bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac toxicity associated with anthracycline‐containing chemotherapy in older women with breast cancer
Authors: Du Xianglin L. , Xia Rui , Liu Chih‐Chin , Cormier Janice N. , Xing Yan , Hardy Dale , Chan Wenyaw , Burau Keith 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of chemotherapy‐associated cardiac toxicity, including cardiac dysrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and conduction disorders among breast cancer patients with up to 16 years of follow‐up.METHODS:The authors studied 19,478 women aged >65 diagnosed with breast cancer in 1991‐1997 from 16 regions in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Incidence density and cumulative incidence of cardiac toxicities were calculated, and the time‐to‐event (cardiac toxicity) analysis was conducted by using the Cox hazard regression model.RESULTS:The excess cumulative incidence of congestive heart failure in Year 10 among patients receiving anthracycline‐containing chemotherapy compared with patients without chemotherapy was 4.7% (31.9% vs 27.2%). After adjusting for patient and tumor characteristics, patients receiving anthracyclines were 25% more likely to have congestive heart failure compared with those without chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07‐1.46). Those receiving other agents did not have a significantly elevated risk of developing congestive heart failure. The adjusted risk of cardiomyopathy was 2‐fold higher in women who received anthracyclines (HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.44‐2.62) and was 16% higher in those receiving other agents (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.97‐1.39) compared with those without chemotherapy. The increased risk for developing congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac dysrhythmias in association with chemotherapy were similar after adjusting for hypertension and diabetes. The risk of ischemic heart disease and conduction disorders were not significantly different among the 3 groups.CONCLUSIONS:Anthracycline‐containing chemotherapy regimens were associated with an increased risk of congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac dysrhythmias, but not significantly associated with ischemic heart disease or conduction disorders. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Components of the neural circuitry of the vaginocavernosus reflex in rabbits
Authors: Cruz Yolanda , Rodríguez‐Antolín Jorge , Nicolás Leticia , Martínez‐Gómez Margarita , Lucio Rosa Angélica 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn mammals the mechanisms underlying female sexual and reproductive biology are poorly understood. Little attention has been paid to striated muscles and their neural regulation. The aim of the present study was to describe the components of the vaginocavernosus reflex in adult rabbits. It was found that mechanical stimulation of the glans of the clitoris and the perineal vagina induced electromyographic (EMG) responses in bulbocavernosus (Bcm) and ischiocavernosus (Icm) muscles. Unilateral and bilateral nerve transection indicated that the clitoral nerve is the main afferent path of the reflex and that it recruits ipsilateral and contralateral perineal motoneurons. Injection of horseradish peroxides‐wheat germ agglutinin (HRP‐WGA) into the Bcm and Icm labeled spinal motoneurons scattered in L7 and S1 segments. According to the results of this study and previous work, the elements of the vaginocavernosus reflex may be described as follows. Mechanical receptors are located in the glans clitoris and in the wall of the perineal vagina. The main afferent pathway is the clitoral nerve. It activates ipsilateral and contralateral Bcm and Icm motoneurons in lumbosacral segments. Axons of efferent neurons travel through the clitoral and ischiocavernosus nerves, and the effectors are the Bcm and Icm perineal muscles. Identification of neural components of the vaginocavernosus reflex in rabbits will allow the use of this animal as a model to assess the physiological characteristics of the perineal motoneurons as well as the contribution of the Bcm and Icm in female urogenital functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:199–210, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relativistic Scott correction for atoms and molecules
