bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can sulfur fertilisation improve the effectiveness of trap crops for diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)?
Authors: Badenes‐Perez Francisco R , Reichelt Michael , Heckel David G 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The effect of sulfur fertilisation on chemical constituents of yellow rocket, Barbarea vulgaris (R. Br.), was studied with regard to its potential use as a trap crop for the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Two types of B. vulgaris var. arcuata were used: the G‐type, resistant to P. xylostella and proposed as a ‘dead‐end’ trap crop, and the P‐type, not resistant to P. xylostella and used as a control.RESULTS:In G‐type B. vulgaris, sulfur fertilisation increased the content of the dominant glucosinolate (S)‐2‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylethylglucosinolate by 20%. Sulfur fertilisation did not significantly change levels of the saponins 3‐0‐β‐cellobiosylhederagenin and 3‐0‐β‐cellobiosyloleanolic acid, known to act as feeding deterrents for P. xylostella larvae. In P‐type B. vulgaris, the same levels of sulfur fertilisation did not change the glucosinolate content significantly. Two‐choice oviposition preference tests with B. vulgaris plants showed that P. xylostella laid 144% and 45% more eggs on G‐ and P‐type plants with sulfur fertilisation respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The studies suggest that sulfur fertilisation could increase the effectiveness of G‐type B. vulgaris as a trap crop for P. xylostella. The effect of plant sulfur fertilisation on P. xylostella oviposition preference is associated with a quantitative glucosinolate increase, but other compounds could also be involved. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Selective labelling of stromal cell‐derived factor 1α with carboxyfluorescein to study receptor internalisation
Authors: Bellmann‐Sickert Kathrin , Baumann Lars , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSDF1α plays an important role in the regeneration of injured tissue after ischemia or stroke by inducing the migration of progenitor cells. In order to study the function of this therapeutically relevant chemokine site‐specific protein labelling is of great interest. However, modification of SDF1α is complicated because of its complex tertiary structure. Here, we describe the first site‐specific fluorescent modification of SDF1α by EPL. We recombinantly expressed SDF1α (1–49) by intein‐mediated protein expression. The C‐terminal peptide SDF1α (50–68) was synthesised by SPPS and selectively labelled with carboxyfluorescein at Lys56. In a cell migration assay, M‐[K56(CF)]SDF1α showed a clear potency to induce chemotaxis of human T‐cell leukaemia cells. Microscopic analysis on HEK293 cells transfected with the CXCR4 revealed specific binding of the fluorescent ligand. Furthermore, receptor‐induced internalisation of the ligand could be visualised. These results show that site‐specific modification of SDF1α yields in a biologically functional molecule that allows the characterisation of CXCR4 production of cells on a molecular level. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ZnO‐based photodetector with internal photocurrent gain
Authors: Kosyachenko L. A. , Lashkarev G. V. , Sklyarchuk V. M. , Ievtushenko A. I. , Sklyarchuk O. F. , Lazorenko V. I. , Ulyashin A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe photoresponsive structures prepared by magnetron sputtering of ZnO on p‐Si substrates followed by vacuum evaporation of semitransparent Ni film on ZnO surface are investigated. The obtained Ni/n‐ZnO/p‐Si structures show high sensitivity that sharply increases with increase in applied voltage. Under a bias voltage of 5 V, the responsivities at λ = 390 nm and λ = 850 nm were equal to 210 and 110 A/W, which correspond to quantum efficiencies of 655 and 165, respectively. It is assumed that the observed strong response is attributed to internal gain in the Ni/n‐ZnO/p‐Si phototransistor structure containing Ni/n‐ZnO Schottky contact as the emitter junction and n‐ZnO/p‐Si heterostructure as the collector junction. The response time of the device is ∼10–7 s. Alternative mechanisms of photocurrent multiplication in such structures are also discussed.
