bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative frozen section analysis of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients
Authors: Liu Liang‐Chih , Lang Julie E. , Lu Ying , Roe Denise , Hwang Shelley E. , Ewing Cheryl A. , Esserman Laura J. , Morita Eugene , Treseler Patrick , Leong Stanley P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Accurate intraoperative pathologic examination of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) has been an important tool that can reduce the need for reoperations in patients with SLN‐positive breast cancer. The objective of the current study was to determine the accuracy of intraoperative frozen section (IFS) of SLNs during breast cancer surgery.METHODS:The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 326 patients with breast cancer who underwent IF analysis of SLNs at a single institution. Then, they conducted a meta‐analysis that included 47 published studies of IFS of SLNs in patients with breast cancer.RESULTS:Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed metastasis in SLNs in 99 patients (30.4%), including 61 patients with macrometastasis (MAM) (>2 mm) (the MAM group) and 38 patients with micrometastasis (Mi) or isolated tumor cell (ITC) deposits (the Mi/ITC group). The overall sensitivity of the institutional series was 60.6% (60 of 99 patients), and overall specificity was 100% (227 of 227 true negatives). The sensitivity of IFS was significantly lower in the Mi/ITC group (28.9%) than in the MAM group (80.3%; P < .0001). According to the meta‐analysis of published studies and data from the author's institution (47 studies, for a total of 13,062 patients who underwent SLN dissection with IFS of SLNs), the mean sensitivity was 73%, and the mean specificity was 100%. The mean sensitivity was 94% for the MAM group and 40% for the Mi/ITC group.CONCLUSIONS:IFS of SLNs was more reliable for detecting MAM than for detecting Mi/ITC deposits. It lacked sufficient accuracy to rule out Mi/ITC deposits. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
NHC‐Mediated Chlorination of Unsymmetrical Ketenes: Catalysis and Asymmetry
Authors: Douglas James , Ling Kenneth B. , Concellón Carmen , Churchill Gwydion , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Andrew D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNHCs promote the efficient chlorination of unsymmetrical disubstituted ketenes with a range of chlorinating agents; chiral NHCs display promising levels of asymmetric induction in the chlorination process with up to 61 % ee observed using 2,3,4,5,6,6‐hexachlorocyclohexa‐2,4‐dienone.
The DNA damage response—Repair or despair?
Authors: Ljungman Mats 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe term “the DNA damage response” (DDR) encompasses a sophisticated array of cellular initiatives set in motion as cells are exposed to DNA‐damaging events. It has been known for over half a century that all organisms have the ability to restore genomic integrity through DNA repair. More recent discoveries of signal transduction pathways linking DNA damage to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis have greatly expanded our views of how cells and tissues limit mutagenesis and tumorigenesis. DNA repair not only plays a pivotal role in suppressing mutagenesis but also in the reversal of signals inducing the stress response. If repair is faulty or the cell is overwhelmed by damage, chances are that the cell will despair and be removed by apoptosis. This final fate is determined by intricate cellular dosimeters that are yet to be fully understood. Here, key findings leading to our current view of DDR are discussed as well as potential areas of importance for future studies. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new computation model of fractured horizontal well coupling with reservoir
Authors: Lian P. Q. , Cheng L. S. , Cui J. Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBased on Green's functions and Newman's product principle, pressure drop formula was derived for considering simultaneous production of fractures and horizontal wellbore in unsteady state. A reservoir/fractured horizontal well coupling model is developed for finite conductivity condition that can be solved by the combination of quasi‐Newton method and PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm. The solution of a practical example shows that lots of factors can affect the productivity of the fractured horizontal well. The number of the fractures has an optimizing range. Different fractures have different flow rates and the production in the central fracture is the lowest. The distribution of production rate in the wellbore has a wave‐like shape due to the influence of fractures. The closer fractures are the lower flow rate in well segments. Considering the horizontal wellbore production, the production rates in the fractures are asymmetric and the corresponding pressure drop curve is smoother. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of collision‐partner selection schemes on the accuracy and efficiency of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method
