bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Pain after Laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal Hernia Repair: A Randomized Comparison of Light and Extralight Titanized Polypropylene Mesh
Authors: Schopf Stefan , von Ahnen Thomas , von Ahnen Martin , Schardey Hans 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this prospective, randomized, single‐blinded clinical trial was to compare the incidence of chronic pain after laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair (TAPP) using a 35‐g/m2 titanized polypropylene mesh and a 16‐g/m2 titanized polypropylene mesh. The reported incidence of chronic pain in patients who underwent laparoscopic hernia repair is a serious problem. The techniques of dissection, mesh fixation, and the mesh material used have all been identified as being part of the problem. Excellent biocompatibility through a unique combination of a lightweight open porous polypropylene mesh covered with a covalent‐bonded titanium layer has been claimed. The aim of this study was to find out whether the titanium surface alone or the difference in material load between the two available meshes influences clinical outcomes.MethodsThree hundred eighty patients with 466 inguinal hernias were operated on between 2002 and 2006 with the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) technique. Mesh fixation with staples was carried out routinely. After the dissection was completed just prior to the implantation of the mesh, patients were randomized into two groups. In Group A, 250 (53.6%) inguinal hernias were repaired with a 35‐g/m2 titanized polypropylene mesh, and in Group B, 216 (46.4%) inguinal hernias were repaired with a 16‐g/m2 titanized polypropylene mesh. The primary outcome was chronic pain 3 years after surgery. The degree of pain was determined using a visual analog scale (VAS) with a range from 0 to 10. The secondary outcome was the rate of recurrence.ResultsThe postoperative period of observation was at least 3 years for every patient. In both groups, 90% of the patients could be questioned and examined clinically: in Group A (Light), 5.3% of the patients and in Group B (Extralight), 1.5% of the patients suffered from chronic pain. Chronic pain was significantly more common in Group A than in Group B (p = 0.037). There was no difference with respect to the rate of recurrence: for Group A it was 3.1% and for Group B it was 2.6% (p = 0.724).ConclusionsChronic pain is not very common in patients who have had their inguinal hernias repaired with titanium‐covered polypropylene mesh. Reducing the material load from 35 to 16 g/m2 seems to further improve the biocompatibility of these meshes, thus improving the clinical outcome by reducing chronic pain to a rare event. The role of staples in causing chronic pain following inguinal hernia repair may be overestimated. There was no evidence supporting the notion that the use of the 16‐g/m2 titanized meshes is associated with increased recurrence rates.
Omega‐3 Index Correlates with Healthier Food Consumption in Adolescents and with Reduced Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adolescent Boys
Authors: O'Sullivan Therese A. , Ambrosini Gina L. , Mori Trevor A. , Beilin Lawrie J. , Oddy Wendy H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Omega‐3 Index, a measure of long‐chain omega‐3 fats in red blood cell membranes, predicts heart disease mortality in adults, but its association with cardiovascular risk factors in younger populations is unknown. We determined the Omega‐3 Index in adolescents participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Cohort, assessed associations with diet, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors, and investigated independent associations with cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Red blood cell fatty acid analysis was determined for 1,301 adolescents aged 13–15 years. Risk factors examined were blood pressure, fasting blood insulin and glucose concentrations, and fasting blood lipids including ratios. The mean Omega‐3 Index was 4.90 ± 1.04% (range 1.41–8.42%). When compared with categories identified in adults, 15.6% of adolescents were in the high risk category (Index < 4%). Age (P < 0.01), maternal education (P < 0.01) and BMI (P = 0.05) were positively associated with the Omega‐3 Index. The Index was positively associated with dietary intakes of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid (P < 0.01), protein (P < 0.01), omega‐3 fats (P < 0.04), and food groups of fish and wholegrains (both P < 0.01), and negatively associated with intakes of soft drinks and crisps (both P < 0.01). In boys, the Omega‐3 Index was independently associated with total (β = 0.06, P = 0.01) and HDL‐cholesterol (β = 0.03, P = 0.01), and diastolic blood pressure (β = −0.68, P = 0.04). The predictability of the Index for the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life warrants further investigation in the adolescent population.
