bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ABSORPTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL IRON DURING PREGNANCY‐A LONGITUDINAL STUDY WITH REPEATED BONE‐MARROW STUDIES AND ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Svanberg Bernhard , Arvidsson Bertil , Norrby Anders , Rybo Göran , Sölvell Lennart 
Published: December 2009

Abstract.Iron absorption, bone‐marrow smears and haematological parameters were repeatedly studied during pregnancy in 50 women. The same studies were repeated two months after delivery. The material was randomly divided into two groups. Twenty‐four women were treated with 200 mg of ferrous iron daily while 26 were given placebo. The iron absorption was measured from radioiron‐labelled test doses of 100 mg ferrous iron in a whole‐body counter with high sensitivity.In the placebo group the iron absorption increased throughout pregnancy from an average of 6.5 % at the 12th week to 14.3 % at the 35th week of gestation. Two months after delivery the absorption was higher than initially. In the iron‐treated group the absorption increased between the 24th and 35th week of gestation from 6.0 to 8.6 %. After delivery 5.5 % of the test dose was absorbed.The haemosiderin iron in the bone‐marrow was mobilized during pregnancy. In the placebo group no woman had more than trace of haemosiderin in the bone‐marrow smears at the 35th week of gestation. In the iron‐treated group 65 % had the same bone‐marrow findings. The amount of bone‐marrow haemosiderin at term seems not to have the same significance for the diagnosis of iron deficiency in pregnancy as in non‐pregnant subjects. Two months after delivery about 50 % of the women in the placebo group had restored their iron depots. In the iron‐group the haemosiderin content in the bone‐marrow smears was enhanced in most women compared to early pregnancy. In the placebo group haematoLogical data indicated a high frequency of iron deficiency in late pregnancy while in the iron‐treated group iron deficiency was prevented.
Antibodies to Herpesvirus Hominis Types 1 and 2 Among Women with Neoplastic Change of Uterine Cervix
Authors: Peltonen Raili 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The occurrence of antibodies to herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2 was studied in Finland among patients with a neoplastic change of the uterine cervix. The following groups were studied: 220 patients with malignant or premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix, 143 control patients matched for age, socioeconomic level, marital status, home district and number of deliveries and 82 patients with breast or stomach cancer. Antibodies to HVH types 1 and 2 were determined using the neutralization test. Sera showing an index of ≥100 were accepted as positive to type 1 and those of ≤85 as positive to type 2. Among patients with a neoplastic change of the uterine cervix the frequency of type 1 antibodies varied between 70% and 79%. In the control group the frequency was 84% and among patients with some other malignancy 91%. These differences in the frequencies of type 1 antibody were not statistically significant. Type 2 antibodies were present in 35 to 47% among dysplasia and malignancy of the cervix. In the control group it was 18% and in other malignancies 20%. The differences between these groups and the controls were almost significant, significant and highly significant, respectively. Differences could also be observed in the distribution of neutralization indexes. The average index calculated from all sera was 48 both in the control group and in the group of other malignancies, while in sera of patients with dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma the respective values were 70, 66 and 79.The results are discussed in terms of the role of herpesvirus hominis type 2 in the development of cervical cancer.
ENDOGENOUS PROSTAGLANDINS AND SPONTANEOUS DELIVERY
Authors: Wiqvist N. , Bygdeman M. , Gréen K. , Lundström V. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The finding that exogenous prostaglandins have a potent and specific stimulatory action on uterine contractility in the human female as well as data suggesting increased concentrations of endogenous prostaglandins in amniotic fluid and blood serum during labor indicate that these compounds may play a role in human parturition. However, earlier results on blood levels of prostaglandin F2α remain controversial due to the possible formation of PGF2α by platelets and blood cells during isolation of the plasma and serum. It seems that measurement of one of the initial PGF2α metabolites 15‐keto‐13, 14‐dihydro‐PGF2α by gas chromatographic‐mass spectrometric technique offers a more reliable method for monitoring PGF2α synthesis. This metabolite is not formed during collection of blood and it can be expected to occur in considerably higher concentrations than the parent compound.During the last 6 weeks of pregnancy the concentration of 15‐keto‐13, 14‐dihydro‐PGF2α was low, varying around 25 pg/ml plasma. However, already in the beginning of spontaneous labor the values had increased by a factor of ten active phase of labor reaching levels around 500 pg/ml.The fact that labor can be postponed in monkeys by administration of the prostaglandin synthase inhibitor, indomethazine, lends further support to the view that PGF2α is involved in the mechanisms controlling the initiation and progress of spontaneous labor. Preliminary results also indicate that premature labor, under certain conditions, might be arrested by indomethazine.
