bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EARLY STAGES OF FIDONIA NOTATARIA, Walk
Authors: Goodell L. W. 
Published: February 2010

Eggs.—Oblong, covered with hexagonal depressions and bright green in color. Length 0.6 mil.; width 0.3 mil. Duration of egg stage 12 days.Young Larva.—Length 2 mil.; head twice as wide as the body, round and deep ochre yellow; body dull yellowish green with a faint paler stigmatal stripe.Mature Larva.—Body of uniform thickness, deep green with a narrow sub-dorsal and stigmatal white stripe, and a dorsal greenish-white hair line; dorsal space pale green; ventral space yellowish green. Head brownish green with a lateral white stripe which is a continuation of the sub-dorsal stripe of the body. Length at rest 25 to 26 mil.; when crawling, 26 to 27 mil. Food plant, Pinus strobus. Duration of larva stage, 35 to 40 days. Described from 57 specimens.
NOTES ON CERTAIN BUTTERFLIES, THEIR HABITS, ETC
Authors: Edwards W. H. 
Published: February 2010

1. Papilio Philenor.On 21st May, 1881, I saw a female Philenor fluttering about a low plant in the edge of the woods near my house. Apparently it was a vine just out of the ground—some four or five inches high—and three eggs were laid on the stem. I sent the plant to Mr. Scudder for determination at the Botanical Gardens, but he reported that there was not enough of it for that purpose.On 1st Aug., I saw a female coursing over the hill side, alighting on various species of plants for an instant; sometimes on clover heads or other flowers, then flying again in short circuits, touching a leaf here and there. Perhaps it was ten minutes before she lingered on one plant longer than usual, though then but for three or four seconds, and I found on examination three eggs laid on the stem just below the terminal leaf. The plant was of the same species I had noticed in May, and I dug it up and planted it in the garden. When at Cincinnati, at the meeting of the A. A. A. S., I learned from Dr. H. S. Jewett that this must be Aristolochia serpentaria, a common plant about Dayton, O., and later I received from him several dried examples of it.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF PYRAMEIS ATALANTA, Linn
Authors: Edwards W. H. 
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Barrel-shaped, the ends narrowing equally and rounded; the base flattened over a little space; from the edge of this start nine vertical and straight ribs, at first low, but gradually rising in elevation and after the middle rapidly, till at the top they are very prominent, and terminate abruptly about the rim of the depressed summit; these ribs are thin and grooved on both sides perpendicularly to the surface of the egg; between them the surface is a little excavated, and smooth; color green. Duration of this stage 5 days in May, 3 to 4 in July.Young Yarva.—Length .08 inch; cylindrical, tapering posteriorly from 4th segment; each segment rounded; color greenish-brown, semitranslucent; furnished with ten rows of black curved hairs, of which two are close together on middle of dorsum, two are lateral above spiracles, one is partly in line with, partly below spiracles, and one below this; on 2 is a sub-oval black chitinous patch, with four hairs on either side the medio-dorsal line, three others in vertical line below the patch; 3 and 4 have five hairs on each side in vertical line, but from 5 to 12, while there are five hairs, they form two lines, the 1st, 3rd and 5th being in front part of the segment; the anal segment shows two hairs on the side, and a black dorsal patch, on either half of which are about five hairs; two small hairs over each foot and proleg; on 2 to 4 the hairs are curved forward, on the other segments back, but on all the lowest row is turned down; so on 2 to 4 the next row is turned down; head rounded, black, with a few black hairs. Duration of this stage in May 4 days, in August 3.
NEW SPECIES AND NOTES ON STRUCTURE OF MOTHS AND GENERA
Authors: Grote A. R. 
Published: February 2010

Campometra Amella Guen., 3, 25, pl. 18, fig. 8.This genus and species I have accidentally omitted from the “New Check List.” I have never identified the species with certainty. For some time I have conjectured it was the same as Eubolina Stylobata Harvey. With regard to the genera separated from Homoptera by Gueneé, I have merely insisted on the validity of Zale in former papers. But I am averse to throwing them together until we know the early stages upon which Gueneé seems to have relied, using Abbot's drawings. Another reason with me has been (as I have pointed out) that Homoptera is a term used in another Sub-order of Insecta. Probably Pheocyma will have to be adopted, as the insect I have identified as Lunifera (figured by Gueneé) does not seem to me to differ generically from our other species arranged under Homoptera.
A NEW APPLE TREE PEST
Authors: Dodge Charles R. 
Published: February 2010

