bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Crystallization in Gel‐Spun Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers
Authors: Minus Marilyn L. , Chae Han Gi , Kumar Satish 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPVA and PVA/SWNT fibers (PVA = poly(vinyl alcohol), SWNT = single‐walled nanotubes) were processed by gel spinning. At 1 wt.‐% SWNT loading, tensile strength increased from 1.6 GPa for the control PVA to 2.6 GPa for PVA/SWNT composite. Analysis of this data suggests stress of up to ≈116 GPa on the SWNT in the composite fiber. This confirms excellent reinforcement and load transfer of SWNT in the PVA matrix. Tensile modulus of the fiber is also increased from 47 GPa for the control to 70 GPa for the composite. Interfacial studies using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy reveal extended‐chain crystal growth of PVA at the PVA–SWNT interface. High SWNT alignment in the fiber is revealed, where the polarized Raman G‐band ratio $\left( {{{I_{0^ \circ }^{{\rm VV}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{I_{0^ \circ }^{{\rm VV}} } {I_{90^ \circ }^{{\rm VV}} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {I_{90^ \circ }^{{\rm VV}} }}} \right)$ is as high as 106. Composite fiber shrinkage in water is reduced by ∼70% when compared to the control PVA fibers.magnified image
Fluorescent Nanoparticles through Self‐Assembly of Linear Ionenes and Pyrenetetrasulfonate
Authors: Yildiz Ümit Hakan , Koynov Kaloian , Gröhn Franziska 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe investigated the association of linear cationic model polyelectrolytes with oppositely charged pyrenetetrasulfonate in aqueous solution. Water soluble ionenes were prepared via Menschutkin reaction from 1‐4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and dibromoalkenes. UVVis results revealed that PY molecules bind to ionenes in a cooperative process due to π–π interaction. Size and structure of the particles vary in dependence of inter‐charge distance on the ionene backbone. Stable spherical dye–ionene assemblies with radii between 50 and 200 nm have been obtained with one polyelectrolyte (PD4), while this was not possible with a different polyelectrolyte (PD6) or in either case at polyelectrolyte excess. It was possible to deposit the fluorescent polyelectrolyte–dye aggregates onto mica surfaces.magnified image
Comparison of free anterolateral thigh flaps and free muscle‐musculocutaneous flaps in soft tissue reconstruction of lower extremity
Authors: Demirtas Yener , Kelahmetoglu Osman , Cifci Mehmet , Tayfur Volkan , Demir Ahmet , Guneren Ethem 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground:The objective of this study was to compare the free muscle‐musculocutaneous flaps and free perforator skin flaps used for soft tissue reconstruction of the lower extremities.Methods:Fifty‐three patients whose skin and soft tissue of the lower extremities had been reconstructed were divided into two groups: a perforator flap group, reconstructed using anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap (23 cases), and a muscle‐musculocutaneous flap group, in whom latissimus dorsi and rectus abdominus muscle‐musculocutaneous free flaps were used (30 cases). Postoperative complications, long‐term results, and donor site morbidities were studied in the two groups.Results:Complete flap survival was 78.3% with four total and one partial flap loss in the ALT group and 90.0% with one total and two partial failure in the muscle‐musculocutaneous flap group. Muscle‐musculocutaneous flaps were the flaps of choice in Gustillo grade IIIB‐C injuries and for reconstruction of more proximal localizations. ALT was preferred in relatively younger patients and was typically used for coverage of the distally localized defects. Flap complication rate was significantly higher in the ALT group, but the overall complication rate was similar between the groups.Conclusion:ALT perforator flap is a precious option for lower extremity soft tissue reconstruction with minimal donor site morbidity. Nevertheless, the beginners should be attentive to an increased rate of flap complications with the ALT flap and free axial muscle‐musculocutaneous flaps would still be the tissue of choice for coverage of leg defects for a surgeon before gaining enough experience with perforator flap dissection. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2010.
