bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal analysis of natural convection in rectangular porous fin wetted with CNTs nanoparticles and thermal radiation
Authors: Thimlapura Nagaraju Tanuja , Linganna Kavitha , Varma Sibyala Vijaykumar , Channaiah Somashekar , Kumar Ravikumar Shashikala Varun , Khan Umair , Muhammad Taseer , Abdou Mohammed Modather Mohammed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the present investigation, the phenomenon of heat conduction in rectangular shaped porous fin wetted with nanofluid (a mixture of carbon nanotube [CNT] with water as base liquid) is examined using the local thermal non‐equilibrium (LTNE) paradigm. The heat transport mechanism involving the nanofluid and solid phases is represented by the dimensional thermal governing ordinary differential equations (TGODEs). These equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using relevant non‐dimensional variables. To solve the resultant dimensionless TGODEs, probabilists collocation method with Hermite polynomials (PCMHPs) is utilized. This study of temperature analysis has examined the characteristics of internal and exterior radiation, convection, and thermal conductivity to determine the attributes affecting heat transfer. For both the nanofluid and solid phase aspects, temperature distribution characteristics are revealed in tables and graphs. Subsequently, it is determined that as surface‐ambient radiation parameter levels decreased, the temperature profile of both solid and nanofluid phase augmented. The temperature variance among the solid and nanofluid phases decreased with an escalation in the wet porous parameter. The numerical outcomes illustrate that the presented PCMHP approach is not only convenient to execute but also provides accurate results.
Introduction
Authors: Ghaly Mohammed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis introductory chapter situates the study within the broader context of the genomic revolution catalyzed by the Human Genome Project (HGP). It examines the HGP’s profound impact across three pivotal dimensions: its contribution to biomedical sciences by elucidating the human genotype, its facilitation of precision and personalized medicine through extensive genome mapping, and its intersection with ethical inquiries surrounding human nature and morality. The chapter then explores the allure of genomics within the Muslim world, spurred by scientific enthusiasm, the necessity for inclusivity in precision medicine, and the interest in reviving the Islamic civilization’s golden age of science. However, it highlights a glaring gap: while Islamic ethical deliberations initially focused on the permissibility of participating in the genomic revolution, practical “how” questions arising from the establishment of national genome projects and biobanks in Muslim-majority countries since 2013 have largely remained unaddressed, particularly regarding the ethical management of incidental findings (IFs). The chapter outlines the study’s aim to bridge this gap by constructing a comprehensive Islamic ethical framework for managing IFs, thereby contributing to both secular and Islamic bioethical discourses. It advocates for critical engagement between these discourses, rejecting oversimplified stereotypes and dogmatism, and promoting intercultural dialogue. Furthermore, the chapter delineates the study’s structure, comprising two main chapters: the first focuses on constructing a robust moral framework grounded in Islamic metaethics and normative ethics, while the second delves into the ethical evaluation of disclosing various categories of IFs. Appendices include a systematic overview of ethical judgments on IFs and a draft national policy document on Islamic ethics and genomics commissioned by the Qatar Ministry of Public Health, underscoring the study’s relevance to healthcare policymaking in Muslim-majority countries.
A worldsheet description of flux compactifications
Authors: Cho Minjae , Kim Manki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate how recent developments in string field theory provide a framework to systematically study type II flux compactifications with non-trivial Ramond-Ramond profiles. We present an explicit example where physical observables can be computed order by order in a small parameter which can be effectively viewed as string coupling constant. We obtain the corresponding background solution of the string field equations of motions up to the second order in the expansion. Along the way, we show how the tadpole cancellations of the string field equations lead to the minimization of the F-term potential of the low energy supergravity description. String field action expanded around the obtained background solution furnishes a “worldsheet” description of the flux compactifications.
Interplay between Higgs inflation and dark matter models with dark U(1) gauge symmetry
Authors: Khan Sarif , Kim Jinsu , Ko Pyungwon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We investigate dark matter phenomenology and Higgs inflation in a dark U(1)D-extended model. The model features two dark matter candidates, a dark fermion and a dark vector boson. When the fermion dark matter ψ is heavier than the vector dark matter WD, there is an ample parameter space where ψ is dominant over WD. The model can then easily evade the stringent bounds from direct detection experiments, since ψ has no direct coupling to the Standard Model particles. Furthermore, the model can accommodate inflation in three different ways, one along the Standard Model Higgs direction, one along the dark Higgs direction, and one along the combination of the two. Considering the running of the parameters and various observational constraints, we perform a detailed numerical analysis and identify allowed parameter spaces that explain both dark matter and Higgs inflation in a unified manner. We discuss in detail how the imposition of Higgs inflation severely constrains the dark matter parameter space. The existence of the dark Higgs field is found to play a crucial role both in dark matter phenomenology and in generalised Higgs inflation.
Neutrinoless double beta decay in multiple isotopes for fingerprints identification of operators and models
Authors: Chen Shao-Long , Xiao Yu-Qi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay is the most promising way to determine whether neutrinos are Majorana particles. There are many experiments based on different isotopes searching for 0νββ decay. Combining the searches of 0νββ decay in multiple isotopes provides a possible method to distinguish operators and different models. The contributions to 0νββ decay come from standard, long-range, and short-range mechanisms. We analyze the scenario in which the standard and short-range operators exist simultaneously within the framework of low-energy effective field theory. Five specific models are considered, which can realize neutrino mass and can contribute to 0νββ decay via multiple mechanisms. A criterion to evaluate the possibilities of future experiments to discriminate operators and models is built. We find that the complementary searches for 0νββ decay in different isotopes can distinguish the cases that contain the low-energy effective operators $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{1,2,5} $$

