bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current epidemiology and management trends in acoustic neuroma
Authors: Gal Thomas J. , Shinn Jennifer , Huang Bin 
Published: April 2010

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the epidemiology of acoustic neuroma and determine current trends in therapy using tumor registry techniques.Study DesignAnalysis of a national database.Subjects and MethodsThe Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database is a national tumor registry that began to identify and abstract benign and borderline tumors of the brain and central nervous system in the year 2004. Coding for International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD‐O‐3) codes for schwannoma (9560/0) with collaborative staging (CS) coding for acoustic nerve (72.4) was used to identify acoustic neuromas. Demographic data, tumor size, and treatment data were analyzed.ResultsA total of 1621 patients with acoustic neuroma were identified, for an incidence rate of 1.1/100,000. Mean age was 53.1 years. Tumors were equally distributed across gender and tumor laterality, with the majority (84%) occurring in Caucasians. Nine hundred sixty‐four patients (59.5%) were treated with surgery, whereas 341 (21.0%) were treated with radiation. A total of 1.6 percent received combined therapy over the study period, with the remaining patients receiving either no treatment or unknown therapy. Of tumors less than 2 cm, 27.2 percent were treated with radiotherapy. Statistically significant associations were observed with the increased use of radiotherapy for small (< 2 cm) tumors (P = 0.0001).ConclusionUnlike data from single series, which usually represent individual treatment preferences and techniques, use of SEER data allows for the assessment of demographics and treatment trends at the national level. The results and potential applications are discussed.
GENERALIZED INVERSES OF A SUM IN RINGS
Authors: CASTRO-GONZÁLEZ N. , MENDES-ARAÚJO C. , PATRICIO PEDRO 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe study properties of the Drazin index of regular elements in a ring with a unity 1. We give expressions for generalized inverses of 1−ba in terms of generalized inverses of 1−ab. In our development we prove that the Drazin index of 1−ba is equal to the Drazin index of 1−ab.
Invariant colorings of random planar maps
Authors: TIMÁR ÁDÁM 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe show that every locally finite random graph embedded in the plane with an isometry-invariant distribution can be five-colored in an invariant and deterministic way, under some non-triviality assumption and a mild assumption on the tail of edge lengths. The assumptions hold for any Voronoi map on a point process that has no non-trivial symmetries almost surely, hence we improve and generalize previous results on six-coloring the Voronoi map on a Poisson point process (see Angel, Benjamini, Gurel-Gurevich, Mayerovitch and Peled [Stationary map coloring. Preprint, 2008]).
The law of series
Authors: DOWNAROWICZ T. , LACROIX Y. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe consider an ergodic process on finitely many states, with positive entropy. Our main result asserts that the distribution function of the normalized waiting time for the first visit to a small (i.e., over a long block) cylinder set B is, for majority of such cylinders and up to epsilon, dominated by the exponential distribution function 1−e−t. That is, the occurrences of B along the time axis can appear either with gap sizes of nearly the exponential distribution (as in an independent and identically distributed process), or they attract each other and create ‘series’. We recall that in [T. Downarowicz, Y. Lacroix and D. Leandri. Spontaneous clustering in theoretical and some empirical stochastic processes. ESAIM Probab. Stat. to appear] it is proved that in a typical (in the sense of category) ergodic process (of any entropy), all cylinders B of selected lengths (such lengths have upper density 1 in ℕ) reveal strong attracting. Combining this with the result of this paper, we obtain, globally in ergodic processes of positive entropy and for long cylinder sets, the prevalence of attracting and deficiency of repelling. This phenomenon resembles what in real life is known as the law of series; the common-sense observation that a rare event, having occurred, has a mysterious tendency to untimely repetitions.
The Two Expansion Systems in the Atlantic
Authors: Emmer P.C. 
Published: April 2010

