bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Battery-Related Emergency Department Visits in the United States, 1990–2009
Authors: Sharpe Samantha J. , Rochette Lynne M. , Smith Gary A. 
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the epidemiology of battery-related emergency department (ED) visits among children &lt;18 years of age in the United States.METHODS:Using a nationally representative sample from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, battery-related ED visits in the United States from 1990 to 2009 were analyzed. Four battery exposure routes for patients were determined from diagnosis codes and case narratives: ingestion, mouth exposure, ear canal insertion, and nasal cavity insertion.RESULTS:An estimated 65 788 (95% confidence interval: 54 498–77 078) patients &lt;18 years of age presented to US EDs due to a battery-related exposure during the 20-year study period, averaging 3289 battery-related ED visits annually. The average annual battery-related ED visit rate was 4.6 visits per 100 000 children. The number (P &lt; .001) and rate (P = .002) of visits increased significantly during the study period, with substantial increases during the last 8 study years. The mean age was 3.9 years (95% confidence interval: 3.5–4.2), and 60.2% of patients were boys. Battery ingestion accounted for 76.6% of ED visits, followed by nasal cavity insertion (10.2%), mouth exposure (7.5%), and ear canal insertion (5.7%). Button batteries were implicated in 83.8% of patient visits caused by a known battery type. Most children (91.8%) were treated and released from the ED.CONCLUSIONS:This study evaluated battery-related ED visits among US children using a nationally representative sample. Batteries pose an important hazard to children, especially those ≤5 years of age. The increasing number and rate of battery-related ED visits among children underscore the need for increased prevention efforts.
Injuries Associated With Bottles, Pacifiers, and Sippy Cups in the United States, 1991–2010
Authors: Keim Sarah A. , Fletcher Erica N. , TePoel Megan R. W. , McKenzie Lara B. 
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE:To describe the epidemiology of injuries related to bottles, pacifiers, and sippy cups among young children in the United States.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted by using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for children &lt;3 years of age treated in emergency departments (1991–2010) for an injury associated with a bottle, pacifier, or sippy cup.RESULTS:An estimated 45 398 (95% confidence interval: 38 770–52 026) children aged &lt;3 years were treated in emergency departments for injuries related to these products during the study period, an average of 2270 cases per year. Most injuries involved bottles (65.8%), followed by pacifiers (19.9%) and sippy cups (14.3%). The most common mechanism was a fall while using the product (86.1% of injuries). Lacerations comprised the most common diagnosis (70.4%), and the most frequently injured body region was the mouth (71.0%). One-year-old children were injured most often. Children who were aged 1 or 2 years were nearly 2.99 times (95% confidence interval: 2.07–4.33) more likely to sustain a laceration compared with any other diagnosis. Product malfunctions were relatively uncommon (4.4% of cases).CONCLUSIONS:This study is the first to use a nationally representative sample to examine injuries associated with these products. Given the number of injuries, particularly those associated with falls while using the product, greater efforts are needed to promote proper usage, ensure safety in product design, and increase awareness of American Academy of Pediatrics’ recommendations for transitioning to a cup and discontinuing pacifier use.
Interpretation of Well Test Data from Two Hydraulically Communicating Reservoirs
Authors: Al Quaimi B. , Aminian K. , Ameri S. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Naturally fractured reservoirs (NFR) have been receiving more attention than ever since the beginning of the last decade due to various reasons. The current understanding is not sufficient to achieve a favorable recovery factor, due to the lack of effective characterization and the complex dynamic nature of the fractured system. The fact that NFR are found in many countries around the globe in almost every lithology is another justification for more interest. The majority of the fractured reservoirs around the world are developed. Therefore, before proceeding into secondary or possibly tertiary recovery processes a thorough understanding must be accomplished to avoid undesirable results. The fracture characterization is the first building block in any NFR study. This study utilized well test data to detect fractures between two communicating reservoirs. The study was inspired by a real field example in which two reservoirs, separated by a thick non-reservoir formation, are in hydraulic communication with each other. A refined simulation model was constructed to predict the type of response that would be observed in such communicating reservoirs during a well test. This paper presents the result of this study, which showed a unique shape on the derivative due to the communication through fractures. The investigation was taken further to study the impact of the first and the third layer permeabilities on the observed shape of the derivative. The impact of fracture length, fracture permeability, fracture distance from the well, and the existence of multiple fractures were also investigated.
A Field Study on the Acceptance and Use of a New Accounting System
Authors: Krishnan Ranjani , Mistry Jamshed J. , Narayanan V. G. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
This study examines the attitudes, use, and acceptance of a new accounting system in a pharmaceutical corporation that switched from an activity-based costing system to the Theory of Constraints System (TOC). Using structuration theory as a framework to understand the dynamics of the change process, we posit that user responses and attitudes toward TOC are influenced not only by the technical features of the system and the potential economic benefits, but also by the fit between TOC and existing structures, modes of mediation, and agency of the users' environment. When users interact with TOC on an ongoing basis, they form interpretations of the new system, and, based on such interpretations, they exhibit actions with respect to the use of TOC ranging from championship to rejection of the system. We explore cross-sectional variations in the use of the system and link such variations to the practical features of the new system, as well as the social structures of the users' environments.
Severe Hypoglycemia and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Gruden Gabriella , Barutta Federica , Chaturvedi Nish , Schalkwijk Casper , Stehouwer Coen D. , Witte Daniel R. , Fuller John H. , Cavallo Perin Paolo , Bruno Graziella 
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE
Frequent episodes of severe hypoglycemia may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with diabetes. Our aim was to study the relationship between severe hypoglycemic episodes and CVD incidence in subjects with type 1 diabetes, and further, to assess if markers of inflammation/endothelial injury were enhanced in individuals who experienced hypoglycemic episodes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The prospective study included 2,181 type 1 diabetic patients from the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. At baseline, frequency of self-reported severe hypoglycemia, defined as episodes serious enough to require the help of another person, was assessed based on responses to a patient questionnaire. Both fatal/nonfatal CVD was assessed 7.3 years after baseline examination. At the follow-up visit, data on both severe and nonsevere hypoglycemic episodes in the previous year were collected through a questionnaire and markers of inflammation/stress response/endothelial injury measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in the 531 subjects of the nested case-control study, including 363 case subjects with one or more complications of diabetes and 168 control subjects with no evidence of any complication.

