bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S0356: A Phase II Clinical and Prospective Molecular Trial With Oxaliplatin, Fluorouracil, and External-Beam Radiation Therapy Before Surgery for Patients With Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Leichman Lawrence P. , Goldman Bryan H. , Bohanes Pierre O. , Lenz Heinz J. , Thomas Charles R. , Billingsley Kevin G. , Corless Christopher L. , Iqbal Syma , Gold Philip J. , Benedetti Jacqueline K. , Danenberg Kathleen D. , Blanke Charles D. 
Published: October 2011

Purpose Pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma is associated with improved survival. The Southwest Oncology Group designed a trimodality, phase II, single-arm trial with objectives of achieving a pCR rate of 40% with prospective exploratory analyses of intratumoral molecular markers postulated to affect response and survival. Patients and Methods Patients with clinically staged II or III esophageal adenocarcinoma received oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 on days 1, 15, and 29; protracted-infusion fluorouracil (PI-FU) 180 mg/m2/d on days 8 through 43; and external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) 5 days a week at 1.8 Gy/d for 25 fractions; surgery was performed 28 to 42 days after neoadjuvant therapy. Chemotherapy was planned after surgery. Tumors were analyzed for mRNA expression and polymorphisms in genes involved in drug metabolism and DNA repair. Results Ninety-three patients were evaluable. Two deaths (2.2%) were attributable to preoperative therapy, and two deaths (2.2%) were attributable to surgery. Grade 3 and 4 toxicities were recorded for 47.3% and 19.4% of patients, respectively. Seventy-nine patients (84.9%) underwent surgery; 67.7% of patients had R0 resections. Twenty-six patients (28.0%) had confirmed pCR (95% CI, 19.1% to 38.2%). At a median follow-up of 39.2 months, estimates of median and 3-year overall survival (OS) were 28.3 months and 45.1%, respectively. Intratumoral ERCC-1 gene expression was inversely related to progression-free survival and OS. Conclusion Neoadjuvant oxaliplatin, PI-FU, and EBRT for esophageal adenocarcinoma is active and tolerable. Because the regimen failed to meet the primary end point, it does not define a new standard. However, future trials can be built on this platform to validate the role of ERCC-1 in determining the best systemic regimen for individual patients.
Evaluation of Maxwell® 16 for automated DNA extraction from whole blood and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue
Authors: Khokhar Shama Khan , Mitui Midori , Leos Nora Kristine , Rogers Beverly Barton , Park Jason Y. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the performance of Promega, MaxwellDNA was extracted from 10 whole blood and 10 FFPE specimens using six different commercial kits.For whole blood, the mean DNA concentration obtained by MaxwellComparative evaluation of the six DNA extraction kits indicated that the semi-automated Maxwell
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Primary HT and risk for breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Angelousi Anna G , Anagnostou Valsamo K , Stamatakos Michael K , Georgiopoulos Georgios A , Kontzoglou Konstantinos C 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveThe association between hypothyroidism and breast cancer has been described from very early on. Breast and thyroid tissue are interconnected on a molecular level mainly through activation of thyroid hormone receptors expressed on cells of the mammary gland as well as on the plasma membrane of breast cancer cells. Despite the experimental evidence the true value of hypothyroidism as a risk factor for breast cancer remains controversial.MethodsWe searched the PubMed database through February 2011 to identify studies that evaluated the association between hypothyroidism and risk for breast cancer as well as the effect of thyroid hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer incidence.ResultsA meta-analysis performed in 12 studies showed that hypothyroidism was not associated with risk for breast cancer (pooled risk ratio (RR)=1.06, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.82–1.35, P=0.672). The effect of treatment was assessed in seven studies and no evidence for an association between thyroid hormone replacement and breast cancer was observed with an overall RR of 0.99 (95% CI 0.73–1.35, P=0.965).ConclusionsOur meta-analysis showed that hypothyroidism is not associated with increased risk for breast cancer and thyroid hormone replacement therapy does not reduce breast cancer prevalence; however, the heterogeneity of the studies analyzed precludes firm conclusions.
Age and Risks of FDA-Approved Long-Acting β2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists
Authors: McMahon Ann W. , Levenson Mark S. , McEvoy Bradley W. , Mosholder Andrew D. , Murphy Dianne 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the risk, by age group, of serious asthma-related events with long-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonists marketed in the United States for asthma.

