bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topographic gradient influences vascular epiphyte occurrence in a small watershed covered by a mature coniferous/broadleaf evergreen mixed forest in Japan
Authors: Seto Mifumi , Higa Motoki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimAt fine scales (<10 km in spatial resolution), only a few studies have evaluated the relationships between abiotic factors and the horizontal occurrence of vascular epiphytes. At fine scales, variation in abiotic variables can be attributed to topographic heterogeneity. For example, air humidity and wind speed are likely to vary along ridge–valley gradients, and differences in slope aspect cause variation in light intensity as well as temperature gradient along an elevation. We tested the hypothesis that the horizontal epiphyte occurrence at fine scales is influenced more by topographic gradients related to abiotic factors than by host tree size and species. We also assessed air humidity variation along the ridge–valley gradient at our study site as a way to explore its possible correlation with the epiphyte occurrence.LocationA coniferous/broadleaf evergreen mixed forest in a humid temperate zone of Kochi, southwest Japan.MethodsWe surveyed epiphyte occurrence on 310 trees and recorded host tree size and species within a 52‐ha watershed with an elevational range of 378–777 m a.s.l. Epiphyte occurrence was modeled using three topographic variables (ridge–valley gradient, slope aspect differences and elevational gradient), host tree size and species. The effect sizes of each variable were then compared. Air humidity was measured on the valley bottom, slope and ridge throughout the year.ResultsEpiphyte occurrence probability increased toward the valley bottom and on larger host trees; it also varied among host tree species. Slope aspect differences and elevational gradient were less effective. The ridge–valley gradient had a greater effect than host tree size on epiphyte occurrence. Air humidity was highest at the valley bottom and lowest on the ridge.ConclusionsHorizontal epiphyte occurrence was driven more by topographic gradient than by host tree size and species in a small watershed covered by a warm‐temperate broadleaf forest. This finding suggests the importance of forests at valley bottoms to support epiphyte occurrence.
Evaluation of post‐activation mandibular remodelling in children with craniofacial microsomia treated with distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Li Xiyuan , Xia Songxia , Li Zhifeng , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivePatients with type IIA craniofacial microsomia (CFM) may benefit from mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) treatment during childhood; however, remodelling of the mandible during the consolidation phase, which may affect the short‐term outcomes of MDO, has not yet been quantitatively analysed using computed tomography. Therefore, we aimed to investigate bone remodelling of the mandible in children with type IIA CFM treated with MDO before distractor removal and the factors that influence ramus vertical elongation efficiency.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐three children with unilateral CFM were studied between 2020 and 2024. Longitudinal computed tomography data (preoperative, end of active phase and at pre‐distractor removal) were analysed. Condyle positions and the mandibular cant were analysed using a paired‐sample t test. The relapse rates of vertical lengthening and mandibular cant were calculated. The correlation between distraction efficiency and preoperative craniofacial morphology was analysed.ResultsThe condyle on the affected side moved upwards and backwards by 28.84 ± 4.08 and 2.85 ± 4.33 mm, respectively during the active phase but lost 7.66 ± 2.64 mm of vertical extension during the consolidation phase. The relapse rates for vertical extension of the condyle and occlusal plane were 27% and 35%, respectively. The ratio of mandibular ramus height was positively related to EV.ConclusionsIn children with CFM, attention should be paid to vertical elongation instability and relapse of mandibular inclination during consolidation. Severe mandibular ramus hypoplasia is a preoperative risk factor for vertical skeletal relapse during consolidation. Further efforts are required to reduce the stress that leads to relapse.
Does Screw Number of Zero‐profile Implants in Fusion Segment Influence Intervertebral Stability?
Authors: Peng Zihan , Deng Yuxiao , Sheng Xiaqing , Liu Hao , Li Ye , Hong Ying , Pan Xiaoli , Meng Yang 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThe unclear clinical outcomes of two different zero‐profile implants with different number of screws in hybrid surgery restricts the choice of patient‐specific implants. This study aims to compare two different implants on its postoperative subsidence, motion stabilization and clinical outcomes. It also provides references to the most reasonable implant choice in fusion surgery.MethodsThis was a retrospective study. From February 2014 to March 2022, 173 patients who underwent hybrid surgery were included. Among them, 122 received surgery with a four screw implant, while 51 received a two screw implant. We analyzed the significance of patient‐specific factors, radiographic factors and clinical outcomes. The Wilcoxon rank sum test, t tests/analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and stepwise multivariate logistic regression were adopted for statistical analysis.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was observed between the two screw and four screw groups in terms of immediate, middle, and long‐term stability and fusion rate (p > 0.05). However, the two screws group had higher FSU height subsidence at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and higher rates of significant subsidence at three and 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). Both groups showed significant clinical improvements at the final follow‐up.ConclusionTwo screw and four screw implants provide comparable stability, fusion rates and clinical outcomes. However, the two screw implant was inferior to the four screw implant in subsidence prevention. Therefore, the two‐screw implant is non‐inferior to the four‐screw implant in most patients. It can be used as the priority choice in the fusion segment by its easy manageability. However, the patients with a high risk of subsidence such as multilevel surgery, the elderly, lower BMD, bad cervical alignment should receive a four screw implant rather than a two screw implant.
