bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C-Reactive protein is an independent surgical indication marker for appendicitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Yokoyama Shozo , Takifuji Katsunari , Hotta Tsukasa , Matsuda Kenji , Nasu Toru , Nakamori Mikihito , Hirabayashi Naoki , Kinoshita Hiroyuki , Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis study is an attempt to clarify the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a surgical indication marker for appendicitis.MethodsOne hundred and fifty patients who underwent appendectomies and had pathologically confirmed appendicitis were reviewed between May 1, 1999 and September 31, 2007. The correlation between preoperative clinical factors and the actual histological severity, and identify surgical indication markers were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that only the CRP level significantly differ between the surgical treatment necessary group (gangrenous appendicitis) and the possible non-surgical treatment group (catarrhalis and phlegmonous appendicitis). Multivariate analysis indicated only the CRP level to be a surgical indication marker for acute appendicitis. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that the cutoff value of CRP for surgical indication of appendicitis is 4.95 mg/dl.ConclusionOnly the CRP level is consistent with the severity of appendicitis, and considered to be a surgical indication marker for acute appendicitis.
A model invalidation-based approach for elucidating biological signalling pathways, applied to the chemotaxis pathway in R. sphaeroides
Authors: Roberts Mark AJ , August Elias , Hamadeh Abdullah , Maini Philip K , McSharry Patrick E , Armitage Judith P , Papachristodoulou Antonis 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
Developing methods for understanding the connectivity of signalling pathways is a major challenge in biological research. For this purpose, mathematical models are routinely developed based on experimental observations, which also allow the prediction of the system behaviour under different experimental conditions. Often, however, the same experimental data can be represented by several competing network models.

Results
In this paper, we developed a novel mathematical model/experiment design cycle to help determine the probable network connectivity by iteratively invalidating models corresponding to competing signalling pathways. To do this, we systematically design experiments in silico that discriminate best between models of the competing signalling pathways. The method determines the inputs and parameter perturbations that will differentiate best between model outputs, corresponding to what can be measured/observed experimentally. We applied our method to the unknown connectivities in the chemotaxis pathway of the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. We first developed several models of R. sphaeroides chemotaxis corresponding to different signalling networks, all of which are biologically plausible. Parameters in these models were fitted so that they all represented wild type data equally well. The models were then compared to current mutant data and some were invalidated. To discriminate between the remaining models we used ideas from control systems theory to determine efficiently in silico an input profile that would result in the biggest difference in model outputs. However, when we applied this input to the models, we found it to be insufficient for discrimination in silico. Thus, to achieve better discrimination, we determined the best change in initial conditions (total protein concentrations) as well as the best change in the input profile. The designed experiments were then performed on live cells and the resulting data used to invalidate all but one of the remaining candidate models.

Conclusion
We successfully applied our method to chemotaxis in R. sphaeroides and the results from the experiments designed using this methodology allowed us to invalidate all but one of the proposed network models. The methodology we present is general and can be applied to a range of other biological networks.
Polycythemia vera as a presentation of renal angiomyolipoma: a case report
Authors: Lin Ming-Shyan , Hung Yu-Shin , Wu Hsueh-Hua , Kuo Ming-Chung , Shiu Tzu-Fang , Chuang Cheng-Keng , Shih Lee-Yung , Chu Pao-Hsien 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Angiomyolipoma is a common benign renal tumor composed of thick-walled blood vessels, smooth muscle, and adipose tissue. It may be found incidentally during workup for suspected renal disease. Although angiomyolipoma may present as a palpable, tender renal mass with flank pain and gross or microscopic hematuria, many patients are asymptomatic. Erythrocytosis is an unusual presentation, and malignant transformation may be suspected. This report describes a rare case of a woman diagnosed with renal angiomyolipoma and polycythemia vera. The report discusses the differential diagnosis using erythropoietin, erythropoietin-receptor and Janus kinase 2.

Case presentation
A 79-year-old Chinese woman was diagnosed with erythrocytosis according to World Health Organization criteria. An upper left renal pole angiomyolipoma was successfully ablated after multiple phlebotomy treatments. Red cell count immediately returned to normal, but gradually increased after 4 months. Polycythemia vera was finally diagnosed by positive mutation of Janus kinase 2 and negative erythropoietin protein expression. Her clinical symptoms improved with regular phlebotomy and hydroxyurea treatment.

