bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The late positive potential: a neurophysiological marker for emotion regulation in children
Authors: Dennis Tracy A. , Hajcak Greg 
Published: September 2009

Background:  The ability to modulate emotional responses, or emotion regulation, is a key mechanism in the development of mood disruptions. Detection of a neural marker for emotion regulation thus has the potential to inform early detection and intervention for mood problems. One such neural marker may be the late positive potential (LPP), which is a scalp‐recorded event‐related potential reflecting facilitated attention to emotional stimuli. In adults, the LPP is reduced following use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal. No studies to date have examined the LPP in relation to cognitive emotion regulation in children, and whether the LPP is related to parent‐report measures of emotion regulation and mood disruptions.Methods:  To examine this question, high‐density electroencephalograph (EEG) was recorded from 20 children (M age = 87.8 months, SD = 18.02; 10 girls) while they viewed unpleasant emotional pictures following either a directed negative or neutral interpretation of the picture.Results:  As predicted, the LPP was smaller following neutral versus negative interpretations at posterior recording sites, except for younger girls (aged 5–6). The timing of this effect was later than that reported in studies with adults. For all children, greater modulation of the LPP by neutral interpretations was associated with reduced anxious‐depressed symptoms, whereas larger LPPs for both interpretation types were associated with greater mood symptoms and worse parent‐reported emotion regulation.Conclusions:  Results suggest that the LPP may represent a clinically relevant neural marker for emotion regulation and mood disruptions.
A new neosuchian crocodylomorph (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Early Cretaceous of north‐east Brazil
Authors: FORTIER DANIEL C. , SCHULTZ CESAR L. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract: A new neosuchian crocodylomorph,Susisuchus jaguaribensissp. nov., is described based on fragmentary but diagnostic material. It was found in fluvial‐braided sediments of the Lima Campos Basin, north‐eastern Brazil, 115 km from whereSusisuchus anatocepswas found, in rocks of the Crato Formation, Araripe Basin.S. jaguaribensisandS. anatocepsshare a squamosal–parietal contact in the posterior wall of the supratemporal fenestra. A phylogenetic analysis places the genusSusisuchusas the sister group to Eusuchia, confirming earlier studies. Because of its position, we recovered the family name Susisuchidae, but with a new definition, being node‐based group including the last common ancestor ofSusisuchus anatocepsandSusisuchus jaguaribensisand all of its descendents. This new species corroborates the idea that the origin of eusuchians was a complex evolutionary event and that the fossil record is still very incomplete.
Redescription of Drepanopterus abonensis (Chelicerata: Eurypterida: Stylonurina) from the late Devonian of Portishead, UK
Authors: LAMSDELL JAMES C. , BRADDY SIMON J. , TETLIE O. E. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract:  Stylonurid eurypterids (Arthropoda: Chelicerata) include some of the largest known arthropods – bizarre sweep‐feeding hibbertopterids from the Carboniferous to end‐Permian. New material of Drepanopterus abonensis, a stylonurid from the Late Devonian (Famennian) of Portishead, south‐west England, offers key insights into this genus and its affinities. A redescription utilising the new material enables D. abonensis to be assigned as basal member of the Superfamily Hibbertopteroidea, the large‐sweep‐feeding forms, possessing a cleft metastoma and blades (modified blunt spines) on their anterior prosomal appendages. D. abonensis also shares characters such as a clavate telson and median ridge on the carapace with the proposed hibbertopteroid sister group the Kokomopteroidea. Hibbertopteroid eurypterids are the most long‐ranging stylonurids, surviving the decline and extinction of the other eurypterid families in the Late Devonian, their survival probably because of their sweep‐feeding mode of life, which was not in direct competition with their eurypterine relatives and other predators.
The Luliangshan garnet peridotite massif of the North Qaidam UHPM belt, NW China ‐ a review of its origin and metamorphic evolution
