bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“We Are Against the Government, Although We Are the Government”: State Institutions and Indigenous Migrants in Baja California in the 1990s
Authors: Novo Carmen Martínez 
Published: September 2010

RESUMENEste artículo analiza el trabajo de dos agencias gubernamentales mexicanas con migrantes oaxaqueños y de otros estados del sur de México a la península de Baja Cal ifornia, localizada en la frontera entre México y Estados Unidos, durante la segunda mitad de los 1990s. Sostengo que las agencias gubernamentales promovieron que los migrantes se identiiquen como indígenas y que refuercen lo que oicialmente se entiende por su organización social tradicional. El Instituto Nacional Indigenista y la Dirección General de Educación Indígena llegaron a redeinir y expandir la categoría de indígena para mantener la frontera étnica en una situación de migración y cambio cul tural. El trabajo que los funcionarios indigenistas realizaron en los años noventa tuvo efectos complejos en Baja California: Por un lado, los migrantes reconocieron estar al tanto de sus derechos y sentirse orgullosos de su identidad étnica gracias al trabajo insti tucional. Por otro lado, el tipo de identidad promovido por las agencias estatales mexi canas no reconoció necesariamente su historia y sus experiencias, sino que les impuso una identidad indígena genérica. Esto tuvo lugar en un contexto en el que gran parte de los migrantes desean asimilarse a la sociedad nacional para mejorar económica y social‐ mente ya que trabajan en la agricultura de exportación por sueldos más bajos y en peo res condiciones que los mestizos.
To Throw the Blessing: Poetics, Prayer, and Performance in the Andes
Authors: Corr Rachel 
Published: September 2010

RESUMENLa bendición es una recontextualización indígena de oraciones Católicas dentro de un oratório Quichua que obedece a normas estéticas de ejecución deinidas culturalmente. Constituye un género de discurso que surgió a través de procesos históricos de conver sión y catecismo, y la reformulación autóctona de los rituales y textos Católicos. Con el surgimiento histórico del género también surgió una preferéncia por los “mayores” (ancianos del pueblo), vínculados al sistema de auspición de iestas, como los agentes de ejecución. La institución de este sistema sirve para mantener la sobrevivencia de los textos, ya que los patrocinadores (“alcaldes”) memorizan los textos y pasan el conoci miento a los novicios. La bendición, y otras oraciones, constituyen una clase de discurso ceremonial que es necesario para la celebración apropriada de los rituales. Analizo la oración y a los agentes como una instancia de la reformulación de los textos religiosos dentro de contextos locales, y propongo que la ejecución de la bendición merece aten ción como un acto de memoria y expresión de socialidad Andina.
Detection of Excess Influenza Severity: Associating Respiratory Hospitalization and Mortality Data With Reports of Influenza-Like Illness by Primary Care Physicians
Authors: van den Wijngaard Cees C. , van Asten Liselotte , Meijer Adam , van Pelt Wilfrid , Nagelkerke Nico J. D. , Donker Gé A. , van der Sande Marianne A. B. , Koopmans Marion P. G. 
Published: September 2010

Objectives. We explored whether excesses in influenza severity can be detected by combining respiratory syndromic hospital and mortality data with data on influenza-like illness (ILI) cases obtained from general practitioners. Methods. To identify excesses in the severity of influenza infections in the population of the Netherlands between 1999 and 2005, we looked for increases in influenza-associated hospitalizations and mortality that were disproportionate to the number of ILI cases reported by general practitioners. We used generalized estimating equation regression models to associate syndromic hospital and mortality data with ILI surveillance data obtained from general practitioners. Virus isolation and antigenic characterization data were used to interpret the results. Results. Disproportionate increases in hospitalizations and mortality (relative to ILI cases reported by general practitioners) were identified in 2003/04 during the A/Fujian/411/02(H3N2) drift variant epidemic. Conclusions. Combined surveillance of respiratory hospitalizations and mortality and ILI data obtained from general practitioners can capture increases in severe influenza-associated illness that are disproportionate to influenza incidence rates. Therefore, this novel approach should complement traditional seasonal and pandemic influenza surveillance in efforts to detect increases in influenza case fatality rates and percentages of patients hospitalized.
Use of Enabling Services by Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Other Pacific Islander Patients at 4 Community Health Centers
Authors: Weir Rosy Chang , Emerson Heidi P. , Tseng Winston , Chin Marshall H. , Caballero Jeffrey , Song Hui , Drum Melinda 
Published: September 2010

