bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of psychodrama on depression among women with chronic mental disorder
Authors: Ebrahimi Belil F. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAt resent 3desaides management of chronic mental disorders at psychiatric health association tobe high attention.Purpose of studyDetermining effect of psychodrama on depression among women with chronic mental disorder.MethodsThis study was a quasi-experimental study that done in RAZI comprehensive psychiatric center. Community of this research consists of chronic mental patients bedridden at RAZI comprehensive psychiatric center that among them 30 women with chronic mental disease possess entrains criterions selected and with randomized permuted blokes’ allocation to two control and intervention groups. Then them depression examined with beck depression inventory (BDI). Then 12sessions hours long of psychodrama, 2ice per week, 6 weeks for intervention group enactment but control group received routine treatments. When the program ended depression of ills reexamined whit study instrument and analyzed with independent T test, paired T test kolmogroph smernophand Leven and covariance analyzes tests.ResultsMain of depression before and after intervention at control group was not significant but at Intervention group was significant (P = 0.000).At two groups after Intervention depression differences revolve significant (P = 0.000).Comparison between main of depression after psychodrama even after modification of age and before intervention depression effect by covariance analyzes at two groups showed significant deferens.ConclusionPsychodrama leads to decrease of depression at intervention group.
Unipolar depression and chronic medical diseases from the genetic perspective
Authors: Enatescu V.R.V. , Enatescu I. , Enatescu V.V. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe well-known huge global burden of unipolar depression is, at least in part, due to the higher prevalence of medical co-morbidities in affected subjects. We purpose to evaluate, in what extent, the increased medical co-morbidity is due to the genetic factors shared, both, by unipolar depression and some of the chronic medical diseases.Material and methodWe performed a longitudinal retrospective research on data records of 248 subjects admitted in our psychiatric clinic during 2001 – 2005. Two control samples were done. First control sample consisted in 44 bipolar patients and the second control sample was represented by 59 persistent delusional subjects admitted in our clinic during the same period.Results and discussionsThe positive family history of chronic medical disease was more consistent in unipolar depressions comparatively with controls, regarding several medical chronic diseases. More exactly, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease and neoplastic diseases were most prevalent among the grade 1 relatives of unipolar depressions comparatively with that existing among the grade 1 relatives of controls. Just in the case of coronary heart disease, the difference has reached statistical significance (depressives - m = 0.443, S.D. = \0.652; bipolars + delusionals - m = 0.252, S.D. = 0.499; t = 2,665, p = 0.008).ConclusionsThe higher prevalence of some of medical diseases among unipolar depressives comparatively with other categories of psychiatric patients could be explained by genetic perspective. For example, according with our research, unipolar depression and coronary heart disease could be viewed as two distinct phenotypes of two genotypes that shares somewhat similar alterations.
Prevalence of depressive disorders in shanghai children aged 8∼12 years
Authors: Fan J. , Gu H.-L. , Yang H.-L. , Wang W.-Y. , Yi J. , Du Y.-S. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigated the prevalence child depression in primary schools.Methods3685 students from Grade 3 to Grade 5 were selected from 7 primary schools of Pudong district in Shanghai by random and cluster sampling. The study design consisted of a screening stage in which the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children(CES-DC) were used, and a clinical interview stage in which the K-SADS-present state version (K-SADS) and DSM-IV were used. The diagnoses of depressive disorder were made according the DSM-IV criteria.ResultsThe prevalence of children depression was 1.60% (95%CI = 1.19%∼2.00%). The prevalence rate of male(2.08%) was significant higher than that of female (1.09%)(X2=5.40, P = 0.02). The rate of depressive disorder increased with age from 0.57% (8 years old) to 2.47% (12 years old). The prevalence of depression was no significant difference between ages from 8 to 12 years old (X2 = 4.49, P = 0.34).ConclusionThe prevalence rate of children depression in Shanghai is low. The prevalence of depression among boys is much higher than that of girls.It shows the prevalence of depression is no significant difference between ages from 8 to 12 years old.
