bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BMS-777607, a Small-Molecule Met Kinase Inhibitor, Suppresses Hepatocyte Growth Factor–Stimulated Prostate Cancer Metastatic Phenotype In vitro
Authors: Dai Yao , Siemann Dietmar W. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Most prostate cancer–related deaths are due to advanced disease with patients with metastatic prostate cancer having a 5-year survival rate of only 34%. Overexpression of c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase has been highly associated with prostate cancer progression and metastasis. In the present studies, the effect of BMS-777607, a selective and potent small-molecule Met kinase inhibitor that has been advanced to clinical evaluation, on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)–mediated cell functions and signaling pathways was evaluated in c-Met–expressing PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells. BMS-777607 treatment had little effect on tumor cell growth but inhibited cell scattering activated by exogenous HGF, with almost complete inhibition at 0.5 μmol/L in PC-3 and DU145 cells. This agent also suppressed HGF-stimulated cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent fashion (IC50 &lt; 0.1 μmol/L) in both cell lines. Mechanistically, nanomolar doses of BMS-777607 potently blocked HGF-stimulated c-Met autophosphorylation and downstream activation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. In addition, both wortmannin and U0126, but not dasatinib, attenuated cell scattering and migration induced by HGF, suggesting the involvement of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, but not of Src or focal adhesion kinase, in HGF-mediated motogenic effects. Taken together, these data indicate that the downregulation of c-Met signaling by BMS-777607 treatment can significantly disrupt key steps in the metastatic cascade, suggesting that such a targeting strategy may hold promise for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(6); 1554–61. ©2010 AACR.
Detection and Quantification of Myocardial Scars by Contrast-Enhanced 3D Echocardiography
Authors: Montant Patrick , Chenot Fabien , Goffinet Céline , Poncelet Alain , Vancraeynest David , Pasquet Agnès , Gerber Bernhard L. , Vanoverschelde Jean-Louis J. 
Published: June 2010

Background—
Myocardial infarct scars are usually imaged by delayed-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (DE-cMR). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the detection and quantification of myocardial scars can be evaluated by 3D echocardiography (3D-echo).

Methods and Results—

Fifty patients with a healed myocardial infarction (>3 months) and 10 controls underwent 3D echo and DE-cMR within 2 weeks. 3D-echo images were acquired with different settings, with or without contrast. The highest contrast-to-noise ratio was obtained with second-harmonic imaging (1.6/3.2 MHz), at a mechanical index of 0.5, in the presence of contrast. Using this modality, we calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the 3D-echo detection of cMR scars on a segmental basis to be 78% and 99%, respectively. On a per-patient basis, they were 96% and 90%, respectively. Good correlation and limits of agreement were found between the assessment of scar mass by 3D echo and DE-cMR (
r
=0.93,
P
<0.001; bias, 1.4±3.6 g), and the concordance between both techniques for the assessment of scar transmurality was good. Intraobserver, interobserver, and day-to-day reproducibility was comparable between 3D echo and DE-cMR for both the detection and quantification of scars.

Conclusions—
Contrast-enhanced 3D echo is a promising new tool for the detection and quantification of myocardial infarct scars.
California towhee vocal duets are multi-functional signals for multiple receivers
Authors: Benedict Lauryn 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAvian vocal duets provide a model system for studying the evolution and production of complex signals which require input from multiple individuals. Duets serve a variety of communication functions in diverse species. To explore the function of duetting in California towhees (Pipilo crissalis) I collected behavioural data from a marked population, conducted sound playback experiments, and removed males from established pairs to observe the behaviour of new partners. Results indicate that California towhees use duets during extra-pair communication with conspecifics and during intra-pair communication between duetting partners. During the breeding season duetting frequency peaked during the chick-rearing period and was low during periods of high female fertility. Playbacks provoked similar levels of aggressive response from male and female territory holders. Mated pairs duetted in response to simulated intrusion by conspecific males, females and pairs. California towhee duets briefly increased in frequency after pairing, and showed no evidence of change due to learning. Duets facilitate spatial and behavioural coordination by mates, which should allow them to more effectively perform behaviours related to mutual reproductive success. No single existing hypothesis adequately explains vocal duetting among California towhees. Instead, duets function in multiple contexts and provide multiple potential benefits.
Which sex controls the duration of postcopulatory courtship and to what effect in the parasitoid wasp Spalangia endius
Authors: King  
Published: June 2010

