bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of adult‐sized kidneys in low‐weight pediatric recipients achieves short‐term outcomes comparable to size‐matched grafts
Authors: Goldsmith P. J. , Asthana S. , Fitzpatrick M. , Finlay E. , Attia M. S. , Menon K. V. , Pollard S. G. , Ridgway D. M. , Ahmad N. 
Published: September 2010

Goldsmith PJ, Asthana S, Fitzpatrick M, Finlay E, Attia MS, Menon KV, Pollard SG, Ridgway DM, Ahmad N. Transplantation of adult‐sized kidneys in low‐weight pediatric recipients achieves short‐term outcomes comparable to size‐matched grafts. Pediatr Transplantation 2010: 14:919–924. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Low‐weight pediatric recipients are disadvantaged by scarcity of size‐matched donors. ASK have been successfully used for pediatric recipients. We report the results of renal transplantation using ASK in low‐weight pediatric recipients and compare outcomes in weight‐matched and unmatched donor–recipient pairs. The outcomes of renal transplants using ASK grafts in low‐weight (<20 kg) recipients from a single center over a 10‐yr period were reviewed. Two groups, comprising recipients of grafts from weight‐matched and mismatched donors, were compared. Primary outcome was one‐yr graft survival. Secondary outcomes were one‐ and two‐yr calculated eGFR, changes in recipient body weight, perioperative cardiovascular stability, rates of AR and DGF. Twenty‐three low‐weight recipients were transplanted. Eleven received ASK grafts from high‐weight donors and 12 grafts from low‐weight donors. One patient in each group had early graft loss. No significant difference was observed in rates of DGF, AR, one‐yr graft or patient survival and perioperative cardiovascular parameters. ASK with considerable donor:recipient weight discrepancies can be safely transplanted into small pediatric recipients with comparable outcomes to grafts with less weight discrepancy.
Donor‐transmitted adenovirus infection causing kidney allograft nephritis and graft loss
Authors: Kozlowski T. , Nickeleit V. , Andreoni K. 
Published: September 2010

T. Kozlowski, V. Nickeleit, K. Andreoni. Donor‐transmitted adenovirus infection causing kidney allograft nephritis and graft loss. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 168–173. All rights reservedAbstract: Adenovirus (AdV) infection can occur early after transplantation, especially with potent immunosuppression for induction or acute rejection treatment. We present the largest case series of adult renal recipients from a single institution with AdV infection, and the first apparent case of transferred AdV infection from 1 deceased donor to 2 kidney recipients. Three patients received kidneys from 2 deceased donors: 2 from a 23‐year‐old donor, and the third from a 4‐year‐old donor. The recipients with the same donor both displayed early rejection. One who eventually lost his graft to AdV nephritis required treatment with plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin, rituximab, and anti‐thymocyte globulin for severe antibody‐mediated rejection. The second required only steroids for acute cellular rejection and has good renal function at 7 years. The third recipient was discovered to have AdV and microabscesess on renal biopsy and required nephrectomy. In the 2 cases of graft loss, we observed sudden deterioration of graft function with rising creatinine and subsequent necrosis resulting in nephrectomy within 40 days after transplantation. AdV was detected by polymerase chain reaction in urine or serum and/or renal tissue. AdV activation after potent immunosuppression can lead to systemic infection and may trigger rejection and/or early graft loss.
Effects of fibrinogen concentrate administration during severe hemorrhage
Authors: THORARINSDOTTIR H. R. , SIGURBJORNSSON F. TH. , HREINSSON K. , ONUNDARSON P. T. , GUDBJARTSSON T. , SIGURDSSON G. H. 
