bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Pleistocene rhyolitic explosive volcanism at Los Azufres Volcanic Field, central Mexico
Authors: Arce José Luis , Macías José Luis , Rangel Elizabeth , Layer Paul , Garduño-Monroy Víctor Hugo , Saucedo Ricardo , García Felipe , Castro Renato , Pérez-Esquivias Héctor 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Los Azufres Volcanic Field hosts the second most important geothermal field of Mexico, with a production of 188 MW of electricity. Based on fieldwork and new geochronological data (14C and 40Ar/39Ar) we define that activity at Los Azufres Volcanic Field started some 1.5 Ma with the emission of basaltic to rhyolitic lavas, and pyroclastic material. The late Pleistocene explosive activity in the southwest sector (Guangoche volcano area) of Los Azufres occurred in a narrow period of time between &gt;31 and &lt;26 ka. The pyroclastic stratigraphy of the S, SW, and W sectors is represented by diverse deposits of dacitic and rhyolitic composition, including a debris avalanche deposit related to a sector collapse of San Andrés volcano, several pyroclastic sequences associated with plateau forming lavas, and Guangoche volcano. Guangoche volcano was the focus of late Pleistocene eruptive activity with two Plin-ian and one subplinian events that deposited pumice-rich falls and pyroclastic flows and surges. These deposits are informally named the White Pumice (29 ka), which originated from a 23-km-high eruptive column and the ejection of 1.7 km3 of tephra that covered an area of at least 223 km2 with a mass discharge rate of 9 × 107 kg/s; the Ochre Pumice fall (&lt;26 ka), deposited from a 16-km-high eruptive column involving 1.3 km3 of tephra at a mass discharge rate of 1.9 × 107 kg/s; and the Multilayered fallout (&lt;&lt;26 ka) that resulted from an 11-km-high eruptive column with 1 km3 of tephra at a mass discharge rate of 4.6 × 106 kg/s. The complete late Pleistocene stratigraphy suggests that explosive events at Los Azufres Volcanic Field have been intense. They are the subject of ongoing investigations to better understand this kind of large magnitude eruptions.
Recent explosive volcanism at the eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
Authors: Carrasco-Núñez G. , Dávila-Harris P. , Riggs N.R. , Ort M.H. , Zimmer B.W. , Willcox C.P. , Branney M.J. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt is characterized by a diversity of volcanoes that are related to different processes and eruptive styles. The spectacular exposures of late Pleistocene and Holocene volcanism provide a unique opportunity to explore a variety of volcanic features and deposits that may be relevant for volcanic hazard assessments within the area. This three-day field guide describes selected representative examples of the regional volcanism showing volcanic features including thick pyroclastic successions derived from the explosive activity of Los Humeros caldera volcano, caldera-rim effusions, alternating explosive and effusive activity of a vitrophyric rhyolite dome (Cerro Pizarro), and the eruptive activity of two composi-tionally contrasting maar volcanoes: Atexcac, a classic basaltic maar and Cerro Pinto, a rhyolitic tuff ring—dome complex.
Consumption of takeaway and fast food in a deprived inner London Borough: are they associated with childhood obesity?
Authors: Patterson Rachel , Risby Alexander , Chan Mei-Yen 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveA major concern is the ubiquitous presence of fast food and takeaway outlets within easy walking distance of schools, particularly in the light of the increasing burden of childhood obesity. Here, the associations between the schoolchildren's weights, their consumption of fast food and takeaway outlets were examined in a deprived inner London Borough.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study.Participants193 schoolchildren (aged between 11 and 14 years old) participated in this study.Main outcome measuresBody mass index (BMI) percentiles specific for age and gender were obtained. Frequency of food and drinks purchased from fast food outlets and takeaway outlets over a weekly period and preferred types of drinks and food products usually consumed were measured.ResultsMore than 50% of the children in our survey purchased food or drinks from fast food or takeaway outlets twice or more a week, with about 10% consuming fast food or drinks from these outlets daily. About 70% of these children from Black ethnic groups and 54% of Asians purchased fast food more than twice a week. BMI has a significantly inverse relationship to fast food consumption. However, when age and gender are accounted, the BMI age–gender percentile is no longer significantly related to fast food consumption.ConclusionsThis study revealed a very high frequency of fast food consumption among the schoolchildren. Taste, quick access and peer influence were major contributing factors. These schoolchildren are exposed to an obesogenic environment, and it is not surprising that in this situation, many of these children are already overweight and will likely become obese as adults.
