bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sequence, structure and evolutionary features of HOTAIR in mammals
Authors: He Sha , Liu Shiping , Zhu Hao 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
An increasing number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified recently. Different from all the others that function in cis to regulate local gene expression, the newly identified HOTAIR is located between HoxC11 and HoxC12 in the human genome and regulates HoxD expression in multiple tissues. Like the well-characterised lncRNA Xist, HOTAIR binds to polycomb proteins to methylate histones at multiple HoxD loci, but unlike Xist, many details of its structure and function, as well as the trans regulation, remain unclear. Moreover, HOTAIR is involved in the aberrant regulation of gene expression in cancer.

Results
To identify conserved domains in HOTAIR and study the phylogenetic distribution of this lncRNA, we searched the genomes of 10 mammalian and 3 non-mammalian vertebrates for matches to its 6 exons and the two conserved domains within the 1800 bp exon6 using Infernal. There was just one high-scoring hit for each mammal, but many low-scoring hits were found in both mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates. These hits and their flanking genes in four placental mammals and platypus were examined to determine whether HOTAIR contained elements shared by other lncRNAs. Several of the hits were within unknown transcripts or ncRNAs, many were within introns of, or antisense to, protein-coding genes, and conservation of the flanking genes was observed only between human and chimpanzee. Phylogenetic analysis revealed discrete evolutionary dynamics for orthologous sequences of HOTAIR exons. Exon1 at the 5' end and a domain in exon6 near the 3' end, which contain domains that bind to multiple proteins, have evolved faster in primates than in other mammals. Structures were predicted for exon1, two domains of exon6 and the full HOTAIR sequence. The sequence and structure of two fragments, in exon1 and the domain B of exon6 respectively, were identified to robustly occur in predicted structures of exon1, domain B of exon6 and the full HOTAIR in mammals.

Conclusions
HOTAIR exists in mammals, has poorly conserved sequences and considerably conserved structures, and has evolved faster than nearby HoxC genes. Exons of HOTAIR show distinct evolutionary features, and a 239 bp domain in the 1804 bp exon6 is especially conserved. These features, together with the absence of some exons and sequences in mouse, rat and kangaroo, suggest ab initio generation of HOTAIR in marsupials. Structure prediction identifies two fragments in the 5' end exon1 and the 3' end domain B of exon6, with sequence and structure invariably occurring in various predicted structures of exon1, the domain B of exon6 and the full HOTAIR.
Isolation, identification and complete genome sequence analysis of a strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1 from pigs in southwest of China
Authors: Yang Xin , Zhou Ying-shun , Wang Hong-ning , Zhang Yi , Wei Kun , Wang Ting 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Backgroud
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype Asia1 generally infects cattle and sheep, while its infection of pigs is rarely reported. In 2005-2007, FMD outbreaks caused by Asia1 type occurred in many regions of China, as well as some parts of East Asia countries. During the outbreaks, there was not any report that pigs were found to be clinically infected.

Results
In this study, a strain of FMDV that isolated from pigs was identified as serotype Asia1, and designated as "Asia1/WHN/CHA/06". To investigate the genomic feature of the strain, complete genome of Asia1/WHN/CHA/06 was sequenced and compared with sequences of other FMDVs by phylogenetic and recombination analysis. The complete genome of Asia1/WHN/CHA/06 was 8161 nucleotides (nt) in length, and was closer to JS/CHA/05 than to all other strains. Potential recombination events associated with Asia1/WHN/CHA/06 were found between JS/CHA/05 and HNK/CHA/05 strains with partial 3B and 3C fragments.

Conclusion
This is the first report of the isolation and identification of a strain of FMDV type Asia1 from naturally infected pigs. The Asia1/WHN/CHA/06 strain may evolve from the recombination of JS/CHA/05 and HNK/CHA/05 strains.
Reproductive Hormone Levels and Anthropometry in Postmenopausal Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A 21-Year Follow-Up Study of Women Diagnosed with PCOS around 50 Years Ago and Their Age-Matched Controls
Authors: Schmidt Johanna , Brännström Mats , Landin-Wilhelmsen Kerstin , Dahlgren Eva 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Context:
The hormonal and anthropometric profile of premenopausal women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is well described, but there is a lack of data concerning changes in these variables into the postmenopausal period.

