bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 mediates increased expression of NADPH oxidase‐2 in response to intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Yuan Guoxiang , Khan Shakil A. , Luo Weibo , Nanduri Jayasri , Semenza Gregg L. , Prabhakar Nanduri R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSleep‐disordered breathing with recurrent apnea is associated with intermittent hypoxia (IH). Cardiovascular morbidities caused by IH are triggered by increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by pro‐oxidant enzymes, especially NADPH oxidase‐2 (Nox2). Previous studies showed that (i) IH activates hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) in a ROS‐dependent manner and (ii) HIF‐1 is required for IH‐induced ROS generation, indicating the existence of a feed‐forward mechanism. In the present study, using multiple pharmacological and genetic approaches, we investigated whether IH‐induced expression of Nox2 is mediated by HIF‐1 in the central and peripheral nervous system of mice as well as in cultured cells. IH increased Nox2 mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells as well as in wild‐type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). This effect was abolished or attenuated by blocking HIF‐1 activity through RNA interference or pharmacologic inhibition (digoxin or YC‐1) or by genetic knockout of HIF‐1α in MEFs. Increasing HIF‐1α expression by treating PC 12 cells with the iron chelator deferoxamine for 20 h or by transfecting them with HIF‐1alpha expression vector increased Nox2 expression and enzyme activity. Exposure of wild‐type mice to IH (8 h/day for 10 days) up‐regulated Nox2 mRNA expression in brain cortex, brain stem, and carotid body but not in cerebellum. IH did not induce Nox2 expression in cortex, brainstem, carotid body, or cerebellum of Hif1a+/− mice, which do not manifest increased ROS or cardiovascular morbidities in response to IH. These results establish a pathogenic mechanism linking HIF‐1, ROS generation, and cardiovascular pathology in response to IH. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2925–2933, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapeutic resistance resulting from mutations in Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways
Authors: McCubrey James A. , Steelman Linda S. , Kempf C. Ruth , Chappell William H. , Abrams Stephen L. , Stivala Franca , Malaponte Graziella , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Libra Massimo , Bäsecke Jörg , Maksimovic‐Ivanic Danijela , Mijatovic Sanja , Montalto Giuseppe , Cervello Melchiorre , Cocco Lucio , Martelli Alberto M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractChemotherapy remains a commonly used therapeutic approach for many cancers. Indeed chemotherapy is relatively effective for treatment of certain cancers and it may be the only therapy (besides radiotherapy) that is appropriate for certain cancers. However, a common problem with chemotherapy is the development of drug resistance. Many studies on the mechanisms of drug resistance concentrated on the expression of membrane transporters and how they could be aberrantly regulated in drug resistant cells. Attempts were made to isolate specific inhibitors which could be used to treat drug resistant patients. Unfortunately most of these drug transporter inhibitors have not proven effective for therapy. Recently the possibilities of more specific, targeted therapies have sparked the interest of clinical and basic researchers as approaches to kill cancer cells. However, there are also problems associated with these targeted therapies. Two key signaling pathways involved in the regulation of cell growth are the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathways. Dysregulated signaling through these pathways is often the result of genetic alterations in critical components in these pathways as well as mutations in upstream growth factor receptors. Furthermore, these pathways may be activated by chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation. This review documents how their abnormal expression can contribute to drug resistance as well as resistance to targeted therapy. This review will discuss in detail PTEN regulation as this is a critical tumor suppressor gene frequently dysregulated in human cancer which contributes to therapy resistance. Controlling the expression of these pathways could improve cancer therapy and ameliorate human health. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2762–2781, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stabilization of brain microvascular endothelial barrier function by shear stress involves VE‐cadherin signaling leading to modulation of pTyr‐occludin levels
