bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers and Proteomics in Corneal Cell Biology
Authors: BEUERMAN RW , ZHOU L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Developing a basis for personalized medicine requires instrumentation that has a high throughput and appropriate senstivity. To discover proteomic biomarkers of ocular surface diseases using quantitative mass spectrometry for discovery of molecular representatives within the tear film that can be used for clinical application and pharmacological development. Additionally, proteomics carried out by mass spectrometry provides a ready tool for use with quantitative biomarkers.Methods Tear samples can be collected by several means, our lab usually uses type I Schirmer’s test from patients and has been used successfully with patients with dry eye, pterygium or on anti‐glaucoma medications as well as age‐matched healthy unmedicated controls. Tear proteins are analyzed using iTRAQ (Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) based quantitative proteomics or SELDI mass spectrometry. ELISA is used for confirmation of proteomic findings.Results In dry eye patients, over 200 tear proteins have been identified. Potential biomarkers include up‐regulated proteins, alpha‐enolase, alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein 1, S100 A8, S100 A9, S100 A4 and S100. In chronic glaucoma patients, 128 tear proteins were identified with 99% confidence. We found 5 proteins whose iTRAQ ratios showed significant changes (p < 0.05) when comparing non‐medicated control group and medicated group. Levels of 4 tear proteins (S100 A8, S100 A9, mammaglobin B and 14‐3‐3 z/d protein) were elevated.Conclusion Proteomic biomarkers provide new insights into the disease process as with the inflammatory S100 proteins found here and they are measurable end points for drug development, diagnosis and response to treatment. A biomarker panel for dry eye has been developed for patient use.
Foreign body granuloma's after fadenoperation : a review of seven cases
Authors: ROBIN A , GEORGE JL , MAALOUF T , ANGIOI K 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate and to describe our series of foreign body granulomas and granulation tissue after fadenoperation.Methods Retrospective monocentric study, from 1997 to 2010, conducted on all the patients who developed a foreign body granuloma or a foreign body granulation tissue histologically proven, after fadenoperation surgery.Results Seven patients (3 to 10 years old) were included. Incidence of granuloma is evaluated at 1,95 ‰ among all our surgeries of strabismus. All the patients were children. All had been operated of fadenoperation surgery combined with medial rectus recession. Delay of granulomatous formation occurence ranged from 5 months to 5 years. All the patients underwent surgical treatment of granulomatous formations with pathological analysis. We have observed three cases of recurrence after initial surgical removal.Conclusion Non resorbable suture, ischemia induced by fadenoperation and surgery traumatism may lead to development of subclinical granulomas. Suture extrusion, cause or consequence of granulomatous phenomenon could explain late delay of clinical expression. Granulomas occurred always when both of recession and fadenoperation were realized. This can be explained by increased local inflammation and maybe by the presence of two kinds of suture. Despite surgical treatment, 3 recurrences occured, probably linked to exogenous material persistence within the surgical site. To reduce and to prevent the occurrence of granulomas, using a resorbable suture may be interesting.
Clinical assessment of binocular vision with the “ZEISS Polatest”
Authors: CABEZA J 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The “ZEISS Polatest”, introduced in 1958, was the first instrument to allow a complete and precise assessment of binocular vision, including heterophoria. In this talk we give an overview about the history of for binocular vision testing using Polatest and its clinical application. We will highlight how binocular vision testing can be incorporated into the routine visual acuity measurement for every patient. The information gained allows us to provide better eye care for our patients in their day‐to‐day vision needs.Methods The ZEISS Polatest uses polarized light to separate the information sent to the right and the left eye. In this way, binocular fusion can be controlled and the rest position of each eye can be determined precisely. We will review the technology used in the ZEISS Polatest for binocular vision testing and its evolution in the last 50 years. We will also present a review of the clinical literature related.Results Modern binocular vision testing based on polarisation separation provides a superior and eficient way to screen and measure binocular vision deficiencies.Conclusion With the widespread use of 3D entertainment many patients become aware of their binocular vision deficiencies which may have been asymptomatic before. This is leading to a renewed interest in binocular vision testing in clinical practice. Incorporating binocular vision screening into the regular screening protocol increases the quality of vision care for our patients.
