bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting pain and disability in patients with hand fractures: Comparing pain anxiety, anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing
Authors: Keogh Edmund , Book Katrin , Thomas James , Giddins Grey , Eccleston Christopher 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTThere is a range of anxiety‐related constructs associated with pain and pain‐related disability. Those most often examined are pain catastrophizing, pain anxiety and anxiety sensitivity. All three are conceptualized to be important in the development and maintenance of chronic pain, and are included within fear avoidance models. Surprisingly these constructs are not routinely examined together, and when they are, have been investigated in healthy individuals using experimental techniques or patients with chronic conditions. Although these constructs are also thought to be important in acute clinical pain, they tend not to been examined together in the same study. The focus of the current research was therefore to examine these three anxiety‐related constructs in an acute pain setting, and examine their relative influence on both pain and pain‐related functional disability. Participants were 82 patients with a hand fracture, recruited from a fracture clinic at a general hospital. They completed a battery of measures related to anxiety, pain and disability. Once controlling for injury‐related variables, catastrophizing was found to predict current pain, pain‐related anxiety predicted task‐related pain, whereas anxiety sensitivity was (negatively) associated with disability. These findings are discussed in light of the relative role that these anxiety‐related constructs have in pain and disability, as well as implications for future research.
The Fauna of Jubaland
Authors: Ward John N. , Sorrell David S. 
Published: September 2009

The object of these notes is to give a record of the wild life living in the Lower Juba area of Somalia, and to assist visitors to Jubaland in finding the haunts of the various animals described. The writers do not presume to lay down the methods of identifying these animals because more knowledgeable authors have already done this elsewhere.The Lower Juba is that area which was the Administrative District of Kismayu under the recent British occupation. It extends from Ghesgud to Dujuma on the left bank of the Juba River, and contains all the land between the right bank of the river and the Kenya border from Ras Ciamboni to Dif, lying south of a line Dif-Dujuma (see map).
The Fauna of Tristan da Cunha
Authors: Elliott H. F. I. 
Published: September 2009

The Faunal List of Tristan is thus so far as at present known made up as follows:—For a small group of islands inhabited by people of European stock for over 125 years, the record of only one species rendered extinct (and that survived by an almost indistinguishable cousin) is better than average and should be easily maintained provided—(a) the idea of properly “farming” birds is firmly inculcated into the islanders. Abstention from exploitation of scarcer species should be easy so long as the adequate provisioning of the island can be maintained.
The Canadian Wildlife Service—its Functions and Scope
Authors: Lewis Harrison F. 
Published: September 2009

The Canadian Wildlife Service is a Division of the National Parks Branch, Department of Resources and Development. It deals with wild life questions coining within the jurisdiction of the Federal Government of Canada, except certain matters handled by the National Museum and some other matters closely related to Indian Affairs. Its responsibilities may be grouped in the following items:—To advise the National Parks Service and to co-operate with it in dealing with fish and wild life problems in the National Parks of Canada.
The National Park of Gorongoza
Authors: de Alcantara Mario 
Published: September 2009

“Gorongoza is, without any doubt, one of the most marvellous wild life sanctuaries in the world. The variety and abundance of animals is wonderful. Nobody should let slip an opportunity of seeing this place where old Africa has been safely preserved.”These were the words of admiration which Mr. Victor Cahalane, chief biologist of the United States National Parks Department, entered in the visitors' book after his visit to the Gorongoza Park.
The Requirements of a Conservation Programme
Authors: Serventy V. N. 
Published: September 2009

A good conservation programme may be considered under four headings,The need for modern and flexible legislation.Control of reserves.Policy formulation.The enlistment of public sympathy.The need for modern and flexible legislation.—The first essential is legislation to protect fauna from destruction either by farmers or “sportsmen”. In Western Australia we have almost model legislation along these lines. There is “blanket” protection for all mammals and birds, while provision has been made for some to be declared unprotected should all the circumstances warrant it. In other words the long-established privilege of human beings in English countries to be considered innocent until proven guilty, has been extended to these two major groups of animals. Reptiles are still outside this “blanket”, though some species have been given safety, but by and large, this legislation can be considered satisfactory. Yet a negative attitude to conservation is scarcely sufficient; there is the question of preserving the habitat. Without this, many species must inevitably disappear.
The Roe Deer
Authors: Fooks H. A. 
Published: September 2009

Roe deer have been called the “Fairies of the Woods” and their elfish charm and graceful movements certainly bear out this name. Even when found living in the proximity of man, they never lose their shyness in the same way as would the red or fallow under the same circumstances.In spring and summer their coats are a foxy red unrelieved by any other colour except on the lips, which arc black with a white patch near the corners of the mouth and a patch of yellowish hair on the target (the rump). Although they actually have a tail, this is not visible; yet many old prints and some modern drawings as well, show them with tails which would not shame a fallow.
Four Rare Indian Animals
Authors: Gee E. P. 
Published: September 2009

