bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient estimation of true fixed-effects stochastic frontier models
Authors: Bellio Ruggero , Grassetti Luca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFixed-effects modeling has become the method of choice in several panel data settings, including models for stochastic frontier analysis. A notable instance of stochastic frontier panel data models is the true fixed-effects model, which allows disentangling unit heterogeneity from efficiency evaluations. While such a model is theoretically appealing, its estimation is hampered by incidental parameters. This note proposes a simple and rather general estimation approach where the unit-specific intercepts are integrated out of the likelihood function. We apply the theory of composite group families to the model of interest and demonstrate that the resulting integrated likelihood is a marginal likelihood with desirable inferential properties. The derivation of the result is provided in full, along with some connections with the existing literature and computational details. The method is illustrated for three notable models, given by the normal-half normal model, the heteroscedastic exponential model, and the normal-gamma model. The results of simulation experiments highlight the properties of the methodology.
Running-in Period During Sliding Wear of Austenitic Steels
Authors: Zambrano O. A. , Iglesias-Guerrero B. , Rodríguez S. A. , Coronado J. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe running-in period during dry sliding wear might determine the evolution to steady-state wear behaviour. To this end, the running-in period during sliding wear of austenitic stainless steel, AISI 316L stainless steel, and Hadfield steel were studied through the testing pin (flat-ended)-on-disk configuration. The effects of the normal load, sliding speed, and alloy type were assessed, and the specific wear rate and strain hardening characteristics were determined. The wear rate was correlated with wear mechanism, friction coefficient, hardening, and roughness to characterize the changes occurring during the running-in period. These changes could influence the responses of these materials to wear during the steady-state period. The stabilization of the specific wear rate and hardness was noted to align with the end of the running-in period.
Graphical Abstract
Influence of Lubricated Rolling/Sliding Tribotesting on Hydrogen Trapping in 100Cr6 Bearing Steel
Authors: Weniger Lisa-Marie , Sefer Birhan , Pelcastre Leonardo , Åkerfeldt Pia , Hardell Jens 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs hydrogen reduces the fatigue life of 100Cr6 bearing steel significantly, extensive research on the interaction of hydrogen with 100Cr6 is necessary. This study investigated the influence of rolling/sliding tribotesting performed on a micro-pitting-rig on the hydrogen absorption and trapping behaviour of 100Cr6 bearing steel. Thermal desorption mass spectrometry was used to compare the hydrogen desorption spectra of 100Cr6 samples after tribological tests and static heated oil-immersion tests to untested reference samples. The approach was chosen to further understand the influence of both microstructural deformation as well as steel-oil contact on the hydrogen absorption and trapping behaviour of 100Cr6. The tribological test showed a stable friction behaviour and mild wear which was dominated by local plastic deformation of surface asperities. Despite the mild wear, a change in de-trapping temperatures was found for tribotested samples compared to oil-immersed and untested reference samples. This finding indicates that even mild tribotesting conditions alter the hydrogen trapping behaviour of 100Cr6 bearing steel.
Rationality, inequality, and the output gap: evidence from a disaggregated Keynesian cross diagram
Authors: Teglio Andrea 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the conditions under which a representative agent (RA) model can accurately approximate the output of a multi-agent model that assumes many interacting agents. The study compares the widely used Keynesian cross diagram, which employs a representative agent, to an extended model that explicitly considers multiple interacting households and firms. The extended model reduces to the original RA model when there is one agent of each type. The findings suggest that the RA Keynesian cross diagram model does not accurately approximate the extended multi-agent model when: (1) the network structure of the economy is asymmetric (e.g., firms have different sizes), or (2) the rationality of agents is too low. Additionally, when income inequality is considered by introducing capitalists, the RA model is no longer a good approximation, even if agents are rational. However, fiscal policies that redistribute income can improve the accuracy of the RA model’s predictions. In general, features that increase the overall rationality of the economy and decrease heterogeneity tend to improve the performance of the RA approximation.
Prevalence of Mental Health and Substance use Problems and Awareness of Need for Services in Lesotho: Results from a Population-Based Survey
Authors: Fernández Lucia González , Yoon Grace H. , Firima Emmanuel , Gupta Ravi , Sematle Mamoronts’ane Pauline , Khomolishoele Makhebe , Molulela Manthabiseng , Bane Matumaole , Tlahani Mosa , Lee Tristan T. , Chammartin Frédérique , Gerber Felix , Lejone Thabo , Ayakaka Irene , Labhardt Niklaus Daniel , Amstutz Alain , Belus Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe conducted a household survey among 6061 adults in Lesotho to (1) assess the prevalence of moderate/severe mental health (MH) and substance use (SU) problems (2) describe the MH and SU service cascades, and (3) assess predictors of MH and SU problem awareness (i.e., awareness of having a MH/SU problem that requires treatment). Moderate/severe MH or SU problems was reported between 0.7% for anxiety in the past 2 weeks to 36.4% for alcohol use in the past 3 months. The awareness and treatment gaps were high for both MH (62% awareness gap; 82% treatment gap) and SU (89% awareness gap; 95% treatment gap). Individuals with higher than the median household wealth had lower MH and SU problem awareness and those living in urban settings had greater SU problem awareness. Research should investigate how to increase population awareness of MH/SU problems to reduce the burden of these conditions in this setting.
Disease-Management-Programme: Haben sie die Prävention in der Primärversorgung vorangebracht?
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Jahr 2003 wurden in Deutschland die Disease-Management-Programme (DMP) im ambulanten Bereich zur Verbesserung der Versorgung chronischer Erkrankungen eingerichtet. Bislang liegen nur wenige Untersuchungen hinsichtlich der Akzeptanz, Einstellungen und Erfahrungen von Hausärzt*innen in Bezug auf DMP vor.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Studie beleuchtet anhand eines aktuellen Meinungsbildes, welche Standpunkte Hausärzt*innen in Bezug auf DMP vertreten, welche Erfahrungen sie in der praktischen Versorgung gemacht haben, wie sie den konkreten Nutzen von DMP beurteilen und welche Verbesserungen sie sich für die Zukunft wünschen.

