bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrocortisone attenuates cyclosporin A‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Ciarcia Roberto , Damiano Sara , Fiorito Filomena , Granato Giovanna , Pagnini Francesco , Mastellone Vincenzo , Iovane Valentina , Alfano Luigi , Valenti Fabio , Florio Salvatore , Giordano Antonio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCyclosporin A (CsA) is the prototype of immunosuppressant drugs that have revolutionized the management of all transplantation and autoimmune diseases. Side effects of CsA mainly affecting the kidney but also observed in liver and heart, limit the therapeutic use of this drug after organ transplantation. The renal toxicity of CsA is attributed to reduced renal blood flow which leads to hypoxia‐reoxygenation injury accompanied by excessive generation of oxygen‐derived free radicals. In several therapeutic protocols, CsA is used in association with corticosteroids to obtain better therapeutic results. Recently, our studies showed that hydrocortisone (HY) has a protective effect on CsA‐induced cardiotoxicity. In fact our previous results demonstrated that in rat cardiomyocytes, CsA toxicity is due to a calcium overload, which in turn induce lipid peroxidation and determines oxidative stress‐induced cell injury. Treatment with HY effectively inhibits CsA‐induced toxicity, decreasing lipid peroxidation as well as calcium intracellular concentration. In this study we evaluated in vivo the effects of CsA, used alone or in association with HY, on some parameters of renal dysfunction (blood urea nitrogen; BUN, creatinine, and cholesterol), malondialdheyde (MDA) levels, antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and apoptosis. CsA administration for 24 days resulted in a marked renal oxidative stress, which significantly deranged the renal functions. Treatment with CsA in association with HY significantly improved the renal dysfunction and renal oxidative status. This study clearly suggests the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CsA‐induced nephrotoxicity. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 997–1004, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Challenges and opportunities of metabolomics
Authors: Johnson Caroline H. , Gonzalez Frank J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe metabolome is a data‐rich source of information concerning all the low‐molecular‐weight metabolites in a biofluid, which can indicate early biological changes to the host due to perturbations in metabolic pathways. Major changes can be seen after minor stimuli, which make it a valuable target for analysis. Due to the diverse and sensitive nature of the metabolome, studies must be designed in a manner to maintain consistency, reduce variation between subjects, and optimize information recovery. Technological advancements in experimental design, mouse models and instrumentation have aided in this effort. Metabolomics has the ultimate potential to be valuable in a clinical setting where it could be used for early diagnosis of a disease and as a predictor of treatment response and survival. During drug treatment, the metabolic status of an individual could be monitored and used to indicate possible toxic effects. Metabolomics therefore has great potential for improving diagnosis, treatment and aftercare of disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2975–2981, 2012. Published 2011. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Epigenetics of µ‐opioid receptors: Intersection with HIV‐1 infection of the central nervous system
Authors: Regan Patrick M. , Dave Rajnish S. , Datta Prasun K. , Khalili Kamel 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe abuse of intravenous drugs, such as heroin, has become a major public health concern due to the increased risk of HIV‐1 infection. Opioids such as heroin were originally identified and subsequently abused for their analgesic effects. However, many investigations have found additional effects of opioids, including regulation of the immune system. As such, chronic opioid abuse has been shown to promote HIV‐1 pathogenesis and facilitate HIV‐1‐associated neurocognitive dysfunction. Clinical opioids, such as morphine and methadone, as well as illicit opioids, such as heroin, exert their effects primarily through interactions with the µ‐opioid receptor (MOR). However, the mechanisms by which opioids enhance neurocognitive dysfunction through MOR‐mediated signaling pathways are not completely understood. New findings in the regulation of MOR expression, particularly epigenetic and transcriptional regulation as well as alternative splicing, sheds new insights into possible mechanisms of HIV‐1 and opiate synergy. In this review, we identify mechanisms regulating MOR expression and propose novel mechanisms by which opioids and HIV‐1 may modulate this regulation. Additionally, we suggest that differential regulation of newly identified MOR isoforms by opioids and HIV‐1 has functional consequence in enhancing HIV‐1 neurocognitive dysfunction. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2832–2841, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preoperative US‐guided hookwire localization for nonpalpable cervical masses
