bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability of Wagyu cattle estimated by statistical approaches
Authors: OYAMA Kenji 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe genetic evaluation of economically important traits utilizes estimates of genetic variability, which are represented by heritability. This review summarizes the published heritabilities of traits estimated in Wagyu cattle. Two different mean heritabilities, unweighted and weighted by standard errors, were calculated. In Japanese Black cattle, the average unweighted and weighted direct heritabilities of birth weight were 0.35 and 0.28, respectively, whereas the respective maternal heritabilities were 0.17 and 0.07. The mean unweighted heritability of calf market weight was estimated to be 0.30 in Japanese Black cattle. The mean unweighted heritability of daily gain during performance testing was 0.29 in Japanese Black and 0.40 in Japanese Shorthorn cattle. In Japanese Black cattle, the unweighted mean heritability was 0.48 for carcass weight, 0.46 for rib‐eye area, 0.38 for rib thickness, 0.39 for subcutaneous fat thickness, and 0.55 for marbling. The mean weighted heritability of the calving interval was low, and estimated to be 0.05. In general, the heritabilities estimated in Wagyu cattle were similar to those estimated in other beef breeds.
STATISTICAL PACKAGE CLUSTERING MAY NOT BE BEST FOR GROUPING CONSUMERS TO UNDERSTAND THEIR MOST LIKED PRODUCTS
Authors: YENKET RENOO , CHAMBERS EDGAR , JOHNSON DALLAS E. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTEnsuring that new products satisfy specific groups of consumers can impact successful product development. In sensory studies, cluster analysis has been used to segment consumers. Researchers often analyze mean values of products for consumer segments, presuming that the segmented consumers like or dislike similar products. This study investigates how well most/least liked products match for individual members of clusters using various cluster methods in two sensory studies. Four statistical package clustering (SPC) methods were used with hedonic data and data transformed to ranks. Next, the products most frequently rated/ranked highest in each cluster were examined. Four manual clustering groups were extracted and compared with the results of the SPC methods. Standard SPC was not found to separate consumers appropriately to understand their ranking/rating of most/least liked products. For these data, additional manual clustering was necessary to produce consumer cluster segments where the consumers within each group had the same highest/lowest scoring products.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSStatistical package clustering (SPC) is a common method for determining consumer clusters, but it may not be the best method for separating consumers or for understanding their most or least liked products. The findings from this research show that the assumption that cluster analysis will produce clusters containing consumers who have the same most or least liked products is false. This is important because it shows that clustering consumers using typical SPC may not produce the homogeneous segments that researchers would like to obtain. This can impact further analyses of data for product optimization and preference mapping. SPC with further manual clustering is recommended for more homogeneous segments. In addition, new SPC methods should be developed that generate cluster segments that are more homogeneous.
Perceived barriers to immunizations as identified by Latino mothers
Authors: Adorador Anita , McNulty Rita , Hart Dynnette , Fitzpatrick Joyce J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPurpose: Identify low‐income Latino mothers’ perceived barriers to immunizations.Data sources: A 1‐month survey was conducted in a Southern California, low‐income primary care clinic. Mothers of Latino children aged 2 months to 18 years were surveyed in Spanish using a 52‐question immunization survey.Conclusions: Latino mothers’ perception of immunizations and knowledge of up‐to‐date status greatly influenced their children's immunization status. In addition, Latino children had lower immunization rates and encountered more barriers to immunizations than children in other population groups despite government efforts to provide vaccines to healthcare providers at no cost to assist low‐income children. Most mothers (92%) believed their children were up‐to‐date on immunizations; however, immunization records documented that 42% of the children were current based on age. The most common barriers reported were that the child was sick at the time of the visit (51%) and/or transportation problems (39%).Implications for practice: When working with low‐income, uninsured Latinos, nurse practitioners and other healthcare professionals with low immunization rates in their clinic must assess the barriers to immunization and implement an action plan.
Development of a conceptual nursing model for the implementation of spiritual care in adult primary healthcare settings by nurse practitioners
Authors: Carron Rebecca , Cumbie Sharon Ann 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this research was to develop a conceptual nursing model for the implementation of spiritual care in adult primary care by nurse practitioners (NPs), with an emphasis on older adults.Data sources: The study was a descriptive, qualitative design incorporating a grounded theory and phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants to obtain a broad perspective of the lived experience of spirituality in primary care. Fourteen interviews were conducted with older adults, family NPs, community spiritual leaders/educators, and nuns. Data were analyzed using a constant comparative approach to identify themes of spiritual care.Conclusions: The results demonstrated that as the NP–patient relationship develops, the opportunity is often present for the NP to explore the adult's spiritual system. The NP and adult may develop an interspiritual relationship with the potential to use the adult's spirituality as a support resource.Implications for practice: The nursing model reflects a spiritual‐relational view. As the NP and older adult grow in relationship, they can grow into knowledge and use of spirit. The NP can use the adult's spirituality as a resource for helping the adult cope with ongoing and emerging problems. The model provides spiritual care guidance for NPs through evidence‐based concepts.
Development of a dosing algorithm in a nurse‐managed outpatient anticoagulation clinic
Authors: Hefter Gail B. , Stack Janice 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPurpose: To compare the effectiveness of an algorithm created for use in a nurse‐managed outpatient anticoagulation clinic with the use of clinical judgment without formalized guidelines.Data source: A search of the databases in Pub Med and the Cumulative Index to Nursing of articles published through November 2009 yielded 19 articles concerning warfarin, practice guidelines, and use of algorithms.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted comparing 179 consecutive patient visits in September 2007 with 206 consecutive patient visits in 2009 at the Johns Hopkins Outpatient Anticoagulation Clinic. An algorithm was created that incorporated “removeable causes” to aid nurses in decision making when, for example, additions and deletions of new medications are added that interact with warfarin (Coumadin).Results: In both years, there was a greater percentage of no change versus change in warfarin dose reflecting stable dosage patterns in both years. Chi‐square analysis showed no statistical significance in the relationship between dosing changes and year. A significant relationship was found, however, between removeable causes and year, suggesting improved documentation of removable causes in 2009.Implications for practice: Further study with a larger prospective randomized sample population is needed to more accurately assess the algorithm's effect on time in therapeutic range (TTR).
Mechanistic Theories of Causality Part I
Authors: Williamson Jon 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPart I of this paper introduces a range of mechanistic theories of causality, including process theories and the complex‐systems theories, and some of the problems they face. Part II argues that while there is a decisive case against a purely mechanistic analysis, a viable theory of causality must incorporate mechanisms as an ingredient, and describes one way of providing an analysis of causality which reaps the rewards of the mechanistic approach without succumbing to its pitfalls.
Mechanistic Theories of Causality Part II
Authors: Williamson Jon 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPart I of this paper introduced a range of mechanistic theories of causality, including process theories and the complex‐systems theories, and some of the problems they face. Part II argues that while there is a decisive case against a purely mechanistic analysis, a viable theory of causality must incorporate mechanisms as an ingredient, and describes one way of providing an analysis of causality which reaps the rewards of the mechanistic approach without succumbing to its pitfalls.
Locke on Personal Identity
Authors: Weinberg Shelley 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLocke’s account of personal identity has been highly influential because of its emphasis on a psychological criterion. The same consciousness is required for being the same person. It is not so clear, however, exactly what Locke meant by ‘consciousness’ or by ‘having the same consciousness’. Interpretations vary: consciousness is seen as identical to memory, as identical to a first personal appropriation of mental states, and as identical to a first personal distinctive experience of the qualitative features of one’s own thinking. There is wide agreement, however, that Locke’s theory of personal identity is meant to complement his moral and theological commitments to a system of divine punishment and reward in an afterlife. But these commitments seem to require also a metaphysical criterion, and Locke is insistent that it cannot be substance. The difficulty reconciling the psychological and metaphysical requirements of the theory has led, at worst, to charges of incoherence and, at best, to a slew of interpretations, none of which is widely accepted.
Drawing the Line: Art Versus Pornography
Authors: Maes Hans 
Published: June 2011

AbstractArt and pornography are often thought to be mutually exclusive. The present article argues that this popular view is without adequate support. Section 1 looks at some of the classic ways of drawing the distinction between these two domains of representation. In Section 2, it is argued that the classic dichotomies (subjectivity versus objectification, the beautiful versus the smutty, contemplation versus arousal, the complex versus the one‐dimensional, the original versus the formulaic, imagination versus fantasy) may help to illuminate the differences between certain prototypical instances of pornography and art, but will not serve to justify the claim that pornography and art are fundamentally incompatible. Section 3 considers those definitions of pornography that make an a priori distinction between pornographic and artistic representations. The difference between the ‘merely’ erotic and the pornographic is also discussed in this context. Section 4 provides a critical assessment of the most recent and elaborate arguments against the compatibility of pornography and art. Finally, in Section 5, a case is made for the existence of pornographic art, as a subcategory of erotic art.
