bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Systematics for Lanthanide(III) Systems: Lattice Interactions in Salts [CoL3][Ln(dipic)3]·nH2O (L = N,N′‐Aromatic Bidentate Ligand; dipic = Dipicolinate = pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylate) Containing Complex Ions of D3 Symmetry
Authors: Harrowfield Jack M. , Koutsantonis George A. , Skelton Brian W. , Strong Adam J. , White Allan H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractStructural characterisation of a number of hydrated solids containing chiral, kinetically inert [Co(A–A)3]3+ cations (A–A = 2,2′‐bipyridine, 1,10‐phenanthroline, 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine) and chiral, kinetically labile [Ln(dipic)3]3– anions (Ln = La, Eu, Tb, Ho, Er, Lu, Y, though not for all cobalt cations; dipic = dipicolinate = pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylate) show a remarkable range of associations between the lattice components, though all are racemic arrays. Analysis of the structures in terms of short interatomic contacts between the components shows that, whereas numerous contacts of the heteroaromatic ligands do occur, very few define an arrangement which could be truly termed “π‐stacking” where the rings are closely parallel and atom overlaps in projection are substantial. Water is important in the highly hydrated lattice structures, not only because of hydrogen‐bonding interactions with itself and carboxylate‐O atoms but also because of its interactions with the aromatic units. The family [Co(bipy)3][Ln(dipic)3]·~13H2O are essentially isomorphous for the full range of Ln plus Y (triclinic, P\bar{1}, a = 12.3, b = 14.3, c = 16.5 Å, α = 94, β = 94, γ = 108 ˚, Z = 2). Among the heavier lanthanides, the potential symmetry of the anion/cation combination is realised in the trigonal space group P\bar{3}, both species lying together as an ion‐pair, disposed on the trigonal axis for [Co(phen)3][Ln(dipic)3]·22H2O (Ln = Eu, Er; a = 15.2, c = 16.8 Å, Z = 2).
Evaluation of nutrient digestibility and fecal characteristics of exotic felids fed horse‐ or beef‐based diets: use of the domestic cat as a model for exotic felids
Authors: Vester Brittany M. , Beloshapka Alison N. , Middelbos Ingmar S. , Burke Sarah L. , Dikeman Cheryl L. , Simmons Lee G. , Swanson Kelly S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding commercially available beef‐ and horse‐based diets on nutrient digestibility and fecal characteristics of large captive exotic felids and domestic cats. Four species of large exotic felids including cheetahs, Malayan tigers, jaguars, and Amur tigers, and domestic cats were utilized in a crossover design. Raw meat diets included a beef‐based diet (57% protein; 28% fat) and a horse‐based diet (51% protein; 30% fat). All cats were acclimated to the diet for 16 days followed by a 4 day collection period, where total feces, including one fresh sample, were collected. All feces were scored on collection. Intake did not differ due to diet, but fecal output was greater when cats consumed the horse‐based diet. Total tract apparent dry matter (DM) digestibility was higher (P<0.05) and organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) digestibilities were lower (P<0.05) when cats were fed the beef‐based diet compared with the horse‐based diet. CP digestibility was similar in domestic cats and cheetahs, and greater (P<0.05) than Amur tigers. Fecal scores were lower and fecal DM was greater (P<0.05) when cats consumed the horse‐based diet compared with the beef‐based diet. Domestic cats had lower (P<0.05) fecal ammonia concentrations compared with all other species. Fecal ammonia concentrations were lowest (P<0.05) when cats were fed the horse‐based diet. Fecal total short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA), branched‐chain fatty acid (BCFA), and butyrate concentrations were higher (P<0.05) when cats consumed the beef‐based diet. Our results suggest that the domestic cat serves as an appropriate model for large exotic felid species, but differences among the species exist. Decreased nutrient digestibility by tigers and jaguars should be considered when developing feeding recommendations for these species based on domestic cat data. Zoo Biol 29:432–448, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Management and Surgical Resection for Tumors of the Trachea and Carina: Experience with 32 Patients
