bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer‐Aided‐Design/Computer‐Assisted‐Manufactured Adhesive Restoration of Molars with a Compromised Cusp: Effect of Fiber‐Reinforced Immediate Dentin Sealing and Cusp Overlap on Fatigue Strength
Authors: MAGNE PASCAL , BOFF LUÍS L. , ODERICH ELISA , CARDOSO ANTÔNIO C. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTStatement of Problem:  Cracked teeth may traditionally require the use of complete coverage crowns. Alternative conservative treatments involve the use of adhesive inlays/onlays with the possibility of including a fiber patch to reinforce the cracked cusp.Purpose:  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fatigue strength of compromised molars restored with computer‐aided‐design/computer‐assisted‐manufactured (CAD/CAM) composite resin inlays/onlays with and without fiber‐reinforced immediate dentin sealing (IDS).Methods and Materials:  Large mesio‐occluso‐distal preparations with cracked/undermined palatal cusps were simulated on 40 extracted maxillary molars. All teeth received IDS (Optibond FL, Kerr, Orange, CA, USA), and composite resin (Paradigm MZ100, 3M‐ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) inlays (N = 20) and onlays (N = 20). A fiber patch (Ribbond, Ribbond Inc., Seattle, WA, USA) was applied in half of the preparations. Restorations were adhesively luted with pre‐heated composite resin (Z100, 3‐M ESPE) and submitted to cyclic isometric loading at 5 Hz, starting with a load of 50 N (5,000 cycles), followed by stages of 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900, and 1,050 N at a maximum of 25,000 cycles each. Specimens were loaded until fracture or to a maximum of 180,000 cycles. Groups were compared using the life table survival analysis.Results:  Differences in survival probability were found (p = 0.04). The inlay group with fiber patch failed at an average load of 870 N, and none of the specimens withstood all 180,000 load cycles; survival rates of inlays and onlays without fibers, and onlays with fibers were 10, 30, and 50%, respectively.Conclusions:  Onlays (with or without fibers) increased the fatigue resistance of compromised molars in this in vitro study.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe results of this in vitro study suggest that molars with a compromised cusp may be best reinforced by a cusp‐protecting composite resin onlay. There was no benefit of using fiber reinforcement under those indirect restorations.(J Esthet Restor Dent 24:135–147, 2012)
Outcomes and complications following medical thoracoscopy
Authors: Brims Fraser John Hall , Arif Mohammad , Chauhan Anoop Jivan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntroduction:  Thoracoscopy is an invasive procedure that may be performed by physicians for the investigation of exudative pleural effusion using local anaesthesia, conscious sedation and a rigid thoracoscope.Objectives:  We sought to evaluate the safety and outcome of thoracoscopy in Portsmouth Hospitals, UK, a dockyard city with high previous asbestos usage.Methods:  Retrospective casenote, radiology and laboratory result analysis of patients undergoing thoracoscopy in our institution over a 12‐month period.Results:  Fifty‐seven of 58 casenotes were available for analysis. Median (interquartile range) age was 73.0 (66.5–79.0) years and 44 (77.2%) were male. Median time with chest drain post‐procedure was 3.0 (2.0–5.0) days, and length of stay (LOS) was 4.0 (2.0–8.0) days. Malignant histology was reported in 40 (70.2%), with 25 (62.5%) cases of mesothelioma. There were no deaths related to the procedure. Hospital‐acquired infection (HAI) occurred in six (10.5%: pneumonia four, empyema two), all had malignancy. The presence of HAI significantly prolonged the LOS 9.0 (7.5–23.5) vs no HAI 4.0 (2.0–7.0) days; P = 0.006). Four patients died within 1 month of the procedure, three had a malignant diagnosis, all had suffered HAI. Trapped lung (persistent hydropneumothorax 5 days post‐procedure) occurred in 11 (19.2%), six of whom had benign histology. Performance status (European Cooperative Oncology Group) prior did not differ with reported histological type: benign 2.0 (2.0–2.0), malignant 2.0 (2.0–3.0), P = 0.170.Conclusions:  Serious complications following thoracoscopy are rare. HAI is associated with malignancy and prolonged hospital stay. Benign histology may still confer significant morbidity.Please cite this paper as: Brims FJH, Arif M and Chauhan AJ. Outcomes and complications following medical thoracoscopy. Clin Respir J 2012; 6: 144–149.
