bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beschichtungen für Life Science
Authors: Bucher Volker , Nisch Wilfried 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn der Life Science (Medizintechnik, Pharmaforschung, Biologie) werden die aus der Halbleitertechnologie bekannten Dünnschicht‐Verfahren und die dazugehörigen Mikrostrukturierungsverfahren erfolgreich eingesetzt. Nur sie ermöglichen die Funktionen der komplexen und oft miniaturisierten Produkte. Die Life Science ist ein stark wachsender Teil in der Mikrosystemtechnik, der viele Innovationen wie z.B. das Cochlear‐Implantat als Ersatz für das menschliche Ohr hervorgebracht hat oder kurz vor der Markteinführung stehende Produkte wie das Retina‐Implantat ermöglicht.Seit den 60‐er Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts ist der Einsatz von Polymeren („Kunststoffen”︁) in dieser Branche rasant gewachsen und stellt auch heute noch ein Wachstumsfeld für Kunststoff‐Verarbeiter dar. Gründe hierfür sind die preiswerte Herstellung und die einfache Sterilisierbarkeit von Kunststoff‐Einwegartikeln. Oft aber fehlt Kunststoffen eine bestimmte Oberflächenfunktionalität, die jedoch durch eine nachträgliche (funktionale) Beschichtung erreicht werden kann. Die Niederdruck‐Plasmatechnologie als Untergruppe der Vakuumbeschichtungstechnik ist hierfür eine sehr gut geeignete Methode, da die Bearbeitungstemperaturen im Bereich zwischen 20 °C – 60 °C liegen können. Aber auch für keramische und metallische Produkte aus der Life Science – Branche bietet sich eine Fülle von Beschichtungsmöglichkeiten an, z. B. Thrombose‐hemmende diamantähnliche Schichten auf implantierbaren Stents.In diesem Übersichts‐Artikel sollen die Grundlagen der dafür nötigen Vakuumbeschichtungstechnik und Plasmabehandlung und in einer exemplarischen Zusammenschau einige Aspekte und Anwendungsbeispiele aus der Life Science beschrieben werden.
Innovative Technik für die Molekulardestillation
Authors: Bethge Daniel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTemperaturempfindliche Stoffgemische wie Öle, Fette, Pharmazeutika, Vitamine u.a. können mit Hilfe der Kurzweg‐ oder Molekulardestillation in einzelne Fraktionen getrennt werden. Wir stellen eine Neuentwicklung vor, die das Prinzip der kurzen (Brüden‐) Wege mit dem Plattenfallfilmverdampfer kombiniert. Der Betrieb einer Pilotanlage wird im Frühjahr 2010 aufgenommen.
C‐reactive Protein −717C>T Genetic Polymorphism Associates with Esophagectomy‐induced Stress Hyperglycemia
Authors: Motoyama Satoru , Miura Masatomo , Hinai Yudai , Maruyama Kiyotomi , Murata Katsuyuki , Ogawa Jun‐ichi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundStress hyperglycemia refers to the transient hyperglycemia seen during illness and is usually restricted to patients without previous evidence of diabetes. The influence of genetics on surgery‐induced hyperglycemia remains only partially understood.MethodsThe study participants were Japanese patients treated for thoracic esophageal cancer with curative esophagectomy at Akita University Hospital between 2003 and 2007. We determined the associations between esophagectomy‐induced stress hyperglycemia (≥30 mg/dl increases in blood glucose during surgery) and genetic polymorphisms for C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, ‐β, interferon‐γ, transforming growth factor‐β1, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐6 receptors, IL‐10, IL‐12β, adiponectin, and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ.ResultsIn 28 (46%) patients, blood glucose levels increased more than 30 mg/dl during surgery. Among the genetic polymorphisms tested, CRP −717C>T was significantly associated with stress hyperglycemia during esophagectomy. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that patients with the CRP −717T/T genotype had a significantly greater risk of developing surgery‐induced hyperglycemia than those with the CRP −717C/T genotype. Stress hyperglycemia was also significantly associated with postoperative infectious complications and duration of intensive care unit stay.ConclusionsIt is suggested that CRP −717 C>T genetic polymorphism may be a predictive factor for stress hyperglycemia in patients receiving esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer.
