bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microglial responses around intrinsic CNS neurons are correlated with axonal regeneration
Authors: Shokouhi Bahman N , Wong Bernadette ZY , Siddiqui Samir , Lieberman A Robert , Campbell Gregor , Tohyama Koujiro , Anderson Patrick N 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
Microglia/macrophages and lymphocytes (T-cells) accumulate around motor and primary sensory neurons that are regenerating axons but there is little or no microglial activation or T-cell accumulation around axotomised intrinsic CNS neurons, which do not normally regenerate axons. We aimed to establish whether there was an inflammatory response around the perikarya of CNS neurons that were induced to regenerate axons through a peripheral nerve graft.

Results
When neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and red nucleus were induced to regenerate axons along peripheral nerve grafts, a marked microglial response was found around their cell bodies, including the partial enwrapping of some regenerating neurons. T-cells were found amongst regenerating TRN neurons but not rubrospinal neurons. Axotomy alone or insertion of freeze-killed nerve grafts did not induce a similar perineuronal inflammation. Nerve grafts in the corticospinal tracts did not induce axonal regeneration or a microglial or T-cell response in the motor cortex.

Conclusions
These results strengthen the evidence that perineuronal microglial accumulation (but not T-cell accumulation) is involved in axonal regeneration by intrinsic CNS and other neurons.
Long noncoding RNAs in neuronal-glial fate specification and oligodendrocyte lineage maturation
Authors: Mercer Tim R , Qureshi Irfan A , Gokhan Solen , Dinger Marcel E , Li Guangyu , Mattick John S , Mehler Mark F 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
Long non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of cellular differentiation and are widely expressed in the brain.

Results
Here we show that many long ncRNAs exhibit dynamic expression patterns during neuronal and oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage specification, neuronal-glial fate transitions, and progressive stages of OL lineage elaboration including myelination. Consideration of the genomic context of these dynamically regulated ncRNAs showed they were part of complex transcriptional loci that encompass key neural developmental protein-coding genes, with which they exhibit concordant expression profiles as indicated by both microarray and in situ hybridization analyses. These included ncRNAs associated with differentiation-specific nuclear subdomains such as Gomafu and Neat1, and ncRNAs associated with developmental enhancers and genes encoding important transcription factors and homeotic proteins. We also observed changes in ncRNA expression profiles in response to treatment with trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor that prevents the progression of OL progenitors into post-mitotic OLs by altering lineage-specific gene expression programs.

Conclusion
This is the first report of long ncRNA expression in neuronal and glial cell differentiation and of the modulation of ncRNA expression by modification of chromatin architecture. These observations explicitly link ncRNA dynamics to neural stem cell fate decisions, specification and epigenetic reprogramming and may have important implications for understanding and treating neuropsychiatric diseases.
IκBα polymorphism at promoter region (rs2233408) influences the susceptibility of gastric cancer in Chinese
Authors: Wang Shiyan , Tian Linwei , Zeng Zhirong , Zhang Mingdong , Wu Kaichun , Chen Minhu , Fan Daiming , Hu Pinjin , Sung Joseph JY , Yu Jun 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
Nuclear factor of kappa B inhibitor alpha (IκBα) protein is implicated in regulating a variety of cellular process from inflammation to tumorigenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of rs2233408 T/C genotype in the promoter region of IκBα to gastric cancer and the association of this polymorphism with clinicopathologic variables in gastric cancer patients.

Methods
A population-based case-control study was conducted between 1999 and 2006 in Guangdong Province, China. A total of 564 gastric cancer patients and 566 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. rs2233408 genotypes in IκBα were analyzed by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay.

Results
Both rs2233408 T homozygote (TT) and T heterozygotes (TC and TT) had significantly reduced gastric cancer risk (TT: OR = 0.250, 95% CI = 0.069-0.909, P = 0.035; TC and TT: OR = 0.721, 95% CI = 0.530-0.981, P = 0.037), compared with rs2233408 C homozygote (CC). rs2233408 T heterozygotes were significantly associated with reduced risk of intestinal-type gastric cancer with ORs of 0.648 (95% CI = 0.459-0.916, P = 0.014), but not with the diffuse or mix type of gastric cancer. The association between rs2233408 T heterozygotes and gastric cancer appeared more apparent in the older patients (age>40) (OR = 0.674, 95% CI = 0.484-0.939, P = 0.02). rs2233408 T heterozygotes was associated with non-cardiac gastric cancer (OR = 0.594, 95% CI = 0.411-0.859, P = 0.006), but not with cardiac gastric cancer. However, rs2233408 polymorphism was not associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

Conclusions

IκBα rs2233408 T heterozygotes were associated with reduced risk of gastric cancer, especially for the development of certain subtypes of gastric cancer in Chinese population.
Caspase 8 and maspin are downregulated in breast cancer cells due to CpG site promoter methylation
Authors: Wu Yanyuan , Alvarez Monica , Slamon Dennis J , Koeffler Phillip , Vadgama Jaydutt V 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
Epigenetic changes associated with promoter DNA methylation results in silencing of several tumor suppressor genes that lead to increased risk for tumor formation and for progression of the cancer.

