bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety assessment of ultra‐wideband antennas for microwave breast imaging
Authors: De Santis Valerio , Sill Jeff M. , Bourqui Jeremie , Fear Elise C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article deals with the safety assessment of several ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna designs for use in prototype microwave breast imaging systems. First, the performances of the antennas are validated by comparison of measured and simulated data collected for a simple test case. An efficient approach to estimating the specific energy absorption (SA) is introduced and validated. Next, SA produced by the UWB antennas inside more realistic breast models is computed. In particular, the power levels and pulse repetition periods adopted for the SA evaluation follow the measurement protocol employed by a tissue sensing adaptive radar (TSAR) prototype system. Results indicate that the SA for the antennas examined is below limits prescribed in standards for exposure of the general population; however, the difficulties inherent in applying such standards to UWB exposures are discussed. The results also suggest that effective tools for the rapid evaluation of new sensors have been developed. Bioelectromagnetics 33:215–225, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Route to a Feasible Hydrogen‐Storage Material: MOFs versus Ammonia Borane
Authors: Hügle Thomas , Hartl Monika , Lentz Dieter 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe replacement of fossil fuels is one of the greatest challenges that chemistry and material sciences will have to face in the near future. While hydrogen seems to be the most likely candidate for this, a material able to store the hydrogen itself is sorely needed. Intense research in the past decade has narrowed down the field of possible concepts to two materials: ammonia borane with chemically bound hydrogen atoms and metal–organic frameworks with physisorbed hydrogen molecules. Herein we want to give an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of each concept, discuss the challenges that need to be overcome, and try to compare the future capabilities of these two materials.
Bis[3,5‐bis(benzylidene)‐4‐oxo‐1‐piperidinyl]amides: A Novel Class of Potent Cytotoxins
Authors: Das Swagatika , Das Umashankar , Varela‐Ramírez Armando , Lema Carolina , Aguilera Renato J. , Balzarini Jan , De Clercq Erik , Dimmock Stephen G. , Gorecki Dennis K. J. , Dimmock Jonathan R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe principal objective of this study was the examination of the theory of cytotoxic synergism. In this exploratory study, we tested the hypothesis that doubling the number of sites available for thiol alkylation in a series of candidate cytotoxins increases potency more than two‐fold. This concept was verified in one‐third of our comparisons using human Molt 4/C8 and CEM T‐lymphocytes and murine L1210 cells. In addition, the significant potencies of various members of our compound series justified further studies. Molecular modeling revealed that relative locations of the amidic groups correlate with cytotoxicity. A potent cytotoxic compound, 1,2‐bis(3,5‐dibenzylidene‐4‐oxo‐piperidin‐1‐yl)ethane‐1,2‐dione (1 a) inhibited the growth of a large number of human tumor cell lines and displayed greater toxicity toward certain non‐adherent cells than toward adherent neoplasms or fibroblasts. The mode of action of 1 a includes induction of apoptosis and necrosis.
Parallel feedback pathways in visual cortex of cats revealed through a modified rabies virus
Authors: Connolly Jason D. , Hashemi‐Nezhad Maziar , Lyon David C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe visual cortex of cats is highly evolved. Analogously to the brains of primates, large numbers of visual areas are arranged hierarchically and can be parsed into separate dorsal and ventral streams for object recognition and visuospatial representation. Within early primate visual areas, V1 and V2, and to a lesser extent V3, the two streams are relatively segregated and relayed in parallel to higher order cortex, although there is some evidence suggesting an alignment of V2 and V3 to one stream over the other. For cats, there is no evidence of anatomical segregation in areas 18 and 19, the analogs to V2 and V3. However, previous work was only qualitative in nature. Here we re‐examined the feedback connectivity patterns of areas 18/19 in quantitative detail. To accomplish this, we used a genetically modified rabies virus that acts as a retrograde tracer and fills neurons with fluorescent protein. After injections into area 19, many more neurons were labeled in putative ventral stream area 21a than in putative dorsal stream region posterolateral suprasylvian complex of areas (PLS), and the dendrites of neurons in 21a were significantly more complex. Conversely, area 18 injections labeled more neurons in PLS, and these were more complex than neurons in 21a. We infer from our results that area 19 in cat is more aligned to the ventral stream and area 18 to the dorsal stream. Based on the success of our approach, we suggest that this method could be applied to resolve similar issues related to primate V3. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:988–1004, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increasing end‐to‐end fairness over IEEE 802.11e‐based wireless mesh networks
Authors: Abouaissa Abdelhafid , Brahmia Mohamed‐el‐Amine , Lorenz Pascal 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we discuss the issue of fairness in the IEEE802.11e over wireless mesh networks. Fairness is an important factor that we have to achieve before talking about QoS. Inspired by social networks approximations, and to achieve fairness and provide QoS by regulating heterogeneous traffic, we extended the original IEEE802.11e protocol by introducing a new algorithm based on the ‘token bucket’ concept. We also treat the problem of exposed/hidden nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed approach offers better performance than the IEEE802.11e one. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verankerungen im Mauerwerk – Was ist neu in Europa?
