bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstetric anesthesia for the obese and morbidly obese patient: an ounce of prevention is worth more than a pound of treatment
Authors: SOENS MIEKE A. , BIRNBACH DAVID J. , RANASINGHE JAYANTHIE S. , VAN ZUNDERT ANDRÉ 
Published: July 2010

Background: The incidence of obesity has been dramatically increasing across the globe. Anesthesiologists, are increasingly faced with the care for these patients. Obesity in the pregnant woman is associated with a broad spectrum of problems, including dramatically increased risk for cesarean delivery, diabetes, hypertension and pre‐eclampsia. A thorough understanding of the physiology, associated conditions and morbidity, available options for anesthesia and possible complications is therefore important for today's anesthesiologist.Methods: This is a personal review in which different aspects of obesity in the pregnant woman, that are relevant to the anesthesiologist, are discussed. An overview of maternal and fetal morbidity and physiologic changes associated with pregnancy and obesity is provided and different options for labor analgesia, the anesthetic management for cesarean delivery and potential post‐partum complications are discussed in detail.Results and conclusion: The anesthetic management of the morbidly obese parturient is associated with special hazards. The risk for difficult or failed intubation is exceedingly high. The early placement of an epidural or intrathecal catheter may overcome the need for general anesthesia, however, the high initial failure rate necessitates critical block assessment and catheter replacement when indicated.
Immediate and delayed life history effects caused by food deprivation early in life in a short‐lived lizard
Authors: MUGABO M. , MARQUIS O. , PERRET S. , LE GALLIARD J. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDetailed studies of the mechanisms driving life history effects of food availability are of prime importance to understand the evolution of phenotypic plasticity and the capacity of organisms to produce better adapted phenotypes. Food availability may influence life history trajectories through three nonexclusive mechanisms: (i) immediate and long‐lasting effects on individual quality, and indirect delayed effects on (ii) intracohort and (iii) intercohort interactions. Using the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara), we tested whether a food deprivation during the two‐first months of life influence life history (growth, survival, reproduction) and performance traits (immunocompetence, locomotor performances) until adulthood. We investigated the underlying mechanisms and their possible interactions by manipulating jointly food availability in a birth cohort and in cohorts of older conspecifics. Food deprivation had direct immediate negative effects on growth but positive long‐lasting effects on immunocompetence. Food deprivation had also indirect delayed effects on growth, body size, early survival and reproduction mediated by an interaction between its direct effects on individual quality and its delayed effects on the intensity of intercohort social interactions combined with density dependence on body size. These results demonstrate that interactions between direct and socially mediated effects of past environments influence life history evolution in size‐structured and stage‐structured populations.
Microarray analysis of microRNA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and non‐tumorous tissues without viral hepatitis
Authors: Huang Yuan‐Shuai , Dai Yong , Yu Xiao‐Fang , Bao Shi‐Yun , Yin Yi‐Bing , Tang Min , Hu Cheng‐Xiao 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non‐coding RNA molecules of 21–24 nt that regulate the expression of target genes in a post‐transcriptional manner. Evidence indicates that miRNAs play essential roles in embryogenesis, cell differentiation, and pathogenesis of human diseases including cancer.Methods:  We analyzed the miRNA expression profiles in 10 pairs of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and adjacent non‐tumorous tissue (NT) from 10 non‐viral hepatitis patients, using a mammalian miRNA microarray containing whole human mature and precursor miRNA sequences.Results:  A total of 15 miRNAs exhibited higher expression in the HCC samples than that in the NT samples, and one miRNA demonstrated lower expression in the HCC samples than in the NT samples. A total of 18 miRNAs identified valid expression only in HCC samples, with six only in NT samples. The chip results were confirmed by Northern blot analysis.Conclusion:  Our study may help clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HCC, and miRNAs potentially serve as a novel diagnostic tool of HCC.
Risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with corticosteroids
Authors: KIM Tae‐Wan , KIM Mi‐Na , KWON Jae‐Woo , KIM Kyung‐Mook , KIM Sae‐Hoon , KIM Won , PARK Heung‐Woo , CHANG Yoon‐Seok , CHO Sang‐Heon , MIN Kyung‐Up , KIM You‐Young 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is thought to be associated with immunosuppressive treatments, but insufficient information is available on the effect of corticosteroids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of HBV reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen‐seropositive patients with asthma or COPD, who were treated with systemic corticosteroids (SCS) in addition to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).Methods:  Patients with asthma or COPD (n = 198), who were hepatitis B surface antigen‐seropositive and had been treated with ICS, were identified retrospectively. To evaluate the additional effects of SCS, the SCS group was divided into those who received intermittent or continuous SCS (≥3 months of continuous SCS treatment), and into those who received low‐dose (≤20 mg/day of prednisolone) or medium‐to‐high‐dose SCS. The study outcome was HBV reactivation.Results:  HBV reactivation occurred in 11.1% of patients in the SCS group, which was significantly higher than the reactivation rate in the ICS group. HBV reactivation was more frequent in the SCS group compared with the ICS group (OR 3.813, 95% CI: 1.106–13.145, P = 0.032), and in the continuous and medium‐to‐high‐dose SCS subgroups compared with the ICS group (OR 5.719, 95% CI: 1.172–27.905, P = 0.048 and OR 4.884, 95% CI: 1.362–17.511, P = 0.014, respectively).Conclusions:  These results suggest that addition of SCS to ICS increases the risk of HBV reactivation, especially when SCS are administered chronically or at high doses.
Clinical significance of serum Dkk‐3 in patients with gynecological cancer
Authors: Jiang Tao , Huang Ling , Wang Shizhuo , Zhang Shulan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim:  The expression of Dkk‐3, as a number of the Dkk family was different in different cancer. Because Dkk‐3 encodes a secreted protein, we investigated whether the Dkk‐3 protein is secreted into the sera of patients with gynecological cancer.Material & Methods:  The levels of Dkk‐3 protein were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in the sera of 104 patients with gynecological cancer: 36 with ovarian, 40 with cervical and 28 with endometrial cancers.Results:  The serum levels of Dkk‐3 protein in patients with ovarian cancer [25.54 (7.99) pg/mL] was lower than in normal individuals [42.08 (14.89) pg/mL] (P = 0.000). But serum levels of Dkk‐3 protein in patients with cervical [166.39 (300.68) pg/mL] (P = 0.013) and endometrial cancers [73.64 (23.36) pg/mL] (P = 0.000) were higher than in normal individuals. The serum levels of Dkk‐3 protein were associated with clinical stage in patients with cervical and endometrial cancers. In patients with ovarian cancer, the serum levels of Dkk‐3 protein were associated with lymphatic metastasis. In patients with cervical cancer, the serum levels of Dkk‐3 protein were associated with tumor diameters.Conclusion:  Dkk‐3 protein detection using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay as molecular markers can contribute to detection and diagnosis of gynecological cancer, especially for ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer.
Monochorionic triamniotic triplet pregnancies with assisted reproductive technology: Two case reports
Authors: Iwamoto Hideki , Yoshida Atsumi , Suzuki Hiroki , Tanaka Miho , Takeuchi Takumi , Nakamura Takumi , Watanabe Noriko , Suzuki Yukinari , Sugimura Kazuyo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDevelopments in assisted reproductive technology have allowed us to decrease the numbers of transferred embryos and thereby reduce the risk of multifetal pregnancies. However, even when the numbers of transferred embryos are restricted, the incidence of monozygotic multiple pregnancies is not reduced, and can be significantly higher than normal. We report two cases of monochorionic triamniotic triplet pregnancies after applying assisted reproductive technology. Three male babies were born in one pregnancy and the other pregnancy aborted at 10 weeks of gestation. Several factors, such as manipulation of the zona pellucida or extended blastocyst culture, might increase the risk of such monozygotic multiple gestations in this setting, but the actual causes remain unknown. Besides detecting predictive factors for monozygotic pregnancies, any manipulation of the zona pellucida in combination with blastocyst culture must be done cautiously to minimize the likelihood of monochorionic multiple pregnancies.
