bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TNF optimally activatives regulatory T cells by inducing TNF receptor superfamily members TNFR2, 4‐1BB and OX40
Authors: Hamano Ryoko , Huang Jiaqiang , Yoshimura Teizo , Oppenheim Joost J. , Chen Xin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTNF is a pleiotropic cytokine with intriguing biphasic pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory effects. Our previous studies demonstrated that TNF up‐regulated FoxP3 expression and activated and expanded CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) via TNFR2. Furthermore, TNFR2‐expressing Tregs exhibited maximal suppressive activity. In this study, we show that TNF, in concert with IL‐2, preferentially up‐regulated mRNA and surface expression of TNFR2, 4‐1BB and OX40 on Tregs. Agonistic antibodies against 4‐1BB and OX40 also induced the proliferation of suppressive Tregs. Thus, TNF amplifies its stimulatory effect on Tregs by inducing TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) members. In addition, administration of neutralizing anti‐TNF Ab blocked LPS‐induced expansion of splenic Tregs and up‐regulation of TNFR2, OX40 and 4‐1BB receptors on Tregs in vivo, indicating that the expansion of Tregs expressing these co‐stimulatory TNFRSF members in response to LPS is mediated by TNF. Altogether, our novel data indicate that TNF preferentially up‐regulates TNFR2 on Tregs, and this is amplified by the stimulation of 4‐1BB and OX40, resulting in the optimal activation of Tregs and augmented attenuation of excessive inflammatory responses.
Synthesis and Structures of Cadmium(II) Complexes with (η6‐Benzenecarboxylate)tricarbonylchromium
Authors: Murugesapandian Balasubramanian , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe reaction of (benzoic acid)tricarbonylchromium [(η6‐C6H5COOH)Cr(CO)3] with cadmium acetate in methanol or DMF led to the formation of the dinuclear cadmium compounds [Cd2{(η6‐C6H5COO)Cr(CO)3}4(MeOH)4] (1) or [Cd2{(η6‐C6H5COO)Cr(CO)3}4(DMF)4] (2) containing four organometallic ligands with four methanol or DMF molecules coordinated to the cadmium atoms. The reaction of (benzoic acid)tricarbonylchromium [(η6‐C6H5COOH)Cr(CO)3] and cadmium acetate with 1,10‐phenanthroline (1,10‐phen) afforded the dinuclear cadmium complex [Cd2{(η6‐C6H5COO)Cr(CO)3}4(1,10‐phen)2] (3) with two 1,10‐phenanthroline and four organometallic ligands. The reaction of (benzoic acid)tricarbonylchromium [(η6‐C6H5COOH)Cr(CO)3] with cadmium acetate in the presence of 4,4′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐bipy) led to the one‐dimensional coordination polymer [Cd2{(η6‐C6H5COO)Cr(CO)3}4(4,4′‐bipy)2·3DMF]n (4) containing a dinuclear cadmium complex as a repeating unit. The solid‐state structures of all the compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Synthesis of switchable amphipathic molecules triggered by CO2 through carbonyl‐amine condensation
Authors: Qiao Weihong , Zheng Zhibo , Peng Huan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFive long‐chain alkyl amidines were synthesized by condensation of N,N‐dimethylacetamide with octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, and hexadecylamine, respectively. Synthesis conditions including solvent, pH, temperature, and ratio of reactants were studied. The series of long‐chain alkyl amidine compounds reacted with dry ice to produce amidinium bicarbonates cationic amphipathic molecules. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) and surface tension at cmc (γcmc) measured by drop volume method show that these amphipathic molecules have excellent surface activity. The changes of cationic content measured by two‐phase titration and conductivity before and after bubbling CO2, show different properties between amidines and amidinium bicarbonates cationic amphipathic molecules. The switchable function of the amidinium bicarbonate cationic amphipathic molecule in emulsification and demulsification was studied.Practical applications: Our innovative work is synthesizing switchable amphipathic molecules, N′‐alkyl‐N,N‐dimethylacetamidines, by carbonyl‐amine condensation. Compared with a former way of synthesis, our work shows great potential advantages in industrial application. Our synthesis route is simpler with higher yield and is carried out at ambient temperature. Moreover, the products are environmentally friendly. Compared with traditional amphipathic molecules, our products, N′‐alkyl‐N,N‐dimethylacetamidines, show good switchable properties, which can be switched on and off, trigged by CO2.This means these products can be reused for several times, which is significant for environmental protection.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of α‐Alkylidene‐Substituted δ‐Lactones, γ‐Lactams and δ‐Lactams
Authors: Albrecht Anna , Albrecht Łukasz , Janecki Tomasz 
Published: April 2011

Abstractα‐Alkylidene‐substituted δ‐lactones and corresponding γ‐ and δ‐lactams constitute important classes of natural compounds that display diverse biological activities. This review gives a brief description of the occurrence and biological activities of the title compounds and then summarizes the methods available for their preparation. Attention is given mainly to the synthetic approaches developed during the last decade, including those from our own research group. The latest developments in the synthesis of nonracemic α‐alkylidene‐substituted δ‐lactones, γ‐lactams and δ‐lactams are also discussed.
1,2,3‐Triazoles in Peptidomimetic Chemistry
Authors: Pedersen Daniel Sejer , Abell Andrew 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe ability to synthesise small peptidomimetics that mimic the secondary structure of proteins is an ever expanding area of research directed at sourcing new medicinal agents and biological probes. A significant current challenge is to mimic protein epitopes under physiological conditions using small peptidomimetics that are easy to prepare. The copper‐ and ruthenium‐catalysed Huisgen cycloaddition reactions provide such a general synthetic method, with the resulting 1,2,3‐triazoles being good peptide bond mimics. The ability to prepare both 1,4‐ and 1,5‐substituted 1,2,3‐triazoles under these chemically benign conditions provides both “linear” and “bent” peptidomimetics. Examples of the use of 1,2,3‐triazoles to define the geometry and properties of a peptidomimetic abound. This review highlights such successes but also describes a number of failures in order to guide and inspire future efforts of chemists in this area.
Intercalation of Tetrathiafulvalene between the Two Plates of a Copper(I)‐Complexed [4]Rotaxane (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 13/2011)
Authors: Sauvage Jean‐Pierre , Trolez Yann , Canevet David , Sallé Marc 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows the encapsulation of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) inside the cavity of a cyclic [4]rotaxane thanks to donor–acceptor interactions. The structure of the resulting complex is surrounded by its individual components: TTF (yellow), the axle of the rotaxane (red), the bismacrocycle (blue) and copper(I) ions (orange). The host–guest interaction has been studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Details are discussed in the article by J.‐P. Sauvage, M. Sallé et al. on p. 2413 ff.
Bioaccumulation of microcystins by fish associated with a persistent cyanobacterial bloom in Lago de Patzcuaro (Michoacan, Mexico)
Authors: Berry John P , Lee Elisha , Walton Katherine , Wilson Alan E , Bernal-Brooks Fernando 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Lago de Patzcuaro is a historically important freshwater fishery in Mexico. The lake is presently characterized by a persistent bloom of cyanobacteria, specifically dominated by recognized producers of toxic microcystins (MCYSTs). We evaluated MCYSTs in sestonic and dissolved fractions of the water column, as well as representative fish species (silversides, Chirostoma spp.; Goodea sp.; and carp, Cyprinus carpio) obtained from local markets and small commercial catches during the bloom. Samples were evaluated primarily by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and secondarily by protein phosphatase (PPase) inhibition assay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Sestonic MCYST concentration (0.02–0.36 µg/L) generally correlated inversely with distance from the bloom, supporting the bloom as the source of the toxin. Several MCYST variants, including MC-LR, -LA and -LY, as well as didemethyl variants, were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. All three species of fish bioaccumulated MCYSTs in relevant tissues, and toxin content correlated with trophic level, with highest and lowest levels measured in phytoplanktivorous and zooplanktivorous representatives, respectively. Detection of MCYST in silversides and Goodea sp. is particularly relevant because both are consumed in their entirety, including viscera (e.g., liver) known to primarily accumulate MCYST. These results indicate that Lago de Patzcuaro is indeed characterized by a toxigenic bloom, and that commercially important fish species from the lake accumulate toxic MCYST in tissues relevant to human consumption. As such, this system may represent an ideal model of the trophic transfer of MCYSTs and its relevance to human and environmental health. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1621–1628. © 2011 SETAC
On fair rate adaption in interference‐limited systems
Authors: Schmeink Anke 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA fair allocation of scarce resources is crucial in systems where multiple entities compete for the same goods. General interference‐limited communication systems with rate adaption are investigated in this paper and the problem of fair resource allocation is addressed by two different approaches. First, a non game theoretic fairness approach is applied to the system model. Then bargaining theory is exploited to derive a game theoretic fairness concept. To compensate the information transmission necessary in the bargaining game, so‐called incentive parameters are introduced. The solution of the thereby obtained local problem coincides with the Nash bargaining solution of the global problem if the incentive parameters are properly chosen. Numerical results show the advantage of the game theoretical modelling with respect to fairness and efficiency. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sialendoscopy for sialolithiasis: Early treatment, better outcome
Authors: Luers Jan Christoffer , Grosheva Maria , Reifferscheid Valentin , Stenner Markus , Beutner Dirk 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate whether patients with a short‐term and long‐term disease course of sialolithiasis show differences in the clinical picture and the outcome after sialendoscopy.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the findings and clinical courses of 62 consecutive patients who received sialendoscopy for sialolithiasis.ResultsIn 30 patients stones could be removed by pure endoscopic means. Stone size and stone mobility were significant predictors and the duration of symptoms was a marginally significant predictor for the endoscopic removability of stones. Patients with a good outcome had a significant shorter duration of symptoms than patients with a worse outcome.ConclusionsThe results of our study indicate an association between the duration of symptoms and the outcome after sialendoscopy for sialolithiasis. Early sialendoscopic treatment indicates a favorable outcome and is recommended for sialolithiasis after failure of conservative treatment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012.
Manufacturing of individual biodegradable bone substitute implants using selective laser melting technique
Authors: Lindner Markus , Hoeges Simon , Meiners Wilhelm , Wissenbach Konrad , Smeets Ralf , Telle Rainer , Poprawe Reinhart , Fischer Horst 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe additive manufacturing technique selective laser melting (SLM) has been successfully proved to be suitable for applications in implant manufacturing. SLM is well known for metal parts and offers direct manufacturing of three‐dimensional (3D) parts with high bulk density on the base of individual 3D data, including computer tomography models of anatomical structures. Furthermore, an interconnecting porous structure with defined and reproducible pore size can be integrated during the design of the 3D virtual model of the implant. The objective of this study was to develop the SLM processes for a biodegradable composite material made of β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) and poly(D, L)‐lactide (PDLLA). The development of a powder composite material (β‐TCP/PDLLA) suitable for the SLM process was successfully performed. The microstructure of the manufactured samples exhibit a homogeneous arrangement of ceramic and polymer. The four‐point bending strength was up to 23 MPa. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the samples confirmed β‐TCP as the only present crystalline phase and the gel permeations chromatography (GPC) analysis documented a degradation of the polymer caused by the laser process less than conventional manufacturing processes. We conclude that SLM presents a new possibility to manufacture individual biodegradable implants made of β‐TCP/PDLLA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A:, 2011.
