bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
English medium instruction, EAP/ESP: Exploring overlap and divergences in research aims
Authors: Macaro Ernesto , Aizawa Ikuya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnglish medium instruction (EMI) is now a well‐established field of education research, yet its distinction from English for academic purposes (EAP) and from English for specific purposes (ESP) remains a subject of debate. This scoping review investigates the overlap and divergences between these fields. As well as using raw data from a previous systematic review of EMI, we identified research questions published in five selected journals between 2017 and 2022: Journal of English for Academic Purposes, English for Specific Purposes, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Language and Education, and Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development in order to identify the convergence and divergence in academic interest areas. We additionally examined research settings and participants across these studies. Our findings revealed a spectrum of research questions with largely distinct areas of research interest and considerable differences in research settings. This study contributes to the academic discussion by offering a detailed picture of the current research landscape, and suggests not only a need for collaboration between EMI, and EAP/ESP researchers but also a value in maintaining some distinction between the two fields.
A comprehensive analysis of edible and processing quality changes in three whole grain flours induced by dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric cold plasma treatment
Authors: Zhu Yingying , Feng Xuewei , Zhang Jinna , Shen Ruiling , Yao Yang 
Published: June 2024

SummaryDielectric barrier discharge atmospheric cold plasma (DBD‐ACP) treatment has been used to reduce microbial contamination on the surface of grains, contributing to improved food safety, however, its effect on the edible and processing of whole grain flours is not totally clear. In this study, the effect of DBD‐ACP (5 W, 0–20 min) on the nutritional, physicochemical and structural properties of whole quinoa (WQ), whole highland barley (WHB) and whole triticale (WT) were evaluated. Results showed that the effect of DBD‐ACP treatment on the nutrient composition of different flours differed between grain types. The total polyphenol content of WQ exhibited the most significant changes after 20 min of treatment, decreasing by 62.98%. In addition, DBD‐ACP treatment increased Thr, Phe and Tyr content and accelerated fat oxidation. The results of in vitro simulated digestion experiments indicated that DBD‐ACP treatment significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the final digestibility of three types of whole grain flours. Besides, 20 min of DBD‐ACP treatment significantly changed the physicochemical properties of samples, evidenced by improved hydration and pasting characteristics, increased water absorption index (WAI) and swelling power (SP) and reduced peak temperature (Tp) and gelatinisation enthalpy (∆Hg), especially in WQ20. Further structural analysis showed that DBD‐ACP treatment caused granule cross‐linking and reduced crystallinity of flours. In conclusion, this experiment provided a theoretical basis for the application of DBD‐ACP in grain processing.
Evidence of dystocia in an oviparous shark
Authors: Wheeler Carolyn R. , Rummer Jodie L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDystocia, or obstructed labor, is a well‐documented phenomenon in various captive vertebrates, including fish. However, despite the documentation of dystocia in several viviparous (live‐bearing) Chondrichthyan species (i.e., sharks, rays, skates, and chimaeras), there are no reports to date of dystocia in any oviparous (egg‐laying) species. Here we present a case of a captive female epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum) that demonstrated symptoms of dystocia in a research‐related captive breeding programme. This communication serves as documentation that dystocia can occur in oviparous Chondrichthyans, and this information can help inform researchers and veterinary practitioners for improved care.
