bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Function of Poly(acrylic acid)s Modified by Supramolecular Complex Composed of Porphinatoiron and a Cyclodextrin Dimer That Bind Diatomic Molecules (O2 and CO) in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kano Koji , Ochi Toshiro , Okunaka Sayuri , Ota Yusuke , Karasugi Keiichi , Ueda Takunori , Kitagishi Hiroaki 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPoly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is modified by 5‐(4‐β‐alanylaminophenyl)‐10,15,20‐tris(4‐sulfonatophenyl) porphinatoiron(III) to yield iron porphyrin‐bearing PAAs (FeP(n)s) through a condensation reaction. FeP(n)s were further functionalized by Py3CD, which is a per‐O‐methylated β‐cyclodextrin (CD) dimer with a pyridine linker and includes the porphyrin pendants to form ferric hemoCD‐P(n)s. Ferrous hemoCD‐P(3), having three porphyrin chromophores in a polymer chain, is shown to bind molecular oxygen (P1/2=7.9±1.4 Torr) in aqueous solution at pH 7.0 and 25 °C, affording oxy‐hemoCD‐P(3). Oxy‐hemoCD‐P(3) is biphasically autoxidized to ferric hemoCD‐P(3), with 27 % of the dioxygen adducts being rapidly oxidized. The rate of autoxidation of oxy‐hemoCD‐P(15), having 15 porphyrin chromophores in a polymer chain, was much faster than that of oxy‐hemoCD‐P(3), thus suggesting self‐catalyzed autoxidation of oxy‐hemoCD‐P(n)s. Oxy‐hemoCD‐P(n)s are markedly stabilized by catalase, thereby indicating that hydrogen peroxide generated from oxy‐hemoCD‐P(n) accelerates the autoxidation. Most of the hemoCD‐P(3) molecules injected into the femoral vein of a rat remained in the body, though about 16 % of the hemoCD‐P(3) molecules were excreted in the urine as a carbon monoxide adduct.
Calcium‐Mediated Dearomatization, CH Bond Activation, and Allylation of Alkylated and Benzannulated Pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Jochmann Phillip , Leich Valeri , Spaniol Thomas P. , Okuda Jun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA facile and general synthetic pathway for the production of dearomatized, allylated, and CH bond activated pyridine derivatives is presented. Reaction of the corresponding derivative with the previously reported reagent bis(allyl)calcium, [Ca(C3H5)2] (1), cleanly affords the product in high yield. The range of N‐heterocyclic compounds studied comprised 2‐picoline (2), 4‐picoline (3), 2,6‐lutidine (4), 4‐tert‐butylpyridine (5), 2,2′‐bipyridine (6), acridine (7), quinoline (8), and isoquinoline (9). Depending on the substitution pattern of the pyridine derivative, either carbometalation or CH bond activation products are obtained. In the absence of methyl groups ortho or para to the nitrogen atom, carbometalation leads to dearomatized products. C(sp3)H bond activation occurs at ortho and para situated methyl groups. Steric shielding of the 4‐position in pyridine yields the ring‐metalated product through C(sp2)H bond activation instead. The isolated compounds [Ca(2‐CH2‐C5H4N)2(THF)] (2 b⋅(THF)), [Ca(4‐CH2‐C5H4N)2(THF)2] (3 b⋅(THF)2), [Ca(2‐CH2‐C5H3N‐6‐CH3)2(THF)n] (4 b⋅(THF)n; n=0, 0.75), [Ca{2‐C5H3N‐4‐C(CH3)3}2(THF)2] (5 c⋅(THF)2), [Ca{4,4′‐(C3H5)2‐(C10H8N2)}(THF)] (6 a⋅(THF)), [Ca(NC13H9‐9‐C3H5)2(THF)] (7 a⋅(THF)), [Ca(4‐C3H5‐C9H7N)2(THF)] (8 b⋅(THF)), and [Ca(1‐C3H5‐C9H7N)2(THF)3] (9 a⋅(THF)3) have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and metal analysis. 9 a⋅(THF)4 and 4 b⋅(THF)3 were additionally characterized in the solid state by X‐ray diffraction experiments. 4 b⋅(THF)3 shows an aza‐allyl coordination mode in the solid state. Based on the results, mechanistic aspects are discussed in the context of previous findings.
