bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The European Medicines Agency Review of Pazopanib for the Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Summary of the Scientific Assessment of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use
Authors: Nieto Maria , Borregaard Jeanett , Ersbøll Jens , ten Bosch George J.A. , van Zwieten-Boot Barbara , Abadie Eric , Schellens Jan H.M. , Pignatti Francesco 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
On June 14, 2010, the European Commission issued a conditional marketing authorization valid throughout the European Union for pazopanib for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. Pazopanib is an antineoplastic agent that inhibits multiple receptor tyrosine kinases. The recommended oral dose is 800 mg once daily. The benefit of pazopanib is an increased progression-free survival. In the pivotal trial VEG105192, the median progression-free survival was 9.2 months (95% confidence interval, 7.4–12.9) in the pazopanib arm compared with 4.2 months (95% confidence interval, 2.8–4.2) in the placebo arm. The most common side effects include diarrhea, hair color change, hypertension, nausea, fatigue, anorexia, vomiting, dysgeusia, elevated alanine aminotransferase, elevated aspartate aminotransferase, and abdominal pain. The objective of this article is to summarize the scientific review of the application that led to approval in the European Union. Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6608–14. ©2011 AACR.
Phase I/II and Pharmacodynamic Study of Dovitinib (TKI258), an Inhibitor of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors and VEGF Receptors, in Patients with Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Kim Kevin B. , Chesney Jason , Robinson Douglas , Gardner Humphrey , Shi Michael M. , Kirkwood John M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Dovitinib (TKI258) is an orally available inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), VEGF, and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. This phase I/II dose–escalation study was conducted to evaluate the safety, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary efficacy of dovitinib in the treatment of advanced melanoma.
Experimental Design: Patients with advanced melanoma resistant or refractory to standard therapies or for whom no standard therapy was available were enrolled. Dovitinib was administered at doses ranging from 200 to 500 mg/d.
Results: Forty-seven patients were enrolled. The most frequently reported adverse events were fatigue (77%; grade ≥3, 28%), diarrhea (77%; grade ≥3, 11%), and nausea (77%; grade ≥3, 9%). Six dose-limiting toxicities were observed in the 400-mg and 500-mg dose cohorts, which consisted of grade 3 nausea, fatigue, and diarrhea and grade 4 fatigue events. The maximum tolerated dose was 400 mg/d. The best tumor response was stable disease, which was observed in 12 patients. Increases in plasma FGF23, VEGF, and placental growth factor and decreases in soluble VEGF receptor 2 were noted during the first cycle of treatment, consistent with FGF receptor (FGFR) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) inhibition. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI analysis showed a dose-dependent decrease in tumor blood flow and vascular permeability with dovitinib therapy. A decrease in FGFR phosphorylation was observed in paired tumor biopsy samples from a patient treated with dovitinib at a dose of 400 mg/d.
Conclusions: At a dose of 400 mg/d, dovitinib showed an acceptable safety profile and limited clinical benefit and inhibited FGFR and VEGFR. Clin Cancer Res; 17(23); 7451–61. ©2011 AACR.
Local stability of the Pexiderized Cauchy and Jensen's equations in fuzzy spaces
Authors: Najati Abbas , Kang Jung Im , Cho Yeol Je 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Lex X be a normed space and Y be a Banach fuzzy space. Let D = {(x, y) ∈ X × X : ||x|| + ||y|| ≥ d} where d > 0. We prove that the Pexiderized Jensen functional equation is stable in the fuzzy norm for functions defined on D and taking values in Y. We consider also the Pexiderized Cauchy functional equation.

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 39B22; 39B82; 46S10.
Mitochondrial DNA alterations of peripheral lymphocytes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients undergoing total body irradiation therapy
Authors: Wen Quan , Hu Yide , Ji Fuyun , Qian Guisheng 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations, including mtDNA copy number and mtDNA 4977 bp common deletion (CD), are key indicators of irradiation-induced damage. The relationship between total body irradiation (TBI) treatment and mtDNA alterations in vivo, however, has not been postulated yet. The aim of this study is to analyze mtDNA alterations in irradiated human peripheral lymphocytes from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients as well as to take them as predictors for radiation toxicity.