AbstractResistance by females during a reproductive interaction is thought to reflect conflict between the sexes over the optimal outcome. In the parasitoid wasp, Spalangia endius, the female attempts to brush the male off her back with her hind legs after a few seconds of postcopulatory courtship. Although males do not dismount immediately, this signal is effective. Removal of female hind legs resulted in postcopulatory courtship that was longer, although a normal duration was sufficient to turn off a female's receptivity permanently. Responding immediately to the signal was not advantageous to males. When postcopulatory courtship was experimentally terminated as soon as females began signalling, they sometimes remained attractive and receptive to subsequent males. However, earlier studies suggest that for most if not all females, mating a second time would not increase the production of daughters or of total offspring, and being mounted interferes with oviposition. Thus, the normal duration of postcopulatory courtship is determined by the behaviour of both the male and the female, and currently this may usually be better for both partners than a duration determined by just one partner. Coevolution between the sexes may have mitigated previous conflict, and remaining resistance may reflect the ghost of conflict past.
Decimal Time: Misadventures of a Revolutionary Idea, 1793–2008
Authors: Vera Hector 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis article traces the idea of decimalized systems of time reckoning, from their first articulated designs and implementation in the French revolution to our day. The paper analyzes how decimal time was the product of a broader rationalizing project that successfully reformed weights and measures (with the invention of the decimal metric system) and money (with the introduction of the franc as a decimal currency), but failed in bringing the chronological and calendrical reform into fruition. Finally, some hypotheses are suggested to explain why contrary to the global success of the metric system and decimal currency, plans for a fully decimalized time system were never accepted.
Are Galaxies and Elementary Particles Real? Objects, Reality, Space and Time. An ISST Forum
Authors: Lestienne Rémy 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWhat is an object? What conditions declare it to be “real”? When can a concept, that has been proposed in a physical theory to describe our observations, be declared “physical” or, in other words, to be an element of reality? These questions pertain to the old debate between idealism and realism. In the last decades, the discussion was principally fuelled by the development of Quantum Mechanics, and particularly by the study of the process of measurement and the development of the concept of complementarity by Niels Bohr and the School of Copenhagen. In a few pages taken from The View from the Center of the Universe, Joel Primack and Nancy Abrams propose to limit the use of the concept of existence not only toward the microscopic world but also toward the very large structures of the Universe. This moves us to reopen the Pandora's Box, in a way in which the consideration of Time may play a fundamental role, as Whitehead, for example, insisted on. However, the interrogation seems to drift necessarily towards a reflection onto the concept of emergence and its relation with time. The present article is the end product of a three month's long Forum opened in February 2008 by the initiator among members of the International Society for the Study of Time, onto the “Gnomon” zone of the web site of the Association. Contributions from Nancy Abrams, Mark Aultman, Troy Camplin, Julius T. Fraser, Paul Harris, Marcel Le Bel, Jean Lette, Carlos Montemayor, Giovanni Vicario and Amrit Srecko Sorli were particularly beneficial to the discussion.