The effect of lavandula angustifolia in the treatment of depression
Authors: Parvin N. , Farzaneh S. , Nikfarjam M. , Shahinfard N. , Asarzadegan N. 
Published: May 2011

Background and aimMedical plants have been used for centuries as a medicinal agent in treatment of depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the lavendula officinalis on depression in patients using citalopram.MethodsThis clinical trial study was performed in Hajar hospital, Shahrekord, Iran. In this study eighty patients randomly allocated into two groups (40 patients in each group). Patients who complained from depression were studied during a two-month double-blind study. In control group, patients were given 20 mg citalopram twice daily plus placebo and case group were treated with 5 g arial part of dried Lavendula officinalis and citaloperam (20 mg, twice per day). After 4 and 8 weeks, patients were followed for evaluations of their depression and complications. Depression severity was scored using standard Hamilton’s depression questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi square and Paired-t test.ResultsAfter 1 month treatment, mean depression score in case and control groups were 15.2 ± 3.6 and 17.5 ± 3.5, respectively (P < 0.05). After 2 months the mean score of depression in case and control groups was 14.8 ± 4 and 16.8 ± 4.6, respectively (P < 0.01). The most common side effects in two groups were confusion and dry mouth, which were not significantly different between two groups.ConclusionLavendula officinalis has a positive effect on depressed patients and may be useful to decrease the severity of depression in patients using other antidepressants.
Family burden in major depression: a multicentric survey in 30 italian mental health centres
Authors: Fiorillo A. , Del Vecchio H.G. , De Rosa C. , Malangone C. , Del Vecchio V. , Giacco D. , Luciano M. , Maj M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionFamily burden, defined as the consequences for those in close contact with a severely disturbed psychiatric patient, is now well-documented in schizophrenia research, whereas very few data are available in affective disorders.AimsTo explore:1)the levels of family burden in a sample of key-relatives of patients with major depression;2)the professional and social support for relatives of patients with major depression disorder.Methods324 patients with major depression and their key-relatives were randomly recruited in 30 Italian mental health centres, randomly selected and stratified by geographical area and population density. Family burden was explored in relation to:a)patient's clinical status and disability;b)relatives’ social and professional support.ResultsReduction of leisure (53% of the sample) and social activities (44%) were the most frequently reported sources of practical burden, whereas psychological burden was mainly due to sense of loss (75%) and worries for the future (61%). Family burden is higher in key-relatives with a lower education level (p < .05), and when patients’ symptomatology and social functioning are more severe. Key-relatives who can rely on a stronger support from social network and from mental health professionals have lower levels of family burden (p < .05).ConclusionThese results highlight the need to provide supportive interventions for patients with major depression and their key-relatives.
Oxidative stress and brain glutamate-mediated excitability in depressed patients
Authors: Salustri C. , Squitti R. , Zappasodi F. , Ventriglia M. , Bevacqua M.G. , Fontana M. , Tecchio F. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSeveral neuropsychiatric pathologies have been recently linked to oxidative stress.ObjectivesIn this study, we investigated the relationship between depression, markers of oxidative stress and neurotransmission, as expressed by sensory cortex excitability.MethodsSerum levels of oxidative stress markers and somatosensory magnetic fields, evokedby external galvanic stimulation, were measured in 13 depressed patients and 13 controls.ResultsDepressives had higher levels of total and free copper than controls and lower levels oftransferrin. They also showed lower sensory cortex excitability, which correlated with copperlevels in controls, but not in patients. Transferrin correlated with sensory cortex excitability inboth patients and controls, although in opposite ways. Copper level results associated with thepatients’ clinical status.ConclusionsPro-oxidant agents appear to affect neuronal excitability and clinical state ofdepressed patients, as free copper excess alters their cortical glutamatergic neurotransmission.
