bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Reusable Interface Constructed by 3‐Aminophenylboronic Acid‐Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Cell Capture, Release, and Cytosensing
Authors: Zhong Xue , Bai Hai‐Jing , Xu Jing‐Juan , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Zhu Yu‐Hua 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA newly developed electrochemical cell sensor for the determination of K562 leukemia cells using 3‐aminophenylboronic acid (APBA)‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) films is demonstrated. The films are generated by the covalent coupling between the NH2 groups in APBA and the COOH group in the acid‐oxidized MWCNTs. As a result of the sugar‐specific affinity interactions, the K562 leukemia cells are firmly bound to the APBA‐functionalized MWCNTs film via boronic acid groups. Compared to electropolymerized APBA films, the presence of MWCNTs not only provides abundant boronic acid domains for cell capture, their high electrical conductivity also makes the film suitable for electrochemical sensing applications. The resulting modified electrodes are tested as cell detection sensors. This work presents a promising platform for effective cell capture and constructing reusable cytosensors.
Molecular Mimetic Self‐Assembly of Colloidal Particles
Authors: Mao Zhengwei , Xu Haolan , Wang Dayang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article presents an overview of the current progress in molecular mimetic self‐assembly of colloidal particles. Firstly, the recent study of colloidal particles at interfaces is highlighted, underlining the mesoscopic mimicry of the surface activity of amphiphilic molecules using colloidal particles. Secondly, various strategies developed thus far to impart colloidal particles with anisotropy in terms of chemical composition, surface chemistry and particle morphology, which are regarded as mesoscopic atoms and molecules, are reviewed. Thirdly, an overview of the current theoretical and experimental results of using the rules of molecular synthesis and self‐assembly to direct self‐assembly of colloidal particles is presented. Finally, the experimental challenges associated with molecular mimetic self‐assembly of colloidal particles are outlined, giving a rather conservative conclusion of the status quo of this new research field with a very optimistic outlook.
Synthesis of Magnetic, Up‐Conversion Luminescent, and Mesoporous Core–Shell‐Structured Nanocomposites as Drug Carriers
Authors: Gai Shili , Yang Piaoping , Li Chunxia , Wang Wenxin , Dai Yunlu , Niu Na , Lin Jun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe synthesis (by a facile two‐step sol–gel process), characterization, and application in controlled drug release is reported for monodisperse core–shell‐structured Fe3O4@nSiO2@mSiO2@NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+/Tm3+ nanocomposites with mesoporous, up‐conversion luminescent, and magnetic properties. The nanocomposites show typical ordered mesoporous characteristics and a monodisperse spherical morphology with narrow size distribution (around 80 nm). In addition, they exhibit high magnetization (38.0 emu g−1, thus it is possible for drug targeting under a foreign magnetic field) and unique up‐conversion emission (green for Yb3+/Er3+ and blue for Yb3+/Tm3+) under 980 nm laser excitation even after loading with drug molecules. Drug release tests suggest that the multifunctional nanocomposites have a controlled drug release property. Interestingly, the up‐conversion emission intensity of the multifunctional carrier increases with the released amount of model drug, thus allowing the release process to be monitored and tracked by the change of photoluminescence intensity. This composite can act as a multifunctional drug carrier system, which can realize the targeting and monitoring of drugs simultaneously.
Copper‐Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Oxidative CH Bond Amidation of 2‐Arylpyridine Derivatives and 1‐Methylindoles
Authors: Shuai Qi , Deng Guojun , Chua Zhijie , Bohle D. Scott , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCopper(I) bromide‐catalyzed amidation of 2‐arylpyridine derivatives and 1‐methylindoles with a variety of amides was achieved by employing tert‐butyl peroxide (TBP) as oxidant. Aryl halides could be tolerated under the reaction conditions. Neither a special ligand nor a base was required for this amidation process.
