bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
42.2: Invited Paper: End‐To‐End Factory Solutions, from Design to Completion: Display Manufacturing Facilities from Greenfield to Green Manufacturing
Authors: Carkner Don , Rahimian Barry , O'Halloran Michael , Monosoff Nathan , Pettengill Nancy , Krick David , Ighani Ben 
Published: August 2010

AbstractModern flat panel manufacturing facilities are incredibly complex, and use large amounts of energy and materials both in construction and operation. Drawing on extensive global facility experience, utilizing sophisticated planning and design tools, and considering “reduce, re‐use, and recycle” options, such as the conversion of under‐used older generation semiconductor facilities, projects can be completed faster, with minimized environmental impact, and with an improved bottom line.
43.4: Colorimetric Transformation with Two Sets of LED Backlight for Multi‐Primary LCD
Authors: Hsieh Pei‐Lin , Lin Hsiang‐Tan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe multi‐primary system is presented in this paper. Two set LEDs as backlight are illuminated alternately at 120 Hz. The Colorimetric Transformation Function (CTF) is designed to control the ratio of LED1 and LED2. The experimental results show that the system can increase color gamut of cyan.
46.3: Role of Chemical Transformations of Hole Transport Materials in Operational Degradation of the Current Generation of Highly Efficient Fluorescent OLEDs
Authors: Kondakov Denis Y. , Young Ralph H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe show that the representative hole transport material NPB undergoes significant chemical transformation in operating highly efficient fluorescent OLEDs. The extent and location of the chemical degradation are qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with the hypothesis of its dominant role in the operational degradation mechanism. Effects of dopant and transport materials are also evaluated.
48.4: Invited Paper: Adaptive Luminance and Power Control (ALPC) for LED Backlight Units
Authors: Kim Gicherl , Yeo Dongmin , Park Seki , Seo Youngjun , Song Sijun , Jang Taeseok 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAdaptive luminance and power control is proposed for LCD‐TVs with LED backlight units to provide several advanced features compared to conventional local dimming LED backlights. with ALPC, the luminance of a bright image on the display increases as the size of the bright image decreases, resulting in higher image quality that is more comfortable to end users. A 46” FHD LCD‐TV equipped with an ALPC LED backlight achieved peak luminance of 500 nits and a contrast ratio of 100,000:1 with 30% fewer LEDs and maximum power consumption of 100W.
49.3: Growth Mechanism and Inhibition Technologies of a Contamination on the Surface of Photomask for Longtime LCD‐TFT Lithography Process
Authors: Yanagita Yoshinori , Kaneko Yasushi , Abe Yasuyuki , Ogawa Hiroshi , Takayama Shigeki , Shinchi Hiroyuki , Tsuchiya Masayoshi , Murai Makoto 
Published: August 2010

AbstractProgressive contamination on photomasks has become a serious concern as a source of defects in long‐term TFT‐LCD manufacturing. We determined the chemical structure and mechanism of formation of such contamination, devised an accelerated test to replicate it, and developed a means of inhibiting it.
52.3: New Method of Vertical Alignment by Using Nano‐Structure
Authors: Kawamura Tadashi , Yamada Yuichiro , Okamoto Kenji 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe propose a new technology to control the pretilt angle of liquid crystal and leaning direction of a Vertical Aligned Nematic (VAN) upon a rugged surface. A Multi‐domain Vertical Aligned (MVA) panel, incorporating a pillar‐like structure with 2–3um pitch, was developed which exhibited high brightness and wide viewing angle range.
54.4: Stereoscopic Depth Perception and Interocular Luminance Differences
Authors: Patterson Robert , Boydstun Alan S. , Rogers Jason A. , Tripp Lisa M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe investigated the effects of interocular luminance differences on stereoscopic depth perception. The stimuli were stereoscopic square‐shaped targets created from disparity embedded in a dynamic random‐dot stereogram, which eliminated other cues to depth perception. The results revealed that stereoscopic depth perception survived significant interocular differences in luminance levels, even up to differences of 60%, provided that display luminance was approximately 0.63 cd/m2 or higher. In terms of design criteria, developers of stereo displays can use a fairly large range of interocular luminance levels and still induce good stereo depth perception.
