bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keeping Vigil over the Patient: a grounded theory of nurse anaesthesia practice
Authors: Schreiber Rita , MacDonald Marjorie 
Published: February 2010

schreiber r. & macdonald m. (2010) Keeping Vigil over the Patient: a grounded theory of nurse anaesthesia practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(3), 552–561.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study exploring the role and practice of nurse anaesthetists, with particular attention to describing how it is ‘nursing’.Background.  In many countries, there is no nurse anaesthetist role. Recent events suggest that hesitancy about the role may be changing in Canada. Yet, there is limited understanding in Canada about nurse anaesthesia, and many nurses do not believe it is nursing.Method.  This grounded theory study involved theoretical and purposive sampling to gather data through: (i) participant observation and face‐to‐face interviews at the 75th annual American Association of Nurse Anesthetists convention in August, 2006, (ii) follow‐up telephone interviews and (iii) a 4‐day site visit to a small city in the west of the United States to observe anaesthetists in practice and working with students, visit an educational program, and conduct further interviews. Data collection and analysis were iterative and continued until saturation was reached in December, 2007.Findings.  A basic social process of how nurse anaesthetists practise, Keeping Vigil over the Patient, was identified. Keeping Vigil over the Patient is comprised of four categories: Engaging with the Patient, Finessing the Human–Technology Interface, Massaging the Message and Foregrounding Nursing.Conclusion.  Nursing was clearly evident in anaesthesia practice, reflecting a seamless integration of divergent ontological perspectives. Based on this examination, this role has considerable potential as a new advanced practice nursing role in countries where it has not yet been adopted.
The Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool©: psychometric testing of the Classical Arabic version
Authors: Al Khalaileh Murad A.A. , Bond A. Elaine , Beckstrand Renea L. , Al‐Talafha Abbas 
Published: February 2010

al khalaileh m.a.a., bond a.e., beckstrand r.l. & al‐talafha a. (2010) The Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool©: psychometric testing of the Classical Arabic version. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(3), 664–672.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to translate the Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool© into Arabic and to determine its psychometric properties, including reliability, validity and factorial structure.Background.  Worldwide numbers of natural and man‐made disasters have greatly increased in recent years. Since disaster strikes without warning, all healthcare providers, especially nurses, must be prepared with appropriate skills and resources for disaster procedures and management during the three phases of disaster: pre disaster, during disaster and post disaster. Knowledge levels need to be evaluated to plan effective educational programmes.Methods.  The Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool© was translated into Classical Arabic using Beaton’s guideline for translation and validated by experts and a pilot study with 20 Registered Nurses from the target population. Data were collected in 2008 using self‐administered questionnaires from 474 (79% return rate) Jordanian Registered Nurses who worked in randomly selected Ministry of Health hospitals and two university hospitals.Results.  Principal component analysis (Promax rotation with Kaiser Normalization procedure, SPSS© version 15) was used to determined construct validity, and three factors explained 64% of the variance: knowledge, skills and post disaster management. Cronbach’s alpha was 0·90, which demonstrated internal consistency.Conclusion.  These results support the reliability and validity of the Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool© as a measure of knowledge, skills and post disaster management. It can be used with confidence with an Arabic‐speaking nursing population to measure their preparedness for disasters. Based on the results of such studies, effective disaster preparedness programmes could be developed to enhance nurses’ disaster preparedness.
Nursing students administering medication: appreciating and seeking appropriate supervision
Authors: Reid‐Searl Kerry , Moxham Lorna , Walker Sandra , Happell Brenda 
Published: February 2010

reid‐searl k., moxham l., walker s. & happell b. (2010) Nursing students administering medication: appreciating and seeking appropriate supervision.Journal of Advanced Nursing66(3),532–541.AbstractAim. This paper is a report of a study of undergraduate nursing students’ experience of administering medication in the clinical setting.Background. Safe administration of medication is an important component of skilled nursing practice, and nursing students require personal and supportive supervision from Registered Nurses to enhance learning and promote safety. A review of the literature revealed a lack of research addressing students’ experiences in administering medication.Methods. A grounded theory methodology was used. In‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 27 undergraduate nursing students in Queensland Australia in 2005.Findings. Supervision emerged as the central category in this study. Participants acknowledged the need for and importance of supervision according to the following sub‐themes: a university requirement; scope of practice; and safety, the five rights. They also described behaviours they adopted to seek supervision, including negotiating, chasing, waiting and avoiding.Conclusion. Universities and healthcare settings need to collaborate more closely to ensure that adequate supervision is provided to ensure safe practices.
Making sense of patients’ use of analgesics following day case surgery
Authors: Older Claire G. , Carr Eloise C.J. , Layzell Mandy 
Published: February 2010

