bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of canine tumor-infiltrating leukocyte transcriptomic signatures reveals conserved expression patterns with human osteosarcoma
Authors: Ammons Dylan T. , Harris R. Adam , Chow Lyndah , Dow Steven 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Immune cells play key roles in host responses to malignant tumors. The selective pressure that immune cells elicit on tumors promotes immune escape, while tumor-associated modulation of immune cells creates an environment favorable to tumor growth and progression. In this study we used publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from the translationally relevant canine osteosarcoma (OS) model to compare tumor-infiltrating immune cells to circulating leukocytes. Through computational analysis we investigated the differences in cell type proportions and how the OS TME impacted infiltrating immune cell transcriptomic profiles relative to circulating leukocytes. Differential abundance analysis revealed increased proportions of follicular helper T cells, regulatory T cells, and mature regulatory dendritic cells (mregDCs) in the OS TME. Differential gene expression analysis identified exhaustion markers (LAG3, HAVCR2, PDCD1) to be upregulated in CD4 and CD8 T cells within the OS TME. Comparisons of B cell gene expression profiles revealed an enrichment of protein processing and endoplasmic reticulum pathways, suggesting infiltrating B cells were activated following tumor infiltration. Gene expression changes within myeloid cells identified increased expression of immune suppressive molecules (CD274, OSM, MSR1) in the OS TME, indicating the TME skews myeloid cells toward an immunosuppressive phenotype. Comparisons to human literature and analysis of human scRNA-seq data revealed conserved transcriptomic responses to tumor infiltration, while also identifying species differences. Overall, the analysis presented here provides new insights into how the OS TME impacts the transcriptional programs of major immune cell populations in dogs and acts as a resource for comparative immuno-oncology research.
Pharmaceutical considerations in treating neuropathic pain in athletes
Authors: Ramtin Sina , Ilyas Asif 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a complex and challenging condition that arises from abnormal processing of somatosensory information, often following nerve injury or dysfunction. Its diagnosis involves a detailed clinical history, sensory examination, and diagnostic tests such as electromyography, nerve conduction studies, and MRI to identify nerve damage or structural causes. In athletes, neuropathic pain can result from nerve entrapment syndromes, post-surgical complications, or peripheral nerve injuries, with unique challenges in pain assessment due to psychological factors and exercise-induced changes. Pharmacological management primarily includes anticonvulsants (e.g., gabapentin, pregabalin) and antidepressants (e.g., tricyclics, SNRIs), tailored to minimize side effects that could impair athletic performance. Effective treatment requires a careful balance to manage pain while maintaining physical capabilities. When treating athletes for neuropathic pain, healthcare providers must ensure prescribed medications comply with World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) regulations. Narcotics (opioids) and cannabinoids are prohibited in-competition. Glucocorticoids are also banned in-competition if administered via injection, orally, or rectally, and elevated levels in urine may lead to sanctions.
Narratives for Positive Nature Futures in Europe
Authors: D’Alessio Alessandra , Fornarini Claudia , Fernandez Nestor , Namasivayam Anandi Sarita , Visconti Piero , Dertien Jeremy , Hällfors Maria , Jung Martin , Moreira Francisco , O’Connor Louise , Osti Matea , Quintero-Uribe Laura C. , Viti Martina Marei , Lauta Andrea , Pereira Henrique M. , Verburg Peter H. , Rondinini Carlo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Nature Futures Framework (NFF) is a novel approach for the development of positive scenarios centered on the relationship of nature and people, emphasizing biodiversity as part of the solution to environmental challenges across various spatial and temporal scales, explicitly addressing a plurality of values for nature. In this work, we describe the process that has led to the formulation of continental-scale positive narratives for conservation in Europe based on the NFF and its value perspectives (Nature for Nature; Nature for Society; Nature as Culture), through an expert group elicitation. We focused on 6 topics in the narratives: Nature Protection and Restoration; Forest Ecosystems; Freshwater Ecosystems; Urban Systems; Agriculture, and Energy. We analyze differences and similarities among the narratives across these topics. We develop three novel Nature Futures narratives for Europe with contrasting perspectives and priorities for the six topics. Within the EU socioeconomic trends and policy framework, common solutions that simultaneously tackle biodiversity conservation and instrumental and cultural Nature’s Contributions to People (NCP) provision emerged. This set of narratives may integrate preferences concerning EU-level conservation targets and plausible socio-ecological development pathways, supporting the modeling of positive scenarios for nature that can be crucial in guiding policy decisions towards recovery of nature.
Outcome measurement in functional neurological disorder: A qualitative study on the views of patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals
Authors: Rutten Sonja , Bradley-Westguard Abigail , Nicholson Timothy R. , Pick Susannah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
In this qualitative study, we aimed to obtain and synthesise the views of patients with functional neurological disorder (FND), their caregivers, and relevant healthcare professionals (HCPs) on outcome measurement in FND.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 FND patients, 18 caregivers and 21 HCPs, sampled purposively in the United Kingdom. Transcripts were analysed through inductive thematic analysis.

