bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is ocular voltage propagation to the electroencephalogram frequency dependent?
Authors: Pham Trieu T. H. , Croft Rodney J. , Cadusch Peter J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractConventional eye correction methods subtract portions (propagation coefficients; Bs) of electrooculogram (EOG) voltages from the electroencephalogram (EEG). The frequency domain approach (FDA) uses different Bs for different frequencies whereas the time domain approach (TDA) uses the same Bs. To determine whether measured Bs are dependent on frequency and whether one should employ frequency‐dependent methods, 20 min of EEG from eye movement (EM) and blink data (24 participants) were recorded, and Bs were calculated for eye movement ERPs of differing signal‐to‐noise ratios for frequency bands ranging from 0 to 40 Hz and compared. At high signal to noise, EM Bs for different frequency bands did not differ, for both vertical and horizontal EOG, at all scalp sites tested. There were small differences in blink Bs for different bands, but smaller than the margin of error of this analysis. This indicates that TDA may be more appropriate than FDA.
Neurophysics of temporal discrimination in the rat: A mismatch negativity study
Authors: Roger Clémence , Hasbroucq Thierry , Rabat Arnaud , Vidal Franck , Burle BorÍs 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBehavioral estimates of time discrimination threshold on animals might be contaminated by the conditioning procedure used and by attentional effects. To avoid such side effects, we measured time discrimination by recording the rat electroencephalographic response to small temporal variations. Freely moving rats were presented with repetitive sounds, some of them being occasionally shorter than the standard, to produce a Mismatch Negativity (MMN) which is known to primarily involve preattentive processes. The smallest difference eliciting a MMN located the discrimination threshold between 16% and 33% of the standard, without attentional confound. Being observed in several species, MMN can be used to decipher both the phylogenetic and ontogenetic evolution of time discrimination, without attentional confound.
The effects of paced breathing on respiratory resistance are minimal in healthy individuals
Authors: Ritz Thomas , Dahme Bernhard 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPaced breathing has been criticized for its presumed influences on autonomic and respiratory regulation, among that on respiratory resistance. It has been speculated that excessive pulmonary stretch receptor activation through high tidal volume (VT) would be the mechanism underlying such influences. However, the idea of airway dilation by paced breathing has remained untested. We analyzed inspiratory and expiratory resistance measured by forced oscillations in 26 healthy participants during baseline and two paced breathing conditions, regular pacing with instructions to alter rate only and pacing with additional instructions to alter volume randomly throughout the task. In each condition, four 3‐min paced breathing trials at 8, 10.5, 13, and 18 breaths/min were administered. Despite pronounced changes in respiration rates and VT across pacing trials, neither inspiratory nor expiratory resistance were changed significantly under the regular paced breathing condition. A small reduction in resistance was only observed under conditions of variable volume at 18 breaths/min. Thus, regular paced breathing at different speeds across a range of naturally occurring breathing frequencies has only minimal effects on resistance of the airway passages.
Novel imine antioxidants at low nanomolar concentrations protect dopaminergic cells from oxidative neurotoxicity
Authors: Hajieva Parvana , Mocko Justyna B. , Moosmann Bernd , Behl Christian 
Published: May 2009

AbstractStrong evidence indicates that oxidative stress may be causally involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. We have employed human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells and rat primary mesencephalic neurons to assess the protective potential of three novel bisarylimine antioxidants on dopaminergic cell death induced by complex I inhibition or glutathione depletion. We have found that exceptionally low concentrations (EC50 values ∼20 nM) of these compounds (iminostilbene, phenothiazine, and phenoxazine) exhibited strong protective effects against the toxicities of MPP+, rotenone, and l‐buthionine sulfoximine. Investigating intracellular glutathione levels, it was found that MPP+, l‐buthionine sulfoximine, and rotenone disrupted different aspects of the native glutathione equilibrium, while the aromatic imines did not further influence glutathione levels or redox state on any baseline. However, the imines independently reduced protein oxidation and total oxidant flux, saved the mitochondrial membrane potential, and provided full cytoprotection under conditions of complete glutathione depletion. The unusually potent antioxidant effects of the bisarylimines could be reproduced in isolated mitochondria, which were instantly protected from lipid peroxidation and pathological swelling. Aromatic imines may be interesting lead structures for a potential antioxidant therapy of Parkinson’s disease and other disorders accompanied by glutathione dysregulation.
Cost Implications of Organizing Nursing Home Workforce in Teams
Authors: Mukamel Dana B. , Cai Shubing , Temkin‐Greener Helena 
Published: May 2009

