bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor local chemohyperthermia using docetaxel‐embedded magnetoliposomes: Interaction of chemotherapy and hyperthermia
Authors: Yoshida Motohira , Sato Mitsunori , Yamamoto Yuji , Maehara Tsunehiro , Naohara Takashi , Aono Hiromichi , Sugishita Hiroki , Sato Koichi , Watanabe Yuji 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  We have studied and reported the usefulness of tumor local chemohyperthermia at a low‐grade temperature below 43°C with docetaxel‐embedded magnetoliposome (DML) and an applied alternating current magnetic field. However, the mechanisms of this treatment and the dynamics of the injected docetaxel were not investigated in our previous study. Thus, we investigated the interaction of chemotherapy and hyperthermia in the treated tumor.Methods:  Human MKN45 gastric cancer cells were implanted in the hind limbs of Balb‐c/nu/nu mice. DML, magnetite‐loaded liposome, and docetaxel were injected into the tumors with or without being exposed to an alternating current magnetic field. Docetaxel and tumor necrosis factor‐α concentrations, the cell cycle, and cell death rates in the tumor were examined.Results:  Docetaxel concentrations were significantly higher in the DML‐injected group than in the docetaxel‐injected group 3 days after injection. A G2/M peak was observed 1 day after treatment in the DML‐injected and exposed group and the docetaxel‐injected group, while it was observed 3 days after treatment in the DML‐injected without heating group and the magnetite‐loaded liposome group. The tumor cell death rate gradually increased in the DML‐injected group, with or without being exposed, while it gradually decreased after its peak in other groups. The tumor necrosis factor‐α concentration in the tumor treated with DML with heating remained at a high level on the 7th day after treatment, while it decreased after its peak in other groups.Conclusion:  The antitumor effect of this treatment derives from a combination of hyperthermia and chemotherapy locally in the tumor.
Cyclooxygenase‐2 and Akt mediate multiple growth‐factor‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ogunwobi Olorunseun O , Wang Ton , Zhang Lucy , Liu Chen 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Cancer invasion and metastasis are characterized by epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes metastasis and significant mortality. Elucidating factors promoting EMT in HCC are necessary to develop effective therapeutic strategies.Methods:  The LH86 cell line was developed in our laboratory from well‐differentiated HCC without associated hepatitis or cirrhosis and used as a model to study EMT in HCC. Effects of transforming growth factor β‐1, epidermal growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were examined using morphology, molecular markers, effects on migration and tumorigenicity. The involvement of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and Akt were examined.Results:  LH86 cells display epithelial morphology. Transforming‐growth‐factor‐β‐1‐, epidermal‐growth‐factor‐, hepatocyte‐growth‐factor‐ and basic‐fibroblast‐growth‐factor‐induced mesenchymal changes in them were associated with loss of E‐cadherin, albumin, α‐1 anti‐trypsin expression and increased expression of vimentin, collagen I and fibronectin. There was associated increased migration, tumorigenicity and increased expression of COX‐2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Akt and phosphorylated Akt. Inhibition of COX‐2 and Akt pathways led to inhibition of characteristics of EMT.Conclusions:  Multiple growth factors induce EMT in HCC. COX‐2 and Akt may mediate EMT‐associated development and progression of HCC and molecular targeting of COX‐2 and Akt may be an effective therapeutic or chemopreventive strategy in advanced and metastatic HCC.
Screening of de novo tumors after liver transplantation
Authors: Herrero J Ignacio 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDe novo malignancies are frequent complications after liver transplantation. They are one of the leading causes of late death. Some authors have reported promising results following implementation of extensive cancer surveillance programs. Screening protocols might benefit patients by providing a diagnosis at an earlier stage when tumors may be cured. These protocols should be based on the specific risk factors of every patient. Unfortunately, the scientific evidence supporting screening protocols is still very weak both in the general population and in the transplant patients. On this basis, there is not enough evidence to recommend routine screening for all liver transplant recipients, apart from the recommendations accepted for the general population. Multicenter studies in selected groups of patients at high risk for malignancy may be the only way of defining the potential benefit of screening programs post‐transplantation.