Methods
Methylation specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite sequencing were used for determination of proapoptotic gene Caspase 8 (CASP8) and the tumor suppressor gene maspin promoter methylation in four breast cancer and two non-tumorigenic breast cell lines. Involvement of histone H3 methylation in those cell lines were examined by CHIP assay.

Results
The CpG sites in the promoter region of CASP8 and maspin were methylated in all four breast cancer cell lines but not in two non-tumorigenic breast cell lines. Demethylation agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dc) selectively inhibits DNA methyltransferases, DNMT3a and DNMT3b, and restored CASP8 and maspin gene expression in breast cancer cells. 5-aza-dc also reduced histone H3k9me2 occupancy on CASP8 promoter in SKBR3cells, but not in MCF-7 cells. Combination of histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) and 5-aza-dc significant decrease in nuclear expression of Di-methyl histone H3-Lys27 and slight increase in acetyl histone H3-Lys9 in MCF-7 cells. CASP8 mRNA and protein level in MCF-7 cells were increased by the 5-aza-dc in combination with TSA. Data from our study also demonstrated that treatment with 5-FU caused a significant increase in unmethylated CASP8 and in CASP8 mRNA in all 3 cancer lines.

Conclusions
CASP8 and maspin expression were reduced in breast cancer cells due to promoter methylation. Selective application of demethylating agents could offer novel therapeutic opportunities in breast cancer.
Optimised electroporation mediated DNA vaccination for treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: Ahmad Sarfraz , Casey Garrett , Sweeney Paul , Tangney Mark , O'Sullivan Gerald C 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundImmunological therapies enhance the ability of the immune system to recognise and destroy cancer cells via selective killing mechanisms. DNA vaccines have potential to activate the immune system against specific antigens, with accompanying potent immunological adjuvant effects from unmethylated CpG motifs as on prokaryotic DNA. We investigated an electroporation driven plasmid DNA vaccination strategy in animal models for treatment of prostate cancer.MethodsPlasmid expressing humanPSAgene (phPSA) was deliveredin vivoby intra-muscular electroporation, to induce effective anti-tumour immune responses against prostate antigen expressing tumours. Groups of male C57 BL/6 mice received intra-muscular injections of phPSA plasmid. For phPSA delivery, quadriceps muscle was injected with 50 μg plasmid. After 80 seconds, square-wave pulses were administered in sequence using a custom designed pulse generator and acustom-designed applicator with 2 needles placed through the skin central to the muscle. To determine an optimum treatment regimen, three different vaccination schedules were investigated. In a separate experiment, the immune potential of the phPSA vaccine was further enhanced with co- administration of synthetic CpG rich oligonucleotides. One week after last vaccination, the mice were challenged subcutaneously with TRAMPC1/hPSA (prostate cancer cell line stably expressing humanPSA) and tumour growth was monitored. Serum from animals was examined by ELISA for anti-hPSA antibodies and for IFNγ. Histological assessment of the tumours was also carried out.In vivoandin vitrocytotoxicity assays were performed with splenocytes from treated mice.ResultsThe phPSA vaccine therapy significantly delayed the appearance of tumours and resulted in prolonged survival of the animals. Four-dose vaccination regimen provided optimal immunological effects. Co - administration of the synthetic CpG with phPSA increased anti-tumour responses, preventing tumour occurrence in 54% of treated animals. Vaccination with phPSA resulted in anti-hPSA Abs production and a significant production of IFNγ was observed in immunised animals (p < 0.05). Immune responses were tumour specific and were transferable in adoptive T cell transfer experiments.ConclusionsThis phPSA plasmid electroporation vaccination strategy can effectively activate tumour specific immune responses. Optimisation of the approach indicated that a four-dose regimen provided highest tumour protection.In vivoelectroporation mediated vaccination is a safe and effective modality for the treatment of prostate cancer and has a potential to be used as a neo-adjuvant or adjuvant therapy.
Perception of urge-to-cough and dyspnea in healthy smokers with decreased cough reflex sensitivity
Authors: Kanezaki Masashi , Ebihara Satoru , Nikkuni Etsuhiro , Gui Peijun , Suda Chihiro , Ebihara Takae , Yamasaki Miyako , Kohzuki Masahiro 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundAlthough cigarette smoking has been implicated as an important risk factor for the development of respiratory symptoms, the perceptional aspects of two symptoms in smokers have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we simultaneously evaluated the cough reflex sensitivity, the cognition of urge-to-cough and perception of dyspnea in both healthy smokers and non-smokers.MethodsFourteen male healthy never-smokers and 14 age-matched male healthy current-smokers were recruited via public postings. The cough reflex sensitivity and the urge-to-cough were evaluated by the inhalation of citric acid. The perception of dyspnea was evaluated by Borg scores during applications of external inspiratory resistive loads.ResultsThe cough reflex threshold to citric acid, as expressed by the lowest concentration of citric acid that elicited two or more coughs (C2) and the lowest concentration of citric acid that elicited five or more coughs (C5) in smokers was significantly higher than in non-smokers. The urge-to-cough log-log slope in smokers was significantly milder than that of non-smokers. There were no significant differences in the urge-to-cough threshold between non-smokers and smokers. There were no significant differences in perceptions of dyspnea between non-smokers and smokers.ConclusionsThe study showed that decreased cough reflex sensitivity in healthy smokers was accompanied by a decreased cognition of urge-to-cough whereas it was not accompanied by the alternation of perception of dyspnea. Physicians should pay attention to the perceptual alterations of cough in smokers.
CyberKnife radiosurgery for inoperable stage IA non-small cell lung cancer: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography serial tumor response assessment
Authors: Vahdat Saloomeh , Oermann Eric K , Collins Sean P , Yu Xia , Abedalthagafi Malak , DeBrito Pedro , Suy Simeng , Yousefi Shadi , Gutierrez Constanza J , Chang Thomas , Banovac Filip , Anderson Eric D , Esposito Giuseppe , Collins Brian T 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Objective
To report serial 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) tumor response following CyberKnife radiosurgery for stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
Patients with biopsy-proven inoperable stage IA NSCLC were enrolled into this IRB-approved study. Targeting was based on 3-5 gold fiducial markers implanted in or near tumors. Gross tumor volumes (GTVs) were contoured using lung windows; margins were expanded by 5 mm to establish the planning treatment volumes (PTVs). Doses ranged from 42-60 Gy in 3 equal fractions. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed prior to and at 3-6-month, 9-15 months and 18-24 months following treatment. The tumor maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was recorded for each time point.