Authors: Becker Rainer , Block Klaus 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDurch die Einführung der beiden Leitlinien ETAG 020 [1] zur Beurteilung und Bemessung von Kunststoffdübeln in Beton und Mauerwerk sowie ETAG 029 [2] zur Beurteilung und Bemessung von Injektionsverankerungen in Mauerwerk ist die Basis zur Erteilung europäischer technischer Zulassungen gelegt worden. Der Artikel stellt die Unterschiede zwischen dem bisherigen Zulassungscharakter nationaler Zulassungen und den europäischen technischen Zulassungen dar. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die Grundprinzipien der verschiedenen Verankerungen sowie die resultierenden Untersuchungen erläutert. Besonderes Augenmerk wird schließlich auf die Durchführung von Baustellenversuchen gelegt. Aufgrund der bisherigen Erfahrungen und der Erfordernisse der beiden Leitlinien wird die Durchführung dieser Versuche und die Bewertung der Ergebnisse erläutert.Fastenings in Masonry – News from Europe? Due to the publishment of the guidelines ETAG 020 [1] for evaluation and design of polymeric anchors in concrete and masonry units as well as ETAG 029 [2] for evaluation and design of bonded anchors in masonry the basis is laid for granting European technical approvals. This article describes the differences between the present national approvals and the European technical approvals. Furthermore the principles of anchorage between the different fastenings and the related determinations are shown. Special attention is paid to the job site tests finally. Conducting of these tests and the assessment of the results are explained due to the current experience and the requirements of the two guidelines.
Masonry fastenings for double‐leaf façades – the state of the art
Authors: Modersohn Wilhelm , Hübers Reinhold 
Published: August 2011

AbstractZweischalige Mauerwerksfassaden sind aufgrund ihrer hervorragenden Eigenschaften im Bereich der Wärmedämmung, Schallisolierung, Beständigkeit und der Gebäudeklimatisierung stark im Trend (s. Bild 1). Um diese Vorteile dauerhaft und wirksam nutzen zu können und um dem Bauherrn eine hohe Investitionssicherheit zu geben, kommt es besonders auf die richtige Befestigung der Vorsatzschale an. Der folgende Beitrag gibt detaillierte Hinweise und Erläuterungen zu technisch und wirtschaftlich sinnvollen Produktlösungen.
