bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal curvature and characteristics of postural change in pregnant women
Authors: OKANISHI NATSUKO , KITO NOBUHIRO , AKIYAMA MITOSHI , YAMAMOTO MASAKO 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjective. Pregnant women often report complaints due to physiological and postural changes. Postural changes during pregnancy may cause low back pain and pelvic girdle pain. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of postural changes in pregnant compared with non‐pregnant women. Design. Prospective case–control study. Setting. Pregnancy care center. Population. Fifteen women at 17–34 weeks pregnancy comprised the study group, while 10 non‐pregnant female volunteers comprised the control group. Methods. Standing posture was evaluated in the sagittal plane with static digital pictures. Two angles were measured by image analysis software: (1) between the trunk and pelvis; and (2) between the trunk and lower extremity. Spinal curvature was measured with Spinal Mouse® to calculate the means of sacral inclination, thoracic and lumbar curvature and inclination. Main outcome measures. The principal components were calculated until eigenvalues surpassed 1. Results. Three distinct factors with eigenvalues of 1.00–2.49 were identified, consistent with lumbosacral spinal curvature and inclination, thoracic spine curvature, and inclination of the body. These factors accounted for 77.2% of the total variance in posture variables. Eleven pregnant women showed postural characteristics of lumbar kyphosis and sacral posterior inclination. Body inclination showed a variety of patterns compared with those in healthy women. Conclusions. Spinal curvature demonstrated a tendency for lumbar kyphosis in pregnant women. Pregnancy may cause changes in spinal curvature and posture, which may in turn lead to relevant symptoms. Our data provide a basis for investigating the effects of spinal curvature and postural changes on symptoms during pregnancy.
Reliability and failure modes of internal conical dental implant connections
Authors: Freitas‐Júnior Amilcar C. , Almeida Erika O. , Bonfante Estevam A. , Silva Nelson R.F.A. , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveBiological and mechanical implant‐abutment connection complications and failures are still present in clinical practice, frequently compromising oral function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and failure modes of anterior single‐unit restorations in internal conical interface (ICI) implants using step‐stress accelerated life testing (SSALT).Materials and methodsForty‐two ICI implants were distributed in two groups (n = 21 each): group AT–OsseoSpeed™ TX (Astra Tech, Waltham, MA, USA); group SV–Duocon System Line, Morse Taper (Signo Vinces Ltda., Campo Largo, PR, Brazil). The corresponding abutments were screwed to the implants and standardized maxillary central incisor metal crowns were cemented and subjected to SSALT in water. Use‐level probability Weibull curves and reliability for a mission of 50,000 cycles at 200 N were calculated. Differences between groups were assessed by Kruskal–Wallis along with Bonferroni's post‐hoc tests. Polarized‐light and scanning electron microscopes were used for failure analyses.ResultsThe Beta (β) value derived from use level probability Weibull calculation was 1.62 (1.01–2.58) for group AT and 2.56 (1.76–3.74) for group SV, indicating that fatigue was an accelerating factor for failure of both groups. The reliability for group AT was 0.95 and for group SV was 0.88. Kruskal–Wallis along with Bonferroni's post‐hoc tests showed no significant difference between the groups tested (P > 0.27). In all specimens of both groups, the chief failure mode was abutment fracture at the conical joint region and screw fracture at neck's region.ConclusionsReliability was not different between investigated ICI connections supporting maxillary incisor crowns. Failure modes were similar.
A nationwide population‐based study on the association between chronic periodontitis and erectile dysfunction
Authors: Keller Joseph J. , Chung Shiu‐Dong , Lin Herng‐Ching 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAimTo explore the association between chronic periodontitis (CP) and erectile dysfunction (ED) by using a nationwide, population‐based dataset with a retrospective case‐control design in Taiwan.Material and MethodsWe identified 32,856 patients with ED as cases and randomly selected 162,480 patients as controls. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between ED and having been previously diagnosed with CP.ResultsOf the sampled patients 24,294 (12.3%) had been diagnosed with CP prior to the index date; this included 8825 cases (26.9% of the patients with ED) and 15,469 controls (9.4% of the comparison cohort). After adjusting for patient monthly income, age, geographic location, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, coronary heart disease, obesity, and alcohol abuse/alcohol dependence syndrome, patients with ED were more likely to have been diagnosed with CP prior to the index date than controls (OR = 3.35, 95% CI = 3.25–3.45, p < 0.001). In addition, the association was much stronger among the population aged less than 30 years (OR = 4.54, 95% CI = 3.81–5.40) and the group aged over than 69 years (OR = 4.84, 95% CI = 4.35–5.39).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated an association between ED and having been previously diagnosed with CP.
