bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gait changes in patients with knee osteoarthritis are replicated by experimental knee pain
Authors: Henriksen Marius , Graven‐Nielsen Thomas , Aaboe Jens , Andriacchi Thomas P. , Bliddal Henning 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveMedial knee osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by pain and associated with abnormal knee moments during walking. The relationship between knee OA pain and gait changes remains to be clarified, and a better understanding of this link could advance the treatment and prevention of disease progression. This study investigated changes in knee moments during walking following experimental knee pain in healthy volunteers, and whether these changes replicated the joint moments observed in medial knee OA patients.MethodsIn a crossover study, 34 healthy subjects were tested on 3 different days; gait analyses were conducted before, during, and after pain induced by hypertonic saline injections (0.75 ml) into the infrapatellar fat pad. Isotonic saline and sham injections were used as control conditions. Peak moments in frontal and sagittal planes were analyzed. The results were compared with data from 161 medial knee OA patients. The patients were divided into less severe OA and severe OA categories, which was based on radiographic disease severity of the medial compartment.ResultsExperimental knee pain led to reduced peak moments in the frontal and sagittal planes in the healthy subjects, which were similar to the patterns observed in less severe OA patients while walking at the same speed.ConclusionIn healthy subjects, pain was associated with reductions in knee joint moments during walking in a manner similar to less severe knee OA patients. The experimental model may be used to study mechanically‐driven knee OA progression and preventive measures against abnormal joint loading in knee OA.
Patient‐reported outcomes one year after primary hip replacement in a European Collaborative Cohort
Authors: Judge Andy , Cooper Cyrus , Williams Sue , Dreinhoefer Karsten , Dieppe Paul 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo identify whether patients have symptomatic improvement 12 months following total hip replacement (THR) surgery.MethodsThe European Collaborative Database of Cost and Practice Patterns of Total Hip Replacement study consists of 1,327 patients receiving primary THR for osteoarthritis (OA) across 20 European orthopedic centers. The primary outcome was the difference in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC) score between preoperative and 12‐month postoperative measurements. To classify whether patients responded to THR at 12 months, we used return to normal, Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT)–OA Research Society International (OARSI) criteria, minimum important difference (MID), and minimum clinically important difference. Exposures were age, sex, obesity, employment, educational attainment, American Society of Anesthesiologists status, and radiographs.ResultsOn average, there was a large improvement in WOMAC scores 12 months after surgery, but whereas some patients improved, others got worse. The OMERACT‐OARSI method classified 85.7% of patients as responders, MID 70.1%, and return to normal 64.1%. In general, each approach classified the same groups of patients as responding to THR. Based on total WOMAC score, patients who were younger, morbidly obese, employed, and better educated were more likely to respond to THR, but the effects were attenuated after adjustment for confounding, with only the effect of education remaining important.ConclusionThe overall average response to THR was good, but ∼14–36% of patients did not improve, or were worse, 12 months postsurgery. Although the OMERACT‐OARSI criteria were originally designed for use in clinical drug trials, they performed well in classifying patient response 12 months post‐THR. Further research is required to understand the determinants of patient outcomes following THR.
