bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the weight zero compactly supported cohomology of
Authors: Brandt Madeline , Chan Melody , Kannan Siddarth 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
For

$g\ge 2$

and

$n\ge 0$

, let

$\mathcal {H}_{g,n}\subset \mathcal {M}_{g,n}$

denote the complex moduli stack of n-marked smooth hyperelliptic curves of genus g. A normal crossings compactification of this space is provided by the theory of pointed admissible

$\mathbb {Z}/2\mathbb {Z}$

-covers. We explicitly determine the resulting dual complex, and we use this to define a graph complex which computes the weight zero compactly supported cohomology of

$\mathcal {H}_{g, n}$

. Using this graph complex, we give a sum-over-graphs formula for the

$S_n$

-equivariant weight zero compactly supported Euler characteristic of

$\mathcal {H}_{g, n}$

. This formula allows for the computer-aided calculation, for each

$g\le 7$

, of the generating function

$\mathsf {h}_g$

for these equivariant Euler characteristics for all n. More generally, we determine the dual complex of the boundary in any moduli space of pointed admissible G-covers of genus zero curves, when G is abelian, as a symmetric

$\Delta $

-complex. We use these complexes to generalize our formula for

$\mathsf {h}_g$

to moduli spaces of n-pointed smooth abelian covers of genus zero curves.
Globally F-regular type of the moduli spaces of parabolic symplectic/orthogonal bundles on curves
Authors: Wang Jianping , Wen Xueqing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We prove that the moduli spaces of parabolic symplectic/orthogonal bundles on a smooth curve are globally F-regular type. As a consequence, all higher cohomologies of the theta line bundle vanish. During the proof, we develop a method to estimate codimension.
Estimating Clostridioides difficile infection-associated readmission rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Eubank Taryn A. , Jantarathaneewat Kittiya , Jo Jinhee , Garey Kevin W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground:The economic burden of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is considerable and mostly associated with a high frequency of hospitalizations. Numerous publications have demonstrated that CDI is associated with a higher risk of hospital readmission, but not always a specific rate or attributable to disease recurrence.Methods:In this systematic review, we describe the incidence of 30-day CDI-associated readmission rates and the effect of active interventions. Three search engines were utilized for the literature search, and a total of 9 studies were included in this review. Hospital readmission proportions from interventional and observational studies were analyzed through meta-analysis with random effects.Results:Two thousand five hundred and twenty-one articles were identified. After screening full-text articles, 9 eligible articles published between 2002 and 2023 met the inclusion criteria. In total, 132,862 CDI patients were evaluated. Thirty-day CDI-associated readmissions were defined as either an ICD9/10 code indicating CDI admission with a prior admission within the past 30 days (n = 4) or a medical chart evaluation of signs and symptoms consistent with CDI (diarrhea) along with a positive diagnostic test (n = 5) with a prior hospitalization for CDI within the past 30 days. Meta-analysis of observational studies estimated 30-day CDI readmissions were 6% (95% CI, 5%–7%). Three studies evaluated the effect of active interventions to reduce CDI-associated 30-day readmission rates. Two of 3 interventions reduced the likelihood of CDI-associated 30-day readmissions.Conclusions:This systematic review identified a 6% rate of 30-day CDI-associated hospital readmission. Antimicrobial stewardship efforts and the use of specific therapeutics were shown to reduce these rates.
Medical schools in empires: connecting the dots
Authors: Cho Hohee , Robert Martin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the historiography of medical education and calls for greater attention to the connections between medical schools. It begins by reviewing research on medical education in imperial metropoles. Researchers have compared medical schools in different national contexts, traced travellers between them or examined the hierarchies that medical education created within the medical profession. The article then shows how historians have emphasised the ways in which medicine in colonial empires was shaped by negotiation, exchange, hybridisation and competition. The final part of the article introduces the special issue ‘Medical Education in Empires’. Drawing on a variety of sources in English, French, Dutch and Chinese, the special issue builds on these historiographies by juxtaposing cases of medical schools in imperial contexts since the eighteenth century. It considers who funded these medical schools and why, what models of medicine underpinned their creation, what social changes they contributed to, what life was like in these schools, who the students and teachers were and what graduates did with their medical careers. This special issue thus contributes to clarifying the role of medical education in empires and the long-term impact of empires on the medical world.