Monies of Account and Monetary Transition in China, Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries
Authors: von Glahn Richard 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBetween the twelfth and the fourteenth centuries China’s monetary system shifted from a multiple currency system including paper notes, bronze coin, and uncoined silver to a unified paper currency system established by the Mongol Yuan dynasty. Consequently, China’s longstanding bronze coin standard was replaced by a new money of account denominated in silver. However, silver largely disappeared as a medium of exchange under Yuan rule. Instead, silver units of account were used to denominate paper currency. The monetary policies of the Mongol Yuan state established a silver unit of account that remained the monetary standard throughout China’s late imperial era.
Aberrant induction of LMO2 by the E2A-HLF chimeric transcription factor and its implication in leukemogenesis of B-precursor ALL with t(17;19)
Authors: Hirose Kinuko , Inukai Takeshi , Kikuchi Jiro , Furukawa Yusuke , Ikawa Tomokatsu , Kawamoto Hiroshi , Oram S. Helen , Göttgens Berthold , Kiyokawa Nobutaka , Miyagawa Yoshitaka , Okita Hajime , Akahane Koshi , Zhang Xiaochun , Kuroda Itaru , Honna Hiroko , Kagami Keiko , Goi Kumiko , Kurosawa Hidemitsu , Look A. Thomas , Matsui Hirotaka , Inaba Toshiya , Sugita Kanji 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
LMO2, a critical transcription regulator of hematopoiesis, is involved in human T-cell leukemia. The binding site of proline and acidic amino acid–rich protein (PAR) transcription factors in the promoter of the LMO2 gene plays a central role in hematopoietic-specific expression. E2A-HLF fusion derived from t(17;19) in B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has the transactivation domain of E2A and the basic region/leucine zipper domain of HLF, which is a PAR transcription factor, raising the possibility that E2A-HLF aberrantly induces LMO2 expression. We here demonstrate that cell lines and a primary sample of t(17;19)-ALL expressed LMO2 at significantly higher levels than other B-precursor ALLs did. Transfection of E2A-HLF into a non-t(17;19) B-precursor ALL cell line induced LMO2 gene expression that was dependent on the DNA-binding and transactivation activities of E2A-HLF. The PAR site in the LMO2 gene promoter was critical for E2A-HLF-induced LMO2 expression. Gene silencing of LMO2 in a t(17;19)-ALL cell line by short hairpin RNA induced apoptotic cell death. These observations indicated that E2A-HLF promotes cell survival of t(17;19)-ALL cells by aberrantly up-regulating LMO2 expression. LMO2 could be a target for a new therapeutic modality for extremely chemo-resistant t(17;19)-ALL.
Proteomic expression profiling of Haemophilus influenzae grown in pooled human sputum from adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease reveal antioxidant and stress responses
Authors: Qu Jun , Lesse Alan J , Brauer Aimee L , Cao Jin , Gill Steven R , Murphy Timothy F 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae colonizes and infects the airways of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the fourth most common cause of death worldwide.Thus, H. influenzae, an exclusively human pathogen, has adapted to survive in the hostile environment of the human airways.To characterize proteins expressed by H. influenzae in the airways, a prototype strain was grown in pooled human sputum to simulate conditions in the human respiratory tract.The proteins from whole bacterial cell lysates were solubilized with a strong buffer and then quantitatively cleaned with an optimized precipitation/on-pellet enzymatic digestion procedure.Proteomic profiling was accomplished by Nano-flow liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy with low void volume and high separation efficiency with a shallow, long gradient.

