bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of video-based exercise training program for people with intellectual disability: a multicenter study
Authors: Kwan Rachel , Szeto Grace , Ho Ester , Wu Annie , Wong Lavinia , Ho Gilbert , Lau Rufina , Wong Eyckle , Kwok Anthony , Cheung Dorothy 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of a specially designed video-based exercise program in promoting physical and balance performance in people with intellectual disability.MethodsThis study was a multicenter controlled trial. Participants with intellectual disability were divided into exercise group and control group by cluster sampling. The participants in the exercise group received 1 h exercise training sessions twice a week for 8 weeks, and the controls continued their usual care without exercise training. The exercises were specially designed to match the physical ability level of the participants classified as high and low, and a third group called “special” was designed for those wheelchair-bound persons with limited mobility. Elements of light-tempo music and animation were introduced in the videos to motivate the participants. Recording the exercises in video format makes it easier for the class instructors and participants to perform the exercises together, and ensure consistency across different exercise groups conducted in different centers. Each participant underwent the pre- and post-intervention assessment including 30-s chair stand repetitions, five-time chair stand duration, 4-m comfortable walk time, standing static balance level, 6-min walk test, and short physical performance battery score. These variables were compared within each group at pre- and post-intervention stages, and they were also compared between the two groups.ResultsA total of 180 participants were enrolled in 16 subcenters, including 160 participants in the exercise group and 20 participants in the control group. After 8 weeks of exercise training, there were significant improvements in their physical performance including 30-s chair stand repetitions and five-time chair stand duration, 4-m comfortable walk time and also 6-min walk test, within the exercise group (all P &lt; 0.05). Approximately 39% of the participants in the exercise group also showed significant improvement in standing static balance level. No significant differences were found when compared with the control group participants who did not have any regular exercise participation.ConclusionA specially designed video-based exercise program has demonstrated some positive effects on physical and balance performance after 8 weeks of training among adults with intellectual disability.
Enhancing patient comfort in varicose vein treatment through combined lidocaine and ropivacaine tumescent anesthesia
Authors: Li Yubo , Li Tan 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo compare the analgesic effects of specific tumescent anesthetic solutions composed of lidocaine, ropivacaine, or a combination of lidocaine and ropivacaine during endovenous radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of great saphenous vein varicosities.MethodThis study included 149 patients with lower limb varicose veins who were admitted to our department between 2019 and 2023. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups: the lidocaine group (Group I), the ropivacaine group (Group II), and the lidocaine + ropivacaine group (Group III). Intraoperative vital signs, intraoperative and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, and long-term treatment outcomes were assessed using the venous clinical severity score (VCSS) based on clinical performance.ResultsThere were no significant differences in age, body mass index, operative time, or blood loss among the three groups (P ≥ 0.05). The differences in the mean arterial pressure and heart rate during surgery in Group II were significantly greater than those in Groups I and III (P &lt; 0.05). The intraoperative VAS scores in Group II were higher than those in Groups I and III (P &lt; 0.05) and at 8 and 12 h postoperatively. There were no significant differences in VCSS among the groups (P ≥ 0.05).ConclusionThe use of a tumescent anesthetic solution composed of lidocaine and ropivacaine significantly improved patient comfort during the perioperative period without affecting surgical outcomes. This formulation can be considered safe and reliable for preparing tumescent anesthesia solutions.
Biomechanical evaluation of a fixation technique with a modified hemicerclage for tibial tuberosity transposition: an ex vivo cadaveric study
Authors: Natsios Pavlos , Capaul Rahel , Kopf Norbert , Pozzi Antonio , Tinga Selena , Park Brian 
Published: May 2024