Spatio-visual working memory effectiveness and depression levels after pharmacological therapy with ssri - preliminary study
Authors: Talarowska M. , Florkowski A. , Berent D. , Gałecki P. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionWorking memory dysfunctions are observed in patients with recurrent depressive disorders. These deficits exert negative effects not only on psychological test performance levels but also on the capacity of affected patients to cope with everyday life situations, as well as on decreased remission levels.AimThe goal of the study was to identify possible associations between spatio-visual working memory, evaluated on admission, with the remission degree, assessed after 8-week pharmacotherapy with SSRI in a group of patients with diagnosed depression.Methods141 subjects were examined (patients with depressive disorders, DD: n = 86, healthy subjects, CG: n = 55). Trail Making Test by Reitan (TMT) was used.ResultsCG obtained higher results vs. DD-I patients (the evaluation started on the therapy onset) in TMT A/time (p = 0.09), TMT B/time (p = 0.009). CG demonstrated better results than DD-II patients (following eight weeks of pharmacological treatment) in TMT A (p = 0.11), TMT B (p = 0.85). Compared to DD-I group, DD-II group achieved better results in TMT A (p < 0.001) and TMT B (p < 0.001). The lowest performance levels in TMT A and TMT B may have been related to the highest depression levels after pharmacological treatment.Conclusions1.Depressive disorders are associated with deteriorated efficiency of visual working memory.2.Antidepressant treatment resulted in improved of visual working memory.3.The better performance in TMT on the first day of treatment may have influenced the noted reduction in severity of depressive symptoms after treatment with SSRI.
Weight gain - a side effect of antidepressive treatment
Authors: Gabos Grecu I. , Gabos Grecu M. , Florea M. , Moica T. , Ferencz M. , Gabos Grecu C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionLike all medical therapies, antidepressants have several limitations that clinicians should consider when choosing treatments for their patients. [1] Common long-term side effects of antidepressants are weight gain, sexual dysfunction, sleep disturbances, fatigue, apathy, and cognitive impairment. [2] These side effects will influence the quality of life and will be an important factor in determining the compliance to treatment for these patients. [3]AimIs to present a study on weight gain in patients treated long term with antidepressants.Methods: We made a retrospective study of 422 patients with Major Depressive Disorder hospitalized in First Clinic of Psychiatry Tirgu Mures, between Jan/2009 and June/2009. We built the study after patient data on the following criteria: age, sex, place of origin, educational level, occupation, primary diagnosis, BMI at first admission, BMI at the last hospitalization, the average years of treatment, the average hospitalizations and antidepressant treatment applied.ResultsThe vast majority of hospitalized patients were females (71%) in the age group 40-49. In summarizing this side effect of antidepressant treatment, we can say that weight gain is significant for long-term treatment with tricyclic antidepresives (64.38% of patients), tetra cyclic (50.30% of patients) and NaSSA (40% of patients). We found an increase of BMI of about 13.5% in these patients. For the patients treated with SSRIs, NDRI and SNRI we found that weight gain was present in less than 40% of patients and this had also influenced the compliance and the adherence to treatment of these patients.
Effect of adjunctive aripiprazole in achieving various levels of response and on domains of functioning in MDD: A pooled analysis
Authors: Gismondi R. , Cain Z. , Fabian T. , Rollin L. , Forbes R. , Berman R. , Baker R. , Casey D. , Laubmeier K. , Marler S.V. , Loze J.-Y. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients experience different levels of response and functionality impairments.Objectives/aimsEvaluate levels of response for adjunctive aripiprazole therapy (AA) and effects of AA on patient functioning.MethodsData were pooled from three similar, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with aripiprazole in MDD. Quartile response categories were defined by reduction (%) in MADRS >6 weeks of treatment: Minimal response (≤25%), Partial response (>25% to < 50%), Moderate response (≥50% to < 75%), and Robust response (≥75%). Proportions of placebo (AP) vs. AA patients achieving a response were compared (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test) for each category. Functionality was assessed using mean changes in Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) scores. Changes in scores were compared (ANCOVA) between AA and AP.ResultsAA had more patients (%) compared with AP achieving partial (23.9% vs. 17.9%, p = 0.017), moderate (23.1% vs. 15.0%, p< 0.001), and robust responses (14.3% vs. 7.4%, p< 0.001). AA had less (%) achieving minimal response compared with AP (38.7% vs. 59.6%, p< 0.001). Mean changes are below.[Mean changes in SDS and domain scores]ConclusionsMost inadequate responders who continued on AP were minimal responders (60%). 60% of aripiprazole patients rapidly achieved partial, moderate or robust response status. AA significantly improved social and family life domains of functioning.
