bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Burning on the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Content in Goat Satay in the East Java Region
Authors: Apriani G. , Yunita C. N. , Rosyidi D. , Rahayu P. P. , Saputro E. , Radiati L. E. 
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the levels of PAHs in commercial goat satay in all cities throughout East Java. PAHs are organic compounds that have two or more benzene rings joined together and are made only of carbon and hydrogen. PAHs can enter the human body through breathing, absorption, or skin contact. PAHs have been shown to have the potential to cause various carcinogenic, mutagenic, and immune disrupting effects. The samples taken for the study were 27 samples. This research was conducted in a non-experimental manner by observing the object of research directly. Data collection techniques in this study were conducted by interview, observation, and chemical analysis in the laboratory. The results showed that the weight of goat satay had an average of 119.3 g, the highest burning time of samples with the code MJT-B and MDN-C for 10 minutes 17 seconds, and the distance between charcoal and the highest goat satay meat was in samples with the code PRB-A, PRB-B, BT-A, MJT-A, MJT-B, MDN-A, and MDN-C as far as 1.0 cm, and the highest fat content test obtained from the MDN-C sample code was 0.97 grams. Analysis of PAH compounds was carried out using the chromatographic method. The PAH test obtained the highest results with the sample code MDN-C with the results of Pyrene (Pyr) 0.71 ± 394.87, Fluoranthene (Flt) 0.45 ± 351.21, Anthracene (Ants) 4.41 ± 225.48, and Fluorene (Flr) 0.28 ± 52.60. The results of compounds that have values <0.0004 are declared as samples that do not indicate PAH compounds.
Optimizing Returns in Mulberry Cultivation: A Resource use Efficiency Study in Chikkaballapur District of Karnataka, India
Authors: B. M Likitha , Gaddi G. M. , Nethrayini K. R. , Venkataramana M. N. , Sadatulla Fatima , Dasari Joycy Rani 
Published: May 2024

The present study was conducted to analyze resource use efficiency in mulberry cultivation using data from cultivators of the Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka collected during 2021-22 from mulberry growing farmers. Twenty mulberry growers were selected using a multistage random sampling technique from each of the two chosen taluks leading in mulberry cultivation in Chikkaballapur district. The resource use efficiency analysis was carried out using production function analysis by comparing the marginal value productivity from each of the resources with the marginal input cost from each of the resources (profitability ratio). Results indicated scope to increase the use of fertilizer, FYM, and irrigation as additional expenditure on these resources would result in additional return. The summation of the production coefficients indicated increasing returns to scale and scope to increase the use of resources and optimize returns from mulberry cultivation from the current level.
Assessing the Impact of Onion Juice on the Levels of Leutinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone in Female Mice Exposed to Transfluthrin Smoke
Authors: Waribo Helen Anthony , Emenike MaryJane Oluomachi , Brisibe Ngozi 
Published: May 2024

Aim: Transfluthrin is a fast-acting insecticide used in household mainly against mosquites. Its uses have not been without health risk to humans. The study aims at evaluating the effect of onion juice on follicle stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone levels in mice exposed to transfluthrin smoke.
Study Design: This is an animal study conducted in the Animal House, College of Medical Science in Rivers State University.
Materials and Methods: Thirty( 30) female mice were used in this study. They were divided into six groups of five mice each; Group 1(negative control, exposed to normal environmental air), Group 2(exposed to 6g of transfluthrin coated insecticide paper smoke and given 0.2ml of onion juice), Group 3(exposed to 6g of transfluthrin coated insecticide paper smoke only), Group 4(exposed to 12g of transfluthrin coated insecticide paper smoke and given 0.2ml of onion juice), Group 5(exposed to 12g of transfluthrin coated insecticide paper smoke only), Group 6(given 0.2ml of onion juice only) through the oral gavage method daily. The smoke inhalation lasted for 15minutes daily for 28 days using the already formulated packaged transflutrin coated insecticide papers in the market.
