bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth characteristics of agrowaste‐immobilised lactobacilli in soymilk during refrigerated storage
Authors: Teh Sue‐Siang , Bhat Rajeev , Ahmad Rosma , Wan‐Abdullah Wan‐Nadiah , Liong Min‐Tze 
Published: August 2010

SummaryWe aimed at evaluating agricultural wastes as solid supports for the immobilisation of lactobacilli in a liquid media, namely soymilk. Lactobacillus acidophilus FTDC 1331, L. acidophilus FTDC 2631, L. acidophilus FTDC 2333, L. acidophilus FTDC 1733 and L. bulgaricus FTCC 0411 were immobilised on solid supports produced from durian (Durio zibethinus), cempedak (Artocarpus champeden) and mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). The immobilised cells were inoculated into soymilk and stored at 4 °C over 168 h. Soymilk inoculated with non‐immobilised cells was used as the control. Immobilised cells showed higher survivability over 168 h compared to the control, accompanied by higher reduction of simple sugars and oligosaccharides in soymilk. Higher growth and higher utilisation of substrates also led to the higher production of lactic and acetic acids, which lowered the pH in soymilk compared to the control. Our results illustrated that agrowastes could be used as immobilisers to enhance the growth of lactobacilli in a liquid medium.
Seeking children’s perspectives in the management of visible enamel defects
Authors: Rodd H.D. , Abdul‐Karim A. , Yesudian G. , O’Mahony J. , Marshman Z. 
Published: August 2010

AimTo undertake a child‐centred evaluation of treatment provision for visible enamel defects.DesignPostal questionnaires, developed with children, were sent to 88 patients, aged 7–16 years, with visible enamel defects of permanent incisors and who had received microabrasion, with/without additional composite restoration at Sheffield Dental Hospital, UK. The questionnaires sought children’s perceptions about their teeth before and after the intervention, as well as their evaluation of how they had been treated. Anonymised responses were graded using a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) where a score of 10 indicated the most negative response, and zero the most positive response.ResultsSixty three questionnaires were returned (72% response). Prior to treatment, children reported high levels of worry (VAS = 6.8), embarrassment (VAS = 6.9) and a perception that their teeth looked yellow and discoloured (VAS = 7.3). Following treatment, children thought their teeth looked much better (VAS = 1.6), felt happier (VAS = 2.2) and more confident (VAS = 1.6). They also felt very positive about their clinical experiences, rating the staff as extremely friendly and kind (VAS = 0.4) and reporting that procedures were clearly explained (VAS = 0.6).ConclusionsSimple non‐invasive dental treatment can have a positive effect on appearance‐related satisfaction. The use of child‐centred approaches offers an invaluable insight into patient perspectives.
Molar incisor hypomineralization: prevalence, severity and clinical consequences in Brazilian children
Authors: DA COSTA‐SILVA CRISTIANE MARIA , JEREMIAS FABIANO , De SOUZA JULIANA FELTRIN , De CÁSSIA LOIOLA CORDEIRO RITA , SANTOS‐PINTO LOURDES , CILENSE ZUANON ANGELA CRISTINA 
Published: August 2010

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 426–434 Background.  The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) varies considerably around the world; however, few studies have examined MIH in South American countries.Objective.  To evaluate the prevalence, severity, and clinical consequences of MIH in Brazilian children residing in rural and urban areas of the municipality of Botelhos, Minas Gerais, Brazil.Methods.  Children aged 6 to 12 years (n = 918) with all four‐first permanent molars erupted had these teeth evaluated according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. The examinations were conducted by two previously trained examiners, and the dental impact caused by MIH was evaluated with the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index (WHO).Results.  Molar incisor hypomineralization was present in 19.8% of the 918 children, with a higher prevalence in rural areas. The majority of the defects presented were demarcated opacities without post‐eruptive structural loss, which has been considered as mild defects. Children with MIH had higher DMFT values.Conclusion.  Despite the high prevalence of MIH, the severity of the defects was mild. The results indicate a positive association between MIH and the presence of dental caries.
Repeat general anaesthesia, a 6‐year follow up
Authors: Kakaounaki Eirini , Tahmassebi Jinous F. , Fayle Stephen A. 
Published: August 2010