Cost-effectiveness of Identification and Referral to Improve Safety (IRIS), a domestic violence training and support programme for primary care: a modelling study based on a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Devine Angela , Spencer Anne , Eldridge Sandra , Norman Richard , Feder Gene 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveThe Identification and Referral to Improve Safety (IRIS) cluster randomised controlled trial tested the effectiveness of a training and support intervention to improve the response of primary care to women experiencing domestic violence (DV). The aim of this study is to estimate the cost-effectiveness of this intervention.DesignMarkov model-based cost-effectiveness analysis.SettingGeneral practices in two urban areas in the UK.ParticipantsSimulated female individuals from the general UK population who were registered at general practices, aged 16 years and older.InterventionGeneral practices received staff training, prompts to ask women about DV embedded in the electronic medical record, a care pathway including referral to a specialist DV agency and continuing contact from that agency. The trial compared the rate of referrals of women with specialist DV agencies from 24 general practices that received the IRIS programme with 24 general practices not receiving the programme. The trial did not measure outcomes for women beyond the intermediate outcome of referral to specialist agencies. The Markov model extrapolated the trial results to estimate the long-term healthcare and societal costs and benefits using data from other trials and epidemiological studies.ResultsThe intervention would produce societal cost savings per woman registered in the general practice of UK£37 (95% CI £178 saved to a cost of £136) over 1 year. The incremental quality-adjusted life-year was estimated to be 0.0010 (95% CI −0.0157 to 0.0101) per woman. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis found 78% of model replications under a willingness to pay threshold of £20 000 per quality-adjusted life-year.ConclusionsThe IRIS programme is likely to be cost-effective and possibly cost saving from a societal perspective. Better data on the trajectory of abuse and the effect of advocacy are needed for a more robust model.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials,ISRCTN74012786.
Balloon-assisted coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms is not associated with increased periprocedural complications
Authors: Santillan Alejandro , Gobin Y Pierre , Mazura Jan C , Meausoone Valerie , Leng Lewis Z , Greenberg Edward , Riina Howard A , Patsalides Athos 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundThe balloon-assisted coil embolization (BACE) technique represents an effective tool for the treatment of complex wide-necked intracranial aneurysms; however, its safety is a matter of debate. This study presents the authors' institutional experience regarding the safety of the BACE technique.Methods428 consecutive patients with 491 intracranial aneurysms (274 acutely ruptured and 217 unruptured) treated with conventional coil embolization (CCE) or with BACE were retrospectively reviewed. All procedure-related adverse events were reported, regardless of clinical outcome. Thromboembolic events, intraprocedural aneurysm ruptures, device-related complications, morbidity and mortality were compared between the CCE and BACE groups.ResultsThe total rate of procedural and periprocedural adverse events was 9.6% (47/491 embolizations). Thromboembolic events, intraprocedural aneurysmal rupture and device-related complications occurred in 2.4%, 3.9% and 3.3% of procedures, respectively. The risk of thromboembolic events and device-related problems was similar between the CCE and BACE groups. A trend towards a higher risk of intraprocedural aneurysm rupture was observed in the BACE group (not statistically significant). The total cumulative morbidity and mortality for both groups was 2.6% (11/428 patients) and there was no statistically significant difference in the morbidity, mortality and cumulative morbidity and mortality rates between the two groups.ConclusionIn this series of patients with acutely ruptured and unruptured aneurysms, the BACE technique allowed treatment of aneurysms with unfavorable anatomic characteristics without increasing the incidence of procedural complications.
Cellular Constituents of Immune Escape within the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Kerkar Sid P. , Restifo Nicholas P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEstablished tumors are complex masses that contain not only neoplastic cells but also nontransformed cellular elements such as stromal cells, the neovasculature, and the full gamut of immune cells. However, evidence suggests that, unlike cells found in lymphoid organs that productively respond to acute infections, immune cells in tumors are dysregulated and functionally impaired. Tumor masses can contain regulatory lymphocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, alternatively activated macrophages, and dendritic cells. Ablation or reprogramming of this aberrant microenvironment might dramatically augment cancer therapies, and this strategy is currently being deployed in a variety of clinical trials. A better understanding of the cellular constituents of tumors and the mechanisms involved in immune evasion may help guide the next generation of innovative cancer immunotherapies. Cancer Res; 72(13); 3125–30. ©2012 AACR.
AMPK Promotes p53 Acetylation via Phosphorylation and Inactivation of SIRT1 in Liver Cancer Cells
