bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thylakoids suppress appetite by increasing cholecystokinin resulting in lower food intake and body weight in high‐fat fed mice
Authors: Köhnke Rickard , Lindqvist Andreas , Göransson Nathanael , Emek Sinan C. , Albertsson Per‐Åke , Rehfeld Jens F. , Hultgårdh‐Nilsson Anna , Erlanson‐Albertsson Charlotte 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThylakoids are membranes isolated from plant chloroplasts which have previously been shown to inhibit pancreatic lipase/colipase catalysed hydrolysis of fat in vitro and induce short‐term satiety in vivo. The purpose of the present study was to examine if dietary supplementation of thylakoids could affect food intake and body weight during long‐term feeding in mice. Female apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice were fed a high‐fat diet containing 41% of fat by energy with and without thylakoids for 100 days. Mice fed the thylakoid‐enriched diet had suppressed food intake, body weight gain and body fat compared with the high‐fat fed control mice. Reduced serum glucose, serum triglyceride and serum free fatty acid levels were found in the thylakoid‐treated animals. The satiety hormone cholecystokinin was elevated, suggesting this hormone mediates satiety. Leptin levels were reduced, reflecting a decreased fat mass. There was no sign of desensitization in the animals treated with thylakoids. The results suggest that thylakoids are useful to suppress appetite and body weight gain when supplemented to a high‐fat food during long‐term feeding. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analgesic and antiinflammatory activity ofMorinda citrifoliaL. (Noni) fruit
Authors: Basar Simla , Uhlenhut Klaus , Högger Petra , Schöne Florian , Westendorf Johannes 
Published: July 2009

AbstractM. citrifoliais a tropical plant with a long tradition of medicinal use in Polynesia and tropical parts of eastern Asia and Australia. One of its favorite uses is the treatment of painful inflammatory conditions, such as arthritis. The analgesic activity of Noni fruit puree on mice was investigated using the hot plate test. A 10% solution of freeze concentrated Noni fruit puree in the drinking water of mice reduced the pain sensitivity comparably to the central analgesic drug tramadol. This effect was only partly reversed by the application of the morphine antagonist naloxone. An alcohol extract of noni fruit puree also caused an inhibition of MMP‐9 release from human monocytes after stimulation with LPS. This effect was comparable to hydrocortisone (10−5m). The findings suggest that preparations of noni fruits are effective in decreasing pain and joint destruction caused by arthritis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening of some kenyan medicinal plants for antibacterial activity
Authors: Wagate Cyrus G. , Mbaria James M. , Gakuya Daniel W. , Nanyingi Mark O. , Kareru P. G. , Njuguna Anne , Gitahi Nduhiu , Macharia James K. , Njonge Francis K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEleven medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Machakos and Kitui District were screened, namely: Ajuga remota Benth, Aloe secundiflora Engl, Amaranthus hybridus L, Cassia didymobotrya Fes, Croton macrostachyus Del, Entada leptostachya Harms, Erythrina abyssinica DC, Harrisonia abyssinica Oliv, Schkuhria pinnata O. Ktze, Terminalia kilimandscharica Engl and Ziziphus abyssinica Hochst for potential antibacterial activity against four medically important bacterial strains, namely: Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Micrococcus lutea ATCC 9341 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The antibacterial activity of methanol extracts was determined as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The plant extracts were more active against Gram‐positive (G+) than Gram‐negative (G−) bacteria. The positive controls were streptomycin and benzylpenicillin for G− and G+ bacteria, respectively, both had a significant MIC at <1 mg/mL. The most susceptible bacteria were B. cereus, followed by M. lutea, while the most resistant bacteria were Ps. aeruginosa, followed by E. coli. The present study supports the use of these plants by the herbalists in the management of bacterial ailments. H. abyssinica and T. kilimandscharica showed the best antibacterial activity; hence these plants can be further subjected to phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Optimal Self‐Pruning Neural Network and Nonlinear Descriptor Selection in QSAR
Authors: Burden Frank R. , Winkler David A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFeature selection is an important but still poorly solved problem in QSAR modeling. We employ a Bayesian regularized neural network with a sparse Laplacian prior as an efficient method for supervised feature selection, and robust parsimonious nonlinear QSAR modeling. The method simultaneously selects the most relevant descriptors for model, and automatically prunes the neural network to have the architecture with optimum prediction ability. We illustrate the advantages of the method using a suite of diverse data sets, and compare the results obtained by the new method against those obtained by alternative contemporary methods.
