bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart risk associated with weight loss in anorexia nervosa and eating disorders: electrocardiographic changes during the early phase of refeeding
Authors: Swenne I 
Published: August 2010

Refeeding syndromes with electrolyte aberrations, heart failure and arrhythmias may complicate the nutritional rehabilitation of emaciated patients with eating disorders. Therefore, electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and changes in serum electrolyte concentrations following refeeding were studied in 37 admissions of 32 teenage girls with eating disorders. On admission they were all on a weight‐losing course and weighed 37.0 ± 8.0 kg (mean ± SD) following a weight loss of 14.2 ± 7.2 kg. On ECG recordings there was a prolongation of the QT interval and an increased QT dispersion. Serum concentrations of sodium, potassium and magnesium were with few exceptions normal. Serum concentrations of creatinine were high in relation to the low body weight, indicating protein catabolism. The first 2 wk of refeeding resulted in a weight gain of 1.7 ± 0.2 kg without signs of refeeding syndromes or electrolyte aberrations. QT prolongation and dispersion normalized within the 3 d of refeeding.It is concluded that oral refeeding of patients with eating disorders and weight loss can be performed efficiently and without causing refeeding syndromes. QT pathology, a consequence of acute starvation and a risk factor for cardiac arrhythmias, normalizes within days. In view of the need to balance adequate refeeding and reduction of QT pathology against the risks of refeeding syndromes the start of refeeding of severely emaciated patients is best performed in a hospital setting where monitoring of ECG and serum electrolytes is possible.
Oral feeding in premature infants: advantage of a self‐paced milk flow
Authors: Lau C , Schanler RJ 
Published: August 2010

An earlier study demonstrated that oral feeding of premature infants (<30 wk gestation) was enhanced when milk was delivered through a self‐paced flow system. The aims of this study were to identify the principle(s) by which this occurred and to develop a practical method to implement the self‐paced system in neonatal nurseries. Feeding performance, measured by overall transfer, duration of oral feedings, efficiency, and percentage of successful feedings, was assessed at three time periods, when infants were taking 1‐2, 3‐5, and 6‐8 oral feedings/day. At each time period, infants were fed, sequentially and in a random order, with a self‐paced system, a standard bottle, and a test bottle, the shape of which allowed the elimination of the internal hydrostatic pressure. In a second study, infants were similarly fed with the self‐paced system and a vacuum‐free bottle which eliminated both hydrostatic pressure and vacuum within the bottle. The duration of oral feedings, efficiency, and percentage of successful feedings were improved with the self‐paced system as compared to the standard and test bottles. The results were similar in the comparison between the self‐paced system and the vacuum‐free bottle.Elimination of the vacuum build‐up naturally occurring in bottles enhances the feeding performance of infants born <30 wk gestation as they are transitioned from tube to oral feeding. The vacuum‐free bottle is a tool which caretakers can readily use in neonatal nurseries.
Pilot study of nebulized surfactant therapy for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Berggren E , Liljedahl M , Winbladh B , Andreasson B , Curstedt T , Robertson B , Schollin J 
Published: August 2010

Thirty‐four spontaneously breathing newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) requiring nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and an arterial‐to‐alveolar oxygen tension ratio (a/A PO2) of 0.15‐0.22 were randomized to treatment with nebulized surfactant (Curosurf®) or to serve as controls. All children were first supported by nasal CPAP according to normal clinical routines. Surfactant was administered using a modified Aiolos® nebulizer, and a total of 480 mg was aerosolized in each case. The control group received no nebulized material, but had the same CPAP support. Acid‐base status and a/A PO2 were determined at regular intervals before, during and after surfactant administration. Both groups included in the study were similar with regard to gestational age, birthweight, steroids given before birth, sex and Apgar scores as well as a/A PO2 when entering the study. There were no significant differences between the groups in a/A PO2 1‐12 h after randomization, number of infants needing mechanical ventilation, time on ventilator or CPAP. Two children in the treated group developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia. No side effects of the surfactant therapy were noted.No beneficial effects of aerosolized surfactant were demonstrated in our trial, contrary to data from animal experiments. This finding probably reflects differences in administration techniques. Our findings do not justify large clinical trials with the same protocol. Further work is needed to optimize delivery of aerosolized surfactant to the neonatal lung in clinical practice.
Altering the NICU and measuring infants' responses
Authors: Slevin M , Farrington N , Duffy G , Daly L , Murphy JFA 
Published: August 2010

