bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bipolar input to melanopsin containing ganglion cells in primate retina
Authors: GRÜNERT ULRIKE , JUSUF PATRICIA R. , LEE SAMMY C.S. , NGUYEN DUNG THAN 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTwo morphological types of melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells have been described in primate retina. Both types show intrinsic light responses as well as rod- and cone-driven ON-type responses. Outer stratifying cells have their dendrites close to the inner nuclear layer (OFF sublamina); inner stratifying cells have their dendrites close to the ganglion cell layer (ON sublamina). Both inner and outer stratifying cells receive synaptic input via ribbon synapses, but the bipolar cell types providing this input have not been identified. Here, we addressed the question whether the diffuse (ON) cone bipolar type DB6 and/or rod bipolar cells contact melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells. Melanopsin containing ganglion cells in marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and macaque (Macaca fascicularis) retinas were identified immunohistochemically; DB6 cells were labeled with antibodies against the carbohydrate epitope CD15, rod bipolar cells were labeled with antibodies against protein kinase C, and putative synapses between the two cells types were identified with antibodies against piccolo. For one inner cell, nearly all of the DB6 axon terminals that overlap with its dendrites in the two-dimensional space show areas of close contact. In vertical sections, the large majority of the areas of close contact also contain a synaptic punctum, suggesting that DB6 cells contact inner melanopsin cells. The output from DB6 cells accounts for about 30% of synapses onto inner melanopsin cells. Synaptic contacts between rod bipolar axons and inner dendrites were not observed. In the OFF sublamina, about 10% of the DB6 axons are closely associated with dendrites of outer cells, and in about a third of these areas, axonal en passant synapses are detected. This result suggests that DB6 cells may also provide input to outer melanopsin cells.
Skin Microbiome in Disease States: Atopic Dermatitis and Immunodeficiency
Authors: Segre Julia , Kong Heidi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe Human Microbiome Project seeks to explore the diversity of microbiota that resides in and on the human body, including the skin, in health and disease. The NIH Intramural Skin Microbiome Consortium (NISMC) is a trans-disciplinary group of experts engaged in the practice of genomics, bioinformatics, large-scale DNA sequencing, dermatology, immunology, allergy, infectious disease, and clinical microbiology. Atopic dermatitis (AD, “eczema”) is a chronic relapsing skin disorder that affects ~15% of U.S. children and is associated with $1 billion of medical costs annually. AD is characterized by dry, itchy skin, infiltrated with immune cells. Colonization by _Staphylococcus aureus_ (S. aureus) is ten-fold more common in AD patients and is associated with disease flares. We hypothesize that, in addition to S. aureus, AD may also be associated with additional microbes and/or selective shifts of commensal microbes that are relevant to disease progression. The NISMC seeks to define the microbiota that resides in and on the skin and nares of three patient groups, all of whom have eczematous lesions and are currently seen at the NIH Clinical Center: (1) AD patients; (2) Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) patients; and (3) Hyper IgE syndrome (HIES) syndrome patients.Examination of the microbiome of patients with WAS or HIES syndromes, both rare immunodeficiencies, will advance our understanding of how an individual’s immune system shapes their cutaneous microbial community. We are performing a prospective longitudinal study that follows these groups of patient thorough the cycles of eczema flares, ascertaining clinical data and samples at each stage. To analyze the longitudinal samples obtained from both affected and unaffected skin sites, we will use an integrated approach including: (1) extensive characterization of bacterial diversity; (2) analysis of fungal diversity; (3) generation of whole-genome sequences of novel skin microbial isolates; and (4) metagenomic sequencing to assess microbial abundance and deduce metabolic activities. Examination of the microbial communities on affected and unaffected skin of patients with eczema will yield insights into the gene-environment interactions relevant to these diseases.
