bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Phloem Transport of S-Methylmethionine Positively Affects Sulfur and Nitrogen Metabolism and Seed Development in Pea Plants
Authors: Tan Qiumin , Zhang Lizhi , Grant Jan , Cooper Pauline , Tegeder Mechthild 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Seeds of grain legumes are important energy and food sources for humans and animals. However, the yield and quality of legume seeds are limited by the amount of sulfur (S) partitioned to the seeds. The amino acid S-methylmethionine (SMM), a methionine derivative, has been proposed to be an important long-distance transport form of reduced S, and we analyzed whether SMM phloem loading and source-sink translocation are important for the metabolism and growth of pea (Pisum sativum) plants. Transgenic plants were produced in which the expression of a yeast SMM transporter, S-Methylmethionine Permease1 (MMP1, YLL061W), was targeted to the phloem and seeds. Phloem exudate analysis showed that concentrations of SMM are elevated in MMP1 plants, suggesting increased phloem loading. Furthermore, expression studies of genes involved in S transport and metabolism in source organs, as well as xylem sap analyses, support that S uptake and assimilation are positively affected in MMP1 roots. Concomitantly, nitrogen (N) assimilation in root and leaf and xylem amino acid profiles were changed, resulting in increased phloem loading of amino acids. When investigating the effects of increased S and N phloem transport on seed metabolism, we found that protein levels were improved in MMP1 seeds. In addition, changes in SMM phloem loading affected plant growth and seed number, leading to an overall increase in seed S, N, and protein content in MMP1 plants. Together, these results suggest that phloem loading and source-sink partitioning of SMM are important for plant S and N metabolism and transport as well as seed set.
Severe hydroa vacciniforme‐like eruptions confined to sun‐exposed areas
Authors: TAKEUCHI Tsunemichi , KAMIDE Ryoichi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA 15‐year‐old boy presented with vesiculopapular eruptions confined to sun‐exposed areas from the age of 3. Histopathological examination of biopsy specimens of repetitive UVA‐irradiated areas revealed reticular degeneration of the epidermis, and dermal infiltrates in the photoinduced lesions showed a latent Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection. At the age of 21, the number of skin lesions had increased, and his anti‐EBV antibody titers revealed an abnormal profile: an undetectable anti‐EBV nuclear antigen antibody titer despite a detectable antiviral capsid antigen IgG antibody titer. No infectious mononucleosis‐like symptoms, such as prolonged or intermittent fever, lymphoadenopathy, or liver damage were evident up till then. Severe hydroa vacciniforme (HV)‐like eruptions were diagnosed considering the increased number of the skin lesions with increasing age and the unusual anti‐EBV antibody titers, in addition to the histopathological findings. In the same year, he suddenly developed high fever and died from disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome without any spontaneous regression of the skin lesions. In this patient with severe HV‐like eruptions, the skin lesions had been confined to sun‐exposed areas until his death, and the photo‐provocation test showed a positive reaction. Severe HV‐like eruptions may have clinical features suggestive of HV.
The effect of survey sampling frame on coverage: the level of and changes in alcohol‐related mortality in Finland as a test case
Authors: Mäkelä Pia , Huhtanen Petri 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTAims  Exclusion of, for example, the homeless and institutionalized from survey sampling frames has been suggested to be one important reason for low coverage rate of surveys. We assess this, using mortality data from Finland, where in 2004 alcohol taxes were lowered by one‐third, and surveys were unable to capture the 10% increase in per capita consumption.Design and measurement  We compared the level of and the change in alcohol‐related mortality in 2001–03 and 2004–05 in (1) the whole population, (2) the population included in the sampling frame of many Finnish surveys and (3) the population excluded from the sampling frame.Setting and participants  Finns aged 15 years and above, linked individually to cause of death data.Findings  The population outside survey sampling frames constituted 1.4% of the whole population and had a high rate of alcohol‐related deaths. For example, among men the rate of directly alcohol‐attributable causes was 3.7 times higher than in the survey population. Among women the rate ratio was 4.6. The exclusion of the non‐survey population reduced the estimated level of alcohol‐related mortality by 1–4%. Similarly, the non‐survey population had only a marginal effect on the estimates of temporal change.Conclusions  Alcohol‐related mortality, and hence probably also alcohol consumption, is on average much higher in the subgroups of populations excluded from survey sampling frames. Due to the small size of the excluded group in the Finnish context, this has only a small effect on population‐level estimates.
