bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐factor analysis of the quality of cellar mud of Luzhou‐flavor liquor in Yibin production area
Authors: Han Baolin , Zhou Weitao , Chen Rangfang , Tian Shulin , Gong Hucheng , Wang Yu , Xu Qiang , Bian Minghong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to conduct a thorough scientific investigation into the similarities and differences in the quality of the cellars of different Luzhou‐flavor liquor wineries in Yibin production area and the reasons for them. This study analyzed cellar mud samples from five wineries in Yibin production area. The analysis of volatile flavor compounds was carried out using headspace solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The bacterial and archaeal community structures and their correlations were analyzed by high‐throughput sequencing. The study indicates that the Distillery A had the highest levels of ammonium nitrogen and effective phosphorus, Distillery F had the highest humus levels, and Distillery I had the highest pH levels. The community structure of the principal bacterial and archaeal communities in the five subterranean clays exhibited similarity, and all samples were dominated by Firmicutes as the primary bacterial group. However, there was variation in bacterial abundance. The cellar mud also has obvious regional differences, and there are three genera of differentially dominant archaea in the archaea. In summary, significant differences were observed in the physicochemical indexes of bacterial and archaeal abundance across all five samples. These differences led to variations in both the content and composition of volatile constituents.
Aqueous extract‐mediated green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles: Potential anti‐tuberculosis agents
Authors: Zamanian Zohreh , Tajbakhsh Elahe , Arbab Soleimani Nazila , Ghasemian AbdolMajid 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe emergence of drug‐resistant strains in tuberculosis treatment underscores the urgency for novel therapeutic approaches. This study investigates the anti‐tuberculosis activity of green‐synthesized copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) using garlic and astragalus extracts. The physicochemical characterization of the nanoparticles confirms successful synthesis, followed by assessment of their antibacterial properties and safety profile. Rats infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis are treated with nanocomposites derived from garlic extract at doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight. Evaluation includes the analysis of Early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa (ESAT‐6) expression and confirmation of antibodies through molecular assays. Administration of garlic and nanocomposites demonstrates significant inhibitory effects on tuberculosis progression in rats, validated by safety assessments and antibacterial efficacy. Notably, the 100 mg/kg dosage exhibits pronounced mitigation of tuberculosis‐induced oxidative stress and lung damage. In conclusion, the combined administration of garlic extracts and green‐synthesized nanocomposites shows promising efficacy in reducing tuberculosis infection, highlighting a potential avenue for anti‐tuberculosis interventions.
Cervical cancer: Challenges and prevention strategies: A narrative review
Authors: Tsige Abate Wondesen , Beyene Dessale Abate 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infections that continue to exist are the main cause of cervical cancer (CC), two‐thirds of CC occurrences worldwide are caused by HPV 16 and HPV 18, and 99.7% of CC tumors are linked to oncogenic HPV infection. To identify challenges of CC and its prevention and treatment modalities.MethodsThis review examined the epidemiology, predisposing factors, genetic factors, clinical assessment methods, current treatment options, and prevention approaches for CC. We had perform a narrative data synthesis rather than a pooled analysis. A thorough literature search in pertinent databases related to CC was done with the inclusion of data that were published in the English language.ResultsEarly detection of CC is of utmost importance to detect precancerous lesions at an early stage. Therefore, all responsible agencies concerned with health should make all women aware of the benefits of CC screening and educate the general public. HPV vaccination coverage is very low in resource‐limited settings.ConclusionTo achieve the goal of eliminating CC as a public health problem in 2030, the World Health Organization will pay special attention to increasing HPV vaccination coverage throughout the world. To further improve HPV vaccine acceptability among parents and their children, safety‐related aspects of the HPV vaccine should be further investigated through post‐marketing surveillance and multicentre randomized clinical trials.
