bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scope and adaptive value of modulating aggression over breeding stages in a competitive female bird
Authors: George Elizabeth M , Weber Abigail M , Rosvall Kimberly A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In seasonally breeding animals, the costs and benefits of territorial aggression should vary over time; however, little work thus far has directly examined the scope and adaptive value of individual-level plasticity in aggression across breeding stages. We explore these issues using the tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), a single-brooded bird species in which females compete for limited nesting sites. We measured aggressiveness in nearly 100 females within 3 different stages: (1) shortly after territory-establishment, (2) during incubation, and (3) while caring for young chicks. Based on the timing, direction, and magnitude of behavioral changes between stages, we used k-means clustering to categorize each female’s behavior into a “plasticity type.” We then tested whether plasticity type and stage-specific aggression varied with key performance metrics. About 40% of females decreased aggressiveness across consecutive breeding stages to some degree, consistent with population-level patterns. 33% of females exhibited comparatively little plasticity, with moderate to low levels of aggression in all stages. Finally, 27% of females displayed steep decreases and then increases in aggression between stages; females exhibiting this pattern had significantly lower body mass while parenting, they tended to hatch fewer eggs, and they had the lowest observed overwinter survival rates. Other patterns of among-stage changes in aggressiveness were not associated with performance. These results reveal substantial among-individual variation in behavioral plasticity, which may reflect diverse solutions to trade-offs between current reproduction and future survival.
Imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics contributes to the pathogenesis of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Launay Nathalie , Lopez-Erauskin Jone , Bianchi Patrizia , Guha Sanjib , Parameswaran Janani , Coppa Andrea , Torreni Lorenzo , Schlüter Agatha , Fourcade Stéphane , Paredes-Fuentes Abraham J , Artuch Rafael , Casasnovas Carlos , Ruiz Montserrat , Pujol Aurora 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe peroxisomal disease adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is caused by loss of the transporter of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), ABCD1. An excess of VLCFAs disrupts essential homeostatic functions crucial for axonal maintenance, including redox metabolism, glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. As mitochondrial function and morphology are intertwined, we set out to investigate the role of mitochondrial dynamics in X-ALD models.Using quantitative 3D transmission electron microscopy, we revealed mitochondrial fragmentation in corticospinal axons in Abcd1− mice. In patient fibroblasts, an excess of VLCFAs triggers mitochondrial fragmentation through the redox-dependent phosphorylation of DRP1 (DRP1S616). The blockade of DRP1-driven fission by the peptide P110 effectively preserved mitochondrial morphology. Furthermore, mRNA inhibition of DRP1 not only prevented mitochondrial fragmentation but also protected axonal health in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of X-ALD, underscoring DRP1 as a potential therapeutic target.Elevated levels of circulating cell-free mtDNA in patients’ CSF align this leukodystrophy with primary mitochondrial disorders. Our findings underscore the intricate interplay between peroxisomal dysfunction, mitochondrial dynamics and axonal integrity in X-ALD, shedding light on potential avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Skin fragility and wound management in Ehlers–Danlos syndromes: a report by the International Consortium on Ehlers–Danlos Syndromes and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders Skin Working Group
Authors: Angwin Chloe , Doolan Brent J , Hausser Ingrid , Labine Barry , Lavallee Mark , Mackay Donald , Pope F Michael , Seneviratne Suranjith L , Winship Ingrid , Burrows Nigel P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDSs) are a heterogeneous group of heritable connective tissue disorders characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility and generalized tissue fragility. In all types of EDS, skin wound healing is impaired to a variable degree. Additional support through wound management plans may help to improve these outcomes; however, there is a paucity of evidence regarding clinical management of skin fragility and wounds in EDS. This paper aims to review current evidence and provide recommendations for management of skin wounds in EDS types. Preventative measures to avoid skin injury are strongly recommended, including avoidance of high-impact sports and use of appropriate protection such as shin guards. Bruising is common, and some types of EDS are associated with haematoma formation, with management including compression bandages and consideration of pharmacological therapy. Skin fragility and tears should be managed with a focus on protection of remaining tissue, avoidance of wound tension and low-adherence dressings to avoid further injury. This paper provides clear recommendations to address skin management for this group of patients. It highlights the lack of good-quality published data to support treatment decisions.
Unprecedented guidewire entrapment salvaged by combined rotational atherectomy and ‘Twist-wire’ technique: a case report
Authors: Wong Siu-Fung , Chow Hiu-Cheong , Chung Tak-Shun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Coronary guidewire entrapment is not an uncommon complication of percutaneous coronary intervention, especially in the setting of complex coronary anatomy. Core wire fracture with uncoiling of spring wire represents a catastrophic complication, posing great technical difficulty in percutaneous retrieval.

