bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hypertension Team: The Role of the Pharmacist, Nurse, and Teamwork in Hypertension Therapy
Authors: Carter Barry L. , Bosworth Hayden B. , Green Beverly B. 
Published: November 2011

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich).Team‐based care is one of the key components of the patient‐centered medical home. Studies have consistently demonstrated that teams involving pharmacists or nurses in patient management can significantly improve blood pressure control. These findings have been demonstrated in several meta‐analyses and systematic reviews. These reviews have generally found that team‐based care can reduce systolic blood pressure by 4–10 mm Hg over usual care. However, these reviews have also concluded that many of the studies had various limitations and that additional research should be conducted. The present state of the art review paper will highlight newer studies, many of which were funded by the National Institutes of Health. Newer strategies involve telephone and/or web‐based management which is an evolving area to improve blood pressure control in large populations. Social media and other technology is currently being investigated to assist pharmacists or nurses in communicating with patients to improve hypertension management. Few cost‐effectiveness analyses have been performed but generally have found favorable costs for team‐based care when considering the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality. The authors will suggest additional research that needs to be conducted to help evaluate strategies to best implement team‐based care to improve blood pressure management.
Macroecology of unicellular organisms – patterns and processes
Authors: Soininen Janne 
Published: November 2011

SummaryMacroecology examines the relationship between organisms and their environment at large spatial (and temporal) scales. Typically, macroecologists explain the large‐scale patterns of abundance, distribution and diversity. Despite the difficulties in sampling and characterizing microbial diversity, macroecologists have recently also been interested in unicellular organisms. Here, I review the current advances made in microbial macroecology, as well as discuss related ecosystem functions. Overall, it seems that microorganisms suit surprisingly well to known species abundance distributions and show positive relationship between distribution and adundance. Microbial species–area and distance–decay relationships tend to be weaker than for macroorganisms, but nonetheless significant. Few findings on altitudinal gradients in unicellular taxa seem to differ greatly from corresponding findings for larger taxa, whereas latitudinal gradients among microorganisms have either been clearly evident or absent depending on the context. Literature also strongly emphasizes the role of spatial scale for the patterns of diversity and suggests that patterns are affected by species traits as well as ecosystem characteristics. Finally, I discuss the large role of local biotic and abiotic variables driving the community assembly in unicellular taxa and eventually dictating how multiple ecosystem processes are performed. Present review highlights the fact that most microorganisms may not differ fundamentally from larger taxa in their large‐scale distribution patterns. Yet, review also shows that many aspects of microbial macroecology are still relatively poorly understood and specific patterns depend on focal taxa and ecosystem concerned.
Enterococcus faecalis of Human and Poultry Origin Share Virulence Genes Supporting the Zoonotic Potential of E. faecalis
Authors: Olsen R. H. , Schønheyder H. C. , Christensen H. , Bisgaard M. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryEnterococcus faecalis is a major cause of nosocomial infections in humans and has been linked to severe extra‐intestinal infections in poultry. A zoonotic potential has been suggested and the aim of the present study was to investigate similarities in virulence gene profiles of E. faecalis originating from infections in humans and poultry respectively. A total of 106 isolates of E. faecalis [26 human clinical isolates, 60 poultry clinical isolates (including two small‐colony variants (SCVs) and 20 poultry cloacal isolates] were investigated for presence of seven virulence‐associated genes: ace, asa1, cylA, efaA, EF0591, esp and gelE. For each gene, the PCR‐amplification product was sequenced from one isolate in each group to explore intragenic variations between genes of human and poultry origin. Haemolytic and protease activities were assessed and isolates were assigned a sequence type (ST). Three of the seven genes investigated (ace, efaA and gelE) were present in all isolates. The asa1 was detected in 63/80 and 13/26 isolates of poultry and human origin respectively. For cylA, the numbers were 46/80 and 14/26 respectively. Among poultry isolates, esp and EF0591 were the least frequently observed genes (1/80 and 20/80 respectively); the prevalences among human isolates were 1/26 and 18/26 respectively. A high degree of similarity between genes in human and poultry isolates were confirmed by sequencing of amplification products. None of the cylA‐positive isolates demonstrated haemolytic activity, while the phenotypic expression of gelatinase varied. The ST16 was the only ST shared by human and poultry isolates. The SCV isolates did not show a unique virulence profile or phylogeny. In conclusion, regardless of the distinct phylogenetic background of most E. faecalis isolates of human and poultry origin, we found major similarities in virulence gene profile and gene sequences in isolates from the two sources, supporting the zoonotic risk associated with this organism.
