bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levothyroxine may not adequately prepare hypothyroid women for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
Authors: Bradbury Rachel A. , Byth Karen , Smith Howard C. 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThyroid axis dysregulation during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) is more pronounced in hypothyroid‐treated women. Whether or not this leads to compromised thyroid hormone levels within the ovarian follicular fluid is not known.AimsTo determine whether ovarian follicular thyroid hormone levels are compromised in adequately replaced hypothyroid women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH), and/or influence cycle/pregnancy outcomes.Materials and MethodsProspective cohort study involving 46 euthyroid (anti‐thyroid peroxidase antibody negative) and 16 levothyroxine‐replaced women with baseline thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) <2.5 mIU/L attending their first COH cycle. Follicular fluid TSH, free triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (T4) were recorded at oocyte pick‐up. Serum levels were measured at: (i) baseline; (ii) human chorionic gonadotropin trigger day; and (iii) cycle conclusion. The number of mature oocytes retrieved, fertilisation, early pregnancy loss and live birth rates were compared.ResultsMedian serum TSH levels were similar at baseline (1.76 vs 1.24 mIU/L, P = 0.053), but free T3 levels were lower (4.5 vs 4.8 pmol/L, P = 0.029) in levothyroxine‐replaced compared to euthyroid women, with serum TSH levels increasing across ovarian stimulation (P = 0.006) into pregnancy testing (P = 0.030). Follicular fluid free T3 levels were lower in levothyroxine‐replaced women (median 4.3 vs 4.6 pmol/L, P = 0.032). Fertilisation rates were lower (52% vs 71%, P = 0.043) in women requiring levothyroxine replacement, but numbers of mature oocytes retrieved, early pregnancy loss and live births did not differ.ConclusionAdequately replaced hypothyroid women achieve lower ovarian follicular fluid free T3 levels and poorer fertilisation rates compared to euthyroid women undergoing COH. Optimising T3 levels may be pivotal in improving COH outcomes in hypothyroid women.
Seeing haemoglobin SC: Challenging the misperceptions
Authors: Segbefia Catherine , Luchtman‐Jones Lori 
Published: June 2024

Historically understudied and regarded as a mild type of sickle cell disease, HbSC can be associated with significant, progressive complications. Prospective studies are urgently needed to address treatment gaps for HbSC disease.Commentary on: Nelson et al. The clinical spectrum of HbSC sickle cell disease‐not a benign condition. Br J Haematol 2024;205:653‐663.
When it comes to research on land management behavior, how are we doing? A systematic review on theory, measurement, and suggestions for improvement
Authors: Winkler‐Schor Sophia , Coon Jaime J. , Sanji Daniel , Barefoot‐Yaeger Martha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith increasing attention to climate change and biodiversity loss, conservation social science research on land management practices is burgeoning. Researchers have broadened their focus from protected areas to diverse types of land management to support conservation and climate mitigation. But, developing effective strategies for these issues requires an in‐depth understanding of both the socio‐psychological factors that guide landholders' decision‐making and global trends in land management practices and literature. To assess the trends and status of land management behavior research, we systematically reviewed research published between 2010 and 2020 in five seminal conservation journals. Of 11,607 articles reviewed, we identified 100 articles about land management behavior. We assessed theoretical groundings, measurement methodology, land‐use terminology and practices, ecosystem type, and geographic distribution. We identified strengths and significant gaps and weaknesses across land management research. For example, 52% of articles made no meaningful connection to theory, only 14% of papers used observed behavioral data, 86% of studies uses non‐experimental methods and researchers disproportionately measured land management behavior in developed nations (66%). We also find that language used to describe land management behavior is very heterogeneous, making it difficult to summarize land management research using traditional systematic review methods. Conducting a limited systematic review can help summarize research and also identify trends across disciplines that might otherwise missed. Results from our limited systematic review can guide future research and support the development of evidence‐based policies to mitigate climate change and biodiversity loss.