Structural and genetic basis for the binding of a mouse monoclonal antibody to Flavobacterium psychrophilum lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Cisar John O. , Wang Xiaocong , Woods Robert J. , Cain Kenneth D. , Wiens Gregory D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb FL100A) previously prepared against Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Fp) CSF259‐93 has now been examined for binding to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of this strain and Fp 950106‐1/1. The corresponding O‐polysaccharides (O‐PS) of these strains are formed by identical trisaccharide repeats composed of l‐Rhamnose (l‐Rha), 2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐l‐fucose (l‐FucNAc) and 2‐acetamido‐4‐R1‐2,4‐dideoxy‐d‐quinovose (d‐Qui2NAc4NR1) where R1 represents a dihydroxyhexanamido moiety. The O‐PS loci of these strains are also identical except for the gene (wzy1 or wzy2) that encodes the polysaccharide polymerase. Accordingly, adjacent O‐PS repeats are joined through d‐Qui2NAc4NR1 and l‐Rha by wzy2‐dependent α(1–2) linkages in Fp CSF259‐93 versus wzy1‐dependent β(1–3) linkages in Fp 950106‐1/1. mAb FL100A reacted strongly with Fp CSF259‐93 O‐PS and LPS but weakly or not at all with Fp 950106‐1/1 LPS and O‐PS. Importantly, it also labelled cell surface blebs on the former but not the latter strain. Additionally, mAb binding was approximately 5‐times stronger to homologous Fp CSF259‐93 LPS than to LPS from a strain with a different R‐group gene. A conformational epitope for mAb FL100A binding was suggested from molecular dynamic simulations of each O‐PS. Thus, Fp CSF259‐93 O‐PS formed a stable well‐defined compact helix in which the R1 groups were displayed in a regular pattern on the helix exterior while unreactive Fp 950106‐1/1 O‐PS adopted a flexible extended linear conformation. Taken together, the findings establish the specificity of mAb FL100A for Wzy2‐linked F. psychrophilum O‐PS and LPS.
Tactile sensory processing deficits in genetic mouse models of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Falcão Margarida , Monteiro Patricia , Jacinto Luis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAltered sensory processing is a common feature in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5). Although altered responses to tactile stimuli are observed in over 60% of individuals with ASD, the neurobiological basis of this phenomenon is poorly understood. ASD has a strong genetic component and genetic mouse models can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying tactile abnormalities in ASD. This review critically addresses recent findings regarding tactile processing deficits found in mouse models of ASD, with a focus on behavioral, anatomical, and functional alterations. Particular attention was given to cellular and circuit‐level functional alterations, both in the peripheral and central nervous systems, with the objective of highlighting possible convergence mechanisms across models. By elucidating the impact of mutations in ASD candidate genes on somatosensory circuits and correlating them with behavioral phenotypes, this review significantly advances our understanding of tactile deficits in ASD. Such insights not only broaden our comprehension but also pave the way for future therapeutic interventions.image
Special Issue on Realist Complexity: An Introduction
Authors: Knio Karim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis special issue was based on a flagship panel of the 2022 International Association for Critical Realism (IACR) annual conference held at the Institute of Social Studies (ISS) in The Hague on realist complexity. The aim of this special issue is to capture and specify what Critical Realism (CR) can contribute to the literature on complexity. Against the background of previous attempts that have subsequently coalesced the two under the rubric of ‘Complex Realism’, the primary objective here takes stock of the various analytical shortcomings of ‘Complex Realism’ and aims instead to understand how CR scholars analytically treat complexity. Put differently, the contributors of this special issue problematize the amalgam between CR and complexity evident in ‘Complex Realism’ and ask instead how CR deals with complexity (Realist Complexity). In so doing, they present a variety of arguments and approaches which will be dealt with below. The next section will provide a short background on the origins of complexity sciences before it highlights both the tents and shortcoming of Complex Realism. The final section will provide a summary of all key contributors of this special issue.
