bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic Liquid Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of Cu Polyhedron‐Pattern Nanostructures and Their Application as Enhanced Nanoelectrocatalysts for Glucose Detection
Authors: Xu Li , Xia Jiexiang , Li Huaming , Li Henan , Wang Kun , Yin Sheng 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCu polyhedron‐pattern nanostructures have been successfully synthesized in the presence of the ionic liquid (IL) 1‐hexadecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide ([C16mim]Br) under solvothermal conditions. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). During the reaction process, the ionic liquid played an important role in controlling the morphology and size of the Cu polyhedron‐pattern nanostructures. The results of FTIR spectroscopic analysis indicated that there was the ionic liquid [C16mim]Br on the surface of the Cu polyhedron‐pattern nanostructures. Cu polyhedron‐pattern nanostructures exhibited better thermal stability in air than Cu samples synthesized without ionic liquid at room temperature. In addition, the electrocatalytic activity of the Cu‐modified electrodes towards glucose oxidation was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The results clearly demonstrated that the unique morphology and small size of the Cu polyhedron‐pattern nanostructures made them suitable for application as non‐enzymatic glucose sensors. Simultaneously, the [C16mim]Br ionic liquid on the surface of the Cu polyhedron‐pattern nanostructures had a significant impact on the electrocatalytic activity of Cu polyhedron‐pattern nanostructures. Thus, electrodes modified with these Cu polyhedron‐pattern nanostructures are promising for the future development of non‐enzymatic glucose sensors.
Nickel–Iron–Selenium Hydrogenases – An Overview Structure and Function of [Fe]‐Hydrogenase and its Iron–Guanylylpyridinol (FeGP) Cofactor Magnetic Properties of [FeFe]‐Hydrogenases: A Theoretical Investigation Based on Extended QM and QM/MM Models of the H‐Cluster and Its Surroundings Solar Hydrogen Evolution with Hydrogenases: From Natural to Hybrid Systems Molecular Electrocatalysts for the Oxidation of Hydrogen and the Production of Hydrogen – The Role of Pendant Amines as Proton Relays (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 7/2011)
Authors: Pereira Inês A. C. , Matias Pedro M. , Shima Seigo , Greco Claudio , Silakov Alexey , Reisner Erwin , Bullock R. Morris 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe background of the cover picture shows a schematic representation of a hydrogenase, the topic of this cluster issue, as a watermark. Superimposed are illustrations that highlight the scope of the articles: [NiFeSe] hydrogenases (bottom right‐hand corner and background) are the focus of the Microreview by Inês Pereira and Pedro Matias et al. (p. 948 ff). Seigo Shima et al.(p. 963 ff) examine the iron guanylylpyridinol cofactor of [Fe] hydrogenase (bottom left‐hand corner). From a theoretical point of view, Claudio Greco and Alexey Silakov et al. (p. 1043 ff) probe the magnetic properties of [FeFe]‐hydrogenases (top right‐hand corner). The use of hydrogenases in vivo and as hybrids for H2 production (top left‐hand corner), as well as of cobalt and nickel functional models for H2 oxidation and production (bottom middle) are covered in the Microreviews by Erwin Reisner (p. 1005 ff) and Morris Bullock et al. (p. 1017 ff), respectively. Many thanks to the authors for their creative designs.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Phosphonic Acid Analogues of L‐Lysine, L‐Proline, L‐Ornithine, and L‐Pipecolic Acid of 99 % ee – Assignment of Absolute Configuration to (–)‐Proline
Authors: Wuggenig Frank , Schweifer Anna , Mereiter Kurt , Hammerschmidt Friedrich 
Published: February 2011

Abstract(±)‐ω‐Halo‐α‐(chloroacetoxy)phosphonates were kinetically resolved by use of a protease (Chirazyme® P‐2). The esters recovered at levels of conversion between 56 and 72 % furnished (S)‐alcohols of 99 % ee. These were converted via azides into the phosphonic acid analogues of L‐lysine, L‐proline, L‐ornithine and L‐pipecolic acid. (–)‐Phosphaproline was transformed into crystalline ureas derived from (R)‐ and (S)‐1‐phenylethyl isocyanate. X‐ray structure analyses revealed that the levorotary phosphaproline has the R configuration, contrary to earlier reports.
