bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attentional networks in euthymic patients with unipolar depression
Authors: Preiss M. , Kramska L. , Dockalova E. , Holubova M. , Kucerova H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe capacity to focus and concentrate or to direct attention supports many aspects of cognitive functioning including short-term memory and higher-level cognitive functions. The purpose was to assess attentional networks in euthymic patients with unipolar depression using the Attentional Network Test (ANT).Materials and methodsWe investigated performance of attention by virtue of ANT during remission from unipolar depressive disorder and tested a hypothesis that there are no differences between outpatient group (euthymic patients, N = 32) and matched controls in attentional variables, the relationship of attentional networks and everyday cognitive failures.ResultsNo differences between the groups in attentional networks were found and no relationship between attentional networks and cognitive failures was found.LimitationsOne assessment during remission could be insufficient to recognize long-term pattern of cognitive functions.ConclusionsThese data show non-impaired attentional networks possibly explained by sufficient level of remission and ameliorated influence of high education on cognition.
On the alignment of the purposes and views of process models in project management
Authors: Browning Tyson R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA project manager makes decisions based on what he or she sees and understands. In large, complex projects (or programs), a manager cannot see the entire “territory” between project start and completion and therefore must rely on models or “maps” to support planning and decisions. When it comes to planning and coordinating work, project managers commonly use a variety of process model views such as flowcharts, Gantt charts, responsibility assignment matrices, and narrative descriptions. However, these views may not contain the right information to best support the purpose or decision at hand. This paper investigates the fit between model views (a kind of technology) and the managerial decisions (a kind of task) they support. Through analysis of the literature and case study data, this research identifies: (1) a set of 28 purposes for which managers draw upon process models for decision support, (2) a set of 15 views of process models, and (3) a set of 56 information attributes involved in supporting the purposes and provided by the views. The paper develops new measures of the sufficiency and extraneousness of the attributes for each purpose and view. Analysis of the evidence suggests substantial misalignment between managers’ purposes and tools. Drawing on task‐technology fit theory, the paper discusses the theoretical and managerial implications of these results and contributes a new construct, purpose‐view alignment, which may help explain project success in future studies. The paper also presents insights for researchers and managers on how to develop customized views that are more suitable for particular managerial tasks.
Rehabilitation Outcomes After Anoxic Brain Injury: A Case‐Controlled Comparison With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Cullen Nora K. , Crescini Charmagne , Bayley Mark T. 
Published: November 2009

ObjectiveTo investigate the functional outcomes of patients with anoxic brain injury (AnBI) compared with control patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) during inpatient rehabilitation.DesignMatched case‐controlled design.SettingInpatient neurorehabilitation program.ParticipantsFifteen patients with AnBI and 15 patients with TBI.MethodsData of 15 patients with a primary diagnosis of AnBI were retrospectively reviewed and matched to 15 patients with TBI admitted within the same time frame on age, acute care length of stay, and functional status at admission.Main Outcome MeasureFunctional outcome was assessed by the use of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM).ResultsCompared with the control patients with TBI, patients with AnBI achieved significantly lower FIM motor gain (16.3 ± 15.6 versus 5.7 ± 10.7, respectively) and efficiency scores (0.27 ± 0.28 versus 0.06 ± 0.13), discharge FIM cognition scores (25.9 ± 5.9 versus 21.7 ± 7.3), total FIM gain (22.5 ± 19.6 versus 9.1 ± 12.1), and total FIM efficiency scores (0.39 ± 0.38 versus 0.10 ± 0.16; all P < .05).ConclusionsResults suggest a slower rate of recovery for patients with AnBI compared with TBI, with physical recovery being slower than cognitive recovery as measured by the FIM during inpatient rehabilitation when matched according to preinjury characteristics and functional status at rehabilitation admission. Future studies on larger samples of patients with AnBI and TBI that use a case‐controlled design and longer‐term outcome measurement are warranted to further clarify the differences in functional outcomes between these groups and to assess whether optimal rehabilitation interventions differ for these groups.
The Control of Worm-infestation in Sheep by Grazing Management
Authors: Spedding C. R. W. 
Published: November 2009

1. A method of management of sheep at pasture is described which appeared successful in preventing reinfection by nematodes parasitic in the alimentary tract, with the exception of Strongyloides papillostts.2. A significant depression of liveweight gain was observed, due to a sub-clinical infestation in lambs at pasture.3. Reseeded pasture sown on land that had carried sheep 11 months before appeared to be worm-free.
A Routine Method for the Maintenance of Schistosoma mansoni in vitro
Authors: Robinson D. L. H. 
Published: November 2009

