bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytologic features of triple‐negative breast carcinoma
Authors: Bonzanini Mariella , Morelli Luca , Bonandini Elena Maria , Leonardi Elena , Pertile Riccardo , Dalla Palma Paolo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is distinct from other breast cancers, because the tumor cells lack estrogen and progesterone receptors (hormone receptors) and also are negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). They comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors with various histologic features and clinical behaviors. High‐grade, invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified is the most frequent type, and a substantial fraction of TNBCs belongs to the basal‐like tumor type. The purpose of this study was to determine whether some cytologic features could predict the triple phenotype of breast carcinoma.METHODS:Fine‐needle aspiration cytology samples of 62 TNBCs were compared with samples of 82 hormone receptor‐positive, high‐grade, invasive carcinomas (HRBC) and with samples of 33 hormone receptor‐negative, HER2 positive, invasive carcinomas (HER2BC) for the following cytomorphologic features: cellularity, necrosis, lymphocytes, syncytial clusters, tubular/ductal‐like clusters, large bare nuclei, streaming within the clusters, and calcifications. Moreover, single cell features, such as cellular borders, cytoplasm, cytoplasmic vacuoles, nuclear pleomorphism, nucleoli, and type of chromatin pattern, were evaluated. Descriptive analyses and 2 multivariate regression models were performed to compare TNBC, HRBC, and HER2BC and to identify the cytologic factors that were associated with tumor type.RESULTS:TNBCs were more likely to have an abundant necrotic background, many lymphocytes, many syncytial clusters, and ill defined cell borders than non‐TNBCs. A tubular/ductal pattern was observed only rarely in TNBCs. Multivariate logistic analysis indicated a 90.8% probability of identifying TNBC versus HRBC by the following cytologic variables: lymphocytes, ill defined cell borders and syncytial clusters, tubular/ductal clusters, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and cellular pleomorphism; whereas there was a 77.5% probability of identifying TNBC rather than HER2BC by the following variables: cellularity, ill defined cellular borders and syncytial clusters, and tubular/ductal clusters.CONCLUSIONS:Although TNBCs embrace a heterogeneous group of tumors, in this study, they exhibited some common cytologic features that can help to distinguish them from other high‐grade breast carcinomas in daily practice. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Special Electronic Structure and Extended Supramolecular Oligomerization of Anionic 1,4‐Dicorannulenylbenzene
Authors: Eisenberg David , Quimby Jennifer M. , Ho Derrick , Lavi Ronit , Benisvy Laurent , Scott Lawrence T. , Shenhar Roy 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe chemistry of oligocorannulenes (compounds composed of two or more corannulenyl moieties) arises from the properties of each corannulenyl and from the interactions between them. Varying the linkage between the corannulenyl moieties can influence the interaction and give rise to new properties in these carbon‐rich compounds. This work describes the synthesis and reduction of 1,4‐dicorannulenylbenzene in which a rigid aromatic benzene spacer leads to new electronic and supramolecular behavior, as shown by NMR, EPR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy, as well as DFT calculations. Structural and energy analyses of the dianion revealed that the benzene ring modifies the electronic communication between the two bowls. To preserve the aromatic character of the benzene, conjugation between the bowls is minimized and the benzene assumes a biradical bonding pattern rather than a quinoidal one. At the octaanionic stage, self‐diffusion NMR experiments revealed extended supramolecular polymerization through charged polyarene stacking. The highly charged supramolecular oligomers are composed of up to 11 monomers per chain, significantly longer than the first (bicorannulenyl) oligomers of this type. This observation constitutes a proof‐of‐principle for controlling this novel type of polymer through modification of the intercorannulenyl spacer.
