bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0195 Technology for Insomnia in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Lee HyunHae , Reding Kerry , Szewczyk Warren , Tsai Chi-Shan , Ward Teresa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
An estimated 53% of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors report insufficient sleep, which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and reduced quality of life. This study aims to qualitatively explore 1) the experiences of insomnia in AYA cancer survivors; 2) strategies employed to address sleep problems; and 3) potential implementations of technology that could improve sleep quality among AYA cancer survivors.

Methods
Two virtual focus groups were conducted with AYA cancer survivors with current insomnia (n=7) to explore their insomnia experiences, strategies used to address insomnia, and perceptions of technology to promote sleep quality. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis through a hermeneutic philosophical approach.

Results
All participants were female (age range: 28 – 36 years) and had a previous diagnosis of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or lymphoma. The average duration since diagnosis was 1.7 years (range: 1 – 3 years). Three themes were generated: (1) experiences of insomnia, (2) insomnia coping strategies, and (3) ideas for technology to help with sleep. The participants reported difficulties in initiating sleep (71.4 %), maintaining sleep (28.6%), 04and early awakening (57.1%). Insomnia was connected to stress, anxiety, fatigue, and stomach problems. To cope with insomnia, several strategies were employed: prescription and over-the-counter sleep medication: melatonin or cannabidiol, meeting with counselors, psychiatrists, or medical doctors, modifying their living patterns, and using technology. AYAs showed a positive sentiment toward using technology for sleep problems, and their current technology use included meditation content, tracking sleep or physical activity patterns, and sleeping applications. They suggested future designs that integrate technology to help improve sleep including sleep trackers, daily reminders, meditation videos, and user-friendly interfaces.

Conclusion
Here we report that AYA cancer survivors with insomnia used multiple strategies to address their insomnia, including technology, and showed a willingness to further utilize technology to assist them. The insights from this study can inform the design of insomnia interventions for AYA cancer survivors and can be further investigated in larger studies and with male AYA cancer survivors.

Support (if any)
Funding received from the Cancer Consortium Survivorship Program at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center.
0197 Exogenous Grp78 Modulates Slow-wave Sleep and Provides Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Chronic Sleep Restriction
Authors: Pazi Maria , Lapshina Ksenia , Guzeev Mikhail , Ekimova Irina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is the main chaperone of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and main regulator of the ER-stress response contributing to the survival of neurons. Sleep deprivation (SD) enhances GRP78 expression and initiates ER-stress in the mouse cerebral cortex (Naidoo et al., 2005). In Drosophila, GRP78 overexpression increases recovery sleep in response to SD and delays ER-stress. Here we explore i) which phase of sleep is GRP78 involved in, ii) what is the neuroprotective significance of increasing GRP78 levels in the brain in a model of chronic sleep restriction (CSR)

Methods
Intracerebroventricular administration of the human recombinant GRP78 (rGRP78) and CSR experiment were performed in male Wistar rats. Continuous EEG, EMG and EOG recording was performed using a 4ET telemetry module (DSI). The CSR model was created using cycles of 3 h of sleep deprivation and 1 h of sleep opportunity continuously for 5 days on the orbital shaker (160 rpm). In the CSR model, rGRP78 was delivered intranasally 2 days before CSR and during the CSR period. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to evaluate the protective properties of GRP78.

Results
Intracerebroventricular microinjections of rGRP78 at the beginning of the inactive period caused an increase in the slow-wave activity and the amount of slow-wave sleep (SWS) due to the prolongation of SWS episodes. In addition, a slight decrease in paradoxical sleep amount was observed. Thus, GRP78 can be involved in the molecular mechanisms of SWS maintenance, which plays an important role in accelerating protein synthesis and glymphatic clearance. During CSR, aforementioned functions of SWS are violated, which leads to the development of molecular dysfunctions and neurodegeneration. Our CSR model was characterized by degeneration in monoaminergic structures (locus coeruleus, substantia nigra pars compacta, ventral tegmental area) of the brain and activation of apoptotic PERK/CHOP branch of ER-stress. Exogenous rGPR78 attenuated both neurodegeneration and apoptotic ER-stress branch response.

Conclusion
The findings indicate that GRP78 possesses neuroprotective traits that are associated with its ability to increase SWS and modulate ER stress.

