bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Success Factors of Product Innovation: An Updated Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Evanschitzky Heiner , Eisend Martin , Calantone Roger J. , Jiang Yuanyuan 
Published: June 2012

Assessing factors that predict new product success (NPS) holds critical importance for companies, as research shows that despite considerable new product investment, success rates are generally below 25%. Over the decades, meta‐analytical attempts have been made to summarize empirical findings on NPS factors. However, market environment changes such as increased global competition, as well as methodological advancements in meta‐analytical research, present a timely opportunity to augment their results. Hence, a key objective of this research is to provide an updated and extended meta‐analytic investigation of the factors affecting NPS.Using Henard and Szymanski's meta‐analysis as the most comprehensive recent summary of empirical findings, this study updates their findings by analyzing articles published from 1999 through 2011, the period following the original meta‐analysis. Based on 233 empirical studies (from 204 manuscripts) on NPS, with a total 2618 effect sizes, this study also takes advantage of more recent methodological developments by re‐calculating effects of the meta‐analysis employing a random effects model. The study's scope broadens by including overlooked but important additional variables, notably “country culture,” and discusses substantive differences between the updated meta‐analysis and its predecessor.Results reveal generally weaker effect sizes than those reported by Henard and Szymanski in 2001, and provide evolutionary evidence of decreased effects of common success factors over time. Moreover, culture emerges as an important moderating factor, weakening effect sizes for individualistic countries and strengthening effects for risk‐averse countries, highlighting the importance of further investigating culture's role in product innovation studies, and of tracking changes of success factors of product innovations. Finally, a sharp increase since 1999 in studies investigating product and process characteristics identifies a significant shift in research interest in new product development success factors.The finding that the importance of success factors generally declines over time calls for new theoretical approaches to better capture the nature of new product development (NPD) success factors. One might speculate that the potential to create competitive advantages through an understanding of NPD success factors is reduced as knowledge of these factors becomes more widespread among managers. Results also imply that managers attempting to improve success rates of NPDs need to consider national culture as this factor exhibits a strong moderating effect: Working in varied cultural contexts will result in differing antecedents of successful new product ventures.
The Effect of Acute Versus Delayed Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Reperfusion Induced Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: DOW JOAN , BHANDARI ANIL , SIMKHOVICH BORIS Z , HALE SHARON L. , KLONER ROBERT A. 
Published: June 2012

Remote Ischemic Preconditioning and Cardiac Arrhythmias.
Introduction:
The effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on arrhythmias in in vivo models is unknown. Our purpose was to determine effects of both acute and delayed RIPC on arrhythmias.
Methods and Results:
In the acute protocol anesthetized open chest rats were exposed to 5 minutes of proximal left coronary artery occlusion (CAO) and 10 minutes of reperfusion. Rats were either untreated (ischemia/reperfusion, IR group, n = 17) or received RIPC (n = 14) with 5 minutes bilateral femoral occlusions followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion times 3, started 30 minutes before CAO. At reperfusion, onset of ventricular tachycardia (VT) was delayed in RIPC group (25.7 seconds) versus IR (8.8 seconds; P = 0.04). Number of episodes of VT was 17.0 in IR versus 3.0 in the RIPC group (P = 0.01) and duration of VT was 54.1 seconds in IR versus 4.9 seconds in RIPC (P = 0.019). Number of ventricular premature complexes (VPC) was 26.0 in IR and 10.0 in RIPC rats (P = 0.04). Levels of reperfusion injury salvage kinases (RISK), that is, phospho‐Akt and phospho‐p70S6 in the risk area of IR and RIPC hearts were similarly higher compared to the nonischemic areas both at 1 and 10 minutes into reperfusion. Delayed RIPC was induced on day 1 and on day 2, myocardial IR was induced. Delayed RIPC did not affect VT or VPC.