METHODS:
The US Food and Drug Administration performed a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials comparing the risk of LABA use with no LABA use for patients 4 to 11, 12 to 17, 18 to 64, and older than 64 years old. The effects of age on a composite of asthma-related deaths, intubations, and hospitalizations (asthma composite index) and the effects of concomitant inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use were analyzed.

RESULTS:
One hundred ten trials with 60 954 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The composite event incidence difference for all ages was 6.3 events per 1000 patient-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2–10.3) for using LABAs compared with not using LABAs. The largest incidence difference was observed for the 4- to 11-year age group (30.4 events per 1000 patient-years [95% CI: 5.7–55.1]). Differences according to age were statistically significant (P = .020). Results for the subgroup of patients with concomitant ICS use (n = 36 210) were similar to the overall results; with assigned ICSs (n = 15 192), the incidence difference was 0.4 events per 1000 patient-years (95% CI: −3.8 to 4.6), and there was no statistically significant difference according to age group.

CONCLUSIONS:
The excess of serious asthma-related events attributable to LABAs was greatest among children. Additional data are needed to assess risks of LABA use for children with simultaneous ICS use.
Stool Color Card Screening for Biliary Atresia
Authors: Tseng Jui-Ju , Lai Mei-Su , Lin Ming-Chih , Fu Yun-Ching 
Published: October 2011

INTRODUCTION:Biliary atresia is a major cause of extrahepatic obstructive jaundice in neonates. Early Kasai operation is the gold standard of treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of stool color card screening by using claims data from the National Health Insurance Research Database.METHODS:This was a retrospective cohort study. Data from medical charts of all inpatients who were diagnosed with biliary atresia from 1996 to 2008 were collected from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients who received a Kasai operation or liver transplant were identified by the Operation code. The patients' gender, age at admission, and type of operation were collected and analyzed.RESULTS:From 1996 to 2008, the overall incidence of biliary atresia was 1.48 per 10 000 live births. The median age at first admission for patients with suspected biliary atresia decreased after the implementation of stool color card screening (47 vs 43 days). The proportion of very late referral decreased from 9.5% to 4.9%. The median age of Kasai operation advanced from 51 to 48 days. The proportions of Kasai operation within 60 days of age were 68.9% before and 73.6% after screening program.CONCLUSION:Stool color card screening seemed to increase parents' and physicians' awareness of biliary atresia. It also was associated with a decline in the proportion of late referral. Thus, screening might be especially effective in areas with high a proportion of late referral. Improvements in the speed of workup and the operation room should be the focus of education and training in the future.
Microstructural modification upon hydrogen cycling of MgH2 nanocomposites
Authors: Montone A. , Aurora A. , Gattia D. Mirabile , Antisari M. Vittori 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe morphological evolution of Mg based powders during repeated absorption-desorption reactions with hydrogen has been studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The main feature observed is the presence, after several cycles, of surface protrusions probably constituted by the base Mg material without the presence of a catalyst. The effect is present both in catalyzed and non-catalyzed materials and it is considered an indication of the tendency of the base material to exit from the oxide shell surrounding the Mg powder particles. This tendency is confirmed by the observation of empty MgO boxes indicating that the effect can push until a complete expulsion of the base material. This effect can represent the base for an innovative method for cleaning the surface of a tank material by an “in situ” procedure.
Plasma and whole brain cholinesterase activities in three wild bird species in Mosul, IRAQ: In vitro inhibition by insecticides
Authors: Alias Ashraf , Al-Zubaidy Muna , Mousa Yaareb , Mohammad Fouad 
Published: October 2011

