bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating disorders mental health literacy in Singapore: beliefs of young adult women concerning treatment and outcome of bulimia nervosa
Authors: Chen Anna , Mond Jonathan M. , Kumar Rajeev 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim: We examined the eating disorders ‘mental health literacy’ of young adult women in Singapore.Methods: A self‐report questionnaire was completed by 255 women recruited from three university campuses. A vignette of a fictional (female) person exhibiting the characteristic features of bulimia nervosa was presented, followed by a series of questions concerning the treatment and outcome of the problem described. A measure of eating disorder symptoms was included in the questionnaire.Results: Consulting a primary care practitioner, counsellor or psychologist; seeking the advice of a (female) family member or friend; getting advice about diet and nutrition; and taking vitamins and minerals were the interventions most often considered helpful. Participants were less positive about the benefits of psychiatristsand were ambivalent about the use of psychotropic medication. Participants' mothers were most often considered helpful as they are an initial source of help. Among participants with a high level of eating disorder symptoms, recognition of an eating problem was poor. A minority of participants believed that treatment would result in full recovery.Conclusions: Aspects of the eating disorders mental health literacy of young Singaporean women may be conducive to low or inappropriate treatment seeking. Health promotion programmes need to target not only at‐risk individuals, but also their family members and social circle.
Is a national framework for implementing early psychosis services necessary? Results of a survey of Australian mental health service directors
Authors: Catts Stanley V. , Evans Russell W. , O'Toole Brian I. , Carr Vaughan J. , Lewin Terry , Neil Amanda L. , Harris Meredith G. , Frost Aaron D.J. , Crissman Belinda R. , Eadie Kathy 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim: Expert opinion holds that the rate of implementation of specialist services for first presentation psychosis in Australia is much too slow. We aimed to collect evidence regarding this view from the first national survey of adult public mental health services about their self‐reported efforts to implement specialist early psychosis intervention (EPI).Methods: Using a purpose‐designed Census form for assessing EPI implementation, adult public mental health service directors throughout Australia were asked about EPI‐relevant local service activities.Results: Sixty Census forms were returned (response rate = 61%), representing a total catchment population of 12.5 million people. A minority of services reported high levels of EPI implementation, which varied widely between area services and across state and territory jurisdictions. Rural and remote services were overrepresented in the lowest levels of reported EPI implementation. Only one service characteristic, the value of identifiable funding committed specifically to EPI, was predictive of level of reported EPI implementation.Conclusions: The disturbingly high levels of variability in EPI implementation across jurisdictions suggest a pressing need for a set of nationally agreed uniform EPI implementation standards. Additional specific strategies for rural and remote mental health services may be needed for these services to implement EPI.
Negative relationships between cellular immune response, Mhc class II heterozygosity and secondary sexual trait in the montane water vole
Authors: Charbonnel Nathalie , Bryja Josef , Galan Maxime , Deter Julie , Tollenaere Charlotte , Chaval Yannick , Morand Serge , Cosson Jean‐François 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHeterogeneities in immune responsiveness may affect key epidemiological parameters and the dynamics of pathogens. The roles of immunogenetics in these variations remain poorly explored. We analysed the influence of Major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) genes and epigamic traits on the response to phytohaemagglutinin in males from cyclic populations of the montane water vole (Arvicola scherman). Besides, we tested the relevance of lateral scent glands as honest signals of male quality. Our results did not corroborate neither the hypotheses of genome‐wide heterozygosity‐fitness correlation nor the Mhc heterozygote advantage. We found a negative relationship between Mhc hetetozygosity and response to phytohaemagglutinin, mediated by a specific Mhc homozygous genotype. Our results therefore support the hypothesis of the Arte‐Dqa‐05 homozygous genotype being a ‘good’ Mhc variant in terms of immunogenetic quality. The development of the scent glands seems to be an honest signal for mate choice as it is negatively correlated with helminth load. The ‘good gene’ hypothesis was not validated as Arte‐Dqa‐05 homozygous males did not exhibit larger glands. Besides, the negative relationship observed between the size of these glands and the response to phytohaemagglutinin, mainly for Mhc homozygotes, corroborates the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis. The Mhc variants associated with larger glands remain yet to be determined.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Allee effects, adaptive evolution, and invasion success
Authors: Kanarek Andrew R. , Webb Colleen T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe mechanisms that facilitate success of an invasive species include both ecological and evolutionary processes. Investigating the evolutionary dynamics of founder populations can enhance our understanding of patterns of invasiveness and provide insight into management strategies for controlling further establishment of introduced populations. Our aim is to analyze the evolutionary consequences of ecological processes (i.e., propagule pressure and threshold density effects) that impact successful colonization. We address our questions using a spatially‐explicit modeling approach that incorporates dispersal, density dependent population growth, and selection. Our results show that adaptive evolution may occur in small or sparse populations, providing a means of mitigating or avoiding inverse density dependent effects (i.e., Allee effects). The rate at which this adaptation occurs is proportional to the amount of genetic variance and is a crucial component in assessing whether natural selection can rescue a population from extinction. We provide theoretical evidence for the importance of recognizing evolution in predicting and explaining successful biological invasions.
