bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Literature-based discovery of diabetes- and ROS-related targets
Authors: Hur Junguk , Sullivan Kelli A , Schuyler Adam D , Hong Yu , Pande Manjusha , States David J , Jagadish H V , Feldman Eva L 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known mediators of cellular damage in multiple diseases including diabetic complications. Despite its importance, no comprehensive database is currently available for the genes associated with ROS.

Methods
We present ROS- and diabetes-related targets (genes/proteins) collected from the biomedical literature through a text mining technology. A web-based literature mining tool, SciMiner, was applied to 1,154 biomedical papers indexed with diabetes and ROS by PubMed to identify relevant targets. Over-represented targets in the ROS-diabetes literature were obtained through comparisons against randomly selected literature. The expression levels of nine genes, selected from the top ranked ROS-diabetes set, were measured in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of diabetic and non-diabetic DBA/2J mice in order to evaluate the biological relevance of literature-derived targets in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.

Results
SciMiner identified 1,026 ROS- and diabetes-related targets from the 1,154 biomedical papers (http://jdrf.neurology.med.umich.edu/ROSDiabetes/). Fifty-three targets were significantly over-represented in the ROS-diabetes literature compared to randomly selected literature. These over-represented targets included well-known members of the oxidative stress response including catalase, the NADPH oxidase family, and the superoxide dismutase family of proteins. Eight of the nine selected genes exhibited significant differential expression between diabetic and non-diabetic mice. For six genes, the direction of expression change in diabetes paralleled enhanced oxidative stress in the DRG.

Conclusions
Literature mining compiled ROS-diabetes related targets from the biomedical literature and led us to evaluate the biological relevance of selected targets in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
Feedback inhibition of L1 and alu retrotransposition through altered double strand break repair kinetics
Authors: Wallace Nicholas A , Belancio Victoria P , Faber Zach , Deininger Prescott 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundCells adapt to various chronic toxic exposures in a multitude of ways to minimize further damage and maximize their growth potential. Expression of L1 elements in the human genome can be greatly deleterious to cells, generating numerous double strand breaks (DSBs). Cells have been reported to respond to chronic DSBs by altering the repair of these breaks, including increasing the rate of homology independent DSB repair. Retrotransposition is strongly affected by proteins involved in DSB repair. Therefore, L1 expression has the potential to be a source of chronic DSBs and thus bring about the changes in cellular environment that could ultimately restrict its own retrotransposition.ResultsWe demonstrate that constitutive L1 expression leads to quicker DSB repair and decreases in the retrotransposition potential of L1 and other retrotransposons dependent on L1 expression for their mobility. This cellular adaptation results in reduced sensitivity to L1 induced toxicity. These effects can be induced by constitutive expression of the functional L1 ORF2 alone, but not by the constitutive expression of an L1 open reading frame 2 with mutations to its endonuclease and reverse transcriptase domains. This adaptation correlates with the relative activity of the L1 introduced into the cells.ConclusionsThe increased number of DSBs resulting from constitutive expression of L1 results in a more rapid rate of repair. The cellular response to this L1 expression also results in attenuation of retrotransposition and reduced sensitivity of the cells to negative consequences of L1 ORF2 expression. The influence does not appear to be through RNA interference. We believe that the increased rate of DSB repair is the most likely cause of the attenuation of retrotransposition. These alterations act as a fail safe mechanism that allows cells to escape the toxicity associated with the unchecked L1 expression. This gives cells that overexpress L1, such as tumor cells, the ability to survive the high levels of expression. However, the increased rate of break repair may come at the cost of accuracy of repair of the lesion, resulting in increased genomic instability.
Comparison of 3T MR scanners in regional cartilage-thickness analysis in osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional multicenter, multivendor study
Authors: Balamoody Sharon , Williams Tomos G , Waterton John C , Bowes Michael , Hodgson Richard , Taylor Chris J , Hutchinson Charles E 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Cartilage thickness from MR images has been identified as a possible biomarker in knee osteoarthritis (OA) research. The ability to acquire MR data at multiple centers by using different vendors' scanners would facilitate patient recruitment and shorten the duration of OA trials. Several vendors manufacture 3T MR scanners, including Siemens, Philips Medical Systems, and GE Healthcare. This study investigates whether quantitative MR assessments of cartilage morphology are comparable between scanners of three different vendors.

