bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respecting the Right to Nationality in International Sport
Authors: Worster William Thomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInternational sports pledge to eradicate discriminatory practices, yet paradoxically continue to support discrimination on the grounds of nationality. Athletes compete as part of a national team. This requires sporting associations and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to make distinctions among athletes merely on the grounds of nationality. The Olympic Charter does this. Because of this need to make nationality distinctions, those associations must also develop nationality rules. These rules force choices of nationality and place restrictions on the ability to compete for the new national team. When athletes wish to change nationality, they risk falling into a nationality limbo, where they cannot compete, for lack of a sports nationality.In contrast to international sporting rules and the Olympic Charter, international human rights law takes a different approach to nationality as a human right. Every individual has a right to a nationality. This nationality is often the source of other rights, such as political participation, employment and education. In addition, this right includes the right to change nationality. However, the IOC limits recognizing nationality changes. The result is that athletes who do not satisfy nationality rules can be deemedde factostateless for sport, even though the creation of statelessness is largely prohibited. For these reasons, IOC rules on change of nationality do not live up to the Committee’s own human rights aspirations and the Olympic Charter must be amended to respect the rights to nationality.
Anomaly of subsystem symmetries in exotic and foliated BF theories
Authors: Shimamura Shutaro 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study the mixed ’t Hooft anomaly of the subsystem symmetries in the exotic BF theory and the foliated BF theory in 2+1 dimensions, both of which are fractonic quantum field theories describing the equivalent physics. In the anomaly inflow mechanism, the ’t Hooft anomaly of the subsystem symmetries can be canceled by combining a subsystem symmetry-protected topological (SSPT) phase in one dimension higher. In this work, we construct the exotic and foliated BF theories with background gauge fields, and the exotic and foliated forms of the SSPT phases using the foliated-exotic duality. In the foliated form, we see that the non-topological defect that describes a fracton can be viewed as a symmetry-like operator. We also newly construct the foliated and exotic SSPT phases with different foliation structures via the foliated-exotic duality. We can show that the SSPT phases with different foliation structures cancel the same anomaly. This may provide a clue to the characterization of the ’t Hooft anomaly of subsystem symmetries.
Thermodynamics of the near-extremal Kerr spacetime
Authors: Rakic Ilija , Rangamani Mukund , Turiaci Gustavo J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We examine the thermodynamics of a near-extremal Kerr black hole, and demonstrate that the geometry behaves as an ordinary quantum system with a vanishingly small degeneracy at low temperatures. This is in contrast with the classical analysis, which instead predicts a macroscopic entropy for the extremal Kerr black hole. Our results follow from a careful analysis of the gravitational path integral. Specifically, the low temperature canonical partition function behaves as $$ Z\sim {T}^{\frac{3}{2}}\ {e}^{S_0+c\log {S}_0} $$
Z
∼

T

3
2

e

S
0

+
c
log

S
0

, with S0 the classical degeneracy and c a numerical coefficient we compute. This is in line with the general expectations for non-supersymmetric near-extremal black hole thermodynamics, as has been clarified in the recent past, although cases without spherical symmetry have not yet been fully analyzed until now. We also point out some curious features relating to the rotational zero modes of the near-extremal Kerr black hole background that affects the coefficient c. This raises a puzzle when considering similar black holes in string theory. Our results generalize to other rotating black holes, as we briefly exemplify.
Dynamics, quantum states and Compton scattering in nonlinear gravitational waves
Authors: Audagnotto G. , Di Piazza A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The classical dynamics and the construction of quantum states in a plane wave curved spacetime are examined, paying particular attention to the similarities with the case of an electromagnetic plane wave in flat spacetime. A natural map connecting the dynamics of a particle in the Rosen metric and the motion of a charged particle in an electromagnetic plane wave is unveiled. We then discuss how this map can be translated into the quantum description by exploiting the large number of underlying symmetries. We examine the complete analogy between Volkov solutions and fermion states in the Rosen chart and properly extend this to massive vector bosons. We finally report the squared S-matrix element of Compton scattering in a sandwich plane wave spacetime in the form of a two-dimensional integral.
Loop diagrams in the kinetic theory of waves
Authors: Rosenhaus Vladimir , Schubring Daniel , Shuvo Md Shaikot Jahan , Smolkin Michael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recent work has given a systematic way for studying the kinetics of classical weakly interacting waves beyond leading order, having analogies with renormalization in quantum field theory. An important context is weak wave turbulence, occurring for waves which are small in magnitude and weakly interacting, such as those on the surface of the ocean. Here we continue the work of perturbatively computing correlation functions and the kinetic equation in this far-from-equilibrium state. In particular, we obtain the next-to-leading-order kinetic equation for waves with a cubic interaction. Our main result is a simple graphical prescription for the terms in the kinetic equation, at any order in the nonlinearity.
Thickness of the hard palate
Authors: Kildal Daniela , Riether Tobias , Blasenbrey Tilmann , Turhani Dritan , Antoch Gerald , Beer Meinrad , Geibel Margrit-Ann 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
We were looking for an osteoporosis screening in computed tomography (CT) exams, simple and without additional examinations. We hypothesized that the criterion of “decreasing cortical thickness”, may have an influence on the hard palate. Therefore, we investigated whether thickness of the hard palate (HPT) may serve as an indicator of osteoporosis for patients imaged for other reasons.

