bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging susceptibility artifact due to pigmented intraorbital silicone prosthesis
Authors: Dees D. Dustin , Knollinger Amy M. , Simmons Jeffery P. , Seshadri Ravi , MacLaren Nicole E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of two cases with intracranial disease and pigmented intraorbital prosthetics are presented. A brown prosthetic (Case 1) caused a significant magnetic susceptibility artifact, which necessitated removal to properly image the brain. The artifact observed on MRI images is likely due to ferromagnetic pigments used for coloring. A black prosthetic (Case 2) caused no imaging artifact. The carbon‐based pigments used to color the black prosthetic implant do not appear to cause imaging artifact. The pigments currently used to color the brown pigmented orbital prostheses cause significant magnetic susceptibility artifact and may require removal to evaluate the brain and surrounding structures completely.
US Trade in Advanced Technology Products
Authors: Co Catherine Yap 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn 2002, US net exports of advanced technology products (ATPs) registered a deficit of US$16.6 billion for the first time. By 2006, the ATP trade deficit reached US$43.7 billion. This is primarily due to China's increasing importance as an ATP import source and does not indicate a wholesale loss of US competitiveness in ATPs. Mostly, China's market share gain came at the expense of other Asian countries. This geographical shift in China's favor is due to her greater integration with Asian supply chains. Trade gravity regressions show that the USA exports more advanced technology parts and accessories to lower income countries but advanced technology capital and consumer goods imports by the USA are not correlated with the income of the import source countries. Thus, there is weak evidence that labor cost savings via foreign assembly operations dominate US ATP trade with middle and low income countries.
Remittances and Relative Prices
Authors: Nath Hiranya K. , Vargas‐Silva Carlos 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUsing Mexican data, this article analyzes the impact of the workers' remittances on the cross‐section distribution of prices as well as on the evolution of individual relative prices over time for 272 consumer items. The results suggest that there are important differences in the responses of relative prices to remittances according to various categories of these items. While the relative prices of a number of nontradable service items such as housing consistently rise, the relative prices of several durable items such as furniture tend to fall in response to the remittance shock. Furthermore, remittances explain substantial variation in prices for a large number of consumer durables and services at various time horizons. The relative price responses are more volatile over time for most food items and less volatile for nonfood and service items reflecting different degrees of price flexibility.
Foreign Aid, Government Spending, and the Environment
Authors: Chao Chi‐Chur , Hu Shih‐Wen , Lai Ching‐Chong , Tai Meng‐Yi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUsing an endogenous growth model, this paper examines the growth and welfare effects of the allocation of foreign aid in the recipient economy. As public inputs are a productive factor, a rise in the allocation of aid to the public inputs increases growth and hence the welfare of the economy. However, raising the ratio of aid to pollution abatement may not help an economy, because it crowds out public inputs. Since public inputs are also partly financed by income taxation, the welfare‐maximizing income tax rate is larger than the growth‐maximizing rate, because a portion of the aid constitutes a lump‐sum transfer and can increase household consumption and hence welfare.
Welfare Effects of Reducing Home Bias in Government Procurements: A Dynamic Contest Model
Authors: Fujiwara Kenji , Van Long Ngo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper models an international contest for government procurement as a dynamic game between a domestic firm and a foreign firm. We show that trade liberalization, in the form of a reduction in bias against the foreign firm, improves both domestic and global welfare if (i) either the foreign firm's profit is sufficiently large or (ii) the initial degree of home bias is sufficiently small. If the initial home bias is large, a small reduction in the bias may reduce welfare.
Female Autonomy and Health Care in Developing Countries
Authors: Self Sharmistha , Grabowski Richard 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDecisions within the household determine the allocation of resources. Theory suggests that the more autonomous women are within the household, the greater influence they will have in that allocation. This paper utilizes several measures of a woman's autonomy within the household. It is hypothesized that the greater the woman's autonomy, the more likely she will be to visit a doctor, rather than other traditional sources of healing/care, when ill. This hypothesis is tested using data drawn from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in India. The results lend support to the importance of autonomy for a woman in increasing her likelihood of visiting a medical doctor when ill. Additionally, the results show that socio‐economic differences go a long way in explaining differences in healthcare choices for the sick.
European Integration and Inequality among Countries: A Lifecycle Income Analysis
Authors: Pastor José M. , Serrano Lorenzo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effects of the enlargements of the European Union on inequality using an approach based on individuals' lifecycle incomes. This allows one to consider the effect of different rates of growth and survival rates. Inequality in terms of permanent income was substantially less than in current per capita income at the time of all the enlargements except those of the last 10 years. The results point to the key role of policies that stimulate growth in the less developed countries. With an annual β‐convergence of 2% in current income, inequality in permanent income would be less than one third of what it is now.
The 1997 Asian Currency Crisis, Financial Linkages, and the Monetary Policy of Japan
Authors: Chan Kenneth S. , Dang Vinh Q.T. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe evidence is examined that excessively liberal monetary policy by the Bank of Japan, before and after the financial collapse of Japan in 1992, may have led other East Asian economies into “over‐borrowing” and speculative investments, prior to the currency crisis in 1997–98. The authors test for cointegration and Granger causality between Japanese money supply M1 and the domestic investment of eight East Asian economies and Australia. US and German money supplies are also used as a benchmark. There is strong evidence that there are long‐ and short‐run causal relationships between the Japanese money supply and the domestic investment of the Asian crisis‐inflicted economies prior to 1997.
International Transmission of Monetary Shocks and the Non‐neutrality of International Money
Authors: Cheng Wenli , Zhang Dingsheng 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMonetary shocks and how they are transmitted internationally are investigated in this paper. The paper shows that where a national currency is used as an international medium of exchange, the international money is non‐neutral. In particular, an increase in the supply of the international money leads to a transfer of real resources to the international money‐issuing country from its trading partner. It also induces an expansion of the nontradable sector in the international money‐issuing country, and an expansion of the tradable sector in its trading partner. The real impact of a monetary shock is greater under a fixed exchange rate system than under a flexible exchange rate system.
What Drove the Massive Hoarding of International Reserves in Emerging Economies? A Time‐varying Approach
Authors: Delatte Anne‐Laure , Fouquau Julien 
Published: January 2012

AbstractExisting empirical models fail to explain the surge in the accumulation of foreign exchange reserves by emerging countries during the last decade. This paper provides an estimate of the demand for international reserves on a panel of emerging countries using a time‐varying panel smooth transition regression (TV‐PSTR) model to relax the assumption of coefficient stability in the relationship. Evidence is dound that the parameters are not constant. In addition, it is observed that the coefficients remained relatively stable until 2000 and then increased gradually and strongly thereafter. The specification provided here accounts for an acceleration that linear specifications fail to explain. Finally, it is found that mercantilist motives are the major driver of this acceleration.
‘Der Bleistift roch nach Rosmarin’:The Art of Foraging in Stifter, Handke, and Beuys
Authors: Brady Martin 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTTaking as its starting point the notion of ‘reading’ as ‘gathering’, implied by the word Lesen, this essay examines some correspondences between foraging, naming, writing, drawing, and reading to establish a clear distinction between foraging and collecting more generally. By way of example, three kinds of foraging are addressed: berry picking, in Adalbert Stifter's short story Der Waldsteig; mushroom collecting, in Peter Handke's fairy‐tale Lucie im Wald mit den Dingsda; gathering medicinal herbs, in particular rosemary, in the drawings, performances, and social sculptures of Joseph Beuys (including Manresa, Barraque D’dull Odde, Geruchsplastik, Blitzschlag mit Lichtschein auf Hirsch). In the literary and visual works discussed here, foraging and its products are therapeutic both physically and spiritually, what Handke terms ‘traumerweiternd’. Moreover, in the case of Beuys in particular this healing process has explicitly social and political implications. The essay also examines foraging as an analogy for the construction of meaning and concludes with a discussion of the clearing as a privileged space in which foraging and gathering, both literally and figuratively, can take place.Von der Vorstellung des ‘Lesens’ als ‘Sammlung’ ausgehend, untersucht dieser Artikel die engen Verbindungen zwischen Sammeln, Nennen, Schreiben, Zeichnen und Lesen, um den Unterschied zwischen Sammeln als Pflücken und Ernten (‘foraging’) und Sammeln zur Schaffung einer dauerhaften Sammlung zu präzisieren. Als Beispiele dienen hierfür drei verschiedene Arten des Sammelns: Beeren sammeln in Adalbert Stifters Kurzgeschichte Der Waldsteig; Pilze sammeln im Märchen Lucie im Wald mit den Dingsda von Peter Handke; das Sammeln von Heilkräutern, insbesondere Rosmarin, in den Zeichnungen, Aktionen und sozialen Skulpturen von Joseph Beuys (einschließlich Manresa, Barraque D’dull Odde, Geruchsplastik, Blitzschlag mit Lichtschein auf Hirsch). In den hier besprochenen literarischen und künstlerischen Werken sind die Tätigkeit und die Produkte des Suchens im physischen sowie im geistigen Sinne therapeutisch und, laut Handke, ‘traumerweiternd’. Zudem hat der Prozess des Heilens, vor allem bei Beuys, eindeutige soziale und politische Implikationen. Der Artikel untersucht ferner das Suchen als Analogie für die Konstruktion von Bedeutung und schließt mit einer Diskussion der Lichtung als privilegierter Ort des Suchens und des Lesens, im wörtlichen wie im übertragenen Sinne, ab.
der kahle Baum voll von den hellen Äpfeln und den meist dunklen Vögeln, und ich dachte unwillkürlich: ‘Das habe ich nie gelesen!’ (Peter Handke)1Das Tragende und Leitende im Lesen ist die Sammlung.(Martin Heidegger)2wenn das Holz ausgetheilt und angewiesen wird, wenn sie dasselbe schlagen und nach Hause führen, wenn sie Schwämme oder Beeren oder Feuerschwamm suchen (Adalbert Stifter; 3,1: p. 116)3
Genetic Variants in the ADIPOQ Gene and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Case‐Control Study of a Chinese Han population
Authors: Du Juan , Ye Xin hua , Li Qian , Yu Xiaofang , Cheng Jinluo , Ma Jianhua , Gao Yanqin , Lu Ying , Du Wencong , Shi Hui , Zhao Xu , Ye Qing , Zhou Ling 
Published: January 2012

SummaryOur aim was to investigate whether the ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms are associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Genotypes of MetS patients (n= 1049) and normal controls (n= 1092) were analysed by TaqMan® assay, and serum adiponectin concentration was measured by ELISA. The variant genotypes rs266729CG; rs1063539GC, GC/CC; rs16861205AA and rs7649121AT, AT/TT (Adjusted P= 0.037, 0.044, 0.025, 0.011, 0.019, 0.020, respectively) of the ADIPOQ gene were associated with MetS. Patients with rs266729CG, CG/GG genotypes (P= 0.034, 0.035) and rs7649121AT, AT/TT genotypes (P= 0.013, 0.022) had higher levels of serum adiponectin than those with the CC and AA genotypes respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of haplotypes GGAAAATC and GGGTAACC was lower in cases (10.7% and 4.5%) than in controls (12.1% and 5.9%) [Adjusted ORs (95% CIs) = 0.70 (0.54–0.91), 0.65 (0.46–0.92)]. The ADIPOQ gene variants associated with the risk of MetS in this study must be validated by further functional studies to reveal any potential effects on metabolism.
The Dyskinesia Impairment Scale: a new instrument to measure dystonia and choreoathetosis in dyskinetic cerebral palsy
Authors: MONBALIU ELEGAST , ORTIBUS ELS , de CAT JOS , DAN BERNARD , HEYRMAN LIEVE , PRINZIE PETER , de COCK PAUL , FEYS HILDE 
Published: January 2012

Aim The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Dyskinesia Impairment Scale (DIS). The DIS consists of two subscales: dystonia and choreoathetosis. It measures both phenomena in dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP).Method Twenty‐five participants with dyskinetic CP (17 males; eight females; age range 5–22y; mean age 13y 6mo; SD 5y 4mo), recruited from special schools for children with motor disorders, were included. Exclusion criteria were changes in muscle relaxant medication within the previous 3 months, orthopaedic or neurosurgical interventions within the previous year, and spinal fusion. Interrater reliability was verified by two independent raters. For interrater reliability, intraclass correlation coefficients were assessed. Standard error of measurement, the minimal detectable difference, and Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency were determined. For concurrent validity of the DIS dystonia subscale, the Barry–Albright Dystonia Scale was administered.Results The intraclass correlation coefficient for the total DIS score and the two subscales ranged between 0.91 and 0.98 for interrater reliability. The reliability of the choreoathetosis subscale was found to be higher than that of the dystonia subscale. The standard error of the measurement and minimal detectable difference values were adequate. Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from 0.89 to 0.93. Pearson’s correlation between the dystonia subscale and Barry–Albright Dystonia Scale was 0.84 (p<0.001).Interpretation Good to excellent reliability and validity were found for the DIS. The DIS may be promising for increasing insights into the natural history of dyskinetic CP and evaluating interventions. Future research on the responsiveness of the DIS is warranted.
Effect of Statins Therapy Prior to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: LUO JUN , XU LI , YU TIANZHENG , LI JIANG 
Published: January 2012

Background: Many previous studies have demonstrated that statins pre‐treatment before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reduced myocardial infarction (MI) in statin‐naive patients with both stable angina and acute coronary syndrome. However, clinical benefit of statins is controversial as some studies have shown different results.
Methods: A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE using the term statins AND PCI, statins AND percutaneous coronary intervention. The review was limited to articles published in English between January 1990 and July 2011.
Results: Most trials noted that statins pretreatment before PCI in patients are associated with risk reduction of periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The mechanisms underlying this protective action of statins possibly attribute to the pleiotropic effects. However, controversial results were also reported in some trials that early use of statins before PCI did not influence occurrence of PMI or long‐term clinical outcomes.
Conclusion: Statins therapy among PCI patients seems to be associated with a significant mortality advantage at early and long‐term follow‐up. However, currently early statins use before intervention still cannot serve as a routine strategy of treatment. Further large‐scale randomized studies are critically required to demonstrate the importance of early treatment with statins in pre‐PCI. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:156–162)
Sleep problems in children with cerebral palsy and their relationship with maternal sleep and depression
Authors: Wayte Sarah , McCaughey Elizabeth , Holley Simone , Annaz Dagmara , Hill Catherine M 
Published: January 2012

Abstract Aim:  To compare sleep problems in children with cerebral palsy to typically developing children. To study the relationship between sleep problems in children with cerebral palsy and maternal sleep quality and depression.Methods:  Fifty‐seven children with cerebral palsy aged 4–12 years were identified from a UK disability database. Maternal sleep disturbance and mood were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Major Depression Inventory. Child sleep problems, assessed with the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire, but not maternal variables, were compared to 102 typically developing children.Results:  Forty children (70%) were recruited with a mean age of 7.8 (SD 2.4). Sleep anxiety, night wakings, parasomnias and sleep‐disordered breathing sub‐scales indicated significantly more difficulties than in typically developing children. 40% of mothers of children with cerebral palsy had poor sleep quality of whom 44% had depressed mood. Child and maternal sleep disturbance were significantly correlated. Maternal sleep quality predicted 50% of the variance in maternal depression.Conclusions:  Children with cerebral palsy have more sleep problems than typically developing peers. Their mothers also have disturbed sleep that correlates with maternal depression. Childhood sleep problems can be treated and should be identified in routine clinical practice.
DETERMINATION OF THE QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF SOUS VIDE PACKAGED BONITO (SARDA SARDA, BLOCH, 1793) STORED AT 4 AND 12C
Authors: MOL SUHENDAN , OZTURAN SAMIME , COSANSU SERAP 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the quality and shelf life of sous vide bonito stored at 4 and 12C. The total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) values of cold stored samples exceeded the recommended limit on 35th day of storage, while they were unacceptable according to sensory scores. The TVB‐N and trimethylamine‐N values of sous vide samples stored at 12C exceeded the limits at the 18th day, while sensory scores were very close to the acceptability limit. For all samples, mesophilic and psychrophilic bacterial counts exceeded the limits after they were regarded as spoiled. Therefore, the shelf life of the sous vide bonito, cooked at 70C for 10 min, was 28 days at 4C while 15 days at 12C. It was seen that sous vide packaging provided a long shelf life for bonito.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSSous vide is a long established but relatively little known cooking process. The data regarding the effect of storage temperature on shelf life and quality of sous vide fish are very limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the sensory, microbiological and chemical quality of sous vides packaged bonito during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1C) and abuse temperature conditions (12 ± 1C). The results of this study can be utilized by researchers in future studies as well as by manufacturers to determine the processing and storage conditions of sous vide fish.
Nurse‐managed health centers: Safety‐net care through advanced nursing practice
Authors: Esperat Maria Christina R. , Hanson‐Turton Tine , Richardson Michele , Tyree Debisette Annette , Rupinta Catherine 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPurpose: To describe the nurse‐managed health center (NMHC) as a model for effective health delivery in providing safety‐net care to medically underserved populations.Data sources: Although the literature regarding outcomes of the model is still building, mounting evidence shows that NMHCs provide quality and cost‐effective care to their target populations. The Division of Nursing of the Health Resources and Services Administration has ample data to support the findings that NMHCs are a significant component of the primary healthcare system in providing access particularly for medically underserved and vulnerable populations. Furthermore, NMHCs are a powerful source of clinical experiences to train nurses and nurse practitioners as part of the healthcare workforce.Conclusions: The financial challenges facing NMHCs are significant; it will take an enormous push from organized fronts of the NMHC movement to give individual NMHCs a fighting chance to survive within the competitive healthcare climate.Implications for practice: Policy changes are essential to assure that NMHCs are an integral part of the primary healthcare safety net for America's vulnerable populations, and that advance practice nurses are at the forefront of policy initiatives.
Pursuing Justice in the Midst of War: The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
Authors: Neu Joyce 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was the first international war crimes tribunal since Nuremberg and the first to start proceedings before the war had ended. This paper examines the challenges of pursuing a peace agreement while war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide are being investigated and prosecuted. The question of the impact of international war crimes tribunals on peace efforts is increasingly important with the advent of a permanent International Criminal Court whose cases to date are all active conflict situations. Drawing on interviews with key actors during the war in Bosnia, this paper presents the perspective of mediators, the ICTY prosecution, and parties to the conflict in examining whether the pursuit of justice during the Bosnian war impeded the pursuit of peace.
Spider: An R package for the analysis of species identity and evolution, with particular reference to DNA barcoding
Authors: BROWN SAMUEL D. J. , COLLINS RUPERT A. , BOYER STEPHANE , LEFORT MARIE‐CAROLINE , MALUMBRES‐OLARTE JAGOBA , VINK COR J. , CRUICKSHANK ROBERT H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSpider: SPecies IDentity and Evolution in R is a new R package implementing a number of useful analyses for DNA barcoding studies and associated research into species delimitation and speciation. Included are functions essential for generating important summary statistics from DNA barcode data, assessing specimen identification efficacy, and for testing and optimizing divergence threshold limits. In terms of investigating evolutionary and taxonomic questions, techniques for assessing diagnostic nucleotides and probability of reciprocal monophyly are also provided. Additionally, a sliding window function offers opportunities to analyse information across a gene, essential for marker design in degraded DNA studies. Spider capitalizes on R’s extensible ethos and offers an integrated platform ideal for the analysis of both nucleotide and morphological data. The program can be obtained from the comprehensive R archive network (CRAN, http://cran.r‐project.org) and from the R‐Forge package development site (http://spider.r‐forge.r‐project.org/).