bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Runout analysis of a large rockfall in the Dolomites/Italian Alps using LIDAR derived particle sizes and shapes
Authors: Haas Florian , Heckmann Tobias , Wichmann Volker , Becht Michael 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTLiDAR data were used to quantify and analyse a rockfall event which occurred in 2003 in the Western Dolomites (Italian Alps). In addition to previously existing airborne laserscanning (ALS) data, high resolution terrestrial laserscanning (TLS) data were collected. By using the original point clouds, the volume, axial ratio and runout length of single boulders as well as the surface roughness in the runout zone of the rockfall were derived. The total volume of the rockfall event of approximately 10 000 m³ was estimated by a reconstruction of the pre‐event surface at the detachment zone. The analysis of the laser scanning data of the accumulation zone revealed a power law scaling for boulder volumes larger than 8 m³. The dependence of runout length on boulder volume is complex; it is moderated by particle sphericity.In addition, we used ALS and TLS data to derive the spatial distribution of surface roughness on the talus cone. TLS allow for more accurate roughness mapping than ALS data, but for most applications the point density of ALS data seems to be sufficiently high to derive measures of roughness. Different sampling approaches for plane fitting on the scale of 5 m did not show significant effects besides the computational time. The results of our analyses provide important perspectives for rockfall modelling and process understanding with potential applications in both ‘applied’ (natural hazards) and ‘pure’ geomorphological research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the Hotel Service Personnel's Cognitive Implications toward Service Attributes and Ethics
Authors: Lin Chin‐Feng 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIt is extremely important for service personnel to have high ethical standards, be committed to the business, and be willing to serve customers well, as this can help their employer to gain a competitive advantage. This study adopted the Kano model and proposed a service ethics scale to explore service personnel's cognitive implications toward hotel service attributes and ethics. Based on a literature review and expert interviews, this study summarized 40 service ethics variables. A total of 438 responses from hotel service personnel were collected. Through factor analysis, seven dimensions (factors) of service ethic measurement were confirmed. The analytical results showed that hotel attributes within the “service attitude” and “room facilities” factors are evaluated as attractive and one‐dimensional qualities by the service personnel with high ethical standards. Such attributes should thus be a focus of hotels to increase the level of customer satisfaction. Finally, the limitations and managerial implications of this work, as well as directions for future research, are also provided. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ergonomics Improvement in Order Selection in a Refrigerated Environment
Authors: Yeow Paul H. P. , Goomas David T. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe purpose was to conduct an ergonomics improvement in the order selection process in a refrigerated dairy factory. The workers' task was to pick dairy products to fulfill orders. Plant walkthroughs, unstructured interviews, and direct observation methods were used to study the existing process and problems. Ergonomics intervention was made by introducing a wireless handheld scanning system. A field experiment was carried out to compare the conventional paper pick list with the new system. Results indicated that workers faced difficulty in the paper pick list system, that is, to grasp a clipboard, turn pages, and place marks while wearing thick gloves. The new system eliminated this problem, and because of its ergonomics visual and audio feedback properties and more efficient process, it increased productivity (by 8.4%) and workers' satisfaction, simplified tasks, improved work quality, and reduced delay in invoicing. Replicating the intervention, other process‐based manufacturing companies may reap similar benefits. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Co‐expression of CD133+/CD44+ in human colon cancer and liver metastasis
Authors: Bellizzi Antonia , Sebastian Sinto , Ceglia Pasquale , Centonze Matteo , Divella Rosa , Manzillo Elvira Foglia , Azzariti Amalia , Silvestris Nicola , Montemurro Severino , Caliandro Cosimo , De Luca Raffaele , Cicero Giuseppe , Rizzo Sergio , Russo Antonio , Quaranta Michele , Simone Giovanni , Paradiso Angelo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAlthough relatively good therapeutic results are achieved in non‐advanced cancer, the prognosis of the advanced colon cancer still remains poor, dependent on local or distant recurrence of the disease. One of the factors responsible for recurrence is supposed to be cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor‐initiating cells, which are a population of cancer cells with ability to perpetuate themselves through self‐renewal and to generate differentiated cells, thought to be responsible for tumor recurrence. This study globally approach the possible role of tissue‐derived stem cells in the initiation of colon cancer and its metastatic process in the liver. Fresh surgical specimens from colon cancer, non‐tumor tissue and liver metastasis were obtained directly from the operating room, examined, and immediately processed. CSCs were selected under serum‐free conditions and characterized by CD44 and CD133 expression levels. CD133+/CD44+ cell populations were then investigated in paraffin‐embedded tissues and circulating tumor cells isolated from peripheral blood of the same group of colon cancer patients. Our data demonstrate that metastatic properties of cell populations from blood and liver metastasis, differently from primitive tumors, seem to be strictly related to the phenotype CD133 positive and CD44 positive. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 408–415, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bovine lactoferricin is anti‐inflammatory and anti‐catabolic in human articular cartilage and synovium
Authors: Yan Dongyao , Chen Di , Shen Jie , Xiao Guozhi , van Wijnen Andre J. , Im Hee‐Jeong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBovine lactoferricin (LfcinB) is a multi‐functional peptide derived from proteolytic cleavage of bovine lactoferrin. LfcinB was found to antagonize the biological effects mediated by angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2) in endothelial cells. However, the effect of LfcinB on human articular cartilage remained unknown. Here, our findings demonstrate that LfcinB restored the proteoglycan loss promoted by catabolic factors (interleukin‐1β) IL‐1β and FGF‐2 in vitro and ex vivo. Mechanistically, LfcinB attenuated the effects of IL‐1β and FGF‐2 on the expression of cartilage‐degrading enzymes (MMP‐1, MMP‐3, and MMP‐13), destructive cytokines (IL‐1β and IL‐6), and inflammatory mediators (iNOS and TLR2). LfcinB induced protective cytokine expression (IL‐4 and IL‐10), and downregulated aggrecanase basal expression. LfcinB specifically activated ERK MAPK and Akt signaling pathways, which may account for its anti‐inflammatory activity. We also revealed that LfcinB exerted similar protective effects on human synovial fibroblasts challenged by IL‐1β, with minimal cytotoxicity. Collectively, our results suggest that LfcinB possesses potent anti‐catabolic and anti‐inflammatory bioactivities in human articular tissues, and may be utilized for the prevention and/or treatment of OA in the future. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 447–456, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Complexity Dichotomy for the Coloring of Sparse Graphs
Authors: Esperet Louis , Montassier Mickaël , Ochem Pascal , Pinlou Alexandre 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGalluccio, Goddyn, and Hell proved in 2001 that in any minor‐closed class of graphs, graphs with large enough girth have a homomorphism to any given odd cycle. In this paper, we study the computational aspects of this problem. Let be a monotone class of graphs containing all planar graphs, and closed under clique‐sum of order at most two. Examples of such class include minor‐closed classes containing all planar graphs, and such that all minimal obstructions are 3‐connected. We prove that for any k and g, either every graph of girth at least g in has a homomorphism to , or deciding whether a graph of girth g in has a homomorphism to is NP‐complete. We also show that the same dichotomy occurs when considering 3‐Colorability or acyclic 3‐Colorability of graphs under various notions of density that are related to a question of Havel (On a conjecture of Grünbaum, J Combin Theory Ser B 7 (1969), 184–186) and a conjecture of Steinberg (The state of the three color problem, Quo Vadis, Graph theory?, Ann Discrete Math 55 (1993), 211–248) about the 3‐Colorability of sparse planar graphs.
Universal primers for species authentication of animal foodstuff in a single polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Horreo Jose L , Ardura Alba , Pola Ivan G , Martinez Jose L , Garcia‐Vazquez Eva 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: There are many DNA‐based systems for detecting animal species present in food and food products, applicable for food quality control and authentication. However, most (if not all) methods require more than one pair of primers and cannot be applied over a wide taxonomic range, e.g. identifying vertebrates and invertebrates with the same primers and protocols.RESULTS: A pair of primers is described here that allows in a single polymerase chain reaction the identification of animal species in food and processed (precooked, canned or smoked) food products over a wide taxonomic range.CONCLUSION: These primers permit the identification of most animal taxa employed in human nutrition, from invertebrates such as molluscs to higher vertebrates, distinguishing between species of the same genus. The short fragment amplified within the 16S rDNA exhibits phylogenetic value and could be considered universal based on the wide taxonomic range assayed. The primers are easy to use and accessible for laboratories with a modest budget, as well as being valuable for consumer information and to reveal food fraud. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Distributed Fascinating Knowledge Over an Online Travel Community
Authors: Ku Edward C. S. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe research goal of this study was to investigate how website design quality and website service quality affect participation behavior in the online travel community by moderating tacit knowledge and commitment.The design of the questionnaire linked it to the invitation message on the three travel communities, of which 235 were returned completed. The finding of the study shows that an online travel community that allows quick manipulation capabilities is likely to attract its members. To succeed, online travel communities have to rethink the way in which they embrace a new art of dialog and collaboration with their members. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TRENDS IN VEGETATION PATCHINESS LOSS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR LANDSCAPE FUNCTION: THE CASE OF PTERONIA INCANA INVASION IN THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Kakembo V. , Ndlela S. , Cammeraat E. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe invader shrub Pteronia incana has colonised extensive areas in communal villages, commercial farms and game reserves in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The spatial and temporal trends in patchiness dynamics for P. incana and their implications for landscape connectivity and functionality were analysed at the hillslope scale in one of the affected catchments. High‐resolution imagery for 2001, 2004 and 2009 was used to analyse the temporal changes in patchiness loss. Spatial metrics, namely landscape shape index (LSI), percentage of landscape (PLand) and largest patch index (LPI) were used to depict patchiness trends. Vegetation patterning was examined in the field along transects in order to determine the landscape organisation index (LOI) and characterise selected components of the landscape function analysis. Sediment sinks in the form of run‐on zones were also surveyed.Temporal trends analysed between 2001 and 2009 showed an increase in P. incana patchiness loss, as confirmed by a 75 per cent increase in the LSI, a decrease in PLand and LPI from 42·64 to 38·02 per cent and 25·98 to 20·52 per cent, respectively. The average inter‐patch length increased, and LOI decreased in a downslope direction. A progressive increase in rill density per 200 m and the development of gullies on the lower slope elements were also observed. Such increased connectivity is an indication of a trajectory towards hillslope dysfunctionality. The presence of run‐on zones within microtopographic concavities on the hillslope units provides isolated elements of functionality in the hillslope systems. These zones are recommended as starting points in restoration efforts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of surface forces and surface roughness on squeeze thin film of elastohydrodynamic lubricated spherical conjunction
Authors: Chu Li‐Ming , Lin Jaw‐Ren , Chang Yuh‐Ping , Li Wang‐Long 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe pure squeeze thin film elastohydrodynamic lubrication motion of circular contacts with effects of surface forces and surface roughness taken into account is explored under constant load conditions. The coupled transient stochastic Reynolds, elasticity deformation, the load balance, surface forces (hydrodynamic, solvation and van der Waals pressure) and lubricant rheology equations were solved simultaneously by using the finite difference method and the Gauss–Seidel iteration method. The simulation results reveal that the differences between radial type roughness and circular type roughness problems are apparent as the film thickness is thinner than 5 nm. The oscillation phenomena in pressure and film thickness come mainly from the action of solvation forces. The effects of surface forces become significant as the film thickness becomes thinner. The film thickness with circular type roughness is thicker than that with radial type roughness. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transmission resonance induced by a δ‐like defect in the Fano–Anderson model with two Fano defects
Authors: Nguyen Ba Phi , Kim Kihong , Rotermund Fabian , Lim Hanjo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe study theoretically the propagation of waves in a discrete linear chain with two side‐coupled Fano defects and one δ‐like defect, using a modified Fano–Anderson model. Two separate cases, where the Fano defects are coupled to the chain by on‐site coupling or by inter‐site coupling, are considered. We find that the transmission behavior is very sensitive to whether the distance between the Fano defects and the δ‐like defect, l, is even or odd. In the on‐site coupling case, we find that for even values of l, the Fano–Feshbach resonance is sustained in the presence of a δ‐like defect, but the position of the transmission peak is shifted and its shape becomes asymmetric. In the inter‐site coupling case, the width of the asymmetric Fano resonance can be tuned by changing the coupling constants. When l is odd in the inter‐site coupling case, we find that there exist two resonant transmissions in addition to the perfect reflection. In general, the δ‐like defect strongly influences on the transmission resonance but does not alter the perfect reflection.
On the steady‐state error of a nonlinear regulator
Authors: Li Ranran , Khalil Hassan K. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThis paper proves a new property of the nonlinear regulators that proposed in two previous papers by the second author with co‐workers. In both papers, the steady‐state control is immersed into a linear internal model. In general, the model produces the sinusoidal signals generated by an exosystem, as well as a number of their harmonics, which are induced by the system's nonlinearities. When the internal model does not account for all harmonics or when the model's characteristic frequencies are not exactly those of the exosystem, there will be an error between the steady‐state control needed to achieve zero steady‐state regulation error and the steady‐state control produced by the internal model. If the norm of this error is bounded by a constant δ, it has been shown that the steady‐state regulation error will be of the order O(δ). In this paper, we prove a shaper result where the steady‐state regulation error is shown to be of the order O(μδ), where μ is a design parameter of a continuously implemented sliding mode controller. Therefore, the regulation error can be reduced by decreasing μ. This result allows us to trade off the accuracy of the internal model versus the value of μ as means of reducing the regulation error.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced security and reliability with MIMO communications for smart grid
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Lijun , Deokar Amit , Liang Qilian 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAs a critical infrastructure element, smart grid is facing security and reliability challenges. In this paper, we have investigated the real‐time communication between a smart meter and the central control system, a component that provides centralized monitoring and performs control operations for the power grid. To combat severe communication impairments induced by malicious attacks or link failures, we propose to implement space–time block coding over multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver. We first investigated the security challenges from malicious attacks, in which the malicious attacks of additive pattern were primarily addressed. Reliability challenges from link failure were then considered. Finally present were extensive numerical studies on multiple‐link attacks, multiple‐link failures and receiver with detection scenarios. Simulations showed that additive malicious attacks and link failures could be effectively mitigated in virtue of space–time block coding. Meanwhile, it is verified that more antennas will give more diversity gain and better performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blocking spam by separating end‐user machines from legitimate mail server machines