Authors: Liu Xiang‐Yan , Liu Fan‐Ying , Wang Zhou , Chen Gang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the complications, long‐term survival, and management lessons learned after surgical resection for patients with primary tumors of the trachea and carina and locally advanced lung cancer directly infiltrating the carina.MethodsA retrospective study was performed by our department on 32 patients undergoing surgical resection for primary tumors of the trachea and carina and locally advanced lung cancer directly infiltrating the carina between June 1986 and June 2003.ResultsVarious surgical modalities were performed according to the tumor location and extent: tracheal resection in 10 cases, carinal resection and reconstruction in 4 cases, carinal right upper lobectomy in 8 cases, carinal pneumonectomy in 4 cases, and partial tangential resection of the tracheal wall in 6 cases. Cardiopulmonary bypass was required in two patients for nearly complete obstruction of the trachea. Resected tumors included six distinct histologic types. Perioperative mortality was 9.4% (3/32). Major complications occurred in 31.3% (10/32) of the patients. The overall 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates were 87.5%, 56.3%, and 40.6%, respectively. Patients with primary tracheal and carinal tumors experienced a 5‐year survival of 55.0% compared to 16.7% for those with locally advanced lung cancer directly infiltrating the carina (P< 0.05).ConclusionsSurgical resection is the most effective treatment of choice for primary tumors of the trachea and carina. With careful patient selection and meticulous surgical and anesthesia techniques, the operative mortality and complications are acceptable, and long‐term survival can be achieved.
Novel mutation affecting the pterin‐binding site of PTS gene and review of PTS mutations in Thai patients with 6‐pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency
Authors: Vatanavicharn N. , Kuptanon C. , Liammongkolkul S. , Liu T.‐T. , Hsiao K.‐J. , Ratanarak P. , Blau N. , Wasant P. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryTetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency comprises heterogeneous disorders resulting in hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA) and lack of monoamine neurotransmitters. Among these, 6‐pyruvoyl‐tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) deficiency is the most common disorder. We report a female Thai patient with PTPS deficiency who was initially detected by newborn screening for HPA, and later treated by supplements of BH4, l‐dopa/carbidopa, and 5‐hydroxytryptophan. Monitoring of serum prolactin representing dopamine sufficiency is used for optimizing the dosage of l‐dopa. She showed a remarkable progress of development despite delayed treatment at 5 months of age. Mutation analysis revealed two heterozygous missense mutations of the PTS gene: c.259C>T (p.P87S) inherited from the father; and c.147T>G (p.H49Q) inherited from the mother. The latter is a novel mutation that affects the pterin‐binding site of the PTPS enzyme. This novel mutation expands the mutation spectrum of PTPS deficiency. Notably, some PTS mutations have been reported in both Thai and Chinese patients. Whether these common mutations are the result of a founder effect with common ancestors of Thai and Chinese people or intermarriage between Thai and Chinese descents in Thailand remain unclear. In conclusion, severe neurological impairment from BH4 deficiency could be prevented by newborn screening for HPA and proper metabolic management. However, pterin analysis for early diagnosis of BH4 deficiency is still not available in most developing countries.
Stress Response Versus Stress Tolerance: A Transcriptome Analysis of Two Rice Lines Contrasting in Tolerance to Phosphorus Deficiency
Authors: Pariasca-Tanaka Juan , Satoh Kouji , Rose Terry , Mauleon Ramil , Wissuwa Matthias 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Transcriptional profiling has identified genes associated with adaptive responses to phosphorus (P) deficiency; however, distinguishing stress response from tolerance has been difficult. We report gene expression patterns in two rice genotypes (Nipponbare and NIL6-4 which carries a major QTL for P deficiency tolerance (Pup1)) grown in soil with/without P fertilizer. We tested the hypotheses that tolerance of NIL6-4 is associated with (1) internal P remobilization/redistribution; (2) enhanced P solubilization and/or acquisition; and (3) root growth modifications that maximize P interception. Genes responding to P supply far exceeded those differing between genotypes. Genes associated with internal P remobilization/redistribution and soil P solubilization/uptake were stress responsive but often more so in intolerant Nipponbare. However, genes putatively associated with root cell wall loosening and root hair extension (xyloglucan endotransglycosylases/hydrolases and NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductase) showed higher expression in roots of tolerant NIL6-4. This was supported by phenotypic data showing higher root biomass and hair length in NIL6-4.
