bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left bundle branch block and mortality in patients with acute heart failure syndrome: a substudy of the EFICA cohort
Authors: Huvelle Etienne , Fay Renaud , Alla François , Cohen Solal Alain , Mebazaa Alexandre , Zannad Faiez 
Published: December 2009

AimsIn patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), left bundle branch block (LBBB) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. We aimed to investigate the association of LBBB with short‐ and long‐term outcome in patients discharged after a de novo episode of acute heart failure (AHF) or AHF complicating a mild CHF.Methods and resultsPatients with no history of New York Heart Association class III and IV CHF, who were admitted for a severe AHF episode and enrolled in the prospective observational EFICA study (n = 403), were included. Left bundle branch block prevalence was 16%. Patients with LBBB had a higher prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy (23 vs. 10%, P < 0.005), a higher percentage of AHF episodes without identified precipitating factor (15 vs. 2%, P < 0.001), and were less likely to present increased markers of cardiac injury (41 vs. 56%, P = 0.04). The 4‐week mortality was 24.8% with no difference between LBBB and no LBBB patients. Left bundle branch block was however an independent predictor of 1‐year mortality in the 4‐week survivors [hazards ratio (95% confidence interval) = 2.01 (1.12–3.64), P = 0.02].ConclusionLong‐term outcome of patients surviving a severe episode of de novo AHF or AHF complicating a mild CHF is worsened by LBBB. These patients may constitute a subgroup at high risk in whom specific therapeutic solutions should be investigated.
Quantitative Proteomics of the Tonoplast Reveals a Role for Glycolytic Enzymes in Salt Tolerance
Authors: Barkla Bronwyn J. , Vera-Estrella Rosario , Hernández-Coronado Marcela , Pantoja Omar 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
To examine the role of the tonoplast in plant salt tolerance and identify proteins involved in the regulation of transporters for vacuolar Na+ sequestration, we exploited a targeted quantitative proteomics approach. Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis analysis of free flow zonal electrophoresis separated tonoplast fractions from control, and salt-treated Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants revealed the membrane association of glycolytic enzymes aldolase and enolase, along with subunits of the vacuolar H+-ATPase V-ATPase. Protein blot analysis confirmed coordinated salt regulation of these proteins, and chaotrope treatment indicated a strong tonoplast association. Reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed that the glycolytic enzymes interacted with the V-ATPase subunit B VHA-B, and aldolase was shown to stimulate V-ATPase activity in vitro by increasing the affinity for ATP. To investigate a physiological role for this association, the Arabidopsis thaliana cytoplasmic enolase mutant, los2, was characterized. These plants were salt sensitive, and there was a specific reduction in enolase abundance in the tonoplast from salt-treated plants. Moreover, tonoplast isolated from mutant plants showed an impaired ability for aldolase stimulation of V-ATPase hydrolytic activity. The association of glycolytic proteins with the tonoplast may not only channel ATP to the V-ATPase, but also directly upregulate H+-pump activity.
Heat Shock Protein Cognate 70-4 and an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, CHIP, Mediate Plastid-Destined Precursor Degradation through the Ubiquitin-26S Proteasome System inArabidopsis
Authors: Lee Sookjin , Lee Dong Wook , Lee Yongjik , Mayer Ulrike , Stierhof York-Dieter , Lee Sumin , Jürgens Gerd , Hwang Inhwan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPlastid-targeted proteins pass through the cytosol as unfolded precursors. If proteins accumulate in the cytosol, they can form nonspecific aggregates that cause severe cellular damage. Here, we demonstrate that high levels of plastid precursors are degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in Arabidopsis thaliana cells. The cytosolic heat shock protein cognate 70-4 (Hsc70-4) and E3 ligase carboxy terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) were highly induced in plastid protein import2 plants, which had a T-DNA insertion at Toc159 and showed an albino phenotype and a severe defect in protein import into chloroplasts. Hsc70-4 and CHIP together mediated plastid precursor degradation when import-defective chloroplast-targeted reporter proteins were transiently expressed in protoplasts. Hsc70-4 recognized specific sequence motifs in transit peptides and thereby led to precursor degradation through the UPS. CHIP, which interacted with Hsc70-4, functioned as an E3 ligase in the Hsc70-4–mediated protein degradation. The physiological role of Hsc70-4 was confirmed by analyzing Hsc70-4 RNA interfernce plants in an hsc70-1 mutant background. Plants with lower Hsc70 levels exhibited abnormal embryogenesis, resulting in defective seedlings that displayed high levels of reactive oxygen species and monoubiquitinated Lhcb4 precursors. We propose that Hsc70-4 and CHIP mediate plastid-destined precursor degradation to prevent cytosolic precursor accumulation and thereby play a critical role in embryogenesis.
The effect on outcome of peribulbar anaesthesia in conjunction with general anesthesia for vitreoretinal surgery
Authors: Ghali A. M. , El Btarny A. M. 
Published: December 2009