Authors: SONG S. G. , NIU Y. L. , ZHANG L. F. , BUCHER K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe Luliangshan garnet peridotite massif is an ultramafic complex in the North Qaidam UHPM belt, NW China. The strongly layered complex comprising garnet‐bearing dunite, garnet‐harzburgite, garnet‐lherzolite and garnet‐pyroxenite and garnet‐free dunite, occurs together with eclogite embedded in various continental gneisses. The geological setting, the internal structure, bulk‐composition, rare earth elements, isotopic and mineral composition data show that the garnet peridotite derives from a middle Ordovician Alaskan‐type layered sub‐arc cumulate intrusion of ascending mantle wedge melts. An abyssal peridotite protolith can be excluded. During the Ordovician‐Silurian continental collision, thickening and foundering, the Luliangshan peridotite complex was exposed to ultrahigh pressures (UHP) reaching 5.5 GPa possibly >6 GPa at temperatures of 900 °C (perhaps up to 1000 °C) corresponding to a depth of ∼200 km. The extreme pressure conditions have been derived from thermobarometry using mineral compositions of the garnet peridotite assemblages, but they are supported by a wealth of decompression‐induced mineral exsolutions in UHP minerals and by diamond inclusion in zircon. The Luliangshan garnet peridotite has experienced four stages of retrograde overprint during exhumation that lasted into the Devonian: (i) decompression‐induced unmixing of the UHP minerals; (ii) garnet kelyphitisation; (iii) amphibole overprinting and (iv) serpentinization. Hydrous minerals occurring within peak metamorphic assemblage represent pseudo‐inclusions, that is reaction products of reactions related to various stages of decompression and cooling rather than prograde inclusions during porphyroblast growth.
Ultrastructural Changes in Axons Following Exposure to Pulsed Radiofrequency Fields
Authors: Erdine Serdar , Bilir Ayhan , Cosman Eric R. , Cosman Jr. Eric R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPulsed radiofrequency (PRF) fields applied by an electrode to neural structures, such as the peripheral sensory nociceptor axons and dorsal root ganglion, are clinically effective in reducing pain and other neuropathic syndromes. However, a full understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which this occurs has not yet been clarified. In this study, PRF is applied to the afferent axons of the sciatic nerves of rats. A standard radiofrequency (RF) electrode and RF generator is used to apply the RF signal output to the sciatic nerve using standard PRF parameters that have been successfully used in clinical practice. The ultrastructure of the treated axons is observed after 10 days by electron microscopy. A control, sham application is simultaneously applied to the contralateral sciatic nerve to provide a statistical differential comparison. It is found that the internal ultrastructural components of the axons show microscopic damage after PRF exposure, including: abnormal membranes and morphology of mitochondria, and disruption and disorganization of microfilaments and microtubules. The damage appears to be more pronounced for C‐fibers than for A‐delta and A‐beta fibers. The results are discussed in terms of internal electric field strengths and thermodynamic parameters.
Emergency Medicine and Political Influence
Authors: Hemphill Robin R. , Sklar David P. , Christopher Theodore , Kellermann Arthur L. , Tarrant James R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe 2008 election brought sweeping political change to Washington, DC. For a variety of reasons, there is also substantial political momentum for reform of our health care system. At the 2008 Association of American Medical Colleges meeting in San Antonio, Texas, the Association of Academic Chairs of Emergency Medicine, meeting in conjunction with the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, chose to examine the topic of “advocacy and political influence.” This article summarizes comments made at the meeting and develops the argument that expertise in health policy and political advocacy are valuable skills that should be considered legitimate components of scholarly activity in academic emergency medicine. Strategies for effective advocacy of issues relevant to emergency medicine and emergency patient care are also discussed.
Comparative in situ topoproteome analysis reveals differences in patch test‐induced eczema: cytotoxicity‐dominated nickel versus pleiotrope pollen reaction
Authors: Eyerich Kilian , Böckelmann Raik , Pommer Ansgar J. , Foerster Stefanie , Hofmeister Henning , Huss‐Marp Johannes , Cavani Andrea , Behrendt Heidrun , Ring Johannes , Gollnick Harald , Bonnekoh Bernd , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia 
Published: September 2009

