bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Arinem Te‐Bearing Gold‐Silver‐Base Metal Deposit, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: YUNINGSIH Euis T. , MATSUEDA Hiroharu , SETYARAHARJA Eko P. , ROSANA Mega F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe vein system in the Arinem area is a gold‐silver‐base metal deposit of Late Miocene (8.8–9.4 Ma) age located in the southwestern part of Java Island, Indonesia. The mineralization in the area is represented by the Arinem vein with a total length of about 5900 m, with a vertical extent up to 575 m, with other associated veins such as Bantarhuni and Halimun. The Arinem vein is hosted by andesitic tuff, breccia, and lava of the Oligocene–Middle Miocene Jampang Formation (23–11.6 Ma) and overlain unconformably by Pliocene–Pleistocene volcanic rocks composed of andesitic‐basaltic tuff, tuff breccia and lavas. The inferred reserve is approximately 2 million tons at 5.7 g t−1 gold and 41.5 g t−1 silver at a cut‐off of 4 g t−1 Au, which equates to approximately 12.5t of Au and 91.4t of Ag. The ore mineral assemblage of the Arinem vein consists of sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite, marcasite, and arsenopyrite with small amounts of pyrrhotite, argentite, electrum, bornite, hessite, tetradymite, altaite, petzite, stutzite, hematite, enargite, tennantite, chalcocite, and covellite. These ore minerals occur in quartz with colloform, crustiform, comb, vuggy, massive, brecciated, bladed and calcedonic textures and sulfide veins. A pervasive quartz–illite–pyrite alteration zone encloses the quartz and sulfide veins and is associated with veinlets of quartz–calcite–pyrite. This alteration zone is enveloped by smectite–illite–kaolinite–quartz–pyrite alteration, which grades into a chlorite–smectite–kaolinite–calcite–pyrite zone. Early stage mineralization (stage I) of vuggy–massive–banded crystalline quartz‐sulfide was followed by middle stage (stage II) of banded–brecciated–massive sulfide‐quartz and then by last stage (stage III) of massive‐crystalline barren quartz. The temperature of the mineralization, estimated from fluid inclusion microthermometry in quartz ranges from 157 to 325°C, whereas the temperatures indicated by fluid inclusions from sphalerite and calcite range from 153 to 218 and 140 to 217°C, respectively. The mineralizing fluid is dilute, with a salinity <4.3 wt% NaCl equiv. The ore‐mineral assemblage and paragenesis of the Arinem vein is characteristically of a low sulfidation epithermal system with indication of high sulfidation overprinted at stage II. Boiling is probably the main control for the gold solubility and precipitation of gold occurred during cooling in stage I mineralization.
Genesis of the Xuebaoding W–Sn–Be Crystal Deposits in Southwest China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions, Stable Isotopes and Ore Elements
Authors: LIU Yan , DENG Jun , SHI Guanghai , SUN Xiang , YANG Liqiang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe Xuebaoding crystal deposit, located in northern Longmenshan, Sichuan Province, China, is well known for producing coarse‐grained crystals of scheelite, beryl, cassiterite, fluorite and other minerals. The orebody occurs between the Pankou and Pukouling granites, and a typical ore vein is divided into three parts: muscovite and beryl within granite (Part I); beryl, cassiterite and muscovite in the host transition from granite to marble (Part II); and the main mineralization part, an assemblage of beryl, cassiterite, scheelite, fluorite, apatite and needle‐like tourmaline within marble (Part III). No evidence of crosscutting or overlapping of these ore veins by others suggests that the orebody was formed by single fluid activity. The contents of Be, W, Sn, Li, Cs, Rb, B, and F in the Pankou and Pukouling granites are similar to those of the granites that host Nanling W–Sn deposits. The calculated isotopic compositions of beryl, scheelite and cassiterite (δD, −69.3‰ to −107.2‰ and δ18OH2O, 8.2‰ to 15.0‰) indicate that the ore‐forming fluids were mainly composed of magmatic water with minor meteoric water and CO2 derived from decarbonation of marble. Primary fluid inclusions are CO2− CH4+ H2O ± CO2 (vapor), with or without clathrates and halites. We estimate the fluid trapping condition at T = 220 to 360°C and P > 0.9 kbar.Fluid inclusions are rich in H2O, F‐ and Cl‐. Evidence for fluid‐phase immiscibility during mineralization includes variable L/V ratios in the inclusions and inclusions containing different phase proportions. Fluid immiscibility may have been induced by the pressure released by extension joints, thereby facilitating the mineralization found in Part III. Based on the geochemical data, geological occurrence, and fluid inclusion studies, we hypothesize that the coarse‐grained crystals were formed by: (i) the high content of ore elements and volatile elements such as F in ore‐forming fluids; (ii) occurrence of fluid immiscibility and Ca‐bearing minerals after wall rock transition from granite to marble making the ore elements deposit completely; (iii) pure host marble as host rock without impure elements such as Fe; and (iv) sufficient space in ore veins to allow growth.
