bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Developments in Chitosan‐Based Hydrogels for Water and Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Zhang Ziao , Lu Yujie , Zhao Yiman , Cui Lijuan , Xu Chao , Wu Shuping 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe global shortage of fresh water is a critical issue, especially in regions with limited rainfall. Developing reliable water and wastewater treatment technologies is urgent. Among the available methods, adsorption stands out as a highly effective, straightforward, and cost‐efficient approach. It avoids the use of additional chemicals and reduces the risk of contaminating water source with undesirable by‐products. Chitosan (CS)‐based hydrogels have gained attention for their excellent adsorption capacities for pollutants and water. These materials are also known for their bioavailability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental friendliness, making them promising candidates for water and wastewater treatment. This comprehensive review explores recent advancements in the use of CS‐based hydrogels for various applications, including pollutant removal, oil‐water separation, seawater desalination, and atmospheric water condensation. It highlights the benefits of this material in wastewater treatment, providing a broader understanding of their potential for the research community. The review also focuses on the synthesis and modification techniques of these hydrogels, such as cross‐linking, grafting, and ion imprinting, which significantly enhance their adsorption performance and mechanical stability. Additionally, the challenges faced by CS‐based hydrogels in practical applications are discussed, along with potential solutions. The paper concludes by forecasting future directions in this field, offering valuable insights for researchers. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art of CS‐based hydrogels for water treatment applications, offering valuable insights into their effective utilization for water and wastewater treatment, and emphasizing their potential to address global water pollution challenges.
Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Leaf‐Derived N/O‐Rich Doped Porous Carbons
Authors: Du Boao , Zheng Lihui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis research focuses on the field of supercapacitor electrode materials. Using Rhus typhina leaves as the starting material, it innovatively applies a mixed activator composed of K2CO3 and ZnCl2 and successfully prepares O/N self‐doped leaf‐derived porous carbon electrode materials (TLMPC‐x) through a precisely controlled two‐step carbonization‐activation method. The aim is to develop a new type of electrode material that combines excellent performance, environmental friendliness, and the advantage of low cost, and to deeply explore the mechanism of the effect of the activator ratio on the specific surface area and electrochemical performance of the materials. Among them, TLMPC‐1.0 remarkably exhibits a specific surface area as high as 2827.9 m2 g−1. Its abundant and multi‐level pore structure complements well with the diverse heteroatom doping. During the electrochemical performance test in the KOH electrolyte system, the specific capacitance of this material excellently reaches 335.3 F g−1, and the capacitance retention rate is stably maintained at 69%. When the power density is 250 W kg−1, an energy density of 9.45 Wh kg−1 can be achieved. Moreover, after 20 000 charge–discharge cycles, its capacitance retention rate is still as high as 96.4%, demonstrating extremely excellent electrochemical performance and ultra‐stable cycle stability.
Methanolysis of Fluoropyridine Aminals
Authors: Koidan Georgyi , Zahorulko Serhii , Filimonchuk Serhii , Shishkina Svitlana , Rusanov Eduard B. , Kostyuk Aleksandr 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA series of fluoropyridines featuring a N,N,N’‐trimethyl, N’‐trimethylsilylaminal group were subjected to methanolysis. The methanolysis carried out at room temperature yielded a mixture of products. The aminal group was transformed into a methylimine group and ensuing dimethylamine substituted (or not) a fluorine atom. A relative content of pyridine methylimines with dimethylamino group and without it was determined for all fluoropyridines. Additionally, these compounds were hydrolyzed into aldehydes. This work presents a novel and efficient methodology for synthesizing important scaffolds found in various drug candidates and biologically relevant compounds.
Mechanistic Insights and Advances in Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces for Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2 Products
Authors: Chen Jie , Xiao Yukun , Da Yumin , Chen Ganwen , Sun Yi‐Yang , Wang Lei , Zhang Jia , Chen Wei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTElectrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECR) is a promising approach to converting CO2 into chemicals and fuels. Among the ECR products, C2 products such as ethylene, ethanol, and acetate have been extensively studied due to their high industrial demands. However, the mechanistic understanding of C2 product formation remains unclear due to the lack of in situ or operando measurements that can observe the complex and instantaneous atomic evolutions of adsorbates at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Moreover, the sensitivity of ECR reactions to variations at the interface further widens the gap between mechanistic understanding and performance enhancement. To bridge this gap, first‐principle studies provide insights into how the interface influences ECR. In this study, we present a review of mechanistic studies investigating the effects of various factors at the interface, with an emphasis on the C2 product formation. We begin by introducing ECR and the essential metrics. Next, we discuss the factors classified by their components at the interface, namely, electrocatalyst, electrolyte, and adsorbates, respectively, and their effects on the C2 product formation. Due to the interplay among these factors, we aim to deconvolute the influence of each factor and clearly demonstrate their impacts. Finally, we outline the promising directions for mechanistic studies of C2 products.
Building management capability for clinical veterinary organisations—An Australian pilot study
Authors: Liang Zhanming , Hompas Taleta 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundVeterinary care is facing critical levels of attrition that challenge its sustainability in the provision of standards of care. A competent and skilled management workforce, along with enhanced organisational structures and procedures, is essential to effectively address the challenges that veterinary organisations face today and in the future.MethodsThe pilot study adapted the Management Competency Assessment Partnership (MCAP) tool to collect data from 35 mid‐level and senior managers working in five veterinary organisations in Australia via an online survey to understand their competency development needs and the obstacles that they were facing in the management roles. Univariate analyses, Pearson correlations, Kaiser‒Meyer‒Olkin test and Bartlett's test of sphericity were performed.ResultsThis study confirmed that the MCAP tool maintained good internal consistency and identified competency gaps that managers in the five veterinary organisations should consider addressing. The study confirmed the positive correlation between informal management‐related training and self‐study on management issues and self‐perceived management competency level. The results supported the need for veterinary organisations to provide management training to foster a culture of continuous improvement and life‐long learning among veterinary managers.ConclusionsThis study highlighted the core elements essential for the building management capacity of veterinary care services and organisations. It also validated the value of management competency self‐assessment in identifying the development needs of managers, demonstrating how the management development framework adapted from the human healthcare sector can guide the development of a competent management workforce for veterinary care.
Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs)
Authors: De Poli Matteo 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Phänomen der Erstangebote von Kryptowährungen, sprich sog. „Initial Coin Offerings“ oder „ICOs“, und, allgemein, mit den Erstangeboten von Kryptowerten – auch im Lichte der Bestimmungen der kürzlich erlassenen Verordnung (EU) 2023/1114. Nach einer kurzen Beschreibung des Phänomens konzentriert sich der Text auf die Verpflichtungen, die Personen auferlegt werden, die der Öffentlichkeit neue Kryptowerte anzubieten gedenken, und insbesondere auch auf die Funktionen und die Merkmale des sog. „Whitepapers“, eines Informationsdokuments, das in vielerlei Hinsicht an das Prospekt für öffentliche Wertpapierangebote der Verordnung (EU) 2017/1129 erinnert.
Enhancing fire resistance in pine wood through DMDHEU resin and phosphate-nitrogen flame retardant synergies
Authors: Wu Muting , Emmerich Lukas , Militz Holger 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wood modification with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) has been widely demonstrated to enhance the biological durability and dimension stability of wood, thus it serves a predestined technology to equip wooden products for outdoor applications. However, such technology hardly affects the fire performance of wood, a parameter which gains increasing relevance in the construction sector. Recently, the combination of curing resins with flame retardants has been proposed as a potential approach to enhance the fire performance of wood in a permanent way, hence providing a durable fire protection system. Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) was impregnated with aqueous compositions of DMDHEU, a commercially available phosphate-nitrogen based fire retardant (adapted for wooden applications) and combinations thereof. The fixation of the flame retardant was assessed on the basis of a cold water leaching process according to EN 84 (2020). The fire performance of the treated wood was assessed through thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), a Bunsen burner ignition test and mass loss calorimeter. Both wood treated with pure flame retardant and combination of a flame retardant and DMDHEU, demonstrated improvements in thermal stability, reduced flammability and decreased heat release after treatment. Notably, the THR600s of wood treated with DMDHEU in combination with the flame retardant was reduced by 89.3% compared to wood treated solely with DMDHEU. However, after the leaching process, the flame retardant happened to leach out almost completely, which was assessed on the basis of a loss in its efficacy related to fire protection. On the contrary, DMDHEU seemed to partially fix the flame retardant inside the wood matrix, which was derived from a persistent enhancement in fire performance, even after wooden specimens passed a cold water leaching.
Simulation of the electrical resistance sintering process by means of finite difference in a spreadsheet
Authors: Montes Juan Manuel , Ternero Fátima 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, a theoretical model for the metal powder consolidation technique known as Electrical Resistance Sintering (ERS) is proposed and validated. This technique consists of the consolidation of a mass of metal powder by the simultaneous action of pressure and the passage of a high intensity electric current. This electric current heats the powder mass by the Joule effect, while softening it so that the imposed pressure causes its densification. The proposed model meets the set objective of seeking the greatest possible simplicity, without ignoring the key aspects of the technique. In line with this simplicity, the proposed model has a one-dimensional character and is solved numerically by means of Finite Difference through a simulator implemented in the Microsoft Excel™ spreadsheet environment, programming in VBA, with computation times not exceeding 5 min. The adopted strategy takes into account the strong electrical–mechanical-thermal coupling present in the process. The sensors incorporated in the ERS equipment allow the recording of the data necessary to construct the evolution curves of the global porosity and the thermal energy released. The theoretical predictions provided by the simulator have been compared with experimental curves obtained from the electrical consolidation experiments with commercially pure iron powder. Discrepancies between experimental and theoretical values for final global porosity are around 5% (although approaching 20% in the vicinity of critical conditions) and those for final specific thermal energy do not exceed 7%. The reasonable agreement between the experimental and theoretical curves gives confidence that the model, despite its simplifications, reproduces the main characteristics of the process.
Bovine serum albumin nanoparticles encapsulating Dasatinib and Celecoxib for oral cancer: Preparation, characterization, and in-vitro evaluation
Authors: Aly Ghadeer AbouBakr , Sabra Sally A. , Haroun Medhat , Helmy Maged W. , Moussa Nermine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a diverse complex disease. Despite the ever-expanding repertoire of anti-cancer treatments, the outcomes are often inadequate highlighting the urgent need for innovative approaches. In this regard, co-targeting signaling pathways such as Src and COX-2 have attracted growing attention in several cancers, but co-inhibition of these two pathways using dasatinib and celecoxib has not been explored in oral cancer. However, the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs is limited due to their low aqueous solubility. Nanoencapsulation can improve this by utilizing naturally available proteins due to their ease of fabrication and biocompatibility. In this sense, this study aimed at preparing and characterizing dastatinib (DAS)/celecoxib (CXB)-loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles as well as investigating their potential anticancer effects in vitro on SCC-4 oral cancer cell line. DAS/CXB-loaded BSA nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated by the desolvation method, then characterized in terms of their hydrodynamic particle size, zeta potential, morphology and in vitro drug release. The IC50 was determined via the MTT assay. Cyclin D1, COX-2, p-Src and FAK protein expression levels were determined using ELISA while active caspase-3 was determined colorimetrically. DAS/CXB-loaded BSA NPs exhibited particle size of 336.6 ± 1.098 nm with low PDI value of 0.211 ± 0.019 and zeta potential of -35.0 ± 4.03 mV. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxicity study revealed decreased IC50 value in case of the dual drug-loaded NPs compared to all treated groups, with significant decrease in the expression levels of cyclin D1, COX-2, p-Src and FAK proteins, besides, increased caspase-3 level. The findings suggest that DAS/CXB-loaded BSA NPs could serve as a drug delivery platform with increased antitumor effectiveness.
Three-Cuts are a Charm: Acyclicity in 3-Connected Cubic Graphs
Authors: Kardoš František , Máčajová Edita , Zerafa Jean Paul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Let G be a bridgeless cubic graph. In 2023, the three authors solved a conjecture (also known as the

$$S_4$$

S
4

-Conjecture) made by Mazzuoccolo in 2013: there exist two perfect matchings of G such that the complement of their union is a bipartite subgraph of G. They actually show that given any

$$1^+$$

1
+

-factor F (a spanning subgraph of G such that its vertices have degree at least 1) and an arbitrary edge e of G, there exists a perfect matching M of G containing e such that

$$G\setminus (F\cup M)$$

G
\
(
F
∪
M
)

is bipartite. This is a step closer to comprehend better the Fan–Raspaud Conjecture and eventually the Berge–Fulkerson Conjecture. The

$$S_4$$

S
4

-Conjecture, now a theorem, is also the weakest assertion in a series of three conjectures made by Mazzuoccolo in 2013, with the next stronger statement being: there exist two perfect matchings of G such that the complement of their union is an acyclic subgraph of G. Unfortunately, this conjecture is not true: Jin, Steffen, and Mazzuoccolo later showed that there exists a counterexample admitting 2-cuts. Here we show that, despite of this, every cyclically 3-edge-connected cubic graph satisfies this second conjecture.
What is the nature of cache memory in Parids? A comment on Chettih et al. 2024
Authors: Smulders Tom V. , Cheng Sen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recent findings by Chettih et al. (Cell 187: 1922–1935, 2024) from electrophysiological recordings in the hippocampus of black-capped chickadees shed light on the debate about how food-hoarding Parids may remember their cache sites. When birds retrieve caches, a “bar code” is reactivated, which is very similar to the code generated when the same cache was made. The current evidence suggests that this bar code is only triggered after the bird starts to retrieve the cache, and not in anticipation. This finding is more consistent with cued recall than with free recall of cache locations.
Simplifying and Characterizing DAGs and Phylogenetic Networks via Least Common Ancestor Constraints
Authors: Lindeberg Anna , Hellmuth Marc 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rooted phylogenetic networks, or more generally, directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), are widely used to model species or gene relationships that traditional rooted trees cannot fully capture, especially in the presence of reticulate processes or horizontal gene transfers. Such networks or DAGs are typically inferred from observable data (e.g., genomic sequences of extant species), providing only an estimate of the true evolutionary history. However, these inferred DAGs are often complex and difficult to interpret. In particular, many contain vertices that do not serve as least common ancestors (LCAs) for any subset of the underlying genes or species, thus may lack direct support from the observable data. In contrast, LCA vertices are witnessed by historical traces justifying their existence and thus represent ancestral states substantiated by the data. To reduce unnecessary complexity and eliminate unsupported vertices, we aim to simplify a DAG to retain only LCA vertices while preserving essential evolutionary information. In this paper, we characterize

