bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSV-7 greatOPlus (extruded blend of flaxseed and Nannochloropsis oculata biomass) improves finishing cattle performance and carcass characteristics
Authors: Nasiu Firman , Feitoza Luis F B B , Baker Adrian N , Thorn Ross L , Monteiro Ludmila S , Drouillard James S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Our objective was to investigate impact of feeding greatOPlus (GOP), an extruded mixture of flaxseed and Nannochloropsis microalgae biomass (NBO3 Technologies LLC; Manhattan, KS) on feedlot cattle performance and carcass characteristics. Yearling steers (n = 700; 374 ± 8.2 kg initial body weight) were blocked by initial body weight and assigned randomly, within block, to 28 feedlot pens containing 25 animals/pen. Cattle were vaccinated against viral and clostridial pathogens and treated for internal and external parasites (Bovishield Gold 5, Ultrabac 7 Somubac, and Dectomax injectable; Zoetis Animal Health), and implanted with a combination implant (Component TE-200; Elanco USA). The control diet (CON) consisted of 58.3% steam-flaked corn, 20% wet corn gluten feed, 2.56% soybean meal, and 4.17% vitamin/mineral/feed additive premix. For the GOP diet, a portion of the corn and all of the soybean meal were replaced with 10% GOP (dry basis) to create isonitrogenous diets. Cattle were fed once daily, ad libitum. After 175 d on feed, animals were weighed and transported to a commercial abattoir for harvest. Animal performance measurements included average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F). Hot carcass weight (HCW) and incidence of abscessed livers were assessed on the day of harvest, and marbling score, 12th rib fat thickness, longissimus muscle area, and USDA yield and quality grades were determined following 48 hours of refrigeration. Cattle fed GOP had greater DMI and ADG (P&lt; 0.05) compared with cattle fed CON, but G:F was not affected by treatment (P &gt; 0.10). Cattle fed GOP had greater HCW compared with those fed CON (422.8 vs 409.5 kg; P &lt; 0.01) and tended to produce more Prime and Choice carcasses (87.4 vs 83.0%; P = 0.11) with greater 12th rib backfat (1.55 vs 1.49 cm; P &lt; 0.02) and greater yield grades (2.91 vs 2.75; P &lt; 0.01). Marbling score (488 vs 491), longissimus muscle area (94.1 vs 93.4 cm2) and liver abscess incidence (12 vs 16% for CON and GOP, respectively) were unaffected by treatment (P &gt; 0.10). Carcass values were calculated using base prices, premiums, and discounts published by USDA, and were greater for cattle fed GOP compared with cattle fed the control diet ($2,122 vs $2,059; P &lt; 0.01). Including greatOPlus at 10% of the diet dry matter improved cattle performance, largely as a result of its impact on DMI and ADG.
PSVI-4 Effects of ruminal acidosis on rumen fermentation of steers adapted to a high concentrate diet
Authors: Linder Haley F , Berger Larry L , McCann Joshua C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The objective was to characterize the effects of ruminal acidosis on rumen fermentation of steers adapted to a high concentrate diet. Cattle entering the feedlot undergo a transition period where the amount of concentrates in the diet is gradually increased to mitigate the risks of ruminal acidosis. Despite a dietary adaptation, rumen acidosis still affects feedlot cattle later in the finishing phase. Ruminally cannulated steers [n = 11; body weight (BW) = 795 kg ± 54) were blocked into 2 groups based on initial BW. Before the start of the study, cattle had been consuming a finishing diet (60% dry rolled corn, 15% modified distiller’s grains, 15% corn silage, and 10% ground corn based supplement) for more than 150 d. Steers were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: control (CON) or acidosis (ACD). For the experiment, steers were fasted for 24 h and at the conclusion received the same finishing diet. Steers on ACD steers were also ruminally dosed 0.05% BW of wheat starch on h 0 and h 12 to induce acidosis. Rumen fluid was collected every 4 h for 48 h to analyze ruminal pH, ammonia, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and lactate. Fecal grab samples were collected every 8 h for 48 h to determine fecal pH. Data were analyzed with the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 with the effects of treatment, time, and their interaction. A treatment × hour (P &lt; 0.01) effect was observed for ruminal pH with the ACD steers having a lower pH than CON from h 12 to 32. Fecal pH was not affected by treatment, time, or their interaction (P ≥ 0.12). Steers fed ACD had greater total VFA concentration than CON (P &lt; 0.01). A treatment × hour interaction (P &lt; 0.01) was observed for acetate molar proportion with CON having greater percentage acetate at h 24 through 32. Additionally, there was a treatment × hour interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for propionate molar proportion with ACD steers having greater propionate at h 28 and 32, and then at h 40 and 44. Butyrate was not affected (P ≥ 0.58) by treatment × hour or treatment. Acetate to propionate ratio (A:P) was affected by treatment × hour (P &lt; 0.01) with CON steers having greater A:P after h 28. Rumen ammonia and lactate concentrations did not differ (P ≥ 0.25) by treatment or the interaction with h. In steers adapted to a high concentrate diet, acidosis only altered ruminal fermentation in regards to ruminal pH and VFA concentrations.
