bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for bacteria detection in Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae) (L.)
Authors: Gaio Analiz de Oliveira , Rodrigues Rivea CC , do Nascimento Cássio , Secundino Nagila FC , Lemos Francisco JA , Pimenta Paulo FP , Monesi Nadia 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Bacteria associated with insects can have a substantial impact on the biology and life cycle of their host. The checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique is a semi-quantitative technique that has been previously employed in odontology to detect and quantify a variety of bacterial species in dental samples. Here we tested the applicability of the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique to detect the presence of Aedes aegypti-associated bacterial species in larvae, pupae and adults of A. aegypti.

Findings
Using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique we could detect and estimate the number of four bacterial species in total DNA samples extracted from A. aegypti single whole individuals and midguts. A. aegypti associated bacterial species were also detected in the midgut of four other insect species, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Drosophila melanogaster, Bradysia hygida and Apis mellifera.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique can be employed to study the microbiota composition of mosquitoes. The method has the sensitivity to detect bacteria in single individuals, as well as in a single organ, and therefore can be employed to evaluate the differences in bacterial counts amongst individuals in a given mosquito population. We suggest that the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique is a straightforward technique that can be widely used for the characterization of the microbiota in mosquito populations.
Modification of Montmorillonite with Poly(Oxypropylene) Amine Hydrochlorides: Basal Spacing, Amount Intercalated, and Thermal Stability
Authors: Wang Yaqing , Wang Xiaoqun , Duan Yifeng , Liu Yuzhong , Du Shanyi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFew studies have explored the change in thermal stability of poly(oxypropylene) (POP) ammonium ions after intercalation, even though several studies have focused on the modification of montmorillonite (Mt) with POP amine hydrochloride. The purpose of the present study was to understand the effect of chain length of POP amine hydrochlorides on the basal spacing of modified Mt, and the amount and thermal stability of the ammonium ions intercalated. The relations between basal spacing, organic fraction, and thermal stability of the ammonium ions intercalated were also explored. Series of modified Mt were prepared via ion-exchange between Na+-montmorillonite (Na+-Mt) and POP diammonium ions or POP triammonium ions with different chain lengths, and were then characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetric analysis. The results revealed that the basal spacing of modified Mt increased with the hydrophobic chain length of the POP ammonium ions. The amount of triammonium ions intercalated was close to the theoretical amount, while the organic fraction of modified Mt was directly proportionalto the basalspacing of modified Mt. The intercalated ammonium ions were, therefore, contained within the interlayer space ofMt. After intercalation, the thermal stability of the POP ammonium ions with various chain lengths was reduced; i.e.Tonset was reduced by 7–60°C for short-chain POP ammonium ions (D400 and T403) and by 177–192°C for long-chain ions (D2000, D4000, T3000, and T5000).
Study of the Interaction Between Bentonite and a Strain of Bacillus Mucilaginosus
Authors: Zhu Yun , Li Yan , Lu Anhuai , Wang Haoran , Yang Xiaoxue , Wang Changqiu , Cao Weizheng , Wang Qinghua , Zhang Xiaolei , Pan Danmei , Pan Xiaohong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMineral-microbe interactions are widespread in a number of environmental processes such as mineral weathering, decomposition, and transformation. Both clay minerals and silicate-weathering bacteria are widely distributed in nature, and the latter contribute to weathering, diagenesis, and mineralization of major rock-forming minerals. The purpose of this study was to observe changes in the chemical composition and structure, especially the phase transformation, of smectite after processing by a silicate-weathering bacterium. The interaction between Bacillus mucilaginosus and bentonite was studied using custom culture media. Results from Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry revealed that the bacterium promoted release of Si and Al from solid bentonite to solution. Concomitantly, the Ka nd Fe contents of the mineral increased as shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. After interaction with the bacterium, the montmorillonite underwent a possible structure transformation to smectite, as indicated by the emergence of a new weak peak (d = 9.08 Å) shown by X-ray diffraction patterns. The mineralogical changes were also demonstrated by the decrease in the specific surface area of the mineral from 33.0 to 24.0 m2/g (these lower values for SSA of bentonite are related to the particle size of the smectite examined (120-160 mesh) and the weakened absorption bands in Al-O-H and Si-O-Si vibrations by Micro Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology changes in the bacteria observed by environmental scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed an obvious growth of the flagella in the presence of bentonite.
Prednisone affects inflammation, glucose tolerance, and bone turnover within hours of treatment in healthy individuals
Authors: Kauh Eunkyung , Mixson Lori , Malice Marie-Pierre , Mesens Sofie , Ramael Steven , Burke Joanne , Reynders Tom , Van Dyck Kristien , Beals Chan , Rosenberg Elizabeth , Ruddy Marcella 
Published: December 2011

