bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower molars of the large morganucodontan Storchodon cingulatus from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) of Germany
Authors: Martin Thomas , Averianov Alexander O. , Lang Andreas J. , Wings Oliver 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThree new lower molars of Storchodon cingulatus and a fragmentary upper molar confirm its morganucodontan affinities. Cusps b and c are relatively higher than in Morganucodon, and cusp c is larger than cusp b. Cusp a is asymmetric, with slightly distally recurved tip. All known lower Storchodon molars have a pronounced furcation between the roots on the labial and lingual sides. The wear pattern of Storchodon corresponds to that observed in Morganucodon. Cusp A of the upper molar occludes into the valley between cusps a and c of the lower antagonist, causing large confluent wear facets. The smaller wear facets present on the mesiolabial flank of cusp b and the distolabial flank of cusp c were caused by cusp C of the upper antagonist that occluded into the embrasure between two lower molars. So far, the Morganucodon-like occlusal mode is restricted to the morganucodontans Morganucodon, Dinnetherium nezorum, Cifellilestes ciscoensis, and Storchodon cingulatus, whereas Megazostrodon and Erythrotherium exhibit embrasure occlusion. Although Storchodon belongs to the larger morganucodontans, it is questionable if it represents a case of island gigantism as suggested earlier.
Quantitative evaluation of bolt pre-load using coda wave interferometry and nonlinear coda wave interferometry: a comparative study
Authors: Wang Lei , Yi Shanchang , Sun Xiangtao , Yu Yang , Samali Bijan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe quantitative evaluation of bolt pre-load is crucial for the maintenance and prevention of accidents in bolt-connected structures. This study introduces the coda wave interferometry (CWI) method and the nonlinear coda wave interferometry (NCWI) method for quantitative evaluation of bolt pre-load. Experimental tests across three different scales of bolt pre-load changes were conducted on a bolt to compare the performances of CWI and NCWI in the quantitative evaluation of bolt pre-load. The results demonstrate that both CWI and NCWI can effectively characterize changes in bolt pre-load. For CWI, the relative velocity change (∆v/v) exhibits a linear relationship with the bolt pre-load. Meanwhile, for NCWI, the effective nonlinear level, denoted as $${\alpha }_{\Delta v/v}$$

α

Δ
v
/
v

, demonstrates a quadratic dependence on the bolt pre-load. In CWI, the calculation of ∆v/v is dependent on the correlation coefficient between the coda waves of signals before and after bolt pre-load changes. It is prone to failure when there are significant changes in bolt pre-load. Conversely, NCWI demonstrates enhanced robustness in evaluating bolt pre-load changes across a range of magnitudes.
Leveraging students' voices: understanding ways university support services can strengthen student support
Authors: Hitches Elizabeth , Woodcock Stuart , O’Sullivan Kerry-Ann , Ehrich John 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Student diversity in higher education is increasing, and to reduce barriers to students’ full and equitable participation, universities often provide accessibility and wellbeing support services to accommodate their needs. However, a more student-centred approach is required to respond to the challenges for many students with accessibility requirements or disabilities who are insufficiently accommodated, impacting negatively on their achievement and wellbeing. This study explored students’ (n = 60) beliefs about the ways in which support may not have accommodated their needs effectively, and their suggestions for how this could be improved. Students were considerate of the high demand support services were under and offered a range of high leverage solutions for strengthening and enhancing what is already available. Overall, students recommended accessible, personalised and student-centred support, which facilitated their own sense of agency and empowerment. Where these attributes were lacking, support was deemed catering to them ineffectively or partially. In addition, the findings of this study raised questions as to whether the available support is sufficiently targeted to the diverse experiences of students with chronic health conditions. By leveraging students’ voices, the higher education sector can gain deeper insight into ways to support students to reach their full potential.
Bernstein–Jacobi-type operators preserving derivatives
Authors: Lara-Velasco David , Pérez Teresa E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA general frame for Bernstein-type operators that preserve derivatives is given. We introduce Bernstein-type operators based in the weighted classical Jacobi inner product on the interval [0, 1] that extend the well known Bernstein–Durrmeyer operator as well as some other types of Bernstein operators that appear in the literature. Apart from standard results, we deduce properties about the preservation of derivatives and prove that classical Jacobi orthogonal polynomials on [0, 1] are the eigenfunctions of these operators. We also study the limit cases when one of the parameters of the Jacobi polynomials is a negative integer. Finally, we study several numerical examples.
