bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing the Photovoltaic Efficiency
Authors: Oesterlin Peter , Purath Andreas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDriven by falling prices and competitive pressure manufacturers of photovoltaic cells are seeking for new methods and cell concepts to reduce production costs and increase cell efficiency. Developments which have been of more academic interest over the past years are close to find their way into volume production. While laser applications are already standard for structuring of thin film PV glass panels, they are not yet widely established in the silicon‐wafer‐based cell manufacturing, which still represents more than 80% of the photovoltaic market. However, without adding too much complexity to the process flow most of the new cell concepts are only feasible by introduction of laser processes.
Ready to Work: Solid State Slab Laser
Authors: Du Keming 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThrough an optimal combination of crystal shape, cooling and resonator design, solid state slab lasers may possess special features: short pulse duration and high peak output power, high pulse repetition rate, high beam quality at high average power and flexibility in beam profile, from circular beam profile, through line shaped one dimensional top‐hat, to two dimensional top‐hat with rectangular cross section. Those open for slab lasers a variety of unique applications with added value, such glass processing, scribing, and particle imaging velocimetry and pumping of dye lasers.
Observe the Beam at the Center of Interest
Authors: Schwede Harald 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFor many laser applications it is essential to focus the beam. The characteristics of the focused beam determine fundamentally the result of the laser process. The key parameters for characterizing a laser beam are: the laser power, the beam width, the beam position, the beam propagation ratio M2, the polarization etc. Measurements at the focus of high power laser are a very demanding task. This article will start with a short review on the techniques to focus a beam. Then we are going to concentrate on different concepts how to realize a practical focus diagnostics. Finally, we discuss some typical results and analyze the relation between cause and effect.
Modified retrograde‐flow medial plantar island flap for reconstruction of distal dorsal forefoot defects—Two case reports
Authors: Tsai Johnlong , Liao Han‐Tsung , Ulusal Betul Gozel , Chen Chien‐Tzung , Lin Chih‐Hung 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSoft tissue reconstruction of the distal forefoot and toes poses a difficult problem. Skin grafts are not suitable when deep structures are exposed. Local flaps are not available, particularly for defects of the toes. Free flaps are spared for larger defects. Medial plantar flap has been widely used for plantar defects, especially weight‐bearing surface of the heel. Distally based retrograde‐flow design of this flap allows the transfer of the pedicled flap distally and provides coverage of soft tissue over the metatarsal heads. In this report, we further modified the retrograde‐flow medial plantar island flap to extend its use for distal dorsal forefoot defects. The technique and outcomes of two patients are presented. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
Anterolateral thigh adipofascial flap for the restoration of facial contour deformities
Authors: Jin Xiaolei , Teng Li , Xu Jiajie , Lu Jianjian , Zhang Chao , Zhang Bo , Zhao Zhenmin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFrom January 2000 to May 2008, 50 patients with facial contour deformities underwent soft tissue augmentation with 51 anterolateral thigh (ALT) adipofascial flaps. Fifty flaps survived with no complications; partial fat necrosis occurred in one flap. Mean follow‐up was 16 months. Flaps ranged from 10 × 6 cm to 20 × 12 cm. Perforators were found in 50 flaps, 43 musculocutaneous perforators (84.3%) and 7 septocutaneous perforators (13.7%), with a mean of 2.5 perforators per flap. In one flap (2.0%), no perforator was found. In this case, we used an anteromedial thigh adipofascial flap using the medial branch of the descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery as the vascular pedicle. Relatively symmetric facial contour was achieved in 20 cases. In 30 cases, adjunctive procedures including flap debulking, fat injection, and resuspension were necessary, and 23 patients achieved satisfactory outcomes. We conclude that the ALT adipofascial flap can be successfully elevated and transplanted for the correction of soft tissue facial defects. This flap can provide tissue to fill large defects, and posses the qualities of pliability, an excellent blood supply, ease of suspension and fixation, and minimal morbidity at the donor site. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:368–375, 2010.
