bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct Regulation of Adaxial-Abaxial Polarity in Anther Patterning in Rice
Authors: Toriba Taiyo , Suzaki Takuya , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Ohmori Yoshihiro , Tsukaya Hirokazu , Hirano Hiro-Yuki 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEstablishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity is essential for lateral organ development. The mechanisms underlying the polarity establishment in the stamen remain unclear, whereas those in the leaf are well understood. Here, we investigated a rod-like lemma (rol) mutant of rice (Oryza sativa), in which the development of the stamen and lemma is severely compromised. We found that the rod-like structure of the lemma and disturbed anther patterning resulted from defects in the regulation of adaxial-abaxial polarity. Gene isolation indicated that the rol phenotype was caused by a weak mutation in SHOOTLESS2 (SHL2), which encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and functions in trans-acting small interfering RNA (ta-siRNA) production. Thus, ta-siRNA likely plays an important role in regulating the adaxial-abaxial polarity of floral organs in rice. Furthermore, we found that the spatial expression patterns of marker genes for adaxial-abaxial polarity are rearranged during anther development in the wild type. After this rearrangement, a newly formed polarity is likely to be established in a new developmental unit, the theca primordium. This idea is supported by observations of abnormal stamen development in the shl2-rol mutant. By contrast, the stamen filament is likely formed by abaxialization. Thus, a unique regulatory mechanism may be involved in regulating adaxial-abaxial polarity in stamen development.
Brand familiarity and tasting in conjoint analysis
Authors: Cerjak Marija , Haas Rainer , Kovačić Damir 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe aims of this paper is to determine, via an empirical study of beer consumers in Croatia, the influence of tasting on the validity of conjoint analysis (CA) under presence of familiar or unfamiliar brands.Design/methodology/approachThe research comprised a face‐to‐face survey with 403 beer consumers. The respondents were divided into four groups regarding CA experiment (familiar/unfamiliar beer brand in combination with presence or absence of beer tasting). CA validity was measured with five criteria: face validity, convergent validity, internal validity, predictive validity and subjective evaluation of conjoint task. In addition to the CA experiment, a structured questionnaire was used consisting of a few questions regarding respondents' socio‐economic characteristics, beer purchasing, and consuming behaviour.FindingsThe research results confirmed that tasting as an additional presentation method has significant influence on validity of CA. However, the results of the study indicate that tasting should be used as a stimulus presentation method for CA with food and beverage products/brands, which are unfamiliar to the consumers. When testing familiar brands and brands with established perceptions, simpler and less expensive verbal stimulus presentation can be used.Practical implicationsAccording to the research results, it could be concluded that when performing CA with strong familiar brands, it is not necessary to use CA with tasting since tasting increases research complexity and costs and it does not achieve better results. However, tasting as a stimuli presentation method gives better results than pure verbal CA in the case of unfamiliar brands.Originality/valueThe paper is one of the first to deal with tasting as a presentation method in conjoint analysis and its results have direct implications for the future use of CA with food and beverages.
Adoption of voluntary front of package nutrition schemes in UK food innovations
Authors: Van Camp D.J. , Hooker N.H. , Souza‐Monteiro D.M. 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to determine the response of manufacturers and retailers to voluntary UK front of package (FOP) schemes through food product innovations.Design/methodology/approachA food innovation database (Global New Products Database) was used to track all food products released in the UK from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2008. Meal, bakery and breakfast cereal products were classified into two groups, according to whether the food category was targeted by the Food Standard Agency (FSA) for FOP labelling. Analysis includes descriptive statistics and cross‐tabulations of factors such as product category, type of FOP scheme, company, and year.FindingsPrivate label brands dominate food innovations in the UK. The use of FOP labels is selective among companies and across food categories. Guideline daily allowance (GDA) labelling is more widely adopted than the traffic light labelling system (TLS). Both systems have been more broadly adopted in target food categories when compared to non‐target food categories.Research limitations/implicationsThe database used to conduct this research provides detailed data on food product innovations released in the UK. However, this is not linked to sales data and therefore cannot be used to analyse changes in consumption due to FOP labelling systems. Nevertheless, the response of food manufacturers and retailers in their innovation strategies is a critical piece to understanding how voluntary labelling polices may impact public health.Originality/valueThe paper presents evidence of dynamics of supply‐side responses to increasing consumer demand for healthier foods.
