bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The water footprint of humanity
Authors: Hoekstra Arjen Y. , Mekonnen Mesfin M. 
Published: February 2012

This study quantifies and maps the water footprint (WF) of humanity at a high spatial resolution. It reports on consumptive use of rainwater (green WF) and ground and surface water (blue WF) and volumes of water polluted (gray WF). Water footprints are estimated per nation from both a production and consumption perspective. International virtual water flows are estimated based on trade in agricultural and industrial commodities. The global annual average WF in the period 1996–2005 was 9,087 Gm
3
/y (74% green, 11% blue, 15% gray). Agricultural production contributes 92%. About one-fifth of the global WF relates to production for export. The total volume of international virtual water flows related to trade in agricultural and industrial products was 2,320 Gm
3
/y (68% green, 13% blue, 19% gray). The WF of the global average consumer was 1,385 m
3
/y. The average consumer in the United States has a WF of 2,842 m
3
/y, whereas the average citizens in China and India have WFs of 1,071 and 1,089 m
3
/y, respectively. Consumption of cereal products gives the largest contribution to the WF of the average consumer (27%), followed by meat (22%) and milk products (7%). The volume and pattern of consumption and the WF per ton of product of the products consumed are the main factors determining the WF of a consumer. The study illustrates the global dimension of water consumption and pollution by showing that several countries heavily rely on foreign water resources and that many countries have significant impacts on water consumption and pollution elsewhere.
Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation
Authors: Clark Peter U. , Shakun Jeremy D. , Baker Paul A. , Bartlein Patrick J. , Brewer Simon , Brook Ed , Carlson Anders E. , Cheng Hai , Kaufman Darrell S. , Liu Zhengyu , Marchitto Thomas M. , Mix Alan C. , Morrill Carrie , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Pahnke Katharina , Russell James M. , Whitlock Cathy , Adkins Jess F. , Blois Jessica L. , Clark Jorie , Colman Steven M. , Curry William B. , Flower Ben P. , He Feng , Johnson Thomas C. , Lynch-Stieglitz Jean , Markgraf Vera , McManus Jerry , Mitrovica Jerry X. , Moreno Patricio I. , Williams John W. 
Published: February 2012

Deciphering the evolution of global climate from the end of the Last Glacial Maximum approximately 19 ka to the early Holocene 11 ka presents an outstanding opportunity for understanding the transient response of Earth’s climate system to external and internal forcings. During this interval of global warming, the decay of ice sheets caused global mean sea level to rise by approximately 80 m; terrestrial and marine ecosystems experienced large disturbances and range shifts; perturbations to the carbon cycle resulted in a net release of the greenhouse gases CO
2
and CH
4
to the atmosphere; and changes in atmosphere and ocean circulation affected the global distribution and fluxes of water and heat. Here we summarize a major effort by the paleoclimate research community to characterize these changes through the development of well-dated, high-resolution records of the deep and intermediate ocean as well as surface climate. Our synthesis indicates that the superposition of two modes explains much of the variability in regional and global climate during the last deglaciation, with a strong association between the first mode and variations in greenhouse gases, and between the second mode and variations in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.
High-Density Polyethylene Pipe: A New Material for Pass-By Passive Integrated Transponder Antennas
Authors: Kazyak David , Zydlewski Joseph 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Pass-by passive integrated transponder (PIT) antennas are widely used to study the movements of fish in streams. At many sites, stream conditions make it difficult to maintain antennas and obtain a continuous record of movement. We constructed pass-by PIT antennas by using high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and found them to be robust to high flows and winter ice flows. Costs for HDPE antennas were similar to those of traditional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) antennas, although construction was somewhat more complicated. At sites where PVC antennas are frequently damaged, HDPE is a durable and economical alternative for PIT antenna construction.
Received June 21, 2011; accepted October 6, 2011
MotEvo: integrated Bayesian probabilistic methods for inferring regulatory sites and motifs on multiple alignments of DNA sequences
Authors: Arnold Phil , Erb Ionas , Pachkov Mikhail , Molina Nacho , van Nimwegen Erik 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Probabilistic approaches for inferring transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) and regulatory motifs from DNA sequences have been developed for over two decades. Previous work has shown that prediction accuracy can be significantly improved by incorporating features such as the competition of multiple transcription factors (TFs) for binding to nearby sites, the tendency of TFBSs for co-regulated TFs to cluster and form cis-regulatory modules and explicit evolutionary modeling of conservation of TFBSs across orthologous sequences. However, currently available tools only incorporate some of these features, and significant methodological hurdles hampered their synthesis into a single consistent probabilistic framework.
