bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Al-Sabc al-mathānī (Q. 15:87)
Authors: Hassan Tammam 
Published: August 2010

Scholastic opinion on the meaning of the phrase al-sabc al-mathānī has differed widely. It is variously said to refer to the Fātiḥa, the seven suras al-Baqara, Āl cImrān, al-Nisāↄ, al-Māↄida, al-Ancām, al-Acrāf, and al-Anfāl plus al-Tawba (the latter two suras counting as one on account of there being no basmala between them), or the entire Qur'an, while others say that al-sabc al-mathānī refers to the division of the Qur'an into commands and prohibitions, glad tidings and admonitions, the coining of likenesses, the enumeration of blessings and accounts of past generations. It is also said that the term al-mathānī is derived from tathniya, repetition, and that the Fātiḥa is connected to repetition in two ways: first, it is repeated in ritual prayer; and, second, it repeatedly embodies praise of God. It is also however said that al-mathānī is the plural of mithnā (rope): the mathniyy of a thing is doubled or incorporates two, and accordingly one says ‘I doubled (thanaytu) something’ meaning ‘I folded it and laid the two pieces side by side’. Thus the meaning of al-sabc al-mathānī is seven things that may each be classified as belonging to a pair, and hence in order to comprehend what is signified by mathānī, one must understand the intended meaning of the Qur'an. This can be achieved through an investigation of its internal intertextualities, i.e. by analysing the relationships implicit in the connections that appear between these texts one uncovers, through one text, the purport of another. This study, therefore, relies upon intertextuality in order to understand the intended meaning of al-mathānī.
Recreational Carrying Capacity of Lake Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge
Authors: Manning Robert , Valliere William , Hallo Jeffrey 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Recreational carrying capacity addresses the issue of how much and what types of recreation can be accommodated in parks and related areas without unacceptable impacts. Contemporary approaches to carrying capacity rely on formulation, monitoring, and management of indicators and standards of quality. Recreational carrying capacity of Lake Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge, located in northern New Hampshire and Maine, was analyzed using visitor surveys that employed normative theory and methods and visual simulations of a range of recreation-related conditions. Study findings suggest that indicators of quality for the visitor experience include the number of boats seen on Lake Umbagog and associated rivers, the size of boating groups, the minimum acceptable chance of seeing selected types of wildlife, and the minimum acceptable chance of catching selected types of fish. Study findings also suggest a range of standards of quality for these indicators. Recreational carrying capacity of Lake Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge can be managed by using study findings to guide formulation of indicators and standards of quality, monitoring indicator variables, and taking management actions to ensure that standards of quality are maintained.
Adrenal-Oncocytic Tumor: An Unusual Cause of Secondary Hypertension in a Young South African Male
Authors: Okpechi Ikechi G. , Motala Ahmed , Panieri Eugenio , Rayner Brian L. 
Published: September 2010

Tumors with oncocytic features are characterized histologically by cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and by the ultrastructural presence of numerous closely packed mitochondria. Adrenal oncocytic tumors are very rare. We describe the case of a 36-year old white male who was newly diagnosed with hypertension and referred for evaluation. An abdominal computer tomography scan revealed a right adrenal tumor, which was removed surgically. The final diagnosis was made histologically on the excised tumor specimen. Hypertension in this patient was cured by the removal of the tumor. Adrenal oncocytic tumors are often benign, non-functional tumors that rarely cause hypertension. The diagnosis and assessment of metastatic potential can be made with histology and appropriate immunohistochemical stains. Removal of the tumor is necessary as some may have a malignant potential. Long-term follow-up is important in these patients in view of the difficulty in accurately predicting biological behavior.
Low back pain and other musculoskeletal pain comorbidities in individuals with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee: Data from the osteoarthritis initiative
Authors: Suri Pradeep , Morgenroth David C. , Kwoh C. Kent , Bean Jonathan F. , Kalichman Leonid , Hunter David J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of concurrent low back pain (LBP), and other musculoskeletal pain comorbidity, with knee pain severity in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsIndividuals from the Progression Cohort of the Osteoarthritis Initiative (n = 1,389, ages 45–79 years) with symptomatic tibiofemoral knee OA were studied. Participants identified pain in the low back, neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, knee, ankle, or foot. The primary outcome was the pain subscale of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) applied to the more symptomatic knee. We examined WOMAC pain score in persons with and without LBP, before and after adjusting for other musculoskeletal symptoms.ResultsOf the participants, 57.4% reported LBP. The mean ± SD WOMAC pain score (possible range 0–20) was 6.5 ± 4.1 in participants with and 5.2 ± 3.4 in participants without LBP (P < 0.0001). In multivariate analyses, LBP was significantly associated with increased WOMAC knee pain score (β [SE] = 1.00 [0.21], P < 0.0001). However, pain in all other individual musculoskeletal locations demonstrated similar associations with knee pain score. In models including all pain locations simultaneously, only LBP (β [SE] = 0.65 [0.21], P = 0.002), ipsilateral elbow pain (β [SE] = 0.98 [0.40], P = 0.02), and ipsilateral foot pain (β [SE] = 1.03 [0.45], P = 0.02) were significantly associated with knee pain score. Having >1 pain location was associated with greater WOMAC knee pain; this relationship was strongest for individuals having 4 (β [SE] = 1.83 [0.42], P < 0.0001) or ≥5 pain locations (β [SE] = 1.86 [0.36], P < 0.0001).ConclusionLBP, foot pain, and elbow pain are significantly associated with WOMAC knee pain score, as are a higher total number of pain locations. This may have implications for clinical trial planning.
