bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning based brain tumour architecture for weight sharing optimization in federated learning
Authors: Onaizah Ameer N. , Xia Yuanqing , Obaid Ahmed J. , Hussain Khurram 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLarge amounts of data is necessary for deep learning models to semantically segment images. A major issue in the field of medical imaging is accumulating adequate data and then applying specialized skills to label those medical imaging data. Collaboration across institutions might be able to alleviate this problem, but sharing medical data to a centralized place is complicated due to legal, privacy, technical, and data ownership constraints, particularly among international institutions. By guaranteeing user privacy and preventing unauthorized access to raw data, Federated Learning plays a significant role especially in decentralized deep learning applications. Each client is given a unique learning process assignment. Clients first train a machine learning model locally using data from their area. Then, clients upload training data (local updates of model weights and biases) to a server. After that, the server compiles client‐provided updates to build a global learning model. Due to the numerous parameters (weights and biases) employed by deep learning models, the constant transmission between clients and the server raises communication costs and is inefficient from the standpoint of resource use. When there are more contributing clients and communication rounds, the cost of communication becomes a bigger concern. In this paper, a novel federated learning with weight sharing optimization compression architecture FedWSOcomp is proposed for cross institutional collaboration. In FedWSOcomp, the weights from deep learning models between clients and servers help in considerably reducing the amount of updates. Top‐z sparsification, quantization with clustering, and compression with three separate encoding techniques are all implemented by FedWSOcomp. Modern compression techniques are outperformed by FedWSOcomp, which achieves compression rates of up to 1085× while saving up to 99% of bandwidth and 99% of energy for clients during communication.
Exhaustion: Migrant mental health, gendered migration and workplace regime
Authors: Vianello Francesca Alice , Redini Veronica , Zaccagnini Federica 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article focuses on the mental health of female migrant workers in Italy. The multi‐method study involved a survey of 157 Moldovan migrant women employed in different jobs and 30 semi‐structured interviews with Moldovan female migrant domestic workers. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that Moldovan domestic workers are affected by poor mental health to a greater extent than Moldovan women employed in other jobs, and that the factors most associated with it were non‐standard working times and having migrated primarily for work reasons. Qualitative data showed how the strain resulting from demanding schedules was intertwined with being a single female labour migrant, whose experience was strongly marked by the gendered dimension of transnational motherhood and a loss of social status. The article concludes that the gendered migration regime and the gendered workplace regime constitute two intertwined and mutually reinforcing determinants of health.
Self‐perceived stigma in Chilean adolescents with intellectual disability
Authors: Tenorio Marcela , Arango Paulina , Aparicio Andrés , Reyes Consuelo , Ali Afia , Hassiotis Angela 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStigma is a form of negative social stereotype characterized by a lack of respect toward an individual or a group of people. It is defined as a personal attribute that triggers negative stereotypes, leading to adverse effects on the individuals concerned. This study aims to explore the self‐perceived stigma experienced by adolescents with intellectual disabilities in Chile. We explored self‐perceived stigma in 139 Chilean adolescents, using the Perceived Stigma of Intellectual Disability Scale, which was translated and adapted for the Chilean population as part of this project. We calculated total stigma scores as well as scores for various subscales. Additionally, we conducted analyses of variance, independent t tests, and chi‐square tests to identify differences in self‐stigma based on various sociodemographic factors. The total self‐perceived stigma score was relatively low among Chilean adolescents with intellectual disabilities compared to previously published reports from other countries. Some variations in reactions to discrimination were observed based on the type of schooling, particularly strong negative reactions associated with attending special schools. The low self‐perceived stigma reported by Chilean adolescents with intellectual disabilities may be attributed to social and cultural factors, as well as the availability of social opportunities and their intensity. Future studies should further investigate the impact of special schools on individuals with intellectual disabilities in Chile.
