bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of feeding α-amylase-expressed corn silage and grain on performance, enteric methane production, and carcass characteristics in beef steers
Authors: Rebelo Lucas R , Clark Kirsten L , Relling Alejandro E , Lee Chanhee 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding Enogen feed corn (EFC) silage or EFC grain with different grain processing (dry-rolled corn vs. whole-shelled corn) in feedlot cattle diets. Total 68 Angus cross-bred steers were blocked by body weight and the treatments (diets) were randomly assigned to steers in each block: a basal diet with isoline corn silage and isoline dry-rolled corn grain (IIR); the basal diet with EFC silage and isoline dry-rolled corn grain (EIR); the basal diet with EFC silage and EFC dry-rolled grain (EER); and the basal diet with EFC silage and EFC whole-shelled grain (EEW). Isoline refers to the isogenic counterpart of Enogen corn silage or grain. Steers received the assigned treatment over 32 wk of the entire experiment (backgrounding and finishing) until harvested. Part of the steers (eight blocks) in each treatment were used to measure CH4 production (g/d) using the GreenFeed and CH4 production per unit of DMI. All data were analyzed using a mixed procedure of SAS in a randomized complete block design, considering diet as a fixed effect and block as a random effect. Steers fed the EIR diet increased (P = 0.03) DMI compared to IIR during the backgrounding phase. However, feeding EFC silage or grain did not affect body weight, average daily gain, and feed efficiency during backgrounding and finishing phases. Feeding EEW decreased (P ≤ 0.05) body weight, average daily gain, feed efficiency, and tended to decrease (P = 0.06) hot carcass weight compared to EER during the finishing phase. Methane production per unit of DMI decreased (P = 0.02) for steers fed EIR compared with steers fed IIR only during the backgrounding phase. Feeding EFC grain had no effect on CH4 production (g/d) in both phases. In conclusion, feeding EFC silage or grain did not improve the performance of beef steers during the backgrounding and finishing phases in the current experiment condition. Methane production per unit of DMI was reduced for steers fed EFC silage compared with isoline corn silage only during the backgrounding phase.
Ancient mitogenomes reveal evidence for the Late Miocene dispersal of mergansers to the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Rawlence Nicolas J , Verry Alexander J F , Cole Theresa L , Shepherd Lara D , Tennyson Alan J D , Williams Murray , Wood Jamie R , Mitchell Kieren J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Mergansers are riverine and coastal piscivorous ducks that are widespread throughout North America and Eurasia but uncommon in the Southern Hemisphere. One species occurs in South America and at least two extinct species are known from New Zealand. It has been proposed that these Southern Hemisphere merganser lineages were founded by at least two independent dispersal events from the Northern Hemisphere. However, some morphological and behavioural evidence suggests that Southern Hemisphere mergansers may form a monophyletic clade that descended from only a single dispersal event from the Northern Hemisphere. For example, Southern Hemisphere mergansers share several characteristics that differ from Northern Hemisphere mergansers (e.g. non-migratory vs. migratory, sexual monochromatism vs. sexual dichromatism, long vs. short pair bonds). We sequenced complete mitogenomes from the Brazilian merganser and an extinct merganser from New Zealand—the Auckland Island merganser. Our results show that the Brazilian and Auckland Island mergansers are not sister-taxa, and probably descend from two separate colonization events from the Northern Hemisphere at least 7 Mya. Nuclear (palaeo)genomic data may help to further resolve the relationship between living and extinct mergansers, including merganser fossils from New Zealand that have not been subjected to palaeogenetic analysis.
Disease modification in axial spondyloarthritis – still a controversy?
Authors: de Hooge Manouk , van der Heijde Désirée 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
This review evaluates recent advancements in disease-modifying therapies for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Recent findings
A recent study could not demonstrate an additional effect of NSAID therapy on golimumab [Tumor Necrosis Factor-α inhibitor (TNFi)] on structural progression; however, this might be due to the fact that the study was underpowered. While DMARDs have shown promise in suppressing inflammation, their impact on structural progression remains uncertain. A well powered trial showed no difference in spinal progression between secukinumab [Interleukin17A inhibitor (IL17Ai)] and adalimumab-biosimilar (TNFi). Preliminary data on Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) focus on MRI findings but lack evidence on radiographic spinal progression. While some studies suggest promising outcomes, others reveal limitations and inconclusive findings.

