bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency and Damping Estimation Methods - An Overview
Authors: Zieliński Tomasz , Duda Krzysztof 
Published: December 2011

Frequency and Damping Estimation Methods - An Overview
This overview paper presents and compares different methods traditionally used for estimating damped sinusoid parameters. Firstly, direct nonlinear least squares fitting the signal model in the time and frequency domains are described. Next, possible applications of the Hilbert transform for signal demodulation are presented. Then, a wide range of autoregressive modelling methods, valid for damped sinusoids, are discussed, in which frequency and damping are estimated from calculated signal linear self-prediction coefficients. These methods aim at solving, directly or using least squares, a matrix linear equation in which signal or its autocorrelation function samples are used. The Prony, Steiglitz-McBride, Kumaresan-Tufts, Total Least Squares, Matrix Pencil, Yule-Walker and Pisarenko methods are taken into account. Finally, the interpolated discrete Fourier transform is presented with examples of Bertocco, Yoshida, and Agrež algorithms. The Matlab codes of all the discussed methods are given. The second part of the paper presents simulation results, compared with the Cramér-Rao lower bound and commented. All tested methods are compared with respect to their accuracy (systematic errors), noise robustness, required signal length, and computational complexity.
Measurement of Thermal Behavior of Detector Array Surface with the Use of Microscopic Thermal Camera
Authors: Bieszczad Grzegorz , Kastek Mariusz 
Published: December 2011

