bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features and outcomes of severe ulcerative keratitis with medical and surgical management in 41 horses (2000–2006)
Authors: Utter M. E. , Davidson E. J. , Wotman K. L. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryThe clinical features and outcomes of equine ulcerative keratitis with and without conjunctival graft surgery were assessed using a retrospective study.Medical records of horses hospitalised from July 2000‐January 2006 for ulcerative keratitis were included if a diagnosis of melting ulcer, descemetocele or iris prolapse was made, or if surgery was recommended due to severity of corneal disease, and aggressive medical therapy using a subpalpebral catheter was instituted. Treatment and outcome variables were evaluated with and without conjunctival graft surgery.Forty‐one horses, 21 that had surgery and 20 for whom surgery was recommended but not performed, were included. Horses were hospitalised for an average of 24 days, with 37/41 melting ulcers, 17/41 descemetoceles and 3/41 iris prolapses, with no statistical difference in frequencies between groups. Bacterial or fungal organisms were cultured from 22/39 cases, with 10Aspergillusspp. and 8Pseudomonasspp. Infectious organisms were seen on corneal cytology in 23/30 cases. Surgical cases were hospitalised for an average of 4.9 days prior to surgery. Abdominal discomfort was observed in 8/41 hospitalised horses, with 5/8 operated horses developing caecal impactions. Thirty‐five horses retained an intact globe, including 18/20 treated medically and 17/21 that had surgery. Hospitalisation cost was 24% more for cases that had surgery than for medical cases.It was concluded that there was no statistical difference in length or cost of hospitalisation between surgical and nonsurgical groups. Outcomes from both groups were similar, with a high frequency of globe retention.
Laparoscopic‐assisted castration of a monorchid male pseudohermaphrodite pony
Authors: Smith L. J. , Perkins J. D. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryA pseudohermaphrodite possesses gonads of one sex, but with external genitalia of the opposite sex. Although cases of male pseudohermaphroditism have been published, there is no report of a monorchid male pseudohermaphrodite. This Case Report documents a 12‐year‐old monorchid male pseudohermaphrodite displaying stallion‐like behaviour, with an elevated serum oestrone sulphate concentration confirming the presence of functional testicular tissue. A complete resolution of all behavioural signs occurred after laparoscopic‐assisted castration under general anaesthesia, along with a drop in serum oestrone sulphate concentrations to <0.01 ng/ml and no response in serum testosterone concentration following administration of hCG.
Standing laparoscopic‐assisted vaginal ovariohysterectomy in a mare
Authors: Gablehouse K. B. , Cary J. , Farnsworth K. , Ragle C. A. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryA 20‐year‐old Arabian mare presented to Washington State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of haemorrhagic vaginal discharge of 3 months' duration. The referring veterinarian had identified a mass within the uterine wall via transrectal ultrasonographic examination. On presentation, the mare had an unremarkable physical examination with the exception of a mild haemorrhagic vaginal discharge. Rectal palpation was performed and an approximately 9 cm diameter mass with a granular texture was identified associated within the uterine body and left uterine horn. Endoscopic examination of the reproductive tract revealed a linear defect in the ventral uterine wall near the cervix with direct communication into the abdomen. Standing laparoscopic‐assisted vaginal ovariohysterectomy (OHE) was performed, which involved laparoscopic facilitated dissection and haemostasis of uterine and ovarian structures, and inversion of the uterus through the cervix. Removal of the uterus was performed vaginally. No post operative complications were noted. Standing laparoscopic‐assisted vaginal OHE is an alternative to traditional OHE techniques. This technique allowed for excellent direct visual observation during dissection and ligation and did not require general anaesthesia.
