bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SAMPLING THE DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF AMBLYSEIUS FALLACIS (ACARINA: PHYTOSEIIDAE) IN THE GROUND COVER OF MICHIGAN APPLE ORCHARDS
Authors: McGroarty D. L. , Croft B. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn extraction method, timed counts taken from broadleafed forbs, and counts taken on apple sucker leaves were evaluated as sampling methods to estimate populations of the predatory phytoseiid mite Amblyseius fallacis Garman in the ground cover of commercial apple orchards. All three gave comparable density estimates at moderate and high population levels. The extraction sample technique was most effective in measuring low population densities, however the timed vegetational procedure was deemed the most practical method for monitoring these mites for pest management purposes. With respect to predator distribution in the ground cover, mites were aggregated somewhat in the heterogeneous understory, but were almost randomly distributed on apple sucker leaves. Predators were equally likely to find prey irrespective of location beneath the tree canopy. They showed little preference for different plant species with the exception of a higher incidence than expected on apple (Malus) and possibly on grape (Vitus sp.) and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia).
NEW SPECIES OF OXYPORUS (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) FROM NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree new species of Oxyporus are described from North America, O. ashei from North Carolina; O. kiteleyi from Québec, Massachusetts, and Georgia; and O. neomexicanus from New Mexico. All species are illustrated and a key is presented for the determination of all the species of the genus from America, north of Mexico.
SEASONAL PREDATORY ACTIVITY OF THE INTRODUCED RED WOOD ANT, FORMICA LUGUBRIS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) AT VALCARTIER, QUEBEC, IN 1976
Authors: McNeil Jeremy N. , Delisle Johanne , Finnegan R. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPredatory activity of Formica lugubris was studied from May through August 1976, to determine the variety of prey collected and the relative abundance of different groups of prey throughout the season. Prey consisted entirely of invertebrates, more than 95% being insects. Lepidoptera, especially Tortricidae, accounted for the major portion of prey during the sampling period. Using comparative rates of day and night prédation it was estimated that a large number of spruce bud worm were removed from the population by ant predators. It was also observed that prevailing weather conditions had a marked effect on predatory activity.
COMPARISON OF GREENHOUSE AND FIELD RESISTANCE OF BEAN VARIETIES TO EMPOASCA KRAEMERI (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Eskafi Fred M. , Schoonhoven Aart V. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractResistance of 360 varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris L. to Empoasca kraemeri (Ross and Moore) was tested in the greenhouse. Thirty promising varieties were subsequently evaluated for resistance in the field when 30 days old. Seedlings in the greenhouse were infested with field collected adults for 3 days, and the resistance was tested against first generation nymphs. A highly significant positive correlation existed under greenhouse conditions between the numbers of nymphs present on the plant and the plant damage (expressed as quality) under low, but not high infestation pressure. No such relation was found in the field. There was no correlation between numbers of nymphs found on the 30 varieties in the greenhouse and the field, but there was a highly significant correlation in the damage (quality). No correlation was found in the field between the numbers of nymphs and the plant height or volume. A rank correlation test showed that quality (resistance) of the plants was highly significantly related in the greenhouse and field tests.
MIGRATION OF LARVAE OF OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) INFECTED WITH NOSEMA PYRAUSTA (MICROSPORIDA: NOSEMATIDAE) AND SUBSEQUENT DISSEMINATION OF THIS MICROSPORIDIUM
Authors: Lewis L. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInfections of Nosema pyrausta (Paillot 1927) Kotlan 1928, in egg masses of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) used to artificially infest maize did not significantly decrease the ability of the infected larvae to migrate to adjacent plants. When 25% of the egg masses placed on the plants contained N. pyrausta, the resulting larvae had an incidence and an intensity of infection significantly greater than those of the controls. If 100, 75, 50, and 25% of the infesting eggs were infected by N. pyrausta, the number of larvae per plant were reduced by 72.0, 44.0, 29.3, and 38.7% respectively. N. pyrausta was transmitted via contaminated frass. The result was a reduction in populations of O. nubilalis larvae.
