bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p14ARF genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to second primary malignancy in patients with index squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Zhang Yang , Sturgis Erich M. , Zafereo Mark E. , Wei Qingyi , Li Guojun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:p14ARF, an alternate reading frame (ARF) product of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A locus, plays a critical role in crosstalk between the tumor protein 53 (p53) and retinoblastoma (Rb) pathways and in cellular anticancer mechanisms. Therefore, the authors of this report investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the p14ARF gene and the risk of developing a second primary malignancy (SPM) after an index squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).METHODS:The log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of 2 p14ARF SNPs (reference SNP [rs]3731217 and rs3088440) with SPM‐free survival and with the risk of developing an SPM among 1287 patients who had SCCHN.RESULTS:Patients with either p14ARF variant genotypes of the 2 polymorphisms had a significantly reduced SPM‐free survival compared with patients with no variant genotypes (log‐rank test; P = .006). Compared with the p14ARF thymine‐thymine (TT) and guanine‐guanine (GG) genotypes, the variant genotypes of p14ARF TG/GG and guanine‐adenine (GA)/AA were associated with a significantly moderately increased risk of developing an SPM (p14ARF rs3731217: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00‐2.19; p14ARF rs3088440: aHR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.07‐2.43). Moreover, after combining the variant genotypes of the 2 SNPs, patients who had variant genotypes were at significantly greater risk of developing an SPM compared with patients who had no variant genotypes (aHR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.54‐6.12), and the risk was particularly pronounced in several subgroups.CONCLUSIONS:The current results suggested that there is a modestly increased risk of developing an SPM after an index SCCHN with each p14ARF polymorphism, and there is an even greater risk of developing an SPM for patients with combined variant genotypes of the 2 SNPs. Therefore, p14ARF polymorphisms may be susceptible markers of the risk of developing an SPM in patients with SCCHN. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Perineural invasion in pT3N0 rectal cancer
Authors: Peng Junjie , Sheng Weiqi , Huang Dan , Venook Alan P. , Xu Ye , Guan Zuqing , Cai Sanjun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors' purpose was to explore the incidence and prognostic significance of perineural invasion (PNI) in pT3N0 rectal cancer.METHODS:Pathologic materials from resected specimens of 173 patients with pT3N0 rectal cancer were retrospectively collected. PNI‐positivity was categorized into 2 groups: surrounding the nerve sheath (SS‐PNI) and invading through the nerve sheath (TS‐PNI). The rate of PNI‐positivity was compared with PNI as initially recorded in the original reports. Patients' outcome was studied in groups with different PNI status, and multivariate analysis was performed to determine its prognostic value.RESULTS:In this retrospective analysis, PNI‐positivity was found in 24.3% of all cases, in which SS‐PNI and TS‐PNI were 11% and 13.3%, respectively, and was related to lymphovascular invasion. Only 7.5% of patients' specimens were reported as PNI‐positive in the original reports. Detection of SS‐PNI was likelier to be missed than TS‐PNI. The rates of local recurrence, disease‐free survival, and overall survival at 5 years were similar between the groups of SS‐PNI and TS‐PNI. The 5‐year local recurrence rate was more than 2.5‐fold higher in the PNI‐positive group compared with the PNI‐negative group (22.7% vs 7.9%, respectively; P = .017). Multivariate analysis proved that PNI‐positivity was the only independent risk factor for predicting 5‐year local recurrence rate, whereas only sampled lymph nodes was related to 5‐year disease‐free survival and overall survival.CONCLUSIONS:PNI is a common pathologic feature in rectal cancer. The definition of PNI should include SS‐PNI and TS‐PNI. Rectal cancer patients who are PNI‐positive are at higher risk of local recurrence and should be considered for more intensive treatment. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Risk of colorectal cancer in self‐reported inflammatory bowel disease and modification of risk by statin and NSAID use
Authors: Samadder N. Jewel , Mukherjee Bhramar , Huang Shu‐Chen , Ahn Jaeil , Rennert Hedy S. , Greenson Joel K. , Rennert Gad , Gruber Stephen B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Statins and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in some studies. The objective of this study was to quantify the relative risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as a risk factor for CRC and to estimate whether this risk may be modified by long‐term use of NSAIDs or statins.METHODS:The Molecular Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer study is a population‐based, case‐control study of incident colorectal cancer in northern Israel and controls matched by age, sex, clinic, and ethnicity. Personal histories of IBD and medication use were measured by structured, in‐person interview. The relative risk of IBD and effect modification by statins and NSAIDs were quantified by conditional and unconditional logistic regression.RESULTS:Among 1921 matched pairs of CRC cases and controls, a self‐reported history of IBD was associated with a 1.9‐fold increased risk of CRC (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12‐3.26). Long‐term statin use was associated with a reduced risk of both IBD‐associated CRC (odds ratio [OR] = 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01‐0.78) and non‐IBD CRC (OR = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.39‐0.62). Stratified analysis suggested that statins may be more protective among those with IBD (ratio of OR = 0.14; 95% CI, 0.01‐1.31; P = .51), although not statistically significant. NSAID use in patients with a history of IBD was suggestive of reduced risk of CRC but did not reach statistical significance (OR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.12‐1.86).CONCLUSIONS:The risk of CRC was elevated 1.9‐fold in patients with IBD. Long‐term statin use was associated with reduced risk of CRC in patients with IBD. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Small traders in currency futures markets
