bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite element modelling approaches to the accurate dimensional prediction for a cold-forged part
Authors: Lee Y S , Kwon Y N , Lee J H , Ishikawa T 
Published: April 2011

The dimensions of the cold-forged part turn out to be larger than those of the die cavity, since a die can be deformed more elastically than a forged material. To predict precisely the dimensions of the forged part and to determine the die dimensions for net-shape components, dimensional evolution of the die and workpiece should be performed carefully; therefore, finite element methods (FEMs) have been proposed to predict more accurately the dimensions of the forged product in closed-die upsetting. Together with finite element analysis (FEA), direct measurements of strains from the die during forging were attempted in order to validate the simulated results. In the present study, the dimensional changes of the die and workpiece due to elastic and thermal effects were investigated thoroughly by separating a single forging step into three stages: loading, unloading and ejecting stages. As a result, FEM results could predict the part dimensions to within a range of 10 μm. In particular, the characteristics of the unloading and ejecting stages have been discussed in conjunction with the elastic recovery of forged parts. When temperature changes due to the deformation heat were additionally considered in the finite element models, the predicted dimensions more closely coincided with the experimental results. Since the elastic modulus of workpiece materials has a great influence on the final forged product, the effects of the elastic modulus for the workpiece were deliberately investigated, and then the modelling technique applicable to the three-dimensional forged part was proposed in order to increase the simulation efficiency. The dimensional differences between the die and forged part were compared quantitatively in the experimental and FEA. The result was used for machining a modified die. The FEM results using the modified die validated that the dimensional difference between the die and forged part had a linear relationship.
Using an unsheared pair to construct the strain ellipse
Authors: Boulanger Ph. , Hayes M. 
Published: April 2011

In a finite deformation x = x(X), a particle initially at X is displaced to x. Fundamental to the description of strain are the two Cauchy—Green strain tensors B = FFT and C = F TF, where F = ∂x /∂X is the deformation gradient. Both are real, symmetric and positive definite, so that an ellipsoid at X may be associated with C and an ellipsoid at x with B−1. The purpose of this note is to consider the strain of infinitesimal material line elements in a typical plane Π at X and dually in a plane π at x. It is shown that if an unsheared pair of material line elements in Π at X is known together with the stretches along the arms of the unsheared pair, then all the features of the strain ellipse at X — that is the elliptical section of the C-ellipsoid by the plane Π — may be determined. Dually, all the features of the strain ellipse at x — that is the section of the B−1-ellipsoid by the plane π — may be determined. The features of the strain ellipses are determined analytically and also geometrically through use of a ruler and compass.
Targeting of microRNA-142-3p in dendritic cells regulates endotoxin-induced mortality
Authors: Sun Yaping , Varambally Sooryanarayana , Maher Christopher A. , Cao Qi , Chockley Peter , Toubai Tomomi , Malter Chelsea , Nieves Evelyn , Tawara Isao , Wang Yongqing , Ward Peter A. , Chinnaiyan Arul , Reddy Pavan 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
While miRNAs are increasingly linked to various immune responses, whether they can be targeted for regulating in vivo inflammatory processes such as endotoxin-induced Gram-negative sepsis is not known. Production of cytokines by the dendritic cells (DCs) plays a critical role in response to endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We profiled the miRNA and mRNA of CD11c+ DCs in an unbiased manner and found that at baseline, miR-142-3p was among the most highly expressed endogenous miRs while IL-6 was among the most highly expressed mRNA after LPS stimulation. Multiple computational algorithms predicted the IL-6 3′ untranslated region (UTR) to be a target of miR-142-3p. Studies using luciferase reporters carrying wild-type (WT) and mutant IL-6 3′UTR confirmed IL-6 as a target for miR-142-3p. In vitro knockdown and overexpression studies demonstrated a critical and specific role for miR142-3p in regulating IL-6 production by the DCs after LPS stimulation. Importantly, treatment of only WT but not the IL-6–deficient (IL-6−/−) mice with locked nucleic acid (LNA)–modified phosphorothioate oligonucleotide complementary to miR 142-3p reduced endotoxin-induced mortality. These results demonstrate a critical role for miR-142-3p in regulating DC responses to LPS and provide proof of concept for targeting miRs as a novel strategy for treatment of endotoxin-induced mortality.
Deglycosylation and label-free quantitative LC-MALDI MS applied to efficient serum biomarker discovery of lung cancer
Authors: Toyama Atsuhiko , Nakagawa Hidewaki , Matsuda Koichi , Ishikawa Nobuhisa , Kohno Nobuoki , Daigo Yataro , Sato Taka-Aki , Nakamura Yusuke , Ueda Koji 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundSerum is an ideal source of biomarker discovery and proteomic profiling studies are continuously pursued on serum samples. However, serum is featured by high level of protein glycosylations that often cause ionization suppression and confound accurate quantification analysis by mass spectrometry. Here we investigated the effect of N-glycan and sialic acid removal from serum proteins on the performance of label-free quantification results.ResultsSerum tryptic digests with or without deglycosylation treatment were analyzed by LC-MALDI MS and quantitatively compared on the Expressionist Refiner MS module. As a result, 345 out of 2,984 peaks (11.6%) showed the specific detection or the significantly improved intensities in deglycosylated serum samples (P< 0.01). We then applied this deglycosylation-based sample preparation to the identification of lung cancer biomarkers. In comparison between 10 healthy controls and 20 lung cancer patients, 40 peptides were identified to be differentially presented (P< 0.01). Their quantitative accuracies were further verified by multiple reaction monitoring. The result showed that deglycosylation was needed for the identification of some unique candidates, including previously unreported O-linked glycopeptide of complement component C9.ConclusionsWe demonstrated here that sample deglycosylation improves the quantitative performance of shotgun proteomics, which can be effectively applied to any samples with high glycoprotein contents.
An assessment of mental health policy in Ghana, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia
Authors: Faydi Edwige , Funk Michelle , Kleintjes Sharon , Ofori-Atta Angela , Ssbunnya Joshua , Mwanza Jason , Kim Caroline , Flisher Alan 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Approximately half of the countries in the African Region had a mental health policy by 2005, but little is known about quality of mental health policies in Africa and globally. This paper reports the results of an assessment of the mental health policies of Ghana, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia.