Support (if any)
Supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (agreement no. 075-15-2020-916).
0198 The Influence of Shank3 Mutations on Spindle Activity During Sleep in a Mouse Model
Authors: Brandt Ali , Rempe Michael , Uygun David , Ingiosi Ashley , Wintler Taylor , Schoch Hannah , Medina Elizabeth , Singletary Kristan , Ford Kaitlyn , Katsuki Fumi , McNally James , Peixoto Lucia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Insomnia, characterized by problems falling asleep, less sleep, and a lower quality sleep, is more prevalent among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) compared to typical development. Insomnia in ASD predicts severity of symptoms and impacts quality of life, however the mechanisms linking poor sleep with ASD are not well understood. Genetic mouse models of ASD have been essential to understanding ASD. We previously showed that mice with a deletion in exon 21 of Shank3 (Shank3ΔC), a high confidence ASD gene, recapitulate the clinical sleep-onset insomnia ASD phenotype. Sleep spindles are an important part of sleep quality thought to indicate restorative effects of sleep on information processing and cognition. Prior work in humans suggests that people with ASD have a lower spindle density. The goal of our study was to investigate spindle activity using the Shank3ΔC mouse model, to provide a valid pre-clinical model for testing future interventions.

Methods
Sleep phenotyping of 12-week-old adult Wild Type (WT) and Shank3ΔC male mice was performed using electroencephalography (EEG), frontal and parietal cortices bilaterally, and electromyography (EMG). Recordings consisted of 24-hours of baseline, 5-hours of sleep deprivation and 19-hours of undisturbed recovery sleep. EEG/EMG data was used to manually determine vigilance states using SleepSign for Animal and then analyzed with custom Matlab code to detect spindles. The custom Matlab code bandpass-filtered raw EEG data which was then cubed RMS-transformed to define thresholds utilized to identify spindles.

Results
Preliminary results suggest that Shank3ΔC mice have an overall decrease in spindle density (spindles per minute of NREM) compared to WT mice during the dark period post sleep deprivation. This decrease of spindle density in Shank3ΔC mice allows us to further explore spindle density at NREM-REM and Wake-NREM transitions and look for spindle deficits through development in a pre-clinical model of ASD.

Conclusion
Shank3ΔC mice are an effective pre-clinical model for understanding the mechanisms underlying poor spindle quality in ASD across development and developing targeted interventions to normalize spindle density.

Support (if any)
This work was supported by NIH K01NS104172 (LP), NIH R56NS124804 (LP), IK2 BX004905/BX/BLRD (DSU), K01 AG068366/AG/NIA (FK), R21 MH125242/MH/NIMH NIH (JMM), and I01 BX004500/BX/BLRD (JMM).
0201 Early Postpartum Maternal Stress and Mother-Infant Bonding Predicted Infant Nighttime Wakefulness at Six Months
Authors: Jiao Nana , Pituch Keenan , Whisner Corrie , Petrov Megan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Maternal stress levels, sleep, and mother-infant interactions are associated with infant sleep. However, the potential impact of these factors experienced during the early postpartum period on future infant sleep development is understudied. This study examined whether maternal stress and sleep at 3 weeks postpartum predicted infant wakefulness at 6 months of age through mother-infant bonding and the home environment quality at 8 weeks postpartum.

Methods
This secondary analysis of the longitudinal Snuggle Bug/Acurrucadito cohort included a subsample of mothers (n=171, 31.4±5.4y, 74.9% married, 38% Hispanic/Latina, 64.3% ≥ bachelor’s degree) and their full-term infants who were visited in their homes at 3 and 8 weeks, and 6 months postpartum. Infant wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) was assessed using ankle-actigraphy and sleep diaries over 5 days at the 3-week and 6-month visits. At the 3-week visit, mothers completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI, range:0-21) and the Stress subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (range:0-42). At 8 weeks, mothers completed the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire infant-focused anxiety subscale (PBQ-anxiety, range:0-20, higher scores indicate greater anxiety-related bonding difficulties), and staff assessed the home environment quality with the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory (HOME, range:0-45, higher scores indicate a more enriched and interactive environment). Based on the Transactional Model of Infant Sleep, path analyses were conducted to identify the direct effect of 3-week PSQI and Stress scores, and indirect effects via 8-week PBQ-anxiety and HOME scores, on 6-month WASO, adjusting for 3-week WASO, maternal age, education, and marital status.