It was Charles Boxer who has characterized the struggle between the Portuguese and the Dutch about their respective positions in world trade as the First Global War. In summing up the results at around 1650 Boxer contended that the Portuguese had won in the New World, that the Dutch had won in Asia, while the two countries had reached a stalemate in Africa.This conclusion is correct only within the political domain. In fighting the Portuguese and the Spanish, the Dutch, together with the British and the French, did not reach economic the limits of their expansion because of Iberian resistance, but because of the general demographic and economic constraints on overseas expansion at the time. These limitations allowed for the creation of two expansion systems, each with its own sphere of influence in the Atlantic. The Iberian system covered the South Atlantic and the Northwest European system the Middle and North Atlantic. Both systems had a similar structure and incorporated European ports providing European and Asian trade goods, trading posts in Africa and plantation areas and settlement colonies in the New World.
Asian Studies: Agrarian History and Orientalism
Authors: Wink André 
Published: April 2010

J.C. van Leur, Indonesian Trade and Society: Essays in Asian Social and Economic History (Foris Publications, Dordrecht, Holland/USA 1983). 465 p.Six essays by J.C. van Leur (1908-1942) were published in English translation in 1955 as the first volume in the series Selected Studies on Indonesia by Dutch Scholars and the above is an unrevised, photomechanic reprint of the same. The bibliography of Van Leur's writings which is provided in the volume lists another 37 separate items, articles, journalism, reviews, etc. that bear out the author's multifarious involvement in contemporary affairs in Indonesia and elsewhere and which may be of interest to many who have regretted Van Leur's neglect of the history of Indonesia in the 19th and 20th centuries in his major writings. The present six essays all deal with pre-colonial Indonesian or Asian social and economic history and the colonial period is passed over in a few paragraphs.
The foundations of European Expansion and Dominion: an Equilibrium model
Authors: Landes David S. 
Published: April 2010

A long time ago – longer than I care to remember – I proposed what an economist would call an equilibrium model of imperialism (1). Briefly stated, the argument went as follows:-Imperialism is a response to disparities of power. The very existence of such disparity is an invitation and temptation to exploit it. Not everyone will respond to such invitation, but there will always be some who try to translatepotentialdominion intoactual.-Motivation is secondary: where a disparity of power exists, imperialism will never lack for reasons or justifications. These will vary from the crudest greed or will to dominance to the loftiest altruism.-To understand the timing and extent of imperialist dominions, therefore, it is more important to study the character and distribution of power than the incentives to its exercise.
The Beginnings of Marine Archaeology in Japan
Authors: de Vries Jan 
Published: April 2010

Admiral Perry's arrival in Uraga-bay in 1853 brough about enormous changes in Japan's society which had, roughly speaking, been a stable and rigid organization ever since the isolation policy was fully implemented around 1640.Not only was Japan's society turned upside down by the American action, but Perry's ‘black ships’ made the Japanese realize that the foreign threat could only be countered with a western-style navy.
From Cooperation to Confrontation? Reflections on the Russian-American Encounter on the Pacific
Authors: van der Oye David Schimmelpenninck 
Published: April 2010

Towards the end of his lengthy study of the United States, De la démocratic en Amérique, the early nineteenth-century French liberal Alexis de Tocque-ville wrote:Il y a aujourd'hui sur la terre deux grands peuples qui […] semblent s'avancer vers le même but: ce sont les Russes et les Anglo-Américains. Leur point de départ est différent, leurs voies sont diverses; néamoins, chacun d'eux semble appelé pas un dessein secret de la Providence à tenir un jour dans ses mains les destinées de la moitié du monde.
The Cambrige-Delhi-Leiden-Yogyakarta Project on the Comparative Study of India and Indonesia
Authors: Blussé L. , Wesseling H. L. 
Published: April 2010

In 1980–81 the School of Social Science of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton (N.J.) selected as its special research topic “The Comparative Study of Colonialism”. On the invitation of Professors Albert Hirschman and Clifford Geertz a number of scholars from various countries came together representing the disciplines of anthropology, economy, political science and history. Although each scholar was of course mainly occupied with his or her own research, a number of seminars and discussions were also organised where different ideas and approaches were exchanged. One of the conclusions was that further elaboration of this subject was not only interesting historically but was also relevant to the present day situation. Another conclusion was that especially the comparative study of India and Indonesia would be a most promising possibility within this field. The reasons for selecting this particular topic were both political and scientific. India and Indonesia are two of the most important countries in Asia, both politically and economically; they used to be the two most important colonies in Asia. The colonial impact was of long duration in both countries and both experienced the transformation from commercial capitalist exploitation to full colonialism. Even in pre-colonial times the histories of these two nations are in many ways comparable,As a result of these considerations Prof. Dharma Kumar (Delhi School of Economics) and Prof. H.L. Wesseling (Leiden University) decided to study the feasibility of a long term research project on the comparative study of India and Indonesia and implicating Indian, Indonesian, British and Dutch scholars.
The Indonesian Studies Program and the study of history
Authors: Day Anthony 
Published: April 2010