Continuous local intraarterial infusion of anticoagulants for microvascular free tissue transfer in primary reconstruction of the lower limb following resection of sarcoma
Authors: Saito Akira , Sawaizumi Masayuki , Imai Tomohiro , Matsumoto Seiichi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn free tissue transfers, preventing microvascular thrombosis is the first priority to achieve a successful result. Numerous protocols exist for preventing thrombosis postoperatively. We performed continuous local intraarterial infusion of anticoagulants in 11 patients undergoing wide resection of malignant soft tissue tumors, followed by primary microvascular reconstruction in the lower limb. A catheter designed for epidural anesthesia was inserted into the femoral artery and connected to a syringe pump. A daily dose of 100 ml comprising 2,000 U of heparin and 40 μg of prostaglandin E1 was administered by means of continuous infusion for seven consecutive days as a standard regime. There were no cases of thrombosis during the continuous local intraarterial infusion of anticoagulants. There were no serious systemic complications. Although we have described limited cases and supporting data are lacking, we feel that this procedure might be useful for microsurgical reconstruction of the lower limb. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:376–379, 2010.
Development of techniques for gastrojejunal bypass surgery in obese mice
Authors: Lan Zhu , Zassoko Roman , Liu Weihua , Garcia Bertha , Sun Hongtao , Wang Rennian , Wang Hao 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe have previously described a duodenojejunal bypass (DJB) surgical model in healthy C57BL/6 mice. However, our pilot study showed that the same surgical technique caused a high mortality rate in obese mice. In this study, to significantly improve animal survival rate following bariatric surgery and thereby providing a stable surgical model for the study of glucose homeostasis in obese mice, we have used modified techniques and developed the end‐to‐side gastrojejunal bypass (GJB) surgery in obese C57BL/6 with impaired glucose tolerance. The modification consisted of using the distal part of the jejunum for biliopancreatic diversion including: 1) ligation of the distal stomach at the level of the pylorus; 2) connection the jejunum to the anterior wall of stomach in an end‐to‐side fashion; and 3) diverting the biliopancreatic secretions through the blind limb into the distal jejunum through an end‐to‐side anastomosis. We found that by modifying the proximal end‐to‐end duodenojejunal anastomosis, described in our original model, to an end‐to‐side gastrojejunal anastomosis in these obese mice, we were able to significantly improve the postoperative mortality in this study. We have also demonstrated that performing the GJB surgery in obese mice resulted in significant weight loss, normalized blood glucose levels, and prevented acute pancreatitis. This newly developed GJB surgery in the obese mice offers a unique advantage to study the mechanisms of gastrointestinal surgery as treatment for type 2 diabetes. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
NMR characterization of 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diyl hydrogen phosphate binding to chiral molecular micelles
Authors: Kingsbury Stephanie A. , Ducommun Curtis J. , Zahakaylo Bryan M. , Dickinson Elizabeth H. , Morris Kevin F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNMR spectroscopy was used to characterize the binding of the chiral compound 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diyl hydrogen phosphate (BNP) to five molecular micelles with chiral dipeptide headgroups. Molecular micelles have covalent linkages between the surfactant monomers and are used as chiral mobile phase modifiers in electrokinetic chromatography. Nuclear overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (NOESY) analyses of (S)‐BNP:molecular micelle mixtures showed that in each solution the (S)‐BNP interacted predominately with the N‐terminal amino acid of the molecular micelle's dipeptide headgroup. NOESY spectra were also used to generate group binding maps for (S)‐BNP:molecular micelle mixtures. In these maps, percentages are assigned to the (S)‐BNP protons to represent the relative strengths of their interactions with a specified molecular micelle proton. All maps showed that (S)‐BNP inserted into a previously reported chiral groove formed between the molecular micelle's dipeptide headgroup and hydrocarbon chain. In the resulting intermolecular complexes, the (S)‐BNP protons nearest to the analyte phosphate group were found to point toward the N‐terminal Hα proton of the molecular micelle headgroup. Finally, pulsed field gradient NMR diffusion experiments were used to measure association constants for (R) and (S)‐BNP binding to each molecular micelle. These K values were then used to calculate the differences in the enantiomers' free energies of binding, Δ(ΔG). The NMR‐derived Δ(ΔG) values were found to scale linearly with electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) chiral selectivities from the literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring youth exposure to advertising on television: the devil is in the details
