bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical Step-by-Step Dissection of Complex Skull Base Approaches for Trainees: Surgical Anatomy of the Translabyrinthine and Transcochlear Approaches
Authors: Perry Avital , Carlstrom Lucas P. , Alexander Alex Yohan , Leonel Luciano C.P.C. , Nassiri Ashley M. , Nguyen Bachtri , Morris Jonathan M. , Driscoll Colin L.W. , Link Michael J. , Graffeo Christopher S. , Peris-Celda Maria 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction Skull base neuroanatomy is traditionally learned through two-dimensional anatomical atlases, which while are of unquestionable value, lack the nuanced association of three-dimensional relationships between fundamental anatomical structures relevant to surgical approaches. Surgically focused step-by-step anatomical dissections can augment trainee learning of complex skull base techniques, particularly multistep and nuanced techniques such as translabyrinthine and transcochlear approaches.
Methods Translabyrinthine and transcochlear approaches were performed on six sides of three formalin-fixed latex-injected specimens. The study objective was the completion and photo documentation of the steps involved in the approach in order to provide a comprehensive, intelligible, and anatomically oriented resource for multilevel trainees. Illustrative case examples were prepared to supplement approach dissections.
Results The translabyrinthine and transcochlear approaches offer unique lateral windows through the temporal bone into the posterior fossa, providing excellent access to pathology at the petrous apex, internal auditory canal, Meckel's cave, and anterolateral brainstem. The transcochlear approach, which is an anterior extension of the translabyrinthine, particularly provides excellent exposure of the prepontine region and clivus. Important surgical considerations include patient position, temporal bone drilling and identification of critical landmarks, dural opening and identification of neurovascular structures, and reconstruction/closure techniques.
Conclusion The translabyrinthine and transcochlear approaches are fundamental techniques for lateral skull base and posterior fossa pathologies. Both approaches are hearing-sacrificing but often require minimal to no cerebellar retraction and deliver unique visualization of prepontine neurovascular structures. This step-by-step approach guide provides a unique practical and high-yield surgically oriented learning resource for neurosurgery and otolaryngology trainees.
François Rabelais and his dystonic giants
Authors: Coutinho Léo , Camargo Carlos Henrique Ferreira , Teive Hélio Afonso Ghizoni 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Spasmodic torticollis was an early designation used for cervical dystonia. The origin of this name is attributed to French physician and writer François Rabelais in the mid-sixteenth century. This early description of torticollis in the book Pantagruel was an inspiration for the understanding of cervical dystonia. The art expressed in Rabelais' literature ‒ which was immortalized by the drawings of Gustave Doré ‒ influenced poetry, art, and photography, and led to the adoption of the term torticollis in the neurological sciences.
Giuseppe Levi, Natalia Ginzburg, and Lessico Famigliare (Family Lexicon): a seminal figure in the history of neuron cell biology and histology seen through his daughter's literary eyes
Authors: Pedro Matheus Kahakura Franco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOne of the most important figures in the history of neurohistology, Giuseppe Levi (1872–1965) contributed in numerous ways to neuroscience, particularly in the fields of neuronal plasticity and the understanding of sensory ganglia. His daughter Natalia Ginzburg, née Levi (1916–1991), on the other hand, achieved fame as one of the most celebrated Italian writers of the twentieth century. Lessico Famigliare (Family Lexicon), from 1963, is a semibiographical account of her life in which she describes the life and character of her father in detail, providing depth and complexity to a seminal figures in the development of neuroscience. A thorough reading of the book enables modern neurologists to fully appreciate Levi's life and contributions, by means of humanizing him and giving context to his life and works. The present article provides a summary of Levi's and Natalia's lives and times as well as an analysis of the book and of the intimate, vivid descriptions of the neurohistologist's life.