Case summary
The patient was a 50-year-old Asian male with ischaemic cardiomyopathy and severe left ventricular impairment. Coronary angiography showed severe left main and triple-vessel disease. Coronary artery bypass graft was declined due to high surgical risk. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed under mechanical circulatory support. However, it was complicated with guidewire entrapment and unravelling with deformity of the newly implanted stent in the left anterior descending artery. The complication was successfully bailed out by rotational atherectomy and the novel intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and enhanced stent visualization (ESV) system guided ‘Twist-wire’ technique. Complete wire fragments retrieval was achieved with excellent final angiographic and IVUS results immediately after procedure and at 4-month follow-up angiography.

Discussion
This case represents a rare phenomenon of branch point protrusion of stent causing guidewire-stent edge entanglement. A novel ‘Twist-wire’ technique with IVUS and ESV guidance was highlighted to allow successful retrieval of fluoroscopically invisible uncoiled wire filaments.
Patterns of genomic variation reveal a single evolutionary origin of the wild allotetraploid Mimulus sookensis
Authors: Whitener Makenzie R , Mangelson Hayley , Sweigart Andrea L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Polyploidy occurs across the tree of life and is especially common in plants. Because newly formed cytotypes are often incompatible with their progenitors, polyploidy is also said to trigger “instantaneous” speciation. If a polyploid can self-fertilize or reproduce asexually, it is even possible for one individual to produce an entirely new lineage, but how often this scenario occurs is unclear. Here, we investigate the evolutionary history of the wild allotetraploid Mimulus sookensis, which was formed through hybridization between self-compatible, diploid species in the Mimulus guttatus complex. We generate a chromosome-scale reference assembly for M. sookensis and define its distinct subgenomes. Despite previous reports suggesting multiple origins of this highly selfing polyploid, we discover patterns of population genomic variation that provide unambiguous support for a single origin. One M. sookensis subgenome is clearly derived from the selfer Mimulus nasutus, which organellar variation suggests is the maternal progenitor. The ancestor of the other subgenome is less certain, but it shares variation with both Mimulus decorus and M. guttatus, two outcrossing diploids with geographic ranges that overlap broadly with M. sookensis. This study establishes M. sookensis as an example of instantaneous speciation, likely facilitated by the polyploid’s predisposition to self-fertilize.
Apolipoprotein ɛ4 Is Associated With Increased Risk of Fall- and Fracture-Related Hospitalization: The Perth Longitudinal Study of Ageing Women
Authors: Pratt Jedd , Dalla Via Jack , Sale Craig , Gebre Abadi K , Stephan Blossom C M , Laws Simon , Zhu Kun , Lim Wai H , Prince Richard L , Lewis Joshua R , Sim Marc 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Apolipoprotein ɛ4 (APOE ɛ4) may be a genetic risk factor for reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle function, which could have implications for fall and fracture risk. We examined the association between APOE ɛ4 status and long-term fall- and fracture-related hospitalization risk in older women. A total of 1 276 community-dwelling women from the Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging Women (mean age ± SD = 75.2 ± 2.7 years) were included. At baseline, women underwent APOE genotyping and detailed phenotyping for covariates including prevalent falls and fractures, as well as health and lifestyle factors. The association between APOE ɛ4 and fall-, any fracture-, and hip fracture-related hospitalizations, obtained over 14.5 years from linked health records, was examined using multivariable-adjusted Cox-proportional hazard models. Over 14.5 years, 507 (39.7%) women experienced a fall-related hospitalization and 360 (28.2%) women experienced a fracture-related hospitalization, including 143 (11.2%) attributed to a hip fracture. In multivariable-adjusted models, compared to noncarriers, APOE ɛ4 carriers (n = 297, 23.3%) had greater risk for a fall- (hazard ratio [HR] 1.48, 95% CI: 1.22–1.81), fracture- (HR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01–1.63), or hip fracture-related hospitalization (HR 1.83, 95% CI: 1.29–2.61). The estimates remained similar when specific fall and fracture risk factors (fear of falling, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D, grip strength, timed up-and-go, hip BMD, vitamin K status, prevalent diabetes, HbA1c, cholesterol, and abbreviated mental test score) were added to the multivariable model. In conclusion, APOE ɛ4 is a potential risk factor for fall- and fracture-related hospitalization in community-dwelling older women. Screening for APOE ɛ4 could provide clinicians an opportunity to direct higher-risk individuals to appropriate intervention strategies.
