bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Menselijke vrijheid en het Christelijk geloof
Authors: Doomen Jasper 
Published: May 2012

Human freedom and the Christian faith. In this article, it is examined whether there is room for human freedom in a Christian perspective. Augustine’s and Luther’s views are illuminating in order to clarify this matter. The way they deal with the idea of predestination is an important issue. According to Augustine, man is, to a certain degree, able to grasp the way in which God governs man; this idea is not present in Luther’s thoughts. Their notions of ‘freedom’ differ considerably as well; here, too, Augustine has more confidence in human reason than Luther does. However, it is difficult for both Luther and Augustine to defend a notion of human freedom and at the same time maintain God’s foreknowledge. Still, even irrespective of that, human freedom is something which cannot easily be demonstrated. For both Christians and non-believers, the issue of human freedom remains an unresolved problem.*This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief.Reason: ‘The article has been retracted to straighten the academic record. It has come to light that this article has significant overlap with an article that had already appeared in Informción Filosófica, Volume 1 (2004), num. 2, pp. 251–265, entitled ‘De onverenigbaarheid van menselijke vrijheid met het christelijk geloof’. Apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process’.The full-text of the original article (2004) is here: https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/17816
Causes of IOL explantation in Spain
Authors: Fernández-Buenaga Roberto , Alio Jorge L. , Muñoz-Negrete Francisco J. , Barraquer Compte Rafael I. , Alio-Del Barrio Jorge L. 
Published: May 2012

Purpose To study the reasons and the demography of pseudophakic intraocular lens (IOL) explantation in Spain. Methods In this observational multicenter retrospective study, the cases studied correspond to the 15 centers that constitute the Nodo Calidad Visual y Cirugia Refractiva of the Red Tematica de Investigacion Cooperativa (RETICS) sponsored by the Spanish Ministry of Health. Clinical data from all the patients who underwent explantation were assessed. The different reasons that caused the decision of explantation were analyzed. Results A total of 257 explanted pseudophakic IOLs have been studied. Patients’ mean age when explantation occurred was 67.5 years (SD 13.5 [22-99]) and 135 were female (52.5%). The main causes for explantation were dislocation/decentration in 145 cases (56.3%), incorrect lens power in 33 cases (12.8%), IOL opacification in 29 eyes (11.3%), neuroadaptation failure in 16 cases (6.2%), pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in 6 eyes (2.3%), endophthalmitis in 5 cases (1.9%), and “other causes” in 23 eyes (8.9%). Treatment after explantation was posterior chamber IOL implantation in 149 eyes (58%), anterior chamber IOL implantation in 49 eyes (19.1%), aphakia in 39 eyes (15.2%), and missing information in 20 cases (7.8%). Mean time from implantation to explantation was 3.97 (SD 4.68 [0.005-21.1]) years. Conclusions Dislocation/decentration (most of the time with lens in the bag) is the main cause for explantation in Spain, followed by incorrect lens power (which decreased greatly over past years) and IOL opacification. Posterior chamber IOL implantation is the most elected treatment after explantation.
Controlled Release of Antiproliferative Drugs From Polymeric Systems for Stent Applications and Local Cancer Treatment
Authors: Kraitzer Amir , Zilberman Meital 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRestenosis (re‐narrowing of the blood vessel wall) and cancer are two different pathologies that have drawn extensive research attention over the years. Antiproliferative drugs such as paclitaxel inhibit cell proliferation and are therefore effective in the treatment of cancer as well as neointimal hyperplasia, which is known to be the main cause of restenosis. Drug‐eluting stents (DES) significantly reduce the incidence of in‐stent restenosis (ISR), which was once considered a major adverse outcome of percutaneous coronary stent implantations. Localized release of antiproliferative drugs interferes with the pathological proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), which is the main cause of ISR. Conventional approaches to treating cancer are mainly surgical excision, irradiation, and chemotherapy. In cancer therapy, surgical treatment is usually performed on patients with a resectable carcinoma. An integrated therapeutic approach, such as the addition of a delivery system loaded with an antiproliferative drug at the tumor resection site, is desirable. This will provide a high local concentration of a drug, that is, detrimental to malignant cells which may have survived surgery, thus preventing re‐growth and metastasis of the tumor. The present review describes recent advances in systems for controlled release of antiproliferative agents. It describes basic concepts in drug delivery systems and antiproliferative drugs and then focuses on both types of systems: stents with controlled release of antiproliferative agents, and drug‐eluting particles and implants for local cancer treatment. The last part of this article is dedicated to our novel drug‐eluting composite fiber structures, which can be used as basic stent elements as well as for local cancer treatment.