Methods
Twelve subjects with symptoms of knee OA and one or more risk factors had their symptomatic knee scanned on each of the three vendor's scanners located in three sites in the UK: Manchester (Philips), York (GE), and Liverpool (Siemens). The NIH OAI study protocol was used for the Siemens scanner, and equivalent protocols were developed for the Philips and GE scanners with vendors' advice. Cartilage was segmented manually from sagittal 3D images. By using recently described techniques for Anatomically Corresponded Regional Analysis of Cartilage (ACRAC), a statistical model was used anatomically to align all the images and to produce detailed maps of mean differences in cartilage-thickness measures between scanners. Measures of cartilage mean thickness were computed in anatomically equivalent regions for each subject and scanner image.

Results
The ranges of mean cartilage-thickness measures for this cohort were similar for all regions and across all scanners. Philips intrascanner root-mean-square coefficients of variation were low in the range from 2.6% to 4.6%. No significant differences were found for thickness measures of the weight-bearing femorotibial regions from the Philips and Siemens images except for the central medial femur compartment (P = 0.04). Compared with the other two scanners, the GE scanner provided consistently lower mean thickness measures in the central femoral regions (mean difference, -0.16 mm) and higher measures in the tibial compartments (mean difference, +0.19 mm).

Conclusions
The OAI knee-imaging protocol, developed on the Siemens platform, can be applied to research and trials by using other vendors' 3T scanners giving comparable morphologic results. Accurate sequence optimization, differences in image postprocessing, and extremity coil type are critical factors for interscanner precision of quantitative analysis of cartilage morphology. It is still recommended that longitudinal observations on individuals should be performed on the same scanner and that assessment of intra- and interscanner precision errors is undertaken before commencement of the main study.
Resistin is associated with mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Dong Xiao-Qiao , Yang Song-Bin , Zhu Fang-Long , Lv Qing-Wei , Zhang Guo-Hai , Huang Hang-Bin 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Recently, we reported that high levels of resistin are present in the peripheral blood of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and are associated with a poor outcome. However, not much is known regarding the change in plasma resistin and its relation with mortality after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thus, we sought to investigate change in plasma resistin level after TBI and to evaluate its relation with disease outcome.

Methods
Fifty healthy controls and 94 patients with acute severe TBI were included. Plasma samples were obtained on admission and at days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 after TBI. Its concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Twenty-six patients (27.7%) died from TBI within 1 month. After TBI, plasma resistin level in patients increased during the 6-hour period immediately after TBI, peaked within 24 hours, plateaued at day 2, decreased gradually thereafter and was substantially higher than that in healthy controls during the 7-day period. A forward stepwise logistic regression selected plasma resistin level (odds ratio, 1.107; 95% confidence interval, 1.014-1.208; P = 0.023) as an independent predictor for 1-month mortality of patients. A multivariate linear regression showed that plasma resistin level was negatively associated with Glasgow Coma Scale score (t = -6.567, P < 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic curve identified plasma resistin cutoff level (30.8 ng/mL) that predicted 1-month mortality with the optimal sensitivity (84.6%) and specificity (75.0%) values (area under curve, 0.854; 95% confidence interval, 0.766-0.918; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Increased plasma resistin level is found and associated with Glasgow Coma Scale score and mortality after TBI.
Hyperoncotic colloids and acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Wiedermann Christian J , Dunzendorfer Stefan , Gaioni Luigi U , Zaraca Francesco , Joannidis Michael 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIntroductionIt has been hypothesized that hyperoncotic colloids might contribute to acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the validity of this hypothesis remains unclear.MethodsA meta-analysis was conducted of randomized controlled trials evaluating AKI after infusion of hyperoncotic albumin and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions. Mortality was a secondary endpoint. Eligible trials were sought by multiple methods, and the pooled odds ratios (OR) for AKI and death and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed under a random effects model.ResultsEleven randomized trials with a total of 1220 patients were included: 7 evaluating hyperoncotic albumin and 4 hyperoncotic HES. Clinical indications were ascites, surgery, sepsis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Hyperoncotic albumin decreased the odds of AKI by 76% (OR, 0.24; CI, 0.12-0.48;P< 0.0001), while hyperoncotic HES increased those odds by 92% (OR, 1.92; CI, 1.31-2.81;P= 0.0008). Parallel effects on mortality were observed, with hyperoncotic albumin reducing the odds of death by 48% (OR, 0.52; CI, 0.28-0.95;P= 0.035) and hyperoncotic HES raising those odds by 41% (OR, 1.41; CI, 1.01-1.96;P= 0.043).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis does not support the hypothesis that hyperoncotic colloid solutionsper seinjure the kidney. Renal effects appear instead to be colloid-specific, with albumin displaying renoprotection and HES showing nephrotoxicity.
Normal Cortisol Response to High-Dose Synacthen and Insulin Tolerance Test in Children and Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Farholt Stense , Sode-Carlsen Rasmus , Christiansen Jens Sandahl , Østergaard John R. , Høybye Charlotte 
Published: October 2010

