bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion of Endogenous Indole-3-Butyric Acid to Indole-3-Acetic Acid Drives Cell Expansion in Arabidopsis Seedlings
Authors: Strader Lucia C. , Culler Angela Hendrickson , Cohen Jerry D. , Bartel Bonnie 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGenetic evidence in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) suggests that the auxin precursor indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is converted into active indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by peroxisomal β-oxidation; however, direct evidence that Arabidopsis converts IBA to IAA is lacking, and the role of IBA-derived IAA is not well understood. In this work, we directly demonstrated that Arabidopsis seedlings convert IBA to IAA. Moreover, we found that several IBA-resistant, IAA-sensitive mutants were deficient in IBA-to-IAA conversion, including the indole-3-butyric acid response1 (ibr1) ibr3 ibr10 triple mutant, which is defective in three enzymes likely to be directly involved in peroxisomal IBA β-oxidation. In addition to IBA-to-IAA conversion defects, the ibr1 ibr3 ibr10 triple mutant displayed shorter root hairs and smaller cotyledons than wild type; these cell expansion defects are suggestive of low IAA levels in certain tissues. Consistent with this possibility, we could rescue the ibr1 ibr3 ibr10 short-root-hair phenotype with exogenous auxin. A triple mutant defective in hydrolysis of IAA-amino acid conjugates, a second class of IAA precursor, displayed reduced hypocotyl elongation but normal cotyledon size and only slightly reduced root hair lengths. Our data suggest that IBA β-oxidation and IAA-amino acid conjugate hydrolysis provide auxin for partially distinct developmental processes and that IBA-derived IAA plays a major role in driving root hair and cotyledon cell expansion during seedling development.
Meta‐analysis: factors affecting placebo response rate in the irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Ford A. C. , Moayyedi P. 
Published: June 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 144–158SummaryBackground  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with a significant placebo response.Aim  To conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis examining the magnitude of placebo response rate in treatment trials for IBS.Methods  MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pharmacological therapies with placebo in adult IBS patients. Studies reported either global assessment of IBS symptom cure or improvement or abdominal pain cure or improvement. Data were extracted as intention‐to‐treat analyses with drop‐outs assumed to be treatment failures and pooled using a random‐effects model. Proportion of placebo patients experiencing symptom improvement or resolution was reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Effect of trial characteristics on magnitude of placebo response was examined.Results  In all, 73 RCTs were eligible, including 8364 patients with IBS allocated to placebo. Pooled placebo response rate across all RCTs was 37.5% (95% CI 34.4–40.6%). Rates were higher in European RCTs, RCTs that used physician‐reported outcomes and RCTs using shorter duration of therapy.Conclusions  Placebo response rates across RCTs of pharmacological therapies in IBS were high. Future research should identify patient characteristics predicting placebo response.
CASE REPORT: Dexmedetomidine for awake fibreoptic intubation and awake self‐positioning in a patient with a critically located cervical lesion for surgical removal of infra‐tentorial tumour
Authors: Sriganesh K. , Ramesh V. J. , Veena S. , Chandramouli B. A. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryCervical lesions compressing the spinal cord pose a significant risk of exacerbating the existing neurological condition during tracheal intubation and subsequent positioning. Awake fibreoptic‐assisted intubation is a suitable option in such situations. We describe how the use of dexmedetomidine for sedation during awake fibreoptic intubation also facilitated self‐positioning before surgery in a patient with a cervical cord compressive lesion and raised intracranial pressure undergoing excision of a cerebellopontine angle lesion in the lateral position, without any adverse neurological outcome.
The effect of fenofibrate on HDL cholesterol and HDL particle concentration in postmenopausal women on tibolone therapy
Authors: Stuckey B. G. A. , Barrett P. H. R. , Wagner J. M. , Hampton R. A. , Chan D. C. , Brown S. J. , Watts G. F. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryBackground  Low high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and particle concentration are risk factors for coronary heart disease in women. Tibolone lowers HDL cholesterol and HDL particle concentration, an effect that could be reversed by the peroxisome proliferator‐activator receptor‐α agonist fenofibrate.Objective  To assess the effects of fenofibrate on plasma HDL particles in postmenopausal women taking tibolone therapy.Design and participants  Randomized crossover study conducted in a women’s health clinic. Fourteen postmenopausal women taking tibolone 2·5 mg daily for menopausal symptoms were randomized to either fenofibrate 160 mg daily or no treatment for 8 weeks, followed by a 3‐ week wash‐out for fenofibrate and then crossed over to alternate therapy for another 8 weeks. The main outcome measure was changes in plasma HDL cholesterol concentration, apoA‐I and apoA‐II, LpA‐I and LpA‐I‐A‐II.Results  After 8 weeks of fenofibrate therapy, there was no change in HDL cholesterol, 1·13 ± 0·06 v 1·16 ± 0·06 mmol/l (P = 0·47) or apoA‐I, 1·19 ± 0·05 v 1·20 ± 0·05 g/l (P = 0·23). LpA‐I fell significantly 0·35 ± 0·03 v 0·29 ± 0·02 (P = 0·02) but there was a rise in apoA‐II, 0·35 ± 0·01 v 0·39 ± 0·01 g/l (P = 0·01). There was a significant fall in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoB.Conclusion  In women taking tibolone, fenofibrate increases plasma apoA‐II concentration and effects a redistribution of HDL subfractions but does not correct tibolone‐induced changes in HDL cholesterol or HDL particle concentration. The mechanism and significance of this require further investigation.
