bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Solid Phase Extraction for Separation and Preconcentration of Palladium from Gold Ore and Anode Slime after Complexation with a N4O2 Mixed Donor Ligand Derivative
Authors: Bulut Volkan Numan , Tufekci Mehmet , Duran Celal , Soylak Mustafa , Kantekin Halit 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA selective and sensitive method for the preconcentration, separation, and determination of palladium with flame atomic absorption spectrometry using 4,15‐bis[(4‐methylphenyl)sulfonyl]‐20,21‐dinitro‐2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17‐tetradecahydro‐8,11‐ethano‐1,18,4,8,11,15‐benzodioxa tetraaza cycloicosine (TNACIN) on XAD‐2010 was developed. TNACIN–Pd(II) complex formed acidic aqueous solution (0.075–0.100 M HNO3) was accumulated on XAD‐2010 and then eluted with 1 M HCl in acetone. The effects of some analytical parameters including pH, TNACIN amount, sample volume, eluent type, and concentration, sample flow rate and matrix ions were studied for optimization of the method. Detection limit and precision were calculated for Pd(II). This method was also verified with CRM and internal standard, and satisfactory results were obtained.
Real‐valued MUSIC algorithm for power harmonics and interharmonics estimation
Authors: Cai Tao , Duan Shan‐xu , Liu Bang‐yin , Liu Fang‐rui , Chen Chang‐song 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecently, advanced spectrum estimation methods, including the MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) algorithms, are being gradually employed for high‐resolution power harmonics analysis. However, most of them are proposed to detect frequencies of complex‐valued signals, so that any real‐valued signal should be transformed into complex form. This data pre‐treatment may lead to additional computation burden. In addition, the picket‐fence effects also exist as in the FFT algorithm and cause poor frequency resolution. To overcome these drawbacks, a real‐valued MUSIC algorithm is proposed for power harmonics analysis in this paper. The algorithm is based on the subspace decomposition theory and the computation of pseudospectrum is also provided. Additionally, to improve the measuring precision, the Newton–Raphson algorithm is adopted to optimize the harmonic frequencies significantly. Simulation results show that, in the real‐valued MUSIC pseudospectrum, the spectral peaks of actual harmonic components can be more easily distinguished from the false peaks caused by noise, and the computational complexity is notably lower than that of the classic complex MUSIC, as well as the detecting accuracy is close to that of root‐MUSIC algorithm which is quite time consuming. Experimental results prove that the proposed strategy is more suitable for high‐resolution power harmonics estimation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Envelope analysis of nonlinear electronic circuits based on harmonic balance method
Authors: Kawata Junji , Kinouchi Takaaki , Yamagami Yoshihiro , Nishio Yoshifumi , Ushida Akio 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe propose here a Spice‐orientedenvelope analysisbased on the HB (harmonic balance) method, where Fourier coefficients are assumed to be slowly varying. The Fourier expansions of nonlinear devices are executed by MATLAB in the symbolic forms. In this time, the nonlinearities need to be approximated by the polynomial functions. The determining equation of the HB method is formulated asSine–Cosine circuitin the form of schematic diagram using ABMs (analog behavior models) of Spice. Each sub‐circuit corresponding to the higher harmonic component is almost the same circuit topology as the original one and has dynamic elements such as capacitors and inductors. The Sine–Cosine circuit can be solved by the transient analysis of Spice. Thus, our method is rather a symbolic approach in the meaning that the HB determining equation is given by the schematic diagram of Spice. Our method can be easily applied to the analysis of middle order of nonlinear communication circuits such as mixers and amplitude modulators and to the analysis of interesting phenomena in the nonlinear oscillations. After many simulation experiments, the results show that our envelope analysis is about 50 times faster than the direct transient analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the synthesis of N,N‐dimethyltryptamine by reductive amination using gas chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Brandt Simon D. , Moore Sharon A. , Freeman Sally , Kanu Abu B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe present study established an impurity profile of a synthetic route to the hallucinogenic N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT). The synthesis was carried out under reductive amination conditions between tryptamine and aqueous formaldehyde in the presence of acetic acid followed by reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride. Analytical characterization of this synthetic route was carried out by gas chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry using electron‐ and chemical‐ionization modes. Methanol was employed as a liquid CI reagent and the impact of stoichiometric modifications on side‐products formation was also investigated. Tryptamine 1, DMT 2, 2‐methyltetrahydro‐β‐carboline (2‐Me‐THBC, 3), N‐methyl‐N‐cyanomethyltryptamine (MCMT, 4), N‐methyltryptamine (NMT, 5), 2‐cyanomethyl‐tetrahydro‐β‐carboline (2‐CM‐THBC, 6) and tetrahydro‐β‐carboline (THBC, 7) have been detected under a variety of conditions. Replacement of formaldehyde solution with paraformaldehyde resulted in incomplete conversion of the starting material whereas a similar replacement of sodium cyanoborohydride with sodium borohydride almost exclusively produced THBC instead of the expected DMT. Compounds 1 to 7 were quantified and the limits of detection were 28.4, 87.7, 21.5, 23.4, 41.1, 36.6, and 34.9 ng mL−1, respectively. The limits of quantification for compounds 1 to 7 were 32.4, 88.3, 25.4, 24.6, 41.4, 39.9, and 37.0 µg mL−1, respectively. Linearity was observed in the range of 20.8–980 µg mL−1 with correlation coefficients > 0.99. The application holds great promise in the area of forensic chemistry where development of reliable analytical methods for the detection, identification, and quantification of DMT are crucial and also in pharmaceutical analysis where DMT might be prepared for use in human clinical studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new genetic algorithm with diploid chromosomes using probability decoding for adaptation to various environments
