bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A specialist root herbivore exploits defensive metabolites to locate nutritious tissues
Authors: Robert Christelle A. M. , Veyrat Nathalie , Glauser Gaétan , Marti Guillaume , Doyen Gwladys R. , Villard Neil , Gaillard Mickaël D. P. , Köllner Tobias G. , Giron David , Body Mélanie , Babst Benjamin A. , Ferrieri Richard A. , Turlings Ted C. J. , Erb Matthias 
Published: November 2011

Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 55–64AbstractThe most valuable organs of plants are often particularly rich in essential elements, but also very well defended. This creates a dilemma for herbivores that need to maximise energy intake while minimising intoxication. We investigated how the specialist root herbivore Diabrotica virgifera solves this conundrum when feeding on wild and cultivated maize plants. We found that crown roots of maize seedlings were vital for plant development and, in accordance, were rich in nutritious primary metabolites and contained higher amounts of the insecticidal 2,4‐dihydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one (DIMBOA) and the phenolic compound chlorogenic acid. The generalist herbivores Diabrotica balteata and Spodoptera littoralis were deterred from feeding on crown roots, whereas the specialist D. virgifera preferred and grew best on these tissues. Using a 1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one‐deficient maize mutant, we found that D. virgifera is resistant to DIMBOA and other 1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐ones and that it even hijacks these compounds to optimally forage for nutritious roots.
Welcome to the neighbourhood: interspecific genotype by genotype interactions in Solidago influence above‐ and belowground biomass and associated communities
Authors: Genung Mark A. , Bailey Joseph K. , Schweitzer Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2011

Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 65–73AbstractIntra‐ and interspecific plant–plant interactions are fundamental to patterns of community assembly and to the mixture effects observed in biodiversity studies. Although much research has been conducted at the species level, very little is understood about how genetic variation within and among interacting species may drive these processes. Using clones of both Solidago altissima and Solidago gigantea, we found that genotypic variation in a plant’s neighbours affected both above‐ and belowground plant traits, and that genotype by genotype interactions between neighbouring plants impacted associated pollinator communities. The traits for which focal plant genotypic variation explained the most variation varied by plant species, whereas neighbour genotypic variation explained the most variation in coarse root biomass. Our results provide new insight into genotypic and species diversity effects in plant–neighbour interactions, the extended consequences of diversity effects, and the potential for evolution in response to competitive or to facilitative plant–neighbour interactions.
Randomized pilot study of cabergoline, a dopamine receptor agonist: effects on body weight and glucose tolerance in obese adults
Authors: Gibson C. D. , Karmally W. , McMahon D. J. , Wardlaw S. L. , Korner J. 
Published: November 2011

Aim: Dopaminergic hypofunction and hyperprolactinaemia have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and glucose intolerance. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the efficacy of cabergoline, a dopamine receptor agonist, on body weight and glucose tolerance in obese non‐diabetic persons with normal plasma prolactin levels.Methods: This 16‐week double blind, placebo‐controlled pilot study randomized non‐diabetic obese adults (body mass index 30–42 kg/m2) to placebo or cabergoline (0.25 mg twice weekly for 4 weeks followed by 0.5 mg twice weekly for the next 12 weeks). Of 40 subjects enrolled, 29 completed 16 weeks: 16 randomized to placebo and 13 to cabergoline. All subjects were counselled on a 500 kcal/day calorie deficit diet. A 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at baseline and at 16 weeks.Results: As expected, prolactin levels decreased after cabergoline (p < 0.001). Weight loss was similar after placebo compared with cabergoline treatment: 1.0 vs. 1.2% body weight, respectively. Fasting glucose levels did not differ between groups after treatment, however, 90‐min postprandial glucose and insulin decreased in the cabergoline group only (p = 0.029). HOMA‐IR (homeostasis model of assessment) increased by 40% after placebo and 1.5% after cabergoline treatment.Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that cabergoline therapy may improve glucose tolerance independent of weight loss, however, a larger, longer term study of dopamine receptor agonist therapy in obese individuals is warranted to confirm this finding.
