bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stand by me: The effects of peer and teacher support in mitigating the impact of bullying on quality of life
Authors: Flaspohler Paul D. , Elfstrom Jennifer L. , Vanderzee Karin L. , Sink Holli E. , Birchmeier Zachary 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBullying is one of the most common forms of school violence. Engagement in bullying has been shown to have adverse effects on perpetrators and victims of bullying. In this study, the impact of bullying on well‐being (quality of life/life satisfaction) was explored in a sample of elementary and middle school children (N = 4,331). Results suggest that students who bully and/or are bullied experience reduced life satisfaction and support from peers and teachers compared to “bystanders” (children who are neither victims nor perpetrators of bullying). Mediational analyses demonstrate that peer and teacher support might mitigate the impact of bullying on the quality of life of victims. This study underscores the value of efforts to promote social support from peers and teachers in both universal bullying prevention programs and school climate initiatives. Furthermore, results support further investigation into the possible contributions of bystanders in supporting school‐wide bullying prevention/school climate strategies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of high fluorescent silica hybrid materials by immobilization of orange peel extract in silica‐silsesquioxane matrix
Authors: Lacatusu I. , Badea N. , Nita R. , Giurginca M. , Bojin D. , Iosub I. , Meghea A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSol–gel chemistry can be easily modified to the changing needs of society to produce fine‐tuned sol–gel nanostructured materials for relevant applications. In this context, there is an increasing need for natural and versatile raw materials as well as biocompatible compounds that could be extensively used as biomarkers for bioimaging in diagnosis or therapy. Silica‐based materials are widely used in the field of biomedicine due to their chemical inertness and biocompatibility. In the present paper, orange peel extract was immobilized inside inorganic silica and hybrid silica‐silsesquioxane polymeric networks. Silica and organo‐modified silica matrices were synthesized through a templated sol–gel route of TEOS and an organosilsesquioxane (octaisobutyltetracyclo[7.3.3.15,11] octasiloxane‐endo‐3,7‐diol), with D‐glucose as template, and for comparison a non‐ionic surfactant (tetraethylene glycol mono‐hexadecyl ether) was also used. The bioactive properties of the molecules from orange peel extract were preserved after immobilization in both silica and silica‐silsesquioxane networks. Moreover, the fluorescence properties were amplified by 10–20 times more than the native orange peel extract. The structural properties of the final materials have been studied by FT‐IR, UV–Vis‐NIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering measurements and transmission electron microscopy were used to estimate the size and morphology of the hybrid materials with orange peel extract immobilized in silica networks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term cohort study of women at intermediate risk of familial breast cancer: experiences of living at risk
Authors: Bennett P. , Parsons E. , Brain K. , Hood K. ,   on behalf of the reTrace Study Team
Published: June 2009

AbstractAims: To identify how women adjusted to living at intermediate risk of breast cancer six years following risk assessment, and what factors contributed to health service usage.Method: Two studies are reported. Both report data from a cohort of women found at intermediate risk of breast cancer six years previously. In the first, 30 women with a range of Cancer Worry Scale (Lerman et al. Health Psychol 1991;10:259–267) scores were interviewed about how they lived with their risk of cancer and their use of health resources. The generalisability of these findings was tested in a sample of 387 women from the same cohort using psychometrically appropriate measures.Findings: In study 1, women scoring above the median baseline BCWS scale score were most likely to perceive their family history as a burden, exaggerate their susceptibility to breast cancer, not be reassured by genetic counselling, be focussed on the need for mammographic screening, and have a low reliance on breast self‐examination. Key findings of the second study were that over a quarter of the cohort were experiencing at least moderate levels of intrusive worries. Worries were associated with perceptions of high personal vulnerability to and severity of cancer and breast cancer being highly salient. Women aged over 50 years with high levels of worry‐related distress were most likely to request a mammogram.Conclusion: The high levels of distress in this cohort reinforce the need to provide appropriate interventions for vulnerable women following risk assessment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Returning to work after cancer: quantitative studies and prototypical narratives