Results
Twenty patients with an average maximum tumor diameter of 2.2 cm were treated over a 3-year period. A mean dose of 51 Gy was delivered to the PTV in 3 to 11 days (mean, 7 days). The 30-Gy isodose contour extended an average of 2 cm from the GTV. At a median follow-up of 43 months, the 2-year Kaplan-Meier overall survival estimate was 90% and the local control estimate was 95%. Mean tumor SUVmax before treatment was 6.2 (range, 2.0 to 10.7). During early follow-up the mean tumor SUVmax remained at 2.3 (range, 1.0 to 5.7), despite transient elevations in individual tumor SUVmax levels attributed to peritumoral radiation-induced pneumonitis visible on CT imaging. At 18-24 months the mean tumor SUVmax for controlled tumors was 2.0, with
a narrow range of values (range, 1.5 to 2.8). A single local failure was confirmed at 24 months in a patient with an elevated tumor SUVmax of 8.4.

Conclusion
Local control and survival following CyberKnife radiosurgery for stage IA NSCLC is exceptional. Early transient increases in tumor SUVmax are likely related to radiation-induced pneumonitis. Tumor SUVmaxvalues return to background levels at 18-24 months, enhancing 18F-FDG PET/CT detection of local failure. The value of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for surveillance following lung SBRT deserves further study.
A scalable, fully automated process for construction of sequence-ready barcoded libraries for 454
Authors: Lennon Niall J , Lintner Robert E , Anderson Scott , Alvarez Pablo , Barry Andrew , Brockman William , Daza Riza , Erlich Rachel L , Giannoukos Georgia , Green Lisa , Hollinger Andrew , Hoover Cindi A , Jaffe David B , Juhn Frank , McCarthy Danielle , Perrin Danielle , Ponchner Karen , Powers Taryn L , Rizzolo Kamran , Robbins Dana , Ryan Elizabeth , Russ Carsten , Sparrow Todd , Stalker John , Steelman Scott , Weiand Michael , Zimmer Andrew , Henn Matthew R , Nusbaum Chad , Nicol Robert 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe present an automated, high throughput library construction process for 454 technology. Sample handling errors and cross-contamination are minimized via end-to-end barcoding of plasticware, along with molecular DNA barcoding of constructs. Automation-friendly magnetic bead-based size selection and cleanup steps have been devised, eliminating major bottlenecks and significant sources of error. Using this methodology, one technician can create 96 sequence-ready 454 libraries in 2 days, a dramatic improvement over the standard method.
Tetraiodothyroacetic Acid (Tetrac) and Nanoparticulate Tetrac Arrest Growth of Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: Yalcin M. , Dyskin E. , Lansing L. , Bharali D. J. , Mousa S. S. , Bridoux A. , Hercbergs A. H. , Lin H. Y. , Davis F. B. , Glinsky G. V. , Glinskii A. , Ma J. , Davis P. J. , Mousa S. A. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Context: Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) blocks angiogenic and tumor cell proliferation actions of thyroid hormone initiated at the cell surface hormone receptor on integrin αvβ3. Tetrac also inhibits angiogenesis initiated by vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor.
Objective: We tested antiangiogenic and antiproliferative efficacy of tetrac and tetrac nanoparticles (tetrac NP) against human medullary thyroid carcinoma (h-MTC) implants in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and h-MTC xenografts in the nude mouse.
Design: h-MTC cells were implanted in the CAM model (n = 8 per group); effects of tetrac and tetrac NP at 1 μg/CAM were determined on tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth after 8 d. h-MTC cells were also implanted sc in nude mice (n = 6 animals per group), and actions on established tumor growth of unmodified tetrac and tetrac NP ip were determined.
Results: In the CAM, tetrac and tetrac NP inhibited tumor growth and tumor-associated angiogenesis. In the nude mouse xenograft model, established 450–500 mm3 h-MTC tumors were reduced in size over 21 d by both tetrac formulations to less than the initial cell mass (100 mm3). Tumor tissue hemoglobin content of xenografts decreased by 66% over the course of administration of each drug. RNA microarray and quantitative real-time PCR of tumor cell mRNAs revealed that both tetrac formulations significantly induced antiangiogenic thrombospondin 1 and apoptosis activator gene expression.
