bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Fiber Reinforcement on the Dimensional Changes of Poly Methyl Methacrylate Resin after Processing and after Immersion in Water: An in vitro Study
Authors: Abraham Sathish , Ranganath LM , Shet Ravindra Ganguly Keshav , Rajesh AG 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Aims and objectives
To evaluate and compare the effect of fiber reinforcement on the dimensional changes of heat-cured poly (methyl methacrylate) resin after processing and immersion in water.

Materials and methods
Three different heat-cure resins were selected for the present study: (1) Nonreinforced heat-cure methyl methacrylate resin, (2) High Impact heat-cured methyl methacrylate resin and (3) Fiberglass reinforced methyl methacrylate resin. Ninety samples were prepared using three different resins and denture bases obtained for the same. The amount of space between the tissue surface and the cast in the anterior, middle and posterior regions is measured after processing and immersion in water for 17 days using a traveling microscope having a least count of 0.001 cm.

Results
Mean and standard deviation were calculated for the dimensional changes and were subjected to statistical analysis (Student t-test, unpaired). Among the three groups of resins, fiber reinforced heat-cured methyl methacrylate resin was found to be statistically highly significant in terms of dimensional changes when compared with the nonreinforced and high impact heat-cured resins.

Conclusion
Dimensional changes were evident in all the planes in the three groups studied and were in the following decreasing order—fiberglass reinforced heat-cured poly (methyl methacrylate) resin, high impact heat-cured poly (methyl methacrylate) resin and nonreinforced heat-cured poly (methyl methacrylate) resin.

Clinical significance
The fibers are added in order to increase the strength of acrylic resin. Considering only the strength may in turn affect the dimensional accuracy of the acrylic resin resulting in loss of retention and stability, affecting the fit of the denture.

How to cite this article
Ranganath LM, Shet RGK, AG Rajesh, Abraham S. The Effect of Fiber Reinforcement on the Dimensional Changes of Poly Methyl Methacrylate Resin after Processing and after Immersion in Water: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(4):305-317.
Is coagulation factor VIII a useful marker for colorectal carcinoma?
Authors: Schellerer Vera S. , Mueller-Bergh Larissa , Merkel Susanne , Zimmermann Robert , Weiss Dominik R. , Schildberg Claus , Hohenberger Werner , Croner Roland S. 
Published: November 2011

Background and Objective Increased thromboembolic events are well known in patients suffering from malignant diseases. In the following pilot study, we investigated the usefulness of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) as a possible prognostic marker in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Methods Plasma FVIII levels were measured in 79 patients with CRC, correlated with tumor characteristics, and compared with normal ranges of blood group (BG) 0 and BG A/AB/B and with 19 control patients. Results In CRC patients mean FVIII levels were elevated compared with controls (BG 0: p=0.283, BG A/AB/B: p=0.001) and normal ranges. Interestingly, mean FVIII levels varied significantly in different blood groups (p=0.002). UICC stage I CRC patients presented with mean FVIII plasma levels within normal ranges, whereas UICC stage II-IV CRC patients presented with elevated FVIII plasma levels. In BG A/AB/B a significantly elevated FVIII level was found in G2 compared with G1 tumors (p< 0.001). Patients with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen also showed significantly elevated FVIII levels (p=0.050). FVIII levels at time of surgery did not correlate with survival within the first 2 years following surgery. Conclusion In this pilot study, we demonstrated that FVIII plasma levels are elevated in patients with CRC and affected by T-stage and differentiation of the tumor. Whether FVIII is a clinical useful marker needs to be tested in a larger cohort.
Meeting Opposites:
Authors: de Wilde Marc 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the critical dialogue between Walter Benjamin and Carl Schmitt, to which a letter and several references in their work testify. It shows how affinities and differences between their respective positions can be explained from a shared theologico-political approach. Both authors believe that, in spite of secularization, political phenomena can only be adequately understood in light of certain theological concepts, images, and metaphors. However, they explain these theologico-political analogies differently. Whereas Schmitt advocates the authoritarian state, which he compares to God’s omnipotence, Benjamin endorses the proletarian revolution, in which he recognizes traces of a divine law-destroying violence. Challenging existing interpretations, this article shows how the political theologies of Benjamin and Schmitt are not static but developed in the course of their dialogue, in which both authors respond to each other’s criticism by changing and correcting their own positions in significant ways.
