bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PW01-156 - Exploration Of Irony Appreciation In Schizophrenia: A Functional Mri Study
Authors: Varga E. , Hajnal A. , Schnell Z. , Orsi G. , Tényi T. , Fekete S. , Simon M. , Herold R. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionIrony is a form of speech used to convey feelings in an indirect way. Patients with schizophrenia demonstrated an impaired irony processing, associated with poor theory of mind.AimsWe used fMRI to examine neural circuitry underlying deficits in understanding irony in schizophrenia.Methods11 right-handed patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 11 right-handed healthy subjects were studied. Participants were asked to listen short scenarios. The 15 irony condition consisted an ironic statement, and the 15 control condition was physical causality. We used an event-related design. Every scenario started with a two sentences long context, followed by a 2-4 s (jittered) inter-stimulus interval. The third, critical ironic sentence appeared next, and finally a simple yes/no comprehension question followed. Between trials an inter-trial interval of 5-7 s (jittered) were used.ResultsThe schizophrenic group performed significantly worse in the irony condition than the control group (p=0.0008). Ironic statements resulted in significant activations in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and insula, right superior and medial frontal gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, posterior division of right superior and left middle temporal gyrus, left lingual gyrus, left cuneus and right inferior parietal lobule in the schizophrenic group. The control group showed significantly greater activity in the left IFG and insula compared to the schizophrenic group.ConclusionsAmong schizophrenic patients we found a significant underactivation in the left IFG and insula during irony comprehension, which may contribute to the impairements of social behavior in schizophrenia.
PW01-160 - Burden Of Chronic Insomnia Characterized By Nighttime Awakenings Among Diabetes Patients
Authors: Bolge S. , Joish V.N. , Kannan H. , Drake C.L. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveQuantify the burden of chronic insomnia characterized by nighttime awakenings (CINA) among diabetes patients.MethodsDatabase analyses of National Health and Wellness Survey, an annual cross-sectional study of U.S. adults. Data were collected across the U.S. through self-administered, Internet-based questionnaires. Patients included in this study self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes. From this cohort, subjects were categorized as CINA patients if they experienced nighttime awakenings, but did not experience difficulty falling asleep or sleep apnea. Controls did not experience sleep difficulties, sleep apnea, or symptoms of insomnia in the past twelve months. Outcomes included resource utilization in the past six months, work productivity and activity impairment as measured by validated WPAI questionnaire, and summary scores of the SF-8. Regression models were developed to assess independent effects of CINA on outcomes, adjusting for demographics and physical and psychiatric comorbidity.ResultsAmong diabetes patients, 150 experienced CINA; 2,437 experienced no insomnia (projected 0.56MM adults with CINA and diabetes). After adjustments, diabetes patients with CINA had 1.9 (p< 0.001) more provider visits, 11.8% (p=0.013) greater work impairment (among full-time employed) 17.0% (p< 0.001) greater activity impairment, and SF-8 physical and mental summary scores that were 5.2 and 5.2 (p< 0.001 for both) points lower than those without insomnia, a projected $33MM in direct costs and a loss of nearly six weeks of work productivity per year.ConclusionsAmong patients with diabetes, CINA in relative isolation was associated with a significant negative impact on healthcare utilization and its associated costs, work productivity, and health-related quality of life.
PW01-164 - Neuropsychological Assessment Of Cardiac Rehabilitation Following Cardiac Surgery - Preliminary Results
Authors: Szwed K. , Bieliński M. , Kaszewska A. , Hoffmann A. , Borkowska A. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundCognitive functioning involves all aspects of perception, thinking, reasoning, and remembering. Cardiac surgery is associated with a decline in cognitive functions. The incidence of this complication ranges from 3% to 80%. Cardiac rehabilitation is a treatment programme designed to help heart patients manage their condition, improve their health and recover their quality of life after a cardiac event.ObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of cardiac rehabilitation on neuropsychological parameters of patients undergoing cardiac surgery.MethodsNeuropsychological data were gathered from 20 patients (M=11,F= 9; mean age 66,5 ± 11,7 years) who underwent a four week cardiac rehabilitation program. To examine patients cognitive functioning following tests were utilized: Trail Making Test A and B, Stroop test A and B, FAS test and Digit Span Test (DST). Patients were qualified into two groups: Group - I after heart valve surgery. Group II - after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)ResultsIn TMT A and B both groups demonstrated similar improvement, though the results were below appropriate age norms. In part A of the Stroop test both groups improved their results, yet the improvement of the I group was greater. In part B of the Stroop test and in DST the results of group I improved, while the results of group II worsened. In the FAS test both groups improved their results, yet the improvement of group II was greater.ConclusionsThe group of patients who underwent heart valve surgery demonstrates greater improvement in processes associated with prefrontal cortex.
PW01-54 - Correlation Of A Set Of Gene Variants, Life Events And Personality Features On Adult Adhd Severity
Authors: Chiesa A. , Müller D. , Mandelli L. , De Luca V. , De Ronchi D. , Jain U. , Serretti A. , Kennedy J. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveIncreasing evidence suggests that symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) could persist into adult life in a substantial proportion of cases. The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of 1) adverse events, 2) personality traits and 3) genetic variants chosen on the basis of previous findings and 4) their possible interactions on adult ADHD severity in a sample of 110 Caucasian patients.MethodsOne hundred and ten individuals diagnosed with adult ADHD were evaluated for occurrence of adverse events in childhood and adulthood, and personality traits by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Common polymorphisms within a set of nine important candidate genes (SLC6A3, DBH, DRD4, DRD5, HTR2A, CHRNA7, BDNF, PRKG1 and TAAR9) were genotyped for each subject. Life events, personality traits and genetic variations were analyzed in relationship to severity of current symptoms, evaluated by the Brown Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (BADDS).ResultsGenetic variations were not significantly associated with severity of ADHD symptoms and life stressors displayed only a minor effect as compared to personality traits. Indeed, symptoms’ severity was significantly correlated with the temperamental trait of Harm avoidance and the character trait of Self directedness.ConclusionsThe results of the present work are in line with previous evidence of a significant correlation between some personality traits and adult ADHD. However, several limitations such as the small sample size and the exclusion of patients with other severe comorbid psychiatric disorders could have influenced the significance of present findings.
PW01-261 - Betahistine (HistaleantTM) Safely Mitigates Olanzapine Induced Weight Gain
Authors: Barak N. , Albeck J.H. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionPatients treated with olanzapine may experience substantial weight gain. This may result in metabolic abnormalities and contributes to lack of compliance. Recent findings indicate that the weight gain associated with Olanzapine is mediated by hypothalamic blockade of the Histamine H1 Receptor. Betahistine (Histalean™) is a centrally acting Histamine 1 receptor agonist used for the treatment of vertigo. We herein report the effect of Betahistine on Olanzapine induced weight gain.AimsTo evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics of this drug combination.Methods48 healthy women were randomized in a double blinded manner to receive Betahistine 144 mg/day or matching placebo. One week later, all subjects began 3 weeks Olnazapine (7.5 mg or 10 mg/day) treatment period.ResultsOverall the combined treatment was well tolerated. No difference was observed between treatment and placebo groups in adverse events rate or type. In the ITT population, the average weight gain in the Betahistine group was 1.2±1.3 Kg and 1.9 ± 0.9 Kg in the placebo group (p=0.0489). 52% of the placebo group gained more than 2.0 Kg versus only 23% in the treatment group (p= 0.043).ConclusionsThese results indicate that Betahistine is safe and effective in preventing Olanzapine associated weight gain.
[Absolute Weight change (kg) per visit, by Treatmen]
PW01-262 - Influence Of Age On Effectiveness And Tolerability Of Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Damm J. , Eser D. , Schuele C. , Obermeier M. , Möller H.-J. , Rupprecht R. , Baghai T. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionThe effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in pharmacotherapy resistant major depression and schizophrenia has been shown for all age groups. Nevertheless, age specific side effects such as greater cognitive impairment and higher somatic risks due to medical comorbidities and concomitant medication may be limiting factors in geriatric patients.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 4457 treatments in 380 patients. Clinical variables, treatment modalities, ictal and postictal neurophysiological parameters were analysed. For modelling the influence of age on these varibles of interest, linear regression models, if necessary logistic regression models, were performed (statistical software package R 2.8.1).ResultsWe found a considerable clinical improvement over all age groups. Higher severity of disease at admission came up with a better clinical response. In comparison of the whole patient sample versus the elderly over the age of 60, there were no significant differences in need and number of concomitant psychotropic, but in medical co-medication. Ictal and postictal EEG parameters were only in part predictive for clinical outcome, but age had a significant influence on most of them. Cardiovascular side effects and cognitive disturbances were more frequent in the elderly but were only transient, and in most cases there was no need for any specific treatment.ConclusionsThe outcome results show excellent effectiveness and tolerability of ECT in all age groups. The very old are more prone to adverse events, but nonetheless tolerate ECT well and are likely to benefit.
PW01-173 - Object Visual Processing In Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Authors: Feusner J. , Moody T. , Hembacher E. , Hoffman J. , Moller H. , Bookheimer S. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a preoccupation with misperceived defects in appearance. Neuropsychological studies and neuroimaging studies of face perception suggests visual processing abnormalities in individuals with BDD, which may involve focus on details at the expense of configural elements.ObjectiveThe objective of the current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to determine whether individuals with BDD have abnormal patterns of brain activation when visually processing non-face objects (houses).MethodsFourteen medication-free subjects with BDD and fourteen matched healthy controls engaged in a matching task of photographs of houses that werea)unaltered,b)high spatial frequency (high detail elements only), orc)low spatial frequency (low detail elements only).The main outcome measure was group differences in blood oxygen level-dependent fMRI signal changes.ResultsBDD subjects demonstrated lesser activity relative to controls in left parahippocampal gyrus, left lingual gyrus, and bilateral precuneus for low spatial frequency images and relatively greater activity in the frontal pole, left superior frontal gyrus, bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus, and bilateral paracingulate gyrus for high spatial frequency images (Figure 1).ConclusionsIndividuals with BDD have abnormal brain activation patterns when viewing houses for both detailed and configural/holistic visual elements. These results suggest general abnormalities in higher- and lower-order visual processing in individuals with BDD, beyond that for appearance-related stimuli.
PW01-176 - Schizotypy Clusters In Nonclinical Individuals
Authors: Barrantes-Vidal N. , Lewandowski K.E. , Kwapil T.R. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesCorrelational methods, unlike cluster analyses, cannot take into account the possibility that individuals score highly on more than one symptom dimension simultaneously. This may account for the inconsistency found in the correlates of schizotypy dimensions. This study explored the clustering of positive and negative schizotypy dimensions in nonclinical subjects and whether schizotypy clusters have meaningful patterns of adjustment in terms of psychopathology, social functioning, and personality.MethodsPositive and negative schizotypy scores were derived from the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales for 6.137 college students and submitted to cluster analysis. Of these, 780 completed the NEO-PI-R and Social Adjustment Scale-self report version, and further 430 were interviewed for schizophrenia-spectrum, mood, and substance use psychopathology.ResultsFour clusters were yielded: low, high positive, high negative, and mixed (high positive and negative) schizotypy. The positive-schizotypy cluster presented more psychotic-like experiences and schizotypal and paranoid symptoms, had more affective and substance abuse pathology, and were more open and extraverted. The negative-schizotypy cluster had more negative and schizoid symptoms, worse social adjustment, high conscientiousness and low agreeableness. The mixed cluster was the most deviant on almost all aspects.ConclusionsOur cluster solution is consistent with that of few previous cluster analyses in schizotypy and schizophrenia, indicating that meaningful profiles of schizotypy features are present in nonclinical populations. The clusters provide construct validity to the schizotypy types defined. The phenomenological similarity between schizotypy and schizophrenia in terms of their underlying dimensions and associated correlates in a general population sample supports the fully-dimensional conceptualization of schizotypy.
PW01-181 - Economic Consequences Of Medication Nonadherence In The Treatment Of Schizophrenia: 36-Month Results From The Soho (Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes) Study
Authors: Hong J. , Novick D. , Haro J.M. , Knapp M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo estimate costs associated with medication non-adherence over a 3-year follow-up period in the treatment of schizophrenia in routine clinical practice in Europe.MethodsSOHO is a 3-year, prospective, observational study of 10972 outpatient participants across 10 European countries. Data were collected at baseline and at 6-month intervals up to 36 months. Medication adherence was assessed at each visit by participating psychiatrists during 4 weeks prior to the visit as: (1) not prescribed medication; (2) always adherent; (3) partially adherent; and (4) never adherent. In this post-hoc analysis, multivariate analyses were performed to compare the costs of resource use (inpatient stay, day care, psychiatrist visits and medication) in patients who were adherent, partially adherent, and non-adherent, using a log-link function. Adherence status was included as a time-varying variable, and other baseline patient characteristics were adjusted for. UK unit costs were applied to resource use.ResultsOut of 5364 patients who were prescribed medication prior to baseline, 5.9% were non-adherent while 77.1% and 17.0% were adherent and partially adherent, respectively, at baseline. The average 6-month cost incurred by non-adherent patients was £2505 while that for adherent and partially adherent patients was £2029 and £2130 respectively. This difference was mainly due to inpatient costs. The inpatient costs incurred by non-adherent patients (£987) were almost double those for adherent patients (£475).ConclusionNon-adherence in schizophrenia was likely to incur more inpatient services, which may indicate poorer clinical prognosis. A study limitation is that adherence was assessed by investigators using a single-item measure.
PW01-183 - Relationship Of Personality Disorders To The Symptoms Of Schizophrenia
Authors: Karslioglu E. , Ulusoy Kaymak S. , Manisali Erkek B. , Özalp E. , Cankurtaran E. , Soygür H. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionIt is well estabhished that the frequency of all types of personality disorders are increased in schizophrenia. Stable personality traits influence the progress of the illness. The aim of this study was to investigate comorbid personality disorders and their relations with positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients.Materials and methodsData belonging to 27 female and 23 male schizophrenic patients (n=50) followed-up in our outpatient clinic constituted our series. Any patients having a history of mental retardation, head injury, prior neurological illness, alchohol or substance abuse were excluded. All patients were in a clinically stable phase of illness, and having no changes in medication for at least three months. Having obtained informed consent, patients were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) as well as the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Hamilton Axiety Scale (HAM-A), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM III-R Axis II Personality Disorders.ResultsThirty-six schizophrenia patients had at least one kind of comorbid personality disorder (72%) while 14 (28%) had not. Comparing the patients having personality disorders to the rest of our patient population, we have found no statistically significant differences in age groups, clinical variables and functioning.DiscussionWe have shown that approximately three fourths of our series accompanied by at least one type of personality disorders, a finding consolidating and concordant with some of the previous works.
PW01-185 - Genetic Profile Of Schizophrenic Patients In Pakistan
Authors: Kumar D. , Shad K.F. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a brain disease that has distressed human kind since the beginning of the written history. Firm knowledge about this illness is limited to certain areas including cognitive, risk genes etc. Basic question remains unanswered about the diagnostic heterogeneity and tissue neurochemistry. Several lines of evidence focus on direct involvement of glutamergic system in the pathophysiology of psyhosis.MethodsThe pilot study measured the difference between the plasma serine recemase level of normal and schizophrenic patients and estimated the D-isomers excreted in the urine using gas chromatography and Gas chromatography and mass selectivity (GCMS) respectively.ResultsPlasma and urine samples of normal and schizophrenic patients from UAE shows that the level of serine recemase and D-serine respectively is lower in schizophrenic pateints than that of the normal subjects.DiscussionThe hypofunction of the glutamate N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been proposed as a model of schizophrenia in humans using molecular marker and also due to evidence suggesting modulation of glutamate cicuitries after antipyschotic administration. In this regard there is increasing evidence from pharmacological and genetic studies that suggest that D-serine an endogenous co agonist to the NMDA subtype glutamate receptor, may be implicated in schizophrenia (SCZ). Although an association of genes for D-serine degradation such as D-amino acid oxidase and G72 has been reported, a role of recemase in SCZ is unclear.
PW01-187 - Treatment Of Insight In Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Piolino P. , Lalova M. , Baylé F. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundSchizophrenia is the psychiatric disorder in which the awareness of pathology is most frequently altered. This merits particular attention, because related to medication compliance and clinical outcome.ObjectivesTo improve the level of insight in stabilized schizophrenia patients by means of two cognitive remediation techniques: Cognitive remediation program for patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disease - ReCoS and autobiographical memory program - RemAu.MethodsThe study is based on the results of neurocognitive and insight evaluations before and after treatment of two groups of ten patients with RemAu and twenty patients with ReCoS. The level of insight is evaluated using the SUMD and the PANSS scales. For cognitive capacity we test their concentration level (Trail Making Test, TMT, Stroop), executive functions (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, WCST), memory (CVLT), autobiographical memory (TempAu) and their global cognitive capacity (WAIS III).ResultsThe results have enabled us to highlight the beneficial effects of the RemAu autobiographical reminiscence program on these patients’ insight. Although the ReCoS program does not significantly improve the level of insight, it produces results which are most satisfying with regard to the cognitive profile of each patient.ConclusionsThe patients who have most benefited from the program are those who already had a reasonable cognitive capacity before the treatment. This allows us to conclude that we should deliver a treatment which is directed simultaneously at persistent cognitive disorders and autobiographical memory in order to obtain optimal effect on the level of insight in this pathology.
PW01-189 - Correlation Between Serum Levels Of Nitric Oxide And Bilirubin In Patients With Schizophrenia: Preliminary Results
Authors: Memic A. , Huskic J. , Kapur L. , Kucukalic A. , Oruc L. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThere is a growing evidence that oxidative injury contributes to the patophysiology of schizophrenia (Sch), where higher concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) found to be neurotoxic. Data also suggest that bilirubin (BR) can serve as an endogenous scavenger of NO. The aim of this pilot study was to compare the serum levels of BR and NO among patients suffering from Sch, as well as to estimate whether NO serum levels differ between patients and healthy controls.MethodsThe study population were consisted of inpatients (n=20) who met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for Sch confirmed by Structured Clinical Interview (SCID 1) and healthy controls (n=20). In order to exclude psychiatric morbidity in control subjects the same diagnostic procedure was applied. Serum BR levels were measured by the method of Ehrlich. NO concentration in serum was determined by classic colorimetric Griess reactionResultsIn patients with schizophrenia BR serum level were 9.85±1.182 mmol/L ; X±SEM. Serum NO level was significantly higher in patients with Sch (23, 26 ± 1, 76 μmol/L; X±SEM) than in control subjects (14, 36±1, 42 μmol/L; X±SEM, p=0.001). Correlation between serum nitric oxide and BR values were 0.1518.ConclusionsResults of this study reveal that BR plays possible protective role in NO cell toxic activity. Our finding of increased serum NO levels in patients with Sch indicates its potential role in pathophysiology of this severe psychiatric disorder. However, those results are preliminary and have to be confirmed in sample of larger size.