Cutting Long Syntheses Short: Access to Non‐Natural Tyrosine Derivatives Employing an Engineered Tyrosine Phenol Lyase
Authors: Seisser Birgit , Zinkl René , Gruber Karl , Kaufmann Franz , Hafner Andreas , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe chemical synthesis of 3‐substituted tyrosine derivatives requires a minimum of four steps to access optically enriched material starting from commercial precursors. Attempting to short‐cut the cumbersome chemical synthesis of 3‐substituted tyrosine derivatives, a single step biocatalytic approach was identified employing the tyrosine phenol lyase from Citrobacter freundii. The enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of tyrosine to phenol, pyruvate and ammonium as well as the reverse reaction, thus the formation of tyrosine from phenol, pyruvate and ammonium. Since the wild‐type enzyme possessed a very narrow substrate spectrum, structure‐guided, site‐directed mutagenesis was required to change the substrate specificity of this CC bond forming enzyme. The best variant M379V transformed, for example, o‐cresol, o‐methoxyphenol and o‐chlorophenol efficiently to the corresponding tyrosine derivatives without any detectable side‐product. In contrast, all three phenol compounds were non‐substrates for the wild‐type enzyme. Employing the mutant, various L‐tyrosine derivatives (3‐Me, 3‐OMe, 3‐F, 3‐Cl) were obtained with complete conversion and excellent enantiomeric excess (>97%) in just a single ‘green’ step starting from pyruvate and commercially available phenol derivatives.
Highly Efficient Ligands for the Palladium‐Assisted Double N‐Arylation of Primary Amines for One‐Sep Construction of Carbazoles
Authors: Zhou Yibo , Verkade John G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA highly efficient one‐pot synthesis of carbazoles via palladium‐catalyzed double N‐arylation of primary amines with 2,2′‐dihalobiphenyls is described using a catalyst system comprised of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2dba3) and the proazaphosphatrane P(i‐BuNCH2CH2)3N (8) or its derivative (t‐Bu)2PNP(i‐BuNCH2CH2)3N (9a) as the ligand. The process is effective for double N‐arylation of 2,2′‐biphenyl dibromide, diiodide, and even dichloride with a variety of primary amines including neutral, electron‐rich, electron‐deficient, and sterically hindered anilines as well as aliphatic amines.
Divergent Reactivity of 2‐Azetidinone‐Tethered Allenols with Electrophilic Reagents: Controlled Ring Expansion versus Spirocyclization
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Luna Amparo , Torres M. Rosario 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA dual reactivity of 2‐azetidinone‐tethered allenols may occur by judicious choice of the electrophilic reagents, namely halogenating versus selenating reagents. Using common substrates, structurally different compounds, namely tetramic acids (from N‐bromosuccinimide) or spirocyclic seleno‐β‐lactams (from N‐phenylselenophthalimide), can be readily synthesized by these divergent protocols.
Protonierung oder Alkylierung? Stereoselektive Brønsted‐Säure‐katalysierte C‐C‐Verknüpfungen mit Diazoalkanen
Authors: Johnston Jeffrey N. , Muchalski Hubert , Troyer Timothy L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren wurden neue Aktivierungsmöglichkeiten für Diazoalkane entdeckt und bereits umfangreich angewendet. Mit chiralen und achiralen Brønsted‐Säuren als Katalysatoren gelangen Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐ und Kohlenstoff‐Heteroatom‐Verknüpfungen mit einer zunehmenden Zahl von Diazoalkan‐Derivaten. Auf diesem Weg lassen sich sehr einfach in struktureller und stereochemischer Hinsicht komplizierte Verbindungen erhalten. Außerdem wird auch die konkurrierende Protonierung der Diazoverbindung umgangen – eine Reaktion, die seit langem zur effizienten Veresterung von Carbonsäuren genutzt wird. Achirale Brønsted‐Säuren als Katalysatoren erreichen hohe Diastereoselektivitäten, und chirale Brønsted‐Säuren führen zu den gewünschten Produkten mit sowohl hoher Diastereo‐ als auch Enantioselektivität. Seit einiger Zeit gibt es auch Systeme zur Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐Verknüpfung, die eine Brønsted‐Säure mit einer Lewis‐Säure oder einer Übergangsmetallverbindung kombinieren.
