bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fertility control of rodent pests: a review of the inhibitory effects of plant extracts on ovarian function
Authors: Tran Tung Thanh , Hinds Lyn A 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Plant extracts can inhibit fertility by adversely affecting, directly or indirectly, reproductive processes ranging from gonadal function and development to gestation. This review focuses on plant extracts that disrupt ovarian function in rodents.RESULTS: Extracts from at least 40 plant species exert some of their disruptive reproductive effects at the ovarian level. Of those, 13 plants induce a reduction in the number and type of ovarian follicles and also cause disruption to the oestrous cycle. Their effects are short term and reversible once treatment ceases.CONCLUSIONS: Protection of plant extracts to prevent their degradation before uptake in the gastrointestinal tract could enhance short‐term efficacy but would not enhance the longevity of their effects. Identification and further testing of the specific chemicals responsible for reproductive effects would be beneficial. The adoption of a standard protocol for treatment and assessment of the inhibitory effects of potential control agents on reproductive function in rodents is essential. Treatment with higher concentrations of extracts in conjunction with other extracts or with other chemosterilants could have potential complementary effects and lead to more rapid and permanent changes in ovarian function. An orally delivered agent(s) that causes major depletion of all follicle types, and particularly of non‐regenerating primordial follicles, could be an ideal fertility control product and serve as an additional tool for population control of pest rodents. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Rifaximin: unabsorbed oral antibiotic for travellers' diarrhoea
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Baburajan Bijay 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRifaximin (Xifaxanta) is a new orally administered antibiotic licensed for the treatment of noninvasive travellers' diarrhoea. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the data relating to its efficacy and adverse events and Dr Bijay Baburajan discusses its place in treatment of traveller's diarrhoea. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Interface Ltd
Time evolution of dense multigraph limits under edge‐conservative preferential attachment dynamics
Authors: Ráth Balázs 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe define the edge reconnecting model, a random multigraph evolving in time. At each time step we change one endpoint of a uniformly chosen edge: the new endpoint is chosen by linear preferential attachment. We consider a sequence of edge reconnecting models where the sequence of initial multigraphs is convergent in a sense which is a natural generalization of the notion of convergence of dense graph sequences, defined by Lovász and Szegedy (J. Combin. Theory Ser B 96 (2006) 933–957). We investigate how the limit object evolves under the edge reconnecting dynamics if we rescale time properly: we give the complete characterization of the time evolution of the limit object from its initial state up to the stationary state, which is described in the companion paper (Ráth and Szakács, in press). In our proofs we use the theory of exchangeable arrays, queuing and diffusion processes. The number of parallel edges and the degrees evolve on different timescales and because of this the model exhibits subaging. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2012
A partially reconstructed previous Gmail session by live digital evidences investigation through volatile data acquisition
Authors: Chu Hai‐Cheng , Yang Szu‐Wei , Park Jong Hyuk 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe essence of this paper is to illustrate live data acquisition within the random access memory of a notebook trying to utilize the collected digital evidences in order to partially reconstruct previous Gmail session, which could be probative digital evidence in a court of law. The proposed framework is essentially crucial for the investigation of certain related cybercrimes on the basis of the digital breadcrumb trails being professionally disclosed and appropriately handled. Without loss of generality, the volatile data would vanish forever when the power of the computing devices is no longer sustainable. This research pinpoints the imminent threat of IT savvy cyber criminals and the corresponding counter procedures used to crack criminal cases if web‐based e‐mail utilities are essentially involved. This paper is focused on the prevalent e‐mail utility, Gmail, as the research subject. At last, live digital evidence acquisition must be accurately fulfilled before the seizure of the computing devices in the crime scene to avoid irreversible investigation procedures which mean the digital evidences could be deleted, resulting in the loss of probative evidence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The legacy of climategate: revitalizing or undermining climate science and policy?
Authors: Grundmann Reiner 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe release of emails from a server at the University of East Anglia's Climate Research Unit (CRU) in November 2009 and the following climategate controversy have become a topic for interpretation in the social sciences. This article picks out some of the most visible social science comments on the affair for discussion. These comments are compared to an account of what can be seen as problematic practices by climate scientists. There is general agreement in these comments that climate science needs more openness and transparency. But when evaluating climategate a variety of responses is seen, ranging from the apologetic to the highly critical, even condemning the practices in question. It is argued that reluctance to critically examine the climategate affair, including suspect practices of scientists, has to do with the nature of the debate which is highly politicized. A call is made for more reflection on this case which should not be closed off because of political expediency. WIREs Clim Change 2012 doi: 10.1002/wcc.166This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
The legacy of climategate: undermining or revitalizing climate science and policy?