Equine cheek tooth repulsion using small diameter repulsion pins: 20 cases
Authors: Kamps Melissa , Barakzai Safia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundReported complication rates after dental repulsion for equine exodontia are high (up to 80%), but repulsion methods have changed notably in the last 20 years.ObjectivesDescribe the outcome for 20 cases after dental repulsion using small diameter repulsion pins.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsRecords of horses that underwent cheek tooth repulsion were reviewed (2014–2023). Inclusion criteria included: mandibular or maxillary cheek tooth extraction where oral extraction failed and repulsion was used to complete extraction, and where clinical follow up information was available. Repulsions were carried out under sedation with a regional nerve block or under a short general anaesthetic, using a small diameter repulsion pin (3–5 mm). Intra‐operative radiographs facilitated instrument placement. The alveolus was packed with polymethyl methacrylate post‐extraction. Horses were re‐examined at 4–6 weeks post‐operatively.ResultsTwenty cases were included. Patients had a mean age of 10.3 years old (range 5–16 years). The majority (75%) of teeth had pre‐existing dental fractures. Maxillary (n = 15) and mandibular cheek teeth (n = 5) were all successfully repulsed, with 16 cases performed with the horse standing and 4 with the horse under general anaesthesia. Intra‐operative complications included damage to the mandibular bone (n = 1). Short‐term complications (n = 2) included superficial surgical site infection, and dehiscence of one sinus flap. Long‐term complications included the recurrence of sinusitis (n = 1) and small intra‐alveolar fragments causing persistent bitting problems in another patient.Main limitationsRetrospective study design, small number of cases.ConclusionsWhen oral extraction fails, cheek tooth repulsion using small diameter repulsion pins is an effective extraction technique. The total intra‐ and post‐operative complication rate was 25%, which is comparable to previously published complication rates for repulsion using Steinmann pins and also those encountered after trans‐buccal screw extraction.
Institutionalized governance on organizations via norm‐based policy instrument: Evidence from cleaner production in China
Authors: Zhu Junming , Du Zhen , Ge Zhangming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRegulating organizations to align their private interests with public interests is important, especially for collective action problems in climate and sustainability governance. Whereas these issues are not satisfactorily addressed by conventional regulations, norms are envisioned as a promising alternative. But norm‐based policy instruments are not well understood regarding their scalable effects on substantive organizational actions, given the presence of other regulations. We advance a conceptual framework, accounting for norm‐based interventions' potential effects on organizational actions and their differences from conventional regulations in institutionalized governance. Based on the setting of cleaner production (CP) in China and an event study strategy, we provide empirical evidence consistent with the framework: non‐regulatory, norm‐based interventions led to nation‐wide, significant improvement in plant‐level CP; the effects were stronger via network‐based diffusion and local internalization, weakened by extrinsic motivation from regulations, and associated with managerial conformity, not innovation. We estimate substantive benefits of norms in public goods provision, with the amount of water saved equivalent to the consumption of a water‐scarce province in China. Our findings provide consistent explanations for norm‐based instruments in real governance settings, showing them as a complement to other policies in shaping organizations and guiding proactive transitions to address global challenges.
ChatGPT, can you take my job interview? Examining artificial intelligence cheating in the asynchronous video interview
Authors: Canagasuriam Damian , Lukacik Eden‐Raye 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, such as Chat Generative Pre‐trained Transformer (ChatGPT), may threaten the validity of selection processes. This study provides the first examination of how AI cheating in the asynchronous video interview (AVI) may impact interview performance and applicant reactions. In a preregistered experiment, Prolific respondents (N = 245) completed an AVI after being randomly assigned to a non‐ChatGPT, ChatGPT‐Verbatim (read AI‐generated responses word‐for‐word), or ChatGPT‐Personalized condition (provided their résumé/contextual instructions to ChatGPT and modified the AI‐generated responses). The ChatGPT conditions received considerably higher scores on overall performance and content than the non‐ChatGPT condition. However, response delivery ratings did not differ between conditions and the ChatGPT conditions received lower honesty ratings. Both ChatGPT conditions rated the AVI as lower on procedural justice than the non‐ChatGPT condition.
Diminished levels of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 may be a risk factor for peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Zhong Jingyi , Lin Xiaopu , Zheng Xiaobin , Zhou Yanting , Huang Haishan , Xu Lingling 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionTo investigate risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and to explore the connection between insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and DPN in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsA total of 790 patients with type 2 diabetes participated in a cross‐sectional study, divided into two groups: those with DPN (DPN) and those without DPN (non‐DPN). Blood samples were taken to measure IGF‐1 levels and other biochemical markers. Participants underwent nerve conduction studies and quantitative sensory testing.ResultsPatients with DPN exhibited significantly lower levels of IGF‐1 compared with non‐DPN patients (P < 0.001). IGF‐1 was positively correlated with the average amplitude of both motor (P < 0.05) and sensory nerves (P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with the vibration perception threshold (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between IGF‐1 and nerve conduction velocity (P > 0.05), or the temperature detection threshold (P > 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis identified diabetes duration, HbA1c, and the low levels of IGF‐1 as independent risk factors (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined that at 8 years duration of diabetes, 8.5% (69.4 mmol/mol) HbA1c and 120 ng/mL IGF‐1, the optimal cut‐off points, indicated DPN (P < 0.001).ConclusionsA reduction of IGF‐1 in patients with DPN suggests a potential protective role against axon injury in large fiber nerves of type 2 diabetes patients.
