bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male chimpanzees' grooming rates vary by female age, parity, and fertility status
Authors: Proctor Darby P. , Lambeth Susan P. , Schapiro Steven J. , Brosnan Sarah F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractCopulation preferences in our closest living relative, the chimpanzee, suggest that males prefer older females who have had previous offspring. However, this finding is counter to some behavioral models, which predict that chimpanzee males, as promiscuous breeders with minimal costs to mating, should show little or no preference when choosing mating partners (e.g. should mate indiscriminately). To determine if the preferences indicated by copulations appear in other contexts as well as how they interact, we examined how male chimpanzees' grooming patterns varied amongst females. We found that males' preferences were based on interactions among females' fertility status, age, and parity. First, grooming increased with increasing female parity. We further found an effect of the estrous cycle on grooming; when females were at the lowest point of their cycle, males preferentially groomed parous females at peak reproductive age, but during maximal tumescence, males preferred the oldest multiparous females. Nulliparous females received relatively little grooming regardless of age or fertility. Thus, male chimpanzees apparently chose grooming partners based on both female's experience and fertility, possibly indicating a two‐pronged social investment strategy. Male selectivity seems to have evolved to effectively distribute costly social resources in a pattern which may increase their overall reproductive success. Am. J. Primatol. 73:989–996, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐ phen;Liss, Inc.
Interleukin‐6 plays an essential role in hypoxia‐inducible factor 2α–induced experimental osteoarthritic cartilage destruction in mice
Authors: Ryu Je‐Hwang , Yang Siyoung , Shin Youngnim , Rhee Jinseol , Chun Churl‐Hong , Chun Jang‐Soo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveHypoxia‐inducible factor 2α (HIF‐2α) (encoded by Epas1) causes osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage destruction by regulating the expression of catabolic factor genes. We undertook this study to explore the role of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in HIF‐2α–mediated OA cartilage destruction in mice.MethodsThe expression of HIF‐2α, IL‐6, and catabolic factors was determined at the messenger RNA and protein levels in primary culture mouse chondrocytes, human OA cartilage, and mouse experimental OA cartilage. Experimental OA in wild‐type, HIF‐2α–knockdown (Epas1+/−), and Il6–/– mice was caused by intraarticular injection of Epas1 adenovirus or destabilization of the medial meniscus. The role of IL‐6 was determined by treating with recombinant IL‐6 protein or by injecting HIF‐2α adenovirus (AdEpas1) intraarticularly in mice with or without IL‐6–neutralizing antibody.ResultsWe found that Il6 is a direct target gene of HIF‐2α in articular chondrocytes. Both Epas1 and Il6 were up‐regulated in human and mouse OA cartilage, whereas HIF‐2α knockdown in mice led to inhibition of both Il6 expression and cartilage destruction. Treatment with IL‐6 enhanced Mmp3 and Mmp13 expression; conversely, Il6 knockdown inhibited HIF‐2α–induced up‐regulation of Mmp3 and Mmp13. Injection of IL‐6 protein into mouse knee joints triggered OA cartilage destruction, whereas IL‐6 neutralization led to blocking of HIF‐2α–induced cartilage destruction with concomitant modulation of Mmp3 and Mmp13 expression. Moreover, Il6 knockout resulted in inhibition of AdEpas1‐induced and destabilization of the medial meniscus–induced cartilage destruction as well as inhibition of Mmp3 and Mmp13 expression.ConclusionOur findings indicate that IL‐6 acts as a crucial mediator of HIF‐2α–induced experimental OA cartilage destruction in mice via regulation of Mmp3 and Mmp13 levels.