The daily reciprocal associations between electroencephalography measured sleep and affect
Authors: Boon Merel Elise , Esfahani Mahdad Jafarzadeh , Vink Jacqueline M. , Geurts Sabine A. E. , van Hooff Madelon L. M. 
Published: June 2024

SummarySelf‐report studies show that sleep and positive and negative affect are closely and bidirectionally linked. However, studies assessing sleep objectively yield more inconsistent results. This study assessed the reciprocal, daily relationship between sleep as measured with electroencephalography (EEG) and affect (measured in the evening) in a natural setting. We assessed sleep both on the macrolevel (i.e., rapid eye movement [REM] sleep and slow‐wave sleep [SWS] duration) and on the microlevel (i.e., REM sleep fragmentation). In this study, 33 participants (i.e., healthy college students, mean [standard deviation] age 21.55 [3.73] years, 67% female) were followed for 2 weeks. Each participant wore an EEG headband for 15 nights and had polysomnography during 3 of the 15 nights providing 72 analysable nights of polysomnography and 271 analysable nights with the EEG headband. Every evening participants reported their momentary negative and positive affect. We examined the relationship between pre‐sleep affect and the sleep variables, as well as the reverse relationship, with sleep variables predicting evening affect the next day. We detected that higher negative affect in the evening was related to more fragmented REM sleep. However, this result was only found with polysomnography and not with the EEG headband. No significant associations were found between affect and time spent in REM sleep and SWS. Overall, no support was found for the reciprocal association between negative and positive affect and EEG measured sleep. Only limited support was found for an association in one direction (i.e., evening negative affect was associated with more REM sleep fragmentation at night).
Affective economies in crowdfunding for cancer
Authors: Lincoln Martha , Kramer Sasha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCancer patients and survivors in the United States are increasingly likely to use online crowdfunding as a means of offsetting the expenses associated with their medical care. This practice of making an online appeal for support to a broad public audience constitutes an inadvertent form of informal emotional labor for its practitioners—labor in which striking the right affective notes in one's appeal is believed to be critical to fundraising outcomes. Drawing on ethnographic interviews, we suggest that crowdfunding produces an array of complex, often contradictory sentiments and narrative incentives for cancer patients and survivors—ultimately transforming the experience of serious illness.
Maintenance of a narrow hybrid zone between native and introduced red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) despite conspecificity and high dispersal capabilities
Authors: Preckler‐Quisquater Sophie , Quinn Cate B. , Sacks Benjamin N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHuman‐facilitated introductions of nonnative populations can lead to secondary contact between allopatric lineages, resulting in lineage homogenisation or the formation of stable hybrid zones maintained by reproductive barriers. We investigated patterns of gene flow between the native Sacramento Valley red fox (Vulpes vulpes patwin) and introduced conspecifics of captive‐bred origin in California's Central Valley. Considering their recent divergence (20–70 kya), we hypothesised that any observed barriers to gene flow were primarily driven by pre‐zygotic (e.g. behavioural differences) rather than post‐zygotic (e.g. reduced hybrid fitness) barriers. We also explored whether nonnative genes could confer higher fitness in the human‐dominated landscape resulting in selective introgression into the native population. Genetic analysis of red foxes (n = 682) at both mitochondrial (cytochrome b + D‐loop) and nuclear (19,051 SNPs) loci revealed narrower cline widths than expected under a simulated model of unrestricted gene flow, consistent with the existence of reproductive barriers. We identified several loci with reduced introgression that were previously linked to behavioural divergence in captive‐bred and domestic canids, supporting pre‐zygotic, yet possibly hereditary, barriers as a mechanism driving the narrowness and stability of the hybrid zone. Several loci with elevated gene flow from the nonnative into the native population were linked to genes associated with domestication and adaptation to human‐dominated landscapes. This study contributes to our understanding of hybridisation dynamics in vertebrates, particularly in the context of species introductions and landscape changes, underscoring the importance of considering how multiple mechanisms may be maintaining lineages at the species and subspecies level.
