bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double pelvic osteotomy for the treatment of hip dysplasia in young dogs
Authors: Vezzoni A. , Boiocchi S. , Vanelli A. B. , Bronzo V. , Vezzoni L. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) (osteotomy of the ilium and pubis) to treat clinical cases of hip dyplasia in young dogs instead of performing a triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) (osteotomy of the ilium, pubis, and ischium). Candidates for DPO were 4.5- to nine-month-old dogs with coxofemoral joint subluxation and laxity, indicative of susceptibility to future development of severe hip dysplasia. The angle of reduction (AR) and angle of subluxation (AS) with Ortolani's sign, Norberg angle (NA), percentage of femoral head (PC) covered by the acetabulum, and the pelvic diameters and their relationships were measured clinically and radiographically before and after surgery. The surgical technique was similar to the TPO technique, but excluded ischiatic osteotomy. A DPO was carried out in 53 joints of 34 dogs AR and AS values immediately postoperatively and at the oneand two-month follow-up examinations were significantly lower than the preoperative values (p <0.01). The complications en-countered were mainly represented by implant failure (3.5%), partial plate pull-out (9.4%), and incomplete fracture of the ischial table (7.5%). Changes in PC and NA values obtained immediately after surgery and at the first and second follow-up examinations were significantly greater (p <0.01 both) than values obtained before surgery. Sufficient acetabular ventroversion was achieved to counteract joint subluxation and the modifications of AR and AS. The NA and PC direct postoperative values reflected a significant improvement in the dorsal acetabular coverage.
Clinical relevance: Restoration of normal joint congruity (PC from 50 to 72%) and maintenance of the pelvic geometry without pelvic narrowing were the most intriguing features of DPO. The complications observed were greatly reduced when using dedicated DPO plates. Based on our experience, the morbidity after unilateral and bilateral DPO was lower than after TPO because elimination of the ischiatic osteotomy allowed for increased stability of the pelvis. The surgical technique of DPO was a little more demanding than TPO because of the difficulty in handling and rotating the acetabular iliac segment, but this difficulty was offset by elimination of ischial osteotomy.
Worldwide correlations of mechanical properties and green wood density
Authors: Niklas Karl J. , Spatz Hanns‐Christof 
Published: September 2010

• Premise of the study: The density of wood is highly correlated with the ability of stems and roots to resist bending or twisting, which is important for evaluating the mechanical behavior of trees. It also provides a measure of carbon storage, which is an important variable in modeling ecosystem processes and tree construction costs. However, most measurements of the density and mechanical properties of wood have little direct bearing on understanding the biomechanics of living plants because they are based on kiln‐ or air‐dried samples.• Methods: Here, we present and analyze the relationships between four important mechanical properties (Young's modulus, the modulus of rupture, and the maximum strength in shearing and in compression) and the density of green wood (i.e., wood at 50% moisture content) from a worldwide, taxonomically broad spectrum of 161 species.• Key results: These data indicate that each of the mechanical properties disproportionately increases across species with increasing green wood density, i.e., stems composed of denser green wood are disproportionately stiffer and stronger than stems with equivalent cross‐sections composed of less dense green wood.• Conclusions: Although denser wood may have a higher carbon construction cost, the mechanical benefits of denser woods likely outweigh the extra cost.
Structure–activity relationships of HCV NS3 protease inhibitors evaluated on the drug-resistant variants A156T and D168V
Authors: Örtqvist Pernilla , Vema Aparna , Ehrenberg Angelica E , Dahl Göran , Rönn Robert , Åkerblom Eva , Karlén Anders , Danielson U Helena , Sandström Anja 
Published: September 2010

Background HCV infections are a serious threat to public health. An important drug target is the NS3 protease, for which several inhibitors are in clinical trials. Because of the high mutation rate of the virus, resistance against any HCV-specific drug is likely to become a substantial problem. Structure–activity data for the major resistant variants are therefore needed to guide future designs of protease inhibitors. Methods The inhibitory potency of tripeptide NS3 protease inhibitors, with either a P2 proline or phenylglycine, in combination with different P3 and P1-P1’ groups, was assessed in enzyme activity assays using the full-length NS3 protein with known resistance- conferring substitutions A156T or D168V. The results obtained from these variants were compared with the inhibition of the wild-type enzyme. Molecular modelling was used to rationalize the biochemical results. Results Inhibitors combining the P2 proline and P1 (1 R,2 S)-1-amino-2-vinylcyclopropyl-carboxylic acid (vinylACCA) lost much of their potency on the resistant variants. Exchange of the P2 proline for phenylglycine yielded inhibitors that were equipotent on the wild-type and on the A156T and D168V variants. The same result was obtained from the combination of either the P2 residue with a norvaline or an aromatic scaffold in the P1 position. Conclusions The combination of a substituted P2 proline and P1 vinylACCA appears to be the main problem behind the observed resistance. Molecular modelling suggests an enforced change in binding conformation for the P2 proline- based inhibitors, whereas the phenylglycine-based inhibitors retained their wild-type binding conformation in the substituted forms of the enzyme.
DVT Prophylaxis: Better Living Through Chemistry: Affirms
Authors: Pellegrini Vincent D. 
Published: September 2010

