bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrolytic lignin removal for the valorization of biomass pyrolysis crude bio‐oil by catalytic transformation
Authors: Gayubo A. G. , Valle B. , Aguayo A. T. , Olazar M. , Bilbao J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The catalytic processes for valorizing the bio‐oil obtained from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis face the problem that a great amount of carbonaceous material is deposited on the catalyst due to the polymerization of phenol‐derived compounds in the crude bio‐oil. This carbonaceous material blocks the catalytic bed and contributes to rapid catalyst deactivation. This paper studies an on‐line two‐step process, in which the first one separates the polymerizable material and produces a reproducible material whose valorization is of commercial interest.RESULTS: The establishment of a step for pyrolytic lignin deposition at 400 °C avoids the blockage of the on‐line catalytic bed and attenuates the deactivation of a HZSM‐5 zeolite based catalyst used for hydrocarbon production. The origin of catalyst deactivation is coke deposition, which has two fractions (thermal and catalytic), whose content is attenuated by prior pyrolytic lignin separation and by co‐feeding methanol. The morphology and properties of the material deposited in the first step (pyrolytic lignin) are similar to lignins obtained as a by‐product in wood pulp manufacturing.CONCLUSIONS: The proposed reaction strategy, with two steps (thermal and catalytic) in series, valorizes the crude bio‐oil by solving the problems caused by the polymerization of phenolic compounds, which are obtained in the pyrolysis of the lignin contained in lignocellulosic biomass. Given that a by‐product (pyrolytic lignin) is obtained with similar properties to the lignin from wood pulping manufacturing, the perspectives for the viability of lignocellulosic biomass valorization are promising, which is essential for furthering its implementation in biorefinery processes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetic study of the manganese‐based catalytic hydrogen peroxide oxidation of a persistent azo‐dye
Authors: Tizaoui Chedly , Karodia Nazira , Aburowais Mohsen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The discharge of synthetic dyes by the textile industry into the environment poses concerns due to their persistence and toxicity. New efficient treatment processes are required to effectively degrade these dyes. The aim of this work was to study the degradation of a persistent dye (Drimarene Brilliant Reactive Red K‐4BL, C.I.147) using H2O2 oxidation catalysed by an Mn(III)‐saltren catalyst and to develop a kinetic model for this system.RESULTS: Dye oxidation with H2O2 was significantly improved by the addition of the catalyst. As the pH was increased from 3 to 10, the oxidation rates increased significantly. The kinetic model developed in this study was found to adequately explain the experimental results. In particular, dye oxidation can be described at high pH by pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. A Michaelis–Menton type equation was developed from the model and was found to adequately describe the effect of H2O2 and catalyst concentrations on the apparent pseudo‐first‐order rate constant. Optimum catalyst and H2O2 concentrations of 500 mg L−1 and 6.3 g L−1, respectively, were found to give maximum reaction rates.CONCLUSION: Catalytic H2O2 oxidation was found to be effective for the removal of persistent dye and the results obtained in this work are of significance for design and scale‐up of a treatment process. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells promotes functional improvement and increased expression of neurotrophic factors in a rat focal cerebral ischemia model
Authors: Wakabayashi Kiryo , Nagai Atsushi , Sheikh Abdullah Md. , Shiota Yuri , Narantuya Dashdemberel , Watanabe Tatsuzo , Masuda Junichi , Kobayashi Shotai , Kim Seung U. , Yamaguchi Shuhei 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that intravenous transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in rat ischemia models reduces ischemia‐induced brain damage. Here, we analyzed the expression of neurotrophic factors in transplanted human MSCs and host brain tissue in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) ischemia model. At 1 day after transient MCAO, 3 × 106 immortalized human MSC line (B10) cells or PBS was intravenously transplanted. Behavioral tests, infarction volume, and B10 cell migration were investigated at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after MCAO. The expression of endogenous (rat origin) and exogenous (human origin) neurotorphic factors and cytokines was evaluated by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. Compared with PBS controls, rats receiving MSC transplantation showed improved functional