Malignant mixed müllerian tumor with malignant neuroectodermal components (teratoid carcinosarcoma) of the ovary: Report of a case with clinicopathologic findings
Authors: Matsuura Yusuke , Kitajima Mitsuyasu , Hachisuga Toru , Tanimoto Akihide , Okura Naohumi , Kihara Ikuo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMalignant mixed müllerian tumor (MMMT) or carcinosarcoma of the female genital tract is a rare neoplasm. Malignant ovarian tumor composed of müllerian epithelial tumor and malignant germ cell tumor is also rare, with most cases composed of endometrioid adenocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor. Ovarian MMMT with malignant neuroectodermal components resembling immature teratoma is extremely rare. We report a case of teratoid carcinosarcoma of the ovary occurring in a 40‐year‐old female. The resected tumor measuring over 20 cm in diameter consisted of cystic and solid components and was very fragile. Microscopic examination showed a heterogenous mixed tumor composed of malignant epithelial, malignant mesodermal and malignant neuroectodermal components. The cells of ganglioneuroblastoma‐like area were positive for neural markers (Synaptophysin, S‐100 protein, neuron‐specific enolase). There was no tumor immunoreactivity to α‐fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, human chorionic gonadotropin, and inhibin. In spite of aggressive combination chemotherapy and three times of laparotomy, the patient died of disease 3 years 10 months after the initial treatment. This quite rare ovarian tumor closely resembled nasopharyngeal tumors described as ‘teratoid carcinosarcoma’ is biologically aggressive. We report the fourth case of ovarian teratoid carcinosarcoma. Further cases need to be accumulated to make diagnosis and to determine a successful treatment modality.
The relationship between sleep and epilepsy: the effect on cognitive functioning in children
Authors: PARISI PASQUALE , BRUNI OLIVIERO , PIA VILLA MARIA , VERROTTI ALBERTO , MIANO SILVIA , LUCHETTI ANNA , CURATOLO PAOLO 
Published: July 2010

Aim The purpose of this review was to examine the possible pathophysiological links between epilepsy, cognition, sleep macro‐ and microstructure, and sleep disorders to highlight the contributions and interactions of sleep and epilepsy on cognitive functioning in children with epilepsy.Method PubMed was used as the medical database source. No language restriction was placed on the literature searches, and citations of relevant studies in the paediatric age range (0–18y) were checked. Studies including a mixed population but with a high percentage of children were also considered.Results The searches identified 223 studies. One reviewer scanned these to eliminate obviously irrelevant studies. Three reviewers scanned the remaining 128 studies and their relevant citations. The review showed that several factors could account for the learning impairment in children with epilepsy: aetiology, electroencephalographic (EEG) discharges, and persistence and circadian distribution of seizures, etc. EEG discharges may affect cognition and sleep, even in the absence of clinical or subclinical seizures. The sleep deprivation and/or sleep disruption affect the neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms important for the memory–learning process, but also influence the expression of EEG discharges and seizures. Learning and memory consolidation can take place over extended periods, and sleep has been demonstrated to play a fundamental role in these processes through neuroplastic remodelling of neural networks. Epilepsy and EEG paroxysms may affect sleep structure, interfering with these physiological functions.Interpretation Improvement in the long‐term cognitive–behavioural prognosis of children with epilepsy requires both good sleep quality and good seizure control. The antiepileptic drug of choice should be the one that interferes least with sleep structure and has the best effect on sleep architecture – thus normalizing sleep instability, especially during non‐rapid eye movement sleep.
Region‐Specific Induction of FosB/ΔFosB by Voluntary Alcohol Intake: Effects of Naltrexone
Authors: Li Jing , Cheng Yunhui , Bian Weiliang , Liu Xiaojun , Zhang Chunxiang , Ye Jiang‐Hong 
Published: July 2010

Background: ΔFosB is the best characterized transcription factor induced by chronic stimulation. Although previous studies have demonstrated that chronic passive ethanol exposure alters ΔFosB immunoreactivity (IR), the effect of chronic voluntary ethanol consumption on ΔFosB remains unknown. Furthermore, although previous studies have demonstrated that the opioid antagonist naltrexone reduces alcohol consumption in clinical and preclinical settings, the effect of naltrexone on FosB/ΔFosB has not been explored. Here, we examined the effects of chronic voluntary ethanol intake and naltrexone on FosB/ΔFosB IR in striatal region and prefrontal cortex, and the effect of naltrexone on voluntary ethanol intake.Methods: We utilized immunohistochemistry to define the changes in FosB/ΔFosB IR induced by chronic voluntary ethanol intake under a two‐bottle intermittent access of 20% ethanol model and by systematic administration (intraperitoneal injection) of naltrexone in Sprague‐Dawley rats.Results: Chronic (15 drinking sessions in 35 days) voluntary ethanol intake robustly induces FosB/ΔFosB IR in nucleus accumbens core, dorsolateral striatum, and orbitofrontal cortex, but not in nucleus accumbens shell, dorsomedial striatum, and medial prefrontal cortex. Systemic administration of naltrexone for 6 days significantly reduced voluntary ethanol consumption and FosB/ΔFosB IR induced by chronic voluntary ethanol intake.Conclusion: Our results suggest that chronic voluntary ethanol intake induces FosB/ΔFosB IR in a subregion‐specific manner which involves the activation of endogenous opioid system.
