bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical expression of E‐cadherin in sclerosing adenosis, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Facina Gil , Lopes‐Costa Pedro Vitor , Dos Santos Alesse Ribeiro , De Vasconcelos‐Valença Rodrigo Jose , Pinho‐Sobral André Luis , Ferreira‐Filho Celso Pires , Alencar Airlane Pereira , Gebrim Luiz Henrique , Da Silva Benedito Borges 
Published: September 2009

AbstractE‐cadherin (EC) is an important glycoprotein cell‐adhesion molecule that appears to play a significant role in the progression of breast lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate EC expression in sclerosing adenosis, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma. Samples of breast lesions from 44 women were used in this study, comprising cases of sclerosing adenosis (n = 11), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (n = 10) and invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 23). Immunohistochemical evaluation of EC expression was assessed semiquantitatively and considered negative (<10% of cells with stained cytoplasmic membranes), positive+ (10–50% of cells stained) or positive++ (> 50% of cells stained). Fisher's exact test was used to compare the distribution of staining intensity in the lesions (P< 0.05). There was a progressive loss of EC expression from benign to malignant lesions. This difference was statistically significant when sclerosing adenosis was compared with DCIS (P < 0.0002), when sclerosing adenosis was compared with invasive ductal carcinoma (P < 0.008) and when DCIS was compared with invasive ductal carcinoma (P < 0.007). The present findings point to a significant association between reduced EC expression and the progression and aggressivity of breast lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RanBPM regulates the progression of neuronal precursors through M‐phase at the surface of the neocortical ventricular zone
Authors: Chang YoonJeung , Paramasivam Murugan , Girgenti Matthew J. , Walikonis Randall S. , Bianchi Elisabetta , LoTurco Joseph J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMany of the mitoses that produce pyramidal neurons in neocortex occur at the dorsolateral surface of the lateral ventricles in the embryo. RanBPM was found in a yeast two‐hybrid screen to potentially interact with citron kinase (CITK), a protein shown previously to localize to the surface of the lateral ventricles and to be essential to neurogenic mitoses. Similar to its localization in epithelia, RanBPM protein is concentrated at the adherens junctions in developing neocortex. The biochemical interaction between CITK and RanBPM was confirmed in coimmunoprecipitation and protein overlay experiments. To test for a functional role of RanPBM in vivo, we used in utero RNAi. RanBPM RNAi decreased the polarization of CITK to the ventricular surface, increased the number of cells in mitosis, and decreased the number of cells in cytokinesis. Finally, the effect of RanBPM knockdown on mitosis was reversed in embryos mutant for CITK. Together, these results indicate that RanBPM, potentially through interaction with CITK, plays a role in the progression of neocortical precursors through M‐phase at the ventricular surface. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2010
A novel H1N1 virus causes the first pandemic of the 21st century
Authors: Peiris J. S. Malik , Tu Wen‐wei , Yen Hui‐ling 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA novel H1N1 virus of swine origin (H1N1v ) is currently spreading in humans, giving rise to the first pandemic in 40 years. The disease is of moderate severity but has notable differences from seasonal influenza. In contrast to seasonal influenza, those over 60 years are relatively spared, a likely consequence of the presence of H1N1v cross‐neutralizing antibody in this age group. Most patients appear to have mild influenza‐like illness and many of the complications leading to hospitalization and mortality occur in those with underlying disease conditions or pregnancy. Studies in animal models suggest that the novel H1N1v pandemic virus causes a more severe illness and appears to have a greater predilection for the alveolar epithelium than seasonal influenza viruses. As there are as yet little data on the pathogenesis and immunology of H1N1v infection in humans, we have reviewed relevant data from past pandemics, from seasonal influenza and avian influenza H5N1 to highlight key issues pertaining to pathogenesis and immunology.
