bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Misfit dislocations and surface morphology of InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures grown by MOVPE
Authors: Gelczuk Łukasz , Dąbrowska‐Szata Maria , Masalska Agata , Łusakowska Elżbieta , Dłużewski Piotr 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA two‐dimensional network of misfit dislocations at the interface of the partially relaxed Inx Ga1‐x As epitaxial layers grown on (001)‐oriented GaAs substrates by metalorganic vapor‐phase epitaxy (MOVPE) has been revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A close correspondence between the distribution of interfacial misfit dislocations and undulating surface morphology in the form of a characteristic cross‐hatch pattern has been observed by means of atomic force microcopy (AFM). Anisotropic strain relaxation attributed to the asymmetry in the formation of misfit dislocations has been also reproduced on the surface in the form of a fine pattern, cutting the cross‐hatch one. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Makyoh topography for the studies of extended defects: possibilities and limitations
Authors: Riesz Ferenc 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe sensitivity of Makyoh topography is analysed using analytic model calculations for the study of surface topographical fingerprints of localised defects. The effects of non‐ideal collimation of the illumination is considered. Supporting experimental data on the investigation of the swirl defect in p‐type Si wafers are presented. A height sensitivity of better than 30 nm over 1.5 mm spatial period is demonstrated by comparison to surface stylus profiling. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of dislocation trails on gold diffusion in Si
Authors: Feklisova O. V. , Yakimov E. B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractGold diffusion in plastically deformed Si containing dislocation trails has been carried out at temperatures 700 and 750 °C. The substitutional gold depth profile has been studied by successive sample etching and DLTS profiling. It is observed that the gold concentration in plastically deformed Si is about 10 times higher than that in defect‐free Si. Moreover, it is at least 10 times higher than that estimated for the dislocation density revealed in the samples under study. It is concluded that the observed increase in the substitutional gold concentration is associated with defects in the dislocation trails formed behind moving dislocations. It is assumed that both sinks for self‐interstitials and traps for interstitial gold present in the samples under study. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Is there an impact of threading dislocations on the characteristics of devices fabricated in strained‐Ge substrates?
Authors: Simoen Eddy , Brouwers Gijs , Yang Rui , Eneman Geert , Gonzalez Mireia Bargallo , Leys Frederick , De Jaeger Brice , Mitard Jerome , Brunco David , Souriau Laurent , Cody Nyles , Thomas Shawn , Lajaunie Luc , David Marie‐Laure , Meuris Marc 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe electrical impact of threading dislocations in strained‐germanium (s‐Ge) grown on a strain‐relaxed Si0.2Ge0.8 buffer is investigated by means of the current‐voltage (I‐V) and capacitance‐voltage (C‐V) characteristics of p+n and n+p junctions fabricated in these layers. For comparison, reference devices with a two to three orders of magnitude lower threading dislocation density (TDD) have also been studied. While the leakage current of the s‐Ge diodes is about two decades higher, indicating an overall correlation with TDD, the impact of a post‐growth anneal cannot be explained by a removal of TDs. Instead, it is believed that the heat‐treatment‐induced improvement of the reverse current is associated with the removal of point defect clusters from the SiGe buffer layers. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integrated modeling and verification of 2D grown‐in microdefect distributions in Cz dislocation‐free silicon single crystals
Authors: Prostomolotov Anatoly 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInfluence of the thermal shield on temperature zones, microdefect formation and occurrence of diameter distortion in Cz dislocation‐free silicon single crystal is analyzed. Results of integrated modeling of thermal field and distributions of intrinsic point defects (IPD) in the ingot shoulder and across the cylindrical body of grown silicon crystal are discussed. An application of the pre sent model of defect formation to rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of silicon wafers is shown. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling of nucleation and evolution of hydrogen‐induced platelets in silicon crystals
