bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community disassembly and reassembly following experimental storm surge and wrack application
Authors: Tate Anthony S. , Battaglia Loretta L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractQuestionsThe structure of coastal vegetation could be altered by a regime of more intense hurricanes stemming from global climate change: (1) How do plant communities and environmental conditions across an estuarine gradient change in relation to simulated storm surge and wrack deposition? and; (2) Are there differences in the magnitude of compositional shifts along an underlying soil water conductivity gradient?LocationCoastal northwest Florida, USA.MethodsFour plant communities spanning an estuarine gradient (brackish marsh, freshwater marsh, wetland forest and pine savanna) were surveyed prior to and following flooding with artificial seawater and manual application of wrack. Environmental data (soil water conductivity and light transmission to soil surface) were also collected before and after treatment applications. Soil samples for texture analysis were collected prior to experimental treatments.ResultsThe storm surge treatment reduced cover of most species, causing browning and eventual loss of leaves, particularly in pine savanna species. Soil water conductivity remained elevated for 6 mo following the experimental storm surge in the wetland forest and pine savanna. Wrack deposition resulted in substantial mortality of underlying vegetation and reduced species richness in all communities. The composition of the pine savanna plant community shifted in response to experimental storm surge and wrack application, with ‘hardy’ species capable of resprouting becoming more abundant and sensitive species dropping out of the assemblage. Vegetation zones with high background soil salinity were more resilient to the effects of storm surge and wrack deposition.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the combined effects of storm surge and wrack deposition can drive compositional shifts, particularly in more upland assemblages. We conclude that vegetation consisting of species ‘naïve’ to increased salinity and/or burial by wrack are highly vulnerable to tropical storm intensification.
Peripheral blood mammaglobin gene expression for diagnosis and prediction of metastasis in breast cancer patients
Authors: RADWAN Wafaa M , MOUSSA Heba S , ESSA Enas S , KANDIL Samia H , KAMEL Azza M 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the value of peripheral blood mammaglobin (MG) gene expression for diagnosis and prediction of metastasis in breast cancer patients.Methods:  MG expression was detected by nested reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction in the peripheral blood of 46 females (32 breast cancer, 12 benign breast lesions, 2 no breast abnormalities). In total 28 breast cancer patients were followed up through a period of 34 months for the development of metastasis.Results:  MG expression was detected in 16/32 (50%) breast cancer patients but not in patients with benign lesions or healthy participants. Five patients had metastasis at diagnosis. During the 34 months of follow up, five more MG‐positive patients showed metastatic lesions and none of the MG negative patients who were followed up developed metastasis.Conclusion:  The study suggests blood MG expression is a specific molecular marker for detection of occult mammary carcinoma cells of patients with operable breast cancer. It might be of value as a predictor of subsequent metastasis. Large‐scale studies and longer follow‐up periods are needed.
ANALYSIS OF DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR AND BENDING RESISTANCE OF DRY RICE VERMICELLI BASED ON COMPRESSIVE ROD POSTBUCKLING
Authors: JIANG SONG , ZENG XINXIN , ZHU MEIRU , LIU JINWEI 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis work studied the deformation behavior and deformation parameters of dry rice vermicelli in the process of bending fracture based on the large‐deflection theory of compressive rod postbuckling. Dry rice vermicelli samples in five different lengths were investigated. Middle‐point deflection and bending angle in different axial displacements were measured using TA‐XT2i Texture Analyzer equipped with an in‐house‐built attachment. It was found that the end bending angle, the middle‐point deflection and the end axial displacement were in one‐to‐one correspondence with each other. The experimental results of middle‐point deflection and end bending angle were in good agreement with those from theoretical calculations and the errors of middle‐point deflection were below 2%. It was proposed that axial displacement instead of the middle‐point deflection or the bending angle should be used to predict bending fracture rate of straight dry rice vermicelli in different lengths as a new standard method.Practical ApplicationsBending fracture is an important indication to the ingredient components and processing quality of dry rice vermicelli. However, the actual determination by hand operation leaks scientificity on measuring the parameters, and the evaluation system should be more integrated and theoretical. Therefore, it is needed to theoretically demonstrate the deformation behavior of dry rice vermicelli in the process of bending fracture and to establish an instrumental method and the evaluation system to predict the bending fracture rate. The work demonstrates the deformation behavior by the large‐deflection theory of compressive rod postbuckling, clarifies the relationships between the three deformation parameters and develops a new method by measuring the axial displacement to predict the bending fracture rate. This method can be used in the quality control and quality detection stages. This study also contributes to develop a foundation of theory and method for predicting the bending resistance of slender straight food.
