bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical 3D transient elastodynamic fundamental solution of unsaturated soils
Authors: Ashayeri Iman , Kamalian Mohsen , Jafari Mohammad Kazem , Gatmiri Behrouz 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUnsaturated soils are considered as porous continua, composed of porous skeleton with its pores filled by water and air. The governing partial differential equations (PDE) are derived based on the mechanics for isothermal and infinitesimal evolution of unsaturated porous media in terms of skeleton displacement vector, liquid, and gas scalar pressures. Meanwhile, isotropic linear elastic behavior and liquid retention curve are presented in terms of net stress and capillary pressure as constitutive relations. Later, an explicit 3D Laplace transform domain fundamental solution is obtained for governing PDE and then closed‐form analytical transient 3D fundamental solution is presented by means of analytical inverse Laplace transform technique. Finally, a numerical example is presented to validate the assumptions used to derive the analytical solution by comparing them with the numerically inverted ones. The transient fundamental solutions represent important features of the elastic wave propagation theory in the unsaturated soils. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclophosphamide monotherapy in children with Burkitt lymphoma: A study from the French–African Pediatric Oncology Group (GFAOP)
Authors: Traoré Fousseyni , Coze Carole , Atteby Jean‐Jacques , André Nicolas , Moreira Claude , Doumbe Pierre , Ravelomanana Noeline , Ye Diarra , Patte Catherine , Raquin Marie‐Anne , Raphael Martine , Lemerle Jean 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe French African Group of Pediatric Oncology was set‐up to improve quality of care for children with cancer. Preliminary observations on the efficacy in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) of a cyclophosphamide monotherapy (CPM) have been published. We report the results of a multicentric prospective study combining first‐line CPM and a multidrug second‐line chemotherapy (SC) for refractory/relapsed patients.ProcedurePatients ≤18 years with Burkitt or Burkitt‐like lymphoma, were included in six countries (Burkina‐Faso, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mali, and Senegal). All patients received three weekly CPM courses (1.2 g/m2 IV with intrathecal methotrexate and hydrocortisone), stage 3/4 patients received three further courses. SC added methotrexate, vincristine, cytarabine, and prednisone.ResultsThere were 178 patients included (42 stage 1/2, 134 stage 3/4, and 2 unknown). Isolated facial localization was found in 41 patients, diffuse abdominal involvement in 120 patients including 65 with both. Nine early deaths were reported, toxicity occurred in 136/743 courses (83 patients) and was predominantly hematological. After CPM, complete remission (CR) rate was 47% with a 33% EFS. Because of rapid progression 76/108 eligible patients (85 primary refractory and 23 relapses) received SC resulting in 35.7% CR but a 21% toxic death rate. The OS of the whole strategy was 50.5% and correlated to stage.ConclusionA prospective multicentric study on BL was feasible in very low‐income countries. CPM can be recommended in stage 1–2 because of optimal cost/benefit ratio. However, more intensive strategies, still adapted to socio‐economic conditions, are required for advanced stages 3 and 4. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;56:70–76. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multi‐modal intervention for the inpatient management of sickle cell pain significantly decreases the rate of acute chest syndrome
Authors: Reagan Mary M. , DeBaun Michael R. , Frei‐Jones Melissa J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIntroductionPain in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is the leading cause of acute care visits and hospitalizations. Pain episodes are a risk factor for the development of acute chest syndrome (ACS), contributing to morbidity and mortality in SCD. Few strategies exist to prevent this complication.MethodsWe performed a before‐and‐after prospective multi‐modal intervention. All children with SCD admitted for pain during the 2‐year study period were eligible. The multi‐modal intervention included standardized admission orders, monthly house staff education, and one‐on‐one patient and caregiver education.ResultsA total of 332 admissions for pain occurred during the study period; 159 before the intervention and 173 during the intervention. The ACS rate declined by 50% during the intervention period 25% (39 of 159) to 12% (21 of 173); P = 0.003. Time to ACS development increased from 0.8 days (0.03–5.2) to 1.7 days (0.03–5.8); P = 0.047. No significant difference was found in patient demographics, intravenous fluid amount administered, frequency of normal saline bolus administration, or cumulative opioid amount delivered in the first 24 hr. Patient controlled analgesia‐use was more common after the intervention 52% (82 of 159) versus 73% (126 of 173; P = 0.0001) and fewer patients required changes in analgesic dosing within the first 24 hr after admission (26%, 42 of 159 vs. 16%, 28 of 173; P = 0.015).ConclusionsA multi‐modal intervention to educate and subsequently change physician's behavior likely decreased the rate of ACS in the setting of a single teaching hospital. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:262–266. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neutrophil functions in patients with inherited bone marrow failure syndromes
