bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation betweenTrichinella spiralisandT. pseudospiralisinfective larvae by a monoclonal antibody
Authors: Rodriguez-Perez J. , Gomez-Garcia V. , Rodriguez-Osorio M. , Rojas-Gonzalez J. , Gomez-Morales M. A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTCrude saline extracts ofTrichinella spiralisandT. pseudospiralisinfective larvae were studied by Western blot analysis using a monoclonal antibody, named ES/TA2 and produced againstT. spiralislarvae. This monoclonal antibody recognized seven major antigenic components inT. spiralislarvae with apparent Mr: 45, 48, 50, 68, 70, 92 and 105 kDa and five inT. pseudospiralislarvae: 38, 50, 70, 72 and 92 kDa. SDS-PAGE of both extracts did not reveal appreciable differences in the range of molecular weights recognized by ES/TA2. These facts show the existence of immunological differences among proteins with apparently identical molecular weights.
Immunological regulation of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infections in rats: modulation of population density and enhanced parasite growth following one or two superimposed infections
Authors: Yong W. K. , Dobson Colin 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTRats acquired a degree of protective immunity to reinfection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis after a single infection with 50 infective larvae. Infected rats resisted the establishment of most challenging larvae and protective immunity increased with subsequent reinfections. Part of the primary infection was lost after a superimposed second and also following a superimposed third infection, but the total size of the concurrent adult worm populations remained the same as that from a primary infection. Worms surviving from the primary infection showed enhanced growth after each reinfection but their fecundity was impaired.
Ascaridoid nematodes of amphibians and reptiles: Typhlophorus, Hartwichia and Trispiculascaris
Authors: Sprent J. F. A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTFour little-known ascaridoid species occurring in crocodilians are discussed. Typhlophorus lamellaris Linstow, 1906 and Hartwichia rousseloti Chabaud& Bain, 1966 are considered to be closely related to Heterocheilus tunicatus Diesing, 1839; Porrocaecum assymmetricum Ortlepp, 1932 is transferred to Trispiculascaris together with T. trispiculascaris Skrjabin, 1916. These three genera are placed in the subfamily Heterocheilinae sensu Sprent (1980) on account of the structure of the oesophago-intestinal junction, the labial pulp and, where known, the male tail. A key to eight genera of Heterocheilinae in crocodilians is provided.
Ascaridoid nematodes of amphibians and reptiles: Freitasascaris n.g.
Authors: Sprent J. F. A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA new genus is proposed for Orneoascaris [ = Amplicaecum] alata (Baylis, 1947) Le Van Hoa, 1960. The new genus is defined and differentiated from Orneoascaris by the posterior position of the vulva and by the wide cervical alae. It is differentiated from Ophidascaris by fewer postcloacal papillae and spicules less than half the length of the ejaculatory duct. From both genera alata differs in the unique form of the lips and in the more extensive U-shaped enlargement of the nucleus of the dorsal oesophageal gland. It is suggested that this species is a specialized form, possibly of neotropical origin.
Chromosomes of Onchocerca volvulus (Spirurida:Onchocercidae): A comparative study between Nigeria and Guatemala
Authors: Hirai H. , Tada I. , Takahashi H. , Nwoke B. E. B. , Ufomadu G. O. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTChromosomes of Nigerian Onchocerca volvulus were compared with those of Guatemalan O. volvulus. Both parasites had basically the same chromosomal construct (2n=8, XY type). Autosomes consisted of a pair of large and two smaller pairs. Sex chromosomes were made up of medium sized X chromosome and very small Y chromosome. It was not possible to infer the position of the centromeres.
The neural commissural rings of the adult maleSchistosoma mansoni
Authors: Withyachumnarnkul B. , Pongsa-Asawapaiboon A. , Sobhon P. , Upatham E. S. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAdult males ofSchistosoma mansoniwere preincubated in 5-hydroxtryptamine (5HT) and processed through the glyoxylic acid fluorescence technique to visualize 5HT-containing neural elements. 5HT flourescence was seen as a series of cross-sectional rings beginning behind the ventral sucker toward the tail end. The rings were connected by two lateral nerve cords running longitudinally along the whole lenght of the worms.
