bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working memory task performance and chunking in early
Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Huntley Jonathan , Bor Daniel , Hampshire Adam , Owen Adrian , Howard Robert 
Published: April 2011

BackgroundChunking is a powerful encoding strategy that significantly improves
working memory performance in normal young people.AimsTo investigate chunking in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease and in
a control group of elderly people without cognitive impairment.MethodPeople with mild Alzheimer's disease (n = 28) were
recruited and divided according to Mini-Mental State Examination score
into mild and very mild disease groups. A control group of 15 elderly
individuals was also recruited. All participants performed digit and
spatial working memory tasks requiring either unstructured sequences or
structured sequences (which encourage chunking of information) to be
recalled.ResultsThe control group and both disease groups performed significantly better
on structured trials of the digit working memory tasks, indicating
successful use of chunking strategies to improve verbal working memory
performance. The control and very mild disease groups also performed
significantly better on structured trials of the spatial task, whereas
those with mild disease demonstrated no significant difference between
the structured and unstructured spatial conditions.ConclusionsThe ability to use chunking as an encoding strategy to improve verbal
working memory performance is preserved at the mild stage of Alzheimer's
disease, whereas use of chunking to improve spatial working memory is
impaired by this stage. Simple training in the use of chunking might be a
beneficial therapeutic strategy to prolong working memory functioning in
patients at the earliest stage of Alzheimer's disease.
Keeping therapies simple: psychoeducation in the prevention of
relapse in affective disorders
Authors: Colom Francesc 
Published: April 2011

SummaryPsychological interventions for mood disorders can be divided into ‘skilled’
and ‘simple‘. Psychoeducation belongs to the latter group: a simple and
illness-focused therapy with prophylactic efficacy in all major mood
disorders. Successful implementation of psychoeducation requires a proper
setting, including open-door policy, team effort and empowerment of the
therapeutic alliance.
Prognostic Significance of Mitotic Rate in Localized Primary Cutaneous Melanoma: An Analysis of Patients in the Multi-Institutional American Joint Committee on Cancer Melanoma Staging Database
Authors: Thompson John F. , Soong Seng-Jaw , Balch Charles M. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Ding Shouluan , Coit Daniel G. , Flaherty Keith T. , Gimotty Phyllis A. , Johnson Timothy , Johnson Marcella M. , Leong Stanley P. , Ross Merrick I. , Byrd David R. , Cascinelli Natale , Cochran Alistair J. , Eggermont Alexander M. , McMasters Kelly M. , Mihm Martin C. , Morton Donald L. , Sondak Vernon K. 
Published: April 2011

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the independent prognostic value of primary tumor mitotic rate compared with other clinical and pathologic features of stages I and II melanoma. Methods From the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) melanoma staging database, information was extracted for 13,296 patients with stages I and II disease who had mitotic rate data available. Results Survival times declined as mitotic rate increased. Ten-year survival ranged from 93% for patients whose tumors had 0 mitosis/mm2 to 48% for those with ≥ 20/mm2 (P < .001). Mean number of mitoses/mm2 increased as the primary melanomas became thicker (1.0 for melanomas ≤ 1 mm, 3.5 for 1.01 to 2.0 mm, 7.3 for 3.01 to 4.0 mm, and 9.6 for > 8 mm). Ulceration was also associated with a higher mitotic rate; 59% of ulcerated melanomas had ≥ 5 mitoses/mm2 compared with 16% of nonulcerated melanomas (P < .001). In a multivariate analysis of 10,233 patients, the independent predictive factors for survival in order of statistical significance were as follows: tumor thickness (χ2 = 104.9; P < .001), mitotic rate (χ2 = 67.0; P < .001), patient age (χ2 = 48.2; P < .001), ulceration (χ2 = 46.4; P < .001), anatomic site (χ2 = 34.6; P < .001), and patient sex (χ2 = 33.9; P < .001). Clark level of invasion was not an independent predictor of survival (χ2 = 3.2; P = .37). Conclusion A high mitotic rate in a primary melanoma is associated with a lower survival probability. Among the independent predictors of melanoma-specific survival, mitotic rate was the strongest prognostic factor after tumor thickness.
TP53 Mutations in Low-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes With del(5q) Predict Disease Progression
Authors: Jädersten Martin , Saft Leonie , Smith Alexander , Kulasekararaj Austin , Pomplun Sabine , Göhring Gudrun , Hedlund Anette , Hast Robert , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Porwit Anna , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Mufti Ghulam J. 
Published: April 2011

