bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel blockers of hyperpolarization‐activated current with isoform selectivity in recombinant cells and native tissue
Authors: Del Lungo Martina , Melchiorre Michele , Guandalini Luca , Sartiani Laura , Mugelli Alessandro , Koncz Istvan , Szel Tamas , Varro Andras , Romanelli Maria Novella , Cerbai Elisabetta 
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Selective hyperpolarization activated, cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel (HCN) blockers represent an important therapeutic goal due to the wide distribution and multiple functions of these proteins, representing the molecular correlate of f‐ and h‐current (If or Ih). Recently, new compounds able to block differentially the homomeric HCN isoforms expressed in HEK293 have been synthesized. In the present work, the electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of these new HCN blockers were characterized and their activities evaluated on native channels.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HEK293 cells expressing mHCN1, mHCN2 and hHCN4 isoforms were used to verify channel blockade. Selected compounds were tested on native guinea pig sinoatrial node cells and neurons from mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) by patch‐clamp recordings and on dog Purkinje fibres by intracellular recordings.KEY RESULTS In HEK293 cells, EC18 was found to be significantly selective for HCN4 and MEL57A for HCN1 at physiological membrane potential. When tested on guinea pig sinoatrial node cells, EC18 (10 µM) maintained its activity, reducing If by 67% at −120 mV, while MEL57A (3 µM) reduced If by 18%. In contrast, in mouse DRG neurons, only MEL57A (30 and 100 µM) significantly reduced Ih by 60% at −80 mV. In dog cardiac Purkinje fibres, EC18, but not MEL57A, reduced the amplitude and slowed the slope of the spontaneous diastolic depolarization.CONCLUSIONS Our results have identified novel and highly selective HCN isoform blockers, EC18 and MEL57A; the selectivity found in recombinant system was maintained in various tissues expressing different HCN isoforms.
Home Hemodialysis in the Remote Canadian North: Treatment in Manitoba Fly‐in Communities
Authors: Zacharias James , Komenda Paul , Olson Judy , Bourne Allison , Franklin Doug , Bernstein Keevin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractManitoba has the highest prevalence of ESRD in Canada. Northern Manitoba is a very sparsely settled area with a high proportion of aboriginal ESRD patients. Relocating to urban areas for dialysis is psychosocially and culturally stressful to patients. Delivering dialysis care in a home setting has demonstrated advantages in both clinical, economic, and health related quality of life domains. Establishing home hemodialysis in very remote communities has significant challenges, including poor and inadequate housing, unreliable water supply, limited community medical backup, and poor road access to communities especially for delivery of supplies. These challenges necessitate the development of strong community partnerships, and well documented processes for contingencies. A dedicated interdisciplinary support and training team at the urban hub is essential.
Personal viewpoint: Hemodialysis—Water, power, and waste disposal: Rethinking our environmental responsibilities
Authors: Agar John W. M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWhile medical health professionals are trained to detect, treat, and comfort, they are not trained to consider the environmental impact of the services they provide. Dialysis practitioners seem particularly careless in the use of natural resources—especially water and power—and seem broadly ignorant of the profound medical waste issues created by single use dialysis equipment. If the data we have collected is an indication, then extrapolation of this data to a dialysis population currently estimated at ∼2 million patients worldwide, a “world dialysis service” would use ∼156 billion liters of water and discard ∼2/3 of that during reverse osmosis. This waste occurs, despite the discarded water being high‐grade “gray water” of potable standard. The same world dialysis service would consume 1.62 billion kWh of power—mostly generated from coal and other environmentally damaging sources. Our world dialysis service, based on ∼2 kg of waste from each dialysis treatment, would generate ∼625,000 tonnes of plastic waste—waste that would be potentially reusable if simple sterilizing techniques were applied to it at the point of generation. Dialysis services must begin to explore eco‐dialysis potentials. The continued plundering of resources without considering reuse or recycling, exploration of renewable energy options, or the reduction of the carbon footprint of the dialysis process … is unsustainable. Sustainable dialysis practices should be a global goal in the coming decade.
Endogenous factors modified by hemodialysis may interfere with the accuracy of blood glucose‐measuring device
Authors: Ogawa Tomonari , Murakawa Masaya , Matsuda Akihiko , Kanozawa Koichi , Kato Hitoshi , Hasegawa Hajime , Mitarai Tetsuya 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn Japan, self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) devices are widely used both at home and in hospitals, but many analytical errors and safety concerns have been reported about the SMBG devices used in hospitals. Analytical performances of StatStrip (Nova Biomedical Corporation, MA, USA), a new point‐of‐care testing device and Glutest (Sanwa Chemical, Aichi, Japan), a routinely used SMBG device were compared in glucose measurement of pre‐ and postdialysis blood samples and we evaluated which factors in blood modified by hemodialysis affect accuracy of these devices. Subjects in this study were 44 hemodialysis patients. Blood samples were obtained from patients just before and just after the hemodialysis. Blood glucose concentrations of samples were measured by StatStrip and Glutest. Hematocrit and plasma concentrations of electrolytes, metabolites, etc. of the samples were measured in the central laboratory. StatStrip showed no difference between pre‐ and postdialysis blood samples and showed very little bias from reference method. On the other hand, Glutest showed difference between pre‐ and postdialysis samples. Although there is no problem in the data of predialysis blood samples by Glutest, however, these of the postdialysis blood samples by Glutest were >10% less than reference method. Factors in blood modified by hemodialysis such as hematocrit, uric acid, albumin, potassium, and calcium affected glucose readings by Glutest. Glucose readings by Glutest of samples from hemodialysis patients were affected by hematocrit and several factors, which were modified by hemodialysis. StatStrip is considered as a better device in dialysis hospitals.
Monitoring and blunting styles in fluid restriction consultation
Authors: Lindberg Magnus 
Published: November 2011