Objectives(1) To determine stiffness, load at failure, and mode of failure of a novel fixation method with a tension modified-hemicerclage (MH) for tibial tuberosity transposition, and (2) to compare the biomechanical properties of this novel fixation technique to 2 pins (2Pins) and 2 pins and tension band wire fixation (2Pins + TBW).Study designThirty cadaveric stifles from dogs between 5.2 and 13.1 kg were assigned to 3 treatment groups: Group 1: fixation technique with MH; Group 2: 2Pins; Group 3: 2Pins + TBW. Biomechanical testing was performed with the tibia positioned at an angle of 135° relative to vertical position. Tensile force was applied to the patellar ligament until catastrophic failure was observed. The mode of failure, the load at failure, and the stiffness were compared among treatment groups.ResultsThe mean stiffness of the novel fixation (38.1 N/mm ± 7.1) and the 2Pins + TBW (40.2 N/mm ± 9.3) were greater than the 2Pins (26.7 N/mm ± 6.7). There was no significant difference between the novel fixation technique and 2Pins + TBW in stiffness and maximum load to failure. The 2Pins (284.3 N ± 70.5) failed at a significantly lower load than the tension modified-hemicerclage (555.7 N ± 225.9 N) and 2Pins + TBW (715.3 N ± 339.8 N).ConclusionA fixation technique using a modified hemicerclage had the same strength and stiffness as the 2Pins + TBW and was stronger and stiffer than the 2 Pins technique in a cadaveric model.
Trends in enrollment, retention, and graduation of United States veterinary technicians/nurses schools
Authors: Kogan Lori R. , Jensen Wayne A. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThere is a significant shortage of veterinary technicians. To help address this issue, there has been a call to increase the capacity of United States VT/N educational programs. Yet, the current challenges within the field may be negatively impacting the number of people deciding to pursue VT/N certification. To assess this possibility, this study was designed to explore the enrollment, retention, and graduation trends within United States VT/N educational programs. Explore the trends between 2018 and 2022 in enrollment, retention, and graduation of veterinary technicians/nurses (VT/N) at educational programs located in the United States.SampleEducators and administrators working in United States VT/N educational programs.ProceduresAn electronic survey distributed via an anonymous link within emails sent from the Association of Veterinary Technician Educators.ResultsA total of 82 responses from educators and administrators working in United States VT/N educational programs were received. Forty-three percent of participants indicated a decrease in student enrollment in the last 5 years. The factors seen to have the largest significant impact were “More potential students not convinced being credentialed will lead to a difference in job duties when compared to non-credentialed work,” “More potential students who do not think being credentialed will lead to a substantial increase in pay when compared to non-credentialed work” and “More potential students not willing/able to invest the time needed to become credentialed.” A total of 60% reported an increase in retention efforts within the last 5 years. The services most commonly reported as increasing included mental health support and academic mentoring.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis study suggests that an increased number of potential VT/N students are deciding that being credentialed is not worth the time or money. While additional resources directed toward recruitment and retention are needed within VT/N educational programs, without systematic changes within the field, it is likely that there will be a continued decline in the number of interested applicants.
Social Representativeness and Intervention Adherence—A Systematic Review of Clinical Physical Activity Trials in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Stalsberg Ragna , Darvik Monica Dahle 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesRepresentativeness in physical activity randomised controlled trials (RCT) in breast cancer patients is essential to analyses of feasibility and validity considering privileged- social groups. A step-by-step exclusion of less privileged groups through the trial process could reinforce health inequality. This study aimed at examining representativeness in breast cancer (BC) physical activity trials, investigate associations between socio-economic status (SES) and intervention adherence, and explore associations between representativeness and the relationship between SES and intervention adherence.MethodsSystematic, computerised searches were performed in PubMed, CINAHL, AMED, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Additional citation-based searches retrieved 37 articles. Distributions of education level, ethnicity, and marital status in study samples were compared to national populations data to estimate representativeness in less privileged groups.ResultsA preponderance of studies favoured educated, married and white patients. Only six studies reported SES-adherence associations, hampering conclusions on this relationship and possible associations between representativeness and an SES-adherence relationship.ConclusionLess educated, unmarried and non-white individuals may be underrepresented in BC physical activity RCTs, while SES-adherence associations in such trials are inconclusive. Unintentional social misrepresentations may indicate that disguised inequity warrants revived attention.
Pitfalls in Valganciclovir Prophylaxis Dose Adjustment Based on Renal Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Hammer Nathalie , Hoessly Linard , Haidar Fadi , Hirzel Cédric , de Seigneux Sophie , van Delden Christian , Vogt Bruno , Sidler Daniel , Neofytos Dionysios 
Published: May 2024

