bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia revealed by neural oscillation to speech sounds: an MEG study
Authors: Oribe Naoya , Onitsuka Toshiaki , Hirano Shogo , Hirano Yoji , Maekawa Toshihiko , Obayashi Choji , Ueno Takefumi , Kasai Kiyoto , Kanba Shigenobu 
Published: December 2010

Oribe N, Onitsuka T, Hirano S, Hirano Y, Maekawa T, Obayashi C, Ueno T, Kasai K, Kanba S. Differentiation between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia revealed by neural oscillation to speech sounds: an MEG study. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 804–812. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Psychiatrists have long debated whether bipolar disorder (BP) and schizophrenia (SZ) are the clinical outcomes of discrete or shared causative processes. SZ shows significantly delayed peak latencies of the evoked neural oscillation (eNO) power and reduced eNO power to speech sounds in the left hemisphere in comparison to normal controls (NC), suggesting deficits in the fast mechanism for identifying speech sounds for SZ. The current study tested the hypothesis that the eNO to speech sounds could be differentiated between BP and SZ patients.Methods:  The magnetoencephalographic data of 11 BP, 12 SZ, and 15 NC subjects were evaluated, and we analyzed the eNO power and phase‐locking in 20–45 Hz to speech sounds and pure tones in the left hemisphere.Results:  The major findings were that: (i) BP subjects exhibited larger eNO power to speech sounds compared to NC and SZ; (ii) SZ subjects showed delayed eNO and phase‐locking to speech sounds specifically in the left hemisphere; and (iii) no significant differences were observed in the response to pure tones among the three groups.Conclusions:  The present study showed that different patterns in eNO to speech sounds are present in BP, SZ, and NC subjects. The eNO to speech sounds in the left hemisphere is a potential index to distinguish BP and SZ.
The relationship of bipolar disorder lifetime duration and vascular burden to cognition in older adults
Authors: Gildengers Ariel G , Mulsant Benoit H , Al Jurdi Rayan K , Beyer John L , Greenberg Rebecca L , Gyulai Laszlo , Moberg Paul J , Sajatovic Martha , Ten Have Thomas , Young Robert C ,   The GERI‐BD Study Group
Published: December 2010

Gildengers AG, Mulsant BH, Al Jurdi RK, Beyer JL, Greenberg RL, Gyulai L, Moberg PJ, Sajatovic M, Ten Have T, Young RC, The GERI‐BD Study Group. The relationship of bipolar disorder lifetime duration and vascular burden to cognition in older adults.Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 851–858. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  We describe the cognitive function of older adults presenting with bipolar disorder (BD) and mania and examine whether longer lifetime duration of BD is associated with greater cognitive dysfunction. We also examine whether there are negative, synergistic effects between lifetime duration of BD and vascular disease burden on cognition.Methods:  A total of 87 nondemented individuals with bipolar I disorder, age 60 years and older, experiencing manic, hypomanic, or mixed episodes, were assessed with the Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) and the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP) as a measure of vascular disease burden.Results:  Subjects had a mean (SD) age of 68.7 (7.1) years and 13.6 (3.1) years of education; 50.6% (n = 44) were females, 89.7% (n = 78) were white, and 10.3% (n = 9) were black. They presented with overall and domain‐specific cognitive impairment in memory, visuospatial ability, and executive function compared to age‐adjusted norms. Lifetime duration of BD was not related to DRS total score, any other subscale scores, or vascular disease burden. FSRP scores were related to the DRS memory subscale scores, but not total scores or any other domain scores. A negative interactive effect between lifetime duration of BD and FSRP was only observed with the DRS construction subscale.Conclusions:  In this study, lifetime duration of BD had no significant relationship with overall cognitive function in older nondemented adults. Greater vascular disease burden was associated with worse memory function. There was no synergistic relationship between lifetime duration of BD and vascular disease burden on overall cognition function. Addressing vascular disease, especially early in the course of BD, may mitigate cognitive impairment in older age.
Determinants of age‐dependent change in a secondary sexual character
Authors: BALBONTÍN J. , De LOPE F. , HERMOSELL I. G. , MOUSSEAU T. A. , MØLLER A. P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMany secondary sexual characters vary in a systematic way with the age of individuals, with young and old individuals displaying at lower levels than individuals of intermediate age. Analyses quantifying the within‐individual and among‐individual components of phenotypic variation can help partition effects of phenotypic plasticity and selective mortality. We analysed phenotypic variation in the expression of a secondary sexual character, tail length, in male and female barn swallowsHirundo rusticafrom four European populations studied during 11–26 years, using linear mixed effect models to describe age‐related expression. Tail length increased from yearlings to intermediate aged birds with a subsequent decrease at old age. In males, this age‐related pattern was because of both within‐subject and between‐subject effects, with no difference among populations. Males having longer lifespan had shorter tails when young than those having shorter lifespan. Females showed similar patterns of age‐related variation as males, with no difference among populations. The major difference between sexes was that the between‐subject effects (i.e. disappearance effects or selection) were much more important for males compared to females for which lifetime variation in tail length was mainly because of a within‐subject effect (i.e., a plastic response). These findings suggest that whereas males trade greater expression of the secondary sexual character at young age against longevity, that was not the case for females. This is consistent with tail length being more costly in males than in females, with the cost of long tails potentially being offset by elevated mating success, whereas that is not the case in females.
