bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the Spatial Structure of the Agricultural Production Function
Authors: Singh Surendra 
Published: November 2010

Important characteristics of spatial agricultural production functions are derived by introducing a non‐negative curvilinear spatial demand function for production input intensities. Given the usual neoclassical rationale assumptions of spatial demand for capital and labor inputs under competitive environment of farming in developing agricultural economies, the optimal production levels are determined by optimizing spatial demand for production inputs. Decreasing price‐to‐transport costs ratio (that is, decrease in the prices of capital goods or increase in freight rates) and increasing wage‐to‐travel costs ratio (that is, increase in labor wages or decrease in the travel rate) expand the limits of the (spatial) optimal boundary of the demand for agricultural capital goods and labor input respectively. These effects occur on account of the operation of (positive) spatial price gradient and (negative) wage‐gradient in the market region. It may be noted that elasticities of demand for production factors are spatially variant and have significant effects on the alterations in the structure of agricultural production. However, the spatial optimal solution of production has a complicated relationship with them. The price elasticity has negative and wage elasticity has positive spatial gradients in the market region. Farmers located in the periphery of the market region are not much affected by the proportionate changes occurring in the prices of agricultural capital goods but are more sensitive to the proportional changes in labor wages.Because of a decreasing trend in capital input demand and increase in labor input with distance from the market, capital‐product diminishes with a decreasing rate and labor‐product increases with an increasing rate in the spatial structure of agricultural production. As a result, capital‐labor ratio falls toward zero, which raises profit rate per unit of capital investment especially in the outer part of the market region. The equilibria of optimal production with price elasticity as well as of capital intensity with labor employment (that is, capital‐labor ratio as unity) determine spatial limits of the optimal production zone which is shifted outward subject to the provision of cheap transportation, stabilizing market prices and/or increasing wage rate at the market center. It will help in extending outwardly the optimal spatial limits of capital investment and will mobilize capital resources of farmers in the periphery for efficient and competitive capital‐dominated farming.
Recollection of Pain Due to Inappropriate Versus Appropriate Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Shocks
Authors: MARCUS GREGORY M. , CHAN DERRICK W. , REDBERG RITA F. 
Published: November 2010

Background:
Although inappropriate shocks are known to be an important consequence of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs), the subjective experience of pain intensity perceived by those receiving inappropriate versus appropriate shocks has not previously been examined.
Methods:
One hundred ICD patients underwent a standardized interview by an investigator blinded to the clinical history. Patients with a previous ICD shock were asked to describe the intensity of the associated pain on a standard 0–10 scale (10 being the worst pain they had ever experienced). Medical charts were then examined for any history of inappropriate and/or appropriate ICD discharges.
Results:
Thirty‐five of the 100 patients had a record of at least one ICD shock, and 17 had experienced at least one inappropriate shock. Those with a history of an inappropriate shock described a significantly higher median pain scale (9, interquartile range [IQR] 8–10) compared to those with a history of only appropriate shocks (median 4, IQR 2–8, P = 0.0011). In multivariable analysis, a history of an inappropriate shock was the only predictor statistically significantly associated with an increase in shock pain: the pain scale for those with inappropriate shocks was higher by 2.8 points on average after multivariable adjustment (95% confidence interval 0.29–5, P = 0.030). Eighteen patients had considered having their device deactivated, and a history of an inappropriate shock was the only factor independently associated with this consideration.
Conclusions:
Compared to those who have received only appropriate shocks, inappropriate ICD shocks are associated with a recollection of greater pain and consideration of device inactivation. (PACE 2011; 34:348–353)
“Good Enough Stories”: Helping Couples Invest in One Another's Growth
Authors: SKERRETT KAREN 
Published: November 2010