Guaranteed estimation of the parameters of nonlinear continuous‐time models: Contributions of interval analysis
Authors: Kieffer M. , Walter E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper is about guaranteed parameter estimation in two contexts, namely bounded‐error and optimal estimation. In bounded‐error estimation, one looks for the set of all parameter vectors that are consistent with some prior bounds on the errors deemed acceptable between the model behavior and that of the system. In optimal estimation, one looks for the set of all parameter vectors that minimize some cost function quantifying the discrepancy between the behaviors of the system and its model. In both cases, guaranteed means that proven statements are made about the set of interest. The situation is made much more difficult when the model output is assumed to depend nonlinearly in the parameters to be estimated and when dealing with continuous‐time models, as here. Important tools based on interval analysis (IA) that contribute to allowing guaranteed estimation in these challenging conditions are presented. Some are absolutely classical in the context of IA but not so well known in the community of parameter estimation at large. Others have been developed recently and were mainly presented in conferences. Some, such as the use of sensitivity functions to reduce more quickly the size of outer approximations of the sets of interest, are new. Challenges for future research in the context of guaranteed nonlinear estimation are mentioned. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3D navigation and collision avoidance for nonholonomic aircraft‐like vehicles
Authors: Roussos Giannis , Dimarogonas Dimos V. , Kyriakopoulos Kostas J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper extends the Navigation Function methodology to the case of 3D nonholonomic vehicles, both in single agent and multi‐agent problems. The kinematic, nonholonomic, three‐dimensional model considered is chosen to resemble the motion of an aircraft by preventing any movement along the lateral or perpendicular axis, as well as preventing high yaw rotation rates. The discontinuous feedback control law used is based on the artificial potential field generated by Dipolar Navigation Functions and steers the agents away from obstacles or each other and towards their destinations, while respecting the nonholonomic constraints present. The convergence properties of the proposed control strategies are formally guaranteed and verified by non‐trivial simulation results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust weighted H∞ filtering for networked systems with intermittent measurements of multiple sensors
Authors: Zhang Hui , Shi Yang , Mehr Aryan Saadat 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the robust weighted H∞ filtering problem for networked systems with intermittent measurements under the discrete‐time framework. Multiple outputs of the plant are measured by separate sensors, each of which has a specific failure rate. Network‐induced delay, packet dropouts and network‐induced disorder phenomena are all incorporated in the modeling of the network link. The resulting closed‐loop system involves both delayed noise and non‐delayed noise. In order to make full use of the delayed information, we define a weighted H∞ performance index. Sufficient delay‐dependent and parameter‐dependent conditions for the existence of the filter and the solvability of the addressed problem are given via a set of linear matrix inequalities. Two simulation examples are presented to illustrate the relationship between the minimal performance level and the weighting factor, which show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation error minimization identification based on multi‐stage prediction
Authors: Farina M. , Piroddi L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractClassical prediction error minimization (PEM) methods are widely used for model identification, but they are also known to provide satisfactory results only in specific identification conditions, e.g. disturbance model matching. If these conditions are not met, the obtained model may have quite different dynamical behavior compared with the original system, resulting in poor long range prediction or simulation performance, which is a critical factor for model analysis, simulation, model‐based control design. In the mentioned non‐ideal conditions a robust and reliable alternative is based on the minimization of the simulation error. Unfortunately, direct optimization of a simulation error minimization (SEM) criterion is an intrinsically complex and computationally intensive task. In this paper a low‐complexity approximate SEM approach is discussed, based on the iteration of multi‐step PEM methods. The soundness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by showing that, for sufficiently high prediction horizons, the k‐steps ahead (single‐ or multi‐step) PEM criteria converge to the SEM one. Identifiability issues and convergence properties of the algorithm are also discussed. Some examples are provided to illustrate the mentioned properties of the algorithm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copolymer Networks Based on Poly(ω‐pentadecalactone) and Poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)Segments as a Versatile Triple‐Shape Polymer System