Low‐dose aspirin in the primary prevention of rheumatoid arthritis: The women's health study
Authors: Shadick Nancy A. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Cook Nancy R. , Maher Nancy E. , Buring Julie E. , Lee I‐Min 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveLow‐dose aspirin may reduce the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through its effect on cyclooxygenase activity and its antioxidant pathways. Previous randomized trial data have demonstrated a beneficial effect of low‐dose aspirin in reducing other inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and colorectal adenomas, but no trial has evaluated the role of aspirin in RA prevention.MethodsThe Women's Health Study is a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial conducted between 1992 and 2004 designed to evaluate the risks and benefits of low‐dose aspirin (100 mg every other day) and vitamin E in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer among 39,876 female health care professionals age ≥45 years throughout the US. After excluding women with RA at baseline, 39,144 women were evaluated for the present study. A definite diagnosis of RA was assessed during followup by self‐report and confirmed using a connective tissue disease screening questionnaire, followed by a medical record review by a rheumatologist for American College of Rheumatology criteria.ResultsDuring an average followup of 10 years, 106 women developed definite RA (48 women in the aspirin group and 58 in the placebo group). There was a nonsignificant risk for RA (relative risk [RR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.56–1.21; P = 0.33) associated with aspirin. There were 64 seropositive RA cases (60%) and 42 seronegative RA cases (40%). Aspirin also had no significant effect on either seropositive RA (RR 1.0, 95% CI 0.61–1.63) or seronegative RA (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.33–1.15).ConclusionOne hundred milligrams of aspirin taken every other day was not associated with a significant reduction in the risk of developing RA among women in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.
Early outcomes and improvement of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis enrolled in a Canadian multicenter inception cohort
Authors: Oen Kiem , Duffy Ciarán M. , Tse Shirley M. L. , Ramsey Suzanne , Ellsworth Janet , Chédeville Gaëlle , Chetaille Anne‐Laure , Saint‐Cyr Claire , Cabral David A. , Spiegel Lynn R. , Schneider Rayfel , Lang Bianca , Huber Adam M. , Dancey Paul , Silverman Earl , Rosenberg Alan M. , Cameron Bonnie , Johnson Nicole , Dorval Jean , Scuccimarri Rosie , Campillo Sarah , Petty Ross E. , Duffy Karen N. Watanabe , Boire Gilles , Haddad Elie , Houghton Kristin , Laxer Ronald , Turvey Stuart E. , Miettunen Paivi , Gross Katherine , Guzman Jaime , Benseler Susanne , Feldman Brian M. , Espinosa Victor , Yeung Rae S. M. , Tucker Lori 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine early outcomes and early improvements in a prospective inception cohort of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treated with current standard therapies.MethodsPatients selected were enrolled in an inception cohort of JIA, the Research in Arthritis in Canadian Children Emphasizing Outcomes Study. The juvenile rheumatoid arthritis core criteria set measures were completed at enrollment and 6 months later. Frequencies of normal values for each of the core set measures and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Pediatric 30, 50, and 70 (Pedi 70) criteria response rates achieved at 6 months after enrollment were calculated for each JIA‐onset subtype group.ResultsAmong 354 patients in the study, the median interval between diagnosis and enrollment was 0.7 months. At 6 months after enrollment, median values of active joint counts were highest in patients with rheumatoid factor (RF)–positive polyarthritis (4) and RF‐negative polyarthritis (2), but were 0 or 1 for other subtypes. Fifty percent or more of patients with oligoarthritis, systemic arthritis, enthesitis‐related arthritis, and undifferentiated arthritis had no active joints, and the ACR Pedi 70 criteria response rate was 48% or more in those with oligoarthritis, RF‐negative polyarthritis, and systemic arthritis.ConclusionWith current management strategies in clinical practice, improvement in disease activity was noted in considerable proportions of patients in all of the JIA subtype groups, but low levels of disease activity persisted in many. We expect that these early outcomes will prove to be significant predictors of long‐term outcomes.
