bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of different methods of diagnosis of cystic ovarian disease in cattle and an assessment of its treatment with a progesterone‐releasing intravaginaI device
Authors: Douthwaite R. , Dobson H. 
Published: October 2010

The aims of this study were to assess the accuracy of different common methods of differentiating between follicular and luteal ovarian cysts, and to monitor the response of the cysts to 12 days treatment with a progesterone‐releasing intravaginal device (PRID). On the basis of agreement between the different methods, 25 of the 46 cases examined were diagnosed as follicular and 14 as luteal cysts; for the other seven cases the methods disagreed. The use of ultrasound was more accurate in diagnosing follicular cysts than luteal cysts, and combined with plasma progesterone concentrations gave the most accurate assessment of cyst type (92 per cent for follicular cysts and 82 per cent for luteal cysts). The mean (se) plasm; progesterone concentration was lower in the cows with follicular cysts than in those with luteal cysts (0.29 [0.05] v 3.90 [0.63] ng/ml; P<0.05). Luteal cysts had thicker walls (5.3 [0.04] v 2.5 [0.2] mm; P<0.0001), and the wall thickness of all the cysts was positively correlated with plasma progesterone concentration (r=0.52, P<0.0004). Cows with luteal cysts had more additional follicles greater than 5 mm in diameter (P<0.01). In cows with follicular cysts and other follicles greater than 5 mm in diameter, the mean oestradiol concentration was 7.9 (1.8) pg/mI compared with 24.2 (3.1) pg/ml (P=0.002) in cows without other follicles greater than 5 mm in diameter on either ovary. At the time of PRID removal, plasma progesterone concentration had increased in the cows with follicular cysts to 1.59 (0.06) ng/ml (P<0.05) and decreased in the cows with luteal cysts to 0.87 (001) ng/ml (P<0.05), although there was no change in original cyst structure in 45 per cent of the cases. However, new ovarian structures were frequently observed during the treatment. The overall pregnancy rate for cows with both types of cyst after treatment was 50 per cent after three inseminations, but the first service pregnancy rate was only 18 per cent for cows with follicular cysts and 28 per cent for cows with luteal cysts. After treatment, the fertility of cows with follicular cysts was similar to that of paired herdmates, whereas cows with luteal cysts took 40 days longer to calve again than healthy herdmates. However, the culling rate was higher for cows with follicular cysts (41 v 11 per cent).
First isolation of a rabies‐related virus from a Daubenton's bat in the United Kingdom
Authors: Whitby J. E. , Heaton P. R. , Black E. M. , Wooldridge M. , McElhinney L. M. , Johnstone P. 
Published: October 2010

On May 30, 1996, a sick Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonii) was recovered from the cellar of a public house in Newhaven, East Sussex. Its condition deteriorated rapidly, and it was euthanased and examined. Positive results, establishing the presence of a rabies or rabies‐related virus in its brain, were obtained from the fluorescent antibody test, the rabies tissue culture isolation test, and a hemi‐nested reversetranscription PCR. The complete sequence of the nucleoprotein gene was determined and a phylogenetic analysis, based on the 470 nucleotide bases of the amino terminus of the nucleoprotein, established the genotype of the virus as European bat lyssavirus 2. Bat rabies had not previously been recorded in the UK but does occur in mainland Europe. A study of the back‐trajectories of the wind on May 29 and 30, established that the infected bat possibly came from near the Franco‐Swiss border.
Fox predation as a cause of lamb mortalit on hill farms
Authors: White P. C. L. , Groves H. L. , Savery J. R. , Conington J. , Hutchings M. R. 
Published: October 2010

