bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upstream and downstream controls of recent avulsions on the Taquari megafan, Pantanal, south‐western Brazil
Authors: Makaske Bart , Maathuis Ben H. P. , Padovani Carlos R. , Stolker Chris , Mosselman Erik , Jongman Rob H. G. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTAvulsion, the natural relocation of a river, is a key process in the evolution of subaerial fans, river floodplains and deltas. The causes of avulsion are poorly understood, which is partly due to the scarcity of field studies of present avulsions. At present, two avulsions are occurring on the middle and lower Taquari megafan, Pantanal basin, south‐western Brazil. Here we present an analysis of the causes of these avulsions based on field and remote sensing data and show that avulsions on megafans can be controlled by both upstream and downstream processes.The middle fan avulsion (started in 1997–1998) is a result of upstream control: overbank aggradation was caused by the (variable) input of sandy sediment into the system, which caused channel‐belt superelevation and also created an easily erodible subsurface favouring bank retreat, crevassing, and scour of deep floodplain channels. The sandy subsurface in this area is inferred to have been a major factor in the causation of this avulsion under conditions of little gradient advantage.The lower fan avulsion (started c. 1990) results from interplay of upstream and downstream controls, the latter being related to the local base level (the Paraguay River floodplain) at the toe of the fan. Channel and overbank aggradation on the lower fan was influenced by fan sub‐lobe progradation and channel backfilling. Fan sub‐lobe progradation caused a significant gradient advantage of the avulsion channel over the parent channel.Avulsions are commonly supposed to be preferentially triggered by high‐magnitude floods, when there is considerable channel‐belt superelevation. However, both avulsions studied by us were triggered by small to average floods, with modest channel‐belt superelevation. We conclude that flood magnitude and channel‐belt superelevation have been overrated as causes of avulsion, and demonstrate additional causes that influence the growth of crevasses into avulsions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early recurrence or submucosal residual of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Diagnosis by CT‐guided endolaryngeal core biopsy on a transcutaneous approach
Authors: Rousset Jean , Abgral Ronan , Chinellato Sandra , Garetier Marc , Barberot Céline , Valette Gérald , Potard Gaël , Le Bivic Thierry , Salaun Pierre–Yves 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound and CT‐guided biopsy is a common procedure for histologic diagnosis of recurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The present study describes a novel CT‐guided endolaryngeal puncture site.Methods and ResultsA 59‐year‐old man was treated for a T2N0M0 supraglottic laryngeal tumor by laser resection and bilateral lymph node dissection; exeresis was judged complete. Six‐month follow‐up found persistent dysphonia. Endoscopic examination and iterative biopsy gave reassuring results, but 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography‐CT (18FDG PET‐CT) found highly suspicious increased right hemilaryngeal metabolic activity. Diagnosis of residual tumor was confirmed on CT‐guided endolaryngeal biopsy.ConclusionsImage‐guided biopsy is the technique of choice in head and neck lesions that are deep or difficult to palpate and inaccessible to endoscopy. It is especially useful when recurrence is suspected after radiation therapy or cancer surgery. Many puncture sites have been reported in the literature; the present novel laryngeal approach extends the range of image‐guided biopsy, although further studies will be needed to assess possible morbidity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Quantification of the effect of treatment duration on local‐regional failure after definitive concurrent chemotherapy and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Platek Mary E. , McCloskey Susan A. , Cruz Myra , Burke Mark S. , Reid Mary E. , Wilding Gregory E. , Rigual Nestor R. , Popat Saurin R. , Loree Thom R. , Gupta Vishal , Warren Graham W. , Sullivan Maureen , Hicks Wesley L. , Singh Anurag