Latent profile analysis reveals overlapping ARFID and shape/weight motivations for restriction in eating disorders
Authors: Abber Sophie R. , Becker Kendra R. , Stern Casey M. , Palmer Lilian P. , Joiner Thomas E. , Breithaupt Lauren , Kambanis Paraskevi Evelyna , Eddy Kamryn T. , Thomas Jennifer J. , Burton-Murray Helen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDSM-5 differentiates avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) from other eating disorders (EDs) by a lack of overvaluation of body weight/shape driving restrictive eating. However, clinical observations and research demonstrate ARFID and shape/weight motivations sometimes co-occur. To inform classification, we: (1) derived profiles underlying restriction motivation and examined their validity and (2) described diagnostic characterizations of individuals in each profile to explore whether findings support current diagnostic schemes. We expected, consistent with DSM-5, that profiles would comprise individuals endorsing solely ARFID or restraint (i.e. trying to eat less to control shape/weight) motivations.MethodsWe applied latent profile analysis to 202 treatment-seeking individuals (ages 10–79 years [M = 26, s.d. = 14], 76% female) with ARFID or a non-ARFID ED, using the Nine-Item ARFID Screen (Picky, Appetite, and Fear subscales) and the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire Restraint subscale as indicators.ResultsA 5-profile solution emerged: Restraint/ARFID-Mixed (n = 24; 8% [n = 2] with ARFID diagnosis); ARFID-2 (with Picky/Appetite; n = 56; 82% ARFID); ARFID-3 (with Picky/Appetite/Fear; n = 40; 68% ARFID); Restraint (n = 45; 11% ARFID); and Non-Endorsers (n = 37; 2% ARFID). Two profiles comprised individuals endorsing solely ARFID motivations (ARFID-2, ARFID-3) and one comprising solely restraint motivations (Restraint), consistent with DSM-5. However, Restraint/ARFID-Mixed (92% non-ARFID ED diagnoses, comprising 18% of those with non-ARFID ED diagnoses in the full sample) endorsed ARFID and restraint motivations.ConclusionsThe heterogeneous profiles identified suggest ARFID and restraint motivations for dietary restriction may overlap somewhat and that individuals with non-ARFID EDs can also endorse high ARFID symptoms. Future research should clarify diagnostic boundaries between ARFID and non-ARFID EDs.
‘Crossing the reflective bridge’: how therapists synthesise personal and professional development from self-practice/self-reflection during CBT training
Authors: Presley Vickie L. , Jones Gwion 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Over the last two decades, self-practice/self-reflection (SP/SR) has been advocated as a useful experiential teaching method on CBT training programmes. As part of this, theoretical positions point to the importance of there being an explicit process of ‘bridging’ between what is learnt about the self (personal development) and the implications of this for clinical practice (professional development). However, exactly how participants experience this synthesis as part of their engagement in SP/SR has not yet been clarified. As such, the present study set out to explicate trainee CBT therapists’ experiences of this process, in order to further our understanding of how they synthesise their personal and professional development during training. Nineteen trainees took part in the study, each consenting to a 1000-word written summary of their learning from SP/SR being entered into the dataset and analysed using thematic analysis. The analysis identified five interconnected themes, illustrating how trainees had (i) identified self-schemas, (ii) increased their awareness of personal context, and (iii) conceptualised the role of the self in the therapeutic process; they had then achieved (iv) personal–professional development via experiential change methods, resulting in (v) perceived benefits for their clinical practice. SP/SR may therefore be a useful vehicle to enhance personal and professional development during training by helping trainees to understand and address the role of the self in cognitive behavioural psychotherapy. Tentative implications for CBT training and practice have been offered.