Seasonal variation in the relationship between leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity
Authors: Yu Liyao , Luo Xiangzhong , Croft Holly , Rogers Cheryl A. , Chen Jing M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAccurate estimation of photosynthesis is crucial for ecosystem carbon cycle modelling. Previous studies have established an empirical relationship between photosynthetic capacity (maximum carboxylation rate, Vcmax; maximum electron transport rate, Jmax) and leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content to infer global photosynthetic capacity. However, the basis for the Chl‐Vcmax relationship remains unclear, which is further evidenced by the temporal variations in the Chl‐Vcmax relationship. Using multiple years of observations of four deciduous tree species, we found that Vcmax and Jmax acclimate to photosynthetically active radiation faster (4–8 weeks) than Chl (10–12 weeks). This mismatch in temporal scales causes seasonality in the Vcmax‐Chl relationship. To account for the mismatch, we used a Chl fluorescence parameter (quantum yield of Photosystem II, Φ(II)) to tighten the relationship and found Φ(II) × Chl correlated with Vcmax and Jmax (r2 = 0.74 and 0.72 respectively) better than only Chl (r2 = 0.7 and 0.6 respectively). It indicates that Φ(II) accounts for the short‐term adjustment of leaf photosynthetic capacity to light, which was not captured by Chl. Our study advances our understanding of the ecophysiological basis for the empirical Vcmax‐Chl relationship and how to better infer Vcmax from Chl and fluorescence, which guides large‐scale photosynthesis simulations using remote sensing.
Why better safe than sensitive
Authors: Zhao Haicheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne interesting and potentially attractive feature of the sensitivity account of knowledge is that it not only preserves knowledge of ordinary propositions, but also concedes the skeptic's intuition that we do not know skeptical hypotheses do not obtain. This paper challenges the sensitivity‐based reply to the skeptic, advocated by Robert Nozick, among others. Sensitivity generates an implausibly bizarre result that although we do not know we are not brains in vats (because a belief to this effect is insensitive), a real BIV who is in a much worse epistemic situation can sensitively believe that it is not in the good case. This result reveals a fundamental problem with the sensitivity conditional: its antecedent is not suitable for picking out possibilities that are relevant for our epistemic evaluation. I then offer a systematic explanation of why it is the safety account—the main competitor of sensitivity—that picks out a more suitable set of possibilities. A consequence of this comparison is that the safety account delivers an overall more satisfying reply to the skeptic than sensitivity does.
Left and right ideological orientations as intragroup strategies of cultural preservation and promotion
Authors: Reyna Christine , Vazquez Kaelan , Vazquez Miguel , Eadeh Fade , Harris Kara 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSocial and political psychologists have focused on how liberals and conservatives differ from one another and have developed a vast literature on individual differences and fixed attributes that distinguish ideological groups. However, ideological orientations might be more contextual and flexible than what is often portrayed in research. We present a novel look at ideological variability as an intragroup phenomenon that makes liberals and conservatives nuanced, heterogeneous, and more similar to one another—important perspectives for reducing ideological stereotyping and polarization. In this paper, we review patterns showing ideological variability and overlap in thinking, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors across the lifespan, geographical regions, status groups, and diverse cultures around the world. By understanding the social psychological and situational factors associated with intragroup variability in ideology, we can develop more culturally inclusive models of ideology and map out better solutions to polarization.
Neuronal and hormonal control of Ca2+ signalling in exocrine glands: insight from in vivo studies
Authors: Takano Takahiro , Yule David I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFluid and enzyme secretion from exocrine glands is initiated by Ca2+ signalling in acinar cells and is activated by external neural or hormonal signals. A wealth of information has been derived from studies in acutely isolated exocrine cells but Ca2+ signalling has until recently not been studied in undisrupted intact tissue in live mice. Our in vivo observations using animals expressing genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators in specific cell types in exocrine glands revealed both similarities to and differences from the spatiotemporal characteristics previously reported in isolated cells. These in vivo studies facilitate further understanding of how both neuronal and hormonal input shapes Ca2+ signalling events in a physiological setting and how these signals are translated into the stimulation of fluid secretion and exocytosis.