All abstracts are available in Spanish and Mandarin Chinese on Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1545‐5300). Please pass this information on to your international colleagues and students.This article utilizes key constructs of the narrative metaphor: that stories organize, structure, and give meaning to events in our lives. When stories are used as a way to understand the lives of couples, they have the potential for enhancing individual and relational growth. It is proposed that knowing both our own and our partner's story and development goals increases the likelihood of making an investment in self/other and relational growth. It is further suggested that helping couples develop narratives with a sense of “We” promotes a more generative perspective. These ideas were developed in a small qualitative pilot study with long‐married, middle‐class, heterosexual couples, which suggested that the synthesis of each partner's life story into a couple story promoted individual and relational development. Implications for therapeutic work with couples are presented as well as specific recommendations for ways to utilize the life story approach as an aspect of treatment. It is intended to assist clinicians and teachers in translating narrative ideas into therapeutic work with couples.
Is There Hidden Potential for Rural Population Growth in Sweden?
Authors: Niedomysl Thomas , Amcoff Jan 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRural depopulation is a concern in many countries, and various policy initiatives have been taken to combat such trends. This article examines whether hidden potential for rural population growth can be found in Sweden. If such potential exists, it implies that the development prospects for many rural areas are not as unpromising as they may seem today. If not, rapid rural depopulation can be expected and policymakers will have to increase their focus on how to lessen problems associated with population decline. We employ a combination of survey data and register data to identify the characteristics of people who have expressed a desire to move to rural areas and compare this population with those who actually do move to these areas. The results show that more people have rural residential preferences than the actual number of migrants to rural areas suggest. The findings indicate that there is a general potential for rural population growth; however, the characteristics of these two groups are similar and we cannot discern any group as constituting this hidden potential. Nonetheless, we argue that this potential is unlikely to be realized in terms of rural population growth and we discuss the further implications of these findings.
Complete rupture of anal sphincter in primiparas: long‐term effects and subsequent delivery
Authors: WEGNELIUS GISELA , HAMMARSTRÖM MARGARETA 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Objective. To study long‐term effects with respect to anal incontinence, pain, attitude to and mode of second delivery following complete rupture of the anal sphincter. Design. Case‐control study. Settings. Södersjukhuset, a university hospital in Stockholm. Population. A case group of 136 primiparas who had experienced a complete rupture of the anal sphincter. Two matched control groups of primiparas, one of whom had cesarean section and the other a normal vaginal delivery. Methods. The case women were examined and asked for symptoms of anal incontinence 3–6 months after delivery; 3–8 years later they and two matched control groups answered a postal questionnaire. Response rate was 89%. Main outcome measures. Symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction and, as secondary end‐point, the attitude to and mode of second delivery. Results. Anal incontinence after delivery was reported by 31% in the case group, and at long‐term follow‐up by 54% in the case group, 21% in the cesarean section and 23% in the normal delivery group (p < 0.0001). A wish to postpone or abandon further childbirth was significantly more common in the case women (33 and 18%) than in the other groups, but about 60% delivered again in all groups. In the case group, the next delivery was by cesarean section in 49%. Conclusion. At long‐term follow‐up after a complete rupture of the anal sphincter, anal incontinence was common and many women wished to postpone or avoid further delivery.
Neonatal complications and risk factors among women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: SCHNEIDER SVEN , HOEFT BIRGIT , FREERKSEN NELE , FISCHER BURKHARD , ROEHRIG SILKE , YAMAMOTO SHELBY , MAUL HOLGER 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Objective. This study aimed to identify risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and assess the effects of GDM on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Material and methods. This was a cross‐sectional study using data from the German Perinatal Quality Registry, which is a complete national registry containing information on all hospital births across Germany. The Registry for 2006 contains data on a complete birth cohort of 668,085 newborn infants and 647,392 mothers from all 896 German hospitals. All data were taken from maternity log records and analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Each recorded case of GDM was identified by a gynecologist or in hospital. Results. The prevalence of GDM was 2.3% (14,990 of 647,385). High‐risk groups were migrants, women of lower socioeconomic status (adjusted odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.28) and obese women (adjusted odds ratio 4.96, 95% confidence interval 4.70–5.24). A higher risk of fetal malformations was found for those diagnosed with GDM (adjusted odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.15–1.53). Conclusion. The higher risk of fetal malformations with GDM suggests that many of these women may have high glucose levels even during the first trimester. Policies and interventions regarding prenatal care should therefore focus not only on how better diagnostic and treatment procedures can be implemented, but also on how they can reach older and migrant women as well as women of lower socioeconomic status.
Accommodating scenarios of climate change and management in modelling the distribution of the invasive tree Schinus molle in South Africa
Authors: Richardson David M. , Iponga Donald M. , Roura‐Pascual Núria , Krug Rainer M. , Milton Suzanne J. , Hughes Gregory O. , Thuiller Wilfried 
Published: November 2010

