bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine reflects symptomatic status and severity of systolic dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Kobayashi Shigeki , Susa Takehisa , Tanaka Takeo , Wada Yasuaki , Okuda Shinichi , Doi Masahiro , Nao Tomoko , Yoshiga Yasuhiro , Yamada Jutaro , Okamura Takayuki , Ueyama Takeshi , Kawamura Syuji , Yano Masafumi , Matsuzaki Masunori 
Published: October 2010

AimsOxidative stress is known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). We investigated whether urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), a product of oxidative DNA damage, is a clinically useful biomarker of the severity of chronic heart failure (CHF) and oxidative stress levels in failing hearts.Methods and resultsWe measured 8‐OHdG in the serum obtained from the coronary sinus (CS) and aortic root (Ao) in small groups of control subjects and CHF patients. We then measured urinary 8‐OHdG and other biomarkers (brain natriuretic peptide, 8‐isoplastane, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, and tumour necrosis factor‐α) in 31 control subjects and 194 patients with CHF [left‐ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): 28.3 ± 8.1%]. Serum 8‐OHdG was significantly higher in the CS than the Ao in CHF patients only. Urinary 8‐OHdG was also significantly higher in CHF patients than in control subjects, and urinary 8‐OHdG became higher as New York Heart Association class increased. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between urinary 8‐OHdG and LVEF (r = −0.27), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = 0.31), or left‐ventricular end‐diastolic volume index (r = 0.22). In contrast, there was poor correlation between the severity of CHF and the other neurohumoral biomarkers.ConclusionIn HF, urinary 8‐OHdG seems to reflect the level of oxidative stress and various parameters related to symptomatic status and functional severity of CHF.
Cow's‐Milk Allergy Is a Risk Factor for the Development of FGIDs in Children
Authors: Saps Miguel , Lu Peter , Bonilla Silvana 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common in children. Their pathogenesis remains unknown and is most likely multifactorial. We hypothesized that noninfectious causes of inflammation affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract early in life, such as cow's‐milk allergy (CMA), can predispose to the development of FGIDs later in childhood.Patients and Methods:Case‐control study. Subjects were patients between 4 and 18 years diagnosed with CMA in the first year of life at Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago, IL, between January 2000 and June 2009. Diagnosis of CMA was based on history and clinical findings. Siblings 4 to 18 years of age without a history of CMA were selected as controls. Cases completed the parental form of the Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rome III version questionnaire to assess for GI symptoms.Results:Fifty‐two subjects (mean age 8.1 ± 4.48 years, 62% girls) and 53 controls (mean age 9.7 ± 4.20 years, 55% girls) participated in the study. Twenty‐three of 52 subjects (44.2%) reported GI symptoms that included abdominal pain, constipation, or diarrhea compared with 11 of 53 controls (20.75%) (odds ratio 3.03, P = 0.01). Abdominal pain was significantly more common in cases (16/52, 30.8%) versus controls (5/53, 9.43%) (odds ratio 4.27 [1.43–12.7]) (χ2 = 7.47, P = 0.01). Abnormal stool habits were more common in cases (15/52, 28.8%) versus controls (7/53, 13.2%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Ten of 52 subjects (19.2%) met the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rome III version criteria for diagnosis of an FGID (7 irritable bowel syndrome, 2 functional dyspepsia, 1 functional abdominal pain), whereas none in the control group did.Conclusions:CMA constitutes a risk factor for the development of FGIDs in children.
The Form of the Penis in the British Rhinolophid Bats, compared with that in some of the Vespertilionid Bats; and (2) The Female Sexual Cycle in the British Horse‐shoe Bats, Rhinolophus ferrum‐equinum insulanus Barrett‐Hamilton and R. hipposideros minutus Montagu.
Authors: Matthews L. Harrison 
Published: October 2010

Summary.1. Although the penis of the Chiroptera is generally described as pendulous, it is directed cranially in Rhinolophus ferrum‐equinum insulanus and R. hipposideros minutus.2. In five species of British Vespertilionid bats the penis varies from the cranially directed type to the completely pendulous type.3. The glans penis in the Rhinolophidse is large and complicated in architecture, but in the Vespertilionidse it is very small and comparatively simple.4. The form and structure of the glans penis and prepuce in R. ferrum‐equinum insulanus and R. hipposideros minutus are briefly described and compared with those of five species of British Vespertilionid bats.5. The biological correlations and taxonomic importance of the differences in the form and structure of the glans penis in the Rhinolophidae and the Vespertilionidae are indicated.