Methods
Patients with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and CT were identified by a radiology information system (RIS)-based, full-text search. Measurement of thickness of hard palate done in existing CT image by radiologist and dentist and compared with available findings and DXA measurements.

Results
We identified a “test group”: 57 patients with DXA and CT available out of 449 patient population and we selected further 70 patients without bone diseases as “control groups”. The measurements showed that HPT correlated with age and bone density. The mean HPT was 2.4 mm in normal, 0.9 mm in osteopenia, 0.8 mm in osteoporosis and 5.3 mm in osteopetrosis case. No bone “healthy” patient fell below 1 mm. The relationship between bone density and HPT has not been described previously. HPT was highest in the bone-healthy group and decreased with age, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Osteopetrosis, as a disease with increased bone density showed an increase in HPT.

Conclusions
HPT correlates with bone disease. We propose a new criterion for assessment on CT and digital volume tomography (DVT) or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). A threshold of 1.0 mm when applying a simple measurement of HPT on Head CT or DVT may serve as an indicator for potential osteopenia or osteoporosis as incidental finding without extra imaging further diagnosis and treatment leading to early notice of Osteoporosis.
Prediction of power consumption and its signals in sustainable turning of PH13-8Mo steel with different machine learning models
Authors: Yurtkuran Hakan , Korkmaz Mehmet Erdi , Gupta Munish Kumar , Yılmaz Hakan , Günay Mustafa , Vashishtha Govind 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to extensive distribution and huge demand of energy efficient processes, the energy-saving of machining processes draws more and more attention, and a significant variety of methods have evolved to prognosis or optimise the energy consumption in machining operations. Similarly, the estimation of power consumption-cutting conditions relationships is of great importance for optimizing processing costs and for cleaner machining. Compared to traditional methods, machine learning (ML) approach is one of the effective analysis options to model machinability indicators such as cutting force, tool wear, power consumption and surface quality. In this study, PH13-8Mo stainless steel was machined with coated carbide inserts using primarily Dry, MQL, nano-Graphene + MQL, nano-hBN + MQL, Cryo, Cryo + MQL cutting environments. Power consumption and its signals during milling were measured and different machine learning models were applied to estimate the Pc. To develop the Pc model based on the ML algorithm, 70% of the power consumption data is reserved for training and 30% for testing. In all cutting environments, power consumption increased by an average of 3.14% as feed speed increased. The reduction in Pc compared to the dry cutting was calculated as an average of 2.2%, 3.17%, 2.57%, 4.88% and 5.45% for MQL, nano-Graphen + MQL, nano-hBN + MQL, Cryo, Cryo + MQL, respectively. It is seen that the developed prediction model can reflect the power consumption-parameter relationships at high accuracy.
Post-operative shift in pain profile following fusion surgery for adult spinal deformity: a cluster analysis
Authors: Kato So , Ohtomo Nozomu , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Taniguchi Yuki , Takeshita Yujiro , Kodama Hiroyasu , Ono Takashi , Oshina Masahito , Higashikawa Akiro , Hara Nobuhiro , Tachibana Naohiro , Hirai Shima , Masuda Kazuhiro , Tanaka Sakae , Oshima Yasushi ,   The University of Tokyo Spine Group
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Adult spinal deformity (ASD) is associated with a combination of back and leg pain of various intensities. The objective of the present study was to investigate the diverse reaction of pain profiles following ASD surgery as well as post-operative patient satisfaction.