Venous thromboembolism remains the most common cause of hospital readmission and death after total joint arthroplasty. The 2008 American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines, based on prospective randomized clinical trials with a venography endpoint, endorse the use of low-molecular-weight heparin, fondaparinux, or adjusted dose warfarin (target international normalized ratio, 2.5; range, 2–3) for up to 35 days after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In the past, the ACCP has recommended against the use of aspirin, graduated compression stockings, or venous compression devices as the sole means of prophylaxis, but in 2008 they first recommended the “optimal use of mechanical thromboprophylaxis with venous foot pumps or intermittent pneumatic compression devices” in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty who “have a high risk of bleeding.” When the high risk subsides, pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis is substituted for, or added to, mechanical methods.
Fractionated heparins and pentasaccharide are the most effective agents in reducing venographic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after total joint arthroplasty with residual clot rates <5% after THA and 20% after TKA, but major or clinically meaningful bleeding occurs in 3% to 5% of patients. Newer Xa and thrombin inhibitors enjoy greater efficacy with equal or higher bleeding rates. Low-intensity warfarin (target international normalized ratio, 2.0) combines safety (bleeding rates <1%) with efficacy (readmission for clinical DVT or pulmonary embolism 0.2%) after total joint arthroplasty. Warfarin represents a therapeutic compromise by preventing clinical events in exchange for a lower bleeding rate; genetic testing will likely simplify warfarin use and reduce outlier responders.
Perspectives on Parenthood and Working of Female Athletic Trainers in the Secondary School and Collegiate Settings
Authors: Kahanov Leamor , Loebsack Alice R. , Masucci Matthew A. , Roberts Jeff 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Context:
Female athletic trainers (ATs) are currently underrepresented in the collegiate setting. Parenting and family obligations may play a role in this underrepresentation.

Objective:
To examine female ATs' perspectives on parenting and working in the secondary school and collegiate employment settings.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Online survey.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 1000 nonstudent, female certified ATs who were currently members of the National Athletic Trainers' Association.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
An original survey was developed to assess perceptions related to motherhood and work responsibilities. Descriptive statistics were used to assess age, years of experience as a certified AT, employment position, and parent or nonparent status. A correlation matrix was conducted to determine factors among parent and nonparent status, perceptions of motherhood, and employment-setting decisions.

Results:
Of the 1000 surveys sent via e-mail, 411 (41.1%) female ATs responded. Responses indicated that a majority of the female ATs worked in the secondary school setting. Sixty-one percent of the respondents did not have children. Past female ATs' experiences indicated a perception that motherhood created more challenges or struggles (or both) in the work and family settings. Whether parents considered children a factor in employment-setting changes produced conflicting results: no significant correlations or differences were found among responses.

Conclusions:
Parenting considerations had influences on both the home and employment settings. Although parents and nonparents had different views on the implications of parenting in the workplace, both groups agreed that parenting could affect the work environment and the choice to change employment settings and careers. Administrative decisions need to be considered in relation to parenting concerns. Mentoring that includes employment-setting choices relative to life goals should be provided to ATs, regardless of sex.
Degree of oligotrophy controls the response of microbial plankton to Saharan dust
Authors: Marañén Emilio , Fernández Ana , Mouriño-Carballido Beatriz , MartÍnez-GarcÍa Sandra , Teira Eva , Cermeño Pedro , Chouciño Paloma , Huete-Ortega MarÍa , Fernández Emilio , Calvo-DÍaz Alejandra , Morán Xosé Anxelu G. , Bode Antonio , Moreno-Ostos Enrique , Varela Marta M. , Patey Matthew D. , Achterberg Eric P. 
Published: September 2010

