bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the chondral modeling theory using fe‐simulation and numeric shape optimization
Authors: Plochocki Jeffrey H. , Ward Carol V. , Smith Douglas E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe chondral modeling theory proposes that hydrostatic pressure within articular cartilage regulates joint size, shape, and congruence through regional variations in rates of tissue proliferation. The purpose of this study is to develop a computational model using a nonlinear two‐dimensional finite element analysis in conjunction with numeric shape optimization to evaluate the chondral modeling theory. The model employed in this analysis is generated from an MR image of the medial portion of the tibiofemoral joint in a subadult male. Stress‐regulated morphological changes are simulated until skeletal maturity and evaluated against the chondral modeling theory. The computed results are found to support the chondral modeling theory. The shape‐optimized model exhibits increased joint congruence, broader stress distributions in articular cartilage, and a relative decrease in joint diameter. The results for the computational model correspond well with experimental data and provide valuable insights into the mechanical determinants of joint growth. The model also provides a crucial first step toward developing a comprehensive model that can be employed to test the influence of mechanical variables on joint conformation.
Coexistence of adrenergic and cholinergic nerves in the inferior hypogastric plexus: anatomical and immunohistochemical study with 3D reconstruction in human male fetus
Authors: Alsaid Bayan , Bessede Thomas , Karam Ibrahim , Abd‐Alsamad Issam , Uhl Jean‐Francois , Benoît Gérard , Droupy Stéphane , Delmas Vincent 
Published: April 2009

AbstractClassic anatomical methods have failed to determine the precise location, origin and nature of nerve fibres in the inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP). The purpose of this study was to identify the location and nature (adrenergic and/or cholinergic) of IHP nerve fibres and to provide a three‐dimensional (3D) representation of pelvic nerves and their relationship to other anatomical structures. Serial transverse sections of the pelvic portion of two human male fetuses (16 and 17 weeks’ gestation) were studied histologically and immunohistochemically, digitized and reconstructed three‐dimensionally. 3D reconstruction allowed a ‘computer‐assisted dissection’, identifying the precise location and distribution of the pelvic nerve elements. Proximal (supra‐levator) and distal (infra‐levator) communications between the pudendal nerve and IHP were observed. By determining the nature of the nerve fibres using immunostaining, we were able to demonstrate that the hypogastric nerves and pelvic splanchnic nerves, which are classically considered purely sympathetic and parasympathetic, respectively, contain both adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibres. The pelvic autonomic nervous system is more complex than previously thought, as adrenergic and cholinergic fibres were found to co‐exist in both ‘sympathetic’ and ‘parasympathetic’ nerves. This study is the first step to a 3D cartography of neurotransmitter distribution which could help in the selection of molecules to be used in the treatment of incontinence, erectile dysfunction and ejaculatory disorders.
Copper homeostasis
Authors: Burkhead Jason L. , Gogolin Reynolds Kathryn A. , Abdel‐Ghany Salah E. , Cohu Christopher M. , Pilon Marinus 
Published: April 2009

SummaryCopper (Cu) is a cofactor in proteins that are involved in electron transfer reactions and is an essential micronutrient for plants. Copper delivery is accomplished by the concerted action of a set of evolutionarily conserved transporters and metallochaperones. As a result of regulation of transporters in the root and the rarity of natural soils with high Cu levels, very few plants in nature will experience Cu in toxic excess in their tissues. However, low Cu bioavailability can limit plant productivity and plants have an interesting response to impending Cu deficiency, which is regulated by an evolutionarily conserved master switch. When Cu supply is insufficient, systems to increase uptake are activated and the available Cu is utilized with economy. A number of Cu‐regulated small RNA molecules, the Cu‐microRNAs, are used to downregulate Cu proteins that are seemingly not essential. On low Cu, the Cu‐microRNAs are upregulated by the master Cu‐responsive transcription factor SPL7, which also activates expression of genes involved in Cu assimilation. This regulation allows the most important proteins, which are required for photo‐autotrophic growth, to remain active over a wide range of Cu concentrations and this should broaden the range where plants can thrive.

