bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited Role for Lymphotoxin α in the Host Immune Response toMycobacteriumtuberculosis
Authors: Allie Nasiema , Keeton Roanne , Court Nathalie , Abel Brian , Fick Lizette , Vasseur Virginie , Vacher Rachel , Olleros Maria L. , Drutskaya Marina S. , Guler Reto , Nedospasov Sergei A. , Garcia Irene , Ryffel Bernhard , Quesniaux Valerie F. J. , Jacobs Muazzam 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe contribution of lymphotoxin (LT)α in the host immune response to virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin infections was investigated. Despite their ability to induce Th1 cytokine, IFN-γ, and IL-12 pulmonary response, “conventional” LTα−/− mice succumb rapidly to virulent M. tuberculosis aerosol infection, with uncontrolled bacilli growth, defective granuloma formation, necrosis, and reduced pulmonary inducible NO synthase expression, similar to TNF−/− mice. Contributions from developmental lymphoid abnormalities in LTα−/− mice were excluded because hematopoietic reconstitution with conventional LTα−/− bone marrow conferred enhanced susceptibility to wild-type mice, comparable to conventional LTα−/− control mice. However, conventional LTα−/− mice produced reduced levels of TNF after M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection, and their lack of control of mycobacterial infection could be due to a defective contribution of either LTα or TNF, or both, to the host immune response. To address this point, the response of “neo-free” LTα−/− mice with unperturbed intrinsic TNF expression to M. tuberculosis infection was investigated in a direct comparative study with conventional LTα−/− mice. Strikingly, although conventional LTα−/− mice were highly sensitive, similar to TNF−/− mice, neo-free LTα−/− mice controlled acute M. tuberculosis infection essentially as wild-type mice. Pulmonary bacterial burden and inflammation was, however, slightly increased in neo-free LTα−/− mice 4–5 mo postinfection, but importantly, they did not succumb to infection. Our findings revise the notion that LTα might have a critical role in host defense to acute mycobacterial infection, independent of TNF, but suggest a contribution of LTα in the control of chronic M. tuberculosis infection.
Cutting Edge: Intrathymic Differentiation of Adaptive Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells upon Peripheral Proinflammatory Immunization
Authors: Zelenay Santiago , Bergman Marie-Louise , Paiva Ricardo Sousa , Lino Andreia C. , Martins Ana C. , Duarte João H. , Moraes-Fontes Maria F. , Bilate Angelina M. , Lafaille Juan J. , Demengeot Jocelyne 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Thymocytes differentiate into CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (TR) upon interaction between their TCR and peptide–MHC II complexes locally expressed in the thymus. Conversion of naive CD4+ T cells into TR can additionally take place in the periphery under noninflammatory conditions of Ag encounter. In this study, making use of TCR transgenic models naturally devoid of Foxp3+ cells, we report de novo generation of TR upon a single footpad injection of Ag mixed with a classic proinflammatory adjuvant. Abrupt TR differentiation upon immunization occurred intrathymically and was essential for robust tolerance induction in a mouse model of spontaneous encephalomyelitis. This phenomenon could be attributed to a specific feature of thymocytes, which, in contrast to mature peripheral CD4+ T cells, were insensitive to the inhibitory effects of IL-6 on the induction of Foxp3 expression. Our findings uncover a pathway for TR generation with major implications for immunity and tolerance induction.
