bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The design of smooth switching control with application to V/STOL aircraft dynamics under input and output constraints
Authors: Chen Pang‐Chia 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a smooth switching gain‐scheduled control approach for linear parameter varying (LPV) system dynamics, indexed by a scalar varying parameter. The proposed approach is demonstrated by application to the planar vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) aircraft dynamics subject to input and output constraints. In the design of switching control, the switch logic determines the switching process between control laws. The usual switching logics use the instantaneous switching manner, which can cause discontinuous chattering control signal. By performing convex weightings between two individual control laws for neighboring subsystems, the proposed smooth switching gain‐scheduled control approach can provide improved performance but does not arouse control signal chattering. For the studied application, the nonlinear aircraft dynamics are represented in the form of LPV systems with parameter dependence on attitude angle. The resulting design is verified by the obtained relative stability and time response simulations.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Estimation of the variances of TCP/RED using stochastic differential equation
Authors: Fan Hua , Ren Yong , Shan Xiuming 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBy using the stochastic differential equation (SDE), a model is built to describe the system behavior, especially the queue length behavior, of TCP/RED (transmission control protocol with random early detection) on a single bottleneck network. Then, not only the static equilibrium point of the system is calculated, but also its variance is estimated. After calculating the variance of the queue length in the router, the authors show how such random oscillation affects the maximum connection number that the link admits while keeping low dropping probability, and how this relation is influenced by other network parameters. This model can be applied to the case where only homogeneous TCP flows exist, as well as where TCP and UDP (user data protocol) flows coexist. The simulations by NS‐2 show that our deductive method is effective.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
The European wood pellet markets: current status and prospects for 2020
Authors: Sikkema Richard , Steiner Monika , Junginger Martin , Hiegl Wolfgang , Hansen Morten Tony , Faaij Andre 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe wood pellet market is booming in Europe. The EU 2020 policy targets for renewable energy sources and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction are among the main drivers. The aim of this analysis is to map current European national wood pellet demand and supplies, to provide a comprehensive overview of major market types and prices, and to discuss the future outlook in light of raw material supply. Approximately 650 pellet plants produced more than 10 million tonnes of pellets in 2009 in Europe. Total European consumption was about 9.8 million tonnes, of which some 9.2 million tonnes is within the EU‐27, representing a modest 0.2% of Gross Energy Consumption (75 EJ level in 2008). The prices of most pellet types are increasing. While most markets of non‐industrial pellets are largely self‐sufficient, industrial pellet markets depend on the import of wood pellets from outside the EU‐27. Industrial pellet markets are relatively mature, compared to non‐industrial ones, because of their advanced storage facilities and long‐term price‐setting. However, industrial pellet markets are unstable, depending mainly on the establishment or the abolishment of public support schemes.Following our scenarios, additional 2020 demand for woody biomass varies from 105 million tonnes, based on market forecasts for pellets in the energy sector and a reference growth of the forest sector, to 305 million tonnes, based on maximum demand in energy and transport sectors and a rapid growth of the forest sector. Additional supply of woody biomass may vary from 45 million tonnes from increased harvest levels to 400 million tonnes after the recovery of slash via altered forest management, the recovery of waste wood via recycling, and the establishment of woody energy plantations in the future. Any short‐term shortages within the EU‐27 may be bridged via imports from nearby regions such as north west Russia or overseas. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
An overview of techniques for linking high‐dimensional molecular data to time‐to‐event endpoints by risk prediction models
Authors: Binder Harald , Porzelius Christine , Schumacher Martin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAnalysis of molecular data promises identification of biomarkers for improving prognostic models, thus potentially enabling better patient management. For identifying such biomarkers, risk prediction models can be employed that link high‐dimensional molecular covariate data to a clinical endpoint. In low‐dimensional settings, a multitude of statistical techniques already exists for building such models, e.g. allowing for variable selection or for quantifying the added value of a new biomarker. We provide an overview of techniques for regularized estimation that transfer this toward high‐dimensional settings, with a focus on models for time‐to‐event endpoints. Techniques for incorporating specific covariate structure are discussed, as well as techniques for dealing with more complex endpoints. Employing gene expression data from patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, some typical modeling issues from low‐dimensional settings are illustrated in a high‐dimensional application. First, the performance of classical stepwise regression is compared to stagewise regression, as implemented by a componentwise likelihood‐based boosting approach. A second issues arises, when artificially transforming the response into a binary variable. The effects of the resulting loss of efficiency and potential bias in a high‐dimensional setting are illustrated, and a link to competing risks models is provided. Finally, we discuss conditions for adequately quantifying the added value of high‐dimensional gene expression measurements, both at the stage of model fitting and when performing evaluation.
