bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilevel models for binary data
Authors: Powers Daniel A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis chapter discusses multilevel models for binary outcomes. Models for categorical data analysis and their multilevel extensions have been used extensively in biostatistics, psychometrics, sociology, and economics but are used somewhat less in other branches of the behavioral and social sciences. After a brief overview of models for binary data and a discussion of multilevel models, two example analyses on institutional data are presented.
Molecular analysis of hepatitis B virus associated with vaccine failure in infants and mothers: A case–control study in Thailand
Authors: Sa‐nguanmoo Pattaratida , Tangkijvanich Pisit , Tharmaphornpilas Piyanit , Rasdjarmrearnsook Aim‐orn , Plianpanich Saowanee , Thawornsuk Nutchanart , Theamboonlers Apiradee , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPerinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been controlled incompletely despite adequate immunoprophylaxis in infants. The aim of this study was to characterize virological factors of HBV associated with vaccine failure in Thailand. Sera of 14 infected infants (13 HBeAg‐positive and one HBeAg‐negative) with vaccine failure and their respective mothers (group M1) were tested quantitatively for HBV DNA by real‐time PCR, HBV genotypes and mutations were characterized by direct sequencing. Sera collected from 15 HBeAg‐positive (group M2) and 15 HBeAg‐negative (group M3) mothers whose infants had been vaccinated successfully served as controls. The results showed that group M1 and group M2 mothers had equal titers of HBV DNA but higher titers than group M3. All infected infants and their respective mothers had the same HBeAg status and HBV genotypes. DNA analysis in a pair of HBeAg‐negative infant and mother revealed that both were infected with an HBV precore mutant (G1896A). Escape mutants in the “a” determinant region (residues 144 and 145) were detected in two (14%) infected infants. The prevalence of BCP mutations/deletions in groups M2 and M3 was higher significantly than in group M1 (P = 0.022 and P < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, instead of the HBeAg status, a high titer of HBV DNA in mothers was the major contributor to perinatal transmission of HBV. Escape mutants might be associated with vaccine failure in some infants. BCP mutations/deletions in mothers might contribute to the prevention of mother‐to‐infant transmission of HBV. J. Med. Virol. 84: 1177–1185, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early anemia and rapid virological response improve the predictive efficiency of IL28B‐genotype for treatment outcome to antiviral combination therapy in patients infected with chronic HCV genotype 1
Authors: Amanzada Ahmad , Schneider Simon , Moriconi Federico , Lindhorst Alexander , Suermann Thomas , van Thiel David H. , Mihm Sabine , Ramadori Giuliano 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIL28B genotypes and virological response within 4 weeks are predictors of sustained virological response in patients infected with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 treated with antiviral dual combination therapy. The predictive value of “early” anemia (within 4 weeks) alone or in combination with the two other predictors has not been studied yet. A total of 305 pegylated interferon‐α and ribavirin‐treated patients with HCV genotype 1 were included in this study. Hemoglobin values at week 0, 4, 8, and 12 as well as the predictive efficiency of early anemia (hemoglobin value below the gender‐specific lower limit: female < 11.5; male < 13.5 g/dl) during therapy were assessed with IL28B genotypes and rapid virological response. Forty‐eight percent of treated patients developed early anemia. In both females and males (64%), a decrease of hemoglobin concentration of 3 g/dl (female: 14.7 ± 1.1 to 11.4 ± 1.3; male: 15.2 ± 1.2 to 12.2 ± 1.5) significantly correlated with sustained virological response. 64% of IL28B‐CC patients showed a sustained virological response. Seventy‐eight percent of patients with rapid virological response definitively eliminated the virus. Early anemia (81:48:41%) and rapid virological response (83:91:92%) increased the predictive efficiency of IL28B rs12979860 genotype distribution (CC:CT:TT). IL28B‐CC and early anemia as well as IL28B‐CC and rapid virological response had an Odds ratio of 42.4 or 75 to achieve a sustained virological response compared to TT without early anemia or rapid virological response. This finding may help to early identify responders to standard PEG‐IFN‐α and ribavirin treatment even within those with unfavorable IL28B genotype. J. Med. Virol. 84: 1208–1216, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fully adiabatic 31P 2D‐CSI with reduced chemical shift displacement error at 7 T — GOIA‐1D‐ISIS/2D‐CSI
