bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speech and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Results following Autologous Fat Transplantation to the Velopharynx in Patients with Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Authors: Filip Charles , Matzen Michael , Aagenses Ingegerd , Aukner Ragnhild , Kjøll Lillian , Høgevold Hans Erik , Åbyholm Frank , Tønseth Kim 
Published: April 2011

Objective To measure velopharyngeal closure with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate speech when treating velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) with autologous fat transplantation to the velopharynx. Patients Nine patients were recruited. Six patients had undergone cleft palate repair and subsequently developed VPI. Three were noncleft patients of which one had developed VPI after nasopharyngeal cancer treatment; another patient had developed VPI after combined adenotonsillectomy, and a third patient had VPI of unknown etiology. Main outcome measure Preoperative and 1-year postoperative MRIs were obtained during vocal rest and during phonation. Data measured were the velopharyngeal distance in the sagittal plane and the velopharyngeal gap area in the axial plane. Preoperative and 1-year postoperative audio recordings were blinded for scoring independently by three senior speech therapists. Results When comparing preoperative and 1-year postoperative MRI during phonation we found a significant reduction of the median velopharyngeal distance from 4 to 0 mm ( p = .011), and a significant reduction of the median velopharyngeal gap area from 42 to 34 mm2 ( p = .038). Nasal turbulence improved significantly ( p = .011). Hypernasality/hyponasality and audible nasal emission did not change significantly. Conclusions Autologous fat transplantation to the velopharynx resulted in a significant reduction of the velopharyngeal distance and the velopharyngeal gap area during phonation, as measured by MRI. This was in accordance with a significant improvement in nasal turbulence. However, hypernasality and audible nasal emission did not change significantly and could not be correlated to the MRI findings.
Vers un islamo-nationalisme
Authors: Gomez Garcia Luz 
Published: April 2011

Au cours du dernier quart du 20ème siècle, l’idéologie islamiste et ses pratiques ont été caractérisées par une progressive trans-territorialisation dont le point culminant furent les attentats du 11 septembre 2001. Néanmoins, dix ans plus tard, il faut analyser le 11 septembre et ses répliques (Madrid, Londres) comme le « chant du cygne » d’une forme d’islamisme globalisé. La vigueur actuelle de l’islamo-nationalisme dans différents contextes régionaux, culturels et politiques montre une inflexion dans la trajectoire ultime de l’islamisme, qui était caractérisé par la perméabilité idéologique et le pragmatisme stratégique. Le Hamas, le Hezbollah et les talibans incarnent le pari islamo-nationaliste sans renoncer à leurs spécificités respectives.
Les relations inter-palestiniennes au temps mort
Authors: Heacock Roger 
Published: April 2011

Le projet régional israélien est aujourd’hui hégémonique sur le plan politique, les priorités et les inquiétudes des régimes arabes le démontrent. Sur le plan militaire par contre, il est menacé par les revers successifs de la dernière décennie. C’est dans ce contexte qu’ont pris fin, après vingt ans de révolte de 1987 à 2007 sous forme d’initiatives contrastées – recours aux manifestations, aux armes et aux urnes – les initiatives autonomes des Palestiniens. Les politiques antagonistes des autorités de Cisjordanie et de Gaza sont à nouveau assujetties à une polarité mondiale qui les dépasse, et dont la société palestinienne transnationale fait les frais, tout comme elle fait les frais des types de gouvernance aliénantes auxquels elle est soumise.
23 ans après sa création... où va le Hamas ?
Authors: Eshnaiwer Raed 
Published: April 2011

23 ans après sa création, contrairement à ce qui est souvent dit, la stratégie du Hamas a beaucoup évolué. La preuve en est qu’il a accepté de se présenter à des élections que, jusque-là, il récusait et a sensiblement infléchi sa position sur la question d’un Etat palestinien. Cependant, les contradictions qui le traversent et l’isolement politique qu’il subit devraient le pousser à faire des choix décisifs sans lesquels il ne pourra sortir de l’impasse où il se trouve aujourd’hui.
A propos du partenariat franco-algérien
Authors: Colin de Verdière Hubert 
Published: April 2011

