bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Benefits of Dietary Silymarin and Selenium on Growth, Immune Functions, Antioxidants, and Gut/Liver Health of Thinlip Mullet (Liza ramada) Juveniles
Authors: Shehata Akram Ismael , Shahin Shimaa A. , Elmaghraby Ayaat M. , Alhoshy Mayada , Soliman Ali A. , Amer Asem A. , Habib Yusuf Jibril , Gewaily Mahmoud S. , El Basuini Mohammed F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the synergistic impact of silymarin (SI) levels combined with inorganic selenium (sodium selenite: Se) on growth, feed utilization, biochemical parameters, antioxidants, innate immunity, intestinal and liver histology, and gene expression of thinlip mullet (Liza ramada) juveniles. The experimental design involved thinlip mullets initially weighing 3.5±0.13 g, distributed in a completely randomized design with 30 fish per hapa (0.5 × 0.5 × 1 m), and conducted in triplicate over 60 days. Seven experimental diets were employed, including a control (without SI and Se supplementation), a negative control (with only Se supplementation), and four treatments with varying levels of silymarin (250, 450, 650, 850 mg/kg) alongside selenium (0.5 mg/kg diet). The growth performance results highlighted significant enhancements in final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate, particularly in the SI 850 mg/kg + Se treatment. Survival rates, feed intake, and feed conversion ratios showed positive trends across the SI-Se supplemented groups. Biochemical profiles of serum exhibited that the control diet induced elevated concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and urea, while Se or SI supplementation significantly mitigated these levels, with the lowest concentrations observed in the SI-Se supplemented groups. Moreover, SI supplementation increased serum protein content. Antioxidant enzyme activities, represented by superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and catalase (GPx), demonstrated notable improvements in the SI-Se fortified groups, with significantly elevated GPx activity compared to the Se-supplemented and control groups. Immune system responses, including lysozyme, bactericidal, nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT%), and serum alternative complement pathway (ACH50) activities, were highest in the SI-Se augmented groups. SI and Se in L. ramada reduce liver pro-inflammatory gene expression (IL-1
β, hepcidin) vs. control group. Histological examinations of the intestine and liver depicted structural enhancements, especially at moderate and high levels of SI with Se supplementation. The results indicate improved intestinal villi morphology and hepatic architecture, supporting the positive influence of dietary treatments on the health of thinlip mullet juveniles. In conclusion, the combined supplementation of SI at 850 mg/kg diet and Se at 0.5 mg/kg diet positively influenced the growth, biochemical profiles, antioxidant status, immune responses, gene expression, and histological integrity of thinlip mullet juveniles, providing valuable insights for optimizing aquafeed formulations.
Impact of Feeding Artemia franciscana Enriched with Various Oil Resources on Growth, Blood Biochemical and Behavioral Indices, and Survival of Oreochromis Niloticus
Authors: Zidan Emad M. , Goma Amira A. , Tohamy Hossam G. , Shukry Mustafa , Naiel Mohammed A.E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The main objective of the present trial was to examine the efficacy of feeding tilapia fry fish on Artemia franciscana diets supplemented with various oil emulsion resources in terms of performance, behavior indices, survival rate, blood biochemical parameters, and immunological response. Four hundred Nile tilapia fry (weighing 0.15±0.05 g and measuring 2.17±0.08 cm) were randomly allocated into four equal groups (each with five repetitions) and acclimatized for fifteen days. The first group served as the control and received unenriched Artemia franciscana (G0), while the remaining three groups were fed Artemia franciscana diets enriched with different oil resources (0.5 mL oil per liter for 6 hours): soybean oil (G1), sesame oil (G2), and rice bran oil (G3). Behavioral observations were recorded during the 45-day experimental period. At the end of the feeding trial, the chemical composition and fatty acid content of both Artemia and fingerlings were analyzed. Furthermore, the growth performance, survival, and immune response of the fingerlings were evaluated. The results indicated noticeable improvements in behavioral measurements (feeding, foraging and schooling), performance (final length, final weight, net weight gain, feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate), survival, and immune response among fry fish supplemented with enriched Artemia, particularly those enriched with soybean oil. Additionally, the chemical composition and fatty acid content of both Artemia and fish fry were significantly enhanced when oil emulsions are applied, with soybean oil demonstrating the most prominent improvements. Whereas, supplementing fry fish Artemia diets with oil resulted in lower liver enzyme activity and higher protein component levels in plasma in comparison to the control group. In brief, feeding Nile tilapia fry fish Artemia diets enriched with a soybean oil emulsion (0.5 mL/L) is recommended for promoting high performance, immunological activity, and survival throughout the early stage till fingerlings phase.
Persistent chronic calcific pancreatitis with intraductal calculi associated with secondary diabetes mellitus type 3 and diabetic ketoacidosis – A case report
Authors: Bahl Gurusha , Upadhyay Dinesh K. , Varma Madhumati , Singh Rajveer , Das Subhankar , Hussain Sadique 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 3 refers to diabetes secondary to an existing disease or condition of the exocrine pancreas and is an uncommon cause of diabetes occurring due to pancreatogenic pathology. It accounts for 15–20% of diabetic patients in Indian and Southeast Asian continents. This is case report of a rare case of type 3 diabetes mellitus (T3DM) presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The patient was admitted for DKA along with complaint of hyperglycemia, blood glucose of 405 mg/dl with HbA1c level of 13.7%. Computed tomography evidence revealed chronic calcific pancreatitis with intraductal calculi and dilated pancreatic duct.
Oxytocin, GABA, and dopamine interplay in autism
Authors: Havranek Tomas , Bacova Zuzana , Bakos Jan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Oxytocin plays an important role in brain development and is associated with various neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Abnormalities in the production, secretion, and distribution of oxytocin in the brain, at least during some stages of the development, are critical for the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases, particularly in the autism spectrum disorder. The etiology of autism includes changes in local sensory and dopaminergic areas of the brain, which are also supplied by the hypothalamic sources of oxytocin. It is very important to understand their mutual relationship. In this review, the relationship of oxytocin with several components of the dopaminergic system, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory neurotransmission and their alterations in the autism spectrum disorder is discussed. Special attention has been paid to the results describing a reduced expression of inhibitory GABAergic markers in the brain in the context of dopaminergic areas in various models of autism. It is presumed that the altered GABAergic neurotransmission, due to the absence or dysfunction of oxytocin at certain developmental stages, disinhibits the dopaminergic signaling and contributes to the autism symptoms.
Restrictions applied by WTO countries in international trade in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fronczek Małgorzata 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
The present article discusses changes in tariff and non-tariff restrictions applied in World Trade Organization (WTO) countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
The employed research tools were a review and analysis of literature along with source statistical data of WTO, UNCTAD, OECD, and ITC.

