bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction kinetics of CCLC process based on molecular simulation
Authors: Wang Tianshu , Li Zhe , Cui Zhe , Liu Bin , Tian Wende 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In China, coal-fired power generation is still the main mode of electricity supply. However, the large amount of coal use exacerbates environmental and sustainability issues. To achieve the “dual-carbon” goal, significant reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil-fueled power generation will be necessary before a transition to cleaner energy can occur. Therefore, the reaction kinetics of the CCLC process was researched by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which led to the activation energies of 57.58 kJ/mol and -34.26 kJ/mol for the FR and AR reactions. This is of great significance for reducing CO2 emissions and improving energy conversion efficiency.
Decadal heatwave fluctuations in China caused by the Indian and Atlantic Oceans
Authors: Lei Nan , Xie Yongkun , Bao Zhongrui , Zhao Min , Su Zifan , Guan Xiaodan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Heatwaves have been more common in China in recent years, largely attributed to human-caused global warming. While ocean variability, notably El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), influences regional heatwave fluctuations in China, the impact of other oceanic variability remains unclear. Here we show that the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) and the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean (TSNAO) significantly modulate the decadal heatwave fluctuations in China. Among them, TIO has the most significant impact on northern China, while TSNAO has a greater impact on eastern China. TIO and TSNAO remotely influence heatwaves in China through abnormal sea surface temperatures (SSTs)-induced changes in atmospheric circulations involving westerlies and Rossby wave trains. Moreover, we demonstrated the physical processes responsible for heatwave fluctuations caused by TIO and TSNAO variability. The heatwave changes were determined jointly by vertical motion-related adiabatic and energy input-related diabatic temperature modifications. Our findings show that, in addition to ENSO, variability in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans is critical for understanding and predicting decadal heatwave changes in China.
Evaluating flood hazards in data-sparse coastal lowlands: highlighting the Ayeyarwady Delta (Myanmar)
Authors: Seeger Katharina , Peffeköver Andreas , Minderhoud Philip S J , Vogel Anissa , Brückner Helmut , Kraas Frauke , Oo Nay Win , Brill Dominik 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Coastal lowlands and river deltas worldwide are increasingly exposed to coastal, pluvial and fluvial flooding as well as relative sea-level rise (RSLR). However, information about both single and multiple flood-type hazards, their potential impact and the characteristics of areas, population and assets at risk is often still limited as high-quality data either does not exist or is not accessible. This often constitutes a main barrier for generating sound assessments, especially for scientific and public communities in the so-called Global South. We provide a standardised, integrative approach for the first-order assessment of these single and multiple flood-type hazards and show how this can be conducted for data-sparse, hardly accessible and inaccessible coastal lowlands such as the Ayeyarwady Delta in Myanmar by using only open accessible and freely available datasets of satellite imagery, global precipitation estimates, satellite-based river discharge measurements, elevation, land use, and population data. More than 70% of the delta, mainly used for agriculture, and about 40% of its present population are prone to flooding due to either monsoon precipitation and runoff, storm surge, and RSLR, or their combination, jeopardising food security and economic development in the region. The approach allows for the integration and combination of various datasets, combined in a highly flexible workflow that performs at low computational capacities, supporting the evaluation of flood-prone areas on regional and local scale for data-sparse coastal lowlands worldwide. It thereby allows to attribute different types of flood hazards, complements concepts of vulnerability and risk, and supports risk-informed decision making and development of effective multi-flooding adaptation strategies.
Understanding bottom and surface marine heatwaves along the continental shelf of China
Authors: Cao Xinyi , Li Chao , Hu Yuwei , Yao Yulong , Li Juan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have become longer and more frequent over the past century under anthropogenic climate change, with devastating impacts on marine ecosystems. Surface MHWs (SMHWs) and their drivers have been extensively studied using satellite sea surface temperature data, yet the mechanism and characteristics of subsurface MHWs, especially bottom MHWs (BMHWs) along continental shelves, remain unclear. Based on a high-resolution ocean reanalysis dataset, we compare SMHWs and BMHWs along the continental shelf of China and find that BMHWs are typically longer (0–16 d) and more intense (0 °C–50 °C days) than SMHWs. The categorizing of both the BMHW and SMHW shows that moderate and strong events commonly occur in most areas with relatively large spatial coverage, whereas severe and extreme events occur with relatively small spatial coverage. There is a clear negative relationship between the BMHW intensity and ocean depth along the continental shelf, while the BMHW annual days and ocean depth are positively correlated in the Bohai and East China Seas. Generally, BMHWs and SMHWs occur more frequently in shallow coastal regions where the mixed layer depth is more likely to extend to the seafloor, resulting in high BMHW and SMHW synchrony. In addition to spatial coherence, there is a good temporal correspondence between BMHWs and SMHWs across the continental shelf of China from 1993 to 2020.
The Effect of Polycaprolactone Polymer Degradation in Compost on Seed Germination
