bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compensatory Increases in Nuclear PGC1α Protein Are Primarily Associated With Subsarcolemmal Mitochondrial Adaptations in ZDF Rats
Authors: Holloway Graham P. , Gurd Brendon J. , Snook Laelie A. , Lally Jamie , Bonen Arend 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
We examined in insulin-resistant muscle if, in contrast to long-standing dogma, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation is increased and whether this is attributed to an increased nuclear content of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) γ coactivator (PGC) 1α and the adaptations of specific mitochondrial subpopulations.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Skeletal muscles from male control and Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were used to determine 1) intramuscular lipid distribution, 2) subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondrial morphology, 3) rates of palmitate oxidation in subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria, and 4) the subcellular localization of PGC1α. Electotransfection of PGC1α cDNA into lean animals tested the notion that increased nuclear PGC1α preferentially targeted subsarcolemmal mitochondria.

RESULTS
Transmission electron microscope analysis revealed that in ZDF animals the number (+50%), width (+69%), and density (+57%) of subsarcolemmal mitochondria were increased (P &lt; 0.05). In contrast, intermyofibrillar mitochondria remained largely unchanged. Rates of palmitate oxidation were ∼40% higher (P &lt; 0.05) in ZDF subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria, potentially as a result of the increased PPAR-targeted proteins, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I, and fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36. PGC1α mRNA and total protein were not altered in ZDF animals; however, a greater (∼70%; P &lt; 0.05) amount of PGC1α was located in nuclei. Overexpression of PGC1α only increased subsarcolemmal mitochondrial oxidation rates.

CONCLUSIONS
In ZDF animals, intramuscular lipids accumulate in the intermyofibrillar region (increased size and number), and this is primarily associated with increased oxidative capacity in subsarcolemmal mitochondria (number, size, density, and oxidation rates). These changes may result from an increased nuclear content of PGC1α, as under basal conditions, overexpression of PGC1α appears to target subsarcolemmal mitochondria.
Effect of Intensive Compared With Standard Glycemia Treatment Strategies on Mortality by Baseline Subgroup Characteristics
Authors: Calles-Escandón Jorge , Lovato Laura C. , Simons-Morton Denise G. , Kendall David M. , Pop-Busui Rodica , Cohen Robert M. , Bonds Denise E. , Fonseca Vivian A. , Ismail-Beigi Faramarz , Banerji Mary Ann , Failor Alan , Hamilton Bruce 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
To determine if baseline subgroups in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial can be identified for whom intensive compared with standard glycemia treatment had different effects on all-cause mortality.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Exploratory post hoc intention-to-treat comparisons were made between intensive and standard glycemia groups on all-cause mortality by subgroups defined by baseline characteristics.

RESULTS
There were few significant interactions between baseline characteristics and effects of intensive versus standard glycemia treatment on mortality: self-reported history of neuropathy (hazard ratio [HR] 1.95, 95% CI 1.41–2.69) versus no history of neuropathy (0.99, 0.79–1.26; P value for interaction 0.0008), higher A1C (A1C &gt;8.5%: HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.22–2.22; A1C 7.5–8.4%: 1.00, 0.75–1.34; A1C &lt;7.5%: 1.00, 0.67–1.50; P value for interaction 0.04), and aspirin use (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.13–1.85, compared with 0.96, 0.72–1.27, in nonusers; P value for interaction 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
We found a remarkable similarity of effect from intensive compared with standard glycemia treatment on mortality across most baseline subgroups. No differential effect was found in subgroups defined by variables anticipated to have an interaction: age, duration of diabetes, and previous history of cardiovascular disease. The three baseline characteristics that defined subgroups for which there was a differential effect on mortality may help identify patients with type 2 diabetes at higher risk of mortality from intensive regimens for glycemic control. Further research is warranted.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome caused by combined use of lamotrigine and fluoxetine and review of the literature
Authors: Uluğ Mehmet , Uluğ Nuray , Celen Mustafa , Geyik Mehmet , Ayaz Celal 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare, life-threatening acute allergic drug reaction presenting with target lesions and blebs of epidermis. Although a variety of etiologies such as infections and underlying malignancies have been implicated as potential causes of SJS, drugs remain the predominant inciting agent. This report presents a SJS case due to combined use of lamotrigine and fluoxetine. A 41-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with fever, skin eruptions (especially on the face and trunk) and lesions around the mouth. The patient’s history revealed lamotrigine and fluoxetine use during the previous three weeks for major depression. Dermatological examination revealed a typical clinical picture of SJS; his psychotropic medications were all stopped. While topical and ocular prednisolone (1mg/kg/day) cares were initiated, steroid dosage was reduced within 15 days. The condition of patient rapidly improved through this treatment. Effective management of SJS begins with prompt recognition of the entity, combined with attention to each of the major organs that may be affected, potential comorbidities and withdrawal of all potentially causative drugs. Clinicians should bear in mind the possibility that drugs with potential risk in developing SJS must be used carefully.