Context: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disease associated with hypogonadism and partial GH insufficiency, possibly explained in part by a hypothalamic dysfunction. Partial insufficiency of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has recently been suggested.Objective: The objective of the study was to further explore the HPA axis in PWS by use of routine tests.Design: Nonselected PWS patients were examined with a standard high-dose synacthen test or the insulin tolerance test (ITT). A random serum (s) cortisol was measured in case of acute illness.Setting: The study was conducted at university hospitals in Denmark and Sweden.Patients: Sixty-five PWS patients with a confirmed genetic diagnosis participated in the study.Main Outcome Measures: A s-cortisol value above 500 nmol/liter as well as an increase of 250 nmol/liter or greater was considered a normal response.Results: Fifty-seven PWS patients (median age 22 yr, total range 0.5–48 yr) were examined with the high-dose synacthen test. The median s-cortisol at the time of 30 min was 699 (474–1578) nmol/liter. Only one patient had a s-cortisol level below 500 nmol/liter but an increase of 359 nmol/liter. This patient subsequently showed a normal ITT response. Two patients had increases less than 250 nmol/liter but a time of 30-min s-cortisol values of 600 nmol/liter or greater. These three patients were interpreted as normal responders. Eight patients [aged 26 (16–36) yr] examined with the ITT had a median peak s-cortisol of 668 (502–822) nmol/liter. Four children admitted for acute illnesses had s-cortisol values ranging from 680 to 1372 nmol/liter.Conclusion: In this PWS cohort, the function of the HPA axis was normal, suggesting that clinically significant adrenal insufficiency in PWS is rare.
Association of 25(OH)D and PTH with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Traditional and Nontraditional Components
Authors: Kayaniyil Sheena , Vieth Reinhold , Harris Stewart B. , Retnakaran Ravi , Knight Julia A. , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Perkins Bruce A. , Zinman Bernard , Hanley Anthony J. 
Published: October 2010

