bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequence architecture and depositional evolution of theOrdovician carbonate platform margins in theTarimBasin and its response to tectonism and sea‐level change
Authors: Lin Changsong , Yang Haijun , Liu Jingyan , Rui Zhifeng , Cai Zhenzhong , Li Sitian , Yu Bingsong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe sequence architecture and depositional evolution of theOrdovician carbonate platform margins in theTarimBasin,China, were formed in response to the interplay of tectonism and sea‐level change, their history being documented by the integrated analysis of many seismic lines, drilling and outcrop data. TheOrdovician carbonate system in the basin is divided into four composite sequences defined by major unconformities. Each sequence consists of a regional depositional cycle from transgression with an onlapping transgressive systems tract (TST) to regression with a prograding highstand systems tract (HST), and can be further subdivided into 10 third‐order sequences based on subordinate discontinuous boundaries at the carbonate platform marginal zones. Constrained by the marginal slope of the early‐riftedManjiaer aulacogen, the carbonate platform margins of the Lower and MiddleOrdovician that prograded eastward in an arcuate belt extending generally north‐south across the northern part of the basin. The development of theTazhong uplift due to compression resulted in an extensive paleokarst hiatus between the Middle and the UpperOrdovician in the south‐central basin, and subsequently constrained the formation of a peninsula‐shaped carbonate platform whose margins were controlled by marginal thrust‐fault belts of the paleo‐uplift during the LateOrdovician. In the northern basin, the LateOrdovician carbonate platform margin developed around the marginal slope of theTabei paleouplift. The transgressive–regressive cycles of the carbonate system are comparable and seem to have occurred simultaneously across the entire basin, suggesting that the cyclic sequence architecture was fundamentally controlled by eustatic fluctuations. Stacking patterns of the composite sequences varied due to the interplay between the accommodation produced by tectonism and sea‐level change, and the carbonate production rate. The reef–shoal facies complexes that developed along the platform margins, with paleokarst development at unconformities, constitute the major reservoir of large petroleum reserves in the basin.
Inclusiveness: a mental health strategy for preventing future mental health problems among adolescents orphaned by AIDS
Authors: THUPAYAGALE‐TSHWENEAGAE G. , MOKOMANE Z. 
Published: December 2011

Accessible summary
The purpose of this study was to describe the role of inclusiveness in lessening the pain of parents death in adolescents orphaned by AIDS.
Data were derived from 15 AIDS orphans between the ages of 14 and 18 years.
The method used was focus groups with discourse analysis using four themes: grieving patterns, coping strategies, experience with loss and expectations.
The participants believed that including them in the illnesses, dying and funeral preparations of their parents would have facilitated their healing.
AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to raise an argument that inclusiveness will lessen the pain of losing a parent among adolescents orphaned by AIDS and as a result, prevent future mental health problems that may occur because of inappropriate grieving and maladaptive coping strategies. Participation of adolescents orphaned by AIDS in decisions pertaining to their parents' illnesses and funeral arrangements, for example, may shorten the grieving process and allow for closure. The paper draws data from focus group discussions that were held with 15 adolescents orphaned by AIDS in urban South Africa. The focus group discussions that were structured around four themes: grieving patterns; coping strategies; experience with loss; and expectations. The results of the study demonstrate inclusiveness as an overarching factor in the healing process. The concept is thus a strong recommendation for mental health practice and further study.
Comparison of neonatal T regulatory cell function in Papua New Guinean and Australian newborns
Authors: Lisciandro Joanne G. , Prescott Susan L. , Nadal‐Sims Marie G. , Devitt Catherine J. , Pomat William , Siba Peter M. , Holt Patrick G. , Strickland Deborah , van den Biggelaar Anita H.J. 
Published: December 2011

To cite this article: Lisciandro JG, Prescott SL, Nadal‐Sims MG, Devitt CJ, Pomat W, Siba PM., Holt PG, Strickland D, van den Biggelaar AHJ. Comparison of neonatal T regulatory cell function in Papua New Guinean and Australian newborns. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011: Doi: 10.1111/j.1399‐3038.2011.01242.x.AbstractBackground:  Environmental changes, including declining microbial exposure, have been linked with the rising incidence of allergic and autoimmune diseases in ‘western’ populations. This potentially occurs by altering early development of immuno‐regulatory pathways including T regulatory cells (Treg). There is now increasing evidence that such conditioning begins in utero.Methods:  We compared neonatal Treg from children born under typical western conditions (Australia, AUS) with those of neonates born under more traditional conditions of high microbial burden (Papua New Guinea, PNG).Results:  The frequency of neonatal Treg, defined as CD4+ Foxp3+ CD127− CD25+/high was found to be higher in the cord blood of AUS compared to PNG newborns. However, cord Treg suppressive function in a small subset of children was qualitatively similar between PNG and AUS newborns in both a Treg depletion assay and a Treg supplementation assay.Conclusions:  These findings do not support the hypothesis that living in a ‘western’ versus more traditional environment leads to poor induction or suppressive function of neonatal Treg. However, environmentally‐induced immuno‐regulation may potentially occur via alternative mechanisms in PNG newborns that should now be investigated further.
The Peptic Ulcer Perforation (PULP) score: a predictor of mortality following peptic ulcer perforation. A cohort study
Authors: MØLLER M. H. , ENGEBJERG M. C. , ADAMSEN S. , BENDIX J. , THOMSEN R. W. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundAccurate and early identification of high‐risk surgical patients with perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) is important for triage and risk stratification. The objective of the present study was to develop a new and improved clinical rule to predict mortality in patients following surgical treatment for PPU.MethodsDesign: nationwide cohort study based on prospectively collected data. Setting: thirty‐five hospitals in Denmark. Patients: a total of 2668 patients surgically treated for gastric or duodenal PPU between 1 February 2003 and 31 August 2009. Outcome measure: 30‐day mortality.ResultsWe derived a new clinical prediction rule for 30‐day mortality and evaluated and compared its prognostic performance with the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) and Boey scores. A total of 708 patients (27%) died within 30 days of surgery. The Peptic Ulcer Perforation (PULP) score – comprised eight variables with an adjusted odds ratio of more than 1.28: 1) age > 65 years, 2) active malignant disease or AIDS, 3) liver cirrhosis, 4) steroid use, 5) time from perforation to admission > 24 h, 6) pre‐operative shock, 7) serum creatinine > 130 μM, and 8) the four levels of the ASA score (from 2 to 5). The score predicted mortality well (area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) 0.83). It performed considerably better than the Boey score (AUC 0.70) and better than the ASA score alone (AUC 0.78).ConclusionThe PULP score accurately predicts 30‐day mortality in patients operated for PPU and can assist in risk stratification and triage.
Age, Experience and Sex – Do Female Bulb Mites Prefer Young Mating Partners?
Authors: Prokop Zofia M. , Jarzębowska Magdalena , Skrzynecka Anna M. , Herdegen Magdalena 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn species where advancing sire age is associated with decreased progeny fitness, female resistance to mating with old partners can be expected to evolve. In polyandrous species, such resistance may be contingent on female mating experience: virgins should be relatively indiscriminate to ensure egg fertility, whereas non‐virgins can be expected to base their re‐mating decisions on the age of their previousversuspotential new partners, and ‘trade‐up’ if previously mated with old males. Here, we tested these predictions using a promiscuous and relatively long‐living bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus robini), in which old sire age is associated with decreased fecundity of daughters. In a fully factorial design, we applied two male treatments, young and old, and three female treatments, virgin, previously mated to an old male and previously mated to a young male. Consistent with earlier studies, we observed a reduced mating success of old males. However, we found no support for attributing this result to female discrimination, as female behavior in response to male mounting attempts was not affected by the age of the suitor, or by its interaction with the age of the female’s previous mate. Interestingly, females were passive during 93% of male mounting attempts observed, suggesting that once they are located by a male, they exert little control over copulation. Old males had lower mate‐searching activity and were less efficient in obtaining matings (lower success rate per mounting attempt), suggesting a decreased mate‐securing ability because of aging. Overall, our results suggest that in bulb mites, male ability to secure mates declines with age, whereas they do not support the prediction that females actively discriminate against old partners.
Calvarial hyperostosis presenting as unilateral exophthalmos in a female English Springer Spaniel
Authors: Mathes Rachel L. , Holmes Shannon P. , Coleman Kevin D. , Radlinsky Mary A. G. , Moore Phillip A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA 4‐month‐old intact female English Springer Spaniel presented to the University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of unilateral, progressive exophthalmos oculus sinister (OS) of 2 weeks’ duration. Complete ophthalmic examination revealed moderate OS exophthalmos and lateral globe deviation. No other abnormalities were noted on physical or ophthalmic examination, ocular ultrasound, complete bloodwork, or thoracic radiography. Skull computed tomography (CT) revealed a large, focal, smoothly irregular, cavitated, expansile bony lesion involving the left caudal maxillary and left frontal bones. Biopsies, obtained through a frontal sinusotomy approach to preserve the left globe integrity, demonstrated normal reactive trabecular bone with locally extensive fibrosis. Calvarial hyperostosis was diagnosed based upon appearance on imaging, lesion unilaterality, absence of mandibular involvement, and histopathology. Six months after initial presentation, skull CT was repeated and marked reduction in the degree of frontal bone thickening was demonstrated with complete resolution of cavitations. There was marked clinical improvement with mild, nonpainful exophthalmos, and lateral globe deviation OS on ophthalmic examination. Eleven months after initial presentation, there was complete resolution of the frontal bone lesion with mild thickening of the left calvarial bones on repeat skull CT. There was no exophthalmos or globe deviation present on clinical ophthalmic examination. The proliferative osteopathic lesion was self‐resolving with resolution of the exophthalmos and has not recurred to date. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of calvarial hyperostosis in a previously unreported breed presenting as unilateral exophthalmos.
Accuracy of intraocular pressure measurements in dogs using two different tonometers and plano therapeutic soft contact lenses
Authors: Ahn Jeong‐Taek , Jeong Man‐Bok , Park Young‐Woo , Kim Se‐Eun , Ahn Jae‐Sang , Lee Yes‐Ran , Lee Eui‐Ri , Seo Kangmoon 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjective To compare and evaluate the accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) measured through a therapeutic contact lens, using applanation (TonoPen XL®) and rebound (TonoVet®) tonometers in enucleated dog eyes.Animals studied A total of 30 enucleated eyes from 15 beagle dogs.Procedures To measure accurate IOP, the anterior chamber of each enucleated eye was cannulated with two 26‐gauge needles and two polyethylene tubes were connected vertically to an adjustable reservoir bag of normal saline and a pressure transducer. IOP was measured by the TonoPen XL®followed by the TonoVet®without a contact lens. After a contact lens was applied to the cornea, IOP was re‐measured in the same order. Three consecutive IOP measurements were performed using both tonometers.Results Without the contact lens, the IOP values obtained by both tonometers correlated well according to the regression analysis (TonoVet®: γ2 = 0.98, TonoPen XL®: γ2 = 0.97,P < 0.001). The TonoPen XL®consistently underestimated values as transducer IOP increased; however, IOP values measured with the TonoPen XL®were in close agreement and were less variable than those determined with the TonoVet®when a contact lens was applied to the cornea. Bland‐Altman analysis was used to determine the lower and upper limits of agreement (TonoVet®: −29.7 and +21.1 mmHg, TonoPen XL®: −3.9 and +3.6 mmHg) between the two devices.Conclusions This study suggests that the TonoPen XL®is a useful tonometer for dogs wearing therapeutic contact lenses, and importantly, contact lenses would not need to be removed prior to IOP measurement.
Instrumental Rationality
Authors: Valaris Markos 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDoes rationality require us to take the means to our ends? Intuitively, it seems clear that it does. And yet it has proven difficult to explain why this should be so: after all, if one is pursuing an end that one has decisive reason not to pursue, the balance of reasons will presumably speak against one's taking the means necessary to bring that end about. In this paper I propose a novel account of the instrumental requirement which addresses this problem. On the view I develop, the instrumental requirement is normative not because agents have reasons to comply with it, but because it is anormative standardintrinsic to intentional action—i.e., it is a standard that partly spells out what it is to exercise one's agency well.
