bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome in neutropenic cancer patients
Authors: Mokart Djamel , van Craenenbroeck Thomas , Lambert Jérôme , Textoris Julien , Brun Jean-Paul , Sannini Antoine , Chow-Chine Laurent , Hamouda Smail , Fouché Louis , Ettori Florence , Faucher Marion , Blache Jean-Louis 
Published: December 2011

To date, no study has been specifically designed to identify determinants of death in neutropenic cancer patients presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The aim of this study was to identify early predictive factors of 28-day mortality in these patients. Factors associated with 28-day mortality during intensive care unit (ICU) stay were also described.70 consecutive cancer patients with ARDS and neutropenia were prospectively analysed over a 6-yr period.Mortality at 28 days was 63%. Factors independently associated with good prognosis were: lobar ARDS (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.02–0.48), use of initial antibiotic treatment active on difficult to treat bacteria (ticarcillin-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa,Stenotrophomonas maltophiliaor extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing strains) (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.02–0.33) and first-line chemotherapy (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.02–0.37). During the ICU stay, mortality was associated with the markers of organ dysfunctions, the absence of neutropenia recovery and the use of vasopressors. During the first 3 weeks, the conditional probability of discharge alive from ICU did not decrease.At ICU admission, first-line chemotherapy, lobar ARDS and antibiotic treatment active on difficult-to-treat bacteria were associated with survival. During ICU stay, mortality was associated with organ dysfunctions and use of vasopressors. Most survivors have an ICU stay of >3 weeks.
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection decreases the efficacy of an attenuated classical swine fever virus (CSFV) vaccine
Authors: Huang Yu-Liang , Pang Victor Fei , Lin Chun-Ming , Tsai Yi-Chieh , Chia Mi-Yuan , Deng Ming-Chung , Chang Chia-Yi , Jeng Chian-Ren 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The Lapinized Philippines Coronel (LPC) vaccine, an attenuated strain of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), is an important tool for the prevention and control of CSFV infection and is widely and routinely used in most CSF endemic areas, including Taiwan. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PCV2 infection affects the efficacy of the LPC vaccine. Eighteen 6-week-old, cesarean-derived and colostrum-deprived (CDCD), crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to four groups. A total of 105.3 TCID50 of PCV2 was experimentally inoculated into pigs through both intranasal and intramuscular routes at 0 days post-inoculation (dpi) followed by LPC vaccination 12 days later. All the animals were challenged with wild-type CSFV (ALD stain) at 27 dpi and euthanized at 45 dpi. Following CSFV challenge, the LPC-vaccinated pigs pre-inoculated with PCV2 showed transient fever, viremia, and viral shedding in the saliva and feces. The number of IgM+, CD4+CD8-CD25+, CD4+CD8+CD25+, and CD4-CD8+CD25+ lymphocyte subsets and the level of neutralizing antibodies against CSFV were significantly higher in the animals with LPC vaccination alone than in the pigs with PCV2 inoculation/LPC vaccination. In addition, PCV2-derived inhibition of the CSFV-specific cell proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was demonstrated in an ex vivo experiment. These findings indicate that PCV2 infection decreases the efficacy of the LPC vaccine. This PCV2-derived interference may not only allow the invasion of wild-type CSFV in pig farms but also increases the difficulty of CSF prevention and control in CSF endemic areas.
MicroRNA-184 downregulates nuclear receptor corepressor 2 in mouse spermatogenesis
Authors: Wu Jingwen , Bao Jianqiang , Wang Li , Hu Yanqin , Xu Chen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundThere have been increasing attentions on the role of small RNAs, especially microRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation during spermatogenesis. MicroRNA-184 (miR-184) has been shown to be mainly expressed in the testis and brain, and that its expression levels are by far the highest in the testis. However, the role of miR-184 in mammalian spermatogenesis remains unclear.ResultsIn this study, we demonstrated that miR-184 levels were increased during mouse postnatal testis development. Specifically, miR-184 expression was restricted to the germ cells from spermatogonia to round spermatids. Overexpression of miR-184 promoted the proliferation of a germ cell line, GC-1spg. Moreover, miR-184 downregulatednuclear receptor corepressor 2(Ncor2) by targeting its 3' untranslated region through inhibiting NCOR2 protein translation.ConclusionsMiR-184 may be involved in the post-transcription regulation of mRNAs such asNcor2in mammalian spermatogenesis.
Profiling ascidian promoters as the primordial type of vertebrate promoter
Authors: Okamura Kohji , Yamashita Riu , Takimoto Noriko , Nishitsuji Koki , Suzuki Yutaka , Kusakabe Takehiro G , Nakai Kenta 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
CpG islands are observed in mammals and other vertebrates, generally escape DNA methylation, and tend to occur in the promoters of widely expressed genes. Another class of promoter has lower G+C and CpG contents, and is thought to be involved in the spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression. Non-vertebrate deuterostomes are reported to have a single class of promoter with high-frequency CpG dinucleotides, suggesting that this is the original type of promoter. However, the limited annotation of these genes has impeded the large-scale analysis of their promoters.