Authors: Solovej Jan Philip , Østergaard Sørensen Thomas , Spitzer Wolfgang Ludwig 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe prove the first correction to the leading Thomas‐Fermi energy for the ground state energy of atoms and molecules in a model where the kinetic energy of the electrons is treated relativistically. The leading Thomas‐Fermi energy, established in [25], as well as the correction given here, are of semiclassical nature. Our result on atoms and molecules is proved from a general semiclassical estimate for relativistic operators with potentials with Coulomb‐like singularities. This semiclassical estimate is obtained using the coherent state calculus introduced in [36]. The paper contains a unified treatment of the relativistic as well as the nonrelativistic case. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inherent Photon Energy Recycling Effects in the Up‐Converted Delayed Luminescence Dynamics of Poly(fluorene)–PtIIoctaethyl Porphyrin Blends
Authors: Keivanidis P. E. , Baluschev S. , Lieser G. , Wegner G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe present results of steady‐state and transient photoluminescence studies of molecularly doped poly(fluorene) films. We study blends with increasing content of the triplet emitter (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18‐octaethyl‐porphyrinato)PtII(PtOEP) when dispersed in the polymeric poly(fluorene) matrix of the poly[9,9‐di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐fluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl] (PF26) derivative. We carry out a unified study of the photophysical reactions that are involved in the energy transfer processes in this system by probing the three luminescence processes of a) PF26 fluorescence, b) triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) induced up‐converted PF26 delayed fluorescence and c) PtOEP phosphorescence. With increasing PtOEP content, the process of photon energy recycling in the PF26:PtOEP system is manifested from the quenching of the TTA‐induced up‐converted PF26 delayed fluorescence and it is rationalized with the use of Forster theory of resonant energy transfer. Based on the combined results of the photophysical and the transmission electron microscopy characterization of the as‐spun PF26:PtOEP films, we determine the onset of PtOEP aggregation at 2–3 wt % PtOEP content. The analysis of the photophysical data is based on the use of modified Stern–Volmer photokinetic models that are appropriate for the solid state. A static component in the PL quenching of PF26 is revealed for PtOEP contents below 2 wt %. The modified Stern–Volmer kinetic scheme further suggests that co‐aggregation effects between PF26 and PtOEP are operative with an association constant of ground state complex formationkbind∼15–17 M−1. The involvement of the ground state heterospecies in the TTA‐mediated PF26 up‐converted luminescence is discussed. The participation of an electron‐exchange step, in the excited state energy transfer pathway between PtOEP and PF26, is proposed for the activation mechanism of the PF26 up‐converted fluorescence.
Contribution of the neural cell recognition molecule NB‐3 to synapse formation between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells in mouse
Authors: Sakurai Kunie , Toyoshima Manabu , Ueda Hidehiro , Matsubara Kota , Takeda Yasuo , Karagogeos Domna , Shimoda Yasushi , Watanabe Kazutada 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe neural cell recognition molecule NB‐3, also referred to as contactin‐6, is expressed prominently in the developing nervous system after birth and its deficiency has been shown to cause impairment in motor coordination. Here, we investigated the contribution of NB‐3 to cerebellar development, focusing on lobule 3 where NB‐3 was expressed in granule cells but not in Purkinje cells. In the developing molecular layer, the neural cell recognition molecules TAG‐1, L1, and NB‐3 formed distinct expression zones from the external granule cell layer to the internal granule cell layer (IGL), respectively. The NB‐3‐immunoreactive zone did not overlap with TAG‐1‐immunoreactive zone. By contrast, the L1‐immunoreactive zone overlapped with both the TAG‐1‐ and NB‐3‐immunoreactive zones. NB‐3‐positive puncta overlapped with vesicular glutamate transporter 1, a presynaptic marker and were apposed close to metabotropic glutamate receptor 1A, a postsynaptic marker, indicating that NB‐3 is localized presynaptically at glutamatergic synapses between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells. In NB‐3 knockout mice, L1 immunoreactive signals were increased in the IGL at postnatal day (P) 5, suggesting the increase in the number of immature granule cells of the IGL. In addition, the density of parallel fiber synaptic terminals was reduced in NB‐3 knockout mice relative to wild‐type mice at P5 to P10. In parallel with these findings, caspase‐dependent cell death was significantly increased in the NB‐ 3‐deficient cerebellum at P15. Collectively, our results indicate that NB‐3 deficiency affects synapse formation during postnatal cerebellar development. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009
Generation of an OMgp allelic series in mice
Authors: Lee Jae K. , Case Lauren C. , Chan Andrea F. , Zhu Yuhong , Tessier‐Lavigne Marc , Zheng Binhai 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe very limited ability to regenerate axons after injury in the mature mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has been partly attributed to the growth restrictive nature of CNS myelin. Oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (OMgp) was identified as a major myelin‐derived inhibitor of axon growth. However, its role in axon regeneration in vivo is poorly understood. Here we describe the generation and molecular characterization of an OMgp allelic series. With a single gene targeting event and Cre/FLP mediated recombination, we generated an OMgp null allele with a LacZ reporter, one without a reporter gene, and an OMgp conditional allele. This allelic series will aid in the study of OMgp in adult CNS axon regeneration using mouse models of spinal cord injury. The conditional allele will overcome developmental compensation when employed with an inducible Cre, and allows for the study of temporal and tissue/cell type‐specific roles of OMgp in CNS injury‐induced axonal plasticity. genesis 47:751–756, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Remodeling rodent models to mimic human type 1 diabetes
Authors: von Herrath Matthias , Nepom Gerald T. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) occurs when the immune system attacks the insulin‐producing beta cells located in the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas. Animal models have played a prominent role in developing an understanding of this disease process, through studies of genetic susceptibility, progression of hyperglycemia, and novel approaches to therapy. Here, we critically evaluate the currently available diabetic animal models and their propensity to match and predict disease outcomes in man as well as propose new in vitro and in vivo systems that may facilitate progress in the T1D field.
Mouse models of intestinal inflammation as tools to understand the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Uhlig Holm H. , Powrie Fiona 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMouse models of intestinal inflammation resemble aspects of inflammatory bowel disease in humans. These models have provided important insights into mechanisms that control intestinal homeostasis and regulation of intestinal inflammation. This viewpoint discusses themes that have emerged from mouse models of intestinal inflammation including bacterial recognition, autophagy, the IL‐23/Th‐17 axis of inflammation as well as the role of negative regulators. Many of the pathways highlighted by model systems have been identified in recent genome‐wide association studies in human validating the relevance of mouse models to human inflammatory bowel disease. Understanding of the complex biological mechanisms that lead to intestinal inflammation in mouse models may help to define targets for treatment of human diseases.
Heterogeneity of CD4+ memory T cells: Functional modules for tailored immunity
Authors: Sallusto Federica , Lanzavecchia Antonio 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPhenotypic and functional heterogeneity is the hallmark of effector and memory T cells. Upon antigenic stimulation, naïve CD4+ T cells make choices to become effector Th1, Th2 or Th17 cells, or even Treg. In addition to differences in cytokine repertoire, effector CD4+ T cells exhibit diversity in homing, such as migration to lymph node follicles to help B cells versus migration to inflamed tissues. Upon clearance of the antigen, two major types of memory T cells remain: central memory cells, which patrol lymphoid organs, and effector memory cells that act as sentinels in peripheral tissues such as the skin and the gut. Here, we review our current understanding of CD4+ T‐cell lineage heterogeneity and flexibility, with emphasis on the human system, and propose an organization of effector and memory T cells based on distinct functional modules.
Animal models in infection and inflammation – chance and necessity
Authors: Radbruch Andreas , Isaacs John 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn biomedical research, to understand pathogenesis and test innovative therapeutic strategies, animal models of human disease are a bare necessity. We cannot do without them, but could we do better with them? In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology a series of Viewpoints discusses the pros and cons of currently available animal models that address the clinical challenges of immunology in infection and inflammatory diseases.
The volatile constituents of frankincense – a review
Authors: Mertens Michaela , Buettner Andrea , Kirchhoff Eva 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe smell of frankincense resin and powder, as well as burned frankincense, has been linked to a series of health effects since ancient times. Additionally, frankincense and its fumes are used as a means to induce positive psychophysical effects and well‐being, not only in an ecclesiastical setting but also in traditional medical applications. This review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge of the volatile constituents of frankincense, with explicit consideration concerning the diverse Boswellia varieties. Altogether, more than 300 volatiles in frankincense have been reported in the literature. In particular, a broad diversity has been found in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatiles with respect to different varieties of Boswellia. A detailed discussion of the various analytical approaches applied to isolating and analysing the volatile fractions of frankincense is also presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase Cδ activation induces close homolog of adhesion molecule L1 (CHL1) expression in cultured astrocytes
Authors: Wu Junfang , Wrathall Jean R. , Schachner Melitta 
Published: August 2009

AbstractUpregulation of expression of the close homolog of adhesion molecule L1 (CHL1) by reactive astrocytes in the glial scar reduces axonal regeneration and inhibits functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying upregulation of CHL1 expression by analyzing the signal transduction pathways in vitro. We show that astrogliosis stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulates CHL1 expression in primary cultures of mouse cerebral astrocytes, coinciding with elevated protein synthesis and translocation of protein kinase δ (PKCδ) from cytosol to the membrane fraction. Blocking PKCδ activity pharmacologically and genetically attenuates LPS‐induced elevation of CHL1 protein expression through a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) dependent pathway. LPS induces extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK1/2) phosphorylation through PKCδ and blockade of ERK1/2 activation abolishes upregulation of CHL1 expression. LPS‐triggered upregulation of CHL1 expression mediated through translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) to the nucleus is blocked by a specific NF‐κB inhibitor and by inhibition of PI3K, PKCδ, and ERK1/2 activities, implicating NF‐κB as a downstream target for upregulation of CHL1 expression. Furthermore, the LPS‐mediated upregulation of CHL1 expression by reactive astrocytes is inhibitory for hippocampal neurite outgrowth in cocultures. Although the LPS‐triggered NO‐guanylate cyclase‐cGMP pathway upregulates glial fibrillary acid protein expression in cultured astrocytes, we did not observe this pathway to mediate LPS‐induced upregulation of CHL1 expression. Our results indicate that elevated CHL1 expression by reactive astrocytes requires activation of PI3K/PKCδ‐dependent pathways and suggest that reduction of PI3K/PKCδ activity represents a therapeutic target to downregulate CHL1 expression and thus benefit axonal regeneration after SCI. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extent of neck dissection required after concurrent chemoradiation for stage IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cannady Steven B. , Lee Walter T. , Scharpf Joseph , Lorenz Robert R. , Wood Benjamin G. , Strome Marshall , Lavertu Pierre , Esclamado Ramon M. , Saxton Jerrold P. , Adelstein David J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe management of initially bulky nodal disease after primary nonsurgical treatment for stage IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) continues to be a subject of debate.MethodsA retrospective chart review of neck management in patients after chemoradiation was performed.ResultsOf the initially positive necks analyzed, 210/329 (65%) had a complete clinical response to treatment and 161 necks underwent neck surgery. Patients were pathologically positive 13.8% and 39.6% of the time after clinical complete or partial response, respectively. Regional recurrence was more frequent in necks with partial clinical (p = .04) or pathologic responses (p < .01) and with primary site recurrences (p < .01).ConclusionsIt is still safest at our institution to perform selective neck dissection on patients with ≥N2 neck disease when initially observed to prevent unsalvageable regional recurrence until more accurate interval assessment tools are confirmed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Correlation between lymphatic vessel density and regional metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Chung Man Ki , Min Jin‐Young , So Yoon Kyoung , Ko Young‐Hyeh , Jeong Han‐Sin , Son Young‐Ik , Baek Chung‐Hwan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground.The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between lymphatic vessel density in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and regional metastasis.Methods.Intratumoral and peritumoral lymphatic densities (ILDs and PLDs, respectively) were determined by immunohistochemical staining of lymphatic endothelial cells with podoplanin in 62 patients surgically treated for tongue cancer. Clinicopathological variables were quantified, and their correlations with regional metastasis were assessed.Results.The rate of regional metastasis was significantly higher in patients with high ILD than that in those with low ILD (21/33, 63.6% vs 8/29, 27.5%; p = .006). Perineural invasion and lymphovascular invasion were also significantly correlated with regional metastasis. By multivariate analyses, ILD was the only variable identified to be significantly correlated with regional metastasis (p = .009). On the other hand, PLD showed no correlation with regional metastasis.Conclusions.ILD showed a strong correlation with regional metastasis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Squamous cell carcinoma of base of tongue in a patient with Fanconi's anemia treated with radiation therapy: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Budrukkar Ashwini , Shahid Tanweer , Murthy Vedang , Hussain Tabish , Mulherkar Rita , Vundinti Babu Rao , Deshpande Mandar , Sengar Manju , Laskar Sarbani Ghosh , Agarwal Jai Prakash 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground.Fanconi's anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by congenital anomalies, progressive aplastic anemia, and a predisposition for malignancies. Solid tumors in the head and neck region, especially in the tongue, are rarely observed. Management of these patients is a challenge because of hematological complications and increased toxicities.Methods.We report a case of Fanconi's anemia in a 27‐year‐old man with carcinoma of the base of tongue (T2N0M0) who was treated with radical radiation therapy to a dose of 70 Gy/35 fractions/51 days. We have also done in vitro radiosensitivity tests.Results.The patient tolerated the radiation treatment well and completed it without any interruptions. In vitro studies did not show any increased radiosensitivity in this patient.Conclusion.Head and neck cancer in a patient with FA requires individualized treatment. The decision about opting for different modalities should be based on a balanced approach with respect to locoregional control and toxicities of the treatment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Cervical hemorrhage due to spontaneous rupture of the superior thyroid artery: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Stenner Markus , Helmstaedter Victor , Spuentrup Elmar , Quante Gero , Huettenbrink Karl‐Bernd 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundBeneath the different reasons for cervical masses, a spontaneous hemorrhage presents a rare and life‐threatening condition.Methods and ResultsWe present the rare case of a 62‐year‐old man who was presented with a dramatically enlarging cervical mass causing respiratory distress because of upper airway compression. An endotracheal intubation was lifesaving and avoided tracheotomy. A CT scan revealed a hematoma in the region of the left external carotid artery. An emergency angiography embolized a ruptured branch of the superior thyroid artery and surgery evacuated the hematoma. We discuss the rarity of the condition, reasons for a spontaneous rupture of the artery, and the diagnostic and treatment strategy. In addition, we review the literature on spontaneous thyroid artery hemorrhages, which, up to now, have been described only for the inferior thyroid artery.ConclusionWe conclude that the optimal management for cases of cervical hematoma is intubation, diagnosis, and angiography before surgery. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Postsurgery serum thyroglobulin disappearance kinetic in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Giovanella Luca , Ceriani Luca , Maffioli Marco 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundKnowing the postsurgery thyroglobulin (Tg) kinetic would enable its rationale for use in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Heterogeneous results were previously reported, then we aimed to evaluate the postsurgery Tg kinetic in a large group of patients with DTC.MethodsEnrolled were 96 patients with DTC. Serum Tg was measured first at 5 minutes, then at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after thyroidectomy. The Tg half‐life (Tg[t1/2]) was estimated in a 1‐compartment model. A simplified 2‐point formula (24 and 120 hours) was also used.ResultsThe mean Tg(t1/2) was 28.53 to 30.22 hours in 1‐compartment model and 27.39 hours when estimated by a simplified formula. A strong inter‐methods relationship was found (p < .001).ConclusionsA reliable Tg(t1/2) estimation could be obtained by a simplified formula requiring only 2 postsurgery Tg measurements (24 and 120 hours, respectively). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010