bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications following conventional surgery for retinal detachment
Authors: KATSIMPRIS J 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To describe the possible complications following conventional surgery for retinal detachment Scleral buckling procedure has a primary success rate of 85–90%. Complications, although rare, may occur. Some of them may be severe. In some instances, patients lose sight in the affected eye or lose the entire eye.Methods Conventional retinal detachment surgery under general anaesthesia.Results Possible, but infrequent, complications from scleral buckle surgery include failure of the operation, loss of some or all vision, loss of an eye (rare), double vision, retinal hemorrhage, cataract formation, glaucoma, further retinal detachment, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, vitreous hemorrhage, drooping of the upper lid, and infection. Drainage of the subretinal fluid during surgery, is associated with a higher risk of complications such as bleeding, perforation of the retina, incarceration of the retina at the drainage site, infection etc. Even though the incidence of such complications is low, the risks should be explained to patients. As the scleral buckle is left in place permanently and behaves as a foreign body to the eye there is a risk that there may infection and extrusion many years after the surgery. There is also the small risk of the buckle eroding into the eye, necessitating its removal. A change of patient’s refraction is observed usually (increased shortsightedness) after scleral buckling surgery. In some instances, although the retina reattaches, visual acuity is not restored. The risk of surgery also rises with the use of general anesthesia.Conclusion Scleral buckling, however, is considered a safe, successful procedure. Restored vision depends largely on the location and extent of the detachment, and the length of time before the detachment was repaired.
Determination of the optimal colour space for distinguishing small retinal haemorrhages from dust artefacts
Authors: SUZUKI N , YAMANE K 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To determine the optimal colour space from eight types of colour spaces for the purpose of distinguishing small retinal haemorrhages from dust artefacts in cases of early diabetic retinopathy.Methods We constructed an experimental device, which comprised an illumination optical system and a photographic optical system separated by a mirror having a hole. The device included a canon EOS 50D camera, an EF 50 mm f/1.8‐2 camera lens, a Speedlite 270EX flash, an object lens, four double‐convex lenses, three aperture stops and six artificial eyes. The eye ground was a hemisphere made of polythene terephthalate painted with six matt colour sprays: red, white brown, ochre, yellow, ivory and orange. Five fragments of house dust on the object lens and the two lenses were photographed under each artificial eye. The RGB colour space, measured by Paint Shop Pro from pictures, was changed into seven kinds of colour spaces: XYZ, CMY, HSL, HSV, HSI, L*a*b* and L*u*v*.Results The evaluation values of the following three colour spaces were favourable: the L*u*v* colour space (L*, 5.7±1.1; u*, 8.5±1.8 and v*, 6.7±1.1), the HSV colour space (hue, 2.0±0.5; saturation, 9.5±3.7 and value, 6.7±0.7) and the HSL colour space (hue, 2.0±0.5; saturation, 7.8±2.5 and lightness, 6.8±0.8). The other colour spaces did not show a good result.Conclusion The L*u*v* colour space is highly sensitive; therefore, it is most effective in distinguishing small haemorrhages from dust artefacts. The HSV and HSL colour spaces were highly sensitive in terms of saturation, lightness and value. Using Scilab and SIVP software, we are currently researching methodology that applies the use of colour spaces such as L*u*v* and HSV for automatic distinction.