The aim of the study was to measure the impact of a designated Quiet period on the NICU environment and its influence on the infants' physiological and movement responses. The study group comprised 10 preterm infants on assisted ventilation (mean gestational age 28.7 wk (range 24‐32 wk), mean birthweight 1322 g (range 600‐2060 g), meanage 5.2 d). The environment in which the infants were nursed was altered in terms of reduced light, noise, staff activity and infant handling. The infants' heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and movement responses were recorded during this Quiet period and compared with a period of Normal activity. When the Quiet period was compared with the Normal period (median values), the NICU environment had significantly altered in terms of Light: Quiet period 3.0 Lux, Normal period 254.5 Lux (p lt; 0.01); Noise: Quiet period 54.0 dB, Normal period 58.0 dB (p < 0.01); Alarm events: Quiet period 491.5 sec, Normal period 1180.5 sec (p<0.01); Staff conversation: Quiet period 16.0 occasions per hour, Normal period 60.0 occasions per hour (p < 0.01); Staff activity: Quiet period 25.5 occasions per hour, Normal period 59.0 occasions per hour (p < 0.01); Infant handling: Quiet period 0.0 events per hour, Normal period 4.5 events per hour (p < 0.01). Infants' diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure: median reduction of 2 mmHg for both during the Quiet period (p<0.05). Infants' movements: Quiet period 14.5 movements per hour, Normal period 84.0 movements per hour (p < 0.05). Discussion: This study demonstrates that Quiet periods are feasible for infants undergoing neonatal intensive care. The NICU environment was altered significantly for light, noise, infant handling and staff activity for a specified time period. These changes were associated with a reduced median diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure and a decrease in infant movements.
Diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae in community‐acquired pneumonia in children in Chile
Authors: Tagle MA Martínez , Kogan R , Rojas P , Rubilar L , Vidal R , Paya E 
Published: August 2010

The incidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in community‐acquired pneumonia in children was studied prospectively in 112 children aged 1 mo to 14 y. Diagnosis of C. pneumoniae was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal aspirates and serology by the microimmunofluorescence test on a single serum specimen. Three (2.7%) cases of pneumonia due to this agent were diagnosed by both PCR and serology. C. pneumoniae was not found in any of 62 children below 5 y of age. In the age group 5‐8 y, only 1/30 (3%) was found positive, and in the age group 9‐14 y, C. pneumoniae was diagnosed in 2/20 (10%) children.Conclusion: Although the number of enrolled patients is small, and the diagnostic techniques used may have some limitations, the results of this study suggest that C. pneumoniae plays a minor role in the aetiology of pneumonia in children less than 9 y of age in our country. However, it should be considered as a potential agent in pneumonia in older children.
Long‐term effects of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infants and young children: a quantitative review
Authors: Kneyber MCJ , Steyerberg EW , de Groot R , Moll HA 
Published: August 2010

One of the major questions regarding long‐term side effects of bronchiolitis by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is whether or not it induces asthma in later life. In this quantitative review, the data of 10 controlled studies are analysed.Methods: Follow‐up studies of RSV bronchiolitis published between January 1978 and December 1998 were identified through a MEDLINE search. Studies were selected if (i) postnatal age at the time of the inital illness was below 12 mo, (ii) all children were hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitis, (iii) the diagnosis RSV was virologically confirmed in all cases, and (iv) a control group was used.Results: Six studies met all selection criteria. Up to 5 y of follow‐up after RSV bronchiolitis in infancy, 40% of children reported wheezing as compared to only 11% in the control group (p< 0.001). Between 5 and 10 y of follow‐up 22% of the bronchiolitis group reported wheezing against 10% of the control group (p= 0.19). The incidence of recurrent wheezing as defined by three or more wheezing episodes also decreased with increasing years of follow‐up: at 5 or more years of follow‐up the difference between the RSV group and the control group was no longer significant. Furthermore, the presence of either a personal and/or a family history of either atopy and/or asthma did not differ between the two groups.Conclusions: Wheezing is common after RSV bronchiolitis in infancy. It may persist for 5 y of follow‐up. However, no significant difference between the RSV bronchiolitis and the control group was observed regardingrecurrentwheezing by 5 y of follow‐up. No significant difference between the RSV bronchiolitis and the control group were found regarding a personal history of atopy, a family history of atopy and/or asthma. Therefore it seems unlikely that RSV bronchiolitis is a cause of atopic asthma in later life.
Bone biopsy results and serum bone turnover parameters in uremic children
Authors: Ziółkowska H , Pańczyk‐Tomaszewska M , DęLbiński A , Polowiec Z , Sawicki A , Sieniawska M 
Published: August 2010