Zweischaliges Ziegelverblendmauerwerk – Stand der Technik
Authors: Altaha Nasser 
Published: August 2011

AbstractZweischaliges Ziegelverblendmauerwerk hat sich in den Gebieten mit höchster Schlagregenbeanspruchung über viele Jahrzehnte als besonders widerstandsfähig und wartungsfrei bewährt. In Norddeutschland prägen Ziegelfassaden das Bild vieler Städte und Dörfer und sind integraler Bestandteil der kulturellen Identität.Die Entscheidung zugunsten von Ziegelfassaden ist keineswegs nur auf traditionelle Werte zurückzuführen, sondern sie unterliegt vielmehr ökologischen und ökonomischen Gesichtspunkten. Ziegelfassaden zeichnen sich insbesondere durch ihre bewährten Eigenschaften wie Dauerhaftigkeit, Wartungsfreiheit, individuelle Gestaltung und Widerstandfähigkeit gegen extreme Witterungseinflüsse aus (Bild 1).Die zur Zeit in der Mauerwerksnorm DIN 1053‐1 [1] zusammengestellten Anforderungen an die Planung und Ausführung dieser Bauweise entsprechen nicht mehr den heute allgemein anerkannten Regeln der Bautechnik. Der vollständig überarbeitete Abschnitt für die zweischalige Wand wird künftig im nationalen Anhang der Europäischen Mauerwerksnorm DIN EN 1996‐1‐1/NA (EC 6) [2] zu finden sein. Die Europäische Mauerwerksnorm EC 6 soll im Jahre 2012 bauaufsichtlich eingeführt werden.Die vorliegende Abhandlung zeigt den aktuellen Stand der Ausführungstechnik für zweischaliges Ziegelverblendmauerwerk und geht auf die wichtigsten Fragen zur fachgerechten Umsetzung dieser Bauweise ein.Double faced brickwork (cavity brick construction) – State of the art. Double faced brickwork has proven itself as particularly resistant and maintenance‐free over many decades in areas with the highest rain strain. In North Germany brick facades dominate the image of many towns and villages and are an integral part of cultural identity.The decision to go with brick facades is not just due to traditional values, but rather it is subject to environmental and economic perspectives. Brick facades are particularly distinguished by its unique properties, such as durability, maintenance, individual design and resistance to extreme weather conditions (Fig. 1).The currently in Masonry Standard DIN 1053‐1 [1] compiled requirements for the planning and execution of this construction are no longer comply with today’s generally recognized rules of building constructions. In the future the completely revised section of the cavity wall can be found in the national annex to the European Masonry Standard DIN EN 1996‐1‐1/ NA (EC 6) [2]. The European Masonry Standard EC 6 is supposed to be introduced in 2012.This paper shows the current state of the design technique for bivalve faced brickwork and focuses the key issues for proper implementation of this design.
Die Fehlermöglichkeits‐ und Einflussanalyse (FMEA) als Werkzeug zur Qualitätssicherung im Mauerwerksbau
Authors: Seim Werner , Vogt Tobias 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDie Fehlermöglichkeits‐ und Einflussanalyse (FMEA) wurde entwickelt, um die Qualität von Produkten sicherzustellen. Es sollen mögliche Fehler in einem frühen Stadium erkannt werden, um diese bereits im Vorfeld zu vermeiden bzw. deren Folgen durch geeignete Maßnahmen zu minimieren. Sie findet im Bereich des Maschinenbaus, insbesondere in der Luft‐ und Raumfahrt sowie in der Automobilindustrie, bereits seit einigen Jahrzehnten Anwendung.Im Rahmen eines vom Bundesinstitut für Bau‐, Stadt‐ und Raumforschung (BBSR) geförderten Forschungsprojektes wurde ein Leitfaden “Tragwerk‐FMEA“ mit Regeln zur Durchführung einer FMEA im Bauwesen formuliert. Dabei werden der Schwierigkeitsgrad und die Robustheit eines Tragwerks als diejenigen Parameter definiert, aus denen sich der nötige Umfang ableiten lässt.Anhand eines Beispiels aus dem Mauerwerksbau wird die “Tragwerk‐FMEA“ vorgestellt.
