bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma with chemoradiotherapy and allogenic marrow transplantation
Authors: Appelbaum F. R. , Thomas E. D. , Buckner C. D. , Clift R. A. , Deeg H. J. , Fefer A. , Neiman P. E. , Sanders J. , Stewart P. , Storb R. , Sullivan K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwenty patients with disseminated non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma who failed conventional combination chemotherapy were treated with high‐dose chemoradiotherapy and marrow transplantation from an HLA‐identical sibling. Four patients remain alive in complete remission from 153 to 784 days after transplant. The reason for failure in eight cases was persistence or relapse of lymphoma. In the other eight cases, death was due to a complication of the transplant procedure including interstitial pneumonia, veno‐occlusive disease of the liver, graft‐versus‐host disease, or infection. These results appear similar to those previously observed in patients with acute leukemia in relapse in that a small but significant proportion of patients with otherwise end‐stage disease may achieve prolonged complete remission after intensive chemoradiotherapy and allogeneic marrow transplantation.
Retroviruses in human leukemia
Authors: Blayney Douglas W. , Blattner William A. , Jaffe Elaine S. , Gallo Robert C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAfter decades of work, a retrovirus of true human origin has been isolated first from a U.S. adult case of T‐cell lymphoma and then from cases from various regions of the world. This virus, named HTLV‐I, is strongly associated with a malignant leukemia‐lymphoma of mature T‐cells. This disease was first clinically characterized in Japan but subsequently found to cluster in the Caribbean region, areas of the U.S. and in other countries. This retrovirus‐associated malignancy has an adult onset and usually a rapidly fatal course. Lymphadenopathy, hepatosphenomegally, cutaneous infiltration and hypercalcemia are found. HTLV‐I has been characterized in detail and shown to be an exogenous retrovirus.HTLV‐I infection is detected in normal populations and is endemic in restricted areas of Japan, the Caribbean, South America, and the U.S. Cases of ATL tend to cluster in these areas. Future studies will focus on learning (1) how HTLV‐I is transmitted from individual to individual; (2) the nature of the mechanism by which HTLV‐I transforms T‐cells; (3) whether we can use probes from HTLV‐I to detect other (related) retroviruses in other human neoplasms.
Prognostic factors in patients with subdiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Mauch Peter , Greenberg Harvey , Lewin Alan , Cassady J. Robert , Weichselbaum Ralph , Hellman Samuel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBetween April 1969 and December 1980, 329 patients with pathologically staged IA‐IIB Hodgkin's disease were treated at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy. Twenty‐five (7.6 per cent) of these patients presented with inguinal‐femoral or superficial iliac adenopathy and had disease limited to below the diaphragm. In addition 11 patients presented with intra‐abdominal masses and Hodgkin's disease was diagnosed on laparotomy. The median age, histologic subtypes, and actuarial relapse free and overall survival of patients with peripheral adenopathy limited to below the diaphragm were similar to patients with supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease. Patients with disease limited to the pelvic or inguinal‐femoral nodes were treated with pelvic and para‐aortic irradiation alone. Staging laparotomy identified those patients with para‐aortic or splenic involvement and these patients were treated with total nodal irradiation or combined modality treatment. The small group of patients who presented with intra‐abdominal disease without peripheral adenopathy was older, had a predominance of lymphocyte depleted histology, and had a worse prognosis than the other patients described.
Cytogenetic studies in patients with hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Ueshima Yoshimi , Alimena Giuliana , Rowley Janet D. , Golomb Harvey M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe performed cytogenetic studies on 58 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) from 1975 to 1981. Analysable metaphase cells stained with Q‐banding were obtained in 77 samples from 44 patients. Cells with abnormal chromosomes were found in both unstimulated and stimulated cultures of bone marrow and peripheral blood. Patients were classified in 6 groups. Group I, 2 patients with a clonal chromosome abnormality; group II, 13 patients with nonclonal structural abnormalities; group III, 5 patients with nonclonal numerical abnormalities; group IV, 19 patients with only a normal karyotype; group V, 15 patients with no or with fewer than 5 normal metaphase cells; group VI, 4 patients with questionable abnormal chromosomes. Common abnormalities were deletion of the long arm of No. 6 or +3 each in 3 patients, and +Y, +12 or +18 in 2 patients. Actuarial survival for each group was calculated from diagnosis and also from chromosome examination. The two patients with a clonal chromosome abnormality died within one year. Eight of 13 patients with nonclonal structural abnormalities died within 5 years after diagnosis, while none of 5 patients with nonclonal numerical abnormalities and 2 of 19 patients with normal chromosomes died within 5 years. The difference in the 5‐year actuarial survival between patients with nonclonal abnormalities (groups II and III) and those with a normal karyotype was significant (p<0.05). The difference was more marked between patients with nonclonal structural abnormalities and those with a normal karyotype (p<0.01). Patients with nonclonal numerical abnormalities had a longer survival than those patients with nonclonal structural abnormalities (p<0.05). Thus, structural chromosome abnormalities in HCL may be a poor prognostic sign even when they are not clonal.