Temperature extremes and butterfly fitness: conflicting evidence from life history and immune function
Authors: KARL ISABELL , STOKS ROBBY , DE BLOCK MARJAN , JANOWITZ SUSANN A. , FISCHER KLAUS 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGlobal warming and its associated increase in temperature extremes pose a substantial challenge on natural systems. Tropical ectotherms, living close to their (upper) critical thermal limits, may be particularly vulnerable to global warming, yet they are as a group understudied. Most studies assessing fitness effects under global warming focused on life‐history correlates such as body size and largely neglected immune function. Furthermore they did not consider to what extent temperature effects may be modulated under resource‐based trade‐offs. Against this background we here investigate effects of temperature extremes on fitness‐related adult traits (viz. body mass, fat content, and two key parameters of arthropod immune function: phenoloxidase (PO) activity and haemocyte numbers) at different levels of larval and adult food stress in the tropical butterflyBicyclus anynana. Body mass and PO activity decreased after short‐term larval food stress, but not fat content and haemocyte numbers (probably owing to compensatory mechanisms during further development). Longer‐term food deprivation in the adult stage, in contrast, diminished performance throughout, confirming that the feeding treatments chosen imposed stress. Temperature manipulations yielded contrary responses between life‐history correlates and immune function: while body mass and fat content increased by increasing temperatures, PO activity and haemocyte numbers decreased. The latter was particularly pronounced under adult food stress, suggesting a resource‐allocation trade‐off. Our data suggest that global warming will not only reduce performance through direct effects of thermal stress, but also through secondary effects on adult immune function, which may be missed when exclusively focussing on other life‐history correlates.
Old and stable soil organic matter is not necessarily chemically recalcitrant: implications for modeling concepts and temperature sensitivity
Authors: KLEBER MARKUS , NICO PETER S. , PLANTE ALAIN , FILLEY TIMOTHY , KRAMER MARC , SWANSTON CHRISTOPHER , SOLLINS PHILLIP 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSoil carbon turnover models generally divide soil carbon into pools with varying intrinsic decomposition rates. Although these decomposition rates are modified by factors such as temperature, texture, and moisture, they are rationalized by assuming chemical structure is a primary controller of decomposition. In the current work, we use near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy in combination with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and alkaline cupric oxide (CuO) oxidation to explore this assumption. Specifically, we examined material from the 2.3–2.6 kg L−1 density fraction of three soils of different type (Oxisol, Alfisol, Inceptisol). The density fraction with the youngest 14C age (Oxisol, 107 years) showed the highest relative abundance of aromatic groups and the lowest O‐alkyl C/aromatic C ratio as determined by NEXAFS. Conversely, the fraction with the oldest C (Inceptisol, 680 years) had the lowest relative abundance of aromatic groups and highest O‐alkyl C/aromatic C ratio. This sample also had the highest proportion of thermally labile materials as measured by DSC, and the highest ratio of substituted fatty acids to lignin phenols as indicated by CuO oxidation. Therefore, the organic matter of the Inceptisol sample, with a 14C age associated with ‘passive’ pools of carbon (680 years), had the largest proportion of easily metabolizable organic molecules with low thermodynamic stability, whereas the organic matter of the much younger Oxisol sample (107 years) had the highest proportion of supposedly stable organic structures considered more difficult to metabolize. Our results demonstrate that C age is not necessarily related to molecular structure or thermodynamic stability, and we suggest that soil carbon models would benefit from viewing turnover rate as codetermined by the interaction between substrates, microbial actors, and abiotic driving variables. Furthermore, assuming that old carbon is composed of complex or ‘recalcitrant’ compounds will erroneously attribute a greater temperature sensitivity to those materials than they may actually possess.
On microrefugia and cryptic refugia
Authors: Rull Valentí 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe existence of microrefugia and/or cryptic refugia has been proposed to explain the colonization patterns of temperate continents after the Last Glacial Maximum, as well as to gain an understanding of the present genetic structure of species and their populations. The concepts ‘microrefugia’ and ‘cryptic refugia’ largely overlap but do not fully coincide, which may lead to terminological duplication and eventual semantic misconceptions. Here, after a terminological and conceptual analysis, it is proposed that most situations currently characterized as cryptic refugia can be accommodated within the definition of microrefugia, with one single exception, for which some alternative terms are suggested. Moreover, the concept and definition of cryptic refugia are considered to be more imprecise, perishable and subjective than those of microrefugia, which is the preferred term in the current context.