Findings
During the pandemic, the average level of tariffs in the WTO countries did not change significantly. From 2019 to 2021, the standard level of duties amounted to less than 15% in more than 90% of the member states. In contrast, 2020 saw an unprecedented increase since 1995 in the number of new non-tariff measures introduced without prior notification. As a result, the restrictions applied as a whole covered the most significant part of world trade since 2009 (13.6%). The newly introduced restrictive measures affected trade worth US$68.8 billion in 2020, i.e., over half as much as in 2019 (US$46.2 billion).

Originality
A noneconomic factor (pandemic) caused the WTO countries to introduce restrictions that were permitted but eluded normal procedures. This calls into question the effectiveness of liberalization measures within the WTO.
Sensitivity study of a locally developed six electrode focused impedance method
Authors: Khanal Trilochan , Rabbani K Siddique-e 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Focused Impedance Method (FIM) is a new technique of electrical bioimpedance measurements in the human body. The idea originated in Bangladesh and provides an opportunity for localized measurement of bioimpedance down to reasonable depths from the body surface using skin surface electrodes. This has potential applications for physiological studies of targeted organs in the body and in detecting or diagnosing diseases and disorders. FIM is based on the age-old Tetra-Polar Impedance Measurement (TPIM) but provides a few significant improvements.
Technology must be developed indigenously to obtain long-term benefits, particularly in Low and Medium Income countries (LMIC). This paper presents an experimental sensitivity study of the six-electrode version of the Focused Impedance method (FIM-6) with the circuit and phantom indigenously designed in Nepal. The work involved sensitivity studies of both FIM-6 and TPIM with the necessary circuit blocks developed through experimental validation. The sensitivity studies were performed on a simple 2D phantom with different electrode arrangements for FIM-6 and linear TPIM. A cylindrical object was placed at different positions for this study. The FIM-6 gave a high sensitivity in the central part, which remained almost constant within a small region that may be termed as the focused region. On the other hand, TPIM results fell off sharply away from the central point, making it unsuitable for practical measurements on target organs. Besides, there were areas with large negative sensitivities in TPIM, which were much smaller in FIM. The results obtained through this work clearly show the improvement offered by FIM over TPIM.
Evaluation of respiratory allergies burden and management in primary care and comparative analysis of health care data from Romania, Poland, Czech Republic and Bulgaria – preliminary study
Authors: Leru Polliana Mihaela , Anton Vlad Florin , Chovancova Zita , Baros Jan , Socha Konrad , Petkova Valentina , Kurowski Marcin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Respiratory allergies mostly allergic rhinitis and asthma represent an important and increasing public health problem and one of the priorities for the European health systems. There is an increasing public concern regarding the persistence and severity of allergic diseases and many difficulties of health systems in providing prompt specialized medical assistance. Our study aims to highlight the main results of the Alliance 4Life project focused on the evaluation of the burden and management of respiratory allergies in primary care from Romania and comparative health-related data from four Central and Eastern European countries.
Method: We developed a questionnaire focused on patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma directly addressed to general practitioner (GP) specialists from Romania who attended the annual national conference in Bucharest.
Results: The main results showed that patients with respiratory allergies are frequently encountered in primary care practice, only a few patients are evaluated by allergists and there is a clear need for education in this field.
Conclusions: This preliminary study confirms that respiratory allergies represent a considerable burden in primary care and the questionnaire may be a useful tool in further studies considering the experience of other healthcare systems. More advanced studies integrating epidemiology with data on air pollution and environmental conditions should be envisaged.
The Applicable Law Upon Minor
Authors: Ghazleh Ali mohammad Abu , Khawaldeh Ahmed M. , Battah Mohammad Tawfeq , Aljuneidi Fadel Mansour , Bqoour Karimeh Jalal 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study focuses on the applicable law concerning minors, specifically individuals who have not yet reached the legal age as defined by the laws of their respective countries.

Methodology: the author utilized the comparative method to analyze the Jordanian law in relation to other legal systems, such as Egyptian law and others. He employed the deductive method, drawing evidence from legal texts and international treaties.

Research Findings: The research uncovered significant insights, highlighting how variations in the sources of personal status across countries, such as marriage and guardianship, have resulted in the regulation of minors under personal status laws. In Arab and Islamic nations, Islamic sharia law as the predominant basis for personal status. Consequently, it is deemed inappropriate for minors to be governed by a law that does not align with their own personal status law, which is characterized by religious principle.

Research Implication: one of the key challenges for foreign minors is determining the applicable law. The law that governs minors is their personal law, which is the law of the state they belong to based on the principle of nationality. This approach is adopted by Jordanian and Egyptian laws, known by its stability and resistance to easy change. It also takes into account various factors such as economic, social and political interests.

