bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endorsement by the Primary Care Practitioner Consistently Improves Participation in Screening for Colorectal Cancer: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Zajac I T , Whibley A H , Cole S R , Byrne D , Guy J , Morcom J , Young G P 
Published: March 2010

Objectives To investigate the effect of general practice (GP) and general practitioner (GPR) endorsement for faecal occult blood test (FOBT)-based screening on maintenance of participation in screening over four successive screening rounds. Setting South Australian residents aged ≥50 years. Methods Random selection of four groups ( n = 600 per group): one from the Commonwealth electoral roll (ER) and three from the combined patient lists of two collaborating GPs (GP1, GP2, GP3). Subjects were mailed offers to screen using a faecal immunochemical test over four successive rounds, spaced approximately 18 months apart. The GP1 and ER groups were invited to screen without any endorsement from a GPR or medical practice; GP2 invitees received an invitation indicating support for screening from their medical practice; and GP3 invitations were printed on practice letterhead and were signed by a GPR. Results Multivariate analyses indicated that initial participation as well as re-participation over four successive rounds was significantly enhanced in the GP2 (39%, 42%, 45% and 44%) and GP3 groups (42%, 47%, 48% and 49%) relative to the ER group (33%, 37%, 40% and 36%). The analyses also indicated that 60–69 year olds were most likely to participate in all rounds (relative risk [RR] 1.49, 1.39, 1.43 and 1.25), and men were generally less likely to participate than women in all screening rounds (RR 0.86, 0.84, 0.80 and 0.83). Conclusions Associating a GPR or medical practice of recent contact with an invitation to screen achieves better participation and re-participation than does an invitation from a centralized screening unit. Furthermore, enhanced participation can be achieved by practice endorsement alone without requiring actual GPR involvement.
Distribution of Nuchal Translucency in Antenatal Screening for Down's Syndrome
Authors: Bestwick J P , Huttly W J , Wald N J 
Published: March 2010

Objective To determine whether the standard deviation of nuchal translucency (NT) measurements has decreased over time and if so to revise the estimate and assess the effect of revising the estimate of the standard deviation on the performance of antenatal screening for Down's syndrome. Setting Data from a routine antenatal screening programme for Down's syndrome comprising 106 affected and 22,640 unaffected pregnancies. Methods NT measurements were converted into multiple of the median (MoM) values and standard deviations of log10 MoM values were calculated in affected and unaffected pregnancies. The screening performance of the Combined and Integrated tests (that include NT measurement) were compared using previous and revised estimates of the standard deviation. Results The standard deviation of NT in unaffected pregnancies has reduced over time (from 1998 to 2008) (e.g. from 0.1329 to 0.1105 [log10 MoM] at 12–13 completed weeks of pregnancy, reducing the variance by about 30%). This was not observed in affected pregnancies. Compared with results from the serum, urine and ultrasound screening study (SURUSS), use of the revised NT standard deviations in unaffected pregnancies resulted in an approximate 20% decrease in the false-positive rate for a given detection rate; for example, from 2.1% to 1.7% (a 19% reduction) at a 90% detection rate using the Integrated test with first trimester markers measured at 1 1 completed weeks’ gestation and from 4.4% to 3.5% (a 20% reduction) at an 85% detection rate using the Combined test at 11 completed weeks. Conclusions The standard deviation of NT has declined over time and using the revised estimates improves the screening performance of tests that incorporate an NT measurement.
Vitamin D deficiency in patients with osteoarthritis undergoing total hip replacement
Authors: Nawabi D. H. , Chin K. F. , Keen R. W. , Haddad F. S. 
Published: March 2010

We measured the plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels in 62 consecutive Caucasian patients undergoing total hip replacement for osteoarthritis. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they were vitamin D sufficient or deficient. The groups were matched for age, gender and the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in our patients was comparable with recent population-based studies performed in the United Kingdom. Patients with vitamin D deficiency had lower pre-operative Harris hip scores (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.018) and were significantly less likely to attain an excellent outcome from total hip replacement (chi-squared test, p = 0.038). Vitamin D levels were found to positively correlate with both pre- and post-operative Harris hip scores. These results warrant further study of vitamin D deficiency in patients undergoing joint replacement as it is a risk factor for a suboptimal outcome which is relatively simple and cheap to correct.
Micro-decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Orpen N. M. , Corner J. A. , Shetty R. R. , Marshall R. 
Published: March 2010

We describe a modified technique of micro-decompression of the lumbar spine involving the use of an operating microscope, a malleable retractor and a high-speed burr, which allows decompression to be performed on both sides of the spine through a unilateral, hemi-laminectomy approach. The first 100 patients to be treated with this technique have been evaluated prospectively using a visual analogue score for sciatica and back pain, the MacNab criteria for patient satisfaction, and functional assessment with the Oswestry Disability Index. After a period of follow-up from 12 months to six years and four months, sciatica had improved in 90 patients and back pain in 84 patients. Their result was graded as good or excellent by 82 patients according to the MacNab criteria, and 75 patients had subjective improvement in their walking distance. Late instability developed in four patients. Lumbar micro-decompression has proved to be safe, with few complications. Postoperative instability requiring fusion was uncommon, and less than using traditional approaches in published series.
The reverse shoulder prosthesis in the treatment of fractures of the proximal humerus in the elderly
Authors: Cazeneuve J. F. , Cristofari D.-J. 
Published: March 2010

We have previously described the short-term outcome of the use of reverse shoulder arthroplasty in the treatment of acute complex proximal humeral fractures in the elderly. We now report the clinical and radiological outcome of 36 fractures at a mean of 6.6 years (1 to 16). Previously, at a mean follow-up of 6 years (1 to 12) the mean Constant score was 58.5; this was reduced to 53 points with the further follow-up. A total of 23 patients (63%) had radiological evidence of loosening of the glenoid component. Nevertheless, only one patient had aseptic loosening of the baseplate at 12 years’ follow-up. The reduction in the mean Constant score with longer follow-up and the further development of scapular notching is worrying. New developments in design, bearing surfaces and surgical technique, and further follow-up, will determine whether reverse shoulder arthroplasty has a place in the management of complex proximal humeral fractures in the elderly.
The Freeman femoral component with hydroxyapatite coating and retention of the neck
Authors: Mannan K. , Freeman M. A. R. , Scott G. 
Published: March 2010

The outcome at ten years of 100 Freeman hip stems (Finsbury Orthopaedics, Leatherhead, United Kingdom) retaining the neck with a proximal hydroxyapatite coating in a series of 52 men (six bilateral) and 40 women (two bilateral), has been described previously. None required revision for aseptic loosening. We have extended the follow-up to 20 years with a minimum of 17 years. The mean age of the patients at total hip replacement was 58.9 years (19 to 84). Six patients were lost to follow-up, but were included up to their last clinical review. A total of 22 patients (22 hips) had died, all from causes unrelated to their surgery. There have been 43 re-operations for failure of the acetabular component. However, in 38 of these the stem was not revised since it remained stable and there was no associated osteolysis. Two of the revisions were for damage to the trunnion after fracture of a modular ceramic head, and in another two, removal of the femoral component was because of the preference of the surgeon. In all cases the femoral component was well fixed, but could be extracted at the time of acetabular revision. In one case both components were revised for deep infection. There has been one case of aseptic loosening of the stem which occurred at 14 years. This stem had migrated distally by 7.6 mm in ten years and 8.4 mm at the time of revision at which stage it was found to be rotationally loose. With hindsight this component had been undersized at implantation. The survivorship for the stem at 17 years with aseptic loosening as the endpoint was 98.6% (95% confidence interval 95.9 to 100) when 62 hips were at risk. All remaining stems had a satisfactory clinical and radiological outcome. The Freeman proximally hydroxyapatite-coated femoral component is therefore a dependable implant and its continued use can be recommended.
The impact of pre-operative obesity on weight change and outcome in total knee replacement
Authors: Dowsey M. M. , Liew D. , Stoney J. D. , Choong P. F. 
Published: March 2010

We carried out a prospective, continuous study on 529 patients who underwent primary total knee replacement between January 2006 and December 2007 at a major teaching hospital. The aim was to investigate weight change and the functional and clinical outcome in non-obese and obese groups at 12 months post-operatively. The patients were grouped according to their pre-operative body mass index (BMI) as follows: non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2), obese (BMI 3 30 to 39 kg/m2) and morbidly obese (BMI > 40 kg/m2). The clinical outcome data were available for all patients and functional outcome data for 521 (98.5%). Overall, 318 (60.1%) of the patients were obese or morbidly obese. At 12 months, a clinically significant weight loss of ≥ 5% had occurred in 40 (12.6%) of the obese patients, but 107 (21%) gained weight. The change in the International Knee Society score was less in obese and morbidly obese compared with non-obese patients (p = 0.016). Adverse events occurred in 30 (14.2%) of the non-obese, 59 (22.6%) of the obese and 20 (35.1%) of the morbidly obese patients (p = 0.001).
The radiological evaluation of acetabular fractures in the elderly
Authors: Miller A. N. , Prasarn M. L. , Lorich D. G. , Helfet D. L. 
Published: March 2010

We have examined the accuracy of reduction and the functional outcomes in elderly patients with surgically treated acetabular fractures, based on assessment of plain radiographs and CT scans. There were 45 patients with such a fracture with a mean age of 67 years (59 to 82) at the time of surgery. All patients completed SF-36 questionnaires to determine the functional outcome at a mean follow-up of 72.4 months (24 to 188). All had radiographs and a CT scan within one week of surgery. The reduction was categorised as ‘anatomical’, ‘imperfect’, or ‘poor’. Radiographs classified 26 patients (58%) as anatomical,13 (29%) as imperfect and six (13%) as poor. The maximum displacement on CT showed none as anatomical, 23 (51%) as imperfect and 22 (49%) as poor, but this was not always at the weight-bearing dome. SF-36 scores showed functional outcomes comparable with those of the general elderly population, with no correlation with the radiological reduction. Perfect anatomical reduction is not necessary to attain a good functional outcome in acetabular fractures in the elderly.
The Relationship between Inpatient Fluoroquinolone Use and Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea
Authors: Novell Marilyn J , Morreale Carol A 
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND: Limited evidence suggests there may be a link between fluoroquinolone use and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), but such an association remains unclear due to conflicting data. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between inpatient fluoroquinolone use and CDAD; secondary objectives included the relationship between CDAD and fluoroquinolone selection, duration of therapy, and route of administration, as well as the association between fluoroquinolones and CDAD complications. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, case-control study of adult inpatients diagnosed with CDAD during the period of July 2007-July 2008. In total, 174 case patients were matched on a 1:1 basis with controls. A thorough assessment of all inpatient antibiotic use was conducted, including regimens administered at our institution within the previous 8 weeks. Odds ratios were calculated using univariate logistic-regression analysis. RESULTS: Use of fluoroquinolones was not significantly different between patients with CDAD and matching controls (OR 1.36; 95% CI 0.09 to 2.10; p = 0.16). No relationship was found between CDAD and the individual fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin (OR 1.36; 95% CI 0.87 to 2.12; p = 0.18), levofloxacin (OR 1.17; 95% CI 0.62 to 2.22; p = 0.63), and moxifloxacin (OR 1.34; 95% CI 0.81 to 2.20; p = 0.25). Fluoroquinolone route of administration did not differ significantly between groups for patients receiving intravenous (OR 1.20; 95% CI 0.74 to 1.94; p = 0.46) or oral (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.44 to 1.44; p = 0.45) therapy. Complications from CDAD were not significantly increased by fluoroquinolone use (OR 1.37; 95% CI 0.72 to 2.61; p = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS: Inpatient administration of fluoroquinolones was not associated with CDAD at our institution. Fluoroquinolone use in patients who developed CDAD was not related to higher incidences of CDAD-related complications.
Brain glutaminases
Authors: Márquez Javier , Martín-Rufián Mercedes , Segura Juan A. , Matés José M. , Campos-Sandoval José A. , Alonso Francisco J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGlutaminase is considered as the main glutamate producer enzyme in brain. Consequently, the enzyme is essential for both glutamatergic and gabaergic transmissions. Glutamine-derived glutamate and ammonia, the products of glutaminase reaction, fulfill crucial roles in energy metabolism and in the biosynthesis of basic metabolites, such as GABA, proteins and glutathione. However, glutamate and ammonia are also hazardous compounds and danger lurks in their generation beyond normal physiological thresholds; hence, glutaminase activity must be carefully regulated in the mammalian brain. The differential distribution and regulation of glutaminase are key factors to modulate the metabolism of glutamate and glutamine in brain. The discovery of novel isoenzymes, protein interacting partners and subcellular localizations indicate new functions for brain glutaminase. In this short review, we summarize recent findings that point consistently towards glutaminase as a multifaceted protein able to perform different tasks. Finally, we will highlight the involvement of glutaminase in pathological states and its consideration as a potential therapeutic target.
Die Praecepta Pachoms. Untersuchung zu dem größten Abschnitt der Pachom-Regeln
Authors: Joest Christoph 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT
There has been al long lasting debate among scholars about the origins of the Pachomian rules. It seems clear that especially the Praecepta underwent a development over a certain period of time, and some have argued that later generations added to them and that the rules represent a stage of organisation of the Pachomian Koinonia from a period long after Saint Pachomius' death. When we take a look at the structure of the Praecepta we can easily identify two sets of additions (Praecepta 108-119 and 129b-143), apart from them the order of the rules follows a clear and simple structure. If we look at the text we find that the so-called „small conclusions“ (de Clercq) give no hints whatsoever to a growing of the rules or to later additions. In fact, the writing style of the Praecepta is that of Pachomius and definitely not that of Horsiese or Theodoros (apart from Praecepta 8a). Even the above mentioned additions show this same style of writing, so we must conclude that they come from Pachomius himself no matter when they were added and who may have done it. The whole set of rules of the Praecepta represents a stage of development of the Koinonia that was reached at the end of Pachomius' life. Horsiese quotes some of them in his Liber and labels them as being issued by Pachomius or „the elders“. So there is no reason to doubt that the Praecepta one way or another stem from the great founder of cenobite monasticism: Saint Pachomius.
Madness, Philosophical or Mystical Experience? A Puzzling Text: Pseudo-Clementine Recognitiones II 61-69
Authors: Clivaz Claire 
Published: March 2010