Authors: Al Hosni Asma S. , Pittman Jon K. , Robson Geoffrey D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable synthetic polymer derived from petroleum that can be broken down by microorganisms. Due to its low melting point, it is suitable for composting. PCL has various applications, including in medicine and agriculture. This study investigates whether PCL degradation in compost affects seed germination. The study tested the effect of PCL extracts from compost with different temperatures and concentrations on the germination of seeds from four edible plant species: cress, lettuce, mustard, and rocket. The results showed that at low temperatures and low PCL concentrations, there was no effect on seed germination. However, at higher temperatures (55°C) and higher PCL concentrations (10% and 5%), there was a signiIicant negative effect on seed germination, with no germination in 10% PCL treatments and only 53.3% germination in 5% PCL treatments. This inhibition was observed across all plant species. The study concludes that high temperatures and high PCL concentrations in compost can negatively impact seed germination.
Maladaptation
Authors: Madgwick Philip G 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEvolution by natural selection is widely understood to furnish organisms with adaptations that help them to survive and reproduce, but this accessible book argues that it can also do the exact opposite. Traits that are harmful to the fitness of individual organisms are synthesised together as maladaptations, giving this confusing and neglected term new meaning. Such maladaptations contradict the received understanding of what natural selection ‘does’, but become explicable with an understanding of the genetics and ecology of evolution by natural selection. A theory of maladaptation is developed to explain how it can occur. The empirical evidence of maladaptation is discussed, highlighting both diverse examples and the potential pitfalls in applying the concept. The broader scope of maladaptation is also discussed in relation to the major evolutionary transitions and the origins of life. Beyond the science, the philosophical implications of maladaptation are explored in natural theology. Therefore, overall, the book is an argument that synthesises evidence from evolution, genetics, and ecology to piece together how maladaptations are not only possible, but are a widespread occurrence in nature, having had an enormous impact on organism design—and our understanding of it.
Population ecology of natural selection
Authors: Madgwick Philip G 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe chapter provides a basic theoretical explanation of maladaptation, why it has been neglected, and why the new concept of it is useful, arguing that it is a paragon of the need to incorporate population ecology into evolutionary theory. The logic of maladaptation is described with reference to analogies in sports, focusing on the nature of competition. The logic is applied to nature, identifying the reliance of the natural selection of maladaptation on an ecological effect. It is argued that the concept of maladaptation has been neglected due to the assumption of a simplistic relationship between relative fitness and population change (or absolute fitness). Further, it is argued that the concept of maladaptation is needed as a corrective for this long-standing error. In support of this argument, the conceptual structure of evolutionary theory is discussed to identify the merits of maladaptation as a concept of ‘evolutionary failure’.
Ethics for Moral Fundamentalists
Authors: Fesmire Steven 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the book’s pragmatic and pluralistic approach to checking moral fundamentalist habits that prevent us from achieving superordinate goals. We especially need to move beyond moral fundamentalism when dealing with “wicked problems.” These are situations in which problem definition across disparate groups is itself among the key problems, as is true of many problems in ethics, politics, education, and policy. Contemporary difficulties are compounded by the problem of “cultural lag,” a condition in which the historical alternatives we have on hand to think about moral and political life lag far behind the multifaceted problems that our values must now speak to. The chapter argues that the one-way monistic premise that logically underlies moral fundamentalism is unwarranted and constrictive. The chapter concludes with some technical distinctions of interest to specialists.
Dewey’s Independent Factors in Moral Action
Authors: Fesmire Steven 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter builds on Dewey to illustrate the way a pragmatic pluralism can accommodate traditional monistic insights while delegitimizing moral fundamentalism’s single vision. Drawing on archival and published sources from 1926 to 1932, this is the culminating theoretical chapter. A primary focus is “Three Independent Factors in Morals,” Dewey’s (1930b) address at the Sorbonne. Exploring the hypothesis that problematic moral situations are heterogeneous in their origins and operations, Dewey traced traditional abstract categories of good, duty, and virtue back to their generative experiential roots. The chapter suggests that contemporary theorizing should foster a range of idioms and emphases which inform decision-making by (1) opening communication across diverse elements of moral and political life, (2) placing these elements in a wider context in which norms gain a better footing amid the discordance of nonideal conditions, and (3) expanding prospects for social inquiry and convergence on policy and action.
High-dose vitamin D supplementation does not improve outcome in a cutaneous melanoma population: results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study (ViDMe trial)
Authors: De Smedt Julie , Van Kelst Sofie , Janssen Laudine , Marasigan Vivien , Boecxstaens Veerle , Bogaerts Kris , Belmans Ann , Vanderschueren Dirk , Vandenberghe Katleen , Bechter Oliver , Aura Claudia , Lambrechts Diether , Strobbe Tinne , Emri Gabriella , Nikkels Arjen , Garmyn Marjan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Observational studies in cutaneous melanoma (CM) have indicated an inverse relationship between levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Breslow thickness, in addition to a protective effect of high 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels on clinical outcome.