The anatomy of anatomy: A review for its modernization
Authors: Sugand Kapil , Abrahams Peter , Khurana Ashish 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAnatomy has historically been a cornerstone in medical education regardless of nation or specialty. Until recently, dissection and didactic lectures were its sole pedagogy. Teaching methodology has been revolutionized with more reliance on models, imaging, simulation, and the Internet to further consolidate and enhance the learning experience. Moreover, modern medical curricula are giving less importance to anatomy education and to the acknowledged value of dissection. Universities have even abandoned dissection completely in favor of user‐friendly multimedia, alternative teaching approaches, and newly defined priorities in clinical practice. Anatomy curriculum is undergoing international reformation but the current framework lacks uniformity among institutions. Optimal learning content can be categorized into the following modalities: (1) dissection/prosection, (2) interactive multimedia, (3) procedural anatomy, (4) surface and clinical anatomy, and (5) imaging. The importance of multimodal teaching, with examples suggested in this article, has been widely recognized and assessed. Nevertheless, there are still ongoing limitations in anatomy teaching. Substantial problems consist of diminished allotted dissection time and the number of qualified anatomy instructors, which will eventually deteriorate the quality of education. Alternative resources and strategies are discussed in an attempt to tackle these genuine concerns. The challenges are to reinstate more effective teaching and learning tools while maintaining the beneficial values of orthodox dissection. The UK has a reputable medical education but its quality could be improved by observing international frameworks. The heavy penalty of not concentrating on sufficient anatomy education will inevitably lead to incompetent anatomists and healthcare professionals, leaving patients to face dire repercussions. Anat Sci Educ 3: 83–93, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Vielfalt der Wissenschaften bei Carnap, Lewin und Fleck. Zur Entwicklung eines pluralen Wissenschaftskonzepts
Authors: Köchy Kristian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Diversity of Science in Carnap's, Lewin's and Fleck's Philosophy: Toward a Pluralistic Point of View. In the 1920s and 1930s three different but simultaneous approaches of philosophy of science can be distinguished: the logical approach of the physicist Rudolf Carnap, the logico‐historical approach of the psychologist Kurt Lewin and the socio‐historical approach of the medical scientist Ludwik Fleck. While the philosophies of Lewin and Fleck can be characterized as contextual appraisals which account for the interactions between particular sciences and their historical, socio‐cultural or intellectual environments, Carnap's philosophy is narrowed to an internal methodology centered on scientific propositions and logical structures in general. In addition to these differences in aim and practice of methodological analysis the estimation of the real disunity and diversity of the special branches of science differs. Instead of Carnap's ideal of a unified science from the new pluralistic point of view the evaluation of the empirical multiplicity of particular sciences obtains philosophical acceptance.
Validation of 3D simulations of reverse osmosis membrane biofouling
Authors: Pintelon Thomas R.R. , Creber Sarah A. , von der Schulenburg Daniel A. Graf , Johns Michael L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe increasing demand for drinking water and its stricter quality requirements have resulted in an exponentially expanding industry of membrane filtration processes. Currently, reverse osmosis (RO) is the most common method of desalination, able to produce water that is virtually free of pollutants and pathogenic micro‐organisms. Biofouling of these devices however is a significant limitation. Here we present a 3D simulation of RO membrane biofouling based on a lattice Boltzmann (LB) platform that we subsequently favorably compare with experimental data. This data consists of temporally (and spatially) resolved velocity measurements acquired for a RO membrane using magnetic resonance techniques. The effect of biofilm cohesive strength on system pressure drop is then explored; weaker biomass is observed to have a reduced impact on pressure drop (per unit biomass accumulated). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;106: 677–689. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic and therapeutic role of water-soluble contrast agent in adhesive small bowel obstruction
Authors: Branco B C , Barmparas G , Schnüriger B , Inaba K , Chan L S , Demetriades D 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
This meta-analysis assessed the diagnostic and therapeutic role of water-soluble contrast agent (WSCA) in adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO).

Methods
PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched systematically. The primary outcome in the diagnostic role of WSCA was its ability to predict the need for surgery. In the therapeutic role, the following were evaluated: resolution of SBO without surgery, time from admission to resolution, duration of hospital stay, complications and mortality. To assess the diagnostic role of WSCA, pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios were derived. For the therapeutic role of WSCA, weighted odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) were obtained.

