bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biflanged metal stents versus plastic stents for endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of walled-off necrosis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Koduri Krithi Krishna , Jagtap Nitin , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Jahangeer Basha , Asif Shujaath , Talukdar Rupjyoti , Trikudanathan Guru , Tandan Manu , Kalapala Rakesh , Nabi Zaheer , Gupta Rajesh , Ramchandani Mohan , Singh Jagadish , Memon Sana Fatima , Rao G. Venkat , Reddy D. Nageshwar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage of walled-off necrosis (WON) using either plastic or metal stents is the mainstay of WON management. Our single-center randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of biflanged metal stents (BFMSs) and plastic stents for WON drainage.
Methods Patients with symptomatic WON amenable to EUS-guided drainage were randomized to receive either BFMSs or plastic stents. The primary outcome was reintervention-free clinical success at 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes were: overall clinical success (complete resolution of symptoms and significant reduction in size of WON [<50% of original size and <5 cm in largest diameter at 4-week follow-up]); number of reinterventions; adverse events (AEs); hospital stay for first admission; and medium-term outcomes at 6 months (recurrence, disconnected pancreatic duct, chronic pancreatitis, and new-onset diabetes mellitus).
Results 92 patients were randomized: 46 in each arm. The reintervention-free clinical success rate was significantly higher in the BFMS group on intention-to-treat analysis (67.4% vs. 43.5%; P = 0.02). Overall clinical success at 1 month was similar in both groups. There were significantly fewer reinterventions (median 0 [IQR 0–1] vs. 1 [0–2]; P = 0.03) and shorter hospital stays in the BFMS group (7.0 [SD 3.4] vs. 9.1 [5.5] days; P = 0.04). There were no differences in procedure-related AEs, mortality, or medium-term outcomes.
Conclusions BFMSs provide better reintervention-free clinical success at 4 weeks, with shorter hospital stay and without increased risks of AEs, compared with plastic stents for EUS-guided drainage of WON. Medium-term outcomes are however similar for both stent types.
Copper(II) Triflate Catalyzed Rearrangement of Amino 2,3-Epoxides to α-Amino Ketones
Authors: Akkarasamiyo Sunisa , Chitsomkhuan Saranya , Buakaew Supawadee , Samec Joseph S. M. , Chuawong Pitak , Saymaya Jenjira , Kuntiyong Punlop , Pluempanupat Wanchai 
Published: May 2024

Abstractα-Amino ketones were synthesized by a Meinwald rearrangement of biomass-based amino epoxides using copper(II) triflate as a catalyst. The regioselectivity of the rearrangement can be rationalized in terms of the reaction proceeding via the most stable carbocationic intermediate to give various α-amino α′-aryl ketones in moderate to good yields. This is an attractive method to prepare α-amino ketones using a benign and inexpensive catalyst.
Postoperative Pain Reduction in “Cesarean Mothers” with Hand and Foot Massage
Authors: Joseph Anitha , Frank Reena Wilma , S. Ramyashree 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective Experiencing the miracle of childbirth is a profound and joyous moment for every woman. However, amidst this happiness, it is important to acknowledge the physical pain associated with childbirth. As a result, there is a pressing need to address the imperative of alleviating pain in women undergoing cesarean sections. A significant number of women choose cesarean section as a means to circumvent the challenges associated with the labor process.
Method A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pretest and posttest design was adopted in this study. Using the purposive sampling method, 60 mothers who underwent cesarean-section were selected and randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. Data were collected using the baseline proforma and Numerical Pain Rating Scale. A pretest was carried out for both groups using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. The intervention group received hand and foot massages for 20 minutes twice daily (morning and evening) for 3 days. After 5 minutes of intervention, both groups underwent a posttest.
Results The mean preintervention pain score on day 1 was 8.10 ± 0.61, and the mean percentage was 81, whereas the posttest mean score was 7.00 ± 0.64 and the mean percentage was 70. There was a decline in the pretest and posttest from day 2 onward. Between the pretest and posttest, pain scores showed a significant difference in the intervention group (F-value (11&319) = 498.32, p = 0.001).
Conclusion Mothers who underwent cesarean section benefited from hand and foot massage.
Clinical Significance This article holds significance in the contemporary landscape, wherein a substantial number of women opt for cesarean sections due to either pregnancy complications or personal choice. The latest research outcomes contribute to mitigating pain through the implementation of nonpharmacological approaches.