Authors: Walsh Tony G. , Murphy Ronan P. , Fitzpatrick Paul , Rochfort Keith D. , Guinan Anthony F. , Murphy Andrew , Cummins Philip M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBlood–brain barrier (BBB) regulation involves the coordinated interaction of intercellular adherens and tight junctions in response to stimuli. One such stimulus, shear stress, has been shown to upregulate brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMvEC) barrier function, although our knowledge of the signaling mechanisms involved is limited. In this article, we examined the hypothesis that VE‐cadherin can transmit shear signals to tight junction occludin with consequences for pTyr‐occludin and barrier function. In initial studies, chronic shear enhanced membrane localization of ZO‐1 and claudin‐5, decreased pTyr‐occludin (in part via a dephostatin‐sensitive mechanism), and reduced BMvEC permeability, with flow reduction in pre‐sheared BMvECs having converse effects. In further studies, VE‐cadherin inhibition (VE‐cad ΔEXD) blocked shear‐induced Rac1 activation, pTyr‐occludin reduction, and barrier upregulation, consistent with an upstream role for VE‐cadherin in transmitting shear signals to tight junctions through Rac1. As VE‐cadherin is known to mediate Rac1 activation via Tiam1 recruitment, we subsequently confirmed that Tiam1 inhibition (Tiam1‐C580) could elicit effects similar to VE‐cad ΔEXD. Finally, the observed attenuation of shear‐induced changes in pTyr‐occludin level and barrier phenotype following Rac1 inhibition (NSC23766, T17N) establishes a downstream role for Rac1 in this pathway. In summary, we describe for the first time in BMvECs a role for VE‐cadherin in the transmission of physiological shear signals to tight junction occludin through engagement of Tiam1/Rac1 leading to barrier stabilization. A downstream role is also strongly indicated for a protein tyrosine phosphatase in pTyr‐occludin modulation. Importantly, these findings suggest an important route of inter‐junctional signaling cross‐talk during BBB response to flow. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 3053–3063, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local burn versus local cold induced acute effects on in vivo microcirculation and histomorphology of the human skin
Authors: Altintas Ahmet Ali , Guggenheim Merlin , Oezcelik Arzu , Gehl Benjamin , Aust Matthias C. , Altintas Mehmet Ali 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground: The impact of burns and colds on human skin microcirculation and histomorphology has not been compared as yet. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) enables in vivo insight in human skin on cellular and subcellular levels. We evaluated analogies and differences of thermal injuries on microcirculation and histomorphology in vivo using RCM. Methods: Local superficial burn (6 female, 4 male; aged 28.4 ± 2.9 years, burn group) versus superficial cold (4 female, 6 male; aged 30.4 ± 5.2 years, cold group) was induced on the dorsum of the hand in an experimental immersion hand model. In vivo RCM was performed prior (control), immediately (t1) and 15 minutes (t2) following thermal injury to evaluate: Individual blood cell flow (IBCF), functional capillary density (FCD), epidermal thickness (ET), and granular cell size (GCS). Results: In the burn group, IBCF was increased at t1 (78.02 ± 2.60/min) and remained elevated at t2 (84.16 ± 3.04/min). In the cold group, IBCF decreased at t1 (12.62 ± 2.12 min) and increased at t2 (74.24 ± 3.14/min, P < 0.05) compared to the controls (58.23 ± 3.21/min). FCD was 6.74 ± 0.52/mm2 in controls and increased at both t1 (7.82 ± 0.72/mm2) and t2 (8.02 ± 0.81/mm2) in the burn group. In the cold group, FCD decreased at t1 (2.60 ± 0.42/mm2) and increased at t2 (7.92 ± 0.44/mm2, P < 0.05). ET increased at both t1 (43.12 ± 4.08 μm, P > 0.05) and t2 (47.26 ± 4.72 μm, P < 0.05) in the burn group. In the cold group, ET decreased at t1 (39.92 ± 3.14 μm, P > 0.05) and increased at t2 (44.72 ± 4.06 μm, P < 0.05) compared to the controls (41.26 ± 3.82 μm). Control GCS was 726.9 ± 59.4 μm2 and increased at both t1 (739.8 ± 69.8 μm2, P > 0.05) and t2 (762.6 ± 71.4 μm2, P < 0.05) in the burn group. In the cold group, GCS decreased at t1 (712.4 ± 53.8 μm2, P > 0.05) and increased at t2 (742.6 ± 64.8 μm2, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Superficial burn induces more cellular destruction and cold leads to huge fluctuation in tissue perfusion, however, with moderate impact on histomorphology. The effect on dermal capillaries suggests a selective neural control and cold injuries might down‐regulate this system, much more than burns can activate it. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Domination number of cubic graphs with large girth
Authors: Král' Daniel , Škoda Petr , Volec Jan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe show that every n‐vertex cubic graph with girth at least g have domination number at most 0.299871n+ O(n/g)<3n/10 + O(n/g) which improves a previous bound of 0.321216n+ O(n/g) by Rautenbach and Reed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69:131‐142, 2012
On characterizing Vizing's edge colouring bound
Authors: Haxell Penny , McDonald Jessica 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe consider multigraphs G for which equality holds in Vizing's classical edge colouring bound χ′(G)≤Δ + µ, where Δ denotes the maximum degree and µ denotes the maximum edge multiplicity of G. We show that if µ is bounded below by a logarithmic function of Δ, then G attains Vizing's bound if and only if there exists an odd subset S⊆V(G) with |S|≥3, such that |E[S]|>((|S| − 1)/2)(Δ + µ − 1). The famous Goldberg–Seymour conjecture states that this should hold for all µ≥2. We also prove a similar result concerning the edge colouring bound χ′(G)≤Δ + ⌈µ/⌊g/2⌋⌉, due to Steffen (here g denotes the girth of the underlying graph). Finally we give a general approximation towards the Goldberg‐Seymour conjecture in terms of Δ and µ. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69:160‐168, 2012
Locally s‐distance transitive graphs
Authors: Devillers Alice , Giudici Michael , Li Cai Heng , Praeger Cheryl E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe give a unified approach to analyzing, for each positive integer s, a class of finite connected graphs that contains all the distance transitive graphs as well as the locally s‐arc transitive graphs of diameter at least s. A graph is in the class if it is connected and if, for each vertex v, the subgroup of automorphisms fixing v acts transitively on the set of vertices at distance i from v, for each i from 1 to s. We prove that this class is closed under forming normal quotients. Several graphs in the class are designated as degenerate, and a nondegenerate graph in the class is called basic if all its nontrivial normal quotients are degenerate. We prove that, for s≥2, a nondegenerate, nonbasic graph in the class is either a complete multipartite graph or a normal cover of a basic graph. We prove further that, apart from the complete bipartite graphs, each basic graph admits a faithful quasiprimitive action on each of its (1 or 2) vertex‐orbits or a biquasiprimitive action. These results invite detailed additional analysis of the basic graphs using the theory of quasiprimitive permutation groups. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69:176‐197, 2012
The chromatic Ramsey number of odd wheels
Authors: Paul Nathalie , Tardif Claude 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe prove that the chromatic Ramsey number of every odd wheel W2k+ 1, k⩾2 is 14. That is, for every odd wheel W2k+ 1, there exists a 14‐chromatic graph F such that when the edges of F are two‐coloured, there is a monochromatic copy of W2k+ 1 in F, and no graph F with chromatic number 13 has the same property. We ask whether a natural extension of odd wheels to the family of generalized Mycielski graphs could help to prove the Burr–Erdős–Lovász conjecture on the minimum possible chromatic Ramsey number of an n‐chromatic graph. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69:198‐205, 2012
Connectivity keeping trees in k‐connected graphs
Authors: Mader W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe show that one can choose the minimum degree of a k‐connected graph G large enough (independent of the vertex number of G) such that G contains a copy T of a prescribed tree with the property that G − V(T) remains k‐connected. This was conjectured in [W. Mader, J Graph Theory 65 (2010), 61–69]. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69: 324–329, 2012
Design and application of a four‐channel transmit/receive surface coil for functional cardiac imaging at 7T
Authors: Dieringer Matthias A. , Renz Wolfgang , Lindel Tomasz , Seifert Frank , Frauenrath Tobias , von Knobelsdorff‐Brenkenhoff Florian , Waiczies Helmar , Hoffmann Werner , Rieger Jan , Pfeiffer Harald , Ittermann Bernd , Schulz‐Menger Jeanette , Niendorf Thoralf 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPurposeTo design and evaluate a four‐channel cardiac transceiver coil array for functional cardiac imaging at 7T.Materials and MethodsA four‐element cardiac transceiver surface coil array was developed with two rectangular loops mounted on an anterior former and two rectangular loops on a posterior former. specific absorption rate (SAR) simulations were performed and a B calibration method was applied prior to obtain 2D FLASH CINE (mSENSE, R = 2) images from nine healthy volunteers with a spatial resolution of up to 1 × 1 × 2.5 mm3.ResultsTuning and matching was found to be better than 10 dB for all subjects. The decoupling (S21) was measured to be >18 dB between neighboring loops, >20 dB for opposite loops, and >30 dB for other loop combinations. SAR values were well within the limits provided by the IEC. Imaging provided clinically acceptable signal homogeneity with an excellent blood‐myocardium contrast applying the B calibration approach.ConclusionA four‐channel cardiac transceiver coil array for 7T was built, allowing for cardiac imaging with clinically acceptable signal homogeneity and an excellent blood‐myocardium contrast. Minor anatomic structures, such as pericardium, mitral, and tricuspid valves and their apparatus, as well as trabeculae, were accurately delineated. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulation of subthalamic alpha activity to emotional stimuli correlates with depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease1