Plasma and whole brain cholinesterase activities in three wild bird species in Mosul, IRAQ:In vitroinhibition by insecticidesPlasma and brain cholinesterase activities were determined in three wild bird species to assess their exposure to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides which are used in agriculture and public health. In the present study, we used an electrometric method for measurement of cholinesterase activities in the plasma and whole brain of three indigenous wild birds commonly found in northern Iraq. The birds used were apparently healthy adults of both sexes (8 birds/species, comprising 3-5 from each sex) of quail (Coturnix coturnix), collard dove (Streptopelia decaocto) and rock dove (Columba livia gaddi), which were captured in Mosul, Iraq. The mean respective cholinesterase activities (Δ pH/30 minutes) in the plasma and whole brain of the birds were as follows: quail (0.96 and 0.29), collard dove (0.97and 0.82) and rock dove (1.44 and 1.42). We examined the potential susceptibility of the plasma or whole brain cholinesterases to inhibition by selected insecticides. The technique ofin vitrocholinesterase inhibition for 10 minutes by the organophosphate insecticides dichlorvos, malathion and monocrotophos (0.5 and 1.0 μM) and the carbamate insecticide carbaryl (5 and10 μM) in the enzyme reaction mixtures showed significant inhibition of plasma and whole brain cholinesterase activities to various extents. The data further support and add to the reported cholinesterase activities determined electrometrically in wild birds in northern Iraq. The plasma and whole brain cholinesterases of the birds are highly susceptible to inhibition by organophosphate and carbamate insecticides as determined by the described electrometric method, and the results further suggest the usefulness of the method in biomonitoring wild bird cholinesterases.
Characteristics of selected seminal plasma proteins and their application in the improvement of the reproductive processes in mammals
Authors: Mogielnicka-Brzozowska M. , Kordan W. 
Published: October 2011

Characteristics of selected seminal plasma proteins and their application in the improvement of the reproductive processes in mammalsUnderstanding the biochemical processes associated with ovum fertilization and knowledge about the structure and function of individual substances participating in these processes is crucial for the development of biotechnological methods to improve reproduction of animals and humans. Among many components of seminal plasma, proteins and peptides play a specific role in regulation of the fertilization process, particularly through their ability to bind various types of ligands such as polysaccharides, lipids and ions. Heparin-binding proteins regulate capacitation and acrosome reaction processes. Affinity of plasma proteins to mannans of the fallopian tube epithelium facilitates formation of spermatozoa reservoirs in the female reproductive tract. Ability to bind phosphorylcholine is one of the conditions for the coating of the seminal plasma proteins on the sperm membrane and also determines the formation of oligomeric forms of certain proteins. Zinc binding by seminal plasma proteins regulates sperm chromatin condensation state. It also affects motility of these cells and acrosome reaction. The interspecies analysis indicates significant structural and functional similarities, especially for the proteins with low molecular weight. Fertility associated proteins (FAPs) have been determined in the bull, stallion, boar, ram and dog. The contents of these proteins correlate with the indicators of the fertilizing abilities of sperm. In humans, several seminal plasma proteins were found which serve as diagnostic markers of spermatogenesis, seminiferous epithelium state, and azoospermia. To determine the semen ability for preservation, measurement of some seminal plasma protein content may also be used. Addition of specific plasma proteins to a spermatozoa solution undergoing the process of preservation may be used to retain the features of the cells responsible for efficient fertilization.
Carbonaceous schists of the Main Central Thrust zone as a source of graphite: a case study from the Kali Gandaki valley, west Nepal
Authors: Paudel Lalu Prasad 
Published: October 2011

Petrological study and X-ray diffraction analysis were carried out to identify the content and quality of graphitic material inthe carbonaceous schist from the Main Central Thrust zone in the Kali Gandaki valley, west Nepal. The study shows that thecarbonaceous schists contain more than 15-30% graphite. They contain both amorphous and flake graphite with variable grainsize. As graphite is being mined commercially in rocks containing even <5% graphite worldwide, carbonaceous rocks of the MainCentral Thrust zone can be a potential sources of commercial graphite in Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v14i0.5431Bulletin of the Department of Geology Vol.14 2011, pp. 9-14
Development of nuclear SSRs for the insular shrub Clerodendrum izuinsulare (Verbenaceae) and the widespread C. trichotomum
Authors: Mizusawa Leiko , Kaneko Shingo , Hasegawa Masami , Isagi Yuji 
Published: October 2011