Conclusion
Concurrent occurence of angiomyolipoma and polycythemia vera is rare. Polycythemia vera can be easily missed. Polycythemia vera can be confirmed with high specificity and sensitivity by the acquired somatic mutation. Surgical intervention for this renal tumor should be avoided unless malignancy or renal cell carcinoma is suspected or to prevent spontaneous rupture of larger tumors.
Antipsychotic long-acting injections in clinical practice: Medication management and patient choice
Authors: Gray Richard , Spilling Rosalyn , Burgess David , Newey Tim 
Published: October 2009

BackgroundA patient-centred approach to care, focusing on recovery, demands a reconsideration of how choices are made about treatment, how this affects medication adherence, and the role of long-acting antipsychotics (LAIs) in this process.AimsTo explore the role of the mental health professional (particularly nurses) in helping patients manage their medication, with a specific focus of the use and administration of LAIs.MethodA pragmatic review of the literature.ResultsPatients (by experience) and mental health professionals (by training and clinical practice) are experts in the care and treatment of psychosis. When patients and clinicians make a joint decision both are more likely to adhere to the treatment plan. In this paper we consider good practice in the administration of LAIs that focuses on where and when they should be given and administration techniques. Skills for talking with patients about their medication that include exchanging information, monitoring the effects of medication and making advance choices about treatment in the event of a crisis are also discussed.ConclusionsMental health professionals require a range of competences to help patients manage their medication effectively.
Clinical guideline recommendations for antipsychotic long-acting injections
Authors: Kane John M. , Garcia-Ribera Carlos 
Published: October 2009

BackgroundLong-acting injections (LAIs) of antipsychotic drugs were developed over 40 years ago in an attempt to improve the long-term treatment of schizophrenia.AimsTo review existing guidelines concerning antipsychotic use generally, and LAIs in particular, and how patients might be identified as potential candidates for LAI treatment.MethodLiterature review.ResultsCurrently several first-generation and one second-generation antipsychotic LAIs are available, with others under development. Although the use of LAIs is widespread around the world, patterns of use vary widely. Important considerations regarding the use of LAIs include the indications for long-term pharmacotherapy in schizophrenia in general, the indications for LAIs, the risks associated with LAIs, the need to update guidelines and the issue of cost.ConclusionsThe use of these injections in first-episode psychosis and treatment-refractory schizophrenia is not currently a focus of recommendations, but should be considered. Long-acting injections remain an underutilised option in many countries despite frequent non-adherence with oral medication and subsequent relapse.
Historical perspective on antipsychotic long-acting injections
Authors: Johnson D. A. W. 
Published: October 2009

BackgroundClinical experience has shown considerable potential benefits from long-term continuous medication for chronic or relapsing forms of schizophrenia. These benefits have not always been realised.AimsTo review the research literature in order to understand the problems of long-term medication and use of antipsychotic oral medication and long-acting injections (LAIs), and to place these in an historical context.MethodReview of literature.ResultsResearch showed that the potential success of LAI therapy depends on the quality of the follow-up service.ConclusionsFollowing the advent of second-generation oral antipsychotics confidence in the use of LAIs has eroded and that mistakes made in LAI use during the past century may be repeated.
Analysis of trauma exposure, symptomatology and functioning in Jewish Israeli and Palestinian adolescents
Authors: Al-Krenawi Alean , Graham John R. , Kanat-Maymon Yaniv 
Published: October 2009

BackgroundThere has been no reported research comparing Jewish Israeli and Palestinian adolescents regarding the effect of ongoing political violence on adolescent psychosocial, family, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and aggression problems.AimsTo compare Israeli and Palestinian responses regarding the relationship between exposure to traumatic events and psychosocial, behavioural, emotional and family problems.MethodA cluster sample of youths aged 14–18 years, including 442 Jewish Israeli adolescents in Ariel, Haifa and Tel-Aviv, and 450 Palestinian adolescents in Gaza cities, villages and refugee camps were surveyed in 2006 using our Traumatic Events Questionnaire (TEV), the Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI), the PTSD Symptom Scale – Interview (PSS–I), the Index of Peer Relations scale (IPR), Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) and the MacMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD).ResultsPalestinian respondents had higher scores in the TEV, BSI, PSS–I and BPAQ questionnaires, and greater problems in functioning as revealed in the IPR and FAD. The social functioning of the adolescents with their peers predicted mental health symptoms and PTSD symptoms. Lower socioeconomic status predicted mental health symptoms, PTSD, pathology of participants' family functioning and the social functioning of the adolescents with their peers. Parents' education positively effected the FAD score and the avoidance item on the PSS–I, and religiosity improved the score on the FAD. Females reported more symptoms on the BSI and PSS–I than males, and males more symptoms on the FAD and IPR than females.ConclusionsBoth respondent groups had significant emotional and behavioural problems. Individual and community treatment, and community and social development, are likely to be useful for both populations, particularly Palestinians.
Guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Furmark Tomas , Carlbring Per , Hedman Erik , Sonnenstein Annika , Clevberger Peder , Bohman Benjamin , Eriksson Anneli , Hållén Agneta , Frykman Mandus , Holmström Annelie , Sparthan Elisabeth , Tillfors Maria , Ihrfelt Elisabeth Nilsson , Spak Maria , Eriksson Anna , Ekselius Lisa , Andersson Gerhard 
Published: October 2009