Until 1952 there was no agency in India directly concerned with the preservation of the country's wild life, and the Forest Departments of the various States were only able to extend a limited measure of protection within certain of the reserved forests under their jurisdiction.At the end of 1952 the constitution of the Indian Board for Wild Life, consisting of non-officials as well as of officials, to advise the Central Government in New Delhi, was an important step forward in nature conservation in India. It was followed within a very short time by the constitution of State Wild Life Boards in nearly all the States of the Indian Union. By now several States also possess separate Wild Life Departments, within the Forest Department, concerned solely with the preservation of wild life.
Wild Life Flash Photography
Authors: Kitchener H. J. 
Published: September 2009

For some twenty odd years I have been a photographer of wild life in the Malayan jungle with some measure of success in the daylight field. But not until eighteen months ago did I turn my attention to night photography—after watching a large sambar stag, hind and fortnight-old fawn one moonlight night from a hide near a salt lick.My cameras are an Agiflex III, 2¼ × 2¼, with a 24 cm. tele lens and a 35 mm. Kine Exakta VX with a 13·5 cm. tele lens. These cameras are used side by side on a brass bar which is fitted on to a turn-tilt head on a very heavy solid tripod. The tripod is firmly established at one observation window of the hide. At the other window two flashguns are mounted either on tripods or posts driven into the ground. A third flashgun— an extension unit from one of the two main flashguns—is mounted on a post at the corner of the hide some 8 feet away from the cameras and 6 feet above them.
Saving North America's Endangered Species
Authors: Lincoln Frederick C. 
Published: September 2009

This is a brief report on some of the birds and mammals that are, or have been, on the endangered list and which, in whole or in part, are under the jurisdiction of the United States Government. It describes the position up to June 30, 1958.Species that apparently have been lost for ever include the ivory-billed woodpecker, Campephilus principalis, and the Eskimo curlew, Numenius borealis. It is believed that the last ivory-billed woodpecker was seen by a biologist of the Fish and Wildlife Service on what is known as the “Singer Tract” in northern Lousiana in 1944. Within recent years, reports have been received that there were a few of these birds in some remote swamps in northern Florida. Careful investigation by qualified ornithologists failed to confirm these reports and the refuge set up for their intended protection has been abandoned.* There has not been an authentic record of the Eskimo curlew since 1945, when two were rather reliably reported from Galveston Island, Texas.
Monophyly of marsupial intraerythrocytic apicomplexan parasites from South America and Australia
Authors: MERINO SANTIAGO , MARTÍNEZ JAVIER , VÁSQUEZ RODRIGO A. , ŠLAPETA JAN 
Published: September 2009

SUMMARYIntraerythrocytic parasites (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) of the South American mouse opossum (Thylamys elegans) from Chile, South America, and of the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) from Australia were found to be monophyletic using SSU rDNA and partial LSU rDNA sequences. Phylogenetic reconstruction placed both species within the family Sarcocystidae. These intraerythrocytic parasites of marsupials represent an as yet unnamed genus predicted to have bisporocystic oocysts and tetrazoic sporocysts, which is a characteristic feature of all members of the family Sarcocystidae. These results show that erythrocytic parasites share a common ancestor and suggest co-evolution with their vertebrate host.
How vocabulary size in two languages relates to efficiency in spoken word recognition by young Spanish–English bilinguals
Authors: MARCHMAN VIRGINIA A. , FERNALD ANNE , HURTADO NEREYDA 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTResearch using online comprehension measures with monolingual children shows that speed and accuracy of spoken word recognition are correlated with lexical development. Here we examined speech processing efficiency in relation to vocabulary development in bilingual children learning both Spanish and English (n=26 ; 2 ; 6). Between-language associations were weak: vocabulary size in Spanish was uncorrelated with vocabulary in English, and children's facility in online comprehension in Spanish was unrelated to their facility in English. Instead, efficiency of online processing in one language was significantly related to vocabulary size in that language, after controlling for processing speed and vocabulary size in the other language. These links between efficiency of lexical access and vocabulary knowledge in bilinguals parallel those previously reported for Spanish and English monolinguals, suggesting that children's ability to abstract information from the input in building a working lexicon relates fundamentally to mechanisms underlying the construction of language.
ChemAxiom – An Ontological Framework for Chemistry in Science
Authors: Adams Nico , Cannon Edward , Murray-Rust Peter 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe present ChemAxiom as the first ontological framework for chemistry in science. ChemAxiom enables discourse about chemical objects in a computable language and is useful for the management of chemical concepts and data, the retrospective typing of resources, the identification of ambiguity and supports chemical text mining.
Class I Rab11‐family interacting proteins are binding targets for the Rab14 GTPase
Authors: Kelly Eoin E. , Horgan Conor P. , Adams Christine , Patzer Tomasz M. , Shúilleabháin Deirdre M. Ní , Norman Jim C. , McCaffrey Mary W. 
Published: September 2009