Comparison of salt stress resistance genes in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana indicates that extent of transcriptomic change may not predict secondary phenotypic or fitness effects
Authors: Chan Zhulong , Bigelow Patrick J. , Loescher Wayne , Grumet Rebecca 
Published: November 2011

SummaryEngineered abiotic stress resistance is an important target for increasing agricultural productivity. There are concerns, however, regarding possible ecological impacts of transgenic crops. In contrast to the first wave of transgenic crops, many abiotic stress resistance genes can initiate complex downstream changes. Transcriptome profiling has been suggested as a comprehensive non‐targeted approach to examine the secondary effects. We compared phenotypic and transcriptomic effects of constitutive expression of genes intended to confer salt stress tolerance by three different mechanisms: a transcription factor, CBF3/DREB1a; a metabolic gene, M6PR, for mannitol biosynthesis; and the Na+/H+ antiporter, SOS1. Transgenic CBF3, M6PR and SOS1 Arabidopsis thaliana were grown together in the growth chamber, greenhouse and field. In the absence of salt, M6PR and SOS1 lines performed comparably with wild type; CBF3 lines exhibited dwarfing as reported previously. All three transgenes conferred fitness advantage when subjected to 100 mm NaCl in the growth chamber. CBF3 and M6PR affected transcription of numerous abiotic stress‐related genes as measured by Affymetrix microarray analysis. M6PR additionally modified expression of biotic stress and oxidative stress genes. Transcriptional effects of SOS1 in the absence of salt were smaller and primarily limited to redox‐related genes. The extent of transcriptome change, however, did not correlate with the effects on growth and reproduction. Thus, the magnitude of global transcriptome differences may not predict phenotypic differences upon which environment and selection act to influence fitness. These observations have implications for interpretation of transcriptome analyses in the context of risk assessment and emphasize the importance of evaluation within a phenotypic context.
Care as a matter of courage: vulnerability, suffering and ethical formation in nursing care
Authors: Thorup Charlotte B. , Rundqvist Ewa , Roberts Christel , Delmar Charlotte 
Published: November 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; 26; 427–435Care as a matter of courage: vulnerability, suffering and ethical formation in nursing careThe aim of the study was to explore nurses’ experience of how their own vulnerability and suffering influence their ethical formation and their capacity to provide professional care when they are confronted with the patient’s vulnerability and suffering. Care is shaped in the meeting between human beings. Professional care is informed by the patient’s appeal for help as it is expressed in the meeting. Ethical formation is understood as a personal ethical and existential process, resulting in the capacity to provide professional care. A nurse must have the sense of being a complete human being with own personal attributes and sensitivity in order to be able to relate to other people. The study is based on qualitative interviews with 23 experienced nurses from Sweden, Finland and Denmark. The analyses and interpretation were carried out in line with Steinar Kvale’s three levels of interpretation. The study clarifies that ethical formation is a union of the nurse’s personal attributes and professional qualifications and that ethical formation is developed over time. Moreover, it also demonstrates that the nurse’s personal and professional life experiences of vulnerability and suffering influence ethical formation. Vulnerability and suffering have proven to be sensitive issues for nurses, like a sore point that either serve as an eye‐opener or cause the development of blind spots. Furthermore, vulnerability, suffering and the sore points are seen to shape the nurse’s courage in relation to care. Courage appears to be a significant unifying phenomenon that manifests itself as the courage to help patients face their own vulnerability and suffering, to bear witness to patients’ vulnerability and suffering and to have faith in oneself in arguing for and providing professional care. Courage thus seems to play a significant role in nurses’ ability to engage in care. Nurses’ own vulnerability, suffering and sore points seem to shape their courage.
Cellular therapies supplement: the peritoneum as an ectopic site of hematopoiesis following in utero transplantation
Authors: Muench Marcus O. , Chen Jeng‐Chang , Beyer Ashley I. , Fomin Marina E. 
