bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATTITUDES INFLUENCING EMPLOYMENT OF THE HANDICAPPED
Authors: Whigham Barney R. , Mattson Bruce D. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effect of existing attitudes on employment practices of two groups of Texas employers, the first employing visually handicapped persons, and the second employing physically handicapped persons. After personal interviews, all 24 participants were administered the Survey of Interpersonal Values (SIV) and the Action, Cognition, and Emotion Test (ACET).Among conclusions drawn from the findings were that employers of the visually handicapped indicate their willingness to hire persons with physical disabilities, that employers who show willingness to employ handicapped personnel at the professional level tend to value leadership traits in employees, that employers may not carry through with actual employment of the handicapped even though they communicate interest in and tolerance for these individuals, that employers' positive attitudes appear to relate significantly to positive experiences with handicapped workers, and that the larger the population center the more receptive the attitudes of employers toward the handicapped.
Deep Eutectic Solvent‐based Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Electrical Double‐layer Capacitors
Authors: Ju Yi‐Jen , Lien Chien‐Hung , Chang Kuo‐Hsin , Hu Chi‐Chang , Wong David Shan‐Hill 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThrough hydrogen‐bonding between choline chloride (CC) and hydrogen bond donors, the binary systems, liquidized at their eutectic point (deep eutectic solvents, DESs), can be considered as organic salts in the liquid state (a kind of ionic liquids). Such cheap and biocompatible ionic liquids were developed for electrolytes of electrical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs). This work employs glycerol (G), malonic acid (M), and urea (U) to form DESs (GCC, UCC, and MCC). The stable potential window of these DESs is about 2 V while only GCC shows a nearly rectangular CV curve at room temperature at 1 mV/s. The ionic conductivity of GCC is equal to ca. 1.3 and 10.0 mS/cm at 25 and 75 °C, respectively. γ‐Butyrolactone (GBL), working as a good solvent to disperse GCC, significantly reduces the viscosity of GCC, increases the ionic conductivity, and enhances the performances of GCC‐based EDLCs. This GCC‐GBL system shows the promising applicability in EDLCs at 10 mV/s at 25 °C. In this work, viscosity of DESs is found to dominate their performance in EDLCs while the mesoporous structure of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) further reduces the loss of electrolyte‐accessible area at higher scan rates, emphasizing the important influence of material pore structure on the capacitive performances.
Evaluation of the Photochemical Stability of Zinc Sulfide as Protective Layer on Silver Indium Sulfide Photocatalyst Film
Authors: Kuo Yu‐Lin , Wu Ching‐Chen , Peng Yi‐Hsuan , Chang Wen‐Sheng 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHydrogen production by water splitting with photoelectrochemical cell is one of novel ways to provide clean and renewable energy. Ag‐In‐S ternary semiconductor thin film prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) on the surface of indium tin oxide conductive glass represented a mixture phase of AgInS2/AgIn5S8. Under the visible light irradiation with intensity of 100 mW/cm2, the photocurrent density could be up to 12 mA/cm2. After long term irradiation, however, photocorrosion occurred on Ag‐In‐S film resulted in the photocurrent decay. Thus, zinc sulfide (ZnS) with a wide energy bandgap represented a superior stability and no absorption of visible light were prepared as protective layers on the surface of Ag‐In‐S film deposited by CBD method. After a long time photoelectrochemical measurement under visible light irradiation, the modified Ag‐In‐S photocatalyst with one ZnS protective layer deposited by CBD method showed an obvious enhancement in the durability without a serious decay in photocurrent.
Oxygen Deficient Li4Ti5O12 for High‐rate Lithium Storage
Authors: Wen Lei , Liu Gang , Liu Guang‐Yin , Liu Guo‐qiang , Li Feng , Cheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn oxygen deficient Li4Ti5O12 was investigated for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) in this work. Compared with nitrogen doping and pristine Li4Ti5O12, the oxygen deficient Li4Ti5O12 exhibits significant improvement of electrochemical performance, it could deliver a specific capacity of 75 mAh/g even at a high charge/discharge rate of 10C and exhibit excellent cycling performance. The results revealed in this work show that oxygen deficient control can be a promising way to improve high rate performance of the LIBs electrode materials.
