bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral shelf acetabuloplasty in the treatment of Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease: Improving mid-term outcome in severely deformed hips
Authors: Ghanem Ismat , Haddad Elias , Haidar Rachid , Haddad-Zebouni Suha , Aoun Noël , Dagher Fernand , Kharrat Khalil 
Published: November 2009

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lateral shelf acetabuloplasty in Legg–Calvé–Perthes (LCP) hips classically associated with poor prognosis. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 30 consecutive pediatric patients (average age 8.6 years) presenting with a severe and progressive form of LCP disease, with (16 hips) or without (14 hips) femoral varus osteotomy (FVO), and treated by lateral shelf acetabuloplasty. Shelf was done on hips presenting an aspherical incongruency with flattening, subluxation, and lack of femoral head coverage, as demonstrated on pre-operative radiographs and arthrography. All patients were reexamined at an average follow-up of 9.5 years (range 5.2–12 years). Clinical, radiological, and computed tomography scan evaluations were undertaken. Stulberg and Mose classifications were applied as radiological indicators of prognosis. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test and the Pearson correlation test with variance analysis for repetitive measures. Results At the last follow-up, all patients were pain free and had normal or almost normal hip motion. Twenty-seven patients are now able to walk normally or with a slight limp. Eighteen hips are classified as Stulberg 1 or 2, and 18 hips are classified as Mose 1 or 2. The average neck-shaft angle is 127°. A statistically significant improvement in the majority of radiographic parameters was found. There was no statistically significant worsening of leg length discrepancy following the procedure. The scanographic study found neither offset nor migration of the shelf in any of the hips. The average coronal and anteroposterior length of the shelf was 9.9 and 25 mm, respectively. A borderline positive correlation was found between Wiberg angle improvement and young age at the time of surgery. There was no statistically significant difference between hips that underwent shelf procedures alone and those in which it was combined with FVO. Conclusion Lateral shelf acetabuloplasty improves the outcome of hips with severe LCP. The combined procedure insures a better and lasting coverage and remodeling of the femoral head, while preserving acetabular roof growth.
The use of 2-octylcyanoacrylate (Dermabond®) for the treatment of nail bed injuries in children: Results of a prospective series of 30 patients
Authors: Langlois Jean , Thevenin-Lemoine Camille , Rogier Amélie , Elkaim Marc , Abelin-Genevois Kariman , Vialle Raphaël 
Published: November 2009

Purpose The use of 2-octylcyanoacrylate (OCA) has been evaluated for the treatment of nail bed injuries in adults. We propose to validate this technique in a continuous paediatric population of 30 children. Methods Patients with nail bed injuries associated with displaced fractures of the distal phalanx were excluded from the study. However, parcellar fractures of the tuft were included. After removal of the nail, wound detersion and anatomic positioning of the nail bed was done and maintained under the nail plate using a single dose of OCA. Follow-up evaluation was done at day 7 and 1 and 3 months. Results The mean delay between the trauma and the surgery was 13.5 h. The nail bed lesion was a single transversal wound in 27 cases. A pulpar wound was associated in 22 cases. At 3 months control (final follow-up), no pain or functional impairment was noted. The cosmetic result was excellent for the patient and his family in 30 out of 31 cases. It was excellent for the surgeon in 25 cases and good in six cases. Conclusions In the OCA technique, meticulous primary detersion and exact anatomic positioning of the damaged nail bed is mandatory before applying the cyanoacrylate adhesive. In our experience, we found that the OCA technique provided a fast and safe result in nail bed lesions. The final cosmetic appearance, function and patient satisfaction were good in our series. In these lesions, discomfort and inconvenience associated with suture removal could be avoided by the use of OCA.
Imagerie et fertilité, quelles conséquences pour l’andrologue ? Imagerie du scrotum vue par le radiologue
Authors: Puttemans T. 
Published: November 2009

