bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ab intio Investigations of Lattice Parameters in ZnMgO Alloys
Authors: Heinemann Markus , Giar Marcel , Heiliger Christian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe perform density functional theory calculations to determine equilibrium lattice parameters of wurtzite Zn1-xMgxO alloys for Mg concentrationsxranging from 0 to 31.25 %. We use the local density approximation (LDA) as well as the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange correlation functional. For the lattice constants a and c we find a deviation from Vegard's law and a constant unit cell volume independent of the Mg concentration.
Self-Assembly of Cylinder-Forming Block Copolymers on Ultrananocrystalline Diamond (UNCD) Thin Films for Lithographic Applications
Authors: Ramanathan Muruganathan , Darling Seth B. , Sumant Anirudha V. , Auciello Orlando 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBlock copolymers (BCPs) consist of two or more chemically distinct and incompatible polymer chains (or blocks) covalently bonded. Due to the incompatibility and connectivity constraints between the two blocks, diblock copolymers spontaneously self-assemble into microphase-separated nanoscale domains that exhibit ordered 0, 1, 2 or 3 dimensional morphologies at equilibrium. Commonly observed microdomain morphologies in bulk samples are periodic arrangements of lamellae, cylinders, or spheres. Block copolymer lithography refers to the use of these ordered structures in the form of thin films as templates for patterning through selective etching or deposition. The self-assembly and domain orientation of block copolymers on a given substrate is critical to realize block copolymer lithography as a tool for large throughput nanolithography applications. In this work, we survey the morphology of cylinder-forming block copolymers by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Three kind of block copolymers were studied: a) poly(styrene-block-ferrocenyldimethylsilane), PS-b-PFS b) poly(styrene-block-methylmethacrylate), PS-b-PMMA and c) poly(styrene-block-dimethylsiloxane) PS-b-PDMS. Block copolymers were dissolved in a neutral solvent for both blocks (toluene) in order to obtain solutions of various concentrations (1 and 1.5 wt %). From these solutions, films were prepared by spin casting on ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) thin film substrates. Results indicate that PS-b-PFS exhibits chemical and morphological compatibility to the UNCD surface in terms of wetting and domain control. A systematic comparison of self-assembly of these polymers on silicon nitride substrates demonstrates that UNCD thin films would require pre-treatment to be considered as a substrate for BCP lithography.
Simulations of Charge Gain and Collection Efficiency from Diamond Amplifiers
Authors: Dimitrov Dimitre A. , Busby Richard , Cary John R. , Ben-Zvi Ilan , Smedley John , Chang Xiangyun , Rao Triveni , Keister Jeffrey W. , Muller Erik M. , Burrill Andrew 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA promising new concept of a diamond amplified photocathode for generation of high-current, high-brightness, and low thermal emittance electron beams was recently proposed and is currently under active development. To better understand the different effects involved, we have been developing models, within the VORPAL computational framework, to simulate secondary electron generation and charge transport in diamond. The implemented models include inelastic scattering of electrons and holes for generation of electron-hole pairs, elastic, phonon, and charge impurity scattering. We will discuss these models and present results from 3D VORPAL simulations on charge gain and collection efficiency as a function of primary electron energy and applied electric field. The implemented modeling capabilities already allow us to investigate specific effects and compare simulation results with experimental data.
Structural and electronic properties of strained graphene nanoribbons modified by molecules
Authors: Urakawa T. , Shintani K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe structural and electronic properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) modified by H, CO, and NH3 molecules at their edges under uniaxial strain is investigated by means of first principles calculations. It is found the bond length of the reconstructed edge of a H-terminated GNR modified by CO is larger than those of a bare GNR, a H-terminated GNR, and a H-terminated GNR modified by NH3. It is also found the band gaps of a H-terminated GNR and a H-terminated GNR modified by CO are twice the gap of a bare GNR, and the band gaps of a bare GNR and a H-terminated GNR increase with the increase of imposed strain.
Quantum Ring Infrared Photodetector Based On Droplet Epitaxy Technique
