bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semi‐conditional cash transfers in the form of family allowances for children and adolescents in the informal economy in Argentina
Authors: Bertranou Fabio , Maurizio Roxana 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn 2009, Argentina introduced a new transfer programme for children and adolescents younger than age 18 (Universal Child Allowance) that extended coverage under the contributory programme for family allowances to include families in the informal economy and families of unemployed persons. This article describes this innovative programme, compares it with similar programmes in Latin America and analyses its impact on coverage and its possible effects on the welfare of the population. The results indicate that the extension of access to this type of benefit has reduced considerably the coverage gap for the poor and indigent and supports efforts to consolidate the operations of different and poorly coordinated transfer programmes.
Testing old theories in new surroundings: The timing of first social security laws in Africa
Authors: Kangas Olli E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article examines the timing of the introduction of four major social security programmes — work accident insurance, sickness benefits, pensions, and family allowances — in 43 African countries. Further, it explores whether legislative structure, dominant religion or the colonial past of the country is of importance when we control for year of independence, prosperity, degree of democracy, government stability, industrialization and the size and ethnic homogeneity of the population. On the basis of Cox hazard rate modelling it is concluded that industrialized, homogeneous and rather populous countries that were under French rule tend to be pioneers in African social security legislation.
The effectiveness of Luxembourg's minimum guaranteed income
Authors: Amétépé Fofo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUsing micro‐data for the year 2007, this article analyzes the effectiveness of Luxembourg's minimum guaranteed income (revenu minimum garanti — RMG) social assistance programme. First, we examine the effectiveness of the RMG by comparing the proportion of eligible households based on the different criteria for the years 2007 and 1986, and find that, in 2007, 5.5 per cent of households were eligible versus 3.75 per cent in 1986. A relaxation of the RMG's eligibility criteria implies that more low‐income households should have access to the RMG. As a second measure of programme effectiveness, the article estimates the extent of non‐takeup behaviour among those eligible for the RMG in 2007. It is found that just over 65 per cent of all households potentially entitled to the RMG do not claim. Regression analysis of the potential determinants of non‐takeup behaviour confirms the hypotheses derived from theoretical models in the literature, i.e. that rational motivation, such as the expected net utility from claiming, and stigma, play a major role in explaining levels of non‐takeup.
Survey on the management of skin toxicity associated with EGFR inhibitors amongst French Physicians
Authors: Peuvrel L , Bachmeyer C , Reguiai Z , Bachet J.B. , André T. , Bensadoun R.J. , Bouché O. , Ychou M. , Dréno B. ,   Regional expert groups PROCUR
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground  Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are part of the therapeutic arsenal available for advanced cancer. However, they are frequently associated with cutaneous side‐effects, which can hamper compliance, lead to treatment refusal and impair quality of life.Objective  To know the attitudes of French oncologists who deal with this skin toxicity. This work is one of the steps to build a therapeutic algorithm of side‐effects induced by EGFR inhibitors taking both evidence‐based medicine and standard practices into account.Methods  Physicians completed a questionnaire as part of regional meetings, before any discussion. Questions concerned the management of 11 clinical situations in the context of EGFR inhibitor prescription.Results  Sixty‐seven questionnaires were analysed. The collaboration with dermatologists was especially planned for persisting or worsening lesions beyond 2 weeks, but never considered at the time of the introduction of targeted therapy. The results demonstrated the difficulties encountered in diagnosing and grading skin lesions. Attitudes of oncologists were uniform for preventive care and management of mild lesions for which moisturizing and cyclines were widely prescribed. Significant differences appeared in the treatment of less typical cases such as the involvement of skin appendages, secondary infections of folliculitis or cases associated with radiodermatitis. Discrepancies existed also for what to do in relation with maintenance or interruption of EGFR inhibitor mainly if they were responsible for severe lesions.Conclusion  This original survey emphasizes the interest of greater multidisciplinary collaboration and the necessity to harmonize practice.
