bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9: A Marker of LDL Apolipoprotein B-100 Catabolism?
Authors: Chan Dick C , Lambert Gilles , Barrett P Hugh R , Rye Kerry-Anne , Ooi Esther M M , Watts Gerald F 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground: Experimental studies suggest that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is an important regulator of LDL metabolism because of its ability to facilitate degradation of the LDL receptor. We investigated the association between plasma PCSK9 concentration and LDL apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100) metabolism in men with a wide range of body mass index values.Methods: We used GC-MS to study the kinetics of LDL apo B-100 after intravenous administration of deuterated leucine and analyzed the data by compartmental modeling. The plasma PCSK9 concentration was measured by ELISA.Results: Univariate regression analysis revealed the plasma PCSK9 concentration to be significantly and positively correlated with cholesterol (r = 0.543; P = 0.011), LDL cholesterol (r = 0.543; P = 0.011), apo B-100 (r = 0.548; P = 0.010), and LDL apo B-100 concentrations (r = 0.514; P = 0.023), and inversely correlated with the LDL apo B-100 fractional catabolic rate (FCR) (r = −0.456; P = 0.038). The association between plasma PCSK9 concentration and the LDL apo B-100 FCR remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, obesity, plasma insulin, homeostasis model assessment score, and dietary energy; however, this association had borderline significance after adjusting for plasma lathosterol.Conclusions: In men, variation in plasma PCSK9 concentration influences the catabolism of LDL apo B-100. This finding appears to be independent of obesity, insulin resistance, energy intake, and age.
Inpatient Management of Eating Disorders in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Bermudez Ovidio , Gallivan Heather , Jahraus Joel , Lesser Julie , Meier Marcia , Parkin Christopher 
Published: August 2009

In Brief
Individuals with both eating disorders and type 1 diabetes (ED-DMT1) who are medically or psychiatrically unstable may require inpatient treatment to stabilize glucose control and establish regular eating patterns. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical issues and strategies relevant to the treatment of ED-DMT1 within the inpatient setting.
Predictors of Perceived Risk of the Development of Diabetes
Authors: Gallivan Joanne , Brown Clarice , Greenberg Rachel , Clark Charles M. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Objective. To describe predictors of perceived risk for the development of diabetes.
Research design and methods. In 2006, the National Diabetes Education Program conducted a telephone survey of the U.S. population ≥ 45 years of age. The sample size for this study was 1,389 people who reported no previous diagnosis of diabetes. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent variables associated with the perception of risk for diabetes among people without a diagnosis of diabetes.
Results. More than half (55%) of the U.S. population aged ≥ 45 years had one or more risk factors for diabetes, yet only about one-fourth (23%) felt they were at risk for the disease. In the multivariate analyses, feeling at risk for diabetes is associated with a younger age (45-64 vs. ≥ 65 years; odds ratio[OR] 2.50; 95% CI 1.56-4.01); being of a race or ethnicity other than white, African American, or Hispanic/Latino compared to non-Hispanic whites (OR 2.26; 95% CI 1.19-4.31); being obese (OR 3.23; 95% CI 1.90-5.50); having a family history of diabetes (OR 5.53; 95% CI 3.55-8.60); and having had a diagnosis of pre-diabetes (OR 5.80; 95% CI 3.31-10.16). African Americans are significantly less likely to feel at risk for diabetes compared to non-Hispanic whites (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.29-0.96).
Conclusions. Based on these findings, special attention needs to be placed on reaching older adults and African Americans who report significantly lower levels of self-perceived risk of diabetes. An emphasis on increased susceptibility due to a family history of diabetes, obesity, and a diagnosis of pre-diabetes appear to be meaningful cues to increasing perceived risk.
Optical Quality One Month After Verisyse and Veriflex Phakic IOL Implantation and Zeiss MEL 80 LASIK for Myopia From 5.00 to 16.50 Diopters
Authors: Vilaseca Meritxell , Padilla Adenay , Pujol Jaume , Ondategui Juan C. , Artal Pablo , Güell Jose L. 
Published: August 2009

Purpose:
To evaluate the eye's optical quality after phakic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and LASIK for moderate to high myopia.