ObjectiveUse of glucocorticoids for anti-inflammatory efficacy is limited by their side effects. This study examined, in the same individuals, prednisone's acute, dose-dependent effects on inflammation as well as biomarkers of glucose regulation and bone homeostasis.DesignIn this randomized, double-blind, parallel-design trial of healthy adults demonstrating cutaneous allergen-induced hypersensitivity, patients received placebo or prednisone 10, 25 or 60 mg daily for 7 days.MethodsEffects on peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count,ex vivowhole blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated TNF-α release and response to cutaneous allergen challenge were assessed concurrently with biomarkers for glucose tolerance and bone turnover.ResultsDifferential peripheral WBC counts changed significantly within hours of prednisone administration.Ex vivo, LPS-stimulated TNF-α was significantly reduced by all prednisone doses on days 1 and 7. The late phase cutaneous allergen reaction was significantly reduced with prednisone 60 mg vs placebo on days 1 and 7. Oral glucose tolerance tests revealed significant increases in glycaemic excursion on days 1 and 7, whereas increases in insulin and C-peptide excursions were more notable on day 7 with all doses of prednisone. The bone formation markers osteocalcin, and procollagen I N- and C-terminal peptides decreased significantly on days 1 and 7 vs placebo.ConclusionsIn healthy young adults after single doses as low as 10 mg, prednisone treatment has significant effects on glucose tolerance and bone formation markers within hours of treatment, in parallel with anti-inflammatory effects.
Frequent Mutation of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)1 and IDH2 in Cholangiocarcinoma Identified Through Broad-Based Tumor Genotyping
Authors: Borger Darrell R. , Tanabe Kenneth K. , Fan Kenneth C. , Lopez Hector U. , Fantin Valeria R. , Straley Kimberly S. , Schenkein David P. , Hezel Aram F. , Ancukiewicz Marek , Liebman Hannah M. , Kwak Eunice L. , Clark Jeffrey W. , Ryan David P. , Deshpande Vikram , Dias-Santagata Dora , Ellisen Leif W. , Zhu Andrew X. , Iafrate A. John 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Cancers of origin in the gallbladder and bile ducts are rarely curable with current modalities of cancer treatment. Our clinical application of broad-based mutational profiling for patients diagnosed with a gastrointestinal malignancy has led to the novel discovery of mutations in the gene encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in tumors from a subset of patients with cholangiocarcinoma. A total of 287 tumors from gastrointestinal cancer patients (biliary tract, colorectal, gastroesophageal, liver, pancreatic, and small intestine carcinoma) were tested during routine clinical evaluation for 130 site-specific mutations within 15 cancer genes. Mutations were identified within a number of genes, including KRAS (35%), TP53 (22%), PIK3CA (10%), BRAF (7%), APC (6%), NRAS (3%), AKT1 (1%), CTNNB1 (1%), and PTEN (1%). Although mutations in the metabolic enzyme IDH1 were rare in the other common gastrointestinal malignancies in this series (2%), they were found in three tumors (25%) of an initial series of 12 biliary tract carcinomas. To better define IDH1 and IDH2 mutational status, an additional 75 gallbladder and bile duct cancers were examined. Combining these cohorts of biliary cancers, mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 were found only in cholangiocarcinomas of intrahepatic origin (nine of 40, 23%) and in none of the 22 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and none of the 25 gallbladder carcinomas. In an analysis of frozen tissue specimens, IDH1 mutation was associated with highly elevated tissue levels of the enzymatic product 2-hydroxyglutarate. Thus, IDH1 mutation is a molecular feature of cholangiocarcinomas of intrahepatic origin. These findings define a specific metabolic abnormality in this largely incurable type of gastrointestinal cancer and present a potentially new target for therapy.
Development of cephalexin-loaded poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) colloidal nanospheres
Authors: Yordanov Georgi 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
This article considers the preparation and physicochemical characterization of a novel colloidal formulation of the β-lactam antibiotic cephalexin, loaded in poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) colloidal nanospheres. The drug was loaded by means of drug incorporation in the interior of poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) particles during the polymerization of the respective monomer in aqueous medium. The obtained colloids were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It was found that the drug loading efficiency depends on the initial concentration of monomer and cephalexin in the polymerization medium. The average size of cephalexin-loaded particles was around 400 nm and did not depend significantly on the concentrations of drug and monomer. Drug-loaded particles with drug content as high as 21% (w/w) were prepared. The drug release kinetics was studied in physiological phosphate-buffered saline. It was found that a biexponential model could describe well the experimental release kinetics.
Motives of espionage against ones own country in the light of idiographic studies
Authors: Michalak Sebastian 
Published: December 2011