ObjectiveTo investigate the number of children who subsequently required further dental general anaesthesia (DGA) following the baseline DGA for exodontia in 1997 over the next 6 year period, and identify any common factors related to these repeat DGAs.DesignA retrospective longitudinal analysis.Materials and methodsRecords from a UK teaching hospital for patients who had extractions under DGA within the calendar year of 1997 were identified and analysed. The individual’s demographic details, reasons for the baseline DGA, teeth extracted, number of subsequent DGAs, the reasons for repeat DGA and finally any episodes of pain and/or infection after 1997 were recorded.ResultsDuring 1997, a total of 484 children with mean age of 6.35 (ranged between 1 and 16 years) received a DGA for exodontias. The most common reason for the exodontias carried out at this baseline DGA was dental caries and mean number of exodontias was 4.24. Of the total study population 8.9% subsequently had at least one unplanned repeat DGA, with dental caries being a factor in 84% of the cases. Of the subsequently extracted teeth 71.9% were caries free or unerupted at the time of the initial DGA. Of the children who had a repeat DGA, 61% had experienced at least one episode of pain and/or infection subsequent to the first episode of DGA. The pattern of the child’s attendance and the recorded experience of oral pain and infection after the baseline DGA in 1997 were variables proved to be strongly associated with the risk of having an unplanned repeat DGA, with the children who were irregular attenders having a four times increased risk.ConclusionsTwo common factors were identified which might predict the potential for a child requiring a repeat DGA; irregular attendance and oral pain and infection.
Multiple pathways for tree regeneration in anthropogenic savannas: incorporating biotic and abiotic drivers into management schemes
Authors: Pulido Fernando , García Eustolia , Obrador José J. , Moreno Gerardo 
Published: August 2010

Summary 1. Oak savannas are biodiversity‐rich landscapes allowing sustainable livestock production throughout the world. The long‐term persistence of these ecosystems critically depends on the regeneration of the tree layer. Nevertheless, studies addressing the mechanisms involved for conservation planning are of limited value because they tend to focus on single explanatory factors. 2. We evaluated the combined effect of biotic and abiotic factors on recruitment of holm oak Quercus ilex in the Mediterranean savannas of western Spain. Transition probabilities from flower to seed to the established seedling were estimated in grazed, shrub‐encroached and cropped plus fenced habitats in two consecutive years. 3. Trees in cropped habitats produced more female flowers and larger acorn crops in both years. The physiological condition of trees was better in cropped habitats and worst in shrub‐encroached plots. Overall, resource‐mediated effects overrode the effects of biotic damage on tree fecundity in all habitats. 4. Acorn survival and seedling establishment were higher in cropped and shrub‐encroached plots, though in cropped plots saplings are predictably destroyed by subsequent grazing and/or by mechanical treatment used to restart the cropping cycle. 5. Complete regeneration failure was found in 6 out of 24 possible management scenarios, mostly in the presence of large vertebrate herbivores. However, even low positive cumulative transition probabilities between life stages exceeded a safe threshold for early regeneration. 6. Synthesis and applications. Natural early recruitment of oak savannas can be achieved through various management regimes. These include cereal cropping in fenced plots (provided established saplings were not subsequently destroyed) or shrub encroachment in undergrazed or livestock‐excluded plots. Among these, natural recruitment after encroachment is a cost‐effective tool as compared to artificial plantation.
An integrative review of the literature on registered nurses’ medication competence
Authors: Sulosaari Virpi , Suhonen Riitta , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: August 2010