X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Approaches to Electronic State and Coordination Type of Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride Thin Films
Authors: Hung Tai‐Feng , Wong Hong‐Chang , Tu Yi‐Chun , Shen Chin‐Chang , Liu Ru‐Shi , Chen Jin‐Ming , Hu Shu‐Fen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this study, lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) thin films were deposited by radio frequency (r.f.) magnetron sputtering of a lithium phosphate (Li3PO4) target with various powers. The crystal structure, morphology, chemical environment, ionic conductivity, electronic state and coordination type were sequentially characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, respectively. As the results, the optimal ionic conductivity was achieved by the r.f. power of 75 W. Furthermore, the P‐N valence states of hybrid orbitals were increased with increasing the nitrogen amounts.
Carbohydrate binding and gene expression by in vitro and in vivo propagated Campylobacter jejuni after Immunomagnetic Separation
Authors: King Rebecca M. , Day Christopher J. , Hartley‐Tassell Lauren E. , Connerton Ian F. , Tiralongo Joe , McGuckin Michael A. , Korolik Victoria 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCampylobacter jejuni is an important human food‐borne intestinal pathogen, however relatively little is known about its mechanisms of pathogenesis or pathogen‐host interactions. To monitor changes in gene expression and glycan binding of C. jejuni within a common avian host, an immunomagnetic separation technique (IMS) was utilised to directly isolate infecting C. jejuni 81116 from a chicken host. An average of 105 cells/g was re‐isolated from chicken caecal samples by IMS technique. The in vivo passaged strains were used successfully in evaluation of carbohydrate binding through the use of a glycan array and were further suitable for transcriptome analysis. The glycan microarray analysis demonstrated differences in binding to negatively charged glycans of laboratory grown strains of C. jejuni compared with strains isolated after in vivo passage. The in vivo passaged strains showed marked up‐regulation of chemotaxis receptors and toxin genes. The optimised Campylobacter IMS technique described in this study allowed isolation directly from an animal host. Changes in gene expression and glycan binding at an in vivo level can also be identified by using this method.
Isolation and identification of selenite reducing archaea from Tuz (salt) Lake In Turkey
Authors: Güven Kıymet , Mutlu Mehmet Burçin , Çırpan Ceyhun , Kutlu Hatice Mehtap 
Published: July 2012

Abstract1In this study, Tuz lake brine samples were investigated for isolation and identification of selenite resistant halophilic prokaryotes. Among the 20 strains of extremely halophilic Bacteria and Archaea, a Gram negative rod designated as strain 106, showed high capacity in the resistance to selenite (25 mM) under aerobic conditions. Phenotypic characterizations and phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA sequence comparison indicated that strain 106 was Halorubrum xinjiangense. The ability of strain 106 to deposite selenium‐containing particles were investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Electron micrographs shows intact cells after selenite reduction and large amounts of selenium‐containing particles are present in the culture medium indicating that strain 106 is able to efficiently transport elemental selenium out of the cell.
The effects of freeze‐and‐thaw cycles on phosphorus availability in highland soils in Turkey
Authors: Özgül Müdahir , Günes Adem , Esringü Aslihan , Turan Metin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOngoing global warming may result in colder soil and thawing cycles and will increase the frequency of soil freezing‐and‐thawing‐treated cycles (FTCs) during winter in the cool‐temperate and high‐latitude regions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of repeated freeze–thaw cycles on the solubility and adsorption of P in lab and field experiments on Pellustert, Argiustoll, Haplustept, Fluvaquent, and Calciorthid soils, the major soil groups in E Turkey. The results demonstrated that, depending on the soil type, the freeze–thaw cycle could increase the adsorption and desorption of P within a certain temperature range. Repeated freezing and thawing decreased equilibrium P concentration (EPC) and increased P adsorption. EPC and P adsorption were strongly correlated with the number of FTCs. The highest P adsorption and the lowest P desorption was found in Pellustert followed by Argiustoll, Calciorthid, Haplustept, Fluvaquent when refrozen at –10°C for 15 d, then thawed at +2.5°C for 18 h, and 9 times FTC. However, in the field study, the adsorption value was lower than the value obtained from the laboratory condition. It appears that increasing the frequency of freeze–thaw processes depending on increase in temperature that leads to decreased plant‐available soil P pools, thus requires more P fertilizer in soil solution to supply adequate P during the plant‐growth period.
