bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral HIV‐associated Kaposi sarcoma
Authors: Pantanowitz L. , Khammissa R. A. G. , Lemmer J. , Feller L. 
Published: June 2012

J Oral Pathol Med (2012)Kaposi sarcoma (KS), an AIDS defining condition, remains one of the most commonly HIV‐associated neoplasms. While the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has brought about a dramatic decrease in the prevalence and incidence of AIDS‐KS worldwide, this has not been the case in resource‐poor sub‐Saharan African countries, where HIV has reached epidemic proportions and human herpesvirus‐8 infection is endemic. Oral involvement is a common manifestation of AIDS‐associated KS and may be an early presenting finding of HIV infection. The clinical manifestation of oral KS can vary and may have an unpredictable course ranging from mild to fulminant. Rapidly progressive facial lymphoedema associated with extensive advanced oral KS portends a poor prognosis. Oral KS may regress with antiretroviral therapy or may flare up as part of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. The oral lesions of AIDS‐KS are best managed with HAART together with systemic chemotherapy. This article provides a review of contemporary knowledge of the biology, pathology, clinical features and management of oral AIDS‐KS.
Lipopolysaccharide Appears to Activate Human Endometrial Endothelial Cells Through TLR‐4‐Dependent and TLR‐4‐Independent Mechanisms
Authors: Krikun Graciela , Trezza Jordan , Shaw Jeff , Rahman Mizan , Guller Seth , Abrahams Vikki M. , Lockwood Charles J. 
Published: June 2012

ProblemUterine innate immunity remains poorly characterized, and while endometrial endothelial cells are known to express Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), little is known about their function in these cells. The present study evaluated the effect of Gram‐negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on human endometrial endothelial cell (HEECs) cytokine secretion and tissue factor expression, and the role of TLR‐4 in these responses.MethodsHuman endometrial endothelial cells were treated with or without LPS ± LPS‐RS, a TLR‐4 antagonist, via the binding of MD‐2. After 24 hr, cell‐free supernatants were evaluated for cytokines by multiplex analysis and cell lysates were analyzed for tissue factor expression by Western blot.ResultsTreatment of HEECs with LPS significantly upregulated the secretion of IL‐6, IL‐8, and G‐CSF, and this was prevented by LPS‐RS. LPS also induced tissue factor expression by the HEECs; however, this was unaffected by LPS‐RS.ConclusionThese findings suggest that TLR‐4 is functional in HEECs and its activation by bacterial LPS induces a specific cytokine/chemokine response. However, bacterial LPS also induced tissue factor expression in what seemed to be a TLR‐4‐independent fashion, suggesting that this bacterial component can act on the HEECs through TLR‐4‐dependent and TLR‐4‐independent pathways. These findings indicate that endometrial endothelial cells may play an active role in uterine innate immunity.
Pre‐treatment radiographic features predict root resorption of treated impacted maxillary central incisors
Authors: Ho K. H. , Liao Y. F. 
Published: June 2012

Ho K. H., Liao Y. F. Pre‐treatment radiographic features predict root resorption of treated impacted maxillary central incisors  Orthod Craniofac Res 2012;15:198–205. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S;Structured AbstractObjectives –  To determine independent predictors of root resorption for surgical‐orthodontic treatment of impacted maxillary central incisors.Setting and Sample Population –  The Department of Dentistry at Show Chwan Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan. Eighty patients with unilateral osseous–impacted maxillary central incisors receiving a surgical‐orthodontic treatment.Material and Methods –  This is a retrospective observational study. Root resorption and its predictors were abstracted from patients’ charts, pre‐treatment cephalometric radiographs, and post‐treatment periapical radiographs. Predictors included demographics, treatment duration, crown angle, crown height, crown depth, and root dilacerations.Results –  The patients’ mean age was 9.2 ± 2.3 years (6.4–20.6 years), and 60% were females. Impacted maxillary central incisors had greater root resorption than naturally erupted contralateral incisors (Δ = −2.8 mm, p < 0.001). Independent predictors of root resorption for impacted maxillary central incisors were shown by linear regression analysis to be crown height (β = −0.2, p < 0.01), crown depth (β = −0.3, p = 0.001), treatment duration (β = 0.2, p < 0.01), and root dilacerations (β = 3.1, p = 0.001).Conclusions –  Impacted maxillary central incisors had greater root resorption during surgical‐orthodontic treatment than their naturally erupted contralateral incisors. Predictors of a greater root resorption were highly and deeply impacted incisors, longer treatment, and root dilacerations. These predictors may help to inform patient and family counseling before treatment.
Normalization Fifty Years Beyond—Current Trends in the Nordic Countries
Authors: Tøssebro Jan , Bonfils Inge S. , Teittinen Antti , Tideman Magnus , Traustadóttir Rannveig , Vesala Hannu T. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe authors discuss recent developments in services for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in the Nordic countries. They note that all of the countries saw important reforms during the 1990s, regarding both deinstitutionalization and decentralization. However, they posit that the litmus test of the reforms is not what happens during reform years, but after the reform energy decreases and political attention fades. Thus, developments after 2000 are of particular interest. The comparative analysis is based on research reviews in the five Nordic countries. The analysis observed a trend toward larger group homes and congregations, inequality across municipalities, marketization, and new public management, but also an increasing emphasis on consumer rights and the use of the personal assistance scheme in services for people with ID. The authors conclude that diverging trends coexist, with improvements going together with significant setbacks. They explore the trends from a political science perspective and, in particular, note how they relate to recent shifts in public management and changing drivers of change.
System Dynamics Modeling for Intellectual Disability Services: A Case Study
Authors: Duryan Meri , Nikolik Dragan , van Merode Godefridus , Curfs Leopold 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOrganizations providing services to persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) are complex because of many interacting stakeholders with often different and competing interests. The combination of increased consumer demand and diminished resources makes organizational planning a challenge for the managers of such organizations. Such challenges are confounded by significant demands for the optimization of resources and the goal to reduce expenses and to more effectively and efficiently use existing resources while at the same time providing high quality services. The authors explore the possibilities of using “system dynamics modelling” in organizational decision‐making processes related to resource allocations. System dynamics suggests the application of generic systems archetypes as a first step in interpreting complex situations in an organization. The authors illustrate the application of this method via a case study in one provider organization in the Netherlands. The authors contend that such a modeling approach can be used by the management of similar organizations serving people with ID as a tool to support decision making that can result in optimal resource allocation.
Restriction on Restraints in the Care for People With Intellectual Disabilities in the Netherlands: Lessons Learned from Australia, UK, and United States
Authors: Romijn Anita , Frederiks Brenda J. M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn the Netherlands, physical/mechanical restraints in the care provided to people with intellectual disabilities are still in use, with the case of “Brandon” being a recent and illustrative example. The public debate that this case triggered raised questions concerning the policy proposal in the Care and Coercion Bill (Wetsvoorstel Zorg en dwang) and efforts to reduce the use of restraints. Thus, the authors undertook an inventory of government legislation and institutional regulations in order to obtain an insight into practices applying in other countries and to provide recommendations for developing policy on reducing the use of restraints in the care of people with intellectual disabilities in the Netherlands. Using a literature study, they observed that although the use of restraints in the care for people with intellectual disabilities is internationally regulated by the criterion of ultimum remedium, policy is clearly not always in line with practice. Various studies of best practices have identified some common elements in seeking to limit restrictive interventions, including strong leadership in care facilities based on national policy, trained staff, a strict monitoring system, and changes in attitudes on the use of restraints, with restraints being identified as treatment failure. The authors noted that the use of restraints, and efforts to reduce their use, is a dilemma internationally. In the Netherlands, the public debate on the use of restraints has not so far led to any significant political action. While decisions on a new legal framework still have to be made, it would be advisable to include a section on jurisdiction in the policy framework and to ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which has many implications for both policy and practice. In the meantime, care facilities can start working on implementation plans, including the best practices described in this study.
Differences in the Effects of Selective Logging on Amphibian Assemblages in Three West African Forest Types
Authors: Ofori‐Boateng Caleb , Oduro William , Hillers Annika , Norris Ken , Oppong Samuel K. , Adum Gilbert B. , Rödel Mark‐Oliver 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMaking generalizations about the impact of commercial selective logging on biodiversity has so far remained elusive. Species responses to logging depend on a number of factors, many of which have not been studied in detail. These factors may include the natural forest conditions (forest types) under which logging impacts are investigated; but this question has so far remained unexamined. In a large‐scale replicate study we aimed at clarifying the relationship between logging and forest types on leaf litter frogs. We contrast three distinct and naturally occurring forest types, including wet evergreen, moist evergreen and semi‐deciduous forests. Selectively logged sites were compared with primary forest sites for each forest type. We found that the response of frog communities to logging varies in different forest types. In the wet evergreen forest, richness was higher in logged forest than primary forest, while diversity measures were not different between logged and primary forest habitats. In the moist evergreen, richness and diversity were higher in selectively logged areas compared with primary forest habitats. In the semi‐deciduous, logged forests were characterized by drastic loss of forest specialists, reduced richness, and diversity. These results indicate that the net effect of logging varies with respect to forest type. Forest types that are characterized by adverse climatic conditions (i.e., low rainfall and protracted dry seasons) are more likely to produce negative effects on leaf litter anuran communities. For comparisons of the impact of logging on species to be effective, future research must endeavor to include details of forest type.