Commercial interest
Irradiation induced maculopathy and retinopathy. Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: DAMATO BE , GROENEWALD C 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To describe the pathology and clinical features of radiation‐induced maculopathy and retinopathy and to discuss treatment.Methods Direct maculopathy occurs when the macula has received a high dose of radiation whereas indirect maculopathy occurs as a result of exudation from the irradiated tumour. Investigations include: fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography and visual acuity testing. Treatments include: photoablation of leaking retinal vessels as well as transpupillary thermotherapy or photodynamic therapy, endoresection or exoresection of the exudative tumour.Results Direct radiation‐induced maculopathy is essentially untreatable but it is often possible to reverse visual loss occurring as a result of exudation from the 'toxic tumour'.Conclusion It is important to differentiate direct from indirect radiation‐induced maculopathy so that the appropriate treatment can be administered.
Inflamation and scleral defect following ocular radiotherapy. Therapeutic appraoch
Authors: DESJARDINS L , LEVY C , LUMBROSO‐LE ROUIC L , CASSOUX N , DENDALE R , PLANCHER C , ASSELAIN B 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose to describe inflammation and scleral necrosis following irradiation for uveal melanoma, their risk factors and their therapeutic approach.Methods retrospective review of patients treated in Curie Institute; all the data concerning the initial tumor, the treatment and the follow up are registered in the data base .Statistical analysis has been performed.Results Twenty‐three patients treated with a single plaque therapy (cobalt‐60 (Co(60)) or iodine‐125 (I(125)) (1.5% of treated patients) or proton beam radiotherapy (0.45% of treated patients) for choroidal or ciliary body melanoma, presented scleral necrosis as a post‐radiation complication .In a retrospective series of 2413 patients treated with proton beam with a median follow up of 98 months 21% of patients have had inflammation and 3,3% of them have active inflammation. Risks factors were essentially tumour related and were correlated with larger lesions (height > 5 mm, diameter > 12 mm, volume > 0.4 cm Multivariate analysis identified initial tumour height and irradiation of a large volume of the eye as the two most important risk factors.Conclusion Treatment options: Scleral necrosis usually requires only observation Ocular inflammation often consisted of mild anterior uveitis, resolving rapidly after topical steroids and cycloplegics. Nevertheless for large tumors, inflammation can be associated with neovascular glaucoma and can be more severe. The use of anti VEGF is useful to obtain regression of iris néovasculariastion. Preventive endorésection of the tumor scar if possible gives the best results.
Refractive and therapeutic applications of femtosecond laser corneal surgery
Authors: NUBILE M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Femtosecond laser (FSL) devices, based on the physical phenomena of ultrashort laser pulses in the sub‐picosecond range of duration, have gained significant interest in ophthalmology thanks to their potential for high‐precision microsurgery, particularly in applications involving the transparent tissue of the cornea that take the greatest advantage of these attributes. The potential advantages and limits in using FSL in the field of refractive corneal surgery and keratoplasty are presented.Methods FSL is applied in performing LASIK flap, femtosecond laser lenticule extraction, deep lamellar (DALK), and DSEK lenticule preparation. Clinical and histological analysis was performed.Results FSL LASIK procedures produced excellent clinical and morphological results, with great precision achieved in flap thickness and morphology. FSL refractive lenticule extraction enables the treatment of myopia and astigmatism without the use of the excimer laser. FSL technology enables multiple cut configurations and customized‐shaped lamellar keratoplasty techniques. Transmission electron microscopy revealed precise geometry and good quality of the cuts.Conclusion Femtosecond laser technology may offer further promising approaches towards all‐FSL refractive surgery, and dissection procedures in the field of corneal transplantation