Objectives
To evaluate whether high-dose vitamin D supplementation in curatively resected CM reduces melanoma relapse.

Methods
In a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 436 patients with resected CM stage IA to III (8th American Joint Committee on Cancer staging) were randomized. Among them, 218 received a placebo while 218 received monthly 100 000 IU cholecalciferol for a minimum of 6 months and a maximum of 42 months (treatment arm). Following randomization, patients were followed for a median of 52 months, with a maximum follow-up of 116 months. The primary endpoint was relapse-free survival. Secondary endpoints were melanoma-related mortality, overall survival, and the evolution of 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels over time.

Results
In our population (mean age 55 years, 54% female sex) vitamin D supplementation increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels after 6 months of supplementation in the treatment arm by a median 17 ng mL−1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 9–26] compared with 0 ng mL−1 (95% CI 6–8) in the placebo arm (P &lt; 0.001, Wilcoxon test) and remained at a steady state during the whole treatment period. The estimated event rate for relapse-free survival at 72 months after inclusion was 26.51% in the vitamin D supplemented arm (95% CI 19.37–35.64) vs. 20.70% (95% CI 14.26–29.52) in the placebo arm (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% CI 0.79–2.03; P = 0.32). After adjusting for confounding factors (including baseline stage, body mass index, age, sex and baseline season), the hazard ratio was 1.20 (95% CI 0.74–1.94, P = 0.46). The number of deaths from progression of CM and nonmelanoma-related deaths was similar in both the vitamin D supplemented and placebo groups (deaths from progression of CM, n = 10 and n = 11, respectively; nonmelanoma-related deaths, n = 3 and n = 2, respectively). No major adverse events were observed during the study.