Data collected between 1993 and 1996 from two Scottish hill farms were used to assess the potential importance of predation by foxes as a cause of lamb mortality. Farm 1 was in Midlothian and farm 2 in West Perthshire. Overall lamb mortality rates from birth onwards were 10.2 per cent for farm 1 and 9.3 per cent for farm 2. Sixteen lambs were identified as killed by foxes on the two farms during the four‐year period. The minimum rates of fox predation were 0.6 per cent for farm 1 and 0.2 per cent for farm 2. All confirmed cases of fox predation were recorded during the period until the lambs were marked at about six weeks of age, and during this period another 53 lambs went missing from the two farms. Both groups of missing lambs were characterised by having significantly more siblings than the remaining lambs. A logistic regression model was able to classify the lambs killed by foxes and the missing lambs with 75 per cent accuracy on the basis of their birth rank alone. Of the total potential revenue from lamb production, the maximum losses due to confirmed fox predation in any one year were equivalent to 1.5 per cent on farm 1 and 0.6 per cent on farm 2.
Timing and causes of piglet mortality in alternative and conventional farrowing systems
Authors: Marchant J. N. , Rudd A. R. , Mendl M. T. , Broom D. M. , Meredith M. J. , Corning S. , Simmins P. H. 
Published: October 2010

The causes and timing of piglet mortality were studied in different farrowing systems. In the first experiment 198 litters were recorded in three systems, two of which allowed the sows to move freely, and the third restricted them in conventional crates. More piglets were weaned from the conventional crates than from the open systems and they grew more quickly. More than half the liveborn mortality occurred during the first four days after parturition. In the open systems, 17 per cent and 14 per cent of the piglets born alive were crushed, compared with only 8 per cent in the crates. In the second experiment, 29 sows and litters were studied in detail in a communal pen system during the first seven days of lactation. Three‐quarters of the liveborn mortality was due to crushing. The total number of piglets dying per litter, including stillbirths, was significantly associated with the total litter size and the sow's parity. The percentage livebom mortality was significantly associated with the parity and body length of the sows and with the within‐litter variation in the birth weight of the piglets. Individual birth weight was closely associated with percentage survival. Only 28 per cent of piglets weighing less than 1.1 kg at birth survived to seven days.
Antigenic variation and genotype of isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Korea
Authors: Cheon D‐S. , Chae C. 
Published: October 2010

A panel of three anti‐glycoprotein 5 (gp5) protein monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (15, 28 and 246) and three anti‐nucleocapsid (N) protein mAbs (SDOW17, V017 and EP147) was used to investigate, by an indirect fluorescent antibody test, the antigenic variations of 50 Korean isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and compare them with a US ATCC VR2332‐derived attenuated vaccine strain and the reference European Lelystad strain of PRRSV. A multiplex PCR assay for the differentiation of European and North American genotypes of PRRSV was used to determine the genotype of the 50 Korean isolates. Forty‐six (92 per cent) of the 50 Korean isolates shared the epitopes recognised by the anti‐N protein mAb SDOW17. No reactivity to the anti‐gp5 and anti‐N protein mAbs was observed with the other four isolates. Six distinct patterns could be identified on the basis of their reactivities with the anti‐PRRsv mAbs. All 50 isolates were identified as North American genotypes by the differential PcR.
Pathogenicity of three isolates of porcine respiratory coronavirus in the USA
Authors: Halbur P. G. , Pallarés F. J. , Opriessnig T. , Vaughn E. M. , Paul P. S. 
Published: October 2010

The pathogenicity of three isolates of porcine respiratory coronavirus (AR310, LEPP and 1894) from the USA was assessed in specific pathogen‐free pigs. Pigs inoculated with 1894 developed mild respiratory disease and pigs inoculated with AR31o and LEPP developed moderate respiratory disease from four to 10 days after they were inoculated, but all the pigs recovered fully by 14 days after inoculation. Gross and microscopic examination revealed mild (1894) to moderate (AR31o and LEPP) multifocal bronchointerstitial pneumonia from four to 10 days after inoculation. The lesions were characterised by necrotising bronchiolitis, septal infiltration with mononuclear cells, and a mixed alveolar exudate. No clinical signs or microscopic lesions were observed in control pigs that had not been inoculated.
Classical swine fever in wild boar in the Lombardy region of Italy from 1997 to 2002
Authors: Zanardi G. , Macchi C. , Sacchi C. , Rutili D. 
Published: October 2010

