bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural History of Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer Managed With Watchful Waiting
Authors: Ventimiglia Eugenio , Gedeborg Rolf , Styrke Johan , Robinson David , Stattin Pär , Garmo Hans 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceIt is uncertain to what extent watchful waiting (WW) in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PCa) and a life expectancy of less than 10 years is associated with adverse consequences.ObjectiveTo report transitions to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), death from PCa, or death from other causes in men treated with a WW strategy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationwide, population-based cohort study included men with nonmetastatic PCa diagnosed since 2007 and registered in the National Prostate Cancer Register of Sweden with WW as the primary treatment strategy and with life expectancy less than 10 years. Life expectancy was calculated based on age, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and a drug comorbidity index. Observed state transition models complemented observed data to extend follow-up to more than 20 years. Analyses were performed between 2022 and 2023.ExposureNonmetastatic PCa.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTransitions to ADT, CRPC, death from PCa, and death from other causes were measured using state transition modeling.ResultsThe sample included 5234 men (median [IQR] age at diagnosis, 81 [79-84] years). After 5 years, 954 men with low-risk PCa (66.2%) and 740 with high-risk PCa (36.1%) were still alive and not receiving ADT. At 10 years, the corresponding proportions were 25.5% (n = 367) and 10.4% (n = 213), respectively. After 10 years, 59 men with low-risk PCa (4.1%) and 221 with high-risk PCa (10.8%) had transitioned to CRPC. Ten years after diagnosis, 1330 deaths in the low-risk group (92.3%) and 1724 in the high-risk group (84.1%) were from causes other than PCa.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that the WW management strategy is appropriate for minimizing adverse consequences of PCa in men with a baseline life expectancy of less than 10 years.
Baseline systolic blood pressure, hypertension history, and efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning
Authors: Cai Ji‐Ru , Zhang Nan‐Nan , Cui Yu , Ning Yue‐Xin , Wu Qiong , Zhang Yi‐Na , Chen Hui‐Sheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe performed a post hoc exploratory analysis of Remote Ischemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischemic Stroke (RICAMIS) to determine whether hypertension history and baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) affect the efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC).MethodsBased on the full analysis set of RICAMIS, patients were divided into hypertension versus non‐hypertension group, or <140 mmHg versus ≥140 mmHg group. Each group was further subdivided into RIC and control subgroups. The primary outcome was modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–1 at 90 days. Efficacy of RIC was compared among patients with hypertension versus nonhypertension history and SBP of <140 mmHg versus ≥140 mmHg. Furthermore, the interaction effect of treatment with hypertension and SBP was assessed.ResultsCompared with control group, RIC produced a significantly higher proportion of patients with excellent functional outcome in the nonhypertension group (RIC vs. control: 65.7% vs. 57.0%, OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.06–1.98; p = 0.02), but no significant difference was observed in the hypertension group (RIC vs. control: 69.1% vs. 65.2%, p = 0.17). Similar results were observed in SBP ≥140 mmHg group (RIC vs. control: 68.0% vs. 61.2%, p = 0.009) and SBP <140 mmHg group (RIC vs. control: 65.6% vs. 64.7%, p = 0.77). No interaction effect of RIC on primary outcome was identified.InterpretationHypertension and baseline SBP did not affect the neuroprotective effect of RIC, but they were associated with higher probability of excellent functional outcome in patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke who received RIC treatment.
