bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Investigation of Private Label Supply by National Label Producers
Authors: Chen Jack (Xinlei) , Narasimhan Om , John George , Dhar Tirtha 
Published: April 2010

Private labels (PLs) are ubiquitous in several categories, including groceries, apparel, and appliances. However, existing empirical work has not examined the differential impact of various upstream supply arrangements for PL products or the strategic motives for PL supply. To do so requires one to model the interaction between private and national label (NL) products both upstream and downstream while accounting for strategic behavior on the part of manufacturers and retailers and retaining essential differences between NL and PL products. We build a model that satisfies these requirements and lets us answer our two research questions: First, can an NL firm profit from being an outsourced PL supplier? Second, what are the upstream and downstream impacts of different PL supply arrangements?We answer these questions by modeling private labels as homogenous products at wholesale, but as differentiated products at retail. In contrast, national label products are differentiated at both wholesale and retail levels. Using structural model estimates for fluid milk in a major metropolitan area, we conduct three counterfactual experiments. We find that both NL producers and retailers profit from adding private labels. We also find that a vertically integrated supply of PL leads to lower prices for end consumers.
History of Forced Sex and Recent Sexual Risk Indicators Among Young Adult Males
Authors: Smith Laureen H. , Ford Jodi 
Published: April 2010

CONTEXT: It is unclear whether young adult men who have ever been forced to have sex are at increased risk for sexual risk‐taking, and whether their risk differs according to the gender of the perpetrator.
METHODS: Data from 1,400 males aged 18–24 who participated in the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth were used to determine the prevalence of a history of forced sex and the context of each respondent’s most recent experience with such assaults. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between victimization and having a recent indicator of sexual risk (e.g., having had sex in the past year with five or more female partners, a female injection‐drug user or an HIV‐positive female). Separate analyses were performed for coercion by females and coercion by males.
RESULTS: Six percent of men reported having been forced by a female perpetrator to have vaginal intercourse, while 1% said they had been forced by a male perpetrator to have oral or anal sex. Men had an elevated likelihood of having had one or more recent sexual risk indicators if they had ever been forced to have sex by a male (odds ratio, 6.9) or female (3.3). Verbal and physical forms of coercion and provision of alcohol and drugs were commonly used by perpetrators of both genders.
CONCLUSIONS: A better understanding of the pathways linking sexual victimization to sexual risk‐taking among men is needed. Clinicians working with young men should screen them for victimization and provide STD testing and referrals for counseling if abuse is suspected or disclosed.
Seven Direct Methods for Measuring HDL and LDL Cholesterol Compared with Ultracentrifugation Reference Measurement Procedures
Authors: Miller W Greg , Myers Gary L , Sakurabayashi Ikunosuke , Bachmann Lorin M , Caudill Samuel P , Dziekonski Andrzej , Edwards Selvin , Kimberly Mary M , Korzun William J , Leary Elizabeth T , Nakajima Katsuyuki , Nakamura Masakazu , Nilsson Göran , Shamburek Robert D , Vetrovec George W , Warnick G Russell , Remaley Alan T 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground: Methods from 7 manufacturers and 1 distributor for directly measuring HDL cholesterol (C) and LDL-C were evaluated for imprecision, trueness, total error, and specificity in nonfrozen serum samples.Methods: We performed each direct method according to the manufacturer’s instructions, using a Roche/Hitachi 917 analyzer, and compared the results with those obtained with reference measurement procedures for HDL-C and LDL-C. Imprecision was estimated for 35 runs performed with frozen pooled serum specimens and triplicate measurements on each individual sample. Sera from 37 individuals without disease and 138 with disease (primarily dyslipidemic and cardiovascular) were measured by each method. Trueness and total error were evaluated from the difference between the direct methods and reference measurement procedures. Specificity was evaluated from the dispersion in differences observed.Results: Imprecision data based on 4 frozen serum pools showed total CVs &lt;3.7% for HDL-C and &lt;4.4% for LDL-C. Bias for the nondiseased group ranged from −5.4% to 4.8% for HDL-C and from −6.8% to 1.1% for LDL-C, and for the diseased group from −8.6% to 8.8% for HDL-C and from −11.8% to 4.1% for LDL-C. Total error for the nondiseased group ranged from −13.4% to 13.6% for HDL-C and from −13.3% to 13.5% for LDL-C, and for the diseased group from −19.8% to 36.3% for HDL-C and from −26.6% to 31.9% for LDL-C.Conclusions: Six of 8 HDL-C and 5 of 8 LDL-C direct methods met the National Cholesterol Education Program total error goals for nondiseased individuals. All the methods failed to meet these goals for diseased individuals, however, because of lack of specificity toward abnormal lipoproteins.