In 1997, outbreaks of classical swine fever occurred in wild boar and domestic pigs in the Italian province of Varese (Lombardy region). Statutory animal health measures were imposed, and a control plan aimed at preventing the virus from spreading outside the infected hunting zone of 108 km2 was implemented. However, in 1998, virologically positive wild boar were found outside this zone, including within Swiss territory. The infected zone was then enlarged to include the three other hunting areas of the northern province of Varese and the neighbouring Swiss territory. Italian and Swiss veterinary services initiated a joint policy to control the disease by hunting young wild boar and conserving older, immune animals. The percentage of virologically positive animals gradually decreased, the last being found in July 2000. The seroprevalence initially increased, but in 2000 and 2001 it decreased from 42.2 per cent to 8.8 per cent, indicating that the wild boar population had had no further contact with the virus.
Clinical and laboratory investigations of five outbreaks of foot‐and‐mouth disease during the 2001 epidemic in the United Kingdom
Authors: Alexandersen S. , Kitching R. P. , Mansley L. M. , Donaldson A. I. 
Published: October 2010

Clinical and laboratory investigations of five outbreaks of foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) were made during the early stages of the 2001 epidemic in the UK. The first outbreak, confirmed on February 20, was at an abattoir in Essex which specialised in the processing of culled sows and boars. On February 23, the disease was confirmed at a pig farm in Northumberland which held cull sows and boars fed on waste food; the findings indicated that it was the first of the five premises to be infected. The disease had probably been present since early February, and it was the most likely origin of the epidemic. The other premises investigated were a waste food‐fed cull sow/boar pig unit in Essex, approximately 30 km from the abattoir, which was probably infected at the same time or before the abattoir, a sheep and cattle farm approximately 6 km from the Northumberland pig farm, which was probably infected by airborne virus from it in the period immediately before February 13, and a sheep and cattle farm in Devon which had clinical disease from February 20 and was probably infected by sheep transported from Northumberland on February 13 which arrived on February 15.
Incidence of cryptorchidism in dogs and cats
Authors: Yates D. , Hayes G. , Heffernan M. , Beynon R. 
Published: October 2010

Over a period of 54 months, 3518 dogs and 3806 cats were castrated; 240 of the dogs and 50 of the cats were cryptorchid. Pedigree dogs, in particular the German shepherd dog, boxer and chihuahua were overrepresented. Among the dogs, right‐sided inguinal cryptorchidism was the most common form, followed by right‐sided abdominal cryptorchidism. The location of the affected testicle(s) was most variable in the boxer. Among the cats, left‐ or right‐sided inguinal cryptorchidism were the most common forms of the condition.
Case‐control study to investigate risk factors for horse falls in hurdle racing in England and Wales
Authors: Pinchbeck G. L. , Clegg P. D. , Proudman C. J. , Morgan K. L. , French N. P. 
Published: October 2010

Between March 1, 2000 and August 31, 2001, a case‐control study was conducted on 12 racecourses in England and Wales to identify and quantify the risk factors associated with horse falls in hurdle races. The cases and controls were defined so that variables relating to the horse, the jockey, the race and racecourse, and the jump could be considered. The cases were defined as a jumping effort at a hurdle flight that resulted in a fall, and the controls were defined as a successful jump over a hurdle at any of the 12 racecourses within 14 days before or after the case fall. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the univariable and multivariable relationships between the predictor variables and the risk of falling. The risk of falling was significantly associated with the position of the jump in the race, and with the distance and speed of the race. A horse's previous racing experience and history were also significantly associated with the risk of fallng and horses participating in their first hurdle race were at almost five times greater risk of falling than horses that had hurdled before.
Sevoflurane anaesthesia in chickens during spontaneous and controlled ventilation
Authors: Naganobu K. , Ise K. , Miyamoto T. , Hagio M. 
Published: October 2010

A crossover study design was used to investigate the dose‐related effects of sevoflurane at end‐tidal concentrations of 2.2 to 4.4 per cent on the respiratory rate, blood gases, heart rate, arterial blood pressure and ocular signs of chickens during spontaneous and controlled ventilation. The mean (sd) carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) increased as the concentration of sevoflurane increased, and was 86 (29) mmHg at an end‐tidal concentration of 4.4 per cent during spontaneous ventilation, but was maintained between 29 and 42 mmHg during controlled ventilation. The heart rate increased as the concentration of sevoflurane increased during spontaneous ventilation, but did not change during controlled ventilation. Sevoflurane decreased arterial blood pressure during both spontaneous and controlled ventilation, but a dosedependent decrease in arterial blood pressure was observed only during controlled ventilation. The mean arterial blood pressure at an end‐tidal concentration of 4.4 per cent was significantly higher during spontaneous ventilation than during controlled ventilation. Controlled ventilation prevented the increases in PaCO2and heart rate that were observed during spontaneous ventilation. The decrease in arterial blood pressure during spontaneous ventilation was less than that during controlled ventilation, possibly owing to the effects of hypercapnia.
Treatment of gastric ulceration in 10 standardbred racehorses with a pectin‐lecithin complex
Authors: Ferrucci F. , Zucca E. , Croci C. , Di Fabio V. , Ferro E. 
Published: October 2010