Chains and Nanochannels Self‐Assembled from Carbido Clusters, Silver Ions and Heterocyclic Ligands – Crystal Structures of the 1D Coordination Polymers [{AgOC4H8{Rh6C(CO)15}AgOC4H8}pyz]∞ and [bipy{Ag2Ru6C(CO)16}(bipy)2{Ag2Ru6C(CO)16}·2C4H8O]∞
Authors: Della Pergola Roberto , Sironi Annalisa , Manassero Carlo , Manassero Mario 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTwo prototypical carbido anionic clusters, the prismatic [Rh6C(CO)15]2– and the octahedral [Ru6C(CO)16]2–, can add two electrophilic Ag–NCMe+ fragments, which were exploited to condense the clusters with bifunctional heterocyclic ligands, such as pyrazine (pyz) or 4,4′‐bipyridine (bipy), forming 1D chains of formula [{Ag(OC4H8){Rh6C(CO)15}Ag(OC4H8)}pyz]∞ and [bipy{Ag2Ru6C(CO)16}(bipy)2{Ag2Ru6C(CO)16}·2C4H8O]∞, both characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In the former, the two Ag+ ions are on opposite sides, and the chains are tightly packed. In the latter, the two silver ions are directly bound, and the metal clusters are connected alternatively by one and two linkers, giving rise to large channels.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A Versatile Synthesis of Various Substituted Taurines from Vicinal Amino Alcohols and Aziridines
Authors: Chen Ning , Jia Weiyi , Xu Jiaxi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTaurine and structurally diverse substituted taurines have been synthesized by peroxyformic acid oxidation of the thiazolidine‐2‐thione intermediates generated from vicinal amino alcohols or aziridines and carbon disulfide. Thestereochemistry and mechanisms of the reactions are disscussed. The method is a salt‐free and versatile route, convenient in terms of purification, and can be used to synthesize optically active substituted taurines. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Chlorinated Arenes by One‐Pot Cyclizations of 4‐Chloro‐1,3‐bis(trimethylsilyloxy)buta‐1,3‐dienes
Authors: Wolf Verena , Adeel Muhammad , Reim Stefanie , Villinger Alexander , Fischer Christine , Langer Peter 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA variety of 3‐chlorosalicylates were prepared by one‐potcyclizations of the first reported 4‐chloro‐1,3‐bis(trimethylsilyloxy)buta‐1,3‐dienes with various 1,3‐dielectrophiles. These include cyclizations with 3‐silyloxy‐2‐en‐1‐ones, 3‐aryl‐3‐silyloxy‐2‐en‐1‐ones, 1‐methoxy‐1‐en‐3‐ones, 1,1‐bis(methylthio)‐1‐en‐3‐ones, 3‐oxo orthoesters, 1,1,3,3‐tetraethoxypropanes, 1,1‐diacetylcyclopropane, and 3‐formylchromones. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Sensitively Electrochemical Sensing for Sequence‐Specific Detection of Phosphinothricin Acetyltransferase Gene: Layer‐by‐Layer Films of Poly‐L‐Lysine and Au‐Carbon Nanotube Hybrid
Authors: Du Meng , Yang Tao , Zhang Yongchun , Jiao Kui 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAn electrochemical DNA sensing film was constructed based on the multilayers comprising of poly‐L‐lysine (pLys) and Au‐carbon nanotube (Au‐CNT) hybrid. A precursor film of mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) was firstly self‐assembled on the Au electrode surface. pLys and Au‐CNT hybrid layer‐by‐layer assembly films were fabricated by alternately immersing the MPA‐modified electrode into the pLys solution and Au‐CNT hybrid solution. Cyclic voltammetry was used to monitor the consecutive growth of the multilayer films by utilizing [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− and [Co(phen)3]3+/2+ as the redox indicators. The outer layer of the multilayer film was the positively charged pLys, on which the DNA probe was easily linked due to the strong electrostatic affinity. The hybridization detection of DNA was accomplished by using methylene blue (MB) as the indicator, which possesses different affinities to dsDNA and ssDNA. Differential pulse voltammetry was employed to record the signal response of MB and determine the amount of the target DNA sequence. The established biosensor has high sensitivity, a relatively wide linear range from 1.0×10−10 mol/L to 1.0×10−6 mol/L and the ability to discriminate the fully complementary target DNA from single or double base‐mismatched DNA. The sequence‐specific DNA related to phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene from the transgenically modified plants was successfully detected.