K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of treatment duration on locoregional progression after definitive concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of patients treated between 2004 and 2010. After a prior analysis, measures were taken to limit therapy beyond 7 weeks. Comparison of outcomes were made between cohorts 1 (2004–2007, n = 78) and 2 (2007–2010, n = 62).ResultsMedian therapy duration was statistically significantly different between cohorts as follows: 51 days, cohort 1 and 46 days, cohort 2 (p < .01). Locoregional progression in cohorts 1 and 2 was 19% and 5% (p = .01), respectively. On multivariate analysis, patients with prolonged treatment (≥57 days) had an 8‐fold increase in risk of locoregional progression compared to patients who completed on time (p < .01).ConclusionTreatment duration was a significant predictor of locoregional progression in patients with SCCHN who received definitive CCRT. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Assessing the prevalence of mental health disorders and mental health needs among preschool children in care in England
Authors: Hillen Thomas , Gafson Leonie , Drage Laura , Conlan Louise‐Margaret 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAlthough school‐aged children living in foster care have been identified as a high‐risk group for mental health and developmental disorders, there is a paucity of data relating to preschool children in care (CIC). This study aimed to identify the prevalence of mental health and developmental disorders along with corresponding need for interventions in preschool CIC. All CIC aged 0 to 5 years in an inner city local authority underwent comprehensive, multifaceted assessments consisting of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (J. Squires, D. Bricker, & E. Twombly, 2003), interviews with caregivers based on the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (H.L. Egger & A. Angold, 2006), Mullen Scales of Early Learning (E.M. Mullen, 1995), and systematic clinical observation. Of 58 eligible preschoolers, 43 completed the assessment. At least one mental health disorder was found in 26 (60.5%) participants, and at least one developmental disorder was found in 11 (25.6%). When mental health and/or developmental disorders were considered together, 30 (69.8%) preschoolers fulfilled criteria for at least one diagnosis, and 18 (41.9%) had two or more comorbid conditions. Whereas 36 (83.7%) of the preschoolers needed an intervention, only 3 of these had received adequate input. In conclusion, preschool CIC constitute a high‐risk group for mental health and developmental disorders. Without age‐appropriate assessments, their needs go undetected, and opportunities for early intervention are being missed.
Emotionally avoidant language in the parenting interviews of substance‐dependent mothers: Associations with reflective functioning, recent substance use, and parenting behavior
Authors: Borelli Jessica L. , West Jessica L. , Decoste Cindy , Suchman Nancy E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractParenting and emotion regulation are two known, and potentially interrelated, areas of impairment among substance‐abusing mothers. In this study, we examine substance ‐abusing mothers' (positive and negative) emotion language word use during their discussion of negative parenting experiences on the Parent Development Interview for its association with reflective functioning (RF), recent substance‐use history, and sensitivity to child cues. Within a sample of 47 methadone‐maintained mothers, we evaluate the hypothesis that linguistic evidence of emotional avoidance (more frequent positive feeling words and less frequent negative emotion words) will be associated with lower RF, more recent substance use, and more insensitive parenting. Further, we evaluate whether language use mediates the association between self‐focused RF and insensitive parenting. Results of hierarchical regressions suggest that more frequent positive feeling word use, but not negative emotion word use, is associated with lower RF, more recent substance use, and lower sensitivity to child cues. Positive feeling word use partially mediates the association between self‐focused RF and insensitive parenting. Results are discussed in the context of their contribution to the literature on emotion and parenting in substance‐abusing populations.