Exposure to Drugs and Other Possibly Harmful Factors During the First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Kullander Stig , Källén Bengt , Sandahl Björn 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. 474 women in mid‐pregnancy, interviewed at ten different hospitals in Sweden, were questioned on a number of social and medical items: e.g., drug use, contraceptive technique used before pregnancy, exposure to possibly deleterious factors in the environment. the study, compared with a similar study made ten years earlier in Sweden, showed little or no difference in the use of iron and/or vitamin preparations, analgesic drugs, antibiotics, or endocrine drugs; but a drastic reduction is noted in the use of psychotropic drugs and of antihistaminic drugs. A marked decrease in frequency of first trimester X‐ray exposures can be found, but no marked changes in smoking habits. Appr. 18% of the women used contraceptive pills within 6 months of becoming pregnant—3 had used them during early pregnancy. About 4% (18 women) had used IUD—one became pregnant with a Cu‐IUD (intra‐uterine device inpregnated with copper).This type of study can provide some information on the prevalence of relatively common factors, but it must be considerably extended in order to permit an analysis of rare events, e.g., use of most drugs.
Normal Range Curves for the Intrauterine Growth of the Biparietal Diameter
Authors: Persson P.‐H. , Grennert L. , Gennser G. , Gullberg B. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Normal range curves for the growth of the fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) measured by ultrasound were calculated in three different ways; I. 93 selected women examined longitudinally with three‐week intervals from the 16th gestational week to term. II. Measurements for each week compiled with only the first measurement from each patient. From the 20th to the 30th week, 3,243 BPD determinations obtained in a routine screening programme was used. III. 157 BPD measurements from 60 women with known date of ovulation.The results revealed that the three growth curves obtained in different ways were almost identical. The daily BPD increase was 0.44 mm up to the 33rd week. Thereafter, the increment declined. The data were best explained by an equation of the third degree (98.9 %) for the whole investigated period (16‐40 weeks), and before the 33rd week, best fitted to a straight line. Reliability was assessed by the test‐retest method. The error introduced by the unreliability of measurements had a standard deviation of 0.9 mm. The mean difference between examinations performed with an interval of one day was equal to the BPD growth for one day: 0.44 mm. To assess accuracy, the ultrasonic BPD measurements were checked against caliper measurements of the fetal head, in the first half of pregnancy after hysterotomy, and at term after cesarean section. The mean difference was 0.44 mm and 1.3 mm, respectively (SD 1.5 and 1.3 mm). The variation of the normal curve obtained from longitudinal measurements was 3.4 mm (SD) and the variation of the curve obtained from patients with known date of ovulation was 2.2 mm (SD). By comparing the two curves (I and III), 52 % of the variance around the mean of the former curve could be explained by difference in gestational age; 11 % was due to lack of accuracy, 6 % to lack of reliability, and 31 % to individual difference.