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to evaluate peri‐operative outcome after vitreoretinal surgery when peribulbar anaesthesia is combined with general anaesthesia. Sixty adult patients undergoing elective primary retinal detachment surgery with scleral buckling or an encircling procedure received either peribulbar anaesthesia in conjunction with general anaesthesia or general anaesthesia alone. For peribulbar anaesthesia a single percutaneous injection of 5–7 ml of local anaesthetic solution (0.75% ropivacaine with hyaluronidase 15 iu.ml−1) was used. The incidence of intra‐operative oculocardiac reflex and surgical bleeding interfering with the surgical field, postoperative pain and analgesia requirements, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded. In the block group there was a lower incidence of oculocardiac reflex and surgical bleeding intra‐operatively. Patients in the block group also had better postoperative analgesia and a lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting compared with the group without a block. The use of peribulbar anaesthesia in conjunction with general anesthesia was superior to general anaesthesia alone for vitreoretinal surgery with scleral buckling.
Latitudinal gradients in stream invertebrate assemblages at a regional scale on Hokkaido Island, Japan
Authors: MORI TERUTAKA , MURAKAMI MASASHI , SAITOH TAKASHI 
Published: December 2009

Summary1. Although a latitudinal gradient in species diversity has been observed for various taxa, the factors generating the latitudinal gradient at broad spatial scales are difficult to identify because several candidate factors change simultaneously with latitude. We investigated latitudinal gradients in stream invertebrate assemblages in 30 headwater streams in Hokkaido Island, Japan, focusing on the regional scale to discount historical factors and to extract the effects of environmental factors on latitudinal gradients in diversity.2. Taxon diversity (Shannon index) and taxon richness (number of taxa per unit area) increased with latitude. Abundance showed a similar latitudinal gradient, whereas evenness (Δ1) did not. Hence, we conclude that the observed latitudinal gradient in taxon richness was generated by directional variation in abundance (passive accumulation), leading to that in taxon diversity.3. Precipitation, which is strongly related to flood disturbances, decreased with latitude and was an important factor explaining variation in taxon diversity, taxon richness and abundance. The probability of a taxon being present tended to increase from south to north, suggesting that the higher taxon richness observed in northern sites may be because of the presence of rare species. These findings indicate that flood disturbance varying with latitude may influence abundance and local extinction rates of rare species, consequently affecting taxon richness and taxon diversity.4. By detecting the effects of an environmental factor (precipitation) on the latitudinal gradients in taxon diversity and taxon richness without interference by historical factors, this study demonstrates processes that can produce latitudinal gradients in the diversity of stream invertebrate assemblages.
Histopathology of alopecia: a clinicopathological approach to diagnosis
Authors: Stefanato Catherine M 
Published: December 2009

Stefanato C M (2010) Histopathology56, 24–38 Histopathology of alopecia: a clinicopathological approach to diagnosisInterpretation of the histopathological findings of primary scarring and non‐scarring alopecias may prove daunting. This is especially true if the biopsy specimen is inadequate, and the clinical history and pattern of the alopecia are not known. Common forms of scarring alopecias discussed here are the lymphocytic (discoid lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris, central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, pseudopelade of Brocq), the neutrophilic (folliculitis decalvans, dissecting folliculitis), and the mixed (acne keloidalis) entities. The non‐scarring alopecias reviewed are androgenic alopecia, telogen effluvium, alopecia areata, trichotillomania and traction alopecia. In all cases of primary alopecia, adequate tissue sampling and appropriate laboratory processing, in combination with pertinent clinical information, provide the key to diagnosis.
Cutaneous fibrohistiocytic tumours – an update
Authors: Luzar Boštjan , Calonje Eduardo 
Published: December 2009

Luzar B & Calonje E  (2010) Histopathology56, 148–165 Cutaneous fibrohistiocytic tumours – an updateThe term ‘fibrohistiocytic’ tumour is a descriptive designation without histogenetic connotation for a group of heterogeneous lesions that share morphological features of histiocytes and fibroblasts on light microscopy. However, over the years it has become apparent that many so‐called ‘fibrohistiocytic’ tumours are largely composed of relatively undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, but can also show areas of myofibroblastic differentiation. This review focuses on the clinical and histological features as well as differential diagnosis of so‐called fibrohistiocytic tumours. Special emphasis is given to more recently described histological variants of fibrous histiocytoma, e.g. cellular, epithelioid, aneurysmal and atypical fibrous histiocytoma, to angiomatous and plexiform fibrous histocytoma (plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumour), lesions that are not true variants of fibrous histiocytomas but have erroneously been designated such, and to atypical fibroxanthoma. The literature on metastasizing fibrous histiocytoma is also reviewed.
Clues to the diagnosis of atypical melanocytic lesions
Authors: McKee Phillip H 
Published: December 2009

McKee P H (2010) Histopathology56, 100–111 Clues to the diagnosis of atypical melanocytic lesionsThis review, based on a lecture given at the 2009 Update in Dermatopathology meeting held at the Institute of Dermatology (London, UK), discusses the problem of misdiagnosing atypical benign melanocytic lesions as melanoma and the alternative problem of interpreting naevoid melanoma as a banal naevus. Consequences are considered. Brief consideration of a range of other melanoma variants that may be a source of diagnostic difficulty is also included.
Sebaceous neoplasia and the Muir–Torre syndrome: important connections with clinical implications
Authors: Shalin Sara C , Lyle Stephen , Calonje Eduardo , Lazar Alexander J F 
Published: December 2009

Shalin S C, Lyle S, Calonje E & Lazar A J F (2010) Histopathology56, 133–147 Sebaceous neoplasia and the Muir–Torre syndrome: important connections with clinical implicationsSebaceous neoplasia comprises a spectrum ranging from benign to malignant. Proper histological identification is important for treatment, prognosis and potential association with the Muir–Torre syndrome (MTS). Our increased understanding of the significance and pathogenesis of these tumours has led to improved risk stratification, screening recommendations, and treatment of patients with an initial presentation of a sebaceous tumour. This review focuses on the diagnostic and histological features of sebaceous lesions, the MTS, and recent insights into the molecular pathogenesis of sebaceous tumours.
Dermatopathological challenges in the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome era
Authors: Ramdial Pratistadevi K 
Published: December 2009

Ramdial P K (2010) Histopathology56, 39–56 Dermatopathological challenges in the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome eraThe histopathological assessment of cutaneous lesions is critical to the definitive diagnosis of many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome‐associated dermatoses, infections and tumours. Dermatopathological challenges stem mainly from the altered histopathological profile of established cutaneous entities compared with that in the HIV‐unaffected population, the emergence of new diseases and the impact of therapeutic modalities on cutaneous lesions. This review focuses on some of these diagnostic dilemmas, with emphasis on the following challenges: (i) infective diagnostic pitfalls; (ii) itchy papular skin lesions; (iii) co‐lesional comorbid diseases; (iv) drug‐induced disease alterations; and (v) neoplastic and pseudoneoplastic proliferations. The drug‐induced alterations include highly active antiretroviral therapy‐associated disease modifications.
Immunocytochemistry and the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoma
Authors: Robson Alistair 
Published: December 2009