Authors: Huebl Julius , Schoenecker Thomas , Siegert Sandy , Brücke Christof , Schneider Gerd‐Helge , Kupsch Andreas , Yarrow Kielan , Kühn Andrea A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. However, affective side effects following subthalamic deep brain stimulation have been reported. Here, we aim to elucidate the influence of affective state on emotional processing as indexed by local field potential activity and to identify neurophysiological markers in patients at risk of developing depressive symptoms during subthalamic deep brain stimulation.Methods: Subthalamic local field potentials were directly recorded via electrodes implanted for deep brain stimulation in 12 Parkinson's disease patients while viewing emotionally salient and neutral pictures. Parkinson's disease patients were assessed for depressive symptoms using the Beck depression inventory at the time of operation and 3 months after continuous subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.Results: We found a significant event‐related desynchronization in the local alpha frequency band (8–12 Hz) for emotionally arousing but not neutral pictures. The the event‐related desynchronization (ERD) in the alpha frequency band was reduced for pleasant stimuli in patients with mild to moderate depressive symptoms compared with patients without depression. The alpha‐ERD to unpleasant stimuli showed the opposite pattern. Consistently, the index of event‐related alpha desynchronization (alpha ERD for pleasant stimuli minus alpha ERD for unpleasant stimuli) correlated with the Beck depression inventory at the time of the recordings and at 3 months after continuous deep brain stimulation. The alpha ERD to unpleasant pictures correlated significantly with the Beck depression inventory score at 3 months after chronic deep brain stimulation.Discusion: In conclusion, we found mood‐congruent stimulus processing in the subthalamic nucleus of Parkinson's disease patients. Electrophysiological markers such as event‐related desynchronization of subthalamic alpha activity reflect state‐dependent emotional processing and may potentially be used to predict depressive mood disturbances in Parkinson's disease patients with chronic subthalamic deep brain stimulation at an early stage. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Quantitative assessment of the evolution of cerebellar signs in spinocerebellar ataxias
Authors: Chan Ellis , Charles Perrine , Ribai Pascale , Goizet Cyril , Marelli Cecilia , Vincitorio Carlo‐Maria , Bayon Alice Le , Guyant‐Maréchal Lucie , Vandenberghe Nadia , Anheim Mathieu , Devos David , Freeman Leorah , Ber Isabelle Le , N'Guyen Karine , Tchikviladzé Maya , Labauge Pierre , Hannequin Didier , Brice Alexis , Durr Alexandra , du Montcel Sophie Tezenas 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:Responsive ataxia rating scales are essential for determining outcome measures in clinical trials.Methods:We evaluated the responsiveness over time of the composite cerebellar functional severity score, a quantitative score measuring cerebellar ataxia in 133 patients with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCA), which were prospectively evaluated at inclusion and after one‐year of follow‐up. A more responsive tool was developed, the Cerebellar Functional Severity score writing, incorporating the writing test at dominant hand to the Cerebellar Functional Severity score.Results:Within the one‐year follow‐up period, the Cerebellar Functional Severity score and its writing version increased significantly and the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia decreased significantly reflecting increased severity of the cerebellar symptoms. The Cerebellar Functional Severity score writing responsiveness was best in genotypes SCA1, 2, and 3 compared with the other genotypes (effect size = 0.196, standardized response mean (SRM) = 0.624 versus effect size = −0.051, SRM = −0.150). The Cerebellar Functional Severity score writing used as an outcome measure would require only 163 SCA1, 2, or 3 patients per group in a two‐arm interventional trial for a 50% reduction in progression and 80% of power.Discussion:Our study demonstrates that the Cerebellar Functional Severity score and Cerebellar Functional Severity score writing are responsive quantitative scores for evaluating sensitivity to change in ADCA patients and can be used as outcome measures in clinical trials, especially when targeting genotypes SCA1, 2 and 3. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
An intragenic duplication in guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase‐1 gene in a dopa‐responsive dystonia family
Authors: Ling Helen , Polke James M. , Sweeney Mary G. , Haworth Andrea , Sandford Catherine A. , Heales Simon J.R. , Wood Nicholas W. , Davis Mary B. , Lees Andrew J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:Autosomal dominant dopa‐responsive dystonia is commonly caused by mutations in the guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase‐1 gene.Methods:We report a British family that has been followed for more than 20 years in which no mutations were previously identified.Results:Reanalysis of this pedigree detected a duplication of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase‐1 exon 2 in affected family members. mRNA analysis showed a mutant transcript with a tandem exon 2 duplication. Four family members developed dopa‐responsive dystonia, with onset in their late teens, and subsequently developed restless leg syndrome and migraine.Conclusions:This is the first report of an intragenic guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase‐1 duplication in a dopa‐responsive dystonia family. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Excite and receive solenoid radiofrequency coil for MRI‐guided breast interventions
Authors: Smith M. R. , Zhai X. , Kurpad K. N. , Harter R. D. , Fain S. B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA radiofrequency coil based on a solenoid design was developed and integrated with a novel device for MR‐guided breast interventions using a circumferential approach. The transmit/receive tapered solenoid design conforms to the shape of the pendent breast, and provides open circumferential needle access to breast tissue under rotational symmetry. Phantom and in vivo studies using a healthy volunteer demonstrated a superior uniformity using the tapered solenoid coil compared with a commercial 8‐channel diagnostic imaging coil. The solenoid coil design has important advantages due to localized transmit/receive such as B1‐homogeneity and reduced specific absorption ratio (SAR) especially at high‐field strengths. Because it provides open access and a rotationally symmetric local field, the tapered solenoid design can easily be adapted for bilateral imaging and 3D MR‐guided breast interventions. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axonal hyperpolarization in inclusion‐body myopathy, paget disease of the bone, and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD)
Authors: Kumar Kishore R. , Liang Christina , Needham Merilee , Burke David , Sue Carolyn M. , Ng Karl 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Inclusion‐body myopathy, Paget disease of the bone, and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) is an autosomal dominant disorder due to mutations in the valosin‐containing protein (VCP) gene. Patients with this disorder may have neuropathic or myopathic features.Methods:Peripheral nerve function and axonal excitability were studied in three members from two families with VCP mutations (p.Arg155Leu and p.Leu198Trp).Results:Patients from the first family had neurogenic patterns on needle electromyography (EMG), whereas those in the second family had myopathic EMG changes. In threshold electrotonus for motor axons, the changes to depolarizing and hyperpolarizing conditioning currents were at or outside control limits in all three patients. Superexcitability was increased, and the relative refractory period was reduced. The strength–duration time constant was normal. In sensory axons of all three patients, there were similar changes in threshold electrotonus, but not in superexcitability.Discussion:These features are best explained by axonal hyperpolarization. The findings provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms in these genotypes and, possibly, into all patients with IBMPFD. Muscle Nerve, 2011
Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome following peripheral catheterization: Magnetic resonance imaging and electromyography correlation
Authors: Brennan Thomas D. , Cupler Edward J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAnterior interosseous nerve syndrome (AINS) has not been widely recognized as a possible complication following peripheral catheterization. Herein we present a retrospective review of patients with AINS over the last 5 years. Six cases were identified, 4 associated with catheterization. AINS may be a rare complication of catheterization. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may serve as an adjunct diagnostic modality to conventional electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies, especially in patients who are intolerant of pain. Muscle Nerve, 2011