Ligated Regioselective PdII Catalysis to Access β‐Aryl‐Bearing Aldehydes, Ketones, and β‐Keto Esters
Authors: Vellakkaran Mari , Andappan Murugaiah M. S. , Kommu Nagaiah 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBy employing ligands in the PdII‐mediated arylative isomerization of allyl alcohols, a milder and regioselective access to the versatile building blocks β‐aryl aldehydes and ketones was developed. This new and chelation‐controlled protocol enabled the compatibility of wide range of functionalities to generate dihydrochalcones, α‐benzyl‐α′‐alkyl acetones, dihydrocinnamaldehydes, and α‐benzyl β‐keto esters (from Baylis–Hillman adducts). A practical multigram synthesis of an intermediate for Propafenone was also demonstrated.
Functional analysis of promoter variants in KU70 and their role in cancer susceptibility
Authors: Ouimet Manon , Cassart Pauline , Larivière Mathieu , Kritikou Ekaterini A. , Simard Jacques , Sinnett Daniel 
Published: July 2012

AbstractKU70 is involved in the DNA double‐strand break repair pathway, which plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability and preventing cancer. Genetic variation within the KU70 gene has been shown to be associated with increased risk of several types of cancers including breast cancer. Here, we used gene reporter and gel shift assays combined with site‐directed mutagenesis to characterize genetic variation within the KU70 proximal promoter region and investigate the putative functional role of regulatory variation and altered KU70 expression in modulating an individual's susceptibility to disease. We show that the variant rs2267437C>G significantly influences KU70 transcriptional activity in an allele‐ specific manner and alters DNA–protein complex formation in breast cancer cell lines. Our data provide a possible molecular explanation for the associations observed between the KU70 regulatory variant rs2267437 and breast cancer risk. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PROX1 overexpression inhibits protein kinase C beta II transcription through promoter DNA methylation
Authors: Hagiwara Kazumi , Ito Hiromi , Murate Takashi , Miyata Yasuhiko , Ohashi Haruhiko , Nagai Hirokazu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractProspero‐related homeobox 1 (PROX1) is important for embryonic organ formation and differentiation, and changes in PROX1 activity were recently associated with cancer. To address the PROX1 roles in tumorigenesis, we established cells stably overexpressing PROX1 using the human cervical cancer cell line, HeLa. Overexpression of PROX1 reduced cell proliferation and the rate of tumor formation as compared with controls. Comparison of gene expression profiles between PROX1‐overexpressing and mock‐transfected cells revealed that the expression of protein kinase C βII (PRKCB2) is down‐regulated in PROX1‐overexpressing cells. A PRKCB inhibitor suppressed cell growth of control cells more than PROX1‐expressing cells. Analysis of the 5′‐promoter of PRKCB revealed that a region between −110 bp and the first exon contains two Sp1 binding sites and is important for transcriptional regulation of PRKCB. The inhibition of Sp1 transcription factor resulted in down‐regulation of PRKCB2 protein levels. Treatment with a demethylating agent, 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine, restored PRKCB2 mRNA expression in PROX1‐expressing cells, suggesting that the 5′‐promoter of PRKCB is methylated in these cells. Actually, it was found that a CpG island in this region, in particular a CpG site overlapping with the distal Sp1 site, was hypermethylated and direct Sp1 binding to this region was inhibited in PROX1‐overexpressing cells. Thus, the suppressive effect of PROX1 on cell growth and tumor formation might be partially mediated by PRKCB2 via altered methylation of its promoter. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of bedrock flow on catchment rainfall‐runoff characteristics and the water balance in forested catchments in Tanzawa Mountains, Japan