A Universal Scaling Law to Predict the Efficiency of Magnetic Nanoparticles as MRI T2‐Contrast Agents
Authors: Vuong Quoc L. , Berret Jean‐François , Fresnais Jérôme , Gossuin Yves , Sandre Olivier 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMagnetic particles are very efficient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. In recent years, chemists have unleashed their imagination to design multi‐functional nanoprobes for biomedical applications including MRI contrast enhancement. This study is focused on the direct relationship between the size and magnetization of the particles and their nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation properties, which condition their efficiency. Experimental relaxation results with maghemite particles exhibiting a wide range of sizes and magnetizations are compared to previously published data and to well‐established relaxation theories with a good agreement. This allows deriving the experimental master curve of the transverse relaxivity versus particle size and to predict the MRI contrast efficiency of any type of magnetic nanoparticles. This prediction only requires the knowledge of the size of the particles impermeable to water protons and the saturation magnetization of the corresponding volume. To predict the T2 relaxation efficiency of magnetic single crystals, the crystal size and magnetization – obtained through a single Langevin fit of a magnetization curve – is the only information needed. For contrast agents made of several magnetic cores assembled into various geometries (dilute fractal aggregates, dense spherical clusters, core–shell micelles, hollow vesicles…︁), one needs to know a third parameter, namely the intra‐aggregate volume fraction occupied by the magnetic materials relatively to the whole (hydrodynamic) sphere. Finally a calculation of the maximum achievable relaxation effect – and the size needed to reach this maximum – is performed for different cases: maghemite single crystals and dense clusters, core‐shell particles (oxide layer around a metallic core) and zinc‐manganese ferrite crystals.
A complex chromosomal rearrangement involving chromosomes 2, 5, and X in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Griesi‐Oliveira Karina , Moreira Danielle de Paula , Davis‐Wright Nicole , Sanders Stephan , Mason Christopher , Orabona Guilherme Müller , Vadasz Estevão , Bertola Débora Romeo , State Matthew W. , Passos‐Bueno Maria Rita 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHere, we describe a female patient with autism spectrum disorder and dysmorphic features that harbors a complex genetic alteration, involving a de novo balanced translocation t(2;X)(q11;q24), a 5q11 segmental trisomy and a maternally inherited isodisomy on chromosome 5. All the possibly damaging genetic effects of such alterations are discussed. In light of recent findings on ASD genetic causes, the hypothesis that all these alterations might be acting in orchestration and contributing to the phenotype is also considered. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic and environmental causes of variation in perceived loneliness in young people
Authors: Waaktaar Trine , Torgersen Svenn 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLoneliness is prevalent in adolescence, despite the widespread expectation directed to young people to start building close relationships beyond the nuclear family. The aim of the present study was to explore the causal genetic and environmental structure behind variability in adolescents' perceived loneliness. Seven national cohorts (ages 12–18 years) of Norwegian twins reared together (1,394 twin pairs) participated. Perceived loneliness was measured with five items from the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Data were collected from mothers, fathers, and twins' self ratings by means of a posted questionnaire. Biometric analyses were applied, testing the causal architecture of loneliness within a psychometric model with one common latent factor in addition to specific genetic and environmental sources influencing the scores of each informant. The results showed a heritability (h2) of 75% on the latent perceived loneliness factor, and nonshared environmental effects (e2) explaining the remaining 25% of the latent factor variance. There were also significant rater‐specific genetic and nonshared environmental effects. No shared environmental effects were found in the model, and there were no sex differences in the estimates. This study showed that variation in perceived loneliness in adolescents is highly genetic. Additional genetic and nonshared environmental etiological sources are to some extent represented in the scores of the specific rater. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of porogenic solvent on the porous properties of polymer monoliths