Methods
The WHO Mental Health Policy Checklist was used to evaluate the most current mental health policy in each country. Assessments were completed and reviewed by a specially constituted national committee as well as an independent WHO team. Results of each country evaluation were discussed until consensus was reached.

Results
All four policies received a high level mandate. Each policy addressed community-based services, the integration of mental health into general health care, promotion of mental health and rehabilitation. Prevention was addressed in the South African and Ugandan policies only. Use of evidence for policy development varied considerably. Consultations were mainly held with the mental health sector. Only the Zambian policy presented a clear vision, while three of four countries spelt out values and principles, the need to establish a coordinating body for mental health, and to protect the human rights of people with mental health problems. None included all the basic elements of a policy, nor specified sources and levels of funding for implementation. Deinstitutionalisation and the provision of essential psychotropic medicines were insufficiently addressed. Advocacy, empowerment of users and families and intersectoral collaboration were inadequately addressed. Only Uganda sufficiently outlined a mental health information system, research and evaluation, while only Ghana comprehensively addressed human resources and training requirements. No country had an accompanying strategic mental health plan to allow the development and implementation of concrete strategies and activities.

Conclusions
Six gaps which could impact on the policies' effect on countries' mental health systems were: lack of internal consistency of structure and content of policies, superficiality of key international concepts, lack of evidence on which to base policy directions, inadequate political support, poor integration of mental health policies within the overall national policy and legislative framework, and lack of financial specificity. Three strategies to address these concerns emerged, namely strengthening capacity of key stakeholders in public (mental) health and policy development, creation of a culture of inclusive and dynamic policy development, and coordinated action to optimize use of available resources.
Temporal profiles of age-dependent changes in cytokine mRNA expression and glial cell activation after status epilepticus in postnatal rat hippocampus
Authors: Järvelä Juha T , Lopez-Picon Francisco R , Plysjuk Anna , Ruohonen Saku , Holopainen Irma E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Status epilepticus (SE) is proposed to lead to an age-dependent acute activation of a repertoire of inflammatory processes, which may contribute to neuronal damage in the hippocampus. The extent and temporal profiles of activation of these processes are well known in the adult brain, but less so in the developing brain. We have now further elucidated to what extent inflammation is activated by SE by investigating the acute expression of several cytokines and subacute glial reactivity in the postnatal rat hippocampus.