Purpose To determine the frequency of TP53 mutations and the level of p53 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with del(5q) and to assess their impact on disease progression. Patients and Methods Pre- and postprogression bone marrow (BM) samples from 55 consecutive patients with International Prognostic Scoring System low risk (n = 32) or intermediate-1 risk (n = 23) were studied by next-generation sequencing of TP53. IHC for p53 was performed on 148 sequential BM samples. Results TP53 mutations with a median clone size of 11% (range, 1% to 54%) were detected in 10 patients (18%) already at an early phase of the disease. Mutations were equally common in low-risk and intermediate-1–risk patients and were associated with evolution to acute myeloid leukemia (5 of 10 v 7 of 45; P = .045). Nine of 10 patients carrying mutations showed more than 2% BM progenitors with strong p53 staining. The probability of a complete cytogenetic response to lenalidomide was lower in mutated patients (0 of 7 v 12 of 24; P = .024). Conclusion By using sensitive deep-sequencing technology, we demonstrated that TP53 mutated populations may occur at an early disease stage in almost a fifth of low-risk MDS patients with del(5q). Importantly, mutations were present years before disease progression and were associated with an increased risk of leukemic evolution. TP53 mutations could not be predicted by common clinical features but were associated with p53 overexpression. Our findings indicate a previously unrecognized heterogeneity of the disease which may significantly affect clinical decision making.
Primary Health and Supportive Care Needs of Long-Term Cancer Survivors: A Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Harrison Siân E. , Watson Eila K. , Ward Alison M. , Khan Nada F. , Turner Daniel , Adams Eike , Forman David , Roche Monica F. , Rose Peter W. 
Published: April 2011

Purpose There are 1.2 million long-term cancer survivors in the United Kingdom. Existing research on the health and supportive care needs of these survivors is sparse and inconclusive. This study investigated health status, psychological morbidity, and supportive care needs in long-term cancer survivors in the United Kingdom. Methods Five to 16 years after diagnosis, 1,275 eligible survivors of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers were approached to participate in a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire explored health status (European Quality of Life–5 Dimensions), psychological morbidity (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and supportive care needs (Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs Measure). Data were analyzed by type of cancer and time since diagnosis. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of unmet supportive care needs. Results The response rate was 51.7% (659 survivors). Overall health status and levels of psychological morbidity were consistent with population norms. At least one unmet supportive care need was reported by 47.4% of survivors, but overall numbers of unmet needs were low (mean, 2.8; standard deviation, 4.8). The most frequently endorsed unmet need was for help to manage concerns about cancer recurrence. Trait anxiety (P < .001), nondischarged status (P < .01), dissatisfaction with discharge (P < .01), and receipt of hormonal therapy (P < .01) were predictive of unmet supportive care needs. Conclusion The findings suggest a majority of long-term breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer survivors who have no signs of recurrence report good health and do not have psychological morbidity or large numbers of unmet supportive care needs. A minority of long-term survivors may benefit from ongoing support. The identification and support of those long-term survivors with ongoing needs is a key challenge for health care professionals.
Effects of oxygen availability on maximum aerobic performance inMus musculusselected for basal metabolic rate or aerobic capacity
Authors: Gębczyński Andrzej K. , Konarzewski Marek 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYMaximum aerobic metabolism cannot increase indefinitely in response to demands for ATP production and, therefore, must be constrained by one (or many) of the steps of the oxygen transport and utilization pathways. To elucidate those constraints we compared peak metabolic rate elicited by running () in hypoxia (14% O2), normoxia (21% O2) and hyperoxia (30% O2) of laboratory mice divergently selected for low and high basal metabolic rate (L-BMR and H-BMR, respectively), mice selected for maximum metabolic rate elicited by swimming () and mice from unselected lines. In all line types was lowest in hypoxia, intermediate in normoxia and highest in hyperoxia, which suggests a ‘central’ limitation of oxygen uptake or delivery instead of a limit set by cellular oxidative capacity. However, the existence of a common central limitation is not in agreement with our earlier studies showing that selection on high (in contrast to selection on high BMR) resulted in considerably higher oxygen consumption during cold exposure in a He–O2 atmosphere than . Likewise, between-line-type differences in heart mass and blood parameters are inconsistent with the notion of central limitation. Although responses of to hypoxia were similar across different selection regimens, the selection lines showed contrasting responses under hyperoxic conditions. in the H-BMR line type was highest, suggesting that selection on high BMR led to increased cellular oxidative capacity. Overall, between-line-type differences in the effect of the oxygen partial pressure on and in the components of O2 flux pathways are incompatible with the notion of symmorphosis. Our results suggest that constraints on are context dependent and determined by interactions between the central and peripheral organs and tissues involved in O2 delivery.
Optimal Detection of Fetal Chromosomal Abnormalities by Massively Parallel DNA Sequencing of Cell-Free Fetal DNA from Maternal Blood
Authors: Sehnert Amy J , Rhees Brian , Comstock David , de Feo Eileen , Heilek Gabrielle , Burke John , Rava Richard P 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND
Massively parallel DNA sequencing of cell-free fetal DNA from maternal blood can detect fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Although existing algorithms focus on the detection of fetal trisomy 21 (T21), these same algorithms have difficulty detecting trisomy 18 (T18).