RADIOSENSITIVITY OF THE EXTRA-LARGE (XL) MUTANT OF TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE)
Authors: Vardell H. H. , Brower J. H. , Shelby C. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe radiosensitivity of a wild-type (+/+) laboratory strain of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal was compared with that of an extra-large (xl/xl) strain known to differ in only a single locus. Differences in both longevity and fecundity between the two strains after irradiation were very highly significant (p < 0.001), but real differences between strains in these biological characteristics may have produced the differential response. When differences in longevity and fecundity were corrected for the unirradiated control, there were only minor differences in response between the two strains. Thus, physical size alone apparently did not greatly influence the comparative radiosensitivity for the two strains of this species.
TRENDS OF EYE-SPOTTED BUD MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE) POPULATIONS OVER 12 YEARS ON TWO CULTIVARS IN AN INSECTICIDE FREE ORCHARD
Authors: MacLellan C. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe populations of Spilonota ocellana (D.&S.) on two cultivars in an insecticide free orchard showed nearly identical trends over a 12-year period. Egg populations reached maximum numbers when the orchard was 9 years old and the ensuing larvae infested 33% of the clusters the following year. A marked decline in all stages occurred when the orchard was 11 to 12 years old and this was immediately followed by a second peak of less intensity on both cultivars. The only difference in mortality of the population on the two cultivars was found in neonate larvae. The average survival of egg to pupa for the 12-year period was near 7%.
THE OCCURRENCE, LIFE HISTORY, COURTSHIP, AND MATING BEHAVIOUR OF THE SUNFLOWER MOTH, HOMOEOSOMA ELECTELLUM (LEPIDOPTERA: PHYCITIDAE), IN THE CANADIAN PRAIRIE PROVINCES
Authors: Arthur A. P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst) is a constant and damaging pest of cultivated sunflowers in Texas, Nebraska, and California. It was reported in Canada from Manitoba and Saskatchewan as early as 1936. Present studies begun in 1975 show that it can cause economic damage to cultivated fields in Saskatchewan. Field observations also indicate that this pest does not overwinter in Canada but that adults fly, or are blown in, from the south each year.An efficient method of rearing this pest in the laboratory was developed and observations on its life history and behaviour, especially courtship and mating behaviour, are reported herein.
A REVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OFMYCETOCHARABERTHOLD (COLEOPTERA: ALLECULIDAE)
Authors: Campbell J.M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe 10 North American species ofMycetocharaBerthold are reviewed. All species are redescribed and one new species,marshalli, is described from California. Former treatments of the species of the genus have considered males and females as separate species. This review associates all known males and females. The following new synonymy is presented:megalopsCasey andnigerrimaCasey (=fraternaSay);tenuisLeConte,gilipesCasey, andleconteiBorchmann (=foveataLeConte);lugubrisLeConte,horniDury, anddavisiHatch (=analisLeConte);marginataLeConte andlongulaLeConte (=binotataSay);longipennisCasey (=pubipennisLeConte); andpacificaCasey,nevadensisCasey,crassulipesCasey,downeiHatch,angustaHatch,malkiniHatch, andcaseyiHatch (=proceraCasey).A key is presented to aid in the identification of the species. The male terminalia are illustrated for all species excepthaldemaniandlata, which are known only from females.
FIELD STUDIES OF THE HOST RANGE OF THE CITRUS BLACKFLY, ALEUROCANTHUS WOGLUMI (HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE)
Authors: Dowell Robert V. , Howard F. W. , Cherry R. H. , Fitzpatrick G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe studied the ovipositional behavior of the citrus blackfly (CBF), Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, and found several plant species (mango, pink trumpet, and kumquat) to be as attractive as Citrus spp to ovipositing CBF at low densities. There is a significant (P < 0.01) positive correlation between the attractiveness of various host plants in our tests and the frequency of CBF occurrence on these plants in field surveys The host range of CBF increases with increasing CBF density. Oviposition by CBF on preferred hosts appears to occur at all CBF densities and is independent of their frequency in the environment We also found that CBF adults appear to be attracted to plant material reflecting light in the 500–600 nm range and it appears that this is the only long-range attractant operative.