Authors: Chmelík M. , Just Kukurová I. , Gruber S. , Krššák M. , Valkovič L. , Trattnig S. , Bogner W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA fully adiabatic phosphorus (31P) two‐dimensional (2D) chemical shift spectroscopic imaging sequence with reduced chemical shift displacement error for 7 T, based on 1D‐image‐selected in vivo spectroscopy, combined with 2D‐chemical shift spectroscopic imaging selection, was developed. Slice‐selective excitation was achieved by a spatially selective broadband GOIA‐W(16,4) inversion pulse with an interleaved subtraction scheme before nonselective adiabatic excitation, and followed by 2D phase encoding. The use of GOIA‐W(16,4) pulses (bandwidth 4.3–21.6 kHz for 10–50 mm slices) reduced the chemical shift displacement error in the slice direction ∼1.5–7.7 fold, compared to conventional 2D‐chemical shift spectroscopic imaging with Sinc3 selective pulses (2.8 kHz). This reduction was experimentally demonstrated with measurements of an MR spectroscopy localization phantom and with experimental evaluation of pulse profiles. In vivo experiments in clinically acceptable measurement times were demonstrated in the calf muscle (nominal voxel volume, 5.65 ml in 6 min 53 s), brain (10 ml, 6 min 32 s), and liver (8.33 ml, 8 min 14 s) of healthy volunteers at 7 T. High reproducibility was found in the calf muscle at 7 T. In combination with adiabatic excitation, this sequence is insensitive to the B1 inhomogeneities associated with surface coils. This sequence, which is termed GOIA‐1D‐ISIS/2D‐CSI (goISICS), has the potential to be applied in both clinical research and in the clinical routine. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Method for in situ characterization of radiofrequency heating in parallel transmit MRI
Authors: Alon Leeor , Deniz Cem Murat , Brown Ryan , Sodickson Daniel K. , Zhu Yudong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn ultra‐high‐field magnetic resonance imaging, parallel radiofrequency (RF) transmission presents both opportunities and challenges for specific absorption rate management. On one hand, parallel transmission provides flexibility in tailoring electric fields in the body while facilitating magnetization profile control. On the other hand, it increases the complexity of energy deposition as well as possibly exacerbating local specific absorption rate by improper design or delivery of RF pulses. This study shows that the information needed to characterize RF heating in parallel transmission is contained within a local power correlation matrix. Building upon a calibration scheme involving a finite number of magnetic resonance thermometry measurements, this work establishes a way of estimating the local power correlation matrix. Determination of this matrix allows prediction of temperature change for an arbitrary parallel transmit RF pulse. In the case of a three transmit coil MR experiment in a phantom, determination and validation of the power correlation matrix were conducted in less than 200 min with induced temperature changes of <4°C. Further optimization and adaptation are possible, and simulations evaluating potential feasibility for in vivo use are presented. The method allows general characteristics indicative of RF coil/pulse safety determined in situ. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
UPLC–PDA–ESI–MS/MS Analysis of Compounds Extracted by Cardiac h9c2 Cell from Polygonum orientale
Authors: Liao Shang‐Gao , Li Yue‐Ting , Zhang Li‐Juan , Wang Zhen , Chen Teng‐Xiang , Huang Yong , Li Jing , Wang Ai‐Min , Li Yong‐Jun , Lan Yan‐Yu , Wang Yong‐Lin 
Published: June 2012

IntroductionA flavonoid‐enriched extract (FEE) of Polygonum orientale was reported to show cardioprotective effect but only very few compounds were reported to contribute to the effect. Identification of compounds interacting with the target cardiac cell is important for the understanding of active compounds.ObjectiveTo develop an efficient method for the screening of potential active compounds directly acting on the target cardiac cell in FEE and to structurally characterise these compounds.MethodologyFlavonoid‐enriched extract was prepared by extraction of the plant with water, addition of ethanol to the solution to remove polysaccharides and proteins, and removal of tannins by a polyamide column chromatography. Cell extraction was conducted on a cardiac h9c2 cell and the solution containing compounds released from the cell were desalted by solid phase extraction. Compounds present in the cell extract were detected by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and targeted multi‐reaction