Technological Approaches for Material Management of Polymers containing Flame Retardants
Authors: Woidasky Jörg 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIm Rahmen eines industriellen Kooperationsvorhabens wurde die Rückgewinnung technischer Kunststoffe aus Elektro‐Altgeräten und die Herstellung eines hochwertigen, marktgängigen Kunststoffcompounds beispielhaft demonstriert. Ausgehend vom Produktbeispiel Telefonendgerät mit ABS‐Gehäuse wurde ein Verfahrenskonzept basierend auf bewährten Anlagenkomponenten entwickelt, das in der Lage ist, durch eine Kombination von mechanischer Aufbereitung und Löseverfahren sowie Compoundierung ein marktfähiges Produkt zu erzeugen, so dass Stoffströme in Deutschland mit hoher Wertschöpfung genutzt werden können. Dabei lagen die Entwicklungsschwerpunkte zum einen in der Sicherstellung einer ausreichenden Polymerreinheit, um anwendungsgerechte mechanische Werkstoffkennwerte zu erhalten, zum anderen in der Verfahrensentwicklung und ‐optimierung zur Abreicherung der Flammschutzmittel aus unterschiedlich flammgeschützten Ausgangsmaterialien, die letztlich anforderungsgerecht (RoHS‐konform) hergestellt werden konnten.
Experimental study of hydromechanics and mass transfer characteristics in cross flow packed tower
Authors: Tang Li‐Xin , Ji Jin‐Lin , Wang Xue , Ding Zhi‐Ping 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe functions of hydromechanics and volumetric mass transfer coefficient KXa of cross flow packed tower were studied by setting baffle plates. The influence of plate spacing on the pressure drop, height of the mass transfer unit, and mass transfer characteristics were investigated in an ordinary packed tower and a cross flow packed tower. The pressure drop increased with a rise in the flow rate of gas and liquid, and an excessive pressure drop caused flooding in the cross flow packed tower. The height of the mass transfer unit increased with a decrease in the gas flow when H/D = 0.8 − 1.2, while increased with the increase of the gas flow when H/D = 0.6. In the ordinary packed tower and the cross flow packed tower, KXa increased with a rise of liquid flow. The influence of gas flow on KXa was negligible in the ordinary packed tower, however, in the cross flow packed tower the KXa gradually increased with a rise in the gas flow rate. The effect of mass transfer was optimal at H/D = 0.8. In addition, using STATISTICA software, the corresponding KXa correlations were proposed and discussed.
Minimum fluidisation velocities of burned oil sand particles
Authors: Tang Jun , Chen Xiaona , Zhang Yongmin , Lu Chunxi , Shen Zhiyuan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe minimum fluidisation velocities of burned oil sand particles were investigated in a fluidised bed of I.D. 0.3 m and height 3 m based on de‐fluidisation method. The solid particles were four types of burned oil sand particles from different regions and depths and in different physical properties. A modified Noda equation [Noda et al., 46, 149–154 (1986)] was built to predict the minimum fluidisation velocities of the burned oil sand particles. The results showed that the burned oil sand particles had very wide size distribution and their fluidisation processes could be divided into fixed, partial fluidisation and full fluidisation stages, similar with binary‐particle fluidised beds. The calculated minimum fluidisation velocities were in good agreement with the experimental data. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Carbon Nanotube‐Based Metal‐Ion Catchers as Supramolecular Depolluting Materials
Authors: Maggini Laura , De Leo Federica , Marega Riccardo , Tóháti Hajnalka‐Mária , Kamarás Katalin , Bonifazi Davide 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHerein, we report the first example of supramolecular carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based ion catchers as simple and effective tools for removing divalent metal ions from organic solvents. In particular, covalently functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) appended with pyridyl groups self‐aggregate in solution into bundles in the presence of divalent metal ions (e.g., Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+). Such self‐aggregation behavior leads to insoluble materials that, upon treatment with weak acids, can be regenerated and reused for further complexation. All materials and complexation/decomplexation steps were thoroughly characterized by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and different microscopy‐based techniques, namely, transmission electron, scanning electron, and atomic force microscopy (TEM, SEM, and AFM). The supramolecular system engineered in this work is the first example of an easy and fully sustainable material with great potential applications for depolluting liquid waste from metal contamination.