Transmission of urinary schistosomiasis in Sukumaland, Tanzania. 1. Snail infection rates and incidence of infection in school children
Authors: Lwambo N. J. S. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTSeasonal density fluctuations of Bulinus nasutus populations with accompanying Schistosoma haematobium infection rates in relation to rainfall and habitat water volumes were studied at Ukiriguru, Mwanza, Tanzania. Alongside the snail investigations, 50 school children initially negative for urinary schistosomiasis were examined regularly to determine seasonal incidence rates for the infection. Of the 17 646 B. nasutus collected in 2 years, 156 (0.88%) were found shedding cercariae. Snail populations fluctuated seasonally as influenced by rainfall through its effects on habitat water volume. Monthly snail infection rates ranged from 0.09% to 3.19% and were highest in February and March, at the time of the short dry period. Monthly incidence of S. haematobium in school children ranged between 2.6% and 12.5%, being highest in April and May. There was a significant linear association between monthly snail infection rates and S. haematobium incidence rates in school children ( in 1983/84) suggesting that the maximum transmission period for urinary schistosomiasis in the area occurs during the short dry period, sometime in February/March so that most of the infections in the community would be detected in April/May.
First report of Galactosomum ussuriense Oshmarin, 1963 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the shore birds of Visakhapatnam, India
Authors: Mani G. G. , Madhavi R. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAdult trematodes identified as Galactosomum ussuriense Oshmarin, 1963 were recorded from the intestine of Sterna hirundo and Larus brunnicephalus from Visakhapatnam, India. The occurrence of metacercaria of this species in inshore and offshore fishes is discussed in relation to the ecology of the snail intermediate host.
The ecsoma in Hemiuridae (Digenea: Hemiuroidea): tegumental structure and function in the mesocercaria and the metacercaria of Lecithochirium furcolabiatum (Jones, 1933) Dawes, 1947
Authors: Matthews B. F. , Matthews R. A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractUltrastructural, histochemical and autoradiographical techniques have been used to investigate the development and function of the tegument of both somal and ecsomal body regions in the hemiurid Lecithochirum furcolabiatum. The terms mesocercaria and metacercaria are here adopted for those stages in the copepod second and fish third intermediate hosts respectively on the basis of morphology and on analogy with the Strigeidae. Mesocercariae were obtained by experimental infection of the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus brevicornis with the cystophorous cercariae (syn. Cercaria vaullegeardi), whilst metacercariae were removed from the body cavities of naturally-infected rockpool teleosts including Gobius paganellus and Blennius pholis. Observations on the mesocercaria show the origin of the ecsoma from the distal half of the excretory vesicle, which at 21 days post-infection is capable of eversion through the terminal pore. The nucleated microrugous surface layer of the ecsoma at this stage is modified or replaced in the metacercaria by anucleate syncytial tegument similar to that of the adult organ. The metacercarial stage is also associated with the more advanced development of the somal tegument. The two stages differ in metabolic activity, the somal tegument of only the metacercaria resembling that of the adult in acid phosphatase distribution. In the mesocercaria the ecsomal tegument showed the strongest uptake of 3H-tyrosine; absorption of the latter was not detected in the metacercaria. 3H-glucose uptake was restricted to the intestinal caeca of both stages.
