bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of erythromycin residuals in food on the development of resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: an in vivo study in Galleria mellonella
Authors: Baranchyk Yuliia , Gestels Zina , Van den Bossche Dorien , Abdellati Saïd , Britto Xavier Basil , Manoharan-Basil Sheeba Santhini , Kenyon Chris 
Published: May 2024

Background
The use of antimicrobials to treat food animals may result in antimicrobial residues in foodstuffs of animal origin. The European Medicines Association (EMA) and World Health Organization (WHO) define safe antimicrobial concentrations in food based on acceptable daily intakes (ADIs). It is unknown if ADI doses of antimicrobials in food could influence the antimicrobial susceptibility of human-associated bacteria.

Objectives
This aim of this study was to evaluate if the consumption of ADI doses of erythromycin could select for erythromycin resistance in a Galleria mellonella model of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.

Methods
A chronic model of S. pneumoniae infection in G. mellonella larvae was used for the experiment. Inoculation of larvae with S. pneumoniae was followed by injections of erythromycin ADI doses (0.0875 and 0.012 μg/ml according to EMA and WHO, respectively). Isolation of S. pneumoniae colonies was then performed on selective agar plates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of resistant colonies were measured, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed followed by variant calling to determine the genetic modifications.

Results
Exposure to single doses of both EMA and WHO ADI doses of erythromycin resulted in the emergence of erythromycin resistance in S. pneumoniae. Emergent resistance to erythromycin was associated with a mutation in rplA, which codes for the L1 ribosomal protein and has been linked to macrolide resistance in previous studies.

Conclusion
In our in vivo model, even single doses of erythromycin that are classified as acceptable by the WHO and EMA induced significant increases in erythromycin MICs in S. pneumoniae. These results suggest the need to include the induction of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a significant criterion for determining ADIs.
Phylogenetic Group and Virulence Gene Profile of Bovine Mastitis Escherichia coli Isolates from North West Cameroon
Authors: Abegewi Ursula Anneh , Esemu Seraphine Nkie , Ndip Roland N. , Ndip Lucy M. 
Published: May 2024

Escherichia coli, a facultative anaerobic bacterium existing in symbiosis in the gut of warm-blooded animals, has several strains some of which are pathogenic. Its virulence and pathogenicity have been associated with one of several phylogenetic groups. We examined bovine mastitis E. coli strains to identify phylogenetic groups and virulence genes in order to understand the public health implications of consuming unpasteurised milk. Thirty-seven E. coli isolates previously recovered from mastitis milk and identified by biochemical methods were confirmed by PCR and sequencing. The phylogenetic groups associated with mastitis were determined by the Clermont quadruplex PCR method. We also investigated 23 virulence genes in the isolates. All 37 isolates were confirmed to be E. coli. The phylogenetic groups detected were: A (37.8%), B1 (37.8%), F (8.1%), D (2.7%) and E (2.7%). We detected 11 of the 23 virulence genes investigated, and thirty-six (97.3%) isolates harboured at least one virulence gene. The genes detected were fimH (91.9%), traT (62.2%), ehlyA and stx2 (37.8% each), eaeA (35.1%), stx1 (29.7%), f17 (16.7%), kspMII (13.5%), iucD (10.8%), malX (8.1%) and hlyA (8.1%). Nine virulence gene combinations were identified in phylogroups A and B. The detection of iucD and malX were significantly associated with E. coli that belonged to phylogenetic group F. Most E. coli strains in this study are related to intestinal E. coli pathotypes, based on the phylogroups and virulence genes suggesting a public health threat. Hence, biosafety measures are recommended in handling raw milk, while consuming unpasteurized milk should be discouraged.
Assessment of Polygenic Traits Association with Yield in Soybean Genotypes
Authors: Sharma Arjun , Saxena Kanak , Panwar Nitesh Kumar , Singh K.P 
Published: May 2024

Soybean is one of the important oilseed crop at global level with special concern to India. Despite its global dominance, India's contribution to the soybean scene remains relatively modest, with a production ranking of fourth but only a 5% share of the world's output. For this concern, the analysis of the relationships among yield attributing characters and their associations with seed yield is essential to establish selection criteria. The experimental material used in the present study comprised of fourteen lines (8 F1s and 6 parental lines). The characters viz., number of pods/plant, primary branches/plant, harvest index, plant height, secondary branch/plant, biological yield, 100-seed weight and days-to-50% flowering recorded significant positive correlation coefficient with seed yield both at genotypic and phenotypic level. Path coefficient analysis further pinpointed 100-seed weight, harvest index, and pods per plant as the traits with the most direct positive impact on seed yield. Additionally, the study identified plant height, pods/plant, primary branches/plant, 100-seed weight, and the harvest index as the key contributors to soybean yield, suggesting these traits as primary targets for manipulation in breeding programs aimed at yield improvement.
Effect of Intercropping with Leafy Vegetables on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Gladiolus Under Agro-Climatic Conditions of Prayagraj
Authors: Diengdoh Haphisamanbha , Singh Devi , Fatmi Urfi 
Published: May 2024

Intercropping brings diversity of species in the cropping systems and is considered to make them more resilient against environmental stresses. It can significantly enhance the efficient use of land, water and solar energy besides assuring insurance against failure of one or the other crops. Therefore, an attempt was made to include leafy vegetable crops as intercrops in gladiolus cv. Novalux, for higher productivity and profitability per unit area. The experiment consists of seven treatments with three replications. From the present investigation, it was concluded that the intercrops significantly affected the performance of gladiolus. The intercropping combination T6: Gladiolus + Fenugreek gave the best results in terms of plant height (91.40 cm), number of leaves per plant (18.53), number of shoots per corm (4.93), days to spike initiation (64.33), spike length (73.93 cm), rachis length (49.47 cm), number of florets per spike (12.93), floret size (11.27), vase life (18.53 days), weight of corms (63.67g) and cormlets (6.77g), yield of corms (2385.00kg/ha) and cormlets (225.50kg/ha). The herbage yield per plot was recorded the highest in T3: Fenugreek sole (880.00. g), and intercropping combination of Gladiolus and fenugreek (T6) gave 665.83g. Based on the recent findings, intercropping of fenugreek with gladiolus can be recommended and expanded on a larger scale for additional yield.
High Pseudocapacitance from Ultrathin V2O5Films Electrodeposited on Self‐Standing Carbon‐Nanofiber Paper
Authors: Ghosh Arunabha , Ra Eun Ju , Jin Meihua , Jeong Hae‐Kyung , Kim Tae Hyung , Biswas Chandan , Lee Young Hee 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn ultrathin V2O5layer was electrodeposited by cyclic voltammetry on a self‐standing carbon‐nanofiber paper, which was obtained by stabilization and heat‐treatment of an electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based nanofiber paper. A very‐high capacitance of 1308 F g−1was obtained in a 2MKCl electrolyte when the contribution from the 3 nm thick vanadium oxide was considered alone, contributing to over 90% of the total capacitance (214 F g−1) despite the low weight percentage of the V2O5(15 wt%). The high capacitance of the V2O5is attributed to the large external surface area of the carbon nanofibers and the maximum number of active sites for the redox reaction of the ultrathin V2O5layer. This ultrathin layer is almost completely accessible to the electrolyte and thus results in maximum utilization of the oxide (i.e., minimization of dead volume). This hypothesis was experimentally evaluated by testing V2O5layers of different thicknesses.
Magnetic/Silica Nanocomposites as Dual‐Mode Contrast Agents for Combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonography
Authors: Malvindi Maria Ada , Greco Antonio , Conversano Francesco , Figuerola Albert , Corti Maurizio , Bonora Marco , Lascialfari Alessandro , Doumari Houshang Amiri , Moscardini Marco , Cingolani Roberto , Gigli Giuseppe , Casciaro Sergio , Pellegrino Teresa , Ragusa Andrea 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA simple and efficient method for synthesizing a range of hybrid nanocomposites based on a core of silica nanospheres (160, 330, and 660 nm in diameter) covered by an outer shell of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, either iron oxide or heterodimeric FePt‐iron oxide nanocrystals, is presented. The magnetic and ultrasound characterization of the resulting nanocomposites shows that they have great potential as contrast agents for dual‐mode imaging purposes, combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US).
High‐dose imatinib for newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients—Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gafter‐Gvili Anat , Leader Avi , Gurion Ronit , Vidal Liat , Ram Ron , Shacham‐Abulafia Adi , Ben‐Bassat Isaac , Lishner Michael , Shpilberg Ofer , Raanani Pia 
Published: May 2011

AbstractImatinib at a dose of 400 mg daily is considered frontline treatment in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP‐CML).We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing frontline treatment with imatinib 400 mg daily versus higher doses (≥600 mg daily) in patients with CP‐CML.The search yielded four trials, randomizing 1,673 patients. At 12 months, high dose compared with standard dose imatinib improved complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08–1.26, four trials, I2 = 33%) as well as major molecular response (MMolR) (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.12–1.42, four trials, I2 = 0%). There was no difference in all‐cause mortality or disease progression at the end of follow up. Adverse events requiring discontinuation were more common in the high‐dose arm (RR 1.98, 95% CI 1.20–3.26, three trials, I2 = 0%), as were Grade III/IV neutropenia and thrombocytopenia: RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.15–2.12 and RR 1.86, 95% CI 1.28–2.70, respectively.There is currently insufficient evidence to support the routine use of higher doses of imatinib as frontline treatment for CP‐CML. Extended follow up is needed to evaluate if the superior CCyR and MMolR with higher doses of imatinib will translate to long‐term clinical benefit. Am. J. Hematol. 86:657–662, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Observer choices during experimental foraging tasks in brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)
Authors: Dindo Marietta , Leimgruber K.L. , Ahmed Riaan , Whiten Andrew , de Waal Frans B.M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe investigated whether capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) would choose to observe a high‐ or low‐status adult female from their group during experimental foraging tests. The subject was located in the center of a test chamber, with a low‐ and high‐ranking demonstrator on either side of two partitions. A peephole allowed the subject to observe the models by looking through either respective partition. Each model was trained on one of the two different methods, lift or pull, for retrieving food from a foraging apparatus. There were 22 subjects and four models. During the 40‐trial test sessions, subjects could choose which model they would watch in each trial. It was predicted that subjects would prefer observing the model with whom it was closer in rank, and therefore share greater affiliation with. Results showed that only half the subjects showed a preference and that preference was not linked to status. Relatedness played a larger role in determining if a subject showed a preference for a model, and a correlation was found for relatedness and observer preference. After the observer preference tests, subjects were presented with the foraging apparatus to determine if they displayed a preference for one of the two tasks. The majority of subjects (17/22) showed a preference for the pull method, suggesting that this method may have been more salient to the monkeys in this study. Am. J. Primatol. 73:920–927, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental evidence for olfactory predator recognition in wild mouse lemurs
Authors: Kappel Philipp , Hohenbrink Sarah , Radespiel Ute 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAlthough primates have remarkable olfactory capabilities, their ability for olfactory predator recognition is still understudied. We investigated this cognitive ability in wild gray and golden‐brown mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus and M. ravelobensis) that were confronted with four different olfactory stimuli, derived from two Malagasy predators (fossa and barn owl) and two local nonpredator species (brown lemur and sifaka). The predator response was tested (1) in a systematic cage setup and (2) in a two‐way choice experiment with two Sherman traps on platforms in the forest (stimulus trap vs. nonstimulus trap). For part 1, the study animals were housed in cages during habituation and 5 days of experiments. One stimulus was tested per night and was presented underneath a drinking bottle. The changes in the time spent close to the stimulus and the drinking time at the bottle were used as indicators of predator recognition. A timidity score was established by classifying the strength of the antipredator response during the experiment. The study animals spent significantly less time drinking and less time in the stimulus area when confronted with fossa odor compared with the other stimuli. The timidity score was significantly higher during the fossa stimulus compared with the nonpredator and the control stimuli. The two‐way choice experiments revealed a complete avoidance of the fossa odor, which was not found with the other stimuli. Thus, wild mouse lemurs showed clear signs of olfactory predator recognition in the case of the fossa in both experiments, but no signs of avoidance to the other presented stimuli. The lack of owl avoidance may be explained by less or no aversive metabolites in the owl stimulus or by lower significance for olfactory recognition of aerial predators. Furthermore, the results showed slight differences between the two mouse lemur species that may be linked to differences in their ecology. Am. J. Primatol. 73:928–938, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome results of endoscopic vs craniofacial resection of sinonasal malignancies: a systematic review and pooled‐data analysis
Authors: Higgins Thomas S. , Thorp Brian , Rawlings Brad A. , Han Joseph K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic approaches of sinonasal malignancies are now being described. This study aims to conduct a systematic review with a pooled‐data analysis to compare outcomes of endoscopic vs craniofacial resection of sinonasal malignancies.MethodsA search was conducted of MEDLINE (1966–2008), EMBASE (1980–2008), Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, clinicaltrials.gov, and The National Guideline Clearinghouse databases and supplemented by references in retrieved articles. All authors used a detailed list of inclusion and exclusion criteria to determine articles eligible for final inclusion. The authors extracted data regarding study criteria appraisal, sinonasal malignancy characteristics, survival outcomes, and recurrence. Kaplan‐Meier survival and locoregional control rates were calculated and compared using the log‐rank test.ResultsOf the 2314 citations reviewed, the search yielded 15 case series with individual data on 226 patients. The most common malignancies were esthesioneuroblastoma (47%), adenocarcinoma (24%), and undifferentiated carcinoma (22%). The overall 5‐year survival rate for the sample was 56.5% (standard error [SE] ± 3.8). Because of the paucity of data with endoscopic resection of high‐stage malignancies, the outcome results were highly variable and no useful comparison could be made. Among low‐stage malignancies (T1–2 or Kadish A‐B), the endoscopic and open approaches demonstrated no statistically significant difference in outcome results. The 5‐year overall survival was 87.4% (SE ± 5.3) in the endoscopic group vs 76.8% (SE ± 8.3) for open approaches (p = 0.351); disease‐specific survival was 94.7% (SE ± 3.7) vs 87.7% (SE ± 6.7; p = 0.258); and locoregional control rate was 89.5% (SE ± 5.0) vs 77.2% (SE ± 10.4; p = 0.251).ConclusionTransnasal endoscopic resection appears to be a reasonable alternative to craniofacial resection in the management of low‐stage sinonasal malignancies. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Analysis of fexofenadine in pharmaceutical formulations using tris(1,10‐phenanthroline)–ruthenium(II) peroxydisulphate chemiluminescence system in a multichip device
Authors: Al Lawati Haider A. J. , Al Dahmani Zeiyana M. , Suliman Fakhr Eldin O. , Al Kindy Salma M. Z. , Al‐Lawati Ali M. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTA simple, rapid and sensitive method has been developed for the analysis of fexofenadine (FEX) in pharmaceutical formulations, using a tris(1,10‐phenanthroline)–ruthenium(II) [Ru(phen)32+] peroxydisulphate chemiluminescence (CL) system in a multichip device. Various parameters that influence the CL signal intensity were optimized. These included pH, flow rates and concentration of reagents used. Under optimum conditions, a linear calibration curve in the range 0.05–5.0 µg/mL was obtained. The detection limit was found to be 0.001 µg/mL. The procedure was applied to the analysis of FEX in pharmaceutical products and was found to be free from interference from concomitants usually present in these preparations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perioperative use of a neutrophil elastase inhibitor in video-assisted thoracoscopic oesophagectomy for cancer
Authors: Makino H , Kunisaki C , Kosaka T , Akiyama H , Morita S , Endo I 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis study was undertaken to assess the value of administering perioperative sivelestat sodium hydrate (SSH), a selective neutrophil elastase inhibitor, after video-assisted thoracoscopic oesophagectomy for cancer.MethodThirty-one consecutive patients with thoracic oesophageal cancer selected to undergo video-assisted thoracoscopic oesophagectomy with lymph node dissection between March 2007 and March 2009 were assigned randomly to a treatment group that received SSH intravenously for 7 days from the beginning of surgery (16 patients) and a control group that received saline (15). The primary endpoint was pulmonary function based on the arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (P/F ratio) during the first 9 days after surgery. Secondary endpoints included platelet count, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, plasma neutrophil elastase–α1-antitrypsin complex level, duration of mechanical ventilation and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay.ResultsThe mean P/F ratio of patients who received SSH was significantly higher than that of the control group on postoperative days 1–5 and 7. Duration of mechanical ventilation and SIRS, and length of ICU stay were significantly shorter in the treatment group. Serum CRP concentration on postoperative day 9 was significantly lower (P = 0·048), platelet counts on days 2, 3 and 5 were higher (P = 0·012, P = 0·049 and P = 0·006 respectively), and the incidence of postoperative acute lung injury was significantly lower following SSH treatment (P = 0·023).ConclusionPerioperative sivelestat may maintain postoperative pulmonary function following video-assisted oesophagectomy. Registration number: NCT01170845 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Childhood Maltreatment and Internalized Shame in Adults with a Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Fowke Alex , Ross Susan , Ashcroft Katie 
Published: May 2011

