bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dinoflagellae bloom on the coast of south west England, August-September 1978
Authors: Boalch G. T. 
Published: May 2009

Towards the end of August 1978 SCUBA divers studying a rocky area in Mounts Bay noticed numbers of dead and dying fish and invertebrates in their study area. Their observations were passed on to Dr G. W. Potts (Griffiths, Dennis & Potts, see below, p. 520). Samples of the sea water, which appeared to be very rich in phytoplankton, were taken but unfortunately were too poorly fixed for the identification of naked dinoflagellates. At the same time a number of reports of‘red tides’ and ‘fish kills’ in Mounts Bay were being passed to Mrs Stella Turk of Camborne.During the first 2 weeks of September 1978, high mortalities of intertidal populations of several ‘bait’ species, notably lugworms, were reported to the Plymouth Laboratory by anglers along the south coast of Cornwall. In the same period, abnormally high numbers of the red-band fish, Cepola rubescens, were caught in the trawls of the Laboratory's research vessels (Dr A. J. Southward, personal communication). In addition, some 20–30 specimens of another burrowing species, Amalosoma eddystonense, were taken in several trawls on the Looe Grounds; this was rather surprising since this large echiuran was thought to be rare in the Plymouth area (Dr P. E. Gibbs, personal communication).The author also received reports indicating that the non-photosynthetic but luminescent dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) Ehrenb. was abundant in coastal areas of the western English Channel. This organism is well known for forming slicks varying in colour from orange to blood-red (Le Févre & Grail, 1970; Grail, Le FévreLehoerff & Le Févre, 1971).
Depth distribution of endolithic algae from the Firth of Clyde: implications for delineation and subdivision of the photic zone
Authors: Akpan Etie Ben 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONSome marine endolithic algae grow well and are restricted to the strongly lit littoral and uppermost sublittoral environments. The wide depth ranging boring algae must however adapt to different light intensities. Whereas Eugomontia sacculata Kornmann is considered as a form adapted to high light intensity (Akpan, 1981), Ostreobium quekettii Bornet & Flahault and Conchocelis - a boring phase in the life cycle of red algae in the Porphyra and Bangia genera - are able to survive under low light conditions even though they thrive at depths with strong illuminations (Rooney & Perkins, 1972; Clokie & Boney, 1980). Sheath, Hellebust & Sawa (1977) have demonstrated that the Conchocelis of a Porphyra sp. can survive prolonged very dim light condition and probably remain in a ‘steady state’ without growth in the dark for a long time. This adaptation is important for those algae in the lower part of the photic zone because during winter, deep light penetration is hampered.
Observations on byssus systems in the spat of Cerastoderma glaucum and C. edule
Authors: Yankson Kobina 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONYonge (1962) suggests a possible universal occurrence of byssal apparatus in the post-larval spat of bivalves. Subsequent studies have revealed that the byssus thread secreted by the post-larval byssal apparatus of many bivalves is involved in settlement as well as migration by means of bysso-pelagic drifting (Sigurdsson, Titman & Davis, 1976; Blok & Tan-Maas, 1977; Board, 1983). Recent studies on the byssus and other foot glands in the early stages of bivalves have included Ostrea edulis (Cranfield, 1973 a, b, c); Pecten maximus (Gruffydd, Lane & Beaumont, 1975); Mytilus edulis (Lane & Nott, 1975; Lane, Nott & Crisp, 1982); and Chlamys varia L. (Gruffydd, Budiman & Nott, 1979)
Changes in Western mackerel (Scomber scombrus) spawning stock composition during the spawning season
Authors: Dawson Wendy A. 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONTwo groups of mackerel (Scomber scombrus L.) are recognised by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (I.C.E.S.) for stock assessment purposes in the north-east Atlantic. The North Sea ‘stock’, which overwinters along the edge of the Norwegian Trench and spawns off the south coast of Norway, in the Skagerrak, Kattegat and the central North Sea (Hamre, 1980), and the Western ‘stock’, which overwinters and spawns along the edge of the continental shelf from the west of Ireland to the Bay of Biscay (Lockwood, Nichols & Dawson, 1981).
Observations on the ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of two mytilids from the south-west coast of England
Authors: Hodgson A. N. , Bernard R. T. F. 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONTwo forms of the genus Mytilus, M. edulis L. and M. galloprovincialis Lmk inhabit the rocky shores of Devon and Cornwall (Hepper, 1957). According to Gosling (1984), controversy has existed since 1860 as to whether M. galloprovincialis is a separate species or a subspecies of M. edulis. In a review of the systematic status of M. galloprovincialis, Gosling (1984) analysed the criteria used to identify and classify this form of Mytilus. Gosling did not reach any firm conclusion on the systematic status of these mytilids, but did suggest that the evidence favoured placing M. galloprovincialis as a variety, ecotype or even subspecies of M. edulis.
Feeding relationships between the benthic infauna and the dominant benthic fish of the Rance Estuary (France)
Authors: Mao Patrick Le 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONThe maritime basin of the Ranee occupies one of the largest rias of northern Brittany (France) and since 1967, has been the location of a tidal power station. At a high tide height of 13.5 m above chart datum the basin occupies an area of 22 km2 within which Retière (1979) recognized a maritime part of about 17 km2 in extent, where bottom salinities range from 30 to 35‰, an estuarine part with salinities between 20-30‰,, of about 4 km2 and an inner estuary of limited area (1.5 km2) and reduced salinities (less than 20‰).
Percolomonas cosmopolitus(Ruinen) n.gen., a new type of filter feeding flagellate from marine plankton
Authors: Fenchel Tom , Patterson David J. 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONThe ecological significance of heterotrophic micro-flagellates in marine plankton has recently drawn considerable interest among biological oceanographers (Anderson & Fenchel, 1985; Haas & Webb, 1979; Fenchel, 1985 and references therein). Such organisms have been shown to be numerous, occurring in densities of 5 x 102to 2 x 103per ml in surface coastal and oceanic waters. Their grazing activities are believed to account for virtually all of the turnover of populations of suspended bacteria.
Influence of an electric light on the capture of deep-sea fish in Biscay
Authors: Swinney G. N. , Clarke M. R. , Maddock L. 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONRecently the influence of an electric light on the capture of the main groups of deep sea animals by a midwater trawl was described and discussed (Clarke & Pascoe, 1985). With regard to fish it was shown that at depths close to 800 m the total number, the total volume, the volume of the ten largest and the volume of the single largest fish all increased significantly when an electric light was used on the headline of the trawl when compared with controls with the light off. These experiments were carried out both in the Bay of Biscay and off Madeira.
Methods for the validation of squid Age from statoliths
Authors: Lipinski Marek 
Published: May 2009

