bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful stenting in ductal disruption favorably impacts treatment outcomes in patients undergoing transmural drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections
Authors: Trevino Jessica M , Tamhane Ashutosh , Varadarajulu Shyam 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The role of pancreatic duct (PD) stenting in patients undergoing endoscopic transmural drainage of peripancreatic fluid collection (PFC) remains unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of PD stenting on treatment success in patients undergoing endoscopic transmural drainage of PFC.Methods:  This is a retrospective follow‐up study of all patients who underwent endoscopic and endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided transmural drainage of PFC during a 5‐year period. Double‐pigtail stents were deployed in all patients; in addition, nasocystic catheters were deployed in those with abscess/necrosis. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram was attempted whenever feasible in all patients, and pancreatic stents were placed when the duct disruption could be bridged. Success was defined as an improvement in symptoms and resolution of PFC upon follow‐up computed tomography at 8 weeks.Results:  Of the 110 patients who underwent PFC drainage, 40 (36%) underwent simultaneous PD stenting. Treatment was successful in 95 of the 110 patients (86%). The PFC types were: pseudocyst (62%), necrosis (20%), and abscess (18%). The median duration of follow up was 9.9 months. Those who underwent PD stenting were significantly more likely to have treatment success than those who did not undergo PD stenting (97.5% vs 80%; risk ratio [RR]crude = 1.48, P = 0.01). In the multivariable analysis, this association remained significant (RRadjusted = 1.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.29, P = 0.036), even after adjusting for the etiology of pancreatitis, type and location of PFC, luminal compression at endoscopy, enteral nutrition, white blood cell count, and number of endoscopic interventions.Conclusions:  Transpapillary PD stenting improves treatment outcomes in patients undergoing endoscopic transmural drainage of PFC.
Diagnostic accuracy of multidetector‐row computed tomography for hilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Sugawara Yasuhiko , Osada Hisato , Okada Takenori , Itoyama Shinji , Komagome Masahiko , Shin Nobuhiro , Cho Narihiro , Ishida Takashi , Ozawa Fumiaki , Hashimoto Daijo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic reliability of multidetector‐row computed tomography (MDCT) for the evaluation of tumor spread in hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods:  Images obtained from a 16‐detector row scanner of 22 patients were interpreted. The diagnostic accuracy of longitudinal ductal spread, vertical invasion (including hepatic parenchyma), and lymph node metastasis was assessed with reference to histopathological findings.Results:  The location of the tumor was correctly diagnosed in 95% of cases (21/22), but in five of these cases, the cut end of the intrahepatic bile duct was positive, resulting in 77% diagnostic accuracy for longitudinal spread. Among the patients with a negative bile duct surgical margin, there was a significant difference in the measurement of tumor spread between MDCT and microscopic investigation (P < 0.001). For vertical invasion, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of MDCT were 69%, 100%, 100%, and 69% for the liver parenchyma, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of MDCT for lymph node metastasis were 50%, 75%, 43%, and 80%, respectively.Conclusions:  The diagnostic accuracy of MDCT for tumor location and vertical invasion was satisfactory, but ductal spread was underestimated in comparison with microscopic measurements.
Investigation of doublecortin and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase‐like‐1‐expressing cells in the mouse stomach
Authors: Zhang Yan , Huang Xinlan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  For lack of a definite stem cell marker, there is limited knowledge of the precise location and fate of stem cells after injury. Doublecortin and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase‐like‐1 (DCAMKL‐1) is a putative intestinal and colon stem cell marker. Our aim was to identify DCAMKL‐1‐expressing cells in the gastric epithelium and to analyze the fate of DCAMKL‐1‐expressing cells during gastric mucosal injury and repair.Methods:  Acidified ethanol was administered to wild‐type mice. DCAMKL‐1 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting.Results:  There were some DCAMKL‐1‐expressing cells in normal mouse stomachs. All the cells were located in the gastric isthmus region. All DCAMKL‐1‐expressing cells were double stained with Dolichos biflorus lectin‐expressing parietal cells and Musashi‐1‐expressing cells. The DCAMKL‐1 antigen expression decreased 12 h after injury and gradually increased to normal 4 d after injury.Conclusion:  Using DCAMKL‐1 as a marker for stomach stem cells, we could describe the expression pattern of stomach stem cells during mucosal injury.