Periodically arranged Si nanostructures by glancing angle deposition on patterned substrates
Authors: Patzig Christian , Khare Chinmay , Fuhrmann Bodo , Rauschenbach Bernd 
Published: April 2010

AbstractUsing glancing angle deposition (GLAD) by ion beam sputtering of Si on differently patterned substrates, periodically arranged Si nanostructures were obtained. Patterns with tetragonal, honeycomb‐like, and hexagonally closed packed (hcp) arrangement of the artificial seeds for the subsequent deposition at oblique particle incidence were used to demostrate the influence of the pattern periodicity, the inter‐seed distances, and other deposition parameters on the growth and morphological evolution of the Si nanostructures. magnified image
Cross‐sectional scanning electron microscopy micrograph of periodically arranged Si nanospirals deposited on a tetragonally arranged template pattern.
Summer monsoon convection in the Himalayan region: terrain and land cover effects
Authors: Medina Socorro , Houze Robert A. , Kumar Anil , Niyogi Dev 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDuring the Asian summer monsoon, convection occurs frequently near the Himalayan foothills. However, the nature of the convective systems varies dramatically from the western to eastern foothills. The analysis of high‐resolution numerical simulations and available observations from two case‐studies and of the monsoon climatology indicates that this variation is a result of region‐specific orographically modified flows and land surface flux feedbacks.Convective systems containing intense convective echo occur in the western region as moist Arabian Sea low‐level air traverses desert land, where surface flux of sensible heat enhances buoyancy. As the flow approaches the Himalayan foothills, the soil may provide an additional source of moisture if it was moistened by a previous precipitation event. Low‐level and elevated layers of dry, warm, continental flow apparently cap the low‐level moist flow, inhibiting the release of instability upstream of the foothills. The convection is released over the small foothills as the potentially unstable flow is orographically lifted to saturation.Convective systems containing broad stratiform echo occur in the eastern Himalayas in association with Bay of Bengal depressions, as strong low‐level flow transports maritime moisture into the region. As the flow progresses over the Bangladesh wetlands, additional moisture is extracted from the diurnally heated surface. Convection is triggered as conditionally unstable flow is lifted upstream of and over the foothills. The convective cells evolve into mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) with convective and stratiform areas. The MCSs are advected farther into the Himalayan eastern indentation, where orographic lifting enhances the stratiform precipitation. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Direct determination of bromine in plastics by electrothermal vaporization/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using a tungsten boat furnace vaporizer and an exchangeable sample cuvette system
Authors: Okamoto Yasuaki , Komori Hiromi , Kataoka Hiroko , Tsukahara Satoshi , Fujiwara Terufumi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA tungsten boat furnace vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (TBF/ICP‐MS) method has been applied to the direct determination of bromine in plastic samples. In the pretreatment, the plastic sample is spread over a small sample cuvette made of tungsten by treating it with a strongly basic organic solution, e.g., octanol or diisobutyl ketone in the presence of potassium hydroxide. The cuvette is placed on a tungsten boat furnace, with which the electrothermal vaporizer is equipped. At the vaporization step, a widely spread thin layer of the sample facilitates its efficient evaporation and introduction into an ICP mass spectrometer. The most remarkable feature is that all the bromine species in plastic samples are decomposed to form a thermally stable inorganic salt during the pretreatment procedure. Therefore, the bromine content in plastic samples can be measured by a calibration curve method constructed with an aqueous standard solution of potassium bromate(V). The detection limit (3σ) was estimated to be 0.77 pg of bromine, which corresponds to a concentration of 0.31 ng g−1 of bromine in plastic samples when a sample amount taken of 2.5 mg is studied. The relative standard deviation was calculated to be 2.2%. Analytical results of some plastic samples, which contained both inorganic bromide salts and also organic bromine species, are given. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simplified mass isotopomer approach to estimate gluconeogenesis rate in vivo using deuterium oxide
