bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of dermatopathology in conjunction with teledermatology in resource‐limited settings: lessons from the African Teledermatology Project
Authors: Tsang Matthew W. , Kovarik Carrie L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground  Access to dermatology and dermatopathology services is scarce in sub‐Saharan Africa. Teledermatology provides consultations for healthcare providers in resource‐limited settings where specialty medical services are difficult to obtain, and the African Teledermatology Project has helped to bridge the gap in dermatological care in Africa. This program also allows for biopsy specimens to be sent to the USA for processing in cases where the clinical diagnosis is difficult and definitive diagnosis has implications for patient management. This study characterizes conditions diagnosed through clinicopathological correlation in conjunction with photos and tissue submitted to the African Teledermatology Project.Materials and methods  Retrospective case review of tissue specimens submitted over three years.Results  Fifty‐five biopsy specimens met inclusion criteria and represent cases of malignancy (35%), infection (7%), suspected infection (15%), lichenoid tissue reaction (5%), dermatitis (15%), and other various conditions (18%). Three biopsy specimens were non‐diagnostic (5%). Clinicopathological concordance between submitting clinician and biopsy results occurred in 32 out of 55 cases (58%). Clinical and pathological diagnoses differed in 21 out of 55 cases (38%). Kaposi sarcoma (KS) represents the clinical diagnosis most often suspected in the evaluated biopsy specimens (42%) and was correctly recognized clinically in 13 out of 23 cases (57%).Conclusion  Clinical images may not provide sufficient information to definitively diagnose certain infectious and malignant dermatological conditions submitted through telemedicine consultation. Microscopic examination of skin biopsy specimens is an important adjunct for accurate diagnosis of disease and determination of appropriate treatment strategies.
Clinical presentation and management of dermatological toxicities of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors
Authors: Balagula Yevgeniy , Garbe Claus , Myskowski Patricia L. , Hauschild Axel , Rapoport Bernardo L. , Boers‐Doets Christine B. , Lacouture Mario E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe last decade in oncology has been highlighted by the emergence of novel, highly specific anti‐cancer agents, targeting a variety of molecular structures and able to inhibit aberrantly activated oncogenic pathways. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) represent one type of such “targeted” agents. Their use made treatment more tolerable and resulted in significant reduction of systemic adverse effects. However, EGFRIs are associated with toxicities affecting the skin and adnexal structures, and mucosal surfaces that affect the majority of treated patients. Significant dermatologic toxicities have changed the role and involvement of dermatologists in their care. It is essential to be familiar with these adverse effects, potential complications, long‐term sequelae, and available effective treatment strategies in order to appropriately manage these patients. This review will describe the clinical presentation, histopathology, underlying mechanisms, and management options, emphasizing evidence‐based approaches.
The effect of tannic acid and polyethylene glycol on the absorption capacity of chicken intestine for d‐xylose and β‐carotene
Authors: Mansoori B. , Modirsanei M. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryIn an experiment, the possible influence of tannic acid (TA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the absorption capacity of intestine for d‐xylose and β‐carotene in broiler chicken was investigated. Four groups of nine 28‐day‐old broiler cockerels received d‐xylose (500 mg) and β‐carotene (52 μg) solutions (Group 1 to 4) with TA (1 g, Group 2 to 4) and PEG (500 mg Group 3 and 1 g Group 4), orally. One blood sample prior to, and four others after the administration of test materials, were collected from wing vein on 40 min basis, for 160 min and the concentration of plasma d‐xylose was determined. The concentration of β‐carotene was also measured in plasma of blood samples taken prior to and 160 min post‐administration of the test materials. Plasma d‐xylose concentration of all groups showed quadratic correlations with time (p < 0.001, r2 = 0.84, 0.60, 0.70 and 0.74 for Group 1 to 4, respectively). Administration of TA reduced the plasma concentration of d‐xylose in Group 2. However, feeding PEG after TA raised the concentration of d‐xylose in Group 4 to the level that there was no difference in that variable between this group and Group 1. Although the plasma concentration of β‐carotene was increased in 160 min post‐ingestion of the test material, no difference was found in that variable among the experimental groups. In conclusion, TA and its interaction with PEG have impacts on the absorption capacity of intestine for d‐xylose and highly likely other simple sugars, but TA or PEG have no influence on the absorption of β‐carotene and most probably other fat soluble vitamins.
