bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel compound PTIQ protects the nigral dopaminergic neurones in an animal model of Parkinson's disease induced by MPTP
Authors: Son Hyo Jin , Lee Ji Ae , Shin Nari , Choi Ji Hyun , Seo Jai Woong , Chi Dae Yoon , Lee Cheol Soon , Kim Eun‐Mee , Choe Han , Hwang Onyou 
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In Parkinson's disease, the dopaminergic neurones in the substantia nigra undergo degeneration. While the exact mechanism for the degeneration is not completely understood, neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation are thought to be key contributors. We have recently established that MMP‐3 plays crucial roles in dopaminergic cell death and microglial activation.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We tested the effects of 7‐hydroxy‐6‐methoxy‐2‐propionyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (PTIQ) on expression of MMP‐3 and inflammatory molecules and dopaminergic cell death in vitro and in an animal model of Parkinson's disease, and Parkinson's disease‐related motor deficits. The pharmacokinetic profile of PTIQ was also evaluated.KEY RESULTS PTIQ effectively suppressed the production of MMP‐3 induced in response to cellular stress in the dopaminergic CATH.a cell line and prevented the resulting cell death. In BV‐2 microglial cells activated with lipopolysaccharide, PTIQ down‐regulated expression of MMP‐3 along with IL‐1β, TNF‐α and cyclooxygenase‐2 and blocked nuclear translocation of NF‐κB. In the mouse model of Parkinson's disease ,induced by 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), PTIQ attenuated the associated motor deficits, prevented neurodegeneration and suppressed microglial activation in the substantia nigra. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed it was relatively stable against liver microsomal enzymes, did not inhibit the cytochrome p450 isozymes or the hERG ion channel, exhibited no cytotoxicity on liver cells or lethality when administered at 1000 mg kg−1 and entered the brain rather rapidly yielding a 28% brain:plasma ratio after i.p. injection.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest PTIQ has potential as a candidate drug for disease‐modifying therapy for Parkinson's disease.
Tri‐Leaflet Valve Design With a Purge Flow for Heart‐Assist Devices: An In Vitro Optimization Study
Authors: Timmel Tobias , Seshadri Santhosh , Goubergrits Leonid , Affeld Klaus , Kertzscher Ulrich 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe objective of this study is to assess the effect of a purge flow on valves of pulsatile heart‐assist devices. Clinical applications of these devices are still limited because of frequent thromboembolic complications. These complications often originate at the valves and the unavoidable flow separation regions that are found behind the leaflets. The flow separations cause a long residence time of blood that is considered particularly detrimental. To solve this problem, a valve with a purge flow is proposed. A purge flow is a jet, which is separated from the main blood flow and directed behind the leaflets into the sinus to flush it. Even though the purge flow does not prevent a flow separation, it shortens the residence time of the blood in the sinus. Thus, the purge flow improves the periodic washout of the blood in the region of flow separation. The complex purge flow was investigated in a tri‐leaflet valve. The geometrical parameters of the valve were varied systematically. A statistical technique—the Taguchi method—was used to reduce the number of investigated models to 12. The flows through the resulting valve models were numerically simulated and analyzed. The evaluated models with the best results were subsequently investigated experimentally using different methods: hemodynamic tests in a valve tester and flow visualization using the dye washout method. It was shown that the purge flow can effectively wash out the sinus. Therefore, the purge flow valve reduces the potential of a thrombus formation normally associated with the valve.
