bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPRUCE CONE INSECTS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA AND THEIR CONTROL
Authors: Hedlin A. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInsects cause considerable loss of seed in white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and Engelmann spruce, P. engelmannii Parry, in British Columbia. The most important species are a maggot, Hylemya anthracina (Cz.), and a seed moth, Laspeyresia youngana (Kit.). Other insects are: a seed chalcid, Megastigmus piceae Roh., a cone axis midge, Dasineura rachiphaga Tripp, a gall midge, D. canadensis Felt, a seed midge, Mayetiola carpophaga Tripp, and a scale-feeding midge. These insects also occur in cones of Sitka spruce, P. sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., and black spruce, P. mariana (Mill.) BSP.The systemic insecticides dimethoate and formothion proved to be effective against these insects when applied as sprays following pollination in mid-June.
EFFECTS OF COLD TEMPERATURES ON HATCHING OF THE FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)
Authors: Wetzel B. W. , Kulman H. M. , Witter J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEgg masses of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner, were collected from new and old infestation areas of northern Minnesota before development started in the spring. Mortality of embryos was recorded after laboratory exposure to −10°, −15°, −20°, −25°, and −30° C for 12, 24, and 72 hours at 1, 2, 3, and 4 days before anticipated hatch. Length of treatment and temperatures of −10° and −15°C had minimal effect on survival. Mortality of embryos varied with days before hatch in an erratic cyclic pattern with temperatures and years. Temperature treatments of −20°, −25°, and −30 °C caused about 50%, 66%, and 100% embryo mortality. Mortality in new infestation areas was consistently higher than in older areas for all treatments.
DIVERSIFICATION AND SECONDARY INTERGRADATION OF TWO CHRYSOPA CARNEA STRAINS (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE)
Authors: Tauber Catherine A. , Tauber Maurice J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAnalysis of larval and adult characters, as well as biological data from various geographic populations, indicates that Chrysopa mohave Banks and Chrysopa carnea Stephens represent two strains of a single species and C. mohave is therefore designated a new synonym of C. carnea. The carnea strain occurs allopatrically throughout eastern and midwestern North America and the mohave strain is probably indigenous to California.The pattern of variation found in larvae and adults from different populations suggests that the carnea strain was secondarily introduced into California where it interbred with the mohave strain. This hybridization resulted in genetically varied populations with predominantly carnea characteristics in California’s Central Valley. Populations of the mohave strain occur in the California foothill and coastal areas because adults of the mohave strain, unlike the carnea strain, can aestivate during the hot, dry summers when food is sparse. Summer irrigation increases the abundance of larval and adult food which the non-aestivating carnea strain needs. It appears that the native mohave strain will compete successfully only in those areas of California which are unmodified by agricultural practices.
A NEW GENUS OF PYRGOMORPHIDAE (ACRIDOIDEA: ORTHOPTERA) FROM THE ISLAND OF SOCOTRA
Authors: McE. Kevan D. Keith 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new, endemic monotypic genus of Pyrgomorphidae, Xenephias, is described from Socotra. The single known species, X. socotranus n. sp., proves to be a member of the widely distributed tribe Sphenariini. It shows some similarities to eastern Asiatic genera, but is apparently closest to the isolated east African genus Sphenexia Karsch.
BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND THE HIGHER CATEGORIES
Authors: Stephen W. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe premises for biochemical systematics are outlined, including the demonstration of colinearity between polypeptides and the nucleotide sequence of the gene, and subsequent comparative studies based on amino acid sequencing of proteins. Distinct differences in the stability in the amino acid sequences among various proteins demands that the systematist select those most appropriate to the taxonomic problem to be resolved. As sequencing is a difficult and time consuming task, an alternative analytical means of obtaining objective data by which taxa may be phenetically compared is proposed. Electrophoretic studies on the enzyme GDH from cockroaches and bumble bees are outlined and the use of the data in superspecific classifications is documented.
NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE OAK LEAF-MINING SAWFLY, PROFENUSA LUCIFEX (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE), IN ONTARIO
Authors: Lindquist O. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractProfenusa lucifex (Ross), a blotch-mining sawfly on oak, Quercus L., is occasionally abundant in Ontario. The adults occur on host trees in June. The larvae, which are described and illustrated, mine the leaves from about mid-June to late July with a small partial second generation in the fall. The insect overwinters in the soil. Three species of chalcid parasites are known to attack eggs and larvae.
CUTEREBRA TENEBROSA: DESCRIPTION OF IMMATURE STAGES AND A REDESCRIPTION OF THE ADULT (DIPTERA: CUTEREBRIDAE)
Authors: Baird Craig R. , Graham Charles L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractImmature stages of the rodent bot fly, Cuterebra tenebrosa Coquillett, from central Washington are described and illustrated. Redescription of both sexes of the adult fly are also provided. Larval cuticular spines and posterior spiracular patterns are distinctive for second instars. Important characters of third instars include shape and number of points on cuticular spines and papillae arrangement. C. tenebrosa parasitizes bushy-tailed wood rats (Neotoma cinerea) and desert wood rats (N. lepida) in the western United States and western Canada.
IMPORTANCE OF STARCHES TO SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Shaw G. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIt was found that five different starches incorporated into artificial diet in place of sucrose made the diets significantly less nutritious for spruce budworm larvae (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)).The applicability of this to the natural situation — budworm larvae feeding on growing foliage — is unknown.
REPELLENCY OF WHEAT GERM EXTRACTS PREPARED WITH PEROXIDE-CONTAINING ETHER TO ADULTS OF TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE)
Authors: McGinnis A. J. , Loschiavo S. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe fat soluble components of raw wheat germ were extracted with diethyl ether, and the extracts assayed for aggregant or arrestant activity with adults of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum. Some extracts elicited a strong response, others had little effect, and still others were repellent. The concentration of peroxide in the ether was shown to be inversely correlated with the aggregating response evoked by the extract. In the preparation of extracts of biological material, therefore, solvents other than ether should be used unless the peroxide component is completely eliminated immediately before use.
UNE ÉPIZOOTIE D'ENTOMOPHTORA SP. DANS UNE POPULATION DU PUCERON DU SAPIN (CINARA CURVIPES) (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Smirnoff W. A. , MacLeod D. M. 
Published: December 2009

RésuméUne épizootie par Entomophtora sp. a été constatée dans une population de Cinara curvipes Patch. infestant très fortement un jeune peuplement pur de Abies balsamea M. La présence d’Entomophtora et la progression de l’épizootie ont été déterminées directement en forêt par l’observation des zygospores à l’aide d’un mini microscope portatif et par le dénombrement des pucerons morts et liquéfiés.L’Entomophtorose atteignit la majorité de la population de pucerons et parmi les rares femelles encore vivantes en octobre, seules celles ne contenant pas de zygospores, parvinrent à chercher refuge dans le sol. Des observations conduites l’année suivante dans les mêmes peuplements confirmèrent que l’épizootie par Entomophtora sp. avait contribué à l’anéantissement de la population de C. curvipes dans les territoires observés.
THE DEFENSIVE SECRETION OF A POLYDESMOID MILLIPEDE (DIPLOPODA)
Authors: Weatherston J. , Gardiner E. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChemical studies utilizing colour tests, gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis have shown that hydrogen cyanide and benzaldehyde are constituents of the defensive secretion of the polydesmoid millipede Apheloria coriacea (Koch).
EFFECTS OF SOME CONSTANT AND ALTERNATING TEMPERATURES ON POPULATION GROWTH OF THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Siddiqui W. H. , Barlow C. A. , Randolph P. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAlternating temperatures resulted in higher intrinsic rates of increase (rm) than constant temperatures within the range of temperature favourable for growth and reproduction of the pea aphid. This difference was due to slightly faster development and earlier attainment of maximum fecundity at alternating temperatures.Preliminary mathematical models relating rm to constant and alternating temperatures are derived. These are:for constant temperatures andfor alternating temperatures of 5°, 10°, and 15° amplitudes respectively. Average deviation between empirical and computed values is 2%. The efficacy of these models is restricted to temperatures favourable for development and reproduction of the pea aphid.
INTERFERENCE BETWEEN NEST POPULATIONS OF FORMICA OBSCURIPES AND DOLICHODERUS TASCHENBERGI (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Bradley G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInterference between Formica obscuripes Forel and Dolichoderus taschenbergi (Mayr) colonies was observed in the laboratory and in the field. D. taschenbergi was by far the stronger competitor in the laboratory test, but only slightly superior to F. obscuripes in the field. It was concluded that colonies of F. obscuripes and D. taschenbergi transplanted to areas requiring ant protection would not be rendered ineffective by the presence of previously established colonies of either species.