Authors: Jernigan David H. , Ross Craig 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

In the wake of increasing evidence that youth exposure to alcohol marketing is a risk factor in underage drinking, public health researchers are trying a variety of methods to measure that exposure. Based on lessons learned from more than 20 reports on exposure produced by the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth, best practices in data sources, definitions of terms and specific measurement issues such as census versus sampling, identifying the at‐risk population and performing basic calculations of gross rating points (GRPs) and GRP ratios are reviewed, using examples from work of the Center and other public health researchers. Specific recommendations for best practices in calculating and reporting exposure metrics are provided, including how to measure and report trends, differentiating between audit and planning perspectives and the importance of measuring exposure at both the category and the brand level. These recommendations are relevant not only to the monitoring of youth exposure to alcohol marketing, but also exposure to marketing for other potentially harmful products such as foods of low nutritional value, tobacco and pharmaceutical drugs.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peripheral blood stem cell support for multiple cycles of dose intensive induction therapy is feasible with little risk of tumor contamination in advanced stage neuroblastoma: A report from the Childrens Oncology Group
Authors: Bensimhon Pamela , Villablanca Judith G. , Sender Leonard S. , Matthay Katherine K. , Park Julie R. , Seeger Robert , London Wendy B. , Yap John Stephen F. , Kreissman Susan G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundPoor outcome in Stage 4 neuroblastoma may be improved with increased dose intensity of therapy. We investigated the feasibility of sequential collection and infusion of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) as hematopoietic support for non‐myeloablative dose intensive induction chemotherapy given every 21–28 days.MethodsTwenty‐two children with Stage 4 neuroblastoma (≥1 year of age) received two cycles of high‐dose cyclophosphamide (4 g/m2), doxorubicin (75 mg/m2), and vincristine (2 mg/m2) followed by three cycles of interpatient dose escalating carboplatin (Dose Level 0 = 800 mg/m2; Dose Level 1 = 1,000 mg/m2), high‐dose cyclophosphamide (4 g/m2), and etoposide (600 mg/m2). PBSC were harvested following cycle 2, 3, and 4 in Cohort 1 and infused after each subsequent cycle. In Cohort 2, PBSC were harvested after cycle 2 and split into three aliquots for infusion. Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and ability to administer cycles within 28 days was assessed.ResultsSufficient PBSC (≥2 × 106 CD34 cells/kg per infusion) were collected from 17/21 eligible patients with minimal toxicity and no detectable neuroblastoma cells by immunocytology. Carboplatin at 1000 mg/m2 resulted in DLT of delayed platelet recovery >28 days in 4/8 patients. Despite de‐escalation to 800 mg/m2, platelet DLT occurred in 4/7 Cohort 1 and 3/7 Cohort 2 patients.ConclusionAs defined in this protocol, doses of carboplatin were not tolerable with the PBSC dose administered. However, it was feasible to collect sufficient PBSC from small neuroblastoma patients to use as hematopoietic support with minimal risk of tumor contamination and toxicity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:596–602. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inpatient use of laxatives during opioid administration in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: O'Brien Sarah H. , Fan Ling , Kelleher Kelly J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundConstipation is a frequent adverse drug event seen with opioids, the first‐line therapy for sickle cell pain crises. Proactive use of laxatives and stool softeners is recommended when opioids are prescribed. Our objective was to generate national estimates of the inpatient use of laxatives during opioid administration in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and identify associations between individual and hospital‐level factors and laxative prescription.ProcedureWe analyzed data from 29 children's hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System, extracting