bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of forest fragmentation on pollination of Mesogyne insignis (Moraceae) in Amani Nature Reserve forests, Tanzania
Authors: Olotu Moses I. , Ndangalasi Henry J. , Nyundo Bruno A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe efficacy of pollination biology of Mesogyne insignis is poorly known in fragmented forests of Amani Nature Reserve. This study was conducted to determine the effect of forest fragmentation on potential pollinators of this endangered species. Three intact forests and three forest fragments were selected for this study, the intact forests serving as control. Visual observation of insects visiting inflorescences, insect trapping and pollinator exclusion experiments were the methods employed in assessing pollination. Most members of the solitary bee genus Megachile were found to be potential pollinators of M. insignis. Diversity of pollinators was significantly higher in intact forests than in forest fragments. Overall, the total number of fruits set was significantly higher in intact forests than in forest fragments, perhaps a reflection of the higher diversity and abundance of potential pollinators in an intact forest. The pollination system of M. insignis is generalist in terms of systematic group of pollinators, and forest fragmentation may have significant impact on this pollination pattern. A similar study should be conducted in other Eastern Arc Mountains where M. insignis grows to find out whether the potential pollinators are similar or not.
Pulse pressure amplification in relation to body fatness
Authors: Wykretowicz Andrzej , Rutkowska Agnieszka , Krauze Tomasz , Przymuszala Dagmara , Guzik Przemyslaw , Marciniak Ryszard , Wysocki Henryk 
Published: October 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Aortic‐brachial pulse pressure amplification (PPA) is a measure of arterial elasticity and it is also an independent cardiovascular risk factor. The PPA is mainly determined by age, height, central and peripheral pressure waveforms characteristics, including measures of arterial stiffness and wave reflection.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• In this study, however, we demonstrate that PPA is also significantly associated with indirect indices of body fatness. As the body fatness is treatable, our findings might be used as a reference for future studies on the effects of body fat reduction on PPA and the PPA‐related cardiovascular risk.AIMS Arterial pressure transfer to the periphery is accompanied by pulse pressure amplification (PPA). Pulse pressure is influence by body fat. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate any possible inter‐relation between body fatness and PPA in healthy subjects.METHODS Haemodynamic and wave reflection indices were estimated by pulse wave analysis. Body fat was measured by bio‐impedance.RESULTS A total of 367 healthy volunteers (136 men and 231 women) was studied. Pulse pressure amplification correlated significantly with percentage of body fat (r=−0.53, P < 0.0001), age (r=−0.62, P < 0.0001), height (r= 0.43, P < 0.0001), heart rate (r= 0.28, P < 0.0001) and mean blood pressure (r=−0.29, P < 0.0001). The association of PPA with body fat was also significant in a multiple linear regression model. Age was an independent predictor of PPA and analysis of study subjects subdivided into two groups, those <50 years and those >50 years showed that body fatness correlated inversely and significantly with PPA in individuals both younger and older than 50 years (r=−0.44, P < 0.0001, r=−0.37, P < 0.0001 respectively). Augmentation pressure was also associated significantly with percentage of body fat in both subgroups (r= 0.48, P < 0.0001 and r= 0.49, P < 0.0001 respectively).CONCLUSIONS This study performed on healthy subjects showed that pulse pressure amplification is related to body fatness over a wide age range. Percentage body fat is significantly associated with augmentation pressure, a component of central pulse pressure.
Models of transitional care for young people with complex health needs: a scoping review
Authors: Watson R. , Parr J. R. , Joyce C. , May C. , Le Couteur A. S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground  Young people with complex healthcare needs (CHNs) face the challenge of transferring from child to adult health services. This study sought to identify successful models of transitional care for young people with CHNs. Three conditions were used as exemplars: cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorders and diabetes.Methods  Scoping review: using search terms concerning transitional care, four databases were systematically searched for papers published in English between 1980 and April 2010. Additional informal search methods included recommendations from colleagues working with young people with each of the three conditions and making contact with clinical and research teams with expertise in transitional care. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to define the papers selected for review. A separate review of policy documents, adolescent health and transition literature was also undertaken; 10 common summary categories for the components of high‐quality services were identified. All papers were coded using a framework analysis which evaluated the data in two ways using the 10 transition categories and four elements of Normalization Process Theory that are important for successful implementation and integration of healthcare interventions.Results  Nineteen papers were selected for review. A very limited literature of models of service provision was identified for young people with cerebral palsy and diabetes. No models were identified for young people with autism spectrum disorders. Furthermore most publications were either descriptions of new service provision or time‐limited pilot studies with little service evaluation or consideration of key elements of effective implementation.Conclusions  Despite agreement about the importance of effective transitional care, there is a paucity of evidence to inform best practice about both the process of and what constitutes effective transitional care. There is therefore an urgent need for research to evaluate current transitional care practices for young people with CHNs.