Stability of Therapeutic Albumin Solutions Used for Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System‐Based Liver Dialysis
Authors: De Bruyn Tom , Meijers Björn , Evenepoel Pieter , Laub Ruth , Willems Ludo , Augustijns Patrick , Annaert Pieter 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMounting evidence suggests beneficial effects of albumin dialysis‐based liver support in patients suffering from acute‐on‐chronic liver failure. Molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) is a nonbiological liver support device, based on the exchange of albumin‐bound toxins between the patient's blood and a 20% human serum albumin solution in a secondary circuit. Bound toxins are continuously removed from the circulating albumin by exposure to activated charcoal and an ion‐exchange resin. The aim of the present in vitro study was to determine the impact of exposure to charcoal and resin on the ligand binding properties of albumins, containing various levels of stabilizers and obtained from different suppliers (Baxter, CAF‐DCF [Red Cross], and Sigma‐Aldrich). Albumin binding properties were assessed by measuring equilibrium binding properties of warfarin, diazepam, and salicylate before and after incubation (for up to 7 h) with adsorbing materials; albumin‐associated esterase‐like activities were also determined. Notable changes in albumin binding upon incubation with adsorbing materials were only observed when using warfarin as a ligand. Affinity of warfarin for the Baxter and Sigma albumins showed a pronounced decrease (higher Kd) after the 1–7‐h exposure to charcoal or resin. In the absence of adsorbing materials, similar effects were found, indicating that incubation time per se affects albumin binding properties. Following exposure to resin, Baxter albumin binding capacity (Bmax) increased about twofold. For albumin obtained from CAF‐DCF, binding affinity and capacity for warfarin were constant under all conditions tested. Esterase‐like activities associated with these albumins were either maintained or enhanced (up to 2.5‐fold in case of Sigma albumin) following 7‐h incubations with adsorbing materials. Our data suggest limited direct influence of the presence of stabilizers in therapeutic albumin solutions on baseline binding properties of human albumin. However, in vitro incubations of these albumins for several hours resulted in supplier‐specific changes in warfarin binding, suggesting an influence of stabilizers on the stability of binding properties. Further preclinical and clinical studies are required to elucidate the clinical relevance of these in vitro results, that is, to what extent these changes in albumin binding properties result in altered performance of albumins in the secondary circuit during the MARS procedure.
Modified Ear Canal Ablation and Lateral Bulla Osteotomy for Management of Otitis Media in an Alpaca
Authors: Sumner Julia P. , Mueller Tami , Clapp Kemba S. , Darien Benjamin J. , Forrest Lisa J. , Colopy Sara A. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo report surgical treatment of severe otitis media in an alpaca by a modification of a subtotal ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy technique used in dogs.Study DesignCase report.AnimalsAn 11‐week‐old female alpaca cria.MethodsThe cria had a 2‐week history of right otitis media, nonresponsive to medical treatment, as well as right facial nerve paralysis, and a melting corneal ulcer of the right eye. Otitis media was confirmed by computed tomography. Right subtotal ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy were performed using a modification of a technique reported in dogs.ResultsThere were no surgical complications and the alpaca was discharged from the hospital 5 days later. At 10 months, moderate motor function had been restored to the pinna with the ear standing partially erect. The otitis had resolved, and the alpaca was reportedly well integrated into the herd.ConclusionSubtotal ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy, a technique modified from that performed in dogs, were successful in providing complete clinical resolution of otitis media in an alpaca.
Storage time of blood products and transfusion‐related acute lung injury
Authors: Middelburg Rutger A. , Borkent Barbara , Jansen Mart , van de Watering Leo M.G. , Wiersum‐Osselton Johanna C. , Schipperus Martin R. , Beckers Erik A.M. , Briët Ernest , van der Bom Johanna G. 
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND: Besides white blood cell antibodies in plasma‐rich products, another cause of transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) could be release of biologically active substances during storage of cellular blood products. We aimed to investigate the association of storage time and risk of TRALI for different product types.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We compared storage time of blood products transfused within 6 hours before the onset of TRALI to storage time of a representative sample of all blood products transfused in the Netherlands. Generalized linear models were used to correct for confounding variables.RESULTS: Platelets (PLTs) in plasma transfused to TRALI patients were stored for 0.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.073 to 1.3) days longer than those transfused to controls. The relative risk of TRALI, after receiving PLTs stored for 4 or 5 days, compared to 3 days or less, was 5.8 (95% CI, 0.99 to 110) and increased to 6.3 (95% CI, 1.1 to 118) after more than 5 days (i.e., 6 or 7 days).CONCLUSIONS: While longer storage of buffy coat–derived PLTs was associated with an increased risk of TRALI, storage of plasma for up to 2 years and red blood cells for up to 35 days was not associated with the risk of TRALI.