Resolubilization of TCA precipitated plant proteins for 2‐D electrophoresis
Authors: Zhang Erhua , Chen Xiaoping , Liang Xuanqiang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this short communication, a novel protocol for resolubilization of TCA‐precipitated plant proteins for 2‐DE is described. Guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn‐HCl) is used as an intermediate for protein solubilization in which proteins are reduced and alkylated with tributylphosphane (TBP) and 2‐vinylpyridine (2‐VP). The blocking of –SH groups at Cys residues can greatly improve the solubility of TCA‐precipitated proteins and obtain more high‐quality protein spots in the 2‐DE gel. This protocol is compatible with silver stain and MS identification.
Application of geophysical measurements for assessing the role of fissures in water infiltration within a clay landslide (Trièves area, French Alps)
Authors: Bièvre Grégory , Jongmans Denis , Winiarski Thierry , Zumbo Vilma 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRainfall and its consequences are usually considered as the major factor triggering slope instabilities within clay deposits. The link between rainfall, water infiltration and landslide activity may be complex, and comprehensive sets of data are still necessary to understand how water infiltrates in cohesive material. On unstable slopes made of fine‐grained sediments, gravitational deformation generates superficial shear ruptures and tension fissures whose continuous opening could be amplified by shrinkage during dry periods. This fissure network at the surface can be very dense and strongly controls the water infiltration process. However, it remains difficult to assess the fissure evolution at depth and its eventual relationship with shallow slip surfaces. This work presents the results of a geophysical study which aimed to characterize the fissures that are observed along the unstable clay slopes of the Trièves area (French Alps). The site was first investigated combining geomorphological analysis, drilling, borehole logging, geotechnical tests and geophysical experiments. This investigation evidenced the presence of at least three rupture surfaces (at 5, 10–15 and 42 m) with a water flow at the second one. In a second step, permanent instruments were installed (piezometers and soil water content probes). Results indicate high water infiltration velocities, down to the water table located at 2·5 m depth, that are likely to be linked with sub‐vertical preferential paths, such as fissures. Geophysical parameters (electrical resistivity, S‐wave velocities and Rayleigh waves attenuation) were monitored. Geophysical results suggest that fissures are permanently open, that they serve as preferential infiltration paths, and that they can reach, at least, a depth of 2 m. The methods employed in this research put forward that the system of imbricated fissures drains water from the surface down to the shallow slip surfaces at 5 and 10–15 m. This work highlights the role of fissures network in water infiltration in the numerous clay landslides of the Trièves area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sediment and particulate phosphorus characteristics in grassed waterways from row crop corn and alfalfa fields collected by manual University of Exeter samplers and automatic sampling
Authors: Panuska John C. , Good Laura Ward , Vadas Peter A. , Busch Dennis L. , Ozkaynak Asli 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPhosphorus (P) export from agricultural lands above known threshold levels can result in adverse impacts to receiving water quality. Phosphorus loss occurs in dissolved and sediment‐bound, or particulate phosphorous (PP), forms, with the latter often dominating losses from row‐cropped systems. To target practices, land managers need good computer models and model developers need good monitoring data. Sediment monitoring data (e.g. radiometric finger printing and sediment P sorption capacity) can help identify sediment source areas and improve models, but require more sediment mass than is typically obtained by automatic sampling. This study compares a simple suspended sediment sampler developed at the University of Exeter (UE) with automatic sampling in intermittent channels draining corn and alfalfa fields. The corn field had a greater runoff coefficient (27%) than alfalfa (11%). No differences were found in enrichment ratios (sediment constituent/soil constituent) in PP (PPER) or percent loss on ignition (LOIER) between paired UE samplers on corn. The median LOIER for the UE samplers (1·9%) did not differ significantly (p > 0·13) from the automatic sampler (2·0%). The PPER from the UE samplers was on average 20% lower than the automatic samplers. A correlation (r2 = 0·75) was found between sediment PP and % LOI from automatic samplers and UE samplers for particles < 50 µm, while for > 50 µm PP concentration did not change with changes in % LOI. Sediment ammonium‐oxalate extractable metals were similarly related to LOI, with the strongest correlation for iron (r2 = 0·71) and magnesium (r2 = 0·70). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the groundwater flow regime and hydrochemistry of groundwater from the Buem formation, Eastern Ghana
