bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and optimization of lead-free perovskite solar cells: investigating performance and electrical characteristics
Authors: Mortadi A. , El Hafidi E. , Nasrellah H. , Monkade M. , El Moznine R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeveral studies on solar cells using SCAPS-1D were conducted to investigate their performance, which are typically limited to I–V analysis for DC characterization. Therefore, in the present study, a very wide frequency range from 10–2 Hz to 1012 Hz was employed to explore diffusion processes and investigate the performance of lead-free Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) featuring as a novel heterostructure. These investigations concern the optimization of MASnI3 thickness as an absorber. Additionally, the impact of series (Rs) and shunt (Rsh) resistances is also examined. From the I–V analysis, it was determined that the power efficiency (PCE) could be achieved at a thickness of 0.6 µm. Increasing the series resistance (Rs) led to a significant decrease in the fill factor (FF) and (PCE), whereas the shunt resistance (Rsh) demonstrated a notable improvement in both (FF) and (PCE). Analysis of AC characteristics revealed complex impedance (Z*) and modulus (M*) indicative of main ionic transport, recombination, and diffusion processes crucial for optimization. An appropriate equivalent circuit model was developed and validated through deconvolution and theoretical considerations, yielding parameters such as the time constant for each process. It was observed that ionic conductivity and electronic diffusion play key roles in balancing charge collection and recombination losses. The critical influence of series and shunt resistance on low and high-frequency processes was emphasized, underscoring their significance in solar cell efficiency. A strong correlation was established between the evolution of time constants for each process and power conversion efficiency (PCE).
A robust multi-view knowledge transfer-based rough fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm
Authors: Zhao Feng , Yang Yujie , Liu Hanqiang , Wang Chaofei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRough fuzzy clustering algorithms have received extensive attention due to the excellent ability to handle overlapping and uncertainty of data. However, existing rough fuzzy clustering algorithms generally consider single view clustering, which neglects the clustering requirements of multiple views and results in the failure to identify diverse data structures in practical applications. In addition, rough fuzzy clustering algorithms are always sensitive to the initialized cluster centers and easily fall into local optimum. To solve the above problems, the multi-view and transfer learning are introduced into rough fuzzy clustering and a robust multi-view knowledge transfer-based rough fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm (MKT-RFCCA) is proposed in this paper. First, multiple distance metrics are adopted as multiple views to effectively recognize different data structures, and thus positively contribute to clustering. Second, a novel multi-view transfer-based rough fuzzy clustering objective function is constructed by using fuzzy memberships as transfer knowledge. This objective function can fully explore and utilize the potential information between multiple views and characterize the uncertainty information. Then, combining the statistical information of color histograms, an initialized centroids selection strategy is presented for image segmentation to overcome the instability and sensitivity caused by the random distribution of the initialized cluster centers. Finally, to reduce manual intervention, a distance-based adaptive threshold determination mechanism is designed to determine the threshold parameter for dividing the lower approximation and boundary region of rough fuzzy clusters during the iteration process. Experiments on synthetic datasets, real-world datasets, and noise-contaminated Berkeley and Weizmann images show that MKT-RFCCA obtains favorable clustering results. Especially, it provides satisfactory segmentation results on images with different types of noise and preserves more specific detail information of images.
Metaphysical Status of Money and Sustainable Organizations and Ecosystems
Authors: Cardao-Pito Tiago , Abdyrakhmanova Jyldyz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe current economic and societal production system gives money a magnified importance, overlooking other essential flows necessary for human survival and existence. It focuses on monetary indicators like profits, dividends, and GDPs to evaluate organizational production, while often disregarding outputs that harm the biosphere. Money is treated as the constitutive being (ousia) and attributed undemonstrated explanatory properties. Intangible flow theory helps eliminate this metaphysical status of money by recognizing that monetary flows are just one of many necessary flows for human survival and existence. Organizations deliver product-flows that require input-flows from and send output-flows back to the encompassing biosphere, whether they explicitly engage in environmentally friendly activities or not. Therefore, every organization is an ecological entity because it has a relationship with the biosphere, which participates in the manner through which humans integrate into their surrounding environment and relate to other living beings. Eliminating the metaphysical status of money integrates every organization in the biosphere, making organizations accountable for environmental harm caused by their activities. This can be achieved by deconstructing the metaphysical status of money in business models.
Flooded architecture as an adaptation tool for climate change impact—a case study of possible interpretation in Egypt
Authors: Mahmoud Rasha Sayed , Dagher Shereen Abou , Youssef Passant 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn light of the current global environmental issues, such as floods, underground water problems, and soil salinity, there is a growing need for sustainable architectural and housing solutions that can effectively address the impact of these challenges on food and security (Nation 2002). In Egypt, frequent incidents of flooding and sinking roads and cities are observed, particularly after rainfall or in projects that involve underground water drainage (UN-Habitat 2022). This paper explores the concept of flooded architecture, which involves designing buildings and spaces that are intentionally flooded with water. Through a review of relevant literature and case studies, the paper investigates the potential benefits and drawbacks of this approach nationally inside Egypt, structure, and construction used materials, including its impact on energy efficiency, sustainability, and resilience to natural disasters. The findings suggest that flooded architecture has the potential to offer innovative solutions for a range of environmental and social challenges but also raises important questions around safety, maintenance, and cultural acceptance in Egypt.
Vortex shedding behind porous flat plates normal to the flow
Authors: Cicolin M.M. , Chellini S. , Usherwood B. , Ganapathisubramani B. , Castro Ian P. 
Published: April 2024