Mechanistic Heterogeneity of Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia in Adults
Authors: LIU CHRISTOPHER F. , IP JAMES E. , LIN ANDY C. , LERMAN BRUCE B. 
Published: September 2011

Spontaneous junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) in adults is rare, and the electrophysiologic mechanism has not been definitively established. Two patients who presented with JET, not associated with cardiac surgery, were evaluated and studied in the electrophysiology laboratory, and electrophysiologic and pharmacologic maneuvers were performed to assess the mechanisms of tachycardia. The junctional tachycardia in Patient 1 manifested characteristics consistent with a triggered mechanism, and was sensitive to adenosine. The junctional tachycardia in Patient 2 manifested characteristics consistent with abnormal automaticity, and was insensitive to adenosine. This is a rare clinical example of abnormal automaticity. These two cases demonstrate that JET may be due to multiple mechanisms, with data consistent with triggered activity and abnormal automaticity.(PACE 2013; 36:e7–e10)
The Management of Patients on Oral Anticoagulation Undergoing Coronary Stent Implantation: A Survey among Interventional Cardiologists from Eight European Countries
Authors: RUBBOLI ANDREA , DEWILDE WILLEM , HUBER KURT , EECKHOUT ERIC , HERZFELD ISTVÀN , VALENCIA JOSÈ , WINDECKER STEPHAN , AIRAKSINEN K. E. JUHANI , LIP GREGORY Y. H. 
Published: September 2011

Purpose:
To evaluate the current management, and adherence to recommendations, of patients on oral anticoagulation (OAC) undergoing coronary stent implantation (PCI‐S).
Methods:
By means of a contact person who had been previously identified in 8 European countries, a questionnaire was electronically forwarded between April and July 2010 to the national institutions where PCI‐S is performed.
Results:
A total of  202 questionnaires (median response rate: 50%, range 33–78%) was received. The prevalence of OAC patients among those undergoing PCI‐S is mostly reported 5–10% (97%). The peri‐procedural pharmacological management mostly encompasses: preprocedural OAC interruption and bridging with low‐molecular‐weight heparin (59%), intraprocedural administration of an unfractionated heparin bolus (81%), and use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors on an individual basis (79%). The radial approach is reported as the preferred option (58%), as well as the implantation of bare metal stents (76%). Triple therapy (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel) is the most frequently prescribed (80%), generally for 1 month after bare metal stent (77%) and for at least 12 months after drug‐eluting stent (60%). Throughout triple therapy, the International Normalized Ratio is mostly targeted to the lower end of the therapeutic range (77%), and gastric protection is routinely prescribed (69%), mostly by giving proton‐pump inhibitors (70%).
Conclusions:
Among the 202 interventional cardiologists from the 8 European countries interviewed, the management of patients on OAC undergoing PCI‐S appears variable and only partially adherent to currently available recommendations. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:163–169)
Direct Measurement of Surface Energy of CeO2 by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Hayun Shmuel , Ushakov Sergey V. , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: September 2011

Surface energy of cerium oxide was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Nanocrystalline CeO2 samples were synthesized by a nonaqueous sol–gel method and their surface and interfacial areas were determined from nitrogen adsorption, X‐ray diffraction, and electron microscopy measurements. Three samples were repeatedly heated in a differential scanning calorimeter and the excess enthalpy was obtained from the difference in DSC traces between first heating, during which coarsening occurred, and second heating. Surface enthalpy was calculated from excess enthalpy and from changes in surface and interfacial areas. The measured surface enthalpy for CeO2, 1.2 ± 0.2 J/m2, is consistent with values from oxide melt solution calorimetry on samples with different surface areas. This is the first successful measurement of surface energy using scanning calorimetry.
