bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome in Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials of Cancer Chemotherapy With Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lyman Gary H. , Dale David C. , Wolff Debra A. , Culakova Eva , Poniewierski Marek S. , Kuderer Nicole M. , Crawford Jeffrey 
Published: April 2010

Purpose To evaluate the risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and overall mortality in patients receiving chemotherapy with or without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted. Methods Electronic databases searched through October 2008 identified 3,794 articles for initial screening. Eligibility included solid tumor or lymphoma patients randomly assigned to chemotherapy with or without G-CSF support, ≥ 2 years of follow-up, and reporting AML/MDS or all second malignancies. Dual blinded data extraction was performed. Relative risk (RR) and absolute risk (AR) estimates ± 95% CIs were calculated by the Mantel-Haenszel method. Results In the 25 eligible RCTs, 6,058 and 6,746 patients were randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy with and without initial G-CSF support, respectively. At mean and median follow-up across studies of 60 and 53 months, respectively, AML/MDS was reported in 22 control patients and 43 G-CSF–treated patients, with an estimated RR of 1.92 (95% CI, 1.19 to 3.07; P = .007) and AR increase of 0.41% (95% CI, 0.10% to 0.72%; P = .009). Deaths were reported in 1,845 patients randomly assigned to G-CSF and in 2,099 controls, for estimates of RR and AR decrease of 0.897 (95% CI, 0.857 to 0.938; P < .001) and 3.40% (95% CI, 2.01% to 4.80%; P < .001), respectively. Greater RR reduction for mortality was seen for both larger studies (P = .05) and greater chemotherapy dose-intensity (P = .012). Conclusion Delivered chemotherapy dose-intensity and risk of AML/MDS are increased but all-cause mortality is decreased in patients receiving chemotherapy with G-CSF support. Greater reductions in mortality were observed with greater chemotherapy dose-intensity.
Adherence Is the Critical Factor for Achieving Molecular Responses in Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Who Achieve Complete Cytogenetic Responses on Imatinib
Authors: Marin David , Bazeos Alexandra , Mahon Francois-Xavier , Eliasson Lina , Milojkovic Dragana , Bua Marco , Apperley Jane F. , Szydlo Richard , Desai Ritti , Kozlowski Kasia , Paliompeis Christos , Latham Victoria , Foroni Letizia , Molimard Mathieu , Reid Alistair , Rezvani Katy , de Lavallade Hugues , Guallar Cristina , Goldman John , Khorashad Jamshid S. 
Published: April 2010

Purpose There is a considerable variability in the level of molecular responses achieved with imatinib therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). These differences could result from variable therapy adherence. Methods Eighty-seven patients with chronic-phase CML treated with imatinib 400 mg/d for a median of 59.7 months (range, 25 to 104 months) who had achieved complete cytogenetic response had adherence monitored during a 3-month period by using a microelectronic monitoring device. Adherence was correlated with levels of molecular response. Other factors that could influence outcome were also analyzed. Results Median adherence rate was 98% (range, 24% to 104%). Twenty-three patients (26.4%) had adherence ≤ 90%; in 12 of these patients (14%), adherence was ≤ 80%. There was a strong correlation between adherence rate (≤ 90% or > 90%) and the 6-year probability of a 3-log reduction (also known as major molecular response [MMR]) in BCR-ABL1 transcripts (28.4% v 94.5%; P < .001) and also complete molecular response (CMR; 0% v 43.8%; P = .002). Multivariate analysis identified adherence (relative risk [RR], 11.7; P = .001) and expression of the molecular human organic cation transporter-1 (RR, 1.79; P = .038) as the only independent predictors for MMR. Adherence was the only independent predictor for CMR. No molecular responses were observed when adherence was ≤ 80% (P < .001). Patients whose imatinib doses were increased had poor adherence (86.4%). In this latter population, adherence was the only independent predictor for inability to achieve an MMR (RR, 17.66; P = .006). Conclusion In patients with CML treated with imatinib for some years, poor adherence may be the predominant reason for inability to obtain adequate molecular responses.