Preventing progression of preschool wheezing to asthma: Opportunities for intervention
Authors: Saglani Sejal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecurrent wheezing in preschool children is heterogeneous and results from numerous genetic and environmental risk factors, which result in the same final clinical manifestation of acute episodes of wheezing but have distinct underlying mechanisms. Effective disease‐modifying approaches, therefore, need to target the pathways driving the symptoms. We have good evidence to show that targeting airway eosinophilia alone in early‐life preschool wheezing and using inhaled corticosteroids is not disease‐modifying. Although airway remodelling develops early in preschool wheezing, the challenge is identifying suitable treatments for structural airway changes. There is increasing evidence for the role of lower airway bacterial infection contributing to wheeze episodes, but clinical trials investigating the impact of targeted antibiotic treatment on disease modification are needed. There is also increasing data supporting an association between lower airway neutrophilia and wheezing in a subgroup of preschool children, but direct causation and the role of neutrophil function remain unknown. Finally, there is encouraging preliminary data for the role of inactivated mixed bacterial lysates in children with non‐allergic, infection‐associated wheeze episodes, but the impact on longer‐term outcomes and their mechanism of action is unknown. This review outlines a range of potential novel targets and approaches that may enable secondary prevention of asthma from preschool wheezing. In parallel, the potential for harm when interventions are introduced indiscriminately is highlighted. Some of the challenges that need to be addressed, including trial designs allowing tailored interventions, the need for non‐invasive biomarkers for targeted interventions, and ensuring extended and long‐term follow‐up after intervention, are highlighted.
Photoprotective efficacy of Sunset Yellow via inhibition of type‐I and type‐II pathway under exposure of sunlight
Authors: Singh Saurabh , Mourya Durgesh , Patel Sunil Kumar , Shukla Sachin , Kumar Vijay , Kotian Sumana Y. , Yadav Akhilesh K. , Pandey Alok , Dwivedi Ashish , Tripathi Anurag 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExposure to phototoxicants and photosensitizers can result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and various skin‐related issues such as aging, allergies, and cancer. While several photo‐protectants offer defense against ultraviolet radiation (UV‐R), their effectiveness is often limited by photo‐instability. Sunset Yellow (SY), an FDA‐approved food dye, possesses significant UV‐R and visible light absorption properties. However, its photoprotective potential has remained unexplored. Our investigation reveals that SY exhibits remarkable photostability for up to 8 h under both UV‐R and sunlight. Notably, SY demonstrates the ability to quench ROS, including singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide radicals (), and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) induced by rose bengal, riboflavin and levofloxacin, respectively. Moreover, SY proves effective in protecting against the apoptotic and necrotic cell death induced by the phototoxicant chlorpromazine (CPZ) in HaCaT cells. Further, it was observed that SY imparts photoprotection by inhibiting intracellular ROS generation and calcium release. Genotoxicity evaluation provides additional evidence supporting SY's photoprotective effects against CPZ‐induced DNA damage. In conclusion, these findings underscore the potential of SY as a promising photoprotective agent against the toxic hazards induced by phototoxicants, suggesting its prospective application in the formulation of broad‐spectrum sunscreens.
Resilient austerity? National economic discourses before the pandemic in the European Union
Authors: Moreira Ramalho Tiago , Massart Tom , Crespy Amandine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAfter the euro crisis, politicization patterns led the institutions of the European Union to gradually redirect the bloc's socioeconomic governance away from austerity. It is less clear whether the erosion of austerity was mirrored in national economic discourses. To fill this gap, this article provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of parliamentary budget debates in four country cases: France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Portugal, from 2014 to 2020. The results show contrasting patterns of “fiscal discipline” frame resilience in national economic discourse in ways consistent with intergovernmental bargaining around the pandemic recovery agenda. Moreover, shared preoccupations relating to investment in the economy, social inequality, and climate change emerge as major threads shaping budget making. These findings suggest an increasingly integrated multi‐level system of economic governance and call for further investigation into the links between ideas shaping EU economic governance and economic discourses in member states.Related ArticlesPi Ferrer, Laia, and Pertti Alasuutari. 2019. “The Spread and Domestication of the Term ‘Austerity:’ Evidence from the Portuguese and Spanish Parliaments.” Politics & Policy 47(6): 1039–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12331.Zamponi, Lorenzo, and Lorenzo Bosi. 2016. “Which Crisis? European Crisis and National Contexts in Public Discourse.” Politics & Policy 44(3): 400–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12156.