Key learning aims

(1)
To summarise key theoretical positions and research outcomes underpinning the use of SP/SR as a CBT training method to enhance personal and professional development.

(2)
To understand trainee experiences of synthesising personal and professional development from SP/SR during training.

(3)
To consider implications for CBT training and ongoing professional practice.
Illuminating the Transition From an Open to a Semi‐Closed Volcanic Vent System Through Episodic Tremor Duration and Shape
Authors: Eibl Eva P. S. , Thordarson Thor , Moreland William M. , Gudnason Egill Árni , Höskuldsson Ármann , Hersir Gylfi Páll , Heimann Sebastian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract[Volcanic eruptions generate continuous or episodic tremor, which can provide unrivaled information about activity changes during eruption. However, the wealth of information in episodic tremor patterns is often not harvested and transitions between patterns remain obscure. The 2021 Geldingadalir eruption, Iceland, is an exceptional case, where the lava effusion caused continuous tremor, and 8698 tremor episodes spanning two orders of magnitude in duration and repose. Based on seismometer and video camera data, we associate several‐minute‐long, symmetrical episodes with an open vent system, where lava remains in the crater bowl during repose, connected to a shallow magma compartment. Ramp‐shaped episodes, lasting several hours, are associated with a temporary closure of the vent system, where no lava remains in the crater bowl during repose and more time is required to resume effusion. The transition from continuous to episodic effusion is related to the cumulative time spent in effusion and repose, and to external factors like crater wall collapses. The range of observed eruption styles and shifts between them, took place at unchanged magma supply rate. This underpins the importance of processes, geometry and evolution of the shallow conduit with time.]
Evidence From Intermediate‐Depth Earthquakes of Slab‐Derived Fluids Beneath the Taupō Volcanic Zone
Authors: Mark O. K. , Illsley‐Kemp F. , Townend J. , Barker S. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAhi Tupua, the central section of the Taupō Volcanic Zone in the central North Island of New Zealand, encompasses Taupō and Ōkataina calderas and has been the most frequently active and productive silicic magma system worldwide during the Quaternary. The entire Taupō Volcanic Zone is underlain by the Hikurangi Subduction Zone where a Large Igneous Province, the Hikurangi Plateau, is being subducted, but Ahi Tupua exhibits much higher rates of magma output than either the northern or the southern sections. Trace element signatures of Ahi Tupua eruptive products suggest that both decompression melting and flux melting play a role in this rifted arc setting, with fluid flux signatures being more prevalent in regions of active caldera volcanism. Intermediate‐depth (50–300 km) earthquakes provide a means of studying faulting and fluid flow processes within and around the subducting slab beneath Ahi Tupua. Using data from the national seismic network and a 13‐station temporary network (“ECLIPSE”), we repick and relocate 397 intermediate‐depth earthquakes of magnitudes M2.5+ that occurred in a 29‐month interval, and compute focal mechanisms for a subset of 47 earthquakes. We observe some seismicity that may be within the mantle wedge but most of the relocated earthquakes occur within the crust and uppermost mantle of the subducted slab and exhibit a weak transition from predominantly normal‐faulting in the slab crust to predominantly reverse‐faulting in the slab mantle. No double seismic zone is observed beneath Ahi Tupua. These observations are consistent with dehydration of the slab and flow of slab‐derived fluids along existing faults into the mantle wedge, that drives flux melting and accounts for the distinctive geochemical signatures and voluminous output of Ahi Tupua calderas.
Intraseasonal Variability of Full‐Depth Currents in the Philippine Sea