Contact allergy to metals in adolescents. Nickel release from metal accessories 7 years after the implementation of the EU Nickel Directive in Poland
Authors: Krecisz Beata , Chomiczewska Dorota , Palczynski Cezary , Kiec‐Swierczynska Marta 
Published: March 2012

Background. Contact allergy among adolescents is an important issue.Objectives. To assess the prevalence of contact allergy to metals in adolescents aged 15 years and nickel release from metal accessories that are in direct contact with the skin.Methods. Three hundred and nine females and 219 males, all 15 years old, from randomly selected secondary schools were examined and patch tested with nickel sulfate, cobalt chloride, palladium chloride, and potassium dichromate. Three hundred and ninety‐nine metal accessories were tested with the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test.Results.‘Metal dermatitis' was reported by 19.4% of females and 0.5% of males. Positive patch test reactions were found in 8.5% of the adolescents (12.9% in females; 2.3% in males), namely to: nickel (12.3% of females; 1.4% of males); palladium (5.2% of females; 0.5% of males); cobalt (3.2% of females; 1.4% of males); and chromium (1.3% of females; 0.9% of males). Allergic contact dermatitis caused by metals was diagnosed in 9.7% of females and in 0.5% of males. Of the metal items, 26.1% gave positive DMG test results: 10.0% of earrings, 11.4% of snaps, and 56.2% of belt buckles.Conclusions. Despite the implementation of the Nickel Directive in Poland, nickel still remains an important causal factor for allergic contact dermatitis. Numerous metal accessories do not comply with the Directive.
Immunogenicity Study of Plasmid DNA Encoding Mouse Cysteine‐Rich Secretory Protein‐1 (mCRISP1) as a Contraceptive Vaccine
Authors: Luo Jin , Yang Jing , Cheng Yan , Li Wei , Yin Tai‐Lang , Xu Wang‐Ming , Zou Yu‐Jie 
Published: March 2012

ProblemTo examine the immunocontraceptive properties of the plasmid pcDNA‐mCRISP1 and compare them to the corresponding recombinant mCRISP1 (r‐mCRISP1).Method of studyRT‐PCR and indirect immunofluorescence were performed to observe the mCRISP1 protein expression in COS‐7 cells. Three groups of mice received three injections of r‐mCRISP1, pcDNA‐mCRISP1 or pcDNA vector, respectively. ELISA and Western blot were used to examine the immune responses and immunoreactivity of antisera. Sperm‐egg penetration assay was performed to examine the effect of anti‐mCRISP1 antibodies in vitro fertilization of mouse oocytes. Fertility and mean litter size were analysed by natural mating. Histological analysis was carried out to look for potential immunopathologic effects of the antibodies.ResultsCOS‐7 cells transfected with pcDNA‐mCRISP1 present the expression of mCRISP1. Both r‐mCRISP1 and pcDNA‐mCRISP1 raised an immune response against r‐mCRISP1 protein and native CRISP1 in mouse sperm. The titres of anti‐mCRISP1 antibodies from DNA immunized mice were significantly lower than that of r‐mCRISP1 immunized mice, but it lasted relatively longer. Male and female pcDNA‐mCRISP1 injected animals presented a statistically significant reduction in their fertility with no signs of immunopathologic effects.ConclusionThese studies demonstrated the feasibility of generating an immune response to mCRISP1 protein by DNA vaccine and pcDNA‐mCRISP1 plasmid causing significant anti‐fertility potential.
