bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation-dependent α5β1 (very late antigen-5) expression on leukocytes reveals a functional role for this integrin in acute peritonitis
Authors: Sampaio André L F , Zahn Grit , Leoni Giovanna , Vossmeyer Doerte , Christner Claudia , Marshall John F , Perretti Mauro 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Stimulus-specific role for α5β1 in the process of leukocyte recruitment; fibronectin levels are increased in the inflamed tissue so that interaction with α5β1 becomes functional.
The potential role of α5β1 (VLA-5) in leukocyte trafficking in zymosan-induced acute peritonitis was determined. In naïve mice, ∼98% of Gr1high cells (PMN) in bone marrow and circulation were α5β1-negative; these profiles were modestly affected by peritoneal injection of zymosan. In contrast, ∼30% of Gr1high cells recruited by zymosan (24 h) to the peritoneal cavity expressed α5β1. With respect to F4/80+ cells, ∼60% of bone marrow and peripheral blood populations expressed α5β1, with ∼90% positivity in resident cells of noninflamed peritoneum. Analysis of α5β1 expression revealed inflammation-dependent increased expression on Gr1high and F4/80+ cells in bone marrow, blood, and peritoneal cavity. Blockade of α5β1, by an anti-α5 mAb, attenuated zymosan-induced 24 h recruitment of Gr1high and F4/80+ cells. At least one underlying mechanism of this action was reduction of cell adhesion and transmigration across microvascular vessels, as revealed by intravital microscopy. Confocal analyses indicated that deposition of fibronectin, the principal ligand for α5β1, was up-regulated significantly on and around the inflamed mesenteric microvasculature. These data suggest that the effects of α5-blockade may be a result of inhibition of α5β1-dependent leukocyte adhesion to and migration along the fibronectin matrix. This is the first report that identifies a functional role for α5β1 in leukocyte trafficking during acute inflammation.
IL-23 and IL-12p70 production by monocytes and dendritic cells in primary HIV-1 infection
Authors: Louis Stéphanie , Dutertre Charles-Antoine , Vimeux Lene , Fery Ludovic , Henno Lucy , Diocou Seckou , Kahi Sandrine , Deveau Christiane , Meyer Laurence , Goujard Cécile , Hosmalin Anne 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
During HIV primary infection, monocytes and DCs produce high levels of p40 chain with apparent imbalance of IL-23 over IL-12.
IL-12 enhances protective responses against HIV replication. Its production after in vitro stimulation is defective in chronic HIV infection, but higher responses can be found. IL-23 shares the p40 chain and some properties with IL-12 and enhances Th17 responses, but its role in HIV infection is unknown. The production of IL-12 and IL-23 and the respective contribution of monocytes and myeloid conventional DC (cDCs) during primary HIV infection were determined. Sixteen patients included in the French PRIMO-ANRS Cohort without antiretroviral treatment were followed prospectively and compared with uninfected donors. Intracellular p40 expression by monocytes and cDCs, analyzed by flow cytometry, was transiently increased in monocytes and cDCs in response to LPS and more consistently, in monocytes in response to LPS + IFN-γ. IL-23 production, measured by ELISA after PBMC stimulation, was induced by LPS in strong correlation with VLs. IL-12p70 production required the addition of IFN-γ and was transiently increased in patients compared with controls in correlation with VLs, whereas IL-23 was increased sustainedly. Therefore, an apparent domination of IL-23 over IL-12 responses occurred throughout primary HIV infection, and a potential restoration of IL-12 responses might be expected from a treatment mimicking activated T cell signals.