Neuro‐cardiac‐guided transcranial magnetic stimulation: Unveiling the modulatory effects of low‐frequency and high‐frequency stimulation on heart rate
Authors: Jiao Yunyun , Cheng Chen , Jia Mengnan , Chu Zhaoyang , Song Xiaoyu , Zhang Mengkai , Xu Heng , Zeng Xiao , Sun Jin‐Bo , Qin Wei , Yang Xue‐Juan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is pivotal in the field of major depressive disorder treatment. Due to its unsatisfied response rate, an increasing number of researchers have turned their attention towards optimizing TMS site localization. Since the influence of TMS in reducing heart rate (HR) offers insights into its regulatory impact on the autonomic nervous system, a novel approach, called neurocardiac‐guided TMS (NCG–TMS), has been proposed to pinpoint the brain region eliciting the maximal individual reduction in HR as a personalized optimal stimulation target. The present study intends to systematically explore the effects of stimulation frequency, left and right hemispheres, stimulation positions, and individual differences on HR modulation using the NCG–TMS method. In experiment 1, low‐frequency TMS was administered to 30 subjects, and it was found that low‐frequency NCG–TMS significantly downregulated HR, with more significant effects in the right hemisphere than in the left hemisphere and the prefrontal cortex than in other brain areas. In experiment 2, high‐frequency NCG–TMS stimulation was administered to 30 subjects, showing that high‐frequency NCG–TMS also downregulated HR and had the greatest modulatory effect in the right prefrontal region. Simultaneously, both experiments revealed sizeable individual variability in the optimal stimulation site, which in turn validated the feasibility of the NCG–TMS method. In conclusion, the present experiments independently replicated the effect of NCG–TMS, provided an effect of high‐/low‐frequency TMS stimulation to downregulate HR, and identified a right lateralization of the HR modulation effect.
Back to the roots of perceived burdensomeness: The potential role of perceived contribution
Authors: Hill Ryan M. , Tucker Raymond P. , Hendley Tyler , Starkey Austin , Pettit Jeremy W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Interpersonal‐Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS), identifies perceived burdensomeness as a critical factor in the development of suicidal ideation. Measurement of perceived burdensomeness using the INQ in research has predominantly focused on liability toward others. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of perceived contribution toward others as an aspect of perceived burdensomeness. This study proposes a hypothesized transactional model of perceived burdensomeness, in which perceived burdensomeness can be viewed as the balance between perceived contributions and perceived liability to others.MethodParticipants (n = 1112) were college students (M age = 18.86 years, SD = 1.50) who completed survey measures. Participants were predominantly cisgender women (73.6%), heterosexual (78.8%), and white (58.3%).ResultsPerceived contribution was negatively associated with perceived burdensomeness, suicidal ideation, and psychological pain after controlling for perceived liability. Further, the difference between perceived contributions and perceived liability accounted for variability in suicidal ideation after controlling for INQ perceived burdensomeness.DiscussionThe inclusion of perceived contribution as an element of perceived burdensomeness may offer new opportunities for clinical formulation and intervention. Future research is needed to further evaluate the proposed transactional model of perceived burdensomeness.
Poly‐d,l‐lactic acid‐enhanced atrophic scar treatment via transdermal microjet drug delivery in Asians
Authors: Seo Suk Bae , Wan Jovian , Chan Lisa Kwin Wah , Lee Kar Wai Alvin , Kim Soo‐Bin , Yi Kyu‐Ho 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris often results in permanent scars, with atrophic scars being the most common type and posing a significant therapeutic challenge due to their prevalence and impact on patients' quality of life. Various treatment options exist, including the use of poly‐d,l‐lactic acid delivered via different methods.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of poly‐d,l‐lactic acid delivered via laser‐assisted needle‐free microjet injection for treating atrophic scars.MethodsFive Korean participants with atrophic facial scars were recruited. Poly‐d,l‐lactic acid solution was administered via the Mirajet system in five sessions, with clinical assessments conducted at baseline, before each session, and at 12‐week and 22‐week follow‐ups. Outcome measures included the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale and patient satisfaction scores.ResultsPositive results were observed at the 12‐week and 22‐week follow‐ups, with high patient satisfaction and improvements in atrophic scars and skin texture. Mild discomfort and transient side effects were reported, with no adverse events observed during the follow‐up period.ConclusionPoly‐d,l‐lactic acid delivered by a laser‐assisted needle‐free microjet injector was judged to be effective for improving atrophic the facial area. Further research, particularly through randomized controlled trials, is needed to validate these findings and assess the longer‐term safety and sustainability of outcomes.