Results
Average 3-week PSQI and Stress, and 8-week PBQ-anxiety and HOME scores were 6.8±3.1, 7.4±6.5, 2.1±1.9, and 36±4.5, respectively. WASO at 3 weeks and 6 months were 146.9±64.9 and 63.4±33.2min. The 3-week Stress score was not directly related to 6-month WASO (β=-0.28, 95%CI: -0.79-0.17), but positively related to 6-month WASO indirectly through 8-week PBQ-anxiety (β=0.14, 95%CI:0.02-0.31]). The 3-week PSQI was not directly or indirectly associated with 6-month WASO, and the HOME score was not a significant mediator.

Conclusion
Early, heightened maternal stress, independent of maternal sleep quality may indirectly lead to greater infant nighttime wakefulness later in infancy by disrupting early mother-infant bonding.

Support (if any)
NIH/NHLBIR01HL147931
0203 Attachment Style and Multidimensional Sleep Health
Authors: Piechota Amanda , Cassell Jack , Marquez Francisco , Decker Andrea , Halvorson Emily , Cribbet Matthew 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Aspects of close relationships, including adult attachment style, are important for sleep health. While attachment anxiety has been consistently associated with poor sleep across the lifespan, studies linking attachment avoidance to poor sleep have been mixed. Some previous research has even suggested that attachment avoidance may be a protective factor for promoting better sleep. One limitation of these prior studies has been a reliance on a single measure of sleep. We addressed this limitation by examining associations between adult attachment style and a multidimensional measure of sleep health. We hypothesized that that both attachment anxiety and avoidance will be associated with poor self-reported multidimensional sleep health.

Methods
A community sample of midlife adults living in the deep south (N= 74; Mage = 52.67; SD=8.89; 76% Female, 78.7% White, 17.3% Black, 4% Other) were screened for sleep disorders, mental health conditions and physical illnesses. During a baseline session participants completed a demographic measure, a self-report measure of multidimensional sleep health (created by summing scores on items assessing satisfaction, duration, regularity, alertness, efficiency and timing), and the Experiences in Close Relationships Revised Questionnaire, a self-report measure of adult attachment style.

Results
In correlation analyses, greater attachment avoidance was associated with poor multidimensional sleep health (r = -.269, p =.026). Attachment anxiety was not significantly associated with sleep health (r = -.144, p =.238). In follow-up multiple regression analyses, greater attachment avoidance was significantly associated with poor multidimensional sleep health above and beyond age, sex, race and body mass index (b = -.518, t= -2.25, p =.02, ΔR2 = .09). Including attachment anxiety in a regression model that included attachment avoidance and the above-mentioned covariates slightly attenuated the association between avoidant attachment and multidimensional sleep health effect (b=-.56, t = -1.925 p=.05, ΔR2 = .09).

Conclusion
These results are important because they offer new insight into understanding associations between adult attachment and sleep. Understanding associations between aspects of close relationships and sleep can help clarify potential interventions aimed at improving poor sleep health.

Support (if any)
Support was provided by the Deep South Resource Center for Minority Aging Research (RCMAR) P30 AG0301054 from the NIA.
0204 Spindle Detection in Polysomnography of Toddlers: Comparing Manual Feature Detection and an Automated Algorithm
Authors: Horger Melissa , Swift Allison , Kainec Kyle , Holmes Jennifer , Spencer Rebecca 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep spindles are a feature of NREM sleep distinctly related to memory (Friedrich et al., 2019; Kurdziel et al., 2013) and later outcomes (Jaramillo et al., 2023). They have a protracted developmental trajectory and, in toddlers, spindles are defined as 10-16 Hz sinusoidal waves with a minimum duration of 500 ms. Manual identification of spindles is time-intensive and subjective. A variety of automated algorithms, utilizing machine learning techniques, have been developed to combat this problem. However, these vary in the extent to which they are trained on robust datasets, accessible to researchers, and customizable. One option, meeting all three criteria, is the Yet Another Spindle Algorithm (YASA). YASA was trained on over 3,000 adult PSG records, is open-access and extensively documented, and is modifiable (Vallat & Walker, 2021). The goal of the current research was to examine the feasibility of YASA to detect spindles in a much younger population- toddlers. This requires direct assessment because spindles are qualitatively different in this age group.