Transition in young adults with spina bifida: a qualitative study
Authors: Ridosh M. , Braun P. , Roux G. , Bellin M. , Sawin K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground  Adolescents and young adults with spina bifida are an at‐risk population because of the complexity of their condition, developmental stage and social challenges. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the transition to adulthood in young adults with spina bifida and to explore condition‐related needs and life skills required during the transition process.Methods  This qualitative study using narrative inquiry was part of a larger multi‐site study of adaptation in young adults with spina bifida. Interviews were completed with 10 participants ranging in age from 18 to 25 years. The guided interview questions focused on specific dimensions of the transition experience related to the ecological model: self‐management, independence and inner strength.Results  Three themes capturing different dimensions of the young adults' transition experiences emerged in the analysis. The themes included: (1) Struggling for independence, (2) Limiting social interactions and experiences with stigma, and (3) Building inner strength.Conclusion  The qualitative study contributes to a better understanding of the challenges of transition to achieve self‐management and social development for young adults with spina bifida. Findings in the life stories highlighted issues that necessitate increased advocacy and interventions from professionals within the health and social system.
Fluorescence in‐situ hybridization analysis for melanoma diagnosis
Authors: Senetta Rebecca , Paglierani Milena , Massi Daniela 
Published: October 2011

Senetta R, Paglierani M & Massi D  (2012) Histopathology 60, 706–714Fluorescence in‐situ hybridization analysis for melanoma diagnosisMelanocytic proliferation constitutes a heterogeneous group of lesions with remarkable differences in their biology and clinical outcome. Thus, accurate histological diagnosis of these cases is mandatory to establish the most appropriate surgical treatment and follow‐up. Although histological examination alone is usually sufficient to identify melanomas among the greater number of nevi, the definition of the benign or malignant nature of a subset of melanocytic tumours, exhibiting atypical features, is a challenging task. Novel techniques that may assist in the histopathological diagnosis in difficult cases have been extensively researched over recent years. Fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH), performed with a panel of four probes, including three locus‐specific identifier (RREB1, MYB, and CCND1) genes, seems to represent a sensitive and specific molecular tool for the diagnosis of non‐ambiguous melanocytic lesions. Some studies have agreed that FISH may be an ancillary diagnostic instrument, but cannot replace light microscopy, to distinguish benign nevi from malignant melanomas in daily practice. However, in the context of ambiguous melanocytic tumours, results are still controversial, and additional and substantial work is needed to develop reliable probes that may identify, with high sensitivity, specific subsets of ambiguous melanocytic lesions, including spitzoid proliferation.
Explosive Pleistocene range expansion leads to widespread Amazonian sympatry between robust and gracile capuchin monkeys
Authors: Lynch Alfaro Jessica W. , Boubli Jean P. , Olson Link E. , Di Fiore Anthony , Wilson Bryan , Gutiérrez‐Espeleta Gustavo A. , Chiou Kenneth L. , Schulte Meredith , Neitzel Sarah , Ross Vanessa , Schwochow Doreen , Nguyen Mai T.T. , Farias Izeni , Janson Charles H. , Alfaro Michael E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim Capuchin monkey species are widely distributed across Central and South America. Morphological studies consistently divide the clade into robust and gracile forms, which show extensive sympatry in the Amazon Basin. We use genetic data to test whether Miocene or Plio‐Pleistocene processes may explain capuchin species’ present distributions, and consider three possible scenarios to explain widespread sympatry.Location The Neotropics, including the Amazon and Atlantic Coastal Forest.Methods We sequenced the 12S ribosomal RNA and cytochromebgenes from capuchin monkey specimens. The majority were sampled from US museum collections and were wild‐caught individuals of known provenance across their distribution. We applied a Bayesian discrete‐states diffusion model, which reconstructed the most probable history of invasion across nine subregions. We used comparative methods to test for phylogeographic association and dispersal rate variation.Results Capuchins contained two well supported monophyletic clades, the morphologically distinct ‘gracile’ and ‘robust’ groups. The time‐tree analysis estimated a late Miocene divergence betweenCebusandSapajusand a subsequent Plio‐Pleistocene diversification within each of the two clades. Bayesian analysis of phylogeographic diffusion history indicated that the current wide‐ranging sympatry ofCebusandSapajusacross much of the Amazon Basin was the result of a single explosive late Pleistocene invasion ofSapajusfrom the Atlantic Forest into the Amazon, whereSapajusis now sympatric with gracile capuchins across much of their range.Main conclusions The biogeographic history of capuchins suggests late Miocene geographic isolation of the gracile and robust forms. Each form diversified independently, but during the Pleistocene, the robustSapajusexpanded its range from the Atlantic Forest to the Amazon, where it has now encroached substantially upon what was previously the exclusive range of gracileCebus. The genusCebus, as currently recognized, should be split into two genera to reflect the Miocene divergence and two subsequent independent Pliocene radiations:Cebusfrom the Amazon andSapajusfrom the Atlantic Forest.