Methods:
The retinal image quality of 45 patients was evaluated after undergoing one of three surgical procedures (9 patients with Verisyse IOL [AMO] implants, 11 patients with Veriflex IOL [AMO] implants, and 25 patients who underwent LASIK). Patients were aged <40 years, had at least 5.00 diopters of myopia, and had preoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity better than 20/30. The eye's optical quality was measured using the Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS, Visiometrics S.L.), which is an instrument based on the double-pass technique. Measurements were performed before surgery and 1 day and 1 month after surgery.

Results:
Optical quality worsened noticeably 1 day after surgery with the Verisyse IOL with a 50% to 60% loss, most likely due to the large incision and the presence of sutures in most eyes. The LASIK technique and Veriflex IOL implant did not cause as remarkable a decrease in optical quality (20% to 25% loss). One month after surgery, the optical quality of patients with IOL implants was high, although some surgically induced astigmatism remained, especially in the Verisyse patients. Conversely, LASIK patients had slightly lower optical quality, with optical parameters that represented 90% of their initial value.

Conclusions:

Verisyse and Veriflex phakic IOL implantation and LASIK are both safe and effective in correcting moderate to high myopia, but they involve different processes of optical quality recovery. One day after surgery, the Verisyse IOL implantation significantly reduced the eye's optical quality, mainly due to the larger incision required and the higher number of sutures used. This reduction was not as remarkable with the other two techniques. However, 1 month after surgery, patients with IOL implants recovered more optical quality than LASIK patients. [
J Refract Surg.
2009;25:689–698.]
Arcuate Keratotomy for High Postoperative Keratoplasty Astigmatism Performed With the IntraLase Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Buzzonetti Luca , Petrocelli Gianni , Laborante Antonio , Mazzilli Emilio , Gaspari Mario , Valente Paola 
Published: August 2009

Purpose:
To evaluate the refractive and keratometric effect of arcuate keratotomy performed using the IntraLase femtosecond laser (Abbott Medical Optics) in patients with high postoperative keratoplasty astigmatism.

Methods:

Nine eyes of nine patients (mean age 45±7.5 years; mean spherical equivalent refraction −2.50±3.60 diopters [D]) who had undergone a penetrating keratoplasty were considered. The subjective refraction was measured, and corneal thickness and keratometric parameters were calculated by the Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte). All uncomplicated surgeries were performed with the IntraLase femtosecond laser. Paired 70° arc length incisions were performed at 80% depth of the corneal thickness. The mean optical zone was 5.9 mm. The side cut was 90°. All incisions were performed in the graft itself. Mean change in best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), refractive and keratometric astigmatism, and spherical equivalent refraction was evaluated. Follow-up was 3 months. Refractive and keratometric data were analyzed using vector analysis as described by Alpins. A paired Student
t
test was used to compare preoperative and 3-month postoperative data. A
P
value <.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Mean preoperative BSCVA was 20/30, increasing to 20/25 postoperatively (
P
>.05). The mean refractive astigmatism decreased by 6.00 D (
P
<.05), whereas the mean keratometric value decreased by 4.60 D (
P
<.05). The mean spherical equivalent refraction did not change significantly. The surgical vectors in the refractive and keratometric analysis were calculated, showing good predictability.

Conclusions:

Arcuate keratotomy performed with the IntraLase femtosecond laser could be an effective, safe, and relatively predictable treatment of high postoperative keratoplasty astigmatism. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:709–714.]
Role of Corneal Biomechanical Properties in Applanation Tonometry Measurements
Authors: Kwon Tae-Hyun , Ghaboussi Jamshid , Pecknold David A. , Hashash Youssef M.A. 
Published: August 2009

Purpose:
To demonstrate the importance of material properties of the cornea in intraocular pressure (IOP) readings via standard Goldmann applanation tonometry.

