bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commentaries on ‘One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven sepsis in neonates’
Authors: Hoff David S. , Batra Maneesh , Darmstadt Gary L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThese are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Rao SC, Srinivasjois R, Hagan R, Ahmed M. One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven sepsis in neonates. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 1. Art.No.: CD005091. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD005091.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Polysaccharide vaccines for preventing serogroup A meningococcal meningitis’
Authors: LaForce F. Marc 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Patel M, Lee CK. Polysaccharide vaccines for preventing serogroup A meningococcal meningitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD001093. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD001093.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants’
Authors: Canadian Editorial Office Evidence‐Based Child Health 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Bell EF, Acarregui MJ. Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD000503. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD000503.pub2. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants’
Authors: Bhatia Jatinder , Mathew Oommen P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Bell EF, Acarregui MJ. Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD000503. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD000503.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Summary of ‘Dietary marine fatty acids (fish oil) for asthma in adults and children’
Authors: Canadian Editorial Office Evidence‐Based Child Health 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Thien FCK, De Luca S, Woods RK, Abramson MJ. Dietary marine fatty acids (fish oil) for asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001283. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858. CD001283. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Dietary marine fatty acids (fish oil) for asthma in adults and children’
Authors: Reisman Joseph 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Thien FCK, De Luca S, Woods RK, Abramson MJ. Dietary marine fatty acids (fish oil) for asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD001283. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858. CD001283.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Comparison of estimated and experimental subaqueous seed transport
Authors: Markwith Scott H. , Leigh David S. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWe compare the estimates from the relative bed stability (RBS) equation that indicates incipient bed movement, and the inertial settling (‘Impact’) law and Wu and Wang (2006) settling velocity equations that indicate suspended particle movement, to flume and settling velocity observations to confirm the utility of the equations for subaqueous hydrochory analyses, and to calibrate our estimates by examining the method by which seed volume is obtained. Comparison of the observed measures with the estimates of the inertial settling (‘Impact’) law and RBS equations indicate that these two equations appear to provide reasonable approximations of the velocities required to achieve transport both in suspension and on the bed, respectively. The use of the water displacement method for volume measurement is a technologically simple method for improving the accuracy of the estimates. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Killing of Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus‐infected fibroblasts during latent infection by activated natural killer cells
Authors: Matthews Nick C. , Goodier Martin R. , Robey Rebecca C. , Bower Mark , Gotch Frances M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractKaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) establishes life‐long infection by evading clearance by the host immune system. In de novo infection and lytic replication, KSHV escapes cytotoxic T cells and NK cells through downregulation of MHC class‐I and ICAM‐1 molecules and associated antigens involved in forming and sustaining the immunological synapse. However, the efficacy of such mechanisms in the context of the predominantly latent KSHV infection reported in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesions is unclear. Using primary dermal fibroblasts in a novel in vitro model of chronic latent KSHV infection, we generated target cells with viral loads similar to those in spindle cells extracted from KS lesions. We show that latently KSHV‐infected fibroblasts had normal levels of MHC‐class I, ICAM‐1, HLA‐E and NKG2D ligand expression, were resistant to NK‐cell natural cytotoxicity and were highly susceptible to killing by cytokine‐activated immunocompetent NK cells. KSHV‐infected fibroblasts expressed normal levels of IFN‐γR1 and responded to exogenous IFN‐γ by upregulating MHC class I, ICAM‐1 and HLA‐E and resisting activated NK‐cell killing. These data demonstrate that physiologically relevant levels of latent KSHV infection in primary cells cause limited activation of resting NK cells and confer little specific resistance to control by activated NK cells.
Single‐cell dynamics of mast cell–CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell interactions
Authors: Frossi Barbara , D'Incà Federica , Crivellato Enrico , Sibilano Riccardo , Gri Giorgia , Mongillo Marco , Danelli Luca , Maggi Laura , Pucillo Carlo E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe biological behavior of immune cells is determined by their intrinsic properties and interactions with other cell populations within their microenvironment. Several studies have confirmed the existence of tight spatial interactions between mast cells (MCs) and Tregs in different settings. For instance, we have recently identified the functional cross‐talk between MCs and Tregs, through the OX40L–OX40 axis, as a new mechanism of reciprocal influence. However, there is scant information regarding the single‐cell dynamics of this process. In this study, time‐lapse video microscopy revealed direct interactions between Tregs and MCs in both murine and human cell co‐cultures, resulting in the inhibition of the MC degranulation response. MCs incubated with WT, but not OX40‐deficient, Tregs mediated numerous and long‐lasting interactions and displayed different morphological features lacking the classical signs of exocytosis. MC degranulation and Ca2+ mobilization upon activation were inhibited by Tregs on a single‐cell basis, without affecting overall cytokine secretion. Transmission electron microscopy showed ultrastructural evidence of vesicle‐mediated secretion reconcilable with the morphological pattern of piecemeal degranulation. Our results suggest that MC morphological and functional changes following MC–Treg interactions can be ascribed to cell–cell contact and represent a transversal, non‐species‐specific mechanism of immune response regulation. Further research, looking at the molecular composition of this interaction will broaden our understanding of its contribution to immunity.
