bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: a population-based cohort study of 1.3 million women in Norway
Authors: Støer Nathalie C. , Vangen Siri , Singh Deependra , Fortner Renée T. , Hofvind Solveig , Ursin Giske , Botteri Edoardo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
It is important to monitor the association between menopausal hormone therapy (HT) use and breast cancer (BC) risk with contemporary estimates, and specifically focus on HT types and new drugs.

Methods
We estimated hazard ratios (HR) of BC risk according to HT type, administration route and individual drugs, overall and stratified by body mass index (BMI), molecular subtype and detection mode, with non-HT use as reference.

Results
We included 1,275,783 women, 45+ years, followed from 2004, for a median of 12.7 years. Oral oestrogen combined with daily progestin was associated with the highest risk of BC (HR 2.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.31–2.54), with drug-specific HRs ranging from Cliovelle®: 1.63 (95% CI 1.35–1.96) to Kliogest®: 2.67 (2.37–3.00). Vaginal oestradiol was not associated with BC risk. HT use was more strongly associated with luminal A cancer (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.86–2.09) than other molecular subtypes, and more strongly with interval (HR 2.00, 95% CI: 1.83–2.30) than screen-detected (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.26–1.41) BC in women 50–71 years. HRs for HT use decreased with increasing BMI.

Conclusions
The use of oral and transdermal HT was associated with an increased risk of BC. The associations varied according to HT type, individual drugs, molecular subtype, detection mode and BMI.
Renal macrophages and NLRP3 inflammasomes in kidney diseases and therapeutics
Authors: Islamuddin Mohammad , Qin Xuebin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMacrophages are exceptionally diversified cell types and perform unique features and functions when exposed to different stimuli within the specific microenvironment of various kidney diseases. In instances of kidney tissue necrosis or infection, specific patterns associated with damage or pathogens prompt the development of pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1). These M1 macrophages contribute to exacerbating tissue damage, inflammation, and eventual fibrosis. Conversely, anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) arise in the same circumstances, contributing to kidney repair and regeneration processes. Impaired tissue repair causes fibrosis, and hence macrophages play a protective and pathogenic role. In response to harmful stimuli within the body, inflammasomes, complex assemblies of multiple proteins, assume a pivotal function in innate immunity. The initiation of inflammasomes triggers the activation of caspase 1, which in turn facilitates the maturation of cytokines, inflammation, and cell death. Macrophages in the kidneys possess the complete elements of the NLRP3 inflammasome, including NLRP3, ASC, and pro-caspase-1. When the NLRP3 inflammasomes are activated, it triggers the activation of caspase-1, resulting in the release of mature proinflammatory cytokines (IL)-1β and IL-18 and cleavage of Gasdermin D (GSDMD). This activation process therefore then induces pyroptosis, leading to renal inflammation, cell death, and renal dysfunction. The NLRP3–ASC–caspase-1–IL-1β–IL-18 pathway has been identified as a factor in the development of the pathophysiology of numerous kidney diseases. In this review, we explore current progress in understanding macrophage behavior concerning inflammation, injury, and fibrosis in kidneys. Emphasizing the pivotal role of activated macrophages in both the advancement and recovery phases of renal diseases, the article delves into potential strategies to modify macrophage functionality and it also discusses emerging approaches to selectively target NLRP3 inflammasomes and their signaling components within the kidney, aiming to facilitate the healing process in kidney diseases.
