bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-Related Quality of Life in Long-Term Survivors of Testicular Cancer
Authors: Rossen Philip Blach , Pedersen Anette Fischer , Zachariae Robert , von der Maase Hans 
Published: October 2009

Purpose A growing number of patients with testicular cancer (TC) become long-term survivors. As a consequence, quality-of-life (QOL) issues become increasingly important. The objective of this study was to investigate QOL among Danish TC survivors. Methods A long-term follow-up assessment of all patients with TC treated at Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark between 1990 and 2000 was conducted. A total of 401 survivors (response rate, 66%) completed questionnaires concerning QOL (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30), depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II), fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20), and health-related issues such as neurotoxic symptoms and Raynaud-like phenomena. On the basis of their treatment, participants were categorized as having received surveillance, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. Results QOL among patients with TC was equal to that of men from the general population. Although patients who received chemotherapy reported higher levels of peripheral sensory neuropathy, ototoxicity, and Raynaud-like phenomena, treatment strategies were generally unrelated to QOL and depressive symptoms. Conclusion Overall, the patients in this study reported high levels of QOL. The results suggest that patients treated for TC should be informed about the anticipated good post-therapeutic QOL and the low risk of psychosocial and physical long-term effects.
Association of Molecular Markers With Toxicity Outcomes in a Randomized Trial of Chemotherapy for Advanced Colorectal Cancer: The FOCUS Trial
Authors: Braun Michael S. , Richman Susan D. , Thompson Lindsay , Daly Catherine L. , Meade Angela M. , Adlard Julian W. , Allan James M. , Parmar Mahesh K.B. , Quirke Philip , Seymour Matthew T. 
Published: October 2009

Purpose Predicting efficacy and toxicity could potentially allow individualization of cancer therapy. We investigated putative pharmacogenetic markers of chemotherapy toxicity in a large randomized trial. Patients, Materials, and Methods Patients were randomly assigned to different sequences of chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer. First-line therapy was fluorouracil (FU), irinotecan/FU (IrFU) or oxaliplatin/FU (OxFU). Patients allocated first-line FU had planned second-line irinotecan alone, IrFU, or OxFU. The primary toxicity outcome measure was toxicity-induced delay or dose reduction; the secondary outcome was Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events grade ≥ 3 toxicity. DNA was analyzed in 1,188 patients; 1,036 were assessable for the primary outcome, including 688 treated with FU, 270 with IrFU (first or second line), 280 with OxFU (first or second line), 184 with irinotecan alone, and 454 with any irinotecan-containing regimen. Ten polymorphisms were assessed: thymidylate synthase–enhancer region (TYMS-ER), thymidylate synthase 1494 (TYMS-1494), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), mutL homolog 1 (MLH1), UDP glucuronyltransferase (UGT1A1), ATP-binding cassette group B gene 1 (ABCB1), x-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1), glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), and excision repair cross-complementing gene 2 (ERCC2). Results Using the primary outcome measure, no polymorphism was significantly associated (P < .01) with the toxicity of any regimen or with the difference in toxicity of IrFU or OxFU versus FU alone. Trends (of doubtful significance) were seen for associations of XRCC1, ERCC2, and GSTP1 with toxicity during irinotecan regimens: XRCC1, primary end point, any irinotecan-containing regimen (P = .045); ERCC2, secondary end point, irinotecan alone (P = .003); GSTP1, secondary end point; IrFU (P = .039); and irinotecan alone (P = .05). There was no evidence of association of UGT1A1*28 with irinotecan toxicity. Conclusion These results do not support the routine clinical use of the evaluated polymorphisms, including UGT1A1*28. Further investigation of XRCC1, ERCC2, and GSTP1 as potential predictors of irinotecan toxicity is warranted.
Phase III Randomized Comparison of Gemcitabine Versus Gemcitabine Plus Capecitabine in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Cunningham David , Chau Ian , Stocken Deborah D. , Valle Juan W. , Smith David , Steward William , Harper Peter G. , Dunn Janet , Tudur-Smith Catrin , West Julia , Falk Stephen , Crellin Adrian , Adab Fawzi , Thompson Joyce , Leonard Pauline , Ostrowski Joe , Eatock Martin , Scheithauer Werner , Herrmann Richard , Neoptolemos John P. 