BackgroundInternet-delivered self-help programmes with added therapist guidance have shown efficacy in social anxiety disorder, but unguided self-help has been insufficiently studied.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy of guided and unguided self-help for social anxiety disorder.MethodParticipants followed a cognitive–behavioural self-help programme in the form of either pure bibliotherapy or an internet-based treatment with therapist guidance and online group discussions. A subsequent trial was conducted to evaluate treatment specificity. Participants (n = 235) were randomised to one of three conditions in the first trial, or one of four conditions in the second.ResultsPure bibliotherapy and the internet-based treatment were better than waiting list on measures of social anxiety, general anxiety, depression and quality of life. The internet-based therapy had the highest effect sizes, but directly comparable effects were noted for bibliotherapy augmented with online group discussions. Gains were well maintained a year later.ConclusionsUnguided self-help through bibliotherapy can produce enduring improvement for individuals with social anxiety disorder.
Towards ICD–11 and DSM–V: issues beyond ‘harmonisation’
Authors: Jablensky Assen 
Published: October 2009

SummaryIn the revision process leading up to DSM–V and ICD–11, it is important to highlight both similarities and differences between the two classifications. Where irreconcilable conceptual differences are involved, these should be stated in a manner inviting future research to elucidate the advantages and disadvantages of alternative concepts or definitions. Eventually, both DSM–V and ICD–11 will need to be assessed against a set of benchmarks of validity and utility.
Kisspeptin Increases γ-Aminobutyric Acidergic and Glutamatergic Transmission Directly to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in an Estradiol-Dependent Manner
Authors: Pielecka-Fortuna Justyna , Moenter Suzanne M. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
GnRH neurons are the final central pathway controlling fertility. Kisspeptin potently activates GnRH release via G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54). GnRH neurons express GPR54, and kisspeptin can act directly; however, GPR54 is broadly expressed, suggesting indirect actions are possible. Transsynaptic mechanisms are involved in estradiol-induced potentiation of GnRH neuron response to kisspeptin. To investigate these mechanisms, separate whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were performed of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic and glutamatergic transmission to GnRH neurons in brain slices before and during kisspeptin treatment. To determine whether estradiol alters the effect of kisspeptin on synaptic transmission, mice were ovariectomized and either left with no further treatment (OVX) or treated with estradiol implants (OVX+E). Cells were first studied in the morning when estradiol exerts negative feedback. Kisspeptin increased frequency and amplitude of GABAergic postsynaptic currents (PSCs) in GnRH neurons from OVX+E mice. Blocking action potentials eliminated the effect on frequency, indicating presynaptic actions. Amplitude changes were due to postsynaptic actions. Kisspeptin also increased frequency of glutamatergic excitatory PSCs in cells from OVX+E animals. Kisspeptin did not affect either GABAergic or glutamatergic transmission to GnRH neurons in cells from OVX mice, indicating effects on transmission are estradiol dependent. In contrast to stimulatory effects on GABAergic PSC frequency during negative feedback, kisspeptin had no effect during positive feedback. These data suggest estradiol enables kisspeptin-mediated increases in GABA and glutamate transmission to GnRH neurons. Furthermore, the occlusion of the response during positive feedback implies one consequence of estradiol positive feedback is an increase in transmission to GnRH neurons mediated by endogenous kisspeptin.
Minireview: Physiological and Pathological Actions of RAS in the Ovary
Authors: Fan Heng-Yu , Richards JoAnne S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe small G proteins of the RAS superfamily act as molecular switches in the transduction of cellular signals critical for a wide range of normal developmental events as well as pathological processes. However, the functions of Ras genes in ovarian cells have only started to be unveiled. RAS, most likely KRAS that is highly expressed in granulosa cells of growing follicles, appears crucial for mediating the gonadotropin-induced events associated with the unique physiological process of ovulation. By contrast, conditional expression of a constitutively active KrasG12D mutant in granulosa cells results in ovulation defects due to the complete disruption of normal follicular growth, cessation of granulosa cell proliferation, and blockage of granulosa cell apoptosis and differentiation. When the tumor suppressor Pten is disrupted conditionally in the KrasG12D-expressing granulosa cells, granulosa cell tumors fail to develop. However, ovarian surface epithelial cells expressing the same Pten;KrasG12D mutations rapidly become ovarian surface epithelial serous cystadenocarcinomas. In this minireview, we summarize some of the physiological as well as pathological functions of RAS in the rodent ovary, discuss the implications of the KrasG12D mutant mouse models for understanding human diseases such as premature ovarian failure and ovarian cancers, and highlight new questions raised by the results of recent studies.
Periacetabular osteotomy reduces the dynamic instability of dysplastic hips
Authors: Maeyama A. , Naito M. , Moriyama S. , Yoshimura I. 
Published: October 2009

We compared the dynamic instability of 25 dysplastic hips in 25 patients using triaxial accelerometry before and one year after periacetabular osteotomy. We also evaluated the hips clinically using the Harris hip score and assessed acetabular orientation by radiography before surgery and after one year. The mean overall magnitude of acceleration was significantly reduced from 2.30 m/s 2 (sd 0.57) before operation to 1.55 m/s 2 (sd 0.31) afterwards. The mean Harris hip score improved from 78.08 (47 to 96) to 95.36 points (88 to 100). The radiographic parameters all showed significant improvements. This study suggests that periacetabular osteotomy provides pain relief, improves acetabular cover and reduces the dynamic instability in patients with dysplastic hips.
Mason type IV fractures of the elbow
Authors: Herbertsson P. , Hasserius R. , Josefsson P. O. , Besjakov J. , Nyquist F. , Nordqvist A. , Karlsson M. K. 
Published: October 2009

A total of 14 women and seven men with a mean age of 43 years (18 to 68) who sustained a Mason type IV fracture of the elbow, without an additional type II or III coronoid fracture, were evaluated after a mean of 21 years (14 to 46). Primary treatment included closed elbow reduction followed by immobilisation in a plaster in all cases, with an additional excision of the radial head in 11, partial resection in two and suturing of the annular ligament in two. Delayed radial head excision was performed in two patients and an ulnar nerve transposition in one. The uninjured elbows served as controls. Nine patients had no symptoms, 11 reported slight impairment, and one severe impairment of the elbow. Elbow flexion was impaired by a mean of 3° (sd 4) and extension by a mean of 9° (sd 4) (p < 0.01). None experienced chronic elbow instability or recurrent dislocation. There were more degenerative changes in the formerly injured elbows, but none had developed a reduction in joint space. We conclude that most patients with a Mason type IV fracture of the elbow report a good long-term outcome.
Total femoral endoprosthetic replacement following excision of bone tumours
Authors: Sewell M. D. , Spiegelberg B. G. I. , Hanna S. A. , Aston W. J. S. , Bartlett W. , Blunn G. W. , David L. A. , Cannon S. R. , Briggs T. W. R. 
Published: October 2009

We undertook a retrospective review of 33 patients who underwent total femoral endoprosthetic replacement as limb salvage following excision of a malignant bone tumour. In 22 patients this was performed as a primary procedure following total femoral resection for malignant disease. Revision to a total femoral replacement was required in 11 patients following failed segmental endoprosthetic or allograft reconstruction. There were 33 patients with primary malignant tumours, and three had metastatic lesions. The mean age of the patients was 31 years (5 to 68). The mean follow-up was 4.2 years (9 months to 16.4 years). At five years the survival of the implants was 100%, with removal as the endpoint and 56% where the endpoint was another surgical intervention. At five years the patient survival was 32%. Complications included dislocation of the hip in six patients (18%), local recurrence in three (9%), peri-prosthetic fracture in two and infection in one. One patient subsequently developed pulmonary metastases. There were no cases of aseptic loosening or amputation. Four patients required a change of bushings. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumour Society functional outcome score was 67%, the mean Harris Hip Score was 70, and the mean Oxford Knee Score was 34. Total femoral endoprosthetic replacement can provide good functional outcome without compromising patient survival, and in selected cases provides an effective alternative to amputation.
Ceramic-on-ceramic bearing surface and risk of revision due to dislocation after primary total hip replacement
Authors: Sexton S. A. , Walter W. L. , Jackson M. P. , De Steiger R. , Stanford T. 
Published: October 2009

Dislocation is a common reason for revision following total hip replacement. This study investigated the relationship between the bearing surface and the risk of revision due to dislocation. It was based on 110 239 primary total hip replacements with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis collected by the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry between September 1999 and December 2007. A total of 862 (0.78%) were revised because of dislocation. Ceramic-on-ceramic bearing surfaces had a lower risk of requiring revision due to dislocation than did metal-on-polyethylene and ceramic-on-polyethylene surfaces, with a follow-up of up to seven years. However, ceramic-on-ceramic implants were more likely to have larger prosthetic heads and to have been implanted in younger patients. The size of the head of the femoral component and age are known to be independent predictors of dislocation. Therefore, the outcomes were stratified by the size of the head and age. There is a significantly higher rate of revision for dislocation in ceramic-on-ceramic bearing surfaces than in metal-on-polyethylene implants when smaller sizes (≤ 28 mm) of the head were used in younger patients (< 65 years) (hazard ratio = 1.53, p = 0.041) and also with larger (> 28 mm) and in older patients (≥ 65 years) (hazard ratio = 1.73, p = 0.016).