Determining the potential range of invasive alien species under current conditions is important. However, we also need to consider future distributions under scenarios of climate change and different management interventions when formulating effective long‐term intervention strategies. This paper combines niche modelling and fine‐scale process‐based modelling to define regions at high risk of invasion and simulate likely dynamics at the landscape scale.Our study species is Schinus molle (Peruvian pepper tree; Anacardiaceae), a native of central South America, introduced to South Africa in about 1850 where it was widely planted along roads.Localities of planted and naturalized trees were mapped along 5380 km of roads – a transect that effectively samples a large part of western South Africa. Correlative modelling was used to produce profiles of present and future environmental conditions characterizing its planted and naturalized ranges. A cellular‐automata simulation model was used to estimate the dynamics of S. molle under future climates and different management scenarios.The overall potential range of S. molle in the region is predicted to shrink progressively with predicted climate change. Some of the potential range of S. molle defined based on current conditions (including areas where it is currently highly invasive) is likely to become less favourable. The species could persist where it is well established long after conditions for recruitment have deteriorated. Some areas where the species is not widely naturalized now (notably the fynbos biome) are likely to become more favourable. Our modelling approach allows for the delineation of areas likely to be invaded in future by considering a range of factors at different scales that mediate the interplay of climatic variables and other drivers that define the dimensions of human intervention such as distance from planted trees and the density of planted plants, both of which affect propagule pressure.
Effect of predation and habitat quality on growth and reproduction of a stream fish
Authors: Billman E. J. , Tjarks B. J. , Belk M. C. 
Published: November 2010

Billman EJ, Tjarks BJ, Belk MC. Effect of predation and habitat quality on growth and reproduction of a stream fish. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2011: 20: 102–113. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Anthropogenic disturbances are rarely independent, requiring native fishes to respond to multiple factors to persist in changing environments. We examined the interaction of predation environment (presence of introduced brown trout, Salmo trutta) and habitat quality on growth and reproduction of southern leatherside chub, Lepidomeda aliciae, a small‐bodied stream fish native to central Utah, USA. Southern leatherside chub were sampled from four streams representing a complete two‐factor cross of predation environment and habitat quality. Growth was estimated using increment analysis of annuli on otoliths, and reproductive traits were measured for both sexes. Southern leatherside chub growth was greater in high‐quality than in low‐quality habitats, and greater in predator than in nonpredator environments. However, fish exhibited a greater growth response to presence of brown trout in low‐quality habitats. Southern leatherside chub growth followed predictions of plastic responses to resource availability based on habitat quality and predation environment (lethal vs. nonlethal effects). Reproductive allocation (gonad wet mass) was significantly greater in low‐quality versus high‐quality habitats, but was unaffected by predation environment. Other female life‐history traits were affected either by both effects or their interaction. Reproductive responses to habitat quality and predation environment were consistent with predictions based on differential mortality. Southern leatherside chub growth and reproduction responded differently to the combination of habitat quality and predation environment, thus demonstrating the importance of assessing interacting effects of anthropogenic disturbances to more fully comprehend impacts on native species and to appropriately manage, recover and restore these species and their habitats.
Family Acceptance in Adolescence and the Health of LGBT Young Adults
Authors: Ryan Caitlin , Russell Stephen T. , Huebner David , Diaz Rafael , Sanchez Jorge 
Published: November 2010

ISSUE:  The role of family acceptance as a protective factor for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adolescents and young adults has not been established.METHODS:  A quantitative measure with items derived from prior qualitative work retrospectively assessed family accepting behaviors in response to LGBT adolescents' sexual orientation and gender expression and their relationship to mental health, substance abuse, and sexual risk in young adults (N= 245).FINDINGS:  Family acceptance predicts greater self‐esteem, social support, and general health status; it also protects against depression, substance abuse, and suicidal ideation and behaviors.CONCLUSIONS:  Family acceptance of LGBT adolescents is associated with positive young adult mental and physical health. Interventions that promote parental and caregiver acceptance of LGBT adolescents are needed to reduce health disparities.
Correlates of Substance Use Severity Among Homeless Youth
Authors: Nyamathi Adeline , Hudson Angela , Greengold Barbara , Slagle Alexandra , Marfisee Mary , Khalilifard Farinaz , Leake Barbara 
Published: November 2010