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND: In utero transplantation (IUT) has the potential to treat birth defects early before full development of the immune system. Relatively small grafts, which are not matched for major histocompatibility antigens, can be delivered even before onset of disease symptoms. IUT of hematopoietic stem cells is usually performed via intraperitoneal injection, yet the fate of donor cells in the peritoneal cavity is not fully understood. We review our recent work and present new data demonstrating that the peritoneum can be a site of ectopic hematopoiesis with implications for IUT and immune tolerance induction.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Haplogeneic and allogeneic fetal transplants were performed in mice and engraftment tracked by flow cytometry. Immune tolerance was studied by mixed lymphocyte reactions and skin transplantation. Adult syngeneic murine transplants and xenogeneic human into immunodeficient mouse transplants were performed to follow hematopoietic retention in the peritoneum and engraftment of the marrow.RESULTS: Although most transplanted cells rapidly clear the peritoneum, hematopoietic cells and cells with the phenotype of hematopoietic precursors can remain in the peritoneal cavity for months after transplant. The presence of donor cells in the peritoneum can contribute to donor‐specific tolerance, but sufficient peripheral blood chimerism is required to ensure acceptance of donor skin grafts.CONCLUSION: Ectopic hematopoiesis and the survival of stem cells in the peritoneum offer the possibility of better using the peritoneal cavity to delivery stem cells and foster the development of immune tolerance to alloantigens or other foreign antigens.
Women's Prenatal Concerns Regarding Breastfeeding: Are They Being Addressed?
Authors: Archabald Karen , Lundsberg Lisbet , Triche Elizabeth , Norwitz Errol , Illuzzi Jessica 
Published: November 2011

Introduction: This study sought to identify women's concerns regarding breastfeeding during the prenatal period and determine whether women thought that health care providers addressed these concerns. Methods: A structured interview with both open‐ended and closed‐ended questions addressing the study objectives was administered to a cross‐sectional sample of 130 English‐speaking or Spanish‐speaking postpartum women at Yale‐New Haven Hospital. Results: When asked an open‐ended question regarding whether they had concerns about breastfeeding while making their decisions about feeding their infants, 81.5% of women identified at least 1 concern. Of these women, only 25.4% reported that this concern was addressed by the provider during prenatal care. When prompted with 8 common concerns regarding breastfeeding during the prenatal period, 95.4% of women identified at least 1 of these preidentified concerns. Only 17.4% of women who identified any of these 8 concerns reported that the concerns had been discussed with a provider. Discussion: Women's recall of prenatal health care discussions strongly suggests that providers are not adequately addressing women's concerns about breastfeeding.
From a Woman's Perspective: Life as a Partner of a Prostate Cancer Survivor
Authors: Tanner Tanya , Galbraith Michael , Hays Laura 
Published: November 2011

Introduction: The purpose of this analysis was to provide a better understanding of the experiences of partners of prostate cancer survivors. Concerns and needs of women who are partners of prostate cancer survivors are often not acknowledged or addressed in clinical practice. By increasing their awareness of the impact of this situation on women, primary health care providers can offer more holistic, individualized, woman‐centered care. Methods: Qualitative descriptive analyses were conducted on narrative data generated from 2 open‐ended questions embedded within 2 longitudinal survey studies that spanned 8 years. Questions were focused on the quality of life and relationships for prostate cancer survivors and their partners. Results: Results reflect the comprehensive impact of prostate cancer on the lives of the partners of the survivors. Three overarching themes were identified: 1) coping with life in the face of cancer, 2) encountering difficult emotions related to a partner's illness, and 3) learning to live with relationship changes. Discussion: Women's responses highlight the significant impact of the experience on their lives and illuminate to primary care providers the importance of assessing, recognizing, and appropriately addressing their specific concerns.
CenteringPregnancy: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Manant Annette , Dodgson Joan E. 