Conclusion:
Acute RIPC of the lower limbs induced a powerful delay in/and reduction in IR induced ventricular arrhythmias, but without evoking the RISK pathway; a late protective phase of RIPC on arrhythmias did not occur. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 1374‐1383, December 2012)
Incidence and Significance of Early Recurrences Associated with Different Ablation Strategies for AF: A STAR‐AF Substudy
Authors: ANDRADE JASON G. , MACLE LAURENT , KHAIRY PAUL , KHAYKIN YAARIV , MANTOVAN ROBERTO , MARTINO GIUSEPPE DE , CHEN JIAN , MORILLO CARLOS A. , NOVAK PAUL , GUERRA PETER G. , NAIR GIRISH , TORRECILLA ESTEBAN G. , VERMA ATUL 
Published: June 2012

Early Recurrence in STAR‐AF.Background: Early recurrences of atrial tachyarrhythmias (ERAT) are common after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, and predict late recurrences (LR). We sought to determine the impact of different ablation strategies on ERAT and LR.Methods and Results: The STAR‐AF trial randomized 100 patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF to ablation of complex fractionated electrograms (CFAE) alone, pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) alone, or combined PVI + CFAE. Patients were followed for 12 months. ERAT was defined as any recurrence of AF, atrial tachycardia, or flutter (AT/AFL) >30 seconds during the first 3 months of follow‐up. LR was defined as any recurrence of AF/AT/AFL >30 seconds 3–12 months post. Forty‐nine patients experienced ERAT. The index ablation strategy was the only independent predictor of ERAT on multivariate analysis (HR 2.24 PVI vs PVI + CFAE; and HR 2.65 CFAE vs PVI + CFAE). Fifty‐two patients experienced LR. The presence of ERAT (HR 3.23), the use of antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) in the first 3 months postablation (HR 2.85), and the index ablation strategy were independently associated with LR (HR 3.42 PVI vs PVI + CFAE; HR 4.72 CFAE vs PVI + CFAE). Thirty‐five of 49 (71%) patients with ERAT and 17 (33%) of 51 patients without ERAT had LR (P < 0.0001). Among patients with ERAT, increased left atrium size (HR 1.08), the use of AAD in the first 3 months postablation (HR 2.86) and the index ablation strategy were independently associated with LR (HR 4.77 PVI vs PVI + CFAE; HR 4.45 CFAE vs PVI + CFAE).Conclusion: ERAT is common following AF ablation and is strongly associated with LR. Although CFAE ablation alone results in higher rates of early and LR, the addition of CFAE to PVI results in increased long‐term success without an increase in ERAT. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 23, pp. 1295‐1301, December 2012)
Simvastatin downregulates the expression of hepcidin and erythropoietin in HepG2 cells
Authors: Chang Chia‐Chu , Chiu Ping‐Fang , Chen Hung‐Lin , Chang Tzu‐Lan , Chang Yu‐Jun , Huang Ching‐Hui 
Published: June 2012

AbstractStatin therapy may improve responsiveness to erythropoietin‐stimulating agents in patients with end‐stage renal disease. Although statins increase hepatic iron uptake and storage capacity in cholestatic rats, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, we examined the effects of a statin (simvastatin) on the expression of hepcidin, erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) and erythropoietin (EPO) in cultured HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells (6–6.5 × 105 cells) were seeded in 6‐cm dishes and incubated overnight. The cells were then treated with 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, or 10 μM simvastatin, and the mRNA expression of hepcidin, EPOR, and EPO was determined. Data were collected from three independent experiments. The cDNA extracted from the cells was used as a template for real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and each sample was tested in duplicate. Significant differences (P < 0.05) among groups were determined using one‐way analysis of variance with Fisher's least significant difference post hoc test. Data were adjusted using Bonferroni's method. The relative mRNA expression of hepcidin in HepG2 cells treated with 0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 10 μM simvastatin, relative to the control group, was 0.7273, 0.3303, 0.2418, 0.4131, and 0.4064, respectively. The relative mRNA expression of EPOR was 0.5196, 0.2319, 0.2398, 0.4253, and 0.1245, respectively, while that of EPO was 0.9751, 0.4712, 0.4613, 0.4875, and 0.1654. There was a reverse dose‐dependent effect of simvastatin. These results suggest that statins increase erythropoiesis by targeting hepcidin and iron regulatory pathways, independent of erythropoietin.
