bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The quark flavor-violating ALPs in light of B mesons and hadron colliders
Authors: Li Tong , Qian Zhuoni , Schmidt Michael A. , Yuan Man 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The axion-like particle (ALP) may induce flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNCs) when the fermions’ Peccei-Quinn charges are not generation universal. The search for flavor-violating ALP couplings with a bottom quark so far focused on FCNC processes of B mesons at low energies. The recent measurements of B → K + X rare decays place stringent bounds on the quark flavor violations of a light ALP in different decay modes. In this work we propose a novel direct search for bottom flavor-violating interaction of a heavy ALP at the LHC and its upgrades, namely QCD production of an ALP associated with one b jet and one light jet p p → b j a. We consider the decay of the ALP to photons, muons and invisible ALP decays. The Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) algorithm is used to analyze the events and we train the BDT classifier by feeding in the kinematic observables of signal and backgrounds. Finally, we show the complementarity between the search prospects of hadron colliders and the low-energy B meson constraints from B meson mixing and B meson decays to a light ALP.
Toward QCD on quantum computer: orbifold lattice approach
Authors: Bergner Georg , Hanada Masanori , Rinaldi Enrico , Schäfer Andreas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We propose an orbifold lattice formulation of QCD suitable for quantum simulations. We show explicitly how to encode gauge degrees of freedom into qubits using noncompact variables, and how to write down a simple truncated Hamiltonian in the coordinate basis. We show that SU(3) gauge group variables and quarks in the fundamental representation can be implemented straightforwardly on qubits, for arbitrary truncation of the gauge manifold.
Numerical Ranges of Antilinear Operators
Authors: Kołaczek Damian , Müller Vladimir 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe study numerical ranges of antilinear operators on both Hilbert and Banach spaces. We prove that the numerical range of an antilinear operator on at least two-dimensional space is always a disc, and so a convex set. This improves existing results. We also study other properties known for numerical ranges of linear operators and discuss similarities and differences in the antilinear setting.
Impaired skin barrier and allergic sensitization in 16-year-old adolescents
Authors: Pechlivanis Sonali , Schmausser-Hechfellner Elisabeth , Schaub Bianca , Skevaki Chrysanthi , Barnig Cindy , Roduit Caroline , Divaret-Chauveau Amandine , Karvonen Anne M. , Riedler Josef , Illi Sabina , von Mutius Erika ,   PASTURE Study Group, Beerweiler Claudia , Böck Andreas , Renz Harald , Foppiano Francesco , Genuneit Jon , Theodorou Johanna , Depner Martin , Ege Markus J , Pagani Giulia , Kabesch Michael , Pfefferle Petra I. , Pekkanen Juha , Roponen Marjut , Täubel Martin , Kirjavainen Pirkka V. , Frei Remo , Lauener Roger , Laurent Lucie , Dalphin Marie-Laure 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) has been used to measure skin barrier function and has been associated with atopic dermatitis and allergic diseases in infancy. However, few studies have assessed the association between TEWL and allergic diseases in adolescents.

Objective
To investigate the association between TEWL and allergic sensitizations in 16-year-old adolescents.

Materials and methods
The study was conducted in 78 adolescents of the PASTURE study. Different types of sensitization (seasonal, perennial, inhalant, food and any) were defined using serum specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and skin prick test. TEWL was measured on the crook of either right or the left arm using a TEWAMETER® TM 300 (Courage + Khazaka electronic, Cologne, Germany) at mean temperature and humidity of 24.1 °C and 36.1%, respectively. The mean TEWL and interquartile range (IQR) were 11.9 ± 4.4 and 4.8 g/m2/h respectively.

Results
In our study, TEWL was positively associated with any sensitization (adjusted odds ratio [OR] per-IQR of the probability of increased TEWL [95% confidence interval]: OR 2.64; [1.12–6.19]; p = 0.03) and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC; OR 1.92; [1.04–3.54]; p = 0.04), but not with asthma or atopic dermatitis. When separating any sensitization into perennial and seasonal, only perennial sensitization (OR 3.30; [1.42–7.43]; p = 0.005) was associated with TEWL.