Objective. To estimate the costs associated with formal and self‐managed daily practice teams in nursing homes.Data Sources/Study Setting. Medicaid cost reports for 135 nursing homes in New York State in 2006 and survey data for 6,137 direct care workers.Study Design. A retrospective statistical analysis: We estimated hybrid cost functions that include team penetration variables. Inference was based on robust standard errors.Data Collection. Formal and self‐managed team penetration (i.e., percent of staff working in a team) were calculated from survey responses. Annual variable costs, beds, case mix‐adjusted days, admissions, home care visits, outpatient clinic visits, day care days, wages, and ownership were calculated from the cost reports.Principal Findings. Formal team penetration was significantly associated with costs, while self‐managed teams penetration was not. Costs declined with increasing penetration up to 13 percent of formal teams, and increased above this level. Formal teams in nursing homes in the upward sloping range of the curve were more diverse, with a larger number of participating disciplines and more likely to include physicians.Conclusions. Organization of workforce in formal teams may offer nursing homes a cost‐saving strategy. More research is required to understand the relationship between team composition and costs.
Dual modulation of urinary bladder activity and urine flow by prostanoid EP3receptors in the conscious rat
Authors: Jugus MJ , Jaworski JP , Patra PB , Jin J , Morrow DM , Laping NJ , Edwards RM , Thorneloe KS 
Published: May 2009

Background and purpose: Cyclooxygenase inhibitors function to reduce levels of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and are broadly efficacious in models of bladder overactivity. We therefore investigated a regulation of urinary bladder function in conscious rats by modulation of the EP3receptor for PGE2.Experimental approach: The activity of the EP3receptor agonist GR63799X, and EP3receptor antagonists, CM9 and DG041, at recombinant EP3receptors was evaluatedin vitro.In vivo, intraduodenal dosing during conscious, continuous‐filling cystometry of spontaneously hypertensive rats was utilized to determine the urodynamic effect of EP3receptor modulation.Key results: GR63799X dose‐dependently (0.001–1 mg·kg−1) reduced bladder capacity, as indicated by a reduction in both the micturition interval and volume of urine per void. In contrast, CM9 (10 and 30 mg·kg−1) and DG041 (30 mg·kg−1) enhanced bladder capacity, as indicated by significantly longer micturition intervals and larger void volumes. CM9 and DG041 inhibited the responses to GR63799X supporting thein vivoactivity of these pharmacological agents at the EP3receptor. In addition to its effect on bladder capacity, GR63799X increased endogenous urine production. Intra‐arterial infusion of saline mimicked the enhancement of urine flow observed with GR63799X, and the response was inhibited by CM9.Conclusions and implications: These data support the EP3receptor as a modulator of urinary bladder activity in the conscious rat, and in addition, indicate a role for EP3receptor activity in regulating urine flow.
Acute Treatment of Intractable Migraine With Sphenopalatine Ganglion Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Tepper Stewart J. , Rezai Ali , Narouze Samer , Steiner Charles , Mohajer Pouya , Ansarinia Mehdi 
Published: May 2009

Background.— We report preliminary results of a novel acute treatment for intractable migraine. The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) has sensorimotor and autonomic components and is involved in migraine pathophysiology.Methods.— In 11 patients with medically refractory migraine, the sphenopalatine fossa was accessed with a 20‐gauge needle using the standard infrazygomatic transcoronoid approach under fluoroscopy. Patients underwent temporary unilateral electric stimulation of the SPG with a Medtronic 3057 test stimulation lead after induction of full‐blown migraine. Both sham and active stimulations with different settings were carried out for ≤60 minutes, and then the lead was removed.Results.— In 11 evaluations, 2 patients were pain‐free within 3 minutes of stimulation. Three had pain reduction; 5 had no response; 1 was not stimulated. Five patients had no pain relief. Stimulation settings: mean amplitude of 1.2V, mean pulse rate of 67 Hz, mean pulse width of 462 µs. Lack of headache relief appeared linked to suboptimal lead placement, poor physiologic sensory response to localization stimulation, and diagnosis of medication overuse headache.Conclusion.— This study suggests a possible role for SPG stimulation in the treatment of refractory migraine headaches.
Extreme College Drinking and Alcohol‐Related Injury Risk
Authors: Mundt Marlon P. , Zakletskaia Larissa I. , Fleming Michael F. 
Published: May 2009