Poor knowledge and dietary practices related to iodine in breastfeeding mothers a year after introduction of mandatory fortification
Authors: AXFORD Samantha , CHARLTON Karen , YEATMAN Heather , MA Gary 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim:  Public health has refocused attention on low iodine status of vulnerable groups. The purpose of this research was to identify knowledge and dietary practices related to iodine nutrition in breastfeeding women in the Illawarra region following introduction of the mandatory iodine fortification programme.Methods:  A cross‐sectional study was undertaken at four early childhood centres. Sixty mothers in their first six months of breastfeeding completed a short knowledge questionnaire, an iodine‐specific food frequency questionnaire, and reported use of nutritional supplements.Results:  The women were generally limited in their ability to identify good dietary sources of iodine such as milk and bread but 45 women (75%) correctly identified seafood as a good source. There was some confusion in identifying health problems associated with insufficient iodine intake. Mean reported iodine intake was 146 mg/day (standard deviation: 58 mg; range: 43–342 mg); 48 women (80%) had intakes below the estimated average requirement of 190 mg/day. After allowance was made for fortification of bread, mean iodine intake significantly increased to 182 mg/day (P < 0.001) and the number of women having intakes below the estimated average requirement decreased to 36 (60%). Milk was the highest contributor to iodine intake, on average representing 62% of total iodine consumed. Only 27 (45%) mothers reported consuming supplements that contained iodine.Conclusion:  The combination of inadequate knowledge regarding iodine and the limited use of iodine supplements highlights a potential public health issue of concern. However, mandatory fortification may be overcoming this knowledge and behaviour deficit.
Green and amber foods: The nutritional content of food and beverages registered for sale in New South Wales school canteens with Healthy Kids Association
Authors: INNES‐HUGHES Christine , HEBDEN Lana , KING Lesley , GRUNSEIT Anne , BOLGER Grace 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to describe key nutritional characteristics of food and beverage products registered with the product registration scheme of Healthy Kids Association (formerly the New South Wales School Canteen Association).Methods:  The nutritional characteristics of Healthy Kids Association's registered products as of October 2009 were examined. Nutrient content data were obtained from product nutrition information panels, for each product within popular product subcategories. The level of key nutrients (including saturated fat, sugar, calcium and fibre) was identified and analysed in relation to the nutrient criteria threshold levels for green and amber food categories. The distribution of nutrients in relation to the food category thresholds was examined.Results:  For most product subcategories, the nutrient content of products clustered just below the nutrient criteria thresholds for total energy, saturated fat, sodium and sugar. The nutrient content for the positive nutrients calcium and fibre frequently clustered just above the threshold. In addition, small package sizes were found to be common among food classified as amber.Conclusion:  This study illustrates a method for analysing and describing the range and nutrient profile of products registered with a product registration or nutrition signposting scheme. The distribution of key nutrients around criteria thresholds suggests that products are formulated with reference to the nutrient thresholds of the product registration scheme. However, nutrient thresholds may also be achieved through manufacturing smaller portion sizes. The potential of nutrient thresholds as levers to influence the nutritional profile of foods needs further research and industry dialogue.
Comparing attitudes to fish consumption between clinical trial participants and non‐trial individuals
Authors: NEALE Elizabeth P. , NOLAN‐CLARK Deborah , PROBST Yasmine C. , BATTERHAM Marijka J. , TAPSELL Linda C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim:  The study aims to investigate attitudes and perceptions influencing fish consumption in a sample of clinical trial participants and compare these perceptions to those expressed by a sample of adults not involved in the trial.Methods:  Six semi‐structured focus groups were conducted; three with participants of a weight loss trial which incorporated specific and general fish consumption advice (n = 15) and three with non‐trial participants from the same study population (n = 14). All data were recorded digitally and transcribed verbatim by the moderator. Data analysis was carried out using NVivo (QSR International Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia). Factors influencing fish consumption were coded into a number of sub‐themes and themes.Results:  The main factors that influenced fish consumption were health impact, the cost of consuming fish and seafood products, the physical and sensory characteristics of fish, food preferences of family members, and the culinary positions of fish and seafood.Conclusion:  This study highlighted attitudes and perceptions that may influence fish consumption. A clinical trial incorporating dietetic intervention appeared to influence the importance participants placed on nutrition education; however, additional practical strategies may be required to address barriers to consumption such as perceived price and availability.
Improving food services for elderly, long‐stay patients in Australian hospitals: Adding food fortification, assistance with packaging and feeding assistance
Authors: WALTON Karen , WILLIAMS Peter , TAPSELL Linda 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim:  The study aims to highlight barriers and feasible opportunities to enhance nutrition support of elderly, long‐stay patients in Australian hospitals.Methods:  A total of 218 dietitians, nurse unit managers and food service managers from medical and rehabilitation wards of 184 hospitals completed a web‐based survey about current practices, perceived barriers and priority opportunities to enhance nutrition support in their context.Results:  Cook‐fresh food was the most commonly reported food‐service system (50%). Eighty‐eight percent still used paper menus and one‐ or two‐week cycles were the most common menu cycle lengths. Lack of choice due to special diet, boredom arising from the length of stay, a lack of feeding assistance, limited variety and inadequate flexibility of food service were the key barriers identified. Food fortification, assistance with packaging, additional feeding assistance by nurses, non‐nursing feeding assistance and further nutrition assessment were key priorities for improvement.Conclusion:  A ‘toolbox’ of strategies is needed as no one intervention will improve nutrition support of all patients. Further practice‐based outcomes and cost‐benefit studies are needed to enhance support and advocacy for feasible food service interventions in the future.
Alterations in the Sarcoplasmic Protein Fraction of Beef Muscle with Postmortem Aging and Hydrodynamic Pressure Processing
Authors: Bowker Brian C. , Fahrenholz Timothy M. , Sarnoski Paul J. , Solomon Morse B. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract:  Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) analyses were utilized to detect differences in the sarcoplasmic protein fractions of beef strip loins subjected to aging and hydrodynamic pressure processing (HDP) treatments. At 48 h postmortem, strip loins (n= 12) were halved and subjected to control or HDP treatments. Following treatment, each half was divided into 3 portions which were aged for 0, 5, and 8 d. After each aging period, steaks were removed for Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) analysis and for the extraction of sarcoplasmic proteins which were analyzed by CE and RP‐HPLC. Aging by HDP interactions were not detected using either separation technique. With CE analysis, no HDP effects were observed; however, the relative peak area of 8 protein peaks ranging in size from 17 to >200 kDa were influenced by postmortem aging. Separation of proteins by RP‐HPLC demonstrated that HDP influenced the relative size of 2 protein peaks while postmortem aging effects were observed in 6 peaks. Alterations in the sarcoplasmic protein fractions detected by both CE and RP‐HPLC were correlated to WBSF measurements. Overall, data demonstrate that HDP has minimal effects on sarcoplasmic proteins and that aging related changes in the water soluble protein fractions of muscle may be useful as indirect indicators of beef tenderness.Practical Application:  Using 2 different postmortem tenderization techniques, aging and hydrodynamic pressure processing, this study demonstrates that postmortem changes in the soluble protein fraction of beef may be useful as potential indicators of meat tenderness.
The Application of Computer Color Matching Techniques to the Matching of Target Colors in a Food Substrate: A First Step in the Development of Foods with Customized Appearance
Authors: Kim Sandra , Golding Matt , Archer Richard H. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract:  A predictive color matching model based on the colorimetric technique was developed and used to calculate the concentrations of primary food dyes needed in a model food substrate to match a set of standard tile colors. This research is the first stage in the development of novel three‐dimensional (3D) foods in which color images or designs can be rapidly reproduced in 3D form. Absorption coefficients were derived for each dye, from a concentration series in the model substrate, a microwave‐baked cake. When used in a linear, additive blending model these coefficients were able to predict cake color from selected dye blends to within 3 ΔE*ab,10 color difference units, or within the limit of a visually acceptable match. Absorption coefficients were converted to pseudo X10, Y10, and Z10 tri‐stimulus values (X10P, Y10P, Z10P) for colorimetric matching. The Allen algorithm was used to calculate dye concentrations to match the X10P, Y10P, and Z10P values of each tile color. Several recipes for each color were computed with the tile specular component included or excluded, and tested in the cake. Some tile colors proved out‐of‐gamut, limited by legal dye concentrations; these were scaled to within legal range. Actual differences suggest reasonable visual matches could be achieved for within‐gamut tile colors. The Allen algorithm, with appropriate adjustments of concentration outputs, could provide a sufficiently rapid and accurate calculation tool for 3D color food printing.Practical Application:  The predictive color matching approach shows potential for use in a novel embodiment of 3D food printing in which a color image or design could be rendered within a food matrix through the selective blending of primary dyes to reproduce each color element. The on‐demand nature of this food application requires rapid color outputs which could be provided by the color matching technique, currently used in nonfood industries, rather than by empirical food industry methods.