Authors: Röthig Andreas , Chiarella Carl 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study examines the interrelation between small traders' open interest and large hedging and speculation in the Canadian dollar, Swiss franc, British pound, and Japanese yen futures markets. The results, based on Granger‐causality tests and vector autoregressive models, suggest that small traders' open interest is closely related to large speculators' open interest. Small traders and speculators tend to herd, which means that small traders are long [short] when speculators are long [short] as well. Moreover, small traders and speculators are positive feedback traders whereas hedgers are contrarians. Regarding information flows, speculators lead small traders in three of the four currency futures markets. The results therefore suggest that small traders are small speculators who follow the large speculators, indicating that they are less well informed than the large speculators. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 31:898–913, 2011
Tooth histology in the cretaceous ichthyosaur Platypterygius australis, and its significance for the conservation and divergence of mineralized tooth tissues in amniotes
Authors: Maxwell Erin E. , Caldwell Michael W. , Lamoureux Denis O. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIchthyosaurs are an extinct group of secondarily aquatic reptiles that show ligamentous tooth attachment to the jaw in some derived forms. Here, we provide a modern description of tooth histology in ichthyosaurs, using Platypterygius australis, a large ichthyosaur from the Cretaceous of Australia. Our study supports evolutionary conservation of the principal mineralized tooth tissue types in amniotes with ligamentous tooth attachment: enamel, dentine, cellular, and acellular cementum. This is the first time that the latter tissue has been located in ichthyosaurs. Vascularized cementum (osteocementum) is reduced or absent in amniotes in which the teeth are ankylosed to the jaw bone, such as basal ichthyosaurs, and raises questions regarding the function of this tissue and the potential developmental or selective conditions leading to its convergent evolution. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(phenylacetylenes) featuring activated ester side groups
Authors: Pauly Anja C. , Theato Patrick 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFour monomers based on 4‐ethynylbenzoic acid have been synthesized, one of those featuring an activated ester. With the metathesis catalytic system WCl6/Ph4Sn, these acetylenic monomers could successfully be polymerized yielding conjugated polymers with molecular weights of around 10,000 to 15,000 g/mol and molecular weight distributions Mw/Mn ≤ 2.1. Also the copolymerization of phenylacetylene or methyl 4‐ethynylbenzoate with pentafluorophenyl 4‐ethynylbenzoate as reactive unit was conducted. Polymer analogous reactions of the reactive polymers and copolymers with amines have been investigated and it was found that poly(pentafluorophenyl 4‐ethynylbenzoate) featured a significant reactivity, such that reactions proceeded quantitatively even with aromatic amines. Moreover the UV‐Vis spectra of the activated ester based polymer before and after conversion with aliphatic amines showed a change, indicating an effect on the conjugated backbone of the polymers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Prediction of endometrial malignancy in women with postmenopausal bleeding and sonographic endometrial thickness ≥ 4.5 mm
Authors: Opolskiene G. , Sladkevicius P. , Valentin L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo build mathematical models for evaluating the individual risk of endometrial malignancy in women with postmenopausal bleeding and sonographic endometrial thickness ≥ 4.5 mm using clinical data, sonographic endometrial thickness and power Doppler ultrasound findings.MethodsOf 729 consecutive patients with postmenopausal bleeding, 261 with sonographic endometrial thickness ≥ 4.5 mm and no fluid in the uterine cavity were included. They underwent transvaginal two‐dimensional gray‐scale and power Doppler ultrasound examination of the endometrium. The ultrasound image showing the most vascularized section through the endometrium as assessed by power Doppler was frozen, the endometrium was outlined and the percentage vascularized area (vascularity index) was calculated using computer software. The ultrasound examiner also estimated the color content of the endometrial scan on a visual analog scale (VAS) graded from 0 to 100 (VAS score). A structured history was taken to collect clinical information. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to create mathematical models to predict endometrial malignancy.ResultsThere were 63 (24%) malignant and 198 (76%) benign endometria. Women with a malignant endometrium were older (median age 74 vs. 65 years; P = 0.0005) and fewer used hormone replacement therapy and warfarin. Women with a malignant endometrium had a thicker endometrium (median thickness 20.8 vs. 10.2 mm; P = 0.0005) and higher values for vascularity index and VAS score. When using only clinical data to build a model for estimating the risk of endometrial malignancy, a model including the variables age, use of warfarin and use of hormone replacement therapy had the largest area under the receiver–operating characteristics curve (AUC), with a value of 0.74 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.67–0.81). A model including age, use of warfarin and endometrial thickness had an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.76–0.87), and one including age, use of hormone replacement therapy, endometrial thickness and vascularity index had an AUC of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.87–0.95). Using a risk cut‐off of 11%, the latter model had sensitivity 90%, specificity 71%, positive likelihood ratio 3.14 and negative likelihood ratio 0.13.ConclusionsThe diagnostic performance of models predicting endometrial cancer increases substantially when sonographic endometrial thickness and power Doppler information are added to clinical variables. The models are likely to be clinically useful but need to be prospectively validated. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of Brazilian zoos in ex situ bird conservation: from 1981 to 2005
Authors: Azevedo Cristiano S. , Young Robert J. , Rodrigues Marcos 
Published: November 2010