Condensation of refractory minerals on igneous compact type A Ca‐Al‐rich inclusion from Northwest Africa 7865 CV chondrite
Authors: Suzumura Akimasa , Kawasaki Noriyuki , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Itoh Shoichi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA melilite‐rich, compact type A Ca‐Al‐rich inclusion (CAI), KU‐N‐02, from the reduced CV3 chondrite Northwest Africa 7865, is mantled by an åkermanite‐poor layer. We carried out a combined study of petrographic observations and in situ O and Al–Mg isotopic measurements for KU‐N‐02. The core shows a typical texture of igneous compact type A CAIs. The mantle consists of spinel, åkermanite‐poor melilite, and perovskite. Individual mantle melilite crystals show reverse zoning toward the crystal grain boundary, in contrast to core melilite crystals showing normal zoning. The O isotopic compositions of the minerals in KU‐N‐02 plot along the carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mineral line on a three O‐isotope diagram. The mantle and core spinel crystals are uniformly 16O‐rich (Δ17O ~ −23‰). The mantle melilite crystals exhibit variable O isotopic compositions ranging between Δ17O ~ −2‰ and −9‰, in contrast to the uniformly 16O‐poor (Δ17O ~ −2‰) core melilite. The mantle melilite crystals also exhibit variable δ25Mg values (δ25MgDSM‐3 ~ −2‰ to +3‰) compared with the nearly constant δ25Mg values of the core melilite (δ25MgDSM‐3 ~ +2‰). The mantle minerals are likely to have formed by condensation from the solar nebular gas after core formation. The Al–Mg mineral isochrons of the core and mantle give initial 26Al/27Al ratios of (4.66 ± 0.15) × 10−5 and (4.74 ± 0.14) × 10−5, respectively. The age difference between the core and mantle formation is estimated to be within ~0.05 Myr, implying that both melting and condensation processes in the variable O isotopically solar nebular environments occurred within a short time during single CAI formation.
Obinutuzumab in untreated primary membranous nephropathy: An observational case series
Authors: Hao Jinling , Wang Jing , Zhou Pan , Xu Rong , Chen Xiaoli 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAs an initial treatment for primary membranous nephropathy (PMN), there remains a significant proportion of patients for whom rituximab is not fully effective. Here, we aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of obinutuzumab as initial treatment in patients with PMN.MethodsIn this observational case series, patients diagnosed with PMN and treated with obinutuzumab as initial treatment were included. Treatment response was assessed by 24‐h urine total protein (24 h UTP) and serum albumin, and immunologic remission was assessed by phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibodies.ResultsTwelve patients with PMN receiving obinutuzumab as initial treatment were included. Over 6 months, a statistically significant reduction in 24 h UTP levels (p = 0.003) and an increase in serum albumin levels were observed (p < 0.001). By the 6‐month follow‐up, two patients (16.7%) achieved complete remission, eight (66.6%) reached partial remission, and two (16.7%) showed no remission. Immunological remission was observed in 44.4% of evaluable patients (n = 9) after 3 months, increasing to 100% (6/6) at 6 months. Except for cases 1, 2, and 3, the total B cell counts in the remaining patients fell to less than 5 cells/μL before the administration of the second dose of obinutuzumab, including seven patients with counts as low as 0 cells/μL. Mild to moderate treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported in 58.3% (7/12) of the patients. No serious TRAEs were reported.ConclusionsObinutuzumab demonstrates promising potential as an initial treatment for PMN, with good effectiveness and a manageable safety profile. Further large‐scale prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.image
Examining expert views on maternal mortality in Turkey: A qualitative study
Authors: Yüksel‐Kaptanoğlu İlknur , Keskin Faruk , Yayla Zehra , Koyuncu Yaser , Barkçin E. Mümine , Güneş Kardelen , Koç İsmet 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMaternal mortality ratio is one of the significant indicators of a country's healthcare quality and development. In recent years, Türkiye has made significant advancements in maternal and child health services. However, it has been discussed that stagnation has been observed in recent years, and the migration from Syria and the COVID‐19 pandemic have significantly overshadowed this success. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current situation of the maternal mortality level in the country based on the experiences and views of experts working in this area.MethodsKey informant interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of academics, representatives of public institutions, and NGOs to understand the mechanisms of success in maternal mortality in the 1990s. Thematic analysis was used to understand the reasons for the stagnation of the decline in maternal mortality and to develop recommendations for reducing maternal mortality.ResultsTwenty‐five key informant interviews were conducted. Positive developments contributing to the success of maternal mortality, problems and obstacles hindering further progress and suggestions/recommendations are the themes of this research. The key informants highlighted the health transformation policies, the lack of data on the impact of COVID‐19, recent migration on maternal mortality, inadequate education and training on sexual and reproductive health (SRH), the absence of rights‐based policies, and gender equality as critical issues in current policies.ConclusionThe outcomes of this study underline the importance of the availability, accessibility, and quality of SRH services and empowering women, girls, families, and communities to eliminate preventable maternal mortality levels.