Role of perioperative intravenous iron therapy in elderly hip fracture patients: a single‐center randomized controlled trial
Authors: Serrano‐Trenas José Antonio , Ugalde Pilar Font , Cabello Laura Muñoz , Chofles Luis Castro , Lázaro Pilar Serrano , Benítez Pedro Carpintero 
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND: The main objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of intravenous (IV) iron sucrose therapy reducing transfusion requirements in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was a prospective randomized controlled trial involving 200 patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Group A (100 patients) received standard treatment, while Group B (100 patients) received iron sucrose (600 mg IV). The primary endpoint was the number of patients that were transfused postoperatively. The secondary endpoints were the rate of red blood cell units used, hematimetric variables of blood tests, mortality, infection rates, length of hospital stay, and appearance of side effects.RESULTS: Differences in the percentage of patients requiring transfusion (Group A 41.3% vs. Group B 33.3%) and in the number of concentrates transfused (0.87 ± 1.21 for Group A vs. 0.76 ± 1.16 for Group B) were not significant for the patient group as a whole, but were significant for patients with intracapsular fractures (45.7% required transfusion in Group A vs. 14.3% in Group B; p < 0.005) and in patients with a baseline hemoglobin (Hb) level of 12 g/dL or more (35.2% required transfusions in Group A vs. 19% in Group B; p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Transfusion requirements in patients with intracapsular fracture or baseline Hb level of 12 g/dL or more appear to be reduced by IV iron sucrose therapy, but there was no difference in morbidity, mortality, or length of hospital stay. The treatment is safe and hastens recovery from blood loss.
Promoter hypomethylation up‐regulates CD147 expression through increasing Sp1 binding and associates with poor prognosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kong Ling‐Min , Liao Cheng‐Gong , Chen Liang , Yang Hu‐Shan , Zhang Si‐He , Zhang Zheng , Bian Hui‐Jie , Xing Jin‐Liang , Chen Zhi‐Nan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCD147 is a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which could promote HCC progression and metastasis. Promoter methylation is one of the most important processes in gene regulation. In this study, we aim to investigate CD147 promoter methylation status and the correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis in HCC. CD147 promoter methylation statuses and expression levels in normal and HCC cell lines and 54 paired HCC and adjacent non‐tumour (ANT) tissues were, respectively, examined by bisulphite genomic sequencing, methylation‐specific PCR, real‐time RT‐PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The correlations of promoter methylation statuses with CD147 expression level and the clinicopathological features were statistically analysed in HCC patients. Significantly higher expression of CD147 and significantly lower promoter methylation level were observed in HCC cell lines compared to normal cell lines and tissues control. In vivo and in vitro analysis indicated that demethylation with 5‐Aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine led to increased CD147 expression through enhancing Sp1 binding affinity, and methylation with methyltransferase reduced CD147 transcriptional activity through interfering Sp1 binding. CD147 promoter methylation level in HCC tissues (22.22%) was lower than that in ANT tissues (46.30%; P < 0.05). Within HCC tissues, a significant inverse correlation was observed between CD147 expression and methylation level (r=−0.615). Moreover, HCC patients with unmethylated CD147 promoter had a significantly higher recurrence rate (88.1%versus 58.3%; P < 0.05) and death rate (83.3%versus 50.0%; P < 0.05) than patients with methylated CD147 promoter. In conclusions, promoter hypomethylation up‐regulates CD147 expression primarily through increasing Sp1 binding and associates with poor prognosis in HCC patients.