Genetic population structure in horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanumL.): effects of human‐mediated expansion across Europe
Authors: PRADA DARIO , VELLOZA THEODOSIUS M. , TOOROP PETER E. , PRITCHARD HUGH W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe geographical distribution of existing populations of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanumL.) in Europe is determined by past demographic events during the Quaternary. In the present study we evaluate the imprints that northward expansions originated from common ancestry at southern Europe may have left on the present patterns of genetic variation for horse chestnut across the continent. Genetic diversity and levels of population structure in a European south–north gradient, ranging from the Balkans to the Scandinavian Peninsula, were determined with Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers in 159 loci. A family of rarefaction techniques for the estimation of gene diversity was used to exclude potential confounding effects as a result of the unequal sample sizes. The results indicate that northern populations are not more genetically depleted than southern populations, thus suggesting that diversity for this species is not correlated with latitudinal distribution. Detailed hypotheses based on prediction models for different historical events associated with human‐mediated spread of cultivation are examined for a better understanding of the current genetic patterns of regional differentiation.
Impact of depression and activities of daily living on the fear of falling in Korean community‐dwelling elderly
Authors: Shin Kyung Rim , Kang Younhee , Kim Mi Young , Jung Dukyoo , Kim Jeong Soo , Hong Chong Min , Yun Eun Suk , Ma Rye Won 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study determined the predictors of the fear of falling (FOF) in 213 South Korean community‐dwelling elderly. The Fall Efficacy Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Korean Geriatric Depression Screening Scale, and Barthel Index were used to measure the FOF, sleep quality, depression, and activities of daily living, respectively. In addition, information regarding the participants' demographic details and the number of types of medication was collected. The data were analyzed by using hierarchical regression. The general regression model, with the FOF as a dependent variable, was statistically significant. The FOF variance was partially explained. Depression and activities of daily living significantly influenced the FOF. Thus, the results indicate that the FOF in community‐dwelling elderly Koreans is affected by depression and activities of daily living. Therefore, an older adult with recognized signs of depression must be provided with more appropriate care and the allocation of specific interventional strategies in order to maintain activities of daily living should be developed to manage the FOF.
Amniotic membrane transplantation for Mooren's ulcer
Authors: Ngan Nguyen D , Chau Hoang TM 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground:  To describe the outcome of surgery using amniotic membrane transplantation for Mooren's ulcer.Design:  A prospective interventional case series from the Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology.Participants:  Eighteen eyes of 14 patients with Mooren's ulcer. Seven eyes had recurrent episodes of ulceration, and 11 were not responsive to medical therapy or conjunctival resection.Methods:  All eyes were treated with amniotic membrane grafts for Mooren's ulcer (10 eyes with multilayer grafts; 8 with a single layer graft). Five eyes with a 360° peripheral ulcer were treated with an overlay amniotic membrane graft, and 13 eyes were treated with a freehand graft tailored to fit the localized defect.Main Outcome Measures:  Time to epithelial healing. Visual acuity outcome.Result:  Sixteen of 18 eyes were treated by a single surgery with amniotic membrane with rapid healing of the epithelial defect (mean time to complete epithelialization 12.4 days). Two eyes required a second amniotic membrane graft: one eye required regrafting following a subgraft haemorrhage and another eye required regrafting for a persistent epithelial defect. Vision was stabilized in all eyes with 10 of 18 eyes obtaining vision of 6/12 or better.Conclusion:  Amniotic membrane transplantation may be a useful treatment for selected patients with Mooren's ulcer especially where systemic immunosuppressive drugs are unavailable.
Retrospective audit of the air‐Q intubating laryngeal airway as a conduit for tracheal intubation in pediatric patients with a difficult airway
Authors: Jagannathan Narasimhan , Kho Melanie F. , Kozlowski Ryan J. , Sohn Lisa E. , Siddiqui Aisha , Wong David T. 
