bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical control of focal epilepsy in vivo with caged γ‐aminobutyric acid
Authors: Yang Xiaofeng , Rode Daniel L. , Peterka Darcy S. , Yuste Rafael , Rothman Steven M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective:There is enormous clinical potential in exploiting the spatial and temporal resolution of optical techniques to modulate pathophysiological neuronal activity, especially intractable focal epilepsy. We have recently utilized a new ruthenium‐based caged compound, ruthenium‐bipyridine‐triphenylphosphine–γ‐aminobutyric acid (RuBi‐GABA), which releases GABA when exposed to blue light, to rapidly terminate paroxysmal activity in vitro and in vivo.Methods:The convulsant 4‐aminopyridine was used to induce interictal activity and seizures in rat neocortical slices and anesthetized rats. We examined the effect of blue light, generated by a small, light‐emitting diode (LED), on the frequency and duration of ictal activity in the presence and absence of RuBi‐GABA.Results:Neither blue light alone, nor low concentrations of RuBi‐GABA, affected interictal activity or baseline electrical activity in neocortical slices. However, brief, blue illumination of RuBi‐GABA, using our LED, dramatically reduced extracellular spikes and bursts. More impressively, illumination of locally applied RuBi‐GABA rapidly terminated in vivo seizures induced by topical application of 4‐aminopyridine. The RuBi‐GABA effect was blocked by the GABAA antagonist picrotoxin, but not duplicated by direct application of GABA.Interpretation:This is the first example of optical control of in vivo epilepsy, proving that there is sufficient cortical light penetration from an LED and diffusion of caged GABA to quickly terminate intense focal seizures. We are aware that many obstacles need to be overcome before this technique can be translated to patients, but at the moment, this represents a feasible method for harnessing optical techniques to fabricate an implantable device for the therapy of neocortical epilepsy. ANN NEUROL 2012;71:68–75
Anti‐John Cunnigham virus antibody prevalence in multiple sclerosis patients: Baseline results of STRATIFY‐1
Authors: Bozic Carmen , Richman Sandra , Plavina Tatiana , Natarajan Amy , Scanlon James V. , Subramanyam Meena , Sandrock Alfred , Bloomgren Gary 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective:A study was undertaken to define the prevalence of anti‐JC virus (JCV) antibodies in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and to evaluate the analytical false‐negative rate of a 2‐step anti‐JC virus antibody assay.Methods:STRATIFY‐1 is an ongoing, longitudinal, observational study of relapsing MS patients in the United States who are being treated or considering treatment with natalizumab. Baseline serum and plasma samples were collected for anti‐JC virus antibody detection using an analytically validated, 2‐step, virus‐like particle‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Urine was collected for JC virus DNA detection.Results:At baseline (n = 1,096), overall anti‐JC virus antibody prevalence was 56.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 53.0‐59.0) in STRATIFY‐1 patients, with an assay false‐negative rate of 2.7% (95% CI, 0.9–6.2). Prevalence was significantly lower in females (53.4%; 95% CI, 49.9–56.8) than males (64.3%; 95% CI, 58.2–70.0) and increased with age, p = 0.0019 and p = 0.0001, respectively. Prevalence was similar in patients regardless of natalizumab exposure or prior immunosuppressant use, p = 0.9709 and p = 0.6632, respectively. STRATIFY‐1 results were generally consistent with those observed in another large North American cohort, TYGRIS‐US (n = 1,480).Interpretation:Baseline results from STRATIFY‐1 are consistent with other studies utilizing this assay that demonstrate a 50 to 60% prevalence of anti‐JC virus antibodies, a low false‐negative rate, and an association of increasing age and male gender with increasing anti‐JC virus antibody prevalence. Neither natalizumab exposure nor prior immunosuppressant use appear to affect prevalence. Longitudinal data from STRATIFY‐1 will confirm the stability of anti‐JC virus antibody prevalence over time. ANN NEUROL 2011
Genome‐wide meta‐analysis identifies novel multiple sclerosis susceptibility loci