Research Strategies for Precise Manipulation of Micro/Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems Using Microfluidic Technology: A Review
Authors: Liu Jie , Fu Qinghui , Li Qin , Yang Yani , Zhang Yue , Yang Kaili , Sun Guohao , Luo Jiayu , Lu Weigen , He Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMicrofluidic technology facilitates precise control over fluid mixing and interactions between the components, including self-assembly and precipitation. It offers new options for accurately manufacturing particles and holds significant potential in advancing micro/nanoparticle drug delivery systems (DDSs). Various microchannel/microfluidic chips have been explored to construct micro/nanoparticle DDSs. The precise manipulation of particle size, morphology, structure, stiffness, surface characteristics, and elasticity through microfluidic technology relies on specific microchannel geometrical designs and the application of exogenous energy, adhering to the principles of fluid motion. Consequently, this enables reproducible control over critical quality attributes (CQAs), such as particle size and distribution, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, in vitro and in vivo drug delivery profiles, Zeta potential, and targeting capabilities, for micro/nanoparticle DDSs. In this review, we categorize microfluidic techniques and explore recent research developments in novel microchannel structures spanning the past 5 years (2018–2023) and their applications in micro/nanoparticle DDSs. Additionally, we elucidate the latest manipulation strategies of microfluidic techniques that impact foundational structures related to the CQAs of micro/nanoparticle DDSs. Furthermore, we offer insights into the industrial applications and challenges microfluidic techniques face in the context of novel micro/nanoparticle DDSs.
Neuroplastic Surgery Principles of Computerized Surgical Planning in Complex Cranioplasty Reconstruction
Authors: Perez Colleen F. , Gordon Chad R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article explores the evolution and implementation of three-dimensional (3D) models and Computerized Surgical Planning (CSP) for complex cranioplasty reconstruction and the advances in neuroplastic surgery principles for improved surgical outcomes. Over recent years, CSP has revolutionized the field by employing detailed medical imaging to enhance the accuracy and efficacy of 3D models and for the creation of customized cranial implants (CCIs). The study discusses the advancements of solid alloplastic implants to the future of implants with sophisticated and integrated neurotechnology to treat or enhance patient outcomes. CSP can be used to identify and mitigate complications that can occur within cranioplasty reconstruction and to create CCIs to address the postoperative challenge of temporal hollowing. Despite the promising advancements, the article acknowledges the current limitations of CSP, including cost and technological accessibility, and proposes future directions for research and development. The findings suggest that with further improvements in imaging, biomaterials, and manufacturing techniques, CSP in neuroplastic surgery and other specialties will continue to significantly enhance the precision and personalized care of cranioplasty reconstruction.
Breaking the stigma: the joint effort of the government, print media, and citizens toward transgender education equality (2018–2022)
Authors: Rehman Nadia , Huang Xiao , Zhang Li , Mahmood Amir , Zamani Noushin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe issue of transgender education and equality has long been neglected in Pakistan, leading to a lack of awareness and acceptance of the transgender community. The present study focuses on the joint effort of the government, print media, and citizens toward breaking the stigma and promoting transgender education and equality. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative content analysis of articles from three prominent Pakistani media outlets with a quantitative public opinion survey to evaluate the extent of media coverage and public attitudes toward transgender education and equality. This coverage helped create awareness and understanding of the transgender community. The government also took significant steps (Transgender Act 2018) by passing policies favoring the transgender community. Furthermore, the study showed that citizens have a positive attitude toward transgender equality, a sign of creating an inclusive society. The study also concluded that joint efforts between the government, print media, and citizens can help people break the stigma and promote transgender education and equality. This approach will pave the way for a more inclusive society that recognizes and values the rights of all individuals, regardless of their gender identity.
The multi-scale polarizable pseudo-particle solvent coarse-grained approach: From NaCl salt solutions to polyelectrolyte hydration
Authors: Masella Michel , Léonforté Fabien 
Published: May 2024

We discuss key parameters that affect the reliability of hybrid simulations in the aqueous phase based on an efficient multi-scale coarse-grained polarizable pseudo-particle approach, denoted as pppl, to model the solvent water, whereas solutes are modeled using an all atom polarizable force field. Among those parameters, the extension of the solvent domain (SD) at the solute vicinity (domain in which each solvent particle corresponds to a single water molecule) and the magnitude of solute/solvent short range polarization damping effects are shown to be pivotal to model NaCl salty aqueous solutions and the hydration of charged systems, such as the hydrophobic polyelectrolyte polymer that we have recently investigated [Masella et al., J. Chem. Phys. 155, 114903 (2021)]. Strong short range damping is pivotal to simulate aqueous salt NaCl solutions at moderate concentration (up to 1.0M). The SD extension (as well as short range damping) has a weak effect on the polymer conformation; however, it plays a pivotal role in computing accurate polymer/solvent interaction energies. As the pppl approach is up to two orders of magnitude computationally more efficient than all atom polarizable force field methods, our results show it to be an efficient alternative route to investigate the equilibrium properties of complex charged molecular systems in extended chemical environments.