Long-term mental health of Vietnamese refugees in the aftermath of trauma
Authors: Vaage Aina Basilier , Thomsen Per Hove , Silove Derrick , Wentzel-Larsen Tore , Van Ta Thong , Hauff Edvard 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundThere is no long-term prospective study (> 20 years) of the mental health of any refugee group.AimsTo investigate the long-term course and predictors of psychological distress among Vietnamese refugees in Norway.MethodEighty Vietnamese refugees, 57% of the original cohort previously interviewed in 1982 (T1) and 1985 (T2), completed a self-report questionnaire prior to a semi-structured interview. Mental health was measured using the Symptom Checklist–90–Revised (SCL–90–R).ResultsThe SCL–90–R mean Global Severity Index (GSI) decreased significantly fromT1toT3(2005–6), but there was no significant change in the percentage reaching threshold scores (GSI =1.00). Trauma-related mental disorder on arrival and the trajectory of symptoms over the first 3 years of resettlement predicted mental health after 23 years.ConclusionsAlthough the self-reported psychological distress decreased significantly over time, a substantial higher proportion of the refugee group still remained reaching threshold scores after 23 years of resettlement compared with the Norwegian population. The data suggest that refugees reaching threshold scores on measures such as the SCL–90–R soon after arrival warrant comprehensive clinical assessment.
Service use and cost of mental disorder in older adults with
intellectual disability
Authors: Strydom Andre , Romeo Renee , Perez-Achiaga Natalia , Livingston Gill , King Michael , Knapp Martin , Hassiotis Angela 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundThe cost of caring for people with intellectual disability currently
makes up a large proportion of healthcare spending in western Europe, and
may rise in line with the increasing numbers of people with intellectual
disability now living to old age.AimsTo report service use and costs of older people with intellectual
disability and explore the influence of sociodemographic and
illness-related determinants.MethodWe collected data on receipt and costs of accommodation, health and
personal care, physical as well as mental illness, dementia, sensory
impairment and disability in a representative sample of adults with
intellectual disability aged 60 years and older (n =
212).ResultsThe average weekly cost in GBP per older person was £790 (£41 080 per
year). Accommodation accounted for 74%. Overall costs were highest for
those living in congregate settings. Gender, intellectual disability
severity, hearing impairment, physical disorder and mental illness had
significant independent relationships with costs. Mental illness was
associated with an additional weekly cost of £202.ConclusionsOlder adults with intellectual disability comprise about 0.15–0.25% of
the population of England but consume up to 5% of the total personal care
budget. Interventions that meet needs and might prove to be
cost-effective should be sought.
The Kraepelinian dichotomy – going, going … but still not
gone
Authors: Craddock Nick , Owen Michael J. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryRecent genetic studies reinforce the view that current approaches to the
diagnosis and classification of major psychiatric illness are inadequate.
These findings challenge the distinction between schizophrenia and bipolar
disorder, and suggest that more attention should be given to the
relationship between the functional psychoses and neurodevelopmental
disorders such as autism. We are entering a transitional period of several
years during which psychiatry will need to move from using traditional
descriptive diagnoses to clinical entities (categories and/or dimensions)
that relate more closely to the underlying workings of the brain.
Controlled comparison of two crisis resolution and home treatment teams
Authors: Tyrer P. , Gordon F. , Nourmand S. , Lawrence M. , Curran C. , Southgate D. , Oruganti B. , Tyler M. , Tottle S. , North B. , Kulinskaya E. , Kaleekal J. T. , Morgan J. 
Published: January 2010

Aims and methodTo compare an existing crisis resolution service with a new crisis resolution team (CRT) in Wales. The impact of the new team was measured by changes in bed days and admissions. A random sample of patients from each service was assessed for service satisfaction, social functioning and quality of life after first presentation.ResultsThe total number of bed days was reduced following the introduction of the new CRT (27.3%). The frequency and duration of compulsory admissions increased by 31% in the CRT between the first and second years and by 7% in the control service, offset by a greater reduction in informal admissions in the CRT (23.5%) compared with the control group (13.3%); overall bed usage was unchanged. Service satisfaction, social functioning and quality of life showed no important differences between the services.Clinical implicationsCrisis resolution teams may reduce informal admissions in the short term but at the cost of more compulsory admissions later.
Distinct Clinical, Serological, and Sonographic Characteristics of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Based with and without IgG4-Positive Plasma Cells
Authors: Li Yaqiong , Nishihara Eijun , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Taniguchi Emiko , Miyauchi Akira , Kakudo Kennichi 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Context: IgG4-related sclerosing disease is a new syndrome characterized by high serum IgG4 levels and increased IgG4-positive plasma cells in the involved organs. Recently the first description was made by our group of a subsection of Hashimoto’s autoimmune thyroiditis (HT) patients showing indistinguishable histopathological features with IgG4-related sclerosing disease, which was termed as IgG4 thyroiditis.