Results: We present MotEvo, a integrated suite of Bayesian probabilistic methods for the prediction of TFBSs and inference of regulatory motifs from multiple alignments of phylogenetically related DNA sequences, which incorporates all features just mentioned. In addition, MotEvo incorporates a novel model for detecting unknown functional elements that are under evolutionary constraint, and a new robust model for treating gain and loss of TFBSs along a phylogeny. Rigorous benchmarking tests on ChIP-seq datasets show that MotEvo's novel features significantly improve the accuracy of TFBS prediction, motif inference and enhancer prediction.
Availability: Source code, a user manual and files with several example applications are available at www.swissregulon.unibas.ch.
Contact: erik.vannimwegen@unibas.ch
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Phylogenomic analysis of bacterial and archaeal sequences with AMPHORA2
Authors: Wu Martin , Scott Alexandra J. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Summary: With the explosive growth of bacterial and archaeal sequence data, large-scale phylogenetic analyses present both opportunities and challenges. Here we describe AMPHORA2, an automated phylogenomic inference tool that can be used for high-throughput, high-quality genome tree reconstruction and metagenomic phylotyping. Compared with its predecessor, AMPHORA2 has several major enhancements and new functions: it has a greatly expanded phylogenetic marker database and can analyze both bacterial and archaeal sequences; it incorporates probability-based sequence alignment masks that improve the phylogenetic accuracy; it can analyze DNA as well as protein sequences and is more sensitive in marker identification; finally, it is over 100× faster in metagenomic phylotyping.
Availability: http://wolbachia.biology.virginia.edu/WuLab/Software.html.
Contact: mw4yv@virginia.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sirach
Authors: Corley Jeremy , Gregory Bradley C. 
Published: February 2012

This article deals with a 2nd-century bce Jewish wisdom book, known variously as Ben Sira (its Hebrew name), Sirach (its Greek name, also “Siracide” in French or Italian), or Ecclesiasticus (its Latin name). This long book deals with many theological issues (e.g., creation, divine election and providence, prayer, theodicy, death), as well as many topics of social ethics (e.g., poverty and wealth, women, family and friends, honor and shame). The educational teaching is significant for its personification of wisdom (e.g., Sirach 24) and for its close connection of wisdom, Torah, and fear of God (Sirach 19:20). Moreover, the Praise of the Ancestors (Sirach 44–50) offers a review of Israel’s history not found in earlier Hebrew wisdom writings. As a whole, Ben Sira’s work is historically and theologically important in filling the gap between earlier Hebrew wisdom books (e.g., Proverbs and Qoheleth) and later writings (e.g., the New Testament gospels and the Mishnah tractate Pirqe Abot). Sirach is regarded as deuterocanonical by the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches, but apocryphal or noncanonical by Jews and most Protestants. The first wave of revived studies of Sirach came in the two decades after 1896, following the discovery of several medieval Hebrew Ben Sira texts in the storeroom of the Cairo synagogue (Cairo Genizah). Modern research on Sirach began in 1965, the year of publication of both the Hebrew Masada Scroll of Ben Sira and a critical edition of the Greek version.
Albrecht Dürer
Authors: Smith Jeffrey Chipps 
Published: February 2012

Albrecht Dürer (b. 1471–d. 1528), of Nuremberg, enjoyed great fame in his lifetime and, occasionally, a cultlike status in later centuries. He remains the most renowned German artist. Because of his prodigious production, especially of prints, Dürer was the first Renaissance artist whose works were known firsthand throughout Europe. It has been estimated that approximately 100,000 impressions of his prints circulated during his lifetime. His practice of monogramming most of his paintings, prints, and even drawings created a recognizable brand, or identity. Trained first as a goldsmith by his father, Albrecht the Elder, and then as a painter, draftsman, and woodcut designer by Michael Wolgemut, Dürer completed his early education by working as a journeyman along the Rhine in 1490–1493 and then traveling to Venice in 1494–1495. He first achieved international recognition with The Apocalypse, which he created and published as a book in 1498. The size of his oeuvre is immense. Although an exact count is impossible, owing to scholarly differences of opinion concerning attributions, he produced approximately 949 surviving drawings, 189 paintings, and 277 prints, excluding separate book illustrations. He authored three published treatises. Dürer’s technical experimentations, his compositional and narrative innovations, his often-novel iconographies, his fascination with the human body, his internalized grasp of contemporary Italian art, and his theoretical explorations permanently transformed and modernized German art. Dürer’s unprecedented corpus of self-portraits, including his prominent inclusion in four altarpieces, coupled with surviving letters and other texts, demonstrates his conscious efforts at self-fashioning. He actively cultivated what he hoped would be a lasting reputation as an artist and author. Dürer’s art, avidly collected in his lifetime, has been much sought after ever since. It inspired the so-called Dürer-Renaissance in Nuremberg and at the courts in Prague and Munich c. 1600. The cult of Dürer, including elaborate jubilee celebrations in 1828, peaked but did not end in the nineteenth century, as he is still touted as the quintessential German artist. As a national standard-bearer, Dürer—his person, and his art—have been creatively appropriated but also less benignly politicized over the centuries. Most of the literature on Dürer is written in German; however, many excellent surveys and specialized studies are available in English. This summary bibliography stresses books and catalogues but includes some important articles as well.