Personality, fear of childbirth and cesarean delivery on demand
Authors: HANDELZALTS JONATHAN E. , FISHER SHIMRIT , LURIE SAMUEL , SHALEV AMIR , GOLAN ABRAHAM , SADAN OSCAR 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectives. To investigate both the psychological traits and the demographic factors associated with cesarean section on maternal demand. Design. Cross‐sectional questionnaire study. Setting. Delivery ward, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel. Sample. Fifty‐nine healthy primigravida with a singleton pregnancy were recruited during 2009, of whom 28 requested and were delivered by cesarean section without obstetrical indication, whereas 31 opted for spontaneous vaginal delivery. Methods. All questionnaires were administered to the two groups at term. Various psychological (fear of childbirth questionnaire, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, State‐Trait Anxiety Index and social support scale) as well as demographic variables were measured before labor and compared. A priori power calculation yielded a power of 95%. Main Outcome Measures. Fear of childbirth, various personality disorders and psychiatric clinical syndromes (29 Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III scales), Anxiety Sensitivity, State Anxiety Index, social support and demographic variables. Results. Differences in age and method of conceiving (p<0.001) were found between the groups. The study group reported a higher level of fear of childbirth (p<0.001), but no differences were found in all other personality characteristics measured (29 Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III scales, State‐Trait Anxiety, Anxiety Sensitivity and social support scale). The origin of the difference regarding the fear of childbirth was located to two specific questions: ‘Have you always been afraid of giving birth?’ and ‘Have you sometimes thought of the delivery as something unnatural?’ Conclusions. The only psychological variable associated with the choice for cesarean section on maternal request was the fear of childbirth.
Prospective risk of fetal death in uncomplicated monochorionic twins
Authors: FARAH NADINE , HOGAN JENNIFER , JOHNSON SUCHETA , STUART BERNARD , DALY SEAN 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA retrospective cohort study was carried out in a university teaching hospital to determine the prospective risk of unexpected fetal death in uncomplicated monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies after viability. All MCDA twins delivered at or after 24 weeks’ gestation from July 1999 to July 2007 were included. Pregnancies with twin–twin transfusion syndrome, growth restriction, structural abnormalities, or twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence were excluded. Of the 144 MCDA twin pregnancies included in our analysis, the risk of intrauterine death was 4.9%. The prospective risk of unexpected intrauterine death was 1 in 43 after 32 weeks’ gestation and 1 in 37 after 34 weeks’ gestation. Our results demonstrate that despite close surveillance, the unexpected intrauterine death rate in uncomplicated MCDA twin pregnancies is high. This rate seems to increase after 34 weeks’ gestation, suggesting that a policy of elective preterm delivery warrants evaluation.
Immunohistochemical analysis of matrix metalloproteinase‐9, vascular endothelial growth factor, bone sialoprotein and i‐nitric oxide synthase in calvaria vs. iliac crest bone grafts
Authors: Tetè Stefano , Zara Susi , Zizzari Vincenzo Luca , De Carlo Alessandro , Vinci Raffaele , Cataldi Amelia , Gherlone Enrico 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate, in parallel to clinical and histological modifications, the expression of specific proteins involved in different extraoral autologous bone grafts integration in humans.Material and methodsPatients needing oral rehabilitation of posterior maxilla, with inadequate bone volume for implant placement, received bone grafts from calvaria (Group 1) and iliac crest (Group 2), respectively. From five patients from each group, with a total of 10 subjects, bone biopsy specimens were collected at two different experimental time points: at bone blocks withdrawal for grafting (T0), from donor sites, and after 4 months, from reconstructed sites. Samples were processed for light microscope and immunohistochemical analyses to evaluate MMP9, VEGF, BSP, iNOS expression.ResultsMorphological analysis of T0 calvaria evidenced areas of extracellular matrix, uniformly stained and organized in concentric mineralized lamellae edging few vascular canals, while T0 iliac crest showed greater cellularity compared to calvaria, with rare mineralized areas, surrounding wide bone marrow lacunae. In T1, Group 1 samples showed large areas of extracellular matrix, uniformly stained, at the same time as Group 2 samples disclosed few areas of mineralized tissue.Although no significant differences were found in proteins expression among calvaria and iliac crest T0 samples, MMP9, VEGF and BSP expression at T1 were discovered higher in Group 1 samples than in Group 2 ones, while iNOS expression increased in Group 2 samples compared to the others. In any group, molecules expression increased passing from T0 to T1.ConclusionThese findings suggested that, even though clinically both extraoral sources of autologous bone could be considered suitable for grafting in case of large oral rehabilitation, some differences might be detected microscopically and biologically. Calvaria bone graft seemed to enhance not only the quantity of bone tissue at the defect site, but also its quality, better than iliac crest bone do. Then, while both grafts appeared to promote a suitable neoangiogenesis, as showed by morphological analysis and by MMP9 and VEGF expression, in terms of new bone formation and lack of occurrence of inflammatory events, calvaria could be considered a more suitable donor site for bone grafts.
