bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic health professionals and the communication of genetic information in families: Practice during and after a genetic consultation
Authors: Forrest Laura E. , Delatycki Martin B. , Curnow Lisette , Skene Loane , Aitken MaryAnne 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe communication of genetic information in families is an important process which can inform family members that they are at risk. However, evidence suggests that at‐risk family members are often uninformed. Genetic health professionals have a role to assist consultands to communicate genetic information to their family members. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate genetic health professionals' practice with regard to the familial implications of a genetic diagnosis and subsequent family communication. An online survey resulted in 626 responses from genetic health professionals internationally. The results indicated that over 90% of genetic health professionals consistently counsel consultands about the familial implications of a genetic diagnosis during a consultation. Also there were no major differences in practice between clinical geneticists and genetic counselors. An average of 79% of genetic health professionals always send a summary letter to the consultand after a consultation. In contrast, 41% of genetic health professionals never write letters for at‐risk family members. Other support is available to consultands after a consultation, but the availability of support relies on consultands and family members acting proactively and seeking out assistance from genetic health professionals for family communication. This may result in family members who are unaware that they are at risk of carrying and/or developing a genetic condition. This study is limited by the self‐selection and self‐reporting of the respondents' practice. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Etiological heterogeneity and clinical characteristics of metopic synostosis: Evidence from a tertiary craniofacial unit
Authors: Kini Usha , Hurst Jane A. , Byren Jo C. , Wall Steven A. , Johnson David , Wilkie Andrew O.M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMetopic synostosis (MS) accounts for approximately 10–15% of all craniosynostosis and is etiologically heterogeneous. This study aimed to examine the causes of MS, as observed in a tertiary craniofacial unit. We reviewed the case notes of 110 children with a diagnosis of MS, attending the craniofacial unit in Oxford between 1991 and 2008. Our results showed 38 children (38/110 or 34.6%) who had at least one additional structural abnormality or had a known syndromic diagnosis were classed as having syndromic MS. Chromosomal abnormalities were noted in 8/38 (21.4%) children: mosaic marker chromosome 2, 9p deletion (2/8), 11q deletion, 12pter deletion and duplication of 15q25 with other additional chromosomal abnormalities (3/8). Other syndromic diagnoses included Silver–Russell syndrome and Greig cephalopolysyndactyly. Prenatal exposure to sodium valproate (VPA) was noted in 8/110 children (7.8%), with the dose of the VPA being ≥1,000 mg/day in all cases. Other prenatal exposures reported in this study were: maternal diabetes (6/110), enoxaparin for hypercoagulable state (1/110), and thyroxine (1/110). The majority of patients (72/110 or 65.4%) had nonsyndromic MS. Speech delay was present in 11 children with nonsyndromic MS (11/72 or 15.3%) and 10 children with syndromic MS (10/38 or 26.3%). We conclude that approximately two‐thirds of all MS is nonsyndromic. Prenatal exposure to VPA is a common cause of MS. Maternal diabetes, not previously linked to MS, was noted in 5.5% of cases. Chromosomal abnormalities account for about 6% of MS. An increased risk of speech delay is seen with both the syndromic and nonsyndromic forms. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Probabilistic observables, conditional correlations, and quantum physics
Authors: Wetterich C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe discuss the classical statistics of isolated subsystems. Only a small part of the information contained in the classical probability distribution for the subsystem and its environment is available for the description of the isolated subsystem. The “coarse graining of the information” to micro‐states implies probabilistic observables. For two‐level probabilistic observables only a probability for finding the values one or minus one can be given for any micro‐state, while such observables could be realized as classical observables with sharp values on a substate level. For a continuous family of micro‐states parameterized by a sphere all the quantum mechanical laws for a two‐state system follow under the assumption that the purity of the ensemble is conserved by the time evolution. The correlation functions of quantum mechanics correspond to the use of conditional correlation functions in classical statistics. We further discuss the classical statistical realization of entanglement within a system corresponding to four‐state quantum mechanics. We conclude that quantum mechanics can be derived from a classical statistical setting with infinitely many micro‐states.