Authors: Yeon Park Ji , Hyuck Park Noh , Yoon Yi Seong , Ko Myung‐Su , Jin Park Hee 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose.We investigated whether the preoperative ultrasound (US)‐guided hookwire localization for nonpalpable cervical masses allows surgeons to find these masses more easily and more confidently.Methods.Eight patients underwent preoperative US‐guided hookwire insertion for nonpalpable cervical masses at our institution between January 2008 and January 2011. Cervical masses were detected by US or CT, and seven of the eight patients underwent US‐guided fine‐needle aspiration. Before surgery, a radiologist inserted a hookwire into the cervical mass, under US guidance.Results.US‐guided hookwire insertion took about 5–10 minutes and was successful in all cases without complications. Final pathologic results were metastatic papillary thyroid cancer (n = 4), no metastasis (n = 1), parathyroid adenoma (n = 1), tuberculosis (n = 1), and Kikuchi's disease (n = 1).Conclusions.Preoperative US‐guided hookwire insertion in nonpalpable cervical lesions provides surgeons with an effective means of lesion location. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Liver MRI in the hepatocyte phase with gadolinium‐EOB‐DTPA: Does increasing the flip angle improve conspicuity and detection rate of hypointense lesions?
Authors: Bashir Mustafa R. , Husarik Daniela B. , Ziemlewicz Tim J. , Gupta Rajan T. , Boll Daniel T. , Merkle Elmar M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To compare conspicuity and detection rate of hypointense lesions on T1‐weighted (T1w) gradient echo (GRE) sequences with low and high flip angles (FA) in hepatocyte phase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using gadoxetate disodium.Materials and Methods:This Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)‐compliant study was Institutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved. The study population consisted of patients with hypointense liver lesions undergoing MRI with gadoxetate disodium, with hepatocyte‐phase fat suppressed 3D T1w GRE sequences at both low (10–12°) and high (30–35°) FA. Contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs) were calculated for liver parenchyma vs. large lesions and common bile duct (CBD) vs. liver. Three radiologists each assigned a conspicuity score (CS) for each lesion detected at low or high FA. Paired Student's t‐tests compared the lesion detection (LD) rate using only the hepatocyte phase data set compared with the entire MRI examination, and CS for low and high FA.Results:In all, 57 large and 70 small lesions were identified in 18 patients. Average LD and CS were significantly greater at high FA versus low FA overall (LD 89.0% vs. 79.5%; CS 2.8 vs. 2.2; P < 0.05) and for small lesions (81.4% vs. 65.7%; 2.5 vs. 1.8; P < 0.05). Average liver‐to‐lesion CNR for large lesions and CBD‐to‐liver CNR was significantly greater at high FA (P < 0.05).Conclusion:Increasing the FA in hepatocyte phase MRI with gadoxetate disodium improves hypointense lesion detection and conspicuity, particularly for small lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:611‐616. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bone tissue composition varies across anatomic sites in the proximal femur and the iliac crest
Authors: Donnelly Eve , Meredith Dennis S. , Nguyen Joseph T. , Boskey Adele L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe extent to which bone tissue composition varies across anatomic sites in normal or pathologic tissue is largely unknown, although pathologic changes in bone tissue composition are typically assumed to occur throughout the skeleton. Our objective was to compare the composition of normal cortical and trabecular bone tissue across multiple anatomic sites. The composition of cadaveric bone tissue from three anatomic sites was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared imaging: iliac crest (IC), greater trochanter (GT), and subtrochanteric femur (ST). The mean mineral:matrix ratio was 20% greater in the subtrochanteric cortex than in the cortices of the iliac crest (p = 0.004) and the greater trochanter (p = 0.02). There were also trends toward 30% narrower crystallinity distributions in the subtrochanteric cortex than in the greater trochanter (p = 0.10) and 30% wider crystallinity distributions in the subtrochanteric trabeculae than in the greater trochanter (p = 0.054) and the iliac crest (p = 0.11). Thus, the average cortical tissue mineral content and the widths of the distributions of cortical crystal size/perfection differ at the subtrochanteric femur relative to the greater trochanter and the iliac crest. In particular, the cortex of the iliac crest has lower mineral content relative to that of the subtrochanteric femur and may have limited utility as a surrogate for subtrochanteric bone. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:700–706, 2012
Physical properties of a Luvisol for different long‐term fertilization treatments: I. Mesoscale capacity and intensity parameters