Published: November 2011

Introduction: A critical analysis of the CenteringPregnancy model of care research has not been conducted across studies. The aims of this project were to describe 1) the conceptual components of the CenteringPregnancy practice model, 2) the characteristics of the CenteringPregnancy literature, and 3) the research methods and outcomes across the CenteringPregnancy research literature. Methods: An integrative literature review methodology was used to assess the CenteringPregnancy literature published between 1994 and 2009. Results: The sample consisted of 26 articles (14 narrative descriptions, 10 quantitative studies, 1 mixed methods study, and 1 qualitative study) published predominantly in nursing and midwifery journals. The majority of quantitative studies were exploratory or quasi‐experimental and longitudinal designs with the exception of 1 large, federally funded, randomized, controlled trial. Variables were individual and community level outcomes, which were not uniformly operationally defined or measured consistently across studies. Significant results for prenatal care attendance rates, adequate prenatal care, and breastfeeding rates were reported in a number of studies. Other results were often mixed or nonsignificant. Discussion: Positive outcomes for the CenteringPregnancy model have been suggested by research findings to date but require more systematic approaches to developing knowledge about the factors inherent in this model that promote participant behavior changes, which lead to better perinatal outcomes as well as circumstances that maximize the effectiveness of this model. Areas for improving the strength of the evidence are discussed. Building consistently demonstrated relationships across studies is essential for creating the evidence base on which practice decisions can be made. Further research is required for developing clarity and understanding about this model's effectiveness.
International Clinical Experience for Midwifery Students
Authors: Latta Summer , Faucher Mary Ann , Brown Sarah , Bradshaw Martha 
Published: November 2011

Introduction: The purpose of this survey was to obtain information that would elucidate what types and amounts of international clinical experiences are available to midwifery students in accredited midwifery programs. Furthermore, the survey assessed the need for and interest in an online pre‐trip preparation course and the possibility of future collaborative efforts between midwifery programs. Methods: A formal electronic descriptive survey was sent to eligible directors of midwifery education (DOME) from 38 accredited institutions in the United States. Results: Twenty‐nine of 38 (76%) responded to the survey, and 9 of 29 programs (31%) offer international clinical experiences. Sixteen (80%) of the 20 programs not currently offering international experiences indicated interest in offering these experiences. Of the 9 programs that have international experiences, only 1 reported offering a formal pre‐trip course. Discussion: The results of this survey suggest that there is interest in collaborative efforts for developing a formal pre‐trip preparation course and sharing international experiences that would promote sustainable programs of international experiences for student midwives.
An analysis of bundle pricing in horizontal and vertical markets: The case of the U.S. cottonseed market
Authors: Shi Guanming , Stiegert Kyle W. , Chavas Jean P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe U.S. cottonseed market has seen the rapid development and adoption of seeds with differing bundles of genetically modified (GM) traits. It has also seen an increase in vertical integration by biotechnology firms. In this article, we investigate the price impacts associated with structural changes in the U.S. cottonseed market from 2002 to 2007. We develop a structural model to examine the substitution/complementarity relationships among cottonseeds sold with different genetic trait bundles and under different vertical arrangements. We examine the price impacts emanating from product differentiation, market concentration, and market size. The econometric investigation finds evidence of subadditive bundle pricing in patented biotech traits. While higher own‐market concentrations are found to be associated with higher prices, we also uncover evidence of cross‐product complementarity effects that lead to lower prices. Simulations are used to evaluate net price effects, illustrating the usefulness of the approach in the analysis of changing market structures.
Does acquisition of a cooperative generate profits for the buyer? The Dairyworld case
Authors: Lamprinakis Lampros , Fulton Murray 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article examines the takeover of a cooperative (Dairyworld) by an investor‐owned firm (Saputo) that was not previously present in the industry, determines if this takeover generates greater returns for the investor‐owned firms (IOF), and on the basis of this evidence makes some inferences about the behavior and performance of cooperatives and IOFs. The empirical evidence strongly supports the conclusion that Saputo's stock price rose with its takeover announcement. This outcome is consistent with a number of explanations, including that Saputo was unaffected by hubris, a factor often suggested as the reason that many firms overbid when they undertake acquisitions. Dairyworld's poor liquidity and capital shortage problems, as well as a limited number of suitors, may have weakened its bargaining position in its dealings with Saputo. The observed increase in Saputo's stock price is also consistent with the possibility that, by taking over a cooperative, Saputo was able to decrease competition and thus increase its profits. A fruitful area for future research would be a rigorous theoretical and empirical determination of the impact that these various factors have on acquisition profitability. Such analysis is required before inferences about the behavior and performance of cooperatives and IOFs can be fully answered.