55.1: Edge‐Lit Hollow Backlight Using Tunable Reflective Polarizer for Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Liu Tao , Wheatley John , O'Neill Mark , Sousa Matthew E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA low‐cost solution for using light‐emitting‐diodes (LEDs) to illuminate large liquid crystal displays (LCDs) is developed. Following this approach, a 32″ single‐Side illuminated thin edge‐lit hollow backlight is demonstrated using high power LEDs as the light source. One of the key optical components is a new class of reflective polarizer that provides polarization, viewing angle, and recycling controls simultaneously over the system output. Uniformity and efficiency were realized as well as strong robustness to LED variations or failures. Benefits of hollow cavity light mixing to LED systems are discussed.
8.4L: Late‐News Paper: Technology Study for a 4K×2K High Frame Rate (240fps) Projector
Authors: Hayashi Tsuneo , Kuroki Yoshihiko 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe had a technology study for a 4K 240fps SXRD projector. The projector was designed to meet superior specifications, including 8.8 million pixels resolution, as well as 240fps frame rate. Results of perceptual motion blur measurement show that the proposed high frame rate significantly reduces perceived blur.
55.2: The Optical Design and Optimization of Light Guide Film for Ultra Thin 1.9″ TFT LCD Display Panel
Authors: Fan Fu‐Chen , Chen Chin‐Yen , Hsu Hsu‐Sheng , Chen Chih‐Wei 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLight guide film is the key part to achieve ultra thin mobile panel. We employ roll‐to‐roll process to make it possible to fabricate mirco‐structure on such thin LGF (<0.3mm); while the special shape of dot is designed and employed to achieve good luminance uniformity and high luminance. Here we demonstrate the world's thinnest 1.9″ panel with total thickness 0.56mm by combining the entire advance thinning technology.
58.2: In‐Cell Type Adaptive Touch for Electrophoretic Display
Authors: Lee Jong‐Kwon , Kim Sang‐Soo , Nam Seung‐Seok , Park Yong‐In , Kim Chang‐Dong , Kang InByeong 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn‐cell type adaptive touch technology for Electro‐Phoretic Display has been developed and implemented in 2.1 inch QVGA electronic paper. Here, we have used two types of a‐Si photosensor arrays along with overall capacitor and applied touch algorithm adapted depending upon the amount of light intensity, resulting in enhancing touch sensitivity regardless of environmental condition.
62.1: Five‐Primary‐Color 60‐Inch LCD with Novel Wide Color Gamut and Wide Viewing Angle
Authors: Ueki Shun , Nakamura Kozo , Yoshida Yuhichi , Mori Tomohiko , Tomizawa Kazunari , Narutaki Yohzoh , Itoh Yasuhisa , Okamoto Kenji 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe have newly developed a 5‐primary‐color 60‐inch FHD LCD with pixels composed of R1CGR2BY six sub pixels. The prototype is designed to reproduce all of real surface colors. We have also improved its viewing angle performances by applying a multi‐primary color matching technology.
62.3: Exploiting the Flexibility of RGBW OLED Displays: Trading Color Saturation for Power
Authors: Miller Michael E. , Hamer John W. , Ludwicki John E. , Arnold Andrew D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe RGBW pixel pattern uniquely enables the tradeoff of color gamut for power consumption. A mechanism for achieving these tradeoffs and its application for reducing power consumption by more than 25% for typical images and 10% for typical web pages is discussed.
