bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Fluorescence Characteristics of Amido‐Functionalized Dual‐Fluorescent Microspheres with Core/Shell Structure
Authors: Pan Xinghua , Ju Jianhui , Zhan Yonghua , Wu Daocheng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA novel two‐step modified seeded polymerization method for the preparation of AFDFMs with a core/shell structure is developed. Their morphology is characterized by means of TEM and SEM, further characteristics are studied using FT‐IR, fluorescence microscopy, laser confocal fluorescence microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. TEM and SEM images provide clear proof of a core/shell structure. Fluorescence spectroscopy shows that AFDFMs exhibit tunable fluorescence characteristics with one or two emission wavelengths (515 and 575 nm) depending on the excitation wavelengths. Amido and carboxy groups on the AFDFM shell layer allow the formation of linkages with biomolecules for biological imaging or molecule detection, opening opportunities for biomedical applications. magnified image
Predicting Putative Inhibitors of 17β‐HSD1
Authors: Heinzerling Lennart , Hartmann Rolf W. , Frotscher Martin , Neumann Dirk 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReducing the concentration of estradiol by inhibiting its enzymatic synthesis has been proposed as a new therapeutic approach to treat estrogen‐dependent diseases. A promising potential target is 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 which catalyzes the biosynthesis of estradiol on‐site. However, the rational computer‐aided design of novel inhibitors is still very difficult due to the scarcity of public data. Moreover, the chemical space covered in experiments has been quite limited as the design of new inhibitors was primarily guided by the intuition of experts in the field. Here, we present two different ligand‐based approaches to predict putative ligands of 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. According to our knowledge the data set employed in our study is the largest compilation used so far allowing for thoroughly assessing the reliability of our predictive models. By combining several local models, we were able to predict putative inhibitors with an excellent expected prediction error of only 15 %. Our positive results can be considered as an encouragement for future scientific work in this field. Furthermore, the methods employed here can be easily adopted for predicting potential ligands of other enzymes.
Missing Value Estimation for Compound‐Target Activity Data
Authors: Tanrikulu Yusuf , Kondru Rama , Schneider Gisbert , So W. Venus , Bitter Hans‐Marcus 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRelationships between drug targets and associated diseases have traditionally been investigated by means of sequence similarity, comparative protein modeling, and pathway analysis. Recently, a complementary paradigm has emerged to link targets and drugs via biological responses within activity data and visualize findings in networks. It has been indicated that one of the obstacles towards the identification of novel interactions is the sparsity of available data. In this article, we provide a survey of estimation methods that address the challenge of data sparsity. Each method is described in terms of its advantages and limitations, and an exemplary application on compound‐target activity data is demonstrated. With such imputation methods in‐hand, the opportunity to combine efforts in molecular informatics can be realized, yielding novel insights into ligand‐target space.
Multi‐pH QSAR: A Method to Differentiate the Activity of Neutral and Ionized Species and Obtain True Correlations when Both Species are Involved
Authors: Scherrer Robert A. , Leo Albert J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractClassical Hansch analysis for most series of ionizable compounds cannot identify the active species as being neutral or ionized. The log PN and log PI of these series are too highly correlated. We have found a simple solution to this problem by just combining data obtained at more than one pH (multi‐pH QSAR). A bonus is that the statistical power of a series is increased one fold for each pH level added. Datasets of simple homologous series serve as proofs of concept. Two of these reveal hidden correlations involving both the neutral and ionized species. These “true” correlations would be impossible to find at a single pH. An example is the inhibition of monoamine oxidase by a series of primary n‐alkylamines. Multi‐pH QSAR indicates that the protonated amine enhances inhibition and the neutral species diminishes it. This paper illustrates the first substantial use in QSAR of the species‐specific terms, log DN (neutral) and log DI (ionized). Multi‐pH QSAR can give direction to lead development and facilitate the In‐Silico modeling of ADMET processes by associating rate‐limiting steps with the correct ionization state.