Authors: Maibach Edward , Leiserowitz Anthony , Cobb Sara , Shank Michael , Cobb Kim M. , Gulledge Jay 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn mid‐November 2009, emails were removed without authorization from a University of East Anglia server and posted to the internet; within 24 h an international scandal was born—alleging fraud by leading climate scientists—which almost immediately became known as climategate. Multiple investigations concluded that no fraud or scientific misconduct had occurred. Despite the exonerations, however, the email controversy has had impacts, both negative and positive. On the negative side, a small minority of the American public and a somewhat larger minority of American TV news professionals—mostly political conservatives—indicated that the controversy made them more certain that climate change is not happening, and undermined their trust in climate scientists. Conservative organizations and politicians continue to cite the controversy in justifying their opposition to government action on climate change. On the positive side, the controversy impressed upon the climate science community the need for improved communication and public engagement efforts, and many individuals and organizations have begun to address these needs. It also reminded the climate science community of the importance of transparency, data availability, and strong quality assurance procedures, stimulating many organizations to review their data management practices. Although it is too soon to gauge the lasting legacy of the controversy, if the climate science community takes it as an opportunity to improve its already high standards of scientific conduct—as well as improve its less well‐developed approach to public engagement—the long‐term prognosis is good. WIREs Clim Change 2012 doi: 10.1002/wcc.168This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Climate and history: a critical review of historical climatology and climate change historiography
Authors: Carey Mark 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper provides a critical analysis of recent climate history (or historical climatology) scholarship. It identifies four key subfields in this historiography of climate change. First, it examines scholarship on climate reconstructions that use a variety of innovative historical sources to document past climatic conditions. Second, it analyzes scholarship on social impacts and responses to climate change. This literature is prolific with significant attention given to climatic variability and climatic or weather‐related disasters. Third, the paper discusses research on the uses and abuses of climate knowledge, such as innovations in meteorology and climatology as well as ways that Western climate knowledge helped justify colonialism and perpetuate racism. Fourth, the paper examines research on cultural constructions and perceptions of climate. This includes analysis of diverse climatic understandings and climate narratives that have varied across time and space. While the climate historiography is steadily expanding and constantly probing new areas, this paper contends that the field overall would benefit from a stronger emphasis on social history to examine race, class, and gender in climate history while also focusing on how social relations and power dynamics affect human–climate interactions. Additionally, it argues that the uncovering of more diverse climate meanings and narratives, partly through better social history, could both enrich the historiography and contribute to today's broader discussions about global climate change in the past and future. WIREs Clim Change 2012 doi: 10.1002/wcc.171This article is categorized under:

Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives
Bayesian estimation for target tracking: part I, general concepts
Authors: Haug A.J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis is the first part of a three‐part article examining methods for Bayesian estimation and tracking. This first part presents the general theory of Bayesian estimation where we show that Bayesian estimation methods can be divided into two very general classes: the first class where the observation conditioned posterior densities are propagated in time through a predictor/corrector method; and the second class where the first two moments are propagated in time, with state and observation moment prediction steps followed by state moment update steps that use the latest observations. We show how the moment propagation method leads to very general linear and extended Kalman filters that are applicable to non‐Gaussian densities that meet several restrictions.In Part 2 of this article we will show that for Gaussian densities, with the expansion of all nonlinear functions in polynomials, the moment propagation method leads to several well‐known Kalman filter methods. In Part 3, we will show that approximating a density by a set of Monte Carlo samples leads to particle filter methods, where the posterior density is propagated in time and moment integrals are approximated by sample moments. WIREs Comput Stat 2012 doi: 10.1002/wics.1211This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory
Mining high‐throughput screens for cancer drug targets—lessons from yeast chemical‐genomic profiling and synthetic lethality