Group V Secretory Phospholipase A2 Reveals Its Role in House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Pulmonary Inflammation by Regulation of Dendritic Cell Function
Authors: Giannattasio Giorgio , Fujioka Daisuke , Xing Wei , Katz Howard R. , Boyce Joshua A. , Balestrieri Barbara 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
We have previously shown that group V secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) regulates phagocytosis of zymosan and Candida albicans by a mechanism that depends on fusion of phagosomes with late endosomes in macrophages. In this study, we report that group V sPLA2 (Pla2g5)-null mice exposed to an extract of house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae had markedly reduced pulmonary inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Pla2g5-null mice had also impaired Th2-type adaptive immune responses to D. farinae compared with WT mice. Pla2g5-null bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) activated by D. farinae had delayed intracellular processing of allergen and impaired allergen-dependent maturation, a pattern recapitulated by the native lung DCs of D. farinae-challenged mice. Adoptively transferred D. farinae-loaded Pla2g5-null BMDCs were less able than D. farinae-loaded WT BMDCs to induce pulmonary inflammation and Th2 polarization in WT mice. However, Pla2g5-null recipients transferred with WT or Pla2g5-null D. farinae-loaded BMDCs exhibited significantly reduced local inflammatory responses to D. farinae, even though the transfer of WT BMDCs still induced an intact Th2 cytokine response in regional lymph nodes. Thus, the expression of group V sPLA2 in APCs regulates Ag processing and maturation of DCs and contributes to pulmonary inflammation and immune response against D. farinae. Furthermore, an additional yet to be identified resident cell type is essential for the development of pulmonary inflammation, likely a cell in which group V sPLA2 is upregulated by D. farinae, and whose function is also regulated by group V sPLA2.
Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disease Protection by the Human Commensal Bacteroides fragilis Depends on Polysaccharide A Expression
Authors: Ochoa-Repáraz Javier , Mielcarz Daniel W. , Ditrio Lauren E. , Burroughs Ashley R. , Begum-Haque Sakhina , Dasgupta Suryasarathi , Kasper Dennis L. , Kasper Lloyd H. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The importance of gut commensal bacteria in maintaining immune homeostasis is increasingly understood. We recently described that alteration of the gut microflora can affect a population of Foxp3+Treg cells that regulate demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the experimental model of human multiple sclerosis. We now extend our previous observations on the role of commensal bacteria in CNS demyelination, and we demonstrate that Bacteroides fragilis producing a bacterial capsular polysaccharide Ag can protect against EAE. Recolonization with wild type B. fragilis maintained resistance to EAE, whereas reconstitution with polysaccharide A-deficient B. fragilis restored EAE susceptibility. Enhanced numbers of Foxp3+Treg cells in the cervical lymph nodes were observed after intestinal recolonization with either strain of B. fragilis. Ex vivo, CD4+T cells obtained from mice reconstituted with wild type B. fragilis had significantly enhanced rates of conversion into IL-10–producing Foxp3+Treg cells and offered greater protection against disease. Our results suggest an important role for commensal bacterial Ags, in particular B. fragilis expressing polysaccharide A, in protecting against CNS demyelination in EAE and perhaps human multiple sclerosis.
Regulation of the B Cell Receptor Repertoire and Self-Reactivity by BAFF
Authors: Ota Miyo , Duong Bao H. , Torkamani Ali , Doyle Colleen M. , Gavin Amanda L. , Ota Takayuki , Nemazee David 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe TNF-family cytokine BAFF (BLyS) promotes B lymphocyte survival and is overexpressed in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's Syndrome. BAFF can rescue anergic autoreactive B cells from death, but only when competition from nonautoreactive B cells is lacking. Yet, high BAFF levels promote autoantibody formation in individuals possessing diverse B cells. To better understand how excess BAFF promotes autoimmunity in a polyclonal immune system, Ig L chain usage was analyzed in 3H9 site-directed IgH chain transgenic mice, whose B cells recognize DNA and chromatin when they express certain endogenous L chains. BAFF levels were manipulated in 3H9 mice by introducing transgenes expressing either BAFF or its natural inhibitor ΔBAFF. B cells in BAFF/3H9 mice were elevated in number, used a broad L chain repertoire, including L chains generating high-affinity autoreactivity, and produced abundant autoantibodies. Comparison of spleen and lymph node B cells suggested that highly autoreactive B cells were expanded. By contrast, ΔBAFF/3H9 mice had reduced B cell numbers with a repertoire similar to that of 3H9 mice, but lacking usage of a subset of Vκ genes. The results show that limiting BAFF signaling only slightly selects against higher affinity autoreactive B cells, whereas its overexpression leads to broad tolerance escape and positive selection of autoreactive cells. The results have positive implications for the clinical use of BAFF-depleting therapy.