Authors: Velichko Oleg , Shaman Yury , Fedotov Alexander 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA model for nucleation and evolution of hydrogen induced platelets (HIPs) in silicon crystals during plasma treatment is proposed and analyzed. The derived equations allow one to trace the evolution of the concentration distribution for platelets depending on their size and to calculate the total concentration of hydrogen trapped by HIPs. The results of numerical simulation agree well with the available experimental data confirming the validity of the assumptions made to develop the model. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Profile of EBIC dislocation contrast in semiconductors with small diffusion length
Authors: Yakimov E. B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe contrast of dislocation perpendicular to the surface in the Electron Beam Induced Current mode in GaN films has been studied by a computer simulation and has been measured experimentally. It is shown that contrary to the case of traditional semiconductors, the profile width of dislocation EBIC contrast in the crystals with small diffusion length decreases with beam energy increasing. It is shown that the contrast decay with distance to a dislocation could not be used for the direct diffusion length measurements. Instead, to estimate the diffusion length value a comparison of total simulated dislocation profile with the experimental one should be used. The similar conclusion could be made for the dislocation contrast in the cathodoluminescence mode. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Empirical Bayes models of Poisson clinical trials and sample size determination
Authors: Zaslavsky Boris G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBayesian methods are often used to reduce the sample sizes and/or increase the power of clinical trials. The right choice of the prior distribution is a critical step in Bayesian modeling. If the prior not completely specified, historical data may be used to estimate it. In the empirical Bayesian analysis, the resulting prior can be used to produce the posterior distribution. In this paper, we describe a Bayesian Poisson model with a conjugate Gamma prior. The parameters of Gamma distribution are estimated in the empirical Bayesian framework under two estimation schemes. The straightforward numerical search for the maximum likelihood (ML) solution using the marginal negative binomial distribution is unfeasible occasionally. We propose a simplification to the maximization procedure. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is used to create a set of Poisson parameters from the historical count data. These Poisson parameters are used to uniquely define the Gamma likelihood function. Easily computable approximation formulae may be used to find the ML estimations for the parameters of gamma distribution. For the sample size calculations, the ML solution is replaced by its upper confidence limit to reflect an incomplete exchangeability of historical trials as opposed to current studies. The exchangeability is measured by the confidence interval for the historical rate of the events. With this prior, the formula for the sample size calculation is completely defined. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beurteilung von Korrosionsschutzsystemen für Offshore‐Windenergietürme – Teil 2: Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen
Authors: Momber Andreas , Plagemann Peter , Stenzel Volkmar , Schneider Michael 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIm Rahmen von Auslagerungs‐ und Laborprüfungen wurde die Korrosionsschutzwirkung verschiedener, für den Schutz von Offshore‐Windenergietürmen geeigneter Systeme untersucht. Zu den untersuchten Systemen gehörten Duplexsysteme mit Zn/Al‐Metallisierung, mehrschichtige organische Systeme, ein einschichtiges organisches System, eine Zn/Mg‐Metallisierung sowie unbeschichtete Bereiche mit kathodischem Korrosionsschutz. Alle Systeme wurden an speziell gefertigten Auslagerungsprobekörpern sowie an Laborprobekörpern geprüft. Die im Labormaßstab durchgeführten Prüfungen umfassten Tauchversuche, Alterungsversuche, Versuche zur kathodischen Verträglichkeit und Messungen mittels elektrochemischer Impedanzspektroskopie. Im Teil 1 des Beitrages, veröffentlicht im Heft 4/2009, wurden Konzeption und Durchführung der Prüfungen sowie die verwendeten Probekörper und Korrosionsschutzsysteme detailliert beschrieben. Über die Ergebnisse der Prüfungen wird im Teil 2 berichtet.Assessment of corrosion protection systems for offshore wind energy towers – part 2: Results and conclusions.Based on field and on laboratory tests, the corrosion protective performance of different corrosion protection systems for offshore wind energy towers was investigated. The systems under investigation included duplex systems with Zn/Al metallization, multi‐layered organic systems, a single‐layer thick organic system, Zn/Mg metallization and cathodic protection of uncoated sections. Special field specimens and laboratory specimens were utilized in order to investigate the systems. Laboratory tests included immersion tests, ageing tests, test on cathodic compatibility and electro‐chemical impedance spectroscopy. Part 1 of the paper (Stahlbau, No. 4/2009) covererd the general experimental design and details of the experimental procedures, whereas Part 2 deals with the results of the test programme.