Originality/ Value: this study offers solutions for applicable law upon minor, some ideas and theories were discussed that dealt with solutions regarding minor and the law that must be applied on them, in addition, this study explains how the modern states treats with applicable law upon minor.
The Influence of Marketing Mix, Service Quality, and Image on Trust and Satisfaction of Inpatients in Makassar City Hospitals
Authors: R. Andi Erni Amelia I. , Nurnajamuddin Mahfud , Semmaila Baharuddin , Hasan Sabri 
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The objective of this research is to test and analyze the influence of three main factors - marketing mix, service quality, and image - on the trust and satisfaction of inpatients at hospitals in Makassar City.

Methods: This research utilizes primary data collected through the distribution of questionnaires to 215 respondents. The data are then analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) in Smart PLS version 4 to test and analyze the relationships between the variables.

Results: The results of the study indicate that while the marketing mix has a positive effect on the trust of inpatients in Makassar City hospitals, this effect is not significant. However, service quality and image both have a positive and significant effect on the trust of inpatients. Furthermore, the marketing mix has a positive and significant effect on inpatient satisfaction, but its effect on trust is not significant. Service quality also positively influences inpatient satisfaction significantly, while image has a significant positive effect on inpatient satisfaction. Trust is found to positively and significantly affect inpatient satisfaction. Additionally, service quality and image have positive and significant effects on inpatient satisfaction through trust.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of service quality and image in building trust among inpatients at hospitals in Makassar City. While the marketing mix does have some influence on trust and satisfaction, its impact is not as significant as service quality and image. Moreover, trust plays a crucial role in determining inpatient satisfaction, as service quality and image influence satisfaction primarily through trust. These findings emphasize the significance of maintaining high service quality standards and cultivating a positive image to enhance trust and satisfaction levels among inpatients in hospital settings.
The Influence of Islamic Leadership, Mujahadah, and Work Motivation on the Performance of State Madrasah Aliyah Educators in South Sulawesi
Authors: Bunyamin Andi , Sofian Usman , Ramly Mansyur , Semmaila Baharuddin , Hasibuddin M. 
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The research aims to analyze several key factors: Islamic leadership, educator mujahadah, educator work motivation, and the performance of educators in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) institutions in South Sulawesi. Methods: To achieve its objectives, the research employs primary data collected through a survey involving all madrasa heads and MAN educators in South Sulawesi, with a sample size of 170 participants. The research utilizes various instruments such as questionnaires, interview guides, observation sheets, and documentation. The collected data are analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis conducted with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. Results: The findings of the research reveal several significant insights. Firstly, the Islamic leadership of MAN heads in South Sulawesi is predominantly categorized as high, although a notable 33 per cent fall within the medium category. Further results regarding educator mujahadah, educator work motivation, and educator performance are not provided in the initial excerpt. Conclusion: While the conclusion of the research is not yet fully elaborated, the initial findings suggest a predominance of high Islamic leadership among MAN heads in South Sulawesi. This indicates a potentially positive influence on the educational environment within these institutions. Further analysis of educator mujahadah, educator work motivation, and educator performance will likely provide deeper insights into the dynamics of education in the region.
İNFRAİNGUİNAL ARTERYEL TIKAYICI HASTALIKTA ATEREKTOMİNİN ERKEN SONUÇLARI
Authors: Yılmaz Seyhan , Kızıltan Feryaz 
Published: April 2024