Valganciclovir (VGC) is administered as prophylaxis to kidney transplant recipients (KTR) CMV donor (D)+/recipient (R)− and CMV R+ after thymoglobulin-induction (R+/TG). Although VGC dose adjustments based on renal function are recommended, there is paucity of real-life data on VGC dosing and associations with clinical outcomes. This is a retrospective Swiss Transplant Cohort Study-embedded observational study, including all adult D+/R− and R+/TG KTR between 2010 and 2020, who received prophylaxis with VGC. The primary objective was to describe the proportion of inappropriately (under- or over-) dosed VGC week-entries. Secondary objectives included breakthrough clinically significant CMV infection (csCMVi) and potential associations between breakthrough-csCMVi and cytopenias with VGC dosing. Among 178 KTR, 131 (73.6%) patients had ≥2 week-entries for the longitudinal data of interest and were included in the outcome analysis, with 1,032 VGC dose week-entries. Overall, 460/1,032 (44.6%) were appropriately dosed, while 234/1,032 (22.7%) and 338/1,032 (32.8%) were under- and over-dosed, respectively. Nineteen (14.5%) patients had a breakthrough-csCMVi, without any associations identified with VCG dosing (p = 0.44). Unlike other cytopenias, a significant association between VGC overdosing and lymphopenia (OR 5.27, 95% CI 1.71–16.22, p = 0.004) was shown. VGC prophylaxis in KTR is frequently inappropriately dosed, albeit without meaningful clinical associations, neither in terms of efficacy nor safety.
Про повну конфліктну керованість в ігрових задачах динаміки
Authors: Чикрій Кирило Аркадійович , Чикрій Олексій Аркадійович 
Published: May 2024

Розглянуто задачу зближення конфліктно-керованої системи із заданою циліндричною термінальною множиною з будь-яких початкових положень на основі позиційної інформації. Вона є узагальненням задачі Калмана та відповідного критерію керованості за відсутності обмежень на керування. Як базове використано правило екстремального прицілювання М.М. Красовського в інтерпретації Б.М. Пшеничного. Із застосуванням техніки багатозначних відображень та опуклого аналізу отримано достатні умови зближення у регуляризованому (за Красовським) випадку і на їхній основі — загальні умови повної конфліктної керованості. У регуляризованому випадку замість конфліктно-керованої системи диференціальних рівнянь розглядаються диференціальні включення, розв’язком яких є абсолютно неперервні функції. Цей факт є наслідком відсутності неперервності керування за фазовою змінною. За певних умов розв’язок існує, але не обов’язково єдиний. Отримані результати застосовано при проведенні аналізу узагальненого контрольного прикладу Л.С. Понтрягіна. Водночас використано техніку теорії лишків. Розглянуто два частинні приклади: контрольний приклад Л.С. Понтрягіна та задачу «Хлопчик і крокодил». У кожному випадку отримано достатні умови повної конфліктної керованості при поточній позиційній інформації про фазовий стан рухомих об’єктів.
Метод побудови запитів до чат-ботів на основі штучного інтелекту
Authors: Кряжич Ольга Олександрівна , Васенко Олександр Васильович , Ісак Людмила Марківна , Бабак Олександр Анатолійович , Грицишин Володимир Омелянович 
Published: May 2024