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells mediate Toxoplasma gondii‐induced T‐cell suppression through an IL‐2‐related mechanism but independently of IL‐10
Authors: Tenorio Eda P. , Fernández Jacquelina , Castellanos Carlos , Olguín Jonadab E. , Saavedra Rafael 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAcute Toxoplasma gondii infection comprises an immunosuppression stage, characterized by a reduction in T‐cell proliferation in vitro. Treg cells maintain the homeostasis of the immune system, but their role in T. gondii‐induced suppression has not been addressed. We show herein that immunosuppression, affecting both CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell proliferation, concurs with a reduction in Treg‐cell number. The residual Treg cells, however, are activated and display an increased suppressive capacity. We show that selective elimination of Treg cells using Foxp3EGFP mice leads to a full recovery of CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell proliferation. After Treg‐cell removal, a reduced production of IL‐10 was observed, but IL‐2 levels were unchanged. The numbers of IL‐10‐producing Treg cells also increased during infection, although the in vitro neutralization of this cytokine did not modify T‐cell proliferation, suggesting that IL‐10 does not mediate the Treg‐mediated suppression. However, addition of rIL‐2 in vitro fully restored T‐cell proliferation from infected animals. Thus, we show that Treg cells mediate the T‐cell suppression observed during acute T. gondii infection through an IL‐2‐dependent mechanism. Our results provide novel insights into the regulation of the immune response against T. gondii.
Human tumor‐induced and naturally occurring Treg cells differentially affect NK cells activated by either IL‐2 or target cells
Authors: Bergmann Christoph , Wild Clarissa A. , Narwan Mustafa , Lotfi Ramin , Lang Stephan , Brandau Sven 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNK cells play a crucial role in the eradication of tumor cells. Naturally occurring (n) Treg cells and induced (i) Treg cells are two distinct Treg subsets. While the interaction of nTreg cells with NK cells has been investigated in the past, the role of tumor iTreg cells in the modulation of NK‐cell function remains unclear. Tumor iTreg cells were generated from CD4+CD25− T cells in the presence of autologous immature DCs, head and neck cancer cells and IL‐2, IL‐10, and IL‐15. The effect of iTreg cells and nTreg cells on the expression of NKG2D, NKp44, CD107a, and IFN‐γ by NK cells, as well as NK tumor‐cytolytic activity, were investigated. iTreg cells — similar to recombinant TGF‐β and nTreg cells — inhibited IL‐2‐induced activation of NK cells in the absence of target cell contact. Surprisingly, and in contrast to nTreg cells, iTreg cells enhanced NK‐cell activity elicited by target cell contact. The cytolytic activity of NK cells activated by iTreg cells was mediated via perforin and FasL. We conclude that tumor iTreg cells inhibited IL‐2‐mediated NK‐cell activity in the absence of target cells, whereas the tumoricidal activity of NK cells was enhanced by iTreg cells. Our data suggest a complex, previously not recognized, differential regulation of human NK activity by iTreg cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Synthesis and Structural Features of New Ruthenium(II) Complexes Containing the Scorpionate Ligands Tris(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methanesulfonate (Tpms) and Tris(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane (Tpm)
Authors: Miguel Sara , Diez Josefina , Gamasa Ma Pilar , Lastra Ma Elena 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNew ruthenium(II) scorpionate complexes containing tris(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methanesulfonate (Tpms) and tris(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methane (Tpm) ligands have been synthesized. For complexes with Tpms, two isomers are obtained as the kinetic (1a) and thermodynamic (1b) products, which shows that, for these complexes, the κ3(N,N,N) coordination mode of the Tpms ligand is favored over κ3(N,N,O) coordination. In addition, complexes with water soluble phosphane ligands 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane (PTA) and 1‐alkyl‐3,5‐diaza‐1‐azonia‐7‐phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane (1‐R‐PTA) have been prepared and structurally characterized.