Radioelement Mapping and Environmental Monitoring of Surface Deposits using Ground Gamma Ray Spectrometry of the Area Adjacent to El‐Ramlah Village, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt
Authors: ABOELKHAIR Hatem , RABEI Mostafa 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA ground‐based gamma‐ray survey has been performed in the area close to El‐Ramlah village, southwestern Sinai, Egypt, using a GS‐512 spectrometer. The main objective of this survey was to delineate radioactive anomalies within the surface of the study area and to identify the environmental effects of natural radioelements on the new inhabitants, Bedouins, who live in the recently built village in this region of the Sinai Peninsula. The results show that the maximum radioactivity of the total count component (T.C.) was about 15.7Ur at the northern part of the study area. The average radioelements concentration were 0.4% for potassium, 1.6 ppm for equivalent uranium and 4.5 ppm for equivalent thorium. To identify and map the environmental effects of the concentration of these radioelements on El‐Ramlah village, measurements of potassium (K%), equivalent uranium (eU) and equivalent thorium (eTh) were converted into an equivalent dose rate. The results illustrate that, the levels of effective dose rate of the natural radioactivity of the area of study remains in the safe range without any harm to living organisms, and it stays within the maximum permissible radiation dose rate (1.0 mSv y−1) recommended by the International Commission of Radiological Protection.
Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of the stem of Musa sapientum Linn. in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Dikshit Piyush , Shukla Kirtikar , Tyagi Mool Kumar , Garg Piyush , Gambhir Jasvindar K. , Shukla Rimi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:  Musa sapientum Linn. is a herbaceous plant of the Musaceae family. It has been used in India for the treatment of gastric ulcer, hypertension, diarrhea, dysentery, and diabetes. The antidiabetic effect of the fruit, root, and flower has been demonstrated. The aim of the present study was to assess the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of the stem of M. sapientum Linn.Methods:  Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin injection (45 mg/kg, i.p.). Diabetic rats were treated for 2 weeks with different doses of lyophilized stem juice of M. sapientum Linn. (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) to select the most effective dose. The effects of 4 weeks treatment with this dose (50 mg/kg) on fasting and postprandial plasma glucose (FPG, PPG) levels, body weight, lipid profile, HbA1c, insulin, liver enzymes (i.e. glucokinase, glucose‐6‐phosphatase and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A [HMG‐CoA] reductase) and muscle and liver glycogen were evaluated.Results:  The most effective dose of lyophilized stem juice of M. sapientum Linn. was 50 mg/kg. Four weeks treatment with this dose resulted in significant decreases in FPG and PPG (P < 0.05). Serum insulin increased (P < 0.05) whereas HbA1c decreased (P < 0.05). Diabetes‐induced changes to the lipid profile, muscle and liver glycogen, and enzyme activity (i.e. glucokinase, glucose‐6‐phosphatase, and HMG‐CoA reductase) were restored near to normal levels (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Diabetic rats responded favorably to treatment with lyophilized stem juice of M. sapientum Linn., which exhibits antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects.
