bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of peri‐implantitis with a flapless surgical access combined with implant surface decontamination and adjunctive systemic antibiotics: A retrospective case series study
Authors: Carrillo de Albornoz Ana , Montero Eduardo , Alonso‐Español Andrea , Sanz Mariano , Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of a flapless surgical approach in the treatment of peri‐implantitis and to explore the factors influencing its outcome.Materials and MethodsThe present retrospective study evaluated patients with at least one implant diagnosed with peri‐implantitis and treated with a flapless surgical access, with or without systemic antimicrobials, curettage and, when needed, prostheses modification. Clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed at baseline and at 3 months and at least 12 months. The primary outcome was disease resolution (≤1 bleeding sites, probing depth [PD] ≤5 mm, no bone loss >0.5 mm). Multilevel regression analyses were used to identify predictors influencing the probability of attaining disease resolution.ResultsOne hundred and seventeen patients with 338 implants were included. Disease resolution was attained in 54.4% of the 338 implants receiving flapless surgical access. At the end of the follow‐up period, 111 patients (94.9%) with 295 implants (87.3%) did not require any further treatment, with 81.4% of these implants presenting PD ≤ 5 mm. History of periodontitis and PD at baseline were identified as negative predictors, while compliance with supportive peri‐implant care, a machined surface and the adjunctive use of systemic azithromycin or metronidazole were identified as positive predictive factors for disease resolution.ConclusionsA flapless surgical approach led to disease resolution in 54.4% of the implants with peri‐implantitis. Several risk/protective predictors for disease resolution were identified.
Grand Challenges Viewed through the Pragmatist Lens of the Economies of Worth: A Multidisciplinary Review and Framework for the Conduct of Moral Work in Pluralistic Settings
Authors: Cloutier Charlotte , Desjardins Francis , Rouleau Linda 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA fast‐growing number of organization and management scholars are responding to calls to conduct research on grand challenges (GCs). Few among these, however, question the core assumptions that underpin their efforts. In this paper we argue that the intractability of GCs stems from a failure to recognize the fundamentally pragmatic, plural, and moral character of these problems, which generate conflicts between groups over what is the ‘right’ or most appropriate course of action to pursue. A theoretical lens frequently used across many disciplines to make sense of problems such as these is Boltanski and Thévenot's (1991, 2006) economies of worth (EoW). On this premise, we undertake a multidisciplinary review of articles that use the EoW for studying GCs. Based on our analysis, we develop a pragmatist framework that articulates the practices that underpin the conduct of ‘moral work’ that organizational actors engage in as they seek to agree on a common sense of justice in GC contexts. Our framework provides a useful roadmap for scholars interested in applying a pragmatist perspective to our understanding of GCs, and by so doing, explore different, more socially just, and potentially more impactful ways of tackling them.
Effect of prosthetic management and its timing on otological and audiological outcomes in infants with cleft lip and palate: A clinical trial
Authors: Aboelsayed Kamel M. S. , Abdel Razek Mahmoud Khamis , Assal Samir , Habib Ahmed M. A. , Negm Rana A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate how prosthetic management affects the otological and audiological state of infants with cleft lip and palate by preventing or treating otitis media (OM).Materials and MethodsThirty infants with cleft lip and palate (L/P) were assigned to three equal groups according to the age of prosthetic intervention; Group I: immediately after birth, Group II: 2 months old, Group III: 5 months old. Assessment of middle ear function by tympanometry and hearing quality by auditory brainstem response (ABR) under natural sleep was conducted before and after prosthetic treatment every month till 10 months of age. Data from the study groups were compared.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found between Gp I and Gp II in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th months for right and left ears (p > 0.05). In the 5th month, statistically significant differences between the three groups were found in tympanometry for right (p = 0.011) and left (p = 0.024) ears also, in ABR for right (p = 0.007) and left (p = 0.011) ears. Tympanometric readings starting from the 6th till the 10th month showed no statistically significant differences between the three groups (p >0.05). The final ABR outcomes of the 10th month indicated statistically significant differences between the three groups for both ears (p = 0.027).ConclusionsEarly prosthetic care could delay the development of OM, so it could potentially improve the otological and audiological state in infants with cleft L/P. However, prosthetic treatment may not be able to completely prevent or eliminate middle ear disorders.
