bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Care Expenditures and Therapeutic Outcomes of a Pharmacist‐Managed Anticoagulation Service versus Usual Medical Care
Authors: Hall Deanne , Buchanan Julianne , Helms Bethany , Eberts Matthew , Mark Scott , Manolis Chronis , Peele Pamela , Docimo Anne 
Published: June 2011

Study Objective. To evaluate the differences in health care expenditures and therapeutic outcomes of patients receiving warfarin therapy management by a pharmacist‐managed anticoagulation service compared with those receiving warfarin management by usual medical care.Design. Retrospective, matched‐cohort study.Data Source. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) and UPMC Health Plan.Patients. Three hundred fifty adults who received warfarin therapy; 175 were managed by the pharmacist‐managed anticoagulation service for at least 2 months between October 1, 2007, and September 30, 2008, (case patients) and 175 received usual care (matched comparison group).Measurements and Main Results. Medical claims data compared were direct anticoagulation cost and overall medical care costs, anticoagulation‐related adverse events, hospitalizations and emergency department visits, frequency of international normalized ratio (INR) testing, and quantity of warfarin refills. Operational costs of the anticoagulation service were also calculated. The INR values and time within therapeutic range were assessed through anticoagulation service reports and laboratory results. The direct anticoagulation care cost was $35,465 versus $111,586 and the overall medical care cost was $754,191 versus $1,480,661 for the anticoagulation service group versus the usual care group. Accounting for operational and drug expenditure costs, the cost savings was $647,024 for the anticoagulation service group. The anticoagulation service group had significantly fewer anticoagulation‐related adverse events (14 vs 41, p<0.0001), hospital admissions (3 vs 14, p<0.00001), and emergency department visits (58 vs 134, p<0.00001). The percentage of INR values in range and the percentage of time the INR values were in range were significantly higher in the anticoagulation service group (67.2% vs 54.6%, p<0.0001, and 73.7% vs 61.3%, p<0.0001, respectively). Compared with the usual care group, the anticoagulation service group had significantly more INR tests performed but demonstrated no significant difference in the quantity of drug refills.Conclusion. After accounting for operational costs, pharmacist‐managed anticoagulation leads to reduced health care expenditure while improving therapeutic outcomes compared with usual medical care.
The Prognostic Impact of Duration of Anemia During Chemotherapy in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Kim Jin Hwi , Lee Joon Mo , Ryu Ki Sung , Lee Yong Seok , Park Yong Gyu , Hur Soo Young , Lee Keun Ho , Lee Sung Ha 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Compare the prognostic factors for hemoglobin level in ovarian cancer patients.Explain the prognostic relationship between the duration of anemia during chemotherapy and survival in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.
This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Objective.
To propose a measure of anemia to be used as a prognostic factor for progression-free survival and overall survival in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer patients.

Patients and Methods.
Seventy-six patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III and stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer who had received at least six courses of platinum- and taxane-based systemic chemotherapy and achieved clinical or pathologic complete response were included. A novel prognostic factor based on the duration of anemia was proposed and the impact of anemia on progression-free and overall survival times was analyzed by a log-rank test and a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results.
We introduce a binary variable, Hb1020, that takes a value of 1 if the duration of a hemoglobin (Hb) level &lt;10 g/dL is ≥20% of the total duration of chemotherapy. We propose Hb1020 as a potential prognostic factor for epithelial ovarian cancer. The 5-year progression-free survival rates were 48.4% in the Hb1020 = 0 group (duration of Hb &lt;10 g/dL &lt;20% of total duration) and 17.7% in the Hb1020 = 1 group (p = .026). The 5-year overall survival rates were 64.6% and 45.0%, respectively (p = .015).

Conclusions.
Hb1020, based on the duration of anemia, is a potential prognostic factor for epithelial ovarian cancer. Using Hb1020, we will be able to administer highly optimized treatment for anemia to improve patient survival. Further independent studies are needed to confirm its prognostic role.
All-cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients with Heart Valve Calcification
Authors: Raggi Paolo , Bellasi Antonio , Gamboa Christopher , Ferramosca Emiliana , Ratti Carlo , Block Geoffrey A. , Muntner Paul 
Published: June 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
Calcification of the mitral and aortic valves is common in dialysis patients (CKD-5D). However, the prognostic significance of valvular calcification (VC) in CKD is not well established.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
144 adult CKD-5D patients underwent bidimensional echocardiography for qualitative assessment of VC and cardiac computed tomography (CT) for quantification of coronary artery calcium (CAC) and VC. The patients were followed for a median of 5.6 years for mortality from all causes.

