bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nile Red Detection of Bacterial Hydrocarbons and Ketones in a High-Throughput Format
Authors: Pinzon Neissa M. , Aukema Kelly G. , Gralnick Jeffrey A. , Wackett Lawrence P. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

A method for use in high-throughput screening of bacteria for the production of long-chain hydrocarbons and ketones by monitoring fluorescent light emission in the presence of Nile red is described. Nile red has previously been used to screen for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and fatty acid esters, but this is the first report of screening for recombinant bacteria making hydrocarbons or ketones. The microtiter plate assay was evaluated using wild-type and recombinant strains of
Shewanella oneidensis
and
Escherichia coli
expressing the enzyme OleA, previously shown to initiate hydrocarbon biosynthesis. The strains expressing exogenous
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
oleA
, with increased levels of ketone production as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, were distinguished with Nile red fluorescence. Confocal microscopy images of
S. oneidensis oleA
-expressing strains stained with Nile red were consistent with a membrane localization of the ketones. This differed from Nile red staining of bacterial PHB or algal lipid droplets that showed intracellular inclusion bodies. These results demonstrated the applicability of Nile red in a high-throughput technique for the detection of bacterial hydrocarbons and ketones.

IMPORTANCE
In recent years, there has been renewed interest in advanced biofuel sources such as bacterial hydrocarbon production. Previous studies used solvent extraction of bacterial cultures followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to detect and quantify ketones and hydrocarbons (Beller HR, Goh EB, Keasling JD, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76:1212–1223, 2010; Sukovich DJ, Seffernick JL, Richman JE, Gralnick JA, Wackett LP, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76:3850–3862, 2010). While these analyses are powerful and accurate, their labor-intensive nature makes them intractable to high-throughput screening; therefore, methods for rapid identification of bacterial strains that are overproducing hydrocarbons are needed. The use of high-throughput evaluation of bacterial and algal hydrophobic molecule production via Nile red fluorescence from lipids and esters was extended in this study to include hydrocarbons and ketones. This work demonstrated accurate, high-throughput detection of high-level bacterial long-chain ketone and hydrocarbon production by screening for increased fluorescence of the hydrophobic dye Nile red.
Variations of Brain Activities of Acupuncture to TE5 of Left Hand in Normal Subjects
Authors: Hsu Sheng-Feng , Chen Chien-Yue , Ke Ming-Da , Huang Chien-Hsun , Sun Yuan-Ting , Lin Jaung-Geng 
Published: June 2011