As if the apple tree with its sixty or more insect enemies were not sufficiently afflicted, a distant relative of the Canker-worm has been making itself so notorious in Georgia, as to give apprehension of the total destruction of apple orchards in the locality infested. The insect complained of is Eugonia subsignaria Pack., a measuring worm which at times has been a veritable nuisance upon shade trees in New York and Philadelphia.In pursuance of my duties as a Special Agent of the Census Office (in the fruit interest), and through subsequent correspondence, the following facts were obtained from Mr. Adam Davenport, of Fannin County, in the State named. In his first communication, received some months since, it is stated that the worm made its appearance upon Rich Mountain, a spur of the Blue Ridge, about four years ago, attacking forest and fruit trees; and that it had since spread over a large area, doing great damage. Apple trees in June last were as destitute of leaves as in mid-winter, the fruit growing to the size of marbles and falling off.
ON THE CHALCIDIDÆ OF FLORIDA
Authors: Ashmead Wm. H. 
Published: February 2010

Prof. Westwood, in his Generic Synopsis, characterizes this genus as follows: “Antennæ 13-jointed, clavate, third and fourth joints minute; club ovate; thorax long-ovate; collar moderate; thorax depressed in the middle; abdomen long-ovate; ovipositor exserted, wings with stigmal branch distant from the union of the subcostal nerve and the costa.”In view of the recent controversy between Prof. Riley and Mr. Howard, in regard to this genus and the genus Antigaster of Wa1sh, I deem it advisable to publish the above from Westwood, verbatim etliteratum. Just beginning my entomological studies, I do not pretend to take issue with either of these gentlemen, but merely desire to draw their attention to the ovipositor in this genus, which both seem to have entirely overlooked, and which, according to above description, is exserted.
ON SOME CHALCTDIDÆ
Authors: French G. H. 
Published: February 2010

In the January number of the Canadian Entomologist I described two new species of this interesting family under the names of Isosoma Allynii and I. Elymi. Professor C. V. Riley, to whom a pair of the first were sent, writes me that they belong to the genus Eupelmus instead of Isosoma. From a re-examination of my specimens I think he is correct, and the species will be known as Eupelmus Allynii, instead of as first described. They have 11 joints to the antennæ, and the prothorax short.Since writing the descriptions above referred to I have had a number of wingless insects hatch from my wheat straws, and it is now evident that the description of chrysalids, and perhaps larvæ, as given under Isosoma Allynii, can not apply to that species, but to these wingless specimens. In a recent letter Professor Riley states that he has bred wingless specimens of an Isosoma from wheat received from Kentucky, and it is probable these are the same. I am inclined to think they belong to Isosoma Elymi that I obtained from the stalk of Elymus Canadenis, though it will be difficult to say positively without more specimens of Elymi or winged specimens of the other.
NOTES ON PEMPHIGUS TESSELATA, Fitch
Authors: Osborn Herbert 
Published: February 2010

Chermes alni Kalm. Travels into North America, English translation, vol. 1, p. 154; p. 121, 2nd ed.Eriosoma tesselata Fitch. 4th Report State Cab. Nat. Hist., N. Y.Eriosoma tesselata Glover. Ag. Rept., 1876, p. 39.Eriosoma tesselata (or imbricata) Glover, unpublished plates Homoptera iii., fig. 19.Schizoneura tesselata Thomas, 8th Report Insects of Illinois, p. 139.Apparently the first record of this insect is given by Kalm., as cited above, where he says under date of Oct. 3rd, 1748: “I saw to-day the Chermes of the Alder (Chermes alni) in great abundance on the branches of that tree, which for that reason looks quite white, and at a distance appears as it were covered with mold.” This reference, in all probability, is to P. tesselata, and the reference to the European species, Chermes alni L., a mistake, since there are no later records of the European species being found here, and this one is specifically distinct from the one described by Linnæus.
PSEPHENUS LECONTEI
Authors: Gehring J. Geo. 
Published: February 2010