A critical role of TRAIL expressed on cotransplanted hepatic stellate cells in prevention of islet allograft rejection
Authors: Yang Horng‐Ren , Hsieh Ching‐Chuan , Wang Lianfu , Fung John J. , Lu Lina , Qian Shiguang 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have demonstrated a strong T‐cell inhibitory activity. In a mouse islet transplantation model, cotransplanted HSCs can protect islet allografts from rejection. The involved mechanism is not fully understood. We showed in this study that expression of tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL), an important apoptosis‐inducing ligand, on HSCs was crucial in protection of islet allografts, since HSCs derived from TRAIL knockout mice demonstrated less inhibitory activity towards T‐cell proliferative responses, and substantially lost their capacity in protecting cotransplanted islet allografts from rejection, suggesting that TRAIL‐mediated T cell apoptotic death is important in HSC‐delivered immune regulation activity. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2010.
Use of the descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery as a recipient pedicle for coverage of a knee defect with free flap: Anatomical and clinical study
Authors: Kim Jun Sik , Lee Hyung Suk , Jang Pal Young , Choi Tae Hyun , Lee Kyung Suk , Kim Nam Gyun 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground:With recent advances in free tissue transfer, soft tissue defects involving the knee can be covered perfectly utilizing various free flaps. Yet the success of this operation depends on a secure nontraumatic recipient pedicle around the knee area. The purpose of this study is to introduce the descending branch (DB) of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) as a new recipient pedicle for knee defect coverage.Methods:Through autopsies of eight cadavers and a total of 11 extremities involving the area 10‐ and 15‐cm above the upper margin of the patella, the number and sizes of the artery and vein of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery were investigated. In a clinical setting, two cases of soft tissue defects in the area of the knee were reconstructed utilizing the DB of the LCFA with an anterolateral thigh perforator (ALTP) free flap on the ipsilateral side.Results:Anatomical: The descending branches of the lateral circumflex femoral vessels measuring 10‐ and 15‐cm above the lateral aspect of the patella numbered 1 artery and about 1.5 veins. The diameters of these vessels ranged from 1.0 to 2.0 mm (1.4 ± 0.4 mm) for the artery at 10‐cm site and 1.0 to 3.0 mm (1.9 ± 0.5 mm) at the 15‐cm site and 0.8 to 2.0 mm (1.2 ± 0.4 mm) for the vein at the 10‐cm site and 1.0 to 3.0 mm (1.9 ± 0.5 mm) at the 15‐cm site. Under clinical conditions, the two case flaps survived well without major complications. The clinical follow‐up period was from 12 to 14 months (mean: 13 months).Conclusions:The advantage in using this recipient pedicle lies not only in its superficial aspect but also in the protection offered by the surrounding muscle. Thus the defect could be reconstructed efficiently without stress upon the surgeon; if the ALTP flap of the ipsilateral side was used, the defect could be reconstructed efficiently within the same surgical field. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2010.
Autism in children and adolescents with cancer
Authors: Blatt Julie , Deal Allison M. , Mesibov Gary 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe causes of autistic disorders (AD) are not known. Abnormalities of tumor suppressor genes have suggested that these genes may be important to the development of autism in some cases, and result in an increased risk of developing cancer or other neoplasms. We explore possible associations between AD and childhood cancer.ProcedureWe reviewed our institutional pediatric cancer database for all new cancer diagnoses 1997–2007. Medical records from patients older than 2 years at last visit were reviewed for a diagnosis of AD. The prevalence of AD was estimated for neoplasms overall and for specific tumor types, and compared with that in the general pediatric population.ResultsOf 702 eligible patients, 7 (1%; 95% CI: (0.4%, 2.04%)) were labeled as AD, not different than the prevalence of AD in North Carolina's general population (0.65%, P = 0.35). Cancer diagnoses for these 7 children were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 1), acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (n = 2), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 1), Hodgkin Disease (n = 1), brain tumor (n = 1), osteogenic sarcoma (n = 1).ConclusionsThese data do not suggest that there is a high concordance between AD and childhood cancer. However, studies of large rigorously characterized AD cohorts will be needed to definitively address this issue. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:144–147. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and molecular characterization of S1118F‐CFTR