An approach to assessing stochastic radiogenic risk in medical imaging
Authors: Wolbarst Anthony B. , Hendee William R. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose:This letter suggests a formalism, themedical effective dose (MED), that is suitable for assessing stochastic radiogenic risks in diagnostic medical procedures.Methods: The MED is derived from radiobiological and probabilistic first principals, including: (1) The independence of radiation‐induced biological effects in neighboring voxels at low doses; (2) the linear no‐threshold assumption for stochastic radiation injury (although other dose‐response relationships could be incorporated, instead); (3) the best human radiation dose‐response data currently available; and (4) the built‐in possibility that the carcinogenicrisk to an irradiated organ may depend on its volume. The MED involves a dose‐risk summation over irradiated voxels at high spatial resolution; it reduces to the traditional effective dose when every organ is irradiated uniformly and when the dependence of risk on organ volumes is ignored. Standard relative‐risk tissue weighting factors can be used with the MED approach until more refined data become available.Results:The MED is intended for clinical and phantom dosimetry, and it provides an estimate of overall relative radiogenic stochastic risk for any given dose distribution. A result of the MED derivation is that the stochastic risk may increase with the volume of tissue (i.e., the number of cells) irradiated, a feature that can be activated when forthcoming radiobiological research warrants it. In this regard, the MED resembles neither the standard effective dose (E) nor the CT dose index (CTDI), but it is somewhat like the CT dose‐length product (DLP).Conclusions:The MED is a novel, probabilistically and biologically based means of estimating stochastic‐risk‐weighted doses associated with medical imaging. Built in,ab initio, is the ability to link radiogenic risk to organ volume and other clinical factors. It is straightforward to implement when medical dose distributions are available, provided that one is content, for the time being, to accept the relative tissue weighting factors published by the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP). It requires no new radiobiological data and avoids major problems encountered by the E, CTDI, and CT‐E formalisms. It makes possible relative inter‐patient dosimetry, and also realistic intercomparisons of stochastic risks from different protocols that yield images of comparable quality.
Genome Sequences of Three Tunicamycin-Producing Streptomyces Strains, S. chartreusis NRRL 12338, S. chartreusis NRRL 3882, and S. lysosuperificus ATCC 31396
Authors: Doroghazi James R. , Ju Kou-San , Brown Daren W. , Labeda David P. , Deng Zixin , Metcalf William W. , Chen Wenqing , Price Neil P. J. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

We announce the sequencing of
Streptomyces chartreusis
NRRL 12338 and NRRL 3882 and
Streptomyces lysosuperificus
ATCC 31396. These are producers of tunicamycins, chartreusins, cephalosporins, holomycins, and calcimycin. The announced genomes, together with the published
Streptomyces clavuligerus
genome, will facilitate data mining of these secondary metabolites.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Extremely Acidophilic Biomining Bacterium Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans ATCC 19377 Provides Insights into the Evolution of the Acidithiobacillus Genus
Authors: Valdes Jorge , Ossandon Francisco , Quatrini Raquel , Dopson Mark , Holmes David S. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTAcidithiobacillus thiooxidansis a mesophilic, extremely acidophilic, chemolithoautotrophic gammaproteobacterium that derives energy from the oxidation of sulfur and inorganic sulfur compounds. Here we present the draft genome sequence ofA. thiooxidansATCC 19377, which has allowed the identification of genes for survival and colonization of extremely acidic environments.
The Burden of Owning Land: Habitat in Pre-Modern and Early-Modern Thailand
Authors: Terwiel Barend Jan 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
From time immemorial until the decree of 7 April 1861, all land belonged to the Thai king. This paper explores what this meant in practice, over time. In pre-modern times, land ideally could be inherited, but this could be overruled by the king. Taking and exploiting a piece of land meant that the owner would be registered and taxed. In the Chaophraya Delta, where waterways were the dominant means of water transport, two separate types of housing developed: the house-boat and houses on rafts. The latter form of high-density living on the water was only abandoned in the second half of the nineteenth century. Finally, the question of occupying land is looked at from the perspective of the commoner.
Yet Another ‘Lost’ Chapter of Wyclif’s Summa de ente Notes on some puzzling references to Tractatus 13
Authors: Campi Luigi 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This paper deals with three references found in John Wyclif’s unpublished De scientia Dei to a certain Tractatus 13, whose title relates to the position it holds in the first book of Wyclif’s Summa de ente. They are puzzling references, since the first book of the Summa is made up barely of seven tracts. In this paper I argue that the three references are actually linking devices to the final section of the De ente praedicamentali (ch. 19-22). Moreover, I maintain that, at the time of the compilation of his De scientia Dei, Wyclif conceived the first book of his Summa as containing thirteen tracts, the last seven of which later collected under a single item (viz. the De ente praedicamentali). This allows for a broader and more consistent account of the order and dating of the De scientia Dei (1372) and other Wyclif’s writings.