Each Thing a Thief:
Authors: Ng Julia 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTIn this article Julia Ng addresses the question of material agency. Drawing on an idea that emerges from Marx’s reading of Shakespeare’s Timon to the effect that humanity’s relationship to objects is characterized by “cannibalism,” a usurious relationship based on exploitation and thievery, Ng argues that Benjamin’s unique mixing of materialism and the theological serves as an answer to the dilemma of cannibalism and human nature. Looking in particular at Benjamin’s 1931 essay on Karl Kraus—which also discusses Timon—Ng shows that for Benjamin, there is a redemption for this cannibalism, one that is found through recourse to the idea of letting “justice befall the object as such” and, by extension, through the development of a positive determination of life as such as well.
Qatar Interprofessional Health Council: IPE for Qatar
Authors: Johnson Brad , Pyburn Renee , Bolan Christine , Byrne Carolyn , Jewesson Peter , Robertson-Malt Suzanne , El-Tawil Mohamed , Verjee Mohamud 
Published: December 2011

AbstractQatar has grown rapidly over the past 10 years particularly in the areas of healthcare needs and provisioning. The population has grown from 617,000 in 2000 to over 1.7 million in 2010. The number of hospitals both private and public has nearly doubled with the number of healthcare workers surpassing 11,000 in 2011. To help meet the demand for trained healthcare professionals there are now 4 educational institutions in Qatar addressing medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and allied healthcare (School of Health Sciences at the College of the North Atlantic – Qatar, College of Pharmacy at Qatar University, University of Calgary – Qatar, and Weill-Cornell Medical College in Qatar).The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified a need to integrate all areas of healthcare and to foster team-based collaborative models to help improve healthcare service delivery. Interprofessional Education (IPE) provides a framework to facilitate such a model. A truly comprehensive and inclusive IPE program would include agreement on IPE competencies (shared competencies) amongst and between all healthcare educational providers (pre- and post-licensure) accompanied by collaborative models that promote and facilitate working together as teams. Measures of success include meeting the shared IPE competencies.This paper describes the formation of the Qatar Interprofessional Health Council (QIHC) to help address healthcare needs in Qatar and their efforts to move IPE forward in the state and in the region. The QIHC consists of members from the 4 healthcare educational institutions in Qatar as well as members from Sidra Medical and Research Center and Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC). A discussion of barriers and solutions is included as well as the efforts of the member institutions to provide IPE support and integration into their programs. The QIHC has recently been awarded a National Priorities Research Program (NPRP) research grant to help provide a solid and contextually appropriate framework for IPE in Qatar.
Aflatoxins B1 and B2 Contamination of Peanut and Peanut Products and Subsequent Microwave Detoxification
Authors: Mobeen A.K. , Aftab A. , Asif A. , Zuzzer A.S. 
Published: November 2011

The effectiveness of microwave heating has been evaluated for the detoxification of aflatoxins contaminated peanut and peanut products. The products comprise of various confectionery such as peanut brittle toffee, peanut brittle slabs of sugar and jaggery, roasted and salted peanut and peanut butter which were highly contaminated with aflatoxins B1 ranging from 5 to 183µg/kg and aflatoxin B2 ranging from 7 to 46.7µg/kg. The level of aflatoxins was determined and subsequently products were treated to microwave heating, which resulted in the reduction of aflatoxins content. The microwave cooking resulted in 50 to 60 % reduction in the levels of aflatoxins B1, while B2 was reduced to non-detectable limits.