Authors: Holthusen Dörthe , Jänicke Markus , Peth Stephan , Horn Rainer 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe physical properties of a Luvisol derived from loess near Bonn, Germany, under different long‐term fertilization treatments were examined. For the investigation of the impact of farmyard manure (FYM) on soil strength at the mesoscale (100 to 300 cm3 soil cores), undisturbed samples were taken from two different depths (10 and 40 cm), either with no fertilization at all, with full mineral fertilization, with FYM only, and with both mineral and organic fertilization. We investigated hydraulic and mechanical parameters, namely precompression stress, pore‐size distribution, saturated hydraulic and air conductivity, and calculated pore connectivity. Long‐term organic fertilization resulted in significantly more and coarser pores which in addition were more conductant and mechanically stronger by trend. Mineral fertilization also increased pore volume by trend but not pore functionality. Mechanical strength generally increased with fertilization by trend, however, was reduced again when organic and mineral fertilization were combined. Nonetheless, FYM led to relatively higher soil strength as the FYM‐treated plots with lower bulk density attained similar soil strength as the unfertilized but denser plots and thus supported the soil‐improving impact of organic amendments. The subsoil physical properties were rather unaffected by fertilization, but were dominated by texture.
Assessment of cropping‐system impact on soil organic matter levels in short‐term field experiments
Authors: Brock Christopher , Knies‐Deventer Hannah , Leithold Günter 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIt has been suggested that short‐term field experiments are not suitable for the quantitative assessment of cropping‐systems impact on soil organic matter (SOM) levels in arable soils, as expectable temporal changes are very small compared to a large spatial variation of SOM background levels. However, applying an optimized sampling design based on repeated sampling in small plots, we were able to detect soil total carbon (STC) and nitrogen (STN) changes in the magnitude of ≈ 1% (STC) and ≈ 2% (STN) of background levels with only four replications, respectively. Gradually enlarging the sample size up to n = 24 did not considerably improve change detectability with STC, but with STN (n = 15 allowing for the dection of ≈ 1% change of background levels). The common calculation of minimum detectable differences (MDD) based on a state analysis of SOM levels instead of repeated measurements considerably underestimated change detectability.
Vectors of volunteerism: Correlates of volunteer retention, recruitment, and job satisfaction
Authors: Dwiggins‐Beeler Rachel , Spitzberg Brian , Roesch Scott 
Published: October 2011

AbstractVolunteers are a rapidly growing segment of the workforce population, contributing both time and resources to the success of many organizations. Utilizing quantitative data from a survey, this study first develops a theoretical model of nonprofit volunteer participation and satisfaction and tests this model through structural equation modeling. The data derive from over 250 volunteers of a nonprofit organization located in a large southwestern urban area. Specifically, this study investigates the relationship of volunteer motivation, organizational communication, and structural barriers with job satisfaction, intent to remain with the organization, and intent to engage in volunteer‐initiated recruitment. A slightly modified model derived from the theorized model received support. Motivation predicted satisfaction with organizational communication, which in turn predicted perceived barriers, job satisfaction, commitment, and intentions to recruit others. Implications are examined both for the theory of organizational communication and the recruitment of volunteers for nonprofit organizations.
Stereotype threat in India: Gender and leadership choices
Authors: Prasad Ambika 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study sheds light on the leadership aspirations of Indian women from the perspective of the stereotype threat theory. Stereotype threat is a predicament experienced by members of a negatively stereotyped group in situations in which they fear confirming the stereotype. The author examined the phenomenon in a work context in India, thereby extending previous research to another culture. In the reported study, 90 graduate students from a professional institute viewed Indian advertisements under three conditions (gender stereotypic, neutral, and counter‐stereotypic). The impact of these advertisements was measured by whether participants chose a leadership or a problem‐solver role on a subsequent task. It was proposed that stereotypic images would activate stereotype threat, causing women to avoid leadership roles outside the home. The analysis revealed condition as a determining factor in the role choices of subjects. No proof of mediation was found, although role conflict emerged as a variable of potential interest. The results and their implications in organizational contexts are discussed.