Association of PPP2CA polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility in multiple ethnic groups
Authors: Tan Wenfeng , Sunahori Katsue , Zhao Jian , Deng Yun , Kaufman Kenneth M. , Kelly Jennifer A. , Langefeld Carl D. , Williams Adrienne H. , Comeau Mary E. , Ziegler Julie T. , Marion Miranda C. , Bae Sang‐Cheol , Lee Joo Hyun , Lee Ji‐Seon , Chang Deh‐Ming , Song Yeong Wook , Yu Chack‐Yung , Kimberly Robert P. , Edberg Jeffrey C. , Brown Elizabeth E. , Petri Michelle A. , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Vilá Luis M. , Reveille John D. , Alarcón‐Riquelme Marta E. ,   BIOLUPUS and GENLES Networks, Harley John B. , Boackle Susan A. , Stevens Anne M. , Scofield R. Hal , Merrill Joan T. , Freedman Barry I. , Anaya Juan‐Manuel , Criswell Lindsey A. , Jacob Chaim O. , Vyse Timothy J. , Niewold Timothy B. , Gaffney Patrick M. , Moser Kathy L. , Gilkeson Gary S. , Kamen Diane L. , James Judith A. , Grossman Jennifer M. , Hahn Bevra H. , Tsokos George C. , Tsao Betty P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveT cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) express increased amounts of PP2Ac, which contributes to decreased production of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2). Because IL‐2 is important in the regulation of several aspects of the immune response, it has been proposed that PP2Ac contributes to the expression of SLE. This study was designed to determine whether genetic variants of PPP2AC are linked to the expression of SLE and specific clinical manifestations and account for the increased expression of PP2Ac.MethodsWe conducted a trans‐ethnic study of 8,695 SLE cases and 7,308 controls of 4 different ancestries. Eighteen single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across PPP2CA were genotyped using an Illumina custom array. PPP2CA expression in SLE and control T cells was analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsA 32‐kb haplotype comprising multiple SNPs of PPP2CA showed significant association with SLE in Hispanic Americans, European Americans, and Asians, but not in African Americans. Conditional analyses revealed that SNP rs7704116 in intron 1 showed consistently strong association with SLE across Asian, European American, and Hispanic American populations (odds ratio 1.3 [95% confidence interval 1.14‐1.31], meta‐analysis P = 3.8 × 10−7). In European Americans, the largest ethnic data set studied, the risk A allele of rs7704116 was associated with the presence of renal disease, anti–double‐stranded DNA, and anti‐RNP antibodies. PPP2CA expression was ∼2‐fold higher in SLE patients carrying the rs7704116 AG genotype than those carrying the GG genotype (P = 0.007).ConclusionOur data provide the first evidence of an association between PPP2CA polymorphisms and elevated PP2Ac transcript levels in T cells, which implicates a new molecular pathway for SLE susceptibility in European Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asians.
T cells stimulated with an analog peptide of type II collagen require the Fc receptor γ‐chain to secrete interleukin‐4 and suppress autoimmune arthritis in mice
Authors: Myers Linda K. , Cullins David L. , Brand David D. , Kleinau Sandra , Stuart John M. , Kang Andrew H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of the T cell population that responds to an analog peptide (A9) of type II collagen and regulates autoimmunity, using the collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) model.MethodsAnalog peptide A9 is a 26–amino acid peptide analogous to the sequence of a segment of type II collagen (CII245–270) but with substitutions at amino acid positions 260 (alanine for isoleucine), 261 (hydroxyproline for alanine), and 263 (asparagine for phenylalanine). We previously showed that A9 profoundly suppressed CIA and immune responses to type II collagen. In order to determine the mechanism of suppression, we used transgenic mice whose T cells express a type II collagen–specific receptor (T cell receptor) and performed passive cell transfer experiments.ResultsThe results demonstrated that suppression of CIA by A9 is dependent on T cells. Using multiparameter flow cytometry, we determined that the cells responsible for suppression were CD4+ and expressed high levels of Fcε receptor Iγ chain (FcRγ). To establish the significance of this finding, we obtained mice genetically deficient in FcRγ in order to perform passive transfer experiments. The resulting FcRγ−/− CD4+ T cells, when primed by culture with A9, could not transfer the suppression of arthritis or secrete cytokines in response to A9.ConclusionTaken together, the results of this study suggest that the suppression of arthritis and the Th2 cytokine profile elicited by A9 is dependent on the presence of FcRγ in T cells. These findings are novel and may have therapeutic potential for patients with autoimmune arthritis.