Contents

Summary
799

I.
Introduction
800

II.
The origins of Cu homeostasis
800

III.
Copper homeostasis in unicellular photosynthetic model organisms
801

IV.
Functions of Cu in plants
802

V.
Typical levels of Cu in plants, deficiency and toxicity
802

VI.
Copper abundance in soils and appropriate Cu concentrations in media
804

VII.
Uptake in the root and distribution to aerial tissues
804

VIII.
Uptake in the shoot symplast, redistribution of Cu during flowering, seed set and senescence
806

IX.
Cu delivery inside the cell
806

X.
Regulation of Cu homeostasis
809

XI.
Conclusions and outlook
811

Acknowledgements
811

References
811
Iron supplement in pregnancy and development of gestational diabetes—a randomised placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Chan KKL , Chan BCP , Lam KF , Tam S , Lao TT 
Published: April 2009

Objective  To test the hypothesis that iron supplement from early pregnancy would increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Design  Randomised placebo‐controlled trial.Setting  A university teaching hospital in Hong Kong.Population  One thousand one hundred sixty‐four women with singleton pregnancy at less than 16 weeks of gestation with haemoglobin (Hb) level between 8 and 14 g/dl and no pre‐existing diabetes or haemoglobinopathies.Methods  Women were randomly allocated to receive 60 mg of iron supplement daily (n= 565) or placebo (n= 599). Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed at 28 and 36 weeks. Women were followed up until delivery.Outcome measures  The primary outcome was development of GDM at 28 weeks. The secondary outcomes were 2‐hour post‐OGTT glucose levels, development of GDM at 36 weeks and delivery and infant outcomes.Results  There was no significant difference in the incidence of GDM in the iron supplement and placebo groups at 28 weeks (OR: 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.7–1.53 at 90% power) or 36 weeks. Maternal Hb and ferritin levels were higher in the iron supplement group at delivery (P < 0.001 and P= 0.003, respectively). Elective caesarean section rate was lower in the iron supplement group (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.37–0.89). Infant birthweight was heavier (P= 0.001), and there were fewer small‐for‐gestational‐age babies in the iron supplement group (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.24–0.85).Conclusion  Iron supplement from early pregnancy does not increase the risk of GDM. It may have benefits in terms of pregnancy outcomes.
Diagnosis of fetal parvovirus B19 infection: value of virological assays in fetal specimens
Authors: Bonvicini F , Manaresi E , Gallinella G , Gentilomi GA , Musiani M , Zerbini M 
Published: April 2009

Objective  The purpose of our work was to examine the most reliable laboratory diagnosis of fetal parvovirus B19 infection in hydropic fetuses by evaluating the most appropriate clinical sample and laboratory test.Design  B19 DNA detection in fetal samples and serological signs of B19 infection in the respective mothers. Samples collected between January 2000 and July 2008.Setting  Microbiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.Samples One hundred thirty‐five fetal samples (58 fetal cord blood and 77 amniotic fluid samples) and 109 serum samples collected from 109 pregnant women.Methods  Validated and certified in situ hybridisation assay (ISH) and polymerase chain reaction–enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (PCR‐ELISA) were performed on fetal samples to detect B19 DNA. B19‐specific antibodies were investigated in maternal serum samples by a commercial enzyme immunoassay.Main outcome measures  Parvovirus B19 DNA detection in fetal specimens was analysed in relation to maternal serological signs of infection.Results  Parvovirus B19 DNA was detected in 22.41% of fetal cord blood and 36.36% of amniotic fluid samples. A statistically significant difference was found between DNA detection by ISH (23.70%) and PCR‐ELISA (14.81%) (P= 0.004). Only 11.76% of fetuses with virological diagnosis of B19 infection were from women with serological signs of acute/recent B19 infection.Conclusions  Diagnosis of fetal parvovirus B19 infection cannot always rely on maternal serological investigations but rather on the virological analysis of fetal samples. Both fetal cord blood and amniotic fluid samples are suitable for diagnosis, but the detection of B19 DNA in the cells of amniotic fluid samples by ISH proved to be the most reliable diagnostic system.
Fetal fibronectin as a predictor of spontaneous preterm labour in asymptomatic women with a cervical cerclage
Authors: Duhig KE , Chandiramani M , Seed PT , Briley AL , Kenyon AP , Shennan AH 
Published: April 2009

Objective  To assess the accuracy of fetal fibronectin (fFN) testing for prediction of preterm labour in asymptomatic high‐risk women with a cervical cerclage.Design  Retrospective observational study.Setting  United Kingdom.Population  Nine hundred and ten asymptomatic women at high‐risk of Preterm birth referred to specialist antenatal clinics and undergoing fFN testing between November 1997 and December 2007.Methods  Women had fFN tests taken between 23+0 and 27+6 weeks’ gestation, on one or more occasions.Main outcome measures  Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values of fFN testing for predicting delivery <30 and <37 weeks were compared in those with and without cerclage.Results  For delivery <30 weeks’ gestation, the specificity of fFN testing was significantly lower in women with cervical cerclage (77% vs 90%; P ≤ 0.00001). The sensitivity of the test was similar between the groups (78.6 (no‐cerclage) vs 60% (cerclage); P > 0.4). The negative predictive value of the fFN test for delivery <30 weeks was high in both groups (>98%).Conclusions  Asymptomatic high‐risk women with cerclage in situ are more likely to have a false positive fFN test. The negative predictive value is similar.
Breathing patterns during progressive incremental cycle and treadmill exercise are different
Authors: Kalsås Knud , Thorsen Einar 
Published: April 2009