AbstractExcessive fluid overload is common in hemodialysis patients. Understanding fluid intake behavior in relation to used cognitive coping style would serve the fluid restriction consultation. The aim of this study was to explore whether hemodialysis patients' fluid intake behavior differs as a function of used coping style. Secondary analysis of data from 51 hemodialysis patients regarding cognitive coping style (assessed by the Threatening Medical Situations Inventory) and fluid intake behavior were used. The participants' mean age was 62.9 years (range 27–84), they had received dialysis treatment for 3.9 years on average (range 0–22), 63% were male and they had gained 3.6% (±1.3) of their dry body weight during the interdialytic period. There was a significant difference in fluid intake behavior between coping groups (F = 3.899, d.f. 2, P = 0.027). The difference (P = 0.028) was isolated between patients with cognitive blunting style and patients with neutral coping style. Identification of hemodialysis patients using cognitive avoidance strategies can be advantageous in renal care. Fluid advice provided may have to be adjusted to the used coping style, especially for patients with a blunting coping style. However, the findings need to be confirmed, and the effect of individualized counseling needs to be evaluated in forthcoming studies.
Neurolytic effects of ampicillin on the rat infraorbital nerve
Authors: Saulacic Nikola , Lombardi Tommaso , Stojcev‐Stajcic Ljiljana , Iizuka Tateyuki , Stajcic Zoran 
Published: November 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 268–271Purpose:  The aim of this study was to investigate the histomorphological changes of the infraorbital nerve of rats treated with ampicillin.Materials and Methods:  The infraorbital nerve was approached through the infraorbital foramen, and 0.01 ml of ampicillin dissolved in distilled water was injected taking care not to damage the nerve. Saline solution was used in control animals. Nerves were dissected and after routine histology processing analysed by light microscopy.Results:  Cross‐section of the nerve treated with ampicillin showed damaged axons with disintegration of heavily myelinated fibres, while thinly myelinated fibres remain unaffected. In the saline group, no damage was observed. The signs of regeneration of the damaged infraorbital nerves were detected on the fourth post‐operative week.Conclusion:  Ampicillin can cause peripheral nerve damage when injected perineurally.
Randomized trials for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome: an evidence‐based review of the literature
Authors: de Moraes Maiara , do Amaral Bezerra Bruna Aguiar , da Rocha Neto Pedro Carlos , de Oliveira Soares Ana Clara Azevedo , Pinto Leão Pereira , de Lisboa Lopes Costa Antonio 
Published: November 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 281–287Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as a chronic pain condition, characterized symptomatically by a generalized or localized burning sensation in the oral cavity. Various drugs have been used in attempting to treat BMS, but there is insufficient evidence to show the effect of any effective treatment. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of therapies for BMS. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling patients with a diagnosis of BMS were identified by searching Pubmed and Scoppus databases. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed on the basis of the method of allocation concealment, blindness of the study, loss of participants, size sample, and outcome concealment. A total of 12 relevant articles were analyzed. Therapies that used capsaicin, alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA), and clonazepam were those that showed more reduction in symptoms of BMS. However, many studies of therapeutic interventions in BMS lack consistency in their results, because they use in their methodology, sample and a relatively short time of therapy and often do not provide a follow‐up of patients treated. Thus, future studies are required to establish the treatment for patients suffering from this chronic and painful syndrome.
Non‐syndromic multiple supernumerary teeth: meta‐analysis
Authors: Alvira‐González Joaquín , Gay‐Escoda Cosme 
Published: November 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 361–366Background:  Non‐syndromic multiple supernumerary teeth (NSMST) is a condition with a very low prevalence and which is opportunely described in the literature by case reports or group of cases. This represents a problem when it comes to describing and discussing the characteristics of this disorder.Materials and Methods:  A search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, and Scopus databases to locate and identify cases and series of cases about articles on multiple supernumerary teeth not associated with syndromes that have been reported so far. The following data were recorded: age, gender, total number of supernumerary teeth, number of teeth in both the maxilla and mandible, respectively, and number of teeth in each dental series (incisor, canine‐premolar, and molar). Bilaterality in dental series and its localization in either maxilla or mandible were also determined.Results:  A total of 46 cases including patients of both genders with a mean age of 19 years (SD = 6.826) and a ratio of 2.14:1 were identified. A total of 393 supernumeraries were reported; 43.26% (n = 170) were located in the maxilla and 56.74% (n = 223) in the mandible. No significant differences were found between genders with respect to the total number, involvement of the dental series, or distribution of supernumerary teeth in each of the arches.Conclusion:  Although NSMST is a condition that has a higher incidence in the male gender, no differences have been found as to their number and localization in both genders. Bilaterality seems to be a common characteristic of this disorder.
Effect of cannabidiol on human gingival fibroblast extracellular matrix metabolism: MMP production and activity, and production of fibronectin and transforming growth factor β
Authors: Rawal S. Y. , Dabbous M. Kh. , Tipton D. A. 
Published: November 2011