Relationship of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease to colorectal adenomatous polyps
Authors: Hwang Sang Tae , Cho Yong Kyun , Park Jung Ho , Kim Hong Joo , Park Dong Il , Sohn Chong Il , Jeon Woo Kyu , Kim Byung Ik , Won Kyoung Hee , Jin Wook 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance are associated with a higher risk of colon cancer. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is regarded as a manifestation of metabolic syndrome in the liver. This investigation was initiated to determine whether NAFLD has a relationship to colorectal adenomatous polyps.Methods:  We examined the 2917 participants who underwent a routine colonoscopy at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital in 2007. We divided the 2917 subjects into the adenomatous polyp group (n = 556) and the normal group (n = 2361). Anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests for liver and metabolic function, and abdominal ultrasonographs were assessed.Results:  The prevalence of NAFLD was 41.5% in the adenomatous polyp group and 30.2% in the control group. By multiple logistic regression analysis, NAFLD was found to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.60). An increased risk for NAFLD was more evident in patients with a greater number of adenomatous polyps.Conclusion:  NAFLD was associated with colorectal adenomatous polyps. Further studies are needed to confirm whether NAFLD is a predictor for the development of colorectal adenomatous polyps and cancer.
Radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Systematic review of radiobiology and modeling projections indicate reconsideration of its use
Authors: Wigg Alan J , Palumbo Kevin , Wigg David R 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  External beam radiotherapy currently has a limited role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this article was to review available radiobiological data on HCC and normal liver and incorporate these data into radiobiological models that may be used to explain and improve treatment.Methods:  Volume doubling times of HCC were described and used to demonstrate growth of HCC with time, assuming both exponential and logistic growth. Radiosensitivity of HCC was described and used to demonstrate the probability of uncomplicated tumor control as tumor size increases. The relationship between tolerance of liver to irradiation and volume irradiated was examined.Results:  The median volume doubling time for untreated HCC was 130 days. HCC have a long period of subclinical growth. Radiosensitivity of HCC lies within the range of other tumors commonly treated with radiotherapy. When treating small volumes of normal liver, relatively high doses may be used with low risk of late radiation damage. There is a high probability of sterilizing subclinical disease and small HCC with tolerable radiation doses.Conclusion:  New radiobiological data, modeling, emerging clinical data and the advantages offered by standard external beam radiotherapy techniques suggest the need for reconsidering the use of radiotherapy and for new trials.
Hepatitis C virus induces oxidative stress, DNA damage and modulates the DNA repair enzyme NEIL1
Authors: Pal Sampa , Polyak Stephen J , Bano Nazneen , Qiu Wan Chong , Carithers Robert L , Shuhart Margaret , Gretch David R , Das Aditi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐induced chronic inflammation may induce oxidative stress which could compromise the repair of damaged DNA, rendering cells more susceptible to spontaneous or mutagen‐induced alterations, the underlying cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the current study we examined the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from HCV infection and evaluated its effect on the host DNA damage and repair machinery.Methods:  HCV infected human hepatoma cells were analyzed to determine (i) ROS, (ii) 8‐oxoG and (iii) DNA glycosylases NEIL1, NEIL2, OGG1. Liver biopsies were analyzed for NEIL1.Results:  Human hepatoma cells infected with HCV JFH‐1 showed 30–60‐fold increases in ROS levels compared to uninfected cells. Levels of the oxidatively modified guanosine base 8‐oxoguanine (8‐oxoG) were significantly increased sixfold in the HCV‐infected cells. Because DNA glycosylases are the enzymes that remove oxidized nucleotides, their expression in HCV‐infected cells was analyzed. NEIL1 but not OGG1 or NEIL2 gene expression was impaired in HCV‐infected cells. In accordance, we found reduced glycosylase (NEIL1‐specific) activity in HCV‐infected cells. The antioxidant N‐acetyl cystein (NAC) efficiently reversed the NEIL1 repression by inhibiting ROS induction by HCV. NEIL1 expression was also partly restored when virus‐infected cells were treated with interferon (IFN). HCV core and to a lesser extent NS3‐4a and NS5A induced ROS, and downregulated NEIL1 expression. Liver biopsy specimens showed significant impairment of NEIL1 levels in HCV‐infected patients with advanced liver disease compared to patients with no disease.Conclusion:  Collectively, the data indicate that HCV induction of ROS and perturbation of NEIL1 expression may be mechanistically involved in progression of liver disease and suggest that antioxidant and antiviral therapies can reverse these deleterious effects of HCV in part by restoring function of the DNA repair enzyme/s.
