bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A76: Nuclear androgen receptor expression is linked to two SNPs in prostate tumor tissue
Authors: Judson Gregory , Sinnott Jennifer , Stark Jennifer , Penny Kathryn , Stampfer Meir , Hunter David , Loda Massimo , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Finn Stephen , Schumacher Fredrick , Giovannucci Edward , Mucci Lorelei 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A76

Introduction
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa), and down-regulated expression in prostatic epithelium is linked to decreased differentiation and increased proliferation of tumors cells. Genetic variation in the AR gene, located on the X-chromosome, has previously been linked with PCa risk. Whether the effect of AR variants on cancer risk is explained through regulation of prostate AR expression is not well understood. This study examines whether six SNPs located in AR, as well as the CAG repeat, are related to expression of cytoplasmic and nuclear AR in prostate tumor tissue.

Methods
We genotyped 6 SNPs with minor allele frequencies greater than 5% located in a 310 kb region overlapping the AR gene and the CAG repeat in 270 PCa cases diagnosed among participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and the Physicians Health Study. AR expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissue obtained from archival prostatectomy blocks. To determine if expression levels varied by genotype, we conducted an ANOVA analysis with AR expression modeled as the dependent variable.

Results
We found two SNPs that were significantly associated with AR nuclear expression. Men who carried the rs1337082 variant allele (18.2% of men) had reduced AR nuclear expression (p= 0.03) compared to wild-type in the non-adjusted analysis. In addition, men with the rs6152 variant allele (13.6% of men) also had decreased AR expression (p= 0.04) when adjusted for age at diagnosis. When adjusting for age, the association between rs1337082 and AR expression also became stronger (p= 0.02). The linkage disequilibrium R2 value was 0.63. Approximately 2% of the variation in AR expression can be explained by these two SNPs. The four other SNPs examined were weakly but not significantly associated with AR expression. CAG repeat length was not correlated with expression of AR.

Discussion
rs1337082 (approximately 40 kb downstream of AR) is an A/G polymorphism while rs6152 (exon 1) is a silent G/A polymorphism. The link between nuclear AR expression and these two non-coding SNPs provides evidence of novel genetic factors that may influence AR expression.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):A76.
Abstract A81: Cutaneous lymphoma incidence patterns in the United States: A population-based study of 3,884cases
Authors: Bradford Porcia , Devesa Susan , Toro Jorge 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A81

Background
Primary cutaneous lymphomas (CL) represent 27 % of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and are a diverse group of lymphoid neoplasms manifesting heterogeneous clinical, histologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular features. Given their rarity and heterogeneity, cutaneous lymphomas present substantial diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. There have been no prior large population-based descriptive studies focusing on CL in the United States.

Methods
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program, we analyzed CL incidence rates (IR) and patient relative survival rates according to race, gender, and histologic type using the 2005 criteria of the World Health Organization/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (WHO/EORTC) classification. Age-adjusted (2000 US standard) IR were calculated using the SEER*Stat software public use program version 6.4.4 (Surveillance Research Program); IR were expressed as new cases per 1,000,000 person-years and were analyzed by age, gender, race, ethnicity, and year of diagnosis.

Results
3,884 CL were diagnosed in 16 SEER registries during 2001 to 2005. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) were the most common group of cutaneous lymphomas (72%), while cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCLs) accounted for 28% of all cutaneous lymphomas. IR for both cell types of CL and their histologic subtypes were all higher among males than females. Overall age-adjusted CL IR were highest among Non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks (11.5/1,000,000 person-years), intermediate in Hispanic Whites (7.9), and lowest among Asian/Pacific Islanders (7.2). CTCL IR were highest among Blacks, whereas the IR of CBCL overall and subtypes were highest among Non-Hispanic Whites and lowest among Blacks. The 5-year relative survival rates for patients with CTCL and CBCL were 87% and 89%, respectively. Patients with primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma-leg type had the poorest survival rates (50%).