Prevalence of primary aldosteronism among bulgarian hypertensive patients
Authors: Matrozova Joanna , Zacharieva Sabina , Kirilov Georgi , Boyanov Mihail 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA) has long been considered a rare disease, but a higher prevalence was suggested recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PA in a group of Bulgarian hypertensive patients, including patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AI). The aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR)>750 was used as a positive screening test and the Captopril test was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Adrenal CT scan was used to differentiate between the main subtypes of PA- aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). The diagnosis of APA was retrospectively confirmed after surgery. After excluding other forms of endocrine hypertension, except PA, we investigated a total of 472 consecutive hypertensive patients, among them 96 patients with AI. Final diagnosis of PA was reached in 38 patients (8.05%) in the entire hypertensive population and in 12 patients (12.5%) among hypertensive patients with AI. In the group of PA, 15 patients (39.5%) were diagnosed with APA and 23 patients (60.5%) had an IHA. Among all patients with PA 21 (55.3 %) presented with hypokalemia. Our findings of a relatively high prevalence of PA support an early diagnosis of this potentially curable disease, especially in hypertensive patients with AI.
Risk of hyperammonemic coma in the puerperium: two cases of women with diagnosed and undiagnosed deficiency of urea cycle enzymes
Authors: TIHTONEN KATI , UOTILA JUKKA , LÄHDE JYRKI , SALO MATTI , KESKINEN PÄIVI 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDeficiencies of urea cycle enzymes are rare metabolic disorders. Inadequate function of these enzymes may in worst cases lead to hyperammonemic encephalopathy and death. The danger of urea cycle enzyme deficiencies is that previously healthy adults with no prior medical history suggesting these deficiencies may suddenly develop life‐threatening complications during prolonged catabolic situations such as delivery or surgery. Since most of the metabolic disorders are diagnosed during childhood, it may sometimes be difficult to bear in mind these rare diseases as a cause of unconsciousness in adulthood. However, early diagnosis and prompt initiation of ammonia‐lowering treatment are essential for survival of these patients. We present two pregnant women with urea cycle disorders: one with a known deficiency and an uncomplicated outcome, and another with a previously undiagnosed disorder and life‐threatening course of the postpartum period.
Applications of aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy to thin oxide films and interfaces
Authors: Varela Maria , Gazquez Jaume , Lupini Andy R. , Luck Julia T. , Torija Maria A. , Sharma Manish , Leighton Chris , Biegalski Mike D. , Christen Hans M. , Murfitt Matt , Dellby Niklas , Krivanek Ondrej , Pennycook Stephen J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAberration correction in the scanning transmission electron microscope allows spatial resolutions of the order of one Ångström to be routinely achieved. When combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy, it is possible to simultaneously map the structure, the chemistry and even the electronic properties of materials in one single experiment. Here we will apply these techniques to the characterization of thin films and interfaces based on complex oxides with the perovskite structure. The relatively large lattice parameter of these materials combined with the fact that most of them have absorption edges within the reach of the spectrometer optics makes these materials ideal for these experiments. We will show how it is possible to map the chemistry of interfaces atomic plane by atomic plane, including light elements such as O. Applications to cobaltite and titanate thin films will be described.
