bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextual cues matter: advancing personality research through the interactions of implicit and explicit personality with situations
Authors: Williams Jaime L. , Stewart Susan M. , Davison H. Kristl 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThis paper confirms and expands upon the implicit and explicit personality model of Bing et al. (2007) by replicating earlier findings and conducting an exploratory test of the three-way interactive effects of implicit and explicit aggressive personality on positive work behaviors by including the situational context of justice perceptions.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 186 hospital employees completed a survey of implicit and explicit aggression and organizational justice perceptions. Supervisors rated the employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors directed at the organization (OCBOs) and individuals (OCBIs), and the number of commendations employees received was obtained from the hospital. The data were analyzed with multiple regression analysis.FindingsOur exploratory results showed that all prototypes tended to withhold OCBOs when justice perceptions were lower. Specifically, when procedural justice was higher, manifest aggressives (higher implicit/higher explicit aggression) had the lowest levels of OCBOs, and prosocials (lower implicit/lower explicit aggression) had the highest levels of OCBOs. Overcompensating prosocials (lower implicit/higher explicit aggression) generally had the highest number of commendations across the three justice dimensions. Nonsignificant interactions were found for interactional justice and OCBIs.Research limitations/implicationsThis study can assist researchers and practitioners in understanding how organizations should pair enhanced employee selection with improved organizational support for the best results.Originality/valueThis study confirms and extends previous work on the interaction of implicit and explicit personality by conducting an exploratory test of the role of situations (i.e. justice perceptions) in predicting positive (vs negative) outcomes.
YOLO‐Behaviour: A simple, flexible framework to automatically quantify animal behaviours from videos
Authors: Chan Alex Hoi Hang , Putra Prasetia , Schupp Harald , Köchling Johanna , Straßheim Jana , Renner Britta , Schroeder Julia , Pearse William D. , Nakagawa Shinichi , Burke Terry , Griesser Michael , Meltzer Andrea , Lubrano Saverio , Kano Fumihiro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Manually coding behaviours from videos is essential to study animal behaviour but it is labour‐intensive and susceptible to inter‐rater bias and reliability issues. Recent developments of computer vision tools enable the automatic quantification of behaviours, supplementing or even replacing manual annotation. However, widespread adoption of these methods is still limited, due to the lack of annotated training datasets and domain‐specific knowledge required to optimize these models for animal research.

Here, we present YOLO‐Behaviour, a flexible framework for identifying visually distinct behaviours from video recordings. The framework is robust, easy to implement, and requires minimal manual annotations as training data. We demonstrate the flexibility of the framework with case studies for event‐wise detection in house sparrow nestling provisioning, Siberian jay feeding, human eating behaviours and frame‐wise detections of various behaviours in pigeons, zebras and giraffes.

Our results show that the framework reliably detects behaviours accurately and retrieve comparable accuracy metrics to manual annotation. However, metrics extracted for event‐wise detection were less correlated with manual annotation, and potential reasons for the discrepancy between manual annotation and automatic detection are discussed. To mitigate this problem, the framework can be used as a hybrid approach of first detecting events using the pipeline and then manually confirming the detections, saving annotation time.

We provide detailed documentation and guidelines on how to implement the YOLO‐Behaviour framework, for researchers to readily train and deploy new models on their own study systems. We anticipate the framework can be another step towards lowering the barrier of entry for applying computer vision methods in animal behaviour.