image
Complete genome sequence of a
Pseudomonas fluorescens
bacteriophage UNO-G1W1 isolated from freshwater ice in Nebraska
Authors: Schulze Thomas T. , Neville Andrew J. , Watson Gabrielle F. , Sanford Austin G. , Won Harim I. , Conrin Mackenzie E. , Eastman Connor G. , Lui LeeAnna M. , Alizai M. Yunos , Walters Matthias J. , Davis Paul H. , Tapprich William E. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

We provide the complete genome sequence for a novel
Pseudomonas fluorescens
bacteriophage named UNO-G1W1. This phage was isolated from a single ice cover sampling. The genome was sequenced on the Nanopore MinION, generated with the direct terminal repeat-phage-pipeline and polished with Illumina short reads. Sequence identity classifies the phage as an
otagovirus
.
High-quality draft genome sequence of
Paenibacillus
sp. RC80, a candidate for biofuel production
Authors: Rizzo Gabriella , Choudoir Mallory , Simoes Rachel , Dayarathne Nipuni , DeAngelis Kristen M. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Paenibacillus
sp. RC80 was isolated from temperate deciduous forest soil in New England. The assembled genome is a single contig with 5,977,337 bp and 97.15% estimated completion. RC80 contains features for 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase production and pathways involved in ethanol production.
Impact of physiotherapy access on health-related quality of life following hip fracture: an observational study on 30 752 hip fractures from the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register 2014–2018
Authors: Kjærvik Cato , Gjertsen Jan-Erik , Stensland Eva , Uleberg Bård , Taraldsen Kristin , Søreide Odd 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of patients receiving private community physiotherapy (PT) the first year after a hip fracture. Second, to determine whether utilisation of PT could improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodsIn an observational cohort study, 30 752 hip fractures from the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register were linked with data from Statistics Norway and the Norwegian Control and Payment of Health Reimbursements Database. Association between covariates and utilisation of PT in the first year after fracture, the association between covariates and EQ-5D index score and the probability of experiencing ‘no problems’ in the five dimensions of the EQ-5D were assessed with multiple logistic regression models.ResultsMedian age was 81 years, and 68.4% were females. Most patients with hip fracture (57.7%) were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists classes 3–5, lived alone (52.4%), and had a low or medium level of education (85.7%). In the first year after injury, 10 838 of 30 752 patients with hip fracture (35.2%) received PT. Lower socioeconomic status (measured by income and level of education), male sex, increasing comorbidity, presence of cognitive impairment and increasing age led to a lower probability of receiving postoperative PT. Among those who used PT, EQ-5D index score was 0.061 points (p<0.001) higher than those who did not. Correspondingly, the probability of having ‘no problems’ in three of the five dimensions of EQ-5D was greater.ConclusionsA minority of the patients with hip fracture had access to private PT the first year after injury. This may indicate a shortcoming in the provision of beneficial post-surgery rehabilitative care reducing post-treatment HRQoL. The findings underscore the need for healthcare policies that address disparities in PT access, particularly for elderly patients, those with comorbidities and reduced health, and those with lower socioeconomic status.
Quantifying the costs of hospital admission for families of children with a febrile illness in the North East of England
Authors: van der Velden Fabian Johannes Stanislaus , Lim Emma , Smith Holly , Walsh Rebecca , Emonts Marieke 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the financial non-medical out-of-pocket costs of hospital admissions for children with a febrile illness.DesignSingle-centre survey-based study conducted between March and November 2022.SettingTertiary level children’s hospital in the North East of England.ParticipantsFamilies of patients with febrile illness attending the paediatric emergency departmentMain outcome measuresNon-medical out-of-pocket costs for the admission were estimated by participants including: transport, food and drinks, child care, miscellaneous costs and loss of earnings.Results83 families completed the survey. 79 families (95.2%) reported non-medical out-of-pocket costs and 19 (22.9%) reported financial hardship following their child’s admission.Total costs per day of admission were median £56.25 (IQR £32.10–157.25). The majority of families reported incurring transport (N=75) and food and drinks (N=71) costs.ConclusionsA child’s hospital admission for fever can incur significant financial costs for their family. One in five participating families reported financial hardship following their child’s admission. Self-employed and single parents were disadvantaged by unplanned hospital admissions and at an increased risk of financial hardship. Local hospital policies should be improved to support families in the current financial climate.
