bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical evidence of senescence in adult damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera)
Authors: Sherratt T. N. , Laird R. A. , Hassall C. , Lowe C. D. , Harvey I. F. , Watts P. C. , Cordero‐Rivera A. , Thompson D. J. 
Published: June 2010

Summary1. Age‐dependent increases in mortality have been documented in a variety of species of insect under laboratory conditions. However, while strong statistical evidence has been presented for senescence in vertebrate populations in the wild, we know little about the rate and shape of senescence in wild populations of insects.2. Odonates (damselflies and dragonflies) provide excellent candidate species for evaluating demographic senescence as they are large enough to be marked individually and they are easily re‐sighted without recapture. The prevailing opinion – based entirely on qualitative examination of the declines in log numbers alive with time since marking – is that odonates exhibit age‐independent daily survivorship.3. Here, we examine mark–recapture data on the Azure DamselflyCoenagrion puellaover two consecutive seasons. For the first time, we evaluate and compare the fit of quantitative models that not only account for weather‐dependent daily variation in daily re‐sighting rates, but also age‐dependent variation in daily survivorship.4. Models with age‐dependent declines in daily survivorship provide a more parsimonious explanation for the data than similar models without these age‐dependent effects. In general, models in which mortality increases in an exponential (Gompertz) fashion explain the mark–recapture sequences more efficiently than a range of alternative models, including those in which mortality increases as a power function (Weibull) or reaches a plateau (logistic). These results are indicative of a general senescent decline in physiological functioning, which is particularly marked after 15 days as a mature adult.5. Weather (temperature, sun and precipitation) and initial mite load influenced the probability of daily re‐sighting. Weather and mite load also influenced daily survivorship, but their effects differed between seasons.6. Overall, fitting models with age as an explicit covariate demonstrates that odonates do indeed senesce. This contradicts previously held assumptions that Odonata do not exhibit age‐dependent survivorship in the wild.
Contrasting responses to water deficits of Nothofagus species from tropical New Guinea and high‐latitude temperate forests: can rainfall regimes constrain latitudinal range?
Authors: Read Jennifer , Hill Robert S. , Hope Geoffrey S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim  Comparative responses of Nothofagus species to water deficits were studied to determine whether rainfall regimes could limit the latitudinal ranges of tropical and temperate forest species.Location  The study species are native to New Guinea, New Caledonia, Australia, New Zealand, Chile and Argentina.Methods  Seedlings of Nothofagus species from a broad latitudinal range were grown in a common environment. Changes in conductance, relative water content and water potential were measured in detached shoots, and together with measurements of tissue injury and biomass allocation, were compared between tropical and temperate species.Results  Differences in responses to water deficits between tropical and temperate species appear to reflect differences in climate regimes. In particular, species native to ever‐wet rainfall regimes in New Guinea, where water deficits are generally likely to be short‐lived, were effective at conserving water by reduced stomatal conductance. In contrast, high‐latitude evergreen species on average showed greater development of traits that should enhance water uptake. This was particularly evident in Nothofagus cunninghamii from southern Australia, which developed low water potentials at moderate levels of tissue water deficit and higher root:leaf biomass than tropical species, potentially allowing carbon assimilation to be maximized during warmer, but drier, summer months. However, water relations varied among high‐latitude species. In particular, deciduous species on average showed higher rates of conductance, even during moderate levels of tissue water deficit, than evergreen species.Main conclusions  The tropical species appear to conserve water during periods of water deficit (relative to temperate species), which is unlikely to have substantial opportunity costs for growth in ever‐wet climates. However, spread of tropical species to higher latitudes may be limited by water conservation strategies that limit carbon gain in climates in which temperature seasonality is often paired with drier summers. Evergreen species from high latitudes, such as N. cunninghamii, commonly showed traits that should increase water uptake. However, this strategy, while probably maximizing growth in temperate climates with cool winters and drier summers, must limit competitiveness at lower latitudes in summer‐wet climates. We conclude that responses to water regimes may make a significant contribution to the latitudinal limits of some evergreen rain forest species.