Authors: Patsopoulos Nikolaos A. ,   the Bayer Pharma MS Genetics Working Group, the Steering Committees of Studies Evaluating IFNβ‐1b and a CCR1‐Antagonist, ANZgene Consortium, GeneMSA, International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium, de Bakker Paul I. W. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective:To perform a 1‐stage meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility and to explore functional consequences of new susceptibility loci.Methods:We synthesized 7 MS GWAS. Each data set was imputed using HapMap phase II, and a per single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) meta‐analysis was performed across the 7 data sets. We explored RNA expression data using a quantitative trait analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 228 subjects with demyelinating disease.Results:We meta‐analyzed 2,529,394 unique SNPs in 5,545 cases and 12,153 controls. We identified 3 novel susceptibility alleles: rs170934T at 3p24.1 (odds ratio [OR], 1.17; p = 1.6 × 10−8) near EOMES, rs2150702G in the second intron of MLANA on chromosome 9p24.1 (OR, 1.16; p = 3.3 × 10−8), and rs6718520A in an intergenic region on chromosome 2p21, with THADA as the nearest flanking gene (OR, 1.17; p = 3.4 × 10−8). The 3 new loci do not have a strong cis effect on RNA expression in PBMCs. Ten other susceptibility loci had a suggestive p < 1 × 10−6, some of these loci have evidence of association in other inflammatory diseases (ie, IL12B, TAGAP, PLEK, and ZMIZ1).Interpretation:We have performed a meta‐analysis of GWAS in MS that more than doubles the size of previous gene discovery efforts and highlights 3 novel MS susceptibility loci. These and additional loci with suggestive evidence of association are excellent candidates for further investigations to refine and validate their role in the genetic architecture of MS. ANN NEUROL 2011;70:897–912
Reliable and Efficient Procedures for the Conjugation of Biomolecules through Huisgen Azide–Alkyne Cycloadditions
Authors: Lallana Enrique , Riguera Ricardo , Fernandez‐Megia Eduardo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe CuI‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) has been established as a powerful coupling technology for the conjugation of proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides. Nevertheless, several shortcomings related to the presence of Cu, mainly oxidative degradation by reactive oxygen species and sample contamination by Cu, have been pointed out. This Minireview discusses key aspects found in the development of the efficient and benign functionalization of biomacromolecules through CuAAC, as well as the Cu‐free strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC).
Two advanced styrene‐butadiene/polybutadiene rubber blends filled with a silanized silica nanofiller for potential use in passenger car tire tread compound
Authors: Saeed Farhan , Ansarifar Ali , Ellis Robert J. , Haile‐Meskel Yared , Irfan M. Shafiq 
Published: August 2011

AbstractStyrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) and polybutadiene rubber (BR) were mixed together (75:25 by mass) to produce two SBR/BR blends. The blends were reinforced with a precipitated amorphous white silica nanofiller the surfaces of which were pretreated with bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl)‐tetrasulfide (TESPT). TESPT is a sulfur‐bearing bifunctional organosilane that chemically bonds silica to rubber. The rubbers were primarily cured by using sulfur in TESPT and the cure was optimized by adding non‐sulfur donor and sulfur donor accelerators and zinc oxide. The hardness, Young's modulus, modulus at different strain amplitudes, tensile strength, elongation at break, stored energy density at break, tear strength, cyclic fatigue life, heat build‐up, abrasion resistance, glass transition temperature, bound rubber and tan δ of the cured blends were measured. The blend which was cured with the non‐sulfur donor accelerator and zinc oxide had superior tensile strength, elongation at break, stored energy density at break and modulus at different strain amplitudes. It also possessed a lower heat build‐up, a higher abrasion resistance and a higher tan δ at low temperatures to obtain high‐skid resistance and ice and wet‐grip. Optimizing the chemical bonding between the rubber and filler reduced the amount of the chemical curatives by