Prevalent vertebral fractures among children initiating glucocorticoid therapy for the treatment of rheumatic disorders
Authors: Huber A. M. , Gaboury I. , Cabral D. A. , Lang B. , Ni A. , Stephure D. , Taback S. , Dent P. , Ellsworth J. , LeBlanc C. , Saint‐Cyr C. , Scuccimarri R. , Hay J. , Lentle B. , Matzinger M. , Shenouda N. , Moher D. , Rauch F. , Siminoski K. , Ward L. M. ,   Canadian Steroid‐Associated Osteoporosis in the Pediatric Population (Stopp) Consortium
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveVertebral fractures are an under‐recognized problem in children with inflammatory disorders. We studied spine health among 134 children (87 girls) with rheumatic conditions (median age 10 years) within 30 days of initiating glucocorticoid therapy.MethodsChildren were categorized as follows: juvenile dermatomyositis (n = 30), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n = 28), systemic lupus erythematosus and related conditions (n = 26), systemic arthritis (n = 22), systemic vasculitis (n = 16), and other conditions (n = 12). Thoracolumbar spine radiograph and dual x‐ray absorptiometry for lumbar spine (L‐spine) areal bone mineral density (BMD) were performed within 30 days of glucocorticoid initiation. Genant semiquantitative grading was used for vertebral morphometry. Second metacarpal morphometry was carried out on a hand radiograph. Clinical factors including disease and physical activity, calcium and vitamin D intake, cumulative glucocorticoid dose, underlying diagnosis, L‐spine BMD Z score, and back pain were analyzed for association with vertebral fracture.ResultsThirteen vertebral fractures were noted in 9 children (7%). Of these, 6 patients had a single vertebral fracture and 3 had 2–3 fractures. Fractures were clustered in the mid‐thoracic region (69%). Three vertebral fractures (23%) were moderate (grade 2); the others were mild (grade 1). For the entire cohort, mean ± SD L‐spine BMD Z score was significantly different from zero (−0.55 ± 1.2, P < 0.001) despite a mean height Z score that was similar to the healthy average (0.02 ± 1.0, P = 0.825). Back pain was highly associated with increased odds for fracture (odds ratio 10.6 [95% confidence interval 2.1–53.8], P = 0.004).ConclusionIn pediatric rheumatic conditions, vertebral fractures can be present prior to prolonged glucocorticoid exposure.
Serum uric acid and risk of occupational disability: Findings from a cohort study of male construction workers in Germany
Authors: Claessen Heiner , Brenner Hermann , Drath Christoph , Arndt Volker 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe role of serum uric acid (UA) as an independent risk factor for several health outcomes remains controversial. However, given the accumulating evidence that UA is related to predictors of occupational disability such as obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, UA may represent a relevant risk indicator for occupational disability, which has emerged as an important public health problem.MethodsThe association between UA and occupational disability was examined in a cohort of 16,532 male construction workers in Germany who underwent occupational health examinations from 1986 to 1992 and were followed until 2005. Cox regression analysis was employed with adjustment for established risk factors.ResultsA total of 3,002 cases of disability pension occurred during the followup. Risk of all‐cause occupational disability was significantly increased for UA concentration in the top quartile (hazard ratio [HR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.12–1.40) after adjustment for potential confounders when compared with UA levels in the lowest quartile (≤5.23 mg/dl). Cause‐specific analysis revealed a significant association between increased UA and occupational disability due to cardiovascular diseases (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.20–2.17). In addition, positive but statistically nonsignificant associations were observed for occupational disabilities due to respiratory diseases (HR 1.78, 95% CI 0.99–3.23), musculoskeletal disorders (HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.98–1.37), diseases of the digestive system (HR 1.59, 95% CI 0.69–3.67), and mental disorders (HR 1.40, 95% CI 0.95–2.06).ConclusionOur study is the first to our knowledge to indicate that increased UA might also serve as a potential independent risk indicator for occupational disability, in particular due to cardiovascular diseases.
