bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular Dichroism in Ion Yields of Femtosecond‐Laser Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Breunig H. Georg , Urbasch Gunter , Horsch Philipp , Cordes Jens , Koert Ulrich , Weitzel Karl‐Michael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTelling the difference quickly: Femtosecond laser pulses are not only suitable to distinguish structural isomers. They also provide access to the distinction of enantiomers by combination of circular dichroism and mass spectrometry (see picture).magnified image
Characterization of a 2.8 kJ Small Plasma Focus Using a Five Phase Radiative Model
Authors: Al‐Hawat Sh. , Saloum S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA radiative five‐phase plasma focus model (axial phase, inward radial phase, reflected shock phase, radiative phase and expanded phase) was applied to a 2.8 kJ plasma focus device to find the structure of the plasma focus formation and to calculate the plasma parameters and emitted radiation from the plasma pinch.To verify the model, the radiation probability of such device in neon plasma has been studied; a linear approximation method was applied by a FORTRAN program which has been written for this purpose.The theoretical and experimental results of the temporal development of current and voltage at 0.9 mbar of neon and spike voltages at different filling gas pressures were obtained and compared.In addition to that our plasma focus (PF) device was compared with different PF devices in relation to the plasma energy density and the drive parameter (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Predicted Properties of Cylindrical Microhollow Cathode Discharges in Helium Using a Two‐Dimensional, Self‐Consistent Fluid Model
Authors: Gu X.W. , Meng L. , Yan Y. , Sun Y.Q. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this paper, a numerical simulation model was developed to simulate the helium plasma in a cylindrical Microhollow cathode based on a two‐dimensional, time‐dependent and self‐consistent fluid model. The aim of our work is to provide estimates of the main discharge and plasma parameters and to help understand the basic mechanisms governing the MHCD devices. Accurate solutions of the continuity equations, electron energy balance equation and possion's equation with realistic boundary conditions are obtained. Realistic discharge characteristics are simulated, which are very important to understand the phenomena of microhollow cathode discharge (MHCD). The results show that there exists a hollow cathode effect in the discharge process. He electric field is mainly a radial field close to the cathode in the discharge area. The influences of gas pressure and cathode dimension on discharge characteristics were also investigated (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Regeneration in Rheum emodi Wall.: A step towards conservation of an endangered medicinal plant species
Authors: Malik Sonia , Kumar Ravi , Vats Surender K. , Bhushan Shashi , Sharma Madhu , Ahuja Paramvir Singh 
Published: April 2009

AbstractShoot buds emerged from intact leaves while still attached to plants after 60 days, without subculturing, on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 10.0 μM 6‐benzylaminopurine and 5.0 μM indole‐3‐butyric acid. Histological studies revealed the emergence of shoot buds directly from the leaf surface without an intervening callus phase. Regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to the greenhouse after rooting in plant growth regulator‐free MS medium. The survival percentage of transferred plants was very low. However, pretreatment of the plants at low temperature (15±2°C) for 10 days before transfer to greenhouse conditions increased the survival percentage. The increased survival was supported by an increased number of vascular bundles, leaf thickness, net rate of photosynthesis (PN), stomatal conductance (gs) and density (SD). The direct regeneration method from intact leaves of R. emodi will reduce the cost, time and labor required and hence can be successfully employed for faster in vitro multiplication and conservation of this endangered and medicinally important plant species.
Effect of protease treatment on dyeing properties of wool fabrics for single bath
Authors: Cui Li , Yu Yuanyuan , Fan Xuerong , Wang Ping , Wang Qiang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDuring the conventional process of dyeing for wool fabric, the most important problem is the damage to wool fiber and energy waste because of high temperature. In this paper, the effect of a commercial protease, Savinase 16L from Novozymes, on low temperature dyeing properties of wool fabric was studied. The results showed that after treatment with protease for 30 min at 50°C and pH 8.0, the exhaustion of the Acid Yellow 116 on wool fabric increased 11.11% and 8.58% by comparing with that on the control samples without protease treatment when dyeing at 80°C and 90°C, respectively. And the dye absorption at 90oC on protease pretreated wool fabric was almost the same as that with the conventional boiling dyeing procedure. A single bath process containing protease treatment at 50°C and pH 8 and dyeing at 90°C and pH 4 was investigated. The dyeing effect of wool fabric dyed with one‐bath process was nearly the same as that with the two‐bath method and conventional boiling dyeing process. The results suggest that protease treatment offers an option of a one‐bath dyeing process, replacing the water‐ and energy‐consuming two‐bath method and conventional dyeing process.