Results: There was a significant difference in the mean values of Follicle Stimulating Hormone in groups 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 when compared to group 1 (P=0.004). There was no significant difference observed in the mean values of Leutinizing Hormone in the various groups (P=0.068). The ovaries in groups 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 showed several distortion and fluid congestion, which could be attributed to auto regulatory mechanisms leading to biochemical derangement.
Conclusion: This study shows that the exposure significantly altered the hormonal levels and the ovarian cyto architecture of the mice. It also reveals that exposure to transfluthrin is detrimental to the reproductive functions of female mice however, the Onion juice administered to the mice in this study showed no ameliorative effect on the ovarian distortion, hence not improving the reproductive status of the mice.
The Effect of Purwoceng Extract on the Etawa Crossbreed Bucks Mating
Authors: Yahya Ikhsan Abdilla , Sitepu Sukma Aditya , Negara Adhona Bhajana Wijaya 
Published: May 2024

Aims: This research aims to determine the effect of purwoceng extract on Etawa crossbreed bucks
Study Design: Completely randomized non-factorial design with 4 treatments given to bucks (ethawa crossbreeds), namely Purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina KDS or Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) extract
Place and Duration of Study: Ikhsan Farm, Sei Glugur Village, Pancur Batu District, Indonesia, between December 2023 and March 2024.
Methodology: The research was carried out by administering various doses of purwoceng extract to Etawa crossbreed bucks and then observing mating with Etawa crossbreed doe. The treatment given was administration of purwoceng extract in amounts P0 (0 mg), P1 (400 mg), P2 (800 mg), and P3 (1400 mg). The research parameters were the frequency of mounting does, the frequency of penetration, the number of doe mounted and the number of doe penetrated.
Results: There was an increase in the values of all parameters. The lowest frequency of mounting doe is P0, namely 17 and the highest is P3, namely 32. The lowest frequency of penetration is P0, namely 12 and the highest is 20. The lowest number of doe mounted is P0 and P1, namely 5 and the highest is P3, namely 7. The lowest number of doe penetrations is P0 and P1 are 5 and the highest are P2 and P3, namely 6.
Conclusion: The best treatment is the addition of 800 mg of purwoceng extract (P2), Because the highest number of penetrating doe has the same value between P2 and P3, it will be more efficient if the treatment used is P2.
Modification of Jordanian Zeolite as Slow-release Fertilizers and Soil Conditioner
Authors: Al-Balawna Zohuir A. , Abu-Abdoun Ideisan I. 
Published: May 2024

Zeolites are alumina- silicate minerals that can lose, absorb water and various ions and gases. Grinned zeolites rock is treated with selected natural material and used as environmentally friendly slow release fertilizer and found to improvement physical and chemical properties of soil. This natural mixture product can release slowly important salts of phosphate (PO4 2−) and sulphate (SO 4-) of the elements: potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca 2+), Magnesium (Mg 2+), iron (Fe3+), Zinc (Zn 2+), Manganese (Mn 2+), Copper (Cu 2+) in the zeolites porous structure which is expected to release nutrients and even micronutrients leaching throughout crop growth and improve soil fertility and water use efficiency.
To the grinded zeolite rocks having sizes from 0 - 4.0 mm four selected materials were added to produce an efficient slow release fertilizer named modified Zeolite, which is evaluated as fertilizer and soil conditioner for selected plants in this study, and there use found to reduce both the amount of chemical fertilizer, and irrigation water consumption, increase in plant growth in terms of quality and quantity was reported, another aspect is a decrease in the soil pH and electron conductivity upon using the prepared modified Zeolite.