Direct, Quantitative, and Base‐Resolution Sequencing of DNA and RNA Modifications
Authors: Xu Haiqi , Song Chun‐Xiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCellular DNA and RNA are decorated with diverse chemical modifications, which add new layers to gene regulation and play crucial roles across development and disease progression. Interest in understanding the functions of DNA and RNA modifications, as well as the related molecular mechanisms, has been growing, driving progress in developing chemical and biochemical tools to detect specific modifications. New technologies are important not only for uncovering biological functions, but also for driving conceptual revolutions. In this review, we highlighted our recent advances in developing new chemical tools to detect DNA and RNA modifications in a direct, quantitative, and base‐resolution manner. These includes a novel borane reduction chemistry for DNA methylation sequencing; new cytosine modificaiton oxdation chemistry for enhanced DNA hydroxymethylation sequencing; and a novel bromoacrylamide cyclization chemistry for RNA pseudouridylation sequencing. We present a mechanistic overview of these tools and their applications in epigenetic and epitranscriptomic research.
Everything you wanted to know about ChatGPT: Components, capabilities, applications, and opportunities
Authors: Heidari Arash , Navimipour Nima Jafari , Zeadally Sherali , Chamola Vinay 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing have advanced significantly with the creation of a Generative Pre‐trained Transformer (ChatGPT) by OpenAI. ChatGPT uses deep learning techniques like transformer architecture and self‐attention mechanisms to replicate human speech and provide coherent and appropriate replies to the situation. The model mainly depends on the patterns discovered in the training data, which might result in incorrect or illogical conclusions. In the context of open‐domain chats, we investigate the components, capabilities constraints, and potential applications of ChatGPT along with future opportunities. We begin by describing the components of ChatGPT followed by a definition of chatbots. We present a new taxonomy to classify them. Our taxonomy includes rule‐based chatbots, retrieval‐based chatbots, generative chatbots, and hybrid chatbots. Next, we describe the capabilities and constraints of ChatGPT. Finally, we present potential applications of ChatGPT and future research opportunities. The results showed that ChatGPT, a transformer‐based chatbot model, utilizes encoders to produce coherent responses.
A review on manufacturing processes of cobalt‐chromium alloy implants and its impact on corrosion resistance and biocompatibility
Authors: Mani Gopinath , Porter Deanna , Collins Shell , Schatz Tim , Ornberg Andreas , Shulfer Robert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCobalt‐Chromium (CoCr) alloys are currently used for various cardiovascular, orthopedic, fracture fixation, and dental implants. A variety of processes such as casting, forging, wrought processing, hot isostatic pressing, metal injection molding, milling, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting are used in the manufacture of CoCr alloy implants. The microstructure and precipitates (carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, and intermetallic compounds) formed within the alloy are primarily determined by the type of manufacturing process employed. Although the effects of microstructure and precipitates on the physical and mechanical properties of CoCr alloys are well reviewed and documented in the literature, the effects on corrosion resistance and biocompatibility are not comprehensively reviewed. This article reviews the various processes used to manufacture CoCr alloy implants and discusses the effects of manufacturing processes on corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. This review concludes that the microstructure and precipitates formed in the alloy are unique to the manufacturing process employed and have a significant impact on the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of CoCr alloys. Additionally, a historical and scientific overview of corrosion and biocompatibility for metallic implants is included in this review. Specifically, the failure of CoCr alloys when used in metal‐on‐metal bearing surfaces of total hip replacements is highlighted. It is recommended that the type of implant/application (orthopedic, dental, cardiovascular, etc.) should be the first and foremost factor to be considered when selecting biomaterials for medical device development.
A practical guide to the implementation of AI in orthopaedic research, Part 6: How to evaluate the performance of AI research?