Seismic strengthening of RC columns using external steel cage
Authors: Nagaprasad Pasala , Sahoo Dipti Ranjan , Rai Durgesh C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSteel caging technique is commonly used for the seismic strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) columns of rectangular cross‐section. The steel cage consists of angle sections placed at corners and held together by battens at intervals along the height. In the present study, a rational design method is developed to proportion the steel cage considering its confinement effect on the column concrete. An experimental study was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design method and detailing of steel cage battens within potential plastic hinge regions. One ordinary RC column and two strengthened columns were investigated experimentally under constant axial compressive load and gradually increasing reversed cyclic lateral displacements. Both strengthened columns showed excellent behavior in terms of flexural strength, lateral stiffness, energy dissipation and ductility due to the external confinement of the column concrete. The proposed model for confinement effect due to steel cage reasonably predicted moment capacities of the strengthened sections, which matched with the observed experimental values. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐adaptation of a model human stress‐related odour with fragrance chemicals and ethyl esters of axillary odorants: gender‐specific effects
Authors: Wysocki Charles J. , Louie Jennifer , Leyden James J. , Blank David , Gill Manjindar , Smith Les , McDermott Keith , Preti George 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe human axillae have a characteristic odour that is comprised of or generated from a mixture of C6–C11 normal, branched, hydroxy‐ and unsaturated acids (and other compounds). We used ethyl esters of one of these acids and a palette of fragrance compounds (tested individually) to evaluate the effectiveness of these chemicals to reduce the overall olfactory impact of a model of human stress‐related odour (SRO) by cross‐adaptation (adaptation to one odorant can reduce sensitivity to other odorants). Sensory volunteers provided hedonic and intensity ratings of the SRO and of each of the potential cross‐adapting agents prior to 2.5 min of induced olfactory adaptation to each agent. Across adaptation, possible cross‐adaptation was evaluated by intermittent evaluations of the perceived intensity of the SRO. We determined that some potential cross‐adapting agents did reduce the impact of the SRO; however, the same chemicals were not necessarily effective for male and female SRO. Indeed, the list of effective chemicals depended upon the gender of the donor of the SRO and the gender of the sensory volunteer, suggesting a gender‐specific response to both the SRO‐stimuli used and the fragrance chemicals used to cross‐adapt it. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A propensity score approach to correction for bias due to population stratification using genetic and non‐genetic factors
Authors: Zhao Huaqing , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Mitra Nandita 
Published: April 2009

AbstractConfounding due to population stratification (PS) arises when differences in both allele and disease frequencies exist in a population of mixed racial/ethnic subpopulations. Genomic control, structured association, principal components analysis (PCA), and multidimensional scaling (MDS) approaches have been proposed to address this bias using genetic markers. However, confounding due to PS can also be due to non‐genetic factors. Propensity scores are widely used to address confounding in observational studies but have not been adapted to deal with PS in genetic association studies. We propose a genomic propensity score (GPS) approach to correct for bias due to PS that considers both genetic and non‐genetic factors. We compare the GPS method with PCA and MDS using simulation studies. Our results show that GPS can adequately adjust and consistently correct for bias due to PS. Under no/mild, moderate, and severe PS, GPS yielded estimated with bias close to 0 (mean=−0.0044, standard error=0.0087). Under moderate or severe PS, the GPS method consistently outperforms the PCA method in terms of bias, coverage probability (CP), and type I error. Under moderate PS, the GPS method consistently outperforms the MDS method in terms of CP. PCA maintains relatively high power compared to both MDS and GPS methods under the simulated situations. GPS and MDS are comparable in terms of statistical properties such as bias, type I error, and power. The GPS method provides a novel and robust tool for obtaining less‐biased estimates of genetic associations that can consider both genetic and non‐genetic factors. Genet. Epidemiol. 33:679–690, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unrecognised psychological problems impair quality of life and increase consultation rates in Chinese elderly patients