PSI-6 Growth performance of weaned pigs fed an activated zinc oxide to replace pharmacological content of dietary zinc oxide
Authors: Ramirez Christian , Heyer Charlotte , Berghaus Daniel , Manu Hayford , Frumholtz Pierre , Urriola Pedro E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing feed-grade zinc oxide (ZnO) with decreased contents of an activated zinc oxide (aZnO) on growth performance of weaned pigs. A total of 720 pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc; TOPICS, Richfield, MN) with an initial body weight (BW) of 5.88 ± 0.97 kg were distributed into 60 pens with 12 pigs per pen following a randomized complete block design. After weaning at 18 d of age, pigs were fed one of five diets differing in ZnO source and Zn content during a 3-phase feeding program for 42 d (Table 1). Experimental diets were formulated to meet minimum nutrient requirements. Mortality was monitored daily and analyzed using survival analysis. Performance data were analyzed by multiple linear regression, with BW gain as dependent variable and Zn source (ZnO, aZnO) and Zn content as the independent variables for each phase. Linear regression analysis used diet A as baseline (150 ppm ZnO). In addition, groups receiving diet E and B, both supplemented with the same ZnO level during phase-1, were compared using a t-test. A linear relationship was observed between BW gain and dietary Zn content (P &lt; 0.001) and Zn source (P = 0.026). A slope ratio between the two Zn sources indicated that pigs provided with aZnO had a 72% greater growth rate compared with ZnO. In addition, during Phase 1, when both diets B and E offered similar Zn concentrations (1,200 ppm) as ZnO and aZnO, pigs fed aZnO outperformed ZnO-fed pigs by 490 g (P &lt; 0.001). The mortality was 7.6% less (P = 0.009) for diet C than diet A. No differences were detected among pigs fed the test diets in Phases 1, 2 and 3 for other variables. In conclusion, results show the potential of aZnO as a suitable replacement for ZnO, but also underscore the effect of dietary Zn content on pig performance and mortality. The aZnO source is a suitable replacement for ZnO, enhancing growth performance in weaned pigs and demonstrating potential for reducing overall Zn usage, thereby mitigating the environmental impact of swine production.
PSII-10 Development of an interdisciplinary undergraduate and graduate course in precision livestock farming systems
Authors: Leonard Suzanne M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The modern livestock industry is increasingly adopting data, technologies, and automation into daily husbandry and management routines and decisions. These advances in precision livestock farming (PLF) enable improved financial margins, sustainability, efficiency, and animal productivity and welfare. However, there is currently a gap between the engineers and data scientists designing the technologies and the animal scientists and caretakers using them. At North Carolina State University a novel course on PLF Systems for undergraduate and graduate students was developed in the Department of Animal Science. Through lecture delivery, livestock production scenarios, scientific literature, and data-based homework assignments students explored data collection, management, analysis, and data-based decision making. Students gained hands-on experience with a variety of sensor types and signal processing through lab-based activities. Basic hardware and software development concepts were explored during an Arduino-based microcontroller activity. The course was developed and refined using student feedback to include additional sensor and lab-based days and additional in-class supported activities utilizing Excel for data manipulation, processing, and presentation. Self-reported student learning results were collected across two semesters (19 students; 18 Animal Science, 1 Biological Engineering) with84% of students indicated the course was effective in increasing their ability to evaluate and implement technology in livestock production systems and 74% of students reported increased knowledge of coding and software, as well as their ability to clean, analyze, and make sense of raw data. The topics and delivery methods implemented in this course could inform the basis for development of similar interdisciplinary PLF courses at other academic institutions.
