bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New 9-7/8-in. HPHT Permanent Packer with New Back-Up System Provides North Sea Operator with Effective Solution for Damaged or Worn Casing
Authors: Robb Thomas , Valentine Ernie 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
A major operator in the North Sea had experienced a problem with worn casing at the packer setting depth of an existing HPHT well, causing a leak into the production annulus. A workover was required, and a calliper survey conducted after retrieving the tubing revealed two sizeable grooves along the longitudinal axis of the casing at 120° to each other.
This paper discusses the successful qualification and installation of an HPHT permanent packer for worn casing. Permanent packers are qualified by ISO 14310 V0 in a test fixture to meet the ISO 11960 internal casing dimensions; however, they do not account for any wear or damage in the casing. A test program was developed to test the packer at HPHT well conditions and in worn casing. The test program consisted of the following:
Install the packer in 9-7/8-in casing and flow test to 3 bpm at 180°F to verify that the circulation around the packer did not damage the Aflas® element. Perform an application test using synthetic oil to mimic packer loading until failure, including setting, production, and hot/cold shut in.; apply 9,000 psi annulus pressure to support the casing during testing. In this case, the maximum temperature was 343°F or above for over 200 hours. Perform a modified ISO 14310 V0 test at 450°F with 15,000 psi differential pressure and 400,000 lbf tension and compression.
The packer passed all tests with no extrusion of the three-piece multi-durometer Aflas® element, and no leaks were detected at any of the load points in the application (liquid) test or modified ISO V0 gas test.
The discussion will include information on the packer design, HPHT test in worn casing, and casing acceptance criteria. This test was the first packer test performed in worn casing that demonstrated the capability of the compliant back-up systems to support the entire element in worn casing and at HPHT conditions.
Improved Permeability Modeling in a Saudi Arabian Deep Gas Reservoir Including Measurement Uncertainties
Authors: Forsyth David 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
A translation scheme must be established to link core properties, such as rock type and permeability, from core intervals to non-cored intervals. Such a translation determines accurate and consistent permeability predictions across the field. This study focuses on an Early - Middle Devonian sand-dominated, tidal-estuarine depositional sequence. The formation is characterized by permeability variations caused by rapid facies changes, modified by a highly variable diagenetic overprint. Reservoir production is characterized by relatively thin limited intervals with prolific flow; and other intervals where the flow is low, despite permeability data, which suggest better productivity. These properties reflect a high uncertainty scatter in the permeability distribution. Existing permeability modeling techniques often fail to capture the actual range and scatter of permeability present in the formation: At the low porosity range the modeled permeability overestimates the potential flow and underestimates the performance of the prolific intervals.
This paper presents an approach to improve the permeability prediction by reducing the permeability uncertainty scatter using electrofacies groupings; then, by including the remaining permeability uncertainty scatter in the modeled result. Furthermore, recently acquired and more accurate core permeability measurements at the micro-Darcy range have improved the definition of the low permeability range for this reservoir through the higher resolution measurement.
The results of this work were an improvement in the permeability predictive model. In particular, the calibration of the low permeability intervals was better defined through an improved stress correction. At the high permeability end the identification of productive intervals was improved by the reservoir quality clustering approach combined with the core permeability statistics.
This approach results in improved reservoir characterization with better predictive capacity through better modeling of the dynamic permeability range.
Tax Law Asymmetries and Income Shifting: Evidence from Japanese Capital Keiretsu
Authors: Onji Kazuki , Vera David 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
While the asymmetric treatment of positive and negative income creates clear tax incentives to shift income among a group of closely related corporations, attempts to document the impact of such behavior on economic outcomes are relatively sparse. We aim to provide evidence on tax-motivated transfers from a large dataset of Japanese corporate groups. Using company level data on 33,340 subsidiary time pairs from 1988, 1990, and 1992, we consider testable implications of income shifting in a theoretical model tailored to the Japanese institution of the early 1990s and empirically examine the spread of the profitability distribution, the attrition rate of loss-making subsidiaries, and the propensity to report zero profit. The findings suggest that income shifting was pervasive when Japan had not adopted a formal allowance for group-level tax. The result underscores the importance of accounting for the inter-relatedness of companies, in designing a corporate income tax.
The Duration of Paid Parental Leave and Children's Scholastic Performance
Authors: Liu Qian , Skans Oskar Nordstrom 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
We study how the duration of paid parental leave affects the accumulation of cognitive skills among children. Using a reform which extended parental leave benefits from 12 to 15 months for Swedish children born after August 1988 we evaluate the effects of prolonged parental leave on children's test scores and grades at age 16. We show that, on average, the reform had no effect on children's scholastic performance. However, we do find positive effects for children of well-educated mothers, a result that is robust to a number of different specifications. We find no corresponding heterogeneity relative to parental earnings or fathers' education, or relative to other predictors of child performance. We find no effects on intermediate outcomes such as mothers' subsequent earnings, child health, parental fertility, divorce rates, or the mothers' mental health. Overall the results suggest positive causal interaction effects between mothers' education and the amount of time mothers spend with their children. Since the institutional context is one in which the alternative is subsidized day care, the results imply that subsidizing longer parental leave spells rather than day care reinforce the relationship between maternal education and school outcomes.
Genetic Deletion or Pharmacological Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Improves Cardiovascular Outcomes After Myocardial Infarction in Mice
Authors: Sauvé Meghan , Ban Kiwon , Momen M. Abdul , Zhou Yu-Qing , Henkelman R. Mark , Husain Mansoor , Drucker Daniel J. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36)amide (GLP-1) is cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) to GLP-1 (9-36)amide. We examined whether chemical inhibition or genetic elimination of DPP-4 activity affects cardiovascular function in normoglycemic and diabetic mice after experimental myocardial infarction.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Cardiac structure and function was assessed by hemodynamic monitoring and echocardiography in DPP-4 knockout (Dpp4−/−) mice versus wild-type (Dpp4+/+) littermate controls and after left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation–induced myocardial infarction (MI). Effects of sustained DPP-4 inhibition with sitagliptin versus treatment with metformin were ascertained after experimental MI in a high-fat diet–streptozotocin model of murine diabetes. Functional recovery from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury was measured in isolated hearts from Dpp4−/− versus Dpp4+/+ littermates and from normoglycemic wild-type (WT) mice treated with sitagliptin or metformin. Cardioprotective signaling in the murine heart was examined by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses.