Published: October 2009

PurposeBoth gemcitabine (GEM) and fluoropyrimidines are valuable treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. This open-label study was designed to compare the overall survival (OS) of patients randomly assigned to GEM alone or GEM plus capecitabine (GEM-CAP).Patients and MethodsPatients with previously untreated histologically or cytologically proven locally advanced or metastatic carcinoma of the pancreas with a performance status ≤ 2 were recruited. Patients were randomly assigned to GEM or GEM-CAP. The primary outcome measure was survival. Meta-analysis of published studies was also conducted.ResultsBetween May 2002 and January 2005, 533 patients were randomly assigned to GEM (n = 266) and GEM-CAP (n = 267) arms. GEM-CAP significantly improved objective response rate (19.1% v 12.4%; P = .034) and progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.93; P = .004) and was associated with a trend toward improved OS (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.02; P = .08) compared with GEM alone. This trend for OS benefit for GEM-CAP was consistent across different prognostic subgroups according to baseline stratification factors (stage and performance status) and remained after adjusting for these stratification factors (P = .077). Moreover, the meta-analysis of two additional studies involving 935 patients showed a significant survival benefit in favor of GEM-CAP (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.98; P = .02) with no intertrial heterogeneity.ConclusionOn the basis of our trial and the meta-analysis, GEM-CAP should be considered as one of the standard first-line options in locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Serum Markers of Bone Turnover Are Increased at Six and 18 Months after Roux-En-Y Bariatric Surgery: Correlation with the Reduction in Leptin
Authors: Bruno Carolina , Fulford Angie D. , Potts Jenna R. , McClintock Ronald , Jones RoseMarie , Cacucci Brenda M. , Gupta Christine E. , Peacock Munro , Considine Robert V. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to examine serum markers of bone turnover at 6 and 18 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.
Participants: Ten women and 10 men [body mass index (BMI), 50.2 ± 8.4 kg/m2] were studied at 6 months; 10 women and nine men (BMI, 47.2 ± 6.6 kg/m2) were studied at 18 months after surgery.
Main Outcome Measures: Serum osteocalcin, bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), N-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTX), PTH, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, and leptin were measured.
Results: BMI was reduced 32.7 ± 6.2% at 6 months after surgery. Serum osteocalcin (6.9 ± 2.4 to 10.9 ± 2.6 ng/ml; P &lt; 0.0001), BAP (14.2 ± 3.7 to 16.4 ± 4.5 ng/ml; P = 0.04), and NTX (10.9 ± 1.7 to 19.6 ± 5.3 nm bone collagen equivalents; P &lt; 0.0001) were increased. Calcium, phosphate, and PTH were unchanged, but 25-hydroxy vitamin D increased (16.0 ± 8.9 vs. 26.9 ± 10.6 ng/ml; P &lt;0.0001). The increase in NTX correlated with reduction in serum leptin (r = 0.58; P = 0.007). BMI was reduced 40.9 ± 7.5% at 18 months after surgery. Serum BAP (17.6 ± 5.3 to 22.2 ± 7.8 ng/ml; P = 0.0017) and NTX (10.8 ± 2.7 to 16.9 ± 5.5 nm bone collagen equivalents; P &lt; 0.0001) were increased. Calcium, phosphate, and PTH were unchanged, but 25-hydroxy vitamin D increased (17.7 ± 7.6 to 25.6 ± 6.8 ng/ml; P &lt; 0.0001). The increase in NTX correlated with reduction in BMI (r = 0.58; P = 0.009) and leptin (r = 0.45; P = 0.04) and the increase in serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (r = 0.43; P = 0.05). In multiple regression (adjusted model R2 0.263; P = 0.013), reduction in leptin was a significant predictor of increase in NTX (P = 0.016), but changes in BMI and 25-hydroxy vitamin D were not.
Conclusions: Weight loss after bariatric surgery is associated with long-term increase in serum markers of bone turnover. The increase in NTX is related to the decrease in leptin, which may signal caloric restriction to the skeleton.
Photocatalytic Aerobic Epoxidation of Alkenes under Visible Light Irradiation by an Iron(III) Porphyrin with Mg–Al Hydrotalcite Anionic Clay
Authors: Teramura Kentaro , Ogura Kentaro , Sugimoto Takashi , Tsuneoka Hideo , Shishido Tetsuya , Tanaka Tsunehiro 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of cyclohexene catalyzed by 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyriniron(III) chloride [Fe(TPFPP)Cl] under visible light irradiation, the coexistence of solid bases was found to enhance the selectivity to cyclohexene oxide drastically. In the absence of solid bases, however, only the allylic oxidation of cyclohexene was catalyzed by the porphyrin complex acting as a sensitizer. Among the various metal oxides investigated, hydrotalcite exhibited the highest conversion of cyclohexene and selectivity to cyclohexene oxide.
Estimating Breeding Values With Molecular Relatedness and Reconstructed Pedigrees in Natural Mating Populations of Common Sole, Solea Solea
Authors: Blonk Robbert J W , Komen Hans , Kamstra Andries , van Arendonk Johan A M 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Captive populations where natural mating in groups is used to obtain offspring typically yield unbalanced population structures with highly skewed parental contributions and unknown pedigrees. Consequently, for genetic parameter estimation, relationships need to be reconstructed or estimated using DNA marker data. With missing parents and natural mating groups, commonly used pedigree reconstruction methods are not accurate and lead to loss of data. Relatedness estimators, however, infer relationships between all animals sampled. In this study, we compared a pedigree relatedness method and a relatedness estimator (“molecular relatedness”) method using accuracy of estimated breeding values. A commercial data set of common sole, Solea solea, with 51 parents and 1953 offspring (“full data set”) was used. Due to missing parents, for 1338 offspring, a pedigree could be reconstructed with 10 microsatellite markers (“reduced data set”). Cross-validation of both methods using the reduced data set showed an accuracy of estimated breeding values of 0.54 with pedigree reconstruction and 0.55 with molecular relatedness. Accuracy of estimated breeding values increased to 0.60 when applying molecular relatedness to the full data set. Our results indicate that pedigree reconstruction and molecular relatedness predict breeding values equally well in a population with skewed contributions to families. This is probably due to the presence of few large full-sib families. However, unlike methods with pedigree reconstruction, molecular relatedness methods ensure availability of all genotyped selection candidates, which results in higher accuracy of breeding value estimation.
The California Bearing Ratio Method for The Design of Flexible Roads and Runways
Authors: Davis E. H. 
Published: October 2009

Introduction One of the most important applications of soil mechanics to road and airfield engineering is to the calculation of the thickness and strength of pavement which has to be placed on a soil formation to provide a stable riding surface. Such calculation is known as pavement design. For the purposes of pavement design, types of construction are divided into two classes: rigid pavements which are partly or entirely composed of concrete, and gexiile pavements which are composed of bituminous materials usually on a base of macadam or pitching. This paper is solely concerned with the design of flexible pavements. In recent years a considerable number of methods of pavement design has been proposed for flexible pavements. Some of these methods are empirical and are based on experience of the performance of different roads or runways. Others are based on theoretical considerations of the stresses or strains involved and the remainder are based on a combination of the theoretical and empirical approaches. All the methods relate the thickness of construction to the strength of the soil on which the pavement is founded (the subgrade) and to the traffic conditions, the severity of which is usually given in terms of the maximum wheel load of the traffic using the pavement. The many methods available can give widely different results. The theoretical aspects involved are not yet fully understood so that it is probably true to say that at present the empirical type of method generally gives more reliable results than the theoretical type. It should be realised that until comparatively recently the design of roads and runways often took little account of the type and condition of the soil foundation and that the use of any rational method of design represents an important advance in road and airfield engineering. It was considered at the Road Research Laboratory that the. first aim should be to produce a reliable empirical method of pavement design for British conditions; the more theoretical approach has not, however, been neglected and a mathematical theory of thestresses in layered elastic systems has been developed by Fox (Ref. 1) and experimental work is in hand to check the values given by this theory. Experience with a number of methods of pavement design has shown that an empirical method, known as the California bearing ratio (C.B.R.) method, was likely to prove the most suitable for use in this country, and this method was therefore selected for study. The present paper describes this method, and the investigations that have been made at the Road Research Laboratory to determine its reliability and the best procedure for its use.