Trend of colorectal cancer in Hong Kong: 1983–2006
Authors: Yee Yuk Kei , Gu Qing , Hung Ivan , Tan Victoria PY , Chan Pierre , Hsu Axel , Pang Roberta , Lam Colin SC , Wong Benjamin CY 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The incidence of colorectal cancer (CC) is increasing in many Asian countries, but decreasing in western countries. The present study examined the local incidence of CC in the past few decades.Methods:  A population based study, using data from Hong Kong (HK) Cancer Registry, was carried out to examine the trends of CC in different age groups in HK. Comparison with other countries was made.Results:  The crude rate of CC in HK increased from 29.6/100 000 in 1983 to 57.1/100 000 in 2006. Age standardized rate (ASR) increased by less than 20%. It was markedly smaller than the 190% increase in crude rate. ASR progressively increased in males. In females, ASR peaked in 1994 and declined in the last decade. In most countries, the risk of CC was higher and increasing in males, but stable or decreasing in females. With respect to age, increasing risk was noted in males above 60 years old and females above 70 years old. However, a declining rate was noted in those below 50 years old. The decrease was over 40% in the 30–34 years group over the past two decades.Conclusions:  Increasing incidence of CC in HK was mostly in the older and male population, but not in the younger age group.
Bugs and irritable bowel syndrome: The good, the bad and the ugly
Authors: Ghoshal Uday C , Park Hyojin , Gwee Kok‐Ann 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRecently, there has been strong interest in the therapeutic potential of probiotics for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). At the same time, there is a rapidly growing body of evidence to support an etiological role for gastrointestinal infection and the associated immune activation in the development of post‐infectious IBS. In a more controversial area, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth has been associated with a subset of patients with IBS; the issue of whether it is appropriate to treat a subset of IBS patients with antibiotics and probiotics is currently a matter for debate. Thus, it appears that the gastrointestinal microbial flora may exert beneficial effects for symptoms of IBS under some circumstances, while in other situations gut microbes could give rise to symptoms of IBS. How do we make sense of the apparently diverse roles that ‘bugs’ may play in IBS? To address this question, we have conducted an in‐depth review, attempting where possible to draw lessons from Asian studies.
