bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral and Normal Forces in Polymer‐Mediated Interaction of Alumina Surfaces
Authors: Yilmaz Hüseyin , Sato Kimiyasu , Sato Katsuya , Hotta Yuji , Watari Koji 
Published: June 2011

Polymer‐mediated interaction forces between an α‐alumina particle and c‐sapphire surfaces in methylcellulose solutions were measured by the atomic force microscope colloid probe technique. The effect of water soluble methylcellulose on normal and lateral surface forces was probed to understand the binding action of methylcellulose polymers. Methylcellulose bridgings up to ~300 nm in length have been measured. However, pretreatment of surfaces with NH4+ salt of poly(acrylic acid) resulted in fewer bridging events, probably due to preferential adsorption. The presence of methylcellulose bridging in friction loops was also measured in the form of superimposed spikes.
Transcriptional insights on the regenerative mechanics of axotomized neurons in vitro
Authors: Ng Jian Ming Jeremy , Chen Minghui Jessica , Leung Jacqueline Y.K. , Peng Zhao Feng , Manikandan Jayapal , Qi Robert Z. , Chuah Meng Inn , West Adrian K. , Vickers James C. , Lu Jia , Cheung Nam Sang , Chung Roger S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAxotomized neurons have the innate ability to undergo regenerative sprouting but this is often impeded by the inhibitory central nervous system environment. To gain mechanistic insights into the key molecular determinates that specifically underlie neuronal regeneration at a transcriptomic level, we have undertaken a DNA microarray study on mature cortical neuronal clusters maintained in vitro at 8, 15, 24 and 48 hrs following complete axonal severance. A total of 305 genes, each with a minimum fold change of ±1.5 for at least one out of the four time points and which achieved statistical significance (one‐way ANOVA, P < 0.05), were identified by DAVID and classified into 14 different functional clusters according to Gene Ontology. From our data, we conclude that post‐injury regenerative sprouting is an intricate process that requires two distinct pathways. Firstly, it involves restructuring of the neurite cytoskeleton, determined by compound actin and microtubule dynamics, protein trafficking and concomitant modulation of both guidance cues and neurotrophic factors. Secondly, it elicits a cell survival response whereby genes are regulated to protect against oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular ion imbalance. Our data reveal that neurons have the capability to fight insults by elevating biological antioxidants, regulating secondary messengers, suppressing apoptotic genes, controlling ion‐associated processes and by expressing cell cycle proteins that, in the context of neuronal injury, could potentially have functions outside their normal role in cell division. Overall, vigilant control of cell survival responses against pernicious secondary processes is vital to avoid cell death and ensure successful neurite regeneration.
Accuracy of cone beam computed tomography in assessing peri‐implant bone defect regeneration: a histologically controlled study in dogs
Authors: Fienitz Tim , Schwarz Frank , Ritter Lutz , Dreiseidler Timo , Becker Juergen , Rothamel Daniel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective: To assess the accuracy of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) in terms of buccal bone‐wall configuration and peri‐implant bone defect regeneration after guided bone regeneration (GBR).Material and methods: Titanium implants were inserted into standardized box‐shaped defects in the mandible of 12 foxhounds. Defects of one side were augmented following the principle of GBR, while the other side was left untreated. Radiological evaluation was performed using CBCT and compared with histomorphometrical measurements of the respective site serving as a validation method.Results: Non‐augmented control sites providing a horizontal bone width (BW) of<0.5 mm revealed a significantly lower accuracy between the radiological and the histological evaluation of the buccal defect depth (1.93 ± 1.59 mm) compared with the group providing a BW of >0.5 mm (0.7 ± 0.7 mm) (P<0.05, Mann–Whitney U‐test). In GBR‐treated defects, the subgroup <0.5 mm (1.49 ± 1.29 mm) revealed a significantly higher difference between CBCT and histology compared with >0.5 mm (0.82 ± 1.07) (P>0.05, Mann–Whitney U‐test). However, a radiological discrimination between original bone, integrated and non‐integrated bone substitute material was not reliable. Additionally, it was found that a minimum buccal BW of 0.5 mm was necessary for the detection of bone in radiology.Conclusion: The evaluation of peri‐implant bone defect regeneration by means of CBCT is not accurate for sites providing a BW of <0.5 mm. Moreover, a safe assessment of the success of the GBR technique is not possible after the application of a radiopaque bone substitute material.To cite this article: Fienitz T, Schwarz F, Ritter L, Dreiseidler T, Becker J, Rothamel D. Accuracy of cone beam computed tomography in assessing peri‐implant bone defect regeneration: a histologically controlled study in dogs. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 882–887. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02232.x
Innate Immunity in the Human Endometrium and Ovary
Authors: Sheldon Iain Martin , Bromfield John J. 