Authors: Lee Chi-Wai , Wong Leo Lap-Yan , Tse Edith Yuk-Ting , Liu Heong-Fai , Leong Veronica Yee-Law , Lee Joyce Man-Fong , Hardie D. Grahame , Ng Irene Oi-Lin , Ching Yick-Pang 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a biologic sensor for cellular energy status, has been shown to act upstream and downstream of known tumor suppressors. However, whether AMPK itself plays a tumor suppressor role in cancer remains unclear. Here, we found that the α2 catalytic subunit isoform of AMPK is significantly downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Clinicopathologic analysis revealed that underexpression of AMPK-α2 was statistically associated with an undifferentiated cellular phenotype and poor patient prognosis. Loss of AMPK-α2 in HCC cells rendered them more tumorigenic than control cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ectopic expression of AMPK enhanced the acetylation and stability of p53 in HCC cells. The p53 deacetylase, SIRT1, was phosphorylated and inactivated by AMPK at Thr344, promoting p53 acetylation and apoptosis of HCC cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that underexpression of AMPK is frequently observed in HCC, and that inactivation of AMPK promotes hepatocarcinogenesis by destabilizing p53 in a SIRT1-dependent manner. Cancer Res; 72(17); 4394–404. ©2012 AACR.
YM155 Reverses Cisplatin Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer by Decreasing Cytoplasmic Survivin Levels
Authors: Kumar Bhavna , Yadav Arti , Lang James C. , Cipolla Michael J. , Schmitt Alessandra C. , Arradaza Nicole , Teknos Theodoros N. , Kumar Pawan 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, acquisition of cisplatin resistance is common in patients with HNSCC, and it often leads to local and distant failure. In this study, we showed that survivin expression is significantly upregulated in HNSCC primary tumors and cell lines. In addition, survivin levels were significantly higher in human papilloma virus–negative patients that normally respond poorly to cisplatin treatment. Survivin expression was further increased in cisplatin-resistant cells (CAL27-CisR) as compared with its parent cells (CAL27). Therefore, we hypothesized that targeting of survivin in HNSCC could reverse the resistant phenotype in tumor cells, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin. We used both in vitro and in vivo models to test the efficacy of YM155, a small molecule survivin inhibitor, either as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin. YM155 significantly decreased survivin levels and cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, YM155 pretreatment significantly reversed cisplatin resistance in cancer cells. Interestingly, YM155 treatment altered the dynamic localization of survivin in cells by inducing a rapid reduction in cytoplasmic survivin, which plays a critical role in its antiapoptotic function. In a severe combined immunodeficient mouse xenograft model, YM155 significantly enhanced the antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of cisplatin, with no added systemic toxicity. Taken together, our results suggest a potentially novel strategy to use YM155 to overcome the resistance in tumor cells, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the chemotherapy in HNSCC. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(9); 1988–98. ©2012 AACR.
Identification of Genomic Targets of Transcription Factor Aebp1 and its role in Survival of Glioma Cells
Authors: Ladha Jayashree , Sinha Swati , Bhat Vasudeva , Donakonda Sainitin , Rao Satyanarayana M.R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA recent transcriptome analysis of graded patient glioma samples led to identification of AEBP1 as one of the genes upregulated in majority of the primary GBM as against secondary GBM. Aebp1 is a transcriptional repressor that is involved in adipogenesis. It binds to AE-1 element present in the proximal promoter of aP2 gene that codes for fatty acid binding protein (FABP4). A comprehensive study was undertaken to elucidate the role of AEBP1 overexpression in glioblastoma. We employed complementary gene silencing approach to identify the genes that are perturbed in a glioma cell line (U87MG). A total of 734 genes were differentially regulated under these conditions (≥1.5-fold, P ≤ 0.05) belonging to different GO categories such as transcription regulation, cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of which perturbation of 114 genes of these pathways were validated by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). This approach was subsequently combined with ChIP-chip technique using an Agilent human promoter tiling array to identify genomic binding loci of Aebp1 protein. A subset of these genes identified for Aebp1 occupancy was also validated by ChIP-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis of the promoters identified by ChIP-chip technique revealed a consensus motif GAAAT present in 66% of the identified genes. This consensus motif was experimentally validated by functional promoter assay using luciferase as the reporter gene. Both cellular proliferation and survival were affected in AEBP1-silenced U87MG and U138MG cell lines and a significant percentage of these cells were directed towards apoptosis. Mol Cancer Res; 10(8); 1039–51. ©2012 AACR.
Prediction of Progression of Coronary Artery Disease and Clinical Outcomes Using Vascular Profiling of Endothelial Shear Stress and Arterial Plaque Characteristics
Authors: Stone Peter H. , Saito Shigeru , Takahashi Saeko , Makita Yasuhiro , Nakamura Shigeru , Kawasaki Tomohiro , Takahashi Akihiko , Katsuki Takaaki , Nakamura Sunao , Namiki Atsuo , Hirohata Atsushi , Matsumura Toshiyuki , Yamazaki Seiji , Yokoi Hiroyoshi , Tanaka Shinji , Otsuji Satoru , Yoshimachi Fuminobu , Honye Junko , Harwood Dawn , Reitman Martha , Coskun Ahmet U. , Papafaklis Michail I. , Feldman Charles L. 
Published: June 2012

