bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of confocal laser endomicroscopy compared with high definition i-scan video bronchoscopy in patients with suspected lung cancer
Authors: Elwahab Koraa Emad EA , El-Assal Gehan M , Farghaly Ayman AE , Ali Tamer M , El_Sayed Maha AH 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Lung cancer is the one of the most important leading cause of mortality related to cancer worldwide. The 5-year survival is not optimistic with a percentage of 15% with mild improvement along the past 20 years (1.59 million deaths). The best effective and sensitive strategies of prevention is avoiding the common risk factor; tobacco smoking. The mortality of lung cancer can be reduced by early detection and treatment of the cases. Bronchial carcinoma in situ is one of the important stages to detect since over 40% of these can develop into invasive cancer. Sputum cytology and chest imaging have been used as a screening tests with limited success.

Objective
To study the diagnostic performance of confocal laser endomicroscopy in comparison to high definition i-scan videobronchoscopy in patients with suspected lung cancer.

Patients and methods
The study was performed at pulmonary diseases hospital in Kobry Elkobba military complex for 2 years since January 2018 to December 2019. The study included 25 patients all had chest CT findings suspicious of lung cancer.

Results
i-scan findings showed 68% accuracy and 73.3% specificity, and findings of confocal laser endomicroscopy were 92% accuracy and 90% specificity.

Conclusion
This was a study including patient characteristics in Egypt as a comparison between two methods of diagnosis of lung cancer. The study showed the higher sensitivity of confocal laser endomicroscopy in the diagnosis of lung cancer approved by the results of the pathological specimens optioned under the visual of confocal laser endomicroscopy in comparison with i-scan method.
Biological and physical studies on the protective and therapeutic roles of ashwagandha seed extract against the potential toxic effect of amoxicillin in rats
Authors: Aboelhassan Dalia M. , Ibrahim Noha E. , Elnasharty Mohamed M.M. , Elwan Azhar M. , Elhadidy Mohamed E. , Mohamed Mona A. , Radwan Hasnaa A. , Ghaly Inas S. , Farag Ibrahim M. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Ashwagandha plant enhances the body’s defense against toxicants through improving the cell-mediated immunity.

Objective
The present work was performed to assess the protective and therapeutic efficiencies of ashwagandha seed extract (ASE) against the harmful effects of amoxicillin (AM) treatment on biological and physical parameters in the brain, liver, and testes tissues of rats.

Materials and methods
Total RNA was isolated from brain, liver, and testes tissues to assess the gene expression of steroid 5 alpha-reductase 1 (5α-R1), multidrug resistant 1b (mdr1b), and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) genes, respectively. The cDNA was synthesized and real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was performed, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured. Histological examination and physiological tests for the cerebral cortex of brain tissue were recorded.

Results and conclusion
Our findings revealed that AM treatment (90 mg/kg. b.wt.) caused detrimental effects in all biological parameters, including up-regulation of gene expressions and reduction of TAC values in brain, liver, and testes tissues, in addition to severe damage to histological architectures in the cerebral cortex, including hemorrhage and neurodegeneration. ASE treatment at different doses (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the biological and physical parameters. As the ASE dose level increased, it was observed that these improvements in gene expressions and TAC also increased. Gene expression enhancements were more pronounced in the therapeutic efficacy of ASE, whereas TAC enhancements were more pronounced in the protective efficacy of this medicinal plant extract, particularly in brain and liver tissues. In terms of histopathological parameters, the damage caused by AM was reduced by using 300 mg/kg of protective ASE than 200 mg/kg of therapeutic ASE. Biophysical investigation indicated that relaxation time and enthalpy were restored and improved, while DC conductivity was not recovered by ASE use against AM damages. The present investigation provided biological and physical evidence for protective and therapeutic efficiencies of ASE against lesion effects of AM in the previously mentioned tissues of rats.
Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Octopus vulgaris extract against Depakine®-induced hepatotoxicity in adult rats
Authors: Abd El-Samd Asmaa A.M. , Soliman Salah M.E. , Abdel-Wahab Mohammed , Hamad Nashwa , Ashry Mahmoud 
Published: April 2024