A NEW SPECIES OF CTENICERA FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AND A RE-EVALUATION OF THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF ESTHESOPUS AND HORISTONOTUS (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE)
Authors: Becker Edward C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA new species, Ctenicera sleeperi, from the desert areas of southern California is described and illustrated. It is closely allied to C. pilatei (Champion), new combination, from Yucatan, Mexico; both species differ from all other nearctic species by the presence of setae on the tarsal claws and by the absence of the cubital crossvein. The differences between the nearctic species of Esthesopus and Horistonotus are discussed and illustrated. H. mitis Horn is transferred to Esthesopus, with H. pallidus Fall as a synonym.
DEUX CAS DE GYNANDROMORPHISME CHEZ LES ORNITHOPTÈRES (LEPIDOPTERA, PAPILIONIDAE)
Authors: Schmid F. 
Published: December 2009

Résumé et IntroductionA ma connaissance, aucun cas de gynandromorphisme n’a encore été signalé chez les Ornithoptères. Récemment, j’ai eu l’heur de recevoir deux individus, de caractère gynandromorphique d’ailleurs très inégal, que je fais connaître aujourd’hui, car ils présentent tous deux un intérêt certain.
A SUPPOSEDLY COSMOPOLITAN INSECT: THE CELERY WEBWORM AND ALLIES, GENUSNOMOPHILAHÜBNER (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE: PYRAUSTINAE)
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe supposedly cosmopolitan speciesNomophila noctuella(Denis and Schiffermüller) is shown to be one of a complex of 12 distinct species, some sympatric, some allopatric, and none ranging over more than three continents.N.noctuellaitself has the widest range, extending through most of the Palaearctic and Ethiopian regions, including Madagascar, and into tropical Asia as far as India and Pulo Laut. It also occurs adventively in Hawaii. Two additional endemic species,N.africanan. sp. andN.brevispinalisn. sp., occur in Africa; the Australian species,N.australican. sp., is endemic but occurs, probably adventively, on Christmas Island. The North American species,N.nearctican. sp., is distinct fromN.noctuella, but, like it, is a migrant and ranges south to northern tropical America. There are six endemic species in South America:N.colombianan. sp., Colombia;N.heterospila(Meyrick), Andes, transferred fromMacronomeutis, which falls as a synonym ofNomophila;N.helvolalis(Maassen), Andes;N.distinctalisn. sp., Peru, Bolivia, and Chile;N.indistinctalis(Walker), central and southern South America; andN.triticalisBerg, Argentina and Paraguay, to whichN.squalidalis(Hampson) falls as a synonym.N.incognitaViette, known from a single female from Amsterdam Island, Indian Ocean, is a good species.
TAXONOMIC NOTES ON APHIDS FROM NEPAL AND INDIA WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Quednau F. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genus Taoia and two new species, Taoia exotica from Alnus nepalensis D. Don. and Callaphis nepalensis from Juglans regia L., are described. Descriptions of Chromaphis hirsutustibis Kumar & Lavigne and of Tinocalloides montanus Basu are also given, together with keys to the so far known species of Taoia, Callaphis, and Chromaphis. Tuberdefectus eastopi Kumar & Lavigne is established as a synonym of T. montanus. The taxonomic position of these aphids is discussed.
IMMATURE STAGES AND BIOLOGY OF ZELUS SOCIUS (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE)
Authors: Swadener Stephen O. , Yonke Thomas R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe egg and five nymphal instars of Zelus socius Uhler are described and illustrated. The eggs are elongate-oval, 1.39 mm high and 0.53 mm in diameter (mean values). The mean lengths of nymphs are 2.45, 3.47, 5.64, 7.56, and 10.49 mm in the five stages, respectively. The developmental period for eggs averaged 9.0 days and the nymphal development averaged 52.6 days. There is one generation a year.
THE LARVA OF IXODES COOKEI (ACARINA: IXODIDAE)
Authors: Ko Ronald C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe larva of Ixodes cookei Packard, a common ixodid tick in eastern North America, is described. The description is based on specimens hatched from eggs in the laboratory. The eggs were from females collected from groundhogs (Marmota monax Erxleben) trapped in spring in southern Ontario.
THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE WATER-BOATMAN,TRICHOCORIXELLA MEXICANA(HETEROPTERA: CORIXIDAE)
Authors: Peters Walter , Ulbrich Raymond 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTrichocorixella mexicana(Hung.), a corixid, has dextral and sinistral males and bilaterally symmetrical females. The development of this polymorphic form from ovum to adult shows five nymphal instars. Thus, this species must be added to the list of polymorphic Corixidae that have five nymphal instars in their life history.
SENSITIVITY OF ORYZAEPHILUS SURINAMENSIS (COLEOPTERA: CUCUJIDAE) TO CESIUM-137: I. IRRADIATION OF EGGS: THE EFFECTS ON HATCHING, SURVIVAL, AND FECUNDITY
Authors: Chawla S. S. , Perron J. M. , Huot L. , Corrivault G.-W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOryzaephilus surinamensis L. eggs in three age groups were irradiated with Cesium-137. Irradiation dosages of 15,480 rads did not affect the hatching of 48- to 72-hr-old eggs, though 24- to 48-hr-old eggs were more resistant than the 0- to 24-hr-old eggs. LD50 values measured as survival of 7-day-old larvae, however, showed that 48- to 72-hr-old eggs were more sensitive than 24- to 48-hr-old eggs. Dosages from 1935 to 2580 rads depressed the fecundity of adults emerged from irradiated eggs.
SCARABATERMES AMAZONENSIS, A NEW GENUS, NEW SPECIES, OF TERMITOPHILOUS SCARABAEIDAE (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Howden Henry F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractScarabatermes amazonensis n. g., n. sp., is described from Leticia, Colombia. The species occurs in the nests of Neocapritermes braziliensis (Snyder).
GROUND BEETLE POPULATIONS NEAR A KRAFT MILL
Authors: Freitag R. , Hastings L. , Mercer W. R. , Smith A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwenty species of ground beetles (Family Carabidae) and one species of carrion beetle (Family Silphidae) were collected in six stations east of a kraft paper mill in Thunder Bay, Ontario, from May to August, 1971. The beetle population decreased markedly towards the mill. There was no apparent statistical difference in size variation of specimens near the mill and those further away.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIONOMICS OF THE DARK-SIDED CUTWORM, EUXOA MESSORIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN ONTARIO
Authors: Cheng H. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe dark-sided cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harris), has a North American distribution and is commonly found in tobacco fields in Ontario. It has one generation a year, and overwinters as an egg in the soil. Hatching takes place in early April and the young larvae feed on the rye rotation crop; later they attack newly transplanted tobacco seedlings. Head width measurements of larvae collected from the field show seven instars, but individual rearing data of E. messoria larvae reveal that small numbers pass through six and an occasional larva passes through eight; however, the eighth instar has the same head width as the seventh. Pupation occurs from late July to mid-August in the soil. The adult emerges from mid-August to October, and oviposition occurs in this same period. Eggs are completely developed before winter. Behaviour and duration of the different stages are described. Natural mortality factors of the species are given.
THE BIOLOGY OF POLLENIA RUDIS, THE CLUSTER FLY (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE): I. HOST LOCATION BY FIRST-INSTAR LARVAE
Authors: Thomson A. J. , Davies D. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe percentage of first-instar cluster-fly larvae successfully penetrating their earthworm hosts, Eisenia rosea (Sav.), remained quite constant at 13 °C when ratios of larvae to worms were from 7.5:1 to 0.5:1. Larvae descended into undisturbed soil only by following naturally occurring pore spaces (inter-ped spaces or those caused by vegetation or earthworms). In disturbed soil lacking natural pores, few earthworms were penetrated by the larvae, partly due to earthworm behaviour of blocking their burrows with casts. The significance of soil conditions and other factors as it affects this parasitic relationship is discussed.
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN RESISTANCE TO WHITE PINE WEEVIL (PISSODES STROBI) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) BY EASTERN WHITE PINE (PINUS STROBUS)
Authors: Garrett P. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWeevil damage on 12 sources of eastern white pine was measured. Differences between sources at age 13 were significant, but all sources were heavily weeviled. It is doubtful that sources resistant to the white pine weevil will be located.
A KEY TO ALL STAGES OFAEDES NIGRIPESANDA.IMPIGER(DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) WITH A DESCRIPTION OF FIRST-INSTAR LARVAE AND PUPAE
Authors: Danks H. V. , Corbet Philip S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractKeys and illustrations are given that enable all stages to be identified ofAedes nigripesandA.impiger, normally the only two species of mosquito found in the high arctic. First-instar larvae and pupae of both species are described for the first time. Keys and descriptions are based on material from northern Ellesmere Island.
