bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistence of L. monocytogenes versus adherence on solid surface
Authors: Koreňová Janka , Oravcová Katarí­na 
Published: April 2011

Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen that frequently persists in food-processing environments despite rigorous sanitation procedures. Specific phenotypes that have been linked to persistence have been previously investigated but no clear association has been demonstrated. In this study we characterised four persistent L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food factories in Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark and Ireland in comparison with four non-persistent counterparts. The L. monocytogenes isolates were analysed for the ability to form biofilm during exponential/stationary growth phase at different temperature at low nutrition stress and adhesion to polystyrene at high-salinity conditions. Persistent and non-persistent strains did not significantly differ in the ability to form biofilm or to adhere to polystyrene microtitre plate.
Morphology and sensory evaluation of traditional products from different landraces of pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.)
Authors: Brindza Ján , Vietoris Vladimí­r , Kucelová Lucia , Fil Maria , Ostrovský Radovan , Gondová Eva 
Published: April 2011

The goal of study was analysis of morphological characteristics and organoleptic attributes of traditional food products from the pulp of regional varieties of pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.). For experimental purposes we used a landrace from Ukraine (A) and 5 landraces from Serbia (B, C, D, E and F). For the fruit of all landraces were determined by the average weight of fetuses in the range 1025.0 g (F) - 7680.0 g (B), stem weight 3.35 g (F) - 25 g (B), pulp weight 668.15 g (F) - 6351.10 g (B), placental weight of 90.47 g (E) - 515.50 g (B), seed weight 44.55 g (F) - 277.80 g (B) and mass exocarp 124.20 g (E) - 471.70 g (B). The dry matter content of flesh were determined in the range 7.8 to 11.6 %. The total weight of the fruit pulp was determined by weight in the range of 65.19 up to 88.50 % and the proportion of seed weight in the range of 1.65 to 6.58 %. Differences between genotypes were determined by the texture attributes of dry pulp of selected landraces using an electron microscope. For the sensory evaluation by traditional technology, we drafted three food products from the pulp of each landraces and mash, roast flesh, and baked rolls (traditional name strudel). All products have been heat-treated by boiling (slurry at 100 °C) and baked at 200 °C. Organoleptic evaluation of samples, we identified significant differences between rated landrace in perceptions of color, texture, consistency, hardness, juiciness, flavor, aftertaste, swallowed, sweetness, acidity, smell and overall impression. Experimental results of morphological analysis, we evaluated the descriptive statistics and the relationship between the characters were determined by linear correlations. Sensory analysis were evaluated by scaling and ranking methods. In general, we identified the best organoleptic properties in the landraces originating from Serbia (C). The results confirmed significant differences between test landrace in morphological and organoleptic characteristics.
Eva Green Real-time PCR used to detect celery as an allergen in food
Authors: Škultéty Ondrej , Jurčáková Andrea 
Published: April 2011