Reflectance confocal microscopy for diagnosis of mammary and extramammary Paget’s disease
Authors: Guitera P. , Scolyer R.A. , Gill M. , Akita H. , Arima M. , Yokoyama Y. , Matsunaga K. , Longo C. , Bassoli S. , Bencini P.L. , Giannotti R. , Pellacani G. , Alessi‐Fox C. , Dalrymple C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground  Paget’s disease is an intraepidermal adenocarcinoma that is difficult to diagnose clinically as it mimics inflammatory or infectious diseases. As a consequence, it may be clinically misdiagnosed resulting in a delay in appropriate management. Reflectance confocal microscopy allows the visualization of the upper layers of the skin and mucosa at cellular resolution. Paget’s disease is characterized histologically by the presence of neoplastic cells scattered throughout all layers of the epidermis in a pattern similar to that also observed in melanoma (and termed Pagetoid spread).Objective  In vivo confocal microscopy is an excellent diagnostic tool for detecting Pagetoid spread and for diagnosing melanoma. We therefore hypothesized that it may also assist in the diagnosis of Paget’s disease.Methods  In this study, we describe the confocal features of nine cases of extramammary Paget’s disease and one case of mammary one.Results  Large atypical Pagetoid cells were present singly and in clusters in all 10 cases and were readily visualized on ex vivo and in vivo confocal microscopy. The presence of Pagetoid spread and other confocal features, in the appropriate clinical context, is suggestive Paget’s disease and should allow distinction from other inflammatory diseases that may appear similar clinically.Conclusion  The use of confocal microscopy is likely to facilitate earlier diagnosis of Paget’s disease and the instigation of appropriate management with concomitant improvement in clinical outcomes.
Analogical Matrices in Young Children and Students with Intellectual Disability: Reasoning by Analogy or Reasoning by Association?
Authors: Denaes Caroline 
Published: January 2012

Background Analogical reasoning (AR) is renowned for being a complex activity. Young children tend to reason by association, rather by analogy, and people with intellectual disability present problems of memorization. Both these populations usually show low performances in AR. The present author investigated whether familiar material and external memories could enable them to obtain better performances.Material Our computerized AR test uses a touch screen. The 2 × 2 matrices are composed of familiar pictures and relations, and declined in two versions. The classic version requires memorizing all the relations involved in order to discover the solution, whereas the construction version requires constructing the answer part by part by using external memories, which potentially unload the memory.Results Our results showed that people with intellectual disability reached lower performances than typically developing children in the classic version, but similar performances in the construction version. In addition, both these populations reasoned mostly by analogy and not by association.
Social Interaction with Adults with Severe Intellectual Disability: Having Fun and Hanging Out
Authors: Johnson Hilary , Douglas Jacinta , Bigby Christine , Iacono Teresa 
Published: January 2012

Background  Social interaction is integral to social inclusion. Little is known about the nature of social interaction between adults with severe intellectual disability and those with whom they engage.Method  Participants were six adults with intellectual disability and people identified as those with whom they shared demonstrable pleasurable interactions. Data were collected through observation and interviews, and data were analysed using a constructivist grounded theory approach.Results  An overarching category of sharing time together with two main sub‐categories of Having fun and Hanging out emerged. Having fun was composed of routines and comedic interaction; hanging out was comprised of contact and presence.Conclusions  Legitimizing mirth and sharing time in social interactions may supplement paid worker job satisfaction and increase opportunities for social inclusion by people with severe intellectual disability.