PSIV-A-7 Effects of late gestational nutrient restriction of beef heifers on small intestinal crypt depth in neonatal calves
Authors: Bradshaw Samuel G , Rathert-Williams Abigail R , Redifer Colby A , Meyer Allison M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We hypothesized that late gestational nutrient restriction would impair small intestinal development in neonatal calves, including crypt cell depth and proliferation. Fall-calving crossbred beef heifers [body weight (BW) = 466 ± 30 (SD) kg; BCS: 5.4 ± 0.5] bred to a single sire were individually-fed 100% (control; n = 10) or 70% (nutrient restricted; n = 12) of NASEM metabolizable energy and metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance, pregnancy, and growth from d 160 of gestation to calving. Calves were removed from their dams immediately post-calving and fed artificial colostrum and milk replacer relative to body weight until euthanasia at 48.7 ± 0.4 h of age. The gastrointestinal tract was removed, and proximal jejunum samples were dissected from each calf and immersion-fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Tissues were embedded in paraffin blocks and cut into 5-µm sections that were mounted on glass slides. Slides were incubated with Ki-67 (marker of nuclear proliferation) and counterstained with Hematoxylin using an autostainer. Images were taken at 5× magnification using an upright microscope. QuPath software was used to measure crypt depth, starting at the base of the crypt region and ending at the furthest cluster of Ki-67 positive cells, perpendicular to the base of the mucosa. For each calf, 10 crypt depth measurements were taken from 4 images, resulting in 40 crypt depth measurements that were averaged. Nutritional plane was a fixed effect in the model, and maternal sire, date of study initiation, and calf sex (when P &lt; 0.25) were considered covariates. We previously reported that calves born to nutrient restricted dams weighed less (P ≤ 0.05) at birth and 48 h than calves born to control dams. Small intestinal mass tended to be less (P = 0.11) in offspring of nutrient restricted dams but was not affected (P = 0.58) when expressed relative to body weight. Calves born to nutrient restricted dams also tended to have less (P = 0.11) small intestinal mass relative to brain weight. Maternal nutrient restriction did not affect (P = 0.95) jejunal crypt depth. Additionally, crypt depth relative to body weight was not affected (P = 0.20) by nutrient restriction. Although crypt depth was not affected, further analysis of proliferation and morphology will help to understand the relationship between maternal nutrient restriction and small intestine development in neonatal calves.
PSIV-A-8 Effects of meal frequency on heart rate in horses
Authors: Brown Alora V , Share Elizabeth R , Liburt Nettie , Bedore Jessica K Suagee , Harris Patricia , Mastellar Sara L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In humans, meal size has been shown to affect heart function with meal ingestion being associated with an increase in heart rate (HR) and cardiac output lasting significantly longer when larger meals are consumed. In horses, HR spikes at the sight of feed due to anticipation, but no studies have specifically evaluated the effect of meal frequency or size on HR. Heart rate has also been used as a measure both positive and negative stress. Domesticated horses are often meal fed, with small frequent meals requiring more labor than large infrequent meals. Fewer larger meals may have negative welfare implications for a grazing species. As part of a larger project investigating the effects of meal frequency on the behavior and metabolism of horses, the objective of this study was to evaluate equine HR in response to feeding frequencies commonly practiced in the field [once (1x), twice (2x), or thrice (3x) per day]. Feeding times were at 0800 (1x, 2x, and 3x), 1300 (3x), and 1800 (2x and 3x) h. The 12 adult clinically healthy horses [average ± SD; 14 ± 6 yr and 572 ± 32 kg body weight (BW)] were separated into two equal groups before completing a 14-d acclimation period to the diet during which they were fed 2x. The diet was provided at 2% BW on a dry matter (DM) basis (1.55% BW grass hay in a slow feed hay net plus 0.45% BW complementary fortified feed). During the study the same diet was fed but the meal frequency, and therefore meal size, differed between the treatments. The order of treatments, lasting 1 wk each, was decided at random for each group. On d 6 of each treatment HR was measured using individual H10 Polar HR monitors, which recorded every second from 0700 to 1900 h yielding 1,514,799 data points. During this time the aisleways housing the stalled horses were blocked off to minimize exposure to human presence other than at feeding time(s). After removing outliers, the mode was calculated for HR of each horse, which was considered to be the resting HR for that horse and ranged from 31 to 46 beats/min. The percentage of data above, below, or at the mode was calculated for each horse over the 12 h period and evaluated using Chi Square tests for statistical significance. The proportion of HR values above, below, or at the mode differed between treatments (P = 0.02). When fed 1x, 69 ± 14% of the HR readings were above the mode on average, as compared with 42 ± 18% and 44 ± 18% for 2x and 3x, respectively. These results suggest that the increase in HR was more than anticipatory and that there may be sustained stress when horses are fed at fewer frequency, such as once daily.