Results
Overall, 38.2% of patients had mitral VC and 44.4% had aortic VC on echocardiography. Patients with VC were older and less likely to be African American; all other characteristics were similar between groups. The mortality rate of patients with calcification of either valve was higher than for patients without VC. After adjustment for age, gender, race, diabetes mellitus, and history of atherosclerotic disease, only mitral VC remained independently associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 2.91). Patients with calcification of both valves had a two-fold increased risk of death during follow-up compared with patients without VC (HR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.14 to 4.08). A combined CT score of VC and CAC was strongly associated with all-cause mortality during follow-up (HR for highest versus lowest tertile, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.08 to 4.54).

Conclusions
VC is associated with a significantly increased risk for all-cause mortality in CKD-5D patients. These findings support the use of echocardiography for risk stratification in CKD-5D as recently suggested in the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines.
The Effects of Hyaluronic Acid, Calcium Hydroxide, and Dentin Adhesive on Rat Odontoblasts and Fibroblasts
Authors: Bogović Ana , Nižetić Jana , Galić Nada , Želježić Davor , Micek Vedran , Mladinić Marin 
Published: June 2011

The Effects of Hyaluronic Acid, Calcium Hydroxide, and Dentin Adhesive on Rat Odontoblasts and FibroblastsThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects and efficiency of pulp capping preparations based on hyaluronic acid, calcium hydroxide, and dentin adhesive on the pulp tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were killed and extracted teeth sectioned transversely through the pulp. The slices were placed in a RPMI 1640 cell culture medium supplemented with 10 % foetal calf serum. During 14 days of cultivation cultures were treated with preparations that contained hyaluronic acid (Gengigel Prof®), and calcium hydroxide (ApexCal®), or with dentin adhesive (Excite®). Cellularity and viability of fibroblasts and odontoblasts was analysed using a haemocytometer. Hyaluronic acid proved most efficient and the least toxic for direct pulp capping. Even though calcium hydroxide and dentin adhesive demonstrated a higher degree of cytotoxicity, their effects were still acceptable in terms of biocompatibility.
Oxidative and Antioxidative Effects of Desflurane and Sevoflurane on Rat Tissue in Vivo
Authors: Türkan Hülya , Aydin Ahmet , Sayal Ahmet , Eken Ayşe , Akay Cemal , Karahalil Bensu 
Published: June 2011

Oxidative and Antioxidative Effects of Desflurane and Sevoflurane on Rat Tissuein VivoGeneral anaesthetics are often used in patients who are under oxidative stress due to a critical illness or surgical trauma. Some anaesthetics may worsen oxidative stress and some may act as antioxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate liver, brain, kidney, and lung tissue oxidative stress in rats exposed to desflurane and sevoflurane and in unexposed rats. The animals were divided in three groups: control (received only air); sevoflurane (8 %), and desflurane (4 %). After four hours of exposure, we evaluated the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Cu, and Zn. Exposure to either of the anaesthetics significantly increased lung MDA levels compared to control (Mann-Whitney U test; P<0.05), probably because it is the tissue directly exposed to anaesthetic gases. Oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in other tissues varied between the desflurane and sevoflurane groups. Our results suggest that anaesthesiologist should not only be aware of the oxidative or antioxidative potential of anaesthetics they use, but should also base their choices on organs which are the most affected by their oxidative action.
Effects of cyclic loading on the rheological properties of sandstones
Authors: Šancer Jindřich , Štrejbar Martin , Maleňáková Aneta 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
This paper presents some results of the laboratory tests on the time-dependent behaviour of three types of sandstone. Research into the rheological properties of rocks is mostly done under static (quasistatic) loading. In nature, however, rocks are also often subjected to cyclic (vibration) loading as a result of vibrations from traffic or the propagation of seismic waves due to, for example, earthquakes, rock bursts, blasting operations and such like. On this account, the research presented is focused on the study of rheological rock properties during vibration (cyclic) loading.
The tests of the rheological properties of a cyclic load were conducted both in creep regime and in relaxation regime, at various levels of average load or strain and for various parameters of vibration (frequency, amplitude). The measured values of different parameter settings were compared and evaluated so that it was possible to set the dependence of cyclical rock loading in the rheological regime. For the purpose of the comparison of rock behavior during vibration and static loading, other tests were also carried out.
The results of the research show that, in the course of cyclical loading, the rock rheological properties depend, to a significant extent, on the parameters of this loading, especially the amplitude and frequency.
The Species Composition and Seasonal Dynamics of Thrips (Thysanoptera) Populations on Maize (Zea Mays L.) in Southeastern Poland
Authors: Kucharczyk Halina , Bereś Paweł , Dąbrowski Zbigniew 
Published: June 2011