Changes in nutrient allocation between roots and shoots of young maize plants during sulfate deprivation
Authors: Bouranis Dimitris L. , Chorianopoulou Styliani N. , Siyiannis Vassilis F. , Protonotarios Vassilis E. , Koufos Christos , Maniou Philippa 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHydroponically grown maize (Zea mays L.) plants were deprived of the external source of sulfate following an initial period of 13 d during which the sulfur (S) supply was sufficient. The amounts of dry mass (DM), water, sulfate, sulfur, nitrate, ammonium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, boron, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese were monitored in the shoots and the roots for 10 d. The deprivation altered the nutritional balance between them, causing a 70% decrease of sulfate in shoots and roots after 2 d. At 10 d, 95% of sulfate had vanished in both shoots and roots. Total S remained rather constant in shoots or was slightly decreased in roots after 4 d. This coincided with a decrease of Fe in shoots after 4 d. The calculated decreases of S and Fe in –S shoots, up to 6 d were linearly correlated. Kinetic analysis of the changes revealed a sequence in their onset, and we distinguished early and late changes. Among the early changes, we highlight the following ones: (1) an increased amount of Cu in both shoots and roots at 2 d; Fe was 40% decreased in both shoots and roots at 2 d; (2) a decrease in transpiration rate by 35% after 2 d; (3) alterations in boron allocation; in –S shoots the % changes in S were linearly correlated with the corresponding % changes in B; (4) calcium content was not affected by the S deprivation in –S shoots, whilst it increased in –S root after d 2; (5) Mn and Mg decreased from the beginning and in a uniform fashion in both –S shoots and roots. Day 6 may be considered as the boundary between the early and late changes. The root fraction of DM increased progressively after 4 d. Changes in DM seemed to be similar to those of P. Changes of Zn also took place rather late. In –S shoots and for the time interval between 6 d and 10 d, linear correlations were found between the corresponding % changes of the pairs DM–S, DM–P, DM–N, DM–water, S–N, S–P, and N–P.
Expression and phylogeny of candidate genes for sex differentiation in a primitive fish species, the Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii
Authors: Berbejillo Julio , Martinez‐Bengochea Anabel , Bedo Gabriela , Brunet Frédéric , Volff Jean‐Nicolas , Vizziano‐Cantonnet Denise 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms underlying testis differentiation in basal actinopterygian fish remains poorly understood. The sex differentiation period was investigated in the Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii, by expression profiling of Sertoli cell transcription factors (dmrt1, sox9) that control testis differentiation in vertebrates; Leydig cell factors (cyp17a1, star) affecting androgen production; the androgen receptor (ar); a growth factor controlling testis development (igf1); and a gene coding for a gonadotropin hormone (lh). Two genes were characterised for the first time in the Siberian sturgeon (dmrt1, cyp17a1), while the others came from public databases. Sturgeon gonad development is very slow, with a late sexual differentiation time during their juvenile stage, and are still immature at 3 years of age. Immature fish showed a sex‐dimorphic pattern; all the genes studied displayed a higher expression level in male gonads. We took advantage of the presence of juvenile fish with pre‐ and post‐differentiated gonads (16 and 18 months old) to characterise them at the molecular level. The post‐differentiated fish displayed a sex dimorphism of gene expression in their gonads for all genes studied, with the exception of sox9. The trends in undifferentiated fish lead us to propose that sturgeons undergoing male differentiation express high levels of Sertoli cell factors (dmrt1, sox9) and of genes involved in the production and receptivity of androgens (cyp17a1, star and ar) together with lh. Expression profiles and phylogenetic studies suggest that these genes are potential regulators of testis development in the Siberian sturgeon.Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 504‐504, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Muscle function in A canine model of X‐linked myotubular myopathy