O

1
,
2
,
5

and R-parity violating supersymmetry model. For other cases and models, the experimental searches within multiple isotopes can also more effectively constrain the parameter region than with only one isotope.
A novel proton decay signature at DUNE, JUNO, and Hyper-K
Authors: Domingo Florian , Dreiner Herbi K. , Köhler Dominik , Nangia Saurabh , Shah Apoorva 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Proton decay, although unobserved so far, is a natural expectation when attempting to explain the baryon asymmetry of the universe. $$ p\to {K}^{+}\overline{\nu} $$
p
→

K
+

ν
¯

or $$ p\to {K}^{+}{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$
p
→

K
+

χ
~

1
0

, with $$ {\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$

χ
~

1
0

a light exotic neutral particle, represent possible decay channels achievable in models of physics beyond the Standard Model, such as the MSSM with trilinear R-parity-violating terms, or the Standard Model extended by a heavy neutral lepton. Among the decay products of these modes, the neutral fermions would typically appear as missing energy in collider searches. The present study considers how such decay modes could be differentiated in experimental settings, as the exotic $$ {\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$

χ
~

1
0

may further decay if it is not protected by a symmetry (such as R-parity in the MSSM). We assess the detection prospects of the proposed experiments DUNE, JUNO and Hyper-K in this context.
Exponential Almost-Riordan Arrays
Authors: Alp Yasemin , Kocer E. Gokcen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe group of the almost-Riordan arrays with exponential generating functions is defined. The subgroups of the exponential almost-Riordan group are presented. Also, some isomorphisms between the exponential almost-Riordan group and the exponential Riordan group are considered. Then, the production matrix for the exponential almost-Riordan array is obtained.
Less for more? Cuts to child benefits, family adjustments, and long-run child outcomes in larger families
Authors: Mari Gabriele 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have examined how cash transfers affect children’s education and health regardless of sibship size. I examine the long-run consequences of a Dutch reform that gradually curtailed child-benefit payments for larger families. Based on administrative data and a regression discontinuity design, I find little evidence of average reform effects on children’s education and mental health. However, children in less well-off households exposed to the reform experience long-lasting educational penalties. Analyses of survey and admin data suggest that, if not for the reform, households would have relied more on centre-based care as opposed to maternal care. Lower parental investments in child-related goods and a more stressful environment accompanied heightened poverty risks after the reform.
Commodity markets and the global macroeconomy: evidence from machine learning and GVAR
Authors: Boakye Ernest Owusu , Heimonen Kari , Junttila Juha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBased on a strongly data-intensive machine learning approach, this study first identifies the most essential globally traded commodities in view of their role for the global macroeconomic performance. At the second stage we estimate a global vector autoregressive model to assess in more detail these global reactions. Our results from the first stage indicate that of the 55 analyzed commodity markets, only four are revealed as the most important. At the second step, our GVAR analysis indicates that the commodity market effects on macroeconomic activity are neither unanimous across the commodities nor across macrovariables. As an overall result, the commodity market exposure is clearly stronger among the advanced countries such as the euro area, other developed economies, and China, compared to the emerging economies of Africa, Asia, and Latin America, at both the country and regional levels. This puts a lot of pressure on economic policies aimed at reducing, e.g., the depriving effects of commodity market price development on aggregate economic performance of these countries.
An inquiry into the drivers of an entrepreneurial economy: A Bayesian clustering approach
Authors: Camacho Maximo , Congregado Emilio , Rodriguez-Santiago Ana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Understanding the worldwide drivers of qualified entrepreneurship is a key issue in economic policy design. To help policy decisions exert their intended impact, we aim to cluster a wide range of countries on the basis of their levels and trends in self-employment productivity using a finite mixture model applied to a new large dataset of 121 countries covering the period of 1991–2019. Our results point to three groups of high-, medium-, and low-productive means and tendencies, the geographical distribution of which suggests that they can be reinterpreted using the three stages of economic development, namely, innovation-, efficiency-, and factor-driven economies. Notably, we find that widespread digitalization and low unemployment enhance the probability of transitioning into a highly productive cluster. However, we failed to find that industry weight or employment protection legislation strictness serve as determinants in the transition between groups. Suggestive rationales for these results and implications for the entrepreneurship policy agenda are also provided.