Measurement of Thermal Behavior of Detector Array Surface with the Use of Microscopic Thermal Camera
Modern infrared cameras are constructed with two main types of infrared detectors: photon detectors and thermal detectors. Because of economic reasons, vast numbers of modern thermal cameras are constructed with the use of infrared microbolometric detectors which belong to the group of thermal detectors. Thermal detectors detect incident infrared radiation by measuring changes of temperature on the surface of a special micro-bridge structure. Thermal detectors, like microbolometric detectors on one hand should be sensitive to changing temperature to accurately measure incoming infrared radiation from the observed scene, on the other hand there are many other phenomena that change the temperature of the detector and influence the overall response of the detector. In order to construct an accurate infrared camera, there is a need to evaluate these phenomena and quantify their influence. In the article the phenomenon of self heating due to the operation of the readout circuit is analyzed on an UL 03 19 1 detector. The theoretical analysis is compared with the results of conducted measurements. Measurements with a type SC7900VL thermographic camera were performed to measure the thermodynamic behavior of the UL 03 19 1 detector array.
Combination of Rigorous and Statistical Modeling for Process Development of Plant‐Based Extractions Based on Mass Balances and Biological Aspects
Authors: Kassing M. , Jenelten U. , Schenk J. , Hänsch R. , Strube J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA rigorous model supported by botanical investigations has been developed to predict percolation results. Botanical investigations provide needed modeling parameters like pore size, porosity, or target compound distributions over the particle. After determining the desorption isotherm with maceration experiments at different solvent‐feed ratios, the model is validated with short residence time percolation experiments. With the aid of this validated model, percolation experiments with long residence times can be predicted and different process scenarios calculated. A combination of design of experiments and rigorous modeling together with standard equipment and experimental model parameter determination provides a fast and robust experimental design on the one hand and the precondition for a process parameter data‐based learning curve on the basis of rigorous modeling in the mid‐ or long‐term on the other hand.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of MHD mixed convection in a two‐sided lid‐driven square cavity
Authors: Sajjadi H. , Gorji‐Bandpy M. , Ganji D.D. , Kefayati GH.R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper the effects of a magnetic field on mixed convection flow in a two‐sided lid‐driven cavity have been analyzed by the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The Hartmann number varied from Ha = 0 to 100. The study has been conducted for different Richardson numbers (Ri) from 0.01 to 100 while the direction of the magnetic field was investigated in the x‐direction. Consequences demonstrate that the heat transfer augments with an increment of the Richardson number for different Hartmann numbers for two cases. The heat transfer declines with the growth of the magnetic field for various Richardson numbers for two cases. The difference between the values of heat transfer for the two cases at variant parameters is negligible but the trend of fluid flow for the two cases is multifarious. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20402
SCG postnatal remodelling – hypertrophy and neuron number stability – in Spix's Yellow‐toothed Cavies (Galea spixii)
Authors: Ladd Aliny A.B. Lobo , Ladd Fernando V. Lobo , da Silva Andrea A.P. , Oliveira Moacir F. , de Souza Romeu R. , Coppi Antonio A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWhilst a fall in neuron numbers seems a common pattern during postnatal development, several authors have nonetheless reported an increase in neuron number, which may be associated with any one of a number of possible processes encapsulating either neurogenesis or late maturation and incomplete differentiation. Recent publications have thus added further fuel to the notion that a postnatal neurogenesis may indeed exist in sympathetic ganglia. In the light of these uncertainties surrounding the effects exerted by postnatal development on the number of superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons, we have used state‐of‐the‐art design‐based stereology to investigate the quantitative structure of SCG at four distinct timepoints after birth, viz., 1–3 days, 1 month, 12 months and 36 months. The main effects exerted by ageing on the SCG structure were: (i) a 77% increase in ganglion volume; (ii) stability in the total number of the whole population of SCG nerve cells (no change – either increase or decrease) during post‐natal development; (iii) a higher proportion of uninucleate neurons to binucleate neurons only in newborn animals; (iv) a 130% increase in the volume of uninucleate cell bodies; and (v) the presence of BrdU positive neurons in animals at all ages. At the time of writing our results support the idea that neurogenesis takes place in the SCG of preás, albeit it warrants confirmation by further markers. We also hypothesise that a portfolio of other mechanisms: cell repair, maturation, differentiation and death may be equally intertwined and implicated in the numerical stability of SCG neurons during postnatal development.
Analysis of biennial outbreak pattern of respiratory syncytial virus according to subtype (A and B) in the Zagreb region
Authors: Mlinaric‐Galinovic Gordana , Tabain Irena , Kukovec Tamara , Vojnovic Gordana , Bozikov Jadranka , Bogovic‐Cepin Jasna , Ivkovic‐Jurekovic Irena , Knezovic Ivica , Tesovic Goran , Welliver Robert C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:  The epidemic pattern of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Croatia is biennial. In order to determine if the circulation of different RSV subtypes affects the outbreak cycle, the aim of the present study was to analyze the epidemic pattern of RSV in children in Croatia (Zagreb region) over a period of 3 consecutive years.Methods:  The study group consisted of 696 inpatients, aged 0–5 years, who were hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infections caused by RSV, in Zagreb, in the period 1 January 2006–31 December 2008. The virus was identified in nasopharyngeal secretions using direct immunofluorescence. The virus subtype was determined on real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results:  Of 696 RSV infections identified in children, subtype A virus caused 374 infections, and subtype B, 318. Four patients had a dual RSV infection (subtypes A and B). The period of study was characterized by four epidemic waves of RSV infections: the first, smaller, in the spring of 2006; the second, larger, in December 2006/January 2007; the third in spring 2008, followed by a fourth outbreak beginning in November of 2008. The biennial virus cycles were persistent although the predominant RSV subtype in the first two epidemic waves was subtype B, and in the second two it was subtype A.Conclusion:  Over a 3 year period of observation, the biennial RSV cycle in Croatia cannot be explained by a difference in the predominant circulating subtype of RSV. Other unknown factors account for the biennial cycle of RSV epidemics in Croatia.
Increasing body weight and risk of limitations in activities of daily living: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Backholer K. , Wong E. , Freak‐Poli R. , Walls H. L. , Peeters A. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThis study examined the relationship between normal weight, overweight and obesity class I and II+, and the risk of disability, which is defined as impairment in activities of daily living (ADL). Systematic searching of the literature identified eight cross‐sectional studies and four longitudinal studies that were comparable for meta‐analysis. An additional four cross‐sectional studies and one longitudinal study were included for qualitative review. Results from the meta‐analysis of cross‐sectional studies revealed a graded increase in the risk of ADL limitations from overweight (1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.08), class I obesity (1.16, 95% CI 1.11–1.21) and class II+ obesity (1.76, 95% CI 1.28–2.41), relative to normal weight. Meta‐analyses of longitudinal studies revealed a similar graded relationship; however, the magnitude of this relationship was slightly greater for all body mass index categories. Qualitative analysis of studies that met the inclusion criteria but were not compatible for meta‐analysis supported the pooled results. No studies identified met all of the pre‐defined quality criteria, and subgroup analysis was inhibited due to insufficient comparable studies. We conclude that increasing body weight increases the risk of disability in a graded manner, but also emphasize the need for additional studies using contemporary longitudinal cohorts with large numbers of obese class III individuals, a range of ages and with measured height and weight, and incident ADL questions.
The melanoma ‘epidemic’: lessons from prostate cancer
Authors: Glusac Earl J. 
Published: December 2011