Diagnostic concordance of the interview and questionnaire versions of the eating disorder examination
Authors: Berg Kelly C. , Stiles‐Shields E. Colleen , Swanson Sonja A. , Peterson Carol B. , Lebow Jocelyn , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective:The diagnostic concordance of the interview (EDE) and questionnaire (EDE‐Q) versions of the Eating Disorder Examination was examined.Method:Two‐hundred seventeen patients seeking eating disorder treatment completed the EDE and EDE‐Q before beginning treatment. Diagnostic algorithms were generated for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM‐IV‐TR) and proposed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) criteria using data first from the EDE and then from the EDE‐Q; thus, each participant received four diagnoses.Results:The sensitivity of the EDE‐Q for individual diagnoses ranged from 27.8% to 84.3% (DSM‐IV‐TR) and from 36.8% to 80.8% (DSM‐5). The specificity of the EDE‐Q for individual diagnoses ranged from 71.1% to 98.5% (DSM‐IV‐TR) and from 77.3% to 98.0% (DSM‐5). The overall diagnostic concordance was moderate (κ = .57–.60).Discussion:The proposed DSM‐5 criteria improved the diagnostic concordance of the two instruments and reduced the prevalence of Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS). However, concordance improvement was modest and both instruments still diagnosed most respondents with EDNOS. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011;45:850–855)
Ecohydrological consequences of drought‐ and infestation‐ triggered tree die‐off: insights and hypotheses
Authors: Adams Henry D. , Luce Charles H. , Breshears David D. , Allen Craig D. , Weiler Markus , Hale V. Cody , Smith Alistair M. S. , Huxman Travis E. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTWidespread, rapid, drought‐, and infestation‐triggered tree mortality is emerging as a phenomenon affecting forests globally and may be linked to increasing temperatures and drought frequency and severity. The ecohydrological consequences of forest die‐off have been little studied and remain highly uncertain. To explore this knowledge gap, we apply the extensive literature on the ecohydrological effects of tree harvest in combination with the limited existing die‐off ecohydrology research to develop new, relevant hypotheses. Tree mortality results in loss of canopy cover, which directly alters evaporation, transpiration, and canopy interception and indirectly alters other watershed hydrologic processes, including infiltration, runoff, groundwater recharge, and streamflow. Both die‐off and harvest research suggest that for most forests, water yield can be expected to increase following substantial loss of tree cover by die‐off. We hypothesize that where annual precipitation exceeds ∼500 mm or water yield is dominated by snowmelt, watersheds will experience significantly decreased evapotranspiration and increased flows if absolute canopy cover loss from die‐off exceeds 20%. However, recent observations suggest that water yield following die‐off can potentially decrease rather than increase in drier forests. To reliably predict die‐off responses, more research is needed to test these hypotheses, including observations of multiple water budget components and the persistence of ecohydrological effects with the post‐die‐off successional dynamics of tree recruitment, understorey growth, and interactions with additional disturbances. With die‐off, mitigation and restoration options are limited and costly, necessitating societal adaptation; therefore, die‐off ecohydrology should be a high priority for future research. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Chiral 1,1′‐Bi(tetrahydroisoquinoline)‐Type Diamines as Efficient Ligands for Nickel‐Catalysed Enantioselective Michael Addition to Nitroalkenes
Authors: Wilckens Kristina , Duhs Marcel‐Antoine , Lentz Dieter , Czekelius Constantin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA chiral C2‐symmetric 1,2‐diamine based on a 1,1′‐bi(tetrahydroisoquinoline) scaffold was found to be an efficient ligand for the enantioselective NiII‐catalysed Michael addition of malonic esters to conjugated nitroalkenes. The reactions proceed with 92–99 % yield and 91–99 % enantioselectivity even at elevated temperatures. The solid‐state structure of the catalyst precursor revealed intramolecular π–π stacking as well as supramolecular halogen···halogen bonding interactions.
Dielectrophoretic capture of E. coli cells at micropatterned nanoelectrode arrays
Authors: Syed Lateef U. , Liu Jianwei , Price Alex K. , Li Yi‐fen , Culbertson Christopher T. , Li Jun 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper reports capture and detection of pathogenic bacteria based on AC dielectrophoresis (DEP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) employing an embedded vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF) nanoelectrode array (NEA) versus a macroscopic indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) transparent electrode in “points‐and‐lid” configuration. The nano‐DEP device was fabricated using photolithography processes to define an exposed active region on a randomly distributed NEA and a microfluidic channel on ITO to guide the flow of labeled Escherichia coli cells, respectively, and then bond them into a fluidic chip. A high‐frequency (100 kHz) AC field was applied to generate positive DEP at the tips of exposed CNFs. Enhanced electric field gradient was achieved due to reduction in electrode size down to nanometer scale which helped to overcome the large hydrodynamic drag force experienced by E. coli cells at high flow velocities (up to 1.6 mm/s). This DEP device was able to effectively capture a significant number of E. coli cells. Significant decrease in the absolute impedance at the NEA was observed in EIS experiments. The results obtained in this study suggest the possibility of integration of a fully functional electronic device for rapid, reversible and label‐free capture and detection of pathogenic bacteria.
