bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and cough in children with chronic unexplained cough using combined impedance–pH–manometry recordings
Authors: Blondeau K. , Mertens V. , Dupont L. , Pauwels A. , Farré R. , Malfroot A. , De Wachter E. , De Schutter I. , Hauser B. , Vandenplas Y. , Sifrim D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIntroductionAssessment of the reflux–cough association in children is challenging. Esophageal (impedance) pH recording is sensitive to recognize reflux. However, cough recorded by an event marker, possibly lacks accuracy. We aimed to study the exact time relationship between reflux and cough in children with chronic cough.MethodsTwenty‐six children (12 boys; 1–10.5 years) with chronic unexplained cough underwent ambulatory impedance–pH–manometry recordings. Manometry was used for precise cough recognition. Reflux was assessed with impedance‐pH monitoring and defined as acid (pH <4), weakly acidic (WA) (pH 4–7), weakly alkaline (WALK) (pH ≥7), or acid only (pH <4 for ≥4 sec without impedance pattern). Cough was considered “induced by” reflux, if it started ≤2 min after reflux. The Symptom Association Probability (SAP) was calculated and considered positive if >95%. Cough‐induced reflux if it occurred 30 sec before the reflux event.ResultsImpedance‐pH detected 30 (21–52) reflux episodes/patient (55.2% acid, 41.5% WA, and 3.3% WALK). Additionally 59 acid only events were identified [1 (0–21)/patient]. Manometry detected 47 (5–203) cough bursts/patient. Reflux–cough was found in 22/26 patients. Ten patients had a +SAP for reflux–cough (one acid, six WA, and three acid + WA gastroesophageal reflux [GER]), of which nine had a normal acid exposure. Six out of 10 patients with +SAP using manometry had a +SAP using the event marker. Cough–reflux was detected in 19 patients [3 (0–7)/patient]. Only a small fraction of the esophageal acid exposure [9.6 (0.4–31.8%)] was secondary to cough.ConclusionBoth acid and WA GER may precede cough in children with unexplained cough, but cough does not induce GER. Objective cough recording improves symptom association analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:286–294. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional variational data assimilation of ozone and fine particulate matter observations: some results using the Weather Research and Forecasting—Chemistry model and Grid‐point Statistical Interpolation
Authors: Pagowski M. , Grell G. A. , McKeen S. A. , Peckham S. E. , Devenyi D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn operational air‐quality forecasting, initial concentrations of chemical species are often obtained using previous‐day forecasts with limited or no account for the observations. In this article we assess the role that assimilation of surface measurements of ozone and fine aerosols can play in improving the skill of air‐quality forecasts. An assimilation experiment is performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting—Chemistry model and Grid‐point Statistical Interpolation, a three‐dimensional variational assimilation tool. The modelling domain covers the northeastern region of North America. The measurements come from the United States Environmental Protection Agency AIRNow network and are available hourly. Background error covariance statistics are derived from forecasts in July 2004. Comparison of forecasts issued in August and September 2006 and initialized with and without the assimilation follows. Results show that forecasts of ozone and fine aerosol concentrations benefit from the assimilation in terms of standard verification scores for a period of at least 24 hours. However, significant reduction of errors as a consequence of the assimilation is accompanied by fast model error growth in the early forecast hours. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A graphical representation for a statistical test of average equivalence and variance comparison with process data
Authors: Burdick Richard K. , Pferdeort Valerie , Sidor Leslie , Tholudur Arun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper provides a graphical approach for presenting results of a statistical test of average equivalence with process data. In addition, a graphical representation of process change in variance is presented. An example from the biopharmaceutical industry is provided to illustrate the information contained in the chart. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal scaling for risk assessment: merging of operational and financial data
Authors: Figini, Silvia , Kenett Ron S. , Salini Silvia 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe focus of the paper is the use of optimal scaling techniques to reduce the dimensionality of ordinal variables describing the quality of services to a continuous score interpretable as a measure of operational risk. This new score of operational risk is merged with a financial risk score in order to obtain an integrated measure of risk. The proposed integration methodology is a generalization of the merging model suggested in Fagini and Giudici (J. Oper. Res. Soc. 2010; in press) for a hierarchical data structure. In order to demonstrate the methodology, we use real data from a telecommunication company providing services to enterprises in different business lines and geographical locations. For each enterprise, we have collected information about operational and financial performance. The approach demonstrated in this case study can be generalized to general service providers who are concerned by both the quality of service and the financial solvency of their customers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The exponent 3/2 at pyramidal nanoindentations
