bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperative and synergistic solvent effects in SET‐LRP of MA
Authors: Jiang Xuan , Fleischmann Sven , Nguyen Nga H. , Rosen Brad M. , Percec Virgil 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSET‐LRP requires a combination of ligand and solvent that mediates the disproportionation of Cu(I)X into Cu(0) activator, and Cu(II) deactivator. The solvent also modulates the kinetics of the reaction. More polar solvents, including mixtures of water and organic solvents enhance the rate of polymerization in accord with the Dimroth‐Reichardt parameter. Here, it is demonstrated that a similar effect is observed in binary mixtures of organic solvents, wherein the addition of a more polar solvent to a less polar solvent provides a linear increase in the apparent rate constant of propagation, k. However, this linear relationship does not hold for the entire range of volume fraction for binary mixtures when ethylene carbonate (EC) or MeOH are one of the two components. Results herein, suggest that the kinetics of SET‐LRP in these solvent mixtures is cooperatively and synergistically determined by polarity, degree of disproportionation, and also by another parameter related to the ability of the solvent to stabilize colloidal Cu(0) and determine its particle size. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 5591–5605, 2009
The link between nanoscale feature development in a negative resist and the Hansen solubility sphere
Authors: Olynick Deirdre L. , Ashby Paul D. , Lewis Mark D. , Jen Timothy , Lu Haoren , Liddle J. Alexander , Chao Weilun 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBy systematically studying development of a high resolution, negative electron beam resist, hexa‐methyl acetoxy calix(6)arene, we have elicited a more general understanding of the underlying development mechanisms for negative resists. Using the three dimensional Hansen solubility parameters for more than 40 solvents, we have constructed a Hansen solubility sphere (HSS). From this sphere, we have estimated the Flory Huggins interaction parameter for solvents with hexa‐methyl acetoxy calix(6)arene and found a correlation between resist development contrast, nanoscale patterned feature quality, and the polymer‐solvent solubility. Conducting Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in a liquid cell, we have measured swelling for hexa‐methyl acetoxy calix(6)arene in four solvents. The swelling measurements indicate that the HSS gives an indication of the Flory‐Huggins interaction parameter. These measurements provide new insights into the development behavior of nanoscale features – necessary for obtaining the ultimate lithographic resolution. In addition, it demonstrates a methodology for choosing appropriate polymer‐solvent combinations for nanoscience applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 2091–2105, 2009
Quality of life of patients with ovarian cancer in Taiwan: validation and application of the Taiwan Chinese version of the EORTC QLQ‐OV28
Authors: Chie Wei‐Chu , Lan Chia‐Ying , Chiang Chieh , Chen Chi‐An 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Taiwan Chinese Version of the EORTC QLQ‐OV28.Methods: The authors translated the questionnaire according to the guideline of the EORTC. A total of 96 patients with ovarian cancer in National Taiwan University Hospital were interviewed with the questionnaire and the EORTC QLQ‐C30 between September 2004 and September 2007. Answer distribution and psychometric properties of the EORTC QLQ‐OV28 were examined.Results: The mean age of the patients was 54 (standard deviation 12 years). Most of the patients were in FIGO stages III or IV. Two thirds were on‐treatment (chemotherapy). Items for gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, menopausal symptoms, and sexuality showed more flooring effects than others. Missing values were frequent in further questions about sexual activity. After excluding conditional questions, the Cronbach's alpha coefficients of most scales were satisfactory (0.74–0.89), except other chemotherapy side effects (0.63) and menopausal symptoms (0.39). The item‐to‐own and item‐to‐other scales correlation showed satisfactory results. Patients who were on‐treatment had significantly poorer quality of life (QoL) scores in most symptom scales.Conclusions: The EORTC QLQ‐OV28 is a valid instrument to assess QoL issues of patients with ovarian cancer in Taiwan, a country of a different culture. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validity, reliability and clinical feasibility of a Needs Assessment Tool for people with progressive cancer
Authors: Waller Amy , Girgis Afaf , Lecathelinais Christophe , Scott Wendy , Foot Lorna , Sibbritt David , Currow David ,   on behalf of the Palliative Care Research Program team
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground: Needs assessment is a valuable approach for determining the way health and social services allocate resources to people with cancer and their caregivers.Aim: To assess the reliability, validity and acceptability of a Needs Assessment Tool (NAT) in a palliative care clinical setting.Methods: Psychometric properties of the NAT were initially explored in a pilot study involving filmed simulated advanced cancer patient and caregiver consultations. Further testing was undertaken in a clinical setting to determine the inter‐rater reliability, validity and feasibility of the NAT.Results: The results of the pilot study suggested good reliability and acceptability in a simulated setting. Further testing indicated that the patient daily living item was positively correlated with the Resource Utilisation Groups—Activities of Daily Living (r=0.74) and negatively correlated with the Australian Karnofsky Performance Scale (r=−0.84). Prevalence‐ and bias‐adjusted kappa values also indicated adequate agreement between Palliative Care Problem Severity Score items and the patient physical item (0.48), psychological item (0.45) and caregiver well‐being item (0.42).Conclusions: Needs assessment not only facilitates the identification of people who have specific concerns or are dissatisfied with some aspect of their care, but also determines the person's desire for assistance and involvement with services. The NAT is a highly acceptable and efficient tool that can be used by health professionals with a range of clinical expertise to identify individuals' needs, thereby enabling a better match of interventions of specialist services more closely linked to needs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of sol–gel derived glass coated Eu complex using deuterated methanol
