bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entamoeba histolyticaelectrondense granules secretion in vitro and in vivo: Ultrastructural study
Authors: ChÁvez‐munguÍa Bibiana , CastaÑÓN Guadalupe , HernÁNdez‐RamÍRez VerÓNica , GonzÁLez‐LÁZARO MÓNica , TalamÁS‐Rohana Patricia , MartÍNez‐Palomo Adolfo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractElectron dense granules (EDGs) were identified by transmission electron microscopy in Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites recovered from hamster liver lesions. Abundant granules were present in trophozoites recovered after 15 min of liver inoculation. Variation in the size and morphology of these EDGs was also observed. Numerous granules were present in the plasma membrane when these parasites were incubated for 5 min with MDCK monolayers. Release of these EDGs was suggested by the presence of granules in contact with the surface of the target cell plasma membrane. Parasite phagocytic invaginations were observed after 10 min of parasite‐monolayer interaction. In these structures, scarce granules were seen. Granules secretion was corroborated by obtaining of a pellet of these small structures from the incubation of trophozoites with collagen supernatant. Collagenase and gellatinase activity of this pellet was identified in SDS‐PAGE gels. EDGs were also present in amebic hamster liver lesions. Our observations corroborate that these granules are secreted and suggest that may participate in the cytopathic effect of E. histolytica both in vitro and in vivo. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Action of the chemical agent fipronil (active ingredient of acaricide Frontline®) on the liver of mice: An ultrastructural analysis
Authors: Ferreira Mateus , De Oliveira Patrícia Rosa , Denardi Sandra Eloisi , Bechara Gervásio Henrique , Mathias Maria Izabel Camargo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractFipronil, active ingredient of the acaricide Frontiline®, is a phenyl‐pyrazolic derivative, and its efficacy in the elimination of several plagues, even in low concentrations, has already been demonstrated; however, its effect on nontarget organisms has not been thoroughly explained. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different dosages of fipronil on the liver of mice in artificial conditions. Results showed that the animals exposed to fipronil present significant ultrastrucutural changes in hepatic cells with evident cellular and cytoplasm disorganization in hepatocytes characterized by an increase in the number of organelles, mainly mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, organelles that, in the case of the exposed animals, were probably responsible for the enzymes' synthesis that have the function of inactivating the toxic metabolites. A fat accumulation in the hepatocytes' cytoplasm (steatosis) was observed, in addition to extended vacuolated areas, mainly in regions next to the cell nucleus. Alterations observed in the nuclei of the hepatocytes pointed out cell death processes. Moreover, Kupffer cells increased in number (hyperplasia) suggesting an increase in the phagocytic activity of the liver in the exposed animals. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrastructure of immature stages of the blowflyChrysomya putoria(Wiedemann, 1818) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Mendonça Paloma Martins , Dos Santos‐Mallet Jacenir Reis , De Carvalho Queiroz Margareth Maria 
Published: July 2011

AbstractForensic entomology is an area of science that serves as a tool in crime scene investigations. Usually, flies are the first insects to reach a carcass and can oviposit just a few hours after arrival. Therefore, the knowledge of immature stages is essential for correct identification of the species found on corpses. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) gives detailed information about morphological characters helping to identify the immature forms of flies.Chrysomya putoria(Wiedemann) is a very important fly for forensic entomology, because it has high population densities and is easily found in colonizing carcasses, moreover, it is also a possible causative agent for secondary myiasis. The aim of this study is to identify larvae and puparia ofC. putoriausing SEM. The first instar larvae were composed of 12 smooth segments separated by spines. Antennae and maxillary palps were visible. Anterior spiracle was absent and only one spiracular opening could be seen at the posterior spiracle. Second and third larval instars were similar to first instar, except for the presence of anterior spiracle that is composed by 11–12 spiracular ramifications. At the anal segment, two spiracular openings were found in second instars and three openings in third instar larvae. Puparia showed a retracted cephalic region and none of the head structures were visible. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011., © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemical and morphological features of nanofilled composite resin: Influence of finishing and polishing procedures and fluoride solutions
Authors: de Oliveira Ana Luísa Botta Martins , Domingos Patrícia Aleixo Dos Santos , Palma‐Dibb Regina Guenka , Garcia Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study evaluated the influence of finishing and polishing procedures and different fluoride solutions on superficial morphology and chemistry of the nanofilled composite resin Supreme XT (3M) through the EDX analysis and SEM evaluation. Circular specimens (n= 30) of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were prepared, with half of the sample assays finished and polished with Super‐Snap® sandpaper. The experimental groups were divided according to the presence or absence of finishing and polishing and solutions (artificial saliva, 0.05% of manipulated sodium fluoride solution, Fluordent Reach, Oral B, Fluorgard). Specimens were immersed in each respective solution for 1 min per day, during 60 days and stored in artificial saliva at 37 ± 1°C between immersion periods. Topography and chemical analysis was qualitative. It was observed that specimens submitted to finishing and polishing procedures had lower superficial degradation. Fluoride solutions promoted superficial alterations on specimens, being the highest degradation obtained with Fluordent Reach. It can be concluded that finishing and polishing procedures and the immersion media influence the superficial morphology of composite resin tested; the Fluordent Reach was the fluoride solution that most affected the material's surface. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011., © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intracellular trafficking and fate of chimeric adenovirus 5/F35 in human B lymphocytes