INTRODUCTIONGrowth laminations were first noted in squid statoliths by Clarke (1966), who suggested they might be useful for age determination. Spratt (1978) presented a detailed age analysis ofLoligo opalescensBerry, 1911, arguing that some rings in the cephalopod statolith were deposited daily, as are fish otoliths (Panella, 1971). Growth rings inIllex illecebrosus(Lesueur, 1921) statoliths were illustrated by Lipinski (1978) with similar interpretation to that of Spratt (op. cit.). Several further attempts have been made to validate and/or to discuss age determination from statoliths (Hurley, Drew & Radtke, 1979; Hurleyet al.1983; Wiborg, 1979; Hurley & Beck, 1980; Kristensen, 1980; Lipinski, 1980, 1981; Rosenberg, Wiborg & Bech, 1981; Martins, 1982; Radtke, 1983; Daweet al.1984), and several other attempts are in preparation (R. J. Hanlon, G. V. Hurley, M. R. Clarke & R. L. Radtke, personal communications).
The Periodic Growth of Scales in Gadidæ and Pleuronectidæ as an Index of Age
Authors: Thomson J. Stuart 
Published: May 2009

The first part of a lengthened and detailed statistical paper on the structure and seasonal growth of Gadoid and Pleuronectoid scales will shortly be issued from the Marine Laboratory.The forthcoming paper will show by means of tabulated statistics that scale growth is accelerated during the warmer season of the year; but diminished during the colder season in such a methodic manner as to cause the formation of annual rings. The formation of these annual rings results from the fact that the lines of growth on the scale surface are comparatively widely separated from one another in that portion of the scale formed during the warmer season of the year; but much less widely separated in that part built up during the colder season.
The Hydroids collected by the “Huxley” from the North Side of the Bay of Biscay in August, 1906
Authors: Browne Edward T. 
Published: May 2009

