bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Play Techniques with Neurologically Impaired Preschoolers
Authors: Sparling Joyce W. , Walker Daryl F. , Singdahlsen Julie 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A pilot project was undertaken to study the effect of educational play as an intervention approach. The study was conducted with 14 neurologically impaired, physically handicapped preschool children, parents, community teachers, and developmental center staff. Educational play consisted of art and drama group activities presented according to the normal sequence of play development, from sensorimotor, to symbolic, to sociodramatic play. After a 7-week course of intervention, the children’s performance, as measured by items in the Vulpe Assessment Battery, improved in six areas of development. Overall improvement was statistically significant. In addition, participating adults began to value the use of play as an essential component of child development. Results suggest the need for a systematic study of play in intervention with preschool, neurologically impaired, and physically handicapped children.
Fieldwork Experience, Part II: The Supervisor’s Dilemma
Authors: Christie Barbara A. , Joyce Peggy Corcoran , Moeller Patricia L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper examines the distinguishing characteristics of the effective and the ineffective supervisor and the role, responsibilities, problems, and current needs of the occupational therapy student supervisor. Data were obtained through questionnaires received from 188 therapists and 127 students in 65 fieldwork centers nationwide. Responses indicate a perceived lack of adequate preparation of occupational therapists for the role of student supervisor and provide evidence that the profession needs to assume a more active role in providing formal, standardized training programs for the occupational therapy student supervisor. The results demonstrate a need for greater accountability for the quality of the fieldwork experience and the supervisory process guiding that experience.
Fieldwork Performance and Academic Grades
Authors: Mann William C. , Banasiak Nancy 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The literature examining the relationship between occupational therapy academic course work and fieldwork performance was reviewed. Responding to a recent suggestion calling for a reexamination of this relationship with a sample of significantly larger size, we initiated the present study. The results are similar to earlier studies, with little or no correlation found in most analyses. Further investigation of the results provides strong evidence supporting the conclusion that correlation analysis is inappropriate for this investigation; thus, it would be incorrect to assume that there is little or no relationship between occupational therapy academic course work and fieldwork performance. Suggestions of ways to study the relationship between course work and fieldwork are presented.
Work Hardening: Occupational Therapy in Industrial Rehabilitation
Authors: Matheson Leonard N. , Ogden Linda Dempster , Violette Kris , Schultz Karen 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Work hardening, presented in this paper as a “new” service for the industrially injured, is actually well grounded in the traditional models and practices of occupational therapy. From the profession’s early roots in industrial therapy to the development of a variety of programs for the industrially injured through the 1950s and 1960s, the historical and philosophical bases of occupational therapy support the use of work as an evaluative and therapeutic medium. What is actually new is the adoption of terminology, technology, and a program format that fits in with the needs of consumers in the 1980s.
Recent developments that created the need for the specialized services that occupational therapists are uniquely qualified to provide include growth of private sector vocational rehabilitation, changes in workers’ compensation laws, and increasing costs of vocational rehabilitation. This paper describes work hardening in its present form. A case example is given that demonstrates how work hardening can be a cost-effective and time-saving bridge which spans the gap between curative medicine and the return to work.
Examination of Selection Criteria for a Program in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Posthuma Barbara W. , Sommerfreund Joy 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if the results of preselection interviews in combination with preselection academic performance offer better predictions of academic performance in occupational therapy than either of these criteria taken singly. The sample consisted of 48 high school students and 31 university students admitted to the program in occupational therapy at the University of Western Ontario from 1978 to 1980. The results indicated that for university students, previous academic performance alone was the best predictor for their performance in first-year occupational therapy. For high school students, the combination of 5 of the 12 interview items with previous academic performance produced the best predictor of successful academic performance in occupational therapy. This implies that for high school students at least, the interview and previous academic performance should both be considered as important selection criteria.
Crossing the Midline as a Function of Distance from Midline
Authors: Atwood Ruth M. , Cermak Sharon A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study examined the effect of differential block placement on the frequency of midline crossing during the Space Visualization test (SV) of the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests. The SV test was administered at distances of 0.75, 3.00, and 6.00 inches to a group of 71 normal right-handed boys (ages 5 and 7 years) to obtain the Space Visualization Contralateral Use score (SVCU) and the Space Visualization Contralateral Use Percentage score (SVCU percent). Space Visualization (SV) adjusted scores were also obtained to examine the effect of differential block placement on visual perception scores. The analyses for the SVCU and SVCU percent scores showed that age and distance were significant. Analysis of variance of the SV adjusted standard score indicated that trial, but not distance or age, was significant. There was a significant age-by-trial interaction. The need for a standard protocol for block placement during the administration of the SV test was shown. Future research needs were identified.