Authors: Junghans Peter , Görs Solvig , Lang Iris S. , Steinhoff Julia , Hammon Harald M. , Metges Cornelia C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe compare a new simplified 2H enrichment mass isotopomer analysis (MIA) against the laborious hexamethylentetramine (HMT) method to quantify the contribution of gluconeogenesis (GNG) to total glucose production (GP) in calves. Both methods are based on the 2H labeling of glucose after in vivo administration of deuterium oxide. The 2H enrichments of plasma glucose at different C‐H positions were measured as aldonitrile pentaacetate (AAc) and methyloxime‐trimethylsilyl (MoxTMS) derivatives or HMT by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Two pre‐ruminating fasted Holstein calves (51 kg body mass, BM, age 7 days) received two oral bolus doses of 2H2O (10 g/kg BM, 70 atom% 2H) at 7:00 h and 11:00 h after overnight food withdrawal. Blood samples for fractional GNG determination were collected at −24 and between 6 and 9 h after the first 2H2O dose. The ratio of 2H enrichments C5/C2 represents the contribution of GNG to GP. The 2H enrichment at C2 was calculated based on the ion fragments at m/z 328 (C1‐C6) ‐ m/z 187 (C3‐C6) of glucose AAc. The 2H enrichment at C5 was approximated either by averaging the 2H enrichment at C5‐C6 using the ion fragment of glucose MoxTMS at m/z 205 or by conversion of the C5 of glucose into HMT. The fractional GNG calculated by the C5‐C6 average 2H enrichment method (41.4 ± 6.9%) compared to the HMT method (34.3 ± 11.4%) was not different (mean ± SD, n = 6 replicates). In conclusion, GNG can be estimated with less laborious sample preparation by means of our new C5‐C6 average 2H enrichment method using AAc and MoxTMS glucose derivatives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of methane in humid air and exhaled breath using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry
Authors: Dryahina Kseniya , Smith D. , Španěl P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT‐MS, analyses of humid air and breath, it is essential to consider and account for the influence of water vapour in the media, which can be profound for the analysis of some compounds, including H2CO, H2S and notably CO2. To date, the analysis of methane has not been considered, since it is known to be unreactive with H3O+ and NO+, the most important precursor ions for SIFT‐MS analyses, and it reacts only slowly with the other available precursor ion, O. However, we have now experimentally investigated methane analysis and report that it can be quantified in both air and exhaled breath by exploiting the slow O/CH4 reaction that produces CH3O ions. We show that the ion chemistry is significantly influenced by the presence of water vapour in the sample, which must be quantified if accurate analyses are to be performed. Thus, we have carried out a study of the loss rate of the CH3O analytical ion as a function of sample humidity and deduced an appropriate kinetics library entry that provides an accurate analysis of methane in air and breath by SIFT‐MS. However, the associated limit of detection is rather high, at 0.2 parts‐per‐million, ppm. We then measured the methane levels, together with acetone levels, in the exhaled breath of 75 volunteers, all within a period of 3 h, which shows the remarkable sample throughput rate possible with SIFT‐MS. The mean methane level in ambient air is seen to be 2 ppm with little spread and that in exhaled breath is 6 ppm, ranging from near‐ambient levels to 30 ppm, with no significant variation with age and gender. Methane can now be included in the wide ranging analyses of exhaled breath that are currently being carried out using SIFT‐MS. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimizing analyte electrolysis in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using a redox buffer coated emitter electrode
Authors: Peintler‐Krivan Emese , Van Berkel Gary J. , Kertesz Vilmos 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn emitter electrode with an electroactive poly(pyrrole) (PPy) polymer film coating was constructed for use in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). The PPy film acted as a surface‐attached redox buffer limiting the interfacial potential of the emitter electrode. While extensive oxidation of selected analytes (reserpine and amodiaquine) was observed in positive ion mode ESI using a bare metal (gold) emitter electrode, the oxidation was suppressed for these same analytes when using the PPy‐coated electrode. A semi‐quantitative relationship between the rate of oxidation observed and the interfacial potential of the emitter electrode was shown. The redox buffer capacity, and therefore the lifetime of the redox buffering effect, correlated with the oxidation potential of the analyte and with the magnitude of the film charge capacity. Online reduction of the PPy polymer layer using negative ion mode ESI between analyte injections was shown to successfully restore the redox buffering capacity of the polymer film to its initial state. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructural Evolution and Change in Hardness of S30432 Heat‐resistant Steel during Creep at 650 °C
Authors: Zhu L.H. , Zhang Y.J. , Wang Q.J. , Xu S.Q. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe microstructural evolution of S30432 heat‐resistant steel during creep at 650 °C and its effect on the change in hardness was investigated. The change of hardness during creep of S30432 at 650 °C can be divided into three stages. These are related to the precipitation and coarsening of ε‐Cu and M23C6 carbides, decrease in the number of twins and increase in grain size. The precipitation of ε‐Cu dominantly contributes to the significant hardening at stage I, and the coarsening of ε‐Cu is the key factor to decrease the hardness at stage II. At stage III, the hardness hardly changes since the microstructure of S30432 tends to be stable in the long‐term creep range.