RESULTS
Dpp4 −/− mice exhibited normal indexes of cardiac structure and function. Survival post-MI was modestly improved in normoglycemic Dpp4−/− mice. Increased cardiac expression of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), pGSK3β, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was detected in the nonischemic Dpp4−/− heart, and HO-1, ANP, and pGSK3β proteins were induced in nonischemic hearts from diabetic mice treated with sitagliptin or metformin. Sitagliptin and metformin treatment of wild-type diabetic mice reduced mortality after myocardial infarction. Sitagliptin improved functional recovery after I/R injury ex vivo in WT mice with similar protection from I/R injury also manifest in hearts from Dpp4−/− versus Dpp4+/+ mice.

CONCLUSIONS
Genetic disruption or chemical inhibition of DPP-4 does not impair cardiovascular function in the normoglycemic or diabetic mouse heart.
Potential Mediators of Diabetes-Related Hearing Impairment in the U.S. Population
Authors: Bainbridge Kathleen E. , Cheng Yiling J. , Cowie Catherine C. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
We examined potential mediators of the reported association between diabetes and hearing impairment.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data come from 1,508 participants, aged 40–69 years, who completed audiometric testing during 1999–2004 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We defined hearing impairment as the pure-tone average &gt;25 decibels hearing level of pure-tone thresholds at low/mid (500, 1,000, and 2,000 Hz) and high (3,000, 4,000, 6,000, and 8,000 Hz) frequencies. Using logistic regression, we examined whether controlling for vascular or neuropathic conditions, cardiovascular risk factors, glycemia, or inflammation diminished the association between diabetes and hearing impairment.

