bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Furthering the Understanding of Parent–Child Relationships: A Nursing Scholarship Review Series. Part 2: Grasping the Early Parenting Experience—The Insider View
Authors: Lutz Kristin F. , Anderson Lori S. , Riesch Susan K. , Pridham Karen A. , Becker Patricia T. 
Published: October 2009

PURPOSE.  The purpose of this integrative review is to systematically and critically synthesize nursing scholarship on parents' perspectives of the parent–child relationship during infancy.CONCLUSION.  Research has shown that the process of establishing the parent–child relationship is highly individualized and complex. Numerous barriers and facilitators influencing this relationship have been identified that are relevant to nursing.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Nurses have an important opportunity to positively affect the developing parent–infant relationship. Screening parents for depression and providing parents with resources and support are key nursing interventions supporting the parent–infant relationship.
Phenotyping approaches for physiological breeding and gene discovery in wheat
Authors: Reynolds M. , Manes Y. , Izanloo A. , Langridge P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractConceptual models of drought‐adaptive traits have been used in breeding to accumulate complementary physiological traits (PT) in selected progeny, resulting in distribution of advanced lines to rain‐fed environments worldwide by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). Key steps in PT breeding at CIMMYT include characterisation of crossing block lines for stress adaptive mechanisms, strategic crossing among parents that encompass as many target traits as possible and early generation selection (EGS) of bulks for canopy temperature (CT). The approach has been successful using both elite × elite crosses as well as three way crosses involving stress adapted landraces. Other EGS techniques that are amenable to high throughput include measurement of spectral reflectance indices and stomatal aperture‐related traits. Their genetic‐ and cost‐effectiveness are supported by realisation of genetic yield gains in response to trait selection, and by economic analysis, respectively. Continual reselection within restricted gene pools is likely to lead to diminishing returns, however, exotic parents can be used to introduce new allelic diversity. Examples include landraces from the primary gene pool, and products of inter‐specific hybridisation with the secondary gene pool consisting of closely related wheat genomes. Both approaches have been successful in introducing stress‐adaptive traits. The main problem with knowing which genetic resource to use in wide‐crossing is the uncertainty with which phenotypic expression can be extrapolated from one genome/genepool to another because of their unimproved or undomesticated genetic backgrounds. Nonetheless, their PT expression can be measured and used as a basis for investing in crossing or wide crossing. Discovering the genetic basis of PT is highly complex because putative QTLs may interact with environment and genetic background, including genes of major effect. Detection of QTLs was improved in mapping populations where flowering time was controlled, while new mapping populations have been designed by screening potential parents that do not contrast in the Rht, Ppd and Vrn alleles. Association genetics mapping is another approach that can be employed for gene discovery using exclusively agronomically improved material, thereby minimising the probability of identifying yield QTLs whose alleles have been already improved by conventional breeding.
MICROBIOLOGICAL, PHYSICO‐CHEMICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL QUALITY OF TRADITIONAL TURKISH CHEESE DESSERTS
Authors: AYDIN ALI , AKSU HARUN , TASKANAL NEDIM , GUNSEN UGUR 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT A total of 100 fresh‐cheese‐based desserts (Hosmerim and Cheese helva) from nine different production areas in Marmara Region of Turkey were studied. There were no statistically significant differences in microbiological composition between Hosmerim and Cheese helva. Mean values of APC, Staphylococcus aureus, molds, yeasts, osmophilic yeasts for Hosmerim were 5.7 × 104, 8.0 × 102, 1.8 × 103, 2.8 × 103, 1.6 × 103 cfu/g, respectively, while coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus were <10 cfu/g. Results for Cheese helva were slightly higher. Salmonella spp. and staphylococcal enterotoxin were not detected in 25 g of any sample. Cheese helva, however, had a significantly lower pH and significantly higher contents of protein, fat and carbohydrates, and thus, also a higher content of dry matter. Within each product category, a large variation was observed for both microbiological counts as well as for the chemical composition. This indicates a lack of standardization in the manufacturing process and prompts for the establishment of appropriate process control measures. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe aim of this study was to determine the chemical and hygienic quality traits of traditional cheese desserts, namely Cheese helva and Hosmerim. For this purpose, 50 Cheese helva and 50 Hosmerim samples obtained from different regions in Turkey were analyzed on account of their microbiological, physico‐chemical and toxicological properties. The presence of some pathogens in the samples and the variable chemical composition indicate that the production process should be defined in “Codes of Good Manufacturing Practice” and the product characteristics should be codified in order to achieve a product with a defined level of microbiological safety.