17th World Petroleum Congress Preview, August 2002 JCPT
Authors: Warne George A. , Patel Raj , Rauch Bruce , Ali S.M. Farouq , Moore Gord , Mehta Raj , Ursenbach Matthew , Yeung K.C. , Peachey Bruce , Zahacy Todd , Hyne Jim , Das Swapan , Mungan Nick , Masliyah Jacob , Brady Kevin 
Published: August 2010

The JCPTand the Canadian Association for the WPC agreed that itwould be a timely and valued service to readers and delegates to the 17th WorldPetroleum Congress to publish a series of articles reviewing several keypetroleum technologies receiving attention in Canada. Distinguished authoritieson the technologies agreed to contribute short summary articles on Canadianresearch and field experience in specific areas. These articles are included inthis issue:
The Evolution of Imperial Oil's Cold Lake Development by Raj Patel and BruceRauch
Innovative Steam Injection Techniques Overcome Adverse Reservoir Conditionsby S.M. Farouq Ali
Air Injection for Oil Recovery by Gord Moore, Raj Mehta, and MatthewUrsenbach
Suncor's Path to Growth - Oil Sands Projects and Technology by K.C.Yeung
Downhole Oil/Water Separation's Canadian Roots by Bruce Peachey and ToddZahacy
Canada's Recovered Sulphur - In the World Class by Jim Hyne
VAPEX - A Unique Canadian Technology by Swapan Das
Canada - World Leader in Hydrocarbon Miscible Flooding by Nick Mungan
Bitumen Recovery From Athabasca Oil Sands by Jacob Masliyah
Computalog's LWD System Designed for Deepwater Drilling Environments byKevin Brady
Magnetic Resonance in Chalk Horizontal Well Logged With LWD
Authors: Thorsen Arve K. , Eiane Tor , Thern Holger F. , Fristad Paal , Williams Stephen 
Published: August 2010

Summary
This paper describes geological and petrophysical evaluation of a new structure of a mature field to evaluate the reservoir potential in unproduced reservoir zones. The well was drilled in a carbonate with variations in rock quality and with minor subfaulting occurring. Gamma ray (GR), resistivity, density, neutron, and image services were used in the horizontal part of the well in addition to magnetic resonance (MR). To achieve the best possible real-time wellbore placement, reservoir navigation and continuous follow-up on the horizontal log interpretation were performed during drilling.
For the first time, a low-gradient-MR-while-drilling technology was deployed in a virgin carbonate horizontal well on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. The MR service was run to obtain porosities (including partitioning of movable and bound fluids), hydrocarbon (HC) saturations, and permeability estimates. Fluid saturations based on traditional methods and the MR were evaluated and compared by core data, enhancing the understanding of the measurement and the reservoir. For post-processing, the MR data were integrated and interpreted together with the other measurements performed in the well, delivering an accurate and consistent reservoir description.
The first part of the horizontal part of the well was drilled with conductive drilling fluid and the latter part with nonconductive drilling fluid. Laboratory measurements for the two mud filtrates were performed to understand the influence of the two different drilling-fluid types on the MR measurements. In the absence of water-based mudfiltrate invasion, the MR data show good agreement with saturations from core, confirming the quality and reliability of the MR data.
Comparison of the MR T2 distributions and volumetrics with image data indicates that even fine variations in rock quality and lithology are reliably resolved by the MR data. Before logging, old core data were used to refine the constants used in the Timur-Coates MR permeability equation, which quantitatively tracks changes in reservoir quality. The values were calibrated when Timur-Coates constants were derived from the well's core plugs.
Equivalent Wellblock Radius for Partially Perforated Vertical Wells—Part II: Anisotropic Heterogeneous Reservoirs With Nonuniform Grids
Authors: Dogru Ali H. 
Published: August 2010

Summary
In this paper, we present a new analytical expression and a simple numerical procedure for the equivalent wellblock radius and well index for nonuniform grids for homogeneous anisotropic reservoirs or completely heterogeneous reservoirs for a partially penetrating vertical well.
Equivalent wellblock radius is obtained analytically for the homogeneous and anisotropic reservoirs with nonsquare grids. The new equation has the same structure as Peaceman's equation (Peaceman 1983) with one additional parameter accounting for the partial penetration and vertical-flow effects. The new formula reduces to Peaceman's formula when the well is fully penetrating.
For heterogeneous reservoirs with nonsquare grids, the equivalent wellblock radius is computed from the solution of a 1D linear ordinary-differential equation.
A field simulation study with complete reservoir heterogeneity showed that well index calculated by using Peaceman's method underpredicts the well-production rate by 20%. The new method presented in this paper reduces this error to 1%. Similarly, a model problem with a nonsquare grid shows approximately 30% rate error with Peaceman's method, while the new method reduces the error to less than 3%.