A case of chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (crion)
Authors: HERRERO LATORRE R , FERNANDEZ PEREZ S , DE LA MATA G , IDOIPE M , SATUE M , GARCIA MARTIN E 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose The chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION) is a recurrent optic neuropathy not associated with any demyelinating or systemic desease, characterized by the need for prolonged immunosuppressive therapy to prevent relapse.Methods We report the case of a 32 year old man who presented three episodes of optic neuritis in the left eye over a period of 8 months. Each episode remitted quickly with intravenous steroids and resorted after gradual withdrawal thereof. The initial visual acuity in left eye was counting fingers, had relative afferent pupillary defect and diffuse edema of the optic nerve. All systemic examinations were normal (analytics, and serology tests, imaging studies, lupus anticoagulant, ECA and autoimmunity tests).Results After CRION suspected, corticosteroid treatment was decided at a dose of 1mg/kg/day maintained in decreasing doses associated with azathioprine, and response to treatment was favorable, with no new episodes. Actually, visual acuity is 7/10 , there are palidness optic disc and inferior visual field lost in perimetry due to optic neuritis.Conclusion CRION is a recurrent optic neuritis, corticoid dependent, not associated with any neurological deficit or autoimmune disease. Severe visual loss, associated with persistence of pain after onset of visual loss and frequent recurrences should make us suspect this entity.
Dysthyroid optic neuropathy: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: BORRUAT FX 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOptic neuropathy is a rare complication of dysthyroid orbitopathy (incidence < 5%). Its onset is often insidious and progression is frequently slow. However it is mandatory to recognize it early as it is a potentially blinding but treatable condition. At the end of the presentation, participants will be able to recognize the various clinical features of dysthyroid optic neuropathy, decide which diagnostic procedures is necessary to establish the diagnosis, understand the underlying physiopathologic mechanisms, and choose amongst the therapeutic options.
ERK activation and monosomy 3 are associated with Src expression in uveal melanoma and may serve as biomarkers for Dasatinib treatment
Authors: VERSLUIS M , EL FILALI M , BRONKHORST IHG , BAGHAT A , LUYTEN GPM , JAGER MJ , VAN DER VELDEN PA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Uveal melanoma (UM) leads to metastasis in up to 50% of the patients. Patients at risk are readily identified using an array of prognostic markers but an effective treatment is lacking. We recently identified Src as an important tyrosine kinase that conveys MAPK activation in UM. GNAQ/GNA11 mutations are the common denominators of oncogene signalling in UM and Src is a likely downstream kinase. We describe the preclinical analysis of Dasatinib, a known inhibitor or Src kinase, in UM.Methods Eight tumours were removed, cultured and exposed to Dasatinib treatment. proliferation and MAPK signalling were evaluated. Additionally, 36 UM samples were analyzed for Src/ERK signalling, GNAQ/GNA11 mutation status, chromosome 3 and known histological prognostic parameters.Results Growth arrest was observed in 5 of 8 UM cultures and molecular analysis indicated that Dasatinib inhibited MAPK via Src. Treatment efficacy associated with MAPK and Src kinase activity as UM cells with the highest Src activity and MAPK activation displayed the strongest growth inhibition. Furthermore, treatment responses tended to be better in UM cultures with monosomy 3. In the cohort of primary UM, Src expression was highly correlated with MAPK activation and monosomy 3.Conclusion We identified the Src family kinase inhibitor, Dasatinib, as a treatment option for UM. Dasatinib inhibits UM proliferation and may also inhibit UM progression as an association between Src and monosomy 3 was revealed. Consequently, monosomy 3 analysis in tumour tissue may suffice both the prognosis and choice of treatment.