Association between depression and anxiety in high‐functioning children with autism spectrum disorders and maternal mood symptoms
Authors: Mazefsky Carla A. , Conner Caitlin M. , Oswald Donald P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractResearch suggests that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and their relatives have high rates of depression and anxiety. However, relatively few studies have looked at both factors concurrently. This study examined the potential relationship between maternal mood symptoms and depression and anxiety in their children with ASD. Participants were 31 10‐ to 17‐year‐old children with an ASD diagnosis that was supported by gold‐standard measures and their biological mothers. Mothers completed the Autism Comorbidity Interview to determine whether the child with ASD met criteria for any depressive or anxiety diagnoses and a questionnaire of their own current mood symptoms. As expected, many children with ASD met criteria for lifetime diagnoses of depressive (32%) and anxiety disorders (39%). Mothers' report of their own current mood symptoms revealed averages within the normal range, though there was significant variability. Approximately 75% of children with ASD could be correctly classified as having a depressive or anxiety disorder history or not based on maternal symptoms of interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, phobic anxiety, depression, and anxiety. The results provide preliminary evidence that maternal mood symptoms may be related to depression and anxiety in their children with ASD. Although the design did not allow for testing of heritability per se, the familial transmission patterns were generally consistent with research in typical populations. While larger follow‐up studies are needed, this research has implications for prevention and intervention efforts.
Maternal and developmental toxicity of ayahuasca in Wistar rats
Authors: Oliveira Carolina Dizioli Rodrigues , Moreira Camila Queiroz , de Sá Lilian Rose Marques , de Souza Spinosa Helenice , Yonamine Mauricio 
Published: May 2010

AbstractINTRODUCTION: Ayahuasca is a psychotropic plant beverage initially used by shamans throughout the Amazon region during traditional religious cult. In recent years, ayahuasca has also been used in ceremonies of a number of modern syncretic religious groups, including pregnant women. However, no documented study has been performed to evaluate the risk of developmental toxicity of ayahuasca. METHODS: In the present work, maternal and developmental toxicity was evaluated in Wistar rats. Ayahuasca was administered to pregnant rats in three different doses [the equivalent typical dose (TD) administered to humans, five‐fold TD and 10‐fold TD] during the gestational period (6–20 days). RESULTS: Dams treated with the highest ayahuasca dose showed maternal toxicity with decrease of weight gain and food intake. Visceral fetal findings were observed in all treatment groups. Skeletal findings were observed in the intermediate‐ and high‐dose groups. The fetuses deriving from the highest dose group also presented a decrease in body weight. CONCLUSIONS: From these results, it is possible to conclude that there is a risk of maternal and developmental toxicity following ayahuasca exposure and that the level of toxicity appears to be dose‐dependent. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:207–212, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ambivalence toward mothers who kill: An examination of 45 U.S. cases of maternal neonaticide
Authors: Shelton Joy Lynn E. , Muirhead Yvonne , Canning Kathleen E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPublic opinion about neonaticide (the killing of a newborn within the first 24 hours of life) has varied across time and cultures. Some nations have passed legislation on behalf of maternal offenders with the assumption that childbirth, a time of unique biological change, may lead to mental disturbance. The United States, however, makes no such distinction; offenders are prosecuted under general homicide laws. Nevertheless, U.S. courts often consider a mother's emotional and physical condition prior to and during delivery. This study includes 44 female offenders and 45 infant deaths and highlights society's ambivalence toward neonaticide offenders. The authors suggest that this ambivalence may be attributed to: (1) the perception that an offender's emotional and physical turmoil during the birth and homicide reduces her culpability; (2) the sentiment that neonaticide offenders are more “redeemable” than other offenders; and (3) the uncertainty about the personhood of a fetus or newborn. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Untersuchungen zur chemischen Stabilität von Cu3(btc)2 (HKUST‐1) durch N2‐Adsorption, Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie und EPR‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Pöppl A. , Jee B. , Icker M. , Hartmann M. , Himsl D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractKupfertrimesat Cu3(btc)2, auch bekannt als HKUST‐1, ist einer der ältesten und bekanntesten Vertreter der als metal organic frameworks (MOF) bekannten Koordinationspolymere, einer noch relativ jungen Klasse poröser Materialien. Aufgrund der großen inneren Oberfläche und der relativ hohen thermischen Stabilität ist HKUST‐1 für viele technische Anwendungen, u. a. zur Speicherung von Wasserstoff oder der Olefin/Paraffin‐Trennung, interessant. Allerdings gibt es immer häufiger Hinweise, dass das Material unter bestimmten Bedingungen, z. B. in Gegenwart von Wasser, seine Porosität verliert.