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF AEDES (O.) STICTICUS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN RELATION TO DIFFERENT CONSTANT TEMPERATURES
Authors: Trpis M. , Haufe W. O. , Shemanchuk J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEmbryonic development in the mosquito Aedes (O.) sticticus (Meigen) was studied on moist surfaces at five constant temperatures between 5° and 34 °C. Time for complete embryogenesis was 608, 272, 192, 152, and 120 h at 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30 °C, respectively. Upper and lower temperature thresholds were 33 °C and from 6° to 8 °C, respectively. Embryonic development proceeded normally when eggs were submerged in water at 25° and 30 °C, and no difference in developmental rate was observed between eggs on moist filter paper and those submerged in water.
THE DIGESTIVE PROCESSES OF HAEMATOPHAGOUS INSECTS: III. INHIBITION OF TRYPSIN BY HONEY AND THE POSSIBLE FUNCTIONS OF THE OESOPHAGEAL DIVERTICULA OF MOSQUITOES (DIPTERA)
Authors: Gooding R. H. , Cheung A. C. , Rolseth B. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHoney inhibits esterolytic and proteolytic activity of trypsin fromAedes aegypti,Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, and cattle. The inhibitor is heat stable and only a portion of the inhibition capacity is lost from the honey by dialysis. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose have no effect upon trypsin but ascorbic acid and riboflavin are inhibitory while gluconic acid is an activator. Nectar from lilies but not from honeysuckles inhibitsC.pipiens quinquefasciatustrypsin.
AN IMPROVED TRAP TO DETECT BEETLES (COLEOPTERA) IN STORED GRAIN
Authors: Loschiavo S. R. , Atkinson J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA trap to detect beetles in stored grain is described and compared with earlier versions and other sampling devices. Being escape-proof the trap can be left in grain for long periods thus increasing its reliability. It is strongly constructed of rust-proof materials to withstand field use. It is economical, light, compact, and simple to use in the field or laboratory. Preliminary trials show that it is highly effective as an insect detector and trap.
THE SEED MAGGOT COMPLEX, HYLEMYA (DELIA) PLATURA AND H. (DELIA) LITURATA (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), AS PRIMARY PESTS OF RADISH
Authors: Nair K. S. S. , McEwen F. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe seed maggot complex, Hylemya (Delia) platura Meig. and H. (Delia) liturata Meig., is shown to be a primary pest of radish. In laboratory experiments larvae of this species complex attacked radishes and developed into pupae whether or not the plants were already damaged by the cabbage maggot, H. brassicae Bouché.
BIOLOGY OF THE MAPLE TRUMPET SKELETONIZER,EPINOTIA ACERIELLA(LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), IN NEW YORK
Authors: Côté Wilfred A. , Allen Douglas C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe life history ofEpinotia aceriella(Clemens) is discussed and the life stages described. Information is presented on feeding behavior, distribution, hosts, and natural enemies. Control recommendations are made.
CHANGES IN THE LIPID AND NITROGEN CONTENT DURING POSTEMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF PSEUDALETIA UNIPUNCTA (LEPIDOPTER A: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Mukerji M. K. , Guppy J. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChanges were recorded in dry matter content and in the metabolism of lipids and nitrogen during the postembryonic development of Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.) on corn. The study revealed that 22 to 24% of the lipids were used during moulting and pupal–adult transformation and that nitrogen was not lost during such periods. The coefficient of apparent utilization of nitrogen remained more or less constant; however, that of lipids decreased with larval development. No significant difference was evident in the relationship between lipid consumption and weight gain, and nitrogen consumption and weight gain during larval development. A direct linear relationship was obtained between nitrogen and lipid utilization during all instars. In terms of heterauxesis, the accumulation of lipids during larval development was opposed to that of nitrogen.
A SAMPLING PLAN FOR STUDIES ON THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF WHITE GRUBS, PHYLLOPHAGA SPP. (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)
Authors: Guppy J. C. , Harcourt D. G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA study of sampling variation in the white grubs Phyllophaga fusca Froelick and P. anxia LeConte in a permanent meadow showed that inter-plot differences occurred in 70% of the samples. Block differences were rarely significant. For all stages, the most appropriate sample unit was a 1 ft cube of soil and sod. The number of samples required was inversely proportional to population density; this relationship was graphed for three levels of sampling precision.