The Species Composition and Seasonal Dynamics of Thrips (Thysanoptera) Populations on Maize (Zea MaysL.) in Southeastern PolandThrips species composition and seasonal abundance was studied on maize crops during two seasons (2006-2007), in southeastern Poland. Altogether 21 species have been identified, among themFrankliniella tenuicornis(Uzel 1895) andHaplothrips aculeatus(Fabricius 1803) which are a graminicolous species and were eudominants, comprising 96.8% in 2006 and 82.0% in 2007 of all collected specimens. Other species occurred only in low numbers. The frequent and numerous presence ofF. tenuicornisspecies in their immature stages in the samples, confirmed the role of the maize plant as the host.H. aculeatusprobably chose maize as a food source and substitute plant for breeding.
Parasitoid Complex of Cabbage Large White Butterfly Pieris Brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) in Urmia with New Records from Iran
Authors: Razmi Mehdi , Karimpour Yones , Safaralizadeh Mohammad , Safavi Seyed 
Published: June 2011

Parasitoid Complex of Cabbage Large White ButterflyPieris Brassicae(L.) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) in Urmia with New Records from IranSurveys for parasitoids attacking larvae and pupae ofPieris brassicae(L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) were conducted in theBrassicaagro-ecosystem in the Urmia region, northwest of Iran, between 2008 and 2009. Parasitized hosts were collected from infested plants placed inBrassicacrops during the growing season (June-October), and from the naturalP. brassicaepopulation on the common weedsCapparis spinosaL. (Capparaceae),Crambe orientalisL. (Brassicaceae) andRaphanus raphanistrumL. (Brassicaceae) during the summer production break (December). Ten species of primary parasitoids -Cotesia glomerata(L.) (Hym., Braconidae),Brachymeria femorataPanzer (Hym.: Chalcididae),Aprostocetus taxiGraham (Hym.: Eulophidae),Agrothereutes adustusGrav.,Blapsidotes vicinusGrav.,Hyposoter clausesBrischke (Hym.: Ichneumonidae),Pteromalus puparum(L.) (Hym.: Pteromalidae) andExorista larvarum(L.),Exorista segregataRondan,Phryxe vulgarisFallén (Dip.: Tachinidae) were identified. The most numerous wereP. puparum(with 49.65% in 2008 and 46.13% in 2009) andC. glomerata(with 43.45% and 45.57% in 2008 and 2009, respectively). The following species:A. adustus, A. taxi, B. vicinus, B. femorata, H. clausesandP. vulgaris, were newly recorded for the Iranian fauna. With the exception ofB. femorataandP. vulgaris, all of the above mentioned species were recorded for the first time as parasitoid onP. brassicaefrom Iran.
Susceptibility Level of the Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say) to Chlorpyrifos and Acetamiprid in Poland and Resistance Mechanisms of the Pest to Chlorpyrifos
Authors: Węgorek Paweł , Zamojska Joanna , Mrówczyński Marek 
Published: June 2011

Susceptibility Level of the Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa DecemlineataSay) to Chlorpyrifos and Acetamiprid in Poland and Resistance Mechanisms of the Pest to ChlorpyrifosNowadays, neonicotinoids play an essential role in the control of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB) in Poland. Taking into consideration that CPB shows some resistance to pyrethroids and the main role of oxidative metabolism in this resistance, research was conducted to estimate CPB susceptibility level to chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid. The results pointed to a lack of CPB resistance to acetamiprid and a weak susceptibility level to chlorpyrifos by the CPB. For this reason, the second part of the experiment was aimed at detecting the resistance mechanisms of the CPB to chlorpyrifos. Results showed that none of the tested enzyme groups (oxidases, esterases and glutathione transferases) are the reason for CPB resistance to chlorpyrifos. The experiments revealed an increase in the beetles survival after adding oxidative enzyme blocker to chlorpyrifos.
Diversification of Farming Systems in Poland in the Years 2006-2009
Authors: Kołodziejczak Anna , Kossowski Tomasz 
Published: June 2011

