bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low vegetable intake is associated with allergic asthma and moderate‐to‐severe airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Protudjer Jennifer L.P. , Sevenhuysen Gustaaf P. , Ramsey Clare D. , Kozyrskyj Anita L. , Becker Allan B. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundIn recent decades, children's diet quality has changed and asthma prevalence has increased, although it remains unclear if these events are associated.ObjectiveTo examine children's total and component diet quality and asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a proxy for asthma severity.MethodsFood frequency questionnaires adapted from the Nurses' Health Study and supplemented with foods whose nutrients which have garnered interest of late in relation to asthma were administered. From these data, diet quality scores (total and component), based on the Youth Healthy Eating Index (YHEI adapted) were developed. Asthma assessments were performed by pediatric allergists and classified by atopic status: Allergic asthma (≥1 positive skin prick test to common allergens >3 mm compared to negative control) versus non‐allergic asthma (negative skin prick test). AHR was assessed via the Cockcroft technique. Participants included 270 boys (30% with asthma) and 206 girls (33% with asthma) involved in the 1995 Manitoba Prospective Cohort Study nested case‐control study. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between diet quality and asthma, and multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between diet quality and AHR.ResultsFour hundred seventy six children (56.7% boys) were seen at 12.6 ± 0.5 years. Asthma and AHR prevalence were 26.2 and 53.8%, respectively. In fully adjusted models, high vegetable intake was protective against allergic asthma (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.29–0.84; P < 0.009) and moderate/severe AHR (OR 0.58; 0.37–0.91; P < 0.019).ConclusionsVegetable intake is inversely associated with allergic asthma and moderate/severe AHR. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:1159–1169. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nicotinamide and picolinamide in phospholipid monolayers
Authors: Florencia Martini María , Disalvo Edgardo Aníbal , Pickholz Mónica 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations have been performed to investigate the interactions between nicotinamide (NA) and picolinamide (PA) with Langmuir monolayers of zwitterionic lipids: dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE). Our results for the DMPC monolayers show that both NA and PA molecules are essentially found at the lipid/water interface and present orientational disorder of the molecules. In the case of DMPE monolayers, the pyridine nitrogen seems to be located deeper inside the monolayer than the amide group, for both isomers, being the effect higher for PA. We have computed electrostatic surface potentials and found qualitatively good agreement with experimental results. The different orientation and specific interactions of each molecule determine changes in the head orientation of the phospholipids, as the case of PA in DMPE monolayers, or in the orientation of the water dipoles, as it is the case of PA in DMPC monolayers. Through these analyses, we were able to capture the main contributions to the electrostatic potential in each system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Local HSAB rationalization of diels–alder reactions by means of ab initio and ABEEMσπ methods: Stereoselectivity and reaction rate
Authors: Zhao Dong‐Xia , Xu Zhen‐Zhen , Yang Zhong‐Zhi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this article, four series of Diels–Alder (DA) reactions (totally, 68 reactions) have been investigated, including their transition states, by means of ab initio method at MP2/6‐311+G(d,p) level and atom‐bond electronegativity equalization method (ABEEMσπ) method. The rationalization of stereoselectivities of these DA reactions has been done in the light of the local hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) criterion. The results show that the finite difference approximation with ab initio method can not always be used to predict the stereoselectivities of these reactions, while ABEEMσπ method can properly be applied to predict the stereoselectivities of these DA reactions. Moreover, we have proposed the generalized Fukui function and local softness which involve the number of the atoms of a molecule. For the first time, we here demonstrate that local HSAB criterion with the generalized local softness can be utilized not only to predict the main products of these DA reactions but also to rationalize the relative magnitudes of the reaction rate constants of these DA reactions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A surface‐activated chemical ionization approach allows quantitative phosphorylation analysis of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor Sic1 phosphorylated on Ser201
Authors: Cirulli Claudia , Coccetti Paola , Alberghina Lilia , Tripodi Farida 
Published: May 2012