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of renal osteodystrophy types in children undergoing haemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and to assess the usefulness of biochemical parameters in diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy. Bone biopsy and measurements of serum parathormone (iPTH) level, alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteocalcin (OC), procollagen 1C, calcium and phosphorus levels were performed in 51 children aged 11.5 ± 2.9y with end‐stage renal failure. Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) was diagnosed as follows: adynamic bone disease (ABD) in 14 (27%); normal bone histology (NB) in 19 (37%), osteomalacia (OM) in 1 (2%), mixed lesion (Mix) in 5 (10%) and hyperparathyroidism (HP) in 12 (24%) children. There was no difference in prevalence of ROD types between children on CAPD and HD. We found significant differences in the mean value of iPTH, OC levels and AP activity in HP vs NB and HP vs ABD. The prevalence of ABD was significantly higher in patients with PTH below 50 pg/ml than in patients with PTH above 50 pg/ml (p < 0.05). In 69% of children with NB the iPTH level was between 50 and 150 pg/ml. Most HP cases (75%) were diagnosed in patients with iPTH above 200 pg/ml. A high correlation between BFR and iPTH, BFR and OC, AP levels was found.Conclusion: The biochemical markers of bone turnover have only limited value in the differentiation of renal osteodystrophy types.
A unique point mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3) causes non‐syndromic craniosynostosis
Authors: Tsai F‐J , Wu J‐Y , Lee C‐C , Tsai C‐H 
Published: August 2010

A unique Pro250Arg mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) was recently found in patients with non‐syndromic craniosynostosis. We studied 18 Taiwan Chinese patients with various types of craniosynostosis to evaluate if this mutation is also prevalent in the Chinese population. Genomic DNA was analysed by polymerase chain reaction based restriction analysis and direct sequencing to identify the Pro250Arg mutation in FGFR3. Five (28%) of 18 probands were heterozygous for the Pro250Arg mutation. Only those patients with coronal synostosis carried this mutation.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that all patients with coronal synostosis should be examined for this unique mutation.
Erythropoietic activity and soluble transferrin receptor level in neonates and maternal blood
Authors: Choi JW , Kim CS , Pai SH 
Published: August 2010

Serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) concentration reflects functional iron status and erythropoietic activity. The aims of this study were to examine gender differences of erythropoiesis in newborns and to evaluate the influences of maternal anaemia or iron deficiency on foetal cord blood parameters for iron status and sTfR. In total, 527 newborns and their mothers were examined. Reticulocytes were analysed by flow cytometry and sTfR was measured by an immunoenzymo‐metric method. There were no sex differences in haematological or iron parameters. However, the reticulocyte maturity index (RMI) of male neonates was 37.45%, significantly higher than the 26.81% in female neonates (p < 0.01). The high fluorescence reticulocytes (HFR) and middle fluorescence reticulocytes (MFR) of male neonates were 4.91% and 22.36%, respectively, while those of female neonates were 3.31% and 17.83%, respectively (p < 0.01 for each gender). The sTfR concentrations of male and female neonates were 6.27 mg/l and 5.09 mg/l, respectively (p < 0.01). Values for serum iron, ferritin and reticulocyte subpopulations were significantly lower in the newborns of anaemic mothers. However, newborns of iron‐deficient mothers showed no differences in iron parameters from those of non‐iron‐deficient mothers.Conclusions: The higher values of RMI and sTfR observed in male neonates indicate that erythropoietic activity is higher in this group. Iron transport to the foetus appears to be independent of maternal iron deficiency. However, iron transport and erythropoiesis in newborns seems to decline from the time that the mothers acquire frank iron deficiency anaemia.
Clinical and laboratory impact of coagulase‐negative staphylococci bacteremia in preterm infants
Authors: Maayan‐Metzger A , Linder N , Marom D , Vishne T , Ashkenazi S , Sirota L 
Published: August 2010