Authors: Kaupp G. , Naimi‐Jamal M. R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe analysis of published loading curves reveals the exponent 3/2 to the depth for nanoindentations with sharp pyramidal or conical tips. This has geometric reasons, as it occurs independent on the bonding states and indentation mechanisms. Nevertheless, most mathematical deductions and finite element simulations of nanomechanical parameters in the literature continue using the experimentally not supported Hertzian exponent 2. Therefore, numerous published loading curves of various authors are plotted using the experimental exponent 3/2 to present unbiased proof for its generality with metals, oxides, semiconductors, biomaterials, polymers, and organics. Linearity is independent of equipment and valid for load controlled, or depth controlled, or continuous stiffness, or AFM force measurements. The linearity with exponent 3/2 often extends from the nano‐ into the microindentation ranges. The tip rounding and taper influence of the “geometrical similar” indenters are discussed. When kinks occur in such linear plots through the origin, these indicate change of the materials' mechanical properties under pressure by phase transition. These events are discussed for nanoindentations with respect to the known hydrostatic transformation pressures that are, of course, always higher than the necessary indentation mean pressure. Numerous Raman, as well as X‐ray and electron diffraction results from the literature support the phase transitions that are now easily detected. Nanoporous materials first fill the pores upon indentation. Published loading curves exhibit more information than hitherto assumed. SCANNING 32: 265–281, 2010. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sox1 Maintains the Undifferentiated State of Cortical Neural Progenitor Cells via the Suppression of Prox1-Mediated Cell Cycle Exit and Neurogenesis
Authors: Elkouris Maximilianos , Balaskas Nikos , Poulou Maria , Politis Panagiotis K. , Panayiotou Elena , Malas Stavros , Thomaidou Dimitra , Remboutsika Eumorphia 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells maintain their identity via continuous self-renewal and suppression of differentiation. Gain-of-function experiments in the chick revealed an involvement for Sox1-3 transcription factors in the maintenance of the undifferentiated neural progenitor (NP) identity. However, the mechanism(s) employed by each factor has not been resolved. Here, we derived cortical neural/stem progenitor cells from wild-type and Sox1-null mouse embryos and found that Sox1 plays a key role in the suppression of neurogenic cell divisions. Loss of Sox1 leads to progressive depletion of self-renewing cells, elongation of the cell cycle of proliferating cells, and significant increase in the number of cells exiting the cell cycle. In proliferating NP cells, Sox1 acts via a prospero-related homeobox 1 (Prox1)-mediated pathway to block cell cycle exit that leads to neuronal differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Thus, our results demonstrate that Sox1 regulates the size of the cortical NP pool via suppression of Prox1-mediated neurogenic cell divisions.
A‐type K+ current dominates somatic excitability of delayed firing neurons in rat substantia gelatinosa
Authors: Melnick Igor V. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSubstantia gelatinosa neurons display three main types of intrinsic firing behavior: tonic, adapting, and delayed onset. Here, voltage‐gated currents expressed by delayed firing neurons were studied in nucleated patches obtained in spinal cord slices of 3–5 weeks‐old rats. Inward Na+ current was negligible under these conditions and was usually occluded by superposition of much larger outward currents. Two kinds of outward currents were found, an A‐type (KA) and delayed rectifier (KDR) potassium currents. KA activated rapidly (<1.5 ms at >−20 mV) and operated at subthreshold membrane potentials; voltages of steady‐state half‐maximal activation and inactivation were −38.7 and −87.2 mV, respectively. Inactivation was biexponential with a dominant fast component (∼90%, time constant ∼8 ms). KDR activated more slowly (<8 ms at >−20 mV), half‐maximal activation was −23.6 mV, and decayed mono‐exponentially with a time constant 70–110 ms. Maximal amplitudes of KA were almost 10‐times larger than those of KDR, their respective densities were 8.5 and 0.97 μS μm−2. Tetraethylammonium, 5 mM, blocked KDR but not KA, whereas both currents were depressed by 5 mM 4‐aminopyridine. In current‐clamp recordings, 4‐action potential but not tetraethylammonium abolished firing delay suggesting the causative role of KA. Thus, the predominance of fast KA over other somatic currents is a distinctive feature of delayed firing neurons among all other types of substantia gelatinosa neurons and likely explains the appearance of their typical firing delay. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Powerful learning with public purpose
Authors: Cervone Barbara 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBoredom and failure combine in a toxic brew that propels too many young people off the graduation path. Research shows that engaged students are more likely to perform well academically, that students who are challenged are less likely to be bored and disengaged, and that high‐quality instruction and meaningful activities are key factors in promoting a culture of engagement and achievement in and outside the classroom. With data and real‐world examples, the author shows how students and their communities are benefiting from collaborative student‐led projects. These projects stem from What Kids Can Do, a program that advocates for learning that engages students as knowledge creators and that promotes young people as valued resources and critical voices in policy debates about school, society, and world affairs.
