bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suture reinforcement using a modified cyanoacrylate glue prevents anastomotic leak in colorectal surgery: A prospective multicentre randomised trial.
Authors: Tomasicchio Giovanni , Martines Gennaro , Tartaglia Nicola , Buonfantino Massimo , Restini Enrico , Carlucci Barbara , Giove Carlo , Dezi Agnese , Ranieri Chiara , Logrieco Gaetano , Vincenti Leonardo , Ambrosi Antonio , Altomare Donato Francesco , De Fazio Michele , Picciariello Arcangelo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Anastomotic leakage (AL) is the most frequent life-threating complication following colorectal surgery. Several attempts have been made to prevent AL. This prospective, randomised, multicentre trial aimed to evaluate the role of nebulised modified cyanoacrylate in preventing AL after rectal surgery
Methods
Patients submitted to colorectal surgery for carcinoma of the high-medium rectum across five high-volume centres between June 2021 and January 2023 entered the study and were randomized into group A (anastomotic reinforcement with cyanoacrylate) and group B (no reinforcement) and followed-up for 30 days. Anastomotic reinforcement was performed via nebulization of 1 cc of a modified cyanoacrylate glue. Preoperative features and intraoperative and post-operative results were recorded and compared. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID number: NCT03941938).
Results
133 out of 152 patients (control group, n = 72; cyanoacrylate group, n = 61) completed the follow-up. Clavien–Dindo complications grade >2 were significantly higher in the control group (12.5% vs. 3.3%, p=0.04). ALs were detected in nine patients (12.5%) in the control group (four grade B and five grade C) and in four patients (6.6%), in the cyanoacrylate group (three grade B and one grade C); however, despite this trend, the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.36). No adverse effects were reported.
Conclusion
Use of modified Cyanoacrylate application to seal colorectal anastomoses is safe and could help to reduce severe post-operative complications; however, its role in the AL prevention remains unclear.
Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in indoor work environments by Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Marchesiello Wadir Mario Valentino , Spadaccino Giuseppina , Usman Muhammad , Nardiello Donatella , Quinto Maurizio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are continuously emitted into the atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources and rapidly spread from the atmosphere to different environments. A large group of VOCs has been included in the class of air pollutants, therefore, their determination and monitoring using reliable and sensitive analytical methods represents a key aspect of health risk assessment. In this work, an untargeted approach is proposed for the evaluation of the exposure to volatile organic compounds of workers in an engine manufacturing plant by GC-MS measurements, coupled with Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME). The analytical procedure was optimized in terms of SPME fiber, adsorption time, desorption time, and temperature gradient of the chromatographic run. For the microextraction of VOCs, the SPME fibers were exposed to the air in two different zones of the manufacturing factory, i.e., in the mixing painting chamber and the engine painting area. Moreover, the sampling was carried out with the painting system active and running (system on) and with the painting system switched off (system off). Overall, 212 compounds were identified, but only 17 were always present in both zones (mixing painting chamber and engine painting area), regardless of system conditions (on or off). Finally, a semi-quantitative evaluation was performed considering the peak area value of the potentially most toxic compounds by multivariate data analyses.
Optimization of additively manufactured parts for direct screwing
Authors: Moritzer Elmar , Held Christian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The combination of additive manufacturing and direct screwing can reduce the limitations of the additive manufacturing such as long manufacturing times and high costs for expanding building spaces. Direct screwing allows components to be assembled into larger components and added to assemblies for functional integration. Therefore, large building spaces can be avoided and useful integration of additive components into serial production is possible. While guidelines for direct screwing of injection molded thermoplastic components are provided by the German Welding Society, there are no recommendations for additively manufactured components. Preliminary investigation at the Kunststofftechnik Paderborn have shown that recommendations for injection molded components cannot be applied to additively manufactured components. Since the layered manufacturing process additively manufactured components are anisotropic, the strength of the components depends on the build orientation. For the optimization, the geometry and the shape of additively manufactured screw domes are varied. To account for the anisotropy, the screw domes are built in three different orientations. The goal is to improve the strength of additively manufactured screw domes and to prevent delamination in critical orientations. The results show that a suitable shape optimization was found that improves the strength and neglects the occurrence of delamination.