Rawal SY, Dabbous MKh, Tipton DA. Effect of cannabidiol on human gingival fibroblast extracellular matrix metabolism: MMP production and activity, and production of fibronectin and transforming growth factor β. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 320–329. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) use may be associated with gingival enlargement, resembling that caused by phenytoin. Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychotropic Cannabis derivative, is structurally similar to phenytoin. While there are many reports on effects of phenytoin on human gingival fibroblasts, there is no information on effects of Cannabis components on these cells. The objective of this study was to determine effects of CBD on human gingival fibroblast fibrogenic and matrix‐degrading activities.Material and Methods:  Fibroblasts were incubated with CBD in serum‐free medium for 1–6 d. The effect of CBD on cell viability was determined by measuring activity of a mitochondrial enzyme. The fibrogenic molecule transforming growth factor β and the extracellular matrix molecule fibronectin were measured by ELISA. Pro‐MMP‐1 and total MMP‐2 were measured by ELISA. Activity of MMP‐2 was determined via a colorimetric assay in which a detection enzyme is activated by active MMP‐2. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Scheffe’s F procedure for post hoc comparisons.Results:  Cannabidiol had little or no significant effect on cell viability. Low CBD concentrations increased transforming growth factor β production by as much as 40% (p < 0.001), while higher concentrations decreased it by as much as 40% (p < 0.0001). Cannabidiol increased fibronectin production by as much as approximately 100% (p < 0.001). Lower CBD concentrations increased MMP production, but the highest concentrations decreased production of both MMPs (p < 0.05) and decreased MMP‐2 activity (p < 0.02).Conclusion:  The data suggest that the CBD may promote fibrotic gingival enlargement by increasing gingival fibroblast production of transforming growth factor β and fibronectin, while decreasing MMP production and activity.
cDNA cloning, genomic structure, molecular characterization and mRNA expression analysis of the Pekin duck interleukin‐10 receptor 1
Authors: Yao Q. , Fischer K. P. , Tyrrell D. L. , Gutfreund K. S. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryInterleukin‐10 (IL‐10) mediates its broad anti‐inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects through two cell surface receptors by which binding to the IL‐10 receptor 1 (IL‐10R1) is the initial step that leads to recruitment of IL‐10R2 and initiation of the ternary complex signal transduction cascade. The duck IL‐10R1 (duIL‐10R1) cDNA was obtained by using RT‐PCR and 5′RACE. The deduced 574 amino acid protein has an amino acid identity of 62%, 27% and 28% with chicken, mouse and human IL‐10R1, respectively. Comparison of the duIL‐10R1 cDNA with duck genomic sequences revealed a seven exon–six intron structure of the duck IL‐10R1 gene that shares a similar size with the respective exons 1–7 of the chicken and human IL‐10R1 genes, but the avian genes are more compact. Promoter analysis identified putative binding sites for regulatory elements such as CCAAT enhancer binding protein‐α, specificity protein 1 (Sp1), nuclear factor 1 (NF1), transcriptional regulatory protein Oct‐1, nuclear factor (NF) κB and interferon‐stimulated gene factor‐3 (ISGF‐3). A canonical TATA box was absent in proximity of the transcription initiation site, but a CpG island was present. Sequence analysis of the predicted duIL‐10R1 protein revealed characteristic features of class‐II cytokine receptors (CFR2) family members and a considerable degree of conservation of residues implicated in ligand binding across higher vertebrates. The predicted secondary structure of the duIL‐10R1 extracellular domain is compatible with the two‐subdomain structure of the human IL‐10R1 protein established by its crystal structure. The 3D model structure shows conservation of the positions of conserved contact residues within four of the five ligand‐binding loops. Within the cytoplasmic domain, residues implicated in signal transduction were conserved including two redundant peptide motifs GYXXQ essential for recruitment and activation of STAT3. DuIL‐10R1 mRNA expression was most abundant in spleen, thymus, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lung. Mitogen stimulation of PBMCs transiently increased duIL‐10R1 mRNA expression. Our observations suggest significant evolutionary conservation of the IL‐10R1 genomic organization, protein structure and receptor function through the JAK/STAT signalling pathway across higher vertebrates.
Bio‐mitigation of carbon following afforestation of abandoned salinized farmland
Authors: Sochacki Stanley J. , Harper Richard J. , Smettem Keith R. J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAs the global demand for food continues to increase, the displacement of food production by using agricultural land for carbon mitigation, via either carbon sequestration, bioenergy or biofuel is a concern. An alternative approach is to target abandoned salinized farmland for mitigation purposes. Australia, for example, has 17 million ha of farmland that is already or could become saline. At a representative, salinized, low rainfall (350 mm yr−1) site at Wickepin, Western Australia, we demonstrate that afforestation can mitigate carbon emissions through either providing a feedstock for bioenergy or second generation biofuel production and produce salt‐tolerant fodder for livestock. A range of factors markedly affect this mitigation. These include hydrological conditions such as salinity, site factors such as slope position and soil properties and a range of silvicultural factors such as species, planting density and age of the planting. High density (2000 stems ha−1) plantings of Eucalyptus occidentalis Endl. produced a mean total biomass of 4.6 t ha−1 yr−1 (8.5 t CO2‐e ha−1 yr−1) averaged over 8 years. Atriplex nummularia Lindl. produced a mean total biomass of 3.8 t ha−1 yr−1 (6.9 t CO2‐e ha−1 yr−1) averaged over 4 years and approximately 1.9 t ha−1 yr−1 of edible dry matter annually to 8 years of age. With differences in salt tolerance between E. occidentalis and A. nummularia, we propose an integrated approach to treating salinized sites that takes salinity gradients into account, replicates natural wetland ecosystems and produces both fodder and biomass. Continued mitigation is expected as the stands mature, assuming that growth is not affected by the accumulation of salt in the soil profile. Such carbon mitigation could potentially be applied to salinized farmland globally, and this could thus represent a major contribution to global carbon mitigation without competing with food production.
Environmental influences on virus–host interactions in an Australian subtropical reservoir
Authors: Säwström Christin , Pollard Peter 
Published: November 2011