Palliative Resection in Noncurative Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Huang Kuo‐Hung , Wu Chew‐Wun , Fang Wen‐Liang , Chen Jen‐Hao , Lo Su‐Shun , Wang Ruei‐Fang , Li Anna Fen‐Yau 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundPalliative resection for noncurable gastric cancer remains controversial, especially in the elderly. This retrospective study was designed to elucidate the clinicopathological factors and operative outcome in patients undergoing palliative gastric resection.MethodsFrom January 1988 to December 2008, 365 patients received palliative gastrectomy while 151 underwent exploratory laparotomy or gastrojejunostomy for noncurative gastric cancer at the Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital. Among the 365 patients, 182 patients (Group A) were aged 70 or less and 183 patients (Group B) were older than 70 years of age. Clinicopathological characteristics and surgical morbidity and mortality were analyzed.ResultsThe overall survival of patients who underwent resection was 10.2 months and that of patients without resection 4.48 months (p < 0.001). Compared to Group B, Group A patients were predominantly female (p < 0.001), had more advanced Borrmann‐type tumors (p = 0.004), more diffuse type of Lauren classification (p < 0.001), and poorer cell differentiation (p < 0.001). The median overall survival was 10.5 months in Group A and 9.7 months in Group B (p = 0.854). The surgical morbidity was significant higher if the patients had comorbidity (p = 0.028). Both surgical morbidity (13.8% vs. 26.8%, p = 0.028) and mortality (0.5% vs. 6.0%, p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in Group B.ConclusionsGastric cancer is less aggressive in the elderly. Palliative gastrectomy can be performed in both younger and older patients, but younger patients tolerate surgery better. More attention should be paid to the perioperative care of the elderly.
Non-linear classification for on-the-fly fractional mass filtering and targeted precursor fragmentation in mass spectrometry experiments
Authors: Kirchner Marc , Timm Wiebke , Fong Peying , Wangemann Philine , Steen Hanno 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Mass spectrometry (MS) has become the method of choice for protein/peptide sequence and modification analysis. The technology employs a two-step approach: ionized peptide precursor masses are detected, selected for fragmentation, and the fragment mass spectra are collected for computational analysis. Current precursor selection schemes are based on data- or information-dependent acquisition (DDA/IDA), where fragmentation mass candidates are selected by intensity and are subsequently included in a dynamic exclusion list to avoid constant refragmentation of highly abundant species. DDA/IDA methods do not exploit valuable information that is contained in the fractional mass of high-accuracy precursor mass measurements delivered by current instrumentation.
Results: We extend previous contributions that suggest that fractional mass information allows targeted fragmentation of analytes of interest. We introduce a non-linear Random Forest classification and a discrete mapping approach, which can be trained to discriminate among arbitrary fractional mass patterns for an arbitrary number of classes of analytes. These methods can be used to increase fragmentation efficiency for specific subsets of analytes or to select suitable fragmentation technologies on-the-fly. We show that theoretical generalization error estimates transfer into practical application, and that their quality depends on the accuracy of prior distribution estimate of the analyte classes. The methods are applied to two real-world proteomics datasets.
Availability: All software used in this study is available from http://software.steenlab.org/fmf
Contact: hanno.steen@childrens.harvard.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Prediction of human functional genetic networks from heterogeneous data using RVM-based ensemble learning
Authors: Wu Chia-Chin , Asgharzadeh Shahab , Triche Timothy J. , D'Argenio David Z. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Three major problems confront the construction of a human genetic network from heterogeneous genomics data using kernel-based approaches: definition of a robust gold-standard negative set, large-scale learning and massive missing data values.
Results: The proposed graph-based approach generates a robust GSN for the training process of genetic network construction. The RVM-based ensemble model that combines AdaBoost and reduced-feature yields improved performance on large-scale learning problems with massive missing values in comparison to Naïve Bayes.
