bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐dependent effects of hippocampal neurogenesis suppression on spatial learning
Authors: Martinez‐Canabal Alonso , Akers Katherine G. , Josselyn Sheena A. , Frankland Paul W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractReducing hippocampal neurogenesis sometimes, but not always, disrupts hippocampus‐dependent learning and memory. Here, we tested whether animal age, which regulates rate of hippocampal neurogenesis, is a factor that influences whether deficits in spatial learning are observed after reduction of neurogenesis. We found that suppressing the generation of new hippocampal neurons via treatment with temozolomide, an antiproliferation agent, impaired learning the location of a hidden platform in the water maze in juvenile mice (1–2 months old) but not in adult mice (2–3 months old) or middle‐aged mice (11–12 months old). These findings suggest that during juvenility, suppression of neurogenesis may alter hippocampal development, whereas during adulthood and aging, pre‐existing neurons may compensate for the lack of new hippocampal neurons. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combination treatments with ABT‐263 and an immunotoxin produce synergistic killing of ABT‐263‐resistant small cell lung cancer cell lines
Authors: Mattoo Abid R. , Fitzgerald David J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSynergistic killing was achieved when Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) cell lines were incubated with ABT‐263 and an immunotoxin directed to the transferrin receptor. SCLC lines are variably sensitive to the BH‐3 only peptide mimetic, ABT‐263. To determine their sensitivity to toxin‐based reagents, we incubated four representative SCLC lines with a model Pseudomonas exotoxin‐based immunotoxin directed to the transferrin receptor. Remarkably in 4‐of‐4 lines, there was little evidence of immunotoxin‐mediated cytotoxicity despite near complete inhibition of protein synthesis. However, when combinations of ABT‐263 and immunotoxin were added to the ABT‐263‐resistant cell lines (H196 and H69AR), there was synergistic killing as evidenced by increased activation of caspase 3/7, annexin V staining, and loss of cell integrity. Synergistic killing was evident at 6 hr and correlated with loss of Mcl‐1. This synergy was also noted when the closely related compound ABT‐737 was combined with the same immunotoxin. To establish that the synergy seen in tissue culture could be achieved in vivo, H69AR cells were grown as tumors in nude mice and shown to be susceptible to the killing action of an immunotoxin‐ABT‐737 combination but not to either agent alone. When immunotoxin‐ABT combinations were added to ABT‐263‐sensitive lines (H146 and H1417), killing was additive. Our data support combination approaches for treating ABT‐263‐resistant SCLC with ABT‐263 and a second agent that provides synergistic killing action.
Intake of trans fatty acids from partially hydrogenated vegetable and fish oils and ruminant fat in relation to cancer risk
Authors: Laake Ida , Carlsen Monica H. , Pedersen Jan I. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Selmer Randi , Kirkhus Bente , Thune Inger , Veierød Marit B. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntake of trans fatty acids (TFA) may influence systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and adiposity, but whether TFA intake influences cancer risk is insufficiently studied. We examined the association between TFA intake from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO‐TFA), partially hydrogenated fish oils (PHFO‐TFA), and ruminant fat (rTFA) and cancer risk in the Norwegian counties study, a large cohort study with a participation rate >80%. TFA intake was assessed three times in 1974–1988 by questionnaire. A total of 77,568 men and women were followed up through 2007, during which time 12,004 cancer cases occurred. Hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with Cox regression for cancer sites with ≥150 cases during follow‐up. Significantly increased or decreased risks were found when comparing the highest and lowest intake categories (HRs, 95% CIs) for PHVO‐TFA and pancreatic cancer in men (0.52, 0.31–0.87) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in both genders (0.70, 0.50–0.98); PHFO‐TFA and rectal cancer (1.43, 1.09–1.88), prostate cancer (0.82, 0.69–0.96), and multiple myeloma (2.02, 1.24–3.28); and rTFA and all cancers (1.09, 1.02–1.16), cancer of the mouth/pharynx (1.59, 1.08–2.35), NHL (1.47, 1.06–2.04) and multiple myeloma (0.45, 0.24–0.84). Furthermore, positive trends were found for PHFO‐TFA and stomach cancer (ptrend = 0.01) and rTFA and postmenopausal breast cancer (ptrend = 0.03). Inverse trends were found for PHVO‐TFA and all cancers (ptrend = 0.006) and cancer of the central nervous system in women (ptrend = 0.005). PHFO‐TFA, but not PHVO‐TFA, seemed to increase cancer risk. The increased risks observed for rTFA may be linked to saturated fat.