Adherence and Treat‐to‐Target Benchmarks in Older Adults With Gout Initiating Urate‐Lowering Therapy in Ontario, Canada: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Kwok Timothy S. H. , Kuriya Bindee , Hawker Gillian , Eder Lihi , Li Ping , Choy Gregory , Widdifield Jessica 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate urate‐lowering therapy (ULT) adherence and treatment‐to‐target (T2T) serum uric acid (SUA) levels among older adults with gout starting ULT.MethodsWe performed a population‐based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada in patients with gout aged ≥66 years newly dispensed ULT between 2010 and 2019. We defined successful T2T as patients having SUA levels <360 μmol/L (6 mg/dL) within 12 months after ULT dispensation. We also assessed adherence to ULT. Multilevel logistic regression clustered by ULT prescriber evaluated patient, physician, and prescription factors associated with reaching target SUA levels.ResultsAmong 44,438 patients (mean ± SD age 76.0 ± 7.3 years; 64.4% male), 30,057 (67.6%) patients had ≥1 SUA test completed. Overall, 52.3% patients reached SUA target within 12 months, improving from 45.2% in 2010 to 61.2% in 2019 (P < 0.0001). ULT adherence was 55.3% overall and improved annually. Key factors associated with achieving T2T included febuxostat treatment (odds ratio [OR] 11.40, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 5.10–25.43) (was only dispensed in 88 patients), ULT adherence (OR 5.17, 95% CI 4.89–5.47), allopurinol starting doses >50 mg (OR 2.53, 95% CI 2.14–2.99), colchicine/oral glucocorticoids co‐prescription (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.14–1.34), and ULT prescription from a rheumatologist.ConclusionOnly 52.3% of patients achieved an optimal SUA level within 1 year of ULT initiation. ULT adherence was suboptimal, although improving over time. ULT adherence and higher allopurinol starting doses had the strongest associations of achieving a target SUA level. This study highlights room for improvement in gout management and potential strategies to address care gaps.
Xenohormetic Phytochemicals Inhibit Neovascularization in Microphysiological Models of Vasculogenesis and Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: Kpeli G. Wills , Conrad K. Michael , Bralower William , Byrne C. Ethan , Boue Stephen M. , Burow Matthew E. , Mondrinos Mark J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractXenohormesis proposes that phytochemicals produced to combat stressors in the host plant exert biochemical effects in animal cells lacking cognate receptors. Xenohormetic phytochemicals such as flavonoids and phytoalexins modulate a range of human cell signaling mechanisms but functional correlations with human pathophysiology are lacking. Here, potent inhibitory effects of grapefruit‐derived Naringenin (Nar) and soybean‐derived Glyceollins (Gly) in human microphysiological models of bulk tissue vasculogenesis and tumor angiogenesis are reported. Despite this interference of vascular morphogenesis, Nar and Gly are not cytotoxic to endothelial cells and do not prevent cell cycle entry. The anti‐vasculogenic effects of Glyceollin are significantly more potent in sex‐matched female (XX) models. Nar and Gly do not decrease viability or expression of proangiogenic genes in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell spheroids, suggesting that inhibition of sprouting angiogenesis by Nar and Gly in a MPS model of the (TNBC) microenvironment are mediated via direct effects in endothelial cells. The study supports further research of Naringenin and Glyceollin as health‐promoting agents with special attention to mechanisms of action in vascular endothelial cells and the role of biological sex, which can improve the understanding of dietary nutrition and the pharmacology of phytochemical preparations.
Unveiling the Links Between Microbial Alteration and Host Gene Disarray in Crohn's Disease via TAHMC
Authors: Chang Huijun , Liu Yongshuai , Wang Yue , Li Lixiang , Mu Yijun , Zheng Mengqi , Liu Junfei , Zhang Jinghui , Bai Runze , Li Yanqing , Zuo Xiuli 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA compelling correlation method linking microbial communities and host gene expression in tissues is currently absent. A novel pipeline is proposed, dubbed Transcriptome Analysis of Host‐Microbiome Crosstalk (TAHMC), designed to concurrently restore both host gene expression and microbial quantification from bulk RNA‐seq data. Employing this approach, it discerned associations between the tissue microbiome and host immunity in the context of Crohn's disease (CD). Further, machine learning is utilized to separately construct networks of associations among host mRNA, long non‐coding RNA, and tissue microbes. Unique host genes and tissue microbes are extracted from these networks for potential utility in CD diagnosis. Experimental validation of the predicted host gene regulation by microbes from the association network is achieved through the co‐culturing of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii with Caco‐2 cells. Collectively, the TAHMC pipeline accurately recovers both host gene expression and microbial quantification from CD RNA‐seq data, thereby illuminating potential causal links between shifts in microbial composition as well as diversity within CD mucosal tissues and aberrant host gene expression.
Solar‐Driven Lithium Extraction by a Floating Felt
Authors: Chen Xin , Yu Wenhua , Zhang Yue , Huang Chen , Nie Lu , Yu Jiameng , Zhang Yuyao , Zhang Chang , Zhai Wenbo , Zhang Xinshui , Yu Yi , Liu Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOceans/brine offers a massive supply of lithium sources that can support the renewable energy storage system. However, the current lithium extraction processes from seawater are complicated for scalable production. Here, a high‐performance solar‐driven, direct lithium‐extraction felt (DEF) is developed. DEF consists of a reasonable addition of Li1.6Mn1.6O4 particles on polypropylene/polyethylene core‐sheath fibers, which are dark‐colored and can float on top of bodies of water. Compared with the conventional method, DEF shows improved Li‐ion adsorption rate and capacity by solar‐driven. Meanwhile, the fibers’ hydrophilicity promotes spontaneous upward transport of water/ions, avoiding concentration polarization. Even for the test using simulated seawater (≈100 kg) with low Li‐ion concentration outdoors, DEF demonstrates high efficiency under natural sunlight. DEF shows good salt‐rejection performance in outdoor real‐time evaporation experiments to ensure working stability. In addition, this method saves the steps of liquid storage, liquid transportation, and pump drive. This work provides an easy, highly efficient, and low‐cost strategy to extract lithium directly from seawater/brine with the assistance of solar energy.
Synthesis and Structural Design of Graphene, Silicon and Silicon‐Based Materials Including Incorporation of Graphene as Anode to Improve Electrochemical Performance in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Reslan Jawad , Saadaoui Mohamed , Djenizian Thierry 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSilicon emerges as a candidate for advancing lithium ion batteries with important roles in various applications ranging from portable electronics to electric vehicles. However, despite its theoretical capacities silicon faces challenges such as unstable cycling and limited rate performance. This thorough review examines developments in improving the electrochemical performance of silicon and graphene within the context of lithium ion batteries. The focus lies on strategies for designing and synthesizing composite materials that incorporate silicon particularly when combined with graphene. Structural aspects like particle size, morphology and porosity are carefully optimized to harness the potential of silicon based anodes and graphene. The review highlights the effects resulting from these tailored design approaches, including key factors such as capacity retention, cycling stability and rate capability of the resulting anode materials. By exploring these design paradigms this review offers a comprehensive perspective on the transformative capabilities of silicon, graphene and silicon/graphene composites. It does not highlights recent advancements but also outlines future directions for innovation and practical applications. This compilation of progress contributes to the understanding of how silicon based anodes, in lithium ion batteries have evolved from small‐scale implementations to catalyzing advancements in energy utilization.
Gradient Dion‐Jacobson Phase Stable Quasi‐2D Perovskite@Graphene Hybrid for High Responsivity Photodetectors
Authors: Hegde Sapthami , Sridhar Varun , Chen Ruei San , Chattopadhyay Surojit 
Published: June 2024

AbstractQuasi‐(2D) formamidinium lead‐iodide (FAPbI3) perovskites are winsome materials for high‐performance photodetectors (PDs). Between Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) and Dion‐Jacobson (DJ) phases, the latter exhibits lower non‐radiative recombination and higher mobility compared to the relatively easily synthesized former. For efficient charge separation and transport, graphene‐assisted two‐terminal coplanar PD leveraging the DJ phase perovskite is proposed. Diamino octane (DAO), incorporated into 3D FAPbI3 perovskite, resulted in DJ phase [DAO(FA)n‐1PbnI3n+1], n being predefined integers 1≤ n ≤ ∞, demonstrating a vertical gradient heterostructure of n phases. Superior crystallinity and thermal stability of the quasi‐2D films are confirmed via synchrotron‐based studies. Band‐edge of the 3D film blue‐shifted consistently from 810 nm, while passing through the quasi‐2D phases, to ≈500 nm for the 2D phase. The dynamic range of photoresponsivity (R) of PDs reflected the absorption trend, with the 2D perovskite being infrared blind. Graphene's high carrier mobility coupled with the perovskite's high absorbance resulted in an unprecedented high R of ≈107 A W−1 and specific detectivity of 9.77 × 1016 Jones under 42.25 nW cm−2 of 405 nm illumination for the predefined n = 2 film. This underscores the potential of the DJ phase quasi‐2D perovskite@graphene in realizing stable, sensitive, and spectrally tunable PDs.
