bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cortical and subcortical connections of V1 and V2 in early postnatal macaque monkeys
Authors: Baldwin Mary K.L. , Kaskan Peter M. , Zhang Bin , Chino Yuzo M. , Kaas Jon H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractConnections of primary (V1) and secondary (V2) visual areas were revealed in macaque monkeys ranging in age from 2 to 16 weeks by injecting small amounts of cholera toxin subunit B (CTB). Cortex was flattened and cut parallel to the surface to reveal injection sites, patterns of labeled cells, and patterns of cytochrome oxidase (CO) staining. Projections from the lateral geniculate nucleus and pulvinar to V1 were present at 4 weeks of age, as were pulvinar projections to thin and thick CO stripes in V2. Injections into V1 in 4‐ and 8‐week‐old monkeys labeled neurons in V2, V3, middle temporal area (MT), and dorsolateral area (DL)/V4. Within V1 and V2, labeled neurons were densely distributed around the injection sites, but formed patches at distances away from injection sites. Injections into V2 labeled neurons in V1, V3, DL/V4, and MT of monkeys 2‐, 4‐, and 8‐weeks of age. Injections in thin stripes of V2 preferentially labeled neurons in other V2 thin stripes and neurons in the CO blob regions of V1. A likely thick stripe injection in V2 at 4 weeks of age labeled neurons around blobs. Most labeled neurons in V1 were in superficial cortical layers after V2 injections, and in deep layers of other areas. Although these features of adult V1 and V2 connectivity were in place as early as 2 postnatal weeks, labeled cells in V1 and V2 became more restricted to preferred CO compartments after 2 weeks of age. J. Comp. Neurol., 2012;520:544–569. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Vertebrate mesolimbic reward system and social behavior network: A comparative synthesis
Authors: O'Connell Lauren A. , Hofmann Hans A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAll animals evaluate the salience of external stimuli and integrate them with internal physiological information into adaptive behavior. Natural and sexual selection impinge on these processes, yet our understanding of behavioral decision‐making mechanisms and their evolution is still very limited. Insights from mammals indicate that two neural circuits are of crucial importance in this context: the social behavior network and the mesolimbic reward system. Here we review evidence from neurochemical, tract‐tracing, developmental, and functional lesion/stimulation studies that delineates homology relationships for most of the nodes of these two circuits across the five major vertebrate lineages: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and teleost fish. We provide for the first time a comprehensive comparative analysis of the two neural circuits and conclude that they were already present in early vertebrates. We also propose that these circuits form a larger social decision‐making (SDM) network that regulates adaptive behavior. Our synthesis thus provides an important foundation for understanding the evolution of the neural mechanisms underlying reward processing and behavioral regulation. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:3599–3639, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
QoS‐aware replica placement for grid computing
Authors: Wu Jan‐Jan , Shih Shu‐Fan , Wang Hsiangkai , Liu Pangfeng , Wang Chien‐Min 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we consider the QoS‐aware replica placement problem. Although there has been much research on the problem, most approaches focus on the average system performance and ignore the quality assurance issue. However, quality assurance is crucial, especially in heterogeneous environments. To fill this research gap, we proposed four heuristic algorithms to determine the locations of replicas in order to satisfy the quality requirements imposed by data requests. Three of the algorithms are greedy heuristics called Greedy‐Cover, Cover‐Partition and Multi‐Source. The fourth algorithm is based on the Simulated Annealing technique. Our experiment results indicated that Greedy‐Cover and the Simulated Annealing‐based algorithms can find effective solutions efficiently. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis via an organic molten salt solvent route and characterization of PbS nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Jianjun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper, four petals flowers‐like and quasi sphere‐like PbS nanostructures were successfully synthesized by an environment friendly organic molten salt solvent (OMSS) route at 200 °C, with different sulfur sources, e.g. thiourea and sodium thiosulfate, respectively. The as‐synthesized products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), UV–vis absorption spectrum and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, respectively. It was shown that four petals flowers‐like and quasi sphere‐like PbS nanocrystals were formed. It was also demonstrated that the morphologies of PbS nanocrystals were significantly influenced by different sulfur sources. The ultraviolet‐visible absorption peaks of PbS nanocrystals exhibited a large blue‐shift and the luminescence spectra had strong and broad emission bands centered at 488 nm and 492 nm. The possible formation mechanisms of the PbS nanostructures were discussed. The organic molten salt solvent (OMSS) method is preferable for synthesizing high‐quality PbS nanocrystals. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural and optical properties of CdO nanowires synthesized from Cd(OH)2 precursors by calcination