REST‐dependent expression of TRF2 renders non‐neuronal cancer cells resistant to DNA damage during oxidative stress
Authors: Kwon Jung‐Hee , Shin Ji Hye , Kim Eung‐Sam , Lee Namgyu , Park Jin Young , Koo Bonik Samuel , Hong Sun Mi , Park Chang Wook , Choi Kwan Yong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractREST is a neuronal gene silencing factor ubiquitously expressed in non‐neuronal tissues. REST is additionally believed to serve as a tumor suppressor in non‐neuronal cancers. Conversely, recent findings on REST‐dependent tumorigenesis in non‐neuronal cells consistently suggest a potential role of REST as a tumor promoter. Here, we have uncovered for the first time the mechanism by which REST contributes to cancer cell survival in non‐neuronal cancers. We observed abundant expression of REST in various types of non‐neuronal cancer cells compared to normal tissues. The delicate roles of REST were further evaluated in HCT116 and HeLa, non‐neuronal cancer cell lines expressing REST. REST silencing resulted in decreased cell survival and activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) through a decrease in the level of TRF2, a telomere‐binding protein. These responses were correlated with reduced colony formation ability and accelerated telomere shortening in cancer cells upon the stable knockdown of REST. Interestingly, REST was down‐regulated under oxidative stress conditions via ubiquitin proteasome system, suggesting that sustainability of REST expression is critical to determine cell survival during oxidative stress in a tumor microenvironment. Our results collectively indicate that REST‐dependent TRF2 expression renders cancer cells resistant to DNA damage during oxidative stress, and mechanisms to overcome oxidative stress, such as high levels of REST or the stress‐resistant REST mutants found in specific human cancers, may account for REST‐dependent tumorigenesis.
Polyvinyl alcohol–polyvinyl pyrrolidone thin films provide local short‐term release of anti‐inflammatory agents post spinal cord injury
Authors: Comolli Noelle , Donaldson Olivia , Grantier Nathan , Zhukareva Victoria , Tom Veronica J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a large inflammatory response that results in exacerbated tissue damage. Locally delivering anti‐inflammatory drugs could mitigate this secondary wave of degeneration. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase family members p38 and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) play important roles in the inflammatory response and cell death. We propose that the use of polymer thin films, made of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone blends (PVA–PVP), can be used to provide local release of inhibitors to p38 and JNK post‐SCI. Release studies performed in vitro confirmed the inhibitors could be released from the film for up to 7 days. The thin film was also tested for its surgical feasibility using a cervical contusion model of SCI in adult female rats. Films with or without the inhibitors were placed subdurally over the injury site immediately following SCI. Animals were sacrificed 5 days post‐SCI and spinal cord tissue above and below the injury site was harvested. Additionally, films were removed for analysis. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the anti‐fouling properties of the PVA–PVP film. Tissue histology confirmed that the films themselves did not generate a large immune response, but they did compress the tissue slightly at its placement above the injury site. Finally, quantitative Western blot analysis determined the films loaded with p38 and JNK inhibitors delivered bioactive agents to the injury site and resulted in a significantly decreased amount of pro‐cell death proteins. These data indicate that PVA–PVP films can be used to effectively deliver drugs to a SCI site. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Effect of load on the repair of osteochondral defects using a porous polymer scaffold