Biomodification of cloisite Na+ with L‐methionine amino acid and preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol)/organoclay nanocomposite films
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Dinari Mohammad 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPolymer/layered‐silicate hybrids nanocomposites have attracted strong interest in today's materials research, as it is possible to achieve impressive enhancements of material properties compared to the pure polymers. In the present investigation, at first, Cloisite Na+ was modified by protonated form of natural L‐methionine amino acid via ion‐exchange reaction to created chiral organonanoclay. Gallery spacing, interlamellar structure, and thermal stability of this novel chiral organonanoclay have been characterized using different techniques. Then it was used to fabrication of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/organonanoclay nanocomposite films (NCF)s with various compositions using solution casting method by ultrasound‐assisted method. The films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy, and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, thermal and optical clarity properties were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and UV–visible transmission spectra, respectively. The TEM and XRD structure study revealed a coexistence of exfoliated and intercalated organonanoclay in the PVA matrix. The addition of organoclay into the PVA origins increases in the thermal decomposition temperatures of the NCFs. This enhancement in the thermal stability is owing to the presence of organonanoclay, which act as barriers to maximize the heat insulation and to minimize the permeability of volatile degradation products to the material. At the same time, the optical clarity of PVA/organonanoclay NCFs is not decreased in comparison with that of pure PVA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Dispensability of APRIL to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus in NZM 2328 mice
Authors: Jacob Chaim O. , Guo Shunhua , Jacob Noam , Pawar Rahul D. , Putterman Chaim , Quinn William J. , Cancro Michael P. , Migone Thi‐Sau , Stohl William 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the role of APRIL in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in mice.MethodsWild‐type (WT) NZM 2328, NZM. April–/–, NZM.Baff–/–, and NZM.Baff–/–.April–/– mice were evaluated for lymphocyte phenotype by flow cytometry, for serum total IgG and IgG autoantibody levels by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, for glomerular deposition of IgG and C3 by immunofluorescence, for renal changes by histopathology, and for clinical disease by laboratory assessment (severe proteinuria).ResultsIn comparison to WT mice, NZM.April–/– mice harbored increased spleen B cells, T cells, and plasma cells (PCs), increased serum levels of IgG antichromatin antibodies, and decreased numbers of bone marrow (BM) PCs. Glomerular deposition of IgG and C3 was similar in NZM.April–/– mice and WT mice, renal changes on histopathology tended to be more severe in NZM.April–/– mice than in WT mice, and development of clinical disease was identical in NZM.April–/– mice and WT mice. BM (but not spleen) PCs and serum IgG antichromatin and anti–double‐stranded DNA antibody levels were lower in NZM.Baff–/–.April–/– mice than in NZM.Baff–/– mice, whereas renal immunopathology in each cohort was equally mild.ConclusionAPRIL is dispensable for the development of full‐blown SLE in NZM mice. Moreover, the elimination of both APRIL and BAFF had no discernible effect on the development of renal immunopathology or clinical disease beyond that of elimination of BAFF alone. The reduction in BM PCs in hosts doubly deficient in APRIL and BAFF beyond that in hosts deficient only in BAFF raises concern that combined antagonism of APRIL and BAFF may lead to greater immunosuppression without a concomitant increase in therapeutic efficacy.
An NMR Study of the Oxidative Degradation of Cp*Ir Catalysts for Water Oxidation: Evidence for a Preliminary Attack on the Quaternary Carbon Atom of the ­–C–CH3 Moiety
Authors: Zuccaccia Cristiano , Bellachioma Gianfranco , Bolaño Sandra , Rocchigiani Luca , Savini Arianna , Macchioni Alceo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe reaction between H2O2 and two water oxidation catalysts {[Cp*Ir(H2O)3](NO3)2 (1, Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) and [Cp*Ir(bzpy)(NO3)] (2, bzpy = 2‐benzoylpyridine)} was studied by means of in situ 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments in order to elucidate if catalyst degradation proceeds through the initial functionalization of a quaternary carbon atom (C‐attack) or by hydrogen abstraction (H‐attack) of the Cp* –C–CH3 moiety. It was shown that 1 underwent double functionalization of the –C–CH3 moiety of Cp* leading to the formation of –C(OR)–CH2OR (R = H or OH) in a strictly analogous manner to that previously observed for the reaction of 1 with Ce4+. On the contrary, two new intermediates associated with the oxidative degradation of 2, which are functionalized only at the quaternary carbon atom(s) of the –C–CH3 moiety [–C(OR)–CH3], were intercepted and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. This indicates that the oxidative degradation of water oxidation catalysts, featuring the –Cp* ancillary ligand, likely starts with preferential C‐attack.
