bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenolic Acids and Methylxanthines Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Residue
Authors: Vieira Manoela A. , Maraschin Marcelo , Pagliosa Cristiane M. , Podestá Rossana , De Simas Karina N. , Rockenbach Ismael Ivan , Amboni Renata D. de M. C. , Amante Edna R. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT:  Ilex paraguariensis is known to contain compounds with antioxidant properties, such as phenolic acids, and its stimulant properties are attributed to methylxanthines, such as caffeine. The aims of this study were to evaluate the phenolic, methylxanthinic, and tannin composition of a mate residue (mate powder), to compare the quali‐quantitative phenolic composition and the antioxidant potential of extracts obtained from distinct solvent systems. Among the extracts prepared with different solvents, the 80% methanol extract showed the highest total polyphenol content (11.51 g/100 g) and antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis showed that 4,5 dicaffeoylquinic acid is the major component of the phenolic fraction of mate powder. The caffeine, theobromine, and tannin contents in mate powder were 1.01, 0.10, and 0.29 g/100 g, respectively. Consumption of mate powder would significantly contribute to antioxidant and stimulant intake, providing high amounts of phenolic acids, tannins, and methylxanthines with biological effects potentially beneficial for human health.Practical Application: This article contributes to the minimization of residues in yerba‐mate processing.
Collision Hodgkin lymphoma and Warthin tumour. Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Cozzolino I. , Zeppa P. , Cuccuru A. , Picardi M. , Vetrani A. , Palombini L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAssociation between Warthin tumour (WT) and lymphoma is extremely uncommon and the latter are generally B‐cell type non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. We describe a case of collision of WT and Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) of the parotid gland. A 60‐year‐old man complained of slow progressive swelling of the right parotid gland. The ultrasound (US) examination detected a well‐defined, bilobated hypoechoic mass located in the anterior lobe of the parotid gland. A US‐guided fine‐needle cytology (FNC) was performed and a cytological diagnosis of WT was made. The histological sections revealed two nodules: the main one showed a classical WT and the smaller, adjacent to the WT and separated from the later by a fibrotic band, showed residual gland and lymphoid tissue with microscopic and phenotypic features of HL. This is the third report in the literature describing a collision of WT and HL, likely representing a simple coincidence rather than a possible association between the two entities.
Intravitreal bevacizumab alone versus in combination with photodynamic therapy for the treatment of neovascular maculopathy in patients aged 50 years or older: 1‐year results of a prospective clinical study
Authors: Lim Jong Yoon , Lee Sun Young , Kim June‐Gone , Lee Joo Yong , Chung Hyewon , Yoon Young Hee 
Published: March 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare the outcomes of treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab alone (BEVA group) or in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT) (COMB group), in patients aged at least 50 years with neovascular maculopathy.Methods:  Forty‐one patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) (n = 31) or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) (n = 10) were randomized to either the BEVA group (n = 18) or the COMB group (n = 23). A total of three intravitreal bevacizumab injections (1.25 mg/0.05 ml) were given at 6‐week intervals. In the COMB group, PDT was included near the time of one injection. Patients underwent best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement and optical coherence tomography (OCT) at every visit. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were repeated every 3 months.Results:  Overall BCVA (p = 0.001) and central foveal thickness (CFT) (p < 0.001) measured by OCT improved significantly at 12 months, and there was no between‐group difference in BCVA or CFT between the BEVA and COMB groups. Whereas AMD patients showed significant improvement in BCVA (p = 0.001) and CFT (p = 0.004), PCV patients failed to improve. The effect of bevacizumab alone on neovascular AMD was similar to that of combination therapy, when measured by both BCVA and CFT. The total number of bevacizumab injections was not reduced when PDT was given, either among all patients or in a subgroup of naïve patients (p > 0.05). No serious complication was noted.Conclusion:  The results of our 12‐month prospective study indicate that intravitreal bevacizumab alone has similar efficacy and safety to bevacizumab plus PDT for treatment of patients with neovascular AMD, even treatment‐naïve patients. The addition of PDT did not assist in reducing the required total number of bevacizumab injections.