Monsieur Hubert Colin de Verdière, Ambassadeur de France, a été ambassadeur à Alger de 2000 à 2002 puis de 2004 à 2006. Il connaissait déjà l’Algérie pour y avoir précédemment exercé les fonctions de conseiller auprès de l’ambassade de France à Alger. Cette connaissance approfondie de ce pays et l’intérêt qu’il lui porte, conduisent l’ambassadeur à être souvent sollicité pour faire partager, à des auditoires très divers, son expérience et son regard attentif sur les relations franco-algériennes. Ainsi, le texte ci-dessous reprend et développe les idées présentées lors de trois conférences données tout d’abord en 2009 à Paris et à Marseille, à l’invitation de l’association Euromed-IHEDN, partenaire de la revue, et en juin 2010, lors d’un séminaire consacré à la Méditerranée occidentale au Collège interarmées de Défense à Paris.
Physiologic Control of the Functional Status of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Mellor Andrew L. , Munn David H. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Foxp3-lineage CD4 regulatory T cells (Tregs) were named for their ability to maintain self tolerance and suppress T cell immunity. However, resting Tregs from noninflamed tissues exhibit little suppressor activity, and must be stimulated to acquire such function. Conversely, under certain inflammatory conditions, Tregs may undergo rapid reprogramming to acquire helper/effector functions. In this Brief Review, we describe recent progress in elucidating physiologic processes that control the functional status of Foxp3-lineage Tregs. Emerging evidence suggests the surprising possibility that reprogrammed Tregs can be an indispensable source of helper activity in some physiologic settings, such as priming CD8+ T cell responses. This suggests a novel paradigm in which Foxp3+ Tregs intrinsically possess bifunctional potential, acting as a preformed pool of first-responder cells at sites of local inflammation that can either provide classical regulatory/suppressor activity, or rapidly reprogram to supply helper/effector activity, contingent on signals that manifest in local physiologic settings.
Serum YKL-40 Levels in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yilmaz Ozkan , Kemik Ozgur , Kemik Ahu , Sumer Aziz , Dülger A. Cumhur , Hasirci Ismail , Almali Nejat , Purisa Sevim , Kotan Qetin 
Published: April 2011

Aims and Background YKL-40 is a glycoprotein secreted by macrophages, neutrophils and malignant tumor cells. YKL-40 is expressed and secreted by several types of tumors. The aim of this study examined the clinical usefulness of YKL-40 for detection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods Using ELISA kits, we measured the concentration of YKL-40 in serum from 100 patients with ESCC and compared this concentration with healthy population. Results We found significantly higher serum levels of YKL-40 in patients with ESCC compared to the healthy population ( P < 0.0001). Conclusions These results suggested that regarding serum YKL-40 as a tumor marker could be benefical in the early clinical diagnosis.
Optimization of the Multishift QR Algorithm with Coprocessors for Non-Hermitian Eigenvalue Problems
Authors: Miyata Takafumi , Yamamoto Yusaku , Uneyama Takashi , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Zhang Shao-Liang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe multishift QR algorithm is efficient for computing all the eigenvalues of a dense, large-scale, non-Hermitian matrix. The major part of this algorithm can be performed by matrix-matrix multiplications and is therefore suitable for modern processors with hierarchical memory. A variant of this algorithm was recently proposed which can execute more computational parts by matrix-matrix multiplications. The algorithm is especially appropriate for recent coprocessors which contain many processor-elements such as the CSX600. However, the performance of the algorithm highly depends on the setting of parameters such as the numbers of shifts and divisions in the algorithm. Optimal settings are different depending on the matrix size and computational environments. In this paper, we construct a performance model to predict a setting of parameters which minimizes the execution time of the algorithm. Experimental results with the CSX600 coprocessor show that our model can be used to find the optimal setting.
Impacted Autograft and Cementless Components in Acetabular Revision: A Retrospective Series
Authors: Lai Zhen , Shi Shi-Yuan , Fei Jun , Wei Wei 
Published: April 2011

