bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family stories as mechanisms of evolutionary guidance
Authors: Frantz Tad Goguen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFamilies have been functioning as systems of evolutionary guidance for themselves and their individual members since at least as far back as the hunter‐gatherer societies. Stories told by mothers to soothe their children have come down to us through the generations by means of the oral tradition. Bettleheim[4] detailed the power of such stories, our modern fairy tales, to assist young children with their psychosocial development, thus serving as mechanisms of evolutionary guidance for individuals. Bowen's[5] family systems theory delineates how families constrain or guide their own evolution by means of powerful and automatic patterns of emotional reactivity that are passed from generation to generation. Elizabeth Stone[9] has described how the stories families tell about themselves, the world and their relationship to it shape a family's organization, values, collective experience and identity, as well as the roles to be played out by individuals. This scholarly and clinical work is integrated and placed within the framework of Banathy's[2,3] notions about evolutionary guidance systems to suggest that the conscious collecting, sharing and recording of family lore (memories and myths family members tell about themselves) can promote individual and familial identity in addition to mental and social health. Family stories are thus conceptualized as powerful mechanisms of familial evolution and wellness.
Freedom and limits the fundamental theorem of system structure
Authors: Hollebone Bryan R. , Hough Robbin R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn general, stable systems consist of particles whose motion is bound within the limits set by a confining influence. Any such system obeys six empirical laws of nature which together form the fundamental theorem of system structure. On any scale, this theorem defines the states that result from a rigid coupling of a particles position to its direction and speed. As they travel, the particles in any system periodically exchange kinetic for potential energy as they travel their allowed pathway of motion. Consider, for example, the pendulum whose potential energy is maximized at each end of its swing while its kinetic energy is maximized at the bottom of its swing. The most basic description of the shape of the particle's pathway is its representation within the space of the confining influence. The resulting dynamic geometries of particle states, the process of change between the states and the processes necessary to alter the system itself can all be described. Subsequently, the description of the particles and their confining influence permits the application of the theorem to any local system.
Specialization and socialization in hearing health care: Audiology
Authors: Robinson D. O. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe reciprocal proportions of socialism and specialization in the health care system should promote the effective delivery of treatment. This paper presents a brief history of specialization in medicine, and considers typical problems in the delivery of health care caused by medical and audiological specialization. A specific professional example from the field of audiology offers a detailed description of factors which adversely affect patient treatment. A functional model to achieve the appropriate relationship between specialized and general patient care is proposed, and a syllogistic conclusion is offered for consideration.
A formulation of a simulation modelling methodology
Authors: Sato Ryo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide a conceptual basis of modeling of discrete event systems, that is, a guideline along which making models and their programs and modification of them are carried out.For this purpose we formulate the three‐phase approach that was proposed as a methodology of discrete event simulation. Using this methodology, analysts model static interactions between entities in the target system and then make a program that shows dynamic aspects of the system. The formulation, based on the mathematical general systems theory, shows what determines the dynamics of a discrete event system resulting from the program, what information is used and how they are related in models in the methodology.More concretely, a simulation program used in the three‐phase approach is formulated as a state space representation whose state space consists of queue and a set of internal records. Those records hold internally‐set occurrence times of activities in corresponding entities. The role which activity interaction diagrams play as static skeleton models in the methodology is explicitly shown in terms of its simulation program.
Change and evolution
Authors: Katsenelinboigen A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA general systems theorist may be interested in the analysis of development paradigms evolved by different sciences. What mechanisms account for the changes, selection, and reinforcement of the traits selected for — these are the kind of questions that the development paradigms are designed to answer. This article aims to evaluate the impact that the paradigms in economics have had on biology. Malthus' conceptual framework of economics, which had as its centerpiece the idea of selection, exerted a powerful influence on Darwin's theory of evolution. For a long time biology and economics also shared the presupposition of the random nature of changes in their respective domains of phenomena.Economic science has now offered up new paradigms which focus primarily on some orderly mechanisms of change, and treat the sphere of R&D, as one chiefly responsible for changes, as a separate concern. The field of R&D, organically linked with the rest of the economy, consists of distinct stages, each with its own peculiar performance mechanism. Some, but only some, of these mechanisms may work on the principle of random changes.It is this structured nature of the processes in the “mutative” system of the economy that may be of greatest interest to biology, where the idea of random changes still predominates. Recent breakthroughs in molecular biology, and specifically the discovery of jumping genes, Z‐genes, etc., made it possible to hypothesize the existence in the organism of some orderly mechanisms responsible for changes. Structures within these mechanisms not only ensure the preservation of accumulated experience and growth, but also the creation of new features; it seems to me, that survival and growth must be subordinated to development. This hypothesis may also illuminate the causes of diseases that result from various breakdowns in these structure. One possible example of such a systematic malfunction is cancer.
