bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Serum Proteins Electrophoretic Pattern and Serum Hormones in Women with Spontaneous Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Shah Prithvi Bahadur , Gupta Kapil , Bedi Mini 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Pregnancy is the state of carrying a developing embryo or fetus within a female body. Once pregnancy is established, a range of endocrinological events appear in its maintenance, finally helping in the successful pregnancy. The complications which are usually observed in pregnancy are gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm labor, and spontaneous pregnancy loss or miscarriage, while 10%–15% of clinically recognized pregnancies terminate into spontaneous miscarriage. Thus, many attempts have been made by different researchers for the diagnosis of high-risk pregnancy on altered protein pattern using placental villous tissue or follicular fluid, but these are difficult to obtain and results of different studies are not constant.

Aim:
This study was designed to identify the association (if any) among serum protein(s) electrophoretic pattern and different serum hormones in normal pregnant women (controls) and gestational age-matched women with spontaneous pregnancy loss (cases).

Materials and Methods:
This study was carried out for 1½ year from October 2018 to March 2020 and included 120 participants (60 normal pregnant women and 60 women with spontaneous pregnancy loss) between 20 and 45 years of age with no mean age difference. The electrophoresis of serum was carried out using slab gel electrophoretic unit and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total tri-iodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), prolactin, and beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels were analyzed using TSOSH AIA analyzer at Adesh University, Bathinda.

Results:
Significant variations in the expression of proteins with molecular weight around ~150 kDa, ~50 kDa, and ~25 kDa were observed in normal pregnant women and women with spontaneous pregnancy loss. However, the protein band of ~50 kDa was found to be highly expressed in the serum of 1st and 2nd trimester women experiencing spontaneous pregnancy loss. Therefore, selected protein band of ~50 kDa was further processed by ECI-mass spectrophotometry QUAD time of flight and 365 different proteins were found, out of these; 34 proteins were found to be unidentified protein products (Verified
using
NCBI
data
base). Further, TT3, total proteins, β-hCG, and prolactin level were found to be low, whereas, TSH was found to be high in women experiencing spontaneous pregnancy loss. However, difference in the level of β-hCG in the 1st trimester and TT4 among normal pregnant women and women with spontaneous pregnancy loss was observed to be statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:
This study indicated that the evaluation of serum protein variations along with hormonal profile may provide valuable information about high-risk pregnancy. Moreover, the differential expression of proteins in women with spontaneous pregnancy loss can be further explored to develop potential biomarker for the early identification of high-risk pregnancy and appropriate preventive measure.
Clinical Performance of I-gel® and BlockBuster™ Laryngeal Mask Airway in Adult Patients during General Anesthesia: A Randomized Comparison
Authors: Das Prerna Prabhat , Tiwari Tanmay , Raman Rajesh , Gautam Shefali , Kushwaha B. B. , Kumar Yatendra 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Supraglottic devices have revolutionized the current practice of airway management. We compared the clinical performance of a recently introduced BlockBuster™ Laryngeal mask airway with i-gel® in adult patients under general anesthesia.

Methods:
Following Institutional ethical clearance, the present study was conducted on 62 patients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 and 2 of either sex in the age group of 20–60 years under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to i-gel® (I) and BlockBuster™ (B) groups (31 per group). Time for successful insertion, insertion success rate, ease of insertion, oropharyngeal leak pressures (OLPs), and complications were assessed.

Results:
Mean insertion time of device was less in Group I (13.52 ± 2.58 s) than that of Group B (14.10 ± 2.04 s), which was neither clinically nor statistically significant (P = 0.330). OLP in Group B (24.52 ± 2.77 cm of H2O) was found to be significantly higher compared to Group I (20.81 ± 2.56 cm of H2O) with P < 0.001. Overall insertion and first attempt success was similar (i-gel® 31/31 [100%] and 29/31 [93.5%] and BlockBuster™ 31/31 [100%] and 29/31 [93.5%], respectively). Ease of insertion (P = 0.684) and complications (P = 0.782) of both the devices were comparable.

Conclusions:
Both the devices are useful and effective for airway management in adult under general anesthesia. Having a high OLP and comparable insertion time, risk of aspiration may be further reduced with the use of BlockBuster™ in comparison to i-gel®.
Active Case Finding among Adults using an Individual’s Vulnerability Score for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Rural Village of Goa: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dessai Bhargav P. Sawant , Krishnan Malavika , Shah Hemangini K. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
“Detect–Treat–Prevent–Build” to achieve tuberculosis (TB)-free India is envisaged in the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP). To be able to achieve this, it is important to address the fact that the most vulnerable and hard-to-reach groups need to undertake screening. The present review aimed to examine the vulnerability in connection with TB disparities faced by distinct sub-populations generally viewed as vulnerable and follow these for testing.