Crystal structure and bond valence of CaH2 from neutron powder diffraction data
Authors: Alonso José Antonio , Retuerto María , Sanchez-Benitez Javier , Fernández-Díaz Maria Teresa 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The crystal structure of CaH2 has been studied from neutron powder diffraction (NPD) at 295 K in a non-deuterated sample; a good quality NPD pattern was obtained in spite of the hydrogen incoherent scattering. The structure was refined by the Rietveld method in the Pnma space group (No. 62), Z = 4, with unit-cell parameters a = 5.9600(1), b = 3.6006(7) and c = 6.8167(1) Å. The two kinds of crystallographically independent H atoms, H1 and H2, are located in tetrahedral and square-pyramidal cavities, respectively, while Ca ions are nine-fold coordinated to hydrogen atoms. The average 〈Ca—H1〉 and 〈Ca—H2〉 bond lengths are 2.279 and 2.544 Å, respectively. Bond valence calculations show that Ca—H1 bonds are under compressive stress, whereas Ca—H2 bonds undergo tensile stress in a structure with a relatively high global instability index. It is also remarkable that the displacement factors for H2 are significantly larger than for H1, suggesting an increased lability for the Ca—H2 bonds. We provide with an analysis of the isotope effect, by comparing the present results on CaH2 with literature data on CaD2; we indeed observe a higher distortion of the H1 and H2 coordination polyhedra with respect to the deuteride, as observed in other isostructural dihydrides.
Aberrant cortisol regulations in bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: a frequent finding in a prospective study of 32 patients with overt or subclinical Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Libé Rossella , Coste Joël , Guignat Laurence , Tissier Frédérique , Lefebvre Hervé , Barrande Gaëlle , Ajzenberg Christiane , Tauveron Igor , Clauser Eric , Dousset Bertrand , Bertagna Xavier , Bertherat Jérôme , Groussin Lionel 
Published: April 2010

ContextACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) is a rare and heterogeneous condition characterized by abnormal steroid production. Cortisol secretion can be regulated by aberrant hormone receptors.ObjectiveA large series of patients with AIMAH were evaluated to provide information on the prevalence and profile of aberrant regulations, in relation with the functional status.Design and patientsThirty-two consecutive patients with AIMAH were prospectively studied: 10 had a Cushing's syndrome (CS), and 22 had a subclinical CS (SCS).MethodsA baseline endocrine evaluation was followed by anin vivoprotocol in search of aberrant cortisol responses (seven provocative tests). An acute inhibition test with the somatostatin analog octreotide was also performed.ResultsAt least one aberrant cortisol response was identified in 28 of 32 (87%) patients. The overall prevalence of aberrant responses was independent of the functional status. Responses to the upright posture and to metoclopramide were frequently observed (67 and 56% respectively). A glucagon response was frequently observed in the SCS group (58%). A cortisol inhibition by octreotide was specifically found in the three CS patients who positively responded to the mixed meal, and was observed also in 12 of 13 (92%) patients with SCS.ConclusionsCortisol responses indicative of aberrant receptor expression were highly prevalent in AIMAH. Thorough phenotyping of AIMAH may help uncover the underlying pathophysiology.