New evidence for the sensorimotor mismatch theory of weight perception and the size-weight illusion
Authors: Harris Jarrod W. C. , Saccone Elizabeth J. , Chong Rebecca , Buckingham Gavin , Murphy Melanie J. , Chouinard Philippe A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe size-weight illusion is a phenomenon where a smaller object is perceived heavier than an equally weighted larger object. The sensorimotor mismatch theory proposed that this illusion occurs because of a mismatch between efferent motor commands and afferent sensory feedback received when lifting large and small objects (i.e., the application of too little and too much lifting force, respectively). This explanation has been undermined by studies demonstrating a separation between the perceived weight of objects and the lifting forces that are applied on them. However, this research suffers from inconsistencies in the choice of lifting force measures reported. Therefore, we examined the contribution of sensorimotor mismatch in the perception of weight in the size-weight illusion and in non-size-weight illusion stimuli and evaluated the use of a lifting force aggregate measure comprising the four most common lifting force measures used in previous research. In doing so, the sensorimotor mismatch theory was mostly supported. In a size-weight illusion experiment, the lifting forces correlated with weight perception and, contrary to some earlier research, did not adapt over time. In a non-size-weight illusion experiment, switches between lifting light and heavy objects resulted in perceiving the weight of these objects differently compared to no switch trials, which mirrored differences in the manner participants applied forces on the objects. Additionally, we reveal that our force aggregate measure can allow for a more sensitive and objective examination of the effects of lifting forces on objects.
Electrical conductivity of siderite and the effect of the spin transition of iron
Authors: Mashino Izumi , Yoshino Takashi , Mitsui Takaya , Fujiwara Kosuke , Garai Máté , Yamashita Shigeru 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe have conducted electrical conductivity measurements of FeCO3 siderite under high pressure up to 63 GPa in order to understand the nature and effect of iron spin transition and its influence on the geophysical properties of siderite, which is an end-member of major carbonate minerals. The results from Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements show that the high- to low-spin transition of iron occurs at around 50 GPa in agreement with previous studies. A sharp decrease of the electrical conductivity was also observed at around 50 GP, which is associated with the spin transition in iron. Although the stability of FeCO3 siderite may be limited under high-temperature conditions along with the mantle geotherm, solid solutions in the MgCO3-FeCO3 system, Mg1-xFexCO3, could be stable up to the pressure-temperature condition of the lowermost mantle. The pressure-temperature range of the spin transition in Mg1-xFexCO3 is narrower than those of the major lower mantle minerals, ferropericlase and bridgmanite, and thus the drop of the electrical conductivity induced by the spin transition could be clearer under lower mantle conditions. Therefore, the existence of Mg1-xFexCO3 may affect the observed heterogeneity of electrical conductivity in the mid-lower mantle.
MANet: Mixed Attention Network for Visual Explanation
Authors: Bai Jingjing , Kawahara Yoshinobu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVarious visual explanation methods, such as CAM and Grad-CAM, have been proposed to visualize and interpret predictions made by CNNs. Recent efforts go beyond mere visual interpretability, aiming to enhance CNN performance through the utilization of these generated visual explanations. In this work, we propose MANet (Mixed Attention Network)—a network architecture that advances the stability of visual explanations through an adaptive feature refinement mechanism via a mixed attention module. Concurrently, the generated attention maps are harnessed to bolster network performance in image recognition tasks. Experimental findings underscore the efficacy of MANet, demonstrating improved visual stability and consistency. The proposed architecture not only surpasses baseline models in image classification and object detection tasks but also establishes a novel paradigm for synergizing visual interpretability and network performance enhancement.
Penile-scrotal erythrodysesthesia among rectal cancer patients receiving fluoropyrimidine-based chemoradiation: a case report series
Authors: Adames Angela , O’Brien Diana Roth , Kelly Alison R. , Saltz Leonard B. , Garcia-Aguilar Julio , Zinovoy Melissa , Williams Vonetta , Wu Abraham , Reyngold Marsha , Hajj Carla , Crane Christopher , Cercek Andrea , Smith J. Joshua , Markova Alina , Cuaron John , McCann Patrick , Romesser Paul B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) is a slowly developing cutaneous reaction commonly experienced by patients treated with fluoropyrimidines. While erythrodysesthesia normally presents in a palmar-plantar distribution, it can also present with genital involvement, but this presentation is likely underreported and incorrectly attributed to an acute reaction from radiation therapy. This article aims to define erythrodysesthesia of the penis and scrotum as a rare but significant side effect of capecitabine.