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Die pseudo-klementinischen Recognitiones II 61-69 sind von modernen Kommen tatoren noch nicht ausreichend gründlich diskutiert worden. Die erwähnte Textpassage beschreibt einen beson deren Zeitpunkt in der Auseinandersetzung zwischen Petrus und Simon Magus, in dem der Apostel ein seltsames Erlebnis mit Simon teilt, das in der lateinischen Übersetzung Rufins mit folgender Formulierung beschrieben wird: extendere mentem („den Geist ausstrecken“). Dieser Ausdruck bedeutet offenbar, verschiedene Orte der Erde beobachten zu können, ohne den eigenen Aufenthaltsort physisch tatsächlich zu verlassen. Mit Blick auf die literarische Ebene hebt der vorliegende Artikel hervor, dass dieses Erlebnis von den verschiedenen Figuren entweder als Geisteskrankheit, als besondere Fähigkeit des Menschen oder aber als mystisches/philosophisches Erlebnis verstanden wird. Auf sozio-historischer Ebene zeigt der Artikel, dass Recognitiones II 61-69 die Frage nach der Wahrnehmung der Wirklichkeit in der Antike aufwirft, wie es auch in Ciceros Dialog Lucullus und in Iamblichus's De mysteriis Aegyptiorum beschrieben wird. Zum Schluss werden einige Hinweise hervorgehoben, die es ermöglichen, die Recognitiones in Anschluss an Chapman, Kelley oder Côté im syrischen Milieu des 4. Jahrhunderts zu verorten.
Education envisioned or The Miracle of Learning in Byzantium
Authors: Kalogeras Nikos 
Published: March 2010