The Democratic Islamic Republic of Iran in Exile
Authors: Piazza James A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the political, organizational, and ideological shifts necessitated by the chief Iranian oppositional group, the progressive Islamist Mojahedin‐e Khalq (People's Mojahedin) organization, beginning with its exile from the Islamic Republic starting in June of 1981 through the present day. An analysis of these shifts is presented as a chronological series of evolving relationships including the Mojahedin's collaboration with a broad‐base of oppositional groups and individuals during its Paris exile and founding of the National Council of Resistance (NCR); the Mojahedin's relocation to Baghdad and subsequent foundation of the National Liberation Army (NLA); and the Mojahedin's courtship of Western governments and international organizations to promote its cause. Following the depiction of the transformations undertaken by the Mojahedin throughout these three phases is an analysis of both the status of the organization as a result of these changes and an assessment of the price of exile.
From Peasants to the PLO
Authors: Silverburg Sanford 
Published: March 2010

Book reviewed in this article:Palestinian Peasants and Ottoman Officials: Rural Administration Around Sixteenth‐Cent ury Jerusalem, Amy SingerPolitics in Palestine: Arab Factionalism and Social Disintegration, 1939–1948, Issa KhalafU.S.‐PLO Dialogue: Secret Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution, Mohamed Rabie
Television Programs For Women in The United Arab Emirates and The City Of Milwaukee, U.S.A
Authors: Al‐Ali Fawzia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo know more about the role of the television in dealing with women's problems in both United Arab Emirates (UAE) television and television in Milwaukee, Wisconsin U.S.A., a comparative analytical study was made for such programs in both countries. The researcher believes that developing local women's programs can benefit from the experiences of others, along with comparative studies between women's programs on UAE television and Milwaukee television. The study covers public television programs during the period from September 15 to October 30, 1997. The investigation relies on the survey and content analysis methods. These methods are usually adopted to survey and compare television programs in studies similar to this one.
Voices of Change: Short Stories by Saudi Arabian Women Writers: Edited and translated by Abubaker Bagader, Ava M. Heinrichsdorf, Deborah S. Akers. Additional Translations by Abdul‐Aziz Al‐Sebail
Authors: Simon Rachel , Simon Rachel 
Published: March 2010

Book reviewed in this article:Within the Circle: Parents and Children in an Arab Village: Andrea B. Rugh
Iraq: Past, Present and Uncertain Future: a Review Essay
Authors: Aman Mohammed M. 
Published: March 2010

Dancing with Saddam: The Strategic Tango of Jordanian‐Iraqi Relations. David Schenker. Lanham, MDDark Victory: America's Second War against Iraq. Jeffrey Record. Annapolis, MDIgnorant Armies: Sliding into War in Iraq. Gwynne Dyer.The Gulf War Chronicles: a Military History of the First War with Iraq. Richard S. Lowry.The Iraq War: a Military History. William Murray and Major General Robert H. Scales, Jr.The Iraq War: Hidden Agendas and Babylonian Intrigue, the Regional Impact on Shi'ites, Kurds, Sunnis and Arabs. Raphael Israeli.The Modern History of Iraq, 2nd. ed. Phebe Marr. BoulderThe New Iraq: Rebuilding the Country for Its People, The Middle East, and the World. Joseph Braude.
Iraq and Hubris: Avoiding History a Review Essay
Authors: Rich Paul 
Published: March 2010

Book reviewed in this article:Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War: Michael Isiko. and David CornBlind into Baghdad: America's War in Iraq: James FallowsOverthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq: Stephen ZinzerThe Politics of Truth: Inside the Lies that Led to War and Betrayed My Wife;s CIA Identity: Joseph WilsonThe Italian Letter: How the Bush Administration Used a Fake to Build the Case for War in Iraq: Peter Eisner and Knut RoyceIraq and the Lessons of Vietnam: or, How Not to Learn From the Past: Lloyd C. Gardner, Marilyn B. Young, Eds.