Microbial community structure of plant-based meat alternatives
Authors: Roch Franz-Ferdinand , Dzieciol Monika , Quijada Narciso M. , Alteio Lauren V. , Mester Patrick-Julian , Selberherr Evelyne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA reduction in animal-based diets has driven market demand for alternative meat products, currently raising a new generation of plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs). It remains unclear whether these substitutes are a short-lived trend or become established in the long term. Over the last few years, the trend of increasing sales and diversifying product range has continued, but publication activities in this field are currently limited mainly to market research and food technology topics. As their popularity increases, questions emerge about the safety and nutritional risks of these novel products. Even though all the examined products must be heated before consumption, consumers lack experience with this type of product and thus further research into product safety, is desirable. To consider these issues, we examined 32 PBMAs from Austrian supermarkets. Based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, the majority of the products were dominated by lactic acid bacteria (either Leuconostoc or Latilactobacillus), and generally had low alpha diversity. Pseudomonadota (like Pseudomonas and Shewanella) dominated the other part of the products. In addition to LABs, a high diversity of different Bacillus, but also some Enterobacteriaceae and potentially pathogenic species were isolated with the culturing approach. We assume that especially the dominance of heterofermentative LABs has high relevance for the product stability and quality with the potential to increase shelf life of the products. The number of isolated Enterobacteriaceae and potential pathogens were low, but they still demonstrated that these products are suitable for their presence.
Development of catalytic zero-valent iron incorporated PAN catalytic film for efficient degradation of organic matters
Authors: Yang Yi , Lin Haowen , Long Yuxi , Mei Ying , Chen J. Paul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCatalytic films work well in degradation of organic matters. However, catalytic activity and stability of films are challenging factors. A nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) incorporated porous PAN fiber (Fe-PAN) film was thus developed through a one-step cryogenic auxiliary electrospinning method. The Fe-PAN film overcame the problem in the traditional multistep preparation process. The excellent intrinsic properties of the polymer in the film were maintained. It exhibited high catalytic activity (> 95% conversion in just 4 min) and excellent stability and reusability, due to the synergistic interaction between PAN and NZVI. The degradation process was optimized by the Box-Behnken design, leading to the optimal condition: pH = 2.8, temperature = 56 °C, and oxidant concentration = 4.2 mmol/L. The degradation followed the 2nd order kinetic equation and was due to the reactions by ·OH and O2-· radicals. This study demonstrates the great potentials of the Fe-PAN film for industrial applications.
Harnessing clonal gametes in hybrid crops to engineer polyploid genomes
Authors: Wang Yazhong , Fuentes Roven Rommel , van Rengs Willem M. J. , Effgen Sieglinde , Zaidan Mohd Waznul Adly Mohd , Franzen Rainer , Susanto Tamara , Fernandes Joiselle Blanche , Mercier Raphael , Underwood Charles J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHeterosis boosts crop yield; however, harnessing additional progressive heterosis in polyploids is challenging for breeders. We bioengineered a ‘mitosis instead of meiosis’ (MiMe) system that generates unreduced, clonal gametes in three hybrid tomato genotypes and used it to establish polyploid genome design. Through the hybridization of MiMe hybrids, we generated ‘4-haplotype’ plants that encompassed the complete genetics of their four inbred grandparents, providing a blueprint for exploiting polyploidy in crops.
Association between pretreatment emotional distress and immune checkpoint inhibitor response in non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Zeng Yue , Hu Chun-Hong , Li Yi-Zheng , Zhou Jian-Song , Wang Shu-Xing , Liu Meng-Dong , Qiu Zhen-Hua , Deng Chao , Ma Fang , Xia Chun-Fang , Liang Fei , Peng Yu-Rong , Liang Ao-Xi , Shi Sheng-Hao , Yao Shi-Jiao , Liu Jun-Qi , Xiao Wen-Jie , Lin Xiao-Qiao , Tian Xin-Yu , Zhang Ying-Zhe , Tian Zhuo-Ying , Zou Ji-An , Li Yun-Shu , Xiao Chao-Yue , Xu Tian , Zhang Xiao-Jie , Wang Xiao-Ping , Liu Xian-Ling , Wu Fang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEmotional distress (ED), commonly characterized by symptoms of depression and/or anxiety, is prevalent in patients with cancer. Preclinical studies suggest that ED can impair antitumor immune responses, but few clinical studies have explored its relationship with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Here we report results from cohort 1 of the prospective observational STRESS-LUNG study, which investigated the association between ED and clinical efficacy of first-line treatment of ICIs in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. ED was assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale. The study included 227 patients with 111 (48.9%) exhibiting ED who presented depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥5) and/or anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item score ≥5) symptoms at baseline. On the primary endpoint analysis, patients with baseline ED exhibited a significantly shorter median progression-free survival compared with those without ED (7.9 months versus 15.5 months, hazard ratio 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.23 to 2.43, P = 0.002). On the secondary endpoint analysis, ED was associated with lower objective response rate (46.8% versus 62.1%, odds ratio 0.54, P = 0.022), reduced 2-year overall survival rate of 46.5% versus 64.9% (hazard ratio for death 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 2.97, P = 0.016) and detriments in quality of life. The exploratory analysis indicated that the ED group showed elevated blood cortisol levels, which was associated with adverse survival outcomes. This study suggests that there is an association between ED and worse clinical outcomes in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with ICIs, highlighting the potential significance of addressing ED in cancer management. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05477979.