Microbiological and chemical quality of tahini halva
Authors: Kahraman Tolga , Issa Ghassan , Ozmen Gursel , Buyukunal Serkan 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to determine the microbiological and chemical quality of halva samples obtained from retail markets and producers in the Marmara region.Design/methodology/approachHalva samples (120) were collected at intervals between March 2007 and February 2008. Samples were investigated for the microbiological (aerobic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, molds/yeasts, Salmonella spp. and staphylococcal enterotoxins) and chemical (sesame oil, protein, moisture, ash content, tahini, acidity, total sugar content and peroxide values) quality.FindingsOverall, 36.66 per cent (44/120) tahini halva samples were of unacceptable quality based on recommended criteria of microbiological (39 of 120, 32.5 per cent) and chemical quality (21 of 120, 17.5 per cent) by the Turkish Food Codex. Salmonella spp. and staphylococcal enterotoxins were not determined in the samples.Originality/valueTahini halva, which is one of the oldest traditional desserts and is popular in Middle Eastern and North African countries, has not been extensively investigated for microbiological safety. This study is important in the identification of risk factors for the presence of microorganisms and assessment of the quality of halva.
Applying quality function deployment in food safety management
Authors: Sweet Tim , Balakrishnan Jaydeep , Robertson Brad , Stolee Jennifer , Karim Sarah 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to report on a case study conducted to help plan a rollout process for hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) type food safety policies at a frozen pie facility in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.Design/methodology/approachExisting company policies were prioritized using a quality function deployment tool, which quantified the qualitative material in the original manual based on a number of developed criteria. Interrelations between the different required tasks were also quantified to facilitate effective implementation.FindingsThe use of quality function deployment was shown to be useful in speeding up the implementation of food safety policies in the facility.Practical implicationsQuality function deployment, originally from new product design, proved useful when applied to HACCP implementation.Originality/valueThis paper discusses the use of product development tools to facilitate the effective introduction of HACCP like procedures. Thus it will be of use to academics and practitioners interested in HACCP implementation.
Traceability in the Greek fresh produce sector: drivers and constraints
Authors: Manos Basil , Manikas Ioannis 
Published: May 2010

PurposeIn this paper, the key drivers and constraints for implementing traceability are examined in the Greek fresh produce supply chain. The main objective is to identify the main factors affecting the implementation of traceability schemes, under the current supply chain structure and evaluate the theoretical framework identified in the literature.Design/methodology/approachA specific executive research was conducted, including interviews with key representatives of the sector. The scope of the research was to collect qualitative data with the aid of an unstructured questionnaire with no close‐ended questions. The research sample included 22 agricultural cooperatives and private packinghouses located in northern Greece where the core value adding activities of the fresh produce supply chain are taking place. Northern Greece is of high importance for the examined sector as a high percentage of all value adding activities, from production to distribution, are taking place within this region.FindingsIn the fresh produce supply chains ephemeral dynamic collaborations prevail which do not allow particular transparency with regard to the exchange of information between their members. Severe inequities recognized between supply chain members regarding their ability to imply traceability systems effectively, their current technological and operational status and the availability to undertake the cost of investment in such systems. Tight profit margins and inadequate knowledge on potential benefits of traceability systems are reported as some of the main factors that hinder investments on sophisticated traceability schemes. Adequate labeling automation with the implementation of machine‐readable labeling technologies and the introduction of web‐based technologies as a low cost solution are estimated to improve fresh produce traceability and logistics efficiency.Originality/valueWithin a limited number of research papers on fresh produce traceability, there is no reference to the Greek produce sector. Thus, this paper progresses knowledge of the Greek produce industry regarding perspectives and key drivers for traceability implementation, supported by the thorough review of the literature.