Background—
Atherosclerotic plaques progress in a highly individual manner. The purposes of the Prediction of Progression of Coronary Artery Disease and Clinical Outcome Using Vascular Profiling of Shear Stress and Wall Morphology (PREDICTION) Study were to determine the role of local hemodynamic and vascular characteristics in coronary plaque progression and to relate plaque changes to clinical events.

Methods and Results—
Vascular profiling, using coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound, was used to reconstruct each artery and calculate endothelial shear stress and plaque/remodeling characteristics in vivo. Three-vessel vascular profiling (2.7 arteries per patient) was performed at baseline in 506 patients with an acute coronary syndrome treated with a percutaneous coronary intervention and in a subset of 374 (74%) consecutive patients 6 to 10 months later to assess plaque natural history. Each reconstructed artery was divided into sequential 3-mm segments for serial analysis. One-year clinical follow-up was completed in 99.2%. Symptomatic clinical events were infrequent: only 1 (0.2%) cardiac death; 4 (0.8%) patients with new acute coronary syndrome in nonstented segments; and 15 (3.0%) patients hospitalized for stable angina. Increase in plaque area (primary end point) was predicted by baseline large plaque burden; decrease in lumen area (secondary end point) was independently predicted by baseline large plaque burden and low endothelial shear stress. Large plaque size and low endothelial shear stress independently predicted the exploratory end points of increased plaque burden and worsening of clinically relevant luminal obstructions treated with a percutaneous coronary intervention at follow-up. The combination of independent baseline predictors had a 41% positive and 92% negative predictive value to predict progression of an obstruction treated with a percutaneous coronary intervention.