Results
Whilst reduction or resolution of FND symptoms were frequently mentioned as important treatment goals in all groups, this was reported by a larger proportion of caregivers and HCPs than patients. Patients most frequently hoped for improvements in mental health/well-being. Other important treatment goals were resuming work, and an increase in independence, self-management or self-efficacy.
Of the 20 domains deemed relevant for outcome assessment, improvements in FND symptoms, emotional well-being, activities of daily living and quality-of-life, were mentioned most frequently.
None of the participants thought that outcome assessment should be purely clinician-rated or objective; all believed that the patient’s subjective experience should be central. Nevertheless, participants in all groups acknowledged that clinician-rated or objective OMIs have added value in clinical outcome assessment. The benefits of digital outcome assessment were also mentioned by several participants.

Conclusions
This is the first study to capture the views of key stakeholders on outcome assessment in FND. The findings indicate that outcome measures for FND should be patient-centred, whilst also including HCP opinion. Critical domains for assessment are FND symptoms, mental health, quality-of-life and the ability to perform activities of daily living.
Accelerometry-derived features of physical activity, sleep and circadian rhythm relate to non-motor symptoms in individuals with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Ophey Anja , Vinod Vaishali , Röttgen Sinah , Scharfenberg Daniel , Fink Gereon R. , Sommerauer Michael , Kalbe Elke , Maetzler Walter , Hansen Clint 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Accelerometry enables passive, continuous, high-frequency monitoring under free-living conditions. For individuals with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), a potential prodromal phase of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies, accelerometry has been primarily applied to aid diagnosis and to assess phenoconversion risk. To extend this knowledge, we cross-sectionally combined clinical assessments focusing on non-motor symptoms with accelerometry-derived features of physical activity (PA), sleep, and circadian rhythm of N = 68 individuals with iRBD (age: 69.48 ± 6.01 years, self-reported RBD symptom duration: 9.46 ± 6.21 years, 85 % male). Accelerometry-assessed PA was associated with more stable circadian rhythms. Additionally, higher PA and more stable circadian rhythms were linked to a lower burden of overall non-motor symptoms, depressive symptoms, and fatigue with small to moderate effect sizes. Furthermore, including accelerometry-derived features improved the prediction of individual clinical scores, particularly for cognitive performance. Our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence highlighting the complex interplay between PA, sleep, circadian rhythm, and non-motor symptoms in α-synucleinopathies. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to monitor changes in clinical outcomes and digital biomarkers over time to enhance our understanding of symptom progression and corresponding lifestyle changes in prodromal and manifest α-synucleinopathies.
Portable ultra-low-field MRI for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Case studies, sensitivity, and potential applications
Authors: Okar Serhat V. , Kawatra Karan D. , Thommana Ashley A. , Vultorius Daniela C. , Nair Govind , Gaitán María I. , Norato Gina , Mina Yair , Fletcher Anita , Reich Daniel S. , Cortese Irene 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and objective
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe, disabling infection caused by JC virus reactivation. PML-related disability complicates the MRI monitoring needed to assess treatment interventions in clinical trial or compassionate use settings. Portable ultra-low-field MRI (pULF-MRI) offers a convenient approach when such frequent imaging is needed. We evaluated the potential utility of pULF-MRI as an adjunctive tool for decreasing the burden of clinical study participation and clinical management in PML.

Methods
We examined paired high-field (HF) and pULF-MRI scans from 11 patients, aged 49 ± 15 years. pULF-MRI images with corresponding HF-MRI were coupled to depict key imaging findings of PML, including three patients with longitudinal evaluations, one with bedside pULF-MRI. The images were then independently assessed by two blinded raters, not involved in image acquisition or initial evaluations, who sequentially rated diagnostic accuracy of pULF-MRI scans compared to the HF-MRI. Longitudinal evaluations were performed for three patients, one with bedside pULF-MRI.

Results
T2-FLAIR lesions were detected with pULF-ULF in all cases when present on HF-MRI. Median sensitivity and specificity were 62% and 100%, respectively. T1WI hypointense areas showed similar performance. Focal volume loss was present in 8/11 HF-MRI scans, with sensitivity and specificity of detection by pULF-MRI of 100% and 94%, respectively. Contrast enhancement was seen in a single case on both pULF- and HF-MRI. Follow-up pULF-MRI showed lesion changes in two cases, and stable findings in one case, consistent with HF-MRI.