APPLYING A GENETIC ALGORITHM TO INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION OF EQUITY PORTFOLIOS: A SOUTH AFRICAN INVESTOR PERSPECTIVE
Authors: KABUNDI ALAIN , MWAMBA JOHN MUTEBA 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper uses the genetic algorithm (GA) approach to generate a portfolio optimisation scenario of a South African investor who seeks to maximise return from investing in S&P500, FTSE100, NASDAQ, DOWJONES, CAC40 and the DAX from January 1, 2005, to January 31, 2008, but facing exchange rate risk. The GA searches for the optimal solution in the entire set of financial constraints without looking for partial derivatives of the utility function. Whereas most financial problems require a non‐linear and time‐varying model, the GA, with its survival principle of offspring chromosomes, is better suited to this type of problem than local optimisation methods. The performance of the GA is compared with two non‐linear models, namely the quadratic mean‐variance (QMV), which maximises the portfolio mean‐variance, and the quadratic variance minimisation (QVM), which minimises the portfolio variance. The results show that neither the QMV nor the QVM takes into account the domestic investors' risk attitude towards investing in foreign equities and therefore does not provide any international diversification benefits. In addition, the bootstrapping scenario of 10,000 simulations reveals that neither the QMV nor the QVM outperforms the GA in terms of Sharpe ratio and flexibility in dealing with investors' risk attitude towards investing in foreign equities denominated in foreign currencies.
BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSE TO PLASTIC BAG LEGISLATION IN BOTSWANA
Authors: DIKGANG JOHANE , VISSER MARTINE 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper investigates the use of charges and standards in dealing with a common externality, plastic litter from shopping bags in Botswana. The country passed a plastic bag legislation (effective 2007) to curb the plastic bag demand. Uniquely, the act does not stipulate the amount that the retailers had to charge for plastic bags, they, independently from one another, set different prices. We assessed the environmental effectiveness and efficiency of the plastic bag legislation by analysing consumers' sensitivity to the improvement of the plastic bag and related price charges. The introduction of the plastic bag legislation led to a significant decline in the consumption of plastic bags per 1,000 Botswana pulas of shopping. The partial success of the charges levied in Botswana was due to the constantly high prices of the bags.
Metabolic encephalopathies in foals – pay attention to the serum biochemistry panel!
Authors: Johnson A. L. , Gilsenan W. F. , Palmer J. E. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryCareful assessment of the biochemistry panel and familiarity with normal biochemistry values for neonatal foals is imperative in the workup of any critically ill neonate, particularly those with neurological signs. The importance of rapidity of change compared to the absolute value of the biochemical abnormality must be emphasised. Serial biochemical panels ideally assist in assessing rapidity of change. Many foals can have severe biochemical derangements in the absence of seizures. Identifying values that are significantly out of range should spur immediate therapy to correct them and potentially additional diagnostic testing to determine the cause of the abnormalities. A temporal relationship between correction of biochemical abnormalities and resolution of seizures and encephalopathic signs supports causation.
Langlands duality and global Springer theory
Authors: Yun Zhiwei 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe compare the cohomology of (parabolic) Hitchin fibers for Langlands dual groups G and G∨. The comparison theorem fits in the framework of the global Springer theory developed by the author. We prove that the stable parts of the parabolic Hitchin complexes for Langlands dual group are naturally isomorphic after passing to the associated graded of the perverse filtration. Moreover, this isomorphism intertwines the global Springer action on one hand and Chern class action on the other. Our result is inspired by the mirror symmetric viewpoint of geometric Langlands duality. Compared to the pioneer work in this subject by T. Hausel and M. Thaddeus, R. Donagi and T. Pantev, and N. Hitchin, our result is valid for more general singular fibers. The proof relies on a variant of Ngô’s support theorem, which is a key point in the proof of the Fundamental Lemma.