Long lasting lymphadenopathy in childhood as an expression of a severe hyperimmune B lymphocyte disorder
Authors: Nezelof C. , Virelizier J. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOn the basis of the 6 cases reported here and scattered published cases, the existence of a childhood chronic immunoblastic lymphadenopathy syndrome is proposed. It is characterized by the following features:A systemic immunoblastic proliferation with varying degrees of maturation resembling the B lymphocyte hyperimmune disorder observed in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy but with no deposits of interstitial amorphous material or vascular proliferation.Disseminated superficial and deep lymphadenopathy.Chronic, pronounced splenomegaly.A constant thrombocytopenia.A polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, with markedly elevated antibody titers to various agents. An early onset and a course of several years (up to 20), interrupted in half the cases by the occurrence of a virus‐associated (EBV, Papova) neoplastic process or a fatal viral infection.Low natural killer (NK) cell activity in 2 cases.
Chromosome studies in stimulated lymphocytes of B‐Cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias
Authors: Sadamori Naoki , Han Tin , Minowada Jun , Cohen Elias , Sandberg Avery A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUsing a sister chromatid differentiation technique, cell cycle study of stimulated lymphocytes of B‐Cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) revealed their cell cycle progression to be similar to that of normal lymphocytes stimulated by T‐cell and various polyclonal B‐cell activators (PBA). The chromosome constitutions of stimulated lymphocytes in 62 patients with B‐CLL were examined using PBA such as Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and lipopolysaccharide W from E. coli 055:B5 (LPS). Of the 20 patients with abnormal clones, 11 patients had trisomy 12; other less common abnormalities were trisomy 1, 6q‐, i(7q), 14q+, trisomy 16, trisomy 18, reciprocal translocations, and marker chromosomes of unknown origin. These findings indicate that trisomy 12 may be a unique and common karyotypic change in B‐CLL. The fact that 3 out of 4 patients with marker chromosomes showed stage IV disease may indicate that a clone with a marker is a predictor of an unfavourable prognosis. The near correlation between trisomy 12 and K chains existed (0.05<p<0.10). Trisomy 12 was seen in all 5 patients with monoclonal paraprotein.
New perspectives in managing myeloproliferative disorders: focus on the patient
Authors: Birgegård Gunnar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRisk stratification is the basis for treatment decisions in the chronic myeloproliferative disorders, and in addition to the three established risk factors of previous thrombosis, age and platelets >1500 × 109, cardiovascular risk factors should be addressed. In addition, premorbidity with regard to possible side effects of platelet‐reducing drugs as well as the impact on quality of life of such side effects should be considered. The near‐to‐normal life expectancy and long term nature of treatment also makes it necessary to consider the potential leukaemogenic effects of some cytostatic drugs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technical assistance for health in non‐conflict fragile states: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Gruber Janet 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe paper examines how best technical assistance (TA) for health might be implemented in post‐conflict fragile states. It does so in the light of current development trends such as harmonization and alignment and moves towards aid instruments that favour country‐led approaches. A number of key issues are addressed. The first of these considers which core principles for ethical TA might apply in post‐conflict fragile states; the second reviews thematic challenges, such as the need to balance ‘good enough governance’ with effective attention to equity, rights and working with local health capacity. A third area for discussion is how best to plan for, and implement, long‐term health TA inputs in often volatile and insecure environments, while a fourth topic is the engagement of civil society in rebuilding health systems and service delivery post‐conflict. Attention to gender issues in post‐conflict fragile states, including the importance of acknowledging and acting upon women's roles in peacekeeping and maintenance, the necessity to apply and sustain more gender equitable approaches to health in such contexts and how TA might facilitate such participation, represents the fifth issue for debate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scaling up beyond ‘pills and skills’: preventing parent‐to‐child HIV/AIDS transmission and the public/private divide in southern India
Authors: Towle Megan S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper argues that current HIV/AIDS intervention models in southern India—in particular, those targeting the prevention of parent‐to‐child transmission (PPTCT)—underutilize the private sector and thereby compromise an efficient integration of HIV/AIDS humanitarian responses into India's health development system. While PPTCT is a critical strategy for curbing the HIV/AIDS epidemic—particularly in countries like India, where prevalence rates among young women are escalating—the cascade of prepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum PPTCT interventions are often difficult for women and spouses to access as a result of socio‐cultural, structural and economic obstacles. Recognizing the complex ecologies within which PPTCT interventions must take place, qualitative analysis focussed on current PPTCT gaps in southern India and how healthcare providers and policymakers are moving to scale‐up PPTCT by integrating into maternal, child and reproductive health services. Fieldwork highlighted a particularly stark gap in PPTCT delivery—the divide in scale‐up efforts between public facilities and the private sector, which provides over 50% of national antenatal services. The private sector often serves as women's first point of healthcare contact, as they will avoid reputably poor‐quality public facilities; vulnerable groups (e.g. rural and urban poor, tribal communities) are also seeking out subsidized private care, notably in faith‐based facilities. Recognizing the need to revise the current humanitarian and health response, this paper details initial efforts to integrate into private care, with aim to present practitioners' successes, challenges and good practices for use in cross learning and a foundation for future research. This paper's analysis makes recommendations for key PPTCT providers and emphasizes the need to: (a) saturate PPTCT services in the private sector, and (b) strengthen mechanisms for integrating PPTCT across sector (private, public, and civil society) and decentralizing deeper into rural India to access vulnerable women, infants and spouses. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study on the characteristics of ethanol evaporation and its diffusion flame under the effect of DC field
Authors: Gan Yunhua , Dong Juefei , Yang Zeliang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSmaller scale and higher energy density power sources have received increasing interest in last few years. A photographic method was adopted to study the characteristics of ethanol evaporation and its diffusion flame under the effect of a DC field in present study. A transparent quartz glass tube with an inner diameter of 1.8 mm and an outer diameter of 3 mm was used as a burner. A laminar diffusion flame was established on top of the vertical burner, and a DC field was imposed on the flame along the jet direction. Test conditions involved fuel mass flow rates of 1.0 to 2.2 ml/h, and electric field voltages of 0 to 10 kV. The extremely small ethanol flow rates were accurately controlled by a syringe pump. The flame shapes and the dynamic ethanol vapor–liquid interface were visually observed using a high speed CCD camera. It was found from the experiments that the extent of ethanol evaporation and the diffusion flame shape both change with the mass flow rates of ethanol. The direction and intensity of the DC field have a great impact on the extent of evaporation, flame structure, and soot emission. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20283
Thermal analysis on the cooling performance of a porous evaporative plate for building
Authors: Chen Wei , Liu Wei 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, a wet porous cooling plate has been used for a building wall. Cooling can be achieved due to the evaporation in the porous layer. A mathematical model on the heat and mass transfer in the unsaturated porous media is developed to analyze the influences of ambient conditions and the porous layer thickness on the cooling performance of the porous evaporative plate. With a decrease in ambient relative humidity and an increase in ambient temperature, more cooling of the porous evaporative plate can be supplied for the inside of the room. The heat exchange between the inside surface of the porous plate and the air in the room should be intensified to achieve a higher cooling efficiency of the porous plate. The ambient wind speed and the thickness of the porous plate also have significant influence on the average temperature of the porous plate. All these results should be taken into account for the utilization of the porous evaporative cooling plate. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20284
Framework for traits-based assessment in ecotoxicology
Authors: Rubach Mascha N , Ashauer Roman , Buchwalter David B , De Lange HJ , Hamer Mick , Preuss Thomas G , Töpke Katrien , Maund Stephen J 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
A key challenge in ecotoxicology is to assess the potential risks of chemicals to the wide range of species in the environment on the basis of laboratory toxicity data derived from a limited number of species. These species are then assumed to be suitable surrogates for a wider class of related taxa. For example, Daphnia spp. are used as the indicator species for freshwater aquatic invertebrates. Extrapolation from these datasets to natural communities poses a challenge because the extent to which test species are representative of their various taxonomic groups is often largely unknown, and different taxonomic groups and chemicals are variously represented in the available datasets. Moreover, it has been recognized that physiological and ecological factors can each be powerful determinants of vulnerability to chemical stress, thus differentially influencing toxicant effects at the population and community level. Recently it was proposed that detailed study of species traits might eventually permit better understanding, and thus prediction, of the potential for adverse effects of chemicals to a wider range of organisms than those amenable for study in the laboratory. This line of inquiry stems in part from the ecology literature, in which species traits are being used for improved understanding of how communities are constructed, as well as how communities might respond to, and recover from, disturbance (see other articles in this issue). In the present work, we develop a framework for the application of traits-based assessment. The framework is based on the population vulnerability conceptual model of Van Straalen in which vulnerability is determined by traits that can be grouped into 3 major categories, i.e., external exposure, intrinsic sensitivity, and population sustainability. Within each of these major categories, we evaluate specific traits as well as how they could contribute to the assessment of the potential effects of a toxicant on an organism. We then develop an example considering bioavailability to explore how traits could be used mechanistically to estimate vulnerability. A preliminary inventory of traits for use in ecotoxicology is included; this also identifies the availability of data to quantify those traits, in addition to an indication of the strength of linkage between the trait and the affected process. Finally, we propose a way forward for the further development of traits-based approaches in ecotoxicology. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:172–186. © 2011 SETAC