Authors: Shao Dali , Wu Jiang , Li Zhenghua , Manasreh Omar , Kunets Vasyl P , Wang Zhiming M , Salamo Gregory J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this work, we design and fabricate a GaAs quantum ring infrared photodetector. The lattice matched GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum rings are grown by using molecular beam epitaxy technique. The morphology of the quantum rings are characterized by an atomic force microscopy. Normal incident configured photodetectors are fabricated by standard photolithography. The photoresponse spectra are measured by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and exhibit two broad bands in visible-near-infrared and mid-infrared spectral range. Using quantum rings as absorption medium, we observed visible-near-infrared response at a temperature as high as 300 K while mid-infrared response up to 140 K.
Effective temperature inside living cells
Authors: Wilhelm Claire 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe combination of active and passive microrheology using magnetic probes engulfed inside living cells demonstrates the violation of the fluctuation dissipation theorem in cells. It is proposed to quantify the deviation from the in equilibrium situation with an effective temperature. Each magnetic probe then serves as a local thermometer within the cells. The response of pairs of magnetic beads of two diameters (1 and 2.8 μm) to an oscillating magnetic field is analyzed to measure the viscoelastic complex modulus in the beads environment (active measurement). The spontaneous motion of the beads is tracked to compute their mean square displacements (passive measurement). The effective temperature is derived using an extension of the fluctuation dissipation theorem.
Statistical Phonon Transport Model of Thermal Transport in Silicon
Authors: Brown Thomas W , Hensel Edward 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThermal transport in crystalline materials at various length scales can be modeled by the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE). A statistical phonon transport (SPT) model is presented that solves the BTE in a statistical framework that incorporates a unique state-based phonon transport methodology. Anisotropy of the first Brillouin zone (BZ) is captured by utilizing directionally-dependent dispersion curves obtained from lattice dynamics calculations. A rigorous implementation of phonon energy and pseudo-momentum conservation is implemented in the ballistic thermal transport regime for a homogeneous silicon nanowire with adiabatic specular boundary conditions.
Tackling Science Communication with REU Students: A Formative Evaluation of a Collaborative Approach
Authors: Alpert Carol Lynn , Levine Eliot , Barry Carol F. , Isaacs Jacqueline , Fiorentino Alex , Hollar Kathryn , Thate Karine 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper reports on a multi-faceted evaluation of science communication workshops conducted during the summer of 2009 with Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) students from the Center for High-rate Nanomanufacturing and the Harvard University School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, in a partnership between the Museum of Science, Boston Strategic Projects department and faculty from the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Centers headquartered at Harvard and at Northeastern Universities. The workshops were shown to (1) increase student interest in exploring and understanding the broader impacts of research, and (2) increase student knowledge, confidence and practice of communication skills for both professional and non-professional audiences.
Study on the Effects of Type I Collagen Combined with Noncollagenous Proteins on Hydroxyapatite Formation in vitro using SPM and GIXD
Authors: Ba Xiaolan , DiMasi Elaine , Rafailovich Miriam H 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe effects of the components of extracellular matrix on the bone formation and the kinetics of crystal growth of calcium phosphate have remained unknown. In this paper, we reported a method to investigate the role of Type I collagen and the interactions with other ECM proteins such as fibronectin and elastin during biomimic mineralization process in vitro. The early stage of mineralization was characterized by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and shear modulation force microscopy (SMFM). The late stage of mineralization was investigated by synchrotron grazing incident x-ray diffraction (GIXD). The results demonstrate the cooperative interaction between type I collagen and noncollagenous proteins such as fibronectin or elastin could be essential for the biomineralization.
Prevalence and Correlates of Mental Disorders in a School-Survey Sample
Authors: Faravelli Carlo , Lo Sauro Carolina , Castellini Giovanni , Ricca Valdo , Pallanti Stefano 
Published: March 2010