RATIONALEQuantitative phosphoproteomics represents a front line for functional proteomics and hence for systems biology. Here we present a new application of the surface‐activated chemical ionization (SACI) technology for quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis. The main advantages of SACI‐MS technology are high sensitivity, quantitative accuracy and matrix effect reduction, which allow quantitative estimations.METHODSA SACI‐MS approach was used to investigate the quantitative in vivo phosphorylation of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor Sic1, a low‐abundance protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is phosphorylated on Ser201 by casein kinase 2 (CK2) and compared its phosphorylation status in cells growing in two different carbon sources (glucose or ethanol).RESULTSOur relative quantification indicated that the Sic1‐Ser201 phosphorylation level is about 2‐fold higher in ethanol‐ than in glucose‐growing cells, proportional to the Sic1 protein level. This finding is coherent with results of western blot analysis using anti‐phospho‐Ser201‐specific antibody, validating the results obtained with this new SACI approach.CONCLUSIONSThe findings presented in this paper indicate that the innovative LC/SACI‐MS method, coupled with immunoprecipitation, is a powerful device to obtain quantitative information on the phosphorylation state of low abundance proteins. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CEO compensation: A resource advantage and stakeholder‐bargaining perspective
Authors: Pandher Gurupdesh , Currie Russell 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper studies how CEO pay and its composition is shaped by strategic factors related to the firm's capacity to generate rents and value, the uncertainty of its resource advantage, and the competitive interaction between firm stakeholders and top management. This is done using an analytical framework in which the CEO and other firm stakeholders interact over the firm's resource surplus as utility‐maximizing claimants based on their relative bargaining power while providing shareholders their market‐based required return. Results from the model yield a number of cogent strategic insights and predictions on the causal interplay between CEO pay, firm growth and risk characteristics, stakeholder management, corporate strategy (e.g., offshoring production), and behavioral biases such as CEO optimism and overconfidence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A General Route to Efficient Functionalization of Silicon Quantum Dots for High‐Performance Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Yuexian , Peng Fei , Chen Chunying , He Yonghong , Ma Hui , Cao Lixin , Sun Shuqing 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA general technique for efficient surface modification of silicon nanocrystals is highly desirable for the development of silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) as fluorescent probes for biological applications. Herein, a facile microwave‐assisted hydrosilylation process for the preparation of stable SiQDs in a single step is presented. FTIR spectroscopy indicates that molecules with various terminal functionalities, such as alcohol, alkyl groups, and carboxylic acid, are grafted successfully onto the surface of silicon nanocrystals. The dispersibility of such SiQDs is clearly dependent on the terminal functional groups of the grafted molecules. In addition, the as‐prepared SiQDs show excellent cell compatibility, photoluminescence properties, and stability, and their use as long‐term intracellular fluorescent probes is also demonstrated. It is envisaged that this facile and effective method for the stabilization and functionalization of SiQDs with tailored wetting and chemical properties will enable wide application of SiQDs in a number of areas.
Drug dependency and its management in younger men
Authors: Grewal Pardeep , Punukollu Bhaskar 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMen are more likely to use illegal drugs than women, and tend to have a greater desire to experiment with drugs than their female counterparts, who more often use drugs to relieve stress. The authors look at some of the complications associated with excess drug use and discuss management principles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons
Urolithiasis: the role of imaging
Authors: Patel Dhruv , Patel Uday 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe incidence of urinary calculi is increasing, as is the diagnostic ability of medical imaging. The authors review imaging modalities for the diagnosis and treatment of urinary stone disease, and explain how imaging has a key role in management of patients with nephrolithiasis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons
Utilising a LIDAR to detect volcanic ash in the near‐field
Authors: Petersen Guðrún Nína , von Löwis Sibylle , Brooks Barbara , Groves James , Mobbs Stephen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAlthough many LIDAR systems in the UK and Continental Europe observed ash during the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption, no LIDAR was located in Iceland and the question regarding whether LIDARs have potential for near‐field monitoring of explosive eruptions remained unanswered. A LIDAR was therefore deployed in southern Iceland in 2011, by the Icelandic Meteorological Office and the UK National Centre of Atmospheric Science, with the aim of using re‐suspension of volcanic ash as a pilot near‐field programme. When Grímsvötn erupted in 2011 it was moved to Keflavík Airport to monitor the atmosphere above the airport. Here we describe this successful redeployment.