Kollisionssicherheit von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Biehl Florian 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDie Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist als rohstoffarmes Land in besonderer Weise auf die Einfuhr von Energieträgern angewiesen. Dies führt zu einer starken Abhängigkeit von den Liefernationen. Daher werden erneuerbare Energiequellen wie Wind‐, Solar‐ und Wasserkraft seit einigen Jahren stark subventioniert, um einen Teil des Energiebedarfs aus diesen decken zu können. Die Erzeugung von Strom aus Wind hat sich als eine sowohl ökonomisch als auch ökologisch sinnvolle Variante herausgestellt. Durch den massiven Ausbau der Windenergie sind heute fast alle möglichen Standorte an Land besiedelt. Die Entwicklung von immer leistungsfähigeren Windenergieanlagen (WEA) erlaubt es nun, die weitaus höheren Windgeschwindigkeiten auf hoher See zu nutzen.Im Bereich der deutschen Nord‐ und Ostsee sind einige Offshore‐Windparks geplant, die an Gebiete mit sehr regem Schiffsverkehr grenzen. Nach § 3 SeeAnlV ist nachzuweisen, dass ein Windpark die Sicherheit und Leichtigkeit des Schiffsverkehrs sowie die Meeresumwelt nicht gefährdet.Collision safety of offshore wind turbines.Germany, as a country with few natural resources relies on the import of energy sources. This leads to a strong dependence on the supplier nations. Therefore, renewable energy sources like wind, solar, or waterpower are heavily subsidized, to cover a part of the required energy. To generate energy from wind is an economic an ecologic useful procedure. By the massive expansion of the wind energy you will find wind turbines nearly in any part of the country. Due to the development of more powerful wind turbines it is possible to set them up offshore.In some areas next to high shipping traffic in the German North and Baltic Sea, wind energy farms are in planning. According to Clause 3 SeeAnlV it is to demonstrate, that a wind energy farm will not endanger the security and waftability of the shipping traffic and the marine environment.
Traglast von Verbandsstäben aus Hohlprofilen mit quasi‐zentrischem Knotenblechanschluss
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Ofner Robert 
Published: June 2009

Abstractm Hoch‐ und Industriebau werden oft Fachwerk‐ bzw. Verbandsstäbe mit Hohlprofilquerschnitten ausgeführt, die an beiden Stabenden eingeschlitzte Knotenbleche aufweisen. Diese schließen mittels einer einfachen Baustellenschweiß‐ bzw. Schraubverbindung an ebene – nicht weiter ausgesteifte – Bleche der weiterführenden Konstruktion an. Dabei wird in der Praxis mitunter ein quasi‐zentrischer Anschluss ausgeführt, indem das eingeschlitzte Knotenblech zur Stabachse eine Exzentrizität im Ausmaß der halben Knotenblechdicke aufweist, so dass die Stabexzentrizität minimiert wird.Nachfolgend wird das Tragverhalten und die Traglast derartiger Verbandsstäbe unter Zug‐ und Drucknormalkräften anhand numerischer Traglastberechnungen analysiert und mit einfachen Berechnungsmodellen der Ingenieurpraxis, auf Basis des Eurocodes – mit und ohne Erfassung der Exzentrizitäten, verglichen.Die geometrischen Parameter und Randbedingungen werden derart variiert, dass übliche praktische Fälle abgedeckt sind. Trotz der beschränkten Anzahl an untersuchten Einzelstabausführungen ist durch gezielte Variation der Haupteinflussgrößen eine allgemeine Beurteilung des Tragverhaltens möglich. Darauf aufbauend wird ein verbessertes Ingenieurmodell vorgestellt, das eine zutreffende Bemessung erlaubt.Load bearing capacity of bracing members with almost centric joints.In building constructions for bracing members often hollow sections are used with slotted gusset plates at the ends. These plates are attached to unstiffened plates of the adjacent construction. In practice sometimes a nearly centred joint is designed, by arranging the slotted gusset plate with an eccentricity of half the plate thickness to the member axis, so that the member eccentricity is minimised.In the paper the load carrying behaviour of such members under compression and tension is discussed based on numerical analyses with nonlinear FE models including imperfections. The results are also compared with simplified engineering models, based on the Eurocode.The geometric parameters and boundary conditions are varied in such a way that practical cases are covered and that the typical load carrying behaviour can be seen. Based on these results an improved engineering model for the design is represented.