Methods
SE was induced by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of kainic acid (KA) in 9- and 21-day-old (P9 and P21) rats. The mRNA expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) were measured from 4 h up to 3 days after KA injection with real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). IL-1β protein expression was studied with ELISA, GFAP expression with western blotting, and microglial and astrocyte morphology with immunohistochemistry 3 days after SE.

Results
SE increased mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 mRNA in hippocampus of both P9 and P21 rats, their induction being more rapid and pronounced in P21 than in P9 rats. MMP-9 expression was augmented similarly in both age groups and GDNF expression augmented only in P21 rats, whereas neither IFN-γ nor TGF-β1 expression was induced in either age group. Microglia and astrocytes exhibited activated morphology in the hippocampus of P21 rats, but not in P9 rats 3 d after SE. Microglial activation was most pronounced in the CA1 region and also detected in the basomedial amygdala.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that SE provokes an age-specific cytokine expression in the acute phase, and age-specific glial cell activation in the subacute phase as verified now in the postnatal rat hippocampus. In the juvenile hippocampus, transient increases in cytokine mRNA expression after SE, in contrast to prolonged glial reactivity and region-specific microglial activity after SE, suggest that the inflammatory response is changed from a fulminant and general initial phase to a more moderate and specific subacute response.
Hepatitis E virus ORF2 protein over-expressed by baculovirus in hepatoma cells, efficiently encapsidates and transmits the viral RNA to naïve cells
Authors: Parvez Mohammad K , Purcell Robert H , Emerson Suzanne U 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A recombinant baculovirus(vBacORF2) that expressed the full-length ORF2 capsid protein of a genotype 1 strain of hepatitis E virus(HEV) was constructed. Transduction of S10-3 human hepatoma cells with this baculovirus led to large amounts of ORF2 protein production in ~50% of the cells as determined by immune fluorescence microscopy. The majority of the ORF2 protein detected by Western blot was 72 kDa, the size expected for the full-length protein. To determine if the exogenously-supplied ORF2 protein could transencapsidate viral genomes, S10-3 cell cultures that had been transfected the previous day with an HEV replicon of genotype 1 that contained the gene for green fluorescent protein(GFP), in place of that for ORF2 protein, were transduced with the vBacORF2 virus. Cell lysates were prepared 5 days later and tested for the ability to deliver the GFP gene to HepG2/C3A cells, another human hepatoma cell line. FACS analysis indicated that lysates from cell cultures receiving only the GFP replicon were incapable of introducing the replicon into the HepG2/C3A cells whereas ~2% of the HepG2/C3A cells that received lysate from cultures that had received both the replicon and the baculovirus produced GFP. Therefore, the baculovirus-expressed ORF2 protein was able to trans-encapsidate the viral replicon and form a particle that could infect naïve HepG2/C3A cells. This ex vivo RNA packaging system should be useful for studying many aspects of HEV molecular biology.
Effect of a fat spread enriched with medium-chain triacylglycerols and a special fatty acid-micronutrient combination on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight patients with diabetes
Authors: Siener Roswitha , Ehrhardt Christina , Bitterlich Norman , Metzner Christine 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT), omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3-PUFA) and micronutrients may be useful for weight and cardiometabolic risk management. However, studies analyzing the effect of a combination of both in individuals at increased cardiometabolic risk are lacking. Therefore, this randomized, controlled, double-blind study investigated the effect of a fat spread enriched with two different doses of MCT and a special long-chain fatty acid-micronutrient combination on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight diabetic patients.