Published: September 2010

Background: Fibrinogen concentrate has been shown to improve coagulation in dilutional coagulopathy in experimental studies, but clinical experience is still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate laboratory data and the clinical outcome of fibrinogen administration in patients suffering from severe hemorrhage.Materials and methods: A retrospective study over a 3‐year observation period of consecutive patients who received a single dose of fibrinogen concentrate but not recombinant factor VIIa as part of their treatment of severe hemorrhage, defined as >6 U of packed red blood cells (PRBCs).Results: Thirty‐seven patients were included, most of them suffering from severe hemorrhage following open heart surgery (68%). After a median fibrinogen dose of 2 g (range 1–6 g), an absolute increase in the plasma fibrinogen concentration of 0.6 g/l was observed (P<0.001). The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) decreased significantly (P<0.001), from 52 to 43 s and the prothrombin time (PT) decreased from 20 to 17 s, respectively. The transfusion requirement for PRBCs decreased from 6 to 3 U (P<0.01) in the 24 h after fibrinogen administration, but fresh‐frozen plasma and platelet concentrate transfusions did not change significantly. Eight patients (22%) died in intensive care unit and the pre‐operative fibrinogen concentration was not significantly different in these patients.Conclusion: Administration of fibrinogen for severe hemorrhage was associated with an increased fibrinogen concentration and a significant decrease in APTT, PT and the requirement for PRBCs.
No effect of melatonin on oxidative stress after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: KÜCÜKAKIN B. , KLEIN M. , LYKKESFELDT J. , REITER R. J. , ROSENBERG J. , GÖGENUR I. 
Published: September 2010

Background: Melatonin, an endogenous circadian regulator, also has antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative effect of melatonin in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: Patients were randomized to receive 10 mg melatonin or placebo during surgery. Blood samples for analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (AA), total ascorbic acid (TAA) dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were collected pre‐operatively and at 5 min, 6 h and 24 h after operation.Results: Twenty patients received melatonin and 21 patients received placebo during surgery. No significant differences were observed between the groups in the oxidative stress variables MDA, TAA, AA and DHA or in the inflammatory variable CRP (repeated‐measures ANOVA, P>0.05 for all variables).Conclusions: Administration of 10 mg melatonin did not reduce variables of oxidative stress in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Fitness drivers in the threatened Dianthus guliae Janka (Caryophyllaceae): disentangling effects of growth context, maternal influence and inbreeding depression
Authors: Gargano D. , Gullo T. , Bernardo L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe studied inbreeding depression, growth context and maternal influence as constraints to fitness in the self‐compatible, protandrous Dianthus guliae Janka, a threatened Italian endemic. We performed hand‐pollinations to verify outcomes of self‐ and cross‐fertilisation over two generations, and grew inbred and outbred D. guliae offspring under different conditions – in pots, a common garden and field conditions (with/without nutrient addition). The environment influenced juvenile growth and flowering likelihood/rate, but had little effect on inbreeding depression. Significant interactions among genetic and environmental factors influenced female fertility. Overall, genetic factors strongly affected both early (seed mass, seed germination, early survival) and late (seed/ovule ratio) life‐history traits. After the first pollination experiment, we detected higher mortality in the selfed progeny, which is possibly a consequence of inbreeding depression caused by over‐expression of early‐acting deleterious alleles. The second pollination induced a strong loss of reproductive fitness (seed production, seed mass) in inbred D. guliae offspring, regardless of the pollination treatment (selfing/crossing); hence, a strong (genetic) maternal influence constrained early life‐history traits of the second generation. Based on current knowledge, we conclude that self‐compatibility does not prevent the detrimental effects of inbreeding in D. guliae populations, and may increase the severe extinction risk if out‐crossing rates decrease.
Inbreeding in genome‐wide selection
Authors: Daetwyler H.D. , Villanueva B. , Bijma P. , Woolliams J.A. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryTraditional selection methods, such as sib and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) selection, which increased genetic gain by increasing accuracy of evaluation have also led to an increased rate of inbreeding per generation (ΔFG). This is not necessarily the case with genome‐wide selection, which also increases genetic gain by increasing accuracy. This paper explains why genome‐wide selection reduces ΔFGwhen compared with sib and BLUP selection. Genome‐wide selection achieves high accuracies of estimated breeding values through better prediction of the Mendelian sampling term component of breeding values. This increases differentiation between sibs and reduces coselection of sibs and ΔFG. The high accuracy of genome‐wide selection is expected to reduce the between family variance and reweigh the emphasis of estimated breeding values of individuals towards the Mendelian sampling term. Moreover, estimation induced intraclass correlations of sibs are expected to be lower in genome‐wide selection leading to a further decrease of coselection of sibs when compared with BLUP. Genome‐wide prediction of breeding values, therefore, enables increased genetic gain while at the same time reducing ΔFGwhen compared with sib and BLUP selection.