Immunological analysis ofOpisthorchisandClonorchisantigens
Authors: Sirisinha S. , Sahassananda D. , Bunnag D. , Rim H. J. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTImmunoreactive components ofOpisthorchis viverriniandClonorchis sinensiswere analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Somatic extracts from these two liver flukes as well as from other related parasites, together with the metabolic products, were tested for their reactivities with sera from patients with opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis. A significant cross-reactivity in the ELISA was noted betweenOpisthorchisandClonorchis. Immunoblotting and radioimmunoprecipitation analyses showed that the 89-kD protein which was previously shown to be a predominant metabolic product ofO. viverrinireacted with sera from both groups of patients. However, an antigen with a molecular weight of 16 kD, apparently a predominant somatic component, appeared to be specific forO. viverrini.
Hymenolepis microstoma: oncospheres invade the intestinal tissue of the definitive host
Authors: Onitake Kazuo , Sasaki Junko , Andreassen Jørn , Ito Akira 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAlthough the normal intermediate hosts of Hymenolepis microstoma are insects, oncospheres invade the intestinal tissue of the definitive hosts, mice, within 30 min after oral egg inoculation.
Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the female reproductive system of Schistosoma margrebowiei Le Roux, 1933
Authors: Awad A. H. H. , Probert A. J. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTTransmission electron microscopy shows that the uterus of female Schistosoma margrebowiei possesses the same ultrastructure as that of the tegument but lacks spines and sense organs. It does not possess secretory cells and opens at the gonopore which by scanning electron microscopy was seen to be composed of numerous leaf-like protrusions. The morphology of the ovary is comparable with that of other Digenea. Immature and mature ova possess cortically arranged granules and occur within the posterior zone of the ovary. Cilia and lamellae line the luminal surface of the oviduct and ootype, the lamellae running unidirectionally along the duct. Only a single type of secretory cell is seen within Mehlis' gland and this produces dense bodies which are associated with Goldi bodies. Narrow cytoplasmic channels supported by microtubules deliver these secretory bodies to the ootype. The vitelline duct is lined with cilia and lamellae and the vitelline gland contains four types of cells, S1, S2, S3 and S4. Calcareous corpuscles are found within mature S4 cells.
Sites of encystment by the metacercariae ofEchinoparyphium recurvatuminLymnaea peregra
Authors: Adam M. E. , Lewis J. W. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTExperimental infection ofEchinoparyphium recurvatumvon Linstow (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) cercariae in the snail second intermediate hostLymnaea peregraMüller shows that metacercarial encystment takes place on the lining of the mantle cavity, pericardial cavity and kidney lumen, with the mantle cavity the most preferred site. All three sites are accessible via the body openings. The metacercariae appear to be more susceptible to encapsulation in the visceral mass than in the cavity of the mantle, pericardium and the lumen of the kidney.
Observations on the morphology of adults and larval stages of Oesophagostomum sp. isolated from man in northern Togo and Ghana
Authors: Blotkamp J. , Krepel H. P. , Kumar V. , Baeta S. , Noordende J. M. Van't , Polderman A. M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractInfection with Oesophagostomum sp. appears to be extremely common in man in northern Togo and Ghana Adult specimens were recovered from the intestinal lumen by treatment with pyrantel pamoate and the morphological characteristics of oesophagostomes of man could for the first time be compared with information available on the morphology of oesophagostomes of monkeys. The observations and measurements demonstrated that the species involved is Oesophagostomum bifurcum and that the eggs of this species cannot be differentiated from those of Necator americanus. Both infections occur simultaneously in the population involved. The L1 larvae, too, cannot be differentiated from hookworm L1 larvae. The L3 however, are characteristic. Diagnoses of human Oesophagostomum infections is based on the detection of these larvae in coprocultures. In the present paper, the eggs, the L1 and L3 larval stages and the adults, carefully described and photos are given.
The prevalence and intensity of infection with helminth parasites inMus spretusfrom the Setubal Peninsula of Portugal
Authors: Behnke J. M. , Barnard C. , Hurst J. L. , McGregor P. K. , Gilbert F. , Lewis J. W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe results of a 5 year study of helminth parasites ofMus spretus, are reported. Six nematode and 5 cestode species were identified but no helminth showed 100% prevalence inM. spretus, the most commonly encountered nematode and cestode species beingSyphacia obvelata(46·6%) andTaenia taeniaeformis(22·4%). Among the more unusual helminth species identified wasEucoleus bacillatus, a capillariid nematode inhabiting the stomach musculature. This species was identified in 3 of the 5 years of the study. The results are discussed in the broader context of previous studies and the epidemiology of rodent helminth infections in general.
