bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avian species and diversity on the campus of Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan City
Authors: Jumilawaty E , Saragih J E , Nasution A L A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) is strategically situated for conducting investigations into the biodiversity of flora and fauna, serving as a source of genetic resources for educational purposes. USU, as a green campus, plays a multifunctional role in determining, protecting, and disseminating information regarding biodiversity, including avian diversity, to support environmentally sustainable development. The USU campus area essentially serves as an urban zone with a focus on species diversity and conservation, making it a key aspect of management. This study aims to identify bird species and diversity on the campus and analyze the diversity index and evenness of bird species on the campus. The methods employed involve direct observations using the line transect method combined with the point count method. We documented a total of 36 bird species, encompassing 22 families. The Avian Diversity Index value on the campus was calculated as 3.117, and the Avian Evenness Index was 0.870. The most prevalent families were Columbidae and Cisticolidae, constituting 3.8% of the total.
Public perception of the Sumatran elephant conflict in the village buffer region GLNP and economic loss consequence of the conflict
Authors: Zahrah M , Ras J S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is registered with IUCN Red List with status threatened extinct (endangered species). Conflict that occurs between humans and elephants is increasing from time to time. Change of forest land to agricultural land and settlements are the main causes of the occurrence conflict. This study aims to determine community perceptions, the effectiveness of mitigation and the value of losses economic response to the Sumatran elephant conflict. The method used in this study is by observation and interview through charging questionnaire to selected respondents. Respondents determined in a manner random from population at the estimated location as a distribution area elephant in the village GLNP Area Buffer Location studies shared into 24 grids, with wide each grid is 5x5 km. In each grid determined 3 respondents. Results study show 20% respondent experience conflict and 80% respondent No caught conflict. Mitigation conflict For drive away elephants considered the most effective by the community is with cannon spirit. Amount loss public in 3 year final reach IDR 58,000,000.00. Mark loss smallest i.e. as big Rp 500,000.00 on lemongrass.
The effect of drying temperature and material thickness on the drying characteristics and drying kinetics of curcuma drying using an oven
Authors: Rangkuti M T A , Hasibuan R , Haryanto B , Pramananda V 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Curcuma is a plant that has medicinal, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-hepatotoxic, anti-inflammatoryand anti-tumor properties. Curcuma sold in the market is still fresh rhizomes, so it is impractical and clean and can potentially decrease in quality if stored for a long time. One of the efforts to produce good quality curcuma is the drying process. This study aims to analyze the effect of drying temperature and material thickness on the drying characteristics and drying kinetics of curcuma drying using an oven. Based on this research, it is known that the initial moisture content of content at drying temperature variations of 50, 60 and 70°C is 8.59%, 8.82% and 6.28% (dry base) and after drying, it becomes 0.58%, 0.36% and 0.17% (dry base). The initial moisture content at thickness variations of 5, 10and 15 mm was 8.59%, 5.67% and 3.6% (dry base) and after drying, it became 0.58%, 0.25% and 0.12 % (dry base). Characteristics of curcuma drying using an oven consist of three stages of the drying period. The drying kinetics models suitable for this study are the Page, Logarithmic and Verma et al. models, with R2 values ranging from 0.9737 to 0.9988.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ruminant Feed Based on Palm Kernel Cake Using EM4 Fermentation Method
Authors: Hamid Muhammadin , Nasution Tulus Ikhsan , Syafrina Sherly , Isnaeni Isnaeni 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of cassava as an adhesive and the use of palm kernel meal as a concentrate and the addition of other ingredients on the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of food ingredients in the form of pellets. The animal feed was made by mixing palm kernel meal, tofu dregs, rice bran, and cassava with a percentage of (68,5 : 15,75 : 5,25 : 10,5)% and mixing molasses and EM 4 in a ration 1 : 1. The test samples were made by going through the stages of weighing, chopping, mixing, fermentation, drying, and molding into pellets. The results showed that the animal feed mixture had a specific gravity of 1.70 gr/mL, porosity of 29.05%, water absorption of 72.62%, pellet hardness of 4.85%, and brittleness with 4.92%. Animal feed pellets have a brownish color and a normal smell like the smell of animal feed pellets in general. The fermentation process was carried out for 8 days until it reached a maturity temperature of 38.44°C. Based on the proximate analysis, it was found that the animal feed contained 10.50% protein, 2.30% total fat, 22.80% crude fiber, 28.50% carbohydrate, 3.00% ash content and 32.90% moisture content. This animal feed pellet with palm kernel meal concentrate and cassava adhesive can be used as an alternative to cattle feed as an energy source feed, because it has a protein content of less than 20%.