Mankind as society, an example of a nonequilibrium system: Reflections on a theory of structure and pattern formation
Authors: Fliedner Dietrich 
Published: February 2011

Abstract— Like every biotic, species mankind constitutes an extremely complex nonequilibrium system. This paper tries to gain an insight into its structure. Recognizable organizational patterns are the definable social populations (family, community, urban population, people, cultural population, etc.); they are ordered hierarchically. The social population is in itself a nonequilibrium system. Its structure can most appropriately be achieved by reducing it to the essentials and establishing a model. Within this “basic system” the flow of information and energy, the structuring processes connected with self‐organization etc. is described by a set of formulae (Tabs. 1–4; Fig. 1). The “basic system” can be regarded as a module that can also be used to form complex structures, above all the superior nonequilibrium system: Mankind as society (Fig. 2). This is a task for the future.
Preparation of microporous starch by glucoamylase and ultrasound
Authors: Wu Yun , Du Xianfeng , Ge Honghua , Lv Zhen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMicroporous starch was prepared from corn starch by glucoamylase catalysis combined with ultrasonic treatment. Twenty milliliters of starch slurries (40, 60, and 80% w/w) were treated with 0.05% v/v glucoamylase (enzyme activity >100 000 U/g), or a combination of 0.05% v/v glucoamylase with ultrasound at 100 W (20% power), 200 W (40% power), and 300 W (60% power) for 10, 30, and 50 min concurrently or sequentially. Degree of hydrolysis and degree of oil absorption were applied as indexes to evaluate the quality of the microporous starch. The microstructures, crystalline structures, and pasting properties of microporous starch were studied by SEM, XRD, and rapid visco analyzer (RVA), respectively. The results indicated that the preferred combination was sonication at 200 W (40% power) for 50 min during glucoamylase digestion with 40% slurry concentration. The results of this study provide an efficient method for microporous starch production.
Physicochemical properties of sweetpotato starch
Authors: Zhu Fan , Yang Xinsun , Cai Yi‐Zhong , Bertoft Eric , Corke Harold 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSweetpotato starch is high‐yielding, but has limited development and uses. In this study, physicochemical properties of sweetpotato starch from 11 representative genotypes with diverse geographic origins in China were characterized and showed wide variations. Apparent amylose contents measured by iodine binding ranged from 23.3 to 26.5%, by gel permeation chromatography after debranching from 17.5 to 23.9%, and true amylose content by concanavalin A binding from 15.9 to 22.5%. In vitro digestibility varied from 29.5 to 41.2%. Swelling power and water solubility index were highly correlated (r2 = 0.88). Gelatinization peak temperature and enthalpy ranged from 75.4 to 79.7°C, and 7.6 to 13.6 J/g, respectively. Pasting peak and cold paste viscosities varied from 268 to 469 RVU, and 170 to 284 RVU. Amylose contents were highly correlated to digestibility, pasting, and thermal parameters.
