bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron deficiency in patients with a Fontan circulation and its impact on exercise capacity
Authors: van Hassel Gaston , Rivrud Sean C S , Timmerman Frank J , van der Meer Peter , Hoendermis Elke S , Liem Eryn T , Berger Rolf M F , van Melle Joost P 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundIron deficiency (ID) has been reported in patients with congenital heart disease. There is, however, a scarcity of data on its prevalence in patients with a Fontan circulation. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of ID in Fontan patients and to investigate the association between ID and exercise capacity in this population.Methods and resultsBlood count and haematological parameters were determined in plasma of 61 Fontan patients (51% female, mean age 29±9 years). ID was defined as transferrin saturation (TSAT) ≤19.8%. The prevalence of ID was 36% (22/61 patients). Especially among women, the diagnosis of ID was highly prevalent (52%) despite normal haemoglobin levels (153.7±18.4 g/L). Mean ferritin levels were 98±80 µg/L and mean TSAT levels were 22%±12%. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed in 46 patients (75%). Patients with ID had a lower peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) (1397±477 vs 1692±530 mL/min; p=0.039), although this relationship was confounded by sex. The presence of ID increased the likelihood of not achieving a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) ≥1.1 by 5-fold (p=0.035).ConclusionID is highly prevalent among patients with a Fontan circulation. V̇O2peak is lower in patients with ID. Fontan patients with ID are less likely to achieve an RER≥1.1 during cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial morphology negatively affected in mice lacking Xin
Authors: Martin Grace , Al-Sajee Dhuha , Gingrich Molly , Chattha Rimsha , Akcan Michael , Monaco Cynthia M.F. , Hughes Megan C. , Perry Christopher G.R. , Rebalka Irena A. , Tarnopolsky Mark A. , Hawke Thomas J. 
Published: June 2024

Altered mitochondrial structure and function are implicated in the functional decline of skeletal muscle. Numerous cytoskeletal proteins are known to affect mitochondrial homeostasis, but this complex network is still being unraveled. Here, we investigated mitochondrial alterations in mice lacking the cytoskeletal adapter protein, XIN (XIN-/-). XIN-/- and wild-type littermate male and female mice were fed a chow or high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal fat) for 8 weeks before analyses of their skeletal muscles were conducted. Immuno-electron microscopy (EM) and immunofluorescence staining revealed XIN in the mitochondria and peri-mitochondrial areas, as well as the myoplasm. Intermyofibrillar mitochondria in chow-fed XIN-/- mice were notably different from wild-type (large, and/or swollen in appearance). Succinate dehydrogenase and Cytochrome Oxidase IV staining indicated greater evidence of mitochondrial enzyme activity in XIN-/- mice. No difference in body mass gains or glucose handling was observed between cohorts with HFD. However, EM revealed significantly greater mitochondrial density with evident structural abnormalities (swelling, reduced cristae density) in XIN-/- mice. Absolute Complex I and II-supported respiration was not different between groups, but relative to mitochondrial density, was significantly lower in XIN-/-. These results provide the first evidence for a role of XIN in maintaining mitochondrial morphology and function.
Towards quantum technologies with gamma photons
Authors: Ujeniuc S. , Suvaila R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the context of the second quantum revolution, the ability to manipulate quantum systems is already used for various techniques and a growing number of technology demonstrators, mostly with low energy photons. In this frame, our intention is to extend quantum technologies to gamma photons. Our aim is to take advantage of resources brought by entanglement with higher energy particles, particularly electron-positron annihilation quanta. Tools for low frequency quantum experiments are not suitable for penetrant radiation, consequently we need to use effects typical to the keV-MeV energy range instead. High energy photon protocols would include fundamental properties testing, industrial imaging, quantum random number generators, quantum simulators, military applications and improvement of already existing medical procedures. In this paper we review some important steps in the study of annihilation photon correlations, we point out the experimental differences and necessities with respect to the energy increase in quantum photonic experiments and we describe the design of a quantum gamma device we propose for experiments meant to prove feasibility of gamma ray based protocols. The perspective behind our project is to evidence the possibility to communicate via entangled quanta through media which are not transparent for low energy photons.
An intelligent threshold selection method to improve orbital angular momentum-encoded quantum key distribution under turbulence
Authors: Li Jia-Hao , Tang Jie , Wang Xing-Yu , Xue Yang , Yu Hui-Cun , Deng Zhi-Feng , Cao Yue-Xiang , Liu Ying , Wu Dan , Hu Hao-Ran , Wang Ya , Lun Hua-Zhi , Wei Jia-Hua , Zhang Bo , Liu Bo , Shi Lei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) encoded by orbital angular momentum (OAM) presents significant advantages in terms of information capacity. However, perturbations caused by free-space atmospheric turbulence decrease the performance of the system by introducing random fluctuations in the transmittance of OAM photons. Currently, the theoretical performance analysis of OAM-encoded QKD systems exists a gap when concerning the statistical distribution under the free-space link. In this article, we analyzed the security of QKD systems by combining probability distribution of transmission coefficient (PDTC) of OAM with decoy-state BB84 method. To address the problem that the invalid key rate is calculated in the part transmittance interval of the post-processing process, an intelligent threshold method based on neural network is proposed to improve OAM-encoded QKD, which aims to conserve computing resources and enhance system efficiency. Our findings reveal that the ratio of root mean square (RMS) OAM-beam radius to Fried constant plays a crucial role in ensuring secure key generation. Meanwhile, the training error of neural network is at the magnitude around 10−3, indicating the ability to predict optimization parameters quickly and accurately. Our work contributes to the advancement of parameter optimization and prediction for free-space OAM-encoded HD-QKD systems. Furthermore, it provides valuable theoretical insights to support the development of free-space experimental setups.
OPTIMUM LEARNING MODEL FOR TEMPERATURE PROFILE PREDICTION IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Authors: AHMED SHAIKH TAUSEEF , LOKHANDE AMOL D. , SHAFIK R. SAYYAD 
Published: June 2024