Conclusion
CL incidence rates vary markedly by race, gender, and histological type, supporting the notion that the histologic variants of CL represent distinct clinical entities. Further investigations using large populations and molecular tools are warranted to elucidate the etiology of the diverse spectrum of cutaneous lymphomas.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):A81.
Abstract A84: Grade- and stage-specific age incidence patterns of serous ovarian epithelial cancer among different racial and ethnic groups in the United States
Authors: Matsuno Rayna , Popovici Raluca , Grimley Philip , Anderson William , Visvanathan Kala 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A84

Background
Molecular and epidemiologic studies suggest that low- and high-grade serous ovarian epithelial cancers (sOEC) have distinct etiological pathways. However little is known about patterns in tumor grade and stage among different racial and ethnic groups in the US.

Methods
Data on sOEC (ICD-O-3 codes 8441, 8460-1) were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 17-registry database (SEER17) for non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), Hispanic Whites (HW), African Americans (AA), and Asian Pacific Islanders (API), ages 20-84 years, for the period 2000-2005. Tumor stage was based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer Classification (AJCC) 6th edition, and was categorized as early (Stage I-II) and late (Stage III-IV). Tumor grade was categorized as low (well or moderately differentiated) and high (poorly differentiated or undifferentiated). Overall age-adjusted and age-specific rates of sOEC were calculated and stratified by race/ethnicity, stage, and/or grade using Poisson regression. Likelihood ratio tests were used to assess age interactions; age-specific incidence rate curves were smoothed using regression splines.

Results
There were a total of n=11,569 cases of sOEC; of which 79.8% were NHW, 9.2% HW, 5.4% AA, and 5.3% API. The age-adjusted rate for high-grade sOEC was nearly three times the rate for low-grade sOEC (IRR=2.85). Within low-grade sOEC, the IRR=2.62 for late- to early-stage; within high grade sOEC, the IRR=6.67 for late- to early-stage. Age-specific rates were similar for all groups except HW. There was significant age interaction with tumor grade (p&lt;0.001 for both early and late stage), though within early-stage, the main effect of grade was non-significant (p=0.078). When age-specific rates were stratified by stage and grade, there was a highly significant age interaction in WH compared to WNH (reference group) in the late-stage/high-grade stratum (p=2.37x10-05).

Conclusion
Grade appears to play an important role in late-stage sOEC, particularly among WH. Though age incidence patterns by grade were generally similar among race/ethnicity groups in late-stage sOEC, the age incidence pattern for high-grade sOEC within late-stage was distinct for WH.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):A84.
Abstract A92: Oxidative stress, obesity, and breast cancer risk: results from the Shanghai women health study (SWHS).
Authors: Dai Qi , Gao Yu-Tang , Shu Xiao-Ou , Yang Gong , Milne Ginger , Cai Qiuyin , Wen Wanqing , Rothman Nathaniel , Cai Hui , Li Honglan , Xiang Yongbing , Chow Wong-Ho , Zheng Wei 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A92

Background
Increased reactive oxygen species may exhaust the antioxidant capability of human defense systems, leading to oxidative stress and cancer development. Urinary F2-isoprostanes, secondary end products of lipid peroxidation, are more accurate markers of oxidative stress than other available biomarkers. No prospective study has investigated whether levels of 15-F2t-Isop and its metabolite (15-F2t-IsopM) are related to breast cancer risk.

Methods
We conducted a nested case-control study within the Shanghai Women’s Health Study, a population-based cohort study of 74,942 Chinese women between 40 and 70 years of age. Prediagnostic urinary 15-F2t-Isop and 15-F2t-IsopM were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for 436 breast cancer cases and 852 individually matched controls.