Correlation between per se and Testcross Performance in Rye (Secale cereale L.) Introgression Lines Estimated with a Bivariate Mixed Linear Model
Authors: Falke K. C. , Wilde P. , Wortmann H. , Müller B. U. , Möhring J. , Piepho H.‐P. , Miedaner T. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIn hybrid breeding a high correlation between per se performance of parental lines and hybrid performance can help to reduce the efforts for testcross trials. Our objectives were (i) to investigate the correlation between per se and testcross performance of rye (Secale cereale L.) candidate introgression lines (pre‐ILs) for thousand‐kernel weight, test weight, falling number, starch, pentosan, and protein content; and (ii) to investigate the consistency of quantitative trait loci (QTL) determined in pre‐ILs and their testcross progenies. Eighty pre‐ILs carrying donor chromosome segments (DCS) from the Iranian primitive rye Altevogt 14160 in the genetic background of elite line L2053‐N, were evaluated at four locations over 2 yr. Genetic correlations between per se and testcross performance were estimated with a bivariate mixed linear model. Putative QTL regions were detected by comparing the performance of pre‐ILs carrying certain DCS with the performance of the recurrent parent. Genotypic variances and heritabilities were higher for per se than for testcross performance. Genetic correlations between per se and testcross performance were mostly intermediate. Common QTL regions were observed for test weight, starch, pentosan, and protein content. Our results revealed that a superior per se performance of rye pre‐ILs is not indicative for a superior hybrid performance. Consequently, using rye pre‐ILs in hybrid breeding programs requires testcross trials.
Crude Protein and Nitrate Concentrations of Fall Forage for Stocker Cattle: Wheat vs. Perennial Cool‐Season Grasses
Authors: MacKown Charles T. , Northup Brian K. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTWinter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) pastures are a primary source of cool‐season forage used by stocker cattle (Bos taurus L.) in the southern Great Plains. Replacing some wheat pasture with perennial cool‐season grasses (PCSGs) could reduce uncertainties of sufficient fall forage and annual tillage operations. Wheat forage is capable of producing stocker weight gains >1.4 kg d−1, but wheat can accumulate nitrate that poses a health risk to stockers. Levels of crude protein (CP) and nitrate in fall forage clipped 4 yr (2002–2005), from replicated pastures of winter wheat and two PCSG pastures established in 2001 (‘Jose’ tall wheatgrass [Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Z.‐W. Liu & R.‐C. Wang], ‘Manska’ intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey], and one PCSG pasture established in 2002 [‘Lincoln’ smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss)], were compared. Forage levels of CP in PCSGs were >148 g kg−1 dry wt., but were 21 to 37% less than that of wheat (244 ± 3 g kg−1). Mean nitrate‐N levels of wheat were 400, 1400, 4600, and 840 mg kg−1 in 2002 through 2005, respectively. Among the PCSGs, nitrate‐N did not exceed 660 mg kg−1 The CP levels of PCSGs were often substantially less than that of wheat, but were sufficient for growth of stocker calves. Nitrate risks that sometimes occurred with wheat would make PCSGs a safer choice for pasture.
Effects of Recurrent Selection for Grain Yield and Striga Resistance in an Extra‐Early Maize Population
Authors: Badu‐Apraku B. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTStriga hermonthica (Del.) Benth threatens maize (Zea mays L.) production in sub‐Saharan Africa. In an extra‐early population, S1 families derived from four cycles of recurrent selection for grain yield and Striga resistance were evaluated with and without Striga infestation at three locations in Nigeria for 2 yr to determine relative changes in genetic variances, heritabilities, and genetic correlations for yield and other traits. Under infestation, yield was not correlated with other traits at C0 but was significantly correlated with ears per plant (EPP), Striga damage, and emerged Striga plants in advanced cycles. Genetic correlations between yield and most traits were significant in C0 when Striga‐free but was reduced in advanced cycles. Genetic variances and heritabilities for yield and ear aspect increased in advanced cycles. Genetic variances decreased with selection for emerged Striga counts and EPP under infestation. A response to selection for improved yield, Striga emergence and EPP is expected in subsequent cycles. Low genetic variances and heritabilities for Striga damage and low predicted gain cycle−1 for all traits except numbers of emerged Striga plants suggest a need to introgress novel resistance genes into the population for faster progress from selection for increased yield.