Microendoscopic discectomy for recurrent lumbar disc herniation*
Authors: Matsumoto M , Ishii K , Watanabe K , Tsuji T , Nakamura M , Toyama Y , Chiba K 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIntroduction: The purpose of this study is to elucidate the feasibility of microendoscopic discectomy (MED) for the treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation.Methods: Thirty‐six patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation were treated using MED (30 men and six women; mean age: 45.7 years, range: 26–80 years; mean follow‐up: 24.4 months, range: 12–52 months; mean duration between the primary and revision surgery: 65.9 months, range: 1–320 months) (recurrent group). Sex‐ and age‐matched patients with primary lumbar disc herniation treated by MED served as the control group (primary group). The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score for low back pain and questionnaires regarding MED.Results: The average Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores before surgery and at the final follow‐up were significantly lower in the recurrent group than in the primary group (10.8 ± 3.4 versus 15.0 ± 4.0 before surgery, P=0.001 and 25.4 ± 2.6 versus 26.8 ± 1.9 at follow‐up, P=0.013), while the average recovery rates were not significantly different between the two groups (80.3 ± 14.1% versus 84.5 ± 14.6, P=0.22). The surgical time was significantly longer for the recurrent group than for the primary group (83.0 ± 41.8 min versus 67.1 ± 18.1 min,P=0.042). Of the 18 questionnaire respondents, 17 answered that postoperative pain was milder after MED than after a standard discectomy.Conclusion: MED is a feasible surgical option for recurrent lumbar disc herniation, yielding surgical outcomes comparable to those obtained in primary lumbar disc herniation.
Social Exclusion of Muslims in India and Deficient Debates about Affirmative Action
Authors: Alam Mohd Sanjeer 
Published: January 2010

Many nations today grapple with problems of social exclusion along ethno-religious lines and face demands for some kind of affirmative action by disadvantaged ethnic, racial and religious groups. In India, caste inequalities among Hindus have long been recognised and substantive measures for redressing disadvantages of lower castes have been in place for decades. Since India’s Muslims, too, are faced with various types of social exclusion, there have been ongoing debates about the necessity of state intervention in the form of affirmative action for Muslims. The article interrogates various strands of this debate. While relative socio-economic disadvantages among Muslims cannot be denied, how Muslims are currently presented as a marginalised and excluded community is shown to be too simplistic and actually leads to isolation. In view of the multi-dimensional nature of group disadvantage for Muslims, particularly spatial patterns observable across India, more careful understanding is needed to develop effective affirmative action policies. While deeply flawed reasoning grounds prevailing current arguments in favour of separate affirmative action for Muslims, the article suggests that the aim should be to achieve better development for all disadvantaged people from all communities in any particular space.
Dispersion Control of Surface-charged Prussian Blue Nanoparticles into Greener Solvents
Authors: Ishizaki Manabu , Abe Makiko , Hoshi Yuji , Sakamoto Masatomi , Tanaka Hisashi , Kawamoto Tohru , Kurihara Masato 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The insoluble Prussian blue pigment was dispersed into greener solvents as surface-charged nanoparticles via their surface modification using various alkylamines. The nanoparticles bore negative zeta potentials originated from the surface [FeIII–OH]− moieties and their surrounding protonated alkylamines, [R–NH3]+, and their dispersible nature into solvents was controllable depending on the alkyl-chain lengths.
Strong Logics of First and Second Order
Authors: Koellner Peter 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this paper we investigate strong logics of first and second order that have certain absoluteness properties. We begin with an investigation of first order logic and the strong logics ω-logic and β-logic, isolating two facets of absoluteness, namely, generic invariance and faithfulness. It turns out that absoluteness is relative in the sense that stronger background assumptions secure greater degrees of absoluteness. Our aim is to investigate the hierarchies of strong logics of first and second order that are generically invariant and faithful against the backdrop of the strongest large cardinal hypotheses. We show that there is a close correspondence between the two hierarchies and we characterize the strongest logic in each hierarchy. On the first-order side, this leads to a new presentation of Woodin's Ω-logic. On the second-order side, we compare the strongest logic with full second-order logic and argue that the comparison lends support to Quine's claim that second-order logic is really set theory in sheep's clothing.
The Axiom of Infinity and Transformations j: V → V
Authors: Corazza Paul 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe suggest a new approach for addressing the problem of establishing an axiomatic foundation for large cardinals. An axiom asserting the existence of a large cardinal can naturally be viewed as a strong Axiom of Infinity. However, it has not been clear on the basis of our knowledge of ω itself, or of generally agreed upon intuitions about the true nature of the mathematical universe, what the right strengthening of the Axiom of Infinity is—which large cardinals ought to be derivable? It was shown in the 1960s by Lawvere that the existence of an infinite set is equivalent to the existence of a certain kind of structure-preserving transformation from V to itself, not isomorphic to the identity. We use Lawvere's transformation, rather than ω, as a starting point for a reasonably natural sequence of strengthenings and refinements, leading to a proposed strong Axiom of Infinity. A first refinement was discussed in later work by Trnková–Blass, showing that if the preservation properties of Lawvere's tranformation are strengthened to the point of requiring it to be an exact functor, such a transformation is provably equivalent to the existence of a measurable cardinal. We propose to push the preservation properties as far as possible, short of inconsistency. The resulting transformation V → V is strong enough to account for virtually all large cardinals, but is at the same time a natural generalization of an assertion about transformations V → V known to be equivalent to the Axiom of Infinity.
A phase semantics for polarized linear logic and second order conservativity
Authors: Hamano Masahiro , Takemura Ryo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a polarized phase semantics, with respect to which the linear fragment of second order polarized linear logic of Laurent [15] is complete. This is done by adding a topological structure to Girard's phase semantics [9], The topological structure results naturally from the categorical construction developed by Hamano–Scott [12]. The polarity shifting operator ↓ (resp. ↑) is interpreted as an interior (resp. closure) operator in such a manner that positive (resp. negative) formulas correspond to open (resp. closed) facts. By accommodating the exponentials of linear logic, our model is extended to the polarized fragment of the second order linear logic. Strong forms of completeness theorems are given to yield cut-eliminations for the both second order systems. As an application of our semantics, the first order conservativity of linear logic is studied over its polarized fragment of Laurent [16]. Using a counter model construction, the extension of this conservativity is shown to fail into the second order, whose solution is posed as an open problem in [16]. After this negative result, a second order conservativity theorem is proved for an eta expanded fragment of the second order linear logic, which fragment retains a focalized sequent property of [3].
Lattice initial segments of the hyperdegrees
Authors: Shore Richard A. , Kjos-Hanssen Bjørn 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe affirm a conjecture of Sacks [1972] by showing that every countable distributive lattice is isomorphic to an initial segment of the hyperdegrees, . In fact, we prove that every sublattice of any hyperarithmetic lattice (and so, in particular, every countable, locally finite lattice) is isomorphic to an initial segment of . Corollaries include the decidability of the two quantifier theory of , and the undecidability of its three quantifier theory. The key tool in the proof is a new lattice representation theorem that provides a notion of forcing for which we can prove a version of the fusion lemma in the hyperarithmetic setting and so the preservation of ω1ck. Somewhat surprisingly, the set theoretic analog
of this forcing does not preserve ω1. On the other hand, we construct countable lattices that are not isomorphic to any initial segment of .
A proof of completeness for continuous first-order logic
Authors: Yaacov Itaï Ben , Pedersen Arthur Paul 
Published: January 2010

AbstractContinuous first-order logic has found interest among model theorists who wish to extend the classical analysis of “algebraic” structures (such as fields, group, and graphs) to various natural classes of complete metric structures (such as probability algebras, Hilbert spaces, and Banach spaces). With research in continuous first-order logic preoccupied with studying the model theory of this framework, we find a natural question calls for attention. Is there an interesting set of axioms yielding a completeness result?The primary purpose of this article is to show that a certain, interesting set of axioms does indeed yield a completeness result for continuous first-order logic. In particular, we show that in continuous first-order logic a set of formulae is (completely) satisfiable if (and only if) it is consistent. From this result it follows that continuous first-order logic also satisfies anapproximatedform of strong completeness, whereby Σ⊧φ(if and) only if Σ⊢φ∸2−nfor alln < ω. This approximated form of strong completeness asserts that if Σ⊧φ, then proofs from Σ, being finite, can provide arbitrarily better approximations of the truth ofφ.Additionally, we consider a different kind of question traditionally arising in model theory—that of decidability. When is the set of all consequences of a theory (in a countable, recursive language) recursive? Say that a complete theoryTisdecidableif for every sentenceφ, the valueφTis a recursive real, and moreover, uniformly computable fromφ. IfTis incomplete, we say it is decidable if for every sentenceφthe real numberφTois uniformly recursive fromφ, whereφTois the maximal value ofφconsistent withT. As in classical first-order logic, it follows from the completeness theorem of continuous first-order logic that if a complete theory admits a recursive (or even recursively enumerable) axiomatization then it is decidable.