Authors: Eskizeybek V. , Avcı A. , Chhowalla M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCdO nanowires were produced by calcination process using Cd(OH)2nanowires as precursors. The Cd(OH)2 nanowires were synthesized via arc discharge method submerged in de‐ionized water. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the as‐synthesized Cd(OH)2 nanowires revealed that nanowire morphology was abundant form with the diameters range from 5 to 40 nm. In addition to the nanowire morphology, Cd(OH)2 nanospheres and hexagonal shaped nanoparticles were also displayed. The Cd(OH)2 nanostructures were used as precursors to produce CdO nanowires and calcinated in air at 400 °C for four hours. After calcination, the structural, morphological and optical properties of the as‐synthesized CdO nanowires were characterized by means of TEM, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and UV‐vis spectroscopy. The XRD and SAED techniques showed that the as‐synthesized Cd(OH)2 nanostructures could be transformed into CdO nanostructures after the calcination process. TEM results revealed that the as‐synthesized CdO nanowires were 5–30 nm in diameter and shorter than corresponding Cd(OH)2 nanowires. In addition, the diameters of the spherical or irregular CdO nanoparticles ranged from 20 nm to 50 nm. UV‐vis spectroscopy analysis was showed that the direct gap of the CdO nanowires were found to be 2.60 eV which is slightly higher than the earlier reported values of the bulk CdO for direct band gaps (2.3 eV) due to quantum size effect. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Recyclable Tertiary Amine Modified Diarylprolinol Ether as Aminocatalyst for the Sequential Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclohexanes and Chromenes
Authors: Shen Hao , Yang Ke‐Fang , Shi Zi‐Hui , Jiang Jian‐Xiong , Lai Guo‐Qiao , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe one‐pot, organocatalytic Hayashi sequential reaction (HSR) of β‐nitroacrylate, aldehyde, toluenethiol, and ethyl 2‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)acrylate allowed the synthesis of almost stereoisomerically pure, highly functionalized polysubstituted cyclohexanes with very high diastereo‐ and enantio‐selectivity (up to > 99 % ee). The one‐pot synthesis consists of the tertiary amine modified diarylprolinol silyl ether‐mediated asymmetric Michael reaction, a domino Michael reaction/Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction, and a sulfa‐Michael reaction. In addition, we have also demonstrated an improved protocol for the domino oxa‐Michael/aldol reaction of salicyladehydes with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with recyclable tertiary amine‐modified diarylprolinol silyl ether 3d as an effective organocatalyst, which results in the formation of chiral chromenes with good enantioselectivities (up to 94 % ee). UV/Vis and CD spectroscopy provide a cross‐validation method to elucidate the slight difference between electron‐withdrawing 3d and diphenylprolinol silyl ether 3a, which can give indirect evidence for the enhancement of enantioselective induction with 3d in the above transformations.
1‐(Arylalkenyl)pyrenes – Synthetic, Structural, Photophysical, Theoretical, and Electrochemical Investigations
Authors: Sharif Muhammad , Reimann Sebastian , Wittler Kai , Knöpke Leif R. , Surkus Annette‐E. , Roth Christian , Villinger Alexander , Ludwig Ralf , Langer Peter 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAs a new approach for tuning the electronic properties of pyrene derivatives, we converted 1‐bromopyrene into different substituted styrenes using the Mizoroki–Heck reaction. Several 1‐(arylalkenyl)pyrenes have been characterized and their electronic properties studied by absorption and emission spectroscopy. The effect of the electronic ambience on the emission spectra of these compounds is discussed. Amongst the intramolecular influences, such as electron donating or withdrawing groups, other influences in the form of solvatochromatism are considered. Electrochemical oxidation potentials determined by DPV (differential pulse voltammetry) are discussed with regard to substituent effects. The fine structure of the absorbance spectra obtained from photophysical measurements is compared with theoretical calculations performed by time dependent B3LYP DFT (TD‐DFT) methods using the 6‐31G* basis set. In this context, we discuss the calculated potential energy surfaces and geometric structures with regard to the substitution pattern of the pyrenes.