В Інтернет все більшої популярності набувають чат-боти з породжуваль­ним штучним інтелектом (ШІ) — ChatGPT, Gemini, GitHub Copilot та ін. Вони використовуються для навчання та інтелектуального пошуку інформації. Правильно побудований запит дає чіткий результат-відповідь від чат-бота і полегшує процес взаємодії з ним. У роботі математично обґрунтовано метод побудови запитів до чат-ботів з урахуванням особливостей, які дозволяють формувати запит таким чином, щоб у наданій відповіді задовольнялися вимоги до основних властивостей інформації. Крім того, в роботі проаналізовано можливість формування запитів до чат-бота щодо перетворення з використанням нечіткої логіки і побудовою рішень у вигляді лінгвістичних правил-продукцій та подальшої формалізації із застосуванням одного з базових методів наближення для отримання результату за максимумом відповідності. Зокрема, запропоновано алгоритм з десяти базових кроків, за яким реалізується можливість вибору термів лінгвістичних змінних, що з різним ступенем відповідають одній з двох сформованих множин. Терм — це деякий логічний вираз, що стосується об’єкта дослідження. Попередні результати тестування запропонованого методу виявили можливість на 14 % надавати більш точну, достовірну, повну, корисну та зрозумілу відповідь. Витрати часу на підготовку запитів можна мінімізувати шляхом розробки вебсервісів за заданим алгоритмом, які дозволятимуть користувачам отримувати інформаційні масиви для запиту та будувати з них запити за продукційними правилами, що є перспективним напрямом подальших досліджень. Зазначене може бути використане при розробці вебсервісів обробки інформації.
Highly stable Brillouin laser with controllable tuning based on fiber ring resonator
Authors: Liang Min , Liu Wenyao , Pan Ziwen , Wang Rong , Xing Enbo , Zhou Yanru , Tang Jun , Liu Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The design and fabrication processes of the stimulated Brillouin laser (SBL) are complex, and it is affected by many factors such as temperature and resonance shift. In this study, we have fabricated a Brillouin laser using a fiber ring resonator with Q factor = 7.1 × 108 and resonance depth (h) = 96%. The free spectral range automatic feedback control technology is proposed to realize the accurate matching of the resonant mode and the Stokes mode. The influence of temperature on the SBL frequency shift is suppressed. The fluctuation range of SBL’s frequency decreases by 5 times. The maximum steady state output of the SBL at the best matching position is realized, and the output power fluctuation range decreases by 15 times. The power stability of the SBL reaches 4.85 × 10−6, which is improved by two orders of magnitude. This simple scheme provides convenience for the application of the SBL, such as sensing and other applications.
الاحتراق النفسي لدى مدرسي العلوم الاجتماعية في المدارس
Authors: أ.م.د. قصي عبد اللطيف  , م.م.محمد جواد كاظم  
Published: May 2024

ازداد اﻻﻫﺘﻤـــــﺎم ﺒظـــــﺎﻫرة اﻻﺤﺘـــــ ارق اﻟﻨﻔﺴـــــﻲ ﻓـــــﻲ ﻤﻬﻨـــــﺔ اﻟﺨـــــدﻤﺎت وﻻ ﺴـــــﻴﻤﺎ
اﻟﺘﻌﻠـﻴم ٬ وﻴﻤﻛـن ﺘﺤﻴـد ﻫـذﻩ اﻟظـﺎﻫرة اﺠ ارﺌﻴـﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻬـﺎ اﻟﺘﻐﻴـ ارت اﻟﺴـﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ اﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫـﺎت واﻟﺴـﻠوك
اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻔرد ﺒوﺼﻔﻬﺎ رد ﻓﻌﻝ ﻟﻀـﻐوط اﻟﻌﻤـﻝ ٬ وﻤـن ﻤظﺎﻫرﻫـﺎ اﻟﻤﻬﻤـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺴـﺒﻴﻝ اﻟﻤﺜـﺎﻝ
ﻓﻘـدان اﻻﻫﺘﻤـﺎم ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻤـﻝ ﺒطرﻴﻘـﺔ روﺘﻴﻨﻴـﺔ ٬ واﻟـﻨﻘص ﻓـﻲ اﻟداﻓﻌﻴـﺔ ٬ وﻤﻘﺎوﻤـﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴـر ٬ وﻓﻘـدان
اﻻﺒﺘﻛﺎرﻴــﺔ. وﻟﻠﺘﺜﺒــت ﻤــن وﺠــود ظــﺎﻫرة اﻻﺤﺘــ ارق اﻟﻨﻔﺴــﻲ ﺒــﻴن ﻤدرﺴــﻲ اﻟﻌﻠــوم اﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴــﺔ
ﻟﻠﻤرﺤﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻨوﻴﺔ ﺼﻤم اﻟﺒﺎﺤث اﺴﺘﺒﺎﻨﺔ ﺘﺤﺘوي ﻋﻠﻰ (٢٨) ﻓﻘرة ﺘﻨﺎوﻟـت ﻤﺼـﺎدر اﻟﻀـﻐط ﻓـﻲ

ﻤﻬﻨﺔ اﻟﺘدرﻴس وﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر ﻫﻲ :
-١ ﺴـﻠوك اﻟطـﻼب -٢ . ﻋﻼﻗـﺔ اﻟﻤدرﺴـﻴن ﺒﻌﻀـﻬم ﺒـﺒﻌض -٣ . ﻋﻼﻗـﺔ اﻟﻤدرﺴـﻴن ﺒـﺎﻹدارة .