Joining forces: The benefits of integrating schools and community providers
Authors: Bathgate Kelly , Silva Elena 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReforms aimed at expanding learning for low‐income children must do more than add hours and days to the school year; they must push beyond the traditional boundaries of school‐based learning and find ways to maximize and integrate the assets that cities, districts, and communities can offer. This article reviews research on how schools are using extended learning time to promote student engagement and achievement. A key finding is that successful efforts use partnerships with outside organizations to provide academic support and enrichment activities that build students' skills and connections with an expanded network of supportive adults. The challenge is to ensure that these partnerships are not mere add‐ons, designed only to plug extracurricular holes and seen as peripheral to the core academic work of schools. They must be part of a larger system that integrates in‐school and out‐of‐school learning and improves outcomes for youth.
College knowledge: A critical component of college and career readiness
Authors: Hooker Sarah , Brand Betsy 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPolicy has traditionally emphasized the completion of academic requirements as the gateway to postsecondary education. There is, however, growing understanding that youth need to develop a wide range of knowledge, skills, abilities, and personal resources for career success, civic engagement, and lifelong learning. It also is necessary to address the social, informational, and financial barriers to college that many first‐generation and low‐income youth come up against. Allowing youth to participate in programs that provide access to college campuses and classes, through dual or concurrent enrollment, early college models, or expanded learning opportunities, is an effective way to help students gain college knowledge and see themselves as college students. This article offers an expanded definition of college and career readiness and profiles three programs drawn from a larger review of twenty‐three programs designed to support college and career success for students from underrepresented groups.
Expanding the pathway to postsecondary success: How recuperative back‐on‐track schools are making a difference
Authors: Steinberg Adria , Almeida Cheryl A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDistricts and states that have begun to get traction in improving their graduation rates are pursuing a reform agenda that includes both the redesign of failing high schools and the development of multiple alternative pathways that help young people get back on track to graduation and to postsecondary education. Unlike traditional alternative education, new back‐on‐track models assume that challenge, not remediation, will make the most difference, especially for youth who are over age for grade and far behind in accumulating the credits they need. The goal is for students to make up for lost time by accelerating their learning so that they can complete high school and move successfully to postsecondary education and careers. Although these small schools do not in themselves constitute a replacement or transformation strategy for large low‐performing high schools, they are a necessary part of a comprehensive approach to turning such schools around.
Risk Factors and Outcomes for Anastomotic Leakage in Colorectal Surgery: A Single‐Institution Analysis of 1576 Patients
Authors: Boccola Mark A. , Buettner Petra G. , Rozen Warren M. , Siu Simon K. , Stevenson Andrew R. L. , Stitz Russell , Ho Yik‐Hong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundAnastomotic leakage is associated with high mortality, high reoperation rate, and increased hospital length of stay. Although many studies have examined the risk factors for anastomotic leak, large prospective series that report on long‐term survival rates are lacking.MethodsData of 1576 patients who underwent primary resection and anastomosis for colorectal adenocarcinoma at a single institution from 1984 to 2004 were prospectively collected. Anastomotic leaks (LEK) were classified as radiological (RAD), local (LOC), or generalised (GEN). Logistic regression analysis of 21 variables was undertaken. Overall survival, cancer‐related survival, and disease‐free survival were analysed using the Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsMean age of the patients was 67 years (SD = 12.5) and 834 (52.9%) were male. An LEK was more likely when relatively major gynaecological (tubo‐oophorectomy, P = 0.004; hysterectomy, P = 0.006) or urological (total cystectomy, P = 0.014) procedures were performed during the same operative session. Other significant factors were anterior resection (P < 0.001), anastomosis using an intraluminal stapling device (P = 0.005), abdominal drain via laparoscopic port (P = 0.024), postoperative blood transfusion (P < 0.001), primary cancer site at the rectum (P = 0.016), and TNM stage of T2 or higher (P = 0.026). Having an LEK showed significant impact on overall (P = 0.021), cancer‐related (P = 0.006), and disease‐free (P = 0.001) survival.ConclusionIn this prospective study, advanced tumour stage, distal site, and need for postoperative blood transfusion were associated with increased rates of anastomotic leakage. In addition to their high risk of immediate postoperative morbidity and mortality, both localized and generalized leaks had similarly negative impacts on overall, cancer‐related, and disease‐free survival.
Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil and Extracts of Piper chaba Hunter Against Phytopathogenic Fungi
Authors: Rahman Atiqur , Al‐Reza Sharif M. , Kang Sun Chul 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe efficacy of the essential oil and various leaf extracts of Piper chaba Hunter was evaluated for controlling the growth of some important phytopathogenic fungi. The hydrodistilled essential oil was analysed by GC–MS. Fifty‐three compounds representing 95.1% of the total oil were identified, of which α‐humulene (16.4%), caryophyllene oxide (12.2%), viridiflorol (8.1%), globulol (7.4%), β‐selinene (7.1%), spathulenol (6.2%), (E)‐nerolidol (5.1%), linalool (4.5%) and 3‐pentanol (3.5%) were the major compounds. The oil (1,000 ppm) and organic extracts (1,500 ppm) of P. chaba Hunter displayed a great potential of antifungal activity as a growth inhibition against the tested phytopathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum KACC 41083, Phytophthora capsici KACC 40157, Colletotrichum capsici KACC 410978, Fusarium solani KACC 41092 and Rhizoctonia solani KACC 40111 in the range of 55.1–70.3% and minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 125 to 500 μg/ml. The oil had also a strong detrimental effect on spore germination of all the tested fungi along with concentration as well as time‐dependent kinetic inhibition of P. capsici. The results obtained from this study may contribute to the development of new antifungal agents to protect crops from fungal diseases.
Creationism and the Teaching of Evolution in Poland
Authors: Borczyk Bartosz 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
For many years, the creationist movement in Poland was so marginal that the term “creationism” and its foundations were largely unknown within society. Nevertheless, at the end of the 1980s and beginning of the 1990s, the country underwent rapid political, economic, and sociological transformation. As part of the reaction, many ideas previously censored by the Communist regime became fashionable. This was also partly true for the creationist movement. However, creationism did not gain high acceptance within society, partly because Poland is predominantly a Catholic country, and Catholic doctrine does not support literal understanding of the Bible. At the moment, Intelligent Design creationists are emerging in Poland, and numerous creationist organizations are increasing their activity. This goes together with the weakening of evolutionary teaching in Polish schools.
CYP1A1 polymorphism in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Akgül Sinem , Derman Orhan , Alikaşifoğlu Mehmet , Aktaş Dilek 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the rates of the CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphism in Turkish adolescent females.MethodsThe CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphism was analyzed by collecting DNA samples from 44 adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)—according to the Rotterdam criteria—and 120 healthy female controls aged 13–18 years in Ankara, Turkey.ResultsThere was a 2.5‐fold increase in the frequency of the CYP1A1 Ile/Val genotype in adolescents with PCOS compared with the control group (odds ratio [OR] 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.143–5.637; P < 0.001), in addition to a 2.4‐fold increase in the frequency of the Val allele (OR 2.43; 95% CI, 1.099–5.397; P < 0.001).ConclusionThe data show an association between CYP1A1 and PCOS, indicating that variant alleles of the gene may affect the metabolic and transport pathway of estrogens, thus causing PCOS.
Reliability and Agreement of Hip Range of Motion and Provocative Physical Examination Tests in Asymptomatic Volunteers
Authors: Prather Heidi , Harris‐Hayes Marcie , Hunt Devyani M. , Steger‐May Karen , Mathew Vinta , Clohisy John C. 
Published: October 2010

ObjectiveTo: (1) report passive hip range of motion (ROM) in asymptomatic young adults, (2) report the intratester and intertester reliability of hip ROM measurements among testers of multiple disciplines, and (3) report the results of provocative hip tests and tester agreement.DesignDescriptive epidemiology study.SettingTertiary university.ParticipantsTwenty‐eight young adult volunteers without musculoskeletal symptoms, history of disorder, or surgery involving the lumbar spine or lower extremities were enrolled and completed the study.MethodsAsymptomatic young adult volunteers completed questionnaires and were examined by 2 blinded examiners during a single session. The testers were physical therapists and physicians. Hip ROM and provocative tests were completed by both examiners on each hip.Main Outcome MeasurementsInter‐rater and intrarater reliability for ROM and agreement for provocative tests were determined.ResultsTwenty‐eight asymptomatic adults, mean age 31 years (range, 18‐51 years), with a mean modified Harris Hip Score of 99.5 ± 1.5 and UCLA activity score of 8.8 ± 1.2 completed the study. Intrarater agreement was excellent for all hip ROM measurements, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranging from 0.76 to 0.97, with similar agreement if the examiner was a physical therapist or a physician. Excellent inter‐rater reliability was found for hip flexion ICC 0.87 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.78‐0.92), supine internal rotation ICC 0.75 (95% CI 0.60‐0.84), and prone internal rotation ICC 0.79 (95% CI 0.66‐0.87). The least reliable measurements were supine hip abduction (ICC 0.34) and supine external rotation (ICC 0.18). Agreement between examiners ranged from 96% to 100% for provocative hip tests, which included the hip impingement, resisted straight leg raise, Flexion Abduction External Rotation/Patrick, and log roll tests.ConclusionsSpecific hip ROM measures show excellent inter‐rater reliability, and provocative hip tests show good agreement among multiple examiners and medical disciplines. Further studies are needed to assess the use of these measurements and tests as a part of a hip screening examination to assess for young adults at risk for intra‐articular hip disorders before the onset of degenerative changes.