Case presentation
We identified five cases of moderate to severe penis and scrotal erythrodysesthesia over a 2-year period at a large tertiary cancer center, representing an estimated incidence of 3.6% among male patients with rectal cancer who were treated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemoradiation within our institution.

Conclusions
Improved understanding of erythrodysesthesia involving the penis and scrotum can facilitate early identification and treatment of symptoms, and possibly prevent the discontinuation or delay of cancer treatment in patients treated with capecitabine and similar drugs. These clinical advances would improve and prolong patient quality of life during cancer treatment and prevent complications that result in hospitalization.
Risk factors for pulmonary complications after colorectal cancer surgery: a Japanese multicenter study
Authors: Tominaga Tetsuro , Nonaka Takashi , Takamura Yuma , Oishi Kaido , Hashimoto Shintaro , Shiraishi Toshio , Noda Keisuke , Ono Rika , Ishii Mitsutoshi , Hisanaga Makoto , Takeshita Hiroaki , Fukuoka Hidetoshi , Oyama Shosaburo , Ishimaru Kazuhide , Kunizaki Masaki , Sawai Terumitsu , Matsumoto Keitaro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Pulmonary complications (PC) are a serious condition with a 20% mortality rate. However, few reports have examined risk factors for PC after colorectal surgery. This study investigated the frequency, characteristics, and risk factors for PC after colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods
Between January 2016 and December 2022, we retrospectively reviewed 3979 consecutive patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery in seven participating hospitals. Patients were divided into patients who experienced PC (PC group, n = 54) and patients who did not (non-PC group, n = 3925). Clinical and pathological features were compared between groups.