Functional amyloid in Pseudomonas
Authors: Dueholm Morten S. , Petersen Steen V. , Sønderkær Mads , Larsen Poul , Christiansen Gunna , Hein Kim L. , Enghild Jan J. , Nielsen Jeppe L. , Nielsen Kåre L. , Nielsen Per H. , Otzen Daniel E. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryAmyloids are highly abundant in many microbial biofilms and may play an important role in their architecture. Nevertheless, little is known of the amyloid proteins. We report the discovery of a novel functional amyloid expressed by a Pseudomonas strain of the P. fluorescens group. The amyloid protein was purified and the amyloid‐like structure verified. Partial sequencing by MS/MS combined with full genomic sequencing of the Pseudomonas strain identified the gene coding for the major subunit of the amyloid fibril, termed fapC. FapC contains a thrice repeated motif that differs from those previously found in curli fimbrins and prion proteins. The lack of aromatic residues in the repeat shows that aromatic side chains are not needed for efficient amyloid formation. In contrast, glutamine and asparagine residues seem to play a major role in amyloid formation as these are highly conserved in curli, prion proteins and FapC. fapC is conserved in many Pseudomonas strains including the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa and is situated in a conserved operon containing six genes, of which one encodes a fapC homologue. Heterologous expression of the fapA–F operon in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) resulted in a highly aggregative phenotype, showing that the operon is involved in biofilm formation.
Constitutive salicylic acid defences do not compromise seed yield, drought tolerance and water productivity in the Arabidopsis accession C24
Authors: BECHTOLD ULRIKE , LAWSON TRACY , MEJIA‐CARRANZA JAIME , MEYER RHONDA C. , BROWN IAN R. , ALTMANN THOMAS , TON JURRIAAN , MULLINEAUX PHILIP M. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTPlants that constitutively express otherwise inducible disease resistance traits often suffer a depressed seed yield in the absence of a challenge by pathogens. This has led to the view that inducible disease resistance is indispensable, ensuring that minimal resources are diverted from growth, reproduction and abiotic stress tolerance. The Arabidopsis genotype C24 has enhanced basal resistance, which was shown to be caused by permanent expression of normally inducible salicylic acid (SA)‐regulated defences. However, the seed yield of C24 was greatly enhanced in comparison to disease‐resistant mutants that display identical expression of SA defences. Under both water‐replete and ‐limited conditions, C24 showed no difference and increased seed yield, respectively, in comparison with pathogen‐susceptible genotypes. C24 was the most drought‐tolerant genotype and showed elevated water productivity, defined as seed yield per plant per millilitre water consumed, and achieved this by displaying adjustments to both its development and transpiration efficiency (TE). Therefore, constitutive high levels of disease resistance in C24 do not affect drought tolerance, seed yield and seed viability. This study demonstrates that it will be possible to combine traits that elevate basal disease resistance and improve water productivity in crop species, and such traits need not be mutually exclusive.
Photosynthesis and metabolism interact during acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana to high irradiance and sulphur depletion
Authors: WULFF‐ZOTTELE CRISTIÁN , GATZKE NICOLE , KOPKA JOACHIM , ORELLANA ARIEL , HOEFGEN RAINER , FISAHN JOACHIM , HESSE HOLGER 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT Arabidopsis plants were exposed to high light or sulphur depletion alone or in combination for 6 d, and changes of photosynthetic parameters and metabolite abundances were quantified. Photosynthetic electron transport rates (ETRs) of plants exposed to sulphur depletion and high light decreased strongly at day 2 of the acclimation period. After 3 d of treatment, the photosynthetic capacity recovered in plants exposed to the combined stresses, indicating a short recovery time for re‐adjustment of photosynthesis. However, at metabolic level, the stress combination had a profound effect on central metabolic pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycolysis, pentose phosphate cycle and large parts of amino acid metabolism. Under these conditions, central metabolites, such as sugars and their phosphates, increased, while sulphur‐containing compounds were decreased. Further differential responses were found for the stress indicator proline accumulating already at day 1 of the high‐light regime, but in combination with sulphur depletion first declined and after a recovery phase reached a delayed elevated level. Other metabolites such as raffinose and putrescine seem to replace proline during the early combinatorial stress response and may act as alternative protectants. Our findings support the notion that plants integrate the selectively sensed stress factors in central metabolism.
Cardiopulmonary manifestations of portovenous shunts from congenital absence of the portal vein: Pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular dilatation
Authors: Law Y. M. , Mack C. L. , Sokol R. J. , Rice M. , Parsley L. , Ivy D. 