Inert Gas Element as Active Infrared‐Absorption Source and Donor in Silicon for Forbidden‐Wavelength Sensing
Authors: Chen Nian‐Ke , Gao Yu‐Chen , Zhao Ji‐Hong , Li Chun‐Hao , Chen Qi‐Dai , Sun Hong‐Bo , Zhang Shengbai , Li Xian‐Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntrinsic silicon (Si) is forbidden for infrared (IR) sensing at the communication wavelength like 1.31 or 1.55 µm due to the well‐known bandgap limitation. In this work, an unexpected physical picture of using argon (Ar) is identified, which is usually inert to the surrounding chemical environment and used as a protective agent in semiconductor processing, to overcome the IR‐sensing‐forbidden problem in Si. Here, it is shown by an analysis of a dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometer that such a Si, when exposed to laser pulse in Ar gas, can contain a very high dose of Ar up to 1020 cm−3 even after 1300 days. First‐principles calculations, molecular dynamics, and Hall effect measurements reveal that, due to both steric and dynamic repulsions by Ar orbitals to Si dangling bonds, the Ar‐filled‐vacancy produces a much wider defect band inside the gap, which is not only responsible for strong infrared absorption, but also causes a significant increase in n‐type conductivity, both in line with experiments. The study proves that originally inert elements in fact can act as active impurities in semiconductors for advanced applications, which updates the current knowledge of defect physics.
Stereoselective Organocatalyzed Glycosylation of Glycosyl Trichloroacetimidate Donors: Thiouracil as Brønsted Acid Catalyst
Authors: Tiwari Ashwani , Khanam Ariza , Lal Mohan , Kumar Mandal Pintu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHerein, we report thiouracil‐catalyzed α‐selective O‐glycosylations employing easily accessible glycosyl trichloroacetimidate donors without using any co‐catalyst or additive. A variety of alcohol nucleophiles including saccharides, and amino acids with different protecting groups containing glycosyl trichloroacetimidate donors were successfully α‐glycosylated using an operationally simple protocol. Moreover, mechanistic investigations suggest that thiouracil functions as Brønsted acid/base catalyst in this glycosylation process.
Gold(I)−Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfamides via an Intramolecular Dehydrative Amination of Allylic Alcohols: A Strategy for 1,3‐Diamine Synthesis
Authors: Lee Soyun , Kim Da Mi , Ryu Jae‐Sang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA gold(I)‐catalyzed intramolecular dehydrative amination method has been developed to synthesize diverse cyclic sulfamides efficiently. Reactions proceed smoothly at room temperature using a combination of (IPr)AuCl (5 mol%) and AgBF4 (5 mol%). This method showcases a broad substrate scope, encompassing challenging seven‐membered ring structures, and exhibits functional group compatibility. Moreover, the reaction demonstrates high stereoselectivity, allowing the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched cyclic sulfamides from chiral secondary allylic alcohols. The synthesized cyclic sulfamides serve as valuable intermediates for generating 1,3‐diamines. This approach provides an improved route for cyclic sulfamide synthesis and a strategic entry point for obtaining essential 1,3‐diamine derivatives.
Bipolar Pseudohalide Ammonium Salts Bridged Perovskite Buried Interface toward Efficient Indoor Photovoltaics
Authors: Li Chen , Sun Haoxuan , Dou Da , Gan Shan , Li Liang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to the higher photon energy under indoor photovoltaic conditions, using perovskite materials with wider bandgaps has become a consensus. However, updating perovskite absorbers requires additional adaptations involving at least two layers of transport materials and two interfaces, increasing the development complexity. This study acknowledges that the buried interface is the primary location for the generation of photoinduced carriers, and achieving efficient carrier separation and transport at this interface will solve most of the open circuit voltage (VOC) loss issues encountered in transitioning from solar photovoltaics to indoor photovoltaics. Therefore, a class of bipolar pseudohalide ammonium salts is proposed for use as bridging agents for the buried interface to effectively resolve the issues of lattice misalignment and insufficient carrier driving force at the buried interface when broadening the perovskite bandgap, thereby reducing VOC loss in indoor photovoltaics. The optimized device exhibits an excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 41.04%, with a record‐high VOC of 1.08 V. It also demonstrates impressive long‐term operational stability with a T80 lifetime of 1000 h. Substituting various non‐buried interface transport materials and different categories of wide‐bandgap perovskite absorbers does not alter the effectiveness, proving its universality.
