bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wear‐protective cermet coatings for forming tools
Authors: Tillmann W. , Vogli E. , Baumann I. , Krebs B. , Nebel J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo innovative thermal spray techniques have been investigated to manufacture wear protective coatings for forming tools. A Twin Arc Spray process (TWAS), with an AS‐850 cored wire containing fused tungsten carbides (FTC‐FeCCrMnSi), and a High Velocity Oxy‐Fuel (HVOF) spray technique, with fine WC12Co (18 μm) and Cr3C225(Ni20Cr) (28 μm) feedstock powders were employed. Coating characterizations regarding the hardness, roughness, porosity, deposition rate and deposition efficiency were conducted. In addition, the wear and friction behavior of all coatings were analyzed.Zwei innovative thermische Spritzverfahren wurden untersucht, um Verschleißschutzschichten für Umformwerkzeuge herzustellen. Hierbei wurden ein Zweidraht‐Lichtbogenspritzprozess (TWAS) mit wolframschmelzkarbidhaltigen (WSC‐FeCrSi) AS 850 Fülldrähten und ein Hochgeschwindigkeitsflammspritzprozess mit feinen WC‐12Co (1‐8 μm) und Cr3C225(Ni20Cr) (28 μm) Ausgangspulvern verwendet. Schichtcharakterisierungen hinsichtlich Härte, Rauheit, Porosität, Auftragsrate und Auftragswirkungsgrad wurden durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden der Verschleiß und das Reibungsverhalten der Schichten analysiert.
Die Welt im Wandel
Authors: Rings Thomas , Lewe Tobias 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNatürliche Ressourcen werden knapp, die Globalisierung schreitet voran und die Nachfrage nach Produkten wird vor allem in Asien steigen. Um auch in Zukunft erfolgreich zu sein, muss sich die chemische Industrie darauf einstellen.
Online‐NMR‐Spektroskopie – Mischungen messen im Fluss
Authors: Maiwald Michael , Steinhof Oliver , Hasse Hans 
Published: July 2010

AbstractReaktionen im Labor oder Prozesse im Technikum mit Kernresonanzspektroskopie zu verfolgen, ist bislang eher selten. Und das, obwohl die Methode im Durchfluss quantitativ analysiert und dabei technische Bedingungen wie Druck oder Temperatur nicht verändert.
C‐H‐Aktivierung: Neue Wege in der Synthese
Authors: Gräning Timm 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUnpolare C‐H‐Bindungen in funktionelle Gruppen umzuwandeln – das war bisher mit konventionellen Methoden nur in mehreren Stufen zu erreichen. Die C‐H‐Aktivierung verspricht einen direkten Zugang zu chemischen Grundstoffen aus unreaktiven Alkanen. Sie bietet aber auch strategische Vorteile in der Synthese komplexer organischer Verbindungen.
Wein auf Rezept?
Authors: Wamhoff Heinrich 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWeininhaltsstoffe wie Polyphenole fördern die Gesundheit. Studien dazu versprechen ein langes Leben ohne Karzinome oder Demenz. Immer neue Untersuchungen bringen immer mehr Informationen über Wirkstoffe, nützliche Dosierungen und mögliche Nebenwirkungen.
Echt oder gefärbt
Authors: Schwägele Fredi , Kleinhenz Silvia 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn Lebensmitteln sind Azofarbstoffe verboten, dennoch finden die Überwachungs‐ behörden sie immer wieder in Paprika‐ und Chilipulver. Diese Gewürze werden in Fleischerzeugnissen eingesetzt und können sie mit den Farbstoffen kontaminieren, bislang war dies aber nicht nachzuweisen. Jetzt liegt eine Methode für die quantitative Analyse vor.
Sicherheit in 30 Minuten
Authors: Mencwel Ramona , Kunze Peter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGeschwindigkeit, Quantifizierbarkeit und Genauigkeit der Real‐time‐PCR‐Analytik ergeben gegenüber konventionellen Tests in der Nahrungsmittelindustrie einen unmittelbaren Kosten‐ und Wettbewerbsvorteil.