Borax‐Catalyzed and pH‐Controlled Selective Oxidation of Organic Sulfides by H2O2: An Environmentally Clean Protocol
Authors: Hussain Sahid , Bharadwaj Saitanya K. , Pandey Ravindra , Chaudhuri Mihir K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones was achieved in high yields at room temperature with borax as a recyclable catalyst and H2O2 as the terminal oxidant by varying the pH of the reaction medium. The borax/H2O2 system can chemoselectively oxidize alkyl and aryl sulfides in the presence of oxidation‐prone functional groups such as C=C, –CN, and –OH.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Sequential Hiyama Coupling/Narasaka Acylation Reaction of (E)‐1,2‐Disilylethene: Rapid Assembly of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Motifs
Authors: Thiot Carine , Mioskowski Charles , Wagner Alain 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe synthesis and application of (E)‐1,2‐disilylethene 5 as a central functional building block in a sequential Hiyama coupling/Narasaka acylation reaction are described. Its use in the rapid and versatile construction of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl motifs found in a number of polyunsaturated natural products has been demonstrated. It was observed that due to the differential intrinsic reactivity of the two carbon–silicon bonds, this bis‐metallated lynchpin‐type reagent is activated selectively and sequentially by Pd and Rh catalysis, negating the need for any protecting group. A number of (E)‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones were efficiently synthesized with complete chemoselectively in the presence of a variety of halides and anhydride acids. Conjugated polyunsaturated ketones and diversely α′‐functionalized α,β‐enones, such as chalcones, a heterocyclic dienone and the highly conjugated ethyl (2Z,4E)‐6‐oxo‐6‐(2‐thienyl)hexa‐2,4‐dienoate, were obtained in good overall yields. Thus, this coupling sequence provides a high degree of modularity, that is, a single template is likely to produce a large number of synthetic targets.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Facile Access to Fluorinated Aryl and Vinyl Ethers through Copper‐Catalysed Reaction of Fluoro Alcohols
Authors: Vuluga Daniela , Legros Julien , Crousse Benoit , Bonnet‐Delpon Danièle 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFluorinated alcohols react with aryl and vinyl halides by copper‐catalysed cross‐coupling reactions to afford the corresponding ethers. With trifluoroethanol (TFE) the reaction proceeds with both iodides and bromides and a wide range of aromatic substituents are tolerated. When higher fluorinated homologues such as C7F15CH2OH were used, the corresponding products were obtained in good yields, thus offering an interesting entry to fluorous tagging. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Implementation of semi‐discrete, non‐staggered central schemes in a colocated, polyhedral, finite volume framework, for high‐speed viscous flows
Authors: Greenshields Christopher J. , Weller Henry G. , Gasparini Luca , Reese Jason M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe describe the implementation of a computational fluid dynamics solver for the simulation of high‐speed flows. It comprises a finite volume (FV) discretization using semi‐discrete, non‐staggered central schemes for colocated variables prescribed on a mesh of polyhedral cells that have an arbitrary number of faces. We describe the solver in detail, explaining the choice of variables whose face interpolation is limited, the choice of limiter, and a method for limiting the interpolation of a vector field that is independent of the coordinate system. The solution of momentum and energy transport in the Navier–Stokes equations uses an operator‐splitting approach: first, we solve an explicit predictor equation for the convection of conserved variables, then an implicit corrector equation for the diffusion of primitive variables. Our solver is validated against four sets of data: (1) an analytical solution of the one‐dimensional shock tube case; (2) a numerical solution of two dimensional, transient, supersonic flow over a forward‐facing step; (3) interferogram density measurements of a supersonic jet from a circular nozzle; and (4) pressure and heat transfer measurements in hypersonic flow over a 25∘–55∘ biconic. Our results indicate that the central‐upwind scheme of Kurganov, Noelle and Petrova (SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 2001; 23:707–740) is competitive with the best methods previously published (e.g. piecewise parabolic method, Roe solver with van Leer limiting) and that it is inherently simple and well suited to a colocated, polyhedral FV framework. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metastatic carcinoma in a 14th–19th century skeleton from Constância (Portugal)