Tetragonal Phase in Ge Doped HfO2 Films on Si Investigated by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Miotti Leonardo , Paz Bastos Karen , Radtke Cláudio , Lucovsky Gerald 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe stabilization of the tetragonal phase of 5 nm thick HfO2 films by Ge doping is investigated using x-ray absorption spectroscopy around O and Ge Kedges and by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. We show that Ge concentrations higher than ˜5at.% are not stable during rapid thermal anneal at temperatures as low as 750°C and that the tetragonal phase of HfO2 is achieved at this Ge concentration.
Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of High Mobility Compound Semiconductor Devices for Integration with Si CMOS
Authors: Lubyshev Dmitri , Fastenau Joel M. , Wu Ying , Synder Andrew , Liu Amy W. K. , Bulsara Mayank T. , Fitzgerald Eugene A. , Urteaga Miguel , Ha Wonill , Bergman Joshua , Choe M. J. , Brar Bobby , Hoke William E. , LaRoche Jeffrey R. , Torabi Abbas , Kazior Thomas E. , Smith David , Clark David , Thompson Robin F. , Drazek Charlotte , Daval Nicolas , Benaissa Lamine , Augendre Emmanuel 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe report on a direct epitaxial growth approach for the heterogeneous integration of high speed III-V devices with Si CMOS logic on a common Si substrate. InP-based heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBTs) structures were successfully grown on patterned Si-on-Lattice-Engineered-Substrate (SOLES) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. DC and RF performance similar to those grown on lattice-matched InP were achieved in growth windows as small as 15×15μm2. This truly planar approach allows tight device placement with InP-HBTs to Si CMOS transistors separation as small as 2.5 μm, and the use of standard wafer level multilayer interconnects. A high speed, low power dissipation differential amplifier was designed and fabricated, demonstrating the feasibility of using this approach for high performance mixed signal circuits such as ADCs and DACs.
Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Impedance Microscopy for the Imaging of Electrical Domain in CaCu3Ti4O12 Perovskite Oxide
Authors: Lo Nigro Raffaella , Fiorenza Patrick , Raineri Vito 
Published: April 2010

AbstractElectrical characterization of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramics with scanning probe based techniques has been carried out. In particular, conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) and scanning impedance microscopy (SIM) have been used to demonstrate the presence, shape and size in CCTO ceramics of the different electrically domains, both at the grain boundaries and within the grains. The electrical characteristics of single grains and of single domains have been evaluated and it has been observed that the conductive grains are surrounded by insulating grain boundaries.
Rapid Thermal Annealing of Amorphous Silicon Thin Films Grown by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Lin Pei-Yi , Wu Ping-Jung , Chen I-Chen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin films were deposited on pre-oxidized Si wafers by electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECRCVD). The rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatments were applied to the as-grown samples in nitrogen atmosphere, and the temperature range for the RTA process is from 450 to 950 °C. The crystallization and grain growth behaviors of the annealed films were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The onset temperature for the crystallization and grain growth is around 625 ∼ 650°C. The crystalline fraction of annealed a-Si:H films can reach ∼80%, and a grain size up to 17 nm could be obtained from the RTA treatment at 700 °C. We found that the crystallization continues when the grain growth has stopped.
Wafer Bonding for Backside Illuminated CMOS Image Sensors Fabrication
Authors: Dragoi Viorel , Mittendorfer Gerald , Filbert Alexander , Wimplinger Markus 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackside illuminated CMOS image sensors were developed in order to encompass the pixel area limitation due to metal interconnects. In this technology the fully processed CMOS wafer is bonded to a blank carrier wafer and then back-thinned in order to open the photosensitive sensor area. The process flows of the two main competing wafer bonding technologies used for this manufacturing process (adhesive bonding and low temperature plasma activated direct wafer bonding with polymer layers) will be reviewed.
Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Electroplated Copper Thin Films Used for Thin Film Interconnection
Authors: Naokazu Murata , Tamakawa Kinji , Suzuki Ken , Miura Hideo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMicro-texture dependence of both the mechanical and electrical properties of electroplated copper thin films was discussed experimentally considering the change of their micro texture caused by thermal history after the electroplating. Both the static and fatigue strength of the films changed drastically depending on the micro texture and it was found that there were two fatigue fracture modes in the films. One was a typical ductile intragranular fracture and the other was brittle intergranular one. The reason for the variation of the strength of the electroplated copper thin films was attributed to the variation of the average grain size and the characteristics of grain boundaries. In addition, the electrical reliability of the electroplated copper interconnections was discussed under electromigration tests. Though abrupt fracture mode due to the local fusion appeared in the as-electroplated films, the life of the interconnections was improved significantly after the annealing at temperatures high than 200°C. Typical change of the surface morphology of the film, i.e., the formation of voids and hillocks were observed on their surfaces after the annealing. This was also caused by the change of the micro texture from fine grains with porous grain boundaries to coarsened columnar grains with rigid grain boundaries. However, the stress-induced migration appeared in the annealed narrow interconnections, in particular. This was because of high tensile residual stress occurred in the film due to the constraint of the shrinkage of the films by rigid oxide around them. These results clearly indicated that the control of both the micro-texture and residual stress is indispensable for improving the reliability of the interconnectins.
Effective Wavelength Conversion from Near-UV to Red for Photovoltaics: Potential of Transparent YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ Nanophosphor Film
Authors: Takeshita Satoru , Nakayama Kenji , Isobe Tetsuhiko , Sawayama Tomohiro , Niikura Seiji 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe authors prepared a near-UV to red wavelength conversion thick film containing 38.8 wt% of YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ nanoparticles of 10.8 ± 1.6 nm in size. This nanoparticle film shows a high transparency in the visible region, e.g., the transmittance at 619 nm is ∼ 96% irrespective of the film thickness. The photoluminescence intensity at 619 nm corresponding to the f-f transition of Eu3+ for this nanoparticle film increases with increasing the film thickness up to 400 μm, whereas that of the film containing micron-sized particles reaches the maximum at the film thickness of ∼ 40 μm. On the other hand, YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ nanoparticles have a sufficient photostability for practical use over 15 years outside, as confirmed by the light fastness test. These results suggest that the transparent film of YVO4:Bi3+,Eu3+ nanoparticles are potentially applicable to the spectral convertor for photovoltaic cells from the aspects of low light-scattering loss and high photostability.
Soil ecosystem functioning under climate change: plant species and community effects
Authors: Kardol Paul , Cregger Melissa A. , Campany Courtney E. , Classen Aimee T. 
Published: April 2010

Feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to atmospheric and climate change depend on soil ecosystem dynamics. Soil ecosystems can directly and indirectly respond to climate change. For example, warming directly alters microbial communities by increasing their activity. Climate change may also alter plant community composition, thus indirectly altering the soil communities that depend on their inputs. To better understand how climate change may directly and indirectly alter soil ecosystem functioning, we investigated old‐field plant community and soil ecosystem responses to single and combined effects of elevated [CO2], warming, and precipitation in Tennessee (USA). Specifically, we collected soils at the plot level (plant community soils) and beneath dominant plant species (plant‐specific soils). We used microbial enzyme activities and soil nematodes as indicators for soil ecosystem functioning.Our study resulted in two main findings: (1) Overall, while there were some interactions, water, relative to increases in [CO2] and warming, had the largest impact on plant community composition, soil enzyme activity, and soil nematodes. Multiple climate‐change factors can interact to shape ecosystems, but in our study, those interactions were largely driven by changes in water. (2) Indirect effects of climate change, via changes in plant communities, had a significant impact on soil ecosystem functioning, and this impact was not obvious when looking at plant community soils. Climate‐change effects on enzyme activities and soil nematode abundance and community structure strongly differed between plant community soils and plant‐specific soils, but also within plant‐specific soils.These results indicate that accurate assessments of climate‐change impacts on soil ecosystem functioning require incorporating the concurrent changes in plant function and plant community composition. Climate‐change‐induced shifts in plant community composition will likely modify or counteract the direct impact of atmospheric and climate change on soil ecosystem functioning, and hence, these indirect effects should be taken into account when predicting the manner in which global change will alter ecosystem functioning.