Motives of espionage against ones own country in the light of idiographic studies
The money is perceived as the common denominator among people who have spied against their own country. This assumption is common sense and appears to be self-evident truth. But do we have any hard evidences to prove the validity of such a statement? What method could be applied to determine it? This article is a review of the motives behind one's resorting to spying activity which is a complex and multifarious process. I decided to present only the phenomenon of spying for another country. The studies on the motives behind taking up spying activity are idiographic in character. One of the basic methodological problems to be faced by the researchers of this problem is an inaccessibility of a control group.
Self-concept and self-esteem: How the content of the self-concept reveals sources and functions of self-esteem
Authors: Lachowicz-Tabaczek Kinga , Śniecińska Justyna 
Published: December 2011

Self-concept and self-esteem: How the content of the self-concept reveals sources and functions of self-esteemThe relations of content of self-concept to self-esteem may reflect the role of different factors in developing self-esteem. On the basis of theories describing sources of self-esteem, we distinguished four domains of self-beliefs: agency, morality, strength and energy to act, and acceptance by others, which we hypothesized to be related to self-esteem. In two studies, involving 411 university students, the relationship between self-esteem and self-concept was examined. The results confirmed relative independence of these four domains. Self-evaluation of agency was the strongest predictor of self-esteem, followed by self-evaluation of strength and energy to act, and self-evaluation of acceptance by others. Self-evaluation regarding morality turned out to have either no or negative relationship with self-esteem. The results supported the theories assuming that either perception of one's own agency or acceptance by others are sources of self-esteem.
Opportunities for PPP in Culture
Authors: Buzinkayová Mária 
Published: December 2011

Opportunities for PPP in Culture
In recent years, the importance of PPP has increased - but the projects still remain focused and concentrated in the infrastructure / transport industry. Public-private partnership in some areas of the cultural sector could provide many benefits to both par-ties. There is at present an absence of any mentionable experience with PPP projects in the culture and no special legislation for this application area. This article aims to provide a brief analysis of the advantages and problems of the PPP projects in the field of culture that is dominated by the state offers and their influence on the future situation in this sector.
Analysis of E-marketing Strategies
Authors: Hasan Jamal 
Published: December 2011

Analysis of E-marketing Strategies
The Internet has led to an increasingly connected environment, and the growth of Internet usage has resulted in declining distribution of traditional media: television, radio, newspapers and magazines. Marketing in this connected environment and the use of that connectivity to market is e-marketing. E-Marketing embraces a wide range of strategies, but what underpins successful e-marketing is a user-centric and cohesive approach to these strategies. While the Internet and the World Wide Web have enabled what we call New Media, the theories that led to the development of the Internet have been developed since the 1950s. This paper focuses on only e-marketing strategies, not the plan of e-marketing.
First documented record of barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) in the Antarctic
Authors: Korczak-Abshire Małgorzata , Lees Alexander , Jojczyk Agata 
Published: December 2011