This work examines the influence of body porosity on the wake past nominally two-dimensional rectangular plates of fixed width

$D$

in the moderate range of Reynolds numbers

$Re = UD/\nu$

(with

$U$

the incoming velocity and

$\nu$

the kinematic viscosity) between 15 000 and 70 000. With porosity

$\beta$

defined as the ratio of open to total area of the plate, it is well established that as porosity increases, the wake shifts from the periodic von Kármán shedding behaviour to a regime where this vortex shedding is absent. This change impacts the fluid forces acting on the plate, especially the drag, which is significantly lower for a wake without vortex shedding. We analyse experimentally the transition between these two regimes using hot-wire anemometry, particle-image velocimetry and force measurements. Coherence and phase measurements are used to determine the existence of regular, periodic vortex shedding based on the velocity fluctuations in the two main shear layers on either side of the wake. Results show that, independent of

$Re$

, the wake exhibits the classical Kármán vortex shedding pattern for

$\beta <0.2$

but this is absent for

$\beta >0.3$

. In the intermediate range,

$0.2<\beta <0.3$

, there is a transitional regime that has not previously been identified; it is characterised by intermittent shedding. The flow alternates randomly between a vortex shedding and a non-shedding pattern and the total proportion of time during which vortex shedding is observed (the intermittency) decreases with increasing porosity.
Measuring dispositional empathy in South African children
Authors: Malcolm-Smith Susan , Pileggi Lea-Ann , Lewis Raphaella 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Empathy is a key factor to examine in development, because of its predictive associations with both aggression and successful prosocial behaviour. However, established measures of empathy for Low-to-Middle Income Countries, including South Africa, are lacking. In children, parent-report measures are key. However, a local study examining empathy and aggression (Malcolm-Smith et al., 2015) found poor psychometric performance for a widely used parent-report measure of dispositional empathy, the Griffith Empathy Measure (GEM). We thus investigated which of two questionnaires measuring dispositional cognitive and affective empathy perform better in this context.

Method:
We contrasted internal consistency reliability of a simplified version of the GEM (SGEM; n = 160) and a parent-report version of the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE; n = 440) in a low-mid socio-economic status sample. Convergence between the measures and factor structure were also assessed.

Results:
The parent-report version of the QCAE performed well as a measure of child dispositional cognitive and affective empathy, with good reliability (overall α = 0.90 vs. SGEM α = .63), and confirmatory factor analysis supporting the two-factor structure. The SGEM’s reliability and failure to correlate with QCAE indicated poor psychometric performance.