Methods:
A realistic finite element model of the cornea was developed for the simulation of Goldmann applanation tonometry. A virtual cornea population was generated by randomly sampling material properties, central corneal thickness (CCT), and IOP for comparison with 181 clinical cases. The effect of material properties and CCT on IOP prediction in the virtual population was determined via computational simulation.

Results:

The results show that corneal biomechanical properties (as characterized in this study by the stiffness parameter E
init
) are as important as the CCT in influencing measured (Goldmann) IOP.

Conclusions:
This study supports the contention that the observed large scatter in standard correlations of clinical measurements of IOP versus CCT can be largely accounted for by plausible individual variations in corneal biomechanical stiffness properties.
Volume‐of‐fluid‐based model for multiphase flow in high‐pressure trickle‐bed reactor: Optimization of numerical parameters
Authors: Lopes Rodrigo J. G. , Quinta‐Ferreira Rosa M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAiming to understand the effect of various parameters such as liquid velocity, surface tension, and wetting phenomena, a Volume‐of‐Fluid (VOF) model was developed to simulate the multiphase flow in high‐pressure trickle‐bed reactor (TBR). As the accuracy of the simulation is largely dependent on mesh density, different mesh sizes were compared for the hydrodynamic validation of the multiphase flow model. Several model solution parameters comprising different time steps, convergence criteria and discretization schemes were examined to establish model parametric independency results. High‐order differencing schemes were found to agree better with the experimental data from the literature given that its formulation includes inherently the minimization of artificial numerical dissipation. The optimum values for the numerical solution parameters were then used to evaluate the hydrodynamic predictions at high‐pressure demonstrating the significant influence of the gas flow rate mainly on liquid holdup rather than on two‐phase pressure drop and exhibiting hysteresis in both hydrodynamic parameters. Afterwards, the VOF model was applied to evaluate successive radial planes of liquid volume fraction at different packed bed cross‐sections. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Nonintrusive characterization of fluidized bed hydrodynamics using vibration signature analysis
Authors: Abbasi M. , Sotudeh‐Gharebagh R. , Mostoufi N. , Zarghami R. , Mahjoob M. J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThere are many techniques to characterize the hydrodynamics of fluidized beds, but new techniques are still needed for more reliable measurement. Bed vibrations were measured by an accelerometer in a gas–solid fluidized bed to characterize the hydrodynamics of the fluidized bed in a nonintrusive manner. Measurements were carried out at different superficial gas velocities and particle sizes. Pressure fluctuations were measured simultaneously. Vibration signals were processed using statistical analysis. For the sake of the evaluation, the vibration technique was used to calculate minimum fluidization velocity. It was shown that minimum fluidization velocity can be determined from the variation of standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis of vibration signals against superficial gas velocity of the bed. Kurtosis was proved to be a new method of analyzing vibration signals. Results indicate that analyzing the vibration signals can be an effective nonintrusive technique to characterize the hydrodynamics of fluidized beds. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Enhancing the properties of urea formaldehyde wood adhesive system using different generations of core‐shell modifiers based on hydroxyl‐terminated dendritic poly(amidoamine)s
Authors: Essawy Hisham A. , Moustafa Abd‐Allah B. , Elsayed Nadia H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDifferent generations of hydroxy‐terminated dendritic poly(amidoamine) (GnOH) with ethylenediamine as a core were prepared by successive alternative addition of methylacrylate and the core up to the third generation while employing ethanolamine only in the last step of every full generation. The different generations prepared were used as modifiers for urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resins. The enhanced durability and stabilizing effect of the (GnOH)s along with the reduced levels of free formaldehyde and improved mechanical performance of wood joints glued with the modified resins