Results
To determine the origins of the two classes of vertebrate promoters, we chose Ciona intestinalis, an invertebrate that is evolutionarily close to the vertebrates, and identified its transcription start sites genome-wide using a next-generation sequencer. We indeed observed a high CpG content around the transcription start sites, but their levels in the promoters and background sequences differed much less than in mammals. The CpG-rich stretches were also fairly restricted, so they appeared more similar to mammalian CpG-poor promoters.

Conclusions
From these data, we infer that CpG islands are not sufficiently ancient to be found in invertebrates. They probably appeared early in vertebrate evolution via some active mechanism and have since been maintained as part of vertebrate promoters.
Altered sense of Agency in children with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Ritterband-Rosenbaum Anina , Christensen Mark S , Kliim-Due Mette , Petersen Line Z , Rasmussen Betina , Nielsen Jens B 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Children diagnosed with spastic Cerebral Palsy (CP) often show perceptual and cognitive problems, which may contribute to their functional deficit. Here we investigated if altered ability to determine whether an observed movement is performed by themselves (sense of agency) contributes to the motor deficit in children with CP.

Methods
Three groups; 1) CP children, 2) healthy peers, and 3) healthy adults produced straight drawing movements on a pen-tablet which was not visible for the subjects. The produced movement was presented as a virtual moving object on a computer screen. Subjects had to evaluate after each trial whether the movement of the object on the computer screen was generated by themselves or by a computer program which randomly manipulated the visual feedback by angling the trajectories 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 degrees away from target.

Results
Healthy adults executed the movements in 310 seconds, whereas healthy children and especially CP children were significantly slower (p < 0.002) (on average 456 seconds and 543 seconds respectively). There was also a statistical difference between the healthy and age matched CP children (p = 0.037). When the trajectory of the object generated by the computer corresponded to the subject's own movements all three groups reported that they were responsible for the movement of the object. When the trajectory of the object deviated by more than 10 degrees from target, healthy adults and children more frequently than CP children reported that the computer was responsible for the movement of the object. CP children consequently also attempted to compensate more frequently from the perturbation generated by the computer.

Conclusions
We conclude that CP children have a reduced ability to determine whether movement of a virtual moving object is caused by themselves or an external source. We suggest that this may be related to a poor integration of their intention of movement with visual and proprioceptive information about the performed movement and that altered sense of agency may be an important functional problem in children with CP.
Shrinking projection algorithms for equilibrium problems with a bifunction defined on the dual space of a Banach space
Authors: Chen Jia-wei , Je Cho Yeol , Wan Zhongping 
Published: December 2011

AbstractShrinking projection algorithms for finding a solution of an equilibrium problem with a bifunction defined on the dual space of a Banach space, in this paper, are introduced and studied. Under some suitable assumptions, strong and weak convergence results of the shrinking projection algorithms are established, respectively. Finally, we give an example to illustrate the algorithms proposed in this paper.2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 47H09; 65J15; 90C99.
Bidirectional remodeling of β1-integrin adhesions during chemotropic regulation of nerve growth
Authors: Carlstrom Lucas P , Hines Jacob H , Henle Steven J , Henley John R 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Chemotropic factors in the extracellular microenvironment guide nerve growth by acting on the growth cone located at the tip of extending axons. Growth cone extension requires the coordination of cytoskeleton-dependent membrane protrusion and dynamic adhesion to the extracellular matrix, yet how chemotropic factors regulate these events remains an outstanding question. We demonstrated previously that the inhibitory factor myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) triggers endocytic removal of the adhesion receptor β1-integrin from the growth cone surface membrane to negatively remodel substrate adhesions during chemorepulsion. Here, we tested how a neurotrophin might affect integrin adhesions.

Results
We report that brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) positively regulates the formation of substrate adhesions in axonal growth cones during stimulated outgrowth and prevents removal of β1-integrin adhesions by MAG. Treatment of Xenopus spinal neurons with BDNF rapidly triggered β1-integrin clustering and induced the dynamic formation of nascent vinculin-containing adhesion complexes in the growth cone periphery. Both the formation of nascent β1-integrin adhesions and the stimulation of axon extension by BDNF required cytoplasmic calcium ion signaling and integrin activation at the cell surface. Exposure to MAG decreased the number of β1-integrin adhesions in the growth cone during inhibition of axon extension. In contrast, the BDNF-induced adhesions were resistant to negative remodeling by MAG, correlating with the ability of BDNF pretreatment to counteract MAG-inhibition of axon extension. Pre-exposure to MAG prevented the BDNF-induced formation of β1-integrin adhesions and blocked the stimulation of axon extension by BDNF.