THE SPATIAL AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF TRICHOCORIXA VERTICALIS (HEMIPTERA: CORIXIDAE) IN SALT MARSH INTERTIDAL POOLS
Authors: Campbell Bruce C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe corixid Trichocorixa verticalis (Fieber) was the most abundant aquatic insect in small intertidal pools (potholes) of a New Jersey salt marsh. Aquatic samples revealed that first to third instars of T. verticalis were evenly distributed but the distribution of fourth and fifth instars was associated with the abundance of chironomid larvae. Aquatic samples of adult T. verticalis showed wide fluctuations in abundance. These fluctuations were associated with the drying up of shallower potholes, forcing adults to migrate to deeper sites that still retained water.Light trapping of adult T. verticalis showed that there was a negative correlation between abundance and nocturnal ambient air temperature. This correlation indicated that T. verticalis dispersed on cooler nights to minimize water loss that would have been high had they emerged from warm pothole water temperatures into warm ambient air temperature. Spatial heterogeneity in the abundance of T. verticalis in light-trap samples was associated with differences between plots in water-surface area within a 100 m radius of the light trap. Dispersive behavior of T. verticalis is discussed in relation to harsh, ephemeral, and unpredictable salt-marsh aquatic habitats.
LARVAL REARING BY WORKER HONEY BEES LACKING THEIR MANDIBULAR GLANDS: II. REARING BY LARGER NUMBERS OF WORKER BEES
Authors: Peng Ying-Shin , Jay S. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFurther experiments were done in an attempt to ascertain the significance of the mandibular glands of nurse bees in female caste differentiation. Groups of 200, 10-day-old nurse bees, with their mandibular glands removed, fed female larvae for 80 h in plastic queen cell cups in the laboratory. After this, each larva finished feeding in a 4-day-old queen cell containing "royal jelly"; final development occurred in an artificial pupation dish. Because four adults, classified as "queenlike intermediates," were reared it appears that (1) mandibular gland secretion is less important as a larval food than that of the hypopharyngeal glands, and (2) if a "queen determining substance" exists the mandibular glands are not its only source.
VARIATION IN CATCHES WITH SEX ATTRACTANT OF THE CLOVER CUTWORM, SCOTOGRAMMA TRIFOLII, AND ARMY CUTWORM, EUXOA AUXILIARIS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), DUE TO TRAP LOCATION
Authors: Swailes G. E. , Struble D. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSex attractant traps for males of the clover cutworm, Scotogramma trifolii (Rottenberg), on farms in southern Alberta caught more moths within crops or on fallow than those near or within the farmyards except for traps immediately on the south side of the yard For males of the army cutworm, Euxoa auxiliaris (Grote), two trap placements in open areas were more effective than locations within the farmyard, again with the exception of the traps on the south side of the yards. Traps 2 m high caught significantly fewer moths than those at 1 m or ground level and the crop in which the trap was placed had no significant influence on catch of either cutworm.
THE APPLICABILITY OF X-RAY ENERGY-DISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF POPULATIONS OF RED TURNIP BEETLE, ENTOMOSCELIS AMERICANA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Turnock W. J. , Gerber G. H. , Bickis M. , Bennett R. B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe relative concentration of elements in adults of the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown, as determined by X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (XES), was used with discriminant analysis to identify source populations of beetles from different fields in the same district. Classification of dispersed beetles from the same district, using discriminant functions, suggests that XES is a promising technique for dispersal studies. However, multivariate analysis of variance and canonical analysis of XES results of groups of beetles given different foods over varying times in the laboratory indicate that highly significant changes occur in the chemoprint. Methods of minimizing the effect of such changes are suggested for future studies of dispersal.
A NEW ANOETID (ACARI) OF THE GENUS CREUTZERIA FROM THE SEYCHELLES
Authors: Nesbitt H.H.J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe taxonomic position of the genus Creutzeria in the family Anoetidae is examined, and a description of a new species, C. seychellensis, from the pitcher plant, Nepenthes pervillei, from the Seychelles is given. A couplet is proposed for the Hughes-Jackson key that would separate the genera Creutzeria and Zwickia.
THE RESPONSE OF TWO STRAINS OF HYLEMYA ANTIQUA (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) TO A CONSTANT AND AN ALTERNATING TEMPERATURE REGIME
Authors: Robinson Alan S. , Zurlini G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effect of an alternating and a constant temperature regime on some aspects of the biology of two strains of Hylemya antiqua were studied. One strain was a laboratory strain, the other a newly colonized wild strain. Several population statistics were assessed and life tables constructed. Significant differences between the strains were recorded.The laboratory strain mated significantly better under both environments than the wild strain, it also oviposited earlier and lived longer. No difference between the strains was recorded for either total egg production or oviposition rate. The wild strain larvae survived significantly better than the laboratory strain larvae and produced larger pupae. As the weighted mean temperature of the alternating regime was 16.6°C compared with the constant regime of 23°C many temperature dependent processes were retarded. Nevertheless as the alternating temperature increased larval survival and increased pupal size, this temperature regime has now been adopted for the routine laboratory rearing of H. antiqua larvae. The net reproductive rate, R0, and the intrinsic rate of increase, r, were calculated for both strains in both environments. The wild flies had the highest R0 at the alternating temperature and the lowest at the constant temperature. This trend was completely reversed when r was calculated as this statistic takes into account generation time, which was much shorter in the constant temperature.The results were discussed in the framework of the quality of the laboratory stock in relation to its use in a genetic control programme.
DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH, ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE), POPULATIONS AND SIBLING GROUPS TO ACEPHATE AND CARBARYL: TOXICOLOGICAL AND GENETIC ANALYSES
Authors: Stock M. W. , Robertson J. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUnequal responses to acephate and carbaryl were found among four populations of Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough). Within a single population, response of almost half of sibling groups tested with either toxicant differed significantly from one another. Using electrophoresis, we related variation in sibling group responses to quantitative differences in esterase isozymes. Potential use of genetic assays in pre-spray population surveys is discussed.
SYNOPSIS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN PHILAENINI (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CERCOPIDAE) WITH A NEW GENUS AND FOUR NEW SPECIES
Authors: Hamilton K.G.A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractKeys are provided to the five genera and 12 species of Philaenini in North America. Philaenus (Stål) is redefined to include only two species, one of which, spumarius L., 1758 (= rubra Capanni, 1894, = aurata Capanni, 1894, new synonymies) is represented in North America by three introduced subspecies: quadrimaculatus (Sch.) in eastern and western continental America, spumarius s.s. in Newfoundland, and tesselatus (Mel.) from one locality in southern Ontario. Philaenus parallels Stearns is removed to Paraphilaenus Vilb. as its sole Nearctic representative (new combination) and Philaenus lineatus (L.) belongs to the distinctive genus Neophilaenus Hpt. Philaronia Ball is represented in North America by five species: abjecta (Uhl.), canadensis (Wal.), fuscovaria (Stål) new combination, pauca n. sp. and superba n. sp. Philaenarcys new genus includes three species: bilineata (Say), 1831, new combination (= Ptyelus basivitta Wlk., 1851, new synonymy), killa n. sp., and spartina n. sp.
GENETICS OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS MORSITANS (DIPTERA: GLOSSINIDAE): IV. ELECTROPHORETIC BANDING PATTERNS OF OCTANOL DEHYDROGENASE AND ARGININE PHOSPHOKINASE
Authors: Gooding R.H. , Rolseth B.M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the thoraces of adult Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood revealed five octanol dehydrogenase (ODH, E.C. 1.1.1.73) phenotypes (and a sixth was predicted) in males and females, two arginine phosphokinase (APK, E.C. 2.7.3.3) phenotypes in males and three APK phenotypes in females. Each enzyme was postulated to be under the control of a single locus; Odh with three alleles on an autosome and Apk with two alleles on the X-chromosome. Allele frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in our colony, and breeding experiments provided direct evidence for single locus control of each enzyme. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique described permits determination of banding patterns for xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, ODH, and APK from a single individual.