The costs of guideline‐concordant care and of care according to patients' needs in anxiety and depression
Authors: Prins Marijn , Bosmans Judith , Verhaak Peter , van der Meer Klaas , van Tulder Maurits , van Marwijk Harm , Laurant Miranda , Smolders Mirrian , Penninx Brenda , Bensing Jozien 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim  To describe the direct and indirect costs for people with anxiety and depressive disorders where guidelines are adhered to and patients' perceived needs are fully met.Method  Data were derived from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. At baseline, adult patients were interviewed and they completed questionnaires to measure DSM‐IV diagnoses, socio‐demographic characteristics and perceived need for care. Actual care data were also derived from electronic medical records. Criteria for guideline adherence were based on general practice guidelines, issued by the Dutch College of General Practitioners. Direct and indirect costs were inferred from the Perceived Need for Care Questionnaire administered at baseline, and the Trimbos and iMTA questionnaire on Costs associated with Psychiatric illness administered at 1‐year follow‐up.Results  For 568 patients with a current anxiety or depressive disorder a complete dataset on health care use and absenteeism was available. Guideline adherence was significantly associated with increased care use and corresponding costs, while fully met perceived need was unrelated to costs. Socio‐demographic characteristics, severity of symptoms and guideline adherence all affected the societal costs of patients with fully met perceived needs compared with patients with perceived unmet needs.Conclusion  It appears that guideline‐concordant care for anxiety and depression costs more than non‐concordant care, while care that has fulfilled all of a patient's needs seems not to be more expensive than care that has not met all perceived needs. However, randomized controlled trials should first confirm this conclusion.
Genetic analysis of two phosphodiesterases reveals cyclic diguanylate regulation of virulence factors in Dickeya dadantii
Authors: Yi Xuan , Yamazaki Akihiro , Biddle Eulandria , Zeng Quan , Yang Ching‐Hong 
Published: June 2010

SummaryCyclic diguanylate (c‐di‐GMP) is a second messenger implicated in the regulation of various cellular properties in several bacterial species. However, its function in phytopathogenic bacteria is not yet understood. In this study we investigated a panel of GGDEF/EAL domain proteins which have the potential to regulate c‐di‐GMP levels in the phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii 3937. Two proteins, EcpB (contains GGDEF and EAL domains) and EcpC (contains an EAL domain) were shown to regulate multiple cellular behaviours and virulence gene expression. Deletion of ecpB and/or ecpC enhanced biofilm formation but repressed swimming/swarming motility. In addition, the ecpB and ecpC mutants displayed a significant reduction in pectate lyase production, a virulence factor of this bacterium. Gene expression analysis showed that deletion of ecpB and ecpC significantly reduced expression of the type III secretion system (T3SS) and its virulence effector proteins. Expression of the T3SS genes is regulated by HrpL and possibly RpoN, two alternative sigma factors. In vitro biochemical assays showed that EcpC has phosphodiesterase activity to hydrolyse c‐di‐GMP into linear pGpG. Most of the enterobacterial pathogens encode at least one T3SS, a major virulence factor which functions to subvert host defences. The current study broadens our understanding of the interplay between c‐di‐GMP, RpoN and T3SS and the potential role of c‐di‐GMP in T3SS regulation among a wide range of bacterial pathogens.
Male and Female Meadow Voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, Differ in Their Responses to Heterospecific/Conspecific Over‐Marks
Authors: Vlautin Christian T. , Hobbs Nicholas J. , Ferkin Michael H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractVoles use runways, paths, and trails that may also be used by rabbits and mink. These shared areas could contain the scent marks of conspecifics and heterospecifics. Thus, it is likely that the scent marks of heterospecifics may overlap or be overlapped by those of voles, forming over‐marks. Much is known about how voles respond to over‐marks of two different conspecifics. However, we do not know how they would respond to an opposite‐sex conspecific whose scent marks are in an over‐mark with the scent marks of predator or the scent marks of a non‐predator heterospecifics. We tested the hypothesis that meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, differ in their response to the scent mark of the opposite‐sex conspecific if the scent mark was overlapped by that of a mink, a vole predator, or rabbit, a vole non‐predator. We found that female but not male voles showed a preference for the scent marks of the opposite‐sex conspecifics that were part of the mink‐vole over‐mark when compared to those of opposite‐sex conspecifics that were not part of the over‐mark. This preference by female voles was independent of whether the male vole was the top‐scent donor or bottom‐scent donor of the over‐mark. Male and female voles showed no preference between the scent marks of the opposite‐sex conspecifics whose marks were part of or not part of the rabbit‐vole over‐mark. Sex differences in the manner that meadow voles respond to rabbit‐vole and mink‐vole over‐marks are discussed.
