bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of mequindox in liver microsomes of rats, chicken and pigs
Authors: Liu Zhao‐Ying , Huang Ling‐Li , Chen Dong‐Mei , Yuan Zong‐Hui 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMequindox, 3‐methyl‐2‐quinoxalinacetyl‐1,4‐dioxide, is a quinoxaline‐N,N‐dioxide used in veterinary medicine as a antibacterial in China. To gain an understanding of the interspecies differences in the metabolism of mequindox, comparative metabolite profiles were qualitatively and quantitatively carried out for the first time in rat, chicken and pig liver microsomes by high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with hybrid ion trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. A total of 14 metabolites were characterized based on their accurate MS2spectra and known structure of mequindox. Thein vitrometabolic pathways of mequindox in three species were proposed as N→O group reduction, carbonyl reduction, N→O group reduction followed by carbonyl reduction or methyl mono‐hydroxylation. A metabolic pathway involving N→O group reduction followed by acetyl group mono‐hydroxylation in only chicken was also proposed. There was also quantitative species difference for mequindox metabolism in three species. 1‐Desoxymequindox was the main metabolite in all species, but otherwise there were some qualitative interspecies differences in mequindox major metabolites. This work has revealed biotransformation characteristics of mequindox among different species, and moreover will further facilitate the explanations of the biological activities of mequindox in animals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Black and white – does melanin change the bulk carbon and nitrogen isotope values of feathers?
Authors: Michalik Andreas , McGill Rona A. R. , Furness Robert W. , Eggers Till , van Noordwijk Hendrika J. , Quillfeldt Petra 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBird feathers are employed in a wide range of carbon and nitrogen isotope studies relating to diet and migration. Feathers are chemically inert with respect to carbon and nitrogen, after synthesis. It has always been assumed that feathers show isotope values characteristic of keratin, a fibrous structural protein from which they are formed. Little attention has been paid to other components of feathers such as melanin or carotenoids. Melanin is synthesized from tyrosine, which is depleted in both 13C and 15N. We compared isotope values of coeval black and white feathers in four different species. Black feather parts were in all cases significantly depleted in 13C relative to white feather parts but in most species no clear trend was discernable for 15N. We suggest that additional evaluation may be required to characterize the carbon and nitrogen isotope contribution of feather pigments like carotenoids. Care should be taken in future stable isotope studies when comparing differently coloured feathers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pressure‐assisted tryptic digestion using a syringe
Authors: Yang Hyo‐Jik , Hong Jangmi , Lee Sunyoung , Shin Seongjae , Kim Jinhee , Kim Jeongkwon 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA simple and effective digestion method was developed using a syringe. A 3 mL syringe was used to apply a pressure of 6 atm to expedite tryptic digestion. Application of a pressure of 6 atm during digestion resulted in better digestion efficiency than digestion under atmospheric pressure. The protein peaks in the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectra of three model proteins (cytochrome c, horse heart myoglobin, and bovine serum albumin (BSA)) completely disappeared within 30 min at 37°C under a pressure of 6 atm, with greater numbers of peptides observed in 30 min pressure‐assisted digestion than in overnight atmospheric pressure digestion. This is mostly due to the miscleaved peptides. Similar sequence coverages were obtained for 30 min pressure‐assisted digestion and overnight atmospheric pressure digestion of the three model proteins (92% vs. 88% for cytochrome c, 100% vs. 97% for horse heart myoglobin, and 53% vs. 53% for BSA). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Actuator/sensor modeling for vibration of FGM solid circular plate using Reissner‐Mindlin plate theory
