bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of TMP and filler stratifying on wet web runnability and end product quality of fine paper
Authors: Oksanen Antti , Salminen Kristian , Kouko Jarmo , Retulainen Elias 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Increase of filler content in paper improves quality of the final product and reduces raw material costs. However, this is often accompanied by deterioration of paper machine runnability. In this paper the effects of stratifying PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) and TMP on fine paper quality and the mechanical properties of dry and wet paper were studied. In addition, a new method was introduced for evaluating the layer purity of pulp and filler stratifying by measuring the fibre length distribution in the thickness direction of the paper. The filler addition reduced the mechanical properties of paper more with chemical than mechanical pulps, with similar dry tensile indices. Stratifying filler onto paper surfaces gave higher dry tensile strength properties than samples with mixed structures, whereas only a small positive effect was detected for wet tensile and relaxation properties as a result of stratifying. Stratifying fillers only had a small negative effect on the internal bond strength. Stratifying or mixing TMP with a chemical pulp blend was shown to enable an increase in the filler content of 10% without significant changes in the residual tension (tension after 0.475 s of relaxation) or tensile index of wet samples. Based on layer purity analysis, stratifying TMP and filler was found to be successful in these trials.
Evaluation of a Novel Hydrocyclone Design for Pulp Fractionation
Authors: Andersson Rasmus , Vomhoff Hannes 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The fractionation efficiency and operating conditions of a novel hydrocyclone design were evaluated. The novel design comprised a modified inlet section, where the pulp suspension had to pass a narrow ring-shaped opening, and a very compact fractionation zone. The effect of feed concentration and fine fraction mass ratio was studied. The experiments were performed with fully bleached, unrefined and never-dried chemical softwood pulp. Fractionation efficiency was evaluated in terms of change in surface roughness of handsheets. Feed concentration had a large influence on the fractionation results, with a lower feed concentration resulting in improved fractionation efficiency. Furthermore, the surface roughness improved considerably for very low fine fraction mass ratios. Surprisingly, these ratios were much lower compared to the share of earlywood fibres in the pulp. The novel hydrocyclone design showed a lower thickening of the coarse fraction when compared with previous experiences with conventional hydrocyclones. Based on these results a hypothesis on the separation mechanism in a hydrocyclone was proposed. It suggests the existence of a radial variation in suspension composition in the fractionation zone, and most likely also a layer of unfractionated feed pulp along the outer wall. The existence of the gradient and the layer could explain that, especially at higher feed concentrations, a significant improvement in surface roughness was only obtained when the fine fraction ratio was significantly below the earlywood fibre share in the pulp.
Ice-flow sensitivity to boundary processes: a coupled model study in the Vostok Subglacial Lake area, Antarctica
Authors: Thoma Malte , Grosfeld Klaus , Mayer Christoph , Pattyn Frank 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSeveral hundred subglacial lakes have been identified beneath Antarctica so far. Their interaction with the overlying ice sheet and their influence on ice dynamics are still subjects of investigation. While it is known that lakes reduce the ice-sheet friction towards a free-slip basal boundary condition, little is known about how basal melting and freezing at the lake/ice interface modifies the ice dynamics, thermal regime and ice rheology. In this diagnostic study we simulate the Vostok Subglacial Lake area with a coupled full Stokes 3-D ice-flow model and a 3-D lake-circulation model. The exchange of energy (heat) and mass at the lake/ice interface increases (decreases) the temperature in the ice column above the lake by up to 10% in freezing (melting) areas, resulting in a significant modification of the highly nonlinear ice viscosity. We show that basal lubrication at the bottom of the ice sheet has a significant impact not only on the ice flow above the lake itself, but also on the vicinity and far field. While the ice flow crosses Vostok Subglacial Lake, flow divergence is observed and modelled. The heterogeneous basal-mass-balance pattern at the lake/ice interface intensifies this divergence. Instead of interactive coupling between the ice-flow model and the lake-flow model, only a single iteration is required for a realistic representation of the ice/water interaction. In addition, our study indicates that simplified parameterizations of the surface temperature boundary condition might lead to a velocity error of 20% for the area of investigation.
Response of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, to ocean gravity-wave forcing
Authors: Bromirski Peter D. , Stephen Ralph A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractComparison of the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS, Antarctica) response at near-front seismic station RIS2 with seismometer data collected on tabular iceberg B15A and with land-based seismic stations at Scott Base on Ross Island (SBA) and near Lake Vanda in the Dry Valleys (VNDA) allows identification of RIS-specific signals resulting from gravity-wave forcing that includes meteorologically driven wind waves and swell, infragravity (IG) waves and tsunami waves. The vibration response of the RIS varies with season and with the frequency and amplitude of the gravity-wave forcing. The response of the RIS to IG wave and swell impacts is much greater than that observed at SBA and VNDA. A spectral peak at near-ice-front seismic station RIS2 centered near 0.5 Hz, which persists during April when swell is damped by sea ice, may be a dominant resonance or eigenfrequency of the RIS. High-amplitude swell events excite relatively broadband signals that are likely fracture events (icequakes). Changes in coherence between the vertical and horizontal sensors in the 8–12 Hz band from February to April, combined with the appearance of a spectral peak near 10 Hz in April when sea ice damps swell, suggest that lower (higher) temperatures during austral winter (summer) months affect signal propagation characteristics and hence mechanical properties of the RIS.