Background information. Rab11 and Rab14 are two related Rab GTPases that are believed to function in endosomal recycling and Golgi/endosome transport processes. We, and others, have identified a group of proteins that interact with Rab11 and function as Rab11 effectors, known as the Rab11‐FIPs (family interacting proteins). This protein family has been sub‐classified into two groups—class I FIPs [FIP2, RCP (Rab coupling protein) and Rip11 (Rab11‐interacting protein)] and class II FIPs (FIP3 and FIP4).Results. In the present study we identify the class I FIPs as dual Rab‐binding proteins by demonstrating that they also interact with Rab14 in a GTP‐dependent manner. We show that these interactions are specific for the class I FIPs and that they occur via their C‐terminal regions, which encompass the previously described RBD (Rab11‐binding domain). Furthermore, we show that Rab14 significantly co‐localizes with the TfnR (transferrin receptor) and that Rab14 Q70L co‐localizes with Rab11a and with the class I FIPs on the ERC (endosomal recycling compartment) during interphase. Additionally, we show that during cytokinesis Rab14 localizes to the cleavage furrow/midbody.Conclusions. The data presented in the present study, which identifies the class I FIPs as the first putative effector proteins for the Rab14 GTPase, indicates greater complexity in the Rab‐binding specificity of the class I FIP proteins.
Regulation of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) function via plasmin-mediated proteolytic cleavage
Authors: Poon Ivan K. H. , Olsson Anna-Karin , Hulett Mark D. , Parish Christopher R. 
Published: September 2009

The plasminogen/plasmin system is involved in a variety of normal physiological and pathological processes, including tissue remodelling, angiogenesis and tumour metastasis. Plasminogen activators and receptors for plasminogen/plasminogen activators are essential for the processing of plasminogen to form the active serine protease plasmin. Plasmin can in turn positively or negatively regulate further plasminogen activation via plasminmediated cleavage of receptors and activators. HRG (histidine-rich glycoprotein), a relatively abundant (approx. 100–150 μg/ml) plasma glycoprotein, has a multi-domain structure that can interact with many ligands, including Zn2+, heparin, HS (heparan sulfate) and plasminogen. HRG has been shown to function as an adaptor molecule to tether plasminogen to GAG (glycosaminoglycan)-bearing surfaces and to regulate plasminogen activation via various mechanisms. As HRG itself is sensitive to plasmin cleavage, the present study examines in detail the cleavage of human HRG by plasmin and the effect of this cleavage on various functions of HRG. HRG fragments, generated by plasmin cleavage, are held together by disulfide linkages and are not released from the molecule under non-reducing conditions. Plasmin-mediated cleavage partially inhibited HRG binding to cell surface HS, but enhanced HRG binding to necrotic cells and to plasminogen. However, both intact and plasmin-cleaved HRG enhanced the binding of plasminogen to heparin-coated surfaces to a similar extent. Furthermore, the presence of heparin, Zn2+ or acidic pH was found to protect HRG from plasmin cleavage. Thus proteolytic cleavage of HRG by plasmin may provide a feedback mechanism to regulate the effects of HRG on the plasminogen/plasmin system and other functions of HRG.
Relationship between circulating progenitor cells, vascular function and oxidative stress with long-term training and short-term detraining in older men
Authors: Witkowski Sarah , Lockard Michael M. , Jenkins Nathan T. , Obisesan Thomas O. , Spangenburg Espen E. , Hagberg James M. 
Published: September 2009