Gas phase constant pressure heat capacities (C~p,gas~) for the C~1~ through C~10~ straight chain alkanes, isobutane, hydrogen atom, hydroxyl and methyl radicals, and water between 298.15 and 1500 K: A comparison of theoretical values against experimental data
Authors: Rayne Sierra , Forest Kaya 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGas phase constant pressure heat capacities (C~p,gas~) for the C~1~ through C~10~ straight chain alkanes, isobutane, hydrogen atom, hydroxyl and methyl radicals, and water were calculated between 298.15 and 1500 K using various low (semiempirical PM6) through high level (CBS-Q//B3 and G4 composite) theoretical methods. All levels of theory provided good agreement with experimental C~p,gas~ data (<+/-10% deviation) regardless of molecular size. A modest but progressive loss of C~p,gas~ predictive accuracy occurs with increasing molecular size among the n-alkanes. For most compounds at all levels of theory, the highest C~p,gas~ estimation accuracy occurs at elevated temperatures, with decreasing accuracy as the temperature is lowered or raised about the method specific accuracy maximum. In general, C~p,gas~ prediction accuracy appears to depend less on the level of theory applied compared to the temperature under consideration.
Preservation of Permo–Triassic low‐pressure assemblages in the Cretaceous high‐pressure metamorphic Saualpe crystalline basement (Eastern Alps, Austria)
Authors: Habler G. , Thöni M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMetapelites and intercalated metapegmatites of the Saualpe crystalline basement, which forms part of the Austroalpine nappe complex in the Eastern Alps, display a polyphase tectonometamorphic history. Here, we focus on the evolution that these rocks underwent prior to Cretaceous (eo‐Alpine) high‐pressure metamorphism and related penetrative deformation. Geothermobarometry on coarse‐grained porphyroclastic parageneses (garnet–biotite–muscovite–plagioclase–sillimanite–quartz), which occur as relics in kyanite–garnet, two‐mica gneiss, yielded 600 °C/0.4 GPa. Results from a corundum‐bearing lithology suggest that higher temperatures may have been reached in very restricted areas. The matrix of these rocks displays intense recrystallization during a pressure‐dominated metamorphic overprint. Microstructures and mineral chemistry indicate that this low‐pressure metamorphism was the first significant metamorphic imprint in these rocks. Mineral relics in all metapelitic rock types reflect low‐pressure conditions for this interkinematic crystallization phase.The distribution, macroscopic and microscopic observations and the mineralogical composition of intercalated metapegmatites point to regionally elevated temperature conditions during their emplacement. Therefore, pegmatite formation is correlated with mineral formation in metapelites. Sm–Nd‐dating of magmatic garnet from the pegmatite gneiss yielded 249 ± 3 Ma, which is interpreted to represent the age of pegmatite‐emplacement and low‐pressure metamorphism in the metapelites. Since the pegmatites are overprinted by mylonitisation and high‐pressure metamorphism, this Permo–Triassic age also sets an upper age‐limit to the eclogite facies metamorphic event, which affected considerable parts of the Saualpe crystalline basement.
Palaeoproterozoic high‐T, low‐P metamorphism and dehydration melting in metapelites from the Mopunga Range, Arunta Inlier, central Australia
Authors: Scrimgeour I. , Smith J. B. , Raith J. G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA sequence of psammitic and pelitic metasedimentary rocks from the Mopunga Range region of the Arunta Inlier, central Australia, preserves evidence for unusually low pressure (c. 3 kbar), regional‐scale, upper amphibolite and granulite facies metamorphism and partial melting. Upper amphibolite facies metapelites of the Cackleberry Metamorphics are characterised by cordierite‐andalusite‐K‐feldspar assemblages and cordierite‐bearing leucosomes with biotite‐andalusite selvages, reflecting P–T conditions of c. 3 kbar and c. 650–680 °C. Late development of a sillimanite fabric is interpreted to reflect either an anticlockwise P–T evolution, or a later independent higher‐P thermal event. Coexistence of andalusite with sillimanite in these rocks appears to reflect the sluggish kinematics of the Al2SiO5 polymorphic inversion. In the Deep Bore Metamorphics, 20 km to the east, dehydration melting reactions in granulite facies metapelites have produced migmatites with quartz‐absent sillimanite‐spinel‐cordierite melanosomes, whilst in semipelitic migmatites, discontinuous leucosomes enclose cordierite‐spinel intergrowths. Metapsammitic rocks are not migmatised, and contain garnet–orthopyroxene–cordierite–biotite–quartz assemblages. Reaction textures in the Deep Bore Metamorphics are consistent with a near‐isobaric heating‐cooling path, with peak metamorphism occurring at 2.6–4.0 kbar and c. 750–800 °C. SHRIMP U–Pb dating of metamorphic zircon rims in a cordierite‐orthopyroxene migmatite from the Deep Bore Metamorphics yielded an age of 1730 ± 7 Ma, whilst detrital zircon cores define a homogeneous population at 1805 ± 7 Ma. The 1730 Ma age is interpreted to reflect the timing of high‐T, low‐P metamorphism, synchronous with the regional Late Strangways Event, whereas the 1805 Ma age provides a maximum age of deposition for the sedimentary precursor. The Mopunga Range region forms part of a more extensive low‐pressure metamorphic terrane in which lateral temperature gradients are likely to have been induced by localised advection of heat by granitic and mafic intrusions. The near‐isobaric Palaeoproterozoic P–T–t evolution of the Mopunga Range region is consistent with a relatively transient thermal event, due to advective processes that occurred synchronous with the regional Late Strangways tectonothermal event.
Tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the Karakorum Metamorphic complex (Dassu–Askole area, NE Pakistan): exhumation of mid‐crustal HT–MPgneisses in a convergent context
Authors: Rolland Y. , Mahéo G. , Guillot S. , Pecher A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe South Karakorum margin, east of the Himalayan syntaxis, consist of an E–W elongated zone of young (10–3 Ma) high‐grade metamorphic rocks (M2) and related migmatitic domes. This late tectono‐metamorphic event post‐dates the Palaeogene (55–37 Ma) phase of thickening of the belt featured by NW–SE structures and associated M1 amphibolite facies metamorphism (0.7 GPa, 700 °C). This M2 metamorphism is characterised by low‐pressure, high‐temperature conditions coeval with migmatite formation in response to a thermal increase ofc. 150 °C compared to M1, culminating at a temperature ofc. 770 °C and a pressure of 0.5–0.6 GPa. Rapid exhumation of migmatitic domes, at a rate of 5 mm yr−1, was accommodated by vertical extrusion, in the core of E–W crustal‐scale folds. These crustal‐scale folds formed in response to N–S syn‐collisional shortening and were enhanced by thermal weakening of the migmatised continental crust.M2 metamorphism is spatially and temporarily associated with granitoids showing a mantle affinity, firmly suggesting that this could be the advective heat source for the granite and syenite generation and the subsequent migmatisation of the mid‐crustal level. Such relationships between a mantle‐related magmatism and a high‐temperature metamorphism in a convergent shortening context are suggestive of the breakoff of the subducted Indian slab since 20 Ma.
High‐grade metamorphism and hydrous melting of metapelites in the Pinos terrane (W Cuba): Evidence for crustal thickening and extension in the northern Caribbean collisional belt
Authors: García‐Casco A. , Torres‐Roldán R. L. , Millán G. , Monié P. , Haissen F. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe Pinos terrane (Isle of Pines, W Cuba) is a coherent metamorphic complex that probably represents a portion of the continental margin of the Yucatan Block during the Mesozoic. Within the framework of other metamorphic terranes in the Greater Antilles, the Pinos terrane is characterized by the occurrence of high‐grade kyanite‐, sillimanite‐ and andalusite‐bearing metapelites and migmatites. Assessment and modelling of phase relations in these high grade rocks indicate that they reached a peak temperature of c. 750 °C at 11–12 kbar, and then underwent strong decompression to c. 3 kbar at c. 600 °C. Decompression was contemporaneous with the main synmetamorphic deformation in the area (D2), and was accompanied by segregation of trondhjemitic partial melts formed by wet melting of metapelites. Metamorphism terminated in the Uppermost Cretaceous (68 ± 2 Ma; 40Ar/39Ar dates on biotite and muscovite). The P–T–t‐deformation relations of the high‐grade rocks suggest that crustal thickening (during collision of this portion of the Yucatan margin with the Great Volcanic Arc of the Caribbean?) was followed by decompression interpreted to reflect exhumation by extension, possibly related to the initial development of the Yucatan Basin in the uppermost Cretaceous.