SummaryPerceived breathlessness at comparable minute ventilation (VE) is higher with cycling than with running. Different use of the upper extremities and chest wall may influence the breathing pattern. It was hypothetized that the relationship between tidal volume (VT) and VE throughout progressive incremental exercise is different with the two modes of exercise. Twelve well trained subjects (seven men) 20–25 years had incremental maximal exercise tests on a treadmill and a cycle ergometer on different days in random order. Heart rate, respiratory gases, VE and VT were measured on a computerized exercise testing system, and data were averaged over 20 s periods. The VE−VT relationship was characterized by maximum VT, VT at a VE of 30 l min−1 (VT30), the Hey plot and by a least squares quadratic regression model. The increase in VT by VE was steeper and VT30 was higher with cycling compared to running. VTmax was not different, but was achieved at a lower VE with cycling. Breathing strategies are different with running and cycling in young well trained subjects, and exercise mode must be accounted for in normative studies of breathing pattern.
An Improvised Oxygen Supply System for Pandemic and Disaster Use
Authors: Little Charles M. , Merritt Mark , Wentworth Allen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground:  Current disaster planning for pandemic influenza anticipates overwhelming numbers of patients in need of hospitalization. The anticipated use of extra, or “surge,” beds is common in both hospital and community disaster response planning. In a pandemic of respiratory illness, supplemental oxygen will be a life‐saving intervention. There are currently few options to provide these proposed surge beds with the necessary oxygen.Objectives:  A method of providing an improvised oxygen delivery system for use in a disaster was developed and tested. This system was designed to use readily available commercial materials to assemble an oxygen delivery system.Methods:  The study consisted of a laboratory design, assembly, and testing of an improvised oxygen system.Results:  A liquid oxygen (LOX) Dewar container was used to supply oxygen systems built from inexpensive commercially available plastic tubing and fittings. The system will drive ventilators without significant pressure drop or ventilator malfunction. The final developed system will supply 30 patients with up to 6 L/min (l pm) oxygen each by nasal cannula from a single oxygen Dewar.Conclusions:  An improvised system to deliver oxygen for patient beds or ventilator use can be easily assembled in the event of a disaster. This could be life‐saving in the event of a pandemic of respiratory illness.
Big snake, small snake: which wound is worse when bitten?
Authors: Hon Kam‐Lun Ellis , Lee Ka‐Wah Tony , Cheung Kam‐Lau , Ng Pak‐Cheung 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSnakebites in children and teenagers are relatively uncommon in the metropolitan city of Hong Kong. They are rarely fatal but may cause significant morbidity and fear. We report two cases of snakebites to illustrate that the spectrum of morbidity is independent of the size of the snakes. A 7‐year‐old boy was bitten in successions by a green snake. Envenomation occurred at the second bite site. He developed local and systemic signs that were promptly relieved with anti‐venom therapy at the intensive care unit. An 18‐year‐old girl was bitten by a large python but only sustained minor local soft tissue injuries. This report serves to alert the public that snake may bite in successions and envenomation may occur with the subsequent bite.Conclusion: A small snake may be venomous and a large snake may not be. Avoidable risk factors associated with snakebites (such as avoiding areas known to harbour snakes in the evening in summer and autumn and wearing protective footwear) are highlighted.
Efficacy and Safety of Omega-3 for Treatment of Early-Stage Peyronie’s Disease: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Safarinejad Mohammad Reza 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Following the retraction of Dr. Safarinejad’s work by other journals, The Journal of Sexual Medicine has undertaken an extensive re-review of all papers Dr. Safarinejad published with the journal. Following an intensive re-evaluation and close scrutiny of the manuscripts, our expert reviewers raised multiple concerning questions about the methodology, results, and statistical interpretation as presented in this article. Dr. Safarinejad was contacted to provide his original data and offer explanations to address the concerns expressed by the reviewers. Dr Safarinejad chose not to respond. Consequently, we can no longer verify the results or methods as presented and therefore retract the article.
Depression Resulting from Olfactory Dysfunction is Associated with Reduced Sexual Appetite—A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study
Authors: Gudziol Volker , Wolff-Stephan Silvia , Aschenbrenner Katja , Joraschky Peter , Hummel Thomas 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Anecdotal reports from patients with smell loss provided the basic motivation for the present study on sexual dysfunction among patients with olfactory dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the sexual appetite and the subject’s depression in regard to olfactory function.