The transcription factor FBI‐1/OCZF/LRF is expressed in osteoclasts and regulates RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kukita Akiko , Kukita Toshio , Nagata Kengo , Teramachi Junpei , Li Yin‐Ji , Yoshida Hiroki , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Gay Steffen , Pessler Frank , Shobuike Takeo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveSince transcription factors expressed in osteoclasts are possible targets for regulation of bone destruction in bone disorders, we investigated the expression of the transcription factor FBI‐1/OCZF/LRF (in humans, factor that binds to inducer of short transcripts of human immunodeficiency virus type 1; in rats, osteoclast‐derived zinc finger; in mice, leukemia/lymphoma‐related factor) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and assessed its role in osteoclastogenesis in vivo.MethodsExpression of FBI‐1/OCZF was investigated in subchondral osteoclasts in human RA and in rat adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA) using immunostaining and in situ hybridization, respectively. Transgenic mice overexpressing OCZF (OCZF‐Tg) under the control of the cathepsin K promoter were generated, and bone mineral density and bone histomorphometric features were determined by peripheral quantitative computed tomography, calcein double‐labeling, and specific staining for osteoclasts and osteoblasts. LRF/OCZF expression and the consequence of LRF inhibition were assessed in vitro with RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation.ResultsFBI‐1/OCZF was detected in the nuclei of osteoclasts in rat AIA and human RA. RANKL increased the levels of LRF messenger RNA and nuclear‐localized LRF protein in primary macrophages. In OCZF‐Tg mice, bone volume was significantly decreased, the number of osteoclasts, but not osteoblasts, was increased in long bones, and osteoclast survival was promoted. Conversely, inhibition of LRF expression suppressed the formation of osteoclasts from macrophages in vitro.ConclusionFBI‐1/OCZF/LRF regulates osteoclast formation and apoptosis in vivo, and may become a useful marker and target in treating disorders leading to reduced bone density, including chronic arthritis.
The citation life cycle of articles published in 13 American Psychological Association journals: A 25‐year longitudinal analysis
Authors: Walters Glenn D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe annual citation counts of 1,172 articles published in 1985 by 13 American Psychological Association journals were analyzed over a 25‐year period. Despite a 61% reduction in citation counts from the peak year (1989: Year 4) to the final year (2010: Year 25), many of these articles were still being cited 25 years after they had been published. When the sample was divided into four categories of impact using the total citation counts for each article—low impact (0–24 citations), moderate impact (25–99 citations), high impact (100–249 citations), and very high impact (250–1763 citations)—the yearly citation counts of low to high‐impact articles peaked earlier and displayed a steeper decline than the yearly citation counts of very high‐impact articles. Using 5 or more citations a years, 10 or more citations a year, and 20 or more citations a year as markers of moderate‐impact, high‐impact, and very high‐impact articles, respectively, and using the most cited articles in a journal during the first 5 years of the follow‐up period as indicators of high impact and very high impact showed promise of predicting impact over the entire 25‐year period.