Modified LDA vector and feedback analysis for short query Information Retrieval systems
Authors: Celard Pedro , Lorenzo Iglesias Eva , Manuel Sorribes-Fdez José , Romero Rubén , Seara Vieira Adrián , Borrajo Lourdes 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Information Retrieval systems benefit from the use of long queries containing a large volume of search-relevant information. This situation is not common, as users of such systems tend to use very short and precise queries with few keywords. In this work we propose a modification of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) technique using data from the document collection and its vocabulary for a better representation of short queries. Additionally, a study is carried out on how the modification of the proposed LDA weighted vectors increase the performance using relevant documents as feedback. The work shown in this paper is tested using three biomedical corpora (TREC Genomics 2004, TREC Genomics 2005 and OHSUMED) and one legal corpus (FIRE 2017). Results prove that the application of the proposed representation technique, as well as the feedback adjustment, clearly outperforms the baseline methods (BM25 and non-modified LDA).
Presence of SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells before vaccination in the Mexican population
Authors: Hernandez-Galicia Gabriela , Gomez-Morales Luis , Lopez-Bailon Luis Uriel , Valdovinos-Torres Humberto , Contreras-Ochoa Carla O , Díaz Benítez Cinthya Estefhany , Martinez-Barnetche Jesus , Alpuche-Aranda Celia , Ortiz-Navarrete Vianney 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has been extensively studied following the pandemic outbreak in 2020; however, the presence of specific T cells against SARS-CoV-2 before vaccination has not been evaluated in Mexico. In this study, we estimated the frequency of T CD4+ and T CD8+ cells that exhibit a specific response to S (spike) and N (nucleocapsid) proteins in a Mexican population. We collected 78 peripheral blood samples from unvaccinated subjects, and the presence of antibodies against spike (RBD) and N protein was determined. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and stimulated with a pool of S or N protein peptides (Wuhan-Hu-1 strain). IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-2, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF levels were quantified in the supernatant of the activated cells, and the cells were stained to assess the activation and memory phenotypes. Differential activation frequency dependent on serological status was observed in CD4+ cells but not in CD8+ cells. The predominantly activated population was the central memory T CD4+ cells. Only 10% of the population exhibited the same phenotype with respect to the response to nucleocapsid peptides. The cytokine profile differed between the S and N responses. S peptides induced a more proinflammatory response compared with the N peptides. In conclusion, in a Mexican cohort before vaccination, there was a significant response to the S and N SARS-CoV-2 proteins resulting from previous infections with seasonal coronaviruses or previous undetected exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
Abdominal wall endometrioma after Cesarean section: a case series
Authors: Biegel Craig , Kumwong Sandra , Fujimoto Masaru , Rostami Sohayla , Penukonda Aneesh , Joseph Delcasse , Kim Dmitriy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Abdominal wall endometrioma (AWE) results from endometrial-like tissue implants in the abdominal wall after uterine surgery. While the diagnosis can be challenging, an abdominal mass at the site of a previous incision accompanied by cyclical pain and enlargement correlating with menstruation is highly suspicious. Excision is indicated for symptomatic relief as well as the probability of malignant transformation. Because signs and symptoms are similar to other soft tissue lesions, general surgeons are sought out for excision and thus encounter the majority of AWE cases. Here, we present two patients of similar age who both presented to our hospital within one month, each found to have an endometrioma at the site of a Pfannenstiel scar after Cesarean section, and were managed operatively.