Impulse control disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease receiving dopamine replacement therapy: evidence and implications for the addictions field
Authors: Ambermoon Polly , Carter Adrian , Hall Wayne D. , Dissanayaka Nadeeka N. W. , O'Sullivan John D. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTAims  To describe the prevalence, phenomenology and correlates of ‘impulse control disorders’ (ICDs) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with dopamine replacement therapy (DRT); to assess the strength of the evidence that DRT plays a contributory causal role in these disorders; and to highlight the implications of these disorders for research in the addiction field.Methods  PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched and the reference lists of papers examined.Results  The prevalence of ICDs in Parkinson's patients using DRT varied between 3.5% and 13.6%, depending on the severity and range of disorders assessed. PD patients with ICDs were: generally younger; had an earlier onset of PD; had a personal or family history of substance abuse or an ICD; and were more likely to be treated with dopamine receptor agonists (DA agonists) than levodopa (l‐dopa). There is reasonable evidence that dopaminergic medications play a causal role in ICDs in that they occur at a higher rate in an otherwise low‐risk population of adults, begin after initiation of DA agonist therapy and cease upon its discontinuation. A causal relationship is biologically plausible, but the role of other factors (such as concurrent mood disorders) remain to be clarified by better‐controlled studies.Conclusions  Impulse control disorders among patients with Parkinson's disease receiving dopamine replacement therapy may provide a unique opportunity for addiction researchers to study the neurobiology of impulsive forms of behaviour (such as problem gambling) that appear to be caused, in part, by the therapeutic use of dopamine receptor agonists.
The acute effects of caffeinated versus non‐caffeinated alcoholic beverage on driving performance and attention/reaction time
Authors: Howland Jonathan , Rohsenow Damaris J. , Arnedt J. Todd , Bliss Caleb A. , Hunt Sarah K. , Calise Tamara Vehige , Heeren Timothy , Winter Michael , Littlefield Caroline , Gottlieb Daniel J. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTAims  Marketing that promotes mixing caffeinated ‘energy’ drinks with alcoholic beverages (e.g. Red Bull with vodka) targets young drinkers and conveys the expectation that caffeine will offset the sedating effects of alcohol and enhance alertness. Such beliefs could result in unwarranted risk taking (e.g. driving while intoxicated). The aim of this study was to assess the acute effects of caffeinated versus non‐caffeinated alcoholic beverages on a simulated driving task and attention/reaction time.Design  We conducted a 2 × 2 between‐groups randomized trial in which participants were randomized to one of four conditions: beer and non‐alcoholic beer, with and without caffeine added. Caffeine was added in the same proportion as found in a commercially available caffeinated beer (69 mg/12 oz of beer at 4.8% alc. by vol).Participants  Participants were 127 non‐dependent, heavy episodic, young adult drinkers (age 21–30) who were college students or recent graduates. The target breath alcohol level was 0.12 g%.Measures  Driving performance was assessed with a driving simulator; sustained attention/reaction with the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT).Findings  Across the driving and attention/reaction time we found main effects for alcohol, with alcohol significantly impairing driving and sustained attention/reaction time, with mainly large statistical effects; however, the addition of caffeine had no main or interaction effects on performance.Conclusion  The addition of caffeine to alcohol does not appear to enhance driving or sustained attention/reaction time performance relative to alcohol alone.
Replicating necropsy data without lethal collections: using ultrasonography to understand the decline in northern fur seals
Authors: Testa J. Ward , Adams Gregg P. , Bergfelt Don R. , Johnson Devin S. , Ream Rolf R. , Gelatt Thomas S. 