Initial vegetative growth and determination of the lethal dose of local rice arias putih at various doses of gamma irradiation
Authors: Siregar D S , Rosmayati  , Hanafiah D S , Lubis K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Local rice cultivars that are resistant to biotic and abiotic stress, in fact, still have weaknesses in terms of longevity and idiotypes that causes farmers to rarely cultivate local rice cultivars commercially. One method of plant breeding that can be taken to correct deficiencies in a plant is a mutation program using gamma-ray irradiation. The use of gamma rays must be tested for the value of LD50 so that the right dose is obtained in an effort to increase diversity. One of the upland rice varieties, Arias Putih, was irradiated with gamma rays at the following doses, G0=0 Gy, G1=100 Gy, G2=200 Gy, G3=300 Gy, G4=400 Gy, G5=500 Gy, G6=600 Gy, G7=700 Gy, G8=800 Gy, G9=900 Gy, G10=1000 Gy, and G11=1100 Gy. This LD 50 was carried out with three repetitions per treatment dose, including control. Each dose of gamma-ray irradiation used 100 rice seeds and sown in the seedbed for three weeks. The parameters observed were germination percentage, seedling height and root length, crown and root fresh weight. LD50 was obtained from germination percentage data and was analyzed using Curve-Fit Analysis software. The results revealed a decrease in growth character as the irradiation dose increased. Increasing the irradiation dose up to 500 Gy caused the seeds to die. The LD50 value obtained from the study was 224.13 Gy.
Ethnobotany of Zingiberaceae in the Tamiang tribe, Aceh Province, Sumatra
Authors: Zumaidar  , Husna S , Amalia  , Asmilia N , Saudah  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Tamiang is one of the unique tribes from Aceh Province because it is descended from the Sriwijaya Kingdom. This tribe is located in eastern Aceh. Research on the ethnobotany of Zingiberaceae plants in the Tamiang tribe aims to identify species, know the parts used, and classify uses. The method used in this research is Purposive Sampling and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods. This research was conducted in 30 villages from seven selected sub-districts, namely Bendahara, Seruway, Karang Baru, Rantau, Kejuruan Muda, Bandar Pusaka, and Sekerak sub-districts. The respondents selected were the tribal elders, traditional leaders, owners of family medicinal plants, vegetable traders, and housewives. The results showed that there were 10 Zingiberaceae plant species utilized, namely Curcuma longa, Curcuma zanthorrhiza, Curcuma zedoaria, Zingiber officinale, Zingiber officinale var. rubrum, Zingiber cassumunar, Alpinia galanga, Alpinia purpurata, Kaempferia galanga, and Etlingera elatior. The most widely used part of the plant is the rhizome. Zingiberaceae plants are used as cooking spices, traditional medicines, traditional ceremonies, health drinks, food preparations, food fragrances, and in the beauty and economics fields. The ways to utilize and use Zingiberaceae plants are boiling, soaking, grinding or pounding, steaming, mixing in cooking, selling, consuming, and direct use.
Communities Interaction with Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) in the Buffer Zone of Batang Gadis National Park
Authors: Patana P , Fahma N , Purwoko A , Alikodra H S , Kuswanda W , Situmorang R O P , Suntornvongsagul K , Al Hilal M R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Bukit Barisan Grand Forest Park Forest is a forest area formed from forests with protected forest status. In this forest area there is a main road connecting the cities of Medan and Berastagi, which is a tourist destination for people in North Sumatra. Therefore this area is very unique to study but is also vulnerable to logging disturbances, etc. Apart from that, tourist activities also put pressure on this area, especially during holiday periods. The aim of this research is to determine the composition of stands and the carbon content stored in Dolay Rayat Village, Karo Regency. The method used is a combination of stripes and plotted lines where the plots are placed using systematic sampling with random start. Meanwhile, allometric equations are used to estimate carbon stocks. The research used 50 sample plots (2 Ha) arranged in 10 transect lines. The results of the vegetation analysis that has been carried out show that there are 29 types of standing vegetation. The dominant species found at the seedling level are Eurya accuminata (IVI: 30.05), saplings are Altingia excelsa (IVI: 34.44), poles are Lithocarpus edulis (IVI: 44.61) and trees are Lithocarpus edulis (IVI: 30.82). This forest has moderate species diversity with an H’ value ranging from 2.41-2.76. Carbon reserves stored in forest areas in the administrative area of Dolat Rayat Village are quite high, namely 14,639.04 tons.