approximately 58% by weight for passenger car tire tread. This helped to improve health and safety at work and reduce damage to the environment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of multiwall carbon nanotubes on thermomechanical and electrical properties of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Gupta Anju , Choudhary Veena 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized using chemical vapor deposition and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)/MWCNT composites with varying amounts of MWCNTs were prepared by melt compounding using DSM micro‐compounder. Morphological characterization by SEM and TEM showed uniform dispersion of MWCNTs in PTT matrix upto 2% (w/w) MWCNT loading. Incorporation of MWCNTs showed no effect on percent crystallinity but affected the crystallite dimensions and increased the crystallization temperature. Dynamic mechanical characterization of composites showed an increase in storage modulus of PTT upon incorporation of MWCNTs above glass transition temperature. The electrical conductivity of PTT/MWCNT composites increased upon incorporation of MWCNTs and percolation threshold concentration was obtained at a loading of MWCNTs in the range of 1–1.5% (w/w). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Visual webpage block importance prediction using conditional random fields
Authors: Tzong‐Han Tsai Richard , Chiu Borong , Wu Chi‐En 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe have developed a system that segments web pages into blocks and predicts those blocks' importance (block importance prediction or BIP). First, we use VIPS to partition a page into a tree composed of blocks and then extracts features from each block and labels all leaf nodes. This paper makes two main contributions. Firstly, we are pioneering the formulation of BIP as a sequence tagging task. We employ DFS, which outputs a single sequence for the whole tree in which related sub‐blocks are adjacent. Our second contribution is using the conditional random fields (CRF) model for labeling these sequences. CRF's transition features model correlations between neighboring labels well, and CRF can simultaneously label all blocks in a sequence to find the global optimal solution for the whole sequence, not only the best solution for each block. In our experiments, our CRF‐based system achieves an F1‐measure of 97.41%, which significantly outperforms our ME‐based baseline (95.64%). Lastly, we tested the CRF‐based system using sites which were not covered in the training data. On completely novel sites CRF performed slightly worse than ME. However, when given only two training pages from a given site, CRF improved almost three times as much as ME.
Lipid biosynthesis monitored at the single‐cell level in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chumnanpuen Pramote , Brackmann Christian , Nandy Subir K. , Chatzipapadopoulos Susana , Nielsen Jens , Enejder Annika 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThere is increasing interest in bioengineering of lipids for use in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widely utilized cell factory for biotechnological production, thus a tempting alternative. Herein, we show how its neutral lipid accumulation varies throughout metabolic phases under nutritional conditions relevant for large‐scale fermentation. Population‐averaged metabolic data were correlated with lipid storage at the single‐cell level monitored at submicron resolution by label‐free coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. While lipid droplet sizes are fairly constant, the number of droplets is a dynamic parameter determined by glucose and ethanol levels. The lowest number of lipid droplets is observed in the transition phase between glucose and ethanol fermentation. It is followed by a buildup during the ethanol phase. The surplus of accumulated lipids is then mobilized at concurrent glucose and ethanol starvation in the subsequent stationary phase. Thus, the highest amount of lipids is found in the ethanol phase, which is about 0.3 fL/cell. Our results indicate that the budding yeast, S. cerevisiae, can be used for the biosynthesis of lipids and demonstrate the strength of CARS microscopy for monitoring the dynamics of lipid metabolism at the single‐cell level of importance for optimized lipid production.