are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Embryonic Development and Skeletogenesis of the Pharyngeal Jaw Apparatus in the Cichlid Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: le Pabic Pierre , Stellwag Edmund J. , Scemama Jean‐Luc 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe evolution of a specialized pharyngeal jaw apparatus (PJA) has been argued to be the key evolutionary innovation that allowed the explosive adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes in East African lakes. Subsequent studies together with recent molecular phylogenies have shown that similar innovations evolved independently several times within the teleosts, which poses the questions: (1) how similar are the developmental mechanisms responsible for these changes in divergent taxa and (2) how did such complex features arise independently in evolution? A detailed knowledge of PJA development in cichlids and other teleosts is needed to address these questions. Here, we provide a detailed account of the development of the PJA in one species of cichlid, the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), from the early segmentation and patterning of its embryonic precursors – pharyngeal arches 3 to 7 – to its ossification. We find that pharyngeal segmentation occurs sequentially from anterior to posterior during early segmentation stages through the mid‐pharyngula period. We show a clear combinatorial code of Hox gene expression such that each posterior arch is defined by a distinctive Hox signature. Posterior arch chondrogenesis in tilapia is essentially complete by the end of the hatching period, and most elements become ossified over the next two days. Our results reveal that both the fusion of lower jaw bones and articulation between the neurocranium and upper jaws occur during post‐embryonic development. Abstract end data should be: Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Striated Perineal Muscles: Location of Autonomic, Sensory, and Somatic Neurons Projecting to the Male Pig Bulbospongiosus Muscle
Authors: Botti Maddalena , Ragionieri Luisa , Gazza Ferdinando , Acone Franca , Bo Minelli Luisa , Panu Rino 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe location, number, and size of the neurons innervating the bulbospongiosus muscle (BSM) were studied in male pigs, by means of Fast Blue (FB) retrograde transport. After injection of FB into the left BSM, labeled neurons were found bilaterally in the L2‐S4 sympathetic trunk ganglia (STGs), in the caudal mesenteric ganglia (CMGs), in the microganglia of the pelvic plexus (PGs), in a dorsolateral area with respect to the central canal of S1‐S3 segments of the spinal cord (SC) and in the S1‐S4 ipsilateral and S2‐S3 contralateral spinal ganglia (SGs). The mean number of labeled FB cells was 3,122 ± 1,968 in STGs, 979 ± 667 in CMGs, 108 ± 104 in PGs, 89 ± 39 in SC and 77 ± 23 in SGs. The area of the multipolar neurons was 852 ± 22 μm2in the STGs, 878 ± 23 μm2in the CMGs and 922 ± 31 μm2in the PGs. The multipolar SC neurons had an area of 1,057 ± 38 μm2, while pseudounipolar SG cells had dimensions of 2,281 ± 129 μm2. Our research enables us to highlight two peculiarities regarding the innervation of the boar BSM: the very high number of labeled autonomic neurons and the particular localization of the motor somatic nucleus. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Caveolin‐1 is an Important Factor for the Metastasis and Proliferation of Human Small Cell Lung Cancer NCI‐H446 Cell
Authors: Yeh Dongmei , Chen Chen , Sun Ming‐Zhong , Shao Shujuan , Hao Lihong , Song Yang , Gong Linlin , Hu Jun , Wang Qi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCaveolin‐1 (CAV‐1) has been reported to play an important role in the development of a variety of human cancers. CAV‐1 expression is revealed to be reduced or absent in the malignant tumor cells of small cell lung cancers (SCLC). This study was performed to investigate the influences of the stable expression of CAV‐1 on the metastasis and proliferation of SCLC in vitro. The wild‐type CAV‐1 gene was successfully transfected into the NCI‐H446 cells and was stably expressed in the NCI‐H446 cells. The effects of CAV‐1 on the morphology, proliferation, and metastasis potential for NCI‐H446 cell were evaluated by crystal violet staining, MTT analysis, transwell assay, and scratch wound assay, respectively. Western blot and gelatin zymography were used to examine the expression changes of the metastasis‐related MMP‐3 and E‐cadherin. Stable expression of CVA‐1 was observed in the H446‐CAV‐1 cells, which enlarged the cell shape with filopodia. The proliferation of H446‐CAV‐1 was inhibited, while its migration and invasion abilities were promoted in vitro. The re‐expression of CAV‐1 reduced the expression of E‐cadherin, while it increased the protein expression and enzyme activity of MMP‐3. Taken together, the cellular proliferation of the NCI‐H446 could be inhibited by the re‐expression of CAV‐1. CAV‐1 might increase the cell metastasis potential through the interaction with E‐cadherin and MMP‐3 genes. These in vitro findings confirm the involvement of CAV‐1 in the proliferation and metastasis of SCLC. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new extant respirometric assay to estimate intrinsic growth parameters applied to study plasmid metabolic burden
Authors: Seoane Jose , Sin Gürkan , Lardon Laurent , Gernaey Krist V. , Smets Barth F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractStart‐up phenomena in microbial biokinetic assays are not captured by the most commonly used growth‐related equations. In this study we propose a new respirometric experimental design to estimate intrinsic growth parameters that allow us to avoid these limitations without data omission, separate mathematical treatment, or wake‐up pulses prior to the analysis. Identifiability and sensitivity analysis were performed to confirm the robustness of the new approach for obtaining unique and accurate estimates of growth kinetic parameters. The new experimental design was applied to establish the metabolic burden caused by the carriage of a pWW0 TOL plasmid in the model organism Pseudomonas putida KT2440. The metabolic burden associated was manifested as a reduction in the yield and the specific growth rate of the host, with both plasmid maintenance and the over‐expression of recombinant proteins from the plasmid contributing equally to the overall effect. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 141–149. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In situ growth of gold nanoparticles by enzymatic glucose oxidation within alginate gel matrix
Authors: Lim Seong Yoon , Lee Joon Seok , Park Chan Beum 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn situ growth of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) was performed in an alginate gel matrix co‐encapsulating Au NP seeds and glucose oxidase (GOx) for the development of a glucose‐sensing platform. We observed a simultaneous growth of Au NPs in the alginate matrix through the reduction of AuCl by H2O2 on Au NP seeds. The detection of the glucose level was carried out successfully via the coupling of Au NP enlargement with the oxidation of glucose catalyzed by the immobilized GOx. The enlargement of Au NPs in the alginate matrix exhibited only a red‐shift in absorbance maxima, while the generation of small Au NPs in a free solution caused a blue‐shift in higher glucose concentrations. This study shows that the co‐encapsulation of metal NPs and bioreceptor in a gel matrix may provide a simple route for the fabrication of an optical biosensor. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 210–214. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An unusual anatomical explanation for contralateral upper extremity weakness after frontal craniotomy
Authors: Hébert‐blouin Marie‐noëlle , Chowdhry Shakeel A. , Abrahams Peter H. , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractContralateral upper extremity weakness following resection of a frontal tumor is not unusual to neurosurgeons. The differential diagnosis is broad and includes postoperative brachial plexopathy, which is usually secondary to malpositioning. We report the first known case of postoperative brachial plexopathy secondary to sialadenitis. A 53‐year‐old woman who had undergone an uncomplicated right frontal craniotomy for resection of a right frontal metastatic lesion developed left upper extremity weakness as well as extensive left neck edema immediately postoperatively. The edema, tracking along the fascial plane of the neck, caused compression of the upper (more superficial) elements of the brachial plexus and ensuing plexopathy. The cause of the neck edema was found to be sialadenitis of the submandibular gland. With medical treatment, the edema slowly resolved and the patient regained full function of her left upper extremity within weeks. This unusual case represents a new etiology of postoperative brachial plexopathy, illustrates the clinical relevance of the anatomy of the neck fasciae, and broadens the differential diagnosis of contralateral weakness following craniotomy for resection of a brain tumor. Clin. Anat. 22:840–845, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.