bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
über Das Vorkommen Von Proteus X 19 In Dänemark
Authors: Kauffmann F. , Perch Beate 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.1. Aus den Faeces eines 3 Monate alten Knaben aus Kopenhagen, der an akuter Gastroenteritis erkrankte, wurde ein Proteus‐Stamm isoliert, der mit dem von Weil und Felix geziichteten X 19‐Stamme serologisch identisch war. Unter 300 Proteus‐Stammen befand sich nur dieser eine X 19‐Stamm, der mit KP 21 bezeichnet wurde.2. Zur Weil‐Felix‐Reaktion eignet sich der Stamm K P 21 in derselben Weise wie der originale X 19‐Stamm.3. Der Befund von Proteus X 19 im fleckfieberfreien Milieu spricht fur die Annahme, dass die Weil‐Felix‐Reaktion auf dem rein zufalligen Vorkommen eines bestimmten Antigens bei 2 verschiedenen Mikroorganismen (Proteus X‐Stammen und Rickettsien) beruht. Die Hypothesen, dass zwischen diesen beiden Keimen genetische Zusammenhange bestehen, oder dass essich um einen Fall von Paragglutinationcc handelt, werden als unwahrscheinlich abgelehnt.
L. Saxkoebing, Ein Neuer Serologischer Leptospiratyp.
Authors: Petersen C. Borg 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.1. Bei der serologischen Untersuchung zweier danischer Leptospirastamme, die 1942 aus Mausenieren geziichtet wurden (Apodemus flauicollis), zeigte sich, dass sie einen neuen serologischen Typ darstellten, der L. saxkoebing benannt wurde (Borg Petersen 1943).2. L. saxkoebing ist serologisch verwandtcc mit den Typen hebdomadis, H. C., 3705 und sejroe. Alle 5 Typen zusammen bilden die erweiterte Hebdomadisgruppe.3. 3 von Mino 1940141 in Italien gezuchtete sejroe‐ahnliche Stamme, 2 aus Menschen, 1 aus Maus (Apodemus sylvaticus) sind mit L. saxkoebing serologisch identisch.4. Die Virulenz der L. saxkoebing fur Meerschweinchen ist gering. Von 24 infizierten Meerschweinchen starben 3, z. T. mit Komplikationen, doch ohne Ikterus.5. Auch fur iueisse Ratten und Muuse scheint die Virulenz der L. saxkoebing gering zu sein, doch sind nur einige wenige Tiere beider Arten infiziert worden. Sowohl Ratten wie Mause blieben permanente Leptospira‐A usscheider.6. L. saxkoebing ist pathogen fiir den Menschen, jedoch lasst sich der Grad der Virulenz erst nach Beobachtung mehrerer Falle beurteilen.7. Bei Tieren ist L. saxkoebing mit Sicherheit nur bei Apodemus sylvaticus (in Italien) und Apodemus flavicollis (in Danemark) nachgewiesen.8. Absorptionsversuche mit einigen Patientenseren machen es wahrscheinlich, dass in Danemark ausser L. sejroe und L. saxkoebing noch ein unbekannter serologischer Leptospiratyp der erweiterten Hebdomadisgruppecc vorkommt.
Weitere Untersuchungen über Die Coliflora Des Gesunden Menschen
Authors: Perch Beate 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.Bei der Untersuchung von 10 Faecesproben (196 Coli‐Kulturen) einer Versuchsperson P., deren Coliflora vor einem Jahre bestimmt wurde, konnten von 22 fruher festgestellten Coli‐Typen mindestens 2 (eventuell 3) dieser Typen wiedergefunden werden. Trotzdem man es also im allgemeinen mit einer mannigfaltigen, wechselnden Coliflora zu tun hat, so konnen doch einige Typen lange Zeit hindurch nachweisbar sein.
Die Megaloblastenfrage
Authors: Nordenson Nils G. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.Bei der Remission der perniziosen Anamie lassen sich verschiedene Phasen erkennen. Eine Phase, die relativ schnell verlauft, besteht im Ausreifen von makrozytaren Retikulozyten von Megaloblasten, wobei die Retikulozyten im Blut die sichtbare Folge der beginnenden Remission sind.Eine zweite Phase ist die Transformierung der Megaloblasten in Normoblasten uber die Erythroblasten. Diese Phase verlauft anfangs ausserst rasch, spater aber langsamer. Im Blute spiegelt sich der schnellere Teil der Phase in der Zunahme des mittleren Volumendurchmessers und die spatere mehr langsame Phase in einer recht lange anhaltenden Makrozytose wider.Die Normalisierung der Makrozytose erfolgt bedeutend langsamer als nach den Angaben der Literatur. Die Anisozytose dagegen nimmt relativ schnell ab.
STUDIEN ZUR PNEUMOKOKKENIMMUNITÄT IV
Authors: Sjöstedt Von S. , Vahlne G. , Berg N. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.Die Verfasser untersuchen die Einwirkung des Sulfapyridins auf Pneumokokken in vivo sowie in vitro. Bei Versuchen an Mäusen stellen die Verff. nur eine bakteriostatische Wirkung des Sulfapyridins bei kürzerer peroraler Zufuhr fest, und zwar unabhängig davon, ob gleichzeitig spezifische Antikörper zugeführt werden oder nicht. Bei Versuchen mit Wachstumskurven können die Verff. ebenfalls nur eine bakteriostatische Wirkung des Sulfapyridins feststellen. Bei kleinen Impfdosen vermögen die Bakterien diesen bakteriostatischen Einfluss erst nach einiger Zeit zu überwinden. Dies geschieht einmal durch Steigerung der Sulfapyridinresistenz der Pneumokokken, zum andern durch Bildung von sulfapyridinhemmenden Stoffen. Diese sulfapyridinhemmenden Stoffe bilden sich nicht beim Wachstum in gewöhnlichen Nährböden, sondern nur in sulfapyridinhaltigen.Der stiftung »Johan och Therese Anderssons minne« danken wir für geldliche Förderung der vorliegenden Untersuchung.
ON TREATMENT OF SPONTANEOUS LEUKEMIA IN MICE WITH NITROGENIZED MUSTARD GAS
Authors: Pedersen Erik 
Published: August 2010