In recent years, several industries have made extensive use of additive manufacturing (AM) as it creates complicated parts by layer-by-layer deposition and offers high customization and rapid production. Nonetheless, hardware failure or thermal stress during the AM process can result in defects. In addition, the thermal history of the AM process is typically simulated using finite element research, but they are expensive and time-consuming. In this research, an essential element of a methodological approach for developing real-time control systems based on data-driven models is designed and developed. Finite element techniques are used to generate the database and resolve time-dependent heat equations The proposed approach makes use of the adaptive falcsreech buzpullet search algorithm (FBSO-LSTM) model, which forecasts the temperatures of subsequent voxels utilizing inputs like laser characteristics, to address problems with extremely unpredictable solutions as well as the temperatures of preceding voxels. The performance with the lowest error values is achieved by the adaptive FBSO-LSTM model utilizing the GAMMA database with values of 6.00, 107.51, 5.24, and 0.26 for MAE, MAPE, MSE and RMSE, respectively. Similarly, the FEM database with values of 6.00, 49.51, 5.26, and 0.27 for MAE, MAPE, MSE and RMSE, respectively.
LncRNA DCRT Protects Against Dilated Cardiomyopathy by Preventing NDUFS2 Alternative Splicing by Binding to PTBP1
Authors: Du Hengzhi , Zhao Yanru , Wen Jianpei , Dai Beibei , Hu Guo , Zhou Yufei , Yin Zhongwei , Ding Nan , Li Huaping , Fan Jiahui , Nie Xiang , Wang Feng , Liu Qian , Wen Zheng , Xu Gang , Wang Dao Wen , Chen Chen 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by left ventricular dilation and continuous systolic dysfunction. Mitochondrial impairment is critical in dilated cardiomyopathy; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we explored the cardioprotective role of a heart-enriched long noncoding RNA, the dilated cardiomyopathy repressive transcript (DCRT), in maintaining mitochondrial function.