High-resolution African HLA resource uncovers HLA-DRB1 expression effects underlying vaccine response
Authors: Mentzer Alexander J. , Dilthey Alexander T. , Pollard Martin , Gurdasani Deepti , Karakoc Emre , Carstensen Tommy , Muhwezi Allan , Cutland Clare , Diarra Amidou , da Silva Antunes Ricardo , Paul Sinu , Smits Gaby , Wareing Susan , Kim HwaRan , Pomilla Cristina , Chong Amanda Y. , Brandt Debora Y. C. , Nielsen Rasmus , Neaves Samuel , Timpson Nicolas , Crinklaw Austin , Lindestam Arlehamn Cecilia S. , Rautanen Anna , Kizito Dennison , Parks Tom , Auckland Kathryn , Elliott Kate E. , Mills Tara , Ewer Katie , Edwards Nick , Fatumo Segun , Webb Emily , Peacock Sarah , Jeffery Katie , van der Klis Fiona R. M. , Kaleebu Pontiano , Vijayanand Pandurangan , Peters Bjorn , Sette Alessandro , Cereb Nezih , Sirima Sodiomon , Madhi Shabir A. , Elliott Alison M. , McVean Gil , Hill Adrian V. S. , Sandhu Manjinder S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHow human genetic variation contributes to vaccine effectiveness in infants is unclear, and data are limited on these relationships in populations with African ancestries. We undertook genetic analyses of vaccine antibody responses in infants from Uganda (n = 1391), Burkina Faso (n = 353) and South Africa (n = 755), identifying associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and antibody response for five of eight tested antigens spanning pertussis, diphtheria and hepatitis B vaccines. In addition, through HLA typing 1,702 individuals from 11 populations of African ancestry derived predominantly from the 1000 Genomes Project, we constructed an imputation resource, fine-mapping class II HLA-DR and DQ associations explaining up to 10% of antibody response variance in our infant cohorts. We observed differences in the genetic architecture of pertussis antibody response between the cohorts with African ancestries and an independent cohort with European ancestry, but found no in silico evidence of differences in HLA peptide binding affinity or breadth. Using immune cell expression quantitative trait loci datasets derived from African-ancestry samples from the 1000 Genomes Project, we found evidence of differential HLA-DRB1 expression correlating with inferred protection from pertussis following vaccination. This work suggests that HLA-DRB1 expression may play a role in vaccine response and should be considered alongside peptide selection to improve vaccine design.