Robson A (2010) Histopathology56, 71–90 Immunocytochemistry and the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphomaCutaneous lymphoid infiltrates may pose some of the most difficult diagnostic problems in dermatopathology. Immunocytochemistry is often employed in an effort to determine whether an infiltrate is neoplastic or, in the case of clearly malignant infiltrates, to provide a specific diagnosis. The rarity of these disorders and the variant immunocytochemical profiles they may present further thwart understanding and sometimes prevent an accurate diagnosis. In this review the common immunocytochemical profiles of various cutaneous lymphomas are presented and potential pitfalls and problems considered. Immunocytochemistry is not a diagnostic test but, as in other areas of histopathology, is a highly valuable tool that requires critical interpretation within a context: so applied, it is an indispensable part of the pathologist’s arsenal in evaluating lymphoid infiltrates and defining different lymphomas.
Bombyx mori Ras proteins BmRas1, BmRas2 and BmRas3 are neither farnesylated nor palmitoylated but are geranylgeranylated
Authors: Moriya K. , Tsubota T. , Ishibashi N. , Yafune A. , Suzuki T. , Kobayashi J. , Shiotsuki T. , Utsumi T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe lipid modifications which occur on Bombyx mori Ras proteins BmRas1, BmRas2 and BmRas3 were studied by metabolic labelling in an insect cell‐free protein synthesis system and in a baculovirus expression system, using specific inhibitors of protein prenylation and protein palmitoylation. In addition, the subcellular localization of BmRas proteins was examined using EGFP fusion proteins of constitutively active forms of BmRas proteins transiently expressed in Sf9 cells. As a result, it was revealed that the three B. mori Ras proteins BmRas1, BmRas2 and BmRas3 are neither farnesylated nor palmitoylated but are geranylgeranylated for localization to the plasma membrane of insect cells. Thus, the mechanism of membrane binding of insect Ras proteins is quite different from that reported for mammalian Ras proteins.
Large herbivores facilitate savanna tree establishment via diverse and indirect pathways
Authors: Goheen Jacob R. , Palmer Todd M. , Keesing Felicia , Riginos Corinna , Young Truman P. 
Published: December 2009

Summary1.Savanna ecosystems are defined largely by tree–grass mixtures, and tree establishment is a key driver of community structure and ecosystem function in these systems. The factors controlling savanna tree establishment are understudied, but likely involve some combination of seed, microsite and predator/fire limitation. In African savannas, suppression and killing of adult trees by large mammals like elephants (Loxodonta africanaBlumenbach, 1797) and giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalisLinnaeus, 1758) can maintain tree–grass co‐dominance, although the impacts of even these conspicuous herbivores on tree establishment also are poorly understood.2.We combined seed addition and predator exclusion experiments with a large‐scale, long‐term field manipulation of large herbivores to investigate the relative importance of seeds, microsites and predators in limiting establishment of a monodominant tree (Acacia drepanolobiumSjostedt) in a Kenyan savanna.3.Both wild and domestic (i.e. cattle;Bos taurusLinnaeus, 1758) large herbivores facilitated tree establishment by suppressing abundances of rodents, the most important seed and seedling predators. However, this indirect, positive effect of wild herbivores was negated by wild herbivores’ suppression of seed production. Cattle did not have this direct, negative impact; rather, they further assisted tree establishment by reducing cover of understorey grasses. Thus, the impacts of both groups of large herbivores on tree establishment were largely routed through other taxa, with a negligible net effect of wild herbivores and a positive net effect of cattle on tree establishment.4.The distinction between the (positive) net effect of cattle and (neutral) net effect of wild herbivores is due to the inclusion of browsers and mixed feeders within the assemblage of wild herbivores. Browsing by wild herbivores limited seed production, which reduced tree recruitment; grazing by cattle was more pronounced than that by wild herbivores, and thus promoted germination and subsequent establishment of small trees.5.Our study is the first to link seed fates to tree establishment in savanna ecosystems in experimentally‐manipulated herbivore communities. Further, our results highlight how large herbivores can modify a suite of independent factors – seed production, competition with understorey species, and seed and seedling predation – to collectively drive tree establishment.
Spontaneous succession in limestone quarries as an effective restoration tool for endangered arthropods and plants
Authors: Tropek Robert , Kadlec Tomas , Karesova Petra , Spitzer Lukas , Kocarek Petr , Malenovsky Igor , Banar Petr , Tuf Ivan H. , Hejda Martin , Konvicka Martin 
Published: December 2009