Conclusion
In the present study, we show the association of defective skin barrier function measured as TEWL with perennial sensitization and ARC suggesting its possible role in the pathogenesis of ARC through sensitization.
High-Grade REE accumulation in regolith: Insights from supergene alteration of an apatite-rich vein at the Kapunda Cu mine, South Australia
Authors: Bamforth Tobias G. , Xia Fang , Tiddy Caroline J. , González-Álvarez Ignacio , Brugger Joël , Hu Si-Yu , Schoneveld Louise E. , Pearce Mark A. , Putnis Andrew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe stratiform and vein-hosted Kapunda Cu deposit in South Australia contains a saprolitized hydrothermal vein with 12.37 wt.% total rare earth oxide (TREO). The vein was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction to understand the controls that govern high-grade REE accumulation during periods of intense weathering. Petrological assessments indicate the transformation of an apatite-calcite-aluminosilicate-bearing protolith to a supergene assemblage of Fe-oxides, kaolinite and REE-phosphate minerals that include rhabdophane-(Ce), monazite-(Ce) and florencite-(Ce). This transformation was facilitated by progressive acidification of the weathering fluid, which is indicated by: 1) the increasing crystallinity of authigenic Fe-oxides and kaolinite, which led to REE desorption; 2) the textural evolution and increase in grain size of authigenic REE-phosphates from nanoscopic crystallites, to acicular needles, to micro-scale hexagonal prisms; 3) the late dissolution of REE-phosphates; and 4) the replacement of goethite by jarosite, whose sulfate component originated from the oxidation and weathering of proximal sulfide minerals. Alongside the depletion of pH-buffering carbonate minerals that are indicated by the preservation of calcite menisci, this sulfide dissolution also facilitated acid generation. Results illustrate how highly acidic weathering fluids might facilitate either REE mobilization or REE accumulation in regolith. High-grade REE accumulation under acidic supergene conditions is prioritized when the host-rock contains a significant source of depositional ligands (i.e., phosphate in the form of apatite) that can be readily leached during intense weathering. Exploration companies should therefore assay routinely for REEs in any heavily weathered phosphatic rock, due to the observed efficiency of phosphate minerals as geochemical traps for REE accumulation.
The Executioner Paradox: understanding self-referential dilemma in computational systems
Authors: Mahajan Sachit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs computational systems burgeon with advancing artificial intelligence (AI), the deterministic frameworks underlying them face novel challenges, especially when interfacing with self-modifying code. The Executioner Paradox, introduced herein, exemplifies such a challenge where a deterministic Executioner Machine (EM) grapples with self-aware and self-modifying code. This unveils a self-referential dilemma, highlighting a gap in current deterministic computational frameworks when faced with self-evolving code. In this article, the Executioner Paradox is proposed, highlighting the nuanced interactions between deterministic decision-making and self-aware code, and the ensuing challenges. This article advocates for a re-evaluation of existing deterministic frameworks, emphasizing the need for adaptive decision-making mechanisms in computational systems. By dissecting the Executioner Paradox, the aim is to foster a robust discussion on evolving deterministic frameworks to accommodate the dynamic nature of self-modifying code, thereby contributing a forward-looking lens to the discourse on computational systems amidst advancing AI.
On the optimality of DIA-estimators: theory and applications
Authors: Teunissen P. J. G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this contribution, we introduce, in analogy to penalized ambiguity resolution, the concept of penalized misclosure space partitioning, with the goal of directing the performance of the DIA-estimator towards its application-dependent tolerable risk objectives. We assign penalty functions to each of the decision regions in misclosure space and use the distribution of the misclosure vector to determine the optimal partitioning by minimizing the mean penalty. As each minimum mean penalty partitioning depends on the given penalty functions, different choices can be made, in dependence of the application. For the DIA-estimator, we introduce a special set of penalty functions that penalize its unwanted outcomes. It is shown how this set allows one to construct the optimal DIA-estimator, being the estimator that within its class has the largest probability of lying inside a user specified tolerance region. Further elaboration shows how these penalty functions are driven by the influential biases of the different hypotheses and how they can be used operationally. Hereby the option is included of extending the misclosure partitioning with an additional undecided region to accommodate situations when it will be hard to discriminate between some of the hypotheses or when identification is unconvincing. By extending the analogy with integer ambiguity resolution to that of integer-equivariant ambiguity resolution, we also introduce the maximum probability estimator within the similar larger class.
Effect of channel expansion angle near injector outlet on a rotating detonation engine performance
Authors: Nakajima K. , Matsuoka K. , Itouyama N. , Kasahara J. , Kawasaki A. , Matsuo A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA rotating detonation engine (RDE) is expected to achieve a pressure gain (PG) in which the total pressure of the product at the engine exit exceeds the total pressure of the supplied oxidizer. However, many non-ideal phenomena exist in the RDE, which hinder the achievement of a PG. This study focused on the channel expansion angle near injector outlet which is considered to impact the structure of detonation wave and the PG performance. Combustion tests were conducted by varying the channel expansion angle near the axially injected oxidizer injector outlet to 90$$^{\circ }$$

∘

and 30$$^{\circ }$$

∘

. As a result, the thrust was not affected by the expansion angle, but the propagation velocity of detonation wave at an expansion angle of 90$$^{\circ }$$

∘

was approximately 5% higher than that at an expansion angle of 30$$^{\circ }$$

∘

. A comparison utilizing the pressure increase ratio obtained from the fluctuating pressure in the combustion chamber suggested that the Mach number of the detonation wave was higher for an expansion angle of 90$$^{\circ }$$