Please cite this paper as: Comparative in situ topoproteome analysis reveals differences in patch test‐induced eczema: cytotoxicity‐dominated nickel versus pleiotrope pollen reaction. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 511–517.Abstract:  A subgroup of patients with atopic eczema develops acute eczematous reactions to type I allergy‐inducing agents such as pollen that clinically resemble type IV allergies induced by haptens like metal ions. To clarify the underlying immunologic mechanisms, this study was designed to map the inflammatory in situ topoproteome of eczematous responses to grass/birch pollen and nickel by using atopy patch test (APT) and nickel patch test (NPT) as an appropriate clinical model, respectively. Biopsies from NPT (n = 6) and APT (n = 6) with positive reactions at 72 h were analysed by multiple epitope ligand cartography (MELC), which enabled to investigate coexpression of 49 different epitopes immunohistochemically in a single given tissue section. Colocalisation of IgE and FcεRI was investigated by confocal microscopy. Compared with APT responses, NPT reactions were dominated by cytotoxic TIA‐1 + and CD8 +  T cells. In contrast, the immune response in APT reactions appeared more pleiotrope – as detected by colocalisation analysis. Multiple combinatorial molecular phenotype (CMP) motifs containing naive, early maturation and memory T cell (CD45RA, CD7, CD44, CD45R0), and general activation markers (CLA, HLA‐DR, CD13, CD29, CD58, CD71, CD138) were significantly higher expressed in APT when compared with NPT reactions. APT response was confirmed to be accompanied by IgE bound to FcεRI. In summary, our results demonstrate that the NPT reaction is clearly dominated by cytotoxic events, while the APT reaction to pollen grains is more heterogeneous and elicits a combined humoral and cellular immune reaction.
Effects of N-acetylcysteine on substance use in bipolar disorder: A randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bernardo Michelle , Dodd Seetal , Gama Clarissa S. , Copolov David L , Dean Olivia , Kohlmann Kristy , Jeavons Susan , Schapkaitz Ian , Anderson-Hunt Murray , Bush Ashley I , Berk Michael 
Published: September 2009

Objective:To evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on substance use in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of NAC in bipolar disorder. It is hypothesised that NAC will be superior to placebo for reducing scores on the Clinical Global Impressions scale for Substance Use (CGI-SU).Methods:Participants were randomised to a 6-months of treatment with 2 g/day NAC (n = 38) or placebo (n = 37). Substance use was assessed at baseline using a Habits instrument. Change in substance use was assessed at regular study visits using the CGI-SU.Results:Among the 75 participants 78.7% drank alcohol (any frequency), 45.3% smoked tobacco and 92% consumed caffeine. Other substances were used by fewer than six participants. Caffeine use was significantly lower for NAC-treated participants compared to placebo at week 2 of treatment but not at other study visits.Conclusions:NAC appeared to have little effect on the participants who were using substances. A larger study on a substance-using population will be necessary to determine if NAC may be a useful treatment for substance use.
The management of patients with hip fractures who are taking Clopidogrel
Authors: Sim Welkee , Gonski Peter N 
Published: September 2009

Aim:  To assess the outcomes of patients with acute proximal hip fractures who were taking Clopidogrel.Method:  A retrospective study of 135 patients with proximal hip fractures. Demographic data and clinical outcomes were collected via review of hospital medical records.Results:  21 patients taking Clopidogrel on admission were compared with 114 patients not on Clopidogrel. The groups were similar in their baseline characteristics. Postoperative haemoglobin and wound haematoma, hospital length of stay and death rate were similar in both groups even when the patients on Clopidogrel were operated on within 2 days of fracture. Days to surgery were longer in the Clopidogrel group than the control group (3.5 vs 0.9).Conclusions:  This study demonstrated that patients on Clopidogrel do not have a worse outcome than those who were not taking the medication. We feel that it is safe to perform surgery as soon as possible.
The thioflavin T fluorescence assay for amyloid fibril detection can be biased by the presence of exogenous compounds
Authors: Hudson Sean A. , Ecroyd Heath , Kee Tak W. , Carver John A. 
Published: September 2009