Antibiotic lock solutions allow less systemic antibiotic exposure and less catheter malfunction without adversely affecting antimicrobial resistance patterns
Authors: Onder Ali Mirza , Billings A. A. , Chandar Jayanthi , Nield Linda , Francoeur Denise , Simon Nancy , Abitbol Carolyn , Zilleruelo Gaston 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThere are current concerns that antibiotic lock solutions (ABL) can induce antimicrobial resistance in long‐term hemodialysis patients. Retrospective chart review of 157 children on hemodialysis between January 1997 and June 2006 was performed. In ERA I, only systemic antibiotics were used. In ERA II, ABL were added to systemic antibiotics when needed. In ERA III, ABL were used for treatment of all cases of catheter‐related bacteremia (CRB) and for CRB prophylaxis in high‐risk patients. The study includes 111,325 catheter days. The CRB incidence was 3.9 CRB/1000 catheter days. There was significant decrease for the total systemic antibiotic exposure (P = 0.0484) and the percentage of catheters lost to malfunction (P = 0.001) in ERA III. Protocol ABL exposure was associated with a trend to increased tobramycin‐gentamicin resistance for gram‐positive CRBs (P = 0.2586) but with improved tobramycin‐gentamicin resistance for gram‐negative (P = 0.0949) and polymicrobial CRBs (P = 0.1776) and improved vancomycin resistance for gram‐positive CRBs (P = 0.0985). This retrospective analysis does not support the premise that ABL use will promote antimicrobial resistance in the hemodialysis population. The decreased exposure to systemic antibiotics by vigorous ABL use may even improve the antimicrobial resistance patterns in this population in the long term.
Measures of blood pressure and cognition in dialysis patients
Authors: Giang Lena M. , Tighiouart Hocine , Lou Kristina V. , Agganis Brian , Drew David A. , Shaffi Kamran , Scott Tammy , Weiner Daniel E. , Sarnak Mark J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThere are few reports on the relationship of blood pressure with cognitive function in maintenance dialysis patients. The Cognition and Dialysis Study is an ongoing investigation of cognitive function and its risk factors in six Boston area hemodialysis units. In this analysis, we evaluated the relationship between different domains of cognitive function with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and intradialytic changes in systolic blood pressure, using univariate and multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, education, and primary cause of end‐stage renal disease. Among 314 participants, mean age was 63 years; 47% were female, 22% were African American, and 48% had diabetes. The mean (SD) of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and intradialytic change in systolic blood pressure were 141 (21), 73 (12), 68 (15), and −10 (24) mmHg, respectively. In univariate analyses, the performance on cognitive tests primarily assessing executive function and processing speeds was worse among participants with lower diastolic blood pressure and higher pulse pressure. These relationships were not statistically significant, however, in multivariable analyses. There was no association between cognitive function and systolic blood pressure or intradialytic change in systolic blood pressure in either univariate or multivariable analyses. We found no association between different measures of blood pressure and cognitive function in cross‐sectional analysis. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these results.
A closer look at frailty in ESRD: Getting the measure right
Authors: Painter Patricia , Kuskowski Michael 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPatients treated with dialysis have low levels of physical functioning and activity. Whether this translates into frailty or not may depend on how the frailty phenotype is operationalized. This is a secondary analysis of data from the Renal Exercise Demonstration Project to evaluate two methods of operationalizing the Fried phenotype for frailty: Using measured walking speed and muscle weakness (FRAILmeas) and using substitution of the Physical Function Scale (PF) from the SF‐36 questionnaire for walking speed and muscle weakness (FRAILsubst). Complete data for both measures were available for 188 hemodialysis patients. The frailty score (FRAILmeas) was the sum of criteria scores for measured gait speed, chair stand, body mass index, vitality, and physical activity. The frailty score (FRAILsubst) substituted the PF scale score (<75) as a surrogate measure for gait speed and for weakness. The frailty score ranged from 0 to 5. Scores ≥3 were categorized as frail, and <3 as not frail. The substitution of the PF score for walking speed and muscle weakness resulted in 78% of patients being categorized as frail compared to 24% using actual measured walking speed and muscle weakness (P < .001). The component of frailty that had the highest prevalence was low physical activity (average 54% of subjects). Frailty (using the FRAILmeas) was higher in patients with increasing age, female gender, and lower self‐reported PF. Frailty is highly prevalent in hemodialysis patients; however, measured constructs of the components of frailty should be used to report the frailty phenotype.