Rhizophagus irregularis and biochar can synergistically improve the physiological characteristics of saline‐alkali resistance of switchgrass
Authors: Wen Yuqiang , Shi Feng , Zhang Bo , Li Kun , Chang Wei , Fan Xiaoxu , Dai Chang Lei , Song Fuqiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) or biochar (BC) application can improve photosynthesis and promote plant growth under saline‐alkali stress. However, little is known about the effects of the two combined on growth and physiological characteristics of switchgrass under saline‐alkali stress. This study examined the effects of four treatments: (1) no AMF inoculation and no biochar addition (control), (2) biochar (BC) alone, (3) AMF (Rhizophagus irregularis, Ri) alone, and (4) the combination of both (BC+Ri) on the plant biomass, antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll, and photosynthetic parameters of switchgrass under saline‐alkali stress. The results showed that the above‐ground, belowground and total biomass of switchgrass in the BC+Ri treatment group was significantly higher (+136.7%, 120.2% and 132.4%, respectively) than in other treatments compared with Control. BC+Ri treatment significantly increased plant leaves' relative chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and photosynthesis parameters. It is worth noting that the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, PSII efficiency and other photosynthetic‐related indexes of the BC+Ri treatment group were the highest (38% to 54% higher than other treatments). The fitting results of light response and CO2 response curves showed that the light saturation point, light compensation point, maximum carboxylation rate and maximum electron transfer rate of switchgrass in the Ri+BC treatment group were the highest. In conclusion, biochar combined with Ri has potential beneficial effects on promoting switchgrass growth under saline‐alkali stress and improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic characteristics of plants.
Two years outcome of an individualized oral health preventive program for preschool children with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Vatsolaki Eleni , Agouropoulos Andreas , Papagiannoulis Evangelia , Gizani Sotiria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsLimited data exist on the effectiveness of oral health preventive programs in children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an individualized preventive oral health program for preschool children with NDD at a rehabilitation center, over a two years period.Methods and resultsIn this study, 102 preschool children with NDD were assessed for caries (dmft), oral hygiene status (Green & Vermillion Index) and presence of developmental dental defects. An individualized preventive program was applied based on caries risk and children were followed for two years. Effectiveness of the program was assessed for caries and dental plaque change and explanatory individual factors were used in multivariate models. After two years prospective, dmft increased significantly from 1.1 (SD = 2.7) to 2.04 (SD = 3.6), while GVPI was reduced significantly from 1.8 (SD = 0.9) to 1.4 (SD = 0.9). Children in the moderate and high‐risk groups missed significantly more follow‐ups compared to the low caries risk group (p < .001) while older maternal age (OR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.057‐1.808) and consumption of more than three sugary snacks/day (OR = 0.005, 95%CI = 0‐0.0794) were significantly correlated with dental caries.ConclusionThe individualized preventive program for preschool children with NDD was effective in improving oral hygiene but not dental caries status.
A tuberculosis elimination‐focused geospatial approach to optimising access to diagnostic GeneXpert machines in Fiji
Authors: Bates George , Hill Philip C. , Koroituku Isireli , Wilson Donald , Reddy Mun , Kama Mike 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesFiji could be the first country to eliminate tuberculosis. To inform this strategy, we aimed to identify how many GeneXpert® machines are required to enable over 90% of Fijians to be within one‐hour easy access.MethodsWe used Geographic Information System (Quantum GIS; QGIS), OpenStreetMap and population data (Kontur) to map possible facilities in relation to QGIS generated 60‐min drive‐time isochrones, with correction for missing road data. For outer islands, we calculated a distance to nearest hub operation.ResultsThe solution comprised 24 GeneXpert® machines, allocating 7 GeneXpert® to Viti Levu, 6 GeneXpert® to Vanua Levu and 11 to other islands. This resulted in 827,810 people, 93.6% of Fiji's population, being within 1 h of a machine. Twenty‐one thousand four hundred seventy‐nine people on outer islands were an average of 43 km by water from the nearest facility.ConclusionsWe conclude that over 90% of Fijians could be within an hour of a GeneXpert® machine with placement of 24 machines.