Large surface velocity fluctuations of Biafo Glacier, central Karakoram, at high spatial and temporal resolution from optical satellite images
Authors: Scherler Dirk , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDespite global warming and unlike their Himalayan neighbours, glaciers in the Karakoram mountains do not show signs of significant retreat. Here we report high velocity variations of Biafo Glacier, central Karakoram, which occurred between 2001 and 2009 and which indicate considerable dynamics in its flow behaviour. We have generated a dense time series of glacier surface velocities, based on cross-correlation of optical satellite images, which clearly shows seasonal and interannual velocity variations, reaching 50% in some places. The interannual velocity variations resemble the passing of a broad wave of high velocities, with peak velocities during 2005 and some diffusion down-glacier over a period of at least 4 years. High interannual velocity variations are also observed at other glaciers in the vicinity, suggesting a common cause, although these appear to partly comprise longer acceleration phases. Analysis of weather station data provides some indications of meteorological conditions that could have promoted sustained sliding events during this period, but this does not explain the wave-like nature of the acceleration at Biafo Glacier, and the regular, protracted velocity changes.
Dendritic Cells Activated by IFN-γ/STAT1 Express IL-31 Receptor and Release Proinflammatory Mediators upon IL-31 Treatment
Authors: Horejs-Hoeck Jutta , Schwarz Harald , Lamprecht Sebastian , Maier Elisabeth , Hainzl Stefan , Schmittner Maria , Posselt Gernot , Stoecklinger Angelika , Hawranek Thomas , Duschl Albert 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
IL-31 is a T cell-derived cytokine that signals via a heterodimeric receptor composed of IL-31Rα and oncostatin M receptor β. Although several studies have aimed to investigate IL-31–mediated effects, the biological functions of this cytokine are currently not well understood. IL-31 expression correlates with the expression of IL-4 and IL-13 and is associated with atopic dermatitis in humans, indicating that IL-31 is involved in Th2-mediated skin inflammation. Because dendritic cells are the main activators of Th cell responses, we posed the question of whether dendritic cells express the IL-31R complex and govern immune responses triggered by IL-31. In the current study, we report that primary human CD1c+ as well as monocyte-derived dendritic cells significantly upregulate the IL-31Rα receptor chain upon stimulation with IFN-γ. EMSAs, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, and small interfering RNA-based silencing assays revealed that STAT1 is the main transcription factor involved in IFN-γ–dependent IL-31Rα expression. Subsequent IL-31 stimulation resulted in a dose-dependent release of proinflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL5, and CCL22. Because these cytokines are crucially involved in skin inflammation, we hypothesize that IL-31–specific activation of dendritic cells may be part of a positive feedback loop driving the progression of inflammatory skin diseases.
Complement C3a-Induced IL-17 Plays a Critical Role in an IgE-Mediated Late-Phase Asthmatic Response and Airway Hyperresponsiveness via Neutrophilic Inflammation in Mice
Authors: Mizutani Nobuaki , Goshima Hirofumi , Nabe Takeshi , Yoshino Shin 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Allergen-specific IgE plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Although there has been increasing evidence suggesting the involvement of IL-17 in the disease, the relationship between IL-17 and IgE-mediated asthmatic responses has not yet been defined. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the contribution of IL-17 to an IgE-mediated late-phase asthmatic response and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). BALB/c mice passively sensitized with an OVA-specific IgE mAb were challenged with OVA intratracheally four times. The fourth challenge caused a late-phase increase in airway resistance associated with elevated levels of IL-17+CD4+ cells in the lungs. Multiple treatments with a C3a receptor antagonist or anti-C3a mAb during the challenges inhibited the increase in IL-17+CD4+ cells. Meanwhile, a single treatment with the antagonist or the mAb at the fourth challenge suppressed the late-phase increase in airway resistance, AHR, and infiltration by neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Because IL-17 production in the lungs was significantly repressed by both treatments, the effect of an anti–IL-17 mAb was examined. The late-phase increase in airway resistance, AHR, and infiltration by neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was inhibited. Furthermore, an anti–Gr-1 mAb had a similar effect. Collectively, we found that IgE mediated the increase of IL-17+CD4+ cells in the lungs caused by repeated Ag challenges via C3a. The mechanisms leading to the IgE-mediated late-phase asthmatic response and AHR are closely associated with neutrophilic inflammation through the production of IL-17 induced by C3a.
Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 38 Negatively Regulates TLR3/4- and RIG-I–Mediated IFN-β Production and Antiviral Response by Targeting NAP1
Authors: Zhao Wei , Wang Lijuan , Zhang Meng , Wang Peng , Yuan Chao , Qi Jianni , Meng Hong , Gao Chengjiang 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Recognition of RNA virus through TLR and RIG-I–like receptor results in rapid expression of type I IFNs, which play an essential role in host antiviral responses. However, the mechanisms to terminate the production of type I IFNs are not well defined. In the current study, we identified a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family, TRIM38, as a negative regulator in TLR3/4- and RIG-I–mediated IFN-β signaling. Knockdown of TRIM38 expression by small interfering RNA resulted in augmented activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 and enhanced expression of IFN-β, whereas overexpression of TRIM38 had opposite effects. Coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization experiments demonstrated that TRIM38 interacted with NF-κB–activating kinase-associated protein 1 (NAP1), which is required for TLR-induced IFN regulatory factor 3 activation and IFN-β production. As an E3 ligase, TRIM38 promoted K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of NAP1. Thus, knockdown of TRIM38 expression resulted in higher protein level of NAP1 in primary macrophages. Consistent with the inhibitory roles in TLR3/4- and RIG-I–mediated IFN-β signaling, knockdown of TRIM38 significantly inhibited the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. Overexpression of TRIM38 resulted in enhanced replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. Therefore, our results demonstrate that TRIM38 is a negative regulator for TLR and RIG-I–mediated IFN-β production by targeting NAP1 for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation.
Role of CD25+ Dendritic Cells in the Generation of Th17 Autoreactive T Cells in Autoimmune Experimental Uveitis
Authors: Liang Dongchun , Zuo Aijun , Shao Hui , Born Willi K. , O’Brien Rebecca L. , Kaplan Henry J. , Sun Deming 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In the current study, we showed that in vivo administration of an anti-CD25 Ab (PC61) decreased the Th17 response in C57BL/6 mice immunized with the uveitogenic peptide interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (1–20), while enhancing the autoreactive Th1 response. The depressed Th17 response was closely associated with decreased numbers of a splenic dendritic cell (DC) subset expressing CD11c+CD3−CD25+ and decreased expansion of γδ T cells. We demonstrated that ablation of the CD25+ DC subset accounted for the decreased activation and the expansion of γδ T cells, leading to decreased activation of IL-17+ interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein-specific T cells. Our results show that an enhanced Th17 response in an autoimmune disease is associated with the appearance of a DC subset expressing CD25 and that treatment of mice with anti-CD25 Ab causes functional alterations in a number of immune cell types, namely DCs and γδ T cells, in addition to CD25+αβTCR+ regulatory T cells.
PTPN22 Alters the Development of Regulatory T Cells in the Thymus
Authors: Maine Christian J. , Hamilton-Williams Emma E. , Cheung Jocelyn , Stanford Stephanie M. , Bottini Nunzio , Wicker Linda S. , Sherman Linda A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
PTPN22 encodes a tyrosine phosphatase that inhibits Src-family kinases responsible for Ag receptor signaling in lymphocytes and is strongly linked with susceptibility to a number of autoimmune diseases. As strength of TCR signal is critical to the thymic selection of regulatory T cells (Tregs), we examined the effect of murine PTPN22 deficiency on Treg development and function. In the thymus, numbers of pre-Tregs and Tregs increased inversely with the level of PTPN22. This increase in Tregs persisted in the periphery and could play a key part in the reduced severity observed in the PTPN22-deficient mice of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. This could explain the lack of association of certain autoimmune conditions with PTPN22 risk alleles.
Coefficient of Variation Based Image Selective Segmentation Model Using Active Contours
Authors: Badshah Noor , Chen Ke , Ali Haider , Murtaza Ghulam 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMost image segmentation techniques efficiently segment images with prominent edges, but are less efficient for some images with low frequencies and overlapping regions of homogeneous intensities. A recently proposed selective segmentation model often works well, but not for such challenging images. In this paper, we introduce a new model using the coefficient of variation as a fidelity term, and our test results show it performs much better in these challenging cases.
Periodontal Status of Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis
Authors: Padmanabhan Shyam , Dwarakanath CD , Paramashivaiah Rashmi 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Osteoporosis a common metabolic disorder in postmenopausal women, with characteristic loss of bone mass, is associated with periodontitis and tooth loss according to the vast accumulating evidence. This association needs further perusal which was addressed in the following study.