This paper presents the evident effects of acupoint stimulation, using EEG (electroencephalogram) measurements. With acupuncture stimulation and the EEG measurement on the same meridian, EEG is able to accurately detect the effects of acupunctural point stimulation on brain waves. In this study, 24 subjects without heart or neural diseases were randomly separated into two groups of 12, named test and control groups. Similar procedures are performed; the subjects lay on a bed with eyes closed for ten minutes as the baseline. The test group received acupuncture at their Waiguan points (TE5) on their left hands for 20 minutes, while the control group did not. EEGs are recorded during pre-acupuncture, acupuncture stimulation and post-acupuncture stimulation periods. The EEG electrodes are at the T3, T4, O1 and O2 locations. Continuous wavelet transformation analysis is adopted; therefore, EEGs are divided into the following bands: δ (0.5–4HZ), θ (4–8HZ), α (8–13HZ) and β (13–30HZ). During acupuncture stimulation, the θ energy is increased and had statistical differences at all electrode points, T3, T4, O1 and O2. Upon removing the needle, the energy at the T3 and T4 points slowly declined and revealed obvious statistical differences. During acupuncture, only α energy has been noted to have statistical difference and it was increased at the T3 point. However, the energy was decreased and had no statistical difference after five minutes. Acupuncture is proven to be able to affect brain waves, as the stimulation might have changed the tissues between the cranium and scalp; therefore, the brain waves are detected more easily.
Semiannual Cycle in Zonal Wind over the Equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Ogata Tomomichi , Xie Shang-Ping 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The semiannual cycle in zonal wind over the equatorial Indian Ocean is investigated by use of ocean–atmospheric reanalyses, and linear ocean–atmospheric models. In observations, the semiannual cycle in zonal wind is dominant on the equator and confined in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Results from a momentum budget analysis show that momentum advection generated by the cross-equatorial monsoon circulation is important for the semiannual zonal-wind cycle in the equatorial Indian Ocean. In experiments with a linearized primitive model of the atmosphere, semiannual momentum forcing due to the meridional advection over the central equatorial Indian Ocean is important to simulate the observed maxima of the semiannual cycle in equatorial zonal wind. Off Somalia, diabatic heating and surface friction over land weaken the semiannual response to large momentum forcing there. Results from a linear ocean model suggest that the semiannual zonal wind stress over the central equatorial Indian Ocean generates large semiannual variability in zonal current through a basin-mode resonance.
Targeting survivin overcomes drug resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Park Eugene , Gang Eun Ji , Hsieh Yao-Te , Schaefer Paul , Chae Sanna , Klemm Lars , Huantes Sandra , Loh Mignon , Conway Edward M. , Kang Eun-Suk , Hoe Koo Hong , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Heisterkamp Nora , Pelus Louis , Keerthivasan Ganesan , Crispino John , Kahn Michael , Müschen Markus , Kim Yong-Mi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRelapse of drug-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been associated with increased expression of survivin/BIRC5, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, suggesting a survival advantage for ALL cells. In the present study, we report that inhibition of survivin in patient-derived ALL can eradicate leukemia. Targeting survivin with shRNA in combination with chemotherapy resulted in no detectable minimal residual disease in a xenograft model of primary ALL. Similarly, pharmacologic knock-down of survivin using EZN-3042, a novel locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotide, in combination with chemotherapy eliminated drug-resistant ALL cells. These findings show the importance of survivin expression in drug resistance and demonstrate that survivin inhibition may represent a powerful approach to overcoming drug resistance and preventing relapse in patients with ALL.
Active hepatitis C infection and HCV genotypes prevalent among the IDUs of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: ur Rehman Latif , Ullah Ihasn , Ali Ijaz , Khan Imtiaz Ali , Iqbal Aqib , Khan Sanaullah , Khan Sher Hayat , Uz Zaman Khaleeq , ullah Khan Najib , Swati Zahoor Ahmed , Jahangiri Anila Tariq 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Injection drug users (IDUs) are considered as a high risk group to develop hepatitis C due to needle sharing. In this study we have examined 200 injection drug users from various regions of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province for the prevalence of active HCV infection and HCV genotypes by Immunochromatographic assays, RT-PCR and Type-specific PCR. Our results indicated that 24% of the IDUs were actively infected with HCV while anti HCV was detected among 31.5% cases. Prevalent HCV genotypes were HCV 2a, 3a, 4 and 1a. Majority of the IDUs were married and had attained primary or middle school education. 95% of the IDUs had a previous history of needle sharing. Our study indicates that the rate of active HCV infection among the IDUs is higher with comparatively more prevalence of the rarely found HCV types in KPK. The predominant mode of HCV transmission turned out to be needle sharing among the IDUs.
Interoperabilität von Engineering-Werkzeugen
Authors: Drath Rainer , Fay Alexander , Barth Mike 
Published: June 2011

Zusammenfassung
Interoperabilität zwischen Engineering-Werkzeugen beschreibt deren Fähigkeit zur Zusammenarbeit über Werkzeuggrenzen und Planungsphasen hinweg. Sie gilt als Schlüssel zur Effizienz, ist in der Praxis jedoch nur unzureichend anzutreffen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Ansätze, schlägt eine Methodik zur objektiven Bewertung der Offenheit von Engineering-Werkzeugen vor und erläutert ein Konzept zum Austausch gemeinsam genutzter Daten zwischen Engineering-Werkzeugen.
Merkmale als Grundlage der Interoperabilität technischer Systeme
Authors: Epple Ulrich 
Published: June 2011