The effect of mouthrinses on oral malodor: a systematic review
Authors: Blom T , Slot DE , Quirynen M , Van der Weijden GA 
Published: March 2012

To cite this article:   Int J Dent Hygiene10, 2012; 209–222  DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2012.00546.x  Blom T, Slot DE, Quirynen M, Van der Weijden GA. The effect of mouthrinses on oral malodor: a systematic review.Abstract:  Objective: The objective of this study is to systematically review the literature regarding the impact of mouthrinses on oral malodor and present evidence for the treatment effects of mouthrinses on oral malodor. Material and methods: PubMed‐MEDLINE, the Cochrane‐CENTRAL and EMBASE were searched through February 10, 2012 to identify appropriate studies. Volatile sulphur compound measurements, organoleptic measurements and tongue coating were selected as outcome variables. Search results: The independent screenings of 333 unique titles and paper abstracts revealed 12 publications (12 experiments) that met the eligibility criteria. Means and standard deviations were extracted. The results were separated into short‐term (<3 weeks) and longer‐term (≥3 weeks) studies. Conclusion: In this review, nearly all mouthwashes with active ingredients had beneficial effects in reducing oral malodor in both short‐ and longer‐term studies. The most compelling evidence was provided for chlorhexidine mouthwashes, and those that contained a combination of cetyl pyridinum chloride and zinc provided the best evidence profile on oral malodor. Little data with respect to tongue coating were available, and none of the studies showed a beneficial effect for this parameter.
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Authors: Wagner Gunnar , Klinge Harald , Sachse Michael Max 
Published: March 2012

Summary Ramsay Hunt syndrome is defined as herpes zoster oticus associated with an acute peripheral facial nerve paresis and quite often with other cranial nerve lesions. The combination of motor, sensory and autonomic involvement leads to a variety of neurological damage patterns, i. e. facial muscle paresis, hearing and balance disorders, sensory problems and disturbances of taste as well as lacrimal and nasal secretion. Additional variability of the clinical picture of Ramsay Hunt syndrome is produced by varying patterns of skin involvement explained by individual anastomoses between cranial and cervical nerves. Knowledge of these findings and an early diagnosis of Ramsay Hunt syndrome are important as prognosis of cranial nerve damage depends on the time at which acyclovir‐ corticosteroid therapy is started.
Acute Effects of Ethanol on Glutamate Receptors
Authors: Möykkynen Tommi , Korpi Esa R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSeveral studies have revealed that acute ethanol inhibits the function of glutamate receptors. Glutamate receptor‐mediated synaptic plasticity, such as N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate‐dependent long‐term potentiation, is also inhibited by ethanol. However, the inhibition seems to be restricted to certain brain areas such as the hippocampus, amygdala and striatum. Ethanol inhibition of glutamate receptors generally requires relatively high concentrations and may therefore explain consequences of severe ethanol intoxication such as impairment of motor performance and memory. Effects of ethanol on glutamate system of developing nervous system may have a role in causing foetal alcohol syndrome. Newly found regulatory proteins of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid AMPA receptors seem to affect ethanol inhibition thus opening new lines of research.
The triumph of regulatory politics: Benefit–cost analysis and political salience
Authors: Shapiro Stuart , Morrall III John F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWhile benefit–cost analysis (BCA) is now a permanent part of the regulatory process in the United States, and many other countries around the world as well as the European Union have adopted it or are moving toward it, there have been few empirical attempts to assess either whether its use improves regulations or how BCA interacts with the political environment. We use a unique US database of the costs and benefits of 109 economically significant regulations issued between 2000 and 2009 to examine whether the amount of information provided in the BCA or political factors surrounding the regulation better correlate with the net benefits of the regulation. We find that there is little correlation between the information provided by the analysis and the net benefits. However, we find that regulations that receive few public comments and are not issued at the end of an administration, have the highest net benefits. These are the regulations that are the least politically salient. This interaction between the political environment and the economic performance of a regulation has been under‐examined and deserves further study.