A few notes as to the habits and whereabouts of this inhabitant of the rapids of Niagara may perhaps be of interest to such collectors as may visit this locality the coming season. This interesting beetle being but rarely represented in collections, I felt induced to make extra exertions during a few hours sojourn there last August, to find it, and was finally rewarded by finding it in numbers. Although my time did not allow me to reap the benefit of my discovery, still if others are enabled to Profit by these notes, the result will be the same.By turning over the small rocks which lie in the small rapids close by the Goat and Sister Islands, the flat, crustacean-like larvæ will be found in great numbers adhering tightly to the under surface in all stages of development, and it is here one would naturally look for the perfect insect, but only to be disappointed.
ON CERTAIN FORMS OF NORTH AMERICAN NOCTUIDÆ, INTERESTING FROM THE STRUCTURE OF THE CLYPEUS AND TIBIÆ
Authors: Grote A. R. 
Published: February 2010

The following genera seem to fall in between Heliothis and Plusia. They appear to be distinctively American, and there is nothing like them in the European or Asiatic faunæ, so far as appears in literature. The white species inhabit the West and South-west; and the fore wings are remarkable for their lustre, the markings consisting often of black dots, in this recalling Emydia and certain Lithosians.Bessula Grote.Vestiture hairy. Eyes naked. Front full, without excavation or tubercle, the infra-clypeal plate plominent. Tibiæ spinose, the fore tibiæ with a claw. Thorax untufted. Antennæ simple. Fore wings dull. Aspect of the Arctiid genus Pareuchaetes. One species from New Mexico, Luxa, Grote. Primaries very light and fady yellow. The t. p. line indicated by a curved series of faint ochrey dots. Two cellular dots and one or two more in place of t. a. line. Beneath costa and apices dusky yellowish. The coloring is very pale and the dotted markings tend to become lost. Consult: Papilio, I., 176.
ENTOMOLOGY FOR BEGINNERS: “LONG–STINGS”
Authors: Harrington W. Hague 
Published: February 2010

Among the conspicuous insects which attract the attention of even non-entomologists, there are few more interesting in their structure and habits, as well as in their relations to other groups, than the large “longsting” ichneumons with their long triple “tails.” Our two largest species belong to the genus Rhyssa (of the Hymenoptera), and as, so far as I am aware, no accounts of them have yet been published in the Entomologist, a brief description of their appearance and habits may not be undesirable.They may be easily distinguished from their relatives (often their victims), the “horn-tails”—Uroceridæ—as they are much more slender in body and appendages. The female, readily determined by the extraordinary development of the ovipositor, has the abdomen stouter than that of the male, with the posterior segments dilated and curved under, and bearing the ovipositor, which is constructed essentially of the same parts as is that of a “horn-tail,” only that they are greatly lengthened.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF DEBIS PORTLANDIA, Fabr
Authors: Edwards W. H. 
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Obovoid, the base a little flattened, and under the middle thereof is a slight rounded protuberance of lesser diameter; surface smooth; color greenish-white. Duration of this stage 4 to 6 days.Young Larva.—Length .13 inch; cylindrical; head twice as broad as any other segment, body tapering slightly from 2 to 13; each segment from 3 to 12 several times creased, making 6 flat ridges, of which the foremost one is broadest, and on this and the fifth ridge each is a minute tubercle and rather long white hair, bent forward, the whole series forming two subdorsal rows, one a little below the other, from 3 to 13; on the middle of side a similar row, one hair to each segment and placed on the second ridge, all of them bent forward; lower down a third series, one to each segment, placed on the fourth ridge, all bent down and back; two short hairs over each pro-leg; on segment 2 are four long hairs on each side, nearly in line, two being subdorsal, the others lateral; on 13 are four hairs in cross row, all curved back, and one on either side behind these; this segment is roundly excavated at extremity, making on either side a sharp point, which sends back a straight hair; color of body whitish-yellow, in a few hours changing to pale green; head sub-globose, flattened and depressed at top, broadest at base, a little broader than high, the vertices rounded, and on each a slight protuberance, with long curved hair; a similar hair a little below and nearer the suture, and two rows of shorter hairs across face, four in upper, six in lower row; surface corrugated; color yellow, somewhat brown-tinted. Two days later, as the body was changing to green, the head changed to yellow-green. Duration of this stage 6 to 8 days.
ON THE APHIDIDÆ OF FLORIDA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES
Authors: Ashmead Wm. H. 
Published: February 2010

