bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hot Gas Filtration
Authors: Heidenreich Steffen 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAuch wenn bereits viele Heißgasfiltersysteme in Betrieb sind, so ist doch die Heißgasfiltration mit all ihren Aspekten immer noch relativ unbekannt. Die Heißgasfiltration bietet in vielen Fällen erhebliche Vorteile. So können z. B. Prozesse vereinfacht und intensiviert oder die Prozesseffizienz gesteigert werden, Produktverunreinigungen und Verblockungen durch Kondensations‐ oder Desublimationsvorgänge vermieden sowie nachgeschaltete Anlagenteile geschützt werden. Nach einer Betrachtung der grundlegenden Besonderheiten der Filtration bei hohen Temperaturen wird eine Übersicht über Filtermedien und ‐systeme für die Heißgasfiltration gegeben. Anwendungen werden dargestellt und ausführlich beschrieben.
Electron paramagnetic resonance as a sensitive tool to assess the iron oxide content in cells for MRI cell labeling studies
Authors: Danhier P. , De Preter G. , Boutry S. , Mahieu I. , Leveque P. , Magat J. , Haufroid V. , Sonveaux P. , Bouzin C. , Feron O. , Muller R. N. , Jordan B. F. , Gallez B. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTMRI cell tracking is a promising technique to track various cell types (stem cells, tumor cells, etc.) in living animals. Usually, cells are incubated with iron oxides (T2 contrast agent) in order to take up the particles before being injected in vivo. Iron oxide quantification is important in such studies for validating the labeling protocols and assessing the dilution of the particles with cell proliferation. We here propose to implement electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) as a very sensitive method to quantify iron oxide concentration in cells. Iron oxide particles exhibit a unique EPR spectrum, which directly reflects the number of particles in a sample. In order to compare EPR with existing methods (Perls's Prussian blue reaction, ICP‐MS and fluorimetry), we labeled tumor cells (melanoma and renal adenocarcinoma cell lines) and fibroblasts with fluorescent iron oxide particles, and determined the limits of detection of the different techniques. We show that EPR is a very sensitive technique and is specific for iron oxide quantification as measurements are not affected by endogenous iron. As a consequence, EPR is well adapted to perform ex vivo analysis of tissues after cell tracking experiments in order to confirm MRI results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase 2 trial of maintenance bevacizumab alone after bevacizumab plus pemetrexed and carboplatin in advanced, nonsquamous nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Stevenson James P. , Langer Corey J. , Somer Robert A. , Evans Tracey L. , Rajagopalan Kumar , Krieger Kimberly , Jacobs‐Small Mona , Dyanick Nikolas , Milcarek Barry , Coakley Susan , Walker Suzanne , Eaby‐Sandy Beth , Hageboutros Alexandre 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors performed a phase 2 study of bevacizumab plus pemetrexed and carboplatin followed by maintenance bevacizumab in patients with advanced, nonsquamous nonsmall cell lung cancer.METHODS:Previously untreated patients with advanced, nonsquamous nonsmall cell lung cancer and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 received bevacizumab 15 mg/kg, pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 and carboplatin at an area under the concentration‐time curve of 6 intravenously on day 1 every 21 days. Responding or stable patients who completed 6 cycles then received bevacizumab maintenance every 21 days until disease progression.RESULTS:In total, 43 patients (40 who were evaluable for response) were entered on the study. Treatment‐related grade 3/4 toxicities were low and included febrile neutropenia (2%), neutropenia (28%), anemia (18%), thrombocytopenia (11%), hypertension (7%), epistaxis (5%), venous thrombosis (8%), dyspnea (7%), rectovaginal fistula (2.3%), infusion reaction (2%), and cerebrovascular event (2%). One patient died from complications of venous thromboembolism and cerebrovascular accident after Cycle 2. Minimal clinically significant toxicity occurred during maintenance bevacizumab. Two complete responses (5%) were observed, and 17 patients (42%) had a partial response. Fifteen patients (38%) displayed disease stability. The overall disease control rate was 85%. At a median follow‐up of 15.8 months, the median progression‐free survival was 7.1 months (95% confidence interval, 5.9‐8.3 months), and the median overall survival was 17.1 months (95% confidence interval, 8.8‐25.5 months).CONCLUSIONS:Combined bevacizumab, pemetrexed, and carboplatin followed by maintenance bevacizumab was well tolerated and displayed remarkable activity in patients with previously untreated, advanced, nonsquamous nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Impact of diagnosis and treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer on health‐related quality of life for older Americans