Heinrich Bullinger and Jean Calvin on the Authority of Scripture (1538-1571)
Authors: van den Belt Henk 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This article summarizes Jean Calvin’s concept of the self-convincing authority of Scripture, and relates his position to the writings of Heinrich Bullinger. The authors possibly influenced each other. Both use the Greek term autopistos for the authority of Scripture. In 1571, Bullinger published an anonymous work that relies on Calvin’s Institutes. In spite of minor differences in emphasis, the reformers agreed in maintaining the independent authority of Scripture as the norm of faith. For both authors Word and Spirit were intimately connected, although in the writings studied for this article Calvin more explicitly connects the acknowledgement of Scripture’s authority to the witness of the Spirit.
Illumination
Authors: Webster John 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Illumination of the reader of Scripture is best understood as an element in the economy of the Holy Spirit who renews human intelligence. The Spirit who illuminates the mind is (1) the eternal Spirit who shares in the divine nature and the divine wisdom; (2) the one who gives life to rational creatures, sustaining creaturely intellectual movement, regenerating created intellectual nature and overcoming ignorance and darkness. As the Spirit of revelation, he oversees the production of Holy Scripture and the processes of its reception, enabling created intelligence to know the divine mind which Scripture sets forth, and sanctifying the exercise of proper creaturely powers.
Representing contemporary urban space: Cairo malls in two Egyptian novels
Authors: Heshmat Dina 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Taking into account the expansion of malls as a constitutive element of Egyptian urbanism at the beginning of the twenty-first century, this article analyzes the representation of the mall in two contemporary Egyptian novels. A close reading of Mūsīqā l-mūl by Maḥmūd al-Wardānī and An takūna ʿAbbās al-ʿAbd, by Aḥmad al-ʿĀydī shows that the function of intertextuality in those narratives is central to understand this representation, as well as the sense of alienation or belonging to the contemporary urban space it conveys. Al-Wardānī constructs his novel through intertextuality with a classical Arabic text, contrasting the contemporary space of the mall with the ideal bazaar of a One Thousand and One Nights tale (al-ḥammāl maʿa l-banāt), mapping the latter out as an utopian space versus the hostile, anti-erotic and despotic atmosphere of the mall. Al-ʿĀydī’s approach places the mall at the center of global consumer culture, a space of encounter and refuge, away from the aggressive street environment.
Routine Infanticide by Married Couples? An Assessment of Baptismal Records from Seventeenth Century Parma
Authors: Hynes Laura 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This study uses baptismal records from the Italian city of Parma from 1609 to 1637 to chart the sex ratio of male and female infants at baptism. This article measures the Parman sex ratio against the natural sex ratio at birth for live-born infants, as determined by Praven Visaria, and offers preliminary findings that indicate that married couples used infanticide as a means of controlling family size and sex in seventeenth-century Parma. The 28 years studied encompass both relatively strong economic and agricultural years as well as a variety of crises. By selecting a period with both good and bad economic years it is possible to see if parents behaved differently as their household conditions varied. Further, dividing the approximately 30,000 baptisms by rural and urban jurisdictions and familial socio-economic status makes visible parental recourse to infanticide through unnatural ratios of males and females within different segments of society.
Do We Need a Postmodern Anthropology for Mission in a Postcolonial World?
Authors: Rynkiewich Michael A. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
There was a time when mission studies benefitted from a symbiotic relationship with the social sciences. However, it appears that relationship has stagnated and now is waning. The argument is made here, in the case of cultural anthropology both in Europe and the United States, that a once mutually beneficial though sometimes strained relationship has suffered a parting of the ways in recent decades. First, the article reviews the relationships between missionaries and anthropologists before World War II when it was possible to be a ‘missionary anthropologist’ with a foot in both disciplines. In that period, the conversation went two ways with missionary anthropologists making important contributions to anthropology. Then, the article reviews some aspects of the development of the two disciplines after World War II when increasing professionalism in both disciplines and a postmodern turn in anthropology took the disciplines in different directions. Finally, the article asks whether or not the conversation, and thus the cross-fertilization, can be restarted, especially since the youngest generation of anthropologists has recognized the reality of local Christianities in their fields of study.
From Sympathy to Reparation for Female Victims of Sexual Violence in Armed Conflicts
Authors: Eboe-Osuji Chile 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
There is a newfound momentum in international law for reparation for the victims of gross violations of human rights. This momentum has been largely hortative in resonance than actual. The slow progress in translating that desire into tangible, effective reparation programmes is partly attributable to the absence of coherent theoretical bases – especially palatable ones – for reparation in particular cases. It is submitted, however, that in canvassing the theories of reparation, the driving consideration must always remain the interests of victims and not the intellectual satisfaction of knowledgeable and well-meaning experts. The most erudite rationalization of the idea of reparation will be of no consequence if it does not, in practice, assist in improving the lives of the victims. While, it is important always to keep in view the fault-based theories of reparation, it is also advisable to consider the utility of employing the no-fault-based rationale for achieving the aim of reparation when the party at fault is either unavailable or unable to make reparation at all or in full. Hence, guidance might be had to the gratis model of reparation employed in many domestic jurisdictions to make some compensation to victims of violent crimes.
