bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAN WE IDENTIFY INTERGENERATIONAL POLICY REGIMES IN EUROPE?
Authors: Saraceno Chiara , Keck Wolfgang 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT
This paper examines whether it is possible to recognise specific patterns of institutionally regulated downward (towards children) and upward (towards the old) intergenerational obligations with regard to care and financial support, and to identify specific country profiles and clusters of countries in Europe. Based on the three-fold conceptualisation of familialism by default, supported familialism and de-familialisation, and using a complex set of indicators, we describe how countries, by means of policies, allocate intergenerational responsibilities between families and the state, also paying attention to their gender impact. The study includes all 27 EU countries and for the first time offers a comparative overview of a diversified set of policies with regard to both children and the old. It concludes that although specific policy profiles emerge with regard to the two sets of obligations, these do not always coincide. Furthermore, contrary to widespread opinion, supported familialism and de-familialisation are not always contrasting policy approaches. In some countries, they actually represent part of an integrated approach to public support of intergenerational obligations. Moreover, the gender impact of supported familialism may be different and even contrary, depending on the specific instrument. Finally, once the road of oversimplification is excluded, only one statistically sound cluster of countries emerges. It is, however, possible to detect groups of countries that are similar. These only partly overlap with prevalent welfare regime types.
A qualitative review of perception of change for male perpetrators of domestic abuse following abuser schema therapy (AST)
Authors: Smith Margaret Elizabeth 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIntroduction: Domestic abuse is known to have detrimental effects on all members of the family, yet it is often difficult for victims to leave. It is therefore important to research available intervention programmes for perpetrators who want to change their behaviour. Intervention programmes for perpetrators are informed by different theoretical and philosophical approaches, such as pro‐feminism, psychopathology or biopsychosocial theories. However, there is little consensus to the most effective intervention and there is a paucity of qualitative research on the perspectives of the perpetrators who attend the available therapies. Aim: The aim of this research was to discover the perceptions of change of 18 male, heterosexual perpetrators with female partners who self referred to a community‐based therapy service providing abuser schema therapy (AST). Method: A qualitative methodology was adopted using semi‐structured interviews on completion of therapy, and at three, six, nine and 12 months follow‐up. A content analysis was conducted and data was coded and mapped against a priori variables. Findings: The findings indicated that the four highest rated variables were: (1) a reduction of anger, (2) an increase in communication and assertiveness skills, (3) an increase in ability to think prior to behaviour, and (4) responsibility for personal power. The findings are discussed in relation to the perceived changes for perpetrators. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study seeks to contribute to the development of future effective interventions to reduce aggression within the home.
Single feature polymorphism detection using recombinant inbred line microarray expression data
Authors: Cui Xinping , You Na , Girke Thomas , Michelmore Richard , Van Deynze Allen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMotivation: The Affymetrix GeneChip® microarray is currently providing a high-density and economical platform for discovery of genetic polymorphisms. Microarray data for single feature polymorphism (SFP) detection in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) can capitalize on the high level of replication available for each locus in the RIL population. It was suggested that the binding affinities from all of the RILs would form a multimodal distribution for a SFP. This motivated us to estimate the binding affinities from the robust multi-array analysis (RMA) method and formulate the SFP detection problem as a hypothesis testing problem, i.e. testing whether the underlying distribution of the estimated binding affinity (EBA) values of a probe is unimodal or multimodal.Results: We developed a bootstrap-based hypothesis testing procedure using the ‘dip’ statistic. Our simulation studies show that the proposed procedure can reach satisfactory detection power with false discovery rate controlled at a desired level and is robust to the unimodal distribution assumption, which facilitates wide application of the proposed procedure. Our analysis of the real data identified more than four times the SFPs compared to the previous studies, covering 96% of their findings. The constructed genetic map using the SFP markers predicted from our procedure shows over 99% concordance of the genetic orders of these markers with their known physical locations on the genome sequence.Availability: The R package ‘dipSFP’ can be downloaded from http://sites.google.com/a/bioinformatics.ucr.edu/xinping-cui/home/softwareContact: xinping.cui@ucr.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MSAProbs: multiple sequence alignment based on pair hidden Markov models and partition function posterior probabilities
Authors: Liu Yongchao , Schmidt Bertil , Maskell Douglas L. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Multiple sequence alignment is of central importance to bioinformatics and computational biology. Although a large number of algorithms for computing a multiple sequence alignment have been designed, the efficient computation of highly accurate multiple alignments is still a challenge.