Authors: Reeve Bryce B. , Stover Angela M. , Jensen Roxanne E. , Chen Ronald C. , Taylor Kathryn L. , Clauser Steven B. , Collins Sean P. , Potosky Arnold L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Few studies have measured longitudinal changes in health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among patients with prostate cancer starting before their cancer diagnosis or have provided simultaneous comparisons with a matched noncancer cohort. In the current study, the authors addressed these gaps by providing unique estimates of the effects of a cancer diagnosis on HRQOL accounting for the confounding effects of ageing and comorbidity.METHODS:Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry were linked with Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (MHOS) data. Eligible patients (n = 445) were Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years from 1998 to 2003 whose first prostate cancer diagnosis occurred between their baseline and follow‐up MHOS. By using propensity score matching, 2225 participants without cancer were identified from the MHOS data. Analysis of covariance models were used to estimate changes in HRQOL as assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 survey and the activities of daily living scale.RESULTS:Before diagnosis, patients with prostate cancer reported HRQOL similar to that of men without cancer. After diagnosis, men with prostate cancer experienced significant decrements in physical, mental, and social aspects of their lives relative to controls, especially within the first 6 months after diagnosis. For men who were surveyed beyond 1 year after diagnosis, HRQOL was similar to that for controls. However, an increased risk for major depressive disorder was observed among men who received either conservative management or external beam radiation.CONCLUSIONS:The current findings illustrated the time‐sensitive nature of decline in HRQOL after a cancer diagnosis and enhanced understanding of the impact of prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment on physical, mental, and social well being among older men. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Clinicopathologic features, patterns of recurrence, and survival among women with triple‐negative breast cancer in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network
Authors: Lin Nancy U. , Vanderplas Ann , Hughes Melissa E. , Theriault Richard L. , Edge Stephen B. , Wong Yu‐Ning , Blayney Douglas W. , Niland Joyce C. , Winer Eric P. , Weeks Jane C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to describe clinicopathologic features, patterns of recurrence, and survival according to breast cancer subtype with a focus on triple‐negative tumors.METHODS:In total, 15,204 women were evaluated who presented to National Comprehensive Cancer Network centers with stage I through III breast cancer between January 2000 and December 2006. Tumors were classified as positive for estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) (hormone receptor [HR]‐positive) and negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2); positive for HER2 and any ER or PR status (HER2‐positive); or negative for ER, PR, and HER2 (triple‐negative).RESULTS:Subtype distribution was triple‐negative in 17% of women (n = 2569), HER2‐positive in 17% of women (n = 2602), and HR‐positive/HER2‐negative in 66% of women (n = 10,033). The triple‐negative subtype was more frequent in African Americans compared with Caucasians (adjusted odds ratio, 1.98; P < .0001). Premenopausal women, but not postmenopausal women, with high body mass index had an increased likelihood of having the triple‐negative subtype (P = .02). Women with triple‐negative cancers were less likely to present on the basis of an abnormal screening mammogram (29% vs 48%; P < .0001) and were more likely to present with higher tumor classification, but they were less likely to have lymph node involvement. Relative to HR‐positive/HER2‐negative tumors, triple‐negative tumors were associated with a greater risk of brain or lung metastases; and women with triple‐negative tumors had worse breast cancer‐specific and overall survival, even after adjusting for age, disease stage, race, tumor grade, and receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy (overall survival: adjusted hazard ratio, 2.72; 95% confidence interval, 2.39‐3.10; P < .0001). The difference in the risk of death by subtype was most dramatic within the first 2 years after diagnosis (overall survival for 0‐2 years: OR, 6.10; 95% confidence interval, 4.81‐7.74).CONCLUSIONS:Triple‐negative tumors were associated with unique risk factors and worse outcomes compared with HR‐positive/HER2‐negative tumors. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
The long‐term outcome of treated high‐risk nonmuscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Thomas Francis , Rosario Derek J. , Rubin Naomi , Goepel John R. , Abbod Maysam F. , Catto James W. F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The treatment of high‐risk nonmuscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is difficult given its unpredictable natural history and patient comorbidities. Because current case series are mostly limited in size, the authors report the outcomes from a large, single‐center series.METHODS:The authors reviewed all patients with primary, high‐risk NMIBC at their institution from 1994 to 2010. Outcomes were matched with clinicopathologic data. Patients who had muscle invasion within 6 months or had insufficient follow‐up (<6 months) were excluded. Correlations were analyzed using multivariable Cox regression and log‐rank analysis (2‐sided; P < .05).RESULTS:In total, 712 patients (median age, 73.7 years) were included. Progression to muscle invasion occurred in 110 patients (15.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13%‐18.3%) at a median of 17.2 months (interquartile range, 8.9‐35.8 months), including 26.5% (95% CI, 22.2%‐31.3%) of the 366 patients who had >5 years follow‐up. Progression was associated with age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; P = .007), dysplastic urothelium (HR, 1.6; P = .003), urothelial cell carcinoma variants (HR, 3.2; P = .001), and recurrence (HR, 18.3; P < .001). Disease‐specific mortality occurred in 134 patients (18.8%; 95% CI, 16.1%‐21.9%) at a median of 28 months (interquartile range, 15‐45 months), including 28.7% (95% CI, 24.5%‐33.3%) of those who had 5 years of follow‐up. Disease‐specific mortality was associated with age (HR, 1.1; P < .001), stage (HR, 1.7; P = .003), dysplasia (HR, 1.3; P = .05), and progression (HR, 5.2; P < .001). Neither progression nor disease‐specific mortality were associated with the receipt of bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (P > .6).CONCLUSIONS:Within a program of conservative treatment, progression of high‐risk NMIBC was associated with a poor prognosis. Surveillance and bacillus Calmette‐Guerin were ineffective in altering the natural history of this disease. The authors concluded that the time has come to rethink the paradigm of management of this disease. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Conformational Distributions of N‐Acetyl‐L‐cysteine in Aqueous Solutions: A Combined Implicit and Explicit Solvation Treatment of VA and VCD Spectra
Authors: Poopari Mohammad Reza , Dezhahang Zahra , Yang Guochun , Xu Yunjie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe conformational distributions of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NALC) in aqueous solutions at several representative pH values are investigated using vibrational absorption (VA), UV/Vis, and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy, together with DFT and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The experimental VA and UV/Vis spectra of NALC in water are obtained under strongly acid, neutral, and strongly basic conditions, as well as the VCD spectrum at pH 7 in D2O. Extensive searches are carried out to locate the most stable conformers of the protonated, neutral, deprotonated, and doubly deprotonated NALC species at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level. The inclusion of the polarizable continuum model (PCM) modifies the geometries and the relative stabilities of the conformers noticeably. The simulated PCM VA spectra show significantly better agreement with the experimental data than the gas‐phase ones, thus allowing assignment of the conformational distributions and dominant species under each experimental condition. To further properly account for the discrepancies noted between the experimental and simulated VCD spectra, PCM and the explicit solvent model are utilized. MD simulations are used to aid the modelling of the NALC–(water)N clusters. The geometry optimization, harmonic frequency calculations, and VA and VCD intensities are computed for the NALC–(water)3,4 clusters at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level without and with the PCM. The inclusion of both explicit and implicit solvation models at the same time provides a decisively better agreement between theory and experiment and therefore conclusive information about the conformational distributions of NALC in water and hydrogen‐bonding interactions between NALC and water molecules.