∘

. As a result of evaluating the PG performance utilizing the equivalent available pressure obtained from thrust measurements, it was not confirmed to differ with changes in the expansion angle.
Does “all disease begin in the gut”? The gut-organ cross talk in the microbiome
Authors: Chaudhary Prem Prashant , Kaur Mahaldeep , Myles Ian A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe human microbiome, a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms within the body, plays pivotal roles in health and disease. This review explores site-specific microbiomes, their role in maintaining health, and strategies for their upkeep, focusing on oral, lung, vaginal, skin, and gut microbiota, and their systemic connections. Understanding the intricate relationships between these microbial communities is crucial for unraveling mechanisms underlying human health. Recent research highlights bidirectional communication between the gut and distant microbiome sites, influencing immune function, metabolism, and disease susceptibility. Alterations in one microbiome can impact others, emphasizing their interconnectedness and collective influence on human physiology. The therapeutic potential of gut microbiota in modulating distant microbiomes offers promising avenues for interventions targeting various disorders. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and technological advancements, we can harness the power of the microbiome to revolutionize healthcare, emphasizing microbiome-centric approaches to promote holistic well-being while identifying areas for future research.
Effects of irrigation amounts and a deficit irrigation strategy on water status and yields of intensively cultivated jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis)
Authors: Ben-Gal Alon , Badichi Shamir , Ron Yonatan , Perry Aviad , Yermiyahu Uri , Tietel Zipora , Tel Zur Noemi , Dag Arnon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractJojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is cultivated for its seeds, which contain a high-value liquid wax. There is little known regarding irrigation requirements of intensively cultivated jojoba. The project’s objectives were to evaluate the effects of irrigation regime on water status, growth, yield, and water productivity (WP, wax yield per unit of water applied) of intensely cultivated jojoba. An experiment was conducted over six years in a 14-year-old commercial plantation in Israel’s Northern Negev Desert. Treatments included: Control irrigation according to best commercial practice of returning reference evapotranspiration multiplied by a crop coefficient (Kc) of 0.5; Low irrigation providing 75% (Kc = 0.375) of the control; High irrigation providing 125% (Kc = 0.625) of the control; Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) according to the control treatment, terminated for one to two months, after the wax accumulation stage. Stem water potential (SWP) consistently indicated jojoba water status. Increasing water application from − 25% to the control and further to + 25% led to augmented vegetative growth and number of seeds, but yield was increased at rates lower than the differences in water application by the treatments, such that WP was negatively associated. Effects on yield were limited to higher yielding ‘On’ years. The RDI treatment resulted in yield not different from the control and 15% higher WP, but significantly inhibited seed removal during mechanical harvesting. The results suggest commercial potential for increasing profits through water savings. Further research is needed to determine RDI regimes without detrimental effects on harvesting efficiency.
A hybrid transmission model for Plasmodium vivax accounting for superinfection, immunity and the hypnozoite reservoir
Authors: Mehra Somya , Taylor Peter G. , McCaw James M. , Flegg Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMalaria is a vector-borne disease that exacts a grave toll in the Global South. The epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax, the most geographically expansive agent of human malaria, is characterised by the accrual of a reservoir of dormant parasites known as hypnozoites. Relapses, arising from hypnozoite activation events, comprise the majority of the blood-stage infection burden, with implications for the acquisition of immunity and the distribution of superinfection. Here, we construct a novel model for the transmission of P. vivax that concurrently accounts for the accrual of the hypnozoite reservoir, (blood-stage) superinfection and the acquisition of immunity. We begin by using an infinite-server queueing network model to characterise the within-host dynamics as a function of mosquito-to-human transmission intensity, extending our previous model to capture a discretised immunity level. To model transmission-blocking and antidisease immunity, we allow for geometric decay in the respective probabilities of successful human-to-mosquito transmission and symptomatic blood-stage infection as a function of this immunity level. Under a hybrid approximation—whereby probabilistic within-host distributions are cast as expected population-level proportions—we couple host and vector dynamics to recover a deterministic compartmental model in line with Ross-Macdonald theory. We then perform a steady-state analysis for this compartmental model, informed by the (analytic) distributions derived at the within-host level. To characterise transient dynamics, we derive a reduced system of integrodifferential equations, likewise informed by our within-host queueing network, allowing us to recover population-level distributions for various quantities of epidemiological interest. In capturing the interplay between hypnozoite accrual, superinfection and acquired immunity—and providing, to the best of our knowledge, the most complete population-level distributions for a range of epidemiological values—our model provides insights into important, but poorly understood, epidemiological features of P. vivax.
Are the Nutritional Properties of Organic Tomatoes Altered by Single and Combined Microbial Soil Inoculants?: A Multiperspective Approach
Authors: Tóth Eszter , Csambalik László , Biró Borbála , Gere Attila , Koren Dániel , Kotroczó Zsolt , Szalai Zita 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiologically active compounds are key-important ingredients of tomato fruits, especially those produced by organic agricultural practices. Being biologically effective soil treatments, microbial inoculants can improve soil quality through a variety of mechanisms. Their activity can influence soil properties and plant development, thereby determining the quantity and quality of the crop. However, little research was done on how these inoculants affect the nutritional quality of the tomato fruit and on the antioxidant status of the fruits. This study investigated lycopene content and total antioxidant capacity of organically grown tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. ‘Mobil’) using various types of single and combined bioeffector products in two growing seasons. Single inoculation contained Trichoderma harzianum, plant growth promoting Pseudomonas sp., and phosphorus-mobilizing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains. The combined treatment consisted of biotic Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Bacillus subtilis strains with abiotic micronutrients of zinc and manganese. Sum of ranking differences method, as a multicriteria optimization method, was used to rank the treatments and identify the ones deviating the least from the reference treatment. The results showed that all microbial soil inoculants positively affected tomato lycopene content. The combined treatment showed significantly higher lycopene content than the Control in both years. We found that weather and climate conditions also greatly influence the total antioxidant capacity. Based on our results, we recommend the use of combined bioeffective treatments to improve the food quality value of tomato fruits.
Covariance structure tests for multivariate t-distribution
Authors: Filipiak Katarzyna , Kollo Tõnu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe derive an equation system for finding Maximum Likelihood Estimators (MLEs) for the parameters of a p-dimensional t-distribution with $$\nu $$
ν
degrees of freedom, $$t_{p,\nu }$$

