bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of CYP3A5 polymorphism on tacrolimus maintenance doses and serum levels after renal transplantation: Age dependency and pharmacological interaction with steroids
Authors: Ferraris Jorge R. , Argibay Pablo F. , Costa Lucas , Jimenez Graciela , Coccia Paula A. , Ghezzi Lidia F. R. , Ferraris Verónica , Belloso Waldo H. , Redal María A. , Larriba Julián M. 
Published: June 2011

Ferraris JR, Argibay PF, Costa L, Jimenez G, Coccia PA, Ghezzi LFR, Ferraris V, Belloso WH, Redal MA, Larriba JM. Influence of CYP3A5 polymorphism on tacrolimus maintenance doses and serum levels after renal transplantation: Age dependency and pharmacological interaction with steroids.  Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 525–532. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  TAC, MMF and MP are used in pediatric kidney tx. The cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A5 enzyme appears to play a role in TAC metabolism. The aims of this study were to investigate CYP3A5 polymorphism’s effect on TAC dosing and the age dependency of TAC dosing by testing blood concentrations, and the interaction between steroids and TAC during the first year after tx. Genomic DNA was extracted and amplified with specific primers. CYP3A5 alleles were confirmed by direct sequencing of PCR products on an automated AB13100 capillary sequencer. We studied 48 renal transplant patients (age at tx 12 ± 0.5 yr, 22 boys) receiving TAC, MMF, MP. Of these, 79% were CYP3A5*3/*3 (non‐expressers homozygotes) and 21% were CYP3A5*1/*3 (expressers). TAC trough levels were 7.1 ± 0.4 ng/mL in CYP3A5*3/*3 patients and 6.5 ± 0.7 ng/mL in CYP3A5*1/*3 group (p = 0.03). CYP3A5*1/*3 patients had lower levels of dose‐adjusted TAC (36.7 ± 5.8 ng/mL/mg/kg/day) to achieve target blood concentration and required higher daily dose per weight (0.21 ± 0.03 mg/kg/day) than CYP3A5*3/*3 patients, 72.4 ± 8.0 ng/mL/mg/kg/day and 0.13 ± 0.01 mg/kg/day (p < 0.001). Prepubertal patients with different CYP3A5 polymorphisms required significant higher TAC doses and achieved lower dose‐normalized concentration compared with pubertal patients. Both TAC dose and adjusted‐dose correlated with daily MP dose in CYP3A5*1*3 (r: 0.4, p < 0.03 and r: 0.4, p < 0.03) and in CYP3A5*3*3 (r: 0.6, p < 0.01 and r: 0.47, p < 0.001) patients. CYP3A5 polymorphism performed before tx could contribute to a better individualization of TAC therapy. The higher TAC dose in prepubertal patients and the pharmacological interactions between MP and TAC may not be fully explained by different CYP3A5 polymorphisms.
Evolution of the YABBY gene family with emphasis on the basal eudicot Eschscholzia californica (Papaveraceae)
Authors: Bartholmes C. , Hidalgo O. , Gleissberg S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractYABBY genes are seed plant‐specific transcriptional regulators that are involved in diverse aspects of leaf, shoot and flower development. A series of duplications gave rise to five gene groups found throughout flowering plants. In Arabidopsis and other species, expression of two gene groups, CRABS CLAW and INNER NO OUTER, is restricted to floral organs. In contrast, members of the FILAMENTOUS FLOWER, YABBY2 and YABBY5 gene groups are also expressed in leaves and have been termed ‘vegetative YABBYs’. How the five paralogue groups evolved and how their expression and function diversified have remained largely unresolved, precluding a reconstruction of the natural history of this gene family. Here, we report new genes from Eschscholzia californica (Ranunculales, Papaveraceae) that we use together with currently available database sequences in a comprehensive phylogenetic re‐evaluation of the YABBY gene family. Multilayered Bayesian analysis covering seed plants allowed us to locate Eschscholzia YABBY sequences within the gene family phylogeny. We established that vegetative YABBYs do not form a monophyletic clade, and that CRABS CLAW and FILAMENTOUS FLOWER arose from a common ancestor gene. INNER NO OUTER genes are sister to that ancestral gene. We identified several conserved motifs outside of known amino acid domains that define all five angiosperm YABBY gene clades. Further, we inferred the evolution of gene expression and provide evidence for release of purifying constraint in certain branches of the gene family tree. Finally, we report expression patterns for five Eschscholzia YABBY genes consistent with functional conservation between early‐diverged and core eudicots.