Screening and diagnosis of cardiovascular disease using artificial intelligence-enabled cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wang Yan-Ran , Yang Kai , Wen Yi , Wang Pengcheng , Hu Yuepeng , Lai Yongfan , Wang Yufeng , Zhao Kankan , Tang Siyi , Zhang Angela , Zhan Huayi , Lu Minjie , Chen Xiuyu , Yang Shujuan , Dong Zhixiang , Wang Yining , Liu Hui , Zhao Lei , Huang Lu , Li Yunling , Wu Lianming , Chen Zixian , Luo Yi , Liu Dongbo , Zhao Pengbo , Lin Keldon , Wu Joseph C. , Zhao Shihua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is the gold standard for cardiac function assessment and plays a crucial role in diagnosing cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, its widespread application has been limited by the heavy resource burden of CMR interpretation. Here, to address this challenge, we developed and validated computerized CMR interpretation for screening and diagnosis of 11 types of CVD in 9,719 patients. We propose a two-stage paradigm consisting of noninvasive cine-based CVD screening followed by cine and late gadolinium enhancement-based diagnosis. The screening and diagnostic models achieved high performance (area under the curve of 0.988 ± 0.3% and 0.991 ± 0.0%, respectively) in both internal and external datasets. Furthermore, the diagnostic model outperformed cardiologists in diagnosing pulmonary arterial hypertension, demonstrating the ability of artificial intelligence-enabled CMR to detect previously unidentified CMR features. This proof-of-concept study holds the potential to substantially advance the efficiency and scalability of CMR interpretation, thereby improving CVD screening and diagnosis.
Cognitive representations of intracranial self-stimulation of midbrain dopamine neurons depend on stimulation frequency
Authors: Millard Samuel J. , Hoang Ivy B. , Sherwood Savannah , Taira Masakazu , Reyes Vanessa , Greer Zara , O’Connor Shayna L. , Wassum Kate M. , James Morgan H. , Barker David J. , Sharpe Melissa J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area support intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), yet the cognitive representations underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Here, 20-Hz stimulation of dopamine neurons, which approximates a physiologically relevant prediction error, was not sufficient to support ICSS beyond a continuously reinforced schedule and did not endow cues with a general or specific value. However, 50-Hz stimulation of dopamine neurons was sufficient to drive robust ICSS and was represented as a specific reward to motivate behavior. The frequency dependence of this effect is due to the rate (not the number) of action potentials produced by dopamine neurons, which differently modulates dopamine release downstream.
Flip bifurcation analysis and mathematical modeling of cholera disease by taking control measures
Authors: Ahmad Aqeel , Abbas Fakher , Farman Muhammad , Hincal Evren , Ghaffar Abdul , Akgül Ali , Hassani Murad Khan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo study the dynamical system, it is necessary to formulate the mathematical model to understand the dynamics of various diseases which are spread in the world wide. The objective of the research study is to assess the early diagnosis and treatment of cholera virus by implementing remedial methods with and without the use of drugs. A mathematical model is built with the hypothesis of strengthening the immune system, and a ABC operator is employed to turn the model into a fractional-order model. A newly developed system SEIBR, which is examined both qualitatively and quantitatively to determine its stable position as well as the verification of flip bifurcation has been made for developed system. The local stability of this model has been explored concerning limited observations, a fundamental aspect of epidemic models. We have derived the reproductive number using next generation method, denoted as “$$R_{0}$$

R
0

”, to analyze its impact rate across various sub-compartments, which serves as a critical determinant of its community-wide transmission rate. The sensitivity analysis has been verified according to its each parameters to identify that how much rate of change of parameters are sensitive. Atangana–Toufik scheme is employed to find the solution for the developed system using different fractional values which is advanced tool for reliable bounded solution. Also the error analysis has been made for developed scheme. Simulations have been made to see the real behavior and effects of cholera disease with early detection and treatment by implementing remedial methods without the use of drugs in the community. Also identify the real situation the spread of cholera disease after implementing remedial methods with and without the use of drugs. Such type of investigation will be useful to investigate the spread of virus as well as helpful in developing control strategies from our justified outcomes.