RésuméL’échographie scrotale fournit à l’andrologue des informations iconographiques, susceptibles de changer fondamentalement la prise en charge du patient hypofertile. La recherche de signes d’obstruction canalaire, la détection de pathologies testiculaires infracliniques et l’évaluation de la perfusion testiculaire sont les véritables challenges pour le radiologue. L’échographie du contenu scrotal doit être proposée à tout patient qui consulte pour infertilité, au même titre que le bilan biologique et spermiologique, car elle oriente le diagnostic clinique, permet la détection de pathologie occulte et influence la stratégie thérapeutique.
Eventual regularization for the slightly supercritical quasi-geostrophic equation
Authors: Silvestre Luis 
Published: November 2009

We prove that weak solutions of the slightly supercritical quasi-geostrophic equation become smooth for large time. The proof uses ideas from a recent article of Caffarelli and Vasseur and is based on an argument in the style of De Giorgi.

Résumé
Dans cet article, nous montrons que les solutions faibles de l'équation quasi-géostrophique légèrement sur-critique deviennent régulières en temps grand. La démonstration utilise des idées d'un article récent de Caffarelli et Vasseur et repose sur un argument de type de De Giorgi.
Regularity of solutions for the critical N-dimensional Burgers' equation
Authors: Chan Chi Hin , Czubak Magdalena 
Published: November 2009

We consider the fractional Burgers' equation on

\mathbb{R}^{N}

with the critical dissipation term. We follow the parabolic De-Giorgi's method of Caffarelli and Vasseur and show existence of smooth solutions given any initial datum in

L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{N})

.

Résumé

Nous considérons l'équation de Burgers avec diffusion fractionnelle dans

\mathbb{R}^{N}

. Nous montrons l'existence de solutions globales regulières pour toute donnée initiale dans

L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{N})

, en utilisant une version parabolique de la méthode de De Giorgi introduite par Caffarelli et Vasseur.
Early exposure of cultured hippocampal neurons to excitatory amino acids protects from later excitotoxicity
Authors: Friedman Linda K. , Segal Menahem 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStatus epilepticus occurring in early postnatal development protects CA1 hippocampal neurons, the region most sensitive to seizure‐induced injury in the developing brain. Here, we developed a “two hit” model in dissociated cultures of the rat hippocampus to test whether pre‐exposure of immature neurons to high concentrations of glutamate, N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) or α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐propionic acid (AMPA) during a relatively resistant period prevents neurons from dying following a second exposure to the same chemicals after neurons mature and become highly vulnerable to excitatory amino acids (EAAs). Cultures were exposed to varied doses of glutamate, NMDA, or AMPA for 48 h at 5 DIV and again at 14 DIV for 5, 15, or 30 min. NeuN immunohistochemistry showed early exposure to glutamate (500 μM) killed approximately half of the neurons (52 ± 8.6%) compared to the marked depletion that occurs after one exposure at 14 DIV (98 ± 0.79%). When cultures were first challenged with moderate doses of glutamate (200 μM) followed by the high dose 7 days later, a significant population of neurons was spared (35.3 ± 1.2%). Similarly, pre‐exposure to maximal doses of NMDA (100 μM) increased the proportion of surviving cells following the second challenge. In contrast, AMPA (100 μM) was equally toxic after early or late applications and did not protect from the second exposure. GluR1 subunit expression was markedly decreased at 48 h after one or two exposures to 200 μM glutamate (by 44.57 ± 3.6%, 45.07 ± 3.69%) whereas GluR2 subunit expression was reduced by a lesser amount (25.7 57 ± 3.8%). Confocal microscopy showed that one or two exposures to NMDA caused GluR2 protein to downregulate even further whereas parvalbumin (PV) was dramatically increased in the same neurons by over four‐fold. On the other hand, calbindin (CB) immunoreactivity was nearly absent after the first exposure to 500 μM glutamate. These data indicate that early, transient exposure to certain EAAs at high doses can induce long‐lasting neuroprotection. Alterations in the GluR1/GluR2 ratio as well as differential expression of specific calcium binding proteins may contribute to this neuroprotection.
Hyperhomocysteinemia reduces glutamate uptake in parietal cortex of rats
Authors: Matté Cristiane , Mussulini Ben Hur M. , dos Santos Tiago M. , Soares Flávia M.S. , Simão Fabrício , Matté Aline , de Oliveira Diogo L. , Salbego Christianne G. , Wofchuk Susana T. , Wyse Angela T.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn the present study we evaluated the effect of acute and chronic homocysteine administrations on glutamate uptake in parietal cortex of rats. The immunocontent of glial glutamate transporter (GLAST) and sodium‐dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLT‐1) in the same cerebral structure was also investigated. For acute treatment, neonate or young rats received a single injection of homocysteine or saline (control) and were sacrificed 1, 8, 12 h, 7 or 30 days later. For chronic treatment, homocysteine was administered to rats twice a day at 8 h interval from their 6th to their 28th days old; controls and treated rats were sacrificed 12 h, 1, 7 or 30 days after the last injection. Results show that acute hyperhomocysteinemia caused a reduction on glutamate uptake in parietal cortex of neonate and young rats, and that 12 h after homocysteine administration the glutamate uptake returned to normal levels in young rats, but not in neonate. Chronic hyperhomocysteinemia reduced glutamate uptake, and GLAST and GLT‐1 immunocontent. According to our results, it seems reasonable to postulate that the reduction on glutamate uptake in cerebral cortex of rats caused by homocysteine may be mediated by the reduction of GLAST and GLT‐1 immunocontent, leading to increased extracellular glutamate concentrations, promoting excitotoxicity.
ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF ADOLESCENTS FROM TWO AMAZONIAN ECOSYSTEMS: VARIATIONS ACCORDING TO SEASONALITY
Authors: SILVA HILTON P. , VEIGA GLORIA V. , KAC GILBERTO , PEREIRA ROSANGELA A. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThis paper aims to describe the nutritional status of Caboclo adolescents living in two areas of the Amazon Basin. Two cross-sectional studies, the first in the dry and the second in the wet season, were carried out in two Amazonian ecosystems: the forest and black water ecosystem, and the floodplain and white water ecosystem. Measurements of weight, stature, arm circumference and triceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds were performed on 247 adolescents (10–19 years of age). Nutritional status was classified using body mass index according to international criteria and the prevalence of underweight and overweight was estimated. Linear mixed effects models were used with the anthropometric measurements as dependent variables and time interval, place of residence, sex, age and stature variation as independent variables. During the wet season, the prevalence of overweight among girls was higher in the forest (42%) than in the floodplain (9%). Longitudinal linear regression models showed that the arm circumference measurement was influenced both by seasonality and location, revealing that the increment between dry and wet seasons was less pronounced in the floodplain. At the time of the study, overweight already constituted a major public health concern among girls living in the forest area. In order to develop adequate public health policies for this important segment of the Amazon population further studies are necessary to investigate the role of environment and seasonality on the growth and nutritional status of adolescents.