Authors: Yu Suzhu , Ng Fern Lan , Ma Khin Cho Cho , Mon Aye Aye , Ng Feng Lin , Ng Yen Yong 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPolymer monoliths with open pores and median pore size of about 15 nm–3 μm have been successfully synthesized by photoinitiated polymerization of butyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate monomers. The solubility of the monomers in a porogenic solvent is determined by Hildebrand solubility parameter, and it is found that it has great effect on the pore size of the polymers synthesized. Polymers with larger pores are usually generated with poorer solvents for the monomers. However, polymers with different pore sizes and porosities have been obtained using porogenic solvents with similar Hildebrand solubility parameters. The evaporation rate of the porogenic solvents might be another critical factor affecting the properties of the polymer monoliths. Moreover, the effect of water as a cosolvent on the pore size and porosity of the polymers have also been investigated. Polymers with larger pore size have been prepared with the presence of water due to the occurrence of earlier phase separation in the polymerization. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Formation of an interconnected lamellar structure in PVDF membranes with nanoparticles addition via solid‐liquid thermally induced phase separation
Authors: Ma Wenzhong , Zhang Jun , Bruggen Bart Van der , Wang Xiaolin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNovel microporous membranes were prepared via thermally induced solid‐liquid (S‐L) phase separation of mixtures containing poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/diphenyl ketone (DPK)/nanoparticles [such as montmorillonite (MMT) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)] in diluted systems with a mass ratio of 29.7/70/0.3 wt %. The crystallization and melting characteristics of these diluted systems were investigated by polarizing optical microscopy (POM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). The nanoparticle structure and the interaction between PVDF chains and nanoparticle surfaces determined the crystallization behavior and morphology of the PVDF membrane. The addition of MMT and PTFE had a significant nucleation enhancement on the crystallization of PVDF accompanied by S‐L phase separation during the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process. It was observed that an interconnected lamellar structure was formed in these two membranes, leading to a higher tensile strength compared with that of the reference membrane without nanoparticles addition. Additionally, addition of MMT facilitates the fiber‐like β phase crystal formation, resulting in the highest elongation at break. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
High temperature ablation of highly filled polymer‐layered silicate nanocomposites
Authors: Paydayesh Azin , Kokabi Mehrdad , Reza Bahramian Ahmad 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAt instantaneous thermal shocks and high temperature conditions, using the charring ablative heat shields is more effective than the other heat protection methods. In recent years, low‐filled layered silicate polymeric nanocomposites were introduced as new class of ablative materials. In this work, highly filled ablative polymeric nanocomposite is prepared and its thermal stability and ablation mechanism is studied under high external heat flux. The thermal degradation kinetics during pyrolysis, the variation of thermophysical properties as a result of ablation process and mathematical modeling of ablation process are performed for highly filled ablative polymeric nanocomposite samples compared with those of their composite counterparts under oxyacetylene flame test. The results show that the ablation performance of highly filled polymeric nanocomposite is higher than that of the composite, and the mathematical model is adequately confirmed by the experimental data of the thermophysical and ablation properties of highly filled nanocomposites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Grafted polysaccharides based on acrylamide and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide: Preparation and investigation of their flocculation performances