Objectives. We sought to examine the utilization and impact of enabling services, such as interpretation and eligibility assistance, among underserved Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and other Pacific Islander (AANHOPI) patients served at 4 community health centers.Methods. For this project, we developed a uniform model for collecting data on enabling services and implemented it across 4 health centers that served primarily AANHOPI patients. We also examined differences in patient characteristics between users and nonusers of enabling services.Results. Health center patients used many enabling services, with eligibility assistance being the most used service. In addition, compared with nonusers, users of enabling services were more likely to be older, female, AANHOPI, and uninsured (P < .05).Conclusions. For underserved AANHOPI patients at community health centers, enabling services are critical for access to appropriate care. We were the first to examine uniform data on enabling services across multiple health centers serving underserved AANHOPI patients. More data on enabling services and evaluation are needed to develop interventions to improve the quality of care for underserved AANHOPI patients.
Beyond Recreational Physical Activity: Examining Occupational and Household Activity, Transportation Activity, and Sedentary Behavior in Relation to Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: George Stephanie M. , Irwin Melinda L. , Matthews Charles E. , Mayne Susan T. , Gail Mitchell H. , Moore Steven C. , Albanes Demetrius , Ballard-Barbash Rachel , Hollenbeck Albert R. , Schatzkin Arthur , Leitzmann Michael F. 
Published: September 2010

Objectives. We prospectively examined nonrecreational physical activity and sedentary behavior in relation to breast cancer risk among 97 039 postmenopausal women in the National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study. Methods. We identified 2866 invasive and 570 in situ breast cancer cases recorded between 1996 and 2003 and used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate multivariate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. Routine activity during the day at work or at home that included heavy lifting or carrying versus mostly sitting was associated with reduced risk of invasive breast cancer (RR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.42, 0.91; Ptrend = .024). Conclusions. Routine activity during the day at work or home may be related to reduced invasive breast cancer risk. Domains outside of recreation time may be attractive targets for increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior among postmenopausal women.
Investing in Preventive Dental Care for the Medicare Population: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Moeller John F. , Chen Haiyan , Manski Richard J. 
Published: September 2010

Objectives. We estimated the use of preventive dental care services by the US Medicare population, and we assessed whether money spent on preventive dental care resulted in less money being spent on expensive nonpreventive procedures. Methods. We used data from the 2002 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey to estimate a multinomial logistic model to analyze the influence of predisposing, enabling, and need variables in identifying those beneficiaries who used preventive dental care, only nonpreventive dental care, or no dental care in a multiple-variable context. We used regression models with similar controls to estimate the influence of preventive care on the utilization and cost of nonpreventive dental care and all dental care. Results. Our analyses showed that beneficiaries who used preventive dental care had more dental visits but fewer visits for expensive nonpreventive procedures and lower dental expenses than beneficiaries who saw the dentist only for treatment of oral problems. Conclusions. Adding dental coverage for preventive care to Medicare could pay off in terms of both improving the oral health of the elderly population and limiting the costs of expensive nonpreventive dental care for the dentate beneficiary population.
Income Inequality, Trust, and Population Health in 33 Countries
Authors: Elgar Frank J. 
Published: September 2010