Role of Cu Oxide and Cu Adatoms in the Reactivity of CO2 on Cu(110)
Authors: Jensen Sigmund , Cheula Raffaele , Hedevang Martin , Andersen Mie , Lauritsen Jeppe V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe investigate the interaction of CO2 with metallic and oxidized Cu(110) surfaces using a combination of near‐ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscopy (NAP‐STM) and theoretical calculations. While the Cu(110) and full CuO films are inert, the interface between bare Cu(110) and the CuO film is observed to react instantly with CO2 at a 10 mbar pressure. The reaction is observed to proceed from the interfacial sites of CuO/Cu(110). During reaction with CO2, the CuO/Cu(110) interface releases Cu adatoms which combine with CO3 to produce a variety of added Cu−CO3 structures, whose stability depends on the gas pressure of CO2. A main implication for the reactivity of Cu(110) is that Cu adatoms and highly undercoordinated CuO segments are created on the Cu(110) surface through the interaction with CO2, which may act as reaction‐induced active sites. In the case of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, our theoretical assessment of such sites indicates that their presence may significantly promote CH3OH formation. Our study thus implies that the CuO/Cu(110) interfacial system is highly dynamic in the presence of CO2, and it suggests a possible strong importance of reaction‐induced Cu and CuO sites for the surface chemistry of Cu(110) in CO2‐related catalysis.
Surface‐Like Diffusion of Fast Ions in Framework Energy Materials for Li‐ and Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jingxi , Dong Yanhao , Wang Chang‐An 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe rate performance, power density, and energy efficiency of electrochemical devices are often limited by ionic conductivities in electrolyte and electrode materials. Framework Prussian blue analogs and dense niobium oxides have been identified as high‐rate electrodes for sodium‐ and lithium‐ion batteries, respectively, yet the origin of the extremely high solid‐state Na+/Li+ transport is not fully understood. Of critical importance is the fact that their ultra‐low activation energy and anomalous pre‐exponent factor cannot be satisfactorily rationalized from conventional theory of solid‐state diffusion in the crystal lattice. Here, assisted by density‐functional‐theory calculations, we argued that the true origin is a unique surface‐like diffusion mechanism of the intercalation ions. In a surface‐like migration event, a mobile ion moves along the channel wall via a low coordination number and low migration barrier experiencing minimal steric hindrance. It is similar to surface diffusion in the conventional picture and contrasts with lattice diffusion from one interstitial/vacancy site to another one with high coordination number, crowded saddle‐point geometry and high migration barrier. We found that the shifting from solid‐state lattice diffusion to surface‐like diffusion is determined by the size difference between the mobile ion and the diffusion channel, and a lowest migration energy barrier can be reached by mediating the channel size. The analogy to gas diffusion in molecular sieves shall be discussed. Additionally, the effects of defects and crystal water in Prussian blue analogs were also discussed for better understanding their rate performances in experimental scenarios.
Efficient C(sp3)−H Bond Oxidation on Perovskite Quantum Dots Based on Ce‐Oxygen Affinity
Authors: Wang Teng , Li Yonglong , Yang Xian , Hu Yanfang , Du Xiaomeng , Zhang Maodi , Huang Zhuanzhuan , Liu Siyu , Wang Ying , Xie Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPerovskite quantum dots (QDs) have shown attractive prospects in the field of visible photocatalysis, especially in the synthesis of high value‐added chemicals. However, under aerobic conditions, the stable operation of QD catalysts has been limited by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by photoexcitation, especially superoxide species O2⋅−. Here, we propose a strategy of Ce3+ doping in perovskite QDs to guide superoxide species for photocatalytic oxidation reactions. In C(sp3)−H bond oxidation of hydrocarbons, superoxide species were rapidly generated and efficiently utilized on the surface of perovskite QDs, which achieves the stable operation of the catalytic system and obtains a high product conversion rate (15.3 mmol/g/h for benzaldehydes). The mechanism studies show that the strong Ce‐oxygen affinity accelerates the relaxation process of photoinduced exciton transfer to superoxide species and inhibits the radiative recombination pathway. This work provides a new idea of utilizing oxygen species on perovskite surface and broadens the design strategy of high‐performance QD photocatalysts.