Authors: Yidana Sandow Mark , Banoeng‐Yakubo Bruce , Akabzaa Thomas , Asiedu Daniel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study demonstrates the application of multivariate statistical methods in definition of groundwater recharge and discharge areas in a sedimentary basin in Ghana. Q‐mode hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied to 57 hydrochemical data from the Buem formation in the northern part of the Volta Region in Ghana. R‐mode HCA and R‐mode factor analysis were then applied to the same dataset to reveal the processes controlling the hydrochemistry of groundwater from this hydrogeological formation. Results of both the Q‐ and R‐mode analyses were backed by graphical methods. The analyses revealed two major water types, differentiated by salinity levels into four spatial groundwater associations. The characteristics of the four groundwater types are discussed. The recharge areas are characterized by CaHCO3 low salinity waters which evolve through rock–water interactions to NaHCO3 high salinity waters in the discharge areas. This study finds that the hydrochemistry of groundwater from this formation is mainly controlled by the weathering of minerals, principally silicates in the aquifer matrix. The effects of the chemistry of recharging precipitation are higher in the recharge areas, while mineral weathering tends to be severe close to the discharge areas in the groundwater flow regime. All the four spatial groundwater associations have low sodium content, but salinity levels increase towards the discharge areas, such that some of wells in the discharge areas may not be acceptable for irrigation on grounds of high salinities which might affect the osmotic potentials of plants. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous calibration of surface flow and baseflow simulations: a revisit of the SWAT model calibration framework
Authors: Zhang Xuesong , Srinivasan Raghavan , Arnold Jeff , Izaurralde R. Cesar , Bosch David 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAccurate analysis of water flow pathways from rainfall to streams is critical for simulating water use, climate change impact, and contaminants transport. In this study, we developed a new scheme to simultaneously calibrate surface flow (SF) and baseflow (BF) simulations of soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) by combing evolutionary multi‐objective optimization (EMO) and BF separation techniques. The application of this scheme demonstrated pronounced trade‐off of SWAT's performance on SF and BF simulations. The simulated major water fluxes and storages variables (e.g. soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and groundwater) using the multiple parameters from EMO span wide ranges. Uncertainty analysis was conducted by Bayesian model averaging of the Pareto optimal solutions. The 90% confidence interval (CI) estimated using all streamflows substantially overestimate the uncertainty of low flows on BF days while underestimating the uncertainty of high flows on SF days. Despite using statistical criteria calculated based on streamflow for model selection, it is important to conduct diagnostic analysis of the agreement of SWAT behaviour and actual watershed dynamics. The new calibration technique can serve as a useful tool to explore the trade‐off between SF and BF simulations and provide candidates for further diagnostic assessment and model identification. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic Properties and Molecular Simulations of Polyoxometalates
Authors: Bo Carles , Poblet Josep M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTaking classical polyoxometalates such as Lindqvist, Keggin, Dawson, and Preyssler anions as the starting point, a walk is taken through the electronic and structural properties of polyoxoanions in solution. We will discuss nucleation mechanisms, redox properties, and isomerism of polyoxometalates. The effects of confinement on water molecules and cation distributions inside nanocapsules are other topics discussed in the present review.