The association studies of ADIPOQ with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese populations
Authors: Li Yiping , Yang Ying , Shi Li , Li Xianli , Zhang Ying , Yao Yufeng 
Published: April 2012

SummaryAdiponectin, which is secreted by the white adipose tissue, plays an important role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. Since 2002, many investigators explored the association between ADIPOQ single nucleotide polymorphisms and T2DM in different ethnic populations from different regions. In China, the results of numerous studies of the association between ADIPOQ and T2DM were not consistent, which may be caused by population‐specific effects or environmental effects. This review describes the association between ADIPOQ and T2DM, the metabolic characteristics and the complications of T2DM in Chinese populations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulated effect of soil depth and bedrock topography on near‐surface hydrologic response and slope stability
Authors: Lanni Cristiano , McDonnell Jeff , Hopp Luisa , Rigon Riccardo 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the effect of hillslope hydrological behavior on slope stability in the context of transient subsurface saturation development and landslide triggering. We perform a series of virtual experiments to address how subsurface topography affects the location and spatial pattern of slip surface development and pore pressure dynamics. We use a 3D Darcy–Richards equation solver (Hydrus 3‐D) combined with a cellular automata slope stability model to simulate the spatial propagation of the destabilized area. Our results showed that the soil–bedrock interface and in particular, bedrock depressions, played a key role in pore pressure dynamics, acting as an impedance for the downslope drainage of perched water. Filling and spilling of depressions in the bedrock surface microtopography induced localized zones of increased pressure head such that the development of pore‐pressure fields—not predictable by surface topography—lead to rapid landslide propagation. Our work suggests that landslide models should consider the subsurface topography in order to include a connectivity component in the mathematical description of hydrological processes operating at the hillslope scale. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes of squamous cell cancer of the oral tongue managed at the princess margaret hospital
Authors: Goldstein David P. , Bachar Gideon Y. , Lea Jane , Shrime Mark G. , Patel Rajan S. , Gullane Patrick J. , Brown Dale H. , Gilbert Ralph W. , Kim John , Waldron Jonathan , Perez–Ordonez Bayardo , Davis Aileen M. , Cheng Lu , Xu Wei , Irish Jonathan C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes and treatment in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral tongue, as well as validate previously reported predictors of survival.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 259 patients treated with curative intent between 1994 and 2004. Kaplan–Meier estimates, log‐rank test, and Cox regression models were used for statistical analysis.ResultsTwo hundred fifty‐nine patients were managed with surgery; 67 patients (25%) received adjuvant radiotherapy. Mean follow‐up was 60 months. The 5‐year local and regional control rates were 78% and 69.4%, respectively. The 5‐year overall, disease‐specific, and recurrence‐free survival rates were 69%, 70.9%, and 53%, respectively. The only significant predictor of both overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) on multivariable analysis was pathologic N classification.ConclusionTreatment of early tongue SCC effectively achieves local control and DFS. Nodal disease remains to be 1 of the most important prognostic factors in terms of recurrence and survival. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Molecular Alignment Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses and Its Impact on Molecular Motion
Authors: Fleischer Sharly , Khodorkovsky Yuri , Gershnabel Erez , Prior Yehiam , Averbukh Ilya Sh. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSpectroscopy aims at extracting information about matter through its interaction with light. However, when performed on gas and liquid phases as well as solid phases lacking long‐range order, the extracted spectroscopic features are in fact averaged over the molecular isotropic angular distributions. The reason is that light–matter processes depend on the angle between the transitional molecular dipole and the polarization of the light interacting with it. This understanding gave birth to the constantly expanding field of “laser‐induced molecular alignment”. In this paper, we attempt to guide the readers through our involvement (both experimental and theoretical) in this field in the last few years. We start with the basic phenomenon of molecular alignment induced by a single pulse, continue with selective alignment of close molecular species and unidirectional molecular rotation induced by two time‐delayed pulses, and lead up to novel schemes for manipulating the spatial distributions of molecular samples through rotationally controlled scattering off inhomogeneous fields and surfaces.