Conclusions: Acting via a cell surface receptor, tetrac and tetrac NP inhibit growth of h-MTC cells and associated angiogenesis in CAM and mouse xenograft models.
Identification of a Second Kindred with Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Type 3 (FHH3) Narrows Localization to a &lt;3.5 Megabase Pair Region on Chromosome 19q13.3
Authors: Nesbit M. Andrew , Hannan Fadil M. , Graham Una , Whyte Michael P. , Morrison Patrick J. , Hunter Steven J. , Thakker Rajesh V. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Context: Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is a genetically heterogenous disorder that consists of three defined types, FHH1, FHH2, and FHH3 whose chromosomal locations are 3q21.1, 19p, and 19q13, respectively. FHH1, caused by mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), occurs in more than 65% of patients, whereas the abnormalities underlying FHH2 and FHH3, which have each been described in single North American kindreds, are unknown.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the basis of FHH in a proband, who did not have CASR mutations, and her kindred.
Patients and Methods: The proband was a 43-yr-old woman who presented with a corrected serum calcium of 2.74 mmol/liter (normal = 2.15–2.55 mmol/liter), a serum PTH of 47 pg/ml (normal = 10–65 pg/ml), and a urinary calcium clearance:creatinine clearance of 0.006. She did not have a CASR mutation within the coding region and splice sites, and 24 members from three generations of her kindred were ascertained and investigated for serum abnormalities and cosegregation with polymorphic loci from chromosomes 3q21.1 and 19q13 using leukocyte DNA.
Results: Sixteen members were hypercalcemic with normal or elevated serum PTH concentrations and mild hypophosphatemia, features consistent with FHH3. Use of microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphic loci from chromosome 19q13.3 demonstrated cosegregation with FHH in the kindred, with a peak LOD score = 5.98 at 0% recombination with D19S412. Analysis of recombinants mapped FHH to a 3.46-Mbp interval flanked centromerically by single nucleotide polymorphism rs1990932 and telomerically by D19S604.
Conclusions: FHH3 may explain the calcium homeostasis disorder in those FHH patients who do not have CASR mutations.
Highly Efficient Green Phosphorescent OLED Based on Pyridine-containing Starburst Electron-transporting Materials
Authors: Li Yan-Jun , Sasabe Hisahiro , Su Shi-Jian , Tanaka Daisaku , Takeda Takashi , Pu Yong-Jin , Kido Junji 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Starburst materials, 1,3,5-tris[3,5-bis(pyrid-4-yl)phenyl]benzene (1a) and 1,3,5-tris[3,5-bis(pyrid-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (1b) were designed and synthesized. By using fac-tris(2-phenylpyridyl)iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)3] as a green emitter and 1 as an electron-transporting material, a green OLED was fabricated. The OLED exhibited a maximum power efficiency (PE) of 96 lm W−1 with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23% at 2.1 cd m−2, and a PE of 75 lm W−1 with an EQE of 23% at 100 cd m−2.
Derivation of Initial Rate Equations for Low-temperature Water Gas Shift Reaction over Pt–Re/ZrO2 Catalysts
Authors: Iida Hajime , Yamamoto Takumi , Inagaki Masaru , Igarashi Akira 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The effect of the partial pressure of CO and H2O on the initial reaction rate of LT-WGS over a Pt–Re/ZrO2 catalyst with superior catalytic activity was evaluated. As a result, the reaction order was approximately zero with respect to CO and ca. 0.6 with respect to H2O, which indicates that CO is strongly adsorbed onto the catalyst surface in contrast to H2O. The theoretical rate equation was derived from the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) mechanism and was in good agreement with the experimental data.
Untersuchungen an magnetostriktiven MikroaktorenAnalysis of Magnetostrictive Microactuators
Authors: Albach Thorsten , Sutor Alexander , Lerch Reinhard 
Published: February 2010