The Importance of Including Long COVID Outcomes When Developing Novel Treatments for Acute COVID-19
Authors: Connor Chloe , Taylor Holly A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Amid efforts to develop effective treatments for acute COVID-19, there is growing recognition of the need to address long COVID as a key outcome measure. We argue there are 7 compelling reasons to include long COVID measurements in clincal trials investigating acute COVID-19 treatments: (1) Long COVID is not rare. (2) Long COVID is debilitating to individuals and has a high societal cost. (3) Those at high risk of severe COVID-19 are also at higher risk of developing long COVID if they are infected with COVID-19. (4) Treatments for acute COVID-19 may reduce the risk of long COVID. (5) Measures exist to track long COVID. (6) Long COVID considerations are potentially important for acute COVID-19 treatment decision making. (7) Deaths and hospitalizations due to COVID-19 are increasingly rare. While not every trial needs to include assessments of long COVID, it is worth the research burden to include assessments where possible, as this could facilitate the uptake of acute COVID-19 treatments that lessen the societal burden of long COVID.
Intermittent water stress favors microbial traits that better help wheat under drought
Authors: Schmidt Ruth Lydia , Azarbad Hamed , Bainard Luke , Tremblay Julien , Yergeau Etienne 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Microorganisms can improve plant resistance to drought through various mechanisms, such as the production of plant hormones, osmolytes, antioxidants, and exopolysaccharides. It is, however, unclear how previous exposure to water stress affects the functional capacity of the soil microbial community to help plants resist drought. We compared two soils that had either a continuous or intermittent water stress history (WSH) for almost 40 years. We grew wheat in these soils and subjected it to water stress, after which we collected the rhizosphere soil and shotgun sequenced its metagenome. Wheat growing in soil with an intermittent WSH maintained a higher biomass when subjected to water stress. Genes related to indole-acetic acid and osmolyte production were more abundant in the metagenome of the soil with an intermittent WSH as compared to the soil with a continuous WSH. We suggest that an intermittent WSH selects traits beneficial for life under water stress.
What AI Thinks About Sustainability
Authors: Fischer Isabel , Chhaparia Priyanka , Arora Bimal , Preuss Lutz , Ako-Adounvo Marie-Dolores 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
While generative AI tools are good at replicating patterns to generate text, fully replicating human reasoning around sustainability is a whole other ball game. A team of five academic writers have their say.
Evaluating the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of three synthetic antimicrobial Citropin analogs and their ability to fight against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Authors: Salvado Matheus Gomes , André Lialyz Soares Pereira , Pereira Renata Freire Alves , Pinheiro Felipe Ramos , Barbosa Beatriz das Chagas , Scaffo Julia Chaves , Pereira Aramis José , Arakaki Daniela Granja , Xing Huihua , de Oliveira Kelly Mari Pires , de Andrade dos Santos João Víctor , Sachs Daniela , Aguiar-Alves Fabio , Conda-Sheridan Martin , Penna Bruno 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
We developed three new analogs of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) Citropin 1.1: DAN-1–13, AJP-1–1, and HHX-2–28, and tested their potential antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against Staphylococcus aureus and S. pseudintermedius. Potential cytotoxic or hemolytic effects were determined using cultured human keratinocytes and erythrocytes to determine their safety.

Methods and results
To assess the antimicrobial activity of each compound, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible strains of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius. Activity against newly formed and mature biofilms was determined in two clinical isolates using spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All three compounds exhibited antimicrobial and bactericidal activity against all studied S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius strains, with MICs ranging from 4–32 μg ml−1 and MBCs ranging from 8–128 μg ml−1. Subinhibitory concentrations of all compounds also showed ant-biofilm activity in the two tested isolates. All compounds exhibited limited cytotoxic and hemolytic activity.

Conclusions
Novel analogs of Citropin 1.1 exhibit antimicrobial and bactericidal activities against S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius isolates and inhibit the biofilm formation of these bacteria.
Deaf/hard of hearing students’ experiences with higher education’s real-time captioning services
Authors: Jolly Aaron J , Macfarlane Cassidy E , Barker Brittan A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Real-time captions appear to be an effective tool in assisting deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) college students’ access information and communication in certain classroom settings. However, there is limited knowledge of DHH students’ direct experiences with real-time captioning services. In this study, we gathered narratives from 15 DHH college students across the United States about their experiences with real-time captioning services in college. We analyzed the stories using thematic narrative analysis and uncovered 4 types that students told about their experiences. The story types were (a) stories of overcoming obstacles, (b) stories of resignation, (c) pragmatic stories, and (d) stories of personal connection. These story types reveal that although many students eventually experience effective communication access through real-time captioning services, they can initially struggle to overcome barriers to using the services successfully. Making time and space to listen to DHH students’ narratives can teach educators and professionals how to support these students and resolve barriers before they arise.