The Guidelines for use and promotion of low sodium salt in China
Authors: Yuan Yifang , Gao Chao , Yin Xuejun , Zhang Xianghui , Ji Yufei , Zheng Xizi , Zhou Qi , Wu Yangfeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimBoth excessive intake of sodium and inadequate intake of potassium are associated with blood pressure elevation and subsequent increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease, which accounts for the largest number of deaths in China and worldwide. Low sodium salt, a mixture of mainly sodium chloride and potassium chloride, has shown its great potential as a promising population strategy for sodium intake reduction through multiple large‐scale, multicenter, randomized controlled trials among populations including patients with cardiovascular disease, individuals with and without hypertension, older and younger adults, and men and women in China and other countries. This Guidelines aims to provide expert recommendations for promotion and use of low sodium salt in China, based on the current available scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness, safety, cost‐effectiveness, and acceptability of low sodium salts in various population groups and different application scenarios. The suggestions to key stakeholders are also made.MethodsA working group, an expert review committee and an advisory committee were established to be responsible for formulating the guidelines’ scope and key questions to be addressed, for searching, synthesizing, and evaluating research evidence, proposing and reviewing the recommendations. The consensus on the final recommendations was reached using the GRADE grid method.ResultsThe working group summarized current available evidence of salt substitution regarding its effectiveness, safety, cost‐effectiveness, acceptability, availability, suitability, etc. The Guidelines provided six recommendations advising different populations how to use low sodium salt, four recommendations on the application of low sodium salts in different scenarios, and five suggestions for key stakeholders to promote salt substitution.ConclusionThe first evidence‐based guidelines on promotion and use of low sodium salts covers all key questions in relevance and would play a critical role in prevention and control of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in China and worldwide.
Insights into the diet and feeding behavior of immature polar cod (Boreogadus saida) from the under‐ice habitat of the central Arctic Ocean
Authors: Schaafsma Fokje L. , Flores Hauke , David Carmen L. , Castellani Giulia , Sakinan Serdar , Meijboom André , Niehoff Barbara , Cornils Astrid , Hildebrandt Nicole , Schmidt Katrin , Snoeijs‐Leijonmalm Pauline , Ehrlich Julia , Ashjian Carin J. ,   the MOSAiC team ECO
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolar cod (Boreogadus saida) is an endemic key species of the Arctic Ocean ecosystem. The ecology of this forage fish is well studied in Arctic shelf habitats where a large part of its population lives. However, knowledge about its ecology in the central Arctic Ocean (CAO), including its use of the sea‐ice habitat, is hitherto very limited. To increase this knowledge, samples were collected at the under‐ice surface during several expeditions to the CAO between 2012 and 2020, including the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. The diet of immature B. saida and the taxonomic composition of their potential prey were analysed, showing that both sympagic and pelagic species were important prey items. Stomach contents included expected prey such as copepods and amphipods. Surprisingly, more rarely observed prey such as appendicularians, chaetognaths, and euphausiids were also found to be important. Comparisons of the fish stomach contents with prey distribution data suggests opportunistic feeding. However, relative prey density and catchability are important factors that determine which type of prey is ingested. Prey that ensures limited energy expenditure on hunting and feeding is often found in the stomach contents even though it is not the dominant species present in the environment. To investigate the importance of prey quality and quantity for the growth of B. saida in this area, we measured energy content of dominant prey species and used a bioenergetic model to quantify the effect of variations in diet on growth rate potential. The modeling results suggest that diet variability was largely explained by stomach fullness and, to a lesser degree, the energetic content of the prey. Our results suggest that under climate change, immature B. saida may be at least equally sensitive to a loss in the number of efficiently hunted prey than to a reduction in the prey's energy content. Consequences for the growth and survival of B. saida will not depend on prey presence alone, but also on prey catchability, digestibility, and energy content.
Mother's perception of early introduction of complementary feeding affecting stunting in Ghana: A qualitative research
Authors: Ikemi Ayame , Horiuchi Shigeko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to explore mothers' perceptions for timely introduction of complementary feeding through interviews with 2–12‐month‐old infants' mothers in Ghana.MethodsQualitative descriptive research with 16 semi‐structured interviews with mothers attending the Child Welfare Clinic at Ejisu Hospital was conducted from June 2022 to May 2023. The study was guided by the Declaration of Helsinki, and all participants were instructed about informed consent for the study. Interviews and analysis were guided by Theory of Planned Behavior. NVivo 1.5 was used throughout the coding procedure. This study was conducted after the approval from St. Luke's International University.ResultsFour themes were revealed: (1) attitude toward the behavior based on the mothers' experience raising children, (2) attitude toward the behavior influenced by subjective norm (grandmothers' recommendation), (3) attitude toward the behavior influenced by perceived behavioral control (difficulty in continuing breastfeeding), and (4) mothers who are worried about underweight despite timely introduction of complementary feeding. Attitudes toward the behavior were influenced by mothers' experiences raising children and grandmothers' recommendations. Surroundings disruptive of breastfeeding also influenced attitudes toward intentions and behavior. Moreover, some mothers suffered from underweight even if they introduce complementary feeding at an optimal time.ConclusionSupporting to continue breastfeeding and conducting re‐education for grandmothers is a key recommendation for midwives and pediatric nurses. Moreover, pediatric nurses are required to further enhance not only health education regarding the timing of initiating complementary feeding but also support after the introduction.