Examination of ten thousand years of mitochondrial DNA diversity and population demographics in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) of the Central Canadian Arctic
Authors: McLeod Brenna A. , Frasier Timothy R. , Dyke Arthur S. , Savelle James M. , White Bradley N. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences were analyzed from 106 bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) specimens dating 471 ± 44 14C b.p.–10,290 ± 150 14C b.p. to evaluate whether historical changes in distribution and connectivity were detectable in levels of diversity and population structuring in the Central Canadian Arctic. The species has maintained levels of mtDNA diversity over 10,000 yr comparable to other nonbottlenecked large whale species. When compared to data from the Holocene East Greenland/Spitsbergen and contemporary Bering‐Chuckchi‐Beaufort populations, differentiation was low (FST≤ 0.005, ΦST≤ 0.003) and no temporal or geographical genetic structuring was evident. A combination of analyses suggests that the population has expanded over the past 30,000 14C yr. This genetic signature of expansion could result from population growth, admixture of multiple gene pools, or a combination of both scenarios. Despite known climatic change that altered bowhead distribution and led to isolation of populations, there is no detectable population structuring or change in genetic diversity during the Holocene. This may be due to long generation time, occasional population connectivity and a historically large global population. These characteristics warrant caution when interpreting contemporary bowhead whale DNA data, as it is unlikely that any population will be in mutation‐drift equilibrium.
Analyzing temporally correlated dolphin sightings data using generalized estimating equations
Authors: Bailey Helen , Corkrey Ross , Cheney Barbara , Thompson Paul M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMany of the statistical techniques commonly used in ecology assume independence among responses. However, there are many marine mammal survey techniques, such as those involving time series or subgroups, which result in correlations within the data. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) take such correlations into account and are an extension of generalized linear models. This study demonstrates the application of GEEs by modeling temporal variation in bottlenose dolphin presence from sightings data. Since dolphins could remain in the study area for several hours resulting in temporal autocorrelation, an autoregressive correlation structure was used within the GEE, each cluster representing hours within a day of survey effort. The results of the GEE model showed that there was significant diel, tidal, and interannual variation in the presence of dolphins. Dolphins were most likely to be seen in the early morning and during the summer months. Dolphin presence generally peaked during low tide, but this varied among years. There was a significantly lower probability of dolphins being present in 2003 than 2004, but not between 2004 and the other years (1991, 1992, and 2002). GEE‐model fitting packages are now readily available, making this a valuable, versatile tool for marine mammal biologists.
Effect of Maturity Stage and Storage on Flavor Compounds and Sensory Description of Berrycactus (Myrtillocactus geometrizans)
Authors: Alejandro Vazquez‐Cruz Moises , Jimenez‐Garcia Sandra Neli , Torres‐Pacheco Irineo , Horacio Guzman‐Maldonado Salvador , Guevara‐Gonzalez Ramon Gerardo , Miranda‐Lopez Rita 
Published: March 2012

Abstract:  Descriptive sensory analysis combined with a chemical analysis, provided insight regarding sensory significance for a better understanding of berrycactus' flavor. This study was based on the volatile components derived from the gas chromatography‐olfactometry (GC‐O) analysis. Four different ripening stages were used for the experiments: unripe, red, transition, and over‐ripe. Besides red and transition stages were stored in sealed plastic bags for 7 d at 5 °C as an additional treatment in order to establish comparisons with fresh samples. GC‐O analysis was performed following OSME (time‐intensity) method. Moreover, chemical characterization was achieved through GC–MS analysis, each compound was tentatively identified by comparing its mass spectra with the spectra from the library NIST02, by its aroma notes and Kovats Index. The aroma descriptors found were: caramel, fruity, acetic acid, fresh, citrus, floral, and phenolics. Nine volatile compounds are among the most important in flavor of berrycactus: furfural, 5‐methyl‐2‐furancarboxaldehyde, 2(5H)‐furanone, 5‐acetoxymethyl‐2‐furaldehyde, 2‐cyclohexen‐1‐ol, octanoic acid ethyl ester, decanoic acid ethyl ester, octanoic acid, and phenylethyl alcohol. To better reflect the real responses of these compounds, the regression analysis of concentrations to ripening stages were performed. The 2,3‐dihydro‐3,5‐dihydroxy‐6‐methyl‐(4H)‐pyran‐4‐one was found in berrycactus, it has been reported in chemical profile of other berries as a product of heat‐induced reactions, however, this compound has no aroma activity. The data suggest that both furanones and esters contribute to the aroma of berrycactus. On the other hand, solid phase microextraction was found to be more useful in detecting esters and acids whereas solvent extraction was more effective in detecting furanones and ketones.Practical Application:  This information could contribute to setting up favorable processing conditions; in order to retain the best sensory characteristics of berrycactus along with functional properties that would enhance commercialization and exploitation of this fruit and to promote berrycactus cultivation programs.
