bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Perception and its Association with Cardiac Risk and Health Behaviors among Urban Minority Adults: The Bronx Coronary Risk Perception Study
Authors: Barnhart Janice M. , Wright Natania D. , Freeman Katherine , Silagy Frank , Correa Nereida , Walker Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. Examine the relationship among risk perceptions, health behaviors, and a measure for actual risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Design. Cross-sectional survey. Setting/Subjects. Adults from three outpatient medical clinics with at least one CHD risk factor. Measures. Perceived risk using the new Coronary Risk, Individual Perception (CRIP) scale, an index of CHD risk, and summary scores for self-reported diet and exercise. Analysis. Bivariate associations using Spearman rank and Kruskal-Wallis; multiple regression models for outcomes (health behaviors). Results. The 16-item CRIP scale had acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.76; interitem total correlation = 0.34 ± 0.17). The response rate was 80.3%, and the mean age of 256 respondents was 56.6 (± 9.9) years; 70 % were women, 63% Hispanic, and 27% black. CRIP scores were inversely associated with low fat/high fiber intake (r = −0.17; p = .007) and exercise (r = −0.19; p = .003). Among respondents with three or more CHD risk factors (n = 132), 44 % perceived themselves to be at low risk for CHD. In multivariable models, men with high CRIP scores had higher fat intake than women (p = .02), but men exercised more (p = .04). Conclusions. In this study, gender moderated the relationship between risk perception and health behaviors, and many respondents underestimated their risk of CHD. Behavioral intervention research aimed at reducing cardiometabolic risk in minority populations should resolve differences between perceived and actual risk of CHD to foster lifestyle changes and examine temporal relationships between risk perception and health behaviors.
The Role of Labor Organizations in Tobacco Control: What Do Unionized Workers Think?
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca J. , Weisman Susan R. , Jones Resa M. , Erickson Darin 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. Examine unionized workers' knowledge and attitudes about workplace tobacco use, their exposure to secondhand smoke, and the role of labor unions in addressing smoking and cessation coverage policies. Design. Random-digit dial telephone survey. Subjects. Unionized workers in Minnesota (N = 508). Measures. Knowledge and attitudes about workplace tobacco use and tobacco control policy making. Analysis. Multiple logistic regression. Results. The majority of respondents viewed secondhand smoke exposure as an important workplace health and safety issue, a health risk to nonsmokers, and a driver of increased health care costs, but smokers were less likely than nonsmokers to agree. Only 7% of respondents supported their unions taking the lead in tobacco control policy making. A large majority of those surveyed rated smoking cessation programs as an important benefit for which their labor unions could bargain; however, smokers and those whose workplaces allowed smoking were less likely than their counterparts to agree. Conclusions. Most unionized workers were aware of the health effects of exposure to secondhand smoke and supported union bargaining for restrictions on workplace smoking and cessation programs, although few workers supported their unions taking the lead in initiating worksite smoking policies. Results suggest that campaigns to promote smoke-free worksites should be tailored to unionized workers, and further collaborations with labor unions to promote policy change are needed.
Systematic Review of Interventions to Increase Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in African-Americans
Authors: Whitt-Glover Melicia C. , Kumanyika Shiriki K. 
Published: June 2010

Objective. To identify characteristics of effective interventions designed to increase physical activity (PA) or fitness among African-Americans. Data Sources. Articles published between 1985 and 2006. Study Inclusion Criteria. Studies reporting PA or fitness change data in African-American participants were included. Data Extraction. Information on study design, intervention, data collection methods, and outcomes was extracted using a standardized form. Data Synthesis. Studies were ranked on quality and were summarized separately for adults and children. Results. We identified 29 studies in adults and 14 studies in children. Most were randomized controlled trials. All but six specifically targeted African-Americans; comparisons of effectiveness in African-Americans vs. others were not possible. Methodological heterogeneity limited comparisons of findings across studies. In adults, most studies showed significant within-group pre-post improvements in PA, but only 10 studies found differences between intervention and comparison groups. Most studies in children were null. Conclusions. Effective programs in adults were from randomized controlled trials and involved structured exercise programs. Studies with explicit cultural adaptations did not necessarily result in better PA outcomes. Additional studies are needed with larger sample sizes, longer follow-up, attention controls, strategies informed by proven behavior change theories, and objective PA assessment.
The Benefits of Physical Activity for Youth with Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Johnson Connie C. 