Assessing postprandial glucose using 1,5‐anhydroglucitol: An integrative literature review
Authors: Christensen Brian Lee , Williams Mary 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPurpose: Recent studies have determined postprandial blood glucose is an independent risk factor for macrovascular complications. This risk exists, despite having HbA1C results within acceptable ranges for diabetes. 1,5‐Anhydroglucitol (1,5AG) has been proposed as an appropriate indicator to detect and screen for postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG). This review discusses the efficacy of 1,5AG to predict PPHG in order to reveal those who may be at risk for macrovascular complications.Data Sources: An electronic search was conducted from 2003 to 2008 in the following databases: Medline, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and Pre‐CINAHL. Any articles relating to 1,5AG as a marker for PPHG were used. The search was limited to any human research articles published in English. All articles were reviewed for additional relevant studies.Conclusions: 1,5AG was found to be a reliable indicator of PPHG, even when HbA1C levels were within target ranges. 1,5AG may be a simple and effective tool for primary care providers to identify those at risk for macrovascular complications, who would otherwise go unnoticed if assessed by HbA1C alone.
Patient satisfaction with retail health clinic care
Authors: Hunter Lauren P. , Weber Charles E. , Morreale Anthony P. , Wall James H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPurpose: To analyze patient satisfaction with care provided at two retail clinics by family nurse practitioners (FNPs) and physician assistants (PAs). To analyze patient characteristics and preferences of those patients seeking care at two retail clinics.Data Sources: Anonymous, voluntary, self‐report surveys completed by patient, or parents of minor patients, in one of two medical retail clinics located in grocery stores in Arizona between May 2006 and July 2007.Conclusions: We found that clients with varied incomes and different ethnicities valued the same attributes of retail health clinic care as those found in initial studies: convenient location, no appointment necessary, short wait time, and low cost.Implications for Practice: The high degree of patient satisfaction found for retail health clinic care indicates that this type of entrepreneurial primary health care will continue to increase in numbers. Retail health clinics are a viable source of employment for FNPs.
Scn3b knockout mice exhibit abnormal sino‐atrial and cardiac conduction properties
Authors: Hakim P. , Brice N. , Thresher R. , Lawrence J. , Zhang Y. , Jackson A. P. , Grace A. A. , Huang C. L.‐H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim:  In contrast to extensive reports on the roles of Nav1.5 α‐subunits, there have been few studies associating the β‐subunits with cardiac arrhythmogenesis. We investigated the sino‐atrial and conduction properties in the hearts of Scn3b−/− mice.Methods:  The following properties were compared in the hearts of wild‐type (WT) and Scn3b−/− mice: (1) mRNA expression levels of Scn3b, Scn1b and Scn5a in atrial tissue. (2) Expression of the β3 protein in isolated cardiac myocytes. (3) Electrocardiographic recordings in intact anaesthetized preparations. (4) Bipolar electrogram recordings from the atria of spontaneously beating and electrically stimulated Langendorff‐perfused hearts.Results:  Scn3b mRNA was expressed in the atria of WT but not Scn3b−/− hearts. This was in contrast to similar expression levels of Scn1b and Scn5a mRNA. Immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that the β3 protein was expressed in WT and absent in Scn3b−/− cardiac myocytes. Lead I electrocardiograms from Scn3b−/− mice showed slower heart rates, longer P wave durations and prolonged PR intervals than WT hearts. Spontaneously beating Langendorff‐perfused Scn3b−/− hearts demonstrated both abnormal atrial electrophysiological properties and evidence of partial or complete dissociation of atrial and ventricular activity. Atrial burst pacing protocols induced atrial tachycardia and fibrillation in all Scn3b−/− but hardly any WT hearts. Scn3b−/− hearts also demonstrated significantly longer sinus node recovery times than WT hearts.Conclusion:  These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that a deficiency in Scn3b results in significant atrial electrophysiological and intracardiac conduction abnormalities, complementing the changes in ventricular electrophysiology reported on an earlier occasion.