Authors: Zotzmann Jörg , Behl Marc , Feng Yakai , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThermo‐sensitive triple‐shape polymers can perform two consecutive shape changes in response to heat. These shape changes correspond to the recovery of two different deformations in reverse order, which were programmed previously at elevated temperature levels (Tmid and Thigh) by the application of external stress. Recently, an AB copolymer network was described, which surprisingly exhibited a triple‐shape effect despite being programmed with only one deformation at Thigh. Here it is explored whether a copolymer network system can be designed that enables a one‐step deformation process at ambient temperature (cold drawing) as a novel, gentle, and easy‐to‐handle triple‐shape‐creation procedure, in addition to the procedures reported to date, which generally involve deformation(s) at elevated temperature(s). A copolymer‐network system with two crystallizable polyester segments is synthesized and characterized, fulfilling two crucial criteria. These materials can be deformed at ambient temperature by cold drawing and show, even at Thigh, which is above the melting points of both switching domains, elongation at break of up to 250%. Copolymer networks with PCL contents of 75 and 50 wt% show a triple‐shape effect after cold drawing with shape‐fixity ratios between 65% and 80% and a total‐shape‐recovery ratio above 97%. Furthermore, in these copolymer networks, the triple‐shape effect can be obtained after a one‐step deformation at Thigh. Independent of the temperature at which the deformation is applied (ambient temperature or Thigh), copolymer networks that have the same compositions show similar switching temperatures and proportioning of the recovery in two steps. The two‐step programming procedure enables a triple‐shape effect in copolymer networks for an even broader range of compositions. This versatile triple‐shape‐material system based on tailored building blocks is an interesting candidate material for applications in fixation systems or disassembling systems.
Fluorene‐Carbazole Dendrimers: Synthesis, Thermal, Photophysical and Electroluminescent Device Properties
Authors: Usluer Ozlem , Demic Serafettin , Egbe Daniel A. M. , Birckner Eckhard , Tozlu Cem , Pivrikas Almantas , Ramil Alberto Montaigne , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNovel hole‐transporting dendrimeric molecules containing dioctylfluorene, spirobi(fluorene) and spiro(cylododecane‐fluorene) as the core unit and different numbers of carbazole and thiophene moieties as the peripheral groups are synthesized. All the dendrimers are characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, UV–vis, PL spectroscopy, and MALDI‐TOF. They are thermally stable with high glass transition and decomposition temperatures and exhibit chemically reversible redox processes. They are used as the hole‐transporting layer (HTL) material for multilayer organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a low turn‐on voltage of around 2.5 V and a bright green emission with a maximum luminance of around 25400 cd m−2.
Carbon Nanotubes: Measuring Dispersion and Length
Authors: Fagan Jeffrey A. , Bauer Barry J. , Hobbie Erik K. , Becker Matthew L. , Hight Walker Angela R. , Simpson Jeffrey R. , Chun Jaehun , Obrzut Jan , Bajpai Vardhan , Phelan Fred R. , Simien Daneesh , Huh Ji Yeon , Migler Kalman B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAdvanced technological uses of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) rely on the production of single length and chirality populations that are currently only available through liquid‐phase post processing. The foundation of all of these processing steps is the attainment of individualized nanotube dispersions in solution. An understanding of the colloidal properties of the dispersed SWCNTs can then be used to design appropriate conditions for separations. In many instances nanotube size, particularly length, is especially active in determining the properties achievable in a given population, and, thus, there is a critical need for measurement technologies for both length distribution and effective separation techniques. In this Progress Report, the current state of the art for measuring dispersion and length populations, including separations, is documented, and examples are used to demonstrate the desirability of addressing these parameters.