Interface‐Engineered Amorphous TiO2‐Based Resistive Memory Devices
Authors: Jeong Hu Young , Lee Jeong Yong , Choi Sung‐Yool 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCrossbar‐type bipolar resistive memory devices based on low‐temperature amorphous TiO2 (a‐TiO2) thin films are very promising devices for flexible nonvolatile memory applications. However, stable bipolar resistive switching from amorphous TiO2 thin films has only been achieved for Al metal electrodes that can have severe problems like electromigration and breakdown in real applications and can be a limiting factor for novel applications like transparent electronics. Here, amorphous TiO2‐based resistive random access memory devices are presented that universally work for any configuration of metal electrodes via engineering the top and bottom interface domains. Both by inserting an ultrathin metal layer in the top interface region and by incorporating a thin blocking layer in the bottom interface, more enhanced resistance switching and superior endurance performance can be realized. Using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, point energy dispersive spectroscopy, and energy‐filtering transmission electron microscopy, it is demonstrated that the stable bipolar resistive switching in metal/a‐TiO2/metal RRAM devices is attributed to both interface domains: the top interface domain with mobile oxygen ions and the bottom interface domain for its protection against an electrical breakdown.
Synthesis and characterization of high temperature resistance interpenetrating polymer network
Authors: Kirubaharan A. M. Kamalan , Palraj S. , Selvaraj M. , Rajagopal G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractInterpenetrating polymer network (IPN) polymer has been prepared by blending silicone resin polymer with the organic polymers such as polypyrrole [PPy] and polythiophene [PTh]. The IPNs were characterized by FTIR, NMR, and TGA/DSC analysis. The heat resistance performance of these IPNs were evaluated as per ASTM D2485. The result indicates that the IPN based on silicone‐PTh has got superior heat resistant property than silicone‐PPy. The electrochemical impedance measurements showed that the corrosion resistances of both the IPNs was similar. AFM morphological study confirms the influence of PPy/PTh on silicone polymer in forming smooth heterogeneous micro‐structured IPNs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The use of self‐learning modules to facilitate learning of basic science concepts in an integrated medical curriculum
Authors: Khalil Mohammed K. , Nelson Loren D. , Kibble Jonathan D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study used qualitative and quantitative approaches to evaluate the effectiveness of self‐learning modules (SLMs) developed to facilitate and individualize students' learning of basic medical sciences. Twenty physiology and nineteen microanatomy SLMs were designed with interactive images, animations, narrations, and self‐assessments. Of 41 medical students, 40 students voluntarily completed a questionnaire with open‐ended and closed‐ended items to evaluate students' attitudes and perspectives on the learning value of SLMs. Closed‐ended items were assessed on a five‐point Likert scale (5 = high score) and the data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Open‐ended questions further evaluated students' perspectives on the effectiveness of SLMs; student responses to open‐ended questions were analyzed to identify shared patterns or themes in their experience using SLMs. The results of the midterm examination were also analyzed to compare student performance on items related to SLMs and traditional sessions. Students positively evaluated their experience using the SLMs with an overall mean score of 4.25 (SD ± 0.84). Most students (97%) indicated that the SLMs improved understanding and facilitated learning basic science concepts. SLMs were reported to allow learner control, to help in preparation for subsequent in‐class discussion, and to improve understanding and retention. A significant difference in students' performance was observed when comparing SLM‐related items with non‐SLM items in the midterm examination (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of SLMs in an integrated basic science curriculum has the potential to individualize the teaching and improve the learning of basic sciences. Anat Sci Educ 3: 219–226, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Simple questionnaire for assessing core outcomes in inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Staerkle R F , Villiger P 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Patient-oriented questionnaires are indispensable in the assessment of surgical outcome. The psychometric properties of a brief multidimensional instrument were examined in patients with inguinal hernia undergoing surgery.

Methods
Fifty-one patients (mean(s.d.) age 50·6(17·4) years; 48 men) participated. The following questionnaire properties were assessed for the Core Outcome Measures Index adapted for patients with hernia (COMI-hernia) and the EuroQol: practicability, floor and ceiling effects, test–retest reliability (over 2 weeks), construct validity (by comparison with other relevant scales) and responsiveness 9 months after surgery as standardized response mean (SRM).