A retrospective study of surgically treated cases of septic peritonitis in the cat (2000–2007)
Authors: Parsons K. J. , Owen L. J. , Lee K. , Tivers M. S. , Gregory S. P. 
Published: October 2009

Objectives:To review aetiology, clinical signs and outcome of cats surgically treated for septic peritonitis (2000‐2007).Methods:A retrospective study. Inclusion criteria were the identification of intracellular bacteria and degenerate neutrophils and/or a positive culture from abdominal fluid and exploratory coeliotomy. Aetiology, clinical signs, haematological and biochemical parameters, surgical treatment and outcome were recorded and analysed.Results:Twenty‐six cats fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Abdominal pain was reported in 10 (38 per cent) and vomiting was reported in 11 (42 per cent) of the cats. The most common aetiology was trauma (31 per cent). The principal source of contamination was the gastrointestinal tract. Hyperlactataemia, hypoproteinaemia and hyperglycaemia were reported in 9, 13 and 14 of the 26 cases, respectively. Non‐survivors had significantly higher blood lactate concentrations than survivors (P=0·02). Nineteen cats were managed with primary closure, two with closed suction drains and three with open peritoneal drainage. Twelve (46 per cent) cats survived to discharge.ClinicalSignificance:In cats, lethargy, depression and anorexia were more common clinical signs than abdominal pain. Lactate level at the time of diagnosis may be a useful prognostic indicator in cats. The proportion of cats that survived was lower than previously reported and owners should be given a guarded prognosis.
The effect of substrate composition and storage time on urine specific gravity in dogs
Authors: Steinberg E. , Drobatz K. , Aronson L. 
Published: October 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of substrate composition and storage time on urine specific gravity in dogs. Methods: A descriptive cohort study of 15 dogs. The urine specific gravity of free catch urine samples was analysed during a 5‐hour time period using three separate storage methods; a closed syringe, a diaper pad and non‐absorbable cat litter. Results: The urine specific gravity increased over time in all three substrates. The syringe sample had the least change from baseline and the diaper sample had the greatest change from baseline. The urine specific gravity for the litter and diaper samples had a statistically significant increase from the 1‐hour to the 5‐hour time point. Clinical Significance: The urine specific gravity from canine urine stored either on a diaper or in a non‐absorbable litter increased over time. Although the change was found to be statistically significant over the 5‐hour study period it is unlikely to be clinically significant.
The effect of omeprazole on oesophageal pH in dogs during anaesthesia
Authors: Panti A. , Bennett R.C. , Corletto F. , Brearley J. , Jeffrey N. , Mellanby R.J. 
Published: October 2009

Objectives:Intra‐operative, gastro‐oesophageal reflux may be associated with post‐anaesthestic complications such as oesophagitis and oesophageal stricture in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preoperative administration of omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, on oesophageal pH in anaesthetised dogs.Methods:Forty‐seven dogs undergoing elective pelvic limb orthopaedic surgery were enrolled into the study. These were randomly allocated to treatment group (n=22) or control group (n=25). The treatment group received one dose of omeprazole (1 mg/kg po) at least 4 h before anaesthesia. All dogs were anaesthetised by the same standardised protocol. A pH probe was inserted into the distal oesophagus after induction of anaesthesia and oesophageal pH was continuously monitored.Results:In the treatment group, four animals (18 per cent) showed a sudden decrease in oesophageal pH (<4). In the control group the same phenomenon was detected in 13 animals (52 per cent). Gastro‐oesophageal reflux occurred more frequently in the control group compared with the omeprazole group (odds ratio 4·7, 95 per cent C.I. 1.1 to 24.7, P=0.032).ClinicalSignificance:This study suggests that the preoperative administration of omeprazole is effective in reducing the incidence of gastro‐oesophageal reflux during anaesthesia in dogs.