Constitutional Interpretation: Non‐originalism
Authors: Berman Mitchell N. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDebates over the proper theory of, or approach to, constitutional interpretation rage through many Western constitutional democracies. Although the number of distinct theories, if finely individuated, might match the number of theorists who have entered the fray, it has become customary to group the competing accounts into two broad camps, commonly labeled ‘originalism’ and ‘non‐originalism’. This article presents an overview of non‐originalist approaches to constitutional interpretation. However, because non‐originalism is defined as the negation of originalism – that is, diverse theories are grouped together as ‘non‐originalist,’ not so much by what they commonly affirm, as by what they commonly deny – the project naturally focuses as well on originalist theories of interpretation. After specifying what originalism maintains, and what objections it encounters, the essay sketches some of the more prominent non‐originalist approaches to constitutional interpretation and identifies some of the criticisms they face and worries they provoke. Preliminarily, it explains why ‘theories of constitutional interpretation’ constitute only a subset of ‘theories of judicial review.’
Quantitative review of antibody response to inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines
Authors: Seidman Jessica C. , Richard Stephanie A. , Viboud Cécile , Miller Mark A. 
Published: June 2011

Please cite this paper as: Seidman et al. (2012) Quantitative review of antibody response to inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(1), 52–62.Background  Seasonal influenza epidemics are associated with significant morbidity and mortality each year, particularly amongst young children and the elderly. Seasonal influenza vaccines have been available for decades, yet influenza remains a major public health threat in the US, sparking interest in studies evaluating the effectiveness of vaccination.Objectives  We sought to identify determinants of serological responses to inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines including number of doses, adjuvant, and subject characteristics.Methods  We reviewed 60 articles published between 1987 and 2006. We used weighted multiple logistic regression and random‐effects models to evaluate how seroconversion and seroprotection rates varied with host and vaccine factors.Results  Both children and seniors tended to have poorer immune responses compared to adults whereas use of adjuvant and a second vaccine dose tended to improve immune response. Pre‐vaccination serological status had a large impact on the immune response to vaccination. We found substantial heterogeneity among studies, even with similar population settings and vaccination regimen.Conclusions  Future studies should stratify their results by pre‐vaccination serological status in an effort to produce more precise summary estimates of vaccine response.
A simple intravenous cannulation practical teaching technique: a technical note
Authors: Chalmers E. , O'Brien C. , Robb N. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAim:  To create a simple practical teaching technique to aid cannulation skills.Materials:  A cannula and medical adhesive technique.Results:  A technique was created and described in this technical note.Conclusions:  The technique created could be used as a useful adjunct in teaching both students and health professionals on how to place an IV cannuala.
Compliance with Sling-Wearing after Rotator Cuff Repair and Anterior Shoulder Stabilization
Authors: Nassiri Mujtaba , Egan Ciara , Mullet Hannan 
Published: June 2011

Background Compliance with postoperative sling immobilization after shoulder surgery has not been previously studied. In the present study, we examined the compliance with sling-wearing in patients who had had either undergone anterior stabilization or rotator cuff repair. Methods Patients who had undergone either an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair or shoulder stabilization anonymously answered a detailed standardized questionnaire regarding sling-wearing. Routine postoperative instructions require patients to wear a sling for 3 weeks after repair of a small or medium-sized rotator cuff tear, 4 weeks after anterior stabilization of the shoulder and 6 weeks after repair of a large or massive rotator cuff tear. All patients were contacted within 6 months of surgery. Results Older patients were more likely to be compliant with postoperative instructions, as were patients who had longer periods of acute pain requiring oral analgesia. There was no difference in compliance between patients who had a small rotator cuff tear and those who had a large rotator cuff tear. Nor was there any difference between open and arthroscopic shoulder stabilization groups. Discussion In the present study, despite written instructions regarding sling-wearing, there were differences between patient groups with regard to compliance with sling-wearing instructions.