Application of Machine Learning to Forecast Drought Index for the Mekong Delta
Authors: Duc Phong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Droughts have a substantial effect on water resources, agriculture, and ecosystems on a worldwide scale. In the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, droughts exacerbated by climate change are significantly endangering the region's agricultural sustainability and output. Conventional forecasting techniques frequently do not capture the intricate dynamics of meteorological phenomena associated to drought effectively, prompting the exploration of more advanced methodologies. This work utilises artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning methods like Gradient Boosting and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), to enhance drought prediction in the Mekong Delta. The study utilises data from 11 meteorological stations spanning from 1990 to 2022 to create and evaluate Machine Learning models based on several climatic factors. We utilise Gradient Boosting and XGBoost algorithms to estimate the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and evaluate their effectiveness in comparison to conventional forecasting techniques. The results show that Machine Learning, particularly XGBoost, surpasses traditional approaches in predicting SPEI accuracy at various time scales. XGBoost demonstrates skill in understanding the complex relationships between climatic factors, with R² values falling between 0.90 and 0.94 for 1-month forecasts. The progress highlights the potential of Machine Learning in improving drought management and adaptation tactics, proposing the incorporation of Machine Learning forecasting models into decision-making processes to enhance drought resistance in susceptible areas.
Pre-analytical validity of arterial blood gas samples: A prospective experimental study on changes derived from time delay and mechanical stress
Authors: Gutermuth Max , Ihmsen Harald , Krischke Frederick , Moritz Andreas , Prottengeier Johannes 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Time delays and mechanical stress of samples obtained for Point of Care (POC) blood gas analyses are common; however, their influence on the results of these analyses has not been systematically investigated. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of prolonged time before analysis and mechanical manipulation on pre-analytical stability of biomarkers and thus the validity of the results of blood gas analyses.
Methods: We collected blood samples from 240 patients in a university surgical intensive care unit. These samples were immediately analyzed following the clinical standard operating procedures. Subsequently, the sample containers were allowed to rest for 60 min, then subjected to standardized mechanical forces, and analyzed again. We analyzed 13 typical blood gas biomarkers, comprising respiratory gases, electrolytes, and protein biomarkers. Bland–Altman plots were prepared to analyze the differences between the test runs. The differences between the test groups were compared against the official limits of accuracy specified in the German requirements for quality assurance of medical laboratory tests.
Results: For hemoglobin, creatinine, glucose, and electrolytes (including calcium, sodium, chlorine, and bicarbonate), the agreement between the immediate and post-interference-treatment analyses was within the ranges specified in the official requirements. For pH and potassium, the deviations were outside the quality assurance ranges but within a clinically acceptable measurement accuracy. Only oxygen partial pressure and lactate levels were altered to such an extent that they can no longer be used for clinical purposes.
Conclusion: Even after a 60 minutes time delay and excessive mechanical stress, selected blood gas analysis biomarkers such as Hemoglobin, Glucose, Sodium, Calcium, Chloride, and Bicarbonate could be considered valid. Potassium and pCO2 were altered but suitable for approximation purposes. Findings for pO2 and Lactate were generally incorrect. In the future, in selected settings, these findings can aid in reducing unnecessary blood sampling in vulnerable patients.
Structural Basis of Frizzled 7 Activation and Allosteric Regulation
Authors: Schulte Gunnar , Bous Julien , Kinsolving Julia , Grätz Lukas , Scharf Magdalena , Voss Jan , Slecuk Bercay , Adebali Ogün 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Frizzleds (ten paralogs: FZD1 − 10) belong to the class F of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which remains poorly understood despite its crucial role in multiple key biological functions including embryonic development, stem cell regulation, and homeostasis in the adult. FZD7, one of the most studied members of the family, is more specifically involved in the migration of mesendoderm cells during the development and renewal of intestinal stem cells in adults. Moreover, FZD7 has been highlighted for its involvement in tumor development predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract. This study reports the structure of inactive FZD7, without any stabilizing mutations, determined by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) at 1.9Å resolution. We characterized a fluctuating water pocket in the core of the receptor important for FZD7 dynamics. Molecular dynamics simulations were then used to investigate the temporal distribution of those water molecules and their importance for potential conformational changes in FZD7. Moreover, we identified lipids interacting with the receptor core and a conserved cholesterol-binding site, which displays a key role in FZD7 association with a transducer protein, Dishevelled (DVL), and initiation of downstream signaling and signalosome formation.
Teaser
Structural analysis of FZD7 reveals a water pocket and a functional cholesterol critical for receptor signaling.
An early warning of the risks of crossing global warming thresholds
Authors: Jackson Lawrence , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich , Rosen Debbie , Forster Piers 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The question of if or when the 1.5°C Paris Agreement threshold is crossed is of great public and scientific interest. A single year above 1.5°C does not necessarily imply that the Paris Agreement threshold is reached but may provide warning of crossing 1.5°C. We find that, under current emissions policies, annual temperatures exceeding 1.5°C in three individual years suggests that it is very likely (90-100% chance) that human-induced global warming has reached 1.5°C. A single year above 1.5°C could occur up to 12 years (very likely range) before the Paris Agreement threshold is reached. A single year above 1.4°C, as occurred in 2023, suggests a crossing of the Paris Agreement threshold within 7-14 years (likely range) under current policies. The observed global temperature change in 2023 is an urgent warning of the need for stringent emissions reductions in this critical decade to keep the Paris Agreement 1.5°C threshold within reach.