Objectives. I examined the association between income inequality and population health and tested whether this association was mediated by interpersonal trust or public expenditures on health.Methods. Individual data on trust were collected from 48 641 adults in 33 countries. These data were linked to country data on income inequality, public health expenditures, healthy life expectancy, and adult mortality. Regression analyses tested for statistical mediation of the association between income inequality and population health outcomes by country differences in trust and health expenditures.Results. Income inequality correlated with country differences in trust (r = −0.51), health expenditures (r = −0.45), life expectancy (r = −0.74), and mortality (r = 0.55). Trust correlated with life expectancy (r = 0.48) and mortality (r = −0.47) and partly mediated their relations to income inequality. Health expenditures did not correlate with life expectancy and mortality, and health expenditures did not mediate links between inequality and health.Conclusions. Income inequality might contribute to short life expectancy and adult mortality in part because of societal differences in trust. Societies with low levels of trust may lack the capacity to create the kind of social supports and connections that promote health and successful aging.
The Impact of Massachusetts’ Smoke-Free Workplace Laws on Acute Myocardial Infarction Deaths
Authors: Dove Melanie S. , Dockery Douglas W. , Mittleman Murray A. , Schwartz Joel , Sullivan Eileen M. , Keithly Lois , Land Thomas 
Published: September 2010

Objectives. We examined the rate of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) deaths in Massachusetts before and after the implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free workplace law in July 2004. Methods. We used Poisson regression models to examine the impact of the state law in cities and towns with and without previous local smoking bans and the effect of the local laws for the period of 1999 through 2006. Results. The AMI mortality rate decreased by 7.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.3%, 11.4%) after implementation of the state law. The state ban had an impact in cities and towns with no prior local smoking ban (9.2% decrease; P < .001) but not cities and towns with a prior local smoking ban. However, there was a nonsignificant 4.9% (95% CI = −5.0%, 13.9%) decrease associated with the local smoking ban that preceded the effect of the state ban. The effect of the state ban was modest (−1.6%) in the first 12 months after implementation but much larger after the first 12 months (−18.6%; P < .001). Conclusions. Comprehensive statewide smoke-free workplace laws in Massachusetts were associated with an estimated 270 fewer AMI deaths per year. These results add to the evidence suggesting that smoke-free air laws are associated with lower rates of AMI.
Income Disparities in Obesity Trends Among California Adolescents
Authors: Babey Susan H. , Hastert Theresa A. , Wolstein Joelle , Diamant Allison L. 
Published: September 2010

Objectives. We assessed income-specific trends in obesity rates among a diverse population of California adolescents. Methods. We used data from 17 535 adolescents who responded to the California Health Interview Survey between 2001 and 2007 to examine disparities in obesity prevalence by family income and gender. Results. Between 2001 and 2007, obesity prevalence significantly increased among lower-income adolescents but showed no statistically significant differences among higher-income adolescents after adjustment for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Although the overall disparity in obesity by family income doubled in this time period, trends were more consistent among male adolescents than among female adolescents. Conclusions. The magnitude of the income disparity in obesity prevalence among California adolescents more than doubled between 2001–2007. The overall leveling off of adolescent obesity prevalence rates could indicate that efforts to decrease childhood obesity are having an impact; however, our results suggest that efforts to prevent childhood obesity may be failing to help adolescents from lower-income families, particularly male adolescents.
The California Endowment's Healthy Eating, Active Communities Program: A Midpoint Review
Authors: Samuels Sarah E. , Craypo Lisa , Boyle Maria , Crawford Patricia B. , Yancey Antronette , Flores George 
Published: September 2010

Objectives. We conducted a midpoint review of The California Endowment's Healthy Eating, Active Communities (HEAC) program, which works in 6 low-income California communities to prevent childhood obesity by changing children's environments. The HEAC program conducts interventions in 5 key childhood environments: schools, after-school programs, neighborhoods, health care, and marketing and advertising. Methods. We measured changes in foods and beverages sold at schools and in neighborhoods in HEAC sites; changes in school and after-school physical activity programming and equipment; individual-level changes in children's attitudes and behaviors related to food and physical activity; and HEAC-related awareness and engagement on the part of community members, stakeholders, and policymakers. Results. Children's environments changed to promote healthier lifestyles across a wide range of domains in all 5 key childhood environments for all 6 HEAC communities. Children in HEAC communities are also engaging in more healthy behaviors than they were before the program's implementation. Conclusions. HEAC sites successfully changed children's food and physical activity environments, making a healthy lifestyle a more viable option for low-income children and their families.
Virtual Optimization of Nasal Insulin Therapy Predicts Immunization Frequency to Be Crucial for Diabetes Protection
Authors: Fousteri Georgia , Chan Jason R. , Zheng Yanan , Whiting Chan , Dave Amy , Bresson Damien , Croft Michael , von Herrath Matthias 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE
Development of antigen-specific strategies to treat or prevent type 1 diabetes has been slow and difficult because of the lack of experimental tools and defined biomarkers that account for the underlying therapeutic mechanisms.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The type 1 diabetes PhysioLab platform, a large-scale mathematical model of disease pathogenesis in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, was used to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the efficacy of nasal insulin B:9-23 peptide therapy. The experimental aim was to evaluate the impact of dose, frequency of administration, and age at treatment on Treg induction and optimal therapeutic outcome.

