bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preserving agricultural and forest land: a TDR approach
Authors: Mundy Bill , Lane Theodore 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the demand and supply relationship between urban and non‐urban land, the latter's diminishing supply, arguments for and against its preservation, methods in which preservation might be achieved and one method in particular, with which the authors have considerable experience, that involves the purchase of development rights and density credits.Design/methodology/approachThe research design involved meetings with farmers, city and county officials and members of several land conservation organizations, bringing together several hundred agricultural and residential real estate transactions, quantitative analysis of the transaction data using descriptive and hedonic methods, developing property attribute values and thereby determining the value of agricultural development rights and urban density credits.FindingsAgricultural development rights were valued, on average, at $9,000 per acre. Commercial development rights were valued, on average, at $9.00 per square foot of floor area (FAR).Practical implicationsBy acquiring agricultural development rights the process of agricultural land being converted to urban purposes can be slowed or halted. Valuing and selling development rights is a straightforward means of permitting urban density that is understood by developers and easily, objectively and transparently quantified. It is also a good method of raising funds for the acquisition of agricultural development rights.Originality/valueThe valuation process developed and employed does away with the need for individual appraisals of rights to be acquired and sold. Therefore this is a very efficient process. Also, it shows how farmers, preservationists and planners can be brought together to solve a common problem.
European valuation practices: how to compare valuations across borders? Initial findings
Authors: Hordijk Aart , Nelisse Paul , Koerhuis‐Gritter Leonie 
Published: August 2011

PurposeReal estate investors invest more and more cross‐border, but the valuation practices in the different countries are not similar. For investors it is good to know the difference in valuations between the countries, therefore this paper aims to investigate the valuation practices in eight different countries (France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Spain and the UK).Design/methodology/approachTo gather the information a questionnaire was sent out. The questionnaire included questions not only about facts, but also about the respondents' opinion about the reliability of the information.FindingsIt was found that in the different countries market value is not always the basis and that a wide variation of surface measurements is currently applied. Regular lease periods and the responsibility for operating cost vary from country to country. Also the sources for market evidence and their reliability differ per country. So it can be seen that, although market values can be compared across countries, valuation methodologies are country‐specific.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors are still in the process of retrieving information and quality control, and the intention is to expand the research to all European Union countries, and finally all European countries. Therefore this paper only shows initial findings.Originality/valueThe existing research about international valuation practices is not very recent, and, because the authors not only assembled facts and processes, but also collected the respondents' opinions about the reliability of the information, the research is very valuable.
Professional standards: RICS Valuer Registration Scheme
Authors: French Nick 
Published: August 2011

PurposeIn the last ten years, there has been much debate about the need for the licensing and regulation of property valuers in Europe. The European Union has “hinted” at the need for a pan‐European licensing scheme in keeping with the model of licensing in the USA. This paper seeks to discuss the option of regulation available and the role of the RICS in introducing a comprehensive self‐regulatory process.Design/methodology/approachThis paper looks at the evolution of the “RICS Valuers Registration Scheme” and the potential impact it will have on raising the standards of valuations not just in the UK but worldwide.FindingsThe RICS Standards require the valuer to undertake valuations in an appropriate and professional manner. The potential impact of the “RICS Valuers Registration Scheme” is that it will educate the profession and thus increase overall standards. Although the system does have sanctions, if required, the intent is not to penalise but to encourage and promote good practice.Originality/valueThis paper is a review of the “RICS Valuers Registration Scheme”. It outlines the history of the development of the scheme and the potential impact that it will have on the quality of valuations worldwide.
Changing the rules of the game
Authors: Agness Lindsey 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to explore how neuro‐linguistic programming (NLP) can help organizations achieve dramatic culture shifts in a short space of time.Design/methodology/approachBased on the author's 17 years of experience in helping organizations change, the paper puts forward a theory that it is the unconscious rules within an organization's culture that prevent change strategies from succeeding. The paper proposes strategies based on NLP for more effective change, supported by case studies demonstrating how the theory can be applied.FindingsNLP‐based strategies help to uncover the unconscious rules and break them down to identifiable pieces on which to base strategies that will lead to real change.Originality/valueThe author shares a strategy and practical model for culture change that have been developed after many years of working with clients to deliver sustainable culture change initiatives that result in long‐term change.