Material und Methoden
Zwischen März und September 2023 wurden 44 halbstandardisierte Interviews mit Hausärzt*innen in Baden-Württemberg, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland und Thüringen geführt.

Ergebnisse
Die Interviewten setzen DMP verbreitet ein. Es besteht ein hohes Maß an Zufriedenheit mit den Programmen, die nach Ansicht der Befragten zu verbesserter Versorgung beitragen. Die Kombination aus kontinuierlicher Patient*innenbetreuung und Evidenzorientierung wird als großer Vorzug erachtet; der Nutzen für eine gesteigerte Awareness und Compliance wird hoch eingeschätzt. Ebenfalls wird konstatiert, dass die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Kenntnisse durch die DMP-Teilnahme erweitert werden konnten. Viele Interviewte richten sich inzwischen nach den DMP-Empfehlungen. Demgegenüber werden Handlungsvorgaben von DMP oft als zu starr erlebt. Weitreichende Dokumentationspflichten und eine nicht immer gegebene Hausarztkonformität führen mitunter zu Zeit- und Ressourcenproblemen. Die Kooperation mit fachärztlichen Kolleg*innen im DMP-Kontext wird als verbesserungsbedürftig erlebt.

Schlussfolgerung
Die DMP sind inzwischen fester und breit akzeptierter Bestandteil in der hausärztlichen Versorgung chronischer Erkrankungen. Zugleich sollte weiter an der Optimierung der Programme gearbeitet werden, sodass diese noch unkomplizierter in der Primärversorgung Einsatz finden können. So wäre es günstig, Hausärzt*innen größere Handlungsspielräume zu eröffnen und den Dokumentations- und Verwaltungsaufwand zu reduzieren. Ein größeres, differenzierteres Angebot an Pflichtschulungen könnte helfen, die Delegationskomponente innerhalb von DMP zu stärken. Auch eine stärkere Einbeziehung von Hausärzt*innen im Prozess der DMP-Weiterentwicklung sollte ins Auge gefasst werden.
Universitäre Lehre partizipativ gestalten. Reflecting Teams zum Thema Inklusion in Arbeit
Authors: Fasching Helga , Hauer Nikolaus , Aigner Alexandra , Lindtner Katharina 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Darstellung und Reflexion einer partizipativ durchgeführten Lehrveranstaltung am Institut für Bildungswissenschaft der Universität Wien im Wintersemester 2022/23. Gemeinsam mit Expert*innen mit Behinderungserfahrungen wurde eine partizipative Lehrveranstaltung geplant, durchgeführt und reflektiert.

