bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presentation of Nonfinal Results of Randomized Controlled Trials at Major Oncology Meetings
Authors: Booth Christopher M. , Le Maître Aurélie , Ding Keyue , Farn Kristen , Fralick Michael , Phillips Cameron , Cescon David W. , Meyer Ralph M. 
Published: July 2009

Purpose To assess the frequency, implications, and factors associated with reporting nonfinal analyses (NFAs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as abstract publications. Methods We identified 138 consecutive reports of RCTs testing systemic therapy for lymphoma, breast, colorectal, or non–small-cell lung cancer published in six major journals between 2000 and 2004. We then searched proceedings of seven major cancer meetings, 1990 to 2004, for abstracts related to these publications which presented efficacy results. Articles and abstracts were compared for discordance in sample size, median follow-up, results, and conclusions. Abstracts were evaluated for statements explicitly noting or implying that results were not final. Factors associated with discordance were assessed by uni- and multivariate analyses. Results We identified 303 related abstracts; 197 were eligible. In 86 abstracts (44%), results were stated or implied to be NFA; this was explicitly stated in 41 (21%). The NFAs included 12 where accrual was ongoing. Discordance with article was found in 124 abstracts (63%) and was more common with NFAs (67 of 86 [78%] v 57 of 111 [51%]; P = .0001). When compared with articles, authors' conclusions were substantively different in 17 abstracts (10%). Factors most associated with data discordance were lymphoma trial (odds ratio [OR], 3.8; 95% CI, 1.5 to 10.8), cooperative group trial (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4 to 5.6), and presentation of a NFA (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.5 to 5.8). Conclusion Meeting abstracts often include NFAs and are frequently discordant with subsequent article publication.
Lung Dose-Volume Parameters and the Risk of Pneumonitis for Patients Treated With Accelerated Partial-Breast Irradiation Using Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy
Authors: Recht Abram , Ancukiewicz Marek , Alm El-Din Mohamed A. , Lu Xing-Qi , Martin Chrystalla , Berman Stuart M. , Hirsch Ariel E. , Kachnic Lisa A. , Katz Angela , MacDonald Shannon , Nedea Elena A. , Stevenson Mary Ann , Powell Simon N. , Taghian Alphonse G. 
Published: July 2009

Purpose There are no data on how complication rates after accelerated partial-breast irradiation delivered by three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy are affected by treatment technique. We therefore examined the risk of pneumonitis in relation to lung dose-volume parameters. Patients and Methods Our prospective dose-escalation trial enrolled 198 treated patients from 2003 to 2007. Patients received 32 or 36 Gy in 4-Gy fractions, given twice daily: 29 (14%) were treated with pure photons; 149 (77%) with mixed photons and electrons; and 20 (10%) with protons. Results There were four cases of pneumonitis at 4, 4, 7, and 9 months after treatment. All were in the 36-Gy cohort and were treated with pure photons. The risk of pneumonitis for the two cohorts combined was: 17% (four of 24) for an ipsilateral lung volume (ILV) receiving 20 Gy or higher (ILV, 20 Gy) of 3% or higher (P = .0002 for comparison to ILV 20 Gy < 3%, Fisher's exact test); 20% (four of 20) for an ILV 10 Gy of 10% or higher (P = .0001); and 15% (four of 26) for an ILV 5 Gy of 20% or higher (P = .0002). Conclusion The risk of pneumonitis appeared related to the ILV treated. This volume can be reduced by using mixed photons and electron when possible. We recommend that the ILV 20 Gy should be lower than 3%, the ILV 10 Gy lower than 10%, and the ILV 5 Gy lower than 20% when purely coplanar techniques are used.
Clinical Implications of the Colorectal Cancer Risk Associated With MUTYH Mutation
Authors: Lubbe Steven J. , Di Bernardo Maria Chiara , Chandler Ian P. , Houlston Richard S. 
Published: July 2009

