bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between depression and the prevalence and prognosis of prediabetes: a population-based study
Authors: Zhou Jin , Yang Xiaojiao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Diagnosis and intervention of prediabetes is an emerging approach to preventing the progression and complications of diabetes. It has been reported that inflammatory factors and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be potential pathogenesis mechanisms of diabetes and depression. However, the relationship between depression levels and the prevalence of prediabetes and its prognosis remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the relationship between depression and the prevalence of prediabetes and to further explore the all-cause mortality of different levels of depression in patients with prediabetes.
Methods
Our study used a data set from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants were divided into two groups (with or without depression) and further divided into subgroups based on different levels of depression status to analyze the relationship between depression and prediabetes prevalence. We then analyzed the relationship between all-cause mortality and depressive status in patients with prediabetes. This study used a weighted multiple logistic/Cox regression model.
Results
A total of 4384 participants were included, divided into depression group (n = 1379) and non-depression group (n = 3005). Results showed that people with depression were at higher risk of developing prediabetes. After adjusting for covariates, moderate to severe depression was positively associated with prediabetes (moderate to severe depression vs no depression: OR = 1.834, 95%CI: 0.713–4.721; severe depression vs no depression: OR = 1.004, 95% CI 0.429–2.351). In addition, we explored the relationship between all-cause mortality and depressive status in patients diagnosed with prediabetes (n = 2240) and found that moderate to severe depression (HR = 2.109, 95%CI 0.952–4.670) was associated with higher mortality in patients with prediabetes. Associated with increased all-cause mortality.
Conclusions
Overall, findings suggest that depression is positively associated with prediabetes prevalence and mortality. These results suggest that good management of mental health conditions may be a potential strategy to reduce the occurrence and progression of prediabetes.
Discovery and validation of ferroptosis-related molecular modules and immune signatures in epilepsy
Authors: Huang Cong , Wei Fan , You Zhipeng , Li Jiran , Liu Yang , Liu Xingan , Fan Zhijie , He Yunmin , Gao Xiaoying , Sun Jiahang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The pathophysiology of epilepsy is still not fully understood. Though little is known about the molecular immunological mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, numerous lines of evidence point to its critical role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Thus, the objective of this work was to thoroughly examine and analyze the molecular mechanism and immunological features of genes connected to ferroptosis in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. For our research, we downloaded ferroptosis-related gene sets from FerrDb and got blood and brain tissue datasets for epilepsy from the GEO database. The most pertinent Hub gene for epilepsy was found using two machine learning algorithms: Random Forest (RF) and Multiclass Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (mSVM-RFE). There are two sections to the Hub gene research. Part I: Immunological features of various clusters were analyzed and epilepsy patients' genotypes were determined using unsupervised cluster analysis. The PCA method was used to quantify the FRGscore by analyzing the connection between FRGscore and patient clinical information. Part II: By combining methods (GSEA, GSVA, and CIBERSORT), we clarify the biological processes associated with Hub genes and their roles in the immune milieu. Logistic regression models were utilized for additional analysis of hub genes. Lastly, RT-qPCR was used to confirm the Hub gene's expression in the brain tissue of mice given KA to induce epilepsy. We were able to identify three Hub genes in total using two machine learning algorithms. Immune infiltration study revealed that the level of immune infiltration in type B was much higher than that in type A, suggesting that type B may be at the pinnacle of neuroinflammation in epilepsy. Unsupervised clustering successfully identified two separate clusters. Second, the nomo diagram and logistic regression technique were used to build the epilepsy diagnosis model. Ultimately, the Hub gene results from the RT-qPCR validation were in agreement with the findings of the bioinformatic analysis, demonstrating the accuracy of the data. Our research offers fresh perspectives on the roles played by immunological systems and ferroptosis-related molecular patterns in epilepsy. It also establishes a theoretical framework for the potential addition of additional epilepsy diagnostic markers.