Conclusion:
This is the first psychometric evaluation of the QCAE as a parent-report measure, and our results indicate that it should prove useful for future assessments of dispositional empathy in children across a variety of contexts.
INVERSE CONNECTION FORMULAE FOR GENERALISED BESSEL POLYNOMIALS
Authors: WOLFRAM D. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe solve the problem of finding the inverse connection formulae for the generalised Bessel polynomials and their reciprocals, the reverse generalised Bessel polynomials. The connection formulae express monomials in terms of the generalised Bessel polynomials. They enable formulae for the elements of change of basis matrices for both kinds of generalised Bessel polynomials to be derived and proved correct directly.
Agronomic performance of disc chain harrow as a conservation agriculture tool for a one-step cover crop termination and seedbed preparation
Authors: Trevini Mattia , Tosti Giacomo , Benincasa Paolo 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Cover crops and conservation soil tillage are reconsidered in cropping systems for their several agronomical and ecosystem services. In this frame, an important role is played by cover crop termination and seedbed preparation, which are crucial for a timely and successful establishment of the following cash crop. This work was aimed at testing a disc chain harrow for terminating a cover crop of hairy vetch and preparing a seedbed for soybean and defining its operational characteristics. A total of three trials were carried out to (1) compare two types of discs in two different front + rear combinations and two different working speeds (8 vs. 14 km h−1) in terms of efficacy of hairy vetch termination; (2) evaluate the seedbed preparation by the disc chain in terms of soybean establishment as a following cash crop; (3) evaluate operational characteristics (working speed, fuel consumption, absorbed power, etc.) of the disc chain at the two different speeds. Results demonstrate that the disc chain is a valid tool for cover crop termination and seedbed preparation in a conservation tillage approach. The quality of work was affected by the type of disc and the working speed. The disc chain showed good operating performance, with low mechanical pulling force, low energy requirement for traction, and low fuel consumption as compared to alternative conservation practices for cover crop termination and/or shallow soil tillage.
WILES DEFECT OF HECKE ALGEBRAS VIA LOCAL-GLOBAL ARGUMENTS
Authors: Böckle Gebhard , Khare Chandrashekhar B. , Manning Jeffrey 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn his work on modularity of elliptic curves and Fermat’s last theorem, A. Wiles introduced two measures of congruences between Galois representations and between modular forms. One measure is related to the order of a Selmer group associated to a newform
$f \in S_2(\Gamma _0(N))$
(and closely linked to deformations of the Galois representation
$\rho _f$
associated to f), whilst the other measure is related to the congruence module associated to f (and is closely linked to Hecke rings and congruences between f and other newforms in
$S_2(\Gamma _0(N))$
). The equality of these two measures led to isomorphisms
$R={\mathbf T}$
between deformation rings and Hecke rings (via a numerical criterion for isomorphisms that Wiles proved) and showed these rings to be complete intersections.We continue our study begun in [BKM21] of the Wiles defect of deformation rings and Hecke rings (at a newform f) acting on the cohomology of Shimura curves over
${\mathbf Q}$
: It is defined to be the difference between these two measures of congruences. The Wiles defect thus arises from the failure of the Wiles numerical criterion at an augmentation
$\lambda _f:{\mathbf T} \to {\mathcal O}$
. In situations we study here, the Taylor–Wiles–Kisin patching method gives an isomorphism
$ R={\mathbf T}$
without the rings being complete intersections. Using novel arguments in commutative algebra and patching, we generalize significantly and give different proofs of the results in [BKM21] that compute the Wiles defect at
$\lambda _f: R={\mathbf T} \to {\mathcal O}$
, and explain in an a priori manner why the answer in [BKM21] is a sum of local defects. As a curious application of our work we give a new and more robust approach to the result of Ribet–Takahashi that computes change of degrees of optimal parametrizations of elliptic curves over
${\mathbf Q}$
by Shimura curves as we vary the Shimura curve. The results we prove are not attainable using only the methods of Ribet–Takahashi.
Methylation profiles at birth linked to early childhood obesity