The Soil of a Dirt Racetrack
Authors: Chapman L. J. 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis This short article describes the soil and sawdust mixture used as a cushion on a horse-racing track in Toronto, Canada. It consists of 12 per cent clay. 30 per cent silt, 55 per cent fine sand and 3 per cent coarse sand. A 3-inch layer of this soil mixed with a layer of hemlock sawdust 1 inch thick has given good service for 5 years. It was recénditioned after 4 years with another 1-inch dressing of sawdust. L'article décrit briè le mélange de terre et de sciure employé sur le circuit d'un champ de courses à Toronto, Canada. Le mélange est composé de 12 pour cent d'argile, 30 pour cent de limon, 55 pour cent de sable fin et 3 pour cent de gros sable. L'emploi d'une couche de trois pouces de profondeur de ce mèlange avec une couche de un pouce de sciure de sapin du Canada a donné de bons résultats pendant cinq ans. Après quatre ans, le circuit fut remis en ètat par l'addition d'une couche suppl`mentaire de un pouce de sciure.
Some Tests on Bored Piles in London Clay
Authors: Golder H. Q. , Leonard M. W. 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis The paper, describes, and gives the results of three loading tests carried out on bored piles constructed in the London clay at kensal Green Gas Works. Two of the tests were carried up to the ultimate load of the piles. During the boring for the piles, samples of clay were taken for teats. and in two of the borings, loading tests were carried out on plates placed at the bottom of the boring at three different depths. Further strength tests on clay from the same site are quoted, and a correlation is made between the shear strength and the loading tests. The results of the loading tests on piles do not agree with the value given by the Meyerhof-Murdock formula. Further loading tests on bored piles in London clay at other sites are quoted in which the test load satisfactorily carried (not the ultimate load) is con- siderably higher than the ultimate given by Meyerhof and Murdock. A method of design suggested by the Authors is stated. Cette communication décrit et donne les résultats de trois essais de charge effectués sur des pieux forés, enfoncés dans l'argile de Londree a` usine à gaz de Kensal Green. Deux des essais ont été effectés jusqy'a` la charge limite des pieux. Pendant le forage, dee échantillons d'argile ont été prélevés, et en deux des sondages, des essais de charge out été effectués sur des plaquea se trouvaut au fond du sondage à trois profondeurs différentes. On cite d'autres essais de résistance sur l'argile provenant du même terrain, et on établit une corrélation entre la résistance au cisaillement et les essais de charge. Les résultats des essais de charge sur les pieux ne s'accordent pas avec la valeur donnée par la. formule Meyerhof-Murdock. On cite des essaie supplémentaires sur des pieux forésenfoncés dane l'argile de Londres en d'autres terrains, Où la charge d'essai portée d'une façon satisfaisante (non la charge limite) est beaucoup plus élevée. que la charge limite citée par Meyerhof et Murdock. Une méthode de construction proposée par les auteurs est donnée
Foundation of Structures on Over-Consolidated clay Layers in São Paulo
Authors: Vargas Milton 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis The problem of determining the settlement and bearing capacity of building and bridge foundations on partially-saturated, over-consolidated clay layers is approached in this Paper from an experimental point of view. The data for this study have been provided by the fast development of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, which is built on an extremely heterogeneous clayey formation. Emphasis is given to the relation between geological formations and foundation problems, each stratum having its peculiarities, a consideration of great importance in the solution of specific problems. As would be expected, the φ= 0 method for determination of the bearing capacity of foundation on these clays is not always quite valid. Although settlements of foundations on over-consolidated clay layers are not important they can be predicted with fair accuracy if certain assumptions are made. Le problème qui consiste à déterminer l'effet detassement et la capacité de portage des fondations de bâtiments et de ponts sur des couches argileuses en partie saturées et surtassées est traité dans cet Article d'un point de vue expérimental. Les donées pour cette étude ont été fournies par le développement rapide de la ville de São Paulo, au Brésil, cette ville étant bâtie sur une formation argileuse très hétérogène. L'auteur y souligne en particulier le rapport entre les formations géologiques et les problèmes de fondations, chaque couche géologique ayant ses particularités dont l'étude est d'une grande importance pour la solution de problèmes déterminés. Comme on peut le prévoir, la méthode φ = 0, pour le calcul de la capacité de portage des fondations sur une telle argile, n'est pas toujours tout à fait valable. Bien que le tassement des fondations sur des couches d'argile surtassée ne soit pas de grande importance, on peut cependant en prédire l'ampleur avec quelque précision, si certaines suppositions sont faites.
A Rapid Method Of Determining in-situ CBR Values
Authors: Robinson P. J. M. , Lewis Tobias 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis The Paper relates how difficulties in using the CBR test led to the trial of two other types of soil bearing test in an effort to reduce the time taken to determine the bearing capacity in situ of an area of soil. Preliminary trials showed one of these, the 3-in. plate failure load test, to possess potentially satisfactory performance. Further experiments showed that the relationship: log10 (CBR) = 0·76837 log10 (plate load in lb.) – 1·64422 exists. When applying this in field work it should be remembered that the 3-in. plate measures the CBR value at a different depth below the surface from the CBR plunger. Nous exposons ci-dessous comment des difficultés dans l'emploi de l'essai CBR nous a menés à l'épreuve de deux autres méthodes de déterminer la force portante du sol afin de réduire le temps nécessaire pour déterminer la force portante d'un périmètre de terrain in situ. Des essais préliminaires ont démontré que l'un d'entre ceux-ci, l'essai de charge de rupture sur un cercle de 3 pouces, a une fonction potentiellement satisfaisante. Les examens supplémentaires ont révéléque le rapport: log10 (CBR) = 0·76837 log10 (la charge sur le cercle en livres) – 1·64422 extste. Quant à l'application de ceci dans les travaux sur le terrain, il faut se rappeler que le cercle de 3 pouces mesure la valeur CBR à une profondeur différente à celle du plongeur CBR.
A Comparison of Values of liquid Limit Determined with Apparatus Having Bases of Different Hardness
Authors: Norman L. E. J. 
Published: October 2009

Synopsis A comparison has been made of the values of liquid limit of five clay soils determined with apparatus having bases of different hardnesses including one with a base of plastic material known as Micarta No. 221, stated to have the hardness required by the American standard test, and an apparatus with a base the hardness of which was as specified in the British specification, B.S. 1377: 1948. Tests were all made to determine the effect of any difference in the measured value of liquid limit on the “activity” of the clay soils and their shear strengths. The American Micarta base was considerably harder than the hardness required by the British Standard, and the machine with the Micarta base gave values of liquid limit which were, in terms of moisture content, 3 to 4% less than those obtained with the machine with the base having the B.S. hardness. The effect of this difference on the “activity” of the clay soils was a 9 to 16% decrease in “activity” when the machine with the Micarta base was used. The shear strengths of the five clay soils were 25 to 50% greater at the liquid limits measured with the machine with the Micarta base than at the liquid limit measured with the machine with the base having the B.S. hardness. On a comparé les valeurs de limite de liquidité de cinq sols argileux, déterminées par appareils à bases de duretés différentes, dont une à base en matière plastique connue sous le nom de Micarta No. 221, certifiée comme ayant la dureté demandée l'épreuve américaine normale, et un appareil à base dont la dureté était celle spécifiée dans la spécification britannique, B.S. 1377: 1948. Les essais furent tous faits pour déterminer l'effet de toute différence dans la valeur mesurée de la limite de liquidité sur “l'activité” des sols argileus et leurs résistances au cisaillement. La base américaine Micarte était considérablement plus dure que la dureté demandée selon la norme britannique et la machine à base Micarta donna des valeurs de limite de liquidité qui étaient en termes de teneur en eau, 3 à 4% inférieurs à ceux obtenus avec la machine à base de dureté B.S. L'effet de cette différence sur “l'activité” des sols argileux fut une diminution de 9 à 16% de “l'activité” lorsqu'on utilisa la machine à base Micarta. Les résistances au cisaillement des cinq sols argileux étaient 25 à 50% plus grandes aux limites de liquidité mesurées avec la machine à base Micarta qu'à la limite de liquidité mesureé avec la machine a base de duretè spécification britannique.