Authors: Steiner John F. , Nowels Carolyn T. , Main Deborah S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjective: A combination of quantitative data and illustrative narratives may allow cancer survivorship researchers to disseminate their research findings more broadly. We identified recent, methodologically rigorous quantitative studies on return to work after cancer, summarized the themes from these studies, and illustrated those themes with narratives of individual cancer survivors.Methods: We reviewed English‐language studies of return to work for adult cancer survivors through June 2008, and identified 13 general themes from papers that met methodological criteria (population‐based sampling, prospective and longitudinal assessment, detailed assessment of work, evaluation of economic impact, assessment of moderators of work return, and large sample size). We drew survivorship narratives from a prior qualitative research study to illustrate these themes.Results: Nine quantitative studies met four or more of our six methodological criteria. These studies suggested that most cancer survivors could return to work without residual disabilities. Cancer site, clinical prognosis, treatment modalities, socioeconomic status, and attributes of the job itself influenced the likelihood of work return. Three narratives—a typical survivor who returned to work after treatment, an individual unable to return to work, and an inspiring survivor who returned to work despite substantial barriers—illustrated many of the themes from the quantitative literature while providing additional contextual details.Conclusion: Illustrative narratives can complement the findings of cancer survivorship research if researchers are rigorous and transparent in the selection, analysis, and retelling of those stories. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of maternal food restriction on fetal rat lung lipid differentiation program
Authors: Karadag Ahmet , Sakurai Reiko , Wang Ying , Guo Pinzheng , Desai Mina , Ross Michael G. , Torday John S. , Rehan Virender K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAlthough “fetal programming” has been extensively studied in many organs, there is only limited information on pulmonary effects in the offspring following intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). We aimed to determine the effects of nutrient restriction on the lung structure and lung lipid differentiation programs in offspring using an animal mode of maternal food restriction (MFR). We utilized a rodent model of 50% MFR from day 10 of gestation to term and then using lung morphology, Western blotting, Real Time RT‐PCR and Oil Red O staining, lung structure and development of the offspring were examined at postnatal days (p) 1, p21, and 9 months (9M). At postnatal day 1, MFR pups weighed significantly less compared to control pups, but at p21 and 9M, they weighed significantly more. However, lung weight, expressed as a percentage of body weight between the two groups was not different at all time‐points examined. The MFR group had significantly decreased alveolar number and significantly increased septal thickness at p1 and 9M, indicating significantly altered lung structure in the MFR offspring. Furthermore, although at p1, compared to the control group, lung lipid accumulation was significantly decreased in the MFR group, at 9M, it was significantly increased. There were significant temporal changes in the parathyroid hormone‐related protein/peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma signaling pathway and surfactant synthesis. We conclude that MFR alters fetal lung lipid differentiation programming and lung morphometry by affecting specific epithelial–mesenchymal signaling pathways, offering the possibility for specific interventions to overcome these effects. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:635–644. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic variants of GSNOR and ADRB2 influence response to albuterol in African‐American children with severe asthma
Authors: Moore Paul E. , Ryckman Kelli K. , Williams Scott M. , Patel Neal , Summar Marshall L. , Sheller James R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAfrican Americans are disproportionately affected by asthma. Social and economic factors play a role in this disparity, but there is evidence that genetic factors may also influence the development of asthma and response to therapy in African American children. Our hypothesis is that variations in asthma related genes contribute to the observed asthma disparities by influencing the response to asthma‐specific therapy. In order to test this hypothesis, we characterized the clinical response to asthma‐specific therapy in 107 African American children who presented to the emergency room in status asthmaticus, with a primary outcome indicator of length of time on continuous albuterol. Single locus analysis indicated that genotype variation in glutathione‐dependent S‐nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is associated with a decreased response to asthma treatment in African American children. A post hoc multi‐locus analysis revealed that a combination of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within GSNOR, adrenergic receptor beta 2, and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase‐1 give a 70% predictive value for lack of response to therapy. This predictive model needs replication in other cohorts of patients with asthma, but suggests gene–gene interactions may have greater significance than that identified with single variants. Our findings also suggest that genetic variants may contribute to the observed population disparities in asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:649–654. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bronchiectasis secondary to primary immunodeficiency in children: Longitudinal changes in structure and function
Authors: Haidopoulou Katerina , Calder Alistair , Jones Alison , Jaffe Adam , Sonnappa Samatha 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundPrimary immunodeficiency is a common cause of bronchiectasis in children. The term bronchiectasis suggests an irreversible process; however, disease progression following treatment is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the progression of bronchiectasis in children with primary immunodeficiency after institution of treatment.MethodsA retrospective review of case notes of children with primary immunodeficiency was undertaken to identify patients with confirmed bronchiectasis. Children who had two high‐resolution computed tomography scans of the chest (HRCT chest) with an interval of at least 2 years were identified. The HRCT‐chest scans at diagnosis and follow up were scored using a Bhalla score. Spirometry results (FEV1, FVC, and FEV1:FVC ratios) were related to HRCT‐chest scores, where