Population Dynamics of the Endemic and Vulnerable Grauer's Swamp Warbler (Bradypterus graueri): Insights From Long‐Term Monitoring in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
Authors: Tuyisingize D. , Faida E. , Musemakweli V. , van der Hoek Y. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWetland‐dwelling birds are indicators of wetland health. We investigated the population dynamics and conservation implications of the endemic and Vulnerable Grauer's swamp warbler (Bradypterus graueri; GSW) across three wetlands (Rugezi, Kabatwa, and Malalo) of varying sizes and elevations within Volcanoes National Park (VNP), Rwanda. We collected visual and auditory count data over 13 years from 19‐point count stations systematically located across the wetlands and applied distance analysis to assess the abundance and distribution of GSW across years and wetlands. Then, we employed Generalised Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) to assess the relationship between GSW abundance and specific factors known to impact wetlands: trampling by large mammals, the presence of non‐wetland plant species, or the absence of water. Additionally, we investigated how wetland sizes influenced this relationship. We found that the focal wetlands within VNP support an approximate mean of 3.143 (95% CI: 2.578–3.831) clusters of GSW per hectare, hosting a mean of 3.634 (95% CI: 2.960–4.462) individuals per cluster. Nonetheless, there were instances of GSW extirpation occurring in Malalo and Kabatwa VNP wetlands. Mammal trampling and non‐wetland plants negatively impacted the GSW population (trampling: estimate = −2. 126, p < 0.043; non‐wetland plants: estimate = −0.735, p = 0.05), while GSW abundance is positively associated with the presence of water (estimate = 0.862, p < 0.002). GSW density also increased with wetland size, though this trend was not significant (p > 0.05). Generally, despite fluctuations in GSW densities within the studied wetlands, VNP remains a crucial habitat for this globally threatened species: wetlands that might require actions highlight the need for efforts to avoid desiccation.
Plain Language Summary of the ACCEPT Guideline for the Management of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Suker Adriana , Li Ying , Marren Anthony , Robson Danielle ,   the Australasian CREI (Certificate of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility) Consensus Expert Panel on Trial evidence (ACCEPT) group
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is when a woman experiences two or more pregnancy losses. Investigating for causes of RPL can provide an explanation and possible treatment options. This is a summary of Parts 1 and 2 of Australasian Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Clinical Management Guidelines in an easy‐to‐read patient friendly format. These original publications can be found with a digital object identifier (DOI) 10.1111/ajo.13821 and DOI 10.1111/ajo.13820.
Vincamine ameliorates hepatic fibrosis via inhibiting S100A4‐mediated farnesoid X receptor activation: based on liver microenvironment and enterohepatic circulation dependence
Authors: Jiang Yu‐Chen , Guo Jia , Liu Sai‐Hu , Dai Xu , Wang Chen‐Yu , Lian Li‐Hua , Cui Zhen‐Yu , Nan Ji‐Xing , Wu Yan‐Ling 
Published: February 2025

Background and PurposeVincamine has extensive biological and pharmaceutical activity. We examined the hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms by which vincamine suppresses hepatic fibrosis.Experimental ApproachHepatic stellate cells (HSCs), TGF‐β stimulated, were cultured with either vincamine, farnesoid X receptor (NR1H4; FXR) agonist or antagonist. Further, C57BL/6 mice were given thioacetamide (TAA) to induce hepatic fibrosis and subsequently treated with vincamine or curcumin.Key ResultsVincamine regulated the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), inflammatory factors and S100A4, and up‐regulated FXR and TGR5 (GPBA receptor) in activated HSCs, by activating FXR. FXR deficiency blocked vincamine effect on FXR, TGR5, α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and IL1R1 in activated LX‐2 cells. Vincamine corrected ECM imbalance, inflammatory secretion and FXR/TGR5 down‐regulation in activated LX‐2 cells with stimulating medium from LPS‐primed THP‐1 cells. S100A4 deficiency increased FXR and TGR5, and decreased IL‐1β expression in activated THP‐1. Further, S100A4 deficiency in activated macrophages could elevate FXR and TGR5 expression in activated LX‐2, strengthening the impact of vincamine on α‐SMA and IL‐1β expression. Further, vincamine reduced serum ALT/AST levels, liver and intestinal histopathological changes, and caused ECM accumulation and protected the intestinal barrier in thioacetamide‐induced hepatic fibrosis mice. Vincamine decreased inflammatory factors e.g. caspase 1 and IL‐1β, and inhibited the S100A4‐mediated FXR‐TGR5 pathway.Conclusion and ImplicationsVincamine significantly reverses hepatic fibrosis via inhibiting S100A4 involved in the crosstalk between macrophages and HSCs, and by activating the FXR‐TGR5 pathway. Targeting the S100A4‐mediated FXR dependence on modulating the liver environment may be the key target of vincamine in inhibiting hepatic fibrosis.