Screening for Psychiatric Disorders in a Total Population of Adults with Intellectual Disability and Challenging Behaviour Using the PAS‐ADD Checklist
Authors: Allen David , Lowe Kathy , Matthews Helen , Anness Val 
Published: January 2012

Background  Previous research has suggested a variety of possible relationships between the presence of symptoms of psychiatric disorder and challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disability. This study explores this relationship in a total population sample of adults with challenging behaviour.Materials and Methods  Over 800 service settings in a defined geographical area were screened to identify individuals with challenging behaviour. Detailed behavioural data, Psychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adults with a Developmental Disability (PAS‐ADD) checklist and Adaptive Behaviour Scale (Part 1) scores were collected on 76% of the 930 adults identified.Results  Just under 17% of participants reached threshold scores on one on more subscales of the PAS‐ADD checklist. There was some evidence of increasing behavioural severity being associated with increasing psychiatric symptoms. There were no associations between specific forms of challenging behaviour and individual symptoms.Conclusions  The data would appear supportive of previous suggestions that it is unlikely that the majority of challenging behaviours in adults with intellectual disability are underpinned by psychiatric disorder.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and FMR1 CGG Repeat Instability in Two Basque Valleys
Authors: Barasoain Maitane , Barrenetxea Gorka , Ortiz‐Lastra Eduardo , González Javier , Huerta Iratxe , Télez Mercedes , Ramírez Juan Manuel , Domínguez Amaia , Gurtubay Paula , Criado Begoña , Arrieta Isabel 
Published: January 2012

SummaryFragile X Syndrome (FXS, MIM 309550) is mainly due to the expansion of a CGG trinucleotide repeat sequence, found in the 5′ untranslated region of the FMR1 gene. Some studies suggest that stable markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the study of populations with genetic identity, could provide a distinct advance to investigate the origin of CGG repeat instability. In this study, seven SNPs (WEX28 rs17312728:G>T, WEX70 rs45631657:C>T, WEX1 rs10521868:A>C, ATL1 rs4949:A>G, FMRb rs25707:A>G, WEX17 rs12010481:C>T and WEX10 ss71651741:C>T) have been analyzed in two Basque valleys (Markina and Arratia). We examined the association between these SNPs and the CGG repeat size, the AGG interruption pattern and two microsatellite markers (FRAXAC1 and DXS548). The results suggest that in both valleys WEX28‐T, WEX70‐C, WEX1‐C, ATL1‐G, and WEX10‐C are preferably associated with cis‐acting sequences directly influencing instability. But comparison of the two valleys reveals also important differences with respect to: (1) frequency and structure of “susceptible” alleles and (2) association between “susceptible” alleles and STR and SNP haplotypes. These results may indicate that, in Arratia, SNP status does not identify a pool of susceptible alleles, as it does in Markina. In Arratia valley, the SNP haplotype association reveals also a potential new “protective” factor.
Essential oil of Croton zehntneri and its major constituent anethole display gastroprotective effect by increasing the surface mucous layer
Authors: Coelho‐de‐Souza Andrelina N. , Lahlou Saad , Barreto João E.F. , Yum Maria E.M. , Oliveira Ariclécio C. , Oliveira Hermógenes D. , Celedônio Nathalia R. , Feitosa Roney G.F. , Duarte Gloria P. , Santos Cláudia F. , de Albuquerque Aline A.C. , Leal‐Cardoso José H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCroton zehntneri, a plant native to northeastern Brazil, is widely used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal problems and has rich essential oil content. The effects of the essential oil of Croton zehntneri (EOCZ) and its main constituent anethole on several models of gastric lesions were studied in mice and rats. Oral treatment with EOCZ and anethole, both at doses of 30–300 mg/kg, caused similar and dose‐dependent gastroprotection against ethanol‐ and indomethacin‐induced gastric damage, but did not change cold‐restraint stress‐induced ulcers in rats. Furthermore, EOCZ and anethole (both at 30 and 300 mg/kg) similarly and significantly increased the mucus production by the gastric mucosa, measured by Alcian blue binding, in ethanol‐induced ulcer model. However, at the same doses, neither EOCZ nor anethole promoted significant alteration in gastric production of non‐protein sulfhydryl groups. In pylorus‐ligated model, neither EOCZ nor anethole (both at 30 and 300 mg/kg) had a significant effect on the volume of gastric juice, pH, or total acidity. The results of this study show for the first time that EOCZ possesses a gastroprotective potential, an effect mostly attributed to the action of anethole. This activity is related predominantly to the ability of EOCZ and anethole to enhance the production of gastric wall mucus, an important gastroprotective factor. Furthermore, they suggest that EOCZ has potential therapeutic application for the treatment of gastric ulcers.
