bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of nurse's attitude towards forensic psychiatric patients scale
Authors: Baysan Arabacı L. 
Published: May 2011

AimsThe research was applied in a methodological type in order to develop a scale for the purpose of determining the nurses’ attitudes related to forensic psychiatry patients and to determine the availability and reliability of the scale developed.MethodsThe research was carried out with 650 nurses accepted to participate the research.Evaluation of the data was carried out over 536 questionnaires.In the research, Information Form, Belief Towards Mental Illness Scale(BMIS) and Nurse's Attitude Towards Forensic Psychiatric Patients Scale(NAFPPS) were used. NAFPPS was developed in two processes as qualitative and quantitative. In theoretical process, “focus group discussion” and “composition forms” and various attitude scales developed in psychiatry field in literature were used.In experimental process, validity and reliability analysis was built up.ResultsContent validity index(CVI) was found .69, concurrent validity with BMI was found as .44, Cronbach Alpha coefficient determining the internal consistency was found as .86 and cluster correlation coefficient was found as .86, ön-test ile son-test arasındaki tutarlılığı belirleyen stability factor determining the consistency between pre-test and post-test was found as .69. It was determined that NAFPPS consisted of four lower dimensions.The highest point that can be acquired from the scale is “125”, the lowest point is “25”.High point shows the positive attitude towards the forensic psychiatry patient.ConclusionsIn the direction of these data, it was determined that Nurse's Attitude Towards Forensic Psychiatric Patients Scale was a valid and reliable scale.
Judicialized treatment in severe mental disorder
Authors: Campos Mangas M.C. , Ruiz Feliu M.A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionInvoluntary outpatient treatment (IOT) is a form of involuntary treatment applied in the community, which seeks to ensure adherence to treatment in patients suffering from severe mental illness, unaware of disease and in which abandonment of treatment poses a high risk of relapse, with the development of disruptive and violent behavior, and repeated hospitalizations (usually involuntary) and frequent emergencies.In 1997 was the first time was implemented in the province of Guipúzcoa, Spain.ObjectivesPerform an analysis of IOT in two mental health centers of San Sebastian.MethodsRetrospective descriptive study. The sample comprised all patients who are on involuntary outpatient treatment in two mental health centers in San Sebastian, from 2009 until June 2010.The collection of information is conducted through a review of the patient’s medical history, analyzing the following demographic and clinical data: age, sex, psychiatric diagnosis, evolution of the disease, number of hospital admissions and care in emergenciesResultsA sample population of 42 patients. 58% are male and 42% female. The average patient age is 48 years. The youngest person is 18 years and 81 years older.The years of evolution of the illness range from 2 to 25 years, with an average of 12 years. The average hospital admissions per patient is 4.For diagnosis, schizophrenia is the most common mental disorder. In second place: delusional disorder, bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder.ConclusionsIOT is most often applied to people with schizophrenia which have severe relapses with violent behavior or noncompliance.
Capgras’ syndrome: A case report
Authors: Cimino L. , Atti A. , Moretti F. , Morini V. , Attili T. , Forlani M. , Biondini A. , De Rochi D. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe delusional misidentification syndromes (syndromes of Frégoli, Intermetamorphosis, Subjective Doubles and Capgras) are characterized by delusions of misidentification of other persons or of one-self. Aggressive ideas or behaviours often go with these delusions, but the problem received relatively little attention. Capgras’ Syndrome is characterized by the delusional belief that a well-known person has been replaced by a double. The delusion frequently involves significant others and takes place in a paranoid atmosphere with feelings of strangeness and unreality. We stress the importance of considering the potential dangerousness and homicidal acts directed towards family members of patients with Capgras’ Syndrome.MethodsWe report a case with histories of paranoid schizophrenia and alcohol and cannabis intoxications who developed a Capgras’ Syndrome associated with homicidal behaviours toward his wife.ResultsOur case met DSM IV-TR diagnostic criteria for paranoid schizophrenia, according to previous studies which show that paranoid schizophrenia is the most frequent mental disorder associated with delusional misidentification. The psychopathological analysis show that homicidal acts are connected to anguish of the ego disintegration and failure of defense mechanisms.ConclusionsAccording to the most recent literature, our findings suggest that Capgras’ Syndrome may be linked to a genesis of aggressive behaviours; alcohol and substance intoxications facilitates impulsivity and dissociation. The patients’ acting out directed toward family members occurs during a psychotic breakdown. Capgras’ Syndrome should always be evaluated in order to prevent violent acts.
Psychometric correlations between MMPI-2 and aggressivity
Authors: Cimino L. , De Ronchi D. , Atti A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe use of standardized and objective instruments constitutes a support to the clinical observation in order to evaluate particular and general aspects of an individual's psychic life, and it can represent a valid aid in the evaluation and prediction of aggressivity. Our aim is the assessment of the MMPI-2 ‘s predictive capacity, a self-report personality test, constituted of 567 items, evaluating possible aggressive acts.Method20 subjects with a history of aggressivity, in the absence of major psychiatric disorders, were examined. The MMPI-2 test was administered to them, so as to assess their profile with reference to the aggressivity's indicators. It was also administered to a control group of subjects without a history of aggressivity.ResultsIn all the examined offenders, unlike the control group, were observed low T values in the K scale (< 40), an increase in the Pd base scale (>65) and supplemental scale O-H (>65); with respect to the derivative indexes, it was noticed a scarce adaptive capacity (Hy< Pa), a low tendency to the tolerance of frustrations and a negative value at T points in the PAI (Hy+100)-(Pd+2Pa).ConclusionIn concordance with the literature data, the MMPI-2 can be a useful support in evaluating the risk of aggressivity. Subjects at risk of acting out show low values in the K scale (< 40), high values in the Pd scale (>65). Other particularly important risk indicators are: code types 4/6, 4/8, 468, a scarce adaptive capacity (Hy< Pa) and a scarce tolerance to frustrations.
Posthumous forensic psychiatric examinations in litigations about capacity to contract
Authors: Daskevicius K. , Marcinkeviciene J. , Kazeniene Z. 
Published: May 2011

The particular difference of testamentary capacity is that unlike common civil capacity it cannot be limited. The authors’ objectives were to estimate the trends of diagnostics and conclusions in post mortem forensic examinations about capacity to contract, to establish the main diagnostic groups and to evaluate the factors of influence on experts’ choice.Data base and methodologyAll of the 147 statements on capacity to contract drawn by forensic psychiatrists in Lithuania during the period of five years. The data were sorted by a special questionnaire worked out by the authors. Statistical analysis was done by Pearson correlation method, using SAS, SPSS program packages for statistical processing.Results and conclusionsPosthumous examinations made up only 2.7 per cent among all accomplished in 5 years. Witnesses testimonies in 51.7 cases were so contradictory that half odf them had been discarded from considering. Medical files made the major material, however 16.5 per cent of them were psychiatrically irrelevant. 46.2 per cent contained descriptions of mental disorders, the subjects had not been consulted by psychiatrists. From all registered mental pictures 86.6 per cent had a background of somatoneurological disorder, and 13.4 per cent of mental syndrome had no association to physical condition. Mental disorder or severe somatic pathology alone do not always determine patient's incapacity. Due to experts’ 45 per cent contracts were nullified.
Paternal filicide in arab culture: A study of 5 men
Authors: Eid S.A. 
Published: May 2011

Introduction and objectivesPaternal filicide is the killing of a child by his or her father. These offences are rare but when happened they are traumatic to the community and people. Most of published studies focused on child homicide in Westernized developed societies. The aim of this study is to shed light on this rare phenomenon in Kuwait.MethodologyThe psychiatric, socio-demographic profiles and the religious background of 5 filicidal men hospitalized at Kuwait Psychological Medicine Hospital forensic unit between 2001 and 2005 were reviewed. Information was obtained from a number of sources including:1- hospital files2- Police reports,3-newspaper reports.Data including psychiatric, psychological as well as criminological assessment of these cases were analyzed in detail.ResultsThe average age of those men was 35.6 years (SD ± 4.3 years) with a range of 30 to 42 years. Two men have been diagnosed as schizophrenia; one substance related psychotic disorder (they have active psychotic symptoms at the time of offence and committed their offence under these symptoms), another one depression, and the fifth one has no psychiatric disorder. Religious beliefs and conventions colored the offence in two incidents. Eight of the victims (total number 10) were girls. One filicide man killed his spouse during the act.ConclusionsPaternal filicide, while unthinkable crime by most people, is seen in developing as well as in developed societies. The impact of cultural and religious background of the filicidal on the act was discussed.