Authors: Rochowski Andrzej , Sun Chunxiang , Glogauer Michael , Alter Blanche P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) include Fanconi anemia, dyskeratosis congenita, Diamond–Blackfan anemia, and Shwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS). Previous studies reported decreased neutrophil chemotaxis in patients with SDS; there are no reports of neutrophil function in other IBMFS. In this study we examined neutrophil respiratory burst function in IBMFS patients.ProcedureSamples from 43 IBMFS patients and 61 healthy family members were collected, shipped, and analyzed within 24 hr. We also studied samples from 12 healthy control persons immediately after collection. Neutrophils were stimulated with phorbol 12‐myristate acetate (PMA) and N‐formyl‐methyonyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP), and respiratory burst analyzed by reduction of dihydro‐rhodamine and cytochrome c.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the degree of fMLP or PMA‐driven respiratory burst activity between each of the IBMFS subgroups and their respective family members. There was also no difference in respiratory burst activity between any IBMFS, pooled group of all healthy family members and healthy controls.ConclusionsNeutrophil respiratory burst activity from IBMFS patients does not differ from that of healthy family members and controls. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 306–309. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Introduction of a disulfide bond leads to stabilization and crystallization of a ricin immunogen
Authors: Compton Jaimee R. , Legler Patricia M. , Clingan Benjamin V. , Olson Mark A. , Millard Charles B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRTA1‐33/44‐198 is a catalytically inactive, single‐domain derivative of the ricin toxin A‐chain (RTA) engineered to serve as a stable protein scaffold for presentation of native immunogenic epitopes (Olson et al., Protein Eng Des Sel 2004;17:391–397). To improve the stability and solubility of RTA1‐33/44‐198 further, we have undertaken the design challenge of introducing a disulfide (SS) bond. Nine pairs of residues were selected for placement of the SS‐bond based on molecular dynamics simulation studies of the modeled single‐domain chain. Disulfide formation at either of two positions (R48C/T77C or V49C/E99C) involving a specific surface loop (44–55) increased the protein melting temperature by ∼5°C compared with RTA1‐33/44‐198 and by ∼13°C compared with RTA. Prolonged stability studies of the R48C/T77C variant (>60 days at 37°C, pH 7.4) confirmed a >40% reduction in self‐aggregation compared with RTA1‐33/44‐198 lacking the SS‐bond. The R48C/T77C variant retained affinity for anti‐RTA antibodies capable of neutralizing ricin toxin, including a monoclonal that recognizes a human B‐cell epitope. Introduction of either R48C/T77C or V49C/E99C promoted crystallization of RTA1‐33/44‐198, and the X‐ray structures of the variants were solved to 2.3Å or 2.1 Å resolution, respectively. The structures confirm formation of an intramolecular SS‐bond, and reveal a single‐domain fold that is significantly reduced in volume compared with RTA. Loop 44 to 55 is partly disordered as predicted by simulations, and is positioned to form self‐self interactions between symmetry‐related molecules. We discuss the importance of RTA loop 34 to 55 as a nucleus for unfolding and aggregation, and draw conclusions for ongoing structure‐based minimalist design of RTA‐based immunogens. Proteins 2011. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonsingular fast terminal sliding‐mode control for nonlinear dynamical systems
Authors: Yang Liang , Yang Jianying 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates fast finite‐time control of nonlinear dynamics using terminal sliding‐mode (TSM) scheme. Some new norms of fast TSM strategies are proposed, and a faster convergence rate is established in comparison with the conventional fast TSM. A novel concept of nonsingular fast TSM, which is able to avoid the possible singularity during the control phase, is adopted in the robust high‐precision control of uncertain nonlinear systems. Numerical simulation on a two‐link rigid robot manipulator demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal variations in organic carbon utilization by consumers in a lowland river
Authors: Hladyz S. , Nielsen D. L. , Suter P. J. , Krull E. S. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTUnderstanding temporal trophic interactions in riverine food webs is essential for predicting river ecosystem function and improving management of these ecosystems. Temporal changes in energy flows through riverine food webs are readily assumed but are rarely tested. Temporal variability in food webs from two reaches of a lowland river (Ovens River, south‐eastern Australia) with differing levels of floodplain connectivity were examined over 12 months. We investigated how seasonal changes, flow variability and floodplain connectivity influence (i) stable isotope signatures of basal organic carbon sources (terrestrial sources: trees and grasses; aquatic sources: seston, biofilm and filamentous algae) and consumers (macroinvertebrates and fish) and (ii) the relative proportions of organic carbon sources contributing to consumer biomass using mixing models. We hypothesized (i) that during high flows, increased floodplain connectivity would increase the lateral exchange of terrestrial carbon subsidies to main channel consumers and (ii) that during low flow periods, main channel consumers would derive the majority of their carbon from aquatic benthic sources. Results indicated that isotope signatures for basal sources and for most of the consumers varied temporally and spatially. Mixing models indicated that increased floodplain connectivity did not increase terrestrial subsidies to consumers during high flows. Seston was the primary source during high flows whilst terrestrial vegetation increased in importance during low flows. Filamentous algae was also important during low flows for some consumers. These findings indicate that it is essential to include temporal variability in order to understand energy flows in lowland rivers, thus allowing for the dynamic nature of these ecosystems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The shortest distance in random multi‐type intersection graphs
Authors: Barbour A.D. , Reinert G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUsing an associated branching process as the basis of our approximation, we show that typical inter‐point distances in a multi‐type random intersection graph have a defective distribution, which is well described by a mixture of translated and scaled Gumbel distributions, the missing mass corresponding to the event that the vertices are not in the same component of the graph. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 39, 179–209, 2011
On the three‐arm non‐inferiority trial including a placebo with a prespecified margin
Authors: Hida Eisuke , Tango Toshiro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThree‐arm trials including the experimental treatment, an active reference treatment and a placebo are recommended in the guidelines of the ICH and EMEA/CPMP as a useful approach to the assessment of assay sensitivity. Generally, the acceptable non‐inferiority margin Δ has been defined as the maximum clinically irrelevant difference between treatments in many two‐arm non‐inferiority trials. However, many recent articles discussing three‐arm trials have considered a design with unknown Δ which is the prespecified fraction f of unknown effect size of the reference drug, where the prespecified fraction f is treated as if it were a revised margin. Therefore, these methods cannot be applied to the case where the acceptable non‐inferiority margin must be a prespecified difference between treatments.In this paper, we propose a statistical test procedure for three‐arm non‐inferiority trials with the margin Δ defined as a prespecified difference between treatments under the situation that the primary endpoints are normally distributed with a common, but unknown, variance. In addition, we derive the optimal allocation that minimizes the total sample size. The proposed method is illustrated with data on a randomized controlled trial on major depressive disorder. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empirical likelihood ratio test for median and mean residual lifetime
Authors: Zhou Mai , Jeong Jong‐Hyeon 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPrompted by several recent papers on the inference on median and mean residual life time, we note that the testing involving the mean or median residual life function in censored survival data can be obtained by an easy application of the general empirical likelihood ratio test. This approach has several advantages: (1) There is no need to estimate the variance/covariance at all, which may become prohibitively complicated for other procedures that require the estimation of such. (2) When inverting the tests to obtain confidence regions/intervals, this procedure inherits all the good properties of a likelihood ratio test. (3) Free software implementation of the test is readily available. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elevated umbilical cord serum TARC/CCL17 levels predict the development of atopic dermatitis in infancy
Authors: Miyahara H. , Okazaki N. , Nagakura T. , Korematsu S. , Izumi T. 
Published: November 2010

Cite this as: H. Miyahara, N. Okazaki,T. Nagakura, S. Korematsu and T. Izumi,Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 186–191.SummaryBackground
Thymus‐and‐activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC; CCL17) is related to both allergy and pregnancy, but the relationships of maternal and umbilical cord blood CCL17 to atopic dermatitis (AD) development have not yet been examined.Objective
Seventy paired full‐term and normal vaginal delivery newborns and their mothers were enrolled in this study.Methods
To elucidate the pathogenesis and fetomaternal inheritance of AD in infancy, CCL17, IFN‐γ‐inducible protein 10 kDa (IP‐10; CXCL10), soluble HLA‐G (sHLA‐G), IgE and eosinophil counts were examined using sera from 70 paired umbilical cord and maternal blood samples.Results
Serum CCL17 (rs=0.340, P<0.001) and sHLA‐G (rs=0.600, P<0.001) levels showed high correlations between umbilical cord and maternal blood. Umbilical cord serum levels of CCL17 from neonates destined to develop AD in infancy were higher than in those from neonates who showed no signs of AD during infancy (median 1586.9 vs. 819.6 pg/mL, P<0.001). Serum levels of CCL17 were higher in mothers with AD than in those without AD (median 909.6 vs. 214.1 pg/mL, P<0.001). High umbilical cord serum levels of CCL17 were associated with infantile AD development even in 62 neonates born to mothers without AD (median 1514.4 vs. 740.6 pg/mL, P<0.001) and 38 neonates born to mothers with no allergies (median 1624.2 vs. 740.6 pg/mL, P<0.001). The summary estimates for umbilical cord serum CCL17 in the diagnosis of infantile AD were: sensitivity 85.7% (95% confidence interval: 72.8–98.7), specificity 73.8% (60.5–87.1), positive predictive value 68.6% (53.2–84.0) and negative predictive value 88.6% (78.0–99.1).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance
These findings suggest that the umbilical cord blood CCL17 may be involved in the pathogenesis of infantile AD and in fetomaternal inheritance. Serum levels of CCL17 from umbilical cord blood may be a predictive marker for AD in infancy.
Ductal adenomas of salivary gland showing features of striated duct differentiation (‘striated duct adenoma’): a report of six cases
Authors: Weinreb Ilan , Simpson Roderick H , Skálová Alena , Perez‐Ordoñez Bayardo , Dardick Irving , Chetty Runjan , Hunt Jennifer L 
Published: November 2010

Weinreb I, Simpson R H, Skálová A, Perez‐Ordoñez B, Dardick I, Chetty R & Hunt J L (2010) Histopathology 57, 707–715 Ductal adenomas of salivary gland showing features of striated duct differentiation (‘striated duct adenoma’): a report of six casesAims:  To describe a salivary adenoma composed largely of unilayered ducts resembling striated ducts, and to differentiate it from similar adenomas, including canalicular and intercalated duct adenoma.Methods and results:  Six unilayered ductal adenomas were identified in parotid (four) and palate (two). They were encapsulated, ranged from 0.5 to 3.0 cm and composed of closely apposed ducts with virtually no stroma. The ducts varied in size and showed cysts up to 0.1 cm. The cells were eosinophilic and bland. Prominent cell membranes, reminiscent of ‘striations’ of normal striated ducts, were seen. The typical epithelial ‘beading’ pattern with abundant stroma of canalicular adenoma was absent. The tumours expressed keratins (six of six) and S100 (five of six). Smooth muscle actin (SMA) revealed no myoepithelial cells. Two tumours showed focal bilayered ducts with calponin or smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, but the tumours were largely unilayered. Only isolated cells in three tumours were positive with p63; a pattern identical to striated ducts. In contrast, the normal excretory and intercalated ducts all contained diffuse bilayering with basal or myoepithelial markers.Conclusions:  Striated duct adenomas are unilayered ductal tumours that recapitulate normal striated ducts.
Histidine‐rich glycoprotein binding to T‐cell lines and its effect on T‐cell substratum adhesion is strongly potentiated by zinc
Authors: OLSEN H. M. , PARISH C. R. , ALTIN J. G. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryHistidine‐rich glycoprotein (HRG), a plasma protein that binds heparin and divalent cations, has been implicated in immune regulation through its ability to modulate complement function, macrophage Fc receptor expression and phagocytosis, and its ability to inhibit the proliferation of human peripheral blood T cells in vitro. In the present work we used fluorescence flow cytometry to study the binding of human HRG to the human T‐cell lines Jurkat and MT4, and to the murine antigen‐specific T‐cell clone D10, and to study the effect of divalent cations zinc and copper on this binding. Our results show that HRG binds strongly to these cell lines at 4°, and that the binding is markedly potentiated by physiological concentrations of zinc (20 μM), and to a lesser extent by copper (10 μM). In contrast to previous studies, HRG binding was largely inhibited by 50 μg/ml heparin, both in the absence and in the presence of zinc, suggesting that HRG interacts primarily through glycosaminoglycans on the T‐cell surface. Studies using confocal fluorescence microscopy indicated that following incubation of MT4 cells with HRG in the presence of zinc at 4°, the HRG was localized exclusively at the plasma membrane, but was actively internalized after incubation at 37°. Interestingly, HRG interfered with the ability of D10 cells to adhere to tissue culture plastic, as well as to laminin‐, collagen‐ or fibronectin‐coated culture dishes. This effect was markedly potentiated by 20 μM zinc, and was partially reversed by heparin. The results suggest that zinc markedly potentiates the binding of HRG to T cells, and that HRG and zinc may play an important role in regulating the adhesion of T cells to other cells and the extracellular matrix.
Effect of adoptive transfer of CD4, CD8 and B cells on recovery from MHV3‐induced immunodeficiencies
Authors: LAMONTAGNE L. , JOLICOEUR P. , DECARIE D. , MENEZES J. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryA chronic viral infection can occur when the host fails to mount an effective immune response to clear the virus. Mouse hepatitis virus type 3 (MHV3) appears to be an excellent model for the study of the relationship between viral‐induced immunodeficiency and chronic disease development. (C57BL/6 x A/J)F1 mice surviving acute hepatitis develop a chronic disease characterized by T‐and B‐cell immunodeficiencies, viral persistence in various organs including the brain, spleen and thymus, and death within 3 months postinfection (p.i.). We have reported that T‐ or B‐cell deficiencies, observed in MHV3 chronically infected (C57BL/6 x A/J)F1 mice, can be partially or totally thwarted by adoptive transfer of CD4+, CD8+ and/or B cells, at 15 days p.i. in mice surviving the acute phase of the disease. Adoptive transfer of syngeneic CD4+ and/or CD8+ allowed a partial restoration of the T‐cell deficiencies, as characterized by thymic atrophy, decrease in splenic T cells, and in all thymocyte subpopulations. B‐cell immunodeficiency, as defined by a decrease in splenic B cells, as well as in the bone marrow pre‐B‐ and B‐cell compartments, and the occurrence of abnormally larger forms of bone marrow pre‐B and B cells, were partially thwarted by B‐cell treatment only. Splenic B cells and the bone marrow B‐cell compartment, respectively, returned partially or totally to normal values, whereas the pre‐B‐cell compartment remained depleted in infected mice treated with B cells. Levels of all immunoglobulin classes returned to normal values in MHV3 chronically infected mice when treated with CD4+ in combination with CD8+ cells. All T‐ and/or B‐cell treatments, however, were sufficient to thwart the process of the chronic disease, and favoured the survival of mice for up to 6 months p.i.
Differentiation between MHC‐restricted and non‐MHC‐restricted porcine cytolytic T lymphocytes
Authors: PAULY T. , WEILAND E. , HIRT W. , DREYER‐BUX C. , MAURER S. , SUMMERFIELD A. , SAALMÜLLER A. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryThe immune system of swine is unique in that the expression of CD4 and CD8 antigens defines four subpopulations of resting extrathymic T lymphocytes. Beyond phenotypic differences to other species, porcine T lymphocytes, particularly when derived from infected animals, are known to show high non‐specific cytolytic in vitro activity. Here we describe the putative porcine CD6 antigen (workshop CD6; wCD6) which enables a phenotypic separation of T lymphocytes responsible for major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐restricted and non‐MHC‐restricted cytotoxicity. The putative porcine CD6 analogue, wCD6, a protein with a molecular mass of 110000, shows high specificity for T lymphocytes and is neither expressed on B lymphocytes nor on cells of the myeloid lineage. In the extrathymic T‐lymphocyte compartment wCD6 characterizes two T‐lymphocyte fractions: wCD6+ T lymphocytes including both CD4+ T‐helper cell subpopulations (CD4+CD8− and CD4+CD8+) and within the CD4−CD8+ fraction cells with high CD8 antigen density. In contrast the CD4−CD8− γ/Δ T‐cell receptor (TCR) subset and CD4−CD8+ cells with low CD8 antigen density are included in the wCD6− T‐lymphocyte fraction. Functional studies with separated wCD6 fractions revealed that the wCD6− cells can be characterized by spontaneous and non‐MHC restricted cytolytic activity, whereas the wCD6+ T lymphocytes are responsible for MHC‐restricted T‐cell functions. Thus, the porcine wCD6 is an important antigen to discriminate between MHC‐restricted and non‐MHC‐restricted cytotoxicity.