Conceptualisation of management and leadership
Authors: Nienaber Hester 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe divide in the conceptualisation of the terms “management” and “leadership” is not clear. The purpose of this paper is to explore the concepts of management and leadership.Design/methodology/approachThe approach of the study followed a synthesis review and also applied content analysis, identifying the tasks constituting management and leadership respectively.FindingsThe findings of the literature review demonstrated that the concepts of management and leadership are intertwined. The word “management” has French and Italian roots, while the word “leadership” has Greek and Latin roots. Essentially, though, these words are synonymous. All of the tasks fall within the boundaries of management, while leadership tasks overlap with management. Unlike management, leadership has no distinct task that falls exclusively within its boundary.Practical implicationsImplications of the findings of the study include debate regarding how practising managers can know what is expected of them if the literature is unclear on the distinction between these concepts, and playing down the demonstrated need and relevance of management.Originality/valueThis paper is original as no previous work on management and leadership has attempted to compare the content of these concepts.
Exploring the impacts of intellectual property on intellectual capital and company performance
Authors: Namvar Morteza , Fathian Mohammad , Akhavan Peyman , Reza Gholamian Mohammad 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to empirically explore the effects of intellectual property (IP) on intellectual capital (IC) and firm performance in Iran.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire‐oriented survey from senior and top managers in the Iranian computer and electronic industry was utilized for regression analysis.FindingsThe findings indicate that IP significantly influences other dimensions of IC, which consists of human capital (HC), relational capital (RC) and structural capital (SC). The study also provides empirical evidence that gaining firm performance is positively related to these three elements of IC.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, more advanced statistical techniques with a larger number of respondents could be used to evaluate the regression equations. Second, the companies chosen for the study are from two specific and fairly similar industries in Iran. Thus, the results may not be applicable to other industries in different countries.Practical implicationsWith a broad view on IP that considers its creation, protection and utilization too, IP has a central role in knowledge‐based organizations to enhance competitive advantage.Originality/valueThis study builds on and extends the research made by Bollen et al., to link IP and IC to company performance. The paper focuses on the effects of IP on other parts of IC.
Internal and lateral communication in strategic alliance decision making
Authors: Butler Colin J. 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate differences in decision‐making processes between UK and non‐UK managers in the defence manufacturing industry.Design/methodology/approachA pilot study was conducted with a small number of firms in Yorkshire, UK. A large‐scale survey was conducted of 250 firms in the UK. The response rate was 60 per cent.FindingsDecision making is kept team‐orientated in larger firms with decision making autonomy in place for each team. The research demonstrates that leading firms drive best practice and best practice research disseminates globally through industry‐academic collaboration.Practical implicationsAlliances with leading firms will lead to the evolution of team‐based, programme structured decision making in UK‐non‐UK strategic alliances.Originality/valueGlobal managers learn from the experiences of team‐based programme structured decision makers.
Organizational design approaches in management consulting
Authors: Visscher Klaasjan , Irene J. 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to map the variety in organizational design approaches, to clarify their differences, and to find out what constitutes good designing in practice.Design/methodology/approachA series of in‐depth interviews with experienced, high‐reputation consultants is used to reconstruct organizational design practice.FindingsThe paper presents a typology with three organizational design approaches, stemming from different theoretical traditions. The paper demonstrates that the three approaches comprise both traditional design activities – analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation – experimental activities, and political activities, but that the emphasis, elaboration, rationale and order of these activities are very different for each approach.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provides a framework for further research on the contextualization of design processes, investigating which design approaches work under which conditions.Practical implicationsPractitioners can use the results of this study to clarify, improve and enrich their own approach of organizational designing.Originality/valueManagement literature contains many models of organization design processes, but empirical studies of these processes are rare, and not yet existing in the context of management consulting. The paper fills some of the gaps.