European Development of Clofarabine as Treatment for Older Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Considered Unsuitable for Intensive Chemotherapy
Authors: Burnett Alan K. , Russell Nigel H. , Kell Jonathan , Dennis Michael , Milligan Donald , Paolini Stefania , Yin John , Culligan Dominic , Johnston Peter , Murphy John , McMullin Mary-Frances , Hunter Ann , Das-Gupta Emma , Clark Richard , Carr Robert , Hills Robert K. 
Published: April 2010

Purpose Treatment options for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are not considered suitable for intensive chemotherapy are limited. We assessed the second-generation purine nucleoside analog, clofarabine, in two similar phase II studies in this group of patients. Patients and Methods Two consecutive studies, UWCM-001 and BIOV-121, recruited untreated older patients with AML to receive up to four or six 5-day courses of clofarabine. Patients in UWCM-001 were either older than 70 years or 60 to 69 years of age with poor performance status (WHO > 2) or with cardiac comorbidity. Patients in BIOV-121 were ≥ 65 years of age and deemed unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy. Results A total of 106 patients were treated in the two monotherapy studies. Median age was 71 years (range, 60 to 84 years), 30% had adverse-risk cytogenetics, and 36% had a WHO performance score ≥ 2. Forty-eight percent had a complete response (32% complete remission, 16% complete remission with incomplete peripheral blood count recovery), and 18% died within 30 days. Interestingly, response and overall survival were not inferior in the adverse cytogenetic risk group. The safety profile of clofarabine in these elderly patients with AML who were unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy was manageable and typical of a cytotoxic agent in patients with acute leukemia. Patients had similar prognostic characteristics to matched patients treated with low-dose cytarabine in the United Kingdom AML14 trial, but had significantly superior response and overall survival. Conclusion Clofarabine is active and generally well tolerated in this patient group. It is worthy of further evaluation in comparative trials and might be of particular use in patients with adverse cytogenetics.
A Comprehensive Numerical Stress—Strain Analysis of Laser Beam Butt-Welded Titanium Compared with Austenitic Steel Joints
Authors: Casavola C , Lamberti L , Pappalettere C , Tattoli F 
Published: April 2010

Experimental tests on laser beam butt-welded joints made of commercially pure titanium and Ti—6Al—4V alloy showed a fatigue behaviour quite different from that usually observed in the case of AISI 304 joints connected with the same welding technique. In fact, fatigue failures of titanium joints were observed at the level of the base material but not in the notch region, as have been found for austenitic steel. In order to explain this experimental evidence, very detailed finite element models are developed in this paper. The models reproduce the real cord profiles of Ti—6Al—4V and AISI 304 steel welded joints detected by a high-precision coordinate measuring machine. Furthermore, mechanical properties given as input to the finite element models correspond to the real joint microstructure revealed by micro-hardness tests carried out in the different regions of the specimen. Finally, finite element models reproduce the distribution of porosity detected via microscopic inspection of the fractured surfaces. Interactions of weld geometry, material properties, presence/absence of porosity, and level of applied stress are considered in this study, which includes nine different finite element models of titanium and austenitic steel joints. A relevant complication in the analysis of titanium joints is represented by the small thickness and stress concentration effects. Numerical results show that the stress field in titanium joints is sensitive to the combined effect of weld seam geometry and presence of welding defects (pores). The latter produces stress concentration much more severe than that caused by the weld cord. Microstructural support length evaluated near the pores of titanium joints is about the same as that computed near the notch of austenitic steel joints (i.e. near 0). Furthermore, the Topper parameter evaluated for the titanium joints in the presence of pores is much smaller than for the stainless steel joints. Microstructure modifications must be accounted for in order to assess correctly the fatigue behaviour of austenitic steel joints.
More than the sum of its parts? Itemizing impairment in civil cases
Authors: Gregory Amy Hyman , Winter Ryan J. 