Aerial surveys adjusted by ground surveys to estimate area occupied by black‐tailed prairie dog colonies
Authors: Sidle John G. , Augustine David J. , Johnson Douglas H. , Miller Sterling D. , Cully Jack F. , Reading Richard P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAerial surveys using line‐intercept methods are one approach to estimate the extent of prairie dog colonies in a large geographic area. Although black‐tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) construct conspicuous mounds at burrow openings, aerial observers have difficulty discriminating between areas with burrows occupied by prairie dogs (colonies) versus areas of uninhabited burrows (uninhabited colony sites). Consequently, aerial line‐intercept surveys may overestimate prairie dog colony extent unless adjusted by an on‐the‐ground inspection of a sample of intercepts. We compared aerial line‐intercept surveys conducted over 2 National Grasslands in Colorado, USA, with independent ground‐mapping of known black‐tailed prairie dog colonies. Aerial line‐intercepts adjusted by ground surveys using a single activity category adjustment overestimated colonies by ≥94% on the Comanche National Grassland and ≥58% on the Pawnee National Grassland. We present a ground‐survey technique that involves 1) visiting on the ground a subset of aerial intercepts classified as occupied colonies plus a subset of intercepts classified as uninhabited colony sites, and 2) based on these ground observations, recording the proportion of each aerial intercept that intersects a colony and the proportion that intersects an uninhabited colony site. Where line‐intercept techniques are applied to aerial surveys or remotely sensed imagery, this method can provide more accurate estimates of black‐tailed prairie dog abundance and trends. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The universal aspect ratio of vortices in rotating stratified flows: theory and simulation
Authors: Hassanzadeh Pedram , Marcus Philip S. , Le Gal Patrice 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe derive a relationship for the vortex aspect ratio $\ensuremath{\alpha} $ (vertical half-thickness over horizontal length scale) for steady and slowly evolving vortices in rotating stratified fluids, as a function of the Brunt–Väisälä frequencies within the vortex ${N}_{c} $ and in the background fluid outside the vortex $\bar {N} $, the Coriolis parameter $f$ and the Rossby number $\mathit{Ro}$ of the vortex: ${\ensuremath{\alpha} }^{2} = \mathit{Ro}(1+ \mathit{Ro}){f}^{2} / ({ N}_{c}^{2} \ensuremath{-} {\bar {N} }^{2} )$. This relation is valid for cyclones and anticyclones in either the cyclostrophic or geostrophic regimes; it works with vortices in Boussinesq fluids or ideal gases, and the background density gradient need not be uniform. Our relation for $\ensuremath{\alpha} $ has many consequences for equilibrium vortices in rotating stratified flows. For example, cyclones must have ${ N}_{c}^{2} \gt {\bar {N} }^{2} $; weak anticyclones (with $\vert \mathit{Ro}\vert \lt 1$) must have ${ N}_{c}^{2} \lt {\bar {N} }^{2} $; and strong anticyclones must have ${ N}_{c}^{2} \gt {\bar {N} }^{2} $. We verify our relation for $\ensuremath{\alpha} $ with numerical simulations of the three-dimensional Boussinesq equations for a wide variety of vortices, including: vortices that are initially in (dissipationless) equilibrium and then evolve due to an imposed weak viscous dissipation or density radiation; anticyclones created by the geostrophic adjustment of a patch of locally mixed density; cyclones created by fluid suction from a small localized region; vortices created from the remnants of the violent breakups of columnar vortices; and weakly non-axisymmetric vortices. The values of the aspect ratios of our numerically computed vortices validate our relationship for $\ensuremath{\alpha} $, and generally they differ significantly from the values obtained from the much-cited conjecture that $\ensuremath{\alpha} = f/ \bar {N} $ in quasi-geostrophic vortices.
Experiments on multi-agent capture of a stochastically moving object using modified projective path planning
Authors: Shinde Vijaysingh , Dutta Ashish , Saxena Anupam 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYMost of the past research in swarm robotics has considered object capture and transport using a specified and very large number of agents. The objects therein were either stationary or moving deterministically (i.e., along a known path). In most previous efforts, the obstacles were also considered stationary. Here we present a modified projective path planning algorithm and illustrate via laboratory experiments that an object exhibiting stochastic (unplanned) but low-speed motion can be restrained by a limited number of agents guided in real-time across randomly moving obstacles. Relaxation of certain restrictions in the grasping objective allows for the determination of a minimum number and placement of agents around the perimeter of any generically shaped prismatic object. A closed loop experiment is designed using a single overhead camera that provides the visual feedback and helps determine the instantaneous positions of all entities in the workspace. Control signals are sent to the robots via wireless modules by a central processing unit to navigate and guide them to their respective new positions in the subsequent time-step. Agents continue to receive signals until they restrict the moving object in form closure.
How Much Are We Willing to Pay to Prevent A Fall? Cost-Effectiveness of a Multifactorial Falls Prevention Program for Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Jenkyn Krista Bray , Hoch Jeffrey S. , Speechley Mark 
Published: May 2012