Methods
Eighty-six patients referred to our smell and taste clinic with olfactory dysfunction were investigated. Olfactory function was assessed by means of the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test battery consisting of tests for odor threshold (T), odor discrimination (D), and odor identification (I). Their results were summed up to a composite score, the so-called “TDI score.” All participants completed a questionnaire including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and 11 questions for evaluation of the sexual appetite in regard to the time before the onset of olfactory dysfunction and since the olfactory dysfunction. The points received for the latter questions were summed up to the so called Sexual Appetite Index (SAI).

Results
Olfactory testing revealed that 38 patients were functionally anosmic, 39 patients were hyposmic, and nine patients were normosmic. The average BDI score was 11.0 ± 8.4 points. Evaluation of the SAI questionnaire revealed a significant decrease (P = 0.003) of the score from 22.7 ± 4.5 points from the time before to 21.4 ± 4.9 points since the onset of olfactory loss. No significant correlation was found between olfactory function and the SAI since the onset of olfactory dysfunction. However, the BDI score correlated negatively with the SAI since the onset of olfactory dysfunction (r85 = −0.36; P = 0.001).

Conclusion
The present study does not confirm the hypothesis that loss of olfactory function directly impacts on sexual appetite. It seems that depression caused by olfactory loss is the main cause for the self-reported decrease in sexual appetite as the onset of olfactory dysfunction.
Post-Radical Prostatectomy Pharmacological Penile Rehabilitation: Practice Patterns Among the International Society for Sexual Medicine Practitioners
Authors: Teloken Patrick , Mesquita Guilherme , Montorsi Francesco , Mulhall John 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Despite the fact that there is minimal evidence-based data supporting it, the concept of pharmacological penile rehabilitation following radical prostatectomy (RP) is receiving great attention.

Aim
To define attitudes and practice patterns of clinicians who were members of the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) and/or its affiliated societies.

Methods
Members of the ISSM and its regional affiliates were invited to participate in a web-based survey.

Main Outcome Measures
Demographic factors, current practice status, and opinions regarding post-RP erectile dysfunction and penile rehabilitation. The statistical methods used included chi-square, Student’s t-tests, and logistic regression analysis.

Results
Three hundred-one physicians from 41 countries completed the questionnaire (82% were urologists). Sixty-five percent of the responders had formal sexual medicine specialty training, 44% had uro-oncology specialty training, and 60% performed RPs. Eighty-seven percent performed some form of rehabilitation. As part of the primary rehabilitation strategy, 95% used phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5), 30% used vacuum device, 75% used intracavernosal injections, and 9.9% used intraurethral prostaglandin. Fifty-four percent commenced rehabilitation immediately/just after urethral catheter removal, and 37% within the first 4 months after RP. Neither the number of years in medical practice, clinician age, nor country/region of practice differed between rehabilitation performers and nonperformers. With regard to the primary reason for avoiding rehabilitation: 50% responded said it is the cost; 25% said the fact that it is not evidence-based; and 25% said they were not familiar with the concept. Performing rehabilitation was positively associated with urologic oncology training (P = 0.03), performing RP (P &lt; 0.001), and seeing over 50 post-RP patients per year (P = 0.011).

Conclusions
Among ISSM members post-RP penile rehabilitation is widely practiced, commenced early, and based predominantly on PDE5 inhibitors and intracavernosal injections. Clinicians who perform RP or see over 50 such patients per year are the most likely to perform rehabilitation. Cost represents the most common reason for rehabilitation neglect.
New Electroencephalogram (EEG) Neuroimaging Methods of Analyzing Brain Activity Applicable to the Study of Human Sexual Response
Authors: Ortigue Stephanie , Patel Nisa , Bianchi-Demicheli Francesco 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTIntroductionElectroencephalogram (EEG) combined with brain source localization algorithms is becoming a powerful tool in the neuroimaging study of human cerebral functions.AimThe present article provides a tutorial on the various EEG methods currently used to study the human brain activity, notably during sexual response.Main Outcome MeasuresReview of published literature on standard EEG waveform analyses and most recent electrical neuroimaging techniques (microstate approach and two methods of brain source localization).MethodsRetrospective overview of pertinent literature.ResultsAlthough the standard EEG waveform analyses enable millisecond time-resolution information about the human sexual responses in the brain, less is clear about their related spatial information. Nowadays, the improvement of EEG techniques and statistical approaches allows the visualization of the dynamics of the human sexual response with a higher spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we describe these enhanced techniques and summarize along with an overview of what we have learned from them in terms of chronoarchitecture of sexual response in the human brain. Finally, the speculation on how we may be able to use other enhanced approaches, such as independent component analysis, are also presented.ConclusionsEEG neuroimaging has already been proven as a strong worthwhile research tool. Combining this approach with standard EEG waveform analyses in sexual medicine may provide a better understanding of the neural activity underlying the human sexual response in both healthy and clinical populations.