Bioelectrochemical Characterization of Horseradish and Soybean Peroxidases
Authors: Frasconi Marco , Favero Gabriele , Tortolini Cristina , Mazzei Franco 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHeme peroxidase are ubiquitous enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of a broad range of substrates by hydrogen peroxide. In this paper the bioelectrochemical characterization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and soybean peroxidase (SBP), belonging to class III of the plant peroxidase superfamily, was studied. The homogeneous reactions between peroxidases and some common redox mediators in the presence of hydrogen peroxide have been carried out by cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical characterization of the reactions involving enzyme, substrate and mediators concentrations allowed us to calculate the kinetic parameters for the substrate–enzyme reaction (KMS) and for the redox mediator–enzyme reaction (KMM). A full characterization of the direct electron transfer kinetic parameters between the electrode and enzyme active site was also performed by opportunely modeling data obtained from cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry experiments. The experimental data obtained with immobilized peroxidases show enhanced direct electron transfer and excellent electrocatalytical performance for H2O2. Despite the structural similarities and common catalytic cycle, HRP and SBP exhibit differences in their substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency. Basing on our results, it can be concluded that peroxidase from soybean represents an interesting alternative to the classical and largely employed one obtained from horseradish as biorecognition element of electrochemical mediated biosensors.
Novel Solid‐Contact Ion‐Selective Microelectrodes for Localized Potentiometric Measurements
Authors: Lamaka Svetlana V. , Taryba Maryna G. , Zheludkevich Mikhail L. , Ferreira Mario G. S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe design and properties of novel type of solid‐contact ionophore‐based ion‐selective microelectrodes are reported. The microelectrode is based on an insulated needle‐shaped metallic wire with an exposed apex. The ion‐to‐electron transducer is made of poly(3‐octylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) and placed between an ion‐selective membrane and the metallic tip. The ion‐selective polyvinyl chloride‐based membrane is deposited atop the layer of conductive polymer. The length of the ion‐sensitive part of the electrode is less than 10 μm. pH and Mg2+‐selective microelectrodes were constructed and tested showing stable potential and fast response that are essential properties for the practical application of microelectrodes for localized scanning measurements.
Detection of Explosives Using Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Sharon Etery , Freeman Ronit , Willner Itamar 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe gate surfaces of ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistor (ISFET) devices were functionalized with the π‐donor units, 6‐hydroxydopamine (1) or 4‐aminothiophenol (2). Concentration of trinitrotoluene, TNT, on the gate via π‐donor‐acceptor interactions yields charge‐transfer complexes that alter the gate potential. This enables the label‐free analysis of TNT with a detection limit corresponding to 1×10−7 M.
Electrochemical Sensing of NADH and Glutamate Based on Meldola Blue in 1,2‐Diaminobenzene and 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene Polymer Films
Authors: Doaga Rodica , McCormac Timothy , Dempsey Eithne 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe redox mediator Meldola blue (MB) was entrapped into two polymers, poly‐1,2‐diaminobenzene (p‐DAB) and poly‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (p‐EDOT) by potential cycling and films were applied to NADH oxidation with subsequent glutamate detection using immobilized glutamate dehydrogenase. Both polymer films were tested for electrocatalysis of NADH using amperometry at Eapp=0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl and similar response characteristics were obtained with sensitivity values of 6.1 nA μM−1, linear range up to 0.5 mM (R2=0.9972) and LOD of 50 μM. Subsequent amperometric determination of glutamate resulted in sensitivity 0.7 nA μM−1, linearity 0–100 μM and detection limit of 2 μM glutamate.
Preparation and Characterization of Mixed‐Valent Osmium Hexacyanoferrate/Silicomolybdate Hybrid Films and Their Electrocatalytic Properties
Authors: Tung Chun‐Fang , Balamurugan A. , Chen Shen‐Ming 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA polynuclear mixed‐valent osmium hexacyanoferrate/silicomolybdate film electrode has been prepared using repetitive cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammograms have been recorded for the deposition of a mixed‐valent osmium hexacyanoferrate/silicomolybdate hybrid film directly from the mixture of Os3+, Fe(CN6)3−, and SiMo12O404− ions from the acidic aqueous solutions. The polynuclear mixed‐valent osmium hexacyanoferrate/silicomolybdate film exhibited four redox couples. The electrocatalytic properties of the osmium hexacyanoferrate/silicomolybdate film electrode have been studied. The modified electrode has shown good electrocatalytic properties towards the oxidation of dopamine, ascorbic acid, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and reduction of IO3−, Fe3+.
Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Kinetic Investigation and Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic and Uric Acids
Authors: Rodrigues Lima Phabyanno , Barbosa de Miranda Paulo Rogério , Bof de Oliveira Adriano , Oliveira Fonseca Goulart Marília , Tatsuo Kubota Lauro 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe present work explores, for the first time, the electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid (AscH2) and its determination in the presence of uric acid (UA) on the in situ activated 4‐nitrophthalonitrile modified carbon paste electrode. The kinetic constant κ for the catalytic reaction for the electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid, evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and RDE voltammetry provided values around 106 L mol−1 s−1. The sensor provided a linear response range for AscH2 and UA from 5.0 up to 120.0 μmol L−1 with detection limits of 1.6 μmol L−1and 1.3 μmol L−1, respectively. The sensor was applied for the simultaneous determination of AscH2 and UA in urine samples and the average recoveries for these samples were 99.8 (±3.1)% and 99.9 (±2.1)%, respectively .
Selective and Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine in Blood by Electrochemically Treated Pencil Graphite Electrodes
Authors: Özcan Ali , Şahin Yücel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPreparation of electrochemically treated pencil graphite (ETPG) electrode and its application for the determination of DA in the presence of ascorbic (AA) and uric (UA) acids were investigated. Several important parameters were worked to control the performance of the ETPG electrode which showed a high selectivity and sensitivity toward DA. A linear relationship was obtained for dopamine (DA) over the concentration range of 0.01 and 5.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.31 nM in the presence of AA and UA. The fabrication reproducibility of the ETPG electrodes (n=10) showed an acceptable reproducibility with a RSD of 2.0% for 5.0 μM DA. The determination of DA in blood serum without any pretreatment and dilution has been reported for the first time in this work.
Electrocatalytic Nitrite Reduction to Nitrogen Oxide by a Synthetic Analogue of the Active Site of Cu‐Containing Nitrite Reductase Incorporated in Nafion Film
Authors: Migita Yusaku , Yokoyama Hiroshi , Minami Akiko , Mori Takanori , Nojiri Masaki , Suzuki Shinnichiro , Yamaguchi Kazuya 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite to NO by [CuMe2bpa(H2O)(ClO4)]+ (1), which is a model for the active site of copper‐containing nitrite reductase, incorporated in Nafion film was investigated. The Cu complex in the Nafion matrix exhibits an intense band at 267 nm and a broad band around 680 nm, assigned to d–d and ligand field transitions, respectively. The 77‐K EPR spectrum of 1 in the Nafion matrix reveals the typical axial signals (g//=2.28, g$\rm{_\perp}$=2.08, A//=13.3 mT) of a tetragonal Cu2+ chromophore. The redox potential, which is related to the Cu+/Cu2+ couple, was −146 mV (ΔE=72 mV) at pH 5.5. The redox reaction of 1 in Nafion was not dependent on pH and was a diffusion‐controlled process. The electronic structure and redox properties of 1 in the negatively charged polymer matrix were almost the same as those in aqueous solution. In the presence of nitrite, an increase in the cathodic current was observed in the cyclic voltammogram of 1 in the Nafion matrix. The current increase was dependent on the nitrite concentration and pH in solution. Upon reaching −400 mV, a linear generation of NO was observed for the 1/Nafion film coated electrode. The relationship between the rate of NO generation and the nitrite concentration in solution was analyzed with the Michaelis–Menten equation, where Vmax=45.1 nM s−1 and Km=15.8 mM at pH 5.5. The Cu complex serves the function of both the catalyst and electron transport in the Nafion matrix. The sensitivity of the electrode was estimated to be 3.23 μA mM−1 in the range of 0.1–0.4 mM nitrite.