Modeling the Effect of Time and Temperature on Respiration Rate of Pomegranate Arils (cv. ``Acco'' and ``Herskawitz'')
Authors: Caleb Oluwafemi J. , Mahajan Pramod V. , Linus Opara Umezuruike , Witthuhn Corli R. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract:  Understanding the effect of time and temperature on the respiration rate (RR) of fresh‐cut produce, towards the design of a suitable modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) system, requires an adequate mathematical model for prediction of RR as a function of both time and temperature. This study investigated the effect of temperature (5, 10, and 15 °C) and storage time (1 to 5 d) on the RR ( and ) of 2 pomegranate cultivars (cv. ``Acco'' and ``Herskawitz'') fresh arils. and were 3 to 4 folds significantly higher with increased temperature from 5 to 15 °C and were within the range of 2.51 to 7.59 mL/kg h and 2.72 to 9.01 mL/kg h, respectively, for both cultivars. At 15 °C increased significantly from 8.4 to 25.96 mL/kg h from day 1 to 5, respectively, while at 5 °C changed from 2.9 to 2.05 mL/kg h from day 1 to 5. Temperature had the greatest influence on RR and the interaction of time and temperature also significantly affected and . The respiratory quotient (RQ) estimated by linear regression was 0.98 at 95% significant level. The dependence of RR on temperature and time was accurately described with a combination of an Arrhenius‐type and power equation model for and of fresh pomegranate arils.Practical application:  Predicting the respiration of fresh and fresh‐cut produce is important in designing postharvest handling systems. Mathematical models to predict respiration rates of pomegranate fresh arils have been developed taking into account the effects of storage time and temperature. These models have practical application in designing modified atmosphere packaging to maintain quality and shelf life of pomegranate arils.
Application of Principal Component Analysis and Spectral Angle Mapper in the Mapping of Hydrothermal Alteration in the Jebal–Barez Area, Southeastern Iran
Authors: HONARMAND Mehdi , RANJBAR Hojjatollah , SHAHABPOUR Jamshid 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe southeastern part of the central Iranian Cenozoic magmatic belt contains many areas with copper mineralization. In an analysis of this region, we used the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) images to map the distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks, based on their mineral assemblages. The spectral measurements, based on the field samples and satellite‐image‐derived spectra, show dominantly Al–OH (sericite and clays) and Fe–O absorption features in the visible–near infrared to shortwave infrared regions of the spectrum. Silica–bearing rocks, as well as silicic alteration, show an intense Si–O vibrational feature in the thermal infrared wavelength region. We analyzed ASTER/ETM+ images, performed a directed principal component analysis, and used spectral angle mapper to map areas of hydrothermal alteration and iron oxide/hydroxide minerals. The individual principal component images compiled by directed principal component analysis reveal the distribution of individual alteration minerals such as sericite, kaolinite, chlorite, epidote, and quartz. The best results, in terms of mapping the distribution of alteration, were obtained using the spectral angle mapper method. The altered areas were then sampled and the samples subjected to X–ray diffraction analysis, spectral analysis, and thin sections were observed under a microscope. Field observations reveal that more than 98% of the known copper mineralization occurs within the interpreted alteration areas. The present results indicate the great potential of ASTER and ETM+ data for mapping the distribution of alteration and exploring for copper mineralization in areas with a similar climate and geological setting to those of the present study.