Background:
Most of the adult mental disorders have their origins early in life. As the epidemiology of childhood psychiatric disorder in Italy has not been extensively investigated, we have evaluated the prevalence of mental disorders and their association with socio-familiar variables in a representative sample of children aged 6 to 11.

Method:
The study was conducted on a school- sample of 1028 children, aged 6 to 11, attending 12 primary schools in Florence (Italy). The diagnoses were made according to DSM IV diagnostic criteria, integrated by the description of each symptom, using specially trained teachers as lay-interviewers. Odds ratios with 95% C.I. chi squares and a stepwise binary logistic analysis have been performed.

Results:
Nine hundred ninety nine children (506 males; 493 females) were studied. Of them, 10.5% received a psychiatric diagnosis, with a higher prevalence in males (66.7% vs.33.3, p<0.01). The most prevalent groups of mental disorders were the behavioural/impulse control (7.2%) and anxiety (6.4%) disorders. Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity Disorder was the most represented diagnosis (5.6% of the children). All the other mental disorders were relatively rare, with only separation anxiety and overanxious disorder exceeding 1% prevalence.
Male gender, organic disease, having mother divorced, not present or dead, attending school full-time, cohabitation in the family were associated with an increased risk for any childhood mental disorder.

Conclusions:
About one in ten children aged 6-11 suffers from a mental disorder. Male gender, loss of mother and lower socio-economic status are associated with mental disorders in children. Further long-term prospective studies are needed, in order to clarify the epidemiological and psychopathological relationships between childhood and adult mental disorders.
Dynamic Failure Properties of the Porcine Medial Collateral Ligament-Bone Complex for Predicting Injury in Automotive Collisions
Authors: Peck Louis , Billiar Kristen , Ray Malcolm 
Published: March 2010

The goal of this study was to model the dynamic failure properties of ligaments and their attachment sites to facilitate the development of more realistic dynamic finite element models of the human lower extremities for use in automotive collision simulations. Porcine medial collateral ligaments were chosen as a test model due to their similarities in size and geometry with human ligaments. Each porcine medial collateral ligament-bone complex (n = 12) was held in a custom test fixture placed in a drop tower to apply an axial impulsive impact load, applying strain rates ranging from 0.005 s-1 to 145 s-1. The data from the impact tests were analyzed using nonlinear regression to construct model equations for predicting the failure load of ligament-bone complexes subjected to specific strain rates as calculated from finite element knee, thigh, and hip impact simulations. The majority of the ligaments tested failed by tibial avulsion (75%) while the remaining ligaments failed via mid-substance tearing. The failure load ranged from 384 N to 1184 N and was found to increase with the applied strain rate and the product of ligament length and cross-sectional area. The findings of this study indicate the force required to rupture the porcine MCL increases with the applied bone-to-bone strain rate in the range expected from high speed frontal automotive collisions.
Structural Causes of Right Bundle Branch Block—Time for a Closer Look?
Authors: Ker James 
Published: March 2010

Right bundle branch block is an electrocardiographic phenomenon with specific criteria.
Currently, two specific forms of right bundle branch block are acknowledged, a proximal and a distal variant. A vast array of pathologies can cause proximal, distal or even combined forms of right bundle branch block.
In this study it is suggested that a third type of right bundle branch block exist: one caused by a subaortic muscular tendon in the left ventricle, leading to an increased velocity of conduction in the left ventricle, with a resultant “relative” right bundle branch block. It is concluded that it is necessary (and time) to take a closer look at endoventricular structures in the assessment of structural causes of right bundle branch block.
The Development and Implementation of an Outreach Program to Identify Acute and Recent HIV Infections in New York City
Authors: Silvera Richard , Stein Dylan , Hutt Richard , Hagerty Robert , Daskalakis Demetre , Valentine Fred , Marmor Michael 
Published: March 2010

Introduction: Since 2004, the authors have been operating First Call NYU, an outreach program to identify acute and recent HIV infections, also called primary HIV infections, among targeted at-risk communities in the New York City (NYC) metropolitan area.Materials and Methodology: First Call NYU employed mass media advertising campaigns, outreach to healthcare providers in NYC, and Internet-based efforts including search engine optimization (SEO) and Internet-based advertising to achieve these goals.Results: Between October 2004 and October 2008, 571 individuals were screened through this program, leading to 446 unique, in-person screening visits. 47 primary HIV infections, including 14 acute and 33 recent HIV infections, were identified.Discussion: Internet and traditional recruitment methods can be used to increase self-referrals for screening following possible exposure to HIV.Conclusion: Community education of at-risk groups, with the goal of increased self-diagnosis of possible acute HIV infection, may be a useful addition to traditional efforts to identify such individuals.
Feasibility of a Population Based Survey on HIV Prevalence in Barbados, and Population Preference for Sample Identification Method
Authors: Adams O. Peter , Carter Anne O. 
Published: March 2010

Objective:To predict response rate and validity of a population-based HIV prevalence survey in Barbados using oral fluid, and the method of sample identification preferred by participants.Methods:Persons age 18 to 35 randomly selected from the voters’ register to participate in a study of the prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhoea (STI) were invited to answer a questionnaire.Results:Of 496 persons selected for the STI study, 88 did not participate, and a further 10 did not answer the questionnaire, leaving 398 respondents. 329 persons or 66% (60% men, 73% women, p = 0.003) of the original 496 persons said that they would be willing to take part in an HIV survey using oral fluid.People indicating willingness to take part in an HIV survey did not differ significantly from non-respondents and those indicating unwillingness to participate by a number of demographic and STI risk factors including age, education level, partnership status, number of partners, condom use, drug use, and STI infection status.For persons willing to participate in a HIV survey, confidential linked sample identification was acceptable to 99.0% (95% CI ± 1.0), and unlinked identification to 1.6% (95% CI ± 1.3).Conclusion:The HIV prevalence estimated by a linked survey would have a reasonable response rate and be valid, as likelihood of participation is not related to infection risk.
Influence of Remineralizing Gels on Bleached Enamel Microhardness In Different Time Intervals
Authors: Borges A. B. , Yui K. C. K. , D'Avila T. C. , Takahashi C. L. , Torres C. R. G. , Borges A. L. S. 
Published: March 2010