Performance Objectives and Measurement
Authors: Brown Courtney L. , King Mindy Hightower 
Published: February 2012

Performance objectives, often referred to as performance measures, are written statements that quantitatively describe the products, services, and outcomes of programs, agencies, or interventions. Most often, performance objectives/measures serve as a tool to help understand, manage, and improve how programs or organizations operate and the extent to which they effect desired change. Performance Measurement and Evaluation: Definitions and Relationships (US General Accounting Office 2011 [GAO-11-646sp], cited under General Overviews) provides the following definition: “Performance measurement is the ongoing monitoring and reporting of program accomplishments, particularly progress toward pre-established goals . . . Performance measures may address the type or level of program activities conducted (process), the direct products and services delivered by a program (outputs), or the results of those products and services (outcomes). A “program” may be any activity, project, function, or policy that has an identifiable purpose or set of objectives.” Performance measurement is an important practice in the public and nonprofit sectors of the United States and in many countries around the world. Executive and legislative initiatives require program administrators, contractors, and grantees to identify performance measures, set performance targets, and report on their progress toward meeting performance goals. As a result, program administrators and mangers frequently seek help in designing and implementing performance measurement strategies and systems. Often this support is provided by program evaluators, who bring stakeholders together to clarify program goals and determine how best to report results. Many of the citations included in this article are intended to provide readers with the skills to develop and implement “performance-measurement frameworks,” although the terms performance objectives, performance measures, and performance indicators are used interchangeably by different authors. A review of the literature in this area demonstrates that although there is some variation in the terminology used across different fields, performance measures or performance objectives always include a number and a unit of measure. In some cases, they may also be associated with goals (sometimes referred to as objectives, too). The citations in this article are intended to direct readers to works that define performance measurement and provide instructions on how to apply these constructs to individual programs or interventions. This article concludes with a brief section on tools and techniques related to the development of performance objectives/measure; this final section provides citations on examples and instructions for creating logic models, part of the performance-measurement framework, as well as specifics on writing performance objectives and measures.
Robert Altman
Authors: Self Robert T. 
Published: February 2012

Robert Altman (b. 1925–d. 2006) had a directing career that stretched over fifty years, from the end of World War II to 2006. After spending his early adult life making industrial documentaries and directing television dramas, Altman finally broke into Hollywood at the age of forty-four. Thereafter, until his death at eighty-one, he proved to be one of the most prolific and experimental directors in American movie history. His iconoclastic narratives and his impressionistic cinematic style were widely denounced by movie audiences as confusing, boring, and pessimistic, but they were acclaimed by film fans and professionals as imaginative, original, and progressive. He told innovative fictions with dozens of characters (twenty-four in Nashville, forty-eight in A Wedding, and forty-four in Gosford Park) to reflect his belief that human life is connected in inexplicable, fortuitous, and impalpable ways that he called “subliminal reality.” He experimented with the causal structures and traditional themes of classical Hollywood genres. He explored the aesthetic limits of the zoom lens, pioneered multitrack sound recording, and consistently employed a lyrical film style. His films generally depicted characters estranged from themselves and from others and debilitated by the forces of the modern world. After Popeye in 1980, he worked independently and critically outside the Hollywood production system in Paris and New York, in the academy, and in theater. He liked to claim that he made gloves in an industry that sold shoes and proudly proclaimed that he had “final cut” on all of his films. Nevertheless, the Motion Picture Academy nominated him five times for Best Director awards—for MASH (1970), Nashville (1975), The Player (1992), Short Cuts (1993), and Gosford Park (2001), and gave him a Lifetime Achievement Oscar in 2004. Three of his films, MASH, Nashville, and McCabe & Mrs. Miller (1971) have been named by the Library of Congress to the National Film Registry. Only MASH, however, at the beginning of his Hollywood career, enjoyed box-office success. Nonetheless, his thirty-three films in the last quarter of the twentieth century established him as one of the most prolific and important directors of an American art cinema. Dozens of movie reviews accompanied the release of his films and reflected the inevitable division between hostility toward his films and praise for their genius. The critical studies referenced here largely reflect the fact that film critics and academic analysts, whether or not they liked it, treated his work with serious respect for its importance in film history. In the years since his death the amount of research being conducted on his films has grown dramatically, due in part to the opening of the large Altman Archive at the University of Michigan library, and due to the increased appreciation for the value of his work.
Gaps in transitional care: what are the perceptions of adolescents, parents and providers?