Ziel
Entlang grundlegender theoretischer Überlegungen zur Relevanz von partizipativer Forschung im Kontext von Inklusion führt der Beitrag in unsere konkreten Planungen partizipativer Lehre im Rahmen inklusiver Bildung und Forschung ein. Ziel ist es, das Potenzial partizipativer Lehre im universitären Rahmen hervorzuheben und zu diskutieren.

Methode
Im Beitrag wird der partizipativ-kooperative Planungsprozess der Lehrveranstaltung vorgestellt, wie auch die Durchführung in Orientierung an der systemischen Gruppenmethode des Reflecting Team (RT) nach Tom Andersen [1]. Die Gruppendiskussionen innerhalb von zwei Lehrveranstaltungseinheiten mit der Dauer von jeweils 4 h wurden schriftlich dokumentiert und ausgewertet.

Schlussfolgerung
Die dargestellten Ergebnisse geben zum einen Einblick in die Erzählungen der Expert*innen zu unterschiedlichen Aspekten von Inklusion im beruflichen Kontext. Zum anderen reflektiert der Beitrag die Durchführung von partizipativ gestaltetet Lehre im universitären Rahmen. Das Fazit ergibt sich aus den Reflexionen der Expert*innen zur partizipativ durchgeführten Lehre. Implikationen für die Praxis runden den Beitrag ab.
Phase Relations of the Sm–Ni–Al Ternary System at 800 °C in the 30–100 at.% Al Region
Authors: Delsante S. , Parodi N. , Novakovic R. , Borzone G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Sm–Ni–Al phase relationships at 800 °C have been investigated by using several well–focused experimental techniques such as X–Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), Light Optical Microscopy (LOM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Microprobe Analysis (EPMA). The isothermal section of the Sm–Ni–Al system at 800 °C was constructed according to the present experimental results. More than 50 alloys have been synthesized and characterized in the 30–100 at.% Al region. At 800 °C, 9 intermetallic phases have been confirmed, characterized and their relationships have been established. In the Al-rich corner, the presence of two ternary invariant reactions have been postulated whilst along the 16.67 at.% Sm isopleth, the presence of two structurally related extended solid solutions have been observed. The determined phase equilibria at 800 °C are discussed and compared with the isothermal section at 500 °C already reported in literature.
A Low-Rank Matrix Approach to Compute Polynomial Approximations of Smooth Two-Dimensional Functions
Authors: Lima Nilson J. , Matos José A. O. , Vasconcelos Paulo B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolynomial approximation of smooth functions is becoming increasingly important in fields like numerical analysis and scientific computing. These approximations are vital in models that rely on spectral methods. To reduce the memory costs for large dimensional problems, various methods to provide data-sparse representations have been proposed, including methods based on singular value decomposition, adaptive cross approximation, and matrices with hierarchical low-rank structures, to mention a few. This work presents implementation details on the polynomial approximation of univariate smooth functions through the class, and of bivariate smooth functions by low-rank matrix representation via the class. These approaches are explained within , a mathematical software library for solving integro-differential problems by the spectral Tau method.
The impact of expanded access programs for systemic anticancer therapy in an Irish cancer centre
Authors: Cronin Timothy K. , Ronayne Cian , O’Donovan Niamh , McGuinness Eimear , Cooke Katie , Dennehy Maeve , Dennehy Colum , Power Derek G. , Cahill Mary R. , Collins Dearbhaile C. , Connolly Roisin M. , Bambury Richard M. , Mykytiv Vitaliy , Higgins Michaela J. , Noonan Sinéad A. , O’Reilly Seamus 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Expanded access programs (EAPs) allow cancer patients with unmet clinical need to obtain access to pre-authorisation treatments. There is no standardised process for implementing these programs nationally, and real-world data on their impact is lacking.

Aims
This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of such EAPs and their impact in a cancer centre.

Methods
Data relating to adult cancer patients treated via EAPs from 2011 to 2021 in three Cork university hospitals was collated. Descriptive statistics were employed to get an overview of the impact these programs currently have on cancer care provision.