Authors: Heiskanen Marja A. , Aittokallio Tero 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe recent decrease in the rate that new cancer therapies are being translated into clinical use is mainly due to the lack of therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety or toxicology of the candidate drug compounds. An important prerequisite for the development of safe and effective chemical compounds is the identification of their cellular targets. High‐throughput screening is increasingly being used to test new drug compounds and to infer their cellular targets, but these quantitative screens result in high‐dimensional datasets with many inherent sources of noise. We review here the state‐of‐the‐art statistical scoring approaches used in the prediction of drug–target interactions, and illustrate their operation using publicly available data from yeast chemical‐genomic profiling studies. The real data examples underscore the need for developing more advanced data mining approaches for extracting the full information from the high‐throughput screens. A particular medical application stems from the concept of synthetic lethality in cancer and how it could open up new opportunities for personalized cancer therapies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Biological Data Mining
Application Areas > Health Care
Raptor community composition in the Texas Southern High Plains lesser prairie‐chicken range
Authors: Behney Adam C. , Boal Clint W. , Whitlaw Heather A. , Lucia Duane R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPredation can be a factor in preventing prey population growth and sustainability when prey populations are small and fragmented, and when predator density is unrelated to the density of the single prey species. We conducted monthly raptor surveys from February 2007 to May 2009 in adjacent areas of the Texas Southern High Plains (USA) that do and do not support lesser prairie‐chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus), a candidate for protection under the Endangered Species Act. During the summer period corresponding to prairie‐chicken nesting and brood‐rearing, Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni) were the most abundant raptor. During the lekking and overwintering period, the raptor community was diverse, with northern harriers (Circus cyaneus) being the most abundant species. Raptor abundance peaked during the early autumn and was lowest during the spring. Utility poles were a significant predictor of raptor density at survey points and Swainson's hawks and all raptors, pooled, were found in greater densities in non‐prairie‐chicken habitat dominated by mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa). Avian predation risk on prairie‐chickens, based on presence and abundance of raptors, appears to be greatest during winter when there is a more abundant and diverse raptor community, and in areas with utility poles. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Mono‐, Di‐, and, Triiron Selenocarboxylate Complexes
Authors: El‐khateeb Mohammad , Weheabby Saddam , Jibril Ibrahim , Görls Helmar , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTreatment of the iron selenide (μ‐Se)[CpFe(CO)2]2with one equivalent of 1, 3, 5‐C6H3(COCl)3gave the organoiron selenocarboxylate complex CpFe(CO)2SeCO‐3, 5‐C6H3(COCl)2(1), which contains two free acid chloride groups. Complex1reacted with amines, thiols, and phenols to produce the corresponding amides CpFe(CO)2SeCO‐3, 5‐C6H3(CONR2)2(2), thioesters CpFe(CO)2SeCO‐3, 5‐C6H3(COSR)2(3), and aromatic esters CpFe(CO)2SeCO‐3, 5‐C6H3(CO2Ar)2(4), respectively. Complex1was converted into the diacid CpFe(CO)2SeCO‐3, 5‐C6H3(COOH)2(5) or the diamide CpFe(CO)2SeCO‐3, 5‐C6H3(CONH2)2(6) complexes by reactions with NaOH or NaNH2, respectively. The bis(seleno)‐1, 3‐(CpFe(CO)2SeCO)2‐5‐C6H3(COCl) (7) and tris(seleno)‐carboxylate 1, 3, 5‐(CpFe(CO)2SeCO)3C6H3(8) complexes were also prepared by controlled reaction of 1, 3, 5‐C6H3(COCl)3with the iron selenide (μ‐Se)[CpFe(CO)2]2. Complexes1–8were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (IR,1H‐NMR) and by elemental analysis as well. The X‐ray structures of CpFe(CO)2SeCO‐3, 5‐C6H3(COCl)2(1) and CpFe(CO)2SeCO‐3, 5‐C6H3(COSCH2Ph)2(3b) were determined.
Formation of Stable Rhodium η6‐Arene Complexes with Aniline Derivatives
Authors: Fischer Christian , König Anja , Drexler Hans‐Joachim , Heller Detlef 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThree new, hitherto unknown, rhodium complexes with aniline and two of its derivatives (2, 6‐dimethylaniline and N‐methylaniline) are presented. All complexes have been characterized by X‐ray analysis.
Synthesis and Characterization of Alkaline and Alkaline Earth Salts of the Nitrotetrazolate‐2N‐oxide Anion
Authors: C. Härtel Martin A. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Piercey Davin G. , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe oxidation of the 5‐nitrotetrazolate anion to its 2‐oxide (NTX) by Oxone® (2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4) gives synthetic access to a new class of oxidizing coloring agents for pyrotechnical formulations. via aqueous ion metathesis reactions starting from the ammonium salt alkaline (Na, K, Rb, Cs) and alkaline earth metal salts (Ca, Sr, Ba) were prepared and characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, mass, Raman, and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and, where possible, by X‐ray diffraction (Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ba). The energetic properties were characterized with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), impact and friction BAM tests and electrical spark sensitivity testing. 2N‐oxidation of the 5‐nitrotetrazolate anion is shown to effect positive oxygen balances ranging from 3.0–4.7 % and general improvement of safety properties under simultaneous reduction of desensitizing molar hydration water content in comparison to the non‐oxidized 5‐nitrotetrazolate salts.