Conclusions
In patients with CM, monthly high-dose vitamin D supplementation was safe, resulted in a sustained increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels during the treatment period, but did not improve relapse-free survival, melanoma-related death or overall survival.
Characteristics and research waste of randomized controlled trials in melanoma
Authors: Chen Hongrui , Sun Bin , Hua Chen , Lin Xiaoxi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Numerous large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have propelled melanoma treatment strategies. Research waste presents a significant challenge in translating the outcomes of RCTs into clinical practice. Currently, research waste has not been reported in melanoma-related RCTs.

Objectives
To determine research waste in RCTs for melanoma.

Methods
In January 2024, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov for phase III and phase IV RCTs registered from January 2000 to December 2023, using ‘melanoma’ as the keyword. We recorded the information listed on the website and searched PubMed and Scopus for the publication and citation status of the RCTs. A completed RCT requires at least 47 months of preparation time for publication; hence, RCTs completed after December 2019 but not yet published were excluded from the analysis of publication status.

Results
In total, 165 RCTs were included in the analysis. Melanoma RCTs primarily studied pharmacological interventions, with the registrations for immunotherapy increasing annually. In the analysis of research waste, 103 RCTs were included, of which 41 (41 of 103, 39.8%) were unpublished. Of the 62 published RCTs, 19 (19 of 62, 31%) reported insufficiently, and 19 had avoidable design flaws (19 of 62, 31%). Ultimately, 64 RCTs (64 of 103, 62.1%) were judged to have research waste. Registration after 2010, conducting studies in multiple countries, using multiple drug interventions, and having survival as the primary outcome were independent protective factors against research waste. Thirty-four RCTs (34 of 62, 55%) were cited by guidelines, and 21 RCTs (21 of 62, 34%) reused their prospective data.

Conclusions
We describe the characteristics of phase III and phase IV RCTs related to melanoma conducted over the past 2 decades. We identified a substantial degree of research waste. The protective factors against research waste revealed in this study can provide references for the rational and efficient conduct of new RCTs in the future.
Drug Exposure and Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study From China
Authors: Zhu Yue , Forsman Lina Davies , Chen Cheng , Zhang Haoyue , Shao Ge , Wang Sainan , Wang Shanshan , Xiong Haiyan , Bruchfeld Judith , Wang Weibing , Zhu Limei , Alffenaar Jan-Willem , Hu Yi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains challenging. Treatment outcome is influenced by multiple factors; the specific roles of diabetes and glycemic control remain uncertain. This study aims to assess the impact of glycemic control on drug exposure, to investigate the association between drug exposure and treatment outcomes, and to identify clinically significant thresholds predictive of treatment outcome, among patients with diabetes.

Methods
This multicenter prospective cohort study involved patients with confirmed MDR-TB and diabetes. Drug exposure level was estimated by noncompartmental analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for the individual Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. The influence of poor glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin ≥7%) on drug exposure and the associations between drug exposure and treatment outcome were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Classification and regression tree analysis was used to identify the drug exposure/susceptibility thresholds.

Results
Among the 131 diabetic participants, 43 (32.8%) exhibited poor glycemic control. Poor glycemic control was independently associated with decreased exposure to moxifloxacin, linezolid, bedaquiline, and cycloserine, but not clofazimine. Additionally, a higher ratio of drug exposure to susceptibility was found to be associated with a favorable MDR-TB treatment outcome. Thresholds predictive of 6-month culture conversion and favorable outcome were bedaquiline area under the concentration–time curve (AUC)/MIC ≥245 and moxifloxacin AUC/MIC ≥67, demonstrating predictive accuracy in patients, regardless of their glycemic control status.