Authors: Sanchez Fernando , Duan Zhenhai , Dong Yingfei 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSpamming botnets present a critical challenge in the control of spam messages because of the sheer volume and wide spread of the botnet members. In this paper, we advocate the approach for recipient mail servers to filter messages directly delivered from remote end‐user (EU) machines, given that the majority of spamming bots are EU machines. We develop a support vector machine (SVM)‐based classifier to separate EU machines from legitimate mail server (LMS) machines, using a set of machine features that cannot be easily manipulated by spammers. We investigate the efficacy and performance of the SVM‐based classifier using a number of real‐world data sets. Our performance studies show that the SVM‐based classifier is indeed a feasible and effective approach in distinguishing EU machines from LMS machines. For example, training and testing on an aggregated data set containing both EU machines and LMS machines, on average, we found that the SVM‐based classifier can achieve a 99.25 % detection accuracy, with very small false positive rate (0.35%) and false negative rate (1.27%), significantly outperforming eight Domain Name System‐based blacklists widely used today. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy security: challenges and needs
Authors: Sovacool Benjamin K. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis review article describes four broad categories of emerging global energy security threats. After defining energy security, it discusses threats related to the availability of energy resources and fuels, the affordability of the services they provide, the efficiency of their use, and the effective management of their negative environmental and social impacts, notably climate change. It concludes by noting how the energy security of many industrialized and developing countries has eroded over the past few decades and proposes potential areas of future research.This article is categorized under:Energy Infrastructure > Economics and PolicyEnergy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy
Review of IPCC working group III findings on the impact of energy policy options on GHG emissions
Authors: Lee Hoesung , Haites Erik 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWorking Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has assessed mitigation options for the past 20 years. This paper reviews its assessments of bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean energy, solar, wind, nuclear, and carbon capture and storage (CCS), respectively, over that period. The assessments of hydropower, nuclear, and geothermal tend to focus on the social, economic, and environmental considerations that inhibit expansion of these mature technologies. The assessments of bioenergy, solar, and wind reflect their technological progress and market penetration. Assessments of ocean energy and CCS conclude they are likely to make only a modest contribution to mitigation efforts by 2030. The paper also reviews the assessments of policies to promote low carbon energy technologies.This article is categorized under:

Energy and Climate > Economics and Policy
Energy and Climate > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy and Climate > Climate and Environment
Degradation of mRNAs that lack a stop codon: a decade of nonstop progress
Authors: Klauer A. Alejandra , van Hoof Ambro 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNonstop decay is the mechanism of identifying and disposing aberrant transcripts that lack in‐frame stop codons. It is hypothesized that these transcripts are identified during translation when the ribosome arrives at the 3′ end of the mRNA and stalls. Presumably, the ribosome stalling recruits additional cofactors, Ski7 and the exosome complex. The exosome degrades the transcript using either one of its ribonucleolytic activities, and the ribosome and the peptide are both released. Additional precautionary measures by the nonstop decay pathway may include translational repression of the nonstop transcript after translation, and proteolysis of the released peptide by the proteasome. This surveillance mechanism protects the cells from potentially harmful truncated proteins, but it may also be involved in mediating critical cellular functions of transcripts that are prone to stop codon read‐through. Important advances have been made in the past decade as we learn that nonstop decay may have implications in human disease. WIREs RNA 2012 doi: 10.1002/wrna.1124This article is categorized under:

RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
Regulation of mammalian gene expression by exogenous microRNAs
Authors: Liang Hongwei , Huang Lei , Cao Jingjing , Zen Ke , Chen Xi , Zhang Chen‐Yu 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCommunication between cells ensures coordination of behavior. In prokaryotes, this signaling is usually referred to as quorum sensing, while eukaryotic cells communicate through hormones. In recent years, a growing number of reports have shown that small signaling molecules produced by organisms from different kingdoms of nature can facilitate cross‐talk, communication, or signal interference. This trans‐kingdom communication (also termed as trans‐kingdom signaling or inter‐kingdom signaling) mediates symbiotic and pathogenic relationships between various organisms (e.g., microorganisms and their hosts). Strikingly, it has been discovered that microRNAs (miRNAs)—single‐stranded noncoding RNAs with an average length of 22 nt—can be transmitted from one species to another, inducing posttranscriptional gene silencing in distant species, even in a cross‐kingdom fashion. Here, we discuss several recent studies concerning miRNA‐mediated cross‐kingdom gene regulation. WIREs RNA 2012 doi: 10.1002/wrna.1127This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA Processing > Capping and 5' End Modifications
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development