The politics of law enforcement in Nigeria: lessons from the war on drugs
Authors: Klantschnig Gernot 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThis article examines the institutional politics of law enforcement in Nigeria by focusing on illegal drug control since the mid 1980s. It assesses the available academic research on law enforcement governance, and contrasts it with an in-depth case study of drug law enforcement. The case study confirms views of the politicised nature of law enforcement. However, it goes beyond the patron–client centred approach to politics prevalent in the literature on African policing. The article adds an institutional dimension to the study of law enforcement governance, highlighting processes of centralisation, exclusion and shifting bureaucratic interests that have been central to the development of Nigerian drug law enforcement. It is based on previously inaccessible data from inside Nigerian drug law enforcement.
Becoming abwanaand burley tobacco in the Central Region of Malawi
Authors: Prowse Martin 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTSmallholders now grow most of Malawi's main export crop – burley tobacco. Based on nineteen months' fieldwork in the Central Region, this article offers a sociological interpretation of why some smallholder growers spend a proportion of burley income on conspicuous consumption in rural towns and trading centres. This practice can be seen as a form of inculcated behaviour whereby smallholders reproduce elements of one model of success in this region: that of the Malawian tobaccobwana(boss/master). The article discusses implications from this form of potlatch behaviour by describing the contrasting fortunes of two non-farm rural enterprises, examining data on how tobacco production and ‘cooling off’ is viewed by wives, and comparing the crop preferences of husbands and wives. It concludes by suggesting that the concept of conspicuous consumption may provide an alternative prism to the instrumental lens of neo-patrimonialism through which to view apparently unintelligible investment decisions in African economies.
Liberal outcomes through undemocratic means: the reform of theCode de statut personnelin Morocco
Authors: Cavatorta Francesco , Dalmasso Emanuela 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe 2004 reform of the family code in Morocco has been held as one of the most significant liberal reforms undertaken in the country, and has led scholars and policy makers to argue that this demonstrates the democratic progress Morocco and the King are making. At the same time, the role of the women's movement in getting the reform approved has seemingly confirmed that associational life is crucial in promoting democratisation. This paper, building on theoretical work questioning the linkage between a strong civil society and democratic outcomes, argues that civil society activism does not necessarily lead to democratisation, and may reinforce authoritarian practices. Far from demonstrating the centrality of civil society, the process through which the new family code was passed highlights the crucial institutional role of the monarch, whose individual decision-making power has driven the whole process. Authoritarianism finds itself strengthened in Morocco despite the liberal nature and outcome of the reform.
Study of the asymmetric magnetic field confining the plasma in an experimental ECR set-up
Authors: BARBARINO S. , CONSOLI F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe detailed description of the asymmetric magnetostatic field, used to confine a plasma in a typical electron cyclotron resonance set-up, and of the related resonance surface, associated with an electromagnetic wave feeding the source, has been obtained by means of exact expressions, employing complete elliptic integrals. This field representation is necessary in the studies regarding particles magnetically confined in these apparatuses.
HUMANISM AND REFORM IN PRE-REFORMATION ENGLISH MONASTERIES
Authors: Clark James G. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTIt is commonly understood the old monastic order in England confronted the King's Reformation unreformed: the houses of the Benedictines, Cistercians and Cluniacs were seemingly untouched by the spirit of renewal that charged continental congregations in the conciliar era, and their conventional patterns of observant life persisted in the face of a fast-changing world beyond the precinct walls. This paper reexamines this view. There was no formal process of congregational reform in England and the effectiveness of the order's governing bodies faltered over the course of the fifteenth century. Yet the responsiveness of the monks to contemporary trends in learning and teaching and in patterns of personal and corporate devotion may be traced in many of their manuscript records. This is indicative, certainly, of the lively engagement of individual brethren but in a number of instances it can be read as part of a collective impulse for reform that animated the house as a whole, and perhaps even networks of houses. It was an impulse that owed much to a generation of (generally, graduate) monks that rose to prominence against the background of the great church councils; their influence allowed it to flourish, albeit briefly, in the triennial sessions of the Benedictine chapters. Their interest in humanism passed to the next generation of superiors, some of whom appear to have transformed their conventualcurricula. Their pioneering work perhaps also stimulated a refined conception of the monastic profession which blossomed in the half-century before the suppressions, one suffused with a sharp, one might say, antiquarian sense of the heritage of early English monasticism, and the scholarly calibre and spiritual purity of its celebrated fathers. The energy that emanated from a number of these houses in the reigns of Henry VII and his son attracted like-minded seculars into collaborations that were not necessarily claustral in focus but certainly reformist in tone. Of course, such extra-mural interest and interaction did little to defend the monastic redoubt from the assault of the Cromwellian commissioners.