New photographic techniques for clinical evaluation of acne
Authors: Rizova E , Kligman A 
Published: October 2010

AbstractClinical evaluation of acne is usually based on direct visual assessment and ordinary flash photography, both of which are compromised by viewer subjectivity. It is difficult to accurately assess individual acne lesions and to observe early response to therapy. Standard flash photography has inherent limitations owing to the physics of light; it does not permit consistent visualization of subtle cutaneous characteristics like erythema or microcomedones, and it tends to blur distinctions between active inflammatory lesions and older hyperpigmented macules.Over the last decade there has been increasing interest in newer techniques aimed at increasing the accuracy and objectivity of acne evaluation. These include parallel‐polarized light photography, cross (or perpendicular)‐polarized light photography, videomicroscopy, and fluorescence photography. This article will review the advances of the past decade and summarize new techniques to evaluate acne lesions. Moreover, findings of a study that evaluated the course of individual acne lesions and the effects of adapalene gel 0.1% on inflammatory and non‐inflammatory acne lesions will be viewed.In this study, the use of parallel‐polarized and cross‐polarized photography, in combination with videomicroscopy and sebum production measurement, provided objective, detailed information on the evolution of different variable acne lesions and their response to adapalene gel 0.1%. Adapalene treatment produced rapid resolution of inflammatory and non‐inflammatory lesions, and inhibited formation of new lesions. Sebum secretion rates also declined during treatment. Use of the new assessment techniques proved to be a valuable, non‐invasive and reliable method of assessing acne vulgaris and its response to treatment.
Acanthosis nigricans: A new cutaneous sign in severe atopic dermatitis and Down syndrome
Authors: Muñoz‐Pérez MA , Camacho F 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAcanthosis nigricans (AN) occurs associated with many different systemic diseases, such as endocrine disorders and internal malignant neoplasms. To our knowledge, the association of AN with severe atopic dermatitis (AD) or Down syndrome has not been described before. This 82‐month retrospective study included 1038 patients: AN was present in 4.9% of atopic patients and 50.9% of subjects with Down syndrome. AN was more frequent in patients with severe AD and in 100% of cases of hand dermatitis and juvenile plantar dermatosis, located on the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints, whereas in Down syndrome other flexures were also affected. The pathogenesis of AN in AD is unknown, but in Down syndrome it seems to be related to obesity. Possible insulin resistance underlyng the pathogenesis of AN in these patients is still unknown.
Morphometric analysis of elastic skin fibres from patients with: cutis laxa, anetoderma, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, and Buschke–Ollendorff and Williams–Beuren syndromes
Authors: Ghomrasseni S , Dridi M , Bonnefoix M , Septier D , Gogly G , Pellat B , Godeau G 
Published: October 2010

AbstractComputed morphometric analysis of elastic skin fibres in patients with cutis laxa, anetoderma, Williams–Beuren syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), and Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome, all clinically ascertained, was performed and compared with data obtained from healthy individuals of the same age. The diameters, area fractions (AA%) and volume fractions (VV%) occupied by pre‐elastic fibres and dermal elastic fibres were determined. Irrespective of age the diameter of dermal elastic fibres followed a Gaussian distribution for all groups studied. These diameters were taken into consideration for VV% determinations. Compared with data from skin of healthy subjects of similar age range, VV% of pre‐elastic fibres was significantly decreased in patients with cutis laxa, anetoderma, Williams–Beuren syndrome, and PXE and undetectable in Buschke–Ollendorff patients. VV% of dermal elastic fibres was four‐ to fivefold increased in Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome, two‐ to threefold increased in PXE skin, four‐ to fivefold decreased in cutis laxa and anetoderma skin and about twofold decreased in Williams–Beuren skin. The diameter of oxytalan fibres was decreased in anetoderma and Williams–Beuren syndrome while oxytalan fibre diameter was unchanged in PXE and cutis laxa. The diameter of dermal elastic fibres was increased in PXE and Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome, but was decreased in anetoderma and Williams–Beuren syndrome and unchanged in cutis laxa. We demonstrated that cutis laxa, anetoderma, Williams–Beuren syndrome, PXE, and Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome could be easily differentiated by morphometric analysis of elastic skin fibres. Thus we propose that morphometric analyses together with skin biopsies are a valuable tool for distinguishing between inherited and/or acquired skin diseases known to display alterations of elastic fibres.