RESULTS
In virtual NOD mice, treatment efficacy was predicted to depend primarily on the immunization frequency and stage of the disease and to a lesser extent on the dose. Whereas low-frequency immunization protected from diabetes atrributed to Treg and interleukin (IL)-10 induction in the pancreas 1–2 weeks after treatment, high-frequency immunization failed. These predictions were confirmed with wet-lab approaches, where only low-frequency immunization started at an early disease stage in the NOD mouse resulted in significant protection from diabetes by inducing IL-10 and Treg.

CONCLUSIONS
Here, the advantage of applying computer modeling in optimizing the therapeutic efficacy of nasal insulin immunotherapy was confirmed. In silico modeling was able to streamline the experimental design and to identify the particular time frame at which biomarkers associated with protection in live NODs were induced. These results support the development and application of humanized platforms for the design of clinical trials (i.e., for the ongoing nasal insulin prevention studies).
Maria Sklodowska-Curie - scientist, friend, manager
Authors: Slavchev A. 
Published: September 2010

Maria Sklodowska-Curie - scientist, friend, manager
Great names in science represent an inexhaustible source and richness of inspiration, satisfaction and consolation, a moving and victorious force. Throughout her exemplifying life, Maria Sklodowska remained modest but with a keen sense of humor, of an outstanding style, a mine of knowledge and experience, of innovative ideas and a rich inner life. Full of love, of passion to give and to share, of natural optimism, mixed with a light melancholy, so typical for sages. She vehemently defended the love of scientific research, of the spirit of adventure and entrepreneurship and fought for international culture, for the protection of personality and talent. Maria Sklodowska left her passion to science, her dedication to work including education and training of young people, her passionate adherence to her family, her belief in her friends, her pure and profound humanity and warmth!
The paper should be a homage to her, an appreciation of her work over the years, but not less a correspondence, a conversation with her! On the other hand, the present solemn occasion resuscitates the personalities of Maria and Pierre Curie and their work, in particular of Maria Sklodowska in her own native land! In this manner, it truly contributes to her immortality!
Concept of a BNCT line with in-pool fission converter at MARIA reactor in Swierk
Authors: Pytel Krzysztof , Andrzejewski Krzysztof , Golnik Natalia , Osko Jakub 
Published: September 2010

Concept of a BNCT line with in-pool fission converter at MARIA reactor in Swierk
BNCT facility in the Institute of Atomic Energy in Otwock-Swierk is under construction at the horizontal channel H2 of the research reactor MARIA. Measurements of the neutron energy spectrum performed at the front of the H2 experimental channel, have shown that flux of epithermal neutrons (above 10 keV) at the BNCT irradiation port was below 109 n cm-2 s-1 i.e. it was too low to be directly used for the BNCT treatment. Therefore, a fission converter will be placed between the reactor core and the periphery of the graphite reflector of MARIA reactor. The uranium converter will be powered by the densely packed EK-10 fuel elements with 10% enrichment. Preliminary calculations have shown that the total neutron flux in the converter will be about 1013 n cm-2 s-1 and flux of epithermal neutrons at the entrance to the filter/moderator of the beam will be about 2·1013 n cm-2 s-1.
Fibre tracking: probabilistic approach and preliminary results
Authors: Torresin A. , Moscato A. , Minella M. , Cardinale F. , Minati L. , Aquino D. 
Published: September 2010