Crystal Structure and Anomalous Sintering Behavior of (Sr0.7La0.3)1−xTiO3+δ Perovskites (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.12) Synthesized by the Pechini Method
Authors: Mori Masashi , Nakamura Kaoru , Itoh Takanori 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe crystal structure, phase relationship and sintering characteristics of (Sr0.7La0.3)1−xTiO3+δ perovskites (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.12) have been studied using the Pechini method. High-temperature neutron diffraction analysis showed that (Sr0.7La0.3)TiO3+δ has an orthorhombic structure at room temperature and a cubic structure at 450 °C. (Sr0.7La0.3)0.88TiO3+δ showed a single perovskite phase and other samples with an A-site deficiency of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.08 included secondary Ruddlesden-Popper phases. Sintering characteristics improved as the A-site deficiency increased and it was found that during sintering, (Sr0.7La0.3)0.88TiO3+δ expanded anomalously between 1400 °C and 1500 °C and for holding times between 0 h and 10 h at 1400 °C and 1500 °C. Additionally, observation of the samples by scanning electron microscopy showed that this expansion was caused by pore formation within the samples. All the samples showed a weight decrease at temperatures ≥1000 °C and the temperature at which oxygen release began rose as the A-site deficiency increased. The release of oxygen is likely to be related to pore formation.
PB11 The impact of frequent attenders to the emergency department on “unplanned reattendance rate” & “left without being seen rate” clinical quality indicators
Authors: Lownes S , Jones E 
Published: March 2012

Objectives and BackgroundThe eight new clinical quality indicators of performance for Emergency Departments (EDs) focus on patient satisfaction, patient safety and effectiveness of care. This audit aims to identify the extent to which frequent attenders to the three Heart of England hospitals contributed to two of these new indicators during the 3 months following their implementation. Frequent attenders are the small minority of patients who present to EDs regularly and, for the purpose of this audit, are defined as any patient who presents to the department five or more times in 1 month. A previously unpublished service evaluation within the three departments indicated the extent to which frequent attenders contribute to the workload of the Heart of England Emergency service. This work led to more detailed case review and analysis.MethodPatients who attended more than five times in a calendar month were identified and their notes analysed to identify their “unplanned re-attendance” and “left without being seen” rates. Further analysis shows at which stage during their ED attendance they decided to leave.Results and ConclusionsWithin a 3-month period between April and June, 137 patients attended the departments five times or more per month. Initial analysis suggests that the small number of frequent attenders make a significant contribution to the two new clinical quality indicators, as well as the total work of the department. The full analysis will be presented along with our initial approach to addressing these issues and suggestions for further work.
PB16 Retrospective re-audit of syncope/collapse/falls attendances to an emergency department (ED): scope for improvement
Authors: Ritchie R , Subbiah L , Johny J , Sulaiman T 
Published: March 2012

Objectives and BackgroundThe Emergency Department (ED) of Medway Maritime Hospital recorded a patient census of 82 000 in 2007 and 87 000 in 2010. Syncope/Collapse/Falls are regular presentations with published mortality rates of 10%–15% and up to 30% for general and cardiac-related causes respectively. A Syncope Proforma and improved educational lectures were introduced in 2008 to improve the management of these patients following a retrospective audit in 2007. An electronic Syncope Proforma was available from 2009 with further modifications in 2010. We conducted a re-audit in 2010 to evaluate the impact of these changes on patients' care.MethodThe ED records of patients presenting with Syncope/Collapse/Falls from October 2010 to January 2011 were compared with the January 2007 group. Both were classified using the ACP Syncope Clinical groupings of High, Intermediate, and Low Risk. Patients with trauma, assault, seizures, or substance / alcohol misuse were excluded.ResultThe majority were female (54%) in 2007 and male (58%) in 2010. Cardiac, Musculoskeletal and Neurological conditions accounted for the majority. In-appropriate discharges from High and Intermediate Risk Groups were unremarkable (33% vs 31% & 42% vs 47% respectively) but inappropriate admissions in the Low Risk Groups improved (43% vs 29%). The lack of a cohesive hospital-wide policy, poor hospital bed management, admitting team refusals, poor risk recognition and documentation, poor community and social support, and the impact of performance service targets all weaken departmental initiatives to improve patient care.ConclusionThe ED Syncope Proforma and NICE guidelines failed to improve overall quality of care. The successful management of Syncope/Collapse/Falls requires a hospital-wide operational approach to care and not the sole responsibility for an ED.