Prospects for microbial biodiesel production
Authors: Shi Shuobo , Valle‐Rodríguez Juan Octavio , Siewers Verena , Nielsen Jens 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAs the demand for biofuels for transportation is increasing, it is necessary to develop technologies that will allow for low‐cost production of biodiesel. Conventional biodiesel is mainly produced from vegetable oil by chemical transesterification. This production, however, has relatively low land‐yield and is competing for agricultural land that can be used for food production. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in developing microbial fermentation processes for production of biodiesel as this will allow for the use of a wide range of raw‐materials, including sugar cane, corn, and biomass. Production of biodiesel by microbial fermentation can be divided into two different approaches, (1) indirect biodiesel production from oleaginous microbes by in vitro transesterification, and (2) direct biodiesel production from redesigned cell factories. This work reviews both microbial approaches for renewable biodiesel production and evaluates the existing challenges in these two strategies.
Engineering of Escherichia coli for targeted delivery of transgenes to HER2/neu‐positive tumor cells
Authors: Chang Chih‐Hsiang , Cheng Wei‐Jou , Chen Shan‐Yu , Kao Ming‐Ching , Chiang Chung‐Jen , Chao Yun‐Peng 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTargeting of non‐phagocytic tumor cells and prompt release of gene cargos upon entry into tumors are two limiting steps in the bacterial gene delivery path. To tackle these problems, the non‐pathogenic Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) was engineered to display the anti‐HER2/neu affibody on the surface. After co‐incubation with tumor cells for 3 h, the anti‐HER2/neu affibody‐presenting E. coli strain was selectively internalized into HER2/neu‐positive SKBR‐3 cells. The invasion efficiency reached as high as 30%. Furthermore, the bacteria were equipped with the phage ϕX174 lysin gene E‐mediated autolysis system. Carrying the transgene (e.g., eukaryotic green fluorescent protein, GFP), the tumor‐targeting bacteria were subjected to the thermal shock to trigger the autolysis system upon entry into HER2/neu‐positive cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that 3% of infected cells expressed GFP 24 h post thermal induction. Overall, the results show a promise of the proposed approach for developing bacteria as a delivery carrier. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1662–1672. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microscale to manufacturing scale‐up of cell‐free cytokine production—a new approach for shortening protein production development timelines
Authors: Zawada James F. , Yin Gang , Steiner Alexander R. , Yang Junhao , Naresh Alpana , Roy Sushmita M. , Gold Daniel S. , Heinsohn Henry G. , Murray Christopher J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEngineering robust protein production and purification of correctly folded biotherapeutic proteins in cell‐based systems is often challenging due to the requirements for maintaining complex cellular networks for cell viability and the need to develop associated downstream processes that reproducibly yield biopharmaceutical products with high product quality. Here, we present an alternative Escherichia coli‐based open cell‐free synthesis (OCFS) system that is optimized for predictable high‐yield protein synthesis and folding at any scale with straightforward downstream purification processes. We describe how the linear scalability of OCFS allows rapid process optimization of parameters affecting extract activation, gene sequence optimization, and redox folding conditions for disulfide bond formation at microliter scales. Efficient and predictable high‐level protein production can then be achieved using batch processes in standard bioreactors. We show how a fully bioactive protein produced by OCFS from optimized frozen extract can be purified directly using a streamlined purification process that yields a biologically active cytokine, human granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, produced at titers of 700 mg/L in 10 h. These results represent a milestone for in vitro protein synthesis, with potential for the cGMP production of disulfide‐bonded biotherapeutic proteins. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1570–1578. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An in silico compartmentalized metabolic model of Brassica napus enables the systemic study of regulatory aspects of plant central metabolism