Effect of aripiprazole adjunctive to antidepressants on sexual functioning: A subgroup analysis of a 52-week open-label safety study (CN138–164)
Authors: Gismondi R. , Clayton A. , Baker R. , Forbes R. , Marler S.V. , Berman R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThis presentation addresses impacts of adjunctive aripiprazole (AA) in major depressive disorder (MDD).ObjectiveAssess impacts of long-term (≤52 weeks) open-label AA to ADT on efficacy, sexual function and weight change in MDD.MethodsData were analyzed post-hoc from de novo patients enrolled in an open-label safety study of AA after inadequate response to one or more ADT. Three ADT classes were included: SSRIs, SNRIs, and a noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, bupropion.Global well-being with AA was assessed (mean change in CGI-S score from baseline by ADT). Sexual functioning was assessed by Sexual Function Inventory (SFI) items: interest in sex, sexual arousal, achievement of orgasm, erection maintenance and sexual satisfaction. Item 6 captured change in the overall improvement score. Weight change at Week 52 (last observation carried forward) was assessed.ResultsOverall mean change in CGI-S (n = 285) by Week 52 was -1.5. Mean changes in CGI-S from baseline scores (4.2-4.4) were: escitalopram (n=64) -1.5, venlafaxine XL (n = 48) -1.4, sertraline (n = 39) -1.7, fluoxetine (n = 41) -1.3, paroxetine or CR (n = 37) -1.5 and bupropion XL or SR (n = 46) -1.4. Improvements on SFI items (n = 155) ranged from -0.2 (sexual satisfaction) to -0.6 (interest in sex and orgasm). Mean overall improvement score (3.8) indicated mild-to-moderate sexual dysfunction. All AA groups experienced a mean weight increase (range +1.8 kg [sertraline] to +3.3 kg [fluoxetine]).ConclusionsAA moderately improved CGI-S scores (to a similar degree) when added to three different classes of ADTs. Sexual functioning in patients on ADT modestly improved after adding aripiprazole to ADT.
Comparison of the effect of pharmacotherapy and the combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depressive disorder
Authors: Grambal A. , Sigmundova Z. , Hunková M. , Praško J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSome studies showed auxilary effect of psychotherapy in patients suffering from depression treated by psychopharmacology. The aim of our study was to verify the treatment effect of training psychotherapy under the conditions of The Department of Psychiatry in Olomouc.MethodTotal amount of 40 patients, who were hospitalized at The Psychiatric Department during the time period of years 2003–2004 with the diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder-mild, moderate and severe form was included. 20 patients received psychiatric medication only (without any systematic psychotherapeutic support) and 20 remaining patients of the open psychotherapeutic department received combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Psychopharmacological treatment was comparable in both samples as far as quality and quantity is concerned. We used at the psychotherapeutic department group training therapy and individual psychotherapy. Before the treatment was used HAMD and CGI- Seriousness of the disorder, before the end of the hospitalization and the therapy, we used HAMD and CGI/ Global Improvement.ResultsEvaluation of the obtained data showed decrease on the HAMD scale (0,5 points) for the patients treated with the combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in the comparison with the group treated only with pharmacotherapy. This finding was even more obvious on the CGI scale, where the difference of the improvement reached up to 0,3 points again for the combined treatment, but were not significant.ConclusionIn the treatment of the acute phase of Major depressive disorder, we did not prove a positive effect of the training psychotherapy.