Conclusions
Altogether, these findings demonstrate the neurotrophin-dependent formation of integrin-based adhesions in the growth cone and reveal how a positive regulator of substrate adhesions can block the negative remodeling and growth inhibitory effects of MAG. Such bidirectional remodeling may allow the growth cone to rapidly adjust adhesiveness to the extracellular matrix as a general mechanism for governing axon extension. Techniques for manipulating integrin internalization and activation state may be important for overcoming local inhibitory factors after traumatic injury or neurodegenerative disease to enhance regenerative nerve growth.
Female employees' perceptions of organisational support for breastfeeding at work: findings from an Australian health service workplace
Authors: Weber Danielle , Janson Anneka , Nolan Michelle , Wen Li Ming , Rissel Chris 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Background
Women's return to work can be a significant barrier to continued breastfeeding. Workplace policies and practices to promote and support continued, and longer duration of, breastfeeding are important. In the context of the introduction of a new breastfeeding policy for Area Health Services in New South Wales, Australia, a baseline survey was conducted to describe current practices and examine women's reports of perceived organisational support on breastfeeding intention and practice.

Methods
A cross sectional survey of female employees of the Sydney South West Area Health Service was conducted in late 2009. A mailed questionnaire was sent to 998 eligible participants who had taken maternity leave over the 20-month period from January 2008 to August 2009. The questionnaire collected items assessing breastfeeding intentions, awareness of workplace policies, and the level of organisational and social support available. For those women who had returned to work, further questions were asked to assess the perceptions and practices of breastfeeding in the work environment, as well as barriers and enabling factors to combining breastfeeding and work.

Results
Returning to work was one of the main reasons women ceased breastfeeding, with 60 percent of women intending to breastfeed when they returned to work, but only 40 percent doing so. Support to combine breastfeeding and work came mainly from family and partners (74% and 83% respectively), with little perceived support from the organisation (13%) and human resources (6%). Most women (92%) had received no information from their managers about their breastfeeding options upon their return to work, and few had access to a room specially designated for breastfeeding (19%). Flexible work options and lactation breaks, as well as access to a private room, were identified as the main factors that facilitate breastfeeding at work.

Conclusions
Enabling women to continue breastfeeding at work has benefits for the infant, employee and organisation. However, this baseline study of health employees revealed that women felt largely unsupported by managers and their organisation to continue breastfeeding at work.
The HB22.7 Anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody enhances bortezomib-mediated lymphomacidal activity in a sequence dependent manner
Authors: Martin Shiloh M , Churchill Eric , McKnight Hayes , Mahaffey Christopher M , Ma Yunpeng , O'Donnell Robert T , Tuscano Joseph M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMost non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) initially respond to chemotherapy, but relapse is common and treatment is often limited by chemotherapy-related toxicity. Bortezomib, is a highly selective proteasome inhibitor with anti-NHL activity; it is currently FDA approved for second-line treatment of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Bortezomib exerts its activity in part through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and also by the induction of apoptosis.We previously validated CD22 as a potential target in treating NHL and have shown that the anti-CD22 ligand blocking antibody, HB22.7, has significant independent lymphomacidal properties in NHL xenograft models. We sought to determine whether or not these agents would work synergistically to enhance cytotoxicity. Our results indicate that treatment of NHL cell lines with HB22.7 six hours prior to bortezomib significantly diminished cell viability. These effects were not seen when the agents were administered alone or when bortezomib was administered prior to HB22.7. Additionally, HB22.7 treatment prior to bortezomib increased apoptosis in part through enhanced ROS generation. Finally, in a mouse xenograft model, administration of HB22.7 followed 24 hours later by bortezomib resulted in 23% smaller tumor volumes and 20% enhanced survival compared to treatment with the reverse sequence. Despite the increased efficacy of HB22.7 treatment followed by bortezomib, there was no corresponding decrease in peripheral blood cell counts, indicating no increase in toxicity. Our results suggest that pre-treatment with HB22.7 increases bortezomib cytotoxicity, in part through increased reactive oxygen species and apoptosis, and that this sequential treatment combination has robust efficacyin vivo.
The future of psychiatry
Authors: Oyebode Femi , Humphreys Martin 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThere is widespread concern among psychiatrists that the profession is in crisis and that it faces an array of external and internal challenges. Indeed, some observers have questioned whether the psychiatrist is an endangered species. This paper argues that medical specialties can become extinct as the case of the apothecaries exemplifies. The training template for psychiatry in the UK was put in place 40 years ago and there is a need to carefully examine whether it is still fit for purpose. Advances in theoretical knowledge and in basic understanding of psychiatric disorders have not significantly influenced the structure of clinical placements; rather it is service developments and administrative demands that have been the determinants of changes in training. Urgent action is required to address the need for reform of training that will ensure the future of psychiatry as a profession.
Mental health law training should be mandatory for all doctors
Authors: Schofield Christopher 
Published: December 2011

