bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unified Approach to Optimization of Tread Pattern Shape and Cross-Sectional Contour of Tires
Authors: Tanaka Yoshihiro , Ohishi Katsutoshi 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
During the design stage, tire designers have to use trial and error to decide on the design factors in order to satisfy performance requirements, and this involves a great deal of time and expense. Optimization is one of the methods which can be used effectively and efficiently to improve tire performance. There is a lot of literature available about optimal tire contour and structure design. On the other hand, there is little published information available about optimal tread pattern design. In particular, there is little information available about the interaction between optimal tire contour and tread pattern design. In this study, we constructed a tire optimization system in which the design factors of cross-sectional contour and tread pattern shape could both be dealt with as design variables at the same time. This optimization system was then applied to and verified for an actual tire design problem.
Sacral tumor resection and the impact on pelvic incidence
Authors: Gottfried Oren N. , Omeis Ibrahim , Mehta Vivek A. , Solakoglu Can , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Wolinsky Jean-Paul 
Published: December 2010

Object
Pelvic incidence (PI) directly regulates lumbar lordosis and is a key determinant of sagittal spinal balance in normal and diseased states. Pelvic incidence is defined as the angle between the line perpendicular to the S-1 endplate at its midpoint and the line connecting this point to a line bisecting the center of the femoral heads. It reflects an anatomical value that increases with growth during childhood but remains constant in adulthood. It is not altered by changes in patient position or after traditional lumbosacral spinal surgery. There are only 2 reports of PI being altered in adults, both in cases of sacral fractures resulting in lumbopelvic dissociation and sacroiliac (SI) joint instability. En bloc sacral amputation and sacrectomy are surgical techniques used for resection of certain bony malignancies of the sacrum. High, mid, and low sacral amputations result in preservation of some or the entire SI joint. Total sacrectomy results in complete disruption of the SI joint. The purpose of this study was to determine if PI is altered as a result of total or subtotal sacral resection.

Methods
The authors reviewed a series of 42 consecutive patients treated at The Johns Hopkins Hospital between 2004 and 2009 for sacral tumors with en bloc resection. The authors evaluated immediate pre- and postoperative images for modified pelvic incidence (mPI) using the L-5 inferior endplate, as the patients undergoing a total sacrectomy are missing the S-1 endplate postoperatively. The authors compared the results of total versus subtotal sacrectomies.

Results
Twenty-two patients had appropriate images to measure pre- and postoperative mPI; 17 patients had high, mid, or low sacral amputations with sparing of some or the entire SI joint, and 5 patients underwent a total sacrectomy, with complete SI disarticulation. The mean change in mPI was statistically different (p < 0.001) for patients undergoing subtotal versus those undergoing total sacrectomy (1.6° ± 0.9° vs 13.6° ± 4.9° [± SD]). There was no difference between patients who underwent a high sacral amputation (partial SI resection, mean 1.6°) and mid or low sacral amputation (SI completely intact, mean 1.6°).

Conclusions
The PI is altered during total sacrectomy due to complete disarticulation of the SI joint and discontinuity of the spine and pelvis, but it is not changed if any of the joint is preserved. Changes in PI influence spinopelvic balance and may have postoperative clinical importance. Thus, the authors encourage attention to spinopelvic alignment during lumbopelvic reconstruction and fixation after tumor resection. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate the impact of the change in PI on sagittal balance, pain, and ambulation after total sacrectomy.
Reduced postoperative wound pain after lumbar spinous process–splitting laminectomy for lumbar canal stenosis: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Watanabe Kota , Matsumoto Morio , Ikegami Takeshi , Nishiwaki Yuji , Tsuji Takashi , Ishii Ken , Ogawa Yuto , Takaishi Hironari , Nakamura Masaya , Toyama Yoshiaki , Chiba Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2010

Object
To reduce intraoperative damage to the posterior supporting structures of the lumbar spine during decompressive surgery for lumbar canal stenosis (LCS), lumbar spinous process–splitting laminectomy (LSPSL or split laminectomy) was developed. This prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted to clarify whether the split laminectomy decreases acute postoperative wound pain compared with conventional laminectomy.