A promising capillary electrophoresis–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry method for carbohydrate analysis
Authors: Maxwell E. Jane , Ratnayake Chitra , Jayo Roxana , Zhong Xuefei , Chen David D. Y. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA method for adapting widely used CE conditions for the separation of fluorescently labeled carbohydrates to permit online ESI‐MS detection is presented. Reverse polarity separations were performed in bare fused‐silica capillaries with an acidic BGE. Under these conditions, negatively charged 8‐aminopyrene 1,3,6‐trisulfonate‐labeled carbohydrates migrate forward against the EOF, which is towards the capillary inlet. Therefore, the CE‐MS interface must simultaneously back‐fill the capillary, in order to maintain the CE circuit, and provide a stable forward flow at the sprayer tip to support the electrospray process. This was achieved using a junction‐at‐the‐tip interface, which provides a flow of solution to the junction formed by the capillary terminus and the inner wall of the emitter needle tip. Because the flow rate required for this arrangement is much less than in conventional sheath flow interfaces, dilution of the analytes is minimized. Optimized separation conditions permit baseline resolution of glucose oligomers containing up to 15 glucose units, while longer oligomers, up to 33 glucose units, were observed as resolved peaks in the negative ion mode mass spectrum.
Capillary electrophoresis–electrochemiluminescence detection method for the analysis of ibandronate in drug formulations and human urine
Authors: Huang Yu‐Shan , Chen Shun‐Niang , Whang Chen‐Wen 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA simple, rapid and sensitive CE method coupled with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection for direct analysis of ibandronate (IBAN) has been developed. Using a buffer solution of 20 mM sodium phosphate (pH 9.0) and a voltage of 13.5 kV, separation of IBAN in a 30‐cm length capillary was achieved in 3 min. ECL detection was performed with an indium tin oxide working electrode bias at 1.6 V (versus a Pt wire reference) in a 200‐mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) containing 3.5 mM Ru(bpy)32+ (where bpy=2,2′‐bipyridyl). Derivatization of IBAN prior to CE‐ECL analysis was not needed. Linear correlation (r=0.9992, n=7) between ECL intensity and analyte concentration was obtained in the range of 0.25–50 μM IBAN. The LOD of IBAN in water was 0.08 μM. The developed method was applied to the analysis of IBAN in a drug formulation and human urine sample. SPE using magnetic Fe3O4@Al2O3 nanoparticles as the extraction phase was employed to pretreat the urine sample before CE‐ECL analysis. The linear range was 0.2–12.0 μM IBAN in human urine (r=0.9974, n=6). The LOD of IBAN in urine was 0.06 μM. Total analysis time including sample preparation was <1 h.
The alluvial history and sedimentary record of the Priiskovoe site and its place in the Paleolithic prehistory of Siberia
Authors: Buvit Ian , Terry Karisa , Kolosov Viktor K. , Konstantinov Mikhail V. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe Priiskovoe site in the Transbaikal Region of Siberia has long been considered one of the most ancient examples of the area's Middle Paleolithic. Priiskovoe and many other regional Paleolithic sites are part of a sequence of alluvial sediments found on or close to valley floor environments. We present several key pieces of evidence to suggest that Priiskovoe and its chipped‐stone assemblage are Upper Paleolithic in age. We examine the depositional history of the Selenga and Chikoi rivers and assess Priiskovoe's stratigraphy, geomorphology, and geochronology to argue that the Paleolithic component is dated around 26,000 14C yr B.P. within a thick buried soil ascribed to the Karginsk Interstadial. We then analyze the lithic material to conclude that the artifacts are characteristically Upper Paleolithic in terms of regional raw material selection, tool frequencies, and core reduction. Although several sites in the Transbaikal are potentially Middle Paleolithic contenders, Priiskovoe is best considered part of Siberia's Upper Paleolithic tradition. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surrogates, meta‐analysis and cost‐effectiveness modelling: a combined analytic approach