Cytogenetic genotoxicity of amoxicillin
Authors: İstifli Erman Salih , Topaktaş Mehmet 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAmoxicillin (AMO), a drug used in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible bacteria, has been evaluated for its ability to induce genotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The potential genotoxic effects of AMO were investigated in vitro by the sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberration (CA), and micronucleus (MN) tests. The cells were treated with 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 μg/ml AMO in the presence and absence of a metabolic activator (S9 mix), respectively. In this study, AMO did not induce SCEs or CAs in human peripheral blood lymphocytes both in the presence and absence of the metabolic activator. AMO concentration‐dependently decreased the proliferation index (PI) in the absence of the metabolic activation for 24‐hr treatment period. Mitotic index (MI) was generally found to have been reduced when compared with the negative control but not with the solvent control in cultures treated with AMO for 24 hr. AMO did not decrease the PI and MI in the presence of the metabolic activator. Furthermore, AMO neither induced the formation of MN nor decreased the nuclear division index in human peripheral blood lymphocytes both in the presence and absence of the metabolic activator. According to the present results, we suggest that AMO does not pose genotoxic risk for patients who are under therapy against bacterial infections. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formaldehyde and leukemia: Epidemiology, potential mechanisms, and implications for risk assessment
Authors: Zhang Luoping , Freeman Laura E. Beane , Nakamura Jun , Hecht Stephen S. , Vandenberg John J. , Smith Martyn T. , Sonawane Babasaheb R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFormaldehyde is widely used in the United States and other countries. Occupational and environmental exposures to formaldehyde may be associated with an increased risk of leukemia in exposed individuals. However, risk assessment of formaldehyde and leukemia has been challenging due to inconsistencies in human and animal studies and the lack of a known mechanism for leukemia induction. Here, we provide a summary of the symposium at the Environmental Mutagen Society Meeting in 2008, which focused on the epidemiology of formaldehyde and leukemia, potential mechanisms, and implication for risk assessment, with emphasis on future directions in multidisciplinary formaldehyde research. Updated results of two of the three largest industrial cohort studies of formaldehyde‐exposed workers have shown positive associations with leukemia, particularly myeloid leukemia, and a recent meta‐analysis of studies to date supports this association. Recent mechanistic studies have shown the formation of formaldehyde‐induced DNA adducts and characterized the essential DNA repair pathways that mitigate formaldehyde toxicity. The implications of the updated findings for the design of future studies to more effectively assess the risk of leukemia arising from formaldehyde exposure were discussed and specific recommendations were made. A toxicogenomic approach in experimental models and human exposure studies, together with the measurement of biomarkers of internal exposure, such as formaldehyde‐DNA and protein adducts, should prove fruitful. It was recognized that increased communication among scientists who perform epidemiology, toxicology, biology, and risk assessment could enhance the design of future studies, which could ultimately reduce uncertainty in the risk assessment of formaldehyde and leukemia. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The ‘humped’ soil production function: eroding Arnhem Land, Australia
Authors: Heimsath Arjun M. , Fink David , Hancock Greg R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe report erosion rates and processes, determined from in situ‐produced beryllium‐10 (10Be) and aluminum‐26 (26Al), across a soil‐mantled landscape of Arnhem Land, northern Australia. Soil production rates peak under a soil thickness of about 35 cm and we observe no soil thicknesses between exposed bedrock and this thickness. These results thus quantify a well‐defined ‘humped’ soil‐production function, in contrast to functions reported for other landscapes. We compare this function to a previously reported exponential decline of soil production rates with increasing soil thickness across the passive margin exposed in the Bega Valley, south‐eastern Australia, and found remarkable similarities in rates. The critical difference in this work was that the Arnhem Land landscapes were either bedrock or mantled with soils greater than about 35 cm deep, with peak soil production rates of about 20 m/Ma under 35–40 cm of soil, thus supporting previous theory and modeling results for a humped soil production function. We also show how coupling point‐specific with catchment‐averaged erosion rate measurements lead to a better understanding of landscape denudation. Specifically, we report a nested sampling scheme where we quantify average erosion rates from the first‐order, upland catchments to the main, sixth‐order channel of Tin Camp Creek. The low (∼5 m/Ma) rates from the main channel sediments reflect contributions from the slowly eroding stony highlands, while the channels draining our study area reflect local soil production rates (∼10 m/Ma off the rocky ridge; ∼20 m/Ma from the soil mantled regions). Quantifying such rates and processes help determine spatial variations of soil thickness as well as helping to predict the sustainability of the Earth's soil resource under different erosional regimes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.