Dielectrophoretic mobility determination in DC insulator‐based dielectrophoresis
Authors: Weiss Noah G. , Jones Paul V. , Mahanti Prasun , Chen Kang P. , Taylor Thomas J. , Hayes Mark A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractInsulator‐based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) is a powerful tool for separating and characterizing particles, yet it is limited by a lack of quantitative characterizations. Here, this limitation is addressed by employing a method capable of quantifying the DEP mobility of particles. Using streak‐based velocimetry the particle properties are deduced from their motion in a microfluidic channel with a constant electric field gradient. From this approach, the DEP mobility of 1 μm polystyrene particles was found to be −2±0.4 10−8 cm4/(V2 s). In the future, such quantitative treatment will allow for the elucidation of unique insights and rational design of devices.
Dielectrophoretic monitoring of microorganisms in environmental applications
Authors: Jesús‐Pérez Nadia M. , Lapizco‐Encinas Blanca H. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDielectrophoresis (DEP) is the motion of polarizable particles in the presence of nonuniform electric fields. This novel electrokinetic technique has successfully been employed in many miniaturized systems for the manipulation and detection of microbes. This review article depicts the application of dielectrophoresis for the monitoring of microorganisms in microfluidic devices for environmental applications. The research studies described here are mainly conceived for water‐ and air‐monitoring assessments, and are classified considering the target aimed to detect, concentrate, and/or separate, including chemical and toxicant agents, and microorganisms ranging from virus to protozoa. Dielectrophoresis has also played an important role in biofilm formation studies. This review article comprises mainly studies published from 2000 to present. Even in this relatively short time frame, there have been many significant contributions of this powerful and nascent technique related to environmental monitoring; thus, unveiling its great potential for future research directions.
Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviour Problems in Childhood Contribute to the Development of Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa—A Study Comparing Sister Pairs
Authors: Adambegan Mandana , Wagner Gudrun , Nader Ingo W. , Fernandez‐Aranda Fernando , Treasure Janet , Karwautz Andreas 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjectiveWe wanted to clarify whether there is any clinically relevant behavioural psychopathology in patients before onset of an eating disorder (ED) compared with their healthy sisters and if there are differences in behavioural problems between the ED subtypes anorexia nervosa—restricting type (AN‐R) and EDs with bulimic behaviour.MethodBehavioural psychopathology was examined by parental report using the Child Behaviour Checklist retrospectively in 83 sister pairs discordant for an ED (37 with AN‐R and 46 with bulimic EDs) by means of conditional logistic regression.ResultsParticipants who later developed an ED had significantly higher internalizing and externalizing behavioural abnormality scores before onset of the ED than their unaffected sisters. Conditional logistic regression revealed significantly higher internalizing behaviour scores in AN‐R and significantly higher internalizing and externalizing scores in the bulimic disorders.DiscussionInternalizing problems (anxiety, depression and somatization) preceded the development of AN, whereas both internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems (aggressive and delinquent behaviour) preceded bulimic disorders. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The Accuracy of Non‐traditional versus Traditional Methods of Forecasting Lumpy Demand
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Somnath , Solis Adriano O. , Gutierrez Rafael S. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTForecasting for inventory items with lumpy demand is difficult because of infrequent nonzero demands with high variability. This article developed two methods to forecast lumpy demand: an optimally weighted moving average method and an intelligent pattern‐seeking method. We compare them with a number of well‐referenced methods typically applied over the last 30 years in forecasting intermittent or lumpy demand. The comparison is conducted over about 200,000 forecasts (using 1‐day‐ahead and 5‐day‐ahead review periods) for 24 series of actual product demands across four different error measures. One of the most important findings of our study is that the two non‐traditional methods perform better overall than the traditional methods. We summarize results and discuss managerial implications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel GLP‐1 mimetics in diabetes: lixisenatide and albiglutide
Authors: Seewoodhary Jason , Davies John 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLixisenatide and albiglutide are glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) agonists in clinical development that are similar to exenatide and liraglutide. This review critically considers the emerging evidence on the pharmacology, efficacy, safety and potential roles these two agents may have in clinical practice.