Drought Response and Recovery Characteristics of St. Augustinegrass Cultivars
Authors: Steinke K. , Chalmers D. , Thomas J. , White R. , Fipps G. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAs water resources become restricted for use on amenity turfgrass systems, the inability for consumers to delineate incremental drought stress relating to plant health can result in the misuse of water resources during drought conditions. Seven cultivars of St. Augustinegrass (SA) [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] and two root zone depths were evaluated for drought response and recovery during consecutive 60‐d drought and 60‐d recovery periods over 2 yr. Using digital image analysis, drought response and recovery were quantified as the number of days to decrease or increase to 50% green ground cover, respectively. Both study years provided unique conditions for investigating drought response as the mean time to reach 50% green ground cover differed by 24 d between the 2 yr of study. Some SA cultivars lost 50% green ground cover in 23 d while other cultivars lasted the entire 60 d drought period without losing 50% green ground cover. Floratam provided the most consistent drought response and recovery compared to other SA cultivars. Once water was no longer limited, cultivars demonstrated up to a 52 d difference in attaining 50% green ground cover. Results could significantly impact home consumer irrigation behaviors and influence consumer expectations of turfgrass following drought conditions.
Genetics of Aluminum‐induced Callose Formation in Maize Roots, a Selection Trait for Aluminum Resistance
Authors: Narro Luis A. , Arcos Alba Lucía 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAcid soils and associated aluminum toxicity could limit maize (Zea mays L.) production on more than 3950 million hectares worldwide. Callose formation in root tips is a reliable indicator of Al‐induced cell damage. We studied the modes of gene action determining callose formation in root tips using two diallel mating experiments involving a total of 33 maize inbred lines grown in 25 μM Al nutrient solution. Highly significant differences were found among parents, crosses, general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) effects, and for the contrast of parents vs. crosses in both diallel experiments. These results indicate that additive and nonadditive gene effects were important in the expression of callose content.
Agronomic and Seed Traits of Soybean Lines with the Rag1 gene for Aphid Resistance
Authors: Mardorf Justin L. , Fehr Walter R. , O'Neal Matthew E. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] yields can be reduced significantly by infestations of the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura). A dominant allele, Rag1, providing resistance to the aphid was identified in PI 548663. The objective of this study was to compare the agronomic and seed traits of 27 lines with the Rag1 allele to those of 27 lines with the rag1 allele that were derived from the same segregating population. The lines were evaluated under aphid‐infested conditions at two Iowa locations in 2008 and under aphid‐infested and aphid‐free conditions at three Iowa locations during 2009. There were significant differences in mean yield between the Rag1 and rag1 lines in all the aphid‐infested environments. The difference in yield between the two types reached 47.6% at one location under heavy infestation. Under aphid‐free conditions, there was no significant difference in mean yield between the two types. The differences between the two types of lines for maturity, height, lodging, protein content, oil content, and seed weight were either not significant or sufficiently small to make it possible to develop aphid‐resistant cultivars with the Rag1 gene that were comparable to susceptible cultivars.
Participation of cAMP in tacrine-induced gastric smooth muscle relaxation
Authors: Prissadova Natalia , Argirova Mariana , Krastev Athanas , Turiiski Valentin , Ardasheva Rayna 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Tacrine, a well-known acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, applied in concentrations higher than 2×10−5 mol/l promoted Ca2+-independent relaxation of rat gastric smooth muscles in experiments in vitro. The relaxation was not cholinergic and was a result of influence of tacrine over intracellular signaling pathways regulating smooth muscle contraction/relaxation. The nature of this untypical muscle relaxation was studied by using smooth muscle strips isolated from rat stomach. Their bioelectrical and mechanical responses were recorded after treatment with tacrine and different activators or blockers of intracellular pathways involved in muscle contractility. Following the activation of adenylate cyclase with 1×10−6 mol/l forskolin and increase in the concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) after application of 4×10−5 mol/l SQ22536, a significant decrease in the muscle relaxation was observed. Theophylline (2×10−4 mol/l), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, had no effect on the amplitude of tacrine-induced relaxation. The latter was also reduced by inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) with 5×10−6 mol/l KT5720. These findings support the assumption that tacrine promoted smooth muscle relaxation through PKA-induced phosphorylation and inhibition of myosin light chain kinase activity. The reduction of spike-linked Ca2+ influx provoked by tacrine was probably a secondary contributing process, associated with an influence of increased cAMP level on Ca2+ channels.