PROBLEM: This cross‐sectional study identified a number of factors that were correlated with drug‐use severity among homeless youth.METHODS: To examine a commonly used measure of substance‐use severity, the TCU Drug Screen II, in a convenience sample of 156 homeless youth, ages 15–25 from a drop‐in site in Santa Monica, California.FINDINGS: Higher drug‐use severity scores were independently related to low levels of perceived health and maladaptive coping strategies.CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study are particularly relevant in that they support previous results showing that psychosocial variables are related to substance use behavior among young populations.
Relationships of Total Adiponectin and Molecular Weight Fractions of Adiponectin With Free Testosterone in African Men and Premenopausal Women
Authors: Cui Jie , Wu XiangDong , Andrel Jocelyn , Falkner Bonita 
Published: November 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich).Adiponectin, a protein secreted by adipose tissue, has anti‐inflammatory, antithrombogenic, and antidiabetogenic effects. Lower plasma adiponectin levels are present in diabetes, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. Adiponectin levels are higher in women compared with men. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between total adiponectin, or the molecular weight fractions of adiponectin, and testosterone levels in African American men and premenopausal women. A sample (N=48) of men and premenopausal women was selected based on high and low serum‐free testosterone level. All patients had data on blood pressure, metabolic risk factors, and sex hormone levels. Stored plasma samples were assayed for total adiponectin. Molecular weight fractions of adiponectin were separated by gel electrophoresis and quantified by Western blot. Data analysis compared adiponectin (total and fractions) levels with androgen status in both sexes. Among men with high testosterone levels, all fractions of adiponectin were significantly lower than those in men with low testosterone (P<.05). In women with high testosterone, total adiponectin (P=.02) and all fractions of molecular weight adiponectin (P<.05) were lower compared with those in women with low testosterone. Plasma adiponectin levels are lower in both men and premenopausal women with relatively higher testosterone levels. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2010;12:957–963. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parasitic infections
Authors: KESTELYN P , CLAERHOUT I 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose ‐ To familiarize the audience with the clinical characteristics of Acanthamoeba infection not only in the advanced stages, but also in the early period. ‐ To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for a favourable outcome ‐ To discuss diagnostic and therapeutic strategies ‐ To describe associated complications and their treatment Methods The course will incorporate the recent literature and make abundant use of case reports and slitlamp images from the authors' personal database. Conclusion Early recognition of acanthamoeba keratitis and prompt and effective treatment often results in healing with excellent visual function.
Anatomical overview of the ophthalmic anaesthesia
Authors: HARGITAI ZS 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAs the opening presentation of the ophthalmolgiacal anaesthesia course the thorough review of the anatomy of the orbit is discussed. It includes the bone structure, capsula of Tenon, the blood vessels and finally the nerves. With the knowledge of these the best method of anaesthesia of the different kinds of ophthalmological operations can be planned and applied. This way reducing the number of complications while improving patient satisfaction.
Pharmacological overview of the ophthalmic anaesthesia
Authors: FISCHER E 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Review of the chemical properties, differences between the effectiveness of the ophthalmological used local anaesthetics. Historical overview from 1860, year of the isolation of cocaine, to date. Methods Didactic and substantive summary of the literature. Results Specification of the basicity, lipophilicity, physicochemical properties, and the advantages, and disadvantages of adding adrenalin in different concentrations. Local anaesthetics also have adverse effects. All stimulate central nervous system, therefore it is very important to have a proper anamnesis, especially information about drug hypersensitivity from the patient. Conclusion Interventions must be carried out in the view of drug interactions, with personalized choice of drugs and dose.
Currently used anaesthesiological techniques with some practical advice
Authors: SZIGETI A 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn ideal anaesthetic method ensures optimal conditions to the surgical proceed, is painless, provides painlessness even through the hole perioperative time, forgoes to every stress reaction (both patient's and surgeon's), and has no side‐effects. At the moment there is no anaesthetic method which fulfills these terms exquisitely. When choosing anaesthesia it is important to consider the patient's aspects too, not to apply the most well‐known or familiar method, but the one which matches best to the concrete operative technique and is most close to the above conditions. In ophthalmology the applied anaesthetic methods take aim at not only analgesia but also akinesia, and at certain kinds of operations has to achieve hypotony and cutting off autonomic reflexes. In this lecture we would like to give a fully comprehensive review of anaesthetic methods used in ophthalmology currently.
How to identify retinal tears?
Authors: BERROD JP 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Locating the retinal tear(s) in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment witout PVR is the first step of a successful treatment. The purpose of the course is to present the different techniques and rules to examine the retina in order to detect and locate all the tears. Methods We emphasised the 3 Lincoff's rules that permit concentration of the efforts to a small area of the periphery to identify the breaks. More than one break is present in 50% of eyes. Hence, there is a need to inspect the rest of the fundus including areas of attached retina. Results In the evaluation, one needs to stress the importance of good binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy with scleral depression or direct ophthalmocopy with slitlamp and 3 mirror contact lens. Vitrectomy can be indicated in certain cases of failure to detect breaks. In the presence of severe PVR the surgery would involve thorough cleaning of the entire retina, hence it may not be so important to identify all breaks preoperatively. Conclusion A minimal rate of postoperative failure for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment can only be achieved if a maximal preoperative search for the retinal breaks has been performed.