bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mass Marketing of the Colonial Captive Hannah Duston
Authors: Humphreys Sara 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:Literary artefacts are more than commemorations of beloved literary characters and scenes: they significantly help to shape our identities as national and cultural subjects. Hannah Duston's seventeenth-century captivity narrative offers a fascinating example of how one narrative can be reproduced in many shapes and forms in order to support concepts of cultural and national identity. Her two-page narrative was first published in 1697 by Cotton Mather but eventually spawned several print text versions, a shoe company, a commemorative Jim Beam whiskey decanter, and a plethora of dime-a-dozen artefacts. Despite this vast number of visual and print reproductions, only one aspect of her narrative is repeatedly generated: Duston's slaughter and subsequent scalping of her Indigenous captors. I argue that Duston's captivity narrative successfully travels from seventeenth-century Puritan print culture to contemporary mass culture because her narrative consistently supports colonial and neo-colonial ideals, respectively, concerning American identity and national duty.
Durable Public Feelings
Authors: Epp Michael 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:Exploring the durability of feelings, and the relationship of feelings to publics, the first part of this paper maintains that the multiplicity of contradictory means for engaging the terms “public” and “feelings” indexes precisely the conflicts that are constitutive of publics and feelings. The fights over terminology, I argue, are not something to resolve but something to understand, as part of what makes publics and feelings the important, exciting, and sometimes frustrating things they are to practise, experience, and study. In the second part of the paper, I ask questions about the durability of feelings in relation to one of the most durable, public, and disturbing feelings: that joy associated with blackface minstrelsy that is an expression of, and a practice of, white supremacy, which itself is, perhaps, the most enduring form of public feeling, cultural practice, and political aspiration in the history of the United States.
American Studies in Review: The Recuperative Trend in Hawthorne Studies: New or Improved?
Authors: Bresky Luke 
Published: August 2011

Abstract: This essay reviews two collections of essays (Hawthorne and the Real: Bicentennial Essays, edited by Millicent Bell, and The Cambridge Companion to Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Richard Millington) and Brenda Wineapple's Hawthorne: A Life. These books raise questions about the currency of late-twentieth-century reassessments of Hawthorne's significance: is “our” Hawthorne still to be read as an anxious conservative, tainted by sexist, racist, and nationalist ideologies? The collections offer various responses to this question but reveal a broadly recuperative tendency. Critics no longer blame Hawthorne for the way that modernist (especially New Critical) literary histories canonized him. Though the political topics that New Historicists first scrutinized in Hawthorne's fiction continue to preoccupy, they no longer point invariably to the limits of Hawthorne's moral, political, and cultural consciousness. Like the collections, Wineapple's biography complicates our picture of Hawthorne's politics (including gender politics) and values his earnest, often conflicted responses to social change.
Resistance and tolerance to herbivory in Solidago altissima (Asteraceae): Genetic variability, costs, and selection for multiple traits
Authors: Hakes Alyssa S. , Cronin James T. 
Published: August 2011

• Premise of the study: Quantifying the genetic variability, fitness costs, and selection gradients associated with plant defense traits is necessary to understand their evolution and continued persistence in populations. Few studies have simultaneously examined the costs, benefits, and genetic variability in multiple traits related to plant resistance and tolerance to herbivory.• Methods: Using 103 Solidago altissima (Asteraceae) genets from two populations previously studied in situ, we conducted a common garden experiment to assess genetic variability, costs, selection gradients, and correlations among resistance, tolerance, and various resistance and tolerance traits (i.e., lateral branching, relative growth rate, leaf addition and senescence rate, specific leaf area, and leaf toughness).• Key results: We report evidence for significant genetic variability in resistance and various tolerance‐related traits but low broad‐sense heritability (H2 < 0.14) for all traits. For all traits examined, no correlation existed between trait levels of parent ramets (measured in their field of origin) and daughter ramets (measured in the common garden), suggesting plasticity in goldenrod traits. We found a strong cost of resistance and selection gradient against high resistance. Conversely, we found no evidence of costs but did find significant selection gradients favoring increased tolerance and many tolerance trait levels.• Conclusions: Our study suggests that herbivores impose selection favoring increased tolerance and reduced resistance in goldenrods. In this environment, we expect that over time, resistant genets will decrease in frequency. Despite strong selection pressures, the evolution of tolerance in this environment may be constrained by the low broad‐sense heritability in tolerance traits.
Isolation and characterization of 19 new microsatellite loci in Colocasia esculenta (Araceae)
Authors: Lu Zhonglei , Li Wansha , Yang Yongping , Hu Xiangyang 
Published: August 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for taro (Colocasia esculenta) to investigate its population genetics and evolutionary history through germplasm improvement.• Methods and Results: Nineteen microsatellite loci were identified in three populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to seven, with a mean of 4.68. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.231 to 0.820 and from 0.126 to 0.742, respectively.• Conclusions: These new genetic markers will be useful for the study of taro germplasm management and population evolution in southwestern China.