Lack of IL‐2 in PPAR‐α‐deficient mice triggers allergic contact dermatitis by affecting regulatory T cells
Authors: Dubrac Sandrine , Elentner Andreas , Schoonjans Kristina , Auwerx Johan , Schmuth Matthias 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe aim of the present work was to decipher the cellular basis of the immunoregulatory role of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐α in cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. After challenge with a contact allergen, we observed augmented hypersensitivity reactions with increased numbers of activated T lymphocytes in the skin of PPAR‐α−/− mice. Furthermore, following antigen challenge, the percentages of Tregs in the blood, draining lymph nodes and skin were decreased in these mice. PPAR‐α deficiency impaired the production of IL‐2 in lymph nodes, whereas TGF‐β levels remained unchanged. Injection of IL‐2 into PPAR‐α−/− mice restored the Treg population in the skin‐draining lymph nodes of allergen‐challenged mice. In vivo induction of Tregs from WT CD4+CD25− T cells was impaired when adoptively transferred into PPAR‐α−/− mice as compared with transfer into WT mice, and reversed by injection of IL‐2 into PPAR‐α−/− mice. Furthermore, the suppressive capacity of PPAR‐α−/− Tregs was impaired when compared to WT Tregs in vitro and in co‐adoptive transfer experiments. Finally, injection of IL‐2 to PPAR‐α−/− mice decreased skin inflammation to a level similar to WT mice. In conclusion, the pro‐inflammatory skin phenotype of PPAR‐α−/− mice is due to lack of IL‐2‐mediated Treg induction in these mice.
Unprecedented B–H Activation Through Pd‐Catalysed B–Cvinyl Bond Coupling on Borane Systems
Authors: Farràs Pau , Olid‐Britos David , Viñas Clara , Teixidor Francesc 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA Pd‐induced cascade B–Cvinyl coupling that produces multiple B–Cvinyl bonds starting from a single B–I bond has been demonstrated. The process is most probably stimulated by the geometrical disposition of the B–H bonds confronting the B–Pd sites, along with the hydride character of the B–H units. Two and one B–Cvinyl couplings on the metallacarborane substrate have been generally obtained, but formation up to six B–Cvinyl bonds has been observed. A theoretical reaction mechanism involving an unprecedented B–H activation is proposed to interpret the multisubstitution process.
Optimization of the Efficiency of Oxidation Catalysts Based on Iron Bispidine Complexes
Authors: Comba Peter , Wadepohl Hubert , Wiesner Sebastian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHigh‐valent bispidine iron‐oxo complexes are among the most efficient nonheme iron oxidation catalysts. Here, we report the synthesis and structural analysis of two derivatives of the known pentadentate bispidine ligand L1 {L1 = 2,4‐pyridyl‐7‐(pyridine‐2‐ylmethyl)‐3,7‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane}: L2 and L3 {L2 = 2,4‐pyridyl‐7‐[1‐(pyridine‐2‐yl)ethyl]‐3,7‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane; L3 = 2,4‐pyridyl‐7‐[phenyl(pyridine‐2‐yl)methyl]‐3,7‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane}, and of their FeII complexes. The yield of the catalytic epoxidation of cyclooctene and styrene with iodosylbenzene as oxidant increases from the L1‐ to the L2‐ to the L3‐based catalyst (e.g., the yield of styrene oxide, with MeCN as solvent, under anaerobic conditions, is 40 %, 90 %, 96 %, respectively), and this is correlated to the FeIII/II reduction potentials {[Fe(L1)(NCMe)]n+ (1.01 V), [Fe(L2)(NCMe)]n+ (1.13 V), and [Fe(L3)(NCMe)]n+ (1.19 V), in MeCN, vs. SCE}. Although this correlation is not unexpected, the interpretation is not entirely trivial, and this is discussed in detail. The rigidity of the bispidine ligands and their preference for relatively large metal ions (low oxidation states, high spin multiplicities) is believed to be responsible for the efficiency of the bispidine‐based catalyst systems, and the present results show possible approaches to further improve the performance of these catalysts.