Securing the Digital Frontier: Strategies for Cloud Computing Security, Database Protection, and Comprehensive Penetration Testing
Authors: Igwenagu Udochukwu ThankGod Ikechukwu , Salami Abidemi Ayodotun , Arigbabu Abayomi Shamsudeen , Mesode Cassandra Esambe , Oladoyinbo Tunbosun Oyewale , Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji 
Published: May 2024

This research paper explores the effectiveness of integrated cybersecurity strategies, focusing on the amalgamation of cloud computing security, database protection, and penetration testing into a unified risk management framework. The primary aim is to evaluate how such integration impacts the overall cybersecurity posture of organizations, offering insights into mitigating cyber threats, unauthorized access, and data breaches. Employing a survey-based methodology, the study gathered data from 365 professionals across cloud computing, database administration, and cybersecurity fields. Through descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the research explored the interrelations between various cybersecurity strategies and their collective influence on organizational resilience against cyber threats. The findings underscore the significant benefits of a holistic cybersecurity approach, revealing that penetration testing, robust database security measures, and strict adherence to cloud computing security requirements significantly reduce vulnerabilities and incidents of data breaches. Moreover, the study established that a unified risk management framework substantially enhances an organization's cybersecurity posture, highlighting the critical role of integrated security measures in fostering organizational resilience. The research confirms the hypothesis that incorporating cybersecurity strategies across different domains leads to a synergistic enhancement of security defenses, offering a more robust mechanism against the multifaceted nature of cyber threats. In conclusion, the study advocates for the adoption of a comprehensive, integrated approach to cybersecurity, emphasizing regular penetration testing, stringent database security protocols, and adherence to cloud computing security standards as essential components of a robust cybersecurity framework. This approach not only mitigates the risk of cyber threats but also strengthens organizational resilience, ensuring a secure digital environment for future challenges.
Ultralow Dielectric Constant Tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane Films Deposited by Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD)
Authors: Trujillo Nathan J. , Wu Qingguo , Gleason Karen K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSimultaneous improvement of mechanical properties and lowering of the dielectric constant occur when films grown from the cyclic monomer tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (V4D4) via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) are thermally cured in air. Clear signatures from silsesquioxane cage structures in the annealed films appear in the Fourier transform IR (1140 cm−1) and Raman (1117 cm−1) spectra. The iCVD method consumes an order of magnitude lower power density than the traditional plasma‐enhanced CVD, thus preserving the precursor's delicate ring structure and organic substituents in the as‐deposited films. The high degree of structural retention in the as‐deposited film allows for the beneficial formation of intrinsically porous silsesquioxane cages upon annealing in air. Complete oxidation of the silicon creates ‘Q’ groups, which impart greater hardness and modulus to the films by increasing the average connectivity number of the film matrix beyond the percolation of rigidity. The removal of labile hydrocarbon moieties allows for the oxidation of the as‐deposited film while simultaneously inducing porosity. This combination of events avoids the typical trade‐off between improved mechanical properties and higher dielectric constants. Films annealed at 410 °C have a dielectric constant of 2.15, and a hardness and modulus of 0.78 and 5.4 GPa, respectively. The solvent‐less and low‐energy nature of iCVD make it attractive from an environmental safety and health perspective.
Engineering Carbon Materials from the Hydrothermal Carbonization Process of Biomass
Authors: Hu Bo , Wang Kan , Wu Liheng , Yu Shu‐Hong , Antonietti Markus , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEnergy shortage, environmental crisis, and developing customer demands have driven people to find facile, low‐cost, environmentally friendly, and nontoxic routes to produce novel functional materials that can be commercialized in the near future. Amongst various techniques, the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process of biomass (either of isolated carbohydrates or crude plants) is a promising candidate for the synthesis of novel carbon‐based materials with a wide variety of potential applications. In this Review, we will discuss various synthetic routes towards such novel carbon‐based materials or composites via the HTC process of biomass. Furthermore, factors that influence the carbonization process will be analyzed and the special chemical/physical properties of the final products will be discussed. Despite the lack of a clear mechanism, these novel carbonaceous materials have already shown promising applications in many fields such as carbon fixation, water purification, fuel cell catalysis, energy storage, CO2 sequestration, bioimaging, drug delivery, and gas sensors. Some of the most promising examples will also be discussed here, demonstrating that the HTC process can rationally design a rich family of carbonaceous and hybrid functional carbon materials with important applications in a sustainable fashion.