Purpose Biallelic mutations in the base excision DNA repair gene MUTYH predispose to colorectal cancer (CRC). Evidence that monoallelic mutations also confer an elevated CRC risk is controversial. Precise quantification of the CRC risk and the phenotype associated with MUTYH mutations is relevant to the counseling, surveillance, and clinical management of at-risk individuals. Methods We analyzed a population-based series of 9,268 patients with CRC and 5,064 controls for the Y179C and G396D MUTYH mutations. We related genotypes to phenotype and calculated genotype-specific CRC risks. Results Overall, biallelic mutation status conferred a 28-fold increase in CRC risk (95% CI,17.66 to 44.06); this accounted for 0.3% of CRCs in the cohort. Genotype relative risks of CRC were strongly age dependent, but penetrance was incomplete at age 60 years. CRC that developed in the context of biallelic mutations were microsatellite stable. Biallelic mutation carriers were more likely to have proximal CRC (P = 4.0 × 10−4) and synchronous polyps (P = 5.7 × 10−9) than noncarriers. The performance characteristics of clinicopathologic criteria for the identification of biallelic mutations are poor. Monoallelic mutation was not associated with an increased CRC risk (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.31). Conclusion The high risk and the propensity for proximal disease associated with biallielic MUTYH mutation justify colonoscopic surveillance. Although mutation screening should be directed to patients with APC-negative polyposis and early-onset proximal MSS CRC in whom detection rates will be highest, the expanded phenotype associated with MUTYH mutation needs to be recognized. There is no evidence than monoallelic mutation status per se is clinically important.
Comparing apples and oranges: How do patient characteristics and treatment goals vary between different forms of psychotherapy?
Authors: Philips Björn 
Published: July 2009

Objectives. The aim is to investigate whether different modalities and orientations of psychotherapy diverge with regard to patient characteristics and treatment goals, in a naturalistic setting for patients with substance use disorders.Design. All psychotherapies (N=262) during a year were surveyed at the Centre for Dependency Disorders, Stockholm County Council. Data were collected from the psychotherapists (N=38).Methods. A therapist questionnaire was used, covering the topics of interest. Data regarding problems and goals were categorized using a qualitative clustering method. Differences between therapy formats were analysed using statistical methods.Results. The prevalence of psychological problems among the patients was high (88%). Patients in cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and family therapy (FT) had less severe psychological problems than patients in the other psychotherapy formats. With regard to treatment goals, FT focused on improved family relations, group therapies on relational improvements, psychodynamic therapies on insight and improved functioning, while CBT focused on behaviour change and improved motivation for change.Conclusions. These findings suggest a shortcoming of the aim of the EST movement to consider reduction of target symptom as the only relevant treatment goal and to compare the efficacy of different treatments in this regard.
TextGrid: eScholarship und vernetzte AngeboteTextGrid: eScholarship in a Network of Resources
Authors: Küster Marc Wilhelm , Ludwig Christoph , Aschenbrenner Andreas 
Published: July 2009

Zusammenfassung
Das TextGrid-Konsortium bringt acht über ganz Deutschland verteilte Institutionen aus dem akademischen und kommerziellen Sektor zusammen, um eine modulare Plattform für verteilte und kooperative wissenschaftliche Textdatenverarbeitung zu erarbeiten. Unter Einsatz der Grid-Infrastruktur führt es verschiedene Datenstrukturen aus unterschiedlichen Projekten in einem virtuellen Korpus zusammen, das als Ganzes oder in ausgewählten Teilen analysiert und bearbeitet werden kann. Als dezidiert auf Kollaboration auch über die Grenzen von TextGrid selbst ausgerichtete Plattform verändert sie auch den Arbeitsalltag des geisteswissenschaftlichen Forschers, weg vom Bild des weitgehend isoliert arbeitenden Philologen hin zur Teamarbeit an Daten und Werkzeugen gleichermaßen. Aus Informatiksicht ist TextGrid wiederum ein Beispiel für ein komplexes, lose gekoppeltes Digitales Ökosystem mit Spielern aus vielen Disziplinen und Ländern.
Daten als Dienste: Wörterbücher als Erschließungsinstrumente in der virtuellen Arbeitsumgebung “TextGrid”Data as Services: Dictionaries as a Means of Accessing Texts in the Virtual Research Environment “TextGrid”
Authors: Büdenbender Stefan , Leuk Michael 
Published: July 2009

Zusammenfassung
TextGrid führt als modulare Plattform für verteilte und kooperative wissenschaftliche Textdatenverarbeitung Ressourcen unterschiedlichster Art in einer Forschungsumgebung zusammen, in der Daten und Dienste sich gegenseitig bedingen. Diese Einheit soll am Beispiel der Integration von Online-Wörterbüchern illustriert werden, wobei das besondere Augenmerk dem Wörterbuch-Linkeditor gelten wird, einem Werkzeug, das in technischer wie konzeptueller Hinsicht eine Schnittstelle zwischen beiden Komponenten darstellt.
ZUCCARO — Ein Informationssystem für die historischen WissenschaftenZUCCARO — An Information System for the Humanities
Authors: Raspe Martin , Schelbert Georg 
Published: July 2009