Authors: Jafari Mehrabadi S. , Kargarnovin M.H. , Najafizadeh M.M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the vibration of a constant thickness circular plate made of functionally graded material (FGM) is controlled by implementing two piezoelectric layers as a sensor and an actuator. Assuming that the material properties of FGM plate vary only in the thickness direction according to the power law manner, the governing differential equations are derived based on the Reissner‐Mindlin plate theory (RMPT). Moreover, in a parallel work another set of differential equations are also derived using classical plate theory (CPT). Then for two different kinds of plate boundary conditions these coupled differential equations are solved using separation of variable technique and obtained results out of two different theories are compared. Moreover, the effect of exact position of neutral plane, the effects of the power index, feedback gain, aspect ratio of radius‐to‐thickness, thickness of the sensor and actuator layers on the principle natural frequency of the compound plate are studied. Finally, the effects of power index and feedback gain on the higher vibrational modes of the system are investigated.
Strain induced transient effects of filler reinforced elastomers with respect to the Payne‐Effect: experiments and constitutive modelling
Authors: Rendek M. , Lion A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFiller‐reinforced rubber shows many interesting nonlinear effects under cyclic deformations. As a result of the dynamic loading, a change in the materials' microstructure and hence in the dynamic behaviour of the elastomer is observed. In this context, the frequency‐, amplitude‐, temperature‐, and the preload‐dependence are well‐known effects. Additionally, pronounced thermomechanical couplings are observed, e.g., heat build‐up phenomena. Mechanical coupling effects can be demonstrated by studying the transient dynamic behaviour of the Payne‐effect (amplitude dependence). Using the technique of dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) the mentioned effects can be investigated in a very comfortable way. To study the process dependence of the dynamic modulus, bimodal DMA tests and transient multistep tests have been carried out. The non‐trivial postprocessing of the bimodal measurements is shortly explained in the paper. The approach of finite nonlinear viscoelasticity with additional internal variables provides an excellent basis for constitutive material modelling. The thermodynamical consistency of the developed constitutive model is demonstrated. This offers the possibility to represent thermomechanical coupling effects like the dissipative heat build‐up. A series of numerical results of FEM simulations under more complicated transient loading histories, computed with the developed and implemented material model, are presented.
Weight function for an edge crack in an infinite orthotropic strip under normal point loading
Authors: Das S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of an edge crack of finite length, situated in an orthotropic infinite strip of finite thickness h, under normal point loading has been considered. The displacements and stresses for orthotropic elasticity in plane strain condition are expressed in terms of two harmonic functions. The problem is resolved in a simplistic manner by seeking the solution of a pair of simultaneous integral equations with Cauchy type singularities which have finally been solved through finite Hilbert Transform technique. For large h, the analytical expression of the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip is obtained, which corresponds to the weight function of a crack under normal point loading. The numerical results of the normalized stress intensity factor at different arbitrary locations of the crack surface and various values of crack length have been computed for a particular orthotropic material (Steel‐Mylar composite) and the results are depicted graphically.
Massive rotator cuff tears: functional outcome after debridement or arthroscopic partial repair
Authors: Berth Alexander , Neumann Wolfram , Awiszus Friedemann , Pap Géza 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
The surgical treatment of massive rotator cuff tears (RCT) is still controversial and can be based on a variety of different surgical repair methods. This study investigated the effectiveness of arthroscopic debridement or arthroscopic partial repair in patients with massive RCT.

