bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MR prediction of postnatal outcomes in left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia using right lung signal intensity: Comparison with that using right lung volume
Authors: Nishie Akihiro , Tajima Tsuyoshi , Asayama Yoshiki , Ishigami Kousei , Hirakawa Masakazu , Nakayama Tomohiro , Ushijima Yasuhiro , Kakihara Daisuke , Okamoto Daisuke , Yoshiura Takashi , Masumoto Kouji , Taguchi Tomoaki , Tsukimori Kiyomi , Tokunaga Shoji , Irie Hiroyuki , Yoshimitsu Kengo , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the validity of the fetal right lung‐to‐liver signal intensity ratio (LLSIR) for prediction of postnatal outcomes in left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)Materials and MethodsThe study included 14 pregnant women who underwent MR exams for evaluation of fetal left‐sided CDH. The fetuses were divided into two groups: Group A (n = 9), alive, and Group B (n = 5), dead. On the basis of the half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin‐echo sequence, LLSIR and the right fetal lung volume (FLV) was calculated. In the control group, a regression analysis was performed to associate LLSIR and right FLV with gestational age. The relative LLSIR and right FLV (the observed/expected LLSIR and right FLV) were compared between Groups A and B.ResultsThe mean relative LLSIR, as well as the mean relative right FLV, of Group A was significantly higher than that of Group B (p = 0.035). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for the relative LLSIR and the relative right FLV, when the cutoff point was defined as 0.646 and 0.420, were the same and were 88.9%, 80.0%, 88.9%, 80.0%, and 85.7%, respectively.ConclusionThe postnatal outcomes in left‐sided CDH may be predicted using the LLSIR. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:112–120. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uncertainties in early Central England temperatures
Authors: Parker David E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractUncertainties in historical climate records constrain our understanding of natural variability of climate, but estimation of these uncertainties enables us to place recent climate events and extremes into a realistic historical perspective. Uncertainties in Central England temperature (CET) since 1878 have already been estimated; here we estimate uncertainties back to the start of the record in 1659, using Manley's publications and more recently developed techniques for estimating spatial sampling errors. Estimated monthly standard errors are of the order of 0.5 °C up to the 1720s, but 0.3 °C subsequently when more observing sites were used. Corresponding annual standard errors are up to nearly 0.4 °C in the earliest years but around 0.15 °C after the 1720s. Daily standard errors from 1772, when the daily series begins, up to 1877 are of the order of 1 °C because only a single site was used at any one time. Inter‐diurnal variability in the daily CET record appears greater before 1878 than subsequently, partly because the sites were in the Midlands or southern England where day‐to‐day temperature variability exceeds that in the Lancashire part of Manley's CET. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Influence of PROP taster status on the consumer acceptability of food made from tannin sorghums
Authors: Kobue‐Lekalake Rosemary I , Taylor John RN , de Kock Henriëtte L 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Condensed tannins in sorghum are powerful antioxidants, beneficial for health. However, tannin sorghums are believed to be unpalatable. The objective was to determine the influence of 6‐n‐propylthiouracil (PROP) taster status on consumer acceptability of food from tannin sorghums. Consumers (n = 194) classified by PROP taster status (super, medium and non) evaluated the appearance, flavour, overall liking and texture of sorghum rice from two tannin‐free sorghums, PAN 8564 and Phofu, and two tannin sorghums, PAN 3860 (82 g catechin equivalents (CE) kg−1) and NS 5511 (18 g CE kg−1), with high antioxidant activity.RESULTS: The PROP tasters could distinguish differences among the sorghum cultivars varying in tannin content levels, finding PAN 3860 less acceptable than the other sorghums. The non tasters preferred all the cultivars equally, presumably because they could not detect taste (bitter and astringent) differences between the sorghums. With the exception of appearance, tannin sorghum NS 5511 was generally equally preferred by PROP tasters to tannin‐free sorghums.CONCLUSION: There appear to some tannin sorghums that are palatable, even to PROP tasters, because the level of tannins is below a sensitivity threshold (ca 20 g CE kg−1). Hence such tannin sorghums could be used to produce acceptable high‐antioxidant activity foods. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Residual deposits in green tea shoots and black tea after individual and combined application of propiconazole and copper oxychloride
Authors: Karthika Chinnachamy , Muraleedharan Narayanan Nair 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: A combination of propiconazole and copper oxychloride is commonly used for controlling blister blight disease caused by the fungus Exobasidium vexans Massee of tea in south India. Field trials were conducted in wet and dry seasons to determine the rate of dissipation of propiconazole and copper oxychloride (COC) in green tea shoots and black tea. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify propiconazole residues in these matrices. Copper was analysed using atomic absorption spectrometry.RESULTS: The rate of dissipation of propiconazole in both seasons followed first‐order kinetics. Dissipation was faster in the wet than in the dry season. Factors such as rainfall elution and leaf growth dilution lead to faster residual decline in the wet season. However, even in wet season 0.10 mg kg−1 of propiconazole residues were noted in black tea on the seventh day after fungicide application because of its systemic nature. Thus good control over the disease could be achieved.CONCLUSION: The recommended safe harvest interval and half‐life for the combined application of propiconazole and COC from this study is 5.39 and 2.43 days respectively in green tea shoots during the dry season. Moreover, the residues of propiconazole in green tea shoots on the seventh day is the same as the maximum residue limit (MRL) proposed by the European Union (EU), indicating that combined application of the two chemicals does not leave significant residues on seventh day or thereafter. Hence, upon harvest, which is usually between 8 and 10 days after fungicide application, the green tea shoots are safer from fungicide residues and pose less risk to human consumption. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterisation and classification of Spanish Verdejo young white wines by volatile and sensory analysis with chemometric tools
Authors: Rodríguez‐Nogales José M , Fernández‐Fernández Encarnación , Vila‐Crespo Josefina 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Nowadays, Verdejo young wine is exported to many countries all over the world, so it is considered one of the most important Spanish white young wines. In spite of its commercial and historical repercussions, little information is available about the aromatic profile of Spanish Verdejo young wine. The aim of our study was to give further information about this aspect, focusing our research on the characterisation and classification of Verdejo young wine.RESULTS: Aroma of the Verdejo, Sauvignon blanc and barrel‐fermented and barrel‐aged Verdejo wines—all from the D.O. Rueda, Spain—was evaluated using gas chromatographic and sensory analyses. A good relationship was found between the chemical composition and some of the sensory attributes of the wines. The wine samples were correctly classified according to their grape variety and oenological practice showing a 100% of correct classification using chemical or sensory data.CONCLUSIONS: Characterisation and differentiation of Spanish Verdejo wines was achieved, for the first time, showing different groups of Verdejo wines with similar volatile composition and sensory profiles. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of polymerization conditions on morphology and chromatographic characteristics of polyacrylamide‐based beds (monoliths) for capillary electrochromatography and capillary liquid chromatography
Authors: Ratautaite Vilma , Maruška Audrius , Erickson Magnus , Kornyšova Olga 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPioneering research work on continuous or monolithic beds for LC was published in 1989 [1]. However, till date there is a lack of complex investigation of various factors affecting the morphology of the beds polymerized from water‐soluble co‐monomers. In this article the effect of buffer, used as polymerization medium, concentration and pH, and total monomer concentration on the morphology of the resultant continuous beds are discussed. Evaluation of the continuous beds was performed by means of capillary LC, CEC, and inverse size‐exclusion chromatography.
Between relaxation and excitement: activities and benefits gained in retirees' tourism
Authors: Nimrod Galit , Rotem Arie 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWhile most studies that focused on older adults' tourism behaviour have used quantitative methods, most studies that focused on benefits that older adults gain from tourism have used qualitative methods. Thus, the associations between seniors' tourism behaviour and its results, namely, the benefits gained, were never explored. This study aimed to examine these associations. The study was based on a national mail survey of 298 Israeli retirees, who travelled abroad at least once in the year prior to the survey. Results indicated that there are nine factors of destination activities and five factors of benefits gained, which are intricately interrelated. In addition, four differentiated sub‐segments were identified based on their destination activities, but the differences between them in terms of benefits gained were rather minor. These findings suggest a balance mechanism in older adults' tourism that leads to maximization of benefits in different activities and/or circumstances. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioimaging of metals by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS)
Authors: Becker J. Sabine , Zoriy Miroslav , Matusch Andreas , Wu Bei , Salber Dagmar , Palm Christoph , Becker J. Susanne 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe distribution analysis of (essential, beneficial, or toxic) metals (e.g., Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, and others), metalloids, and non‐metals in biological tissues is of key interest in life science. Over the past few years, the development and application of several imaging mass spectrometric techniques has been rapidly growing in biology and medicine. Especially, in brain research metalloproteins are in the focus of targeted therapy approaches of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, or stroke, or tumor growth. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) using double‐focusing sector field (LA‐ICP‐SFMS) or quadrupole‐based mass spectrometers (LA‐ICP‐QMS) has been successfully applied as a powerful imaging (mapping) technique to produce quantitative images of detailed regionally specific element distributions in thin tissue sections of human or rodent brain. Imaging LA‐ICP‐QMS was also applied to investigate metal distributions in plant and animal sections to study, for example, the uptake and transport of nutrient and toxic elements or environmental contamination. The combination of imaging LA‐ICP‐MS of metals with proteomic studies using biomolecular mass spectrometry identifies metal‐containing proteins and also phosphoproteins. Metal‐containing proteins were imaged in a two‐dimensional gel after electrophoretic separation of proteins (SDS or Blue Native PAGE). Recent progress in LA‐ICP‐MS imaging as a stand‐alone technique and in combination with MALDI/ESI‐MS for selected life science applications is summarized. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 29:156–175, 2010
Metabolomic applications of HILIC–LC–MS
Authors: Cubbon Simon , Antonio Carla , Wilson Julie , Thomas‐Oates Jane 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), although not a new technique, has enjoyed a recent renaissance with the introduction of robust and reproducible stationary phases. It is consequently finding application in metabolomics studies, which have traditionally relied on the stability of reversed phases (RPs), since the biofluids analyzed are predominantly aqueous and thus contain many polar analytes. HILIC's retention of those polar compounds and use of solvents readily compatible with mass spectrometry have seen its increasing adoption in studies of complex aqueous metabolomes. This review describes the stationary phases and their features, surveys HILIC–LC–MS's role in metabolomics experiments, discusses approaches to data extraction and analysis including multivariate analysis, and reviews the literature on HILIC–MS applications in metabolomics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 29:671–684, 2010
Fair p(l)ay for police—the 2007/2008 Bobby Lobby
Authors: Bradshaw Isobel 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

This article follows the campaign conducted by the Police Federation of England and Wales as they strove to overturn the Home Secretary's decision on pay in 2007/2008. The campaign combined direct action, media relations, public affairs and legal action as the Federation sought to galvanise public and political support during their dispute.

The campaign failed to secure its most immediate aim ‐ the restitution of its rightful pay award ‐ but it won considerable concessions from the Government in later salary negotiations.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chartered Insurance Institute: influencing the course of industry change
Authors: Pedley Daniel 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