available. Statistical analysis was by Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman's rank order correlation.ResultsEighteen subjects were studied. The diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency was established at median (range) age 3.4 (1–13) years, and bronchiectasis at 9.3 (3.1–13.8) years. There was no significant difference between baseline and follow‐up median (range) HRCT‐chest scores (6 [1–13] and 7.5 [0–15], P = 0.21) respectively. The follow‐up FEV1 and FVC percent predicted median (range) were significantly higher than baseline (86% [49–124%] vs. 75% [36–93%], P < 0.005, and 86% [47–112%] vs. 78% [31–96%], P < 0.05), respectively; there was no significant difference between baseline and follow‐up FEV1:FVC ratios. There was no significant correlation between HRCT‐chest score changes and FEV1 or FVC changes.ConclusionsBronchiectasis secondary to primary immunodeficiency in childhood is not always a progressive condition, suggesting a potential to slow or prevent disease progression with appropriate treatment. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:669–675. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The alchemy of jargon: Etymologies of urologic neologisms. Number 5: Oncology and its vocabulary
Authors: Shelfer Lochlan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs the scientific community is increasingly severed from the study of linguistics, the underlying significance of their common technical words is becoming blurred. This article will focus on the genesis of terminology in the field of Oncology.METHODSThese notes will give a detailed background of the history of technical terms, including how they came into being, whence they were derived, and how they impacted the scientific community through the ages.RESULTSIn this installment, following terms are analyzed: Oncology, Cancer, Carcinoma, Metastasis, Neoplasm, Malignant, and Benign.CONCLUSIONSThis analysis of the history and significance of scientific terms common to the urological community works towards a fortification of their power by offering a reminder of their origins. Prostate 69: 1369–1371, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The alchemy of jargon: Etymologies of urologic neologisms—part 4: The history of histological nomenclature
Authors: Shelfer Lochlan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs the scientific community is increasingly severed from the study of linguistics, the underlying significance of their common technical words is becoming blurred. This article will focus on the genesis of terminology in the field of Histology.METHODSThese notes will give a detailed background of the history of technical terms, including how they came into being, whence they were derived, and how they impacted the scientific community through the ages.RESULTSIn this installment, following terms are analyzed: organ, gland, tissue, membrane, acinus, fibroblast, epithelium, and endothelium.CONCLUSIONSThis analysis of the history and significance of scientific terms common to the urological community works toward a fortification of their power by offering a reminder of their origins. Prostate 69:1366–1367, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nemo‐like kinase induces apoptosis and inhibits androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Emami Katayoon H. , Brown Lisha G. , Pitts Tiffany E.M. , Sun Xizhang , Vessella Robert L. , Corey Eva 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate cell growth, differentiation, and stress responses, and many critical signaling pathways are subject to cross‐regulation by MAPK signaling. Previous studies have yielded evidence of cross‐talk between the MAPK pathways and androgen receptor (AR) signaling, which plays a critical role in growth control of both normal prostate and prostate cancer (PCa). Objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of MAPK‐like protein nemo‐like kinase (NLK) in PCa and its effects on AR‐mediated transcription.METHODSReal‐time PCR and IHC were used to evaluate levels of NLK in prostatic samples. Effects of over‐expression of NLK on apoptosis and proliferation were determined using Western blot and flow cytometry. Effects on AR signaling were evaluated using over‐expression and knockdown of NLK in PCa cells in combination with PCR, Western blotting and reporter assays.RESULTSOur results show that the expression of NLK is decreased in PCa metastases in comparison to normal prostate epithelium and primary PCa. Our results also show that over‐expression of NLK resulted in induction of apoptosis, which was more pronounced in AR‐expressing LNCaP versus AR‐negative PC‐3 cells. Higher levels of NLK decreased levels of AR mRNA and protein as well as inhibited AR‐mediated transcription.CONCLUSIONSNLK expression is altered during PCa progression and it is involved in regulation of AR signaling in these cells. A deeper understanding of the roles of NLK in regulation of AR‐mediated transcription and control of PCa progression may point the way to new modes of therapeutic intervention in this disease. Prostate 69: 1481–1492, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards the elucidation of molecular determinants of cooperativity in the liver bile acid binding protein
Authors: Pedò Massimo , D'Onofrio Mariapina , Ferranti Pasquale , Molinari Henriette , Assfalg Michael 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBile acid binding proteins (BABPs) are cytosolic lipid chaperones contributing to the maintenance of bile acid homeostasis and functional distribution within the cell. Liver BABPs act in parallel with ileal transporters to ensure vectorial transport of bile salts in hepatocytes and enterocytes, respectively. We describe the investigation of ligand binding to liver BABP, an essential step in the understanding of intracellular bile salt transport. Binding site occupancies were monitored in NMR titration experiments using 15N‐labelled ligand, while the relative populations of differently bound BABP forms were assessed by mass spectrometry. This site‐specific information allowed the determination of intrinsic thermodynamic parameters and the identification of an extremely high cooperativity between two binding sites. Protein‐observed NMR experiments revealed a global structural rearrangement which suggests an allosteric mechanism at the basis of the observed cooperativity. The view of a molecular tool capable of buffering against significant concentrations of free bile salts in a large range of solution conditions emerges from the observed pH‐dependence of binding. We set to determine the molecular determinants of cooperativity by analysing the binding properties of a protein containing a mutated internal histidine. Both mass spectrometry and NMR experiments are consistent with an overall decreased binding affinity of the mutant, while the measured diffusion coefficients of ligand species reveal that the affinity loss concerns essentially one of the two binding sites. We therefore identified a mutation able to disrupt energetic communication functional to efficient binding and conclude that the buried histidine establishes contacts that stabilize the ternary complex. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dislocation structure in interfaces between Si wafers with hybrid crystal orientation
Authors: Vdovin Vladimir , Zakharov Nikolai , Pippel Eckhard , Werner Peter , Milvidskii Mikhail , Ries Mike , Seacrist Mike , Falster Robert 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDislocation structure in Si(110)/Si(001) wafer bonding (WB) structures have been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The behavior of intermediate native oxide layers during high temperature annealing, the nature of interfacial dislocations and dislocation generation mechanisms are the main issues of this work. Samples were fabricated by direct hydrophilic WB of 200 mm wafers with native oxide. The as‐bonded structures containing 140‐nm thick layers were thermally annealed in the temperature range 1150 to 1200 °C. The dislocation structure composed of a pattern of unidirectional parallel but broken dislocation arrays is formed in the structures with partial or entire dissolution of the oxide layer. The contrast of broken dark lines usually observed in TEM bright field micrographs is supposed to be caused by integral effect of steps compensating twist misorientation and arrays of 60‐degree dislocations. We suggest that nucleation of dislocation loops at the interface due to the agglomeration of intrinsic point defects is a plausible mechanism of dislocation generation. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Extended free‐volume defects in chalcogenide glassy semiconductors induced by high‐energy γ‐irradiation
Authors: Balitska Valentina , Filipecki Jacek , Shpotyuk Oleh 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIt was shown that under‐coordinated topological defects induced by high‐energy γ‐irradiation can be a reason for significant changes in positron annihilation lifetime spectra of multicomponent chalcogenide glassy semiconductors within ternary Ge‐As(Sb)‐S systems. In the case of negatively‐charged sulphur and arsenic atoms, the excess of free volume is quite enough to produce additional input in the second defect‐related channel of positron trapping, while under‐coordinated germanium atoms are practically non‐detectable with this technique because of low associated free volume. Despite radiation‐induced densification, the average positron lifetime demonstrate both growing and decaying tendencies after γ‐irradiation depending on glass composition. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Point and extended defects in irradiated silicon and consequences for detectors
Authors: Lazanu Sorina , Ciurea Magdalena Lidia , Lazanu Ionel 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe interactions by which ions lose their energy in silicon are investigated at the microscopic level. This theoretical study put in evidence that the ionization could also represent a source of structural defects, and, contrary to the processes initiated by elementary particles, could generate extended primary defects, as, e.g. four‐fold coordinated defects, due to the simultaneous breaking of bonds for more neighbouring atoms in the lattice in a single interaction, in the ionisation core. The average energy transferred per atom is calculated, and also the energy spent by ionisation. The time dependence of the temperature in the ionisation core is derived in some simplifying assumptions. These contributions were not considered yet in the studies of degradation of silicon detectors in radiation fields and could account for the discrepancies observed between models and measurements at microscopic versus device level for hadrons and ions. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Extended defects in ion assisted MBE grown SiGe/Si‐nanostructures
Authors: Gaiduk P. I. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMBE‐grown SiGe nano‐structures assisted with in situ implantation of 1 keV Ge+ ions are investigated by transmission electron (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Self‐assembled Ge islands of small size and no extended defects are observed by TEM after low ion fluence pre‐implantation at high temperature. Implanted SiGe nano‐structures of larger size produce threading dislocations. High dose implantation at low temperature results in formation of semi‐spherical SiGe/Si nanostructures of a twin‐related type. Epitaxial islands of 30‐40 nm in base diameter and 11 nm in height, and a density of about 6x1010 cm–2 are produced in this case. It is evidenced by XTEM that the islands have a complicated inner structure and consist of micro‐twin nucleus and semi‐spherical nano‐layers of a various SiGe composition. The results are discussed in terms of strain relaxation through implantation induced defects. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)