Contact: dargenio@bmsr.usc.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary material is available at Bioinformatics online.
The Arabidopsis rcn1-1 Mutation Impairs Dephosphorylation of Phot2, Resulting in Enhanced Blue Light Responses
Authors: Tseng Tong-Seung , Briggs Winslow R. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Phototropins (phot) sense blue light through the two N-terminal chromophore binding LOV domains and activate the C-terminal kinase domain. The resulting phototropin autophosphorylation is essential for biological activity. We identified the A1 subunit of Ser/Thr protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as interacting with full-length phot2 in yeast and also interacting with phot2 in an in vitro protein binding assay. Phenotypic characterizations of a phot1-5 rcn1-1 (for root curling in n-naphthylphthalamic acid1) double mutant, in which phot2 is the only functional phototropin and PP2A activity is reduced, showed enhanced phototropic sensitivity and enhanced blue light–induced stomatal opening, suggesting that PP2A activity is involved in regulating phot2 function. When treated with cantharidin, a chemical inhibitor of PP2A, the phot1-5 mutant exhibited enhanced phot2-mediated phototropic responses like those of the phot1-5 rcn1-1 double mutant. Immunoblot analysis to examine phot2 endogenous phosphorylation levels and in vitro phosphorylation assays of phot2 extracted from plants during dark recovery from blue light exposure confirmed that phot2 is more slowly dephosphorylated in the reduced PP2A activity background than in the wild-type PP2A background, suggesting that phosphorylated phot2 is a substrate of PP2A activity. While reduced PP2A activity enhanced the activity of phot2, it did not enhance either phot1 dephosphorylation or the activity of phot1 in mediating phototropism or stomatal opening.
SLOW MOTION Is Required for Within-Plant Auxin Homeostasis and Normal Timing of Lateral Organ Initiation at the Shoot Meristem inArabidopsis
Authors: Lohmann Daniel , Stacey Nicola , Breuninger Holger , Jikumaru Yusuke , Müller Dörte , Sicard Adrien , Leyser Ottoline , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Lenhard Michael 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe regular arrangement of leaves and flowers around a plant's stem is a fascinating expression of biological pattern formation. Based on current models, the spacing of lateral shoot organs is determined by transient local auxin maxima generated by polar auxin transport, with existing primordia draining auxin from their vicinity to restrict organ formation close by. It is unclear whether this mechanism encodes not only spatial information but also temporal information about the plastochron (i.e., the interval between the formation of successive primordia). Here, we identify the Arabidopsis thaliana F-box protein SLOW MOTION (SLOMO) as being required for a normal plastochron. SLOMO interacts genetically with components of polar auxin transport, and mutant shoot apices contain less free auxin. However, this reduced auxin level at the shoot apex is not due to increased polar auxin transport down the stem, suggesting that it results from reduced synthesis. Independently reducing the free auxin level in plants causes a similar lengthening of the plastochron as seen in slomo mutants, suggesting that the reduced auxin level in slomo mutant shoot apices delays the establishment of the next auxin maximum. SLOMO acts independently of other plastochron regulators, such as ALTERED MERISTEM PROGRAM1 or KLUH/CYP78A5. We propose that SLOMO contributes to auxin homeostasis in the shoot meristem, thus ensuring a normal rate of the formation of auxin maxima and organ initiation.
Embryo and Endosperm Inherit Distinct Chromatin and Transcriptional States from the Female Gametes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Pillot Marion , Baroux Célia , Vazquez Mario Arteaga , Autran Daphné , Leblanc Olivier , Vielle-Calzada Jean Philippe , Grossniklaus Ueli , Grimanelli Daniel 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Whether deposited maternal products are important during early seed development in flowering plants remains controversial. Here, we show that RNA interference–mediated downregulation of transcription is deleterious to endosperm development but does not block zygotic divisions. Furthermore, we show that RNA POLYMERASE II is less active in the embryo than in the endosperm. This dimorphic pattern is established late during female gametogenesis and is inherited by the two products of fertilization. This juxtaposition of distinct transcriptional activities correlates with differential patterns of histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation, LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 localization, and Histone H2B turnover in the egg cell versus the central cell. Thus, distinct epigenetic and transcriptional patterns in the embryo and endosperm are already established in their gametic progenitors. We further demonstrate that the non-CG DNA methyltransferase CHROMOMETHYLASE3 (CMT3) and DEMETER-LIKE DNA glycosylases are required for the correct distribution of H3K9 dimethylation in the egg and central cells, respectively, and that plants defective for CMT3 activity show abnormal embryo development. Our results provide evidence that cell-specific mechanisms lead to the differentiation of epigenetically distinct female gametes in Arabidopsis thaliana. They also suggest that the establishment of a quiescent state in the zygote may play a role in the reprogramming of the young plant embryo.