Objective A retrospective review of the short- to medium-term results of acetabular revision using impacted autograft combined with cementless acetabular components is reported. Methods; Twenty-five cases with aseptic acetabular loosening and associated bone defects were revised using impacted autograft and a cementless acetabular component. Results Twenty-five patients were followed for a minimum of 4 years. Mean follow-up was 5.5years (range 4.0–8.0 years). Radiographs showed that good incorporation of autograft occurred in all cases. Mean Harris hip score improved from 36.0 points (range 20.0 to 50.0) pre-operatively to 85.7 points (range 50.0 to 91.0) at latest follow-up. Outcome was Excellent in 8 cases, Good in 13 cases and Fair in 4 cases. No cases required further revision. Conclusion The use of impacted autograft in combination with cementless components for acetabular revision can achieve good short- to medium-term result in patients with acetabular bone deficiency.
Homopolynuclear TlI and Heteropolynuclear AuI–TlI Complexes with Organodiselone Ligands: Activation of Luminescence by Intermetallic Interactions
Authors: Arca Massimiliano , Aroz Teresa , Concepción Gimeno M. , Kulcsar Monika , Laguna Antonio , Lasanta Tania , Lippolis Vito , López‐de‐Luzuriaga José M. , Monge Miguel , Olmos M. Elena 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe organodiselone ligands 1,1‐bis(3‐methyl‐4‐imidazolin‐2‐selone)methane (L1) and 1,2‐bis(3‐methyl‐4‐imidazolin‐2‐selone)ethane (L2) have been used for the synthesis of homopolynuclear TlI [{Tl(L)}PF6]n·(mMeCN)n [L = L1, m = 1 (1); L = L2, m = 0 (2)] and discrete heteropolynuclear [Tl{Au(C6Cl5)2}(L)] [L = L1 (3), L2 (4)] complexes. The crystal structures of complexes 1 and 3 have been determined through X‐ray diffraction studies. Complex 1 consists of alternating thallium(I) centres and bidentate Se‐donor ligands that result in polymeric chains. The crystal structure of 3 is formed by [Tl(L1)]+ cations and [Au(C6Cl5)2]– anions joined together by an unsupported Au···Tl interaction. Compounds 3 and 4 are luminescent in the solid state at room temperature and at 77 K with lifetimes in the nanosecond range. DFT and time‐dependent (TD)‐DFT calculations have been carried out on different model systems including the free ligand L1, a representative model of complex 1 and a model system of complex 3. The character of the frontier molecular orbitals and the TD‐DFT prediction of the absorption spectra are used to explain the origin of the luminescence of complexes 3 and 4 as an admixture of metal–metal (Au–Tl)‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MMLCT) and intraligand (IL) transitions as observed experimentally.
Replacing fossil oil with fresh oil – with what and for what?
Authors: Carlsson Anders S. , Yilmaz Jenny Lindberg , Green Allan G. , Stymne Sten , Hofvander Per 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIndustrial chemicals and materials are currently derived mainly from fossil‐based raw materials, which are declining in availability, increasing in price and are a major source of undesirable greenhouse gas emissions. Plant oils have the potential to provide functionally equivalent, renewable and environmentally friendly replacements for these finite fossil‐based raw materials, provided that their composition can be matched to end‐use requirements, and that they can be produced on sufficient scale to meet current and growing industrial demands. Replacement of 40% of the fossil oil used in the chemical industry with renewable plant oils, whilst ensuring that growing demand for food oils is also met, will require a trebling of global plant oil production from current levels of around 139 MT to over 400 MT annually. Realisation of this potential will rely on application of plant biotechnology to (i) tailor plant oils to have high purity (preferably >90%) of single desirable fatty acids, (ii) introduce unusual fatty acids that have specialty end‐use functionalities and (iii) increase plant oil production capacity by increased oil content in current oil crops, and conversion of other high biomass crops into oil accumulating crops. This review outlines recent progress and future challenges in each of these areas.Practical applications: The research reviewed in this paper aims to develop metabolic engineering technologies to radically increase the yield and alter the fatty acid composition of plant oils and enable the development of new and more productive oil crops that can serve as renewable sources of industrial feedstocks currently provided by non‐renewable and polluting fossil‐based resources. As a result of recent and anticipated research developments we can expect to see significant enhancements in quality and productivity of oil crops over the coming decades. This should generate the technologies needed to support increasing plant oil production into the future, hopefully of sufficient magnitude to provide a major supply of renewable plant oils for the industrial economy without encroaching on the higher priority demand for food oils. Achievement of this goal will make a significant contribution to moving to a sustainable carbon‐neutral industrial society with lower emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and reduced environmental impact as a result.
New animal models of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Dehay Benjamin , Bezard Erwan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground:Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder mainly characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra pars compacta and the presence, in the affected brain regions, of protein inclusions named Lewy Bodies. Despite the fact that numerous mutations causing hereditary forms of Parkinson's disease have been identified in the last decade, current transgenic animal models do not adequately reproduce cardinal features of the human disease. Altogether, the animal models derived of human mutations indicate that the nigrostriatal degenerative process results from the combination of several mechanisms that implicate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and protein degradation impairment.Methods and Results:We performed a literature search between 2008 and 2010.Discussion:The absence of adequate in vivo experimental models of Parkinson's disease has severe repercussions for therapeutic intervention success for this incurable neurodegenerative disorder. The present nonexhaustive review looks at invertebrate and mammalian models of Parkinson's disease generated in the last three years. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Discontinuous Galerkin method based on peridynamic theory for linear elasticity
Authors: Aksoy H. G. , Şenocak E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractModeling of discontinuities (shock waves, crack surfaces, etc.) in solid mechanics is one of the major research areas in modeling the mechanical behavior of materials. Among the numerical methods, the discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM) poses some advantages in solving these problems. In this study, a novel formulation for DGM is derived for elastostatics based on the peridynamic theory. Derivation of the proposed formulation is presented. Numerical analyses are performed for different problems, and the numerical results are compared to that of the known exact solutions of the problems. The proposed weak formulation is stable and coercive. Peridynamic discontinuous Galerkin formulation is found to be robust and successful in modeling elastostatic problems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integral partitioning approach to robust stabilization for uncertain distributed time‐delay systems
Authors: Feng Zhiguang , Lam James 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, the problems of robust delay‐dependent stability analysis and stabilization are investigated for distributed delay systems with linear fractional uncertainties. By introducing an integral partitioning technique, a new form of Lyapunov functional is constructed and improved distributed delay‐dependent stability conditions are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Based on the criterion, a design algorithm for a state‐feedback controller is proposed. Following similar lines, we extend these results to uncertain distributed delay systems. The results developed in this paper can tolerate larger allowable delay than existing ones in the literature, which is illustrated by several examples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verlust des Sensibilitäts- und Schmerzempfindens
Authors: Kurth I. 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die Weiterleitung von Informationen des Körpers über Berührung, Druck, Dehnung, Scherung, Hitze oder Kälte erfolgt durch sensorische Nervenzellen. Bei überschwelliger Reizstärke resultiert ein akuter Schmerz als Warnsignal für den Organismus. Eine Degeneration von Nervenzellen, die an der Signalvermittlung beteiligt sind, ist das wesentliche Kennzeichen der hereditären sensorischen und autonomen Neuropathien (HSAN) und zeigt die zentrale Bedeutung des sensorischen Nervensystems für die Protektion des Körpers. Der Sensibilitätsverlust bei HSAN-Patienten führt zum Auftreten von Ulzerationen an Händen und Füßen sowie lokalen Knochentzündungen und erfordert im fortgeschrittenen Krankheitsverlauf Amputationen. Bei einigen Formen der Erkrankung ist der Sensibilitätsverlust bereits angeboren, was bei betroffenen Kindern zu Selbstverstümmelungen führt. Eine Degeneration autonomer sowie motorischer Nervenfasern kann den Krankheitsverlauf begleiten. Die HSAN wird aufgrund ihrer klinischen Verlaufsformen in 5 Gruppen unterteilt. Bislang sind Mutationen in 9 Genen als ursächlich beschrieben worden. Dieser Übersichtsartikel soll Einblicke in die Klinik, Genetik und Pathophysiologie dieser Erkrankungen geben.
Locating the Global South: Faulkner and Wright in Postwar Asia
Authors: Stecopoulos Harilaos 
Published: April 2011