EvaGreen® Real-Time PCR method has been used for celery(Apium graveolens) allergen detection. A primer designed in mannitol dehydrogenase gene region has been used for specific celery identification in sample. The results show possibility to create calibration curve using artificially adulterated samples. The increasing variability between parallel calibration of celery samples has been observed from 0.1 % to 100%. Detection limit has been set to value 0.1% in celery representing 1000 ppm. Fluorescent signal has been presented even in samples with lower percentage addition of celery but these samples have been excluded according to unspecific
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Assays
Authors: Lorenz Ulrike 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins play a critical role in many processes of the immune system, from early development to fully differentiated effector function. Since the opposing actions of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) determine the steady‐state level of tyrosine phosphorylation on a given protein, it is often important for mechanistic studies to determine the specific activities of PTKs and PTPs. PTPs are defined by their enzymatic activity that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine residues. This unit focuses on methods to determine the enzymatic activity of PTPs. While there are many varieties of PTP assays, the focus in this unit is on immune complex PTP assays, which do not require elaborate biochemical purifications and are commonly used to test the activities of specific PTPs in the immune system. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 93:11.7.1‐11.7.12. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Measuring Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Macrophages and Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Authors: Kessenbrock Kai , Brown Markus , Werb Zena 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMacrophages and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) represent an essential part of the innate immune system. These cells mediate a wide spectrum of immunological functions including bacterial defense, immune modulation, and inflammation; they are necessary for tissue homeostasis and also contribute to pathologies such as malignancy, autoimmunity, and chronic inflammation. Both macrophages and PMNs express a set of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), zinc‐dependent endopeptidases that are involved in a variety of biological functions such as the turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, angiogenesis, and the regulation of inflammation. Given the link between unregulated MMP function and diseases such as chronic inflammation or cancer, it is not surprising that these enzymes have been implicated as key effectors in clinical studies. Thus, it is important to widen our knowledge about the role of these enzymes in macrophage and PMN biology. Here, we briefly discuss the general role of inflammatory cell–derived MMPs and describe methods to analyze their activity in macrophages and PMN.Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 93:14.24.1‐14.24.11. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synthesis and Anti‐HIV‐1 Activity of New Fluoro‐HEPT Analogues: An Investigation on Fluoro versus Hydroxy Substituents
Authors: Loksha Yasser M. , Pedersen Erik B. , Loddo Roberta , La Colla Paolo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCoupling of 6‐benzyl‐5‐hydroxymethyluracil (1) with formaldehyde acetals followed by fluorination using (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride (DAST) afforded 1‐alkenyloxymethyl and 1‐propargyloxymethyl 5‐fluoromethyl‐6‐benzyluracils 3a–c. 6‐(3,5‐Dimethylbenzyl)‐5‐ethyl‐1‐[(2‐fluoroethoxy)methyl]pyrimidine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione (6) was synthesized by fluorination of the corresponding hydroxy derivative 5. Sonogoshira reaction was performed on 6‐(3,5‐dimethylbenzyl)‐5‐ethyl‐1‐(4‐iodobenzyl)uracil (7) with propargyl alcohol to afford 8 which was fluorinated to give the fluoro propargyl derivative 9. Compound 7 was synthesized by N1‐alkylation of the corresponding uracil. Significant activity was found against HIV‐1 except for compounds with 5‐hydroxymethyl and 5‐fluoromethyl substituents.
Lebensdauersimulation von Betontragwerken
Authors: Ahrens Mark Alexander , Mark Peter 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEs wird ein Konzept zur direkten numerischen Simulation von Tragwerken über ihre Lebensdauer vorgestellt. Es beinhaltet materiell nichtlineare Einzelberechnungen mit Hilfe der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode (FEM) über die Zeit, wobei Eingangswerte von Material, Geometrie, Einwirkungen oder Degradationsmechanismen als streuende Größen eingehen und bezüglich ihrer Relevanz überprüft werden. Zahlreiche Einzelberechnungen mit nach verbesserten Monte‐Carlo Verfahren bestimmten Eingangswerten führen zu Lebensdaueraussagen wie Restnutzungsdauern oder Schädigungsentwicklungen, die mit mittleren Werten und zu erwartender Streuung angegeben sind. Das Konzept wird an einer vorgespannten Bogenbrücke aus den 1950er Jahren angewendet. Es lässt sich auch vorausschauend nutzen, beispielsweise um Tragwerke im Entwurf für eine maximale Lebensdauer zu optimieren.Lifetime Simulation of Concrete Structures Stochastically based time‐dependent analyses applied to a degraded arch bridgeA concept to directly simulate lifetime of engineering structures is introduced. It comprises sets of materially nonlinear structural computations using the finite element method (FEM), thereby considering stochastic scatter of input parameters from domains of geometry, loads and degradation mechanisms. Distinct parameters contributions to lifetime are checked for relevance. Multiple computation of parameter sets generated by enhanced Monte‐Carlo sampling leads to responses concerning residual structural lifetime or damage propagation. These responses are established by mean values along with expected standard deviations. The concept is adapted to simulate a degraded prestressed concrete arch bridge built in the 1950s. Additionally, it can be used in advance to optimize engineering structures right from the beginning of their planning processes to account for a maximum lifetime.
Small angle X‐ray scattering as a complementary tool for high‐throughput structural studies
Authors: Grant Thomas D. , Luft Joseph R. , Wolfley Jennifer R. , Tsuruta Hiro , Martel Anne , Montelione Gaetano T. , Snell Edward H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractStructural crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are the predominant techniques for understanding the biological world on a molecular level. Crystallography is constrained by the ability to form a crystal that diffracts well and NMR is constrained to smaller proteins. Although powerful techniques, they leave many soluble, purified structurally uncharacterized protein samples. Small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) is a solution technique that provides data on the size and multiple conformations of a sample, and can be used to reconstruct a low‐resolution molecular envelope of a macromolecule. In this study, SAXS has been used in a high‐throughput manner on a subset of 28 proteins, where structural information is available from crystallographic and/or NMR techniques. These crystallographic and NMR structures were used to validate the accuracy of molecular envelopes reconstructed from SAXS data on a statistical level, to compare and highlight complementary structural information that SAXS provides, and to leverage biological information derived by crystallographers and spectroscopists from their structures. All the ab initio molecular envelopes calculated from the SAXS data agree well with the available structural information. SAXS is a powerful albeit low‐resolution technique that can provide additional structural information in a high‐throughput and complementary manner to improve the functional interpretation of high‐resolution structures. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 517–530, 2011.
Postoperative course and clinical significance of biochemical blood tests following hepatic resection
Authors: Reissfelder C , Rahbari N N , Koch M , Kofler B , Sutedja N , Elbers H , Büchler M W , Weitz J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Hepatic resection continues to be associated with substantial morbidity. Although biochemical tests are important for the early diagnosis of complications, there is limited information on their postoperative changes in relation to outcome in patients with surgery-related morbidity.