Application of small doses of copper salts (basic and neutral) to Ascaridia galli-infected chicks
Authors: Gabrashanska M. , Galvez-Morros M. M. , Garcia-Martinez O. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMale Hisex chicks were used in two experiments to investigate the interaction between Ascaridia galli infection and supplemental copper from basic and neutral salts. This was assessed by means of body weights, mortality, parasite burden and liver copper level. Cu2(OH)3Cl reduced the number of parasites but CuSO4.5H2O and CuCO3.Cu(OH)2.nH2O did not affect the parasite burden.
Karyometrical analysis of Microsomacanthus spasskii and M. spiralibursata
Authors: Petkevičiūtė R. , Regel K.V. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAnalysis of Giemsa-stained mitotic metaphase plates of Microsomacanthus spasskii and M. spiralibursata (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) revealed the diploid chromosome numbers for both species to be 2n=6. The karyotypes are remarkably similar in general morphology; they both consist of three pairs of metacentric or meta-submetacentric chromosomes graded in size from 4.3 to 7.0 μm. Slight interspecific differences exist in the position of the centromere of chromosomes of the pair 3. Based on existing chromosome data the possible pathways of the karyotypic evolution within the family Hymenolepididae are discussed.
Lymnaea truncatula, intermediate host of some Plagiorchiidae and Notocotylidae species in León, NW Spain
Authors: Manga-González Y. , González-Lanza C. , Kanev I. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTo study the distribution of Lymnaea truncatula in the Porma river basin (León, NW Spain) and its helminth fauna, malacological samplings were carried out at 66 points in the basin and the presence of these molluscs was detected in 31. To trace the dynamics of this mollusc population and the prevalence and intensity of its infection by trematodes, malacological samplings were made at fortnightly intervals over two years at five locations, situated in the upper and middle regions of the river Porma basin. To confirm the identity of the larval stages found in the molluscs, second intermediate and/or definitive hosts, depending on the trematode species, were experimentally infected to complete the life cycles. Two different species of Plagiorchiidae and one of Notocotylidae were identified. The infection prevalence of Plagiorchis elegans for the 6291 specimens of L. truncatula examined was 2.8% and infection was observed in snails collected in 7 of the 31 sample localities. This parasite was found in all months of the year, with the highest prevalence observed in July and October. When the corrected frequency values were considered, a slightly positive relationship was observed between the infection prevalence and the latter months. The highest percentages of snails harbouring immature sporocysts were detected in March and June–July, while the highest percentages with sporocysts containing mature cercariae were observed in spring and at the end of summer–autumn, and cercarial shedding in the latter. Of the 6291 L. truncatula examined 0.3% were infected by sporocysts of Opisthioglyphe ranae. The infection was detected in only one locality, in four months of the year, with the highest prevalence in May. Notocotylus neyrai was found in 2.6% of the 6291 mollusc specimens checked and was collected from 12 of the 31 localities. The highest prevalence was observed in October, April and July and the corrected frequency values reveal a positive relationship between the infection prevalence and those three months. The highest percentage of molluscs harbouring rediae of N. neyrai with germinal mass was found in April and September–October. On the other hand, rediae with mature cercariae were present in almost every month, but we only observed cercarial shedding in October and March. The L. truncatula infection prevalence by P. elegans, O. ranae and N. neyrai increased with the size of the molluscs. Double infection was only observed in four snails: one harboured O. ranae and N. neyrai and three F. hepatica and P. elegans.