Summary.The experiments here reported on treatment of spontaneous leukemia in mice with nitrogenized mustard gas — erasin — confirm the clinical results of such therapy insofar as they show a specific inhibitory effect on the leukotic tissue.Recovery of the animals was not aimed at, and probably it would not have been obtained either. But, at any rate, a complete remission may be said to have been obtained in those cases where all the organs examined were found to be free from tumor tissue, while the white blood count was brought down to a normal level.Possibly another series of experiments in which smaller doses of the remedy would be given for a considerable length of time, aiming at the recovery of the animals, might have given some different results. For the possibility cannot be excluded altogether that the large subtoxic doses perhaps have an inhibitory effect on the regenerative capacity of the organism.
VERBESSERTE AUSNÜTZUNG DER BLUTGRUPPENANTISEREN DURCH ANTIKÖRPER‐EXTRAKTION
Authors: Von Jonsson Bengt 
Published: August 2010

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAls Voraussetzung für die Methode, durch Extraktion (in Kälte oder Zimmertemperatur) eines zur Reinigung von Blutgruppenantiseren benutzten Blutkörperchenbreies, weitere Mengen von gut wirksamer Antikörperlösung zu erhalten, wird ein wirklicher Gleichge‐wichtszustand und eine gewissermassen spezifische leicht reversible „Nebenbindung” zwischen dem zu herstellenden Antikörper und irgend einem der Rezeptoren der Blutkörperchen, welcher Rezeptor mit dem Rezeptor des zu herstellenden Antikörpers nahe vewandt sein muss, angenommen.Experimentelle Belege für diese Annahme werden vorgebracht.
THE ACTION OF FREE AVAILABLE CHLORINE ON BACTERIA AND BACTERIAL VIRUSES
Authors: Friberg Lars , Hammarström Ernst 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe influence of variation in the concentrations of cardiolipin and lecithin in the preparation of antigen for Meinicke's test has been studied. An antigen containing lecithin and cardiolipin in the proportion of 3 to 1 gave sensitive and specific reactions with positive sera and stable reactions with negative sera. This sensitive antigen gave a somewhat larger incidence of prozone inhibition (4 plus reactions) than usual; but among 1,782 sera tested with this antigen there was none giving a “biologically false” 4 plus reaction.For the purpose of standardization, an antigen containing lecithin and cardiolipin in the proportion of 3 to 1 with adjustment of the total lipid content against that of balsam of Tolu is recommended.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE REACTION OF CHLORINE WITH BACTERIA IN WATER DISINFECTION
Authors: Friberg Lars 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe reaction of chlorine with bacteria in water disinfection was under various conditions investigated by studying how large a portion of the free available chlorine used‐up was taken up by the bacteria. The amount of the free available chlorine used in the experiments was such that after a 5‐minute exposure none was present any more, i.e. neither free nor combined available chlorine. Great care was exercised in reducing organic impurities to a minimum. All experiments were performed with radioactive chlorine (Cl36). The bacteria used were Esch. coli and Staph. aureus in concentrations of about 50 × 106 bacteria per ml water. The period of exposure of the bacteria to chlorine was 5 minutes. The experiments were carried out at a water temperature of about 20° C and pH‐rates of 6.5 and 8.2 respectively.In connexion with the investigations certain studies were performed as to a possible isotopic exchange reaction between free available chlorine and chloride ions.Results(1) On an average, from 10 per cent to 25 per cent of the free available chlorine used‐up was found in the bacteria after a 5‐minute exposure to 0.5 ppm free available chlorine. (After this period no chlorine was present as free available or combined available chlorine.)(2) An influence was noted of the pH‐rate, i.e. at pH 6.5 the corresponding value was 10–11 per cent, but at pH 8.2 it was 22–25 per cent.(3) On the other hand, no significant difference as regards the amount of absorbed chlorine was demonstrated between Esch. coli and Staph. aureus.(4) The more free available chlorine was added, the larger was the amount of the used‐up chlorine residual demonstrated in the bacteria. Thus, with addition of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm respectively of free available chlorine, values of about 5 per cent, 13 per cent, and 27 per cent respectively were obtained. These experiments were carried out with Esch. coli only, and at pH 6.5.(5) No isotopic exchange reaction bearing on the results was demonstrated between free available chlorine and chloride ions.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE SERIAL TRANSPLANTATION AND GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ITB ASCITES TUMOR OF THE RAT1