Methods
A total of 835 consecutive patients underwent hepatic resection between January 2002 and January 2008. Biochemical blood tests were assessed before, and 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after surgery. Analyses were stratified according to the extent of resection (3 or fewer versus more than 3 segments).

Results
A total of 451 patients (54·0 per cent) underwent resection of three or fewer anatomical segments; resection of more than three segments was performed in 384 (46·0 per cent). Surgery-related morbidity was documented in 258 patients (30·9 per cent) and occurred more frequently in patients who had a major resection (P = 0·001). Serum bilirubin and international normalized ratio as measures of serial hepatic function differed significantly depending on the extent of resection. Furthermore, they were significantly affected in patients with complications, irrespective of the extent of resection. The extent of resection had, however, little impact on renal function and haemoglobin levels. Surgery-related morbidity caused an increase in C-reactive protein levels only after a minor resection.

Conclusion
Biochemical data may help to recognize surgery-related complications early during the postoperative course, and serve as the basis for the definition of complications after hepatic resection.
Measurement of surface‐transfer coefficient values for CO2 absorption in lime solutions in presence of surfactants
Authors: Jana Susanta Kumar , Bhaskarwar Ashok N. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA modified manometric apparatus has been used for the experimental determination of surface‐transfer coefficient values, used for the design calculations of various mass‐transfer equipments, for the absorption of carbon‐dioxide gas in saturated lime solution in presence of different types of surfactants. An analytical expression has been derived for estimation of the volume of gas absorbed, using the manometric data, for different times of absorption. The rate of gas absorption was found to remain constant initially for about 1 min and thereafter decreased with the progress of absorption time. Surface‐transfer coefficient values for gas absorption have been calculated using the experimental data of the volume of gas absorbed, without and with the addition of different concentrations of surfactants to the lime solutions. For a particular surfactant, surface‐transfer coefficient values were found to decrease with an increase in the concentration of surfactant in solution. The calculated values of the surface‐transfer coefficients for different surfactants are in close agreement with those reported in the literature.
Neural Control of Renal Function
Authors: Johns Edward J. , Kopp Ulla C. , DiBona Gerald F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe kidney is innervated with efferent sympathetic nerve fibers that directly contact the vasculature, the renal tubules, and the juxtaglomerular granular cells. Via specific adrenoceptors, increased efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity decreases renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, increases renal tubular sodium and water reabsorption, and increases renin release. Decreased efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity produces opposite functional responses. This integrated system contributes importantly to homeostatic regulation of sodium and water balance under physiological conditions and to pathological alterations in sodium and water balance in disease. The kidney contains afferent sensory nerve fibers that are located primarily in the renal pelvic wall where they sense stretch. Stretch activation of these afferent sensory nerve fibers elicits an inhibitory renorenal reflex response wherein the contralateral kidney exhibits a compensatory natriuresis and diuresis due to diminished efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity. The renorenal reflex coordinates the excretory function of the two kidneys so as to facilitate homeostatic regulation of sodium and water balance. There is a negative feedback loop in which efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity facilitates increases in afferent renal nerve activity that in turn inhibit efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity so as to avoid excess renal sodium retention. In states of renal disease or injury, there is activation of afferent sensory nerve fibers that are excitatory, leading to increased peripheral sympathetic nerve activity, vasoconstriction, and increased arterial pressure. Proof of principle studies in essential hypertensive patients demonstrate that renal denervation produces sustained decreases in arterial pressure. © 2011 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol1:731‐767, 2011.
Effect of weak metallic contamination on silicon epitaxial layer and gate oxide integrity
Authors: Mello D. , Coccorese C. , Ferlito E. , Sciuto G. , Ricciari R. , Barbarino P. , Astuto M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe detection of metallic contaminants in microelectronics devices is one of the main issues in production line. In fact they could diffuse rapidly into the silicon bulk and establishing energy states into the silicon energy‐band gap. The presence of trace of metals on the silicon surface can also degrade the gate oxide integrity, cause structural defect in silicon epitaxial layers or anomalies in silicon/gate oxide interface. Usually in semiconductor manufacturing superficial metallic contamination is monitored using Total X‐ray Reflection Fluorescence spectroscopy (TXRF) and performing specific electrical measurements on dedicated capacitor. In this work a weak contamination, undetected by TXRF analysis, was revealed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observing lattice damaging and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) detecting an anomalous Na distribution in depth profile. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Epitaxial growth and electrical characterization of germanium
Authors: Bosi M. , Attolini G. , Ferrari C. , Frigeri C. , Calicchio M. , Gombia E. , Asar T. , Boyali E. , Aydemir U. , Ozcelik S. , Kasap M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGe homojunctions were deposited by means of Metal Organic Vapour Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) on Ge substrates at 550 °C and 675 °C, using AsH3 as n‐type dopant. Gen/Gep, GaAsn/InGaPn/Gen/Gep and Gen/Gep/Gep structures were prepared and studied, where n and p identify the layer or substrate doping. Vertical mesa junctions were obtained on the above structures by using conventional photolithographic and evaporation techniques. The junctions were characterized by I‐V measurements under dark and illumination conditions and by EBIC technique. It has been observed that the samples grown at lower temperature showed better rectifying I‐V characteristics and light conversion efficiency while EBIC results may suggest that a high As diffusion is present in the samples grown at higher temperature. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Review: Recent research progress on preparation of silver nanowires by soft solution method and their applications
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Wang Li , Yan Guangqing 
Published: April 2011