Nursing and medical students’ attitude, knowledge and beliefs regarding lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents seeking health care for their children
Authors: Chapman Rose , Watkins Rochelle , Zappia Tess , Nicol Pam , Shields Linda 
Published: October 2011

Background.  Little research has been conducted to investigate students’ attitudes, knowledge and beliefs regarding lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents seeking health care for their children.Design.  Descriptive, comparative study. Validated scales were used to assess students’ attitudes, knowledge and beliefs and gay affirmative practice. Three open ended questions assessed beliefs regarding lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents accessing health care for their children.Method.  Nursing and medical students completed questionnaires about attitudes to homosexuality. Associations between variables were assessed using chi‐square tests of independence, and differences between nursing and medical student groups were assessed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test or the Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance test. Responses to the open ended questions were evaluated, coded and described.Results.  Knowledge and attitudes about homosexuality were significantly associated with students’ race, political voting behaviour, religious beliefs and having a friend who is openly lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender.Conclusions.  It is important to develop strategies to address the existence of prejudicial attitudes among student health professionals and prevent discriminatory practices towards lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents when seeking health care for their children.Relevance to clinical practice.  Educators can develop programs that provide students with knowledge and skills to ensure lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender families receive effective health care when they access services for their children.
The treatment of ‘difficult’ patients in a secure unit of a specialized psychiatric hospital: the patient's perspective
Authors: BOS M. , KOOL‐GOUDZWAARD N. , GAMEL C. J. , KOEKKOEK B. , VAN MEIJEL B. 
Published: October 2011

Accessible summary
Some patients in psychiatric hospitals are considered difficult to treat. Their ongoing conflicts with nurses and other health care professionals can result in a deadlock in their treatment.
In these cases, patients can be transferred to another specialist hospital. The research described below was conducted in such a specialist psychiatric hospital. The researchers asked the patients how they felt about their treatment and how it helped them recover.
The patients found the treatment very strict: they had to make commitments and to follow numerous rules concerning eating times, privileges and safety. Also the professionals pointed out the patient's own responsibility for the success of the treatment.
The patients reported that the treatment had helped them considerably. Their anxiety, aggression and other symptoms had decreased. Their confidence increased, and they perceived their future with greater optimism.
AbstractThe aim of this study is to obtain insight, from a patient's perspective, into the results and essential components of treatment in specialist settings for so‐called ‘difficult’ patients in mental health care. In cases where usual hospital treatment is not successful, a temporary transfer to another, specialist hospital may provide a solution. We investigated which aspects of specialist treatment available to ‘difficult’ patients are perceived as essential by the patients and what are the results of this treatment in their perception. A qualitative research design based on the Grounded Theory method was used. To generate data, 14 semi‐structured interviews were held with 12 patients who were admitted to a specialist hospital in the Netherlands. Almost all respondents rated the results of the specialist treatment as positive. The therapeutic climate was perceived as extremely strict, with a strong focus on structure, cooperation and safety. This approach had a stabilizing effect on the patients, even at times when they were not motivated. Most patients developed a motivation for change, marked by a growing and more explicit determination of their future goals. We concluded that a highly structured treatment environment aimed at patient stabilization is helpful to most ‘difficult’ patients.
The physical health of the seriously mentally ill: an overview of the literature
Authors: COLLINS E. , TRANTER S. , IRVINE F. 
Published: October 2011

Accessible summary
Individuals with serious mental ill health suffer excessive physical illness.
The causes of physical illness amongst the seriously mentally ill are complex and multifaceted.
There is limited empirical evidence to support the current emphasis on physical health assessment and health promotion for the seriously mentally ill. More robust research studies are needed to facilitate Evidence Based Practice in this area.