patients 0–18 years of age with SCD hospitalized between 7/1/2007 and 6/30/2008. Our main outcome measure was the percentage of opioid‐receiving patients who also received a laxative or stool softener.ResultsSix thousand ninety‐three total SCD admissions received opioids. Two‐thirds (66%) of patients received at least one laxative, and 31% received more than one. The most commonly prescribed constipation medication was polyethylene glycol‐electrolyte solution (42.0%), followed by docusate (31.4%) and senna (13.6%). Logistic regression revealed that increasing age was associated with increased use of laxatives, as were length of stay >1 day (OR = 3.12), medical as compared to surgical admissions (OR = 4.16), and discharge diagnosis of constipation (OR = 18.6). Patients were somewhat less likely to receive laxatives in small and large volume hospitals as compared to medium hospitals.ConclusionsA substantial number of hospitalized patients with SCD receiving opioids do not receive laxatives and there is unexpected variability in the use of these medications. Increased attention needs to be paid to constipation prophylaxis in patients with SCD, particularly in younger patients and post‐surgical patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:559–562. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A prospective study of a long‐term follow‐up of an observation program for neuroblastoma detected by mass screening
Authors: Tanaka Mio , Kigasawa Hisato , Kato Keisuke , Ijiri Rieko , Nishihira Hirokazu , Aida Noriko , Ohama Youkatsu , Tanaka Yukichi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundA nationwide mass screening for neuroblastoma (NBL) in 6‐month‐old infants (MS6M) was performed in Japan from 1985 to 2003. Favorable biological features were identified for most of the detected tumors; consequently, we began an observation program for selected screened patients in 1993. Here, we report the clinicopathological findings and present status of patients enrolled in our observation program, with the goal of evaluating its usefulness.ProcedureBetween 1993 and 2003, 53 of 101 patients with NBL detected by MS6M were enrolled. The patients were divided into four groups according to changes in urinary VMA and HVA levels and tumor size.ResultsUrinary VMA and HVA levels decreased in 39 of 53 patients. In 17 of these 39 patients, the tumor became undetectable (Group A); in 22 patients the tumor was detectable (Group B). In seven patients, tumor marker levels varied, and tumor volume gradually increased (Group C). In six patients, tumor marker levels and tumor volume increased in the short term (Group D). One patient had multiple tumors (1M according to International Neuroblastoma Staging System). All tumors in Groups C and D, four tumors in Group B, and one tumor in the 1M patient were removed. No unfavorable biologic factors were noted in any excised tumor.ConclusionsThe observation program of the present study, one of the largest series for MS6M, confirmed that over 70% of patients who fulfilled the criteria could be observed without surgery. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:573–578. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resolving a genetic paradox throughout preimplantation genetic diagnosis for autosomal dominant severe congenital neutropenia
Authors: Malcov Mira , Reches Adi , Ben‐Yosef Dalit , Cohen Tania , Amit Ami , Dgany Orly , Tamary Hannah , Yaron Yuval 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveSevere congenital neutropenia is an inherited disease characterized by low peripheral blood neutrophils, amenable to bone marrow transplantation. Genetic analysis in the family here described detected a ELA2 splice‐site mutation in the affected child and also in his asymptomatic father. The parents requested preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), coupled with HLA matching, to obtain a suitable bone marrow donor for the affected child.MethodsA PGD protocol was developed, based on multiplex nested PCR for direct analysis of the ELA2 mutation, flanking polymorphic markers and HLA typing.ResultsThe amplification efficiency of the mutation was > 90% in single leukocytes from the affected child but only 67% in the father. Analysis of single haploid sperm cells from the father demonstrated three different sperm‐cell populations: (1) sperm cells harboring the ELA2 mutation on the ‘affected’ haplotype, (2) sperm cells without the ELA2 mutation on the ‘normal’ haplotype, and (3) sperm cells without the ELA2 mutation on the ‘affected’ haplotype.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that the ELA2 mutation in the father occurred de novo during his embryonic development, resulting in somatic as well as germ‐line mosaicism. This conclusion was also taken into consideration when PGD was performed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in US antidepressant and antipsychotic prescription patterns during a period of FDA actions
