bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between physical game demands and injury rehabilitation in international rugby union: a global positioning system analysis
Authors: Coughlan G , Green B , Pook P , Toolan E , O'Connor S 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundOver the past 10 years the methodologies and technology of recording professional rugby union game data has greatly improved with global positioning system (GPS) now the gold standard.ObjectiveThe aims of the present study were to evaluate the physical demands of the game at an international rugby union level using a GPS and establish the potential of the system in providing feedback to the management (sports medicine and coaching) team in relation to the mechanism/prevention of injury, as well as rehabilitation and exercise load prior to return to play.SettingInternational rugby union team.PatientsTwo international rugby union players were recruited to participate in this investigation.InterventionsGPS data generated by the two players (one forward and one back) in an international test match were analysed,Main outcome measurementsSpecifically speed zones and bodyload sustained in tackles and scrum activities.ResultsThe back covered a greater overall distance compared to the forward. The forward had a higher number of entries into the low speed zones of standing/non-purposeful movements and walking with fewer entries into the high-intensity running and maximal speed running. Work-to-rest ratios were identical for both players over the course of the game. The forward player sustained a significantly higher number of impacts and total bodyload. Total and average bodyload in tackles made were larger for the back, with this trend reversed for tackles against.ConclusionGPS data provides important performance indicators, assists in the development of conditioning and training protocols, as well as injury management and return to play criteria for players. This information should be utilised to identify injury prevention strategies and game characteristics, as well as improving player welfare.
Prevalence of jumper's knee among non-elite athletes from different sports; a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Zwerver J , Bredeweg SW , van den Akker-Scheek I 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe jumper's knee (JK) is a difficult-to-treat overuse injury of the patellar and quadriceps tendon with a very negative impact on the careers of many athletes. The prevalence of JK among non-elite athletes from different sports and its aetiology are unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of JK in non-elite athletes from different sports and to determine potential risk factors for JK.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingMale and female non-elite athletes.ParticipantsWe interviewed 891 male and female non-elite athletes from seven popular sports in the Netherlands: basketball, volleyball, handball, korfball, soccer, field hockey and athletics.AssessmentUsing a specially developed questionnaire, information was obtained about individual characteristics (age, height and weight), training background, previous and actual knee problems and the VISA-P score.ResultsThe overall prevalence of current JK was 8.5% (78 out of 891 athletes), showing a significant difference between sports with different loading characteristics and playing surfaces. Prevalence was highest among volleyball players (14.4%) and lowest among soccer players (2.5%); it was significantly higher among male athletes (51 out of 502, 10.2%) than female athletes (25 out of 389, 6.4%) (÷2=3.91, p=0.048). Mean duration of symptoms was 18.9 months (SD 21.6; range 2.0–59.8). The mean VISA-P score of the athletes with JK was 71.4 (SD 13.8). Age, height and weight were significantly different between athletes with JK and those without.ConclusionPrevalence of JK is high among non-elite athletes and varies between 14.4% and 2.5% for different sports. JK is almost twice as common among male non-elite athletes compared to female athletes. Different sport-specific loading characteristics of the knee extensor apparatus, playing surface, age, height and weight seem to be risk factors associated with patellar tendinopathy.
Epidemiology of patellar tendon injury in elite male soccer players
Authors: Hägglund M , Waldén M , Zwerver J , Ekstrand J 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundPatellar tendon injuries are common in jumping sports. The epidemiology in soccer is not well described.ObjectiveTo study the epidemiology of patellar tendon injury in elite male soccer players and evaluate potential risk factors.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingMen's professional soccer.Participants51 European elite soccer clubs (2229 players) from three different cohorts; Swedish First League and Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Champions League cohorts playing at home grounds with natural grass, and UEFA Artificial Turf cohort playing on third generation artificial turfs, were followed between 2001 and 2009 over a varying number of seasons.Assessment of risk factorsInternal (age, stature, body mass) and external (total exposure, training/match exposure ratio, team home surface, seasonal distribution, playing position) risk factors were investigated using multivariate logistic regression.Main outcome measurementsPatellar tendon injury (insidious onset tendinopathy or acute partial rupture) leading to time-loss from soccer.Results139 patellar tendon injuries were recorded (1.5% of all injuries) with an incidence of 0.12 injuries/1000 h and a season prevalence of 2.4%. Most injuries (60%) were minimal to mild (<8 days absence), and 19% were recurrent complaints. No difference in season prevalence (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.48) or incidence (RR 1.22, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.77) was observed between teams playing on artificial turf and natural grass. Multivariate logistic regression showed that high total exposure hours (OR 1.02 per 10 h increase; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.04) and increased body mass (OR 1.16 per 5 kg increase; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.34) were significant risk factors for patellar tendon injury.ConclusionAlthough mainly mild in nature, patellar tendon injuries are fairly common in elite soccer and the recurrence rate is high. Exposure to artificial turf did not increase the risk of injury. Increased body mass and high total amount of exposure were identified as risk factors for patellar tendon injury.