Utility of tissue residues for predicting effects of metals on aquatic organisms
Authors: Adams William J , Blust Ronny , Borgmann Uwe , Brix Kevin V , DeForest David K , Green Andrew S , Meyer Joseph S , McGeer James C , Paquin Paul R , Rainbow Philip S , Wood Chris M 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
As part of a SETAC Pellston Workshop, we evaluated the potential use of metal tissue residues for predicting effects in aquatic organisms. This evaluation included consideration of different conceptual models and then development of several case studies on how tissue residues might be applied for metals, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of these different approaches. We further developed a new conceptual model in which metal tissue concentrations from metal-accumulating organisms (principally invertebrates) that are relatively insensitive to metal toxicity could be used as predictors of effects in metal-sensitive taxa that typically do not accumulate metals to a significant degree. Overall, we conclude that the use of tissue residue assessment for metals other than organometals has not led to the development of a generalized approach as in the case of organic substances. Species-specific and site-specific approaches have been developed for one or more metals (e.g., Ni). The use of gill tissue residues within the biotic ligand model is another successful application. Aquatic organisms contain a diverse array of homeostatic mechanisms that are both metal- and species-specific. As a result, use of whole-body measurements (and often specific organs) for metals does not lead to a defensible position regarding risk to the organism. Rather, we suggest that in the short term, with sufficient validation, species- and site-specific approaches for metals can be developed. In the longer term it may be possible to use metal-accumulating species to predict toxicity to metal-sensitive species with appropriate field validation. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:75–98. © 2010 SETAC
Traits-based approaches in bioassessment and ecological risk assessment: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
Authors: Van den Brink Paul J , Alexander Alexa C , Desrosiers Mélanie , Goedkoop Willem , Goethals Peter LM , Liess Matthias , Dyer Scott D 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
We discuss the application of traits-based bioassessment approaches in retrospective bioassessment as well as in prospective ecological risk assessments in regulatory frameworks. Both approaches address the interaction between species and stressors and their consequences at different levels of biological organization, but the fact that a specific species may be less abundant in a potentially impacted site compared with a reference site is, regrettably, insufficient to provide diagnostic information. Species traits may, however, overcome the problems associated with taxonomy-based bioassessment. Trait-based approaches could provide signals regarding what environmental factors may be responsible for the impairment and, thereby, provide causal insight into the interaction between species and stressors. For development of traits-based (TBA), traits should correspond to specific types of stressors or suites of stressors. In this paper, a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of TBA in both applications was used to identify challenges and potentials. This paper is part of a series describing the output of the TERA (Traits-based ecological risk assessment: Realising the potential of ecoinformatics approaches in ecotoxicology) Workshop held between 7 and 11 September, 2009, in Burlington, Ontario, Canada. The recognized strengths were that traits are transferrable across geographies, add mechanistic and diagnostic knowledge, require no new sampling methodology, have an old tradition, and can supplement taxonomic analysis. Weaknesses include autocorrelation, redundancy, and inability to protect biodiversity directly. Automated image analysis, combined with genetic and biotechnology tools and improved data analysis to solve autocorrelation problems were identified as opportunities, whereas low availability of trait data, their transferability, their quantitative interpretation, the risk of developing nonrelevant traits, low quality of historic databases, and their standardization were listed as threats. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:198–208. © 2011 SETAC
Content‐based video retrieval: Three example systems from TRECVid
Authors: Smeaton Alan F. , Wilkins Peter , Worring Marcel , de Rooij Ork , Chua Tat‐Seng , Luan Huanbo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe growth in available online video material over the Internet is generally combined with user‐assigned tags or content description, which is the mechanism by which we then access such video. However, user‐assigned tags have limitations for retrieval and often we want access where the content of the video itself is directly matched against a user's query rather than against some manually assigned surrogate tag. Content‐based video retrieval techniques are not yet scalable enough to allow interactive searching on Internet‐scale, but the techniques are proving robust and effective for smaller collections. In this article, we show three exemplar systems which demonstrate the state of the art in interactive, content‐based retrieval of video shots, and these three are just three of the more than 20 systems developed for the 2007 iteration of the annual TRECVid benchmarking activity. The contribution of our article is to show that retrieving from video using content‐based methods is now viable, that it works, and that there are many systems which now do this, such as the three outlined herein. These systems, and others can provide effective search on hundreds of hours of video content and are samples of the kind of content‐based search functionality we can expect to see on larger video archives when issues of scale are addressed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 18, 195–201, 2008