Published: April 2010

Purpose. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether making multiple damage awards influenced civil mock jurors' assessments of those damage awards. Specifically, how does making one decision for pain and suffering damage awards versus two decisions (one for mental pain and suffering and physical pain and suffering) versus four decisions (one for loss of enjoyment of life, mental anguish, disfigurement, and physical disability/impairment) influence overall non‐economic damage awards. Methods. One hundred twenty undergraduates from a psychology participant pool read a case vignette that included information regarding four types of injuries that the plaintiff endured: loss of enjoyment of life, mental anguish, disfigurement, and physical disability/impairment. Participants were randomly assigned to render either one award for pain and suffering, two awards (one for physical pain and suffering and one for mental pain and suffering), or four awards (one for each pain and suffering element). Results. Results indicated that participants who rendered four awards provided significantly higher overall non‐economic damage awards than participants who provided one overall award. The variability of damage awards also increased as the number of damage awards increased. Conclusions. Itemizing non‐economic damage awards into distinct injury categories can lead to an increase in overall non‐economic awards. Members of the legal arena should be cautioned against itemizing damages to prevent variability in non‐economic awards.
On surfaces with pg
= 2q – 3
Authors: Lopes Margarida Mendes , Pardini Rita 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We study minimal complex surfaces S of general type with q(S) = q and pg
(S) = 2q – 3, q ≥ 5. We give a complete classification in case that S has a fibration onto a curve of genus ≥ 2. For these surfaces K
2 = 8χ. In general we prove that K
2 ≥ 7χ – 1 and that the stronger inequality K
2 ≥ 8χ holds under extra assumptions (e.g., if the canonical system has no fixed part or the canonical map has even degree).
We also describe the Albanese map of S.
Logarithmic comparison theorem versus Gauss–Manin system for isolated singularities
Authors: Schulze Mathias 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
For quasihomogeneous isolated hypersurface singularities, the logarithmic comparison theorem has been characterized explicitly by Holland and Mond. In the nonquasihomogeneous case, we give a necessary condition for the logarithmic comparison theorem in terms of the Gauss–Manin system of the singularity. It shows in particular that the logarithmic comparison theorem can hold for a nonquasihomogeneous singularity only if 1 is an eigenvalue of the monodromy.
High Speed Weigh-in-Motion Calibration Practices
Authors: Papagiannakis A. T. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This paper provides a summary of the weigh-in-motion (WIM) calibration practices used by state highway and load enforcement agencies in the United States. The detailed statistical data presented were collected through a web-based survey questionnaire. It covers three common WIM calibration practices, namely utilizing multiple passes of test trucks, utilizing traffic stream vehicles of known static weight, and employing only WIM data quality control (QC) techniques. To put the actual practice in perspective, an overview is provided of the current WIM calibration standard (ASTM E1318-02) and the new provisional standard for quantifying pavement roughness at the approach to WIM systems (AASHTO MP 14-05). Most agencies use a combination of two or more of these methods for WIM system calibration. The majority of agencies uses WIM data QC on a routine basis and they resort to one of the other two calibration methods when WIM data quality deteriorates. Test truck calibration typically involves one or two Class 9 trucks running at several speeds. Few of these agencies, however, perform actual pavement roughness measurements on the approach to the WIM sites. Agencies that use traffic stream vehicles of known static weight for WIM calibration obtain static weights manually using permanent static scales. The method involves up to 100 trucks selected by class, speed or both class and speed. Agencies use a variety of traffic elements and formulas for computing calibration factors. Similarly, a variety of traffic data element errors are computed and various approaches are used for computing calibration factors. In the light of these findings, the paper provides a number of recommendations for improving current WIM calibration practices.