Observations on the Autonomic Nervous System and on Vertebral and Neural Segmentation in Monkeys.
Authors: Zuckerman S. 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARY.

Rhesus monkeys normally have 29 precaudal vertebra, comprising 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 7 lumbar, and 3 sacral segments.
In 15 per cent. of 241 specimens a pair of small rib‐like processes articulated When the accessory thirteenth ribs are unequal with the first lumbar vertebra. in size, the right is usually larger than the left.
Variations in the total number of thoraco‐lumbar vertebrae have been observed in only eight (3‐3 per cent.) of 241 specimens. In two the number was reduced to 18, and in six it was increased to 20, 13 rib‐bearing vertebrz being followed by seven non‐rib‐bearing lumbar vertebra
The number of sacral vertebra was abnormal in only two of 168 specimens. In one there were four sacral vertebræ, in the other two.
As a result of the attachment of the lumbo‐costal arches to the second lumbar vertebra, the first lumbar (thirteenth postcervical) vertebra is invariably intrathoracic in position.
In the fully prefixed type of lumbo‐sacral plexus the femoral and obturator nerves are formed by branches of the third, fourth, and fifth lumbar roots, and the most cranial root of the sciatic is the fifth lumbar. In the fully postfixed type of lumbo‐sacral plexus the sixth lumbar root contributes to both the femoral and obturator nerves, and is also the most cranial root of origin of the sciatic. Intermediate arrangements occur in which the sixth lumbar root supplies the obturator and not the femoral nerve, and in which the uppermost root of origin of the sciatic is either the fifth or sixth lumbar. The prefixed type of plexus occurred in 59 (52.5 per cent.), the fully postfixed in 31 (28 per cent.), and intermediate arrangements in 22 (19.5 per cent.) of 112 dissections.
Specimens with 13 pairs of ribs usually have a postfixed lumbo‐sacral plexus. Such a plexus also frequently occurs in animals with the more usual number of 12 pairs of ribs.
The arrangement of the lumbo‐sacral plexus in anomalous specimens with an extra segment in the thoraco‐lumbar series suggests that the extra vertebra is formed by the duplication of the normal seventh lumbar (nineteenth postcervical) vertebra.
A detailed description of the main sympathetic nerves in the rhesus monkey is provided.
The caudal limit of emergence of white rami communicantes was the third lumbar root in 51, the fourth lumbar in 57, and the fifth lumbar in three of 111 specimens.
There is a tendency for the caudal level to be the third lumbar root in a prefixed and to be the fourth lumbar in a postfixed plexus.
The sacral autonomic nerves usually spring from the first and second sacral There is a possibility that some (twentieth and twenty‐first postcervical) roots. fibres of these nerves pass cranially in the hypogastric nerve‐trunks.
The relations of vertebral levels to the levels of origin of the spinal nerves from the cord are described.
The anatomy of the lumbo‐sacral plexus and of the sympathetic nerves in 12 other species of Primate is briefly stated.
The perceived threat of the risk for graft rejection and health‐related quality of life among organ transplant recipients
Authors: Nilsson Madeleine , Forsberg Anna , Bäckman Lars , Lennerling Annette , Persson Lars‐Olof 
Published: October 2010

Aims. This study was primarily aimed for developing and testing a valid and reliable instrument that measures perceived threat of the risk for graft rejection after organ transplantation. A second aim was to report descriptive data regarding graft rejection and Health‐Related Quality of Life.Background. The most serious risk connected with transplantations besides infection is graft rejection.Design. Non experimental, descriptive involving instrument development and psychometric assessment.Method. Questionnaires about perceived threat of the risk for graft rejection and Health‐Related Quality of Life were mailed to 229 OTRs between 19–65 years old. The items were formed from a previous interview study. Patients were transplanted with a kidney, a liver or a heart and/or a lung. All patients with follow‐up time of one year ± three months and three years ± three months were included.Results. With an 81% response rate, the study comprised of 185 OTRs, who had received either a kidney (n = 117), a liver (n = 39) or heart or lung (n = 29). Three homogenous factors of perceived threat for graft rejection were revealed, labelled ‘intrusive anxiety’, ‘graft‐related threat’ and ‘lack of control’. Tests of internal consistency showed good item‐scale convergent and discriminatory validity. A majority of the OTRs scored low levels for ‘intrusive anxiety’. The kidney transplant recipients experienced more ‘graft‐related threat’ by acute graft rejection than those transplanted with a liver, heart or lung.Conclusion. In conclusion, this study suggests that it is possible to measure the perceived threat of the risk for graft rejection in three homogenous factors.Relevance to clinical practice. The instrument perceived threat of the risk for graft rejection, might be usable to measure the impact of fear of graft rejection, to predict needs of pedagogical intervention strategies to reduce fear and to improve Health‐Related Quality of Life related to graft rejection.
Blastomycosis‐like pyoderma: response to systemic retinoid therapy
Authors: Kobraei Kathy B. , Wesson Stanton K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBlastomycosis‐like pyoderma is a proliferative tissue response with multifactorial etiologies that may mimic other inflammatory and neoplastic skin disorders. It often occurs on sun damaged skin of immunocompromised patients. We report a case of blastomycosis‐like pyoderma in a patient with underlying metastatic medullary carcinoma of the thyroid receiving treatment with sorafenib (a multikinase inhibitor). Prior treatments were unsuccessful. Our treatment with oral acitretin resulted in significant improvement.
Responsiveness of nonHerlitz Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa to topical gentian violet
Authors: Venugopal Supriya S. , Intong Lizbeth R.A. , Cohn Heather I. , Mather‐Hillon Jessica , Murrell Dedee F. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryBackground  Gentian violet (GV), a mixture of crystal violet and methyl violet, a dye belonging to the di‐ and triaminophenylmethanes class and has been widely used for its bactericidal and fungicidal properties. To date, there have been no reports of long‐term therapeutic use of GV in epidermolysis bullosa (EB).Methods  Two brothers with nonHerlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) aged 12 and 14 tried topical GV to one lower leg with conventional silicone dressings and this was compared with leaving the other leg with silicone dressings alone, over 4 weeks. Wounds were photographed and measured using Visitrak analysis. Pain, ooze, and appearance were assessed using visual analog scales (VAS) scales and Quality of life using Dermatology Life Quality Index and QOLEB (2) tools.Results  The side treated with dressings and GV reduced to 14.9 cm2 (−20.74%) and to 9.5 cm2 (−56.62%) for dressings alone in the older brother (EB‐012) and to 4.2 cm2 (+20%) and 12.5 cm2 (−7%) for the younger brother (EB‐011) in ulcer size, respectively. Both patients did complain of stinging on the sites treated within a few days. QOL measures and VAS scores did not show any significant change.Conclusions  GV may be considered to be a therapeutic option for ulcers in nH‐JEB patients and potentially other EB subtypes. A formal randomized controlled trial and long‐term safety study of GV in EB is recommended.
Postinflammatory depigmentation: excellent results with suction blister grafting
Authors: Suthar Chandanmal , Gupta Somesh , Kathuria Sushruta 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDepigmentation over the face of young females is usually not acceptable from an Indian social perspective. We are reporting a case of postinflammatory depigmentation over face of young female that was successfully treated. The patient developed depigmentation following inflammation as a result of a local application. She underwent three sessions of epidermal suction blister grafting with PUVA therapy instituted after the grafting to assist in the spreading of the pigmentation. First two sitting resulted in total repigmentation. She underwent a third sitting recently. Pigment spread is continuing with PUVA therapy in the area of the third session. The patient is satisfied with the outcome. In conclusion, we suggest that suction blister epidermal grafting can be tried in the treatment of postinflammatory depigmenation.