Fatigue and Structural Changes of High Interstitial Stainless Austenitic Steels
Authors: Berns H. , Gavriljuk V.G. , Nabiran N. , Petrov Yu.N. , Riedner S. , Trophimova L.N. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSteels with 18 to 19 mass% Cr and Mn each were studied in the as‐cast condition containing 0.85 mass% C + N and in the elektro‐slag‐remelted and hot worked condition containing 0.96 mass% C + N after final solution annealing. The latter was also tested after 20% prestraining. The results of tensile tests were compared to those of rotating bending and push/pull loading. The higher C + N content raised the 0.2% proof strength to about 600 MPa of which 70% were retained as fatigue limit of rotating bending at 107 cycles and a failure probability of 50%. Prestraining further improved this limit but lowered it in relation to the proof strength. The structural components of cold work hardening under unidirectional loading and cyclic loading were similar (planar slip, dislocation, twins and ε‐martensite) except for precipitates in the latter. Nitrides appeared in the austenite and carbides in the ε‐plates.
The Effect of MgO on the Viscosity of the CaO‐SiO2‐20  wt%Al2O3‐MgO Slag System
Authors: Kim Hyuk , Kim Wan Ho , Sohn Il , Min Dong Joon 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe viscosities of CaO‐SiO2‐20 wt%Al2O3‐MgO slags (CaO/SiO2 = 1.0–1.2, wt%MgO = 5–13) were measured to estimate the effect of MgO on the viscous behaviour at elevated temperatures. The slag viscosity at 1773 K decreased with increasing MgO contents, which was typical of a basic oxide component at relatively low basicity (CaO/SiO2) of 1.0. The FT‐IR spectroscopic analysis of the slag structure seems to verify this behaviour. However, an unexpected contradiction with the temperature dependence was observed above 10 wt%MgO and above CaO/SiO2 of 1.2. Although the apparent activation energy was expected to decrease with additions of the basic oxide component MgO, the apparent activation energy increased. This unexpected behaviour seems to be related to the change in the primary phase field correlating to the phase diagram corresponding to the slag composition. Therefore, in order to understand the viscosity at both high Al2O3 and MgO, not only should the typical depolymerization of the slag structure with high MgO content be considered but also the primary phases of which the molten slag originates.
Sustained release properties of cross‐linked corn starches with varying amylose contents in monolithic tablets
Authors: Onofre Fernanda O. , Mendez‐Montealvo Guadalupe , Wang Ya‐Jane 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCorn starches of varying amylose contents (0, 28, and 70%) were cross‐linked with epichlorohydrin to different levels (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1% w/w starch dry basis), and their sustained release properties in tablets were evaluated using propranolol hydrochloride as the model drug. Drug release was correlated with swelling power of the cross‐linked starches, porosity of tablets, and rheological properties of the swollen tablets. Cross‐linking increased the drug release rate from starch tablets, and had a stronger impact on amylose‐containing starch matrices than on waxy corn starch ones. The cross‐linked starches showed lower swelling power and produced tablets of lower porosity than their respective non‐cross‐linked controls. Increasing cross‐linking led to progressively more rigid and stiffer waxy corn starch matrices, but it had the opposite effect on high amylose corn ones, and an intermediate effect on common corn ones. The amylose content played an important role in the properties of starch matrices, and consequently the sustained release and rheological behavior of starch tablets.
Relationship of cooked‐rice nutritionally important starch fractions with other physicochemical properties
Authors: Patindol James , Guraya Harmeet , Champagne Elaine , Chen Ming‐Hsuan , McClung Anna 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSixteen rice cultivars representing five cytosine‐thymine repeat (CTn) microsatellite genetic marker groups were analyzed for their cooked rice nutritionally important starch fractions (NISFs, which include rapidly digestible (RDS), slowly digestible (SDS), and resistant starch (RS)), basic grain quality indices (apparent amylose (AM), crude protein (CP), alkali spreading value (AS), and gel consistency (GC)), pasting characteristics, and thermal properties. Chemometric tools (bivariate correlation, principal component analysis, multiple linear regression, and partial least squares regression) were used to establish the association of NISF with other milled rice physicochemical properties. CT11 was generally associated with high percentages of RS and SDS, and a low percentage of RDS. CT14 was associated with low SDS; whereas, CT17 and CT18 were associated with low RS. The CT20 cultivars were similar to CT11 in SDS and RS; and to CT14, CT17, and CT18 in RDS content. RDS, SDS, and RS were loaded on three different quadrants of the principal component similarity map. RDS was not significantly correlated with any of the physicochemical properties; whereas, SDS was positively correlated with GC. RS was positively correlated with AM, setback (SB) viscosity, total setback (TSB) viscosity, and peak gelatinization temperature; and negatively correlated with breakdown (BD) viscosity. Multivariate techniques indicated lack of robustness in predicting RDS and SDS as the models only explained <50% of the variance. More robust regression models were obtained for RS, explaining >60% of its variation. Basic grain quality indices explained NISF variations better than pasting and thermal properties.
Permanently Blocked Stem Cells Derived From Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Sajithlal Gangadharan B. , Rothermund Kristi , Zhang Fang , Dabbs David J. , Latimer Jean J. , Grant Stephen G. , Prochownik Edward V. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be resistant to standard chemotherapeutic drugs and the inimical conditions of the tumor microenvironment. Obtaining CSCs in sufficient quantities and maintaining their undifferentiated state have been major hurdles to their further characterization and to the identification of new pharmaceuticals that preferentially target these cells. We describe here the tagging of CSC-like populations from four human breast cancer cell lines with green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the Oct3/4 stem cell-specific promoter. As expected, GFP was expressed by the CSC-enriched populations. However, an unanticipated result was that these cells remained blocked in a CSC-like state and tended to be resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs as well as acidotic and hypoxic conditions. These CSC-like cells possessed several other in vitro attributes of CSCs and were able to reproducibly generate tumors in immunocompromised mice from as few as 100 cells. Moreover, the tumors derived from these cells were comprised almost exclusively of pure CSCs. The ability of the Oct3/4 promoter to block CSC differentiation underscores its potential general utility for obtaining highly purified CSC populations, although the mechanism by which it does so remains undefined and subject to further study. Nonetheless, such stable cell lines should be extremely valuable tools for studying basic questions pertaining to CSC biology and for the initial identification of novel CSC-specific chemotherapeutic agents, which can then be verified in primary CSCs.
Vakuumimprägnierung poröser Metallwerkstücke mit anorganischen Nanosolen
Authors: Mahltig Boris 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDie Versiegelung von porösen Metallwerkstücken kann durch Anwendung von anorganischen Nanosolen gelingen. entscheidend für die wirksame Versiegelung ist die Applikation der Nanosole mittels Vakuumimprägnierung. Geeignete Nanosole enthalten Partikel von Silizium/Aluminium‐Mischoxiden, die zudem mit organischen Methylgruppen modifiziert sind. Die Nanosolpartikel sind kleiner 100 nm, wobei das Maximum der Größenverteilung bei etwa 10nm liegt. Neben der Versiegelung von Metallwerkstücken kann zudem durch die Nanosol‐Applikation eine Verbesserung der Korrosionsstabilität erreicht werden. Eine Weiterentwicklung dieser Technologie ist somit insbesondere aussichtsreich für Anwendungen im Werkzeugbau und für Werkstücke im Automobilbau.