Sidestep cutting technique affects knee valgus loading
Authors: Kristianslund E , Krosshaug T 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries pose serious short and long term consequences for athletes in team sports worldwide. Modifying technique is an important part of effective prevention programs, but the understanding of which technique that reduces potentially harmful joint loadings is limited. Prevention can likely be improved with better knowledge of technique effects.ObjectiveStudy the effect of sidestep cutting technique on knee valgus moments.DesignCross-sectional.SettingThree sidestep cutting manoeuvres to each side in a 240 Hz motion analysis lab.Participants131 female elite handball back and wing players (22.4±4.0 years, 173±6 cm, 69±7 kg). Two excluded due to technical problems.Assessment of risk factorInitial contact (IC) knee flexion, knee valgus, hip abduction, ankle pronation, torso lateral flexion, torso rotation, speed of torso rotation, inward rotation of foot relative to direction of motion and lateral distance from centre of mass of the body to the centre of pressure of the foot, as well as length of contact phase, cutting angle and approach speed.Main outcomeMaximum knee valgus moment during first 50 ms of contact phase.ResultsAverage maximum valgus moment was 1.54 ± 0.64 Nm/kg. Six variables had a pronounced effect in the linear regression model. An increase of knee valgus angle at IC of one SD gave a 0.20 Nm/kg (13%) increase in maximum valgus moment. Corresponding effect sizes was 0.14 Nm/kg (9%) for hip abduction, 0.22 Nm/kg (14%) for ankle pronation, 0.12 Nm/kg (8%) for cut width, 0.16 Nm/kg (10%) for cutting angle and 0.21 Nm/kg (14%) for approach speed.ConclusionWe have identified potentially harmful sidestep cutting technique components. ACL injury prevention programs should continue to focus on cutting techniques with small knee valgus angles, low ankle pronation and narrow stance, particularly for cuts that are performed with high approach speed and sharp direction changes.
Soccer and futsal injuries in the netherlands
Authors: van Hespen A , Stege J P , Stubbe J H 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundParticipation in sports has beneficial effects on health. Unfortunately there are also negative effects due to sports injuries. The number of sports injuries in the Netherlands is about 3.6 million every year. A lot of those injuries occur during soccer. TNO developed a web-Based Injury information System (BIS) to study sports injuries.ObjectiveTo study the incidence, location, severity and risk factors of professional soccer and futsal injuries.DesignIn soccer a prospective cohort study was carried out by means of web-based information gathering. Data on background, injuries and recovery were registered during the season by the medical staff. A retrospective cohort study was carried out in futsal. Same data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire for the players.SettingThree cohorts of players were followed during one season: professional male soccer (2007), professional female soccer (2007–2008) and premier league male futsal (2009–2010).Participants1.039 elite male soccer players, 118 elite female soccer players and 77 elite male futsal players.Outcome measurementsIncidence, location, type, re-injury, overuse/trauma, duration of injuries. An injury was defined as physical complaints caused by soccer/futsal and resulting in a time loss from soccer/futsal of at least 1 day.ResultsMale soccer: 965 injuries, incidence 5.9, knee 20%, sprain/ligament 20%, 15% re-injury, 67% trauma, average duration 34 days.Female soccer: 125 injuries, incidence unknown, knee 22%, sprain/ligament 32%, 16% reinjury, 73% trauma, average duration 21 days.Male futsal: 58 injuries, incidence 3.1, ankle 38%, sprain/ligament 38%, 41% re-injury, 74% trauma, duration: 27% more than 4 weeks.ConclusionsThe rate of injuries among professional (fe)male soccer and premier league male futsal is high. Results for male and female soccer are in general comparable but different from results for futsal. BIS provides sports leagues with information that might help to improve their prevention management.
Practice injury rates in collegiate sports
Authors: Agel J , Schisel J 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundPublished data has demonstrated that collegiate athletes sustain significantly higher game than practice injury rates (13.8 vs 4.0 injuries per 1000 A-Es). Review of this data demonstrates disparities within the practice injury rates with pre-season practice injury rates being significantly higher than in-season and post-season practice rates.ObjectiveOur a priori primary hypothesis was that Fall sports would show the largest differential in pre-season compared to in-season practice injury rates. Our secondary hypothesis was that Division I would report higher rates of pre-season practice injury rates compared to Divisions II and III.SettingNational Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).Participants250 NCAA Injury Surveillance System participating schools with 182 000 injuries with 1 300 000 exposures.Assessment of risk factorsThe dependent variables are sport, season and division.Main outcome measureThe independent variable is injury; defined as time loss of 1 day or more from a scheduled athletic activity.ResultsPre-season practice consistently resulted in the highest injury rates across all Divisions regardless of season. Men's football (Fall) had the highest rate ratio of pre-season to in-season practice injury (3.47 (3.40, 3.54)). Men's and Women's soccer (Fall) were next (3.28 (3.11, 3.45), 3.27 (3.09, 3.45). Women's Division 1 soccer, had the greatest differential between pre-season and in-season practice injury as well as the highest pre-season practice injury rate for all sports except Division 1 men's wrestling (Winter). There was no consistent injury pattern demonstrated across season when sports were analyzed by Division.ConclusionPre-season practices are responsible for a disproportionate share of practice injuries. Fall sports demonstrate the highest within sport practice injury rates. Attention should be paid to this finding in order to ensure that practices are conducted in a safe manner for the athletes and all potential injury prevention options taken advantage of.
Cost-effectiveness of an injury prevention program in dutch male amateur soccer
Authors: van Beijsterveldt A , Krist M , van de Port I , Backx F 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundApproximately 16% of all sports injuries in the Netherlands are the result of playing outdoor soccer.ObjectiveThe aim of this intervention study is to investigate the cost-effectiveness of an injury prevention program (‘The11’ from FIFA) in male amateur soccer players. The hypothesis is that the ‘The11’ exercises have a beneficial effect on injury incidence, injury severity, medical costs and/or absenteeism.DesignThe study is a two-armed cluster randomised controlled trial. Randomisation has taken place on a cluster level: the regional competitions.SettingFirst class amateur teams, in two separated districts in the Netherlands, participate in this study. All participating teams have practice sessions 2–3 times a week.ParticipantsMale players aged 18–40 years were eligible for inclusion in the study. 22 teams participated in this study, resulting in 460 players performing an intake at the start of the intervention season (intervention group 214 players, control group 246 players).InterventionThe teams in the intervention group were instructed to perform ‘The11’, during each practice session throughout the 2009–2010 season (September–June). All teams of the control group were asked to continue their practice sessions as usual.Main outcome measurementsThe primary outcomes of the study include injury incidence, healthcare use and absenteeism. These outcomes were registered online during the competitive season 2009–2010.ResultsPreliminary results show that the proportion of injured players was almost equal for both groups (58.9% vs 57.7%). The injury risk for both research groups was the same (0.92). The sports absenteeism was on average 1 day longer in the intervention group (30.3 vs 29.3 days).ConclusionsFirst impression is that there are no significant differences between the two research groups. However, more extensive results of this study, particularly focused on possible confounders and cost-effectiveness, are expected in January 2011 and can be presented in Monaco.
Measurement of activity return after injury
Authors: Agel J , Harvey E 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundInjury results in a limitation of activity participation. Treatment of injury is designed to return the patient to as a high level of activity as desired.ObjectiveTo design an activity measure that allows clinicians to:Determine patients' pre-injury preferred activities, level of participation, intensity, and frequency of participation.Determine patients' recovery level of participation, intensity, and frequency of participation in the pre-injury preferred activities.Determine if the patients' lack of full return to activity is due to the injury or to other reasons external to the injury.SettingOrthopaedic community based clinics.ParticipantsPatients with musculoskeletal complaints.InterventionTreatment of injury.Main outcome measureThe composite of the patients' current activity participation, level of limitation, and reason for limitation.ResultsFavourite/Most Important ActivityQ1 What is this activity?Prior to Your InjuryQ2 Prior to your injury:A How long would you normally participate in this activity?|__|__| Hours per TimeB On average how many days a week would you participate in this activity?|__| Days per WeekCurrent TimeQ3 Do you still engage in this sport or activity?1 □ Yes2 □ NoQ4 How much is your ability to participate in this activity limited by your injury?0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10None CompletelyIf None (0) (Go to Q6 – top of next column)If Limited (1–10) continue with Q5Q5 What is the primary reason you are limited in this sport or activity anymore?1 □ Your Injury2 □ Other Reason –Describe:ConclusionThis measure allows clinicians to track return to activity over time and understand if the decision to return to pre-injury activity is due to the injury or life events.