TheHydroids collected on the northern edge of the Bay of Biscay during a five days” cruise in August, 1906, by Dr. E. J. Allen, were entrusted to me for examination. I thank my friend Dr. Allen for giving me the opportunity of working through the collection, which contained thirty-seven species, including two new species (Bimeria arboreaandBimeria biscayana) and several rare deep-sea forms.Our knowledge of the area occupied by the British Hydroids has been increased by this cruise. All the species taken at six out of the eight stations have been previously recorded for the British area. It was only at the two stations over 400 fathoms that foreign species occurred. Bathymetrical distribution has also made an advance, as several species were taken at a depth considerably greater than that hitherto recorded for them.
Change of Topography and Sediment Characteristics on an Intertidal Mud-Flat Following Mass-Mortality of the Amphipod Corophium Volutator
Authors: Mouritsen Kim N. , Mouritsen Lone T. , Jensen K. Thomas 
Published: May 2009

A Corophium-bed characterized by a mosaic of emerged areas and tidal pools during low water was established on an intertidal flat in the southern part of the Danish Wadden Sea. In spring 1990, the plateaux harboured relatively high densities of the amphipod Corophium volutator, whereas the amphipods were almost absent in the pools. Following a parasite-induced mass-mortality in the population of Corophium, summer 1990, the plateaux of the bed were subjected to sediment erosion. The heterogeneous plateau-pool structure disappeared, accompanied by increased median particle diameter and decreased silt content in the former plateau sediment. These events were accompanied by increased chlorophyll-a concentrations in the sediment of both plateau and pool areas.The results suggest Corophium volutator to be the single most important organism stabilizing the plateau sediment, and hence, the heterogeneous topographic structure of the Corophium-bed. It is proposed that the stabilizing effect of Corophium burrows also in deeper sediment strata may outweigh the surface stabilizing influence of epipelic diatoms, as well as the negative effect of amphipods eating the diatoms, in non-cohesive coarser sediments.
On the Development and Structure of the Escal Light Organ of Some Melanocetid Deep Sea Anglerfishes (Pisces: Ceratioidei)
Authors: Munk Ole , Hansen Kjeld , Herring Peter J. 
Published: May 2009

The escal light glands of some deep sea anglerfishes of the genusMelanocetuswere examined by light and electron microscopy. Sections of a larvalMelanocetussp. showed that the gland originates from a solid, branched ingrowth of epidermal cells from the distal surface of the bulb-shaped esca.The light gland of metamorphosed specimens ofM. murrayiandM. johnsoniwas found to be constructed in the same way as that of most other ceratioids, i.e. as a branched tubular gland enclosed by a cup-shaped reflector; the radial tubules of the gland open into a central escal cavity, from which a duct leads to an epithelium-lined space, the vestibule, lying above the gland. A duct from the vestibule opens on the upper-caudal surface of the esca.In the smaller of two specimens ofM. murrayi, the epithelium lining the escal cavity and the glandular tubules is of a uniform thickness and structure, consisting of flattened basal cells, cells extending to the lumen, and goblet cells. No bacteria were found anywhere within the esca. The reflector enclosing the gland contains only a few scattered crystals.In the larger specimen ofM. murrayithe distal (terminal) portions of the glandular tubules have tall epithelial cells, while their wide proximal parts and the central escal cavity are lined with a flattened epithelium; goblet cells are absent. Many glandular cells have processes projecting into the lumina. All glandular lumina and the central escal cavity contain numerous rod-shaped bacteria and apparently isolated anucleate cytoplasmic profiles. The reflector is thick and well-developed; each cell contains several staggered layers of crystals.
A Note on the Diet Synaphobranchus Kaupi (Pisces: Synaphobranchidae) from the Porcupine Seabight, North-East Atlantic
Authors: Marques Afonso 
Published: May 2009