A shallow‐scale phylogenomics approach reveals repeated patterns of diversification among sympatric lineages of cryptic Neotropical aquatic beetles (Coleoptera: Noteridae)
Authors: Baca Stephen M. , Gustafson Grey T. , DeRaad Devon A. , Alexander Alana , Hime Paul M. , Short Andrew E. Z. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Notomicrus traili species group (Coleoptera: Noteridae) is a lineage of aquatic beetles distributed throughout South America and extends into Mexico and the West Indies. Previous research has revealed a species complex within this group, with multiple distinct clades sharing overlapping distributions and lineages attributed to N. traili and the closely related Notomicrus gracilipes recovered as polyphyletic. Here, we perform targeted capture of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to examine relationships and patterns of evolution within the N. traili group. First, we use short‐read whole‐genome sequencing of four noterid genera to design a noterid‐specific UCE probe set (Noteridae 3.4Kv1) targeting over 3400 unique loci. Using this probe set, we capture UCE data from population‐level sampling of 44 traili group specimens from across the Neotropics, with an emphasis on the Guiana Shield where distributions of several putative N. traili group populations overlap. We subject the resulting data matrix to various trimming and data completeness treatments and reconstruct the phylogeny with both concatenated maximum likelihood and coalescent congruent methods. We recover robust phylogenetic estimates that identify several phylogenetically distinct clades within the traili group that share overlapping distributions. To test for the genetic distinctiveness of populations, we extract single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from UCE alignments using a chimeric reference method to map UCE‐enriched reads and examine patterns of genetic clustering using principal component analyses (PCAs) and STRUCTURE. Population genetic results are highly concordant with recovered phylogenetic structure, revealing a high degree of co‐ancestry shared within identified clades, contrasting with limited ancestry sharing between clades. We recover a pattern consistent with repeated diversification and dispersal of the traili group in the Neotropics, highlighting the efficacy of a tailored UCE approach for facilitating shallow‐scale phylogenetic reconstructions and population genetic analyses, which can reveal novel aspects of coleopteran phylogeography.
Anthocyanin glucosylation mediated by a glycoside hydrolase family 3 protein in purple carrot
Authors: Koga Shun‐ya , Miyahara Taira , Nishizaki Yuzo , Tamura Kotaro , Okamoto Emi , Kawagishi Hiroaki , Sakurai Kaori , Kaneko Yumika , Kumakubo Ryota , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Ozeki Yoshihiro , Sasaki Nobuhiro 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYPurple carrot accumulates anthocyanins modified with galactose, xylose, glucose, and sinapic acid. Most of the genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis have been identified, except for the glucosyltransferase genes involved in the step before the acylation in purple carrot. Anthocyanins are commonly glycosylated in reactions catalyzed by UDP‐sugar‐dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Although many studies have been conducted on UGTs, the glucosylation of carrot anthocyanins remains unknown. Acyl‐glucose‐dependent glucosyltransferase activity modifying cyanidin 3‐xylosylgalactoside was detected in the crude protein extract prepared from purple carrot cultured cells. In addition, the corresponding enzyme was purified. The cDNA encoding this glucosyltransferase was isolated based on the partial amino acid sequence of the purified protein. The recombinant protein produced in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves via agroinfiltration exhibited anthocyanin glucosyltransferase activity. This glucosyltransferase belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3). The expression pattern of the gene encoding this GH3‐type anthocyanin glucosyltransferase was consistent with anthocyanin accumulation in carrot tissues and cultured cells.
The ethylene‐responsive transcription factor ERF024 is a novel regulator of climacteric fruit ripening in melon
Authors: Santo Domingo Miguel , Orduña Luis , Navarro David , Mayobre Carlos , Santiago Antonio , Valverde Laura , Alexiou Konstantinos G. , Matus José Tomás , Pujol Marta , Garcia‐Mas Jordi 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYFruit ripening is an essential developmental stage in Angiosperms triggered by hormonal signals such as ethylene, a major player in climacteric ripening. Melon is a unique crop showing both climacteric and non‐climacteric cultivars, offering an ideal model for dissecting the genetic mechanisms underpinning this process. The major quantitative trait locus ETHQV8.1 was previously identified as a key regulator of melon fruit ripening. Here, we narrowed down ETHQV8.1 to a precise genomic region containing a single gene, the transcription factor CmERF024. Functional validation using CRISPR/Cas9 knock‐out plants unequivocally identified CmERF024 as the causal gene governing ETHQV8.1. The erf024 mutants exhibited suppression of ethylene production, leading to a significant delay and attenuation of fruit ripening. Integrative multi‐omic analyses encompassing RNA‐seq, DAP‐seq, and DNase‐seq revealed the association of CmERF024 with chromatin accessibility and gene expression dynamics throughout fruit ripening. Our data suggest CmERF024 as a novel regulator of climacteric fruit ripening in melon.