Enrichment Training Program and Successful Marriage in Kuwait: a Field Study on Kuwaiti Couples
Authors: Alqashan Humoud 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe main purpose of the current study was to determine whether a marriage enrichment program could effectively increase and improve marital satisfaction and marital communication of Kuwaiti couples. In addition, most of the previous studies which focused on marriage enrichment programs have been conducted with predominantly white, North American married couples (Yelsma, 1988). The study of the impact of the marriage enrichment will provide insight into the ways couples from other cultural backgrounds interact with each other in achieving marital satisfaction, especially, couples from Muslim countries. Participants were 62 married couples (16 couples in the experimental group; 16 couples in the control group) — their marital duration ranging from one year to thirty‐one years. The study examined whether a marital enhancement program could make any change in the marital satisfaction of Kuwaiti couples. The study focused on the following research questions: 1) Do socio‐demo‐graphic factors (age, income, education, duration of marriage, children) play a role on the marital satisfaction level of Kuwaiti couples? 2) Is there a difference in the marital satisfaction scale between male and female in the pre‐test, post‐test marital satisfaction scale? 3) Does the marriage enhancement training program in the Social Development Office (SDO) influence the post‐test level of the marital satisfaction of the participants? The study concluded that the marriage enrichment program in the SDO of Kuwait has had a significant positive effect on marital communication and marital adjustment immediately following the enrichment experience.
Political Security Issues at the Concluding Statements of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Sessions 1981–2001: an Analytical Study of the Content
Authors: Al‐Musfir Muhammad Saleh 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the contents of the concluding statements of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) sessions from 1981 to 2001 concerning political and security issues. In particular, the study reviews six topics, including cooperation in the military field, cooperation in the field of security, the Iraqi‐Kuwaiti issue, the Arab‐Israeli conflict, cooperation in the field of fighting terrorism, and GCC Iranian relations. The GCC Supreme Council affirmed the right of the Palestinians to establish their independent state whose capital would be Eastern Jerusalem. The GCC demanded the elimination of weapons of mass destruction when it came to the issue of the Iraqi ‐ Kuwait problem. Concerning the relations between the GCC and Iran, the emphasis was on calling for a peaceful resolution to the problems of the islands [Abu Musa, Tunb Major and Tunb Minor]. The GCC stressed the importance of intensive communications among the security agencies in the member states, and condemning terrorism in all its forms and types. Finally, the GCC expressed satisfaction with the accomplishments in the military and defense sector.
Contemporary Civil Conflicts in the Nile Basin States
Authors: Hadyia Abdallah 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis topic deals with the reasons for the civil conflicts in the Nile Basin Area in Africa. From the geographical point of view, these countries are suffering from the lack of demarcation of boundaries among them. From an economic point of view, they would fight over the abundant economic resources that were taken away wholly by the foreign companies, leaving the crumbs to be disputed over. Additionally, ethnic differences kindle ethnic and religious contradictions. This research will also ascertain some of these reasons, and then review examples of the civil conflicts in the area. Unless these contradictions can be rectified, or mitigated, they will continue to simmer and periodically re‐emerge as a full‐fledged civil war.
Gendered Structures of Local Politics in Turkey
Authors: Alkan Ayten 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIndicators offered by available international statistical data and observations of many researchers point out that women's formal political involvement at the local level is stronger than that at the national level for the majority of states. However, gendered political patterns in Turkey have been following a rather different path. One and the most significant contradictory aspect is that women's representation at local elected organs is weaker than the national parliament. This article, first, investigates the reasons for this relatively weak existence in formal local politics. The references of this relativity are both national formal politics of Turkey, and the dominant worldwide model. Secondly, the article tries to establish country‐specific links between formal and informal local politics concerning women's participation. The experience in Turkey has proven that women's local engagement does not necessarily propel decision‐making power and women's empowerment. Women's local mobilization in Turkey has been mostly limited to socio‐cultural and charity activities instead of central decisions on the settlement, and of efforts for establishing women's local political agendas. Moreover, as a very prominent factor concerning the maintenance of asymmetric gendered structures of local politics, women's movement at the national level has been lacking in systematic political interest in the issue until very recently. In this article, these pretensions and future prospects are discussed in terms of the actual global‐national circumstances affecting local politics as well as women's local conditions. To these ends, existing quantitative‐qualitative research, data and analysis, and relevant findings of the author's recent (2000–2003) original research, as well as her observations through participation in recent feminist activism targeting local politics are being evaluated.