Results
Fourteen prospective studies were included. The appearance of contrast in the colon within 4–24 h after administration had a sensitivity of 96 per cent and specificity of 98 per cent in predicting resolution of SBO. WSCA administration was effective in reducing the need for surgery (OR 0·62; P = 0·007) and shortening hospital stay (WMD −1·87 days; P &lt; 0·001) compared with conventional treatment.

Conclusion
Water-soluble contrast was effective in predicting the need for surgery in patients with adhesive SBO. In addition, it reduced the need for operation and shortened hospital stay.
Effects of n‐Hexadecane Concentration and a Two‐Stage Oxygen Supply Control Strategy on Arachidonic Acid Production by Mortierella Alpina ME‐1
Authors: Peng C. , Huang H. , Ji X. , Liu X. , Ren L. , Yu W. , You J. , Lu J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is one of the most important factors affecting microbial cell growth and metabolite formation. In this study, a novel two‐stage oxygen supply control strategy was applied to enhance oxygen transfer and promote the ability of arachidonic acid production by Mortierella alpina ME‐1. Based on process analysis, a two‐stage oxygen supply control strategy was proposed in arachidonic acid production in which n‐hexadecane was added as an oxygen vector with a final concentration of 4 % at the first of cultivation, the agitation speed was controlled at 180 rpm in the first 96 h, and then switched to 100 rpm. This strategy was experimentally proven to be successful in arachidonic acid fermentation, relatively high arachidonic acid production (15.9 g/L) and dry cell weight (42.5 g/L) was achieved by applying this strategy. The arachidonic acid productivity (2.27 g/L/d) was also successfully improved by 50.3 % and 28.9 %, respectively, compared with fermentations in which agitation speed was kept constant at 180 rpm and under a two‐stage agitation speed control strategy.
Activated Carbon Adsorbent for the Aqueous Phase Adsorption of Amoxicillin in a Fixed Bed
Authors: Ornelas N. J. R. , Aguiar C. R. , Moraes S. M. O. , Adriano W. S. , Gonçalves L. R. B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEquilibrium constant and mass transfer parameters are needed for the study of amoxicillin separation in any process involving adsorption in fixed beds. In this work, the adsorption of amoxicillin and 6‐aminopenillanic acid in aqueous solution on activated carbon were studied using static adsorption tests. The adsorption capacity was found to be strongly dependent on the pH of the aqueous phase. The adsorption constants, overall mass transfer coefficients, and axial dispersion coefficients for amoxicillin and 6‐aminopenillanic acid were determined, by moment analysis, from a series of step tests in a fixed bed packed with activated carbon. The total bed voidage and axial dispersion coefficient were estimated from blue dextran pulse test data at different flow rates. The results show that adsorption intensity increased with increasing temperature. Furthermore, the increasing trend of HETP with velocity suggests that axial dispersion and mass transfer resistance control the column efficiency.
CVD Elaboration of Nanostructured TiO2‐Ag Thin Films with Efficient Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Mungkalasiri Jitti , Bedel Laurent , Emieux Fabrice , Doré Jeanne , Renaud François N. R. , Sarantopoulos Christos , Maury Francis 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNanostructured TiO2‐Ag composite coatings are deposited by direct liquid injection metal‐organic (DLI‐MO) CVD at 683 K in a one‐step process. Silver pivalate (AgPiv) and titanium tetra‐iso‐propoxide (TTIP) are used as Ag and Ti molecular precursors, respectively. Metallic silver nanoparticles are co‐deposited with anatase TiO2 on stainless steel, glass, and silicon wafers. The silver particles are uniformly embedded in the oxide matrix through the entire film thickness. The influence of the growth conditions, including injection parameters, is investigated on the chemical, physical, and structural characteristics of the coatings as well as on their anti‐bacterial activities. The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is employed for anti‐bacterial tests. The films are bactericidal, according to the JIS Z 2801 standard test performed in the dark, when they contain less than 1 at.‐% of silver. Under UV irradiation they exhibit a photocatalytic activity which decays by increasing the silver content. As a result of this dual functionality, the TiO2‐Ag nanocomposite coatings show promising potentialities as long‐term anti‐bacterial surfaces since self‐cleaning can be achieved periodically under UV light in order to maintain an efficient anti‐bacterial activity in the dark or in visible light.