Authors: Oda Tomoki , Suzuki Masakazu , Egusa Tomohiro , Uchiyama Yoshimi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we examined the role of bedrock groundwater discharge and recharge on the water balance and runoff characteristics in forested headwater catchments. Using rigorous observations of catchment precipitation, discharge and streamwater chemistry, we quantified net bedrock flow rates and contributions to streamwater runoff and the water balance in three forested catchments (second‐order to third‐order catchments) underlain by uniform bedrock in Japan. We found that annual rainfall in 2010 was 3130 mm. In the same period, annual discharge in the three catchments varied from 1800 to 3900 mm/year. Annual net bedrock flow rates estimated by the chloride mass balance method at each catchment ranged from −1600 to 700 mm/year. The net bedrock flow rates were substantially different in the second‐order and third‐order catchments. During baseflow, discharge from the three catchments was significantly different; conversely, peak flows during large storm events and direct runoff ratios were not significantly different. These results suggest that differences in baseflow discharge rates, which are affected by bedrock flow and intercatchment groundwater transfer, result in the differences in water balance among the catchments. This study also suggests that in these second‐order to third‐order catchments, the drainage area during baseflow varies because of differences between the bedrock drainage area and surface drainage area, but that the effective drainage area during storm flow approaches the surface drainage area. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CHASING WATER: DIVERGING FARMERS' STRATEGIES TO COPE WITH THE GROUNDWATER CRISIS IN THE COASTAL CHAOUIA REGION IN MOROCCO
Authors: Berahmani Adnane , Faysse Nicolas , Errahj Mostafa , Gafsi Mohamed 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIn many developing countries where agricultural groundwater use led to aquifer overexploitation, direct control over farmers' groundwater use is difficult to implement. This calls for the setting up, at least in the short term, of indirect policies, the efficiency of which will depend on farmers' strategies. The different strategies adopted by farmers to cope with the groundwater crisis are analysed in the Chaouia region in Morocco, where intensive agricultural groundwater use for the past 50 years has led to seawater intrusion in the seashore part and falling groundwater levels further inland. First, strategies may be based on ‘chasing’ groundwater, by deepening boreholes, bringing fresh water in sufficient quantity to the farms or renting fields in areas with sufficient fresh groundwater, so as to maintain a water‐intensive farming system. Second, strategies that may be designated as adaptive, entail adapting the farming system to the water available on‐farm given existing hydraulic infrastructures. These strategies may be considered as more sustainable with regard to water resources. Most of analysed strategies were not at the same time economically and environmentally sustainable. Possible policies to achieve economically and environmentally sustainable activities differ not only in the difficulty of implementing them, but also in the types of farms likely to benefit from them. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concurrent improvement in biocompatibility and bioinertness of diamond‐like carbon films with nitrogen doping
Authors: Liao Wen‐Hsiang , Lin Chii‐Ruey , Wei Da‐Hua , Shen You‐Ruey , Li Yi‐Chieh , Lee Jen‐Ai , Liang Chia‐Yao 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe surfaces of implantable biomaterials improving biocompatibility and bioinertness are critical for new application of bioimplantable devices. Diamond‐like carbon (DLC) film is a promising biomaterial with use for coating bioimplantable devices because of its good biocompatibility, bioinertness, and mechanical properties. In this study, concurrent improvement in biocompatibility and bioinertness of DLC films has been achieved using N‐incorporation technique. The N doping degree was found to play an important role in affecting the biocompatibility and bioinertness of N‐doped DLC films. The results indicated that the N‐doped DLC films deposited at N2 concentration of 5% could help to create suitable condition of surface/structure/adhesion combination of DLC films in the both affinity of the L929 mouse fibroblasts and electrochemical inertness in the Hank's balanced salt solutions (simulating human body fluids). N doping supports the attachment and proliferation of cells and prevents the permeation of electrolyte solutions, thereby simultaneity improved the biocompatibility and bioinertness of DLC films. This finding is useful for the fabrication and encapsulation of in vivo devices without induced immune response in the human body. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A:3151–3156, 2012.