Authors: Kolya Haradhan , Tripathy Tridib 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe graft copolymerization of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and acrylamide (AM) were carried out onto different polysaccharide backbones separately. The graft copolymers were synthesized by ceric ion induced redox polymerization technique. Three polysaccharides were used, namely hydroxyethyl starch (HES), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and Amylopectin (AP), for the grafting reactions. Among the three polysaccharides, HEC has linear structure, while HES and AP have a branch one. The graft copolymers were characterized by intrinsic viscosity measurements, FTIR spectroscopy, NMR (both 1H and 13C) spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. Flocculation performances of the graft copolymers were evaluated in 1 wt % kaolin and in 0.25 wt % iron ore suspensions. A detailed comparative study of the flocculation properties of the synthetic graft copolymers was also made. It showed that graft copolymers based on DMA were better flocculants than those based on AM. Among the synthetic graft copolymers, HES‐g‐Poly (DMA) performed best when compared with the other synthetic graft copolymers as well as to the commercial flocculants in the same suspensions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Compatibilization of bentonite filled ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer composites: Effect of maleic anhydride grafted EPDM
Authors: Ismail H. , Mathialagan M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMaleic anhydride grafted ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (MAH‐g‐EPDM) was prepared by peroxide‐initiated melt grafting of MAH onto EPDM using a HAAKE internal mixer at 180°C and 60 rpm for 5 min and it was used as compatibilizer to enhance the compatibility of EPDM/Bt composites. The composites were prepared using a laboratory scale two roll mill, model XK‐160 at room temperature. The addition of 10 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of MAH‐g‐EPDM into EPDM/Bt composite results in significantly improved tensile properties compared with the uncompatibilized EPDM/Bt composites. Curing behavior, tensile properties, solvent resistance, and the rubber‐filler interaction of compatibilized and uncompatibilized EPDM/Bt composites were investigated. The cure time (t90), scorch time (tS2), maximum torque (MH), and minimum torque (ML) of compatibilized composites were increased upon addition of MAH‐g‐EPDM. Compared with uncompatibilized EPDM/Bt composites, the tensile properties, solvent resistance, and rubber‐filler interaction of compatibilized EPDM/Bt composites were all improved. SEM micrographs of tensile fractured surfaces of compatibilized EPDM/Bt composites showed a better dispersion of Bt and interfacial adhesion between EPDM and Bt compared with uncompatibilized EPDM/Bt composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis of a phenylene phenyl phosphine oligomer and its flame retardancy for polycarbonate
Authors: Zhao Wei , Li Bin , Xu Miaojun , Liu Fangmeng , Guan Limin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA novel flame retardant, phenylene phenyl phosphine oligomer (PPPO) was synthesized and its chemical structure was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H, 13C, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometer. PPPO was used to impart flame retardancy to polycarbonate (PC). Combustion behaviors and thermal degradation properties of PC/PPPO system were assayed by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL‐94), cone calorimeter test, and thermogravimetric analysis. PC/6 wt % PPPO passed UL‐94 V‐0 rating with 3.0 mm samples and the LOI value was 34.1%, and PC/8 wt % PPPO also passed UL‐94 V‐0 rating with 1.6 mm samples and the LOI value was 36.3%. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the char properties had crucial effects on the flame retardancy of PC. Mechanical properties and water resistance of PC/PPPO system were also measured. After water resistance test, PC/6 wt % PPPO with 3.0 mm samples and PC/8 wt % PPPO with 1.6 mm samples kept V‐0 rating and mass loss was only 0.2%. The results revealed that PPPO was an efficient flame retardant for PC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Antimicrobial activity of cotton fabrics treated with curcumin
Authors: Reddy Narendra , Han Shinyoung , Zhao Yi , Yang Yiqi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCurcumin, a yellow pigment known to have various biological activities, was applied onto cotton as an antimicrobial agent. Curcumin could provide both color and antimicrobial activity to cotton and can be dyed using a batch or continuous process. However, curcumin and cotton have low affinity and therefore the ability of curcumin to impart durable antimicrobial activity on cotton needs to be studied. In this research, the ability of curcumin dyed onto cotton fabrics to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was studied. Relationships that can predict the rate of inhibition based on the curcumin concentration or shade depth (K/S values) were developed without the need for an antimicrobial test. Durability of antimicrobial activity to laundering and to light was also studied. Curcumin was more effective in inhibiting S. aureus than E. coli. The reduction of bacteria and durability of antimicrobial activity of curcumin to laundering was inferior on cotton fabrics compared with wool. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Structure property relations in polyethylene oxide/starch blended films using WAXS techniques