AbstractDespite the wealth of literature which attests to the relationship between serious mental illness (SMI) and physical ill health, the provision of optimum physical health care for mental health service users remains a challenge. In England the Department of Health has identified the evident health inequalities for people with SMI as a priority area for health improvement, publishing numerous policy directives aimed at addressing these inequalities. However, this is a highly complex process and little is known about why the rhetoric of holistic health care has proved unattainable thus far. In this paper we present an informed commentary of the contemporary literature with the aim of offering a more comprehensive understanding of the health inequalities faced by people with SMI. We searched relevant databases for publications related to: the causes of poor physical health among the mentally ill, strategies to address these health needs and the impact which professional education, culture and services structure has on this facet of service delivery. This enabled us to identify potential strategies that can be adopted by health care practitioners wishing to improve the health of this vulnerable group, and by educationalists to advance professionals' knowledge of this important and ostensibly neglected area.
Nurses' roles in systematic patient education sessions in psychiatric nursing
Authors: KOIVUNEN M. , HUHTASALO J. , MAKKONEN P. , VÄLIMÄKI M. , HÄTÖNEN H. 
Published: October 2011

Accessible summary
This study aimed to identify nurses' roles in systematic patient education sessions in psychiatric inpatient care.
Nurses working in psychiatric hospitals have different roles in systematic patient education and they are ready and willing to tailor their roles according to patients' individual needs.
Patient education with new methods, such as using information technology, has some potential to empower patients with serious mental health disorders to cope in their daily lives.
Hospital organizations should prepare themselves for new cultures and staff's skills to incorporate a new tool in their daily practices should be ensured.
AbstractThe purpose of this study is to gain understanding of nurses' expectations of their roles in systematic patient education in psychiatric inpatient care. Qualitative design was used in the study. The data were collected through interviews with nurses participating in the implementation of systematic patient education (information technology (IT) based patient education n= 14, or conventional patient education n= 16). The data were analysed using inductive content analysis. The analysis showed that nurses had different roles in both IT‐based and conventional patient education. Nurses acted as learners, advisors, collaborators, teachers or limiters. The nurses tailored the role in each session according to the patients' interest and mental status. We can conclude that nurses working in psychiatric hospitals have different roles in systematic patient education and they are ready and willing to tailor their roles according to patients' individual needs. Information technology should be adopted without delay as a new treatment method in daily practice in psychiatric services. It has potential to support equality between patient and nurse in secluded environments.
Large‐scale flexuring and antithetic extensional faulting along a nascent plate boundary in the SE Afar rift
Authors: Le Gall Bernard , Daoud Mohamed Ahmed , Rolet Joel , Egueh Nima Moussa 
Published: October 2011

Terra Nova, 23, 416–420, 2011AbstractNew structural data from the SE Afar margin in Djibouti lead us to discriminate two recent (<1 Ma) extensional fault networks between the Afar accreted crust, and the South Danakil block to the east. Emphasis is placed on the N–S‐oriented Makarassou fault system which dissects the prominent westward‐(riftward‐)facing topographic flexure between the two structural domains. The most striking characteristic of the Makarassou fault belt is a closely spaced network of continentward‐dipping extensional faults, bounding domino blocks of 3–1 Ma tilted lavas of the Stratoid series. The Makarassou fault–flexure system is interpreted as an extensional faulted monocline that developed in response to differential subsidence and crustal downwarping of the Afar magmatically accreted transitional crust. Large‐scale flexuring and associated structures along the eastern flank of the Asal–Manda‐Inakir incipient plate boundary are regarded as indicative of a nascent volcanic rifted margin in SE Afar.
Utilization and expenditure at public and private facilities in 39 low‐income countries
Authors: Saksena Priyanka , Xu Ke , Elovainio Riku , Perrot Jean 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective  To document the patterns of health service utilization and health payments at public and private facilities across countries.Method  We used data from the World Health Surveys from 39 low‐ and low‐middle income countries to examine differences between public and private sectors. Utilization of outpatient and inpatient services, out‐of‐pocket payments (OOP) at public and private facilities, and transportation costs were compared.Results  Utilization and payments to public and private sectors differ widely. Public facilities dominated in most countries for both outpatient and inpatient services. But, whereas use of private facilities is more common among the rich, poor people also use them, to a considerable extent and in almost all the countries in the study. The majority of OOP were incurred at public providers for inpatient services. On average, this was not the case for outpatient services. Medicines accounted for the largest share of OOP for all services except inpatient services at private facilities, where consultation fees did. Transportation costs were considerable. Price competition is certainly not the only factor that guides choice of provider.Conclusions  The results support continued efforts by the governments to engage strategically with the private sector. However, they also highlight the importance of not generalizing conditions across countries. Governments may need to reconsider simplistic user‐fee abolition strategies at public providers if they simply focus on consultation fees. Policies to make health services more accessible need to consider a comprehensive benefit package that includes a wider scope of costs related to care such as expenditures on medicines and transportation.