Nuclear Iran is Not an Option: A new negotiating strategy to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons
Authors: Ben‐Meir Alon 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe negotiations between Iran and the P5+11 over Tehran's nuclear enrichment activities have not only failed to reach an agreement but have brought Iran much closer to the threshold of mastering the technology to produce nuclear weapons. There are many factors that precipitated this breakdown, including the West's inability to understand and deal with the Iranian psychological disposition, the failure to present to Iran the severity of the punitive measures that could be inflicted as a consequence of their defiance, and the US administration's misleading policy that gave Iran the room to maneuver. There is an urgent need to adopt a distinctively new strategy toward Iran consisting of three tracks of separate but interconnected negotiations: The first should focus on the current negotiations on Iran's enrichment program and the economic incentive package; the second should concentrate on regional security and the consequences of continued Iranian defiance; and the third track should address Iran's and the United States' grievances against each other. The United States must initiate all three tracks without which future talks will be as elusive as the previous negotiations, except this time the West and Israel will be facing the unsettling prospect of a nuclear Iran.
Perceptions of Academic Librarians in Kuwait of Library 2.0
Authors: Al‐Daihani Sultan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a Web‐based survey designed to explore the perceptions of academic librarians in Kuwait of Library 2.0. It investigates their familiarity with Web 2.0 concepts, tools, services and applications as these relate to academic libraries, and also explores the obstacles to their use. A Web‐based questionnaire was administered to all of the librarians in four universities in Kuwait. It was found that these librarians have a low level of familiarity with Library 2.0 applications. Lack of training was found to be the most inhibiting barrier to their use. There is a positive correlation between their years of work experience and their perceptions of Library 2.0 applications in academic libraries but no correlation between their years of work experience and the barriers to its use. The results from this study contribute to an understanding of the effect of these technologies on academic librarians. They could also be used to create and support appropriate initiatives for the integration of these applications in academic libraries.
Persistence of Uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
in the Face of Multiple Antibiotics
Authors: Blango Matthew G. , Mulvey Matthew A. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Numerous antibiotics have proven to be effective at ameliorating the clinical symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs), but recurrent and chronic infections continue to plague many individuals. Most UTIs are caused by strains of uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC), which can form both extra- and intracellular biofilm-like communities within the bladder. UPEC also persist inside host urothelial cells in a more quiescent state, sequestered within late endosomal compartments. Here, we tested a panel of 17 different antibiotics, representing seven distinct functional classes, for their effects on the survival of the reference UPEC isolate UTI89 within both biofilms and host bladder urothelial cells. All but one of the tested antibiotics prevented UTI89 growth in broth culture, and most were at least modestly effective against bacteria present within
in vitro
-grown biofilms. In contrast, only a few of the antibiotics, including nitrofurantoin and the fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin, were able to eliminate intracellular bacteria in bladder cell culture-based assays. However, in a mouse UTI model system in which these antibiotics reached concentrations in the urine specimens that far exceeded minimal inhibitory doses, UPEC reservoirs in bladder tissues were not effectively eradicated. We conclude that the persistence of UPEC within the bladder, regardless of antibiotic treatments, is likely facilitated by a combination of biofilm formation, entry of UPEC into a quiescent or semiquiescent state within host cells, and the stalwart permeability barrier function associated with the bladder urothelium.