Results
Urinary excretion of isoprostanes was not significantly different between cases and controls. However, among overweight women, levels of isoprostanes were positively associated with breast cancer risk, which became stronger with increasing BMI. Among women with a BMI≥29, the odds ratio (OR) increased to10.27 (2.41-43.80) for the highest compared to the lowest tertile of 15-F2t-IsopM (p for trend, 0.003; p for interaction, 0.0004). In contrast, 15-F2t-Isop and 15-F2t-IsopM were inversely associated with breast cancer risk among non-overweight women. Among women with a BMI≤23, breast cancer risk was reduced with increasing 15-F2t-Isop levels in a dose-response manner (p for trend, 0.006), with an OR of 0.46 (95%CI: 0.26-0.80) for the highest tertile versus the lowest (p for interaction, 0.006).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the role of oxidative stress in breast cancer development may depend on adiposity and menopausal status.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):A92.
Abstract A97: Obesity in relation to serum folates, plasma B12 and homocysteine in premenopausal African American women
Authors: Mahabir Somdat , Forman Michele , Hajek Richard , Shete Sanjay , Dong Yong , Brewster Abenaa , Gor Beverley , Pfeiffer Christine , Jones Lovell 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A97

Background
Lower folate status is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. Since pre-menopausal African American women have high rates of obesity, breast and colorectal cancers, understanding the link between obesity and folate metabolic status offers a mechanistic insight into the obesity-cancer connection.

Objective
We assessed the associations between serum total folate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5MeTHF), pteroylmonoglutamic acid (PGA), 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid (5FoTHF), tetrahydrofolic acid (THF]), plasma vitamin B12, and total homocysteine concentrations and obesity in pre-menopausal AA women (n=113).

Design
This was a cross sectional study conducted at the baseline segment of a dietary intervention study in which fasting samples were used for folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine measurements.

Results
In multivariable analysis, serum total folate concentrations were 14.5% lower in the overweight (BMI 25-29.9) and obese (BMI 30-39.9) women, and 25% lower in the extremely obese (BMI &gt;40) compared to normal weight (BMI &lt;24.9) women (p-trend=0.08). For 5MeTHF, the major form of folate in circulation, overweight women had 15.2% lower, obese women 15.7% lower, and extreme obese women 26.9% lower concentrations than normal weight women (p-trend=0.06). Also, the overweight and obese women were more likely to be in the lower 50th percentile of serum total folate (p-trend=0.03) and 5MeTHF (p-trend=0.08) concentrations compared to the normal weight women. There were no significant associations between BMI and the minor folate species, plasma B12, and homocysteine.

Conclusions
With obesity at epidemic levels, these data, if confirmed by prospective or randomized controlled studies, have important public health implications.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):A97.
Abstract B14: Howard University Cancer Center's Mammoday yields results in the fight against breast cancer
Authors: Regis Deon , Higginbotham Kimberly , Gaskins Melvin , Adams-Campbell Lucile , Dewitty Robert , Frederick Wayne , Spencer Cherie , Heyison Marc 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B14

Background
Washington D.C. has one of the highest breast cancer mortality rates in the country(30.3 per 100,000)*. In June 2003, Howard University Cancer Center started Mammoday, a free breast cancer screening program for women in the Washington, D.C. area to help remedy this egregious public health disparity. Mammograms, in conjunction with clinical breast exams, are provided to low income, underinsured or uninsured women who are at least 40 years of age.

Methods
All participants complete a survey that takes into account all of the major breast cancer risk factors before being examined by a physician. The women then receive a clinical breast examination and mammogram. If the results warrant further investigation, an ultrasound and biopsy is offered at no cost to the patient. If the findings are positive, the patient will receive assistance from a patient navigator to obtain the health coverage needed for treatment. The survey data, the clinical breast examination, and radiologic results are all recorded for analysis.

Results
Using a pure frequency analysis, with a sample size of 243 patients, 17.0% resulted in an abnormal clinical breast exam and 12.9% resulted in an abnormal mammogram. Over the four years that the program has been in existence, 304 women have received breast cancer screening and 10 women have been diagnosed with breast cancer.