Published: July 2011

Citation Sheldon IM, Bromfield JJ. Innate Immunity in the Human Endometrium and Ovary. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66 (Suppl. 1): 63–71Problem  Microbial infections of the upper female genital tract perturb the function of the endometrium and ovary. Defense of these tissues is predominantly dependent on innate immunity. This review gives a perspective on innate immunity in the non‐pregnant upper female genital tract of women.Method of study  Literature review of innate immunity in the human endometrium and ovary.Results  The endometrium is defended against microbes by physical barriers, antimicrobial peptides, complement, Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), and other pattern recognition receptors. Endometrial epithelial and stromal cells express TLRs, which sense pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), leading to an inflammatory response with the influx of neutrophils and macrophages. Innate immunity in the endometrium is regulated by steroids, eicosanoids, and cytokines. Granulosa cells also express TLRs and respond to PAMPs.Conclusion  Pattern recognition receptors have roles in endometrial and ovarian inflammation, and innate immunity is central to the defense of the endometrium against pathogens.
Childhood Immune Maturation and Allergy Development: Regulation by Maternal Immunity and Microbial Exposure
Authors: Jenmalm Maria C. 
Published: July 2011

Citation Jenmalm MC. Childhood Immune Maturation and Allergy Development: Regulation by Maternal Immunity and Microbial Exposure. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66 (Suppl. 1): 75–80Problem  The increasing allergy prevalence in affluent countries may be caused by reduced microbial stimulation, resulting in an abnormal post‐natal immune maturation. Most studies investigating the underlying mechanisms have focused on post‐natal microbial exposure. Also, the maternal microbial environment during pregnancy may program the immune development of the child, however.Method of study  This review focuses on how maternal immunity and microbial exposures regulate childhood immune and allergy development.Results  Prenatal environmental exposures may alter gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms, aiming to induce physiological adaptations to the anticipated post‐natal environment, but potentially also increasing disease susceptibility in the offspring. Although the importance of fetal programming mostly has been studied in cardiovascular and metabolic disease, this hypothesis is also very attractive in the context of environmentally influenced immune‐mediated diseases.Conclusion  Efficacious preventive measures, required to combat the allergy epidemic, may be identified by determining how the immune interaction between mother and child is influenced by microbial factors.