Clinical Relevance
Dentists should be aware of the reduction in enamel microhardness after bleaching procedures. The use of remineralizing gels after bleaching treatment can significantly enhance bleached enamel microhardness.
Durability of Surface Treatments and Intermediate Agents Used for Repair of a Polished Composite
Authors: Costa T. R. F. , Ferreira S. Q. , Klein-Júnior C. A. , Loguercio A. D. , Reis A. 
Published: March 2010

Clinical Relevance
In order to reach high composite repair strength, it is advisable to sandblast the polished composite surface with aluminum oxide. A hydrophobic intermediate agent should then be applied in order to prolong durability of the composite repair.
Comparison of Acceptance, Preference, and Efficacy Between Jet Injection INJEX and Local Infiltration Anesthesia in 6 to 11 Year Old Dental Patients
Authors: Arapostathis Konstantinos Nikolaos , Dabarakis Nikolaos Nestoras , Coolidge Trilby , Tsirlis Anastasios , Kotsanos Nikolaos 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Needleless devices have been developed to provide anesthesia without injections. Little controlled research has examined the acceptability of needleless devices in pediatric patients. The aims of the study were to compare children’s acceptance and preference for one type of needleless jet injection with classical local infiltration as well as to evaluate the efficacy of the needleless anesthesia. Eighty-seven nonfearful children with no previous experience of dental anesthesia were studied using a split-mouth design. The first dental procedure was performed with the classical infiltration anesthesia. The same amount of anesthetic was administered using the INJEX needleless device in a second session 1 week later, during which a second dental procedure was performed. Patients rated their acceptance and preference for the 2 methods, and the dentist recorded data about the need for additional anesthesia. More negative experiences were reported for the INJEX method. Most (73.6%) of the children preferred the traditional method. Among the 87 treatment procedures attempted following the use of INJEX, 80.5% required additional anesthesia, compared with 2.3% of those attempted following traditional infiltration. Traditional infiltration was more effective, acceptable, and preferred, compared with the needleless INJEX.
Document Management and Exchange System – Supporting Education Process
Authors: Egredzija Emil , Kovacic Bozidar 
Published: March 2010

Development and implementation of new technologies are very important in education. One of the most challenging tasks in the education process is to build efficient and cost-friendly system for content management and exchange. The system has to be reliable, easy manageable and open. Centralized storage, secured access, and ubiquitous client technologies have emerged as best-practice solutions in engineering that kind of services. Users can easily publish or exchange documents and not need to worry about their distribution, storage or technical skills required for efficient document management. The system that will be presented is built on open source technologies and is deployable on all today's popular web software platforms. The web server, the programming language and operating system that are used to build and deploy such a system are all non-proprietary and completely open because our mission was to build system that can be easily extended and not limited by its corporate license. The system uses security mechanisms such as user group access policy, operating system level security (file system) and secured data storage in database.
Because of the growing need for document management in education process we believe that this project will find its place in practice.
Functional Analysis of Lyn Kinase A and B Isoforms Reveals Redundant and Distinct Roles in FcεRI-Dependent Mast Cell Activation
Authors: Alvarez-Errico Damiana , Yamashita Yumi , Suzuki Ryo , Odom Sandra , Furumoto Yasuko , Yamashita Toshiyuki , Rivera Juan 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Engagement of FcεRI causes its phosphorylation by Lyn kinase. Two alternatively spliced variants, Lyn A and B, are expressed in mast cells, and both isoforms interact with FcεRI. Unlike Lyn A, Lyn B lacks a 21-aa region in the N-terminal unique domain. In this study, we investigated the role of Lyn A and B isoforms in mast cell signaling and responses. Lyn B was found to be a poor inducer of mast cell degranulation and was less potent in both inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate production and calcium responses. Expression of Lyn B alone showed reduced phosphorylation of both phospholipase Cγ-1 and -2 and decreased interaction of phospholipase Cγ-1 with the phosphorylated linker for activation of T cells. Lyn B also showed increased binding of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, which included the negative regulatory lipid phosphatase SHIP-1. In contrast, both Lyn A and B caused similar total cellular tyrosine phosphorylation and FcεRI phosphorylation and neither Lyn A nor Lyn B alone could completely restore mast cell degranulation or dampen the excessive cytokine production seen in the absence of Lyn. However, expression of both isoforms showed complementation and normalized responses. These findings demonstrate that Lyn B differs from Lyn A in its association with SHIP-1 and in the regulation of calcium responses. However, complementation of both isoforms is required in mast cell activation.