Authors: Fukuda Takeshi , Yamauchi Shuhei , Honda Zentaro , Kamata Norihiko , Kijima Naoto 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA high‐stability Eu complex has been achieved by coating with a silica glass via a low temperature sol–gel process using deuterated methanol. A three‐dimensional glass network protects the Eu complex from free oxygen and/or water to change the ligand structure. In addition, the chemical bond of the deuterated Eu complex is more stable than that of the conventional Eu complex. Therefore, we achieved a high‐thermal‐stability Eu complex encapsulated by a sol–gel derived silica glass using deuterated methanol instead of ethanol.magnified image(© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Addressing soil gas vapor intrusion using sustainable building solutions
Authors: Moyer Ellen , Lowe John , MacPhaul David , Etter Christy , Lund Loren 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSoil gas vapor intrusion (VI) emerged in the 1990s as one of the most important problems in the investigation and cleanup of thousands of sites across the United States. A common practice for sites where VI has been determined to be a significant pathway is to implement interim building engineering controls to mitigate exposure of building occupants to VI while the source of contamination in underlying soil and groundwater is assessed and remediated. Engineering controls may include passive barriers, passive or active venting, subslab depressurization, building pressurization, and sealing the building envelope. Another recent trend is the emphasis on “green” building practices, which coincidentally incorporate some of these same engineering controls, as well as other measures such as increased ventilation and building commissioning for energy conservation and indoor air quality. These green building practices can also be used as components of VI solutions. This article evaluates the sustainability of engineering controls in solving VI problems, both in terms of long‐term effectiveness and “green” attributes. Long‐term effectiveness is inferred from extensive experience using similar engineering controls to mitigate intrusion of radon, moisture, mold, and methane into structures. Studies are needed to confirm that engineering controls to prevent VI can have similar long‐term effectiveness. This article demonstrates that using engineering controls to prevent VI is “green” in accelerating redevelopment of contaminated sites, improving indoor air quality, and minimizing material use, energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and waste generation. It is anticipated that engineering controls can be used successfully as sustainable solutions to VI problems at some sites, such as those deemed technically impracticable to clean up, where remediation of underlying soil or groundwater contamination will not be completed in the foreseeable future. Furthermore, green buildings to be developed in areas of potential soil or groundwater contamination may be designed to incorporate engineering controls to prevent VI. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Remediation of chlorinated ethenes, ethanes, and methanes in groundwater using carbon‐ and iron‐based electron donor
Authors: Shetty Nanjun , Zenker Matthew , McKeon Joseph , Moreno Joanna 
Published: September 2009

AbstractField‐scale pilot tests were performed to evaluate enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) of dissolved chlorinated solvents at a former manufacturing facility located in western North Carolina (the site). Results of the site assessment indicated the presence of two separate chlorinated solvent–contaminated groundwater plumes, located in the northern and southern portions of the site. The key chlorinated solvents found at the site include 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane, trichloroethene, and chloroform. A special form of EHC® manufactured by Adventus Americas was used as an electron donor at this site. In this case, EHC is a pH‐buffering electron donor containing controlled release carbon and ZV Iron MicroSphere 200, a micronscale zero‐valent iron (ZVI) manufactured by BASF. Approximately 3,000 pounds of EHC were injected in two Geoprobe® boreholes in the saprolite zone (southern plume), and 3,500 pounds of EHC were injected at two locations in the partially weathered rock (PWR) zone (northern plume) using hydraulic fracturing techniques. Strong reducing conditions were established immediately after the EHC injection in nearby monitoring wells likely due to the reducing effects of ZV Microsphere 200. After approximately 26 months, the key chlorinated VOCs were reduced over 98 percent in one PWR well. Similarly, the key chlorinated solvent concentrations in the saprolite monitoring wells decreased 86 to 99 percent after initial increases in concentrations of the parent chlorinated solvents. The total organic carbon and metabolic acid concentrations indicated that the electron donor lasted over 26 months after injection in the saprolite aquifer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An evaluation of the performance of multiple passive diffusion devices for indoor air sampling of VOCs
Authors: Odencrantz Joseph E. , Thornley Steven C. , O'Neill Harry 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe United States Environmental Protection Agency is considering recommending longer‐term sampling to achieve more accurate time‐weighted‐average detections for indoor air monitoring of volatile organic chemicals. The purpose of the research presented herein was to compare longer sampling times using passive diffusion samplers to the results from shorter‐term testing periods using sorbent tubes and low‐flow pumps (US EPA Method TO‐17) at great frequency for trichloroethene (TCE) in indoor air. A controlled release of TCE in a large room allowed for over two‐orders‐of‐magnitude daily concentration variability over the course of the two‐week monitoring event. The daily concentration measurements by US EPA Method TO‐17 and the passive diffusion samplers were performed in triplicate and had excellent reproducibility. The results of daily tests were averaged and compared with four passive diffusion devices exposed to indoor air for three, seven, ten, and fourteen days in accordance with ASTM D6196‐02. A specific uptake rate for each of the passive devices at the four different time intervals and the statistical significance of the time‐varying uptake rates were evaluated. The performance of each passive diffusion device was determined using a statistical performance criterion. The average concentration for all of the exposure periods could be reliably predicted using the established uptake rates for two of the four passive devices. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