Range and strength of intermolecular forces for van der Waals complexes of the type H2Xn‐Rg, with X = O, S and n = 1,2
Authors: Barreto Patrícia R. P. , Palazzetti F. , Grossi G. , Lombardi A. , Maciel G. S. , Vilela A. F. A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis study is intended as a continuation of previous experimental and theoretical works on the systems H2O‐Rg, H2S‐Rg, H2O2‐Rg, and H2S2‐Rg, where Rg = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe. For the H2O‐Rg and H2S‐Rg systems, molecular and atomic polarizabilities have been calculated and from them, using phenomenological correlation formulas modeling the dispersion‐repulsion (van der Waals) forces, the isotropic interaction parameters have been determined and compared with experimental data from this laboratory. For the H2O2‐Rg and H2S2‐Rg systems, the molecular polarizabilities have been calculated and used in correlation formulas to predict well depths and positions of van der Waals forces and a comparison made with the corresponding potential energy surfaces calculated in previous works. The approach correctly predicts the interaction parameters, except for H2O and H2O2 with the heavier rare gases. The correlation formulas have been then extended to include an attractive induction contribution accounting for the interaction between the permanent molecular dipole moment and the instantaneous induced atomic dipole moment, to improve the predicted parameters for H2O and H2O2‐Ar, Kr and Xe. The agreement with experimental and theoretical data is improved but the predicted data still underestimate the interaction. This is probably due to the presence of a significant non van der Waals contribution to the interaction for the heavier gases, as suggested by analogy with the previously studied water‐Rg case. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Influence of oxygen vibrational excitation on HS + O2 reactive collisions
Authors: Garrido Juan de Dios , Nascimento Marco Antonio Chaer , Ballester Maikel Yusat 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe title reaction is studied in the frame of quasiclassical trajectory method using a previously reported global potential energy surface for the ground electronic state of HSO2. To assert the role of vibrational excitation in molecular oxygen, specific calculations at some vibrational quantum states were carried out. To take into account the zero point energy leakage of the classical calculations, a passive method, Internal Energy Quantum Mechanical Threshold is used. HSO + O are the most formed set of products. Total reactive cross‐sections are calculated and fitted to models in the studied energy range. Analytical expression for rate coefficients are reported as well. A comparison of reactivities when vibrational energy is deposited either in O2 or in HS is also presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Electrodynamical and quantum‐chemical approaches to modeling the electrochemical and catalytic processes on metals, metal alloys, and semiconductors
Authors: Glushkov A. V. , Kondratenko P. A. , Lepikh Ya. I. , Fedchuk A. P. , Lovett L. , Svinarenko A. A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA problem of the catalytic activity definition for metals, binary metallic alloys, and semiconductor materials is considered within new quantum mechanical and electrodynamics approach in the electron theory of catalysis. The quantitative link between the electron structure parameters of the materials and their catalytic activity on example of simple model reactions of the following type are found: H = H+ + e, O2 + e− = O. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Tracking periodic signals for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems
Authors: Yang Zaiyue , Chan C. W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, a conditional learning control (CLC) is proposed to track periodic signals for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics. The main advantage of the CLC over the conventional iterative learning control is that monotonic convergence of the control sequence in the iteration domain is achieved, as the CLC ensures the learning is based on the steady‐state output, and hence the effect of the vanishing and unknown transient output is minimized. Following this result, the convergence of the tracking errors is obtained. Further, the optimal setting of the learning gains can be obtained in a min–max sense. A simulation example is presented to illustrate the performance and implementation of the CLC. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Importance and seasonal availability of terrestrial invertebrates as prey for juvenile salmonids in floodplain spring brooks of the Kol River (Kamchatka, Russian Federation)
Authors: Eberle Lorri C. , Stanford Jack A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEnergy and resource fluxes between terrestrial and aquatic habitats of river flood plains can have reciprocal influences on food webs. Floodplain spring brooks may contain high densities (>1 m−2) of juvenile fish even when aquatic food resources appear to be low. A likely explanation is the allochthonous energy subsidy from riparian vegetation (e.g. leaves, invertebrates). To quantify this relationship in a rich salmon river ecosystem, we measured the temporal and spatial flux of terrestrial invertebrate and aquatic food resources in relation to diets of the two most abundant salmonid species in two spring brooks within early (<20 years) and late (>50 years) successional riparia on an expansive coastal flood plain of the Kol River, Kamchatka.Standing crops of benthic invertebrates and density of drifting invertebrates (dry mass) were fairly low (<4 g m−2 and <1 mg m−3, respectively) at both sites, but annual average terrestrial invertebrate input among sites was 22.2 ±  0.1 mg m−2 day−1. On average 68% of the coho salmon diet was of terrestrial origin, contrasting with 13% for Dolly Varden char at both sites, thus showing resource partitioning. Diet varied temporally and spatially with prey availability. Specifically, larvae of a weevil (Curculionidae) feeding on willow catkins were a dominant diet item for coho in the spring but only at the early successional site; Dolly Varden also ate these weevils but aquatic invertebrates continued to dominate their diets, further demonstrating behavioural segregation. The results show the importance of channel‐floodplain connectivity to management and conservation of salmon rivers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing treatment effects in unconfounded studies under model misspecification: Logistic regression, discretization, and their combination