Authors: Jagadish Rampura. S. , Raj Baldev , Parameswara Puttanna , Somashekar Rudrappa 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA series of polyethylene oxide (PEO)/starch blends were prepared by extrusion and their films were prepared by compression molding. It was observed that the presence of characteristic peaks of PEO and starch at 845 and 1643.7 cm−1, respectively, in FTIR spectra of PEO/starch blends favors the blending of PEO/starch. The physicomechanical and optical properties of PEO/starch‐blended films were measured. The tensile strength of the blended films decreased, whereas the haze values increased with an enhanced starch concentration in PEO/starch blends. The results obtained were correlated with microstructural parameters such as, crystallite size and lattice strain determined using wide angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) data. The X‐ray line profile analysis shows that the crystallite shape area is maximum in PEO and decreases with the addition of starch. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effect of stabilization temperature on gas permeation properties of carbon hollow fiber membrane
Authors: Wan Salleh Wan Norharyati , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCarbon hollow fiber membranes (CHFMs) derived from polymer blend of polyetherimide (PEI) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were extensively prepared through stabilization under air atmosphere followed by carbonization under N2 atmosphere. The effects of the stabilization temperature on the morphological structure, chemical structure, and gas permeation properties were investigated thoroughly by means of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and single gas permeation system. The experiment results indicate that the transport mechanism of small gas molecules of N2, CO2, and CH4 is dominated by the molecular sieving effect. Based on morphological structure and gas permeation properties, an optimum stabilization condition for the preparation of CHFM derived from PEI/PVP was found at 300°C under air atmosphere. The selectivity of ˜55 and 41 for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2, respectively, were obtained for CHFMs prepared at stabilization temperature of 300°C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of a New Class of Bis and Tris Heterocycles
Authors: Padmavathi Venkatapuram , Venkatesh Bhumireddy Chinnachennaiahgari , Muralikrishna Akkarapalli , Padmaja Adivireddy 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA series of novel heterocycles, bisbenzoxazolyl/benzothiazolyl/benzimidazolyl pyrazoles/isoxazoles/pyrimidines were synthesized and evaluated for their antioxidant activity. The bisbenzoxazolylisoxazole 10 exhibited good antioxidant activity when compared with the standard ascorbic acid.
Synthesis, Cytotoxic Properties and Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitory Activity of Novel 2‐Pyrazoline Derivatives
Authors: Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed , Aly Omar M. , Khan Sabine S. , Mukherjee Kamalika , Bane Susan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA series of novel 1‐(3′,4′,5′‐trimethoxybenzoyl)‐3,5‐diarylpyrazoline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic properties on different cancer cell lines and tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity. Compounds 6d and 6e exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines with good tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity. Compound 6d exhibited moderate selectivity toward renal cancer and breast cancer subpanels with selectivity ratios of 3.06 and 5.11, respectively, at the cytostatic activity (TGI) level. Compounds 6e and 6d achieved good tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 17 and 40 µM, respectively. The photomicrographs made for compounds 6d and 6e on cellular microtubules indicated that the cytotoxicity of these compounds can be attributed to their ability to interfere with microtubule assembly. Molecular modeling studies involving compound 6e with the colchicine binding site of α,β‐tubulin revealed hydrogen‐bonding and hydrophobic interactions with several amino acids in the colchicine binding site of β‐tubulin.