First documented record of barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) in the AntarcticHere we report a photo-documented record of a barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) from the South Shetland Islands. We also review previous records of passerine vagrants in the Antarctic (south of the Antarctic Convergence Zone). This barn swallow is the first recorded member of the Hirundinidae family on King George Island and is only the second passerine recorded in the South Shetland Islands. This sighting, along with previous records of austral negrito and austral trush represent the southernmost sightings of any passerine bird anywhere in the world.
New species of desmosomatid isopods from Admiralty Bay, King George Island
Authors: Zemko Karol , Brix Saskia 
Published: December 2011

New species of desmosomatid isopods from Admiralty Bay, King George IslandTwo new species of desmosomatid isopods,Eugerdella margaretaesp. n. andEugerdella celatasp. n. are described from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetlands. Information is added to the original description ofEugerdella falklandica(Nordenstam, 1933) based on re-examination of the holotype. Both new species are similar toE. falklandica, for example by the body shape, the shape of pleotelson and presence of rows of four horn-like spines on the head. They are distinguished fromE. falklandicaby the number of setae on pereopod articles.Eugerdella celatasp. n. is distinguished by the presence of ventral spines on pereonites 1-4.
Occurrence and temporal variations of groundwater outflows in the Petuniabukta region, Spitsbergen
Authors: Szczucińska Anna 
Published: December 2011

Occurrence and temporal variations of groundwater outflows in the Petuniabukta region, Spitsbergen
The occurrence and temporal variations of polar shallow groundwater systems and associated seasonal springs and seeps are studied using the example of springs and seeps in the vicinity of the eastern coast of Petuniabukta in central Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Altogether, 37 groundwater outflows were documented. The outflows were mostly located at the foot of talus slopes and were characterised by small discharges (<1 dm3s-1). The water emerging from the outflows varied widely in terms of temperature and specific electrical conductivity (SpC). These outflows were supplied mainly by water from permafrost, melting snowfields and rainfall. Daily changes were studied in four of the outflows during July 2006. The observed water discharges ranged from 0.04 to 0.7 dm3s-1, and the temporal variations for the particular outflows were on the order of 50% of the average value. The water temperature amplitude for particular outflows was up to 1.5°C. The SpC was approximately 200 μScm-1 and increased with time by almost 40 μScm-1 in the case of two outflows draining talus slopes. The water emerging from two springs in carbonate and sulphate rocks had an SpC up to 1295 μScm-1, and in one case, its increase with time was observed to be 300 μScm-1. The increase in the SpC with time probably reflects a decrease in the contribution of snow meltwater in the groundwater recharge. Among the major local factors affecting the groundwater outflows' water quality and discharge rate were the following: geomorphology, rock type, meteorological conditions, state of permafrost and local water storage.
Distribution and diversity of cumacean assemblages in Admiralty Bay, King George Island
Authors: Pabis Krzysztof , Błażewicz-paszkowycz Magdalena 
Published: December 2011

