bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of concentration of DYE on the storage life of plane wave gratings on photopolymer film
Authors: Nimmi Kalathungal Prasannakumari , Pramitha Vayalamkuzhi , Sreekumar Krishnapillai , Kartha Cheranaloor Sudha , Joseph Rani 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHolographic grating with good storage life in poly(vinyl alcohol) based photopolymer film, prepared by gravity settling method, with reduced concentration of the dye was found to give good diffraction efficiency without crosslinking. The material was found to show good diffraction efficiency and sensitivity (75% diffraction efficiency at exposure energy of 80 mJ/cm2). The shelf life of the photopolymer solution could be improved by storage at a temperature ∼ 4°C in refrigerator. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Fabrication of amperometric bienzymatic glucose biosensor based on MWCNT tube and polypyrrole multilayered nanocomposite
Authors: Singh K. , Singh B. P. , Chauhan Ruchika , Basu T. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA novel amperometric glucose biosensor based on bienzyme system such as glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was developed based on the carboxy modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and polypyrrole (PPY) nanocomposite film, electrochemically deposited onto indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) electrode using layer by layer deposition technique. The glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) have been coimmobilized onto the MWCNT/PPY/ITO nanocomposite electrode using gluteraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The bienzymatic nanobioelectrodes GOx‐HRP/MWCNT/PPY/ITO have exhibited 3 times higher sensitivity than mono enzymatic bioelectrode (GOx‐HRP/MWCNT/PPY/ITO). Minimum interferences have been observed from ascorbic acid, uric acid, sodium pyruvate, and sodium ascorbate for both single and bienzyme systems. It is inferred that bienzyme‐based nanobioelectrodes offer wider linearity, higher sensitivity, correlation coefficient, shelf life, and accuracy for testing of blood serum samples than mono enzyme system. Mechanism of the overall biochemical reaction has been proposed to illustrate the enhanced bio‐sensing performance of the bienzyme system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/gold nanocomposites obtained by in situ gamma‐irradiation method
Authors: Radosavljević Aleksandra , Božanić Dušan , Bibić Nataša , Mitrić Miodrag , Kačarević‐Popović Zorica , Nedeljković Jovan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractGamma‐irradiation induced reduction of gold (Au) ions was performed in aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution. PVA/Au nanocomposites with different contents of inorganic phase were prepared by solvent evaporation. The colloids and corresponding nanocomposites show visible light absorption with strong excitonic peak in the wavelength range from 520 to 550 nm. Morphological and structural characterizations of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and nanocomposites were performed by TEM, XRD, and FTIR measurements. Also, Mie and Maxwell‐Garnett theories were applied to calculate optical properties of Au colloids and PVA/Au nanocomposites, respectively. The changes of heat resistance upon the increase of inorganic phase were correlated to the decrease in crystal perfection of polymer. Improvement of thermal stability of nanocomposites, compared with the neat PVA, was observed when the content of inorganic phase exceeds 1 wt %. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Basalt fiber reinforced and elastomer toughened polylactide composites: Mechanical properties, rheology, crystallization, and morphology
Authors: Liu Tao , Yu Fengmei , Yu Xuejiang , Zhao Xiuli , Lu Ai , Wang Jianhua 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA series of the reinforced and toughened polylactide (PLA) composites with different content of basalt fibers (BF) were prepared by twin screw extruder. The toughness of BF/PLA composites was improved further by the addition of polyoxyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (POE‐g‐MAH), ethylene–propylene–diene rubber grafted with maleic anhydride (EPDM‐g‐MAH), and ethylene‐acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (EAGMA), relatively. The mechanical properties, rheology, crystallization, and morphology of BF/PLA composites were studied. The results showed that basalt fiber had significant reinforcing and toughening effect in comparsion with glass fiber. EAGMA was more effective in toughening BF/PLA composites than POE‐g‐MAH and EPDM‐g‐MAH. When the content of EAGMA achieved to 20 wt %, the impact strength of BF/PLA/EAGMA composite increased to 33.7 KJ/m2, meanwhile the value was improved by 71.1% compared with pure PLA. According to dynamic rheometer testing, the use of the three kinds of elastomers increased the melt dynamic viscosity. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that POE‐g‐MAH and EPDM‐g‐MAH can decrease the cold crystallization temperature (Tcc) to approximately 20°C and dramatically improve crystallinity (χc) of BF/PLA composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of compatibilizing agents on the mechanical property of rice husk flour as nano‐potential filler in polypropylene biocomposite