Conclusions—
Large plaque burden and low local endothelial shear stress provide independent and additive prediction to identify plaques that develop progressive enlargement and lumen narrowing.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http:www.//clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT01316159.
Kidney Function and White Matter Disease in Young Stroke Patients
Authors: Steinicke Robert , Gaertner Beate , Grittner Ulrike , Schmidt Wolf , Dichgans Martin , Heuschmann Peter U. , Tanislav Christian , Putaala Jukka , Kaps Manfred , Endres Matthias , Schmidt Reinhold , Fazekas Franz , Norrving Bo , Rolfs Arndt , Martus Peter , Tatlisumak Turgut , Enzinger Christian , Jungehulsing Gerhard Jan 
Published: June 2012

Background and Purpose—
Impaired kidney function is thought to be associated with small vessel disease, outcome, and mortality in the general stroke population. Data are limited regarding young patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of kidney function and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in young patients with first ischemic stroke.

Methods—
We analyzed 2500 young (18–55 years) patients with first-ever ischemic stroke from the prospective observational Stroke in Young Fabry Patients (SIFAP1) study with available MRI data on WMH. Of these, 2009 had available data concerning estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Kidney function was expressed as eGFR by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease method. Deep WMHs on MRI were classified by the Fazekas score. Multivariate analysis was performed using a regression model with random effects.

Results—

Mean eGFR was 96.7 mL/min in those with WMH Grade 0 to 1 (none to mild), 90.7 mL/min in WMH Grade 2 (moderate), and 89 mL/min in WMH Grade 3 (severe). Univariate analysis revealed WMH to be associated with age (
P
<0.001), hypertension (
P
<0.001), cardiovascular disease (
P
=0.015), overweight (body mass index >25 kg/m
2
;
P
=0.013), current smoking (
P
=0.044), and eGFR (
P
=0.009). In multivariate analysis, age, hypertension, and eGFR remained associated with WMH severity.

Conclusions—
In young patients with acute ischemic stroke, lower eGFR values in the normal range are associated with the presence of moderate to severe WMH.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT00414583.
Impacts of Different Types of El Niño on the East Asian Climate: Focus on ENSO Cycles
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Yang Song 
Published: June 2012

Using multiple datasets and a partial correlation method, the authors analyze the different impacts of eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Niño on East Asian climate, focusing on the features from El Niño developing summer to El Niño decaying summer. Unlike the positive–negative–positive (+/−/+) anomalous precipitation pattern over East Asia and the equatorial Pacific during EP El Niño, an anomalous −/+/− rainfall pattern appears during CP El Niño. The anomalous dry conditions over southeastern China and the northwestern Pacific during CP El Niño seem to result from the anomalous low-level anticyclone over southern China and the South China Sea, which is located more westward than the Philippine Sea anticyclone during EP El Niño. The continuous anomalous sinking motion over southeastern China, as part of the anomalous Walker circulation associated with CP El Niño, also contributes to these dry conditions. During the developing summer, the impact of CP El Niño on East Asian climate is more significant than the influence of EP El Niño. During the decaying summer, however, EP El Niño exerts a stronger influence on East Asia, probably due to the long-lasting anomalous warming over the tropical Indian Ocean accompanying EP El Niño. Temperatures over portions of East Asia and the northwestern Pacific tend to be above normal during EP El Niño but below normal from the developing autumn to the next spring during CP El Niño. A possible reason is the weakened (enhanced) East Asian winter monsoon related to EP (CP) El Niño.
Experimental Evidence of the Kraichnan Scalar Spectrum at High Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Bogucki D. J. , Luo H. , Domaradzki J. A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Measurements of horizontal temperature gradient spectra were carried out in a 25 m × 12 m × 3 m freshwater well mixed swimming pool. The associated flow Reynolds number was found to vary from 4 × 103 to 6 × 103. In all analyzed cases, at large wavenumbers k, the temperature gradient spectra exhibited behavior consistent with the Kraichnan spectral form: ~exp[−(6qk)1/2k] with constant . The measurements are in agreement with direct numerical simulations of a passive scalar flow with of Bogucki et al. and with recent experimental observations of Sanchez et al.