Schnorr triviality and genericity
Authors: Franklin Johanna N.Y. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe study the connection between Schnorr triviality and genericity. We show that while no 2-generic is Turing equivalent to a Schnorr trivial and no 1-generic is tt-equivalent to a Schnorr trivial, there is a 1-generic that is Turing equivalent to a Schnorr trivial. However, every such 1-generic must be high. As a corollary, we prove that not all K-trivials are Schnorr trivial. We also use these techniques to extend a previous result and show that the bases of cones of Schnorr trivial Turing degrees are precisely those whose jumps are at least 0″.
Groups definable in linear o-minimal structures: the non-compact case
Authors: Eleftheriou Pantelis E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLet = ⟨M, +, <, 0, S⟩ be a linear o-minimal expansion of an ordered group, and G = ⟨G, ⊕,eG) an n-dimensional group definable in . We show that if G is definably connected with respect to the t-topology, then it is definably isomorphic to a definable quotient group U/L. for some convex ∨-definable subgroup U of ⟨Mn, +⟩ and a lattice L of rank equal to the dimension of the ‘compact part’ of G.
On the complexity of Gödel's proof predicate
Authors: Chen Yijia , Flum Jörg 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe undecidability of first-order logic implies that there is no computable bound on the length of shortest proofs of valid sentences of first-order logic. Some valid sentences can only have quite long proofs. How hard is it to prove such “hard” valid sentences? The polynomial time tractability of this problem would imply the fixed-parameter tractability of the parameterized problem that, given a natural number n in unary as input and a first-order sentence φ as parameter, asks whether φ has a proof of length ≤ n. As the underlying classical problem has been considered by Gödel we denote this problem by p-Gödel. We show that p-Gödel is not fixed-parameter tractable if DTIME(hO(1)) ≠ NTIME(hO(1)) for all time constructible and increasing functions h. Moreover we analyze the complexity of the construction problem associated with p-Gödel.
Notions of compactness for special subsets of ℝI and some weak forms of the axiom of choice
Authors: Morillon Marianne 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe work in set-theory without choice ZF. A set is countable if it is finite or equipotent with ℕ. Given a closed subset F of [0, 1]I which is a bounded subset of ℓ1(I) (resp. such that F ⊆ c0(I)), we show that the countable axiom of choice for finite sets, (resp. the countable axiom of choice ACℕ) implies that F is compact. This enhances previous results where ACℕ (resp. the axiom of Dependent Choices) was required. If I is linearly orderable (for example I = ℝ), then, in ZF, the closed unit ball of the Hilbert space ℓ2 (I) is (Loeb-)compact in the weak topology. However, the weak compactness of the closed unit ball of is not provable in ZF.
An equiconsistency for universal indestructibility
Authors: Apter Arthur W. , Sargsyan Grigor 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe obtain an equiconsistency for a weak form of universal indestructibility for strongness. The equiconsistency is relative to a cardinal weaker in consistency strength than a Woodin cardinal, Stewart Baldwin's notion of hyperstrong cardinal. We also briefly indicate how our methods are applicable to universal indestructibility for supercompactness and strong compactness.
Baire reductions and good Borel reducibilities
Authors: Ros Luca Motto 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn [9] we have considered a wide class of “well-behaved” reducibilities for sets of reals. In this paper we continue with the study of Borel reducibilities by proving a dichotomy theorem for the degree-structures induced by good Borel reducibilities. This extends and improves the results of [9] allowing to deal with a larger class of notions of reduction (including, among others, the Baire class ξ functions).
On Tao's “finitary” infinite pigeonhole principle
Authors: Gaspar Jaime , Kohlenbach Ulrich 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn 2007, Terence Tao wrote on his blog an essay about soft analysis, hard analysis and the finitization of soft analysis statements into hard analysis statements. One of his main examples was a quasi-finitization of the infinite pigeonhole principle IPP, arriving at the “finitary” infinite pigeonhole principle FIPP1. That turned out to not be the proper formulation and so we proposed an alternative version FIPP2. Tao himself formulated yet another version FIPP3 in a revised version of his essay.We give a counterexample to FIPP1 and discuss for both of the versions FIPP2 and FIPP3 the faithfulness of their respective finitization of IPP by studying the equivalences IPP ↔ FIPP2 and IPP ↔ FIPP3 in the context of reverse mathematics ([9]). In the process of doing this we also introduce a continuous uniform boundedness principle CUB as a formalization of Tao's notion of a correspondence principle and study the strength of this principle and various restrictions thereof in terms of reverse mathematics, i.e., in terms of the “big five” subsystems of second order arithmetic.
The importance of Π10 classes in effective randomness
Authors: Barmpalias George , Lewis Andrew E.M. , Ng Keng Meng 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe prove a number of results in effective randomness, using methods in which Π10 classes play an essential role. The results proved include the fact that every PA Turing degree is the join of two random Turing degrees, and the existence of a minimal pair of LR degrees below the LR degree of the halting problem.