Materials and methods
This prospective, randomized study involved forty-two patients with massive RCT (fatty infiltration stage 3 or 4) treated with either arthroscopic partial repair or arthroscopic debridement were selected to detect possible differences in functional outcome. Both groups were matched according to age and gender. Patients were examined before, and 16 ± 3 and 24 ± 2 months after surgery. The status of the rotator cuff repair was determined using ultrasonographic evaluation.

Results
Regardless of the treatment group, postoperative results demonstrated highly significant improvements compared with preoperative values in most parameters. The overall Constant score in the partial repair group was superior to the outcome in the debridement group (P < 0.01, F = 8.561), according to better results in abduction (P < 0.01, F = 13.249), activity (P < 0.01, F = 21.391) and motion (P < 0.01, F = 4.967). All treatment groups had similar pain relief (P = 0.172, F = 1.802) and satisfaction, reflected in equal values of disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score (P = 0.948, F = 0.004). Ultrasonography revealed structural failure of the partial rotator cuff repair in 52% at final follow-up.

Conclusions
During the follow-up period all patients in our series had good or satisfactory outcome after rotator cuff surgery. Regardless of high rates of structural failure of the partial rotator cuff repair, the results of arthroscopic partial rotator cuff repair demonstrated slightly better functional outcome than debridement.
A prospective randomised radiostereometric analysis trial of SmartSet HV and Palacos R bone cements in primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Husby Otto S. , Haugan Kristin , Benum Pål , Foss Olav A. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
Introduction of new bone cements into clinical practice should include radiostereometric studies.

Materials and methods
A prospective randomised radiostereometric study was performed, comparing SmartSet HV and Palacos R acrylic bone cements (without antibiotics) using third-generation cementing techniques in primary total hip arthroplasty. Thirty-five patients (36 hips) undergoing Charnley total hip arthroplasty were randomised to receive either of the two cements and were followed with repeated clinical, radiographic and radiostereometric examinations over 24 months. Twenty-seven patients (28 hips) attended 2 years postoperatively.

Results
The mean distal translation observed was −0.15 mm for SmartSet HV and −0.16 mm for Palacos R. The mean rotation around the longitudinal axis was 0.9° for SmartSet HV and 1.2° for Palacos R. The Merle d’Aubigne Postel score was the maximum of 18 points for all patients in both groups.

Conclusions
No statistically significant difference in stem fixation with use of SmartSet HV and Palacos R was found at 2-year follow-up.
Parallel assessment of prolonged neonatal distress by empathy‐based and item‐based scales
Authors: Garten Lars , Deindl Philipp , Schmalisch Gerd , Metze Boris , Bührer Christoph 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the association between the empathy‐based Faces Pain Scale‐Revised (FPS‐R) and the item‐based Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale (N‐PASS) when used to assess prolonged distress in term and preterm infants.Method: Sequential prospective psychometric evaluations of distress, at 4‐h intervals during a 48‐h time period. FPS‐R and N‐PASS were employed in parallel by the nurses in charge in 44 term and preterm newborn infants.Results: During the overall 48‐h observation period, median FPS‐R declined from 6/10 to 2/10 (p < 0.001) while N‐PASS did not change significantly. FPS‐R and N‐PASS showed strong correlation during the first 12 h of observation (Rs = 0.786, p < 0.001). During each of the following 12‐h observation periods, the strength of this association decreased (12–24 h: Rs = 0.781; 24–36 h: Rs = 0.675; 36–48 h: Rs = 0.658) while remaining significant (p < 0.001). However, when used to categorize infants as being in distress or not, the rate of agreement between FPS‐R and N‐PASS showed little variation (0–12 h: 79.6%, 12–24 h: 88.6%; 24–36 h: 89.4%, 36–48 h: 84.9%).Conclusions: In newborn infants serially assessed over 48 h, there is a progressive divergence between FPS‐R and N‐PASS. There is, however, reason to extend the use of the FPS‐R also to the neonatal arena, as the rate of agreement between N‐PASS and FPS‐R to categorize an infant as being in distress or not remains stable. Preference of item‐ or empathy‐based assessment may be a question of personal philosophy rather than medical science.
Reliability of Gait Performance Tests in Individuals With Late Effects of Polio
Authors: Flansbjer Ulla‐Britt , Lexell Jan 
Published: March 2010