Background:  Despite the enormous burden of alcohol‐related injuries, the direct connection between college drinking and physical injury has not been well understood. The goal of this study was to assess the connection between alcohol consumption levels and college alcohol‐related injury risk.Methods:  A total of 12,900 college students seeking routine care in 5 college health clinics completed a general Health Screening Survey. Of these, 2,090 students exceeded at‐risk alcohol use levels and participated in a face‐to‐face interview to determine eligibility for a brief alcohol intervention trial. The eligibility interview assessed past 28‐day alcohol use and alcohol‐related injuries in the past 6 months. Risk of alcohol‐related injury was compared across daily drinking quantities and frequencies. Logistic regression analysis and the Bayesian Information Criterion were applied to compute the odds of alcohol‐related injury based on daily drinking totals after adjusting for age, race, site, body weight, and sensation seeking.Results:  Male college students in the study were 19% more likely (95% CI: 1.12–1.26) to suffer an alcohol‐related injury with each additional day of consuming 8 or more drinks. Injury risks among males increased marginally with each day of consuming 5 to 7 drinks (odds ratio = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.94–1.13). Female participants were 10% more likely (95% CI: 1.04–1.16) to suffer an alcohol‐related injury with each additional day of drinking 5 or more drinks. Males (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.14–2.50) and females (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.27–2.57) with higher sensation‐seeking scores were more likely to suffer alcohol‐related injuries.Conclusions:  College health clinics may want to focus limited alcohol injury prevention resources on students who frequently engage in extreme drinking, defined in this study as 8+M/5+F drinks per day, and score high on sensation‐seeking disposition.
Sensitization of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons to the Stimulating Effects of Ethanol
Authors: Ding Zheng‐Ming , Rodd Zachary A. , Engleman Eric A. , McBride William J. 
Published: May 2009

Background: Previous studies indicated that chronic alcohol drinking increased the sensitivity of the posterior ventral tegmental area (p‐VTA) to the reinforcing effects of ethanol. The current study tested the hypothesis that local exposure of the p‐VTA to ethanol would increase the sensitivity of dopamine (DA) neurons to the stimulating effects of ethanol.Methods: Experiment 1 examined the stimulating effects of ethanol in the p‐VTA after a 7‐day ethanol pretreatment in the p‐VTA. Adult female Wistar rats were pretreated with microinjections of 200 mg% ethanol or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) into the p‐VTA once a day for 7 days. On the eighth day, rats received a challenge injection of ethanol (100, 200, or 300 mg%) or aCSF into the p‐VTA, and extracellular DA levels were measured in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell with microdialysis. Experiment 2 examined the stimulating effects of ethanol (200 mg%) after a 3‐ or 5‐day ethanol (200 mg%) pretreatment in the p‐VTA. Experiment 3 examined the stimulating effects of ethanol (200 mg%) 7 days after the last of the 7‐day ethanol (200 mg%) pretreatments in the p‐VTA.Results: Experiment 1: in both aCSF‐ and ethanol‐pretreated rats, the challenge microinjection of ethanol dose‐dependently increased DA release in the NAc shell, with significantly greater increases in ethanol‐pretreated groups. Experiment 2: the 5‐day, but not 3‐day, ethanol pretreatment protocol increased the response of p‐VTA dopamine neurons to the ethanol challenge. Experiment 3: the increased stimulating effects of ethanol were still evident after 7 days.Conclusions: The results indicate that repeated local ethanol exposure of the p‐VTA produced neuroadaptations in DA neurons projecting to the NAc shell, resulting in a persistent increase in the sensitivity of these neurons to the stimulating effects of ethanol.
A Double‐Blind Trial of Gabapentin Versus Lorazepam in the Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal
Authors: Myrick Hugh , Malcolm Robert , Randall Patrick K. , Boyle Elizabeth , Anton Raymond F. , Becker Howard C. , Randall Carrie L. 
Published: May 2009