Of all the disturbing scenes to appear inThe Ugly American(1958), William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick's fictional account of U.S. foreign policy in Asia, none is more unnerving than the depiction of two French Foreign Legionnaires — one African American, one Vietnamese — returning from an ill-fated attempt to scout the Communist Vietnamese position:Davis was leading Apache. From fifty yards they could see that there was a gout of blood on Davis's cheek. At twenty-five yards they could see the mangled remains of his left eye, hanging in a cluster of tiny glistening cords and muscles…. “They caught us, Major,” Davis said. “There has to be a first time for everything and this time they caught us.” …Davis reached over and pulled Apache's hand away from his throat. Squarely in the center of his throat there was a twisted hole. Far back in the hole the muscles and cords of his neck glistened. (130–31)The anti-Communist bonding of the African-American Davis and the Vietnamese “Apache” — the only such interracial union depicted inThe Ugly American— ends with the physical mutilation and symbolic castration of each man, one denuded of his voice, the other of his eye. In part, the horrific results of Apache and Davis's capture reveal the Communists' brutal refusal to allow locals to ally themselves with foreigners of any color. As Davis puts it, “They left my right eye so that we could find our way back and show ourselves as a lesson to others” (131).
Popeye and the American Dream
Authors: Gowans Alan 
Published: April 2011