RÉSUMÉCette étude a examiné le rapport coût-efficacité d’un programme multifactoriel de prévention des chutes et a évalué le compromis entre les coûts supplémentaires d’un tel programme et une augmentation de la réduction des chutes accidentelles. Le rapport coût-efficacité a été évalué en utilisant le rapport coût-efficacité différentiel traditionnel (RCED) et cadre de régression de l’avantage net (CRAN). En utilisant du CRAN, la prise de décision a été officialisée par l’incorporation,a priori,d’une predisposition à payer (PAP). Les résultats n’ont pas fourni preuve qu’un programme multifactoriel de prévention des chutes a été rentable. L’adhésion des participants au recommandations allaient de faible (41,3%) à modéré (21,1%), à élevé (37,6%). Un défi futur sera de comprendre plus clairement la relation entre la personne âgée qui habite à une communauté avec les risques de chutes qui sont potentiellement modifiables, le respect des recommandations concernant les facteurs de risque multifactoriels, les coûts, et les effets qui en résultent de pratiques pour prévenir les chutes. Les futures évaluations économiques des interventions pour éviter les chutes restent nécessaires et devraient tenir compte du CRAN afin que les outils de régression puissent faciliter l’analyse coût-efficacité.
Neurocognitive Speed and Inconsistency in Parkinson's Disease with and without Incipient Dementia: An 18-Month Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: de Frias Cindy M. , Dixon Roger A. , Camicioli Richard 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe examined two-wave longitudinal changes in two indicators of neurocognitive speed (i.e., mean rate, intraindividual variability) using one simple and three complex reaction time tasks. Participants included idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, with and without incipient dementia, and normal controls. At baseline, there were 45 patients (26 men, 19 women) with idiopathic PD who ranged from 65 to 84 years (M = 71.3; SD = 4.5) and 47 matched controls (27 men, 20 women) who ranged from 65 to 84 years (M = 71.4; SD = 4.9). The 18-month longitudinal sample comprised of 74 returning participants (43 controls; 31 PD patients) who had no cognitive impairment or dementia at both waves. Ten of the 31 PD patients returning for Time 3 had dementia or cognitive impairment. These constituted the PD with incipient dementia (PDID) group. Repeated measures analyses of variance showed that the PD and PDID groups were slower over time on the reaction time tasks, whereas the controls improved their performance over time on all tasks. Inconsistency distinguished the two clinical groups (i.e., the PDID group but not the PD group became more inconsistent over time). Changes in neurocognitive speed and inconsistency may be valid clinical markers of PDID. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–9)
Everyday Action Impairment in Parkinson's Disease Dementia
Authors: Giovannetti Tania , Britnell Priscilla , Brennan Laura , Siderowf Andrew , Grossman Murray , Libon David J. , Bettcher Brianne M. , Rouzard Francesca , Eppig Joel , Seidel Gregory A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study examined everyday action impairment in participants with Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) by comparison with participants with Parkinson's disease-no dementia (PD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in reference to a neuropsychological model. Participants with PDD (n = 20), PD (n = 20), or AD (n = 20) were administered performance-based measures of everyday functioning that allowed for the quantification of overall performance and error types. Also, caregiver ratings of functional independence were obtained. On performance-based tests, the PDD group exhibited greater functional impairment than the PD group but comparable overall impairment relative to the AD group. Error patterns did not differ between PDD and PD participants but the PDD group demonstrated a higher proportion of commission errors and lower proportion of omission errors relative to the AD group. Hierarchical regression analyses showed omission errors were significantly predicted by neuropsychological measures of episodic memory, whereas commission errors were predicted by both measures of general dementia severity (MMSE) and executive control. Everyday action impairment in PDD differs quantitatively from PD but qualitatively from AD and may be characterized by a relatively high proportion of commission errors—an error type associated with executive control deficits. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–12)
Wireless space-division-multiplexed signal discrimination device using electro-optic modulator with antenna-coupled electrodes and polarization-reversed structures
Authors: Murata Hiroshi , Miyanaka Ryota , Okamura Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2012