Thioflavin T (ThT) dye fluorescence is used regularly to quantify the formation and inhibition of amyloid fibrils in the presence of anti‐amyloidogenic compounds such as polyphenols. However, in this study, it was shown, using three polyphenolics (curcumin, quercetin and resveratrol), that ThT fluorescence should be used with caution in the presence of such exogenous compounds. The strong absorptive and fluorescent properties of quercetin and curcumin were found to significantly bias the ThT fluorescence readings in both in situ real‐time ThT assays and single time‐point dilution ThT‐type assays. The presence of curcumin at concentrations as low as 0.01 and 1 μm was sufficient to interfere with the ThT fluorescence associated with fibrillar amyloid‐β(1‐42) (0.5 μm) and fibrillar reduced and carboxymethylated κ‐casein (50 μm), respectively. The ThT fluorescence associated with fibrillar amyloid‐β(1‐42) was also biased using higher concentrations of resveratrol, a polyphenol that is not spectroscopically active at the wavelengths of ThT fluorescence, implying that there can be direct interactions between ThT and the exogenous compound and/or competitive binding with ThT for the fibrils. Thus, in all cases where ThT is used in the presence of an exogenous compound, biases for amyloid‐associated ThT fluorescence should be tested, regardless of whether the additive is spectroscopically active. Simple methods to conduct these tests were described. The Congo red spectral shift assay is demonstrated as a more viable spectrophotometric alternative to ThT, but allied methods, such as transmission electron microscopy, should also be used to assess fibril formation independently of dye‐based assays.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7259867: RCMκ‐CN (uniprotkb:P02668) and RCMκ‐CN (uniprotkb:P02668) bind (MI:0407) by electron microscopy (MI:0040)
MINT‐7258930: RCMκ‐CN (uniprotkb:P02668) and RCMκ‐CN (uniprotkb:P02668) bind (MI:0407) by fluorescence technologies (MI:0051)
MINT‐7259878: Amyloid beta (uniprotkb:P05067) and Amyloid beta (uniprotkb:P05067) bind (MI:0407) by fluorescence technologies (MI:0051)
Risk Factors for Individual Domains of Female Sexual Function
Authors: Jiann Bang-Ping , Su Cheng-Chen , Yu Chia-Cheng , Wu Tony T. , Huang Jong-Khing 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Female sexual function contains four major subtypes of desire, arousal, orgasm, and pain. Few studies used validated instruments to determine the dysfunction in these areas and assess their risk factors.

Aim
To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for individual components of sexual difficulty in women.

Methods
A self-administered questionnaire containing the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was given to 2,159 woman employees of two hospitals to assess their sexual function and its correlates.

Main Outcome Measures
The associations between female sexual difficulty in individual domains defined by the FSFI domain scores and potential risk factors assessed by simple questions.

Results
Among the 1,580 respondents, 930 women’s data were eligible for analysis with a mean age of 36.1 years (range 20–67). Of them, 43.8% had sexual difficulty in one or more domains, including low desire in 31.3%; low arousal, 18.2%; low lubrication, 4.8%; low orgasmic function, 10.4%; low satisfaction, 7.3%; and sexual pain, 10.5%. Compared with the younger women (20–49 years), the oldest age group (50–67 years) had a significantly higher prevalence in low desire, low arousal, and low lubrication, but not in the other domains. Based on multivariate logistic regression analyses, poor relationship with the partner and perception of partner’s sexual dysfunction were major risk factors for low desire, low arousal, low orgasmic function, and low satisfaction. Age and urge urinary incontinence were associated with low lubrication and sexual pain. Most comorbidities were not related to these difficulties, except diabetes being related to low desire.

