bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization and analysis of apodized fiber Bragg grating properties for quasi-distributed sensing
Authors: Mandal Himadri Nirjhar , Sidhishwari Soumya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An apodized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is introduced with a proposed apodization function for the effective quasi-distributed sensing estimation of the temperature and the strain. FBG features such as reflectivity, side lobes, and bandwidth have been optimized for the designed apodized grating to upgrade the effectiveness of FBG for properly measuring the variations in the Bragg wavelength. Based upon the simulation, a comparative analytical study on FBG properties with different apodization function profiles has been demonstrated to achieve the optimum profile with high reflectivity, narrow bandwidth and minimal range of side lobes for quasi-distributed sensing estimation of parameters. A strong linearity has been noted for the sensitivity of designed FBG with different apodization profiles for the temperature and the strain estimation subsequently. It has been reported that the obtained sensitivity of measurands for the FBG with proposed apodization profile are higher as compared with the other profiles. The wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) based quasi-distributed network of four optimized FBGs have been implemented for different apodization profiles to illustrate the impact of apodization to prevent overlapping between neighbouring FBG spectrums in the sensing network with spatial resolution of 2 nm. The maximal detectable temperature/strain sensitivity estimation of 153 °C/1439 μϵ have been obtained for the proposed apodized FBG along with minimal detectable temperature/strain ranges of −102 °C/−1345 μϵ in the quasi-distributed network. The achieved ranges with optimum resolution can be implemented effectively in quasi-distributed based sensing application for condition observation of civil infrastructures in any complex circumstances.
Detailed Monte Carlo simulations on secondary radiation emissions of polymer based neutron shielding materials
Authors: Korkut Hatun , Korkut Turgay 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Since radiation safety is a sensitive issue in terms of health, this situation poses a significant problem. In order to raise awareness among researchers while preparing future studies on this problem, in this study, the interactions between fast neutrons and 10 different polymer-based shielding materials determined from the literature were modeled with the GEANT4 Monte Carlo code. The fast neutron shielding performances of the samples and the emitted secondary radiation and radioactivity have been reported. When evaluated number and mean energies of created particles, in order to solve this problem, the sum of the risk factors obtained by multiplying these values for each sample can provide us with the opportunity to make a more accurate evaluation. When these values are examined, sample P9 is at the top of the risk ranking with a value of 1823472, while sample P6 is at the bottom with a value of 146246. As a result, it has been revealed that these samples, which have good fast neutron shielding properties, also produce high levels of radiation and radioactive nuclei.
Realisation of the triple-point of Argon: comparison between two devices
Authors: Lopardo G , Dematteis R , Steur P P M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A new cryostat for the realization of the triple-point of the argon (83.8058 K), a defining fixed point of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90), was acquired at Italian National Metrological Institute (INRiM). The new system, manufactured by Fluke, is intended to substitute the current National reference, a model developed at BNM-INM in the 1975. The main difference between the two system is in the way to control the temperature. In the BNM-INM device the temperature is controlled adjusting the pressure of liquid nitrogen bath, in the Fluke system instead, an electrical heater wrapped around the argon cell is used, following cryogenic practice. This paper describes the result of the direct comparison and shows typical phase transitions obtained with the two argon systems. Then, a complete uncertainty budget is evaluated for the new Fluke system and compared with the National standard.
Fidelity and entanglement of random bipartite pure states: insights and applications
Authors: Biswas George , Hu Shao-Hua , Wu Jun-Yi , Biswas Debasish , Biswas Anindya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We investigate the fidelity of Haar random bipartite pure states from a fixed reference quantum state and their bipartite entanglement. By plotting the fidelity and entanglement on perpendicular axes, we observe that the resulting plots exhibit non-uniform distributions. The distribution depends on the entanglement of the fixed reference quantum state used to quantify the fidelity of the random pure bipartite states. We find that the average fidelity of typical random pure bipartite qubits within a narrow entanglement range with respect to a randomly chosen fixed bipartite qubit is

1

4

. Extending our study to higher dimensional bipartite qudits, we find that the average fidelity of typical random pure bipartite qudits with respect to a randomly chosen fixed bipartite qudit remains constant within a narrow entanglement range. The values of these constants are

