground is transformed into a wide horizon.
The Relevance of Art Education and the Education of the Nigerian Child: Implications for the Universal Basic Education Policy
Authors: Emeji Michael J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article examines relevant government policy documents on education and culture and discovers that Nigerian education authorities do not ‘discriminate’ against art and culture in its articulation of educational policies per se, but lack of administrative machinery or political will has resulted in the deprivation of the Nigerian child in the process of creative activity in early childhood development. The article argues that lack of creative ability in our educational products is perhaps a major setback in the nation's quest for industrial and technological development. In this article a new art curriculum for elementary schools is. advocated as a means of engaging the young child in order to attain functional educational skills necessary in the world of work.
Taking a Long Look at Art: Reflections on the Production and Consumption of Art in Art Therapy and Allied Organisational Settings
Authors: Gilroy Andrea 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis article draws on experiences of looking at art to consider the influence of social context on the production and consumption of art. I draw on art historical discourses and relate these to looking at art in art therapy and related organisational settings. I suggest that professional socialisation profoundly influences how practitioners look and think about what they see. I propose that attention to tacit knowledge about art, extending practices of looking to include contemporary discourse about audiencing, curating and display, and taking time for a long look at art and at the art made in art therapy and allied settings, can enliven and sustain practitioners' ‘ways of seeing’.
Problems of Interdisciplinarity: Evidence‐Based and/or Artist‐Led Research?
Authors: Mason Rachel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractArt education as a distinct academic discipline is relatively recent and closely related to the growth of specialist teacher qualification programmes in university education departments. Opportunities for art teachers to engage in research were first provided in advanced diploma courses and specialist masters programmes set up in university education departments. Later these were followed by specialist doctoral degrees. Since the majority of such programmes are located in education departments, research training has tended to be social science based. Recently there has been a flurry of publications by art and art education specialists devoted to explaining and extolling the idea of art practice as an alternative paradigm. This article analyses and discusses this development and the status of research in the specialist field, drawing on the author's recent experience of carrying out two systematic reviews of studies in art education. It examines strengths and weaknesses in the two research paradigms and suggests ways forward for improving training in art education research.
Aesthetic Modernism in the Post‐Colony: The Making of a National College of Art in Pakistan (1950–1960s)
Authors: Tarar Nadeem Omar 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWith the formation of Pakistan as a modern Islamic republic in 1947, the institutions of art and design education were transformed under the sway of modernization theories of development. A conceptual and physical infrastructure was put in place to modify existing institutions and to create new ones for encouraging modern art and artists in the country. The 1950s saw major developments taking place in the former Mayo School of Art which was upgraded to the National College of Arts to train designers, artists and architects to meet the requirements of a new nation. The distinction between arts and crafts formed the discourse through which the changes in art education were articulated. The process of change unleashed in art education is emblematic of the changes taking place in the other sectors of economy and culture. The Bauhaus influence which formed the initial impulse to bring artists and craftsmen in the service of national industry gave way to the competing fine art movements in painting resulting in abandoning the synthesis of arts and crafts envisaged in the earlier approaches to art education.
Paint and Pedagogy: Anton Ehrenzweig and the Aesthetics of Art Education
Authors: Williamson Beth 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAnton Ehrenzweig's work training art teachers at Goldsmiths College in London was groundbreaking in its field. The work of the studio fed back into Ehrenzweig's writings through his reflections on teaching and the work produced in end of year shows. In The Hidden Order of Art (1967), he theorised the creative process in psychoanalytic terms and elsewhere likened the task of the art teacher to that of a psychotherapist. In this article I argue that, by taking psychoanalytic art theory into the teaching studio, Ehrenzweig provided a psychic space within which students were freed from convention and encouraged to pursue their own practice.
Commentary: Morrow B, Futter M, Argent A. (2006). Effect of endotracheal suction on lung dynamics in mechanically‐ventilated paediatric patients
Authors: Copnell Beverley 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEndotracheal suctioning is performed regularly in ventilated infants and children to remove obstructive secretions. The effect of suctioning on respiratory mechanics is not known. This study aimed to determine the immediate effect of endotracheal suctioning on dynamic lung compliance, tidal volume and airway resistance in mechanically ventilated paediatric patients by means of a prospective observational clinical study. Lung mechanics were recorded for 5 min before and 5 min after a standardized suctioning procedure in 78 patients intubated with endotracheal tubes of ≤4·0 mm internal diameter. Twenty‐four patients with endotracheal tube leaks ≥20% were excluded from analysis. There was a significant overall decrease in dynamic compliance (p < 0·001) and mechanical expired tidal volume (p = 0·03) following suctioning with no change in the percentage of endotracheal tube leak (p = 0·41). The change in dynamic compliance was directly related to both endotracheal tube and catheter sizes. There was no significant change in expiratory or inspiratory airway resistance following suctioning (p > 0·05). Although most of the patients (68·5%) experienced a drop in dynamic compliance following suctioning, dynamic compliance increased in 31·5% of patients after the procedure. This study demonstrates that endotracheal suctioning frequently causes an immediate drop in dynamic compliance and expired tidal volume in ventilated children with variable lung pathology, intubated with small endotracheal tubes, probably indicating loss of lung volume caused by the suctioning procedure. There is no evidence that suctioning reduces airway resistance. Abstract reprinted from the Australian Journal of Physiotherapy volume 52, Morrow B et al., ‘Effect of endotracheal suction on lung dynamics in mechanically‐ventilated paediatric patients’, pages 121–126. © 2006, reproduced with permission from the Australian Physiotherapy Association.