Mechanical Behavior of Nanoclay Modified Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Ghaffarpour Jahromi Saeed , Andalibizade Behrooz , Khodaii Ali 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Polymeric nanocomposites are among the most exciting and promising classes of materials discovered recently. A number of physical properties are successfully enhanced when a polymer is modified with small amount of nanoclay on condition that the clay is dispersed at nanoscopic level. In this research, comparative rheological tests on binders and mechanical tests on asphalt mixtures containing unmodified and nanoclay modified bitumen, were carried out. Two types of nanoclay were used: Nanofill-15 and Cloisite-15A. Rheological tests on binder were penetration, softening point, ductility, and aging effect. Mechanical tests on asphalt mixture were Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength, resilient modulus, diametric fatigue, and dynamic creep tests. Test results show that nanoclay can improve properties such as stability, resilient modulus, and indirect tensile strength and result in superior performance compared to that of unmodified bitumen under dynamic creep. Nanoclays do not seem to have beneficial effect on fatigue behavior in low temperature. Optimum binder content and void in total mixture increase by adding nanoclay to bitumen.
Evaluation of Statistical Validity of Some Asphalt Binder Grade Systems
Authors: Doh Y. S. , Amirkhanian Serji N. , Thodesen Carl , Bridges William , Kim Kwang W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The performance grade (PG) and the penetration (pen) grade systems were examined for their statistical validity. It is found from this limited study that the pass/fail high-temperature of the PG binder follows a normal distribution. Since PG system has no gap between each grade, the binder falling out of limit trespasses into another binder grade. The Korean pen grading system has the same problem. Therefore, many products can have similar property levels with an adjacent-grade even though the mean value is within the specification limit. The PG binder will have a high chance of passing the rheological requirements at above the upper limit but the least chance of falling below the lower limit because the means were above median and variations were higher than they should be. Since PG is characterized without gap between each grade, the producer must maintain the coefficient of variation below the current level to satisfy the quality control limit of the product. Similarly, in other grading systems such as the Korean pen specifications, due to its lack of a gap between grades, higher percentage of products will be duplicated even if the mean is at the median of the specification limits due to material’s quality uncertainty. Especially if the mean moves toward the upper limit, one-half of the binder grade will be overlapped with the higher binder grade. Therefore, these specifications should be statistically examined for further modification.
Evaluation of Reclaimed Polyethylene-Modified Asphalt Pavements
Authors: Punith V. S. , Veeraragavan A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Every year several million tons of low-density polyethylene (PE) carry bags are produced as waste in India. PE is not readily biodegradable and will persist in the environment in a more or less unchanged state for a considerable period of time. Also environmental problems are created due to dumping and also due to limited alternatives for recycling. Utilization of reclaimed PE is of great significance to developed/developing countries particularly for reduction in environmental pollution created due to dumping of PE bags. Since highways require huge amounts of construction materials, incorporation of only a small portion of recycled material will dispose of large quantity of PE bags. In the year 2002, conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA) (control) and PE-modified HMA (PEHMA) test sections were constructed along Outer Ring Road connecting National Highway-4 and Bangalore City. The performances of the control HMA and the PEHMA mixtures were evaluated periodically over a period of 5 years. The control HMA and PEHMA were subjected to a laboratory testing program that included tests to evaluate creep, indirect tensile strength, tensile strength ratio, resilient modulus (MR), gyratory properties, voids in total mixture, and bulk densities. Test results indicated that the PEHMA mixtures had lower moisture susceptibility, higher tensile strength, and resilient modulus. The gyratory properties and creep tests indicate that the PEHMA mixtures are more resistant to rutting. In-place performance was evaluated by pavement deflection and unevenness measurement for 5 years of the pavement’s life. Field performance results indicated that wheel path cracking was observed on the control section and no cracks were observed on the PEHMA test section.