Quantum Control Landscape for a Λ‐atom in the Vicinity of Second‐Order Traps
Authors: Pechen Alexander N. , Tannor David J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe show that the second‐order traps in the control landscape for a three‐level Λ‐system found in our previous work (Phys. Rev. Lett.2011,106, 120402) are not local maxima: there exist directions in the space of controls in which the objective grows. The growth of the objective is slow — at best 4th order for weak variations of the control. This implies that simple gradient methods would be problematic in the vicinity of second‐order traps, where more sophisticated algorithms that exploit the higher order derivative information are necessary to climb up the control landscape efficiently. The theory is supported by a numerical investigation of the landscape in the vicinity of theε(t)=0 second‐order trap, performed using the GRAPE and BFGS algorithms.
Toxic effects of microcystin‐LR on the HepG2 cell line under hypoxic and normoxic conditions
Authors: Zhang Xin , Xie Ping , Zhang Xuezhen , Zhou Wenshan , Zhao Sujuan , Zhao Yanyan , Cai Yan 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTMicrocystins (MCs) are highly liver‐specific and evidenced as a liver tumor promoter. Oxidative stress is one of the most important toxicity mechanisms of MCs, which is tightly related to oxygen concentration. The effects of MCs on animals and cell lines in normoxia and the mechanisms have been well studied, but such effects in different oxygen conditions were still unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore the cellular response of the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) to MC‐LR exposure under hypoxic (1% O2) and normoxic (21% O2) conditions. We examined cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and gene expression posttoxin exposure. Cell viability was increased by MC‐LR in normoxia although decreased in hypoxia. MC‐LR markedly induced MMP loss under hypoxic condition but only slightly MMP loss under normoxic condition. SOD activity was significantly induced by MC‐LR in hypoxia, indicating prolonged oxidative stress. Inhibitory apoptosis protein (c‐IAP2) was significantly up‐regulated by MC‐LR under normoxic condition, suggesting that c‐IAP2 played an important role in the promotion of cell proliferation by MC‐LR. These results indicate that MC‐LR promotes cell proliferation under normoxic condition whereas induces cell apoptosis under hypoxic condition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular signal transduction can be induced by TRAIL conjugated to microcapsules
Authors: Wheatley Margaret A. , Cochran Michael C. , Eisenbrey John R. , Oum Kelleny L. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe extracellular agent tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) can induce apoptosis in tumor cells but spare normal cells. Ligation of TRAIL to a nanoparticle would serve to facilitate targeting to an extravascular site. Polymeric ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) (microencapsulated gas bubbles) can be tracked by ultrasound imaging, and fragmented into nanoparticles by focused ultrasound. This tumor‐targeted delivery system has been shown to deliver more efficiently than solid nanoparticles. Additionally, small molecule inhibitors such as bortezomib, shown to sensitize TRAIL‐resistant cells, could be co‐administered within these UCA. In this pilot study, TRAIL was conjugated to UCA while preserving the agent's sensitivity to ultrasound. Human cancer cell lines, OVCAR‐3 and A2058, were bathed with the TRAIL‐UCA with and without the addition of bortezomib. Apoptosis was quantified using flow cytometry. OVCAR‐3 treated with TRAIL‐UCA exhibit significant (p < 0.05) apoptotosis compared to unmodified UCA, equal to positive controls, but no synergistic effect when combined with bortezomib. A2058 cells treated with TRAIL‐UCA also exhibited significant apoptosis (p < 0.01) compared to unmodified UCA, similar to positive controls and bortezomib significantly increased apoptosis in combination with TRAIL‐UCA. We conclude that TRAIL‐ligated UCA show exciting potential as a new therapy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 100A: 2602–2611, 2012.
Pteros: Fast and easy to use open‐source C++ library for molecular analysis
Authors: Yesylevskyy Semen O. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn open‐source Pteros library for molecular modeling and analysis of molecular dynamics trajectories for C++ programming language is introduced. Pteros provides a number of routine analysis operations ranging from reading and writing trajectory files and geometry transformations to structural alignment and computation of nonbonded interaction energies. The library features asynchronous trajectory reading and parallel execution of several analysis routines, which greatly simplifies development of computationally intensive trajectory analysis algorithms. Pteros programming interface is very simple and intuitive while the source code is well documented and easily extendible. Pteros is available for free under open‐source Artistic License from http://sourceforge.net/projects/pteros/. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.