Geometrically Complex Silicon Carbide Structures Fabricated by Robocasting
Authors: Cai Kunpeng , Román‐Manso Benito , Smay Jim E. , Zhou Ji , Osendi María Isabel , Belmonte Manuel , Miranzo Pilar 
Published: June 2012

Geometrically complex, three‐dimensional (3‐D) structures of SiC were produced by a colloidal printing method known as robocasting, followed by low‐pressure spark plasma sintering (SPS) to produce dense ceramic bodies. A concentrated, aqueous colloidal ink consisting of SiC, Al2O3, and Y2O3 particles in a dilute polymer solution with a total solids volume fraction of 0.44 was developed to have pseudoplastic behavior with yield stress rheology. Lattice structures consisting of extruded filaments deposited in an overall cylindrical or cuboid shape were printed through nozzles ranging in diameter from 150 to 330 μm. After printing, drying and calcining processes, the structures were sintered at 1700°C in argon by SPS. The final average grain size was 1–2 μm and samples displayed above 97% of theoretical density, showing ~22.8% linear shrinkage from green to sintered state.
Electrical Properties of Nb‐, Ga‐, and Y‐Substituted Nanocrystalline Anatase TiO2 Prepared by Hydrothermal Synthesis
Authors: Hopper E. Mitchell , Sauvage Frédéric , Chandiran Aravind Kumar , Grätzel Michael , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R. , Mason Thomas O. 
Published: June 2012

Nanocrystalline anatase titanium dioxide powders were produced by a hydrothermal synthesis route in pure form and substituted with trivalent Ga3+ and Y3+ or pentavalent Nb5+ with the intention of creating acceptor or donor states, respectively. The electrical conductivity of each powder was measured using the powder‐solution‐composite (PSC) method. The conductivity increased with the addition of Nb5+ from 3 × 10−3 S/cm to 10 × 10−3 S/cm in as‐prepared powders, and from 0.3 × 10−3 S/cm to 0.9 × 10−3 S/cm in heat‐treated powders (520°C, 1 h). In contrast, substitution with Ga3+ and Y3+ had no measureable effect on the material's conductivity. The lack of change with the addition of Ga3+ and Y3+, and relatively small increase upon Nb5+ addition is attributed to ionic compensation owing to the highly oxidizing nature of hydrothermal synthesis.
Nb‐Modified 0.9BaTiO3–0.1(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 Ceramics for X9R High‐Temperature Dielectrics Application Prepared by Coating Method
Authors: Yao Guofeng , Wang Xiaohui , Zhang Yichi , Shen Zhengbo , Li Longtu 
Published: June 2012

0.9BaTiO3–0.1Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐based (0.9BT–0.1BNT) ceramics with Tc = 180°C were prepared using a novel chemical coating method. The relationships among compositions, microstructures, and properties were investigated. TEM morphologies displayed the Nb‐coated powders, which were confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Temperature‐dependence of permittivity for Nb‐modified 0.9BT–0.1BNT ceramics measured at different frequencies showed no relaxor characteristic at high temperature, but frequency dispersion at low temperature. The microstructures were characterized by two types of grains: Nb‐rich grains and Nb‐free grains, which were responsible for temperature‐stable dielectric properties. The sample with 5 mol% Nb addition satisfied the X9R specification. The permittivity was 1934 and the dissipation factor was 1.53% at room temperature.
Preservation of crestal bone by implant design. A comparative study in minipigs
Authors: Heitz‐Mayfield L. J. A. , Darby I. , Heitz F. , Chen S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo compare crestal bone modeling at three bone level design implants; Astra Tech Osseospeed™ Implant (AOI), Straumann® Bone Level Implant (SBLI) and NobelReplace™ Tapered Groovy Implant (NBTI).Materials and methodsIn 12 minipigs one implant of each design was placed on each side of the mandible with submerged healing. The implant platform was placed at the level of the crest (Group 0), and 1 mm above the crest (Group + 1 mm). In addition, one Straumann® Tissue Level Implant STLI was placed as a control on each side of the mandible. At 4 weeks, six animals were sacrificed. In the remaining six animals healing abutments were connected until 12 weeks. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic analyses were made. ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U‐tests were used to evaluate differences in bone levels between implant designs.ResultsAt 4 weeks there was no statistically significant difference in bone changes between implant designs. At 12 weeks implants in Group + 1 mm had minimal bone changes with no differences between implant designs. In Group 0, the AOI and SBLI preserved more crestal bone than NBTI (P < 0.01). Mean distance from the implant platform to the buccal bone was −0.1 ± 0.2 mm for AOI, −0.3 ± 0.3 mm for SBLI, and −1.0 ± 0.3 mm for NBTI. Mean radiographic bone levels from the implant platform were −0.1 ± 0.4 mm for AOI, 0.0 ± 0.3 mm for SBLI and −0.9 ± 0.8 mm for NBTI.ConclusionGreater bone preservation was observed for the AOI and SBLI compared with the NBTI.
The risk of blood exposure incidents in dental practices in the Netherlands
Authors: van Wijk P.T.L. , Meiberg A.E. , Bruers J.J.M. , Groenewold M.H. , van Raalten A.L. , Dam B.A.F.M. , Schneeberger P.M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectivesAn awareness of the risk of blood‐borne infections among dentists has been promoted by the Dutch Dental Association (NMT) as part of their quality and safety programme, and a nationally operating expert counselling centre was contracted to manage all reported incidents.MethodsWe analysed data on hepatitis B vaccination status, sex and age for all reported incidents recorded by this centre during 2008. We compared this with data collected at same time during a national survey to assess the performance of the centre. The number of blood exposure injuries among dentists and their assistants, and reporting behaviour, were also assessed.ResultsIn 2008, 387 incidents were reported to the counselling centre. The percentage of high‐risk incidents was 16, with a risk of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infections. In the hepatitis B cases, 12% had no or insufficient immunization. Eight per cent of those injured were unable to start HIV Post‐Exposition Prophylaxis because they reported too late. Of the 1442 surveys sent, 487 (34%) were returned. Dentists estimated levels of hepatitis B vaccination at 98%. Thirty‐two per cent reported to have had one or more injuries in their practice in 2008. Of these, 37% were counselled by the expert centre, 18% were counselled by others and 45% sought no medical attention. The performance of the counselling centre received a positive score (95%). A need for more information about vaccination and blood‐borne infections in dentistry (52%) was reported.ConclusionsNationwide data show blood exposure incidents occur frequently in dental settings, with a considerable number of high‐risk incidents. Administering anaesthetics and cleaning‐up are major risk factors. There is a need to intensify measures for safe working conditions in dental care settings in the Netherlands, irrespective of the type of dental practice.
Complex assessment of age‐specific morphofunctional features of skin of different anatomic localizations
Authors: Shlivko I. L. , Petrova G. A. , Zor'kina M. V. , Tchekalkina O. E. , Firsova M. S. , Ellinsky D. O. , Agrba P. D. , Kamensky V. A. , Donchenko E. V. 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveThe goal of the described study was complex assessment of age‐specific morphofunctional features of skin of different anatomic localization using optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsForty‐three healthy volunteers aging from 4 to 74 years were enrolled in the study. Optical and functional skin parameters were studied in 18 areas of the human body. All the studied areas were classified as open and closed, depending on external impact. Structural parameters of skin were determined by means of theOCTdevice equipped with a removable, flexible probe with microscanner (registration certificate no. 022a2035/2213‐05) designed and fabricated at theIAP RAS(Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) with longitudinal and transverse resolution of about 20 μm.ResultsAge‐specific morphofunctional features of skin most evident in areas exposed to external action were found. Statistically significant difference in elasticity (−0.57,P = 0.00012) in areas closed to external action (further referred to as closed areas) and in useful signal depth, hydration and elasticity in areas exposed to external action (further referred to as open areas) was assessed for different age groups. Analysis of the dependence of parameters on age showed statistically significant correlations between age and thickness of cellular layers of the epidermis (−0.33,P = 0.035), pigmentation level (−0.22,P = 0.044) and elasticity in closed areas and highly significant correlations between age and hydration and elasticity in open areas.ConclusionThe current work is concerned with investigation of age‐specific morpho‐functional parameters of skin of different localizations.