The Janus‐Face of Negociation Democracy. The Effects of Consensus Democracy, Direct Democracy and Decentralization on State Intervention in Swiss Cantons
Authors: Vatter Adrian , Freitag Markus 
Published: February 2011

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag analysiert die Varianzen der quantifizierbaren Staatstätigkeit in den 26 Schweizer Kantonen der 1980er und 1990er Jahre. Im Mittelpunkt der erklärenden Grssen stehen dabei Formen der Verhandlungsdemokratie, insbesondere der Konkordanz, dezentraler Entscheidungsstrukturen und direktdemokratischer Beteiligungsrechte. Wir zeigen, dass die Erweiterung des Konzeptes der Verhandlungsdemokratie auf weitere Staatsorgane neben der Regierung zur analytischen Unschärfe fhrt, da die verschiedenen Ausprägungen der politischen Machtteilung mit unterschiedlichen Wirkungen auf den Umfang des ffentlichen Sektors verbunden sind. Während die Konkordanz im Sinne der parteifrmigen Organisation politischer und sozialer Konflikte tendenziell die staatliche Intervention begnstigt, zgeln konstitutionelle Vetospieler die Staatstätigkeit, indem direktdemokratische Mitwirkung und dezentrale Machtteilung dem Staat Fesseln auf der Einnahmen‐und Ausgabenseite anlegen.
What explains the Differences in the Tax Burden Between Swiss Cantons?
Authors: Gaillard Serge , Oesch Daniel 
Published: February 2011

ZusammenfassungIn the present article, we empirically analyse a series of competing hypothesis that try to account for the considerable disparity in the tax burden between Swiss cantons. Three hypotheses focus on differences in spending levels: The first explains differences in the tax burden with differences in citizens' demand for government services. The second emphasizes the differences in efficiency between cantonal administrations, whereas the third insists on the more or less easy access to cantonal instruments of direct democracy. However, when confronted to the data, none of these three expenditure‐based hypotheses are confirmed by our cross‐sectional estimations. On the contrary, our regressions lend support to the hypotheses which highlights the differences in tax revenues between cantons. These results suggest that it is not differences in government spending which account for the disparity in cantonal tax levels, but differences in the cantonal endowment with resources. This indicates that some financial equalization on the cantonal level might strengthen the equity of Switzerland's tax system.
Relative humidity at Armagh Observatory, 1838–2008
Authors: Butler C. J. , García‐Suárez A. M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe present a calibrated atmospheric humidity series for Armagh Observatory, Northern Ireland. Beginning in 1838 and continuing to the present day, this series is believed to be the longest presented so far. Daily wet‐bulb and dry‐bulb temperature readings are corrected for the time of reading and for known instrumental errors to determine mean monthly, seasonal and annual relative humidity (RH) at 09:00 GMT from 1838 to 2008 and at 21:00 GMT from 1844 to 1964.The mean seasonal and annual time series of RH at this site show only marginal evidence for a trend in RH since the 1880s, however, there is significant decadal and multi‐decadal variability, some of which appears to be cyclic. Wavelet analysis indicates the presence of two quasi‐periodic components in RH, one ranging from 23.4 to 25.5 years and the other from 36 to 51 years. We discuss potential physical origins of these cycles such as changes in the atmospheric and thermohaline circulation and the solar magnetic cycle. There is a small but significant anti‐correlation between RH and northerly winds.Two conspicuous peaks in RH during the 19th century coincide with major infestations of potato blight in Ireland. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Oncoplastics: Techniques for reconstruction of partial breast defects based on tumor location
Authors: Gainer Sarah M. , Lucci Anthony 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBreast conservation therapy (BCT) has become an increasingly popular treatment for breast cancer. Unfortunately, many women who undergo BCT will have a deformity that may require surgical correction. The field of oncoplastics has also become increasingly popular and seeks to prevent these contour deformities during BCT. This review approaches oncoplastic reconstruction by outlining different techniques based on tumor location. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:341–347. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neoadjuvant systemic treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Makhoul Issam , Kiwan Elias 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNeoadjuvant systemic breast cancer therapy is the administration of systemic therapy to eligible breast cancer patients prior to surgery. This treatment modality was developed out of necessity to downstage inoperable tumors, but it has evolved into a tool for breast conservation surgery. The neoadjuvant approach is also commonly used now to explore the efficacy of new therapeutics by assessing their impact on pathologic complete response or other endpoints. This article will review the foundations of this treatment modality and the latest progress in the field. Considering the heterogeneity of breast cancer, it is clear that no single treatment will fit all types of breast cancer. Thus, there is a need to understand the biological underpinnings of the different types of breast cancer in order to design better treatments that will ultimately improve the eradication rate of this disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:348–357. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selecting local therapy in the young breast cancer patient
Authors: King Tari A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSurvival rates among young women with breast cancer remain inferior to that of older women. Higher rates of local failure after breast conservation (BCT) have led to speculation that mastectomy may be better, yet this remains unproven. Gene expression profiling provides new insight into biological differences that may account for differences in outcomes. With careful attention to margins and appropriate use of radiation and systemic therapy, BCT remains a safe option for young women with breast cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:330–336. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trends in the local treatment of breast cancer: Should we be worried?