Long-term prognosis of low high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in the emergency department compared with the general population
Authors: Cyon Love , Kadesjö Erik , Edgren Gustaf , Roos Andreas 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundLong-term prognosis associated with low–high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) concentrations in patients with chest pain is unknown. We investigated these prognostic implications compared with the general population.MethodsAll first visits to seven emergency departments (ED)s in Sweden were included from 9 December 2010 to 31 August, 2017 by patients presenting with chest pain and at least one hs-cTnT measured. Patients with myocardial injury (any hs-cTnT >14 ng/L), including patients with myocardial infarction (MI) were excluded. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated as the ratio of the number of observed to expected events. The expected number was computed by multiplying the 1-year calendar period-specific, age-specific and sex-specific follow-up time in the cohort with the corresponding incidence in the general population. HRs were calculated for all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as acute MI, heart failure hospitalisation, cerebrovascular stroke or cardiovascular death, between patients with undetectable (<5 ng/L) and low (5–14 ng/L) hs-cTnT.ResultsA total of 1 11 916 patients were included, of whom 69 090 (62%) and 42 826 (38%) had peak hs-cTnT concentrations of <5 and 5–14 ng/L. Patients with undetectable peak hs-cTnT had a lower mortality risk compared with the general Swedish population (SMR 0.83, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.87), with lower risks observed in all patients ≥65 years of age, but a slightly higher risk of being diagnosed with a future MI (SIR 1.39, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.47). The adjusted risk of a first MACE associated with low versus undetectable peak hs-cTnT was 1.6-fold (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.53 to 1.70).ConclusionPatients with chest pain and undetectable hs-cTnT have an overall lower risk of death compared with the general population, with risks being highly age dependent. Detectable hs-cTnT concentrations are still associated with increased long-term cardiovascular risks.
Evaluating health-related behaviours of armed forces personnel in Kuwait: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alkhezi Eiman 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionEvidence is lacking regarding the health-related behaviours of the military force in Kuwait. This study compared health-related behaviours of active-duty armed forces personnel according to their service branch and rank.MethodsIn this cross-sectional descriptive study, an online questionnaire was developed to collect, via text messages, anonymised data from 392 armed forces personnel on their sociodemographics, health status, smoking, physical activity and desire for mental healthcare.ResultsMost of the participants were non-officers (80.35%) from ‘other’ service branch (48.10%), had ≤10 years of military service (64.46%) and were Kuwaitis (79.97%) aged 18–39 years (77.62%) and rated their physical and mental health as ‘good’, with no chronic diseases (93.28%), although 53.13% were overweight and 8.55% were obese, and the prevalence of obesity increased with age. The survey revealed a high prevalence of physical inactivity (65.48%), which increased with age as well as a high prevalence of smoking (82.66%). Almost half of the respondents (46.21%) believed that seeking mental health help could probably damage their military career, this belief significantly increased with age.ConclusionAlthough most of the Kuwaiti armed forces personnel reported having ‘good’ physical and mental health, with no chronic diseases, there was a high prevalence among them of overweight, smoking and low physical activity levels, with no difference between service branches or ranks. Moreover, the stigma of having mental health problems and the fear of the negative effects of seeking mental healthcare on a career were prevalent among the participants. These data are helpful in informing policy and development programmes that meet the needs of armed forces personnel.