METHODS:

The DCRT knockout (DCRT
−/−
) mice and DCRT knockout cells were developed using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Cardiac-specific DCRT transgenic mice were generated using α-myosin heavy chain promoter. Chromatin coimmunoprecipitation, RNA immunoprecipitation, Western blot, and isoform sequencing were performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms.

RESULTS:

We found that the long noncoding RNA DCRT was highly enriched in the normal heart tissues and that its expression was significantly downregulated in the myocardium of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. DCRT
−/−
mice spontaneously developed cardiac dysfunction and enlargement with mitochondrial impairment. DCRT transgene or overexpression with the recombinant adeno-associated virus system in mice attenuated cardiac dysfunction induced by transverse aortic constriction treatment. Mechanistically, DCRT inhibited the third exon skipping of NDUFS2 (NADH dehydrogenase ubiquinone iron-sulfur protein 2) by directly binding to PTBP1 (polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1) in the nucleus of cardiomyocytes. Skipping of the third exon of NDUFS2 induced mitochondrial dysfunction by competitively inhibiting mitochondrial complex I activity and binding to PRDX5 (peroxiredoxin 5) and suppressing its antioxidant activity. Furthermore, coenzyme Q10 partially alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes caused by DCRT reduction.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study revealed that the loss of DCRT contributed to PTBP1-mediated exon skipping of NDUFS2, thereby inducing cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction during dilated cardiomyopathy development, which could be partially treated with coenzyme Q10 supplementation.
Underestimates of Orographic Precipitation in Idealized Simulations. Part II: Underlying Causes
Authors: Tierney Lydia , Durran Dale 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Warm-sector orographic precipitation in a midlatitude cyclone encountering a ridge is simulated in a “Cyc+Mtn” experiment. A second “Shear” simulation is conducted with horizontally uniform unidirectional flow over the same mountain having thermodynamic and cross-mountain wind profiles identical to those on the centerline in the “Cyc+Mtn” simulation. The relationship between integrated vapor transport (IVT) and orographic precipitation in the Mtn+Cyc case is consistent with observations, yet the same IVT in the Shear simulation produces far less precipitation. The difference between the precipitation rates in the Cyc+Mtn and Shear cases is traced to differences in the cross-mountain moisture-flux convergence and is further isolated to differences in the cross-mountain-velocity convergence over the windward slope. The winds at the ridge crest are stronger in the Shear case, leading to more velocity divergence and decreased moisture-flux convergence. The stronger ridge-crest winds in the Shear case are produced by a stronger mountain wave, which persists after being generated during the artificial startup of the Shear simulation. Initializing with a gradually ramped-up unidirectional flow and integrating to a quasi-steady state fails to adequately capture the processes regulating the leeside circulations. Even worse results are obtained if the shear flow is instantaneously accelerated from rest. An alternative microphysical explanation for the precipitation difference between the Cyc+Mtn and Shear simulations is examined using additional numerical experiments that enhance the seeder–feeder process. Although such enhancements increase precipitation, the increase is too small to account for the differences between the Cyc+Mtn and Shear simulations.

Significance Statement
Our results highlight the difficulty in conducting studies of mesoscale atmospheric circulations in isolation from their surrounding environment. This approach often allows for more computationally efficient and detailed analysis of the target phenomena by reducing the size of the computational domain. But, at least in the case of orographic precipitation, such isolation can significantly limit the realism of the simulated process.
Underestimates of Orographic Precipitation in Idealized Simulations. Part I: Evidence from Unidirectional Warm-Sector Environments
Authors: Tierney Lydia , Durran Dale 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Heavy precipitation in midlatitude mountain ranges is largely driven by the episodic passage of weather systems. Previous studies have shown a high correlation between the integrated vapor transport (IVT) in the airstream striking a mountain and the precipitation rate. Using data collected during the Olympic Mountain Experiment (OLYMPEX) project from a pair of sounding stations and a dense precipitation network, we further document the tight relation between IVT and precipitation rate and obtain results consistent with earlier work. We also survey previous studies that simulated orographic precipitation forced by unidirectional shear flows. Some of these simulations were performed using models that produce reasonably accurate rainfall totals in nested simulations of actual events driven by large-scale flows. Nevertheless, the increase in precipitation with IVT in all the simulations with unidirectional upstream flows is far lower than what would be expected based on the observationally derived correlation between IVT and precipitation rate. As a first step toward explaining this discrepancy, we conduct idealized simulations of a midlatitude cyclone striking a north–south ridge. The relationship between IVT and rainfall rate in this “Cyc+Mtn” simulation matches that which would be expected from observations. In contrast, when the conditions upstream of the ridge in the Cyc+Mtn case were used as upstream forcing in a horizontally uniform unidirectional flow with the same IVT over the same mountain ridge, far less precipitation was produced. These idealized simulations will, therefore, be used to study the discrepancy in rainfall between simulations driven by unidirectional shear flows and observations in a companion paper.

Significance Statement
Idealized simulations of orographic precipitation using horizontally uniform environmental forcing fail to capture the observed relationship between integrated water vapor flux impinging on the mountain and the precipitation rate. This suggests we need to improve the design of such idealized simulations.
Uniform SST Warming Explains Most of the NH Winter Circulation and Blocking Response in a Warmer Climate
Authors: Narinesingh Veeshan , Guo Huan , Garner Stephen T. , Ming Yi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Coupled ocean and prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) experiments are performed to investigate the drivers of Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitude winter circulation and blocking changes in warmer climates. In coupled experiments, a historical simulation is compared to a simulation following an end of the twenty-first-century shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP5-8.5) emission scenario. The SSP5-8.5 simulation yields poleward-shifted jets and an enhanced stationary wave pattern compared to the historical simulation. In terms of blocking, a reduction is found across North America and over the Pacific Ocean with the suggestion of more blocking over parts of Eurasia. Separately, prescribed SST experiments are performed decomposing the SSP5-8.5 SST response into a uniform warming component plus a spatially dependent change in SST pattern. SSP5-8.5 changes in circulation are primarily driven by a uniform warming of SST. Uniform warming is also found to account for most of the SSP5-8.5 blocking reduction over North America and the Pacific Ocean, but not over Eurasia. El Niño–like changes to the SST pattern also yield less blocking over the Pacific and North America. However, adding the responses of uniform and pattern experiments yields a nonlinear overreduction of blocking compared to the SSP5-8.5 experiment. Regional analyses of block energetics suggest that much of the reductions in blocking in warming simulations are driven by decreased baroclinic conversion in some regions and enhanced dissipation from diabatic sources in others.

Significance Statement
Atmospheric blocks are persistent anticyclones that can cause severe weather such as heat waves and cold spells. Climate models generally project that on a warmer Earth, blocking frequency is poised to decrease in the Northern Hemisphere by the end of the twenty-first century. The cause, however, remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the response of mean atmospheric circulation and atmospheric blocking when separately considering the warming of sea surface temperatures (SST) and changing the SST pattern. We find that most of the reduction in blocking can be explained by a uniform warming of SST. Energetics analyses suggest that this reduction is driven by blocks’ inhibited extraction of mean flow potential energy in some regions and by enhanced diabatic dissipation in others.
“Catching Chain” With Medicaid: The Impact of Medicaid Access on Opioid Overdose Mortality in Adults Released From State Detention
Authors: Blumberger Liba , Calo William , Mallinson Daniel J. , Liu Guodong , Leslie Douglas L. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo combat the heightened risk of opioid overdose death for individuals with criminal justice involvements, enhanced access to Medicaid remains paramount. This study examines the effect of a 2017 policy change in Pennsylvania that allowed for suspension, rather than termination, of Medicaid coverage while in prison on post‐release opioid overdose mortality risk (OOMR) for adults released from Pennsylvania prisons.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study utilizes administrative records from the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections for adults ≥18 years diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD) released in either 2015 or 2018. Death certificate data were used to compare OOMR within a year after release, both prior to and following the policy change. Demographic, treatment, and death characteristics were assessed with bivariate analyses. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine the association between qualification of Medicaid suspension and post‐release crude mortality and OOMR.ResultsQualification for Medicaid suspension was not associated with a significant decrease in OOMR (OR = 0.82, 95% CI [0.47–1.46]) or crude mortality (OR = 1.02, 95% CI [0.67–1.57]) within 1 year after prison release for individuals diagnosed with OUD. In addition, the risk of opioid overdose mortality after release from prison for adults with an OUD increased from 2015 to 2018 (0.6%–1.7%; p < 0.0001), particularly from synthetic narcotics (57.1%–83.1%, p < 0.001), and drug overdose remained the leading cause of death (74.0%) within the initial year of release.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the need for ongoing research in overdose prevention tailored to criminal justice populations. This includes a deeper analysis of policies intended to enhance post‐release insurance continuity and their effect on individuals diagnosed with OUD after prison release.
An Age-Stratified Analysis of Early Postoperative Mortality Among Medicare-Eligible Patients With Common Gastrointestinal and Hepato-pancreato-biliary Malignancies
Authors: Loftus Alexander W. , Hue Jonathan J. , Elshami Mohamedraed , Miller-Ocuin Jennifer L. , Steinhagen Emily , Hoehn Richard S. , Rothermel Luke D. , Ammori John B. , Hardacre Jeffrey M. , Ocuin Lee M. 
Published: June 2024