FIELD EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF THE EUROPEAN SKIPPER, THYMELICUS LINEOLA (LEPIDOPTERA: HESPERIIDAE), IN QUEBEC
Authors: Letendre Michel , McNeil Jeremy N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe efficacy of seven chemical insecticides, five commercial preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis, and two preparations containing diatom dust were tested against the European skipper, Thymelicus lineola (Ochs.), under field conditions. Satisfactory control was obtained with carbaryl, carbofuran, methomyl, permethrin, trichlorfon, Dipel 45B(=Dipel SC), Dipel WP, Thuricide 26B, Thuricide HPC, and Novabac 3 while dimethoate, chlorpyrifos, and the diatom dusts afforded little or no foliage protection. While larval mortality occurred less rapidly when B. thuringiensis preparations were applied, their use is strongly recommended as they afford the same degree of foliage protection as chemical insecticides and diminish possible undesirable off-target effects.
EFFECTS OF INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): I. LETHAL EFFECTS OF LAST INSTAR TREATMENTS
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. , Kimball Richard A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDosage–response relationships of seven insect growth regulators (IGRs) to last instar western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, were determined by topical application, spray application, and diet incorporation bioassays. Mortality was defined as failure to emerge as a viable adult. In spray application experiments, four IGRs—ZR-512, ZR-619, ZR-1662, and Ro 10-3108—had LD50s of less than 70 g/ha (1 oz/acre). Relative lethal effectiveness, based on a simple model combining data from the three bioassays, was ZR-1662 > ZR-619 > ZR-512 > Ro 10-3108 > ZR-777 > ZR-587 > ZR-515. We concluded that several IGRs, applied to a population consisting primarily of last instars, would induce lethal effects at dosages comparable to dosages of several conventional insecticides.
BIOLOGY OF THE CRUCIFER FLEA BEETLE, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO
Authors: Kinoshita G. B. , Svec H. J. , Harris C. R. , McEwen F. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe biology of the crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), was studied in the laboratory, and under field conditions in southwestern Ontario. Field-collected adults, held in a state of induced hibernation were used for some laboratory studies. A rearing procedure was developed and a culture maintained for eight generations provided additional adults for laboratory work. Development and behaviour of the various crucifer flea beetle stages at different temperatures were studied. The mean preoviposition period ranged from 3.8 (32°C) to 22 (20°C) days. Time required for development from egg to adult varied from 24 (30°C) to 54 (20°C) days. For oviposition capability and egg to adult development, developmental thresholds were ca. 17° and 11°C, respectively, and 61 and 456 degree days were required. Crucifer flea beetle adults overwintered in leaf litter and the top 2.5 cm of soil, in windbreaks, fencerows, and cultivated areas. Adults appeared in early spring. Peak adult movement occurred at this time, primarily within 2 m of the ground, and oriented toward crucifer plots. Using heat unit summations calculated from soil temperatures, adult emergence in the field from eggs set out at various times was predicted with an accuracy of ± 3.7 days. Population studies and heat unit accumulations indicated that there was a single generation of crucifer flea beetle in 1974, and two generations in 1975. Adults were restricted primarily to cruciferous crops, with rutabaga and Chinese cabbage being the preferred hosts, among those varieties tested.
HOST DERIVED CHEMICALS: THE BASIS FOR PREFERENTIAL FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF THE LARCH SAWFLY, PRISTIPHORA ERICHSONII (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE), ON TAMARACK, LARIX LARICINA
Authors: Wagner M. R. , Ikeda T. , Benjamin D. M. , Matsumura F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLarch sawfly larvae, Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig), naturally reject single needles of newly elongated shoots and consume only tufted foliage from 1 year or older short shoots of tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. Forest entomologists have recognized this unusual feeding behavior for over a century, but not until now has the mechanism been understood. In the bioassasy of unpurified single needle methanol extracts (concn. 1 g needle/ml), 88.5% of the larvae were feeding on the control end of the bioassay twig (solvent only) after 4 h. This was significantly different from a similar bioassay of tufted foliage extract (t-value significant at 0.02 level) and a non-treated control bioassay (distilled water on both ends of bioassay twig) (t-value significant at 0.01 level). In the bioassay of a purified extract of single tamarack needles (TLC fraction 7), 81% of larvae were feeding on the untreated end (t-value significant 0.02). Thin-layer chromatography fraction 7, of eight fractions delineated, alone induced significant feeding inhibition.