Multicenter analysis of lung cancer patients younger than 45 years in Shanghai
Authors: Zhang Jie , Chen Su‐Feng , Zhen Ying , Xiang Jiaqing , Wu Chunxiao , Bao Pingping , Luketich James , Hu Hong , Zhou Xian , Zhang Junhua , Yao Shihua , Chen Hai‐Quan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The treatment, prognosis, and outcomes of young lung cancer patients have not been fully explored. In addition, there is a pressing need to characterize this subgroup of patients, because there is a trend of increasing incidence in younger patients from Europe and Japan.METHODS:Consecutive, nonselected young patients (<45 years old) with pathologically diagnosed lung cancer treated at 175 qualified hospitals in the greater Shanghai area were included in this analysis. Incidence, prognostic factors, and treatment outcome of lung cancer patients from 2002 to 2006 were documented. A comparison with lung cancer patients of any age was also made.RESULTS:A total of 12,380 patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer were registered. Among them, 652 patients were between 15 and 45 years old. One‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year survival rates of lung cancer patients younger than 45 years were 49.87%, 26.68%, and 23.12%, respectively. TNM stage, treatment hospital (tertiary vs community hospital), sex, and cancer histology were confirmed as independent prognostic factors. Compared with lung cancer patients of any age in Shanghai, the percentage of adenocarcinoma in the young male subgroup was significantly higher (63.77% vs 43.19%, P < .001). Interestingly, median survival time of young lung cancer patients was similar with that of lung cancer patients of any age, but was significantly shorter than the median survival of middle‐aged patients (45‐60 years old).CONCLUSIONS:Median survival of the middle‐aged group (45‐60 years) was significantly longer than the young group (<45 years) and the old group (>60 years). Therefore, aggressive treatment modalities should be strongly considered for young lung cancer patients. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization plus radiofrequency ablation therapy for early stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kagawa Tatehiro , Koizumi Jun , Kojima Sei‐ichiro , Nagata Naruhiko , Numata Makoto , Watanabe Norihito , Watanabe Tetsu , Mine Tetsuya 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is becoming a well‐known local therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is expected to enhance the effects of subsequent RFA by reducing arterial blood flow. However, the long‐term efficacy of this combined therapy has not been elucidated. In this study, the survival rates of patients who received TACE combined with RFA (TACE + RFA) were compared with those of patients treated surgically.METHODS:The study included consecutive patients who received TACE + RFA or surgical resection as the initial curative treatment for HCC between 2000 and 2005 at Tokai University Hospital. Inclusion criteria were a single HCC ≤50 mm or up to 3 HCCs ≤30 mm, presence of cirrhosis classified as Child‐Pugh class A, no vascular invasion, and no extrahepatic metastasis.RESULTS:Sixty‐two patients (23 women, 39 men; aged 67.5 ± 8.4 years [mean ± standard deviation]) received TACE + RFA, and 55 patients (15 women, 40 men; aged 66.1 ± 8.4 years) underwent surgical resection. Median follow‐up periods were similar (50 months in the TACE + RFA group vs 49 months in the resection group). The probabilities of overall survival at 1, 3, and 5 years in the TACE + RFA group (100%, 94.8%, and 64.6%, respectively) were similar (P = .788) to those in the resection group (92.5%, 82.7%, and 76.9%, respectively). Two major RFA‐related complications were observed (1.5%).CONCLUSIONS:RFA combined with TACE is an efficient and safe treatment that provides overall survival rates similar to those achieved with surgical resection. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
A validated prognostic index predicting response to dexamethasone and diethylstilbestrol in castrate‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Shamash Jonathan , Stebbing Justin , Sweeney Chris , Sonpavde Guru , Harland Steve , Dawkins Guy , Brock Cathryn , Abelman Walter , Wilson Peter , Sanitt Adam , Oliver Tim , Powles Thomas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to identify subgroups of patients with castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) who had a prolonged response to combined dexamethasone and diethylstilbestrol (DS) therapy by constructing a prognostic index.METHODS:Multivariate and cutoff point analyses with bootstrapping were performed 1 month after commencing DS therapy, and data were validated using an independent external dataset.RESULTS:The median overall survival for 145 patients was 18.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.4‐23.3 months). Only 2 factors were significant on multivariate analysis: a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level below the median at the start of DS therapy and a decline >50% in the PSA level after 1 month on DS therapy. Subsequent cutoff point analyses revealed that a PSA level <88 ng/mL at the start of DS therapy and a reduction >53.1% in PSA after the first month of treatment were the most significant factors. These 2 factors were used to construct a prognostic index, which was validated successfully by the external dataset (median overall survival, 18.3 months [95% CI, 16.4‐28.0 months]; concordance, 72% [95% CI, 68%‐76%]). The prognostic index identified 3 prognostic groups: The 2‐year overall survival rate for these 3 groups was 68% (95% CI, 57%‐98%) for the good prognostic group, 40% (95% CI, 31%‐52%) for the intermediate prognostic group, and 12% (95% CI, 5%‐25%) for the poor prognostic group.CONCLUSIONS:The easy‐to‐use prognostic index that the authors developed was able to identify a subgroup of patients with CRPC who had prolonged survival only 1 month after starting DS therapy. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
A low‐dropout voltage regulator with active current amplifier frequency compensation
Authors: Zhang Ke , Li Wenhong , Liu Ran 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a new compensation scheme of low‐dropout regulator (LDO) design over the conventional methodology. With only 0.3 pF on‐chip compensation capacitor, a left‐half‐plane zero is realized within the regulation loop unity‐gain bandwidth and over 56 ∘ phase margin is achieved under the full range of the load current. The LDO thus achieves stability without using the equivalent series resistance of the capacitor. It is proven experimentally that the proposed LDO has many attractive features such as high accuracy, low quiescent current, and smaller compensation capacitor. The measurement results show that the excellent performance can be comparable with the state of the art LDOs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preface: Contrib. Plasma Phys. 3–5/2010
Authors: Heikkinen Jukka A. , Morozov Dmitry 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe crucial importance of edge properties of fusion plasmas has been increasingly appreciated over the last decades. The development of plasma edge theory, i.e. of quantitative understanding, is monitored, critically discussed, and stimulated through the bi‐annual series of international workshops on Plasma Edge Theory in Fusion Devices (PET). The 12th PET (PET‐12) was held at the State Museum and Reserve Rostov Kremlin in Rostov Veliky, Yaroslavsky region, Russia, from 2nd to 4th of September 2009. It was carefully organized by the Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute. The event was generously co‐sponsored by this Research Centre. Additional financial support came from RFBR, Russia.The Director‐General of the State Museum and Reserve Rostov Kremlin, Prof. A.E. Leontiev, kindly agreed to open the conference with a welcoming address. The participants greatly appreciated the keen backing of PET‐12 by Prof. V.P. Smirnov of the Russian Research Centre. Much of the success of this meeting was based on the enormous load of diligent work carried by the Secretary of the Local Organizing Committee (LOC), Prof. Dmitry Morozov. The great supporting efforts of Dr. L.K. Kuznezova, Dr. M.L. Subbotin and Mr. L.N. Kimchenko of the LOC are particularly appreciated.In six invited summary lectures this time the subjects of ITER divertor design, tokamak edge nonlinear dynamics, pedestal physics, self‐similarity of edge plasma turbulence, theoretical aspects of dust in fusion devices, and non‐diffusive transport in detached plasma conditions have been reviewed. In the distribution according to topic, the number of papers on kinetic and fluid edge plasma simulation, followed by those on neutrals and impurities, and those on SOL turbulence were in the lead. Altogether 57 contributions were brought forward, including 9 as oral presentations, most as posters in three sessions. In addition to being discussed during the workshop, all papers have been screened by peer review. The results have been composed to these Proceedings. Given the importance of the subject for fusion and the ongoing strong international research efforts in this field, it has been decided to organize a next workshop, PET‐13, in USA, during the year 2011.January 2010