Authors: Cangul M. Z. , Chretien Y. R. , Gutman R. , Rubin D. B. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLogistic regression is commonly used to test for treatment effects in observational studies. If the distribution of a continuous covariate differs between treated and control populations, logistic regression yields an invalid hypothesis test even in an uncounfounded study if the link is not logistic. This flaw is not corrected by the commonly used technique of discretizing the covariate into intervals. A valid test can be obtained by discretization followed by regression adjustment within each interval. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The nature of partnering experience and the gains from alliances
Authors: Gulati Ranjay , Lavie Dovev , Singh Harbir 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe examine the conditions under which the prior partnering experience of firms contributes to value creation in their new alliances. We propose that prior experience with the same partners, that is, ‘partner‐specific experience,’ provides greater benefits than ‘general partnering experience’ that encompasses all prior alliances with any partner. We further explore some of the boundary conditions for the effects of partner‐specific experience. We suggest that the effect of partner‐specific experience on value creation in alliances is moderated by the extent to which the assets of the new partner differ from those of the firm's prior partners. We also propose that the firm's own technological and financial resources increase the benefits of partner‐specific experience. Finally, we predict that the value of partner‐specific experience will increase under high levels of firm‐specific uncertainty. We test these hypotheses with comprehensive longitudinal multi‐industry data on joint ventures formed among Fortune 300 firms between 1987 and 1996. Based on stock market returns to joint venture announcements, the results provide support for the contingent value of partnering experience. The implications for managing alliances and advancing organizational learning are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoresponsive Crosslinked Hyperbranched Polyglycerols as Smart Nanocarriers for Guest Binding and Controlled Release
Authors: Burakowska Ewelina , Zimmerman Steven C. , Haag Rainer 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA convenient methodology for the synthesis of photolabile crosslinked hyperbranched polyglycerol nanocapsules is presented. These nanocarriers selectively and efficiently bind ionic guest molecules. The stability of the host–guest complexes formed depends on the counterion of the guest molecules. Moreover, the control over guest binding can be achieved by modification of the polymer building blocks, in particular the outer shell. In addition, photo‐triggered degradation of the nanocarrier leads to efficient release of encapsulated guest molecules. This approach, using photolabile dendritic nanocarriers to bind and release guest molecules, is of particular relevance for biomedical applications where selective guest binding and controlled release are crucial.
Comparison of models for evolution of X‐ray satellite lines
Authors: Mukoyama T. , Uda M. , Kövér L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEvolution of the KL X‐ray satellite line was studied. Four theoretical models based on the adiabatic approximation were fitted to the experimental data for the intensity ratio of the satellite line relative to the diagram line for Fe and Zn as a function of incident photon energy. The Thomas, the Vatai, the Roy and the modified Roy (Roy2) models were considered. Comparison of these four models was made for the case of inner‐shell electron transitions and their difference was clarified. The reason that the models developed for bound–bound transitions can give satisfactory results for bound‐free transitions is discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phyllites used as waterproofing layer materials for greenhouses crops in Spain: multivariate statistical analysis applied to their classification based on X‐ray fluorescence analysis
Authors: Garzón E. , García‐Rodríguez I. G. , Ruiz‐Conde A. , Sánchez‐Soto P. J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe results are presented for the chemical characterization carried out with 53 raw material samples with phyllosilicates from outcrops located between the provinces of Almería and Granada (SE Spain) in order to use them as waterproof layers under the floors of greenhouses. For this purpose, the samples have been studied by these techniques: X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), X‐Ray Fluorescence (WDXRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), chemical analysis by energy‐dispersive X‐Ray detection (EDX), and thermogravimetry. To isolate groups of phyllite samples with similar chemical profiles and correlations between the samples, the WDXRF data (11 chemical elements) have been processed using the methodology of exploratory multivariate statistical analyses: cluster analysis, main‐component analysis, and discriminating canon analysis. This study was performed as a screening test and as a means of finding similarities and correlations among all 53 phyllite samples, allowing the isolation of groups of phyllite samples with similar chemical profiles. The results indicate that the 53 phyllite samples can be divided into two main groups. The first group is subdivided into two subgroups (1 and 2), one of which includes most of the samples. The latter is further classified into three blocks with the same chemical composition. This allows to search for the raw material with potentially the best waterproof characteristics within the five groups. The classification is of validity as a screening test for subsequent experimental determinations concerning the physical properties of these samples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Bond Situation of [Co7Se7Cp3(CO)4] (Cp = Cyclopentadienyl)
Authors: Koenig Sven , Fenske Dieter , Weigend Florian 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe reaction of Se(SiMe3)2 with [CpCo(CO)2] (Cp = cyclopentadienyl) led to the formation of the new chalkogenido‐bridged cobalt cluster compound [Co7Se7Cp3(CO)4] (1). The compound crystallizes as dark violet needles that are suitable for X‐ray structural analysis. Space group P21/n, monoclinic; Z = 4; lattice dimensions /Å: a = 10.321(2), b = 15.860(3), c = 18.436(4); β = 100.57(3)°; V = 2966.7(10) Å3; R1 = 0.0411. The molecular structure of the compound features a distorted hexagonal prism. The bond situation was investigated by density functional calculations and subsequent transformation to localized molecular orbitals.