Summary
Recent studies explore the effectiveness of NSAIDs, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs like TNFi and IL-17i, as well as JAK inhibitors in axSpA. Conflicting evidence surrounds these therapies’ ability to impede structural progression, with challenges in study design and interpretation. Moreover, changes in demographics and treatment methods underscore the importance of examining trends over time when assessing disease outcomes. Ultimately, ongoing research could benefit from new imaging tools when evaluating therapeutic strategies for modifying disease progression in axSpA.
Optimal Fixation Strategies for Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures in Patients 18–59 Years of Age: An Analysis of 565 Cases Treated at 26 Level 1 Trauma Centers
Authors: Roser Tom , Collinge Cory A. , Giga Kashmeera , Lebus George F. , Beltran Michael J. , Crist Brett , Sems Stephen A. , Gardner Michael J. , Sagi H. Claude , Archdeacon Michael T. , Mir Hassan R. , Rodriguez-Buitrago Andres , Mitchell Phillip , Tornetta Paul ,   the Young Femoral Neck Fracture Working Group
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study was to determine the difference in failure rates of surgical repair for displaced femoral neck fractures in patients younger than 60 years of age according to fixation strategy.

METHODS:

Design:
This is a retrospective, comparative cohort study.

Setting:
Twenty-six Level 1 North American trauma centers.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients younger than 60 years of age with a displaced femoral neck fracture (OTA 31-B2, B3) undergoing surgical repair from 2005 to 2017.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Patient demographics, injury characteristics, repair methods used, and treatment failure (nonunion/failed fixation, avascular necrosis, and need for secondary surgery) were compared according to fixation strategy.

RESULTS:
Five hundred and sixty-five patients met inclusion criteria and were studied. The mean age was 42 years, 36% were female, and the average Pauwels' angle of fractures was 55 degrees. There were 305 patients treated with multiple cannulated screws (MCS) and 260 treated with a fixed-angle (FA) construct. Treatment failures were 46% overall, but was more likely to occur in MCS constructs versus FA devices (55% vs. 36%, P < 0.001). When FA constructs were substratified, the use of a sliding hip screw with addition of a medial femoral neck buttress plate (FNBP) and “antirotation” (AR) screw demonstrated better results than either FNBP or AR screw alone or neither with the lowest overall construct failure rate of 11% (P < 0.036).

CONCLUSIONS:
Historically used fixation constructs for femoral neck fractures (eg, multiple cannulated screws and sliding hip screw) in young and middle-aged adults performed poorly compared with more recently proposed constructs, including those using a medial femoral neck buttress plate and an antirotation screw. Fixed-angle constructs outperformed multiple cannulated screws overall, and augmentation of fixed-angle constructs with a medial femoral neck buttress plate and antirotation screw improved the likelihood of successful treatment. Surgeons should prioritize fixation decisions when repairing displaced femoral neck fractures in patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Effects of Unitizing Nail–Plate Constructs in Distal Femur Fractures: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Mayer Erik , Lendhey Matin , Kelley Benjamin , Shi Brendan , Upfill-Brown Alexander , Devana Sai K. , Brodke Dane , Shah Akash , Sekimura Troy , Gudapati Varun , Zukotynski Brian , Park Jeannie , Witt Amber R. , Marciante Mara , Mahoney Jonathan M. , Bucklen Brandon S. , Lee Christopher 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the biomechanical differences between linked and unlinked constructs in young and osteoporotic cadavers in addition to osteoporotic sawbones.

METHODS:
Intraarticular distal femur fractures with comminuted metaphyseal regions were created in three young matched pair cadavers, three osteoporotic matched pair cadavers, and six osteoporotic sawbones. Precontoured distal femur locking plates were placed in addition to a standardized retrograde nail, with unitized constructs having one 4.5 mm locking screw placed distally through the nail. Nonunitized constructs had seven 4.5 mm locking screws placed through the plate around the nail, with one 5 mm distal interlock placed through the nail alone. Cadaveric specimens were subjected to axial fatigue loads between 150 and 1500 N (R Ratio = 10) with 1 Hx frequency for 10,000 cycles. Sawbones were axially loaded at 50% of the ultimate load for fatigue testing to achieve runout, with testing performed with 30 and 300 N (R Ratio = 10) loads with 1 Hz frequency for 10,000 cycles.