Pharmacokinetics of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA Polymerase Inhibitor Remdesivir in Participants With Moderate and Severe Hepatic Impairment
Authors: Regan Sean , Humeniuk Rita , Caro Luzelena , Abdelghany Mazin , Davies Santosh , Baysa Amarylliz , Shen Gong , Hyland Robert H. , Kim Aryun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRemdesivir is an RNA polymerase inhibitor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 administered intravenously (IV) that is approved for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients. The clinical dosing regimen is a single loading dose of 200 mg on Day 1 followed by once‐daily maintenance doses of 100 mg from Day 2, for a total duration of up to 10 days. The prodrug, remdesivir, undergoes metabolic activation inside the cell to form the intracellular active metabolite (GS‐443902) along with two plasma metabolites (GS‐704277 and GS‐441524). The pharmacokinetics and safety of a single IV 100‐mg dose of remdesivir were evaluated in a Phase 1, open‐label, multicenter study in participants with moderate (n = 10) or severe (n = 6) hepatic impairment (Child–Pugh–Turcotte Class B or C, respectively) and participants with normal liver function (n = 16). Compared with the normal hepatic function group, plasma exposures (geometric least squares mean ratios of area under the concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinity and maximum concentration) of remdesivir, GS‐704277, and GS‐441524 were similar in the moderate hepatic impairment group and up to 1.56‐fold, 2.41‐fold, and 1.48‐fold higher, respectively, in the severe hepatic impairment group. Remdesivir was generally safe and well tolerated in hepatically impaired individuals, and the modest exposure increases of remdesivir and its metabolites were not associated with adverse events. Based on these findings, no dose adjustment of remdesivir is recommended for patients with mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment.
Emapalumab in Patients With Macrophage Activation Syndrome Associated With Still's Disease: A Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis
Authors: Brossard Patrick 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMacrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life‐threatening form of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) associated with rheumatic diseases, most commonly Still's disease. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) model for emapalumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that targets interferon‐gamma (IFNγ), in patients with MAS associated with Still's disease. A two‐compartment disposition model based on data from patients with primary HLH administered emapalumab (1 mg/kg every 3 days, with possible increases to 3, 6 or 10 mg/kg) was re‐estimated for patients with MAS administered emapalumab (6 mg/kg, then 3 mg/kg every 3 days until day 15 and twice weekly until day 28). An exploratory population PK/PD analysis comprising patients' PD data for total IFNγ, chemokine C‐X‐C motif ligand 9 (CXCL9) and ferritin was performed. Emapalumab clearance was generally linear and independent of total IFNγ levels in patients with MAS (n = 14). Estimated baseline levels of CXCL9 (a marker of IFNγ activity), soluble interleukin‐2 receptor α (sIL‐2Rα; a marker of hyperinflammation) and ferritin (a clinical marker of MAS disease activity) were 8400, 6550 and 15,300 μg/L, respectively. All three PD markers responded rapidly to changes in emapalumab concentration. Emapalumab almost completely suppressed CXCL9, sIL2‐Rα, and ferritin production (estimated reduction in synthesis rate: 98.3%, 87%, and 99.6%, respectively). Population PK/PD modeling indicated that emapalumab rapidly suppresses markers of hyperinflammation in patients with MAS associated with Still's disease. Emapalumab dosing regimen used in clinical trials in patients with MAS is unlikely to need adjustment.