Developmental Play Ages of Physically Abused and Nonabused Children
Authors: Howard Ann C. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Although the specific effects of physical abuse are largely unknown, studies have shown deficiencies in the social behaviors of physically abused children. Because play is an important developmental process influencing socialization, physical abuse may adversely affect the developmental play age of children. This study compared the developmental play age of two groups of children aged 1 to 5 years, 12 of whom were physically abused and 12 of whom were not physically abused. Children’s play behaviors were recorded using the Preschool Play Scale. Deficits in developmental play age and play imitation were found in the abused group. These results have implications for occupational therapy practice in the identification, assessment, and treatment of physically abused children.
Reach Out For Health: A Corporation’s Approach to Health Promotion
Authors: Kaplan Laura Hollander , Burch-Minakan Laurel 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Corporation health programs are one strategy to reduce health care costs. This paper describes a health and safety program at the Southern New England Telephone Company that was started in January 1983. The three phases of the comprehensive statewide wellness program called Reach Out For Health are described. Eighteen different health education and fitness courses help employees reduce health risks and achieve healthier life-styles. Several motivational techniques are presented. Evaluation components of the program give feedback to all concerned.
Some Issues Related to Research Utilization in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Ottenbacher Kenneth J. , Barris Roann , Van Deusen Julia 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The importance of research in the rehabilitation fields, including occupational therapy, has been widely recognized in the past decade. The production of credible research literature has received high priority as occupational therapy strives to achieve professional status within the hierarchy of rehabilitation service providers. To accomplish this goal, research that establishes a scientific basis for therapy must be produced, and this research must be integrated with clinical practice.
Occupational therapy appears to be making progress in producing research literature related to clinical practice; however, the issue of research utilization has remained largely unexplored. This paper discusses methods of applying research findings and procedures in practice environments and explores some issues related to research utilization. Research utilization is viewed as a complex process involving multiple components related to individual decision making, theory development, and the documentation of clinical practice.
Examining Reliability and Validity of the Preschool Play Scale With Handicapped Children
Authors: Harrison Hilda , Kielhofner Gary 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study examined the reliability and validity of the Preschool Play Scale (PPS), a measure of the developmental level of play, on a sample of 60 handicapped children. Results demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity for the scale as a whole. However, the need for some refinement of the scale was revealed by the findings. Categories of play that can be observed only infrequently need to be reconsidered. The data also suggest that the criteria for deciding whether a behavior is absent or whether there was no opportunity to observe the behavior need to be spelled out more clearly for the scale.
The Literature of Occupational Therapy: A Citation Analysis Study
Authors: Johnson K. Suzanne , Leising Dorothy J. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A citation analysis was done on literature cited in 1978, 1980, and 1982 issues of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy. The results confirmed two impressions. The body of literature specific to occupational therapy is very small. But the body of literature potentially relevant to the work of the occupational therapist is very large, covering many disciplines. An unexpected finding was the reliance on older literature. Implications of these three findings are discussed.
The Effects of Introducing the Klein-Bell ADL Scale in a Rehabilitation Service
Authors: Smith Roger O. , Morrow Marilyn E. , Heitman Jolene K. , Rardin William J. , Powelson Janis L. , Von Therese 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study investigated the impact of introducing the Klein-Bell ADL Scale into a rehabilitation medicine service. A pretest and a posttest questionnaire of rehabilitation team members and a pretest and a posttest audit of occupational therapy documentation were completed. Results of the questionnaire suggested that the ADL scale influenced rehabilitation team members’ observations in the combined area of occupational therapy involvement in self-care, improvement in the identification of treatment goals and plans, and communication between team members. Results of the audit suggested that the thoroughness and quantification of occupational therapy documentation improved. The clinical implications of these findings recommend the use of the Klein-Bell ADL Scale in rehabilitation services for improving occupational therapy documentation and for enhancing rehabilitation team effectiveness.
Purposeful Activity and Performance
Authors: Steinbeck Thomas M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Fifteen male and 15 female subjects performed activities designated as purposeful and nonpurposeful that required the same muscle function. Subjects continued each activity to a predefined level of perceived exertion. The number of repetitions performed, the heart rate, and electromyogram (EMG) recordings were compared for the purposeful and nonpurposeful activities. Results showed a significantly greater number of repetitions performed on the purposeful activities (p = .001) recorded at equal levels of exertion. The hypothesis that individuals will be motivated to perform longer when the activity is purposeful was supported empirically, thereby substantiating a basic premise of occupational therapy.