Aims and objectives.  The aim of this integrative literature review was to describe registered nurses’ medication competence. The objectives of the literature review were to chart the need for future studies and use the results for instrument development.Background.  Nurses play a vital role in different phases of a patient’s medication process and thus need adequate competence to fulfil their role. Research on nurses’ level of medication competence in different competency areas has been published. However, previous studies have lacked a comprehensive or integrated definition or description of medication competence in nursing.Design.  Integrative literature review.Methods.  The integrative literature review followed five stages: (1) problem identification, (2) literature search, (3) data evaluation, (4) data analysis and (5) presentation. Eligible articles were identified via systematic literature search of research and evidence‐based – databases. Twenty‐one studies met the selection criteria.Results.  Eleven competency areas that constitute nurses’ medication competence were identified: (1) anatomy and physiology, (2) pharmacology, (3) communication, (4) interdisciplinary collaboration, (5) information seeking, (6) mathematical and medication calculation, (7) medication administration, (8) medication education, (9) assessment and evaluation, (10) documentation and (11) promoting medication safety as part of patient safety. The analysis revealed three major categories which integrate these competency areas: (1) decision making competence, (2) theoretical competence and (3) practical competence.Conclusions.  Medication competence requires a solid knowledge base and the ability to apply that knowledge in real‐life situations during often complex and dynamic patient medication processes. Decision making competence was found to be an important and integral part of a nurses’ theoretical and practical competence. These main competence categories integrated all of the 11 competency areas identified in this review.Relevance to clinical practice.  It is important to determine registered nurses’ medication competence in the context of developing nursing education and migration of the nursing workforce. This literature review contributes an integrated perspective on nurses’ medication competence and in doing so has clinical relevance for curriculum development and to future research in this area.
Review: a meta‐synthesis of qualitative research into needs and experiences of significant others to critically ill or injured patients
Authors: Linnarsson Josefin Rahmqvist , Bubini Jennifer , Perseius Kent‐Inge 
Published: August 2010

Aims and objectives.  This study aimed to describe the significant others’ experiences and needs when a person is critically ill or injured in an acute care setting.Background.  Being a significant other to a hospitalised critically ill or injured patient is a heavily distressing life event. Addressing significant others’ needs adequately has been shown to be essential to mitigate the psychological consequences of such distressing events.Design.  A systematic review of qualitative research.Methods.  Meta‐ethnographic synthesis was used for analysis.Results.  The key findings are described in five major themes: uncertainty and emotional ‘roller coaster’; information – balancing hope and reality; to guard and to protect the loved one; alliance with caregivers – crucial support; and social network – support and disequilibrium.Conclusions.  The study can provide a broader understanding of the significant others’ situation. They are facing an overwhelming and emotionally challenging situation and need to be seen and heard.Relevance to clinical practice.  The results point towards the nurses’ key position in handling the needs of the significant others. This kind of description might be helpful in taking on this delicate task and might also serve as a body of knowledge to influence clinical practice guidelines and nursing interventions in this field.
Experiences of day care and collaboration among people with mild dementia
Authors: Brataas Hildfrid V , Bjugan Helga , Wille Trude , Hellzen Ove 
Published: August 2010