Tunable Conformality of Polymer Coatings on High Aspect Ratio Features
Authors: Ozaydin‐Ince Gozde , Gleason Karen K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this work we demonstrate that the concentration of vinyl bonds present in monomers adsorbed onto the surface determines the degree of conformality achieved by polymeric films grown over substrate topology by initiated (i)CVD. For microtrenches of varying aspect ratio, a ballistic model correlates the observed step coverage to a range of sticking coefficients of the initiating radicals, γ, between 0.01 and 0.05. Increasing the surface concentration of the monomer results in higher values of γ. In the deposition regime studied, γ is independent of the concentration of radical initiators. Furthermore, γ is insensitive to substrate temperature if the surface concentration of monomer is fixed. Using this knowledge, conformal coverage on microtrenches is demonstrated from both ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA) and neopentyl methacrylate (npMA). Additionally, the conformality permits templating of nanotubes of the mechanically robust and solvent‐resistant iCVD‐produced p(EGDA) crosslinked polymer.
A New Method for the Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanowires by MOCVD using Oxygen‐Donor Adducts of Dimethylzinc
Authors: Black Kate , Chalker Paul R. , Jones Anthony C. , King Peter J. , Roberts John L. , Heys Peter N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe oxygen donor adducts of dimethylzinc [Me2Zn(L)] (L = tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, or furan) are used without pre‐reaction with oxygen for the growth of ZnO by liquid injection metal‐organic (MO)CVD over the temperature range 350–550 °C. Vertically‐aligned ZnO nanowires are deposited in a narrow temperature range centered on ∼500 °C. At other deposition temperatures, the ZnO films show continuous polycrystalline morphologies. At room temperature, the ZnO nanowires exhibit intense near band‐edge photoluminescence (PL) at emission energies of 3.26 to 3.28 eV, and show minimal defect‐related visible emission. Analysis of the ZnO nanowires by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) shows that they are of high purity, with carbon not detected at an estimated detection limit of 0.5 at.‐%.
Facile Synthesis of Novel Pyrimido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones from Highly Reactive Malonates
Authors: Güllü Mustafa , Dinçsönmez Ali , Özyavaş Öznur 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA very simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of novel 2‐hydroxy‐4H‐pyrimido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones is described. Title compounds were obtained from the room temperature reaction of 2‐aminopyrimidine and its substituted derivatives with bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl) malonates. High product yields were observed under optimized conditions. Applicability and reactivity of a range of substituted and unsubstituted phenyl malonates were also investigated. Structural identification of all new compounds was accomplished by spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis.
Ion Transport Across Membranes Facilitated by a Dynamic Combinatorial Library
Authors: Saggiomo Vittorio , Goeschen Catrin , Herges Rainer , Quesada Roberto , Lüning Ulrich 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) consisting of dialdehydes and diamines has been used to facilitate the transport of calcium ions across a supported liquid membrane (SLM). In a dual selection process, the calcium ions first select matching macrocycles 3 or 5 from the DCL. Then only one of the macrocycle–calcium complexes (5·Ca2+) efficiently transports the calcium ions due to its better balance between lipo‐ and hydrophilicity. The special setup of a DCL combined with an SLM directly finds suitable carriers for ion transport starting from diamine and dialdehyde building blocks 1, 2 and 4. The synthesis of the new, more lipophilic 4‐pentoxypyridine‐2,6‐dicarbaldehyde (4) is also described, and the first transport experiments with liposomes are discussed.
Structure and Electrochemical Properties of Electrocatalysts for NADH Oxidation
Authors: Rincón Rosalba A. , Artyushkova Kateryna , Mojica Mike , Germain Marguerite N. , Minteer Shelley D. , Atanassov Plamen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNADH electrocatalysts have been an area of study for over 3 decades. Polyazines have been popular electrocatalysts of choice for NADH oxidation for both sensors and biofuel cell applications. However, little is known about the structure and function relationship between these polyazines and their ability for NADH oxidation. In this paper, we utilize XPS, SEM, and NMR to evaluate the structure of polyazines and relate that to their electrochemical properties.