Objective:
Our objective was to examine whether PCOS women differ from normal women regarding levels of reproductive hormones, anthropometry, and presence of hirsutism/climacteric symptoms also after menopause.

Design and Setting:
In this prospective study, women with PCOS (61–79 yr) and age-matched controls, examined in 1987, were reinvestigated at a university hospital.

Participants:
Twenty-five PCOS patients (Rotterdam criteria) and 68 controls (randomly allocated from the Gothenburg WHO MONICA study) participated.

Interventions:
Reexamination and hormonal measurements were done 21 yr after previous visit.

Main Outcome Measures:
FSH, LH, TSH, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, prolactin, estrone, estradiol, SHBG, androstenedione, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, free androgen index, and anthropometry were determined. Presence of climacteric symptoms, hirsutism, and menopausal age were recorded.

Results:
PCOS women had higher free androgen index (P = 0.001) but lower FSH (P &lt; 0.001) and SHBG (P &lt; 0.01) than controls. Menopausal age, body weight, body mass index, waist to hip ratio, LH, prolactin, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, total testosterone, estradiol, and estrone were similar in PCOS and controls. Women with PCOS reported hirsutism more frequently (P &lt; 0.001) but had fewer climacteric symptoms (P &lt; 0.05) and hypothyroidism than controls (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions:
PCOS women differ from controls with regard to levels of certain reproductive hormones also after menopause, but the established premenopausal increase in waist to hip ratio in PCOS patients disappeared after menopause, mainly due to weight gain among controls. A novel finding was the lower prevalence of hypothyroidism in PCOS women.
An animal experiment about early pulmonary candidiasis in immunosuppressive rabbits: thin-section CT images dynamically observed and proved by histopathological results
Authors: Xie Li-xuan , Liu Shi-yuan , Chen You-san , Liu Kai , Xue Feng 
Published: April 2011

Background Early detection and treatment of pulmonary fungal infection in immunocompromised patients has a profound impact on mortality. However, information available about the thin-section computed tomography (CT) findings of Candida pneumonia has largely been limited to isolated cases seen in reviews of various infections and to other acute lung diseases seen in immunocompromised patients. Purpose To dynamically observe and evaluate CT findings in immunosuppressed animals with histopathologically confirmed pulmonary candidiasis at the acute stage. Material and Methods Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into an experimental group ( n = 21) and a control group ( n = 3). Pulmonary candidiasis was established by C. albicans inoculation via a transtracheal route in immunosuppressed rabbits in the experimental group, and an equivalent amount of normal saline was injected via the same way in the control group. Chest CT scan was performed before and on alternative days after inoculation/injection. Microbiological and pathological results were obtained by autopsy. Results In the experiment group, pulmonary candidiasis was successfully established in 13 rabbits as confirmed by microbiology and pathology. Areas of air-space consolidation were present in 10 (10/13) rabbits, with lobular distribution in six and lobar or segmental distribution in four, pathologically presenting as bronchopneumonia or hemorrhagic lung infarcts. Areas of ground-glass opacity (GGO) were identified in five (5/13) rabbits, three of which were associated with other abnormalities, presenting as bronchopneumonia or interstitial pneumonitis. Multiple nodules were seen in three (3/13) rabbits. They were clustered around bronchovascular bundles in two rabbits, and subpleural in the remaining one, pathologically presenting as hemorrhagic granulomas. Other less common CT findings included thickening of bronchovascular bundles ( n = 3), linear opacity ( n = 1), and pneumothorax ( n = 1). No abnormality was detected by CT scan and pathological examination in the three rabbits of the control group. Conclusion Peripheral multiple areas of lobular consolidation and/or GGO representing bronchopneumonia were the most common thin-section CT findings of pulmonary candidiasis at the early stage.
Epidemiology and outcome of fracture of the hip in women aged 65 years and under
Authors: Karantana A. , Boulton C. , Bouliotis G. , Shu K. Shan Shan , Scammell B. E. , Moran C. G. 
Published: April 2011