older c.g., carr e.c.j. & layzell m. (2010) Making sense of patients’ use of analgesics following day case surgery. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(3), 511–521.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study exploring patients’ use of analgesics following day case surgery, with particular focus on patients’ decision‐making about analgesic use.Background.  Day case and ambulatory surgery continue to be the preferred format for many elective surgical procedures. However, many patients’ experience unacceptable postoperative pain when they return home after day surgery. Previous research investigating barriers to pain management suggests that patients may not use their analgesics appropriately.Method.  A qualitative approach using interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore the experiences of 28 patients admitted for day case surgery. The patients were interviewed on the fourth postoperative day. Data were collected in 2005–06.Findings.  We identified an explanatory framework with three high level themes and 12 mid‐level themes, with the mid‐level themes broken down into a number of lower level themes. Patients’ use of analgesics was a complex intentional decision‐making process based on a matrix of beliefs surrounding pain, analgesics and day surgery. They did not always adhere to their analgesic regimes at home, many describing how they avoided analgesics and often withstood high levels of postoperative pain.Conclusion.  Interventions need to go beyond the provision of pain management information (as in current practice), and overcome some of the erroneous beliefs held by patients. Further research is required to identify ways in which these erroneous beliefs can be overcome.
Protocols for pressure ulcer prevention: are they evidence‐based?
Authors: Chaves Lidice M. , Grypdonck Mieke H.F. , Defloor Tom 
Published: February 2010

chaves l.m., grypdonck m.h.f. & defloor t. (2010) Protocols for pressure ulcer prevention: are they evidence‐based? Journal of Advanced Nursing66(3), 562–572.AbstractAim.  This study is a report of a study to determine the quality of protocols for pressure ulcer prevention in home care in the Netherlands.Background.  If pressure ulcer prevention protocols are evidence‐based and practitioners use them correctly in practice, this will result a reduction in pressure ulcers. Very little is known about the evidence‐based content and quality of the pressure ulcer prevention protocols.Method.  In 2008, current pressure ulcer prevention protocols from 24 home‐care agencies in the Netherlands were evaluated. A checklist developed and validated by two pressure ulcer prevention experts was used to assess the quality of the protocols, and weighted and unweighted quality scores were computed and analysed using descriptive statistics.Results.  The 24 pressure ulcer prevention protocols had a mean weighted quality score of 63·38 points out of a maximum of 100 (sd 5). The importance of observing the skin at the pressure points at least once a day was emphasized in 75% of the protocols. Only 42% correctly warned against the use of materials that were ‘less effective or that could potentially cause harm’.Conclusion.  Pressure ulcer prevention commands a reasonable amount of attention in home care, but the incidence of pressure ulcers and lack of a consistent, standardized document for use in actual practice indicate a need for systematic implementation of national pressure ulcer prevention standards in the Netherlands to ensure adherence to the established protocols.
Is nurse–patient agreement of importance to cancer nurses’ satisfaction with care?
Authors: Mårtensson Gunilla , Carlsson Marianne , Lampic Claudia 
Published: February 2010

mårtensson g., carlsson m. & lampic c. (2010) Is nurse–patient agreement of importance to cancer nurses’ satisfaction with care? Journal of Advanced Nursing66(3), 573–582.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study of situational (nurse–patient agreement), personal and occupational factors of potential importance to oncology nurses’ satisfaction with care provided and general work satisfaction.Background.  Nurses have a general tendency to attribute to patients with cancer more problems and suffering than patients themselves report. However, little is known about whether dis/agreement between oncology nurses and patients with cancer concerning perceptions of patients’ situation is of importance to nurses’ satisfaction with their work.Methods.  The study had a comparative and prospective design. Data were collected in 2005 using self‐administrated questionnaires with 81 consecutively recruited nurse–patient pairs. Data were analysed with non‐parametric tests (for comparison between subgroups) and with multiple regression analyses (for identifying predictors).Results.  Initial nurse–patient agreement concerning patients’ emotional distress, coping resources and quality of life did not appear to be important to nurses’ subsequent satisfaction with the care directed at a specific patient. However, higher satisfaction with care provided as well as general work satisfaction was reported by nurses with more experience of cancer care and with a lower workload.Conclusion.  To improve oncology nurses’ opportunities to provide high quality cancer care, novice nurses and advanced beginners in particular should receive support and nurses’ working conditions must be improved. Further research is needed to examine whether there are other aspects of the nurse–patient relationship that contribute to oncology nurses’ satisfaction with the care provided to specific patients.
Accidental falls in hospital inpatients: evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of two risk assessment tools
Authors: Lovallo Carmela , Rolandi Stefano , Rossetti Anna Maria , Lusignani Maura 
Published: February 2010

lovallo c., rolandi s., rossetti a.m. & lusignani m. (2010) Acciden‐tal falls in hospital inpatients: evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of two risk assessment tools. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(3), 690–696.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study comparing the effectiveness of two falls risk assessment tools (Conley Scale and Hendrich Risk Model) by using them simultaneously with the same sample of hospital inpatients.Background.  Different risk assessment tools are available in literature. However, neither recent critical reviews nor international guidelines on fall prevention have identified tools that can be generalized to all categories of hospitalized patients.Method.  A prospective observational study was carried out in acute medical, surgical wards and rehabilitation units. From October 2007 to January 2008, 1148 patients were assessed with both instruments, subsequently noting the occurrence of falls. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and Receiver Operating Characteristics curves were calculated.Results.  The number of patients correctly identified with the Conley Scale (n = 41) was higher than with the Hendrich Model (n = 27). The Conley Scale gave sensitivity and specificity values of 69·49% and 61% respectively. The Hendrich Model gave a sensitivity value of 45·76% and a specificity value of 71%. Positive and negative predictive values were comparable.Conclusion.  The Conley Scale is indicated for use in the medical sector, on the strength of its high sensitivity. However, since its specificity is very low, it is deemed useful to submit individual patients giving positive results to more in‐depth clinical evaluation in order to decide whether preventive measures need to be taken. In surgical sectors, the low sensitivity values given by both scales suggest that further studies are warranted.
Rehabilitation programme after stem cell transplantation: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bird Lydia , Arthur Antony , Niblock Tara , Stone Rebecca , Watson Lynn , Cox Karen 
Published: February 2010

bird l., arthur a., niblock t., stone r., watson l. & cox k. (2010) Rehabilitation programme after stem cell transplantation: randomized controlled trial. Journal of Advanced Nursing66(3), 607–615.AbstractAim.  The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two methods of rehabilitation after stem cell transplantation on health and quality of life.Background.  Stem cell transplantation is routinely used in the treatment of haematological malignancy. However, it is an intensive treatment often associated with deterioration in wellbeing and the need for prolonged recovery.Methods.  During a 14‐month data collection period (August 2005 to October 2006), patients who had had a stem cell transplant (n = 58) were randomly allocated to either a healthcare professional‐led rehabilitation programme or a self‐managed rehabilitation programme. The primary outcome measure, physical functioning as measured by the 36‐item Short Form Health Survey, was recorded at baseline and 6 months after randomization. Secondary health and quality of life measures included the seven other dimensions of the 36‐item Short Form Health Survey, General Health Questionnaire, Graham and Longman Quality of Life Scale and a Shuttle Walk Test.Findings.  There was no difference in change in Short Form 36 physical functioning scores between the two groups at follow‐up (mean difference 0·19 points, 95% confidence interval 10·77–11·16). No evidence of a difference between the two modes of rehabilitation was observed for any of the trial outcomes.Conclusion.  One approach for providing a flexible service may be for staff and individual patients to work together, selecting from a series of specified options a programme with the appropriate content and duration to meet that individual’s needs.
Community‐based individual knowledge construction in the classroom: a process‐oriented account
Authors: Looi C.‐K. , Chen W. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper explores the process of knowledge convergence and knowledge sharing in the context of classroom collaboration in which students do a group learning activity mediated by a generic representation tool. In analysing the transcript of the interactions of a group, we adapt the group cognition method of Stahl and the uptake analysis methodology of Suthers to understand how the members of the group did meaning making in their interactions, and how individual members did uptakes of their interactions and applied their new shared knowledge or understanding in new situations. The transcript is taken from our school‐based research using the Group Scribbles software technology which provides representation spaces for individual, group or class work to support collaborative practices. Our work contributes toward a methodology for explaining a process‐oriented account of a small group interaction through face‐to‐face communication over external shared representations.
Two sources of endogenous hydrogen peroxide in Escherichia coli
Authors: Korshunov Sergei , Imlay James A. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryMechanisms of hydrogen peroxide generation in Escherichia coli were investigated using a strain lacking scavenging enzymes. Surprisingly, the deletion of many abundant flavoenzymes that are known to autoxidize in vitro did not substantially lessen overall H2O2 formation. However, H2O2 production diminished by 25–30% when NadB turnover was eliminated. The flavin‐dependent desaturating dehydrogenase, NadB uses fumarate as an electron acceptor in anaerobic cells. Experiments showed that aerobic NadB turnover depends upon its oxidation by molecular oxygen, with H2O2 as a product. This reaction appears to be mechanistically adventitious. In contrast, most desaturating dehydrogenases are associated with the respiratory chain and deliver electrons to fumarate anaerobically or oxygen aerobically without the formation of toxic by‐products. Presumably, NadB can persist as an H2O2‐generating enzyme because its flux is limited. The anaerobic respiratory enzyme fumarate reductase uses a flavoprotein subunit that is homologous to NadB and accordingly forms substantial H2O2 upon aeration. This tendency is substantially suppressed by cytochrome oxidase. Thus cytochrome d oxidase, which is prevalent among anaerobes, may diminish intracellular H2O2 formation by the anaerobic respiratory chain, whenever these organisms encounter oxygen. These two examples reveal biochemical and physiological arrangements through which evolution has minimized the rate of intracellular oxidant formation.
Localization of muscarinic receptors M1R, M2R and M3R in the human colon
Authors: Harrington A. M. , Peck C. J. , Liu L. , Burcher E. , Hutson J. M. , Southwell B. R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (MR) are involved in multiple intestinal reflexes. The cellular localization of subtypes of MRs within enteric circuits mediating muscle and mucosal reflexes remains to be demonstrated. This study aimed to localize the three functionally significant subtypes of MRs in human colon.Methods Reverse transcriptase‐PCR was used to determine expression levels of muscarinic receptor subtype (MRs) M1Rs, M2Rs and M3Rs in human colon. Indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy was used to localize MRs in cryostat‐cut sections of human colon. Sections were double labeled for multiple cellular and neurochemical markers. Western blotting was used to confirm specificity of the muscarinic antisera used.Key Results All three MR subtypes were expressed in human colon. Immunoreactivity (IR) for M2Rs and M3Rs was most abundant in circular and longitudinal muscle. M1R‐IR was most abundant on myenteric and submucosal nerve cells, both cholinergic and nitrergic. M3R‐IR was also present on populations on myenteric nerve cell bodies. Immunoreactivity for all three receptors was present on nerve fibers in the circular muscle.Conclusions & Inferences In the human colon, subtypes of MRs were present on multiple cell types within the enteric circuits underlying motility, secretory and vasoactive reflexes. The cellular distribution for MRs found in this study agrees with data from functional studies, providing insight into the role MRs have in mediating enteric cholinergic neurotransmission.
REVIEW: Consilient research approaches in studying gene × environment interactions in alcohol research
Authors: Sher Kenneth J. , Dick Danielle M. , Crabbe John C. , Hutchison Kent E. , O'Malley Stephanie S. , Heath Andrew C. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThis review article discusses the importance of identifying gene‐environment interactions for understanding the etiology and course of alcohol use disorders and related conditions. A number of critical challenges are discussed, including the fact that there is no organizing typology for classifying different types of environmental exposures, many key human environmental risk factors for alcohol dependence have no clear equivalents in other species, much of the genetic variance of alcohol dependence in human is not ‘alcohol specific’, and the potential range of gene‐environment interactions that could be considered is so vast that maintaining statistical control of Type 1 errors is a daunting task. Despite these and other challenges, there appears to be a number of promising approaches that could be taken in order to achieve consilience and ecologically valid translation between human alcohol dependence and animal models. Foremost among these is to distinguish environmental exposures that are thought to have enduring effects on alcohol use motivation (and self‐regulation) from situational environmental exposures that facilitate the expression of such motivations but do not, by themselves, have enduring effects. In order to enhance consilience, various domains of human approach motivation should be considered so that relevant environmental exposures can be sampled, as well as the appropriate species to study them in (i.e. where such motivations are ecologically relevant). Foremost among these are social environments, which are central to the initiation and escalation of human alcohol consumption. The value of twin studies, human laboratory studies and pharmacogenetic studies is also highlighted.
REVIEW: Understanding the construct of impulsivity and its relationship to alcohol use disorders
Authors: Dick Danielle M. , Smith Gregory , Olausson Peter , Mitchell Suzanne H. , Leeman Robert F. , O'Malley Stephanie S. , Sher Kenneth 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThere are well‐established links between impulsivity and alcohol use in humans and other model organisms; however, the etiological nature of these associations remains unclear. This is likely due, in part, to the heterogeneous nature of the construct of impulsivity. Many different measures of impulsivity have been employed in human studies, using both questionnaire and laboratory‐based tasks. Animal studies also use multiple tasks to assess the construct of impulsivity. In both human and animal studies, different measures of impulsivity often show little correlation and are differentially related to outcome, suggesting that the impulsivity construct may actually consist of a number of more homogeneous (and potentially more meaningful) subfacets. Here, we provide an overview of the different measures of impulsivity used across human and animal studies, evidence that the construct of impulsivity may be better studied in the context of more meaningful subfacets, and recommendations for how research in this direction may provide for better consilience between human and animal studies of the connection between impulsivity and alcohol use.