RESULTS:
In young cadavers, there was no difference in the mean cyclic displacement of the unitized constructs (1.51 ± 0.62mm) compared to the non-unitized constructs (1.34 ± 0.47mm) (Figure 4A), (p = 0.722). In osteoporotic cadavers, there was no difference in the mean cyclic displacement of the unitized constructs (2.46 ± 0.47mm) compared to the non-unitized constructs (2.91 ± 1.49mm) (p =0.639). There was statistically no significant difference in cyclic displacement between the unitized and non-unitized groups in osteoporotic sawbones(p = 0.181).

CONCLUSIONS:
Linked constructs did not demonstrate increased axial stiffness or decreased cyclical displacement in comparison to unlinked constructs in young cadaveric specimens, osteoporotic cadaveric specimens, or osteoporotic sawbones.
Treatment Failure After Repair of Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures in Patients Compared by “Decade of Life”: An Analysis of 565 Cases in Adults Less Than 60 years of Age
Authors: Collinge Cory A. , Giga Kashmeera , Roser Thomas , Lebus George F. , Beltran Michael J. , Crist Brett , Sems Stephen A. , Gardner Michael J. , Sagi H. Claude , Archdeacon Michael T. , Mir Hassan R. , Rodriguez-Buitrago Andres , Mitchell Phillip , Tornetta Paul ,   the Young Femoral Neck Fracture Working Group
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To study the results of displaced femoral neck fractures (FNFs) in adults less than 60 years of age by comparing patients, injury, treatment, and the characteristics of treatment failure specifically according to patients' age at injury, that is, by their “decade of life” [ie, “under 30” (29 years and younger), “the 30s” (30–39 years), “the 40s” (40–49 years), and “the 50s” (50–59 years)].

METHODS:

Design:
Multicenter retrospective comparative cohort series.

Setting:
Twenty-six North American Level 1 Trauma Centers.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Skeletally mature patients aged 18–59 years with operative repair of displaced FNFs.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Main outcome measures were treatment failures (fixation failure and/or nonunion, osteonecrosis, malunion, and the need for subsequent major reconstructive surgery (arthroplasty or proximal femoral osteotomy). These were compared across decades of adult life through middle age (<30 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years, and 50–59 years).

RESULTS:
Overall, treatment failure was observed in 264 of 565 (47%) of all hips. The mean age was 42.2 years, 35.8% of patients were women, and the mean Pauwels angle was 53.8 degrees. Complications and the need for major secondary surgeries increased with each increasing decade of life assessed: 36% of failure occurred in patients <30 years of age, 40% in their 30s, 48% in their 40s, and 57% in their 50s (P < 0.001). Rates of osteonecrosis increased with decades of life (under 30s and 30s vs. 40s vs. 50s developed osteonecrosis in 10%, 10%, 20%, and 27% of hips, P < 0.001), while fixation failure and/or nonunion only increased by decade of life to a level of trend (P = 0.06). Reparative methods varied widely between decade-long age groups, including reduction type (open vs. closed, P < 0.001), reduction quality (P = 0.030), and construct type (cannulated screws vs. fixed angle devices, P = 0.024), while some variables evaluated did not change with age group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Displaced FNFs in young and middle-aged adults are a challenging clinical problem with a high rate of treatment failure. Major complications and the need for complex reconstructive surgery increased greatly by decade of life with the patients in their sixth decade experiencing osteonecrosis at the highest rate seen among patients in the decades studied. Interestingly, treatments provided to patients in their 50s were notably different than those provided to younger patient groups.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Analysis of vascular anatomy in deep inferior epigastric perforator flap
Authors: Tsai Hsu-Yun , Fang Chien-Liang , Hsu Chin-Hao , Tu Chin-Wen , Wu Yueh-Lin , Yang Hsin-Yi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is considered the gold standard in autologous breast reconstruction. One of the existing challenges of the procedure is maintaining a pedicle of suitable length and diameter for flap survival. In this study, we analyzed the vascular anatomy of bipedicle DIEP flap cases in terms of the vessel diameter, the rate of secondary venae comitantes, and pedicle length to determine the efficacy of microvascular anastomosis and venous drainage.