1

d

2

, with d being the dimension of the local Hilbert space of the bipartite qudit system, suggesting a consistent relationship between entanglement and fidelity across different dimensions. The probability distribution functions of fidelity with respect to a product state are analytically studied and used as a reference for the benchmarking of distributed quantum computing devices.
Low-frequency broadband valley transport for acoustic topology based on extended resonance
Authors: Liang Xiao , Luo Jiangxia , Chu Jiaming , Liang Haofeng , Meng Daxiang , Zhang Zhi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes an extended resonant structure to solve the problem that topological acoustic waveguides have a narrow bandwidth at low frequencies. This acoustic structure consists of a two-dimensional structure and a resonant cavity in the three-dimensional direction, and its essence is to extend the resonant cavity in the two-dimensional structure to the three-dimensional direction. The problem that the size of the resonant cavity is limited by the size of the two-dimensional structure can be solved by this special extension. At the same time, the resonant cavity can be maximized in the three-dimensional direction. The topological properties of the original structure are not affected as long as the radius of the resonant cavity is widened without changing the symmetry of the overall composite structure. The rotating scatterer remains a reliable method for realizing topological phase transitions. The effect of the resonant cavity length on the band position is obtained using the finite element method, and it is demonstrated that the topological acoustic waveguide has a wide operating band at low frequencies. Simulation results show that this structure still has a bandgap width of 100 Hz at a low frequency of 350 Hz. The topological acoustic waveguide structure proposed in this paper can provide a new idea for the study of low-frequency broadband acoustic topology, which promotes the control of low-frequency acoustic waves by the topological acoustic waveguide.
Leaky wave antenna loaded complementary elements with dual-stopband suppression
Authors: Chen Junjiang , Su Jinlong , Hu Fei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a periodic leaky wave antenna (PLWA) using complementary elements is proposed. The complementary elements of the transverse slot (horizontal magnetic current) and the monopole pairs (vertical electric current) in the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is employed as the radiation element, which can simultaneously suppress closed stopband β
0
p = π and open stopband (OSB) β