Distinct and combined effects of acute immobilization and chronic isolation stress on MAO activity and antioxidative protection in the heart of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Djordjevic J. , Jasnic N. , Vujovic P. , Lakic I. , Djurasevic S. , Gavrilovic Lj. , Cvijic G. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryThe heart is an organ especially sensitive to the sympathetic overstimulation and therefore to the influence of stressors and hypertension. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of two distinct types of stressors, acute immobilization (2 h) and chronic isolation stress (21 days), as well as their combined effect on the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO), superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT) and the ascorbic acid (AA) content in the heart of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The results obtained show that in basal conditions heart MAO and CAT activity (p < 0.05), as well as AA concentration (p < 0.01) were higher in SHR than in normotensive ones. The acute immobilization significantly decreased heart MAO activity in both examined strains (p < 0.01). On the other hand, chronic isolation, separately or in combination with immobilization, did not affect this enzyme, in the heart of either hypertensive or normotensive rats, which was associated with the reduced antioxidative protection (p < 0.01, p < 0.05).
Hydrogen resuscitation, a new cytoprotective approach
Authors: Zheng Xing‐Feng , Sun Xue‐Jun , Xia Zhao‐Fan 
Published: January 2011

Summary1. Hydrogen is a colourless, odourless, tasteless and flammable gas. Hydrogen is considered a physiologically inert gas and is often used in deep sea diving medicine. In mammals, endogenous hydrogen is produced as a result of the fermentation of non‐digestible carbohydrates by intestinal bacteria and it is absorbed into the systemic circulation.2. Recent evidence indicates that hydrogen is a potent anti‐oxidative, anti‐apoptotic and anti‐inflammatory agent and so may have potential medical application. The present review evaluates the concept of ‘hydrogen resuscitation’, based on knowledge that hydrogen treatment effectively protects cells, tissues and organs against oxidative injury and helps them recover from dysfunction.3. Hydrogen therapy can be delivered by inhalation, the administration of hydrogen‐enriched fluid or by approaches that affect endogenous hydrogen production.4. Studies have shown that hydrogen resuscitation has cytoprotective effects in different cell types and disease models, including ischaemia–reperfusion injury, inflammation, toxicity, trauma and metabolic disease. The underlying mechanism may be the selective elimination of hydroxyl radicals, although other mechanisms may also be involved (e.g. hydrogen functioning as a gaseous signalling molecule).5. Hydrogen resuscitation may have several potential advantages over current pharmacological therapies for oxidative injuries. However, more work is needed to identify the precise mechanism underlying the actions of hydrogen and to validate its therapeutic potential in the clinical setting.
Renal inflammation, autoimmunity and salt‐sensitive hypertension
Authors: Rodríguez‐Iturbe Bernardo , Franco Martha , Tapia Edilia , Quiroz Yasmir , Johnson Richard J 
Published: January 2011

Summary1. The present article reviews the role of immune‐competent cells infiltrating the kidney and their association with oxidative stress and renal angiotensin activity in the development of salt‐sensitive hypertension.2. We discuss changes in the pressure–natriuresis relationship resulting from renal inflammation and its improvement resulting from immunosuppressive treatment.3. The potential role of T‐cell‐driven reactivity in sustaining the renal inflammation is examined in the light of accumulating evidence of autoimmune mechanisms in experimental and clinical hypertension.