Background: The frequency of major cancer surgery in the elderly (≥80 years) has increased concomitantly with the rise in average age of the population. We assessed early postoperative mortality following hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) and gastrointestinal (GI) procedures for common malignancies stratified by age. Methods: The National Cancer Database (2004-2017) was queried for patients who underwent resection for GI (gastroesophageal and colorectal) or HPB (pancreatic adenocarcinoma, biliary tract, and primary liver) cancers. We compared early postoperative mortality (30 d and 90 d) stratified by age (65-79 vs ≥80 years) and procedure, and compared survival outcomes by age and operative vs nonoperative management. Results: A total of 709,358 patients were included. The 30-day mortality ranged from 1.8% to 5.8% among patients 65-79 years and from 3.2% to 12.4% among patients ≥80 years depending on procedure. The 90-day mortality ranged from 3.6% to 10.6% in patients 65-79 years compared to 8.4%-21.0% among patients ≥80 years. The overall 90-day mortality was 5.2% for patients 65-79 years and 12.0% for patients ≥80 years ( P < .001). Age ≥80 was associated with worse survival among operatively managed patients with each upper GI, HPB, and lower GI malignancy relative to younger patients on multivariable analysis. However, operative management of patients ≥80 years was associated with improved survival relative to nonoperative management. Discussion: Elderly patients suffer higher postoperative mortality after major GI and HPB cancer surgery, but operative management is associated with improved survival among patients ≥80 years as compared to nonoperative management. These data are important to contextualize when counseling elderly patients on their treatment options for localized GI and HPB cancers.
Giving Credit Where Credit is Due: An Artificial Intelligence Contribution Statement for Research Methods Writing Assignments
Authors: Alea Albada Nicole , Woods Vanessa E. 
Published: June 2024

Background Citation practices are fundamental to teaching scholarly writing. With the emergence of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, students need a structured way to cite when and how these technologies are used. Objective This paper introduces an instructor resource, an AI Contribution Statement, which provides students with an ethical and explicit framework for reporting on AI use during idea generation and writing in research methods. Method Students were guided to create an AI Contribution Statement that reports when an AI technology was used for a research paper, what prompts were given and text generated, and how the information was incorporated into a final written product. Results Sixty-four percent of students reported using AI assistive technologies. Of those, 33.12% reported using it more than twice, suggesting that, when allowed in a course, students’ use is relatively low. Conclusion Training students in best citation practices regarding ethical and transparent use of AI technologies is important, yet additional research is needed to understand how students are using it and how instructors can leverage this tool to foster equity. Teaching Implications An AI Contribution Statement is an important addition to research methods teaching to create equality in technology use and student success.