Published: June 2010

Objective. Analyze evidence of the benefits of physical activity for youth with developmental disabilities. Data Sources. Key word searches for “disability,” “physical activity,” “exercise,” “fitness,” and “sport” in major databases. A total of 3263 citations was found. Study Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria. Systematic reviews and articles about studies quantitatively examining the effects of physical activity in youth with developmental disabilities ages 0 to 20 years were included. Only articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals were included. Data Extraction. A Measurement Tool to Assess Reviews criteria were used for systematic reviews; Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, Evaluation criteria were used for observational studies; and Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome criteria were used for all studies. Data Synthesis. Data, shown in table format, were synthesized in relation to five research questions. Results. Three systematic reviews and 14 studies were reviewed. Strong evidence indicated that children and adolescents with developmental disabilities derive health benefits from participation in group exercise programs, treadmill training, or therapeutic riding/hippotherapy. Lesser levels of evidence indicated that health benefits might be present for adapted skiing or aquatic programs. Documented benefits of physical activity include improvements in aerobic capacity, improved gross motor function, and high levels of participant/parent satisfaction. Conclusions. Evidence exists that physical activity is beneficial for youth with developmental disabilities. Further research studies are needed that are of greater scientific rigor including larger sample sizes, control groups, and stringent, replicable methodology.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Risk Factors in Illinois
Authors: Reppert Adam , Steiner Bruce F. , Chapman-Novakofski K. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. To examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Illinois and associated risk factors to document emerging problems as a basis for preventive and/or therapeutic interventions. Design. The 2005 Illinois Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data were analyzed for prevalence rates and relative risk (RR) of risk factors for MS. Setting. Illinois. Subjects. Representative sample of 5077 noninstitutionalized Illinoisans aged ≥ 18. Measures. Presence of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, angina, and obesity; adequate fruit/vegetable intake; adequate daily physical activity; routine consumption of calcium-rich foods; smoking; and demographic variables. Analysis. Prevalence, chi-square, RR, and analyses of variance. Results. MS prevalence was 16.2%. The RR for MS was 8 for those having diabetes; 20 for those with hypertension; 14 for those with hypercholesterolemia; 6 for those with angina; and 7 for those with obesity. Fruit/vegetable intake did not significantly influence the RR (RR = 1.01), but RR was greater when calcium-rich foods were not routinely consumed (RR = 1.61) and with inadequate physical activity (RR = 1.85). MS prevalence was highest in those over 65 years; with incomes <$15,000; and among Blacks. Differences among those with one through five indicators of MS were not significant for fruit/vegetable intake, but were for physical activity, age group, income, and education level (p < .001). Conclusion. These findings reveal that MS prevention should be emphasized for lower-income, older Blacks. Increasing physical activity and calcium-rich foods are areas for community-based education.
A Brief Intervention Designed to Increase Breast Cancer Self-Screening
Authors: Lindberg Nangel M. , Stevens Victor J. , Smith K. Sabina , Glasgow Russell E. , Toobert Deborah J. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. To assess the efficacy of an intervention designed to increase appropriate use of breast self-examination (BSE). Methods. Two-armed randomized clinical trial of cancer-control interventions in women that compared a BSE intervention program to a dietary intervention, which served as the control group. The study was conducted at a large health maintenance organization in Portland, Oregon. Participants were 616 female members of the health maintenance organization who were aged 40 to 70 years. The intervention consisted of a 30- to 45-minute individual counseling session that featured BSE instruction, training and practice with silicone models, identification of barriers to BSE, and problem-solving. This intervention was followed by two brief follow-up telephone calls. The study outcome measure was self-reported BSE practice, which included duration, frequency, and specific elements of exam. Results. The study had a 90% response rate. At the 1-year follow-up, χ2 analyses showed that significantly more individuals in the BSE intervention (59%) reported adequate BSE performance compared with those in the control group (12.2%; p < .001). Conclusions. This brief intervention was successful in encouraging women to perform adequate BSEs. Although the role of the BSE in patient care remains controversial, these results show that even brief intervention programs can be effective at encouraging self-screening for cancer. This intervention could easily be modified to target other screening practices (e.g., skin or testicular cancer screening) that are associated with reduced cancer morbidity and mortality.
School Performance, Lack of Facilities, and Safety Concerns: Barriers to Parents' Support of Their Children's Physical Activity
Authors: Davison Kirsten Krahnstoever 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. To identify barriers to parents' support of their children's physical activity (PA) and to develop a survey to assess such barriers. Methods. Eighty-two parents (40 white; 36 African-American; 6 other) of elementary school-aged children participated in small-group interviews. Parents reported barriers to supporting their children's PA and suggested possible solutions. This information was used to develop the Barriers to Activity Support Scale (BASS), which was completed by 75 of the 82 parents along with a survey that assessed the parents' support for their children's PA. Results. Parents reported community-based, interpersonal, and intrapersonal barriers to supporting their children's PA. Top barriers included the importance of children's school performance, a lack of facilities, and concerns about safety. Parents who reported greater barriers reported lower support for their children's PA. Discussion. Results provide preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the BASS and highlight the need to address barriers during the development of family-based PA programs.