Authors: Lariviere Delphine , Craig Sarah J.C. , Paul Ian M. , Hohman Emily E. , Savage Jennifer S. , Wright Robert O. , Chiaromonte Francesca , Makova Kateryna D. , Reimherr Matthew L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Childhood obesity represents a significant global health concern and identifying its risk factors is crucial for developing intervention programs. Many “omics” factors associated with the risk of developing obesity have been identified, including genomic, microbiomic, and epigenomic factors. Here, using a sample of 48 infants, we investigated how the methylation profiles in cord blood and placenta at birth were associated with weight outcomes (specifically, conditional weight gain, body mass index, and weight-for-length ratio) at age six months. We characterized genome-wide DNA methylation profiles using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEpic chip, and incorporated information on child and maternal health, and various environmental factors into the analysis. We used regression analysis to identify genes with methylation profiles most predictive of infant weight outcomes, finding a total of 23 relevant genes in cord blood and 10 in placenta. Notably, in cord blood, the methylation profiles of three genes (PLIN4, UBE2F, and PPP1R16B) were associated with all three weight outcomes, which are also associated with weight outcomes in an independent cohort suggesting a strong relationship with weight trajectories in the first six months after birth. Additionally, we developed a Methylation Risk Score (MRS) that could be used to identify children most at risk for developing childhood obesity. While many of the genes identified by our analysis have been associated with weight-related traits (e.g., glucose metabolism, BMI, or hip-to-waist ratio) in previous genome-wide association and variant studies, our analysis implicated several others, whose involvement in the obesity phenotype should be evaluated in future functional investigations.
P–T Evolution of the Cyclades Blueschist Unit: Constraints on the Evolution of a Nascent Subduction System From Zr‐In‐Rutile (ZiR) and Quartz‐In‐Garnet (QuiG) Thermobarometry
Authors: Spear Frank S. , Wolfe Oliver M. , Thomas Jay B. , Hubbard Julia E. , Castro Adrian E. , Cheney John T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNew results that employ Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry (ZiR) and quartz‐inclusion‐in‐garnet (QuiG) barometry constrain the P–T conditions of garnet formation in blueschists and eclogites from the island of Syros, Greece. QuiG barometry reveals that garnet from different regions across the island formed at pressures ranging from 1.1 to 1.8 GPa and ZiR thermometry on rutile inclusions in garnet constrains the minimum temperature of garnet formation to have been 475–550°C. Most importantly, there is no systematic difference in the conditions of garnet formation from different regions across the island and these results are nearly identical to those obtained from the islands of Sifnos and Ios, Greece. A model is proposed whereby the rocks from all three islands were initially metamorphosed along a relatively shallow geotherm of around 11°C/km to a depth of around 45 km and were then subjected to metamorphism along a geotherm of around 7–8°C/km, which could have been caused by either an increase in the dip of the subduction zone or an increase in the rate of subduction. Garnet formed along this steeper geotherm was accompanied by the release of significant H2O from the breakdown of chlorite over a duration of 1 Ma or less based on thermal and diffusion modeling. It is concluded that rocks from Syros, Sifnos and Ios all followed a similar, roughly counter‐clockwise prograde P–T path and that the present outcrop configuration is largely due to a complex exhumation history.
Statistical Features of Polar Cap North and South Indices in Response to Interplanetary and Terrestrial Conditions: A Revisit
Authors: Park Jong‐Sun , Shi Quan Qi , Troshichev Oleg A. , Kim Khan‐Hyuk , Shue Jih‐Hong , Pitkänen Timo , Zhang Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigate statistical features of polar cap north (PCN) and south (PCS) indices in response to various interplanetary conditions (interplanetary magnetic field [IMF] orientation in three‐dimensions) and terrestrial conditions (seasonal and magnetic local time [MLT] locations of the index stations). The concurrent PCN‐PCS pairs for 1998–2002 and 2004–2018 are divided based on their sign type (positive‐positive, negative‐negative, negative‐positive, and positive‐negative PCN‐PCS pairs) and time coverage (the times when both index stations are in the dawn/dusk MLT sector during northern