$$\textrm{LCA}$$

LCA

-relevant and

$$\textrm{lca}$$

lca

-relevant DAGs, defined as those in which every vertex serves as an LCA (or unique LCA) for some subset of taxa. We introduce methods to identify LCAs in DAGs and efficiently transform any DAG into an

$$\textrm{LCA}$$

LCA

-relevant or

$$\textrm{lca}$$

lca

-relevant one while preserving key structural properties of the original DAG or network. This transformation is achieved using a simple operator “

$$\ominus $$

⊖

” that mimics vertex suppression.
The lived experience of active surveillance for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-synthesis
Authors: Briggs Russell J. , Dunn Jeff , Chambers Suzanne K. , Jakimowicz Samantha , Green Anna , Heneka Nicole 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Active surveillance is a widely accepted treatment option for some localised prostate cancers. However, concerns have been raised about the experiences of men on this treatment given that almost 40% will discontinue without clinical indications. The objective of this review was to identify the lived experience of men on active surveillance.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-synthesis, according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they reported qualitative data exploring the experiences of men undertaking active surveillance. Thomas and Harden’s approach was undertaken for data synthesis.

Results
Five databases were searched identifying 3226 articles, and 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Two overarching analytical themes were identified: (i) men on active surveillance live with a lack of certainty; and (ii) re-establishing agency drives resilience and facilitates confidence in active surveillance. Lack of certainty on active surveillance is derived from men feeling a loss of control over their health and/or lives. This induces a stress response of ongoing worry and anxiety and loss of agency, further driving the stress cycle. Re-establishing agency alleviates the stress response, promotes resilience, and facilitates confidence in active surveillance.

Conclusions
The experience of active surveillance is underpinned by ongoing lack of certainty diminishing agency and driving cyclical stress.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
It is essential that health professionals better support men to establish and maintain confidence in active surveillance. Further research into men’s perspectives of interventions and strategies that best facilitate agency and effectively support them is warranted.
Ergodic theory for monotone Reich–Suzuki type nonexpansive operators
Authors: Bejenaru Andreea , Postolache Mihai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A recent study on nonexpansive monotone operators on partially ordered Banach spaces revealed that the sequence of Cesàro means converges to a fixed point, but also plays an instrumental role in the convergence analysis of the Picard successive approximations. Throughout this paper we provide a new iterative construction of Krasnoselskii type, as alternative to the ergodic iteration, that also supports the analysis of the Picard iterative sequence. Moreover, this study considers a wider class of monotone nonexpansive mappings, namely Reich–Suzuki type nonexpansive operators. Finally, a numerical simulation is provided by polynomiographic methods, so as to confirm the intuitive conclusions about the higher efficiency of the Picard iteration and the Krasnoselskii iteration compared to the ergodic procedure.
Factors which influence young people’s experience of gaelic games. A secondary analysis of results from a large cross-sectional national study
Authors: McKay M. T. , Donnelly P. , Lane A. , Horgan P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Enjoyment of sport is an important factor in preventing dropout or drop off. Using a cross-sectional design, and a sample of 4,594 Gaelic games players (aged 13 to 20), the present study was a secondary analysis, examining which factors (if any) were significantly related to self-reported past-year experience in sport. Results show that when comparing those reporting their experience as very poor/poor, fair, or good against those reporting it as very good, the three variables that were consistent in their statistical significance were, age (being younger associated with a better experience), mean scores on a coaching autonomy measure (higher associated with a better experience), and self-reported playing time (higher associated with a better experience). There were nuanced results depending on the nature of the comparisons. At the most extreme comparison (‘very poor or poor’ versus ‘very good’), the former were significantly more likely to report playing other sports, and reported a lower likelihood of continuing to play Gaelic games. Results in the comparison of ‘fair’ and ‘very good’ were slightly different. Here, rather than playing other sports being statistically significant, there was a lower likelihood of playing in multiple contexts (or viewed conversely, a higher likelihood of playing Club only). Finally, when comparing those reporting their experience as ‘good’ versus ‘very good’, the former were significantly more likely to be male. The standout finding of this study (regression coefficients) is that coach autonomy score is significantly related to past year experience of Gaelic games, adjusting for a range of other relevant variables.