Background and objectiveAntiepileptic drug Depakine®is often used, although it can cause birth defects in both human and animals. This study’s goal was to assess theOctopus vulgarisextract’s (OE) ability to protect against the hepatotoxicity caused by Depakine in an effort to advance its clinical application.Patients and methodsFour groups of adult male Wistar rats (150–180 g b.w.) have been designed at random (10 rats each) as: 1) healthy control group; 2) healthy rats treated orally with OE (50 mg/kg/day); 3) rats administrated orally with Depakine®(500 mg/kg/day); 4) rats treated with OE in combination with Depakine.Results and conclusionAfter 6 weeks of treatment, the results demonstrated that OE was effective in lowering Depakine®-induced hepatotoxicity. This was shown by a significant rise in liver glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) values as well as albumin and total protein levels. Additionally, there was a considerable drop in the serum levels of tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α), interlukin-1beta (IL-1β), interlukin-4 (IL-4), interlukin-6 (IL-6), and interlukin-10 (IL-10), which exacerbated the structural recovery of the liver’s histological image. Conclusion: OE was highly effective in reducing the oxidative stress caused by Depakine®and protecting the liver from its toxic effects. OE is a viable supplement candidate for liver protection against the negative effects of that antiepileptic medication.
Prevalence and molecular characterization of rotavirus strains circulating among children with gastroenteritis in Egypt
Authors: Shaheen Mohamed N.F. , Abd Al-Daim Sahar E. , Ahmed Nehal I. , Khalifa Mohamed K. , Seif Wael H.R. , Ahmed Shymaa S. , Shemis Mohamed , Rehan Ahmed H. , Abdelgawad Basma , Karim Ali G. AL , Khairy Wael M. 
Published: April 2024

Background and objectives
Human rotavirus (RV) is the main cause of diarrheal disease among children younger than 5 years old, worldwide. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of RV infections and the genotype distribution of RV in Egypt.

Materials and methods
A total of 642 fecal samples were collected from children younger than 5 years of age, suffering from acute diarrhea and attending ten regional public hospitals (n=585) and five private clinics (n=57) located in 6 Egyptian cities between February and June 2021. All samples were screened by immunochromatographic assay to determine RV prevalence. Then RV-positive samples were further subjected for detection of G (VP7) and P (VP4) genotypes by seminested multiplex real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results
Out of the 642 children, RV was detected in 268 (41.7%). Inpatients were more likely to be RV-positive (43.2%) than outpatients (26.3%) and most of the positive samples 215/268 (80.2%) were found in children less than 1 year of age. RV infections were more common in males than females (65.3% vs. 34.7%). The VP7 predominant G type was G3 (31.3%), followed by G8 (20.5%), G1 (7%), mixed G infections (6.3%), G2 (1.9%), G9 (1.9%), G4 (1.5%), and G10 (0.4%). The VP4 predominant P type was P[8] (53.7%), followed by P[4] (16%), P[6] (9.3%), P[9] (6.3%), P[11] (4.5%), P[10] (2.6%), and mixed P infections (1.9%). The dominant VP7/VP4 combination was G3P[8] (24.2%), G8P[8] (10%), G8P[4] (5.2%), G1P[8] (4.5%), G8P[6] (3.3%), and G3P[4] (2.2%). Several other combinations were also identified with detection rates less than 2% of positive RV samples. Mixed genotype combinations and partially typed strains were detected in 31.7% and 7.5%, respectively.

Conclusion
This study highlights the necessity for continuous epidemiology and surveillance of RVA infection to improve our control and management of RVA infection. Furthermore, due to the lack of a national anti-RV vaccination program, RV remains the main causative agent for acute gastroenteritis in Egyptian children. Therefore, it is important to introduce RV vaccine into the national immunization program in Egypt free of charge to all infants to reduce the burden of RV gastroenteritis.
Checking For Reliability and Accuracy Measuring Point of Care Capillary Blood Glucose Using Glucometers Vs Venous Blood Glucose in Intensive Care Unit Patients: Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Prabhakar Manish Chandra , Halder Pritam 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Health-care professionals routinely measure blood glucose of all critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU). The traditional reference standard, venous blood glucose requires venipuncture, and laboratories usually return the test results after 60 min. We wondered if a point of care (POC) capillary glucose measured by glucometer could be as accurate and reliable as blood venous glucose.

Methods:
We studied consecutive patients admitted to an ICU between May 1, 2009, and May 10, 2009. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of two-POC glucometers with laboratory venous glucose, the reference standard. We used Bland–Altman plots and the Clark error grid method to analyze the results.

Results:
This study included a total of 110 patients 38 (34%) women; mean age 52.1 years (standard deviation [SD] =17.3); range = 14–85 years. Fourteen patients (12%) were known to have diabetes. The mean glucose value (glucometer 1) was 152.9 mg/dL (SD = 83.1); range = 48–501 mg/dL; that by glucometer 2 was 152.2 mg/dL (SD = 76.2); range = 30–458 mg/dL and by the laboratory was 148.6 mg/dL (SD = 81.5); range = 52–480 mg/dL. Of the 110 subjects, 2 (2%) had blood glucose below 70 mg/dL; 85 (77%) between 70 and 180 mg/dL; and 23 (21%) had blood glucose exceeding 180 mg/dL. The Bland–Altman plot showed a bias of 4 mg% (95% confidence intervals = −9.8–+1.1); and the limits of agreement were −63 and +54 mg%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the two glucometers was 0.92 and 0.93, respectively. The error grid analysis showed that 80% (78/110) of samples lay within Zone A, 22 (110) in Zone B, and 1% (1/110) in Zone C.

Conclusions:
POC glucose, measured by glucometers was in agreement with the venous glucose estimation. Both glucometers were equally accurate and performed uniformly well across the wide range of blood glucose values.
Prevalence and Association of Stress with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Pregnant Women in a Rural Area of Maharashtra: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Prabhakar Manish Chandra , Halder Pritam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aim:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major public health problem. There is a scarcity of knowledge regarding the association of stress with GDM. Our objective was to determine the prevalence and association of stress with GDM among pregnant women in a rural area of Maharashtra.

Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 965 pregnant women from the rural field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, MGIMS, Sevagram. After taking written informed consent, a pretested semistructured questionnaire was administered. Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India recommendation was used (2-h plasma glucose > 140 mg/dL with 75 g oral glucose load to diagnose GDM irrespective of the duration of the last meal). Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was administered to assess the stress (anxiety and depression).

Results:
The K10 scale showed that 3.11% of participants were moderately affected, and 3.01% had mild symptoms of anxiety and depression. Only 1.14% of pregnant women had severe mental disorders. The participants with normal to mild depression (K10 score < 25) had 90% less chance (odds ratio: 0.10; 95% confidence interval: 0.05–0.23) of becoming GDM than participants with moderate to severe depression (K10 score > 25), which was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Our study highlighted that normal to mild stress had a lesser chance of getting GDM than moderate to severe stress during pregnancy, indicating that stress is a positive risk factor of GDM. Hence, it is advisable to screen for stress during pregnancy.
A Study of Assessment of Preclinical Atherosclerosis by Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Younger than 50 Years of Age and Their Correlation with Disease Activity: A Comparative, Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhatt Varsha Rajat , Krishna Kavita , Kharat Amit T. , Asrani Vishal , Chauhan Rajat 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune condition that has been linked to an increased risk of atherosclerosis and enhanced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Most literature encompasses older age groups.