Authors: Pilalis Eleftherios , Chatziioannou Aristotelis , Thomasset Brigitte , Kolisis Fragiskos 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBiochemical network reconstructions represent valuable tools for the computational metabolic modeling of organisms that present a great biotechnological interest. An in silico multi‐compartmental model of the central metabolism of the plant Brassica napus (Rapeseed) was constructed, aiming to investigate the metabolic properties of the Brassicaceae family. This family comprises many plants with major importance for the energy and nutrition sector, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The model utilized as objective function to be subsequently optimized, the biomass production of rapeseed developing embryos, which are characterized by a very high, oil content, up to 60% of biomass weight. In order to study global network properties of seed metabolism, various methods were employed, like Flux Balance Analysis, Principal Component Analysis of the flux space and reaction deletion studies, which simulate the effect of gene knock‐out experiments. The model successfully simulated seed growth during the stage of oil accumulation and provided insight, regarding certain aspects of network plasticity, with the emphasis given in lipid biosynthesis regulation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1673–1682. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Familiarity with and social distance from people with mental illness: Testing the mediating effects of prejudiced attitudes
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Fotios , Hantzi Alexandra 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine prejudiced attitudes as a factor associated with social distance from people with mental illness. A total of 289 university students from Greece completed written measures assessing social distance from, prejudiced attitudes about, and familiarity with mental illness. A structural equation model with manifest variables was tested. Participants who reported to be more familiar with mental illness held stronger social care and weaker prejudiced beliefs, and consequently expressed a less strong desire for social distance. Implications of the results and suggestions for future research are outlined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Cyclophilin Inhibitors Showing a Cyclosporin‐A Phenotype in C. elegans
Authors: Dunsmore Colin J. , Malone Kirk J. , Bailey Kevin R. , Wear Martin A. , Florance Hannah , Shirran Sally , Barran Perdita E. , Page Antony P. , Walkinshaw Malcolm D. , Turner Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCyclophilin A (CypA) is a member of the immunophilin family of proteins and receptor for the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin A (CsA). Here we describe the design and synthesis of a new class of small‐molecule inhibitors for CypA that are based upon a dimedone template. Electrospray mass spectrometry is utilised as an initial screen to quantify the protein affinity of the ligands. Active inhibitors and fluorescently labelled derivatives are then used as chemical probes for investigating the biological role of cyclophilins in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
Targeting Bacterial Membranes: Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosaD‐Arabinose‐5P Isomerase and NMR Characterisation of its Substrate Recognition and Binding Properties
Authors: Airoldi Cristina , Sommaruga Silvia , Merlo Silvia , Sperandeo Paola , Cipolla Laura , Polissi Alessandra , Nicotra Francesco 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe identification and characterisation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa KdsD (Pa‐KdsD), a D‐arabinose‐5P isomerase involved in the biosynthesis of 3‐deoxy‐D‐manno‐oct‐2‐ulosonic acid and thus of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are reported. We have demonstrated that KdsD is essential for P. aeruginosa survival and thus represents a key target for the development of novel antibacterial drugs. The key amino acid residues for protein activity have been identified. The structural requirements for substrate recognition and binding have been characterised for the wild‐type protein, and the effect of mutations of the key residues on catalytic activity and binding have been evaluated by saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy. Our data provide important structural information for the rational design of new KdsD inhibitors as potential antibacterial drugs.