t

p
,
ν

, and use the MLEs for testing covariance structures for the $$t_{p,\nu }$$

t

p
,
ν

-distributed population. The likelihood ratio test (LRT), Rao score test (RST) and Wald test (WT) statistics are derived under the general null-hypothesis $$\textrm{H}_0:\varvec{\Sigma }=\varvec{\Sigma }_0$$

H
0

:

Σ

=

Σ

0

, using a matrix derivative technique. Here the $$p\times p$$

p
×
p

-matrix $$\varvec{\Sigma }$$

Σ

is a dispersion/scale parameter. Convergence to the asymptotic chi-square distribution under the null hypothesis is examined in extensive simulation experiments. Also the convergence to the chi-square distribution is studied empirically in the situation when the MLEs of a $$t_{p,\nu }$$

t

p
,
ν

-distribution are changed to the corresponding estimators for a normal population. Type I errors and the power of the tests are also examined by simulation. In the simulation study the RST behaved more adequately than all remaining statistics in the situation when the dimensionality p was growing.
Disentangling the heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis through identification of independent neuropathological dimensions
Authors: de Boer Alyse , van den Bosch Aletta M. R. , Mekkes Nienke J. , Fransen Nina L. , Dagkesamanskaia Ekaterina , Hoekstra Eric , Hamann Jörg , Smolders Joost , Huitinga Inge , Holtman Inge R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous neurological disorder with regards to clinical presentation and pathophysiology. Here, we investigated the heterogeneity of MS by performing an exploratory factor analysis on quantitative and qualitative neuropathology data collected for 226 MS donors in the Netherlands Brain Bank autopsy cohort. Three promising dimensions were identified and subsequently validated with clinical, neuropathological, and genetic data. Dimension 1 ranged from a predominance of remyelinated and inactive lesions to extensive pathological changes, higher proportions of active and mixed lesions, and foamy microglia morphology. This pattern was positively correlated with more severe disease, the presence of B and T cells, and neuroaxonal damage. Scoring high on dimension 2 was associated with active lesions, reactive sites, and the presence of nodules. These donors had less severe disease, a specific pattern of cortical lesions, and MS risk variants in the human leukocyte antigen region, the latter indicating a connection between disease onset and this neuropathological dimension. Donors scoring high on dimension 3 showed increased lesional pathology with relatively more mixed and inactive lesions and ramified microglia morphology. This pattern was associated with longer disease duration, subpial cortical lesions, less involvement of the adaptive immune system, and less axonal damage. Taken together, the three dimensions may represent (1) demyelination and immune cell activity associated with pathological and clinical progression, (2) microglia (re)activity and possibly lesion initiation, and (3) loss of lesion activity and scar formation. Our findings highlight that a thorough understanding of the interplay between multiple pathological characteristics is crucial to understand the heterogeneity of MS pathology, as well as its association with genetic predictors and disease outcomes. The scores of donors on the dimensions can serve as an important starting point for further disentanglement of MS heterogeneity and translation into observations and interventions in living cohorts with MS.