Improving nutritional status of children with cystic fibrosis at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital
Authors: van der Spuy Dorothy A , Cader Shihaam , van der Spuy Gian D , Westwood Anthony T 
Published: January 2011

Aim:  To determine the nutritional status of children attending a cystic fibrosis clinic in a tertiary hospital in South Africa and compare it to previously reported 10‐year rates.Methods:  Weights and heights were measured of 69 (37 male and 32 female) children aged between 1 year and 18 years. Expected weight‐for‐age, expected height‐for‐age, expected weight‐for‐height and body mass index (BMI) were compared with international standards for underweight, stunting, wasting and BMI goal.Results:  The nutritional status of the patients has improved over the last 10 years, most significantly for wasting, which decreased from 58.3% in 1996 to 15.9% in 2006 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.315–14.09, P < 0.05). Fifty‐two percent of the children were underweight in 2006, compared with 66.7% in 1996 (95% CI, 0.044–13.96, P < 0.05). Stunting was found in 31.9% of the current sample. Females over 15 years had expected weight‐for‐age 25.9% lower than those between 10 years and 15 years, while no difference was found between the male age groups. Female height‐for‐age was 7.06 percentage points greater than males between 10 years and 15 years (95% CI, 2.16–11.96, P < 0.01). Males between 10 years and 15 years had significantly lower BMIs than the corresponding female group. Coloured patients had significantly lower BMIs than white patients in all age groups.Conclusions:  These children demonstrated continuing improvement in nutritional status, although deficits remain. The normalisation of mean weight‐for‐age and weight‐for‐height with far fewer wasted patients is encouraging. Interventions are needed in some areas to ensure that all children show progress.
Maternal reasons for non‐immunisation and partial immunisation in northern Nigeria
Authors: Babalola Stella 
Published: January 2011

Aim:  To compare maternal reasons for non‐immunisation and for partial immunisation in northern Nigeria, and determine the link between specific reasons and future intentions to immunise.Methods:  Responses to open‐ended questions collected through a 2007 questionnaire survey were individually coded for key words using the regexm command in Stata (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). Simple percentages are used to analyse the differences in reasons for non‐immunisation and partial immunisation. Logistic regression serves to assess the relationship between specific reasons for non‐immunisation and future intentions to immunise.Results:  The reasons for non‐immunisation generally differ from those advanced for partial immunisation. In general, reasons for non‐immunisation have to do with ideational and normative factors. In contrast, supply‐side factors are the reasons most often advanced for partial immunisation, although lack of knowledge also plays a strong role. Some reasons for non‐immunisation are more compatible with future intention to immunise than others.Conclusions:  Efforts to promote the uptake of immunisation need to address both demand‐ and supply‐side factors. Increasing knowledge about immunisation, changing negative attitudes about immunisation, debunking myths and rumours about immunisation, and addressing religious, ethnic and political bases for resistance to immunisation are necessary to encourage parents to initiate child immunisation. To promote timely completion of immunisation schedule, programmes will need to improve vaccine supply, strengthen provider's capacity for quality service and increase community knowledge about immunisation.
Two color flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes in HTLV‐I‐carrier children
Authors: SATO TAKAMI , YANAGISAWA MASAYOSHI , MUCHI HIROMU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPhenotypic changes in lymphocytes from healthy children with antibody for human T lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV‐I) were studied using two color flow cytometry. The subjects were high school students within a small district of Kyushu, Japan. In the carrier group, a subset of lymphocytes which expressed CD8+CD57+ was significantly lower in percentage (P < 0.01) and in number (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between carriers and non‐carriers in the percentage and number of CD4+ Leu8+cells or CD4+ HLA‐DR+ cells. The IgG levels were slightly higher in carriers than in non‐carriers (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that HTLV‐I‐infected cells may affect the immune system in healthy carrier children.
The in vivo and in vitro postantibiotic effect of aminoglycosides using a clinically isolated micro‐organism
Authors: ARAI SHOJIRO , KAWAMURA REIKO , KAMIYA HITOSHI , ISHII TAKAHIRO , SAKURAI MINORU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe reported a case of abscess in which Serratia marcescens was isolated as the causative organism. We measured the postantibiotic effect (PAE) of dibekacin (DKB) and gentamicin (GM) against S. marcescens and studied the relationship between the clinical effect and the PAE. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DKB against S. marcescens was 6.25 μg/mL and the serum concentration 30 min after infusion of 100 mg DKB was 5.99 μg/mL. The abscess was cured by the administration of DKB every 12 h. The PAE in vivo was 2.5, 2.9 and 3.3 h when DKB was administered at 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively. This PAE is one of the reasons that infection can be effectively treated with intermittent administration, even if the serum concentration is below the MIC.
Role of vagotony in sinus node dysfunction in children with symptomatic congenital long QT syndrome
Authors: MATSUOKA SUGURU , AKITA HIROSHI , TAKAHASHI YOSHIO , NISHIOKA ATSUKO , KURODA YASUHIRO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe present study examined chronotropic dysfunction and the role of vagotony in congenital long QT syndrome, sinus node function and the effects of parasympathetic blockade. Six patients with congenital long QT syndrome were studied. The four males and two females, aged 1–15 years, had episodes of syncope and malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Congenital long QT syndrome was defined as a corrected QT interval greater than 0.45 s, T wave alternans and the age at diagnosis.The sinus heart rate measured from a 24 h electrocardiograph was abnormally low (< 50 min) in three patients (1, 4 and 5 years old) and did not increase sufficiently with the administration of atropine in five of the six patients with congenital long QT syndrome. From intracardiac electrophysiological studies, the corrected sinus node recovery time was prolonged in three patients and the total sinoatrial conduction time was prolonged in two patients. In most patients who had an abnormally long sinoatrial conduction time and corrected sinus node recovery time, these values returned to normal following atropine administration. In one patient, the corrected sinus node recovery time was prolonged paradoxically by atropine. Sinus node dysfunction in congenital long QT syndrome was affected by vagotony associated with a right sympathetic nerve system abnormality.
Peripheral expansion of ωδT cell receptor‐positive cells in a patient with Crohn's disease
Authors: HARA TOSHIRO , MATSUMOTO TADASHI , MIZUNO YUMI , NISHIZAKI MARI , UEDA KOHJI , MOTOOKA MAKOTO , KIMURA NOBUHIRO , OSHIMI KAZUO , OHGA SHOICHI , YOSHIKAI YASUNOBU 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA13 year old boy with Crohn's disease had a prominent expansion (over 40%) of ωδT cell receptor‐positive cells (ωδT cells) in the peripheral blood. The ωδT cells were gradually decreased from 48 to 22% in 18 months. Anti‐ωδT cell receptor‐triggered cytotoxicity was evident at onset and after 1 year. The significance of peripheral expansion of ωδT cells in a patient with Crohn's disease is discussed.
Dilated cardiomyopathy in a patient receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Authors: OHMOTO SHUKO , MIHARA SEIKO , FUJINO MITSUYOSHI , MORITA TETSURO , MORITA KOICHI , KOUNO KOJI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe describe a unique case of a 10 year old girl with dilated cardiomyopathy who has been receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. She responded to treatment with a β1‐agonist. We note that electrocardiography and echocardiography are effective for early recognition of the onset of dilated cardiomyopathy and that a thallium scan should be performed to assess the severity of dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.
Transient scoliosis in a child with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: IWATA FUJIHIKO , HANAWA YOSHIO , TAKASHIMA HIROTADA , JOE TAKETOSHI 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn 8 year old girl was admitted to hospital complaining of arthralgia in a few large joints. According to the clinical course and serological tests, a diagnosis of a polyarticular type of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis was made. About 6 weeks after the onset, scoliosis was observed. The curvature regressed spontaneously over the following 6 months.Generally, scoliosis associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis has been noted a few years after the onset. A transient scoliosis in the early phase of this disease is rare.
An autopsied case of Williams syndrome complicated by moyamoya disease
Authors: KAWAI MIE , NISHIKAWA TOSHIO , TANAKA MASATO , ANDO AKIKO , KASAJIMA TAKESHI , HIGA TAKASHI , TANIKAWA TATSUYA , KAGAWA MIZUO , MOMMA KAZUO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn 18 year old girl with typical clinical features of Williams syndrome suddenly died of intracerebral hemorrhage due to moyamoya disease. Autopsy revealed vascular abnormalities, such as supravalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) and an abnormal complicated cerebrovascular network in the cerebral arteries. The arterial wall of the SAS lesion consisted of thickened medial tissue showing elastic disorganization with prominence of the smooth muscle cells. The narrowed vessels of the circle of Willis showed intimal thickening with an extremely wavy internal elastic lamina and marked thinning of the media. To our knowledge, this is the first report of moyamoya disease associated with Williams syndrome.
Polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of infectious diseases
Authors: NARITA MITSUO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been utilized and demonstrated to be useful for detecting minute amounts of a wide variety of infectious agents. In such studies, one must keep in mind that the most appropriate conditions for amplification vary with organisms of interest. In this study, PCR was used as a rapid and sensitive method for detecting infectious agents for which three assay systems were devised comprising the method for the amplification of human T cell leukemia virus type I, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The possibility of vertical transmission of human T cell leukemia virus type I through cord blood was demonstrated using cord blood mononuclear cells from carrier mothers of this virus. In the study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, PCR was shown to be efficient, particularly in detecting this organism in extrapulmonary cases. Evidence of direct invasion into the central nervous system by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and the concomitant occurrence of mycoplasmaemia in the mycoplasmal central nervous system involvement was obtained using PCR. These results validated the potential of PCR in the clinical research of infectious diseases.
Granulocyte elastase α1‐proteinase inhibitor complex measurement in very low birthweight infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage
Authors: TAKASAKI JIRO , KAMIYA KENJI , OGAWA YUNOSUKE , TANAKA TAIHEI , KOYAMA NORIHISA 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between the levels of granulocyte elastase α1‐proteinase inhibitor complex (E‐α1‐PI) in plasma and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in very low birthweight infants. The concentrations of E‐α1‐PI and the ratio of the concentrations of E‐α1‐PI to polymorphonuclear leucocyte counts within 24 h of birth in infants with severe IVH were significantly higher compared with those in infants without severe IVH. E‐α1‐PI seems to be a useful indicator of IVH.
Increased type III/I collagen and α1(I)/α2(l) chain in a bronchopulmonary dysplastic lung
Authors: TOGARI HAJIME , HASHIMOTO YOKO , WADA YOSHIRO , HAYAKAWA TARO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe type ratio of collagen III/I and molecule ratio of α1(I)/α2(I) were analysed in lungs from five infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and seven control infants. All five BPD lungs showed typical characteristics, with pulmonary fibrosis and irregular cystic formation at postmortem examination. A pepsin digestion technique followed by interrupted gel electrophoresis was performed for the determination and molecular analysis of collagens III and I. The ratio of collagen types III and I were significantly increased in BPD lung (P < 0.005). The ratio of α1(I) and α2(I) were also significantly increased in BPD lung (P < 0.05). It is likely that collagen III is predominantly increased and that the α1(I) trimer is formed in the active stage of BPD lungs.
Recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor therapy for cyclic neutropenia associated with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: TSUDA MASAHIKO , URAKAMI TATSUHIKO , WATANABE SHUICHIRO , SHIMIZU HISASHI , INANA ICHIRO , KIKKAWA YUMIO , KITAGAWA TERUO 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA 14 year old boy with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) had regularly recurring episodes of severe infections independently of the serum γ‐globulin level. Serial blood counts revealed that this patient also had cyclic neutropenia. Recently, recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF) was reported to be an effective treatment for this disease. We tried rhG‐CSF therapy for this patient and a prompt increase in the neutrophil count was noted. However, the cyclic alterations and duration of the nadir of the neutrophil count were not altered, which suggested that rhG‐CSF has a variable efficacy in at least some patients with cyclic neutropenia.