Psychometric Properties of Self‐Reported Financial Toxicity Measures in Cancer Survivors: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Li Leilei , Qu Hui , Fu Chaohong , Niu Jianpei , Yang Changyong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAim(s)To assess the methodological quality and psychometric properties of self‐reported financial toxicity measures for cancer survivors, to offer evidence‐based guidance for the selection of these measures in clinical practice, and to supply methodological references for the enhancement and development of related measures in the future.DesignAn overview of systematic reviews.MethodsFour academic databases were searched to conduct an overview of systematic reviews published from inception to August 2024. The Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire (OQAQ) was employed to evaluate the methodological quality of the research included. The consensus‐based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments checklist (COSMIN) and the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system were employed to assess the methodological and psychometric quality of the financial toxicity measures included.ResultsSix systematic reviews satisfied the inclusion criteria. The OQAQ results indicated that six studies exhibited significant methodological quality defects, each receiving a score of 3 points. COST‐v1, COST‐v2, HARDS, ENRICh, and FinTox were classified as level A. Ten measures were classified as level B, lacking evidence to support content validity and internal consistency as ‘+’. Seven measures were classified at level C, supported by high‐quality evidence indicating certain domains as ‘−’.ConclusionCOST is advised as the best appropriate measurement standard for research and clinical practice across many global contexts. HARDS and ENRICh were advised to select only after thoroughly evaluating the local socio‐economic context. FinTox is particularly suggested for the assessment of severe FT. SFDQ and FIT are advised for selection following an evaluation of therapy alternatives and the cancer's location.Implications for the Patient CareHealthcare professionals can implement evidence‐based measures in clinical practice to effectively assess the financial toxicity experienced by cancer survivors, offer policy‐oriented interventions, and enhance patient‐reported outcomes.
Efficacy and Safety of a Topical Formulation Containing Trihydroxybenzoic Acid Glucoside and α‐Arbutin, Applied Along With a Sunscreen: A Noncomparative, Prospective, Interventional Study in Indian Females With Facial Melasma or Dark Spots
Authors: Gabhane Mukesh , Patil Raji , Dharmadhikari Shruti , Shah Priyank , Khandhedia Chintan , Mehta Suyog 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSkin hyperpigmentation is a dermatological concern for pigmented skin phototypes. Despite availability of multiple treatment options, hyperpigmentation management continues to be a challenge.AimsEfficacy and safety assessment of the skincare regimen [topical formulation of trihydroxybenzoic acid glucoside 10% (THBG) and α‐arbutin 2% (twice‐daily) + sunscreen (once daily)] in Indian females with pigmentary spots (facial dark spots or melasma).MethodsThis prospective, open‐label, single‐arm, interventional study was conducted in Indian females (n = 124), aged 18–45 years, having FitzPatrick skin type III–IV, dull skin, and facial dark spots or melasma. Efficacy of 90‐day skincare regimen was evaluated using mexameter, modified melasma area and severity index (mMASI) score, cross‐polarized light photography, chromameter, and color–luminosity–brightness–transparency (CLBT) technique. Student's t‐test (paired data) was used for statistical analysis.ResultsIn efficacy analysis [modified intention‐to‐treat (mITT) population], 120 subjects were included. Melanin content of pigmentary spots (on mexametry) significantly reduced (−16.3%, p < 0.001) at Day 90 versus baseline. Significant reduction in severity of melasma was observed (−18.4% in mMASI score) at Day 90. Significant improvement in ΔEab (−8.7%) (change in color difference between pigmentary spot and normal skin) on cross‐polarized photographs, in skin‐brightening parameters L* (relative brightness/lightness) (−2.7%), ITA° (individual typology angle) (−37.7%), and ΔE* (skin‐tone evenness) (−19.0%) using chromameter. Significant improvement in skin radiance was observed in CLBT parameters, color (pink: 32.8%, yellow: –5.5%, and olive: −7.8%), luminosity (6.0%), brightness (4.6%), and transparency (0.2%). Regimen did not cause itching, burning, or irritation.ConclusionsSkincare regime of 10% THBG and 2% α‐arbutin along with sunscreen was effective in reducing pigmentary spots (dark spots and melasma) and was well tolerated in Indian women.Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI Reg. No. CTRI/2021/11/038345; date: 30/11/2021)
Diurnal Variation in Melatonin‐Mediated Cardiac Protection via Per2 Expression in Heart
Authors: Luo Ronghao , Yang Zebin , Liang Wanshi , Chen Yifei , Jie Yinhong , Zhang Yang , Li Le 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MIR) injury, a primary cause of mortality in acute myocardial infarction, exhibits diurnal variation associated with disruptions in diurnal rhythm. Melatonin (MLT), a potent antioxidant known for its cardioprotective properties, also demonstrates diurnal rhythmicity. This study aimed to investigate the time‐dependent cardioprotective effects of MLT in MIR and to clarify the role of the circadian gene Per2 in mediating these effects. Using in vivo (mice) and in vitro (H9c2 cardiomyocytes) models of MIR, we administered MLT at two distinct diurnal time points: ZT1 and ZT13. We evaluated infarct size, cardiac function, apoptosis, and the expression levels of Per2 and other circadian genes. Pretreatment with MLT at ZT13 significantly reduced infarct size and enhanced cardiac function compared to ZT1 administration. This time‐dependent cardioprotective effect correlated with the diurnal expression pattern of Per2, which was notably augmented by dark phase administration of MLT without phase alteration. Crucially, Per2 knockdown in both models abrogated the cardioprotective effects of MLT. Our findings underscore that MLT confers superior cardioprotection against MIR injury when administered at dark phase, aligning with the circadian variation of Per2 expression. These effects reveal the therapeutic potential of targeting the MLT‐Per2 axis in chronotherapy to mitigate MIR injury.