Authors: Penmatsa Himabindu , Frederick Carla A. , Nekkalapu Sunitha , Conoley Veronica G. , Zhang Weiqiang , Li Chunying , Kappes John , Stokes Dennis C. , Naren Anjaparavanda P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis is a lethal autosomal recessive disorder usually associated with lung disease, pancreatic insufficiency and high sweat chloride levels.Clinical CaseA patient admitted to Le Bonheur Children's Medical Center (LBCMC, Memphis, TN) showed symptoms of meconium ileus which required exploratory laparotomy, bowel resection and ileostomy. Genotyping showed ΔF508/I1027T on one chromosome and S1118F on the other. Sweat testing on three different occasions gave negative and intermediate results (22.7, 24.6 mmol/L; 55.1, 58.6 mmol/L and 55.1, 58 mmol/L) and pancreatic elastase testing showed normal levels.ObjectiveTo characterize S1118F‐CFTR mutation at a molecular level to help understand the associated CF‐phenotype.MethodsMolecular characterization of S1118F‐CFTR mutant was studied in HEK‐293 cells at 37°C. Various biochemical methods such as Western blotting, real‐time PCR, Pulse chase labeling and iodide efflux assay were employed.ResultsS1118F‐CFTR makes less than 10–15% of mature CFTR (band C) compared to WT‐CFTR. The mRNA levels of S1118F‐CFTR and WT‐CFTR are comparable. S1118F‐CFTR is functional but shows about 10–15% of WT‐CFTR activity. S1118F‐CFTR shows impaired maturation and CF‐correctors can increase the amount of mature and functional CFTR by three‐ to fourfold.ConclusionS1118F‐CFTR shows impaired maturation and an individual with S1118F‐CFTR paired with ΔF508‐CFTR exhibits atypical CF symptoms with intermediate sweat chloride level and meconium ileus despite documented pancreatic sufficiency. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:1003–1009. ©2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrogen bond of radicals: Interaction of HNO with HCO, HNO, and HOO
Authors: Yang Yong , Liu Ying 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAb initio quantum mechanics methods are employed to investigate hydrogen bonding interactions between HNO and HCO, HOO radicals, and closed‐shell HNO. The systems were calculated at MP2/6‐311++G (2d, 2p) level and G2MP2 level. The topological and NBO analysis were investigated the origin of hydrogen bonds red‐ or blue‐shifts. In addition, the comparisons were performed between HNO‐opened‐shell radical (HCO, HOO) complexes and HNO‐corresponding closed‐shell molecule (H2CO, HOOH) complexes. It is found that the stabilities of complexes increase from HNO‐HCO to HNO‐HOO. There are blue‐shifts of NH, CH stretching vibrational frequencies and a red‐shift of OH stretching vibrational frequency in the complexes. Rehybridization and electron density redistribution contribute to the blue‐shifts of CH and NH stretching vibrational frequencies. Compared with the closed‐shell H2CO, HCO is weaker proton donor and weaker proton acceptor. For the HOO, it is stronger proton donor and weaker proton acceptor than the HOOH is. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Geometrical structures, electronic states, and stability of NinAl clusters
Authors: Wen Jun‐Qing , Jiang Zhen‐Yi , Li Jun‐Qian , Cao Li‐Ke , Chu San‐Yan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDensity‐functional with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange‐correlation potential has been used to calculate the energetically global‐minimum geometries and electronic states of NinAl (n = 2–8) neutral clusters. Our calculations predict the existence of a number of previously unknown isomers. All structures may be derived from a substitution of a Ni atom at marginal positions by an Al atom in the Nin+1 cluster. Aluminum atom remains on the surface of the geometrical configurations. Moreover, these species prefer to adopt three‐dimensional (3D) spacial forms at the smaller number of nickel atoms compared with the pure Nin+1 (n ≥ 3) configuration. Atomization energies per atom for NinAl (n = 2–8) have the same trend as the binding energies per atom for Nin (n = 3–9). The stabilization energies reveal that Ni5Al is the relatively most stable in this series. In comparison with the magnetic moment of pure metal nickel (0.6 μB), the average magnetic moment of Ni atom increases in NiAl clusters except the Ni3Al. Moreover, except the case of Ni5Al, Ni average magnetic moment decreases when alloyed with Al atoms than that in pure Ni clusters, which originate the effective charge transferring from Al to Ni atoms. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Transfer of electron density as a result of hydrogen bond formation— A case of charged complexes