Conclusion
The results prove the necessity for a screening program such as Mammoday, by discovering breast cancers that otherwise would have gone unnoticed . The importance of this program registers with the patients and leads to a follow-up rate of 19.4%.Due to its success, the program plans to expand by increasing the number of screenings per year in order to further impact the glaring statistics of breast cancer mortality in the District of Columbia.
*American Cancer Society, Surveillance Research , 2007
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B14.
Abstract B18: Pain, depression, and fatigue symptom cluster as a predictor of physical quality of life in advanced and recurrent cancer
Authors: Morrison Eleshia , Andersen Barbara 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B18
Pain, depression, and fatigue are common symptoms affecting quality of life (QoL) in cancer patients and survivors. Recent research has suggested the existence of a pain, depression, and fatigue (PDF) symptom cluster. The present study examined whether the PDF symptom cluster predicts physical QoL in cancer patients with advanced disease, an underrepresented group in this area of research. Method: Patients (N=121) with newly diagnosed advanced breast cancer (i.e. metastatic or recurrent disease) were accrued. Women were consecutive cases at a university-affiliated National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center or self- and physician-referred cases from the community. The Brief Pain Questionnaire (BPQ), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI) were used to measure pain, depression, and fatigue, respectively. The Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS) assessed functional status, which was used as a proxy for QoL. Patients were assessed at baseline, and 4, 8, and 12 month follow-ups. A composite score for pain, depression, and fatigue was calculated for each participant by adding the individual scores from each symptom scale. Hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to examine whether PDF predicted physical functioning over time, controlling for relevant disease and demographic variables. Results: Correlation analyses revealed strong positive intercorrelations between pain, depression, and fatigue at all time points. Analyses revealed that a lower PDF composite score at 4 months predicted greater physical functioning both at 8 months and 12 months (p&lt;0.05). Discussion: Results suggest that there may be a longitudinal effect of PDF symptom clustering on quality of life in these patients. Symptom management interventions may need to treat all three symptoms to be maximally effective. Future research could investigate mechanisms for the relationships among symptoms, or generate effective treatment strategies.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B18.
Abstract B25: Information on perceived breast cancer risk may help tailor risk assessment among high risk women
Authors: Sprenger Amber , Gross Amy , Axilbund Jennifer , Helzlsouer Kathy , Armstrong Deborah , May Betty , Visvanathan Kala 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B25
Information on perceived breast cancer risk may help tailor risk assessment among high risk women. /&gt;Background: Women with a family history of breast cancer (FHBC) are believed to overestimate their breast cancer risk more than women from the general population. However there is little research examining which factors predict variations in perceived and actual risk among women with FHBC. We examined whether specific lifestyle and demographic factors are associated with over- or under-estimating BC risk. Methods: Cross-sectional data on 767 women with FHBC who attended the Breast and Ovarian Surveillance Service clinic at Johns Hopkins between February 1996 and March 2008 and were cancer-free were identified from a prospective database. Prior to their appointment women completed a questionnaire measuring breast cancer risk perception (5-year and life-time) and demographic and lifestyle behaviors. Detailed information on family history was also provided. Actual risk was determined using the Tyrer-Cuzick model. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of being an over-estimator or under-estimator (in comparison with accurate estimators) were estimated from age-adjusted logistic regression. Results: Risk estimates were provided by 69% (531) of women. Those who did not provide risk estimates had significantly more breast cancer-affected family members (p = 0.040) and were more likely to be African American (p=.016). The median actual risk level was 23.79% (range: 0.70%-96.33%). In comparison with women who were accurate in their BC risk estimates (n=92), women who underestimated their lifetime BC risks by more than 10 percentage points (n=37) were younger (OR=0.94, 95%CI 0.90-0.98). In comparison to accurate women, women who overestimated their lifetime BC risk by more than 30 percentage points (n = 295) had a higher body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.08, 95%CI 1.03-1.13), had fewer years of education (OR=0.86, 95%CI 0.75-0.99), had more family members affected with BC (OR=1.28, 95%CI 1.02-1.60), and were more likely to have ever smoked (OR=1.79, 95%CI 1.08-2.97). Conclusion: Distinct profiles were observed for women who underestimated, overestimated or were accurate in their risk perception suggesting they may benefit from more tailored approaches to risk assessment.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B25.
Abstract B78: The X protein of hepatitis B virus induces PI3K/Akt pathway to overcome gentoxic stress-related cyclin D1 degradation and growth arrest
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Mukherji Atish , Janbandhu Vaibhao 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B78
Growth arrest represents an innate barrier to carcinogenesis. DNA damage and replicational stress are known to induce growth arrest and apoptotic death to avert genomic instability and consequently carcinogenesis. Working on the genotoxic stress induced by hydroxyurea and methylmethanesulfone, we observed a growth arrest at G1/S-phase that was mediated by destabilization of cyclin D1. The growth arrest was independent of the stability of cdc25A and preceded transcriptional up-regulation of p21waf1. Cyclin D1 destabilization involved its phosphorylation by GSK-3beta at threonine-286 since overexpression of the kinase-dead mutant of GSK-3beta or cyclin D1T286A mutant conferred stability to cyclin D1. Further, overexpression of cyclin D1T286A also helped in bypassing G1/S phase growth arrest. We also observed a rapid inactivation of Akt/PKB kinase in the presence of hydroxyurea. Enforced expression of the constitutively active Akt or viral oncoprotein HBx was sufficient to overcome growth arrest independent of ATR signaling and stabilized cyclin D1. Thus, the present work not only establishes cyclin D1 to be a novel mediator of genetoxic stress signaling but also explains how a deregulated mitogenic signaling or a viral oncoprotein can help bypass growth arrest.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B78.
Abstract B81: Human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16) detected in squamous cell lung cancer.
Authors: Aguayo Francisco , Castillo Andres , Koriyama Chihaya , Eizuru Yoshito , Akiba Suminori 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
B81