Results: We present MSAProbs, a new and practical multiple alignment algorithm for protein sequences. The design of MSAProbs is based on a combination of pair hidden Markov models and partition functions to calculate posterior probabilities. Furthermore, two critical bioinformatics techniques, namely weighted probabilistic consistency transformation and weighted profile–profile alignment, are incorporated to improve alignment accuracy. Assessed using the popular benchmarks: BAliBASE, PREFAB, SABmark and OXBENCH, MSAProbs achieves statistically significant accuracy improvements over the existing top performing aligners, including ClustalW, MAFFT, MUSCLE, ProbCons and Probalign. Furthermore, MSAProbs is optimized for multi-core CPUs by employing a multi-threaded design, leading to a competitive execution time compared to other aligners.
Availability: The source code of MSAProbs, written in C++, is freely and publicly available from http://msaprobs.sourceforge.net.
Contact: liuy0039@ntu.edu.sg
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Analgesic efficacy of intracapsular and intra‐articular local anaesthesia for knee arthroplasty
Authors: Andersen L. Ø. , Husted H. , Kristensen B. B. , Otte K. S. , Gaarn‐Larsen L. , Kehlet H. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThe optimal site for wound delivery of local anaesthetic after total knee arthroplasty is undetermined. Sixty patients having total knee arthroplasty received intra‐operative infiltration analgesia with ropivacaine 0.2% and were then were randomly assigned to receive either intracapsular or intra‐articular catheters with 20 ml ropivacaine 0.5% given at 6 h and again at 24 h, postoperatively. Analgesic efficacy was assessed for 3 h after each injection, using a visual analogue score, where 0 = no pain and 100 = worst pain. There was no statistically significant difference between groups. Maximum pain relief (median (IQR [range])) at rest observed in the 3 h after the 6 and 24 h postoperative injections was 17 (7–31 [0–80]) and 10 (4–27 [0–50]) p = 0.27 for 6–9 h; and 17 (7–33 [0–100]) and 13 (3–25 [0–72]) p = 0.28 for 24–27 h, for intracapsular and intra‐articular, respectively. Intracapsular local anaesthetic has similar analgesic efficacy to intra‐articular after total knee arthroplasty.
Brachial plexopathy as a complication of induced hypothermia following cardiac arrest
Authors: Hammell C. L. , Sulaiman L. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryInduced hypothermia following cardiac arrest is a common treatment in the critical care unit. Topical cooling measures are easy to initiate and widely utilised. We report a case of brachial plexopathy occurring in association with topical cooling measures and discuss the diagnosis, management and avoidance of such complications.
National representation in the anaesthesia literature: a bibliometric analysis of highly cited anaesthesia journals*
Authors: Bould M. D. , Boet S. , Riem N. , Kasanda C. , Sossou A. , Bruppacher H. R. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryWhile previous studies have investigated the country of origin of anaesthetic publications, they have generally used a medline computer search to identify original articles and have often excluded non‐English language articles. We undertook a hand‐search of journals in the Journal Citation Reports® using the subject category of Anesthesiology. We quantified the number of original articles, editorials, review articles, case reports and correspondence attributed to each country. We also calculated the proportion of articles of each type from countries of each national income category. We analysed 9684 articles published in 2007 and 2008. The United States published more original articles than any other country. High‐income countries published 89.2% of original articles, middle‐income countries 10.5%, and low‐income countries just 0.3%. There were more articles published by middle‐income countries during the study period than a decade earlier, notably from Turkey, China and India. We discuss barriers to publications from low‐income countries.
Autophagy and adaptive immunity
Authors: Crotzer Victoria L. , Blum Janice S. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryAutophagy plays an important role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis by promoting the transit of cytoplasmic material, such as proteins, organelles and pathogens, for degradation within acidic organelles. Yet, in immune cells, autophagy pathways serve an additional role in facilitating intracellular surveillance for pathogens and changes in self. Autophagy pathways can modulate key steps in the development of innate and adaptive immunity. In terms of adaptive immunity, autophagy regulates the development and survival of lymphocytes as well as the modulation of antigen processing and presentation. Specialized forms of autophagy may be induced by some viral pathogens, providing a novel route for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation and enhanced CD8+ T‐cell responses. Autophagy induction in target cells also increases their potential to serve as immunogens for dendritic cell cross‐presentation to CD8+ T cells. The requirement for autophagy in MHC class II presentation of cytoplasmic and nuclear antigens is well established, yet recent studies also point to a critical role for autophagy in modulating CD4+ T‐cell responses to phagocytosed pathogens. Autophagy pathways can also modulate the selection and survival of some CD4+ T cells in the thymus. However, much still remains to be learned mechanistically with respect to how autophagy and autophagy‐linked genes regulate pathogen recognition and antigen presentation, as well as the development and survival of immune cells.
