bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal Link between Microsatellite Instability and hMRE11 Dysfunction in Human Cancers
Authors: Wu Xiling , Xu Yang , Chai Weihang , Her Chengtao 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Maintenance of genomic integrity is essential for cell survival, and genomic instability is a commonly recognized intrinsic property of all cancers. Microsatellite instability (MSI) represents a frequently occurring and easily traceable simple form of sequence variation, signified by the contraction or expansion of specific DNA sequences containing short tandem repeats. MSI is frequently detected in tumor cells with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency. It is commonly conceived that instability at individual microsatellite loci can arise spontaneously in cells independent of MMR status, and different microsatellite loci are generally not affected uniformly by MMR deficiency. It is well recognized that MMR deficiency per se is not sufficient to initiate tumorigenesis; rather, the biological effects have to be exerted by mutations in genes controlling cell survival, DNA damage response, and apoptosis. Recently, shortening of an intronic hMRE11 poly(T)11 tract has been associated with MMR deficiency, raising the possibility that hMRE11 may be inactivated by defective MMR. However, the molecular nature underlying this association is presently unknown, and review of the current literature suggests that hMRE11 is most likely involved with the MMR pathway in a more complex fashion than simply being a MMR target gene. An alternative scenario is proposed to better reconcile the differences among various studies. The potential role of hMRE11 in telomere repeats stability is also discussed. Mol Cancer Res; 9(11); 1443–8. ©2011 AACR.
A Continental-Scale Classification of Rainfall Seasonality Regimes in Africa Based on Gridded Precipitation and Land Surface Temperature Products
Authors: Herrmann Stefanie M. , Mohr Karen I. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA classification of rainfall seasonality regimes in Africa was derived from gridded rainfall and land surface temperature products. By adapting a method that goes back to Walter and Lieth’s approach of presenting climatic diagrams, relationships between estimated rainfall and temperature were used to determine the presence and pattern of humid, arid, and dry months. The temporal sequence of humid, arid, and dry months defined nonseasonal as well as single-, dual-, and multiple-wet-season regimes with one or more rainfall peaks per wet season. The use of gridded products resulted in a detailed, spatially continuous classification for the entire African continent at two different spatial resolutions, which compared well to local-scale studies based on station data. With its focus on rainfall patterns at fine spatial scales, this classification is complementary to coarser and more genetic classifications based on atmospheric driving forces. An analysis of the stability of the resulting seasonality regimes shows areas of relatively high year-to-year stability in the single-wet-season regimes and areas of lower year-to-year stability in the dual- and multiple-wet-season regimes as well as in transition zones.
A Systematic Study of Longwave Radiative Heating and Cooling within Valleys and Basins Using a Three-Dimensional Radiative Transfer Model
Authors: Hoch Sebastian W. , Whiteman C. David , Mayer Bernhard 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe Monte Carlo code for the physically correct tracing of photons in cloudy atmospheres (MYSTIC) three-dimensional radiative transfer model was used in a parametric study to determine the strength of longwave radiative heating and cooling in atmospheres enclosed in idealized valleys and basins. The parameters investigated included valley or basin shape, width, and near-surface temperature contrasts. These parameters were varied for three different representative atmospheric temperature profiles for different times of day. As a result of counterradiation from surrounding terrain, nighttime longwave radiative cooling in topographic depressions was generally weaker than over flat terrain. In the center of basins or valleys with widths exceeding 2 km, cooling rates quickly approached those over flat terrain, whereas the cooling averaged over the entire depression volume was still greatly reduced. Valley or basin shape had less influence on cooling rates than did valley width. Strong temperature gradients near the surface associated with nighttime inversion and daytime superadiabatic layers over the slopes significantly increased longwave radiative cooling and heating rates. Local rates of longwave radiative heating ranged between −30 (i.e., cooling) and 90 K day−1. The effects of the near-surface temperature gradients extended tens of meters into the overlying atmospheres. In small basins, the strong influence of nocturnal near-surface temperature inversions could lead to cooling rates exceeding those over flat plains. To investigate the relative role of longwave radiative cooling on total nighttime cooling in a basin, simulations were conducted for Arizona’s Meteor Crater using observed atmospheric profiles and realistic topography. Longwave radiative cooling accounted for nearly 30% of the total nighttime cooling observed in the Meteor Crater during a calm October night.
Differences between More Divergent and More Rotational Types of Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves. Part I: Space–Time Spectral Analyses
Authors: Yasunaga Kazuaki , Mapes Brian 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Precipitation-related differences in different types of convectively coupled equatorial waves are examined here and in a companion paper. Here the authors show spectra and cross-spectra among tropical-belt time sections of satellite-derived surface rain, infrared brightness temperature Tb, precipitable water (PW), and Japan Meteorological Agency reanalysis of divergence and PW.