Studying [C ii] emission in low-mass galaxies at z ∼ 7
Authors: Glazer Kelsey , Bradăc Marus̆a , Sanders Ryan L , Fujimoto Seiji , Bolan Patricia , Ferrara Andrea , Strait Victoria , Jones Tucker , Lemaux Brian C , Vallini Livia , Ryan Russell 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We report on a $\rm {[CII]}_{158\mu \rm {m}}$ search using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) on three lensed, confirmed Ly α emitting galaxies at z ∼ 7. Our targets are ultraviolet (UV) faint systems with stellar masses on the order of M* ∼ 109 M⊙. We detect a single [C ii] line emission (4σ) from the brightest (L ∼ 2.4 × 1010L⊙) galaxy in our sample, MACS0454-1251. We determine a systemic redshift (z[C ii] = 6.3151 ± 0.0005) for MACS0454-1251 and measure a Ly α velocity offset of $\Delta v \approx 300 \pm 70 \rm {km\, s}^{-1}$. The remaining two galaxies we detect no [C ii] but provide 3σ upper limits on their [C ii] line luminosities which we use to investigate the $L_{\textrm {[CII]}} - \rm {SFR}$ relation. Overall our single [C ii] detection shows agreement with the relation for local dwarf galaxies. Our [C ii] deficient galaxies could potentially be exhibiting low metallicities (Z &lt; Z⊙). Another possible explanation for weaker [C ii] emission could be strong feedback from star formation disrupting molecular clouds. We do not detect continuum emission in any of the sources, placing upper limits on their dust masses. Assuming a single dust temperature of $T_{d}=35 \rm {K}$ dust masses (Mdust) range from &lt;4.8 × 107 M⊙ to 2.3 × 108 M⊙. Collectively, our results suggest faint reionization era sources could be metal poor and/or could have strong feedback suppressing [C ii] emission.
Longitudinal trajectories of a claims-based frailty measure during adjuvant chemotherapy in women with stage I-III breast cancer
Authors: Duchesneau Emilie D , Reeder-Hayes Katherine , Stürmer Til , Kim Dae Hyun , Edwards Jessie K , Lund Jennifer L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Frailty is a dynamic syndrome characterized by reduced physiological reserve to maintain homeostasis. Prospective studies have reported frailty worsening in women with breast cancer during chemotherapy, with improvements following treatment. We evaluated whether the Faurot frailty index, a validated claims-based frailty measure, could identify changes in frailty during chemotherapy treatment and identified predictors of trajectory patterns.

Methods
We included women (65+ years) with stage I-III breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy in the SEER-Medicare database (2003-2019). We estimated the Faurot frailty index (range: 0-1; higher scores indicate greater frailty) at chemotherapy initiation, 4 months postinitiation, and 10 months postinitiation. Changes in frailty were compared to a matched noncancer comparator cohort. We identified patterns of frailty trajectories during the year following chemotherapy initiation using K-means clustering.

Results
Twenty-one thousand five hundred and ninety-nine women initiated adjuvant chemotherapy. Mean claims-based frailty increased from 0.037 at initiation to 0.055 4 months postchemotherapy initiation and fell to 0.049 10 months postinitiation. Noncancer comparators experienced a small increase in claims-based frailty over time (0.055-0.062). We identified 6 trajectory patterns: a robust group (78%), 2 resilient groups (16%), and 3 nonresilient groups (6%). Black women and women with claims for home hospital beds, wheelchairs, and Parkinson’s disease were more likely to experience nonresilient trajectories.

Conclusions
We observed changes in a claims-based frailty index during chemotherapy that are consistent with prior studies using clinical measures of frailty and identified predictors of nonresilient frailty trajectories. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using claims-based frailty indices to assess changes in frailty during cancer treatment.