AbstractZoos may play an important role in conservation when they maintain and breed large numbers of animals that are threatened with extinction. Bird conservation is in a privileged situation owing to the extensive biological information available about this class. Annual inventories produced by the “Sociedade de Zoológicos do Brasil” in the years 1981, 1990, 2000, and 2005 were analyzed. Variables, such as the number of zoos per geographic region; number of birds held; number of bird species in each IUCN threat category; number of exotic and native bird species; number of potentially breeding bird species; number of bird species in each order; and number of threatened bird species breeding, were analyzed. Brazilian zoos kept more than 350 bird species. The number of bird species and specimens held by the Brazilian Zoos increased from 1981 to 2000, but decreased in 2005. The same pattern was observed for the number of species in each IUCN threat category. Results showed that the potential of the Brazilian zoos in bird conservation needs to be enhanced because they maintain threatened species but do not implement systematic genetic, reproductive, or behavioral management protocols for most species. Zoo Biol 30:655–671, 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationships of grain carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and ash content with yield and quality in dry bean
Authors: TSIALTAS J. T. , PAPADOPOULOS I. I. , TAMOUTSIDIS E. G. , TOKATLIDIS I. S. 
Published: November 2010

SUMMARYDry bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) is a traditional crop of north-western Macedonia, Greece, where two landraces (plaki PrespasandChrisoupoli) in particular are grown. The aim of this study was to test whether the grain carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and ash content (ASH) are related to grain yield (GY), protein content (PC) and mean grain weight (MGW) in dry bean. As a part of a honeycomb selection programme, 21 genotypes (19 lines derived via intra-landrace honeycomb selection for single plant yield at low density plus the two original populations) were grown at two densities, 1·2 and 4·8 plants/m2under non-limiting water conditions in a glasshouse and in the field. Genotypes differed significantly for Δ, ASH and PC under the low density. In the dense stand, genotypes differed significantly only for ASH and PC. The environment (glasshouse or field conditions) affected all the traits significantly. Neither Δ nor ASH showed strong or consistent relationships with GY and thus, they cannot serve as reliable, indirect selection criteria for GY. Strong, negative relationships between Δ and PC were found especially in the dense stand, confirming analogous results in C3cereals. Inconsistent genotypic ranking for grain physiological traits under the different densities and environments was indicative of large genotype×environment interaction. Genotypes performed consistently for GY and MGW under both densities, showing the strong stability of these traits.
The anxiety disorders and suicidal ideation: accounting for co-morbidity via underlying personality traits
Authors: Naragon-Gainey K. , Watson D. 
Published: November 2010

BackgroundThe anxiety disorders are robust correlates/predictors of suicidal ideation, but it is unclear whether (a) the anxiety disorders are specifically associated with suicidal ideation or (b) the association is due to co-morbidity with depression and other disorders. One means of modeling co-morbidity is through the personality traits neuroticism/negative emotionality (N/NE) and extraversion/positive emotionality (E/PE), which account for substantial shared variance among the internalizing disorders. The current study examines the association between the internalizing disorders and suicidal ideation, after controlling for co-morbidity via N/NE and E/PE.MethodThe sample consisted of 327 psychiatric out-patients. Multiple self-report and interview measures were collected for internalizing disorders [depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social anxiety, panic and specific phobia] and suicidal ideation, as well as self-report measures for N/NE and E/PE. A model was hypothesized in which each disorder and suicidal ideation was regressed on N/NE, and depression and social anxiety were regressed on E/PE. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the unique association of suicidality with each disorder, beyond shared variance with N/NE and E/PE.ResultsThe hypothesized model was an acceptable fit to the data. Although zero-order analyses indicated that suicidal ideation was moderately to strongly correlated with all of the disorders, only depression and PTSD remained significantly associated with suicidal ideation in the SEM analyses.ConclusionsIn a latent variable model that accounts for measurement error and a broad source of co-morbidity, only depression and PTSD were uniquely associated with suicidal ideation; panic, GAD, social anxiety and specific phobia were not.
Sexual Function and Depressive Symptoms among Male North American Medical Students
Authors: Smith James F. , Breyer Benjamin N. , Eisenberg Michael L. , Sharlip Ira D. , Shindel Alan W. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The role of sexuality as an association of medical student well-being has not been extensively studied.