• Premise of the study: Nuclear microsatellite primers were developed in the insular shrub Clerodendrum izuinsulare and the closely related widespread C. trichotomum to provide molecular tools to undertake a comparative study of the reproductive systems and genetic structures of the two Clerodendrum species.• Methods and Results: Using an improved protocol for isolating codominant compound microsatellite markers, 19 primer sets were developed in C. izuinsulare and C. trichotomum. The primers amplified dinucleotide repeats with one to nine alleles per locus in C. izuinsulare and one to 15 alleles per locus in C. trichotomum. Tests of cross‐amplification showed that four to 16 loci could be amplified using these markers in five other species of Clerodendrum that were studied.• Conclusions: The microsatellite markers described here will be useful for comparative study of the reproductive systems and genetic structures of the narrow endemic C. izuinsulare and the widespread C. trichotomum.
Effects of phase inversion and composition of casting solution on morphology and gas permeance of polyethersulfone/polyimide blend membranes
Authors: Madaeni S. S. , Farhadian A. , Vatanpour V. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this study, the preparation of high flux gas separation flat sheet membranes based on polyethersulfone (PES) and polyimide (PI) Matrimid 5218 blends was investigated. The process of dry/wet phase inversion with three different compositions of PES/PI (80/20, 50/50 and 20/80 wt%) in N, N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) or tetrahydrofuran (THF) were employed. The utilization of these solvents has not been reported. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphological characteristics and the structure of asymmetric membranes. The results indicate that the blend ratio of the polymers plays a vital role in membrane structure and capability. The prepared membranes possessed a typical asymmetric structure with a dense skin layer and a porous substructure. Macrovoids were observed in the membrane substructure with high PES concentration (80 wt%). The effect of PES/PI membrane surface coating with polydimethylsiloxane rubber solution on gas permeance and selectivity was investigated. After coating, the modified membranes exhibited O2 permeances from 3 to 36 gas particulate unit (GPU). However, the membrane selectivity for O2/N2 was decreased from 18 to 5 at room temperature. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 31: 298–309, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20253
Aromatic amine‐epoxidized sunflower free‐fatty‐acid adducts as corrosion inhibitors in epoxy‐curable varnishes
Authors: Mohamed Heba A. , Ibrahim Mervat S. , Kandil Nadia G. , Said Hossam M. , Mohamed Issa M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWith strict regulation of environmental pollution, sunflower fatty acids were used to prepare high‐molecular‐weight aromatic amine adducts by reaction of their epoxidized form [epoxidized sunflower free fatty acid (ESFA)] with five aromatic amines [o‐toluidine (o‐T), m‐toluidine (m‐T), p‐toluidine (p‐T), p‐anizidine (p‐A), and p‐chloroaniline (p‐ClA)] under severe conditions of an inert atmosphere and high temperature. The produced adducts were characterized physically, chemically, and by IR spectroscopy. The acid values and oxirane contents of the prepared adducts were determined to confirm the participation of carboxylic groups and epoxy groups, respectively, in the reaction of ESFA with aromatic amines. Also, to avoid volatile organic compounds, the prepared adducts of ESFA (o‐T–ESFA, m‐T–ESFA, p‐T–ESFA, p‐A–ESFA, and p‐ClA–ESFA) were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in electron‐beam‐curable epoxy acrylate oligomer formulations. Physical and mechanical measurements were carried out, in addition to corrosion‐resistance tests and weight loss measurements of the coated steel panels. The optimum concentration of each adduct was determined for the prepared formulations. The corrosion‐inhibition efficiency of the adducts in varnish formulations were determined. It was found that varnish formulations containing the prepared aromatic amine adducts could protect steel from corrosion. The corrosion‐inhibition efficiencies of the prepared aromatic amines in epoxy acrylate oligomer varnishes were arranged as follows: p‐A–ESFA > p‐T–ESFA > m‐T–ESFA > o‐T–ESFA > p‐ClA–ESFA. Superior corrosion‐inhibition efficiency was obtained in the varnish formula containing 0.6% p‐A–ESFA adduct. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Facile Synthesis of N‐Sulfonylcyclothioureas in Water