Histopathological analysis of initial cellular response in TLR‐2 deficient mice experimentally infected by Leishmania (L.) amazonensis
Authors: Guerra Camila Silva , Macedo Silva Roger Magno , Carvalho Luís Otávio Pereira , Calabrese Kátia da Silva , Bozza Patrícia Torres , Côrte‐Real Suzana 
Published: June 2010

SummaryTegumentary leishmaniasis is an important public health problem in several countries. The capacity of the Leishmania species, at the initial moments of the infection, to invade and survive inside the host cells involves the interaction of surface molecules that are crucial in determining the evolution of the disease. Using C57BL/6 wild‐type and TLR‐2−/− mice infected with L. (L.) amazonensis, we demonstrated that TLR‐2−/− mice presented eosinophilic granuloma in the ear dermis, different from C57BL/6 wild‐type mice that presented a cellular profile characterized mainly by mononuclear cell infiltrates, besides neutrophils and eosinophils, during the two first week of infection. When the parasite load was evaluated, we found that the absence of TLR‐2 lead to a significant reduction of the infection in deficient mice, when compared with C57BL/6 mice which were more susceptible to the infection. Using TLR‐2 deficient mice, it was possible to show that the absence of this receptor determined the reduction of the parasite load and the recruitment of inflammatory cells during the two first weeks after L. (L.) amazonensis infection.
Establishment and characterization of a murine xenograft model of appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mavanur Arun A. , Parimi Vamsi , O’Malley Mark , Nikiforova Marina , Bartlett David L. , Davison Jon M. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryWe describe the clinical, pathologic and molecular characteristics of a xenograft model of metastatic mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma. Tumours from patients with mucinous appendiceal neoplasms were implanted in nude mice and observed for evidence of intraperitoneal tumour growth. Morphologic and immunohistochemical features, temporal growth characteristics relative to controls, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at multiple chromosomal alleles were assessed in a successfully engrafted tumour. Two of seventeen implanted tumours successfully engrafted and only one mucinous adenocarcinoma propagated throughout the course of the study. The successful xenograft is morphologically similar to the original tumour, produces abundant extracellular mucin and exhibits non‐invasive growth on peritoneal surfaces. The temporal growth characteristics of the xenograft tumour relative to controls reveal that tumour burden can be followed indirectly by measuring the weight or abdominal girth of engrafted animals. The cytokeratin, mucin core protein, CDX2, Ki‐67 and p53 expression patterns are identical in the xenograft and resected tumour and are consistent with the expected pattern of protein expression for mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix. LOH was found in 1 of 10 informative chromosomal loci (chromosome 10p23) in xenograft tumour cells. Although we were unable to engraft a low‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, the engrafted adenocarcinoma will be useful for future evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies directed at mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma and evaluation of strategies for treating widespread, bulky, mucinous peritoneal surface neoplasms. Xenograft tumour enrichment can facilitate molecular studies of appendiceal epithelial neoplasia.
Leisure‐time physical activities for community older people with chronic diseases
Authors: Lin Yen‐Chun , Huang Lian‐Hua , Yeh Mei Chang , Tai John Jen 
Published: June 2010

Aims.  (1) To explore the types and three components (frequency, duration and caloric expenditure) of leisure‐time physical activity in community older people with chronic diseases. (2) To identify leisure‐time physical activity‐related factors in these community older people.Background.  Previous research has focused primarily on measuring the actual physiological or psychological benefits of exercise or leisure‐time physical activity, little is known about the factors that determine the frequency, intensity and duration of exercise or leisure‐time physical activity. The identification of reliable predictors of the various components of leisure‐time physical activity will enable healthcare providers to intervene and change the patterns of leisure‐time physical activity in the sedentary older people more effectively.Design.  A cross‐sectional design was used for this study.Methods.  Participants were recruited from the Xinyi District in Taipei, Taiwan. A total of 206 older people were recruited and were asked to complete three questionnaires during a face‐to‐face interview with a researcher at the activity setting.Results.  The results showed that walking leisurely was the most frequent leisure‐time physical activity for participants. The age, gender, living arrangement, affective feeling and environmental control were significant variables of leisure‐time physical activity.Conclusions.  The study constructs accounted for moderate amounts of variance (22% for leisure‐time physical activity frequency, 27% for leisure‐time physical activity duration and 24% for leisure‐time physical activity caloric expenditure). This study also showed that different variables play different influential roles in the different components of LTPA.Relevance to clinical practice.  An effective intervention strategy for improving leisure‐time physical activity of older people may involve tailoring the type, format, intensity, frequency and duration of a physical activity according to an individual’s needs. This study described some environmental barriers to LTPA and recommended an increase in the accessibility to LTPA areas.