Immunohistochemical localization of enkephalin in the human striatum: A postmortem ultrastructural study
Authors: Mccollum Lesley A. , Roche Joy K. , Roberts Rosalinda C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWithin the basal ganglia, the functionally defined region referred to as the striatum contains a subset of GABAergic medium spiny neurons expressing the neuropeptide enkephalin. Although the major features of ultrastructural enkephalin localization in striatum have been characterized among various species, its ultrastructural organization has never been studied in the human brain. Human striatal tissue was obtained from the Maryland and Alabama Brain Collections from eight normal controls. The brains were received and fixed within 8 h of death allowing for excellent preservation suitable for electron microscopy. Tissue from the dorsal striatum was processed for enkephalin immunoreactivity and prepared for electron microscopy. General morphology of the dorsal striatum was consistent with light microscopy in human. The majority of neurons labeled with enkephalin was medium‐sized and had a large nonindented nucleus with a moderate amount of cytoplasm, characteristic of medium spiny neurons. Of the spines receiving synapses in dorsal striatum, 39% were labeled for enkephalin and were of varied morphologies. Small percentages (2%) of synapses were formed by labeled axon terminals. Most (82%) labeled terminals formed symmetric synapses. Enkephalin‐labeled terminals showed no preference toward spines or dendrites for postsynaptic targets, whereas in rat and monkey, the vast majority of synapses in the neuropil are formed with dendritic shafts. Thus, there is an increase in the prevalence of axospinous synapses formed by enkephalin‐labeled axon terminals in human compared with other species. Quantitative differences in synaptic features were also seen between the caudate nucleus and the putamen in the human tissue. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dopaminergic modulation of nitric oxide synthase activity in subregions of the rat nucleus accumbens
Authors: Hoque Kristina E. , West Anthony R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous neurotransmitter synthesized in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) by aspiny interneurons containing neuronal NO synthase (nNOS). nNOS activity is readily assayed using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‐diaphorase (NADPH‐d) staining and is believed to be regulated by activation of dopamine (DA) D1‐ and D2‐like receptors. However, the role of DA transmission in the regulation of nNOS activity in identified subregions of the NAc remains unexplored. In this study, the impact of pharmacological manipulations of D1, D2, and NMDA receptors on nNOS activity was determined using optical density measures of NADPH‐d staining preformed in multiple subdivisions (core, medial shell, intermediate shell, and lateral shell) of the NAc. Awake behaving rats received systemic administration of vehicle and/or the following drugs ∼25 min prior to tissue harvesting: the nNOS inhibitor NG‐propyl‐L‐arginine (NPA), the D1 receptor agonist SKF 81297, the D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390, the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole (QNP), the D2 receptor antagonist eticlopride (ETI), or the NMDA receptor antagonist 3‐((±)2‐carboxypiperazin‐4‐yl)propyl‐1‐phosphonic acid (CPP). In vehicle‐treated animals, a distinct medial‐lateral histochemical gradient of NADPH‐d staining was observed, which was characterized by moderate staining in the core and medial shell and more robust staining in the intermediate and lateral shell. Administration of NPA, SCH 23390, QNP, and CPP attenuated staining preferentially in the intermediate and lateral shell. SKF 81297 and ETI administration consistently increased staining in the medial shell in a manner, which was attenuated following pretreatment with SCH 23390, QNP, NPA, and CPP. These observations demonstrate that nNOS activity measured in distinct subregions of the NAc is differentially modulated by DA D1 and D2 receptor activation. Moreover, these findings demonstrate for the first time that DA D1 and D2 receptor activation regulates the facilitatory influence of glutamatergic transmission on nNOS activity in the NAc medial shell via facilitation (D1) or suppression (D2) of NMDA receptor function. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Chemical Bonding of the Zintl Phase Rb7NaSi8