Collaboration and integrated services for perinatal mental health: an integrative review
Authors: Myors Karen A. , Schmied Virginia , Johnson Maree , Cleary Michelle 
Published: January 2012

Background:  An integrative review was undertaken to synthesise the research related to professionals’ perceptions and experiences of working in collaborative and integrated models of perinatal care for women with mental health problems.Method:  A search of the databases CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Psychinfo and Scopus was conducted. Studies were limited to English language papers published from 2000 to 2010. Fourteen papers were included in the review.Results:  The overarching theme identified in the review related to the process of ‘making it happen’. Eight key elements were identified as central components of this process: funding and resources for collaboration; shared vision, aims and goals; pathways and guidelines; continuity of care; building relationships and trust; role clarity; training and education of staff and support to work in new ways.Conclusion:  Perinatal mental health is an emerging field that is particularly challenging as it requires professionals to work across disciplines and timeframes, where there is a risk of dichotomising care, compounding existing barriers to service uptake. Professionals need resources and to feel supported to change clinical practice and work in more collaborative ways. The voices of women and families are missing in the literature.
Using brief clinician and parent measures to track outcomes in outpatient child psychiatry: longer term follow‐up and comparative effectiveness
Authors: Murphy Michael , Kamin Hayley , Masek Bruce , Vogeli Christine , Caggiano Robert , Sklar Kenneth , Drubner Stacey , Buonopane Ralph , Picciotto Mark , Gold Joseph , Jellinek Michael 
Published: January 2012

Background:  This study explored the feasibility and validity of using brief clinician‐ and parent‐rated measures routinely over 6 months in outpatient child psychiatry.Method:  All patients under 18 years of age seen for intake in the Child Psychiatry Clinic from 1 August 2007 through 31 July 2010 were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data were collected at intake for 1033 patients and at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up.Results:  ANOVA for repeated measures showed statistically significant improvements in total and subscale scores on all three measures (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children, Children’s Global Assessment Scale, and Pediatric Symptom Checklist) at both second and third assessments.Conclusion:  The fact that both broadband and narrowband scales showed significant improvements over the first 6 months of care establishes the possibility that these measures could be used in experimental designs studying comparative effectiveness.
From Interdependence to ‘Modern’ Individualism: Families and the Emergence of Liberal Society in Canada
Authors: Christie Nancy 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article canvasses the two leading trajectories in the historiography of Canadian families: the demographic and the social and state regulatory. It also critically assesses the dominant historiographical view of the liberal order and the family which sees the latter largely as a sphere of economic relations. I also advance new theoretical departures and advocate the use of previously untapped sources such as familial correspondence, personal diaries, and legal records which will allow historians to explore the cultural directions of family life. These, I argue, will enable historians to recover alternate views of the relationship of public and private beyond conventional definitions of separate spheres which hitherto have relied too heavily on the gendered division of labour.
Ottoman Syria: Social History Through an Urban Lens
Authors: Reilly James A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA body of work on the social history of Ottoman Syria has developed in the years since 1980, written largely from the perspective of the region’s cities. Material from the interior towns of Aleppo, Damascus, Hama, Nablus and Jerusalem all has contributed to the literature. This article highlights major issues broached in the international scholarship. Topics include social bases of political factionalism, histories of elites and commoners, families and gender roles in various aspects of urban life, marginalized populations including prostitutes and slaves, and relationships between Muslims and non‐Muslims in Ottoman Syrian towns. Although Ottoman provincial histories are sometimes criticized as being anachronistically proto‐nationalist, the literature under review largely avoids this characterization. Its authors aim to explain the past, and sometimes to relate the past to the Middle East’s national present, but they do so within the historical context of the Ottoman sultanate.
Claude Cahun, Symbolism and Surrealism: The Importance of Historical Contextualisation
Authors: McGurk Siobhan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractClaude Cahun was a female Symbolist and Surrealist artist of The French Third Republic. Born under the name Lucy Schwob in 1894, Cahun moved to Paris in 1922 where she became close with Andre Breton and the Surrealist circle. Her artistic output is eclectic and includes creative writing, photographic self‐portraits, photomontages and found objects. Many of her works and writings play on seemingly modern and postmodern themes of gender, sexuality and identity. This essay explores the way in which the historiography has developed since the publication of the first substantial piece of research, a biography by Francois Leperlier, in 1992. I discuss how subsequent analyses by feminist and gender historians endlessly replicated the themes outlined in Leperlier’s work and argue that this created a limited understanding of the topic. Many of these historians use poststructuralist deconstructions to explain Cahun’s work, make assumptions about her knowledge and ignore the necessity of thorough historical contextualisation. I argue that by resituating Cahun within the socio‐cultural and political context of The Third Republic we will improve our understandings of her artistic output and of the sites of resistance from which minorities could refuse dominant republican and conservative ideas.