Objective: The objective of the study was analysis of the immunophenotypic features of IgG4 in 70 cases of HT patients and to clarify the histopathological and clinical characteristics of the patients with IgG4 thyroiditis.
Design: Thyroid tissue samples were obtained from 70 patients with HT who were treated surgically. Quantitative analyses of the expression of IgG4 and IgG were performed. Statistical analyses of clinical and histopathological parameters were also conducted.
Results: On the basis of immunohistochemistry of IgG4 and IgG4/IgG ratio, the 70 patients with HT were divided into two groups: IgG4 thyroiditis (19 cases) and non-IgG4 thyroiditis (51 cases). Histopathologically, IgG4 thyroiditis showed higher grade of stromal fibrosis, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, and follicular cell degeneration than non-IgG4 thyroiditis. Moreover, these two groups were also demonstrated to be related with different clinical features, with IgG4 thyroiditis associated more with male gender, rapid progress, subclinical hypothyroidism, more diffuse low echogenicity, and higher level of circulating antibodies.
Conclusions: From both clinical and histopathological aspects, IgG4 thyroiditis and non-IgG4 thyroiditis were demonstrated to be distinct entities. Measuring serum IgG4 concentration provides a useful method of distinguishing IgG4 thyroiditis from non-IgG4 thyroiditis.
Genotype and Tissue-Specific Effects on Alternative Splicing of the Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Gene in Humans
Authors: Mondal Ashis K. , Das Swapan K. , Baldini Giulia , Chu Winston S. , Sharma Neeraj K. , Hackney Oksana G. , Zhao Jianhua , Grant Struan F. A. , Elbein Steven C. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Context: Noncoding single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the TCF7L2 gene are confirmed risk factors for type 2 diabetes, but the mechanism by which they increase risk is unknown.
Objective: We hypothesized that associated SNPs alter TCF7L2 splicing and that splice forms have altered biological roles.
Design: Splice forms and 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions were characterized in sc adipose, muscle, liver, HepG2 cells, pancreas, and islet. Isoform-specific transcript levels were quantified in sc adipose. Alternative splice forms were characterized in HepG2 liver cells under glucose and insulin conditions and in SGBS cells with differentiation. Major isoforms were characterized by transfection.
Setting: The study was conducted at an ambulatory general clinical research center.
Patients: Patients included 78 healthy, nondiabetic study subjects characterized for insulin sensitivity and secretion.
Results: We identified 32 alternatively spliced transcripts and multiple-length 3′ untranslated region transcripts in adipose, muscle, islet, and pancreas. Alternative exons 3a, 12, 13, and 13a were observed in all tissues, whereas exon 13b was islet specific. Transcripts retaining exons 13 and 13a but not total TCF7L2 transcripts were significantly correlated with both obesity measures (P &lt; 0.01) and rs7903146 genotype (P &lt; 0.026) in sc adipose. Insulin (5–10 nm) suppressed all TCF7L2 isoforms in SGBS cells but suppressed exon 13a-containing isoforms most significantly (P &lt; 0.001). The isoform distribution differed throughout SGBS cell differentiation. Isoforms with predicted early stop codons yielded stable proteins of the predicted size, bound β-catenin, and targeted correctly to the nucleus.
Conclusions: Intronic TCF7L2 variants may regulate alternative transcript isoforms, which in turn may have distinct physiologic roles.