The rise in malignant melanoma incidence has been termed “epidemic”. Closer scrutiny of epidemiologic data suggests overdiagnosis as the true cause of the dramatic rise in melanoma incidence. In epidemiologic terms, “overdiagnosis” describes lesions that are histologically malignant but biologically benign. Overdiagnosis is not unique to melanoma screening but is prevalent in screening for cancers of other organs, including the thyroid and prostate glands.Glusac EJ. The melanoma ‘epidemic’: lessons from prostate cancer.
A Feature‐Preserving Hair Removal Algorithm for Dermoscopy Images
Authors: Abbas Qaisar , Garcia Irene Fondón , Emre Celebi M. , Ahmad Waqar 
Published: December 2011

Background/purposeAccurate segmentation and repair of hair‐occluded information from dermoscopy images are challenging tasks for computer‐aided detection (CAD) of melanoma. Currently, many hair‐restoration algorithms have been developed, but most of these fail to identify hairs accurately and their removal technique is slow and disturbs the lesion's pattern.MethodsIn this article, a novel hair‐restoration algorithm is presented, which has a capability to preserve the skin lesion features such as color and texture and able to segment both dark and light hairs. Our algorithm is based on three major steps: the rough hairs are segmented using a matched filtering with first derivative of gaussian (MF‐FDOG) with thresholding that generate strong responses for both dark and light hairs, refinement of hairs by morphological edge‐based techniques, which are repaired through a fast marching inpainting method. Diagnostic accuracy (DA) and texture‐quality measure (TQM) metrics are utilized based on dermatologist‐drawn manual hair masks that were used as a ground truth to evaluate the performance of the system.ResultsThe hair‐restoration algorithm is tested on 100 dermoscopy images. The comparisons have been done among (i) linear interpolation, inpainting by (ii) non‐linear partial differential equation (PDE), and (iii) exemplar‐based repairing techniques. Among different hair detection and removal techniques, our proposed algorithm obtained the highest value of DA: 93.3% and TQM: 90%.ConclusionThe experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is highly accurate, robust and able to restore hair pixels without damaging the lesion texture. This method is fully automatic and can be easily integrated into a CAD system.
Relationship between aquaporin‐5 expression and saliva flow in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice?
Authors: Soyfoo MS , Bolaky N , Depoortere I , Delporte C 
Published: December 2011