A long journey to the colon: The role of the small intestine microbiota in intestinal disease
Authors: Shealy Nicolas G. , Baltagulov Madi , Byndloss Mariana X. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe small intestine represents a complex and understudied gut niche with significant implications for human health. Indeed, many infectious and non‐infectious diseases center within the small intestine and present similar clinical manifestations to large intestinal disease, complicating non‐invasive diagnosis and treatment. One major neglected aspect of small intestinal diseases is the feedback relationship with the resident collection of commensal organisms, the gut microbiota. Studies focused on microbiota–host interactions in the small intestine in the context of infectious and non‐infectious diseases are required to identify potential therapeutic targets dissimilar from those used for large bowel diseases. While sparsely populated, the small intestine represents a stringent commensal bacterial microenvironment the host relies upon for nutrient acquisition and protection against invading pathogens (colonization resistance). Indeed, recent evidence suggests that disruptions to host–microbiota interactions in the small intestine impact enteric bacterial pathogenesis and susceptibility to non‐infectious enteric diseases. In this review, we focus on the microbiota's impact on small intestine function and the pathogenesis of infectious and non‐infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We also discuss gaps in knowledge on the role of commensal microorganisms in proximal GI tract function during health and disease.
Live to fight another day: The bacterial nucleoid under stress
Authors: Walker Azra M. , Abbondanzieri Elio A. , Meyer Anne S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe bacterial chromosome is both highly supercoiled and bound by an ensemble of proteins and RNA, causing the DNA to form a compact structure termed the nucleoid. The nucleoid serves to condense, protect, and control access to the bacterial chromosome through a variety of mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. The nucleoid is also a dynamic structure, able to change both in size and composition. The dynamic nature of the bacterial nucleoid is particularly apparent when studying the effects of various stresses on bacteria, which require cells to protect their DNA and alter patterns of transcription. Stresses can lead to large changes in the organization and composition of the nucleoid on timescales as short as a few minutes. Here, we summarize some of the recent advances in our understanding of how stress can alter the organization of bacterial chromosomes.
The comprehensive incidence and risk factors of fracture in kidney transplant recipients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Jia Lei , Chao Sheng , Yang Qizhen , Chen Qian , Yuan Zhihui , Chen Luobei , Zhang Tao , Zhu Kejing , Niu Yulin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimKidney transplant recipients are at high risk of fracture due to many factors such as nutritional status, hyperparathyroidism, acidosis and steroid administration. The current meta‐analysis aimed to comprehensively analyse the incidence and risk factors of fracture in kidney transplant recipients.MethodsA systematic search on Embase, Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane Library until November 2023 was performed. RStudio software was used to analyse data.ResultsTwenty‐eight eligible studies containing 310 530 kidney transplant recipients were included in the analysis. The pooled incidence of fracture was 10% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7%–13%) generally. When divided by regions, it was further observed that the pooled incidence of fracture was 13% (95% CI: 9%–17%) in Europe, 11% (95% CI: 6%–16%) in North America, 7% (95% CI: 3%–11%) in Asia. Regarding the risk factors, pooled analysis revealed that age of recipient (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.17–1.91), female sex (HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.36–1.53), pretransplantation diabetes (HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.58–1.97), pretransplantation fracture history (HR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.86–2.78), dialysis duration (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01–1.17) and deceased donor (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05–1.39) related to higher risk of fracture. The general quality of included studies was acceptable, and no publication bias existed except for the analysis between age of recipient and fracture incidence; further trim and fill method indicated age of recipient showed a correlation trend with the fracture incidence without the statistical significance.ConclusionThe pooled incidence of fracture reaches 10% in kidney transplant recipients, which relates to age of recipient, female sex, pretransplantation diabetes or fracture history, dialysis duration and decease donor.image
Nurses' experience of end‐of‐life care for patients with COVID‐19: A descriptive phenomenology study
Authors: Kim Yujin , Kim Dong‐Hee 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe mortality rates among critically ill patients with COVID‐19 have been high. The national and institutional infection control policies and resource shortages caused by the pandemic led patients to undergo deaths without dignity and inevitably changed intensive care unit (ICU) end‐of‐life care (EOLC) practices. This study explores ICU nurses' experiences of providing EOLC for patients with COVID‐19 who died. Eight nurses participated in a qualitative phenomenological study. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted from July to September 2022. Colaizzi's data analysis method was used, and the following four main themes emerged: (i) only companion in the death journey; (ii) helping families prepare for death; (iii) EOLC trapped within a framework; and (iv) EOLC in retrospect. To secure high‐quality EOLC in ICU, it is important to promote practical support for nurses and EOLC‐related discussions/education. Technical support, such as digital communication technologies, should be reinforced to help patients and their families participate in EOLC.