The Dutch-Indonesian program in Indonesian Studies was inaugurated in January, 1975 as a four-year, bilateral exchange of research materials and personnel in het humanities and social sciences.The principal aim of the Program, one which links its diverse aspects and activities, is to stimulate the use by Dutch and Indonesian scholars of the enormous body of information about Indonesia written in Dutch to ensure, in other words, that the traditions of scholarship on Indonesia which many Dutch and Indonesian scholars have worked to establish during the colonial period would continue to be developed as a new generation of Dutch and Indonesian researchers take up the study of Indonesian societies and cultures.
The Surinamica Collection in the Library of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology
Authors: Nagelkerke Gerard 
Published: April 2010

The Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology of Leyden which was founded in 1851, has as objective ‘Furthering the study of the languages, geography, ethnology and history of Southeast Asia, the Pacific and the Caribbean and adjacent areas’ (article II of the Institute's statutes, 1976). This objective it tries to achieve through:a. the establishment, maintenance and extension of the necessary scientific and administrative apparatus, in particular the library and other scientific departments;b. the publication of a journal entitled Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde, and other works;c. the stimulation of scientific research, particularly in consultation with the Minister of Education and Science;d. the maintenance of relations with other scientific organisations and institutions, inter alia through an exchange of publications.
Asianism and the Duality of Japanese Colonialism, 1879–1945
Authors: Etō Shinkichi 
Published: April 2010