The diet of Synaphobranchus kaupi from the Porcupine Seabight is described. A sample of 110 eel stomachs containing food, were analysed and the general size–depth trend among eels with food in their stomachs. Larger individuals are found in deeper waters. Fish are the main prey for larger eels and crustaceans are preferred by smaller individuals.Synaphobranchus kaupi Johnson, 1862 is a slope dwelling eel, abundant in the north-east Atlantic Ocean from 230 to 2420 m deep on the continental slope (Haedrich & Merrett, 1988). It is the most abundant species on the slopes of the Porcupine Seabight, off south-west Ireland (Merrett et al, 1991; Priede et al., 1994) and was classified as a benthopelagic predator of the fourth level, predator of predators (Saldanha, 1991).The diet of S. kaupi has been described from the slope off the middle Atlantic coast of the USA (Sedberry & Musick, 1978), from the Portuguese slope and in the Bay of Biscay (Saldanha, 1991), from the west African slope (Merrett & Marshall, 1981; Merrett & Domanski, 1985) and from the Rockall Trough (Gordon & Mauchline, 1996).Our specimens were captured during a joint IOS/SAMS survey (Merret et al., 1991). From a total catch of 8792 S. kaupi, captured between 1979 and 1983 in the Porcupine Seabight, ranging from 470 to 2230 m deep, fish stomachs were removed aboard ship and 110 with food were kept in 5% formalin for further analysis.
Isanthus Homolophilussp. nov. (Isanthidae: Actiniaria: Anthozoa) from French Polynesia
Authors: Chintiroglou Chariton Charles , Doumenc Dominique 
Published: May 2009

A new deep-water Actiniaria species,Isanthus homolophilussp. nov. is described from the French Polynesia. Morphological and ecological differences between the new species and the other known species of the genusIsanthusare discussed. The distinct morphological characteristics that distinguishI. homolophilus, are the presence of a tentaculated columnar margin, the tentacle number (84–96), and its cnida biometry. A further ecological characteristic is the distinct symbiotic relationship that the anemone exhibits towards the decapodHypsophiys inflata.During the biological researches of the ‘Service Mixte de Contrôle Biologique’ (SMCB) in French Polynesia (1986–1990) at depths ranging from 100 to 1120 m, a symbiotic association between a deep-water homolid crab,Hypsophrys inflataGuinot & Richer de Forges, 1981 and a sea anemone of the genusIsanthus(Actiniaria: Isanthidae) was collected. Even though this association was described by Guinot et al. (1995) and Chintiroglou et al. (1996), no concise description of the anemone is given. Thus, the goal of the present study was to provide a detailed description of the new anemone species and compare it with other species of the Isanthidae Carlgren, 1938 family.The methodology followed in our investigation was that of Doumenc & Foubert (1984) and Doumenc et al. (1985). Nematocyst nomenclature used was as proposed by England (1991). Abbreviations: MNHN (Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris).
Distribution of Epibenthic Mollusca on a Transect Through the Beagle Channel (Southern Chile)
Authors: Linse Katrin , Brandt Angelika 
Published: May 2009

During the Joint Chilean–German–Italian Magellan ‘Victor Hensen’ Campaign in 1994 an epibenthic sledge (EBS) was used to catch the epibenthic and benthic-boundary-layer macrofauna.Eighteen EBS samples were taken at 12 locations on a transect through the Beagle Channel. The aims of the study were to describe the epibenthic molluscan species, to quantify their abundances and to describe their distribution. In total 35,087 specimens were collected, yielding 107,223 ind 1000 nr−2. Bivalvia were most abundant 78,615 individuals (52 spp.) followed by Gastropoda (17,289, 52spp.), Aplacophora (4745, 9 spp.), Polyplacophora (4665) and Scaphopoda (1909,5 spp.). The molluscan abundance of the hauls were strikingly different, between 3 and 37,927 ind 1000 m−2 haul. Only stations off the eastern entrance showed high abundances, which was represented at all depths and sediments. Elsewhere the abundances were low. Species richness was highest in shallow water (< 100 m) with 69 species and decreased with depth. But at the deepest station 37 species were found.
The Seasonal Abundance and Distribution of the Pelagic Young of Teleostean Fishes Caught in the Ring-trawl in Offshore Waters in the Plymouth Area. Part II
Authors: Russell F. S. 
Published: May 2009

Data are given on the abundance of post-larval stages of teleostean fish in half-hour oblique hauls with the 2-metre stramin ring-trawl taken at weekly intervals at a position two miles east of the Eddystone lighthouse during the years 1930 to 1934 inclusive.The seasonal composition of the catches is considered and it is shown that there is a gradual change over from the young of northern species of fish to those of more southern species as the summer advances. The relation between the spawning times of closely related species appears usually to be a function of their geographic distribution.The period of maximum abundance of post-larvæ of spring-spawning fish occurs at different times in different years and this difference may be as much as a month. An apparent correlation between the times of abundance of young whiting and the previous temperature of the water has been shown.
The Biology ofBalanus balanoides. III. The Soft Parts
Authors: Moore Hilary B. 
Published: May 2009