Alterations in Milk Biomolecular Profiles and Piglet Performances Due to Dietary Probiotic Bacillus licheniformis DSMZ 28710 Supplementation
Authors: Ruampatana Jakavat , Settachaimongkon Sarn , Kaewsirikool Jedsadakorn , Iamraksa Pornpavit , Choompoo Sirawit , Suwimonteerabutr Junpen , Homyog Kunaporn , Mekboonsonglarp Wanwimon , Feyera Takele , Nuntapaitoon Morakot 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic Bacillus licheniformis DSMZ 28710 supplementation on sow performance, Preweaning piglet performance, and the biochemical profiles of colostrum and milk. Sixty‐eight crossbred sows (Landrace Yorkshire) were allocated to either a standard lactation diet (Control; n = 35) or the Control diet supplemented with 10 g/sow/day of B. licheniformis DSMZ 28710 (Treatment; n = 33), from day 109 of gestation until day 21 of lactation. Sow and piglet performance, as well as the incidence of piglet diarrhea, were recorded. Moreover, the study investigated the changes in major chemical compositions, immunoglobulins, fatty acids, and non‐volatile polar metabolites in colostrum, transient milk, and mature milk of sows. Supplementation of B. licheniformis increased piglet body weight on day 21 of lactation in old parity sows (p = 0.037). Moreover, the incidence of diarrhea was reduced in piglets suckled by sows supplemented with B. licheniformis DSMZ 28710, regardless of sow's parity or lactation stage (p < 0.05). Probiotic supplementation decreased fat content in transient milk (p = 0.026) and increased lactose content in mature milk (p = 0.011). Chemometric analysis revealed clear distinctions between the Control and Treatment group in the fatty acid profiles of colostrum, transient milk, and mature milk, while notable differences in non‐volatile polar metabolite profiles were observed specifically in mature milk. In conclusion, supplementation with B. licheniformis DSMZ 28710 reduced the incidence of diarrhea in piglets, increased body weight of the piglets in old parity sows and altered the biomolecular profiles in colostrum, transit milk, and mature milk of the sows.
The Making of a Ruler: Haitham bin Tariq on the Omani Throne
Authors: Kéchichian Joseph Albert 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOman's leadership transition from Qaboos bin Sa‘id to Haitham bin Tariq validated Al Sa‘id authority in more ways than one. While the 15th Al Sa‘id sultan has only been in power for slightly more than four years, his initial governance preferences indicate that he will manage with poise. Haitham has developed a new doctrine that emphasizes wealth creation, acceleration of education levels, ensuring norms of social security, improving civil rights, and promoting closer ties with the sultanate's neighbors. In key speeches, he has promised to address core challenges and, over the course of four years, has ushered in laws that translate his pledges into actions. This preliminary assessment of Haitham evaluates his early decisions, appraises his declared priorities, and identifies his major preferences. It further highlights some of the internal as well as foreign challenges that confront Omanis. Given his measured and contemplative personality, Haitham has adopted pragmatic policies to preserve and defend Omani interests—not only to continue on his predecessor's path but to further validate long‐term Al Sa‘id aspirations.