Amino‐functionalization of graphene sheets and the fabrication of their nanocomposites
Authors: Hu Yizhe , Shen Jianfeng , Li Na , Shi Min , Ma Hongwei , Yan Bo , Wang Wenbin , Huang Weishi , Ye Mingxin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractExpandable graphite oxide (EGO) was functionalized with different amine groups after sequential steps as thermal expansion, oxidation, acylation, and amidation. Three types of amino‐functionalized graphenes (a‐Gphs) were prepared by exfoliating amino functionalized EGOs(a‐EGO) through controlled ultrasonication. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elementary analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis separately confirmed the chemical structure of a‐EGO. The effect of ultrasonic power on the particle sizes of exfoliated a‐EGOs was estimated by dynamic light scattering. Single layered graphene (0.43 nm) was achieved after ultrasonicating at 500 W for 20 min, which was affirmed by the results of atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Ultra violet–visible spectroscopy also indicates the good dispersion properties of a‐Gphs in these solvents. The thermal properties of composites are obviously increased by adding a‐Gphs and a‐EGOs as nanofillers. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Thermal diffusivity of nanocarbon composites
Authors: Lazarenko Aleksandra , Vovchenko Lyudmila , Matzui Lyudmila , Kozachenko Victor , Prylutskyy Yuriy , Scharff Peter , Ritter Uwe 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study was performed to measure the thermal diffusivity of different types of nanocarbon composites. Thermoexfoliated graphite (TEG), ultrasonically dispersed TEG, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes were used as fillers in epoxy polymer matrixes. The nanocarbon filler content was 1–10 wt%. The temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity and the heat capacity were extensively characterized in the temperature range between 150 and 425 K. For this purpose, the thermal diffusivity of the composites was investigated by two experimental methods: dynamic λ‐calorimeter and photoacoustic. The comparative analysis of thermal diffusivity of compacted TEG samples with different densities and of nanocarbon‐epoxy with different filler content was carried out. It was found that for the composites with a low distribution of the nanocarbon filler, the thermal diffusivity increases and that the value is determined by the structural and morphological properties of the filler. The orientation function for the TEG‐epoxy composites and the compact TEG samples differs due to the epoxy matrix that reduced anisotropy of the composite. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
PET‐ionomers and PETi/MMT nanocomposites: A comparison of the effect of ionic groups on their crystallinities and physical properties
Authors: Hwang Sung Yeon , Im Seung Soon 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and PET/modified montmorillonite (A10‐MMT) nanocomposites containing up to 3 mol% of dimethyl 5‐sulfoisophthalte sodium salt (DMSi) were prepared by in situ polymerization (PETi and PETNi, respectively). In results from transmission electron microscopy (TEM, ∼ 10 nm), clusters were observed with sizes of 30 nm at an ionic content of 3 mol%. Clusters were not observed in the PETNi samples due to the favorable interaction between the positively charged edges of the clay platelets and the negatively charged ionic groups. On the other hand, the degree of exfoliation was considerably improved by the small ionic content. Remarkable increases in the storage moduli of PETi and PETNi were also observed with increasing DMSi content in the glassy region. However, the storage modulus of PETi decreased rapidly in the rubbery region above the transition temperature as temperature increased. The dynamic viscosity of PETNi decreased with DMSi content, indicating that ion‐pair sites located at the clay edges acted as selective plasticizers in the PET ionic region. Moreover, the introduction of a small ionic content into the PET matrix led to a decrease in crystallinity and slower crystallization rates than in the pure PET. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Confined placental mosaicism and pregnancy outcome: a distinction needs to be made between types 2 and 3
Authors: Toutain Jérôme , Labeau‐Gaüzere Cécile , Barnetche Thomas , Horovitz Jacques , Saura Robert 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo study the influence of types 2 and 3 confined placental mosaicism (CPM) on pregnancy outcome.MethodFrom 13 809 chorionic villus samplings (CVSs), karyotype after long‐term cultured villi (LTC‐villi) was systematically performed. Next, in case of suspicion of CPM, karyotype after short‐term cultured villi (STC‐villi) was established to define type 2 CPM (chromosomal abnormality limited to the mesenchymal core) or type 3 CPM (chromosomal abnormality found both in the cytotrophoblast and the mesenchymal core). Confirmatory amniocentesis was performed to exclude fetal mosaicism. Uniparental disomy (UPD) testing was carried out when the abnormal cell line involved chromosomes 5, 6, 7, 15 or 16.ResultsFifty‐seven CPM cases were observed (57/13 809 = 0.41%) and of these, 37 were type 2 and 20 were type 3 CPM. Incidence of preterm infants, neonatal hypotrophy and adverse pregnancy outcome were comparable between patients in whom type 2 CPM was demonstrated and the control population. In contrast, for the type 3 CPM the incidence of these factors was higher than for the control population.ConclusionWhen a CPM is suspected, it appears essential to determine type, since type 2 has no effect on fetal development and type 3 is associated with preterm infants, low birth weight and adverse pregnancy outcome. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subtelomeric MLPA: is it really useful in prenatal diagnosis?