recovery and reduced brain infarction volume at 7 and 14 days after MCAO. In MSC‐transplanted brain, among many neurotrofic factors, only human insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) was detected in the core and ischemic border zone at 3 days after MCAO, whereas host cells expressed markedly higher neurotrophic factors (rat origin) than control rats, especially vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at 3 days and epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) at 7 days after MCAO. Intravenously transplanted human MSCs induced functional improvement, reduced infarct volume, and neuroprotection in ischemic rats, possibly by providing IGF‐1 and inducing VEGF, EGF, and bFGF neurotrophic factors in host brain. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Engineering scaffold‐free bone tissue using bone marrow stromal cell sheets
Authors: Ma Dongyang , Ren Liling , Liu Yanpu , Chen Fulin , Zhang Junrui , Xue Zhenxun , Mao Tianqiu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe use of exogenous scaffolds to engineer bone tissue faces several drawbacks including insufficient biological activity, potential immunogenicity, elevated inflammatory reaction, fluctuating degradation rate, and low cell‐attachment efficiency. To circumvent these limitations, we sought to engineer large scaffold‐free bone tissue using cell sheets. We harvested intact cell sheets from bone marrow stromal cells using a continuous culture method and a scraping technique. The cell sheets were then rolled and fabricated into large constructs. Finally, the constructs were implanted into the subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. The cells within the sheet maintained in vitro osteogenic potential after osteoblast differentiation. Computed tomography scans and histological examination confirmed new bone formation in vivo. Additionally, the engineered bone exhibited enhanced compressive strength. Our results indicate that the BMSC sheets can facilitate the formation of functional three‐dimensional bone tissue without the use of exogenous scaffolds. Hence, the study provides an intriguing alternative strategy for bone repair. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:697–702, 2010
Microcomputed tomography assessment of glenoid component cementation techniques in total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Hasan Syed Ashfaq , Cox Wesley K. , Syed Muhammad , Suva Larry J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractVarious strategies have been described to improve glenoid component cementation technique in shoulder arthroplasty, such as the “weephole” technique (WH), which is thought to allow for improved cement mantles by suction venting the glenoid vault through the coracoid. The purpose of this study was to compare the cement mantle created using standard syringe pressurization (SP) to WH or a new, modified weephole technique (MWH), not requiring specific instrumentation of the coracoid medullary canal. Fourteen cadaveric scapulae underwent preparation of the glenoid to allow for implantation of glenoid components. Component fixation was achieved using SP, WH, or MWH. The volumes of cement surrounding each individual peg on the component, of the cement mantle between the back of the glenoid, and of the reamed glenoid face were quantified using micro‐CT. Compared to SP, significantly larger cement mantles were observed around all pegs with both the WH (p = 0.023) and MWH (p = 0.007). Similarly, both the WH and MWH techniques demonstrated significantly decreased cement behind the glenoid component (p = 0.003) compared to SP, with no significant difference between the WH and the MWH techniques. Both WH and MWH techniques increase cement mantle volume around individual pegs and decrease the amount of glenoid face cement compared to conventional SP. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:559–564, 2010
Textural, nutritional and functional attributes in tomato genotypes for breeding better quality varieties
Authors: Saha Supradip , Hedau Nirmal K , Mahajan Vinay , Singh Gyanendra , Gupta Hari S , Gahalain Anita 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Screening of natural biodiversity for their better quality attributes is of prime importance for quality breeding programmes. A set of 53 tomato genotypes was measured for their textural [skin firmness, pericarp thickness, total soluble solids (TSS)], nutritional [phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and titrable acidity (TA)] and functional (β‐carotene, lycopene and ascorbic acid) quality attributes.RESULT: Three sets of data (textural, nutritional and functional attributes) were obtained and analysed for their mutual relationships. Wide variations were observed in most of the measurements, e.g. skin firmness (coefficient of variability (CV) 269‐612 g), pericarp thickness (CV 