Synthesis of 1,2‐Amino Alcohols by Sigmatropic Rearrangements of 3‐(N‐Tosylamino)allylic Alcohol Derivatives
Authors: Barbazanges Marion , Meyer Christophe , Cossy Janine , Turner Peter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSigmatropic rearrangements of 3‐(N‐tosylamino)allylic alcohol derivatives, a particular subclass of functionalized enamides, have been investigated. Whereas the presence of the nitrogen atom alters the stereochemical outcome of Ireland–Claisen rearrangements of glycolates derived from such substrates, [2,3]‐Wittig rearrangements of α‐allyloxy acetamides or propargylic ethers derivatives provide access to a wide variety of functionalized 1,2‐amino alcohols usually with high levels of stereocontrol, as well as to heterocyclic compounds. The stereoselectivity issues of these rearrangements (1,2‐diastereoselectivity, auxiliary‐induced diastereoselection, chirality transfer, and double stereodifferentiation) were thoroughly investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoluminescence Properties and Energy‐Transfer of Thermal‐Stable Ce3+, Mn2+‐Codoped Barium Strontium Lithium Silicate Red Phosphors.
Authors: Zhang Xinguo , Gong Menglian 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA series of red emitting phosphors, Ba1.8‐x‐y‐zSrx (Li2) 0.2SiO4:yCe3+,zMn2+ is prepared by solid state reaction of BaCO3, SrCO3, Li2CO3, SiO2, MnCO3, and CeO2 (90:10 N2/H2, 900 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The Solid Solutions Gd2Cu2In1‐xMgx — Drastic Increase of the Curie Temperature upon In/Mg Substitution.
Authors: Hermes Wilfried , Schappacher Falko M. , P�ttgen Rainer 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe title solid solutions (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are synthesized from the elements (Ta tubes, 700 mbar Ar, 1020 K, 3 h) and characterized by powder XRD and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: YPd2Al3 — A New Superconducting Compound.
Authors: Pospisil Jiri , Kratochvilova Marie , Divis Martin , Prokleska Jan , Poltierova Vejpravova Jana , Sechovsky Vladimir 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPolycrystalline samples of the new title compound are prepared by melting stoichiometric amounts of the elements in an arc‐furnace under Ar atmosphere, followed by annealing at 700 °C for 14 d.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerosol Synthesis and Rietveld Analysis of Tetragonal (β1) PdZn.
Authors: Peterson Eric J. , Halevi Barr , Kiefer Boris , Spilde Michael N. , Datye Abhaya K. , Peterson Joe , Daemen Luc , Llobet Anna , Nakotte Heinz 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized with controlled composition by an aerosol method from a mixture of Pd and Zn dissolved in HNO3 followed by a reduction treatment in flowing 5% H2/N2 (500 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Hydriding Behavior of Li2MgPt.
Authors: Salvador J. R. , Herbst J. F. , Meyer M. S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by milling of a mixture of Li, Mg, and Pt in the atomic ratio of 2:1.5:1 (high energy mill, 5 h, argon atmosphere).
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Carboxylation of C—H Bonds with Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Zhang Liang , Cheng Jianhua , Ohishi Takeshi , Hou Zhaomin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe direct carboxylation of benzoxazoles proceeds via isolable benzoxazolyl copper compounds and carboxylate complexes to afford the corresponding esters in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: PEG‐Mediated Facile Protocol for N‐Boc Protection of Amines.
Authors: Siddaiah V. , Basha G. M. , Rao G. Padma , Prasad U. Viplava , Rao R. Suryachendra 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA simple, efficient, eco‐friendly, and highly chemoselective protocol for the title protection is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Addition of Functionalized Organozinc Reagents to Carbon Dioxide, Ketones, and Aldehydes in the Presence of MgCl2.
Authors: Bernhardt Sebastian , Metzger Albrecht , Knochel Paul 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEfficient addition of functionalized organozinc reagents to various carbonyl derivatives and CO2 is achieved in the presence of MgCl2.
ChemInform Abstract: Shape‐Persistent Arylenevinylene Macrocycles (AVMs) Prepared via Acyclic Diene Metathesis Macrocyclization (ADMAC).
Authors: Jin Yinghua , Zhang Aibo , Huang Yongshun , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA one‐step synthesis, UV‐VIS absorption and fluorescence properties, and aggregation behavior of two arylenevinylene macrocycles are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Rauhut—Currier Type Homo‐ and Heterocouplings Involving Nitroalkenes and Nitrodienes.