Authors: Oettl Felix C. , Pareek Ayoosh , Winkler Philipp W. , Zsidai Bálint , Pruneski James A. , Senorski Eric Hamrin , Kopf Sebastian , Ley Christophe , Herbst Elmar , Oeding Jacob F. , Grassi Alberto , Hirschmann Michael T. , Musahl Volker , Samuelsson Kristian , Tischer Thomas , Feldt Robert ,   ESSKA Artificial Intelligence Working Group
Published: May 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence's (AI) accelerating progress demands rigorous evaluation standards to ensure safe, effective integration into healthcare's high‐stakes decisions. As AI increasingly enables prediction, analysis and judgement capabilities relevant to medicine, proper evaluation and interpretation are indispensable. Erroneous AI could endanger patients; thus, developing, validating and deploying medical AI demands adhering to strict, transparent standards centred on safety, ethics and responsible oversight. Core considerations include assessing performance on diverse real‐world data, collaborating with domain experts, confirming model reliability and limitations, and advancing interpretability. Thoughtful selection of evaluation metrics suited to the clinical context along with testing on diverse data sets representing different populations improves generalisability. Partnering software engineers, data scientists and medical practitioners ground assessment in real needs. Journals must uphold reporting standards matching AI's societal impacts. With rigorous, holistic evaluation frameworks, AI can progress towards expanding healthcare access and quality.Level of EvidenceLevel V.
PFAS fate using lysimeters during degraded soil reclamation using biosolids
Authors: Peter Lynda , Modiri‐Gharehveran Mahsa , Alvarez‐Campos Odiney , Evanylo Gregory K. , Lee Linda S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCarbon‐ and nutrient‐rich biosolids are used in agriculture and land reclamation. However, per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) typically present in biosolids raise concerns of PFAS leaching to groundwater and plant uptake. Here, we investigated PFAS persistence and leaching from biosolids applied to a site constructed artificially to mimic degraded soils. Treatments included biosolids and biosolids blended with mulch applied at different rates to attain either one and five times the agronomic N rate for vegetable crops and a control treatment with synthetic urea and triple superphosphate fertilizer. Leachates were collected for a 2‐year period from 15‐cm depth zero‐tension drainage lysimeters. Soils were analyzed post biosolids application. PFAS were quantified using isotope‐dilution, solid‐phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Leachate profiles exemplified an initial high total PFAS concentration, followed by a sharp decline and subsequent small fluctuations attributed to pre‐existing soil conditions and rainfall patterns. Quantifiable PFAS in leachate were proportional to biosolids application rates. Short‐chain perfluoroalkyl acids (CF2 < 6) were dominant in leachate, while the percentage of longer chains homologues was higher in soils. A 43% biosolids blend with mulch resulted in 21% lower PFAS leachate concentrations even with the blend application rate being 1.5 times higher than biosolids due to the blend's lower N‐content. The blending effect was more pronounced for long‐chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids that have a greater retention by soils and the air–water interface. Biosolids blending as a pragmatic strategy for reducing PFAS leachate concentrations may aid in the sustainable beneficial reuse of biosolids.