Aims.  The study was designed to assess how a day care programme once a week, for seven weeks, with group collaboration and social and cultural activities was experienced by clients. The aim was to provide some insight into how older adults with mild cognitive impairment perceive and experience day care.Background.  As a consequence of social withdrawal, older adults with mild dementia may suffer a loss of meaningful social life and mental stimulus. Person‐centred and collaborative day care may provide support to remaining abilities and facilitate for social activities. Little is known about client experiences and whether and how day care gives meaning to everyday life of persons with mild dementia.Design.  A qualitative interview study in a narrative content analysis design.Methods.  This study involved narrative interviews with nine Norwegian clients, aged 77–88 years of age, living at home, all being old people with mild dementia.Results.  Three main themes emerged: ‘Ambivalence Shifts to Interest’, ‘Meaningful Engagement Engenders Wellbeing’ and ‘Social Fellowship Promotes Life Contentment’. The findings gave insights into how people with mild dementia had positive experiences from a once‐a‐week day programme.Conclusions.  This study demonstrates feelings of more meaningful lives, well‐being and contentment as effects of collaborative day care participation. Safe transfer was a prerequisite to participate. There is a need of more research on how to facilitate person‐centred and collaborative day care provided for groups in different contexts, culturally pluralistic groups and groups of younger seniors with mild dementia.Relevance to clinical practice.  Persons with mild dementia may practice remaining social and collaborative skills when care facilitate and moderate participant involvement. Therefore, facilitating for clients’ feelings of control in secure environments, narrative conversations, group activities and collaborative group interaction are suggested.
The long‐term benefits of cardiac rehabilitation on depression, anxiety, physical activity and quality of life
Authors: Yohannes Abebaw M , Doherty Patrick , Bundy Christine , Yalfani Ali 
Published: August 2010

Aims.  To investigate the long‐term benefits of a six‐week comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation programme on physical activity, psychological well‐being and quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease.Background.  Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in short term improves exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with cardiac disease. However, the long‐term benefits of CR are inconclusive.Design.  A prospective CR programme with repeated measures follow‐up over 12 months.Methods.  A six‐week outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programme was conducted including 147 patients with coronary heart disease. Patients completed the physical activity energy expenditure (seven‐day recall activity), MacNew Heart Disease Health‐Related Quality of Life (MacNew) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADs) at baseline, six weeks, six and 12 months.Results.  One hundred and five (71%) patients (76 male) mean age of 61·8 (SD 9·7) completed the four‐measurement points. Analysis of variance revealed that total energy expenditure (F (2, 231) = 131, p < 0·001), HADs (F (2, 237) = 19·3, p < 0·001), depression score (F (2, 235) = 21·06, p < 0·001), anxiety score (F (2,237) = 17·02, p < 0·001) and MacNew (F (2, 197) = 77·02, p < 0·001) were all statistically significant over time. Bonferroni pairwise follow‐up confirmed significant positive differences (p < 0·05) between baseline values and all subsequent measures over time. Depression was independently explained in 22% of the variance in quality of life at 6 or 12 months. The energy expenditure was significantly higher for men compared to women (F (1, 103) = 31, p < 0·001).Conclusion.  A six‐week cardiac rehabilitation programme is beneficial in improving quality of life, physical activity status, anxiety and depression. These benefits were maintained at 12 months. Elevated levels of depression were associated with impaired quality of life.Relevance to clinical practice.  All relevant health care staff should be aware of the benefits of CR and routinely refer and encourage patients with cardiac disease to attend a cardiac rehabilitation programme. Depression and anxiety intervention strategies should be incorporated in cardiac rehabilitation programmes.
‘It’s not worth stopping now’: why do smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease continue to smoke? A qualitative study
Authors: Wilson Julie S , Elborn Joseph S , Fitzsimons Donna 
Published: August 2010