Keratin Films for Ocular Surface Reconstruction
Authors: REICHL S , BORRELLI M , GEERLING G 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Keratins are a group of cysteine‐rich structural proteins formed in the epithelial cells of higher vertebrates. Keratin from hair or wool has been proposed as an appropriate biomaterial for producing films or cell cultivation scaffolds. This study was performed to develop transparent, stable and transferable human hair keratin films that support cellular adhesion and proliferation.Methods The films were engineered by a multi‐step procedure including reductive keratin extraction, aqueous dialysis, casting on hydrophobic membrane, drying and a final curing process. The influence of various process parameters on the ultrastructure, biomechanical properties, light transmission and cell growth behavior of corneal epithelial cells on keratin film in comparison to amniotic membrane (AM) were tested. Keratin films were investigated by SDS‐PAGE, SEM and X‐ray analyses. Furthermore, the tensile strength and light transmission of the films were studied. Finally, the growth behavior of human corneal epithelial cells on the keratin films and AM was estimated.Results The film‐forming process resulted in transparent films composed of nanoparticulate keratin structures. The film characteristics could be varied by changing the protein composition, adding softening agent (glycerol) or varying the curing temperature and duration. Based on these findings, an optimized protocol was developed. The films showed improved light transmission and biomechanical strength in comparison to AM. Furthermore, cell behavior on the films was similar to that found on AM.Conclusion Biopolymer films based on human hair keratin may represent a new, promising alternative for corneal surface reconstruction. Further investigations will have to describe the clinical usefulness in animals and humans.
Responce to intravitreal Bevacizumab for macular edema following central retinal vein occlusion in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome
Authors: STECH S , JURKUTE N , JUSKIENE D , CIMBALAS A , ASOKLIS R 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To evaluate efficacy of intravitreal 1.25mg Bevacizumab in patients with pseudoexfoliation sindrome (PEX) and macular edema (ME) secondary to central or branch retinal vein occlusion.Methods A retrospective study was performed on 168 patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein obstruction (BRVO) with significant decreased visual acuity (VA) due to ME. To evaluate the role of 1.25mg bevacizumab in patients with PEX, were created two groups: the first group – 21 patients with CRVO or BRVO and clinical diagnosis of PEX (mean age 74.5 [range 63 ‐ 87]) and the second group – 21 patients with CRVO or BRVO with no clinical signs of PEX (mean age 72.7 [range 60 ‐85]). All patients were analyzed for the best corected VA and optical coherence tomography changes of the central macular thickness.Results A clinical diagnosis of PEX was present in 21 of 168 patients (12.5%), 17 (81.0%) of them had a CRVO and 4 (19.1%) – BRVO. The average of initial VA in the first group was 0.16 (SD±0.19), in the second group – 0.18 (SD±0.19). In the second group the VA after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab was significantly better (0.49 (SD±0.33)) compared to the first group (0.29 (SD±0.26)) (Mann‐Whitney test, p=0.043). Mean central retinal thickness decreased from 696.9µm (SD±261.9) to 261.0µm (SD±154.2) in the first group and 636.5µm (SD±236.9) to 254.5µm (SD±167.2) in the second group.Conclusion Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is signiﬁcantly more common in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion compared to branch retinal vein occlusion. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome could be counted as one of the factors damaging functioning of the neurosensory retina.
Neurovascular coupling and retinal oxygenation
Authors: HAMMER M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Luminance flicker stimulation of the photoreceptors is known to increase retinal blood flow. Oxygen supply may be the target of blood flow regulation. Thus, we investigated the oxygen saturation in retinal arterioles and venules along with their diameters in healthy as well as diabetic subjects.Methods 18 patients with non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy (mean age: 62.2±8.3 years, diabetes type I/II: 4/14, HbA1c: 7.7±0.92, duration of diabetes: 24.1±9.3 years) and 20 healthy controls (71.2±7.5 years) were included. Dual – wavelength (548 nm and 610 nm) fundus images were taken before and during monochromatic (567 – 587 nm) luminance flicker stimulation (12.5 Hz, modulation depth: 1:20) for 90 s. Diameters (central retinal arterial and venous equivalents – CRAE and CRVE) and oxygen saturation (SO2, dual – wavelength optical oximetry) were determined and averaged for all arterioles and venules in an annular area centered at the optic disk (“ARIC”– grid). Changes of these parameters by the flicker were considered for statistical analysis.Results Flicker light increased CRAE, CRVE, and venous SO2 by 1.42%±3.72%, 2.80%*±2.70%, and 2.03%*±2.43% in the patients as well as 4.98%*±6.23%, 8.94%*±5.26%, and 4.20%*±3.71% in the controls (*: p<0.05). This increase was significantly higher in the controls vs. patients for all parameters (t‐test, p<0.05). The arterial SO2 remained unchanged in both groups. After adjustment for the subject’s age, the increase of the venous SO2 correlated significantly (p=0.035) with that of the CRAE in the controls but not in the diabetics.Conclusion Our data demonstrate a coupling of retinal neuronal activity and hemoglobin oxygenation addressing the need of oxygen by the outer retina. Blood flow regulation and oxygen supply seem to be impaired in diabetes.