View planning and automated data acquisition for three‐dimensional modeling of complex sites
Authors: Blaer Paul S. , Allen Peter K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractConstructing highly detailed three‐dimensional (3‐D) models of large complex sites using range scanners can be a time‐consuming manual process. One of the main drawbacks is determining where to place the scanner to obtain complete coverage of a site. We have developed a system for automatic view planning called VuePlan. When combined with our mobile robot, AVENUE, we have a system that is capable of modeling large‐scale environments with minimal human intervention throughout both the planning and acquisition phases. The system proceeds in two distinct stages. In the initial phase, the system is given a two‐dimensional site footprint with which it plans a minimal set of sufficient and properly constrained covering views. We then use a 3‐D laser scanner to take scans at each of these views. When this planning system is combined with our mobile robot it automatically computes and executes a tour of these viewing locations and acquires them with the robot's onboard laser scanner. These initial scans serve as an approximate 3‐D model of the site. The planning software then enters a second phase in which it updates this model by using a voxel‐based occupancy procedure to plan the next best view (NBV). This NBV is acquired, and further NBVs are sequentially computed and acquired until an accurate and complete 3‐D model is obtained. A simulator tool that we developed has allowed us to test our entire view planning algorithm on simulated sites. We have also successfully used our two‐phase system to construct precise 3‐D models of real‐world sites located in New York City: Uris Hall on the campus of Columbia University and Fort Jay on Governors Island. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parameters determining water temperature of a proglacial stream: The Phelan Creek and the Gulkana Glacier, Alaska
Authors: Chikita Kazuhisa A. , Kaminaga Ryo , Kudo Isao , Wada Tomoyuki , Kim Yongwon 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe heat budget of a proglacial stream, Phelan Creek, from the Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, is estimated by using the hourly time series of stream water temperature, discharge and meteorology obtained in the summer of 2006. As an analytical result, the net shortwave radiation and bed friction occupied 32.1 and 38.2% of the total thermal input to the stream, respectively. The time series of the water temperature were simulated by a deterministic model with the coupling of the heat budget and the thermal advective diffusion equation. The simulated result is agreeable to the observed one with the Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency (NASH) of 0.747 and the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of 0.236°C over the observation period. However, under condition that the rainfall of more than 1 mm h−1 occurs continually for more than a day, the simulation was less reasonable with NASH = 0.225 and RMSE = 0.226°C. This is probably because the relatively warm subsurface flow input to the stream channel from the non‐glacial area. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applications of the ‘CATGIXRF’ computer program to the grazing incidence X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray reflectivity characterization of thin films and surfaces
Authors: Tiwari M. K. , Lodha G. S. , Sawhney K. J. S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractGrazing incidence x‐ray fluorescence (GIXRF) analysis technique has the potential of being one of the most powerful and versatile methods for characterization of layered materials, as it combines features of both x‐ray reflectivity (XRR) and x‐ray fluorescence techniques. GIXRF technique allows non‐destructive evaluation of layer thickness, interface roughness, interlayer formation and depth profiling for an impurity element inside a layer medium or in the substrates. A computer program ‘CATGIXRF’, has been developed for GIXRF characterization of thin film and surfaces. Methodology of the program and its various features has been discussed in detail. The program offers analysis of GIXRF and XRR data simultaneously. The utility of the program has been demonstrated by example calculations and by providing a few examples of XRR and GIXRF characterization of a variety of thin‐layered materials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction to Special Issue on Social Ecological Approaches to Community Health Research and Action
Authors: Lounsbury David William , Mitchell Shannon Gwin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe have the potential to make new, substantive contributions to resolving our most pressing community health problems. However, to do so we must adopt a philosophy of science that is directed towards understanding the dynamic complexity and full contextual reality surrounding these issues. A social ecological approach to science is ideally suited to this challenge. This framework is systems‐oriented and defines research problems in terms of structures and processes, generating research outcomes that give insight into the dynamic interaction of individuals with their environment across time and space. Though community psychology is built upon social ecological principles, researchers from other disciplines have also noted its utility and implemented interventions based on this framework. In our introductory article to this special issue on social ecological approaches to community health research and action, we present a brief review of the theoretical foundations of the social ecological approach, present highlights from our selected manuscripts, and conclude with some reflections about the need to build further capacity to conduct effective social ecological research to foster community health and well‐being.