Results
The questionnaires were easy to implement and well accepted by the patients. Ceiling effects at baseline were 2 per cent for the COMI-hernia, 8 per cent for EuroQol—visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) and 35 per cent for EuroQol—Five Dimensions (EQ-5D); no instrument showed floor effects. The reproducibility of individual COMI-hernia items was good, with test–retest differences within one grade ranging from 41 of 45 for ‘social/work disability’ to 44 of 45 for ‘general quality of life’. The intraclass correlation coefficients were moderately high for COMI-hernia (0·74) and EQ-VAS (0·77), but low for EQ-5D (0·43). COMI-hernia scores correlated in the expected manner with related scales (r = 0·42–0·72, P &lt; 0·050). COMI-hernia was the most responsive instrument (SRM 1·42).

Conclusion
The COMI-hernia and EQ-VAS general health scale represent reliable, valid and sensitive tools for assessing multidimensional outcome in patients with inguinal hernia undergoing surgical treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Alkali‐Metal Cations on the Chemistry of Aqueous Silicate Solutions.
Authors: KINRADE S. D. , POLE D. L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Oxidation of Dibenzocarbazole Followed by Laser Interferometry: Formation of a New Conducting Film.
Authors: O'BRIEN R. N. , MADHAVAN S. , SANTHANAM K. S. V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photooxidation of AuCl‐ 2 and AuBr‐ 2 Induced by ds Excitation.
Authors: KUNKELY H. , VOGLER A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxometalates of a New Type, Ba3NaNbO6 and Ba3NaTaO6
Authors: WEHRUM G. , HOPPE R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Oxoargentato(I)‐aurat(III), Ba4AgAuO6
Authors: WEINREICH J. , MUELLER‐BUSCHBAUM HK. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: ESR Spectra and Electronic States of 1,10‐Phenanthroline Radical Anions
Authors: KOIZUMI T. , YOKOYAMA Y. , MORIHASHI K. , NAKAYAMA M. , KIKUCHI O. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Partitioning of Charge in Dibenzo(b,g)chrysene: The Role of the System′ s Topology.
Authors: ZELIKOVICH L. , HOFFMAN R. E. , AYALON A. , RABINOVITZ M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of/and Tetrahedral Character of the Boron Atom in 9‐(2‐(1‐ Ethylthiopentyl)phenyl)‐9‐borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane
Authors: TOYOTA S. , OKI M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Recoverable Chiral Sulfoxide: Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy Esters.
Authors: WILLS M. , BUTLIN R. J. , LINNEY I. D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 1,2‐Propadienyl Sulfides with Aldehydes and Acetals Catalyzed by BF3×OEt2.
Authors: NARASAKA K. , SHIBATA T. , HAYASHI Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Additions to Diprotected α‐Amino Aldehydes.
Authors: HENEGHAN M. , PROCTER G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels‐Alder Reactions of Cycloalkenones. Part 23. Diels‐Alder Reactions of Bicyclic, Heteroannular Dienones.
Authors: MINUTI L. , SELVAGGI R. , TATICCHI A. , GUO M. , WENKERT E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Nitrones with E‐1‐ Alkyl‐2‐nitroethenes.
Authors: YAKURA T. , NAKAZAWA M. , TAKINO T. , IKEDA M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of (2‐Nitrophenyl)diazomethane Studied by the Matrix Isolation Technique. (Nitrophenyl)carbene to (Carboxylphenyl)nitrene Rearrangement by Successive Reduction of the Nitro Group with the Carbenic Center.
Authors: TOMIOKA H. , ICHIKAWA N. , KOMATSU K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Pyrenolide C Using the Oxazole‐Singlet Oxygen Reaction. Assignment of Stereochemistry.
Authors: WASSERMAN H. H. , PROWSE K. S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of Exocyclic α‐Positions of Azole N‐Oxides by O‐ Silylation.
Authors: BEGTRUP M. , VEDSOE P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Tin(IV) Chloride‐Promoted Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Allylstannanes with Allylsilanes.
Authors: TAKEDA T. , TAKAGI Y. , TAKANO H. , FUJIWARA T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.