SummaryViral and prokaryotic interactions in freshwaters have been investigated worldwide but there are few temporal studies in the tropics and none in the sub‐tropics. In this 10‐month study, we examined temporal changes in virus–host interactions and viral life cycles (lytic versus lysogenic) in relation to the prevailing environmental conditions in a subtropical water reservoir (Wivenhoe) in southeast Queensland, Australia. Heterotrophic prokaryotes and picocyanobacteria were positively correlated with concentrations of viruses throughout the study, indicating the presence of both bacteriophages and cyanophages in the reservoir. The percentage of heterotrophic prokaryotes and picocyanobacteria containing intracellular viruses (FVIC) ranged between 0.2% and 2.4% and did not vary significantly over the 10‐month study, whereas lysogenic heterotrophic prokaryotes were only detected in the drier months of June and July. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the oxidative‐reduction potential (ORP) of the water reservoir influenced the concentrations of viruses, heterotrophic prokaryotes and picocyanobacteria significantly, with low ORP offering a favourable environment for these components. There was a negative relationship between FVIC and rainfall suggesting the associated run‐off altered virus–host interactions. Overall, our study provides novel information and inferences on how virus–host interactions in subtropical freshwaters might respond to changes in precipitation predicted to occur with global climate change.
Mucus thickness in the gastrointestinal tract of laboratory animals
Authors: Varum Felipe J O , Veiga Francisco , Sousa João S , Basit Abdul W 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to systematically assess the mucus thickness in the gastrointestinal tract of laboratory animals commonly used in preclinical studies.