Wirtschaften und Erhalten
Authors: Metzger Jürgen O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDen Beitrag der Chemie zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung schätzt die GDCh immer höher ein. Bioenergie, katalysierte Reaktionen und die Berücksichtigung solcher Themen in der Lehre gehören zu den Schwerpunkten der neuen Arbeitsgemeinschaft Nachhaltige Chemie.
Die Jungchemiker öffnen das Tor nach Europa
Authors: Döker. Michael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Idee eines Netzwerkes unter jungen europäischen Chemikern wurde am 31. März in Berlin zum Leben erweckt. Ein Wochenende lang arbeiteten Repräsentanten von 13 chemischen Gesellschaften innerhalb der EuCheMS an der Satzung des European Young Chemists' Network EYCN.
Participation when using cognitive assistive devices – from the perspective of people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Wennberg Birgitta , Kjellberg Anette 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aim of the study was to describe how people with intellectual disabilities experienced their participation in everyday activities when using cognitive assistive devices. The purpose of cognitive assistive devices is to compensate for cognitive problems, to enhance independence when performing activities and to support decision making in daily life. Nine persons, 17–37 years old, with mild intellectual disability were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted by semi‐structured interviews. The results showed that participation in everyday activities increased when using cognitive assistive devices. The persons experienced having more control and health benefits using cognitive assistive devices in daily activities. There were participation restrictions related to attitudes from the social network towards participation, and attitudes towards the use of cognitive assistive devices from the persons themselves and from the social network. Occupational therapists should be aware of the social factors that may influence a client's participation in everyday activities when using cognitive assistive devices. There is a need for more research with clients with intellectual disabilities and further research concerning long‐time use of cognitive assistive devices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regional variations of private prescriptions for the non‐benzodiazepine hypnotics zolpidem and zopiclone in Germany
Authors: Hoffmann Falk , Hies Markus , Glaeske Gerd 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurposeAlthough evidence is lacking, there is general perception that zolpidem and zopiclone (‘Z‐drugs’) are more effective and safer than benzodiazepines leading to an increased prescribing of Z‐drugs. In Germany, 85% of the inhabitants are covered by statutory health insurance (SHI), the rest is privately insured. Z‐drugs are covered by SHIs but physicians can also provide private prescriptions for SHI insured persons, who then have to pay for these out of pocket. Since private prescriptions are not documented in SHI claims data, physicians might prescribe drugs associated with abuse as private prescriptions. We aim to quantify SHI versus private prescriptions of Z‐drugs and analyze regional variations.MethodsWe studied a sample of 2500 community pharmacies located across Germany from 2006 to 2008. We analyzed the amount of private prescriptions in numbers of packages. Drug utilization was expressed in defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID).ResultsThe proportions of private prescriptions ranged between 36.7% and 36.9% per annum for zopiclone, this was significantly higher for zolpidem (49.4–49.6% per annum). There are substantial regional variations for zolpidem (28.8–82.6%) and zopiclone (22.5–68.6%). In all federal states the proportion of zolpidem not reimbursed by SHIs is higher than that of zopiclone (6.3–15.4%). The nation‐wide outpatient consumption was 2.5 DID for zolpidem and 2.7 DID for zopiclone with large regional variations.ConclusionsIn addition to large regional variations, zolpidem is more often prescribed as a private prescription than zopiclone. This might be a signal for a higher abuse potential of zolpidem. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of serious ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death in a cohort of users of domperidone: a nested case‐control study
Authors: Johannes Catherine B. , Varas‐Lorenzo Cristina , McQuay Lisa J. , Midkiff Kirk D. , Fife Daniel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPurposeLimited information from spontaneous reports and results of two case‐control studies raised concern about the cardiotoxicity of oral domperidone therapy. This case‐control study nested in a retrospective cohort evaluated the combined risk of serious ventricular arrhythmia (SVA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in users of domperidone compared with users of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), or non‐users of these medications.MethodsA cohort of users of domperidone or a PPI from 1990 to 2005 was identified from existing electronic databases of Saskatchewan Health. Possible cases of SVA/SCD were identified using hospital discharge and vital statistics codes. SVA cases were validated by cardiologist review of abstracted hospital medical charts. Up to four controls were matched to each case by index date, year of birth, sex, and diabetes status. The odds ratio (OR) of current domperidone exposure relative to non‐use or to current PPI exposure was estimated and adjusted for possible confounding variables using conditional logistic regression.ResultsFrom 83 212 individuals in the exposure cohort we identified 1608 cases, 49 SVA and 1559 SCD (mean age 79.4 years, females 52.9%, diabetes 22.3%) and 6428 matched controls. The adjusted OR for SVA/SCD with current domperidone use compared with non‐use was (1.59, 95%CI: 1.28–1.98), or compared with current PPI use was (1.44, 95%CI: 1.12–1.86). In stratified analyses adjusted ORs were numerically higher in males, older subjects, and non‐diabetics.ConclusionsThe increased risk of SVA/SCD for current domperidone users remained after adjustment for multiple covariates. The risk may vary among subgroups of exposed individuals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of simultaneous boron and phosphorus diffusion gettering in silicon