The severity of the erosive and ulcerative lesions of the squamous gastric mucosa in 10 standardbred racehorses in training was classified according to a standard scoring system. Each horse was then treated orally for 30 days with 50g/l OOkg bodyweight daily of a pectin‐lecithin complex mixed into the feed. At the end of the period of treatment, the gastric lesions were re‐evaluated gastroscopically and the scores were compared with those assigned at the previous evaluation. In three of the horses the gastric ulcerations had healed completely, and in six others the lesions had improved significantly.
Epidemiology and control of an outbreak of foot‐and‐mouth disease in the Republic of Ireland in 2001
Authors: Griffin J. M. , O'Reilly P. J. 
Published: October 2010

An outbreak of foot‐and‐mouth disease was confirmed in a flock of sheep on a farm in the Cooley peninsula, County Louth, on March 22, 2001. The virus was similar to other viruses of the serotype 0 PanAsian strain and virtually indistinguishable from other isolates from Northern Ireland and Great Britain. The epidemiological evidence suggested that infected sheep brought from Great Britain on February 19, 2001, were the source of the infection. The disease was eradicated by epidemiological investigation, serological testing and extensive culling.
Verocytotoxin‐producing Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in the Swedish pig population
Authors: Eriksson E. , Nerbrink E. , Borch E. , Aspan A. , Gunnarsson A. 
Published: October 2010

Verocytotoxin‐producing Escherichia coli 0157:H7 (VTEC 0157:H7) was detected in two of 2446 individual faecal samples collected from pigs slaughtered at five Swedish slaughterhouses, indicating a prevalence of 0‐08 per cent, with a 95 per cent confidence interval from 0 to 0.16 per cent. Four Swedish VTEC 0157:H7‐pOsitiVe farms which kept ruminants and pigs were studied by repeated faecal sampling; VTEC 0157:H7 was isolated from the ruminants and pigs on all the farms and the same strains were present in the pigs and the ruminants. On one of the farms, the organism persisted in the pig population for 11 months. On all four farms, management practices which might have influenced the isolation rate in pigs were identified. A group of young VTEC 0157:H7‐positive pigs was moved from one of the VTEC 0157:H7‐positiVe farms to a fattening herd where there were no ruminants. The number of VTEC 0157:H7‐positive faecal samples decreased gradually and after nine weeks the pigs were all negative; at slaughter none of the pigs was VTEC 0157:H7‐positive.
Review of the pharmacokinetics, interactions and adverse reactions of cyclosporine in people, dogs and cats
Authors: Robson D. 
Published: October 2010

Cyclosporine is being increasingly used in veterinary medicine. Oral formulations of the drug have found many therapeutic uses, but topical formulations have met with only limited success, probably owing to their poor penetration through the stratum corneum. The concurrent use of ketoconazole to inhibit cyclosporine metabolism has been shown to reduce the required dose and hence the cost of cyclosporine therapy. In human medicine, adverse reactions to the drug, especially nephrotoxicity, are common but in dogs given the commonly used oral dose of 5 mg/kg per day there have been few adverse reactions. However, no toxicity studies lasting longer than 12 months have been carried out in this species. This paper reviews the pharmacokinetics, drug and procedural interactions, contraindications and the adverse reactions to cyclosporine, with particular reference to its use in the treatment of dermatological conditions in dogs, cats and people.
Epidemiological study of Culicoides hypersensitivity in horses in Israel
Authors: Steinman A. , Peer G. , Klement E. 
Published: October 2010