Self‐regulation of consumer decision making and behavior: The role of implementation intentions
Authors: Gollwitzer Peter M. , Sheeran Paschal 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPeople may use the self‐regulatory strategy of forming implementation intentions (i.e., if‐then plans) to make better consumer decisions and facilitate the translation of those decisions into action. First, research on the mechanisms and effects of implementation intentions is reviewed. Second, we discuss how implementation intentions can be used to improve consumer decision making by promoting attention control and information elaboration, and overcoming disruptive influences. Third, we consider the various problems that militate against the enactment of one's decisions, and evidence is presented to show that implementation intentions are still effective even when goal attainment does not seem to be amenable to self‐regulation. Finally, potential moderators of implementation intention effects are discussed.
Multiplicity of solutions of Dirichlet problems associated with second-order equations in ℝ2
Authors: Dalbono F. , Rebelo C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe study the existence of multiple solutions for a two-point boundary-value problem associated with a planar system of second-order ordinary differential equations by using a shooting technique. We consider asymptotically linear nonlinearities satisfying suitable sign conditions. Multiplicity is ensured by assumptions involving the Morse indices of the linearizations at zero and at infinity.
Particulate gravity currents along V-shaped valleys – ERRATUM
Authors: MONAGHAN JOE J. , MÉRIAUX CATHERINE , HUPPERT HERBERT E. , MANSOUR JOHN 
Published: September 2009

In the published article Monaghan et al. (2009) one of the authors' names was misspelled and should have read Catherine Mériaux.The Press apologises to Dr Mériaux, her coauthors and the readers for this error.
Telephone-Administered Cognitive Tests as Tools for the Identification of Eligible Study Participants for Population-Based Research in Aging
Authors: Wolfson Christina , Kirkland Susan A. , Raina Parminder S. , Uniat Jennifer , Roberts Karen , Bergman Howard , Furlini Linda , Pelletier Amélie , Strople Geoff , Angus Camille L. , Keshavarz Homa , Szala-Meneok Karen 
Published: September 2009

RÉSUMÉLors du processus de recrutement, l’Étude longitudinale canadienne sur le vieillissement (ÉLCV) fera face au défi d’identifier les individus qui ne possèdent pas suffisamment de compétences pour donner un consentement éclairé. Pendant le processus d’élaboration de l’ÉLCV, une revue de la littérature a été faite dans le but d’identifier les outils téléphoniques existants qui permettent le dépistage des déficits cognitifs et qui pourraient être utilisés pour identifier les participants éligibles pour une étude sur le vieillissement fondée sur la population. Nous avons identifié 12 outils téléphonique, quatre étaient basés sur l’examen de l’état mini-mental (MMSE) et huit étaient basés sur d’autres tests de dépistage de l’état cognitif administrés en personne. Les caractéristiques, incluant les items mesurés, le temps requis pour l’administration, le mode de pointage-classification, de même que toutes informations concernant la validation de chaque outil, ont été extraites et résumées.
THOMAS D'AQUIN LECTEUR CRITIQUE DU GRAND COMMENTAIRE D'AVERROÈS À PHYS. I, 1
Authors: CERAMI CRISTINA 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe present article aims to provide a reconstruction of the interpretation offered by Thomas Aquinas of the cognitive process described at the beginning of Aristotle's Physics and of his criticism of Averroes' interpretation. It expounds to this end the exegesis of ancient Greek commentators who opened the debate on this question; then, it puts forward a reconstruction of Aquinas' doctrine by means of other texts of his corpus, as well as an explanation of his criticism of Averroes' exegesis; it finally reconstructs Averroes' interpretation worked out in his Great Commentary to Phys. I, 1, in order to show that Aquinas' disapproval is partly due to an incorrect interpretation of Averroes' divisio textus of Phys. I, 1. It suggests as well that, concerning some fundamental points, Aquinas' exegesis doesn't diverge from the interpretation proposed by Averroes.