Prevalence and habitat specificity of steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes isolated during soil surveys of the UK and the Netherlands
Authors: Hominick W.M. , Reid A.P. , Briscoe B.R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEntomopathogenic nematodes were isolated from soil samples collected during three separate surveys, two in the United Kingdom and one in the Netherlands. The nematodes were identified by their restriction fragment length polymorphisms on hybridization of Southern blots with a ribosomal DNA repeat unit clone. A total of eight steinernematid species/RFLP types and two heterorhabditids were isolated. The distributions of the majority of these species/RFLP types were significantly different between the three surveys and some of the species displayed a close association with certain habitat types.
Analysis of migration success of Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae in the haemocoel of Simulium vittatum
Authors: Lehmann T. , Cupp M.S. , Cupp E.W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMigration success (i.e. the proportion of worms that reach the thorax) of Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae (mf) in the haemocoel of Simulium vittatum was studied by inoculating mf into the posterior abdomen, and recording their distribution in the blackfly body at predetermined time points. Mf arrive into the thorax by active locomotion rather than by drifting in haemolymph currents. Migration into the thorax was completed by 12 h post inoculation (pi) but was not continuous throughout this period. Migration proceeded in two phases; the first occurred 0–2 h pi and the second at 6–12 h pi. Overall, migration success 12–24 h pi was only 36%, indicating thata substantial number of mf failed to reach the thorax, either because they were eliminated by the fly's defensive response or because they remained in the abdomen. Migration success was density independent Mf that arrive into the thorax within 2 h pi did not differ in their migration potential from mf that remained in the abdomen at this time. In flies where more mf migrated successfully there was lower mf loss, indicating that migration success was linked to mf loss. Moreover, the proportion of mf in the thorax was not correlated with mf loss, suggesting that mf loss affected the number of mf that migrated successfully, rather than the reverse causal relationship.
Population dynamics of freshwater gastropods and epidemiology of their helminth infections with emphasis on larval paramphistomes in northern India
Authors: Mattison R.G. , Dunn T.S. , Hanna R.E.B. , Nizami W.A. , Ali Q.M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractNatural populations of the freshwater gastropods Bithynia tentaculata, Gyraulus convexiusculus, Helicorbis coenosus, Indoplanorbis exustus, Lymnaea acuminata, L. luteola and Vivipara bengalensis, were examined from October 1985 to September 1986 at seven transmission sites for paramphistomiasis, fascioliasis and other gastropod-borne infections in Aligarh, northern India. Gastropod diversity and the type and abundance of vegetation were highest at sites containing permanent water bodies. The distributions of H. coenosus and L. acuminata were positively correlated with the type and abundance of vegetation at these sites. Ephemeral water bodies contained B. tentaculata, I. exustus and L. luteola which were resistant to desiccation during the hot season. Aestivation in these gastropods preceded pronounced breeding activity which began with the onset of the monsoon season. Multivariate analysis (by principal components) was used to investigate relationships between each species of gastropod, their site of occurrence and levels of infection with larval helminths. Seasonal variations in numbers and size class structure in these gastropods were found to influence their prevalences of infection with larval helminths. Metacercarial and cysticercoid infections were more prevalent in smaller size classes of B. tentaculata and V. bengalensis, whereas larval paramphistomes were more prevalent in larger size classes of G. convexiusculus, I. exustus and L. luteola. Attempts were made to equate these findings with seasonality in egg shedding by certain species of adult paramphistomes occurring in domestic ruminants.
Experimental studies of the influence of Moniezia expansa infection on oribatid mites
Authors: Schuster R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractEleven artificial infections of oribatid mites of the genusScheloribates with Moniezia expansa eggs were made. The percentage of surviving mites in the infected groups was lower (62 to 82%) than in the uninfected control group (90%). None of oribatids with cysticercoids in their body cavity contained mite eggs. The established prevalence and average cysticercoid number in surviving mites were 50.00 to 95.12% and 1.3 to 2.8 respectively.