Zusammenfassung
Interoperabilität beschreibt die Fähigkeit von eigenständig und unabhängig operierenden heterogenen Systemen ohne Hilfe von externen Einheiten zielgerichtet zusammenarbeiten zu können. Für die Interoperabilität spielt der Informationsaustausch zwischen den Systemen eine wesentliche Rolle. Für die Interoperabilität der technischen Systeme im Umfeld der industriellen Produktion müssen im Allgemeinen neben explizit festgelegten Zustandsinformationen auch Modellinformationen ausgetauscht werden. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, das mit standardisierten Ausprägungsaussagen zu Merkmalen einen einfachen und flexiblen Informationsaustausch unterstützt. Mit dem Konzept lassen sich Merkmalinformationen projektierungsfrei austauschen und nach einfachen Standardregeln bewerten.
Port Selection Factors and Attractiveness: The Service Providers' Perspective
Authors: Sanchez Ricardo J. , Ng Adolf K. Y. , Garcia-Alonso Lorena 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article investigates the major attributes in determining port attractiveness from the perspective of service providers. This was accomplished by conducting a questionnaire survey of ports located in Asian and Latin American countries. In comparing the present survey results with those of earlier surveys of service users (that is, shipping lines) by Ng (2006), special attention was paid to whether the perceptions of service providers and users conflicted with each other. This article provides constructive insight on port attractiveness, and offers a foundation for further research on port attractiveness and competition.
Planned Hernia Repair and Late Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Leppäniemi Ari , Tukiainen Erkki 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPlanned ventral hernia is a management strategy in which the abdominal fascial layer has been left unclosed and the viscera are covered only with original or grafted skin. Leaving the fascia open can be deliberate or unavoidable and most commonly results from staged repair of the abdominal wall due to trauma, peritonitis, pancreatitis, abdominal vascular emergencies, or abdominal compartment syndrome. The abdominal wall defects can be categorized as type I or II defects depending on whether there is intact, stable skin coverage. In defects with intact skin coverage, the most commonly used methods are the components separation technique and a prosthetic repair, sometimes used in combination. The advantages of the components separation technique is the ability to close the linea alba at the midline, creating a better functional result than a repair with inert mesh. Although the reherniation risk seems higher after components separation, the risk of infection is considerably lower. With a type II defect, with absent or unstable skin coverage, fascial repair alone is inadequate. Of the more complex reconstruction techniques, the use of a free tensor fasciae latae (TFL) flap utilizing a saphenous vein arteriovenous loop is the most promising. The advantages of the TFL flap include constant anatomy of the pedicle, a strong fascial layer, large‐caliber vessels matching the size of the AV loop, and the ability to use large flaps (up to 20 × 35 cm). Whatever technique is used, the repair of complex abdominal wall defects requires close collaboration with plastic and abdominal surgeons, which is best managed in specialized centers.
Diversity and General Student Scholarship Recipient Essays: 2010 National Society of Genetic Counselors Membership Committee
Authors: Liu Tina , Patek Kyla , Schneider Kami Wolfe 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn an effort to increase the diversity of the membership of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC), the Membership Committee provided two $500 scholarships to genetic counseling students planning to attend the NSGC AEC meeting in Dallas, Texas in October 2010. Requirements for applicants of both scholarships included enrollment in the fall of 2010, good standing at an accredited genetic counseling training program, and NSGC membership or plans to join in 2011. Students who are from communities underrepresented in the NSGC, including, but not limited to, those of minority cultural/ethnic backgrounds and those with disabilities were eligible to apply for the “Diversity” scholarship. Students from all backgrounds who have an interest in diversity issues were eligible to apply for the “General” scholarship. Applicants wrote essays 1000 words or less answering the following questions: How has your identity as a member of a group underrepresented in the genetic counseling profession affected your pursuit of this career? What do you feel is lacking in genetic counseling to address the issues of underrepresented groups? What strategies do you recommend for addressing these issues and/or increasing diversity? Why do you think diversity is an important issue for the field of genetic counseling? What strategies do you recommend to attract and retain students, especially those from underrepresented populations, into the field of genetic counseling? How do you envision contributing to these strategies? The essays by the award recipients elucidated interesting perspectives and ideas for increasing diversity in the genetic counseling profession.
Glyceollins inhibit platelet-derived growth factor-mediated human arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration
Authors: Kim Hyo Jung , Cha Byung-Yoon , Choi Bongkeun , Lim Ji Sun , Woo Je-Tae , Kim Jong-Sang 
Published: June 2011