Assessing the interest for systems engineering positions and other engineering positions' required capacity for engineering systems thinking (CEST)
Authors: Frank Moti 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe selection process for systems engineering positions should reliably predict those employees who can succeed and reject those who are likely to fail. In order to be a successful systems engineer, one must have both a will and an interest to be a systems engineer. This paper introduces a tool for assessing engineers' interest regarding systems engineering positions and the results of three studies aimed at examining its reliability and validity. The will and the interest to be a systems engineer mainly means the will and interest to deal with positions that require a capacity for engineering systems thinking (CEST). The interest inventory presented in this paper is a tool for assessing Interest for Systems Engineering Positions and other Engineering Position' Required Capacity for Engineering Systems Thinking (CEST). The findings of the three studies indicate that the tool might prove to be a useful instrument, which could be used by organizations, as well as systems engineering researchers and educators alike. However, the results still await verification and validation by additional studies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
Investigating the effect of stiffness and strength of each component on overall stiffness and strength of yielding damped braced core (YDBC)
Authors: Sabouri‐Ghomi Saeid , Payandehjoo Barash 
Published: June 2009

SUMMARYYielding damped braced core (YDBC) consists of a central‐framed steel plate (damper) located at the intersection of X bracing members. In severe earthquakes, the damper would yield and will result in spindle hysteresis cycles. YDBC is capable of dissipating large amounts of energy. In the present paper, an investigation is made on how individual components of the system affect the overall strength and stiffness of the system. The results are verified by a sample problem. It is calculated that the stiffness of braces, as well as the central core, play a major role in system overall stiffness. And finally, using properly designed braces, the energy absorption mechanism could be transferred to the central core. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐recognition in the Asian elephant and future directions for cognitive research with elephants in zoological settings
Authors: Plotnik Joshua M. , de Waal Frans B.M. , Moore Donald , Reiss Diana 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe field of animal cognition has grown steadily for nearly four decades, but the primary focus has centered on easily kept lab animals of varying cognitive capacity, including rodents, birds and primates. Elephants (animals not easily kept in a laboratory) are generally thought of as highly social, cooperative, intelligent animals, yet few studies—with the exception of long‐term behavioral field studies—have been conducted to directly support this assumption. In fact, there has been remarkably little cognitive research conducted on Asian (Elephas maximus) or African (Loxodonta africanaorL. cyclotis) elephants. Here, we discuss the opportunity and rationale for conducting such research on elephants in zoological facilities, and review some of the recent developments in the field of elephant cognition, including our recent study on mirror self‐recognition inE. maximus. Zoo Biol 29:179–191, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partial Splenic Embolization Versus Splenectomy for the Management of Hypersplenism in Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Amin Mahmoud A. , El Gendy Mohamed M. , Dawoud Ibrahim E. , Shoma Ashraf , Negm Ahmed M. , Amer Talal A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundHypersplenism occurs in patients with chronic liver disease, and splenectomy is the definitive treatment. However, the operation may be hazardous in patients with poor liver function. In recent years, partial splenic embolization (PSE) has been widely used in patients with hypersplenism and cirrhosis. This study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of PSE compared to splenectomy in the management of hypersplenism in cirrhotic patients.MethodsThis study comprised 40 patients with hypersplenism secondary to cirrhosis. They were divided into two groups, each including 20 patients. The first