Structure of a Heterotetrameric Geranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase from Mint (Mentha piperita) Reveals Intersubunit Regulation
Authors: Chang Tao-Hsin , Hsieh Fu-Lien , Ko Tzu-Ping , Teng Kuo-Hsun , Liang Po-Huang , Wang Andrew H.-J. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Terpenes (isoprenoids), derived from isoprenyl pyrophosphates, are versatile natural compounds that act as metabolism mediators, plant volatiles, and ecological communicators. Divergent evolution of homomeric prenyltransferases (PTSs) has allowed PTSs to optimize their active-site pockets to achieve catalytic fidelity and diversity. Little is known about heteromeric PTSs, particularly the mechanisms regulating formation of specific products. Here, we report the crystal structure of the (LSU · SSU)2-type (LSU/SSU = large/small subunit) heterotetrameric geranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GPPS) from mint (Mentha piperita). The LSU and SSU of mint GPPS are responsible for catalysis and regulation, respectively, and this SSU lacks the essential catalytic amino acid residues found in LSU and other PTSs. Whereas no activity was detected for individually expressed LSU or SSU, the intact (LSU · SSU)2 tetramer produced not only C10-GPP at the beginning of the reaction but also C20-GGPP (geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate) at longer reaction times. The activity for synthesizing C10-GPP and C20-GGPP, but not C15-farnesyl pyrophosphate, reflects a conserved active-site structure of the LSU and the closely related mustard (Sinapis alba) homodimeric GGPPS. Furthermore, using a genetic complementation system, we showed that no C20-GGPP is produced by the mint GPPS in vivo. Presumably through protein–protein interactions, the SSU remodels the active-site cavity of LSU for synthesizing C10-GPP, the precursor of volatile C10-monoterpenes.
Building‐blocks of strategic management
Authors: Fuller Mark 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this conceptual paper is to address the lack of consistent means through which business strategies are identified and discussed across theoretical perspectives in the field of business strategy.Design/methodology/approachA stakeholder‐based approach is used to facilitate the standardized referencing of strategies at the business‐level of analysis.FindingsA taxonomy is developed that facilitates the identification and naming of business‐level strategies in a pan‐theoretical manner. A standardized referencing system is offered to codify the means by which strategies are identified.Practical implicationsPractitioners are provided a taxonomy for identifying stakeholder strategies gaps and determining gaps and opportunities.Originality/valueKey benefits to academics are the improved dialogue in the strategic management field from empirical findings and conceptual discourse that employ a universal lexicon for the identification and categorization of business‐level strategies. Managers will benefit from a more transparent strategic design process that reduces ambiguity, aids in identifying and correcting gaps in strategic planning, and fosters enhanced strategic analysis.
The sharing, protection and thievery of intellectual assets
Authors: Solitander Maria , Solitander Nikodemus 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze how the Intellectual Capital perspective can be altered in order to include ethically questionable practices of knowledge acquisition.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explores the relationship between formal and illicit forms of intellectual capital acquisition through a case study of the Formula 1 industry. The paper is based on secondary data from public sources.FindingsEthically questionable practices are a part of the knowledge economy. In the case study, the view on what was ethical and accepted was changed due to uncovered practices of espionage.Practical implicationsFirms in knowledge‐intensive industries often employ unrecognized informal channels for intellectual capital acquisition. Managers should consider the boundary between right and wrong in their particular industry, and whether they have the tools for dealing with ethically questionable practices.Originality/valueThe paper suggests a complementary interpretation of the Formula 1 industry not only as a best‐practice case of how community and trust knowledge spillovers facilitate innovation, but also how ethically questionable practices of intellectual capital acquisition exist as an accepted part of the process.
