bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Good nutritional control may prevent polyneuropathy after bariatric surgery
Authors: Thaisetthawatkul Pariwat , Collazo‐Clavell Maria L. , Sarr Michael G. , Norell Jane E. , Dyck P. James B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPreviously we showed that peripheral neuropathy occurs after bariatric surgery and was associated with malnutrition (mainly sensory polyneuropathy). This study asks whether a multidisciplinary approach to bariatric surgery lowers risk for developing peripheral neuropathy. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients with bariatric surgery at the Mayo Clinic between 1985 and 2002. Patients underwent intensive nutritional management before and after surgery. Potential risk factors were analyzed using life‐table methods (Cox regression). Univariate analysis showed the following risk factors: increased serum glycosylated hemoglobin and triglycerides, prolonged hospitalization, postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms, and nausea and vomiting. Peripheral neuropathy occurred less frequently (7% vs. 13%, P < 0.01) and specifically the sensory polyneuropathy subtype (1% vs. 7%, P < 0.0001) than in our prior cohort. A systematic, multidisciplinary approach of intensive nutritional management before and after surgery with frequent follow‐up greatly decreased development of peripheral neuropathy (especially sensory polyneuropathy) in patients receiving bariatric surgery. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Overactive bladder: Is there a link to the metabolic syndrome in men?
Authors: Kirby Michael G. , Wagg Adrian , Cardozo Linda , Chapple Christopher , Castro‐Diaz David , de Ridder Dirk , Espuna‐Pons Montserrat , Haab Francois , Kelleher Con , Kölbl Heinz , Milsom Ian , Van Kerrebroeck Philip , Vierhout Mark , Salvatore Stefano , Tubaro Andrea 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIt is becoming increasingly clear that a variety of metabolic, cardiovascular, and endocrine factors contribute to male pelvic health. In particular, a growing body of evidence suggests a relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms, benign prostatic hyperplasia, overactive bladder, erectile dysfunction, and the metabolic syndrome. This article explores these relationships, focusing on the role of the autonomic nervous system and hyperinsulinemia, together with their implications for urological practice. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:1360–1364, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motor deficits and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)‐associated MRI impairments in a mouse model of NF1
Authors: Robinson Ari , Kloog Yoel , Stein Reuven , Assaf Yaniv 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder characterized inter alia by cognitive and motor dysfunction and appearance of high‐signal foci on T2‐weighted images in the brain. Nf1+/− mice are useful models for studying aspects of NF1, including cognitive deficits. Here we assessed their motor performance and used quantitative transverse T2 relaxation MRI to identify structural abnormalities in their brains. Nf1+/− mice exhibited both enhanced and reduced T2 signals in distinct brain regions compared to wild‐type mice, and their motor performance was impaired. As in NF1 patients, enhanced T2 signals in Nf1+/− mice were observed in the thalamus and basal ganglia. Reduced T2 signals were seen in motor‐associated regions along the motor pathway, predominantly in the white matter of the cerebral peduncle and the optic tract. Correlation analysis between T2 signals and motor performance suggested that the motor deficits are associated with impairments in the cerebral peduncle and the amygdala. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fanconi anemia gene mutations are not involved in sporadic Wilms tumor
Authors: Adank Muriel A. , Segers Heidi , van Mil Saskia E. , van Helsdingen Yvette M. , Ameziane Najim , van den Ouweland Ans M.W. , Wagner Anja , Meijers‐Heijboer Hanne , Kool Marcel , de Kraker Jan , Waisfisz Quinten , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBi‐allelic germline mutations of the Fanconi anemia (FA) genes, PALB2/FANCN and BRCA2/FANCD1, have been reported in a few Wilms tumor (WT) patients with an atypical FA phenotype. Therefore, we screened a random cohort of 47 Dutch WT cases for germline mutations in these two FA‐genes by DNA sequencing and Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). Although several cases appeared to carry missense variants, no bi‐allelic pathogenic mutations were identified, indicating that bi‐allelic mutations in these FA‐genes do not contribute significantly to the occurrence of WT. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:742–744. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Burkitt lymphoma: Residual abdominal tumor volume after induction therapy correlates with outcome
Authors: Hesseling Peter , McCormick Peter , Kouya Francine , Soh Felicite , Katayi Tshimwanga , Noglik Genny , Kidd Martin , Kenyu Ernest , Ngam Ivo , Tata George 
Published: June 2010

AbstractStaging investigations in the Malawi 2003 BL protocol included abdominal ultrasonography. This sometimes demonstrated tumor that was not palpable. Patients with no palpable tumor following induction with three courses of cyclophosphamide were considered to be in remission, although residual intraabdominal tumor was documented in some by chance. We repeated ultrasonography on day 29 on 22 new patients with non‐palpable abdominal BL following induction. The relapse rate after 1 year correlated with the largest residual tumor volume, and was 17% for tumors 0–35 ml, and 75% for tumors ≥35 ml in volume. Risk patients were thus identified. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:761–762. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myeloid neoplasm with prominent eosinophilia and PDGFRA rearrangement treated with imatinib mesylate
Authors: Rathe Mathias , Kristensen Thomas Kielsgaard , Møller Michael Boe , Carlsen Niels L.T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe FIP1L1–PDGFRA fusion gene is the most frequent genetic aberration in myeloid neoplasms associated with eosinophilia and abnormalities of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1. Affected patients in adult populations are very sensitive to imatinib therapy. Pediatric cases are rare and so far only one case of FIP1L1–PDGFRA positive disease has been reported. We report a 2‐year‐old female with a myeloid neoplasm associated with eosinophilia and rearrangement of PDGFRA. Treatment with imatinib resulted in complete and durable clinical, hematological, and molecular remission within 3 months after starting treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:730–732. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Young age at diagnosis is a risk factor for negative late socio‐economic effects after acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood
Authors: Holmqvist Anna Sällfors , Wiebe Thomas , Hjorth Lars , Lindgren Anna , Øra Ingrid , Moëll Christian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing number of survivors after childhood cancer requires characterization of the late complications of these diseases and their treatment. We examined a large number of possible socio‐economic late effects following treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in order to identify factors leading to a poor outcome.ProcedureAll individuals who had been diagnosed with ALL and who were alive in January 2007 (n = 213; men = 107) were identified from a database of all patients with cancer before the age of 18 in Southern Sweden from 1970 to 1999. For each subject, 50 matched controls were identified from the Swedish Population Register. Information on marital status, children, education, employment, income, and support from the community was obtained from Statistics Sweden.ResultsAt the ages of 25 and 30, survivors of ALL had attained a lower level of education than controls. At the age of 30, they were less often employed (70% vs. 82%, P = 0.019), less often married (19% vs. 32%, P = 0.019), and had children to a lesser extent (31% vs. 47%, P = 0.011) than controls. We identified young age at diagnosis as a risk factor for adverse outcome in the majority of the socio‐economic variables studied, apart from the known risk of cranial irradiation treatment. Furthermore, female survivors had a greater risk of achieving a lower level of education than both male survivors and controls.ConclusionsYoung age at diagnosis, as well as treatment with cranial irradiation, is a risk factor for socio‐economic late effects after treatment for ALL in childhood. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010;55:698–707. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow/pressure characteristics and modeling of deformation processes of single‐screw extruders
Authors: Borisov A.A. , Berdyshev B.V. , Hosseini H. , Shirkavand‐Hadavand B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOne of the most widespread practical methods of polymer processing is the extrusion method that is based on pressing a polymeric melt through channels of the molding tool which have different geometrical cross sections. The principal technical characteristic of extruders, named flow/pressure balance, and also modeling of deformation processes permit to evaluate their practical output in processing various polymers as a function of the hydraulic resistance which depends on the flow of an extruded polymeric material through the channels of the forming tool. The validity of obtained and presented results permits to recommend them reasonably not only for estimation of extruder output but also for making calculations necessary in extruder equipment design: checking calculation of strength and stability of a screw, calculation of driving power of the equipment being designed, strength calculation of a plasticizing cylinder, etc. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:2069–2073, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Comparison study of graphite nanosheets and carbon black as fillers for high density polyethylene
Authors: Wang Liwei , Hong Jiangbin , Chen Guohua 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this work, the properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/graphite nanosheets (GN) and HDPE/carbon black (CB) nanocomposites prepared by melt mixing were studied. GN‐filled HDPE nanocomposites exhibited very low percolation threshold (ca. 6 wt%) as compared with that of HDPE/CB (ca. 22 wt%). Moreover, the impact strength and processing properties of HDPE/GN nanocomposites were superior to those of HDPE/CB within a certain content of fillers. The large aspect ratio of GN plays an important role in reducing the percolation threshold of HDPE/GN nanocomposites. Furthermore, the tensile fracture morphology revealed the formation of continuous conducting networks after the content of GN reached the critical percolation threshold. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis illustrated a decreasing degree of crystallinity of HDPE/GN nanocomposites, while the crystalline temperature varied slightly. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Viscoelastic flow analysis of surface morphology on injection‐molded polypropylene
Authors: Kobayashi Yutaka , Otsuki Yasuhiko , Kanai Toshitaka 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe molecular orientation of a frozen layer in an injection‐molded specimen of a polypropylene–rubber blend was investigated. A typical V‐shaped pattern of birefringence was observed from the surface to the core in a crosscut section. From the comparison of the V‐patterns near the gate to the flow end, it was assumed that a frozen layer formed from the surface to a depth of 0.06 mm in a plaque (3 mm thickness) during the injection molding filling process. Numerical viscoelastic analysis of the fountain flow was carried out using an original 2D unsteady flow simulation program and ignored crystallization. A large extensional deformation formed just when the molten polymer contacted the cavity wall and the deformation immediately froze. A layer with a small birefringence between the surface and the shear‐oriented layer was divided into two parts. The depth profile of birefringence was compared to the principal stress difference calculated by numerical analysis. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Orthogonal design study on factors effecting on fibers diameter of melt electrospinning
Authors: Liu Yong , Deng Rongjian , Hao Mingfeng , Yan Hua , Yang Weimin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMelt electrospinning is a much more simple and safe method to produce ultra fine fibers than solution electrospinning. The diameters of melt electrospinning fibers are thicker. To find the factors that affect the fibers diameter in melt electrospinning, orthogonal design was used to examine melt temperature, spinning voltage, spinning distance, and melt flow rate (MFR) of polymer. Results showed that MFR at present three levels has the most important impact both on the average diameters and standard deviations of fiber diameters. The scanning electron microscopy pictures show that all the fibers have smooth surface, which means the melt electrospinning fibers have good mechanical properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:2074–2078, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Turbulenz bändigen
Authors: Hof Björn , Schneider Tobias M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTurbulente Strömungen haben einen höheren Reibungswiderstand als laminare. Insbesondere bei hohen Durchflussraten können Turbulenzen zum Beispiel in Ölpipelines oder städtischen Wasserleitungen die Transportkosten auf das 100‐Fache ansteigen lassen. Neue Einsichten in die physikalischen Mechanismen, die turbulente Wirbel erzeugen, haben es unserer Gruppe aus Göttingen und Harvard erstmalig ermöglicht, im Experiment eine turbulente Strömung kontrolliert wieder in den laminaren Zustand zurückzuführen.