The St George's Eating Disorders Service Meal Preparation Group for Inpatients and Day Patients Pursuing Full Recovery: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lock Laura , Williams Hilary , Bamford Bryony , Lacey J. Hubert 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis naturalistic cohort study evaluates a meal cookery group‐based occupational therapy intervention for adult inpatients and day patients with severe eating disorders. It also evaluates the Eating and Meal Preparation Skills Assessment (EMPSA) as an outcome measure, allowing clients pursuing recovery to rate ability and motivation to perform tasks related to preparing and eating ‘normal’ meals. Twenty‐seven participants completed EMPSAs at their first, 10th and final sessions, plus 1 year later. The Ability subscale of EMPSA indicated significant improvements (p < 0.001) by the 10th session, which was maintained 1 year later. The Motivation subscale of EMPSA indicated no significant changes at the 10th session but highly significant improvements (p < 0.001) between the 10th and final session, which was maintained 1 year later. Internal consistency for EMPSA was demonstrated by Cronbach's alpha of 0.71 for Ability subscale and 0.95 for Motivation subscale. We conclude that the meal preparation group is effective and durable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Novel partial decision combining schemes for Rayleigh fading
Authors: Chen Yunfei , Beaulieu Norman C. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTNew combining schemes for partial decisions using one‐bit and two‐bit information of the received samples are derived for Rayleigh fading channels. Compared with previous partial decision combining schemes, these new schemes have either better performances or simpler structures, or both. Simulation results show that some of the new schemes can achieve considerable performance gains over the conventional partial decision combiner in Rayleigh fading or log‐normal shadowed Rayleigh fading, whereas their structures are much simpler than the conventional partial decision combiner. This confirms the advantages of the newly designed combining schemes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QUALITY OF LIFE, TREATMENTS, AND PATIENTS' WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR A COMPLETE REMISSION OF CERVICAL CANCER IN TAIWAN
Authors: Lang Hui‐Chu , Chang Koyin , Ying Yung‐Hsiang 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTCervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in Taiwan. To investigate the disease cost and then raise awareness of the importance of screening for cervical cancer and promote early detection, this paper employs contingent valuation and willingness to pay (WTP) method to study how health‐related quality of life, disease severity, and after‐treatment disease status affect patients’ WTP for a complete remission of the disease. The inclusive criteria for the study were primary case outpatients at least 3 months after they had received therapy at the time of our study period. Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted for the retrospective format of the survey. The result of the study indicates a lifetime WTP of $US21 221.96 for Taiwanese cervical cancer patients, which is significantly higher than the cost of screening for early detection. Disease stages do not show a consistent pattern in influencing WTP, but patients with surgery are willing to pay a significantly higher amount for a complete remission from the disease than patients without. In addition, mental health, positive attitudes toward life, and quality of life also are key factors that influence WTP. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lesezeichen im Buch des Lebens
Authors: Keller Kristina , Jung Manfred 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObwohl alle Zelltypen des Menschen das gleiche genetische Material haben, nehmen sie unterschied liche Aufgaben wahr. Es gibt also ein zelltypspezifisches Ablesen der Gene. Verantwortlich dafür sind bio che mische Markierungen.
Phosphatfrei waschen — phosphatbepackt spülen
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAus den Waschmaschinen sind sie inzwischen verbannt, aber in Geschirrspülern gelten sie als Wundermittel: Tripolyphosphate. Die Suche nach Alternativen ist schwierig und gleicht einem Puzzlespiel.
Stolperstellen bei der Einführung der CLP‐Verordnung
Authors: Darschnik Sabine 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDie Kennzeichnung von gefährlichen Chemikalien ändert sich. Nicht nur die neue Farbgestaltung, sondern auch neue Symbole verunsichern die Nutzer. Zum Beispiel weist ein stilisierter Torso auf die hochgefährlichen Substanzen hin, deren Etiketten ehemals einen Totenkopf zeigten. Entscheidend für die betriebliche Praxis ist jedoch, dass die stoffbedingten Risiken gleich geblieben sind.
Antibakterielle Seife
Authors: Schebb Nils Helge 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTriclocarban (TCC) wird antibakteriellen Seifen in einer Konzentration von bis zu 1,5 Prozent zugesetzt. Neue Studien deuten darauf hin, dass sich der Stoff in Gewässern anreichert und in Säugetieren bio logisch aktiv ist. Daraus ergeben sich Fragen zur Humanexposition sowie zu einer möglichen pharma kologischen oder toxischen Wirkung von TCC auf den Menschen.
Was unter dem Hügel steckt
Authors: Kuhnert Nikolai 
Published: September 2011

AbstractKomplexe Stoffgemische, wie sie in verarbeiteten Lebensmitteln, etwa schwarzem Tee, vorkommen, ergeben im Chromatogramm keine scharfen, sondern sehr breite Signale. Mit ultrahochaufgelöster und Tandem‐Massenspektrometrie lassen sich solche “unresolved complex mixtures” dennoch charakterisieren.
Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities after tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in Ph+ all resolution after decitabine therapy
Authors: Lockhart Sharon , McDonald Lisa , Rytting Michael , Chan Ka Wah 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMixed chimerism and presence of minimal residual disease after stem cell transplantation (SCT) usually predict leukemia recurrence. In Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) leukemia tyrosine kinase inhibitors can restore remission. These agents can induce clonal cytogenetic abnormalities in the Philadelphia negative cell population (CCA/Ph−), which may rarely progress to acute myeloid leukemia. A child with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia showed mixed donor chimerism and persistent bcr‐abl transcripts after a matched sibling SCT. There was no response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, but she has remained hematologically normal for more than 5 years. CCA/Ph− was detected but resolved with hypomethylating therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:573–575. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pulmonary pressure reduction attenuates expression of proteins identified by lung proteomic profiling in pulmonary hypertensive rats
Authors: Østergaard Louise , Honoré Bent , Thorsen Lise B. , Baandrup Jonas , Eskildsen‐Helmond Yvonne , Laursen Britt E. , Vorum Henrik , Mulvany Michael J. , Simonsen Ulf 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe present study was designed to analyze protein expression in lungs from pulmonary hypertensive rats in order to identify novel signaling pathways. This was achieved by proteomic studies in which proteins from lung homogenates from hypoxic were compared to normoxic rats. The expression of these proteins was then investigated in lungs from hypoxic rats treated with either an activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase, BAY 412272, or an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5, sildenafil. The proteomic study revealed an up‐regulation of guanine nucleotide‐binding protein β, GST‐ω‐1, cathepsin D, chloride intracellular channel subunit 5, annexin A4, F‐actin capping protein CapZ (CapZα), and the translation factor elongation factor 1 δ in lungs from chronic hypoxic rats with pulmonary hypertension. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CapZα, cathepsin D, and annexin A4 were expressed in the pulmonary vascular wall and immunoblotting showed these proteins correlated to alterations in muscularization. Both drugs inhibited hypoxia‐induced increase in right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary arterial muscularization, and prevented most of the protein regulations observed after hypoxia. These findings suggest that pulmonary pressure is an important factor for initiating signaling pathways leading to protein expression and muscularization in the pulmonary vasculature.
Well‐defined polyoxazoline‐based alkoxyamines as efficient macroinitiators in nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization of styrene
Authors: Marx Lucien , Volet Gisele , Amiel Catherine 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of two well‐defined 2,2,5‐trimethyl‐4‐phenyl‐3‐azahexane‐3‐nitroxide‐terminated poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) with narrow dispersity (Mw/Mn = 1.1) has been achieved for the first time. The insertion of the alkoxyamine end groups at one or both ends of poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PMEOX) chains has been successfully done using a method based on “terminating reagent method.” These macroinitiators have molecular weights ranging from 6.3 × 103 to 9.4 × 103 g mol−1. In contrast, attempt to introduce the alkoxyamine group at one end of PMEOX chain through the “initiator method” has furnished a mixture of alkoxyamine‐graft polyoxazolines because of rearrangement of alkoxyamine occurring during the synthesis of PMEOX. The macroinitiators obtained by terminating reagent method have been used successfully for polymerization of styrene by nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMP), which exhibited all the expected features of a controlled system. The control of NMP has been proved by a good agreement between theoretical and experimental molecular weights and by narrow dispersity (Mw/Mn < 1.2). Different types of well‐defined multiblock copolymers have been prepared: diblock copolymers poly[(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline)‐b‐(styrene)] (PMEOX‐b‐PS) and, for the first time, triblock copolymers poly[(styrene)‐b‐(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline)‐b‐(styrene)] (PS‐b‐PMEOX‐b‐PS). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.
Photoinduced thiol–ene crosslinking of globalide/ε‐caprolactone copolymers: Curing performance and resulting thermoset properties
Authors: Claudino Mauro , van der Meulen Inge , Trey Stacy , Jonsson Mats , Heise Andreas , Johansson Mats 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe increasing demand for bioderived polymers led us to investigate the potential use of the macrolactone globalide in thermoset synthesis via the photoinduced thiol–ene reaction. A series of six lipase‐catalyzed poly(globalide‐caprolactone) copolyesters bearing internal main‐chain unsaturations ranging from 10 to 50 and 100 mol % were successfully crosslinked in the melt with equal amounts of thiol groups from trimethylolpropane‐trimercapto propionate affording fully transparent amorphous elastomeric materials with different thermal and viscoelastic properties. Three major conclusions can be drawn from this study: (i) high thiol–ene conversions (>80%) were easily attained for all cases, while maintaining the cure behavior, and irrespective of functionality at reasonable reaction rates; (ii) parallel chain‐growth homopropagation of the ene monomer is insignificant when compared with the main thiol–ene coupling route; and (iii) high ene‐density copolymers result in much lower extracted sol fractions and high Tg values as a result of a more dense and homogeneous crosslinked network. The thiol–ene system evaluated in this contribution serve as model example for the sustainable use of naturally occurring 1,2‐disubstituted alkenes in making semisynthetic polymeric materials in high conversions with a range of properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012.