bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban School Displacement: The Resettlement of a Community School
Authors: HALPERIN RHODA H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe East End Community Heritage School (EECHS) was originally established in a diverse working class riverfront neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio. EECHS has now been displaced to a third location outside of its community of origin. The displacements generate increased levels of routine, everyday violence for the kids and raise questions about the school's sustainability, the community served by the school, the possibilities of a working class imagined community in the school, and the impacts, financial, educational and ideological, of school resettlement on families, children and youth.
Female Genital Tract Secretions and Semen Impact the Development of Microbicides for the Prevention of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Herold Betsy C. , Mesquita Pedro M. , Madan Rebecca P. , Keller Marla J. 
Published: December 2010

Citation  Herold BC, Mesquita PM, Madan RP, Keller MJ. Female genital tract secretions and semen impact the development of microbicides for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 65: 325–333Pharmacologic strategies for the prevention of HIV include vaccines, post‐exposure prophylaxis with antiretroviral therapy, and topical microbicides. Vaginal microbicides have the potential to augment innate defenses in the genital tract but may also disrupt endogenous protection and increase HIV acquisition risk, as observed in clinical trials of nonoxynol‐9. The initially disappointing results of microbicide clinical trials stimulated the development of more sensitive and comprehensive pre‐clinical safety studies, which include dual‐chamber culture systems to model the epithelial barrier and post‐coital studies to evaluate the effects of semen and sexual intercourse on microbicide efficacy. This review discusses the key factors that contribute to a healthy female genital tract environment, the impact of semen on mucosal defense, and how our understanding of these mediators informs the development of effective vaginal microbicides.
Biology of the Male Reproductive Tract: Its Cellular and Morphological Considerations
Authors: Bronson Richard 
Published: December 2010

Citation  Bronson R. Biology of the male reproductive tract: Its cellular and morphological considerations. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 65: 212–219For many years, the focus of attention in the study of semen has been on spermatozoa, its major cellular component, given their importance in the process of reproduction, and the role of the seminal fluid as their transport medium. More recently, evidence has accumulated of the complexity of seminal fluid, its components that perturb the female reproductive tract in ways promoting both survival of spermatozoa there‐in and facilitating the implantation of embryos within the endometrium, hence initiating pregnancy. These same factors, however, may also make the female reproductive tract susceptible to invasion not only by spermatozoa but viruses, playing a significant role in the male‐to‐female transmission of HIV. Knowledge of the histology, anatomy, and immunology of the male reproductive tract is essential in understanding its role in HIV pathogenesis.
The effectiveness of health promotion materials and activities on breastfeeding outcomes
Authors: Pannu PK , Giglia RC , Binns CW , Scott JA , Oddy WH 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAim:  To determine the effect of mothers receiving health promotion material and education antenatally and/or postnatally on breastfeeding outcomes in Perth, Western Australia.Methods:  A 12‐month longitudinal study was conducted in two public maternity hospitals in Perth, Western Australia, between 2002 and 2003. Data were collected on a consecutive sample 587 mothers.Results:  The results showed that mothers who received an individual consultation or were involved in a discussion on breastfeeding antenatally with hospital staff were approximately 55% less likely to cease fully breastfeeding (HR 0.44; 95% CI 0.24–0.88) before 6 months, and 50% less likely to cease any breastfeeding before 12 months postnatally (HR 0.51; 95% CI 0.28–0.92). In the postnatal period, mothers who received instruction on positioning and attachment of the infant to the breast while in hospital were approximately 30% less likely to cease fully breastfeeding before 6 months (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.45–0.99).Conclusion:  The results of this study suggest a positive association between receiving individualized breastfeeding information in both the antenatal and postnatal period, and breastfeeding outcomes.
Employment and Volunteering for Adults With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Trembath David , Balandin Susan , Stancliffe Roger J. , Togher Leanne 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEmployment is a fundamental part of adult life. Adults with intellectual disability (ID) face multiple barriers to employment, however, and are underrepresented in the paid workforce. Formal volunteering has been promoted as both a stepping stone and an alternative to employment for some adults with disability. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of research findings relating to volunteering and employment for work‐age adults with ID. Few studies have examined the experiences of adults with ID who volunteer. The findings indicate that volunteering alone is unlikely to lead to employment for adults with ID. However, some adults with ID view volunteering as a meaningful and desirable alternative to paid work. There is a need for further research to examine the relationship between volunteering and employment for adults with ID. In addition, there is a need for practice guidelines to ensure that the outcomes for adults with ID who volunteer, and those who seek paid employment, are successful.
Career Interests and Self‐Efficacy Beliefs Among Young Adults With an Intellectual Disability
Authors: Nota Laura , Ginevra Maria Cristina , Carrieri Loredana 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWork is important for people with disabilities, and fosters their career development and quality of life. Findings from social cognitive theory suggest that transition to work and work inclusion processes should be based on opportunities to explore the world of work, awareness of professional options (of which people with an intellectual disability (ID) frequently have little knowledge), and consideration of career interests and self‐efficacy beliefs. The present study was aimed at verifying whether people with ID present interests and self‐efficacy beliefs in less complex occupations, and whether self‐efficacy beliefs can predict career interests, similar to results observed with individuals without ID. The study also investigated differences associated with ID level and with gender. One hundred and twenty‐nine young adults with ID were interviewed about their interests in and self‐efficacy beliefs concerning occupations in six different occupational areas (e.g., realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional). Results showed that participants with ID tended to be interested in, and have higher self‐efficacy belief levels, in low‐to‐mid‐complexity occupations and also showed the predictive role of self‐efficacy beliefs. Contrary to our expectations, however, no ID level or gender effects were observed. The findings underscore the importance of very early vocational guidance activities that emphasize these aspects in helping persons with ID set their professional goals.
Women surgeons in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Sharon Wing‐Wai , Cheung Polly Suk‐Yee , Lee Janet Fung‐Yee , Fung James Tak‐Kwan , Patil Nivritti G. , Kwok Samuel Po‐Yin , Lam Siu‐Ho 
Published: December 2010

Objective:  To survey Hong Kong women surgeon's current situation: their ability to balance career, personal and family life, and to look into some gender‐specific issues.Methods:  A 28‐item questionnaire online survey was emailed to 142 female and 761 male surgeons with questions asking about four areas: demographic data, job satisfaction, work life balance and work opportunity.Results:  Fifty‐eight female and 114 male surgeons completed the questionnaire. The mean age of female surgeon respondents was significantly younger than male surgeon respondents (33 vs 43 years, P < 0.001). Both female and male surgeons worked long hours (70% female and 64% male worked >= 60 hours per week, P = 0.402); however, both felt satisfied or very satisfied with their current job situation (74% female and 76% male, P = 0.536) and were happy or very happy with other aspects of their lives (84% female and 82% male). More male respondents were married (83% male vs 35 % female, P < 0.001) and more married men had biological children at the time of the survey (83% male vs 62% female, P = 0.034). Both married males and females had family commitments affecting training, career advancement and overseas training. The majority of male and female surgeons did not experience discrimination during training or career advancement; however, more females felt discriminated against during selection and training processes (25% female vs 12% male, P = 0.001) and during career advancement (18% female vs 10% male, P = 0.013).Conclusion:  Our survey results showed that both female and male surgeons are able to combine productive careers with satisfactory personal and family lives. However, both female and male surgeons faced many difficulties in their working lives; women may have more difficulties regarding family issues, as our survey showed that more women surgeons remained single and more married women surgeons had no children. Policies that facilitate a work life balance are important to attract and retain the best and talented physicians, regardless of sex. In view of the increasing number of women surgeons, frequent surveys are needed to determine whether women surgeons experience a working environment that ensures a level playing field.
Is E‐mail Communication a Feasible Method to Interview Young People With Mental Health Problems?