Authors: Goebel Thorsten , Prots Yurii , Ormeci Alim , Pecher Oliver , Haarmann Frank 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAbstract. The Zintl phase Rb7NaSi8 was synthesized as single‐phase material. Powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, thermal analysis, chemical analysis, measurement of the magnetic susceptibility, and 23Na, 29Si, and 87Rb nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed to characterize the material. Rb7NaSi8 crystallizes in the Rb7NaGe8 type of structure forming trigonal pyramidal anions Si44–. Two unique environments of the cations are observed, the linear arrangement [Na(Si4)2]7– with short Na–Si distances of 2.94 Å and the Rb2 atom coordinated by six Si44– anions with long Rb–Si distances of 4.09 Å. The environment of the Rb1 atom is similar to the coordination of the rubidium atoms in Rb4Si4. The chemical bonding was investigated by quantum mechanical calculations of the electron localizability indicator (ELI), the electronic density of states (DOS), and NMR coupling parameters. Good agreement of theoretically calculated and experimentally determined NMR coupling parameters was obtained for both chemical shielding and quadrupole coupling. The anisotropy of chemical shielding (CSA) indicates an anisotropic bonding situation of the silicon atoms. This is confirmed by the observation of a lone‐pair‐like feature and three two‐center Si–Si bonds for each silicon atom using the ELI. The electric field gradients (EFG) of 23Na and 87Rb indicate the anisotropy of the charge distribution of the cations. In particular, the linear arrangement [Na(Si4)2]7– and the Rb1 atom feature anisotropic charge distributions of the cations. This is confirmed by calculating the anisotropy ratio defined as Δnp = n(pz)/(½[n(px)+n(py)]) with n(pi) corresponding to the integrated DOS of the respective state. The long distances of Rb2 to the six coordinating Si44– ions are reflected by the small EFG.
Composition Analysis of Free Fatty Acids from Swertia Species by a Novel Pre‐column Fluorescence Labelling Method Using HPLC‐FLD
Authors: Li Guoliang , Song Cuihua , You Jinmao , Zhang Xiaolong , Chen Guang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFree fatty acids (FFA) are basic and indispensable components of medicinal plants. Many researches indicate that the efficacy of medicinal plant requires the presence of FFA. In the present study, ultrasonic‐assisted extraction of FFA from Swertia species was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), ensuring the highest FFA recoveries. A novel pre‐column fluorescence labelling method using 2‐(5‐benzoacridine)ethyl‐p‐toluenesulfonate (BAETS) as a labelling reagent has been developed for highly sensitive and selective analysis of FFA by HPLC with fluorescent detection (FLD) and online mass spectrometry identification. RSM was also employed to optimize the fluorescence labelling of FFA. HPLC separation of 17 FFA derivatives was carried out on a reversed‐phase Hypersil BDS C8 column (4.6 × 200 mm, 5 μm, Agilent Co.) with a gradient elution. The detection limits and quantifications were as low as 0.60 and 1.22 ng mL−1, respectively. FFA analysis from nine Swertia species was performed by the newly developed method, and the FFA composition of these Swertia samples was first reported.
Decision-Support Tool in Prehospital Care: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials
Authors: Hagiwara Magnus , Henricson Maria , Jonsson Anders , Suserud Björn-Ove 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the decision support tool (DST) on the assessment of the acutely ill or injured out-of-hospital patient.Methods: This study included systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCT) where the DST was compared to usual care in and out of the hospital setting. The databases scanned include: (1)Cochrane Reviews(up to January 2010); (2)Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials(1979 to January 2010); (3)Cinahl(1986 to January 2010); and (4)Pubmed/Medline(1926 to January 2010). In addition, information was gathered from related magazines, prehospital home pages, databases for theses, conferences, grey literature and ongoing trials.Results: Use of the DST in prehospital care may have the possibility to decrease “time to definitive care” and improve diagnostic accuracy among prehospital personnel, but more studies are needed.Conclusions: The amount of data in this review is too small to be able to draw any reliable conclusions about the impact of the use of the DST on prehospital care. The research in this review indicates that there are very few RCTs that evaluate the use of the DST in prehospital care.