Effects of type of polymerization catalyst system on the degradation of polyethylenes in the melt state. Part 1: Unstabilized polyethylenes (including metallocene types)
Authors: Sánchez Karmele del Teso , Allen Norman S. , Liauw Christopher M. , Johnson Brian 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSeveral polyethylene resins namely, high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) (Phillips metal oxide catalyst) and linear low‐density polyethylenes (LLDPE) (formed by using Ziegler‐Natta and metallocene catalyst technologies), were used in order to acquire insight into the effect of different polymerization catalyst systems on the production of degradation products during melt processing. Infrared spectroscopy, color measurement, hydroperoxide determination, and melt flow rate measurement were used to monitor the degradation as a function of the number of passes through a twin‐screw extruder. The metallocene PEs were shown to exhibit superior melt stability relative to Phillips HDPE. The latter showed high levels of hydroperoxide formation. The superior thermo‐oxidative stability of the metallocene PEs was attributed to low levels of metallic catalyst residues, together with low vinyl unsaturation content. In all of the PEs examined, the rate of crosslinking was greater than that of chain scission. IR spectroscopy indicated that crosslinking (most prevalent in the Phillips HDPE) proceeded via the addition of macroradicals to vinyl unsaturation. The Ziegler‐Natta LLDPE showed an intermediate tendency for crosslinking but notable formation of trans‐vinylidene and the most noticeable color development. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effective capacity of a correlated Nakagami‐m fading channel
Authors: Wang Qing , Wu Dapeng , Fan Pingyi 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe grail of next‐generation wireless networks is providing real‐time services for delay‐sensitive applications, which require that the wireless networks provide QoS guarantees. The effective capacity (EC) proposed by Wu and Negi provides a powerful tool for design of QoS provisioning mechanisms. In this paper, we intend to generalize their formula for the effective capacity of a correlated Rayleigh fading channel; specifically, we derive a closed form approximate EC formula for a special correlated Nakagami‐m fading channel, for which the inverse of the correlation coefficient matrix is tridiagonal. To verify its accuracy via simulation, we develop a Green‐matrix based approach, which allows us to analytically obtain the effective capacity (given the joint probability density function of a correlated Nakagami‐m fading channel) while being able to simulate the corresponding channel gain process. Simulation results show that our EC formula is accurate. Furthermore, to facilitate the application of the EC theory to the design of practical QoS provisioning mechanisms, we propose a simple algorithm for estimating the EC of an arbitrary correlated Nakagami‐m fading channel, given channel measurements; simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of our proposed EC estimation algorithm showing its suitability in practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coverage analysis for target localization in camera sensor networks
Authors: Liu Liang , Ma Huadong , Zhang Xi 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTCamera sensor networks have recently emerged as a critical research topic. In this paper, we investigate the coverage problem for camera sensor networks. Specially, compared to the coverage problem for target detection which has been intensively studied, this paper studies the coverage problem from the perspective of target localization. We first propose a novel localization‐oriented sensing model based on the perspective projection of the camera sensors. Then, under the random uniform deployment strategy, we analyze how the probability of the localization‐oriented coverage (L‐coverage for short) changes with the sensors number and the parameters of the proposed sensing model. Finally, we conduct extensive simulations to validate our model and theoretical analysis about L‐coverage probability. The obtained results show that our scheme can be effectively applied for practical scenarios. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hidden node collision recovery protocol for low rate wireless personal area networks
Authors: Zhang Shengzhi , Yoo Sang‐Jo 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTReferring to most media access control (MAC) protocols in low rate personal area networks (LR‐WPANs), there is no hidden node collision avoidance mechanism utilized. Quantitative analysis in this paper based on the IEEE 802.15.4 specification shows a high probability of the continuous hidden node collisions (CHNCs), which seriously decreases network throughput. Based on this observation, we propose a cost‐efficient recovery mechanism to achieve fast self‐healing when LR‐WPANs suffer CHNCs, while introducing no overhead when there are no collisions. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed protocol in terms of network throughput and power saving. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural analysis of compounds with actions similar to local anesthetics and antipsychotic phenothiazines in yeast
Authors: Uesono Yukifumi , Toh‐e Akio , Kikuchi Yoshiko , Terashima Ichiro 
Published: February 2011

AbstractLocal anesthetics and antipsychotic phenothiazines cause a rapid shutdown of both actin polarization and translation initiation in yeast cells, like some environmental stresses. These compounds all have an amphiphilic structure, surfactant activity and the ability to lyse yeast cells. To elucidate the structures responsible for the shutdown activity and cell lysis, we investigated a variety of amphiphiles. In the hydrophobic region, the straight alkyl structure was sufficient for the shutdown of actin polarization and translational initiation. In the hydrophilic region of the straight alkyl compounds, cationic trimethyl ammonium (TMA) and non‐ionic hydroxyl structure (alcohols) shut down both reactions, while an anionic structure, sulphate, with a long alkyl chain (≥C6) shut down actin polarization only. On the compounds that shut down both reactions, including the clinical drugs, TMA compounds and alcohols, the potencies of shutdown and lysis exponentially increased with increasing the number of carbons in the hydrophobic region, whereas safety was affected by the structures of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. These results indicate that the yeast system can easily evaluate clinical drugs, and provide a structural basis for designing compounds to shut down intracellular reactions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Photoluminescence Properties of a Planar Copper Triazolate Coordination Polymer with Cyanide as Co‐Ligand
Authors: Zhu Ai‐Xin , Xu Quan‐Qing , Liu Feng‐Yi , Qi Xiao‐Lin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA new copper coordination polymer [Cu3(CN)(dmtz)2] (1) (Hdmtz = 3,5‐dimethyl‐1,2,4‐triazole) was solvothermally synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, X‐ray power diffraction, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The single‐crystal diffraction analysis shows that compound 1 belongs to the orthorhombic space group Pmmn, and exhibits a 2D planar framework constructed by the ligand dmtz and cyanide anions, in which the cyanide anion was generated from in situ decomposition of acetonitrile. The photoluminescent study indicates that 1 emits strong blue‐green luminescence with long emission lifetimes in the solid state at room temperature.