ObjectiveTo assess the reliability of 4 gait performance tests in individuals with late effects of polio.DesignAn intrarater (between occasions) test‐retest reliability study.SettingsUniversity hospital.ParticipantsThirty men and women (mean age 63 ± 6.4 years) with clinically and electrophysiologically verified late effects of polio.InterventionNot applicable.Main outcome measuresThe Timed “Up & Go” test, the Comfortable and the Fast Gait Speed tests, and the 6‐Minute Walk test were assessed 7 days apart. Reliability was evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1), the mean difference between the test sessions (d̄), and the 95% confidence intervals for d̄, the standard error of measurement (SEM and SEM%), the smallest real difference (SRD and SRD%) and the Bland & Altman graphs.ResultsTest‐retest agreements were high (ICC2,1 0.82−0.97) and measurement errors generally small. The standard error of measurement (SEM%), representing the smallest change that indicates a real (clinical) improvement for a group of individuals, was small (4%−7%). The smallest real difference (SRD%), representing the smallest change that indicates a real (clinical) improvement for a single individual also was small (12%−21%).ConclusionThese commonly used gait performance tests are highly reliable and can be recommended to evaluate improvements in various aspects of gait performance in groups of individuals as well as single individuals with late effects of polio.
Electromyographical Assessment of Passive, Active Assistive, and Active Shoulder Rehabilitation Exercises
Authors: Uhl Timothy L. , Muir Tiffany A. , Lawson Laura 
Published: March 2010

ObjectiveTo determine the electromyographical (EMG) activation levels of shoulder musculature during early rehabilitation exercises to regain active range of motion.DesignDescriptive.SettingUniversity clinical research laboratory.ParticipantsTen asymptomatic volunteers (age, 25 ± 5 years; height, 171 ± 7 cm; weight, 78 ± 15 kg).InterventionFine‐wire (supraspinatus and infraspinatus) and surface (anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior) electrodes recorded EMG activity from each muscle during 12 therapeutic exercises completed during a single testing session in random order.Main Outcome MeasureEMG root mean squared amplitude normalized to a percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (% MVC).ResultsPassive exercises generated the lowest mean EMG activity (<10%) for all muscles studied. The standing active shoulder elevation exercises generated the greatest mean EMG activity with an upper boundary of 95% CI (40% MVC). Overall the active‐assistive exercises generated a small (<10%) increase in muscle activity compared with the passive exercises for the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles, which was not a significant increase (P > .05).ConclusionThis electrophysiological data in normal volunteers suggest that many exercises used during the early phase of rehabilitation to regain active elevation do not exceed 20% MVC. Progression from passive to active‐assisted can potentially be performed without significantly increasing muscular activation levels exercises. Upright active exercises demonstrated a consistent and often a statistically significant increase in muscular activities supporting that these exercises should be prescribed later in a rehabilitation program.
ELEMENTS OF HIGH ORDER ON FINITE FIELDS FROM ELLIPTIC CURVES
Authors: VOLOCH JOSÉ FELIPE 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe discuss the problem of constructing elements of multiplicative high order in finite fields of large degree over their prime field. We obtain such elements by evaluating rational functions on elliptic curves, at points whose order is small with respect to their degree. We discuss several special cases, including an old construction of Wiedemann, giving the first nontrivial estimate for the order of the elements in this construction.
The glucose and insulin response to isoenergetic reduction of dietary energy sources in a true carnivore: the domestic cat (Felis catus)
Authors: Verbrugghe Adronie , Hesta Myriam , Van Weyenberg Stephanie , Papadopoulos Georgios A. , Gommeren Kris , Daminet Sylvie , Bosmans Tim , Polis Ingeborgh , Buyse Johan , Janssens Geert P. J. 
Published: March 2010