The species of this genus already described from North America are as follows:1. S. rudbeckiœ, Fitch.2. “ambrosiœ, Thomas.3. “rosœ, Reaum. A variety of this species I find here on cultivated roses and on the wild Cherokee rose. It differs very considerably from Prof Thomas' description, and may be known as S. floridœ.I submit following description:S. rosœ, var. floridœ, n. s.Wingless female.—Length .07 inch. Elongate ovate; pale shining green; eyes red; beak very pale and short, not reaching to middle coxæ, widening before tip, tip black; antennæ 7-jointed, reaching to base of honey-tubes, annulated with brownish-red at joints; honey-tubes long, reaching beyond tip of abdomen, pale greenish, very slightly infuscated at tip; style short, conical, pale green; legs uniform pale green, feet very slightly infuscated.
THE HOP-VINE BORER
Authors: Dodge Charles R. 
Published: February 2010

The casual reader, calling to mind only the half dozen hop-vines usually seen about the kitchen garden, or trailing upon some farm outbuilding, can hardly realize the possible losses to hop growers by insects. According to the last census (for 1879) New York State alone had over 39,000 acres in hop yards, producing nearly 22 millions of pounds of hops, which, at an average of 28c. per 1b., would aggregate a value of over six million dollars. Bearing these figures in mind, with an annual loss of 10 per cent. from only one insect—the hop borer—(and 25 to 50 per cent. of injury has been reported) a loss of $600,000 would result in this single State.With such a destructive agent in the hop field, is it not a little singular that there is little or nothing “in the books” on the subject, and that the pest is in all probability an unknown and undescribed species? I am not able to give its name—Prof. Comstock writes me he is working it up—but as I have accumulated a mass of interesting data on the subject in my census work, I deem it proper to make known now the experience of intelligent growers in different sections of the country, for the benefit of those who have not yet learned how to fight the pest, leaving the scientific name and details of habits and natural history to be supplied hereafter.
NEW TABANIDÆ
Authors: Marten John 
Published: February 2010

Tabanus Allynii. Length 15 mm.Female.—Eyes naked, no ocelligerous tubercle. Front yellowishgray; callosity chestnut, nearly square, with an unconnected, spindleshaped line above. Face and cheeks yellowish-gray. Antennæ reddishyellow, annulate portion black. Palpi yellowish with white hairs. Thorax and scutellum grayish-black with minute golden-yellow pubescence; humerus reddish-brown when denuded; pleurae and pectus grayish with white or yellow hairs. Abdomen yellow, segments 4–7 black with yellow hind margins, which are expanded into triangles on the middle of segments 4 and 5; first segment black under the scutellum; second segment with a black triangle on the middle, and the third segment with a dark spot on each side of the middle. Venter yellow with a black line through the middle and tip dark. Legs—femora balck, yellow at the tips; tibiae yellow, darker at the tips; outer half of front tibia black; tarsi brownish, front ones black. Wings hyaline; stigma yellowish.
NEW SPECIES AND NOTES ON STRUCTURE OF MOTHS AND GENERA
Authors: Grote A. R. 
Published: February 2010

Synedoida Mucronata, n. s.Eyes naked, lashed. Labial palpi with long cylindrical narrow third joint; second joint heavily scaled. Abdomen untufted. Of an inconspicuous fuscous or brownish gray, sprinkled with pale points, markings all concolorous with the wing. The t. p. line is brown and distinct at costa, forming a strong tooth opposite cell, below this it is rounded over median nervules and fainter. Sub-terminal line straight, distinct, even, brown, and well marked. Reniform concolorous, constricted, with pale edging. T. a. line even, slightly arched. A terminal dentate line; fringes brownish. Hind wings sub-pellucid, irridescent whitish, with soiled veins, with vague brownish borders, beneath with dark dots on primaries, which become a clouded spot. Body brownish gray. This species has the form of Mr. Morrison's Tœniocampa vegeta, but is of an ochrey fuscous gray, not at all reddish, or brown with a red tinge. Arizona. Coll. B. Neumoegen, Esq. Expanse 33 mil. Tibiæ apparently unarmed.
NOTES ON THRIPIDÆ, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES
Authors: Osborn Herbert 
Published: February 2010