Pressure-sensitive acrylic adhesives (PSAs): how it began and the present state of art
Authors: Robert Czech Zbigniew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPressure-sensitive adhesives, especially acrylate-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, are the main group of polymers used to produce a wide range of pressure-sensitive adhesives. Self-adhesive adhesives based on well-known natural resins and polymers have been known for a long time. The development of synthetic adhesives, especially those based on acrylate, began after World War II. BASF has made great contributions in this field. Therefore, because polyacrylates are relatively cheap, they are resistant to aging and the damaging effects of oxygen and UV radiation. Polyacrylate-based adhesives are known as solvent-based, water-dispersion, and solvent-free adhesives.
A Model for the Effect of Microstructure on the Ultimate Tensile Strength of Cast Irons
Authors: Matsushita Taishi , Domeij Björn , Fourlakidis Vasilios , Belov Ilja , Diószegi Attila 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to elucidate the influence of individual microstructural parameters, such as pearlite fraction, nodularity, and eutectic cell size, on the tensile strength (UTS) of cast irons. The UTS model was built by integrating the rule of mixtures for each microstructural component, and the UTS was described as a function of the aforementioned factors. The UTS and the required microstructure parameters for the model calculation were obtained experimentally. In the model, two coefficients were introduced to quantify the influence of the eutectic cell size and the interaction terms for the mixed two components. These coefficients were determined through fitting the experimental data, and the model's accuracy was validated using data not included in the fitting process. The results exhibited reasonable agreement, confirming the model's reliability. The model, thus, offers insights into the influence of each microstructural factor on UTS and serves as a guide for designing alloys to achieve the desired UTS through microstructure modifications.
Thermal history transfer from complex components to representative test specimens in laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Mohr Gunther , Chaudry Mohsin Ali , Scheuschner Nils , González Sergio Blasón , Madia Mauro , Hilgenberg Kai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdditively manufactured components are characterized by heterogeneous mechanical properties due to variations of the microstructure, flaws and residual stresses resulting from the inhomogeneous fabrication process. The large number of influencing factors poses a further challenge in understanding the correlation between material properties, process parameters and component geometry. Therefore, the qualification of components based on witness specimens produced within the same job is questionable. This work aims to present a new strategy for the characterization of PBF-LB/M components based on representative specimens. The key assumption is the feasibility of a transfer of the thermal history from a component to a specimen. It is assumed that similar material properties are determined for components and specimens produced adopting a similar thermal history. After the definition of a region of interest in the component, a combination of thermal analyses by means of finite elements and in-situ experimental determination of the thermal history through infrared thermography is used to produce test coupons with a similar thermal history. The effectiveness of the procedure is demonstrated on a pressure vessel for applications in the chemical industry.
MCMC sampling of directed flag complexes with fixed undirected graphs
Authors: Unger Florian , Krebs Jonathan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConstructing null models to test the significance of extracted information is a crucial step in data analysis. In this work, we provide a uniformly sampleable null model of directed graphs with the same (or similar) number of simplices in the flag complex, with the restriction of retaining the underlying undirected graph. We describe an MCMC-based algorithm to sample from this null model and statistically investigate the mixing behaviour. This is paired with a high-performance, Rust-based, publicly available implementation. The motivation comes from topological data analysis of connectomes in neuroscience. In particular, we answer the fundamental question: are the high Betti numbers observed in the investigated graphs evidence of an interesting topology, or are they merely a byproduct of the high numbers of simplices? Indeed, by applying our new tool on the connectome of C. elegans and parts of the statistical reconstructions of the Blue Brain Project, we find that the Betti numbers observed are considerable statistical outliers with respect to this new null model. We thus, for the first time, statistically confirm that topological data analysis in microscale connectome research is extracting statistically meaningful information.
Prevalence of Human Toxoplasmosis in Spain Throughout the Three Last Decades (1993–2023): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Miguel-Vicedo Mariola , Cabello Paula , Ortega-Navas M. Carmen , González-Barrio David , Fuentes Isabel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHumans are infected by Toxoplasma gondii worldwide and its consequences may seriously affect an immune deprived population such as HIV and transplanted patients or pregnant women and foetuses. A deep knowledge of toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in Spain is needed in order to better shape health policies and educational programs. We present the results of the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the human prevalence for this disease in Spain. Databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Teseo) were searched for relevant studies that were published between January 1993 and December 2023 and all population-based cross-sectional and longitudinal studies reporting the human seroprevalence in Spain were revised. Within the population analysed, our targeted groups were immunocompetent population, pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. Among 572 studies and 35 doctoral theses retrieved, 15 studies and three doctoral theses were included in the meta-analysis. A random effects model was used for the meta-analyses due to the high heterogeneity found between studies (I2: 99.97), since it is a statistically conservative model, in addition to allowing better external validity. The global pooled seroprevalence was 32.3% (95% CI 28.7–36.2%). Most of the studies carried out were in pregnant women and the meta-analysis reported that the pooled seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Spain was 24.4% (24,737/85,703, 95% CI 21.2–28.0%), based on the random effects model. It is recommended to continue monitoring the seroprevalence status of T. gondii in order to obtain essential guidelines for the prevention and control of the infection in the population.