Materials and Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 108 patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction using free bipedicle DIEP flaps between 2012 and 2019. The patient characteristics, diameters of the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) and accompanying veins (DIEVs), DIEA pedicle length, vessel re-anastomosis rate, flap failure rate, and fat necrosis were recorded.

Results
Comparison of the right-side and left-side diameters and pedicle lengths obtained showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). A total of 148 sides (68.52%) of flaps had double venous drainage, whereas 68 sides (31.48%) of flaps had one. Vein congestion occurred in 5 cases, and all involved with just one DIEV anastomosis. No arterial occlusions were observed.

Conclusions
This is an analysis of extensive clinical data in terms of DIEA, DIEV, and pedicle length. The low vein congestion rate observed reveals that adequate venous drainage was achieved in the DIEV system for DIEP reconstruction. Adequate deep inferior epigastric vessel pedicle length and vessel size, as well as greater than 60% of flaps with secondary DIEV, may allow comfortable microsurgery with reduced complications.
POSTINTRAVITREAL INJECTION AND POSTCATARACT EXTRACTION ENDOPHTHALMITIS VISUAL OUTCOMES BY ORGANISM
Authors: Cioana Milena , Naidu Sumana , Far Parsa M. , Yeung Shanna C. , You Yuyi , Yan Peng 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To compare visual outcomes of endophthalmitis following intravitreal injections (IVIs) and cataract extraction by causative organism.

Methods:
Searches in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and Embase identified articles reporting visual outcomes by causative organisms in post-IVI and cataract extraction endophthalmitis cases from January 2010 to February 2022. A random-effects meta-analysis compared visual improvement among endophthalmitis cases caused by causative organisms.

Results:
Eighty-five out of 3,317 retrieved studies were included. The highest degree of visual acuity improvement in both post-IVI and postcataract extraction endophthalmitis was seen in cases caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, followed by gram-negative organisms and other gram-positive organisms such as streptococci and enterococci. Culture-negative cases showed more visual acuity improvement than culture-positive cases in post-IVI endophthalmitis. These results remained consistent when accounting for endophthalmitis treatment, IVI type, condition requiring IVI treatment, follow-up period, and initial preprocedural visual acuity.

Conclusion:
Coagulase-negative staphylococci and gram-negative organisms show the most visual acuity improvement in both post-IVI and postcataract extraction endophthalmitis. Other gram-positive organisms such as streptococci and enterococci are associated with less visual improvement. This updated systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that the results of the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study are consistent decades later despite advancements in surgical practices and the evolution of microorganisms over time.
SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF RETINAL DETACHMENT ASSOCIATED WITH PROLIFERATIVE SICKLE CELL RETINOPATHY
Authors: Ahmed Ishrat , Wakabayashi Taku , Gonzales Anthony F. , Ong Sally S. , Light Jacob G. , Handa James T. , Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Scott Adrienne W. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the long-term anatomic and visual outcomes in eyes with sickle cell retinopathy–related retinal detachments (RDs).

Methods:
Patients who underwent surgery for sickle cell retinopathy–related RDs at the Wilmer Eye Institute or Wills Eye Hospital between 2008 and 2020 and followed for at least 6 months postoperatively were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was the rate of single-surgery anatomic success and final reattachment.

Results:
This study included 30 eyes from 28 patients (16 women and 12 men) with tractional RD (n = 13), rhegmatogenous RD (n = 1), and combined tractional RD/rhegmatogenous RD (n = 16). Mean age was 42.1 ± 15.1 years. The mean follow-up duration was 47.8 ± 34.1 months. Twenty-five (83.3%) eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy and five (16.7%) eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy with scleral buckling. Single-surgery anatomic success was achieved in 21 (70.0%) eyes at 6 months. Final reattachment was achieved in 28 (93.3%) eyes (22 eyes [73.3%] without tamponade). Recurrence of RDs was significantly associated with male gender (P = 0.041), absence of previous laser (P = 0.032), iatrogenic breaks (P = 0.035), retinectomy (P = 0.034), and silicone oil tamponade (P = 0.024). Overall, the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity improved from 1.53 ± 0.57 (Snellen equivalent, 20/678) to 1.15 ± 1.01 (20/283) at the final visit (P = 0.03); however, eyes with recurrent RD did not achieve significant visual improvement.

Conclusion:
Pars plana vitrectomy to repair sickle cell retinopathy–related RDs was effective in achieving anatomic success and improving vision in most eyes. Single-surgery anatomic success is critical for optimizing visual outcomes.
ANATOMIC OUTCOMES OF LENS-SPARING VITRECTOMY FOR STAGE 3 OR 4 FAMILIAL EXUDATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY
Authors: Liu Huanyu , Peng Jie , Zhang Wenting , Zhang Xuerui , Gu Victoria Y. , Yang Yuan , Xiao Haodong , Yin Jiawei , Jiao Dian , Tian Tian , Zhao Peiquan 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To report the anatomic outcomes and retinal structure changes from lens-sparing vitrectomy (LSV) for eyes with Stage 3 or 4 familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).

Methods:
Overall, 133 consecutive eyes of 119 patients with Stage 3 (51 eyes) or 4 (82 eyes) FEVR who underwent LSV between January 2012 and May 2023 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:
One hundred twenty-nine eyes (97.0%) achieved traction relief through one LSV operation. The extent of retinal detachment improved in 98 eyes (73.7%), remained stable in 32 eyes (24.1%), and progressed in three eyes (2.3%). At long-term follow-up, 39 (29.3%) and 60 (45.1%) eyes had completely or partially reattached retina, respectively. The median change of venular angle was 3.6° (95% CI, 3.5–10.5; P < 0.001) and −9.9° (95% CI, −15.8 to −4.6; P < 0.001) for temporal and nasal vessels, respectively. The mean disk–fovea distance was 0.3 papillary diameter shorter (95% CI, −0.4 to −0.2; P < 0.001), and the mean temporal venular arcade distance was 0.02 papillary diameter larger (95% CI, −0.16 to 0.21; P = 0.361).

Conclusion:
These results suggest that LSV can relieve vitreoretinal traction and reattach the retina in late-stage FEVR eyes. Improvements in temporal and nasal venular angle and disk–fovea distance reflect positive retinal structure changes for patients.
VISION AND METAMORPHOPSIA OUTCOMES OF MACULAR BUCKLING FOR FOVEOSCHISIS-ASSOCIATED MACULAR DETACHMENT IN HIGHLY MYOPIC EYES
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhao Xiujuan , Liu Bingqian , Chen Shida , Huang Xia , Wu Qingxiu , Zhan Jinlian , Lu Lin 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To assess the functional outcomes in visual acuity, metamorphopsia, and vision-related quality of life (VR-QOL) and to evaluate prognostic factors after macular buckling (MB) surgery in eyes with high myopia and foveoschisis (FS)-associated macular detachment (MD).

Methods:
Thirty-nine eyes of 39 patients with FS-associated MD who underwent MB surgery were enrolled. Measured outcomes comprised best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), metamorphopsia, VR-QOL, axial length (AL), macular reattachment, and resolution of foveoschisis. In addition, factors affecting final BCVA and metamorphopsia were analyzed.

Results:
At 12 months postoperatively, 36 eyes (92.31%) achieved macular reattachment, 37 eyes (94.87%) achieved complete resolution of foveoschisis, and metamorphopsia diminished in 31 eyes (79.49%). LogMAR BCVAs at baseline and months 1, 3, 6, and 12 postoperatively were 0.62 ± 0.35 (20/83), 0.65 ± 0.3 (20/89), 0.59 ± 0.31 (20/77), 0.54 ± 0.31 (20/69), and 0.46 ± 0.27 (20/57) (P < 0.001), respectively. Metamorphopsia scores by M-CHARTS were 1.36° ± 0.51°, 1.04° ± 0.51°, 0.74° ± 0.47°, 0.59° ± 0.47°, and 0.13° ± 0.29° (P < 0.001). All Visual Function Questionnaire-25 subscales demonstrated significant improvement postoperatively, with the exception of “general health” (P = 0.08) and “driving” (P = 0.111). Preoperative BCVA was an independent risk factor for postoperative BCVA at month 12 (r = 0.638, P < 0.001), and the preoperative M-score was an independent risk factor for postoperative M-score at month 12 (r = 0.187, P = 0.045).

Conclusion:
MB surgery significantly improved BCVA, metamorphopsia, and VR-QOL in patients with FS-associated MD. Preoperative BCVA and metamorphopsia score were prognostic factors for postoperative BCVA and metamorphopsia score at month 12.