Identifying users’ needs for cycle-transit facilities in MRT Jakarta
Authors: Ramadhanty Galuh Pasha Balqis , Nurlaela Siti 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cycle-transit is a multimodal alternative for motorized transportation. Cycle-transit provides a number of environmental and societal benefits that contribute to the SDG 11, which calls for cities and human settlements to be inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. One of the modes of transportation in Indonesia that already supports cycle-transit activities is the MRT Jakarta. The cycle-transit facilities include bike on board, bike parking, bike lane, and bike sharing. MRT Jakarta continues to develop cycle-transit facilities, aiming to shift the travel behavior of Jakarta citizens. MRT Jakarta improvement is financed with public money, so the community should perceive the benefits as much as possible. It is necessary to know the users’ needs for cycle-transit facilities in MRT Jakarta. This article is a part of ongoing research to formulate recommendations for improving cycle-transit facilities in MRT Jakarta. This paper analyzed the improvement priority of four types of cycle-transit facilities at MRT Jakarta based on users’ needs using AHP. The analysis shows that the users need the addition of bike on board access and some improvements on its supporting infrastructure. These findings will be valuable to PT MRT Jakarta and DKI Jakarta Provincial Government as decision-makers to develop cycle-transit facilities in the future. This paper is also followed by formulating recommendations for improving cycle-transit facilities in MRT Jakarta.
Assessing the Waste and Sanitation Infrastructures toward COVID-19 Spreading in Surakarta City, Indonesia
Authors: Miladan N , Istanabi T , Putri A N A , Putripraja D P , Siota I 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
COVID-19 can spread rapidly in areas having high-density populations. The COVID-19 spreading in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas due to the population of urban areas being denser than that of rural areas. The existence of urban infrastructures is assumed to affect COVID-19 spreading in cities. The existence of waste and sanitation systems are the critical urban infrastructures relating to COVID-19 spreading. Surakarta is one of the cities in Indonesia having a high number of COVID-19 infection cases. Based on the Surakarta official website concerning COVID-19, it is known that COVID-19 infected about 37132 persons, or seven percent of the population until the end of the year 2022. This research seeks to reveal the correlation between the existence of waste and sanitation systems and COVID-19 spreading in Surakarta City. This research uses a quantitative approach supported by the statistical data which were retrieved from the Surakarta Statistics Agency, and the official website of the Surakarta Government concerning COVID-19 cases. The statistical data was processed by correlation analysis. The research result revealed that waste management correlates with the number of COVID-19 survivors’ cases. Meanwhile, the sanitation facilities even individually or communally do not correlate with the number of COVID-19 survivors’ cases. Furthermore, the factor of implementing health protocols has a low correlation with the number of COVID-19 survivors’ cases. The waste management is one of the important urban strategies for COVID-19 spreading. Furthermore, this study case describes that COVID-19 risk reduction relates more to urban management than urban planning.
Innovative Poorer areas Upgrading of Mojo Riverbank Settlement Surakarta
Authors: Astuti W , Rahayu P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Housing Policies to deal with poorer areas in lower-income countries have shifted from demolitions and evictions to resettlement and to in-situ upgrading and redevelopment. This paper explores the innovative operation of Mojo Poorer Area’s improvement, that integrating aspects of policy, financial, technical and environment, and their impact on economic, social, and health aspects. Using a case study method, this paper analyses qualitative and quantitative data from interviews, field observations, government documents, and a questionnaire survey of 56 households of program beneficiaries. The results show that the most unique approach in this case is the process of discretionary policy for transferring land right between authorities. In addition, the integrated approach can recognize and change marginalized communities’ capital to modern economic, through tourism activities.
Evaluation of Commuter Train User Mapping in the Sidoarjo – Indro Department
Authors: Susanti A , Zhain I 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The mobility of people from Sidoarjo to Gresik for various purposes requires commuter train as an efficient transportation mode. There is a fundamental need to map the distribution of potential commuter train users whose destination is Gresik area. In this study, the researcher chose Sidoarjo - Indro commuter train route as it intersects with a road and its vehicular traffic. This research method examined the population, number of people using commuter service, vehicle mode selection, and problems encountered while travelling between Sidoarjo and Gresik. Data collection methods used were surveys and questionnaires. Data processing used was tabulation. The mapping results show that the purpose of the passengers’ trip is predominantly for work using motorbike which delivered access as far as 4 km (30%) and online motorbike taxi as far as 4 km (43%). It is known that the distribution of commuter train passengers is dominated by those who start from Gubeng Station and stop at Sidoarjo Station. The mapping of the distribution is important to create fundamental reference that is further used in transportation modelling for areas that are not yet served by Commuter Train services, considering that commuter train services are not evenly distributed throughout the region. It is also essential to evaluate based on commuter train travel behavior mapping.