Emplacing Slavery: Roots, Monuments and Politics of Belonging in the Netherlands
Authors: Balkenhol Markus 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this article, I argue that the commemoration of slavery should be seen as a process of emplacement. It refers to a specific politics of belonging in the Netherlands that is focused on autochthony and that carries strong notions of place. I discuss two strategies of emplacement that both engage in these politics of belonging. One is the search for roots in Africa, through which black Dutch negotiate their place in Netherlands as citizens. The other engages in the transformation of the Dutch memoryscape through formal commemorations and monuments. I understand both strategies as processes generatinglocal subjectsin Appadurai’s sense, emphasizing that locality as a relationship of body and place is a fundamental ingredient in processes of political subjectification.
The Politics of Boundaries: The Shifting Terrain of Belonging for Zimbabweans in a South African Border Zone
Authors: Rutherford Blair 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This paper examines Zimbabwean immigrants in northern South Africa and the ways through which they are able to claim, or not, some form of belonging. Drawing on the concept of “political subjectivity”, I trace the changes in the power relations shaping the forms of belonging operating on the commercial farms and the border town of Musina since 2000 and the concomitant shifts in some of the Zimbabweans’ tactics in these spaces. In particular, I look at the political subjectivities of “Zimbabwean farm workers” and “Zimbabwean woman asylum-seekers”. This analysis shows what particular imaginaries have become authoritative for differently situated Zimbabwean immigrants and denizens in this region, enabling particular claims for resources, accommodation, and belonging.
Building Up Belonging: Diasporic “Homecomers”, the Ghanaian Government and Traditional Rulers: A Case of Return*
Authors: Delpino Gaia 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis essay analyzes the political dynamics involved in the construction of belonging in the case of African Americans’ “return” from the diaspora generated by the Atlantic slave trade to a town in Southern Ghana. Given the articulated belief of common ancestral origins, such arrival was initially welcomed by all the three groups of actors involved: thereturnees, the local authorities, divided by a chieftaincy dispute, and the Ghanaian government that was supporting homecoming policies. The concepts of origins and kinship and the way to validate them, though, were differently conceived by the various political actors; furthermore each of them held dissimilar reasons and had different expectations behind this return. All these differences created a mutual, mutable and dynamic relation between the actors who were involved in the arrival and aimed to assert their authority.
Thinking through Political Subjectivity
Authors: Krause Kristine , Schramm Katharina 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn the introduction to this special volume the editors focus on the analytical value of “political subjectivities” in emergent social fields that are characterized by multiple diasporic overlaps. They emphasize the central role played by various forms of governance in producing, confirming and contesting politics of transnational incorporation and diasporic participation and consider how these political projects often target members of historically differently situated groups. In particular, they draw attention to moments of exclusion and non-incorporation. The analytical concept of political subjectivity helps to understand how people relate to governance and authorities. It denotes how a single person or a group of actors is brought into a position to stake claims, to have a voice, and to be recognizable by authorities. At the same time the term points to the political and power-ridden dimension within politics of identity and belonging, encompassing the imaginary as well as the judicial-political dimension of claims to belonging and citizenship.
Performance of Recent Multimodel ENSO Forecasts
Authors: Tippett Michael K. , Barnston Anthony G. , Li Shuhua 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe performance of the International Research Institute for Climate and Society “ENSO forecast plume” during the 2002–11 period is evaluated using deterministic and probabilistic verification measures. The plume includes multiple model forecasts of the Niño-3.4 index for nine overlapping 3-month periods beginning the month following the latest observations. Skills decrease with increasing lead time and are highest for forecasts made after the northern spring predictability barrier for target seasons occurring prior to the forthcoming such barrier. Forecasts are found to verify systematically better against observations occurring earlier than the intended forecast targets, an effect that becomes greater with increasing lead time. During the study period, the mean forecasts of dynamical models appear to slightly (and statistically insignificantly) outperform those of statistical models, representing a subtle shift from earlier studies. The mean forecasts of dynamical models have overall larger anomalies but similar errors to those of statistical models. Intermodel spread is related to forecast error in an average sense with changes in forecast error due to changes in lead and verification season being properly reflected in changes in spread. The intermodel spread underestimates the forecast error variance, to a greater extent for statistical forecasts than for dynamical ones. Year-to-year changes in plume spread provide little additional information relative to climatological ones.