Sexuality Counseling for Adults With Disabilities: A Module for an Occupational Therapy Curriculum
Authors: Neistadt Maureen E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Occupational therapists, as well as other rehabilitation professionals, are aware that sexuality counseling is an important aspect of rehabilitation. However, occupational therapists have limited resources within their profession for training in this area. This paper describes the development, philosophy, goals, objectives, and format of the module “Sexuality and Disability” offered to occupational therapy students at Tufts University. Evaluations from the 288 students who have taken this module to date indicate that all students considered the module a pertinent part of their academic program. Other occupational therapy schools might wish to incorporate a similar component into their curricula to expand the resources within the profession for training in sexuality counseling.
The Use of Trivial Pursuit in Teaching Community Living Skills to Adults With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Nochajski Susan Bruch , Gordon Catherine Yanega 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The use of gaming provides variety, motivation, and renewed interest in activities developing community living skills. In this study, Trivial Pursuit, a popular adult game, was adapted for use with 16 adults with mental retardation attending a developmental center day treatment program. Game questions were developed for six categories of independent living based on the McCarron-Dial Street Survival Skills Questionnaire (SSSQ) and Curriculum Guide. A two-group, pretest-posttest design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the game in teaching independent living skills. An analysis of variance on the measurement scale and for the total score on the SSSQ indicated significant differences in improvement rate after eight sessions with the game. Additionally, subjects found the Trivial Pursuit format interesting and absorbing. Results suggest that the gaming approach can be a valuable adjunct to traditional independent living training programs.
Classroom as Clinic: A Model for Teaching Clinical Reasoning in Occupational Therapy Education
Authors: Neistadt Maureen E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
One way to help students transfer their academic skills of data gathering and analysis to clinical settings is to teach them the clinical reasoning process outlined by Joan Rogers. This paper describes a format for teaching that process through the use of carefully structured in-class evaluations of physically disabled guest speakers who role-model as clients. Pre- and posttesting of the performance of 78 students during these in-class evaluation sessions showed a significant improvement over a semester in students’ abilities to accurately analyze preassessment data and to formulate appropriate treatment plans. Qualitative outcomes are also discussed.
Service Delivery Mechanisms in Rehabilitation Technology
Authors: Vanderheiden Gregg C. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Rehabilitation technology is a rapidly advancing area involving professionals from multiple disciplines, including engineers, occupational and physical therapists, speech pathologists, computer programmers, and many others. This paper focuses on the use of computers and other personal assistive devices by disabled persons, but the concepts presented apply to all areas of personal rehabilitation technology. The topics covered include a perspective on the use of advanced technology, technological appliances versus tools, skills or special knowledge needed for the effective delivery of rehabilitation technology, new roles for the service delivery team, sources of training in rehabilitation technology, and issues in qualification or certification of rehabilitation technology professionals. The purpose of this paper is to put the use of advanced technology for rehabilitation in its proper perspective and to present ideas for consideration in building more effective service delivery mechanisms for these technologies.
Developing an Occupational Therapy Curriculum at a Small College
Authors: Heater Stephen L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Small colleges and universities are increasingly turning to new program development to increase enrollments, stem decline, and ensure survival. Occupational therapy is an increasingly popular curriculum among small college and university administrators in view of its potential for attracting students, enhancing the organization’s profile and mission, and generating revenue.
This study examined the development of the occupational therapy curriculum at College Misericordia, Dallas, Pennsylvania, from 1981 to 1984. Interviews and pertinent documents, such as financial records, curricular materials, and enrollment statistics, were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the occupational therapy curriculum was instrumental in increasing enrollments and generating revenues at this small college. It can be concluded that curriculum development in occupational therapy can have a positive effect on an organization’s ability to remain viable in an increasingly competitive market.
The Influence of the Arts-and-Crafts Movement on the Professional Status of Occupational Therapy
Authors: Levine Ruth Ellen 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper explores why occupational therapists use arts and crafts as therapeutic modalities. Beginning with the turn-of-the-century origins of occupational therapy, the paper traces the similarities and differences in the ideas and beliefs of the founders of occupational therapy and the proponents of the arts-and-crafts movement.
