bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WSB: a broker‐centric framework for quality‐driven web service discovery
Authors: Al‐Masri Eyhab , Mahmoud Qusay H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWeb service interfaces can be discovered through several means, including service registries, search engines, service portals, and peer‐to‐peer networks. But discovering Web services in such heterogeneous environments is becoming a challenging task and raises several concerns, such as performance, reliability, and robustness. In this paper, we introduce the Web Service Broker (WSB) framework that provides a universal access point for discovering Web services. WSB uses a crawler to collect the plurality of Web services disseminated throughout the Web, continuously monitor the behavior of Web services in delivering the expected functionality, and enable clients to articulate service queries tailored to their needs. The framework features ranking algorithms we have developed which are capable of ranking services according to Quality of Web Service parameters. WSB can be seamlessly integrated into the existing service‐oriented architectures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Support for enterprise consolidation of I/O bound services
Authors: Kvalnes Åge , Johansen Dag , Halvorsen Pål , Griwodz Carsten 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article, we evaluate the performance effects of I/O bound workloads on a specific virtual machine, an important component of an enterprise cloud computing infrastructure. In particular, we demonstrate that (1) the I/O workload of one guest system may adversely affect the I/O performance of another for the XEN hypervisor and (2) the general I/O performance is degraded due to various overheads. Next, we have devised a light‐weight, complementary, backwards‐compatible alternative to hypervisor‐based virtualization techniques called BONSAI. Our software provides low‐overhead I/O performance isolation by transparently applying traffic shaping to system calls in a cost‐effective manner. Using this system, I/O resource consumption can be controlled at a very fine granularity. Furthermore, using video streaming experiments, where we limit the I/O bandwidth available to each service, we show that we are able to achieve the required level of resource isolation on a per process basis with only a negligible CPU overhead and without reducing the I/O performance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mitochondrial tRNA mutations and disease
Authors: Yarham John W. , Elson Joanna L. , Blakely Emma L. , McFarland Robert , Taylor Robert W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMitochondrial (mt‐) tRNA (MTT) gene mutations are an important cause of human morbidity and are associated with a wide range of pathology, from isolated organ‐specific diseases such as myopathy or hearing loss, through to multisystem disorders with encephalopathy, gastrointestinal dysmotility, and life‐threatening cardiomyopathy. Our understanding of how MTT mutations cause disease remains poor and progress has been hampered by the complex interaction of genotype with phenotype that can result in patients who harbor the same mutation exhibiting starkly contrasting phenotypes, whereas other (genetically heterogeneous) patients manifest clinically identical syndromes. A further complexity is the highly polymorphic nature of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which must temper any reflex assumptions of pathogenicity for novel MTT substitutions. Nevertheless significant progress is being made and we shall review the methods employed to identify and characterize MTT mutations as pathogenic. Also important is our understanding of the molecular processes involved and we shall discuss the data available on two of the most studied MTT mutations (m.8344A > G and m.3243A > G) as well as other potential pathogenic mechanisms. Knowledge of factors influencing the inheritance of MTT mutations, and therefore the likelihood of disease transmission, is of particular importance to female patients. At present, the factors determining transmission remain elusive, but we shall examine several possible mechanisms and discuss the evidence for each. Finally, a number of different yeast and mouse models are currently used to investigate mitochondrial disease and we will assess the importance of and difficulties associated with each model as well as the future of possible therapies for patients with mitochondrial disease. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Effects of Seal Oil and Tuna‐Fish Oil on Platelet Parameters and Plasma Lipid Levels in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Mann Neil J. , O’Connell Stella L. , Baldwin Kylie M. , Singh Indu , Meyer Barbara J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFish are a rich source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two long‐chain polyunsaturated n‐3 fatty acids (LC n‐3 PUFA) with cardiovascular benefits. A related but less‐investigated LC n‐3 PUFA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), is more common in seal oil and pasture‐fed red meats. This study compared indicators of platelet function and plasma lipids in healthy volunteers given supplements containing these different fatty acids (FA) for 14 days. Subjects, randomised into three groups of ten, consumed capsules of tuna oil (210 mg EPA, 30 mg DPA, 810 mg DHA), seal oil (340 mg EPA, 230 mg DPA, 450 mg DHA) or placebo (sunola) oil. Supplementary LC n‐3 PUFA levels were approximately 1 g/day in both fish and seal oil groups. Baseline dietary FA and other nutrient intakes were similar in all groups. Both fish and seal oil elevated platelet DHA levels (P < 0.01). Seal oil also raised platelet DPA and EPA levels (P < 0.01), and decreased p‐selectin (P = 0.01), a platelet activation marker negatively associated with DPA (P = 0.03) and EPA (P < 0.01) but not DHA. Plasma triacylglycerol decreased (P = 0.03) and HDL‐cholesterol levels increased (P = 0.01) with seal oil only. Hence, seal oil may be more efficient than fish oil at promoting healthy plasma lipid profiles and lowering thrombotic risk, possibly due to its high DPA as well as EPA content.