Authors: Gallis M. A. , Torczynski J. R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe effect of the collision‐partner selection scheme on the accuracy and the efficiency of the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method is investigated. Several schemes that reduce the mean collision separation, including the fixed sub‐cell scheme, the transient adaptive sub‐cell scheme, and the virtual sub‐cell scheme, are evaluated. Additionally, a new scheme is proposed that limits the population from which collision partners are selected based on the distance traveled by a simulator and performs near‐neighbor collisions using this population. These collision‐partner selection schemes are assessed for Fourier flow (heat conduction between parallel plates) and a standard hypersonic benchmark problem (Mach 15.6 nitrogen flow over a 25–55° biconic). The new limited‐selection near‐neighbor scheme has superior performance compared to the other schemes for both flows and reduces both the spatial and temporal discretization errors relative to random‐selection and nearest‐neighbor collision‐partner selection schemes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter 1 and myo-inositol are essential for osteogenesis and bone formation
Authors: Dai Zhijie , Chung Sookja K , Miao Dengshun , Lau Kam S , Chan Alfred WH , Kung Annie WC 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
myo-Inositol (MI) plays an essential role in several important processes of cell physiology, is involved in the neural system, and provides an effective treatment for some psychiatric disorders. Its role in osteogenesis and bone formation nonetheless is unclear. Sodium/MI cotransporter 1 (SMIT1, the major cotransporter of MI) knockout (SMIT1−/−) mice with markedly reduced tissue MI levels were used to characterize the essential roles of MI and SMIT1 in osteogenesis. SMIT1−/− embryos had a dramatic delay in prenatal mineralization and died soon after birth owing to respiratory failure, but this could be rescued by maternal MI supplementation. The rescued SMIT1−/− mice had shorter limbs, decreased bone density, and abnormal bone architecture in adulthood. Deletion of SMIT1 resulted in retarded postnatal osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation in vivo and in vitro. Continuous MI supplementation partially restored the abnormal bone phenotypes in adult SMIT1−/− mice and strengthened bone structure in SMIT1+/+ mice. Although MI content was much lower in SMIT1−/− mesenchymal cells (MSCs), the I(1,4,5)P3 signaling pathway was excluded as the means by which SMIT1 and MI affected osteogenesis. PCR expression array revealed Fgf4, leptin, Sele, Selp, and Nos2 as novel target genes of SMIT1 and MI. SMIT1 was constitutively expressed in multipotential C3H10T1/2 and preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and could be upregulated during bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)–induced osteogenesis. Collectively, this study demonstrated that deficiency in SMIT1 and MI has a detrimental impact on prenatal skeletal development and postnatal bone remodeling and confirmed their essential roles in osteogenesis, bone formation, and bone mineral density (BMD) determination. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Anticancer efficacy of Apo2L/TRAIL is retained in the presence of high and biologically active concentrations of osteoprotegerin in vivo
Authors: Zinonos Irene , Labrinidis Agatha , Lee Michelle , Liapis Vasilios , Hay Shelley , Ponomarev Vladimir , Diamond Peter , Findlay David M , Zannettino Andrew CW , Evdokiou Andreas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOsteoprotegerin (OPG) is a secreted member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily that binds to the ligand for receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANKL) and inhibits bone resorption. OPG can also bind and inhibit the activity of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL), raising the possibility that the anticancer efficacy of soluble Apo2L/TRAIL may be abrogated in the bone microenvironment where OPG expression is high. In this study we used a murine model of breast cancer growth in bone to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant soluble Apo2L/TRAIL against intratibial tumors that were engineered to overexpress native full-length human OPG. In vitro, OPG-overexpressing