Parentage Determination and Effective Population Size Estimation in Mass Spawning Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Based on Microsatellite Analysis
Authors: Li Ronghua , L Qi , Yu Ruihai 
Published: October 2009

Abstract Seven high polymorphic microsatellite loci were used to determine the pedigrees in a mass spawning of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, and to estimate the genetic variability between broodstock and offspring. Parental assignment was performed on a total of 155 individuals, including 141 offspring, 8 candidate mothers, and 6 candidate fathers. The assignment results of real offspring were generally in agreement with simulation with a success rate over 99% using only six of these loci. The allelic diversity and observed heterozygosity (Ho) exhibited similarity between parents and offspring populations, but the expected heterozygosity (He) had a significant decrease in offspring. Although all the males and females contributed to the next generation, the variances of reproductive success and unequal sex ratio resulted in a decline in effective population size (Ne = 11.42). The inbreeding rate of this small‐scale, mass spawning population was estimated at approximately 16.5% per generation. This gave us an insight that when designing breeding programs based on mass spawning for future oyster cultivation generations, the higher inbreeding and lower effective population size should be considered.
Composition, Properties and Sensory Quality of Rainbow Trout Affected by Feed Formulations
Authors: Lesiow Tomasz , Ockerman Herbert W. , Dabrowski Konrad 
Published: October 2009

Abstract Rainbow trout were fed a fish meal‐based diet or diets where 25, 50, 75, or 100% of the fish meal protein was replaced with a mixture of rendered animal protein ingredients. Diets were formulated to be iso‐nitrogenous (36% crude protein) and meet all known nutrient requirements of rainbow trout. The effect of five diets on dressing percentage, chemical composition, functional properties, and sensory characteristics of rainbow trout fillets stored up to 1 wk on ice in a refrigerated room (4 C) was determined. Dressing percentage based on body weight (from 724 to 811 g) did not show a significant difference due to the diet. Raw tissue pH, 24 and 144 h post mortem, were significantly lower than the control when 75 and 100% fish meal replacement were utilized. Assessment of color, texture, flavor, and tenderness indicated that fillet were lighter, less firm, more bland, and more tender after 144 h compared to 24‐h storage time. Fillets from fish fed all diets were considered as acceptable by the panel.
Dietary Zinc Requirement of Hybrid Striped Bass,Morone chrysops×Morone saxatilis, and Bioavailability of Two Chemically Different Zinc Compounds
Authors: Buentello J. Alejandro , Goff Jonathan B. , Gatlin Delbert M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractZinc is a trace mineral element that plays an essential role in numerous biochemical processes, and has been shown to affect growth and health of several fish species. However, the dietary zinc requirement of hybrid striped bass has not been defined. Therefore, a feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary requirement for zinc by this fish and to compare zinc bioavailability of two chemically different forms (zinc sulfate and zinc proteinate). Six experimental diets were formulated with purified ingredients and supplemented with ZnSO4to provide total zinc concentrations of 7, 12, 16, 26, 42, and 80 mg/kg diet which were determined by analysis. Each diet contained 32% crude protein, 6% lipid, and approximately 14.2 kJ of digestible energy per gram. The experimental diets were fed twice daily for 10 wk to triplicate groups of 15 hybrid striped bass initially weighing 0.86 ± 0.05 g/fish in 38‐L glass aquaria, connected as a recirculating system. Finally, after the feeding period, the fish were evaluated for weight gain, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, and survival, as well as blood serum zinc, bone zinc, and hematocrit. All fish thrived during the feeding trial and not even the fish fed the basal diet displayed any apparent deficiency signs, although weight gain steadily increased with escalating levels of dietary zinc up to 42 mg/kg diet. On the basis of the most responsive indicators–bone zinc and serum zinc–the minimum dietary zinc requirement of hybrid striped bass was determined to be 17.0 and 17.3 mg Zn/kg diet, respectively, based on broken‐line regression. This estimate is similar in magnitude to dietary zinc requirements reported for other fish species. In addition, the bioavailability of zinc proteinate versus that of ZnSO4was estimated by deriving the ratio of the slopes of the regression lines fitted to bone zinc and serum zinc data. This analysis indicated that hybrid striped bass utilized zinc proteinate ∼1.7 times more efficiently than ZnSO4.