Materials and methods
The study subjects were postmenopausal women (No:104) in the age group of 35 to 60 years. Diagnosis of osteoporosis was by standard tests like clinical, radiographic tests and or bone densitometry. Case history of subjects (i.e. dental, personal, medical and menopausal) was elicited verbally and periodontal examination was carried out. Estrogen (17-β estradiol) and calcium assays were measured in 20 of these patients.

Results
All subjects completed their periodontal and radiographic examination. Indices to measure local factors were accompanied by increase in clinical parameters for periodontitis. Alveolar bone loss visible radiographically correlated with clinical indices and clinical attachment loss. Hormonal assays, i.e. serum 17-β. Estradiol and calcium were found to be below normal for examined cases. Majority of patients had periodontitis, half being localized and the remaining generalized.

Conclusion
Mandibular cortex showed osteoporosis in most of the cases. Tooth loss was not an apparent finding. Osteoporosis did not show an association with periodontitis as much as the local environment. Thus, it could be concluded that osteoporosis may not be an important risk factor for periodontitis and oral bone loss.
Management of Horizontal and Multiple Crown-Root Fractures
Authors: Raghu Ramya , Sahana DS 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTTraumatic injury to oral cavity with accompanying tooth fracture can be a tragic experience for the patient and is a problem that requires experience, judgment and skill of the dentist. The dental health and appearance marred by an unsightly injury must be restored to normal as soon as possible. Though, root fractures comprise 0.5 to 7% of injuries affecting the permanent dentition, improper and delayed treatment can lead to loss of tooth. This report records a clinical case of intraalveolar horizontal mid root fracture in maxillary right central incisor with subluxation of coronal segment, which was managed endodontically using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), as an apical barrier at the fracture site. Maxillary right lateral and left central incisors affected by oblique crown-root fracture which were restored by custom-cast post and crown. After one year follow-up, the teeth were asymptomatic and showed signs of healing apical to the MTA barrier.
Correction of Deep Bite with a Functional Trainer
Authors: Sanjay N , Rajesh RNG , Sreedevi D , Patil Rekha 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
In growing patients, the anterior deep bite management could be tricky to correct and retain, if not handled properly and at the correct time. This report shows how the deep bite was managed in a patient by proper diagnosis and with a comprehensive prefabricated appliance, such as the trainer system with more long-term stability.
Unicystic Ameloblastoma in 6-Year-Old Child and Its Significance
Authors: Rao Girish S , Reddy Sudhakara K 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
Ameloblastoma is a true neoplasm of odontogenic epithelial origin. Unicystic ameloblastoma refers to those cystic lesions that show clinical, radiographic or gross features of a mandibular cyst, but on histologic examination show a typical ameloblastomatous epithelium lining part of the cyst cavity with or without luminal and/or mural tumor growth. It accounts for 5 to 15% of all intraosseous ameloblastomas. They believed to be less aggressive and respond more favorably to conservative excision than the solid or multicystic ameloblastomas. We report a case of unicystic ameloblastoma of the anterior part of the mandible that was treated by enucleation and use of Cornoy's solution under suspicion of an odontogenic cyst. The nature of the lesion became evident only when the enucleated material was available for histologic examination. With this report, we illustrate the importance and complexity of a differential diagnosis of lesions with a cystic aspect in the anterior region of the mandible, among them are dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocysts, adenomatoid odontogenic and unicystic ameloblastoma.
SECULARISM AND THE CONSTITUTION: CAN GOVERNMENT BE TOO SECULAR?
Authors: Elorza Jorge O. 
Published: April 2012

When the “jurisdictions” of religion and science overlap, the conclusions they each reach sometimes conflict. For example, religiously conservative views towards sex or the formation of the universe may be undermined by the secular instruction students receive in public schools. With respect to normative matters, such as views towards sex, courts have resolved the conflicts by stating that public school teachers can neither directly contradict religious beliefs nor compel adherence to the secular view. However, with respect to empirical matters, such as how planets formed, courts have implicitly recognized—although never expressly stated—that a different standard must apply. So long as sufficient evidence exists to support an empirical claim, a public school may teach it. The fact that it directly contradicts a deeply held religious belief, as does evolution for example, is irrelevant. How far does this principle extend? If scientific evidence leads us to conclude that a particular aspect of God cannot be true, can this be taught in the public schools? In order to explore this issue, I first lay out a framework that isolates the tension that exists between religion and science and that introduces the concept of the memist God. Second, I examine the extent to which science has spoken to the question of God’s existence and I determine that it has certainly addressed one particular aspect. Specifically, science has disconfirmed the claim that the theist God has the power to violate the laws of physics. Last, once the issues are properly identified and the framework set, I explore whether teaching the non-existence of the theist God would violate the underlying values of the religion clauses. I conclude, first, that teaching that the theist God does not exist would not violate any of the underlying values and second, that the consequences of doing so are not as far-reaching as may be initially believed.