Indigenous bridging/foundation education: student feedback on programme successes, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Anderson Anneka , Curtis Elana , Tkatch Melaney , Loring Belinda , Reddy Sue , Stokes Kanewa , Nepia Wills , Winter Tracey , Reid Papaarangi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHikitia te Ora (Certificate in Health Sciences) is a 1 year Indigenous bridging foundation programme at the University of Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand. The programme aims to increase Māori and Pacific health workforce representation. This qualitative study applied a Kaupapa Māori positioning to elucidate the strengths, challenges, and opportunities of the programme. Data were collected through two workshops and seven focus groups with a total of 67 participants who were students of Hikitia te Ora from past and present cohorts, or their family members. Using a general inductive thematic analysis, the primary themes identified were that programme successes encompassed whanaungatanga (process of establishing relationships), academic and pastoral support, programme structure and the teaching content. Challenges included social cliques and divisive social groupings, timetabling of courses and high workloads. The three areas that emerged for further development include extending Pacific content, increasing the number of students in the programme, and maintaining a programme-specific study space for students. Implementing the findings from this study into Hikitia te Ora is expected to improve educational outcomes for Māori and Pacific students and may have the potential to benefit other bridging foundation courses aiming to promote Indigenous health workforce development.
Relationship between indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity in a residential building in Central Europe
Authors: Božič Anže 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRelative humidity and temperature in indoor spaces are two important environmental factors that not only determine the behaviour and well-being of building occupants but also influence airborne transmission of respiratory diseases in closed spaces. While recent studies have examined how well indoor conditions relate to outdoor ambient weather, most studies on weather-related health effects still use a single central site monitor such as a weather station since outdoor values are more convenient to measure. However, the correlation between indoor and outdoor values is not always straightforward. Our case study explores the relationships between indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity in a residential building apartment in a temperate climate in Central Europe. Measurements performed over the period of one year allow for a detailed comparison and analysis of correlations between both daily averages as well as daily profiles of indoor and outdoor variables. The results of this case study add further evidence to the observations that day-to-day variation in indoor temperature and relative humidity are not well-represented by outdoor measurements. It further adds to the growing body of data on indoor environmental variables and should thus prove useful in studies aiming to determine the influence of relative humidity and temperature on indoor transmission of airborne diseases as well as in studies examining the influence of these two variables on the well-being of building occupants.
A Displaced Lower Mantle Source of the Hainan Plume in South China Revealed by Receiver Function Imaging of the CEArray
Authors: Zhang Yan , Niu Fenglin , Ning Jieyuan , Yu Chunquan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe analyzed 49,592 teleseismic receiver functions (RFs) recorded by 278 CEArray stations to image the mantle transition zone (MTZ) beneath the South China Block to understand the origins of deep velocity anomalies and their potential links to subduction and intraplate volcanism. We employed a fast‐marching method and a high‐resolution 3‐D velocity model (FWEA18) derived from full waveform inversion in computing P‐to‐S conversion times to better image the 410‐ and 660‐km discontinuities. Our results indicate that the common‐conversion‐point stacking of RFs using 3‐D conversion times yielded better migration images of the two discontinuities. The images revealed a slightly depressed 410‐km with a few small uplifted patches, and showed that the 660‐km beneath the western Yangtze Craton is depressed by 10–25 km, which is likely caused by the stagnant Paleo‐Pacific slab. The 660‐km beneath the southern Cathaysia Block has a 5–15 km high plateau with a topographic low at its central part. The lateral dimension of the topographic low is ∼150 km and is located beneath the central Pearl River Mount Basin near Hong Kong. We speculate that the topographic low occurs within the Hainan plume with a temperature excess of ∼300–400 K and is caused by the garnet phase transition. The displaced deep plume enters the MTZ and spreads nearly horizontally at the base. The plume evolves into two channels with a minor one toward the northeast and a major one toward the southwest, which keep moving upward to the 410‐km. The southwest channel is likely the source that feeds the Hainan volcanoes.