Authors: Wan Guoxiang , Xu Liang , Ma Xiaosi , Zhang Yong , Wang Jian , Zhang Jian , Ma Ning 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA sequential one‐pot synthesis of N‐sulfonylcyclothioureas from N‐monosulfonyl diamines, CS2 and chloroacetic acid at room temperature in water is described. In the absence of highly toxic thiophosgene and organic solvents, this method is environmentally benign. Simple reaction conditions, easy purification of the products, good yields and thioglycolic acid as the useful byproduct are also important attributes of this methodology. The plausible mechanism including tandem reactions is proposed.
Synthesis, Structures, and Adsorption Properties of Two New LaIII–MgII Heterometallic Polymers
Authors: Xu Yun , Che Yun‐Xia , Cheng Fang‐Yi , Zheng Ji‐Min 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo new LaIII–MgII heterometallic polymers, {[La2(oda)6Mg2][Mg(H2O)6]·6H2O}n (1) and {[La2(pda)6Mg3(H2O)6]·11H2O}n (2) (H2oda = oxydiacetic acid, H2pda = pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid), have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Structural analysis reveals that 1 contains two types of 3D cavities, one of which is occupied by [Mg(H2O)6]2+ units, and the other is occupied by free water molecules. The metal‐only structure of 2 is a hexagonal network, in which the cavities are occupied by free water molecules. The adsorption properties of 1 and 2 have been investigated. The hydrogen adsorption and desorption curves of the two polymers show an unusual, pronounced hysteresis behavior.
A One‐Pot Synthesis of 1‐Hydroxy‐1,1‐bis(phosphonic acid)s Starting from the Corresponding Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Egorov Maxim , Aoun Sameh , Padrines Marc , Redini Françoise , Heymann Dominique , Lebreton Jacques , Mathé‐Allainmat Monique 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBy starting with various carboxylic acids, a one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of the corresponding 1‐hydroxy‐1,1‐bis(phosphonic acid)s is reported. The efficiency of this simple methodology is illustrated by synthesizing well‐known marketable amino hydroxy bis(phosphonate)s such as alendronate or N‐methyl pamidronate without additional steps for the protection/deprotection of the amine function.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds through Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Mechanistic Investigations and Synthetic Scope
Authors: Cruz Hugo , Gallardo Iluminada , Guirado Gonzalo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAdvantages of the electrochemical approach in the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction, such as (a) low cost and ready availability of reagents, (b) atom economy, and (c) high yields (approaching 100 %), are applied to rationalize the (polar or radical) mechanism and to develop new greener synthetic routes for the synthesis of substituted nitroaromatic organophosphorus compounds. The nucleophiles used to study the feasibility and viability of the reaction are the classical tervalent phosphorus nucleophiles: trimethylphosphane, triethylphosphane, triphenylphosphane, diphenylphosphane, trimethyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite, dimethyl phosphonate, diethyl phosphonate, oxo(diphenyl)phosphorane, with two nitroaromatic compounds 1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene and 1‐chloro‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene in a DMF solution containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate. In all cases, in order to establish the feasibility or benefits of the electrochemical approach relative to the chemical approach, blank reactions were also performed.
α2‐Agonisten im Entzug
Authors: Tonner Peter H. , Paris Andrea 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPatienten mit Suchterkrankungen sind im perioperativen Bereich nicht selten. Derzeit geht man davon aus, dass mindestens jeder 10. Patient, der sich einer chirurgischen Behandlung unterzieht, einen chronischen Alkoholmissbrauch betreibt, in der deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung beträgt die Prävalenz eines chronisch erhöhten Alkoholkonsums 4, 6 %. Zu einem Alkoholentzugsdelir kommt es perioperativ in 8 bis 31 % der Fälle.