1.4–4.9 mm), potassium (CV 229–371 mg 100 g−1), iron (CV 611–1772 mg 100 g−1), ascorbic acid (CV 12–86 mg 100 g−1), suggesting that there are considerable levels of genetic diversity. Significant correlations (P < 0.05, 0.01) were also detected among different attributes of tomato genotypes, such as phosphorus and zinc with a correlation coefficient of 0.74, ascorbic acid and copper of 0.57, pericarp thickness and lycopene of − 0.52. However, there were no correlations between textural and nutritional attributes. Five factors were computed by principal component analysis that explained 66% of the variation in the attributes, among which all micronutrients other than iron, TSS, firmness and β‐carotene were most important. Functional attributes except β‐carotene played a less important role in explaining total variation.CONCLUSION: This knowledge could aid in the efficient conservation of important parts of the agricultural biodiversity of India. These results are also potentially useful for tomato breeders working on the development of new varieties. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative in vitro Cytotoxicity Toward Human Osteoprogenitor Cells of Polycaprolactones Synthesized from Various Metallic Initiators
Authors: Schappacher Michèle , Le Hellaye Maude , Bareille Reine , Durrieu Marie‐Christine , Guillaume Sophie M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractVarious poly(ε‐caprolactone)s (PCLs) prepared by ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone (CL) initiated by a range of metallic derivatives such as alkoxides, Al(OiPr)3, La(OiPr)3, Sn(octanoate)2, Ti(OiPr)4, Zn[O(CH2)3NHtBoc]2, or borohydride La(BH4)3(THF)3 were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity. The amount of residual metal present in the polymer samples was measured and compared to the initial quantity introduced. The effect of the metallic system on the biocompatibility profiles of the resulting polyesters was evaluated in vitro on PCL films from a series of cytotoxicity tests involving MTT and neutral red assays upon exposure to human osteoprogenitor cells. The absence of toxic influence of all these PCLs suggests that they may be used as biomaterials in contact with living human cells.magnified image
A Highly Efficient siRNA Carrier of PBLG Modified Hyperbranched PEI
Authors: Chen Jie , Tian Huayu , Guo Zhaopei , Xia Jialiang , Kano Arihiro , Maruyama Atsushi , Jing Xiabin , Chen Xuesi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn search for effective non‐viral gene vectors for the delivery of siRNA, a copolymer was designed and synthesized by grafting hydrophobic poly(γ‐benzyl L‐glutamate) segment (PBLG) to hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PEI‐PBLG). PEI‐PBLG could efficiently deliver siRNA to cells to silence the targeted gene. Markedly, PEI‐PBLG caused lower cytotoxicity in comparison to unmodified PEI. The siRNA complexed with PEI‐PBLG showed a remarkable knockdown (75.23% relative to untreated cells, without changing the medium after 6 h of incubation) of the targeted luciferase gene in stable expressing luciferase CT26 cells while the Lipofectamine™2000 and unmodified PEI could only achieve knockdown rates of 57.92% and 15.31%, respectively. The siRNA complexed with PEI‐PBLG also demonstrated that it had greater gene silencing ability than unmodified PEI and Lipofectamin™2000 in both 4T1 cells stably transfected with the luciferase gene and HeLa cells transiently transfected with the luciferase gene. The internalization efficiency of carrier/Alexa647‐labeled siRNA was quantified using flow cytometry. PEI‐PBLG/Alexa647‐labeled siRNA showed internalization efficiency of 52.67% while PEI and Lipofectamine™2000 demonstrated 27.23% and 37.91%, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) assay also indicated that PEI‐PBLG induced higher cell uptake efficiency than other commercial reagents. PEI‐PBLG was shown to be a promising siRNA carrier with potential application in cancer therapy.magnified image
25 years of Psychology & Marketing: a multidimensional review
Authors: Shabbir Haseeb Ahmed , Reast Jon , Palihawadana Dayananda 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe first issue of Psychology & Marketing was published in 1984. The journal was conceived as a forum for academics and practitioners in psychology, marketing, and related fields to engage in an exchange of scholarly information. The raison d'être of the journal was to bring psychologically sophisticated information and methodologies to bear on all aspects of marketing theory and practice. This review analyzes the performance of Psychology & Marketing from several perspectives, and includes data comparing its performance to the performance of other journals. Looking back over the last 25 years of its history, it seems fair to conclude that Psychology & Marketing has clearly delivered on its tacit promise of effectively building the knowledge base of marketing through psychology‐based insights. Looking forward, it seems reasonable to anticipate that the journal's well‐established track record in terms of diversity in the content, research design, and methodologies of its published articles will continue to stand as a welcome and refreshing distinction from other journals covering comparable domains of study. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Third‐person perception and purchase behavior in response to various selling methods