The present study assessed the effect of separate reduction of each energy-delivering nutrient – protein, fat and carbohydrate – on glucose tolerance and insulin response in a strict carnivore: the domestic cat (Felis catus). Three isoenergetic, home-made diets with the following energetic distribution, low protein (LP): protein 28 % of metabolisable energy; fat 43 %; nitrogen-free extract 29 %; low fat: 47, 27 and 25 %; low carbohydrate (LC): 45, 48 and 7 %, were tested in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Nine healthy normal-weight cats were randomly assigned to each of the diets in a random order at intervals of 3 weeks. At the end of each testing period, intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed. Plasma glucose concentrations and area under the glucose curve showed no differences. Area under the insulin curve was lower when cats were fed the LP diet, and the second insulin peak tended to be delayed when the LC diet was fed. In contrast to other studies, in which energy sources were elevated instead of being reduced, the present trial contradicts the often suggested negative impact of carbohydrates on insulin sensitivity in carnivores, and shows that reducing the dietary carbohydrate content below common amounts for commercial foods evokes an insulin-resistant state, which can be explained by the cats' strict carnivorous nature. It even points to a negative effect of protein on insulin sensitivity, a finding that corresponds with the highly gluconeogenic nature of amino acids in strict carnivores.
Oral administration ofLactobacillus acidophilusinduces IL-12 production in spleen cell culture of BALB/c mice bearing transplanted breast tumour
Authors: Yazdi Mohammad Hossein , Soltan Dallal Mohammad Mehdi , Hassan Zuhair Mohammad , Holakuyee Marzieh , Agha Amiri Solmaz , Abolhassani Mohsen , Mahdavi Mehdi 
Published: March 2010

Lactic acid bacteria can affect the maturation of immune cells and their products not only in the gut but also on the systemic immune organs such as lymph nodes and spleen. In the present work, we studied the effects of oral administration ofLactobacillus acidophiluson the immune responses of BALB/c mice bearing transplanted breast tumour. Two groups of female inbred BALB/c mice, each containing nine mice as test and control, were used. TheL. acidophilusATCC4356 strain was inoculated in DeMan–Rogosa–Sharpe broth and cultivated for 24 h at 37°C. Then, it was collected by centrifugation, and was washed and suspended in PBS. Afterwards, 0·5 ml/d of this suspension, which contained 2·7 × 108 colony forming units/ml of bacteria, was orally administered to the mice by gavage, 14 d before tumour transplantation and 30 d after that with 3-d intervals. Similar to the test mice, the control mice received an equal volume of PBS. The results showed that oral administration ofL. acidophilusincreased the production of IL-12 (P < 0·05) and decreased the level of transforming growth factor β (P = 0·05) in the splenocyte culture. Moreover, the growth rate of tumour in the test mice decreased (P < 0·01), and the results of delayed-type hypersensitivity assay after 48 h were risen (P < 0·05) in comparison with the controls. Results suggest that daily consumption ofL. acidophiluscan improve the production of immunomodulatory cytokine IL-12 in the splenocyte culture, which was stimulated by tumour antigen in BALB/c mice bearing transplanted breast tumour. But further studies are needed to find out some other possible mechanisms of this effect.
Experience report: Functional programming in C-Rules
Authors: WAZNY JEREMY 
Published: March 2010

AbstractC-Rules is a business rules management system developed by Constraint Technologies International (www.constrainttechnologies.com) that is designed for use in transport, travel and logistics problems. Individual businesses within these industries often need to solve the same kinds of problems related to scheduling of operations, resource allocation, staff rostering and so on, but each organisation has its own rules and procedures. Furthermore, these problems tend to be combinatorially challenging: before a final solution is chosen, many potential choices need to be generated, evaluated and compared. In C-Rules, users define rules that describe various aspects of a problem. These rules can be invoked from an application, which is typically either an optimising solver or an interactive planning tool. Rules can be used to encode evaluation criteria, such as the legality or cost of a proposed solution, or values like configuration parameters that may be used by the host application to tune or direct its progress. At its core, C-Rules provides a functional expression language that affords users power and flexibility when formulating rules. In this paper we will describe our experiences of using functional programming both at the end-user level and at the implementation level. We highlight some of the benefits of basing our rule system on features such as higher-order functions, referential transparency and static, polymorphic typing. We also outline some of our experiences in using Haskell to build an efficient compiler for the core language.