Late Presenters in New HIV Diagnoses from An Italian Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients: Prevalence and Clinical Outcome
Authors:   for the Icona Foundation Study Group, Monforte Antonella d'Arminio , Cozzi-Lepri Alessandro , Girardi Enrico , Castagna Antonella , Mussini Cristina , Giambenedetto Simona Di , Galli Massimo , Cassola Giovanni , Vullo Vincenzo , Quiros-Roldan Eugenia , Caputo Sergio Lo , Antinori Andrea 
Published: August 2011

Background To study the prevalence, predictors and outcome of late HIV diagnosis in the Icona cohort, according to the new European consensus definition of late diagnosis. Methods In this observational cohort study we investigated patients diagnosed with HIV over 3 months preceding enrolment who were defined as diagnosed late if they presented with AIDS or a CD4+ T-cell count ≤350/mm3 (European consensus definition). We estimated the prevalence of late diagnosis, identified factors associated with being diagnosed late and looked at the prognostic value of the European consensus definition of late presentation to predict subsequent clinical progression (new AIDS events or death). Results In total, 1,438/2,276 patients (63%) were defined as diagnosed late using the new European Consensus definition. Of these, 387 (16%) were AIDS-presenters. Predictors of being diagnosed late were older age, non-Italian origin, high HIV RNA and unemployment (versus retirement). A total of 293 patients showed clinical progression (3 events/100 person-years of follow-up, 95% CI: 2.7–3.4). Presenting late was strongly associated with a >5-fold increased risk of disease progression. Conclusions In our observational setting with free access to care, more than 60% of new HIV diagnoses occurred below the recommended threshold for initiating anti-retroviral treatment. Presenting late for care was associated with a high risk of clinical progression.
Sophists and Sophistry in the Wealth of Nations
Authors: Gore David Charles 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The Stoic is often seen as the forerunner of Adam Smith's market man of morals, but others have suggested that the sophist played a role in the formation of market morality and political economy. This article traces Smith's treatment of ancient sophists and his use of the term sophistry in the Wealth of Nations. Smith praised ancient sophists for their effective didactic oratory and their ability to make money through teaching. Smith criticized arguments as sophistic when they promoted monetary advantage for a few over and above the principle of competition. This varied reception of sophists and sophistry suggests a keen understanding of the rhetorical tradition and its capacity to influence the development of the discourse of political economy. Smith's use of sophistry and reference to the sophists invites a deeper awareness of the essential vitality of effective argumentation for Smith's “system of natural liberty.”
John Dewey and the Question of Artful Criticism
Authors: Stroud Scott R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractJohn Dewey's work on aesthetics, community, and art holds many untapped resources for the study and melioration of communicative practices. This article explores Dewey's distinctive and pluralistic idea of criticism and argues that such a notion can be used to elaborate pragmatist rhetoric. To lend contrast to this endeavor, I develop the concept of the “implied critic,” and compare the sort of critic assumed by Deweyan pragmatism to the critic implied by Raymie McKerrow's critical rhetoric. What a pragmatist approach to rhetorical criticism entails will be detailed by examining the variety of purposes that can be pursued by an individual in reflecting on rhetorical artifacts. Such a pragmatist rhetoric explains the notion of artful criticism that Dewey features so prominently in his analysis of ideal forms of community.
Creative Metaphors, Synchronicity, and Quantum Physics
Authors: Frentz Thomas 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
In this work, I argue that creative metaphors are formed when some persistent problem, caused by an inadequacy in preexisting knowledge, descends into the collective unconscious, is reconfigured unconsciously in novel ways, and then reemerges back into consciousness where the impasse is resolved by the metaphorical expression of new knowledge. To develop this position, I (1) review and critique some well-known language-based studies of metaphor, (2) summarize psychoanalytic and depth psychological approaches to the psyche as one way to overcome the shortcomings of the language-based scholarship, (3) relate C. G. Jung's account of the psyche and his related notion of synchronicity to creative metaphors, (4) graft a quantum physics approach to material reality back onto Jung's work as a provisional structure of the collective unconscious, and finally, (5) offer some suggestions about how creative metaphors might work psychologically.
Stereolithography‐Based Hydrogel Microenvironments to Examine Cellular Interactions
Authors: Zorlutuna Pinar , Jeong Jae Hyun , Kong Hyunjoon , Bashir Rashid 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA spatially organized three‐dimensional (3D) co‐culture of multiple cell types is required to recapitulate cellular interactions and microenvironments in complex tissues. Although there are limited reports for 3D patterning of cells and materials, approaches to examine functional interactions of 3D spatially patterned multiple cell types are lacking entirely. This is mostly due to difficulties in controlling the physical arrangement of cells in a 3D matrix and the physical properties of the cell‐encapsulating matrix, while keeping the cells alive and functional for extended periods of time. In this study, an automated maskless fabrication technique is combined with a tunable polymer blend to spatially organize primary hippocampus neurons (HNs) and skeletal muscle myoblast cells (MCs) in a 3D hydrogel matrix with tunable mechanical and degradation properties. The spatial organization of these multiple cell types revealed that the presence of MCs resulted in increased cholinergic functionality of the HNs, as quantified by their choline acetyltransferase activity. The presence of a factor alone is not sufficient, but its spatiotemporal control is necessary; a condition that is possibly true for many cellular interactions. Therefore, the system described here offers a different approach to examine such previously unknown interactions. The approach proposed in this study can be used to examine interactions between many different cell types and shift the 3D fabrication paradigm to a next level, which is to fabricate tissues that are not only viable but also functional.
Current‐Induced Restructuring and Chemical Modification of N‐Doped Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Aslam Zabeada , Nicholls Rebecca , Koós Antal , Nicolosi Valeria , Grobert Nicole 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMulti‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have long been anticipated as candidates for electrical components in an increasingly miniaturized electronics industry due to their inherent electrical properties. It is possible to manipulate and control these properties by introducing dopants such as N, B, and P. Although some current‐induced structural changes in MWCNTs have been observed, no systematic study has been carried out to explore the correlation of changes in the internal structure with the electronic behavior of doped‐MWCNTs in terms of the current densities present. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations are presented here of individual, N‐doped MWNCT (N‐MWCNTs) using the in situ TEM/scanning tunneling microscopy (TEM/STM) Nanofactory© holder. It is observed for the first time that N‐MWCNTs not only undergo current‐induced structural transformation; i.e., from the typical bamboo structure of N‐MWCNTs to the stacked cones, but also—and most importantly—the complete removal of the dopant causes a significant change in the electronic behavior. This has serious implications for the use of doped CNTs as electronic components, especially since tremendous efforts are being made to synthesize CNTs with controlled dopant concentrations.
The evolving spectrum of pulmonary disease in responders to the World Trade Center tragedy
Authors: Guidotti Tee L. , Prezant David , de la Hoz Rafael E. , Miller Albert 
Published: August 2011

AbstractOn September 11, 2001, events at the World Trade Center (WTC) exposed residents of New York City to WTC dust and products of combustion and pyrolysis. The majority of WTC‐exposed fire department rescue workers experienced a substantial decline in airflow over the first 12 months post‐9/11, in addition to the normal age‐related decline that affected all responders, followed by a persistent plateau in pulmonary function in the 6 years thereafter. The spectrum of the resulting pulmonary diseases consists of chronic inflammation, characterized by airflow obstruction, and expressing itself in different ways in large and small airways. These conditions include irritant induced asthma, non‐specific chronic bronchitis, aggravated pre‐existing obstructive lung disease (asthma or COPD), and bronchiolitis. Conditions concomitant with airways obstruction, particularly chronic rhinosinusitis and upper airway disease, and gastroesophageal reflux, have been prominent in this population. Less common have been reports of sarcoidosis or interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis and bronchiolitis are generally characterized by long latency, relatively slow progression, and a silent period with respect to pulmonary function during its evolution. For these reasons, the incidence of these outcomes may be underestimated and may increase over time. The spectrum of chronic obstructive airways disease is broad in this population and may importantly include involvement at the bronchiolar level, manifested as small airways disease. Protocols that go beyond conventional screening pulmonary function testing and imaging may be necessary to identify these diseases in order to understand the underlying pathologic processes so that treatment can be most effective. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:649–660, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
World Trade Center disaster: assessment of responder occupations, work locations, and job tasks