Preservation of The Vastenburg Fort Site as a Historical Public Space in Surakarta City based on User Perception
Authors: Putra A R A , Ima D N , Akbar F M , Andhika R N , Baiti H N , Yusuf M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Social interaction and public space are interrelated and play crucial roles in human life. The Vastenburg Fort Site serves as an example of a public space still utilized by the community and holds historical value from the Dutch colonial era. However, inadequate management has led to a decline in quality and user interest. Thus, this research aims to formulate preservation efforts for it as a historical public space in Surakarta through the assessment of quality and preferences based on user perceptions. In general, this study employs a mixed-methods approach with a deductive perspective. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews, followed by analyses using Likert scales, descriptive analysis, and content analysis. Consequently, the research reveals a deteriorating condition of the site, perceived as “Enough” by users. Additionally, revitalization efforts and the creation of better spaces with community involvement are deemed necessary by the local community around the Vastenburg Fort Site. Based on these findings, preservation recommendations are formulated, encompassing the strengthening of historical value, integrated management, improved accessibility, diversification of utilization, and community participation. It is hoped that these efforts will restore the Vastenburg Fort Site as a sustainable historical tourism destination and enhance the quality of life for the community.
Fundamental particles
Authors: Kragh Helge 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The history of elementary particle physics is echoed in the names coined for these particles, including those which did not catch on and are now obsolete. ‘Meson’ lived on, ‘mesotron’ did not. ‘Oreston’ died almost instantly. Starting with the electron and the positron, the chapter ends with the modern era with quarks and gluons as the fundamental particles. While particle names were traditionally based on Greek, after World War II most new particles were given freely invented and often whimsical names. Examples are not only quark and gluon, but also hypothetical particles such as sneutrino, higgsino, and anyon.
The epistemic role of vividness
Authors: Myers Joshua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The vividness of mental imagery is epistemically relevant. Intuitively, vivid and intense memories are epistemically better than weak and hazy memories, and using a clear and precise mental image in the service of spatial reasoning is epistemically better than using a blurry and imprecise mental image. But how is vividness epistemically relevant? I argue that vividness is higher-order evidence about one’s epistemic state, rather than first-order evidence about the world. More specifically, the vividness of a mental image is higher-order evidence about the amount of first-order information one has about its subject matter. When vividness is sufficiently low, it can give one reason to doubt the epistemic basis of the mental image and thereby act as a defeater. This account has important implications for theorizing about the epistemic roles of memory, imagination, mental imagery and phenomenal consciousness.
The genome assembly of Carex breviculmis provides evidence for its phylogenetic localization and environmental adaptation
Authors: Yuan Tao , Gao Xiaoman , Xiang Niyan , Wei Pei , Zhang Guiyu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Carex breviculmis is a perennial herb with good resistance and is widely used for forage production and turf management. It is important in ecology, environmental protection and biodiversity conservation, but faces several challenges due to human activities. However, the absence of genome sequences has limited basic research and the improvement of wild plants.

Methods
We annotated the genome of C. breviculmis and conducted a systematic analysis to explore its resistance to harsh environments. We also conducted a comparative analysis of Achnatherum splendens, which is similarly tolerant to harsh environments.

Key Results
The assembled the genome comprises 469.01 Mb, revealing 37 372 genes with a BUSCO completeness score of 99.0 %. The genome has 52.03 % repetitive sequences, primarily influenced by recent LTR insertions that have contributed to its expansion. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that C. breviculmis diverged from C. littledalei ~6.61 million years ago. Investigation of repetitive sequences and expanded gene families highlighted a rapid expansion of tandem duplicate genes, particularly in areas related to sugar metabolism, synthesis of various amino acids, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Additionally, our analysis identified crucial genes involved in secondary metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism, which have undergone positive selection. We reconstructed the sucrose metabolic pathway and identified significant gene expansions, including 16 invertase, 9 sucrose phosphate synthase and 12 sucrose synthase genes associated with sucrose metabolism, which showed varying levels of expansion.

Conclusions
The expansion of these genes, coupled with subsequent positive selection, contributed to the ability of C. breviculmis to adapt to environmental stressors. This study lays the foundation for future research on the evolution of Carex plants, their environmental adaptations, and potential genetic breeding.
Unity Without Truth? Contra Trueman’s Immodest Identity Theory
Authors: Dodd Julian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Robert Trueman (2022) sets out and defends an ‘immodest’ identity theory of truth: that is, an identity theory in which the facts with which true propositions are identical are things whose totality is the world: i.e. obtaining states of affairs. This brief reply argues that Truman’s theory falls foul of a perennial objection to such immodest identity theories: namely, that it cannot explain how a candidate proposition’s putative elements can be unified into a proposition proper without this proposition being true.