Evidence of selective changes in winter wheat in middle-European environments reflected by allelic diversity at loci affecting plant height and photoperiodic response
Authors: ŠÍP V. , CHRPOVÁ J. , ŽOFAJOVÁ A. , MILEC Z. , MIHALIK D. , PÁNKOVÁ K. , SNAPE J. W. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYGenes for adaptation to climatic conditions can have an impact on the expression of genes for agricultural productivity. This study tested the hypothesis that winter wheat cultivars registered in middle Europe (especially the Czech and Slovak Republics) during the period 1976–2009 were differentially adapted to different regions, reflecting selection for different allelic combinations. This was tested by analysing for the presence of alleles at theRhtandPpdloci using molecular markers and gibberellic acids (GA) response tests. Four allelic variants (174, 192, 165 and 198-bp) were detected at theXgwm261locus linked toRht8on chromosome 2D. The 198-bp allele was rare, but present in some of the most widely grown cultivars. Of 85 cultivars grown in the area of Czech Republic, the 174-bp allele predominated in frequency and area (39 cultivars), often in combination withPpd-D1b(30 out of 39 cultivars) andRht-D1b(15 out of 30 cultivars). In neighbouring Slovakia, the 192-bp allele, generally associated withPpd-D1a, was detected in 30 out of 40 cultivars; in 12 cultivars accompanied by a GA-insensitive allele on 4B chromosome (pedigree analyses indicated a high prevalence of theRht-B1dallele). The 192-bp (Rht8)/Ppd-D1alinkage block was broken up in 7 out of 22 cultivars that carried the 192-bp allele in the ‘Czech collection’. Analysis of the effects of year of registration on allele frequency showed a decline in GA-insensitive cultivars released recently in both countries, and great changes in the frequency of the 2D alleles during the period 1981–2009 in the Czech Republic. The pedigrees of successful cultivars were examined to find probable sources ofXgwm261192-bp, 174-bp and 165-bp alleles on 2D andRhtgenes located on chromosomes 4B and 4D. These results will impact on breeding strategies and the exploitation of existing registered wheat cultivars in different regions and growing systems.
Phylogeny and taxonomy of Potamotrygonocotyle Mayes, Brooks & Thorson, 1981 (Monogenoidea: Monocotylidae) with a description of four new species
Authors: Domingues M.V. , Marques F.P.L 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe marine-derived stingrays of Potamotrygonidae, endemic to South American river systems, host an interesting parasite fauna equally related to marine lineages. Among those lineages, the diversity and phylogenetic relationships within Potamotrygonocotyle – a monocotylid monogenoidean specific to potamotrygonids – are poorly known, since 9 of 10 species attributed to this genus have been described in the past 3 years. Here, we readdress the diversity of Potamotrygonocotyle after examining the gills of 436 potamotrygonid individuals representing 12 described and 14 potentially undescribed species of freshwater stingrays from 19 major river systems of South America (i.e. sub-basins). We recognized 12 valid species within the parasite genus, of which four are described in this study. Our taxonomic decisions were based on the phylogenetic analysis of 14 ingroup terminal taxa and 12 morphological characters, which resulted in the following hypothesis of sister-group relationships: ((P. dromedarius, P. tatianae sp. nov.), (P. rionegrense, P. auriculocotyle sp. nov., ((P. quadracotyle, P. umbella), (P. septemcotyle sp. nov., (P. chisholmae, P. uruguayense)), (P. tsalickisi, P. eurypotamoxenus, P. rarum, (P. tocantinsense sp. nov., P. aramasae))))). According to our hypothesis, the absence of autapomorphic features for some nominal species, and the re-evaluation of morphological variation among populations, led us to consider P. eurypotamoxenus and P. uruguayense as junior synonymys of P. tsalicksi and P. chisholmae, respectively. Finally, we address the importance of biogeographic and host representation, in order to fully understand the patterns of morphological variation and host specificity within this group. We found that hypotheses of species delimitation depend greatly on efforts to sample specimens throughout its distributional range and that host specificity within this genus varies dramatically among lineages.
New music and its myths: Athenaeus' reading of theAulosrevolution (Deipnosophistae14.616e–617f)
Authors: Leven Pauline A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractScholarship on the late fifth-century BC New Music Revolution has mostly relied on the evidence provided by Athenaeus, the pseudo-PlutarchDe musicaand a few other late sources. To this date, however, very little has been done to understand Athenaeus' own role in shaping our understanding of the musical culture of that period. This article argues that the historical context provided by Athenaeus in the section of theDeipnosophistaethat cites passages of Melanippides, Telestes and Pratinas on the mythology of theaulos(14.616e–617f) is not a credible reflection of the contemporary aesthetics and strategies of the authors and their works. Athenaeus is both following the structure of Aristotle's discussion of the topic of theaulosinPolitics8.1341a-1342b and accepting the élite ideological position given there. Athenaeus' text thus does not provide evidence for the historical context in which late fifth-century authors were composing, but rather constitutes an attempt to illustrate Aristotle's argument with poetic examples from late fifth-century poets.
Xenophon's parasangs
Authors: Rood Tim 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper analyses one aspect of Xenophon's representation of space, focusing on the famous stages-and-parasangs formula employed by Xenophon in theAnabasis. It starts by discussing the meaning of his terms, and then explores patterns of repetition and variation in his account of the march, split into three sections (the marches upcountry, to the sea and along the coast). Rather than explaining Xenophon's usage in terms of sources, it suggests that variations in the marching formula elaborate the successive stages of the Greeks' encounter with the spaces of the Achaemenid Empire.
TheContest of Homer and Hesiodand the ambitions of Hadrian
Authors: Uden James 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article examines the compilation known as theContest of Homer and Hesiod. More usually mined for the material it preserves from the sophist Alcidamas, here I advance a reading that seeks to make sense of the compilation as a whole and situates the work ideologically in its Imperial context. An anecdote early in the compilation depicts the emperor Hadrian enquiring about Homer's birthplace and parents from the Delphic Oracle; he is told that Telemachus was Homer's father and Ithaca his homeland. When the text says that we must believe this self-evidently absurd response on account of the status of the emperor, its author is satirizing Hadrian's ambitions to participate in the Greek intellectual world and the pressures on scholars to accept Hadrian's authority in their field. Moreover, the compiler has linked this anecdote to the long account of the poetic contest between Homer and Hesiod in order to draw an unflattering parallel between Hadrian and King Panedes, who, as writers such as Lucian and Dio Chrysostom suggested, exposed his ineptitude in choosing Hesiod over Homer as the victor of the contest.
The tragedian as critic: Euripides and early Greek poetics
Authors: Wright Matthew 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article examines the place of tragic poetry within the early history and development of ancient literary criticism. It concentrates on Euripides, both because his works contain many more literary-critical reflections than those of the other tragedians and because he has been thought to possess an unusually ‘critical’ outlook. Euripidean characters and choruses talk about such matters as poetic skill and inspiration, the social function of poetry, contexts for performance, literary and rhetorical culture, and novelty as an implied criterion for judging literary excellence. It is argued that the implied view of literature which emerges from Euripidean tragedy is both coherent and conventional. As a critic, Euripides, far from being a radical or aggressively modern figure (as he is often portrayed), is in fact distinctly conservative, looking back in every respect to the earlier Greek poetic tradition.
The Grundgedanke of the Tractatus
Authors: McGuinness Brian 
Published: November 2010

I take as my text propostion 4.0312 of the Tractatus:The possibility of propositions is based on the principle that objects have signs as their representatives.My fundamental idea is that the ‘logical constants’ are not representatives; that there can be no representatives of the logic of facts.Practically the same words occur (with two additional sentences) in Wittgenstein's Notebook for 25 December 1914, where Miss Anscombe translates them:The possibility of the proposition is, of course, founded on the principle of signs as going proxy for objects.Thus in the proposition something has something else as its proxy. But there is also the common cement.My fundamental thought is that the logical constants are not proxies. That the logic of the fact cannot have anything as its proxy.
Assessing the Value of Saving Lives
Authors: Glover Jonathan 
Published: November 2010

Sir, I have recently had occasion to give my support to a local demand by parents and teachers for a patrolled crossing over a busy road outside their children's school. I have been appalled at what I have learned.First, that such requests are considered on the evidence of traffic volume, the number of children killed and injured, and the degree of ‘negligence’ of a child in contributing to his own injury. Second, the battle to justify the need for a crossing patrol has to be fought over and over again, by each school independently. Must we then draw up, for every school, a profit and loss account of children killed and injured balanced against inconvenience to traffic? Traffic volume is irrelevant, any traffic constitutes a risk. Can a five-year-old be ‘negligent’ in law? A child is a child is a child: of course he is ‘negligent’ — whatever that means! Whose children are they but ours who drive the traffic?There can be no argument. The issue is, do we suffer some occasional inconvenience as we drive or do we prefer to risk death and injury to our children? There is only one answer and I am sure the police are only too painfully aware of it but find themselves trapped in a maze of bureaucratic nonsense, sanctified by committal to print and blessed by precedent.
Hume's Impressions
Authors: Butler R. J. 
Published: November 2010

It is a pleasure to read Hume, and to watch him explore recalcitrant problems with agility of mind and grace of style. Ironically these twin abilities have worked against each other from the beginning, in the first place because in the matter of writing Hume was an innovator — nobody before him had so successfully albeit unwittingly adapted French syntax to the writing of English-and-Scottish - and in the second place because on the grace of his style subtleties of thought flow past his readers, who then accuse him of obscurity. So abstruse were his writings to his contemporaries that he failed to achieve the literary recognition for which he craved; and even today, long after the elegance of his style has been received, it is said by Passmore that Hume in contrast to Berkeley ‘was a philosophical puppy-dog, picking up and worrying one problem after another, always leaving his teeth-marks in it, but casting it aside when it threatened to become wearisome.’ Similarly Selby-Bigge says in his introduction to the Enquiries:His pages, especially those of the Treatise, are so full of matter, he says so many things in so many different ways and different connexions, and with so much indifference to what he has said before, that it is very hard to say positively that he taught, or did not teach, this or that particular doctrine. He applies the same principles to such a great variety of subjects that it is not surprising that many verbal, and some real inconsistencies can be found in his statements. He is ambitious rather than shy of saying the same thing in different ways, and at the same time he is often slovenly and indifferent about his words and formulae. This makes it easy to find all philosophies in Hume, or, by setting up one statement against another, none at all.
My Role and its Duties
Authors: Hollis Martin 
Published: November 2010

Recipes for the Good Society used to run, in caricature, something like this:1. Take about 2000 hoM, sap., analyse each into essence and accidents and discard the accidents.2. Place essences in a large casserole, add socialising syrup and stew until conflict disappears.3. Serve with a pinch of salt.
Defining and evaluating the impact of cross-disciplinary conservation research
Authors: EVELY ANNA C. , FAZEY IOAN , LAMBIN XAVIER , LAMBERT EMILY , ALLEN SARAH , PINARD MICHELLE 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYCross-disciplinary research is advocated as a way of improving understanding of the complexity of environmental problems; cross-disciplinary projects, centres and academic institutes have increased. However, there is confusion over the nature of cross-disciplinary research. Through review of papers defining themselves as cross-disciplinary that aim to address conservation problems, and by standardizing the definition of cross-disciplinary research, it is possible to evaluate the potential research impact on peers and practitioners. When papers were reclassified by authors, those reclassified as transdisciplinary were perceived to have a greater impact on practitioners, and those reclassified as non cross-disciplinary had the greatest impact on colleagues. Having clear definitions for types of cross-disciplinary research would help establish a firm foundation, not only for improving research quality, but also for evaluating research impact. While the number of cross-disciplinary studies is increasing, cross-disciplinary research falls short of integrating disciplinary methods in much depth and does not have much impact on participants outside of academia.