Texture of Sliced Cucumbers Measured by Subjective Human‐Bite and Objective Instrumental Tests
Authors: Kohyama Kaoru , Kato‐Nagata Ai , Shimada Hiromi , Kazami Yukari , Hayakawa Fumiyo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTo determine an effective method to evaluate the texture of cucumbers, human‐bite measurement using a multiple‐point sheet sensor and instrumental tests using wedge probes with various angles and a cylindrical probe were conducted. To detect small differences in texture, cross‐sectional slices taken from the middle part of a cucumber fruit were served at 4 or 22C. The 60°‐wedge probe that could completely divide samples like human incisors performed best compared with sharper wedges or cylindrical probe that partly broke the tissue. The human‐bite force for cucumber slices of 4C was significantly lower than that of 22C. Breaking force and energy with the wedges of 60 and 30° in the compression test and those for flesh puncture test demonstrated a similar temperature effect. A faster compression speed close to the human‐bite speed (20 mm/s) was necessary to detect the significant temperature effects.Practical ApplicationsThe texture of cucumber was analyzed more precisely using a wedge probe with an angle of 60° inserted into sectional slices of the samples similar to the action of human front teeth that completely cut off the section. A cylindrical probe could insert only part of the cucumber tissues and a blade or a sharper wedge probe partially broke the slices to the depth which the probe reached. Faster test speed (>10 mm/s) close to the average speed of human bite is preferred to detect temperature effects on fracture force. If there are some differences in breaking properties of cucumbers, the proposed conditions of compression test with a 60° wedge at 20 mm/s will detect delicate differences as those due to serving temperature were small.
Improved calibration of a rainfall‐pollutant‐runoff model using turbidity and electrical conductivity as surrogate parameters for total nitrogen
Authors: Kim Jinyoung , Furumai Hiroaki 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTo address data scarcity for calibration of rainfall‐pollutant‐runoff (RPR) models, we evaluated the suitability of nutrient levels estimated based on surrogate parameters as a novel source of data, using runoff of total nitrogen (TN) in the Tegiru basin as a case study. A linear regression equation was developed for estimating TN based on turbidity and electrical conductivity; this expression was then used to generate TN data (n = 113) for calibration of a catchment‐specific RPR model. Using solely the estimated TN concentrations for calibration, the model accurately predicted TN concentrations (21% error based on measured TN, n = 13) and revealed runoff trends during periods in which TN measurements were lacking. Finally, we utilised this model to show that TN runoff was highest during months with frequent and high intensity rainfall. In summary, this study demonstrates the applicability of surrogate parameters to extend data on difficult‐to‐monitor nutrient loads for model calibration.