Cross-spectra between rain and divergence at 1000- and 200-hPa levels show significant coherence peaks oriented along the dispersion curves of Kelvin, n = 1 equatorial Rossby (ERn1), mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG), n = 0 eastward inertial gravity (EIGn0), and n = 1 and n = 2 westward inertial gravity (WIG) waves, as well as the spectral signatures of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and tropical depression (TD)-type disturbances. Middle-troposphere divergence (indicative of stratiform rain and half-depth convection involvement in the coupling) is coherent with rain for the higher-frequency and more divergent wave types (Kelvin, EIGn0, WIG) but shows little coherence with rain for more rotational disturbance types (ERn1, MRG, TD). These two broad families also exhibit different rain–PW phase lags, a result supportive of the notion that stratiform rain (which occurs in dry conditions after peak PW and rain) is more involved in the more divergent wave types.
Drift in Salinity Data from Argo Profiling Floats in the Sea of Japan*
Authors: Thadathil Pankajakshan , Bajish C. C. , Behera Swadhin , Gopalakrishna V. V. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
In drift analysis of salinity sensors, one major problem is the difficulty in delineating sensor drift from water mass changes. In the present study, a new method is proposed for finding sensor drift that is free from water mass changes. The efficiency of this new method in finding out possible drift in the Argo salinity is demonstrated in the Sea of Japan (SOJ) by using the “near-linear” subsurface salinity structure of the SOJ. The new method is based on the time–space decorrelation scale. The salinity difference between two neighboring observations within the time–space decorrelation scale (SALD) is used to find out possible drift. Neighboring observations within the time–space decorrelation scale are referred to as matchups. The SALD derived from matchups between Argo floats and shipboard CTD observations from the SOJ shows linear drift. Although all four selected floats (5 yr completed) from the SOJ show linear drift (&lt;0.001 PSS yr−1), the drift alone is not so significant to affect the objective of the Argo program in understanding climate variability. In the SOJ, SALD identified salinity error other than drift in good quality data that are flagged by the Argo delayed-mode quality control (ADMQC) method. Therefore, SALD could be used as an effective additional tool in the Argo data quality control. To examine the applicability of SALD in open ocean regions, in addition to confined basins such as SOJ, SALD was applied successfully to detect salinity error in Argo data from the subtropical North Pacific (SNP).
Wirewalker Dynamics
Authors: Smith Jerome A. , Pinkel Robert , Goldin Michael , Sun Oliver , Nguyen San , Hughen Tyler , Bui Mai , Aja Anthony 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA wirewalker exploits the difference in vertical motion between a wire attached to a surface buoy and the water at the depth of a profiling body to provide the power to execute deep profiles: when the wire’s relative motion is upward, the profiler lets go; when it is downward, the profiler clamps on, and the weight attached at depth pulls the wire down, dragging the profiler downward against its buoyancy. The difference between the upward wire and profiler motion has to exceed the buoyancy-driven upward acceleration of the profiler body for this to work. Because the relative motion of the wire and water decreases as the surface is approached, the profiler might get stuck near the surface, especially when it is calm. However, two things mitigate this: 1) the system has a damped resonant response (~1.3 Hz), which induces relative motion between the buoy and water even at the surface; and 2) for waves too gentle to directly exceed the required acceleration, drag on the profiler can pull the clamped-together system down sufficiently that the buoy and wire without the profiler attached can suddenly release and bob upward faster than the profiler. For system parameters as estimated here, the latter requires submersion of less than 0.005 m below its equilibrium depth. Several such “bounces” can occur over a portion of the wave phase. These two effects explain why, in practice, the profiler does not stay long near the surface (although it does proceed downward a bit more slowly there).
The effects of whole body vibration therapy on bone mineral density and leg muscle strength in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lau Ricky WK , Liao Lin-Rong , Yu Felix , Teo Tilda , Chung Raymond CK , Pang Marco YC 
Published: August 2011

Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was undertaken to determine whether whole body vibration improves bone mineral density and leg muscle strength in older adults. Data sources: Sources included MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro, PubMed, Science Citation Index and the reference list of each eligible article. Review methods: Article search and selection was performed independently by two researchers. The methodological quality of each selected article was rated by the PEDro scale. Results: Thirteen randomized trials (18 articles) totalling 896 subjects fulfilled the selection criteria. Four were considered to have good or excellent methodological quality and the rest were rated as fair. Meta-analyses revealed that whole body vibration has no significant effect on hip or lumbar spine bone mineral density in older women when compared with no intervention or active exercise ( P > 0.05). Whole body vibration, however, had a significant treatment effect on knee extension dynamic strength (standardized mean difference = 0.63, P = 0.006), leg extension isometric strength (standardized mean difference = 0.57, P = 0.003), and functional measures of leg muscle strength such as jumping height (standardized mean difference = 0.51, P = 0.010) and performance in sit-to-stand (standardized mean difference = 0.72, P < 0.001) among older adults compared with no intervention. Conclusion: Whole body vibration is beneficial for enhancing leg muscle strength among older adults. However, the review suggests that whole body vibration has no overall treatment effect on bone mineral density in older women. No randomized trial has examined the effects of whole body vibration on bone mineral density in older men.