Polymorphisms in genes of the somatotrophic axis are independently associated with milk production, udder health, survival and animal size in Holstein‐Friesian dairy cattle
Authors: Waters S.M. , Berry D.P. , Mullen M.P. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThe somatotrophic axis consisting of pituitary‐derived growth hormone and circulating insulin‐like growth factor 1 has been well established as key regulators of animal health, metabolism, lactation, fertility, body composition and growth rate. The aim of this study was to simultaneously quantify the associations between SNPs in candidate genes of the somatotrophic axis (i.e., IGF‐1, GH1 and GHR) with performance traits in Holstein‐Friesian (HF) dairy cattle. Both novel SNPs identified previously by this group alongside other published SNPs within these genes were analysed for associations with performance in dairy cattle. Multiple regression analyses regressing genetic merit of up to 848 HF sires on novel SNPs (n = 76) and published SNPs (n = 33) were undertaken using weighted animal mixed linear models. Twenty‐three SNPs were significantly associated with at least one of 18 traits analysed and involved in milk production, udder health, fertility and growth. Eight traits including milk fat composition, carcass conformation, stature, chest width, body depth, rump width, carcass and cull cow weight were independently associated with SNPs in two genes. Furthermore, for several traits including milk fat yield, somatic cell count, survival and carcass fat, SNPs in all three genes were independently associated with performance. Milk fat yield and carcass fat showed the highest number of independent associations across all three genes with five SNPs associated with both traits. The cumulative effects of the favourable alleles of all five SNPs across GH1, GHR and IGF‐1 result in an increase of 5.9 kg and 28.6 units of milk fat and carcass fat, respectively. Cow survival was associated with a single SNP in each of the three genes with a cumulative allele effect of 1.5%. Independent effects of polymorphisms in GH1, GHR and IGF‐1 reinforce the central role of the somatotrophic axis on animal development and performance.
Influence of diet on calcium metabolism, tissue calcification and urinary sludge in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)*
Authors: Clauss M. , Burger B. , Liesegang A. , Del Chicca F. , Kaufmann‐Bart M. , Riond B. , Hässig M. , Hatt J.‐M. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryRabbits absorb more calcium (Ca) from their diet than they require, and excrete surplus via urine, which therefore contains a typical ‘sludge’. This makes rabbits susceptible to Ca‐containing uroliths. But given the Ca content of diets of free‐ranging specimens, and the limited reports of urinary sludge and Ca contents in free‐ranging lagomorphs, we can suspect that rabbits are naturally adapted to high urinary Ca loads. We fed four groups of New Zealand hybrid rabbits [n = 28, age at start 5–6 weeks) pelleted diets consisting of lucerne hay only (L, Ca 2.32% dry matter (DM)], lucerne:oats 1:1 (LG, Ca 1.36%), grass hay only (G, Ca 1.04%), or grass:oats 1:1 (GG, 0.83%) for 25 weeks, with water available ad libitum. Diets were not supplemented with Ca, phosphorus, or vitamin D. Rabbits on diets LG and GG had lower food and water intakes, lower faeces and urine output, grew faster and had higher body mass at slaughter (mainly attributable to adipose tissue). Apparent Ca digestibility decreased in the order L–LG–G/GG. Rabbits on L had larger and heavier kidneys, more urinary sediment at sonography, and a higher urinary Ca content than the other groups. No animal showed signs of urolithiasis/calcinosis at X‐ray, sonography, or gross pathology. Kidney/aorta histology only sporadically indicated Ca deposits, with no systematic difference between groups. Under the conditions of the experiment, dietary Ca loads in legume hay do not appear problematic for rabbits, and other factors, such as water supply and level of activity may be important contributors to urolithiasis development in veterinary patients. However, due to the lower Ca content of grass hay, the significantly lower degree of urinary sludge formation, and the significantly higher water intake related with grass hay feeding, grass hay‐dominated diets are to be recommended for rabbits in which urolithiasis prevention is an issue.