We examined prospectively collected data from 6782 consecutive hip fractures and identified 327 fractures in 315 women aged ≤65 years. We report on their demographic characteristics, treatment and outcome and compare them with a cohort of 4810 hip fractures in 4542 women aged > 65 years.The first significant increase in age-related incidence of hip fracture was at 45, rather than 50, which is when screening by the osteoporosis service starts in most health areas. Hip fractures in younger women are sustained by a population at risk as a result of underlying disease. Mortality of younger women with hip fracture was 46 times the background mortality of the female population. Smoking had a strong influence on the relative risk of ‘early’ (≤ 65 years of age) fracture.Lag screw fixation was the most common method of operative treatment. General complication rates were low, as were re-operation rates for cemented prostheses. Kaplan-Meier implant survivorship of displaced intracapsular fractures treated by reduction and lag screw fixation was 71% (95% confidence interval 56 to 81) at five years. The best form of treatment remains controversial.
An examination of the association between different morphotypes of femoroacetabular impingement in asymptomatic subjects and the development of osteoarthritis of the hip
Authors: Hartofilakidis G. , Bardakos N. V. , Babis G. C. , Georgiades G. 
Published: April 2011

We retrospectively examined the long-term outcome of 96 asymptomatic hips in 96 patients with a mean age of 49.3 years (16 to 65) who had radiological evidence of femoroacetabular impingement. When surveillance commenced there were 17, 34, and 45 hips with cam, pincer, and mixed impingement, respectively. Overall, 79 hips (82.3%) remained free of osteoarthritis for a mean of 18.5 years (10 to 40). In contrast, 17 hips (17.7%) developed osteoarthritis at a mean of 12 years (2 to 28). No statistically significant difference was found in the rates of development of osteoarthritis among the three groups (p = 0.43). Regression analysis showed that only the presence of idiopathic osteoarthritis of the contralateral diseased hip was predictive of development of osteoarthritis on the asymptomatic side (p = 0.039).We conclude that a substantial proportion of hips with femoroacetabular impingement may not develop osteoarthritis in the long-term. Accordingly, in the absence of symptoms, prophylactic surgical treatment is not warranted.
What are the reliable radiological indicators of lumbar segmental instability?
Authors: Hasegawa K. , Shimoda H. , Kitahara K. , Sasaki K. , Homma T. 
Published: April 2011

We examined the reliability of radiological findings in predicting segmental instability in 112 patients (56 men, 56 women) with a mean age of 66.5 years (27 to 84) who had degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. They underwent intra-operative biomechanical evaluation using a new measurement system. Biomechanical instability was defined as a segment with a neutral zone > 2 mm/N. Risk factor analysis to predict instability was performed on radiographs (range of segmental movement, disc height), MRI (Thompson grade, Modic type), and on the axial CT appearance of the facet (type, opening, vacuum and the presence of osteophytes, subchondral erosion, cysts and sclerosis) using multivariate logistic regression analysis with a forward stepwise procedure. The facet type was classified as sagittally orientated, coronally orientated, anisotropic or wrapped. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed that facet opening was the strongest predictor for instability (odds ratio 5.022, p = 0.009) followed by spondylolisthesis, MRI grade and subchondral sclerosis. Forward stepwise multivariate logistic regression indicated that spondylolisthesis, MRI grade, facet opening and subchondral sclerosis of the facet were risk factors. Symptoms evaluated by the Short-Form 36 and visual analogue scale showed that patients with an unstable segment were in significantly more pain than those without. Furthermore, the surgical procedures determined using the intra-operative measurement system were effective, suggesting that segmental instability influences the symptoms of lumbar degenerative disease.
Dynamic hip screw versus DHS blade
Authors: O’Neill F. , Condon F. , McGloughlin T. , Lenehan B. , Coffey J. C. , Walsh M. 
Published: April 2011