Obesity and the Built Environment: Does the Density of Neighborhood Fast-Food Outlets Matter?
Authors: Li Fuzhong , Harmer Peter , Cardinal Bradley J. , Bosworth Mark , Johnson-Shelton Deb 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. Examine variation in obesity among older adults relative to the joint influences of density of neighborhood fast food outlets and residents' behavioral, psychosocial, and sociodemographic characteristics. Design. Cross-sectional and multilevel design. Setting. Census block groups, used as a proxy for neighborhoods, within the metropolitan region's Urban Growth Boundary in Portland, Oregon. Subjects. A total of 1221 residents (mean age, 65 years) recruited randomly from 120 neighborhoods (48% response rate). Measures. A geographic information system-based measure of fast food restaurant density across 120 neighborhoods was created. Residents within the sampled neighborhoods were assessed with respect to their body mass indices (BMI), frequency of visits to local fast food restaurants, fried food consumption, levels of physical activity, self-efficacy of eating fruits and vegetables, household income, and race/ethnicity. Analyses. Multilevel logistic regression analyses. Results. Significant associations were found between resident-level individual characteristics and the likelihood of being obese (BMI ≥ 30) for neighborhoods with a high-density of fast food restaurants in comparison with those with a low density: odds ratios for obesity, 95% confidence intervals (CI), were 1.878 (CI, 1.006–3.496) for weekly visits to local fast food restaurants; 1.792 (CI, 1.006–3.190) for not meeting physical activity recommendations; 1.212 (CI, 1.057–1.391) for low confidence in eating healthy food; and 8.057 (CI, 1.705–38.086) for non-Hispanic black residents. Conclusion. Increased density of neighborhood fast food outlets was associated with unhealthy lifestyles, poorer psychosocial profiles, and increased risk of obesity among older adults.
State Legislation to Improve Employee Wellness
Authors: Lankford Tina , Kruger Judy , Bauer Deborah 
Published: June 2010

Objective. Categorize and describe the content and status of state legislation of worksite wellness. Methods. State worksite wellness legislation was compiled from the Centers for Disease Control's Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity State Legislative Database ( http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/DNPALeg/index.asp ) and from LexisNexis ( http://www.lexisnexis.com ). Key word searches were used to gather worksite wellness legislation (2001–2006), with the exception of resolutions and those bills not pertaining to general employee wellness. Legislation was individually examined, categorized, and analyzed for content and status. Results. The four categories of state legislation that appeared to be most common were tax credits (n = 34; 0 passed), wellness policies and programs (n = 21; 4 passed), alternative transportation (n = 18; 4 passed), and health insurance (n = 14; 3 passed). Conclusion. During 2001 to 2006, seven of 27 states enacted worksite wellness bills. In the three categories in which bills passed, 19% to 22% were enacted. This proportion, similar to other health promotions bills, indicates that worksite health promotion legislation passed as favorably as other health promotion topics. Further, the language in the bills did not recommend a specific standard for employee health, such as that in the national Healthy People 2010 objectives.
Investigating Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Using the Transtheoretical Model
Authors: Horwath Caroline C. , Nigg Claudio R. , Motl Rob W. , Wong Kristen T. , Dishman Rod K. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. Test the applicability of the transtheoretical model (TTM) to adult fruit/vegetable consumption. Design. Cross-sectional random-digit dial survey. Setting. Hawaii. Subjects. 700 (62.6% female; age [mean ± SD], 47 ± 17.1 years; education [mean ± SD], 14.6 ± 2.8 years; 35.0% white, 31.1% Asian, 22.1% native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 11.8% other). Measures. Stages, processes, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and self-reported fruit/vegetable consumption. Analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis tested the factor structure. Analyses of variance were used to explore stage differences in constructs. Results. Stage distribution was precontemplation (33%), contemplation (4%), preparation (37%), action (3%), and maintenance (23%). A 10-factor process model with two higher-order correlated factors (experiential and behavioral) provided the best data fit (X2 = 1446.12; df = 366; p < .0001; comparative fit index [CFI] = .89; standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = .05). The self-efficacy structure fit the data well (X2 = 81.86; df = 9; p < .0001; CFI = .94; SRMR = .04), as did the decisional balance structure (X2 = 37.42; df = 19;p = .007; CFI = .99; SRMR = .02). Processes, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and fruit/vegetable consumption behavior differed significantly by stage, with medium effect sizes for most variables. Conclusion. The variables revealed adequate fit to the theorized measurement models. TTM predictions regarding stage differences in self-efficacy, pros and cons, and fruit/vegetable consumption were confirmed; however, most experiential and behavioral processes increased in the early stages and then leveled off.