Methods
Multicenter surveillance collected data for patients ≥ 19 years old who underwent primary thoracolumbar fusion surgery at > 5 spinal levels for ASD. Two-step cluster analysis was performed utilizing pre-operative numeric rating scale (NRS) for back and leg pain. Radiologic parameters and patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores were also obtained. One-year post-operative outcomes and satisfaction rates were compared among clusters, and influencing factors were analyzed.

Results
Based on cluster analysis, 191 ASD patients were categorized into three groups: ClusterNP, mild pain only (n = 55); ClusterBP, back pain only (n = 68); and ClusterBLP, significant back and leg pain (n = 68). ClusterBLP (mean NRSback 7.6, mean NRSleg 6.9) was the oldest 73.4 years (p < 0.001) and underwent interbody fusion (88%, p < 0.001) and sacral/pelvic fixation (69%, p = 0.001) more commonly than the other groups, for the worst pelvis incidence—lumbar lordosis mismatch (mean 43.7°, p = 0.03) and the greatest sagittal vertical axis (mean 123 mm, p = 0.002). While NRSback, NRSleg and PRO scores were all improved postoperatively in ClustersBP and BLP, ClusterBLP showed the lowest satisfaction rate (80% vs. 80% vs. 63%, p = 0.11), which correlated with post-operative NRSback (rho = −0.357).

Conclusions
Cluster analysis revealed three clusters of ASD patients, and the cluster with the worst pain back and leg pain had the most advanced disease and showed the lowest satisfaction rate, affected by postoperative back pain.
HOW I DO IT: Cushing’s disease—selective adenomectomy via an endoscopic transsphenoidal approach
Authors: Phillips N. , Nix P. , De Santos M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
An ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma is the most common cause of excessive endogenous glucocorticoid production resulting in Cushing’s Syndrome. A multidisciplinary approach is paramount. Selective adenomectomy is the treatment of choice.

Method
Endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach to the tumour, along with techniques for resection, are demonstrated.