Discussion
pULF-MRI shows promise in evaluation and monitoring of PML, showing moderate-to-high accuracy even when evaluations were unaided by HF-MRI. Our results highlight a potential application of pULF-MRI for facilitating participation in PML clinical research and more generally as a way to reduce burden of clinical management for this disabled patient population.
Speeding up MPM calculations in MPM-FEM hybrid method incorporating inconsistent domain decomposition patterns for solid and fluid phases
Authors: Pan Shaoyuan , Hidano Soma , Nomura Reika , Jing Lu , Miki Yohei , Kawai Masatoshi , Moriguchi Shuji , Nakajima Kengo , Terada Kenjiro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A new method is developed to improve the computational efficiency of MPM calculations in MPM-FEM hybrid analyses with the help of a dynamic load balancing (DLB) technique. This method achieves proper communication between control points associated with the B-spline basis functions assigned to the cores corresponding to not only the adaptively located subdomains for the MPM, which change with the deformation of the solid phase, but also the separately located subdomains for the MPM and stabilized FEM. Since higher-order B-spline functions are used in the MPM-FEM to reduce the cell-crossing error that often arises in the MPM with linear basis functions, material points and control points that need to communicate variable values are not always located at domain boundaries, further increasing the complexity of interdomain communication. A novel contribution of this study is the high computational efficiency of the MPM calculations, which allow for proper communication under this complexity. The first example is an MPM run for the solid phase only aimed at investigating the scalability and parallel efficiency of the developed DLB. The second and third examples show that the DLB technique for MPM calculations achieves excellent computational efficiency even when the MPM-FEM hybrid method results in inconsistent domain decomposition patterns for the fluid and solid phases.
Vessel anatomy of urban Celtis occidentalis trees varies to favour safety or efficiency depending on site conditions
Authors: Rissanen Kaisa , Vitali Valentina , Kneeshaw Daniel , Paquette Alain 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Key message
Urban trees can acclimate to their growth environment through changes in vessel anatomy. Vessel lumen area and vessel frequency following a gradient from park trees to inner-city street trees.

Abstract
Urban trees stand in potentially stressful growth environments occurring along gradients of urban heat and impermeable surface cover and, to survive, can adjust their function and structure. The consequent tree-to-tree variations in hydraulic xylem traits can shed light on tree hydraulics and capacity to acclimate to diverse conditions, as well as identify limitations to tree growth and survival. Using microscopic analysis of increment cores, we compared early wood vessel traits of the ring-porous angiosperm Celtis occidentalis in three urban site types: central streets, residential streets and parks, within the city of Montreal. We explored differences in vessel traits (mean vessel lumen area, vessel frequency, vessel grouping index and derived variables) between site types, vessel trait intercorrelations and correlations with monthly temperature, precipitation and heat-moisture index over 10 years. The vessel traits significantly differed between site types. Park trees had the largest and central street trees had the smallest vessel lumen area and theoretical hydraulic conductivity; traits supporting efficient water transport. Central street trees had the largest vessel frequency and smallest theoretical vulnerability to cavitation; traits connected to hydraulic safety. Residential street tree traits were in between. Among central and residential street trees, water transport efficiency traits correlated positively with cool springs or arid summers, whereas among park trees, mainly vessel frequency and grouping index responded to climate variations. These results highlight the capacity of C. occidentalis to acclimate to urban environments and the potential of anatomical traits for quantifying the effects of urban environments on tree functioning.