Authors: Schön J. , Schubert M. C. , Warta W. , Savin H. , Haarahiltunen A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe studied the simultaneous phosphorus and boron diffusion gettering (BDG) of iron in silicon by physical modeling. We present improvements to the previously used models for BDG and phosphorus diffusion gettering (PDG). We show that the improved model is suitable for analyzing the gettering efficiency in advanced solar cell structures with phosphorus doped (n+) and boron doped (p+) layers by comparing simulations with experimental results. The simulations indicate that during a low temperature step with high iron concentration, an additional p+ layer reduces the time needed for an effective gettering, whereas under low supersaturation segregation to the n+ layer is the dominating gettering mechanism.
Ionic adsorbates on metal surfaces
Authors: Bagus P. S. , Wieckowski A. , Wöll Ch. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe present a detailed study of the ionicity of Cs and I adsorbates on a Cu(111) surface and of the consequences of this ionicity for changes in the work function, Δϕ. In particular, a novel aspect of the present work is that we model coverage changes and we are able to determine how coverage increases affect the ionicity and the Δϕ. We use wavefunctions for finite clusters to model the adsorption, where normally only isolated adsorbates are studied. Techniques to simulate coverage were developed. We find and explain unexpected features for the adsorption of I, an excellent electron donor. For I adsorbed at a three‐fold site, we confirm earlier results, for I at an on‐top site, that the adsorbed Iodine is dominantly anionic with a minor covalent donation from I− to the surface. For the initial increases of coverage, we find that Δϕ has a stronger than linear dependence on the number of adsorbates. We are able to identify the main origin of this super‐linear behavior of Δϕ with coverage as changes in the way that the substrate charge polarizes in response to the presence of a higher coverage of adsorbates than to an isolated adsorbate. In particular, the polarization of surface charge at the periphery of the I adsorbate, a kind of pillow effect, is suppressed by the higher density of adsorbates. We present results for different charges of a cluster model for I/Cu that may be relevant for the interpretation of electrochemical measurements of charge flow induced by adsorption of ionic species. Our work presents information relevant for the adsorption of electron donors and acceptors on metal surfaces in general. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 000:000–000, 2010
Robotic vascular surgery, 150 cases
Authors: Štádler P. , Dvoracek L. , Vitasek P. , Matous P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundBased on their experience of 150 robot‐assisted vascular reconstructions, the authors not only reflect on the current uses of the da Vinci robotic system in vascular surgery, but also discuss options for the further expansion of this cutting‐edge technology in their area of expertise.MethodsTo date there has not been the same level of development in laparoscopy in vascular surgery as in general surgery and, despite the numbers of published studies showing interesting results, laparoscopic vascular surgery has never been generally accepted. Robot‐assisted surgery represents a new stage of progress in mini‐invasive methods. During the period November 2005–September 2009, the authors performed 150 robot‐assisted vascular reconstructions in the aortoiliac area. The most significant include aortofemoral reconstructions and surgery on aneurysms of the abdominal aorta, the pelvic arteries and the splenic artery, as well as their first attempts to perform hybrid interventions.ResultsFour cases (2.7%) required conversion to standard surgery and four patients (2.7%) experienced more serious postoperative complications. On one occasion (0.7%) the robotic equipment broke down during the operation and surgery had to be completed laparoscopically. In one case (0.7%) the operation had to be abandoned because the finding on the aorta proved to be inoperable. In the cohort under consideration, the median operating time was 228 min, the median time taken to suture the anastomosis was 27 min and the median clamp time was 39 min.ConclusionsRobotic operating systems improve the precision, control and dexterity of the surgical procedure and offer patients a higher quality of operating interventions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An agile process model for product derivation in software product line engineering