LORD BURGHLEY ANDIL CORTEGIANO: CIVIL AND MARTIAL MODELS OF COURTLINESS IN ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND
Authors: Partridge Mary 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTWilliam Cecil, Lord Burghley, is not usually characterised as a courtier. He has traditionally been cast as a grave, hard-working statesman. Historians today recognise that almost every Elizabethan politician of national stature was, to a certain extent, a courtier. However, the epithet ‘courtly’ is still largely reserved for the self-styled chevaliers of Elizabeth's entourage. The courtliness of men such as Burghley, whose public persona was based predominantly on ‘civil’ rather than chivalric values, is rarely acknowledged. Yet Balthazar Castiglione's celebrated dialogue,Il libro del cortegiano, explored civil and martial ideals of courtly conduct. Burghley can be (and was) depicted as a model Castiglionean courtier. His friends and early biographers credited him withil Cortegiano's signature characteristic,sprezzatura. They also emphasised his social versatility – another attribute associated withil Cortegiano. Moreover, Burghley shared Castiglione's monarchocentric political agenda. He served his commonwealth by cultivating a personal relationship with his prince. This relationship licensed him to counsel Elizabeth, encouraging her to rule wisely and virtuously. He thus embraced the Castiglionean paradigm whereby public service was identified with personal service to a particular monarch. Burghley's adoption of this paradigm has arguably been overlooked as a result of the historiographical climate of the past twenty years. Patrick Collinson's enormously influential concept of monarchical republicanism has encouraged historians to conceptualise Burghley as a republican who happened to live in a monarchy. This may have obscured his approximation to Castiglione's ideal courtier, who was specifically designed to operate in a monarchical context.
COMMUNICATING EMPIRE: THE HABSBURGS AND THEIR CRITICS, 1700–1919
Authors: Evans R. J. W. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTIn the vibrant current debate about European empires and their ideologies, one basic dichotomy still tends to be overlooked: that between, on the one hand, the plurality of modern empires of colonisation, commerce and settlement; and, on the other, the traditional claim to single and undividedimperiumso long embodied in the Roman Empire and its successor, the Holy Roman Empire, or (First) Reich. This paper examines the tensions between the two, as manifested in the theory and practice of Habsburg imperial rule. The Habsburgs, emperors of the Reich almost continuously through its last centuries, sought to build their own power-base within and beyond it. The first half of the paper examines how by the eighteenth century their ‘Monarchy’, subsisting alongside the Reich, dealt with the associated legacy of empire. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 the Habsburgs could pursue a free-standing Austrian ‘imperialism’, but it rested on an uneasy combination of old and new elements and was correspondingly vulnerable to challenge from abroad and censure at home. The second half of the article charts this aspect of Habsburg government through an age of international imperialism and its contribution to the collapse of the Dual Monarchy in 1918.
THE SLAVE TRADE, ABOLITION AND PUBLIC MEMORY
Authors: Walvin James 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe bicentenary of the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act in 1807 prompted a remarkable wave of public commemorations across Britain. In contrast to the low-key events of 1907, 2007 saw a sustained and nation-wide urge to commemorate, publicise and discuss the Atlantic slave trade and its abolition. Government interest proved an important influence, and was reflected in a lively educational debate (resulting in changes to the National Curriculum.) This political interest may have stemmed from the parallel debate about modern human trafficking, and contemporary slave systems. Equally, the availability of funding (from the Heritage Lottery Fund) may have persuaded a host of institutions to devise exhibitions, displays and debates about events of 1807. Perhaps the most striking forms of commemoration were in broadcasting and publishing: the BBC was especially active. There were few regions or localities which remained unaffected by the year's commemorations.But why was there such interest? Was 1807, with the outlawing of an unquestioned evil, seen as a moment of national virtue? But if so, how are we to recall the role played by the British in theperfectionof Atlantic slavery and the slave trade? The lively debates in 2007, from major national institutions to small local gatherings, revealed the problematic nature of abolition itself. After all, slavery survived, and even the slave trade continued after 1807. So what was important about 1807? The commemorations of 2007 raised public awareness about an important transformation in the British past; it also exposed those intellectual and political complexities about the ending of the Atlantic slave trade which have proved so fascinating to academic historians.
Pop Regionalism
Authors: Dye Wanda 
Published: November 2009

‘As it stands, the concept of popular culture is virtually useless, a melting pot of confused and contradictory meanings capable of misdirecting inquiry up any number of theoretical blind alleys’ […] popular culture is in effect an empty conceptual category, one which can be filled in a wide variety of often conflicting ways, depending on the context of use.Tony Bennett [quoted] and John Storey in Cultural Theory and Popular Culture