Genetic variability of root peel thickness and its influence in extractable starch from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots
Authors: Pérez Juan C. , Lenis Jorge I. , Calle Fernando , Morante Nelson , Sánchez Teresa , Debouck Daniel , Ceballos Hernan 
Published: June 2011

With 4 figures and 5 tablesAbstractCassava roots are the most important commercial product from this crop. Roots have two major components: the starchy parenchyma and the peel with higher amount of fibre and cyanogenic glucosides. In this study, a sample of 64 clones grown in replicated trials in five locations were evaluated for peel thickness (PT) that ranged from 1.48 to 2.55 mm. Roots from a sample of 33 of these clones were further analysed for the amount of extractable starch. Broad sense heritability for PT was high (0.93) compared with that for yield (0.63). The values obtained demonstrate that there is a very strong genetic component in the expression of PT. Extractable starch depended heavily on dry matter content but also on PT. In an additional evaluation, 1448 accessions from the germplasm collection were evaluated for PT and showed a wide range of variation (from 0.79 to 5.14 mm).
Evaluation of Reproductive Tract Infection During Early Post‐Partum Period and Its Relationship with Subsequent Reproductive Performance in High Milk Producing Dairy Cows
Authors: Senosy W , Uchiza M , Tameoka N , Izaike Y , Osawa T 
Published: June 2011

ContentsClinically normal Holstein‐Friesian cows (n = 43) were used to establish a relationship between the evaluations of the uterine condition by vaginoscopy, Metricheck, endometrial cytology (EC) and ultrasonography (US) during post‐partum period (pp), and subsequent reproductive performance. The uterine status of the selected cows was evaluated by EC, Metricheck, US and vaginoscopy on a weekly basis from the third week (W3) to the seventh week (W7) pp. The animals were bred after a voluntary waiting period of 45–60 days pp and diagnosed for pregnancy status at 45 days after breeding by US. First service conception rate (FSCR) of bred animals was 32.6% (14/43). There was no significant difference in polymorphonuclear leucocyte percentage between conceived and non‐conceived cows during different weeks post‐partum. First service conception rate in animals with normal vaginal discharge as detected by Metricheck was significantly low when compared to those of abnormal discharge during W3 (2.3% vs 30.3%; p < 0.001) and W4 (4.7% vs 29.7%; p < 0.01) post‐partum. Using US, the number of pregnant cows having fluid in uterus (FIU) during W6 (p < 0.01) and W7 (p < 0.001) post‐partum was significantly lower (2/34, 4.7% and 1/43, 2.3%, respectively) than those that had no FIU (12/43, 27.9% and 13/43, 30.3%, respectively). Using vaginoscopy, FSCR in animals having abnormal discharge was significantly (p < 0.01) low when compared to that of normal discharge (2.4% vs 30.2%) during W5 and W6 post‐partum. In conclusion, Metricheck during W3 and W4 and detection of FIU by US and vaginoscopy during W6 and W7 pp can be used as good predictive tools to anticipate the future reproductive performance of dairy cattle.
Cutting edge technologies in respiratory research: Lung function testing
Authors: KING GREGORY G. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTPulmonary function testing is part of routine clinical practice in respiratory medicine. It is based around spirometry, which will remain the central measurement of lung function given its prognostic significance and its integral role in defining severity of airways disease. However, there is an increasing body of evidence from studies using new methods of lung function measurement which are providing new insights into pathophysiology of disease. This body of data is forming a basis for their future clinical role, once the economics of producing the relevant devices becomes attractive. The forced oscillation technique and multiple breath nitrogen washout are currently the most commonly used of the newer lung function techniques, which are refinements of long‐established techniques. Optical coherence tomography, optical reflection, electrical impedance and vibration response imaging have arisen by development of novel devices. The recent use of these techniques is reviewed.
Chronic cough and esomeprazole: A double‐blind placebo‐controlled parallel study
Authors: FARUQI SHOAIB , MOLYNEUX IAN D. , FATHI HOSNIEH , WRIGHT CAROLINE , THOMPSON RACHAEL , MORICE ALYN H. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Gastro‐oesophageal reflux has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic cough. Guidelines on management suggest a therapeutic trial of anti‐reflux medication. Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor licensed for the long‐term treatment of acid reflux in adults and we compared the effects of esomeprazole and placebo on patients with chronic cough.Methods:  This was a prospective, single‐centre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group study conducted over 8 weeks. Fifty adult non‐smokers with chronic cough and normal spirometry were randomized. Patients completed cough‐related quality‐of‐life and symptom questionnaires and subjective scores of cough frequency and severity at the beginning and end of the study. They also kept a daily diary of symptom scores. Citric acid cough challenge and laryngoscopic examination were performed at baseline and the end of the study. The primary outcome was improvement in cough score.Results:  There were no differences in cough scores in the placebo and treatment arms of the study although some significant improvements were noted when compared to baseline. In the cough diary scores there was a trend towards greater improvement in the treatment arm in patients with dyspepsia.Conclusions:  Esomeprazole did not have a clinically important effect greater than placebo in patients with cough. It suggests a marked placebo effect in the treatment of cough.