Matched pairs analysis of retinal navigated laser versus conventional laser
Authors: KERNT M , KOZAK I , FREEMAN W , KAMPIK A , ULBIG M , NEUBAUER A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To compare clinical outcome and retreatment rate of a novel computer navigated laser versus conventional slit‐lamp‐microscope laser treatment of diabetic macular edemaMethods Focal laser for diabetic macular edema (DME) in 46 consecutive patients was digitally planned on fundus images and performed utilizing retinal navigation (Navilas® Laser System, OD‐OS GmbH, Teltow / Berlin, Germany). We investigated the number of retreat‐ments and monitored visual acuity (VA) over 6 months and compared to 119 patients treated with a conventional laser via a slit‐lamp‐microscope.To match control group and Navilas pa‐tients propensity score matching was performed with STATA based on the nearest neighbour method.Results The propensity score algorithm for age, gender, baseline VA and number of laser spots yielded 28 patients for the matched control group. All baseline characteristics were comparable, VA was 0.48 +/‐0.37 Log MAR for Navilas and 0.43 +/‐0.36 Log MAR for conventional laser. Visual outcome at 3 and 6 months follow‐up was better for the Navilas group, but did not reach statistical significance. The Laser retreatment rate using Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed separation of the survival curves after 2 months. For the first 6 months the cumulative retreatment rate was 18% in the Navilas and 31% in the conventional laser group (p=0.02)Conclusion Lower retreatment rates were observed with navigated laser treatment compared to conventional laser within 6 months after treatment, indicating a more sustained effect and faster stabilization using navigated laser, hence, reducing the treatment burden for the patient.
Commercial interest
A shift in the balance of vascular endothelial growth factor and connective tissue growth factor by bevacizumab causes the angiofibrotic switch in proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: SCHLINGEMANN RO , VAN GEEST RJ , LESNIK OBERSTEIN SY , VAN NOORDEN CJF , KLAASSEN I , GOLDSCHMEDING RG 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose In proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) may cause blindness by neovascularisation followed by fibrosis of the retina. It has previously been shown that a shift in the balance between levels of CTGF and VEGF in the eye is associated with this angiofibrotic switch. This study investigated whether anti‐VEGF agents induce accelerated fibrosis in patients with PDR, as predicted by this model.Methods CTGF and VEGF levels were measured by ELISA in 52 vitreous samples of PDR patients, of which 24 patients had received intravitreal bevacizumab 1 week to 3 months before vitrectomy, and were correlated with the degree of vitreoretinal fibrosis as determined clinically and intra‐operatively.Results CTGF correlated positively, and VEGF correlated negatively with the degree of fibrosis. The CTGF/VEGF ratio was the strongest predictor of fibrosis. Clinically, increased fibrosis was observed after intravitreal bevacizumab.Conclusion These results confirm that the CTGF/VEGF ratio is a strong predictor of vitreoretinal fibrosis in PDR, and show that intravitreal anti‐VEGF treatment causes increased fibrosis in PDR patients. These findings provide strong support for the model that the balance of CTGF and VEGF determines the angiofibrotic switch, and identify CTGF as a possible therapeutic target in the clinical management of PDR.
Measurement of subfoveal choroidal thickness before and after cataract surgery using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography
Authors: PIERRU A , BAILLIF‐GOSTOLI S , GASTAUD P 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To compare subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) before and after cataract surgery using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI OCT)Methods Cross‐sectional observational prospective study. Spectral‐domain EDI OCT was performed with a Heidelberg Spectralis HRA+OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) using a standardized protocol. SFCT of 67 patients was measured manually from the posterior edge of the retinal pigment epithelium to the choroid/sclera junction before surgery, 1 day, 7 days, 1 month, 3 month after. Choroidal thicknesses were independantly assessed by two masked graders. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate variations of choroidal thickness before and after cataract surgery.Results Eighty four eyes of 67 patients who had cataract surgery were included. Mean SFCT ± SD was 215,9 ± 69,4 μm before surgery, 213,3 ± 67,3 μm at Day 1, 221,9 ± 67,8 μm at Day 7, 226,5 ± 68,9 μm at 1 month and 230 ± 62,2 μm at 3 months. Mean SFCT increased significantly between before and 3 months after surgery (p<0,04). For diabetic patients mean SFCT increased in the same proportion as in general population but later (Day 7 versus Day 30). No significative difference was observed between group with Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and group without. For the only patient who developed an Irvine Gass Syndrom, SFCT increased.Conclusion Mean SFCT seems to increase after phacoemulsification. EDI OCT can be used to evaluate choroidal changes after cataract surgery in diabetic patients, and to detect patients who would develop an Irvine Gass syndrome.