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB can induce abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) that are involved in the development of CVD. In our preliminary study, phytoalexin glyceollins (glyceollins I, II and III) isolated from soyabean seeds cultured withAspergillus sojaeshowed strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Since antioxidants showed beneficial effects on chronic inflammatory diseases, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of glyceollins on PDGF-induced proliferation and migration in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC). Incubation of resting HASMC with glyceollins for 24 h significantly diminished PDGF-increased cell number and DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner without any cytotoxicity. In addition to blocking of the PDGF-inducible progression through the G0/G1to the S phase of the cell cycle, glyceollins down-regulated the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2 and cyclin D1, and up-regulated the expression of CDK inhibitors such as p27kip1and p53.Glyceollins also effectively inhibited reactive oxygen species generation and phosphorylation of PDGF receptor-β, phospholipase Cγ1, Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 by PDGF stimulation. Furthermore, glyceollins were found to inhibit PDGF-induced dissociation of actin filaments and cell migration. Thus, the results suggest that glyceollins could become a potent therapeutic agent for regulating VSMC-associated vascular disease such as atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty.
Contra Academicos as autobiography: a critique of the historiography on Augustine's first extant dialogue
Authors: Squires Stuart 
Published: June 2011

AbstractContra Academicos is not one of Augustine's masterpieces and, as such, modern scholarship has largely ignored this text in favour of examining Augustine's more mature works. Scholars do, however, attempt to use it as a way of interpreting Augustine's psychological state of mind at the time of his conversion because this is his first extant text. I argue that this attempt at reading Contra Academicos as autobiography is dangerous because Augustine was deliberately offering a self-representation to a pagan-philosophical audience and, therefore, scholars should not attempt to interpret this dialogue as if it offered neutral insight into Augustine's state of mind around 386. This article will first review the history of the scholarship which has attempted to read Contra Academicos as autobiography to prove that Augustine was only a Neoplatonist at the time of his conversion, or to disprove this theory. In either case, the authors of both positions have relied on Contra Academicos to support their claims. Then, I will make three arguments why reading Contra Academicos as autobiography is dubious. First, I will argue that the literary genre of the dialogue shows that Augustine's intended audience was for pagan-philosophers. Second, I will argue that the dedication of the text shows that Augustine's audience is a pagan-philosophical audience. Augustine's dedicatee plays a larger role in this text than do most dedicatees of texts in late antiquity. Third, I will show that the specific content demonstrates that Augustine's text was focused on a pagan-philosophical audience. Augustine never quotes scripture but goes to great pains to demonstrate his knowledge of Vergil and Cicero.
Barth and subordinationism
Authors: Giles Kevin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article examines claims that Barth teaches the eternal subordination and obedience of the Son to the Father which some mainline theologians think leads Barth into the error of subordinationism. This reading of Barth has had a revival in recent times among socially and theologically conservative evangelicals who have found support in Barth for their thesis that, just as the Son is set under the authority of the Father, so too are women set under the authority of men. In reply I argue that Barth's stress on divine unity and on the full divinity of Christ and his explicit rejection of ‘every form of subordinationism’ makes this thesis untenable. When the evidence for this view is examined none of it proves the point. Rather, it highlights Barth's innovative and mind-expanding understanding of the triune God who is high and humble and of the Son who is forever both Lord and servant at one and the same time. However, this is not to say that Barth's doctrine of the Trinity is not without its problems.
Scriptures, science and mythology: Astronomy in Indian cultures
Authors: Kochhar Rajesh 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHuman beings are born astronomers. Ever since they learnt to walk upright they have looked at the sky and wondered. The sky has remained the same but not its meaning. We can distinguish between three phases in the history of humankind's relationship with its cosmic environment: (i) propitiatory phase; (ii) negotiatory phase; and the current (iii) sky-as-an-object explanatory, phase. My concern here is to discuss the interplay between astronomy and culture in general in the Indian context. Much of the discussion belongs to the negotiatory phase. More specifically I discuss how in the formative era, sacred texts influenced astronomy, how these texts themselves were modified under the influence of new scientific developments, and how mythology was upgraded to keep pace with science.
In search of cosmic order: Astronomy and culture in Ancient Egypt
Authors: Belmonte Juan Antonio 
Published: June 2011