Optimization of degumming process for soybean oil by phospholipase B
Authors: Jiang Fang‐yan , Wang Jin‐mei , Ju Li‐chen , Kaleem Imdad , Dai Da‐zhang , Li Chun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Enzymatic degumming, the ‘EnzyMax® process’, in which a phospholipase (type A1, A2 or B) was used to convert nonhydratable phospholipids into their hydratable forms. Compared with conventional methods, enzymatic degumming offers a safe biological route and eco‐friendly solution to industrial processes. To date, only phospholipases A1 and A2 have been used for enzymatic oil‐degumming. In this study, phospholipase B from Pseudomonas fluorescens BIT‐18 was applied for the first time in soybean oil degumming.RESULTS: Three major factors (temperature, pH and PLB dosage) were screened out through Plackett–Burman design. Then, response surface modeling combined with central composite design and regression analysis were employed for optimization of the final degumming process. The optimum conditions for the minimum residual phosphorus content in the oil were achieved at 40 °C, pH 4.7 and with PLB dosage of 500 U kg−1. Under optimal conditions, the residual phosphorus content decreased to 4.9 mg kg−1, which was comparable with predicted response values.CONCLUSION: These results suggested that Plackett‐Burman design combined with response surface modeling were proved effective in determining the optimum soybean oil degumming conditions. The results also revealed that phospholipase B from Pseudomonas fluorescens BIT‐18 was a good candidate for degumming various vegetable oils. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of particulate pollution on foodstuff and other items by environmental scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Giordano Cristiana , Bardi Ugo , Garbini Davide , Suman Michele 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCombustion processes commonly create fine and ultrafine particles whose effects are often harmful to human health. The present study is aimed at providing more data in this field by testing the capability of environmental electron scanning microscopy of detecting and analyzing such particles. For this purpose, we examined a range of samples taken from everyday food items collected in Tuscany. The results showed that, within the examined samples, inorganic particles can be observed in the nano‐ and micrometer range. These particles are attributable mostly to natural processes and, in part, to food processing. Little evidence is found for particles whose origin could be attributed to industrial combustion processes, such as waste incineration. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology selection for cupric oxide thin films by electrodeposition
Authors: Dhanasekaran V. , Mahalingam T. , Chandramohan R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPolycrystalline cupric oxide thin films were deposited using alkaline solution bath employing cathodic electrodeposition method. The thin films were electrodeposited at various solution pH. The surface morphology and elemental analyzes of the films were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, respectively. SEM studies revealed that the surface morphology could be tailored suitably by adjusting the pH value during deposition. Mesh average on multiple lattice mode atomic force microscopy image was obtained and reported. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Minimum degree thresholds for bipartite graph tiling
Authors: Bush Albert , Zhao Yi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGiven a bipartite graph H and a positive integer n such that v(H) divides 2n, we define the minimum degree threshold for bipartite H‐tiling, δ2(n, H), as the smallest integer k such that every bipartite graph G with n vertices in each partition and minimum degree δ(G)≥k contains a spanning subgraph consisting of vertex‐disjoint copies of H. Zhao, Hladký‐Schacht, Czygrinow‐DeBiasio determined δ2(n, Ks, t) exactly for all s⩽t and suffi‐ciently large n. In this article we determine δ2(n, H), up to an additive constant, for all bipartite H and sufficiently large n. Additionally, we give a corresponding minimum degree threshold to guarantee that G has an H‐tiling missing only a constant number of vertices. Our δ2(n, H) depends on either the chromatic number χ(H) or the critical chromatic number χcr(H), while the threshold for the almost perfect tiling only depends on χcr(H). These results can be viewed as bipartite analogs to the results of Kuhn and Osthus [Combinatorica 29 (2009), 65–107] and of Shokoufandeh and Zhao [Rand Struc Alg 23 (2003), 180–205]. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
An efficient synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐one derivatives under catalyst‐free and solvent‐free conditions
Authors: Gao Lijiu , Ji Honglou , Rong Liangce , Tang Dan , Zha Yunyun , Shi Yanhui , Tu Shujiang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA simple, efficient and convenient one‐pot synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐one derivatives under solvent‐free and catalyst‐free conditions by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes, isatoic anhydride, and ammonium acetate was reported. The advantages of this protocol include short reaction time, mild reaction conditions, easy work‐up, high yields, and environmental friendliness. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Synthesis of heterocyclic substituted norcantharidin derivatives
Authors: Deng Liping , Yong Zhang , Tao Weifeng , Shen Jianfeng , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTwenty novel norcantharidin derivatives, which were substituted by thiazole ring, were synthesized in a single step by the [3+2] 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction with oxime or hydrazone in the presence of chloramine‐T when compared with the conventional method. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Dose‐ and volume dependent‐response to intramuscular injection of botulinum neurotoxin‐A optimizes muscle force decrement in mice
Authors: Stone Austin V. , Ma Jianjun , Callahan Michael F. , Smith Beth P. , Garrett Jeffrey P. , Smith Thomas L. , Koman L. Andrew 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBotulinum neurotoxin‐A (BoNTA) is a potent neurotoxin used to alter muscle tone to manage spasticity and to provide tendon bioprotection; however, the appropriate dose and injection volume to administer is not defined. Male mice (n = 120) received BoNTA injections into one gastrocnemius with either a constant volume (10 µl) with a variable dose (1, 3, 6 U/kg) or a constant dose (3 U/kg) in a variable volume (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30 µl). Electromyographic (EMG) examination, muscle force generation (MFG), and wet muscle mass were measured in the ipsilateral and contralateral limbs at 1, 2, 4, or 12 weeks post‐injection. MFG and EMG responses decreased to approximately 40% of contralateral after a 1 U/kg injection and 0% of contralateral by 3 and 6 U/kg injection at 1 week after injection. Neuromuscular blockade was greatest with a 10 µl injection volume. MFG, EMG examination, and wet muscle mass reached contralateral values 12 weeks after injection for all injection doses and volumes tested. Effective injection doses and volumes were identified for producing full and partial neuromuscular blockade in the mouse gastrocnemius. These findings have important clinical implications in the intramuscular administration of BoNTA to manage muscle tone. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:1764–1770, 2011
New age estimates and climatostratigraphic correlations for the Borrobol and Penifiler Tephras: evidence from Abernethy Forest, Scotland
Authors: Matthews I. P. , Birks Hilary H. , Bourne A. J. , Brooks S. J. , Lowe J. J. , MacLeod A. , Pyne‐O'Donnell S. D. F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe emerging tephrostratigraphy of NW Europe spanning the last termination (ca. 15–9 ka) provides the potential for synchronizing marine, ice‐core and terrestrial records, but is currently compromised by stratigraphic complications, geochemical ambiguity and imprecise age estimates for some layers. Here we present new tephrostratigraphic, radiocarbon and chironomid‐based palaeotemperature data from Abernethy Forest, Scotland, that refine the ages and stratigraphic positions of the Borrobol and Penifiler tephras. The Borrobol Tephra (14.14–13.95 cal ka BP) was deposited in a relatively warm period equated with Greenland Interstadial sub‐stage GI‐1e. The younger Penifiler Tephra (14.09–13.65 cal ka BP) is closely associated with a cold oscillation equated with GI‐1d. We also present evidence for a previously undescribed tephra layer that has a major‐element chemical signature identical to the Vedde Ash. It is associated with the warming trend at the end of the Younger Dryas, and dates between 11.79 and 11.20 cal ka BP. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic defects in triacylglycerol and cholesterol uptake
Authors: Stanley John 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMonogenic diseases of triacylglycerol and cholesterol uptake are comparatively rare. However, studying them has brought two benefits. First, studies of these diseases have clarified the different mechanisms whereby triacylglycerols and cholesterol are removed from the circulation. This is important as high circulating concentrations of both lipids are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Second, knowledge of the mechanisms of triacylglycerol and cholesterol uptake has enabled nutritional and pharmaceutical approaches aimed at enhancing uptake to be developed. This has led to the development of statins a highly effective group of cholesterol lowering drugs although similarly effective drugs for lowering triacylglycerol levels have yet to be developed. While the majority of the population has benefited from these developments patients suffering from these monogenic diseases will probably have to await the development of gene therapy for an effective cure of their condition.
Synthesis, Thermal‐Induced Phase Separation, and Solvent‐Induced Switching Behavior of Novel Ionic Polymer Based on Sulfonated Poly(Ethylene‐co‐Vinyl Alcohol) for Li Ion Recovery
Authors: Ko Young Gun , Lee Dong Seong , Lee Gil Sun , Choi Ung Su , Park Yong Sung , Yoo Ki Pung 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of ionic polymer, its solvent‐induced switching behavior, the fabrication of membranes with the thermal‐induced phase separation method (TIPS), and Li+ adsorption isotherm on the membranes are described. The polymer membranes prepared with TIPS method show various textures with polymer concentrations. The adsorption isotherm curves of Li+ on PEVSA samples show that good adsorption capacity is shown at high pH values, according to the S‐shape of the adsorption isotherm. The ionic polymer film displays the different wettability and morphology after treatments in DI water, dichloromethane, and toluene, and its solvent‐induced surface properties are reversible corresponding to solvents. magnified image