bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Addition of Calcium Hydroxide Powder on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of the Sealer MTA Fillapex
Authors: de Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi , de Toledo Leonardo Renato , de Campos Edson Alves , Kuga Milton Carlos , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro , Keine Katia Cristina , Guiotti Flávia Angélica 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study evaluated the flow, pH and calcium release of MTA Fillapex (G1) or Fillapex plus 10% in weight of calcium hydroxide powder (G2), compared to AH Plus (G3) and Sealapex (G4).Materials and methodsThe flow test was performed according to ISO 6876:2001 requirements. The sealers were placed into plastic tubes and immersed in deionized water. After 24 hours, 7, 14 and 28 days, the water of each tube was removed and tested to evaluate the pH values and the level of released calcium. Calcium release values were analyzed statistically by Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests and pH values analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 5%).ResultsG1 presented higher flow among all sealers. The addition of 10% calcium hydroxide into MTA Fillapex reduced the flow (p < 0.05) but, in a level, that is lower than the one recommended for ISO norms. G2 and G4 presented pH values and calcium release higher than G3 (p < 0.05) in all periods. G1 presented pH value higher than G3 (p < 0.05), except in 7 days period (p > 0.05). G4 presented higher pH values than G1 and G2, but the calcium release was similar for all periods (p > 0.05). G3 presented lower calcium release among all groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe addition of 10% calcium hydroxide in MTA Fillapex caused reduction in flow and no negative interference in pH and/or calcium release. However, the obtained flow is different from ISO requirements.Clinical relevanceMTA Fillapex presents levels of flow above the ISO norms. The addition of calcium hydroxide is a suggestion for solving this problem, but the impact of these procedures should be carefully evaluated.How to cite this articleKeine KC, Guiotti FA, Leonardo RT, Kuga MC, Duarte MAH, de Campos EA, de Andrade MF. Influence of the Addition of Calcium Hydroxide Powder on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of the Sealer MTA Fillapex. World J Dent 2012;3(2):180-183.
Toothbrush Abrasion of Resin Composites with Different Filler Concepts
Authors: Kyoizumi Hideaki , Kanehira Masafumi , Finger Werner J , Araki Yasuyuki , Suzuki Toshimitsu 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To investigate the effect of tooth brushing wear with and without calcium carbonate slurry on four commercial resin composites based on different filler concepts.

Materials and methods
One nanofiller composite MI FIL (MFI, GC), one conventional hybrid type Venus (VEN) and two nanohybrid composites Venus Diamond (VED) and Venus Pearl (VEP) all from Heraeus Kulzer were examined. Forty beam-shaped specimens (12 × 3 × 3 mm) from each product were prepared and subdivided in two equal groups for pregrinding on SiC paper #600 and #4000 respectively. Ten specimens of each pre-ground group were subjected to toothbrush abrasion with calcium carbonate slurry, and 10 to toothbrushing with water only. The samples were submitted to five subsequent runs of 10,000 brushing strokes. Depth of wear and surface roughness (Ra) were measured with a profilometer after each 10 k strokes. Specimens after 50 k strokes were assessed by SEM. Additionally, the KHN (0.25 N/15 s) and the degree of conversion (DC) were determined. Data analysis was done by linear regression and ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test (p ≤ 0.05).

Results
Toothbrushing with abrasive slurry produced significantly different wear depths: VEN > MIF > VEP > VED. Linear relationships between depth of wear and number of cycles (r2 ≥ 0.94) were established for each material. Pregrinding with SiC #4000 resulted in less wear than pregrinding with #600. Ra figures were much higher for VED than for the other materials tested. MIF and VEN were uniformly abraded, whereas the largest glass fillers in VED protruded from the surroundings and the prepolymer particles in VEP were deeper abraded than the bulk of the material. Toothbrushing with water only revealed not measurable wear. Roughness Ra was practically unchanged when compared with the preground samples before challenging with toothbrushes. Ranking by KHN was: MIF < VEN, VEP < VED, by DC: MIF < VEN < VEP < VED.

Conclusion
Filler concepts and monomer compositions affect wear and roughness of resin composites when tooth brushed with abrasive slurry. Toothbrushing without abrasive medium produced neither wear nor roughness. Careful polishing of resin composite restorations is an important determinant of wear and surface roughness.

How to cite this article
Suzuki T, Kyoizumi H, Araki Y, Finger WJ, Kanehira M. Toothbrush Abrasion of Resin Composites with Different Filler Concepts. World J Dent 2012;3(2):184-193.
Smile Designing with Ceramic Veneers and Crowns
Authors: Abhilash PR , Divyashree R 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTCeramic veneers and all-ceramic crowns can be offered as the treatment option in a wide variety of cases, such as correcting tooth defects, abrasion, malalignment, diastema, tooth discoloration, coronal fracture or to adjust occlusion. Minor changes of shape, shade and position of teeth with ceramic veneers can dramatically alter the appearance of our patients. This paper describes the esthetic rehabilitation and smile designing of three patients presenting with different problems with ceramic veneers and crowns.How to cite this articleDivyashree R, Abhilash PR. Smile Designing with Ceramic Veneers and Crowns. World J Dent 2012;3(2):194-198.
Immunofluorescence in Oral Pathology—Part III: Pathology and Immunofluorescent Patterns in Intraepithelial Immunobullous Disorders
Authors: Premalatha BR , Juneja Saurabh , Rao Roopa S , Mysorekar Vijaya 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
Dermatologic disorders frequently parallel with oral involvement which dental practitioners should be familiar with. In continuation with part II, the immunofluorescence patterns in the intraepidermal pemphigus group and its variants: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) are dealt in this section. Also, a brief note is added on other mucocutaneous disorders showing similar immunofluorescence patterns. The above listed immunobullous disorders are reviewed in detail with a summary of pathogenesis and characteristic histopathological findings. This review is to facilitate the clinicopathologist in the early diagnosis and subsequent treatment of these debilitating conditions.

How to cite this article
Rao RS, Premalatha BR, Mysorekar V, Juneja S. Immunofluorescence in Oral Pathology-Part III: Pathology and Immunofluorescent Patterns in Intraepithelial Immunobullous Disorders. World J Dent 2012;3(2):202-206.
Tooth-implant Connection: A Literature Review
Authors: Ghodsi Safoura , Rasaeipour Sasan 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the available information concerning the connection between the tooth and implant in a fixed partial denture.BackgroundAlthough implant-supported prosthesis (ISP) has substantial biological and biomechanical advantages, due to the extensive use of implant in partially edentulous patients, encounter to cases of obligatory connection between the tooth and implant is not rare. However, because of their differences, especially in support mechanism, long-term prognosis of this treatment method is a special debate in dental literature.Materials and methodsThe literature published over the past 25 years was searched through PubMed, Medline, Google and indexed journals (search terms: tooth implant connection, tooth implant-supported fixed partial denture, tooth implant splinting, implant and tooth). The most valuable and relevant articles were selected and analyzed.Results and discussionThe existing studies reveal that there are certain conditions in which this method is applicable. The main advantage of the method based on literature reviewed is reducing the need to the removable prosthesis in patients that otherwise require it. The disadvantages of this connection, mainly due to different movement range of components under loading, reportedly will be minimized if some guidelines are followed.Clinical significanceAccording to available studies, this literature review supports tooth-implant connection technique where indicated, with complete attention to prudent guidelines. Further researches preferably concentrating on new methods and also long-term longitudinal studies are certainly needed before this approach can be widely used.How to cite this articleGhodsi S, Rasaeipour S. Tooth-implant Connection: A Literature Review. World J Dent 2012;3(2):213-219.
Improving the mechanical properties of clay/polymer aerogels by a simple dip‐coating procedure
Authors: Johnson J. R. , Schiraldi D. A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractClay aerogels have many advantages as one of the lowest density family of materials current technology can provide; they possess very low thermal conductivities, high porosities, and high surface areas. Although the mechanical properties of native clay aerogels are rather low, incorporating water‐dispersible polymers into the clay gel before they are processed into aerogel forms can easily produce more robust, low‐density composites. Various processing modifications and additives can be employed to strengthen the aerogel material, but currently, the materials have some notable weaknesses in abrasion resistance, water absorption, and flexural properties. In this study, we employed a low‐cost rubber coating material to quickly and efficiently address all three of these problems. After coating, the aerogels gained significant mechanical reinforcement, a 20‐fold increase in flexural modulus and a 15‐fold increase in yield stress, while exhibiting an increase of only 8% in the thermal conductivity. Improvements such as these can improve the commercial applicability of clay/polymer aerogels as thermal insulation materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Active learning: A small group histology laboratory exercise in a whole class setting utilizing virtual slides and peer education
Authors: Bloodgood Robert A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHistology laboratory instruction is moving away from the sole use of the traditional combination of light microscopes and glass slides in favor of virtual microscopy and virtual slides. At the same time, medical curricula are changing so as to reduce scheduled time for basic science instruction as well as focusing on student‐centered learning approaches such as small group active learning and peer‐instruction. It is important that medical schools resist the temptation to respond to this conjunction of events by turning histology into a self‐study activity. This article describes a lymphoid histology laboratory exercise, occurring in a specially equipped Learning Studio housing an entire medical class that utilizes virtual slides in the context of small group active learning and peer instruction. Anat Sci Educ © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
Biomarkers of the one‐carbon pathway in association with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Beurskens Leonardus W.J.E. , de Jonge Robert , Schoonderwaldt Ernst M. , Tibboel Dick , Steegers‐Theunissen Régine P.M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHomocysteine is an intermediate of the one‐carbon (1‐C) pathway and increased concentrations have been related to neural crest‐related congenital anomalies. The neural crest and the 1‐C pathway might be involved also in the etiology of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH). In 22 CDH and 28 control newborns and their mothers, general characteristics were obtained by standardized questionnaires. The 1‐C pathway intermediates total homocysteine (tHcy), S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM), and S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) were determined in cord blood. Correlations between maternal and newborn factors and risk estimates were investigated by univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Birth weight (2962 vs. 3418 gram; p < 0.001) was lower and gestational age (270 vs. 277 days; p = 0.006) was shorter in case children. Control mothers were slightly older (32 vs. 35 year; p = 0.05). Other characteristics were comparable between case and control children and mothers. The concentrations of homocysteine, SAM and SAH, and the SAM/SAH ratio were comparable (tHcy: 8.57 vs. 8.56 μmol/l, p = 0.99; SAM: 152.7 vs. 157.3 nmol/l, p = 0.76; SAH: 43.5 vs. 48.9, p = 0.26; ratio: 3.8 vs. 3.5, p = 0.50). Maternal and newborn characteristics were not correlated to the biomarker concentrations. In conclusion, the biomarkers of methylation determined in cord blood are not associated with CDH risk. Maternal and child characteristics could not predict newborn biomarker concentrations of the 1‐C pathway. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sweet entanglements—protein: Glycan interactions in two HIV‐inactivating lectin families
Authors: Koharudin Leonardus M. I. , Gronenborn Angela M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractStructures and sugar binding by members of two lectin families, Cyanovirin‐N homolog (CVNH) and Oscillatoria Agardhii agglutinin homolog (OAAH), were determined to elucidate the basis for recognition of high‐mannose glycans on the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120. We solved NMR solution and/or crystal structures for several lectins and delineated their carbohydrate specificity by array screening and direct NMR titrations. Both families recognize different epitopes on high‐mannose glycans, namely, Manα(1‐2)Man units at the end of the D1 and D3 arms and α3,α6‐mannopentaose at the central branch point of Man‐8 or Man‐9 for CVNH and OAAH lectins, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 196–202, 2013.
Glycine betaine: A widely reported osmolyte induces differential and selective conformational stability and enhances aggregation in some proteins in the presence of surfactants
Authors: Misra Pinaki P. , Kishore Nand 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this study, we extensively report the effect of glycine betaine during the refolding of partially folded bovine α‐lactalbumin (α‐LA) in presence of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB), and Ribonuclease A (RNAse A) in presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) by different complementary biophysical, light scattering, and microscopic techniques. Though a substantial refolding/compaction was observed in both the studied proteins, the fluorescence studies contradicted the finding obtained from circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) in case of α‐LA. CD stopped flow showed extensive presence of intermediates during the refolding of proteins which could potentially lead to aggregation. The aggregates as observed in dynamic light scattering (DLS), in α‐LA were massive as compared to RNAse A and was directly proportional to betaine concentration. The zeta potential confirmed that the aggregates are a direct manifestation of strong aggregating and/or immense preferential excluding tendency of GB and not because of charge neutralization; however a possible role of conformational change as observed in FTIR spectroscopy cannot be completely ruled out. In contrary though RNAse A showed a substantial refolding, the final state of the folded protein was significantly different from the native state. These findings for α‐LA and RNAse A were further supported by electron microscopic and thermodynamic studies. We thus propose that betaine has a strong macromolecular excluding tendency, primarily directed to shield the hydrophobic exposure either by refolding or aggregation, and depending on the hydrophobicity of the proteins, the functional restoration of the protein is manifested. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97:933–949, 2012.
Unexpected high pressure effects on the structural properties of condensed whey protein systems
Authors: Dissanayake Muditha , Kasapis Stefan , Chaudhary Vinita , Adhikari Benu , Palmer Martin , Meurer Barbara 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe show that application of high hydrostatic pressure (600 MPa for 15 min) on condensed whey protein (WP) systems (e.g., 80% w/w solids content) results in unexpected structure–function behavior when compared with conventional thermal treatment. Unraveling the relaxation properties in first‐order thermodynamic transitions, the manifestation of glass transition phenomena and the preservation of native conformation in condensed preparations were recorded using small‐deformation dynamic oscillation in shear, modulated differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared spectroscopy. Informed temperature application results in the formation of continuous networks at the denaturation temperature, which undergo vitrification at subzero temperatures. In contrast, high‐pressure‐treated WPs resist physicochemical denaturation, hence preserving the native conformation of secondary and tertiary structures. This was rationalized on the basis of a critical concentration threshold where transfer of water molecules to nonpolar residues in the protein interior is minimized because of low moisture content and restricted molecular mobility. The physical state and morphology of these high‐solid preparations were further examined by the combined framework of reduced variables and Williams, Landel, and Ferry equation/free volume theory. Theoretical treatment of experimental observations unveils the dynamic range of the mechanical manifestation of the glass transition region in samples subjected to heat or pressure. In addition to preserving native conformation, WPs subjected to high pressure form glassy systems at parity with the structural functionality of the thermally treated counterparts. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97:963–973, 2012.