Methods
Mucus thickness was studied post-mortem in the rat, rabbit and pig, using cryosections stained by the modified periodic acid Schiff/Alcian blue method.

Key findings
The mucus thickness in the fundus region of the stomach was higher in the pig (190.7 ± 80.7 µm) than in the rabbit (155.1 ± 85.8 µm) and the rat (31.3 ± 11.4 µm). However, along the small intestine (ileum), mucus was thicker in the rabbit (147.8 ± 115.6 µm), followed by the pig (53.8 ± 22.1 µm) and the rat (34.1 ± 14.9 µm). This rank order was also observed in the ascending colon.

Conclusions
Inter-species variability in mucus thickness along the gut was demonstrated and suggests that the pig resembles more closely the mucus pattern of humans. This may be highly relevant when preclinical animal models are used in drug absorption studies or in the development of oral mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.
Augmentative effect of spinosin on pentobarbital-induced loss of righting reflex in mice associated with presynaptic 5-HT1A receptor
Authors: Wang Li-En , Zhang Xue-Qiong , Yin Yan-Qi , Zhang Yong-He 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigated whether spinosin potentiates pentobarbital-induced loss of righting reflex (LORR) in mice via 5-HT1A receptors.

Methods
Our primary endpoint for sedation was LORR. In addition, the basal rectal temperature was measured.

Key findings
The results demonstrated that the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT (s.c.) induced reductions in duration of LORR at 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg (P &lt; 0.01), and prolongation of LORR latency at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg (s.c., P &lt; 0.01) in pentobarbital (45 mg/kg, i.p.)-treated mice. This effect of 8-OH-DPAT was antagonized either by 5-HT1A antagonist p-MPPI (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or by spinosin (15 mg/kg, i.g.) with significance, respectively. Co-administration of spinosin and p-MPPI both at ineffective doses (spinosin at 5.0 mg/kg, i.g. and p-MPPI at 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) showed significant augmentative effects in reducing latency to LORR, and increasing LORR duration (P &lt; 0.01) in pentobarbital-treated mice. On the other hand, spinosin inhibited 8-OH-DPAT-induced hypothermia, which has been generally attributed to the activation of somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors in mice.

Conclusions
Based on our previous results and the present data, it should be presumed that presynaptic 5-HT1A autoreceptor mechanisms may be involved in the inhibitory effect of spinosin on 8-OH-DPAT-induced hypothermia and also in the potentiating effect of spinosin on pentobarbital-induced LORR in mice.