Solvatochromism as an efficient tool to study N,N‐dimethylamino‐ and cyano‐substituted π‐conjugated molecules with an intramolecular charge‐transfer absorption
Authors: Bureš Filip , Pytela Oldřich , Kivala Milan , Diederich François 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA representative data set has been gained by the measurement of the electronic absorption spectra of 12 systematically selected push–pull systems with an intramolecular charge‐transfer (CT) absorption and the general structure D–π–A (D = donor, A = acceptor) featuring electron‐withdrawing CN groups, electron‐donating N(CH3)2 groups, and various π‐conjugated backbones in 32 solvents with different polarities. The longest‐wavelength absorption maxima λmax and the corresponding wavenumbers $\tilde {v}_{{\rm max}} $ were evaluated from the UV/Vis spectra measured in 32 well‐selected solvents. The D–π–A push–pull systems were further characterized by quantum‐chemical quantities and simple structural parameters. Structure–solvatochromism relationships were evaluated by multidimensional statistic methods. Whereas solvent polarizability and solvent cavity size proved to be the most important factors affecting the position of λmax, the solvent polarity was less important. The most important characteristics of organic CT compounds are the energy of the LUMO, the permanent dipole moment, the COSMO (COnductor‐like Screening MOdel) area, the COSMO volume, the number, and ratio of N,N‐dimethylamino and cyano groups, and eventually the number of triple bonds (π‐linkers). A relation between the first‐order polarizability α, the longest‐wavelength absorption maxima λmax, and the structural features has also been found. The higher‐order polarizabilities β and γ are not related to the observed solvatochromism. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solifluction and mudflow on a limestone periglacial slope in the Swiss Alps: 14 years of monitoring
Authors: Matsuoka Norikazu 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe dynamics of stone‐banked lobes were investigated by monitoring soil movements and environmental parameters over 14 years on a limestone slope subject to deep seasonal frost. The monitored parameters included downslope soil movement, frost heave, soil temperature, moisture and snow depth. Despite being composed of the same soil, lobes on the upper slope (∼20°) display pressure ridges on the tread and terminate in a high riser (∼1 m), whereas lobes on the lower slope (∼10°) have a flat tread and a low riser (∼0.5 m). The long‐term monitoring demonstrates that gelifluction, resulting from seasonal frost heave of approximately 5 cm and thaw settlement, occurs annually in the lower lobes at a mean surface rate of 4 cm a−1 and with a movement base at approximately 40‐cm depth. The rate of gelifluction shows some interannual fluctuation depending primarily on the annual frost heave amount, but overall regularity of the rate and depth of movement regardless of seasonal frost depth results in lobes having similar morphologies. On the upper, steeper lobes located just below late‐lying snow patches, rapid, shallow mudflows (∼20 cm thick) are often superimposed on gelifluction. The rate of surface movement varies spatially, in places exceeding 2 m per event. The prolonged water supply and low consistency limits of the limestone soil favour mudflows on seasonal thawing. The transported sediments pile up near the lobe front, resulting in a high riser. Such modification of solifluction lobes by mudflows can occur in other slopes with similar gradients, soils, frost and snow conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Domain motion and interdomain hot spots in a multidomain enzyme
Authors: Chuang Gwo‐Yu , Mehra‐Chaudhary Ritcha , Ngan Chi‐Ho , Zerbe Brandon S. , Kozakov Dima , Vajda Sandor , Beamer Lesa J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyze conformational changes by comparing 10 different structures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase (PMM/PGM), a four‐domain enzyme in which both substrate binding and catalysis require substantial movement of the C‐terminal domain. We focus on changes in interdomain and active site crevices using a method called computational solvent mapping rather than superimposing the structures. The method places molecular probes (i.e., small organic molecules containing various functional groups) around the protein to find hot spots. One of the most important hot spots is in the active site, consistent with the ability of the enzyme to bind both glucose and mannose phosphosugar substrates. The protein has eight additional hot spots at domain‐domain interfaces and hinge regions. The locations and nature of six of these hot spots vary between the open, half‐open, and closed conformers of the enzyme, in good agreement with the ligand‐induced conformational changes. In the closed structures the number of probe clusters at the hinge region significantly depends on the position of the phosphorylated oxygen in the substrate (e.g., glucose 1‐phosphate versus glucose 6‐phosphate), but the protein remains almost unchanged in terms of the overall RMSD, indicating that computational solvent mapping is a more sensitive approach to detect changes in binding sites and interdomain crevices. Focusing on multidomain proteins we show that the subresolution conformational differences revealed by the mapping are in fact significant, and present a general statistical method of analysis to determine the significance of rigid body domain movements in X‐ray structures.