Methods
Forty-one patients with LCS were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to either the LSPSL group (22 patients) or the conventional laminectomy group (19 patients). Questionnaires regarding wound pain (intensity, depth, and duration) and activities of daily living (ADL) were administered at postoperative days (PODs) 3 and 7. Additionally, the authors evaluated the pre- and postoperative serum levels of C-reactive protein and creatine phosphokinase, the amount of pain analgesics used during a 3-day postoperative period, and the muscle atrophy rate measured on 1-month postsurgical MR images.

Results
Data obtained in patients in the LSPSL group and in 16 patients in the conventional laminectomy group were analyzed. The mean visual analog scale for wound pain on POD 7 was significantly lower in the LSPSL group (16 ± 17 mm vs 34 ± 31 mm, respectively; p = 0.04). The mean depth-of-pain scores on POD 7 were significantly lower in the LSPSL group than in the conventional group (0.9 ± 0.6 vs 1.7 ± 0.8, respectively; p = 0.013). On POD 3, the mean serum creatine phosphokinase level was significantly lower in the LSPSL group (126 ± 93 U/L) than in the other group (207 ± 150 U/L) (p = 0.02); on POD 7, the mean serum C-reactive protein level was significantly lower in the LSPSL group (1.1 ± 0.6 mg/dl) than in the conventional laminectomy group (1.9 ± 1.5 mg/dl) (p = 0.04). The number of pain analgesics taken during the 3-day postoperative period was lower in the LSPSL group than in the conventional laminectomy group (1.7 ± 1.3 tablets vs 2.3 ± 2.4 tablets, respectively; p = 0.22). The mean muscle atrophy rate was also significantly lower in the LSPSL group (24% ± 15% vs 43% ± 22%; p = 0.004).

Conclusions
Lumbar spinous process–splitting laminectomy for the treatment of LCS reduced acute postoperative wound pain and prevented postoperative muscle atrophy compared with conventional laminectomy, possibly because of minimized damage to the paraspinal muscles.
Impact of multimodal intraoperative monitoring during correction of symptomatic cervical or cervicothoracic kyphosis
Authors: Park Paul , Wang Anthony C. , Sangala Jaypal Reddy , Kim Sung Moon , Hervey-Jumper Shawn , Than Khoi D. , Farokhrani Amin , LaMarca Frank 
Published: December 2010

Object
Surgical correction of symptomatic cervical or cervicothoracic kyphosis involves the potential for significant neurological complications. Intraoperative monitoring has been shown to reduce the risk of neurological injury in scoliosis surgery, but it has not been well evaluated during surgery for cervical or cervicothoracic kyphosis. In this article, the authors review a cohort of patients who underwent kyphosis correction with multimodal intraoperative monitoring (MIOM).

Methods
Twenty-nine patients were included in the study. Preoperative and postoperative Cobb angles were measured to determine the extent of correction. Multimodal intraoperative monitoring consisted of somatosensory evoked potentials, transcranial motor evoked potentials (tMEPs), and electromyography activity. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPVs), and negative predictive values (NPVs) were assessed for each monitoring modality.

Results
The mean patient age was 58.0 years, and 20 patients were female. The mean pre- and postoperative sagittal Cobb angles were 41.3° and 7.3°, respectively. A total of 8 intraoperative monitoring alerts were observed. Transcranial MEPs yielded a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 84%, PPV of 43%, and NPV of 95%. Somatosensory evoked potentials had a sensitivity of 25%, specificity of 96%, PPV of 50%, and NPV of 88%. Electromyography resulted in a sensitivity of 0%, specificity of 93%, PPV of 0%, and NPV of 96%. Changes in tMEPs led to successful intervention in 2 cases. There was 1 case in which a C-8 palsy occurred without any changes in MIOM.