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 501–505Objective:  To investigate the expression and distribution of AQP5 in submandibular acinar cells from sham‐ and streptozotocin (STZ)‐treated mice in relation to the salivary flow.Methods:  Mice were sham or STZ injected. Distribution of AQP5 subcellular expression in submandibular glands was determined by immunohistochemistry. AQP5 labelling indices (LI), reflecting AQP5 subcellular distribution, were determined in acinar cells. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of AQP5 in submandibular glands. Blood glycaemia and osmolality and saliva flow rates were also determined.Results:  AQP5 immunoreactivity was primarily located at the apical and apical‐basolateral membranes of submandibular gland acinar cells from sham‐ and STZ‐treated mice. No significant differences in AQP5 protein levels were observed between sham‐ and STZ‐treated mice. Compared to sham‐treated mice, STZ‐treated mice had significant increased glycaemia, while no significant differences in blood osmolality were observed. Saliva flow rate was significantly decreased in STZ‐treated mice as compared to sham‐treated mice.Conclusions:  In STZ‐treated mice, significant reduction in salivary flow rate was observed without any concomitant modification in AQP5 expression and localization.
Lansoprazole as a rescue agent in chemoresistant tumors: a phase I/II study in companion animals with spontaneously occurring tumors
Authors: Spugnini Enrico P , Baldi Alfonso , Buglioni Sabrina , Carocci Francesca , Milesi de Bazzichini Giulia , Betti Gianluca , Pantaleo Ilaria , Menicagli Francesco , Citro Gennaro , Fais Stefano 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
The treatment of human cancer has been seriously hampered for decades by resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Mechanisms underlying this resistance are far from being entirely known. A very efficient mechanism of tumor resistance to drugs is related to the modification of tumour microenvironment through changes in the extracellular and intracellular pH. The acidification of tumor microenvironment depends on proton pumps that actively pump protons outside the cells, mostly to avoid intracellular acidification. In fact, we have shown in pre-clinical settings as pre-treatment with proton-pumps inhibitors (PPI) increase tumor cell and tumor responsiveness to chemotherapeutics. In this study pet with spontaneously occurring cancer proven refractory to conventional chemotherapy have been recruited in a compassionate study.

Methods
Thirty-four companion animals (27 dogs and 7 cats) were treated adding to their chemotherapy protocols the pump inhibitor lansoprazole at high dose, as suggested by pre-clinical experiments. Their responses have been compared to those of seventeen pets (10 dogs and 7 cats) whose owners did not pursue any other therapy than continuing the currently ongoing chemotherapy protocols.

Results
The drug was overall well tolerated, with only four dogs experiencing side effects due to gastric hypochlorhydria consisting with vomiting and or diarrhea. In terms of overall response twenty-three pets out of 34 had partial or complete responses (67.6%) the remaining patients experienced no response or progressive disease however most owners reported improved quality of life in most of the non responders. On the other hand, only three animals in the control group (17%) experienced short lived partial responses (1-3 months duration) while all the others died of progressive disease within two months.

Conclusions
high dose proton pump inhibitors have been shown to induce reversal of tumor chemoresistance as well as improvement of the quality of life in pets with down staged cancer and in the majority of the treated animals PPI were well tolerated. Further studies are warranted to assess the efficacy of this strategy in patients with advanced cancers in companion animals as well as in humans.
Epigenetic (de)regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: implications for depression
Authors: Mateus-Pinheiro António , Pinto Luísa , Sousa Nuno 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Adult neurogenesis represents a dynamic level of modulation upon the neuroplastic properties of the mature nervous system, that is essential to the homeostatic brain function. The adult neurogenic process comprises several sequential steps, all of which subjected to an assortment of cell-intrinsic and neurogenic-niche complex regulatory mechanisms. Among these, epigenetic regulation is now emerging as a crucial regulator of several neurogenesis steps. In particular, the active regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis and its repercussions in global hippocampal function are of special interest for the biomedical field, since imbalances at this level have been strongly related to the precipitation of several neuropsychyatric disorders, such as depression. Indeed, growing evidence supports that the detrimental effects on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, that have been associated with depression, might be epigenetically-mediated. Therefore, understanding the epigenetic regulation of the neurogenic process may provide a link between neurogenesis imbalances and the deterioration of the behavioural and cognitive domains frequently affected in depression, thus contributing to unravel the complex pathophysiology of this disorder.
Here, we outline some of the major epigenetic mechanisms contributing to the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis and discuss several lines of evidence supporting their involvement on the development of imbalances in the neurogenic process, often correlated to behavioural and cognitive deficits commonly observed in major depressive disorder.
Discussion of The Effect of the Formula Apportionment System on State-Level Economic Development and Multijurisdictional Tax Planning
Authors: Klassen Kenneth J. 
Published: December 2011