Study on a rotational symmetry structure pulse forming network with low-impedance for compact pulse drivers
Authors: Yu Ruixin , Yang Shuang , Gao Jingming , Chen Rong , Sun Yijie , Li Diangeng , Yang Hanwu 
Published: May 2024

A pulse forming network (PFN) is a significant component, contributing a lot to the overall dimension of pulse generators. In order to both reduce the size of PFN and improve the output waveform quality, this paper proposes a compact low-impedance PFN with a rotational symmetry structure. The PFN consists of four groups of Blumlein pulse forming units (PFUs) connected in parallel along the angular direction, and the spline curve structure is applied in each PFU, which achieves a higher space utilization rate. The theoretical maximum energy density of PFN is 6.6 J/L as the dimensions of PFN are φ500 × 138 mm. Field-circuit co-simulation is carried out based on the spatial model of PFN and the double switch modulation circuit to analyze the effects of switch delay time (time between main switch and steep discharge switch), as well as the output port position affecting the output pulse waveform. The results show that the PFN is appropriate to achieve quasi-square wave pulse modulation as the switch delay time is 290 ns with the output port positioned at the periphery. The verification experiments are also carried out. The results show that the PFN can generate a quasi-square wave pulse with an output voltage of 49.6 kV, a pulse width of 83 ns, and a peak power of 1 GW on a matched load. The output pulse exhibits a distinct flat top, with the fluctuation of the plateau being less than 3%.
Shadowing textbook and authentic materials in beginning L2 learners’ acquisition of Mandarin Chinese tones in spontaneous speech
Authors: Lu Ai-Ling , Su Danjie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Addressing the lack of research examining the use of discourse-level speech input in beginning L2 learners’ Mandarin tone production in spontaneous speech, this study compares the effects of authentic videos and textbook audios as shadowing materials on beginners’ multisyllabic tone production in spontaneous speech and learner attitudes. Fourteen college students, randomly divided into the “authentic” and “textbook” groups, shadowed for four weeks. From the pretest to the posttest, both groups significantly improved tone accuracy in sentence-level spontaneous speech with no significant differences between groups. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of learners’ responses show that (1) both groups had positive attitudes toward the materials, (2) authentic materials generated greater interest, and learners appreciated shadowing authentic conversations or conversations that mimic natural discourse, and (3) the learners primarily cared about whether the materials were comprehensible, interesting, and accessible. The findings shed light on using authentic materials to teach L2 pronunciation.
What can be said?
Authors: Crane Thera Marie , Lubambo Remah , Mabena M Petrus , Nkwinika Cordelia , Sibisi Muhle , Slater Onelisa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We employ a cluster approach to explore the comparative semantic maps of several markers of modal possibility –
the “potential” prefix nga‑ and expressions meaning, roughly, ‘know how to’ and ‘be able to’ – in four South
African Nguni languages: isiNdebele, isiZulu, isiXhosa, Siswati. We also compare the Nguni results with results from Xitsonga, a
closely related language outside of the Nguni clade. The languages exhibit cross-linguistic differences in the expansion of core
meanings, some of which do not appear to follow the cross-linguistically common diachronic pattern in which goal-oriented modality
precedes deontic modality. In addition, the distinction between inherent and learned ability is salient in several of these
languages. Semantic maps of the markers’ functional distributions further show the diversity of modal systems that can be found
even in closely related languages in significant contact with one another.
Anxiety in task-based language teaching
Authors: An Hyejin , Li Shaofeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the methods and findings of the research examining
anxiety in learners’ task performance and language development. Based on a thorough search of multiple databases and a
set of selection criteria, 35 studies were included in the review. The investigation of the methodological designs
shows that most studies examined adult, L2 English, and intermediate learners; adopted a within-subjects design; used
dialogic tasks; and measured L2 anxiety by means of the FLCAS. The studies examined the role of anxiety in TBLT from
four perspectives: (1) the role of anxiety in task-based corrective feedback, (2) the influence of L2 anxiety on task
performance in simple and complex tasks, (3) the associations between anxiety and task engagement, and (4) the impact
of task modality on the level of L2 anxiety. Corresponding to the four perspectives, the following findings are
obtained. First, high-anxiety learners tend to benefit more from implicit than explicit feedback and prefer to receive
implicit feedback, and the amount of anxiety caused by feedback can be mitigated by positive delivery of feedback.
Second, the role of anxiety is more evident in complex tasks than simple tasks, and less anxious learners benefit more
from complex tasks while more anxious learners benefit more from simple tasks. Third, more anxious learners show less
task engagement. Fourth, computer-mediated communication causes less anxiety than face-to-face communication, with the
caveat that anxiety about new technology may increase anxiety.