Introduction:  Some anticonvulsants ameliorate signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, but have an unacceptable side effect burden. Among the advantages of using anticonvulsant agents in this capacity is their purported lack of interaction with alcohol that could increase psychomotor deficits, increase cognitive impairment, or increase intoxication. The aim of this study was to evaluate alcohol use and symptom reduction of gabapentin when compared with lorazepam in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal in a double‐blinded randomized clinical trial.Methods:  One hundred individuals seeking outpatient treatment of alcohol withdrawal with Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol–Revised (CIWA‐Ar) ratings ≥10 were randomized to double‐blind treatment with 2 doses of gabapentin (900 mg tapering to 600 mg or 1200 tapering to 800 mg) or lorazepam (6 mg tapering to 4 mg) for 4 days. Severity of alcohol withdrawal was measured by the CIWA‐Ar on days 1 to 4 of treatment and on days 5, 7, and 12 post‐treatment and alcohol use monitored by verbal report and breath alcohol levels.Results:  CIWA‐Ar scores decreased over time in all groups; high‐dose gabapentin was statistically superior but clinically similar to lorazepam (p = 0.009). During treatment, lorazepam‐treated participants had higher probabilities of drinking on the first day of dose decrease (day 2) and the second day off medication (day 6) compared to gabapentin‐treated participants (p = 0.0002). Post‐treatment, gabapentin‐treated participants had less probability of drinking during the follow‐up post‐treatment period (p = 0.2 for 900 mg and p = 0.3 for 1200 mg) compared to the lorazepam‐treated participants (p = 0.55). The gabapentin groups also had less craving, anxiety, and sedation compared to lorazepam.Conclusions:  Gabapentin was well tolerated and effectively diminished the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal in our population especially at the higher target dose (1200 mg) used in this study. Gabapentin reduced the probability of drinking during alcohol withdrawal and in the immediate postwithdrawal week compared to lorazepam.
Screening for Hazardous Drinking Using the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test–Geriatric Version (MAST‐G) in Elderly Persons With Acute Cerebrovascular Accidents
Authors: Johnson‐Greene Doug , McCaul Mary E. , Roger Patricia 
Published: May 2009

Background:  Effective and valid screening methods are needed to identify hazardous drinking in elderly persons with new onset acute medical illness. The goal of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test–Geriatric Version (MAST‐G) in identifying hazardous drinking among elderly patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) and to compare the effectiveness of 2 shorter versions of the MAST‐G with the full instrument.Methods:  The study sample included 100 men and women who averaged 12 days posthemorrhagic or ischemic CVA admitted to a rehabilitation unit and who were at least 50 years of age and free of substance use other than alcohol. This cross‐sectional validation study compared the 24‐item full MAST‐G, the 10‐item Short MAST‐G (SMAST‐G), and a 2‐item regression analysis derived Mini MAST‐G (MMAST‐G) to the reference standard of hazardous drinking during the past 3 months. Alcohol use was collected using the Timeline Followback (TLFB). Recent and lifetime alcohol‐related consequences were collected using the Short Inventory of Problems (SIP).Results:  Nearly one‐third (28%) of the study sample met the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for hazardous drinking. Moderately strong associations were found for the MAST‐G, SMAST‐G, and MMAST‐G with alcohol quantity and frequency and recent and lifetime alcohol consequences. All 3 MAST‐G versions could differentiate hazardous from nonhazardous drinkers and had nearly identical area under the curve characteristics. Comparable sensitivity was found across the 3 MAST‐G measures. The optimal screening threshold for hazardous drinking was 5 for the MAST‐G, 2 for the SMAST‐G, and 1 for the MMAST‐G.Conclusions:  The 10‐item SMAST‐G and 2‐item MMAST‐G are brief screening tests that show comparable effectiveness in detecting hazardous drinking in elderly patients with acute CVA compared with the full 24‐item MAST‐G. Implications for research and clinical practice are discussed.
Outcome management in in‐patient psychiatric care
Authors: Puschner B. , Schöfer D. , Knaup C. , Becker T. 
Published: May 2009