Aim
We explored the relationship between depressive symptoms, sexuality, and sexual dysfunction in male North American medical students.

Main Outcome Measure
North American medical students were invited to participate in an Internet-based survey. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was utilized to screen for depressive symptoms.

Methods
Subjects completed an ethnodemographic survey, a sexuality survey, and instruments for the quantification of anxiety, sexuality, and psychosocial function. Descriptive statistics, odds ratios (ORs), and logistic regression were used to analyze our data.

Results
There were 844 male subjects with complete data on the CES-D and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Index. Depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16) were present in 37% of respondents and were more common in subjects with greater levels of anxiety. Subjects who were in sexual relationships and/or had frequent sexual activity were less likely to be depressed compared to other subjects. Erectile dysfunction (ED) was associated with significantly greater likelihood of depressive symptoms (OR 2.90 and 9.27 for depressive symptoms in men with mild or moderate/severe ED relative to men without ED, P &lt;0.01). After adjusting for ethnodemographic and sexual history factors, ED remained significantly positively associated with depressive symptoms (OR 2.87 and 6.59 for depressive symptoms in men with mild or moderate/severe ED relative to men without ED after adjustment, P ≤ 0.01). Inclusion of data related to psychosocial/relationship factors in the multivariate model eliminated the significant association between ED and depressive symptoms (OR 1.59 and 2.29 for depressive symptoms in men with mild or moderate/severe ED relative to men without ED after adjustment with the Self-Esteem and Relationship quality instrument, P &gt; 0.05), suggesting that psychosocial factors were more strongly associated with depressive symptoms than erectile function.

Conclusion
Healthy sexuality and relationships may be protective against depressive symptoms in medical students. Attention to these factors may enhance medical student well-being.
Geological factors effecting compartmentalization of Rotliegend gas fields in the Netherlands
Authors: Van Hulten F. F. N. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Since the discovery of the Groningen field, fifty years ago, more than 250 gas fields have been discovered in the Netherlands. A study of most of these fields shows that connected volumes are often smaller than expected from volumetric evaluation. Seismic uncertainty can often be argued as an explanation for the discrepancy, but there may be also a geological explanation. Most gas fields are found in the Permian Rotliegend and good drainage is expected because the reservoirs are relatively thick and homogeneous. Minor faulting is often thought to cause drainage problems, but this study shows it is likely in a number of cases. Twenty three Rotliegend fields with connectivity problems have been studied in part of the Dutch offshore. This analysis outlines a number of regions in the Rotliegend fairway that share a risk for fault seal and therefore reduced connected volumes. Fault seal analysis is important to understand compartmentalization but does not explain all discrepancies. In a number of regions, fault seal analysis is unsuccessful because cataclastic sand-to-sand sealing strike–slip faults are difficult to detect. Stratigraphic compartmentalization is seen to play a role in some well defined areas of the basin. A better understanding of the connectivity problems can highlight areas attractive for appraisal and near field exploration.
Multi-fault analysis scorecard: testing the stochastic approach in fault seal prediction
Authors: Corona F. V. , Davis J. S. , Hippler S. J. , Vrolijk P. J. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Multi-fault analysis is an ExxonMobil stochastic tool for analysing the impact and sensitivities of stratigraphic uncertainty and variability on cross-fault leakage of hydrocarbons in faulted traps. This juxtaposition-based method provides quantitative prediction of hydrocarbon contact levels through a complex system of structural spills and juxtaposition leak points in traps with stacked reservoir systems and one or more faults. Validation of the Multi-fault analysis technology was carried out by comparing pre-drill predictions to post-drill results from 41 faulted exploration prospects drilled from 1994–2001. Of the 41 prospects, 29 were valid tests in which we made 22 successful predictions. Of the 22 successful outcomes, 11 were discoveries and 11 were dry wells. Some of the dry wells were drilled assuming the presence of sealing fault-zone material to trap hydrocarbons despite a Multi-fault analysis failure prediction. The seven Multi-fault failures comprise four predicted successes that were failures and three predicted failures that were successes. Most of the Multi-fault prediction failures can be attributed to data quality and uncertainty; however, some may be associated with sealing fault-zone material. Other considerations in fault seal analysis (i.e. dip leak along faults and sealing fault zone materials), model input uncertainties, and using drill-well learnings are also discussed.