Authors: Yuan Xin , Wang Qingye , Hu Dunxin , Feng Junqiao , Wang Fujun , Tian Zhizhao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntraseasonal variability (ISV) in the meridional velocity of multi‐layer currents in the Philippines Sea was investigated using near full‐depth mooring observations deployed at 130°E, 11°N from September 2015 to October 2019 and the reanalysis data from 2015 to 2019. Prominent bimodal ISVs structures were detected in the power spectra of the meridional velocities at 45‐ and 62‐days, occurring from the surface through to the bottom. Further analysis suggested that the identified ISV of 62‐days in the upper 1,500 m was controlled by large‐scale oceanic Rossby waves with a zonal wavelength of 687 km. The full‐depth 45‐days fluctuation is limited by the entire zonal width of the Philippines Basin, which is approximately 900 km. The 45‐days variability modulated by the barotropic Rossby normal mode triggered by resonant wind forcing in the key region of 126°–140°E and 5°–13°N. Whereas the deep‐layer 62‐days fluctuation is limited by the basin width near the bottom (5,700 m), which is approximately 640 km. In addition, two super‐intense ISV events occurred in the upper layers following the 2015/16 and 2018/19 El Niño events, which generally lagged the Niño 3.4 index by six/seven months. This study reveals the upper‐layer ocean ISVs response in the western Pacific following El Niño events and triggering of the deep‐layer ocean ISVs by the actual basin scale. Our findings provide a better understanding of the variations in full‐depth currents in the western Pacific Ocean.
Large‐Scale Physical Modeling of Wave Generation and Runup on Slopes From the Collapse of Partially and Fully Submerged Granular Columns
Authors: Treflik‐Body E. , Steel E. , Take W. A. , Mulligan R. P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClimate change is making coastal regions increasingly vulnerable to hazards, including rapid subaerial and submarine landslides, which can result in catastrophic tsunamis. Due to the complex geomechanics of failure, limited physical modeling studies have been conducted that encompass the entire problem including the triggering of granular landslides, the waves generated by partially and fully submerged mass failures, and the runup of these waves on local and distal slopes. In the present study, for the first time, waves in both the seaward direction (in the direction of failure for both submarine and partially submerged slides) and the landward direction (opposing the direction of failure only for submarine slides) are investigated during morphological evolution of the granular material. A series of large‐scale experiments are conducted under varying levels of submergence in water by releasing columns of gravel‐sized material into a range of different reservoir depths. This is accomplished using a pneumatically actuated vertical lift gate designed specifically for these experiments. The wave amplitudes measured in the seaward direction agree with empirical relationships developed in a previous study using smaller‐scale models, and a new analytical solution relating the column submergence to the trough‐led wave amplitudes in landward direction is presented. These novel predictions of wave amplitude and runup in both the seaward and landward directions indicate strong dependence of the wave behavior on the submergence depth and granular properties, improving our understanding of tsunamis generated by mass failures in coastal regions.
Autumnal Equinox Shift in Arctic Surface Energy Budget: Beaufort‐Chukchi Seas Case Study
Authors: Carrigg Joseph , Yu Lisan , Menezes Viviane V. , Chen Yanxu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examines the annual cycle of the Surface Energy Budget (SEB) in the Beaufort‐Chukchi seas, focusing on the autumn transition. Shipboard measurements from NASA's Salinity and Stratification at the Sea Ice Edge (SASSIE) experiment (8 September–2 October 2022) and satellite flux analysis for the entire 2022 were utilized to provide a comprehensive perspective of the SEB's seasonal dynamics. An important finding is the alignment of SEB’s autumnal transition with the September 22 equinox, marking the onset of prolonged Arctic darkness. This transition involved a shift from the summertime radiative heating to cooling conditions, characterized by outgoing longwave radiation surpassing incoming solar radiation and a notable increase in synoptic turbulent latent and sensible heat flux variability. The increased turbulent heat fluxes after the equinox were associated with increased occurrences of short‐duration cold air outbreaks. These outbreaks seem to originate from cold mesoscale surface winds transitioning from cooling landmasses or ice caps to the warmer seas, driven by differential cooling rates between land/ice and ocean as solar irradiance declined. Turbulent heat losses, outpacing longwave emission by more than fivefold, accelerated ocean surface cooling in the subsequent 2 months, leading to the complete freeze‐up of the Beaufort‐Chukchi seas by late November. These findings underscore the substantial influence of astronomical seasons on the SEB, emphasizing their crucial role in Arctic climate dynamics.