Peripheral capillary network enlargement in diabetic maculopathy
Authors: RADOI C , ZAMBROWSKI O , DUCASSE A , ARNDT C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Diabetic macular edema has been associated with increased intravitreal levels of VEGF. Therefore, ischemia is probably part of the physiopathology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rarefaction of peripheral capillaries.Methods A retrospective analysis of large field angiographic images with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (OPTOS, Edinburgh, Scotland) was performed between Novembre 2011 and March 2012was performed. After excluding patients with previous panretinal laser photocoagulation and those with peripheral non‐analyzable images, the peripheral area on early phase images in 112 patients were evaluated. 38 had a diabetic maculopathy and 78 served as non diabetic controls. The enlargement of the peripheral capillary network was graded from 1 to 3 (1: normal, 2: moderate, 3: severe).Results A total of 43 patients were excluded because of panretinal photocoagulation in the diabetic group, possible VEGF involvement in the control group and poor image quality in either group.When comparing the remaining patients of the two groups, no significant difference in peripheral capillary network changes was observed.Conclusion The peripheral capillary rarefaction is difficult to analyze on conventional angiography (peripheral images are usually obtained in the late phase). This angiographic finding is probably not encountered more often in diabetic maculopathy than other retinal diseases. It remains to be demonstrated in which cases peripheral capillary rarefaction should be considered as significant and whether targeted laser treatment as a part of diabetic macular edema therapy should be discussed.
Synthetic eye prosthesis – phase I results of a succesfully developed biomaterial
Authors: STORSBERG J , KOBUCH K , DUNCKER GIW , KNAK M , REHFELDT S , SCHMIDT C , NASS N , SEL S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Development of an biomimetic artificial cornea to provide a long term stable keratoprostesis for ultima ratio patientsMethods A hydrophobic biomaterial was selectively modified by physical and chemical nanotechnological methods. The modified biomaterial was tested in cell culture experiments (primary epithelial cells, porc), implanted into rabbits eyes and finally into eyes of ultima ratio patients.Results After very successful in vitro evaluation, keratoprostheses were implanted to rabbit eyes (New Zealand white rabbit) and showed excellent in vivo performance in the animal experiment. After a follow‐up of 2.5 years, the implanted keratoprosthesis into human eyes showed no significant sign of complication such as infection or protrusion. There was a substantial increase in vision.Conclusion We could develop a new keratoprosthesis for ultimo ratio patients which is well tolerated in human eyes.
Quantitative and qualitative label free imaging using mass spectrometry in the context of an ophthalmic application
Authors: HAMM G , DESBENOIT N , LEGOUFFE R , BRUNELLE A , BRIGNOLE‐BAUDOUIN F , STAUBER J 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose We present a new Label free quantitative imaging of small molecules in order to investigate their roles in ophthalmic disorders (toxicity, inflammation)Methods Quantitative Mass Spectrometry imaging has been developed and applied to ophthalmology to assess the distribution and quantification of Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) compound in specific areas of the eye after instillation. This method has been compared to gold standard technique as liquid chromatography ‐ Mass spectrometry to validate the data.Results The distribution of two BAK compounds (BAK C12 and BAK C14) were investigated in small specific histological regions of the eye (such as iridocorneal angle or sclera, choroid, retina regions) in order to estimate efficiency of action or adverse effects of the treatment. High spatial resolution images were performed at cells level (30 µm). Molecular distribution was also correlated to tissue histology using H&E staining. Then, our methodology of quantification by MSI was applied.Conclusion MSI offers new insight in ocular therapeutic/pharmaceutical research, especially for high‐precision distribution and quantification studies
How to get your work published ?
Authors: PLEYER U 
Published: August 2012

AbstractJunior researchers often face the challenge of get their interesting work published. The goal of this course will be to provide some keys to write a high quality paper that will help to transform innovative ideas into a research article. The panelists will discuss major aspects of the editorial process including basic decisions: where to submit the work, how to organize and prepare a manuscript, how to deal the review process in particular the revision process for eventual resubmission. The panelists will raise the discussion on issues like: How to choose a journal ? How to organize your paper ? What are the characteristics of a good manuscript ? Delayed response: When is it appropriate to ask for the status of your manuscript ? How to interpret the letter from the editor ? How to write a good reply to the reviewers ? What to do when your paper is rejected ? When can it be appropiate to request a reevaluation of a rejected paper ? In addition, the personal view from an authors and editors perspective will be given in a vivid discussion with the participants.