Authors: Tuttle Todd M. , Rueth Natasha M. , Abbott Andrea , Virnig Beth A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe overall rates of BCS have remained stable or slightly increased over the past decade in the United States. The CPM rates have markedly increased while unilateral mastectomy rates have decreased. Increasingly, more women are not receiving RT after BCS, particularly high‐risk women. These trends have important potential untoward consequences. Strategies are being developed to ensure adequate local therapy for breast cancer patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:313–316. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Post‐treatment surveillance of breast cancer patients in an organized, multidisciplinary setting
Authors: Winchester David P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPost‐treatment surveillance protocols should include early detection of local, regional, and systemic recurrence, new primary tumors and should address treatment complications and psychosocial needs. In addition to annual mammography, history and physical examination in the treated, asymptomatic breast cancer patient surveillance visits should occur every 3–4 months for 3 years, every 6 months for the next 2 years, and annually thereafter. Scans and other tests should be reserved for high risk or symptomatic patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:358–361. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A descriptive analysis of gastric cancer specimen processing techniques
Authors: Mahar Alyson L. , Qureshi Alia P. , Ottensmeyer C. Andrea , Pollett Aaron , Wright Frances C. , Coburn Natalie G. , Chetty Runjan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundAdherence to guidelines for adequate gastric cancer specimen assessment is poor in North America. Inadequate staging and poor prognosis were noted in some series when these guidelines are not met. Recent advances have been made in standardizing cancer pathology reports in Canada; however, the uptake of these reporting systems is unknown for gastric cancer. A survey of pathologists in Ontario was performed to outline the processing techniques and practices for assessing gastric cancer specimens.MethodsA survey was designed through a collaboration of surgical oncologists, general surgeons, pathologists, and research staff. Pathologists were identified using the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario and MD Select databases. Participants were surveyed online or by mail‐out.ResultsThe response rate was 40.2% (147/366). Vascular invasion, perineural invasion, and signet ring cells were all reported as being examined for by the majority of pathologists. Fat clearing solution and keratin immunohistochemical techniques were not reported as being consistently utilized. Less than 70% of pathologists indicated using a form of synoptic report.ConclusionVariations in practice and technique were observed. This may or may not reflect differences in quality of care or simply preferences for achieving equivalent results in the absence of standardized procedures. Education, evidence‐based procedural guidelines and further research are required to provide infrastructure and support for pathologists and surgeons involved in the care of gastric cancer patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:248–256. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extracellular Matrix Functionalized Microcavities to Control Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Fate
Authors: Kurth Ina , Franke Katja , Pompe Tilo , Bornhäuser Martin , Werner Carsten 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPolymeric microcavities functionalized with extracellular matrix components were used as an experimental in vitro model to investigate principles of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) fate control. Using human CD133+ HSPC we could demonstrate distinct differences in HSPC cycling and differentiation dependence on the adhesion ligand specificity (i.e., heparin, collagen I) and cytokine levels. The presented microcavity platform provides a powerful in vitro approach to explore the role of exogenous cues in HSPC fate decisions and can therefore be instrumental to progress in stem cell biology and translational research toward new therapies. magnified image