A randomised study of the effects of supplemental exercise sessions after a 7‐week chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rehabilitation program
Authors: Linneberg Allan , Rasmussen Mathilde , Buch Tove Fedder , Wester Anette , Malm Laila , Fannikke Gitte , Vest Susanne 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:  Several studies have suggested that the effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rehabilitation programs tend to attenuate with time. We aimed to investigate the effects of supplemental exercise sessions following an initial 7‐week COPD rehabilitation program with regard to exercise capacity and disease‐specific quality of life (QoL).Methods:  We performed a 7‐week COPD rehabilitation program in 140 COPD patients. Patients (n = 118) who completed the initial program were randomised for additional six supervised supplemental exercise sessions or three follow‐up examinations without exercise. Both groups were followed for 12 months. Primary end‐points were QoL as measured by the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire total score and exercise capacity as measured by the endurance shuttle walking time (ESWT).Results:  A marked increase in ESWT (from 193 to 921 s) and a moderate decrease in total SGRQ score (2.5 points) was obtained during the initial 7 weeks rehabilitation program. The ESWT declined moderately and was 645 s at week 52 in both the intervention and control group. Unexpectedly, QoL increased slightly in the control group, while it decreased slightly in the intervention group. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the observed changes in QoL or ESWT at any time point.Conclusions:  In conclusion, a program of six supplemental exercise sessions following the initial 7‐week COPD rehabilitation program did not have any effect on ESWT or QoL during a 1‐year follow‐up.Please cite this paper as: Linneberg A, Rasmussen M, Buch TF, Wester A, Malm L, Fannikke G and Vest S. A randomised study of the effects of supplemental exercise sessions after a 7‐week chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rehabilitation program. Clin Respir J 2012; 6: 112–119.
A nationwide surveillance scheme for equine grass sickness in Great Britain: Results for the period 2000–2009
Authors: WYLIE C. E. , PROUDMAN C. J. , McGORUM B. C. , NEWTON J. R. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study: Equine grass sickness (EGS) remains a frequently fatal disease of equids in Great Britain (GB). The first nationwide surveillance scheme for EGS was developed to obtain information on the occurrence of EGS and to help facilitate future proposed intervention studies, such as vaccine trials.Objectives: To collect both retrospective and prospective data on cases of EGS occurring in GB since 2000 and to assess potential risk factors for categories of EGS and survival after chronic EGS.Methods: Prospective data were collected using a nationwide surveillance scheme for EGS that was developed and initiated in 2007. Data were collected by means of postal and online questionnaires documenting both retrospective premises‐level and prospective case‐level information. Data on outcomes of EGS category and survival after chronic grass sickness (CGS) were analysed using univariable logistic regression.Results: Descriptive data for 1410 EGS cases occurring in GB in the decade between the beginning of 2000 and the end of 2009 are presented. Univariable logistic regression analyses identified that CGS cases in Scotland were significantly more likely to survive than those occurring elsewhere in GB. There was no relationship between case details and the category of EGS or the outcome among CGS cases.Conclusions: EGS affected equids throughout England, Scotland and Wales. Although an overall average of 141 cases were reported to the nationwide surveillance scheme annually, this number of cases was not consistent between years. Around 50% of CGS cases survived, although regional differences in survival rates existed, probably due to variation in expertise of care and/or disease severity.Potential relevance: This study provides information on the spatiotemporal occurrence of EGS in GB during the last decade. Data from the nationwide surveillance scheme can be used in developing protocols for future intervention studies such as Clostridium botulinum vaccine trials.
Detection of Murine Norovirus-1 by Using TAT Peptide-Delivered Molecular Beacons
Authors: Ganguli Payal S. , Chen Wilfred , Yates Marylynn V. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
A TAT peptide-delivered molecular beacon was developed and utilized to enumerate murine norovirus 1, a human norovirus (NoV) surrogate, in RAW 264.7 cells. This allowed the detection of a single infective virus within 6 h, a 12-fold improvement in time required for viral detection and quantification compared to that required by the conventional plaque assay.
Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Cardiolipin Synthases 1 and 2 and Their Contribution to Accumulation of Cardiolipin in Stationary Phase and within Phagocytes
Authors: Koprivnjak T. , Zhang D. , Ernst C. M. , Peschel A. , Nauseef W. M. , Weiss J. P. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

In many bacteria, including
Staphylococcus aureus
, progression from the logarithmic to the stationary phase is accompanied by conversion of most of bacterial membrane phosphatidylglycerol (PG) to cardiolipin (CL). Phagocytosis of
S. aureus
by human neutrophils also induces the conversion of most bacterial PG to CL. The genome of all sequenced strains of
S. aureus
contains two open reading frames (ORFs) predicting proteins encoded with ∼30% identity to the principal CL synthase (
cls
) of
Escherichia coli
. To test whether these ORFs (
cls1
and
cls2
) encode cardiolipin synthases and contribute to CL accumulation in
S. aureus
, we expressed these proteins in a
cls
strain of
E. coli
and created isogenic single and double mutants in
S. aureus
. The expression of either Cls1 or Cls2 in CL-deficient
E. coli
resulted in CL accumulation in the stationary phase.
S. aureus
with deletion of both
cls1
and
cls2
showed no detectable CL accumulation in the stationary phase or after phagocytosis by neutrophils. CL accumulation in the stationary phase was due almost solely to Cls2, whereas both Cls1 and Cls2 contributed to CL accumulation following phagocytosis by neutrophils. Differences in the relative contributions of Cls1 and Cls2 to CL accumulation under different triggering conditions suggest differences in the role and regulation of these two enzymes.
Vorinostat-Induced Apoptosis in Mantle Cell Lymphoma Is Mediated by Acetylation of Proapoptotic BH3-Only Gene Promoters
Authors: Xargay-Torrent Sílvia , López-Guerra Mónica , Saborit-Villarroya Ifigènia , Rosich Laia , Campo Elias , Roué Gaël , Colomer Dolors 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell neoplasm with generally poor prognosis, for which current therapies have shown limited efficacy. Vorinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) that has been approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Our purpose was to describe the molecular mechanism whereby vorinostat induces apoptosis in MCL with particular emphasis on the role of proapoptotic BH3-only proteins.
Experimental Design: The sensitivity to vorinostat was analyzed in eight MCL cell lines and primary cells from 10 MCL patients. Determination of vorinostat mechanism of action was done by flow cytometry, immunoblotting, HDAC activity assay kit, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and siRNA-mediated transfection.
Results: Vorinostat inhibited total histone deacetylase activity leading to selective toxicity toward tumor cells. Vorinostat-mediated cell death implied the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis, as attested by BAX and BAK conformational changes, mitochondrial depolarization, reactive oxygen species generation, and subsequent caspase-dependent cell death. This phenomenon was linked to H4 hyperacetylation on promoter regions and consequent transcriptional activation of the proapoptotic BH3-only genes BIM, BMF, and NOXA. Selective knockdown of the three corresponding proteins rescued cells from vorinostat-induced apoptosis. Moreover, vorinostat enhanced the activity of the BH3-mimetic ABT-263 in MCL cells, leading to synergistic apoptosis induction.
Conclusion: These results indicated that transcriptional upregulation of BH3-only proteins plays an important role in the antitumoral activity of vorinostat in MCL, and that HDACi alone or in combination with BH3-mimetizing agents may represent a promising therapeutic approach for MCL patients. Clin Cancer Res; 17(12); 3956–68. ©2011 AACR.
A Diagnostic for Evaluating the Representation of Turbulence in Atmospheric Models at the Kilometric Scale
Authors: Honnert Rachel , Masson Valéry , Couvreux Fleur 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Turbulence is well represented by atmospheric models at very fine grid sizes, from 10 to 100 m, for which turbulent movements are mainly resolved, and by atmospheric models with grid sizes greater than 2 km, for which those movements are entirely parameterized. But what happens at intermediate scales, Wyngaard’s so-called terra incognita?