Healthcare resource use and medical costs for the management of oesophageal cancer
Authors:   Australian Cancer Study Clinical Follow-Up Study, Gordon L G , Eckermann S , Hirst N G , Watson D I , Mayne G C , Fahey P , Whiteman D C 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the interaction between natural history, current practice patterns in diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of oesophageal cancer, and associated health resource utilization and costs.MethodsA cost analysis of a prospective population-based cohort of 1100 patients with a primary diagnosis of oesophageal cancer was performed using chart review from the Australian Cancer Study Clinical Follow-Up Study. The analysis enabled estimation of healthcare resources and associated costs in 2009 euros by stage of disease and treatment pathway.ResultsMost patients (88·5 per cent) presented with stage II, III or IV cancer; 61·1 per cent (672 of 1100) were treated surgically. Overall mean costs were €37 195 (median €29 114) for patients undergoing surgery and €17 281 (median €13 066) for those treated without surgery. Surgery contributed 66·4 per cent of the total costs (mean €24 697 per patient) in the surgical group. In the non-surgical group, use of chemotherapy was more prevalent (81·9 per cent of patients) and contributed 61·1 per cent of the total costs. Other important cost determinants were gastro-oesophageal junction tumours, treatment location and tumour stage. Mean costs of those monitored for Barrett's oesophagus (7·3 per cent of patients) were lower, although about one-third still presented with advanced-stage cancer.ConclusionOverall costs for managing oesophageal cancer were high and dominated by surgery costs in patients treated surgically and by chemotherapy costs in patients treated without surgery. Radiotherapy, treatment location and cancer subtype were also important. Monitoring for Barrett's oesophagus and earlier-stage detection were associated with lower management costs, but the potential net benefit from surveillance strategies needs further investigation.
Computational fluid dynamics modeling of mass‐transfer behavior in a bioreactor for hairy root culture. II. Analysis of ultrasound‐intensified process
Authors: Liu Rui , Sun Wei , Liu Chun‐Zhao 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRecently, cichoric acid production from hairy roots of Echinacea purpurea was significantly improved by ultrasound stimulation in an airlift bioreactor. In this article, the possible mechanism on ultrasound‐intensified hairy root culture of E. purpurea in the bioreactor was elucidated with the help of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, membrane permeability detection, dissolved oxygen concentration detection, confocal laser‐scanning microscopy (LSM) observation, and phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) activity analysis. The CFD model developed in Part I was used to simulate the hydrodynamics and oxygen mass transfer in hairy root bioreactor culture stimulated by ultrasound. A dynamic mesh model combined with a changing Schmidt number method was used for the simulation of the ultrasound field. Simulation results and experimental data illustrated that ultrasound intensified oxygen mass transfer in the hairy root clump, which subsequently stimulated root growth and cichoric acid biosynthesis. Ultrasound increased the hairy root membrane permeability, and a high root membrane permeability of 0.359 h−1 was observed at the bottom region in the bioreactor. LSM observation showed that the change in the membrane permeability recovered to normal in the further culture after ultrasound stimulation. PAL activity in the hairy roots was stimulated by ultrasound increase and was correlated well to cichoric acid accumulation in the hairy roots of E. purpurea. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
President's page
Authors: Smith Linda C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEditor's SummaryThe special interest groups (SIGs) of ASIS&T provide a focal point for members with common interests to interact, share information, develop and sponsor programs, promote matters of concern and represent the organization. Since their inception in 1966, the topic areas that SIGs represent have evolved – expanding, shrinking and remixing as subfields in information science and technology have emerged and morphed. In 2011 the 15 traditional SIGs were joined by 4 virtual SIGs, and several SIGs invite ongoing exchange through Facebook and Twitter. While SIG topics have changed through the years, the groups remain a vibrant source of communication, collaboration and sharing. Members are encouraged to become active in one or more SIGs and even propose new interest groups.