Interfacial properties of chitosan and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether
Authors: Huang Su‐Mei , Hwang Jiunn‐Jer , Lin Li‐Huei , Liu Hsin‐Jiant , Yeh Tsung‐Che 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNonylphenols are water‐soluble surfactants that are used extensively in industry and are found in many consumer products. Nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (known commercially as TX‐100), which is one of the most popular members of this family, has a detrimental effect on the environment. Adding chitosan to a solution of TX‐100 reduces the amount of surfactant required while maintaining its surface activity. We evaluated the interfacial properties, including the surface tension, contact angle, and particle size, as well as the fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectra of various test solutions prepared from three stock solutions: (1) chitosan dissolved in dilute acetic acid, (2) TX‐100 dissolved in deionized water, and (3) a mixed chitosan/TX‐100 solution. Previous results revealed that low concentrations of TX‐100 are relatively harmless to the environment; in this study, we found that its surface activity at a higher concentration was equal to that of its chemical mixture with chitosan. In addition, we found that the presence of chitosan improved the stability of emulsions of TX‐100. The micellar particles were small, and the stability of the emulsion was maximized at a TX‐100 to chitosan ratio of 7 : 3. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Degradation of poly(butylene terephthalate) in different supercritical alcohol solvents
Authors: Yang Junhe , Huang Jie , Chyu Minking K. , Wang Qing‐Ming , Xiong Danliu , Zhu Zibin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractReactions were carried out in a batch autoclave reactor. Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and different alcohol solvents were used in the vessel. The reaction products were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Alcoholysis of PBT occurred in supercritical methanol, ethanol, and propanol, and we obtained dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), diethyl terephthalate (DET), and dipropyl terephthalate (DPT), respectively. The conversion of PBT at different temperatures showed similar trends but different degradation degrees. The reactivity for the alcoholysis of PBT in supercritical methanol was much higher than those in supercritical ethanol and propanol. DMT and 1,4‐butanediol obtained from the depolymerization of PBT in supercritical methanol reached 98.5 and 72.3%, respectively, at 583 K for 75 min. The yield of DET reached 76% for 75 min. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Rheological evaluation of the isothermal cure characteristics of medical grade silicone elastomers
Authors: McConville Christopher , Andrews Gavin P. , Laverty Thomas P. , Woolfson A. David , Malcolm R. Karl 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSilicone elastomer systems have been shown to offer potential for the fabrication of medical devices and sustained release drug delivery devices comprising low molecular weight drugs and protein therapeutics. For drug delivery systems in particular, there is often no clear rationale for selection of the silicone elastomer grade, particularly in respect of optimizing the manufacturing conditions to ensure thermal stability of the active agent and short cycle times. In this study, the cure characteristics of a range of addition‐cure and condensation‐cure, low‐consistency, implant‐grade silicone elastomers, either as supplied or loaded with the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the model hydrophilic excipient glycine, were investigated using oscillatory rheology with a view to better understanding the isothermal cure characteristics. The results demonstrate the influence of elastomer type, cure temperature, protein loading, and glycine loading on isothermal cure properties. By measuring the cure time required to achieve tan delta values representative of early and late‐stage cure conditions, a ratio t1/t2 was defined that allowed the cure characteristics of the various systems to be compared. Sustained in vitro release of BSA from glycine‐loaded silicone elastomer covered rod devices was also demonstrated over 14 days. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and characterization of microcapsules containing capsaicin