Published: October 2010

Summary 1. Many valuable contributions to the biology and conservation of harvested or previously harvested species have come from examination of specimens obtained by lethal collections. The northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, has a long history of exploitation, including a large (>320 000) experimental harvest of females from 1955 to 1968 when the population was at a peak (∼2 million seals). The decline caused by this harvest was followed in 1977 by another major decline, apparently unrelated to harvest, that has recently accelerated. 2. To obtain current reproductive data that could be compared directly with historic estimates, we used imaging ultrasonography to estimate pregnancy rate in 171 adult fur seals captured on St. Paul Island, Alaska, in November, near the end of embryonic diapause. A modified logistic regression of pregnancy by date was used to estimate asymptotic pregnancy rate; a Bayesian hierarchical model based on date and size of embryonic vesicle was also used to account for pregnancies that were not detectable on the date of examination. 3. Pregnancy rate was high [0·85 (SE = 0·05), 0·88 (SE = 0·05) or 0·92 (SE = 0·04), depending on method] and there was little statistical support for the hypothesis that the current pregnancy rate is lower than the pre‐decline rate (0·84, SE = 0·012) or contributing significantly to the present decline. 4. Synthesis and applications. Further study on intrauterine losses and pupping rates is necessary and ongoing, but reproductive ultrasonography provided an early comparative assessment important for the conservation management of this fur seal stock. It narrows the search for demographic and ecological causes of the population decline and allows research priorities to evolve in response to the likelihood of those causes. The field and analytic methods described have application to population assessments of other mammalian species, including those considered threatened or serving as ecosystem indicators.
Does global stoichiometric theory apply to bryophytes? Tests across an elevation × soil age ecosystem matrix on Mauna Loa, Hawaii
Authors: Waite Mashuri , Sack Lawren 
Published: October 2010

Summary 1. General hypotheses have related nutrient stoichiometry to physiology and structure for tracheophytes across global resource gradients. These hypotheses have not been tested on bryophytes despite their importance in numerous ecosystem processes. 2. Twelve bryophyte species were sampled across an elevation × soil age matrix representing a dramatic range of climates on Mauna Loa, Hawaii. 3. We tested six major hypotheses for the relationship of tissue nutrients to environment and morphology, and for differences in composition between bryophytes and tracheophytes. 4. Results supported stoichiometric theory. Mass‐based nutrient concentrations increased with soil nutrient availability; area‐based nutrient concentrations increased with irradiance as mediated by bryophyte canopy mass per area; N and P followed the general scaling shown previously for tracheophytes; and P increased and N:P decreased with elevation consistent with increasing cold tolerance. 5. Synthesis. These findings extend the generality of stoichiometric theory, pointing to convergent physiological responses across distantly related lineages, operating across local and global resource gradients.
Surfing the wave on a borrowed board: range expansion and spread of introgressed organellar genomes in the seaweed Fucus ceranoides L.
Authors: NEIVA JOÃO , PEARSON GARETH A. , VALERO MYRIAM , SERRÃO ESTER A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFor many taxa, introgression represents an important source of genetic variation, but the specific contexts allowing locally introgressed material to spread and largely replace native allelic lineages throughout a species range remain poorly understood. Recent demographic‐genetic simulations of spatial expansions show that the stochastic surfing of alien alleles during range expansions may constitute a general mechanism leading to extensive introgression, but empirical evidence remain scarce and difficult to distinguish from selection. In this study, we report a compelling case of such a phenomenon in the estuarine alga Fucus ceranoides. We re‐assessed the phylogenetic relationships among F. ceranoides and its marine congeners F. vesiculosus and F. spiralis using nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast sequence data, and conducted a mtDNA phylogeographic survey in F. ceranoides. Our phylogenetic analyses revealed a recent and asymmetric introgression of a single F. vesiculosus cytoplasm into F. ceranoides. The phylogeographic scope of introgression was striking, with native and introgressed mtDNA displaying disjunct distributions south and north of the English Channel. A putative Pleistocene climatic refugium was detected in NW Iberia, and the extensive and exclusive spread of the alien cytoplasm throughout Northern Europe was inferred to have occurred concurrently with the species post‐glacial, northwards range expansion. This massive spread of a foreign organelle throughout the entire post‐glacial recolonization range represents good empirical evidence of an alien cytoplasm surfing the wave of a range expansion and the first description of such a phenomenon in the marine realm.