Methods
Ten toddlers (Range = 21.07-23.5 months; M = 21.84 months) underwent overnight PSG. The first 30 minutes of artifact-free NREM was isolated and scored for sleep spindles. Spindles were identified manually by an expert sleep scorer and automatically via YASA. One adjustment was made to the YASA standard parameters, expanding the range of detectable spindles from 12-15Hz to 10-16Hz.

Results
Manual scoring served as the ground truth. YASA consistently detected fewer spindles than scorers (C3: Range_YASA = 0-6; M_YASA = 1.6 vs. Range:manual= 0-50; M_manual = 11.2). In one record, zero spindles were identified by both methods. Among the remaining records, the percent agreement, or total spindles identified by both methods out of the total identified by scorers, ranged from 0-44% (M = 8%, SD = 15%). False alarms were present in 3 records (Range = 1-5 spindles).

Conclusion
Results suggest YASA is not a reliable substitute for manual spindle detection in toddlers. However, additional modifications to the base code may be necessary. We will unpack these modifications and extend this analysis to other auto-detection approaches.

Support (if any)
This research was funded by NIH R21 HD108913.
0205 Exploring the Relationship Between Social Jetlag, Sleep Quality, and Developmental Outcomes in Preschoolers
Authors: Abbas Leen , Harsh John , Choubai Sophia , Wong Sachi , Hartstein Lauren , LeBourgeois Monique 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Social jetlag (SJL), defined as the weekend-weekday discrepancy in the midpoint of the nocturnal sleep episode, is indicative of circadian misalignment. In adolescents, SJL is associated with poor sleep quality and impaired daytime and academic functioning. However, data on the prevalence and impact of SJL in preschoolers is limited. The present study examines the prevalence of SJL in preschoolers and its association with sleep, sleepiness, and developmental outcomes.

Methods
Data consisted of a cross-sectional sample of 841 children aged 2-5 years (M = 3.6 years, 50.3% female, 27.7% Black) in Mississippi between 2001-2003. Parents completed a questionnaire about child demographics, sleep habits, and developmental history. In a sub-sample of preschoolers, linear regression was used to examine the relationship between SJL and (i) measures of sleep quality (Children’s Sleep Wake Scale (CSWS)); (ii) daytime sleepiness (propensity to fall asleep), (iii) school readiness (Bracken School Readiness Assessment (BSRA)), and (iv) social skills (Social Skills Rating System (SSRS)).

Results
Following exploratory analysis, the prevalence of SJL within the sample was categorized as: no SJL (25.1%), &lt; 90 mins of SJL (58.6%), and &gt;90 mins of SJL (13.6%). Compared to no SJL and &lt; 90 mins of SJL, &gt;90 mins of SJL was associated with greater problems “going to bed” (R² = 0.012, F = 3.5, p = 0.031) and “returning to wakefulness” (R² = 0.092, F = 21.0, p &lt; 0.001) on the CSWS. Additionally, &gt;90 mins of SJL was associated with greater daytime sleepiness (R² = 0.097, F = 22.0, p &lt; 0.001), relatively lower school readiness (R² = 0.075, F = 4.1, p = 0.020), and poorer social skills (R² = 0.054, F = 8.2, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Social jetlag is highly prevalent among preschool children. Greater than 90 mins of SJL may be a risk factor for impaired daytime functioning and poor developmental outcomes. Future research is needed to identify moderators and mediators of these relationships. These findings could inform health intervention programs targeting sleep in early childhood.

Support (if any)
NSF-BSC0079435, UH3-0D023313
0206 The Family Environment: A Potential Driver in Children’s School-summer Sleep Differences
Authors: Fergason Kyla , Moreno Jennette 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
More than 1/3 of US children do not sleep adequately. Our previous work has shown that during summer, 5-8-year-old children go to bed later, obtain less sleep, have a lower Entrainment Sleep Regularity Index (ESRI), and have lower sleep efficiency compared to the school year. Good sleep hygiene helps support adequate sleep. We hypothesized that school year-summer differences in the family environment would explain differences in children’s sleep timing, efficiency, and ESRI.