Authors: Pyörälä Kalevi 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYWhen transplanting the ITB tumor by means of ascitic fluid, in which the number of tumor cells was small at first in comparison with that of inflammatory cells, the number of the tumor cells contained in the ascitic fluid rose gradually during the process of transplantation until, from the seventh generation onwards, the neoplasm began to grow in the way typical of ascites tumors.The developed ITB ascites tumor has now been transferred through 100 generations. The rate of successful transplantation has been 82 per cent. The properties of growth, the morphology of the tumor cells in the ascitic fluid, and the histological features of the solid tumor infiltration have remained unchanged during the process of transplantation.Inoculation of tumor cells produced an initial polymorphonuclear response in the peritoneal cavity followed by proliferation of mononuclear inflammatory cells. The tumor cells began to increase greatly in number after the second day, until on the sixth the ascitic fluid was an almost pure culture of tumor cells. Regressive changes were seen in the tumor cell proliferation soon after this, the relative number of the tumor cells showing a remarkable fall during the terminal phase of tumor development.In connection with the ITB ascites tumor there is solid tumor growth in the peritoneal cavity which is very abundant during the terminal phase. Infiltration of the omentum by tumor cells begins 2–3 days after inoculation.
TREATMENT OF POST‐IRRADIATION INFECTIONS IN MICE
Authors: Laurell G. , Philipson L. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYWhite mice of a homologous strain were exposed to total‐body x‐irradiation, the dose ranging from 600 to 750 r. They were treated for varying periods with streptomycin alone, RES—(reticuloendothelial system)—stimulating substances, or a combination of these two media. All the substances were administered with the micro‐injection technique.Streptomycin alone in a dose of 1000 gamma per animal per day is found to have some effect against bacterial infections. RES‐stimulating substances alone or in combination with streptomycin do not give uniform results. The experimental conditions in this type of experiment are discussed.
SALMONELLA IN TORTOISES
Authors: Alin Knut 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYNine Salmonella types have been isolated from tortoises. Eight of them belong to types which have previously been identified. One is a new type designed S. solna, with the antigenic formula 28: a: 1,5. I am greatly indebted to dr. F. Kauffmann for valuable help and confirmation of S. solna's antigenic formula.
DELAYED TRAUMATIC INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Austarheim Kristen 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA case of delayed traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (Bollinger's “Spät‐apoplexie”) is discussed. A 2 1/2‐years old boy falls from some steps on to a road, strikes his head, develops a hematoma in the upper part, and has signs of concussion and fracture of the skull. Signs of right‐sided hemiparesis thereafter. Sudden death 23 months later after he had felt out of sorts for 3 weeks. A post‐mortem examination showed cyst formation in the brain stem (medulla oblongata) bounded by glia scar tissue containing some old blood pigment. A massive recent hemorrhage into and about the cyst. This case seems to meet all the requirements demanded for the diagnosis of “Spät‐apoplexie”.The literature of the subject is dealt with in full, particularly with reference to the genesis of these hemorrhages and the requirements to be fulfilled if this diagnosis is to be accepted as definite.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE PATHOGENICITY OF THE L‐PHASE VARIANT OF STREPTOBACILLUS MONILIFORMIS
Authors: Freundt E. A. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe experimental evidence presented in the present work shows that the L‐phase variant of Streptobacillus moniliformis is in itself only slightly virulent to mice, if it is so at all.On intraperitoneal inoculation the infection remained latent until reversion to the bacillary form had occurred; it did not manifest itself if the reversion was more or less inhibited by an appropriate administration of penicillin.In contrast to the results obtained in previous experiments with the bacillary phase of S. moniliformis, it proved extremely difficult to infect mice intranasally with L1 cultures, and attempts to establish an infection by feeding completely failed.In addition, it is shown by immunization experiments that the bacillary phase of S. moniliformis is a better immunizing antigen than the L‐phase variant is, as a vaccine prepared from the latter, though effective against infection with the homologous phase, was unable to prevent infection with streptobacillus cultures. Vaccination with a bacillary vaccine, on the other hand, conferred immunity against infection with both the homologous phase and the heterologous phase.The L‐phase of S. moniliformis may therefore be regarded as a degraded variant: compared with the bacillary form, it is characterized by a deficiency of important biological properties.
HISTOCHEMISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DIE VERTEILUNG DES QUECKSILBERS BEI EXPERIMENTELLER SUBLIMATVERGIFTUNG1
Authors: Voigt Gerhard E. 
Published: August 2010