Local Similarity Between Aeolian Barchan Dunes and Their Downsized Subaqueous Counterparts
Authors: Zhang Yang , Lin Yuanwei , He Nan , Gao Xin , Yang Bin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAeolian barchan dunes on Earth and other planets have been widely investigated. Much of the understanding of barchan dune morphodynamics comes from field observations, numerical simulations, and downsized water‐tunnel experiments as well. Many of the evolution of barchan dunes in water‐tunnel experiments are similar to those of aeolian cases, although they have notable differences in scale, sand particle motion and hydrodynamic characteristics. Here, we first review the literature on the local similarities between aeolian and downsized subaqueous barchan dunes, focusing on (a) dune formation, (b) dune morphology, (c) particle‐scale characteristics, and (d) sand/dune emission at horns. A comprehensive description of double‐dune interaction modes is then presented to illustrate the local similarity of barchan dune morphodynamics. Specifically, as the interaction mode undergoes a process of “merging‐splitting‐chasing,” the similarity between the interaction modes of aeolian and downsized subaqueous dunes continuously decreases. Furthermore, we summarize the significance and limitations of downsized water‐tunnel experiments for barchan dunes, and highlight the focus for future investigation.
Decoding Deep‐Time Rhythms: Probing the Limit of Stratigraphic Correlation in the Time‐Specific Facies of the Late Devonian Usseln Limestone (Rhenish Massif, Germany)
Authors: Wichern N. M. A. , Bialik O. M. , Nohl T. , Becker R. T. , De Vleeschouwer D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe iso‐ or diachronous character of a geologic unit is scale‐dependent, especially for time‐specific facies. The Usseln Limestone is a Late Devonian time‐specific facies from Germany, occurring immediately below the Lower Kellwasser black shale. Here, we investigate whether cm‐scale rhythmical bands within the Usseln Limestone are correlatable across its depositional basin. Its facies were studied at three locations ca. 50 km apart, representing different depositional settings. Its cm‐scale alternations in lithological facies and elemental content (μXRF) form an excellent target for correlations on millennial timescales. Correlation attempts failed to converge to a solution at the cm‐scale of individual rhythmites. Dynamic Time Warping, however, provided convincing correlations at the dm‐scale, supporting its use as a high‐resolution correlation tool. The Usseln Limestone base may be diachronous, but the top is likely isochronous. This finding is in agreement with sudden basin‐wide black shale deposition at the onset of the Kellwasser Crisis.
Mitigating Atmospheric Delays in InSAR Time Series: The DetrendInSAR Method and Its Validation
Authors: Liu Jihong , Hu Jun , Bürgmann Roland , Li Zhiwei , Jónsson Sigurjón 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHow to effectively mitigate atmospheric delay signals in InSAR observations has long been a pressing problem in the InSAR community. Here we propose a new method, DetrendInSAR, that addresses this issue by incorporating the spatiotemporal characteristics of displacements and atmospheric delays as a‐priori information. This enables simultaneously modeling and estimating surface displacements, atmospheric delays, and other unmodeled long‐wavelength errors (e.g., orbit errors) in InSAR time series. We use both simulated‐ and real‐data experiments to validate the performance of the proposed method, and results show a 20%–70% reduction of RMSE values for the DetrendInSAR‐obtained displacements compared with four commonly‐used atmospheric delay reduction methods. We also show that the DetrendInSAR method is capable of capturing the spatial and temporal details of sudden deformation jumps as small as 1 cm, due to a magnitude 5.4 earthquake, in InSAR time series. Based on the DetrendInSAR‐corrected ascending and descending Sentinel‐1 InSAR time series, we calculate the 2‐year postseismic east and vertical displacements of the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo earthquake, which better illuminate the postseismic deformation.