Authors: El Sayed A. Mounir , Shehata A. B. , Darwish N. A. , Abd El Megeed A. A. , Badawy N. A. , El‐Bayaa A. A. , El‐Mogy S. A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this article, rice husk flour filler/polypropylene (RH/PP) composites with different ratios of the filler were prepared without and with maleated PP, which was used as a compatibilizer. The RH filler in the RH/PP composites was treated with acid and alkali, and their mechanical properties were measured. The mechanical properties were improved with the addition of the compatibilizer. In this study, grafting of maleic anhydride (MA) onto PP with different ratios of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and MA was prepared. Infrared analysis showed characteristic bands at 1786 and 1863 cm−1 for the grafted sample (maleated PP). Also, from chemical titration, the optimum MA and BPO contents were 4 and 1 part per hundred parts (php of polymer), respectively. The results showed that the morphology of the grafted sample was a flat with coarse surface, and that of the composite clearly elucidated that the interfacial bonding between RH and PP was enhanced by the presence of the compatibilizer. Thermal stability of the grafted PP was enhanced by the grafting process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and evaluation of a water‐soluble acrylamide binary sulfonates copolymer on MMT crystalline interspace and EOR
Authors: Liu Xiang‐Jun , Jiang Wen‐Chao , Gou Shao‐Hua , Ye Zhong‐Bin , Xie Xiao‐Dong 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA novel water‐soluble polymer was prepared by binary copolymerization and sulfomethylation using acrylamide (AM) and N‐phenylmaleimide (N‐PMI) as raw materials under mild conditions. Several factors were investigated and optimized conditions were confirmed in the copolymerization and sulfomethylation. It was found that the sulfonates copolymer was afforded with up to 60% retention rate of the apparent viscosity at 85°C; 30.4 mPa s apparent viscosity under 500 s−1 shear rate with 5.028 min; 3.3 times relativity viscosity (compared with polyacrylamides) was obtained in 80 g/L NaCl brine; up to 9.5% enhance oil recovery in presence of 5000 ppm NaCl brine by core flood tests; and it was also found that the polymer 4a, which combine with 10 wt % of KCl or NaCl brine could significantly affect the crystalline interspace of sodium montmorillonite (from 18.9 to 15.3 Å). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Optimization of zirconium acetate on the flame retardant properties of wool
Authors: Forouharshad M. , Montazer M. , Moghaddam M. B. , Saligheh O. , Roudbari B. Y. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe thermal degradation of wool treated with the flame retardant synergistic system, zirconium acetate, acid citric, and hydrochloric acid, was studied by thermal analysis, mass loss, the limiting oxygen index (LOI), and the vertical flame test. SEM pictures were provided to study the morphology of the treated samples. The flame‐retardant treated wool indicated a decrease in the temperature of decomposition, an increase in the residual mass and LOI, comparing with the untreated wool. The central composite design (CCD) was used for the experimental plan with four variables on the results of flame retardant. Statistical analysis confirmed the optimum conditions obtained by the experimental results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Poly(acrylic acid/acrylamide/sodium humate) superabsorbent hydrogels for metal ion/dye adsorption: Effect of sodium humate concentration
Authors: Singh Tripti , Singhal Reena 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA series of novel superabsorbent hydrogels based on acrylic acid (AAc), acrylamide (AM), and sodium humate (SH) were prepared by free‐radical solution copolymerization for removal of dye and metal ion from waste water. Ammonium per sulfate was used as initiator and N,N′ methylene bisacrylamide as crosslinker. The hydrogels were characterized with the help of FTIR and SEM. In this study the concentration of SH was varied in the range of 0.50–4.76 wt % based on total monomer content and the resulting hydrogels were investigated for the effect of SH on swelling and diffusion kinetic parameters such as equilibrium swelling ratio, initial swelling rate, swelling rate constant, maximum swelling at equilibrium, and