Authors: Assis S. , Codinha S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDuring 2002, the extensive archaeological excavations of the ancient Constância necropolis (Centre of Portugal), dated from 14th–19th centuries, resulted in the exhumation of 151 individuals. Among the several paleopathological cases, a middle‐aged female skeleton with osteolytic lesions in her skull, axial skeleton, upper limbs and femurs was observed. These pathological findings are characterised by an asymmetric pattern with osteolytic focus of distinct size and irregular shape. Some skeletal elements display both osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions. The latter exhibit deposition of fine layers of woven bone. Lesions were observed macroscopically and radiology was used as a complementary method of scrutiny, especially in cases of unclear observation. The case was diagnosed as that of a probable metastatic carcinoma due to the multifocal distribution of the lesions in areas of intense haematopoietic activity, their morphology and some osteoblastic responses, as well as the presence of pathological fractures in the ribs. The skeleton's sex and age at death are in agreement with the proposed diagnostic, constituting the first case of malignant carcinoma detected in non‐identified Portuguese human skeletal remains. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatitis B virus: the genotype E puzzle
Authors: Andernach Iris E. , Hübschen Judith M. , Muller Claude P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) is highly endemic throughout sub‐Saharan Africa. One of the two genotypes A and E dominates in most countries. With several subgenotypes and variants, genotype A is more diverse in Africa (4.00%) than in the rest of the world (2.96%), suggesting an African origin and a long history on the continent. Despite the African slave trade, genotype E has only sporadically been found within the Americas, indicating that this genotype was introduced only during the past 200 years into the general African population. A short history for this genotype in Africa is also supported by its conspicuously low genetic diversity (1.75%), which contrasts, however, with its excessively high HBsAg prevalence and its extensive spread throughout the vast West‐African genotype E crescent. We discuss the spread and routes of transmission of genotype E and suggest that the distribution and current high prevalence levels of HBV (genotype E) in Africa are the result of the extensive use of unsafe needles, potentially solving the current African genotype E puzzle and shedding new light on the high HBV prevalence in Africa. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strengthening the ‘social’ in sustainable development: Developing a conceptual framework for social sustainability in a rapid urban growth region in Australia
Authors: Cuthill Michael 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe South East Queensland region in Australia is experiencing rapid urban growth. In response to this growth, regional level planning and reporting frameworks have been developed relating to both hard infrastructure and natural resource management. However, there has been no formal acknowledgement of a similar need for regional responses as regards the social dimensions of sustainable development. This paper describes a two year action research process, involving diverse public, private and community stakeholders, that focused on developing a social sustainability framework in response to this issue. Key components of the framework are discussed, including social capital, social infrastructure, social justice and equity, and engaged governance. Broad implications for policy and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Thoracolumbar burst fracture with complete paraplegia: rationale for second-stage anterior decompression and fusion regarding functional outcome
Authors: Prabhakar Mukund M. , Rao Bhagwat Singh , Patel Lilam 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundAppropriate management of thoracolumbar injury with complete paraplegia remains controversial. Purpose of present study is to study whether advantages are worth the morbidity associated with staged anterior decompression in these patients.Materials and methodsForty patients (90% male) with fracture of T12 (32 cases) and L1 (8 cases) with complete paraplegia underwent transpedicular fixation. Average age of patients was 42 years (range 13–57 years). Most common fracture pattern was type A3.1 (55%). Rational staged anterior decompression was done in 20 cases. One group received transpedicular fixation (n = 20) and another fixation and staged decompression (n = 20). Average follow-up was 2.5 years.ResultsMean functional independence measurement (FIM) score was 98 in fixation group and 112 in decompression group; mean neurological recovery as measured by American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade was 1.3 and 1.75, respectively. Incidence of postoperative complications was 20% and 60%, respectively. Sphincter control did not recover in either group.ConclusionsRehabilitation is better after staged anterior decompression and fusion in burst fracture of thoracolumbar junction with complete paraplegia.