Authors: Kominami Manabu , Hamagami Tomoki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper proposes a new diploid operation technique using probability for function optimization in nonstationary environments and describes a feature of diploid genetic algorithms (GAs). The advantage of the technique over previous diploid GAs is that one genotype is transformed into many phenotypes based on probability. This transformation is not made at random. It has a certain range of probabilities. Each individual has a range. The range allows adaptation to various environments. The technique allows genes to give a probabilistic representation of dominance, and can maintain the diversity of individuals. The experimental results show that the technique can adapt to severe environmental changes where previous diploid GAs cannot adapt. This paper shows that the technique can find optimum solutions with high probability and that the distribution of individuals changes when the environment changes. In addition, by comparing the proposed diploid GA with a haploid GA whose chromosome is twice the length, the features of the diploid are described. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(8): 38–46, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10097
A method of solving scheduling problems using an improved guided genetic algorithm
Authors: Ou Gyouhi , Tamura Hiroki , Tanno Koichi , Tang Zheng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, an improved guided genetic algorithm is proposed for the job‐shop scheduling problem. The proposed method is improved by a genetic algorithm using multipliers which can be adjusted during the search process. Simulation results based on some benchmark problems demonstrate that the proposed method can find better solutions than the genetic algorithm and the original guided genetic algorithm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(8): 15–15, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10263
Competition between colitogenic Th1 and Th17 cells contributes to the amelioration of colitis
Authors: Mikami Yohei , Kanai Takanori , Sujino Tomohisa , Ono Yuichi , Hayashi Atsushi , Okazawa Akira , Kamada Nobuhiko , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Okamoto Susumu , Takaishi Hiromasa , Inoue Nagamu , Ogata Haruhiko , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTh17 cells and Th1 cells coordinate to play a critical role in the formation of inflammatory bowel diseases. To examine how Th17 and Th1 cells are regulated at inflammatory sites, we used Th1‐dominant CD4+CD45RBhigh T cell‐transferred RAG‐2−/− and Th1/Th17‐mixed IL‐10−/− mice. Interestingly, not only did colitic RAG‐2−/− mice that were parabiosed with WT mice show significant amelioration of colitis, but amelioration of disease was also observed in those parabiosed with colitic IL‐10−/− mice. To assess the interference between Th1 and Th17 colitogenic T cells, we co‐transferred colitogenic CD4+ T cells from the lamina propria (LP) of CD4+CD45RBhigh T cell‐transferred RAG‐2−/− mice and IL‐10−/− mice into RAG‐2−/− mice. Surprisingly, the co‐transferred RAG‐2−/− mice showed a vast cellular infiltration of LP CD4+ T cells similar to that seen in RAG‐2−/− mice re‐transferred with the cells from colitic RAG‐2−/− mice alone, but the co‐transferred RAG‐2−/− mice did not have the wasting symptoms, which are also absent in RAG‐2−/− mice transferred with cells from colitic IL‐10−/− mice alone. Furthermore, the percentages of Th1 and Th17 cells originating from IL‐10−/− mice and those of Th1 cells originating from colitic RAG‐2−/− mice were all significantly decreased in the co‐transferred mice as compared with the singly‐transferred paired RAG‐2−/− mice, suggesting that Th1 and Th17 cells are in competition, and that their orchestration results in a merged clinical phenotype of the two types of murine colitis.
Cytotoxins of the human pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila trigger, via the NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase‐1 activation in macrophages
Authors: McCoy Andrea J. , Koizumi Yukiko , Toma Claudia , Higa Naomi , Dixit Vishva , Taniguchi Shun'ichiro , Tschopp Jürg , Suzuki Toshihiko 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAeromonas hydrophila is a Gram‐negative pathogen that causes serious infectious disease in humans. A. hydrophila induces apoptosis in infected macrophages, but the host proinflammatory responses triggered by macrophage death are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the infection of mouse macrophages with A. hydrophila triggers the activation of caspase‐1 and release of IL‐1β. Caspase‐1 activation was abrogated in macrophages deficient in Nod‐like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), but not NLR family, CARD domain containing 4 (NLRC4). The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was mediated by three cytotoxins (aerolysin, hemolysin and multifunctional repeat‐in‐toxin) produced by A. hydrophila. Our results indicated that the NLRP3 inflammasome senses A. hydrophila infection through the action of bacterial cytotoxins.