Graphical Abstract
The role of oil-suspension phenomenon in oil-jet lubricated gears and bearings: an innovative numerical approach
Authors: Concli Franco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As the demand for higher power density and reliable mechanical gear transmissions grows, effective lubrication has become a critical design requirement. Optimizing lubricant supply not only reduces power losses and improves system efficiency but also lowers operating temperatures and enhances overall reliability. This paper presents two Finite Volume multi-phase models developed in
$$\text{OpenFOAM}^{\text{\textregistered}}$$
for simulating lubrication of mechanical systems. Two examples of different flow regimes (namely high speed oil-jet gear lubrication and low speed oil-jet bearing lubrication) are considered and analyzed with different approaches (Eulerian-Eulerian dispersed model and Eulerian separated model with interface tracking). Numerical results are compared with experimental data provided by the Ohio State University’s (back-to-back test rig under varying operating conditions), highlighting the crucial role of oil droplet concentration on the “wet-windage” power loss mechanism.
An eye-tracking study of visual attention in chimpanzees and bonobos when viewing different tool-using techniques
Authors: Piao Yige , Brooks James , Yamamoto Shinya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chimpanzees and bonobos are excellent tool users and can socially learn various skills. Previous studies on social learning mainly measure success/failure in acquiring new techniques, with less direct measurement of proximate mechanisms like visual attention during the process. This study investigates how great apes observe tool-using demonstrations through eye-tracking. After checking initial techniques, six chimpanzees and six bonobos were shown video demonstrations of human demonstrators using a tube to dip (low-efficiency) or suck (high-efficiency) juice, and then tried the task themselves. Attention to each video was compared to participants’ knowledge. Although no individuals acquired the high-efficiency technique through video demonstrations, eye-tracking results revealed attentional differences between individuals familiar with different techniques. Compared with individuals already familiar with both techniques, individuals knowing only the dipping technique showed less attention to the unfamiliar sucking technique. This result indicates that apes may not attend much to what they do not know well, which aligns with reported interplay of action observation and understanding. Attentional patterns to the action part of the two techniques was non-significant between species, though bonobos looked marginally more at faces and chimpanzees looked significantly more at food. This study highlights the importance of conducting detailed investigations into social learning processes, with eye-tracking as one valuable method.
A Deep-Learning Approach for Vocal Fold Pose Estimation in Videoendoscopy
Authors: Villani Francesca Pia , Fiorentino Maria Chiara , Federici Lorenzo , Piazza Cesare , Frontoni Emanuele , Paderno Alberto , Moccia Sara 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Accurate vocal fold (VF) pose estimation is crucial for diagnosing larynx diseases that can eventually lead to VF paralysis. The videoendoscopic examination is used to assess VF motility, usually estimating the change in the anterior glottic angle (AGA). This is a subjective and time-consuming procedure requiring extensive expertise. This research proposes a deep learning framework to estimate VF pose from laryngoscopy frames acquired in the actual clinical practice. The framework performs heatmap regression relying on three anatomically relevant keypoints as a prior for AGA computation, which is estimated from the coordinates of the predicted points. The assessment of the proposed framework is performed using a newly collected dataset of 471 laryngoscopy frames from 124 patients, 28 of whom with cancer. The framework was tested in various configurations and compared with other state-of-the-art approaches (direct keypoints regression and glottal segmentation) for both pose estimation, and AGA evaluation. The proposed framework obtained the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) computed on all the keypoints (5.09, 6.56, and 6.40 pixels, respectively) among all the models tested for VF pose estimation. Also for the AGA evaluation, heatmap regression reached the lowest mean average error (MAE) (

$$5.87^{\circ }$$

5
.

87
∘

). Results show that relying on keypoints heatmap regression allows to perform VF pose estimation with a small error, overcoming drawbacks of state-of-the-art algorithms, especially in challenging images such as pathologic subjects, presence of noise, and occlusion.
Initial assessment of PNS safety for interventionalists during image-guided procedures
Authors: Jia Feng , Endt Axel vom , Amrein Philipp , Russe Maximilian Frederik , Rohdjess Heiko , Leghissa Martino , Zaitsev Maxim , Littin Sebastian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study investigates peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) safety thresholds for health professionals performing MRI procedures and the variation of arm rotations in close vicinity to the magnet bore.

Methods
Employing two posable human body models, this research utilized quasi-static electromagnetic calculations and neurodynamic simulations to assess PNS thresholds. Different arm rotations are compared for standing interventionalist’s posture assuming the supine patient position, typical for medical interventions inside MRI devices.

Results
This study reveals that arm rotations in standing postures result in variations in PNS thresholds. However, for all the arm poses considered, the threshold was at least 2.4 times higher compared to the patient position. Differences in PNS thresholds and electric field distributions were observed between male and female models.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that when the PNS thresholds for imaging subjects are not exceeded, it is likely that a subject leaning into the bore will also not experience PNS. However, variations in PNS thresholds due to arm movements highlight the importance of considering body posture in MRI safety protocols.
Systematic Literature Review on Passenger Car Fire Experiments for Car Park Safety Design
Authors: Miechówka Bartosz , Węgrzyński Wojciech 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To allow future creation of knowledge-based design fire scenarios for car fires, a systematic literature review was performed. Keywords “fire + passenger vehicle” and “fire + car” were filtered in Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science databases for 1990–2024 period yielding 11 papers containing relevant data. A further citation mining on references revealed another 33. A total of 148 individual records of fire experiments were identified, with records of the heat release rate (or mass loss rate), total heat release and time to reach peak heat release rate. The database was subdivided by the car size and drivetrain, as well by the age of experiments. Analysing the course of experiments, common phases of fires have been identified, leading to another sub-division of the database by the location of the ignition source. It was found that fires initiated from the underneath the car did lead to higher peak HRR and a shorter time to peak compared to fires starting at other locations. Statistical distributions of peak HRR, time to peak HRR and THR are given for each sub-set of data. The average Heat of Combustion value of 25 MJ/kg (± 7 MJ/kg) was identified for the entire dataset.