Combination of four features of SLC29A3 spectrum disorder in a child: A case report
Authors: Aslani Nahid , Abtahi‐Naeini Bahareh , Rastegarnasab Fereshte , Derakhshan Maryam , Tavousi Elham , Mehraein Kimia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSLC29A3 spectrum disorder, also known as histiocytosis‐lymphadenopathy plus syndrome (HLPS), presents a wide variety of multi‐systemic manifestations that can be mistaken for other conditions. Herein, we report a 9‐year‐old girl who presented with a complex clinical presentation since birth, including chronic generalized lymphadenopathy in association with hepatosplenomegaly, short stature, flexion contractures, hearing loss, hyperpigmentation, and heart anomalies. She was ultimately diagnosed with the SLC29A3 spectrum disorder.
Multi‐tiling neural radiance field (NeRF)—geometric assessment on large‐scale aerial datasets
Authors: Xu Ningli , Qin Rongjun , Huang Debao , Remondino Fabio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeural radiance fields (NeRF) offer the potential to benefit 3D reconstruction tasks, including aerial photogrammetry. However, the scalability and accuracy of the inferred geometry are not well‐documented for large‐scale aerial assets. We aim to provide a thorough assessment of NeRF in 3D reconstruction from aerial images and compare it with three traditional multi‐view stereo (MVS) pipelines. However, typical NeRF approaches are not designed for large‐format aerial images, which result in very high memory consumption (often cost‐prohibitive) and slow convergence when directly applied to aerial assets. Despite a few NeRF variants adopting a representation tiling scheme to increase scalability, the random ray‐sampling strategy during training still hinders its general applicability for aerial assets. To perform an effective evaluation, we propose a new scheme to scale NeRF. In addition to representation tiling, we introduce a location‐specific sampling technique as well as a multi‐camera tiling (MCT) strategy to reduce memory consumption during image loading for RAM, representation training for GPU memory and increase the convergence rate within tiles. The MCT method decomposes a large‐frame image into multiple tiled images with different camera models, allowing these small‐frame images to be fed into the training process as needed for specific locations without a loss of accuracy. This enables NeRF approaches to be applied to aerial datasets on affordable computing devices, such as regular workstations. The proposed adaptation can be implemented to adapt for scaling any existing NeRF methods. Therefore, in this paper, instead of comparing accuracy performance against different NeRF variants, we implement our method based on a representative approach, Mip‐NeRF, and compare it against three traditional photogrammetric MVS pipelines on a typical aerial dataset against lidar reference data to assess NeRF's performance. Both qualitative and quantitative results suggest that the proposed NeRF approach produces better completeness and object details than traditional approaches, although as of now, it still falls short in terms of accuracy. The codes and datasets are made publicly available at https://github.com/GDAOSU/MCT_NERF.
Connection of social anxiety to impaired pattern of cognitive control and underlying motivational deficiencies: Evidence from event‐related potentials
Authors: Zhao Ruonan , Xu Cai , Shi Guangyuan , Li Chieh , Shao Siyang , Shangguan Fangfang , Cui Lixia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNumerous studies have established a correlation between social anxiety and poor cognitive control. However, little is known about the cognitive control pattern of individuals with high social anxiety (HSAs) and the underlying mechanisms. Based on the Dual Mechanisms of Control framework and the Expected Value of Control theory, this study explored whether HSAs have an impaired cognitive control pattern (Experiment 1) and whether motivational deficiencies underlie the impaired control pattern (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 21 individuals with low social anxiety (LSAs) and 21 HSAs completed an AX‐Continuous Performance Task. Results showed that HSAs had a smaller P3b amplitude than LSAs, indicating their weakened proactive control in the cue processing stage, but a larger contingent negative variation (CNV) on cue B as compensation for the negative effects of anxiety in the response preparation stage. No group difference was found in N2 and P3a amplitude on probes, suggesting that reactive control in HSAs was not affected compared to LSAs. In Experiment 2, 21 LSAs and 21 HSAs completed a cued‐flanker task, where the likelihood of proactive control engagement was manipulated. The results revealed that HSAs exhibited motivation deficiencies in engaging in proactive control, as evidenced by P3b, CNV amplitude, and response times. These findings shed light on the impaired cognitive control pattern of HSAs and suggest that motivational deficiencies may be the crucial underlying factor.