type of diffusion, etc. Hydrogel having 2.43 wt % SH content showed the maximum water absorbency of 724 g of water per gram of hydrogel. Swelling exponent found in the range 0.68–0.79 thus suggesting Non‐Fickian diffusion mechanism. The swelling behavior was also studied in different concentrations of salt solutions [sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and ferric chloride (FeCl3)]. The synthesized superabsorbent hydrogels were used for the adsorption of Cu2+ ions and methylene blue (MB) dye from their aqueous solutions. The influence of SH concentration on the Cu2+ ions and MB molecules binding capacity of hydrogels was tested. The chelation behavior was modeled using Langmuir isotherm. The maximum binding capacity for Cu2+ ion was 299 mg/L at 1000 mg/L, initial Cu2+ ion concentration and 269 mg/L at 320 mg/L, initial MB dye molecules concentration per gm of AAc/AM/SH containing 2.43 wt % SH content. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Amphiphilic polysilane with poly(ethylene oxide) side chains
Authors: Sacarescu Liviu , Simionescu Mihaela , Sacarescu Gabriela , Hamciuc Viorica 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of an amphiphilic polysilane with poly(ethylene oxide) grafted segments (PS‐g‐PEO) through the addition of an allyl‐terminated poly(ethylene oxide) (AT‐PEO) to poly[diphenylsilane‐co‐methyl(H) silane] (PSH) in a homogeneous system and using catalyst platinum(0)‐1,3‐divinyl‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane is reported The process involves the activation of the polymer by microwave irradiation as a preliminary stage with the view to perform the subsequent addition stage at room temperature, when side reactions are prevented. The PS‐g‐PEO structure was characterized by NMR, FT‐IR spectral analysis and GPC methods. The amphiphilic properties were estimated by comparison of the water sorption isotherms of the PS‐g‐PEO copolymer with those of the component segments. The core‐shell micellization in water and the morphological aspects of the self‐assembled structures were investigated by DLS and SEM. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Purinergic signalling: Its unpopular beginning, its acceptance and its exciting future
Authors: Burnstock Geoffrey 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAdenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) was identified in 1970 as the transmitter responsible for non‐adrenergic, non‐cholinergic neurotransmission in the gut and bladder and the term ‘purinergic’ was coined. Purinergic cotransmission was proposed in 1976 and ATP is now recognized as a cotransmitter in all nerves in the peripheral and central nervous systems. P1 (adenosine) and P2 (ATP) receptors were distinguished in 1978. Cloning of these receptors in the early 1990s was a turning point in the acceptance of the purinergic signalling hypothesis. There are both short‐term purinergic signalling in neurotransmission, neuromodulation and secretion and long‐term (trophic) purinergic signalling of cell proliferation, differentiation and death in development and regeneration. Much is known about the mechanisms of ATP release and its breakdown by ectonucleotidases. Recently, there has been emphasis on purinergic pathophysiology, including neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Purinergic therapeutic strategies are being developed for treatment of gut, kidney, bladder, lung, skeletal and reproductive system disorders, pain and cancer.
Investigation on the chemiluminescence reaction of the phenylhydrazine‐luminol–peroxide system
Authors: Chandel A. L. S. , Khan S. A. , Kher R. S. , Tiwari Ashish 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTWe studied the chemiluminescence (CL) oxidation of phenyl hydrazine–luminol with various organic and inorganic peroxides. Maximum CL intensity for this system was obtained for t‐butylhydroperoxide. The enhancement in CL depended strongly on pH and was greatest at pH 12.5. The solvent drastically enhanced the CL intensity. DMSO was found to increase the CL intensity many‐fold as compared to acetonitrile and water. The effect of temperature on CL intensity has also been studied. The CL spectra revealed a broad peak at 425 nm, which suggests excited 3‐aminophthalate ion as the luminophor. A mechanism to explain the reactions is suggested. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive factors for postoperative constipation and continence after stapled transanal rectal resection
Authors: Boenicke L , Reibetanz J , Kim M , Schlegel N , Germer C-T , Isbert C 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Although stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) has become an important surgical option in the treatment of obstructive defaecation syndrome, objective data about parameters that predict its success or failure are not yet available.