A retrospective evaluation of the clinical and laboratory impact of coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CONS) bacteremia in preterm infants was carried out. The study population included all preterm infants (n= 31) in whom two or more blood cultures were positive for CONS within a period of 4 d, with negative blood cultures 1 wk before and 1 wk after the CONS bacteremia. Clinical manifestations and the results of laboratory tests 7 d before and after the positive blood cultures, and on the first day of sepsis, were recorded and compared. During CONS bacteremia, the infants demonstrated apnoea and bradycardia (88%) and a need for oxygen (59%) and ventilatory support (69%). Significant laboratory findings were leukopenia below 5000 cells/mm3 (12%), leukocytosis above 30000 cells/mm3 (39%), and thrombocytopenia below 150000/mm3 (25%). These clinical and laboratory manifestations differed significantly during the bacteremia infection compared with the week before and after.Conclusion: CONS bacteremia is a clinically significant infection in preterm infants, causing episodes of apnoea and bradycardia, and a need for ventilatory support.
Investigation of prolonged neonatal jaundice
Authors: Hannam S , McDonnell M , Rennie JM 
Published: August 2010

Jaundice persisting beyond 14 d of age (prolonged jaundice) can be a sign of serious underlying liver disease. Protocols for investigating prolonged jaundice vary in complexity and the yield from screening has not been assessed. In order to address these issues, we carried out a prospective study of term infants referred to our neonatal unit with prolonged jaundice over an 18 mo period. Infants were examined by a paediatrician and had the following investigations: a total and conjugated serum bilirubin, liver function tests, full blood count, packed cell volume, group and Coombs' test, thyroid function tests, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase levels and urine for culture. One‐hundred‐and‐fifty‐four infants were referred with prolonged jaundice out of 7139 live births during the study period. Nine infants were referred to other paediatric specialties. One infant had a conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, giving an incidence of conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia of 0.14 per 1000 live births. Diagnoses included: giant cell hepatitis (n= 1), hepatoblastoma (n= 1), trisomy 9p (n= 1), urinary tract infections (n= 2), glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (n= 3) and failure to regain birthweight (n= 1).Conclusions: In conclusion, a large number of infants referred to hospital for prolonged jaundice screening had detectable problems. The number of investigations may safely be reduced to: a total and conjugated bilirubin, packed cell volume, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase level (where appropriate), a urine for culture and inspection of a recent stool sample for bile pigmentation. Clinical examination by a paediatrician has a vital role in the screening process.
Organized violence and mental health of refugee children in exile: a six‐year follow‐up
Authors: Hjern A , Angel B 
Published: August 2010

In an earlier study we described a high rate of poor mental health in 63 refugee children from Chile and the Middle East during the first 18 mo of exile. In this follow‐up study the mental health of 49 of these children is described in parent, teacher and child interviews 6‐7 y after settlement in Sweden. The level of poor mental health in parent interviews has improved from 47% 18 mo after settlement to 22%(p <0.01 in paired t‐test) at follow‐up.Conclusions: Eighteen percent of 34 children still in primary school were judged by their teachers to show deviant behaviour in the classroom. Three children were found to suffer from either re‐experience or avoidance of painful memories, whereas only one neurologically impaired child fulfilled the criteria of PTSD according to DSM‐IV. Recent stress in the family sphere and exposure to acts of organized violence in the country of origin are identified as the major determinants of poor mental health.
Kangaroo care improves post‐extubation cardiorespiratory parameters in infants after open heart surgery
Authors: Gazzolo D , Masetti P , Meli M 
Published: August 2010

The aim of this investigation was to study whether kangaroo care could be helpful in full‐term infants subjected to cardiac postoperative intensive care during the early post‐extubation hours. Kangaroo care was performed at 2‐h intervals in the first 12 h after extubation in 5 male infants and assessed by cardiorespiratory parameters. Results showed that, during kangaroo care, heart rate (123 ± 4 vs 128 ± 5 bpm), respiratory frequency (43 ± 3 vs 51 ± 5 breath pm), transcutaneous carbon dioxide (46 ± 2 vs 50 ± 4 mmHg) and central venous pressure (11 ±0.8 vs 12±1.2mmHg) significantly decreased (p<0.05 for all), while oxygen saturation (78 ± 6 vs 74 ± 5 mmHg) and transcutaneous oxygen pressure increased (42 ±2 vs 38 ± 3 mmHg) (p < 0.05 for all).Conclusion: We conclude that kangaroo care might be a useful technique contributing to stabilization of the cardiorespiratory status in postoperative paediatric cardiac intensive care.
Comparison of hand‐to‐leg and leg‐to‐leg bioelectric impedance devices in the assessment of body adiposity in prepubertal children. The STRIP study
Authors: Jartti L , Hakanen M , Paakkunainen U , Raittinen P , Rönnemaa T 
Published: August 2010