Rare variants, common markers: synthetic association and beyond
Authors: Kent Jack W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe phenomenon of synthetic association raises the possibility that common variant genetic markers may be coupled with functional rare variants sufficiently often to allow the rare variants to be tagged by the common ones. Using human exome sequence data from the 1000 Genomes Project, two investigative teams in Group 12 of Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 found that stochastic coupling between rare and common variants does occur, although perhaps not sufficiently often that we can expect common variant signals to reflect synthetic association; other teams considered methods for detecting association using both rare and common variants. Common themes were that synthetic association is more apparent in population strata (ancestral or familial) and that careful selection of the unit of analysis (gene, gene network, or other genomic subset) is likely to be crucial to the discovery of rare variants that contribute to risk of disease. Genet. Epidemiol. 35:S80–S84, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detecting rare variant associations: methods for testing haplotypes and multiallelic genotypes
Authors: Cantor Rita M. , Wilcox Marsha 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe summarize the work done by the contributors to Group 13 at Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 (GAW17) and provide a synthesis of their data analyses. The Group 13 contributors used a variety of approaches to test associations of both rare variants and common single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the GAW17 simulated traits, implementing analytic methods that incorporate multiallelic genotypes and haplotypes. In addition to using a wide variety of statistical methods and approaches, the contributors exhibited a remarkable amount of flexibility and creativity in coding the variants and their genes and in evaluating their proposed approaches and methods. We describe and contrast their methods along three dimensions: (1) selection and coding of genetic entities for analysis, (2) method of analysis, and (3) evaluation of the results. The contributors consistently presented a strong rationale for using multiallelic analytic approaches. They indicated that power was likely to be increased by capturing the signals of multiple markers within genetic entities defined by sliding windows, haplotypes, genes, functional pathways, and the entire set of SNPs and rare variants taken in aggregate. Despite this variability, the methods were fairly consistent in their ability to identify two associated genes for each simulated trait. The first gene was selected for the largest number of causal alleles and the second for a high‐frequency causal SNP. The presumed model of inheritance and choice of genetic entities are likely to have a strong effect on the outcomes of the analyses. Genet. Epidemiol. 35:S85–S91, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regression and data mining methods for analyses of multiple rare variants in the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 mini‐exome data
Authors: Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. , Brennan Jennifer S. , Bull Shelley B. , Culverhouse Robert , Kim Yoonhee , Jiang Yuan , Jung Jeesun , Li Qing , Lamina Claudia , Liu Ying , Mägi Reedik , Niu Yue S. , Simpson Claire L. , Wang Libo , Yilmaz Yildiz E. , Zhang Heping , Zhang Zhaogong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGroup 14 of Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 examined several issues related to analysis of complex traits using DNA sequence data. These issues included novel methods for analyzing rare genetic variants in an aggregated manner (often termed collapsing rare variants), evaluation of various study designs to increase power to detect effects of rare variants, and the use of machine learning approaches to model highly complex heterogeneous traits. Various published and novel methods for analyzing traits with extreme locus and allelic heterogeneity were applied to the simulated quantitative and disease phenotypes. Overall, we conclude that power is (as expected) dependent on locus‐specific heritability or contribution to disease risk, large samples will be required to detect rare causal variants with small effect sizes, extreme phenotype sampling designs may increase power for smaller laboratory costs, methods that allow joint analysis of multiple variants per gene or pathway are more powerful in general than analyses of individual rare variants, population‐specific analyses can be optimal when different subpopulations harbor private causal mutations, and machine learning methods may be useful for selecting subsets of predictors for follow‐up in the presence of extreme locus heterogeneity and large numbers of potential predictors. Genet. Epidemiol. 35:S92–S100, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of T1‐weighted in‐ and out‐of‐phase single shot magnetization‐prepared gradient‐recalled‐echo with three‐dimensional gradient‐recalled‐echo at 3.0 tesla: Preliminary observations in abdominal studies
Authors: Ferreira Ana , Ramalho Miguel , de Campos Rafael O.P. , Heredia Vasco , Azevedo Rafael M. , Dale Brian , Semelka Richard C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose:To describe in‐phase (IP)/out‐of‐phase (OP) imaging with single shot magnetization‐prepared gradient‐recalled‐echo (MP‐GRE) and to compare intra‐individually IP/OP MP‐GRE with IP/OP three‐dimensional gradient‐recalled‐echo (3D‐GRE) at 3.0 Tesla (T).Materials and Methods:Thirty‐six subjects (15 males, 21 females; mean age 46.97 ± 14.97) who had abdominal MRI examinations including precontrast T1‐weighted IP/OP MP‐GRE, IP/OP 3D‐GRE were included in the study. Two radiologists independently evaluated the sequences qualitatively for extent of artifacts, lesion detectability, and conspicuity and subjective grading of liver steatosis. Quantitative evaluation was performed by one radiologist and included liver fat index, liver and spleen SNR, and liver‐lesion and liver‐spleen CNR.Results:Respiratory ghosting was more pronounced on 3D‐GRE (P < 0.0008). The degrees of parallel imaging residual artifacts, shading and blurring were significantly higher on the 3D‐GRE sequences (P < 0.0008). Spatial misregistration and bounce point artifacts were only observed with MP‐GRE images. Pixel graininess was more apparent on MP‐GRE (P < 0.0008). Lesion detectability, confidence, and conspicuity were considerably higher on MP‐GRE. Visual appreciation of steatosis was superior on 3D‐GRE. Overall image quality was superior on MP‐GRE (P < 0.0008).Conclusion:Higher image quality and improved lesion detectability were present with IP/OP MP‐GRE technique. Inversion‐recovery prepared techniques may represent an important evolution for precontrast T1‐weighted image at 3.0T. The good image quality of MP‐GRE sequences acquired in a free breathing manner should recommend its use in patients unable to suspend breathing. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1187‐1195. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early growth response 1 and fatty acid synthase expression is altered in tumor adjacent prostate tissue and indicates field cancerization
Authors: Jones Anna C. , Trujillo Kristina A. , Phillips Genevieve K. , Fleet Trisha M. , Murton Jaclyn K. , Severns Virginia , Shah Satyan K. , Davis Michael S. , Smith Anthony Y. , Griffith Jeffrey K. , Fischer Edgar G. , Bisoffi Marco 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDField cancerization denotes the occurrence of molecular alterations in histologically normal tissues adjacent to tumors. In prostate cancer, identification of field cancerization has several potential clinical applications. However, prostate field cancerization remains ill defined. Our previous work has shown up‐regulated mRNA of the transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR‐1) and the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FAS) in tissues adjacent to prostate cancer.METHODSImmunofluorescence data were analyzed quantitatively by spectral imaging and linear unmixing to determine the protein expression levels of EGR‐1 and FAS in human cancerous, histologically normal adjacent, and disease‐free prostate tissues.RESULTSEGR‐1 expression was elevated in both structurally intact tumor adjacent (1.6× on average) and in tumor (3.0× on average) tissues compared to disease‐free tissues. In addition, the ratio of cytoplasmic versus nuclear EGR‐1 expression was elevated in both tumor adjacent and tumor tissues. Similarly, FAS expression was elevated in both tumor adjacent (2.7× on average) and in tumor (2.5× on average) compared to disease‐free tissues.CONCLUSIONSEGR‐1 and FAS expression is similarly deregulated in tumor and structurally intact adjacent prostate tissues and defines field cancerization. In cases with high suspicion of prostate cancer but negative biopsy, identification of field cancerization could help clinicians target areas for repeat biopsy. Field cancerization at surgical margins on prostatectomy specimen should also be looked at as a predictor of cancer recurrence. EGR‐1 and FAS could also serve as molecular targets for chemoprevention. Prostate 72:1159–1170, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.