Published: June 2010

Law YM, Mack CL, Sokol RJ, Rice M, Parsley L, Ivy D. Cardiopulmonary manifestations of portovenous shunts from congenital absence of the portal vein: Pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular dilatation.  Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: E162–E168. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  HPS and PPHTN are unusual and challenging pulmonary manifestations of liver disease. We report two pediatric cases in association with heterotaxy polysplenia syndrome and congenital absence of the portal vein. Both patients were symptomatic and hemodynamically compromised and required aggressive medical therapy. One patient with PPHTN alone achieved a successful liver transplant. The second child presented with combined HPS and PPHTN and exhibited a different evolution of pulmonary vascular disease. These cases illustrate associations that must be entertained in the setting of heterotaxy syndrome, cyanosis, or pulmonary hypertension and how strategic medical combined with surgical management can provide a good outcome.
Valnoctamide as a valproate substitute with low teratogenic potential in mania: a double‐blind, controlled, add‐on clinical trial
Authors: Bersudsky Y , Applebaum J , Gaiduk Y , Sharony L , Mishory A , Podberezsky A , Agam G , Belmaker RH 
Published: June 2010

Bersudsky Y, Applebaum J, Gaiduk Y, Sharony L, Mishory A, Podberezsky A, Agam G, Belmaker RH. Valnoctamide as a valproate substitute with low teratogenic potential in mania: a double‐blind, controlled, add‐on clinical trial. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 376–382. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Valproic acid’s well‐known teratogenicity limits its use in women of childbearing age. Valnoctamide is an analog of valproate that does not undergo biotransformation to the corresponding free acid. In mice, valnoctamide has been shown to be distinctly less teratogenic than valproate. Valnoctamide is an anticonvulsant, and we hypothesized that valnoctamide is antimanic.Methods:  We performed a double‐blind, five‐week, add‐on, controlled trial of valnoctamide in mania. Patients were treated with risperidone at doses of the physician’s discretion. Valnoctamide or placebo was begun at doses of 600 mg/day and increased to 1200 mg after four days. Weekly ratings by a psychiatrist blind to the study drug were conducted using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI).Results:  Fifteen valnoctamide patients and 17 placebo patients completed at least one post‐baseline week and were included in data analysis. In all efficacy measures valnoctamide was more effective than placebo as an add‐on to risperidone, using two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with time as the within‐subject factor. Two‐way ANOVA showed a significant effect of time (p < 0.001) and significant interaction between treatment and time (YMRS: p = 0.012; BPRS: p = 0.007; CGI: p = 0.003). Differences between valnoctamide and placebo were significant from week 3 to week 5.Conclusion:  Valnoctamide could be an important valproate substitute for women of childbearing age with bipolar disorder who may become pregnant.
Cortical and subcortical white matter abnormalities in adults with remitted first‐episode mania revealed by Tract‐Based Spatial Statistics
Authors: Chan Wai‐Yen , Yang Guo‐Liang , Chia Ming‐Ying , Woon Puay‐San , Lee Jimmy , Keefe Richard , Sitoh Yih‐Yian , Nowinski Wieslaw Lucjan , Sim Kang 
Published: June 2010

Chan W‐Y, Yang G‐L, Chia M‐Y, Woon P‐S, Lee J, Keefe R, Sitoh Y‐Y, Nowinski WL, Sim K. Cortical and subcortical white matter abnormalities in adults with remitted first‐episode mania revealed by Tract‐Based Spatial Statistics. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 383–389. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Abnormalities of brain white matter have been noted in structural magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies of bipolar disorder, but there are fewer investigations specifically examining white matter integrity early in the course of illness. In this study, we employed DTI to elucidate white matter changes in adult patients with remitted first‐episode mania and hypothesized that first‐episode mania was associated with decreased fractional anisotropy in cortical (frontal) and subcortical (thalamus, striatum) white matter as well as white matter tracts (cingulum, corpus callosum).Methods:  Diffusion tensor images were acquired from 16 patients with remitted first‐episode mania and 16 healthy controls matched for age, gender, handedness, and years of education. Fractional anisotropy and radial and axial diffusivities were analyzed using Tract‐Based Spatial Statistics.Results:  Patients had lower fractional anisotropy and higher radial diffusivity in the left anterior frontal white matter, right posterior thalamic radiation, left cingulum, and bilateral sagittal striatum. In addition, increased radial diffusivity was found in the left corpus callosum.Conclusion:  Our findings highlighted that white matter abnormalities were present by the time of remission of first‐episode mania. The widespread occurrence of these white matter abnormalities both in first‐episode mania and chronic bipolar disorder suggested that disruption of white matter cortical‐subcortical networks as well as projection, associative, and commissural tracts is a hallmark of the illness.