Regioselectivity in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Insights from Interaction Energy Decomposition Potentials
Authors: Fievez Tim , Pinter Balazs , Geerlings Paul , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , De Proft Frank 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe SEAr reaction was scrutinized using a quantitative, fragment‐based interaction energy decomposition analysis (EDA) as implemented in the ADF program. The interaction energy between monosubstituted benzene derivatives and a model electrophile at the onset of the reaction was studied and decomposed into Pauli repulsion, electrostatic interaction and orbital interaction terms for a plane parallel to the molecular plane. As such experimentally observed selectivity patterns arise in the orbital interaction, stressing again the role of both electrophile and benzene derivative in determining the regioselectivity. Using the HSAB principle and MO theory, the orientation mechanism of the SEAr is further explored.
L‐Phe‐D‐Oxd: A Privileged Scaffold for the Formation of Supramolecular Materials
Authors: Castellucci Nicola , Angelici Gaetano , Falini Giuseppe , Monari Magda , Tomasini Claudia 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSome compounds containing the L‐Phe‐D‐Oxd [L‐Phe = L‐phenylalanine; D‐Oxd = (4R,5S)‐4‐carboxy‐5‐methyl oxazolidin‐2‐one] moiety have been prepared and their properties as supramolecular material have been determined. Some derivatives of the dipeptide L‐Phe‐L‐Phe (which usually forms nanotubes) and some long‐chain derivatives that behave as low‐molecular‐weight gelators have been prepared. We have also replaced the D‐Oxd moiety with a D‐Pro (D‐Pro = D‐proline) moiety to check if the presence of the Oxd moiety was essential for the existence of those materials. In contrast to the D‐Oxd‐containing compounds, no material was ever formed with any of the D‐Pro‐containing molecules. This outcome suggests that the L‐Phe‐D‐Oxd moiety may be defined as a “privileged scaffold” for the formation of supramolecular materials and it can be introduced into more complex structures to induce some selected properties in the solid state.
Biologically Active Macrocyclic Compounds – from Natural Products to Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis
Authors: Madsen Charlotte M. , Clausen Mads H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMacrocyclic compounds are attractive targets when searching for molecules with biological activity. The interest in this compound class is increasing, which has led to a variety of methods for tackling the difficult macrocyclization step in their synthesis. This microreview highlights some recent developments in the synthesis of macrocycles, with an emphasis on chemistry developed to generate libraries of putative biologically active compounds.
Easy One‐Pot Synthesis of Fused Heterocycles from 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienes
Authors: Attanasi Orazio A. , Bianchi Luca , De Crescentini Lucia , Favi Gianfranco , Mantellini Fabio 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA base‐promoted chemoselective synthesis of 6a‐hydroxy‐6,6a‐dihydro‐1H‐thieno[3,4‐b]pyrrole‐3,3a(4H)‐dicarboxylates, 5‐(2‐furylmethyl)‐6a‐hydroxy‐6‐oxo‐4,5,6,6a‐tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyrrole‐3,3a(1H)‐dicarboxylates, and 5‐benzyl‐7a‐hydroxy‐1,4,5,6,7,7a‐hexahydro‐3aH‐pyrrolo[3,2‐c]pyridine‐3,3a‐dicarboxylates starting from diazadienes and heterocycles containing an activated methine group has been developed. This transformations proceeds by Michael addition/5‐exo cyclization sequence.
Removal of monochlorobenzene and perchloroethene in wetland rhizosphere model systems
Authors: Braeckevelt Mareike , Kaestner Matthias , Kuschk Peter 
Published: April 2011

AbstractConstructed wetlands are a promising technology to protect river flood plains against the impact of contaminated groundwater. They are suitable for the treatment of waters contaminated with monochlorobenzene and perchloroethene. However, the removal performance differs with the operation conditions, and generally, transferable performance data are not yet available. In this study, removal efficiencies were determined and the dominant removal processes for monochlorobenzene and perchloroethene were evaluated under various operation conditions in helophyte rhizosphere reactors. Monochlorobenzene removal was very efficient (>99%) under low carbon load (overall oxic) and moderate carbon load (overall reduced) conditions. Higher loads of easily degradable carbon (acetate, 300 mg/L) impaired the elimination of monochlorobenzene (removal of 72−96%). Microbial reductive dechlorination of perchloroethene was not detected in the rhizosphere under low carbon load, sulphate reduction, and high‐carbon load conditions. Nonetheless, considerable amounts of perchloroethene were eliminated (79−87%), presumably by plant uptake and phytovolatilisation. Under fluctuating moderate carbon load conditions, perchloroethene dechlorination was initiated, and trichloroethene and cis‐dichloroethene production showed that a minimum of 10% of the perchloroethene inflow load was dechlorinated. Sulphate reduction and the associated sulphide toxicity showed to constitute a hazard for constructed wetland treatment of sulphate containing groundwater contaminated with chlorinated volatile organic compounds, causing a decrease in removal efficiencies by 50 and 20% for monochlorobenzene and perchloroethene, respectively.