Onsite handover of clinical care: implementing modified CHAPS
Authors: Basu Abhijit , Arora Rohit , Fernandes Nancy 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe paper's aim is to determine the quality of transfer of information in relation to NHSLA criterion “on site handover of patient care” between doctors on delivery suite of a UK teaching hospital.Design/methodology/approachA pilot project, supplemental to the existing system, was trialled on delivery suite to assess the usefulness of a locally modified, standardised instrument (CHAPS) tested previously among midwives at a UK hospital. This was a retrospective audit of the hard copies of the forms available over a period of six weeks.FindingsA total of 69 (82 per cent) forms were available for analysis. Obstetric registrar did the handover in 45(65 per cent) while no information was available in 32 per cent. Satisfactory assessment of clinical picture and history was possible in 96 per cent and 90 per cent cases respectively. Patient assessment was deemed satisfactory in 90 per cent cases. Management plan was satisfactory in 88 per cent. Documentation regarding date and time of handover was present in 84 per cent and 77 per cent cases respectively. Signature of the personnel handing and taking over were identifiable in 64 per cent and 55 per cent cases respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThis pilot study was done in one clinical area at a single hospital over a short period. Wider use in other clinical areas treating different conditions is required to demonstrate global applicability.Practical implicationsThis small study demonstrates good quality of transfer of information regarding patient care with the modified CHAPS instrument for handover between doctors on a delivery suite. It also raises the issues regarding poor documentation.Originality/valueThis is the only study of its kind hence comparisons could not be made. However it highlights the multiple issues regarding the complexities of handover of patient care between medical personnel.
Safety as a hospital organizational priority: a case study
Authors: Alhatmi Yasmeen 
Published: August 2011

PurposeGlobally, safety in healthcare services has become an important focus. The Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), located in the Sultanate of Oman in the Arabian Gulf, has begun to take active steps in delivering safer healthcare services while moving towards healthcare excellence. The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of prioritizing hospital‐wide safety and discuss how it has become essentially linked to the multi‐faceted dimension of quality through acceptability, efficiency accessibility and continuity in SQUH.Design/methodology/approachIn an effort to shift all cultural elements of SQUH staff, system and activities towards addressing the goal of safety, SQUH has brought on a safety culture by holistic and systemic approach to quality improvement. Illustrated herein is the journey of how the hospital is addressing and measuring the goal of safety as an organizational priority through values, beliefs, goals, policies and operations.FindingsThe progressive steps that SQUH initiated since 2008 which measure, assess and ultimately change the perception of safety in the hospital are described. Specific recommendations include addressing safety culture elements of communicated values and objectives and measuring them, raising the awareness and training barriers, adopting safety goals specific to hospital environment, and centralizing a monitoring system to track input, progress and closure of safety mechanisms and activities.Originality/valueThe paper presents a model for improving safety in healthcare services through the initiatives of a university hospital, implementing a measureable phase approach over a two‐year period for addressing the goal of safety.
Is the NHS, as an employer, overburdened with regulations relating to its obligations to employees?
Authors: George Manoj , Joseph Renju 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to the existing regulations relating to the obligations of the NHS to its employees and to discuss whether the NHS is overburdened with these regulations.Design/methodology/approachProvides an overview of the current employment regulations and their impact on the NHS. The authors conducted a literature search in August 2009 on EMBASE, HMIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, HEALTH BUSINESS ELITE (1995‐2009) using the terms “NHS employee”, “NHS employer”, “Employment laws”. The reference sections of retrieved papers were hand‐searched for further relevant references.FindingsThe NHS seems to differ from other employers in several aspects. It has always remained high in political agenda, and has had to face high public expectations. The NHS has a huge workforce from a variety of disciplines regulated by different external agencies. There are several areas where it seems that the NHS is struggling with the obligations to its employees. The law regarding the employment contract, redundancy and termination of contract puts the NHS management, as revealed in many case laws, in several legal dilemmas. The working time directives, time off work provisions and the rapidly changing health and safety obligations do not give flexibility and thus create practical problems to the human resources department. The ever‐growing financial obligations seem to be challenging even the very existence of the NHS.Originality/valueThe value of this paper is in drawing attention to the fact that existing employment law is complex and consists of several complicated statutes. The NHS is also going through a period of rapid changes, in trying to set and meet stringent and unrealistic national targets and thereby putting enormous pressure on its management and workforce. The NHS is therefore struggling in several areas with the obligations to its employees.
