bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incidence and prevalence of Huntington's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pringsheim Tamara , Wiltshire Katie , Day Lundy , Dykeman Jonathan , Steeves Thomas , Jette Nathalie 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is a rare, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by chorea, behavioral manifestations, and dementia. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of HD through a systematic review of the literature. Medline and Embase databases were searched using terms specific to HD as well as studies of incidence, prevalence, and epidemiology. All studies reporting the incidence and/or prevalence of HD were included. Twenty original research articles were included. Eight studies examined incidence, and 17 studies examined prevalence. Meta‐analysis of data from four incidence studies revealed an incidence of 0.38 per 100,000 per year (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16, 0.94). Lower incidence was reported in the Asian studies (n = 2), compared to the studies performed in Europe, North America, and Australia (n = 6). The worldwide service‐based prevalence of HD, based on a meta‐analysis (n = 13 studies), was 2.71 per 100,000 (95% CI: 1.55–4.72). Eleven studies were conducted in Europe, North American, and Australia, with an overall prevalence of 5.70 per 100,000 (95% CI: 4.42–7.35). Three studies were conducted in Asia, with an overall prevalence of 0.40 per 100,000 (95% CI: 0.26–0.61). Metaregression revealed a significantly lower prevalence of HD in Asia, compared to European, North American, and Australian populations. HD is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with a higher prevalence in Europe, North America, and Australia than in Asia. The difference in prevalence of this genetic disorder can be largely explained by huntingtin gene haplotypes. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Relationship between expression of β3‐adrenoceptor mRNA in bladder mucosa and urodynamic findings in men with lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Kurizaki Yoshiki , Ishizuka Osamu , Imamura Tetsuya , Ishikawa Masakuni , Ichino Midori , Ogawa Teruyuki , Nishizawa Osamu , Andersson Karl‐Erik 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimsTo investigate the relationship between urinary bladder mucosal expression of β3‐adrenoceptor (AR) mRNA and urodynamic findings in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic obstruction (BPO).MethodsDuring surgical prostate resection of 32 BPO patients, mucosal biopsies were collected and analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to determine the expression level of β3‐AR mRNA. First desire to void (FDV) and strong desire to void (SDV), detrusor overactivity (DO), and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) were measured pre‐operatively. Patients with FDVs < 200 ml or SDVs < 300 ml were assigned to the small capacity group (n = 19). Patients with FDVs > 201 ml and SDVs > 301 ml were assigned to the large capacity group (n = 13). The same patients with positive DO were also assigned to the DO+ group (n = 11), and those with negative DO were assigned to the DO− group (n = 21). Finally, patients whose position on the Schäfer nomogram was greater than degree V were assigned to the severe BOO group (n = 17), while those with less than degree IV were assigned to the mild BOO group (n = 15).ResultsThe expression level of β3‐AR mRNA was similar in both bladder capacity groups and both DO groups. However, the expression level in the severe BOO group was significantly less than in the mild BOO group (P = 0.043).ConclusionsThe expression of bladder mucosal β3‐AR mRNA was significantly decreased in patients with severe BOO, suggesting that β3‐ARs might be affected by the degree of BOO. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 88–91, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct provider feedback to decrease chemotherapy ordering errors: The “gray envelope” initiative
Authors: Bruce Katie , Hall Laura , Castelo Sarah , Evans Misty , Frangoul Haydar 
Published: June 2012

AbstractChemotherapy errors are the second leading cause of mortality related to medication errors. Most medication errors occur in the provider ordering process. We evaluated the rate of chemotherapy ordering errors in our center and designed an intervention to decrease the rate of ordering errors. The intervention focused on direct confidential written feedback to the providers. Our intervention resulted in a significant decrease in ordering errors from 7% pre‐intervention to 3.9% post intervention (P < 0.001). We conclude that direct written provider feedback can result in a significant decrease in chemotherapy ordering errors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1330–1331. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A facile route to develop electrical conductivity with minimum possible multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) loading in poly(methyl methacrylate)/MWCNT nanocomposites
Authors: Shrivastava Nilesh K , Kar Prativa , Maiti Sandip , Khatua Bhanu B 
Published: June 2012