Aim.  This study aims to explore the experience of cigarette smokers with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who have received smoking cessation support and describe their personal decision‐making processes regarding their smoking behaviour.Background.  Previous studies have demonstrated poor smoking cessation rates in people with COPD, despite this being the primary intervention for disease management. There is limited research exploring the reasons why this population continues to smoke.Design.  Retrospective qualitative interviews were conducted and analysed using Giorgi’s (1985) process of analysis.Method.  Following a randomised controlled trial to evaluate national smoking cessation guidelines, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample (n = 6) of those patients who were unable to stop smoking.Results.  Six themes that typified patients’ decision‐making were identified during six interviews; too late to stop now, finding motivation, guilt about continued smoking, bargaining/contemplation, need to stop and reduced quality of life.Conclusion.  The reasons why smokers with COPD continue to smoke despite poor health and following support are complex. Cigarettes are regarded as friends, despite the knowledge that they are contributing to severe disability and poor quality of life. Owing to their inability to stop smoking, many patients avoid healthcare opportunities, further contributing to their poor health.Relevance to clinical practice.  Smoking cessation is associated with ambivalence in this population. Health professionals need to understand the volatility of patients’ decision‐making and tailor advice and support to achieve more realistic goals such as reduced consumption.
Using an online tool to support school‐based ICT policy planning in primary education
Authors: Vanderlinde R. , Van Braak J. , Tondeur J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn important step towards the successful integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in schools is to facilitate their capacity to develop a school‐based ICT policy resulting in an ICT policy plan. Such a plan can be defined as a school document containing strategic and operational elements concerning the integration of ICT in education. To write such a plan in an efficient way is challenging for schools. Therefore, an online tool [Planning for ICT in Schools (pICTos)] has been developed to guide schools in this process. A multiple case study research project was conducted with three Flemish primary schools to explore the process of developing a school‐based ICT policy plan and the supportive role of pICTos within this process. Data from multiple sources (i.e. interviews with school leaders and ICT coordinators, school policy documents analysis and a teacher questionnaire) were collected and analysed. The results indicate that schools shape their ICT policy based on specific school data collected and presented by the pICTos environment. School teams learned about the actual and future place of ICT in teaching and learning. Consequently, different policy decisions were made according to each school's vision on ‘good’ education and ICT integration.
Beyond the ‘digital natives’ debate: Towards a more nuanced understanding of students' technology experiences
Authors: Bennett S. , Maton K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe idea of the ‘digital natives’, a generation of tech‐savvy young people immersed in digital technologies for which current education systems cannot cater, has gained widespread popularity on the basis of claims rather than evidence. Recent research has shown flaws in the argument that there is an identifiable generation or even a single type of highly adept technology user. For educators, the diversity revealed by these studies provides valuable insights into students' experiences of technology inside and outside formal education. While this body of work provides a preliminary understanding, it also highlights subtleties and complexities that require further investigation. It suggests, for example, that we must go beyond simple dichotomies evident in the digital natives debate to develop a more sophisticated understanding of our students' experiences of technology. Using a review of recent research findings as a starting point, this paper identifies some key issues for educational researchers, offers new ways of conceptualizing key ideas using theoretical constructs from Castells, Bourdieu and Bernstein, and makes a case for how we need to develop the debate in order to advance our understanding.
Spread of invasive Phragmites australis in estuaries with differing degrees of development: genetic patterns, Allee effects and interpretation
Authors: McCormick Melissa K. , Kettenring Karin M. , Baron Heather M. , Whigham Dennis F. 
Published: August 2010

Summary 1. The distribution of genetic variation can be interpreted to understand the timing and mechanisms of invasive species spread. Allee effects, positive relationships between fitness and density or number of conspecific individuals, can play a substantial role in determining the time lag between initial introduction and invasive spread and can produce genetic patterns in invading populations that can be interpreted to learn about factors affecting invasion mechanisms. 2. We examined the distribution of genetic variation in the invasive wetland grass Phragmites australis in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. We used microsatellite analysis to examine the reproductive mode (clonal vs. seed) by which the invasive haplotype of P. australis has spread and the distribution of genetic variation within and among brackish wetlands in nine subestuaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Watersheds associated with the subestuaries were dominated by forests, anthropogenic development or mixed forests and development. 3. Our results suggest that the invasive haplotype of P. australis has spread primarily sexually by seed, rather than clonally, and genetic diversity of patches within subestuaries increased while genetic similarity decreased with increasing development in the surrounding watershed. 4. This suggests a pattern whereby greater genetic diversity of patches may promote more rapid spread due to recruitment of multiple seedlings into a disturbed patch. 5. Synthesis. Evaluation of patterns of genetic distribution can help to identify factors affecting invasion in different environments and so inform management.