Self‐Similarity of Fluctuation Particle Fluxes in the Plasma Edge of the Stellarator L‐2M
Authors: Saenko V.V. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractResults are presented of statistical studies of probability density of fluctuations of plasma density, floating potential, and turbulent particle fluxes measured by a Langmuir probe in the edge plasma of the L‐2M stellarator. Empirical probability densities differ from Gaussian distributions. The empirical probability density distributions have heavy tails decreasing as x–α –1 and are leptokurtic. Fractional stable distributions were successfully applied to describing such distributions. It is shown that fractional stable distributions give good fit to the distri‐butions of increments of fluctuation amplitudes of physical variables under study. The distribution parameters are statistically estimated from measured time sequences (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
2D Statistical Analysis of Non‐Diffusive Transport under Attached and Detached Plasma Conditions of the Linear Divertor Simulator
Authors: Tanaka H. , Ohno N. , Tsuji Y. , Kajita S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe have analyzed the 2D convective motion of coherent structures, which is associated with plasma blobs, under attached and detached plasma conditions of a linear divertor simulator, NAGDIS‐II. Data analysis of probes and a fast‐imaging camera by spatio‐temporal correlation with three decomposition and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was carried out to determine the basic properties of coherent structures detached from a bulk plasma column. Under the attached plasma condition, the spatio‐temporal correlation with three decomposition based on the probe measurement showed that two types of coherent structures with different sizes detached from the bulk plasma and the azimuthally localized structure radially propagated faster than the larger structure. Under the detached plasma condition, movies taken by the fast‐imaging camera clearly showed the dynamics of a 2D spiral structure at peripheral regions of the bulk plasma; this dynamics caused the broadening of the plasma profile. The POD method was used for the data processing of the movies to obtain low‐dimensional mode shapes. It was found that the m = 1 and m = 2 ring‐shaped coherent structures were dominant. Comparison between the POD analysis of both the movie and the probe data suggested that the coherent structure could be detached from the bulk plasma mainly associated with the m = 2 fluctuation. This phenomena could play an important role in the reduction of the particle and heat flux as well as the plasma recombination processes in plasma detachment (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling of Ion Kinetic Effects for SOL Flow Formation
Authors: Takizuka T. , Hoshino K. , Shimizu K. , Yagi M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe plasma flow in the scrape‐off layer (SOL) plays an important role for the control of heat and particle including impurity in magnetic fusion reactors. SOL flow patterns have recently been studied by the particle simulations, and the effects of finite‐orbit‐size of ions are found to be essential for the flow‐pattern formation [Takizuka et al., Nucl. Fusion 49, 075038 (2009)]. Based on these simulation results, a new model of the edge plasma flow is developed by introducing the “ion‐orbit‐induced flow” to the fluid equations. A tokamak plasma is divided into three regions; core region, transition layer and SOL region. The “ion‐orbit‐induced flow” is modeled by separating untrapped part and trapped part, and by taking account the collision effect and poloidal distribution. The “ion‐orbit‐induced flow” becomes large at the edge region (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)