Persistent organic pollutants in blood plasma of satellite-tracked adult male loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)
Authors: Ragland Jared M , Arendt Michael D , Kucklick John R , Keller Jennifer M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Risks from persistent organic pollutants (POPs) remain largely a mystery for threatened loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). The present study examines regional-scale POP differences in blood plasma from adult male C. caretta based on movement patterns. Turtles were captured near Port Canaveral, Florida, USA, in April of 2006 and 2007 and fitted with satellite transmitters as part of a National Marine Fisheries Service–funded project. Residents (n = 9) remained near the capture site, whereas transients (n = 10) migrated northward, becoming established in areas largely from south of Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, to north of Cape May, New Jersey, USA. Blood was sampled from the dorsocervical sinus of each turtle and analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and toxaphenes. Blood plasma concentrations of OCPs and total PBDEs were elevated in transients (p &lt; 0.05) and in some cases were correlated with turtle size. Migratory adults showed an atypical PBDE congener profile relative to other published studies on wildlife, with PBDE 154 being the dominant congener. Additionally, PCB congener patterns differed between groups, with total PCBs slightly elevated in transients. This supports the idea that foraging location can influence exposure to, and patterns of, POPs in highly mobile species such as C. caretta. Understanding patterns of contamination informs wildlife managers about possible health risks to certain subpopulations. The present study is the first to examine POPs in the rarely studied adult male sea turtle and to couple contaminant measurements with satellite tracking. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1549–1556. © 2011 SETAC
Calcium and magnesium enhance arsenate rhizotoxicity and uptake in Triticum aestivum
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhou Dongmei , Weng Nanyan , Wang Dengjun , Peijnenburg Willie J.G.M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Cations such as calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) alleviate toxicities of cationic toxicants and increase those of anionic toxicants such as arsenic (As) present as arsenate under aerobic conditions. Increasing evidence exists that these phenomena are related to the outer surface electrical potential (ψ 0o) of the root cell plasma membrane (PM). Short-term (48-h) nutrient culture experiments with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings investigated Ca and Mg effects on arsenate rhizotoxicity and uptake. Increased Ca and Mg in solution from 0.2 to 3.5 mM equally reduced the negativity of ψ 0o from −45 to −15 mV. This increased arsenate activity at the PM surface from 0.3 to 0.9 µM at the same bulk concentration of 2.0 µM NaH2AsO4 consequently increased arsenate uptake and rhizotoxicity. However, increased Mg was more effective than Ca in enhancing As uptake by roots, especially with the activity of As in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 µM in the bulk medium. This was explained by a modified electrostatic uptake model which indicated a mechanism other than through an effect on ψ 0o. Subcellular fractionation of roots indicated that &gt; 95% of As was associated with cellular debris and heat-stable protein (HSP). The results of the present study show that Ca and Mg reduce the negativity of ψ 0o, increasing arsenate uptake and rhizotoxicity, and suggest that Mg is more efficient than Ca in enhancing the uptake of As due, in large part, to inducing greater As binding by peptides in the HSP fraction. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1642–1648. © 2011 SETAC
Developmental and posthatch effects of in ovo exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PECDF, and 2,3,7,8-TCDF in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), and white leghorn chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) embryos
Authors: Cohen-Barnhouse Andrew M , Zwiernik Matthew J , Link Jane E , Fitzgerald Scott D , Kennedy Sean W , Giesy John P , Wiseman Steve , Jones Paul D , Newsted John L , Kay Denise , Bursian Steven J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An egg injection study was conducted to confirm a proposed model of relative sensitivity of three avian species to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-like chemicals. It was previously reported that the order of species sensitivity to in ovo exposure to TCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF), or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) at doses ranging from 0.044 to 37 picomoles (pmol)/g egg was the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), and Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) based on embryo mortality and hepatic enzyme induction. In the present study, the incidence of developmental deformities, changes in body and relative organ masses, and organ pathology of hatchlings as additional indicators of species sensitivity were assessed; in addition, embryo mortality in the three species was categorized by stage of development. Embryo mortality varied temporally with significant increases generally occurring after organogenesis and just prior to hatching. A significant increase in the percentage of developmental deformities was observed only in Japanese quail exposed to TCDF. Body and relative organ masses of quail, pheasants, and chickens dosed in ovo with TCDD, PeCDF, or TCDF were not consistently affected. Chemical-related pathology occurred only in livers of quail at the greatest doses of each compound. These results indicated that the incidence of developmental deformities, changes in body and relative organ masses and organ pathology could not be used as indicators of species sensitivity or chemical potency. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:1659–1668. © 2011 SETAC