Materials and Methods:
The community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of sub-center Carambolim in a rural area of Goa for 3 months. The households were visited, and data collected via personal interviews were recorded on the questionnaire study tool. Based on the data, the participants’ vulnerability mapping was done per the parameters identified.

Results:
Among 223 households, 528 persons were screened for vulnerability. The 47 highly vulnerable participants were advised sputum CBNAAT, of which 9 (19%) tested positive for pulmonary TB, while of the 86 moderately vulnerable participants, 4 (5%) tested positive for pulmonary TB. Among the 34 with symptoms suggestive of TB, 3 (9%) tested positive for pulmonary TB.

Conclusions:
The study detected 16 new TB patients from the population and found a higher incidence of pulmonary TB among the vulnerable group with no symptoms of Pulmonary TB. A further state-wide survey is recommended to diagnose such cases.
Malnutrition and Anemia Among Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups of Odisha, India: Needs for Context-Specific Intervention
Authors: Das Arundhuti , Ghosal Jyoti , Khuntia Hemant Kumar , Dixit Sujata , Pati Sanghmitra , Kaur Harpreet , Ota Akhil Bihari , Bal Madhusmita , Ranjit Manoranjan R. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
As undernutrition and anemia persist to be prevalent in India, the socioeconomically disadvantaged groups continue to take the greater brunt. Odisha is home to the largest number of particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs) in India. The study aimed to provide a comprehensive report on the undernutrition and anemia status of all the PVTGs of Odisha.

Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among (N = 1461, 683 males and 779 females) 13 PVTGs spread across 12 districts of Odisha from August 2018 to February 2019.

Results:
Among the under-five children, the prevalence of underweight was observed in 75.26%, stunting in 55.42%, and wasting in 60.00% and all forms of undernutrition were higher among girls. Among children and adolescents belonging to the age group of 5 to 19 years, the prevalence of thinness was 46.7%. In individuals above the age of 20, the prevalence of underweight among males was 37.7% and females was 44.3% and severe anemia was present in 36.5% of females and 35.8% of males. Women in the reproductive age have a higher prevalence of anemia.

Conclusion:
The study shows that undernutrition and anemia remain high in the PVTGs, especially among the under-five children and women in the reproductive age. As the country heads toward fulfilling Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by 2030, national and state health policies need to be designed and implemented, giving special focus to these vulnerable groups.
Epidemiological Trends of Dengue in One of the Western Hilly Areas of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Ekta , Sood Tarun , Katoch Gurmeet , Guleri Rajesh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Dengue is one of the neglected tropical diseases, with a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from acute febrile illness dengue fever to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. In recent years, it has become a major public health concern in many nonendemic areas as well.

Materials and Methods:
A secondary data analysis of records available with district Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme cell was conducted to study distribution (time, place, and person) of dengue from 2017 to 2022 in Kangra, a sub-Himalayan district of Himachal Pradesh (HP).

Results:
In the evaluated period (2017–2022), a total of 6008 cases suspected of dengue were tested and test positivity of 7% (441) with male gender predominance was found. Mean age of the diagnosed cases was 37.7 ± 16.8 years. A seasonal trend was observed starting from late August to November in all study years.

Conclusion:
Dengue is still a neglected disease, but it has shown its presence especially in this part of HP, indicating the need for better preparation and sensitization of vector-borne disease control program activities, especially in post-monsoon, to prevent future epidemics.
Validity of “Mid-Upper Arm Circumference” as a Parameter to Identify Undernourished Children in Rural Gujarat
Authors: Chawada Bansari L. , Devaliya Jaydeep J. , Kurian Sneha 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measures the arm muscle and fat area. The use of MUAC as a screening measure for assessing undernutrition has the following advantages; it makes use of a simple equipment, is easy to carry at the field sites, and requires minimal training. In India, “mid-upper arm circumference” is widely used and accepted in many nutritional programs.

Objectives:
This study was conducted with the primary objective to compare different anthropometric parameters of children and to validate the usefulness and limitations of MUAC to screen out undernourished children.

Subject and Methods:
Anthropometric measurements were recorded for all the anganwadi centers of the selected sub-center that comes under the field practice area of our department. The measurements like weight, height, MUAC were done according to the standard guidelines as per WHO, and further, calculations were done with the help of “Anthro software 3.2.2.” Comparisons were done between categorization of MUAC tape and Weight-for-Height Z-scores (WHZ), and hence, the sensitivity and specificity of the MUAC tape to screen the malnourished child were found out.

Results:
Sensitivity of MUAC to categorize a child in red/yellow was only 9.03%, negative predictive value (NPV) was 40.75%, specificity came 95.10%, and positive predictive value was 73.68% on taking WHZ as the gold standard.