LiCa3Si2N5 – A Lithium Nitridosilicate with a [Si2N5]7– Double‐Chain
Authors: Lupart Saskia , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe lithium nitridosilicate LiCa3Si2N5 was synthesized by the reaction of calcium with Si(NH)2 and Li3N in weld shut tantalum ampoules at 900 °C. The structure of LiCa3Si2N5 [space group C2/c, no. 15, a = 5.1454(10), b = 20.380(4), c = 10.357(2) Å, β = 91.24(3)°, wR2 = 0.1084, 863 data, 102 parameters] consists of [Si2N5]7– double‐chains including edge‐sharing tetrahedra. The lithium atoms in the crystal structure are situated in strands along the crystallographic b axis. Lattice energy calculations (MAPLE) and EDX measurements confirmed the electrostatic bonding interactions and the chemical composition. The 29Si and 7Li solid‐state MAS NMR spectroscopic investigations are reported.
Systems of Care: New Partnerships for Community Psychology
Authors: Cook James R. , Kilmer Ryan P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFor almost two decades, the federal government has supported the development of integrated models of mental health service delivery for children and families, known as systems of care (SOCs), that strive to be child‐centered, family‐focused, community‐based, and culturally competent. These efforts align well with the values and principles (e.g., empowerment, collaboration, strengths emphasis, focus on macro‐level social/system change) central to community psychology (CP; Kloos et al. in Community psychology, Cengage Learning, Belmont, 2012). Despite the convergence of many core values, CPs have historically been underrepresented in key roles in SOC initiatives. However, this has changed in recent years, with increasing examples of community psychology skills and principles applied to the development, implementation, and evaluation of SOCs. Because successful and sustainable implementation of SOCs requires community and system‐level change, and SOCs are increasingly being urged to adopt a stronger “public health” orientation (Miles et al. in A public health approach to children's mental health: a conceptual framework, Georgetown University Center for Child and Human Development, National Technical Assistance Center for Children's Mental Health, Washington, DC, 2010), there is great potential for CPs to play important roles in SOCs. This paper discusses opportunities and roles for CPs in SOCs in applied research and evaluation, community practice, and training.
Response of soil nematode community structure and diversity to long‐term land use in the black soil region in China
Authors: Pan Feng‐Juan , Xu Yan‐Li , McLaughlin Neil B. , Xue Allen G. , Yu Qing , Han Xiao‐Zeng , Liu Wei , Zhan Li‐Li , Zhao Dan , Li Chun‐Jie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSoil nematodes are sensitive to environmental changes and are used widely as indicators of soil conditions. The community structure and diversity of soil nematodes were studied in different long‐term land use regimes in the black soil area in Northeast China. The land use regimes were maintained for 22 years, and included crop land (CL), grass land (GL) and bare land (BL). Soil samples were taken throughout the growing season, and nematodes were extracted and identified. A total of 39 nematode genera with relative abundance over 0.1 % were identified.Heteroderawas the dominant genus in CL;Boleodoruswas the dominant genus in GL, andBoleodorus,EucephalobusandFilenchuswere the dominant genera in BL. Land use had a significant effect on abundance of all soil nematode tropic groups and ecological indices. Sampling time had an effect on soil nematode abundance, but only on three of the eight nematode ecological indices MI (maturity index of free‐living nematode), CI (channel index) and EI (enrichment index). SR (species richness index) was highest in GL where plant species diversity was also high. The CI was the highest in BL among three land uses, which means the soil food web dominated, with fungal decomposition channels in BL. Soil nematode community structure and diversity was shown to be an effective and informative tool for analyzing ecological aspects of land use in black soil regions. The data are inconclusive as to whether the effect of land use on soil nematode parameters is direct, or indirect via inducing changes in soil physicochemical properties.
Characterization of the Solvent Properties of Glycerol Using Inverse Gas Chromatography and Solubility Parameters
Authors: Vincent Joel D. , Srinivas Keerthi , King Jerry W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe production of glycerol from the synthesis of biodiesel has led to a market surplus of this polyhydric alcohol and additional research to find new applications for this versatile chemical. This study involves the use of inverse gas chromatography (IGC) to characterize the solute–solvent interactions between glycerol and a homologous series of aliphatic alcohols, in which the latter components are at infinite dilution in the glycerol, which is the stationary phase contained in a packed GC column. The IGC experiments were conducted between 51.5 and 111 °C for the n‐alcohols ranging from methanol to n‐butanol. All of the n‐alcohol homologs exhibited positive deviations from Raoult's law as based on mole fraction activity coefficients values ranging from 1.86 to 14.4. The measured mole fraction activity coefficients of the alcoholic solutes in glycerol showed good agreement with literature values, and in some cases with those predicted using existing theoretical models. The mole fraction activity coefficients increased going from methanol to n‐butanol, reflecting the change in the alcohol's cohesive energy densities relative to that for glycerol. The total solubility parameter of glycerol calculated from IGC data was found to be 34.8 MPa1/2 which is in good agreement with that obtained using Hansen solubility parameter approach (31.6 MPa1/2). This data can be used to characterize the solvent properties of glycerol as well as to provide thermodynamic data for the removal of the alcoholic solutes from glycerol.