Development of a chemically extracted acellular muscle scaffold seeded with amniotic epithelial cells to promote spinal cord repair
Authors: Xue Hui , Zhang Xiu‐Ying , Liu Jia‐Mei , Song Yu , Li Yi‐Fan , Chen Dong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBridging strategies are essential for spinal cord repair in order to provide a physical substrate allowing axons to grow across the site of spinal cord lesions. In this study, we have evaluated the therapeutic effects of adding amniotic epithelial cells to a unidirectionally oriented acellular muscle scaffold and have compared this with the effect of a scaffold alone. Chemically extracted acellular muscles, with or without amniotic epithelial cells, were implanted into the lateral hemisected adult rat thoracic spinal cord. Control rats were similarly injured. After 4 weeks, the acellular muscle scaffolds were found to be well integrated with the host tissue. The chemically extracted acellular muscle scaffold seeded with amniotic epithelial cells promoted axonal growth in a distinctly organized and linear fashion, induced sprouting of calcitonin gene‐related peptide positive axons, and was not associated with an astrocyte response. Compared with acellular muscle scaffolds alone, the addition of amniotic epithelial cells further promoted the remyelination of nerve fibers, sprouting of 5‐hydroxytryptamine nerve fibers, relays of cortical motor‐evoked potential and cortical somatosensory‐evoked potential, and functional recovery. All these data together suggest that co‐implantation of chemically extracted acellular muscle with amniotic epithelial cells may constitute a valuable approach to study and/or develop therapies for spinal cord injury. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A:145–156, 2013.
Biodegradable balloon‐expandable self‐locking polycaprolactone stents as buckling explants for the treatment of retinal detachment: An in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Peng Yi‐Jie , Lu Yu‐Ting , Liu Kuo‐Sheng , Liu Shih‐Jung , Fan Ling , Huang Wen‐Cheng 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this report was to develop biodegradable balloon‐expandable self‐locking poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) stents for the treatment of retinal detachment. To create the biodegradable stents, polycaprolactone components were first fabricated by a laboratory‐scale microinjection molding machine. The components were then assembled into mesh‐like stents of 6 and 8 mm in diameter. A special geometry of the components was designed to self‐lock the assembled stents after being expanded by balloons. Characterization of the biodegradable PCL stents was carried out. PCL stents exhibited comparable mechanical properties with that of silicone sponge. Neither significant amount of collapse pressure reduction nor weight loss of the stents was observed after being submerged in phosphate buffered saline for 30 days. In addition, the stents were also implanted in the episcleral space of 10 New Zealand white rabbits. The stents were placed in radial direction and left unsutured after balloon expansion. The stents achieved an efficient buckling effect in echographic and fundus photographic examinations. The ocular pressure was significantly elevated after stent implantation and gradually normalized after the second week. The computed tomography studies verified the hypothesis of minimal migration of the PCL stents. The in vivo result suggests that balloon‐expandable biodegradable stents can potentially serve as an ideal indenting biomaterial in retinal detachment surgery. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A:167–175, 2013.
High mineral affinity of polyphosphoester ionomer–phospholipid vesicles
Authors: Ikeuchi Ryota , Iwasaki Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBone‐specific drug delivery is important for the treatment of osteoporosis and osseous metastases. However, there have been limitations in the design of drug carriers having bone affinity. We synthesized amphiphilic polyphosphoester ionomers (CH‐PHE) and modified them to 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DOPC) vesicles. The ζ‐potential of the vesicles was decreased by immobilization of CH‐PHE; the amount was influenced by the structure and fraction of CH‐PHE. The release rate of 5‐carboxyfluorescein from the vesicles could be controlled by changing the fraction of DOPC and CH‐PHE. In particular, the release of CF from DOPC vesicles containing 3% CH‐PHE was most reduced. In addition, the enzymatic degradation of DOPC was reduced by immobilization with polyphosphoester ionomers; enzyme tolerance was increased with an increase in the molar fraction of polyphosphoester ionomers. Hemolytic activity of the phospholipid vesicles bearing CH‐PHE was infrequently observed and was similar to that of the DOPC vesicles. Although a decrease in the viability of mouse osteoblastic cells (MC3T3‐E1) in contact with the vesicles bearing CH‐PHE was observed when the DOPC concentration of the vesicles bearing 20 mol % CH‐PHE with highly ionized units was greater than 200 μM, the cytotoxicity was diminished by sodium salt formation of the CH‐PHE. The affinity of the vesicles to calcium deposits generated by MC3T3‐E1 cells was significantly improved by the immobilization polyphosphoesters. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Novel frameshift mutation in the p16/INK4A tumor suppressor gene in canine breast cancer alters expression from the p16/INK4A/p14ARF locus