Distribution and diversity of cumacean assemblages in Admiralty Bay, King George IslandEleven species of cumaceans were found in 105 samples collected in Admiralty Bay (King George Island) in the summers of 1984/85 and 1985/86, from 20 to 500 m depth range. Four cumacean assemblages were distinguished using the multivariate analysis. They were characterized by the dominance of one or two species often with low density values. Two assemblages were found in open waters of Admiralty Bay. The first inhabited on sandy-clay-silt and silty-clay-sand bottom deposits in the depth range from 140 to 330 m, withCampylaspis maculata(1.6 ± 2.1 ind./0.1m2; F = 72.4%) andLeuconsp. (1.4 ± 1.6 ind./0.1m2; F = 68.9%) as key species. The second assemblage was found in the depth range from 50 to 120 m with silty-sand sediments, and it was characterized by the presence of Vauthompsonia inermis (6.5 ± 6.6 ind./0.1m2; F = 92.0%). A third assemblage was found in shallow waters influenced by glaciers in the bottom area of Ezcurra Inlet. It was characterized by sandy-clay-silt sediments and the presence ofEudorella splendida(14.6 ± 9.4 ind./0.1m2; F = 100.0%) as a core species. The last assemblage was found in the shallow sublittoral (50-100 m) of Ezcurra Inlet and the central basin, withDiastylis anderssoni armata(1.5 ± 1.1 ind./0.1m2; F = 85.7%) andDiastylopsis goekei(1.1 ± 1.0 ind./0.1m2; F = 71.4%) as the most frequent and abundant species.V. inermisis considered a eurytopic species with high frequency in the whole material, and was present in all four distinguished assemblages.E. splendidaandD. goekeiwere also recorded in each of the assemblages, but their total frequency was lower.
New data on the distribution of stenothoid amphipods (Crustacea) from Scotia Arc, West Antarctic
Authors: Jażdżewska Anna , Krapp-Schickel Traudl 
Published: December 2011

New data on the distribution of stenothoid amphipods (Crustacea) from Scotia Arc, West Antarctic
This paper presents new records of stenothoids from the Scotia Arc (West Antarctic). Altogether twenty species were recorded, two of which are reported in the West Antarctic for the first time. In addition, two species are here recorded for the first time since their description. New data on distribution are supplemented by taxonomical remarks on the collected species.
Snow distribution patterns on Svalbard glaciers derived from radio-echo soundings
Authors: Grabiec Mariusz , Puczko Dariusz , Budzik Tomasz , Gajek Grzegorz 
Published: December 2011

Snow distribution patterns on Svalbard glaciers derived from radio-echo soundings
The spatial distribution of snow thickness on glaciers is driven by a set of climatological, meteorological, topographical and orographic conditions. This work presents results of snow accumulation studies carried out from 2006 to 2009 on glaciers of different types: valley glacier, ice plateau and ice cap. In order to determine snow depth, a shallow radio echo-sounding method was used. Based on the results, the following snow distribution patterns on Svalbard glaciers have been distinguished: precipitation pattern, precipitation-redistribution pattern, redistribution pattern and complex pattern. The precipitation pattern assumes that the snow distribution on glaciers follows the altitudinal gradient. If the accumulation gradient is significantly modified by local factors like wind erosion and redeposition, or local variability of precipitation, the accumulation pattern turns into the precipitation-redistribution pattern. In the redistribution pattern, local factors play a crucial role in the spatial variability of snow depth. The complex pattern, however, demonstrates the co-existence of different snow distribution patterns on a single glacial object (glacier/icecap/ice field).
Modelling of seafloor multiples observed in OBS data from the North Atlantic - new seismic tool for oceanography?
Authors: Grad Marek , Mjelde Rolf , Czuba Wojciech , Guterch Aleksander , Schweitzer Johannes ,   IPY Project Group
Published: December 2011

Modelling of seafloor multiples observed in OBS data from the North Atlantic - new seismic tool for oceanography?In marine seismic wide-angle profiling the recorded wave field is dominated by waves propagating in the water. These strong direct and multiple water waves are generally treated as noise, and considerable processing efforts are employed in order minimize their influences. In this paper we demonstrate how the water arrivals can be used to determine the water velocity beneath the seismic wide-angle profile acquired in the Northern Atlantic. The pattern of water multiples generated by air-guns and recorded by Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) changes with ocean depth and allows determination of 2D model of velocity. Along the profile, the water velocity is found to change from about 1450 to approximately 1490 m/s. In the uppermost 400 m the velocities are in the range of 1455-1475 m/s, corresponding to the oceanic thermocline. In the deep ocean there is a velocity decrease with depth, and a minimum velocity of about 1450 m/s is reached at about 1.5 km depth. Below that, the velocity increases to about 1495 m/s at approximately 2.5 km depth. Our model compares well with estimates from CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) data collected nearby, suggesting that the modelling of water multiples from OBS data might become an important oceanographic tool.