Effect of biotherapeutics on cyclosporin‐inducedClostridium difficileinfection in mice
Authors: Kaur Sukhminderjit , Vaishnavi Chetana , Ray Pallab , Kochhar Rakesh , Prasad Kaushal Kishor 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim: Immunosuppressive therapy may precipitateClostridium difficileassociated disease (CDAD). We evaluated the role of cyclosporin in the development of CDAD in the experimental mouse model and studied the effect of probiotic and epidermal growth factor (EGF) as biotherapeutics measures.Methods: BALB/c mice (n = 24) were divided into four groups. Group I animals not given any inoculum served as controls. Animals in the remaining three groups (Group II, III and IV) were given cyclosporin daily from days 1–7 followed byC. difficileinoculum on day 8. Additionally, the animals receivedLactobacillus acidophilus(Group III) and EGF (Group IV) for one‐week postC. difficilechallenge. The animals were evaluated for colonization and toxin production byC. difficile, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and histopathological changes.Results: Clostridium difficilewas colonized and elaborated its toxins in animals receiving cyclosporin andC. difficile. MPO activity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) and histopathological epithelial damage, cryptitis and acute inflammatory changes were seen in the cecum and colon.C. difficilecount, toxins A and B titers and MPO activity were significantly lowered (P < 0.05) in animals receiving probiotic and EGF. Histopathologically, mucodepletion and inflammatory infiltrate were decreased in the biotherapeutic receiving animals.Conclusions: Cyclosporin led to the development of mild to moderate CDAD in animals. Administration of biotherapeutics reduced the severity of CDAD. Future clinical trials are needed for further investigation of these potential biotherapeutic measures.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in duodenal ulcer and gastro‐duodenal ulcer diseases in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Tseng‐Shing , Luo Jiing‐Chyuan , Chang Full‐Young 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori‐negative duodenal ulcer (DU) is increasing in Western countries but is rare in Japan. We aimed to examine the prevalence of H. pylori infection and the characteristics in DU and gastro‐duodenal ulcer (GDU) diseases in Taiwan.Study:  All patients with an endoscopic diagnosis of DU or GDU from September 2003 to May 2004 at Taipei Veterans General Hospital were included. Rapid urease test was done for all patients, while urea breath test was carried out on those with negative rapid urease tests. A patient was considered infected if either test was positive.Results:  The prevalence of H. pylori was 88.7% (555/626) in DU and 90.5% (95/105) in GDU patients. There was no difference in sex and prevalence of H. pylori between the two groups but age was higher in the GDU patients (60.1 ± 15.5 vs. 55.4 ± 15.5, P = 0.005). Of H. pylori‐negative DU patients, 28.2% (20/71) reported using non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)/aspirin, which were used by all 10 H. pylori‐negative GDU patients (100%) (P < 0.001). There was no difference in sex and age between H. pylori‐positive and negative DU patients. The prevalence rate of H. pylori in DU was not statistically different among outpatients, inpatients, and physical check‐up subjects (86.8% vs. 93.3% vs. 90.7%, P = 0.163).Conclusion:  The prevalence of H. pylori infection in DU appears to be decreasing in Taiwan. Thus, eradication therapy without confirming the presence of H. pylori in DU patients cannot be recommended. NSAIDs/aspirin is the major risk factor for H. pylori‐negative DU patients, especially those with co‐morbid gastric ulcer.
Long‐term results of balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for gastric fundal varices: Hepatic deterioration links to portosystemic shunt syndrome
Authors: Kumamoto Masafumi , Toyonaga Atsushi , Inoue Hiroto , Miyakoda Kenji , Morita Yukihiko , Emori Keigo , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Oho Kazuhiko , Sata Michio 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  It is well known that a large portosystemic shunt develops during portal hypertension. In this study, we studied the long‐term effects of a large splenorenal shunt (SRS) on liver function and survival.Methods:  The subjects were divided into three groups: an SRS (−) group consisting of cirrhotic patients without SRS; an SRS (+) group consisting of patients with gastric fundal varices and SRS; and a balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B‐RTO) group with a completely obliterated SRS by B‐RTO. We compared the following among these groups: the total bilirubin levels, serum albumin levels, prothrombin times, changes in Child–Pugh scores, and survival rates.Results:  After a 3‐year follow‐up period the Child–Pugh scores showed significant differences among the SRS (+), SRS (−), and B‐RTO groups. The score worsened for the SRS (+) group. The cumulative survival rates were significantly different between the SRS (+) and SRS (−) groups and between the SRS (+) and B‐RTO groups. The vital prognosis worsened for the SRS (+) group.Conclusions:  The presence of a large splenorenal shunt (portosystemic shunt) was indicated to lower liver function and vital prognosis. B‐RTO, which completely obliterates large splenorenal shunts, inhibited the lowering of hepatic functional reserve and the worsening of vital prognosis, indicating a protective role. Liver pathology and the presence of a large portosystemic shunt each separately result in progressive liver dysfunction and worsen the survival rate. We found that such a pathological condition had occurred due to a large portosystemic shunt, and it should be called ‘portosystemic shunt syndrome.’