Six‐year monitoring of pine ectomycorrhizal biomass under a temperate monsoon climate indicates significant annual fluctuations in relation to climatic factors
Authors: Okada Keiichi , Okada Sachiko , Yasue Koh , Fukuda Masaki , Yamada Akiyoshi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEctomycorrhizas (EM) are among the most active components of forest soil biomass because they represent the dominant soil carbon efflux from forests. However, temporal patterns of EM biomass in relation to climatic factors and host tree growth remain unclear. We sampled EM and fine roots of pine each month for 6 years (May 2003 to June 2009) in a 40–50‐year‐old Pinus densiflora forest in Japan. Tree ring width of host pines in the plot was measured to assess the chronological sequence of annual tree growth. EM biomass was not stable during the 6 years of monitoring and seasonal patterns were indistinct. Multiple correlation analyses revealed that the autumn precipitation in the previous year was the most determinative factor of EM biomass in the current year, with a negative correlation. In contrast, tree ring width generally showed a stable annual growth pattern throughout the monitoring period. Clarification of such a carbon allocation pattern is important in understanding forest carbon dynamics under a temperate monsoon climate.
Age at onset in bipolar disorder: Investigation of the role of TaqIA polymorphism of DRD2 gene in a Sardinian sample
Authors: Squassina A. , Manchia M. , Costa M. , Chillotti C. , Ardau R. , Del Zompo M. , Severino G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) is a highly heterogeneous and heritable psychiatric illness. Age at onset has been shown to be a powerful tool for dissecting both the phenotypic and genetic complexity of BD. In this article, we present findings from an association study between the DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism and age at onset, showing that both alleles and genotypes at this locus associate with early onset BD.
Intensive care in psychiatry
Authors: Winkler D. , Naderi-Heiden A. , Strnad A. , Pjrek E. , Scharfetter J. , Kasper S. , Frey R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPsychiatric intensive care is supposed to offer treatment and to hold patients with psychiatric illness, if they pose a threat to themselves or to others. Besides treating the underlying psychiatric diagnoses, it is also necessary to take care of severe somatic comorbidity, which is often impeded by patients’ limited ability to cooperate. Treatment often requires the administration of sedative medication and occasionally the use of medical restraints. Involuntary commitment, involuntary treatment and the usage of physical restraints is regulated by national mental health laws. Medical professionals working in the field of psychiatric intensive care must have expert knowledge in the fields of psychopharmacology and intensive care medicine. Treatment concepts should be aimed to provide optimized care for psychiatric inpatients in a potentially life-threatening phase of their illness. This article outlines current clinical practice at the psychiatric intensive care unit of the Medical University of Vienna (Austria). Furthermore, we present diagnoses, diagnostic procedures and specific treatments of a sample of 100 consecutive inpatients treated in the years 2008 and 2009 at this ward.
Impression management in survey responding: Easier for collectivists or individualists?
Authors: Riemer Hila , Shavitt Sharon 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThree experiments indicate that collectivistic people (or those who come from Eastern cultures) have an easier time giving appropriate answers on surveys than do individualists (or those who come from Western cultures). This means that it is easier to disrupt the efforts of individualists to give appropriate responses. The research highlights how cultural factors influence survey response processes, and that individualists and collectivists engage in impression management through different psychological mechanisms. This has implications for marketing, advertising, and consumer choice.
Tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP1/gp75) in human cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Ghanem Ghanem , Fabrice Journé 
Published: February 2011

Melanoma prognosis is based on specific pathological features at the primary lesion. In metastatic patients, the extent of lymph node involvement is also an important prognosis indicator. Many progression markers both in tissues and serum, including circulating tumor cells, have been studied and new molecular markers are awaited from high‐throughput screenings to discriminate between clinical stages and predict disease progression.The present review focuses on human tyrosinase related protein 1 also known as gp75 glycoprotein (Tyrp1/gp75), a melanosomal protein involved in the pigmentary machinery of the melanocyte and often used as differentiation marker, with a special emphasis on its emerging roles in the malignant melanocyte and melanoma progression.