Conclusions
Glycemic control and optimal TB drug exposure are associated with improved treatment outcomes. This dual management strategy should be further validated in randomized controlled trials of patients with MDR-TB and diabetes.
Micronutrient deficiencies and anemia in the follow-up after gastroesophageal cancer surgery
Authors: Blonk L , Gooszen J A H , Fakkert R A , Eshuis W J , Rietveld S C M , Wierdsma N J , Straatman J , van Berge Henegouwen M I , Gisbertz S S 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
Due to insufficient dietary intake and altered digestion and absorption of nutrients, patients after gastroesophageal cancer surgery are at risk of becoming malnourished and consequently develop micronutrient deficiencies. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and anemia during follow-up after gastroesophageal cancer surgery. This single-center cross-sectional study included patients after resection for esophageal or gastric cancer visiting the outpatient clinic in 2016 and 2017. Only patients without signs of recurrent disease were included. All patients were guided by a dietician in the pre- and postoperative phase. Dietary supplements or enteral tube feeding was prescribed in case of inadequate dietary intake. Blood samples were examined for possible deficiencies or abnormalities in hemoglobin, prothrombin time, iron, ferritin, folic acid, calcium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D and vitamin E. The percentage of patients with micronutrient deficiencies were scored. Of the 335 patients visiting the outpatient clinic, measurements were performed in 263 patients (221 after esophagectomy and 42 after gastrectomy), resulting in an inclusion rate of 79%. In the esophagectomy group, deficiencies in iron (36%), vitamin D (33%) and zinc (20%) were most prevalent. After gastric resection, deficiencies were most frequently observed in vitamin D (52%), iron (33%), zinc (28%) and ferritin (17%). Low levels of hemoglobin were found in 21% of patients after esophagectomy and 24% after gastrectomy. Despite active nutritional guidance, deficiencies in vitamin D, iron, zinc and ferritin, as well as low levels of hemoglobin, are frequently observed following gastroesophageal resection for cancer. These micronutrients should be periodically checked during follow-up and supplemented if needed.
Exploring the full potential of the electronic health record: the application of natural language processing for clinical practice
Authors: Van Bulck Liesbet , Reading Turchioe Meghan , Topaz Maxim , Song Jiyoun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The electronic health record (EHR) contains valuable patient data and offers opportunities to administer and analyse patients’ individual needs longitudinally. However, most information in the EHR is currently stored in unstructured text notations. Natural language processing (NLP), a branch of artificial intelligence that enables computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language, can be used to delve into unstructured text data to uncover valuable insights and knowledge. This article discusses different types of NLP, the potential of NLP for cardiovascular nursing, and how to get started with NLP as a clinician.
Atrial fibrillation accelerates functional decline in older adults: a 15-year follow-up population-based study
Authors: Okoye Chukwuma , Qiu Chengxuan , Xia Xin , Lip Gregory Yoke Hong , Bellelli Giuseppe , Welmer Anna-Karin , Calderón-Larrañaga Amaia , Vetrano Davide Liborio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been associated with functional impairment. However, the role exerted by AF on the long-term trajectories of functional mobility remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of AF on functional mobility by tracing walking speed (WS) trajectories over 15 years of follow-up in a population-based cohort of individuals aged 60+ years.

Methods and results
This population-based cohort study included 3141 community-dwelling participants (mean age 73.7 years; 63.6% women) from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, who were regularly examined from 2001–2004 to 2016–2019. Functional mobility was assessed by measuring WS in a standardized way. The association between AF and WS trajectories was assessed by multivariable joint models accounting for the longitudinal dropouts due to death. Stratified analyses by demographic and clinical factors were performed. The effect-modifying role of oral anticoagulant therapy (OAC), incident heart failure (HF), and incident stroke was finally investigated. At baseline, 285 (9.1%) participants were ascertained to have AF. A faster annual WS decline was observed in persons with AF than in non-AF peers (adjusted β coefficient per year = −0.011, 95% confidence interval: −0.016 to −0.005). Incident HF and stroke were associated with greater WS decline in participants with AF. OAC use was not associated with a slower functional decline.

Conclusion
Atrial fibrillation is associated with a faster physical function decline in older individuals. Incident HF and stroke possibly accelerate WS decline over time in AF participants.