-٤ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤدرس ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻬﻨﺔ -٥ . اﻟﺼ ارﻋﺎت اﻟذاﺘﻴﺔ -٦ . اﻷﻋ ارض اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻐوط .
وﻟﻺﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋن ﺘﺴﺎؤﻻت اﻟﺒﺤث اﺠرﻴت اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺴﺎس اﻟﺠﻨس واﻟﺨﺒرة اﻟﺘدرﻴﺴﻴﺔ
ﻓﻛﺸـﻔت اﻟد ارﺴـﺔ ﻋـن وﺠـود ﻓـروق ﺒـﻴن اﻟـذﻛور واﻹﻨـﺎث ﻤـن اﻟﺘدرﻴﺴـﻴﻴن ﻓـﻲ ظـﺎﻫرة اﻻﺤﺘـ ارق

اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ .
وﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫذا اﻟﻤوﻀوع ﻓﺎﻨﻪ ﻴﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ ﺘرﻛﻴز وﺘﺴﻠﻴط اﻟﻀوء ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤن ﻗﺒﻝ اﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴن

ﻓﻲ اﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎت اﻟﺘرﺒوﻴﺔ واﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ .
التوزيع الزاوي وحساب نسب الخلط المتعدد الاقطاب للانتقالات الكامية في النظير 30 Cu 59 29 المتولدة من التفاعل 30 Cu 59 29  ) (p, 30 Ni 58 28 باستخدام طريقة نسبة a 2 - (a 2 -Ratio) وطريقة الثابت ال
Authors: أ.م.د. سفرة معيلف الشمري  
Published: May 2024

اﺴﺘﺨدم ﻓﻲ ﻫذا اﻟﺒﺤث طرﻴﻘﺔ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ a 2 - وطرﻴﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﺒت اﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻲ اﻟﺘﻨﺴوري (CST)

ﻟﺤﺴـﺎب

ﻨﺴـب

اﻟﺨﻠـط

ﻻﻨﺘﻘـﺎﻻت

ﻛﺎﻤـﺎ

ﺒـﻴن

ﻤﺴـﺘوﻴﺎت

اﻟطﺎﻗـﺔ

ﻟﻠﻨظﻴـر

30

Cu

59
29

اﻟﻤﺘوﻟـدة

ﻤـن

اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻝ

اﻟﻨووي

30

Cu

59
29

 )

(p,

30

Ni

58
28

وﻟ ـ 28

اﻨﺘﻘـﺎﻝ

ﻛـﺎﻤﻲ

وﻷوﻝ

ﻤـرة ٬

ﺤﻴـث

أﻛـدت

اﻟﻨﺘـﺎﺌﺞ

اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘم اﻟﺤﺼوﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺼﺤﺔ ﻫذﻩ اﻟطرﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺴـﺎب ﻨﺴـب اﻟﺨﻠـط ٕواﻤﻛﺎﻨﻴﺘﻬـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﺘﻨﺒـؤ

ﺒوﺠود أي ﺨطﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎت اﻟﺘﺠرﻴﺒﻴﺔ.

ﺘم ﻤﻘﺎرﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻤﻊ اﻟﻘﻴم اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘوﻓرة ﻓﻛﺎﻨت ﻤﺘواﻓﻘﺔ ﺒﺸﻛﻝ ﺠﻴد ﺠداً ﻓﻲ اﻏﻠﺒﻬﺎ.
ان ﺒﻌض ﻗﻴم ﻨﺴب اﻟﺨﻠط اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘم ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻬذﻩ اﻟطرﻴﻘﺔ ﻛﺎﻨت ﻤﻘﺒوﻟﺔ ﻀﻤن ﻤدى اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎت

اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻝ اﻟﻛﺎﻤﻲ  3  1  ذو اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ (5970 keV) .  2 2 
PAC System for Radiographic Comparison of Standing and Supine Lateral Views in Patients with Low-Grade Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Aatir Javaid  , Sibtain Raza  , Usman Amjad  , Shaharyar Sheikh  , Izza Nasir  , Saman Shahid  
Published: May 2024