Results
We identified 193 patients who accessed EAPs during the study period, availing of 33 separate drugs for a total of 50 different cancer indications. The prevalence of EAP usage was shown to have been trending upwards in recent years with a total of 189 programs being accessed throughout the period. Drugs provided were from a number of different anti-cancer drug classes, particularly targeted therapies (n = 18) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (n = 17). Cancers from a wide range of both solid and liquid tumour types were treated with EAP drugs, and patients treated were from across a broad spectrum of ages (26–82, SD 11.99).

Conclusions
EAPs have an increasing role in accessing novel cancer therapies in our community and by extension nationally. Equity of EAP access would be facilitated by a national registry of available agents which we have established. Assessment of their benefits and toxicities would be enhanced by the requirement for a real-world database as a condition of EAP approval.
HPV overtakes smoking as the leading cause of oropharyngeal cancer in Ireland: experience of a head and neck surgery tertiary referral centre
Authors: Cleere Eoin F. , Murphy Josh , Crotty Thomas J. , Hintze Justin M. , Timon Conrad V. I. , Kinsella John , Fitzgerald Conall W. R. , Lennon Paul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Worldwide, the incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus, is increasing. This increase has yet to be demonstrated in an Irish cohort.

Aims
To evaluate the number of OPSCC presentations locally, to stratify cases by HPV status and to estimate if any changes in the patient population had occurred over a 10-year period.

Methods
A STROBE-compliant, retrospective evaluation of patients with OPSCC at St James’s Hospital between 2012 and 2022 was performed. Patients with non-SCC histology, undocumented HPV status and residual or recurrent tumours were excluded.

Results
We included 294 patients with a mean age of 60.4 years (95% CI 59.2–61.5 years) and 175 (59.5%) patients had HPV+ OPSCC. The number of new OPSCC diagnoses increased from 115 patients (39.1%) between 2012 and 2016 to 179 patients (60.9%) between 2017 and 2021. This was associated with an increased proportion of HPV-linked OPSCC (50.4% 2012–2016 vs. 65.4% 2017–2021, p = 0.011). Over time, more patients had a functionally limiting comorbidity (p = 0.011). The mean age of HPV+ OPSCC cases increased by 3.6 years (p = 0.019). Patients with HPV+ OPSCC had greater 2-year OS (83.9% vs. 54.9%; p < 0.001) and 2-year DFS (73.5% vs. 45.6%; p < 0.001). The 2-year OS and DFS did not change over time for HPV+ or HPV− patients.

