bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the growth option theory: the profitability of enhanced momentum strategies in Australia
Authors: Aharoni Gil , Ho Tuan Q. , Zeng Qi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRecent literature relates growth option theory to various return regularities. Sagi and Seasholes (2007) (S&S) develop a model that explains momentum profitability using growth option theory. We test the model’s predictions in the Australian market by examining three momentum strategies. Two of these strategies examine the profitability of momentum strategies conditioned on stocks characteristics, whereas the third conditions on previous market returns. Our results are largely supportive of the S&S model. As predicted by S&S, the two strategies that use firm‐specific characteristics yield a higher profit than a simple momentum strategy. The third strategy that conditions on the previous market return also leads to differences in momentum profitability between bull and bear markets, but these differences are small and largely insignificant.
Genetic structure among black grouse in Britain: implications for designing conservation units
Authors: Höglund J. , Larsson J. K. , Corrales C. , Santafé G. , Baines D. , Segelbacher G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBlack grouse in Britain have faced contraction of their range and have declined in numbers during the recent decades. As such, the species is a conservation concern in the UK. In order to aid conservation decisions, the terms Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) and Management Unit (MU) have been proposed. An ESU is an independently evolving evolutionary lineage defined by being reciprocally monophyletic for mitochondrial alleles, and which is significantly different from other lineages with regard to nuclear alleles, whereas an MU is operationally defined by only the latter criterion. Using mitochondrial sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci, we failed to find evidence that British black grouse is an ESU. However, British black grouse are sufficiently different from continental black grouse both with respect to mitochondrial and nuclear data to regard them as a separate MU. Furthermore, we present genetic data which suggest that British black grouse presently occur in what are probably three demographically independent units (roughly corresponding to Wales, northern England/southern Scotland and northern Scotland), which are genetically differentiated. The two southern units (Wales and northern England/southern Scotland) have lower genetic diversity and show signs of having lost genetic variability.
Randomised controlled study comparing comfort‐related outcomes between two rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses with different sessile drop contact angles
Authors: Fortuin Marten F , Schilperoort John , Evans Bruce JW , Edgar David F , Manon Hector M Tello , Kiers Henri 
Published: February 2011

Citation information: Fortuin MF, Schilperoort J, Evans BJW, Edgar DF, Tello Manon HM & Kiers H. Randomised controlled study comparing comfort‐related outcomes between two rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses with different sessile drop contact angles. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011, 31, 190–199. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2010.00812.xAbstractPurpose:  To compare comfort‐related outcomes when wearing rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses made of two different materials and using two cleaning regimes.Methods:  In a double‐masked lens material cross‐over study, subjects (n = 28 who completed the study) were refitted with new lenses made from (A) Boston XO material in one eye and made from (B) ONSI‐56 material in the other eye. The lenses made from materials A and B were worn on the right eye and the left eye following the pattern AB–BA–AB (or vice versa) during the first, second, and third 5 week trial periods respectively. Miraflow cleaner (1st and 2nd period) was replaced by Boston Advance cleaner in the 3rd period. Comfort‐related outcomes were assessed by a numerical rating scale (NRS) after each period. Subjects rated six comfort‐related factors: satisfaction, sharpness of vision, end of day comfort, maximum comfortable wearing time, maximum wearing time and foreign body feeling. Additionally we obtained subjects’ preferences for type of lens and lens cleaner during an exit interview. The sessile drop method was used to measure static contact angles.Results:  The mean of the contact angle measured for the Boston XO material was 93.3° and for the ONSI‐56 material was 75.8°. Mean ‘end of the day comfort’, ‘satisfaction’ and ‘lens feeling’ scores reached statistical significance (anova periods 1, 2 and 3, p’s: 0.005, 0.028, 0.046, n = 23) with marginal differences in favour of those eyes that had worn lenses made of the ONSI‐56 material (differences in mean scores on a 1–10 NRS never exceeded 0.7, 0.5 and 0.2 points in periods 1, 2, 3 respectively). At the exit interview 60% of the subjects (n = 17) were not able to express a preference for wearing either of the lenses, while 29% reported some preference for lenses made of the ONSI‐56 material (n = 8) and 11% for wearing lenses made of the Boston XO material (n = 3) within one or more periods.Conclusions:  The differences in comfort‐related outcomes between contact lenses made from two different materials, with sessile contact angles that differed by 17.5°, were small. Although some observed comfort differences reached statistical significance, none of these differences were sufficiently large to support a clinically significant difference in comfort between the two materials. We recommend that both the sessile drop and the captive bubble contact angles, measured according to current standards, are made available to practitioners.