Authors: O'Leary Pádraig , McCaffery Fergal , Thiel Steffen , Richardson Ita 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYSoftware product lines (SPL) and Agile practices have emerged as new paradigms for developing software. Both approaches share common goals; such as improving productivity, reducing time to market, decreasing development costs and increasing customer satisfaction. These common goals provide the motivation for this research. We believe that integrating Agile practices into SPL can bring a balance between agility and formalism. However, there has been a little research on such integration. We have been researching the potential of integrating Agile approaches in one of the key SPL process areas, product derivation (PD). In this paper, we present an outline of our Agile process model for PD that was developed through industry‐based case study research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pancreatic β-Cell Neogenesis by Direct Conversion from Mature α-Cells
Authors: Chung Cheng-Ho , Hao Ergeng , Piran Ron , Keinan Ehud , Levine Fred 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Because type 1 and type 2 diabetes are characterized by loss of β-cells, β-cell regeneration has garnered great interest as an approach to diabetes therapy. Here, we developed a new model of β-cell regeneration, combining pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) with elimination of pre-existing β-cells with alloxan. In this model, in which virtually all β-cells observed are neogenic, large numbers of β-cells were generated within 2 weeks. Strikingly, the neogenic β-cells arose primarily from α-cells. α-cell proliferation was prominent following PDL plus alloxan, providing a large pool of precursors, but we found that β-cells could form from α-cells by direct conversion with or without intervening cell division. Thus, classical asymmetric division was not a required feature of the process of α- to β-cell conversion. Intermediate cells coexpressing α-cell- and β-cell-specific markers appeared within the first week following PDL plus alloxan, declining gradually in number by 2 weeks as β-cells with a mature phenotype, as defined by lack of glucagon and expression of MafA, became predominant. In summary, these data revealed a novel function of α-cells as β-cell progenitors. The high efficiency and rapidity of this process make it attractive for performing the studies required to gain the mechanistic understanding of the process of α- to β-cell conversion that will be required for eventual clinical translation as a therapy for diabetes.
Three‐dimensional ultrasound in monitoring progression of labor: a reproducibility study
Authors: Ghi T. , Contro E. , Farina A. , Nobile M. , Pilu G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of measurements, obtained from stored ultrasound volumes, related to fetal head progression in the birth canal.MethodsFrom January to September 2009, serial ultrasound volumes were obtained from women in labor, stored and separately evaluated by two different operators using the SonoVCAD™ labor software. Volumes were aligned using the pubic bone and the urethra as references. In the sagittal plane of the pelvis, the following data were calculated: head progression distance (the distance between the infrapubic line and the lowest part of the fetal skull), head direction (the angle between the infrapubic line and the major longitudinal axis of the fetal head) and head progression angle (the angle between the longitudinal axis of the pubic bone and a line joining the lowest edge of the pubis to the lowest convexity of the fetal skull). In the transverse plane, the angle formed by the midline with the anteroposterior axis of the maternal pelvis (midline angle) was also measured. For each measurement, intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility was determined.ResultsWe analyzed 30 ultrasound volumes. For all parameters, interobserver variation was significantly higher than intraobserver variation. Reproducibility was good for all parameters, except for the midline angle. Among the different ultrasound measurements, the progression angle presented the highest reproducibility.ConclusionsMeasurements obtained from stored ultrasound volumes to assess fetal head progression in the second stage of labor have good reproducibility, with progression distance and progression angle being the most reproducible parameters. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Saturated Fats: A Perspective from Lactation and Milk Composition
Authors: German J. Bruce , Dillard Cora J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFor recommendations of specific targets for the absolute amount of saturated fat intake, we need to know what dietary intake is most appropriate? Changing agricultural production and processing to lower the relative quantities of macronutrients requires years to accomplish. Changes can have unintended consequences on diets and the health of subsets of the population. Hence, what are the appropriate absolute amounts of saturated fat in our diets? Is the scientific evidence consistent with an optimal intake of zero? If not, is it also possible that a finite intake of saturated fats is beneficial to overall health, at least to a subset of the population? Conclusive evidence from prospective human trials is not available, hence other sources of information must be considered. One approach is to examine the evolution of lactation, and the composition of milks that developed through millennia of natural selective pressure and natural selection processes. Mammalian milks, including human milk, contain 50% of their total fatty acids as saturated fatty acids. The biochemical formation of a single double bond converting a saturated to a monounsaturated fatty acid is a pathway that exists in all eukaryotic organisms and is active within the mammary gland. In the face of selective pressure, mammary lipid synthesis in all mammals continues to release a significant content of saturated fatty acids into milk. Is it possible that evolution of the mammary gland reveals benefits to saturated fatty acids that current recommendations do not consider?