Évaluation des effets prosexuels des extraits de Bridelia ferruginea chez le rat mâle naïf
Authors: Watcho P. , Nchegang B. , Nguelefack T.B. , Kamanyi A. 
Published: July 2010

RésuméBridelia ferruginea(BF, Euphorbiaceae) est un arbre dont les écorces du tronc et les feuilles sont utilisées en médecine traditionnelle pour remédier à plusieurs problèmes et en particulier l’impuissance masculine. La présente étude vise à identifier les effets prosexuels (fréquences d’érection, de monte, d’intromission et d’éjaculation) des extraits aqueux (100 mg/kg) et éthanolique (100 mg/kg) des écorces du tronc de BF administrés par voie orale à des rats Wistar adultes mâles (intacts ou castrés) sexuellement inexpérimentés pendant zéro, un et sept jours. Le comportement sexuel des rats normaux recevant une administration unique de l’extrait aqueux de BF (100 mg/kg) a été aussi évalué après prétraitement par le L-omega-nitro-arginine methyl ester (Lω-NAME, 10 mg/kg), l’halopéridol (10 mg/kg) ou l’atropine (10 mg/kg). Les animaux témoins ont reçu per os de l’eau distillée (10 ml/kg) pour le témoin neutre et une injection sous-cutanée de testostérone propionate (20 mg/kg par jour pendant trois jours avant le début du test) pour le témoin positif. Les résultats de l’étude montrent que la durée du traitement a un impact significatif (p< 0,05) sur les fréquences d’érection pénienne, de monte et d’intromission aussi bien chez les rats normaux que chez les animaux castrés. Une tendance à l’augmentation des paramètres de performance sexuelle a été aussi observée. La fréquence d’intromission des rats intacts était plus élevée (p< 0,05–0,01) à J1 et particulièrement chez les rats recevant l’extrait aqueux de BF. Chez les rats castrés, par contre, seuls les animaux traités par la testostérone ont présenté une augmentation statistique (p< 0,01–0,001) des paramètres copulatoires. Les effets prosexuels de l’extrait aqueux de BF étaient abolis par l’atropine et l’halopéridol, tandis qu’une préadministration de Lω-NAME était sans effet sur l’activité copulatoire des animaux. Ces effets stimulants sexuels de BF pourraient être attribués à la présence des flavonoïdes et des stérols, substances bioactives qui agiraient par voie dopaminergique et/ou cholinergique, et soutiennent l’intérêt de l’emploi de BF en médecine traditionnelle comme stimulant sexuel.
Dihydropteridine reductase activity in the brainstem of intrauterine growth‐restricted rats
Authors: Manjarrez‐Gutierrez Gabriel , Gonzalez‐Ramirez Misael , Boyzo‐Montes de Oca Alfonso , Hernandez‐Rodriguez Jorge 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether intrauterine growth restriction produces an increase of dihydropteridine reductase activity as a compensatory mechanism that maintains the necessary concentration of cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin, during accelerated brain serotonin biosynthesis. Intrauterine growth‐restricted offspring and controls were used. On days 1, 10, 15 and 21 of life, the brainstem was dissected andl‐tryptophan, serotonin, tryptophan‐5‐hydroxylase and dihydropteridine reductase activities were determined. Intrauterine growth‐restricted pups showed a significant increase ofl‐tryptophan, 5‐hydroxytryptamine, tryptophan‐5‐hydroxylase and also dihydropteridine activity in the brainstem in comparison to normal pups. These results confirm that intrauterine growth restriction produces an increase of serotonin biosynthesis in the brainstem. This is accompanied by an increase in dihydropteridine activity that appears to be a compensatory mechanism to maintain sufficient tetrahydrobiopterin for the donation of electrons during the accelerated synthesis of brain serotonin in intrauterine growth‐restricted rats.
Determinant functors on triangulated categories
Authors: Breuning Manuel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe study determinant functors which are defined on a triangulated category and take values in a Picard category. The two main results are the existence of a universal determinant functor for every small triangulated category, and a comparison theorem for determinant functors on a triangulated category with a non-degenerate bounded t-structure and determinant functors on its heart. For a small triangulated categoryΤwe give a natural definition of groupsK0(Τ) andK1(Τ) in terms of the universal determinant functor on Τ, and we show thatKi(Τ) ≅Ki(ε) fori= 0 and 1 ifΤhas a non-degenerate bounded t-structure with heartε.
cAMP-dependent protein kinase fromPlasmodium falciparum: an update
Authors: WURTZ NATHALIE , CHAPUS CHARLES , DESPLANS JEROME , PARZY DANIEL 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYOne of the most important public health problems in the world today is the emergence and dissemination of drug-resistant malaria parasites.Plasmodium falciparumis the causative agent of the most lethal form of human malaria. New anti-malarial strategies are urgently required, and their design and development require the identification of potential therapeutic targets. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the life cycle of the malaria parasite are still poorly understood. The published genome sequence ofP. falciparumand previous studies have revealed that several homologues of eukaryotic signalling proteins, such as protein kinases, are relatively conserved. Protein kinases are now widely recognized as important drug targets in protozoan parasites. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is implicated in numerous processes in mammalian cells, and the regulatory mechanisms of the cAMP pathway have been characterized.P. falciparumcAMP-dependent protein kinase plays an important role in the parasite's life cycle and thus represents an attractive target for the development of anti-malarial drugs. In this review, we focus on theP. falciparumcAMP/PKA pathway to provide new insights and an improved understanding of this signalling cascade.
Microfluidic bioassay to characterize parasitic nematode phenotype and anthelmintic resistance
Authors: CHEN BAOZHEN , DEUTMEYER ALEX , CARR JOHN , ROBERTSON ALAN P. , MARTIN RICHARD J. , PANDEY SANTOSH 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWith increasing resistance to anti-parasitic drugs, it has become more important to detect and recognize phenotypes of resistant isolates. Molecular methods of detecting resistant isolates are limited at present. Here, we introduce a microfluidic bioassay to measure phenotype using parameters of nematode locomotion. We illustrate the technique on larvae of an animal parasiteOesophagostomum dentatum.Parameters of sinusoidal motion such as propagation velocity, wavelength, wave amplitude, and oscillation frequency depended on the levamisole-sensitivity of the isolate of parasitic nematode. The levamisole-sensitive isolate (SENS) had a mean wave amplitude of 135μm, which was larger than 123μm of the levamisole-resistant isolate (LEVR). SENS had a mean wavelength of 373μm, which was less than 393μm of LEVR. The mean propagation velocity of SENS, 149μm s−1, was similar to LEVR, 143μm s−1. The propagation velocity of the isolates was inhibited by levamisole in a concentration-dependent manner above 0·5μm. TheEC50for SENS was 3μmand theEC50for LEVR was 10μm. This microfluidic technology advances present-day nematode migration assays and provides a better quantification and increased drug sensitivity. It is anticipated that the bioassay will facilitate study of resistance to other anthelmintic drugs that affect locomotion.