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Activities of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole-2-Arylhydrazone Derivatives of Megazol against
Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Salomão K. , de Souza E. M. , Carvalho S. A. , da Silva E. F. , Fraga C. A. M. , Barbosa H. S. , de Castro S. L. 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

From a series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-arylhydrazone derivatives of megazol screened
in vitro
against
Trypanosoma cruzi
, eight (S1 to S8) were selected for
in vivo
screening by single-dose oral administration (200 mg/kg of body weight) to infected mice at 5 days postinfection (dpi). Based on significant decreases in both parasitemia levels and mortality rates, S2 and S3 were selected for further assays. Despite having no
in vivo
effect, S1 was included since it was 2-fold more potent against trypomastigotes than megazol
in vitro
. Trypomastigotes treated with S1, S2, or S3 showed alterations of the flagellar structure and of the nuclear envelope. When assayed on intracellular amastigotes, the selectivity index (SI) for macrophages was in the range of >27 to >63 and for cardiac cells was >32 for S1 and >48 for megazol. In noninfected mice, S1 did not alter the levels of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), or urea. S2 led to an increase in GOT, S3 to increases in GOT and GPT, and megazol to an increase in GOT. Infected mice were treated with each derivative at 50 and 100 mg/kg from dpi 6 to 15: S1 did not interfere with the course of infection or reduce the number of inflammatory foci in the cardiac tissue, S2 led to a significant decrease of parasitemia, and S3 decreased mortality. There was no direct correlation between the
in vitro
effect on trypomastigotes and amastigotes and the results of the treatment in experimental models, as S1 showed a high potency
in vitro
while, in two different schemes of
in vivo
treatment, no decrease of parasitemia or mortality was observed.
Ethambutol Optimal Clinical Dose and Susceptibility Breakpoint Identification by Use of a Novel Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model of Disseminated Intracellular
Mycobacterium avium
Authors: Deshpande Devyani , Srivastava Shashikant , Meek Claudia , Leff Richard , Gumbo Tawanda 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

Ethambutol, together with a macrolide, is the backbone for treatment of disseminated
Mycobacterium avium
disease. However, at the standard dose of 15 mg/kg of body weight/day, ethambutol efficacy is limited. In addition, susceptibility breakpoints have consistently failed to predict clinical outcome. We performed dose-effect studies with extracellular
M. avium
as well as with bacilli within human macrophages. The maximal kill rate (
E
max
) for ethambutol against extracellular bacilli was 5.54 log
10
CFU/ml, compared to 0.67 log
10
CFU/ml for intracellular
M. avium
, after 7 days of exposure. Thus, extracellular assays demonstrated high efficacy. We created a hollow-fiber system model of intracellular
M. avium
and performed microbial pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies using pharmacokinetics similar to those of ethambutol for humans. The
E
max
in the systems was 0.79 log
10
CFU/ml with 7 days of daily therapy, so the kill rates approximated those encountered in patients treated with ethambutol monotherapy. Ratio of peak concentration to MIC (
C
max
/MIC) was linked to microbial kill rate. The
C
max
/MIC ratio needed to achieve the 90% effective concentration (EC
90
) in serum was 1.23, with a calculated intramacrophage
C
max
/MIC ratio of 13. In 10,000 patient Monte Carlo simulations, doses of 15, 50, and 75 mg/kg achieved the EC
90
in 35.50%, 76.81%, and 86.12% of patients, respectively. Therefore, ethambutol doses of ≥50 mg/kg twice a week would be predicted to be better than current doses of 15 mg/kg for treatment of disseminated
M. avium
disease. New susceptibility breakpoints and critical concentrations of 1 to 2 mg/liter were identified for the determination of ethambutol-resistant
M. avium
in Middlebrook broth. Given that the modal MIC of clinical isolates is around 2 mg/liter, most isolates should be considered ethambutol resistant.
Carbapenem-Resistant KPC-2-Producing
Escherichia coli
in a Tel Aviv Medical Center, 2005 to 2008
Authors: Goren Moran G. , Navon-Venezia Shiri , Chmelnitsky Inna , Carmeli Yehuda 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

All of the carbapenem-resistant
Escherichia coli
(CREC) isolates identified in our hospital from 2005 to 2008 (
n
= 10) were studied. CREC isolates were multidrug resistant, all carried
bla
KPC-2
, and six of them were also extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated six genetic clones; within the same clone, similar transferable
bla
KPC-2
-containing plasmids were found whereas plasmids differed between clones. Tn
4401
elements were identified in all of these plasmids.