Septic physeal separation of proximal femur in a newborn
Authors: Schiavon Roberto , Borgo Andrea , Micaglio Andrea 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
In newborns physeal separations and septic osteomyelitis or arthritis are unusual, representing a problem in diagnosis and treatment. Therapy needs to be carried out soon in order to prevent anatomical and functional consequences. Association between septic event and physeal separation is rare. We report a 28-day-old female, admitted for elevated temperature, who underwent three nonorthopaedic surgical procedures before, and orthopaedic evaluation 8 days after admission. After an X-ray and an ultrasonography a septic arthritis with consequent hip dislocation was supposed. Only at the time of surgery a separation between the epiphysio-trochanteric nuclei complex and the femoral shaft was observed, with clear hip joint. The interest in this case consists in the difficulty of the differential diagnosis at the first evaluation, the orthopaedic misdiagnosis based on the lack of complete preoperative imaging, and finally the long-term excellent result after a prompt surgical treatment.
Plant Sterol and Policosanol Characterization of Hexane Extracts from Grain Sorghum, Corn and their DDGS
Authors: Leguizamón Carolina , Weller Curtis L. , Schlegel Vicki L. , Carr Timothy P. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPlant sterols (PS) and policosanols (PC) have been attributed with plasma cholesterol‐lowering properties in humans. Hexane extracts from grain sorghum, corn and their distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS), an important co‐product of ethanol production, contain these health promoting compounds, which could be used to develop health promoting dietary products. However, limited information is currently available regarding optimal methods of extraction and their influence on plant sterol or PC levels and compositions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify lipids, particularly PS and PC extracted from grain sorghum and its DDGS using reflux and Soxtec methods. Corn and its DDGS were also extracted to compare lipid yields and PS/PC compositional profiles in these two related cereals. Intact grains were extracted either as whole or ground kernels. Lipid yields from all the corn sources were typically greater than those obtained from grain sorghum. Lipid yields from DDGS were the highest among all the forms of the grains used whereas corn/sorghum DDGS contained the highest levels of PS and PC, respectively. Additional study demonstrated that hydrolysis (acidic and alkaline) of ground sorghum or sorghum DDGS increased the levels of total extractable plant sterols. Overall, the Soxtec method extracted higher amounts of lipids than the reflux method.
Volumetry of human taste buds using laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Just T , Srur E , Stachs O , Pau H W 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective:In vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy is a relatively new, non-invasive method for assessment of oral cavity epithelia. The penetration depth of approximately 200–400 µm allows visualisation of fungiform papillae and their taste buds.Materials and methods:This paper describes the technique of in vivo volumetry of human taste buds. Confocal laser scanning microscopy used a diode laser at 670 nm for illumination. Digital laser scanning confocal microscopy equipment consisted of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph HRTII and the Rostock Cornea Module. Volume scans of fungiform papillae were used for three-dimensional reconstruction of the taste bud.Results:This technique supplied information on taste bud structure and enabled measurement and calculation of taste bud volume. Volumetric data from a 23-year-old man over a nine-day period showed only a small deviation in values. After three to four weeks, phenomenological changes in taste bud structures were found (i.e. a significant increase in volume, followed by disappearance of the taste bud and appearance of a new taste bud).Conclusions:The data obtained indicate the potential application of this non-invasive imaging modality: to evaluate variation of taste bud volume in human fungiform papillae with ageing; to study the effects of chorda tympani nerve transection on taste bud volume; and to demonstrate recovery of taste buds in patients with a severed chorda tympani nerve who show recovery of gustatory sensibility after surgery.
Distant muscular (rectus femoris) metastasis from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kulahci Y , Zor F , Onguru O , Bozkurt M , Duman H 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjective:We report an extremely rare case of distant metastasis to the rectus femoris muscle from a laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Method:We present a case report and a review of the world literature concerning distant skeletal muscle metastasis from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Results:The patient showed no evidence of distant muscular recurrence at follow up after 21 months; however, two years later he died from brain and suprarenal metastases.Conclusion:This report describes the first case of haematogenous distant metastasis to the left rectus femoris muscle from a laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, without evidence of cervical lymph node metastases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported case of muscular distant metastasis without cervical lymph node involvement. Although the prognosis associated with skeletal muscle metastasis is considered to be poor, surgical excision may be indicated for an isolated muscular metastasis.
Rates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia colonization and infection in relation to antibiotic cycling protocols
Authors: PAKYZ A. L. , FARR B. M. 
Published: May 2009

SUMMARYThis study evaluated whether antibiotic cycling programmes using broad-spectrum agents including carbapenems were associated with increased rates of colonization or infection by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Retrospective analyses of colonization or infection by S. maltophilia from 1992 to 2002 were conducted using University of Virginia Hospital clinical microbiology records of patients with any culture positive for S. maltophilia and hospital epidemiology records of nosocomial S. maltophilia infections. Incidence rates were calculated and compared for cycling and non-cycling periods. No significant differences were found in incidence rates of S. maltophilia isolates between cycling and non-cycling periods, but there was a significant secular increase in the hospital-wide rate of infections caused by S. maltophilia (P=0·01728). Antibiotic cycling protocols were not associated with a significantly increased rate of colonization of S. maltophilia as determined by the frequency of patients having at least one positive routine clinical culture in this hospital.
Ten percent organic within 15 years: Policy and program initiatives to advance organic food and farming in Ontario, Canada
Authors: MacRae R. , Martin R.C. , Juhasz M. , Langer J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWith growth in retail sales estimated by industry at 15–25% yr−1, organic food represents the only significant growth sector in Canada's food system. This reality, in combination with mounting evidence that substantial environmental and economic benefits can arise from organic farming adoption, suggests that organic sector development should be a priority for governments. However, organic food remains a marginal component of Canadian agricultural and trade policy. This study was designed to examine the opportunities and costs to the province of Ontario of strategic investment in the expansion of the organic sector. Drawing on existing literature and Ontario land use and production data, the study used an iterative process to identify how the province could reach a target of 10% of Ontario's cropped acres in organic production within 15 years, from the current level of about 1%. We concluded that after 15 years 5343 organic farmers would be producing organically in all major commodities, including 4254 converting farmers entering the organic sector and 600 new entrants to farming. The 489 organic farms reported in 2004 would be included in this total of 5343 because we assume that they all make modest additions over this time period to their existing operations. Organic production would occur on about 367,000 ha of land, and some 1.4 million animals would be reared organically. After 15 years, these farmers would reduce fertilizer applications by about 43 million kg (saving $18.4 million yr−1), pesticide applications by about 296,000 kg active ingredient (saving $9.1 million yr−1), and 7079 kg of growth-promoting antibiotics/medications consumed in animal feed. This 30-point program would require new investments by the provincial government of about $51 million over 15 years. Phase I (first 5 years) costs would total $7.1 million and Phase II (following 10 years) costs $43.9 million. Net program costs would be significantly lower since farmers would have directly saved on inputs and received premium organic prices for most of their goods sold, thereby reducing government costs related to supporting farm finances. Additionally, this program would contribute significantly to reducing the externalized costs of current approaches to agriculture, conservatively estimated at $145 million annually or $2.18 billion over the 15-year life of the program. Not all those costs would be saved within 15 years, but this exceedingly modest investment in organic production, representing only 2.3% of these externalized costs, would generate savings in externalized costs far beyond this one-time investment. Implementation of this plan would allow domestic producers to capture 51% of Ontario's organic consumption, up from the currently low-range estimate of 15%. Organic foods would represent 1.9% of the total food retail market after 5 years and 5.3% of the total market after 15 years.