Cerebral Malformations Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 during Pregnancy
Authors: Presti Santiago , Dierna Federica , Zanghì Antonio , Vecchio Michele , Lavalle Salvatore , Praticò Elena R. , Ruggieri Martino , Polizzi Agata 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe pandemic of severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has shown a wide spectrum of possible consequences in children, ranging from asymptomatic patients to the development of severe conditions, such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and encephalopathies related to cytokine storm. Specifically, neurological and neuroimaging abnormalities, ranging from mild-to-the severe ones, have been documented in children as well, such as postinfectious immune-mediated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, myelitis, neural enhancement, cranial nerve enhancement, and cortical injury, also without neurological symptoms. Considering the neurotropism of coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2, which has been well described in the literature, we reviewed the literature reporting possible cerebral malformation in neonates due to the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy might develop cerebral disorders in several ways. Articles in English in the literature were screened using the following search terms: (1) “brain malformations” AND “COVID-19”; (2) “cerebral malformations” AND “COVID-19”; (3) brain malformations AND “Sars-Cov-2”; (4) “cerebral malformations “AND “Sars-Cov-2.” Considering the congenital brain malformation found in newborns exposed to infection of SARS-Cov-2 pre- or neonatally, we identified one paper which reported three neonates with cerebral malformation. Although sporadic, cerebral malformations like atypical signals in white matter with delayed myelination, brain dysplasia/hypoplasia with delayed myelination, and unusual signals in the periventricular regions have been documented.
Clinical Presentation and Risk Stratification of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Mohammed Abdul Qudoos Iqbal , Berman Lorin , Staroselsky Mark , Wenn Peter , Hai Ofek , Makaryus Amgad N. , Zeltser Roman 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPulmonary embolism (PE) presents with a spectrum of symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic cases to life-threatening events. Common symptoms include sudden dyspnea, chest pain, limb swelling, syncope, and hemoptysis. Clinical presentation varies based on thrombus burden, demographics, and time to presentation. Diagnostic evaluation involves assessing symptoms, physical examination findings, and utilizing laboratory tests, including D-dimer. Risk stratification using tools like Wells score, Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index, and Hestia criteria aids in determining the severity of PE. PE is categorized based on hemodynamic status, temporal patterns, and anatomic locations of emboli to guide in making treatment decisions. Risk stratification plays a crucial role in directing management strategies, with elderly and comorbid individuals at higher risk. Early identification and appropriate risk stratification are essential for effective management of PE. As we delve into this review article, we aim to enhance the knowledge base surrounding PE, contributing to improved patient outcomes through informed decision-making in clinical practice.
Combined Deficit of the Four Lower Cranial Nerves also Known as the Syndrome of Collet-Sicard: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Beucler Nathan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCombined deficit of the four lower cranial nerves (CN IX, X, XI, and XII) was originally described by French physicians Collet (1915) and Sicard (1917) during World War I. To date though, this rare neurological clinical picture lacks systematic evidence regarding its epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment strategies, and outcome. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis concerning Collet-Sicard syndrome (CSS) on Medline database in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The research yielded 84 articles among which 73 individual case reports were eventually retained. Mean age was 53.7 (± 16) years old and the male-to-female ratio was 1.8/1. CSS was firstly caused by tumors (38.4%), following by vascular etiologies (28.8%), trauma (16.4%), and infection (6.8%), among others. Temporary enteral nutrition was required for 17 patients (23.3%). The four CN presented significant chances of complete or partial recovery: 52.1% for CN IX (p < 0.001), 46.6% for CN X and CN XII (p < 0.001), and 39.7% for CN XI (p = 0.002). Tumoral causes presented significantly lower chances of favorable CN recovery (7.1%) compared to infection (60%), vascular (52.4%), and trauma (41.7%) (p < 0.001). Older age (> 53 years old) was not associated with a dismal CN prognostic (p = 0.763). Most patients (71.2%) presented a favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score ≥ 4). All the patients who died (6.8%) suffered from skull base tumors. CSS is a rare condition requiring prompt clinical and radiologic diagnostic and multidisciplinary management. Vascular or infectious-related CSS seem to present a rather good prognostic, closely followed by trauma, whereas tumoral-related CSS seem to suffer from a more dismal prognostic.
Exploring the value of holiday preferences and routine activities for understanding tourist victimisation while on holiday
Authors: Vakhitova Zarina I. , Mawby Rob I. , Helps Nicola 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCrime risk can affect tourists’ choices of holiday destination, accommodation, and activities. However, victimisation of tourists has received limited attention in existing studies. This paper integrates tourists’ holiday preferences with lifestyles and routine activities explanations to examine the relationship between tourism and victimisation. Using a sample of Australian tourists who travelled to Bali or the British Isles (N = 1027), we demonstrate the usefulness of this integrated approach in understanding the risk of theft while on holiday. We found that tourists aspiring to be adventurous, but opting for pre-arranged package holidays and spending most of their time with other tourists, were most vulnerable to theft from their person. The findings can help ensure that security measures target those who will benefit it the most.
A home health management app designed in the post-epidemic era using empirical evidence based on the demand collection of elderly users
Authors: Zhou Chengmin , Guo Jingyi , Zhang Yurong , Huang Ting , Kaner Jake 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the context of the epidemic, the daily routines of China’s elderly populace underwent substantial transformations. The implementation of home-based pandemic containment strategies led to heightened levels of social isolation and loneliness, exerting a discernible influence on the subjective well-being of this demographic. Consequently, residing in retirement apartments has emerged as a more advantageous alternative for elderly individuals capable of self-care. To meet their life and emotional needs and improve their sense of well-being, we used the KANO model to design a health management app for the self-care of older persons. We summarised the functional requirements for the self-care of elderly people, distributed questionnaires to generate a list of requirements, and conducted data analysis. We optimised the low-fidelity prototype based on the usability test results combined with relevant interface design elements to implement emotional interaction design practices for older persons’ self-care. Furthermore, we completed a design evaluation and program optimisation of the design practice to guide the final visual design. The research findings identify the core principles of interactive design for elderly users to enable visual design specifications for improving the lives of the elderly population. This research highlights the need to design more appropriate products that meet demographic characteristics. This work contributes to strengthening the connection between elderly people and society while bridging the ‘digital divide’ based on this population’s cautious approach to technologies and declining abilities to learn.
An STS analysis of a digital humanities collaboration: trading zones, boundary objects, and interactional expertise in the DECRYPT project
Authors: Láng Benedek , Megyesi Beáta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA widely shared recognition over the past decade is that the methodology and the basic concepts of science and technology studies (STS) can be used to analyze collaborations in the cross-disciplinary field of digital humanities (DH). The concepts of trading zones (Galison, 2010), boundary objects (Star and Griesemer, 1989), and interactional expertise (Collins and Evans, 2007) are particularly fruitful for describing projects in which researchers from massively different epistemic cultures (Knorr Cetina, 1999) are trying to develop a common language. The literature, however, primarily concentrates on examples where only two parties, historians and IT experts, work together. More exciting perspectives open up for analysis when more than two, more nuanced and different epistemic cultures seek a common language and common research goals. In the DECRYPT project funded by the Swedish Research Council, computational linguists, historians, computer scientists and AI experts, cryptologists, computer vision specialists, historical linguists, archivists, and philologists collaborate with strikingly different methodologies, publication patterns, and approaches. They develop and use common resources (including a database and a large collection of European historical texts) and tools (among others a code-breaking software, a hand-written text recognition tool for transcription), researching partly overlapping topics (handwritten historical ciphers and keys) to reach common goals. In this article, we aim to show how the STS concepts are illuminating when describing the mechanisms of the DECRYPT collaboration and shed some light on the best practices and challenges of a truly cross-disciplinary DH project.
Longitudinal trajectories of self-esteem, related predictors, and impact on depression among students over a four-year period at college in China
Authors: Liu Xinqiao , Yuan Yilin , Gao Wenjuan , Luo Yunfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSelf-esteem plays a crucial role in the psychological development of college students. Based on four-wave longitudinal data, this study empirically investigated the longitudinal trajectories of self-esteem, related predictors, and the impact on depression in a sample of Chinese college students. Piecewise growth mixture modeling was utilized to identify potential self-esteem trajectories. Furthermore, multinomial logistic regression models were employed along with the Kruskal‒Wallis test to analyze the factors that influence self-esteem development trajectories and assess variations in depression. The results showed that college students’ self-esteem trajectories can be divided into three categories: slowly decreasing (81.04%), rising then falling (16.94%), and falling then rising (2.02%). Various personal factors (e.g. ethnicity, family residence, self-reported health status, extroversion) and socioeconomic factors (e.g. closeness with classmates, family economic level, family social status, and the mother’s educational level) can influence the classification of students’ self-esteem development trajectories. Moreover, notable differences in depression were observed among students in different self-esteem trajectory groups. The results emphasize the imperative of implementing interventions to enhance self-esteem among college students.
Improving second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory for noncovalent interactions with the machine learning-corrected ab initio dispersion potential
Authors: Lao Ka Un , Villot Corentin 
Published: May 2024

In this work, we utilize our recently developed machine learning (ML)-corrected ab initio dispersion (aiD) potential, known as D3-ML, which is based on the comprehensive SAPT10K dataset and relies solely on Cartesian coordinates as input, to address the dispersion deficiencies in second-order Møller−Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) by replacing its problematic dispersion and exchange-dispersion terms with D3-ML. This leads to the development of a new dispersion-corrected MP2 method, MP2+aiD(CCD), which outperforms other spin-component-scaled and dispersion-corrected MP2 methods as well as popular ML models for predicting noncovalent interactions across various datasets, including S66 × 8, NAP6 (containing 6 naphthalene dimers), L7, S12L, DNA−ellipticine, the C60 dimer, and C60[6]CPPA. In addition, MP2+aiD(CCD) exhibits comparable or even superior performance compared to the contemporary ωB97M-V functional. The limited performance of pure ML models for systems outside the training set or larger than those in the training set highlights their instability and unpredictability. Conversely, the outstanding performance and transferability of the hybrid MP2+aiD(CCD) method can be attributed to the fusion of the physical electronic structure method and a data-driven ML model, combining the strengths of both sides. This investigation firmly establishes MP2+aiD(CCD) as one of the most accurate and reliable fifth-order scaling correlated wave function methods currently available for modeling noncovalent interactions, even for large complexes. MP2+aiD(CCD) is expected to be reliably applicable in investigating real-life complexes at the hundred-atom scale.
The reproductive performance of phosphorus-deficient mature cows improved rapidly when given supplementary phosphorus in the Victoria River District of the Northern Territory
Authors: Schatz T. J. , Hearnden M. N. , Maxwell C. 
Published: May 2024

Context There is little published information on how long it takes for the performance of phosphorus (P)-deficient mature cows to improve once they start receiving P supplements, or whether their long-term performance is impaired by P deficiency early in life. Aims The performance of mature P-deficient and P-adequate Brahman cows was compared over 3 years to investigate the time it takes for the performance of P-deficient mature cows to improve once they are supplemented with P, and whether their long-term performance is compromised by P deficiency early in life. Methods Cows that had been a part of a P-supplementation trial at Victoria River Research Station from weaning until they were 5.5 years old were used for this study. One treatment group had received continuous P supplement (P+) since weaning and the other treatment had never received any P supplement (P−). At the conclusion of the original trial, 42 cows were randomly selected from each treatment and then grazed together in the same paddock for 3 years, during which time they were given P supplement continuously. Performance attributes were measured and compared. Key results This study found that P supplementation rapidly improved the liveweight, body condition, reproductive performance and survival rate of the P-deficient (P−) mature cows. Within a year of receiving P supplement, their performance improved to be similar to that of P+ cows. However, P deficiency early in life did have some residual stunting effects, resulting in lower mean hip height and liveweights of P− cows. Conclusions The performance of P-deficient mature cows improved rapidly once they were given P supplements and matched that of cows that had always been supplemented. However, P deficiency early in life caused stunting, resulting in mature cows being shorter and lighter. Implications Cattle producers in P-deficient country should see a rapid improvement in performance and return on investment once they start supplementing P-deficient cows. However, it is better to supplement cattle throughout their lives in P-deficient areas to avoid stunting.
Analysis of pelvic floor muscle electromyography parameters in women with or without sexual dysfunction
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Che Yan , Zhang Yumei , Guan Tingfeng , Wang Jie , Du Xinying 
Published: May 2024

Background To investigate the differences in pelvic floor muscle (PFM) electromyography (EMG) parameters between women with or without sexual dysfunction (FSD) and their correlations. Methods Women who voluntarily participated in a questionnaire-based survey on sexual function and underwent PFM EMG in Weifang People’s Hospital during the period from March 2021 to December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. The female sexual (dys)function was measured using the Female Sexual Function Index. Glazer PFM EMG was performed using a Melander instrument (MLD A2 Deluxe). The differences in PFM EMG parameters between women with or without FSD were compared, and the relationships between PFM EMG parameters and FSD were analysed using multiple linear regression models. Results A total of 305 women were enrolled, with 163 in the FSD group and 142 in the non-FSD group. Comparisons of PFM EMG parameters between these two groups revealed that the FSD group had significantly higher peak EMG amplitude during the phasic (flick) contractions and shorter recovery latency during the tonic contractions than the non-FSD group (both P < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression suggested that the peak EMG amplitude during the phasic (flick) contractions was 5.39 μV higher in the FSD group than in the non-FSD group, whereas the recovery latency during the tonic contractions was 0.29 s shorter (both P < 0.05). Conclusions The results of the pelvic floor EMG in this study suggest that the pelvic floor muscles of women with FSD may be more susceptible to fatigue, and may have poorer coordination of their pelvic floor muscles.
Pedipalp anatomy of the Australian black rock scorpion, Urodacus manicatus, with implications for functional morphology
Authors: Bicknell Russell D. C. , Edgecombe Gregory D. , Goatley Christopher H. R. , Charlton Glen , Paterson John R. 
Published: May 2024

Pedipalps – chelate ‘pincers’ as the second pair of prosomal appendages – are a striking feature of scorpions and are employed in varied biological functions. Despite the distinctive morphology and ecological importance of these appendages, their anatomy remains underexplored. To rectify this, we examined the pedipalps of the Australian black rock scorpion, Urodacus manicatus, using a multifaceted approach consisting of microcomputed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and live pinch force measurements. In doing so, we document the following aspects of the pedipalps: (1) the musculature in three dimensions; (2) the cuticular microstructure, focusing on the chelae (tibial and tarsal podomeres); (3) the elemental construction of the chelae teeth; and (4) the chelae pinch force. We recognise 25 muscle groups in U. manicatus pedipalps, substantially more than previously documented in scorpions. The cuticular microstructure – endo-, meso-, and exocuticle – of U. manicatus pedipalps is shown to be similar to other scorpions and that mesocuticle reinforces the chelae for predation and burrowing. Elemental mapping of the chelae teeth highlights enrichment in calcium, chlorine, nickel, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, vanadium, and zinc, with a marked lack of carbon. These elements reinforce the teeth, increasing robustness to better enable prey capture and incapacitation. Finally, the pinch force data demonstrate that U. manicatus can exert high pinch forces (4.1 N), further highlighting the application of chelae in subduing prey, as opposed to holding prey for envenomation. We demonstrate that U. manicatus has an array of adaptions for functioning as a sit-and-wait predator that primarily uses highly reinforced chelae to process prey.