summer/winter). Analyzing the IMF orientation dependence on the occurrence probabilities of concurrent indices and on the differences between the indices in various sign types for each time coverage reveals that the statistical features in PCN‐PCS pairs obtained in the dawn MLT sector can be largely explained by the effects of the three‐component IMF (related to the polar cap convection patterns) combined with season (related to the hemispheric asymmetry in solar illumination‐induced ionospheric conductance). However, those obtained in the dusk MLT sector are controlled dominantly by seasonal effects rather than IMF orientation effects. Our findings indicate that PCN‐PCS pair data provide local views about the solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere (SW‐M‐I) coupling system with different control efficiencies of IMF orientation and season depending on the MLT location of the stations. Therefore, introducing polar cap indices recorded simultaneously at various locations in both hemispheres and analyzing them are strongly required to infer global views of the coupled SW‐M‐I system in the open field regions with higher confidence.
Low ACADM expression predicts poor prognosis and suppressive tumor microenvironment in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Libin , Yin Min , Guo Fei , Yu Zefeng , Weng Guobin , Long Huimin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents a highly frequent renal cancer subtype. However, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADM) encodes an important enzyme responsible for fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and its association with prognosis and immunity in cancers has rarely been reported. Therefore, the present work focused on exploring ACADM’s expression and role among ccRCC cases. We used multiple public databases and showed the hypo levels of ACADM protein and mRNA within ccRCC. Additionally, we found that ACADM down-regulation showed a remarkable relation to the advanced stage, high histological grade, as well as dismal prognostic outcome. As suggested by Kaplan–Meier curve analysis, cases showing low ACADM levels displayed shorter overall survival (OS) as well as disease-free survival (DFS). Moreover, according to univariate/multivariate Cox regression, ACADM-mRNA independently predicted the prognosis of ccRCC. In addition, this work conducted immunohistochemistry for validating ACADM protein expression and its prognostic role in ccRCC samples. KEGG and GO analyses revealed significantly enriched genes related to ACADM expression during fatty acid metabolism. The low-ACADM group with more regulatory T-cell infiltration showed higher expression of immune negative regulation genes and higher TIDE scores, which might contribute to poor response to immunotherapies. In conclusion, our results confirmed that downregulated ACADM predicted a poor prognosis for ccRCC and a poor response to immunotherapy. Our results provide important data for developing immunotherapy for ccRCC.
An adaptive detection model for IPv6 extension header threats based on deterministic decision automaton
Authors: Lin Bin , Zhang Liancheng , Zhang Hongtao , Guo Yi , Ge Shaowei , Fang Yakai , Ren Mingyue 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe IPv6 extension header mechanism, a new feature of the IPv6 protocol, enhances flexibility and scalability but introduces numerous security threats like firewall evasion and covert channels. Existing threat detection methods face limitations in detection types, universality, and speed. Hence, an adaptive detection model for IPv6 extension header threats (ADM-DDA6) is proposed. Firstly, standard rule sets are designed for common IPv6 extension headers, successfully detecting 70 types of threats from THC-IPv6 and ExtHdr tools using only 20 rules. Secondly, by parsing IPv6 extension headers, matching rules, establishing transition relationships, and deciding packet threat status based on final states (Normal or Abnormal), complex threats like header disorder and header repetition can be detected. Finally, an adaptive rule matching method is introduced, which dynamically selects rule sets based on IPv6 extension header types, effectively reducing rule matching time. Experimental results show that under different threat magnitudes, ADM-DDA6 is 32% faster than Suricata v6.0.12 and 21.2% faster than Snort v3.1.61.0 in detection speed. Additionally, as the number of threats increases, on commodity hardware, ADM-DDA6 incurs only a 0.7% increase in CPU overhead with no significant memory consumption increase, maintains maximum throughput, and exhibits minor performance changes under low and moderate network load conditions.