RESULTS
Diabetes was associated with a 100% increased odds of low/mid-frequency hearing impairment (odds ratio 2.03 [95% CI 1.32–3.10]) and a 67% increased odds of high-frequency hearing impairment (1.67 [1.14–2.44]) in preliminary models after controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, and occupational noise exposure. Adjusting for peripheral neuropathy attenuated the association with low/mid-frequency hearing impairment (1.70 [1.02–2.82]). Adjusting for albuminuria and C-reactive protein attenuated the association with high-frequency hearing impairment (1.54 [1.02–2.32] and 1.50 [1.01–2.23], respectively). Diabetes was not associated with high-frequency hearing impairment after controlling for A1C (1.09 [0.60–1.99]) but remained associated with low/mid-frequency impairment. We found no evidence suggesting that our observed relationship between diabetes and hearing impairment is due to hypertension or dyslipidemia.

CONCLUSIONS
Mechanisms related to neuropathic or microvascular factors, inflammation, or hyperglycemia may be mediating the association of diabetes and hearing impairment.
Glucose Levels at the Site of Subcutaneous Insulin Administration and Their Relationship to Plasma Levels
Authors: Lindpointner Stefan , Korsatko Stefan , Köhler Gerd , Köhler Hans , Schaller Roland , Schaupp Lukas , Ellmerer Martin , Pieber Thomas R. , Regittnig Werner 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
To examine insulin's effect on the tissue glucose concentration at the site of subcutaneous insulin administration.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A CMA-60 microdialysis (MD) catheter and a 24-gauge microperfusion (MP) catheter were inserted into the subcutaneous adipose tissue of fasting, healthy subjects (n = 5). Both catheters were perfused with regular human insulin (100 units/ml) over a 6-h period and used for glucose sampling and simultaneous administration of insulin at sequential rates of 0.33, 0.66, and 1.00 units/h (each rate was used for 2 h). Before and after the insulin delivery period, both catheters were perfused with an insulin-free solution (5% mannitol) for 2 h and used for glucose sampling only. Blood plasma glucose was clamped at euglycemic levels during insulin delivery.

RESULTS
Start of insulin delivery with MD and MP catheters resulted in a decline of the tissue glucose concentration and the tissue-to-plasma glucose ratio (TPR) for ∼60 min (P &lt; 0.05). However, during the rest of the 6-h period of variable insulin delivery, tissue glucose concentration paralleled the plasma glucose concentration, and the TPR for MD and MP catheters remained unchanged at 83.2 ± 3.1 and 77.1 ± 4.8%, respectively. After subsequent switch to insulin-free perfusate, tissue glucose concentration and TPR increased slowly and reattained preinsulin delivery levels by the end of the experiments.

CONCLUSIONS
The results show the attainment of a stable TPR value at the site of insulin administration, thus indicating that insulin delivery and glucose sensing may be performed simultaneously at the same adipose tissue site.
Inflammation and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bertoni Alain G. , Burke Gregory L. , Owusu James A. , Carnethon Mercedes R. , Vaidya Dhananjay , Barr R. Graham , Jenny Nancy S. , Ouyang Pamela , Rotter Jerome I. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
Many studies have documented associations between inflammation and type 2 diabetes incidence. We assessed potential variability in this association in the major U.S. racial/ethnic groups.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Incident type 2 diabetes was assessed among men and women aged 45–84 years without prior clinical cardiovascular disease or diabetes in the prospective Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Interleukin (IL)-6, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at baseline (2000–2002); fasting glucose and diabetes medication use was assessed at baseline and three subsequent in-person exams through 2007. Type 2 diabetes was defined as use of diabetes drugs or glucose ≥126 mg/dl. Covariates included baseline demographics, clinic, smoking, alcohol, exercise, hypertension medication, systolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, and BMI. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) by quartiles of CRP, IL-6, and fibrinogen.