Decision making in chronic glaucoma – optometrists vs ophthalmologists in a shared care service
Authors: Ho Shu , A Vernon Stephen 
Published: February 2011

Citation information: Ho S & Vernon SA. Decision making in chronic glaucoma – optometrists vs ophthalmologists in a shared care service. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011, 31, 168–173. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2010.00813.xAbstractPurpose:  Shared care schemes have become popular in glaucoma management in the UK over the past 20 years. Published audits of decision making processes by non‐ophthalmologists working in such schemes are however rare. Our aim was to audit the appropriateness of optometrists’ decision‐making when working in an in‐house shared care glaucoma scheme.Methods:  A single masked comparison study utilising retrospective consensus decisions by two ophthalmologists compared with ‘live’ optometrist decisions from three optometrists who reviewed patients with glaucoma, suspect glaucoma and ocular hypertension.Results:  Comparisons were made on management decisions on 140 consecutive eligible patients. There were high degrees of agreement (>88%) in terms of visual field interpretation, medical and surgical management decisions, timing of next appointment and ordering of visual field tests. Accuracy of communication with primary physicians was excellent with two optometrists but sub‐optimal in a third.Conclusion:  An audit model of decision‐making in shared care is demonstrated that in this case supported the apprenticeship model of training utilised in the clinic.
Colchicine inhibits cationic dye uptake induced by ATP in P2X2 and P2X7 receptor‐expressing cells: implications for its therapeutic action
Authors: Marques‐da‐Silva C , Chaves MM , Castro NG , Coutinho‐Silva R , Guimaraes MZP 
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The two longest C‐termini of the purinergic P2X receptors occur in the P2X2 and P2X7 receptors and are thought to interact with multiple cytoplasmic proteins, among which are members of the cytoskeleton, including microtubules. In this work we asked whether disrupting the microtubule cytoskeleton might affect the functions of these receptors.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Functions of heterologously expressed P2X2 and P2X7 receptors were evaluated with electrophysiology and dye uptake following ATP application. Permeabilization and secretion of pro‐inflammatory agents were quantified from fresh or cultured peritoneal mouse macrophages, treated in vitro or in vivo with colchicine.KEY RESULTS Disrupting the microtubule network with colchicine did not affect currents generated by ATP in P2X2 and P2X7 receptor‐expressing cells but inhibited uptake of the dye Yo‐Pro‐1 in Xenopus oocytes and HEK293 cells expressing these channels. Peritoneal mouse macrophages showed less ATP‐induced permeabilization to ethidium bromide in the presence of colchicine, and less reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL)‐1β release. Colchicine treatment did not affect ATP‐evoked currents in macrophages. Finally, in vivo assays with mice inoculated with lipopolysaccharide and ATP showed diminished ROS, IL‐1β, interferon‐γ and NO production after colchicine treatment.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Colchicine has known anti‐inflammatory actions and is used to treat several conditions involving innate immunity, including gout and familial Mediterranean fever. Here we propose a new mechanism of action – inhibition of pore formation induced by activation of P2X receptors – which could explain some of the anti‐inflammatory effects of colchicine.LINKED ARTICLE This article is commented on by Pelegrín, pp. 908–911 of this issue. To view this commentary visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476‐5381.2011.01325.x
The Rho kinase inhibitor Fasudil up‐regulates astrocytic glutamate transport subsequent to actin remodelling in murine cultured astrocytes
Authors: Lau CL , O'Shea RD , Broberg BV , Bischof L , Beart PM 
Published: February 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glutamate transporters play a major role in maintaining brain homeostasis and the astrocytic transporters, EAAT1 and EAAT2, are functionally dominant. Astrocytic excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) play important roles in various neuropathologies wherein astrocytes undergo cytoskeletal changes. Astrocytic plasticity is well documented, but the interface between EAAT function, actin and the astrocytic cytoskeleton is poorly understood. Because Rho kinase (ROCK) is a key determinant of actin polymerization, we investigated the effects of ROCK inhibitors on EAAT activity and astrocytic morphology.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The functional activity of glutamate transport was determined in murine cultured astrocytes after exposure to the ROCK inhibitors Fasudil (HA‐1077) and Y27632 using biochemical, molecular and morphological approaches. Cytochemical analyses assessed changes in astrocytic morphology, F‐/G‐actin, and localizations of EAAT1/2.RESULTS Fasudil and Y27632 increased [3H]‐d‐aspartate (d‐Asp) uptake into astrocytes, and the action of Fasudil was time‐dependent and concentration‐related. The rapid stellation of astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein immunocytochemistry) induced by Fasudil was accompanied by reduced phalloidin staining of F‐actin and increased Vmax for [3H]‐d‐Asp uptake. Immunoblotting after biotinylation demonstrated that Fasudil increased the expression of EAAT1 and EAAT2 on the cell surface. Immunocytochemistry indicated that Fasudil induced prominent labelling of astrocytic processes by EAAT1/2.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These data show for the first time that ROCK plays a major role in determining the cell surface expression of EAAT1/2, providing new evidence for an association between transporter function and astrocytic phenotype. ROCK inhibitors, via the actin cytoskeleton, effect a consequent elevation of glutamate transporter function – this activity profile may contribute to their beneficial actions in neuropathologies.