The body composition of 40 seven‐year‐old children and of 50 of their parents was measured using two bioelectric impedance devices, the Model 101, RJL Systems, USA (conventional hand‐to‐leg device) and TANITA body fat analyser, TBF 105, Tanita Co, Tokio, Japan (newer leg‐to‐leg device). There were strong correlations between impedances obtained by these two devices [r= 0.95, r= 0.93, r= 0.82, r= 0.81 for girls (n= 22), boys (n= 18), mothers (n= 27) and fathers (n= 23), respectively (p < 0.0001 for all)]. However, there was a clear difference in the absolute impedance values due to the fact that the devices measure different segments of the body. Fat percentages based on inbuilt equations of the two devices correlated in girls, mothers and fathers (r= 0.71, r= 0.94, r= 0.80, respectively; p < 0.001) but not in boys (r= 0.21, p= 0.41). Using the Bland‐Altman comparison method, a large intraindividual difference was observed in the fat percentages by the two devices, independent of adiposity level. Both devices detected significant gender differences in fat percentages in 7‐y‐old girls and boys with similar BMIs.Conclusion: When using the Tanita 105 leg‐to‐leg bioelectric impedance device to assess adiposity in children there is an obvious need for revised equations. For this, comparative studies using more validated methods, i.e. densitometry or DEXA, as part of a multi‐compartment model are needed.
Bangladeshi rural mothers prepare safer rice oral rehydration solution
Authors: Molla AM , Bari A , Greenough WB , Molla AM , Budhiraja P , Sharma PN 
Published: August 2010

Mothers in rural Bangladesh were trained to prepare and use either Rice‐ORS (R‐ORS) or Glucose‐ORS (G‐ORS) solutions to treat children with diarrhoea. Families were provided with either G‐ORS or R‐ORS of the same electrolyte composition through a depot holder. Subsequently, random samples of solutions actually used for treatment by the mothers were collected from homes by field workers. A total of 227 R‐ORS and 239 G‐ORS samples were analysed. The sodium concentration in about 90% of the samples had a safe range (50‐120 mmol/l). Only 4% of R‐ORS solutions were above 120 mmol/l in sodium concentration, while 12% of G‐ORS solutions exceeded these limits (p < 0.0025). R‐ORS (after acid hydrolysis) provided significantly higher glucose (257 ± 42 mmol/l) for active but safe absorption compared to G‐ORS (115 ± 39 mmol/l). To make R‐ORS liquid enough to drink requires addition of sufficient water, preventing the risk of higher sodium concentration.Unlike rice starch, glucose is a highly soluble substance. It is thus possible to prepare a drinkable solution containing dangerously high concentrations of both sodium and glucose, but this can be minimized by more intensive training of the mothers.
Recognition of facial expressions of emotions in school‐age children: the intersection of perceptual and semantic categories
Authors: Vicari S , Reilly J Snitzer , Pasqualetti P , Vizzotto A , Caltagirone C 
Published: August 2010

Recognition of the facial expressions of emotions is a critical communicative system early in development and continues to play an important role throughout adulthood. In the past, the results of developmental studies of emotional facial recognition have often conflicted. The present study was designed to examine the development of emotional facial recognition in a large sample of school‐aged children (n=120, ages 5‐10 y). In particular, we investigate whether emotion categories, i.e., those based on the visual spatial parameters of facial expression, develop in a similar fashion to those that also recruit lexical knowledge of emotion terms. We have found two distinct patterns of development and we suggest that these different profiles are a consequence of the very different cognitive abilities that they recruit.Conclusion: Emotion cognition is a variegated domain which is differentially related to such areas of cognition as visuo‐spatial and lexical semantic abilities.