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Verf. untersucht in hagiographischen Texten die literarische Strategie, Bildung und umfassendes Wissen auf visionäre, traumartige oder wunderhafte Erlebnisse zurückzuführen. Das kann sowohl die Verfasser von Heiligenviten betreffen (die ihre litera rischen Fähigkeiten somit auf den Heiligen Geist oder die heiligen Hauptpersonen ihrer Viten zurückführen) als auch die Heiligen, deren Leben erzählt wird, selbst. Neben dem wundersamen Erwerb von Sprachkenntnissen sind besonders überraschende Kenntnisse in jungem Alter verbreitete Topoi. Ein besonderes Beispiel stellt die Vita des Theodor von Edessa dar, in der für den siebenjährigen Theodor schwere Lernstörungen berichtet werden, die erst durch eine Vision und die Hinwendung zum asketisch-klerikalen Leben behoben werden.
Downstaging of hepatocellular carcinoma with radiofrequency ablation on the Hungarian liver transplantation waiting list — Early results and learned lessons
Authors: Hartmann E. , Németh A. , Juharosi Gy. , Lénárd Zs. , Deák P. Á. , Kozma V. , Nagy P. , Gerlei Zs. , Fehérvári I. , Nemes B. , Görög D. , Fazakas J. , Kóbori L. , Doros A. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma, which has developed in liver cirrhosis is a disease where liver transplantation can provide a cure both for the tumour and the underlying liver damage. However, patients can only be transplanted when the tumour number and size do not exceed the Milan criteria. Tumour ablation methods — such as radiofrequency ablation — can provide a chance to make the patient eligible for transplantation. Among the 416 Hungarian liver transplanted patients there are 6 who had received different types of ablative therapy as bridging therapy in different institutions. On the basis of analysis of the patients' data we created a guideline for the treatment of cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with the aim of developing a uniform Hungarian approach.
The iQ200 Microscopic Analyzer is valuable tool for evaluation of urinary sediment at transplanted patients
Authors: Sarvary Eniko , Lee D. , Varadi J. , Varga M. , Gaal I. , Chmel R. , Beko G. , Kanyo Z. , Nemes B. , Gerlei Zs. , Fazakas J. , Kobori L. , Herold Zs. , Németh S. , Galoczi I. , Jaray J. , Langer R. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The value of urinary cytology in the diagnosis of different pathological conditions in renal transplantation is particularly important. Manual microscopic urinalysis is a high-volume procedure that currently requires significant labour.

Objective: To automate the sediment evaluation and to make this more accurate using the Iris Diagnostics Automated Urine Microscopy Analyzer (iQ200). Our goal was to compare the manual and automated microscopic data to apply iQ200 in renal function monitoring.

Method: The iQ200 uses digital imaging and Auto Analyte Recognition software to classify urine constituents into 12 analyte categories and quantitatively report.

Results: We determined cut-off values of urine particles in every category, which correlated well with manual microscopic results. The iQ200 was more sensitive for pathological casts than manual microscopic analysis. iQ200 helped the operator to differentiate between isomorphic and dismorphic erythrocytes and between lymphocytes and granulocytes, too. Every pathological constituent could be recognized, which is very important for early recognition of renal impairment, graft rejection and urinary tract infection.

Conclusions: The iQ200 system automatically classifies 12 particles, significantly reducing the need for additional sample preparation, manual microscopic review achieving a high degree of standardization in urinalysis.
De novo malignant melanoma occurred in renal allograft: DNA typing to determine the origin of the tumour
Authors: Nemes Balázs , Toronyi É. , Rajczy K. , Szakos A. , Somlai B. , Doros A. , Chmel R. , Derner F. , Kóbori L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMalignant diseases are considered as great challenges in clinical transplantation. It is well known that the incidence of malignancy is higher in the transplanted population if compared with the normal population. It is important to distinguish between neoplastic diseases originating from pre-existing lesions in the transplanted organs and de novo graft tumours. Post-transplant malignancy of donor origin is a rare complication of organ transplantation, most likely transmitted as micrometastases within the parenchyma of the donor organ or from circulating tumour cells contained within the organ. Malignant melanoma, although its incidence is rather low, is one of the most common donor-derived tumour inadvertently transplanted, comprising 28% of donor transmitted tumours. Malignant melanoma in the graft without dermatological localisation is extremely rare. We report a case of de novo melanoma occurring in the allograft, where transmission from the donor was excluded by DNA (desoxyribonucleic acid) investigation. We did not find any data in the literature where a malignant melanoma occurred after transplantation in the transplanted kidney without any skin lesions and the donor origin was excluded. We draw attention to the importance of the DNA typing in case of tumours occurring in immunosuppressed patients.