1. The method of maintaining schistosomes in vitro is described in detail.2. Observations made on cultured S. mansoni are given.3. Investigation of glycogen content shows that there is no significant difference between the reserve of glycogen in fresh and cultured worms. It is suggested that the worms do not rely on their reserve of glycogen but can take up carbohydrate from the medium.4. The method could be adapted for the culture of other helminths besides schistosomes.
Quantitative trait loci for resistance to Heligmosomoides bakeri and associated immunological and pathological traits in mice: comparison of loci on chromosomes 5, 8 and 11 in F2 and F6/7 inter-cross lines of mice
Authors: BEHNKE J. M. , MENGE D. M. , NAGDA S. , NOYES H. , IRAQI F. A. , KEMP S. J. , MUGAMBI R. J. M. , BAKER R. L. , WAKELIN D. , GIBSON J. P. 
Published: November 2009

SUMMARYA comparison of F2 and F6/7 inter-cross lines of mice, derived from CBA and SWR parental strains, has provided strong evidence for several previously undetected quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to Heligmosomoides bakeri. Five QTL affecting average faecal egg counts and/or worm burdens in week 6 were detected on mouse chromosomes 5 (Hbnr9 and Hbnr10), 8 (Hbnr11) and 11 (Hbnr13 and Hbnr14). Three QTL for faecal egg counts in weeks 4 and 6 were found on both chromosomes 5 (Hbnr9) and 11 (Hbnr13 and Hbnr14). Two QTL for the mucosal mast cell protease 1 (MCPT1) response were located on chromosomes 8 (Hbnr11) and 11 (Hbnr13), two for the IgG1 antibody response to adult worms on chromosomes 5 (Hbnr10) and 8 (Hbnr11), two for PCV in week 6 on chromosomes 5 (Hbnr9) and 11 (Hbnr13), and two for the granulomatous response on chromosome 8 (Hbnr12) and 11 (Hbnr15). Our data emphasize that the control of resistance to H. bakeri is multigenic, and regulated by genes within QTL regions that have a complex range of hierarchical relationships.
Celebrating Tom's century – 100 issues of English Today
Authors: Algeo John , Bailey Richard W. , Cen'ien Evelyn , Crystal David , Cruz Isagani R. , Davis Daniel , Edwards John , Hashim Azirah , Honna Nobuyuki , Kachru Braj B. , Kachru Yamuna , Kirkpatrick Andy , Knowles Gerry , Lowenberg Peter , Moody Andrew , Mufwene Salikoko , Nunan David , Peters Pam , Romaine Suzanne , Saraceni Mario , Schneider Edgar W. , Seidlhofer Barbara , Smith Larry E. , Todd Loreto , Wales Katie , Walter Catherine 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTOn the occasion of the 100th issue of English Today, scholars from around the world were invited to send their thoughts. Excerpts from messages received up to September 6th, 2009 are presented here.
The ET Column: Thoughts from Kolkata on English in India
Authors: Graddol David 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTOne new feature of English Today in this issue, and for future issues, is The ET Column, where we'll be asking people in the know – academics, broadcasters, educators, linguists, teachers and others concerned with English worldwide – to write a column for the journal on issues of controversy, debate, work in the field, and matters of topical and immediate interest. In this issue, David Graddol is writing from India, where he's currently researching English Next: India.
Celebrating 100 issues of English Today and musing on museums
Authors: Crystal David 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTLooking back over 100 issues of English Today, and forward at the prospects for English language museums.‘ET's success’, said a young-looking Tom McArthur in his first editorial, ‘will depend on keeping one's balance and getting all the ingredients right’. A hundred issues later, we can say with some confidence that he certainly managed it. At the time, I don't think anyone knew exactly what all the ingredients were. Now, looking back over the coverage of those hundred issues, we have a pretty good idea. Who would have expected the journal to be so diverse? There are 18 themes identified in the Index to the first 60 issues, published in ET61. Take a look at them in the panel. It is the extraordinary range of the subject-matter, along with its copious and often quirky illustrations, both textual and pictorial, which has given the journal its identity and appeal. The models we looked at when planning the journal, such as History Today, seem staid by comparison.
English in Slovenia: status, functions, and features
Authors: MeŽek Špela 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTSlovenia, like many former Eastern bloc countries, is now coming to terms with the increasing popularity of English.Today English is the most widely used foreign language in Europe. It is used in business, education, science, the media, advertisements, music, graffiti, and in many other places, although its greatest use can be found in commerce, culture, science and education (Phillipson, 2003). The presence of English is felt more in some parts of Europe than in others, however. In the Scandinavian countries, for example, English manifests itself in all parts of society and the knowledge of English is so high that some consider it a second language (McArthur, 1996). In Eastern Europe, the acquisition and use of English has traditionally not been as widespread, although in recent years, the picture has changed greatly, as English has become more and more popular in what were formerly Eastern bloc countries.In many ways Slovenia has been following the trends in other Central and Eastern European countries. The influence of English has been growing since the Second World War and in particular after the end of the Cold War. Its influence has intensified even more after Slovenia became an independent country. Today, Slovenes feel both cautious and enthusiastic about English. There is extensive legislation to protect the Slovene language, while at the same time there is a ‘certain enthusiasm for both “western” ideas and the world language, English’ (Schlick, 2003: 4).
Electronic English in Malaysia: features and language in use
Authors: Hassan Norizah , Hashim Azirah 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTIn Malaysia, English on the Internet is creating its own hybrid variety.The Internet has been described as not just a technological revolution, but also a social. Different modes of communication on the internet such as chat, blogs and Twitter are speedily overtaking traditional forms of communication for both professional and leisure activities. In response to the communicative limitations of technology, a unique form of communication has emerged involving the use of new word forms, structures and styles of expression.This paper discusses the impact of technology on English in Malaysia by examining data samples from blogs, chats/instant messages (IM), e-mails and text messages. We highlight the distinctive features of Malaysian English users from different ethnic groups in this medium. Since Malaysians are generally bilingual and multilingual, we examine how and when different languages are used and comment on the innovation and creativity involved. It is hypothesised that technology impacts on this variety of English which has itself arisen from the globalisation of English, further shaping it, and thus giving rise to new blends and new styles of communication.
The craze for English-medium education in China: driving forces and looming consequences
Authors: Hu Guangwei 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe problematic of the use of English as a teaching medium in China.This paper presents a critical review of the Chinese-English bilingual education initiative from a sociological perspective. It consists of three major sections. The first section briefly discusses French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's (1986, 1991) theoretical work which informs the current critical review. The second section examines some of the major driving forces behind the runaway expansion of English-medium instruction. The final section analyses the implications and consequences of such instruction for China.
Biological indicators of soil quality in organic farming systems
Authors: Stockdale E.A. , Watson C.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe health of the soil, recognized by its active role in the linked processes of decomposition and nutrient supply, is considered as the foundation of agriculture by the organic farming movement. Nutrient management in organically managed soils is fundamentally different from that of conventional agricultural systems. Crop rotations are designed with regard to maintenance of fertility with a focus on nutrient recycling. Where nutrients are added to the system, inputs are in organic and/or non-synthetic fertilizer sources that are mostly slow release in nature. Hence a greater reliance is placed on soil chemical and biological processes to release nutrients in plant-available forms. In this respect, nutrient availability in organically farmed soils is more dependent upon soil processes than is the case in conventional agriculture. The development and use of biological indicators of soil quality may therefore be more important in organic (and other low input) farming systems. The aim of this paper is to evaluate current evidence for the impact of organic farming systems on soil biological quality and consider the identification of appropriate biological indicators for use by organic farmers and their advisors. Organic farming systems are generally associated with increased biological activity and increased below-ground biodiversity. The main impacts on biological fertility do not result from the systemsper sebut are related to the amount and quality of the soil organic matter pool and disruptions of soil habitat via tillage. Even within the constraints of organic farming practices it is possible for farmers to make changes to management practices which will tend to improve soil biological quality. It is, however, by no means clear that distinct indicators of soil biological quality are needed for organic farming systems. It is important not only to identify the most appropriate indicators but also to ensure that farmers and land managers can understand and relate to them to support on-farm management decisions.
Buckets of Ash Track Tephra Flux From Halema'uma'u Crater, Hawai'i
Authors: Swanson Don , Wooten Kelly , Orr Tim 
Published: November 2009