Can red flowers be conspicuous to bees?Bombus dahlbomiiand South American temperate forest flowers as a case in point
Authors: Martínez-Harms J. , Palacios A. G. , Márquez N. , Estay P. , Arroyo M. T. K. , Mpodozis J. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARYIt has been argued that trichromatic bees with photoreceptor spectral sensitivity peaks in the ultraviolet (UV), blue and green areas of the spectrum are blind to long wavelengths (red to humans). South American temperate forests (SATF) contain a large number of human red-looking flowers that are reported to be visited by the bumblebee Bombus dahlbomii. In the present study, B. dahlbomii's spectral sensitivity was measured through electroretinogram (ERG) recordings. No extended sensitivity to long wavelengths was found in B. dahlbomii. The spectral reflectance curves from eight plant species with red flowers were measured. The color loci occupied by these flowers in the bee color space was evaluated using the receptor noise-limited model. Four of the plant species have pure red flowers with low levels of chromatic contrast but high levels of negative L-receptor contrast. Finally, training experiments were performed in order to assess the role of achromatic cues in the detection and discrimination of red targets by B. dahlbomii. The results of the training experiments suggest that the bumblebee relies on achromatic contrast provided by the L-receptor to detect and discriminate red targets. These findings are discussed in the context of the evolutionary background under which the relationship between SATF species and their flower visitors may have evolved.
Aerodynamic damping during rapid flight maneuvers in the fruit fly Drosophila
Authors: Cheng B. , Fry S. N. , Huang Q. , Deng X. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARY
We systematically investigated the effect of body rotation on the aerodynamic torque generation on flapping wings during fast turning maneuvers (body saccades) in the fruit fly Drosophila. A quasi-steady aerodynamic simulation of turning maneuvers with symmetrically flapping wings showed that body rotation causes a substantial aerodynamic counter-torque, known as flapping counter-torque (FCT), which acts in the opposite direction to turning. Simulation results further indicate that FCTs are linearly dependent on the rotational velocity and the flapping frequency regardless of the kinematics of wing motion. We estimated the damping coefficients for the principal rotation axes — roll, pitch, yaw — in the stroke plane frame. FCT-induced passive damping exists about all the rotation axes examined, suggesting that the effects of body rotation cannot be ignored in the analysis of free-flight dynamics. Force measurements on a dynamically scaled robotic wing undergoing realistic saccade kinematics showed that although passive aerodynamic damping due to FCT can account for a large part of the deceleration during saccades, active yaw torque from asymmetric wing motion is required to terminate body rotation. In addition, we calculated the mean value of the damping coefficient at 21.00 ×10−12 N m s based on free-flight data of saccades, which is somewhat lower than that estimated by the simulation results (26.84×10−12 N m s).
Configural processing enables discrimination and categorization of face-like stimuli in honeybees
Authors: Avarguès-Weber A. , Portelli G. , Benard J. , Dyer A. , Giurfa M. 
Published: January 2010

SUMMARY
We studied whether honeybees can distinguish face-like configurations by using standardized stimuli commonly employed in primate and human visual research. Furthermore, we studied whether, irrespective of their capacity to distinguish between face-like stimuli, bees learn to classify visual stimuli built up of the same elements in face-like versus non-face-like categories. We showed that bees succeeded in discriminating both face-like and non-face-like stimuli and categorized appropriately novel stimuli in these two classes. To this end, they used configural information and not just isolated features or low-level cues. Bees looked for a specific configuration in which each feature had to be located in an appropriate spatial relationship with respect to the others, thus showing sensitivity for first-order relationships between features. Although faces are biologically irrelevant stimuli for bees, the fact that they were able to integrate visual features into complex representations suggests that face-like stimulus categorization can occur even in the absence of brain regions specialized in face processing.
A Hybrid Monte Carlo Local Branching Algorithm for the Single Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands
Authors: Rei Walter , Gendreau Michel , Soriano Patrick 
Published: January 2010

We present a new algorithm that uses both local branching and Monte Carlo sampling in a multidescent search strategy for solving 0-1 integer stochastic programming problems. This procedure is applied to the single-vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands. Computational results show the effectiveness of this new approach to solving hard instances of the problem. This paper was accepted by former Editor-in-Chief Hani Mahmassani.
Does the nature of schools matter? An exploration of selected school ecology factors on adolescent perceptions of school connectedness
Authors: Waters Stacey. , Cross Donna. , Shaw Therese. 