Authors: Jincheng Wang , Sihao Chen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWith urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resin as walls and capsaicin as core substances, microcapsules were prepared based on in situ polymerization process. The morphology and size distribution of the microcapsules were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, laser particle size analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy. The microcapsulated capsaicin (MC) agents had a mean diameter of about 30–50 μm. Moreover, the thermal properties of the MC agents were measured by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. It was demonstrated that the melting point and thermal stability of the MC agents were greatly improved compared with that of the uncovered capsaicin, which were caused by the encapsulating crosslinked UF resin over the surface. The shell formation mechanism and the effects of the process conditions such as U/F ratio, shearing force, and acidification time on the particle size of the MC agents were discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and characterization of thermally conductive polystyrene/carbon nanotubes composites
Authors: Tu Haoming , Ye Lin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThermally conductive polystyrene (PS)/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) nanocomposites was prepared through a simple solution‐evaporation method assisted by ultrasonic irradiation. To enhance the dispersion of MWNTs in PS, MWNTs were chemically functionalized with poly(styrene‐co‐maleic anhydride) (SMA) (MWNT‐g‐SMA), which had benzene group and exhibited strong affinity with PS. The thermal conductive properties of PS increased and the mechanical properties decreased in presence of MWNTs, while by addition of MWNT‐g‐SMA, the properties of the composites can be improved to some extent. The thermal conductivity can reach 0.89 W/m K for the composite with 33.3 vol % MWNT‐g‐SMA, which was four times higher than that of neat PS. A linear increase of the thermal conductivity was observed with increasing MWNTs‐g‐SMA content, and the Maxwell–Eucken model and the Agari model were used for theoretical evaluation. Compared with MWNT‐OH, MWNT‐g‐SMA with larger diameter exhibited diffused boundary with the PS matrix, resulting from the strong interfacial bonding of the two phases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Evaluation of mechanical properties of polypropylene/polycarbonate/SEBS ternary polymer blends using Taguchi experimental analysis
Authors: Jazani O. Moini , Arefazar A. , Saeb M. R. , Ghaemi A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this work, ternary polymer blends based on polypropylene (PP)/polycarbonate (PC)/poly(styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene) (SEBS) triblock copolymer and a reactive maleic anhydride grafted SEBS (SEBS‐g‐MAH) at fixed compositions are prepared using twin‐screw extruder at different levels of die temperature (235‐245‐255°C), screw speed (70‐100‐130 rpm), and blending sequence (M1‐M2‐M3). In M1 procedure, all of the components are dry blended and extruded simultaneously using Brabender twin‐screw extruder, whereas in M2 procedure, PC, SEBS, and SEBS‐g‐MAH minor phases are first preblended in twin‐screw extruder and after granulating are added to PP continuous phase in twin‐screw extruder. Consequently, in M3 procedure, PP and SEBS‐g‐MAH are first preblended and then are extruded with other components. The influence of these parameters as processing conditions on mechanical properties of PP/PC/SEBS ternary blends is investigated using L9 Taguchi experimental design. The responding variables are impact strength and tensile properties (Young's modulus and yield stress), which are influenced by the morphology of ternary blend, and the results are used to perform the analysis of mean effect as well. It is shown that the resulted morphology, tensile properties, and impact strength are influenced by extrusion variables. Additionally, the optimum processing conditions of ternary PP/PC/SEBS blends were achieved via Taguchi analysis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Transparent magnesium hydroxide/acrylate nanocomposite films
Authors: Wriedt S. , Kaskel S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNanocrystalline Mg(OH)2 was synthesized using four different methods and the crystallite size was calculated from X‐ray powder diffraction patterns. For the stabilization of the particles in polymer dispersions, two different surface modifiers were used [poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) and 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane]. IR spectroscopy measurements show that the surface of the particles is covered with the surface modifiers rendering the particles dispersable in monomer solutions such as butanediol monoacrylate. The dispersions were polymerized into films of 100 μm thickness by addition of a UV initiator (2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, Lucirin TPO) and a crosslinking agent (trimethylolpropanetriacrylate, Laromer TMPTA) between two glass plates by UV‐polymerization. The resulting films were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and scratch resistance tests. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010