Methods
Medical history, clinical and radiomorphological data were obtained prospectively from a multi-institutional STARR registry. Predictive factors for postoperative constipation (Cleveland Clinic Constipation Score, CCS) and incontinence (Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score, CCIS) were identified using univariable and multivariable analysis.

Results
Data were obtained for 181 of 201 patients in the STARR registry, with completed median follow-up of 19·4 (range 12–41) months. Although the CCS decreased significantly overall (from mean(s.d.) 16·3(4·9) to 6·7(4·1); P &lt; 0·001), 31 patients (17·1 per cent) complained about persisting constipation. CCIS levels remained unchanged overall, but 16 patients (8·8 per cent) had new-onset faecal incontinence. Multivariable analysis revealed that rectocele (β = − 0·302, P &lt; 0·001) and intussusception (β = − 0·392, P &lt; 0·001) were independent predictors of low CCS levels, and intussusception (β = − 0·216, P = 0·001) and enterocele (β = − 0·171, P = 0·012) were independent predictors of low CCIS levels. In contrast, small rectal diameter (β = − 0·293, P &lt; 0·001), low squeeze pressure (β = − 0·188, P = 0·005) and increased pelvic floor descent at rest (β = 0·264, P &lt; 0·001) predicted high CCIS levels.

Conclusion
Factors for a favourable outcome after STARR included rectocele, intussusception and enterocele, whereas small rectal diameter, low sphincter pressure and increased pelvic floor descent were unfavourable. These findings should be integrated into the therapy algorithm for STARR.
Evidence for Alkene cis‐Aminocupration, an Aminooxygenation Case Study: Kinetics, EPR Spectroscopy, and DFT Calculations
Authors: Paderes Monissa C. , Belding Lee , Fanovic Branden , Dudding Travis , Keister Jerome B. , Chemler Sherry R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAlkene difunctionalization reactions are important in organic synthesis. We have recently shown that copper(II) complexes can promote and catalyze intramolecular alkene aminooxygenation, carboamination, and diamination reactions. In this contribution, we report a combined experimental and theoretical examination of the mechanism of the copper(II)‐promoted olefin aminooxygenation reaction. Kinetics experiments revealed a mechanistic pathway involving an equilibrium reaction between a copper(II) carboxylate complex and the γ‐alkenyl sulfonamide substrate and a rate‐limiting intramolecular cis‐addition of NCu across the olefin. Kinetic isotope effect studies support that the cis‐aminocupration is the rate‐determining step. UV/Vis spectra support a role for the base in the break‐up of copper(II) carboxylate dimer to monomeric species. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra provide evidence for a kinetically competent NCu intermediate with a CuII oxidation state. Due to the highly similar stereochemical and reactivity trends among the CuII‐promoted and catalyzed alkene difunctionalization reactions we have developed, the cis‐aminocupration mechanism can reasonably be generalized across the reaction class. The methods and findings disclosed in this report should also prove valuable to the mechanism analysis and optimization of other copper(II) carboxylate promoted reactions, especially those that take place in aprotic organic solvents.
Constrained Digold(I) Diaryls: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Photophysics
Authors: Partyka David V. , Teets Thomas S. , Zeller Matthias , Updegraff James B. , Hunter Allen D. , Gray Thomas G. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA series of di(gold(I) aryls), L(AuR)2 (L=DPEphos, DBFphos, or Xantphos; R=1‐naphthyl, 2‐naphthyl, 9‐phenanthryl, or 1‐pyrenyl), have been prepared. The complexes were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, static and time‐dependent optical spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, microanalysis, and X‐ray crystallography. In addition, DFT calculations on model dinuclear gold complexes have been used to examine the electronic structures. Photophysical properties of the dinuclear complexes have been compared to mononuclear analogues. Low‐temperature excited‐state lifetimes for both the mononuclear and dinuclear complexes in toluene indicate triplet‐state emission. Time‐resolved DFT calculations suggest that emission originates from aryl‐ligand transitions, even if the LUMO resides elsewhere.