Fibre tracking: probabilistic approach and preliminary results
The aim of this work is to have a preliminary experience with probabilistic tractography. We performed fibres reconstruction for three tracts of interest with data obtained from two MR imaging units equipped with different gradients system. An acquisition protocol optimization has been necessary in order to obtain a good trade-off between image quality and data collection time. Possible solutions to acquisition and processing problems are discussed. Future developments and possible applications in neurosurgery are also suggested.
The Feeling Brain — The Thinking Soul
Authors: Gáliková Silvia 
Published: September 2010

The Feeling Brain — The Thinking Soul
Recent advances in neuroscience have dramatically improved our understanding of human emotional states. With the help of new technologies and models, scholars are beginning to unravel the "mystery" of emotional life. Confusions in contemporary emotion studies are due to the traditional model of a person as a rational conscious agent. The paper highlights two problematic aspects of this prevailing model: the relation between emotion and reason and the relation between emotion and consciousness. Firstly, it is claimed that the difference between emotions and thoughts does not transcend their mutual interconnectivity. Secondly, conscious content and emotional responses are both products of specialized emotion systems that operate unconsciously. Both claims are supported by experimental findings and clinical practice.
Palaeo-Valleys in the Region of the Słupia River Mouth
Authors: Florek Wacław , Rudowski Stanisław , Szefler Kazimierz 
Published: September 2010

Palaeo-Valleys in the Region of the Słupia River Mouth
Basing on results of detailed hydroacoustic research, the geological structure of the bottom to 20-22 m b.s.l. has been studied. The palaeo-Słupia palaeo-valley, buried by a thin cover of marine sands, has been recognized and determined. Some stages of valley development may be distinguished. The deposits of the oldest valley are C14 dated at ca. 21 ka BP. But in the main stage, the valley was formed by action of the subglacial and thawing glacial waters during and after the so-called Gardno Phase. Most probably this valley was connected with the Pomeranian ice margin valley. The next stages of the valley's development were related with changes of the palaeo-Słupia under conditions of the Litorina transgression. The youngest palaeo-Słupia valley is, in the authors' opinion, related with a shallow, long incision, weakly marked in the sea bottom in the central part of the studied area. Field investigations were carried out by the Department of Operational Oceanography of the Maritime Institute in Gdańsk from the r/v Dr Lubecki. A DESO 15 echosounder, Subbottom Profilers model 3010 and the X Star system were used. Eight vibrocores (core length up to 3 m) were taken from the sea bottom and three borings (10-17 m depth) were executed on the shore. Accurate positioning was obtained using the DGPS and HYDRO and Track Point Systems. All data were digitally recorded and processed.
Forest Cover Dynamics in the City of Poznań from 1830 to 2004
Authors: Macias Andrzej , Dryjer Marta 
Published: September 2010

Forest Cover Dynamics in the City of Poznań from 1830 to 2004
Forests on the urban areas are of a great importance for the biodiversity of this territory. Moreover, they play numerous functions in the environment and constitute, at present, on important element of the ecological urban system. Nevertheless, the changes of the forest areas in the city of Poznań have never been discussed so far. This article presents the results of research of the changes of forest areas in Poznań within the administrative borders of Poznań in 2004. It was performed for the period 1830-2004 for six selected moments in which topographic maps of this area were prepared i.e. 1830, 1888, 1940, 1960, 1979 and 2004 During this period forest area increased by 2367 ha. The effect of numerous afforestations and deforestations is that forest area which was not subject to these treatments from 1830 to 2004 constitutes only 481 ha (14.6% of forest areas of Poznań). Four periods of dynamics of changes of forest areas were distinguished. During the last one, taking place presently, forest area has decreased slightly. In the case of Poznań, maintaining forests is significant from the point of view of their importance not only for functioning of green wedges but also the whole environment of this city. Therefore, one of the directions of spatial development of the city of Poznań should be maintaining and increasing forest areas as the element of the implementation of sustainable development principles.