Manipulating Shape Cues in Dynamic Human Faces: Sexual Dimorphism is Preferred in Female but not Male Faces
Authors: Morrison Edward R. , Clark Andrew P. , Tiddeman Bernard P. , Penton‐Voak Ian S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSexual dimorphism in the human face has been linked to attractiveness, and computer‐graphic techniques have been useful in this field by allowing experimental manipulation of dimorphism. However, a limitation of much research is its reliance on static pictorial stimuli, whereas real faces are dynamic, as is much courtship behaviour throughout nature. Furthermore, little is known about possible interactions between static and dynamic facial cues and attractiveness. We adapted well‐established face‐morphing technology to manipulate sexual dimorphism in male and female dynamic facial displays depicting prosocial and antisocial behaviour. Masculinised and feminised versions of these videos were presented as a two‐alternative forced choice task to measure preferences. Feminised female videos were preferred in both movement contexts, as expected. More surprisingly, no directional preference for masculinity or femininity was evident for the male videos in either context. Further analysis showed that the movement of the faces (prosocial vs. antisocial) had no effect on attractiveness ratings. Results were the same with static stimuli and did not conflict with findings from the wider literature using static faces. These findings suggest that the new technique we describe is a valid way to manipulate facial shape in videos and can now be widely applied to future studies of facial morphing.
A new molecular phylogeny offers hope for a stable family level classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Zahiri Reza , Kitching Ian J. , Lafontaine J. Donald , Mutanen Marko , Kaila Lauri , Holloway Jeremy D. , Wahlberg Niklas 
Published: October 2010

Zahiri, R., Kitching, I. J., Lafontaine, J. D., Mutanen, M., Kaila, L., Holloway, J. D. & Wahlberg, N. (2010). A new molecular phylogeny offers hope for a stable family level classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera). —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 158–173.To examine the higher level phylogeny and evolutionary affinities of the megadiverse superfamily Noctuoidea, an extensive molecular systematic study was undertaken with special emphasis on Noctuidae, the most controversial group in Noctuoidea and arguably the entire Lepidoptera. DNA sequence data for one mitochondrial gene (cytochrome oxidase subunit I) and seven nuclear genes (Elongation Factor‐1α, wingless, Ribosomal protein S5, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and Carbamoylphosphate synthase domain protein) were analysed for 152 taxa of principally type genera/species for family group taxa. Data matrices (6407 bp total) were analysed by parsimony with equal weighting and model‐based evolutionary methods (maximum likelihood), which revealed a new high‐level phylogenetic hypothesis comprising six major, well‐supported lineages that we here interpret as families: Oenosandridae, Notodontidae, Erebidae, Nolidae, Euteliidae and Noctuidae.
Parity and risk of diabetes in a Danish nationwide birth cohort
Authors: Naver K. V. , Lundbye‐Christensen S. , Gorst‐Rasmussen A. , Nilas L. , Secher N. J. , Rasmussen S. , Ovesen P. 
Published: October 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 43–47 (2011)AbstractAims  The purpose was to elucidate the association between parity and the incidence of diabetes using national register data.Methods  The study population consisted of all Danish women with a singleton delivery in 1982/1983 (n = 100 669), who subsequently had 74 966 deliveries. The included women were followed up via registries until the end of 2006 for subsequent deliveries, diagnosis of diabetes and death/emigration.Results  A total of 2021 cases (2.0%) were diagnosed with diabetes in connection with hospitalization or outpatient treatment during follow‐up. Analyses were adjusted for fetal weight and duration of gestation, both at index pregnancy. Cox regression analysis with parity as a time‐varying exposure, stratified in two age groups, showed an association between parity and risk of a diagnosis of diabetes. In women <33 years of age, parity 2, 3 and 4 +  were associated with an increased risk of being diagnosed with diabetes compared with parity 1 [relative risks: 1.6 (95% confidence interval 1.1–2.3), 2.8 (1.8–4.3) and 2.5 (1.3–4.8), respectively]. Among women >33 years of age, parity 2 was associated with a significantly lower risk of diabetes diagnosis compared with parity 1, whereas parity 4 +  was associated with a significantly higher risk of diabetes diagnosis compared with parity 1.Conclusions  The study shows that the risk of diabetes diagnosis increases with parity in young Danish women. This may support a causal association between diabetes and parity.
Deprivation impedes success of insulin intensification in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes; longitudinal linear mixed modelling of a retrospective observational cohort
Authors: Hine P. , Senniappan S. , Sankar V. , Amin R 
Published: October 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 338–344 (2011)AbstractAims  To examine the relationship between social deprivation, intensification of insulin therapy (≥ three injections per day) and diabetes control in children and adolescents.Methods  We performed a longitudinal observational study of 283 children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes from three UK paediatric centres from 2005 to 2007. We used linear mixed modelling to identify the contribution of the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004, insulin regimen and demographic factors in explaining longitudinal differences in HbA1c levels.Results  Overall mean HbA1c levels were 8.9% [sd 1.4, 74 mmol/mol (8 mmol/mol)]. Prescribing of intensive therapy increased from 49.2 to 70.1% (χ2 = 32.9, P < 0.001), but there was no corresponding improvement in HbA1c levels. Those from more educationally deprived backgrounds were less likely to be started on intensive therapy (P = 0.04). In linear mixed modelling, factors independently associated with poor metabolic control were greater social deprivation (P = 0.01), particularly lower educational levels (P = 0.006), and non‐White ethnicity (P = 0.04). Nested terms analysis showed that increased deprivation interacted with non‐White ethnicity (P = 0.009) and with intensive insulin therapy (P = 0.03) to result in poorer metabolic control. In a subgroup intensified from conventional regimens during follow‐up (n = 75), greater social deprivation was associated with least success of intensive therapy (P = 0.02).Conclusions  Social deprivation was associated with low uptake and poor success of insulin intensification and this appeared to be largely mediated via lower educational levels.
Typology of the Eight Domains of Discretion in Organizations
Authors: Caza Arran 
Published: October 2010

abstractDiscretion (an individual's latitude of action) is a fundamental element of work, with extensive individual and organizational consequences. Research has demonstrated the importance of discretion, but there is not yet a mature theory of discretion in organizations. Towards that end, this paper derives a multidimensional typology of discretion in organizations, integrating previous empirical results and archival interview data. It is found that discretion comprises eight distinct domains. This eight‐part typology casts new light on previous findings and contributes towards a mature theory of discretion. This article discusses the circumplex structure of the eight domains and their potential utility in characterizing fundamental aspects of work.
AMBIVALENCE AND AUTHENTIC AGENCY
Authors: Ekstrom Laura W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIt is common to believe that some of our concerns are deeper concerns of ours than are others and that some of our attitudes are central rather than peripheral to our psychological identity. What is the best approach to characterizing depth or centrality to the self? This paper addresses the matter of the depth and authenticity of attitudes and the relation of this matter to the autonomy of action. It defends a conception of the real self in terms of preferences and convictions that cohere in a particular structural sense. It thereby gives content to the notion of wholeheartedness to which various action theorists make appeal. The approach is defended in part by an examination of how it handles the phenomenon of ambivalence.1
BEING IN THE WORLD
Authors: Raz Joseph 
Published: October 2010

AbstractActions for which we are responsible constitute our engagement with the world as rational agents. What is the relationship between such actions and our capacities for rational agency? I take this to be a question about responsibility in a particular use of that term, which I shall call ‘responsibility2’. We are not responsible2 for all our intentional actions (actions under hypnosis, for example), but we can nevertheless be responsible2 for actions we do not adequately control, for negligent actions, and for non‐intentional omissions. Appreciating this helps show that familiar principles of responsibility are false: those which delimit responsibility to intentional actions or to actions and outcomes under our control. In the attempt to fashion an alternative principle, cases of negligence prove pivotal. We hold ourselves and others responsible2 for conduct within our respective ‘domains of secure competence’, (i.e. that within which we are confident of doing what we set ourselves to do, barring events which defeat our competence), even when actions within that domain fail. The significance of this practice of holding ourselves and others responsible2 lies in the way it maintains our sense of who we are and of how we are related to the world in which we act.1
MORAL SCEPTICISM AND AGENCY: KANT AND KORSGAARD
Authors: Stern Robert 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOne argument put forward by Christine Korsgaard in favour of her constructivist appeal to the nature of agency, is that it does better than moral realism in answering moral scepticism. However, realists have replied by pressing on her the worry raised by H. A. Prichard, that any attempt to answer the moral sceptic only succeeds in basing moral actions in non‐moral ends, and so is self‐defeating. I spell out these issues in more detail, and suggest that both sides can learn something by seeing how the sceptical problematic arises in Kant. Doing so, I argue, shows how Korsgaard might raise the issue of scepticism against the realist whilst avoiding the Prichardian response.1