AbstractOwing to the unique and tunable optical, plasmonic and electrical properties of silver nanowires, they are widely used as the templates for the preparation of Au or Pt nanotubes, as substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and detectors for some chemicals. Soft solution method is a facile and effective method for the preparation of silver nanowires with well‐controlled morphology and uniform size. By this approach, silver nanowires can be readily prepared with mild reaction condition, general materials available and facile procedure. This review concentrates on the preparation of silver nanowires via various soft solution methods and their applications in the formation of metallic nanotubes, SERS and detection for some chemicals. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Automated electron diffraction tomography – a new tool for nano crystal structure analysis
Authors: Kolb U. , Mugnaioli E. , Gorelik T. E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAutomated electron Diffraction Tomography (ADT) comprises an upcoming method for “ab intio” structure analysis of nano crystals. ADT allows fine sampling of the reciprocal space by sequential collection of electron diffraction patterns while tilting a nano crystal in fixed tilt steps around an arbitrary axis. Electron diffraction is collected in nano diffraction mode (NED) with a semi‐parallel beam with a diameter down to 50 nm. For crystal tracking micro‐probe STEM imaging is used. Full automation of the acquisition procedure allowed optimisation of the electron dose distribution and therefore analysis of highly beam sensitive samples. Cell parameters, space group and reflection intensities can be determined directly within a reconstructed 3d diffraction volume using a dedicated software package (ADT3D). Intensity data sets extracted from such a volume usually show a high coverage and significantly reduced dynamical effects due to “off‐zone” acquisition. The use of this data for “ab initio” structure solution by direct methods implemented in standard programs for X‐ray crystallography is demonstrated. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and characterization of magnetite nanocrystals
Authors: Raja K. , Verma S. , Karmakar S. , Kar S. , Das S. Jerome , Bartwal K. S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNanocrystals of magnetite (Fe3O4) were prepared by sol‐gel technique. The prepared nanocrystals were characterized for phase by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) of the samples annealed at successively higher temperature. The magnetite phase was formed during the annealing of the synthesized powder at 400 °C for a few hours. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to analyze the functional groups in the material. The energy dispersive X‐ray diffraction (EDAX) was performed for chemical composition analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were used to analyze the morphology of nanocrystals and for estimating their average size. The results confirm the formation of Fe3O4nanocrystals of the sizes ∼20–50 nm. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gallium Pnictides of the Alkaline Earth Metals, Synthesized by Means of the Flux Method: Crystal Structures and Properties of CaGa2Pn2, SrGa2As2, Ba2Ga5As5, and Ba4Ga5Pn8 (Pn = P or As)
Authors: He Hua , Stearrett Ryan , Nowak Edmund R. , Bobev Svilen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe focus of this paper is on the structural characterization of the new Zintl phases CaGa2P2, CaGa2As2, SrGa2As2, and Ba2Ga5As5, and the solid solution (Ba0.85(1)Sr0.15)2Ga5As5, all of which were synthesized from molten metal fluxes.CaGa2P2, CaGa2As2, and SrGa2As2 have layered structures with polyanionic layers made of ethane‐like Ga2P6 and Ga2As6 motifs fused through common edges; the polyanionic substructure in Ba2Ga5As5 consists of condensed Ga2As6 units and GaAs4 tetrahedra. Ba4Ga5P8 and Ba4Ga5As8, another pair of new compounds with channel‐like 3D structures, were also synthesized from metal fluxes, and their structures were established from single‐crystal X‐ray and synchrotron powder diffraction. They are based on GaP4 and GaAs4 tetrahedra, with parts of their structures being heavily disordered. The electronic structures computed with the linear muffin‐tin orbital (LMTO) method are discussed as well, alongside the thermopower and the electrical conductivity, measured on single crystals of Ba2Ga5As5 and the solid solution (Ba0.85(1)Sr0.15)2 Ga5As5. They demonstrate that such an approach would be an effective way to fine‐tune the transport properties.