This paper examines aspects of Asianism (Ajia-shugi) and colonialism (shokuminchishugi) in Japan's prewar relationship with Asia, to illustrate the contradictions and dilemmas of that relationship. Before beginning, it is perhaps wise to remind readers just what Japan's territorial possessions comprised. Japan acquired Taiwan as a colony in 1895, and the Caroline, Marshall, and Marianas Islands of the Pacific as a mandated territory in 1919. In the quarter of a century between those two datas, Japan's territory grew by nearly 80 percent. The picture may be summarized as follows:Taiwan, South Sakhalin, and Korea were Japanese “territory” in the narrow sense of that word. By contrast, Kwantung, a leasehold, and the Pacific Islands, a mandate, were Japanese territory only in the broad sense of that word. But insofar as they submitted to Japanese sovereignty, they fall within the category of Japanese colonies.
Laser-driven nuclear fusion D+D in ultra-dense deuterium: MeV particles formed without ignition
Authors: Badiei Shahriar , Andersson Patrik U. , Holmlid Leif 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe short D-D distance of 2.3 pm in the condensed material ultra-dense deuterium means that it is possible that only a small disturbance is required to give D+D fusion. This disturbance could be an intense laser pulse. The high excess kinetic energy of several hundred eV given to the deuterons by laser induced Coulomb explosions in the material increases the probability of spontaneous fusion without the need for a high plasma temperature. The temperature calculated from the normal kinetic energy of the deuterons of 630 eV from the Coulomb explosions is 7 MK, maybe a factor of 10 lower than required for ignition. We now report on experiments where several types of high-energy particles from laser impact on ultra-dense deuterium are detected by plastic scintillators. Fast particles with energy up to 2 MeV are detected at a time-of-flight as short as 60 ns, while neutrons are detected at 50 ns time-of-flight after passage through a steel plate. A strong signal peaking at 22.6 keV u−1 is interpreted as due to mainly T retarded by collisions with H atoms in the surrounding cloud of dense atomic hydrogen.
A novel seven‐helix transmembrane protein BTP1 of Botrytis cinerea controls the expression of GST‐encoding genes, but is not essential for pathogenicity
Authors: GRONOVER CHRISTIAN SCHULZE , SCHUMACHER JULIA , HANTSCH PHILLIP , TUDZYNSKI BETTINA 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYTo gain new insights into the signalling mechanisms of the grey mould Botrytis cinerea, which causes several pre‐ and post‐harvest diseases on a variety of host plants, we cloned, sequenced and functionally characterized a gene, btp1, encoding a novel 391‐amino acid transmembrane protein. The protein BTP1 shows similarity to the transmembrane protein pth11, which is essential for appressorium formation and successful colonization of plant tissue in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Analyses of the deduced amino acid sequence of btp1 predicted a seven α‐helical transmembrane topology, which is known to be typical for G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) and therefore the protein is thought to play a role in mediation of extracellular signals to intracellular effectors. The gene is located next to the gene bcgstII encoding a new putative glutathione S‐transferase, and both genes are transcribed in opposite directions from the same promoter. BcGSTII shows similarity to the glutathione S‐transferase GSTII of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a protein thought to be involved in detoxification of several antifungal drugs. From the sequence similarity of BTP1 to GPCRs, and its expression in planta, we suggested that it might play a role in mediation of plant signals and therefore in pathogenicity. However, targeted gene replacement of btp1 did not result in a phenotype markedly affecting either pathogenicity or sensitivity to chemical stress when compared with the wild‐type strain; however, the ten‐fold dilution of conidial suspension used for the pathogenicity assay resulted in slight reduction of virulence. Visible symptom development of the mutants on bean plants was also different from the wild‐type. The brownish ring, which appears at the margin of secondary lesions in wild‐type infections, was brighter and almost absent in Δbtp1 mutants. Interestingly, deletion of btp1 not only affected the expression of the physically linked bcgstII gene, but in addition the expression of the other two GST‐encoding genes in B. cinerea for bcgstI was down‐regulated, bcgstII was slightly up‐regulated and bcgstIII was strongly up‐regulated in the mutant.
Chlorovirus: a genus of Phycodnaviridae that infects certain chlorella‐like green algae
Authors: KANG MING , DUNIGAN DAVID D. , VAN ETTEN JAMES L. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYTaxonomy: Chlorella viruses are assigned to the family Phycodnaviridae, genusChlorovirus, and are divided into three species:ChlorellaNC64A viruses,ChlorellaPbi viruses andHydra viridis Chlorellaviruses. Chlorella viruses are large, icosahedral, plaque‐forming, dsDNA viruses that infect certain unicellular, chlorella‐like green algae. The type member isParamecium bursariachlorella virus 1 (PBCV‐1).Physical properties: Chlorella virus particles are large (molecular weight ∼1 × 109 Da) and complex. The virion of PBCV‐1 contains more than 100 different proteins; the major capsid protein, Vp54, comprises ∼40% of the virus protein. Cryoelectron microscopy and three‐dimensional image reconstruction of PBCV‐1 virions indicate that the outer glycoprotein‐containing capsid shell is icosahedral and surrounds a lipid bilayered membrane. The diameter of the viral capsid ranges from 1650 Å along the two‐ and three‐fold axes to 1900 Å along the five‐fold axis. The virus contains 5040 copies of Vp54, and the triangulation number is 169. The PBCV‐1 genome is a linear, 330 744‐bp, non‐permuted dsDNA with covalently closed hairpin ends. The PBCV‐1 genome contains ∼375 protein‐encoding genes and 11 tRNA genes. About 50% of the protein‐encoding genes match proteins in the databases.Hosts: ChlorellaNC64A andChlorellaPbi, the hosts for NC64A viruses and Pbi viruses, respectively, are endosymbionts of the protozoanParamecium bursaria. However, they can be grown in the laboratory free of both the paramecium and the virus. These two chlorella species are hosts to viruses that have been isolated from fresh water collected around the world. The host for hydra chlorella virus, a symbiotic chlorella fromHydra viridis, has not been grown independently of its host; thus the virus can only be obtained from chlorella cells freshly released from hydra.