Context: Emerging evidence suggests that 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and PTH may play a role in the etiology of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, evidence to date is limited and inconsistent, and few studies have examined associations with nontraditional MetS components.Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the association of vitamin D and PTH with MetS and its traditional and nontraditional components in a large multiethnic sample.Design, Setting, and Participants: In this cross-sectional study, we examined 654 participants from London and Toronto, Ontario, Canada, aged 30 yr and older with risk factors for type 2 diabetes.Main Outcome Measures: Presence of MetS and its traditional and nontraditional components was measured.Results: Approximately 43% of the study participants were classified as having MetS. Higher 25(OH)D was significantly associated with a reduced presence of MetS after adjustment for age, sex, season, ethnicity, supplement use, physical activity, and PTH (odds ratio 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.62–0.93). PTH was not associated with the presence of MetS after multivariate adjustment. Multivariate linear regression analyses indicated significant adjusted inverse associations of 25(OH)D with waist circumference, triglyceride level, fasting insulin, and alanine transaminase (P &lt; 0.041). Elevated PTH was positively associated with waist circumference and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P &lt; 0.04). Other associations between PTH and MetS components were attenuated after adjustment for adiposity.Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D, but not PTH, was significantly associated with MetS as well as a number of MetS components after multivariate adjustment. These results suggest that low 25(OH)D may play a role in the etiology of the MetS.
Inhibition of interferon-α-induced signaling by hyperosmolarity and hydrophobic bile acids
Authors: Graf Dirk , Haselow Katrin , Münks Ivo , Bode Johannes G. , Häussinger Dieter 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Apart from viral conditions, host factors such as elevated bile acid concentrations are determinants of successful interferon-α (IFN-α) treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C or B. The present study demonstrates that hydrophobic bile acids inhibit Jak1- and Tyk2-phosphorylation, which lead to blockade of STAT1-mediated IFN-α-signaling in the sodium-taurocholate cotransporting peptide (NTCP)-transfected human hepatoma cell line HepG2, resulting in a decreased mRNA and protein expression of IFN-stimulated genes such as myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) or dsRNA-activated protein kinase (PKR). In addition, hyperosmotic stress leads to an inhibition of IFN-α-induced Jak1- and Tyk2-phosphorylation, and STAT1/STAT2-phosphorylation and gene expression. This inhibitory effect of hydrophobic bile acids or hyperosmolarity is not due to caspase-mediated cleavage or lysosomal degradation of the cognate receptors or to the generation of oxidative stress, activation of p38- or Erk-mediated MAPK pathways or phosphatase activity. Preincubation with the organic osmolyte betaine blocked the inhibitory effect of bile acids or hyperosmolarity on MxA protein expression, but had no effect on transcript levels or activation of STAT1, suggesting that betaine mediates its effects on MxA expression at a translational or post-translational level. Our findings could provide a rationale for betaine use in cholestatic HBV/HCV patients undergoing interferon therapy.
Plastic Tubing Prospect to Replace Cast Iron Conduit in Steam Heating Systems
Authors: Zhadanovsky Igor 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Steam heating systems become obsolete because of water hammering, noise, high heat loss, installation cost, and poor control. The replacement of metal piping by a coaxial two tube thermoplastic conduit resolves all issues of current steam heating systems along with improvements in heating comfort level, energy efficiency, and maintenance and equipment durability. Polysulfone materials are proposed for the plastic conduit and fluoropolymers for the end connections to the radiators.
Measurement Method for the Assessment of the Energy Consumption of Cooking Setups
Authors: Grossmann Günter , Weiss Claudio 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Energy efficiency in household appliances is a concern in energy saving scenarios. Especially, the equipment for cooking is very likely for energy waste since a lot of energy is used to produce steam, where simmering the goods to be cooked is sufficient. The reduction of this loss is the main goal of the energy optimization of cooking equipment. In standardization, only the measurement of the energy consumption of the heat up of water is regulated, not the cooking procedure itself, since the standard is dedicated to assess the heat transfer from the cooking zone to the water in a pan. However, it is the cooking phase after heat up that accounts for the largest part of energy waste. Thus, a comparison of the energy consumption between different cooking setups is difficult. In the work presented, a measurement procedure has been worked out to measure the energy needed for a cooking cycle with a cooking setup, which consists of the cooking zone, the cookware, and the regulating equipment, as well as to determine the influence of the behaviour of the user.
Kinetic Analysis of Thermally Simulated Processes in Biopolymer Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)
Authors: Yang Mu-Hoe 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The thermal degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) under a nitrogen atmosphere was studied by using various analytical models of thermogravimetric data in the dynamic conditions of temperatures ranging from 250 to 650 K. The activation energy of the thermal degradation for PHB was based on the variation of the analytical model. The influence of the testing analytical model on the thermal degradation characteristics of PHB has been discussed. The thermal degradation of PHB could be optimally corrected and calculated on the basis of kinetic parameters determined through the multiple regression method. Under these experimental conditions, the reaction was found to be of a 0.94-order with activation energy of 276 kJ/mol and a pre-exponential factor of 4.31×1026 s−1.
The Crystal Palace Concerts: Canon Formation and the English Musical Renaissance
Authors: Eatock Colin 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
This article examines the role of London's Crystal Palace in the popularization of “classical music” in Victorian Britain, and in the creation of the orchestral canon in the nineteenth century. The Crystal Palace was originally built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851 and was reconstructed in the London suburb of Sydenham in 1854. This popular attraction assumed a musical prominence in British culture when the ambitious conductor Augustus Manns established an orchestra there in 1855, and presented a series of Saturday Concerts until 1900.
Central to this discussion of the significance of the Crystal Palace concerts are two audience plebiscites that Manns conducted, in 1880 and 1887, which shed much light on Victorian popular taste and musical values. As well, particular attention is given to his involvement in the “English Musical Renaissance” in both of its aspects: as a campaign to raise British composers to canonic stature (to construct a “British Beethoven”); and as an effort to securely embed classical music within British culture.
Drosophila Mis12 Complex Acts as a Single Functional Unit Essential for Anaphase Chromosome Movement and a Robust Spindle Assembly Checkpoint
Authors: Venkei Zsolt , Przewloka Marcin R , Glover David M 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The kinetochore is a dynamic multiprotein complex assembled at the centromere in mitosis. Exactly how the structure of the kinetochore changes during mitosis and how its individual components contribute to chromosome segregation is largely unknown. Here we have focused on the contribution of the Mis12 complex to kinetochore assembly and function throughout mitosis in Drosophila. We show that despite the sequential kinetochore recruitment of Mis12 complex subunits Mis12 and Nsl1, the complex acts as a single functional unit. mis12 and nsl1 mutants show strikingly similar developmental and mitotic defects in which chromosomes are able to congress at metaphase, but their anaphase movement is strongly affected. While kinetochore association of Ndc80 absolutely depends on both Mis12 and Nsl1, BubR1 localization shows only partial dependency. In the presence of residual centromeric BubR1 the checkpoint still responds to microtubule depolymerization but is significantly weaker. These observations point to a complexity of the checkpoint response that may reflect subpopulations of BubR1 associated with residual kinetochore components, the core centromere, or elsewhere in the cell. Importantly our results indicate that core structural elements of the inner plate of the kinetochore have a greater contribution to faithful chromosome segregation in anaphase than in earlier stages of mitosis.
Escherichia coli rnlA and rnlB Compose a Novel Toxin–Antitoxin System
Authors: Koga Mitsunori , Otsuka Yuichi , Lemire Sébastien , Yonesaki Tetsuro 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
RNase LS was originally identified as a potential antagonist of bacteriophage T4 infection. When T4 dmd is defective, RNase LS activity rapidly increases after T4 infection and cleaves T4 mRNAs to antagonize T4 reproduction. Here we show that rnlA, a structural gene of RNase LS, encodes a novel toxin, and that rnlB (formally yfjO), located immediately downstream of rnlA, encodes an antitoxin against RnlA. Ectopic expression of RnlA caused inhibition of cell growth and rapid degradation of mRNAs in ΔrnlAB cells. On the other hand, RnlB neutralized these RnlA effects. Furthermore, overexpression of RnlB in wild-type cells could completely suppress the growth defect of a T4 dmd mutant, that is, excess RnlB inhibited RNase LS activity. Pull-down analysis showed a specific interaction between RnlA and RnlB. Compared to RnlA, RnlB was extremely unstable, being degraded by ClpXP and Lon proteases, and this instability may increase RNase LS activity after T4 infection. All of these results suggested that rnlA–rnlB define a new toxin–antitoxin (TA) system.