First time lateral patella dislocations: characterizing their readiness for return to activity
Authors: Arendt E , Agel J , Moore A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThere are no accepted objective criteria for return to activity after a first time lateral patella dislocation.ObjectiveTo define the characteristics of first time lateral patallofemoral dislocation (PFD) patients and their timeline for return to activity.DesignProspective observational.SettingUniversity and private clinic.Patients31 patients were identified between Sept 2008 and 2010; confirmed by MRI (87%) or requiring reduction maneouver (13%). 23 agreed to non-operative treatment and structured physical therapy. Activity level was recorded.InterventionThe independent variable was redislocation.ResultsThere were 15 males and 16 females. Average age was 20. The majority of injuries occurred playing sports and were non-contact (70%).The 23 patients all returned to full activity with no time off to nine months. 12 had no re-dislocations at 1 year. One re-dislocation occurred in a 15 year old male at 18 months. 10 patients had formal clearance for a full return to activity. Seven patients completed physical therapy.KOOS data demonstrated minimal change between time of injury and month 3, and no change between 6 and 12 months.ConclusionAll patients were on a structured physical therapy program with clearly defined functional parameters for return to activity. Most patients choose not to complete therapy and used self defined parameters for return to activities. Follow up indicates that most returned to previous level of function without known adverse sequelae.This high rate of non-compliance with physical therapy and lack of physician clearance prior to return to activity is disconcerting. There is a disparity between the clinician's and patient's perceived seriousness and need for time off and rehabilitation.KOOS outcome tool may not be capturing the disability associated with lateral PFD.More attention is warranted to optimise management of this injury, to better understand the degree of impairment and timing of safe return.
A prospective study of injury in elite gaelic games
Authors: Blake C , Murphy J C , Gissane C , O'Malley E 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundGaelic football and hurling are the national sports of Ireland. They are both high velocity, multidirectional, contact field games. To date, prospective injury data for these has been of short duration.ObjectiveTo describe the incidence and nature of sport-related injuries in elite male Gaelic football and hurling players over a 3 year period.DesignProspective observational study.SettingElite-level county representative teams.Participants16 male football and 16 hurling teams were tracked over the 2007–2009 seasons.Assessment of risk factorsNew injury diagnoses and classifications were recorded by the team physiotherapist or doctor onto the National GAA Injury Database, along with injury history and weekly team exposure to training and match hours.Main outcome measuresInjury was defined as requiring 24 h time loss from training or match-play. Incidence rate was calculated as injuries/1000 h training and match-play.ResultsA total of 788 football and 671 hurling injuries were recorded. Incidence of injury/1000 h football training was 5.34 (2007), 3.67 (2008) and 3.37 (2009) and 5.13 (2007), 3.69 (2008) and 2.8 (2009) for hurling. Match-play injury rates were 97.0, 79.09 and 50.4/1000 h of football and 96.0, 87.4 and 46.5/1000 h of hurling. Lower limb injuries predominated (football: 74.2% to 76.7%; hurling: 68% to 70.5%). Hamstring injuries were the single most common injury overall (football: 17.4% to 25%, hurling: 15.7% to 16.5%). Upper limb injuries accounted for 9.2% to 14.7% of all football injuries and 16.6% to 24% of all hurling injuries. Muscle was the most frequently injured tissue (football: 38.3% to 45.8%; hurling: 35.5% to 42.2%) and fractures accounted for 3.3% to 5.3% football injuries and 6% to 7.9% hurling injuries.ConclusionThese findings illustrate injury patterns in Gaelic football using a prospective methodology over consecutive seasons, thus providing a baseline from which injury prevention strategies can be evaluated.
Dutch elite athletes and anti-doping policies
Authors: de Hon O , Eijs I , Havenga A 
Published: March 2011

Background and ObjectiveAnti-Doping Authority Netherlands, the official NADO of the Netherlands, evaluates periodically the knowledge, opinions, and attitudes of Dutch elite athletes on various anti-doping matters.Design and participantsA total of 888 elite athletes, as acknowledged by National Olympic Committee NOC*NSF, were asked to fill out an anonymous, internet based, 83-item questionnaire. In addition, 453 professional football players (who have no traditional ties with the NOC) were selected from the database of the VVCS, the national representative organisation for professional soccer players. The study was conducted with the cooperation of NL Sporter, the independent association for elite athletes.ResultsA representative response of 38% for Olympic athletes was achieved; among soccer players the response was indicative at 21%.The whereabouts-rule is the most controversial anti-doping rule for all athletes: 61% has experience with filing whereabouts data, but less than 20% finds it necessary to file such data in their own sport. One in three athletes regularly experiences problems with fulfilling their whereabouts requirements, undermining the support of this rule. Testing itself is less controversial: more than half of all athletes support the principle of Out-of-Competition testing. Of all athletes, 91% would feel guilty if they would use doping themselves. Athletes' knowledge about the Prohibited List and about doping regulations is good (7.1 to 8.8 on a scale of 0 tot 10). Athletes would favour better international harmonisation, more educational opportunities and more anti-doping training for their support personnel.ConclusionsTechnical improvements in whereabouts software are still necessary, and different ways should be explored to alleviate the burdens laid upon elite athletes without compromising the effectiveness of an out-of-competition testing programme. The knowledge on doping issues should be maintained, but more personal ways to accommodate for specific individual questions during educational meetings should be considered. Educational efforts for Football players should be strengthened.