Results
A total of 1402 proteins were identified with high confidence, including 170 proteins that were encoded by genes that are annotated as conserved hypothetical proteins.Thirty-one proteins were present in greater abundance in sputum-grown conditions at a ratio of > 1.5 compared to chemically defined media.These included 8 anti-oxidant and 5 stress-related proteins, suggesting that expression of antioxidant activity and stress responses is important for survival in the airways.Four proteins involved in uptake of divalent anions and 9 proteins that function in uptake of various molecules were present in greater abundance in sputum-grown conditions.

Conclusions
Proteomic expression profiling of H. influenzae grown in pooled human sputum revealed increased expression of antioxidant, stress-response proteins and cofactor and nutrient uptake systems compared to media grown cells.These observations suggest that H. influenzae adapts to the oxidative and nutritionally limited conditions of the airways in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by increasing expression of molecules necessary for survival in these conditions.
Mouse brain expression patterns of Spg7, Afg3l1, and Afg3l2 transcripts, encoding for the mitochondrial m-AAA protease
Authors: Sacco Tiziana , Boda Enrica , Hoxha Eriola , Pizzo Riccardo , Cagnoli Claudia , Brusco Alfredo , Tempia Filippo 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
The m-AAA (A TPases A ssociated with a variety of cellular A ctivities) is an evolutionary conserved metalloprotease complex located in the internal mitochondrial membrane. In the mouse, it is a hetero-oligomer variably formed by the Spg7, Afg3l1, and Afg3l2 encoded proteins, or a homo-oligomer formed by either Afg3l1 or Afg3l2. In humans, AFG3L2 and SPG7 genes are conserved, whereas AFG3L1 became a pseudogene. Both AFG3L2 and SPG7 are involved in a neurodegenerative disease, namely the autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia SCA28 and a recessive form of spastic paraplegia, respectively.

Results
Using quantitative RT-PCR, we measured the expression levels of Spg7, Afg3l1, and Afg3l2 in the mouse brain. In all regions Afg3l2 is the most abundant transcript, followed by Spg7, and Afg3l1, with a ratio of approximately 5:3:1 in whole-brain mRNA. Using in-situ hybridization, we showed that Spg7, Afg3l1 and Afg3l2 have a similar cellular pattern of expression, with high levels in mitral cells, Purkinje cells, deep cerebellar nuclei cells, neocortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and brainstem motor neurons. However, in some neuronal types, differences in the level of expression of these genes were present, suggesting distinct degrees of contribution of their proteins.

Conclusions
Neurons involved in SCA28 and hereditary spastic paraplegia display high levels of expression, but similar or even higher expression is also present in other types of neurons, not involved in these diseases, suggesting that the selective cell sensitivity should be attributed to other, still unknown, mechanisms.
Dramatic regression and bleeding of a duodenal GIST during preoperative imatinib therapy: case report and review
Authors: Hecker Andreas , Hecker Birgit , Bassaly Birgit , Hirschburger Markus , Schwandner Thilo , Janßen Hermann , Padberg Winfried 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract. The majority of GISTs is located in the stomach. Only 3-5% of GISTs are located in the duodenum associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding as primary manifestation. With response rates of up to 90%, but complications like bleeding due to tumor necrosis in 3%, imatinib mesylate dramatically altered the pre- and postoperative therapy for GIST patients.

Case presentation
A 58-year-old female patient presented with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding 2 weeks after a giant GIST of the duodenum had been diagnosed. Neoadjuvant imatinib therapy had been initiated to achieve a tumor downsizing prior to surgery. During emergency laparotomy a partial duodenopancreatectomy was performed to achieve a complete resection of the mass. Histology revealed a high-malignancy GIST infiltrating the duodenal wall. Adjuvant imatinib therapy was initiated. At follow-up (19 months) the patient is still alive and healthy.