SummaryOver many years and with various pieces of new legislation there are significant gaps in doctors' knowledge about mental health law. It is time to ensure that doctors know the law and can apply it to the patients they see. Practising legally and not detaining or allowing people to leave hospital inappropriately should be a mandatory part of training for every doctor no matter what the specialty. Medical schools, deaneries, training programme directors and the General Medical Council should take up the challenge and ensure good-quality training for all doctors to ensure good-quality care in this area is given to all patients.
The Health of Men: Structured Inequalities and Opportunities
Authors: Williams David R. 
Published: December 2011

I have summarized in this article data on the magnitude of health challenges faced by men in the United States.Across a broad range of indicators, men report poorer health than women. Although men in all socioeconomic groups are doing poorly in terms of health, some especially high-risk groups include men of low socioeconomic status (SES) of all racial/ethnic backgrounds, low-SES minority men, and middle-class Black men. Multiple factors contribute to the elevated health risks of men. These include economic marginality, adverse working conditions, and gendered coping responses to stress, each of which can lead to high levels of substance use, other health-damaging behaviors, and an aversion to health-protective behaviors.The forces that adversely affect men’s health are interrelated, unfold over the life course, and are amenable to change.
Evaluation of effects of high incubation temperatures on results of protozoal culture and real-time PCR testing for Tritrichomonas foetus inoculated in a commercially available self-contained culture media system
Authors: Davidson John M. , Ondrak Jeff D. , Anderson Arn A. , Swinford Amy K. , Erol Erdal 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effects of high incubation temperatures on results of protozoal culture and real-time PCR testing for Tritrichomonas foetus inoculated in a commercially available self-contained culture media system.
Design—In vitro experimental study.
Sample—2 strains of T foetus (1 field isolate from the University of California-Davis and 1 field isolate from the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory).
Procedures—2 sets of 36 dual-chamber media pouches were inoculated with T foetus (36 sample pouches/strain) and incubated at temperatures of 37.0°C (98.6°F), 46.1°C (115.0°F), or 54.4°C (130.0°F) for 1, 3, 6, or 24 hours. Six uninoculated media samples in pouches stored at 37.0°C for the entire treatment period were used as negative controls. Pouches were removed from incubators and stored at 22.2°C (72.0°F) until all treatments were complete. Samples were submitted to a diagnostic laboratory for protozoal culture and real-time PCR testing.
Results—T foetus was detectable microscopically in inoculated pouches incubated at 37.0°C regardless of exposure time, whereas those incubated at 46.1°C yielded T foetus after 1 and 3 hours only, and those incubated at 54.4°C yielded T foetus after 1 hour only. Testing via real-time PCR assay yielded positive results for all inoculated media samples and negative results for all uninoculated control samples.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Samples collected into the self-contained culture media system for T foetus testing via culture alone should be protected from high temperatures. Realtime PCR amplification may be a more reliable method for identification of the organism if storage and transport temperatures cannot be controlled.
Group Decision Making: Integrating Different Interests into a Joint Decision
Authors: Rajkovič Vladislav 
Published: December 2011

Group Decision Making: Integrating Different Interests into a Joint Decision
The paper discusses group decision making as a way of managing decision knowledge. Described are pros and cons of group decision making. Special emphasis is given to the leveraging of different interests and possibilities of formulating a joint decision. Available methods and techniques together with a properly organized group work can make a substantial contribution.
Mystical Harmony of Nikolaj Losskij with Vladimír Hoppe
Authors: Sládek Karel 
Published: December 2011

Mystical Harmony of Nikolaj Losskij with Vladimír Hoppe
The article presents a mystical harmony of Nikolaj Losskij with Vladimír Hoppe. Losskij and Hoppe were very spiritually close to each other because both of them followed from mystic tradition of Christianity through which they consequently analyzed, sorted out and classified knowledge of philosophers and mystics of all religions. Losskij reflected Hoppe several times in his studies and liked introducing his thinking in the context of harmony with his own knowledge. Hoppe's transcendental "I" is analogous to Losskij's concept of a substantial "I". The mystic affinity of Losskij and Hoppe who independently of each other came to similar opinions formed a basis for their spontaneous friendship.