Authors: Samson Mélanie , Jung Daniel 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundInvestigation of the molecular processes that control the development and function of lymphocytes is essential for our understanding of humoral immunity, as well as lymphocyte‐associated pathogenesis. Adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer provides a powerful tool for investigating these processes. However, we observed variation in transgene expression among normal human peripheral blood B lymphocytes from different donors and at distinct stages of differentiation. It is recognized that efficient gene transfer is highly dependent on the intracellular route by which the viruses travel within the host cell. Thus, we aimed to examine this aspect in the present study.MethodsWe analyzed the binding, uptake, intracellular trafficking and fate of CY3‐labelled Ad5/F35 vectors in lymphoid cell lines and primary B cells. Furthermore, we decreased protein synthesis levels and rapid endocytosis in a plasma cell line exhibiting a high level of protein synthesis activity and activated transcription and endocytosis in primary B cells, which are less active than plasma cells.ResultsMajor differences in intracellular trafficking pattern between B cells and plasma cell line U266 were identified that explain the observed divergence in transgene expression efficiency. Importantly, modification of the transcriptional or translational activity of U266 cells reverted the Ad5/F35 endocytic trafficking to that seen in B cells, with a loss of transgene expression, whereas activation of B cells with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate had the opposite effects.ConclusionsTaken together, these results suggest that Ad5/F35 is more efficiently transduced in cells with a strong transcriptional activity as a result of differences in intracellular trafficking. This finding extends our current knowledge of the mechanisms of adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleeping Beauty‐mediated correction of Fanconi anemia type C
Authors: Hyland Kendra A. , Olson Erik R. , Clark Karl J. , Aronovich Elena L. , Hackett Perry B. , Blazar Bruce R. , Tolar Jakub , Scott McIvor R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system can insert defined sequences into chromosomes to direct the extended expression of therapeutic genes. Our goal is to develop the SB system for nonviral complementation of Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare autosomal recessive disorder accompanied by progressive bone marrow failure.MethodsWe used a CytoPulse electroporation system (CytoPulse, Glen Burnie, MD, USA) to introduce SB transposons into human lymphoblastoid cells (LCL) derived from both Fanconi anemia type C (FA‐C) defective and normal patients. Correction of the FA‐C defect was assessed by resistance to mitomycin C, a DNA‐crosslinking agent.ResultsCulture of both cell types with the antioxidant N‐acetyl‐ l‐cysteine improved cell viability after electroporation. Co‐delivery of enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) transposon with SB100X transposase‐encoding plasmid supported a 50‐ to 90‐fold increase in stable GFP expression compared to that observed in the absence of SB100X for normal LCL, but in FA‐C defective LCL SB100X enhancement of stable GFP‐expression was a more moderate five‐ to 13‐fold. SB‐mediated integration and expression of the FA‐C gene was demonstrated by the emergence of a mitomycin C‐resistant population bearing characteristic transposon‐chromosome junction sequences and exhibiting a mitomycin dose response identical to that of normal LCL.ConclusionsThe SB transposon system achieved stable expression of therapeutic FA‐C genes, complementing the genetic defect in patient‐derived cells by nonviral gene transfer. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of spiroheterocycles derived from benzo[f]chromanone
Authors: Pati Anita , Mohapatra Snigdha , Behera Rajani K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe syntheses of an important class of hitherto unreported spiro derivatives containing benzo[f]chromanone moiety involving very simple cyclocondensation reactions are described. Installation of pharmacologically active moieties like thiazolidine and thiazolidinone is achieved by taking simple reagents like ethylchloroacetate, 1, 2‐dibromo ethane and thioglycollic acid. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Can resting‐state functional MRI serve as a complement to task‐based mapping of sensorimotor function? A test–retest reliability study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Mannfolk Peter , Nilsson Markus , Hansson Henrik , Ståhlberg Freddy , Fransson Peter , Weibull Andreas , Svensson Jonas , Wirestam Ronnie , Olsrud Johan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To investigate if resting‐state functional MRI (fMRI) reliably can serve as a complement to task‐based fMRI for presurgical mapping of the sensorimotor cortex.Materials and Methods:Functional data were obtained in 10 healthy volunteers using a 3 Tesla MRI system. Each subject performed five bilateral finger tapping experiments interleaved with five resting‐state experiments. Following preprocessing, data from eight volunteers were further analyzed with the general linear