Here an original method is presented that provides a new diagnostic by calculating the subgrid and resolved parts of five variables at different scales: turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), heat and moisture fluxes, and potential temperature and mixing ratio variances. They are established at intermediate scales for dry and cumulus-topped convective boundary layers. The similarity theorem allows the determination of the dimensionless variables of the problem. When the subgrid and resolved parts are studied, a new dimensionless variable, the dimensionless mesh size , needs to be added to the Deardorff free convective scaling variables, where h is the boundary layer height and hc is the height of the cloud layer. Similarity functions for the subgrid and resolved parts are assumed to be the product of the similarity function of the total (subgrid plus resolved) variables and a “partial” similarity function that depends only on . In order to determine the partial similarity function form, large-eddy simulations (LES) of five dry and cloudy convective boundary layers are used. The resolved and subgrid parts of the variables at coarser grid sizes are then deduced from the LES fields.
The evolution of the subgrid and resolved parts in the boundary layer with is as follows: fine grids mainly resolve variables. As the mesh becomes coarser, more eddies are subgrid. Finally, for very large meshes, turbulence is entirely subgrid. A scale therefore exists for which the subgrid and resolved parts are equal. This is obtained for in the case of TKE, 0.4 for the potential temperature variance, and 0.8 for the mixing ratio variance, indicating that the velocity structures are smaller than those for the potential temperature, which are smaller than those for the mixing ratio. Furthermore, boundary layers capped by convective clouds have structures larger than dry boundary layer ones as displayed by the scaling in the partial similarity functions.
This new diagnostic gives a reference for evaluating current and future parameterizations at kilometric scales. As an illustration, the parameterizations of a mesoscale model are eventually evaluated at intermediate scales. In its standard version, the model produces too many resolved movements, as the turbulence scheme does not sufficiently represent the impact of the subgrid thermal. This is not true when a mass-flux scheme is introduced. However in this case, a completely subgrid thermal is modeled leading to an overestimation of the subgrid part.
Optimized Determination of Viscous Mud Properties Using a Nonlinear Wave–Mud Interaction Model
Authors: Tahvildari Navid , Kaihatu James M. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The complex process of surface wave propagation over areas of cohesive sediments has generally been treated by assuming a particular rheological behavior for the mud layer, thereby fixing the description of the mud characteristics into the specification of parameters relevant to the selected rheology. The capability of inverting data to recover these parameters is investigated here. Representing the mud layer as a thin viscous fluid, a nonlinear wave–mud interaction model, coupled with a nonlinear optimization technique (Levenberg–Marquardt), is used to deduce mud characteristics from estimates of wave energy. A set of numerical tests with a deterministic phase-coherent cnoidal wave are conducted to individually estimate viscosity and mud layer depth (keeping one fixed while estimating the other), and to determine the limits of convergence of the inversion algorithm. It is shown that instances of convergence or nonconvergence can be traced to the shape of the dissipation rate curve as a function of the parameter under consideration as well as the location of the initial guesses of the target parameter along that curve. It is found that the estimation of viscosity is less problematic than the estimation of mud layer depth. Tests with random waves are also performed, using both root-mean-square wave height (representation of wave energy) and wave skewness (representation of nonlinear wave properties) as input for the inversion. The use of random waves appears to ameliorate many of the convergence difficulties encountered with the cnoidal wave tests, while the use of wave skewness, while promising, is somewhat less successful. Finally, the inversion algorithm is tested against laboratory data and the deduction of both mud layer depth and viscosity proceed well. Implications for general mud property deduction are discussed.