Serum Levels of 25‐Hydroxy‐Vitamin D3 Among Sun‐protected Outdoor Workers in Israel
Authors: Azizi Esther , Pavlotsky Felix , Kudish Avraham , Flint Pazit , Solomon Arie , Lerman Yehuda , Oberman Bernice , Sadetzki Siegal 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of reduced sun exposure of outdoor workers on vitamin D status using different modalities of sun protection, for primary prevention of skin cancer. 25‐OH‐D3 measurements were performed in two successive winters, 8 (interim) and 20 months after initiation of the study, in three groups of male outdoor workers, enrolled in either a complete, partial or minimal sun protection program. Ambient solar UVB radiation was monitored simultaneously. No intragroup or intergroup differences were observed between the interim‐ and postintervention measurements of mean 25‐OH‐D3, which were close to 30 ng mL−1. Significant risk factors for postintervention 25‐OH‐D3 levels >33.8 ng mL−1 (a surrogate for reduced sun protection) were: previous sunburn episodes (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.01–6.3; P = 0.05) and younger age (OR 0.92; 95 CI 0.86–0.98; P = 0.009). Outdoor workers of Western, compared with those of Eastern paternal origin had a borderline significant risk (OR 2.4; 95% CI 0.9–6.3; P = 0.07). A borderline significant effect (OR 2.9; 95% CI 0.97–10.1; P = 0.085) was also noted for those in the minimal intervention group. In conclusion, sun protection among outdoor workers following a successful intervention did not suppress mean winter 25‐OH‐D3.
Amino‐Terminal Pro‐B‐Type Natriuretic Peptide for Risk Prediction in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Scrutinio Domenico , Guida Pietro , Passantino Andrea , Lagioia Rocco , Pepe Silvana , Catanzaro Raffaella , Santoro Daniela 
Published: July 2012

©2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.Amino‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) has been associated with prognosis in heart failure. The aim of this study was to assess whether NT‐proBNP enhances risk prediction in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). The authors enrolled 453 patients hospitalized for ADHF. The primary outcome was 12‐month mortality. Two separate multivariable predictive models were built by using standard variables–only and NT‐proBNP concentrations. The models were internally validated using the bootstrapping method. Twelve‐month mortality was 28.3%. There was no statistical evidence of overfit. Compared with the standard variables–only model, the NT‐proBNP model had a better predictive performance as judged by the Nagelkerke R2 (0.410 vs 0.374) and the Brier score (0.136 vs 0.141), which are measures of overall performance; the Akaike Information Criterion (399.2 vs 415.0), which is a tool for model selection; and the C index (0.844 vs 0.831), which is a measure of the discriminative ability. Both models were well calibrated, as judged by the Hosmer‐Lemeshow chi‐square test. Both models predicted 12‐month mortality significantly better than the Enhanced Feedback for Effective Cardiology Treatment risk score. In conclusion, the NT‐proBNP model improved risk prediction compared with the standard variables–only model.
Mental disorders diagnosed in childhood and at‐risk mental state in a help‐seeking population
Authors: Comparelli Anna , Pucci Daniela , Savoja Valeria , Kotzalidis Giorgio D. , Falcone Ilaria , Angelone Massimiliano , Comazzetto Claudia , Emili Emanuele , Rigucci Silvia , Tatarelli Roberto , Girardi Paolo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimDisorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence (DUFD‐ICA) may have preceded the onset of psychosis by several years and share some co‐morbidity with psychotic disorders, but only a few studies have investigated this aspect. We looked for past or current DUFD‐ICA in a sample of first adult psychiatric service users assessed for the presence of an at‐risk mental state with the Structured Interview for Psychosis‐risk Syndromes (SIPS).MethodsWe interviewed with the SIPS 159 first‐time help seekers (age range 13–30 years) at adult psychiatric services who volunteered to participate in the study. For psychiatric diagnoses, we used the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition‐Text Revision. We also assessed retrospectively the presence of DUFD‐ICA and administered the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning. The sample has been subdivided diagnostically into first‐episode psychosis, multiple episode psychosis, ultra‐high risk (UHR) and other diagnoses.ResultsThe risk for having one of first‐episode psychosis, multiple episode psychosis or UHR was over 3.45 higher in the DUFD‐ICA‐positive history group than in the non‐DUFD‐ICA. Grouping the UHR with the not full‐blown psychosis cases resulted in a further increase of the risk to 4.71. DUFD‐ICA‐positive participants scored higher than non‐DUFD‐ICA on the Positive, Negative and Disorganization scales of the SIPS and on several core‐psychotic BPRS items.ConclusionsA positive history of DUFD‐ICA increases the risk of a diagnosis of prodromal or current psychosis at help seeking. Impaired neurodevelopment may be shared among the psychoses and DUFD‐ICA.