Analysis of linear and adaptive feedback synchronization in a new unified chaotic system
Authors: Pan Lin , Zhou Wuneng , Fang Jian'an , Li Dequan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the linear feedback synchronization and adaptive feedback synchronization with only one controller are applied to a new unified chaotic system, which is consisted of three subsystems, and is constructed according to Vaněček and Čelikovský criterion, but it is different from any existing chaotic systems. Moreover, numerical simulations will be given to show the effectiveness of these methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State smoothing in Markov jump systems with lagged mode observation
Authors: Liang Yan , Zhang Lei , Pan Quan , Chen Tongwen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEstimation involving Markov jump systems (MJSs) is widely used in target tracking, speech recognition and communication. It is assumed in MJSs that state measurement and mode observation are synchronous. In applications such as image‐based target tracking, the target orientation, as one of the mode observations, needs additional computation time for pattern recognition and thus can be delayed. This motivates us to explore the smoothing problem of MJSs with mode observation lagged to state measurement. This brief paper presents a recursive estimator by deriving the conditional state mean and the conditional model probability from both delayed mode observation and state measurement. Simulations on maneuvering target tracking are carried out to validate the performance of the proposed smoother in comparison with existing methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Have we neglected the societal importance of sand dunes? An ecosystem services perspective
Authors: Everard Mark , Jones Laurence , Watts Bill 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Coastal sand dunes are widespread worldwide, including around the coasts of the British Isles and Europe, providing a wide range of functions some of which are recognized for their socio‐economic benefits.
In some localities, their contribution to coastal defence and to tourism and regional character have been acknowledged in local plans, but this is far from ubiquitous.
A rapid assessment was undertaken of the range of ecosystem services provided by coastal sand dune systems, using the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment ecosystem services classification augmented with habitat‐ and locally‐appropriate additions.
Sand dunes were shown to provide a wide range of provisioning, regulatory, cultural and supporting services, many of which remain substantially overlooked.
Although the importance of coastal sand dune for a diversity of characteristic and often rare organisms from a variety of taxa has been addressed, many of the broader ecosystem services that these habitats provide to society have been overlooked. This suggests that coastal sand dune systems are neglected ecosystems of significant and often under‐appreciated societal value. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chondrocyte innate immune myeloid differentiation factor 88–dependent signaling drives procatabolic effects of the endogenous toll‐like receptor 2/toll‐like receptor 4 ligands low molecular weight hyaluronan and high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 in mice
Authors: Liu‐Bryan Ru , Terkeltaub Robert 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveToll‐like receptor 2 (TLR‐2)/TLR‐4–mediated innate immunity serves as a frontline antimicrobial host defense, but also modulates tissue remodeling and repair responses to endogenous ligands released during low‐grade inflammation. We undertook the present study to assess whether the endogenous TLR‐2/TLR‐4 ligands low molecular weight hyaluronan (LMW‐HA) and high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB‐1), which are increased in osteoarthritic (OA) joints, drive procatabolic chondrocyte responses dependent on TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 signaling through the cytosolic adaptor myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88).MethodsWe studied mature femoral head cap cartilage explants and immature primary knee articular chondrocytes from TLR‐2/TLR‐4–double‐knockout, MyD88‐knockout, and congenic wild‐type mice. Generation of nitric oxide (NO), degradation of hyaluronan, release of HMGB‐1, matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP‐3), and MMP‐13, and protein expression of type X collagen were assessed by Griess reaction and Western blotting analyses. Expression of messenger RNA for type II and type X collagen, MMP‐13, and RUNX‐2 was examined by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.ResultsInterleukin‐1β and TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 ligands induced both HMGB‐1 release from chondrocytes and extracellular LMW‐HA generation in normal chondrocytes. TLR‐2/TLR‐4−/− and MyD88−/− mouse cartilage explants and chondrocytes lost the capacity to mount procatabolic responses to both LMW‐HA and HMGB‐1, demonstrated by >95% suppression of NO production (P < 0.01), and attenuated induction of MMP‐3 and MMP‐13. Combined deficiency of TLR‐2/TLR‐4, or of MyD88 alone, also attenuated release of NO and blunted induction of MMP‐3 and MMP‐13 release. MyD88 was necessary for HMGB‐1 and hyaluronidase 2 (which generates LMW‐HA) to induce chondrocyte hypertrophy, which is implicated in OA progression.ConclusionMyD88‐dependent TLR‐2/TLR‐4 signaling is essential for procatabolic responses to LMW‐HA and HMGB‐1, and MyD88 drives chondrocyte hypertrophy. Therefore, LMW‐HA and HMGB‐1 act as innate immune cytokine‐like signals with the potential to modulate chondrocyte differentiation and function in OA progression.