Seasonal diet preferences of black rhinoceros in three arid South African National Parks
Authors: Buk Kenneth Gregers , Knight Mike H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBlack rhinoceros diet and browse availability was investigated in Augrabies Falls (AFNP), Karoo (KRNP) and Vaalbos National Parks (VNP) in South Africa. Rhino tracks were followed and 18,804 standard bite volumes recorded. Browse availability of each plant species was recorded by measuring 14,800 plants and calculating reachable browse volume. The diet comprised 51, 53 and 41 plant species in AFNP, KRNP and VNP, respectively, but three species accounted for more than 65% of the diet in each park, making diet less diverse than available browse in AFNP and KRNP. Browse availability explained 14%, 15% and 52% of diet selection in AFNP, KRNP and VNP, with consumption of most plant species significantly different from availability. A few plant species were so highly preferred that browsing intensities were unsustainable, while some common species were totally rejected. Pressure on the eaten browse averaged 4.4%, 14.5% and 1.3% annually of the volume in AFNP, KRNP and VNP. In the dry season, there was a two to sevenfold increase in browsing pressure on species with actively photosynthesizing tissues. A few key species, includingMonechmaandZygophyllumspecies, were identified as potential early warning indicators of black rhino browsing impact.
Survey of childhood cancer survivors who stopped follow‐up physician visits
Authors: Maeda Naoko , Horibe Keizo , Kato Koji , Kojima Seiji , Tsurusawa Masahito 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground:  Childhood cancer cure rates have increased remarkably; however, survivors face an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Survivors may benefit from anticipatory guidance and periodic surveillance to minimize morbidity and mortality.Methods:  Subjects included 114 5‐year survivors of childhood cancer who were diagnosed and treated in three hospitals in Nagoya between 1975 and 2001 and who stopped follow‐up physician visits during the preceding 2 years. We conducted a survey of their socioeconomic status, knowledge about their diagnosis and late effects of treatment received, and current hospital attendance patterns.Results:  Eighty‐eight of 114 subjects replied. Sixty‐six survivors knew about their disease, but only 26 knew about possible late effects of cancer treatment. Although 78 respondents indicated they were healthy and had no trouble in their daily lives, 46 had at least one chronic condition. In response to the question regarding why they did not visit the hospital regularly, many subjects responded that the physician‐in‐charge told them they did not need to visit the hospital anymore; others thought it was unnecessary to consult a physician because they were in good health.Conclusions:  Some cancer survivors who stop follow‐up physician visits may still be suffering from cancer‐related illnesses. Both survivor‐related and physician‐related barriers contribute to cancer survivors stopping follow‐up physician visits. To ensure that survivors undergo appropriate follow‐up visits, it is necessary to educate survivors, their families, and medical staff about the late effects of cancer and its treatment and the importance of long‐term follow up.
The Frog Tongue: I. General Development and Histogenesis of Filiform Papillae and Mucous Glands in Rana catesbeiana
Authors: Hammerman David L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe development of the tongue and the histogenesis of its filiform papillae and mucous glands have been studied in twelve premetamorphic, ten metamorphic and one adult stage of Rana catesbeiana.The differentiation of the tongue anlage is described macroscopically and histologically. Its dorsal epithelium increases progressively in thickness. A maximum thickness of from then to twelve cell layers is reached just before the onset of metamorphosis. The general epithelium then undergoes degeneration between the developing papillae and mucous glands.Four premetamorphic papillae are known to develop during the larval period. They form a transverse row across the approximate anterior‐posterior center of the tongue anlage. The growth and subsequent regression of these structures is described. A gustatory function is tentatively assigned to these structures.Filiform papillae and mucous glands arise from either conical or rectangular cell groups in the dorsal epithelium of the tongue. The anlagen of these structures are first seen during larval involution at a stage usually just prior to the emergence of the forelimbs. The distal portion of two adjacent halves of an anlage migrate or grow towards each other and fuse to constitute a single papillary rudiment. The papillary core develops between these half anlagen. The epithelium of the papillae consists of but one layer of unciliated cells. Mucous glands differentiate from the basal portion of each cell group.A general similarity in the development and histology of filiform papillae and mucous glands is noted when comparing R. catesbeiana with R. sylvatica. Certain developmental and histological differences do exist, however, between these two species.