The family Thripidæ, though possessing many characters of peculiar interest, and being of no little importance economically, has received but very little attention from American Entomologists, either systematic or economic. With the exception of a few notes upon their habits, and descriptions of some four or five species by Dr. Fitch, and also a few notes by Mr. Walsh and Prof. Riley, concerning their food habits, scarcely anything has been written of our native species.Without going into a discussion of the classification of the group, or the peculiar characters which seem to ally it to different orders, it will be sufficient here to state that the wings are entirely membranous and folded flat upon the back, which, with the general conformation of the body, would seem to place it with the Homopterous division of the Hemiptera. The mouth parts, however, are free, composed of both mandibles and maxillæ, and the maxillæ and labium are palpigerous—characters very diverse from those of the group just mentioned.
PREPARATORY STAGES OF EPILACHNA BOREALIS, Fab.
Authors: French G. H. 
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Length .06 inch by .02 in width. In shape elliptical, rather narrow. Color dingy yellow, somewhat pulverulent. There were 56 of these found on the under side of a leaf, set on one end and about .05 inch apart. They were found September 9, 1883, at which time they were hatching, hence the length of the egg period is not known.Young Larve.—Length .06 inch. Color dull yellow, more or less brownish at the ends, the sides of the head distinctly brownish. Each joint bears six branching spines concolorous with the body. In outline somewhat elliptical, the head being nearly as broad as the middle of the body, but the anal joint is not. Length of this period 5 days.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES
Authors: Edwards W. H. 
Published: February 2010

Argynnis Lais.Male.—Expands 2 inches.Upper side uniform bright red fulvous, slightly brown about bases of wings; the black markings all delicate; both wings bordered by a double line.Under side of primaries pale cinnamon-red, buff in upper outer part of cell and from costa to first median nervule; a brown patch at apex and another before apex, on which are two silver spots; the upper submarginal spots silvered. Secondaries have the area from base to outside second row of spots yellow, mottled with dark brown; the belt beyond same spots clear yellow, the margin dark brown; all the spots well silvered, rather small, those of the discal and second rows slightly edged on upper side by black.
NEW SPECIES AND NOTES ON STRUCTURE OF MOTHS AND GENERA
Authors: Grote A. R. 
Published: February 2010

Catocala Coelebs Gr.The fore wings are black with a grayish white subterminal shade. A strongly marked variety of Badia with the fore wings brown, was mistaken for Coelebs by Mr. Strecker, and was the occasion of its reference to Badia. But a sight of many specimens leads me to believe that the true C. Coelebs, with black fore wings, grades into Badia, and is only to be regarded as a variety of it. But this could not have been predicated of the type. The two extremes are exceedingly distinct and different looking.Exenterella Grote.I propose this generic term for Exentera Gr.; preoccupied in Insecta. Now that we have Mr. Scudder's work on genera, there will be more certainty about generic names. I notice that Rhododipsa is not included in Mr. Scudder's list. In speaking of the omissions in my review of it, I did not intend that any idea of purposed favoritism should be conveyed by my words. I merely regretted that some authors should have been so fully and others so sparingly represented. Had the proof of my paper been sent to me, I think I should have changed the wording to a simple expression of this regret.
ON THE GENUS LEUCOBREPHOS
Authors: Grote A. R. 
Published: February 2010

In my Check List (1876) I proposed three new generic names, Conservula, Oxylos and Leucobrephos. I have since discarded Oxylos and given the character which separates Conservula from Trigonophora Led. There remains Leucobrephos, which, owing to the kindness of Mr. Butler, who has examined Walker's types for me, I now describe as follows:Leucobrephos Grote; Type: Anarta Brephoides Walk.Male antennæ with longer pectinations than Brephos, and broader. Palpi concealed by the beard-like hair, more thickly hirsute than in Brephos. Eyes narrower, smooth, naked. The neuration differs by veins 3 and 4 of primaries arising from a common foot-stalk. On secondaries veins 3 and 4 arise from a long stem, diverging near the margin.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF NEONYMPHA CANTHUS, Linn. (EXCEPT THE CHRYSALIS.)
Authors: Howards W. H. 
Published: February 2010

Egg.—Sub-rotund, broadest at base, and there flattened; surface slightly rough, but without definite markings under a pretty high power; color greenish-white. Duration of this stage about 7 days.Young Larva.—Length just from egg, .09 inch; color yellow-white; but in a few hours changes to pale green; shape cylindrical, long, slender; the last segment bluntly bifurcated; on each segment a few tubercles, each of which gives out a clubbed white hair; head, at first, nearly twice as broad as 2, obovoid, truncated and depressed; on each vertex a small rounded prominence, indented at top, and from the middle of the hollow rises a little tubercle, with a bristle; color light brown; the surface shallowly pitted, and sparsely pilose; ocelli reddish brown.