Endothelial cell substrate stiffness influences neutrophil transmigration via myosin light chain kinase-dependent cell contraction
Authors: Stroka Kimberly M. , Aranda-Espinoza Helim 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA vast amount of work has been dedicated to the effects of shear flow and cytokines on leukocyte transmigration. However, no studies have explored the effects of substrate stiffness on transmigration. Here, we investigated important aspects of endothelial cell contraction-mediated neutrophil transmigration using an in vitro model of the vascular endothelium. We modeled blood vessels of varying mechanical properties using fibronectin-coated polyacrylamide gels of varying physiologic stiffness, plated with human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers, which were activated with tumor necrosis factor-α. Interestingly, neutrophil transmigration increased with increasing substrate stiffness below the endothelium. HUVEC intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression, stiffness, cytoskeletal arrangement, morphology, and cell-substrate adhesion could not account for the dependence of transmigration on HUVEC substrate stiffness. We also explored the role of cell contraction and observed that large holes formed in endothelium on stiff substrates several minutes after neutrophil transmigration reached a maximum. Further, suppression of contraction through inhibition of myosin light chain kinase normalized the effects of substrate stiffness by reducing transmigration and eliminating hole formation in HUVECs on stiff substrates. These results provide strong evidence that neutrophil transmigration is regulated by myosin light chain kinase-mediated endothelial cell contraction and that this event depends on subendothelial cell matrix stiffness.
Long-term health-related outcomes in survivors of childhood cancer treated with HSCT versus conventional therapy: a report from the Bone Marrow Transplant Survivor Study (BMTSS) and Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS)
Authors: Armenian Saro H. , Sun Can-Lan , Kawashima Toana , Arora Mukta , Leisenring Wendy , Sklar Charles A. , Baker K. Scott , Francisco Liton , Teh Jennifer Berano , Mills George , Wong F. Lennie , Rosenthal Joseph , Diller Lisa R. , Hudson Melissa M. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Forman Stephen J. , Robison Leslie L. , Bhatia Smita 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
HSCT is being increasingly offered as a curative option for children with hematologic malignancies. Although survival has improved, the long-term morbidity ascribed to the HSCT procedure is not known. We compared the risk of chronic health conditions and adverse health among children with cancer treated with HSCT with survivors treated conventionally, as well as with sibling controls. HSCT survivors were drawn from BMTSS (N = 145), whereas conventionally treated survivors (N = 7207) and siblings (N = 4020) were drawn from CCSS. Self-reported chronic conditions were graded with CTCAEv3.0. Fifty-nine percent of HSCT survivors reported ≥ 2 conditions, and 25.5% reported severe/life-threatening conditions. HSCT survivors were more likely than sibling controls to have severe/life-threatening (relative risk [RR] = 8.1, P < .01) and 2 or more (RR = 5.7, P < .01) conditions, as well as functional impairment (RR = 7.7, P < .01) and activity limitation (RR = 6.3, P < .01). More importantly, compared with CCSS survivors, BMTSS survivors demonstrated significantly elevated risks (severe/life-threatening conditions: RR = 3.9, P < .01; multiple conditions: RR = 2.6, P < .01; functional impairment: RR = 3.5, P < .01; activity limitation: RR = 5.8, P < .01). Unrelated donor HSCT recipients were at greatest risk. Childhood HSCT survivors carry a significantly greater burden of morbidity not only compared with noncancer populations but also compared with conventionally treated cancer patients, providing evidence for close monitoring of this high-risk population.
Blood doping and its detection
Authors: Jelkmann Wolfgang , Lundby Carsten 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHemoglobin mass is a key factor for maximal exercise capacity. Some athletes apply prohibited techniques and substances with intent to increase hemoglobin mass and physical performance, and this is often difficult to prove directly. Autologous red blood cell transfusion cannot be traced on reinfusion, and also recombinant erythropoietic proteins are detectable only within a certain timeframe. Novel erythropoietic substances, such as mimetics of erythropoietin (Epo) and activators of the Epo gene, may soon enter the sports scene. In addition, Epo gene transfer maneuvers are imaginable. Effective since December 2009, the World Anti-Doping Agency has therefore implemented “Athlete Biologic Passport Operating Guidelines,” which are based on the monitoring of several parameters for mature red blood cells and reticulocytes. Blood doping may be assumed, when these parameters change in a nonphysiologic way. Hematologists should be familiar with blood doping practices as they may play an important role in evaluating blood profiles of athletes with respect to manipulations, as contrasted with the established diagnosis of clinical disorders and genetic variations.