Effects of Initial Injection Condition on Colloid Retention
Authors: Al‐Zghoul Bashar M. , Volponi Sabrina N. , Johnson W. P. , Bolster Diogo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of initial injection conditions on colloid transport and retention in porous media. Employing both uniform and flux‐weighted distributions for the initial colloid locations, the research explores diverse flow scenarios, ranging from simple Poiseuille flow to more complex geometries. The results underscore the pivotal role the injection mode plays on the shape of colloid retention profiles (RPs), particularly those that display anomalous non‐exponential decay with distance. Broadly, uniform injection yields multi‐exponential profiles, while flux‐weighted injection can lead to nonmonotonic profiles in certain conditions. The study identifies preferential flow paths as a key factor in producing nonmonotonic RPs. Notably, variations in fluid velocity, colloid size, and ionic strength affect attachment rates near the inlet but do not significantly alter the qualitative transition between multi‐exponential and nonmonotonic profiles. The study emphasizes that the chosen injection mode dictates retention profile shapes, highlighting its crucial role in porous media colloid transport. These insights provide a possible partial explanation of previously observed anomalous transport behaviors, urging consideration of injection conditions in interpretations of experiments, where they can be difficult to accurately control and measure with high precision.
Contrasting Methane Seepage Dynamics in the Hola Trough Offshore Norway: Insights From Two Different Summers
Authors: Ferré Bénédicte , Barreyre Thibaut , Bünz Stefan , Argentino Claudio , Corrales‐Guerrero Jorge , Dølven Knut Ola , Stetzler Marie , Fallati Luca , Sert Muhammed Fatih , Panieri Giuliana , Rastrick Samuel , Kutti Tina , Moser Manuel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the temporal variations in methane concentration and flare activity in the Hola trough (offshore Norway) during May 2018 and June 2022. Between these time periods, methane seep activity exhibits 3.5 times increase, as evidenced by hydroacoustic measurements. As the seep area in the Hola trough is constantly within the hydrate stability zone, the observed increase cannot be attributed to migration of its shallow boundary due to temperature increase. However, a combination of low tide conditions resulting in a lower sediment pore pressure and a bottom water temperature increase resulting in a lower methane solubility is likely to explain the increase in the number of seeps observed in June 2022. The hypothesis of tide influence is supported by data collected from a piezometer deployed and recovered during the cruise showing that the tidal effect was observed 3 m below the seafloor. Despite the numerous methane seeps detected, methane concentration and gas flow rates near the seafloor were low (<19 nM and <70 mL min−1, respectively) compared to other areas with methane seep activity. This is likely due to strong currents rapidly dispersing methane in the water column. Sub‐seafloor investigations identified pathways for gas migration in methane seep areas, influenced by topography. This study provides valuable insights into the temporal dynamics of methane concentrations, flare activity, and gas distribution in the Hola trough, contributing to our understanding of offshore methane dynamics in the region.
The Influence of Fresh Submarine Groundwater Discharge on Seawater Acidification Along the Northern Mediterranean Coast of Israel
Authors: Silverman J. , Strauch‐Gozali S. , Asfur M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the oligotrophic Southeastern Mediterranean Sea (SEMS), it has been shown that dissolved inorganic nutrient (DIN) from fresh submarine groundwater discharge (FSGD) enhance primary production in coastal waters. In this study pH, Total Alkalinity (TA) and DIN of seawater and fresh water in a sea‐cave in the northern part of the Israeli Mediterranean coast and a nearby contact spring, respectively, were measured during October 2018–March 2020. The results show gradients of measured salinity, TA, pH and DIN along the cave axis year‐round, suggesting that they are influenced by FSGD. The seawater near the back of the cave was supersaturated with respect to atmospheric CO2 nearly year‐round and there is a strong positive divergence from its regional open‐water thermal dependence, which suggests that FSGD is also a source of atmospheric CO2 in this region. Comparison of TA, salinity and pCO2 from the back of the sea cave to their corresponding values from an abrasion platform monitoring site, ca. 3 km south of the cave, suggests that FSGD is occurring along the entire shoreline in this region. Thus, despite the increased productivity due to FSGD mediated nutrient enrichment of adjacent coastal waters of the oligotrophic SEMS, they are still a source of atmospheric CO2 nearly year‐round. Finally, the apparent trends of seawater acidification (ΔpH/Δt = −0.006 yrs−1) and pCO2 increase (+8 ppmV yr−1) observed at the nearby monitoring site since 2013 are explained by increased groundwater recharge and resulting FSGD total alkalinity compared to dissolved inorganic carbon inputs (ΔTA/ΔDIC = 1:1.2).