Methods
Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from 26 ALL patients 24 hours after TBI preconditioning (4.5 and 9 Gy, respectively). Extracted DNA was analyzed by real-time PCR method.

Results
Average 2.31 times mtDNA and 0.53 fold CD levels were observed after 4.5 Gy exposure compared to their basal levels. 9 Gy TBI produced a greater response of both mtDNA and CD levels than 4.5 Gy. Significant inverse correlation was found between mtDNA content and CD level at 4.5 and 9 Gy (P = 0.037 and 0.048). Moreover, mtDNA content of lymphocytes without irradiation was found to be correlated to age.

Conclusions
mtDNA and CD content may be considered as predictive factors to radiation toxicity.
Pyrolysis of Ethyl Iodide as Hydrogen Atom Source: Kinetics and Mechanism in the Temperature Range 950–1200 K
Authors: Bentz Tobias , Szőri Milan , Viskolcz Béla , Olzmann Matthias 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Ethyl iodide is a well known H atom precursor in shock tube experiments. In the present work, we study peculiarities, when C2H5I is used under conditions, where its decomposition is not longer fast compared to consecutive bimolecular reactions. On the basis of shock tube experiments with detection of H and I atoms by resonance absorption spectrometry, accompanied by quantum chemical (CCSD(T)/6-311G//CCSD/6-311G) and statistical rate theory calculations, we propose a small mechanism (5 reactions, 7 species) and kinetic data, which allow an adequate description of C2H5I pyrolysis as a H atom source down to temperatures between 950 and 1200 K at pressures ranging from 1 to 4 bar: C2H5I→C2H5 + I (1), k
1 = 9.9 × 1012 exp(−23200 K/T) s−1; C2H5 + M→C 2H4 + H + M (2), k
2 = 1.7 × 10−6 exp(−16800 KT) cm3 s−1 [D. L. Baulch et al., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 34 (2005) 757]; C2H5I→C2H4 + HI (3), k
3 = 1.7 × 1013 exp(−26680 KT) s−1; H + HI→H2 + I (4), k
4 = 7.9 × 10−11 exp(−330 KT) cm3 s−1 [D. L. Baulch et al., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 10(Suppl. 1) (1981) 1]; C2H5I + H→C2H5 + HI (5), k
5 = 7.0 × 10−9 exp(−3940 KT) cm3 s−1. The latter bimolecular abstraction step turned out crucial for an adaquate d escription of the hydrogen atom concentration-time profiles in the above mentioned temperature and pressure range for initial concentrations [C2H5I]0 > 2 × 1013 cm−3 corresponding to mole fractions > 1 ppm.
Bevacizumab Treatment for Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Alvarez Ricardo H. , Guarneri Valentina , Icli Fikri , Johnston Stephen , Khayat David , Loibl Sibylle , Martin Miguel , Zielinski Christoph , Conte PierFranco , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSignificant advances in the treatment of patients with breast cancer have been made in the past 10 years. The current systemic treatment of breast cancer is characterized by the discovery of multiple cancer targets leading to treatments that are more sophisticated and specific than conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Two classes of compounds that have helped improve clinical outcomes are small molecules and monoclonal antibodies targeting specific tyrosine kinase receptors. Many novel targets have been discovered, and parallel multiple approaches to anticancer therapy have recently emerged from the literature. One promising strategy is targeting the proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), either by ligand sequestration (preventing VEGF receptor binding) or inhibiting downstream receptor signaling. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against VEGF, has been shown to improve the efficacy of taxanes in frontline treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer. This review outlines the most promising breast cancer studies using bevacizumab combined with traditional cytotoxic agents in advanced breast cancer. In addition, we discuss the current indications reviewed by the Oncologic Drug Advisory Committee and define our vision of how the benefit of patient clinical trials should be measured.