Influence of temporal fluctuations in seed abundance on the foraging behaviour of harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex spp.) in the central Monte desert, Argentina
Authors: POL RODRIGO G. , LOPEZ DE CASENAVE JAVIER , PIRK GABRIELA I. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe simultaneous study of the temporal dynamics of foraging behaviour, diet and seed abundance is essential to assess the way in which resources affect the behaviour and ecology of harvester ants. Here, we evaluate how fluctuations in grass seed abundance during three consecutive growing seasons influenced the foraging behaviour and diet of the harvester ants Pogonomyrmex rastratus, P. mendozanus and P. inermis in the central Monte desert, Argentina. Seed abundance of the most consumed grasses varied greatly through ant activity season, and ants altered their foraging behaviour in response to those changes. Foragers spent more time travelling and searching for food, and their foraging trips took longer during the low seed availability season. Foraging distance was very similar among species and, contrary to our expectations, did not vary between seasons. Foraging success of P. rastratus and P. inermis increased during the high availability season. This matched the seasonal pattern of foraging activity, suggesting that colonies may detect seed abundance and regulate their foraging effort with the rate of forager success. Although grass seeds were the main item in the diet of the three species, P. mendozanus, and to a lesser extent P. rastratus, turned more generalist when grass seeds were scarce. In contrast, P. inermis showed a very narrow diet breadth, only harvesting grass seeds in both seasons. Our results indicate the relevance of seed availability on foraging behaviour of harvester ants, which should be taken into account when predicting and evaluating the effect of ants on seed resources as well as numerical responses of harvester ant populations to the temporal and spatial variations in grass seed abundance.
Nutritional implications for sexual cannibalism in a sexually dimorphic orb web spider
Authors: BLAMIRES SEAN J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractModels predicting mechanisms driving sexual cannibalism in spiders with sexual size dimorphism (SSD) often assume that spiders use post‐copulatory food to channel nutrients into eggs and fecundity is altered through changes in clutch size or egg mass. I tested these assumptions using an orb web spider with extreme SSD,Argiope keyserlingi. I fed mated female spiders prey of either high protein‐low energy or low protein‐high energy composition. I measured egg energy density; a measure of the relative volumes of yolk and albumen. I predicted that ifA. keyserlingiincrease their egg energy density upon feeding on prey of a specific nutrient composition, they could enhance their fecundity by investing in more energy dense eggs. However, if the egg energy densities are dissimilar to their post‐copulatory prey they must be drawing energy from their somatic reserves to invest in eggs. In a further experiment I allowed female spiders to mate with and cannibalize males to determine if cannibalism induces similar effects on egg energy density. Male spider protein energy ratio was measured and found to resemble the high protein‐low energy prey. I found disagreement between the composition of post‐copulatory food and eggs in both experiments. Additionally, spiders fed high protein‐low energy prey lost weight indicating that they draw on their energy reserves to invest in eggs. I thus concluded that spiders that feed on high protein‐low energy prey or on males increase their egg energy density and, possibly, fecundity. However, the nutrient content of the prey or males cannot provide for investment in eggs. The energy invested in eggs is drawn from somatic reserves, probably induced by an as yet undescribed physiological trigger.
