bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculation of the Raman frequency and the damping constant of a coupled mode in the ferroelectric and paraelectric phases in KH2PO4
Authors: Karacali H. , Kiraci A. , Yurtseven H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Raman frequency of the coupled mode $\omega _ - $ associated with the order parameter is calculated as a function of pressure from the mean field theory in the ferroelecric phase of KDP. Using the frequencies of the coupled mode, the pressure dependence of the damping constant $\Gamma _ - $ is calculated by the proton spin lattice relaxation time and by the energy fluctuation of this mode of KDP in the ferroelectric (FE) phase. For the paraelectric (PE) phase, the Raman frequency of the coupled mode $\omega _ - $ is calculated as a function of temperature at 6.54 kbar. The temperature dependence of the damping constant $\Gamma _ - $ is performed only by the energy fluctuation of the coupled mode $\omega _ - $ in the PE phase of KDP. The values of the activation energy U are extracted from the pressure and temperature dependence of the damping constant $\Gamma _ - $ of this coupled mode $\omega _ - $ for both FE and PE phases of KDP.
Role of bathocuproine as hole‐blocking and electron‐transporting layer in organic light emitting devices
Authors: Tomova Reni , Petrova Petia , Stoycheva‐Topalova Rumiana 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this paper we present our results concerning the role of 2,9‐Dimethyl‐4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (bathocuproine, BCP) in OLED structures with emissive layer of Tris‐(8‐hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3). It is established that instead of the higher working voltage of devices with bathocuproine their current efficiency significantly increased. This higher efficiency indicates strong hole‐blocking nature of bathocuproine (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Catalytic activity of gold on nanocrystalline diamond support
Authors: Veres Miklós , Perevedentseva Elena , Karmenyan Artashes V. , Tóth Sára , Koós Margit 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA simple and easily realizable method was found for the preparation of supported Au catalyst by sputtering island type gold film onto nanocrystalline diamond particles, that can catalyse CO oxidation to CO2. The oxidation of CO molecules from ambient air was observed and investigated by spectroscopic methods. Characteristic CO peaks of molecules adsorbed on gold surface and an increased intensity of the CO2 bands were detected, indicating the catalyst effect of the Au film. The catalytic efficiency was found to be dependent on the morphology of the deposited gold layer. Our measurements indicate also that CO molecules could adsorb permanently on active Au sites, leading to lowered activity of the catalyst. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Employing the effective medium approximation to model the optical properties of crystallized a‐Si:H obtained by MIC
Authors: Muller T. F. G. , Knoesen D. , Arendse C. J. , Halindintwali S. , Malgas G. F. , Houweling Z. S. , Schropp R. E. I. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMetal induced crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon has been the subject of intense scrutiny in recent years. In this contribution we report on the metal‐mediated‐thermally induced changes of the structural and optical properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon deposited by hot‐wire CVD, where aluminium and nickel were used to induce crystallization. The metal‐coated amorphous silicon was subjected to a thermal annealing regime of between 150 and 520°C. The structural measurements, obtained by Raman spectroscopy, show partial crystallization occurring at 350 °C. At the higher annealing temperatures of 450°C and 520°C complete crystallization occurs. Reflection and transmission measurements in the UV‐visible range were then used to extract the optical properties. By adopting the effective medium approximation a single optical model could be constructed that could successfully model material that was in different structural phases, irrespective of metal contamination. Changes in the absorption of the material in various stages of transition were confirmed with a directly measured absorption technique, and the modelled absorption closely followed the same trends. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Excitation power dependent photolu‐ minescence of PECVD a‐SiOx:H (x<2) thin films
Authors: Bacıoğlu Akın , Kodolbaş Alp Osman , Öktü Özcan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe excitation power dependent visible photoluminescence (PL) property of an a‐SiOx:H (x < 2) sample prepared in a PECVD system is studied within a temperature range of 12 K and 400 K. An explicit PL band was observed at the photon energy of 2.1 eV. It was observed that the PL intensity increased with a power of the excitation intensity (IPL∝Lγ) changed between 1.3 mWcm‐2 and 25 mWcm‐2. γ was calculated to change between 0.8‐1.2 depending on the measurement temperature. The 2.1 eV PL band was found to show weak thermal activation energy around room temperature and calculated as about 1meV. The temperature dependence of PL for each excitation power was fitted to a function proposed due to the thermal activated radiative recombination and the defect related non‐radiative recombination mechanism. As a result of the model the ratio of the average distance between a carrier and the non‐radiative defect center to the decay length of the wave function of the defect was calculated to be varying between 21 and 33 with increased generation rate range of 1.75x1016 cm‐3/s‐3.5x1017 cm‐3/s. The results were discussed in terms of the separation of phases and the behavior of thermally activated incoherent hopping migration of electrons to combine with self trapped holes (STH) to form self trapped excitons (STE). (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On nanoheteromorphous structure in amorphous As2S3 films prepared by different methods
Authors: Sarsembinov Sh. Sh. , Prikhodko O. Yu. , Ryaguzov A. P. , Maksimova S. Ya. , Daineko E. A. , Iskakov R. M. , Ushanov V. Zh. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBy the method of Raman spectroscopy as well as the methods of thermo‐gravimetric and differentially‐thermal analyses the structure of amorphous As2S3 films prepared by thermal evaporation in a vacuum and by radio frequency ion‐plasma sputtering has been studied. The techniques are strongly differing in the conditions of substance vaporization and condensation of atoms on a substrate. It was shown that the concept of nanoheteromorphism can be used to the description of these amorphous films structure. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical and structural properties of p ‐type nanocrystalline silicon grown by LEPECVD for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Micard Gabriel , Hahn Giso , Terheiden Barbara , Chrastina Daniel , Isella Giovanni , Moiseev Tamara , Cavalcoli Daniela , Cavallini Anna , Binetti Simona , Acciarri Maurizio , Le Donne Alessia , Texier Michael , Pichaud Bernard 
Published: January 2010

Abstractp‐doped hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (p‐nc‐Si:H) is one of the most critical layers in thin film silicon solar cells. LEPECVD is a new technique for the growth of nc‐Si at high growth rate without compromising the layer quality, using a dense but low energy plasma. Thin p‐nc‐Si:H layers are grown on glass and ZnO:Al coated glass and their structural and electrical properties are investigated as a function of the silane dilution (d) and of the doping ratio (DR). The influence of the substrate on the structural properties is investigated and discussed. The incubation layer is clearly observed on both substrate types and its thickness is estimated. LEPECVD distinguishes itself from other high growth rate methods by a very low impurity distribution coefficient to obtain a comparable conductivity and boron density. The conduction path is shown to be dependent on the density of boron in the layer while a significant decrease of conductivity at high DR is not observed in the studied range (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of selenization pressure on the growth of Cu2ZnSnSe4 films from stacked metallic layers
Authors: Salomé P. M. P. , Fernandes P. A. , Cunha A. F. da 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) is a p‐type semiconductor with a high absorption coefficient, 104 to 105 cm‐1, and is being seen as a possible replacement for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 in thin film solar cells. Yet, there are some fundamental properties of CZTSe that are not well known, one of them is its band gap. In order to resolve its correct value it is necessary to improve the growth conditions to ensure that single phase crystalline thin films are obtained. One of the problems encountered when growing CZTSe is the loss of Sn through evaporation of SnSe. Stoichiometric films are then difficult to obtain and usually there are other phases present. One possible way to overcome this problem is to increase the pressure of growth of CZTSe. This can be done by introducing an atmosphere of an inert gas like Ar or N2. In this work we report the results of morphological, structural and optical studies of the properties of CZTSe thin films grown by selenization of DC magnetron sputtered metallic layers under different Ar pressures. The films are analysed by SEM/EDS, Raman scattering and XRD. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Annealing studies of substoichiometric amorphous SiOx layers for c‐Si surface passivation
Authors: Einsele F. , Beyer W. , Rau U. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe investigate thermal stability of amorphous substoichiometric silicon‐oxide alloys with oxygen concentrations from 0 to 10 at‐%. Annealing experiments, including effective lifetime measurements, hydrogen effusion, and infrared absorption spectroscopy, yield a surface passivation on p‐type float‐zone crystalline silicon wafers with maximum effective lifetimes up to 1.5 ms. The thermal stability of the passivation increases with increasing oxygen concentration of the films. For oxygen concentrations above 5%, we observe a decrease of passivation due to the formation of voids in the material, which shows in a low temperature peak of the H effusion spectra. Annealing leads to a structural transition of the material which is accompanied by an increase in effective lifetime. The stretching mode absorptions of Si– O–Si molecular vibrations near 1000 cm–1 shift towards higher wavenumbers, both with increased oxygen concentration and upon annealing of the films. For increased oxygen concentrations, the Si–H stretching modes shift from predominantly 2000 cm–1 to 2090 cm–1(© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Serializing C intermediate representations for efficient and portable parsing
Authors: Meister Jeffrey A. , Foster Jeffrey S. , Hicks Michael 
Published: January 2010

AbstractC static analysis tools often use intermediate representations (IRs) that organize program data in a simple, well‐structured manner. However, the C parsers that create IRs are slow, and because they are difficult to write, only a few implementations exist, limiting the languages in which a C static analysis can be written. To solve these problems, we investigate two language‐independent, on‐disk representations of C IRs: one using XML and the other using an Internet standard binary encoding called eXternal Data Representation (XDR). We benchmark the parsing speeds of both options, finding the XML to be about a factor of 2 slower than parsing C and the XDR over 6 times faster. Furthermore, we show that the XML files are far too large at 19 times the size of C source code, whereas XDR is only 2.2 times the C size. We also demonstrate the portability of our XDR system by presenting a C source code querying tool in Ruby. Our solution and the insights we gained from building it will be useful to analysis authors and other clients of C IRs. We have made our software freely available for download at http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/PL/scil/. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
Reactivity and Conversion Behaviour of Brazilian and Imported Coals, Charcoal and Blends in view of their Injection into Blast Furnaces
Authors: Machado J. G. M. S. , Osório E. , Vilela A. C. F. , Babich A. , Senk D. , Gudenau H. W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFor about 10 years the steel industry in Brazil has been using pulverized coal injection (PCI) technology in blast furnaces based on imported coals. In order to decrease the dependence on imported coals, Brazilian coal which has limited use due to high ash content is suggested to be mixed with imported coal and charcoal. The aim of this study is to examine the reactivity and combustion behaviour of the mentioned materials. The use of charcoal in the Brazilian steel industry reduces the CO2 emissions, since it represents a renewable source of carbon. The reactivity of the coal, charcoal and mixtures is evaluated through TGA. To provide a useful insight into the practice of PCI in blast furnaces, experiments are carried out with a laboratory rig at RWTH Aachen University that simulates the behaviour of fines injected into the raceway. The results of this study are presented and discussed.
Numerical Analysis of Stake Mark Induced Failure of a Rotor Shaft
Authors: Bambach M. , Al‐Baouni M. , Kilpatrick N. , Soto S. , Kretschmer M. , Hirt G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the stake mark induced failure of a generator rotor forging is analysed using finite element analyses in combination with a Cockroft & Latham failure model. Evidence is found from damage analysis that the rotor failed due to micro cracks and residual stresses induced by a double stake mark, which was located at a position subject to concentrated rotating‐bending stress amplitudes and torsional mean stress. The analysis presented here verifies the results of the damage analysis by showing that the stake mark configuration of the failed rotor was the most detrimental among a number of similar configurations. According to the finite element analysis, this stake mark configuration combines a high probability of inducing propagating sub‐surface micro‐cracks with considerable tensile residual stresses.
Model for Microstructure Prediction in Hot Strip Rolled Steels
Authors: dos Santos A. A. , Barbosa R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPhase transformations from work‐hardened austenite after hot rolling of steel are of paramount importance for achieving the required mechanical properties. Moreover, it influences the control of cooling process in the cooling table. This paper proposes semi‐empirical mathematical models for predicting such transformations in carbon‐manganese and microalloyed steels, subjected to transformations conditions leading to a microstructure constituted by ferrite and pearlite. To develop the models, dilatometric tests were carried out in a Gleeble 3500 machine, simulating the industrial processing conditions as close as possible, including the effect of coiling. Emphasis was placed on the application of a criterion for determining the start of pearlite formation, which was based on carbon enrichment of austenite during the ferrite formation. Based on comparisons between measured and calculated ferrite fractions in tested specimens, it was proposed to consider a transition of the thermodynamic conditions prevailing during ferrite formation, which depend on steel chemistry and transformation conditions. As a preliminary assessment of its predictability the model was applied to a typical industrial process condition for microalloyed steels in hot strip rolling. It was shown that the model was capable of predicting reasonably well the evolution of ferrite and pearlite during the cooling in and also during the subsequent coiling process.
Friction and Temperature Development in the Hot Roll Cladding Process
Authors: Bach Fr.‐W. , Bormann D. , Rodmann M. , von Senden genannt Haverkamp H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe setting of the optimum process parameters for high‐quality roll‐cladded composites requires detailed knowledge of their effects on adhesion and formability. This being the case, it is the objective of this paper to qualify and quantify both the thermal processes and the friction in the roller gap. The objective was worked out in three steps: the first step was to determine the friction with the aid of the forward‐slip procedure. In this case, the process parameters of temperature, rolling speed und degree of formability are of particular interest. In the second step, and by means of these process parameters, the friction coefficients were evaluated and modelled using the methods of statistical trials planning. In the third step, thermographic images were taken in the roller gap. This determined in particular the effect of degree of formability and rolling speed on the heat development.
A Study on the Effect of Na2O on the Viscosity for Ironmaking Slags
Authors: Kim H. , Kim W. H. , Park J. H. , Min D. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe viscosities of CaO‐SiO2‐10wt%MgO‐20wt%Al2O3‐Na2O slags (CaO/SiO2 = 0.8–1.2, wt%Na2O = 0–10) were measured to estimate the effect of Na2O on the viscous behavior at elevated temperatures. The slag viscosity at 1773 K decreased with increasing Na2O contents, which is observed in a basic oxide component. However, the FT‐IR spectroscopic analysis of the slag structure seemed to verify that [AlO4]‐tetrahedra depolymerized more readily than [SiO4]‐tetrahedra due to ionic charge compensation which has a tendency to be more effective on [AlO4]‐tetrahedra. Hence, for the present slag system, the viscosity decreased with additions of Na2O by providing network breaking O2‐ ions, and the charge balance by Na+ ions independently contributed to the depolymerization of the network structure of the molten slag. In addition, Na2O also lowered the critical temperature (TCR) resulting in a larger temperature difference between the operating temperature (TOP) and TCR, which can enhance operational stability.
Healing Men and Community: Predictors of Outcome in a Men's Initiatory and Support Organization
Authors: Burke Christopher K. , Maton Kenneth I. , Mankowski Eric S. , Anderson Clinton 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMen have poorer health and declining social outcomes when compared to women, and research suggests that behaviors related to restrictive and traditional male gender roles contribute to this disparity. This study is an examination of The ManKind Project International (MKPI), a community‐based organization that provides alternative male gender norms and a community support system to help reinforce them. The MKPI runs an intensive, experiential “Training Adventure Weekend” (TAW), followed by voluntary, on‐going peer‐led support and integration groups (I‐Groups). One hundred men completed a pre‐TAW questionnaire, an interview, and a long‐term follow‐up (>18 mo.) questionnaire. The study examined if there was change on the primary study variables at follow‐up, and the relationship of background characteristics (age, self‐help group experience) and factors related to participation (MKPI beliefs, social support, I‐Group participation) to the criterion variables (depression symptoms, gender role conflict, and life satisfaction) at follow‐up. Results indicated significant change in the expected directions on the primary study variables, suggesting that for these men, participation has a positive impact. Most importantly, changes in MKPI‐related beliefs and social support significantly predicted positive outcomes. Also, more positive outcomes were found among men 30–44 years of age, but not among those with more prior self‐help experience or I‐Group participation. Possible explanations for these findings and directions for further research are discussed.
Applied Roles and the Future of Community Psychology
Authors: Jenkins Richard A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe roles for community psychologists have changed over the past several decades. These changes have implications for training, traditional academic roles, and the capacity of the field to maintain its integrity and further development. Changes in the scope of community psychology as a field as well as the roles of community psychologists are described with consideration of how they may affect participation in the field, retention of membership in SCRA, and potential directions for training.
Effect of Sodium Salicylate on the Properties of Gemini Surfactant Solutions
Authors: Ye Zhongbin , Han Lijuan , Chen Hong , Shi Leiting , Luo Pingya 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of sodium salicylate on the solution properties of a gemini surfactant, butylidene‐α, ω‐bis (cetyl dimethyl ammonium bromide), was investigated through absorbance and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement, transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation, and rheology measurement. The DLS experiment showed that the average size of aggregates increases with the addition of sodium salicylate. The TEM experiment showed that the addition of sodium salicylate causes the change of the size and shape of aggregate. With the increase of the concentration of sodium salicylate, the viscosity of the gemini surfactant solution reaches a maximum value and the flow pattern of the gemini surfactant solution also undergoes a great change with a transition from a Newtonian fluid to a non‐Newtonian fluid.
Interaction of Azo Dye with Cationic Surfactant Under Different pH Conditions
Authors: Nazar Muhammad Faizan , Shah Syed Sakhawat , Khosa Muhammad Arshad 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe aggregation induced by Alizarin Yellow R (AYR) in the cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), was investigated by measuring their UV–visible absorption spectra. Conductance measurements as a function of surfactant concentration below and above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) were studied. CTAB aggregation takes place at the concentration far below its normal CMC in the presence of AYR. Both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions affect the aggregation process in aqueous solution. The dye effect on the CMC of CTAB was noted by a specific conductivity method as well. AYR–CTAB binding constant (Ks) and water–micelle partition co‐efficient (Kx) were quantified with the help of mathematical models employed to determine the partitioning of organic additives in the micellar phase. The number of dye molecules per micelle was estimated at particular CTAB concentrations above CMC, during this study.
Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma, Erythrocytes and Adipose: Their Correlations and Effects of Age and Sex
Authors: Ogura Tokuhiro , Takada Hideho , Okuno Masashi , Kitade Hiroaki , Matsuura Takashi , Kwon Masanori , Arita Seizaburo , Hamazaki Kei , Itomura Miho , Hamazaki Tomohito 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe composition of fatty acids in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and the correlation of fatty acid values of plasma and erythrocytes had not been reported in Japan. The aim of the present study was to investigate the fatty acid composition and correlation of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids (PL) and adipose triacylglycerols (TG) in 75 adult patients admitted for non‐malignant diseases. We also examined the relationship of n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with patients' characteristics. The total n‐3 PUFA were 11.2, 11.8 and 1.9%, and the ratios of n‐6/n‐3 were 2.41, 1.87 and 8.20 in plasma and erythrocyte PL and adipose TG, respectively. There were the highest correlations for total n‐3 PUFA and the n‐6/n‐3 ratio between plasma and erythrocyte PL and adipose TG. There was a positive correlation between n‐3 PUFAs and age, but a negative correlation was found between n‐6 PUFAs and age. There was no significant difference in the values of PUFAs in plasma and erythrocyte PL and adipose TG between men and women. The patients with cholesterol cholecystolithiasis showed a significantly lower proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid in plasma and erythrocyte PL than those of the other patients. Our findings suggest that PUFA in plasma and erythrocyte PL may be good biomarkers and more acceptable for studying participants than adipose TG.