Authors: Lutful Kabir Farruk M. , Agarwal Payal , DeInnocentes Patricia , Zaman Jishan , Bird Allison Church , Bird R. Curtis 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe INK4 family of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors (CKI) encode important cell cycle regulators that tightly control cell cycle during G1 to S phase. These related genes are considered tumor suppressors as loss of function contributes to the malignant phenotype. Expression of CKIs p16, p14ARF, or p15 were defective in six different canine mammary tumor (CMT) cell lines compared to normal thoracic canine fibroblasts. This suggests CKI defects are frequently responsible for neoplastic transformation in canine mammary carcinomas. p16 and p14ARF are two alternatively spliced products derived from the canine p16/INK4A/p14ARF gene locus. Despite omissions in the published p16 transcript and canine genome and the presence of GC‐rich repeats, we determined the complete coding sequence of canine p16 revealing a deletion and frameshift mutation in p16 exon 1α in CMT28 cells. In addition, we determined canine p14ARF mRNA and protein sequences. Mapping of these mutations uncovered important aspects of p16 and p14ARF expression and defects in CMT28 cells shifting the p16 reading frame into p14ARF making a fusion protein that was predicted to be truncated, unstable and devoid of structural and functional integrity. This data describes an important neoplastic mechanism in the p16/INK4A/p14ARF locus in a spontaneous canine model of breast cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 56–66, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thrombin induces slug‐mediated E‐cadherin transcriptional repression and the parallel Up‐regulation of N‐cadherin by a transcription‐independent mechanism in RPE cells
Authors: Palma‐Nicolás José Prisco , López‐Colomé Ana María 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe proliferation, directional migration to the vitreous and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of quiescent, differentiated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is a major feature in the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) following exposure of the immuno‐privileged eye niche to serum components, thrombin among them. We have previously documented thrombin induction of RPE cell proliferation and migration. We here analyzed the effect of thrombin on the E/N cadherin switch, a hallmark of EMT. Results show that thrombin induces the specific repression of epithelial E‐cadherin gene transcription, alongside with the up‐regulation of mesenchymal N‐cadherin protein in RPE cells. We demonstrate, for the first time, that thrombin induces E‐cadherin repression by stimulating snail‐2 (SLUG) transcription factor expression, and the concomitant up‐regulation of N‐cadherin through the transcription‐independent increase in protein translation promoted by PI3K/PKC‐ζ/mTOR signaling. Our present findings suggest that the activation of protease‐activated receptor‐1 (PAR‐1) by thrombin induces EMT of RPE cells, further supporting a central role for thrombin in PVR pathogenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 581–589, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non‐Critical Vertices and Long Circuits in Strong Tournaments of Order n and Diameter d
Authors: Savchenko S. V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLet T be a strong tournament of order with diameter . A vertex w in T is non‐critical if the subtournament is also strong. In the opposite case, it is a critical vertex. In the present article, we show that T has at most critical vertices. This fact and Moon's vertex‐pancyclic theorem imply that for , it contains at least circuits of length . We describe the class of all strong tournaments of order with diameter for which this lower bound is achieved and show that for , the minimum number of circuits of length in a tournament of this class is equal to . In turn, the minimum among all strong tournaments of order with diameter 2 grows exponentially with respect to n for any given . Finally, for , we select a strong tournament of order n with diameter d and conjecture that for any strong tournament T of order n whose diameter does not exceed d, the number of circuits of length ℓ in T is not less than that in for each possible ℓ. Moreover, if these two numbers are equal to each other for some given , where , then T is isomorphic to either or its converse . For , this conjecture was proved by Las Vergnas. In the present article, we confirm it for the case . In an Appendix, some problems concerning non‐critical vertices are considered for generalizations of tournaments.
What does “Getting to ZeroTM Through the Power of One” mean to you?
Authors: Hilliard Mary Anne 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHopefully by now you've heard the mantra and are now aware of ASHRM's initiative of “Getting to ZeroTM Through the Power of One.” But what does that mean to you? And how can you forward the message on to your colleagues and coworkers? It's as simple as looking at it this way: “Everyone is a risk manager.”