Case of prenatally diagnosed non‐mosaic trisomy 20 with minor abnormalities
Authors: Mavromatidis Georgios , Dinas Konstantinos , Delkos Dimitrios , Vosnakis Christos , Mamopoulos Apostolos , Rousso David 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNon‐mosaic trisomy 20 is a rare trisomy and almost all affected fetuses do not survive past the first trimester of the pregnancy. Severe abnormalities are frequently present in these embryos. We report the case of prenatally diagnosed non‐mosaic trisomy 20 with only minor anomalies in the fetus. At external examination of the fetus we detected only low‐set ears and no other abnormalities. Internally, all organs appeared normal macroscopically.
‘A Very Sensible Man’: Imagining Fatherhood in England c.1750–1830
Authors: BAILEY JOANNE 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFathers are at once everywhere and nowhere in the historiography of eighteenth‐century England. They interact with children in family history, bear authority in histories of women, gender and marriage, use the role to demonstrate virility, and the capacity for household mastery and citizenship in the history of masculinity, and are metaphors in political culture. Yet there is little sustained work on what constituted the key attributes of fatherhood before 1830. This article shows that the ideal father in the period c.1750 to 1830 was tenderly affectionate, sensitized and moved by babies; he provided hugs, material support and a protective guiding hand. Engrossed in his offspring to the exclusion of much else apart from his wife and national duties, he offered his children a moral example and instruction and possessed a deep understanding of his children's personalities. The genesis of this imagined fatherhood lay in fundamental eighteenth‐century concerns about social, class, gender and familial relationships, and national strength. His form and the language used to describe him owed much to the combined forces of the culture of sensibility and of general Christian ideals antedating Evangelical revival.
Reversible autism among congenitally blind children? A controlled follow‐up study
Authors: Peter Hobson R. , Lee Anthony 
Published: June 2010

Background:  Atypical forms of autism may yield insights into the development and nature of the syndrome.Methods:  We conducted a follow‐up study of nine congenitally blind and seven sighted children who, eight years earlier, had satisfied formal diagnostic criteria for autism and had been included in groups matched for chronological age and verbal ability. In keeping with the original study, we met with teachers to discuss a DSM‐based checklist of clinical features of autism, and conducted direct observations of the children to complete assessments on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS; Schopler, Reichler, and Renner, 1986) and the Behavior Checklist for Disordered Preschoolers (BCDP; Sherman, Shapiro, & Glassman, 1983).Results:  As predicted, a substantially higher proportion of blind (eight out of nine) than sighted (none out of seven) children now failed to meet formal DSM criteria for autism, and in keeping with BCDP ratings, they had significantly lower CARS scores.Conclusions:  Follow‐up of nine congenitally blind children with autism revealed that, in adolescence, only one still satisfied diagnostic criteria for the syndrome. We consider the implications for theoretical perspectives on the development of autism.
Trajectories of antisocial behaviour towards siblings predict antisocial behaviour towards peers
Authors: Ensor Rosie , Marks Alex , Jacobs Lorna , Hughes Claire 
Published: June 2010

Background: Young siblings’ antisocial behaviour is common yet its impact has received relatively little research attention.Methods:  We examined trajectories of antisocial behaviour for a socially diverse sample (n = 99, 58 boys and 41 girls) who were filmed with their older siblings (52 boys and 47 girls) at ages 3 and 6 and with unfamiliar peers at age 6. Latent growth models were used to analyse three indicators of antisocial behaviour (refusal to share/interact, bullying and harming).Results:  The average trajectory of antisocial behaviour towards siblings was stable and particularly high for boys with brothers and for children of mothers with no educational qualifications. Sustained and escalating antisocial behaviours towards siblings predicted bullying and refusals to share/interact with unfamiliar peers, independent of associations with concurrent antisocial behaviour towards sibling.Conclusions:  These findings highlight the importance of a developmental perspective when examining antisocial behaviour between young siblings.
Recurrence risk of stillbirth in a second pregnancy
Authors: Bhattacharya S , Prescott GJ , Black M , Shetty A 
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: Bhattacharya S, Prescott G, Black M, Shetty A. Recurrence risk of stillbirth in a second pregnancy. BJOG 2010;117:1243–1247.Objective  To examine the risk of recurrence of stillbirth in a second pregnancy.Design  Retrospective cohort study.Setting  Scotland, UK.Population  All women who delivered their first and second pregnancies in Scotland between 1981 and 2005.Methods  All women delivering for the first time between 1981 and 2000 were linked to records of their second pregnancy using routinely collected data from the Scottish Morbidity Returns. Women who had an intrauterine death in their first pregnancy formed the exposed cohort, whereas those who had a live birth formed the unexposed cohort.Main outcome measure  Stillbirth in a second pregnancy.Results  After adjusting for confounding factors, the odds of recurrence of stillbirth in a second pregnancy were found to be 1.94 (99% CI 1.29–2.92) compared with women who had had a live birth in their first pregnancy. Other factors associated with recurrence of stillbirth in a second pregnancy included placental abruption (adjusted OR 1.96; 99% CI 1.60–2.41), preterm delivery (adjusted OR 7.45; 99% CI 5.91–9.39) and low birthweight (adjusted OR 6.69; 99% CI 5.31–8.42). A Bayesian analysis using minimally informative normal priors found the risk of recurrence of stillbirth in a second pregnancy to be 1.59 (99% CI 1.10–2.33).Conclusions  Women who have stillbirth in their first pregnancy have a higher risk of recurrence in their next pregnancy.
Activation of GABA‐B receptors induced by systemic amphetamine abolishes dopamine release in the rat lateral septum
Authors: Sotomayor‐Zárate Ramón , Araya Katherine Angélica , Pereira Paulo , Blanco Elías , Quiroz Gabriel , Pozo Sergio , Carreño Paz , Andrés María Estela , Forray María Inés , Gysling Katia 
Published: June 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)114, 1678–1686.AbstractThe lateral septum is a brain nucleus involved in various mental disorders such as anxiety and drug addiction. In the present study, we investigated whether systemic amphetamine, known to release dopamine (DA) in nucleus accumbens, will also release DA in lateral septum. Our results show that systemic amphetamine administration (2 mg/kg i.p.) induced a significant increase in DA extracellular levels in nucleus accumbens but not in lateral septum. Interestingly, intralateral septum perfusion of amphetamine through the microdialysis probe induced a significant increase in DA extracellular levels. To test if GABAergic neurotransmission in lateral septum was responsible for inhibiting the release of DA when amphetamine was administered systemically, we perfused a GABA‐B selective antagonist (CGP‐52432) intra lateral septum. Systemic amphetamine administration induced a significant increase in lateral septum DA release when CGP‐52432 was concomitantly superfused. Our results indicate that the systemic administration of amphetamine induces an increase in lateral septum GABA release and the consequent activation of GABA‐B receptors counteracting the direct effect of amphetamine on lateral septum DA release.
Ulcerative colitis exacerbates lipopolysaccharide‐induced damage to the nigral dopaminergic system: potential risk factor in Parkinson`s disease
Authors: Villarán Ruth F. , Espinosa‐Oliva Ana M. , Sarmiento Manuel , De Pablos Rocío M. , Argüelles Sandro , Delgado‐Cortés María J. , Sobrino Verónica , Van Rooijen Nico , Venero José L. , Herrera Antonio J. , Cano Josefina , Machado Alberto 
Published: June 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 1687–1700.AbstractPeripheral inflammation could play a role in the origin and development of certain neurodegenerative disorders. To ascertain this possibility, a model of dopaminergic neurodegeneration based on the injection of the inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) within the substantia nigra was assayed in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by the ingestion of dextran sulphate sodium. We found an increase in the levels of inflammatory markers from serum (tumor necrosis factor‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and the acute phase protein C‐reactive protein) and substantia nigra (tumor necrosis factor‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, microglial and astroglial populations) of rats with UC, as well as an alteration of the blood–brain barrier permeability and the loss of dopaminergic neurons. UC reinforced the inflammatory and deleterious effects of LPS. On the contrary, clodronate encapsulated in liposomes (ClodLip), which depletes peripheral macrophages, ameliorated the effect of LPS and UC. Peripheral inflammation might represent a risk factor in the development of Parkinson’s disease.