Population structure affected by excess gene flow in self‐pollinating Elymus nutans and E. burchan‐buddae (Triticeae: Poaceae)
Authors: Yan Xue‐Bing , Guo Yu‐Xia , Liu Fa‐Yang , Zhao Chong , Liu Quan‐Lan , Lu Bao‐Rong 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSeed‐mediated gene flow can considerably affect population genetic structure of strictly self‐pollinating species, but little is known on the extent and nature of such gene flow among pastoral plant populations. Molecular fingerprints provide a powerful tool to address the relevant issues. Genetic structure of 22 populations of two self‐pollinating pasture species, Elymus nutans and E. burchan‐buddae, collected from various altitudes of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau was studied using fluorescence‐based amplified fragment length polymorphism technique. Analysis of molecular variance revealed 42.97% and 37.63% among‐population variation for the two Elymus species, respectively, indicating that the majority of the total variation presented within populations. This result contradicts the common genetic variation pattern for a selfing plant species: lower genetic variation within populations. Further analysis suggested higher level of gene flow among populations within the same region than among different regions across the sampled area for the two Elymus species. STRUCTURE analyses of the Elymus populations indicated an evident admixture genetic structure, particularly among neighboring populations from the same region, supporting the hypothesis of considerable seed dispersal among populations. The excess within‐region gene flow of E. nutans and E. burchan‐buddae might be caused by grazing animals that promote seed dispersal when moved around the pastoral lands during foraging. The among‐population gene flow promulgated by grazing animals may promote the maintenance of genetic diversity in the pasture species, particularly in small and fragmented populations within a given region.
Determination of Trace Nickel in Hydrogenated Cottonseed Oil by Pressurized Bomb Acid Digestion and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Detection
Authors: Liu Jianbo , Zhang Gai , Meng Zuchao , Qiao Bo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractsA pressurized polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bomb method for the digestion of trace nickel in hydrogenated cottonseed oil prior to its determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) has been developed. Currently, the methods outlined in United States Pharmacopeial 28 (USP28) and British Pharmacopeial (BP2003) methods are recommended as the official methods for analyzing nickel in hydrogenated cottonseed oil. However, when using these methods, the samples were easily tarnished during sample pretreatment when using a silica crucible. In contrast, when using a platinum crucible, hydrogenated cottonseed oil acting as a reducing material may react with the platinum and destroy the crucible. In order to avoid the tarnish with a silica crucible and the risk when using platinum, the technology of a pressurized PTFE bomb method was applied in the digestion of nickel in hydrogenated cottonseed oil. The results showed that hydrogenated cottonseed oil can be digested completely by the optimal combinations of HCl (0.1 mL) and HNO3 (0.5 mL). The digested solution was investigated using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.
Changes for the New AMA Guides to Impairment Ratings, 6th Edition: Implications and Applications for Physician Disability Evaluations
Authors: Rondinelli Robert D. 
Published: July 2009

ObjectiveU.S. Disability Systems share a common procedural approach to the determination of disability for purposes of compensation. The structural and anatomical consequences of the injury or disease are defined and measured according to medical impairment, which is used to estimate the individual's loss in terms of their capacity to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and, presumptively, their losses in terms of vocational and non‐vocational pursuits and quality of life. The physician is traditionally empowered to rate the severity of impairment in terms of a percentage loss to the “whole person” and according to criteria specific to each disability system. Often, the impairment percentage so derived, then is directly translated into a monetary sum for purposes of compensating these losses. The AMA periodically publishes and updates a physician impairment rating guide (the AMA Guides). The 6th Edition, published in 2008, incorporates the definitions and terminology of the ICF and provides a simple means of assessment of ADLs as part of the rating process. It also has shifted the ratings criteria towards a diagnosis‐based approach, ostensibly to improve inter‐rater consistency and reliability.ConclusionFurther work is needed to refine and validate ADL‐based functional assessment tools applicable to medical impairment ratings, and to demonstrate the levels of consistency and reliability of the new rating method. Of equal importance, operational standardization across systems is also needed to enable common criteria and metrics to be developed and applied when determining the non‐medical aspects of disability according to vocational and non‐vocational pursuits and quality of life. Impairment ratings cannot be optimally designed to serve as the singular determinant of, nor be held solely accountable for, the disability awards.