AbstractToday, we stand at the threshold of exploring carbon nanotube (CNT) based conducting polymer nanocomposites as a new paradigm for the next generation multifunctional materials. However, irrespective of the reported methods of composite preparation, the use of CNTs in most polymer matrices to date has been limited by challenges in processing and insufficient dispersability of CNTs without chemical functionalization. Thus, development of an industrially feasible process for preparation of polymer/CNT conducting nanocomposites at very low CNT loading is essential prior to the commercialization of polymer/CNT nanocomposites. Here, we demonstrate a process technology that involves in situ bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate monomer in the presence of multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and commercial poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) beads, for the preparation of PMMA/MWCNT conducting nanocomposites with significantly lower (0.12 wt% MWCNT) percolation threshold than ever reported with unmodified commercial CNTs of similar qualities. Thus, a conductivity of 4.71 × 10−5 and 2.04 × 10−3 S cm−1 was achieved in the PMMA/MWCNT nanocomposites through a homogeneous dispersion of 0.2 and 0.4 wt% CNT, respectively, selectively in the in situ polymerized PMMA region by using 70 wt% PMMA beads during the polymerization. At a constant CNT loading, the conductivity of the composites was increased with increasing weight percentage of PMMA beads, indicating the formation of a more continuous network structure of the CNTs in the PMMA matrix. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed the dispersion of MWCNTs selectively in the in situ polymerized PMMA phase of the nanocomposites. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Modification of cellulose/chitin mix fibers with N‐isopropylacrylamide and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) under cold plasma conditions
Authors: Sdrobiş Anamaria , Ioanid Ghiocel E , Stevanovic Tatjana , Vasile Cornelia 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA two‐step grafting procedure was applied to cellulose/chitin (CC) mix fibers, namely: activation under the action of cold plasma discharges, followed by reaction with N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) to obtain fibers with responsiveness to external stimuli. The graft samples were characterized using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis and antimicrobial testing. All obtained results confirm the morphological and structural changes after plasma treatment which determine the modification of cellulose fiber properties. It was estimated from XPS data that the degrees of modification/grafting were about 23% for CC/NIPAAm and 13% for CC/PNIPAAm. Such treatment could be transferred to practical technologies, particularly in textile applications and special applications in the medical field. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effective graph classification based on topological and label attributes
Authors: Li Geng , Semerci Murat , Yener Bülent , Zaki Mohammed J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGraph classification is an important data mining task, and various graph kernel methods have been proposed recently for this task. These methods have proven to be effective, but they tend to have high computational overhead. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to graph classification that is based on feature vectors constructed from different global topological attributes, as well as global label features. The main idea is that the graphs from the same class should have similar topological and label attributes. Our method is simple and easy to implement, and via a detailed comparison on real benchmark datasets, we show that our topological and label feature‐based approach delivers competitive classification accuracy, with significantly better results on those datasets that have large unlabeled graph instances. Our method is also substantially faster than most other graph kernels. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2012
Seeding evolutionary thinking by engaging children in modeling its foundations
Authors: Lehrer Richard , Schauble Leona 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAlthough the core work of science is oriented toward constructing, revising, applying, and defending models of the natural world, models appear only rarely in school science, and usually only as illustrations, rather than theory building tools. We describe the rationale and structure for a learning progression to understand the development of modeling under supportive forms of instruction. In this case, elementary and middle school students are modeling “big ideas” in the life sciences that hold the promise of serving as a conceptual foundation for reasoning about the theory of evolution later in their education. In this conceptual paper, we sketch changes from grades K through 6 in representational and modeling practices across three interlocking constructs that, considered collectively, comprise the aforementioned conceptual foundation: Change (in individuals and populations), Variation, and Ecosystems. The paper closes by delineating pedagogical principles for supporting the development of modeling across grades of instruction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96:701–724, 2012
Measuring the impact of the Circle of Trust® approach
Authors: Smith Janet 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis chapter reports the findings of an evaluation that explored the impact of Circle of Trust retreats and the learning and personal and professional applications in the lives of retreat participants. The Center for Courage & Renewal began offering Circle of Trust cross‐professional retreats in 2005 to provide people from any profession with an opportunity to experience a “circle of trust” as described by Parker J. Palmer in his 2004 book, A Hidden Wholeness: The Journey Toward an Undivided Life.
Ontogeny and the effects of in utero brain ischemia on interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐6 protein expression in ovine cerebral cortex and white matter
Authors: Sadowska Grazyna B. , Threlkeld Steven W. , Flangini Alexia , Sharma Surendra , Stonestreet Barbara S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 have been implicated in brain development, injury progression, and fetal/maternal immune interactions. We examined IL‐1β and IL‐6 protein expression in cerebral cortex (CC) and white matter (WM) from non‐ischemic ovine fetuses at 87–90, 122–127, and 135–137 days of gestation, pregnant ewes at 87–90 and 135–137 days of gestation, and fetuses exposed to 48 or 72 h of reperfusion after ischemia. Protein expression was determined by Western immunoblot. In non‐ischemic CC, IL‐1β was higher (P < 0.05) in adult sheep and fetuses at 135–137 than 87–90 and 122–127 days, and IL‐6 higher at 122–127 than 87–90 days, and in adults than fetuses at 87–90, 122–127, and 135–137 days of gestation. In non‐ischemic fetal WM, IL‐6 was higher at 135–137 than 87–90 days, but IL‐1β did not differ. In CC, IL‐1β was higher in ewes at 135–137 than 87–90 days and IL‐6 at 135–137 days and in non‐pregnant adults than ewes at 87–90 days of gestation. In WM, IL‐1β was higher in ewes at 135–137 than 87–90 days of gestation, but IL‐6 did not differ. Forty‐eight and 72 h after ischemia, CC IL‐1β was higher than in non‐ischemic fetuses. Seventy‐two hours after ischemia, IL‐1β and IL‐6 were higher in WM than CC. In conclusion, IL‐1β and IL‐6 exhibit developmental regulation in fetal brain, change during gestation in brains of pregnant ewes, show regional differences in normal brains of fetuses and ewes, demonstrate differential responses after ischemia in CC and WM, and IL‐1β but not IL‐6 increases after ischemia in CC.
Nasal polyposis in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis
Authors: Ahmadiafshar A , Farjd H R , Moezzi F , Mousavinasab N 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to determine the prevalence of nasal polyps in patients with allergic rhinitis and with asthma, and also to assess the impact of this condition on these disorders.Study design:Cross-sectional study.Methods:The presence of nasal polyps was assessed by rhinoscopy and endoscopic examination.Results:Nasal polyps were detected in 60 out of 250 patients (24 per cent) with documented asthma or allergic rhinitis. There was a statistically significant correlation between asthma severity and nasal polyposis prevalence (p = 0.007), but not between allergic rhinitis severity and nasal polyposis prevalence (p = 0.081). The prevalence of nasal polyps increased significantly with increasing patient age and rhinitis or asthma duration.Conclusion:The prevalence of nasal polyps in patients with allergic rhinitis or asthma was higher than previously reported. Given this high prevalence of nasal polyposis, nasal examination and concomitant treatment of this disorder are recommended.
Rupture process and energy budget of the 29 July 2008 Mw 5.4 Chino Hills, California, earthquake
Authors: Shao Guangfu , Ji Chen , Hauksson Egill 
Published: June 2012

The source model of the 2008 Mw 5.4 Chino Hills, California, earthquake is constrained using near‐field seismic body waves recorded by the California Integrated Seismic Network (CISN). Finite fault inversions are preformed for the two fault models based on the nodal planes derived from the CISN moment tensor solution. The northeast dipping plane (strike = 289°; dip = 62°), which has a similar strike as the nearby Whittier fault, is chosen as the causative fault because it fits the data significantly better. Our inversion result indicates that the majority of the Chino Hills earthquake rupture occurred in a compact area. In particular, 48% of the total seismic moment (1.6 × 1017 Nm) was released by the failure of a 1.8 km2 asperity located east of the hypocenter in a short time window from 0.4 to 0.8 s after the rupture initiation. The average slip is approximately 0.5 m but the maximum slip is 1.8 m. The average rupture velocity is 1.9 km/s. The static stress drop calculated using the slip model is up to 80 MPa and the average stress drop changes from 19 to 38 MPa, depending on the average schemes. The weighted average slip velocity is 6.5 m/s for entire rupture and is 11 m/s for the east asperity. The inferred available energy and radiated energy are 8 × 1013 J and 2.5 × 1013 J, respectively. Radiation efficiency is then 0.31, which is moderately low compared with previous earthquakes but consistent with the inferred high average fracture energy density, ranging from 6.5 to 14.8 MJ/m2.
Multidecadal sea level anomalies and trends in the western tropical Pacific
Authors: Merrifield Mark A. , Thompson Philip R. , Lander Mark 
Published: June 2012

Tide gauge data are used to relate low frequency sea level changes over the past 60 years in the western tropical Pacific, including a significant positive trend over the past two decades, to Pacific climate indices. Five‐year averages of western tropical Pacific sea level are well explained by global sea‐level rise and a combination of slowly varying trade wind fluctuations captured by dominant climate indices for the tropical Pacific. Implications for multidecadal sea level variations in the region are considered using reconstructions based on the climate indices.
Trends in Austral jet position in ensembles of high‐ and low‐top CMIP5 models
Authors: Wilcox L. J. , Charlton‐Perez A. J. , Gray L. J. 
Published: June 2012

Trends in the position of the DJF Austral jet have been analyzed for multimodel ensemble simulations of a subset of high‐ and low‐top models for the periods 1960–2000, 2000–2050, and 2050–2098 under the CMIP5 historical, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios. Comparison with ERA‐Interim, CFSR and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis shows that the DJF and annual mean jet positions in CMIP5 models are equatorward of reanalyses for the 1979–2006 mean. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, the mean jet position in the high‐top models moves 3 degrees poleward of its 1860–1900 position by 2098, compared to just over 2 degrees for the low‐top models. Changes in jet position are linked to changes in the meridional temperature gradient. Compared to low‐top models, the high‐top models predict greater warming in the tropical upper troposphere due to increased greenhouse gases for all periods considered: up to 0.28 K/decade more in the period 2050–2098 under the RCP8.5 scenario. Larger polar lower‐stratospheric cooling is seen in high‐top models: −1.64 K/decade compared to −1.40 K/decade in the period 1960–2000, mainly in response to ozone depletion, and −0.41 K/decade compared to −0.12 K/decade in the period 2050–2098, mainly in response to increases in greenhouse gases. Analysis suggests that there may be a linear relationship between the trend in jet position and meridional temperature gradient, even under strong forcing. There were no clear indications of an approach to a geometric limit on the absolute magnitude of the poleward shift by 2100.
CLASS AND SOCIAL CAPITAL IN EUROPE
Authors: Carmo Renato Miguel , Nunes Nuno 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
This paper seeks to understand the way in which social capital resources are incorporated, appropriated and distributed by different social classes in Europe. Its main goal is to produce a conceptual framework by linking the concepts of social capital with the different theoretical assessments made by the sociology of social classes. We use multivariate analysis to work a set of quantitative indicators from the European Social Survey 2008 in order to assess the relationship between these concepts. Our methodological approach combines transnational levels, i.e., it is not an international comparison between European countries but an analysis of individual people and their belonging to social classes.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RELATION BETWEEN POLITICAL TRUST AND FORMS OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN EUROPE
Authors: Hooghe Marc , Marien Sofie 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
In the literature, two competing claims can be found on the relationship between political trust and political participation. While some authors argue that trust is a prerequisite for any form of participation to occur, others claim that distrust can be a motivating factor for participation in non-institutionalised forms of participation. The social movement literature suggests that political trust will only have these behavioural consequences if it is associated with sufficiently high levels of political efficacy. In this article, we rely on the results of the 2006 European Social Survey for an in-depth analysis of the relationship between political trust and participation in 25 countries. The multilevel regression shows that while political trust is positively associated with institutionalised participation, it is negatively associated with non-institutionalised participation. Moreover, the effect of political trust on institutionalised participation is dependent on self-confidence about one's capability to understand politics.
Reduction in deformed wing virus infection in larval and adult honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) by double‐stranded RNA ingestion
Authors: Desai S. D. , Eu Y.‐J. , Whyard S. , Currie R. W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDeformed wing virus (DWV) is a serious pathogen of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., vectored by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor. The virus is associated with wing deformity in symptomatic bees, and premature death and reduced colony performance in asymptomatic bees. In the present study we reduced DWV infection by feeding both first instar larvae and adult A. mellifera with a double‐stranded (ds) RNA construct, DWV‐dsRNA, which is specific to DWV in DWV‐inoculated bees, by mixing it with their food. We showed that feeding DWV to larvae causes wing deformity in adult bees in the absence of varroa mites and decreases survival rates of adult bees relative to bees not fed DWV. Feeding larvae with DWV‐dsRNA in advance of inoculation with virus reduced the DWV viral level and reduced wing deformity relative to larvae fed DWV or DWV with green fluorescent protein‐dsRNA (probably a result of RNA silencing), but did not affect survival to the adult stage. Feeding DWV‐dsRNA did not affect larval survival rates, which suggests that dsRNA is non‐toxic to larvae. Feeding adult workers with DWV‐dsRNA in advance of inoculation with virus increased their longevity and reduced DWV concentration relative to controls.
Differencing sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets frozen in different conditions by impedance measurements
Authors: Vidaček Sanja , Janči Tibor , Brdek Zdenka , Udovičić Doris , Marušić Nives , Medić Helga , Petrak Tomislav , Lacković Igor 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe potential of electrical impedance was investigated to differentiate thawed sea bass fillets (Dicentrarchus labrax) previously subjected to different freezing conditions. The HP 4284A Precise LCR meter was used to measure impedance magnitude (|Z|) and phase (ϕ) at 27 frequencies from 0.1 to 1000 kHz. A needle‐type multi electrode array was tested as a probe for impedance measurements. The study showed that fast and non‐invasive control method based on measurement of ϕ on thawed fillets could assess the freezing conditions of white fish at higher frequencies of measurements (500–1000 kHz). The advantages of ϕ when compared with |Z| include its independence on temperature, on puncture depth of the probe and on duration of storage prior to freezing. Usage of a needle‐type multi electrode array reduced the effect of muscle tissue anisotropy; however, even at 1 MHz, the differences in electrical measurements varied around 10–11% depending on muscle fibre direction.
Comparison of proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles in wild, pond‐ and cage‐cultured longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris)
Authors: Wang Fei , Ma Xuzhou , Wang Wu , Liu Jiyuan 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe proximate composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles in the fillets of wild, pond‐ and cage‐cultured longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris) were determined to identify nutritional differences. Wild fish showed higher (P < 0.05) moisture and viscerosomatic index (VSI), but lower (P < 0.05) protein, ash and gross energy than cage‐cultured fish. Pond‐cultured fish contained lower (P < 0.05) protein and ash contents, but higher VSI compared to cage‐cultured fish. The amino acid of glycine content was higher (P < 0.05) in wild fish than in pond‐ and cage‐cultured fish. Most of the fatty acids had a significant difference among all fish groups. The percentages of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑ PUFAs) were higher (P < 0.05) in wild and pond‐cultured fish than in cage‐cultured fish. Pond‐cultured fish had higher (P < 0.05) ∑ n‐3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahxaenoic acid (DHA) and ∑ n‐3/∑ n‐6 PUFAs ratio than wild and cage‐cultured fish. The differences among the wild, pond‐ and cage‐cultured fish may be attributed to dietary components and environmental conditions of the fish.