Current joint therapy usage in equine practice: A survey of veterinarians 2009
Authors: FERRIS D. J. , FRISBIE D. D. , McILWRAITH C. W. , KAWCAK C. E. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study:Medications are frequently employed to treat intra‐articular (IA) problems in the performance horse. Actual usage of the different IA medications in horses is not available.Objectives:To determine the most common usage of these medications, members of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) were surveyed.Methods:An email link to an online survey was electronically sent to 6305 AAEP members and the responses tabulated and analysed with a logistic regression model.Results:A total of 831 survey responses were submitted and tabulated. Eighty per cent of the respondents indicated that they see 100% equine cases in their practice. The majority of respondents (77%) use triamcinolone acetonide (TA) to treat high motion joints and 73% use methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) to treat low motion joints. Veterinarians treating the Western performance and Sport horse were significantly more likely to use TA in high motion joints compared to MPA (P = 0.0201 and P<0.0001, respectively). Triamcinolone acetonide use compared to MPA in high motion joints by racehorse veterinarians was significantly lower compared to other veterinarians (P<0.0001). Polysulphated glycosaminoglycan (Adequan) and hyaluronate sodium (Legend) were the most commonly used disease modifying products (63 and 57% of respondents, respectively). Sport horse practitioners were significantly more likely than race or show horse veterinarians to utilise IRAP products (P = 0.0035 and P = 0.04, respectively). Respondents who had been in practice for more than 10 years were significantly less likely to use antimicrobials in their joint injections compared to those in practice for less than 10 years (P<0.0001).Conclusions:Significant differences existed in usage of medications related to primary discipline treated and years practicing.Potential relevance:The results of this study aid in defining the current usage of different joint therapy medications within equine practice. This knowledge can guide further research as well as education.
What's in a name? Inflammatory airway disease in racehorses in training
Authors: CARDWELL J. M. , CHRISTLEY R. M. , GERBER V. , MALIKIDES N. , WOOD J. L. N. , NEWTON J. R. , HODGSON J. L. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThe term ‘inflammatory airway disease’ (IAD) is often used to describe the syndrome of lower airway inflammation that frequently affects young racehorses in training around the world. In practice, this inflammation is generally diagnosed using a combination of endoscopic tracheal examination, including grading of amounts of mucus present and tracheal wash sampling. However, a recent consensus statement from the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine concluded that bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sampling, rather than tracheal wash (TW) sampling, is required for cytological diagnosis of IAD and that tracheal mucus is not an essential criterion. However, as BAL is a relatively invasive procedure that is not commonly used on racing yards, this definition can only be applied routinely to a biased referral population. In contrast, many practitioners continue to diagnose IAD using endoscopic tracheal examination and sampling. We argue that, rather than restricting the use of the term IAD to phenotypes diagnosed by BAL, it is important to distinguish in the literature between airway inflammation diagnosed by BAL and that identified in the field using TW sampling. We suggest the use of the term brIAD for the former and trIAD for the latter. It is essential that we continue to endeavour to improve our understanding of the aetiology, pathogenesis and clinical relevance of airway inflammation identified in racehorses in training using tracheal examination and sampling. Future studies should focus on investigations of the component signs of airway inflammation.
Comparative study of equine bone marrow and adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: RANERA B. , ORDOVÁS L. , LYAHYAI J. , BERNAL M. L. , FERNANDES F. , REMACHA A. R. , ROMERO A. , VÁZQUEZ F. J. , OSTA R. , CONS C. , VARONA L. , ZARAGOZA P. , MARTÍN‐BURRIEL I. , RODELLAR C. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent an attractive source for regenerative medicine. However, prior to their application, fundamental questions regarding molecular characterisation, growth and differentiation of MSCs must be resolved.Objectives: To compare and better understand the behaviour of equine MSCs obtained from bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AT) in culture.Methods: Five horses were included in this study. Proliferation rate was measured using MTT assay and cell viability; apoptosis, necrosis and late apoptosis and necrosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression levels of 7 surface marker genes were quantified using RT‐qPCR and CD90 was also analysed by flow cytometry. Differentiation was evaluated using specific staining, measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity and analysis of the mRNA expression.Results: High interindividual differences were observed in proliferation in both cell types, particularly during the final days. Statistically significant differences in viability and early apoptosis of cultured AT‐ and BM‐MSCs were found. The highest values of early apoptosis were observed during the first days of culture, while the highest percentage of necrosis and late apoptosis and lowest viability was observed in the last days. Surface marker expression pattern observed is in accordance to other studies in horse and other species. Osteogenic differentiation was evident after 7 days, with an increasing of ALP activity and mRNA expression of osteogenic markers. Adipogenic differentiation was achieved in BM‐MSCs from 2 donors with one of the 16 media tested. Chondrogenic differentiation was also observed.Conclusions: Proliferation ability is different in AT‐MSCs and BM‐MSCs. Differences in viability and early apoptosis were observed between both sources and CD34 was only found in AT‐MSCs. Differences in their osteogenic and adipogenic potential were detected by staining and quantification of specific tissue markers.Potential relevance: To provide data to better understand AT‐MSCs and BM‐MSCs behaviour in vitro.