Challenge of introducing evidence based medicine into clinical practice
Authors: Ogundele Michael 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThis article aims to review the available literature on how clinicians meet the daily challenge of translating medical information into clinical EBM. It also seeks to describe the procedures involved in a local initiative in the UK to develop software applications for implementation of national clinical guidelines to enhance EBM in routine clinical practice.Design/methodology/approachIt was hypothesised that improved access to these guidelines in routine clinical practice could be achieved through integrated local procedures, thereby enhancing the quality of care provided to children and adolescents with asthma or UTI. A literature search was performed using databases. To explore the preferences of the doctors and other healthcare professionals on how they accessed clinical guidelines, feedback was obtained. Stepwise implementation of the clinical guidelines was instituted over a period of three years in different primary care and hospital settings.FindingsThe professionals actively engaged with all the different stages in the implementation of the clinical guidelines. The majority preferred the interactive computerized system based on its ease of use, better aesthetic features, familiarity with the software and limited dependence on the technical skills of the users.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this study include lack of systematic data to assess the clinical effectiveness of the guidelines' implementation. Another apparent limitation of the study is the small size of participants within the paediatric unit of each organisation where the study was conducted.Practical implicationsThere is a need for further comparative studies between the local intervention strategies described in this study and other implementation strategies, to identify the most effective implementation methods for electronic guideline‐based systems.Social implicationsReliable high quality guidelines from reputable professional bodies could be successfully implemented at the primary or hospital‐based levels through a series of coordinated multidisciplinary interactive processes. This study has positive implications for improving the quality of care provided to children and adolescents, enhancing the role of clinical governance, provision of useful information to patients/carers and other healthcare providers.Originality/valueThis study highlights a potentially effective way of implementing and integrating an electronic guideline‐based computer system into local practice.
A voluntary safe table to help competitive organizations collaborate on improving quality
Authors: Marcus‐Smith Miriam 
Published: August 2011

PurposeFour Washington State associations came together to form a novel organization in response to rising healthcare sector costs, coupled with the need to ensure efficient provision of high quality care that improves health outcomes. This article seeks to explain the work and progress of that organization.Design/methodology/approachThe article takes the form of a historical narrative.FindingsThe initiative has evolved from reliance on grants to becoming self‐funding, expanded the scope of its activities, and satisfied the needs of the stakeholders.Practical implicationsThis organizational model is more efficient than going it alone on every effort, and may be a desirable solution for other communities.Originality/valueThis is the first published description of a unique, non‐profit organization founded in 1998, which can serve as a model for other regions that wish to promote collaborative benchmarking among competitive independent health care providers.
The structural fragility of financial systems
Authors: Gramlich Dieter , Oet Mikhail V. 
Published: August 2011

PurposeLessons from the most recent financial crisis show specific vulnerabilities of financial markets due to weaknesses in the structure of the financial system (structural fragility). As the literature points out, the impact of systemic risk can be closely related to issues of concentration (“too big to fail”) and dependency (“too connected to fail”). However, different structural variables are emphasized in various ways, and most authors analyze each variable separately. This raises the questions of how structural fragility, as a cause of systemic distress, can be assessed more comprehensively and consistently, and what the implications are for modeling it within an integrated systemic risk framework. This paper seeks to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of theoretical considerations and in the light of current transformations in financial markets, this paper explores elements of structural fragility and the requirements for modeling them.FindingsThe paper suggests an extended approach for conceptualizing structural fragility, evaluates directions for quantifying structural issues in early warning systems (EWSs) for systemic crises, and lays a theoretical groundwork for further empirical studies.Originality/valueThe need for supervisory actions to prevent crises is urgent, as is the need for integrating structural aspects into EWSs for systemic financial crises. Since a significant aspect of a financial firm's risk comes from outside the firm, individual institutions should understand and monitor the structural aspects of the various risk networks they are in.