Rearranging the domains of pepsinogen
Authors: Lin Xinli , Koelsch Gerald , Loy Jeffrey A. , Tang Jordan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMost eukaryotic aspartic protease zymogens are synthesized as a single polypeptide chain that contains two distinct homologous lobes and a pro peptide, which is removed upon activation. In pepsinogen, the pro peptide precedes the N‐terminal lobe (designated pep) and the C‐terminal lobe (designated sin). Based on the three‐dimensional structure of pepsinogen, we have designed a pepsinogen polypeptide with the internal rearrangement of domains from pro‐pep‐sin (native pepsinogen) to sin‐pro‐pep. The domain‐rearranged zymogen also contains a 10‐residue linker designed to connect sin and pro domains. Recombinant sin‐pro‐pep was synthesized in Escherichia coli, refolded from 8 M urea, and purified. Upon acidification, sin‐pro‐pep autoactivates to a two‐chain enzyme. However, the emergence of activity is much slower than the conversion of the single‐chain zymogen to a two‐chain intermediate. In the activation of native pepsinogen and sin‐pro‐pep, the pro region is cleaved at two sites between residues 16P and 17P and 44P and 1 successively, and complete activation of sin‐pro‐pep requires an additional cleavage at a third site between residues IP and 2P. In pepsinogen activation, the cleavage of the first site is rate limiting because the second site is cleaved more rapidly to generate activity. In the activation of sin‐pro‐pep, however, the second site is cleaved slower than the first, and cleavage of the third site is the rate limiting step. The reason for these differences is the result of the presence of activation intermediates bearing pro peptide 1P‐16P, which is still covalently attached to the sin domain after the first and second cleavages. This peptide is known to have affinity to the enzyme moiety. Its presence apparently prevents the full expression of proteolytic activity, which catalyzes the cleavage of sites 2 and 3. A mechanism of intramolecular cleavage of site 1 is proposed that involves the local conformational change only near site 1 in the N‐terminal region of the pro peptide.
Heterogeneity of the covalent structure of the blue copper protein umecyanin from horseradish roots
Authors: Driessche Gonzalez Van , Beeumen Jozef Van , Dennison Christopher , Geoffrey Sykes A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe covalent structure of umecyanin has been determined by a combination of classical Edman degradation sequence analysis and plasma desorption, laser desorption, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The preparation appeared to contain two isoforms having either a valine (75%) or an isoleucine (25%) residue at position 48. The polypeptide chain of 115 amino acids is strongly heterogeneous at its C‐terminal end as a result of proteolytic cleavages at several places within the last 10 residues. The major fraction of the umecyanin preparation is only 106 residues long. The C‐terminal tail 107–115 contains mainly alanine and glycine residues and a single hydroxyproline residue. In the native protein there is a disulfide bridge between Cys 91 and Cys 57, but in the apoprotein there is a disulfide shift that involves Cys 91 and one of the four copper binding residues (Cys 85). The three other ligand binding residues are His 44, His 90, and Gin 95. This tetrad of amino acids is the same as occurs in other type 1 copper proteins from plants such as cucumber peeling cupredoxin and lacquer tree stellacyanin. The umecyanin isoforms are glycoproteins with a glycan core having the same carbohydrate composition as that of horseradish peroxidase, a fact that is convincingly supported thanks to the high accuracy of the electrospray mass spectrometric technique. We suggest that the glycan may play a role in the association of the protein to the cellular membrane, but the precise functional role of umecyanin remains to be determined. We also discuss the evolutionary position of umecyanin in relation to the type 1 copper proteins in general.