Protective effect of apricot (Prunus armeniacaL.) on hepatic steatosis and damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in Wistar rats
Authors: Ozturk Feral , Gul Mehmet , Ates Burhan , Ozturk I. Cetin , Cetin Asli , Vardi Nigar , Otlu Ali , Yilmaz Ismet 
Published: October 2009

The present study was planned to investigate the protective effect of 10 % and 20 % apricot-containing feed on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic steatosis and damage. Adult male Wistar rats (n42) were divided into six groups of seven each, as follows: control group; CCl4group; CCl4+10 % apricot group; CCl4+20 % apricot group; 10 % apricot group; 20 % apricot group. All apricot groups were fed with 10 % or 20 % apricot-containing feed for 5 months. CCl4injections were applied to the CCl4groups at the dose of 1 mg/kg for 3 d at the end of 5 months. In the CCl4group, vacuolated hepatocytes and hepatic necrosis were seen, especially in the centrilobular area. Hepatocytes showed an oedematous cytoplasmic matrix, large lipid globules and degenerated organelles. The area of liver injury was found significantly decreased with apricot feeding. Malondialdehyde and total glutathione levels and catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly changed in the CCl4group and indicated increased oxidative stress. Apricot feeding decreased this oxidative stress and ameliorated histological damage. We concluded that apricot feeding had beneficial effects on CCl4-induced liver steatosis and damage probably due to its antioxidant nutrient (β-carotene and vitamin) contents and high radical-scavenging capacity. Dietary intake of apricot can reduce the risk of liver steatosis and damage caused by free radicals.
Disodium ascorbyl phytostanol phosphate (FM-VP4), a modified phytostanol, is a highly active hypocholesterolaemic agent that affects the enterohepatic circulation of both cholesterol and bile acids in mice
Authors: Méndez-González J. , Süren-Castillo S. , Calpe-Berdiel L. , Rotllan N. , Vázquez-Carrera M. , Escolà-Gil J. C. , Blanco-Vaca F. 
Published: October 2009

Disodium ascorbyl phytostanol phosphate (FM-VP4) is a synthetic compound derived from sitostanol and campestanol that has proved to be efficient as a cholesterol-lowering therapy in mice and human subjects. However, the mechanism of action of FM-VP4 remains unknown. The present study tests the ability of FM-VP4 to alter intestinal and liver cholesterol homeostasis in mice. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed either a control chow or a 2 % FM-VP4-enriched diet for 4 weeks. FM-VP4 reduced thein vivonet intestinal cholesterol absorption and plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations by 2·2-, 1·5- and 1·6-fold, respectively, compared with control mice. Furthermore, FM-VP4 also showed an impact on bile acid homeostasis. In FM-VP4 mice, liver and intestinal bile acid content was increased by 1·3- and 2·3-fold, respectively, whereas faecal bile acid output was 3·3-fold lower. FM-VP4 also increased the intestinal absorption of orally administered [3H]taurocholic acid to small intestine in vivo. Inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption by FM-VP4 was not mediated via transcriptional increases in intestine liver X receptor (LXR)-α, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter (ABC)-A1, ABCG5/G8 nor to decreases in intestinal Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) expression. In contrast, FM-VP4 up-regulated liver LXRα, ABCA1, ABCG5, scavenger receptor class BI (SR-BI) and hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCoA-R) gene expression, whereas it down-regulated several farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-target genes such as cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A polypeptide 1 (CYP7A1) and Na+/taurocholate co-transporter polypeptide (NTCP). In conclusion, FM-VP4 reduced intestinal cholesterol absorption, plasma and liver cholesterol and affected bile acid homeostasis by inducing bile acid intestinal reabsorption and changed the liver expression of genes that play an essential role in cholesterol homeostasis. This is the first phytosterol or stanol that affects bile acid metabolism and lowers plasma cholesterol levels in normocholesterolaemic mice.
Folate status of Ghanaian populations in London and Accra
Authors: Owusu Matilda , Thomas Jane , Wiredu Edwin , Pufulete Maria 
Published: October 2009

Migration to the UK is associated with higher incidence of stroke in African populations. A low folate status has been associated with increased risk of stroke, likely to be mediated through raised plasma homocysteine concentrations. We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare blood folate and homocysteine concentrations in eighty healthy Ghanaian migrants living in London matched by sex, age and occupation to 160 individuals from an urban population in Accra, Ghana. Folate intake was determined using three 24 h recalls. Fasting blood samples were collected for the determination of serum and erythrocyte folate and plasma homocysteine concentrations and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C → T polymorphism. Reported mean folate intake was 20 % lower in London compared with Accra (P < 0·001). However, serum folate was 44 % higher, erythrocyte folate 30 % higher and plasma homocysteine was 26 % lower in subjects from London compared with those from Accra (P < 0·001). These differences persisted after adjusting for confounders including the MTHFR 677C → T mutation, which was rare in both populations. Although there were no associations between dietary folate intake and blood folates (P>0·05), folic acid supplement use, which was more prevalent in London than Accra (25 and 10 %, respectively,P = 0·004) was associated with erythrocyte folate in both populations (P < 0·01). The main predictors of plasma homocysteine concentrations were erythrocyte folate and male sex (P < 0·001). Findings from the present study suggest that migration from Ghana to the UK results in improvement of biomarkers of folate status despite the fact that reported dietary intake of folate was apparently lower in subjects from London.
Red wine metabolites modulate NF-κB, activator protein-1 and cAMP response element-binding proteins in human endothelial cells
Authors: Canali Raffaella , Comitato Raffaella , Ambra Roberto , Virgili Fabio 
Published: October 2009

We have studied the effect of human serum, collected after red wine consumption (RWS), on TNF-α-dependent activation of transcription factors (NF-κB, activator protein-1 (AP-1) and cAMP response element-binding proteins) and on the expression of selected genes involved in cell adhesion or fibrinolysis processes in human primary endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)). Our data indicate that RWS containing RW metabolites, isolated after 40 min from an acute consume of wine (5 ml/kg body weight), induces nuclear translocation of NF-κB and AP-1 in the absence of any further stimulus. On the other hand, TNF-α treatment in the presence of RWS is associated with a delay in transcription factor activation and to a negative modulation on the expression of specific genes. Moreover, RWS stimulates c-jun binding to the tissue-type plasminogen activator cAMP responsive element consensus site modulating the expression of the specific gene downstream. These results confirm that RW metabolites affect the activity of different transcription factors playing an important preconditioning role in the modulation of the inflammatory pathway in endothelial cells. This is the first report on the effects of a complex food matrix, on the molecular mechanisms associated with inflammatory response in HUVEC cultured in condition that reproduces the physiological environment occurringin vivo.
Treatment of chronic nasopharyngitis with monopolar suction diathermy
Authors: Bartley J , Barber C 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIntroduction:Chronic nasopharyngeal infection is rare. To our knowledge, no effective treatment for this condition has previously been described. This report documents our experience of using suction ablation diathermy in this clinical setting.Method:We performed a prospective review of four patients aged 23–65 years (two men and two women) who presented with chronic nasopharyngitis. Initial medical management consisted of regular saline irrigation plus a 14-day course of doxycycline 100 mg daily, combined with rifampicin 200 mg twice daily. When this proved unsuccessful, patients subsequently received a four-week course of omeprazole 40 mg daily, also unsuccessfully. Given these treatments' lack of success, surgery was undertaken.Results:Following suction diathermy ablation, nasopharyngeal crusting took four to six weeks to settle. After this, all patients ceased to cough up crusts or infected mucus.Conclusions:Chronic nasopharyngitis is uncommon. If medical management fails, suction ablation diathermy is a useful surgical treatment option.
Emotional expression of capacity and trustworthiness in humor and in social dilemmas
Authors: Li Norman P. , Balliet Daniel 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHumor and social dilemmas are two disparate areas that have been linked to emotions. However, they tend to have been studied apart from considerations of emotion and emotional expression. We provide an overview of how such areas might be illuminated by Vigil's socio-relational framework, and how capacity and trustworthiness are communicated in humor and social dilemmas.
Separating production from perception: Perceiver-based explanations for sex differences in emotion
Authors: Fugate Jennifer M. B. , Gouzoules Harold , Barrett Lisa Feldman 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this commentary, we review evidence that production-based (perceiver-independent) measures reveal few consistent sex differences in emotion. Further, sex differences in perceiver-based measures can be attributed to retrospective or dispositional biases. We end by discussing an alternative view that women might appear to be more emotional because they are more facile with emotion language.
Beyond our origin: Adding social context to an explanation of sex differences in emotion expression
Authors: Fischer Agneta H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractVigil's socio-relational framework of sex differences in emotional expressiveness emphasizes general sex differences in emotional responding, but largely ignores the social context in which emotions are expressed. There is much empirical evidence showing that sex differences in emotion displays are flexible and a function of specific social roles and demands, rather than a reflection of evolutionary-based social adjustments.
On the Discounting of Gained life-Years in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Johannesson Magnus 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA controversial issue in cost-effectiveness analysis is the discounting of gained life-years. What has not been realized, however, is that the different methods used for discounting this measurement provide fundamentally different results. The method used is seldom explicitly stated. In the present article the four main methods for the discounting of gained life-years are reviewed and compared. The conclusion is that if we wish to continue comparing results, researchers must employ the same methodology.
Epidemiology of Intensive Care
Authors: Dragsted Lis , Qvist Jesper 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIt is difficult to study the epidemiology of ICUs, as they lack a uniform nomenclature and/or classification. The organization and distribution of intensive care medicine depend on the size and function of the hospital. The patients in ICUs are predominantly men, with a high proportion of elderly patients (≥70 years) constituting 25–30% of the total. Case-mix, severity of illness and outcome differ from one unit to another, and can be compared only if the patients are classified with a common classification system. Most survivors of intensive care seem to return to normal or near normal functional level within one year. Compared to Western Europe, the United States has more ICU beds and a nearly ten times higher admission rate to intensive care. These variations can be seen as a result of a fundamental difference in the attitudes toward withdrawing or withholding life support.
An Ethical Assessment of Intensive Care
Authors: Marsden Celine 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAny evaluation of intensive care must include an ethical assessment of that technology. This allows us to consider the use of technologyin light of the ends that we desire. The most pressing ethical issues in intensive care are: forgoing life-sustaining treatment, dehumanization of patients and staff within the technological environment, and the allocation of the technology that is integral to intensive care.
Inborn Errors of Amino Acid Metabolism: The Best Strategy for Their Diagnosis
Authors: Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Saudubray Jean-Marie , Kamoun Pierre-Prosper , Blum-Boisgard Claudine 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe performed a cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate whether a pediatrician who suspects an inherited disease of amino acid metabolism should refer the child to a specialist in inborn errors of amino acid metabolism or should prescribe the usual screening test, chromatography of amino acids. Actual hospital costs were used to value the referral, the tests, and the complications that occur when the diagnosis is not recognized. The percent of confirmed diagnoses was chosen as a measure of effectiveness. We conclude that it is more cost-effective for a pediatrician to refer the child to a specialist, that the best strategy in the absence of a referral is to prescribe thin-layer chromatography, and that the least cost-effective strategy is to perform ion-exchange chromatography immediately.
The Effectiveness of Means of Controlling Communicable Diseases
Authors: Warren Kenneth S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMost communicable diseases are caused by infectious agents that are not visible to the naked eye, which led earlier societies to believe in miasmas and control by quarantine. Although microscopes revealed the agents in the eighteenth century, they were not associated with disease syndromes until the late nineteeth century. Today, vaccines are the most cost-effective means of control.
The Transfer of Vaccine Technology to Developing Countries: The Latin American Experience
Authors: Homma Akira , Knouss Robert F. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTechnological advances by developed countries are producing safer, more potent vaccines. In addition, the transfer of the technology of vaccine production to some developing countries has been taking place during the past five decades, thereby making possible the participation of developing countries in the production and supply of the essential biologicals that are required for immunization programs. Examples of successful transfers of technology, the decisive elements and factors that contribute to the transfers, and the major obstacles to such transfers are presented.