Application of ultrasound to disperse soil aggregates of high mechanical stability
Authors: Kaiser Michael , Berhe Asmeret A. , Sommer Michael , Kleber Markus 
Published: July 2012

AbstractQuestions remain about the exact ultrasonic energy level that is required to effectively disperse soil aggregates and to what extent this is accompanied by physical damage to individual soil particles. We found maximum aggregate dispersion at energy levels of 1500 J cm–3 and no evidence for the disintegration of particles < 20 μm even at that energy level. Our findings suggest that sonication at energies much greater than those applied conventionally can disperse aggregates of high mechanical stability.
Mineralized Synthetic Matrices as an Instructive Microenvironment for Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Phadke Ameya , Shih Yu‐Ru V. , Varghese Shyni 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe effect of substrate‐mediated signals on osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs is studied using a synthetic bone‐like material comprising both organic and inorganic components that supports adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of hMSCs. hMSCs undergo osteogenic differentiation even in the absence of osteogenesis‐inducing supplements. They exhibit higher expressions of Runx2, BSP, and OCN compared to their matrix‐rigidity‐matched, non‐mineralized hydrogel counterparts. The mineralized‐hydrogel‐assisted osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs could be attributed to their exposure to high local concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in conjunction with chemical and topological cues arising from the hydrogel‐bound calcium phosphate mineral layer.magnified image
Influence of the Reaction Conditions and Molecular Structure on the Kinetic of the Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Fluoro Compounds with Poly(vinyl amine) in Water
Authors: Hofmann Katja , Roth Isabelle , Spange Stefan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS) reaction of various fluoroaromatic/2,6‐O‐dimethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin complexes with poly(vinyl amine) (PVAm) has been studied in water at different pH. Increasing pH lowers the notable negative activation entropy of those types of NAS due to the PVAm chain segments becomes better accessible in basic media. At pH > 7, the zwitterionic intermediate in the course of NAS seems stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which has an influence on the increase of activation energy for elimination the fluoride ion. As a consequence, the counter balance between activation entropy and activation energy determines the rate of the NAS with PVAm, which is shown for several functional fluoroaromatic compounds including fluoronitrobenzenes, fluoronitroanilines, and imine bases.
Strongly Photosensitive and Fluorescent F8T2 Electrospun Fibers
Authors: Ferreira Isabel , Baptista Ana Catarina , Leitão Joaquim Pratas , Soares Jorge , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Borges João Paulo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractElectrospun fibers of poly[(9,9‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐bithiophene] (F8T2) with exceptional electro‐optical performance are obtained. The I/T characteristics measured in fibers with 7–15 µm diameter and 1 mm length show a semiconductor behavior; their thermal activation energy is 0.5 eV and the dark conductivity at RT is 5 × 10−9 (Ω cm)−1. Besides exhibiting a photosensitivity of about 60 under white light illumination with a light power intensity of 25 mW · cm−2, the fibers also attain RT photoluminescence in the cyan, yellow, and red wavelength range under ultraviolet, blue, and green light excitation, respectively. Optical microscope images of F8T2 reveal homogeneous electrospun fibers, which are in good agreement with the uniformly radial fluorescence observed.magnified image
Thermoresponsive Nanoparticles Based on Poly(2‐alkyl‐2‐Oxazolines) and Pluronic F127
Authors: Pánek Jirří , Filippov Sergey K. , Hrubý Martin , Rabyk Maria , Bogomolova Anna , Kučka Jan , Štěpánek Petr 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe synthesized statistical poly(2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline–co–2‐butyl‐2‐oxazolines) (POXs) that are molecularly dissolved below their cloud point temperature in aqueous milieu and are incorporated into micellar nanoparticles of biocompatible Pluronic F127 (F127) after heating their solution above transition temperature, Ttr. A functional comonomer 2‐(but‐3‐enyl)‐2‐oxazoline copolymerized into one of the POXs (polymer E) allows introduction of fenolic moieties and subsequent radionuclide labeling with iodine‐125. Self‐assembly of the polymer E with F127 leads to formation of radioactive nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameter 20 nm in aqueous solution by heating to 37 °C. The nanoparticles are intended to be used as radioimaging tool in solid tumor diagnostics.