Maternal Foxp3 Expressing CD4+ CD25+ and CD4+ CD25− Regulatory T‐Cell Populations are Enriched in Human Early Normal Pregnancy Decidua: A Phenotypic Study of Paired Decidual and Peripheral Blood Samples
Authors: Dimova Tanya , Nagaeva Olga , Stenqvist Ann‐Christin , Hedlund Malin , Kjellberg Lennart , Strand Magnus , Dehlin Eva , Mincheva‐Nilsson Lucia 
Published: July 2011

Citation Dimova T, Nagaeva O, Stenqvist A‐Christin, Hedlund M, Kjellberg L, Strand M, Dehlin E, Mincheva‐Nilsson L. Maternal Foxp3 Expressing CD4+ CD25+ and CD4+ CD25− Regulatory T‐Cell Populations are Enriched in Human Early Normal Pregnancy Decidua: A Phenotypic Study of Paired Decidual and Peripheral Blood Samples. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66 (Suppl. 1): 44–56Problem  Regulatory T cells (Treg cells), a small subset of CD4+ T cells maintaining tolerance by immunosuppression, are proposed contributors to the survival of the fetal semiallograft. We investigated Treg cells in paired decidual and peripheral blood (PB) samples from healthy women in early pregnancy and PB samples from non‐pregnant women.Method of study  Distribution, location, cytokine mRNA, and phenotype were assessed in CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells from paired samples using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR.Results  The presence and in situ distribution of CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg cells in decidua are hereby demonstrated for the first time. Three Foxp3+ cell populations, CD4+ CD25++ Foxp3+, CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+, and CD4+ CD25− Foxp3+, were enriched locally in decidua. In contrast, no statistically significant difference in numbers of circulating Treg cells between pregnant and non‐pregnant women was found. The Foxp3+ cells expressed the surface molecules CD45RO, CTLA‐4, CD103, Neuropilin‐1, LAG‐3, CD62L, and TGFβ1 mRNA consistent with Treg phenotype. The population of CD4+ CD25− Foxp3+ cells, not described in human decidua before, was enriched 10‐fold compared with PB in paired samples. Their cytokine expression was often similar to Th3 profile, and the Foxp3 mRNA expression level in CD4+ CD25− cells was stable and comparable to that of CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells implying that the majority of CD4+ CD25− Foxp3+ cells might be naïve Treg cells.Conclusion  (i) There is a local enrichment of Treg cells in decidua (ii) The exclusive accumulation of decidual CD4+ CD25− Foxp3+ cells suggests an additional reservoir of Foxp3+ naïve Treg cells that can be converted to ‘classical’ Treg cells in uterus.
Functional variants of IL4 and IL6 genes and risk of tobacco‐related oral carcinoma in high‐risk Asian Indians
Authors: Gaur P , Mittal M , Mohanti BK , Das SN 
Published: June 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 720–726Background:  Tobacco‐related oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers involving Indian males. We assessed the association of IL4 promoter –589 T>C, –33 T>C, and IL6–174 G>C functional genetic polymorphisms with tobacco‐related OSCC in Asian Indians.Patients and Methods:  The IL4 and IL6 promoter polymorphisms were assessed in 140 patients with OSCC and 120 normal subjects by PCR–RFLP technique, and significance of the data was determined using chi‐square test.Results:  The frequency of TC, CC genotype, and C allele at IL4 promoter sites –589 and –33 were higher in patients when compared with controls. Consequently, TC/CC genotypes and C allele at both sites appeared as susceptible. However, IL6–174 G>C single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) appeared to be protective in patients with OSCC. Of eight haplotypes, five were associated with two‐ to seven‐fold increased risk of tobacco‐related OSCC. These SNPs further showed heterogeneity among different ethnic population, but their distribution in Asian Indians stand closer to other Asian populations.Conclusions:  In this study, IL4–589 CC, –33 CC genotype, and *C allele at both sites appeared to be susceptible, while IL6–174 CC genotype and *C allele appeared to be protective in patients with OSCC; hence, these SNPs may be a potential prognostic markers for tobacco‐related OSCC in Asian Indians.
Reliability of energy cost calculations in children with cerebral palsy, cystic fibrosis and healthy controls
Authors: Bratteby Tollerz Linda U , Olsson Roger M , Forslund Anders H , Norrlin Simone E 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAim:  To study test–retest reliability of physiological cost index (PCI) and total cost index (TCI) in three groups of children. TCI modified PCI by excluding rest heart rate in calculation.Methods:  Energy cost was evaluated from two consecutive walking tests, and results were compared between methods, tests and groups. Thirty‐nine children, eight with cerebral palsy, 11 with cystic fibrosis and 20 healthy controls, aged 5–16 years participated in the study conducted at the Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism laboratory, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. Heart rate was recorded during sitting and walking at self‐selected speed. PCI and TCI were calculated using both non‐steady‐state and steady‐state work heart rates. Test–retest reliability was analysed by mean of differences, pooled SD, coefficient of variation (CV%) and correlation coefficients.Results:  Reliability was high for PCI and TCI. TCI showed consistently lower variation between tests than PCI for all groups. In the group with cerebral palsy, using non‐steady‐state showed highest reliability.Conclusion:  Both PCI and TCI were reliable methods when calculating energy cost in children with cerebral palsy, cystic fibrosis and controls. TCI seemed to be a suitable alternative in the evaluation of gait efficiency in children.