Exercise may contribute to the maintenance of vascular function via enhanced liberation and action of bone-marrow-derived progenitor cells. Activity related changes in oxidative stress may also influence the number and function of these cells. In the present study, we sought to determine (i) whether adaptations in reactive hyperaemic FBF (forearm blood flow) response associated with long-term endurance exercise and short-term detraining were related to resting putative progenitor cell number and function, and (ii) whether oxidative stress affected these factors. Participants included men with a history of more than 30 years of moderate-to-high-intensity exercise (HI group) and healthy low-active age- and BMI (body mass index)-matched control subjects (LO group). Vascular reactive hyperaemic FBF response, resting CD34+ and CD34+/VEGFR2+ (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2+] cell number, CFU-EC (colony-forming unit-endothelial cell) count and CFU-EC senescence were evaluated. Oxidative stress measures included OxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and TAC (total antioxidant capacity). These measures were assessed following 10 days of detraining in the HI group. The HI group had greater peak reactive hyperaemic FBF responses compared with the LO group, despite no difference in resting CD34+ cell number, CD34+/VEGFR2+ cell number, CFU-EC colonies or CFU-EC senescence. With detraining in the HI group, CD34+ cells declined 44%, and the percentage change in CD34+/VEGFR2+ cells was positively correlated with the change in FBF response to reactive hyperaemia. The percentage change in CD34+/VEGFR2+ cells and the percentage change in EPC (endothelial progenitor cell) senescence with detraining were related to the percentage change in TAC. These results reveal that changes in reactive hyperaemic FBF are closely related to activity dependent dynamic changes in CD34+/VEGFR2+ cell number, which may be influenced by alterations in oxidative stress.
Physical activity and sedentary behaviours in youth: Data from three Central‐Eastern European countries
Authors: Biddle Stuart J. H. , Soos Istvan , Hamar Pal , Sandor Iosif , Simonek Jaromir , Karsai Istvan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractLimited data are available on the active and sedentary behaviours of young people in Eastern Europe. Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia are relatively new members of the European Union. The socioeconomic status of the people of these countries differs from that of their Western European counterparts. These three countries are understudied in respect of physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns in youth. Ecological momentary assessment was employed for data collection among 13‐ to 18‐year‐old students (n=623). A 3 (socioeconomic status)×3 (country)×2 (gender) multivariate analysis of variance, with physical activity, technological sedentary behaviour, and sedentary socializing behaviour as dependent variables, showed that for weekday behaviours there were significant multivariate main effects for country (P<0.001) and gender (P<0.001), but not for socioeconomic status (P>0.05). Slovakia showed greater technological sedentary behaviours than the other two countries. Romania and Slovakia had higher physical activity levels than Hungary. Boys spent more time than girls on technological sedentary behaviours, while girls spent more time than boys on socializing sedentary behaviours on weekdays and weekends (P<0.001). For weekend behaviours, the country×gender interaction was significant (P<0.046), with the highest rates of technological sedentary behaviours for males in Slovakia and Hungary, with lower figures for girls in these countries and particularly for boys and girls in Romania. There was a significant multivariate main effect for country (P<0.001), with fewer technological sedentary behaviours in Romania than the other two countries. Hungarian youth were less active than Romanian youth. These three Eastern European countries show quite high levels of sedentary behaviours but these co‐exist with varying physical activity patterns. Values differ by country and gender.
Evaluation of pre‐game hydration status, heat stress, and fluid balance during professional soccer competition in the heat
Authors: Aragón‐Vargas Luis Fernando , Moncada‐Jiménez José , Hernández‐Elizondo Jessenia , Barrenechea Alvaro , Monge‐Alvarado María 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this study, we assessed initial hydration status (stadium arrival urine specific gravity), fluid balance (pre‐ and post‐game nude body weight, fluid intake, urine collection), and core temperature changes (pre‐game, half‐time, post‐game) during a professional soccer game. We monitored 17 male players (including goalkeepers) between arrival at the stadium and the end of the game (3 h), playing at 34.9°C and 35.4% relative humidity, for an average wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) heat stress index of 31.9°C. Data are reported as mean±standard deviation (range). Initial urine specific gravity was 1.018±0.008 (1.003–1.036); seven players showed urine specific gravity ≥ 1.020. Over the 3 h, body mass loss was 2.58±0.88 kg (1.08–4.17 kg), a dehydration of 3.38±1.11% body mass (1.68–5.34% body mass). Sweat loss was 4448±1216 ml (2950–6224 ml) versus a fluid intake of 1948±954 ml (655–4288 ml). Despite methodological problems with many players, core temperatures ≥ 39.0°C were registered in four players by half‐time, and in nine players by the end of the game. Many of these players incurred significant dehydration during the game, compounded by initial hypohydration; thermoregulation may have been impaired to an extent we were unable to measure accurately. We suggest some new recommendations for soccer players training and competing in the heat to help them avoid substantial dehydration.
Stress appraisals, coping, and coping effectiveness among international cross‐country runners during training and competition
Authors: Nicholls Adam R. , Levy Andrew R. , Grice Adam , Polman Remco C. J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe aims of this study were to explore: (a) stressors (including intensity of the feelings that the appraisal of each stressor generated and control of the stressor) and coping strategies on training and competition days; (b) the relationship between stressor intensity and stressor control; (c) the relationship between stressor intensity and stressor control with coping effectiveness; and (d) the relationship between coping effectiveness and coping automaticity. Participants were 10 elite Caucasian cross‐country athletes who maintained a stressor and coping diary for 6 weeks. Results revealed that the runners experienced diverse stressors and used different coping strategies on training and competition days. Stressors were significantly more intense on competition days. Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between stressor intensity and stressor control, and a negative correlation between stressor intensity and coping effectiveness. These results support the notion that stressors and coping are situation‐specific variables. Applied practitioners could thus devise situation‐specific coping interventions to maximize coping effectiveness.