monitoring (MRM), while their structures were characterised by UPLC–photodiodide array (PDA)–electrospray ion source (ESI)–MS/MS investigations of the FEE.ResultsTwenty‐three potentially active phenolics including ten flavonoid C‐glycosides and six flavonoid O‐glycosides have been identified from the 40 compounds screened in the cell extract. Among these compounds, three were new and nine were identified from this plant for the first time. Strategies for the structural characterisation of flavonoid glycosides were also discussed.ConclusionThe study has shown that FEE contains the flavonoid as its major principles and the coupling of UPLC–PDA–ESI‐MS/MS and targeted UPLC–MRM with target cell extraction is an efficient method for the screening and structural characterisation of potential active compounds. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defining the spatial relationships between eight anatomic planes in the 11+6 to 13+6 weeks fetus: a pilot study
Authors: Abu‐Rustum Reem S. , Ziade M. Fouad , Abu‐Rustum Sameer E. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveOur study aims at investigating the spatial relationships between eight anatomic planes in the 11+6 to 13+6 weeks fetus.MethodsThis is a retrospective pilot study where three‐dimensional and four‐dimensional stored data sets were manipulated to retrieve eight anatomic planes starting from the midsagittal plane of the fetus. Standardization of volumes was performed at the level of the transverse abdominal circumference plane. Parallel shift was utilized and the spatial relationships between eight anatomic planes were established. The median and the range were calculated for each of the planes, and they were evaluated as a function of the fetal crown–rump length. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 63 volume data sets were analyzed. The eight anatomic planes were found to adhere to normal distribution curves, and most of the planes were in a definable relationship to each other with statistically significant correlations.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the possible spatial relationships between eight two‐dimensional anatomic planes in the 11+6 to 13+6 weeks fetus, utilizing a standardized approach. Defining these spatial relationships may serve as the first step for the potential future development of automation software for fetal anatomic assessment at 11+6 to 13+6 weeks. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw among users of bisphosphonates with selected cancers or osteoporosis
Authors: Tennis Patricia , Rothman Kenneth J. , Bohn Rhonda L. , Tan Hiangkiat , Zavras Athanasios , Laskarides Constantinos , Calingaert Brian , Anthony Mary S. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeTo quantify the incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) by bisphosphonate exposure among two cohorts of patients.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, we identified cohort members via health insurance claim diagnosis codes and identified potential cases of ONJ that were confirmed with medical record review. One cohort included patients aged ≥40 years with breast or prostate cancer or multiple myeloma; the other cohort included men aged ≥60 years and women ≥50 years with osteoporosis. For each cohort, we calculated sex‐ and age‐standardized incidence of ONJ by exposure to oral bisphosphonates and intravenous bisphosphonates.ResultsIn the cancer cohort (n = 46 542), sex‐ and age‐standardized incidence of ONJ (n = 26 probable or possible cases) adjusted for abstraction proportion was 0.29 per 1000 person‐years (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07–0.52) among those unexposed to bisphosphonates and 5.3 (95%CI, 1.9–8.7) after intravenous bisphosphonate use. Controlling for covariates, the rate ratio for intravenous use versus no use was 8.8 (95%CI, 2.0–38). Patients with multiple myeloma had a rate 4.5 times that of patients with breast cancer.In the osteoporosis cohort (n = 31 244), sex‐ and age‐standardized ONJ (n = 11 probable or possible cases) incidence was 0.26 per 1000 person‐years (95%CI, 0.06–0.47) among those unexposed to bisphosphonate and 0.15 (95%CI, 0.00–0.36) after oral bisphosphonate use.ConclusionAmong patients with selected cancers, incidence of ONJ was higher among those with multiple myeloma and users of intravenous bisphosphonates. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supportive care needs in Hong Kong Chinese women confronting advanced breast cancer