P–T and structural evolution during exhumation of high‐T, medium‐P basement rocks in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa
Authors: DZIGGEL A. , KNIPFER S. , KISTERS A.F.M. , MEYER F.M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe P–T evolution of amphibolite facies gneisses and associated supracrustal rocks exposed along the northern margin of the Paleo to MesoArchean Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa, has been reconstructed via detailed structural analysis combined with calculated K(Mn)FMASH pseudosections of aluminous felsic schists. The granitoid‐greenstone contact is characterized by a contact‐parallel high‐strain zone that separates the generally low‐grade, greenschist facies greenstone belt from mid‐crustal basement gneisses. The supracrustal rocks in the hangingwall of this contact are metamorphosed to upper greenschist facies conditions. Supracrustal rocks and granitoid gneisses in the footwall of this contact are metamorphosed to sillimanite grade conditions (600–700 °C and 5 ± 1 kbar), corresponding to elevated geothermal gradients of ∼30–40 °C km−1. The most likely setting for these conditions was a mid‐ or lower crust that was invaded and advectively heated by syntectonic granitoids at c. 3230 Ma. Combined structural and petrological data indicate the burial of the rocks to mid‐crustal levels, followed by crustal exhumation related to the late‐ to post‐collisional extension of the granitoid‐greenstone terrane during one progressive deformation event. Exhumation and decompression commenced under amphibolite facies conditions, as indicated by the synkinematic growth of peak metamorphic minerals during extensional shearing. Derived P–T paths indicate near‐isothermal decompression to conditions of ∼500–650 °C and 1–3 kbar, followed by near‐isobaric cooling to temperatures below ∼500 °C. In metabasic rock types, this retrograde P–T evolution resulted in the formation of coronitic Ep‐Qtz and Act‐Qtz symplectites that are interpreted to have replaced peak metamorphic plagioclase and clinopyroxene. The last stages of exhumation are characterized by solid‐state doming of the footwall gneisses and strain localization in contact‐parallel greenschist‐facies mylonites that overprint the decompressed basement rocks.
Multistage metamorphism of the Huangtuling granulite, Northern Dabie Orogen, eastern China: implications for the tectonometamorphic evolution of subducted lower continental crust
Authors: CHEN Y. , YE K. , LIU J.‐B. , SUN M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGranulites from Huangtuling in the North Dabie metamorphic core complex in eastern China preserve rare mineralogical and mineral chemical evidence for multistage metamorphism related to Palaeoproterozoic metamorphic processes, Triassic continental subduction‐collision and Cretaceous collapse of the Dabie Orogen. Six stages of metamorphism are resolved, based on detailed mineralogical and petrological studies: (I) amphibolite facies (6.3–7.0 kbar, 520–550 °C); (II) high‐pressure/high‐temperature granulite facies (12–15.5 kbar, 920–980 °C); (III) cooling and decompression (4.8–6.0 kbar, 630–700 °C); (IV) medium‐pressure granulite facies (7.7–9.0 kbar, 690–790 °C); (V) low‐pressure/high‐temperature granulite facies (4.0–4.7 kbar, 860–920 °C); (VI) retrograde greenschist facies overprint (1–2 kbar, 340–370 °C). The P–T history derived in this study and existing geochronological data indicate that the Huangtuling granulite records two cycles of orogenic crustal thickening events. The earlier three stages of metamorphism define a clockwise P–T path, implying crustal thickening and thinning events, possibly related to the assembly and breakup of the Columbia Supercontinent at c. 2000 Ma. Stage IV metamorphism indicates another crustal thickening event, which is attributed to Triassic subduction/collision between the Yangtze and Sino‐Korean Cratons. The dry lower crustal granulite persisted metastably during the Triassic subduction/collision because of the lack of hydrous fluid and deformation. Stage V metamorphism records the Cretaceous collapse of the Dabie Orogen, possibly due to asthenosphere upwelling or removal of the lithospheric mantle resulting in heating of the granulite and partial melting of the North Dabie metamorphic core complex. Comparison of the Huangtuling granulite in North Dabie and the high‐pressure–ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic rocks in South Dabie indicates that the subducted upper (South Dabie) and lower (North Dabie) continental crusts underwent contrasting tectonometamorphic evolution during continental subduction‐collision and orogenic collapse.