Authors: Hawkins Neil , Richardson Gerry , Sutton Alex J , Cooper Nicola J , Griffiths Chris , Rogers Anne , Bower Peter 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYEstimates of cost‐effectiveness analyses are typically obtained either directly from ‘trial’ based analyses or indirectly via surrogate endpoints in ‘model’ based analyses. Data from clinical trials that include both surrogate and final endpoints can be used in a joint analysis that combines these two approaches. This joint approach allows the inclusion of information regarding the effects of treatment on surrogate endpoints while relaxing the strong assumption of ‘conditional independence’ associated with indirect model‐based analyses. An example cost‐effectiveness analysis of Chronic Disease Self‐Management Programme is used to compare the different approaches. It is shown that despite using a common data set, the different analytic approaches produce differing estimates of the cost‐effectiveness of the intervention and the value of future research. The paper concludes by discussing the selection of the appropriate analytic approach. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Connective tissue growth factor autocriny in human hepatocellular carcinoma: Oncogenic role and regulation by epidermal growth factor receptor/yes-associated protein–mediated activation
Authors: Urtasun Raquel , Latasa Maria U. , Demartis Maria I. , Balzani Stella , Goñi Saioa , Garcia-Irigoyen Oihane , Elizalde Maria , Azcona Maria , Pascale Rosa M. , Feo Francesco , Bioulac-Sage Paulette , Balabaud Charles , Muntané Jordi , Prieto Jesus , Berasain Carmen , Avila Matias A. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

The identification of molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of the transformed phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells is essential for the elucidation of therapeutic strategies. Here, we show that human HCC cells display an autocrine loop mediated by connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) that promotes DNA synthesis and cell survival. Expression of CTGF was stimulated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands and was dependent on the expression of the transcriptional coactivator, Yes-associated protein (YAP). We identified elements in the

CTGF

gene proximal promoter that bound YAP-enclosing complexes and were responsible for basal and EGFR-stimulated CTGF expression. We also demonstrate that YAP expression can be up-regulated through EGFR activation not only in HCC cells, but also in primary human hepatocytes. CTGF contributed to HCC cell dedifferentiation, expression of inflammation-related genes involved in carcinogenesis, resistance toward doxorubicin, and

in vivo

HCC cell growth. Importantly, CTGF down-regulated tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 2 expression and was involved in the reduced sensitivity of these cells toward TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.

Conclusion:

We have identified autocrine CTGF as a novel determinant of HCC cells' neoplastic behavior. Expression of CTGF can be stimulated through the EGFR-signaling system in HCC cells in a novel cross-talk with the oncoprotein YAP. Moreover, to our knowledge, this is the first study that identifies a signaling mechanism triggering YAP gene expression in healthy and transformed liver parenchymal cells. (Hepatology 2011)
Development of squamous neoplasia in esophageal iodine‐unstained lesions and the alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes of Japanese alcoholic men
Authors: Yokoyama Akira , Hirota Teruyuki , Omori Tai , Yokoyama Tetsuji , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Matsui Toshifumi , Mizukami Takeshi , Mori Shuka , Sugiura Hitoshi , Maruyama Katsuya 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe investigated the development of esophageal neoplasia in biopsy specimens of the distinct iodine‐unstained lesions (DIULs) ≥5 mm detected in 280 of 2,115 Japanese alcoholic men who underwent screening by esophageal iodine staining. Low‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) was diagnosed in 155 of them, high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) in 57, and invasive SCC in 35. The size of the DIULs increased with the degree of neoplasia. Most LGINs were flat and were missed before iodine staining. Some DIULs became a light pink color (PC) about 2 min after staining, and 2.6, 56.1 and 96.0% of the LGIN, HGIN and invasive SCC lesions, respectively, were PC‐sign‐positive. Multiple DIULs of any size markedly increased the risk of LGIN [adjusted OR (95%CI) = 10.1 (7.12–14.5)], HGIN [27.9 (14.6–53.4)] and invasive SCC [21.6 (10.1–46.4)], and were strongly associated with the presence vs. absence of DIULs ≥ 5 mm [13.3 (9.21–19.1)], inactive heterozygous aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2*1/*2) vs. ALDH2*1/*1 [2.60 (1.79–3.78)], and less‐active alcohol dehydrogenase‐1B (ADH1B*1/*1) vs. ADH1B*2 allele [2.61 (1.87–3.64)]. The combination of ALDH2*1/*2 and ADH1B*1/*1 synergistically increased the risk of LGIN [4.53 (2.17–9.47)], HGIN [10.4 (4.34–24.7)] and invasive SCC [21.7 (7.96–59.3)]. Esophageal neoplasia developed at earlier ages in those with ALDH2*1/*2. Biopsy‐proven HGIN was diagnosed as invasive SCC in 15 (39.5%) of 38 patients after endoscopic mucosectomy or surgery. In conclusion, large size, non‐flat appearance, positive PC sign and multiplicity of DIULs and ALDH2*1/*2 and ADH1B*1/*1 were associated with development of esophageal neoplasia in Japanese alcoholics. Biopsy‐proven HGIN should be totally resected for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Vaccination‐induced functional competence of circulating human tumor‐specific CD8 T‐cells
Authors: Baumgaertner Petra , Jandus Camilla , Rivals Jean‐Paul , Derré Laurent , Lövgren Tanja , Baitsch Lukas , Guillaume Philippe , Luescher Immanuel F. , Berthod Gregoire , Matter Maurice , Rufer Nathalie , Michielin Olivier , Speiser Daniel E. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractT‐cells specific for foreign (e.g., viral) antigens can give rise to strong protective immune responses, whereas self/tumor antigen‐specific T‐cells are thought to be less powerful. However, synthetic T‐cell vaccines composed of Melan‐A/MART‐1 peptide, CpG and IFA can induce high frequencies of tumor‐specific CD8 T‐cells in PBMC of melanoma patients. Here we analyzed the functionality of these T‐cells directly ex vivo, by multiparameter flow cytometry. The production of multiple cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL‐2) and upregulation of LAMP‐1 (CD107a) by tumor (Melan‐A/MART‐1) specific T‐cells was comparable to virus (EBV‐BMLF1) specific CD8 T‐cells. Furthermore, phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT5 and ERK1/2, and expression of CD3 zeta chain were similar in tumor‐ and virus‐specific T‐cells, demonstrating functional signaling pathways. Interestingly, high frequencies of functionally competent T‐cells were induced irrespective of patient's age or gender. Finally, CD8 T‐cell function correlated with disease‐free survival. However, this result is preliminary since the study was a Phase I clinical trial. We conclude that human tumor‐specific CD8 T‐cells can reach functional competence in vivo, encouraging further development and Phase III trials assessing the clinical efficacy of robust vaccination strategies.
Ten‐year survival among HIV‐1‐infected subjects with AIDS or non‐AIDS‐defining malignancies
Authors: Spagnuolo Vincenzo , Galli Laura , Salpietro Stefania , Gianotti Nicola , Guffanti Monica , Cossarini Francesca , Bigoloni Alba , Cinque Paola , Bossolasco Simona , Travi Giovanna , Fumagalli Luca , Lazzarin Adriano , Castagna Antonella 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFew data are available regarding the 10‐year survival among subjects with HIV and cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 10‐year survival of HIV‐infected subjects with AIDS‐defining malignancies (ADM) or non‐AIDS‐defining malignancies (NADM). This was a single center, retrospective, observational study of subjects with HIV infection and a subsequent cancer diagnosis; the data were collected from January 1991 to April 2010. Malignancies were divided into ADM or NADM on the basis of the Centre of Diseases Control‐1993 classification. Survival curves were estimated using Kaplan–Meyer method and compared by the log‐rank test. Six hundred and fifteen (9.5%) of the 6,495 subjects recorded in the San Raffaele Infectious Diseases Database developed a malignancy: 431 (70%) an ADM and 184 (30%) a NADM. In the case of ADM, survival was more favorable when cancer was diagnosed during post‐highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era (10‐year survival: 43.2% ± 4.4%) than when diagnosed during the pre‐HAART era (10‐year survival: 16.4% ± 2.7%; log‐rank test: p < 0.001). The same was true in the case of NADM (10‐year survival: 44.7% ± 5.5% vs. 33.3 ± 9.6%; log‐rank test: p = 0.03). An evaluation of survival probability by cancer type showed higher survival rates during the post‐HAART era in the case of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (10‐year survival: 42.1% ± 5.3% vs. 11.4% ± 3.3%; log‐rank test: p = <0.001), Kaposi's sarcoma (10‐year survival: 44.0% ± 8.4% vs. 23.5% ± 3.9%; log‐rank test: p < 0.001) and Hodgkin's disease (10‐year survival: 49.5% ± 14.5% vs. 40.0% ± 12.7%; log‐rank test: p = 0.005). Despite the better cancer prognosis during the post‐HAART era, the 10‐year survival of HIV‐infected subjects with an ADM or NADM is poor.