Can ecosystem services lead ecology on a transdisciplinary pathway?
Authors: REYERS BELINDA , ROUX DIRK J. , O'FARRELL PATRICK J. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYThe discipline of ecology has evolved through several phases as it has developed and defined itself and its relationship with human society. While it initially had little to do with human concerns, it has become more applied, and is today more integrated with the human element in the way it conceptualizes complex social-ecological systems. As the science has developed, so too have its relationships with other disciplines, as well as people and processes outside the domain of science. However, it is unclear how far ecology has progressed in developing these relationships and where it should best focus its efforts in the future in order to increase its relevance and role in society. The concept of ecosystem services (the benefits people get from nature) has the potential to further this integration and clarify ecology's role and relevance in society, however doubt remains as to whether the concept has helped ecology in developing disciplinary and societal relationships. This review assesses the progress of ecology in relation to a transdisciplinary knowledge hierarchy (empirical, pragmatic, normative and purposive) where all levels of the hierarchy are coordinated on the basis of an overall purpose introduced from the purposive level down. At each of the levels of the knowledge hierarchy, the principles of transdisciplinarity, ecology's progress, the contribution of ecosystem services to this progress and future directions for a transdisciplinary ecology are explored. Ecology has made good progress in developing an interdisciplinary dialogue between the natural and social sciences and sectors. It is well-integrated with empirical and pragmatic disciplines and coordinates research at these two levels. At the normative level, the absence of collaborative frameworks and planning instruments is a major gap limiting the influence that ecology can have on land and resource use decisions at this level. At the purposive level, ecology has limited interactions with a narrow set of values associated with ecological ethics and economics. There is an obvious need for ecology to engage with the purposive disciplines of philosophy, ethics and theology, but also a need for ecological research to transform itself into a social process dealing with values and norms of both society and science. Ecosystem services have helped ecology to make links with many disciplines at the empirical and pragmatic levels, provided a useful concept and framework for interactions at the normative level requiring further examination, and helped make values explicit, allowing ecologists to begin to interact with the purposive level. The Western ecological economic origins of the ecosystem service concept presents a potential constraint to interactions at the purposive level, and must be considered and addressed if ecosystem services are to further the development of a transdisciplinary ecology, the joint ecology-society debate and the formulation and execution of policy.
Retrospective cohort study of an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis caused by a rareCryptosporidium parvumsubgenotype
Authors: GRINBERG A. , POMROY W. E. , SQUIRES R. A. , SCUFFHAM A. , PITA A. , KWAN E. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYThe occurrence of a gastrointestinal illness among a class of 96 undergraduate veterinary students in New Zealand prompted laboratory and questionnaire-based investigations.Cryptosporidium parvumwas the only enteropathogen identified in 4/7 faecal specimens analysed. TheC. parvumisolates carried a rareIIaGP60 allele, indicating a point-source outbreak. The infection source could not be microbiologically traced, but the investigation suggested contact with calves during a practical class as the most likely exposure. A total of 25/80 respondents to a questionnaire were defined as cases using a clinical case definition (31% attack rate). The inferred median incubation period was 5 days (range 0–11 days), and the median illness duration was 5–6 days (range 2–23 days), corroborating previous observations in experimental cryptosporidiosis. Disease was self-limiting, characterized by abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea, and in some cases, vomiting. Originating from a rural area and having had previously handled ruminants were associated with a significant risk reduction in males. All the three students who reported chronic use of steroid inhalers for treatment of asthma were cases. This case highlighted, once again, the potential hazard for explosive outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis.