bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth conditions, structure and crystal morphology of rare earth potassium double tungstates
Authors: Iwanowski P. , Domukhovski V. , Diduszko R. , Berkowski M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGrowth conditions and crystal morphology of erbium KEr(WO4)2 (KEW) and samarium KSm(WO4)2 (KSW) potassium double tungstates have been investigated. Monoclinic single crystals have been grown by TSSG method using K2W2O7 solvent. It was found that the vertical temperature gradient in a range of 0.3 – 0.5 K/mm is optimal for crystal growth. The morphology of grown crystals and their quality strongly depend on the seed orientation. The best results are achieved when the growth takes place on seeds oriented along [010] direction. For KEW, crystal growth is possible by lowering the temperature without pulling. In this case the surfaces of the grown crystals are natural crystallographic planes. KSW crystals grow into the solution down to the depth of 4‐6 mm only. Structure analysis of crystals is obtained by X‐Ray powder diffraction measurements. The diffraction patterns were analyzed by the Rietveld refinement method. XRD measurements shows the symmetry of monoclinic space group C2/c (C62h). (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of Monomeric Divalent Tin(II) Compounds with Terminal Chloride, Amide, and Triflate Substituents
Authors: Sen Sakya S. , Kritzler‐Kosch Malte P. , Nagendran Selvarajan , Roesky Herbert W. , Beck Tobias , Pal Aritra , Herbst‐Irmer Regine 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMonomeric three‐coordinate (amidinato)tin chloride [PhC(NtBu)2SnCl] (1) was prepared by the reaction of N,N′‐di‐tert‐butylcarbodiimide, phenyllithium and SnCl2. Themetathesis reaction of 1 with AgSO3CF3 and (Me3Si)2NLi afforded the formation of PhC(NtBu)2SnOTf (Tf = CF3SO2) (2) and PhC(NtBu)2SnN(SiMe3)2 (3). The reductive dehalogenation of 1 with L‐selectride resulted in the formation of the four‐coordinate homoleptic tin compound Ph2C2(NtBu)4Sn (4). Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 were characterized by single‐crystal structural analysis. Furthermore, 1 was treated with Fe2(CO)9 to afford the Lewis acid–base adduct 5.
One‐Pot Conversion of Proline Derivatives into Iodinated Iminosugar‐Based Nucleosides, Useful Precursors of Highly Functionalized Nucleoside Analogues
Authors: Boto Alicia , Hernández Dácil , Hernández Rosendo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReadily available proline derivatives can be transformed in one step into β‐iodinated iminosugar‐based nucleosides, under very mild conditions. The method couples a tandem radical decarboxylation–oxidation–β‐iodination to the addition of nitrogen bases. The iodo group is introduced into the previously unfunctionalized 3‐position. The resultant β‐iodo derivatives are useful precursors of highly functionalizednucleoside analogues.
Follow‐up actions from positive results of in vitro genetic toxicity testing
Authors: Dearfield Kerry L. , Thybaud Véronique , Cimino Michael C. , Custer Laura , Czich Andreas , Harvey James S. , Hester Susan , Kim James H. , Kirkland David , Levy Dan D. , Lorge Elisabeth , Moore Martha M. , Ouédraogo‐Arras Gladys , Schuler Maik , Suter Willi , Sweder Kevin , Tarlo Kirk , van Benthem Jan , van Goethem Freddy , Witt Kristine L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAppropriate follow‐up actions and decisions are needed when evaluating and interpreting clear positive results obtained in the in vitro assays used in the initial genotoxicity screening battery (i.e., the battery of tests generally required by regulatory authorities) to assist in overall risk‐based decision making concerning the potential effects of human exposure to the agent under test. Over the past few years, the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) Project Committee on the Relevance and Follow‐up of Positive Results in In Vitro Genetic Toxicity (IVGT) Testing developed a decision process flow chart to be applied in case of clear positive results in vitro. It provides for a variety of different possibilities and allows flexibility in choosing follow‐up action(s), depending on the results obtained in the initial battery of assays and available information. The intent of the Review Subgroup was not to provide a prescriptive testing strategy, but rather to reinforce the concept of weighing the totality of the evidence. The Review Subgroup of the IVGT committee highlighted the importance of properly analyzing the existing data, and considering potential confounding factors (e.g., possible interactions with the test systems, presence of impurities, irrelevant metabolism), and chemical modes of action when analyzing and interpreting positive results in the in vitro genotoxicity assays and determining appropriate follow‐up testing. The Review Subgroup also examined the characteristics, strengths, and limitations of each of the existing in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays to determine their usefulness in any follow‐up testing. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A flow cytometry based in vitro micronucleus assay in TK6 cells—Validation using early stage pharmaceutical development compounds
Authors: Lukamowicz Magdalena , Woodward Katherine , Kirsch‐Volders Micheline , Suter Willi , Elhajouji Azeddine 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe micronucleus test (MNT) is a well established test for detecting clastogenic and aneugenic compounds. Despite the assay's advantages, the MNT may produce false positive and false negative results in some conditions. This fact may be related to the underestimation of apoptosis or necrosis, the p53 status of the cell system or the cytotoxicity assay, and the top dose selection. The purpose of our studies was to contribute to the validation efforts of the flow cytometry based MNT. To identify the most reliable cytotoxicity assay for the top dose selection five parameters for relative survival were tested: relative cell count, relative population doubling, trypan blue supravital staining, relative ratio of scored nuclei to latex beads, and ethidium monoazide staining. For all compounds the least sensitive method was the relative cell count and the most reliable was the nuclei/beads ratio. The comparative evaluation of micronuclei induction in TK6 cells, analyzed with microscopy and flow cytometry, was performed with reference compounds and internal Novartis early development compounds with positive, weak positive, equivocal, and negative genotoxic effects. Our data document a good correlation between the MNT results obtained by flow cytometry and by microscopy. The results confirm that the method may be applied for routine testing in the pharmaceutical industry for the tested group of compounds, including compounds which require metabolic activation. However, further validation and miniaturization may be required. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss,Inc.
Morphodynamic characteristics of the dextral diversion of the Yangtze River mouth, China: tidal and the Coriolis Force controls
Authors: Li Maotian , Chen Zhongyuan , Yin Daowei , Chen Jing , Wang Zhanghua , Sun Qianli 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the morphological development of the Yangtze River mouth, which has been diverting southeasterly (dextrally), according to historical (150 years) chart‐based digital evolution model and on‐site measured tidal flow data. We reveal a significantly narrowing of the northern river mouth branch from formerly >30 km wide to presently 10 km wide due to rapid siltation. Net siltation there, however, decreases gradually, which largely contrasts with the fact that the siltation has shifted to the southern river mouth area, as shown by many newly‐emerged estuarine islands, sandy shoals and bifurcated branches. Our data have further demonstrated that the ebb flow that dominates in the study area changes its direction gradually from east to southeast from the inner to outer river mouth area, and its duration is much longer than the flood flow in the inner river mouth area, but nearly equal at the river mouth area. Accordingly, the sediment transport pathway has been diverted from east to southeast. We examine whether the Coriolis Force could explain the dextral diversion of the ebb flow and the altered morphodynamical processes. Although too weak to strengthen the tidal flows, the Coriolis Force can drag the ebb flow southeasterly, and so influence sediment transport paths at the estuarine scale. The Coriolis Force is limited in the inner river mouth, but substantial at and in the outer river mouth area when gradually free of estuarine topographic constraints. The Coriolis Force causes an offset in propagation of in‐out flow directions at the river mouth area to form a slack water setting prone to estuarine siltation. Using the present approach also enables explanation of the morphological development of the Holocene Yangtze delta‐coast that extends to the southeast. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A kinetic interpretation of the section‐averaged Saint‐Venant system for natural river hydraulics
Authors: Goutal N. , Sainte‐Marie J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe classical Saint‐Venant system is well suited for the modeling of dam breaks, hydraulic jumps, reservoir emptying, flooding etc. For many applications, the extension of the Saint‐Venant system to the case of non‐rectangular channels is necessary and this section‐averaged Saint‐Venant system exhibits additional source terms. The main difficulty of these equations consists of the discretization of these source terms.In this paper we propose a kinetic interpretation for the section averaged Saint‐Venant system and derive an associated numerical scheme. The numerical scheme—2nd order in space and time—preserves the positivity of the water height, and is well‐balanced. Numerical results including comparisons with analytic and experimental test problems illustrate the accuracy and the robustness of the numerical algorithm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed convection flow of a micropolar fluid with radiation and chemical reaction
Authors: Hayat T. , Shehzad S. A. , Qasim M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEffects of heat and mass transfer on the mixed convection flow of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) micropolar fluid bounded by a stretching surface have been investigated. Homotopy analysis procedure is adopted for computations of a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Numerical values of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are worked out. A comparative study is provided with the limiting available numerical solution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UPb and 40Ar39Ar geochronology of Palaeozoic units in the northern Apennines: determining protolith age and alpine evolution using the Calamita Schist and Ortano Porphyroid
Authors: Musumeci Giovanni , Mazzarini Francesco , Tiepolo Massimo , Di Vincenzo Gianfranco 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn the northern Apennines, the Palaeozoic basement involved in the Late Oligocene–Middle Miocene nappe stack contains metamorphic units for which hypothetical ages have been assigned on the basis of lithological correlations with the Palaeozoic formations of the Variscan chain in Sardinia. This uncertainty concerning the age poses limitations to reconstructing the Palaeozoic stratigraphy, defining the Alpine and pre‐Alpine histories and correlations with other domains of the Variscan chain. We present the UPb age of detrital zircon and the 40Ar39Ar age of metamorphic muscovite for the Calamita Schist and Ortano Porphyroid, two metamorphic units of undetermined Palaeozoic age cropping out in the eastern Elba Island. The radioisotopic data allows us to: (i) define the Early Carboniferous and Middle Ordovician ages for the Calamita Schist and Ortano Porphyroid, respectively, as well as their derivation (flysch deposit and magmatic rocks); (ii) pose some constraints concerning their alpine tectonic and metamorphic histories. These new data generate a more precise reconstruction of the Palaeozoic sequence in the northern Apennines, and they document that the Palaeozoic basement involved in the alpine deformation underwent internal stacking with an inversion of the original sequence. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of multimorbidity on cognition in a normal aging population: a 12‐year follow‐up in the Maastricht Aging Study
Authors: Aarts S. , van den Akker M. , Tan F. E. S. , Verhey F. R. J. , Metsemakers J. F. M. , van Boxtel M. P. J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of multimorbidity has risen considerably because of the increase in longevity and the rapidly growing number of older individuals. Today, only little is known about the influence of multimorbidity on cognition in a normal healthy aging population. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of multimorbidity on cognition over a 12‐year period in an adult population with a large age range.MethodsData were collected as part of the Maastricht Aging Study (MAAS), a prospective study into the determinants of cognitive aging. Eligible MAAS participants (N = 1763), 24–81 years older, were recruited from the Registration Network Family Practices (RNH) which enabled the use of medical records. The association between 96 chronic diseases, grouped into 23 disease clusters, and cognition on baseline, at 6 and 12 years of follow‐up, were analyzed. Cognitive performance was measured in two main domains: verbal memory and psychomotor speed. A multilevel statistical analysis, a method that respects the hierarchical data structure, was used.ResultsMultiple disease clusters were associated with cognition during a 12‐year follow‐up period in a healthy adult population. The disease combination malignancies and movement disorders multimorbidity also appeared to significantly affect cognition.ConclusionsThe current results indicate that a variety of medical conditions adversely affects cognition. However, these effects appear to be small in a normal healthy aging population. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Sesquiterpenes from the Flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum L.
Authors: Bi Yue‐Feng , Jia Lu , Shi She‐Po , Sun Xiao‐Li , Chen Yuan‐Yuan , Zhang Yang‐Bing 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTwo new guaianolides (=guaianolactones), chrysanthguaianolactone A and B (1 and 2, resp.), and one new eudesmane sesquiterpene, chrysanthemdiol A (6), together with seven known sesquiterpenes were isolated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum L. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.