METHODS
Blood samples were collected from 1014 patients at 13 US clinic locations before they underwent an invasive prenatal procedure. All samples were processed to plasma, and the DNA extracted from 119 samples underwent massively parallel DNA sequencing. Fifty-three sequenced samples came from women with an abnormal fetal karyotype. To minimize the intra- and interrun sequencing variation, we developed an optimized algorithm by using normalized chromosome values (NCVs) from the sequencing data on a training set of 71 samples with 26 abnormal karyotypes. The classification process was then evaluated on an independent test set of 48 samples with 27 abnormal karyotypes.

RESULTS
Mapped sites for chromosomes of interest in the sequencing data from the training set were normalized individually by calculating the ratio of the number of sites on the specified chromosome to the number of sites observed on an optimized normalizing chromosome (or chromosome set). Threshold values for trisomy or sex chromosome classification were then established for all chromosomes of interest, and a classification schema was defined. Sequencing of the independent test set led to 100% correct classification of T21 (13 of 13) and T18 (8 of 8) samples. Other chromosomal abnormalities were also identified.

CONCLUSION
Massively parallel sequencing is capable of detecting multiple fetal chromosomal abnormalities from maternal plasma when an optimized algorithm is used.
In Situ Testing of Soft Soil at a Case Study Site with the Self-Boring Pressuremeter
Authors: Arulrajah A. , Bo M. W. , Piratheepan J. , Disfani M. M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The Changi East Reclamation Project in the Republic of Singapore involves improvement of marine clay by means of installation of prefabricated vertical drains and subsequent preloading. The in situ testing site was located in the Northern area of the project where the thickest compressible marine clay layers existed. The in situ testing site comprises of a vertical drain area where vertical drains were installed at 1.5 m square spacing and an adjacent control area without vertical drains. Both areas were preloaded with the same magnitude of preload over and above of proposed finished level. In situ tests were carried out using the self-boring pressuremeter test (SBPT) to determine especially the undrained shear strength and overconsolidation ratio of the marine clay together with some other geotechnical parameters prior to reclamation and after 23 month of preloading. In situ dissipation tests were also undertaken with the SBPT to provide a means of evaluating the in situ coefficient of consolidation due to horizontal flow (ch) and horizontal hydraulic conductivity (kh) of Singapore marine clay at Changi. Degree of consolidation was assessed 23 months after preloading using SBPTs data. The SBPT test indicates that the degree of consolidation of the vertical drain area had attained a degree of consolidation of about 80 % while the control area had attained a degree of consolidation of about 20–30 %. The ch determined by the SBPT prior to reclamation is noted to be an order of magnitude greater than the laboratory data. The kh results from SBPT in the Singapore marine clay are in the 10−9 to 10−11 m/s range.
Praxisorientierte Modellierung von Pumpensystemen für Monitoring, Regelung und Diagnose
Authors: Kleinmann Stefan , Stetter Ralf , Jalal Abdul 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
Der folgende Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung eines Modells von Dreispindelpumpen. Solche Pumpen werden heute in vielfältigen Anwendungsgebieten eingesetzt, z. B. in der Energieerzeugung. Das Modell dient der Simulation des Pumpensystems und soll in weiteren Schritten in vereinfachter Form in der Steuerung der Pumpe integriert werden, um fortgeschrittene modellbasierte Verfahren des Monitoring, der Regelung und Diagnose ermöglichen. Die Ergebnisse stammen aus einem gemeinsamen Projekt eines führenden Systemanbieters im Pumpembereich und dreier Hochschulen in Deutschland, Polen und der Schweiz.
Kompensation von harmonischen Störungen in piezoelastischen Strukturen