The Chartered Insurance Institute's campaign to raise professionalism in financial advice is shaping the future of the industry. Our aim is to protect the public and ensure better levels of service by driving a step change in behaviour and professional standards. Success factors have included clear aims and objectives (concentrating on a single issue), the ability to build momentum for our proposals and sustaining interest, and developing an industry consensus in support of our proposals. The campaign has influenced the thinking of the regulator with them adopting our proposals around raising professionalism.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and photopolymerization of piperonylamine derivatives as a polymerizable cyclic acetals co‐initiator for light‐cured unfilled dental resins
Authors: Wang Kemin , Yin Ruixue , Zhang Xiaodan , Shi Suqing , Nie Jun 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to synthesize and characterizeN,N‐di(methacryly‐ethoxycarbonyl‐ethyl)‐N‐(1,3‐benzodioxole‐ 5‐methylene)(DMEBM) to replace both triethylene glycol dimethylacrylate(TEGDMA) as a dilute and the non‐polymerizable amine, which is added as a co‐initiator in dental resin mixtures. 2,2‐bis[4‐(2‐Hydroxy‐3‐methacryloxypropoxy) phenyl]‐propane (Bis‐GMA) and camphorquinone (CQ) were used as monomer and photoinitiator in these model dental resin systems, in contrast to ethyl 4‐dimethylaminobenzoate (EDMAB) which was usually used as a co‐initiator. DMEBM was synthesized via Michael‐Addition reaction and characterized using1H NMR spectroscopy. A mixture of Bis‐GMA/DMEBM/CQ was found to reach the double bond conversion of 67.5%, slightly higher than that of Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA/CQ/EDMAB (66.8%) and Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA/CQ/DMEBM (64.8%). In addition, the glass transition temperature of Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA/CQ/EDMAB (93.4°C) were higher than that of Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA/CQ/DMEBM (89.3 °C) and Bis‐GMA/DMEBM/CQ (80.4°C). The water sorption and solubility of Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA/CQ/DMEBM were higher than that of Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA/CQ/EDMAB and Bis‐GMA/DMEBM/CQ. However, the values were still within the range of the ISO 4049 standards. DMEBM could be used as a potential co‐initiator and diluent for dental composite. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, characterization, and drug release behaviors of a novel thermo‐sensitive poly(N‐acryloylglycinates)
Authors: Deng Kuilin , Zhong Haibin , Zheng Xiangyang , Song Xiaohui , Tian Hua , Zhang Pengfei , Ren Xiaobo , Wang Haijun 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this study, a novel thermo‐sensitive poly(N‐acryloylglycinates) was prepared in order to get a potential drug release carrier. The corresponding monomers and the polymers were characterized with Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H NMR. The thermo‐sensitivity of the poly(N‐acryloylglycinates) was evaluated by measuring their lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) in water, inorganic salt solution, and different pH solutions. The results indicated that poly(N‐acryloylglycine methyl ester) (NAGME) and poly(N‐acryloylglycine ethyl ester) (NAGEE) exhibit a reversible thermo‐sensibility in their aqueous solutions at 61.5 and 12.5°C, respectively. However, no thermo‐sensitive behavior of poly(N‐acryloylglycine propyl ester) (NAGPE) was found due to its over hydrophobicity. The swelling studies on hydrogels were carried out at different temperatures, in different pH, and inorganic salt solutions. The hydrogels showed a remarkable phase transition at about 35°C with changing temperature. The release rate of caffeine from the thermo‐sensitive hydrogel was apparently decreased as the crosslinker content increased and temperature decreased. Seventy five percent caffeine from the polymeric hydrogel with 5% NMBA (N, N‐methylenebis(acrylamide)) was released at room temperature within 240 min, whereas 95.4% caffeine diffused into the medium at 37°C. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel, highly efficient polymeric benzophenone photoinitiator containing coinitiator moieties for photopolymerization
Authors: Wei Jun , Lu Rong , Liu Fang 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA novel polymeric photoinitiator P(MPBP‐co‐DMAEMA), bearing side‐chain benzophenone (BP) and coinitiator amine, was synthesized through free radical copolymerization of a polymerizable photoinitiator, 4‐[(4‐maleimido)phenoxy]benzophenone (MPBP), and a polymerizable coinitiator amine, N, N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). In order to find out the influences of coinitiator amine on photopolymerization, a polymeric coinitiator amine, P(DMAEMA), was also synthesized for comparison. FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and GPC analyses confirm the structures of polymers. The UV‐Vis spectra of polymeric photoinitiator P(MPBP‐co‐DMAEMA) and polymerizable photoinitiator MPBP are similar, and both exhibit high red‐shifted maximal absorption as compared with BP. The photopolymerization of 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), initiated by MPBP/DMAEMA, MPBP/P(DMAEMA), and P(MPBP‐co‐DMAEMA) systems, was studied by photo‐DSC. The results indicate that P(MPBP‐co‐DMAEMA) is most efficient for the polymerization of both HDDA and TMPTA, and MPBP/P(DMAEMA) is the least efficient of the three photoinitiating systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of low‐band‐gap conjugated polymers containing phenothiazine and benzo‐2,1,3‐thia‐/seleno‐diazole
Authors: Xu Shengang , Liu Yingliang , Li Jianghui , Wang Yanbin , Cao Shaokui 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwo phenothiazine‐based conjugated polymers, poly(3, 7‐divinylene‐N‐octyl‐phenothiazine‐alt‐benzo‐2,1,3‐ thiadiazole) (PQS) and poly(3,7‐divinylene‐N‐octyl‐phenothiazine‐alt‐benzo‐2,1,3‐selenodiazole) (PQSe) were synthesized by Heck coupling reaction. The chemical structures of the two polymers were confirmed by 1H‐NMR and Ft‐IR. They showed good solubility in some common organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform. The weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymers determined by GPC in THF against polystyrene standards was 3.7 × 103 for PQS and 1.9 × 103 for PQSe, respectively. The temperatures of 5% weight loss (T5) were 385.0°C for PQS and 324.0°C for PQSe, respectively, determined by TGA measurements under nitrogen ambience. UV–vis absorption spectra of the polymer films showed the absorption maxima at 537 nm for PQS and 539 nm for PQSe, with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 190 and 230 nm, respectively. The optical band gaps ($\mathop E\nolimits_g^{{\rm opt}}$) of the polymer films are 1.86 eV for PQS and 1.80 eV for PQSe, respectively. As the polymers have low‐band‐gap and broad absorption in the visible region, they may be used as potential light‐harvesting materials for photovoltaic devices (PVDs). Furthermore, photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the polymer solutions showed the emission maxima at 698 nm for PQS and 709 nm for PQSe, with FWHM of 152 nm and 167 nm, respectively, which revealed that these two polymers may be used as red and near infrared light‐emitting materials for polymeric light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cancer stem cell marker CD133 has high prognostic impact but unknown functional relevance for the metastasis of human colon cancer
Authors: Horst David , Scheel Silvio K , Liebmann Sibylle , Neumann Jens , Maatz Susanne , Kirchner Thomas , Jung Andreas 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn colon cancer, CD133 has recently been used to enrich for a subset of tumour cells with tumour‐initiating capabilities and was therefore suggested to mark colon cancer stem cells. However, this molecule has surprisingly been shown to lack functional importance for tumour initiation itself. Herein, we investigated whether CD133 may be relevant for colon cancer metastasis in patients, and as metastasis requires several additional biological characteristics besides tumour initiation, we examined the effects of knocking down CD133 expression in colon cancer cell lines on proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation. We demonstrate that high CD133 expression correlates strongly with synchronous liver metastasis in a matched case–control collection, while siRNA‐mediated knock down of this factor has no significant effect on the mentioned biological characteristics. Thus, we conclude that CD133 expression is a marker with high prognostic impact for colon cancer, while it seems to have no obvious functional role as a driving force of this malignancy. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymerization of epoxy resins initiated by metal complexes
Authors: Döring Manfred , Arnold Ulrich 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Processing parameters and material properties of epoxy resins can be vastly influenced by choice of curing agent. In this work, metal complexes were investigated as initiators for anionic and cationic epoxide polymerization. Systems for thermally induced and electron beam‐induced curing are described.RESULTS: Zinc or cobalt imidazole complexes of the type [M(imidazole)2(anion)2] are efficient initiators for anionic polymerization of glycidyl‐based epoxy resins. The complexes can be employed to prepare tailored resin systems ranging from fast curing systems at slightly elevated temperatures to systems with very high thermal latencies curable at temperatures far above 150 °C. Silver complexes [Ag(L)n]SbF6 (L = crown ether or alkene) are highly efficient initiators for cationic curing and low initiator contents of around 1% are sufficient to reach high degrees of crosslinking. The complexes are excellent initiators for both thermally induced and electron beam‐induced polymerizations.CONCLUSION: Metal complexes are powerful initiators for the homopolymerization of epoxy resins and can be designed not only for anionic and cationic polymerization but also for thermal and radiation curing. Based on this study and additional work, a library can be compiled which allows retrieval of optimized metal–ligand–anion combinations and adjustment of the initiators to the respective processing and material demands. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry