bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Pharmacists Know Which Patients with Bowel Symptoms Should Seek Further Medical Advice? A Survey of Pharmacists Practicing in Community Pharmacy in Western Australia
Authors: Jiwa Moyez , Spilsbury Katrina , Duke Janine 
Published: April 2010

BACKGROUND: Pharmacists in Australia are routinely asked to advise people with lower bowel symptoms. Clinical, demographic, and working environment parameters may affect whether appropriate referral for advanced care is advised by pharmacists. OBJECTIVE: To characterize how selected clinical, demographic, and working environment variables affect the likelihood of a pharmacist providing a referral for patients with lower bowel symptoms to consult a general practitioner, and to investigate factors associated with agreement with an expert panel and colorectal cancer guidelines. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to a random sample of 300 pharmacists in Western Australia. Vignettes were constructed around 6 clinical variables and pharmacists were asked to describe a referral pathway. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with odds of referral and agreement with an expert panel. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-seven completed surveys were returned, giving a response rate of 56%. The odds of referral to a general practitioner were mostly associated with presenting symptoms, although lower odds of referral were observed with increasing volumes of weekly prescriptions. The odds of pharmacists agreeing with the expert panel for an urgent referral were 70% (95% CI 50 to 80) lower for weight loss as the presenting symptom compared to rectal bleeding. The expert panel considered weight loss or rectal bleeding of 4 weeks' duration as meriting an urgent referral, but 63% and 30% of pharmacists, respectively, disagreed. In contrast to cancer guidelines, over 60% of respondents did not consider persistent diarrhea in a 65-year-old patient as a likely symptom of significant bowel pathology. CONCLUSIONS: In general, pharmacists' patterns of referral were influenced by clinical symptoms and not by demographic or working environment variables. They over-referred patients with diarrhea but under-referred those with weight loss and rectal bleeding, according to the expert panel. This is a cause for concern because any unexplained rectal bleeding should be referred for further investigation.
A novel homozygous splice acceptor site mutation of KISS1R in two siblings with normosmic isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Teles M G , Trarbach E B , Noel S D , Guerra-Junior G , Jorge A , Beneduzzi D , Bianco S D , Mukherjee A , Baptista M T , Costa E M , De Castro M , Mendonça B B , Kaiser U B , Latronico A C 
Published: April 2010

ContextLoss-of-function mutations of the kisspeptin-1 receptor gene, KISS1R, have been identified in patients with normosmic isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH).ObjectiveTo investigate KISS1R defects in patients with absent or delayed puberty.PatientsWe investigated KISS1R gene defects in a cohort of 99 Brazilian patients with nIHH or constitutional delay of puberty (CDP).MethodsThe entire coding region of KISS1R was amplified by PCR followed by automatic sequencing. In addition, screening for KISS1R exonic deletions was performed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification.ResultsOne novel homozygous KISS1R mutation was identified in two siblings with nIHH. This variant was an insertion/deletion (indel) mutation characterized by the deletion of three nucleotides (GCA) at position −2 to −4, and by the insertion of seven nucleotides (ACCGGCT) at the same position, within the 3′ splice acceptor site of intron 2 of KISS1R. The brothers who carried this KISS1R mutation had no clinical evidence of pubertal development at the ages of 14 and 20 years. Computational analysis of this indel mutation predicted the generation of an abnormal protein. In addition, a new heterozygous KISS1R variant (p.E252Q) was identified in a male patient with sporadic nIHH. However, in vitro studies of this variant did not demonstrate functional impairment. Only known polymorphisms were identified in patients with CDP.ConclusionLoss-of-function mutations of KISS1R represents a rare cause of nIHH, and was absent in patients with CDP. We have described a novel KISS1R homozygous splice acceptor site mutation in the familial form of nIHH.
Ethical Questions in Forensic Linguistics: Introduction to Papers from a Linguistic Society of America Panel Presentation, San Francisco, California, January 9, 2009
Authors: Shuy Roger 
Published: April 2010

With seemingly greater frequency, linguists today are working as consultants in “forensic” linguistics, employed by attorneys to prepare reports and testimony based on their linguistic research. Their work is generally beneficial to the side (litigant; prosecutor or defender) that employs them. Linguistic research that is conducted for purposes other than academic publishing raises a number of serious ethical issues. This introduction addresses a number of ethical questions within the framework of forensic linguistics. 1. To what extent should a scholar disclose the relationship between forensic linguistic case-driven research and later scholarly publication? 2. What are the implications of the adversarial nature of legal proceedings vis-à-vis (a) the scholar's supposed devotion to "truth" and (b) the legal requirement of telling not only the truth and nothing but the truth, but also the whole truth. 3. What are the appropriate scholarly credentials for forensic linguistic consulting? To what extent can proper credentialing be enforced? By what authority? 4. Should organizations such as the Linguistic Society of America and the International Association of Forensic Linguists take an official position on any of these issues? 5. What does an attorney expect of a linguistic expert? What sort of training would the legal profession find especially helpful?
Gingival Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of a Minor Salivary Gland
Authors: Seoane Juan , Varela‐Centelles Pablo , López‐Niño Javier , Vázquez Inés , Abdulkader Ihab , García‐Caballero Tomás 
Published: April 2010

Background: A 47‐year‐old male non‐smoker with a history of psoriasis sought a consultation because of a painless, hard‐on‐palpation, 1‐cm exophytic lesion with a smooth and speckled surface located on the hard palate adjacent to tooth #12. The radiologic examination revealed no bone destruction. The lesion was clinically diagnosed as a fibrous hyperplasia or chronic pyogenic granuloma.Methods: The lesion was surgically removed, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 24 hours, and, following common practice, embedded in paraffin. Sections, 4 μm thick, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid‐Schiff, and alcian blue, pH 2.5. An immunohistochemical study was also performed.Results: A definitive diagnosis of a mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC), a very rare, high‐grade malignancy tumor that more frequently appears in the elderly, was made. With the definitive diagnosis of an MAC of the palate, the upper‐left premolars were extracted using a box osteotomy, and the surgical wound was reconstructed with a Bichat fat‐pad flap. After a 6‐month follow‐up, no recurrence or cervical metastases were identified.Conclusions: An MAC of a minor salivary gland may arise as a gingival exophytic lesion with a clinical appearance similar to a pyogenic granuloma. The existence of a light speckled pattern on the surface of the lesion indicates that an incisional biopsy is needed before surgical treatment to make possible a definitive diagnosis. To avoid delays in diagnosis and erroneous clinical approaches to exophytic gingival lesions, periodontists and practitioners should routinely perform a pathologic analysis to confirm the diagnosis when dealing with these kinds of lesions.
Effect of Smoking on Early Bone Healing Around Oxidized Surfaces: A Prospective, Controlled Study in Human Jaws
Authors: Shibli Jamil Awad , Piattelli Adriano , Iezzi Giovanna , Cardoso Luciana Ap. , Onuma Tatiana , de Carvalho Paulo Sérgio Perri , Susana d'Avila , Ferrari Daniel S. , Mangano Carlo , Zenóbio Elton Gonçalves 
Published: April 2010

Background:This prospective and controlled histologic study evaluates the impact of smoking on bone‐to‐implant contact, the bone density in the threaded area, and the bone density outside the threaded area around microimplants with anodized surface retrieved from human jaws.Methods:A total of 24 subjects (mean age 51.32 ± 7.5 years) were divided in two groups: smokers (n = 13 subjects) and non‐smokers (n = 11 subjects). Each subject received one microimplant with oxidized surface during conventional mandible or maxilla implant surgery. After 8 weeks, the microimplants and the surrounding tissue were removed and prepared for histomorphometric analysis.Results:Three microimplants placed in smokers showed no osseointegration. The newly formed bone showed early stages of maturation, mainly in the non‐smokers. Marginal bone loss, gap, and fibrous tissue were present around implants retrieved from smokers. Histometric evaluation indicated that the mean bone‐to‐implant contact ranged between 25.97% ± 9.02% and 40.01% ± 12.98% for smokers and non‐smokers, respectively (P<0.001). Smokers presented 28.17% ± 10.32% of bone density in the threaded area, whereas non‐smokers showed 46.34% ± 19.12%. The mean of bone density outside the threaded area ranged between 18.76% and 25.11% for smokers and non‐smokers, respectively (P>0.05).Conclusion:The present data obtained in human subjects confirm that smoking has a detrimental effect on early bone tissue response around oxidized implant surfaces.
Comparison of Clinical Efficacy of a Dentifrice Containing Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate to a Dentifrice Containing Potassium Nitrate and to a Placebo on Dentinal Hypersensitivity: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pradeep AR , Sharma Anuj 
Published: April 2010