breast cancer cells were protected from Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis, an effect that was reversed with the addition of soluble RANKL or neutralizing antibodies to OPG. In vivo, mice injected intratibially with cells containing the empty vector developed large osteolytic lesions. In contrast, OPG overexpression preserved the integrity of bone and prevented breast cancer–induced bone destruction. This effect was due primarily to the complete absence of osteoclasts in the tibias of mice inoculated with OPG-transfected cells, confirming the biologic activity of the transfected OPG in vivo. Despite the secretion of supraphysiologic levels of OPG, treatment with Apo2L/TRAIL resulted in strong growth inhibition of both empty vector and OPG-overexpressing intratibial tumors. While Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis may be abrogated in vitro by OPG overexpression, the in vivo anticancer efficacy of recombinant soluble Apo2L/TRAIL is retained in the bone microenvironment even in the presence of biologically active OPG at supraphysiologic concentrations. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
CSF Aβ42 and tau in Parkinson's disease with cognitive impairment
Authors: Montine Thomas J. , Shi Min , Quinn Joseph F. , Peskind Elaine R. , Craft Suzanne , Ginghina Carmen , Chung Kathryn A. , Kim Hojoong , Galasko Douglas R. , Jankovic Joseph , Zabetian Cyrus P. , Leverenz James B. , Zhang Jing 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that the CSF biomarker signature associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is present in a subset of individuals with Parkinson's disease and Dementia (PD‐D) or with PD and Cognitive Impairment, Not Dementia (PD‐CIND). We quantified CSF Aβ42, total tau (T‐tau), and phospho‐tau (P181‐tau) using commercially available kits. Samples were from 345 individuals in seven groups (n): Controls ≤50 years (35), Controls >50 years (115), amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) (24), AD (49), PD (49), PD‐CIND (62), and PD‐D (11). We observed expected changes in AD or aMCI compared with age‐matched or younger controls. CSF Aβ42 was reduced in PD‐CIND (P < 0.05) and PD‐D (P < 0.01), whereas average CSF T‐tau and P181‐tau were unchanged or decreased. One‐third of PD‐CIND and one‐half of PD‐D patients had the biomarker signature of AD. Abnormal metabolism of Aβ42 may be a common feature of PD‐CIND and PD‐D. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Cerebellar dysfunction in progressive supranuclear palsy: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Authors: Shirota Yuichiro , Hamada Masashi , Hanajima Ritsuko , Terao Yasuo , Matsumoto Hideyuki , Ohminami Shinya , Tsuji Shoji , Ugawa Yoshikazu 
Published: September 2010

AbstractProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) rarely shows cerebellar signs and symptoms even though the cerebellar dentate nuclei are involved pathologically. This study evaluates cerebellar function using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to determine whether subclinical cerebellar involvement is present in PSP patients. We studied 11 patients with PSP, 11 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 10 age‐matched controls. Patients were examined with their usual medications and in their relative on state. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the hand muscle. Cerebellar function was evaluated using suppressive effects of TMS over the cerebellum on MEPs elicited by TMS over the contralateral motor cortex, which we call cerebellar inhibition (CBI). Interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 4 to 8 ms were used, and the time course of CBI was analyzed. The CBI was reduced in PSP patients. By contrast, the CBI was normal in PD patients in their on state. Although the CBI in their off state should be examined in future studies, the results described herein suggest that Purkinje cells or the dentato–thalamo–cortical pathway assessed by CBI is involved in PSP. Our results are compatible with the pathological findings showing severe dentate nucleus degeneration in PSP patients. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Carbidopa/levodopa pharmacy errors in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Khadem Nasim R. , Nirenberg Melissa J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOutpatient pharmacy errors are common, but little is known about their occurrence in Parkinson's disease (PD). We prospectively studied carbidopa/levodopa pharmacy errors in a cohort of PD outpatients. Over 1 year, pharmacy errors occurred in 8/73 (11%) subjects treated with this medication, producing adverse drug events (ADEs) in 7/8 (87.5%) and increased healthcare utilization in 6/8 (75%) cases. The most common errors were substitution of controlled‐release for immediate‐release carbidopa/levodopa 25/100 mg (5/8; 62.5%) or dispensation of the wrong carbidopa/levodopa dosage (2/8; 25%). All errors involved ongoing prescriptions, including three interpharmacy transfers. Three subjects (37.5%) questioned pharmacy staff about the change in appearance of the tablets, but the error was corrected in only 1/3 of these cases. Carbidopa/levodopa outpatient pharmacy errors are a common, preventable cause of morbidity and excessive healthcare utilization in PD. Education of healthcare providers, patients, and pharmacy staff is warranted to reduce these errors and associated ADEs. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Estimation of skeletal muscle energy metabolism in Machado‐Joseph disease using 31P‐MR spectroscopy
Authors: Yabe Ichiro , Tha Khin K. , Yokota Takashi , Sato Kazunori , Soma Hiroyuki , Takei Asako , Terae Satoshi , Okita Koichi , Sasaki Hidenao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine if muscle energy metabolism, as measured by 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a metabolic marker for the efficacy of treatment of Machado‐Joseph disease (MJD). We obtained 31P‐MRS in the calf muscle of 8 male patients with MJD and 11 healthy men before, during, and after a 4 minute plantar flexion exercise in a supine position. The data showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the PCr/(Pi + PCr) ratio at rest (P = 0.03) and the maximum rate of mitochondrial ATP production (Vmax) (P < 0.01). In addition, Vmax was inversely correlated with the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia score (r = −0.34, P = 0.04). The MJD group also showed a reduction in Vmax over the course of 2 years (P < 0.05). These data suggest that this noninvasive measurement of muscle energy metabolism may represent a surrogate marker for MJD. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Bone Metastases: Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Papachristou Dionysios J. , Basdra Efthimia K. , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt has been long recognized that skeleton represents one of the most favored metastatic sites for common cancers like breast and prostate. During the last decade the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the development of bone metastasis have been gradually illuminated. It appears that the bone microenvironment has a pivotal role in this process. Metastatic tumor cells interact with bone triggering a cascade of molecular events that produce osteolytic and/or osteoblastic phenomena. In this review, we summarize and discuss the most significant factors and signaling pathways implicated in bone colonization. Moreover, based on the recent literature and data, we foresee the need for designing novel agents that will efficiently disrupt these interactions among cancer cells and bone microenvironment, bringing hope for more effective treatments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 32, No. 3, 611–636, 2012
High efficient n‐type back‐junction back‐contact silicon solar cells with screen‐printed Al‐alloyed emitter and effective emitter passivation study
Authors: Gong Chun , Singh Sukhvinder , Robbelein Jo , Posthuma Niels , Van Kerschaver Emmanuel , Poortmans Jef , Mertens Robert 
Published: September 2010

AbstractN‐type back‐junction back‐contact (BJ–BC) silicon solar cells have been successfully introduced in industry by Sunpower with efficiencies up to 23.4% and are being investigated by several research groups. For such n‐type bulk Si solar cells, the formation of the p+ emitter is still an issue. A traditional method is boron diffusion, which needs high temperature processes to form the emitter and to remove the silicate glass boron skin. In recent years, people have shown excellent results on n‐type front contact rear junction cells with a screen‐printed Al‐alloyed emitter. In this work, we demonstrate the use of such emitters on n‐type BJ–BC silicon solar cells. Different pitch sizes and emitter fractions have been studied. Clear trends of the short‐circuit current densities have been observed. Light beam induced current technique is used to investigate this phenomenon. Different front surface field (FSF) profiles were applied to our cells. The shallower FSF with a lower surface doping concentration results in lower front surface recombination, which results in the best cell performance. Efficiencies of 19.1% under 1 Sun on BJ–BC solar cells with an aperture area of 2 cm × 2 cm have been achieved on n‐type FZ and CZ silicon wafers. Good short‐circuit current densities and fill factors have been obtained. Compared to the boron‐diffused emitter BJ–BC solar cells, relatively low open‐circuit voltages were obtained. Better quality emitter with more effective cleaning process steps and passivation layers have been developed, to result in a further increase in cell efficiency in the future work. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution structure and function of YndB, an AHSA1 protein fromBacillus subtilis