An Android Sensors-Based Portable Road Health Monitoring System Utilizing Measurement Uncertainty Analysis
Authors: Wang Yiping , Geng Xixi , Ma Pengfei , Zhang Deren , Shi Hongzheng , Li Junyu , Peng Weibing , Zhang Yi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Road health monitoring systems aim to obtain the technical indexes of roads and then analyze the usage and the degree of damage of the roads, which can provide an important basis for road construction, maintenance, and management. Road roughness is one of the main technical indexes for road quality evaluation and road health monitoring. A system that contains data obtaining, processing, and result evaluation is developed, and it is implemented as an application to measure and analyze longitudinal road profiles simply and conveniently using the sensors in a mobile phone. The application uses the accelerometer sensor and the gravity sensor to obtain vertical acceleration by a projection method, then denoises through empirical mode decompositions and a Butterworth filter, which has a repeated measurement error of 11%. Different filters were compared and the repeatability, accuracy, robustness, and effectiveness of the system were analyzed. An index is used to evaluated longitudinal road profiles so that the results can be analyzed and viewed interactively in the application and a series of cases are given in this paper.
Physics-Guided Machine Learning Approach to Safe Quasi-Static Impact Situations in Human–Robot Collaboration
Authors: Kovinčić Nemanja , Gattringer Hubert , Müller Andreas , Brandstötter Mathias 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Following the performance and force limitation method of the ISO/TS 15066 standard, safety of a human–robot collaboration task is assessed for critical situations assuming quasi-static impact. To this end, impact forces and pressures are experimentally measured and compared with limit values specified by ISO/TS 15066. Consequently, such a safety assessment must be repeated whenever something changes in the collaborative workspace or the task, which severely limits the flexibility of collaborative systems. To overcome this problem, in this paper, a physics-guided machine learning (ML) method for prediction of peak impact forces, within predefined modification dimensions of collaborative applications, is proposed. Along with a pose-dependent linearized model, an ensemble of boosted decision tree (BDT) in combination with a feed-forward neural network (NN) is trained with peak impact forces measured at a UR10e robot covering the range of interest. A generic pick and place task with two modification dimensions is considered as an example of the presented methodology. The method yields the maximal safe impact velocity in the collaborative workspace.
Enhanced Air-Flow Forced Convection Through Metal Foams: Contrasting Compressed and Uncompressed Foams
Authors: Nanda Chaitanya P. , Zlatinov Metodi , Manglik Raj M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The influence of complex pore architecture, its characteristic length, and the contrast between compressed and uncompressed open-cell foam structures in forced convection are explored experimentally. Air-flow (Pr ∼ 0.71; 300 &lt; Re &lt; 10,000) data is presented and a critical issue of the appropriate definition of the hydraulic diameter, especially with foams of different pores/inch (ppi) and compressions, is addressed. Instead of the usual characterization, fin theory is applied and for this, the foam void volume structure is precision mapped by micro-CT scans. The veracity of defining the hydraulic diameter as 4× void volume divided by wetted area is supported by forced convection heat transfer results for different uncompressed and compressed metallic (aluminum) foam cores. All foams promote higher heat transfer coefficients, albeit accompanied with greater pressure drop. While the latter increases with foam ppi and compression (decreasing porosity), the former has a more complex interplay with these factors along with surface area changes and ligament fin effects. This scales with thermally effective surface area density βe (product of area density and overall fin effectiveness), and the overall convective-conductance of the foam (product of empty-duct-based heat transfer coefficient ho and βe) increases. The consequent enhancement, when evaluated by a modified volume goodness factor figure of merit, shows that the 40 ppi compressed foam (×3-in-x) performance is the highest (∼ 15–45 times an empty duct for the same fan power) with significant reduction in the volume of a heat exchanger.