Background: A considerable number of agents are effective in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. This 6‐week randomized clinical trial compares a dentifrice containing calcium sodium phosphosilicate to potassium nitrate and to a placebo.Methods: A total of 110 subjects (58 males and 52 females; aged 20 to 60 years) were entered into the study. The volunteers selected at baseline had a history of dentin hypersensitivity caused by gingival recession or cervical erosion. Patients were required to have at least two teeth with a visual analog scale score of ≥4 to be included in the study. After sensitivity scores for controlled air stimulus (evaporative stimulus) and cold water (thermal stimulus) at baseline were recorded, subjects were given toothpastes randomly, and sensitivity scores were measured again at 2‐ and 6‐week follow‐ups.Results: All three groups showed reduction in sensitivity scores at 2 weeks and 6 weeks for air stimulus and cold water. The calcium sodium phosphosilicate group, however, was found to be significantly better in reducing the visual analog scale score compared to the potassium nitrate group and the placebo group at any time point for both measures of sensitivity.Conclusion: Under the conditions of a clinical trial, the calcium sodium phosphosilicate group showed comparable reduction in the symptoms of dentin hypersensitivity.
Effect of Intermittent Versus Continuous Parathyroid Hormone in the Cardiovascular System of Rats
Authors: Smajilovic Sanela , Schaal-Jensen Rasmus , Jabbari Reza , Smajilovic Una , Haunso Stig , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob 
Published: April 2010

Objective:
PTH increases ionic calcium concentration in the serum, acting primarily on bone and kidney cells through the type 1 PTH receptor. Interestingly, PTH stimulates bone formation when administrated intermittently but causes severe bone loss with continuous administration. Daily injections of PTH are used as the most promising anabolic agent in the treatment of severe osteoporosis. Elevated PTH is reported an independent risk factor for left ventricle hypertrophy.

Design:
in rats we investigated the effect of intermittent and continuous administration of PTH on blood pressure, heart rate and development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.

Results:
We did not find PTH to induce heart hypertrophy. In contrast, continuous administration of PTH the mRNA level of a hypertrophic marker gene, atrial natriuretic peptide. When comparing the effect of continuously versus injected PTH collagen 1 mRNA was significantly higher in continuously treated animals.

Conclusion:
our data demonstrated a decrease in heart rate upon continuous administration of PTH in rats. No changes in blood pressure were observed. Moreover, neither intermittent nor continuous administration of PTH induced ventricular hypertrophy. But continuous PTH induced a marker of collagen 1. Thus, these data did not reveal any negative effects of the injection of PTH on the cardiovascular system.
A Cournot Experiment with Managers and Students: Evidence from Germany and Malaysia
Authors: Waichman Israel , Requate Till , Siang Ch'ng Kean 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We report results from a Cournot triopoly experiment conducted with different subject pools: German students, Malaysian students, and Malaysian managers. We find that Malaysian students perform significantly more competitively than both Malaysian managers and German students. Moreover, the Nash equilibrium point quite accurately describes the behavior of German students and Malaysian managers but not of Malaysian students, even though the quantities selected by Malaysian students are closer to the Nash equilibrium than to the collusive or competitive quantities.
Transactions Costs in Charitable Giving: Evidence from Two Field Experiments
Authors: Huck Steffen , Rasul Imran 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
In large-scale fundraising campaigns based on direct mailings, typically less than 5% of individuals donate to the charitable cause. We present evidence from two field experiments designed to measure the existence of transaction costs that inhibit charitable giving in such fundraising campaigns, and shed light on the nature of such transaction costs. The experiments are designed in conjunction with the Bavarian State Opera House. The first mail-out experiment was implemented over two stages using a within-subject design. We develop a theoretical framework that makes precise the identifying assumptions under which we can exploit this two-stage design to measure the following structural parameters among potential donors: (i) the share of donors who would make a strictly positive donation in the complete absence of transaction costs and (ii) the probability that a potential donor has sufficiently low transactions costs to make a strictly positive donation. Our results imply response rates to mail-out solicitations would almost double in the complete absence of transaction costs. The second field experiment provides more evidence on the nature of transaction costs. We distinguish between ex ante transaction costs, which prevent the choice problem from being considered and ex post transaction costs, which prevent choices being implemented. We find that the likelihood of a donation being made increases by 26% in response to even a small reduction in ex post transaction costs.
Synthesis, characterization and antitumor activity of Cu(II), Co(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) complex compounds with aminothiazole acetate derivative
Authors: Alexandru Maria-Gabriela , Velickovic Tanja , Jitaru Ioana , Grguric-Sipka Sanja , Draghici Constantin 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This paper presents the synthesis of complex compounds of type [M(L1)2], where M(II)= Cu (1), Co (2), Zn (3), L1=2-aminothiazole-4-acetate and [Mn(L1)2(H2O)] (4) using ethyl 2-(2-aminothiazole-4-yl) acetate (L), and characterization by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibilities, IR, 1H-NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and for [Mn(L1)2(H2O)] also by X-ray diffraction. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were performed on human cervix adenocarcinoma, HeLa cells. The antitumor selectivity was assessed using normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMC as control.
Infuence of MHC on odour perception of 43 chemicals and body odour
Authors: Janeš Damjan , Klun Irena , Vidan-Jeras Blanka , Jeras Matjaž , Kreft Samo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a large gene family that is found in most vertebrates and has an important influence on body odour preference and mate selection in animals. In this research we found, that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotype is strongly connected with the strength and pleasantness of perceived odour of selected chemical compounds found in sweat. Among different chemical classes of compounds tested, the esters of fatty acids such as methyl undecanoate, methyl decanoate, methyl nonanoate, methyl octanoate and methyl hexanoate show strongest connection to HLA. On the other hand, our experiment did not confirm the connection of MHC to the perceived strength and pleasantness of body odour.
Pod Yield Response of Two Runner Peanut Cultivars to Seeding Rate and Irrigation1
Authors: Tewolde H. , Black M. C. , Fernandez C. J. , Schubert A. M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Yield responses of two runner peanut cultivars, GK-7 and Southern Runner (SR), to reduced seeding rates and irrigation were evaluated in 1992 and 1993. The cultivars were planted in single rows per bed at 8,12, and 22 seed/m2 with a vacuum precision planter and irrigated with a line source irrigation system that delivered irrigation ranging from none to more than an apparent optimum. Total rainfall between planting and digging was 261 mm in 1992 and 338 mm in 1993. Most of the rainfall occurred early with substantial runoff. GK-7 produced as much as 5400 kg/ha pods and SR produced as much as 4600 kg/ha when irrigation was not limiting in 1992. Yields were lower in 1993. There was no significant yield reduction due to reduced seeding rate for either cultivar at any irrigation level. Generally, a reduced seeding rate resulted in slightly higher pod yields. For GK-7, 8 seed/ m2 outyielded 22 seed/m2 by a maximum of 1129 kg/ha with 673-mm irrigation in 1992 and by 676 kg/ha with 587-mm irrigation in 1993. Pod yield and water use efficiency (WUE) increased with irrigation up to a total of 535 mm in 1992 and 406 mm in 1993. Pod yield increased only slightly and WUE decreased with additional irrigation. No yield or grade advantage of low seeding rate with below-optimum irrigation was evident for either cultivar. When conditions were favorable for plant growth and sufficient time was available for lateformed pods to reach full maturity, plants of these runner cultivars compensated for low plant populations. Planting these and similar varieties at the traditionally high rates may, therefore, not be necessary for optimum pod yield when the growing conditions are similar to those of this study.