Understanding the psychology of geriatric edentulous patients
Authors: Mysore Ashwin R. , Aras Meena A. 
Published: June 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00496.xUnderstanding the psychology of geriatric edentulous patientsObjective:  This article focuses on understanding our older patients who require complete prosthodontic care. By breaking down the patient psychology to its component parts, it is easier to obtain a clear picture of this special cohort of patients. Considering the increase in number of geriatric edentulous patients, this knowledge will help the dentist serve the geriatric population better.Background:  The role of psychology and personality in complete denture treatment is well documented. The geriatric patient who needs complete dentures has a psychological aspect that needs consideration. Although significant, these aspects may sometimes be ignored or considered irrelevant.Materials and methods:  A review of relevant literature was carried out to obtain data on the psychology and personality of geriatric, complete denture patients and their behavioural changes. The obtained data was filtered and condensed to provide a short but comprehensive look at the geriatric edentulous patient’s psychology.Conclusion:  When handling geriatric edentulous patients, the dentist must be confident of addressing and managing the psychology of these patients. A thorough understanding of the geriatric mental state thus becomes important and significant for the clinician.
Patient Poets: Pathography in Poetry
Authors: McEntyre Marilyn 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFor people suffering from illness or disability poetry can provide a powerful means both of coping and of communicating the ambiguities and inexplicabilities of their condition. Caregivers may find in poems written by patients kinds of information not accessible by means of conventional clinical dialogue, or even by means of narrative. The three poems by women that are featured here illustrate some of the ways poetic techniques and literary devices can be of practical value to both patient and caregiver, and offer all readers ways of imagining illness that could be arrived at in no other way.
Evolution of aged persons mental health services in Victoria: The history behind their development
Authors: Loi Samantha , Hassett Anne 
Published: July 2011

Aims:  This paper aims to describe the development of psychiatry of old age in Victoria, Australia, from the 1950s to the present. Social and political aspects which contributed to service development are discussed.Methods:  A qualitative, narrative literature review was undertaken.Conclusions:  Today there is a comprehensive statewide aged persons mental health service, comprising of inpatient and residential units and community teams.
Incorporating teledermatology into emergency medicine
Authors: Muir Jim , Xu Cathy , Paul Sanjoy , Staib Andrew , McNeill Iain , Singh Philip , Davidson Samantha , Soyer H Peter , Sinnott Michael 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of using a store‐and‐forward Skin Emergency Telemedicine Service (SETS) to provide rapid specialist diagnostic and management advice for dermatological cases in an ED.Methods: This pilot study was conducted at the Princess Alexandra Hospital between August 2008 and August 2009. Study subjects were consenting patients over 18 years of age who presented with a dermatological condition to the ED. The ED doctor sent the patient's history, examination findings and the digital images of the skin conditions to a secure email address, which automatically forwarded this to the teledermatologist. The teledermatologist reviewed the cases and sent advice on diagnosis and management to the referring ED doctor via email and/or telephone. Face‐to‐face follow‐up consultations with the patients were conducted within 2 weeks. The diagnostic and management concordance between ED doctors, teledermatologists and reviewing dermatologists were analysed.Results: A total of 60 patients participated in the present study. SETS provided a rapid response with 56 (93%) of ED consultations receiving a dermatology opinion within 2 h. Face‐to‐face follow up occurred in 50 patients (83%). Statistical analysis showed significant levels of agreement between tele‐diagnosis and ED diagnosis of 71.2% (Kappa 0.42) and tele‐diagnosis and final clinical diagnosis of 98% (Kappa: 0.93). The clinical management concordance was 96% in complete agreement and 4% in relative agreement between the teledermatologists and reviewing dermatologists, based on chart review.Conclusion: The present study has shown that SETS can provide rapid and accurate diagnostic and treatment advice from a specialist for dermatological presentations to the ED.