Millimeter-wave wireless space-division-multiplexing signals were discriminated by a newly developed electro-optic modulator using an array of antenna-coupled electrodes and polarization-reversed structures of ferroelectric optical crystals. Discrimination with channel isolation over 13 dB was obtained for two 38 GHz wireless signals with an irradiation angle difference of 15° by use of a fabricated device 30 mm in length.
A Comparison Between the First-Fit Settings of Two Multichannel Digital Signal-Processing Strategies: Music Quality Ratings and Speech-in-Noise Scores
Authors: Higgins Paul , Searchfield Grant , Coad Gavin 
Published: May 2012

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine which level-dependent hearing aid digital signal-processing strategy (DSP) participants preferred when listening to music and/or performing a speech-in-noise task.

Method
Two receiver-in-the-ear hearing aids were compared: one using 32-channel adaptive dynamic range optimization (ADRO) and the other wide dynamic range compression (WDRC) incorporating dual fast (4 channel) and slow (15 channel) processing. The manufacturers' first-fit settings based on participants' audiograms were used in both cases. Results were obtained from 18 participants on a quick speech-in-noise (QuickSIN; Killion, Niquette, Gudmundsen, Revit, & Banerjee, 2004) task and for 3 music listening conditions (classical, jazz, and rock).

Results
Participants preferred the quality of music and performed better at the QuickSIN task using the hearing aids with ADRO processing. A potential reason for the better performance of the ADRO hearing aids was less fluctuation in output with change in sound dynamics.

Conclusion
ADRO processing has advantages for both music quality and speech recognition in noise over the multichannel WDRC processing that was used in the study. Further evaluations of which DSP aspects contribute to listener preference are required.
The Practical Hearing Aids Skills Test—Revised
Authors: Doherty Karen A. , Desjardins Jamie L. 
Published: May 2012

Purpose
The purpose of the present study was to revise the Practical Hearing Aid Skills Test (PHAST; Desjardins & Doherty, 2009) for clinical use.

Method
The original PHAST 5-point rating scale was revised to a 3-point rating scale, and the battery and hearing aid cleaning skill tasks were revised to include additional actions necessary to perform these tasks. The revised version of the PHAST is referred to as the Practical Hearing Aid Skills Test—Revised (PHAST–R). The data obtained in the Desjardins and Doherty (2009) study with the original PHAST 5-point rating scale were re-analyzed in the present study using the PHAST–R 3-point rating scale. Also, the PHAST–R was piloted on 15 experienced hearing aid users in a clinical setting.

Results

The secondary data analysis of the original PHAST scores showed no significant difference between participants' percentage correct scores using the original PHAST 5-point rating scale and the PHAST–R 3-point rating scale. PHAST–R scores for the group of 15 experienced hearing aid users ranged from 61.29% to 100% (
M
= 88.48,
SD
= 12.6).

Conclusion
Clinicians were able to use the PHAST–R to quickly and objectively identify hearing aid orientation problems for which clients needed counseling and reinstruction.