Effects of atmospheric pressure, and of the partial pressures of CO2 and N2, on the growth rates of Anabaena sp. PCC 7938: Assessment and implications for cyanobacterium cultivation on Mars
Authors: Verseux Cyprien , Ramalho Tiago , Bohuon Emma , Kunst Nils , Lang Viktoria , Heinicke Christiane 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In situ resource utilization systems based on cyanobacteria could support the sustainability of crewed missions to Mars. However, their resource-efficiency will depend on the extent to which gases from the Martian atmosphere must be processed to support cyanobacterial growth. The main purpose of the present work is to help assess this extent. We therefore start with investigating the impact of changes in atmospheric conditions on the photoautotrophic, diazotrophic growth of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7938. We show that lowering atmospheric pressure from 1 bar down to 80 hPa, without changing the partial pressures of metabolizable gases, does not reduce growth rates. We also provide equations, analogous to Monod’s, that describe the dependence of growth rates on the partial pressures of CO2 and N2. We then outline the relationships between atmospheric pressure and composition, the minimal mass of a photobioreactor’s outer walls (which is dependent on the inner-outer pressure difference), and growth rates. Relying on these relationships, we demonstrate that the structural mass of a photobioreactor can be decreased – without affecting cyanobacterial productivity – by reducing the inner gas pressure. We argue, however, that this reduction would be small next to the equivalent system mass of the cultivation system. A greater impact on resource-efficiency could come from the selection of atmospheric conditions which minimize gas processing requirements while adequately supporting cyanobacterial growth. The data and equations we provide can help identify these conditions.
The optimal formulation of a readily compostable horticultural growing substrate for vertical farming was determined using Design of Experiments
Authors: Romo Jonathan M. , Smith Isabel N. , Galloway Michael , Cuthbertson Timothy J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

A novel, optimized, polysaccharide and biochar-based, compostable hydrogel horticultural growing substrate for use in hydroponics and vertical farming was created based upon empirical methods and statistical design of experiments (DOE). A 15-run D-optimal mixture DOE was completed that increased the 2-week plant growing ability of a five-component hydrogel nearly ten-fold from 4.3695 g to 41.2623 g per 100 plants. The data were analyzed using a standard least squares method with an effect screening emphasis, and a model was created that maximized the signal to noise ratio. There was a good correlation between the measured and predicted values of the model, with an r-squared value of 0.90. The predictions of efficacy and compostability were confirmed with subsequent experiments that showed the hydrogel was composted in less than 12 weeks and that the plant growth predicted by the model differed from the experimental growth by 0.65%. The resulting optimized formulation had a high fertilizer content for a growth medium. We therefore suggest that an empirical approach to formulation research can produce superior outcomes with a statistically designed study.
The effect of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on the distance travelled by reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the wilderness after clamp castration — a pilot study
Authors: Nurmi Hanna , Hänninen Laura , Laaksonen Sauli , Valros Anna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
During seasonal round-ups, free-grazing reindeer are gathered from natural pastures. Reindeer bulls removed from breeding are clamp castrated, traditionally without analgesia, and then released back into the wild. The new Finnish Animal Welfare Act requires the use of analgesia in painful procedures. A single dose of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam may maintain therapeutic plasma concentrations for 2–3 days in reindeer. No studies have been conducted on the effect of meloxicam on the behaviour of castrated reindeer in the wild after the procedure. We installed GPS collars on 16 male reindeer (5y, 130–160 kg), chosen to be castrated as a standard procedure during the round-up. Of these, eight were randomly selected to receive approximately 0.5 mg/kg of meloxicam subcutaneously (NSAID) and eight received no analgesia (TRAD). From the GPS data, we calculated the daily distances travelled by the reindeer during the three days after castration and analysed the differences between the treatments using a GEE model. Fixed factors were treatment (NSAID or TRAD), days (1–3) and hours, and the interactions between these variables.
Results
Overall, the mean ± sem daily distances travelled by NSAID and TRAD reindeer did not differ (6.60 ± 0.67 km vs. 8.60 ± 1.54 km) but the days differed: reindeer travelled longer daily and hourly distances on the 1st than the 3rd day and TRADs travelled longer distances than NSAIDs during the first day after castration (11.67 ± 2.25 km vs. 7.08 ± 0.61 km), with no difference observed on the 2nd or 3rd day (10.19 ± 3.87 km vs. 6.59 ± 0.85 km and 5.35 ± 0.39 km vs. 6.17 ± 0.70 m, respectively). Day- and night-time distances did not differ on the 1st day, but the daytime distances travelled on the 2nd and 3rd days were longer than during respective nights. The travelled daytime distances remained steady while night-time distances decreased. The daily rhythm was particularly broken with the more restless TRAD group.
Conclusions
Meloxicam may reduce restlessness in castrated reindeer in the wild for two days after castration. Further studies are needed on the use of analgesia and GPS collars for pain monitoring in freely grazing reindeer.
AI-based analysis of surgical outcomes in vitrectomy with and without cystotomy for refractory cystoid diabetic macular edema
Authors: Mitamura Mizuho , Saito Michiyuki , Hirooka Kiriko , Dong Zhenyu , Ando Ryo , Kase Satoru , Ishida Susumu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare surgical outcomes in vitrectomy with and without cystotomy for refractory cystoid diabetic macular edema (DME). This study enrolled 35 eyes of 29 patients who underwent vitrectomy for refractory DME. The eyes were divided into 2 groups, those undergoing vitrectomy with cystotomy (cystotomy group) (n = 8) and vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling only (ILM peeling group) (n = 27). The endpoints were central retinal thickness (CRT), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), macular fluid (MF) area. The MF area was determined and measured using a semantic segmentation model “Hokkaido University MF segmentation model” and subdivided into inner MF (IMF) area bounded by the inner nuclear layer (INL), and outer MF (OMF) area between the outer border of INL and ellipsoid zone. The cystotomy group showed a significant reduction in CRT at 1 month postoperatively compared to the ILM peeling group (P < 0.05). The cystotomy group preserved BCVA at 6 months postoperatively compared to preoperatively. There was a significant difference between the cystotomy and the ILM peeling groups in the reduction of the OMF area at 1 month postoperatively (P < 0.01). Cystotomy for refractory DME was more effective in reducing the OMF area.
Use of the REMA score to distinguish individuals with systemic mastocytosis from those with hereditary alpha-tryptasemia: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Jiang Maggie , Lebovic Gerald , Hicks Lisa K. , Trinkaus Martina , Nikonova Anna , Vadas Peter 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) and hereditary alpha-tryptasemia (HαT) may present with overlapping clinical manifestations of mast cell activation and are difficult to distinguish on clinical grounds. Diagnosis of SM requires bone marrow or tissue biopsy whereas HαT can be diagnosed with a buccal swab for genetic testing. Another potential way to differentiate SM from HαT is by means of a validated scoring system. One such score, the Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (Red Española de Mastocitosis or REMA) score has been validated as a predictor of mast cell clonality in SM using basal serum tryptase levels, clinical symptoms, and sex. This study aims to determine whether REMA scores differ sufficiently between individuals with SM and HαT so as to confidently rule in or out the need for more invasive investigations such as bone marrow or tissue biopsy.
METHODS
A retrospective chart review of 39 patients with SM and 24 patients with HαT was performed to calculate individual REMA scores. A two sample Wilcoxon test was conducted to assess the difference in median REMA scores between patients with SM and HαT. Subgroup analysis was done within the SM cohort to compare REMA scores based on KIT D816V mutation and SM subtype. Area under the curve was calculated to evaluate the discriminatory property of the REMA score.
RESULTS
Median REMA score within the SM cohort was 2 (0.50, 4.00) compared to -1 (-1.50, 0.00) within the HαT cohort (p < 0.001). REMA scores in patients with SM did not differ based on KIT mutation status. A REMA score cut-off of 0.5 was able to distinguish SM and HαT with a specificity of 83.3% (67%,96%).
CONCLUSION
This novel comparison of REMA scores in patients with SM and HαT highlights a potential role for calculated REMA score in informing decisions about the need for invasive testing in patients presenting with symptoms of mast cell activation. Larger, comparative studies should be performed before incorporating REMA scoring into routine care.
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Comparison of Results between Topical Estrogen Treatment for Postmenopausal Vaginal Atrophy and Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment
Authors: Atlıhan Ufuk , Ata Can , Avsar Huseyin Aytug , Yavuz Onur , erkilinc Selcuk , Bildaci Tevfik Berk 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
With the increasing life expectancy, postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy has become more prominent in current medical practice, given its impact on quality of life, sexual function, and pelvic floor health. PRP is considered safe and is a low-cost, simple, natural, and minimally invasive method for vaginal rejuvenation. We aim to compare the effects of hormonal treatment options and PRP application for postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy.
Materials and Methods
From a total of 66 patients, topical estrogen treatment was administered to 36 patients, while PRP treatment was performed for 30 patients who had previously received topical estrogen treatment without obtaining a response. To assess the impact of vulvovaginal atrophy and associated symptoms on the quality of life of patients, three different questionnaires, namely vaginal health index, female sexual function index, and vulvovaginal symptoms questionnaire, along with the visual analog scale, were administered at 4 weeks interval.
Results
In the assessment at the 12th week, the results obtained from the use of female sexual function index and vulvovaginal symptoms questionnaire in patients treated with PRP showed a significant difference compared to the results obtained from patients treated with topical estrogen (p: 0.004, p: 0.000).