Integrating Play in Neurodevelopmental Treatment
Authors: Anderson Jill , Hinojosa Jim , Strauch Carrie 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article presents one perspective on the integration of play activities within a neurodevelopmental frame of reference. Based on the premise that activities are characteristic of occupational therapy intervention, issues related to combining play activities with neurodevelopmental principles are discussed. Clinical examples are also provided to illustrate the value of integrating play activities within the occupational therapy treatment of the child with cerebral palsy.
Use of Leisure Time by Cardiac Patients
Authors: Fitts Helen A. , Howe Margot C. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
There has been increasing evidence that psychological stress is a risk factor in the development of heart disease. How an individual copes with stress will determine its impact on his or her health. The literature proposes that the effects of stress can be minimized, reduced, or reversed by factors such as goal-directed activity, physical exercise, relaxation, or emotionally supportive relationships. An exploratory study was conducted to compare activity patterns and leisure concepts between matched groups of cardiac and noncardiac subjects. The data indicate trends in the differences between these two groups in activity patterns and in the variety of activities that characterized their leisure time. The results suggest areas for occupational therapy intervention in the treatment of cardiac patients.
Quality Assurance in Equipment Ordering for the Spinal Cord–Injured Client
Authors: Smith Ruth 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Occupational therapy for spinal cord–injured clients is based on training in the use of adapted techniques and adapted equipment to optimize functioning. Two factors, the need for equipment to enhance the client’s potential and the demand for cost containment in equipment ordering, spurred a quality assurance study of equipment ordering. Through a follow-up survey of persons who had received equipment while they were patients of the New England Regional Spinal Cord Injury Center, suspected problems were identified and defined. A plan was formulated and implemented to resolve the problems; then the outcomes of this plan were evaluated by a telephone survey 1 year later. This quality assurance study helped establish accountability for cost containment in equipment ordering based on the client’s perceived need, the client’s level of spinal cord injury, equipment durability, and the timeliness of ordering.
Chewing Cycles in 2- to 8-Year-Old Normal Children: A Developmental Profile
Authors: Gisel Erika G. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Chewing movements of normal 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-year-old children were measured and compared across age, food textures, and gender. Applesauce, graham cracker, and raisins were used. Measures were taken on 98 children: eighteen 5-year-olds (9 boys, 9 girls); thirty-five 6-year-olds (16 boys, 19 girls); twenty-six 7-year-olds (13 boys, 13 girls); and nineteen 8-year-olds (10 boys, 9 girls). Comparisons were made with data of another twenty 5-year-olds (10 boys, 10 girls) from a previous study. Chewing movements were measured by time, number of cycles, and a time/cycle ratio.
Food texture affected time, cycle, and the time/cycle ratio. Age affected time and cycles. Data from earlier studies are used to describe the development of chewing between the ages of 2 and 8 years. Results indicate that eating skills for different food textures mature at different rates. Skills for eating solid foods mature before skills for eating viscous and pureed foods mature. Thus, the consistent use of food textures is important when children’s eating skills are evaluated. The normative data presented here may be used by clinicians evaluating children within the given age group.
A Description of Grip Strength in Preschool Children
Authors: Robertson Andrea , Deitz Jean 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this research project was to provide occupational therapists with preliminary descriptive data on the spherical grip strength of 3- to 5½-yearold children using the Martin Vigorimeter. Three hundred and eighty boys and girls were tested. Standardized positioning and instructions were followed. The mean of three trials was used as the grip strength score for each hand. The right and left hands were alternated during testing to allow a 20-second rest between trials. A repeated measures design multiple analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that the mean grip strength scores increased linearly with an increase in age (p &lt; .001) and that the right grip strength score was greater than the left (p &lt; .001). The descriptive data were reported separately for the right and left hands by age increments of 6 months. Two tables of mean grip strength scores and their standard deviations were generated for clinical use.
The Evolution of Occupational Therapy in the Public Schools: The Laws Mandating Practice
Authors: Colman Wendy 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the evolution of occupational therapy in public school systems. The focus of this history is the passage and implementation of the laws mandating service provision to children with disabilities and a cursory examination of the social, political, and economic currents that have influenced that service provision. An effort was made to cull the most salient issues currently affecting occupational therapists who work in public school systems; for this reason, information was gathered from oral history sources, which provided the bulk of the data. Additional written sources were synthesized to provide a comprehensive review of the story of occupational therapy’s emergence and current responsibilities in the education of children with disabilities.