Bet doubling in gambling and investing
Authors: Chapman Zaneta , Getzen Thomas 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze strategies for gamblers/investors to increase their chances of reaching certain monetary and/or survival goals while facing a losing proposition.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates the use of credit by gamblers/investors as a means of increasing their expected survival time and thus their likelihood of winning. The paper considers a strategy in which a gambler/investor engages in bet doubling and uses credit to maximize the probability of winning a specified amount.FindingsThe model presented in this paper identifies the amount of credit that will make it possible for a gambler/investor to become a winner with an arbitrarily high degree of probability, even while facing a losing proposition. However, bet doubling can lead to large losses, and negative profits can be expected if the gambler/investor is faced with unfavorable odds. As an extension, the paper considers the impact of limited liability and finds that in that case, total losses are restricted and the gambler/investor can expect a positive net gain even while facing a losing proposition. It is also shown that the cost of obtaining credit is an important consideration and that it is ill‐advised for a gambler/investor to engage in such a strategy when the cost of credit is high relative to the probability of winning.Originality/valueAlthough bet doubling is not new to the gambling literature, this paper considers the use of credit as a means of increasing survival time and expected net gain. Applications of the model are particularly useful to gamblers/investors when credit can be obtained at low costs.
A conditional CAPM: implications for systematic risk estimation
Authors: Milionis Alexandros 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine, whether or not, the residuals of the market model (MM) are conditionally heteroscedastic; to examine, whether or not, there exists an intervalling effect in conditional heteroscedasticity in the residuals of the MM; to propose a simple data‐driven conditional capital asset pricing model (CAPM); and to examine the effect of conditional heteroscedasticity on the estimation of systematic risk.Design/methodology/approachSystematic risk coefficients (betas) are estimated at first using data of various frequencies from the Athens stock exchange without taking into account conditional heteroscedasticity. The same procedure is repeated, but this time taking into consideration conditional heteroscedasticity, which is found to exist. The results of the two approaches are compared.FindingsEmpirical evidence is provided for the existence of: conditional heteroscedasticity in MM residuals; a pronounced intervalling effect on autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) in MM residuals; and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity in mean type of conditional heteroscedasticity for the majority of cases where ARCH was present in MM residuals. These findings are conducive to a conditional CAPM, which takes into account the effect of conditional variance on expected returns, rather than the standard CAPM.Practical implicationsBetter estimates of financial risk.Originality/valueThe intervalling effect in ARCH in the residuals of the MM is examined for the first time.
Hybrid forecasting models for S&P 500 index returns
Authors: Fukushima Akihiro 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose two hybrid forecasting models which integrate available ones. A hybrid contaminated normal distribution (CND) model accurately reflects the non‐normal features of monthly S&P 500 index returns, and a hybrid GARCH model captures a serial correlation with respect to volatility. The hybrid GARCH model potentially enables financial institutions to evaluate long‐term investment risks in the S&P 500 index more accurately than current models.Design/methodology/approachThe probability distribution of an expected investment outcome is generated with a Monte Carlo simulation. A taller peak and fatter tails (kurtosis), which the probability distribution of monthly S&P 500 index returns contains, is produced by integrating a CND model and a bootstrapping model. The serial correlation of volatilities is simulated by applying a GARCH model.FindingsThe hybrid CND model can simulate the non‐normality of monthly S&P 500 index returns, while avoiding the influence of discrete observations. The hybrid GARCH model, by contrast, can simulate the serial correlation of S&P 500 index volatilities, while generating fatter tails. Long‐term investment risks in the S&P 500 index are affected by the serial correlation of volatilities, not the non‐normality of returns.Research limitations/implicationsThe hybrid models are applied only to the S&P 500 index. Cross‐sectional correlations among different asset groups are not examined.Originality/valueThe proposed hybrid models are unique because they combine available ones with a decision tree algorithm. In addition, the paper clearly explains the strengths and weaknesses of existing forecasting models.
From destination image building to identity‐based branding
Authors: Saraniemi Saila 
Published: August 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of the various activities and processes undertaken by a particular national tourism organization (NTO) in carrying out its goal of developing a destination brand.Design/methodology/approachA single qualitative case study is primarily employed, though the study draws on data from multiple sources of information.FindingsThe study affirms the co‐creation and stakeholder viewpoints from having modeled the branding process and outlining the complex interaction of destination‐branding activities in the country‐level context. The study provides a critical discussion of the different approaches to branding, and the adoption of branding philosophies, in the destination context.Research limitations/implicationsThough this paper is based on a single country case study, it provides a strong and empirically grounded framework for identifying, in‐depth, several key destination branding processes and activities in great detail.Originality/valueThe co‐creation view of brands and branding is a neglected area in destination‐branding literature. Destination‐branding research, in particular, lacks grounded models that profoundly describe branding activities. This study contributes to the lack of empirically grounded knowledge of destination branding.