Objectives:
This study aimed to determine the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with newly diagnosed RA who are younger than 50 years of age and do not display the symptoms or traditional risk factors of CVD and compare it to the controls with same age and gender without RA. Furthermore, the correlation between CIMT and the disease activity Score -28 (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate) were examined.

Subjects and Methods:
The study enrolled 48 patients with RA and 51 healthy controls who met the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients underwent CIMT by the ultrasound.

Results:
There was a significant increase in common carotid artery CIMT on both the right and left sides (P < 0.001) in RA patients as compared to controls. The correlations between CIMT (right and left) and DAS 28 ESR were only poor and negative.

Conclusion:
Younger patients with RA showed higher CIMT than age- and sex-matched controls, indicating an increased risk of future cardiovascular events even in the young.
Microbiological and Clinical Characteristics of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Patients from the Pediatric Ward, Adult Respiratory Ward, and Medicine Intensive Care Unit at a University Hospital in Northern India
Authors: Kar Mitra , Dubey Akanksha , Singh Romya , Jamwal Ashima , Tejan Nidhi , Sahu Chinmoy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Respiratory infections are common infections reported among human beings. Infections involving the respiratory tract can be mild and transient and people tend to neglect them. The chief cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) can be attributed to hospitalization.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study from January 2021 to April 2021. The clinical, demographic, and microbiological characteristics of the patients admitted to adult respiratory ward (ARW), pediatric ward (PW), and medicine intensive care unit (MICU) were extracted from the electronic records and laboratory registers for this study.

Results:
We included 788 patients in this study from January 2021 to April 2021. The mean age of patients was 52.67 ± 20.15 years with a male predominance in ARW (248/383, 64.75%) and MICU (252/369, 68.29%) and a female predominance in PW (28/36, 77.78%). Most patients were admitted to the ARW (383/788, 48.60%) followed by the MICU (369/788, 46.83%). Bacterial growth was seen in 358 (358/788, 38.89%) respiratory samples. Blood culture was positive in 188 (188/788, 23.86%) samples. The most common microorganism causing LRTI and bloodstream infection was Klebsiella pneumoniae with an infection rate of 32.68% (117/358, 32.68%) and 25.53% (48/188, 25.53%), respectively. Total leukocyte count (P < 0.0001) and procalcitonin (P = 0.0113) were statistically significant diagnostic parameters associated with MDR isolates.

Conclusion:
This study establishes the range of bacteria obtained from the respiratory samples of LRTI patients and guides the clinicians in the administration of appropriate antibiotics according to the antibiotic susceptibility pattern to eliminate MDR.
A Comparative Exploration of Video Laryngoscopes (King Vision and Airtraq) as the Future of Intubation during General Anesthesia
Authors: Khati Monika , Chourasia Priyanka , Kumari Poonam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
In the dynamic medical landscape, anesthesiology plays a pivotal role in ensuring patient safety and comfort during surgeries. Central to this is endotracheal intubation, a critical procedure for securing the airway under anesthesia. Innovations such as King Vision and Airtraq video laryngoscopes offer enhanced glottis visualization and Cormack Lehane scores compared to direct laryngoscopy, with a shorter learning curve. This study aims to assess King Vision and Airtraq’s efficiency in terms of laryngoscopy time, Cormack and Lehane grading, and single-attempt success rate, the number of intubation attempts and endotracheal intubation duration.

Methodology:
We conducted a study involving 90 patients, aged 20–40 years, undergoing elective surgeries in Departments of General Surgery, ENT, and Gynecology under General Anesthesia. They were divided into two groups, Group K (King Vision) and Group A (Airtraq). Anesthesiologists with at least 40 prior intubations using both devices performed intubations. Preoperative assessments included Alprazolam and Ranitidine, fasting for 8 h, and vital sign monitoring. Anesthesia induction comprised fentanyl, propofol, and succinylcholine, with Macintosh laryngoscopy as a backup. Anesthesia maintenance included nitrous oxide, oxygen, isoflurane, and rocuronium, while parameters were diligently recorded.

Results:
Our results indicate comparable age and gender distributions between Airtraq and King Vision groups, as well as no differences in Mallampati grading. Kings Vision showed significantly faster laryngoscopy and quicker intubation. Most patients required only one intubation attempt in both groups. Cormack and Lehane grading was unaffected by device choice.

Conclusion:
Our study shows that both Airtraq and King Vision perform similarly across patient characteristics, but King Vision offers faster laryngoscopy and intubation times, ideal for urgent airway management.
Prediction of Medical Record Storage Requirement Using Forecasting Technique
Authors: Sinha Sujeet K. , Mondal Ramkrishna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context:
Medical records storage is a valuable and statutory requirement, but for any hospital, it is always most challenging. Many studies on the quality of medical records have been available but very few regarding storage space.

Aims:
This study uses a forecasting technique to measure the storage space requirement for medical records.

Settings and Design:
The study is a record-based study using the moving average forecasting technique in a tertiary care 900-bed public hospital in eastern India.

Subjects and Methods:
The data of the medical record files were collected from 2014 to 2022 years and used the moving average forecasting technique to get the forecasting till 2040. Accordingly, average racks and shelves and floor space requirements were calculated based on forecasted data.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Simple statistics and moving average forecasting technique was used using Microsoft Excel.

Results:
The forecasted number of medical record generation data was calculated using moving average forecasting techniques till 2040. From 200 racks and 1168 shelves, it was calculated to be an average of 113 ± 35 records per shelve, 678 ± 35 records per rack, and 3.75 square feet of space per rack is required. Accordingly, cumulative records, eligible for destruction after the retention period, effective cumulative records, racks, and floor space required were calculated.

Conclusions:
Proper storage of medical records is essential for optimal patient care and medical legal aspects but is a challenge in most organizations. The study findings conclude the forecasted space requirement for medical records and choose a strategic plan accordingly for efficient management of the medical records.
Comprehensive Management of Anticoagulants Induced Decompensated Severe Anemia in Postmitral Valve Replacement
Authors: Gulia Sonia , Kumari Kusum , Kalyani Vasantha C. , Shahi Sudhir Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Mechanical prosthetic valve needs consideration for anticoagulation. The objective of this case report was to know how maintenance of oral anticoagulant therapy is very important in patients, especially with mechanical heart valve replacement. It is the holistic management of mitral valve replacement (MVR) patients with high international normalized ratio (INR) (>100), which led bleeding into the peritoneal cavity and causes decompensated severe anemia. Although it is a rare presentation for a patient of MVR with high INR level but which is most commonly presented for cerebrovascular accident. Anemia is a thoughtful worldwide problem that disturbs the quality of life in persons of all ages. A 28-year-old Indian woman with follow-up case of post-MVR came to the hospital with complaints of breathing difficulty, altered sensorium, pulse rate of 150–170 bpm (beats/min) irregularly irregular, blood pressure (80/50 mmHg), palpitation, and abdominal pain. Blood test report revealed her hemoglobin (Hb) was 3.2 g%, suggestive of severe anemia, INR was >100 s. Hence, patient diagnosed as follow-up case of MVR (#27 mm mechanical bileaflet mitral valve prosthesis) with peritoneal bleeding, an oral anticoagulant with decompensated severe anemia managment should be done. Ended the progression of her hospitalization, she received four units of packed red blood cell transfusions; Vitamin K was given intravenous once daily for 2 days and no anticoagulant was given, so far, INR was high with serial monitoring of INR and Hb. Her symptoms of breathing difficulty, pain in abdomen, weakness and giddiness resolute by the finish of her hospital stay, and she recompensed to her oral anticoagulant therapy with improved Hb and hemodynamics. Disapprovingly high INR levels are classically related with bleeding disorders revealed on imperative indicators and hemodynamic variability. To our understanding, one of the lowermost noted Hb is because of bleeding due to very high INR, so monitoring of therapeutic INR level with anticoagulants is very-very important.