Conclusion:
MUAC has a limited role in screening out an undernourished child (red/yellow category), whereas it has a good role in screening healthy children (green category).
Perception and Practices Regarding Stubble Burning in Rural Community of Haryana
Authors: Misra Puneet , Salve Harshal Ramesh , Daniel Roy Arokiam , Dwarkanathan Vignesh , Deori Trideep Jyoti , Kumar Rakesh , Yadav Kapil 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Agricultural emissions pose significant health risks, especially in countries like India with abundant agricultural waste. This study focuses on understanding stubble burning perceptions and practices in rural National Capital Region to inform targeted interventions for sustainable farming practices and improved public health.

Methods and Material:
This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the randomly selected households of rural Ballabgarh, Haryana. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on perception and practices on stubble burning. Data were collected in Epicollect 5 and analyzed in STATA 14.

Results:
Of the 2000 households approached, 1813 responded with a response rate of 90.7%. Around 53% of the study participants believed that vehicular pollution is the main reason for air pollution, and 90% of them were unaware of the Government schemes related to stop stubble burning and with respect to the practices of stubble disposal. Around 70% of the participants mentioned that respiratory illness is the most severe effect of air pollution.

Conclusion:
The public was mostly unaware of the government’s efforts to reduce stubble burning. Health promotion initiatives must be carried out to raise community knowledge about the programs available to combat stubble burning, therefore decreasing air pollution and its health implications.
Serum level of human transforming growth factors β3 in Iraqi patient with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Naeem Noor Tariq , Alsaadi Basima Qasim Hasan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
The Philadelphia chromosome serves as the molecular marker for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) result from fusion oncogene, leading to genetic instability including chromosomal aberrations and common altered genes that regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is an important regulator of cellular functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and cell survival.

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this research was to investigate the role of TGFs-β3 as predictive biomarker on disease progression.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study includes three groups (50) individuals: newly diagnosed CML patients (male: 28 and female: 22), (50) CML chronic phase (male: 25 and female: 25), and (50) apparently healthy volunteers (male: 30 and female: 20). The National Center of Hematology at Mustansiriyah University admitted the patients. An analysis of each patient was diagnosed using a complete blood count, a bone marrow test, and a BCR-ABL gene test. ELISA technique was applied to assess the serum level of TGFs-β3.

RESULTS:
the results displayed high significant differences among patients (newly diagnosed) compared to the chronic phase, it was 59.7517 and 39.9167 pg/mL, respectively, and high significant differences among patients (newly diagnosed) compared to control, it was 59.7517 and 36.8861 pg/mL, respectively, as well as the serum level of TGF-β3, was elevated with some hematological marker.

CONCLUSION:
Elevated TGF-β levels can promote the development of myelofibrosis and some hematologic malignancies by influencing the immune system.
A comparative study to assess diagnostic efficacy of micro typing gel technique versus conventional tube technique in blood cross-match in blood bank at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Gawande Rutuja , Soni Ramawatar Ramprasadji , Rode Vikram Vinod 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
In transfusion medicine, cross-matching and compatibility are determined using the conventional tube approach. The goal of the current study is to compare the microtyping gel approach to the conventional tube method for studying blood cross-match.

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of the study was to assess the compatibility of donor’s blood with recipient blood by microtyping gel technique and conventional tube technique and comparison of advantages and disadvantages of the two techniques.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This observational, cross-sectional study investigation was carried out in a tertiary care facility’s blood bank for 1½ years. It was decided to compare the effectiveness of the traditional tube and gel techniques.

RESULTS:
In the current investigation, we evaluated the age of the study participants and found that the majority of the study participants were male (63.17%) and most of them were between the ages of 21 and 40 years. The men-to-women ratio in this study was 1.71:1. About 2300 blood samples were subjected to compatibility testing using both the traditional test tube technology and the microtyping gel technology. The conventional method and the gel card approach are equivalent in terms of sensitivity and specificity. However, the gel card approach is simple to use, quick, reliable, and allows for the recording of data. The spin saline tube approach, in comparison, takes longer and produces unreliable results. This makes the gel card approach preferable to the conventional method. The findings were examined.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although the conventional tube technology is still regarded as the gold standard for pretransfusion analysis, it nevertheless has several drawbacks and relies on the precise hand–eye coordination of the laboratory staff. We advise using the microtyping gel approach due to its ease of use, stability of outcomes, dispensing of controls and absence of washing process, and equivalent specificity and sensitivity.
Balloon dacryoplasty: A boon for dacryologists in managing persistent congenital nasolacrimal duct obstructions
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Kaur Manpreet , Grewal Aditi Mehta , Abhaypal Khushdeep , Sharma Manjula , Anjum Nazia , Malik Meenakshi 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To study the outcomes of balloon dacryoplasty (BD) or (BDCP) in children with persistent congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (pCNLDO) by using new and reused balloon catheters.