Authors: Au Angel , Lam Wendy , Tsang Janice , Yau Tsz‐kok , Soong Inda , Yeo Winnie , Suen Joyce , Ho Wing M. , Wong Ka‐yan , Kwong Ava , Suen Dacita , Sze Wing‐Kin , Ng Alice , Girgis Afaf , Fielding Richard 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundWomen with advanced breast cancer (ABC) are living longer, so understanding their needs becomes important. This cross‐sectional study investigated the type and extent of unmet supportive care needs in Hong Kong Chinese women with advanced breast cancer.MethodsFace‐to‐face interviews were conducted among women with stage III or stage IV disease mostly awaiting chemotherapy (76%) to identify unmet needs using the Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form, psychological morbidity using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, symptom distress using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, and satisfaction with care using the Patient satisfaction questionnaire (PSQ‐9).ResultsAbout 27–72% of 198/220 (90%) women (mean age = 53.4 ± 9.74 (standard deviation) years) identified needs from the health system, information, and patient support (HSIPS) domain as the top 15 most prevalent unmet needs. ‘having one member of hospital staff with whom you can talk to about all aspect of your condition, treatment, and follow‐up’ was most cited by 72% of the patients, with remaining unmet needs addressing mostly desire for information. Unmet need strength did not differ between women with stage III and stage IV disease, whereas women with first time diagnosis reported greater health system and information unmet needs compared with women with recurrent disease. Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that symptom distress was consistently positively associated with all but sexuality need domains, whereas low satisfaction with care was associated with HSIPS (β = 3.270, p < 0.001) and physical and daily living (β = 2.810, p < 0.01) domains.DiscussionsChinese women with ABC expressed need for continuity of care and improved information provision. High symptom distress was associated with lower levels of satisfaction with care. These unmet needs appear to reflect current care services shortcomings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high efficient node capture attack algorithm in wireless sensor network based on route minimum key set
Authors: Wu Guowei , Chen Xiaojie , Obaidat Mohammad S. ,   Fellow of IEEE, Lin Chi 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTWireless sensor networks are often deployed in hostile and unattended environment that are very prone to node capture attack. In node capture attack, information such as key, data on captured nodes, can all be extracted by the adversary. Node capture attack in wireless sensor networks suffers from low efficiency and high resource expenditure. To enhance the efficiency of node capture attack, we propose here a high efficiency node capture attack algorithm that is based on route minimum key set, namely greedy node captured based on route minimum key set (GNRMK). To obtain the route minimum key set, the sensor network is mapped as a flow network. The route minimum key set can be calculated by the maximum flow of the flow network. Then, an overlapping value is assigned to each node on the basis of route minimum key set. The node with maximum overlapping value will be captured in every round of attack. Simulation results indicate that, compared with other node capture attack schemes, GNRMK can compromise the network by capturing fewer nodes. Moreover, the fraction of traffic compromised is much higher. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Streaming analysis in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Moshtaghi Masud , Bezdek James C. , Havens Timothy C. , Leckie Christopher , Karunasekera Shanika , Rajasegarar Sutharshan , Palaniswami Marimuthu 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTTwo new incremental models for online anomaly detection in data streams at nodes inwireless sensor networksare discussed. These models are incremental versions of a model that uses ellipsoids to detect first, second, and higher‐ordered anomaliesin arrears. The incremental versions can also be used this way but have additional capabilities offered by processing data incrementally as they arrive in time. Specifically, they can detect anomalies ‘on‐the‐fly’ in near real time. They can also be used to track temporal changes in near real‐time because of sensor drift, cyclic variation, or seasonal changes. One of the new models has a mechanism that enables graceful degradation of inputs in the distant past (fading memory). Three real datasets from single sensors in deployed environmental monitoring networks are used to illustrate various facets of the new models. Examples compare the incremental version with the previous batch and dynamic models and show that the incremental versions can detect various types of dynamic anomalies in near real time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constrained supersymmetry after two years of LHC data: a global view with Fittino