How to Modulate the Chemical Structure of Polyoxazolines by Appropriate Functionalization
Authors: Guillerm Brieuc , Monge Sophie , Lapinte Vincent , Robin Jean‐Jacques 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPolyoxazolines (POx) are increasingly being studied as polymeric building blocks due to the possibility of affording tunable properties. Additionally, as the biocompatibility and stealth behavior of POx are similar to that of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), it has become challenging to develop polyoxazoline‐based (co)polymers. Even if POx have a lot of advantages, they also show an important drawback, as it has been impossible, to date, to prepare high‐molecular‐weight polyoxazolines with a low polydispersity index. Thus, it appears important that they be judiciously functionalized. This review covers the multiple ways that polyoxazolines can be functionalized. The use of functional initiators, functional terminating agents, and 2‐R‐2‐oxazolines with an R functional side group is detailed. In conclusion, some perspectives on POx functionalizations are also reported, with functions permitting selective “click” reactions.
Light‐Switchable Behavior of a Microarray of Azobenzene Liquid Crystal Polymer Induced by Photodeformation
Authors: Yan Zeng , Ji Xinming , Wu Wei , Wei Jia , Yu Yanlei 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA microarray with a period of about 1 μm was fabricated from a crosslinked liquid crystal polymer (CLCP) containing azobenzene groups by using the replica molding technique. In accordance with the photoinduced deformation of the CLCP induced by the photoisomerization of the azobenzene groups, on‐off switch behavior on the reflection spectra of the microarray was observed by alternate irradiation with UV–Vis light. The reversible switch behavior indicates that the azobenzene CLCP microarray has potential applications in optical actuators.
Monitoring the Dynamics of Phase Separation in a Polymer Blend by Confocal Imaging and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Doroshenko Mikheil , Gonzales Maria , Best Andreas , Butt Hans‐Jürgen , Koynov Kaloian , Floudas George 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe phase separation of the polymer blend polystyrene/poly(methyl phenyl siloxane) (PS/PMPS) is studied in situ by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) at macroscopic and microscopic length scales, respectively. It is shown for the first time that FCS when combined with LSCM can provide independent information on the local concentration within the phase‐separated domains as well as the interfacial width.
Specific absorption rate intersubject variability in 7T parallel transmit MRI of the head
Authors: de Greef Martijn , Ipek Ozlem , Raaijmakers Alexander J. E. , Crezee Johannes , van den Berg Cornelis A. T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPatient‐specific radiofrequency shimming in high‐field MRI strengthens the need for online, patient‐specific specific absorption rate (SAR) monitoring. Numerical simulation is currently most effective for this purpose but may require a patient‐specific dielectric model. To investigate whether a generic model may be combined with a safety factor to account for variation within the population, generic SAR behavior is studied for 7T MRI of the head. For six detailed head models, radiofrequency fields were simulated for an eight‐channel parallel transmit array. SAR behavior is studied through comparison of the eigenvalues/eigenvectors of the local Q‐matrices. Furthermore, numerical radiofrequency shimming experiments without and with SAR constraints were performed where SAR during optimization was evaluated on a generic model. In both cases, the ability of different generic models to predict actual SAR levels was evaluated. The largest eigenvalue distribution is comparable between models. Radiofrequency shimming without constraints improves the |B| homogeneity while the SAR increases substantially. Imposing constraints on SAR during optimization, estimating SAR on a generic model, was effective. A safety factor of 1.4 was found to be sufficient. Generic SAR behavior makes a generic head model a practical alternative to patient‐specific models and allows effective |B| shimming with SAR constraints. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of pulmonary blood flow changes on oxygen‐enhanced lung magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lee Hye‐Jeong , Park Jaeseok , Hur Jin , Kim Young Jin , Nam Ji Eun , Choi Byoung Wook , Choe Kyu Ok 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effects of changes in pulmonary blood flow on oxygen‐enhanced lung magnetic resonance imaging. Increased pulmonary blood flow was produced by intravenous infusion of sildenafil (0.2 mg/kg) in 10 New Zealand white rabbits. Decreased pulmonary blood flow was produced by single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg). A velocity‐encoded cine magnetic resonance imaging for pulmonary blood flow and an oxygen‐enhanced lung magnetic resonance imaging were performed at baseline, during sildenafil infusion, and after monocrotaline injection. We compared the baseline data to those obtained during sildenafil infusion and after monocrotaline injection for pulmonary blood flow changes and signal intensity enhancement ratios of oxygen‐enhanced lung magnetic resonance imaging. Wilcoxon's signed rank test was used for statistical analysis. There was a significant difference between pulmonary blood flow at baseline (418.6 ± 108.9 mL/min) and after sildenafil (491.9 ± 118.0 mL/min; P = 0.005) or between pulmonary blood flow at baseline and after monocrotaline administration (356.3 ± 85.8 mL/min; P = 0.017). However, there was no significant difference between the signal intensity enhancement ratios at baseline (23.8 ± 11.4%) and after sildenafil (24.0 ± 7.9%; P = 0.953) or the signal intensity enhancement ratios at baseline and after monocrotaline administration (22.7 ± 10.3%; P = 0.374). Changes in pulmonary blood flow had little effect on the signal intensity enhancement ratio of oxygen‐enhanced lung magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functionalized graphene sheets‐epoxy based nanocomposite for cryotank composite application
Authors: Lee Je Kyun , Song Sangyup , Kim Byungki 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMultifunctional high performance functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) based epoxy nanocomposites were investigated to understand the feasibility that these FGSs‐epoxy nanocomposites can be applied to cryotank composite applications. The FGSs were successfully synthesized from graphite flakes through preparing graphite oxides by oxidizing graphite flakes first and next, thermally exfoliating the formed graphite oxides. These high performance FGSs were next incorporated into epoxy matrix resin system to generate the uniformly dispersed FGSs reinforced epoxy nanocomposites. The resultant FGSs‐epoxy nanocomposites significantly enhanced resin strength and toughness about 30–80% and 200–700% at room and low temperatures of −130°C, respectively, and reduced the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of polymer resin at both below and above Tg about 25% at loading of 1.6 wt% FGSs, and increased Tg of polymer resin about 8°C at low loading of 0.4 wt% FGSs without deteriorating their good processability. We found that these significantly improved properties of FGSs‐reinforced epoxy nanocomposite were closely associated with high surface area and wrinkled structure of the FGSs. The further optimization will result the high performance FGSs‐epoxy nanocomposite suitable for use in the next generation multifunctional cryotank carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite applications, where better microcrack resistance and mechanical and dimensional stability are needed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of fly ash in composites fabricated by injection molding
Authors: Setsuda Roy , Fukumoto Isao , Kanda Yasuyuki 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this study, the effects of fly ash in composites fabricated by injection molding are examined. Taguchi design of experiment was first utilized to estimate the effects different injection molding conditions and content ratios of fly ash have on a linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)‐fly ash composite. The results reveal that the content of fly ash is highly significant and contributive to the shrinkage ratio and bending strength. For these reasons, LLDPE and polypropylene (PP) composites with different size particles of fly ash were fabricated and the mechanical properties were investigated. The particle size was changed by grinding fly ash with a planetarium ball mill. The shrinkage ratio, bending strength and flexural modulus of LLDPE composites containing raw fly ash were found to improve. The shrinkage ratio and flexural modulus of PP composites containing ground fly ash were also found to improve. Homogenization analysis using the finite element method was then used to calculate the Von Mises stress distributions and homogenized elastic matrix of PP composites containing ground fly ash. The homogenized elastic matrix was used to validate the experimental flexural modulus. The results show that the homogenized elastic matrix is in good agreement with the experimental flexural modulus. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers