bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laughter yoga versus group exercise program in elderly depressed women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shahidi Mahvash , Mojtahed Ali , Modabbernia Amirhossein , Mojtahed Mohammad , Shafiabady Abdollah , Delavar Ali , Honari Habib 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundLaughter Yoga founded by M. Kataria is a combination of unconditioned laughter and yogic breathing. Its effect on mental and physical aspects of healthy individuals was shown to be beneficial.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Kataria's Laughter Yoga and group exercise therapy in decreasing depression and increasing life satisfaction in older adult women of a cultural community of Tehran, Iran.MethodsSeventy depressed old women who were members of a cultural community of Tehran were chosen by Geriatric depression scale (score > 10). After completion of Life Satisfaction Scale pre‐test and demographic questionnaire, subjects were randomized into three groups of laughter therapy, exercise therapy, and control. Subsequently, depression post‐test and life satisfaction post‐test were done for all three groups. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and Bonferroni's correction.ResultsSixty subjects completed the study. The analysis revealed a significant difference in decrease in depression scores of both Laughter Yoga and exercise therapy group in comparison to control group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). There was no significant difference between Laughter Yoga and exercise therapy groups. The increase in life satisfaction of Laughter Yoga group showed a significant difference in comparison with control group (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between exercise therapy and either control or Laughter Yoga group.ConclusionOur findings showed that Laughter Yoga is at least as effective as group exercise program in improvement of depression and life satisfaction of elderly depressed women. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones in water using novel water‐soluble chiral monosulfonamide ligands
Authors: Zhou Zhongqiang , Ma Qiong , Sun Yong , Zhang Aiqing , Li Lin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNovel water‐soluble analogues of Noyori's (R,R)‐N‐(p‐tolylsulfonyl)‐1,2‐diphenylethyl‐ enediamine and Knochel's (R,R)‐N‐(p‐tolylsulfonyl)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane, containing an additional quaternary ammonium group, have been synthesized. The ruthenium catalysts prepared in situ by reacting chiral monosulfonamides with [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 afforded high conversion rates and enantiomeric excess (ee) values in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones in aqueous HCOONa. Furthermore, the catalyst could be easily recovered and reused at least five times without obvious loss of ee value. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:505–514, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20641
P2X7 receptor differentially modulates astroglial apoptosis and clasmatodendrosis in the rat brain following status epilepticus
Authors: Kim Ji‐Eun , Ryu Hea Jin , Yeo Seong‐Il , Kang Tae‐Cheon 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRecently, it has been reported that astroglial loss/dysfunction plays a role in epileptogenesis. In addition, astroglial loss is accompanied by up‐regulation of P2X7 receptor expression in microglia. Therefore, we investigated whether P2X7 receptor is involved in astroglial damages induced by status epilepticus (SE). In the present study, astroglial loss showed the regional‐specific manner and the differential responses to P2X7 receptor functions. Both OxATP and brilliant blue G (P2X7 receptor antagonists) infusion prevented apoptotic astroglial loss in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and the frontoparietal cortex, while it promoted clasmatodendrosis in the CA1 region as compared to saline treatment. In contrast, BzATP (a P2X7 receptor agonist) treatment exacerbated apoptotic astroglial loss in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and the frontoparietal cortex, but alleviated SE‐induced astroglial swelling in the CA1 region. Astroglial loss in the piriform cortex was not affected by P2X7 receptor agonist‐ or antagonist‐infusion. These findings suggest that P2X7 receptor function differently modulates SE‐induced astroglial loss in distinct brain regions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring recollection and familiarity in the medial temporal lobe
Authors: Wixted John T. , Mickes Laura , Squire Larry R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMany recent studies have investigated how the structures of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) support recollection and familiarity, which are two processes widely thought to support recognition memory. The behavioral methods that are used to isolate recollection and familiarity in neuroimaging and lesion studies typically assume that recollection is a categorical process and not a continuous process. A categorical process is one that either occurs or does not occur for a particular test item (yielding high confidence and high accuracy when it does occur), whereas a continuous process is one that comes in degrees (yielding varying degrees of confidence and accuracy). Studies suggesting that the hippocampus selectively supports the recollection process (such as those that use the Remember/Know procedure or rely on Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis) generally depend on the categorical view of recollection, but much recent evidence suggests that recollection is a continuous process. If recollection is a continuous process (i.e., if recollection comes in degrees), then evidence that has been taken to mean that the hippocampus selectively supports recollection is also compatible with the idea that the hippocampus supports both recollection and familiarity. We suggest that an alternative method can be used to effectively investigate recollection and familiarity in the MTL, one that is valid whether recollection is a categorical or a continuous process. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early life stress followed by subsequent adult chronic stress potentiates anxiety and blunts hippocampal structural remodeling
Authors: Eiland Lisa , McEwen Bruce S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEarly life stress produces long‐term alterations in cognition, emotionality, and stress responsiveness. The stress‐sensitive hippocampal formation plays a role in producing many of these alterations. We report that adult male rats exposed to early life stress, in the form of maternal separation (MS), exhibit baseline impairment of hippocampal dependent memory and following three weeks of chronic restraint stress (CRS) exhibit heightened anxiety‐like behavior and alterations in the morphology of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. Specifically, as measured by the object placement task, MS offspring demonstrated impaired spatial memory compared with nonmaternally separated rats (NMS). Moreover, compared with NMS rats, subsequent CRS exposure of MS rats increased novelty‐induced corticosterone secretion and potentiated anxiety‐like behavior as measured by the elevated plus maze. Further, CRS exposed MS rats did not exhibit shortening of apical dendritic length compared with nonstressed MS rats, whereas CRS exposed NMS rats did show significant dendritic shrinkage compared with nonstressed NMS rats. The blunted CRS‐induced remodeling of apical dendritic length in MS rats is likely due to a baseline deficiency in dendritic length; MS rats exhibit a trend towards shorter apical dendrites in comparison to NMS rats. CRS exposure in both MS and NMS rats, however, induced a reduction in apical dendritic branching. Finally, there was a significant correlation between apical dendritic length and novelty‐induced corticosterone level, while there was not a significant correlation with anxiety‐like behavior. Overall, our results suggest preserved but blunted hippocampal structural plasticity in MS rats that is not sufficient to compensate for hippocampal dysfunction and hypersensitivity to CRS. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc.
Recollection and familiarity: Examining controversial assumptions and new directions
Authors: Yonelinas Andrew P. , Aly Mariam , Wang Wei‐Chun , Koen Joshua D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIt is well accepted that recognition memory reflects the contribution of two separable memory retrieval processes, namely recollection and familiarity. However, fundamental questions remain regarding the functional nature and neural substrates of these processes. In this article, we describe a simple quantitative model of recognition memory (i.e., the dual‐process signal detection model) that has been useful in integrating findings from a broad range of cognitive studies, and that is now being applied in a growing number of neuroscientific investigations of memory. The model makes several strong assumptions about the behavioral nature and neural substrates of recollection and familiarity. A review of the literature indicates that these assumptions are generally well supported, but that there are clear boundary conditions in which these assumptions break down. We argue that these findings provide important insights into the operation of the processes underlying recognition. Finally, we consider how the dual‐process approach relates to recent neuroanatomical and computational models and how it might be integrated with recent findings concerning the role of medial temporal lobe regions in other cognitive functions such as novelty detection, perception, implicit memory and short‐term memory. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo BDNF modulation of hippocampal mossy fiber plasticity induced by high frequency stimulation
Authors: Schjetnan Andrea Gómez‐Palacio , Escobar Martha L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChanges in synaptic efficacy and morphology have been proposed as mechanisms underlying learning and memory processes. In our previous studies, high frequency stimulation (HFS) sufficient to induce LTP at the hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) pathway, leads to MF synaptogenesis, in a prominent contralateral form, at the stratum oriens of hippocampal CA3 area. Recently we reported that acute intrahippocampal microinfusion of BDNF induces a lasting potentiation of synaptic efficacy at the MF projection accompanied by a structural reorganization at the CA3 area within the stratum oriens region in a prominent ipsilateral form. It is considered that the capacity of synapses to express plastic changes is itself subject to variation dependent on previous experience. Here we used intrahippocampal microinfusion of BDNF to analyze its effects on functional and structural synaptic plasticity induced by subsequent mossy fiber HFS sufficient to induce LTP in adult rats, in vivo. Our results show that BDNF modifies the ability of the MF pathway to present LTP by HFS. Moreover BDNF modified the structural reorganization pattern produced by HFS, presenting a balanced bilateral appearance. Microinfusion of K252a blocks the functional and morphological effects produced by BDNF, revealing that the BDNF modulation is dependent on its TrkB receptor activation. These findings support the idea that BDNF actions modify subsequent synaptic plasticity; a homeostatic mechanism thought to be essential for synaptic integration among prolonged temporal domains in the adult mammalian brain. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc.
Cytotoxic Evaluation of Pungencine: A New Tropane Alkaloid from the Roots of Erythroxylum pungens O. E. Schulz
Authors: Sena‐Filho José G. , da Silva Marcelo S. , Tavares Josean F. , Oliveira Steno L. , Romero Marco A. V. , Xavier Haroudo S. , Barbosa‐Filho Jose M. , Braz‐Filho Raimundo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new tropane alkaloid as well as a new substitution group, (3‐endo,8‐anti)‐8‐methyl‐8‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct‐3‐yl 4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxybenzoate, called pungencine (1), was isolated from the roots of Erythroxylum pungens O. E. Schulz. The structure was elucidated by spectral analyses, including 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR and 2D‐NMR techniques (1H,1H‐COSY, NOESY, DEPT, HMQC, and HMBC) and HR‐ESI‐MS. Furthermore, compound 1 was tested for cytotoxicity against several cell lines (Jurkat, HL‐60, U937, K562, KG‐1, and U266) and was determined not to inhibit cell viability at 10 μM.
Potassium Thiocyanate‐Promoted One‐Pot Synthesis of (1,3‐Diaryl‐2,5‐dioxoimidazolidin‐4‐ylidene)acetates from Aryl Isocyanates and Alkyl Propiolates. Short Communication
Authors: Yavari Issa , Sirouspour Mehdi , Souri Sanaz 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe reaction of aryl isocyanates and alkyl propiolates (=alkyl prop‐2‐ynoates) in the presence of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) led to geometric isomers of alkyl 2‐(1,3‐diaryl‐2,5‐dioxoimidazolidin‐4‐ylidene)acetates in moderate‐to‐good yields.
Regioselective Synthesis of the 5,6‐Dihydro‐4H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyrrol‐4‐one Skeleton: A New Class of Compounds
Authors: Koza Gani , Karahan Emrah , Balci Metin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe hereby report the first preparation of the 5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyrrol‐4‐one (3) and its derivatives starting from methyl 3‐(methoxycarbonyl)furan‐2‐acetate (8). The ester functionality connected to the methylene group was regiospecifically converted to the desired monohydrazide 9. Conversion of 9 into the acyl azide 10 followed by Curtius rearrangement gave the corresponding isocyanate derivative 11 (Scheme 2). Reaction of 11 with different nucleophiles produced urethane and urea derivatives (Scheme 3). Intramolecular cyclization reactions provided the target compounds (Scheme 5). Removal of the amine‐protecting group formed the title compound 3.
Three New Triterpene Saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum
Authors: Shi Lin , Cao Jia‐Qing , Li Wei , Zhao Yu‐Qing 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThree new dammarane‐type triterpene saponins, 1–3, together with three known compounds, 4–6, were isolated from the aerial parts of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino. By means of chemical and spectroscopic methods, their structures were established as (20S)‐3β,20,21‐trihydroxydammara‐23,25‐diene 3‐O‐[α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)] [β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐21‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1), (20R,23R)‐3β,20‐dihydroxy‐19‐oxodammar‐24‐en‐21‐oic acid 21,23‐lactone 3‐O‐[α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)] [β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (2), and (21S,23S)‐3β,20ξ,21,26‐tetrahydroxy‐19‐oxo‐21,23‐epoxydammar‐24‐ene 3‐O‐[α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)] [β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (3).
New Chemical Constituents from Borreria verticillata (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Moreira Vinicius F. , Oliveira Rodrigo R. , Mathias Leda , Braz‐Filho Raimundo , Curcino Vieira Ivo J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA phytochemical study on Borreria verticillata has led to the isolation of two novel simple indole alkaloids, 6‐methoxy‐4‐(3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)‐1H‐indole, named verticillatine A (1), and 1‐(1H‐indol‐6‐yl)‐3‐methylbutan‐1‐one, named verticillatine B (2), one new iridoid, 6′‐O‐(2‐glyceryl)scandoside methyl ester (3), with the glycerol unit linked to a glucose unit, and two known ones, asperuloside (4) and scandoside methyl ester (5). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic‐data analyses, mainly 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, including 2D experiments (1H,1H‐COSY, NOESY, HMBC, and HMQC), and HR‐ESI‐MS.
Anthraquinones and Lignans from Cassia occidentalis
Authors: Li Shi‐Fei , Di Ying‐Tong , Wang Yue‐Hu , Tan Cheng‐Jian , Fang Xin , Zhang Yu , Zheng Yong‐Tang , Li Ling , He Hong‐Ping , Li Shun‐Lin , Hao Xiao‐Jiang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOne new anthraquinone glycoside, 6‐O‐(α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl)emodin (1), and two new sesquilignans, seslignanoccidentaliols A (2) and B (3), were isolated from the whole plant of Cassia occidentalis. The structures of the new compounds were established by means of spectroscopic methods, especially 2D‐NMR data (1H,1H‐COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and ROESY), as well as HR‐ESI‐MS analysis. One previously reported sesquilignan, erythro‐guaiacylglycerol‐β‐O‐4′‐(5′)‐methoxylariciresinol, was revised to be seslignanoccidentaliol A (2). The 6‐O‐(α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl)emodin (1) exhibited moderate anti‐HIV‐1 activity with an EC50 value of 2.90 μg/ml and a therapeutic‐index (TI) value of 260.
New Coumarins and Triterpenes from Calophyllum inophyllum
Authors: Zou Jian , Wu Jian , Liu Shuang‐Zhu , Zhao Wei‐Min 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFour new coumarins, 1–4, and two new triterpenes, 5 and 6, along with nine known compounds have been identified from the leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. The structure of apetalolide (7), previously reported from C. apetalum, was revised by means of 2D‐NMR, and the absolute configuration of the known compound inophyllum D (8) was established by a modified Mosher's method.
A Rarely Reported Trinorsesquiterpene‐Type Structure in an Isolate from Pulicaria insignis
Authors: Huang Sheng‐Zhuo , Li Liang‐Bo , Jiang Si‐Ping , Chen Xu‐Lin , Zhu Hua‐Jie 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA trinorsesquiterpene, 1, and its possible precursor sesquiterpene 2 were obtained from the Tibetan folk medicine Pulicaria insignis (Ming⋅chen⋅serpo). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral methods including 2D‐NMR. The trinorsesquiterpene skeleton of 1 is the second example of this type of structure found in a plant, after a first compound of this type was isolated from bird's nest fungi (Cyanthus bulleri).
Cyclization vs. Elimination Reactions of 5‐Aryl‐5‐hydroxy 1,3‐Diones: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4H‐pyran‐4‐ones
Authors: Ahmad Khera Rasheed , Ahmad Rasheed , Ullah Ihsan , Abid Obaid‐Ur‐Rahman , Fatunsin Olumide , Sher Muhammad , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: September 2010

Abstract2‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4H‐pyran‐4‐ones were prepared in one step by cyclocondensation of 1,3‐diketone dianions with aldehydes. The use of HCl (10%) for the aqueous workup proved to be very important to avoid elimination reactions of the 5‐aryl‐5‐hydroxy 1,3‐diones formed as intermediates. The TiCl4‐mediated cyclization of a 2‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one with 1,3‐silyloxybuta‐1,3‐diene resulted in cleavage of the pyranone moiety and formation of a highly functionalized benzene derivative.
Double Heck Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Dibrominated Pyridines
Authors: Ali Asad , Hussain Munawar , Malik Imran , Villinger Alexander , Fischer Christine , Langer Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDouble Heck cross‐coupling reactions of 2,3‐ and 3,5‐dibromopyridine with various alkenes afforded the corresponding novel di(alkenyl)pyridines. The Heck reaction of 2,5‐dibromopyridine unexpectedly afforded 5,5′‐di(alkenyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridines by palladium‐catalyzed dimerization to give 5,5′‐dibromo‐2,2′‐bipyridine and subsequent twofold Heck reaction.
The 550th Anniversary of the Universität Basel, 1460 – 2010: Paracelsian Beginnings and Chemistry
Authors: Craig G. Wayne 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis year marks the 550th anniversary of the founding of the Universität Basel. After its inception, the development of chemistry has played a major role in its evolution as an academic institution to meet the needs of industry and the educational community. Chemistry evolved in Basel as a dominant industry because of its central location and connection to the Rhine. The dyestuff industry and later the pharmaceutical industry established the Basel location as a major center of distribution. Companies likeSandoz AG, Ciba AG, J. R. Geigy AG, andF. Hoffmann‐La Roche AGinfluenced the defining role of chemistry not only in Europe but throughout the world. This article highlights some of the academic personalities that contributed to the development of chemistry in the remarkable history of the Universität Basel since the time ofParacelsus.
Oligonucleotide Analogues with Integrated Bases and Backbones. Part 26
Authors: Chiesa Katja , Bernet Bruno , Vasella Andrea 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe self‐complementary aminomethylene‐linked A*[n]U* dinucleosides 23–26 were prepared by reductive coupling of aldehyde 10 and azide 8. The U*[n]A* sequence isomers 19–21 were similarly prepared from aldehyde 14 and azide 3. The substituents at C(6/I) of 23–26 and at C(8/I) of 19–21 strongly favour the syn‐conformation. The A*[n]U* dinucleoside 23 associates more strongly than the sequence‐isomeric U*[n]A* dinucleoside 19. The A*[n]U* dinucleosides 23 and 24 associate more strongly than the analogues devoid of the substituent at C(6/I), while the U*[n]A* dinucleoside 19 associates less strongly than the analogue devoid of the substituent at C(8/I). While 23 and 24 form cyclic duplexes mostly by Watson–Crick‐type base pairing, 25 only forms linear associates. The U*[n]A* dinucleoside 19 forms mostly linear duplexes and higher associates, and 21 forms cyclic duplexes showing both Watson–Crick‐ and Hoogsteen‐type base pairing. The cyclic duplexes of the aminomethylene‐linked dinucleosides show both the gg‐ and gt‐orientation of the linker, with the gg‐orientation being preferred.
Bioactive tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in mice
Authors: Gong Yi , Li Yanli , Lu Yin , Li Linglin , Abdolmaleky Hamid , Blackburn George L. , Zhou Jin‐Rong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSearching for efficacious and safe agents for the chemoprevention and therapy of prostate cancer has become the top priority of research. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a group of tanshinones from a Chinese herb Salvia Miltiorrhiza, cryptotanshinone (CT), tanshinone IIA (T2A) and tanshinone I (T1) on prostate cancer. The in vitro studies showed that these tanshinones inhibited the growth of human prostate cancer cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Among three compounds, T1 had the most potent activity with IC50s around 3–6 μM. On the other hand, tanshinones had much less adverse effects on the growth of normal prostate epithelial cells. The epigenetic pathway focused array assay identified Aurora A kinase as a possible target of tanshinone actions. The expression of Aurora A was overexpressed in prostate cancer cell lines. Moreover, knockdown of Aurora A in prostate cancer cells significantly decreased cell growth. Tanshinones significantly downregulated the Aurora A expression, suggesting Aurora A may be a functional target of tanshinones. Tanshinones, especially T1, also showed potent anti‐angiogenesis activity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, T1 inhibited the growth of DU145 prostate tumor in mice associated with induction of apoptosis, decrease of proliferation, inhibition of angiogenesis and downregulation of Aurora A, whereas it did not alter food intake or body weight. Our results support that T1 may be an efficacious and safe chemopreventive or therapeutic agent against prostate cancer progression.