Evaluation and economic impact analysis of different treatment options for ankle distortions in occupational accidents
Authors: Audenaert Amaryllis , Prims Jente , Reniers Genserik L.L. , Weyns Dirk , Mahieu Peter , Audenaert Emmanuel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  Appropriate use of diagnostic and treatment modalities are essential for rational use of resources. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of diagnostic modalities and different treatment options and their economic impacts following an acute ankle distortion resulting from an occupational accident. We evaluated the type‐of‐treatment impact on the victims' course of recovery as well as its impact on the associated accident costs. Research was carried out in Belgium.Methods  An ankle distortion victims' database consisting of 200 cases of (Belgian) occupational accidents during the period 2005–2007 was analysed.Results  Patients who were prescribed immobilization or the use of adjuvant support or physical therapy (118 cases) were not employed during a period of 37 days on average, with a mean total cost of 3140.14 Euros caused by the ankle sprain. Patients without any adjuvant therapy (82 cases) were characterized by an unemployment rate of 15 days on average, and a total cost of 1077.86 Euros. Cast immobilization, although its application is not supported by evidence‐based literature, was still applied in 36% of the population studied and resulted in the longest average absence of work of 42 days with an obvious significant increase in medical and total costs.Conclusions  Our results show a high rate of inappropriate use of cast immobilizations for ankle distortions. From an economic point of view and for the same clinical endpoint (being full resumption of the occupational activities), simple conventional treatment, consisting of rest, ice, compression and elevation at diagnosis with allowance of early weight bearing in the further clinical course, leads to the quickest full resumption of activities in combination with the lowest medical costs, if compared with any other kind of treatment.
Breeding system and factors limiting fruit production in the nectarless orchid Broughtonia lindenii
Authors: Vale Á. , Rojas D. , Álvarez J. C. , Navarro L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLow fruit set values in most orchids (especially epiphytic and tropical species) are normally thought to be the consequence of pollination constraints and limited resources. In particular, pollination constraints are modulated by pollinator visitation rates, pollinator visitation behaviour (promoting crossing or selfing), the type and number of pollinia deposited on stigmas (in the case of orchids with subequal pollinia) and the amount of pollen loaded per inflorescence. In order to assess to what extent these factors can affect fruit set in specific orchid–pollinator systems, the repercussions of some of these aspects on reproduction of Broughtonia lindenii were examined in a coastal population in western Cuba. The study focused on plant breeding system, importance of pollen load and type of pollinia on subsequent fruit and seed, limiting factors of seed production and interaction with pollinators. This species presents long‐lasting flowers that senesce after all forms of effective visit. Pollinator dependence for fruit production was demonstrated, while hand‐pollination experiments revealed self‐compatibility and inbreeding depression at seed level. More pollinia on stigmas enhance the proportion of well‐developed seeds. In contrast, the pollinia type used in pollination is not important for seed quality of fruits, suggesting that small pollinia are not rudimentary. Natural fruit set in two consecutive years was substantially affected by pollinator activity, and also by systematic depredatory activity of ants and a caterpillar. Considering that this orchid completely lacks nectar and that the local assemblage of pollinators and predators influenced its reproduction, a minor importance of resource constraints in this epiphyte (with long‐lasting reserve structures) is confirmed at least for a short time.
Estimation of genetic parameters for racing speed at different distances in young and adult Spanish Trotter horses using the random regression model
Authors: Gómez M.D. , Menendez‐Buxadera A. , Valera M. , Molina A. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryA total of 71 522 records (from 3154 horses) with the times per kilometre (TPK), recorded in Spanish Trotter horses (individual races) from racing performances held from 1991 to 2007, were available for this study. The TPK values for the different age groups (young and adult horses) and different distances (1600–2700 m) were considered as different traits, and a bi character random regression model (RRM) was applied to estimate the (co)variance components throughout the trajectory of age groups and distances. The following effects were considered as fixed: the combination of hippodrome‐date of race (404 levels); sex of the animals (3 levels); type of start (2 levels) and a fixed regression of Legendre polynomials (order 2). Those considered as random effects were the random regression Legendre polynomial (order 1) for animals (9201 animals in the pedigree); the individual environment permanent (3154 animals with data) and the driver (n = 957 levels). The residual variance was considered as heterogeneous with two classes (ages). The heritability estimated by distance ranged from 0.12 to 0.34, with a different trajectory for the two age groups. Within each age group, the genetic correlations between adjacent distances were high (>0.90), but decreased when the differences between them were over 400 metres for both age groups. The genetic correlations for the same distance across the age groups ranged from 0.47 to 0.78. Accordingly, the analysed trait (TPK) can be considered as positive genetic correlated but as different traits along the trajectory of distance and age. Therefore, some re‐ranking should be expected in the breeding value of the horses at different characteristics of the racing. The use of RRM is recommended because it allows us to estimate the breeding value along the whole trajectory of race competition.