The 2008–2009 eruption at Kīlauea Volcano's summit made news because of its eight small discrete explosive eruptions and noxious volcanic smog (vog) created from outgassing sulfur dioxide. Less appreciated is the ongoing, weak, but continuous output of tephra, primarily ash, from the new open vent in Halema'uma'u Crater. This tephra holds clues to processes causing the eruption and forming the new crater‐in‐a‐crater, and its flux is important to hazard evaluations.The setting of the vent–easily accessible from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)—is unusually favorable for neardaily tracking of tephra mass flux during this small prolonged basaltic eruption. Recognizing this, scientists from HVO are collecting ash and documenting how ejection masses, components, and chemical compositions vary through time.
Hazardous waste and air regulation compliance data released
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2009

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released, on 6 November, new information on the enforcement of hazardous waste and air regulations by the agency and states. The information includes new summary reports and data from 2004 through 2008 on federal and state enforcement program performance with Clean Air Act (CAA) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) requirements. The agency also updated its Enforcement and Compliance Online (ECHO) Web site.Information on facility compliance with water, air, and hazardous waste requirements provides the public with more information about the environmental footprint of each facility. EPA noted that the compliance data do not relate directly to overall hazardous waste management or air quality, which have improved in the United States over the past 30 years owing to the implementation of various environmental programs.
AGU Council to Consider Three Position Statements
Authors: Landau Elizabeth 
Published: November 2009

Two AGU position statements—on NASA issues and ocean research—are being revised, and one position statement written by the American Meteorological Society (AMS), about geoengineering, is being submitted to the AGU Council for consideration. In December, Council will vote on adopting these three statements as official Union position statements. AGU members have the opportunity to provide comments during the AGU position statement writing process.The position statement panel revising the NASA statement (see box) has been charged with updating it to reflect current policy and budgetary developments of concern to the geophysics community. The statement is meant to reflect the recent condition of NASA's budget and missions and concerns about these matters in the near future. A separate AGU statement is aimed at the more long‐term subject of the role of the U.S. government in supporting Earth and space science research.
Opportunity to Nominate Candidates for the William Kaula Award
Authors: Albarède Francis 
Published: November 2009

The William Kaula award recognizes unselfish service to the scientific community through extraordinary dedication to, and exceptional efforts on behalf of, AGU's publications program. Individuals may be recognized for such contributions as outstanding reviewing, editorial service beyond expectations, and innovative leadership. It is fitting that the award is named in honor of William Kaula, who gave unstintingly of his talents and energies to AGU publications. He served as editor of Reviews of Geophysics and Journal of Geophysical Research—Solid Earth, led the development of a number of policies and practices during his service on the Publications Committee, was a mentor to other scientists serving as journal associate editors and editors, and always pressed for higher standards for AGU journals.In even‐numbered years, the Publications Committee selects a recipient, who will be recognized at one of the Editors' Evenings and through Eos. Past recipients include Alex Dessler, Marcia Neugebauer, William Hinze, and Karl Turekian.
The Environment in International Relations
Authors: Young Oran R. 
Published: November 2009

In this lucid and well‐organized text, Kate O'Neill provides a survey of current thinking in the field of international environmental politics. To make her effort manageable, she approaches this task as an analysis of the “politics of global environmental governance” (p. 1). This approach has the effect of orienting the survey toward research on efforts to develop cooperative and lasting solutions to a variety of environmental problems.The downside of this approach is a relative lack of emphasis on various forms of environmental conflict that lead to outcomes such as growth in the number of environmental refugees and the destruction of important ecosystems. But the virtue of the decision to focus on environmental governance is that it provides a coherent and easily understandable framework for the chapters that follow.
Functioningin situ: gene expression inMethylotenera mobilisin its native environment as assessed through transcriptomics
Authors: Kalyuzhnaya Marina G , Beck David A C , Suciu Dominic , Pozhitkov Alexander , Lidstrom Mary E , Chistoserdova Ludmila 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMethylotrophs, organisms able to gain energy and carbon from compounds containing no carbon–carbon bonds, such as methane, methanol and methylated amines, are widespread in nature. However, knowledge of their nutrient preference and their metabolism is mostly based on experiments with cultures grown in defined laboratory conditions. Here, we use transcriptomics to explore the activity of one methylotroph, Methyotenera mobilis in its natural environment, lake sediment from which it has been previously isolated. Cells encapsulated in incubation cassettes were exposed to sediment conditions, with or without supplementation with a carbon/energy source (methylamine), and gene-expression patterns were compared for those cells to patterns for cells incubated in a defined medium supplemented with methylamine. A few specific trends in gene expression were observed at in situ conditions that may be of environmental significance, as follows. Expression of genes for the linear formaldehyde oxidation pathway linked to tetrahydromethanopterin increased, suggesting an important role for this pathway in situ, in contrast to laboratory condition culture, in which the cyclic ribulose monophosphate pathway seemed to be the major route for formaldehyde oxidation. Along with the ribulose monophosphate cycle that is also a major pathway for assimilating C1 units, the methylcitric acid cycle seemd to be important in situ, suggesting that multicarbon compounds may be the natural carbon and/or energy substrates for M. mobilis, challenging the notion of an obligately methylotrophic lifestyle for this bacterium. We also detected a major switch in expression of genes responsible for the mode of motility between different conditions: from flagellum-enabled motility in defined medium to in situ expression of pili known to be involved in twitching motility and adherence. Overall, this study offers a novel approach for gaining insights into the lifestyle of individual microbes in their native environments.