Dynamics of oil quality parameters changes related to olive fruit fly attack
Authors: Koprivnjak Olivera , Dminić Ivana , Kosić Urška , Majetić Valerija , Godena Sara , Valenčič Vasilij 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn order to evaluate the role of intrinsic characteristics of olive cultivars on dynamics of oil quality parameters changes related to the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin)) attack, two specific olive cultivars were compared, Istarska bjelica and Buža. I. bjelica is characterised by late ripening, a lower flesh/stone mass ratio and higher oleic/linoleic ratio, the total phenols content and oil mass fraction compared to Buža. Oil samples were obtained at two harvesting dates, from fruit lots with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of infestation degree, expressed by mass. Oil and water content in olive paste, as well as total phenols, fatty acids composition and standard chemical and sensorial oil quality parameters were determined. At equal maturity level, the cultivar with a higher oil (24 ± 1% vs. 16 ± 1%) and lower water content (54 ± 2% vs. 61 ± 4%) was more susceptible to hydrolytic degradation, while the one with the lower total phenols content (231 ± 32 vs. 575 ± 124 mg/kg) and oleic/linoleic fatty acid ratio (5.7 vs. 9.1) was more liable to oxidative deterioration of oil. Lower susceptibility to negative flavours formation could be related to the absence of ripening induced by fly attack and less favourable environment for larvae growth (higher total phenols content, lower water content and flesh/stone mass ratio).Practical applications: Understanding the impact of olive fly attack is the basis of scientific and practical interest in the production of olives and olive oil. Different intrinsic characteristics of olive cultivars could lead to different susceptibility to oil quality deterioration caused by olive fly attack, which opens a possibility to adjust and minimise pesticide treatments. Knowledge about this topic could contribute to the reduction of costs of olive pests control, as well as to the improvement of quality and food safety concept in olive oil production.
Synthesis of 9‐Aryl‐9,10‐dihydrophenanthrenes by Domino [3+3] Annulation/Ring‐Opening/Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Reactions of 1,3‐Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes with 3‐Aroyl‐5‐aryl‐4,5‐dihydrofurans
Authors: Lau Matthias , Sher Muhammad , Villinger Alexander , Fischer Christine , Langer Peter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe reaction of 1,3‐bis(trimethylsilyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes with 3‐benzoyl‐5‐aryl‐4,5‐dihydrofurans, available by CAN‐mediated reaction of styrenes with benzoylacetones, afforded functionalized 9,10‐dihydrophenanthrenes. These reactions proceed by a novel domino [3+3] cyclization/ring‐opening/Friedel–Crafts alkylation process.
Water‐Accelerated Cationic π‐(7‐endo) Cyclisation: Application to Indole‐Based Peri‐Annulated Polyheterocycles
Authors: Saifuddin Mohammad , Agarwal Piyush K. , Sharma Sudhir K. , Mandadapu Anil K. , Gupta Sahaj , Harit Vimal K. , Kundu Bijoy 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn efficient and versatile method for the synthesis of indole‐based polycyclic indolo‐benzazepine and its derivatives through water‐accelerated cationic π‐cyclisation is described. The strategy involves condensation of arylamine moieties linked to C‐4 in indole/azaindole systems with arylaldehydes in water containing catalytic amount of Brønsted acids. The C–C bond formation in water is complete within 10–30 min, furnishing the title compounds in excellent yields and purities, whereas in organic solvents 10–12 h are required. Furthermore, aldehydes both with electron‐donating and‐withdrawing substituents facilitate the π‐cyclisation equally.