RESULTS
Among 5,571 participants (mean age 61.6 years, 53% female, 42.1% white, 11.5% Chinese, 25.7% black, and 20.7% Hispanic), 410 developed incident diabetes during a median follow-up time of 4.7 years (incidence 16.8 per 1,000 person-years). CRP, IL-6, and fibrinogen levels were associated with incident diabetes in the entire sample. After adjustment, the associations were attenuated; however, quartile 4 (versus quartile 1) of IL-6 (HR 1.5 [95% CI 1.1–2.2]) and CRP (1.7 [1.3–2.4]) remained associated with incident diabetes. In stratified analyses, similar associations were observed among white, black, and Hispanic participants.

CONCLUSIONS
Higher levels of inflammation predict short-term incidence of type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic American sample.
Balance Training Reduces Falls Risk in Older Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Morrison Steven , Colberg Sheri R. , Mariano Mira , Parson Henri K. , Vinik Arthur I. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
This study assessed the effects of balance/strength training on falls risk and posture in older individuals with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Sixteen individuals with type 2 diabetes and 21 age-matched control subjects (aged 50–75 years) participated. Postural stability and falls risk was assessed before and after a 6-week exercise program.

RESULTS
Diabetic individuals had significantly higher falls risk score compared with control subjects. The diabetic group also exhibited evidence of mild-to-moderate neuropathy, slower reaction times, and increased postural sway. Following exercise, the diabetic group showed significant improvements in leg strength, faster reaction times, decreased sway, and, consequently, reduced falls risk.

CONCLUSIONS
Older individuals with diabetes had impaired balance, slower reactions, and consequently a higher falls risk than age-matched control subjects. However, all these variables improved after resistance/balance training. Together these results demonstrate that structured exercise has wide-spread positive effects on physiological function for older individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Collaborative Care Management of Major Depression Among Low-Income, Predominantly Hispanic Subjects With Diabetes
Authors: Ell Kathleen , Katon Wayne , Xie Bin , Lee Pey-Jiuan , Kapetanovic Suad , Guterman Jeffrey , Chou Chih-Ping 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether evidence-based socioculturally adapted collaborative depression care improves receipt of depression care and depression and diabetes outcomes in low-income Hispanic subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a randomized controlled trial of 387 diabetic patients (96.5% Hispanic) with clinically significant depression recruited from two public safety-net clinics from August 2005 to July 2007 and followed over 18 months. Intervention (INT group) included problem-solving therapy and/or antidepressant medication based on a stepped-care algorithm; first-line treatment choice; telephone treatment response, adherence, and relapse prevention follow-up over 12 months; plus systems navigation assistance. Enhanced usual care (EUC group) included standard clinic care plus patient receipt of depression educational pamphlets and a community resource list.

RESULTS
INT patients had significantly greater depression improvement (≥50% reduction in Symptom Checklist-20 depression score from baseline; 57, 62, and 62% vs. the EUC group's 36, 42, and 44% at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively; odds ratio 2.46–2.57; P &lt; 0.001). Mixed-effects linear regression models showed a significant study group–by–time interaction over 18 months in diabetes symptoms; anxiety; Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) emotional, physical, and pain-related functioning; Sheehan disability; financial situation; and number of social stressors (P = 0.04 for disability and SF-12 physical functioning, P &lt; 0.001 for all others) but no study group–by–time interaction in A1C, diabetes complications, self-care management, or BMI.

CONCLUSIONS
Socioculturally adapted collaborative depression care improved depression, functional outcomes, and receipt of depression treatment in predominantly Hispanic patients in safety-net clinics.
Blood Pressure Control in Diabetes
Authors: Cummings Doyle M. , Doherty Lisa , Howard George , Howard Virginia J. , Safford Monika M. , Prince Valerie , Kissela Brett , Lackland Daniel T. 
Published: January 2010

OBJECTIVE
Despite widespread dissemination of target values, achieving a blood pressure of &lt;130/80 mmHg is challenging for many individuals with diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to examine temporal trends in blood pressure control in hypertensive individuals with diabetes as well as the potential for race, sex, and geographic disparities.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed baseline data from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a national, population-based, longitudinal cohort study of 30,228 adults (58% European American and 42% African American), examining the causes of excess stroke mortality in the southeastern U.S. We calculated mean blood pressure and blood pressure control rates (proportion with blood pressure &lt;130/80 mmHg) for 5,217 hypertensive diabetic participants by year of enrollment (2003–2007) using multivariable logistic regression models.