Published: January 2010

BackgroundConnectedness to school is a significant predictor of adolescent health and academic outcomes. While individual predictors of connectedness have been well‐described, little is known about school‐level factors which may influence connectedness. A school's ecology, or its structural, functional, and built aspects, coupled with interpersonal interactions, may also help to enhance adolescent connectedness.AimThis study aims to identify school ecological characteristics which predict enhanced connectedness in secondary school.SampleData from 5,159 Grade 8 students (12–13 years) from 39 randomly selected schools were tracked until the end of Grade 9 (13–14 years).MethodStudents' self‐reported school, teacher, and family connectedness, mental health and peer relationships were measured at two time points. Accounting for school‐level clustering, student‐ and school‐level ecological characteristics were modelled on self‐reported school connectedness in Grades 8 and 9.ResultsStudents' higher school connectedness in Grades 8 and 9 was influenced by greater levels of family connectedness, fewer classroom and peer problems, less difficult secondary school transition, fewer emotional problems, and greater prosocial skills. Seven school‐level ecological variables were significantly associated with school connectedness after controlling for student‐level predictors. At the school‐level, priority for pastoral care and students' aggregated writing skills scores significantly predicted concurrent and future enhanced connectedness.ConclusionsInterventions to improve students' school connectedness should address individual student characteristicsandschool functional features such as pastoral care strategies and helping students to achieve greater academic outcomes. Future studies should focus on the cumulative longitudinal influence of school ecological and student‐level predictors of school connectedness.
Exact Results for the Evolution of Stochastic Switching in Variable Asymmetric Environments
Authors: Gaál Bernadett , Pitchford Jonathan W , Wood A Jamie 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe ability of bacteria to spontaneously switch their expressed phenotype from an identical underlying genotype is now widely acknowledged. Mechanisms behind these switches have been shown to be evolvable. Important questions thus arise: In a fluctuating environment, under what conditions can stochastic switching evolve and how is the evolutionarily optimal switching rate related to the environmental changes? Here we derive exact analytical results for the long-term exponential population growth rate in a two-state periodically changing environment, where the environmental states vary in both their duration and in their impact on the fitness of each phenotype. Using methods from statistical physics we derive conditions under which nonswitching is evolutionarily optimal, and we furthermore demonstrate that the transition between the nonswitching and switching regimes is discontinuous (a first-order phase transition). Our general analytical method allows the evolutionary effects of asymmetries in selection pressures and environmental growth rates to be quantified. The evolutionary implications of our findings are discussed in relation to their to real-world applications in the light of recent experimental evidence.
The Stockholm Neonatal Family Centered Care Study: Effects on Length of Stay and Infant Morbidity
Authors: Örtenstrand Annica , Westrup Björn , Broström Eva Berggren , Sarman Ihsan , Åkerström Susanne , Brune Thomas , Lindberg Lene , Waldenström Ulla 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Parental involvement in the care of preterm infants in NICUs is becoming increasingly common, but little is known about its effect on infants' length of hospital stay and infant morbidity. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of a new model of family care (FC) in a level 2 NICU, where parents could stay 24 hours/day from admission to discharge.

METHODS:
A randomized, controlled trial was conducted in 2 NICUs (both level 2), including a standard care (SC) ward and an FC ward, where parents could stay from infant admission to discharge. In total, 366 infants born before 3707 weeks of gestation were randomly assigned to FC or SC on admission. The primary outcome was total length of hospital stay, and the secondary outcome was short-term infant morbidity. The analyses were adjusted for maternal ethnic background, gestational age, and hospital site.

RESULTS:
Total length of hospital stay was reduced by 5.3 days: from a mean of 32.8 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29.6–35.9) in SC to 27.4 days (95% CI: 23.2–31.7) in FC (P = .05). This difference was mainly related to the period of intensive care. No statistical differences were observed in infant morbidity, except for a reduced risk of moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia: 1.6% in the FC group compared with 6.0% in the SC group (adjusted odds ratio: 0.18 [95% CI: 0.04–0.8]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Providing facilities for parents to stay in the neonatal unit from admission to discharge may reduce the total length of stay for infants born prematurely. The reduced risk of moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia needs additional investigation.