Diagnosis of Intrauterine Growth Retardation by Serial Ultrasonic Cephalometry
Authors: Persson P.‐H. , Grennert L. , Gennser G. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The ultrasonic technique has provided a new and sensitive method for the early detection of retarded intrauterine growth (IUGR).This prospective study investigated the incidence and the intrauterine development of fetuses with retarded growth of the biparietal diameter (BPD). The accordance between retarded BPD growth and IUGR, judged from endpoint observation (reduced fetal size at birth) was established. In a routine screening programme, 1317 pregnant women were examined by ultrasound twice for cephalometry. The BPD determinations were performed in the 19th and 32nd post‐menstrual weeks. Normal increment of the BPD during the interval between the 19th and the 32nd week was 40 mm (90 % confidence limits; 37 and 43 mm). Retarded BPD growth was defined as an increase less than 37 mm, which is equal to the growth of less than 5 % of the fetuses. In the examined 1317 pregnancies, 6.3 % of the fetuses had a retarded BPD growth. The further development of this group (Group S) was carefully monitored: The risk of preterm delivery was increased (26 %) as was the perinatal mortality (5.9 %). Infant weight, length, and head circumference at birth were below the 10th centile for dates in 45, 44, and 36 %, respectively. The mean birth‐weight of Group S was 750 g less than normal. Group S did not reveal any correlation between the degree of the BPD deviation and the outcome of pregnancy or the infant size.The growth retardations detectable at the 32nd week were in general uniform; that is, head and body dimensions were equally small. This was true also for the placental weight in those pregnancies that were terminated before the 38th week, but thereafter, there was a tendency for the fetus to have outgrown its placenta.The investigation demonstrates that, by only two measurements of the BPD, it is possible to diagnose a large risk group of pregnancies with not only a high proportion of pre‐term deliveries, but also infants with low birth weight. The new approach to fetal growth not only takes birth‐weight into consideration but also, to some extent, the time of onset of the growth retardation.
Serum prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone levels following thyreotropin releasing hormone stimulation in preeclamptic patients
Authors: Kulseng‐Hanssen S. , Torjesen P. A. , Hanssen K. F. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Serum prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured following administration of thyreotropin releasing hormone (THR) in 17 preeclamptic patients and 18 normal pregnant controls.31st to the 35th pregnancy week the preeclamptic patients showed increased basal serum prolactin and TSH levels compared to controls, but later in pregnancy the differences disappeared. Following TRH stimulation, the serum prolactin and TSH responses were similar in women with and without preeclampsia. A possible role of prolactin in the development of preeclampsia is discussed.
Pregnancy complications following conization of the uterine cervix (i)
Authors: Weber Torn , Obel Erik 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The literature on the course of pregnancies following conization of the uterine cervix has been studied. It is demonstrated that an evaluation of the possible effect of conization upon subsequent pregnancy should be based upon a comparison of either pregnancies before and after conization or upon a comparison between pregnancies in women with a previous conization and in a control group of women without conization. In both cases the possible influence of conization can be evaluated only if the patient material is described as regards age, parity, number of previous pregnancies, smoking habits, etc., factors which may all influence the course of pregnancy. None of the previous publications have described the patient material sufficiently, and most studies have not tried to set up control groups.Due to these deficiencies we do not find it justified that conization leads to reduced fertility, increased frequency of spontaneous abortion, nor to increased perinatal mortality. An increased prematurity rate may not be rejected, however, but this point has not been adequately evaluated in the previous papers.
Biological fate of methenamine in man
Authors: Allgén Lars‐Göran , Holmberg Göran , Persson Birgitta , Sörbo Bo 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Methenamine hippurate was administered orally as tablets or granules to healthy volunteers. Plasma concentrations of methenamine reached a maximum 1‐2 hours after a single dose and then declined with a half‐life of about 4 hours. The apparent distribution volume was similar to that of total body water. Renal clearance of methenamine was somewhat lower than that of creatinine. In cross‐over experiments over six days, methenamine recovered in the urine corresponded to about 80 per cent of the dose given per 12 hours, slightly lower values being obtained from granules than from tablets. The efficient renal elimination of methenamine was confirmed in similar studies on patients post‐operatively.Methenamine hippurate was also given to healthy pregnant women during labor, a few hours before expected delivery. Methenamine was found to pass the placental barrier. The concentration of methenamine in umbilical cord plasma was low but reached the level in maternal plasma after about 4 hours. In amniotic fluid the methenamine concentration was low and varying. No correlation was obtained to the maternal or umbilical cord plasma levels.The methenamine concentration in breast milk was of the same magnitude as in maternal plasma. It is concluded that methenamine may be safely given to pregnant and lactating women with respect to the wellbeing of the child.
FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENT AND INTRAUTERINE GROWTH
Authors: Rolschau J. , Date J. , Kristoffersen K. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The effect of a folic acid supplement on birth weight and placental weight in women delivering in the early summer in Denmark was investigated.Thirty‐six women with normal pregnancy and expected delivery in the first half of June were selected consecutively. They were paired two and two, and allotted to two groups, one of which was supplied daily with 5 mg folic acid, and the second with tablets without folic acid, from the 23rd week of pregnancy. A significant correlation was found between erythrocyte folic acid and birth weight. The infants in the folic acid group were 12.7 per cent heavier than those in the control group (p < 0.01). A similar difference was found with regard to placental weight and the number of placental cells.
VULVAL EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA
Authors: Miodovnik M. , Adatto R. , Adoni A. , Palti Z. , Dollberg L. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A case of Eosinophilic Granuloma of the vulva, associated with Diabetes Insipidus, is presented.There is neither specific nor adequate treatment for the vulval lesions. Treatment with local steroids should first be tried, if this does not help Roentgen‐ray irradiation should be given. Simple vulvectomy is a last resort with poor results.
A NEW GEL FOR INTRACERVICAL APPLICATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN E2
Authors: Ulmsten Ulf , Kirstein‐Pedersen Anders , Stenberg Pål , Wingerup Lars 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A new gel‐formulation for intracervical application of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been prepared. As a vehicle for the gel a cross‐link starch polymer is used. PGE2 substance is added to the starch polymer and after homo‐genization and lyophilization a PGE2 powder is obtained. The powder can be stored at room temperature for more than four months without inactivation of the prostaglandin. Before clinical application a few ml of saline is added to the powder giving, within 30 seconds, an easily‐handled ready to use PGE2‐gel. Chemical analysis by spectrophotometric technique reveals that the amount of unchanged PGE2 is the same in the new gel‐formulation as in a conventional cellulose gel.In a randomized double‐blind study the new PGE2‐gel was intracervically applied to twenty nulliparae before abortion by dilatation and evacuation (D & E). Ten women were given a gel containing 0.25 mg PGE2 (PGE2‐gel) and ten a gel without PGE2 (placebo gel). It was found that the PGE2‐gel, in contrast to the placebo gel, produced a rapid ripening of the cervix facilitating the subsequent D & E. No adverse systemic or local reactions were found during or after the treatment.
SOCIOECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF DYSMENORRHEA
Authors: Bergsjø Per 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Dysmenorrhea constitutes only a small fraction of the causes of absence from work among women of childbearing age. Nevertheless, every second woman in two Norwegian industrial companies experienced pain during menstruation and one in three had to stay in bed at least one day per month. Many women attend their jobs in spite of reduced capacity for work during periods of discomfort. The consequence for work output and hence economy may be impossible to estimate.Socially the perimenstrual period has a negative effect on many women. Poor results at examinations, greater risk of being injured and a tendency to commit offences seem to cluster at this time. The social implications of dysmenorrhea may be as important as the economic ones.