Taxonomic and faunistic studies of the Sepsidae (Diptera) from Vietnam, with descriptions of six new species
Authors: IWASA Mitsuhiro , THINH Ta Huy 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA total of 52 species belonging to nine genera of the Sepsidae are reported from Vietnam. Of these, six species (Dicranosepsis splendifica sp. nov., D. trochanteris sp. nov., Mucha rectotibialis sp. nov., Perochaeta exilis sp. nov., Sepsis nigriminima sp. nov. and S. silvicola sp. nov.) are described as new to science. Eighteen species are newly recorded from Vietnam. Toxopoda pseudoviduata Ozerov, 2010 is synonymized with T. cavata Iwasa, 2008. The faunal composition of Vietnamese Sepsidae is divided into six groups based on distributional data and discussed. A key to the species of Vietnamese Sepsidae is also provided.
Comparative efficacy and safety of long‐acting insulin analogs in patients with type 2 diabetes failing on oral therapy: Systemic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Bi Yan , Li Xiubin , Yang Daizhi , Hao Yuantao , Liang Hua , Zhu Dalong , Weng Jianping 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAims/Introduction:  Although long‐acting insulin analogs are recommended in type 2 diabetics failing on oral agents, their efficacy is uncertain. Here we compared the efficacy and safety of regimens based on long‐acting insulin analogs with other preparations in insulin‐naïve type 2 diabetics failing on oral agents.Materials and Methods:  Data from 9548 participants in 22 English studies were included. Most of the studies were of short to medium duration and of low quality.Results:  In terms of decreasing hemoglobin A1c, long‐acting insulin analogs were not statistically significant to rapid‐acting insulin analogs or intermediate neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) analogs, and the differences between long‐acting and biphasic insulin analogs were marginal. Compared with rapid‐acting insulin analogs, long‐acting insulin analogs were similar in the incidence of total hypoglycemia, and the superiority in less weight gain was inconsistent. Relative to biphasic insulin analogs, long‐acting insulin analogs were associated with lower incidence of total hypoglycemia and less weight gain. Compared with NPH insulin, long‐acting insulin analogs were associated with lower incidence of total and nocturnal hypoglycemia. Relative to GLP‐1 analogs, long‐acting insulin analogs were associated with lower incidence of treatment related adverse events but with greater weight gain.Conclusions:  For type 2 diabetics failing on oral agents, initiating long‐acting insulin analogues seems to provide glycemic control similar to rapid‐acting insulin analogs or NPH insulin or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogs and slightly inferior to biphasic insulin analogs with fewer side‐effects. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2011.00187.x, 2011)
Visceral adipose tissue level, as estimated by the bioimpedance analysis method, is associated with impaired lung function
Authors: Inomata Minehiko , Kawagishi Yukio , Taka Chihiro , Kambara Kenta , Okazawa Seisuke , Fukushima Yasuo , Imanishi Shingo , Ichikawa Tomomi , Suzuki Kensuke , Yamada Toru , Kamura Yutaka , Kobashi Chikaaki , Iwata Minoru , Sumi Shigeki , Origasa Hideki , Hayashi Ryuji , Tobe Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAims/Introduction:  It has been reported that metabolic syndrome is associated with impaired lung function, and abdominal obesity is regarded as the most important determinant of this association. We evaluated the association between a component of metabolic syndrome, indices of body composition, including the total adipose tissue content, lean bodyweight and visceral adipose tissue content, as assessed by bioimpedance analysis, and lung function.Materials and Methods:  A total of 516 participants responded to our questionnaire to determine the smoking status and history of past diseases. Waist circumference, height, bodyweight, percent forced expiratory volume in 1 s (%FEV1) and percent forced vital capacity (%FVC) were measured. Fasting blood samples were obtained to determine the serum levels of high‐density lipoprotein and triglyceride, and also the blood glucose. The body composition, including the total adipose tissue content and lean bodyweight, was measured, and the visceral adipose tissue content was estimated as the visceral adipose tissue level, by the bioimpedance analysis method.Results:  Waist circumference, estimated visceral adipose tissue level and blood pressure were significantly associated with the %FEV1, and the serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly associated with the %FVC in men, after adjustment for age, smoking history, and past histories of bronchial asthma and ischemic heart disease. However, this association was not detected in women.Conclusions:  We found an association between the visceral adipose tissue level as estimated by the bioimpedance analysis method and lung function. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2011.00189.x, 2011)
Simultaneous Detection of Infectious Human Echoviruses and Adenoviruses by an
In Situ
Nuclease-Resistant Molecular Beacon-Based Assay
Authors: Dunams Daniela , Sarkar Payal , Chen Wilfred , Yates Marylynn V. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
A multiplex methodology using two nuclease-resistant molecular beacons that target specific genomic regions of adenovirus 2 and echovirus 17 during simultaneous infection in A549 cells is presented. Using fluorescence microscopy, visualization of enteroviral and adenoviral replication was possible within 3 h postinfection.
Distinct Growth Strategies of Soil Bacteria as Revealed by Large-Scale Colony Tracking
Authors: Ernebjerg Morten , Kishony Roy 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
Our understanding of microbial ecology has been significantly furthered in recent years by advances in sequencing techniques, but comprehensive surveys of the phenotypic characteristics of environmental bacteria remain rare. Such phenotypic data are crucial for understanding the microbial strategies for growth and the diversity of microbial ecosystems. Here, we describe a high-throughput measurement of the growth of thousands of bacterial colonies using an array of flat-bed scanners coupled with automated image analysis. We used this system to investigate the growth properties of members of a microbial community from untreated soil. The system provides high-quality measurements of the number of CFU, colony growth rates, and appearance times, allowing us to directly study the distribution of these properties in mixed environmental samples. We find that soil bacteria display a wide range of growth strategies which can be grouped into several clusters that cannot be reduced to any of the classical dichotomous divisions of soil bacteria, e.g., into copiotophs and oligotrophs. We also find that, at early times, cells are most likely to form colonies when other, nearby colonies are present but not too dense. This maximization of culturability at intermediate plating densities suggests that the previously observed tendency for high density to lead to fewer colonies is partly offset by the induction of colony formation caused by interactions between microbes. These results suggest new types of growth classification of soil bacteria and potential effects of species interactions on colony growth.
Simple Cloning via Direct Transformation of PCR Product (DNA Multimer) to Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis
Authors: You Chun , Zhang Xiao-Zhou , Zhang Y.-H. Percival 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

We developed a general restriction enzyme-free and ligase-free method for subcloning up to three DNA fragments into any location of a plasmid. The DNA multimer generated by prolonged overlap extension PCR was directly transformed in
Escherichia coli
[e.g., TOP10, DH5α, JM109, and BL21(DE3)] and
Bacillus subtilis
for obtaining chimeric plasmids.
Only One of the Five Ralstonia solanacearum Long-Chain 3-Ketoacyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Synthase Homologues Functions in Fatty Acid Synthesis
Authors: Cheng Juanli , Ma Jincheng , Lin Jinshui , Fan Zhen-Chuan , Cronan John E. , Wang Haihong 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Ralstonia solanacearum
, a major phytopathogenic bacterium, causes a bacterial wilt disease in diverse plants. Although fatty acid analyses of total membranes of
R. solanacearum
showed that they contain primarily palmitic (C
16:0
), palmitoleic (C
16:1
) and
cis
-vaccenic (C
18:1
) acids, little is known regarding
R. solanacearum
fatty acid synthesis. The
R. solanacearum
GMI1000 genome is unusual in that it contains four genes (
fabF1
,
fabF2
,
fabF3
, and
fabF4
) annotated as encoding 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase II homologues and one gene (
fabB
) annotated as encoding 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I. We have analyzed this puzzling apparent redundancy and found that only one of these genes,
fabF1
, encoded a long-chain 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase, whereas the other homologues did not play roles in
R. solanacearum
fatty acid synthesis. Mutant strains lacking
fabF1
are nonviable, and thus, FabF1 is essential for
R. solanacearum
fatty acid biosynthesis. Moreover,
R. solanacearum
FabF1 has the activities of both 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase II and 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I.