Mineral Concentration of Broccoli Florets in Relation to Year of Cultivar Release
Authors: Farnham Mark W. , Keinath Anthony P. , Grusak Michael A. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIt has been proposed that crop improvement through directed plant breeding has resulted in decreases in nutrient concentrations of harvested components over time. A few field studies wherein cultivars released over a period of years are evaluated for nutrient content provide the best evidence for nutrient changes over time; however, no such studies have been conducted with vegetable crops. To accomplish this with broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.), we grew 14 cultivars released over 50 yr in two field trials, and harvested florets were assayed for mineral concentration by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy. Results indicated significant cultivar differences in floret concentrations of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, P, and Zn, but not of K, Mn, Mo, or S. With most minerals, there was no clear relationship between concentration and release year. Although the oldest cultivar exhibited some of the higher mineral concentrations, from 1975 to the present no significant changes appear to have occurred. Head mass was negatively correlated with concentrations of most minerals, but head mass was not correlated with year of release. We propose it most relevant to examine mineral nutrient changes for cultivars grown since 1975 when broccoli phenotypes changed dramatically and the vegetable grew in prominence as a component in the U.S. diet. Results provide a guide for mineral levels in broccoli that should be maintained as other characteristics are manipulated in the future.
Genetic Similarity Analysis in Lentil Using Cross‐Genera Legume Sequence Tagged Microsatellite Site Markers
Authors: Datta Subhojit , Tiwari Saurabh , Kaashyap Mayank , Gupta Prasoon P. , Choudhury Partha R. , Kumari Jyoti , Kumar Shiv 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTMolecular markers have emerged as useful tools to assess the genetic diversity across crops. In lentil, molecular markers are limited. The objective of the study was to explore cross‐genera transferability of sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers from related legumes and assess their utility in lentils. Thirty lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. subsp. culinaris) accessions were evaluated for genetic similarity analysis using cross‐genera STMS markers. Thirty‐nine STMS markers amplified 68 alleles with an average of 1.74 alleles per locus. Twenty lentil‐specific STMS markers produced a total of 36 amplicons, of which 90% (18) markers were polymorphic. A maximum of four alleles were obtained with primers SSR13 and SSR19. Of 47 STMS markers from other legume genera, only 19 markers produced 32 scorable amplicons, and only 58% (11) of the amplified markers exhibited polymorphism. The polymorphism information content values observed with lentil specific markers ranged from 0.02 to 0.99, while for transferrable markers it ranged from 0.06 to 0.84. Maximum genetic similarity was observed between ‘NDL1’ and ‘LH84‐8’ (0.942) and minimum between ‘PL234’ and ‘Precoz’ (0.709). The dendrogram based on Jaccard's similarity coefficients showed limited genetic variability among the cultivars included in the present study. A combination of lentil‐specific and transferrable STMS markers was successfully used for identification of genetic similarity in lentil germplasm.
Genetic Characterization and Molecular Mapping Pse‐2 Gene for Resistance to Halo Blight in Common Bean
Authors: Miklas Phillip N. , Fourie Deidré , Trapp Jennifer , Larsen Richard C. , Chavarro Carolina , Blair Matthew W. , Gepts Paul 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTPseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Burkholder) Young et al. (Psp) causes halo blight, which is a serious bacterial disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Several resistance (R) genes have been discovered in host differential cultivar ZAA 12. Our objectives were to further characterize and enable marker‐assisted selection (MAS) of the Pse‐2 gene in ZAA 12 purported to have broad effect against multiple Psp races. A recombinant inbred population, ZAA 12 × ‘Canadian Wonder’, was challenged by the halo blight pathogen differential set consisting of nine Psp races. The resistance conferred by Pse‐2 to races 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9 expanded the effect known for this gene from three to seven races. Segregation in F2 populations confirmed dominant inheritance for Pse‐2 against all races except Race 8. Resistance to Race 8 was recessively inherited and most closely fit a 7 resistant to 9 susceptible segregation ratio in the F2 generation. Perhaps other genes are segregating that modify the effect of Pse‐2 against Race 8. A sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker tightly linked with Pse‐2 was generated. The marker was used to integrate Pse‐2 to chromosome 10. A survey of lines and cultivars revealed the SCAR will have broad utility for MAS of Pse‐2.