1. The relation between the dry weight of the decalcified barnacle and its shell volume has been determined in its relation to age, season and tidal level, at Port Erin, with the following results: (a) In immature barnacles, tissue growth continues throughout the year, but is most rapid in the spring and autumn, (b) In mature barnacles which produce a considerable amount of larvæ there is a heavy drop in tissue weight during the summer period of high temperature, and another slighter drop during the winter, the latter being apparently associated with the presence of developing larvæ in the mantle cavity.2. Gonad samples were examined seasonally. At low levels on the shore the barnacles mature in their first year. Above this level they do not commence to mature until over a year old. The sequence of changes in the gonads is described. A condition of senility is found in many of the largest high-water barnacles.3. The naupliar content was estimated in relation to size and tidal level, counts of up to 13,000 larvæ per individual being obtained. The dry weight of a fully developed nauplius was determined to be 7·5×10-4mgm.
The Function of the Tegumental Glands in the Statocyst of Homarus vulgaris
Authors: Lang D. , Yonge C. M. 
Published: May 2009

1. The general structure of the statocyst and the combined sensory setae in Honiarus vulgaris have been described.2. The statoliths consist of sand grains attached to the setæ by a hyaline secretion.3. Numerous tegumental glands occur in the sub-epithelial tissues. Though not situated beneath the setæ, their distribution varies in accordance with that of the setae. Their ducts have characteristic funnel-shaped endings, opening into the cavity of the statocyst.4. The hyaline secretion agrees in all its reactions with the cuticle, never with the chitin.5. The conclusion is reached that the hyaline secretion is formed by these tegumental glands and that this constitutes an important accessory function of these glands.
Copepods from the Interstitial Fauna of a Sandy Beach
Authors: Nicholls A. G. 
Published: May 2009

Attention was first drawn by Wilson (1932) to the large copepod fauna which can be found in an ordinary sandy beach. In his introduction he describes his method of collecting these copepods (p. 7) and in the course of the paper describes a number of new genera and species thus obtained.Sand-dwelling animals, particularly Crustacea and worms (excluding sessile forms), are usually regarded as burrowers, since in their migrations they displace the particles of their environment. The fauna opened up by Wilson's discovery is of a quite different type. In contrast to true sand-burrowing animals, these copepods do not displace the particles of the sand through which they move but crawl over the surface of the grains, which, by capillarity, always hold more or less water, even high up on the beach at low tide. Such copepods, together with nematodes, rotifers, protozoa and other animals sufficiently small, may be regarded as part of an “interstitial” fauna.
Plankton Production and its Control
Authors: Harvey H. W. , Cooper L. H. N. , Lebour M. V. , Russell, F. S. 
Published: May 2009

Vertical hauls between surface and 45 metres depth were made with a measuring net, throughout 1934, at a position 5 miles S.W. of Plymouth Breakwater incirca50 metres depth of water.The phytoplankton organisms were counted and also assessed from their content of plant pigments.A close relation was found between numbers of diatoms and their pigment contents after making allowance for the small size of three species.The phosphorus content of the phytoplankton was estimated on several occasions.The zooplankton organisms per cubic metre of sea were counted and estimations were made of their phosphorus content.The diatom population differed from that found in 1933, in which year the spring outburst was shorter but more intense, the sporadic summer outbursts were more intense, the autumn one lasted longer; and more phosphate was utilised by the plants during the first half of the year.
Seasonal Changes in the Ovary of the Immature Hake, Merlucius merluccius L.
Authors: Hickling C. F. 
Published: May 2009

A seasonal variation is found in the ovaries of immature hake (Merlucius merluccius L.).There appears to be a seasonal change in the rate at which young eggs are formed from resting oocytes, as indicated (1) by the change in the relative abundance of nuclei in synapsis, and (2) by the change in the average diameter of the eggs in the egg-stock in the ovary. These processes show considerable correspondence in their season of incidence with the ovarian cycle of the mature and adolescent fish.A physiological rhythm has now been detected in both somatic tissues and gonad in the immature hake, which foreshadows the physiological rhythm associated with the spawning cycle in the mature hake. The implication of this on the question of the formation of “growth-rings” in the skeletal structures is briefly discussed.