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei histochemischen Untersuchungen an den Organen sublimatvergifteter Hamster ergibt sich, dass.das Quecksilber alsbald nach der Einverleibung in den Glomeruli sowie in den Hauptstückepithelien der Niere und in den Kupfferschen Sternzellen der Leber erscheint,in den nekrotischen Bezirken der Sublimatniere Quecksilber vorhanden ist,in den riekrotischen Schleimhautbezirken des Darms aucli bei parenteraler Einverleibung ebenso wie in den Wandungen der Gefasse der Darmschleimhaut Quecksilber auftritt.Die Sublimatnephrose wird offenbar durch eine direkte Einwirkung des Quecksilbers auf das Tubulusepithel hervorgerufen und die Darmnekrosen sind ebenfalls als eine direkte Quecksilbereinwirkung anzusehen, wobei allerdings eine Impragnierung der Gefasswandungen in der Darmschleimhaut eine zusatzliche Bedeutung haben kann.
Eine Neue Salmonella‐Species: Salmonella Bern = 1,40:z4,z32:‐
Authors: Kauffmann F. , Fey H. , Steck F. 
Published: August 2010

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs wird eine neue Salmonella‐species: Salmonella bern=1,40:z4,z32:‐, aus einer verendeten Schlange isoliert, beschrieben.
ZUR SEROLOGIE DES SALMONELLA SUB‐GENUS II
Authors: Kauffmann F. 
Published: August 2010

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs werden die Antigenformeln der bisher bekannten 131 Salmonella‐ species des sub‐genus II in einer Tabelle zusammengestellt und mit den ca. 700 species des sub‐genus I verglichen.Zu den O‐Gruppen A—E gehören nur ca. 30% der species des subgenus II, aber ca. 60% derjenigen des sub‐genus I. Beim sub‐genus II kommen also überwiegend die höheren O‐Gruppen vor, sodass dieses sub‐genus auch in serologischer Hinsicht eine Zwischenstellung zwischen den sub‐genera I und III (Arizona) einnimmt.Auch die H‐Antigen‐Verteilung innerhalb der 3 sub‐genera ist deutlich verschieden, sodass diese einen charakteristischen Antigenaufbau besitzen.
ZUR SEROLOGIE DER SALMONELLA O‐GRUPPEN 30, 42, 43, 48 und 50
Authors: Kauffmann F. , Petersen A. 
Published: August 2010

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAuf Grund einer näheren Untersuchung aller bisher bekannten species der Salmonella O‐Gruppen 30, 42, 43, 48 und 50 wird über die Herstellung von Faktor‐Seren zur Diagnose der O‐Untergruppen sowie über die Anwendung von polyvalenten Seren in der Routine‐Diagnose berichtet. Im Kauffmann‐White‐Schema bleiben die O‐Untergruppen unberücksichtigt, sie sollen nur in besonderen, epidemiologisch wichtigen Fällen diagnostiziert werden.
ZUR DIFFERENTIALDIAGNOSE DER SALMONELLA‐SUB‐GENERA I, II UND III
Authors: Kauffmann F. 
Published: August 2010