To determine the effects of Saharan dust on the abundance, biomass,	community structure, and metabolic activity of oceanic microbial plankton, we conducted eight bioassay experiments between ca. 30°N and 30°S in the central Atlantic Ocean. We found that, although bulk abundance and biomass tended to remain unchanged, different groups of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton responded differently to Saharan dust addition. The predominant type of metabolic response depended on the ecosystem's degree of oligotrophy and was modulated by competition for nutrients between phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria. The relative increase in bacterial production, which was the dominant response to dust addition in ultraoligotrophic environments, became larger with increasing oligotrophy. In contrast, primary production, which was stimulated only in the least oligotrophic waters, became less responsive to dust as the ecosystem's degree of oligotrophy increased. Given the divergent consequences of a predominantly bacterial vs. phytoplanktonic response, dust inputs can, depending on the ecosystem's degree of oligotrophy, stimulate or weaken biological CO2 drawdown. Thus, the biogeochemical implications of changing dust fluxes might not be universal, but variable through both space and time.
El producto de convolución de la derivada de la delta de Dirac en <i>1-x<sup>2</sup></i>
Authors: García M , Aguirre M 
Published: September 2010

En este artículo se le dio un sentido al producto de convolución de δ (k-1)(1- x2)∗δ (l-1) (1- x2). Como caso particular se obtuvo una fórmula del producto de convolución de δ (1- x2)∗δ (1- x2) (C.f. fórmula (38)). Palabras Claves: Convolución; ProductoDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v22i2.45Nexo Revista Científica Vol. 22, No. 02, pp.66-71/Diciembre 2009
Oropharyngeal Cancer Staging Health Record Extraction Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Baran Elif , Lee Melissa , Aviv Steven , Weiss Jessica , Pettengell Chris , Karam Irene , Bayley Andrew , Poon Ian , Chan Kelvin K. W. , Parmar Ambica , Smoragiewicz Martin , Klieb Hagen , Truong Tra , Maralani Pejman , Enepekides Danny J. , Higgins Kevin M. , Eskander Antoine 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceAccurate, timely, and cost-effective methods for staging oropharyngeal cancers are crucial for patient prognosis and treatment decisions, but staging documentation is often inaccurate or incomplete. With the emergence of artificial intelligence in medicine, data abstraction may be associated with reduced costs but increased efficiency and accuracy of cancer staging.ObjectiveTo evaluate an algorithm using an artificial intelligence engine capable of extracting essential information from medical records of patients with oropharyngeal cancer and assigning tumor, nodal, and metastatic stages according to American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition guidelines.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective diagnostic study was conducted among a convenience sample of 806 patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Medical records of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas who presented to a single tertiary care center between January 1, 2010, and August 1, 2020, were reviewed. A ground truth cancer stage dataset and comprehensive staging rule book consisting of 135 rules encompassing p16 status, tumor, and nodal and metastatic stage were developed. Subsequently, 4 distinct models were trained: model T (entity relationship extraction) for anatomical location and invasion state, model S (numerical extraction) for lesion size, model M (sequential classification) for metastasis detection, and a p16 model for p16 status. For validation, results were compared against ground truth established by expert reviewers, and accuracy was reported. Data were analyzed from March to November 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe accuracy of algorithm cancer stages was compared with ground truth.ResultsAmong 806 patients with oropharyngeal cancer (mean [SD] age, 63.6 [10.6] years; 651 males [80.8%]), 421 patients (52.2%) were positive for human papillomavirus. The artificial intelligence engine achieved accuracies of 55.9% (95% CI, 52.5%-59.3%) for tumor, 56.0% (95% CI, 52.5%-59.4%) for nodal, and 87.6% (95% CI, 85.1%-89.7%) for metastatic stages and 92.1% (95% CI, 88.5%-94.6%) for p16 status. Differentiation between localized (stages 1-2) and advanced (stages 3-4) cancers achieved 80.7% (95% CI, 77.8%-83.2%) accuracy.Conclusion and RelevanceThis study found that tumor and nodal staging accuracies were fair to good and excellent for metastatic stage and p16 status, with clinical relevance in assigning optimal treatment and reducing toxic effect exposures. Further model refinement and external validation with electronic health records at different institutions are necessary to improve algorithm accuracy and clinical applicability.
Old Before Their Time? The Impact of Osteoarthritis on Younger Adults