Task-based language learning and teaching
Authors: Oliver Rhonda , Bogachenko Tatiana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Different theoretical perspectives have informed task-based research exploring variables related to
individual differences. Whilst the majority of studies have been undertaken with adult learners, there is a small and
growing body of work investigating what younger learners do when they use tasks. Informed by the literature and
database search, this review extends our previous paper (Oliver & Bogachenko,
2019), addressing the specific individual difference of age. It outlines differences in
the way younger and older learners approach tasks, how they negotiate for meaning, whether or not and how they use
input and different types of feedback (e.g., recasts), and how and to what extent they modify their output. The
findings show that other factors, such as type of tasks and task modality, learner proficiency, context of learning
(e.g., teacher-fronted, types of peer pairings) combine with age to impact the type of task-based interactions that
occur. It also suggests teachers may be more or less effective using task-based teaching according to the age of their
learners, for example, either by scaffolding pre-task (for younger learners) or providing support during task (for
older learners). Pedagogically, however, the research shows that regardless of age, learners benefit from task-based
interaction and in a range of instructional settings. Even so, there are clear age differences, and it is vital that
the age of learners is taken into account. Much more research is needed to further develop age-appropriate task
guidelines for teachers.
Conclusion
Authors: Ellis Rod 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins by raising a number of general issues concerning the investigation of
individual differences in task-based language teaching (TBLT) – the importance of investigating IDs in task-based
language lessons as well as in individual tasks, including the study of input-based as well as output-based tasks, the
selection of IDs to be investigated, and the need to make a clear distinction between IDs and engagement/emotion. The
chapter then outlines a framework that can guide the study of IDs in TBLT where IDs along with teacher factors and
situational context mediate task outcomes via how participants engage with a task. Finally, the chapter comments on
pedagogical issues by considering what IDs should teachers consider in designing, implementing, or adapting tasks, how
they can find out how their learners differ, and how they can accommodate learner IDs in TBLT.
Necessity of quantizable geometry for quantum gravity
Authors: Mehta A K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, Dirac Quantization of 3D gravity in the first-order formalism is attempted where instead of quantizing the connection and triad fields, the connection and the triad 1-forms themselves are quantized. The exterior derivative operator on the space of differential forms is treated as the ‘time’ derivative to compute the momenta conjugate to these 1-forms. This manner of quantization allows one to compute the transition amplitude in 3D gravity which has a close, but not exact, match with the transition amplitude computed via LQG techniques. This inconsistency is interpreted as being due to the non-quantizable nature of differential geometry.
Calculation of electron scattering lengths on Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn and Og atoms
Authors: Syty Paweł , Piłat Michał P , Sienkiewicz Józef E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Focusing on the noble gases, we calculate the scattering potential using the Dirac–Coulomb Hamiltonian supplemented with a model polarization potential. We determine the scattering lengths using two methods, namely phase shifts for very small scattering energies and the shape of the wave function for zero scattering energy. We compare our theoretical electron scattering length results on Ar, Kr and Xe atoms with existing experimental and theoretical data. In turn, the results obtained for the first time for Rn and Og atoms require independent confirmation. The analysis conducted indicates that the source of the greatest uncertainty in the obtained results is the literature values of dipole polarizability. The study used the GRASP2018 computational package for bound states and the modified COWF code for continuum states.
Cooper minima in high-Z atoms: effects of correlation and relativity on np photoionization
Authors: Baral S , Jose J , Deshmukh P C , Manson S T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Photoionization dipole transition matrix elements pass through a zero or attain a minimum that leaves imprints on photoionization parameters like the cross-section, angular distribution asymmetry parameter, phase shift, and photoionization time delay. This minimum is commonly known as the ‘Cooper minimum’ (CM). The CM, in general, is strongly affected by relativistic and correlation effects. Previous works investigated CM in the 6p and 5p subshell photoionization up to Z = 100 using the single-particle Dirac-Slater (DS) method. The present work extends the earlier work to Z up to 120 using more accurate methods; Dirac–Hartree–Fock (DHF) which includes the relativistic effects and exchange correlations, and the relativistic random phase approximation (RRPA) which includes both initial and final state electron-electron correlations along with relativistic effects. In addition to the study of photoionization from the 6p and 5p subshells, the 4p subshell has also been investigated in the present work. To demonstrate the prominent effects in the high-Z atoms, Rn (Z = 86), Ra (Z = 88), No (Z = 102), Cn (Z = 112), Og (Z = 118), and Ubn (Z = 120) are investigated.