The AGC Ser/Thr kinase Aga1 is essential for appressorium formation and maintenance of the actin cytoskeleton in the smut fungus Ustilago maydis
Authors: Berndt Patrick , Lanver Daniel , Kahmann Regine 
Published: October 2010

SummaryOn the plant surface the dimorphic fungus Ustilago maydis switches from budding to hyphal growth and differentiates appressoria. To get more insight into these highly regulated processes we report on the role of a conserved Ser/Thr kinase of the AGC kinase family, Aga1. U. maydis Aga1 could functionally replace Ypk1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. aga1 deletion mutants were affected in growth, cell wall integrity, mating as well as the ability to form appressoria and showed defects in actin organization and actin‐dependent endocytosis. With respect to appressorium formation and endocytosis, the aga1 deletion phenotype could be mimicked by inhibiting the formation of actin filaments with Latrunculin A. These data suggest a critical role of Aga1 in F‐actin organization during the morphological changes accompanying the development of appressoria.
Successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia in a patient with hepatic echinococcal cyst managed by delayed hepatectomy
Authors: Kim J. , Delioukina M.L. , Lee W. , Soriano P. , Prendergast C. , D'Apuzzo M. , Dadwal S.S. 
Published: October 2010

J. Kim, M.L. Delioukina, W. Lee, P. Soriano, C. Prendergast, M. D'Apuzzo, S.S. Dadwal. Successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia in a patient with hepatic echinococcal cyst managed by delayed hepatectomy. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 273–277. All rights reservedAbstract: We report the case of a patient who underwent cytotoxic chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute myelogenous leukemia in the presence of hepatic cystic echinococcal infection. The presence of Echinococcus granulosus infection in an immunocompromised host is extremely rare, with lack of established data regarding optimal management. Successful management of the patient's disease processes required a multidisciplinary approach, which included systemic chemotherapy, HSCT, treatment of chronic graft‐versus‐host‐disease, and elective en bloc resection of the hepatic cyst.
Pulmonary haemodynamics and right ventricular function during cemented hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture
Authors: KOTYRA M. , HOULTZ E. , RICKSTEN S‐E. 
Published: October 2010

Background: Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is characterised by hypoxia, hypotension and loss of consciousness occurring early after bone cementation. The haemodynamic perturbations during BCIS have not been extensively studied, particularly not in patients with femoral neck fracture. We evaluated the effects of cemented hemiarthroplasty, in these patients, on pulmonary haemodynamics, right ventricular performance, intrapulmonary shunting and physiological dead space.Methods: Fifteen patients undergoing cemented hemiarthroplasty because of femoral neck fracture were included. Surgery was performed under total intravenous anaesthesia in the lateral position. All patients were catheterised with a radial and pulmonary artery catheter, for continuous measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), cardiac output, mixed venous oxygen saturation, right ventricular end‐diastolic volume (RVEDV) and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF). Haemodynamic measurements and blood gas analyses were performed after induction of anaesthesia, during surgical stimulation before and immediately after bone cementation and prosthesis insertion, 10 and 20 min after insertion and during skin closure.Results: After bone cementation and prosthesis insertion, MAP (−10%), cardiac index (−10%) and stroke volume index (−10%) decreased, while PAPs (10–15%) and the pulmonary vascular resistance index (45%) increased. RVEF decreased by 10–20%, while the RVEDV index increased by 10%. Pulmonary haemodynamic and RV variables changed progressively with time, while intra‐pulmonary shunting and physiological dead space increased immediately after prosthesis insertion and then returned to baseline.Conclusions: Cemented hemiarthroplasty in patients with femoral neck fracture causes a pronounced pulmonary vasoconstriction and an impairment of RV function accompanied by pulmonary ventilation/perfusion abnormalities.