Conclusions
Relationship factors had substantial impact on female sexual function in desire, arousal, orgasm, and satisfaction. On the other hand, women’s lubrication problem and sexual pain were related predominantly with biological factors. These are initial results and future research is needed to confirm them.
Female Youth Who Sexually Coerce: Prevalence, Risk, and Protective Factors in Two National High School Surveys
Authors: Kjellgren Cecilia , Priebe Gisela , Svedin Carl Göran , Mossige Svein , Långström Niklas 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual coercion is recognized as a serious societal problem. Correlates and risk factors of sexually abusive behavior in females are not well known.

Aim
Etiological theory and empirical study of female perpetrators of sexual coercion are usually based on small or highly selected samples. Specifically, population-based data are needed to elucidate risk/protective factors.

Main Outcome Measures
Main outcome measures include a self-report questionnaire containing 65 items tapping socio-demographic and health conditions, social relations, sexual victimization, conduct problems and a set of normative and deviant sexual cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors.

Methods
We used a 2003–2004 survey of sexual attitudes and experiences among high school students in Norway and Sweden to identify risk factors and correlates to sexually coercive behavior (response rate 80%); 4,363 females participated (Mean = 18.1 years).

Results
Thirty-seven women (0.8%) reported sexual coercion (ever talked someone into, used pressure, or forced somebody to have sex). Sexually coercive compared with non-coercive women were similar on socio-demographic variables, but reported less parental care and more parental overprotection, aggression, depressive symptoms, and substance misuse. Also, sexually coercive females reported more sexual lust, sex partners, penetrative sexual victimization, rape myths, use of violent porn, and friends more likely to use porn. When using the Swedish subsample to differentiate risk factors specific for sexual coercion from those for antisocial behavior in general, we found less cannabis use, but more sexual preoccupation, pro-rape attitudes, and friends using violent porn in sexually coercive compared with non-sex conduct problem females.

Conclusions
Sexually coercive behavior in high school women was associated with general risk/needs factors for antisocial behavior, but also with specific sexuality-related risk factors. This differential effect has previously been overlooked, agrees with similar findings in men, and should have substantial etiological importance.
The Management of Erectile Dysfunction with Placebo Only: Does it Work?
Authors: De Araujo Artur Carvalho , Da Silva Fernando Gomes , Salvi Fernando , Awad Monique Carvalho , Da Silva Eloísio Alexsandro , Damião Ronaldo 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Randomized clinical trials (RCT) remain the gold standard in providing scientific evidence in medical practice in spite of the significant placebo effect in the treatment of several disorders. Although the first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) is oral phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor (iPDE5), the placebo effect in RCT of iPDE5 for ED occurs at a rate as high as 50%.

Aims
To evaluate the role of therapeutic illusion in the oral treatment for ED.

Methods
A prospective, controlled, single-blind, parallel-group study was performed at single-center. One hundred and twenty-three patients with ED were randomly assigned into three groups and received different letters: Group 1 (G1) was informed to be receiving a substance for ED treatment; Group 2 (G2) was informed that they could be receiving an active drug or placebo; Group 3 (G3) was conscious to be using placebo. Starch capsules were dispensed to all patients. Median follow up was 12 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures
ED improvement was assessed after 8 weeks of the intervention by the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the Quality of Erection Questionnaire. ED severity was classified by the IIEF erectile function (IIEF-EF) domain score into five categories: no ED (score of 26–30), mild (22–25), mild to moderate (17–21), moderate (11–16), and severe (6–10). Improvement in IIEF-EF domain was considered as a change in category of severity.

Results
ED severity improved in all three groups (G1 = 31.7%, P = 0.039; G2 = 36.8%, P = 0.028; G3 = 36.8%, P = 0.002) and no difference was found among groups (P = 0.857). Improvement of quality of erection score was only significant in G2 (P = 0.005) and G3 (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Written-suggested therapeutic illusion for patients with ED has no major influence in the outcomes. However, treatment of ED with oral placebo capsules demonstrates clinical effects, improving erectile function and quality of erection.