Authors: Mademont‐Soler Irene , Morales Carme , Bruguera Jordi , Madrigal Irene , Clusellas Núria , Margarit Ester , Sánchez Aurora , Soler Anna 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the usefulness of subtelomeric multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in both the detection of subtelomeric rearrangements in fetuses with ultrasound abnormalities and normal karyotype, and the characterization of cytogenetically detectable rearrangements.MethodWe studied by subtelomeric MLPA 229 pregnancies with ultrasound findings and normal karyotype (Group 1) and five pregnancies with a cytogenetically visible but not microscopically characterizable rearrangement (Group 2). The detected imbalances were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and parents were also studied.ResultsIn Group 1, two clinically relevant subtelomeric imbalances (14qter deletion and 20pter deletion) and one subtelomeric imbalance of uncertain significance (X/Ypter duplication) were diagnosed, showing a detection rate of cryptic subtelomeric imbalances in these pregnancies of 1.3%. However, only 14qter deletion seems to be clearly associated with the observed prenatal findings. In Group 2, MLPA contributed to the precise description of the chromosome abnormalities.ConclusionThe low detection rate of subtelomeric imbalances and the poor genotype–phenotype correlations in pregnancies with ultrasound abnormalities and normal karyotype suggest that subtelomeric MLPA is not a crucial tool in the prenatal diagnosis of these cases. However, our work provides evidence that MLPA is very useful for the characterization of unbalanced karyotypes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conjugated rod–coil block copolymers and optoelectronic applications
Authors: de Cuendias Anne , Hiorns Roger C , Cloutet Eric , Vignau Laurence , Cramail Henri 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis review gives a simple introduction to the electronic, optical and structural behaviour of rod–coil block copolymers in which the rod block is conjugated. The current understanding of the optical properties of conjugated polymers is discussed, as is the self‐assembly characteristics of rod–coil block copolymers, along with their behaviour with respect to organic light‐emitting diode and photovoltaic devices. Poly(p‐phenylene), poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) and polythiophenes are then used to give concrete examples and a short history of the developments of this astounding field. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Secretion of human superoxide dismutase in Escherichia coli using the condensed single‐protein‐production system
Authors: Mao Lili , Stathopulos Peter B. , Ikura Mitsuhiko , Inouye Masayori 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA secretion vector, pColdV for the Single‐Protein‐Production (SPP) system was constructed using the E. coli OmpA signal peptide. Using this vector, human superoxide dismutase (hSOD) was co‐expressed with MazF, an ACA‐specific mRNA interferase, allowing E. coli cells to produce only hSOD, which was secreted into the periplasmic space with a yield of ∼ 20% of total cellular proteins. The signal peptide was properly cleaved. Using cells overproducing DsbA protein, two SS bridges were also properly formed to yield enzymatically active SOD. A well resolved heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectrum of hSOD isotope‐labeled in the condensed SPP (cSPP) system was obtained by simply isolating the periplasmic fraction. These results indicate that human secretory proteins can be expressed well in the cSPP system using pColdV.
PCRless library mutagenesis via oligonucleotide recombination in yeast
Authors: Pirakitikulr Nathan , Ostrov Nili , Peralta‐Yahya Pamela , Cornish Virginia W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe directed evolution of biomolecules with new functions is largely performed in vitro, with PCR mutagenesis followed by high‐throughput assays for desired activities. As synthetic biology creates impetus for generating biomolecules that function in living cells, new technologies are needed for performing mutagenesis and selection for directed evolution in vivo. Homologous recombination, routinely exploited for targeted gene alteration, is an attractive tool for in vivo library mutagenesis, yet surprisingly is not routinely used for this purpose. Here, we report the design and characterization of a yeast‐based system for library mutagenesis of protein loops via oligonucleotide recombination. In this system, a linear vector is co‐transformed with single‐stranded mutagenic oligonucleotides. Using repair of nonsense codons engineered in three different active‐site loops in the selectable marker TRP1 as a model system, we first optimized the recombination efficiency. Single‐loop recombination was highly efficient, averaging 5%, or 4.0 × 105 recombinants. Multiple loops could be simultaneously mutagenized, although the efficiencies dropped to 0.2%, or 6.0 × 103 recombinants, for two loops and 0.01% efficiency, or 1.5 × 102 recombinants, for three loops. Finally, the utility of this system for directed evolution was tested explicitly by selecting functional variants from a mock library of 1:106 wild‐type:nonsense codons. Sequencing showed that oligonucleotide recombination readily covered this large library, mutating not only the target codon but also encoded silent mutations on either side of the library cassette. Together these results establish oligonucleotide recombination as a simple and powerful library mutagenesis technique and advance efforts to engineer the cell for fully in vivo directed evolution.
Reference values of mechanical and thermal pain tests in a pain‐free population
Authors: Neziril Alban Y. , Scaramozzinol Pasquale , Andersenl Ole K. , Dickensonl Anthony H. , Arendt‐Nielsenl Lars , Curatolol Michele 
Published: October 2010

AbstractQuantitative sensory tests are widely used in human research to evaluate the effect of analgesics and explore altered pain mechanisms, such as central sensitization. In order to apply these tests in clinical practice, knowledge of reference values is essential. The aim of this study was to determine the reference values of pain thresholds for mechanical and thermal stimuli, as well as withdrawal time for the cold pressor test in 300 pain‐free subjects. Pain detection and pain tolerance thresholds to pressure, heat and cold were determined at three body sites: (1) lower back, (2) suprascapular region and (3) second toe (for pressure) or the lateral aspect of the leg (for heat and cold). The influences of gender, age, height, weight, body‐mass index (BMI), body side of testing, depression, anxiety, catastrophizing and parameters of Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36) were analyzed by multiple regressions. Quantile regressions were performed to define the 5th, 10th and 25th percentiles as reference values for pain hypersensitivity and the 75th, 90th and 95th percentiles as reference values for pain hyposensitivity. Gender, age and/or the interaction of age with gender were the only variables that consistently affected the pain measures. Women were more pain sensitive than men. However, the influence of gender decreased with increasing age. In conclusion, normative values of parameters related to pressure, heat and cold pain stimuli were determined. Reference values have to be stratified by body region, gender and age. The determination of these reference values will now allow the clinical application of the tests for detecting abnormal pain reactions in individual patients.
Der Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurvey (KiGGS): Datengrundlage für eine evidenzbasierte Prävention
Authors: Schlaud Martin 
Published: October 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die Planung und Durchführung von Maßnahmen der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention sollte gestützt sein auf valide und aktuelle bevölkerungsbezogene Daten. Der Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurvey (KiGGS) wurde nicht nur im Hinblick auf Indikatoren und Determinanten des Gesundheitszustands der 0- bis 17-Jährigen in Deutschland ausgewertet, sondern es wurden aus diesen Erkenntnissen auch konkrete Empfehlungen für ein prioritäres gesundheitspolitisches Handeln abgeleitet und publiziert. Somit liefern die KiGGS-Daten einen Beitrag zur „evidenzbasierte Prävention“.
Soziale Unterschiede im Gesundheitsverhalten Jugendlicher – Anforderungen an eine sozial-sensitive Präventionspolitik
Authors: Kuntz Benjamin , Lampert Thomas 
Published: October 2010

Einleitung
Im Hinblick auf zentrale Gesundheitsverhaltensdimensionen ist von einer frühen Weichenstellung auszugehen. In jungen Jahren entwickeln sich Verhaltensmuster, welche sich im späteren Leben als relativ stabil erweisen. Aus Sicht von Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung erwächst hieraus die Chance, durch zielgruppengerechte Interventionen im Kindes- und Jugendalter nachhaltige Erfolge zu erzielen. Soziale Unterschiede im Gesundheitsverhalten Jugendlicher erfordern dabei eine sozial-sensitive Präventionspolitik.
Prävention kindlicher Adipositas: Was beeinflusst die Inanspruchnahme von Präventionsangeboten?
Authors: Warschburger Petra 
Published: October 2010

Einleitung
Präventionsangebote werden selten, besonders Risikogruppen, angenommen. Mütter 3- bis 6 jähriger Kinder wurden u.a. zu hinderlichen und förderlichen Faktoren für die Teilnahmebereitschaft befragt. Viele Mütter betrachten demnach Übergewicht nicht als relevantes Problem und unterschätzen die damit verbundenen körperlichen und psychischen Belastungen. Die Teilnahmebereitschaft war gering ausgeprägt; Hinderungsgründe wurden v.a. bezogen auf organisatorische Aspekte benannt.
,,Es geht nur mit den Eltern!‘‘ - Kriterien erfolgreicher Präventionsprogramme
Authors: Hartung Susanne , Kluwe Sabine , Sahrai Diana 
Published: October 2010

Einleitung
Für den Erfolg von Präventionsprogrammen für Kinder und Jugendliche ist die Einbeziehung ihrer Eltern unverzichtbar. Das gilt in besonderem Maße, wenn Familien aus niedrigeren sozialen Lagen mit den Programmen erreicht und unterstützt werden sollen. Wie Elternbildungsprogramme in die Lebenswelt der Familien eingebunden und auf bestehende Bedarfe und Bedürfnisse eingehen können, hat die an der Universität Bielefeld durchgeführte Evaluation dreier Elternbildungsprogramme (BEEP) untersucht.
Prävention durch Bewegung und Sport im Kindergarten
Authors: Roth Kristina , Mauer Sonja , Obinger Matthias , Hebestreit Helge 
Published: October 2010

Einleitung
Eine vielseitige körperliche Aktivität ist für die frühkindliche Entwicklung von großer Bedeutung. Bewegungsmangel bei Kindergartenkindern wird mit Übergewicht, Haltungs- und Koordinationsmängeln assoziiert. Die Wirksamkeit primärpräventiver Interventionen zur Steigerung der körperlichen Aktivität ist für dieses Alter bislang aber nicht belegt. Ziel des vorliegenden Projektes war die Entwicklung eines Bewegungsprogramms für Kindergärten und die Evaluation der Durchführbarkeit und Effektivität.
Stressprävention im Jugendalter
Authors: Lohaus Arnold 
Published: October 2010

Einleitung
Obwohl Jugendliche heute mit vielfältigen pubertätsbedingten Entwicklungsaufgaben oder vielfachen stressbezogenen Problemen konfrontiert sind, gab es bisher im deutschsprachigen Raum keine Präventionsmaßnahme, um das konkrete Bewältigungsverhalten von Jugendlichen zu unterstützen. Mit dem beschriebenen Projekt wird eine Präventionsmaßnahme zum Aufbau eines angemessenen Stressbewältigungsverhaltens für Jugendliche entwickelt und optimiert. Dabei wurden spezifische zielgruppenbezogene Maßnahmen (wie E-learning-Angebote) integriert, um die Jugendlichen besser zu erreichen.
Gesundheitsförderung übergewichtiger Auszubildender im Betrieb
Authors: Angerer Peter , Niedermeier Heike , Graf Thomas , Manthey Anke , Gündel Harald 
Published: October 2010

Einleitung
Die Wirksamkeit gesundheitsförderlicher Maßahmen für übergewichtige Jugendliche im betrieblichen Setting wurde bislang nicht untersucht. Die vom BMBF und von Praxispartnern geförderte zweijährige Interventionsstudie zielt darauf, den Effekt eines multimodalen Programms aus Ernährungsberatung, Sport und Lebenskompetenztraining, verhältnispräventiv unterstützt, auf medizinische und psychologische Zielgrößen zu messen, sowie die persönliche Perspektive der Teilnehmer auf das Projekt durch Interviews zu erfassen.
Evaluation ernährungs- und bewegungsbezogener Prävention bei sozial benachteiligten Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen - Evaluationstools für die Praxis
Authors: Mühlbach Andreas , Kolip Petra 
Published: October 2010

Einleitung
Ernährungs- und bewegungsbezogene Interventionen haben in den vergangenen Jahren verstärkt Aufmerksamkeit erhalten, wobei wissenschaftliche Begleitforschungen eher selten sind. Dennoch sind Anbieter entsprechender Interventionen daran interessiert, die Wirkung ihrer Angebote zu evaluieren und leisten damit einen Beitrag zur Evidenz bevölkerungsbezogener Maßnahmen. Dies verlangt aber Ansätze, die zwischen wissenschaftlichem Anspruch und eher pragmatischer Herangehensweise vermitteln. Ein Versuch dazu stellt die Seite www.evaluationstools.de dar.