bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Better care of immature infants; has it influenced long‐term pulmonary outcome?
Authors: Halvorsen Thomas , Torunn Skadberg Britt , Egil Eide Geir , Drange Røksund Ola , Markestad Trond 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aims: To assess whether lung function in late childhood had improved in subjects born extremely prematurely in the early 1990s compared to the early 1980s, and whether neonatal factors in the respective periods had different impact on long‐term pulmonary outcome. Design: Population‐based, controlled cohort study. Lung function was determined in 81 of 86 (94%) eligible subjects born with gestational age ≤28 weeks or birthweight ≤1000 g in Western Norway in 1982–85 (n=46) and 1991–92 (n=35), and in 81 matched control subjects born at term. Results: The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was similar in the two periods. At follow‐up, airway obstruction, hyper‐responsiveness and pulmonary hyperinflation were similarly increased in both preterm cohorts compared to matched controls. Furthermore, current lung function was similarly related to neonatal respiratory disease in both birth‐cohorts: FEV1 was reduced with respectively 18.6% and 18.7% of predicted in preterms dependent on supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. Lack of antenatal treatment with corticosteroids and prolonged neonatal oxygen treatment predicted similar significant airway obstruction in the two birth‐cohorts. Conclusion: Preterms born in different eras of neonatology had similar long‐term decreases in lung function. Long periods of oxygen supplementation are still required to salvage immature infants, and airway obstruction may still be a common long‐term outcome.
Bone, lean and fat mass of newborn twins versus singletons
Authors: Demarini Sergio , Koo Winston W. K. , Hockman Elaine M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: Twin gestations are associated with disturbed fetal growth. The aim of this study was to compare body composition measurements of twins to those of singletons. Methods: Anthropometric and dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements were performed in twins and in matched singleton neonates. There were 48 pairs of twins in which 76 infants were appropriate for gestational age (AGA) with birth weights between the 10th and 90th percentile and 20 were small for gestational age (SGA) with birth weights <10th percentiles. Each AGA twin was matched as closely as possible for birth weight to an AGA singleton. Each SGA twin was matched with two cohorts of AGA singletons: one with similar birth weight and one with similar gestation. Results: For AGA twins and their singleton cohort matched for birth weights, profile analysis using repeated measure analysis of variance showed that there were no significant differences in bone, fat and lean mass either as absolute values or as percentage of total weight. This was also the case for body composition of SGA twins compared to singletons matched for birth weight. In contrast, SGA twins have significantly lower absolute amounts of lean with tendency to lower fat and bone mass. Conclusion: For clinically normally grown neonates, with comparable weight, the body composition with respect to bone, fat and lean mass components are similar regardless whether they are products of singleton or twin pregnancies.
Serum neopterin levels in children with primary nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Bakr Ashraf , Rageh Ibrahim , El‐Azouny Mohamed , Deyab Safaa , Lotfy Hend 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To assess the changes that occurs in serum neopterin levels in children with primary nephrotic syndrome. Methods: Serum neopterin levels were measured by ELISA in 38 children with active primary nephrotic syndrome (group I) and 17 children with primary nephrotic syndrome in remission (group II) and 20 healthy controls. All patients had normal creatinine clearance. Among group I, 28 patients were steroid‐sensitive while 10 patients were steroid‐resistant. Results: Serum neopterin levels were significantly elevated in group I patients (median = 30, 7.2–43.2 nmol/l) compared with group II (median = 6, 2–10 nmol/l, P<0.001) and controls (median = 3.2, range: 0.4–1.8 nmol/l, P<0.001). Group II patients had similar neopterin levels compared with controls (P=0.71). There was a significant positive correlation between serum neopterin levels and the degree of proteinuria in group I patients (r = 0.4, P=0.01). No significant differences in serum neopterin levels were noted between steroid‐sensitive and steroid‐resistant patients (P=0.4). Conclusion: Serum neopterin could be used as a marker of the activity of primary nephrotic syndrome but it could not be used to differentiate between steroid‐sensitive and steroid‐resistant patients.
The pattern of inheritance of X‐linked traits is not dominant or recessive, just X‐linked
Authors: Dobyns William B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOur modern concepts of genetic inheritance originated nearly a century ago. Early concepts of dominant and recessive inheritance were developed in insects and were subsequently applied to sex‐linked inheritance in mammals. Years of clinical experience, however, suggest that the modern‐day rules for X‐linked dominant and recessive diseases do not explain why so many female carriers of X‐linked ‘recessive’ disorders have an abnormal phenotype. In a review of 32 X‐linked diseases we revealed an unexpectedly high degree of intermediate disease penetrance in females that cannot be explained by existing concepts. We recommend that the terms ‘dominant’ and recessive’ be abandoned and that these disorders be referred to as X‐linked. In this review we will present modified rules for X‐linked inheritance and propose hypotheses related to the potential mechanisms that may explain differences in disease expression in females. Conclusion: Past assumptions regarding factors that may affect phenotype in heterozygous females do not capture the extraordinarily variable expressivity of X‐linked disorders in females and need to be revisited.
Dilated cardiomyopathy in children
Authors: Giulia Gagliardi Maria 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a rare disease in the paediatric population. We analysed the epidemiology, clinical features and role of immunotherapy in the treatment of myocarditis. On the basis of experimental evidence, indicating that autoimmunity might play a role in the development of myocarditis, we treated children affected by myocarditis with immunosuppressive therapy, and we present here our series. The future availability of reliable prognostic markers should allow treatment of only those children with myocarditis who do not spontaneously recover. The possibility that DCM with myocarditis is a distinct pathological entity from the non‐inflammatory form of DCM is suggested. Conclusion: The high long‐term survival rate observed in our children with myocarditis is probably due to the effect of short‐term immunosuppression. This result is at odds with previously published series of conventionally treated children, whose survival probability at 1 y was approximately 0.60.
Infant leukaemia: Clinical, biological and therapeutic advances
Authors: Luciani Matteo , Rana Ippolita , Pansini Valecia. , Caniglia Mauzilio , Coletti Valentina , Maraschini Alice , Lombardi Alessandra , De Rossi Giulio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractInfant acute lymphoid leukaemia (IALL) represents a distinct subset with an extremely poor response to therapy, despite major progress in the treatment of childhood leukaemia. However, several studies have shown that, even in this generally considered homogeneous group, a distinction could be made with regard to prognosis. The outcome of IALL patients with ALL‐1/MLL rearrangements at the 11q23 cytogenetic band, early pre‐B immunophenotype, high WBC count and age below 6 mo is significantly worse than in patients without these characteristics, and current therapies appear inadequate in a significant number of cases. Therefore, an international protocol (Interfant 99) was recently started, using a more aggressive approach, which included lymphoid‐ and myeloid‐specific drugs, and indications for stem‐cell transplantation. We reviewed the clinical characteristics of the disease, the results of several recent international clinical trials, and our experience with 16 infants with acute lymphoid leukaemia diagnosed and treated at our institution. Conclusion: It is extremely important to stratify patients for prognosis, taking into account clinical and biological variables with independent prognostic value. The aim is to select more adequate, risk‐adapted, therapeutic strategies which also consider related or unrelated bone marrow transplant consolidation for patients with very poor prognosis.
RECHERCHES SUR LA FERMENTATION MUTATIVE DES BACTÉRIES.
Authors: Kristensen. Martin 
Published: August 2010

ResumeDes recherches faites sur une ample base concernant la fermentation mutative de la l‐arabinose chez une souche de Salmonella dublin donnèrent les résultats principaux que voici:10 La fermentation commence à se manifester à une époque si préeoce après l'ensemencement des tubes qu'il ne paraiCt pas exister une période latente dans la transformation des cultures en un état mutable. Ceci est en plein accord avec la théorie selon laquelle la mutation proprement dite se produit indépendamment de la présence de l'arabinose; cette concordance ne suffit cependant pas pour faire la démonstration absolue.20 Durant les premières 1 ou 2 semaines la mutation se produit avec une fréquence relativement faible mais aboutit à une fermentation rapide; au fur et à mesure que la culture vieillit la tendance à la mutation augmente, mais le pouvoir fermentatif de la forme mutée est en général plus faible.30 Par rapport au nombre de bactéries renfermé dans la culture le minimum de la mutabilité coincide avec le maximum du nombre de bactéries.4o La modification de la mutabilité est due à la cultivation prolongée sans ensemencement combinée avec la présence de l'arabinose; à lui seul ni l'un, ni l'autre de ces deux facteurs paraiCt eCtre suffisant à cet égard.50 La forme mutée à fermentation faible peut eCtre transformé en forme à fermentation intensive au moyen de l'ensemencement quotidien dans un milieu renfermant de l'arabinose; il s'agit ici d'une mutation secondaire.
ÜBER POLYVALENTE IMMUNSEREN ZUR SALMONELLA‐DIAGNOSE.
Authors: Kauffmann F. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.Es wird über die Herstellung polyvalenter Salmonella O‐und H‐Seren durch gleichzeitige Immunisierung von Kaninchen mit mehreren Typen berichtet, durch die eine Vereinfachung der serologischen Salmonella‐Diagnose möglich ist.Durch Mischung von 3 polyvalenten O‐ resp. 4 polyvalenten H‐Seren wurden 2 Mischseren gewonnen, mit denen man alle bekannten Salmonella‐ O‐ und H‐Antigene in der Objektglas‐Agglutination erfassen kann.Die Kaninchen vertrugen die gleichzeitige Injektion mehrerer Typen ausgezeichnet und reagierten gegen alle benutzten Antigene in gleicher Weise, sodass von einer »Konkurrenz der Antigene« nichts zu merken war.
ÜBER WEITERE NEUE SALMONELLA‐TYPEN
Authors: Kauffmann. Von F. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.Es werden serologische und kulturelle Untersuchungen an weiteren, neuen Salmonella‐Typen mitgeteilt. Von diesen Typen verdient S. salinatis ein besonderes Interesse, da aus der ursprünglich diphasischen Kultur (IV.XII … d, e, h ← d — e, h ← e, n, z15…) mit Hilfe von Gard‐Platten 3 natürliche Phasen d — e, h ← e, n, z15… isoliert wurden.Beiläufig werden einige Bemerkungen über Ammonnähr‐böden sowie über die Thermolabilität des H‐Antigens gemacht.
Serologische und Genetische Untersuchungen Über Seltene A‐Typen Bei Menschen
Authors: Gammelgaard Arne 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.

Es werden die serologischen Kennzeichen des Typus A, beschreiben, wovon im ganzen 203 (170 A, und 33 A, B) nachgewiesen worden sind. Charakteristisch ist die eigentiimliche Agglutination, eine Mischung nichtagglutinierter und agglutinierter Blk. in allen Iso‐B‐ und Anti‐A‐Immunseren. Es wird gezeigt, dass diese Agglutination auf einer ungleichmassigen Starke des A‐Rezeptors der A,‐Blk. beruht. Die Absorptionsfahigkeit liegt zwischen A, und A, B. Im Serum von 60 A,‐Individuen wird in keinem Falle bei Zimmertemperatur irregulares a, nachgewiesen. In Anti‐O‐ haltigem Ochsenserum werden A,‐Blk. kraftiger agglutiniert als A‐Blk.

Der A‐Tupus betrdgt ungefdhr 1 OJOO der A‐Gruppe. Durch eine Untersuchung von 26 A,‐Familien wird wahrscheinlich gemacht, dass sich A, auf Basis eines 3. allelomorphen A‐Gens vererbIm Speichel von A,‐Individuen, die Ausscheider sind, wird weniger A‐Antigen nachgewiesen als bei Ausscheidern des A,‐ und A,‐Typus.
Serologische und Genetische Untersuchungen Über Seltene A‐Typen Bei Menschen
Authors: Gammelgaard Arne 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.