Amniotic band syndrome associated with orofacial clefts: a report of two cases
Authors: Adeosun O.O. , James O. , Akinmoladun V.I. , Owobu T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article presents two cases of amniotic band syndrome associated with orofacial deformities. There was an uncommon presentation in one of them as Tessier nos. 5, 7 and 30 with irregularly distributed amniotic facial band. The surgical repair of the facial clefts and difficulties in overall management in our environment are further discussed.
Uranium Metallogenic Regionalization and Resource Potential in China
Authors: Ziying LI , Jindai ZHANG , Xiaofei JIAN , Yuqi CAI , Qingyin GUO , Pengfei ZHU 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:This paper is comprehensively involved in main types of uranium deposits and their general metallogenic characteristics, metallogenic fields, provinces, regions and belts, and uranium resources potential evaluation. Generally speaking, there are favorable conditions and good uranium resources potential for uranium mineralization in China.
The Genesis Mechanism of the Mantle Fluid Action and Evolution in the Ore‐Forming Process: A Case Study of the Laowangzhai Gold Deposit in Yunnan, China
Authors: Xianfan LIU , Chunhui LI , Qiuxia LU , Biping DENG , Xiangfeng SONG , Fufeng ZHAO , Yating CHU , Jixiong XIAO , Liwen YI , Yupeng HUANG 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:Based on petrological studies of the wall rocks, mineralizing rocks, ores and veins from the Laowangzhai gold deposit, it is discovered that along with the development of silication, carbonation and sulfidation, a kind of black opaque ultra‐microlite material runs through the spaces between grains, fissures and cleavages. Under observations of the electron microprobe, scanning electronic microscopy and energy spectrum, this kind of ultra‐microlite material is confirmed to consist of ultra microcrystalline quartz, silicate, sulfides and carbonates, as well as rutile, scheelite and specularite (magnetite), showing characters of liquation by the analyses of SEM and energy spectrum. The coexistence of immiscibility and precipitating co‐crystallization strongly suggests that the mineralizing fluid changed from the melt to the hydrothermal fluid. Combined with the element geochemical researches, it is realized that the ultra‐microlite aggregate is the direct relics of the mantle fluid behaving like a melt and supercritical fluid, which goes along with the mantle‐derived magma and will escape from the magma body at a proper time. During the alteration process, the nature of the mantle fluid changed and it is mixed with the crustal fluid, which are favorable for mineralization in the Loawangzhai gold deposit.
Emplacement Ages and Petrogenesis of the Molybdenum–bearing Granites in the Jinduicheng Area of East Qinling, China: Constraints from Zircon U–Pb Ages and Hf Isotopes
Authors: Hongying LI , Xiaoxia WANG , Huishou YE , Lei YANG 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:The Mesozoic porphyry assemblage in the Jinduicheng area is a special molybdenum area in China, the Mo deposits, including the Jinduicheng, Balipo, Shijiawan, Huanglongpu, are distributed. The emplacement age and geochemical features of the granites in the Jinduicheng area can provide essential information for the exploration and development of the porphyry molybdenum deposit. In this study, we report LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb age and zircon Hf isotopic compositions of granite porphyries from the Jinduicheng area, and provide insights on the petrogensis and source characteristics of the granites. The results show that the zircon U–Pb ages of the Jinduicheng granite porphyry (143±1 Ma) and the Balipo granite (154±1 Ma), agree well with the Re–Os ages of molybdenite in the Jinduicheng molybdenum polymetallic deposit (139±3 Ma) and the Balipo molybdenum polymetallic deposit (156±2 Ma), indicating that the emplacement of granite porphyries occurred between Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Zircons granite from the Jinduicheng area give the εHf(t) values mainly ranging from –10 to –16, and –20 to –24, respectively, corresponding to two–stage model ages (tDM2: mainly focused on 1.86–2.0 Ga, and 2.2–2.6 Ga, respectively) of zircons of the granite from the Jinduicheng values. The ore–forming materials are mainly derived from crust, with minor mantle substances. Zircons of the granite from the Balipo area give εHf(t) values ranging from –18 to –20, –28 to –38, and –42 to –44, respectively, corresponding to two–stage model ages (tDM2: mainly focused on 1.88–3.0 Ga, and 3.2–3.90 Ga, respectively), the εHf(t) values of the Jinduicheng porphyry more than that of the Balipo porphyry, and two–stage model ages (tDM2) less than that of the Balipo porphyry, shows that he source of the porphyries originated from ancient lower crustal materials in the Jinduicheng area, and mixed younger components, more younger components contributed for the source of the Jinduicheng porphyry.