Authors: Lam Cindy L. K. , Chin Weng Yee , Lee Peter W. H. , Lo Yvonne Y. C. , Fong Daniel Y. T. , Lam Tai Pong 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveStudies have shown that psychological problems in elderly patients are often unrecognised in primary care. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life and consultation rates of Chinese elderly patients with unrecognised psychological problems in primary care. The prevalence and risk factors of unrecognised psychological problems were also determined.MethodsA cross‐sectional study on consecutive patients aged ≥60 with no known psychological diseases were screened by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) when they consulted at two primary care clinics in Hong Kong. Data on socio‐demographic characteristics, chronic morbidity, consultation rates, and health‐related quality of life (HROQL) were collected. Multivariable regressions were used to determine the effect of a positive HADS score on HRQOL scores and consultation rates, and the risk factors of unrecognised psychological problems.ResultsOne thousand eight hundred and fifty‐four subjects (mean age 72.6 years and 52% male) were screened and the estimated prevalence of unrecognised psychological diseases was 23% (95% CI = 13.1–33.8%). A positive screening result was associated with poorer SF‐36 HROQL scores and higher episodic consultation rates. An increased risk of unrecognised psychological problems was associated with the presence of more than two chronic diseases. Other risk factors included female gender, no formal education and having chronic pulmonary disease or heart disease. Living with a spouse increased the risk in elderly women.ConclusionsUnrecognised psychological problems are common in Chinese elderly patients in primary care. They are clinically important because they impair quality of life and increase the utilization of consultations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do current levels of air pollution kill? The impact of air pollution on population mortality in England
Authors: Janke Katharina , Propper Carol , Henderson John 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe current air quality limit values for airborne pollutants in the UK are low by historical standards and are at levels that are believed not to harm health. We assess whether this view is correct. We examine the relationship between common sources of airborne pollution and population mortality for England. We use data at local authority level for 1998–2005 to examine whether current levels of airborne pollution, as measured by annual mean concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter less than 10 µm in diameter (PM10) and ozone, are associated with excess deaths. We examine all‐cause mortality and deaths from specific cardiovascular and respiratory causes that are known to be exacerbated by air pollution. The panel nature of our data allows us to control for any unobserved time‐invariant associations at local authority level between high levels of air pollution and poor population health and for common time trends. We estimate multi‐pollutant models to allow for the fact that three of the pollutants are closely correlated. We find that higher levels of PM10 and ozone are associated with higher mortality rates, and the effect sizes are considerably larger than previously estimated from the primarily time series studies for England. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suboptimal provision of preventive healthcare due to expected enrollee turnover among private insurers
Authors: Herring Bradley 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMany preventive healthcare procedures are widely recognized as cost‐effective but have relatively low utilization rates in the US. Because preventive care is a present‐period investment with a future‐period expected financial return, enrollee turnover among private insurers lowers the expected return of this investment. In this paper, I present a simple theoretical model to illustrate the suboptimal provision of preventive healthcare that results from insurers ‘free riding’ off of the provision from others. I also provide an empirical test of this hypothesis using data from the Community Tracking Study's Household Survey. I use lagged market‐level measures of employment‐induced insurer turnover to identify variation in insurers' expectations and test for the effect of turnover on several different measures of medical utilization. As expected, I find that turnover has a significantly negative effect on the utilization of preventive services and has no effect on the utilization of acute services used as a control. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triterpenoids and Saponins from the Leaves of Uncaria hirsuta
Authors: Xin Wen‐Bo , Chou Gui‐Xin , Wang Zheng‐Tao 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThree new triterpenoids, (3β)‐3‐hydroxy‐27‐noroleano‐13(28)‐lactone (1), (22α)‐22‐hydroxy‐3‐oxo‐urs‐12‐ene‐27,28‐dioic acid (4), and (3β)‐3‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐12‐oxopyroquinovic acid β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (7), together with four known compounds, pyrocincholic acid ethyl ester (2), pyrocincholic acid (3), quinovic acid (5), and (3β)‐3‐(β‐D‐quinovopyranosyloxy)pyrocincholic acid β‐D‐glucopyranosyl ester (6), were isolated from the EtOH extract of the leaves of Uncaria hirsuta Haviland. Their structures were determined by means of spectroscopic analyses, including HR‐ESI‐MS and 2D‐NMR techniques. The configuration of 1 was confirmed by X‐ray analysis; 2 is an artefact, as verified by the HPLC and LC/MS analysis.