Conclusion
Endoscopic transsphenoidal approaches with its magnified view of the pituitary gland allows precise microsurgical dissection during selective adenomectomy. This technique increases the possibility of proving a gross total resection, leading to clinical and biochemical cure in these patients.
Safety and efficacy of unilateral focused ultrasound pallidotomy on motor complications in Parkinson’s disease (PD): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abbas Abdallah , Hassan Malak A. , Shaheen Rahma Sameh , Hussein Amna , Moawad Mostafa Hossam El Din , Meshref Mostafa , Raslan Ahmed M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the unilateral focused ultrasound (FUS) pallidotomy on motor complications in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. A comprehensive search strategy was implemented through August 15, 2023, and updated on February 13, 2024, across six databases, identifying studies relevant to unilateral focused ultrasound pallidotomy and PD. Eligibility criteria included observational studies, clinical trials, and case series reporting on the impact of the intervention on motor complications in PD patients. The screening and data extraction were done by two independent reviewers. Risk of bias assessment utilized appropriate tools for different study designs. Statistical analysis involved narrative synthesis and meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses and leave-one-out analyses were performed. Five studies were included in our study, involving 112 PD patients undergoing FUS pallidotomy. UPDRS-II analysis revealed a significant improvement from baseline (mean difference (MD): -3.205, 95% CI: -4.501, -1.909, P < 0.001). UPDRS-III overall change was significant (MD: -10.177, 95% CI: [-12.748, -7.606], P < 0.001). UPDRS-IV showed a significant change from baseline (MD: -5.069, 95% CI: [-5.915, -4.224], P < 0.001). UDysRS demonstrated a significant overall improvement (MD: -18.895, 95% CI: [-26.973, -10.818], P < 0.001). The effect of FUS pallidotomy on motor complications in PD patients was effective, with a significant decrease in the UPDRS and UDysRS, reflecting improvement. The incidence of adverse events (headaches, pin-site pain, difficulty walking, and sonication-related head pain) of the FUS pallidotomy was not statistically significant, indicating its safety.
Two onset types of achalasia and the long-term course to diagnosis
Authors: Kurosugi Akane , Matsumura Tomoaki , Sonoda Michiko , Kaneko Tatsuya , Takahashi Satsuki , Okimoto Kenichiro , Akizue Naoki , Ohyama Yuhei , Mamiya Yukiyo , Nakazawa Hayato , Horio Ryosuke , Goto Chihiro , Ohta Yuki , Taida Takashi , Kikuchi Atsuko , Fujie Mai , Murakami Kentaro , Uesato Masaya , Ozawa Yoshihito , Kato Jun , Matsubara Hisahiro , Kato Naoya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the incidence of achalasia has been increasing, but its cause remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the initial symptoms and the course of symptoms and to find new insights into the cause and course of the disease.MethodsAltogether, 136 patients diagnosed with achalasia by high-resolution manometry (HRM) were enrolled. Questionnaires and chart reviews were conducted to investigate the initial symptoms, time from onset to diagnosis, and comorbidities, as well as the relationship between HRM results, time to diagnosis, and symptom severity.ResultsIn total, 67 of 136 patients responded to the questionnaire. The median ages of onset and diagnosis were 42 and 58 years, respectively. The median time from onset to diagnosis was 78.6 months, with 25 cases (37.3%) taking > 10 years to be diagnosed. The symptom onset was gradual and sudden in 52 (77.6%) and 11 (16.4%) patients, respectively. Of the 11 patients with acute onset, three (27.3%) developed anhidrosis at the same time. There was no correlation between the time from onset to diagnosis and esophageal dilatation, resting LES pressure, or mean integrated relaxation pressure (IRP). No correlation was also found between the degree of symptoms and resting LES pressure or IRP.ConclusionEsophageal achalasia can have acute or insidious onsets. This finding may help to elucidate the cause of achalasia.
Lactate secreted by glycolytic conjunctival melanoma cells attracts and polarizes macrophages to drive angiogenesis in zebrafish xenografts
Authors: Yin Jie , Forn-Cuní Gabriel , Surendran Akshaya Mahalakshmi , Lopes-Bastos Bruno , Pouliopoulou Niki , Jager Martine J. , Le Dévédec Sylvia E , Chen Quanchi , Snaar-Jagalska B. Ewa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConjunctival melanoma (CoM) is a rare but potentially lethal cancer of the eye, with limited therapeutic option for metastases. A better understanding how primary CoM disseminate to form metastases is urgently needed in order to develop novel therapies. Previous studies indicated that primary CoM tumors express Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and may recruit pro-tumorigenic M2-like macrophages. However, due to a lack of proper models, the expected role of angiogenesis in the metastatic dissemination of CoM is still unknown. We show that cells derived from two CoM cell lines induce a strong angiogenic response when xenografted in zebrafish larvae. CoM cells are highly glycolytic and secrete lactate, which recruits and polarizes human and zebrafish macrophages towards a M2-like phenotype. These macrophages elevate the levels of proangiogenic factors such as VEGF, TGF-β, and IL-10 in the tumor microenvironment to induce an angiogenic response towards the engrafted CoM cells in vivo. Chemical ablation of zebrafish macrophages or inhibition of glycolysis in CoM cells terminates this response, suggesting that attraction of lactate-dependent macrophages into engrafted CoM cells drives angiogenesis and serves as a possible dissemination mechanism for glycolytic CoM cells.
The repertoire and levels of secondary metabolites in microbial cocultures depend on the inoculation ratio: a case study involving Aspergillus terreus and Streptomyces rimosus
Authors: Boruta Tomasz , Englart Grzegorz , Foryś Martyna , Pawlikowska Weronika 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the inoculation volume ratio on the production of secondary metabolites in submerged cocultures of Aspergillus terreus and Streptomyces rimosus.