Es wurden 10 Individuen der Typus A, bestimmt. A, ist durch einen quantitativ schwacheren Rezeptor als A, gekennzeichnet, ca. 8ma1 so schmch, etwas schwacher als der A‐Rezeptor bei A, B. Im Serum von 10 A,‐Individuen wird in 4 Fallen irregulares a, bei Zimmertemperatur nachgewiesen. In Anti‐0‐haltigem Ochsenserum agglutinieren A,‐Blk. mit annahernd derselben Starke wie A. Familie 1 (hier Familie J.) aus Friedenreichs A,‐Material ist eine A,‐Familie. 3 A,‐Familien machen es wahrscheinlich, dass sich A, auf Basis eines allelomorphen A‐Gens vererbt. Zm Speichel von 19 A,‐Zndividuen wird eine so geringe Menge A‐Antigen nachgewiesen, dass sie alle zur Nicht‐Ausscheidergruppe zurechnen sind.
Der A,‐Typus ist der friiher von Gammelgaard und Marcussen in der Zeitschr. f. Immunitatsf. 98: 411, 1940 als A, beschriebene Rezeptor. Weitere 3 Falle sind bestimmt worden. A, isf ein noch schwacherer A‐Rezeptor als A, ca. 8‐ma1 so schwach. Was die serologischen Verhaltnisse betrifft, sei iibrigens auf den friiheren Artikel. verwiesen. Zm Speichel von 18 A,‐Zndividuen wird eine so geringe Menge Antigen nachgewiesen, dass sie alle in die Nicht‐A usscheidergruppe fallen.
Gewisse 0‐Seren verwischen das fur A, charakteristische Agglutinationsbild, indem sie mit den in B‐Seren unagglutinierten Blk. eine schwache Agglutination ergeben. Diese 0‐Seren agglutinieren die A, und A,‐Blk. kraftiger als B‐Seren mit demselben Titer. Andere O‐Seren verhalten sich wie B‐Seren.
Immunisierung von Kaninchen mit A,‐, A,‐ und A,‐Blk. ergibt qualitativ und quantitativ den gleichen A‐Antistoff.
A, ist durch einen A‐Rezeptorgehalt der Blk. in derselben Hohe wie A, B gekennzeichnet. Kein a, im Serum. Keine Reaktion mit Anti‐0. A‐Antigen im Speichel mengenmassig ebenso vie1 wie bei A,‐Ausscheidern. Es wird die Moglichkeit erorfert, dass es sich urn einen defekten A‐Typus handelt, bei dem das alkohollosliche Antigensystem in der En fwicklung gehemmt ist, wahrend das wasserlosliche natiirlich entwickelt isf, entweder wegen Wegfalls normal fur die Entwicklung des alkoholaufloslichen Antigensystems vorhandener Gene oder wegen Einwirkung eines rezeptormodifizierenden Gens auf das alkoholauflosliche Antigensystem.
THE VASCULAR SUPPLY OF TUMOURS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CAPILLARY ANGIOARCHITEKTURE
Authors: Lindgren Ake G. H. , Docent M. D. 
Published: August 2010

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei den meisten Geschwülsten erfolgt die Blutversorgung durch neu gebildete Gefässe, die aus umgebendem Organgewebe von mehreren Seiten her in den Tumor eindringen. In bösartigen Geschwülsten sind solche Gefässe in der Regel niedrig differenziert, vom embryonalen Typus, ohne elastische Lamellen in der Wandung; in gutartigen Tumoren können die Gefässe höher differenziert sein und denen in normalem Gewebe mehr ähneln.Bei niedrig differenzierten bösartigen Geschwülsten weicht die kapilläre Angioarchitektonik stark von der in entsprechendem normalem Gewebe gewöhnlichen ab, während bei gutartigen, hoch differenzierten Tumoren in dieser Beziehung grössere Ähnlichkeiten zu bestehen pflegen.Wenn sich ein maligner Tumor in einem Gewebe ausbreitet, dann werden die präformierten Gefässe des letzteren zerstört, und man sieht etwaige Gefässreste hauptsächlich an der Peripherie der Geschwulst, wo sie sich bei Elastinfärming am leichtesten nachweisen lassen. Dieser Umstand kann diagnostisch wertvoll sein.Die Tumoren mit zierlichem, lockerem Stroma sind im allgemeinen reicher an Kapillaren als diejenige mit fibrösem, zellarmem. Es gibt aber Ausnahmen von dieser Regel.An der Grenze zwischen vital und regressiv verändertem Tumorgewebe sieht man fast regelmässig eine »trauerrandähnliche« Gefässerweiterung und Diapedese‐Blutungen, sicher im Zusammenhang mit intravitalen Staseerscheinungen entstanden, die durch Gefässkompression, örtlichen Blutdruckfall, intravaskuläre Tumorproliferation u. dgl. bedingt sind.Die kapillare Angioarchitektonik der Metastasen deckt sich in der Regel ziemlich gut mit derjenigen des Primärtumors.Den Geschwülsten scheint eine zuvor nicht nachgewiesene, bis zu einem gewissen Grade spezifische kapillare Angioarchitektonik eigen zu sein, die mitunter die Klassifizierung derselben lediglich an Hand von Präparaten mit Blutkörperchenfärbung ermöglicht. Dies gilt namentlich für höher differenzierte Tumoren, was schon aus den Mikrophotographien in der vorliegenden Arbeit ersichtlich werden dürfte. Nur undifferenzierte Tumorformen weisen oft in verschiedenen Organen eine so uncharakteristische kapillare Angioarchitektonik auf, dass es nicht möglich ist, lediglich auf Grund derselben den Ursprung der Geschwulst anzugeben.
SEROLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Rosendal Kirsten 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYAntigenic analysis of 18 strains of hemolytic streptococci, group A, representing 18 different types, was carried out during autoclaving at 120°C and 127°C.The T antigen could not be found after 5 minutes at 120°C. The C substance resisted heating for 2 hours at 127°C, whereas the M antigen was gradually destroyed at rates that varied with the different strains. The destruction was complete after 2 hours at 127°C with one exception: type 24.In 14 of the 18 strains examined, the O antigen (Thulin) contained, besides the C substance, remnants of the M antigens, whereas these antigens in 3 of the strains were destroyed by the heat treatment.
RARE TYPES OF MALIGNANT GASTRIC TUMORS
Authors: Eker Reidar , Efskind Jon 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe Laboratory for Pathology of the Norwegian Radium Hospital has material for the period 1939–1954 comprising 1784 partially or totally gastrectomized stomachs with malignant tumors. Among these there are 21 cases, or 1.2 per cent, which are a distinct tumor type interpreted as hemangioendotheliomas. They are sufficiently well characterized pathologically to be diagnosed. The tumors exhibit a very moderate malignancy with a good prognosis. The pathology of these tumors, particularly their macroscopic features, histology and differential diagnostics are discussed, and the results of follow‐up examinations are presented.
LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS DISSEMINATUS
Authors: Skogrand Aase 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY4 autopsied cases of lupus erythematosus disseminatus are described. The patients were women aged 19–37 years and the duration of the disease was from 7 months to 2 1/2 years. In all cases the first symptom was exanthema.At autopsy, Libman‐Sacks endocarditis was found in two cases. In all 4 cases, periarterial fibrosis of the follicular arteries in the spleen occurred. In arterioles and small arteries of different organs there was fibrinoid degeneration of the vessel wall, partly with moderate perivascular lymphocyte infiltration. In two cases, vascular changes in the kidneys formed characteristic “wire loop lesions” and there were groups of “hematoxylin bodies” in the glomerular tuft. “Hematoxylin bodies” were also found in the lymph nodes in two cases.Histochemical examinations revealed that the “hematoxylin bodies” contained desoxyribose‐nucleic acid and a tyrosin‐containing protein.Pathogenetic points of view recently brought forth concerning lupus erythematosus disseminatus are discussed.
HEMOLYSIN RESPONSE IN THE RAT AFTER A SINGLE INTRAPERITONEAL INJECTION OF SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Berglund Kaare 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYAn investigation has been made of the characteristics of the hemolysin response in rats after a single intraperitoneal injection of varied amounts of sheep erythrocytes.A detailed description of the hemolysin titration technic is given. The error of the method has been calculated and found to be small in comparison with the interindividual variation of the hemolysin response within groups of animals. The consequence of this circumstance for certain types of immunological research work is stressed.Previous work in this field has been confirmed with respect to the general type of the antibody curve. In addition the results suggest that larger doses of antigen gave an earlier maximum titer than smaller amounts. From the eighth day after the antigen injection and onwards the antibody curves seemed to assume a rather uniform slope.
Sonography of the Clitoris
Authors: Buisson Odile , Foldes Pierre , Paniel Bernard-Jean 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The prevalence of invasive procedures in diagnosing female sexual dysfunctions and pathologies is high. There is a need for a less invasive evaluation tool and medical imaging of the clitoris may be a solution. The clitoris has already been studied with nuclear magnetic resonance but there are very few sonographic 2D and 3D studies despite the fact that it is a simple, noninvasive, and inexpensive method.

Aim
This study aims at determining the feasibility of using ultrasound (US) techniques to image the clitoris in sufficient detail to permit evaluation of anatomy for possible use in study.

Methods
The ultrasounds were performed in five healthy volunteers with the Voluson® GE® Sonography system (GE Healthcare Ultrasound, Zipf, Austria), using one 12-MHz flat probe.

Main Outcome Measures
The clitoral body's diameter, the length of the raphe.

Results
The three planes—the cross-section, sagittal section, and coronal section—were revealed making it possible to study the entire organ.

Conclusion
The sonography is a simple, inexpensive, noninvasive mean which might help for the evaluation of this organ.