Diversification of Farming Systems in Poland in the Years 2006-2009
The use of methods based on the Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve in studies of the spatial structure of agriculture offers a great possibility of presenting changes in it and assessing their causes. They provided a basis for a research on changes in the farming systems employed in Polish agriculture over the years 2006-2009. The results confirm there to be a further diversification of this sector of the economy, and even if slower than in the previous years, it shows agriculture to keep adapting to natural and economic conditions.
La stabilité dans l'ouverture comme sublimation
Authors: de Mijolla-Mellor Sophie 
Published: June 2011

À partir de l’événement que constitue pour l’enfant la découverte de la non évidence de sa présence au monde et la recherche de ses origines qui s’ensuit dans les questions posées aux parents, on s’interrogera sur les prolongements sociétaux et politiques impliqués par ces démarches qui engagent pour chacun l’identité non seulement personnelle mais culturelle voire nationale. Au sens où l’on peut parler d’un « choix de la sublimation », diverses possibilités vont se dessiner et s’imposer au sujet tant du fait des circonstances internes qu’externes : rejet, cramponnement identitaire à une communauté restreinte ou élargie, recherche d’une ouverture, voire d’un mouvement. On montrera comment cette dernière position rejoint la dynamique sublimatoire dans son option de poursuivre l’ouverture à la recherche plutôt que l’emprise des racines.
Mélange des genres
Authors: Kahn Laurence 
Published: June 2011

Partant de l’articulation entre « inconscient historique » et narcissisme, l’auteur envisage, à partir des analyses de Nicole Loraux et de Marcel Detienne, le statut du narcissisme dans la construction des communautés humaines. Entre refoulement et dédommagement, l’autochtonie est envisagée sous l’angle freudien d’une population « aborigène » meurtrière.
Exploraciones futuristas del pasado en Azote de Néstor Ponce
Authors: Gaultier Maud 
Published: June 2011

Al situarse resueltamente dentro del ámbito de la ciencia ficción, Néstor Ponce interroga, en Azote, el pasado a la luz de un futuro casi apocalíptico, fruto de años de violencia. Las ciudades de Buenos Aires y La Plata, en que se desarrolla(n) la(s) acción(es) de la novela, llevan los estigmas de una Historia que todavía no terminó de « digerir » el golpe militar de 1976. El tag epónimo de la novelase inscribe en la ciudad, convirtiéndola en un cuerpo vivo y doliente que ya no logra ocultar sus heridas. No se trata sólo de hurgar en la memoria para intentar comprender el presente, sino hacer de la escritura misma un espacio de resistencia, que permita, precisamente, encarar el futuro.
A ficção da nação entre sonhos e pesadelos
Authors: Olivieri-Godet Rita 
Published: June 2011

Na Argentina, como em outros países do continente americano, a figuração literária da alteridade ameríndia se intensifica, a partir da década de 1980, em textos de grande qualidade estética. O romance Una vaca ya pronto serás de Néstor Ponce insere-se nesse contexto literário que corresponde à ampliação do espaço da metaficção historiográfica. Apropriando-se livremente de fatos históricos para explorar o imaginário do contato entre europeus e índios, focado nas relações identidade/alteridade, o romance coloca em cena o enfrentamento dos discursos subjacente à formação da nação. Constrói assim, um relato comovedor, a partir da história da espoliação e do extermínio das populações indígenas que habitavam o território da atual Argentina. Ao fazê-lo, o romance trava um intenso diálogo com os intertextos sociais e literários, explora novas modalidades narrativas, desafiando as fronteiras do gênero e tematizando a experiência da escrita. Nossa leitura interroga a fatura do texto romanesco. Focaliza a maneira como ele encena o processo de construção da nação. Procura mostrar como o romance, através da mise-en-scène do aniquilamento do Outro - os povos indígenas representados enquanto instância da alteridade -, discute o substrato de violência que engendra as formas bárbaras e arbitrárias de exercício do poder tecendo relações entre o passado e o presente histórico.
Overexpression of Ste20-Related Proline/Alanine-Rich Kinase Exacerbates Experimental Colitis in Mice
Authors: Yan Yutao , Laroui Hamed , Ingersoll Sarah A. , Ayyadurai Saravanan , Charania Moiz , Yang Stephen , Dalmasso Guillaume , Obertone Tracy S. , Nguyen Hang , Sitaraman Shanthi V. , Merlin Didier 
Published: June 2011