Effect of duration of hemostatic compression on radial artery occlusion after transradial access
Authors: Pancholy Samir B. , Patel Tejas M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives:To evaluate the effect of duration of hemostatic compression on the incidence of radial artery occlusion (RAO) after transradial coronary intervention. Background: RAO occurs in 2–10% of patients after transradial access. The effect of duration of hemostatic compression on occurrence of RAO is unknown.Methods:Four hundred consecutive patients undergoing transradial coronary intervention were retrospectively analyzed. Group I (n = 200) patients received hemostatic compression for 6 hr after completion of the procedure, and group II (n = 200) patients for 2 hr after completion of the procedure. TR band was used for hemostasis. Demographic and procedural variables as well as early (24 hr) and chronic (30 days) RAO as well as bleeding events were recorded.Results:Demographic as well as procedural variables were similar between group I and group II. Early radial artery occlusion (ERAO) occurred in 12% of patients in group I and 5.5% of patients in group II, the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.025). Chronic radial artery occlusion (CRAO) occurred in 8.5% of patients in group I and 3.5% of patients in group II, the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.035). Occlusive compression was the only independent predictor of radial artery occlusion [Odds ratio = 13.1, P = 0.001]. Two patients in group I and one in group II developed small hematoma (P = 0.161).Conclusions:Shorter duration of hemostatic compression is associated with a lower incidence of early and chronic RAO, without increase in bleeding complications, although maintaining radial patency during hemostatic compression, eliminates the adverse effect of duration of compression. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of static mixers for miscible fluids in laminar flow with the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Authors: Joaquim C. F. , Reynol A. , Cekinski E. , Seckler M. M. , Nunhez J. R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractStatic mixers with improved performance were developed from CFD simulations in a stepwise approach. The relevant geometric features of simple mixer designs and the corresponding mixing mechanisms—laminar shear, elongational flow, and distributive mixing—were identified first. This information was used to formulate guidelines for the development of new geometries. The solid elements of the static mixer should: (a) provide restrictions to the flow; (b) deflect the flow; (c) be sequentially rotated around the flow direction to provide symmetry; (d) extend from the center of the pipe to the vicinity of the walls to avoid short‐circuiting; and (e) distribute and remix the flow. Based on these guidelines, two improved mixer designs were developed: the DS A–I mixer has a good mixing efficiency and an acceptable pressure drop; the Fins 35° mixer is more efficient and compact, but requires a larger pressure drop. Their performance indicates that their use is possible on industrial applications.
Robust distributed model predictive control: A review and recent developments
Authors: Al‐Gherwi Walid , Budman Hector , Elkamel Ali 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis study presents a review of distributed model predictive control (DMPC) strategies followed by recent studies conducted by the authors on the robustness of these strategies to model errors and a summary of future challenges in this area. The review identifies three key challenges for the successful application of DMPC: (i) the selection of optimal control structure for DMPC; (ii) the choice of a suitable coordination strategy among the controllers; and (iii) the robustness of DMPC strategies to model errors. Then, the study summarises recent developments related to the robustness of unconstrained and constrained DMPC algorithms. For the unconstrained case, a methodology that is based on the calculation of a performance index is proposed to balance the trade‐off between performance and structure simplicity in the presence of model errors. For the constrained case, a Jacobi iterative‐based method is used to design a robust DMPC algorithm. The proposed techniques are illustrated through case studies involving a high purity binary distillation problem.
Parameter estimation in models with hidden variables : An application to a biotech process
Authors: Jang S. S. , De la Hoz H. , Ben‐zvi A. , McCaffrey W. C. , Gopaluni R. B. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBiological processes are often characterised by significant nonlinearities, noisy measurements and hidden process variables. The dynamic behaviour of such processes can be represented by stochastic differential equations obtained from physical laws. We propose a Bayesian algorithm for parameter estimation in stochastic nonlinear biological processes with unmeasured (or hidden) variables. The proposed algorithm, involves drawing random samples iteratively from a posterior density functions of the parameters and the hidden variables. A Bayesian sampling techniques is used to approximate these posterior density functions. Both Metropolis–Hastings algorithm and Gibbs sampling are used for sample generation. The algorithm is extended to handle multiple data sets and missing observations. The algorithm is applied to an experimental data set collected from an algal bioreactor system. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Determination of the fractal dimension of alumina using adsorption: Challenges of choosing appropriate adsorbates and analysis methods