Objective:  To delineate methods and to describe patient appraisal as well as effect of outcome management in in‐patient psychiatric care.Method:  Two hundred and ninety‐four adults with mental illness receiving in‐patient treatment at a psychiatric hospital in rural Bavaria gave informed consent to participate in this cluster‐randomised trial. Participants were asked to provide information on treatment outcome via weekly computerised standardised assessments. Patients and clinicians in the intervention group received continuous feedback of outcome.Results:  Patients were willing and able to regularly provide outcome data and valued feedback. However, use of feedback in conversations between patient and clinician was rare. Outcome management failed to impact on patient‐rated outcome during in‐patient treatment.Conclusion:  Outcome management is feasible in people receiving in‐patient psychiatric care, but failed to show an overall short‐term effect. Strategies need to be developed to improve active use of routinely collected treatment outcome data in mental health care.
Ingroup perception and responses to stigma among persons with mental illness
Authors: Rüsch N. , Corrigan P. W. , Wassel A. , Michaels P. , Olschewski M. , Wilkniss S. , Batia K. 
Published: May 2009

Objective:  Mental illness stigma is common, but it is unclear why it affects some individuals more than others. We tested the hypothesis that the way persons with mental illness perceive their ingroup (people with mental illness) in terms of group value, group identification and entitativity (perception of the ingroup as a coherent unit) shapes their reaction to stigma.Method:  Ingroup perceptions, perceived legitimacy of discrimination and reactions to stigma (educating or helping others, social performance, secrecy, social distance, hopelessness) were assessed among 85 people with mental illness using questionnaires and a standardized role‐play test.Results:  Controlling for depression and perceived discrimination, high group value and low perceived legitimacy of discrimination predicted positive reactions to stigma. High group identification and entitativity predicted positive reactions only in the context of high group value or low perceived legitimacy of discrimination.Conclusion:  Group value and perceived legitimacy of discrimination may be useful targets to help people with mental illness to better cope with stigma.
Preliminary results of a fine‐grain analysis of mood swings and treatment modalities of bipolar I and II patients using the daily prospective life‐chart‐methodology
Authors: Born C. , Seitz N.‐N. , Grunze H. , Vieta E. , Dittmann S. , Seemüller F. , Amann B. 
Published: May 2009

Objective:  The study aimed to increase the knowledge about the detailed course differences between different forms of bipolar disorder.Method:  Using the prospective life‐chart‐clinician version, we compared the fine‐grain analysis of mood swings and treatment modalities of 18 bipolar II with 31 bipolar I patients.Results:  During an observational period of a mean of 26 months we observed an increase of euthymic days, and a decrease of (sub)depressive and (hypo)manic days. Days in a (sub)depressed state were more frequent than days of (hypo)mania as well as days of subdepression or hypomania in comparison to days of full‐blown depression or mania. Bipolar II patients showed an increase in hypomanic days receiving more frequently antidepressants. Bipolar I patients, with a decrease of manic days, were significantly taking more often mood stabilizers.Conclusion:  Treatment in a specialized bipolar clinic improves the overall outcome, but bipolar II disorder seems to be still treated sub‐optimally with a possible iatrogenic increase of hypomanic days.
Investigation of contact allergy to dental metals in 206 patients
Authors: Raap Ulrike , Stiesch Meike , Reh Heidi , Kapp Alexander , Werfel Thomas 
Published: May 2009

Background:  Contact allergy to dental materials is poorly understood; clinical manifestations are heterogeneous.Objective:  To analyse positive patch test reactions to metals (as their alloys or salts) used in dentistry together with clinical symptoms and possible relevance to dental fillings.Methods:  We retrospectively analysed 206 patients who underwent patch testing with metals used in dentistry because of suspected contact allergy to them.Results:  Twenty‐eight of 206 patients had positive patch test reactions to metals used in dentistry. The number of positive patch test reactions was highest for gold sodium thiosulfate, palladium chloride, and nickel sulfate (n = 10, respectively), followed by amalgam, ammoniated mercury, and cobalt chloride (n = 4, respectively) and amalgam‐mixed metals (including copper, tin, zinc, and silicon), and ammonium tetrachloroplatinate (n = 1). Only 14 (7%) of 206 patients had a clinically relevant contact allergy with conditions of the oral mucosa (n = 7 with lichen planus and n = 7 with stomatitis) and positive patch test reactions to dental metals containing the suspected allergen. Improvement of symptoms was assessed in one patient with amalgam contact allergy 2 weeks after removal of dental fillings.Conclusions:  Clinically relevant contact allergies to dental metals are infrequent. Gold sodium thiosulfate and palladium chloride presented the most frequent contact allergens.