Spontaneous breathing during high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation improves regional lung characteristics in experimental lung injury
Authors: VAN HEERDE M. , ROUBIK K. , KOPELENT V. , KNEYBER M. C. J. , MARKHORST D. G. 
Published: October 2010

Background: Maintenance of spontaneous breathing is advocated in mechanical ventilation. This study evaluates the effect of spontaneous breathing on regional lung characteristics during high‐frequency oscillatory (HFO) ventilation in an animal model of mild lung injury.Methods: Lung injury was induced by lavage with normal saline in eight pigs (weight range 47–64 kg). HFO ventilation was applied, in runs of 30 min on paralyzed animals or on spontaneous breathing animals with a continuous fresh gas flow (CF) or a custom‐made demand flow (DF) system. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) was used to assess lung aeration and ventilation and the occurrence of hyperinflation.Results: End expiratory lung volume (EELV) decreased in all different HFO modalities. HFO, with spontaneous breathing maintained, showed preservation in lung volume in the dependent lung regions compared with paralyzed conditions. Comparing DF with paralyzed conditions, the center of ventilation was located at 50% and 51% (median, left and right lung) from anterior to posterior and at 45% and 46% respectively, P<0.05. Polynomial coefficients using a continuous flow were −0.02 (range −0.35 to 0.32) and −0.01 (−0.17 to 0.23) for CF and DF, respectively, P=0.01.Conclusions: This animal study demonstrates that spontaneous breathing during HFO ventilation preserves lung volume, and when combined with DF, improves ventilation of the dependent lung areas. No significant hyperinflation occurred on account of spontaneous breathing. These results underline the importance of maintaining spontaneous breathing during HFO ventilation and support efforts to optimize HFO ventilators to facilitate patients' spontaneous breathing.
Evolutionarily accelerated invasions: the rate of dispersal evolves upwards during the range advance of cane toads
Authors: PHILLIPS B. L. , BROWN G. P. , SHINE R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHuman activities are changing habitats and climates and causing species’ ranges to shift. Range expansion brings into play a set of powerful evolutionary forces at the expanding range edge that act to increase dispersal rates. One likely consequence of these forces is accelerating rates of range advance because of evolved increases in dispersal on the range edge. In northern Australia, cane toads have increased their rate of spread fivefold in the last 70 years. Our breeding trials with toads from populations spanning the species’ invasion history in Australia suggest a genetic basis to dispersal rates and interpopulation genetic variation in such rates. Toads whose parents were from the expanding range front dispersed faster than toads whose parents were from the core of the range. This difference reflects patterns found in their field‐collected mothers and fathers and points to heritable variance in the traits that have accelerated the toads’ rate of invasion across tropical Australia over recent decades. Taken together with demonstrated spatial assortment by dispersal ability occurring on the expanding front, these results point firmly to ongoing evolution as a driving force in the accelerated expansion of toads across northern Australia.
Absence of population‐level phenotype matching in an obligate pollination mutualism
Authors: GODSOE W. , YODER J. B. , SMITH C. I. , DRUMMOND C. S. , PELLMYR O. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCoevolution is thought to promote evolutionary change between demes that ultimately results in speciation. If this is the case, then we should expect to see similar patterns of trait matching and phenotypic divergence between populations and between species in model systems for coevolution. As measures of divergence are frequently only available at one scale (population level or taxon level), this contention is rarely tested directly. Here, we use the case of co‐divergence between different varieties of Joshua tree Yucca brevifolia (Agavaceae) and their obligate pollinators, two yucca moths (Tegeticula spp. Prodoxidae), to test for trait matching between taxa and among populations. Using model selection, we show that there is trait matching between mutualists at the taxon level, but once we account for differences between taxa, there is no indication of trait matching in local populations. This result differs from similar studies in other coevolving systems. We hypothesize that this discrepancy arises because coevolution in obligate mutualisms favours divergence less strongly than coevolution in other systems, such as host–parasite interactions.