RESULTS
Only 43 and 30% of European American and African American diabetic hypertensive participants, respectively, demonstrated a target blood pressure of &lt;130/80 mmHg (P &lt; 0.001). However, a temporal trend of improved control was evident; the odds of having a blood pressure &lt;130/80 mmHg among diabetic hypertensive participants of both races enrolled in 2007 (as compared with those enrolled in 2003) were ∼50% greater (P &lt; 0.001) in multivariate models.

CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest temporal improvements in blood pressure control in diabetes that may reflect broad dissemination of tighter blood pressure control targets and improving medication access. However, control rates remain low, and significant racial disparities persist among African Americans that may contribute to an increased risk for premature cardiovascular disease.
Self-esteem and social support in the occupational stress-subjective health relationship among medical professionals
Authors: Ostrowski Tadeusz 
Published: January 2010

Self-esteem and social support in the occupational stress-subjective health relationship among medical professionals
The starting point for the presented study was the concept by House who construed social support as buffering the impact of work-related stress on health. Self-esteem was taken under consideration as the other potential stress buffer. It was hypothesized that both social support and self-esteem would have a salutogenic effect, since they attenuate the experience of occupational stress and reduce health problems associated with the experienced job stress. Participants in the study were 361 medical professionals representing various specialties. They were examined using the Subjective Job Evaluation Questionnaire by Dudek et al., the Mood and Health State Questionnaire by Rząsa, the Self-Esteem Scale by M. Rosenberg and Significant Other Scale by Power et al. The higher was the respondents' occupational stress, the poorer was their subjective physical health. Such components of occupational stress as responsibility, psychological strain due to job complexity, lack of rewards at work, and a sense of threat were found to be most important in this respect. These four components of occupational stress were interrelated and constituted a feedback loop. The study confirmed a salutogenic role of self-esteem, contributing to subjective health improvement. Satisfaction with social support had also a positive role, since it reduced the amount of experienced job stress, thus exerting a health-promoting effect. There was a direct negative feedback loop between self-esteem and somatic health problems. Irrespective of that, satisfaction with social support was found to interact with perceived occupational stress in a negative feedback loop. However, neither of these two factors, i.e. self-esteem and social support, had an effect of buffering the impact of occupational stress on health. This suggests that the initial model proposed by House as well as the present author's earlier research findings obtained from a smaller sample should be revised.
Coping after myocardial infarction. The mediational effects of positive and negative emotions
Authors: Gruszczyńska Ewa , Kroemeke Aleksandra 
Published: January 2010

Coping after myocardial infarction. The mediational effects of positive and negative emotions
The aim of the study was to examine mediational effects of positive and negative emotions (PEs and NEs) on the relationship between cognitive appraisal and coping after myocardial infarction (MI). Subjects were 163 patients assessed a few days after their first MI episode for cognitive appraisal using the Situation Appraisal Questionnaire developed by Wrześniewski and based on the Lazarus theory. The participants' current emotional state and coping strategies were evaluated with Polish versions of the PANAS and CISS-S, respectively. The data were analyzed using the boostrapping procedure. Resultant models turned out to be similar for threat and loss appraisal, where PEs mediated task-oriented coping, while NEs were found to mediate emotion-oriented coping. A different relationship was found for challenge. Due to a significant intercorrelation among appraisals, mediational models for threat and loss were re-analyzed when controlling for challenge. Nevertheless, even if a situation is perceived as highly stressful, both positive and negative emotions can emerge, resulting in strategies that serve different functions to meet external and internal demands.