Conclusions
In contrast to sensitivity and PPV, specificity and NPV were generally high in all 3 monitoring modalities. Both false-positive and false-negative results occurred. Transcranial MEP monitoring was the most useful modality and appeared to allow successful intervention in certain cases. Larger, prospective comparative studies are necessary to determine whether MIOM truly decreases the rate of neurological complications and is therefore worth the added economic cost and intraoperative time.
Mechanism of the Osmium(Viii)-Catalysed Oxidation of Fursemide by Alkaline Hexacyanoferrate(Iii) and Analysis of Fursemide by a Kinetic and Catalytic Method
Authors: Billalli H.B. , Sharanabasamma K. , Tuwar S.M. 
Published: December 2010

The kinetics of the title reaction showed first-order behaviour both in hexacyanoferrate(III) and osmium(VIII) and fractional order each in fursemide and alkali concentrations. The added product, [Fe(CN)6]4-, retarded the rate of reaction. The active species of osmium(VIII) in alkali appears to be [OsO5(OH)]3-. A mechanism involving a complex formed between osmium(VIII) and fursemide, followed by its oxidation with hexacyanoferrate(III) in a rate-determining step is proposed. A rate law for the mechanism was derived and verified. The formation constant, K2 for [OsO5(OH)]3-, K3 for the complex, and the rate constant of the slow step, k, were evaluated. The activation parameters Ea, Δ H#, Δ S#, Δ G# and log A were calculated as 55.2 ± 2kJ mol−1, 52.7 ± 2 kJ mol−1, - 52.0 ± 2 JK−1 mol−1, 69.8 ± 2.5 kJ mol−1 and 6.5 ± 0.1 respectively. Fursemide is used in the pharmacotherapy for various diseases and it is also considered as a doping agent in sports. A simple and specific procedure for its analysis was developed being based on its oxidation by alkaline hexacyanoferrate(III) in the presence of trace amount of osmium(VIII) catalyst. Three different methods have been recommended, namely, the rate constant method, fixed time method and fixed change in optical density method. of these, the latter two were found to be fast, simple, and accurate. from these methods, fursemide could be analysed from a few micrograms to milligrams per cm3. The interference by binders of tablets, and other possible substances like proteins and amino acids, have also been studied.
The Firn Field on the Volcano Popocatépetl, Mexico
Authors: White Sidney E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe firn field on the volcano Popocatépetl is most extensive, lowest in altitude (4573 m.) and thickest (40 m.) on the northwest side of the cone. An expansion of the firn field on this side in the form of two small glaciers, one with miniature lateral moraines, has appeared since 1945 and still persists. Crevasses in the firn appear, widen, progress downslope and disappear, with new ones replacing them from above. Accumulation of snow from November through January and also from June through September exceeds ablation, and permits development of the firn field with expected seasonal and annual marginal fluctuations. A recession of 100 m. in altitude of the firn field from 1906 to 1920 is indicated by photographic studies and by field evidence.
Studies in Glacier Physics on the Penny Ice Cap, Baffin ISland, 1953. Part IV: The Flow of Highway Glacier
Authors: Ward W. H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe horizontal and vertical motions of eight points on the surface of Highway Glacier, Baffin Island are reported. The average horizontal speed below the lowest tributary glacier is 56 metres/year. The major part of this motion arises from the glacier sliding on its bed. The mean shear stress on the bed is practically constant and equal to about 0.9 bars, but it is much smaller beneath the retreating tongue. A measure of the retreat in the lower part of the glacier is obtained from the difference between the ice discharge and the net ablation.
Observations in a Cold Ice Cap
Authors: Haefeli R. , Brentani F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the approximately so m. thick ice cap of the Jungfraujoch (3470 m. above sea level), where the temperature throughout lies below the pressure melting point, continual measurements of displacement and deformation were carried out inside ice tunnels from 1950 onwards. These give an insight into the process of movement, the formation of water-filled crevasses and the relationships of viscosity in a cold ice cap glacier.The plastic behaviour of the cold ice was examined through alterations in length of individual tunnels, and also through measured distortions of cross-section in circular sections of tunnel. Since the mean ice temperature in the region of the ice tunnel lies approximately between −1° and −3° C., these examinations provide a welcome supplement to analogous measurements which were taken in circular tunnels in a temperate glacier (Z’Mutt tunnel). The approximate calculation of the plastic deformation of a circular tunnel was thus extended by the obvious transformation of solutions known from elasticity theory.By means of a qualitative analysis of the state of stress of an ice cap, an attempt is made to account for the distortion and the formation of the cracks and crevasses which were observed. The occurrence of blue bands could be followed in statu nascendi. This paper serves as a primary orientation and publishes some initial results of the examinations which are to be continued and completed over a number of years. In addition to its potentialities for practical use, this study may be of interest in respect to the behaviour of cold glaciers of the Arctic and Antarctic. In a final section, therefore, some problems of the Greenland ice sheet are considered in the light of the preceding conclusions.
The Balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Bauer Albert 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPlanimetry of the 15 maps of scale 1:1,000,000 of the World Aeronautical Chart, U.S.A.F., gives 1.726 × 106 km.2 for the surface area of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The hypsometric curve obtained by measuring the area between contours at 1000-ft. (305 m.) intervals with a planimeter gives 2135 m. for the mean height of the ice sheet. The normal area distribution curve of the ice sheet shows that is certainly in the “Inland Ice” type in Ahlmann’s classification. The mean firn line of the ice sheet is at a height of 1390 m. The discharge from the glaciers in the form of icebergs is estimated to be 215 km.3 of water per year, and the nett balance of the ice cap is negative and about 100 km.3 of water per year.
Fluctuations of the Nisqually Glacier, Mt. Rainier, Washington, since 1750
Authors: Harrison A. E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA history of the fluctuations of the Nisqually Glacier on the southern slope of Mt. Rainier, Washington, including the period of increased glacial activity during the last ten years, indicates that a number of minor advances have occurred since the maximum extension of the ice about 1750. These new data on glacial activity in the United States of America should be useful in examining the idea of synchronism in glacial behavior in different regions of the world. In addition, photographs of the changes in the Nisqually Glacier during the last four years indicate the magnitude of the recent increase in glacial activity in this country.
Ice/Bed Interface and Englacial Properties of Svalbard Ice Masses Deduced from Airborne Radio Echo-Sounding Data
Authors: Bamber J.L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA substantial data set of digitally recorded radio echo-sounding data was collected over 44 ice masses in Spitsbergen and the ice caps on Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. These data have allowed quantitative analysis of bed and internal power-reflection coefficients. Substantial regional differences were observed and have been correlated with the presence of water and/or moraine at the bed and with the bulk thermal regime of the ice mass. Values of bed power-reflection coefficient varied between −40 ± 5 and −8 ± 6 dB. It is suggested that the ice caps in north-east Spitsbergen (possessing among the lowest reflection coefficients observed) are frozen to their beds as is much of Austfonna (in Nordaustlandet), and that such values imply the likelihood of a layer of debris-rich ice above the bedrock. It is proposed that significant quantities of water are present at the ice/bed interface of many of the glaciers in north-west Spitsbergen. Further, it is believed that two geological divides were detected. A number of extraordinary internal reflecting horizons are also discussed.
The Geometry of Water Veins and Nodes in Polycrystalline Ice
Authors: Nye J.F. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWater in polycrystalline ice at its melting point forms a system of veins at the three-grain junctions. The veins join together at nodes, which are the four-grain junctions. The shape of a node, a tetrahedron with non-spherical faces and open corners, is determined completely by the dihedral angle for water in contact with a grain boundary. Using the observed value for this angle, namely 33.6°, the paper computes the tetrahedral shape. This is a surface-tension problem with initially unknown boundaries. The result shows that the ratio of vein volume to node volume is R = 0.072 l/d, where l is the average length of a vein between two nodes, and d is the vein diameter measured between edges. For example, in a specimen of ice grown from the melt in the laboratory R was 18.
Ice Flow Over a Bump: Experiment and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Meyssonnier Jacques 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe flow of ice over a bump under steady-state conditions has been studied both experimentally and numerically. The experiments were performed with the ice viscometer installed at the Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement du C.N.R.S. (LGGE) in Grenoble, France. The flow was observed by means of a marker network photographed at fixed time intervals. The separation of the ice down-stream of the bump and the non-linearity of the generally accepted Glen’s flow law led to the modelling of this flow using a finite-element method. The results describe the velocity and stress fields in ice moving over a bump and obeying Glen’s flow law (until now only relatively rough approximations of these fields have been given in the literature). The comparison of the observed and calculated network deformations shows that, although ice flowing over a bump does not undergo steady creep, the use of Glen’s flow law with an exponent n = 3 remains justified when simulating the flow of a glacier over its bed under steady-state conditions.
Digital Terrain Models As A Tool For Glacier Studies
Authors: Rentsch Hermann , Welsch Walter , Heipke Christian , Miller Maynard M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDigital terrain models (DTM) are a very important tool for all sorts of glacier studies and serve as a basis for many applications. The latest development is the combination of DTM with digital image-processing techniques which enable a much better visualization of the DTM, and thus a better interpretation of glaciological phenomena.These new technologies have been applied in an investigation of the Vaughan Lewis Icefall, Juneau Icefield, Alaska. A DTM has been produced by means of photogrammetrie measurements, and a glacier-flow velocity of up to 5.70 m d−1 in the steepest part has been derived. The possibilities for the interpretation of the glacier topography have been significantly improved by using digital image-processing algorithms for the visualization of the DTM.
MIC versus MBEC to Determine the Antibiotic Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus in Peritoneal Dialysis Peritonitis
Authors: Girard Louis P. , Ceri Howard , Gibb Allan P. , Olson Merle , Sepandj Farshad 
Published: December 2010

Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis is a common and morbid complication of PD. Bacteria are able to create a biofilm on the PD catheter, which can be a source of recurrent infection. Biofilms undergo a phenotypic change resulting in increased antibiotic resistance. Methods 21 clinical isolates of different patients with PD peritonitis secondary to Staphylococcus aureus were collected. They were analyzed for their antibiotic susceptibility in the planktonic form using the standard minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and in a biofilm using minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). Chi-square was used to compare the sensitivity results. Results The isolates were susceptible to all the antibiotics tested using MIC. Every antibiotic except gentamicin lost its efficacy when the bacteria were grown in a biofilm ( p > 0.05). The change in susceptibility was statistically significant to a level of p < 0.001 for all antibiotics tested. Discussion In PD peritonitis that is long standing, recurrent, or not responsive to therapy, MBEC testing should be considered as a biofilm may be present. Gentamicin should be strongly considered over other agents for empiric gram-negative coverage as it may be providing synergy in the setting of Staphylococcus aureus. Also, the newer anti-staphylococcal drugs should be tested for their performance in a biofilm using the MBEC method.
Joueuse de rugby de première division : une activité dangereuse ?
Authors: Joncheray Hélène , Tlili Haïfa 
Published: December 2010

Résumé Cette étude se base sur 197 questionnaires de joueuses de rugby de première division. Le sujet est celui du rugby féminin et de la dangerosité. Ces deux thématiques sont souvent associées. À la simple évocation de la pratique du rugby par des femmes, de nombreux individus pensent au danger. Si certains résultats n’incitent pas à la pratique de ce sport (75 % des joueuses disent avoir été blessées), des explications sont à rechercher sur le plan social. Luc Collard nous met sur la piste en avançant que la violence est perçue comme d’autant plus importante que « la perception du risque dans un sport donné est inversement proportionnelle à la maîtrise que l’on en a. Plus on est expert, moins le sport où l’on excelle paraît périlleux. Plus on est incompétent, moins le sport que l’on découvre paraît sécurisant » (Collard, 1998). De plus, il semblerait que la violence, qui reste une composante centrale de la pratique masculine (Elias & Dunning, 1986), ne s’exprime pas, dans le cas d’une pratique féminine, d’une manière qui soit socialement acceptable, comme si la tension autorisée chez les femmes était moindre.