Methods
Fifty-four patients received either a fat spread with 6 g/d MCT (MCT30%) or 1.2 g/d (MCT6%). Forty-three completed the study. Analysis was performed according to the median of MCT intake (supplemented and food-derived MCT). Clinical, anthropometric, blood, 24 h-urine parameters and dietary intake were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks.

Results
Total MCT intake > 7 g/d (MCT > 7 group) significantly reduced waist circumference (WC) by 1.81 ± 2.69 cm, whereas ≤ 7 g/d MCT (MCT ≤ 7 group) increased WC by 0.32 ± 3.03 cm (p = 0.027), which was supported by a change in waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (p = 0.018). Fasting serum triglycerides (TG) increased in both groups over time due to dietary habits. In contrast, diabetic metabolic situation and urinary albumin excretion did not alter. Urinary pH differed significantly between groups after 12 weeks.

Conclusion
An intake of >7 g/d MCT reduced WC in overweight diabetics, whereas the increase in the intake of fatty acids may have worsened fasting TG. Therefore, the suitability of a fat for nutrient enrichment remains to be challenged, and further studies in low-fat matrices are desirable.
IL-15 ex vivo overcomes CD4+ T cell deficiency for the induction of human antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses
Authors: Yu Huifeng , Tawab-Amiri Abdul , Dzutsev Amiran , Sabatino Marianna , Aleman Karen , Yarchoan Robert , Terabe Masaki , Sui Yongjun , Berzofsky Jay A 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTCD4+ Th cells are important for the induction and maintenance of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell function, so their loss or dysfunction in HIV-infected or cancer patients could reduce the patients' ability to control viral infection. Previous work in murine systems indicated that IL-15 codelivered with vaccines could overcome CD4+ Th cell deficiency for induction of functionally efficient CD8+ T cells and maintenance of viral-specific CTLs, but its efficacy in helping primary human CD8+ T cell responses is unknown. In the present study, a peptide-pulsed, DC-based human coculture ex vivo system was used to study the role of IL-15 in overcoming CD4+ Th deficiency to elicit CD8+ T cell responses in CD4-depleted PBMCs from healthy individuals and PBMCs from HIV-1-infected patients. We found that IL-15 could overcome CD4+ Th deficiency to induce primary and recall memory CD8+ T cell responses in healthy individuals. Moreover, in CD4-deficient, HIV-1-infected patients with diminished CD8+ T cell responses, IL-15 greatly enhanced CD8+ T cell responses to alloantigen. These results suggest that IL-15 may be useful in the development of therapeutic and preventive vaccines against cancers and viral infections in patients defective in CD4+ Th cell.
Viscosity approximation methods for monotone mappings and a countable family of nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Kumam Poom , Plubtieng Somyot 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
We use viscosity approximation methods to obtain strong convergence to common fixed points of monotone mappings and a countable family of nonexpansive mappings. Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a Hilbert space H and P
C is a metric projection. We consider the iteration process {x
n} of C defined by x
1 = x ∈ C is arbitrary and $$
x_{n + 1} = \alpha _n f(x_n ) + (1 - \alpha _n )S_n P_C (x_n + \lambda _n Ax_n )
$$ where f is a contraction on C, {S
n} is a sequence of nonexpansive self-mappings of a closed convex subset C of H, and A is an inverse-strongly-monotone mapping of C into H. It is shown that {x
n} converges strongly to a common element of the set of common fixed points of a countable family of nonexpansive mappings and the set of solutions of the variational inequality for an inverse-strongly-monotone mapping which solves some variational inequality. Finally, the ideas of our results are applied to find a common element of the set of equilibrium problems and the set of solutions of the variational inequality problem, a zero of a maximal monotone operator and a strictly pseudocontractive mapping in a real Hilbert space. The results of this paper extend and improve the results of Chen, Zhang and Fan.
The Characteristics of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes by Population Screening
Authors: Vanags Andrejs , Strumfa Ilze , Gardovskis Andris , Melbarde-Gorkusa Inga , Abolins Arnis , Trofimovics Genadijs , Gardovskis Janis 
Published: April 2011