How to get your work published?
Authors: STEFANSSON E 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The intrinsic quality of a scientific article depends first and foremost on its scientific content. However, the way in which the scientific material is presented and the paper is written may determine whether the scientific content will ever receive the attention it deserves. There may not be any perfect recipe for a perfect paper, but it is possible to point out some general characteristics of good papers, and we will try to do so. The title sometimes decides whether a potential reader will give your article a proper look. A good title is descriptive, and it may also give a statement if the journal style allows. The abstract is the most important part of your article. It is what most people will read, and they will proceed to read the article proper only if they find the abstract to be interesting. If you excuse the parable, a good abstract is like a miniskirt – short enough to be exciting and long enough to cover the essentials.Methods Describe the material or patients and the methods in brief. It is advisable to specify the study design.Results Present the most important results in a brief manner. Please give quantitative data with confidence limits whenever applicable. The reader wants to know what your results were, not just whether they were “statistically significant” or not.Conclusion Put your data into context with the clinical practice, literature or both. How do your results add to the scientific knowledge or preferred practice? What have we learned? A common mistake is to include general conclusions which are not specifically supported by the data presented. Please check that the conclusions are in line with the stated aim of the study.
Commercial interest
Glaucoma surgery in uveitis
Authors: LACHKAR Y 
Published: August 2012

AbstractGlaucoma surgery and uveitis (course) Management of uveitis glaucoma requires careful diagnosis and managment of both uveitis and glaucoma. Before deciding surgery it is essential to identify the mechanisms of IOP elevation and to differentiate secondary open angle glaucoma, secondary angle closure glaucoma with or without pupillary block. In case of secondary glaucoma with pupil block in phakic patients lens extraction might be considered if the uveitis is well controlled. Uveitis can negatively affect the outcome of glaucoma surgery. Filtration surgery with the use of adjunctive mitomycin C is the standard of care because of the risk of fibosis of the filtration bleb. Non penetrating surgery is an attractive option if the angle is open avoiding anterior chamber entry and hypotony. Aqueous shunt implantations is another option and could be proposed as a primary surgical procedure. Cyclophotocoagulation is best avoided in uveitics because the ciliary body is compromised by cyclitis. This procedure should be used cautiously because patients with uveitis already have atrophic ciliary epithelium, and the risk of permanent hypotony is increased with a cyclodestructive procedure
Visual fields for Ever ‐ and more
Authors: MARTIN L 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Visual field examinations are essential in eye care, especially in patients with glaucoma or neuro‐ophthalmological disorders. During the last three decades an explosive development has led to automation of examination procedure, new stimulus modalities and a spread of the methods outside eye clinics. Recently, the advent of other physiological tests and imaging methods has presented new ways for analysis of the visual system. The lecture will highlight some of the factors influencing the choice of method, considering the medical situation, patient characteristics and the care setting.Conclusion Optimum use of available examination techniques requires good understanding of the methods positive and negative predictive value, the disease prevalence and course, and the “real‐world” consequences for the individual patient
Comparison of three different methods of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements including properties of the cornea