Summary1.The view of post‐mining sites is rapidly changing among ecologists and conservationists, as sensitive restoration using spontaneous succession may turn such sites into biodiversity refuges in human‐exploited regions. However, technical reclamation, consisting of covering the sites by topsoil, sowing fast‐growing herb mixtures and planting trees, is still commonly adopted. Until now, no multi‐taxa study has compared technically reclaimed sites and sites left with spontaneous succession.2.We sampled communities of vascular plants and 10 arthropod groups in technically reclaimed and spontaneously restored plots in limestone quarries in the Bohemian Karst, Czech Republic. For comparison, we used pairedt‐tests and multivariate methods, emphasizing red‐list status and habitat specialization of individual species.3.We recorded 692 species of target taxa, with a high proportion of red‐listed (10%) and xeric specialist (14%) species, corroborating the great conservation potential of the quarries.4.Spontaneously restored post‐mining sites did not differ in species richness from the technical reclaimed sites but they supported more rare species. The microhabitat cover of leaf litter, herbs and moss, were all directly influenced by the addition of topsoil during reclamation.5.Synthesis and applications.Our results show that the high conservation potential of limestone quarries could be realized by allowing succession to progress spontaneously with minimal intervention. Given the threat to semi‐natural sparsely vegetated habitats in many regions, active restoration measures at post‐mining sites should be limited to maintenance of early successional stages, instead of acceleration of succession.
Comparing opportunistic and systematic sampling methods for non‐invasive genetic monitoring of a small translocated brown bear population
Authors: De Barba Marta , Waits Lisette P. , Genovesi Piero , Randi Ettore , Chirichella Roberta , Cetto Ermanno 
Published: December 2009

Summary 1. Non‐invasive genetic sampling (NGS) of hair and faeces has become an important tool for monitoring wildlife populations, but many managers question the feasibility and cost‐effectiveness of these methods for long‐term monitoring. To address this question, more studies are needed that simultaneously evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of multiple NGS designs in the same study area. 2. In 2003–2004, we carried out an experimental study of NGS for a small brown bear Ursus arctos population established by translocation in the Italian Alps. We evaluated and compared the effectiveness and efficiency of three NGS approaches including two systematic designs, baited hair traps and transect sampling of hair and faeces, and opportunistic collection of faecal and hair samples. Effectiveness was evaluated in terms of the number of samples collected, bears identified, genotyping success and error rate, detection frequencies, individual movement and spatial distribution of the species. We also evaluated the suitability of the data collected for population size estimation using single‐ and multi‐session approaches. Efficiency was assessed by calculating total cost/genotyped sample, cost/unique bear identified and cost/bear sample. 3. During 2 years of sampling, 1164 samples and 15 unique genotypes were obtained. From these genotypes, we documented reproduction, an increase in the minimum population size of bears in the study area and important information on specific bears causing damages to property. 4. The optimal sampling strategy combined systematic hair trapping and opportunistic sampling, as the pooled data set efficiently provided large sample quantities, the highest number of identified bears, multiple individual detections, information on bear distribution and suitable data for population size estimation. 5. We provide an example of how the efficiency of NGS monitoring can be improved by integrating sampling into routine duties of existing field personnel. 6.
Synthesis and applications. This study provides baseline data for monitoring brown bears in the Italian Alps and has important implications for NGS of other small populations in human‐dominated landscapes. Conservation of small populations in such habitats will benefit from multiple strategies that obtain critical demographic, spatial and genetic information in a cost‐effective manner.