Authors: Hannink Gerjon , de Mulder Eric L.W. , van Tienen Tony G. , Buma Pieter 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate if a porous polymer scaffold, currently used for partial meniscal replacement in clinical practice, could initiate regeneration and repair of osteochondral defects, and if regeneration and repair were related to mechanical stimulation. Two equally sized osteochondral defects were created bilaterally in each trochlear groove of 16 adult female New Zealand White rabbits. The defects were filled with polycaprolactone–polyurethane scaffolds of either 3 or 4 mm in height. Regeneration and repair of the defects were evaluated after 8 (n = 8) and 14 weeks (n = 8). After 8 weeks of implantation, both the 3‐ and 4‐mm scaffolds were flush with the native cartilage. The amount of cartilaginous tissue was similar in both scaffold types. Pores located in the more central zones of the scaffolds contained less cartilaginous tissue when compared with pores located in the more superficial zones. After 14 weeks, significantly more cartilaginous tissue was present in 4 mm scaffolds when compared with the 3‐mm scaffolds (p = 0.03). In the 4‐mm scaffolds, progression of cartilaginous tissue from the surface of the scaffold toward the center was observed over time, whereas in the 3‐mm scaffold, the percentage of cartilaginous tissue in the central zones was not different from the situation after 8 weeks. Osteochondral defects might be treated using porous polymer scaffolds currently used for partial meniscus replacement, although several limitations need yet to be overcome. The results suggest that mechanical forces may not have to be applied over long periods of time to accelerate tissue formation and increase cartilage repair longevity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Oxidation‐induced the Formation of Vesicles from Ferrocene Derivative Superamphiphiles
Authors: Li Qiu Hong , Tan Hong Sheng , Li Ai Xiang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe stimuli‐responsive vesicles were prepared via electrochemical oxidation on the mixture solution of ferrocenylmethyl‐trimethylammonium iodide (FcMI) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC). The vesicle structure and morphology are characterized respectively by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The vesicle shells can be clearly observed by TEM with the thickness ranging from several to several tens of nanometers and their outer diameters at the range of 50‐200 nm. The formation of vesicular structures is also supported via AFM measurements, and the ratio of the diameter and height of the nanospheres was estimated to be ca. 10, indicating the shell collapse. The obtained results are significant for the preparation of smart supramolecular aggregates.
Cellular Uptake of a Polypyridyl Ruthenium Complex Revealed Using a Fluorescent Rhodamine‐modified Ruthenium Complex
Authors: Jhou Yu‐Ru , Chiou Chien‐Hui , Ni Lin‐Kia , Chen Li‐Chou , Chen Yau‐Hung , Chen Chien‐Chung 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA fluorescent polypyridyl ruthenium complex was successfully prepared using an amide bond linkage to link two rhodamine moieties through bipyridine groups. Although photo‐induced electron transfer (PET) quenched the fluorescent intensity, the quantum yield of the rhodamine‐modified Ru(II) complex was 0.17 in water, sufficient for observing the fluorophore behaviour in biological systems. The rhodaminemodified Ru(II) complex was found to inhibit the bacterial growth of E. coli. In vitro fluorescence images of human hepatoma cells (SK‐Hep1) showed that a fluorescent polypyridyl ruthenium complex not only supported the above observation but also preferably accumulated in the cytoplasmic region inside the cell. These observations suggest that in addition to strong Ru–DNA interactions, Ru‐protein interactions in the cytoplasmic regions are strong and are therefore important to the development of metallopharmaceuticals.