Zusammenfassung
Der magnetostriktive Wandlungseffekt eröffnet neue Wege, Aktoren für Mikrosysteme (MEMS) herzustellen. Speziell die auf dem Prinzip des monomorphen Biegebalkens basierenden magnetostriktiven Mikroaktoren bieten interessante Anwendungsfelder. Diese Aktoren werden unter Einfluss äußerer Magnetfelder zu Biegung und Schwingung angeregt. Es werden Berechnungsmethoden, Herstellungsprozess und Messtechnik vorgestellt, um die Entwicklung von Mikrosystemen basierend auf derartigen Mikroaktoren zu ermöglichen. Der Fokus der Untersuchungen liegt auf den mechanischen Eigenfrequenzen sowie den magnetostriktiven Kennlinien der Aktoren. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse lassen sich die gewählten Berechnungsmethoden sowie die Reproduzierbarkeit des Herstellungsprozesses verifizieren und lineare Arbeitsbereiche definieren.
Messtechnische Eigenschaften von Dehnungssensoren aus Kohlenstoff-Filamentgarn in einem VerbundwerkstoffMeasuring Performance of Carbon Filament Yarn Strain Sensors Embedded in a Composite
Authors: Kunadt Andreas , Starke Eric , Pfeifer Günther , Cherif Chokri 
Published: February 2010

Zusammenfassung
Mit in Verbundwerkstoffen eingebettetem Kohlenstoff-Filamentgarn können mittlere Dehnungen großer Messflächen erfasst werden. Zur Abschätzung der messtechnischen Praxistauglichkeit wurden in einen Glasfaser-Polypropylen-Verbundwerkstoff integrierte Kohlenstoff-Filamentgarn-Dehnungssensoren hinsichtlich der erreichbaren Messgenauigkeit bei Kurzzeitmessungen (maximal 15 Minuten Messzeit) untersucht. Anhand vergleichender Dehnungsmessungen mit Metallfolien-Dehnungsmessstreifen wurden der Übertragungsfaktor, der Linearitäts-, Hysterese- und Kriechfehler sowie die Wiederholbarkeit bestimmt. Die Einflüsse des Verbundwerkstoffes und der Temperatur wurden ebenso untersucht wie verschiedene Technologien zur elektrischen Kontaktierung von Kohlenstoff-Filamentgarn.
Optofluidische Komponenten in der FlüssigkeitssensorikOptofluidic Elements in Liquid-based Sensor Systems
Authors: Rosenauer Michael , Weber Emanuel , Stampfl Jürgen , Vellekoop Michael J. 
Published: February 2010

Zusammenfassung
In der biotechnologischen Flüssigkeitssensorik spielen adaptive optische Systeme zur Anregung und Detektion von Lumineszenzsignalen eine wichtige Rolle. Diese Arbeit untersucht zwei Typen von optofluidischen Elementen, welche sowohl den Funktionsumfang als auch die Sensitivität sogenannter “Lab-on-a-chips” erhöhen können. Im ersten Teil wird eine hydrodynamisch verformbare Flüssigkeitslinse mit dreidimensionaler Fokusveränderbarkeit auf Basis einer mikrofluidischen Kanalstruktur diskutiert. Das zweite Sensorsystem beinhaltet einen adaptierbaren Flüssigkeitslichtleiter. Die Prototypen wurden in einem transparenten Photopolymer mit Mikro-Stereolithographie gefertigt.