Inflammatory stress exacerbates hepatic cholesterol accumulation via disrupting cellular cholesterol export
Authors: Chen Yuyang , Chen Yao , Zhao Lei , Chen Yaxi , Mei Mei , Li Qing , Huang Ailong , Varghese Zac , Moorhead John F , Ruan Xiong Z 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Both inflammation and cholesterol accumulation play important roles in the development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. This study was undertaken to investigate whether inflammation aggravated cholesterol accumulation via disrupting hepatic cholesterol export and we explored the underlying mechanisms.Methods:  We used casein injection in C57BL/6J mice, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) stimulation in human hepatoblastoma cell line (HepG2) cells to induce inflammation. Intracellular cholesterol level was examined by Oil Red O staining and quantitative analysis. Bile acid level was quantified by colorimetric analysis. 3[H] cholesterol assay by scintillation counting was performed to evaluate the cholesterol efflux. The mRNA and protein expression was examined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.Results:  Inflammation increased cholesterol accumulation in livers of C57BL/6J mice and in HepG2 cells. High‐fat diet in mice and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) loading in HepG2 cells increased bile acid synthesis and cholesterol efflux, enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of liver X receptor α (LXRα), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARα, γ), cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). However, inflammation reduced bile acid synthesis and cholesterol efflux even in high‐fat‐diet‐fed mice and HepG2 cells in the presence of LDL loading. The enhanced effects of these genes and proteins expression due to high‐fat diet and LDL loading were inhibited by inflammation both in vivo and in vitro.Conclusions:  Inflammation disrupted PPAR‐LXR‐CYP7A1/ABCA1‐mediated bile acid synthesis and cholesterol efflux resulting in exacerbated cholesterol accumulation in livers of C57BL/6J mice and HepG2 cells.
Acoustic characteristics of ataxic speech in Japanese patients with spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD)
Authors: Ikui Yukiko , Tsukuda Mamoru , Kuroiwa Yoshiyuki , Koyano Shigeru , Hirose Hajime , Taguchi Takahide 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground: In English‐ and German‐speaking countries, ataxic speech is often described as showing scanning based on acoustic impressions. Although the term ‘scanning’ is generally considered to represent abnormal speech features including prosodic excess or insufficiency, any precise acoustic analysis of ataxic speech has not been performed in Japanese‐speaking patients. This raises the question of what is the most dominant acoustic characteristic of ataxic speech in Japanese subjects, particularly related to the perceptual impression of ‘scanning’.Aims: The study was designed to investigate the nature of speech characteristics of Japanese ataxic subjects, particularly ‘scanning’, by means of acoustic analysis.Methods & Procedures: The study comprised 20 Japanese cases with spinocerebellar degeneration diagnosed to have a perceptual impression of scanning by neurologists (ataxic group) and 20 age‐matched normal healthy subjects (control group). Recordings of speech samples of Japanese test sentences were obtained from each subject. The recorded and digitized acoustic samples were analysed using ‘Acoustic Core‐8’ (Arcadia Inc.).Outcomes & Results: Sentence duration was significantly longer in the ataxic group as compared with the control group, indicating that the speaking rate was slower in the ataxic subjects. Segment duration remained consistent in both vowels and consonants in the control group as compared with the ataxic group. In particular, the duration of vowel segments, i.e. the nucleus of Japanese mora, was significantly invariable in the control group regardless of differences between subjects as well as in segments compared with the ataxic group. In addition, the duration of phonemically long Japanese vowels was significantly shorter in the ataxic group.Conclusions & Implications: The results indicate that the perceptual impression of ‘scanning’ in Japanese ataxic cases derives mainly from the breakdown of isochrony in terms of difficulty in keeping the length of vowel segments of Japanese invariable during speech production. In addition, the tendency toward irregular shortening of the length of phonemically long Japanese vowels is thought to reinforce the impression of ‘scanning’ in ataxic speech in Japanese cases.
Glutamatergic input is selectively increased in dorsal raphe subfield 5‐HT neurons: role of morphology, topography and selective innervation
Authors: Crawford LaTasha K. , Craige Caryne P. , Beck Sheryl G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCharacterization of glutamatergic input to dorsal raphe (DR) serotonin (5‐HT) neurons is crucial for understanding how the glutamate and 5‐HT systems interact in psychiatric disorders. Markers of glutamatergic terminals, vGlut1, 2 and 3, reflect inputs from specific forebrain and midbrain regions. Punctate staining of vGlut2 was homogeneous throughout the mouse DR whereas vGlut1 and vGlut3 puncta were less dense in the lateral wing (lwDR) compared with the ventromedial (vmDR) subregion. The distribution of glutamate terminals was consistent with the lower miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency found in the lwDR; however, it was not predictive of glutamatergic synaptic input with local activity intact, as spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC) frequency was higher in the lwDR. We examined the morphology of recorded cells to determine if variations in dendrite structure contributed to differences in synaptic input. Although lwDR neurons had longer, more complex dendrites than vmDR neurons, glutamatergic input was not correlated with dendrite length in the lwDR, suggesting that dendrite length did not contribute to subregional differences in sEPSC frequency. Overall, glutamatergic input in the DR was the result of selective innervation of subpopulations of 5‐HT neurons and was rooted in the topography of DR neurons and the activity of glutamate neurons located within the midbrain slice. Increased glutamatergic input to lwDR cells potentially synergizes with previously reported increased intrinsic excitability of lwDR cells to increase 5‐HT output in lwDR target regions. Because the vmDR and lwDR are involved in unique circuits, subregional differences in glutamate modulation may result in diverse effects on 5‐HT output in stress‐related psychopathology.
The integrity of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons depends on expression of Nkx2‐1
Authors: Magno Lorenza , Kretz Oliver , Bert Bettina , Ersözlü Sara , Vogt Johannes , Fink Heidrun , Kimura Shioko , Vogt Angelika , Monyer Hannah , Nitsch Robert , Naumann Thomas 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe transcription factor Nkx2‐1 belongs to the homeobox‐encoding family of proteins that have essential functions in prenatal brain development. Nkx2‐1 is required for the specification of cortical interneurons and several neuronal subtypes of the ventral forebrain. Moreover, this transcription factor is involved in migratory processes by regulating the expression of guidance molecules. Interestingly, Nkx2‐1 expression was recently detected in the mouse brain at postnatal stages. Using two transgenic mouse lines that allow prenatal or postnatal cell type‐specific deletion of Nkx2‐1, we show that continuous expression of the transcription factor is essential for the maturation and maintenance of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in mice. Notably, prenatal deletion of Nkx2‐1 in GAD67‐expressing neurons leads to a nearly complete loss of cholinergic neurons and parvalbumin‐containing GABAergic neurons in the basal forebrain. We also show that postnatal mutation of Nkx2‐1 in choline acetyltransferase‐expressing cells causes a striking reduction in their number. These degenerative changes are accompanied by partial denervation of their target structures and results in a discrete impairment of spatial memory.
Altered apoptotic responses in neurons lacking RhoB GTPase
Authors: Barberan Sara , McNair Kara , Iqbal Khalil , Smith Nicola C. , Prendergast George C. , Stone Trevor W. , Cobb Stuart R. , Morris Brian J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCaspase 3 activation has been linked to the acute neurotoxic effects of central nervous system damage, as in traumatic brain injury or cerebral ischaemia, and also to the early events leading to long‐term neurodegeneration, as in Alzheimer’s disease. However, the precise mechanisms activating caspase 3 in neuronal injury are unclear. RhoB is a member of the Rho GTPase family that is dramatically induced by cerebral ischaemia or neurotrauma, both in preclinical models and clinically. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that RhoB might directly modulate caspase 3 activity and apoptotic or necrotic responses in neurons. Over‐expression of RhoB in the NG108‐15 neuronal cell line or in cultured corticohippocampal neurons elevated caspase 3 activity without inducing overt toxicity. Cultured corticohippocampal neurons from RhoB knockout mice did not show any differences in sensitivity to a necrotic stimulus – acute calcium ionophore exposure – compared with neurons from wild‐type mice. However, corticohippocampal neurons lacking RhoB exhibited a reduction in the degree of DNA fragmentation and caspase 3 activation induced by the apoptotic agent staurosporine, in parallel with increased neuronal survival. Staurosporine induction of caspase 9 activity was also suppressed. RhoB knockout mice showed reduced basal levels of caspase 3 activity in the adult brain. These data directly implicate neuronal RhoB in caspase 3 activation and the initial stages of programmed cell death, and suggest that RhoB may represent an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in conditions involving elevated caspase 3 activity in the central nervous system.
Modulation of neuromagnetic responses to face stimuli by preceding biographical information
Authors: Tsujimoto Satoshi , Yokoyama Takemasa , Noguchi Yasuki , Kita Shinichi , Kakigi Ryusuke 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWhen we encode faces in memory, we often do so in association with biographical information regarding the person. To examine the neural dynamics underlying such encoding processes, we devised a face recognition task and recorded cortical activity using magnetoencephalography. The task included two conditions. In the experimental condition, face stimuli were preceded by biographical information regarding the person whose face was to be memorized, whereas in the control condition, nonsense syllables were presented before face stimuli. Behavioral results indicated that the biographical information about a person facilitated the recognition memory of their face. Magnetoencephalography signals showed clear visually evoked magnetic fields mainly in the occipitotemporal cortex, in response to the face stimuli that were to be encoded. The phasic peak was observed at 100–200 ms after onset of a face stimulus, which was followed by late latency deflections (200–400 ms). Comparison of the signal between conditions revealed that the preceding semantic information does modulate the neuromagnetic responses to the face stimuli. This modulation occurred primarily at the late latency component in the sensors over the occipitotemporal cortex. In addition, the effects of conditions were also observed in the signals from more anterior sensors, which occurred earlier than the effects in the occipitotemporal cortex. These results provide insights into the neural dynamics underlying the encoding of faces in association with their biographical information.
The ovarian cycle histochemistry and its relationship with hepatopancreas weight in the blue crab Callinectes danae (Crustacea: Portunidae)
Authors: Zara Fernando J. , Gaeta Henrique H. , Costa Tânia M. , Toyama Marcos H. , Caetano Flávio H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractZara, F.J., Gaeta, H.H., Costa, T.M., Toyama, M.H. and Caetano, F.H. 2011. The ovarian cycle histochemistry and its relationship with hepatopancreas weight in the blue crab Callinectes danae (Crustacea: Portunidae). —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 00:1–13.Several studies use macroscopic patterns of the ovarian development in crustaceans. Here, we examined the relationship between ovary histochemistry, changes in gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices against the macroscopic pattern of the ovarian development in Callinectes danae. Animals were collected in the south coast of São Paulo State, Brazil. Ovaries were macroscopically classified as juvenile, rudimentary, developing, intermediary, mature, and rudimentary ovigerous. Samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, processed for historesin, and stained with HE, protein, and neutral and acid polysaccharides detection. The juvenile oocytes are not enclosed by follicular cells and have fewer yolk nuclei being less intense in PAS reactivity than rudimentary oocytes. Developing oocytes show yolk granules and thick follicular cells. Yolk granules were positive for proteins and neutral polysaccharides. The intermediary stage is marked by a qualitative increase in yolk granules and the onset of chorion formation. In mature oocytes, cytoplasm is completely filled by yolk granules and the chorion is completely formed. Ovigerous ovaries have several atretic follicles and large quantities of hemocytes in the process of tissue reorganization. In C. danae, the changes in cell, goandosomatic and hepatosomatic indices coinciding with macroscopic observations and any combination of different macroscopic stages in a single pattern should be avoided.
Work‐related behaviour and experience patterns of nurses
Authors: Goetz K. , Beutel S. , Mueller G. , Trierweiler‐Hauke B. , Mahler C. 
Published: November 2011

Goetz K., Beutel S., Mueller G., Trierweiler‐Hauke B. & Mahler C. (2011) Work‐related behaviour and experience patterns of nurses. International Nursing Review59, 88–93Introduction.  Nursing working conditions are characterized by heavy workloads and extensive responsibilities. The aim of our study was to report and to compare the actual conditions of work‐related behaviour and experience patterns of nurses working on intensive care units (ICUs) and intermediate care in a reference sample of nurses.Methods:  The study was designed as a cross‐sectional survey with a sample of ICU and intermediate care nurses in one hospital in Germany and a reference sample of nurses (n = 378). Data were analysed regarding 11 health‐relevant dimensions and four behaviour patterns examined by the questionnaire ‘Work‐Related Behaviour and Experience Patterns’. Group comparison was evaluated with independent t‐test. The survey also collected demographic data.Results:  In total, 86 of 158 questionnaires (54.4%) were returned. ICU and intermediate care nurses mainly differed in the health dimensions ‘career ambition’ and ‘satisfaction with work’, and had equal mean scores in ‘experiences of social support’. The most common pattern for the majority in our sample was the withdrawal pattern (46.8 %). 17.7% showed the burnout pattern. One third of our sample showed a healthy pattern (25.3%).Conclusions:  It was possible to identify clear risk patterns for our sample of ICU and intermediate care nursing staff and to demonstrate that an essential aim should be to minimize the risk of burnout by strengthening nurses' individual, as well as work‐related resources by applying a salutogenic approach. Leadership should reinforce motivational aspects to prevent staff withdrawal and to keep nurses in the workforce.
Job satisfaction and emotional subjective well‐being among Slovak nurses
Authors: Gurková E. , Čáp J. , Žiaková K. , Ďurišková M. 
Published: November 2011

GURKOVÁ E., ČÁP J., ŽIAKOVÁ K. & ĎURIŠKOVÁ M. (2011) Job satisfaction and emotional subjective well‐being among Slovak nurses. International Nursing Review59, 94–100Purpose:  The purpose of this study is to investigate job satisfaction and emotional subjective well‐being and the correlations between these two constructs among Slovak nurses.Design:  A cross‐sectional survey was used to investigate this relationship among nurses (n = 104) working in seven public hospitals in Slovakia.Methods:  Data were collected using a set of questionnaires that included the questionnaire to measure job satisfaction, the Positive Affect Scale, the Negative Affect Scale and a demographics form.Findings:  Findings of this study confirmed some general satisfying and dissatisfying elements for the nursing profession across different clinical specialties and different cultures. The results also indicate that there is a positive correlation between positive emotions and job satisfaction of Slovak nurses.Conclusion:  The paper has drawn attention to the job satisfaction and emotional well‐being among nurses. Further studies in this field, extended to different countries, work settings and nursing specialties, may help to improve subjective well‐being of nurses.Study limitations:  Participants came from a limited number of hospitals in Slovakia. A larger sample from different hospitals in Slovakia could have enhanced the generalizability of the results and increased the power of the study to detect significant differences and associations.