Authors: Grange Robert W. , Doering Jon , Mitchell Erin , Holder Melanie N. , Guan Xuan , Goddard Melissa , Tegeler Christopher , Beggs Alan H. , Childers Martin K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroduction: We established a colony of dogs that harbor an X‐linked MTM1 missense mutation.Muscle from affected male dogs exhibits reduction and altered localization of the MTM1 gene product, myotubularin, and provides a model analogous to X‐linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM). Methods: We studied hindlimb muscle function in age‐matched canine XLMTM genotypes between ages 9 and 18 weeks. Results: By the end of the study, affected dogs produce only ∼15% of the torque generated by normals or carriers (0.023 ± 0.005 vs. 0.152 ± 0.007 and 0.154 ± 0.003 N‐m/kg body mass, respectively, P < 0.05) and are too weak to stand unassisted. At this age, XLMTM dogs also demonstrate an abnormally low twitch:tetanus ratio, a right‐shifted torque‐frequency relationship and an increase in torque during repetitive stimulation (P < 0.05). Conclusions: We hypothesize that muscle weakness results from impaired excitation‐contraction (E‐C) coupling. Interventions that improve E‐C coupling might be translated from the XLMTM dog model to patients. Muscle Nerve 46: 588–591, 2012
Incidence and trends in Burkitt lymphoma in northern Tanzania from 2000 to 2009
Authors: Aka Peter , Kawira Esther , Masalu Nestory , Emmanuel Benjamin , Brubaker Glen , Magatti Josiah , Mbulaiteye Sam M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroductionBurkitt lymphoma (BL) is endemic in parts of Tanzania, but there is scant country or region level data about burden and trends of BL in Tanzania over the past three decades. Here, we update baseline epidemiology of BL in northern Tanzania using recent data.ProcedureData for childhood BL diagnosed at six hospitals in Mara and Mwanza regions in northern Tanzania during 2000–2009 were compiled. Age, sex, and regional patterns were analyzed. Crude incidence rates of BL were calculated by sex, anatomic site, geographical region, and calendar year.ResultsAmong 944 cases, 549 (58%) were male (male/female case ratio 1.4:1). Among those with known anatomic site (92%), facial only tumors represented a large proportion of tumors in boys than girls (50% vs. 36%, P < 0.002). Tumors occurred at a younger mean age in boys than girls (6.8 years vs. 7.6 years, P < 0.01). Crude BL incidence was 4.2 per 100,000, but varied by region (3.0 in Mwanza vs. 6.8 in Mara, P = 0.01), by district (1.4–22), by gender (5.0 in boys vs. 4.0 in girls), and by age group (2.0 in 0–4, 7.8 in 5–9, and 3.1 in 10–15 years). BL incidence peaked in 2001 and decreased gradually thereafter.ConclusionsOur results indicate that male sex, young age, and geographical characteristics are risk factors for BL in Tanzania. BL incidence declined with calendar year, but the significance of this finding is uncertain. Well‐designed epidemiological studies of BL in Tanzania may shed light on environmental characteristics underlying these patterns. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1234–1238. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of thermal stability on protein adsorption to silica using homologous aldo‐keto reductases
Authors: Felsovalyi Flora , Patel Tushar , Mangiagalli Paolo , Kumar Sanat K. , Banta Scott 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGaining more insight into the mechanisms governing the behavior of proteins at solid/liquid interfaces is particularly relevant in the interaction of high‐value biologics with storage and delivery device surfaces, where adsorption‐induced conformational changes may dramatically affect biocompatibility. The impact of structural stability on interfacial behavior has been previously investigated by engineering nonwild‐type stability mutants. Potential shortcomings of such approaches include only modest changes in thermostability, and the introduction of changes in the topology of the proteins when disulfide bonds are incorporated. Here we employ two members of the aldo‐keto reductase superfamily (alcohol dehydrogenase, AdhD and human aldose reductase, hAR) to gain a new perspective on the role of naturally occurring thermostability on adsorbed protein arrangement and its subsequent impact on desorption. Unexpectedly, we find that during initial adsorption events, both proteins have similar affinity to the substrate and undergo nearly identical levels of structural perturbation. Interesting differences between AdhD and hAR occur during desorption and both proteins exhibit some level of activity loss and irreversible conformational change upon desorption. Although such surface‐induced denaturation is expected for the less stable hAR, it is remarkable that the extremely thermostable AdhD is similarly affected by adsorption‐induced events. These results question the role of thermal stability as a predictor of protein adsorption/desorption behavior.