AbstractOver the past five years, the Egyptian-Spanish Mission on the archaeoastronomy of ancient Egypt and its collaborators has been performing an ambitious scientific project with the aim of studying the cosmovision of the ancient civilization of the pharaohs. Part of the project has consisted of a re-analysis of the iconographic and historical sources that has allowed, among other things, a reassessment of the calendar theory and a new proposal for the sky-maps of ancient Egypt. For various reasons, Archaeoastronomy has not been one of the favourite disciplines of egyptologists in the past. Probably because of this, important questions such as the orientation of Egyptian temples and the relevance of astronomy in this respect had never been afforded with the requisite seriousness and depth. Our work has had among its various priorities, the solution of this problem. In order to achieve this, our team has so far measured the orientation of some 330 temples in the Valley, the Delta, the Oases and the Sinai. The aim is to find a correct and almost definitive answer to the question of whether the ancient Egyptian sacred constructions were astronomically aligned or not. Our results may provide an affirmative answer.
Islamic reception of Greek astronomy
Authors: Saliba George 
Published: June 2011

AbstractResearch in Islamic science over the last half century or so has clearly established that such old myths as Islamic science being a preservation of Greek science, or that science was always in conflict with religion in Islamic civilization as it was in Europe, or that the European scientific Renaissance was independent of outside influences –a European phenomenon par excellence– are now all subjects of great dispute if not altogether dead. In what follows I will illustrate the evidence that has put such myths into question with only few examples, since time and space do not allow me to elaborate more.
Kepler, Galileo and the birth of modern astronomy
Authors: Gingerich Owen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe International Year of Astronomy marks the 400th anniversary of Kepler's Astronomia nova and the first use of the telescope for astronomy, most notably leading to Galileo's Sidereus nuncius (1610). Kepler's book for the first time argued strongly for a physical basis to astronomical explanations. Galileo's work showed that a coherent understanding was more important for scientific progress than specific proofs. The efforts of both astronomers undermined the traditional geocentric cosmology and essentially brought about the birth of modern astronomy.
Imagine a universe An artist's take on Astronomy
Authors: Abbozzo Margherita 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis is a brief introduction to the ideas behind the art installation Siderea, Homage to Galileo that was created for, and exhibited at the IYA 2009 Opening Ceremony at UNESCO in Paris. The text narrates the attraction that astronomy exercises on the author, who studied Classics before becoming an artist and has always been fascinated by science.
A Universe on which to dwell
Authors: Atkinson Marea 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe artworks The Cosmic Garden and To Dwell Upon the Universe created for the exhibition Astronomical Inspirations, at the Salle Miró, UNESCO Headquarters, for the launch of the International Year of Astronomy reflect upon the unfolding human perception and relationship with the cosmos and speculate on the nature of space expressed in printmaking via a study of astronomical phenomena, symbolism in visual and scientific artefacts and theories. The work overlaps between the printed image, the constructed print, the artist book and installation.
Is astronomy useful for societies?
Authors: Audouze Jean 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe briefly review various aspects related to the usefulness of astronomy to societies. Astronomy constitutes an important part of human culture, all over different countries and all over the entire history of humankind. Because of its intrinsic interest, astronomy is able to attract young generations towards technical and scientific careers. Moreover, it is also an indirect trigger of innovation and consequently of financial profit.