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs wird über die Differentialdiagnose zwischen den sub‐genera I, II und III des genus Salmonella berichtet, speziell über den β‐Galaktosidase‐Test. Dieser gab beim sub‐genus I negative, beim sub‐genus II teils negative, teils verzögert positive und beim sub‐genus III prompt positive Resultate. Das sub‐genus II steht also auch in dieser Hinsicht zwischen den sub‐genera I und III, von denen es aber deutlich verschieden ist.
Persistent Sexual Dysfunction after Discontinuation of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Authors: Csoka Antonei , Bahrick Audrey , Mehtonen Olli-Pekka 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual dysfunctions such as low libido, anorgasmia, genital anesthesia, and erectile dysfunction are very common in patients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It has been assumed that these side effects always resolve after discontinuing treatment, but recently, four cases were presented in which sexual function did not return to baseline. Here, we describe three more cases.
Case #1: A 29-year-old with apparently permanent erectile dysfunction after taking fluoxetine 20 mg once daily for a 4-month period in 1996.
Case #2: A 44-year-old male with persistent loss of libido, genital anesthesia, ejaculatory anhedonia, and erectile dysfunction after taking 20-mg once daily citalopram for 18 months.
Case #3: A 28-year-old male with persistent loss of libido, genital anesthesia, and ejaculatory anhedonia since taking several different SSRIs over a 2-year period from 2003–2005.

Results
No psychological issues related to sexuality were found in any of the three cases, and all common causes of sexual dysfunction such as decreased testosterone, increased prolactin or diabetes were ruled out. Erectile capacity is temporarily restored for Case #1 with injectable alprostadil, and for Case #2 with oral sildenafil, but their other symptoms remain. Case #3 has had some reversal of symptoms with extended-release methylphenidate, although it is not yet known if these prosexual effects will persist when the drug is discontinued.

Conclusion
SSRIs can cause long-term effects on all aspects of the sexual response cycle that may persist after they are discontinued. Mechanistic hypotheses including persistent endocrine and epigenetic gene expression alterations were briefly discussed.
The Birth of Sexual Medicine: Paolo Mantegazza as Pioneer of Sexual Medicine in the 19th Century
Authors: Sigusch Volkmar 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
It is generally assumed that modern sexual medicine was founded by German psychiatrists and dermatologists. Fequently mentioned are, for example, Richard von Krafft-Ebing and Iwan Bloch. History of modern sexual medicine began, indeed, decades earlier so that nowadays we look back over 150 years—not 100 years—of research, praxis, and teaching.

Aim
The goal of this report is an acknowledgement of the achievements of the Italian professor of pathology and anthropology, Paolo Mantegazza (1831–1910).

Methods
In several European countries, literary historical studies about the history of sexual science and sexual medicine have been conducted for over more than 30 years.

Results
It became evident that Paolo Mantegazza possesses already the whole width of modern sexual-medical activities, from laboratory experiments to cultural-critical and ethnological studies. Curiously enough, his books, translated in many languages, were almost completely forgotten after his death.

Conclusions
Modern sexual medicine originates in the second half of the 19th century, decades before the studies of Albert Moll, Havelock Ellis, Sigmund Freud, Iwan Bloch, or Magnus Hirschfeld. But its present name was coined generally only three or four researcher generations later.
Review of the Empirical Evidence for a Theoretical Model to Understand the Sexual Problems of Women with a History of CSA
Authors: Rellini Alessandra 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionSexual problems in women with a history of child sexual abuse (CSA) are relatively common but only a few studies have attempted to explain the mechanisms of these problems. Given the potential for a variety of factors associated with sexual problems in CSA survivors, the field needs a theoretical model to explain these difficulties.AimThe main aim of this article was to illustrate a theoretical model to understand sexual problems in CSA survivors. Sexual problems are here grouped into hyposexual and hypersexual. A review of empirical studies that support this model is presented. A second aim was to discuss the definition of CSA adopted in research projects.MethodsResults from studies targeting psychophysiologic, affective, and cognitive sexual responses are discussed.Main Outcome MeasuresVaginal photoplethismography, sexual self-schemas, and implicit sexual associations to sexual stimuli were the focus of the studies reviewed.ResultsThese studies showed that during the exposure to sexual stimuli, CSA survivors experienced more inhibitory responses and less excitatory responses than women in the comparison groups. On the other hand, in situations when sexual stimuli were not present, CSA survivors showed a greater excitation of sexual responses than women in the comparison groups. Additionally, CSA survivors showed a potential difficulty inhibiting intrusive sexual thoughts.ConclusionsThe model shows promising qualities to adequately explain the hypo- and hypersexuality of CSA survivors. The advantages of this model over others include the ability to guide the selection of cognitive and behavioral interventions for patients presenting for treatment.