Lightner (1999) explores the relation between cross-sectional differences in state income apportionment formulae and corporate income tax rates, and the changes in state-level manufacturing employment. The research uses the common methodology of computing a statutory income tax rate applicable to each of the three apportionment factors. The percentage change in employment is regressed on each of these factor income tax rates separately. Additional tests determine if the statutory rate, overweighting the sales factor, and employing the throwback rule are also correlated with relative changes in employment.
I analyze this research in three components. First, an overview of the multijurisdictional tax research is provided to set this paper into this growing literature. Next, an evaluation of the contributions of Lightner (1999) is presented. Finally, some suggestions for improvement are given. The conclusion includes a suggestion for future research in this area.
Evaluation of factors associated with the risk of infection with Cryptosporidium parvum in dairy calves
Authors: Szonyi Barbara , Chang Yung-Fu , Wade Susan E. , Mohammed Hussni O. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Objective—To identify risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection in dairy calves.
Animals—108 case animals and 283 control animals.
Procedures—Case animals were calves infected with C parvum, and controls were infected with Cryptosporidium bovis (n = 67) or calves not infected with Cryptosporidium spp. Fecal samples were tested via the flotation concentration method for Cryptosporidium spp. Samples were genotyped by sequencing of the 18s rRNA gene. Associations between host, management, geographic, and meteorologic factors and Cryptosporidium genotype were assessed.
Results—Younger calves and calves housed in a cow barn were more likely to be infected with both genotypes. Herd size and hay bedding were associated with an increased risk of infection with C parvum, and Jersey breed was a risk factor for C bovis infection. Compared with a flat surface, a steeper slope was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of infection with both genotypes, and precipitation influenced the risk of C parvum infection only.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Risk factors for calf infection with C parvum differed from those for infection with C bovis. Results may be useful to help design measures that reduce animal exposure and decrease public health risk and economic losses associated with C parvum infection in cattle.
Indoor Exposure to Mould Allergens
Authors: Prester Ljerka 
Published: December 2011

Indoor Exposure to Mould AllergensHumid indoor environments may be colonised by allergenic filamentous microfungi (moulds),Aspergillusspp.,Penicilliumspp.,Cladosporiumspp., andAlternariaspp. in particular. Mould-induced respiratory diseases are a worldwide problem. In the last two decades, mould allergens and glucans have been used as markers of indoor exposure to moulds. Recently, mould allergens Alt a 1 (Alternaria alternata) and Asp f 1 (Aspergillus fumigatus) have been analysed in various environments (residential and occupational) with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, which use monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. Household Alt a 1 and Asp f 1 levels were usually under the limit of the method detection. By contrast, higher levels of mould allergens were found in environments with high levels of bioaerosols such as poultry farms and sawmills. Data on allergen Alt a 1 and Asp f 1 levels in agricultural settings may provide information on possible colonisation of respective moulds and point out to mould-related diseases in occupants.
Liquid antisolvent precipitation process for solubility modulation of bicalutamide
Authors: Meer Tarique , Sawant Kiran , Amin Purnima 
Published: December 2011

Liquid antisolvent precipitation process for solubility modulation of bicalutamide
Liquid antisolvent process was explored as a solubility modulating tool. Bicalutamide, a poorly water soluble drug, was used as a candidate. Low aqueous solubility and poor dissolution of bicalutamide results into poor and variable bioavailability. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to modify the solubility of bicalutamide using the liquid antisolvent precipitation process. HPMC E5 and Poloxamer 407 were shortlisted as a hydrophilic polymer and surfactant, respectively, for the process. Process optimization was done with respect to the hydrophilic polymer, surfactant and drug loading concentration. The resultant microcrystals were characterized with various instrumental techniques for material characterization such as IR, DSC, SEM, XRD, particle size, specific surface area and dissolution kinetics.