Authors: Capitaine Elsa M. R. , Hill Josephine M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe classical method for surface characterisation of the porous structure of the catalysts is nitrogen (N2) adsorption at −196°C, which provides a catalyst surface area value valid for molecules similar in size to N2 (0.162 nm2/molecule). To complement and obtain more information about the materials, catalyst surfaces can be characterised using fractal geometry. The fractal dimension of a sample can be determined by the adsorption uptake of molecules of different sizes on the surface of interest in order to obtain a characteristic parameter of the surface geometry known as the fractal dimension, D. In this work, the value of D for a γ‐alumina catalyst support has been determined (D = 2.71 ± 0.15) using different adsorbates (argon, nitrogen, isopropanol, pyridine, and n‐butane). The decision process for choosing these adsorbates and the challenges of this type of characterisation method are discussed in this article. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Zeta potential study of natural‐ and acid‐activated sepiolites in electrolyte solutions
Authors: Dikmen Sedef , Yilmaz Gulgun , Yorukogullari Ertugrul , Korkmaz Emine 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDetailed characterisation of natural sepiolite from the Eskisehir region of Turkey was performed using X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence, field emission scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area (BET method), Fourier transform infrared spectra, derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential thermal analysis. Electrokinetic properties of natural‐ and acid‐activated sepiolites were investigated as a function of the concentration of various electrolytes, such as NaCl, KCl, LiCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, NaNO3, Na2CO3, FeCl3 and Al(NO3)3. While mono and divalent cations and anions did not change the surface charge of natural‐ and acid‐activated sepiolite, trivalent cations changed the surface charge from negative to positive. Acid‐activated sepiolite samples shifted towards the positive region in nearly all electrolyte solutions when compared with the natural sepiolite. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
A solvothermal single‐step route towards shape‐controlled titanium dioxide nanocrystals
Authors: Dinh Cao‐Thang , Nguyen Thanh‐Dinh , Kleitz Freddy , Do Trong‐On 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA versatile synthetic method which is based on a solvothermal technique for the fabrication of highly crystalline TiO2 nanocrystals (NC) exhibiting different shapes such as rhombic, truncated rhombic, spherical, dog‐bone, truncated, and elongated rhombic is reported. The dominant features of the present approach are first the use of water vapor as hydrolysis agent to accelerate the reaction, and second, the use of both oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine (OM) as two distinct capping surfactants having different binding strengths for the control of the growth of the TiO2 nanoparticles. It is shown that the presence of an appropriate amount of water vapor along with the desired OA/OM molar ratio plays a crucial role in controlling size and shape of TiO2 NCs. Moreover, it is also established that the thus‐obtained TiO2 NCs are excellent support for the synthesis of composite metal/TiO2 photocatalysts in which metal clusters are uniformly deposited on the surface of each individual TiO2 NC. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Distinctive chromosomal instability patterns in oral verrucous and squamous cell carcinomas detected by high‐resolution DNA flow cytometry
Authors: Pentenero Monica , Donadini Alessandra , Di Nallo Emanuela , Maffei Massimo , Marino Roberto , Familiari Ubaldo , Broccoletti Roberto , Castagnola Patrizio , Gandolfo Sergio , Giaretti Walter 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Oral verrucous carcinomas (OVCs) are characterized by better prognosis than oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Because chromosomal instability (CIN) in solid tumors is indicative of prognosis, this study investigated whether OVCs and OSCCs were characterized by differences in CIN biomarkers.METHODS:Fresh or frozen multiple tissue samples were submitted to high‐resolution DNA flow cytometry (hr DNA‐FCM).RESULTS:DNA aneuploid sublines were detected in 6 of 9 OVCs (66.7%) and in 20 of 25 OSCCs (80.0%). Multiple DNA aneuploid sublines were observed, respectively, in 2 of 6 (33.3%) DNA aneuploid OVCs and in 14 of 20 (70%) DNA aneuploid OSCCs (P = .163). OVCs were mainly characterized by DNA Index (DI) values in the near‐diploid region (DI≠1 and DI < 1.4), whereas aneuploid OSCCs carried most frequently multiple aneuploid sublines with high DI values (DI ≥ 1.4). DNA near‐diploid and high aneuploid sublines were, respectively, 87.5% and 12.5% for the OVCs versus 30% and 70% for the OSCCs (P = .004).CONCLUSIONS:Present data suggest that OVCs are characterized by a lower degree of CIN and tumor heterogeneity than OSCCs, such that they appear as “frozen” in an early stage of DNA near‐diploid aneuploidy, as previously observed for oral preneoplastic lesions. These DI characteristics, which can easily be obtained by hr DNA‐FCM, appear to reflect the well‐known differences in aggressiveness and prognosis of OVCs and OSCCs. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.