Acral necrosis by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Pereira O , Cunha Velho G , Lopes V , Mota F , Santos C , Massa A 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM) has been considered a nosocomial pathogen. Nevertheless, community acquired infection may occur more frequently than usually recognized.CaseWe describe distal necrosis of the fingers by SM in a farmer, contracted in the community and successfully treated with a combination of cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin. The patient was diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia 6 months later.ConclusionsThis unusual presentation shows that infection with SM should be included in the differential diagnosis of the skin and soft tissue infection, even in apparently healthy patients.
Acneiform eruption caused by amineptine. A case report and review of the literature
Authors: De Gálvez Aranda MV , Sánchez Sánchez P , Alonso Corral MJ , Bosch García RJ , Gallardo MA , Herrera Ceballos E 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAcne caused by amineptine has always been described with typical characteristic clinical features, and the retentional and cutaneous lesions are dose related. We present a case of acne‐like eruption due to amineptine in a woman under treatment for chronic depression.
Vesicular prurigo pigmentosa cured by minocycline
Authors: Matsumoto C , Kinoshita M , Baba S , Suzuki H , Kanematsu S , Kanematsu N 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present a case of prurigo pigmentosa associated with vesicles that we call ‘vesicular prurigo pigmentosa’. The subject was treated using minocycline with good results and no recurrence of the lesions over a 2‐year period.
Sleep and its homeostatic regulation in mice lacking the adenosine A1receptor
Authors: Stenberg Dag , Litonius Erik , Halldner Linda , Johansson Björn , Fredholm Bertil B. , Porkka‐Heiskanen Tarja 
Published: October 2010

SummarySleep deprivation (SD) increases extracellular adenosine levels in the basal forebrain, and pharmacological manipulations that increase extracellular adenosine in the same area promote sleep. As pharmacological evidence indicates that the effect is mediated through adenosine A1receptors (A1R), we expected A1R knockout (KO) mice to have reduced rebound sleep after SD. Male homozygous A1R KO mice, wild‐type (WT) mice, and heterozygotes (HET) from a mixed 129/C57BL background were implanted during anesthesia with electrodes for electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG). After 1 week of recovery, they were allowed to adapt to recording leads for 2 weeks. EEG and EMG were recorded continuously. All genotypes had a pronounced diurnal sleep/wake rhythm after 2 weeks of adaptation. We then analyzed 24 h of baseline recording, 6 h of SD starting at light onset, and 42 h of recovery recording. Neither rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep) nor non‐REM sleep (NREMS) amounts differed significantly between the groups. SD for 6 h induced a strong NREMS rebound in all three groups. NREMS time and accumulated EEG delta power were equal in WT, HET and KO. Systemic administration of the selective A1R antagonist 8‐cyclopentyltheophylline (8‐CPT) inhibited sleep for 30 min in WT, whereas saline and 8‐CPT both inhibited sleep in KO. We conclude that constitutional lack of adenosine A1R does not prevent the homeostatic regulation of sleep.
Snoring, daytime sleepiness and stroke: a case–control study of first‐ever stroke
Authors: Davies D. P. , Rodgers H. , Walshaw D. , James O. F. W. , Gibson G. J. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryPrevious reports have shown an association between snoring and stroke but it is not clear whether this reflects confounding factors nor whether the association is attributable to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We performed a case–control study of 181 patients admitted to hospital with first‐ever stroke and community control subjects matched individually for age, sex and general practitioner. Subjects were interviewed with a structured questionnaire to identify snoring, daytime sleepiness and stroke risk factors. The association between snoring alone and stroke was not statistically significant: odds ratio (95% CI) 1.44 (0.88, 2.41). Daytime sleepiness was, however, significantly associated with stroke: odds ratio 3.07 (1.65, 6.08). Multiple logistic regression showed that hypertension, current smoking, taking alcohol regularly (negatively) and a higher Epworth sleepiness score were independently associated with stroke. The results suggest that the previously reported association between ‘simple’ snoring and stroke might have been due to poor controlling for confounding variables. Our study suggests an association with greater sleepiness prestroke, the cause of which is unclear, although OSA is a possible candidate.