Surface Treatment of Li(Li0.08Ni0.34Co0.08Mn0.5)O2 Oxide for High Voltage Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Wu Hsin‐Gen , Chandan Prem , Chang Hua‐Shu , Chiu Chui‐Chang , Sheu Hwo‐Shuenn , Tang Horng‐Yi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe high capacity cathode materials with charge voltage above 4.5 V are widely being developed. To reduce surface reactivity at high voltage, Al2O3 and pullulan are used for coating on the Li(Li0.08Ni0.34Co0.08Mn0.5)O2 surface and are characterized by electrochemical analysis. Charge/discharge and electrochemical results reveal that the organic coating sustains in high voltage cycles. Ionic conductivity of surface coating plays a key role in the battery performance.
Development and Initial Testing of a Measure of Public and Self‐Stigma in the Military
Authors: Skopp Nancy A. , Bush Nigel E. , Vogel David L. , Wade Nathaniel G. , Sirotin Anton P. , McCann Russell A. , Metzger‐Abamukong Melinda J. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveThis research developed and tested the Military Stigma Scale (MSS), a 26‐item scale, designed to measure public and self‐stigma, two theorized core components of mental health stigma.MethodThe sample comprised 1,038 active duty soldiers recruited from a large Army installation. Soldiers’ mean age was 26.7 (standard deviation = 5.9) years, and 93.6% were male. The sample was randomly split into a scale development group (n = 520) and a confirmatory group (n = 518).ResultsFactor analysis conducted with the scale development group resulted in the adoption of two factors, named public and self‐stigma, accounting for 52.1% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis conducted with the confirmatory group indicated good fit for the two‐factor model. Both factors were components of a higher order stigma factor. The public and self‐stigma scales for the exploratory and confirmatory groups demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .94 and .89; α = .95 and .87, respectively). Demographic differences in stigma were consistent with theory and previous empirical research: Soldiers who had seen a mental health provider scored lower in self‐stigma than those who had not.ConclusionsThe MSS comprises two internally consistent dimensions that appear to capture the constructs of public and self‐stigma. The overall results indicate that public and self‐stigma are dimensions of stigma that are relevant to active duty soldiers and suggest the need to assess these dimensions in future military stigma research.
Intrarenal oxygenation by blood oxygenation level‐dependent MRI in contrast nephropathy model: Effect of the viscosity and dose
Authors: Li Lu‐Ping , Franklin Tammy , Du Hongyan , Papadopoulou‐Rosenzweig Maria , Carbray Joann , Solomon Richard , Prasad Pottumarthi V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurpose:To compare the effects of osmolality versus viscosity of radio‐contrast media on intra‐renal oxygenation as determined by blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) MRI in a model of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN).Materials and Methods:Twenty‐four Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L‐NAME (10 mg/kg), cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 mg/kg), or saline, and radio‐contrast iodixanol (high viscosity, 784 or 1600 mg I/kg) or iothalamate (high osmolality, 1600 mg I/kg) were administered. BOLD MRI images were acquired on Siemens 3 Tesla (T) scanner using a multiple gradient recalled echo sequence at baseline, following L‐NAME (or saline), indomethacin (or saline), and radio‐contrast agents. R2* (=1/T2*) was used as the BOLD MRI parameter in renal medulla and cortex. Mixed‐effects models with first order auto‐regressive variance‐covariance models were used to analyze the data.Results:The magnitude of change in medullary R2* (MR2*) with same dose of iodine was larger with iodixanol compared with iothalalmate both in pretreated groups (303% versus 225.6%, < 0.01) and the control group (191.6% versus −1.8%, P < 0.01). The MR2* change in high dose iodixanol was approximately twice compared with the low dose (303% versus 133%, P < 0.01).Conclusion:The viscosity of radio‐contrast seems to play a more significant role than osmolality in terms of renal oxygenation changes as evaluated by BOLD MRI. Additionally, iodixanol induced a dose‐dependent increase in renal medullary hypoxia. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:1162–1167. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recombination and natural selection in hepatitis E virus genotypes