Relatively little is understood regarding the aetiology of bipolar disorder (BD) other than for the influence of a large genetic component on the development of the disorder and the impact of stressful life events on changes in current mood. However, amongst a range of psychiatric diagnoses, research consistently demonstrates a higher frequency of reports of childhood abuse and neglect compared with individuals in the general population. In addition, those who report experiences of childhood maltreatment also report high levels of internalized shame in adulthood, although there is little research demonstrating this association amongst clinical populations. An adult sample of 35 participants with a diagnosis of BD and a control group of 35 participants with no psychiatric diagnoses completed measures of childhood abuse and neglect, and internalized shame. Participants in the BD group reported a significantly greater frequency of high levels of childhood trauma compared with participants in the control group, with the reported frequency of childhood emotional abuse and neglect being particularly high. Levels of current internalized shame were also significantly higher amongst participants in the BD group. Significant correlations were observed between current internalized shame and reports of childhood emotional abuse and neglect. Clinical implications of the study's findings are discussed, and limitations of the methodology are considered. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

The frequency of reports of childhood trauma would appear to be higher amongst adults with a diagnosis of BD compared with individuals with no psychiatric diagnoses.
Levels of internalized shame in adulthood are also likely to be higher than those in the general population, although the current literature does not shed light on the relationship between childhood abuse and neglect, mood‐related behaviour, and shame.
Experiences of childhood abuse and neglect, particularly childhood emotional abuse and emotional neglect, are likely to be frequently reported by clients with a diagnosis of BD. Clinicians should therefore explicitly consider these experiences in their assessment, formulation and intervention with clients with a diagnosis of BD.
Depolymerization of Unsaturated Polyesters and Waste Fiber‐Reinforced Plastics by using Ionic Liquids: The Use of Microwaves to Accelerate the Reaction Rate
Authors: Kamimura Akio , Yamamoto Shigehiro , Yamada Kazuo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWaste fiber‐reinforced plastics (FRP) and unsaturated polyesters were readily depolymerized by subjecting them to a treatment with ionic liquids under heating conditions. The use of microwaves for heating effectively progressed depolymerization, whereas the conventional heating method was ineffective for this purpose. We isolated the monomeric material, phthalic anhydride, by direct distillation from the reaction pot under reduced pressure with yields of more than 90 %. We recovered the glass fibers in a pure form and achieved the effective removal of polystyrene, the linker unit of FRP. Ionic liquids were useful for several iterations of the reaction, and purification of the used ionic liquids was also possible. Thus, we developed a new use of ionic liquids for chemical recycling of waste plastics.