Water Quality Management Based on Division of Dry and Wet Seasons in Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Fan Xiaoyun , Cui Baoshan , Zhang Kejiang , Zhang Zhiming , Shao Hongbo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn the Pearl River Delta (PRD), river water quality deteriorates continually due to the population increase and ongoing industrialization and urbanization. In this study, a water quality management paradigm based on the seasonal variation is proposed. For better exploring the seasonal change of water quality, wavelet analysis was used to analyze the division of dry and wet seasons in the PRD during 1952–2009. Then water quality seasonal variation in 2008 and relevant impact factors were analyzed by multivariate statistic methods as a case to make some management measures. The results show that there are some differences of dry and wet seasons division among different years. Wet season mainly appear from April to September, which occupy the largest proportion among the 58 years (about 70%) and then followed by the wet season from May to October (about 13.8% of the total years). As to the water quality of 2008, significant differences exist between dry and wet seasons for 17 water quality parameters except TP, ${\rm NO}_{3}^{- } $, Fe2+, and Zn2+. Levels of parameters pH, EC, CODMn, BOD5, ${\rm NH}_{4}^{ + } $, ${\rm SO}_{4}^{2- } $, and Cl− in dry season are much higher than those in wet season. In dry season the variations of river water quality are mainly influenced by domestic sewage, industrial effluents, and salt water intrusion. While in wet season, except the aforementioned pollution sources, drainages from cultivated land and livestock farm are also the main factors influencing water pollution. Thus, water quality management measures are proposed in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The results obtained from this study would further facilitate water quality protection and water resources management in the PRD.
Impact of chorda tympani nerve injury on cell survival, axon maintenance, and morphology of the chorda tympani nerve terminal field in the nucleus of the solitary tract
Authors: Reddaway Rebecca B. , Davidow Andrew W. , Deal Sarah L. , Hill David L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractChorda tympani nerve transection (CTX) has been useful to study the relationship between nerve and taste buds in fungiform papillae. This work demonstrated that the morphological integrity of taste buds depends on their innervation. Considerable research focused on the effects of CTX on peripheral gustatory structures, but much less research has focused on the central effects. Here, we explored how CTX affects ganglion cell survival, maintenance of injured peripheral axons, and the chorda tympani nerve terminal field organization in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). After CTX in adult rats, the chorda tympani nerve was labeled with biotinylated dextran amine at 3, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days post‐CTX to allow visualization of the terminal field associated with peripheral processes. There was a significant and persistent reduction of the labeled chorda tympani nerve terminal field volume and density in the NTS following CTX. Compared with controls, the volume of the labeled terminal field was not altered at 3 or 7 days post‐CTX; however, it was significantly reduced by 44% and by 63% at 30 and 60 days post‐CTX, respectively. Changes in the density of labeled terminal field in the NTS paralleled the terminal field volume results. The dramatic decrease in labeled terminal field size post‐CTX cannot be explained by a loss of geniculate ganglion neurons or degeneration of central axons. Instead, the function and/or maintenance of the peripheral axonal process appear to be affected. These new results have implications for long‐term functional and behavioral alterations. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2395–2413, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
A method for deriving homogenous population of oligodendrocytes from mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Neman J. , de Vellis J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThere is a pressing need for new therapeutics for the generation and transplantation of oligodendrocyte to the white matter to help replace and render injured cells that are lost in demyelinating disease. There are a few protocols describing a homogenous derivation of non‐manipulated mouse embryonic stem cells to oligodendrocytes (ES‐OL). Moreover, protocols that are successful in producing ES‐OL do so with low efficiency. Therefore, we describe clear methodology for differentiation of mouse ES cells to oligodendrocyte to a high degree of homogenity and reproducibility in vitro. In addition, taking advantage of three defined media, we can generate a defined ES to oligodendrocyte lineage while selecting against neurons and astrocytes. More specifically, (1) Glial stem cell defining media (GSCDM), supplemented with appropriate combination of SHH and RA support pro‐oligodendrocyte developing neural spheres from ES cells, (2) Oligodendrocyte differentiating media, induces lineage selection of oligodendrocytes progenitors from neural stem cells, and (3) Oligodendrocyte maturation media, supports oligodendrocytes progenitor maturation. Moreover, the ES cell derived oligodendrocytes display mature properites in the prescence of rat dorsal root gangila in vitro. Thus confirming thier potential for use to invesitgate developmental pathways and future potential use of cells in transplantation towards myelin repair. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 777–788, 2012