Zusammenfassung
Wie kann man Geschichte in einer Datenbank auf adäquate Weise abbilden? Wie erfasst man Informationen über historische Ereignisse und die daran beteiligten Personen, Orte und Gegenstände und erschließt sie so, dass durch das Datenmodell möglichst universelle Zugangswege eröffnet werden? ZUCCARO (ZOPE-based Universally Configurable Classes for Academic Reseach Online), ein Projekt der Bibliotheca Hertziana, des Max-Planck-Instituts für Kunstgeschichte in Rom, versucht diese Fragen zu beantworten und modellhaft vorzuführen. Angeregt durch das “CIDOC Content Reference Model”, einer Ontologie zur Erfassung historischen Kulturguts, entstand ein Datenbanksystem auf der Basis des Web Application Servers ZOPE. Das Datenmodell basiert auf drei Schichten: Den allgemeinen historischen Stammdaten wie Personen, Orte, Institutionen und Bauwerke, den spezifisch kunsthistorischen Daten (Gemälde, Skulpturen, Druckgraphiken) und der wissenschaftlichen Dokumentation (Fotografien, Quellen, Bibliographie). Alle diese Datenklassen sind miteinander verknüpft durch das “historische Ereignis”, durch das der geschichtliche Kontext hergestellt wird. Auf diese Weise werden Redundanzen vermieden und die Daten von beliebigen Standpunkten aus abfragbar gemacht. Das Projekt wird mit Open Source Software verwirklicht, die Inhalte werden Wissenschaftlern auf der ganzen Welt frei zugänglich sein.
Estimating Selection Intensity on Synonymous Codon Usage in a Nonequilibrium Population
Authors: Zeng Kai , Charlesworth Brian 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Codon usage bias is the nonrandom use of synonymous codons for the same amino acid. Most population genetic models of codon usage evolution assume that the population is at mutation–selection–drift equilibrium. Natural populations, however, frequently deviate from equilibrium, often because of recent demographic changes. Here, we construct a matrix model that includes the effects of a recent change in population size on estimates of selection on preferred vs. unpreferred codons. Our results suggest that patterns of synonymous polymorphisms affecting codon usage can be quite erratic after such a change; statistical methods that fail to take demographic effects into account can then give incorrect estimates of important parameters. We propose a new method that can accurately estimate both demographic and codon usage parameters. The method also provides a simple way of testing for the effects of covariates such as gene length and level of gene expression on the intensity of selection, which we apply to a large Drosophila melanogaster polymorphism data set. Our analyses of twofold degenerate codons reveal that (i) selection acts in favor of preferred codons, (ii) there is mutational bias in favor of unpreferred codons, (iii) shorter genes and genes with higher expression levels are under stronger selection, and (iv) there is little evidence for a recent change in population size in the Zimbabwe population of D. melanogaster.
Evidence for Gene Length As a Determinant of Gene Coexpression in Protein Complexes
Authors: Chen Xiaoshu , Shi Suhua , He Xionglei 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Variation of gene length imposes a challenge on genes requiring coexpression. Using a large human protein complex data set, we show that genes encoding subunits of the same protein complex tend to have similar length. The length uniformity is greater for complexes with stronger coexpression. We also show that the rate of gene length evolution is associated with gene coexpression level within a complex. These results suggest a new angle in understanding the evolution of protein complexes as well as the regulation of gene coexpression.
A Comparative Study of Treatment of Chronic Backache Between Conventional Method and Trigger Point Injections (TPI)
Authors: Hossain MHM Delwar , Choudhury Md Rezaul Alam , Mojumder Md Masudur Alam 
Published: July 2009