It was alfred frankenstein, I believe, who first observed that the characteristic subjects of painters like William Sidney Mount and George Caleb Bingham were visual counterparts of that “American Adam in Eden” theme, which many historians of literature had identified as “the central myth in the American novel since 1830”. Man unspoiled, in a new relationship to nature, is their common concern. As David W. Noble has written in The Eternal Adam and the New World Garden:The American novelist then, beginning with James Fenimore Cooper, cannot write within the traditional conventions of his European contemporaries. He is precluded by his nation's romantic self-image from being an analyst of social and individual comedy or tragedy. Our novelist must be a metaphysician and theologian. He must always begin with the question: is it possible that Americans are exempt from the human condition? Is it possible that men in the new world have escaped from the need to live within community, within a framework of institutions and traditions—have escaped even from the need to live within a mortal body, or a soul that is divided against itself? Can nature indeed redeem man, heal his spiritual division, and lift him above the constraints of social class?
Naming the West and Making a Name: The Reputations of Bierstadt and Twain
Authors: Mitchell Lee Clark 
Published: April 2011

In the mid-1860s, with the nation immured in a devastating Civil War, two artists emerged as the premier representatives of America's Far West. Albert Bierstadt (1830–1902) and Mark Twain (1835–1910) captured the nation's imagination with images that challenged ideas about the West as well as about art itself. In little more than a decade, however, Bierstadt's paintings were being ignored while Twain's name began to acquire something of its present canonical status. Unremarkable as this divergence in reputations may seem today (when “fifteen minutes of fame” has been promised to every one of us), a century ago Warhol's prediction would have been inconceivable. That in itself makes the receptions first accorded Bierstadt and Twain as interesting as the dramatic divergence later taken in their careers. What was it, one might well ask, that so appealed to contemporaries, and why should Bierstadt's success so quickly have palled while Twain's only continued to grow?The question encourages us to transgress the boundaries that separate painting from writing, to shift attention from a given medium onto the larger process by which popularity is won. One of the questions that then emerges is whether artists acclaimed in different media make similar demands upon their audience. Do a certain set of common standards, that is, shape an artist's reception, much as they more self-consciously dictate assessments that scholars will make later on? Or is it simply a matter of being in the right artistic place at the right cultural time? Certainly, the receptions accorded Bierstadt and Twain suggest that the former is true -indeed, that in their case a forceful aesthetic logic was at work.