Freezing Tolerance and Seasonal Color of Experimental Zoysiagrasses
Authors: Okeyo David O. , Fry Jack D. , Bremer Dale , Rajashekar Channa B. , Kennelly Megan , Chandra Ambika , Genovesi Dennis A. , Engelke Milton C. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTMeyer zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) is the most widely used cultivar in the transition zone of the United States due, in part, to its excellent freezing tolerance. Ten zoysiagrass progeny from crosses between Z. matrella (L.) Merr. × Z. japonica or ‘Emerald’ [Z. japonica × Z. matrella (L.) Merr. var. pacifica Goudswaard] × Meyer, ‘Cavalier’ (Z. matrella), and DALZ 0102 (Z. japonica) were evaluated for (i) freezing tolerance, (ii) autumn and spring color, and (iii) a relationship between autumn color and freezing tolerance. Turfgrass cores were sampled from the field near Manhattan, KS, in October, December, or February and exposed to temperatures from −6 to −22°C in the laboratory. Lethal temperatures resulting in death of 50% of tillers (LT50) after 6 wk of recovery in the greenhouse ranged from −0.2 C to −12.2°C. All grasses were equivalent to Meyer in freezing tolerance except Cavalier on three of five sampling dates and one Z. matrella × Z. japonica progeny in December 2007, which were inferior to Meyer. Digital image analysis indicated that five progeny were superior to Meyer in autumn green color retention, but none were superior to Meyer in spring green color. Autumn color in 2007 was positively correlated (r = 0.40 to 0.58, p ≤ 0.05) with LT50 in December 2007. However, autumn color was also positively correlated with color the following spring (r = 0.31 to 0.72). These progeny demonstrated good freezing tolerance and, in some cases, superior autumn color compared to Meyer.
Plant Breeding Graduate Education: Opinions about Critical Knowledge, Experience, and Skill Requirements from Public and Private Stakeholders Worldwide
Authors: Repinski Shelby L. , Hayes Kathryn N. , Miller Jamie K. , Trexler Cary J. , Bliss Fredrick A. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTPlant breeders play a critical role in crop improvement, yet recent studies have shown that there may not be enough skilled breeders to meet current and future demands. A survey of three expert stakeholders groups, public breeders from developed countries (PUB), private breeders from developed countries (PRI), and breeders from developing countries (DEV), was conducted to determine what knowledge, experiences, and skills plant breeding students should have at completion of a graduate degree. All groups recognized knowledge of plant breeding, statistics, and genetics, as well as experiences and skills in practical breeding, experimental design, and field work as important. In addition, DEV and PUB stakeholders rated plant genetic resources and plant diversity, germplasm management, scientific communication, and field visits as important, and they emphasized interdisciplinary work, leadership, and teamwork. Each sector also highlighted unique needs. The DEV sector emphasized policy and law and regulatory, and the PUB sector placed importance on extension and skills in lab techniques, assessing genetic diversity, and using genomic information. The PRI sector emphasized knowledge about biotechnology and seed business and experience in experimental design, and computer database and program management. Reassessment of plant breeding education programs should incorporate new scientific knowledge and emerging technologies while retaining core knowledge and essential practices and skills.
Photosynthetic Consequences of Late Leaf Spot Differ between Two Peanut Cultivars with Variable Levels of Resistance
Authors: Singh Maninder P. , Erickson John E. , Boote Kenneth J. , Tillman Barry L. , van Bruggen Ariena H.C. , Jones James W. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTLate leaf spot (LLS) caused by Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton reduces leaf CO2 assimilation rate (Asat) and accelerates leaf defoliation, which together lead to major reductions in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield worldwide. This study was conducted to determine whether differences in photosynthetic response to LLS severity exist among peanut cultivars of differing resistance. Field experiments were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to study the effects of LLS on Asat of tagged leaf cohorts, and photosynthetic response of similar age leaves to LLS in peanut cultivars with more (York) and less (Carver) quantitative resistance. A nonlinear model, y = (1 − x)β was used to analyze Asat data, where y is relative Asat, x is measured visual lesion area, and β represents the relationship between virtual and visual lesion area. Progression of LLS severity on leaf cohorts was slower in York than in Carver. However, the reduction in Asat with leaf cohort age was similar across the cultivars. This paradox could be explained by a higher β value in York (4.6) than in Carver (3.6), indicating a greater relative reduction in Asat beyond the necrotic lesion area in York. This greater reduction in Asat in York compared to Carver was most closely related to a reduction in maximum carboxylation velocity. Results indicated that future efforts to improve LLS resistance should include sustaining Asat in response to LLS infection along with slower disease progress.