Non-specific low backache of mechanical origin is common symptoms of disability in the community. There are many causes of low backache; these are mechanical and non-mechanical types. The commonest form of low backache is structural dysfunction that has direct relationship with activity. There are many regimens of treatment of low backache and trigger points injection (TPI) is one modality of them. This comparative study between TPI and conventional treatment of chronic backache was carried out at Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Bogra over a period of one year where 60 patients were treated. Out of 60 patients, 30 patients in group-I was given conventional treatment and other 30 patients in group-II were provided TPI. The mean age distribution was 42.33±5.79 years in group-I and 43.76±6.35 years in group-II, mean weight of the patients was 73.43±7.2 kg in group-I and 74.46±8.04 kg in group-II. Mean height of the patients were 165.33±9.84 cm in group-I and 166.50±9.10 cm in group-II. Mean duration of backache was 33.86 ±16.89 months in group-I and 32.10.±14.53 months in group- II and male female ratio was 18:12 in group-I and 22: 8 in group-II. In group-II TPI was provided, where their mean sessions of TPI requirement was 4.1±1.21. After treatment, their mean visual analogue scale (VAS) was 4.77±0.76 in group-I and 3.81±0.84 in group-II which is not statistically significant and duration of mean pain relief was 3.78±0.79 months in group-I and 5.65±1.21 months in group-II which is statistically significant. TPI is not a new modality of treatment of pain but it is not commonly practice in this country; which can be adopted for pain management usually without side effect. Key Words: Backache, Trigger point injection (TPI). doi: 10.3329/jafmc.v5i1.2850 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 5, No 1 (June) 2009 pp.37-40
Continuity and change in social and physical aggression from middle childhood through early adolescence
Authors: Underwood Marion K. , Beron Kurt J. , Rosen Lisa H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFor a sample followed from age 9–13 (N=281), this investigation examined developmental trajectories for social and physical aggression as measured by teacher ratings. Trajectories for both forms of aggression were estimated first separately, then jointly. Mean levels of both social and physical aggression decreased over time for the overall sample, but with high variability of individual trajectories. Subgroups followed high trajectories for both social and physical aggression. Joint estimation yielded six trajectories: low stable, low increasers, medium increasers, medium desisters, high desisters, and high increasers. Membership in the high increaser group was predicted by male gender, unmarried parents, African American ethnicity, and maternal authoritarian and permissive parenting. Permissive parenting also predicted membership in the medium increaser group. This is one of the first studies to examine social aggression longitudinally across this developmental period. Though the results challenge the claim that social aggression is at its peak in early adolescence, the findings emphasize the importance of considering different developmental trajectories in trying to understand origins and outcomes of aggression. Aggr. Behav. 35:357–375, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dyeability improvement of proteinic and polyamide fabrics pretreated with saccharin sodium salt: A kinetic approach
Authors: Allam O. G. , Bendak A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractImprovement of the dyeability of wool, silk, and polyamide fabrics with cationic dye was achieved by their pretreatments with saccharin sodium salt. The acquired color values of the dyed materials were significantly enhanced by the aforementioned treatment. Kinetic investigations of the dyeing process were performed by determining the half dyeing time, specific dyeing rate constant, and diffusion coefficient. Fastness properties to crocking (dry and wet) and washing of the pretreated dyed fabrics were significantly improved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis of Novel Diselenide‐Linked Porphyrin Dimers under Phase‐Transfer Catalysis Condition and Their Interactions with DNA
Authors: Xue Zhi , Kwong Daniel Wei‐Jing , Xue Ling‐Wei , Liu Qing , Hou An‐Xin , Wong Wai‐Kwok 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNovel diselenide‐linked porphyrin dimers were synthesized under phase‐transfer catalysis conditions. The targeted compounds were characterized by 1H‐NMR, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, UV/VIS and fluorescence spectroscopies, redox‐potential measurements, and elemental analysis. The interaction of the title compounds with DNA was studied using UV/VIS, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. The relative rates of singlet‐oxygen production from the diselenide‐linked porphyrin dimers upon photoirradiation were also measured.
Reactions of 4‐[Bis(2‐chloroethyl)amino]benzenebutanoic Acid (Chlorambucil) with DNA
Authors: Florea‐Wang Diana , Pawlowicz Agnieszka J. , Sinkkonen Jari , Kronberg Leif , Vilpo Juhani , Hovinen Jari 
Published: July 2009