ROCK inhibitor and viscosity of gelatin promote hepatic differentiation by regulating organelles in human umbilical cord matrix-mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Choi Jiwan , Kang Seoon , An Hye-In , Kim Chae-Eun , Lee Sanghwa , Pack Chan-Gi , Yoon Young-In , Jin Hana , Cho Yong-Pil , Kim Chong Jai , Namgoong Jung-Man , Kim Jun Ki , Tak Eunyoung 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Human mesenchymal stem cells originating from umbilical cord matrix are a promising therapeutic resource, and their differentiated cells are spotlighted as a tissue regeneration treatment. However, there are limitations to the medical use of differentiated cells from human umbilical cord matrix-mesenchymal stem cells (hUCM-MSCs), such as efficient differentiation methods.
Methods
To effectively differentiate hUCM-MSCs into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), we used the ROCK inhibitor, fasudil, which is known to induce endoderm formation, and gelatin, which provides extracellular matrix to the differentiated cells. To estimate a differentiation efficiency of early stage according to combination of gelatin and fasudil, transcription analysis was conducted. Moreover, to demonstrate that organelle states affect differentiation, we performed transcription, tomographic, and mitochondrial function analysis at each stage of hepatic differentiation. Finally, we evaluated hepatocyte function based on the expression of mRNA and protein, secretion of albumin, and activity of CYP3A4 in mature HLCs.
Results
Fasudil induced endoderm-related genes (GATA4, SOX17, and FOXA2) in hUCM-MSCs, and it also induced lipid droplets (LDs) inside the differentiated cells. However, the excessive induction of LDs caused by fasudil inhibited mitochondrial function and prevented differentiation into hepatoblasts. To prevent the excessive LDs formation, we used gelatin as a coating material. When hUCM-MSCs were induced into hepatoblasts with fasudil on high-viscosity (1%) gelatin-coated dishes, hepatoblast-related genes (AFP and HNF4A) showed significant upregulation on high-viscosity gelatin-coated dishes compared to those treated with low-viscosity (0.1%) gelatin. Moreover, other germline cell fates, such as ectoderm and mesoderm, were repressed under these conditions. In addition, LDs abundance was also reduced, whereas mitochondrial function was increased. On the other hand, unlike early stage of the differentiation, low viscosity gelatin was more effective in generating mature HLCs. In this condition, the accumulation of LDs was inhibited in the cells, and mitochondria were activated. Consequently, HLCs originated from hUCM-MSCs were genetically and functionally more matured in low-viscosity gelatin.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated an effective method for differentiating hUCM-MSCs into hepatic cells using fasudil and gelatin of varying viscosities. Moreover, we suggest that efficient hepatic differentiation and the function of hepatic cells differentiated from hUCM-MSCs depend not only on genetic changes but also on the regulation of organelle states.
Interaction between soils physicochemical properties and fungal communities in different Tunisian agroecosystems
Authors: Rhouma Abdelhak , Hajji-Hedfi Lobna , Oukid Djalel , Kouadri Mohamed El Amine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Soil fungi are vital members of the soil ecosystem, performing a multitude of functions critical for ecosystem health. This study examined the relationship between soil properties and fungal communities in Tunisian agroecosystems. Soil characteristics like pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density, and nutrient content displayed significant variations across the studied crops. These variations suggest the need for tailored irrigation and fertilization practices for optimal plant growth. Fungal abundance also varied significantly, with pomegranate (P. granatum cv. Gabsi: 14.82 x 10⁵ CFU/g of soil) harboring the most abundant community, while tomato (S. lycopersicum cvs. Firenze and Dorra: 0.92 x 10⁵ and 0.66 x 10⁵ CFU/g of soil, respectively) exhibited the least. Similarly, Trichoderma spp. abundance followed the same pattern (2.02 x 10⁵, 0.04 x 10⁵, and 0.06 x 10⁵ CFU/g of soil, respectively). Analysis revealed that fungal abundance increased in soils with low salinity, compaction, and clay content, but increased more in environments rich in organic matter, nutrients, and well-drained sandy textures. Furthermore, a preference for a higher soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio suggests fungi favor readily available carbon sources for growth. In Tunisian agroecosystems, soil properties significantly influenced fungal abundance and composition across crops. This highlights the need for tailored management practices to promote both plant growth and beneficial fungi, with a focus on maintaining good soil health for diverse fungal communities.