Computation of molecular description of supramolecular Fuchsine model useful in medical data
Authors: Kosar Zunaira , Zaman Shahid , Ullah Asad , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran , Belay Melaku Berhe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSupramolecular chemistry is a fascinating field that explores the interactions between molecules to create higher-order structures. In the case of the supramolecular chain of Fuchsine acid, which is a type of dye molecule, several chemical applications are possible. Fuchsine acid helps to make better medicine carriers that deliver drugs where they’re needed in the body, making treatments more effective and reducing side effects. It also helps create smart materials like sensors and self-fixing plastics, which are useful in electronics, keeping our environment clean, and making new materials. In sensing and detection, the supramolecular chain of Fuchsine acid utilizes as a sensor or detector for specific analyzes. In drug delivery, the supramolecular chains of Fuchsine acid incorporated into drug delivery systems. In recent years, a common method is linking a graph to a chemical structure and using topological descriptors to study it. This technique is becoming increasingly important over time. Topological descriptors gives very useful information while studying the topology of chemical graph. In this paper, we have computed the 3D structure of supramolecular graph of Fuchsine acid. We have computed an explicit expressions of ABC index, GA index, General Randi$$\acute{c}$$

c
´

index, first and second Zagreb index, hyper Zagreb index, H-index and F-index of supramolecular structure of Fushine acid.
EquiCity game: a mathematical serious game for participatory design of spatial configurations
Authors: Nourian Pirouz , Azadi Shervin , Bai Nan , de Andrade Bruno , Abu Zaid Nour , Rezvani Samaneh , Pereira Roders Ana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe propose a mathematical framework for developing social-choice games that are designed to mediate decision-making processes for city planning, urban area redevelopment, and architectural configuration of urban housing complexes. The proposed framework features a digital serious gaming approach for participatory design to support transparency and inclusion in the process of decision-making and ensure an equitable balance of sustainable development goals in spatial design outcomes. The mathematical process consists of a Markovian design machine for balancing the design decisions of actors, a massing configurator equipped with fuzzy logic and multi-criteria decision analysis, algebraic graph-theoretical accessibility evaluators, and automated solar-climatic evaluators using geospatial computational geometry. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework by implementing a multi-player online game that facilitates a participatory decision-making workshop for forming multi-functional building complexes by providing a generative configurator equipped with automated appraisal/scoring mechanisms for revealing the aggregate impact of alternatives. The EquiCity game empowers a group of decision-makers to reach a fair consensual spatial design by mathematically simulating many rounds of reasonable trade-offs between their decisions, with different levels of interest or control over various types of investments. The novelty of the framework is in its capability to encompass decision-making about the most idiosyncratic aspects of a site related to its heritage status and cultural significance to the most generic aspects such as balancing access to sunlight for the site while respecting ‘the right to sunlight’ of the neighbours of the site, ensuring coherence of the entire configuration with regards to a network of desired closeness ratings, the satisfaction of a programme of requirements, and intricately balancing individual development goals in conjunction with communal goals and environmental design codes.
Dual-branch information extraction and local attention anchor-free network for defect detection
Authors: Wang Xiaobin , Zhang Qiang , Chen Chengjun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the production process, the presence of surface defects seriously affects the quality of industrial products. Existing defect detectors are not suitable for surface with scattered distribution and complex texture of defects. In this study, a dual-branch information extraction and local attention anchor-free network for defect detection (DLA-FCOS), which is based on the fully convolutional one-stage network, is proposed to accurately locate and detect surface defects of industrial products. Firstly, a dual-branch feature extraction network (DFENeT) is proposed and used to improve the extraction ability of complex defects. Then, a local feature enhancement module is proposed, and a residual connection is established to enrich local semantic information. Meanwhile, the self-attention mechanism is introduced to form local attentional residual feature pyramid networks (LA-RFPN) to eliminate the influences of feature misalignments. The mean average accuracy (mAP) and frames per second (FPS) of the proposed DLA-FCOS on the cut layer of the tobacco packet defect dataset (CLTP-DD) are 96.8% and 20.7, respectively, which meets the requirements for accurate and real-time defect detection. Meanwhile, the average accuracy of the proposed DLA-FCOS on the NEU-DET and GC10-DET datasets is 78.4% and 67.7%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the DLA-FCOS has good feasibility and high generalization capability to perform defect detection tasks of industrial products.