Increased urethral resistance by periurethral injection of low serum cultured adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells in rats
Authors: Watanabe Tatsuhito , Maruyama Shoichi , Yamamoto Tokunori , Kamo Izumi , Yasuda Kaoru , Saka Yosuke , Ozaki Takenori , Yuzawa Yukio , Matsuo Seiichi , Gotoh Momokazu 
Published: June 2011

Objectives:  To evaluate the effects of a periurethral injection of low serum cultured adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (LASC) and to develop a new autologous cell therapy for stress urinary incontinence.Methods:  F344 rats were divided into three groups as based on the periurethral injection of LASC, GAX collagen or vehicle (control). At 2 and 4 weeks after injection, leak point pressure (LPP) was measured before and after transection of the pelvic nerves. For cell tracking, LASC of green fluorescent protein transgenic rats were injected into nude rats.Results:  At 2 weeks, both the LASC and collagen groups showed significantly higher LPP than the control group. At 4 weeks, the increase in LPP in the LASC group remained, whereas LPP in the collagen group decreased to baseline levels. In the absence of the urethral closure reflex after transection of the pelvic nerves, LPP in the LASC group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. Histologically, the size of the urethral lumen was smaller in the LASC group than the collagen group. At 4 weeks, most of the LASC were positive for myogenic antigens including α‐smooth muscle actin, desmin and calponin I.Conclusions:  Periurethral injection of autologous LASC capable of myogenic differentiation made a greater contribution to the increase in urethral resistance than did the conventional collagen bulk injection. Thus, its use for treatment of stress urinary incontinence can be postulated.
Efficacy of selective α1A adrenoceptor antagonist silodosin in the medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones
Authors: Itoh Yasunori , Okada Atsushi , Yasui Takahiro , Hamamoto Shuzo , Hirose Masahito , Kojima Yoshiyuki , Tozawa Keiichi , Sasaki Shoichi , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRecently, we reported that α1A adrenoceptor (AR) is the main participant in phenylephrine‐induced human ureteral contraction. We therefore decided to carry out a prospective randomized study to evaluate the effects of silodosin, a selective α1A AR antagonist, as a medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones. A total of 187 male patients, who were referred to our department for the management of symptomatic unilateral ureteral calculi of less than 10 mm, were randomly divided into two groups: group A (92 patients), who were instructed to drink 2 L of water daily, and group B (95 patients), who received the same instruction and were also given silodosin (8 mg/daily) for a maximum of 8 weeks. Expulsion rate, mean expulsion time and need for analgesics were examined. Overall, the mean expulsion time was 15.19 ± 7.14 days for group A and 10.27 ± 8.35 days for group B (P = 0.0058). In cases involving distal ureteral stones, the mean expulsion time was 13.40 ± 5.90 and 9.29 ± 5.91 days, respectively (P = 0.012). For stones of 1–5 mm in diameter, the mean expulsion time was 14.28 ± 6.35 and 9.56 ± 8.45 days, respectively (P = 0.017). For stones of 6–9 mm in diameter, the stone expulsion rate was 30.4% and 52.2% (P = 0.036), and the mean expulsion time was 21.00 ± 9.9 and 11.33 ± 8.31 days, respectively (P = 0.038). Herein, we report the first on silodosin in the management of ureteral lithiasis. Our findings suggest that silodosin might have potential as a medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones.