RESULTS
During the follow-up period, 176 patients had incident CVD. Logistic regression analysis showed that severe hypoglycemia at the baseline examination was not associated with incidence of CVD (adjusted odds ratios [95% CI]: one to two episodes, 0.87 [0.55–1.37]; three or more episodes, 1.09 [0.68–1.75]). Furthermore, follow-up serum levels of markers of endothelial damage/inflammation were not cross-sectionally associated with the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes.

CONCLUSIONS
Taken together our data do not support the hypothesis that in type 1 diabetes, severe hypoglycemia increases the risk of CVD.
Analysis of Glucose Responses to Automated Insulin Suspension With Sensor-Augmented Pump Therapy
Authors: Ly Trang T. , Nicholas Jennifer A. , Retterath Adam , Davis Elizabeth A. , Jones Timothy W. 
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE
The advent of sensor-augmented pump therapy with a low-glucose suspend (LGS) function (Medtronic Paradigm Veo System), allowing insulin to be automatically suspended for up to 2 h when sensor glucose falls below a preset threshold, has the potential to reduce the duration of hypoglycemia. In this article, we analyzed blood glucose profiles following a full 2-h insulin suspension activated by the LGS function, as well as examined different patterns of use among patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data from a cohort of participants using the Veo System for up to 6 months were analyzed to determine the time and duration of insulin suspension activated by the LGS function. We further evaluated overnight suspend events with no patient response occurring prior to 3:00 a.m., which allowed us to determine the pattern of sensor glucose values with no patient intervention during and after the period of insulin suspension.

RESULTS
There were 3,128 LGS events during the 2,493 days evaluated. The median duration was 11.2 min, and 36% of events occurred overnight. There were 126 full 2-h suspend events that occurred overnight with no patient response, occurring before 3:00 a.m. For these events, the mean sensor glucose at the end of the 2-h suspend period was 99 ± 6 mg/dL ([means ± SE] 5.5 ± 0.3 mmol/L). The mean sensor glucose 2 h after insulin delivery resumed was 155 ± 10 mg/dL (8.6 ± 0.6 mmol/L). There were no episodes of severe hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis.

CONCLUSIONS
Analyses of sensor glucose patterns following insulin suspension activated by LGS suggest that this technology is safe and unlikely to be associated with adverse outcomes.
Lessons Learned from Inter-Professional Diabetes Educators in Diabetes Shared Medical Appointments
Authors: Watts Sharon A. , O'Day Mary Ellen , Pascuzzi-Frangella Kristina M. 
Published: May 2012

In Brief
Diabetes educators have valued and unique skills in the art and science of diabetes management that are beneficial in the delivery of shared medical appointments (SMAs). These contributions augment and expand the medical model of intervention in chronic disease because psychosocial concerns and behavior change are integral to successful outcomes. This article reflects on lessons learned from a multidisciplinary team of diabetes health care professionals with a strong diabetes education background who have been delivering comprehensive diabetes care for more than 6 years in an SMA model.
Evaluating a Culturally and Linguistically Competent Health Coach Intervention for Chinese-American Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Ivey Susan L. , Tseng Winston , Kurtovich Elaine , Weir Rosy Chang , Liu Jing , Song Hui , Wang May , Hubbard Alan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground. Type 2 diabetes is a growing concern among medically underserved Chinese Americans. However, very few interventions have been developed or adapted for Chinese Americans with diabetes.Objective. To use a participatory research approach to evaluate the effectiveness of a culturally tailored, linguistically appropriate model for diabetes care employing health coaches to improve A1C levels among Chinese-American patients in a federally qualified health center setting.Methods. We compared change in A1C between intervention participants (n = 46), who received a health coaching intervention, and control participants (n = 46), who received usual care over a period of ~ 6 months.Results. Intervention participants showed a decrease in mean A1C at follow-up (−0.40%) compared to control subjects (+0.04%), although this difference was not statistically significant. At the 6-month follow-up, a significantly higher percentage of intervention participants (45.7%) had well-controlled A1C levels compared to control subjects (23.9%) (P = 0.048).Conclusions. It is feasible to implement a culturally tailored, linguistically appropriate teamlet model of care for Chinese Americans with type 2 diabetes. Such a model may be helpful in reducing A1C levels. Given trends in A1C improvement during a 6-month pilot, future randomized trials with a larger sample capable of providing adequate statistical power to detect improvements are warranted.
Qualitative Evaluation of the Canadian Fabry Disease Initiative
Authors: Embrett Mark , MacKinnon Neil J. 
Published: May 2012