PB5 Establishment of a provincial data repository to facilitate reporting performance measurements for Alberta Emergency Departments
Authors: Holroyd B , Bullard M , Lang E , Liss K , Schmid C , Heintz L , Thiessen L , Lighter D , Rowe B 
Published: March 2012

Objectives and BackgroundThe ability to accurately define and measure Emergency Department (ED) patient utilisation and flow parameters, as well as metrics related to patient safety and quality of care are essential to the operations and accountability of emergency patient care delivery. Alberta Health Services (AHS) is responsible for the delivery of health services to 3.7 million people in Alberta (AB), Canada, with total provincial ED visits exceeding 1.9 million/year. The Data Integration, Measurement and Reporting Department of AHS, in collaboration with emergency clinical leadership, has undertaken the development for the AHS Data Repository for Reporting (AHSDRR). This database will provide unique functionality. It can be interrogated by a wide range of stakeholders to yield quality and performance indicator reports with a variety of adjustable filtering parameters, such as patient demographics, institution and region.MethodsThe AHSDRR architecture integrates clinical and administrative data from multiple sources. Data sources will include 11 urban teaching EDs, one freestanding ED, two Urgent Care centers, and four regional EDs utilising ED Information Systems. A comprehensive standardised ED data set from chart abstraction will be included in the AHSDRR for all provincial EDs. ED patient experience survey data and vital statistics data will be incorporated.ResultsWith successful development and testing, AHSDRR Emergency Release 1 became operational on September 15th, 2011.ConclusionsThe AHSDRR represents an innovative opportunity to employ multiple data resources to describe emergency care delivery in Alberta. This system will facilitate standardised reporting of ED performance and quality information in formats compliant with national and international standards. With additional clinical information sources, AHSDRR future applications have considerable growth potential.
PB8 Selection and validation of quality indicators for the Shorter Stays in Emergency Departments National Research Project
Authors: Jones P 
Published: March 2012

Objectives and BackgroundDespite the spread of time targets for Emergency Department (ED) lengths of stay around the world, there have been few studies exploring the effects of such policies on quality of ED care. The Shorter Stays in ED (SSED) National Research Project in New Zealand seeks to address this by assessing the impact of the SSED target in NZ on a range of quality indicators. The purpose of this paper was to identify the indicators for the SSED project and to describe the process used to select and validate these.MethodA structured literature review was used to identify potential indicators. A reference group of 32 key stakeholders representing the whole health system was convened with the aims of validating the suggested indicators and to ensure that other significant indicators were not overlooked. A thematic analysis using a general inductive approach was used to analyse focus group discussions. Validation of the analysis was subsequently sought from the reference group attendees.ResultsThe major themes to emerge were communication, access, timeliness, appropriateness and satisfaction. The 12 indicators selected after literature review were confirmed and two further indicators selected as a result of the thematic analysis. The primary outcomes for the SSED study are hospital and ED lengths of stay and re-presentation to hospital <48 h. The secondary outcomes are: mortality, times to reperfusion, antibiotics, asthma treatment, analgesia, CT for head injury, and theatre (appendicitis and fractured neck of femur), triage time compliance, left without being seen rate, quality of discharge information and ED overcrowding/access block.ConclusionWe have a balanced set of evidence based and clinically relevant indicators that encompass all domains of quality of care with which to measure the effect of the SSED target. This indicator set is consistent with recent international recommendations for measuring quality of care in EDs.
EXAMPLES OF NORM-EUCLIDEAN IDEAL CLASSES
Authors: LEZOWSKI PIERRE 
Published: March 2012

In this paper, we study the notion of norm-Euclidean ideal class, which was defined by Lenstra [Euclidean ideal classes, Astérisque 61 (1979) 121–131]. Using a slight modification of an algorithm determining among other properties the Euclidean minimum described in [P. Lezowski, Computation of the Euclidean minimum of algebraic number fields, preprint (2011); http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00632997/en/], we give new examples of number fields with norm-Euclidean ideal classes. Extending the results of Cioffari [The Euclidean condition in pure cubic and complex quartic fields, Math. Comput. 33 (1979) 389–398], we also establish the complete list of pure cubic number fields which admit a norm-Euclidean ideal class. Finally, we show that [Formula: see text], which is known to admit a non-principal Euclidean ideal class, has no norm-Euclidean ideal class.