‘N‐Stereogenic Quaternary Ammonium Salts’ from L‐Amino Acids: Synthesis, Separation, and Absolute Configuration
Authors: Wu Hua‐Fang , Lin Wen‐Bin , Xia Li‐Zi , Luo Ying‐Gang , Chen Xiao‐Zhen , Li Guo‐You , Zhang Guo‐Lin , Pan Xin‐Fu 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageDiastereoisomeric linear and cyclic ‘N‐chiral quaternary ammonium salts’ (QASs) were efficiently synthesized from corresponding L‐amino acids in high yields. The diastereoisomers of each pair of ‘N‐chiral QASs’ were successfully separated. The absolute configurations of these QASs were determined predominately by X‐ray single‐crystal analysis. The 1H‐NMR data of ‘N‐chiral QASs’ provided characteristic information on the configuration of the N‐chiral center. ‘N‐Chiral QASs’ exemplified by [N(R)]‐2a and [N(S)]‐2a are stable in protic and aprotic solvents within a broad pH and temperature range.
A Triterpenoid and Sesquiterpenoids from the Resinous Exudates of Commiphora myrrha
Authors: Shen Tao , Wan Wen‐Zhu , Wang Xiao‐Ning , Yuan Hui‐Qing , Ji Mei , Lou Hong‐Xiang 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA new 30(14→13)abeo‐dammarane triterpenoid, myrrhasin (1), a new 14(10→1)abeo‐eudesmane sesquiterpenoid, myrrhanolide A (2), and two new cadinane sesquiterpenoids, myrrhanolides B and C (3 and 4, resp.), as well as nine known sesquiterpenoids, 5–13, were isolated from the resinous exudates of Commiphora myrrha. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses. The isolated compounds 1–6 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against the PC3 and DU145 human prostate tumor cell lines.
Two New Acylated Flavonol Glycosides from the Roots of Otostegia limbata
Authors: Khan Afsar , Ahmad Viqar U. , Farooq Umar 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageTwo new acylated flavonol glycosides, 5‐hydroxy‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4‐oxo‐7‐[(α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl)oxy]‐4H‐chromen‐3‐yl β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)]‐[6‐O‐[(2E)‐3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)prop‐2‐enoyl]‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (1) and 5‐hydroxy‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4‐oxo‐7‐[(α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl)oxy]‐4H‐chromen‐3‐yl [6‐O‐[(2E)‐3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)prop‐2‐enoyl]‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)]‐[6‐O‐[(2E)‐3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)prop‐2‐enoyl]‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (2), were isolated from the roots of Otostegia limbata, along with two known flavones, cirsimaritin and 3′‐O‐methyleupatorin. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and chemical methods.
Alkaloids from the Leaves of Daphniphyllum longeracemosumRosenth.
Authors: Li Chun‐Shun , Di Ying‐Tong , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Yu , Tan Chen‐Jian , Hao Xiao‐Jiang 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageFour new Daphniphyllum alkaloids, daphlongamines E–H (1–4, resp.), along with 19 known alkaloids, were isolated from the leaves of Daphniphyllum longeracemosum. Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D‐NMR techniques. It is noteworthy that aconitine‐ and veatchine‐type diterpenoid alkaloids were also isolated from this species.