Published: December 2010

SummaryObjectives:  To assess the efficacy of the ILA as a conduit for tracheal intubation in pediatric patients with a difficult airway.Aim:  The primary goals of this retrospective audit were to assess the clinical performance of the ILA in pediatric patients with a difficult airway, expand on our initial favorable experience with this device, and collect pilot data for future prospective and comparison studies.Methods:  The charts of patients with a difficult airway in whom the ILA was used during a period of 1 year in a freestanding pediatric institution were reviewed following a practice change in the authors’ institution favoring the ILA over the laryngeal mask airway as a conduit for tracheal intubation.Results:  Thirty‐four pediatric patients had an ILA placed during the course of their airway management. Eight of the 34 patients in this cohort required emergent airway management. The median age was 47.1 (0.3–202.2) months and the median weight was 16.3 (3.9–86.0) kilograms. Three of the cases were unanticipated difficult airways and the remaining were anticipated difficult airways as a result of craniofacial syndromes (n = 21), cervical spine instability or immobility (n = 7), or airway hemorrhage (n = 3). Thirty‐three of the 34 patients (97%) were intubated on the first attempt through the ILA, with the aid of a fiberoptic bronchoscope (n = 25), a Shikani Optical Stylet (n = 7), or blindly (n = 2). In one patient, blind tracheal intubation required a second attempt for successful intubation, making the overall success rate 100%. Oxygen desaturation was noted in 6 of the 34 cases.Conclusions:  In a series of pediatric patients with difficult airways, the ILA was successfully used as a conduit for tracheal intubation in all patients. Visualization techniques may offer a greater degree of success in intubations through the ILA due to the potential for epiglottic down‐folding in children.
Ribosomal tag pyrosequencing of DNA and RNA from benthic coral reef microbiota: community spatial structure, rare members and nitrogen‐cycling guilds
Authors: Gaidos Eric , Rusch Antje , Ilardo Melissa 
Published: December 2010

SummaryRibosomal tag libraries based on DNA and RNA in coral reef sediment from Hawaii show the microbial community to be dominated by the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, the archaeal order Nitrosopumilales and the uncultivated divisions Marine Group III (Euryarchaeota) and Marine Benthic Group C (Crenarchaeota). Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) number in the high thousands, and richness varies with site, presence or absence of porewater sulfide (sediment depth), and nucleotide pool. Rank abundance curves of DNA‐based libraries, but not RNA‐based libraries, possess a tail of low abundance taxa, supporting the existence of an inactive ‘rare’ biosphere. While bacterial libraries from two oxic samples differ markedly, those from two anoxic (sulfidic) samples are similar. The four dominant bacterial OTUs are members of genera that include pathogens, but are found in marine environments, and include facultative anaerobes, i.e. dissimilatory nitrate reducers and denitrifiers. This may explain their abundance in both oxic and anoxic samples. A numerous archaeon is closely related to the lithoautotrophic ammonia oxidizer Nitrosopumilus maritimus. Known bacterial ammonia oxidizers are essentially absent, but bacterial nitrite oxidizers are abundant. Although other studies of this reef found evidence for anaerobic ammonia oxidizers, primer bias rendered that clade invisible to this study.
Clinical implications of acellular mucin pools in resected rectal cancer with pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation1
Authors: de Campos‐Lobato L. F. , Dietz D. W. , Stocchi L. , Vogel J. D. , Lavery I. C. , Goldblum J. R. , Skacel M. , Pelley R. J. , Kalady M. F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAim  Approximately 20% of rectal cancers treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation achieve a pathological complete response (pCR), which is associated with an improved oncological outcome. However, in a proportion of patients with a pCR, acellular pools of mucin are present in the surgical specimen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical implications of acellular mucin pools in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma achieving a pCR after neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by proctectomy.Method  A single‐centre colorectal cancer database was searched for patients with clinical Stage II and Stage III rectal adenocarcinoma who achieved a pCR (i.e. ypT0N0M0) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by proctectomy between 1997 and 2007. Patients were categorized according to the presence or absence of acellular mucin pools in the resected specimen, and groups were compared. Patient demographics, tumour and treatment characteristics, and oncological outcomes were recorded. Primary outcomes were 3‐year local and distant recurrences, and disease‐free and overall survivals.Results  Two hundred and fifty‐eight patients with clinical Stage II or Stage III rectal adenocarcinoma were treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Fifty‐eight of these patients had a 58 pCR. Eleven of the 58 patients with a pCR had acellular mucin pools in the surgical specimen. The median follow up was 40 months. The groups were statistically similar with respect to demographics, chemoradiation regimens, distance of tumour from the anal verge, clinical stage and surgical procedure. No patient had local recurrence. Patients with acellular mucin pools had increased distant recurrence (21%vs 5%), decreased disease‐free survival (79%vs 95%) and decreased overall survival (83%vs 95%) rates, although none of these differences was statistically significant.Conclusion  The presence of acellular mucin pools in a proctectomy specimen with a pCR does not affect local recurrence, but may suggest a more aggressive tumour biology.