Authors: Tal‐Or Nurit , Shilo Shiri , Meister Talia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo studies investigated whether various tactics of personal selling that generate different levels of resistance also produce different degrees of third‐person perceptions. Furthermore, the studies compared third‐person perceptions to the actual influence on behavior. Study 1 showed that more direct and blatant selling methods produce more TPP. Study 2 showed that people tend to underestimate the influence of the more direct method, especially with regard to themselves. The study concludes by identifying the ideal selling method as one in which the customers are asked about their willingness to listen to the sales campaign before they are told about it. This method increases sales and creates satisfied customers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Fluorescent Properties of Biodegradable Hyperbranched Poly(amido amine)s
Authors: Yang Wen , Pan Cai‐Yuan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDisulfide‐functionalized hyperbranched poly(amido amine)s (HPAMAMs) were synthesized by Michael addition polymerization of N,N'‐cystaminebisacrylamide and 1‐(2‐aminoethyl)piperazine. The novel HPAMAMs displayed bright fluorescence, and the emissions bands cover nearly the whole visible wavelength range. When polymer solutions were excited at 330–385, 460–490, and 510–550 nm, blue, green, and red solutions were observed, respectively. The HPAMAMs are biodegradable and they can be easily cleaved by 2‐mercaptoethanol or glutathione, leading to a decrease in the fluorescence intensity. Studies of applications of the biocompatible and biodegradable HPAMAMs in fluorescence imaging technology and biological science are in progress.magnified image
Dopamine agonist‐induced antecollis in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Uzawa Akiyuki , Mori Masahiro , Kojima Shigeyuki , Mitsuma Satsuki , Sekiguchi Yukari , Kanesaka Toshihide , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFew cases of dopamine agonist‐induced antecollis in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been reported. Literature review of 16 PD patients including our 3 cases with dopamine agonist‐induced antecollis showed predominance of (1) Japanese, (2) women, and (3) Hoehn‐Yahr stage of ≥3. We experienced three Japanese PD patients who subacutely exhibited antecollis following increased dopamine agonist dose that improved just after withdrawal of the agonist. One patient developed antecollis during increasing pramipexole dose in combination with cabergoline. Antecollis in another patient appeared during increasing pramipexole dose; it worsened after substituting pergolide for pramipexole, but improved after withdrawal of pergolide. Our cases indicate that there is no specific dopamine agonist causing antecollis, and it is possibly caused by a number of single dopamine agonists or a combination of them. Dopamine agonist‐induced antecollis should be considered when encountering antecollis in PD patients being treated with dopamine agonists and withdrawal of the agonist can improve symptoms. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Alpha‐synuclein polymorphisms are associated with Parkinson's disease in a Saskatchewan population
Authors: Rajput Alex , Vilariño‐Güell Carles , Rajput Michele L. , Ross Owen A. , Soto‐Ortolaza Alexandra I. , Lincoln Sarah J. , Cobb Stephanie A. , Heckman Michael G. , Farrer Matthew J. , Rajput Ali 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAlpha‐synuclein gene (SNCA) mutations cause familial Parkinsonism but the role of SNCA variability in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) remains incompletely defined. We report a study of SNCA genetic variation in 452 idiopathic PD cases and 245 controls. SNCA copy number mutations were not associated with early‐onset disease in this population. The minor allele “G” at rs356165 was associated with increased odds of PD (P = 0.013) and genetic variation in D4S3481 (Rep1) was associated with age of disease onset (P = 0.007). There was a trend toward association between variation at rs2583988 and rapid PD progression. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Accuracy of Parkinson's disease diagnosis in 610 general practice patients in the West of Scotland