Two New Triterpenes from the Surface Layer of Poria cocos
Authors: Yang Chun‐Hua , Zhang Shi‐Fang , Liu Wen‐Ying , Zhang Zun‐Jian , Liu Jing‐Han 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageTwo new triterpenes, poricoic acid AE (1) and poricoic acid CE (2), were isolated from the surface layer of the mushroom Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, together with four known triterpenes, 3‐O‐acetyldehydroeburicoic acid, 3‐oxolanosta‐7,9(11),24(31)‐trien‐21‐oic acid, dehydrotrametenolic acid, and poricoic acid A. The structures of the two new triterpenes were elucidated as 16α‐hydroxy‐3,4‐seco‐lanosta‐4(28),7,9(11),24(31)‐tetraene‐3,21‐dioic acid‐3‐ethyl ester (1) and 3,4‐secolanosta‐4(28),7,9(11),24(31)‐tetraene‐3,21‐dioic acid‐3‐ethyl ester (2) mainly on the basis of HR‐ESI‐MS, EI‐MS, and 2D‐NMR analyses.
Lignans and Triterpenoids from the Stems of Kadsura induta
Authors: Ma Wenhui , Ma Xiaolin , Lu Yan , Chen Daofeng 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageTwo new lignans, kadsurindutins C and H (1 and 2, resp.), and a new 18(13→12)‐abeo‐lanostane triterpenoid acid, kadindutic acid (3), were isolated from the stems of Kadsura induta, together with known lignans and triterpenoids. Their structures and configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 2D‐NMR techniques.
New Diterpenoids from Tinospora capillipes
Authors: Zhan Zha‐Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Yong , Hou Xiao‐Rong , Li Cheng‐Ping , Shan Wei‐Guang 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA phytochemical study of the roots of Tinospora capillipes resulted in the characterization of two new highly unsaturated diterpenoids, tinocapilactones A and B (1 and 2), as well as of six known ones. The structures of 1 and 2 were assigned on the basis of extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments, combined with mass‐spectrometric methods.
New Bisbibenzyls from Dendrobium falconeri
Authors: Sritularak Boonchoo , Likhitwitayawuid Kittisak 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageTwo new bis(bibenzyls) named dendrofalconerols A and B (1 and 2, resp.) were isolated from the stems of Dendrobium falconeri (Orchidaceae), along with six known phenolic compounds which included docosanoyl (E)‐ferulate, tetracosyl (Z)‐p‐coumarate, tetracosyl (E)‐p‐coumarate, 2‐(p‐hydroxyphenyl)ethyl p‐coumarate, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, and p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde. 2‐(p‐Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl p‐coumarate displayed a marginal inhibitory effect against Herpes simplex virus type 1, whereas the remaining compounds were devoid of antiherpetic activity.
Three New Compounds from Incarvillea delavayi
Authors: Lu Tao , Shen Yun‐Heng , Lu Min , Tang Jian , Shan Lei , Liu Run‐Hui , Li Hui‐Liang , Zhang Wei‐Dong 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imagePhytochemical studies on the whole plant of Incarvillea delavayi resulted in the isolation of three new compounds, incarvilleaol (1), incarvillaldehyde (2) and 2‐(1,4‐dihydroxycyclohexyl)ethyl caffeate (3). Their structures were defined on the basis of UV, IR, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR (1H,1H‐COSY, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC), as well as HR‐ESI‐MS analyses.
Global and gene‐specific promoter methylation changes are related to anti‐B[a]PDE‐DNA adduct levels and influence micronuclei levels in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‐exposed individuals
Authors: Pavanello Sofia , Bollati Valentina , Pesatori Angela Cecilia , Kapka Lucyna , Bolognesi Claudia , Bertazzi Pier Alberto , Baccarelli Andrea 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe investigated the effect of chronic exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on DNA methylation states (percentage of methylated cytosines (%mC)) in Polish male nonsmoking coke‐oven workers and matched controls. Methylation states of gene‐specific promoters (p53, p16, HIC1 and IL‐6) and of Alu and LINE‐1 repetitive elements, as surrogate measures of global methylation, were quantified by pyrosequencing in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). DNA methylation was evaluated in relation to PAH exposure, assessed by urinary 1‐pyrenol and anti‐benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide (anti‐B[a]PDE)‐DNA adduct levels, a critical genetic damage from B[a]P. We also evaluated whether PAH‐induced DNA methylation states were in turn associated with micronuclei in PBLs, an indicator of chromosomal instability. © 2009 UICC