Prevalence of accessory pudendal artery
Authors: Allan R. , García N.A. , Montenegro J.M. , Álvarez‐Alberó J.N.M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the frequency of an accessory pudendal artery in 15 adult cadavers fixed with formaldehyde solution. The prevalence of accessory pudendal artery varies between 7 and 75% according to the method of identification (imaging studies, microstereoscopic cadaveric dissection, and open and laparoscopic surgeries). Currently, under discussion is the role of this artery in postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction. Accordingly, it is important to know the true prevalence to appreciate its clinical significance. The internal pudendal system was examined through direct dissection, and findings were compared with the different methods of identification published. Clin. Anat. 25:983–985, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How to Control the Selectivity of Palladium‐based Catalysts in Hydrogenation Reactions: The Role of Subsurface Chemistry
Authors: Armbrüster Marc , Behrens Malte , Cinquini Fabrizio , Föttinger Karin , Grin Yuri , Haghofer Andreas , Klötzer Bernhard , Knop‐Gericke Axel , Lorenz Harald , Ota Antje , Penner Simon , Prinz Jan , Rameshan Christoph , Révay Zsolt , Rosenthal Dirk , Rupprechter Günther , Sautet Philippe , Schlögl Robert , Shao Lidong , Szentmiklósi László , Teschner Detre , Torres Daniel , Wagner Ronald , Widmer Roland , Wowsnick Gregor 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDiscussed are the recent experimental and theoretical results on palladium‐based catalysts for selective hydrogenation of alkynes obtained by a number of collaborating groups in a joint multi‐method and multi‐material approach. The critical modification of catalytically active Pd surfaces by incorporation of foreign species X into the sub‐surface of Pd metal was observed by in situ spectroscopy for X=H, C under hydrogenation conditions. Under certain conditions (low H2 partial pressure) alkyne fragmentation leads to formation of a PdC surface phase in the reactant gas feed. The insertion of C as a modifier species in the sub‐surface increases considerably the selectivity of alkyne semi‐hydrogenation over Pd‐based catalysts through the decoupling of bulk hydrogen from the outmost active surface layer. DFT calculations confirm that PdC hinders the diffusion of hydridic hydrogen. Its formation is dependent on the chemical potential of carbon (reactant partial pressure) and is suppressed when the hydrogen/alkyne pressure ratio is high, which leads to rather unselective hydrogenation over in situ formed bulk PdH. The beneficial effect of the modifier species X on the selectivity, however, is also present in intermetallic compounds with X=Ga. As a great advantage, such PdxGay catalysts show extended stability under in situ conditions. Metallurgical, clean samples were used to determine the intrinsic catalytic properties of PdGa and Pd3Ga7. For high performance catalysts, supported nanostructured intermetallic compounds are more preferable and partial reduction of Ga2O3, upon heating of Pd/Ga2O3 in hydrogen, was shown to lead to formation of PdGa intermetallic compounds at moderate temperatures. In this way, Pd5Ga2 and Pd2Ga are accessible in the form of supported nanoparticles, in thin film models, and realistic powder samples, respectively.
Label‐Free, Non‐Derivatization CRET Detection Platform for 6‐Mercaptopurine Based on the Distance‐Dependent Optical Properties of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Du Jianxiu , Wang Yadi , Zhang Weimin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA label‐free, non‐derivatization chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) detection platform has been developed for the detection of the non‐fluorescent small molecule 6‐mercaptopurine. This CRET process arose from a chemiluminescent (CL) donor–acceptor system in which the reaction of bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)oxalate (TCPO)–H2O2–fluorescein (maximum emission at 521.6 nm) served as the donor and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, maximum absorption at 520.0 nm) served as the acceptor. This process caused a significant decrease in the CL signal of the TCPO–H2O2–fluorescein reaction. The presence of 6‐mercaptopurine induced an aggregation of AuNPs with the assistance of Cu2+ ions through cooperative metal–ligand interactions that was accompanied by a distinct change in color and optical properties. The maximum absorption band of the AuNPs was red‐shifted to 721.0 nm and no longer overlapped with the CL spectrum of the reaction; as a result, the CL signal was restored. This CRET system exhibited a wide linear range, from 9.0 nmol L−1 to 18.0 μmol L−1, and a low detection limit (0.62 nmol L−1) for 6‐mercaptopurine. The applicability of the proposed CRET system was evaluated by analysis of 6‐mercaptopurine in spiked human plasma samples.