Development of Antibodies against Anthrose Tetrasaccharide for Specific Detection of
Bacillus anthracis
Spores
Authors: Kuehn Andrea , Kovác Pavol , Saksena Rina , Bannert Norbert , Klee Silke R. , Ranisch Heidrun , Grunow Roland 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Methods for the immunological detection of
Bacillus anthracis
in various environmental samples and the discrimination of
B. anthracis
from other members of the
B. cereus
group are not yet well established. To generate specific discriminating antibodies, we immunized rabbits, mice, and chickens with inactivated
B. anthracis
spores and, additionally, immunized rabbits and mice with the tetrasaccharide β-Ant-(1→3)-α-
l
-Rhap-(1→3)-α-
l
-Rhap-(1→2)-
l
-Rhap. It is a constituent of the exosporium glycoprotein BclA and contains the newly discovered sugar anthrose 2-
O
-methyl-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutamido)-4,6-dideoxy-β-
d
-glucose. The BclA protein is a major component of the exosporium of
B. anthracis
spores and is decorated by the tetrasaccharide indicated above. The anthrose-containing tetrasaccharide chain seems to be highly specific for
B. anthracis
, which makes it a key biomarker for the detection of these spores. The different immunizations led to anthrose-reactive polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies which were analyzed by various methods to characterize their ability to discriminate between
B. anthracis
and other
Bacillus
spp. Multiple applications, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and electron microscopy, revealed the specificities of the polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies generated for
B. anthracis
spore detection. All polyclonal antibodies were able to correctly identify the
B. anthracis
strains tested and showed only minimal cross-reactivities with other
Bacillus
strains. Moreover, the antibodies generated proved functional in a new capture assay for
B. anthracis
spores and could therefore be useful for the detection of spores in complex samples.
Comparison of Five Commercial Anti-Tetanus Toxoid Immunoglobulin G Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays
Authors: Perry A. L. , Hayes A. J. , Cox H. A. , Alcock F. , Parker A. R. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Five commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the measurement of anti-tetanus toxoid immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were evaluated for performance. The data suggest that there are manufacturer-dependent differences in sensitivity and accuracy for the determination of tetanus toxoid IgG antibodies that could result in different diagnostic interpretations.
Activity of MGCD290, a Hos2 Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, in Combination with Azole Antifungals against Opportunistic Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Pfaller M. A. , Messer S. A. , Georgopapadakou N. , Martell L. A. , Besterman J. M. , Diekema D. J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

We report on the in vitro activity of the Hos2 fungal histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor MGCD290 (MethylGene, Inc.) in combination with azoles against azole-resistant yeasts and molds. Susceptibility testing was performed by the CLSI M27-A3 and M38-A2 broth microdilution methods. Testing of the combinations (MGCD290 in combination with fluconazole, posaconazole, or voriconazole) was performed by the checkerboard method. The fractional inhibitory concentrations were determined and were defined as <0.5 for synergy, ≥0.5 but <4 for indifference, and ≥4 for antagonism. Ninety-one isolates were tested, as follows: 30
Candida
isolates, 10
Aspergillus
isolates, 15 isolates of the Zygomycetes order, 10
Cryptococcus neoformans
isolates, 8
Rhodotorula
isolates, 8
Fusarium
isolates, 5
Trichosporon
isolates, and 5
Scedosporium
isolates. MGCD290 showed modest activity when it was used alone (MICs, 1 to 8 μg/ml) and was mostly active against azole-resistant yeasts, but the MICs against molds were high (16 to >32 μg/ml). MGCD290 was synergistic with fluconazole against 55 (60%) of the 91 isolates, with posaconazole against 46 (51%) of the 91 isolates, and with voriconazole against 48 (53%) of the 91 isolates. Synergy between fluconazole and MGCD290 was observed against 26/30 (87%)
Candida
isolates. All 23 of the 91
Candida
isolates that were not fluconazole susceptible demonstrated a reduced fluconazole MIC that crossed an interpretive breakpoint (e.g., resistant [MIC, ≥64 μg/ml] to susceptible [MIC, ≤8 μg/ml]) when fluconazole was combined with MGCD290 at 0.12 to 4 μg/ml. The activity of fluconazole plus MGCD290 was also synergistic against 6/10
Aspergillus
isolates. Posaconazole plus MGCD290 demonstrated synergy against 14/15 Zygomycetes (9
Rhizopus
isolates and 5
Mucor
isolates). Voriconazole plus MGCD290 demonstrated synergy against six of eight
Fusarium
isolates. Thus, MGCD290 demonstrated in vitro synergy with azoles against the majority of clinical isolates tested, including many azole-resistant isolates and genera inherently resistant to azoles (e.g.,
Mucor
and
Fusarium
). Further evaluation of fungal HDAC inhibitor-azole combinations is indicated.