Holographic cosmological backgrounds, Wilson loop (de)confinement and dilaton singularities
Authors: Erdmenger J. , Ghoroku K. , Meyer R. , Papadimitriou I. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe review a construction of holographic geometries dual to ℳ︁ = 4 SYM theory on a Friedmann‐Robertson‐Walker background and in the presence or absence of a gluon condensate and instanton density. We find the most general solution with arbitrary scale factor and show that it is diffeomorphic to topological black holes. We introduce a time‐dependent boundary cosmological constant λ(t) and show energy‐momentum conservation in this background. For constant λ, the deconfinement properties of the temporal Wilson loop are analysed. In most cases the Wilson loop confines throughout cosmological evolution. However, there is an exceptional case which shows a transition from deconfinement at early times to confinement at late times. We classify the presence or absence of horizons, with important implications for the Wilson loop.
Toric bases for 6D F‐theory models
Authors: Morrison D.R. , Taylor W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe find all smooth toric bases that support elliptically fibered Calabi‐Yau threefolds, using the intersection structure of the irreducible effective divisors on the base. These bases can be used for F‐theory constructions of six‐dimensional quantum supergravity theories. There are 61,539 distinct possible toric bases. The associated 6D supergravity theories have a number of tensor multiplets ranging from 0 to 193. For each base an explicit Weierstrass parameterization can be determined in terms of the toric data. The toric counting of parameters matches with the gravitational anomaly constraint on massless fields. For bases associated with theories having a large number of tensor multiplets, there is a large non‐Higgsable gauge group containing multiple irreducible gauge group factors, particularly those having algebras 𝔢8, 𝔣4, and 𝔤g2 ⊕ 𝔰𝔲(2) with minimal (non‐Higgsable) matter.
Protein backbone structure determination using RDC: An inverse kinematics approach with fast and exact solutions
Authors: Pantos Sotirios I. , Tiligada Ekaterini 
Published: May 2012

AbstractResidual dipolar couplings (RDC) of proteins dissolved in anisotropic media promise to speed up the determination of protein structures. We consider the backbone as a robotic mechanism and formulate inverse kinematics problems using RDC restraints from two media. The φ, ψ of each secondary structure element (SSE) are computed from oriented vectors in consecutive peptide planes. We search for the optimum conformation joining the solutions of two independent backbone halves. The matrix transforming the vector Z of a global frame from one SSE into the other determines their orientation. Three distance constraints between two oriented SSE determine their relative position by solving nine polynomial equations. The benefit of this method is that complete and accurate solutions are obtained overcoming the local minima problems of heuristic procedures. The algorithm is implemented on MAPLE using the least number of experimental data; the runtimes take an order of seconds on a common PC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The flexural vibration of V shaped atomic force microscope cantilevers by using the Timoshenko beam theory
Authors: Sadeghi A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe resonant frequency of flexural vibration for a V shaped atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever has been investigated using the Timoshenko beam theory. Generally, three different regions are considered for V shaped cantilevers, one region with constant cross section and height and two double tapered regions. In this paper, the effects of the different parameters on the non‐dimensional frequency and sensitivity to the contact stiffness have been studied. The differential quadrature method (DQM) is applied to solve the nonlinear differential equations of motion. The results show that the resonant frequency decreases when Timoshenko beam parameter or cantilever thickness increases and high order modes are more sensitive to it. The first frequency is sensitive only in the lower range of contact stiffness, but the high order frequencies are sensitive to the contact stiffness in a larger range. It is possible to increase the range of sensitivity to the contact stiffness by increasing the width ratio for the first mode. By increasing both height and breadth taper ratios the resonant frequency increases. The resonant frequency is sensitive to the width ratio and by increasing this ratio, the resonant frequency decreases, but critical contact stiffness increases and finally the variations of the height and breadth taper ratios and width ratio are affected on the sensitivity to the contact stiffness. We show that the sensitivity to the contact stiffness can be increased by the variations of height taper ratio and this matter has never been investigated formerly.