Authors: Pamer Carol A. , Hammad Tarek A. , Wu Yu‐te , Kaplan Sigal , Rochester George , Governale Laura , Mosholder Andrew D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPurposeTo determine if paroxetine versus non‐paroxetine selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) prescribing changed after the June 2003 FDA Paroxetine Public Health Advisory (PPHA) and if antidepressant and antipsychotic prescribing changed after the February 2004 FDA Advisory Committee Meeting (FDACM).MethodsEcologic analysis using estimates of patients dispensed antidepressants and antipsychotics, census data, and promotional spending data. Data sources were SDI: Vector One®, US Census, and IMS Health®. Measures were monthly use levels (number of patients dispensed antidepressants, antipsychotics, paroxetine, and non‐paroxetine SSRIs prescriptions by age group per population count). Percent changes pre‐ to post‐PPHA were used to assess changes in paroxetine versus non‐paroxetine SSRIs prescribing. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was performed to examine use level changes post‐FDACM by drug groups (all antidepressants and all antipsychotics).ResultsPost‐PPHA mean paroxetine use levels decreased for all age groups (range: 5.5–34.1%). Mean non‐paroxetine SSRIs use levels increased (range: 4.6–17.1%). Post‐PPHA changes were greatest for 6–12 and 13–17 year olds. Decreased mean antidepressant drug use levels from pre‐ to post‐FDACM were observed in all groups under 25 years old. A statistically significant decrease in the slopes from pre‐ to post‐FDACM was observed for persons aged 13–17 and 18–24 years. The difference between the forecasted mean use level and the observed mean use level (in 12‐month intervals) was statistically significant for all ages combined (−107.26; 95% CI: −166.32, −48.20) and 1–5 (−3.1; 95% CI: −4.62, −1.58), 6–12 (−36.02; 95% CI: −62.92, −9.12) and 25 years, and older groups (−83.17; 95% CI: −153.95, −12.39). For all age groups, decreases in the slopes of antipsychotic drugs use from pre‐ to post‐FDACM were observed, although these slope changes were not statistically significant. The difference between the forecasted mean antipsychotic drugs use level and the observed mean use level (in 12‐month intervals) was statistically significantly lower for all age groups.ConclusionsAntidepressant use changed post‐PPHA and ‐FDACM, with a differential pattern by age. There was no evidence of increased antipsychotic use post‐FDACM. Ecologic data cannot determine if changes were due to depression not treated with medications or the prescribing of fewer antidepressants for other conditions. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential bias caused by control selection in secondary data analysis: Nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Choi Nam‐Kyong , Hahn Seokyung , Yoon Byung‐Woo , Park Byung‐Joo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the potential for bias introduction when selecting controls for secondary analysis of case‐control study data.MethodsWe used a data set previously collected for an acute brain bleeding analysis (ABBA) study, which was designed to investigate the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (HS) resulting from the use of phenylpropanolamine in Korea. Cases in that study had experienced an HS. Each HS case was matched with age‐ and gender‐based hospital and community controls. Information was obtained on drug exposures including nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NANSAIDs). Odds ratios (OR) for, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of, experiencing an HS were calculated using conditional logistic regressions for each control group.ResultsA total of 940 patients were matched with 1880 controls. The OR of HS occurring in NANSAID users was 1.18 (95%CI, 0.80–1.73) in community controls and 0.67 (95%CI, 0.45–0.98) in hospital controls. The majority of the hospital controls were selected from patients who had visited neurology, neurosurgery, or orthopedic departments.ConclusionThe difference between OR values estimated from hospital and community controls could be the result of selection bias. The study data were originally obtained for a different purpose than this study, and NANSAID use was not considered when the hospital controls were selected. When performing secondary analyses, extra care is needed to note whether the results are consistent across control groups and whether there are indications of bias related to the selection of those controls. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.