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Walter Garry 
Published: December 2010

TOPIC:  E‐mail interviewing—not to be confused with “online surveying”—shows promise for researchers working with adolescent mental health populations as a data collection method.PURPOSE:  To explore potential advantages, constraints, and applications of e‐mail interviewing as a research method for staff working with adolescent mental health populations.CONCLUSIONS:  At face value, there appear to be several advantages to e‐mail interviewing with young populations and further exploration of this method is warranted.
Regulatory harmonization and agricultural biotechnology in Argentina and China: Critical assessment of state‐centered and decentered approaches
Authors: van Zwanenberg Patrick , Ely Adrian , Smith Adrian , Chuanbo Chen , Shijun Ding , Fazio Maria‐Eugenia , Goldberg Laura 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe international harmonization of technology‐related regulations seeks certain norms across diverse contexts. Harmonization efforts are based primarily on the promulgation of state‐centered command and control forms of regulation, though they may also be accompanied by the diffusion of more plural approaches that are decentered from the state. We contrast the ways in which the “proper” use of transgenic cotton seed technologies is understood in harmonizing regulations with the way this technology is used in practice in regions of Argentina and China. We find divergence that poses challenges for both state‐centered and decentered approaches to harmonization. While state‐centered approaches are blind to some critical processes on the ground, decentered strategies are found wanting in situations where norms remain deeply contested amongst actors situated in very uneven power relations. In both cases, we find that establishing and securing norms that are socially just and environmentally sustainable means attending much more explicitly to the political economies in which technological practices actually take root.
Plunging epidermal cyst of the floor of the mouth in a young child
Authors: Kamadjaja D.B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEpidermal (epidermoid) cysts are considered rare lesions in the oral cavity. They may be present early in life and are confined to one anatomical area but they are usually excised later in life when they eventually cause discomfort, difficulty in swallowing or cosmetic problems. In rare cases, however, they may rapidly enlarge in young individuals, in which case, early excisions of the cysts are required. A case of a large epidermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth extending extraorally in a 3‐year‐old boy is presented. It is likely that the cyst originated intraorally, which then enlarged and involved the submandibular and the neck region; therefore, the term ‘plunging epidermal cyst’ is used in this case. Ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology suggested the diagnosis of either dermoid or epidermoid cyst. The lesion was surgically excised under general anaesthesia, and because of its large size, the surgery was done with combined intraoral and extraoral approach. The histopathology report of the lesion confirmed the diagnosis of epidermal cyst. One‐year follow‐up review revealed no recurrence of the cyst.
Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 August 2010 – 30 September 2010
Authors:   Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium, AGGARWAL RAMESH K. , ALLAINGUILLAUME JOEL , BAJAY M. M. , BARTHWAL SANTAN , BERTOLINO P. , CHAUHAN PRITI , CONSUEGRA SOFIA , CROXFORD ADAM , DALTON DESIRÉ L. , Den BELDER E. , DÍAZ‐FERGUSON E. , DOUGLAS M. R. , DREES MICHAEL , ELDERSON J. , ESSELINK G. D. , FERNÁNDEZ‐MANJARRÉS J. F. , FRASCARIA‐LACOSTE N. , GÄBLER‐SCHWARZ STEFFI , De LEANIZ CARLOS GARCIA , GINWAL H. S. , GOODISMAN MICHAEL A. D. , GUO BAOLING , HAMILTON M. B. , HAYES PAUL K. , HONG YAN , KAJITA TADASHI , KALINOWSKI STEVEN T. , KELLER LAURENT , KOOP BEN F. , KOTZÉ ANTOINETTE , LALREMRUATA ALBERT , LEESE FLORIAN , LI CHUNHONG , LIEW W. Y. , MARTINELLI S. , MATTHEWS EMILY A. , MEDLIN LINDA K. , MESSMER AMBER M. , MEYER ELISABETH I. , MONTEIRO M. , MOYER G. R. , JOHN NELSON R. , NGUYEN THUY T. T. , OMOTO C. , ONO JUNYA , PAVINATO V. A. C. , PEARCY MORGAN , PINHEIRO J. B. , POWER L. D. , RAWAT ANITA , REUSCH THORSTEN B. H. , SANDERSON DAN , SANNIER J. , SATHE SANTOSH , SHERIDAN C. K. , SMULDERS M. J. M. , SUKGANAH A. , TAKAYAMA KOJI , TAMURA MARIKO , TATEISHI YOICHI , VANHAECKE DELPHINE , VU NINH V. , WICKNESWARI R. , WILLIAMS A. S. , WIMP G. M. , WITTE VOLKER , ZUCCHI M. I. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article documents the addition of 229 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acacia auriculiformis × Acacia mangium hybrid, Alabama argillacea, Anoplopoma fimbria, Aplochiton zebra, Brevicoryne brassicae, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Bucorvus leadbeateri, Delphacodes detecta, Tumidagena minuta, Dictyostelium giganteum, Echinogammarus berilloni, Epimedium sagittatum, Fraxinus excelsior, Labeo chrysophekadion, Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi, Paratrechina longicornis, Phaeocystis antarctica, Pinus roxburghii and Potamilus capax. These loci were cross‐tested on the following species: Acacia peregrinalis, Acacia crassicarpa, Bruguiera cylindrica, Delphacodes detecta, Tumidagena minuta, Dictyostelium macrocephalum, Dictyostelium discoideum, Dictyostelium purpureum, Dictyostelium mucoroides, Dictyostelium rosarium, Polysphondylium pallidum, Epimedium brevicornum, Epimedium koreanum, Epimedium pubescens, Epimedium wushanese and Fraxinus angustifolia.
A noninvasive, direct real‐time PCR method for sex determination in multiple avian species
Authors: BRUBAKER JESSICA L. , KAROUNA‐RENIER NATALIE K. , CHEN YU , JENKO KATHRYN , SPRAGUE DANIEL T. , HENRY PAULA F. P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based methods to determine the sex of birds are well established and have seen few modifications since they were first introduced in the 1990s. Although these methods allowed for sex determination in species that were previously difficult to analyse, they were not conducive to high‐throughput analysis because of the laboriousness of DNA extraction and gel electrophoresis. We developed a high‐throughput real‐time PCR‐based method for analysis of sex in birds, which uses noninvasive sample collection and avoids DNA extraction and gel electrophoresis.
Evaluation of DNA melting analysis as a tool for species identification
Authors: Winder Louise , Phillips Craig , Richards Nicky , Ochoa‐Corona Francisco , Hardwick Scott , Vink Cor J. , Goldson Stephen 
Published: December 2010

Summary 1. One of the ongoing challenges in molecular biology is to develop rapid, accurate and reliable techniques to identify organisms. This contribution evaluates the value of DNA melt peak analysis for the identification of pests and pathogens significant to biosecurity. 2. The method evaluated in this study capitalises on the observation that double‐stranded DNA separates into single strands (melts) at a temperature dependant on the nucleotide sequence of the DNA strands. The temperature and shape of melt peaks from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products using standard primers and amplification protocols were evaluated for species identification, and the advantages of this method over agarose gel electrophoresis exemplified. 3. Three insect (weevil) species were discriminated by the melt profile shape and temperature of their cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) PCR product using order‐specific universal primers. 4. Three of four arachnid (tick) species were discriminated by the melt profile shape and temperature of their COI and 18S PCR product using order‐specific universal primers. 5. Plum pox virus‐specific primers amplified only the target virus that was verified by its unique melt temperature rather than by conventional staining of the amplicon on an electrophoretic gel. 6. Melt peak analysis is a useful and robust tool for the rapid detection of PCR products and the identification of organisms. An efficiency study revealed this technique required half the time input, and cost half as much, as PCR followed by AGE.
Subcooled Water Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in a Short SUS304-Tube With Twisted-Tape Insert
Authors: Hata Koichi , Masuzaki Suguru 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe subcooled boiling heat transfer and the steady-state critical heat fluxes (CHFs) in a short SUS304-tube with twisted-tape insert are systematically measured for mass velocities (G=4016–13,850 kg/m2 s), inlet liquid temperatures (Tin=285.82–363.96 K), outlet pressures (Pout=764.76–889.02 kPa), and exponentially increasing heat input (Q=Q0 exp(t/τ), τ=8.5 s) by the experimental water loop comprised of a multistage canned-type circulation pump controlled by an inverter. The SUS304 test tube of inner diameter (d=6 mm), heated length (L=59.5 mm), effective length (Leff=49.1 mm), L/d(=9.92), Leff/d(=8.18), and wall thickness (δ=0.5 mm) with average surface roughness (Ra=3.18 μm) is used in this work. The SUS304 twisted tape with twist ratio, y(=H/d=(pitch of 180 deg rotation)/d), of 3.39 is used. The relation between inner surface temperature and heat flux for the SUS304-tube with the twisted-tape insert are clarified from nonboiling to CHF. The subcooled boiling heat transfer for SUS304-tube with the twisted-tape insert is compared with our empty SUS304-tube data and the values calculated by our and other workers’ correlations for the subcooled boiling heat transfer. The influences of the twisted-tape insert and the swirl velocity on the subcooled boiling heat transfer and the CHFs are investigated into details and the widely and precisely predictable correlations of the subcooled boiling heat transfer and the CHFs for turbulent flow of water in the SUS304-tube with twisted-tape insert are given based on the experimental data. The correlations can describe the subcooled boiling heat transfer coefficients and the CHFs obtained in this work within −25 to +15% difference.
A PLATE MODEL FOR THE EVALUATION OF PULL-IN INSTABILITY OCCURRENCE IN ELECTROSTATIC MICROPUMP DIAPHRAGMS
Authors: BERTARELLI EMANUELE , ARDITO RAFFAELE , ARDITO RAFFAELE , CORIGLIANO ALBERTO , CONTRO ROBERTO 
Published: December 2010

This work deals with the mechanical response of circular microplates undergoing electrostatic actuation. A one degree-of-freedom model and Finite Element approaches are exploited in a nondimensional framework. First, a quasi-static conventional approach is adopted. From the one degree-of-freedom model a closed form solution for the plate electromechanical problem is obtained for the first time. Then a strong attention is paid to pull-in phenomena in nonlinear dynamics. Dynamic behavior of the structure is explored, leading to the identification of a pull-in loading condition which is dependent on the quality factor Q. The outcomes are discussed and widely compared with those available in the literature for similar microsystems.
IL-17 Enhances Tumor Development in Carcinogen-Induced Skin Cancer
Authors: Wang Lin , Yi Tangsheng , Zhang Wang , Pardoll Drew M. , Yu Hua 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Inflammatory conditions elicited by extrinsic environmental factors promote malignant cell transformation, tumor growth, and metastasis. Although most attention has been focused on innate immune mechanisms of inflammatory carcinogenesis, more recently the role of T cells in cancer promotion has been examined. Although IFN-dependent Th1 responses that promote Stat1 signaling inhibit tumor growth, the role of T helper type 17 responses, and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in particular, has been controversial. Indeed, IL-17 has been reported to either enhance or inhibit the growth of transplantable tumors, depending on the system. Little is known about the role of IL-17 in de novo carcinogenesis. Using IL-17 knockout mice, we examined the role of IL-17 in the classic DMBA/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis model. Disruption of IL-17 dramatically reduced tumorigenesis in this model in a manner correlated with diminished Stat3 activation in the tumor microenvironment. IL-17 loss reduced Stat3-associated proliferative and antiapoptotic gene expression along with epidermal cell proliferation and hyperplasia. In addition, IL-17 loss was associated with reduced expression of Stat3-regulated chemokines that attract myeloid cells and a decreased infiltration of myeloid cells into the local tumor microenvironment. Together, our findings point to a critical role of the IL-17–Stat3 pathway in supporting cancer-associated inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic approaches that target this pathway may therefore be effective to inhibit carcinogenesis. Cancer Res; 70(24); 10112–20. ©2010 AACR.