An Information architecture story: Reshaping www.plainlanguage.gov to meet changed needs
Authors: Haller Thom 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEditor's SummaryThe federal government's focus on clear and understandable writing is supported by www.plainlanguage.gov. The purposes and directives for the site have evolved since its origin, necessitating revision of the site structure. Teams of students and professionals worked through a five‐phase framework to organize and manage the change process. Their strategy started with gathering data on stakeholders' priorities and what worked and didn't work on the existing site structure. The redesign team developed several personas representing various types of anticipated site users and their specific needs. They evaluated the collected data from these perspectives and identified real users' top tasks. To organize content semantically, the team developed a taxonomy with four primary facets and built out the taxonomy following standard principles of vocabulary control. Two taxonomy versions emerged, providing site navigational labels and metadata to mediate retrieval. The teams developed, tested and revised mock‐ups until the final stage of the effort produced a new site design having an arrangement of text, labels, links and relationships that better supports the site's new mission as the design continues to evolve.
Socially enabled information structure: Understanding the help 2.0 revolution
Authors: Abel Scott 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEditor's SummaryTraditional help files are passé, failing to serve customer needs and lagging behind the shift toward Web 2.0 interaction. Help 2.0 moves beyond repurposed static documents to integrate current strategies and capabilities for a more complete, engaging and satisfying customer experience. The approach features the interaction of an online support community with collaboration and feedback opportunities. Support sites based on the 2.0 model can provide membership access, user generated content, incentives for contributing and personalization options. They can also contribute to search engine optimization. Content analytics reveal member, group and site metrics – business critical data that can drive sales and revenue. Help 2.0 provides information for current and prospective customers, building a community, enhancing satisfaction and proving the effectiveness of exceptional support.
Defining the search experience
Authors: Sweeney Marianne 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEditor's SummaryWhile site designers, content managers and information architects each frame the effectiveness of a website very differently, the end user's primary need is a successful search experience. Searchers want information that is personally relevant, factual and trustworthy. Yet search and retrieval systems rank results based on arbitrary factors such as numbers of links, the age of a site and frequency of content changes or unknowable indicators of presumed quality. Information architects (IAs) and user experience specialists should assert their understanding of the search experience, expanding their focus from navigation and design to serving peoples' goals in search. IAs should design sites with search engine optimization in mind, incorporating and maximizing the search value of end users' typical terminology.
From tsunami to rising tide: How to plan for a successful information architecture strategy
Authors: Davis Nathaniel 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEditor's SummaryThe view of the information architect's challenge as a tsunami of data fails to capture the full impact of the rapidly rising flood of information. Recognizing stages of growth and maturity in information domains, information architects can plan for and accommodate differences in size and complexity by using one of three strategies. A single domain strategy serves knowledge environments that are discreet and disconnected, operating independently of others, like sand bags against a rising tide. A multi‐domain strategy is a short‐term solution, like the temporary protection of boots. It supports connections between different constructs in a subject domain by using a single taxonomy or underlying model. The best long‐term solution is a cross‐domain strategy that, like a boat, links the disparate frameworks of unique domains, creating a single, integrated construct. With the cross‐domain model, domains are self sufficient, but they share an information organization approach and support conceptual relationships between domains. A strategic approach to information architecture serves domains at each stage of maturity and sets the stage for future evolution.
SCADA platform combined with a scale model of trickle irrigation system for agricultural engineering education
Authors: Molina Jose M. , Ruiz‐Canales Antonio , Jiménez Manuel , Soto Fulgencio , Fernández‐Pacheco Daniel G. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDuring the last three decades, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are being widely used in agricultural applications and specifically in irrigation management systems, where an intelligent use of the water is required. Taking this objective into account, an educational platform for the design of SCADA applications for irrigation programming combined with a scale model of a trickle irrigation system is described in this article. This platform facilitates the students of Agricultural Engineering to design and simulate different irrigation systems, providing an efficient and low cost tool. Moreover, as the SCADA applications are developed with the LabVIEW graphical programming language, complex mathematical models for irrigation, data sampling, and on‐line programming by Internet are supported. The use of a data acquisition card for collecting data from transducers and for the activation of the actuators makes it possible to apply the implemented platform both to a real irrigation system and to the developed scale model, supplying the students with a more practical application of the learned concepts. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:463–473, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.10.1002/cae.20571