Acquired brain injury and violent offending: prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Faruqui R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAcquired brain injury has been reported to be associated with violence.ObjectivesTo determine whether an association exists between acquired brain injury and violent offendingAimsStudy an association between brain injury and crime and identify associated risk factors.MethodsSystematic search of Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, CINAHL, TRIP, using terms, Acquired brain injury, traumatic brain injury (TBI), head injury, frontal lobe, crime, offending, violent offending, sexual offending, prison.ResultsA:Multiple studies reported higher life time history of head injury in prison or offender populations in comparison to control groups. Sampling bias and case definition problems have influenced reported prevalence of head injury in offender population ranging from 3.3% to 82%. Reports from secure psychiatric services identify that patients with history of head injury may be more difficult to discharge. Community based studies report cognitive damage as significant risk factor for domestic violence.B:Large scale population and military cohorts have reported a higher relative risk for criminal conviction in mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) group. TBI increases the risk of mental disorder by two-folds but also that TBI is significantly related to mental disorder with co-existing criminality.C:Childhood conduct problems, loss of a parent, substance misuse, maternal drug use in pregnancy, impaired executive cognitive functioning, structural damage to orbito-frontal and ventromedial areas, amygdala, and hippocampus are reported as risk factors for violent offending in this population group.ConclusionsThe review provides evidence for an association between brain injury and violent offending and also identifies associated risk factors.
PTSD and ICD-10: clinico-social conсeption
Authors: Fastovtsov G. , Oskolkova S. 
Published: May 2011

The aim of the investigationTo determine clinical-dynamic characteristics of combat-related PTSD for best understanding etiologocal and pathogenesis bases in mentioned category.Subjects478 male combatants aged 22–43 y.o., observed in 1993–2008 years.Methods of investigationClinico-psychopathological; quality of life self-evaluating scales, IES-R and statistical.According to ICD-10, only one diagnostical category - “reaction to hard stress and adaptation disturbance”- is identified as having explicit etiological connection with psycho-traumatic extraordinary impact. Negative mental symptomatology in combatants is reflected there as “chronical personality changes after catastrophe”.Contrary to “classical” position personality change may be its chronical outcome and the diagnosis should be stated not only after 2 years. That's why the period of urgent adaptation is characterized by regressive, ontogenetically more early forms of reacting; conscience disintegration.Appearance of more prolonged and more specifical PTSD symptomatology reflects pathoplastic later development.PTSD can be understood as a transforming reactive process, fixating in memory traces new behavioral stereotypes. Specifical adaptation in military conditions happens because of cortical behavior control's depression and deep-undercortical philogenetically old vital affects releasing (as the biological base). Positive PTSD symptomatology in combatants are repeated memories about psychotrauma, often transform into obsessive-phobic complexes. In case of increased cortex inhibition impulsive behavior's motives are formed. Initial war stress is complicated by the necessity to adapt to usual conditions and it often becomes a basis for behavioral deviations. That's why we should consider the treatment and rehabilitation of such persons one of the priority medical and social tasks in XXI century.
Essessment of criminal aggression at combatants with posttraumatic stress disorder by horowitz scale
Authors: Fastovtsov G. , Sokolova E. 
Published: May 2011

As an observation object for this research were taken veterans of local wars with posttraumatic stress disorder. Research materials were based at analysis of representative group, contains of 478 man, who were doing their military service at the areas of local armed conflicts with clinics of posttraumatic stress disorder. The main group contains of 344 man who committed an aggressive crime and passed an examining in Serbsky National Research Center for Social and Forensic psychiatry, Moscow. For the contrast group were taken 134 man, who were under the treatment in military hospitals.To educate specialty and estimate severity of posttraumatic stress disorder was used the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, IES-R. Reliable difference were received. Clinics of this disorder includes not only intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal, but organic mental disorders also.This scale was officially accepted in Russian science academy. Intrusion scale contains of such factors as obsessive flashbacks at the influence of stress factors and nightmares. Avoidance scale includes attempts to avoid experience, connected with stress event and reactivity reduce. Symptoms of third scale includes irritability, tension, emotion instability, difficulties of attention concentration. For patients who committed crimes the level of intrusion and hyperarousal was reliably higher. No difference was found at the avoidance. For assessment of aggression risk were created special models, based on subscale IES-R. The results of regression analysis showed the predictors of criminal aggression. The research permits to make prognosis for criminal aggression as a complicated form of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Clinical criteria stability for involuntary psychiatric admission: comparison of two samples of portuguese patients compulsorily admitted ten years apart
Authors: Gracias M.J. , Talina M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSince 1999 the Portuguese law envisages compulsory admission as a Court decision based on major psychiatric criteria: dangerousness and need for treatment. The rate of compulsory versus total admissions in Portugal has increased since then, maintaining, however, one of the lowest reported rate in Europe. This trend is also noted in other European countries and there is a current debate concerning the underlying reasons.ObjectivesTo examine whether the decision criteria for compulsory admissions has changed over time in a general hospital in Lisbon.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study in two non-probabilistic samples of compulsorily admitted patients with no prior involuntarily admissions in a general hospital in Lisbon: the first one hundred patients admitted in 1999 and the last one hundred admitted in 2009 were selected. Data was collected from patient files using a standardized questionnaire.ResultsThere were no significant differences between samples concerning age, gender, employment, living alone, duration of illness, duration of hospital stay, drugs use or mandatory outpatient treatment. The diagnostic of affective disorders, the overt violent behaviour and depot medication at hospital discharge increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the 2009 sample.ConclusionsThere seems to be no changing in the decision criteria of compulsory admission envolving sociodemographic variables. The increasing rate of compulsory admissions may be due to the increasing admission of patients presenting affective disorders and overt aggressive behaviour, and hence, this may be caused by the application of criteria of dangerousness and of need for treatment.
Forensic aspects of schizotypal patients
Authors: Klembovskaya E. , Fastovtsov G. 
Published: May 2011

Schizotypal disorder comprises a wide spectrum of schizophrenic disorders from personality to sub-psychotic disorders. As a result, psychiatric evaluation of this psychopathology is ambiguous and a challenge to forensic psychiatry. The other important side of the problem is the prevention of social aggression of these patients.For the aim of investigation of these aspects a cohort of 82 patients was studied. All of them committed crimes and had been diagnosed “schizotypal personality disorder”(12), or “schizotypal disorder” (pseudopsychopatic (38), pseudoneurotic schizophrenia (13), schizophrenia with bare symptoms (16), schizophrenic reaction (3).We found that the main criteria for the forensic psychiatric evaluation of schizotypal disorders include personal, social and clinical aspects. The patients with schizoptypal personality disorder can demonstrate mostly integrity of cognitive sphere and singularity of emotions, also rather high level of social adjustment. The patients with mild forms of schizophrenia show pathology in sphere of thinking and emotions, social problems, so the psychiatric forensic conclusion can be different from irresponsibility.The main factors of criminal aggressive behavior of patients were pseudopsychopatic syndrome with disability of critical functions and brutish behavior pathology.
Insiders’ views of their role: Towards their training
Authors: Krespi Boothby M.R. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveOne of the peer-led support programmes in prisons is the Insiders Scheme. Preliminary findings have shown that this has a positive impact on both prisoners and the Insiders. There is no detailed information on the ways in which the Insiders perceive their role. This may help to identify targets of training for Insiders. The present qualitative study aimed to describe the ways in which the Insiders perceived their role.MethodTwo focus group meetings, using the interview guide method, were undertaken with all 3 Insiders in a male prison establishment in the UK. The anonymised transcripts of the focus group meetings were analysed inductively by following established conventions. To ensure the trustworthiness of the analysis, attention was given to coherence,’theoretical validity’ and’catalytic validity’.ResultsThe present study has provided a detailed systematic account of the ways in which the Insiders perceived their role. Insiders evaluated their role in terms of different aspects of their role, strategies that they used to help other prisoners, personal impact of their role, difficulties that they experienced during the course of their work, and ways of improving their role.ConclusionSome of the Insiders’ views were consistent with their role specification known or agreed by the professionals. Others differed from professionals’ views. The present findings contribute to an evidence-base for peer-derived training for the Insiders Scheme. Therefore, these findings highlight the value of undertaking qualitative research among Insiders to identify specific targets for their training.
Law-breaking attitudes among mentally ill people
Authors: Gorniak E. , Furczyk K. , Krysta K. , Krupka-Matuszczyk I. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIt is a common view that mental illnesses are widely associated with dangerous, threat-posing behavior and law-breaking.AimsThe paper analyzes the problem of law-breaking by the mentally disordered.MethodsThe analysis of cases concerning compulsory psychiatric treatment or confinement in a medical institution on the grounds of mental incompetence to commit an offence or mental unfitness to stand the trial obtained from the court and the public prosecutor’s office in Silesia Region from 2007 to 2009.Results14 cases were analyzed. All the offenders were male, mean age was 44,6. All the offenders were diagnosed by psychiatrists, most of them with schizophrenia (n = 10 cases). Other diagnoses included paranoid personality disorder (n = 1), bipolar affective disorder with manic episode (n = 1), schizoaffective disorder (n = 1), delusional disorder (n = 1). 9 out of 14 offenders were diagnosed prior to the offence, some of whom were also hospitalized (n = 5). 8 of analyzed cases concerned use of violence, 3 concerned larceny, 2 concerned posing a threat to others’ life or health and 1 concerned fraud. 2 of the offenders were previously sentenced for other offences. 12 of the offenders were compulsory treated by psychiatrists, 10 out of whom is still hospitalized.ConclusionsThe small number of the cases analyzed (14 cases in the whole of 5000) suggests that mentally disordered persons do not break law often. There seems to be a higher risk associated with male gender, though. Also, the frequency of violent acts and offences committed despite previous treatment is disturbing.