Background: In late 2005, the federal and provincial governments responded to an increasing demand from physicians and their patients with Fabry disease for access to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). This response took the form of a nationwide clinical research study, the Canadian Fabry Disease Initiative (CFDI). Patients who enrolled as participants in this longitudinal study received 1 of 2 ERT treatments. The present study used a qualitative evaluative approach to describe the perspectives of various key stakeholders regarding the CFDI and its potential as a model for providing access to expensive drugs for rare diseases. Methods: The CFDI was evaluated from the perspectives of 4 groups of key informants: patients, CFDI investigators, policy-makers and pharmaceutical manufacturers. The qualitative methods strategy used for the study involved semistructured interviews, a holistic-inductive design and content analysis. Results: Eighteen participants were interviewed. The study revealed that stakeholders held the following perceptions about the CFDI. The CFDI was created as a response to a drug reimbursement problem in Canada. Through specialist physicians, the CFDI has provided ERT to patients with Fabry disease across the country. The CFDI established a national database for collecting and monitoring the incidence of Fabry disease and information about ERT. The CFDI represented a collaborative effort among the various stakeholders (federal, provincial, pharmaceutical), but no stakeholder group thought that the CFDI was the correct response to the need for access to ERT. Finally, the CFDI can and should be redesigned, through modification of either its governing structure or its outcome goals. Discussion: The CFDI was a prototype for sharing the costs of expensive therapies for rare diseases. It has provided ERT to many patients with Fabry disease for several years. However, it was poorly designed to meet its outcome goals and has been unable to provide therapy to all individuals with the disease. Therefore, many stakeholders saw this initiative as an inappropriate solution. Conclusions: The CFDI has not met the expectations of key informant groups and some modifications may be necessary. A registry study might better accomplish the CFDI's original goals of providing access to treatment, gathering data and monitoring patients' progress.
Quitter l'Afghanistan : oui mais comment ?
Authors: Fuchs Gérard 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Un retrait rapide d’Afghanistan est justifié selon Gérard Fuchs. Mais comment le conduire ? L’auteur préconise dans cet article l’organisation rapide d’une conférence réunissant tous les acteurs du drame afghan. Il dresse ainsi la liste des invités : les acteurs de terrain – le camp du Président Karzaï, les talibans et le Pakistan –, les acteurs de la périphérie – l’Inde, l’Iran et l’Arabie Saoudite –, et enfin les grandes puissances – les États-Unis, la Chine et la Russie –. Il analyse les intérêts et objectifs de ces acteurs et définit, à partir de ce puzzle d’intérêts contradictoires, les concessions nécessaires à la paix, auxquelles chacun d’eux, et principalement l’Afghanistan et le Pakistan, doit consentir. Selon lui, la France ne peut plus se contenter de s’aligner sur les décisions prises à Washington.
Analysis of NHSLA Claims in Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Khan Irfan H. , Jamil Wiqqas , Lynn Sam Mathew , Khan Osman H. , Markland Kate , Giddins Grey 
Published: May 2012

National Health Service (NHS) statistics in the United Kingdom demonstrate an increase in clinical negligence claims over the past 30 years. Reasons for this include elements of a cultural shift in attitudes toward the medical profession and the growth of the legal services industry. This issue affects medical and surgical health providers worldwide.
The authors analyzed 2117 NHS Litigation Authority (NHSLA) orthopedic surgery claims between 1995 and 2001 with respect to these clinical areas: emergency department, outpatient care, surgery (elective or trauma operations), and inpatient care. The authors focused on the costs of settling and defending claims, costs attributable to clinical areas, common causes of claims, and claims relating to elective or trauma surgery. Numbers of claims and legal costs increased most notably in surgery (elective and trauma) and in the emergency department. However, claims are being defended more robustly. The annual cost for a successful defense has remained relatively stable, showing a slight decline. The common causes of claims are postoperative complication; wrong, delayed, or failure of diagnosis; inadequate consent; and wrong-site surgery. Certain surgical specialties (eg, spine and lower-limb surgery) have the most claims made during elective surgery, whereas upper-limb surgery has the most claims made during trauma surgery.
The authors recommend that individual trusts liaise with orthopedic surgeons to devise strategies to address areas highlighted in our study. Despite differences in health care systems worldwide, the underlying issues are common. With improved understanding, physicians can deliver the service they promise their patients.
Osteoarticular Allograft Reconstruction for Hill-Sachs Lesion in an Adolescent
Authors: Nathan Senthil T. , Parikh Shital N. 
Published: May 2012

Glenoid and humeral head bone loss is the most common cause of failure after surgical shoulder instability stabilization. Large Hill-Sachs lesions involving >30% of the articular surface of the humeral head typically occur after neglected or locked shoulder dislocations. Such large lesions may require osteochondral allograft reconstruction or prosthetic replacement to regain shoulder stability and function.
Previous reports of osteochondral allograft reconstruction have focused on adults. This article describes a case of a 16-year-old autistic boy who sustained an anterior dislocation of the right shoulder following a seizure episode. The dislocation was diagnosed 12 days later as a progressive deformity, and his parents noticed his inability to use his upper extremity. The patient had a large (30%) humeral head Hill-Sachs lesion and persistent anterior shoulder instability after initial closed reduction. He underwent an open osteochondral allograft reconstruction for the restoration of the humeral head articular surface. The sizing of the defect, matching harvest of the allograft, and perfect fit of the allograft to the defect are critical steps to ensure congruent restoration of the humeral head. The allograft was stabilized in the defect of the humeral head using cancellous screws placed from below the articular surface. Radiographs 20 months postoperatively showed complete incorporation of the osteochondral allograft. At 30 months postoperatively, his shoulder was stable and functional.
Prosthesis-free Solution for Below-knee Amputations
Authors: Lal Hitesh , Sharma Deepak Kumar , Mittal Deepak 
Published: May 2012

The Ilizarov fixator can be used as a bone regenerator to correct limb-length discrepancies in patients who require limb lengthening.
A 17-year-old man presented with 12 cm of left lower-limb shortening and amputation at the left mid-forefoot region, which was the result of severe burns of the left lower limb at 2 years of age. The burns damaged the distal femoral, proximal, and distal tibial physes. Scarring around knee and leg acted as a bowstring and slowed normal longitudinal femoral and tibial bone growth. The patient wished to be prosthesis free. Limb lengthening was performed with the Ilizarov fixator. The patient became prosthesis free and was able to perform activities of daily living wearing normal footwear, which was possible because the patient had a good heel pad. The patient can walk on a normal limb with no prosthesis, the significant advantage being the right proprioceptive feedback it gives the patient during ambulation because it is sensate.
This technique can be used in other patients with below-knee amputations in which the tibial amputated end can be given a myoplasty cover or padding nearly as good as a heel. Subsequently, tibiae can be lengthened, and patients can be made to bear weight on artificial heels.
Central Corneal Volume and Endothelial Cell Count Following Femtosecond Laser–assisted Refractive Cataract Surgery Compared to Conventional Phacoemulsification
Authors: Takács Ágnes I. , Kovács Illés , Miháltz Kata , Filkorn Tamás , Knorz Michael C. , Nagy Zoltán Z. 
Published: May 2012

PURPOSE:
To compare the effect of conventional phacoemulsification and femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery on the cornea using Scheimpflug imaging and noncontact specular microscopy.

METHODS:
In each group, 38 eyes (38 patients) underwent cataract surgery using either femtosecond laser–assisted (Alcon LenSx laser) (femtolaser group) or conventional phacoemulsification (phaco group). Central corneal thickness, 3-mm corneal volume, and Pentacam Nucleus Staging (PNS) were determined by a rotating Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam HR, Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH), and the volume stress index was calculated at 1 day and 1 month postoperatively. Endothelial cell count was measured by noncontact specular microscopy preoperatively, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Central corneal thickness was significantly higher in the phaco group (607±91 μm) than in the femtolaser group (580±42 μm) on day 1, but did not differ significantly preoperatively and at 1 week and 1 month. Volume stress index at day 1 was significantly lower in the femtolaser group than in the phaco group (
P
<.05) but did not differ significantly at 1 month. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the type of surgery had a significant effect on central corneal thickness.

CONCLUSIONS:
Femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery causes less corneal swelling in the early postoperative period and may cause less trauma to corneal endothelial cells than manual phacoemulsification.