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease, mainly Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by epithelial barrier disruption and altered immune regulation. Colonic Ste20-like proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) plays a role in intestinal inflammation, but its underlying mechanisms need to be defined. Both SPAK-transfected Caco2-BBE cells and villin-SPAK transgenic (TG) FVB/6 mice exhibited loss of intestinal barrier function. Further studies demonstrated that SPAK significantly increased paracellular intestinal permeability to FITC-dextran. In vivo studies using the mouse models of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid showed that TG FVB/6 mice were more susceptible to DSS and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid treatment than wild-type FVB/6 mice, as demonstrated by clinical and histological characteristics and enzymatic activities. Consistent with this notion, we found that SPAK increased intestinal epithelial permeability, which likely facilitated the production of inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo, aggravated bacterial translocation in TG mice under DSS treatment, and consequently established a context favorable for the triggering of intestinal inflammation cascades. In conclusion, overexpression of SPAK inhibits maintenance of intestinal mucosal innate immune homeostasis, which makes regulation of SPAK important to attenuate pathological responses in inflammatory bowel disease.
IFN-α Confers Resistance of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Nephritis to Therapy in NZB/W F1 Mice
Authors: Liu Zheng , Bethunaickan Ramalingam , Huang Weiqing , Ramanujam Meera , Madaio Michael P. , Davidson Anne 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The critical role of IFN-α in the pathogenesis of human systemic lupus erythematosus has been highlighted in recent years. Exposure of young lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice to IFN-α in vivo leads to an accelerated lupus phenotype that is dependent on T cells and is associated with elevated serum levels of BAFF, IL-6, and TNF-α, increased splenic expression of IL-6 and IL-21, formation of large germinal centers, and the generation of large numbers of short-lived plasma cells that produce IgG2a and IgG3 autoantibodies. In this study, we show that both IgG2a and IgG3 autoantibodies are pathogenic in IFN-α–accelerated lupus, and their production can be dissociated by using low-dose CTLA4-Ig. Only high-dose CTLA4-Ig attenuates both IgG2a and IgG3 autoantibody production and significantly delays death from lupus nephritis. In contrast, BAFF/APRIL blockade has no effect on germinal centers or the production of IgG anti-dsDNA Abs but, if given at the time of IFN-α challenge, delays the progression of lupus by attenuating systemic and renal inflammation. Temporary remission of nephritis induced by combination therapy with cyclophosphamide, anti-CD40L Ab, and CTLA4-Ig is associated with the abrogation of germinal centers and depletion of short-lived plasma cells, but relapse occurs more rapidly than in conventional NZB/W F1 mice. This study demonstrates that IFN-α renders NZB/W F1 relatively resistant to therapeutic intervention and suggests that the IFN signature should be considered when randomizing patients into groups and analyzing the results of human clinical trials in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Cognitive Profile Difference Between Allen Cognitive Levels 4 and 5 in Schizophrenia
Authors: Su Chwen-Yng , Tsai Pei-Chun , Su Wei-Lieh , Tang Tze-Chun , Yi-Jung Tsai Athena 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We compared the pattern of cognitive deficits exhibited by people with schizophrenia at Allen Cognitive Level (ACL) 4 with that of people at Level 5.
METHOD. Participants were classified into two groups on the basis of their ACL Screen scores: ACL 4 (n = 35) and ACL 5 (n = 41). We assessed cognitive functions and psychotic symptoms in all participants.
RESULTS. Multivariate analysis of covariance controlling for gender and negative symptoms revealed that people at ACL 4 performed significantly worse than those at ACL 5 on processing speed, verbal memory, and working memory. The discriminant analysis with all cognitive variables produced a classification accuracy of 78% in differentiation of cognitive levels.
CONCLUSION. We verified the validity of the hierarchy of cognitive disability for ACLs 4 and 5 in people with schizophrenia.