Phakic anterior chamber lenses in very high myopia: an 18‐month follow up
Authors: Akcay Levent , Eser Ilker , Kaplan Aysin T , Taskiran‐Comez Arzu , Dogan Omer K 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:  To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of two different foldable anterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses for high myopia.Design:  A prospective interventional case series at the Eye Clinic, Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.Participants:  Sixty‐two eyes of 31 patients received iris‐claw lens (group 1) (Artiflex AC 401, Ophtec), and 43 eyes of 22 patients received angle‐supported lens (group 2) (I‐Care, Corneal).Methods:  The mean preoperative spherical equivalents for group 1 and group 2 were −12.13 D and −18.95 D, respectively. Endothelial cell density was measured at day 1 and at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months for follow ups.Main Outcome Measures:  Percentage change in endothelial cell density and improvement in visual acuity.Results:  At the 18‐months follow up, uncorrected visual acuity improved to logMAR 0.37 ±  0.23 from 1.60 ± 0.10 in group 1, and logMAR 0.47 ± 0.14 from 0.70 ± 0.20 in group 2; best spectacle corrected visual acuity improved to logMAR 0.23 ± 0.22 from logMAR 0.36 ± 0.14) in group 1, and logMAR 0.29 ± 0.18 from logMAR 0.50 ± 0.20) in group 2 (P < 0.001, in both groups). Mean decreased endothelial cell density was 241 cells/mm2 (8.61%) and 223 cells/mm2 (8.42%) at 18 months follow up in group 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.17) but significant in comparison to preoperative values for both groups (P < 0.001).Conclusions:  Although both iris‐claw and angle‐supported lenses offer good refractive outcomes significant endothelial cell density was observed at 18 months follow up.
Evaluation of the difference between intended and measured ablation and its impact on refractive outcomes of the wavefront optimize profile and the S001 Wellington nomogram in myopic spherocylindrical corrections
Authors: Labiris Georgios , Sideroudi Haris , Giarmoukakis Athanassios , Koukoula Stavrenia , Pagonis Georgios , Kozobolis Vassilios P 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:  To evaluate the level of agreement between intended and measured ablation of the wavefront optimize profile corrected by the Wellington nomogram in myopic spherocylindrical corrections and assess its impact on refractive outcomes.Design:  Prospective, university–institute setting.Participants:  Eighty‐six participants (86 eyes for photorefractive keratectomy group) and 86 participants (86 eyes for laser in situ keratomileusis group) recruited in a consecutive‐if –eligible basis.Methods:  Differences between intended and measured ablation were evaluated with Scheimpflug camera. Refractive outcomes were evaluated by means of postoperative spherical equivalent, postoperative defocus equivalent, contrast sensitivity, correction index, difference vector and index of success.Main Outcome Measures:  Correlation of visual outcomes with intended ablation.Results:  Both groups demonstrated significant over‐ablations (16.7 ± 8.5, P < 0.001 & 11.8 ± 18.5, P < 0.001, respectively). Intended ablation was the primary determinant of the measured difference (r‐square 0.769 & 0.765, respectively). Photorefractive keratectomy corrections over 100 µ had significant impact on postoperative spherical equivalent, postoperative defocus equivalent, correction index, difference vector and index of success (P = 0.044, P = 0.05, P = 0.019, P = 0.016, P = 0.006, respectively), but laser in situ keratomileusis corrections over 100 µ had significant impact only on postoperative defocus equivalent, difference vector and index of success (P = 0.04, P = 0.05).Conclusions:  The results suggest that the wavefront optimize profile seems to over‐ablate corneal tissue both in photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis. Over‐ablation exerts significant impact on refractive outcomes only in high spherocylindrical corrections.
Critical tooth number without subjective dysphagia
Authors: Fukai Kakuhiro , Takiguchi Toru , Ando Yuichi , Aoyama Hitoshi , Miyakawa Youko , Ito Gakuji , Inoue Masakazu , Sasaki Hidetada 
Published: June 2011

Aim:  To assess the critical tooth number (CTN) required for prevention of subjective dysphagia caused by oral impairments and to evaluate the relationship between this CTN and mortality.Methods:  The baseline study was performed with residents aged 40–89 years (n = 5 643; 2224 men and 3419 women) in Miyako Islands, Okinawa, in 1987. Dental examinations were performed by dentists, and subjective dysphagia was asked. We recorded the cause and year of death of participants who died during the next 15 years.Results:  The average functional tooth number of participants with and without subjective dysphagia declined with age in both sexes. The CTN for each respective age group (40s, 50s, 60s, 70s and 80s) not including the denture group were 20.0, 17.5, 14.0, 11.8 and 10.1 in men and 19.0, 14.7, 12.7, 9.5 and 4.0 in women. These CTN were significant factors of 15‐year mortality in both sexes (P < 0.05). The hazard ratios were 0.72 (95% confidence interval = 0.55–0.93) in men and 0.71 (0.51–0.99) in women.Conclusion:  In aged people, the minimum number of functional teeth needed to avoid subjective dysphagia might not be as high as in young people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 11: 482–487.