The Characteristics of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes by Population Screening
Introduction. Colorectal cancer is important medical problem due to frequent occurrence and serious prognosis. Recent advances help to understand the role of heredity of colorectal carcinogenesis with possible implications for prevention. Aim of the Study. Is to characterise hereditary colorectal cancer by population screening in order to evaluate the needs and possibilities of prevention. Materials and methods. Population screening was performed in Valka district, evaluating the family cancer history by questionnaire. Hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes were diagnosed by internationally accepted clinical criteria. Results. The following population frequencies were identified: hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), 0.059% (95% CI = 0.033-0.106%); suspected HNPCC and familial colorectal cancer, 0.107% (95% CI = 0.069-0.166%). The cancer burden among blood relatives of the affected families ranged 15.5-30.1%. The mean age of colorectal cancer diagnostics was 53.7-72.0 years. The probands were mostly oncologically healthy and up to 81.8% - below 50 years of age. Conclusions. The population frequencies of hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes correspond to significant number of cases. The high cancer burden among blood relatives of the affected families necessitates surveillance, and the age structure and health status of probands is well-suited for this.
Carotid Artery Stenosis Correlation with Hyperhomocysteinemia in Stroke Patient Group: a Prospective Study
Authors: Kenina Viktorija , Priede Zanda , Auce Pauls , Suna Normunds , Millers Andrejs 
Published: April 2011

Carotid Artery Stenosis Correlation with Hyperhomocysteinemia in Stroke Patient Group: a Prospective Study
Introduction. Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide and one of the major causes of long-term disability. Carotid artery stenosis is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke and related forms of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Aim of the Study was to examine plasma homocysteine (tHcy) levels in the stroke patient's group with significant carotid artery stenosis, to determine hyperhomocysteinemia correlation with degree of carotid artery stenosis. Materials and methods. This study was prospective and all patients (n=102) included in the study were hospitalized in Pauls Stradins Clinical University hospital in Clinic of Neurology with diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke. In the group of significant carotidal stenosis we included 48 patients with various degree of stenosis ranging from 50% to total occlusion. Evaluations of stenosis of extracranial carotid arteries were done by duplex ultrasonography method. The blood of these patients was tested for homocysteine level by ELISA (IMMULITE 2000). Results. Study did not demonstrated statistically significant difference between levels of tHcy in all groups. Mean homocysteine level was not significantly higher in the symptomatic carotid stenosis patient's group. Also there were no significant differences between levels of homocysteine in patient group with different degree of stenosis. Conclusions. We found no meaningful association between a high tHcy level and extent of carotid stenosis.
Internal Fracture Fixation using the Anterior Retroperitoneal Lower Laparotomy Approach in Pelvic Ring and Acetabular Fractures: the First Experience and Outcomes
Authors: Vikmanis Andris , Jumtins Andris 
Published: April 2011

Internal Fracture Fixation using the Anterior Retroperitoneal Lower Laparotomy Approach in Pelvic Ring and Acetabular Fractures: the First Experience and Outcomes
Introduction. The ilioinguinal approach is well established for the treatment of pelvic fractures. As an alternative, the anterior retroperitoneal lower laparatomy (modified Stoppa) approach can be used to expose pelvic and acetabular fractures. We describe our experience with this approach in polytrauma patients with pelvic ring and acetabular fractures. Aim of the Study. The aim of study was to evaluate possibilities and impossibilities of internal fixation of pelvic ring and acetabular fractures using the anterior retroperitoneal lower laparatomy approach. Materials and methods. This retrospective study describes a series of 20 consecutive patients where a modified Stoppa approach was used for pelvic or acetabular fracture fixation. Results. 10 patients with acetabular fractures, six patients with a pelvic ring injury not involving the acetabular joint and 4 patients with a combined fracture were operated through a modified Stoppa approach. Anatomic or satisfactory reduction was achieved in 92% of the acetabular fractures. Pelvic ring fractures had an anatomic (displacement <1 cm) postoperative result in 100%. Conclusions. using this approach may have good the postoperative radiological un surgical results. This is a method of choice for patients with combined trauma with internal organ damage and patients with both side pelvic bone fracture.