Conclusion
Giant GISTs of the duodenum are rare and - in contrast to other localizations - harbour a higher risk of serious bleeding as primary manifestation. Tumor necrosis and tumor bleeding are rare but typical adverse effects of imatinib therapy especially during treatment of high-malignancy GIST. In GIST patients with increased risk of tumor bleeding neoadjuvant imatinib therapy should thoroughly be performed during hospitalization. In cases of duodenal GIST primary surgery should be considered as treatment alternative.
A duplex real-time RT-PCR assay for detecting H5N1 avian influenza virus and pandemic H1N1 influenza virus
Authors: Kang Xiao-ping , Jiang Tao , Li Yong-qiang , Lin Fang , Liu Hong , Chang Guo-hui , Zhu Qing-yu , Qin E-de , Qin Cheng-feng , Yang Yin-hui 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
A duplex real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was improved for simultaneous detection of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus and pandemic H1N1 (2009) influenza virus, which is suitable for early diagnosis of influenza-like patients and for epidemiological surveillance. The sensitivity of this duplex real-time RT-PCR assay was 0.02 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) for H5N1 and 0.2 TCID50 for the pandemic H1N1, which was the same as that of each single-target RT-PCR for pandemic H1N1 and even more sensitive for H5N1 with the same primers and probes. No cross reactivity of detecting other subtype influenza viruses or respiratory tract viruses was observed. Two hundred and thirty-six clinical specimens were tested by comparing with single real-time RT-PCR and result from the duplex assay was 100% consistent with the results of single real-time RT-PCR and sequence analysis.
Factors associated with compliance with community directed treatment with ivermectin for onchocerciasis control in Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Yirga Daniel , Deribe Kebede , Woldemichael Kifle , Wondafrash Mekite , Kassahun Wondosen 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Although ivermectin is distributed free of charge through the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC), not all eligible individuals within communities receive the annual treatment. This poses a serious threat to efforts aimed to control onchocerciasis. This study attempts to determine factors associated with compliance to Community Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI) and provides a basis for trying to understand how best to sustain long-term compliance in order to achieve success in the control of onchocerciasis.

Methods
An unmatched case-control study was conducted in Bebeka coffee plantation southwest Ethiopia. Cases were, compliant i.e., those individuals who had been registered on the relevant treatment registers and had taken all the five annual doses of Ivermectin. Controls were non-compliant, i.e. those individuals who had been recorded in the relevant treatment registers during the first treatment round(2003), and did not take at least two doses of which one being in the last treatment round (2007). Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Data were edited, cleaned, coded and analyzed using SPSS version 12.0.1 for Microsoft Windows. Multiple logistic regression models was used to identify factors associated with compliance to ivermectin.

Results
From the total of 456 individuals selected for administration of the survey questionnaire, 450(225 cases and 225 controls) were contacted and completed the study 2 refused and 4 were unavailable. Five factors associated with compliance were identified: high risk perception [Adjusted Odds Ratio(AOR) = 1.98, 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.32-2.95], one's family support [AOR = 1.86, 95% CI, 1.22-2.84], perceiving that the Community Drug Distributors (CDDs) are doing their work well [AOR = 2.84, 95% CI, 1.50-5.37] and perceiving measuring height is the best way to determine a person's treatment dose [AOR = 6.37, 95% CI, 2.10-19.29] are positive predictors of compliance to ivermectin.

Conclusion
Interventions to improve compliance in the area should focus on health education using epidemiological data in order to increase risk perception and dispelling misconceptions. Motivation and continued support to improve CDD's performance including training and incentives are crucial.
Downregulation of SPARC expression decreases gastric cancer cellular invasion and survival
Authors: Yin Jie , Chen Guowei , Liu Yucun , Liu Si , Wang Pengyuan , Wan Yuanlian , Wang Xin , Zhu Jing , Gao Hongqiao 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundSecreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) plays a key role in the development of many tissues and organ types. Aberrant SPARC expression was found in a wide variety of human cancers, contributes to tumor development. Because SPARC was found to be overexpressed in human gastric cancer tissue, we therefore to explore the expression of SPARC in gastric cancer lines and the carcinogenic mechanisms.MethodsSPARC expression was evaluated in a panel of human gastric cancer cell lines. MGC803 and HGC 27 gastric cancer cell lines expressing high level of SPARC were transiently transfected with SPARC-specific small interfering RNAs and subsequently evaluated for effects on invasion and proliferation.ResultsSmall interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of SPARC in MGC803 and HGC 27 gastric cancer cells dramatically decreased their invasion. Knockdown of SPARC was also observed to significantly increase the apoptosis of MGC803 and HGC 27 gastric cancer cells compared with control transfected group.ConclusionsOur data showed that downregulating of SPARC inhibits invasion and growth of human gastric cancer cells. Thus, targeting of SPARC could be an effective therapeutic approach against gastric cancer.