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an epitheliotrophic double stranded DNA virus that has been found in lung cancer at variable frequencies around the world. The role of HPV in the etiology of this neoplasia and a specific association with histological type remain controversial. We previously reported HPV was associated with squamous cell lung carcinomas from Chile and HPV-16 was integrated into the host genome with low viral load.

Material and Methods
In order to study HPV presence and role in other countries, 60 lung carcinomas from Asia (China, Pakistan and Papua New Guinea) were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HPV-16 integration status and viral load was determined using real-time PCR and HPV-16 E6 protein expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. In order to determine the role of HPV-16 variants, L1 and E6 regions were sequenced in squamous lung carcinomas and cervical carcinomas from Chile.

Results
We detected high-risk HPV-16 in 8/60 (13%) specimens. According to histological type, HPV-16 was detected in 8/18 (44%) squamous cell carcinomas, 0/38 (0%) adenocarcinomas and in 0/4 (0%) small cell carcinomas and this difference was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001). HPV-16 viral load was ranged between 411 to 2345 copies/100 ng of genomic DNA. We found that in 63% of positive samples, the HPV-16 genome was fully integrated into the host genome. HPV-16 E6 oncoprotein expression was detected in 1/8 (12.5%) HPV-16 positive cases. In addition, HPV-16 Asian-American (AA) variant with higher oncogenic potential was predominant in squamous cell carcinomas from Chile compared with European (E) variant that was predominant in cervical carcinomas.

Conclusion
Taken together, these findings suggest that HPV infection might be associated with a subset of squamous cell lung carcinomas and suggest a differential tropism of HPV-16 variants in bronchial and cervical epithelia. More studies about etiological role of HPV and the specific role of HPV-16 AA variant in squamous cell lung carcinomas development are warranted.
This work was financed by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (12218231 and 17015037) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B81.