Authors: Bechtle Philip , Bringmann Torsten , Desch Klaus , Dreiner Herbi , Hamer Matthias , Hensel Carsten , Krämer Michael , Nguyen Nelly , Porod Werner , Prudent Xavier , Sarrazin Björn , Uhlenbrock Mathias , Wienemann Peter 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

We perform global fits to the parameters of the Constrained Minimal Super-symmetric Standard Model (CMSSM) and to a variant with non-universal Higgs masses (NUHM1). In addition to constraints from low-energy precision observables and the cosmological dark matter density, we take into account the LHC exclusions from searches in jets plus missing transverse energy signatures with about 5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. We also include the most recent upper bound on the branching ratio B

s
→ μμ from LHCb. Furthermore, constraints from and implications for direct and indirect dark matter searches are discussed. The best fit of the CMSSM prefers a light Higgs boson just above the experimentally excluded mass. We find that the description of the low-energy observables, (g − 2)
μ
in particular, and the non-observation of SUSY at the LHC become more and more incompatible within the CMSSM. A potential SM-like Higgs boson with mass around 126 GeV can barely be accommodated. Values for
$ \mathcal{B}\left( {{B_{\text{s}}} \to \mu \mu } \right) $
just around the Standard Model prediction are naturally expected in the best fit region. The most-preferred region is not yet affected by limits on direct WIMP searches, but the next generation of experiments will probe this region. Finally, we discuss implications from fine-tuning for the best fit regions.
Experimental bounds on sterile neutrino mixing angles
Authors: Ruchayskiy Oleg , Ivashko Artem 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

We derive bounds on the mixing between the Standard Model (“active”) neutrinos and their right-chiral (“sterile”) counterparts in the see-saw models, by combining neutrino oscillation data and results of direct experimental searches. We demonstrate that the mixing of sterile neutrinos with any active flavour can be significantly suppressed for the values of the angle θ
13 measured recently by Daya Bay and RENO experiments. We reinterpret the results of searches for sterile neutrinos by the PS191 and CHARM experiments, considering not only charged current but also neutral current-mediated decays, as applicable in the case of see-saw models. The resulting lower bounds on sterile neutrino lifetime are up to an order of magnitude stronger than previously discussed in the literature. Combination of these results with the upper bound on the lifetime coming from primordial nucleosynthesis rule out the possibility that two sterile neutrinos with the masses between 10 MeV and the pion mass are solely responsible for neutrino flavour oscillations. We discuss the implications of our results for the Neutrino Minimal Standard Model (the νMSM).
Participation of armed groups in the development of the law applicable to armed conflicts
Authors: Rondeau Sophie 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe topic of participation of armed groups in the development of legal instruments binding them is particularly important and needs to be addressed urgently. Many scholars and organizations have advocated recently for the participation of armed groups in the development of legal instruments binding them, with a view to ensuring their adhesion to the law. However, practical and legal considerations seem to make this participation extremely difficult in practice. Creative solutions have to be found. After reviewing five main reasons why armed groups should be involved in the advancement of the law governing armed conflicts, this article offers a brief overview of selected means by which armed groups should be engaged in the creation of future norms, as well as in the interpretation and contextualization of existing norms.
Cross‐talk between FGF and other cytokine signalling pathways during endochondral bone development
Authors: Jin Min , Du Xiaolan , Chen Lin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFGF (fibroblast growth factor)/FGFR (FGF receptor) signalling plays an essential role in both endochondral and intramembranous bone development. FGF signalling pathways are important for the earliest stages of limb development and throughout skeletal development. The activity and the outcome of this signalling pathway during bone development are also influenced by many other intracellular and extracellular signals. In this review, we focus on the interplay between FGF signalling and other pathways, which is tightly regulated both spatially and temporally during endochondral skeletal development.