Results
The shake flask cocultures were initiated by using 23 inoculum variants that included different volumes of A. terreus and S. rimosus precultures. In addition, the axenic controls were propagated in parallel with the cocultures. UPLC‒MS analysis revealed the presence of 15 secondary metabolites, 12 of which were found both in the “A. terreus vs. S. rimosus” cocultures and axenic cultures of either A. terreus or S. rimosus. The production of the remaining 3 molecules was recorded solely in the cocultures. The repertoire and quantity of secondary metabolites were evidently dependent on the inoculation ratio. It was also noted that detecting filamentous structures resembling typical morphological forms of a given species was insufficient to predict the presence of a given metabolite.

Conclusions
The modification of the inoculation ratio is an effective strategy for awakening and enhancing the production of secondary metabolites that are not biosynthesized under axenic conditions.
“Embedded Consumer”: Towards a Constitutional Reframing of the Legal Image of Consumers in EU law
Authors: Ouyang J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConsumer protection is an integral part of the current phase of the European integration project. However, eclipsed by market-building, the image of European consumers is homogeneously defined by individual economic interests against a uniform metric. This article proposes the alternative image of an “embedded consumer” to align with the imaginary of the constitutional person under primary EU law, especially the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Under the Charter, a constitutional person is fundamentally shaped and significantly enabled by their communities and thus bears “duties and responsibilities” towards the community. This obligation does not always amount to individual legal responsibility as individuals are inevitably vulnerable (when social structures lack fairness) and rely on social institutions to build up their resilience. Accordingly, the embedded consumer is also socially responsible and humanly vulnerable. This entails that a responsible consumer policy should move beyond individual responsibilisation and involve public obligations and corporate responsibilities to create a conducive framework for sustainable and responsible consumption. A responsible framework is a balanced one, on the one hand, which consciously navigates the conflicts between the various rights of the consumer as a person and between the consumer’s rights and the community’s interests. On the other hand, it also takes consumer vulnerability as the starting point for consumer policy. Such an “embedded consumer” is not merely futuristic but represents a transformation underway in the EU. EU consumer law and policy should be informed by the embedded consumer and the collective vision it reflects.
Therapeutic Approaches for the Prevention of Upper Limb Repetitive Strain Injuries in Work-Related Computer Use: A Scoping Review
Authors: de Waal Alita , Killian Amy , Gagela Afika , Baartzes Jada , de Klerk Susan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To explore and describe therapeutic approaches for the prevention of upper limb (UL) repetitive strain injuries (RSI) amongst computer users in the twenty-first century.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted using the method described by Arksey and O’Malley, further enhanced by Levac et al. to ensure rigor, validity and reliability during analysis. Key concepts pertaining to the research question have been mapped, following comprehensive searches of relevant electronic databases namely EBSCOHost (Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, eBook Collection, E-Journals, Health Source-Consumer Edition, Health Sources—Nursing/Academic Edition and MEDLINE), PUBMED and Google Scholar. The identified studies have been presented in a descriptive numerical summary to address the research aim.

Results
From the 577 studies initially identified, 58 studies were eligible for inclusion in the scoping review after abstract and full text screening. Strategies for the prevention of UL RSIs in computer users were categorised into overarching types of intervention as well as the factors which contribute towards sustained implementation of prevention strategies. Using ergonomic equipment was the most prevalent approach during intervention, breaks and rest periods were found to be the less common intervention offered to prevent RSIs. The majority of the studies noted personal worksite adjustments, including adjustments of the chair, back rest, lumbar support, handles or any arm support to the individual as a strategy to prevent UL RSIs. In high income countries the use of ergonomic equipment was the most common type of approach during intervention, in middle income countries stretches were the most common therapeutic intervention strategy and in low-income countries there was an even distribution between a number of different therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing RSIs.

Conclusions
The review provides an overview of approaches and a comprehensive baseline for identifying further research required to generate prevention approaches. The information within the review may be used to impact company practice, policy and decision making in terms of developing prevention strategies.