Abstract4‐[Bis(2‐chloroethyl)amino]benzenebutanoic acid (=chlorambucil, 1; 2.5 mM) was allowed to react with single‐ and double‐stranded calf thymus DNA at physiological pH (cacodylic acid, 50% base) at 37°. The DNA–chlorambucil adducts were identified by analyzing the DNA hydrolysates by NMR, UV, HPLC, LC/ESI‐MS/MS techniques as well as by spiking with authentic materials. ssDNA was more reactive than dsDNA, and the order of reactivity in ssDNA was Ade‐N1>Gua‐N7>Cyt‐N3>Ade‐N3. The most reactive site in dsDNA was Ade‐N3. The Gua‐N7 and Ade‐N3 adducts were hydrolytically labile. Ade‐N7 adduct could not be identified in the hydrolysates of ssDNA or dsDNA. The adduct Gua‐N7,N7, which consists of two units of Gua bound together with a unit derived from chlorambucil, is a cross‐linking adduct, and it was detected in the hydrolysates of ssDNA and dsDNA. Also several other adducts were detected which could be characterized by spiking with previously isolated authentic adducts or tentatively by MS. The role of chlorambucil–DNA adducts on the cytotoxicity and mutagenity of 1 is also discussed.
A Versatile Transport Network for Sequestering and Excreting Plant Glycosides in Leaf Beetles Provides an Evolutionary Flexible Defense Strategy
Authors: Discher Sabrina , Burse Antje , Tolzin‐Banasch Karla , Heinemann Stefan H. , Pasteels Jacques M. , Boland Wilhelm 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe larval defenses of chrysomeline leaf beetles comprise components that are either synthesized de novo or sequestered from their food plants. Both biosynthetic modes are based on glucosides that serve as substrates and forms of transport. The defensive glands import the compounds through highly selective glucoside transporters from a circulating pool in the hemolymph. Here we address the selectivity of the different transport systems with larvae of Chrysomela populi, an obligate sequestering species, and with larvae of Phaedon cochleariae, producing nonaterpene iridoids. Both species possess an interconnected network of transport systems for uptake and excretion. The glucosides are imported by the gut membrane with low selectivity. Their excretion by the Malpighian tubules is similarly unselective, but the uptake of the glucosides from the hemolymph into the defensive system is specific. Only the genuine glucoside precursors made de novo or sequestered from the plant are imported. The successful combination of the precursor‐adapted pathways of excretion and defense has probably allowed many leaf beetle species to adaptively radiate onto, and coevolve with plants that offer appropriate glucoside precursors.
Magneto‐transport properties of polycrystalline YBa2(Cu1‐xMx)3O7‐δ (M = B and Mn)
Authors: Albiss B. A. , Obaidat I. M. , Gharaibeh M. , Hatamleh W. , Barhoum S. A. , Hasan M. K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe magnetic and transport properties of polycrystalline YBa2 (Cu1‐xMx)3 O7‐δ (M = B and Mn) superconductor was investigated. Samples of YBa2(Cu1‐xBx)3O7‐δ doped with several concentrations of boron B(x = 0.05 and 0.1) were investigated using magnetization measurements. A YBa2(Cu1‐xMnx)3O7‐δ sample doped with Mn with concentration of x = 0.02 was investigated using current‐voltage (I‐V) measurements. Our results on the YBa2(Cu1‐xBx)3O7‐δ samples reveal a considerable increase in the hysterisis width of the magnetization, M versus the applied magnetic field H with increasing boron concentration. The lower critical field was also found to be enhanced by boron doping. The critical current density, Jc was found to be significantly enhanced in the Mn‐doped sample. The enhancement of Jc was found to be more significant at the lower temperatures for all applied magnetic fields used (0 Oe, 300 Oe, and 500 Oe). Thus, chemical doping is suggested to enhance the vortex pinning forces in the YBCO samples. From the resistivity (R‐T) measurements, chemical doping of the samples was found to have no significant effect on the critical temperature, Tc. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Factors limiting song acquisition in adult zebra finches
Authors: Funabiki Yasuko , Funabiki Kazuo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSong learning takes place in two separate or partially overlapping periods, a sensory phase in which a tutor song is memorized and a sensorimotor phase in which a copy of the model is produced. The stage of song development where song becomes stable and stereotyped is called crystallization. Adult birds usually do not learn new song in many species including the zebra finch. However, it is not known whether song crystallization as such or aging impedes adult learning. Exposure to loud noises prevents birds from developing and crystallizing their song, because they cannot control their voice by auditory feedback. Zebra finches even without previous experience of hearing or singing a song failed to learn a song model provided in adulthood. Thus, neither the absence of a tutor song nor the lack of song crystallization enables new song learning in adulthood, but age per se limits the ability or motivation to learn song. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009
Regulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling by protein kinases
Authors: Verheyen Esther M. , Gottardi Cara J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway plays essential roles during development and adult tissue homeostasis. Inappropriate activation of the pathway can result in a variety of malignancies. Protein kinases have emerged as key regulators at multiple steps of the Wnt pathway. In this review, we present a synthesis covering the latest information on how Wnt signaling is regulated by diverse protein kinases. Developmental Dynamics 239:34–44, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.