Rationing Consumption of Private Goods that Produce Collective Bads
Authors: Coram Alex 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article looks at collective decisions over the limits to consumption of a private good that produces a collective bad and studies the way in which these decisions are affected by changes in the distribution of wealth. It shows that a democratic voting program reduces the maximum permissible consumption of the good, whereas a benevolent planner, and a voting program dominated by the rich, will increase this level. It also shows that, under all programs, production of the bad is driven down by increases in inequality.
The small covering factor of cold accretion streams
Authors: Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Kereš Dušan 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Theoretical models of galaxy formation predict that galaxies acquire most of their baryons via cold mode accretion. Observations of high-redshift galaxies, while showing ubiquitous outflows, have so far not revealed convincing traces of the predicted cold streams, which has been interpreted as a challenge for the current models. Using high-resolution, zoom-in smooth particle hydrodynamics simulations of Lyman break galaxy (LBG) haloes combined with ionizing radiative transfer, we quantify the covering factor of the cold streams at z= 2–4. We focus specifically on Lyman limit systems (LLSs) and damped Lyα absorbers (DLAs), which can be probed by absorption spectroscopy using a background galaxy or quasar sightline, and which are closely related to low-ionization metal absorbers. We show that the covering factor of these systems is relatively small and decreases with time. At z= 2, the covering factor of DLAs within the virial radius of the simulated galaxies is ∼3 per cent (∼1 per cent within twice this projected distance), and arises principally from the galaxy itself. The corresponding values for LLSs are ∼10 and 4 per cent. Because of their small covering factor compared to the order unity covering fraction expected for galactic winds, the cold streams are naturally dominated by outflows in stacked spectra. We conclude that the existing observations are consistent with the predictions of cold mode accretion, and outline promising kinematic and chemical diagnostics to separate out the signatures of galactic accretion and feedback.
THE CHANGE OF APPARENT VISCOSITY OF LIQUID WHOLE EGG DURING OHMIC AND CONVENTIONAL HEATING
Authors: BOZKURT HAYRIYE , ICIER FILIZ 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTElectrical heating of food products is a novel technique which provides rapid and uniform heating, resulting in less thermal damage to the product. Although the technology offers many advantages, the rheological behavior of liquid whole egg during ohmic heating has not been known yet in the literature. The objective of this research was to examine effects of conventional and electrical heating methods on the rheological behavior of liquid whole egg at a temperature range between 20 and 60C by using concentric rotational viscometer. The ohmic heating was applied at the voltage gradient of 20 V/cm at 50 Hz by matching the same heating curve with the conventional method. The liquid whole egg exhibited characteristics of non‐Newtonian shear thinning fluid. The flow behavior index (n) of liquid whole egg was in the range of 0.908–0.992 and 0.909–0.983 for ohmic and conventional heating, respectively. The consistency coefficient decreased as the temperature increased. The apparent viscosity of heated liquid egg was not statistically different for both heating methods (P > 0.05). The activation energy values for temperature dependency of predicted apparent viscosity were not statistically different for rheological models applied (P > 0.05), while they were significantly different according to heating method (P < 0.05). The liquid whole egg was more sensible to temperature changes during conventional heating. It was concluded that this difference could be either the result of the electrical effect on the apparent viscosity of the liquid whole egg or thermal effect during ohmic heating and fast homogeneous heating during ohmic treatment.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSLiquid egg products are so sensible to heat treatments that it can result in many undesirable changes which would provide the occurrence of many undesirable changes. To avoid these undesirable changes, ohmic heating could be applied to liquid whole egg products as a faster and homogeneous alternative heating method. As the rheological behavior changes during heating must be characterized especially for the application of novel heating technologies. Although there were numerous researches on the determination of rheological properties of egg products, unfortunately, there has been no study ever done on explaining the rheological behavior of liquid whole egg during ohmic heating in open literature to the best of the authors' knowledge. Electrical effects of ohmic heating on food rheology rather than thermal effects are also still unclear. Results from this study will give important information to academic studies and industrial applications for the design of continuous ohmic heating systems for non‐Newtonian foods.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE DRYING PROCESS OF BEE POLLEN FROM TWO ZONES OF COLOMBIA
Authors: BARAJAS JOHANNA , CORTES‐RODRIGUEZ MISAEL , RODRÍGUEZ‐SANDOVAL EDUARDO 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe influence of the drying temperature (35 and 45C) on bee pollen is evaluated based on the physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics of dried bee pollen from two zones in Colombia (La Calera and Zipaquira). The methods used to establish the effect of the treatment are: determination of chemical composition, measurement of water activity, solubility index, mean particle size, vitamin C content and carotene content. The results confirm that the drying process of bee pollen at 45C has the shorter drying time (156–198 min), moisture content (7–8%) and water activity (0.3), but higher levels of carotene and vitamin C losses. The protein, fiber and ash contents are not affected by the drying temperature. The observed higher carotene content of the pollen from La Calera is probably because of the flora composition in this zone. The vitamin C content decreases as the drying temperature increases, but there are no significant differences between zones.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSBee pollen can be sold as both fresh and dried products. However, refrigeration with temperature between 5 and 10C is required for storage of the fresh bee pollen to preserve quality. The bee pollen drying allows preserving the product at room temperature, making the product marketing easier and increasing the profits of beekeepers. The drying process of bee pollen in Colombia is done by sun, solar and oven‐drying methods. But hot‐air drying is considered as a suitable drying method because it decreases drying time and improves the hygienic quality of the dried product. The chemical, physical and nutritional properties of dried bee pollen were studied in order to evaluate the effect of drying temperature on pollen from different origins. Thus, the results of this investigation can help the apiarists to use the best drying conditions to produce dried bee pollen.
OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION OF BANANAS (MUSA SAPIENTUM, SHUM.) IN TERNARY AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF SUCROSE AND SODIUM CHLORIDE
Authors: MERCALI GIOVANA DOMENEGHINI , MARCZAK LÍGIA DAMASCENO FERREIRA , TESSARO ISABEL CRISTINA , NOREÑA CACIANO PELAYO ZAPATA 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTBananas (Musa sapientum, shum.) were dehydrated by immersion in ternary aqueous solutions of sucrose and sodium chloride with different concentrations and temperatures. The temperature (25–55C), sugar concentration (30–60%) and salt concentration (0–10%) of each run were set according to a central composite design. Bananas of the Prata variety were cut into cylindrical pieces of 1.8 cm in diameter and 10 cm in length. Analyses were conducted for moisture, sugar and salt contents. Moisture content was determined by gravimetry in a drying oven according to an Association of Official Analytical Chemists method. Sugar and salt contents were determined by using high‐performance liquid chromatography and conductivity meter, respectively. The results showed that water loss (WL) increased as temperature, salt and sugar concentrations increased. An antagonistic effect has been observed between the two solutes on sugar gain (SG) and on salt gain (SC), and a synergistic effect of the two solutes on WL. The SG was minimal at the minimum levels of the independent variables, and SC was minimized at temperature of 36.3C with concentration of 50% sucrose. Results show that the use of a ternary osmotic solution enhances the WL when compared with the use of binary osmotic solutions.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSBrazil stands as one of the largest producers of bananas, and among the varieties produced the Prata variety occupies a prominent place. The osmotic dehydration of Cavendish bananas in binary solutions has already been studied, but studies about the Prata variety using ternary systems were not found in the literature. This lack is the main motivation for the present work. The results obtained from this study can be used to optimize osmotic treatment of bananas in industrial scale. Depending on the specific process goals, it is possible to choose from a range of process conditions to direct treatment toward dewatering, impregnation or a mixed effect. The dried bananas can be directly consumed or used as an ingredient in cakes, pastries, candies and many other products. The developed model allows the determination of the amount of water loss and solute uptake in order to predict the different mass transfer flows associated to this process.
Meaningful Use and Certification of Health Information Technology: What about Safety?
Authors: Hoffman Sharona , Podgurski Andy 
Published: February 2011

Health information technology (HIT) is becoming increasingly prevalent in medical offices and facilities. Like President George W. Bush before him, President Obama announced a plan to computerize all Americans’ medical records by 2014. Computerization is certain to transform American health care, but to ensure that its benefits outweigh its risks, the federal government must provide appropriate oversight.President Obama’s stimulus legislation, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), dedicated $27 billion to the promotion of health information technology. It provides payments of up to $44,000 per clinician under the Medicare incentive program and $63,750 per clinician under the Medicaid program.
Polite Society and the Rural Resort: The Meanings of Moffat Spa in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: GLOVER KATHARINE 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNumerous small spa resorts dotted the British countryside throughout the eighteenth century. They played a key role in the annual leisure cycle of the polite, yet little scholarly attention has been paid to the precise workings of the polite sociability with which such resorts were associated. This article takes as a case‐study Moffat spa, a small but significant resort in southern Scotland. It uses visitors' responses to and correspondence from the spa to explore the ways in which such resorts could be constructed as a place of politeness, and the social possibilities this opened up for those who frequented them.