−1
p = 0 to enhance the forward scanning of the LWA. Additionally, the gain and cross-polarization of the element are improved due to the loading of the monopole pairs. The LWA achieves forward and backward scanning from −73° to 10° when operating at the n = −1 spatial harmonic (SH), with corresponding gains of 11.5 to 15.4 dBi. When operating at the n = 0 SH, it achieves forward scanning from 58° to 72°, with corresponding gains of 5.2 to 7.5 dBi. Moreovere, due to the element and its symmetrical structure, the cross-polarization within the entire operating frequency range is less than −35 dB. The design concept is validated through processed, fabricated, and tested.
Enhanced Blandford Znajek jet in loop quantum black hole
Authors: Jiang Hong-Xuan , Dihingia Indu K. , Liu Cheng , Mizuno Yosuke , Zhu Tao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process powers energetic jets by extracting the rotating energy of a Kerr black hole. It is important to understand this process in non-Kerr black hole spacetimes. In this study, we conduct two-dimensional and three-dimensional two-temperature General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of magnetized accretion flows onto a rotating Loop-Quantum black hole (LQBH). Our investigation focuses on the accretion flow structure and jet launching dynamics from our simulations. We observe that the loop quantum effects increase the black hole angular frequency for spinning black holes. This phenomenon intensifies the frame-dragging effect, leading to an amplification of the toroidal magnetic field within the funnel region and enhancement of the launching jet power. It is possible to fit the jet power following a similar fitting formula of the black hole angular frequency as seen in the Kerr black hole. Based on the General Relativistic Radiation Transfer (GRRT) calculation, we find that the jet image from LQBH has a wider opening angle and an extended structure than the Kerr BH.
Study on structural and material dependence of Rhodium Self-powered Neutron Detector performance
Authors: Wan Bo , Li Gang , Li Kun , Li Dan , Huang Qichang , Xia Yuan , Wei Wenbin , Luo Ying , Wang Miao , Yang Daibo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The neutron measurement properties of Rh-SPNDs are greatly
affected by their geometric constructions, which needs to be
optimized while designing. This effect is reflected in the
sensitivities for gamma and neutron detection. However, the
influence on gamma sensitivity has not been fully analyzed before,
which is of the same importance as neutron sensitivity. Therefore,
it is necessary to quantitatively analyze the relationship between
detector sensitivity and geometric dimensions. The effect of Rh-SPND
structural and material parameters on neutron and gamma
sensitivities has been calculated and analyzed through numerical
simulations. The research results show that detector sensitivities
are strongly depending on the detector size and its emitter
shape. Moreover, the detector response to exogenous reactor gamma
can be eliminated by optimizing the detector collector size.
Impacts of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport on tropospheric ozone in southeastern China: insights from ozonesonde observations
Authors: Hong Jin , Wang Hongyue , Wang Wuke , Zhu Jintao , Deng Huiying , Wang Hong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Tropospheric ozone pollution poses a major environmental challenge in China. As its primary natural source, Stratosphere-to-Troposphere Transport (STT) has been recognized as a significant contributor to tropospheric ozone in western, northeastern, and eastern China. However, the extent of STT’s influence on southeastern China has been less studied due to data limitations. Using a recently available one-year dataset of ozonesonde observations from a regional background station, we find that STT contributes significantly to tropospheric and surface ozone elevation in southeastern China. Our results show that STT plays a more substantial role in shaping tropospheric ozone during spring than previously believed, accounting for over 30% of ozone concentrations above 4 km. Without the stratospheric contribution, the spring seasonal peak almost disappears. STT can also significantly influence ozone concentrations at the surface. For example, a distinct ozone profile was observed on 4 May 2022, with a notable increase in tropospheric ozone. This tropospheric ozone increase was caused by a STT event triggered by a robust horizontal trough and subsequent southward movement of subtropical jets in the upper troposphere. According to a stratospheric tracer derived from an atmospheric chemistry model, this STT event contributed to 25%–30% of the surface ozone increase. Overall, this study highlights the important role of STT in driving tropospheric ozone variations, even in regions with comparatively lower ozone levels in southeastern China.
Farming system archetypes help explain the uptake of agri-environment practices in Europe
Authors: Václavík Tomáš , Beckmann Michael , Bednář Marek , Brdar Sanja , Breckenridge George , Cord Anna F , Domingo-Marimon Cristina , Gosal Arjan , Langerwisch Fanny , Paulus Anne , Roilo Stephanie , Šarapatka Bořivoj , Ziv Guy , Čejka Tomáš 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The adoption of agri-environment practices (AEPs) is crucial for safeguarding the long-term sustainability of ecosystem services within European agricultural landscapes. However, the tailoring of agri-environment policies to the unique characteristics of farming systems is a challenging task, often neglecting local farm parameters or requiring extensive farm survey data. Here, we develop a simplified typology of farming system archetypes (FSAs), using field-level data on farms’ economic size and specialisation derived from the Integrated Administration and Control System in three case studies in Germany, Czechia and the United Kingdom. Our typology identifies groups of farms that are assumed to react similarly to agricultural policy measures, bridging the gap between efforts to understand individual farm behaviour and broad agri-environmental typologies. We assess the usefulness of our approach by quantifying the spatial association of identified archetypes of farming systems with ecologically relevant AEPs (cover crops, fallow, organic farming, grassland maintenance, vegetation buffers, conversion of cropland to grassland and forest) to understand the rates of AEP adoption by different types of farms. Our results show that of the 20 archetypes, economically large farms specialised in general cropping dominate the agricultural land in all case studies, covering 56% to 85% of the total agricultural area. Despite regional differences, we found consistent trends in AEP adoption across diverse contexts. Economically large farms and those specialising in grazing livestock were more likely to adopt AEPs, with economically larger farms demonstrating a proclivity for a wider range of measures. In contrast, economically smaller farms usually focused on a narrower spectrum of AEPs and, together with farms with an economic value <2 000 EUR, accounted for 70% of all farms with no AEP uptake. These insights indicate the potential of the FSA typology as a framework to infer key patterns of AEP adoption, thus providing relevant information to policy-makers for more direct identification of policy target groups and ultimately for developing more tailored agri-environment policies.
An improved hypoplastic model incorporating intergranular strain for overconsolidated clay
Authors: Zhou Yong , Shi Zhenhao , Qian Jiangu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hypoplastic constitutive models are able to describe overconsolidated behaviors of clay with a single nonlinear tensor function using a set of parameters. For instance, an advanced hypoplastic model by Wang and Wu (2020) has successfully reproduced overconsolidated history by incorporating a structure tensor. To simulate the recent stress history effects and the stiffness variations at small strains of clay, the intergranular strain tensor is introduced by Niemunis and Herle (1997) to reproduce stress-path dependent stiffness of clay. The improved hypoplastic model is examined against experiments on overconsolidated Chicago clay. It is evidently concluded that the improved model is capable of replicating stress-path dependency on the small-strain behavior of overconsolidated clay.
A novel CFD-DEM coupling method with moving boundary for simulating one-dimensional consolidation test
Authors: He J H , Li M G , Chen J J , Xiao X 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The conventional CFD-DEM coupling method fails to dynamically modify the position of the drainage boundary during the simulation of one-dimensional consolidation tests (1d CT), resulting in inaccuracies in the numerical results. In this study, a novel CFD-DEM coupling method with moving boundaries is proposed to simulate 1d CT where the fluid boundary adaption and internal mesh reconstruction are implemented with reference to the real-time morphology of the consolidation specimen. Additionally, the convective terms in Navier-Stokes equations are modified to account for the moving drainage boundary and the equation of state (EOS) is introduced to consider fluid compressibility. A series of 1d CTs based on the traditional fixed boundary and the moving boundary are subsequently conducted for comparison. Moreover, the influence of fluid compressibility and mesh coarseness on the consolidation characteristics is briefly discussed. The proposed method is verified to serve well in revealing the underlying microscopic mechanism of the Mandel-Cryer effect and complementing the traditional consolidation theories.
Statistical correlation between HSS model parameters and the method of parameter valuation
Authors: Zhang Liqin , Zhou Xiaowen , Zhu Jianfeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Small-strain hardened soil model is suitable for fine numerical simulation because it considers the compression and shear hardening of soil. However, setting the parameters of the model is difficult. Based on the analysis of the physical meaning of each parameter and the statistical analysis of parameter values of the small strain model reported by researchers, the empirical relationship between several parameters is obtained in this study. Accordingly, valuation methods of parameters are discussed.
Experimental study on the influence of principal stress axes rotation on sand mechanical behavior and non-coaxiality effects
Authors: Zhu Wenxuan , Ye Guanlin , Lin Nan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The soil around the foundations of offshore engineering experienced the principal stress axes rotation caused by the wave loadings. To investigate the influence of the principal stress axes rotation on the soil stress-strain relationship, a series of pure principal stress axes rotation tests under drained/undrained conditions were carried out with a hollow cylinder apparatus. The undrained test results show that the deviatoric stress, relative density, and starting point of rotation affect the mechanical properties of sand. Through the analysis of pore water pressure accumulation in the 1st cycle, it was observed that more pore pressure accumulates in Quadrants II and III, while relatively less accumulates in Quadrants I and IV. Under drained and undrained conditions, the non-coaxial behavior of the soil differs. The non-coaxiality can be significantly observed in the drained test, and the direction of strain increment tends to the stress increment direction when the cycle number increases.
Deformation and strength degradation mechanism of weathered mudstone soil during dry-wet process based on a developed DEM approach
Authors: Zhang H , Zhao E P , Che D L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The soils suffer dry-wet cycles in nature and engineering due to the change of temperature, rainfall and the fluctuation of the groundwater level. The shrinkage-swelling deformation and mechanical properties evolve with the variations of moisture content during a dry-wet process was investigated by laboratory dry-wet cycle tests of a weathered mudstone soil. A DEM approach was developed for simulating the mechanical behaviors during the dry-wet process of the studied soil, considering the shrinkage-swelling deformation by adjusting the shrinkage or swelling ratio of the clay aggregate particles. The irreversible shrinkage-swelling deformation mechanism and the strength degradation mechanism were revealed. The results showed the developed DEM simulations can represent the deformation and the mechanical properties of soils during the dry-wet process. The shrinkage rate of soil decreases with the moisture content from saturation value to 5%, due to the reduction of the shrinkage potence of the clay aggregates. The irreversible shrinkage deformation of soils during a dry-wet process is because the limit swell potence of clay aggregate particles during the wetting process, leading to the swell during the wetting less than the shrinkage during the drying process. The strength degradation was divided into reversible portion mainly affect by the moisture content, and the irreversible portion affected by the meso-crack evolution during the dry-wet process. The large increase of meso-crack number during the drying leads to the rapid reduction of irreversible soil strength, while the decrease of porosity leads the increase of particle contacts and healing of the irreversible soil strength.
Micromechanics of multiphase geomaterials based on micro-CT image analysis: unsaturated soil, vegetated soil, and bio-cementation
Authors: Wang Jipeng , Luan Jiyuan , Li Mengchen , Sha Junfeng , Qi Meng , Dadda Abdelali , Viggiani Gioacchino 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Under the influence of climate change, extreme weather events such as rainstorms may induce fluctuations in soil water content above the groundwater level, thereby causing geological disasters (e.g., landslides). To mitigate these hazards, green and low-carbon engineering measures such as vegetation reinforcement and bio-cementation are proposed. This study investigates the micromechanical properties of multiphase geomaterials—unsaturated soil, vegetation-reinforced sand, and bio-cemented sand—utilizing high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scanning technology and associated image analysis techniques. The findings are presented as follows: (1) a 4D examination of the macroscopic and microscopic behaviors of unsaturated granular materials under triaxial loading conditions was conducted using self-designed in situ CT scanning equipment. (2) Triaxial loading alters the distribution of phase interfacial surfaces in unsaturated soil, affecting its overall strength. This loading also increases the anisotropy of the solid skeleton and suction stress. (3) The global saturation of the root–soil complex diminishes with root growth, with pore distribution significantly influencing local saturation. (4) In the unsaturated MICP process, low-saturation conditions are preferable for effective cementation, although the saturation levels should be restricted to 20%. After calcification, the particle contact coordination number increases, maintaining the isotropy in the contact between the soil particles.