Impact of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on maize yield in humid tropical zones of Central Africa
Authors: Agbodzavu Komi Mawufe , Nanga Nanga Samuel , Abang Albert Fomumbod , Fotso-Kuate Apollin , Bamba Zoumana , Masso Cargele , Fiaboe Komi Kouma Mokpokpo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, became the most important maize pest in Africa in 2016, with management based on chemical pesticides. High yield losses across the continent were predicted based on farmers’ perceptions, but existing agroecological differences were not considered. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, experiments were conducted to assess fall armyworm damage and yield losses in maize farms with and without treatment. The study included 2 seasons in the Kipopo wetland in 2020 and 2021, one rainy season in Kanyameshi in 2021, 2 rainy seasons in Mulungu in 2020 and 2021, and one season in a wetland on the Bishibiru site in 2020. In addition, the research was also conducted at 4 sites in Cameroon from September to December 2020 and from March to July 2021. High levels of damage incidences were recorded, but the density of larvae per plant was low, with low to moderate levels of damage severities in different seasons and sites. Treatment significantly reduced the number of fall armyworm larvae and their damage severity. However, the high infestation levels did not significantly reduce yield. Cost–benefit ratios were either negative or, in most cases, less than 1. In the best case, the use of pesticides only allowed the recovery of the amount used for the intervention. We discussed the implications of these findings for fall armyworm management in humid tropical agroecology.
Protection and Assistance to the Family: Interpreting and Applying Article 10 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights from Learnt and Lived Experiences
Authors: Casla Koldo , Barker Lyle 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article conceptualizes and operationalizes the right to protection and assistance to the family (Article 10 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) in relation to child protection services in England and the removal of children from birth families that are deemed to pose a risk to them. It identifies the differences between the social right to protection and assistance to the family and the more commonly known civil right to private and family life. The article merges doctrinal analysis of international human rights law with a peer-led methodology of socio-legal research reliant on issue prioritization and observations from social workers, families in poverty—primarily mothers—and young people who have experience of the care system. The process aims to respect all different forms of knowledge and to challenge the epistemic injustices that result from the systematic silencing of people in poverty. Besides this epistemic value, lived experience can illuminate the academic and practitioner understanding of the main problems facing people in poverty. In particular, in relation to the right to protection and assistance to the family, lived experience can shed light on the human impact of prejudice and the lack of adequate material support.
Right to Food Cities: the Role of Local Governments in the Fight against Hunger
Authors: Morris Katie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The state-centric nature of international law has been recognized as a severe barrier to the realization of human rights since the outset and remains a concern today across the globe. However, the dominant space the state has historically occupied within the field as duty-bearer, deemed almost exclusively responsible for citizens’ enjoyment of rights, faces a small yet by no means insignificant challenge in the form of human rights cities. While there is a rich literature surrounding municipalities whose local governments embrace non-discrimination, participatory democracy and other human rights principles, a distinct, yet equally fascinating development is the trend in cities who have committed to the furtherance of a singular right. One such phenomenon which has yet to receive significant attention within the academy is the rise in right to food cities in the UK, referring to those which have joined the campaign for domestic recognition of the right. In light of the UK government’s deep-seated resistance to the right, this article explores the advent of right to food cities/municipalities and their potential as an alternative means of targeting hunger and food insecurity within the state. While it is recognized that each individual initiative may only have a localized impact, it is argued that their collective force should not be dismissed at this early stage—their calls for change are only likely to increase in fervour as the effects of the cost-of-living crisis upon the population worsen.
Immunotherapy in Alzheimer’s disease: focusing on the efficacy of gantenerumab on amyloid-β clearance and cognitive decline
Authors: Azargoonjahromi Ali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Gantenerumab, a human monoclonal antibody (mAb), has been thought of as a potential agent to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by specifically targeting regions of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide sequence. Aβ protein accumulation in the brain leads to amyloid plaques, causing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal damage, and neurotransmitter dysfunction, thereby causing cognitive decline in AD. Gantenerumab involves disrupting Aβ aggregation and promoting the breakdown of larger Aβ aggregates into smaller fragments, which facilitates the action of Aβ-degrading enzymes in the brain, thus slowing down the progression of AD. Moreover, Gantenerumab acts as an opsonin, coating Aβ plaques and enhancing their recognition by immune cells, which, combined with its ability to improve the activity of microglia, makes it an intriguing candidate for promoting Aβ plaque clearance. Indeed, the multifaceted effects of Gantenerumab, including Aβ disaggregation, enhanced immune recognition, and improved microglia activity, may position it as a promising therapeutic approach for AD. Of note, reports suggest that Gantenerumab, albeit its capacity to reduce or eliminate Aβ, has not demonstrated effectiveness in reducing cognitive decline. This review, after providing an overview of immunotherapy approaches that target Aβ in AD, explores the efficacy of Gantenerumab in reducing Aβ levels and cognitive decline.