Endogenous toll‐like receptor ligands and their biological significance
Authors: Yu Li , Wang Liantang , Chen Shangwu 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Introduction
TLR signalling
Endogenous TLR ligands
Biological significance of signalling triggered by endogenous TLR ligands
Conclusions

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), a family of pattern recognition receptors, recognize and respond to conserved components of microbes and play a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunity. In addition to binding exogenous ligands derived from pathogens, TLRs interact with endogenous molecules released from damaged tissues or dead cells and regulate many sterile inflammation processes. Putative endogenous TLR ligands include proteins and peptides, polysaccharides and proteoglycan, nucleic acids and phospholipids, which are cellular components, particularly extracellular matrix degradation products. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that endogenous ligand‐mediated TLR signalling is involved in pathological conditions such as tissue injury, repair and regeneration; autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis. The ability of TLRs to recognize endogenous stimulators appears to be essential to their function in regulating non‐infectious inflammation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of endogenous TLR ligands and discuss the biological significance of TLR signalling triggered by endogenous ligands in several sterile inflammation conditions.
A simple and economical method for the manual construction of frozen tissue arrays
Authors: TSAO SHU‐CHUAN , WU CHUN‐CHIEH , WEN CHIEN‐HUI , HUANG YA‐CHUN , CHAI CHEE‐YIN 
Published: July 2010

Tsao S‐C, Wu C‐C, Wen C‐H, Huang Y‐C, Chai C‐Y. A simple and economical method for the manual construction of frozen tissue arrays. APMIS 2010; 118: 739–43.Tissue microarray has been developed to enable multiple cores of tissue in one or more new paraffin blocks. Currently, almost all tissue microarrays are made by coring cylindrical tissues from formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues. The disadvantages of formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues include the poor preservation of antigenicity of certain proteins and mRNA degradation induced by the fixation and embedding process. However, frozen tissue array construction presents technical difficulties, and tissue array devices are expensive, particularly for small‐ and medium‐sized laboratories. We describe a simple manual method for producing well‐aligned tissue arrays by a capsule freeze method that allows us to successfully perform hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemical stain. All 120 tissue samples were collected and constructed into blocks by this capsule freeze method. The capsules were not affected during the sectioning process, and the capsule material always disappeared during the aqueous steps of the stain processing. The frozen tissue arrays were smoothly sectioned without the use of a tape transfer system and immunohistochemical study was performed with satisfactory results. This alternative method can be applied in any laboratory, and is both simple and economical.
A novel xenograft model of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Krejsgaard Thorbjørn , Kopp Katharina , Ralfkiaer Elisabeth , Willumsgaard Ayelah E. , Eriksen Karsten W. , Labuda Tord , Rasmussen Susanne , Mathiesen Anne‐Merete , Geisler Carsten , Lauenborg Britt , Becker Jürgen C. , Zhang Qian , Wasik Mariusz A. , Odum Niels , Woetmann Anders 
Published: July 2010

Please cite this paper as: A novel xenograft model of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 1096–1102.Abstract:  Cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are characterized by accumulation of malignant T cells in the skin. Early disease resembles benign skin disorders but during disease progression cutaneous tumors develop, and eventually the malignant T cells can spread to lymph nodes and internal organs. However, because of the lack of suitable animal models, little is known about the mechanisms driving CTCL development and progression in vivo. Here, we describe a novel xenograft model of tumor stage CTCL, where malignant T cells (MyLa2059) are transplanted to NOD/SCID‐B2m−/− (NOD.Cg‐Prkdcscid B2mtm1Unc/J) mice. Subcutaneous transplantation of the malignant T cells led to rapid tumor formation in 43 of 48 transplantations, whereas transplantation of non‐malignant T cells isolated from the same donor did not result in tumor development. Importantly, the tumor growth was significantly suppressed in mice treated with vorinostat when compared to mice treated with vehicle. Furthermore, in most mice the tumors displayed subcutaneous and/or lymphatic dissemination. Histological, immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses confirmed that both tumors at the inoculation site, as well as distant subcutaneous and lymphatic tumors, originated from the transplanted malignant T cells. In conclusion, we describe a novel mouse model of tumor stage CTCL for future studies of disease dissemination and preclinical evaluations of new therapeutic strategies.