D‐loop sequence mitochondrial DNA variability of Sarda goat and other goat breeds and populations reared in the Mediterranean area
Authors: Vacca G.M. , Daga C. , Pazzola M. , Carcangiu V. , Dettori M.L. , Cozzi M.C. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryTo provide useful knowledge on goat breed origin and history, we studied the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 69 goats from five different breeds, Camosciata delle Alpi, Maltese, Nubian, Saanen and Sarda, and one population, the Tunisian. All goats analysed displayed a moderate haplotype and nucleotide diversity. The highest was in the Sarda – the autochthonous breed reared in Sardinia. On the basis of mtDNA control region sequences, animals showed a high genetic haplotype diversity, 35 haplotypes were each represented by a single sequence and only a few haplotypes were shared among the animals. New haplotypes of goats reared in the Mediterranean area were identified and the majority of Italian goats belonged to haplogroup A. This result confirmed worldwide distribution and diversity of haplogroup A.
MICROVASCULAR PATTERNS OF ESOPHAGEAL MICRO SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA ON MAGNIFYING ENDOSCOPY
Authors: Arima Hideaki , Arima Miwako , Tada Tadahiro 
Published: September 2010

Background:  Recently, esophageal microcancers have been frequently diagnosed and are receiving increasing attention as initial findings of cancer. We examined whether the clinicopathological features and microvascular patterns of esophageal microcancers on magnifying endoscopy are useful for diagnosis.Methods:  Magnifying endoscopy was performed to examine the histopathological features of 55 esophageal cancers measuring ≤10 mm in diameter (34 small cancers, 16 microcancers, and five supermicrocancers).Results:  Although some lesions were detected only on iodine staining, most were detected on conventional endoscopic examination. Most small cancers and microcancers were m1 or m2; some were m3 or sm2. Supermicrocancers were dysplasia or m1 cancer. As for the microvascular pattern, most m1 and m2 cancers showed type 3 vessels, while most submucosal cancers showed type 4 vessels.Conclusions:  Microvascular patterns on magnifying endoscopy are useful for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant esophageal cancers and for estimating the depth of tumor invasion. The shape of small lesions is often altered considerably by biopsy. Residual tumor may persist unless the basal layer of the lesion is included in biopsy specimens, even in microcancers. Consequently, endoscopic mucosal resection, without biopsy, is being performed in increasing numbers of patients with lesions suspected to be cancer on the basis of their microvascular patterns.
TOTAL THYROIDECTOMY: THE TECHNIQUE OF CAPSULAR DISSECTION
Authors: Delbridge L. , Reeve T. S. , Khadra M. , Poole A. G. 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:This paper describes the technique of total thyroidectomy using capsular dissection. Total thyroidectomy is a safe straightforward anatomical procedure in which meticulous dissection can provide protection to the parathyroid glands and to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. This protection is achieved by using capsular dissection, hugging the gland and dividing the tertiary branches (i.e. the third order of division) of the vessels while dissecting the parathyroid glands with their vascular pedicles free from the thyroid surface, with minimal exposure of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and disturbance of its blood supply. Total thyroidectomy removes all visible thyroid tissue although it is permissible to leave a very small remnant of tissue (less than a fraction of a gram) in the region of the ligament of Berry in order to protect the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the blood supply to the parathyroid glands. This technique ensures that the incidence of complications, including permanent hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, is reduced to a minimum.
SPONTANEOUS RENAL ALLOGRAFT RUPTURE: A DISAPPEARING PHENOMENON IN THE CYCLOSPORINE ERA?
Authors: Robertson Amanda J. , Francis David M. A. , Millar Robert J. , Clunie Gordon J. A. , Walker Rowan G. 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:Spontaneous renal allograft rupture occurred in six patients in a series of 384 consecutive renal transplants performed between July 1983 and December 1990. All cases occurred in patients treated with Azathioprine and Prednisolone, and none occurred in patients immunosuppressed with Cyclosporine. Acute allograft rejection was the underlying cause of rupture. All patients underwent urgent operation and repair of the ruptured transplant. Four patients had good renal function 74–84 months after repair, while two returned to dialysis 3 and 65 months after repair because of irreversible rejection.
A BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR RE‐STENOSIS AFTER PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY: POSSIBLE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS
Authors: Tennant M. , McGeachie J. K. 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:Intravascular catheterization is a commonly used diagnostic tool and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is used to dilate stenosed blood vessels. Although these techniques are very successful diagnostically and therapeutically they may precipitate a number of acute and chronic complications. Chronic intimal changes following balloon angioplasty can result in re‐stenosis. Intimal hyperplasia can be a long‐term complication of both diagnostic and interventional vascular catheterization. This article details these long‐term structural changes, specifically relating experimental in vivo and in vitro changes to those seen clinically.
ANTIBODY RESPONSES FOLLOWING SPLENECTOMY: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TIMING OF PROPHYLACTIC VACCINATION
Authors: Clayer M. T. R. , Drew P. A. , Jamieson G. G. 
Published: September 2010

Book reviews in this article:Antibody responses are reduced both in the short‐ and long‐term after splenectomy. It is not known if this reduction is more profound in the immediate postoperative period compared to later, and consequently, whether there would be an advantage in delaying prophylactic vaccination to ensure a greater antibody response. To investigate this, the effect of splenectomy on the primary and secondary antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) injected into the peritoneum (IP) of adult male Porton rats was measured after either splenectomy (Spx), sham splenectomy (Sham), anaesthesia only (Ans) or no procedure at all (Con).There was no difference in the titres of antibody between the Con and the Ans rats. There was no difference in the titres of antibody between the Sham and Spx rats, but both had significantly lower titres than the Con rats.In a separate experiment, rats were immunized 1 month or I year after splenectomy or sham‐splenectomy. One month after the operation the antibody response of the Sham rats had increased and did not differ from that of Con rats, but in rats which had been splenectomized there was a long‐term suppression of the antibody response, which did not improve for at least one year. The results suggest that, in patients requiring splenectomy for trauma and not able to be vaccinated before operation, there may be no advantage in delaying prophylactic vaccination postoperatively.
Spatial scaling of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity is affected by farming practice
Authors: van der Gast Christopher J. , Gosling Paul , Tiwari Bela , Bending Gary D. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryEvidence suggests that microbial communities show patterns of spatial scaling which can be driven by geographical distance and environmental heterogeneity. Here we demonstrate that human management can have a major impact on microbial distribution patterns at both the local and landscape scale. Mycorrhizal fungi are vital components of terrestrial ecosystems, forming a mutualistic symbiosis with plant roots which has a major impact on above ground ecology and productivity. We used contrasting agricultural systems to investigate the spatial scaling of the most widespread mycorrhizal fungus group, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Using multiple sampling sites with a maximum separation of 250 km we describe for the first time the roles which land management, environmental heterogeneity and geographical distance play in determining spatial patterns of microbial distribution. Analysis of AMF taxa–area relationships at each sampling site revealed that AMF diversity and spatial turnover was greater under organic relative to conventional farm management. At the regional scale (250 km) distance–decay analyses showed that there was significant change in AMF community composition with distance, and that this was greater under organic relative to conventional management. Environmental heterogeneity was found to be the major factor determining turnover of AMF taxa at the landscape scale. Overall we demonstrate that human management can play a key role in determining the turnover of microbial communities at both the local and regional scales.
The chinchilla eye: morphologic observations, echobiometric findings and reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests
Authors: Lima Leandro , Montiani‐Ferreira Fabaino , Tramontin Mariana , Leigue dos Santos Lucianne , Machado Marcello , Ribas Lange Rogério , Helena Abil Russ Heloisa 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose To carry out a descriptive investigation into the most relevant morphological features of the chinchilla eye and bony orbit, as well as to perform selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests with the aim of establishing normal anatomic and physiologic references for this species.Method A total of 57 healthy, chinchillas were used to test most of the parameters in this investigation. Besides morphologic observations of the globe and adnexa, selected ocular tests and parameters were investigated, including blink frequency, palpebral fissure length (PFL), Schirmer tear test (STT), esthesiometry, intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), B‐mode echobiometric measurements of the globe and culture of the normal conjunctival bacterial microbiota. Morphologic observations were made using six formalin‐fixed globes and four macerated skulls.Results and Discussion Normal parameters found for selected ocular diagnostic tests were: blink frequency: 2.6 ± 0.84 blinks per 10 min; STT: 1.07 ± 0.54 mm; esthesiometry: 1.24 ± 0.46 cm; IOP: 17.71 ± 4.17 mmHg; CCT: 0.34 ± 0.03 mm; PFL: 1.44 ± 0.11 cm; anterior chamber depth: 2.01 ± 0.2 mm; axial lens thickness: 5.49 ± 0.43 mm; vitreous chamber depth (internal): 3.69 ± 0.52 mm; axial globe length: 1.14 ± 0.07 cm. The most frequent bacteria isolated from the conjunctiva wereStreptococcussp. (27.45%),Staphylococcus aureus(23.52%) and coagulase‐negativeStaphylococcus(19.60%). No statistically significant differences between left or right eyes or genders were found for any of the results. Reference data and morphologic observations obtained in this investigation will help veterinary ophthalmologists to recognize unique morphological features and more accurately diagnose ocular diseases in the chinchilla, an animal already being used as a biological model for ophthalmic studies.
CASE REPORT: Intraocular osteosarcoma in an Umbrella Cockatoo (Cacatua alba)
Authors: Fordham Margaret , Rosenthal Karen , Durham Amy , Duda Lili , Komáromy András M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn adult, presumed intact female Umbrella Cockatoo (Cacatua alba), presented with acute hemorrhage from an intraocular mass that perforated through the right cornea. Computed tomography scanning revealed a large soft tissue mass in the right orbit, invading and displacing the globe laterally, and destroying the scleral ossicles. There was no evidence of bony changes of the orbit or extension of the mass into the optic nerve or brain. Exenteration and mass removal were performed, and osteosarcoma was diagnosed via histopathology. Radiotherapy was delivered with an orthovoltage unit to a total dose of 68 Gray delivered in 17 fractions over 6 weeks. The bird recovered well from treatment, but died 2 months after the last radiation session with neurological signs. Necropsy was not performed. To our knowledge, this is the first case of an intraocular osteosarcoma reported in a bird, and the first case of attempted treatment of osteosarcoma in a bird by a combination of surgery and radiation therapy.
Reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests and clinical characteristics of chinchilla eyes (Chinchilla lanigera)
Authors: Müller Kerstin , Mauler Daniela Alice , Eule Johanna Corinna 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective To establish reference values for the Schirmer tear test I (STT I), the phenol red thread tear test (PRTT), the intraocular pressure (IOP) with rebound tonometry, to determine the corneal sensitivity for healthy chinchillas, and to describe clinical aspects of normal chinchilla eyes.Animals One hundred and twenty‐two eyes of 61 healthy pet chinchillas of different age and gender were investigated.Procedures A full ophthalmic exam including slit lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, measurement of STT I, PRTT, determination of the corneal touch threshold (CTT), and the measurement of the IOP (TonoVet®) was performed. The normal appearance of the lid, the iris, the lens, the fundus, and the optic nerve disc was evaluated.Results The results of the STT I were very low and not reliable, and the measurement was discontinued. The median value of PRTT was 14.0 mm wetting/15 s (mean 14.6 ± 3.5 mm wetting/15 s). The median CTT was 32.5 mm (mean 31.2 ± 7.0 mm) respectively 1.2 g/mm2(mean 1.5 ± 0.9 g/mm2). The median IOP was 3.0 mmHg (mean 2.9 ± 1.8 mmHg). The predominating iris color was brown. The fundus pigmentation varied. Few lens alteration were seen in otherwise healthy chinchilla eyes. Most chinchillas had myelinated discs. Optic nerve cupping was present in 62% of the animals.Conclusion Because of the small amount of tears, the PRT test is recommended for tear measurements in chinchillas. The IOP in chinchillas seems to be quiet is low in comparison to other rodents.