Results
Fifty-four patients (1.5%) developed PC, of whom 2 patients (3.7%) died due to PC. Age was greater (80 years vs 71 years; p < 0.001), frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary distress was greater (9.3% vs 3.2%; p = 0.029), performance status was poorer (p < 0.001), the proportion of underweight was higher (42.6% vs 13.4%, p < 0.001), frequency of open surgery was greater (24.1% vs 9.3%; p < 0.001), and blood loss was greater (40 mL vs 22 mL; p < 0.001) in the PC group. Multivariate analysis revealed male sex (odds ratio (OR) 2.165, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.176–3.986; p = 0.013), greater age (OR 3.180, 95%CI 1.798–5.624; p < 0.001), underweight (OR 3.961, 95%CI 2.210–7.100; p < 0.001), and poorer ASA-PS (OR 3.828, 95%CI 2.144–6.834; p < 0.001) as independent predictors of PC.

Conclusion
Our study revealed male sex, greater age, underweight, and poorer ASA-PS as factors associated with development of PC, and suggested that pre- and postoperative rehabilitation and pneumonia control measures should be implemented for patients at high risk of PC.
CAR-T-Zell-Therapie in der Rheumatologie – Was wissen wir bisher?
Authors: Hagen Melanie , Wirsching Andreas , Bohr Daniela , Taubmann Jule , Müller Fabian , Mackensen Andreas , Grieshaber-Bouyer Ricardo , Schett Georg 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungAutoreaktive B‑Zellen spielen eine Schlüsselrolle in der Pathogenese von Autoimmunerkrankungen, wie dem systemischen Lupus erythematodes (SLE). Daher kommt einer effizienten Depletion von B‑Zellen bei Autoimmunerkrankungen eine besondere Rolle zu, insbesondere dann, wenn es sich um schwere Verlaufsformen der Erkrankung handelt. Die Therapie mit chimären Antigenrezeptor(CAR)-T-Zellen, ursprünglich für die Behandlung von B‑Zell-Lymphomen und Leukämien entwickelt, bietet die Möglichkeit, B‑Zellen auch in tieferen Geweben zu depletieren. Erste Ergebnisse von Fallserien mit diesem Verfahren bei SLE, Myositiden und systemischer Sklerose sind sehr positiv. Diese Übersichtsarbeit gibt einen Überblick über Ablauf, Wirkmechanismus, bisherige Ergebnisse sowie die Forschungsagenda der CAR-T-Zell-Therapie bei Autoimmunerkrankungen.
Surgical decision-making in superior canal dehiscence syndrome with concomitant otosclerosis
Authors: Van Dijk S. W. , Peters J. P. M. , Stokroos R. J. , Thomeer H. G. X. M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
The diagnosis and management of Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome (SCDS) with concomitant otosclerosis can be a challenge. Otosclerosis can mask SCDS symptoms and stapes surgery may reveal or exacerbate vestibular symptoms. Our aim is to present four cases of SCDS with concomitant otosclerosis and thereby informing the reader about the possibility of this dual occurrence and its implications for treatment.

Cases
Four patients with SCDS and concomitant otosclerosis are presented. Two patients underwent surgical treatment for both SCDS and otosclerosis and two patients opted for conservative management.

Outcomes
The main differences between surgically and non-surgically treated cases are the presence of autophony and pressure-induced vertigo and a more severe experience of symptoms in surgically treated cases. Surgically treated cases achieved a sizeable reduction in postoperative air–bone gap and resolution of vestibular symptoms.

Conclusion
The subjective severity of symptoms in combination with shared decision-making is key in determining the appropriate treatment plan for SCDS and concomitant otosclerosis.