Commercial interest
Retinal vessel oximetry in glaucoma
Authors: MCNAUGHT A , HARVEY A , MORDANT D , GORMAN A , RITCHIE P , RODMELL P , MORGAN S , CROWE J 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose We undertook retinal vessel oximetry, using spectral imaging, with both sequential and snapshot cameras. We have validated the values obtained using a model eye. We have explored the propagation of light through the retina using Monte Carlo modelling. Clinical retinal oximetry results are presented from normal volunteers, and glaucoma patients.Methods The sequential spectral camera employs a liquid‐crystal tunable filter. Images were captured using a cooled CCD camera, at wavelengths between 550nm and 680nm. The snapshot camera captures multiple spectral images simultaneously. We used the spectral images from these devices to calculate retinal vessel oximetric values, with the output displayed as a retinal oximetric 'map'. We obtained oximetric maps from normal volunteers, and compared these with the oximetric maps from glaucoma patients with a range of visual field loss.Results There were significant differences between oxygen saturation in the retinal venules of the most severely affected glaucoma patients, compared with the normals: the glaucoma patients had higher values of venous saturation, with a correlation between visual field mean deviation (MD) and venous saturation. There were no significant differences in ateriolar oxygen saturation between normals and glaucoma patients.Conclusion We have demonstrated retinal vessel oximetry using two types of spectral imager. We have attempted to validate our cameras using a model eye. We found higher venular oxygen saturation in glaucoma patients versus normals: these findings might suggest reduced inner retinal oxygen consumption in glaucoma. The venular oxygen saturation might represent an objective, clinically useful, measure of ganglion cell health.
Corneal Cell and Nerve Regeneration promoted by Biosynthetic Implants
Authors: LAGALI N , GRIFFITH M , FAGERHOLM P 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To assess cell, nerve, and stromal regeneration in a biosynthetic material 3 years after implantation into human corneas, and compare results to human donor corneas.Methods 10 patients received biosynthetic implants, and 10 received human donor corneas. At 12, 24, and 36 months postoperatively, slit lamp, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT), contact esthesiometry, and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) examinations were performed.Results Thickness remained stable in biosynthetic corneas, while swelling was observed in donor material. Reduced transparency was apparent at graft borders in all corneas, while clear central corneas were observed in all donor corneas and in some biosynthetic corneas at 3 years. At the cellular level, biosynthetic material was incompletely populated by keratocytes after 3 years, while human tissue contained keratocytes and features indicative of stromal cell death, not seen in biosynthetic implants. Only partial touch sensitivity was restored in both groups after three years, corresponding to slow subbasal nerve recovery. Nerve regeneration into the central cornea was apparently impeded by peripheral interface scar tissue in all corneas. The epithelial‐to‐stromal transition was uneven in biosynthetic implants, while epithelium overlying human donor tissue often contained dendritic inflammatory cells.Conclusion No cornea resembled a native cornea at 3 years. Nerve and sensitivity restoration were incomplete, and scar tissue was stable over the long term. Keratocytes slowly populated the biomaterial, and keratocyte death was common in human donor tissue. Only human donor corneas exhibited signs of an immune response at the microscopic level.