Authors: Stark Jaime L. , Mercier Kelly A. , Mueller Geoffrey A. , Acton Thomas B. , Xiao Rong , Montelione Gaetano T. , Powers Robert 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe solution structure of theBacillus subtilisprotein YndB has been solved using NMR to investigate proposed biological functions. The YndB structure exhibits the helix‐grip fold, which consists of a β‐sheet with two small and one long α‐helix, forming a hydrophobic cavity that preferentially binds lipid‐like molecules. Sequence and structure comparisons with proteins from eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and archaea suggest that YndB is very similar to the eukaryote protein Aha1, which binds to the middle domain of Hsp90 and induces ATPase activity. On the basis of these similarities, YndB has been classified as a member of the activator of Hsp90 ATPase homolog 1‐like protein (AHSA1) family with a function that appears to be related to stress response. Anin silicoscreen of a compound library of ∼18,500 lipids was used to identify classes of lipids that preferentially bind YndB. Thein silicoscreen identified, in order of affinity, the chalcone/hydroxychalcone, flavanone, and flavone/flavonol classes of lipids, which was further verified by 2D1H‐15N HSQC NMR titration experiments withtrans‐chalcone, flavanone, flavone, and flavonol. All of these compounds are typically found in plants as precursors to various flavonoid antibiotics and signaling molecules. The sum of the data suggests an involvement of YndB with the stress response ofB. subtilisto chalcone‐like flavonoids released by plants due to a pathogen infection. The observed binding of chalcone‐like molecules by YndB is likely related to thesymbiotic relationship betweenB. subtilisand plants. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface plasmon waveguide Schottky detectors operating near breakdown
Authors: Olivieri Anthony , Akbari Ali , Berini Pierre 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSurface plasmon waveguide Schottky detectors were investigated experimentally at room temperature near junction breakdown. The detectors consist of an Au stripe on n‐Si forming a Schottky contact thereon and supporting strongly confined surface plasmons localised at the Au/Si interface. The detectors were excited by end‐fire coupling at λ0 = 1310 nm where the detection mechanism is the internal photoelectric effect. A ∼10× increase in responsivity was measured at strong reverse biases compared to no bias due to plasmon‐induced junction breakdown. A maximum responsivity of 2.35 mA/W is reported.magnified imageSurface plasmon waveguide Schottky detector(© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantifying suspended frazil ice using multi‐frequency underwater acoustic devices
Authors: Richard Martin , Morse Brian , Daly Steven F. , Emond Josée 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn intensive frazil ice field sampling campaign was undertaken at the Port of Quebec on the St. Lawrence River from February–March 2009. Two underwater acoustic instruments set at different frequencies of 420 and 1228.8 kHz were used to detect frazil ice in the water column. In this paper, frequency inversion methods are presented and subsequently applied to the observations to estimate frazil ice characteristics and concentration. Using inversion methods, most of the detected ice crystals had estimated radii of 0.06–0.18 mm. This range compares favourably to the estimated value of 0.20 mm obtained by analysing the Rouse number related to the vertical distribution of the frazil crystals. The results were in contrast to a previous study of frazil ice at another site in the St. Lawrence, which reported radii tens of times larger . The tiny crystals observed here were of similar size to those observed in laboratories (e.g. 0.09 mm), suggesting that the particles formed locally. Frequency analyses were also used to estimate the volumetric suspended frazil concentration, which appeared to be on the order of 6 ppm. Based on evidence suggested by the data and the volume backscattering coefficient at the two frequencies, this study also presents the complex sequence of processes that occurs during a typical supercooling frazil event. This paper concludes with future directions for research using acoustic instrumentation for further understanding of frazil ice dynamics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.