Authors: Newman Edward J. , Breen Kieran , Patterson Jim , Hadley Donald M. , Grosset Katherine A. , Grosset Donald G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUK‐based community studies have found high rates of misdiagnosis in Parkinson's disease (PD). Searches of prescription databases and case records identified 610 patients taking antiparkinson therapy for a PD diagnosis in 92 West of Scotland General Practices. Patients with no documented progression of parkinsonism and/or no increase in antiparkinson medication for 3 years were assessed by two movement disorder specialists. FP‐CIT SPECT scanning was performed in clinically uncertain cases. Those considered unlikely to have PD had antiparkinson drugs tapered then stopped, with a minimum of 6 months follow‐up. Age, sex and disease duration matched controls were also assessed. 64 of 89 (71.9%) patients meeting selection criteria were assessed, of whom 36 (56.3%) were appropriate for therapy withdrawal. Thirty three of those 36 patients (91.7%) and 3 of 64 (4.7%) controls stopped antiparkinson therapy without deterioration giving an overall total of 36 of 610 (5.9%). The revised diagnoses in this group were mainly essential tremor (ET) (n = 14) and vascular parkinsonism (VP) (n = 10). Patients managed in Primary Care were significantly more likely to complete therapy withdrawal than those attending a specialist clinic (15.3% vs. 2.6%, P < 0.0001). The total annual cost of antiparkinson medication for these 36 patients was £13,400; the mean duration of diagnosis was 6.8 years (SD 5.6). At least 1 in every 20 patients taking medication for PD is misdiagnosed. Nearly all of these patients can be identified by simple screening of prescription databases and case records in Primary Care, followed by clinical review, which allows withdrawal of unnecessary medication. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Cold‐drawn induced microstructure in PVC‐bentonite nanocomposites
Authors: Romero‐Guzmán Maria Eugenia , Flores Osvaldo , Flores Araceli , Romo‐Uribe Angel , Alvarado‐Tenorio Bonifacio , Campillo Bernardo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe mechanical properties and cold drawn‐induced micro and nanostructure of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)‐bentonite nanocomposites have been investigated. Molded sheets with 5 wt% concentration of bentonite and two processing additives were melt extruded and two‐roll‐milled processed. The flame retardant additive promoted polymer intercalation whereas a pigment dispersant promoted clay exfoliation, the polymer matrix showed isotropic orientation. The intercalated nanocomposite exhibited nanoplates oriented with their planes parallel to the molded sheet surface and the Young's modulus and yield stress were significantly enhanced relative to neat PVC. The strain at fracture (∼144%) was slightly reduced relative to the matrix (∼167%). Cold drawing induced molecular chain orientation along the tensile axis and preserved the orientation of the intercalated nanoclays. The fracture mechanism, as investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed plastic fracture mechanism (similar to neat PVC). On the other hand, the exfoliated nanocomposite did not show any improvement in mechanical properties but rather a significant decay of strain at fracture (∼44%). The fractured region, as examined by SEM, exhibited microvoid morphology. Analysis of the fractured region showed PVC macromolecules oriented along the tensile axis but no preferred orientation of the nanoclays. The limited strain at fracture found for this material appears to be associated with the initially randomly oriented nanoclays being unable to orient under the tensile deformation. The nanoclays would act as stress concentrators leading to rapid material's failure due to loss of adhesion with the polymer matrix. The results suggest that exfoliated nanoclays could play a detrimental role when the nanocomposite is subjected to large deformations at temperatures well within the glassy regime. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sternenstaub in Meteoriten und Kometen
Authors: Hoppe Peter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDie Entdeckung von Sternenstaub in wenig verändertem Material aus unserem Sonnensystem hat der Astronomie ein neues Fenster ins Weltall eröffnet. Mit Hilfe hochentwickelter Analysemethoden können diese Relikte aus der Frühzeit unseres Sonnensystems in irdischen Laboren detailliert auf ihre Isotopenzusammensetzungen, Chemie und Struktur hin untersucht werden. Daraus ergeben sich wichtige Rückschlüsse über die Elementsynthese in Sternen, Staubentstehung in der Umgebung von Sternen, chemische und physikalische Prozesse im interstellaren Medium und über die Frühgeschichte unseres Sonnensystems. Es ist sogar möglich, Sterntypen zu identifizieren, die Staub zum solaren Urnebel beigesteuert haben.