The Jena Experiment: six years of data from a grassland biodiversity experiment
Authors: Weigelt Alexandra , Marquard Elisabeth , Temperton Vicky M. , Roscher Christiane , Scherber Christoph , Mwangi Peter N. , Felten Stefanievon , Buchmann Nina , Schmid Bernhard , Schulze Ernst-Detlef , Weisser Wolfgang W. 
Published: April 2010

This data set contains species‐specific biomass and cover data as well as community leaf area index (LAI) and height from a large grassland biodiversity experiment (Jena Experiment). In this experiment, 82 grassland plots of 20 × 20 m were established from a pool of 60 species belonging to four functional groups (grasses, legumes, and tall and small herbs). In May 2002, varying numbers of plant species were sown into the plots to create a gradient of plant species richness (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 60 species) and functional richness (1, 2, 3, and 4 functional groups). Plots were maintained by biannual weeding and mowing. The data set encompasses the 2002–2008 May and August biomass harvests from 3–4 subplots of 0.2 × 0.5 m per experimental plot sorted to species. Moreover, plant species and community cover estimated in an approximately 9‐m2 subplot per plot are included in the data set. Each biomass harvest was accompanied by measurements of vegetation height and LAI per plot. Analyses of the community biomass data have identified species richness as well as functional group composition as important drivers of a positive biodiversity–productivity relationship.The data set can be used to study a variety of questions about how plant community composition and structure respond to changes in species richness and functional diversity over time. Sampling is ongoing, and new data will be added.The complete data sets corresponding to abstracts published in the Data Papers section of the journal are published electronically in Ecological Archives at 〈http://esapubs.org/archive〉. (The accession number for each Data Paper is given directly beneath the title.)
Periodontal Regeneration Using an Anabolic Peptide With Two Carriers in Baboons
Authors: Yamashita Motofumi , Lazarov Mirella , Jones Archie A. , Mealey Brian L. , Mellonig James T. , Cochran David L. 
Published: April 2010

Background: Various growth proteins have been used to encourage periodontal tissue regeneration. The purpose of this pilot study is to evaluate the periodontal regeneration achieved with the use of a synthetic anabolic peptide (AP) combined with either beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) or an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) as the carrier.Methods: Periodontal defects were created bilaterally adjacent to four mandibular teeth in five baboons. Plaque was allowed to accumulate around wire ligatures placed into the defects. After 2 months, the wire ligatures were removed, and a notch was placed at the base of the defect. The four teeth were randomly treated with one of the following treatments: 1) saline + ACS serving as the control, 2) AP + ACS, 3) saline + β‐TCP serving as another control, or 4) AP + β‐TCP. The baboons were sacrificed 5 months post‐treatment, and histomorphometric analyses were performed under masked conditions.Results: At 5 months post‐surgery, the mean length of new cementum for sites treated with AP + ACS, AP + β‐TCP, saline + ACS, saline + β‐TCP amounted to 3.32 ± 1.7 mm, 3.86 ± 1.0 mm, 2.87 ± 1.3 mm, and 3.15 ± 1.9 mm, respectively. The mean width of new cementum for the corresponding values was 52.5 ± 14.7 μm, 54.5 ± 24.2 μm, 37.4 ± 12.7 μm, and 48.9 ± 12.4 μm, respectively. The mean width of new periodontal ligament for corresponding values was 246 ± 140 μm, 166 ± 26 μm, 251 ± 92 μm, and 240 ± 91 μm. No statistically significant difference was observed for any of the parameters among groups in this pilot study.Conclusions: Preclinical studies showed that AP has positive anabolic effects on bone cells. In this study, no adverse tissue reactions were observed in the AP‐treated sites, including root resorption, ankylosis, or a foreign body reaction. The cementum length and width were greater in the sites treated with AP versus sites treated with a control; however, these differences were not significant in the small number of animals used. Further research is needed to define the potential of AP as a periodontal therapeutic agent.