Authors: Wilfong Jessica M. , Badley Elizabeth M. , Perruccio Anthony V. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveOsteoarthritis (OA) is frequently perceived as a disease of the elderly and an inevitable result of aging. Because OA studies often are restricted to older adults, there is limited information on OA in younger adults. This study describes the burden of OA across a wide age range and compares younger and older adults.MethodsDescriptive analysis of the Survey on Living with Chronic Diseases in Canada – Arthritis Component, a nationally representative survey of Canadians ≥20 years who reported an arthritis diagnosis in the Canadian Community Health Survey, a general health population survey. Analyses were restricted to those reporting OA and no other kind of arthritis (n = 1,749).ResultsIn the representative group with OA, 55.4% were younger than 65 years. The mean age at diagnosis was 50 years, with 30.4% reporting being diagnosed before age 45 years. Younger adults reported similar symptom severity as their older counterparts with OA regarding the mean number of affected joint sites, severity of pain and fatigue, and activity limitations. In the youngest age group, those with OA were significantly more likely to report fair or poor overall and mental health and life dissatisfaction compared with their general counterparts; the same was not the case in the oldest age group.ConclusionOA is not uncommon among younger and middle‐aged adults, and they experience OA impacts comparable with those for older adults. These findings suggest that younger adults with OA will live many years with symptoms and disability and highlight a need for effective OA management across ages.
Organic Solvent Boosts Charge Storage and Charging Dynamics of Conductive MOF Supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Ming , Wu Taizheng , Niu Liang , Ye Ting , Dai Wenlei , Zeng Liang , Kornyshev Alexei A. , Wang Zhenxiang , Liu Zhou , Feng Guang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConductive metal–organic frameworks (c‐MOFs) and ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as auspicious combinations for high‐performance supercapacitors. However, the nanoconfinement from c‐MOFs and high viscosity of ILs slow down the charging process. This hindrance can, however, be resolved by adding solvent. Here, constant‐potential molecular simulations are performed to scrutinize the solvent impact on charge storage and charging dynamics of MOF‐IL‐based supercapacitors. Conditions for >100% enhancement in capacity and ≈6 times increase in charging speed are found. These improvements are confirmed by synthesizing near‐ideal c‐MOFs and developing multiscale models linking molecular simulations to electrochemical measurements. Fundamentally, the findings elucidate that the solvent acts as an “ionophobic agent” to induce a substantial enhancement in charge storage, and as an “ion traffic police” to eliminate convoluted counterion and co‐ion motion paths and create two distinct ion transport highways to accelerate charging dynamics. This work paves the way for the optimal design of MOF supercapacitors.
High‐Efficiency Semitransparent Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetectors Enabled by a Molecular Crystal Network
Authors: Quan Huilei , Zhong Zhiming , Zhou Zhisheng , Wu Xuefei , Shi Chuqi , Fink Zachary , Zhou Guanqing , Shang Ying , Yin Zhipeng , Zhang Anyang , Wang Cheng , Li Ning , Zhong Wenkai , Huang Fei , Ying Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSemitransparent organic photodetectors (ST‐OPDs) show immense promise for integration into optoelectronic devices, offering adjustable absorption and see‐through functionalities. However, achieving high‐performance ST‐OPDs remains challenging, necessitating a delicate balance of low dark current density, high external quantum efficiency, and optimal visible light transmission. Here, a strategy is presented using anode interfacial materials (AIMs) as the donor and narrow bandgap non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) to formulate the donor: acceptor light‐sensitive layer. Critical to the approach is the incorporation of 1,8‐diiodooctane during film processing, enabling the formation of morphology with an NFA molecular crystal network embedded within the donor polymer matrix. This optimized morphology substantially boosted device external quantum efficiency and reduced dark current under reverse bias, yielding a remarkable special detectivity of over 1013 Jones at 840 nm under a bias of −0.1 V. ST‐OPDs are achieved with detectivity surpassing 1012 Jones and notable average visible transmittance of over 50%. These findings highlight the potential of AIM:NFA combinations for high‐efficiency ST‐OPDs by finely controlling morphology through multiple length scales, opening doors for various applications in transparent electronics and beyond.
Modeling and Experimental Validation of High‐Flow Fluid‐Driven Membrane Valves for Hyperactuated Soft Robots
Authors: Dai Tianxiang , Velimirović Nikola , Zalles Philipp , Bruder Daniel , Buffinton Keith , Gillespie R. Brent , Remy C. David 
Published: May 2024

Herein, the design, modeling, and validation of high‐flow, fluid‐driven, membrane valves tailored specifically for applications in soft robotic systems are described. Targeting the piping problem in hyper‐actuated soft robots, two fluid‐driven membrane valve designs that can admit flows of up to while weighing less than are introduced. A mathematical model to predict fluid flow by representing the displacement of the membrane as a scalar quantity influenced by the balance of pressures applied across the valve's ports is established. The model incorporates six parameters with direct physical relevance, enhancing its usefulness in valve design and system integration. In an experimental validation, flow rates with deviations within 4% are predicted and the onset of flow is correctly identified with an error rate of less than 1%. In addition, applications of these valves for flow amplification and for the creation of a fluid‐driven oscillator are experimentally demonstrated. This research contributes to the advancement of soft robotics by providing a tool for designing, optimizing, and controlling fluid‐driven systems and it lays the groundwork for the future development of embedded, fluid‐controlled valve networks that can be used to realize hyper‐actuated soft robotic systems.