Oncospheral penetration glands are the source of the EG95 vaccine antigen against cystic hydatid disease
Authors: JABBAR A. , JENKINS D. J. , CRAWFORD S. , WALDUCK A. K. , GAUCI C. G. , LIGHTOWLERS M. W. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYImmunohistochemistry and immunogold labelling techniques were used to localize the EG95 vaccine antigen inEchinococcus granulosusoncospheres. In non-activated oncospheres, the cytoplasm of 2 pairs of bilateral cells exhibited specific positive labelling for the presence of EG95. No surface localization was seen in non-activated or recently activated oncospheres. Besides the staining of 2 pairs of bilateral cells, there was also a generalized distribution of specific staining for EG95 throughout the parenchyma of activated oncospheres. Immunogold labelling of non-activated oncosphere revealed specific reactivity for EG95 involving 2 pairs of bilateral cells and the ultrastructural characteristics of these cells were consistent with them being penetration gland cells. No other oncospheral structures stained specifically for the presence of EG95. The absence of surface location of EG95 in oncospheres suggests that the parasite may not be susceptible to vaccine-induced antibody and complement mediated attack until some post-oncospheral development has occurred. Further studies would be required to determine when the EG95 antigen associates with the parasite's surface, thus making them susceptible to immune attack.
The pathway from glandular fever to chronic fatigue syndrome: can the cognitive behavioural model provide the map?
Authors: Moss-Morris R. , Spence M. J. , Hou R. 
Published: July 2010

BackgroundThe cognitive behavioural model of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) suggests that the illness is caused through reciprocal interactions between physiology, cognition, emotion and behaviour. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the psychological factors operationalized in this model could predict the onset of CFS following an acute episode of infectious mononucleosis commonly known as glandular fever (GF).MethodA total of 246 patients with GF were recruited into this prospective cohort study. Standardized self-report measures of perceived stress, perfectionism, somatization, mood, illness beliefs and behaviour were completed at the time of their acute illness. Follow-up questionnaires determined the incidence of new-onset chronic fatigue (CF) at 3 months and CFS at 6 months post-infection.ResultsOf the participants, 9.4% met the criteria for CF at 3 months and 7.8% met the criteria for CFS at 6 months. Logistic regression revealed that factors proposed to predispose people to CFS including anxiety, depression, somatization and perfectionism were associated with new-onset CFS. Negative illness beliefs including perceiving GF to be a serious, distressing condition, that will last a long time and is uncontrollable, and responding to symptoms in an all-or-nothing behavioural pattern were also significant predictors. All-or-nothing behaviour was the most significant predictor of CFS at 6 months. Perceived stress and consistently limiting activity at the time of GF were not significantly associated with CFS.ConclusionsThe findings from this study provide support for the cognitive behavioural model and a good basis for developing prevention and early intervention strategies for CFS.
A potential geoconservation map of the Las Lagunas area, northern Peru
Authors: SEIJMONSBERGEN A. C. , SEVINK J. , CAMMERAAT L. H. , RECHARTE J. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe Andean páramo ecosystems host geodiversity of global importance, but also have important societal functions, including agricultural production and delivery of water to people and industry. Páramo geo-ecosystems are highly susceptible to environmental degradation because of their alpine relief, extreme climate and fragile soils. In contrast to other parts of the world, geodiversity assessment studies in the Andes are scarce. A geodiversity assessment method was adapted and used to produce a potential geoconservation map of the Andean páramo. The Las Lagunas area (Cajamarca, Northern Peru) has a rich archive of climate proxy data and landscape reconstruction, and plays a key role in the functioning of regional geo-ecosystems. Undisturbed proxies for climate change are contained in four Late-Glacial recessional complexes of its former local ice cap and in pollen records preserved in the post-glacial peat cover. These new findings were used to develop a refined chronostratigraphy of the Late-Glacial warming period in the Andes of Northern Peru. Geo-ecosystem functions (for example water and carbon storage) depend on the environmental vulnerability and disturbance of the landforms and deposits. Therefore, potential geoconservation areas that combine a high scientific value and environmental vulnerability with a low disturbance and low frequency of occurrence should be prioritized for geoconservation. Such a strategy should also optimize sustainable use of resources and development of these areas. Mountainous countries like Peru require future management strategies that recognize and incorporate potential geoconservation information in regional planning, to prevent unnecessary loss of irreplaceable soils, climate proxies and geo-ecosystem functions upon future changes in land use and climate.