Authors: Rittenschober Thomas , Schlacher Kurt 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die Verwendung von piezoelektrischer Self-Sensing Aktuatorik in smarten Strukturen gestattet die Kollokation von Aktuatorik und Sensorik, vorausgesetzt, es gelingt eine robuste Trennung des elektrischen Stroms infolge des direkten piezoelektrischen Effekts vom gemessenen elektrischen Strom. Aufgrund des nachteiligen Verhältnisses der beiden Signale wird der Entwurf eines approximativen Beobachters für den elektrischen Strom infolge des direkten piezoelektrischen Effekts vorgeschlagen. Der Reglerentwurf basiert auf einer Erweiterung der Strecke durch ein Störgrößenmodell mit dem Ziel der asymptotischen Unterdrückung harmonischer Störungen. Die Stabilitätsuntersuchungen für das verteilt parametrische System basieren auf dem Satz über die kleine Verstärkungen. Die Effizienz des vorgeschlagenen Regelungskonzept wird an Hand einer piezoelastischen Struktur, die mit einer dominanten Eigenfrequenz angeregt wird, sowohl durch Simulation als auch im Laborversuch demonstriert.
Automatische Klassifikation von Bildzeitreihen für toxikologische Hochdurchsatz-Untersuchungen
Authors: Alshut Rüdiger , Mikut Ralf , Legradi Jessica , Liebel Urban , Strähle Uwe , Bretthauer Georg , Reischl Markus 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine neue bildbasierte Methode zur automatischen Klassifikation der Spontanbewegung und des Herzschlags in toxikologisch behandelten Zebrabärblingslarven vor, die sich für Hochdurchsatz-Verfahren in der Toxikologie eignet. Dabei werden neue Akquisestrategien vorgeschlagen, Merkmale aus Bildzeitreihen extrahiert und Klassifikatoren entworfen. Diese werden iterativ kombiniert und anhand von drei Substanzen prototypisch experimentell erprobt.
Testgenerierung für die Werkstattdiagnose auf der Basis struktureller Modelle
Authors: Ungermann Michael , Schwarzmann Dieter , Lunze Jan 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
Es wird ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung von automatischen Tests für die Werkstattdiagnose vorgestellt, das ein strukturelles Modell des zu diagnostizierenden Systems nutzt, in dem die Ursache-Wirkungsbeziehungen im fehlerfreien und im fehlerbehafteten Zustand dargestellt sind. Durch die ausgewählten Tests wird das System in Betriebszustände gesteuert, in denen bestimmte Fehler eine signifikante Wirkung entfalten während die Wirkung anderer Fehler verschwindet. Die Vorgehensweise wird am Beispiel der Drosselklappe eines Pkw-Motors illustriert.
Paralleles Rechnen von modellprädiktiven Regelungen auf der Optimierungsebene
Authors: Behrendt Stefan , Dünow Peter , Steinbrecher Christian , Lampe Bernhard P. 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschreibt ein Konzept zur Parallelisierung eines modellprädiktiven Regelungsverfahrens für lineare Prozessmodelle unter Berücksichtigung von Stellbegrenzungen. Durch die Parallelisierung auf der Basis von Mehrkern-Mikrocontrollern wird der Einsatz solcher Regelungen in eingebetteten Steuerungen auch für Prozessumgebungen mit hoher Dynamik erleichtert. Der Geschwindigkeitsgewinn der parallelen Implementierung hängt in hohem Maße von der Wahl geeigneter Startwerte ab. Im Beitrag werden ein heuristischer und ein systematischer Ansatz zur Ermittlung solcher Startwerte untersucht.
Regelung des EXPO-Pendels
Authors: Gorius Thomas , Seifried Robert , Eberhard Peter 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
Der deutsche Pavillon bei der Weltausstellung EXPO 2010 in Shanghai zeigte als seine Hauptattraktion ein großes interaktives Pendel. Das wichtigste Element dieses Pendels ist eine Kugel mit einem Durchmesser von 3 m, die mit ca. 400.000 LEDs bestückt ist. Die Kugel ist mithilfe einer dünnen Stange und einem Kardan-Gelenk an einem Kreuztisch aufgehängt und liefert den Zuschauern eine Licht- und Bewegungsshow. Dabei führt das Pendel sowohl große ebene Schwingungen als auch Kreisbewegungen aus, während die Bewegungen des Kreuztisches harten Beschränkungen unterliegen. In diesem Beitrag werden die hierfür entwickelten Regelungskonzepte vorgestellt und deren Wirksamkeit anhand von Experimenten gezeigt.