The Grade‐Tonnage Model for China's Molybdenum Deposits
Authors: Zhong WANG , Keyan XIAO , Chuanzhong SONG 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:The authors have studied the statistical characteristics of China's molybdenum deposits to establish the grade‐tonnage model based on the data updated to the end of 2010. The results showed that each type of China's molybdenum deposits complied with Lasky's law approximately and the characteristics of grade‐tonnage model obey the lognormal distribution. However, there are poor correlations between grade and tonnage respectively. Ultimately, we aimed to fit the grade‐tonnage model through the known distribution function, draw the cumulative probability curves, and evaluated undiscovered mineral resources of China's molybdenum deposits by means of Monte Carlo simulation integrated in MRAS.
Geological Characteristics and Zircon U‐Pb Dating of Volcanic Rocks from the Beizhan Iron Deposit in Western Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, NW China
Authors: Zuoheng ZHANG , Wei HONG , Zongsheng JIANG , Shigang DUAN , Lingang XU , Fengming LI , Xincheng GUO , Zhengang ZHAO 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:The Beizhan large iron deposit located in the east part of the Awulale metallogenic belt in the western Tianshan Mountains is hosted in the Unit 2 of the Dahalajunshan Formation as lens, veinlets and stratoid, and both of the hanging wall and footwall are quartz‐monzonite; the dip is to the north with thick and high‐grade ore bodies downwards. Ore minerals are mainly magnetite with minor sulfides, such as pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. Skarnization is widespread around the ore bodies, and garnet, diopside, wollastonite, actinolite, epidote, uralite, tourmaline sericite and calcite are ubiquitous as gangues. Radiating outwards from the center of the ore body the deposit can be classified into skarn, calcite, serpentinite and marble zones. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb dating of the rhyolite and dacite from the Dahalajunshan Formation indicates that they were formed at 301.3±0.8 Ma and 303.7±0.9 Ma, respectively, which might have been related to the continental arc magmatism during the late stage of subduction in the western Tianshan Mountains. Iron formation is genetically related with volcanic eruption during this interval. The Dahalajunshan Formation and the quartz‐monzonite intrusion jointly control the distribution of ore bodies. Both ore textures and wall rock alteration indicate that the Beizhan iron deposit is probably skarn type.
Sequence Stratigraphy of the Jurassic Coal Measures in Northwestern China
Authors: Tong WANG , Longyi SHAO , Ye TIAN , Jing LU , Wenlong WANG 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:The sequence stratigraphy of the Jurassic coal measures of northwestern China has been studied based on data from outcrop and borehole sections. Because of the geological background and the diversity of basin types, such as isochronisms of coal seams and recognition of key sequence boundaries, it is rare to summarize and correlate sequence structure and framework. The types and recognition characteristics of the sequence boundaries of the Jurassic coal measures are revealed by comparing climatic characteristics, structural styles and the base level cycle. A total of five third‐order sequences and 15 systems tracts have been subdivided and the sequence stratigraphic framework has been reconstructed confirming that the thick coals accumulated in the late stage of transgression system tracts of sequence I (SQ I) and sequence III (SQ III). This idea is of important academic significance for instructing coal resources exploration, and enhancing geological effects of prospecting engineering. It is also of practical significance for guaranteeing construction of the large‐scale coal production base in northwestern China, accelerating the westward development of the coal industry stratagem.