Four New Nortriterpenoids from Schisandra lancifolia
Authors: Xiao Wei‐Lie , Wu Ying‐Li , Shang Shan‐Zhai , He Fei , Luo Xiao , Yang Guang‐Yu , Pu Jian‐Xin , Chen Guo‐Qiang , Sun Han‐Dong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFour new highly oxygenated nortriterpenoids, lancifodilactones O–R (1–4), together with six known ones, i.e., 5–10, were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra lancifolia. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments and mass spectrometry. Compounds 1–3 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against NB4, A549, SHSY5Y, PC‐3, and MCF‐7 cell lines. No compounds exhibited significant cytotoxicity, the IC50 values being above 50 μM.
Eremophilane Sesquiterpenoids from Ligularia fischeri
Authors: Xie Wei‐Dong , Weng Cheng‐Wu , Li Xia , Row Kyung‐Ho 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA novel eremophilane dimer, named as fischelactone, and a new sesquiterpene lactam, eremophila‐1(10),7(11),8‐triene‐12,8‐lactam, along with ten known compounds, were isolated from the roots of Ligularia fischeri. Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic analyses (EI‐MS, HR‐ESI‐MS, IR, and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR data) and X‐ray diffraction study.
Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Alstonia mairei
Authors: Cai Xiang‐Hai , Zeng Chun‐Xia , Feng Tao , Li Yan , Luo Xiao‐Dong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThree new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, (14α,15α)‐14,15‐epoxyaspidofractinine (1) and maireines A and B (2 and 3, resp.), together with 19 known alkaloids, were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Alstonia mairei. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic methods in combination with MS experiments.
Four New Alkaloids, Brevianamides O – R, from the Fungus Aspergillus versicolor
Authors: Li Guo‐You , Li Li‐Mei , Yang Tao , Chen Xiao‐Zhen , Fang Dong‐Mei , Zhang Guo‐Lin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFour new alkaloids, brevianamides O–R (1–4, resp.), were isolated from the AcOEt extract of the solid‐state fermented rice culture of the fungus Aspergillus versicolor. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses.
Influence of Fish Farming on the Spatial Patterns and Biological Traits of River Invertebrates in an Appenine Stream System (Italy)
Authors: Fabrizi Angelisa , Goretti Enzo , Compin Arthur , Céréghino Régis 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn applied river ecology it is implicitly assumed that community structure is a surrogate for functional properties. To test this hypothesis, 26 sites were sampled for macroinvertebrates in a Central Italian stream system impacted by 13 trout farms (1 upstream and 1 downstream site per facility). We used a fuzzy‐coding approach of biological traits combined with species distribution analysis. Trout farm locally impacted the structure of macroinvertebrate communities, but serial disturbances at the stream system scale did not affect the overall regional diversity pattern.Impacted sites had species with large body size, which fed upon microorganisms and fine detritus, and which showed asexual reproduction. Least impact sites hosted small‐sized invertebrates showing sexual reproduction, and feeding upon plant material and/or algae. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tidal Variability of Phytoplankton and Environmental Drivers in the Freshwater Reaches of the Guadiana Estuary (SW Iberia)
Authors: Domingues Rita B. , Anselmo Tânia P. , Barbosa Ana B. , Sommer Ulrich , Galvão Helena M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe effects of different phases of semidiurnal and spring‐neap tidal cycles on phytoplankton and environmental drivers were evaluated in a tidal, freshwater location of a mesotidal estuary (Guadiana estuary, SW Iberia). An Eulerian approach was used and sampling covered different seasons during 2008. Samples were collected during spring and neap tides, at high tide, mid‐ebb, low tide and mid‐flood. Several physical‐chemical variables were measured, as well as phytoplankton abundance and biomass.Salinity was higher at high‐tide and suspended particulate matter was higher during spring tides and flood, due to higher vertical mixing and resuspension of bottom sediments. Chlorophyllaconcentration during winter and summer neap tides was higher than during spring tides, whilst the abundance of pennate diatoms was higher during winter and Spring spring tides than during neap tides, probably reflecting differences in river discharge. Overall, tidally‐induced differences detected in the freshwater tidal reaches of the Guadiana estuary were not as considerable as those observed in the lower estuary. However, the occurrence of tidally‐induced variability in some seasons reflects that thorough sampling programs to study estuarine tidal dynamics should be conducted throughout the year. Occasional sampling will not reflect the typical variability of these highly dynamic systems. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Segmentation of ascidian notochord cells in DIC timelapse images
Authors: Obara Boguslaw , Veeman Michael , Choi Jae Hyeok , Smith William , Manjunath B.S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe have developed a method to automatically segment notochord cell boundaries from differential interference contrast (DIC) timelapse images of the elongating ascidian tail. The method is based on a specialized parametric active contour, the network snake, which can be initialized as a network of arbitrary but fixed topology and provides an effective framework for simultaneously segmenting multiple touching cells. Several modifications to the original network snake were necessary for high‐quality segmentation, including linear Gaussian derivative filtering to reconstruct edge maps from DIC images and a new energy function to improve the segmentation of critical cell‐cell vertices. We find that post‐intercalation ascidian notochord cells exhibit two distinct cell behaviors: lateral cell edges expand along the AP axis while showing a rapid pulsatile behavior, whereas anterior and posterior cell edges contract smoothly. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hybrid herpes simplex virus/Epstein–Barr virus amplicon viral vectors confer enhanced transgene expression in primary human tumors and human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Sia Kian Chuan , Chong Wei Kin , Ho Ivy A. W. , Yulyana Yulyana , Endaya Berwini , Huynh Hung , Lam Paula Y. P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundHerpes simplex virus type‐1 (HSV‐1) amplicon vectors are attractive tools for gene transfer because of their large DNA insert capacity, their broad host range of vector transduction and a minimal immune response as a result of the absence of helper viruses during viral packaging. However, the transient gene expression remains a challenge for the translation of HSV‐1 amplicon based therapeutic strategies to a clinical setting. Although oriP/EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)‐1 elements of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) have been successfully employed to achieve prolonged transgene expression, little is known about the stability of the EBNA‐1 elements in the context of HSV‐1 amplicon viral vectors.MethodsWe have generated HSV/EBV hybrid vectors expressing the mutant EBNA‐1 gene with the luciferase reporter gene bicistronically to enable monitoring of EBNA‐1 expression in real‐time, both in vitro and in vivo.ResultsThe results obtained showed that the HSV/EBV hybrid vectors could mediate high levels of transgene expression (ranging from approximately two‐fold to nine‐fold) in primary human tumor cells and human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells compared to the control vector. Prolonged transgene expression could also be observed in primary patient‐derived human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts and in the mouse brain parenchyma up to a period of 17 and 365 days, respectively.ConclusionsTaken together, we have demonstrated that these hybrid vectors could be promising tools as carriers of therapeutic genes in mesenchymal stem cells or even provide an alternative non‐integrating platform for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observation of symmetric denaturation of hemoglobin subunits by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Xian , Zhao Wenjie , Lin Xin , Su Bo , Liu Jianfeng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractElectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) has been used to characterize the denaturation of porcine hemoglobin (Hb) induced by solvent changes. This work provides evidence for the symmetric nature of Hb denaturation and demonstrates that heme losses from α‐ and β‐monomers occur in parallel, in response to the addition of acid and organic co‐solvents in solution. When subject to one of the following solution conditions (pH 3.2–4.0 or 15–30% acetonitrile‐water or 30–45% methanol‐water solution), α‐ and β‐globins undergo symmetric dissociation to release the heme groups, which is detected by ESI‐MS. Circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy (FS) data show that the acid‐induced and organic solvent‐induced heme release, as observed in the mass spectra, can probably be ascribed to different aspects of the conformational changes taking place in the protein. The acidity of the solvent has a significant effect on the secondary structure, whereas organic content level in solution (15–30% acetonitrile or 30–45% methanol) tends to destroy the tertiary structure of Hb globins, both leading to release of the heme from each subunit. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.