Hochempfindliche Dünnschichtsensoren basierend auf Terahertz-Wellenleitern
Authors: Theuer Michael , Grischkowsky Daniel R. , Beigang René 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
Terahertz Zeitbereichs-Spektroskopie ist in der Lage, durch Laufzeitanalyse dünne dielektrische Schichten aufzulösen. Durch die neue Messanordnung eines Zwei-Zylinder Wellenleiters konnte die Empfindlichkeit um den Faktor 150 auf bis zu 2,5 Mikrometer gesteigert werden. Eine Fehlerabschätzung lässt sogar eine sub-Mikrometer Auflösung erwarten. Selbst auf metallischen Folien ist dadurch die Dicke von dünnsten dielektrischen Schichten präzise zu bestimmen.
Zeitaufgelöste 3D3K Geschwindigkeitsfeldmessungen mit der fernmikroskopischen Astigmatismus PTV zur Analyse der elektrochemischen Kupferabscheidung
Authors: Cierpka Christian , Tschulik Kristina , Segura Rodrigo , Uhlemann Margitta , Kähler Christian J. 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
Der Einsatz der fernmikroskopischen 3D Astigmatismus PTV Methode ermöglicht die zeitlich und räumlich hochaufgelöste Messung des kompletten Geschwindigkeitsfeldes in einem Volumen. Die Methode kommt dabei ohne komplexe Kalibrierung mit nur einem optischen Zugang aus und arbeitet sehr zuverlässig. Es gelang hiermit erstmals die sehr komplexe Strömung, welche durch die Überlagerung der Lorentzkraft und der Magnetfeldgradientenkraft bei der elektrochemischen Kupferabscheidung entsteht, experimentell zu analysieren.
Micro Particle-Image-Velocimetry für Gasströmungen in Mikrokanälen
Authors: Burgmann Sebastian , van der Schoot Nadine , Wartmann Jens , Lindken Ralph 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
Es wird ein Messverfahren vorgestellt, mit dem sich die Geschwindigkeitsverteilung einer Mikrokanalströmung in der Gas- oder Flüssigphase bestimmen lässt. Diese Micro Particle-Image-Velocimetry (μPIV) genannte Technik ist ein berührungsloses, laseroptisches Geschwindigkeitsmessverfahren, das auf der Detektion von kleinsten der Strömung zugegebenen Partikeln bzw. deren Verschiebung beruht. Die μPIV ist insbesondere beim Einsatz in Gasströmungen entscheidend von den Partikeleigenschaften wie Fluoreszenz, Partikelgrößenverteilung und Partikelkonzentration abhängig. Das Partikelfolgeverhalten stellt einen kritischen Parameter der μPIV in Gasströmung dar. Die Messtechnik wird hier exemplarisch in einem optisch transparenten Mikrokanal mit einer 90°-Umlenkung angewendet, um die Anwendbarkeit der μPIV sowohl in einer Wasser- als auch einer Gasströmung zu demonstrieren.
Victimization, Aggression, and Visits to the School Nurse for Somatic Complaints, Illnesses, and Physical Injuries
Authors: Vernberg Eric M. , Nelson Timothy D. , Fonagy Peter , Twemlow Stuart W. 
Published: April 2011

OBJECTIVE:
To examine how involvement in aggressor-victim interactions is linked to somatic complaints, illnesses, and physical injuries among elementary school–aged children.

STUDY DESIGN:
This study was composed of a school-based sample of 590 children in grades 3 through 5. Independent sources were used to assess victimization (self-report) and aggression (peer report) in the fall semester. School nursing logs for the entire school year were collected in May and coded for the number of times each child presented with a somatic complaint, illness, or injury.

RESULTS:
Both aggression and victimization were significantly related to all 3 reasons for nurse visits, controlling for demographic variables. Higher levels of aggression and victimization each were independently associated with more frequent visits to the school nurse for somatic complaints, illnesses, and injuries. A significant victimization-times-aggression interaction was found for illnesses, with nonaggressive victimized children presenting most frequently for illness visits.

CONCLUSIONS:
Involvement in aggressor-victim interactions, as either aggressor, victim, or both, is associated with more frequent health complaints, based on school nursing logs. Prevention, early identification, and treatment of problems with victimization and aggression may have important health implications for children.