Amaç: Tıkayıcı periferik arter hastalığı tedavisinde aterektomi veya stent implantasyonu gibi ek tekniklerin balon anjioplastinin etkinliğini arttırmak için kullanılabilecekleri bildirilmekte olup aterektomi işleminin ciddi plakların hacminin azaltılması, balon anjiyoplasti için gerekli olan basınçların düşürülmesi ve damarın yeniden şekillendirilmesine imkân sağlama prensibi temelinde gerçekleştirdiği bildirilmektedir. Bu işleme yönelik mevcut verilerin genellikle tıkayıcı periferik arter hastalarını içeren çok az sayıdaki tek kollu veriler ve tek merkezli çalışmalarla sınırlı olduğu bildirilmektedir. Çalışmamızda infrainguinal tıkayıcı arteryel hastalıklı hastalarda aterektomi deneyimimize ait erken dönem sonuçlarımızı yayınlamayı ve literatür eşliğinde tartışmayı amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Retrospektif çalışmamız şikâyetleri nedeniyle başarılı endovasküler revaskülarizasyon uygulanmış tıkayıcı infrainguinal arteryel hastalıklı hastalardan periferik rotasyonel aterektomi işlemi uygulanmış olanlarda gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların tıkayıcı infrainguinal arteryel hastalığı işlem öncesinde görüntüleme yöntemleri ile tespit edilmişti. Aynı seansta hibrit revaskülarizasyon	prosedürü	uygulanmış,	akut tromboembolektomi uygulanmış, endovasküler anevrizma tamiri uygulanmış, mevcut hastalıkları nedeniyle periferik bypass operasyonu uygulanmış hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmediler. Tüm işlemler angiografi ünitesinde veya skopi cihazı eşliğinde kalp ve damar cerrahisi ameliyat salonunda gerçekleştirilmişti.
Bulgular: Çalışmada değerlendirilen 13 hastanın yaş ortalaması 65.23±13.57 idi. İşlemlerin 3 tanesinde intraprosedürel diseksiyon saptandı ve eş zamanlı stent implantasyonu ile tedavi edilmişlerdi. İşlemlerin 8 tanesinde stent implantasyonu (diseksiyon veya yetersiz lümen açıklığı nedeniyle) gerçekleştirilmişti. Çalışma hastalarının işlem sonrası servis takibinde mortalite ve psödoanevrizma saptanamamıştı.
Sonuç: Özellikle ciddi kalsifikasyonlar ve uzun segment oklüzyonların varlığında aterektomi ygulanmasının tıkayıcı infrainguinal arteryel hastalıkta güvenli ve etkili bir tedavi alternatifi olabileceğini ve bununla ilgili prospektif çalışmalar yapılmasının faydalı olacağını düşünmekteyiz.
The revival of traditional culture as an element of the national security policy of the Central Asian countries in the 1991-2010's.
Authors: Katagoshchina Marya Vsevolodovna , Panaev Nikita Sergeevich 
Published: April 2024

The subject of the study is the formation of one of the ideological components of national security policy in the countries of the Central Asian region (CAR) - the concept of preserving historical, cultural and religious traditions as the basis of social stability and security. The authors focus on the process of incorporating this concept into the theory and practice of ensuring the national security of the CAR countries at different historical stages of their development after 1991. The objects of the research are scientific theories and legal acts reflecting the relationship between culture and security in the Central Asian states, official statements and writings of the first President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, and other political leaders of Central Asia. The article touches upon the problems of countering radical religious movements and other ideological influences from outside by the CAR states, and shows the controversial nature of the measures taken in this area by the authorities of Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan. Methodologically, the research is based on a civilizational approach to understanding the historical process, as well as on the idea of the influence of geopolitical trends on the internal life of countries and peoples of the modern world, including the Central Asian region. The work is based on the principles of historicism and consistency, using chronological, synchronous, dichronous, comparative and other methods of historical research. The novelty of the study lies in the generalization of data revealing the role of traditional values in the security systems of the CAR countries. The results of the work include a set of facts and theoretical provisions on the evolution of the security ideology of the CAR countries and can be used in scientific projects in the field of universal history and political science. The authors conclude that the revival of traditional culture and the local version of Islam (Hanafism) in the 1991-2010's were consistently considered by the leaders of the CAR countries as one of the most important factors in strengthening the state, its independence and international authority. This line was carried out most fully and consistently in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, which was reflected in the development programs, legislation, scientific and journalistic literature of these countries. There is a tendency in Kazakhstan to integrate cultural policy based on traditional civilizational values with national security policy.