Long-term rehabilitation after stroke: where do we go from here?
Authors: Aziz NA 
Published: July 2010

SummaryCurrent guidelines in stroke management are divided on the issue of providing further rehabilitation to stroke patients who have had stroke six months ago and longer. Whilst consensus considers that long-term rehabilitation is neither practical nor beneficial, rehabilitation remains vital in the complex management of longer-term stroke care, as it provides continuity from the formal rehabilitation intervention in the hospital setting. Longer-term rehabilitation is principally a community-based intervention, as it aims to assist the survivors to become more independent through social and leisure-based interventions. Available evidence is limited, with available studies heterogeneous and small in sample size. This review aims to look into the existing evidence, and discusses the feasibility and challenges in providing longer-term rehabilitation to stroke survivors.
Association of distributions of three types of germinal vesicle stage oocytes with the canine follicle location in the ovary
Authors: Wang L.X. , Wang S. , Hou J. , Hu R.L. , An X.R. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe objective of current study was to compare the nuclear configurations of canine oocytes recovered from between follicles after isolation. Follicles isolated were classified into follicle-S (follicles located in the ovarian surface) and follicle-I (follicles located inside the ovary) based on the follicle location in the ovary. Nuclear stages of canine oocytes recovered from follicle-S and follicle-I were examined by phase-contrast microscopy after isolation. Results demonstrated that canine GV stage oocytes can be classified into three types based on the status of the nuclear envelope, nucleolus, and chromatin: type A, type B, and type C. In follicle-S group, the majority (95.5%) of canine GV stage oocytes was of type B. All canine GV stage oocytes recovered from follicle-S (including type B and type C) were characterized by nuclear envelope disappearance prior to nucleolus collapse. In contrast, in follicle-I group, the majority (60.2%) of canine GV stage oocytes was of type C. Unexpectedly, a small proportion of canine GV stage oocytes from follicle-I (donated type A) were characterized by nuclear envelope disappearance following nucleolus collapse. In conclusion, nuclear configurations of each type of canine GV stage oocytes may differ from each other. Distributions of each type of canine GV stage oocytes may associate with the follicle location in the ovary.
Complete fluorescent fingerprints of extremophilic and photosynthetic microbes
Authors: Dartnell Lewis R. , Storrie-Lombardi Michael C. , Ward John M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe work reported here represents a study into the total fluorescence exhibited by a broad selection of model, extremophilic and photosynthetic bacterial strains, over a great range of excitation and emission wavelengths from ultraviolet (UV) through visible to near infrared. The aim is to identify distinctive fluorescent features that may serve as detectable biosignatures of remnant microbial life on the Martian surface. A lab-bench fluorescence spectrometer was used to generate an excitation–emission matrix (EEM) for the unpigmented Escherichia coli, radiation-resistant Deinococcus radiodurans, Antarctic Dry Valley isolates Brevundimonas sp. MV.7 and Rhodococcus sp. MV.10, and the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Detailed EEMs, representing the fluorescence signature of each organism, are presented, and the most significant features suitable for biosignature surveys are identified, including small-molecule cellular metabolites, light-harvesting photosynthetic pigments and extracellular UV-screening compounds. E. coli exhibits the most intense emission from tryptophan, presumably due to the absence of UV-screening pigments that would shield the organism from short-wavelength light-exciting intracellular fluorescence. The efficacy of commonly available laser diodes for exciting cellular fluorescence is treated, along with the most appropriate filter wavelengths for imaging systems. The best combination of available laser diodes and PanCam filters aboard the ExoMars probe is proposed. The possibility of detecting fluorescence excited by solar UV radiation in freshly exposed surface samples by imaging when both sunlit and shadowed, perhaps by the body of the rover itself, is discussed. We also study how these biological fluorophore molecules may be degraded, and thus the potential biosignatures erased, by the high flux of far-ultraviolet light on Mars.