Stressing out! Effects of acute stress on prepulse inhibition and working memory
Authors: Santos‐Carrasco Daniel , De la Casa Luis Gonzalo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex serves as a pre‐cognitive marker of sensorimotor gating, and its deficit may predict cognitive impairments. Startle reflex is modulated by many factors. Among them, stress has been a topic of interest, but its effects on both pre‐cognitive and cognitive variables continue to yield divergent results. This study aims to analyze the effect of acute stress on PPI of the startle reflex and cognitive function (working memory, attention, inhibition, and verbal fluency). Participants were exposed to the MAST stress induction protocol or a stress‐neutral task: stress group (n = 54) or control group (n = 54). Following stress induction, participants' startle responses were recorded, and cognition was assessed. The results revealed that participants in the stress group exhibited greater startle magnitude, lower PPI, and lower scores in working memory tests compared with the control group. Additionally, a correlation was found between working memory and PPI across all the participants, independent of stress group. These findings support the notion that after stress, both greater startle magnitude and diminished PPI could play an adaptive role by allowing for increased processing of stimuli potentially dangerous and stress‐related. Similarly, our results lend support to the hypothesis that lower PPI may be predictive of cognitive impairment. Considering the impact of stress on both pre‐cognitive (PPI) and cognitive (working memory) variables, we discuss the possibility that the effect of stress on PPI occurs through motivational priming and emphasize the relevance of considering stress in both basic and translational science.
Are women politicians outperformed by men? The impact of gender on legislative activity in Japan
Authors: Yin Yue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesGiven the distinct political landscape of Japan, this study aims to explore the impact of gender on the parliamentary behavior of Japanese legislators.MethodsUtilizing a self‐constructed data set covering the 44th–48th Diets (2005–2021), this study examines the individual‐level parliamentary activities of male and female legislators in Japan. Key metrics analyzed include the frequency of speeches delivered in both plenary and committee sessions, alongside the submission of memorandums to the Diet.ResultsThe findings indicate that on the whole, gender exerts only a minimal effect on parliamentary activities. However, upon closer examination of members belonging to opposition parties during specific time periods, female legislators emerge as more active in terms of questioning and memorandum submission compared to their male counterparts.ConclusionThis study unveils a noteworthy trend wherein women legislators in Japan demonstrate equal or greater engagement in parliamentary activities than their male counterparts. These findings underscore the importance of exploring gender dynamics within political systems beyond the Western sphere. Moreover, they emphasize the necessity for ongoing research into gender representation and participation within Japan's political arena.
Molecular detection of intestinal parasites in a rural community of Colombia: A one health approach to explore potential environmental–zoonotic transmission
Authors: Castañeda Sergio , Acosta Claudia Patricia , Vasquez‐A Luis Reinel , Patiño Luz H. , Mejía Rojelio , Ramírez Juan David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsProtozoan and helminth parasitic infections pose significant public health challenges, especially in developing countries with rural populations marked by suboptimal hygiene practices and socio‐economic constraints. The parasites are the etiological agents of these infections and have a notably elevated global prevalence. Therefore, this study focuses on estimating the frequency and transmission dynamics of several parasitic species, including Blastocystis, Giardia, Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Taenia spp. and hookworms, within a rural community in southwest Colombia with a particular emphasis on the One Health framework, considering environmental and zoonotic transmission potentials.Methods and ResultsThis study involved the analysis of 125 samples, encompassing human participants (n = 99), their domestic pets (dogs) (n = 24) and water sources (n = 2). Parasite detection was carried out utilizing a combination of microscopy and molecular techniques. Furthermore, the characterization of Blastocystis subtypes (STs) was achieved through Oxford Nanopore sequencing of the rRNA‐18S gene. The investigation also entailed the examination of potential associations between intestinal parasitism and various sociodemographic factors. Results revealed a high frequency of parasitic infections when employing molecular methods, with Blastocystis (n = 109/87%), Giardia (n = 20/16%), Ancylostoma duodenale (n = 28/22%), Ancylostoma ceylanicum (n = 7/5.6%), E. histolytica (n = 6/4.8%), Cryptosporidium spp. (n = 12/9.6%) and even Taenia (n = 1/0.8%) detected. Cryptosporidium spp. was also identified in water samples. Coinfections were prevalent, with 57% (n = 70) of samples exhibiting single‐parasite infections and 43% (n = 53) showing various degrees of polyparasitism, emphasizing the complexity of transmission dynamics. Blastocystis subtyping, conducted via Oxford Nanopore sequencing, revealed a diversity of subtypes and coexistence patterns, with ST2 being the most prevalent.ConclusionsThis research underscores the importance of using molecular techniques for frequency estimation, particularly emphasizing the relevance of zoonotic transmission in parasitic infections. It highlights the significance of the One Health approach in comprehending the circulation of parasites among animals, humans and environmental sources, thereby directly impacting public health and epidemiological surveillance.