Molecular characterization of a new patient with a non‐recurrent inv dup del 2q and review of the mechanisms for this rearrangement
Authors: Vera‐Carbonell Ascensión , López‐Expósito Isabel , Bafalliu Juan Antonio , Ballesta‐Martínez María , Glóver Guillermo , Llópis Carina , Moya‐Quiles Rosa , Suela Javier , Fernández Asunción , Guillén‐Navarro Encarna 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report on newborn baby with microcephaly, facial anomalies, congenital heart defects, hypotonia, wrist contractures, long fingers, adducted thumbs, and club feet. Cytogenetic studies revealed an inverted duplication with terminal deletion (inv dup del) of 2q in the patient and a paternal 2qter deletion polymorphism. Microsatellite markers demonstrated that the inv dup del was maternal in origin and intrachromosomal. Intra or interchromosomal rearrangements may cause this aberration either by a U‐type exchange (end‐to‐end fusion), an unequal crossover between inverted repeats (non‐allelic homologous recombination: NAHR), or through breakage‐fusion‐bridge (BFB) cycles leading to a sister chromatid fusion by non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ). A high‐resolution oligo array‐CGH (244 K) defined the breakpoints and did not detect a single copy region with a size exceeding 12.93 Kb in the fusion site. The size of the duplicated segment was 38.75 Mb, extending from 2q33.1 to 2q37.3 and the size of the terminal deletion was 2.85 Mb in 2q37.3. Our results indicate that the inv dup del (2q) is likely a non‐recurrent chromosomal rearrangement generated by a NHEJ mechanism. The major clinical characteristics associated with this 2q rearrangement overlap with those commonly found in patients with 2q duplication reported in the literature. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Introductory comments on special section—New developments in craniofacial biology: Putting on a happy face
Authors: Shanske Alan L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractApproximately three quarters of children with birth defects have anomalies that affect the craniofacial structures. Defects in this area of the body result in lifelong disability, major challenges to families and society and often a serious effect on life expectancy. Surgery has been the primary intervention for these disorders, with frequently less than optimal outcomes and risk for additional morbidity and mortality. The challenge for clinicians caring for these children is to develop new methods for the treatment and prevention of these disorders. An understanding of the evolution of the head and the finely tuned temporospatial signaling pathways involved is critical to understanding the origins of the vertebrates as well as of human craniofacial malformations. In the future, these new approaches will be based upon our enhanced understanding of the developmental tool kit fashioned by evolution and the application of this knowledge toward the development of new diagnostic, pharmacologic, and genetic interventions for these disorders. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutations in the G6PC3 gene cause Dursun syndrome
Authors: Banka Siddharth , Newman William G. , Özgül R. Koksal , Dursun Ali 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDursun syndrome is a triad of familial primary pulmonary hypertension, leucopenia, and atrial septal defect. Here we demonstrate that mutations in G6PC3 cause Dursun syndrome. Mutations in G6PC3 are known to also cause severe congenital neutropenia type 4. Identification of the genetic basis of Dursun syndrome expands the pre‐existing knowledge about the phenotypic effects of mutations in G6PC3. We propose that Dursun syndrome should now be considered as a subset of severe congenital neutropenia type 4 with pulmonary hypertension as an important clinical feature. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The ancient Egyptian dwarfs of the Walters Art Museum
Authors: Kozma Chahira 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe ancient Egyptians left an impressive artistic legacy documenting many aspects of their society including the existence of dwarfs as highly valued members. In previous publications in theJournal, I discussed dwarfs and skeletal dysplasia in ancient Egypt. In this study, I examined the ancient Egyptian representations of dwarfs of the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, Maryland. One of the highlights of the collection is a group of five ivory figurines from Predynastic Times (pre 3500–3100 BCE) depicting a couple, a man with a child, and two females. Representations from other periods include ordinary as well as dwarf deities. The dwarf gods, Bes and Ptah, are frequently depicted holding or biting snakes or standing on crocodiles symbolizing their ability to ward off dangers. A couple of statuettes from the Greco‐Roman Period that, in contrast to earlier Egyptian Periods, depict harsh physical anomalies, twisted bodies, and facial pain. The artistic impression can be interpreted as either tragic or humorous. The grotesque depiction of dwarfs during the Greco‐Roman Period in ancient Egypt is believed to be due to a greater infusion of Hellenistic influence. This study provides a microcosm of the legacy of dwarfs in ancient Egypt and supports the premise that dwarfs were accepted and integrated in the ancient Egyptian society, and with a few exceptions, their disorder was not depicted as a physical handicap. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Communication of biobanks' research results: What do (potential) participants want?
Authors: Meulenkamp Tineke M. , Gevers Sjef K. , Bovenberg Jasper A. , Koppelman Gerard H. , Vlieg Astrid van Hylckama , Smets Ellen M.A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate (potential) research participants' (a) information preferences with regard to receiving biobanks' genetic research results, and (b) attitudes towards the duties of researchers to communicate research results. A total group of 1,678 was analyzed, consisting of a sample of the general Dutch population (N = 1,163) and patients with asthma, rhinitis, and thrombosis (N = 515) who completed a survey including six fictitious genetic research results each presented as aggregate and individual result, varied for treatability and kind of disease. Five questions assessed attitudes towards researchers' duties to communicate research results. Additionally, background characteristics were measured. A majority of the respondents wanted to receive aggregate results as well as individual results. A small majority (59%) held the view that researchers should communicate individual results with no health consequences. One third agreed with an information duty only when treatment is available. A preference for individual results and an attitude in favor of communicating results were both associated with belonging to the general Dutch population rather than being a patient, wanting to learn about own health as the reason for biobank‐participation, a monitoring coping style, a general desire for health information, perceived meaningfulness of genetic information and no anticipated anxiousness. A sizable majority of respondents showed a high information preference for individual results, even when it is unclear that treatment is available. Fewer were of the opinion that researchers should make this possible. For their communication policy biobanks should take notice of (potential) participants' high information preferences and expectations. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.