Trends in incidence, treatment and survival of patients with stage IV colorectal cancer: a population‐based series
Authors: van der Pool A. E. M. , Damhuis R. A. , IJzermans J. N. M. , de Wilt J. H. W. , Eggermont A. M. M. , Kranse R. , Verhoef C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAim  The incidence, patterns of care and survival were determined in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC) in a population‐based series.Method  Computer records for patients diagnosed with stage IV CRC diagnosed from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2007 were retrieved from the Rotterdam Cancer Registry. Surgical resection of the primary tumour, chemotherapy use, hepatic surgery and survival were evaluated according to year of diagnosis, age, gender and primary tumour site.Results  In the southwestern part of the Netherlands, 19 014 new patients with CRC were diagnosed and synchronous metastatic disease was found in 3482 (18%). This proportion increased during the study period, from 16% to 21%. Surgical resection of the primary tumour was performed in approximately 50% of the patients and did not change over time. Postoperative 30‐day mortality was 8%. Chemotherapy use increased from 18% in the first period to 56% in the latest period. Liver surgery increased from 4% in the first period to 10% in the latest period. Median survival increased from 7 months to 12 months and 2‐year survival increased from 14% to 28%. Two‐year survival declined with increasing age and was significantly worse for right‐sided tumours (14%).Conclusion  Survival of patients with stage IV CRC has improved over time and this is probably a result of the increased use of chemotherapy and the increased numbers of patients who underwent hepatic surgery.
Doppler‐guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation in patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Karin Eliad , Avital Shmuel , Dotan Iris , Skornick Yehuda , Greenberg Ron 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAim:  The outcome of Doppler‐guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation (DGHAL) was assessed in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) suffering from grade III haemorrhoids.Method:  A retrospective study was carried out of patients with CD and symptomatic Grade III haemorrhoids treated by DGHAL. Perioperative and follow‐up data were retrieved from our database of patients undergoing DGHAL.Results:  The study included seven men and six women. The mean age was 34 years old. All had CD without anorectal involvement. The median duration of haemorrhoidal symptoms was 6.3 years. There was no mortality, new incontinence, faecal impaction, urinary retention, abscess formation or persistent pain following the procedure. Mean pain score based on a visual analogue scale (VAS) decreased from 2.4 at 24 h postoperatively to 1.6 on the seventh postoperative day. All patients had completely recovered by the third postoperative day. At 18 months, three (77%) of the patients were asymptomatic and three had recurrent symptoms.Conclusion:  Doppler‐guided haemorrhoidal artery ligation is safe and effective in treating Grade III haemorrhoids in patients with CD without rectal involvement.
Bipolar energy for transurethral resection of bladder tumours at low‐power settings: initial experience
Authors: Gupta Narmada P. , Saini Ashish K. , Dogra Prem N. , Seth Amlesh , Kumar Rajeev 
Published: December 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of using bipolar energy at low‐power setting for transurethral resection (TUR) of bladder tumours.MATERIALS AND METHODSIn total, 108 patients (100 males and eight females) with superficial bladder carcinoma undergoing bipolar TUR of bladder tumours (B‐TURBT) with the GyrusTM Plasma kinetic Tissue Management System (Gyrus Medical Ltd, Cardiff, UK) were studied. The initial ten patients were operated at a default setting of 160 W cutting and 80 W coagulation. Subsequently, the current settings were modified to 50 W cutting and 40 W coagulation. The present study reports on the 98 patients who underwent TURBT with low‐power settings. Tumour number, size, shape, location, operating time, hospital stay, blood loss, as well as intraoperative and postoperative complications, were all recorded .The resected tissues were examined by a pathologist who recorded grade, invasion of the muscularis propria and the presence of muscular invasion.RESULTSOut of the ten patients who were operated at the recommended default settings of 160 W cutting and 80 W coagulation, three patients had obturator jerks leading to two‐bladder perforation. The results of 98 patients operated on at the low‐power settings of 50 W cutting and 40 W coagulation are reported. Mean ± SD age was 56.34 ± 13.51 years. Tumours were multiple in 62 (63%) patients and single in 36 (37%) patients, with 68 (69%) in the lateral wall and six (6%) involving the ureteric orifice. Mean ± SD tumour size was 2.5 ± 0.81 cm with a mean ± SD resection time of 36.64 ± 16.5 min. The mean drop in haemoglobin was 0.94 ± 0.71 (0.20–4.0), with a mean ± SD (range) drop in haematocrit of 1.33 ± 1.29 (1–7). Five (5%) patients required blood transfusion as a result of preoperative low haemoglobin. Mean ± SD drop in sodium was 2.06 ± 0.66 mEq/L, with no patient developing TUR syndrome. None of the 98 patients developed obturator jerks and perforation at low‐power settings. Complete resection was achieved in 94 (96%) patients. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 3 days.CONCLUSIONSTURBT using bipolar energy is safe and effective in the treatment of bladder tumours at power settings lower than the conventionally recommended settings. Lower power settings reduce the number of obturator jerks and perforations.