Conclusions
In our institution, the number of patients with OPSCC is increasing due to an escalation in cases associated with HPV. Population-level interventions such as vaccination programs may alter the current increase in the incidence of these tumours.
Machine Learning Algorithms Versus Classical Regression Models in Pre-Eclampsia Prediction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tiruneh Sofonyas Abebaw , Vu Tra Thuan Thanh , Rolnik Daniel Lorber , Teede Helena J. , Enticott Joanne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurpose of ReviewMachine learning (ML) approaches are an emerging alternative for healthcare risk prediction. We aimed to synthesise the literature on ML and classical regression studies exploring potential prognostic factors and to compare prediction performance for pre-eclampsia.Recent FindingsFrom 9382 studies retrieved, 82 were included. Sixty-six publications exclusively reported eighty-four classical regression models to predict variable timing of onset of pre-eclampsia. Another six publications reported purely ML algorithms, whilst another 10 publications reported ML algorithms and classical regression models in the same sample with 8 of 10 findings that ML algorithms outperformed classical regression models. The most frequent prognostic factors were age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, chronic medical conditions, parity, prior history of pre-eclampsia, mean arterial pressure, uterine artery pulsatility index, placental growth factor, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A. Top performing ML algorithms were random forest (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–0.96) and extreme gradient boosting (AUC = 0.92, 95% CI 0.90–0.94). The competing risk model had similar performance (AUC = 0.92, 95% CI 0.91–0.92) compared with a neural network. Calibration performance was not reported in the majority of publications.SummaryML algorithms had better performance compared to classical regression models in pre-eclampsia prediction. Random forest and boosting-type algorithms had the best prediction performance. Further research should focus on comparing ML algorithms to classical regression models using the same samples and evaluation metrics to gain insight into their performance. External validation of ML algorithms is warranted to gain insights into their generalisability.
Asbestos exposure determined 357 days after death through autopsy: a report of a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Albano Giuseppe Davide , Rodolico Vito , Di Franco Simone , Re Giuseppe Lo , Midiri Mauro , Malta Ginevra , Cannizzaro Emanuele , Argo Antonina , Zerbo Stefania 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAsbestosis is an interstitial lung disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers and poses a significant risk to individuals working in construction, shipping, mining, and related industries. In a forensic context, postmortem investigations are crucial for accurate diagnosis, for which the gold standard is the histopathological examination. This case report describes the autopsy and related investigations conducted on an 84-year-old man, nearly one year (357 days) after his death. After a post-mortem CT scan, an autoptic investigation was performed, followed by histopathological, immunohistochemical, and scanning electron microscopy examinations. The integration of the evidence from these examinations with previously available personal and clinical information conclusively confirmed the diagnosis of asbestosis. We demonstrated the efficacy and reliability of our diagnostic protocol in detecting asbestosis and asbestos fibers and excluding mesothelioma even in decomposed tissues. According to our findings autopsy remains the diagnostic gold standard in cases of suspected asbestosis within a forensic context, even 1 year after death, therefore it is always highly recommended, even in cases where the body has decomposed.
Gastric ischemia as an under-reported cause of death in older people
Authors: Bonasoni Maria Paola , Pirani Filippo , Grimaldi Federica , Fais Paolo , Giorgetti Arianna , Pelotti Susi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAcute gastric ischemia is a rare condition due to the rich vascular supply of the stomach. Here we present a case of fatal gastric ischemia associated with bowel ischemia, only diagnosed at autopsy, which was requested for the suspicion of medical liability. A complete post-mortem examination was conducted, along with a macroscopic analysis of the superior mesenteric artery and detailed histological analyses. Past clinical data was also reviewed. The macroscopic blackish discoloration of the stomach and the bowel, coupled with the presence of neutrophils in the mucosa and submucosal non-occlusive thrombi, were consistent with gastric and bowel ischemia, despite the presence of confounding putrefactive changes. The unique aspect of this case resides in the ante-mortem peculiar vascularization of the stomach, supplied by small collateral vessels. No mechanical occlusion was identified, and the cause of the ischemia was deemed as non-occlusive, likely due to systemic hypoperfusion. The analysis of clinical data and documentation of associated comorbidities are strongly recommended, especially when a rare cause of death is suspected. With the aging population, especially among women, and the prevalence of risk factors, the forensic pathologist could increasingly encounter rare cases of gastric ischemia.
Bewältigung des Fachkräftemangels durch technologische Innovation?
Authors: Pottharst Bill , Neumann Alexander , Ostrau Christoph , Seelmeyer Udo 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht, wie technologische Innovationen die Soziale Arbeit beeinflussen und welche Auswirkungen neue Technologien auf den Bedarf an Fachkräften haben könnten. Dafür identifizieren wir sechs bereichsübergreifende Kerntätigkeiten der Sozialen Arbeit und setzen diese in Bezug zu potenziell disruptiven Technologien. Wir diskutieren, dass sich die Effekte neuer Ansätze der Datenverarbeitung, -vernetzung und -vermittlung nicht auf Rationalisierung und Arbeitsverdichtung beschränken lassen. Trotz der Substitutionspotenziale insbesondere neuer KI-Technologien kann komplexes, sozialarbeiterisches Handeln auch perspektivisch an vielen Stellen zwar unterstützt, aber nicht gleichwertig durch automatisierte Prozesse ersetzt werden. Aufgrund der steigenden Bedeutung technologischer Komponenten im Arbeitsprozess werden Einrichtungen der Sozialen Arbeit vermehrt Fachkräfte mit hoher Digital- und Datenkompetenz benötigen. Gleichzeitig können Sozialarbeiter_innen von neuen Freiräumen und Handlungsmöglichkeiten profitieren, die zu einem attraktiven und zukunftsorientierten Berufsbild beitragen, welches ggf. auch neue Zielgruppen für den Beruf anspricht.