Extended Thresholds I: Nomadism, Settlements and the Defiance of Figure‐Ground
Authors: Hensel Michael , Hensel Defne Sunguroğlu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSince the onset of cartography in the 18th century, the fixed datum line and the figure‐ground have become the predominant means of measuring and planning the built environment. In the first of three articles on the subject of extended thresholds, Michael Hensel and Defne Sunguroğlu Hensel challenge this reductionist convention. By taking Deleuze and his reading of nomadic ‘smooth’ space as a starting point, they look at alternative models provided by historic settlements in Turkey. These include: the neolithic settlement at Çatalhöyük in southern Anatolia; the medieval hillside town of Mardin in southern Turkey on the Syrian border; the carved spaces and cities of Cappadocia, such as Göreme; and underground cities such as Derinkuyu, also in central Turkey. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Making of Early Republican Ankara
Authors: Kezer Zeynep 
Published: January 2010

AbstractZeynep Kezer outlines the ascendancy and development of Ankara from an obscure, central Anatolian town into a capital city that was to become the focus of the new nation state. Informed by German architectural and technological expertise, it was executed to rigorous Modernist planning principles and aesthetics, and came to represent in urban form the polarisation of pre‐republican and republican Turkey. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medium‐Scale Anatolian Cities: Conceptual and Physical Routes of Urban Transformation
Authors: Tomruk Banu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBanu Tomruk investigates the post‐1980s transformation of the built environment of medium‐scale Anatolian cities. She examines the subject through a conceptual and physical framework that places as much emphasis on populist rhetoric – ‘identity crisis’, ‘historicisation’, ‘the making of a tourist city’ – as on the built structures themselves and their realisation as standardised apartment blocks and gated communities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Creating Interfaces for a Sustainable Cultural Programme for Istanbul: An Interview with Korhan Gümüş
Authors: Ertaş Hülya 
Published: January 2010

AbstractKorhan Gümüş, the Director of Urban and Architectural Projects for the Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture (ECOC) Agency, tells Hülya Ertaş about his agency's plans for managing the ECOC process, its intention to create a bottom‐up model and the challenges it faces. He discusses four of the agency's most significant projects and how these are being realised in collaboration with a wide variety of actors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extended Thresholds III: Auxiliary Architectures
Authors: Hensel Michael , Hensel Defne Sunguroğlu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn Turkey, there exists a rich tradition of auxiliary architecture that is supplementary to permanent domestic structures. In hot climates, it often provides essential shade, either as stand‐alone shelter or as transitional spaces between the cool interior and the sun‐exposed exterior. It is a history that offers great potential for innovative sustainable solutions that require little or no energy. Michael Hensel and Defne Sunguroğlu Hensel describe the work that they have undertaken in this area through the Auxiliary Architectures: Membrane and Cable‐Net Systems Workshop at the İzmir University of Economy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transforming Turkey: Eight Emerging Practices
Authors: Ertaş Hülya 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOver the last decade, Turkey has experienced an unprecedented construction boom. Many architects responded with commercial opportunism, collaborating in the design of gated communities and coastal resorts that did not contribute to the overall quality of the built interior. Hülya Ertaş focuses on the work of eight emerging practices whose integrity and original design approaches set them apart, and provides an alternative path for the future of architecture in Turkey. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raven Row, Spitalfields
Authors: Littlefield David 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSubject to many adaptations and reworkings over the centuries, Raven Row in London's Spitalfields displays resilience and an enduring quality. David Littlefield describes how 6a Architects have relied on impeccable judgement in their renovation of what were once silk merchants' premises into a non‐profit contemporary art centre, enabling them to combine cheeky references with authentic craftsmanship. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing for Low‐Carbon Lifestyles
Authors: Mitchell Mukti , Yeang Ken 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCarpenter, shipbuilder and pioneer of sustainable living Mukti Mitchell collaborates with Ken Yeang on an article espousing the widespread adoption of low‐carbon lifestyles. As well as discussing the adoption of CO2 reductions at the individual and global levels, they look at the extent to which architectural design can facilitate lifestyle carbon reductions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic Light: The Media Facades of realities:united
Authors: Croci Valentina 
Published: January 2010

AbstractValentina Croci reviews the recent work of realities:united, who first came into the spotlight in 2003 with their media facade for the Kunsthaus Graz. She highlights how recent projects, such as the Crystal Mesh for the Iluma Building in Singapore and the exterior of the C4 in Cordoba, Spain, transcend the notion of the digital facade as billboard. Lighting is dynamically applied, in order to enhance the three‐dimensional experience of architecture rather than to flatten it. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Museum is the Exhibit
Authors: Merkel Jayne 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFrank Lloyd Wright's bold spiralling building on Fifth Avenue in New York City is still, 50 years after it opened, the Guggenheim's most popular attraction. Surveys show that as many as a third of the visitors come to see the building itself, rather than the exhibitions or permanent collections on view. And yet, as Jayne Merkel explains, the New York Guggenheim's recent retrospective exhibition of the architect's work was the museum's first. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New, Efficient and Recyclable Lanthanum(III) Oxide‐ Catalyzed CN Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Murthy S. Narayana , Madhav B. , Reddy V. Prakash , Nageswar Y. V. D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA new and efficient protocol for the CN cross‐coupling of aryl halides with heteroaromatic amines in the presence of lanthanum(III) oxide (10 mol%) as a recyclable catalyst, N,N′‐dimethylethylenediamine (DMEDA) (20 mol%) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a base in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 110 °C has been developed. This inexpensive catalytic system is highly effective towards the amination of aryl halides with various nitrogen nucleophiles and is significantly tolerant towards other functional groups in the substrates.