The inventory of depressive symptomatology is more sensitive to changes in depressive symptomatology than the hamilton depression rating scale in patients with minor depression
Authors: Helmreich I. , Wagner S. , Mergl R. , Allgaier A.-K. , Hautzinger M. , Henkel V. , Hegerl U. , Tadić A. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundDepression rating scales play a decisive role in the assessment of the severity of depression and the evaluation of the efficacy of antidepressant treatments. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) is regarded as the ‘gold standard’; nevertheless, studies suggest that the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) is more sensitive to detect symptom changes. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the IDS is more sensitive in detecting changes in depression symptoms in patients with mild major, minor or subsyndromal depression (MIND).MethodsBiweekly IDS-C28 and HAMD17 data from 340 patients of a 10-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of sertraline and cognitive-behavioural therapy in patients with MIND were analysed. We investigated sensitivity to change for both scales1)from assessment-to-assessment,2)in relation to depression severity level, and3)in relation to DSM-IV depression criterion symptoms.ResultsThe IDS-C28 was more sensitive in detecting changes in depression symptomatology over the treatment course as well as for different severity levels, especially in patients with a low depression severity. It assesses the DSM-IV criteria more thoroughly, is better able to track the change of cognitive symptoms and to identify residual symptoms.ConclusionsBoth scales are well able to assess depressive symptomatology. However, the IDS-C28 surpasses the HAMD17 in detecting small changes especially in the core symptoms of depression. This is important for an optimal treatment by capturing early improvements, enabling prompt reactions and detecting residual symptoms.
Treatment-resistant depression: From pseudo-resistance to full resistance
Authors: Millet E. , Icick R. , Lépine J.P. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionTreatment-resistant depression (TRD) has been a controversial issue for more than 35 years. Despite a large number of publications, clinicians and researchers still know few about the prevalence of TRD since no staging method has been validated.ObjectivesWe sought to assess similarities and differences between the 4 TRD-staging methods published to date and assess TRD prevalence in a clinical sample. We also wanted to look for clinical factors associated with TRD.MethodsWe conducted a clinical study in a psychiatric unit of a university hospital. We designed a hetero-questionnaire to stage TRD according to the 4 methods. Psychiatric diagnosis, depression severity and cognitive status were assessed using standardized tools. Patients were not included in the study if they suffer from schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, current substance dependence or major cognitive impairment.ResultsWe recruited 37 inpatients. Twenty-four had received an inadequate treatment, four had not responded after one adequate antidepressant trial and 9 after two trials. Only 7 were resistant according to the 4 staging methods, which showed several differences. The Massachussetts General Hospital (MGH) method appeared as the most specific and easy-to-use. Complete TRD seemed much less frequent than pseudo-resistance and relative resistance with untreated comorbidity. Chronic depression and comorbidity were frequent in the TRD subgroup.ConclusionThe concept of “difficult-to-treat” depression might be more appropriate for clinical practice than TRD. The MGH tool seems to fit best to clinical practice. Further research is needed to confirm these descriptive findings in a larger sample.
A study of depression prevalence in nurses and it's effective factors in shiraz namazi hospital
Authors: Nourozi Tabrizi K. , Kavari S.H. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe depression is emblem feeling of indisposition, shortage of energy, perish, and despair, to be useless, disinterestedness and pessimismObjective& aimTo assess prevalence of depression in nurses of Shiraz Namazi Hospital and it's connection with some effective factors.MethodsIn this cross-sectional survey, 130 nurses of Shiraz Namazi Hospital were Investigated by using Beck depression questionnaire. Also necessary data for independent Variables was collected by interview.ResultsDepression rate of mild, moderate and severe types were 73.1%, 21.5% and 5.4%, respectively. Statistically significant association was found between depression and Marital status (P< 0.0001), level of education (P< 0.005), over time’s hours at work (P< 0.02) and parent’s death at childhood (before 11th age) (P< 0.001).ConclusionVarious degrees of depression was found in this cohort and that affected their professional performance.