model (finger tapping data) and independent component analysis (rest data). Test–retest reliability estimates (hit rate and false alarm rate) for resting‐state fMRI activation of the sensorimotor network were compared with the reliability estimates for task‐evoked activation of the sensorimotor cortex. The reliability estimates constituted a receiver operating characteristics curve from which the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Statistical testing was performed to compare the two groups with respect to reliability.Results:The AUC was generally higher for the task experiments, although median AUC was not significantly different on a group level. Also, the two groups showed comparable levels of within‐group variance.Conclusion:Test–retest reliability was comparable between resting‐state measurements and task‐based fMRI, suggesting that presurgical mapping of functional networks can be a supplement to task‐based fMRI in cases where patient status excludes task‐based fMRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR phase‐contrast velocity mapping methods for measuring venous blood velocity in the deep veins of the calf
Authors: Pierce Iain T. , Gatehouse Peter D. , Xu X. Yun , Firmin David N. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the feasibility of using un‐gated, real‐time MRI for venous blood velocity mapping in the calf, comparing an interleaved spiral k‐space sequence (ISP) against a standard segmented gradient echo sequence (GRE).Materials and Methods:A flow phantom with a variable flow‐rate was scanned using both GRE and ISP sequences for an in vitro comparison. Seven subjects were scanned prone, performing metronome guided breathing, using the (externally triggered) segmented GRE and real‐time ISP sequences. The segmented GRE acquisition duration was 2.5 mins (22 guided respiratory cycles) and the ISP sequence ran continuously for 35s, 4 full guided respiratory cycles. Mean velocity from each of the deep veins was measured and peak mean velocity, peak flow rate and cumulative volume flow over a respiratory cycle compared between sequences.Results:The two sequences compared well both in vitro and in vivo. The real‐time ISP sequence showed short‐term variations in mean velocity superimposed on the respiratory induced flow, which were averaged out using the segmented GRE sequence.Conclusion:Real‐time ISP provides comparable time‐averaged flow results to the standard sequence with additional information on real‐time flow variations and so could be used for further investigation into venous blood flow in the lower leg. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusional mechanisms augment the fluorine MR relaxation in paramagnetic perfluorocarbon nanoparticles that provides a “relaxation switch” for detecting cellular endosomal activation
Authors: Hu Lingzhi , Zhang Lei , Chen Junjie , Lanza Gregory M. , Wickline Samuel A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To develop a physical model for the 19F relaxation enhancement in paramagnetic perfluorocarbon nanoparticles (PFC NP) and demonstrate its application in monitoring cellular endosomal functionality through a “19F relaxation switch” phenomenon.Materials and Methods:An explicit expression for 19F longitudinal relaxation enhancement was derived analytically. Monte‐Carlo simulation was performed to confirm the gadolinium‐induced magnetic field inhomogeneity inside the PFC NP. Field‐dependent T1 measurements for three types of paramagnetic PFC NPs were carried out to validate the theoretical prediction. Based on the physical model, 19F and 1H relaxation properties of macrophage internalized paramagnetic PFC NPs were measured to evaluate the intracellular process of NPs by macrophages in vitro.Results:The theoretical description was confirmed experimentally by field‐dependent T1 measurements. The shortening of 19F T1 was found to be attributed to the Brownian motion of PFC molecules inside the NP in conjunction with their ability to permeate into the lipid surfactant coating. A dramatic change of 19F T1 was observed upon endocytosis, revealing the transition from intact bound PFC NP to processed constituents.Conclusion:The proposed first‐principle analysis of 19F spins in paramagnetic PFC NP relates their structural parameters to the special MR relaxation features. The demonstrated “19F relaxation switch” phenomenon is potentially useful for monitoring cellular endosomal functionality. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation and European circulation regimes on the daily to interannual variability of winter precipitation in Israel
Authors: Black Emily 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe arid climate of the Middle East means that variations in rainfall on all timescales from days to years have enormous impact on the people who live in the region. Understanding this variability is crucial if we are to interpret model simulations of the region's climate and make meaningful predictions of how the climate may change in the future. This study investigates the links between the European synoptic regimes that favour rainfall in Israel, interannual variability in the Mediterranean storm track, and large‐scale modes of variability such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). It is shown that particular European circulation regimes favour rainfall in Israel, and that these regimes occur more frequently when the NAO is in its positive phase. This is reflected by increased likelihood of very high rainfall totals in the Middle East during NAO positive winters. In contrast, the circulation regimes associated with an increased probability of dry weather are not associated with NAO negative conditions. This non‐linearity, along with the known lack of stationarity in NAO teleconnections explains the weak correlation between the NAO index and precipitation in the Jordan and Israel. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Do adolescent offspring of women with PTSD experience higher levels of chronic and episodic stress?
Authors: Brand Sarah R. , Schechter Julia C. , Hammen Constance L. , Brocque Robyne Le , Brennan Patricia A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOffspring of mothers with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at higher risk for a range of negative developmental outcomes, including differing forms of psychopathology. This study suggests that the multigenerational impact of trauma may be partially attributed to increased levels of stress experienced by these offspring during childhood and adolescence. Diagnostic interviews were conducted with over 800 women and their offspring. Experiences of stress were assessed using multiple measures. Results indicate that offspring of mothers with PTSD or high levels of PTSD symptoms experienced higher levels of lifetime exposure to major stress, η2 = .02, current chronic stress due to family relations, η2 = .01, and a higher level of objectively rated recent episodic life stress, η2 = .01, compared to offspring of women without PTSD. These findings remained significant after controlling for maternal history of depression. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 00:1–10, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/.20652
Mark–recapture using tetracycline and genetics reveal record‐high bear density
Authors: Peacock Elizabeth , Titus Kimberly , Garshelis David L. , Peacock Mary M. , Kuc Miroslaw 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe used tetracycline biomarking, augmented with genetic methods to estimate the size of an American black bear (Ursus americanus) population on an island in Southeast Alaska. We marked 132 and 189 bears that consumed remote, tetracycline‐laced baits in 2 different years, respectively, and observed 39 marks in 692 bone samples subsequently collected from hunters. We genetically analyzed hair samples from bait sites to determine the sex of marked bears, facilitating derivation of sex‐specific population estimates. We obtained harvest samples from beyond the study area to correct for emigration. We estimated a density of 155 independent bears/100 km2, which is equivalent to the highest recorded for this species. This high density appears to be maintained by abundant, accessible natural food. Our population estimate (approx. 1,000 bears) could be used as a baseline and to set hunting quotas. The refined biomarking method for abundance estimation is a useful alternative where physical captures or DNA‐based estimates are precluded by cost or logistics. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Targeted surveillance of raccoon rabies in Québec, Canada
Authors: Rees Erin E. , Bélanger Denise , Lelièvre Frédérick , Coté Nathalie , Lambert Louise 
Published: July 2011

AbstractData from wildlife disease surveillance programs are used to inform implementation of disease control (e.g., vaccination, population reduction) in space and time. We developed an approach to increase detection of raccoon rabies in raccoons (Procyon lotor) and skunks (Mephitis mephitis) of Québec, Canada, and we examined the implications of using this approach for targeted surveillance. First we modeled the probability of a rabid animal relative to environmental characteristics of sampling locations. Rabid animals were more likely to be found in low‐lying flat landscapes that had higher proportions of corn‐forest edge habitat and hay agriculture, and that were within 20 km of one or more known rabies cases. From the model, we created 2 complementary risk maps to identify areas where rabid animals were most likely to be sampled. One map accounted for habitat and known rabies case locations, and can be used to define an infection zone from which surveillance can be targeted along the periphery to determine if disease is continuing to spread. The other map only accounted for habitat and can be used to locate areas most likely to contain rabid animals when the disease is present. In a further analysis we compared the 2 most successful methods for detecting raccoon rabies in Québec, given the disease was present. Government trapping operations (active surveillance) detected more cases in the short‐term, but citizen notification (passive and enhanced) was more effective after 12 trapping days from which the initial rabies case was found. Our approach can benefit wildlife and public health agencies wanting to assess the disease status of regions by targeting surveillance to habitats most likely to contain infected animals and by defining the duration over which sampling methods are effective. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Estimating mountain goat abundance using DNA from fecal pellets
Authors: Poole Kim G. , Reynolds Darryl M. , Mowat Garth , Paetkau David 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNon‐invasive collection of tissue samples to obtain DNA for microsatellite genotyping required to estimate population size has been used for many wildlife species but rarely for ungulates. We estimated mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) population size on a mountain complex in southwestern British Columbia by identification of individuals using DNA obtained from fecal pellet and hair samples collected during 3 sampling sessions. We identified 55 individuals from 170 samples that were successfully genotyped, and estimated a population of 77 mountain goats (SE = 7.4). Mean capture probability was 0.38 (SE = 0.037) per session. Our technique provides one of the first statistically rigorous estimates of abundance of an ungulate species using DNA derived primarily from fecal pellets. Our technique enables managers to obtain minimum counts or population estimates of ungulates in areas of low sightability that can be used for conservation and management. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.