Clinical Utility of a Fingerstick Technology to Identify Individuals with Abnormal Blood Lipids and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels
Authors: Parikh Parin , Mochari Heidi , Mosca Lori 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of a commonly used fingerstick technology to identify individuals with abnormal blood levels of total cholesterol (TC), calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) compared with a standardized laboratory. Methods. Participants (n = 250; mean age, 48.0 + 13.5 years; 66% female; 36% nonwhite) were eligible for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Blood lipids and hsCKP were measured simultaneously by (1) fingerstick analyzed by Cholestech LDX analyzers and (2) fresh venous blood that was analyzed by Columbia University General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) Core Laboratory. Pearson correlation coefficients, kappa, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated for fingerstick versus GCRC laboratory values for lipids and hsCRP. Results. The correlations between fingerstick and core laboratory for TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, and hsCRP were .91, .88, .77, .93, and .81, respectively (all p < .01). Sensitivity and specificity of the fingerstick to identify those with abnormal lipids and hsCRP ≥ 1 mg/L were all ≥ 75%. Conclusion. Fingerstick screening is accurate and has good clinical utility to identify persons with abnormal blood lipids and hsCRP at the point of care in a diverse population that is eligible for primary prevention of CVD. These results may not be generalizable to patients at high risk for CVD or who have known hyperlipidemia.
Impact of a Worksite Wellness Program on the Nutrition and Physical Activity Environment of Child Care Centers
Authors: Gosliner Wendi A. , James Paula , Yancey Antronette K. , Ritchie Lorrene , Studer Natalie , Crawford Patricia B. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. To test whether implementing a staff wellness program affects the nutrition and physical activity environment at child care centers. Design. Quasi-experimental controlled trial. Setting. Child care centers in low income neighborhoods in California. Subjects. Eighty-two staff members at 13 centers completed the study. Intervention. Intervention and control groups received training and education about nutrition and physical activity. The intervention group also participated in a worksite wellness program. Measures. Staff members' personal health habits, self-efficacy in working with families on nutrition and physical activity, and changes in children's food and physical activity environments were assessed. Analysis. Statistical software was used to analyze change scores for pre-post measures and to test differences for end point—only measures. Results. Although significant differences in staff members' personal health behaviors were not observed, staff from intervention sites exhibited more positive changes in their comfort level in talking to parents about nutrition and physical activity. Intervention sites reported providing more fresh fruits (p = .004) and vegetables (p = .03) to children as part of regular meals and snacks and serving more fresh fruits (p = .05) at children's celebrations. Control sites reported greater increases in sweetened foods (p = .02) and sweetened beverages (p = .05) at children's celebrations. Conclusion. The wellness intervention shows promise in improving the children's food environment in a child care setting.
Six-Month Follow-up and Participant Use and Satisfaction of an Electronic Mail Intervention Promoting Physical Activity and Nutrition
Authors: Plotnikoff Ronald C. , Pickering Michael A. , McCargar Linda J. , Loucaides Constantinos A. , Hugo Kylie 
Published: June 2010

Purpose. To evaluate the effects of a 12-week e-mail intervention promoting physical activity and nutrition, and to describe participant use and satisfaction feedback. Design. A longitudinal, randomized trial. Setting. Five large workplaces in Alberta, Canada. Participants. One thousand forty-three participants completed all three assessments, and 1263 participants in the experimental group provided use and satisfaction feedback after receiving the 12-week intervention. Intervention. Paired physical activity and nutrition messages were e-mailed weekly to the experimental group. The control group received all messages in bulk (i.e., within a single e-mail message) at the conclusion of the intervention. Measures. Self-report measures of knowledge, cognitions, and behaviors related to physical activity and nutrition were used. Satisfaction with e-mail messages was assessed at Time 2. Analysis. Planned contrasts compared the experimental group measures at Time 3 with those reported at Time 2 and with control group measures reported at Time 3. Control group measures at Time 3 were also compared with control group measures at Time 2. Results. The small intervention effects previously reported between Time 1 and Time 2 were maintained at Time 3. Providing the e-mail messages in bulk also had a significant positive effect on many of the physical activity and nutrition variables. Conclusions. E-mail offers a promising medium for promoting health-enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Additional research is needed to determine optimal message dose and content.