Authors: SMEDOWSKI A , WYLEGALA E , WEGLARZ B , ORSKI M , WOJCIK L 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The aim of this study was to show the usefullness of three different methods of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) measurements: Goldmann Applanation Tonometer, Rebound Tonometer and Ultra High‐Speed Scheimpflug Technology.Methods The examined group consisted of 96 patients, 192 eyes (63 females, 33 males of mean age 59,3±19,9 years old). IOP measurements were carried out using Goldmann Applanation Tonometer (GAT), Rebound Tonometer Icare Pro (RT) and Ultra High‐Speed Scheimpflug Technology (UHS ST) –“Corvis ST” with pachymetry which automatically took into account of central corneal thickness (CCT) correction. Additionally corneal pachymetry with Pentacam, Oculus were made to considered CCT in GAT IOP value. Statistical analysis was based on the software Statistica 10.0 PL, Statsoft, Poland.Results Mean IOP measured with GAT was 15,6±3,75 mmHg; GAT with CCT correction 15,7±3,7 mmHg; mean IOP measured with RT was 15,6±3,5 mmHg; with UHS ST 16,1±4,0 mmHg. Mean CCT measured with UHS ST was 543,7±52,7 µm; with Pentacam 547,9±54,0 µm. In comparison, there is significant difference between IOP measured with GAT and GAT+CCT, RT versus UHS ST (P<0,001) and no significant between GAT, GAT+CCT versus RT (p>0,5). Central Corneal Thickness was without differences in measurements carried out with UHS ST and Pentacam. All technics showed correlation IOP with CCT (p<0,05; r~0,3).Conclusion Applanation Tonometer and Rebound Tonometer can be equal methods of IOP measurements in contrast to Ultra High‐Speed Scheimpflug Technology which give significant different values but can be use to take accurate measurements of Central Corneal Thickness
24‐hour intraocular pressure of healthy humans in supine position: rhythm and reproducibility
Authors: MOTTET B , CHIQUET C , APTEL F , NOEL C , ROMANET JP 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the reproducibility over time of 24H intraocular pressure (IOP) rhythm in healthy humans in supine position.Methods In a sleep laboratory, six healthy young Caucasian male subjects were included in each six weekly 24H sessions of hourly IOP measurements in a control supine position using the pneumatonometer Digilab Modular One. IOP 24H rhythm was modelled using a nonlinear least squares dual harmonic regression analysis. The intra‐ and inter‐subject variability of acrophase, bathyphase, amplitude and IOP values were evaluated.Results A significant nyctohemeral IOP rhythm was noted in 30/36 (83%) sessions. Nocturnal IOP was significantly higher than diurnal IOP (20.1 ± 0.2 vs. 18.8 ± 0.1 mmHg). Reproducible distribution over 24H of intra‐subject acrophase and bathyphase was found respectively in 3/6 (50%) and 4/6 (67%) subjects. Intra‐subject means of amplitude were not statistically different between subjects. IOP values at 2:00, 3:00, 4:00, 10:00, 11:00 AM and 2:00 PM and IOP mesor had fair to good agreement between sessions.Conclusion Most healthy subjects exhibited a nyctohemeral rhythm of IOP with fair reproducible characteristics in supine position. Amplitude is the best reproducible parameter. This result strongly suggests that chronobiological lower IOP therapies could be powerfully studied using paired intra‐subject 24H nyctohemeral rhythm data comparison, during repeated sessions overtime before and after treatment.
Relationship between IOP and biomechanical corneal values obtained by ORA
Authors: LOPEZ DE LA FUENTE C , SANCHEZ‐CANO A , PINILLA I , FUENTES BROTO L , SEGURA CLAVO F 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements and corneal biomechanical parameters obtained with Ocular Response Analyser (ORA) in healthy subjects.Methods Sixty‐five eyes from 65 healthy subjects were prospective and consecutively selected. All of them underwent a full optometric examination, including central corneal thickness (CCT) and IOP measured with ORA: ORA Goldmann‐corrected IOP (IOPg) and ORA corneal resistance‐corrected IOP (IOPcc). Pearson correlation coefficients between IOP values and corneal biomechanics parameters obtained by ORA were also calculated.Results IOP parameters, evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficients were significantly correlated with p<0.001; r=0.826 for IOPcc‐IOPg. IOPg was linearly associated with corneal resistance factor (CRF; r=0.619) and with CCT (r=0.579). IOPcc had a linear relationship with CH (r=‐0.482); similar results were obtained with CRF and corneal hysteresis (CH; r=0.841), CRF and CCT (r=0.681) or between CH and CCT (r=0.466).Conclusion IOPcc and IOPg have a positive linear correlation. ORA biomechanics parameters CRF, CH and CCT show also a linear positive relation between them.