Ecabet sodium promotes the healing of trinitrobenzene‐sulfonic‐acid‐induced ulceration by enhanced restitution of intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Takagi Tomohisa , Naito Yuji , Okuda Toshimitsu , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Adachi Satoko , Mizushima Katsura , Handa Osamu , Kokura Satoshi , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Yoshikawa Toshikazu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Ecabet sodium (ES) is a gastric mucosal protective and ulcer‐healing agent. Recently enema therapy with ES was found to be effective for the treatment of human ulcerative colitis as well as experimental colitis in an animal model. Whereas ES possesses potential as a novel treatment for ulcerative colitis, its precise mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of ES in an experimental rat model of colitis, and evaluated the restitution of intestinal epithelial cells treated with ES in vitro.Methods:  Acute colitis was induced with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in male Wistar rats. Rats received intrarectal treatment with ES daily starting on day 7 and were sacrificed on day 14 after the administration of TNBS. The distal colon was removed to evaluate various parameters of inflammation. Moreover, wound‐healing assays were used to determine the enhanced restitution of rat intestinal epithelial (RIE) cells treated with ES.Results:  Intracolonic administration of ES accelerated TNBS‐induced ulcer healing. Increases in the wet weight of the colon after TNBS administration were significantly inhibited by ES treatment. The wound assay revealed ES enhancement of the migration of RIE cells migration through the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase.Conclusion:  Daily administration of an ES enema promoted the healing of intestinal mucosal injury, in part by the enhanced restitution of intestinal epithelial cells via extracellular signal‐regulated kinase activation. ES may thus represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Electromagnetic thermoablation to treat thrombocytopenia in cirrhotic and hypersplenic rats
Authors: Zuchini Roberto , Huang Chih‐Hao , Tsai Hung‐Wen , Huang Sheng‐Chieh , Lin Chuan‐Pin , Chen Chiung‐Yu , Lee Gwo‐Bin , Lin Xi‐Zhang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Thrombocytopenia due to hypersplenism is usually a serious condition in cirrhotic patients who have undergone invasive procedures. We designed a new treatment method using a high‐frequency alternating electromagnetic force to treat the disease condition in a rat model.Methods:  Sprague–Dawley rats were given thioacetamide in drinking water and injected with methylcellulose intraperitoneally to create a cirrhotic hypersplenism model. Spleen volume was determined using the Carlson method. The Control Group consisted of 14 rats, 15 weeks old, that were used to determine the normal platelet count and normal spleen size. Experimental Group I, consisting of 15 rats, received electromagnetic thermoablation of their spleens, after which the spleen was returned to the abdomen. Group II consisted of 13 rats, receiving the same electromagnetic thermoablation as Group I, but the ablated portion was removed. Group III consisted of 14 rats receiving total splenectomies.Results:  Cirrhotic hypersplenism was confirmed during laparotomy and pathological examination. Spleen volume enlarged from 1513 ± 375 mm3 (Control Group) to 7943 ± 2822 mm3 (experimental groups). Platelet counts increased from 0.35 ± 0.21 × 106/mm3 to 0.87 ± 0.24 × 106/mm3 for Group I, from 0.52 ± 0.23 × 106/mm3 to 1.10 ± 0.20 × 106/mm3 for Group II, and from 0.47 ± 0.23 × 106/mm3 to 1.18 ± 0.26 × 106/mm3 for Group III. No rats died due to the treatment in any of the experimental groups.Conclusions:  Our animal model performed successfully and our proposed electromagnetic thermotherapy effectively treated thrombocytopenia due to cirrhotic hypersplenism.