Two adult siblings with atypical cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndrome due to a novel M299V mutation in NLRP3
Authors: Verma Deepti , Eriksson Per , Sahdo Berolla , Persson Alexander , Ejdebäck Mikael , Särndahl Eva , Söderkvist Peter 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe NALP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that triggers caspase 1–mediated interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) release. Mutations in the gene encoding NALP3 (NLRP3) underlie the cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). The aim of this study was to report a novel NLRP3 mutation in 2 siblings of Swedish descent in whom symptoms first presented in adulthood.MethodsMutation analysis of NLRP3 was performed on DNA from patients with CAPS and 100 control subjects. For assessment of caspase 1 and IL‐1β, blood was collected from patients and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control subjects. Genetic constructs containing mutant or wild‐type NLRP3 were transduced into THP‐1 cells, followed by assessment of IL‐1β levels in cell supernatant.ResultsBoth siblings carried a novel M299V mutation in NLRP3, which was not present in the control population. The samples obtained from the patients displayed increased caspase 1 activity and elevated IL‐1β levels at basal conditions as compared with healthy control subjects. THP‐1 cells expressing mutated M299V revealed almost 10‐fold higher IL‐1β production compared with the wild‐type construct.ConclusionM299V is an activating mutation in NLRP3 resulting in elevated spontaneous caspase 1 activity and IL‐1β levels. The classic CAPS phenotype was lacking in these adult siblings. Whereas one sibling displayed a milder phenotype that has so far responded satisfactorily to oral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in combination with low‐dose corticosteroids, the inflammatory symptoms in the sibling with the more severe case responded well to IL‐1β blockade. Understanding the pathogenic mechanism underlying such disorders can be helpful for the physician. Our study reinforces the importance of genetic testing and laboratory investigations in combination with careful phenotypic evaluation for the diagnosis of such patients.
An education that pierces what the knife cannot: A student perspective
Authors: Hammer Rachel R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIf personalized medicine is the way of the future, and the physician's approach to each patient becomes more individualized and team‐based, so must the professors' approach to the medical student experience. Mayo Medical School has an innovative curriculum designed to respect and enhance the individual interests of its students. A former educator herself, and now a medical student, the author advocates for further creative curriculum design to enhance healthy student attitude learning in medical school. In her personal testimony to the healing power of art and story, she cautions institutions that ignore integrating humanities into their curriculum that their student physicians will build self‐protective barriers without self‐reflection. She argues students must have more avenues to express their emotions during difficult transitions and ethical dilemmas. This commentary describes extracurricular student projects during anatomy, and includes an example of student reflective writing in anatomy. The author suggests that narrative medicine as an emerging discipline would be an effective educational strategy when applied to any aspect of the medical curriculum, and should be considered by more medical schools for further progress in medical education. Anat Sci Educ, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Motor‐linked implicit learning in persons with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Travers Brittany G. , Klinger Mark R. , Mussey Joanna L. , Klinger Laura G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFifteen adolescents and young adults with high‐functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and 18 age‐ and IQ‐matched adults with typical development (TD) completed a serial reaction time task (SRT) to examine possible motor‐linked implicit learning impairments in persons with ASD. Measures were taken to decrease the role of explicit learning in the SRT. Results showed that participants with ASD demonstrated intact motor‐linked implicit learning. Furthermore, the motor‐linked implicit learning appeared to take place at a similar rate across trials in the group with ASD compared to the group with TD. These results suggest that persons with ASD are successful in implicit learning of motor‐linked behavior. The results of this study, coupled with past findings, suggest that people with ASD may be able to learn motor movements without conscious awareness, especially if the individual is older and is learning fine motor sequences.