Morphologic study of mandibles in Japanese patients for mandibular reconstruction with fibula free flaps
Authors: Tsuchiya Sunao , Sakuraba Minoru , Asano Takayuki , Miyamoto Shimpei , Kimata Yoshihiro , Hayashi Ryuichi , Nakatsuka Takashi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground.In mandibular reconstruction with a fibula flap, 3‐dimensional models are sometimes used but are not available to all plastic surgeons. To establish a simpler method, we performed a morphologic study of the mandible.Methods.Three‐dimensional images of the mandible from 79 Japanese patients were analyzed. Four theoretical osteotomy points were placed on each image and the lengths of each segment and the angles between every 2 segments were measured.Results.The SDs of the angle formed by the right and left canines and the left mandibular angle; the angle formed by the left canine, the left mandibular angle, and the left condyle; and the segment between the canines were so small that these values would easily be exceeded by manipulation errors during an osteotomy.Conclusion.Mandibular bones show a close similarity among Japanese patients. Acceptably accurate osteotomies can thus be performed in Japanese patients without requiring accurate templates. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Snowmelt energetics at a shrub tundra site in the western Canadian Arctic
Authors: Marsh P. , Bartlett P. , MacKay M. , Pohl S. , Lantz T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSnow accumulation and melt were observed at shrub tundra and tundra sites in the western Canadian Arctic. End of winter snow water equivalent (SWE) was higher at the shrub tundra site than the tundra site, but lower than total winter snowfall because snow was removed by blowing snow, and a component was also lost to sublimation. Removal of snow from the shrub site was larger than expected because the shrubs were bent over and covered by snow during much of the winter. Although SWE was higher at the shrub site, the snow disappeared at a similar time at both sites, suggesting enhanced melt at the shrub site. The Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) was used to explore the processes controlling this enhanced melt. The spring‐up of the shrubs during melt had a large effect on snowmelt energetics, with similar turbulent fluxes and radiation above the canopy at both sites before shrub emergence and after the snowmelt. However, when the shrubs were emerging, conditions were considerably different at the two sites. Above the shrub canopy, outgoing shortwave radiation was reduced, outgoing longwave radiation was increased, sensible heat flux was increased and latent flux was similar to that at the tundra site. Above the snow surface at this site, incoming shortwave radiation was reduced, incoming longwave radiation was increased and sensible heat flux was decreased. These differences were caused by the lower albedo of the shrubs, shading of the snow, increased longwave emission by the shrub stems and decreased wind speed below the shrub canopy. The overall result was increased snowmelt at the shrub site. Although this article details the impact of shrubs on snow accumulation and melt, and energy exchanges, additional research is required to consider the effect of shrub proliferation on both regional hydrology and climate. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Crown in the right of Canada.
Interleukin‐8 is associated with proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and chemosensitivityin vitroandin vivoin colon cancer cell line models
Authors: Ning Yan , Manegold Philipp C. , Hong Young Kwon , Zhang Wu , Pohl Alexandra , Lurje Georg , Winder Thomas , Yang Dongyun , LaBonte Melissa J. , Wilson Peter M. , Ladner Robert D. , Lenz Heinz‐Josef 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInterleukin‐8 (IL‐8), a chemokine with a defining CXC amino acid motif, is known to possess tumorigenic and proangiogenic properties. Overexpression of IL‐8 has been detected in many human tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC), and is associated with poor prognosis. The goal of our study was to determine the role of IL‐8 overexpression in CRC cellsin vitroandin vivo. We stably transfected the IL‐8 cDNA into two human colon cancer cell lines, HCT116 and Caco2, and selected IL‐8‐secreting transfectants. Real‐time RT‐PCR confirmed that IL‐8 mRNA was overexpressed in IL‐8 transfectants with 45‐ to 85‐fold higher than parental cells. The IL‐8‐transfected clones secreted 19‐ to 28‐fold more IL‐8 protein than control and parental cells as detected by ELISA. The IL‐8 transfectants demonstrated increased cellular proliferation, cell migration and invasion based on functional assays. Growth inhibition studies showed that IL‐8 overexpression lead to a significant resistance to oxaliplatin (p< 0.0001). Inhibition of IL‐8 overexpression with small interfering RNA reversed the observed increases in tumorigenic functions and oxaliplatin resistance, suggesting that IL‐8 not only provides a proliferative advantage but also promotes the metastatic potential of colon cancer cells. Using a tumor xenograft model, IL‐8‐expressing cells formed significantly larger tumors than the control cells with increased microvessel density. Together, these findings indicate that overexpression of IL‐8 promotes tumor growth, metastasis, chemoresistance and angiogenesis, implying IL‐8 to be an important therapeutic target in CRC.
On‐the‐fly detection of changes on and below the surface in epithelium mucosal tissue architecture from scattered light
Authors: Cohen Fernand S. , Taslidere Ezgi , Murthy Sreekant 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper we present a technique to raise a flag on the fly when a transition occurs between different mucosal architectures on or below the surface. The segmentation is based on a novel difference metric for detecting an abrupt change in the parameters extracted from a Stochastic Decomposition Method (SDM) that models the scattered light reflected from the mucosal tissue structure over an area (2‐D scan) illuminated by an optical sensor (fiber) emitting light at either one wavelength or with white light. This work has the potential to enhance the endoscopist's ability to locate and identify abnormal mucosal architectures in particular when the disease is developing below the surface and hence becoming hidden during colonoscopy or endoscopic examination. It also has also potential in helping deciding as to when and where to take biopsies; steps that should lead to improvement in the diagnostic yield. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)