Authors: Sadlej‐Sosnowska N. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPrevious investigation of transfer of electron density accompanying hydrogen bond formation has been extended to complexes between positively charged donors and neutral acceptors, as well as to the complexes between a neutral donor and a negatively charged acceptor molecules. The amount of transferred electron density from acceptor to donor for the charged complexes may be adequately described by the same exponential dependence on the equilibrium distance between the hydrogen atom and the nearest atom of the acceptor molecule as it was found for neutral complexes. Relation of the H‐bond energy to electron density at the H‐bond critical point was dependent on the sign of Laplacian of the electron density. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Density functional study on electronic structures and reactivity in methyl‐substituted chelates used in organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Núñez‐Zarur Francisco , Arguello Eduardo , Vivas‐Reyes Ricardo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe electronic structure and reactivity trends of a set of tris‐(n‐methyl‐8‐quinolinolato) metal (III) (n = 0, 3, 4, 5; metal = Al+3, Ga+3) used as electron‐transport layer in organic light‐emitting diodes were studied and compared. All geometries were optimized at B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) level of theory. The geometries of the ground state (S0) of unsubstituted molecules AlQ3 and GaQ3 were found to be slightly affected by the methyl group, which is in agreement with previous works. Methyl‐derivatives conserve largely the electronic structures of AlQ3 and GaQ3. The energies of the frontier orbitals highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital are raised by the electron‐releasing effect of methyl group. Molecular orbital contribution analysis reveals that the orbital population is essentially the same for both MQ3 and their derivatives. Analyses of the ionization potential and electron affinity showed that MQ3 tend to be better hole‐blockers than methylated analogues and 5Me‐MQ3 have higher hole‐injection capability than the other methyl‐substituted derivatives. The global reactivity analysis showed that the electrophilicity index can be an indicator of electron‐injection capability in these complexes. Local reactivity analysis showed that atomic sites that are prone to nucleophilic/electrophilic attack are atoms C‐4 in L3/C‐5 in L1. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Yap4 PKA‐ and GSK3‐dependent phosphorylation affects its stability but not its nuclear localization
Authors: Pereira Jorge , Pimentel Catarina , Amaral Catarina , Menezes Regina A. , Rodrigues‐Pousada Claudina 
Published: September 2009

AbstractYap4 is a nuclear‐resident transcription factor induced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae when exposed to several stress conditions, which include mild hyperosmotic and oxidative stress, temperature shift or metal exposure. This protein is also phosphorylated. Here we report that this modification is driven by PKA and GSK3. In order to ascertain whether Yap4 is directly or indirectly phosphorylated by PKA, we searched for stress and PKA‐related kinases that could phosphorylate Yap4. We show that phosphorylation is independent of the kinases Rim15, Yak1, Sch9, Slt2, Ste20 and Ptk2. In addition, we showed that Yap4 phosphorylation is also abrogated in the triple GSK3 mutant mck1 rim11 yol128c. Furthermore, our data reveal that Yap4 nuclear localization is independent of its phosphorylation state. This protein has several putative phosphorylation sites, but only the mutation of residues T192 and S196 impairs its phosphorylation under different stress conditions. The ability of the non‐phosphorylated forms of Yap4 to partially rescue the hog1 severe sensitivity phenotype is not affected, suggesting that Yap4 activity is maintained in the absence of phosphorylation. However, this modification seems to be required for stability of the protein, as the non‐phosphorylated form has a shorter half‐life than the phosphorylated one. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RRD1, a component of the TORC1 signalling pathway, affects anaesthetic response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Palmer Laura K. , Baptiste Beverly A. , Fester John C. , Perkins Justin C. , Keil Ralph L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms of action of volatile anaesthetics remain unknown despite clinical use for over 150 years. While many effects of these agents have been characterized, clear insight into how these effects relate to the physiological state of anaesthesia has not been established. Volatile anaesthetics arrest cell division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a manner that parallels the anaesthetic actions of these drugs in mammals. To gain additional insight into the cellular activities of these drugs, we isolated genes that, when present on multi‐copy plasmids, render S. cerevisiae resistant to the volatile anaesthetic isoflurane. One of these genes, RRD1, encodes a subunit of the Tap42p–Sit4p–Rrd1p phosphatase complex that functions in the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) signalling pathway. In addition, we show that mutations in two other genes encoding components of the TORC1 pathway, GLN3 and URE2, also affect yeast anaesthetic response. These findings suggest that TORC1‐mediated signalling is involved in cellular response to volatile anaesthetics in S. cerevisiae. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How Do We Predict the Clinically Relevant Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreaticoduodenectomy?—An Analysis in 244 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Kawai Manabu , Tani Masaji , Hirono Seiko , Ina Shinomi , Miyazawa Motoki , Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe most important problem in pancreatic fistula is whether one can distinguish clinical pancreatic fistula, grade B + C fistula by the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF), from transient pancreatic fistula (grade A), in the early period after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). It remains unclear what predictive risk factors can precisely predict which clinical relevant or transient pancreatic fistula when diagnosed pancreatic fistula on POD3 by ISGPF criteria.MethodsWe analyzed the predictive factors of clinical pancreatic fistula by logistic regression analysis in 244 consecutive patients who underwent PD. Pancreatic fistula was classified into three categories by ISGPF.ResultsThe rate of pancreatic fistula was 69 of 244 consecutive patients (28%) who underwent PD. Of these, 47 (19%) had grade A by ISGPF criteria, 17 patients (7.0%) had grade B, and five patients (2.0%) had grade C. The independent risk factor of incidence of pancreatic fistula is soft pancreatic parenchyma. However, soft pancreatic parenchyma did not predict underlying clinically relevant pancreatic fistula. The independent predictive factors of clinically relevant pancreatic fistula were serum albumin level ≤3.0 g/dl on postoperative day (POD) 4 and leukocyte counts >9,800 mm−3 on POD 4. Positive predictive value of the combination of two predictive factors for clinical relevant pancreatic fistula was 88%.ConclusionsThe combination of two factors on POD4, serum albumin level ≤3.0 g/dl and leukocyte counts >9,800 mm−3, is predictive of clinical relevant pancreatic fistula when diagnosed pancreatic fistula on POD 3 by ISGPF criteria.
The FAS gene, brain volume, and disease progression in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Erten‐Lyons Deniz , Jacobson Anne , Kramer Patricia , Grupe Andrew , Kaye Jeffrey 
Published: September 2009

ObjectiveWe sought to identify single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression and brain volume.MethodsNinety‐seven SNPs were genotyped in 243 subjects from a longitudinal study of healthy aging. Subjects who received a diagnosis of cognitive impairment (CI) at any study visit (before their most recent visit) and had DNA in the study's DNA bank were included. Progression of AD was defined as the duration from onset of CI to diagnosis of AD. Association of each of the 97 SNPs with AD progression was tested via Cox model. Those SNPs meeting a criterion of nominal significance (P < 0.05) for association with AD progression were reassessed to account for multiple testing by repeating the marker selection process in 10,000 random permutations. Next, the association between the one SNP that survived the multiple‐testing adjustment and brain volume was determined by multiple regression analysis in a subgroup of subjects for whom magnetic‐resonance imaging (MRI)‐derived brain‐volume data were available. Brain volumes were adjusted for age at MRI, gender, and time from MRI to onset of CI.ResultsThe minor allele of rs1468063 in the FAS gene, which is member 6 of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, was significantly associated with faster AD progression after adjustment for multiple testing (Ppermutation = 0.049). The same allele in rs1468063 was associated with smaller brain volumes and larger ventricular volumes (P = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively).ConclusionsThe FAS gene, which plays a role in apoptosis, may be associated with AD by modulating the apoptosis and neuronal loss secondary to AD neuropathology.