Authors: Sonneveld H. M. , Strating M. M. H. , van Staa A. L. , Nieboer A. P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground  Several studies have investigated preferences and experiences of adolescents with different chronic conditions and their parents. Some have included the provider's perspective. Studies comparing the three perspectives on satisfaction with (transitional) care for different chronic conditions, however, are lacking. The main aim of this paper was to explore differences and similarities in perspectives between adolescents with chronic conditions, their parents and providers on transitional care. A secondary aim was to explore the extent to which such perspectives are disease‐specific.Methods  This quantitative study included 127 adolescents with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), neuromuscular disorder with chronic ventilation (NMD), or diabetes Type I; 166 parents; and 19 care providers. To assess the experiences and perceptions of adolescents and parents on transitional care, we used the ‘Mind the Gap’ instrument. The survey for providers included a checklist of shortcomings in transitional care.Results  Adolescents rate current care significantly worse than parents on opportunities to make their own decisions and be seen without parents present. Adolescents also rated providers' current social skills lower than parents. Adolescents are more satisfied than their parents about transitional care process aspects such as co‐ordination and communication between providers, but both groups indicated that the care process offers most room for improvement. Providers reported other aspects such as adolescents' lack of responsibility with regard to self‐care and parents' difficulties with ceding control to their children. When looking at the three disease groups – JRA, NMD, diabetes, we found only small differences. According to providers, shortcomings in the care process with respect to guidelines, protocols and co‐ordination are most prevalent.Conclusion  Adolescents, parents and providers all report that there is room for improvement with regard to aspects of the care delivery process in transitional care. With respect to disease‐specific issues we only found small differences.
Physical health, mental health, and behaviour problems among early adolescents in foster care
Authors: Woods S. B. , Farineau H. M. , McWey L. M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground  Adolescents with chronic illness in the general population are at increased risk of mental health and behaviour problems. Depression is also associated with delinquency. Adolescents in foster care are more at risk for chronic illness and mental health issues. We investigated whether adolescents in long‐term foster care with chronic illness have associated higher rates of internalizing and externalizing problems and delinquency. We also investigated if depression mediates the relationship between physical health and externalizing behaviours.Methods  Data are from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well‐Being; adolescents age 11 and older residing in long‐term foster care (n= 188). Children whose caregivers reported on the occurrence of a chronic illness were compared using anova on internalizing and externalizing subscale scores and total scores of the Youth Self Report (YSR) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and modified Self‐Report of Delinquency (MSRD) scores of delinquency and total number of delinquent acts. Bootstrapping analyses were used to test our hypothesis that depressive symptoms (Children's Depression Inventory) function as a mediator.Results  Adolescents with a chronic illness reported greater internalizing (YSR: F= 7.069, P= 0.009; CBCL: F= 4.660, P= 0.032) and externalizing (YSR: F= 5.878, P= 0.016; CBCL: F= 3.546, P= 0.061) problems, a greater number of delinquent acts (6.66, F= 5.049, P= 0.026) and heightened overall delinquency (F= 5.049, P= 0.026). Depression significantly mediated the effects of overall health on delinquency (95% CI, 0.03–1.76).Conclusions  It is important to consider the complex interrelationships between physical health, mental health, and behaviour for adolescents in foster care. These findings support the need for comprehensive services for these youths, including specialized assessments and collaboration between protective services and healthcare systems.
The perils of overprotective parenting: fathers' perspectives explored
Authors: Brussoni M. , Olsen L. L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground  The dominant discourse of popular media appears to paint a disparaging picture of parents deemed overly concerned about their children's safety. Child injury prevention interventions frequently focus on influencing parenting behaviours. Fathers are increasingly involved in childcare, highlighting the need to understand their perspectives on overprotective parenting as it relates to considerations of injury prevention while actively engaged with their children.Methods  Qualitative interviews were carried out with 32 fathers of children aged 2–7 years in a Canadian urban setting. Interview questions investigated fathers' injury prevention attitudes and practices, and their beliefs regarding overprotection. Data analysis was guided by grounded theory methods.Results  Fathers noted the subjective nature of overprotection, citing family, social and situational factors that shaped their views. Fathers viewed overprotective parents as experiencing excessive fears that were manifested in lack of willingness to risk physical or psychological injury. They described overprotective parenting as including over‐involvement in and excessive restriction of children's activities; and expressed concerns that the results of these behaviours would be children lacking self‐confidence and crucial life skills.Conclusion  Fathers viewed as problematic overprotective parenting behaviours that limit access to opportunities for physical risk taking in an attempt to prevent mostly minor injuries. The injury prevention field may benefit from considering fathers' perspectives when designing programmes to minimize the likelihood that safety initiatives may be perceived as promoting overprotection of children. Framing safety messages in ways that align with fathers' views could involve promoting appropriate protection and encouraging an active lifestyle.