The solar ultraviolet B radiation protection provided by shading devices with regard to its diffuse component
Authors: Kudish Avraham I. , Harari Marco , Evseev Efim G. 
Published: September 2011

Background: The composition of the incident solar global ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation with regard to its beam and diffuse radiation fractions is highly relevant with regard to outdoor sun protection. This is especially true with respect to sun protection during leisure‐time outdoor sun exposure at the shore and pools, where people tend to escape the sun under shade trees or different types of shading devices, e.g., umbrellas, overhangs, etc., believing they offer protection from the erythemal solar radiation. The degree of sun protection offered by such devices is directly related to the composition of the solar global UVB radiation, i.e., its beam and diffuse fractions.Methods: The composition of the incident solar global UVB radiation can be determined by measuring the global UVB (using Solar Light Co. Inc., Model 501A UV‐Biometer) and either of its components. The beam component of the UVB radiation was determined by measuring the normal incidence beam radiation using a prototype, tracking instrument consisting of a Solar Light Co. Inc. Model 501A UV‐Biometer mounted on an Eppley Solar Tracker Model St‐1. The horizontal beam component of the global UVB radiation was calculated from the measured normal incidence using a simple geometric correlation and the diffuse component is determined as the difference between global and horizontal beam radiations.Results: Horizontal and vertical surfaces positioned under a horizontal overhang/sunshade or an umbrella are not fully protected from exposure to solar global UVB radiation. They can receive a significant fraction of the UVB radiation, depending on their location beneath the shading device, the umbrella radius and the albedo (reflectance) of the surrounding ground surface in the case of a vertical surface.Conclusions: Shading devices such as an umbrella or horizontal overhang/shade provide relief from the solar global radiation and do block the solar global UVB radiation to some extent; nevertheless, a significant fraction of the solar global UVB radiation does penetrate this supposedly ‘protective or comfort zone’. As a result, it is imperative to either apply sunscreen or cover up the exposed body surfaces even when under such shading devices.
Autoimmune bullous skin diseases. Part 1: Clinical manifestations
Authors: Kneisel Andrea , Hertl Michael 
Published: September 2011

SummaryAutoimmune bullous skin diseases are characterized by autoantibodies against adhesion molecules of the skin. Pemphigus is a disorder with an intraepidermal loss of adhesion and is characterized by fragile blisters and erosions. Pemphigus vulgaris often shows extensive lesions of the oral mucosa, while pemphigus foliaceus is commonly restricted to cutaneous involvement with puff pastry‐like scale formation. Paraneoplastic pemphigus is obligatorily associated with malignancies and often presents as hemorrhagic stomatitis with multiforme‐like exanthems. IgA pemphigus typically presents with pustules and annular plaques but not with mucosal involvement. The clinical spectrum of the pemphigoids includes tense blisters, urticarial plaques, and prurigo‐ like eczematous lesions. Pemphigoid gestationis mostly occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy and mucous membrane pemphigoid primarily involves the oral mucosa and conjunctivae and leads to scarring. Linear IgA bullous dermatosis manifests with tense blisters in a “cluster of jewels”‐like pattern in childhood and is more heterogeneous in adulthood. Classical epidermolysis bullosa acquisita shows extensive skin fragility. Dermatitis herpetiformis is associated with gluten‐sensitive enteropathy and manifests clinically with severe itching and papulovesicles on the extensor surfaces of the extremities and the lumbosacral area. The intention of the review is to demonstrate the heterogeneous clinical spectrum of autoimmune bullous disorders.