Hypothyroidism following developmental iodine deficiency reduces hippocampal neurogranin, CaMK II and calmodulin and elevates calcineurin in lactational rats
Authors: Dong Jing , Liu Wanyang , Wang Yi , Xi Qi , Chen Jie 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDevelopmental iodine deficiency (ID) leads to inadequate thyroid hormone that impairs learning and memory with an unclear mechanism. Here, we show that hippocampal neurogranin, calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), calmodulin (CaM) and calcineurin (CaN) are implicated in the brain impairment in lactational rat hippocampus following developmental ID and hypothyroidism. Three developmental rat models were created by administrating dam rats with either iodine‐deficient diet or propylthiouracil (PTU, 5 ppm or 15 ppm)‐added drinking water from gestational day (GD) 6 till postnatal day (PN) 21. Then, the neurogranin, CaMKII, CaM and CaN in the hippocampus were detected with immunohistochemistry and western blotting on PN14 and PN21. The iodine‐deficient and hypothyroid pups showed significantly lower level of neurogranin, CaMKII and CaM and significantly increased CaN in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions than the controls on PN14 and PN21 (P < 0.05, respectively). Data indicate that, in lactational rats, hippocampal neurogranin, CaMKII, CaM and CaN are involved in the brain impairment by developmental ID and hypothyroidism.
Levator ani injury in primiparous women with forceps delivery for fetal distress, forceps for second stage arrest, and spontaneous delivery
Authors: Kearney Rohna , Fitzpatrick Myra , Brennan Sandra , Behan Michael , Miller Janis , Keane Declan , O'Herlihy Colm , DeLancey John O.L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare levator ani muscle injury rates in primiparous women who had a forceps delivery owing to fetal distress with women delivered by forceps for second stage arrest; and to compare these injury rates with a historical control group of women who delivered spontaneously.MethodsPrimiparous women who delivered by forceps were recruited retrospectively into 2 groups: forceps for fetal distress with short second stage (25 ± 11 minutes; n = 19); and forceps delivery for second stage arrest (137 ± 26 minutes; n = 19). MR images of the levator ani muscles were compared with a historical control group of women from a previous study who had delivered spontaneously (n = 129).ResultsMajor defect rates were: 42% for forceps and short second stage; 63% for forceps and second stage arrest; and 6% for spontaneous delivery. The odds ratios for major injury were: 11.0 for forceps and short second stage compared with spontaneous delivery; 25.9 for forceps and second stage arrest compared with spontaneous delivery; and 2.3 for forceps and second stage arrest compared with short second stage (P = 0.07).ConclusionWomen delivered by forceps have a higher rate of levator ani injury compared with spontaneous delivery controls; the difference between the forceps groups did not reach significance.
The Future of Health Journalism
Authors: Schwitzer Gary 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The HealthNewsReview.org project finds that many news stories reflect an overly optimistic view of progress in medical research. This may lead citizens to develop unrealistic expectations of their health care system, raising undue demand for costly and unproven approaches that may, in the end, cause more harm than good. The future of health journalism will be determined by which roles journalists choose for themselves: cheerleader or watchdog, fear-mongerer or evidence-based reporter, part of the solution or part of the problem.