group of patients were treated by PSE using polyvinyl alcohol particles to achieve embolization of at least 50% of the distal branches of the splenic artery. Postembolization arteriography and computed tomography were performed to document the extent of devascularization. Patients in the second group were treated by splenectomy with or without devascularization and left gastric ligation according to the presence or absence of esophageal varices.ResultsThere was marked improvement in platelet and leukocytic counts in both groups, and the counts remained at appropriate levels during the follow‐up period. All patients in the first group had problems related to postembolization syndrome that abated by the first week. One patient in the first group died from myocardial infarction. No deaths occurred in the second group. Asymptomatic portal vein thrombosis developed in one patient in the first group that was treated with anticoagulation, and another patient developed splenic abscess treated by splenectomy with a good outcome. In the second group, three patients developed portal vein thrombosis, one of them being readmitted 4 months postoperatively with mesenteric vascular occlusion; that patient underwent a resection anastomosis with good outcome.ConclusionsPartial splenic embolization is an effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of hypersplenism secondary to chronic liver disease. It is a simple, rapid procedure that is easily performed under local anesthesia; and it allows preservation of adequate splenic tissue to safeguard against overwhelming infection.
A comparison of phenotypic plasticity between two species occupying different positions in a successional sequence
Authors: Huang Yingxin , Zhao Xueyong , Zhang Hongxuan , Huang Gang , Luo Yayong , Japhet Wisdom 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe compared the phenotypic plasticity of two greenhouse‐grown species (Corispermum macrocarpum and Salsola collina) occupying different positions in a successional sequence in Horqin Sandy Land, by treating with different population density and the availability of soil nutrients and water. The same species can exhibit different patterns of plasticity in response to different environmental factors. In the soil nutrient treatments, the plasticity pattern of S. collina could be described as “master‐of‐some”. However, in the soil‐water and population‐density treatments, it showed no significant difference from C. macrocarpum in the reaction norm for plasticity. It was similar to a “jack‐of‐all‐trades” plasticity pattern. Contrary to the previous conclusion that late successional species had higher reproductive allocation than early successional species, in this successional sequence, the late species had lower reproductive allocation in all treatments. Reproductive allocation of both species increased with the increase in water availability and also increased with a decrease in nutrient levels. However, density had no effect on reproductive allocation. Although the root:shoot ratio increased with decreasing water availability, there were no differences in the plasticity pattern for this trait in both species. Root:shoot ratio was, however, not significantly affected by nutrient availability and density. In a word, the plasticity patterns of invaders are adapted to the analyses of succession.
Effect of Hydrothermal Treatment of Rapeseed on Antioxidant Capacity of the Pressed Rapeseed Oil
Authors: Szydłowska‐Czerniak Aleksandra , Karlovits György , Sosna‐Sárdi Ágnes , Dianoczki Csilla , Szłyk Edward 
Published: June 2009

AbstractResponse surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the quantitative effects of two independent variables, rapeseed moisture content and conditioning temperature, on the antioxidant capacity (AC) and total phenolic (TPC), tocopherol (TTC), and phosphorus contents (PC) in the pressed rapeseed oils. The mean AC results for the crude rapeseed oils ranged from 199.8 to 947.2 µmolTE/100 g. TPC and PC in the crude rapeseed oils correlated significantly (P < 0.01) and positively with AC of oils (R2 = 0.9498 and 0.4396, respectively). The experimental results of AC, TPC, and PC were close to the predicted values calculated from the polynomial response surface model equations (R2 = 0.9801, 0.9747 and 0.9165, respectively). The effect of oil processing temperature on AC and TPC was about 1.5 times greater than the effect of moisture level in rapeseed.