The variations with breed, gender, age and coat colour in the prevalence of Culicoides hypersensitivity were studied in 408 horses on 18 farms in Israel. Data were gathered by means of questionnaires and the diagnoses were confirmed by direct physical examinations. The prevalence of Culicoides hypersensitivity was 28 per cent. The disease was rare on farms more than 800 m above sea level but was more prevalent at lower altitudes. The most important factors affecting the prevalence of Culicoides hypersensitivity were the farm, breed and age, but gender and colour were not significantly correlated with its prevalence.
Non‐invasive measurement of the cardiovascular effects of chronic hypoxaemia on dogs living at moderately high altitude
Authors: Glaus T. M. , Hauser K. , Hassig M. , Lipp B. , Reusch C. E. 
Published: October 2010

Pulmonary hypertension is a well‐recognised condition in dogs, and, among other mechanisms, is caused by hypoxia. In order to evaluate the effect of chronic hypobaric hypoxia on pulmonary arterial pressure in dogs, a colony of 19 clinically and biochemically healthy Greenland sled dogs living permanently at at least 2300 m above sea level (altitude dogs) and 10 clinically healthy Greenland sled dogs living at 700 to 900 m above sea level (control dogs) were examined. Investigations were made of the dogs' packed‐cell volume, venous and arterial blood gases, electrocardiogram, blood pressure and echocardiograph, including the calculation of pulmonary arterial pressure by Doppler examination of tricuspid regurgitation. The altitude dogs had a marked arterial hypoxaemia with a mean (sd) oxygen partial pressure of 61.9 (7.4) mmHg and a significantly lower arterial oxygen saturation (90.7 [3.7] per cent) than the control dogs (96.7 [0.8] per cent). In eight of the altitude dogs, tricuspid regurgitation allowed calculation of the systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, which was 29.5 (10.4) mmHg. Eight of the control dogs had tricuspid insufficiency, and their derived systolic pulmonary arterial pressure was significantly lower (17.4 [3.9] mmHg).
Treatment of canine parvoviral enteritis with interferon‐omega in a placebo‐controlled field trial
Authors: de Mari K. , Maynard L. , Eun H. M. , Lebreux B. 
Published: October 2010

The clinical efficacy of a recombinant feline interferon (IFN) (type omega) was evaluated under field conditions for the treatment of dogs with parvoviral enteritis. In this multicentric, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, 94 dogs from one to 28 months old were randomly assigned to two groups which were treated intravenously either with IFN (2·5 million units/kg) or placebo once a day for three consecutive days, and monitored for clinical signs and mortality for 10 days. Each dog received individual supportive treatment. The data from 92 interpretable cases (43 IFN‐treated and 49 placebo) showed that the clinical signs of the IFN‐treated animals improved significantly in comparison with the control animals, and that there were only three deaths in the IFN group compared with 14 deaths in the placebo group (P=0·0096) corresponding to a 4·4‐fold reduction. Alternative analyses of the data taking into account the prior vaccination status of the dogs against canine parvovirus suggested that the IFN therapy resulted in a 6·4‐fold reduction in mortality (P=0·044) in the unvaccinated cohort, a significant reduction when compared with the vaccinated cohort.
Evaluation of once daily treatment with cyclosporine for anal furunculosis in dogs
Authors: Doust R. , Griffiths L. G. , Sullivan M. 
Published: October 2010

Twenty.four dogs with anal furunculosis were treated with cyclosporine once daily for 13 weeks at dosages of 1.5, 3.0, 5.0 or 7.5 mg/kg, and re.examined after six and 12 months. After 13 weeks the disease in six of the dogs was in remission, 11 were controlled or improved and seven had failed to respond. The response of the dogs given the highest dose was significantly better than the response of the other groups taken together (P<0.01 4), and better than the responses of the groups given 1.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg (P<0.05). The dogs improved clinically during the treatment, most rapidly during the first five weeks. Of the six dogs that were in remission after 13 weeks, three relapsed after one, two and six months. The 1 1 dogs that were improved or controlled after 13 weeks were either left untreated or were continued on cyclosporine medication for one to three months at a dosage of 1.5 to 7.5 mg/kg; the disease went into remission in four cases and remained controlled in the other seven, but four of the 1 1 cases relapsed during the 12 months following the treatment. The side effects observed included increased coat turnover and transient vomiting.