Methods:
Our retrospective analysis focused on managing pCNLDO by using the BD or BDCP technique. The study included children aged >1 year to <12 years who underwent single or multiple probings before. Our specific lacrimal workup included a detailed history and examination, as published earlier. We used conventional, straight, 2 mm × 13 mm/3 mm × 15 mm lacrimal balloons (FCI, Ophthacath). We have described a technique to use the same catheter for three BD procedures (1 new + 2 reuse). The outcomes were categorized as complete success, partial success, and failure. The minimum follow-up of each child was 6 months.

Results:
We analyzed 64 children (89 eyes) with a mean age of 58 months (15–132 months). All children (100%) had epiphora with discharge and positive FDDT. All children underwent BD under general anesthesia – new balloons in 59 eyes and reused balloons in 30 eyes. The balloons were plasma sterilized akin to vitrectomy cutters and tubings of phaco machines. We noted three leaks from reused balloons (2 from the balloon tip and 1 from the plastic hub). At a mean follow-up of 14.5 months, complete success was noted in 77 eyes (86.5%) (52 new and 25 reuse), while 8 eyes had partial success (8.9%) (4 new and 4 reuse). Failure of BD was noted in four eyes (4.5%) (3 new and 1 reuse). None had significant complications with new or reused balloons.

Conclusion:
BD or BDCP is a quick, safe, easy, and effective procedure that resolves pCNLDO symptoms satisfactorily. Carefully reusing a conventional balloon catheter is possible with comparable efficacy and no additional complications in pCNLDO.
Lid-wiper keratopathy and mucous membrane grafting
Authors: Singh Prabhakar , Tiwari Pragati , Biswas Saranya , Raj Amit 
Published: May 2024

Background:
A healthy lid-wiper is an important component of a healthy ocular surface. Any abnormality or irregularity of the lid wiper can potentially damage a relatively healthy ocular surface. Stevens–Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid are some of the examples that can result in lid-margin keratinization during the course of the disease. These permanent changes at the lid margin mechanically abrade the corneal surface and facilitate corneal neovascularization. The corneal clarity is lost over time, and the patients have corneal blindness.

Purpose:
This video discusses the role of a healthy lid-wiper, conditions causing lid-margin keratinization and subsequent lid-wiper keratopathy, and surgical technique in mucous membrane grafting.

Synopsis:
The video demonstrates the technique of restoration of a healthy lid margin by doing a mucous membrane graft for lid-margin keratinization and its role in the prevention of corneal blindness.

Highlights:
Lid-margin keratinization is essentially a chronic sequela and is often ignored till irreversible corneal changes develop. Early intervention in the form of mucous membrane grafting can prevent corneal vascularization and loss of corneal clarity.

Video link:

https://youtu.be/NGMlqUp_qLU
Tuberculous Empyema Necessitans – Case Series
Authors: Natraj M. , Parveen Nisha , Vignesh S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Empyema necessitans (EN) is a rare complication of untreated pleural infection. Tuberculosis is the most common cause. It can be found in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients, especially in endemic areas. Diagnosis can be challenging due to long duration and indefinite symptoms. Here, we present a case series of three patients with EN.
Anterior Chest Wall Sarcoma: An Aggressive Tumor
Authors: Rajeev Vyshnavi , Mehrin Riha , Lawrence Ria , Narasimhan Aarthi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Patients with chest wall tumors present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The differential diagnosis of these tumors is broad because they can present a heterogeneous spectrum of diseases such as primary benign or malignant tumors, metastasis, local extension of adjacent tumors, and infectious or inflammatory conditions. Among that, primary chest wall tumors are rare.
A Case of Quadrivial Pattern of Right Upper Lobe Bronchus
Authors: Deivasigamani Mohanakrishnan , Chockalingam Chandrasekar , Santhalingam Balamurugan , Nagesh Manikandan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The knowledge of the tracheobronchial tree is fundamental for a bronchoscopist, especially for diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical options that are under consideration. Among all lobes, the right upper lobe (RUL) has a relatively high incidence of tumor and airspace diseases. Most bronchial anomalies are on the right side. Bifurcation is the most common anatomical variation. Quadrification has a very low prevalence. We report the case of a 54-year-old male who came with complaints of hemoptysis and showed a quadrivial type of bronchial division of RUL during a bronchoscopic examination after which three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography showed a supernumerary lateral or axillary segment bronchus. Awareness of this variant may explain otherwise confusing findings and its clinical implication is important for every pulmonologist.