War, Sports, and the Construction of Masculinity in American Christianity
Authors: Dowland Seth 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSince at least the late 19th century, American Christians have focused attention on the ways faith promotes (or inhibits) masculinity. ‘Muscular Christians’ in the late 19th century imagined Jesus as a robust, manly figure and encouraged the development of a vigorous, masculine faith on playing fields and battlefields. Subsequent generations of mainline Protestants and evangelicals also promoted American war efforts and latched on to amateur and professional athletics, even though critics pointed out how Christians ignored the violence, corruption, and scandal associated with the army and big‐time sports. The alliance of evangelical Christians and masculine institutions like the military and professional football has solidified in recent decades.
Writing the History of the English Bible: A Review of Recent Scholarship
Authors: Bagley Ellie G. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn honor of the 400th anniversary of the King James Bible (KJB), this article reviews recent scholarship in the growing, interdisciplinary field of the history and impact of the English Bible. Beginning with the early versions of the 16th and 17th century, the contributions of literary scholars and early modern historians are explained and assessed. While the rise of the KJB is given ample consideration, emerging work in other areas is also discussed, including Catholic biblical scholarship. In later periods, the global impact of the KJB and its subsequent decline in use is given attention, alongside newer versions both in traditional printed and online formats.
Platelet activation, coagulation activation and C‐reactive protein in simultaneous samples from the vascular access and peripheral veins of haemodialysis patients
Authors: MILBURN J. A. , FORD I. , CASSAR K. , FLUCK N. , BRITTENDEN J. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryIntroduction:  Most studies of haemodialysis (HD) patients compare venous blood samples from controls with samples from the vascular access (VA) of HD patients. We hypothesised that VA samples may be more prothrombotic compared with venous samples.Methods:  Samples were taken simultaneously from the VA and the contralateral antecubital vein, from 26 patients immediately before HD. Platelet function was assessed by (1) flow cytometric measurement of P‐selectin expression and fibrinogen binding (±ADP) and 2)Ultegra rapid platelet function assay. Plasma soluble P‐selectin, von Willebrand factor antigen, high sensitivity C‐reactive Protein (hs‐CRP), thrombin‐antithrombin III complex and D‐dimer measured by ELISA.Results:  Thrombin receptor activating peptide‐induced platelet aggregation (P < 0.001) and hs‐CRP (P < 0.001) were higher in VA compared with venous samples. Unstimulated platelet fibrinogen binding (P = 0.016) and ADP‐stimulated P‐selectin expression (P = 0.008) were lower in VA compared with venous samples. The significant difference in hsCRP persisted when patients taking and not taking antiplatelet therapy were analysed separately, but platelet activation remained significantly different only in the nonantiplatelet group.Conclusion:  There are statistically significant differences between sampling sites, although samples from the VA do not appear to be more pro‐thrombotic. Future studies comparing HD patients with controls should ensure uniformity of sampling sites to prevent inaccurate conclusions being drawn.
Teletransmitted Monitoring of Blood Pressure and Bilingual Nurse Counseling–Sustained Improvements in Blood Pressure Control During 12 Months in Hypertensive Korean Americans
Authors: Kim Miyong T. , Han Hae‐Ra , Hedlin Haley , Kim Jiyun , Song Hee J. , Kim Kim B. , Hill Martha N. 
Published: June 2011

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2011;13:605–612.©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This paper reports the results of a clinical investigation to determine the sustainability of intervention effects to lower blood pressure (BP) that were obtained through a short‐term education via home telemonitoring of BP and regular counseling by bilingual nurses during 1 year. A total of 359 middle‐aged (40–64 years) Korean immigrants completed a 15‐month intervention that consisted of 6‐week behavioral education followed by home telemonitoring of BP and bilingual nurse telephone counseling for 12 months. The final analysis revealed a sharp increase in BP control rates sustained for more than 12 months. At baseline, only 30% of the sample achieved BP control (<140/90 mm Hg). After the initial education period (approximately 3 months), 73.3% of the participants had controlled BP levels. The levels of control were maintained and continuously improved during a 12‐month follow‐up period (83.2%, P<.001). These findings suggest that home telemonitoring of BP and tailored counseling are both useful tools to sustain or improve short‐term education effects.