Conclusion
Autologous platelet-rich plasma injection is a safe and effective minimal invasive monotherapy for postmenopausal VVA and, consequently, vulvovaginal rejuvenation. PRP injection has been regarded as a promising method for the treatment of VVA in postmenopausal patients with contraindications to hormone therapy and to improve hydration of the vaginal mucosa.
Desoxyrhaponticin attenuates M1 Macrophage Polarization via targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in RAW264.7 macrophage cells
Authors: Li Xueqing , Guo Suxiang , Lu Kongli , Qi Xiaohui , Xue Song , Lian Feng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Macrophages play a critical role in the inflammatory response and excessive activation of M1-type macrophages is detrimental to the repair following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Desoxyrhaponticin is an extract of Rheum tanguticum Maxim, a Chinese traditional nutrition food. Previous studies revealed that stilbene compounds of rhubarb possess anti-inflammatory activity, but no study has addressed whether Desoxyrhaponticin can regulate the polarization of macrophages to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Desoxyrhaponticin and the underlying mechanism.
Methods:
RAW264.7 cells were polarized to M1 macrophage by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of Desoxyrhaponticin. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression level of M1 macrophage marker. Western blotting was used to evaluate the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 were used to inhibit PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Results:
The obtained results revealed that Desoxyrhaponticin inhibits the M1 polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Conversely, PI3K inhibition by LY294002 exacerbated RAW264.7 macrophages polarization to the M1 type.
Conclusion:
Our study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of Desoxyrhaponticin via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway downregulation in RAW264.7 macrophages.
Comprehensive Analysis of Differentially Expressed lncRNAs in Papaver somniferum L.
Authors: GÜRKÖK TUĞBA , BUDAK Mahir , GÜÇLÜ Gülşen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential for transcription and are involved in a wide range of biological processes in plants. Although lncRNAs have been identified in various plants, research on those linked to alkaloid biosynthesis in Papaver somniferum L. is limited. In this study, the expression of lncRNAs in two opium poppy cultivars that produce different major alkaloids (morphine and noscapine) were analysed. A total of 8945 lncRNAs, mainly lincRNAs, were characterized in the two cultivars' tissues and were distributed unevenly across opium poppy chromosomes. Tissue-specific expression profiles of lncRNAs were observed, with a greater number expressed in capsules than in stems, indicating potential effectiveness in capsules, particularly in Munich. Cis-target genes of DELs were detected in 51.8% and 92.4% of the DELs in Munich and HN1, respectively, and were positioned in coding gene-rich regions. A limited number of studies have indicated the potential roles of lncRNAs in secondary metabolite biosynthesis; 7 DELs targeting 12 genes in the BIA pathway, which are mainly involved in morphine biosynthesis, were predicted in Munich, while HN1 targeted 15 genes related to BIA biosynthesis. The F-box gene family abundance suggested potential roles in development, stress response, and secondary metabolism. GO and KEGG analyses suggested regulatory roles in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and starch/sucrose metabolism. This study highlights the potential regulatory roles of lncRNAs in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in opium poppy.
Identify Key Genes of Ferroptosis and reveals its relationship with immune in Gliomas of different grades: Integrative Analysis from Bioinformatics
Authors: Zhang Maoxin , Cheng Yuan , Ma Ping , Yue Jianhe , Huang Ning , Tao Fang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Glioma is one of the most prevalent primary brain tumors, categorized into lower-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG), with an annual incidence ranging from 3 to 6 per 100,000 individuals. The genesis and progression of glioma entail complex processes that encompass diverse cellular and molecular mechanisms. By examining the transition of glioma from low grade to high grade, we can unravel its pathophysiological mechanisms and establish a foundation for identifying new therapeutic targets and drugs.Ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in gliomas, linked to critical biological processes including cell proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance.Understanding the role of ferroptosis in glioma onset and progression holds promise for identifying novel targets and strategies in glioma therapy.In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis with different grades of glioma, leveraging gene expression data from TCGA and GEO databases. Our integration of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and ferroptosis drivers revealed a selection of genes, notably DPP4, TFRC, and TIMP1, as significant players in glioma-associated ferroptosis regulation. Validation through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and ferroptosis inhibition confirmed their relevance in glioma pathogenesis. Additionally, our systematic evaluation unveiled the prognostic value of these genes in glioma treatment and their potential impact on immune infiltration dynamics. These findings provide critical insights into ferroptosis-related mechanisms in glioma and offer promising avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions.