bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine allergens in farmed seaweed: considerations for precautionary labelling
Authors: Mildenberger Jennifer , Rebours Céline 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Seaweed aquaculture is growing and an increasing number of seaweed products is introduced on the food market. Contamination by marine allergens is a concern for the food industry and recommendations are missing on if and how products need to be labelled to assure food safety. Two species of kelp were sampled from four farms along the Norwegian coastline during two consecutive years. The samples were quantified for their content of crustacean and mollusc tropomyosin and fish parvalbumin by commercial ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kits. All three seafood allergens were detected in several kelp samples with high variation, but without a specific pattern. We also studied samples in relation to their location within one farm, seeding methods, algae parts and a shifted harvesting period, with some aspects leading to differences. Samples were also analysed after blanching and fermentation at one studied farm and drying and powdering at a food processor. No major changes in allergen levels were observed after blanching and fermentation, but sample numbers might have been limiting. Homogenisation in larger quantities led to less variation between replicates, however, cross-contamination needs to be avoided. Detected marine allergens in the studied samples were below critical levels associated with an allergenic risk and would not require labelling according to the widely used VITAL (Voluntary Incidental Trace Allergen Labelling) guideline. However, this consideration is the responsibility of the food producer and needs to be based on analyses done for each batch of products as part of the general food safety evaluation.
The New Organization of Ethics Committees in Italy: What is the Future of Clinical Ethics?
Authors: Refolo Pietro , Raimondi Costanza , Sacchini Dario , Spagnolo Antonio Gioacchino 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
In Italy, clinical ethics is not well institutionalized. On February 7, 2023, the Italian Ministry of Health published four long-awaited decrees regarding the reorganization of ethics committees. Aim: The aim of this article is twofold: firstly, we aim to briefly summarize the development of clinical ethics in Italy from a legislative point of view; secondly, we aim to examine how Italian regions are implementing the part of the new decrees on the organization of ethics committees that concerns clinical ethics. Methods: As for the first aim, we conducted a critical interpretive review (CIR). The search was restricted to the opinions offered by the Italian National Bioethics Committee (CNB) and to the major Italian legislative decrees on the topic. Regarding the second aim, we conducted an online search through Regional Official Bulletins of each Italian region. Results: Our analysis showed that despite the recommendations from the CNB to differentiate Research Ethics Committees (RECs) and Clinical Ethics Committees (CECs), over the years legislative attention has mainly focused on RECs and pharmacological matters. The new decrees allow regions to be flexible in organizing their activities. However, it emerged that only four regions (Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Puglia, Emilia-Romagna) have split the roles, while all the other regions have entrusted both roles to a single committee. Conclusion: The risk for Italy is to take a step backward in the development of clinical ethics. Possible solutions could be either making Local Ethics Committees (CELs) mandatory or institutionalizing Ethics Consultation services (ECSs).
The effectiveness and reliability of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following chemotherapy in managing malignant lymphoma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmed Hend , Shafiey Ahmed S. , Abdelrahim Mohamed E. A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is a valuable treatment option for several hematological malignancies, particularly in relapsed or refractory cases. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is effective in improving survival rates in selected patients, particularly those with aggressive lymphomas and multiple myeloma. Studies suggest AHSCT may outperform alternative therapies, but ongoing research is essential to refine patient selection. Many patients enjoy prolonged remission and improved quality of life, indicating the need for long-term follow-up to assess late effects and overall survival. This work aimed to establish meta-analysis to methodically evaluate the safety and effectiveness of autologous stem cell therapy (AHSCT) in the management of malignant lymphoma following high-dose chemotherapy and to produce reliable findings that may serve as a foundation for clinical application and reference.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed from February 2017 to August 2024, and malignant lymphoma was identified as the study subjects' diagnosis. The experimental group was identified as AHSCT afterwards high-dose chemotherapy, while the control group underwent standard chemotherapy (with no restrictions on the chemotherapy regimen). The outcome indicators were progression-free survival (PFS), complete remission rate (complete response (CR) + partial response (PR)), and overall survival (OS).

Results
Fifteen literature pieces in all, consisting of 1229 subjects in the control group and 896 subjects in the experimental group, were included. Conventional chemotherapy (chemotherapy regimen not limited) was the intervention strategy used in the control group. The odds ratio (OR) was 2.23, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of [1.54, 3.22], Z = 4.25; P < 0.0001, indicating that the groups differed in overall survival and progression-free survival rates. Similarly, the progression-free survival rate was 2.70, with a 95% CI of 1.86–3.92, Z = 4.25; P < 0.0001, and overall survival was 2.23.

Conclusions
Patients with malignant lymphoma who receive chemotherapy can substantially extend their overall survival and progression-free survival rates with AHSCT treatment.
On fundamental aspects of quantum extreme learning machines
Authors: Xiong Weijie , Facelli Giorgio , Sahebi Mehrad , Agnel Owen , Chotibut Thiparat , Thanasilp Supanut , Holmes Zoë 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Quantum extreme learning machines (QELMs) have emerged as a promising framework for quantum machine learning. Their appeal lies in the rich feature map induced by the dynamics of a quantum substrate—the quantum reservoir—and the efficient post-measurement training via linear regression. Here, we study the expressivity of QELMs by decomposing the prediction of QELMs into a Fourier series. We show that the achievable Fourier frequencies are determined by the data encoding scheme, while Fourier coefficients depend on both the reservoir and the measurement. Notably, the expressivity of QELMs is fundamentally limited by the number of Fourier frequencies and the number of observables, while the complexity of the prediction hinges on the reservoir. As a cautionary note on scalability, we identify four sources that can lead to the exponential concentration of the observables as the system size grows (randomness, hardware noise, entanglement, and global measurements) and show how this can turn QELMs into useless input-agnostic oracles. In particular, our result on the reservoir-induced concentration strongly indicates that quantum reservoirs drawn from a highly random ensemble make QELM models unscalable. Our analysis elucidates the potential and fundamental limitations of QELMs and lays the groundwork for systematically exploring quantum reservoir systems for other machine learning tasks.
The ‘swastika epidemic’ of 1960 and the first major public debate about antisemitism in republican Italy
Authors: Palumbo Enrico 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In December 1959, several episodes of antisemitism occurred in West Germany. These events spread rapidly to other countries and were dubbed by newspapers the ‘swastika epidemic’. In Italy, the episodes sparked intense debate among the main political forces of the time, framing the interpretation of antisemitic episodes within a context that considered the comparison between the two countries, while also being influenced by the political transition of centrist governments shifting to the left and the transition of religious opinion on Jewish-Christian relations. The general and unanimous condemnation of antisemitism was accompanied by various interpretations of the racism of Fascist Italy and the historical responsibilities of the Catholic world. The result was an extremely fragmented picture, but with significant political and cultural implications in a year that would see the explosion of political violence.
Visions of Indian Economic Unity On the Eve of Partition: A Tale of Two Companies
Authors: Hussain Atiya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article examines Mahindra & Mohammed (now Mahindra & Mahindra) and the Muhammadi Steamship Company through a microhistory of late colonial Bombay. The paper reveals companies committed to the economic unity of India shortly before the anticolonial struggle culminated in the violent and chaotic Partition of British India in August 1947. In Bombay, the center of Indian industry and not typically associated with the Partition’s dislocations, economic partition was unanticipated even by economic actors closely allied with the Muslim League. The two firms examined here highlight the understudied impact of decolonization and the Partition of the sub-continent on Indian capitalism, and suggests that postcolonial territorial realities implied an economic rearticulation that has often been overlooked.
Singular NPs and the expression of genericity in Norwegian
Authors: Velnić Marta , Slabakova Roumyana , Dahl Anne , Listhaug Kjersti Faldet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper explores the capacity of singular noun phrases (NPs) to express genericity in Norwegian, examining how definite, indefinite, and bare singular forms map onto generic meanings. A timed acceptability judgment task was used to investigate how each form correlates with generic expressions, delving into the subtleties of their usage in native language. Thirty-three Norwegian native speakers completed the study. Our results indicate that all three NP forms can convey some type of generic meaning, but there are preferences in their application. The definite singular is well-suited for kind and characterizing generics, whereas the indefinite singular, though less favored, is still acceptable in characterizing and type-denoting contexts. The bare singular shows a strong inclination toward type-denoting meanings, possibly due to its intrinsic emphasis on types over individuals. We discuss the multifunctionality of Norwegian singular NPs and the implications of individual variation among native speakers for learners of Norwegian.
Shock Induced Metal Globules in Chang'e‐5 Impact Melt Splash and Implication for the Coalescence Growth of Submicroscopic Metal Particles in Lunar Soil
Authors: Yin Chengxiang , Fu Xiaohui , Cao Haijun , Lu Xuejin , Chen Jian , Zhang Jiang , Ling Zongcheng , Che Xiaochao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSubmicroscopic metallic iron particles (SMFe) are unique components of lunar soil produced during long‐term exposure on the Moon's surface. They can significantly alter the optical properties of lunar soil and this alteration is crucial for the interpretation of remote sensing data. The origin and formation of SMFe remain a subject of controversy, with multiple competing mechanisms coexisting. The newly returned Chang'e‐5 (CE‐5) samples provide a new opportunity to elucidate the formation of SMFe. Here, we conducted a systematical study on the morphology and chemical characteristics of metal globules in CE‐5 impact melt splash. A total of 30,630 metal globules were identified with an average diameter of 222.87 nm. Most of them are nearly/perfectly spherical, but the others are irregular in shape. Three types of irregular metal globules have been found: Spindle type, deformation type, and coalescence type. Spindle and deformation types were formed under the influence of local thermal disequilibrium and/or differences in wettability, while the coalescence type reflects the growth of metal globules driven by the Oswald ripening. A series of metal globules at different coalescence stages were found, providing conclusive petrographic evidence for the long‐term hypothesis of SMFe growth (e.g., Pieters & Noble, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016je005128). Geochemical analysis shows that meteoritic Fe‐Ni metals (like iron meteorite) made a significant contribution to the formation of metal globules. This further indicates the contribution of exotic meteoroid materials to the CE‐5 lunar soil.
Timing of Contractional Stress Propagation, From the Pyrenean Orogen to the Intraplate Domain, Evidenced by U‐Pb Dating of Syn‐Kinematic Calcite
Authors: Jullien‐Sicre Agathe , Missenard Yves , Blaise Thomas , Augier Romain , Parizot Oriane , Haurine Frédéric 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Mediterranean region provides a natural laboratory for studying complex deformation resulting from body forces and interactions between the convergence of the Africa and Eurasia plates since the Cretaceous. These interactions led to the formation of a mosaic of basins and orogenic domains, whose intrinsically complex evolution over time is still subject to debate. Investigating the timing of deformation recorded on both sides of an orogen, and within the intraplate domain, links local‐scale processes to regional geodynamic events. This study combines microstructural analysis and U‐Pb dating of syn‐kinematic calcite with implications for the timing of contractional stress propagation in the Pyrenean orogen and the whole of western Europe. While many U‐Pb dating studies on syn‐kinematic calcite have been conducted in the western intraplate domain, the northern part of the Pyrenees remains to be investigated, and, therefore, a strategic study area. This study highlights (a) continuous deformation from ca. 48 Ma to 30 Ma, marking the phase of continental collision between Iberia and Eurasia and (b) a newly evidenced post‐orogenic Miocene deformation episode, spanning from ca. 16 to 11 Ma. (c) Through a comparison of U‐Pb geochronological data from syn‐kinematic calcite in the pro‐foreland basin and the intraplate domain, this study shows that deformation occurred simultaneously at the plate boundaries and within a large part of the intraplate domain of the overriding plate. These results provide insights into the geodynamic evolution of the Pyrenean orogen and its implications for Mediterranean geodynamics.
Elevated serum levels of HIF-1α and VEGF as potential biomarkers in connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Shi Xiaofei , Ma Xin , Wang Huanhuan , He Xuegai , Fan Hua , Mao Yimin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We to measure the serum levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients diagnosed with connective tissue disease (CTD)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (CTD-PAH) and to analyze their clinical implications. Thirty patients who were diagnosed with CTD-PAH via right heart catheterization (RHC) were enrolled in the observation group. Additionally, twenty CTD patients without PAH (CTD-non-PAH) were enrolled in the CTD-non-PAH group, and twenty healthy participants were enrolled in the healthy control group. Additional data on CTD-PAH patients, including demographic characteristics, laboratory parameters, and hemodynamic measurements, were obtained. The serum levels of HIF-1α and VEGF in all participants were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pearson correlation was utilized to determine the correlation between the expression levels of these factors and clinical data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of expression of HIF-1α and VEGF for diagnosing CTD-PAH. Participants in the three groups were age-matched. The CTD-PAH group included 29 females and 1 male, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was the most prevalent CTD diagnosis (17/30). Serum levels of VEGF and HIF-1α were significantly greater in both CTD-PAH and CTD-non-PAH patients compared to the healthy controls (P < 0.01). In addition, the serum concentration of HIF-1α in the CTD-PAH group was significantly greater than that in the CTD-non-PAH group (248.86 ± 18.85 and 224.64 ± 12.22, respectively, P = 0.0022). Similarly, the serum concentration of VEGF in the CTD-PAH group was significantly greater than that in the CTD-non-PAH group (251.11 ± 48.37 and 222.120 ± 18.57, respectively, P = 0.0026). In patients with CTD-PAH, the concentrations of HIF-1α and VEGF are significantly positively correlated with mPAP (r = 0.81, r = 0.88). Both HIF-1α and VEGF concentrations were positively correlated with BNP levels (r = 0.5340, r = 0.6472) and negatively correlated with the 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) (r=-0.46, r=-0.47, respectively, P < 0.01). When VEGF and HIF-1α were combined, the diagnostic ROC curve yielded an AUC of 0.933. Increased serum levels of HIF-1α and VEGF were observed in CTD-PAH patients compared to CTD-non-PAH patients and healthy controls, which, along with their positive correlations with mPAP and BNP levels and negative correlations with the 6MWD, indicate their potential as biomarkers for diagnosing CTD-PAH.
Seasonal variation in Swedish sarcoidosis patients with severe hypercalcemia
Authors: Werner Joanna , Darlington Pernilla , Rivera Natalia , Eklund Anders , Smed-Sörensen Anna , Kullberg Susanna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sarcoidosis associated hypercalcemia (SAHC) is a challenging clinical problem as it can result in severe morbidity. Sunlight exposure and conversion of vitamin D to its active form by macrophages in granulomas have been suggested as possible causes. We aimed to disentangle mechanisms behind SAHC by investigating any associations with season, granuloma burden and lung macrophages. Patients with SAHC were identified from a local cohort. The patients were divided in two groups: mild and severe SAHC. Data on when SAHC occurred, HLA-DRB1 alleles, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) macrophages, extrapulmonary manifestations (EPM) and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (s-ACE) as a marker for granuloma burden were retrieved from medical records. Out of 83 patients with SAHC, severe hypercalcemia was found in 36 patients, 75% of whom presented between May and October (p < 0.001). No seasonal variation was observed for patients with mild hypercalcemia. Elevated s-ACE was more common in patients with severe hypercalcemia (84% of patients), compared to 46% in the group with mild hypercalcemia (p < 0.001). HLA-DRB1*04 was more frequent in the group with severe hypercalcemia, compared to the mild group (67% vs. 32%, p < 0.01). Results support SAHC being associated with sun exposure. Risk factors to be observant of are elevated s-ACE and HLA-DRB1*04.
Tri‐M2MT: Multi‐modalities based effective acute bilirubin encephalopathy diagnosis through multi‐transformer using neonatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Perumal Kumar , Mahendran Rakesh Kumar , Ahmad Khan Arfat , Kadry Seifedine 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAcute Bilirubin Encephalopathy (ABE) is a significant threat to neonates and it leads to disability and high mortality rates. Detecting and treating ABE promptly is important to prevent further complications and long‐term issues. Recent studies have explored ABE diagnosis. However, they often face limitations in classification due to reliance on a single modality of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). To tackle this problem, the authors propose a Tri‐M2MT model for precise ABE detection by using tri‐modality MRI scans. The scans include T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI), T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), and apparent diffusion coefficient maps to get indepth information. Initially, the tri‐modality MRI scans are collected and preprocessesed by using an Advanced Gaussian Filter for noise reduction and Z‐score normalisation for data standardisation. An Advanced Capsule Network was utilised to extract relevant features by using Snake Optimization Algorithm to select optimal features based on feature correlation with the aim of minimising complexity and enhancing detection accuracy. Furthermore, a multi‐transformer approach was used for feature fusion and identify feature correlations effectively. Finally, accurate ABE diagnosis is achieved through the utilisation of a SoftMax layer. The performance of the proposed Tri‐M2MT model is evaluated across various metrics, including accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, F1‐score, and ROC curve analysis, and the proposed methodology provides better performance compared to existing methodologies.
Therapie des high-risk Urothelkarzinoms des oberen Harntraktes
Authors: Ma Yanchun , Zengerling Friedemann 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Das Urothelkarzinom des oberen Harntrakts („upper tract urothelial carcinoma“, UTUC) stellt eine seltene Tumorerkrankung dar, die häufig erst in fortgeschrittenen Stadien diagnostiziert wird. Die Diagnostik basiert auf einer CT-Urografie, Spülzytologie aus dem oberen Harntrakt und einer Ureterorenoskopie (URS). Die Risikostratifizierung in eine Low- und High-Risk-UTUC dient als Grundlage für die Therapieentscheidung. Beim High-Risk-UTUC stellt die radikale Nephroureterektomie (RNU) mit Blasenmanschettenresektion den operativen Standard dar, wobei in selektionierten Fällen auch nierenerhaltene Verfahren erwogen werden können. Da die RNU einen signifikanten Rückgang der Nierenfunktion mit sich bringt und erste prospektive Daten eine gute radiologische und pathologische Remissionsrate zeigen, wird die neoadjuvante Chemotherapie beim UTUC zunehmend diskutiert. Der Behandlungsstandard hingegen für Tumoren im pT2–pT4-Stadium oder bei einem positiven Lymphknotenstatus (pN+) ist die adjuvante platinbasierte Kombinationschemotherapie, sofern diese nicht bereits als neoadjuvante Therapie erfolgt ist. Die adjuvante Immuntherapie mit Nivolumab zeigte in der UTUC-Kohorte im Vergleich zum Harnblasenkarzinom keinen signifikanten Therapievorteil und sollte nur Patienten im Tumorstadium ≥pT3 und/oder pN+ (oder ≥ypT2 und/oder ypN+ nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie) angeboten werden, die für eine platinbasierte Kombinationschemotherapie ungeeignet sind oder diese ablehnen.
Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Leistungen durch Mütter geht in
Krisenzeiten zurück – Sind Alleinerziehende stärker betroffen?
Authors: Erhart Michael , Müller Doreen , O'Sullivan Julie Lorraine 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Leistungen erfordert Ressourcen, die besonders
bei Alleinerziehenden knapp sein können. In Krisenzeiten und den damit
verbundenen Herausforderungen im Alltag erhöht sich die Schwelle für aufsuchende
medizinische Versorgung zusätzlich. Die vorliegende Studie basiert auf Daten von
6155 Müttern aus den Erhebungswellen des sozioökonomischen Panels (SOEP) 2019
und 2021. Die CoViD-19-Pandemie wird hier beispielhaft als Krise betrachtet. Die
Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Alleinerziehende insgesamt einen höheren
Versorgungsbedarf haben, der durch schlechtere Gesundheit und einer höheren
Anzahl von Diagnosen begründet wird. Während der CoViD-19-Pandemie wurde ein
Rückgang der Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen beobachtet, insbesondere
bei alleinerziehenden Müttern. Es ist wichtig, Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten für
(alleinerziehende) Mütter zu schaffen, um ihre Gesundheitschancen zu verbessern
und in Krisenzeiten zu erhalten.