Serum bone formation marker correlation with improved osseointegration in osteoporotic rats treated with simvastatin
Authors: Du Zhibin , Chen Jiang , Yan Fuhua , Doan Nghiem , Ivanovski Saso , Xiao Yin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveSimvastatin has been shown to enhance osseointegration of pure titanium implants in osteoporotic rats. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the serum level of bone formation markers and the osseointegration of pure titanium implants in osteoporotic rats treated with simvastatin.Materials and methodsFifty‐four female Sprague‐Dawley rats, aged 3 months, were randomly divided into three groups: Sham‐operated group (SHAM; n = 18), ovariectomized group (OVX; n = 18), and ovariectomized with simvastatin treatment group (OVX + SIM; n = 18). Fifty‐six days after ovariectomy, screw‐shaped titanium implants were inserted into the tibiae. Simvastatin was administered orally at 5 mg/kg each day after the placement of the implant in the OVX + SIM group. The animals were killed at either 28 or 84 days after implantation and the undecalcified tissue sections were processed for histological analysis. Total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and bone Gla protein (BGP) were measured in all animal sera collected at the time of euthanasia and correlated with the histological assessment of osseointegration.ResultsThe level of ALP in the OVX group was higher than the SHAM group at day 28, with no differences between the three groups at day 84. The level of BALP in the OVX + SIM group was significantly higher than both OVX and SHAM groups at days 28. Compared with day 28, the BALP level of all three groups showed a significant decrease at day 84. There were no significant differences in BGP levels between the three groups at day 28, but at day 84, the OVX + SIM group showed significantly higher levels than both the OVX and SHAM groups. There was a significant increase in BGP levels between days 28 and 84 in the OVX + SIM group. The serum bone marker levels correlated with the histological assessment showing reduced osseointegration in the OVX compared to the SHAM group which is subsequently reversed in the OVX + SIM group.ConclusionThe results from this study indicate that the serum level of bone formation markers, especially BALP and BGP, could be correlated with the degree of osseointegration around titanium implants in osteoporotic rats treated with simvastatin.
Reactions of non‐immunologic contact urticaria on scalp, face, and back
Authors: Zhai Hongbo , Zheng Yue , Fautz Rolf , Fuchs Anne , Maibach Howard I. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundThis study compared the reactivity of scalp, face, and back to nonimmunologic contact urticants (NICU) to ascertain relative responsiveness.MethodsModel urticants, benzoic acid (BA) and hexyl nicotinate (HN) with 3 concentrations of each were applied to marked skin of 10 bald males during 6 weeks. One urticant was applied to one side of nasolabial fold, back, and scalp and the other applied to the contralateral side. Reactivity was assessed by visual scores (VS) and biophysical instruments. Subjects ranked skin sensation with a 10‐point visual analogue scale.ResultsWith 0.25% HN application, upper back VS significantly (p<0.05) exceeded scalp and back VS also showed significantly (p<0.05) stronger reaction than face at 60 min post‐application; however, at 2.5% BA site, VS of face exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher than back at 15 min post‐application but with 0.625% BA site, VS of back was significantly (p<0.05) higher than face. The a* value was significantly (p<0.05) higher on back than scalp with 0.625% BA treatment.ConclusionThus symptoms and measurements vary among sites. Differences may be related to solubility related percutaneous penetration. We encourage investigation into this relatively neglected but clinically important arena, to help explain difference in consumer/patient acceptance of topical formulations.