Influence of Flumioxazin Rate and Herbicide Combinations on Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Grey T. L. , Bridges D. C. , Eastin E. F. , MacDonald G. E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Field studies were conducted during 1997 and 1998 at three different locations in Georgia to determine peanut and weed response to pendimethalin at 1.1 kg ai/ha applied preplantincorporated (PPI) followed by flumioxazin at 71, 87, and 105 g ai/ha applied preemergence (PRE). Other residual treatments combinations with pendimethalin PPI included flumioxazin mixed with metolachlor or dimethenamid PRE, diclosulam PRE, norflurazon PRE, and imazapic applied postemergence (POST). Herbicide combinations that included flumioxazin controlled Florida beggarweed, tropic croton, and small flower morningglory at least 78% or greater. Late season Florida beggarweed control was 90% or greater with pendimethalin PPI plus flumioxazin at 87 to 105 g/ha applied PRE. Pendimethalin plus flumioxazin did not control sicklepod or yellow nutsedge. Smallflower morningglory control with all herbicide treatments was 90% or greater. Entireleaf morningglory control (when used in combination with pendimethalin PPI) increased from 80% with flumioxazin at 105 g/ha to 90% for flumioxazin in combination with metolachlor. Yields were similar for flumioxazin, norflurazon, imazapic, and diclosulam treated peanut.
Technique to Screen Peanuts for Resistance to the Tobacco Armyworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Under No-Choice Cage Conditions
Authors: Sharma H. C. , Pampapathy G. , Kumar R. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Peanut is an important oilseed crop in the semi-arid tropics. It is damaged by several insect species, of which tobacco armyworm, Spodoptera litura F., is one of the most damaging pests in South and Southeast Asia. Because of uncertainty of S. litura infestations under field conditions, we standardized a no-choice cage technique to screen germplasm and breeding material for resistance to this insect. The test plants were infested with different densities of first- and third-instar larvae at 15 d after seedling emergence. Maximum differences in leaf damage rating and percentage loss in plant biomass at 7 d after infestation between JL 24 and ICGV 86031 were observed when the plants were infested with 10 first-instar larvae per plant. When the plants were infested with third-instar larvae, damage evaluation at 48 hr after infestation showed the maximum differences between JL 24 and ICGV 86031. Larval weight was significantly lower on ICGV 86031 as compared to JL 24 at 10,15, and 20 larvae per plant. At 10 larvae per plant, ICGV 86031, GP-NC 343, and TMV 2 suffered less damage than JL 24. Larval weights in general were lower on FDRS 10 (except at 20 larvae per plant) and ICGV 86031 than on JL 24. Leaf damage rating was significantly and positively correlated with larval weight and loss in plant biomass. Fifteen-d-old peanut seedlings infested with 10 first- or third-instar larvae can be used to evaluate peanut germplasm and segregating breeding material for resistance to leaf defoliators such as S. litura.
Evaluation of Screening Procedures to Identify Peanut Resistance to Peanut Bud Necrosis Virus (PBNV)
Authors: Pensuk V. , Daengpluang N. , Wongkaew S. , Jogloy S. , Patanothai A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Six peanut genotypes (ICGV 86388, IC 34, IC 10, JL 24, Khon Kaen 60-1, and Khon Kaen 4) were evaluated for reaction to peanut bud necrosis virus (PBNV) in the field and in the greenhouse in Thailand in 2000 and 2001. The objectives of this study were to (a) investigate if disease score or the area under the disease progress curve (ADPC) would be effective in identifying peanut genotypes resistant to PBNV, (b) determine the appropriate time for assessing PBNV resistance under field conditions by means of disease incidence, and (c) identify peanut genotypes having stable resistance to PBNV by considering their responses to mechanical inoculation and field infection. Results from natural infection by PBNV indicated that differences among the genotypes could be observed by 40 d, but not 30 d after sowing (DAS). Genotypes ICGV 86388, IC 34, and IC 10 had lower field disease incidence than JL 24, Khon Kaen 60-1, and Khon Kaen 4. The proportion of treatment mean square for disease incidence was highest at 50 or 60 DAS depending on the trial, indicating that assessment of disease incidence at these dates could best differentiate the reaction of these genotypes to PBNV. ADPC was an alternative to disease incidence for comparing genotypes affected by PBND in the field, as resistant and susceptible genotypes were readily identified. Mostly, a scoring based on disease severity did not facilitate identifying PBNV resistance in the genotypes used in this study. Greenhouse tests yielded similar results to field disease incidences, indicating the usefulness of greenhouse tests in identifying PBNV resistance. Genotypes ICGV 86388, IC 34, and IC 10 were identified as potential resistant sources for breeding for resistance to PBNV.