Free‐Breathing Functional Pulmonary Proton MRI: A Novel Approach Using Voxel‐Wise Lung Ventilation (VOLVE) Assessment in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Peggs Zachary J.T. , Brooke Jonathan P. , Bolton Charlotte E. , Hall Ian P. , Francis Susan T. , Gowland Penny A. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundIn respiratory medicine, there is a need for sensitive measures of regional lung function that can be performed using standard imaging technology, without the need for inhaled or intravenous contrast agents.PurposeTo describe VOxel‐wise Lung VEntilation (VOLVE), a new method for quantifying regional lung ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q) using free‐breathing proton MRI, and to evaluate VOLVE in healthy never‐smokers, healthy people with smoking history, and people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Study TypeProspective pilot.PopulationTwelve healthy never‐smoker participants (age 30.3 ± 12.5 years, five male), four healthy participants with smoking history (>10 pack‐years) (age 42.5 ± 18.3 years, one male), and 12 participants with COPD (age 62.8 ± 11.1 years, seven male).Field Strength/SequenceSingle‐slice free‐breathing two‐dimensional fast field echo sequence at 3 T.AssessmentA novel postprocessing was developed to evaluate the MR signal changes in the lung parenchyma using a linear regression‐based approach, which makes use of all the data in the time series for maximum sensitivity. V/Q‐weighted maps were produced by computing the cross‐correlation, lag and gradient between the respiratory/cardiac phase time course and lung parenchyma signal time courses. A comparison of histogram median and skewness values and spirometry was performed.Statistical TestsKruskal–Wallis tests with Dunn's multiple comparison tests to compare VOLVE metrics between groups; Spearman correlation to assess the correlation between MRI and spirometry‐derived parameters; and Bland–Altman analysis and coefficient of variation to evaluate repeatability were used. A P‐value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsSignificant differences between the groups were found for ventilation between healthy never‐smoker and COPD groups (median XCCV, LagV, and GradV) and perfusion (median XCCQ, LagQ, and GradQ). Minimal bias and no significant differences between intravisit scans were found (P range = 0.12–0.97).Data ConclusionThis preliminary study showed that VOLVE has potential to provide metrics of function quantification.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Long‐term antiviral therapy is associated with changes in the profile of transcriptionally active HBV integration in the livers of patients with CHB
Authors: Wen Xiajie , Wu Xiaoning , Sun Yameng , Zhou Jialing , Guan Guiwen , Chen Shuyan , Shan Shan , Ma Hong , Zhao Xinyan , Wang Yu , Ou Xiaojuan , You Hong , Guo Ju‐Tao , Lu Fengmin , Jia Jidong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) integration exists throughout the clinical course of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study investigated the effects of long‐term antiviral therapy on the level and profiles of transcriptionally active HBV integration. Serial liver biopsies and paired blood samples were obtained from 16, 16, and 22 patients with CHB at baseline, 78, and 260 weeks of entecavir monotherapy or combined with pegylated interferon alfa, respectively. Serum HBV biomarkers were longitudinally assessed. RNA‐seq and HIVID2 program was used to identify HBV‐host chimeric RNAs transcribed from integrated DNA. The counts of HBV integration reads were positively related to both serum HBV DNA levels (r = 0.695, p = 0.004) and HBeAg titers (r = 0.724, p = 0.021) at baseline, but the positive correlation exited only to the serum HBsAg levels after 260 weeks of antiviral therapy (r = 0.662, p = 0.001). After 78 weeks of antiviral therapy, the levels of HBV integration expression decreased by 12.25 folds from baseline. The viral junction points were enriched at the S and HBx genes after the long‐term antiviral therapy. HBs‐FN1 became one of the main transcripts, with the mean proportion of HBs‐FN1 in all integrated expression increased from 2.79% at baseline to 10.54% at Week 260 of antiviral treatment. Antiviral therapy may reduce but not eliminate the HBV integration events and integration expression. Certain integration events, such as HBs‐FN1 can persist in long‐term antiviral treatment.
Gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS) technique and its recent applications in grain research
Authors: Ma Chao , Nie Honglei , Liu Ling‐Xiao , Wang Fu‐Rong , Chen Yingjie , Zhang Wenmeng , Liu Yun‐Guo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGrains are the primary source of food for most people worldwide and constitute a major source of carbohydrates. Many novel technologies are being employed to ensure the safety and reliability of grain supply and production. Gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS) can effectively separate and sensitively detect volatile organic compounds. It possesses advantages such as speed, convenience, high sensitivity, no pretreatment, and wide applicability. In recent years, many studies have shown that the application of GC‐IMS technology for grain flavor analysis can play a crucial role in grains. This article elucidates the working principle of GC‐IMS technology, reviews the application of GC‐IMS in grains in the past 5 years. GC‐IMS technology is mainly applied in four aspects in grains. In grain classification, it distinguishes varieties, quality, origin, production year, and processing methods based on the trace differences in volatile organic compounds, thereby fulfilling various grain classification requirements such as origin tracing, geographical indication product recognition, variety identification, production year identification, and detection of counterfeit and inferior grain samples. In optimizing the processing technology of grains and their products, it can improve food flavor, reduce undesirable flavors, and identify better processing parameters. In grain storage, it can determine the storage time, detect spoilage phenomena such as mold and discoloration during storage, eliminate pests affecting storage, and predict the vitality of seeds after storage. In aroma evaluation of grains and their processed products, it can assess the impact of new raw materials, new technologies, fermentation processes, and even oral processing on the quality of grain products. This article also summarizes the characteristics of GC‐IMS technology, compiles typical grain flavor compounds, and provides prospects for the future application of GC‐IMS. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Alien species water hyacinth realizes waste into treasure: The preparation of biomass sorbent to determine benzoylurea insecticides in tea products
Authors: Liu Hongmei , Ye Baogui , Zhao Zhongwei , Liu Mengyun , Fan Fangbin , Tao Caihong 
Published: May 2024

A fast and effective analytical method with biomass solid‐phase microextraction sorbent combined with a high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet detector was proposed for the determination of benzoylurea (BU) insecticides in tea products. The novel sorbent was prepared by activating and then carbonizing water hyacinth with a fast growth rate and low application value as raw material and showed a high specific surface area and multiple interactions with analytes, such as electrostatic action, hydrogen bonding, and π‐π conjugation. After optimizing the three most important extraction parameters (pH [X1], sample loading rate [X2], and solution volume [X3]) by Box‐Behnken design, the as‐established analytical method showed good extraction performance: excellent recovery (80.13%–106.66%) and wide linear range (1–400 µg/L) with a determination coefficient of 0.9992–0.9999, a low limit of detection of 0.02–0.1 µg/L and the satisfactory practical application results in tea products. All these indicate that the water hyacinth‐derived material has the potential as a solid‐phase extraction sorbent for the detection and removal of BU insecticides from tea products, and at the same time, it can also achieve the effect of rational use of biological resources, maintaining ecological balance, turning waste into treasure, and achieving industrial production.
Non‐invasive quantitative assessment of induced component displacement can safely and accurately diagnose tibial component loosening in patients: A prospective diagnostic study
Authors: Buijs George S. , Kievit Arthur J. , Ter Wee Maaike A. , Magg Caroline , Dobbe Johannes G. G. , Streekstra Geert J. , Schafroth Matthias U. , Blankevoort Leendert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeAseptic loosening often requires major, expensive and invasive revision surgery. Current diagnostic modalities merely show indirect signs of loosening. A recent proof of concept study proposed a non‐invasive technique for the quantitative and visual assessment of implant movement as a diagnostic aid for tibial component loosening. The primary research question addressed is whether this novel diagnostic modality can safely and effectively aid the diagnosis of aseptic loosening.MethodsThis clinical study included patients suspected of aseptic total knee arthroplasty (TKA) loosening listed for revision surgery and asymptomatic patients. Safety was evaluated using a numerical rating scale (NRS) for discomfort and by registration of adverse events. Feasibility was assessed by recording the duration and ease of the procedure. Intra‐ and interrater reliability were evaluated. In symptomatic patients, diagnostic accuracy metrics were evaluated with intra‐operative assessment as a reference test.ResultsIn total, 34 symptomatic and 38 asymptomatic knees with a TKA were analysed. The median NRS for discomfort during loading was 6 (interquartile range [IQR]: 3.75–7.00) in symptomatic patients and 2 (IQR: 1.00–3.00) in asymptomatic patients. No adverse events were reported. The majority of users found the use of the loading device easy. The median time spent in the computed tomography room was 9 min (IQR: 8.00–11.00). Excellent to good intra‐ and interrater reliabilities were achieved. Diagnostic accuracy analysis resulted in a sensitivity of 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72–0.97) and a specificity of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.43–0.90).ConclusionsThe proposed diagnostic method is safe, feasible, reliable and accurate in aiding the diagnosis of aseptic tibial component loosening.Level of EvidenceLevel II.