Human resource for people with disabilities: scale design, development and validation
Authors: Zhang Xiaotian , Liu Shushan , Wang Lei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The concept of viewing people with disabilities (PWDs) as a valuable human resource has developed alongside the evolution of the disability paradigm and the modern economy. Nevertheless, the full potential of PWDs as a human resource has yet to be realized. The proper development and utilization of PWDs can lead to significant economic and social benefits. This study aims to develop and validate the Human Resources Scale for People with Disabilities (HRSPWD) in the context of Chinese respondents (n=1235). Exploratory factor analysis (n=600) and confirmatory factor analysis (n=635) were conducted, and the results revealed that the structure of the HRSPWD-18 features three dimensions: selection and training, appraisal and promotion, and compensation and support. The scale has been shown to exhibit good validity and reliability, thus making it a valuable tool for assessing the management of human resources among this population.
Enhancing Graph Clustering Efficiency: A Closeness Centrality Approach to Girvan-Newman Algorithm
Authors: PUNNAPATHIRAN TINNAPAT , ANGSUCHOTMETEE CHINNAPONG , LAVANGNANANDA KITTICHAI 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Graph clustering is crucial in logistics, social analysis, semantic-based search engines, and urban planning for uncovering data relationships. One of the most common graph clustering algorithms is Girvan-Newman, which relies on Edge Centrality statistics by iteratively removing edges with high betweenness centrality. However, exploring alternative centrality metrics can enhance its performance. This study presents a modified Girvan-Newman clustering algorithm that adopts a different centrality metric, namely Closeness Centrality, particularly suitable for data where the distance between nodes significantly influences their clustering, such as logistic analysis, urban planning, and network route planning. Our custom closeness-centrality-based modified Girvan-Newman algorithm aims to produce more compact and densely clustered outcomes. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithms outperform Girvan-Newman in modularity and conductance metrics using the Hat Yai Tourism urban planning dataset. Moreover, they either outperform or closely approximate Girvan-Newman in conductance metrics across several benchmarking datasets.
Estimation the Effect of Ficus carica Active components’ Nanoparticles on Mice Infected by Schistosomal cercariae and treated with praziquantel
Authors: El-Attar Naira Adel , El-Sawi Mamdouh , El-Shabasy Eman 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Bilharzia is parasitic flatworm that causes schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical illness of worldwide. Praziquantel (PZQ) is a commercial single treatment of schistosomiasis so the alternative drugs are needed to get rid of its side effects on liver. The current study aimed to estimate the effective role of Ficus carica nanoparticles (Fc-NPCs), silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPCs) and Ficus carica nanoparticles loaded on silver nanoparticles (Fc-Ag NPCs) on C57BL/6 black female mice infected by Schistosoma mansoni and treated with PZQ treatment. It was proved that the schistosomiasis causes liver damage in addition to the PZQ is ineffective as anti-schistosomiasis; it is recorded in infected mice group and PZQ treated group as in liver function tests, oxidative stress markers & anti-oxidants, pro-inflammatory markers, pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers also in liver cells’ DNA damage. The amelioration in all tested parameters has been clarified in nanoparticles’ protected mice groups. Obviously, The Fc-Ag NPCs + PZQ group recorded the best preemptive effects as anti-schistosomiasis. Fc-NPCs, Ag-NPCs and Fc-Ag NPCs could antagonize PZQ effects that were observed in amelioration of all tested parameters. The study showed the phytochemicals’ nanoparticles groups have ameliorated effect on the health of infected-administered mice.
Phosphorus affects nutrient uptake in Leymus chinensis by altering the coexistence relationships of AMF communities
Authors: Zhou Xiao guo , Zhang Yuanmei , Guo Liang , Liao Yu , Liu Fang , Sheng Jiandong , Cheng Junhui , Feng Gu , Hu Yutong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aims
Exploring the coexistence between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities and plants is crucial for plant nutrient acquisition and growth, particularly under exogenous phosphorus input.
Methods
This 3-year field trial tested the effects of phosphorus (P) application rates (0, 15.3, 30.6 and 45.9 kg P ha− 1) on the nutrient uptake of Leymus chinensis and AMF communities assembly in pasture in arid zone.
Results
The results showed that P fertilization had a significant impact on the richness of AMF species (ACE) and that pH was a major factor affecting the AMF community. P fertilization increased the positive edge ratio, average path length, centralization betweenness, centralization closeness, relative modularity (RM), fragility, and natural connectivity of the network in the co-occurring network, whereas high P promoted the stability of the network (robustness and fragility). Available potassium (AK), total P (TP), and some enzyme activities have important effects on the topological properties of co-occurring networks. When the changes in the number of nodes, edges and correlations of the co-occurrence network indicated that the coexistence of AMF community was altered, whereas the phosphorus content of the roots and nitrogen content of the leaves of the Leymus chinensis were significantly related to the attribute metrics representing the coexistence of the different species of the AMF community
Conclusions
These study further elucidated the mechanism by which P changes the coexistence relationships of AMF communities and revealed the mechanisms by which this coexistence affects plant nutrient uptake.