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Zhang Qian , He Chao , Zhang Lei , Li Jinghua , Zhang Weilu , Cao Wei , Lv Yong‐Gang , Liu Zhengcai , Zhang Jing‐Xia , Shao Zhong‐Jun 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTo gain new insights into the evolutionary processes that created the genetic diversity of the hepatitis E virus (HEV), the Recombination Detection Program (RDP) and SimPlot program were employed to detect recombination events in the genome, then the fixed‐effects likelihood (FEL) method was used to detect natural selection effects on viral proteins. Recombination analysis provided strong evidence for both intergenotype and intragenotype recombination events in the sequences analyzed. Recombination events were found to be distributed non‐randomly, with the highest frequency in the X domain and the helicase. Strain DQ450072 was identified as intergenotype‐recombinant. Natural selection analysis revealed that codons under both negative selection and positive selection were distributed non‐randomly. ORF1 and ORF2 have experienced strong purifying selection across genotypes. Furthermore, potentially important sites were also found under positive selection in the N‐terminal end of ORF2 and the C‐terminal end of ORF3. No significant difference was found among the selective pressures on different genotypes. J. Med. Virol. 84:1396–1407, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assay for Zika virus
Authors: Balm Michelle N.D. , Lee Chun Kiat , Lee Hong Kai , Chiu Lily , Koay Evelyn S.C. , Tang Julian W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito‐borne flavivirus. Infection results in a dengue‐like illness with fever, headache, malaise, and a maculopapular rash. Nearly all cases are mild and self‐limiting but in 2007, a large outbreak of ZIKV was reported from the island of Yap (in Micronesia, northwest of Indonesia). Singapore is already endemic for dengue, and its impact on public health and economic burden is significant. Other dengue‐like infections (e.g., Chikungunya virus) are present. Yet only 10% of reported dengue cases have laboratory confirmation. The identification and control of other dengue‐like, mosquito‐transmitted infections is thus important for the health of Singapore's population, as well as its economy. Given that ZIKV shares the same Aedes mosquito vector with both dengue and Chikungunya, it is possible that this virus is present in Singapore and causing some of the mild dengue‐like illness. A specific and sensitive one‐step, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) with an internal control (IC) was designed and tested on 88 archived samples of dengue‐negative, Chikungunya‐negative sera from patients presenting to our hospital with a dengue‐like illness, to determine the presence of ZIKV in Singapore. The assay was specific for detection of ZIKV and displayed a lower limit of detection (LoD) of 140 copies viral RNA/reaction when tested on synthetic RNA standards prepared using pooled negative patient plasma. Of the 88 samples tested, none were positive for ZIKV RNA, however, the vast majority of these were from patients admitted to hospital and further study may be warranted in community‐based environments. J. Med. Virol. 84:1501–1505, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of the codon 72 polymorphism of TP53 and human papillomavirus infection in Iranian patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Salehi Zivar , Hadavi Mahvash 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe TP53 gene is one of the most important tumor suppressor genes controlling DNA transcription and cell regulation. Common polymorphisms in p53 gene may play a role in some cancers. Some studies have reported an association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism and HPV infection are responsible for susceptibility to prostate cancer in Iranian men. The prostate biopsies were taken during surgery from 68 Iranian prostatic cancer patients, and 85 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. For genotyping of the p53 polymorphism at codon 72, PCRRFLP methods were used and the PCR products were digested with BstU1. An attempt was also made to detect HPV DNA in benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer specimens. Among cancer cases, the distribution of Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro genotypes were 26.5%, 45.4%, and 19.1%, respectively. Among patients with benign prostate hyperplasia, the distribution of Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro, and Pro/Pro genotypes were 27%, 53%, and 20%, respectively. The allele frequencies did not differ significantly between prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia samples. Human papillomavirus was detected only in three patients (4.4%; P = 0.71). The results from this study suggest that the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism and HPV infection do not confer susceptibility to prostate cancer in the Iranian population. Larger population‐based studies are needed to clarify the relation between prostate carcinoma and p53 polymorphism and HPV infection. J. Med. Virol. 84:1423–1427, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.