NAPROXEN AND NAPROXEN SODIUM IN DYSMENORRHEA: DEVELOPMENT FROM IN VITRO INHIBITION OF PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS TO SUPPRESSION OF UTERINE CONTRACTIONS IN WOMEN AND DEMONSTRATION OF CLINICAL EFFICACY
Authors: Henzl Milan R. , Izu Allen 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. “In vitro” experimentation has shown that naproxen inhibits prostaglandin synthetase generated by uterine microsomes of pregnant rats. In another in vitro system, naproxen inhibited electrically induced contractions of an isolated myometrial strip and abolished the sensitivity of the myometrium to oxytocin.In in vivo experiments, naproxen prevented oxytocin‐induced “writhing” of rats and mice, and delayed parturition when given to pregnant rats.In double‐blind placebo controlled clinical experiments naproxen sodium administration was followed by a steady decrease of intrauterine resting pressure, and the amplitude and frequency of uterine contractions.Clinical trials designed to prove the efficacy and acceptability of naproxen sodium in dysmenorrhea comprised 227 patients followed over a total of 623 painful menstruations. Complete or substantial pain relief was achieved by 77.9% of patients treated with naproxen sodium but only by 23% of placebo treated patients. The use of other analgesic agents was prominently reduced: only 28% naproxen sodium treated patients needed an additional pain medication over 18% painful menstruations while 70% placebo treated patients needed additional analgesics over 54% painful menstruations. Naproxen sodium treatment enabled the patients to continue their daily activities during dysmenorrhea: 77.3% patients who historically had to stay at home from school/work and/or in bed could continue their daily activities, while, in striking contrast 81.8% such patients of the placebo group remained fully incapacitated. Naproxen and naproxen sodium also reduced pain associated with IUD insertion; and in patients with dysmenorrhea secondary to IUD.No meaningful side effects occurred throughout the trials.The mode of naproxen's action in dysmenorrhea is probably by inhibition of microsomal prostaglandin synthetase. The in vitro conversion of arachidonic acid into PGF and PGE by uterine microsomes is reduced by naproxen in a dose‐related manner. Naproxen treatment substantially decreases PGF and PGE concentrations in uterine tissue of pregnant rats. In humans, the PGF content in menstrual blood becomes significantly reduced by naproxen sodium treatment as compared to menstruations with placebo treatment. This suggests causal associations between naproxen treatment, reduction of uterine prostaglandins, inhibition of uterine contractions, and relief of dysmenorrhea. Thus naproxen represents a rational therapy for dysmenorrhea.
Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with local excisional biopsy and cryosurgery
Authors: Tronstad Svein‐Erik , Kirschner Rolf 
Published: December 2009

One hundred and ninety‐eight patients with abnormal cytologic smears had extensive diagnostic biopsy of the portio combined with endocervical curettage. Severe dysplasia or cancer in situ was found in 57 per cent of the patients. During a period of observation of 6‐42 months (average 18 months) the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) regressed in 54 per cent.Cryosurgery was used to treat 93 patients with persistent CIN after biopsy. Treatment was successful in almost 70 per cent after one single application of cryosurgery. The complications were negligible. Treatment was less successful with increasing histological severity as well as with increasing age of the patients; this applies both to biopsy and cryosurgery. Cryosurgery is significantly less effective when the CIN is of both ecto‐ and endocervical origin.Extensive multiple biopsies of the portio in combination with endocervical curettage performed under general anaesthesia, followed by cryosurgery with persistent cytological abnormalities, are indicated as an alternative to conization, especially in younger patients with ectocervical CIN.
Hyperprolactinemia in Cases of Infertility and Amenorrhea
Authors: Furuhjelm Mirjam , Rydner Thure , Carlström Kjell 
Published: December 2009

Of 17 patients with longstanding (3–15 years, mean 7.7 years) amenorrhea and hyperprolactinemia, 8 developed their amenorrhea after the use of oral contraceptives (Group I) and 9 became amenorrhoic spontaneously (Group II). There were no differences between the groups with respect ot the basal serum levels of FSH, LH, low polar estrogens (estradiol‐17β + estrone) and prolactin. Tomography revealed pituitary adenoma in four patients. One of these developed symptoms of her tumor during pregnancy; the symptoms disappeared after delivery. The other patients with tumors are checked twice a year and have not yet received any treatment. The patients with no detectable tumors were treated with bromocriptine starting with 1.25 × 3 daily. The peripheral serum levels of prolactin, FSH, LH, low polar estrogens and progesterone were determined once a week and if the prolactin levels remained high, the bromocriptine dose was increased. All these patients started to menstruate as soon as prolactin returned to normal levels (below 25 μmg/l). All patients who wished to became pregnant, i. e. 6 patients. Three were delivered by cesarean section, one had a normal delivery and two are still pregnant.There was no difference between Group I and Group II in the dose required or in the duration of treatment before menstruation started. Three cases of galactorrhea were found.