Effect of combined exercise training on physical and metabolic fitness in adults with intellectual disability: a controlled trial
Authors: Calders Patrick , Elmahgoub Sami , de Mettelinge Tine Roman , Vandenbroeck Chris , Dewandele Inge , Rombaut Lies , Vandevelde Annemie , Cambier Dirk 
Published: August 2011

Objective: Investigating the effect of combined aerobic and strength training on metabolic and physical fitness in adults with intellectual disabilities compared to endurance training and no training. Design: A controlled trial with patients receiving either combined (COM), endurance (END) or no training (C). Setting: Two centres for intellectual disabilities (Sterrenhuis, Brasschaat and Emiliani, Lokeren, Belgium). Subjects: Forty-five adults with intellectual disabilities (mean age: 42 (9,2), mean body mass index (BMI): 24 (3,9), mean IQ: 56 (5,6)). Intervention: Combined exercise training ( n = 15) and endurance training ( n = 15) twice a week for 70  minutes per session for 20 weeks and no training ( n = 15). Groups were matched for age, sex and intellectual disability. Main measures: Lipid profile, physical fitness (primary); blood pressure and body composition. Results: Compared to no training, combined exercise training has significant positive effects on total cholesterol levels, aerobic capacity, muscle strength and resting systolic blood pressure, while endurance exercise training has significant effects on aerobic capacity and resting systolic blood pressure. Compared to endurance training, combined exercise training resulted in a significant better evolution of total cholesterol (mean differences: −18 versus −3 mg/dl), 1RM upper (+6 versus +1  kg) and lower limb (+25 versus +8  kg) and abdominal muscles (+15 versus +1  kg), hand grip strength (+9 versus +2  kg), muscle fatigue resistance (+11 versus +5  sec), sit-to-stand (+5 versus +2/30   sec) and systolic blood pressure (−15 versus −10 mmHg). Conclusion: This study revealed a tendency towards more beneficial effects of combined exercise training in adults with intellectual disability.
Effects of new, individually adjusted, progressive balance group training for elderly people with fear of falling and tend to fall: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Halvarsson Alexandra , Olsson Elisabeth , Farén Elin , Pettersson Anna , Ståhle Agneta 
Published: August 2011

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a new, individually adjusted, progressive and specific balance group training programme on fear of falling, step execution, and gait in healthy elderly people with fear of falling and tend to fall. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: The study was conducted in Stockholm County, Sweden. Subjects: Fifty-nine community dwelling elderly people were recruited by advertisement, and allocated at random to an intervention group ( n = 38) or a control group ( n = 21). Intervention: Individually adjusted, progressive and specific balance group training was given three times a week for three months. The training incorporated elements included in, and required for, independent activities of daily living, and for reactions to loss of balance during dual or multiple tasks. Main measures: Fear of falling was assessed with Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I). The reaction time of step execution was measured with the step-execution test, and gait was measured with GAITRite®. Results: After three months the intervention group showed significant positive changes in the FES-I ( P = 0.008), in the step-execution phase of dual-task performance ( P = 0.012), and in gait at preferred speed during single-task performance; in cadence ( P = 0.030) and, at fast speed, in velocity ( P = 0.004) and cadence ( P = 0.001). Significant decreases were also found for the likelihood of depression after participating in the training programme. Conclusion: This new balance training programme is feasible and leads to decreased fear of falling, decreased time for step execution during dual-task performance and increased velocity during fast walking.