Authors: Shanbhag Pramod , Nareddy Pradeep R. , Dadwal Mamta , Mobin Shaikh M. , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA variety of aromatic and aliphatic nitroalkenes or nitrodienes undergoes heterocoupling reaction with methyl vinyl ketone (II) or acrylate (IV) in the presence of LiCl and imidazole.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Azidoiodination of Alkenes with Sodium Periodate, Potassium Iodide, and Sodium Azide: A High‐Yield Synthesis of β‐Iodoazides.
Authors: Chouthaiwale Pandurang V. , Karabal Pratibha U. , Suryavanshi Gurunath , Sudalai Arumugam 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe simple and mild synthesis furnishes exclusively the anti‐Markovnikov adducts in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminoarenethiolato—Copper(I) as (Pre‐)Catalyst for the Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers from Aryl Bromides and Sequential C—O/C—S and C—N/C—S Cross Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Sperotto Elena , van Klink Gerard P. M. , de Vries Johannes G. , van Koten Gerard 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe arylation of phenols with aryl bromides is smoothly catalyzed by an aminoarenethiolato—Cu(I) complex (2.5mol%) to give phenol ethers (III) and (V) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Double α‐Arylation of N‐Allylureas by Asymmetric Deprotonation and N→C Aryl Migration.
Authors: Tetlow Daniel J. , Hennecke Ulrich , Raftery James , Waring Michael J. , Clarke David S. , Clayden Jonathan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe aryl transfer from nitrogen to the allylic α‐carbon of the starting N‐allyl‐N′‐aryl ureas proceeds upon treatment with the lithium base (LDA) and DMPU [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis and Ring‐Opening Reactions of Monofluorinated Epoxides Derived from α‐Fluorosulfoximines.
Authors: Zhang Wei , Hu Jinbo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMonofluorinated epoxides are successfully prepared through the O‐cyclization reaction between α‐fluorosulfoximines (I), (XII), and (XIV) and ketones whereas, analogous reactions of (I) with aldehydes give complex mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclic Hemiacetals from 4‐Formylbenzoates and α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes Using a Sulfoalkyl‐Substituted N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst.
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Terai Nagisa , Shishido Kozo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed reaction of 4‐formylbenzoates (IIa) and (IIb) with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes stereoselectively affords polysubstituted 2‐hydroxytetrahydrofuran derivatives, e.g. (V) in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Allenoates Towards Aziridines: Synthesis of Functionalized Methylenepyrrolidines and Pyrroles.
Authors: Ribeiro Laia Fernanda M. , Cardoso Ana Lucia , Matos Beja Ana , Ramos Silva Manuela , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe reactivity of butadienoates towards aziridines is mainly influenced by the bulkiness of the N‐substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (E)‐Diethyl 6,6′‐(Diazene‐1,2‐diyl)bis(5‐cyano‐2‐methyl‐4‐phenylnicotinates), a New Type of 2,2′‐Azopyridine Dyes.
Authors: da Silva Daniel Botelho , Samadi Abdelouahid , Infantes Lourdes , Carreira Maria do Carmo , Marco‐Contellos Jose 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA simple method is developed to transform highly substituted 2‐aminopyridines and related heterocycles into azo compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Syntheses of the Unknown Quinolino[2,3‐c]cinnolines. Synthesis of Neocryptolepines.
Authors: Haddadin Makhluf J. , Zerdan Raghida M. Bou , Kurth Mark J. , Fettinger James C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA series of new heterocycles (III), (IV) and (VI) is obtained in relatively good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: EDTA‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydroquinoxalin‐2‐amine Derivatives by a Three‐Component Coupling of One‐Pot Condensation Reactions in an Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Kolla Srinivasa Rao , Lee Yong Rok 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThree‐component condensation of o‐phenylenediamine (I) with aliphatic or alicyclic ketones (II), (V) and isonitriles (III) proceeds efficiently in the presence of catalytic amounts of EDTA in water to give title dihydroquinoxalinamines (IV) and (VI) in high yields.