Methods
119 parents of 5-8-year-olds completed measures of child temperament, sleep hygiene, and parenting practices. Child sleep was measured for 8 days using wrist actigraphs in the summer and school year. Sleep timing was determined using the Sadeh algorithm and sleep diaries. Paired samples t-tests examined school year-summer differences in family variables. Multivariate analyses were performed to calculate predictors of sleep midpoint, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and ESRI.

Results
Compared to the school year, during summer parents reported less consistent bedtime routines (t(108)=3.388, p&lt;.001), increased average daily screen use (t(107)=-3.194, p=.001), less parent-child sleep conflict (t(108)=3.388, p&lt;.001) and greater child surgency (impulsivity) (t(108)=-2.960, p=.004). During the school year, chronotype (β=3.639, p&lt;.001), greater sleep reinforcement (β=-2.005, p=.041), greater caffeine use (β=5.312, p=.02), lower negative affect (β=-10.156, p=.039), and greater effortful control (β=14.253, p=.014) predicted later sleep midpoint. Greater bedtime routine consistency predicted lower sleep efficiency (β=-0.154, p=.032). During the summer, chronotype (β=5.542, p&lt;.001) and decreased bedtime routine consistency predicted later sleep midpoints (β=-2.438, p=.016). Greater maladaptive bedtime activities (β=-.009, p=.004), greater sleep reinforcement (β=-.007, p=.036), and greater screen media use (β=-.003, p=.019) predicted lower ESRI.

Conclusion
Concerningly, maladaptive bedtime behaviors and screen media use predicted lower ESRI during the summer, which has been associated with increases in children’s BMI over the summer. Overall, these results suggest factors that contribute to unhealthy sleep habits differ during the school year and summer. During the school year, it may be important to encourage families to limit caffeine while during summer, promoting consistent bedtime routines and limiting screen media may help improve children’s sleep, with potential BMI effects.

Support (if any)
Texas Children’s Pediatric Pilot Award
0207 NREM Sleep Oscillations and Their Relations to Mood Symptoms in Children with Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Arpaci Hazal , Tripathy Aditi , Becic Intisar , Holowicki Anna , Firouzshahi Narges , Lott Morgan , Maeder Avery , Baran Bengi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep disturbances are common in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. NREM sleep oscillations have been associated with affect and emotional wellbeing and undergo drastic maturational changes during puberty. The primary objective of the current study was to quantify NREM microstructure in children with anxiety disorders (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Separation Anxiety Disorder or Social Anxiety Disorder) and examine their relations with severity of mood symptoms.

Methods
Forty-two participants (9-13 years, mean age: 11.33 years, n(anxiety)=16, n(comparison)=26) completed an in-lab overnight polysomnography session (with a 32-channel EEG acquisition device). Sleep spindles and slow oscillations during N2 and N3 sleep were detected with a validated wavelet-based algorithm and characterized using custom scripts. Symptom severity was measured based on parent reports on Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS). Regressions between symptoms and NREM oscillation characteristics were based on 3 representative electrodes (Cz, Fz, Pz)

Results
Spindle duration was significantly reduced in children with anxiety (7 electrodes, tsum = -17.04, pcorrected = 0.04). In the entire sample, spindle duration was associated with severity of depression such that shorter spindle duration correlated significantly with higher depressive symptoms (frontal: p &lt;.001, central: p =.03, parietal: p =.02). We didn’t observe any other differences in NREM oscillation characteristics. There were no group differences in sleep duration, quality or architecture.

Conclusion
In a sample of mostly prepubertal children with anxiety disorders, we observed a reduction in spindle duration compared to a demographically matched group of typically developing children. This finding was in the context of normal sleep duration, quality and architecture. Reduced spindle duration was associated with heightened depressive symptoms. Spindle duration has been associated with general cognitive ability and has been shown to decrease linearly with age during adolescence. A recent study on older adolescents at clinical high risk for psychotic disorders also reveals a significant reduction in spindle duration. These findings suggest that alterations in spindle duration may be a marker of general psychopathology in adolescence. Our future plans include repeating sleep monitoring longitudinally in these participants to trace the developmental trajectory of NREM oscillations across different stages of puberty.

Support (if any)
Iowa Neuroscience Institute Pilot Grant (Ideas Lab)