Safety and persistence of adoptively transferred autologous CD19-targeted T cells in patients with relapsed or chemotherapy refractory B-cell leukemias
Authors: Brentjens Renier J. , Rivière Isabelle , Park Jae H. , Davila Marco L. , Wang Xiuyan , Stefanski Jolanta , Taylor Clare , Yeh Raymond , Bartido Shirley , Borquez-Ojeda Oriana , Olszewska Malgorzata , Bernal Yvette , Pegram Hollie , Przybylowski Mark , Hollyman Daniel , Usachenko Yelena , Pirraglia Domenick , Hosey James , Santos Elmer , Halton Elizabeth , Maslak Peter , Scheinberg David , Jurcic Joseph , Heaney Mark , Heller Glenn , Frattini Mark , Sadelain Michel 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We report the findings from the first 10 patients with chemotherapy-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) we have enrolled for treatment with autologous T cells modified to express 19-28z, a second-generation chimeric antigen (Ag) receptor specific to the B-cell lineage Ag CD19. Eight of the 9 treated patients tolerated 19-28z+ T-cell infusions well. Three of 4 evaluable patients with bulky CLL who received prior conditioning with cyclophosphamide exhibited either a significant reduction or a mixed response in lymphadenopathy without concomitant development of B-cell aplasia. In contrast, one patient with relapsed ALL who was treated in remission with a similar T-cell dose developed a predicted B-cell aplasia. The short-term persistence of infused T cells was enhanced by prior cyclophosphamide administration and inversely proportional to the peripheral blood tumor burden. Further analyses showed rapid trafficking of modified T cells to tumor and retained ex vivo cytotoxic potential of CD19-targeted T cells retrieved 8 days after infusion. We conclude that this adoptive T-cell approach is promising and more likely to show clinical benefit in the setting of prior conditioning chemotherapy and low tumor burden or minimal residual disease. These studies are registered at www.clinicaltrials.org as #NCT00466531 (CLL protocol) and #NCT01044069 (B-ALL protocol).
Serglycin participates in retention of α-defensin in granules during myelopoiesis
Authors: Glenthøj Andreas , Cowland Jack B. , Heegaard Niels H. , Larsen Maria T. , Borregaard Niels 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe mechanism by which proteins are targeted to neutrophil granules is largely unknown. The intracellular proteoglycan serglycin has been shown to have important functions related to storage of proteins in several types of granules. The possible role of serglycin in the localization of the α-defensin, human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP-1), a major azurophil granule protein in human neutrophils, was investigated. Murine myeloid cells, stably transfected to express HNP-1, were capable of processing HNP-1, and HNP-1 was found to associate with serglycin in murine and human myeloid cell lines as well as in human bone marow cells. A transgenic mouse expressing HNP-1 in the myeloid compartment was crossed with mice deficient in serglycin or neutrophil elastase to investigate HNP-1 sorting and processing. Neither deficiency affected processing of HNP-1, but the ability to retain fully processed HNP-1 intracellularly was reduced in mice that lack serglycin. Human granulocyte precursors transfected with siRNA against serglycin displayed similar reduced capability to retain fully processed HNP-1, demonstrating a role of serglycin in retaining mature HNP-1 intracellularly, thus preventing potential toxic effects of extracellular HNP-1.
On the stability of an AQCQ-functional equation in random normed spaces
Authors: Park Choonkil , Jang Sun Young , Lee Jung Rye , Shin Dong Yun 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the following additive-quadratic-cubic-quartic functional equationf(x+2y)+f(x-2y)=4f(x+y)+4f(x-y)-6f(x)(1)+f(2y)+f(-2y)-4f(y)-4f(-y)(2)(3)in random normed spaces.2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 46S40; 39B52; 54E70
Accuracy and differential bias in copy number measurement of CCL3L1 in association studies with three auto-immune disorders
Authors: Carpenter Danielle , Walker Susan , Prescott Natalie , Schalkwijk Joost , Armour John AL 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
Copy number variation (CNV) contributes to the variation observed between individuals and can influence human disease progression, but the accurate measurement of individual copy numbers is technically challenging. In the work presented here we describe a modification to a previously described paralogue ratio test (PRT) method for genotyping the CCL3L1/CCL4L1 copy variable region, which we use to ascertain CCL3L1/CCL4L1 copy number in 1581 European samples. As the products of CCL3L1 and CCL4L1 potentially play a role in autoimmunity we performed case control association studies with Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis clinical cohorts.

Results
We evaluate the PRT methodology used, paying particular attention to accuracy and precision, and highlight the problems of differential bias in copy number measurements. Our PRT methods for measuring copy number were of sufficient precision to detect very slight but systematic differential bias between results from case and control DNA samples in one study. We find no evidence for an association between CCL3L1 copy number and Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis.

Conclusions
Differential bias of this small magnitude, but applied systematically across large numbers of samples, would create a serious risk of false positive associations in copy number, if measured using methods of lower precision, or methods relying on single uncorroborated measurements. In this study the small differential bias detected by PRT in one sample set was resolved by a simple pre-treatment by restriction enzyme digestion.