Direct Synthesis of Dihydrobenzo[a]carbazoles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Annulation of Indoles
Authors: Jafarpour Farnaz , Hazrati Hamideh 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA straightforward one‐step synthesis of annulated indoles via palladium‐catalyzed, norbornene‐mediated sequential intermolecular aryl ortho‐alkylation/intramolecular indole CH activation has been devised. This method provides an efficient route to a wide variety of substituted 6,11‐dihydro‐5H‐benzo[a]carbazoles from readily accessible 3‐bromoalkylindoles and iodoarenes.
Asymmetric Synthesis with Silicon‐Based Bulky Amino Organocatalysts
Authors: Xu Li‐Wen , Li Li , Shi Zhi‐Hui 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRecent years have witnessed an explosive growth in the field of amino organocatalysis, especially in asymmetric enamine and iminium catalysis. Except for the obvious interaction between organocatalyst and substrate, the impact of bulky side group ons stereoselectivity is not as simple as one could imagine. Within the development of bulky site‐stereoselective organocatalysts, functional silyl organocatalysts with a bulky silicon group are promising and meet the high standards of modern synthetic methods. This review focuses on the recent advances in the synthetic applications of silicon‐based, bulky amino organocatalysts in which catalysts containing an organosilicon moiety or group play a formative role in controlling both the course of the reaction as well as the stereoselectivity.
An analysis of liquid CO2 drop formation with and without hydrate formation in static mixers
Authors: Tajima Hideo , Nagaosa Ryuichi , Yamasaki Akihiro , Kiyono Fumio 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe formation process of CO2 drops in various types of Kenics Static Mixers was analyzed from the perspective of energy dissipation in the mixer, focusing on the formation of drop surfaces. Experimental studies on CO2 drop formation were conducted under varying temperatures, pressure, and flow rates, with and without hydrate formation. Analysis of the CO2 drop size and distribution at several locations within the static mixer was conducted, as of pressure drop in the mixer, to determine dissipation energies. In all the experimental conditions, by considering the surface energy for hydrate formation, the energy required for the formation of CO2 drops correlated well with total energy dissipation by mixer flow, which is represented by a pressure drop along the mixer. This process has important applications to the formation of liquid CO2 for ocean disposal as a countermeasure to global warming. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Drying regime maps for particulate coatings
Authors: Cardinal Christine M. , Jung Yoon Dong , Ahn Kyung Hyun , Francis L. F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractKey microstructural properties of particulate coatings such as porosity and particle order are established during drying. Therefore, understanding the evolution of particulate distributions during drying is useful for designing coating properties. Here, a 1D model is proposed for the particle distribution through the coating thickness at different drying times and conditions, including Brownian diffusion, sedimentation, and evaporation. Effects of particle concentration on diffusion and sedimentation rates are included. Results are condensed onto a drying regime map which predicts the presence of particle surface accumulation or sediment based on two dimensionless numbers: the Peclet number and the sedimentation number. Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM) is used to image the transient particulate distributions during the drying of a model system comprised of monodisperse silica particles in water. Particle size and evaporation rates are altered to access various domains of the drying map. There is good agreement between cryoSEM observations and model predictions. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Hysteresis in cloud heights during solid suspension in stirred tank reactor: Experiments and CFD simulations
Authors: Sardeshpande Madhavi V. , Juvekar Vinay A. , Ranade Vivek V. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSolid suspension in stirred tank reactor is widely used in process industries for catalytic reactions, dissolution of solids, crystallization, and so on. Suspension quality is a key issue in design and operation of stirred reactor and its determination is not straight forward. Cloud height measurements of solid suspension provide a relatively simple way to quantify quality of suspension. In this work, experiments were carried out to quantify variation of cloud heights with impeller speed and particle characteristics. These measurements were carried out using visual observations, image analysis, and ultrasound velocity profiler techniques. The obtained data demonstrated the existence of hysteresis in cloud heights with respect to impeller speed. Apart from possible applications in reducing power required for achieving desired solid suspension quality, the existence of hysteresis also provides a new way to evaluate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of solid–liquid flows in stirred vessels. An attempt was made to capture observed hysteresis in cloud heights in CFD simulations. The simulated results were compared with the experimental data. The presented models and results (experimental and computational) will be useful for simulating complex solid–liquid flows in stirred reactors. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010