Solving business problems using a lateral thinking approach
Authors: Butler Stephen A. 
Published: February 2010

PurposeBasing one's business decision on an approach that relies on experience may work sometimes. Experience is a useful part of the process, but it may also lock the decision maker into a method that cannot lead to an innovative solution. An alternative to this experience‐based (linear) way of problem solving is a certain skillful way of thinking known as lateral thinking. This paper aims to present a simple alternative approach to managerial decision making.Design/methodology/approachHere lateral thinking is defined as methods of thinking concerned with changing concepts and perception. Various tests are suggested that show how it might be measured. These tests were originally developed to identify creative thinking ability. One of these tests is used in an illustrative decision aid to reduce a common decision‐making “bias” labeled “hindsight bias”.FindingsThe simple decision aid reduced the hindsight effect for those decision makers who were deemed to be limited in their lateral thinking ability. Those who could already think laterally were not affected by the decision aid. The decision aid was decision‐making neutral for them.Originality/valueOften, when attempting to improve decision making, the focus is on providing better information or models. Rarely is the cognitive ability of the manager specifically considered. Here, a simple decision aid has been suggested that appears to help managers adopt a different perception of the decision situation. For managers and organizations this is a low cost opportunity to achieve better results.
Employee‐driven innovation: extending the license to foster innovation
Authors: Kesting Peter , Parm Ulhøi John 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline the “grand structure” of the phenomenon in order to identify both the underlying processes and core drivers of employee‐driven innovation (EDI).Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper. It particularly applies the insights of contemporary research on routine and organizational decision making to the specific case of EDI.FindingsThe main result of the paper is that, from a theoretical point of view, it makes perfect sense to involve ordinary employees in innovation decisions. However, it is also outlined that naïve or ungoverned participation is counterproductive, and that it is quite difficult to realize the hidden potential in a supportive way.Research limitations/implicationsThe main implication is that basic mechanisms for employee participation also apply to innovation decisions, although often in a different way. However, the paper only identifies the grand structure of the phenomenon. The different identified drivers have to be further elaborated and empirically tested.Practical implicationsEDI is a helpful tool to gain competitive advantage by utilizing the knowledge and creative potential of employees.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that gives a systematic overview of the grand structure of EDI and derives the most important moderating factors from that.
Organizational paradoxes: dynamic shifting and integrative management
Authors: Bloodgood James M. , Chae Bongsug (Kevin) 
Published: February 2010

PurposeThe primary purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of viewing paradoxes, which are commonly‐accepted logical perspectives that appear contradictory, as being useful for organizational learning and to show why organizational paradoxes need to be managed integratively.Design/methodology/approachThe cultural industries (those that promote art, music and entertainment) are used as a backdrop for developing propositions that explain the benefits of dynamically shifting between poles of a paradox and the relationship between elements of managing multiple paradoxes integratively and organizational outcomes.FindingsIt is expected that organizations which move between the poles of paradoxes are more likely to increase organizational knowledge about their capabilities and to enhance their ability to deal with paradoxes.Research limitations/implicationsOrganizational researchers should consider identifying the direction and rate of movement along the poles of paradoxes by organizations when studying the appropriateness of various organizational methods for achieving outcomes such as growth or performance. Future research should examine a larger variety of paradoxes in order to increase understanding of the appropriateness of their integrative management.Practical implicationsManagers should become familiar with the speed and direction of movement (organizational change) between the poles of organizational paradoxes before making operational and strategic decisions. In addition, managers should be cognizant of the variety of paradoxes present in their organization and of the need for their integrative management.Originality/valueThe paper describes how movement along the poles of organizational paradox enhances organizational learning, as well as the importance of managing organizational paradoxes integratively.