Authors: Woskie Susan R. , Kim Hyun , Freund Alice , Stevenson Lori , Park Bo Y. , Baron Sherry , Herbert Robin , de Hernández Micki Siegel , Teitelbaum Susan , de la Hoz Rafael E. , Wisnivesky Juan P. , Landrigan Phillip 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundTo date there have been no comprehensive reports of the work performed by 9/11 World Trade Center responders.Methods18,969 responders enrolled in the WTC Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program were used to describe workers' pre‐9/11 occupations, WTC work activities and locations from September 11, 2001 to June 2002.ResultsThe most common pre‐9/11 occupation was protective services (47%); other common occupations included construction, telecommunications, transportation, and support services workers. 14% served as volunteers. Almost one‐half began work on 9/11 and >80% reported working on or adjacent to the “pile” at Ground Zero. Initially, the most common activity was search and rescue but subsequently, the activities of most responders related to their pre‐9/11 occupations. Other major activities included security; personnel support; buildings and grounds cleaning; and telecommunications repair.ConclusionsThe spatial, temporal, occupational, and task‐related taxonomy reported here will aid the development of a job‐exposure matrix, assist in assessment of disease risk, and improve planning and training for responders in future urban disasters. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:681–695, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Olesoxime accelerates myelination and promotes repair in models of demyelination
Authors: Magalon Karine , Zimmer Celine , Cayre Myriam , Khaldi Joseph , Bourbon Clarisse , Robles Isabelle , Tardif Gwenaëlle , Viola Angèle , Pruss Rebecca M. , Bordet Thierry , Durbec Pascale 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective:Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by episodes of immune attack of oligodendrocytes leading to demyelination and progressive functional deficit. One therapeutic strategy to address disease progression could consist in stimulating the spontaneous regenerative process observed in some patients. Myelin regeneration requires endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor migration and activation of the myelination program at the lesion site. In this study, we have tested the ability of olesoxime, a neuroprotective and neuroregenerative agent, to promote remyelination in the rodent central nervous system in vivo.Methods:The effect of olesoxime on oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation and myelin synthesis was tested directly in organotypic slice cultures and OPC–neuron cocultures. Using naive animals and different mouse models of demyelination, we morphologically and functionally assessed the effect of the compound on myelination in vivo.Results:Olesoxime accelerated oligodendrocyte maturation and enhanced myelination in vitro and in vivo in naive animals during development and also in the adult brain without affecting oligodendrocyte survival or proliferation. In mouse models of demyelination and remyelination, olesoxime favored the repair process, promoting myelin formation with consequent functional improvement.Interpretation:Our observations support the strategy of promoting oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin synthesis to enhance myelin repair and functional recovery. We also provide proof of concept that olesoxime could be useful for the treatment of demyelinating diseases. ANN NEUROL 2012;71:213–226
Amyloid‐beta plaque growth in cognitively normal adults: Longitudinal [11C]Pittsburgh compound B data
Authors: Vlassenko Andrei G. , Mintun Mark A. , Xiong Chengjie , Sheline Yvette I. , Goate Alison M. , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Morris John C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAmyloid‐beta (Aβ) accumulation was evaluated with 2 [11C]Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography scans about 2.5 years apart in 146 cognitively normal adults. Seventeen of 21 participants with initially elevated Aβ deposition demonstrated subsequent Aβ plaque growth (approximately 8.0% per year), and none reverted to a state of no Aβ deposits. Ten individuals converted from negative to positive PiB status, based on a threshold of the mean cortical binding potential, representing a conversion rate of 3.1% per year. Individuals with an ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E demonstrated increased incidence of conversion (7.0% per year). Our findings suggest that the major growth in Aβ burden occurs during a preclinical stage of Alzheimer disease (AD), prior to the onset of AD‐related symptoms. Ann Neurol 2011
Distinct hyperexcitability mechanisms underlie fast ripples and epileptic spikes
Authors: Demont‐Guignard Sophie , Benquet Pascal , Gerber Urs , Biraben Arnaud , Martin Benoit , Wendling Fabrice 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective:In partial epilepsies, interictal epileptic spikes (IESs) and fast ripples (FRs) represent clinically relevant biomarkers characteristic of epileptogenic networks. However, their specific significance and the pathophysiological changes leading to either FRs or IESs remain elusive. The objective of this study was to analyze the conditions in which hyperexcitable networks can generate either IESs or FRs and to reveal shared or distinct mechanisms that underlie both types of events.Methods:This study is the first to comparatively analyze mechanisms that induce either IESs or FRs using an approach that combines computational modeling and experimental data (in vivo and in vitro). A detailed CA1 hippocampal network model is introduced. A parameter sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine which model parameters (cell related and network related) allow the most accurate simulation of FRs and IESs.Results:Our model indicates that although FRs and IESs share certain common mechanisms (shifted gamma‐aminobutyric acid [GABA]A reversal potential, altered synaptic transmission), there are also critical differences in terms of number of pyramidal cells involved (small vs large), spatial distribution of hyperexcitable pyramidal cells (clustered vs uniform), and firing patterns (weakly vs highly synchronized). In vitro experiments verified that subtle changes in GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission favor either FRs or IESs, as predicted by the model.Interpretation:This study provides insights into the interpretation of 2 interictal markers observed in intracerebral electroencephalographic data. Depending on the degree and spatiotemporal features of hyperexcitability, not only IESs or FRs are generated but also transitions between both types of events. ANN NEUROL 2012;