Development of an evidence‐based nursing practice program for preventing unplanned endotracheal extubations in the intensive care unit: A Delphi method study
Authors: Wu Jinhua , Xiao Zewei , Chen Suiping , Huang Baiwen , Han Suqin , Huang Haixing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aims to develop an evidence‐based nursing practice program to prevent unplanned endotracheal extubation (UEE) among adult patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).DesignThis study uses the Delphi method to develop an evidence‐based nursing practice program.MethodsA comprehensive review of 18 databases and evidence‐based websites was conducted to gather, assess and synthesize evidence on preventing UEEs in adult patients. Using this synthesized evidence, a questionnaire was formulated for further investigation. Subsequently, input was solicited from experts through Delphi surveys to establish an evidence‐based nursing practice protocol for preventing UEEs in adult ICU patients. Consistency in consultation results guided subsequent rounds of consultation.ResultsThe developed program comprised 43 evidence items categorized into nine dimensions, including risk assessment for unplanned extubation, sedation, analgesia, delirium, balloon management, psychosocial care, early extubation, catheter immobilization and protective restraints. Two rounds of expert inquiry yielded recovery rates of 94.7% and 100% for the first and second questionnaires, respectively. Kendall W values ranged from .224 to .353 (p < .001).ConclusionThis study developed an evidence‐based nursing practice program to prevent UEE in adult ICU patients, employing evidence‐based practices and Delphi expert consultation methods. However, further validation of the program's effectiveness is warranted.Reporting MethodFindings were reported according to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNurses contributed to the study by participating in investigations.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareThe program developed in this study offers an evidence‐based framework for preventing unplanned extubation in hospitals, thereby reducing its incidence and enhancing the quality of nursing care.
Exploring the relationships between criminal self‐efficacy factors and recidivism
Authors: Ung Jamie , Lloyd Caleb D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeCriminal self‐efficacy, an antisocial belief representing positive appraisal of one's capabilities to enact crime, is theorized to drive criminal behaviour, but few measures exist. Our aim was to re‐validate one measure of criminal self‐efficacy by re‐testing its ability to predict recidivism.MethodsWe used Criminal Self‐efficacy Scale‐15 scores from 353 people on community corrections orders measured up to three times.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis revealed three latent factors we called criminal connections, physical violence, and criminal expertise. Cox regression survival analysis demonstrated that only physical violence scores predicted recidivism.ConclusionsThe three factors provide a meaningful conceptual basis for future attempts to develop measures of criminal self‐efficacy that improve on the limitations of current measures. More broadly, there is a need to understand how specific antisocial beliefs such as criminal self‐efficacy are related to criminal behaviour.
Migratory contingents of brown trout reveal variable exposure to anthropogenic threats along a fjord‐river continuum
Authors: Lennox Robert J. , Hanssen Erlend M. , Normann Eirik Straume , Barlaup Bjørn T. , Nilsen Cecilie I. , Dahlmo Lotte S. , Berhe Saron , Vollset Knut Wiik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBrown trout is a partially migratory salmonid that makes use of diverse habitats to maximise growth and fitness. One of the most substantial threats to brown trout is infection with pathogens from open net‐pen fish farming, which creates hotspots for pathogen reproduction and transmission. Western Norway is a global hotspot for both fish farming and wild salmonids, which generates conflicts due to the impacts of the farms on the behaviour, survival, and fitness of salmonids that overlap with farming activities. In this study, we tagged adult brown trout (>35 cm) at two spatiotemporal intervals that corresponded to two different life history stages: springtime in the river when trout were completing overwintering and summer in the fjord when trout were in their marine feeding phase. The tagging revealed three different behaviours, fish that remained in freshwater, fish that migrated between freshwater and the fjord, and fish that remained in the estuary. Although some trout moved >100 km to the outer fjord areas, most trout remained relatively close to the river. Depth sensor transmitters in a subset of trout also revealed that the trout remained in the upper water column. Most of the horizontal and vertical movements therefore resulted in spatial overlap with fish farming for the migratory trout, but not for resident trout that remained in the estuary or in freshwater. Findings reveal the challenges of managing a fish with such behavioural plasticity but the urgency of recognising how important inner fjord habitats are for migratory brown trout.