Use of Intravital Microscopy to Study the Microvascular Behavior of Microbubble‐Based Ultrasound Contrast Agents
Authors: SCHNEIDER MICHEL , BROILLET ANNE , TARDY ISABELLE , POCHON Sibylle , BUSSAT PHILIPPE , BETTINGER THIERRY , HELBERT ALEXANDRE , COSTA MARIA , TRANQUART FRANÇOIS 
Published: January 2012

Please cite this paper as: Schneider M, Broillet A, Tardy I, Pochon S, Bussat P, Bettinger T, Helbert A, Costa M, Tranquart F. Use of intravital microscopy to study the microvascular behavior of microbubble‐based ultrasound contrast agents. Microcirculation19: 245–259, 2012.AbstractPurpose:  The study describes the use of intravital microscopy (IVM) to assess the behavior of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs), including targeted UCAs, in the microcirculation of rodents.Materials and Methods:  IVM was performed on various exteriorized organs: hamster cheek pouch, rat mesentery, liver, spinotrapezius muscle, and mouse cremaster muscle. A dorsal skin‐fold chamber with MatBIII tumor cells was also implanted in rats. Nontargeted UCAs (SonoVue® and BR14) and targeted UCAs (BR55 and P‐selectin targeted microbubbles) were tested. IVM was used to measure microbubble size, determine their persistence, and observe their behavior in the blood circulation.Results:  Intravenous and intra‐arterial injections of high doses of UCAs did not modify the local microvascular hemodynamics. No microbubble coalescence and no increased size were observed. Adhesion of some microbubbles to leukocytes was observed in various microcirculation models. Microbubbles are captured by Kupffer cells in the liver. Targeted microbubbles were shown to adhere specifically to endothelial receptors without compromising local blood flow.Conclusion:  These results support the safety of both targeted and nontargeted UCAs as no microvascular flow alteration or plugging of microvessels were observed. They confirm that binding observed with targeted microbubbles are due to the binding of these microbubbles to specific endothelial receptors.
The effect of beclomethasone dipropionate in ultrafine particles on bronchial hyper‐reactivity in young children
Authors: Costa‐Katz Claudia L , Livnat Galit , Hakim Fahed , Vilozni Daphna , Bentur Yedidia , Bentur Lea 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim:  Bronchial hyper‐reactivity (BHR) provides a tool for asthma diagnosis, assessment of severity and response to treatment. The effect of beclomethasone dipropionate in ultrafine particles (BDP‐HFA) on BHR as measured by the adenosine challenge test in young children has not yet been determined. Our aim was to determine the effect of BDP‐HFA (100 μg twice daily) on BHR as evaluated by a reduction of 20% from baseline FEV1 (PC20‐FEV1) values in young asthmatic children.Methods:  Twenty‐one young children (13 males), mean age 4.95 ± 1.05 years, with partially controlled or controlled asthma completed a double‐blind randomized, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study. Each child received 4 weeks of treatment with either 100 μg BDP‐HFA twice daily or placebo, and after a 2‐week washout period the other way around. Primary outcomes were PC20‐FEV1 concentration, and the stage number at which FEV1 values dropped by 20%.Results:  Following 4 weeks of treatment, median PC20‐FEV1 was 81.28 mg/mL while on BDP‐HFA, compared with 9.64 mg/mL on placebo (p < 0.001). The median increase in stages required to achieve PC20 on BDP‐HFA compared with placebo was three (95% CI 2.28–4.86).Conclusion:  Four weeks of treatment with BDP‐HFA resulted in significantly decreased BHR in young children.