Modal Parameter Identification of a Prototype Arch Dam Using Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition and Stochastic Subspace Identification Techniques
Authors: Sevim Barış , Bayraktar Alemdar , Altunişik Ahmet Can , Adanur Süleyman , Akköse Mehmet 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
In this study, dynamic characteristics of a prototype arch dam-reservoir-foundation model are determined by operational modal analysis method using frequency and time domain techniques. For this purpose, a prototype arch am-reservoir-foundation model is constructed in laboratory conditions. Ambient vibration tests were conducted to the arch dam to identify its natural frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios. Natural excitations such as small impact effects were used to vibrate the arch dam. Sensitivity accelerometers were used to collect signals from the measurements. Measurements were recorded for empty and full reservoirs. The signals collected from the tests were processed by operational modal analysis software, and the dynamic characteristics of the dam were estimated using enhanced frequency domain decomposition and stochastic subspace identification techniques. The dynamic characteristics obtained from both techniques are close to each other. It can be stated that the both enhanced frequency domain decomposition and stochastic subspace identification techniques are very useful to identify the modal parameter of the prototype arch dam. In addition, it is observed that there is 20–25 % difference between natural frequencies for empty and full reservoirs.
A Novel Measurement System for Dry Rubber Content in Concentrated Latex Based on Y-Type Optical Fiber
Authors: Zhang L. , Zhao Z. M. , Jin X. D. , Liu L. , Chen G. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A new-style measurement system for dry rubber content in concentrated latex based on Y-type optical fiber is explained in this paper. The hardware of this system consists of light source, Y-type optical fiber, photodetector, and preamplifier, second-level amplifier for reducing temperature shift, analog-to-digital converter, and processor. The standard model of measurement system will be loaded into the processor used for data acquisition, processing, and output. The sensitivity of the system is enhanced through optimizing the signal source and detector; the incubator and reference signal designed here are used to eliminate the influence of the external factors, especially the temperature; the stability of the system can be improved by adopting efficient signal processing arithmetic. The experimental results show that this system cannot only measure the dry rubber content in concentrated latex rapidly and in real-time but also achieve the objective of anti-counterfeiting detection.
Clinical, hormonal and molecular characterization of pituitary ACTH adenomas without (silent corticotroph adenomas) and with Cushing's disease
Authors: Raverot Gérald , Wierinckx Anne , Jouanneau Emmanuel , Auger Carole , Borson-Chazot Françoise , Lachuer Joël , Pugeat Michel , Trouillas Jacqueline 
Published: April 2010

ObjectiveSilent corticotroph adenomas (SCAs) are rare pituitary tumours immunoreactive for ACTH, but without clinical evidence of Cushing's disease. We characterized SCAs based on clinical, hormonal and molecular data, and compared the characteristics of these tumours with those of macro (MCA)- and micro (mCA)-ACTH adenomas with Cushing's disease.MethodsFifty ACTH adenomas (14 SCAs, 15 MCAs and 21 mCAs) with complete corresponding clinical, radiological and biochemical data were selected. Histological corticotroph differentiation; immunostaining for ACTH, β-endorphin and β-LPH; and mRNA expression levels of TPIT, POMC, GRα, prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) and galectin-3 were compared in 21 representative tumours.ResultsDespite the absence of clinical hypercortisolism in patients with SCA, elevated plasma ACTH levels that were similar to those associated with mCA were observed. The cortisol/ACTH ratio was similar between SCA and MCA groups and lower than that found with mCA (P<0.05). This dissociation could be explained by lower expression of PC1/3 in SCA and MCA than in mCA (P<0.05). After an i.v. dexamethasone suppression test, ACTH levels were significantly higher in patients with MCA than in those with mCA (P<0.05). Cytological and immunocytochemical analyses as well as mRNA expression levels of TPIT, POMC and GRα confirmed corticotroph differentiation in both mCAs and MCAs and in half of the SCAs, with a strong correlation between TPIT and POMC mRNA expression levels in SCAs (R2=0.72; P<0.01) and in MCAs (R2=0.65; P<0.05).ConclusionsDespite the absence of hypercortisolism, SCAs exhibit histological, biochemical and molecular corticotroph differentiation. SCA and MCA show hormonal and molecular similarities differentiating them from mCA.