Increasing Maize Productivity in China by Planting Hybrids with Germplasm that Responds Favorably to Higher Planting Densities
Authors: Li Yu , Ma Xinglin , Wang Tianyu , Li Yongxiao , Liu Cheng , Liu Zhizhai , Sun Baocheng , Shi Yunsu , Song Yanchun , Carlone Mario , Bubeck David , Bhardwaj Hans , Whitaker David , Wilson William , Jones Elizabeth , Wright Kevin , Sun Shuku , Niebur William , Smith Stephen 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTWe compared yield, genetic gain, and morphology for two sets of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids using yield test plots grown in China at different planting densities. One set comprised 29 Chinese maize hybrids that were individually widely grown in China during 1964 through 2001. A second set comprised U.S. hybrids that were used either during the 1960s or during the 2000s. The U.S. hybrids had higher yields for both 1960s and 2000s comparisons. United States hybrids showed highest genetic gain (81 kg ha−1) at the highest planting density (67,550 plants ha−1) whereas the highest rate of gain for Chinese hybrids was 62 kg ha−1 at the medium planting density (52,500 plants ha−1). Unlike the Chinese hybrids, U.S. hybrids showed significant interaction with planting density. Chronologically, all hybrids showed morphological changes for many characteristics, often at different rates, and occasionally in different directions. Pedigree and molecular marker data showed U.S. and Chinese hybrids to be very different germplasm with decades‐old U.S. germplasm contributing even to recently developed and widely used Chinese hybrids. Chinese maize agricultural production can rapidly and significantly benefit from adopting breeding and agronomic strategies that allow for improved yield under higher planting densities.
Resistance to Phomopsis Seed Decay Identified in Maturity Group V Soybean Plant Introductions
Authors: Li Shuxian , Smith James R. , Nelson Randall L. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTPhomopsis seed decay (PSD) of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., caused primarily by Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs, is the major cause of poor seed quality in most soybean‐growing countries. To identify soybean lines with resistance to PSD, seeds of 208 representative maturity group V soybean plant introductions obtained from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection in 2006 were plated on cultural medium and assayed for the percentage of Phomopsis seed infection. From these data, 122 PIs without seed infection were selected and field screened under natural infection in Stoneville, MS, in 2007. On the basis of assays of naturally infected seeds from 2006 and 2007, 14 PIs were selected for further evaluation with P. longicolla‐inoculated and noninoculated treatments in 2008 and 2009. Plant introduction 424324B was identified as the most PSD‐resistant line. It had no Phomopsis infection in the seed plating assays from 2006, 2007, and 2008. In 2009, frequent rainfall during seed maturation led to high levels of seed infection by P. longicolla (up to 80%) and other fungal pathogens on most of the soybean lines tested in Stoneville, MS. However, only 1 and 2% of the seeds from PI 424324B were infected by P. longicolla in the noninoculated and inoculated treatments, respectively. Plant introduction 458130 was also resistant to PSD, with no seed infection from the naturally infected trials in 2006 and 2007 and less than 3% Phomopsis seed infection in the 2008 and 2009 inoculated trails. These resistant accessions can be used to develop cultivars resistant to PSD.
Evaluation of maximum power point tracking methods for photovoltaic systems
Authors: Talha Abdelaziz , Boumaaraf Houria , Bouhali Omar 
Published: October 2011

Evaluation of maximum power point tracking methods for photovoltaic systems
The output characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) arrays are nonlinear and change with the solar irradiance and the cell's temperature. Therefore, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is needed to draw peak power from the solar array to maximize the produced energy. Among the hill climbing methods, the perturb and observe (P&O) method tracks the maximum power point (MPP) by repeatedly increasing or decreasing the output voltage at the MPP of the PV module. The implementation of the method is relatively simple, but it cannot track the MPP when the irradiance varies quickly with time. In addition, itmay cause system oscillation around the peak power points due to the effect of measurement noise. The incremental conductance (IncCond) method is also often used in PV systems. This method tracks the MPPs by comparing the incremental and instantaneous conductances of the solar array. This method requires longer conversion time, and a large amount of power loss results. In addition, extra hardware circuitry is required to implement the system. In this paper, it is shown that the negative effects associated with such a drawback can be greatly reduced if the intelligent method is used to improve P&O and IncCond algorithms. The perturbation step is continuously approximated by using fuzzy logic controller (FLC). By the digital simulation, the validity of the proposed control algorithm is proved.