Organizational support for intrapreneurship and its interaction with human capital to enhance innovative performance
Authors: Alpkan Lutfihak , Bulut Cagri , Gunday Gurhan , Ulusoy Gunduz , Kilic Kemal 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate the direct and interactive effects of organizational support and human capital on the innovative performance of companies. Individual effects of the organizational support dimensions, namely: management support for generating and developing new business ideas, allocation of free time, convenient organizational structures concerning, in particular, decentralization level or decision‐making autonomy, appropriate use of incentives and rewards, and tolerance for trial‐and‐errors or failures in cases of creative undertakings or risky project implementations, are also to be investigated.Design/methodology/approachThe study develops and tests a theoretical research model where the organizational support dimensions are the independent variables, innovative performance is the dependent variable, and the human capital has a moderating role in this relationship, via a questionnaire study covering 184 manufacturing firms in Turkey.FindingsAmong the individual direct effects of the dimensions of organizational support, management support for idea development and tolerance for risk taking are found to exert positive effects on innovative performance. Availability of a performance based reward system and free time have no impact on innovativeness, while work discretion has a negative one. As for the role of human capital (HC), it is found to be an important driver of innovative performance especially when the OS is limited. However, when the levels of both HC and OS are high, innovative performance does not increase any further.Originality/valueTwo distinct research streams, namely organizational support literature and human capital literature, have already focused on their individual impacts on the innovative performance. However, a combination of these separate streams was not tried before. The paper discusses and investigates what will happen when both positive drivers interact with each other. Moreover, it also investigates how organizational support and human capital are complementary.
Influences of supplier capabilities and collaboration in new car development on competitive advantage of carmakers
Authors: Oh Joongsan , Rhee Seung‐Kyu 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThis study aims to investigate relationships among supplier capabilities, collaboration in new car development, and the competitive advantage of carmakers based on the resource‐based view (RBV).Design/methodology/approachA survey of first‐tier suppliers in the Korean automotive parts industry was conducted, and pertinent hypotheses were tested by using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method and hierarchical multiple regression analysis (HMRA).FindingsIt was found that suppliers' flexibility, engineering and modularization capabilities positively influence collaboration in new car development, which in turn positively affects the competitive advantage of carmakers. This result empirically verifies the RBV proposition that one motive for interfirm collaboration can be the opportunity to gain access to other firms' resources/capabilities. The theory of the RBV was further extended by demonstrating that suppliers' quality improvement and modularization capabilities directly contribute to the competitive advantage of carmakers and that the influence of quality improvement and modularization capabilities on this competitive advantage are robust against technological uncertainty. However, the positive effect of collaboration in new car development on the competitive advantage of carmakers is decreased by the moderating effect of technological uncertainty.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study were obtained from a limited population of the Korean automotive industry. This study not only empirically verified the proposition of the RBV but also extended the RBV theory by empirically demonstrating direct relationships between suppliers' capabilities and carmakers' competitive advantages.Practical implicationsSuppliers must enhance flexibility, modularization and engineering capabilities in order to vitalize collaboration with carmakers in new car development. As technological uncertainty increases, carmakers should address in‐house the problems caused by technological uncertainty or delegate related jobs only to suppliers with significant capabilities for quality improvement and modularization.Originality/valueThis is one of the few studies to identify the moderating effect of technological uncertainty on interfirm collaboration.
The analytic hierarchy process and analytic network process: an overview of applications
Authors: Sipahi Seyhan , Timor Mehpare 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a detailed literature review of the recent applications of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and analytic network process (ANP) group decision‐making methodologies.Design/methodology/approachAmong more than 600 related papers published in the period 2005‐2009, a total of 232 application articles published in highly reputed international academic journals were selected and referenced in this paper. Papers were categorized according to application areas, subject titles, publication date, country of origin, academic journals, and integrated methodologies, and are summarized herein by various tables and charts.FindingsThe findings show that during the years 2005‐2009, use of the AHP technique has continued to increase exponentially. Moreover, it is expected that ANP will gain more popularity in the future, as the benefits of ANP become better understood. Applications of AHP have been dominant in manufacturing, followed by the environmental management and agriculture field, power and energy industry, transportation industry, construction industry, and healthcare. Other remarkable application fields include education, logistics, e‐business, IT, R&D, telecommunication industry, finance and banking, urban management, defense industry and military, government, marketing, tourism and leisure, archaeology, auditing, and the mining industry.Research limitations/implicationsThe study does not consider theoretical based AHP or ANP articles. Also the search excluded conference proceedings, masters' theses, and doctoral dissertations.Practical implicationsIt is hoped that this study will guide practitioners in future work towards advancement of these techniques and will help the managers to select better decisions by making use of these methodologies.Originality/valueThe paper presents a comprehensive literature review of recent applications of AHP, and also ANP decision tools over the period 2005‐2009. Furthermore, the paper covers fuzzy AHP and fuzzy ANP extensions that are becoming popular methods in some application areas of traditional AHP and ANP.