Objective: Supine views may not adequately depict low-degree spondylolisthesis, thereby confusing surgeons in deciding the best therapy plan. The study aimed to compare the standing vs. supine radiographs for the radiological parameters.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective investigation was conducted on the standing and supine lateral radiographs of 73 patients with graduation I and II spondylolisthesis at the orthopedic Outdoor patient department. The measurements included lumbar lordosis angle, sacral inclination, slip angle, disc slip, and disc height, which were obtained from the PACS.
Results: Mean age was 47.28 years with 41% male and 58.9% females. Prevalence showed 46.57% having L4, 5 level involvement and 53.4% having L5, S1 level involvement in spondylolisthesis. The degree of lumbar lordosis turned out to be 41.7 upon standing while it was 34.39 degrees upon supine position. The size of the disc slip was 0.85cm and 0.74 cm in standing and supine positions respectively. Standing sacral inclination was 45.5 degrees and 40.51 degrees in supine. The slip angle was higher in standing (4.5 degrees) versus 3.97 degrees in the supine position. Disc heights were nearly the same in standing or supine (1.2 cm vs. 1.1 cm) positions. There existed a significant difference between standing vs. supine positions for the following: lumbar lordosis, disc slip, sacral inclination, and slip angle.
Conclusion: Supine views may not accurately show important radiological findings, affecting the choice of treatment. Surgeons may use these findings to make informed decisions about the best treatment plan.
The Comparison of Outcome of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts vs. Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Syed Hammad Naqvi  , Muhammad Motsim Shah  , Yasir Shahzad  , Soban Sarwar  , Fraz Mehmood  , Nadeem Akhtar  
Published: May 2024

Objective: To compare functional outcomes in terms of INPGHS score and overall improvement in patients of iNPH treated with ETV vs. VP shunting.
Materials & Methods: A Randomized control trial was conducted for 6 months at the Department of Neurosurgery, Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals, Rawalpindi. 62 patients (31 in each group) were enrolled & allocated into two groups. In group A patients ETV was done and in group B VP shunting. Post-operatively, Patients were followed up for 1 month.
Results: The mean age of the patients in the ETV & VP shunting groups was 63.19 ± 6.95 & 63 ± 6.82 years respectively. Males were 64.5% (n = 20) in both groups. Improvement was noted in 9 (29%) patients in the ETV group & 15 (48.4%) patients in the latter group (p-value = 0.118).
Conclusion: Ventriculoperitoneal shunts are superior to endoscopic third ventriculostomy in terms of functional neurological outcomes and improvement in symptoms.
Keywords: Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy, Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt, Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Grading Scale (iNPHGS), Aqueductal CSF Stroke Volume (ACSV).
Effect of Lumbar Discectomy on the Quality of Life (QOL)
Authors: Khan Murtaza Ahmed , Abdul Hameed  , Haleema Saadia Khan  , Tahira Hameed  , Abdul Qadeer Khan  
Published: May 2024

Objective: Quality of life is an individual’s perception. Herniated lumbar discs badly affect quality of life due to lower back pain and neurological deficits. The purpose of the study is to see the impact of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) on the quality of life of individuals and to examine the effect of surgery on the quality of life in these patients.
Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital / Fatima Jinnah Medical University, the data was collected through purposive sampling from LDH patients (N=159). The data was collected at three-point times; preoperatively (N=159) immediately postoperatively (n=125), and after 3 months post-operative (n=92). Quality of life was measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHO-QOL BREF scale) and the Aberdeen Lower Back Pain Scale (ALBPS).
Results: The quality of life in pre-operative patients was very poor and lumbar discectomy significantly (p<.05) not only improved the overall quality of life but with high significance reduced lower back pain at p<.001 hence showing the effectiveness of surgery among LDH patients.
Conclusion: For patients with recommended surgery for lumbar disc herniation, early intervention enhances quality of life. After surgery, significant pain improvement was seen as shown by ALBPS. WHO-QOL BREF assessment also highlights surgical impact on quality of life, before and after the procedure.
Keywords: Quality of life, Discectomy, Herniated Disc, Low Back Pain, Spine.