We biomechanically investigated whether the standard dynamic hip screw (DHS) or the DHS blade achieves better fixation in bone with regard to resistance to pushout, pullout and torsional stability. The experiments were undertaken in an artificial bone substrate in the form of polyurethane foam blocks with predefined mechanical properties. Pushout tests were also repeated in cadaveric femoral heads. The results showed that the DHS blade outperformed the DHS with regard to the two most important characteristics of implant fixation, namely resistance to pushout and rotational stability. We concluded that the DHS blade was the superior implant in this study.
Combined treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia, including recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2
Authors: Spiro A. S. , Babin K. , Lipovac S. , Stenger P. , Mladenov K. , Rupprecht M. , Rueger J. M. , Stuecker R. 
Published: April 2011

The use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) for the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia has been investigated in only one previous study, with promising results. The aim of this study was to determine whether rhBMP-2 might improve the outcome of this disorder. We reviewed the medical records of five patients with a mean age of 7.4 years (2.3 to 21) with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia who had been treated with rhBMP-2 and intramedullary rodding. Ilizarov external fixation was also used in four of these patients. Radiological union of the pseudarthrosis was evident in all of them at a mean of 3.5 months (3.2 to 4) post-operatively. The Ilizarov device was removed after a mean of 4.2 months (3.0 to 5.3). These results indicate that treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia using rhBMP-2 in combination with intramedullary stabilisation and Ilizarov external fixation may improve the initial rate of union and reduce the time to union. Further studies with more patients and longer follow-up are necessary to determine whether this surgial procedure may significantly enhance the outcome of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia, considering the refracture rate (two of five patients) in this small case series.
Total hip replacement with a short metaphyseal-fitting anatomical cementless femoral component in patients aged 70 years or older
Authors: Kim Y.-H. , Kim J.-S. , Park J.-W. , Joo J.-H. 
Published: April 2011

We reviewed the results of 84 total hip replacements performed with a short metaphyseal-fitting anatomical cementless femoral component in 84 unselected consecutive patients with a mean age of 78.9 years (70 to 88). The mean follow-up was 4.6 years (4 to 5). The mean pre-operative Harris hip score was 26 points (0 to 56), which improved to 89 (61 to 100) at the final follow-up. No patient had thigh pain. The mean pre-operative Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index score was 61 points (48 to 75), which improved to 21 (6 to 46). The mean University of California, Los Angeles activity score was 5.5 points (3 to 7) at the final follow-up. Osseointegration was seen in all femoral and acetabular components. All hips had grade 1 stress shielding of the proximal femur. No acetabular or femoral osteolysis was identified. These results demonstrate that a short metaphyseal-fitting femoral component achieves optimal fixation without diaphyseal anchorage in elderly patients.
Grazing Behavior and Diet Preference of Beef Steers Grazing Adjacent Monocultures of Tall Fescue and Alfalfa: I. Spatial Allocation
Authors: Boland Holly T. , Scaglia Guillermo , Notter David R. , Rook Andrew J. , Swecker William S. , Abaye Azenegashe O. , Fike John H. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTAdjacent forage monocultures are a valuable tool to study the diet preference of grazing animals. Previous research has suggested that cattle will exhibit a partial preference for a legume over a grass regardless of forage species. The objective of this study was to determine if beef steers have a partial preference for alfalfa (Medicago sativaL. subsp.sativa) over tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb.). These forages have not been evaluated previously as adjacent monocultures. Behavior data recorders, global positioning system (GPS), and pedometers were used to evaluate grazing behavior and diet preference of beef steers grazing tall fescue monocultures or adjacent monocultures of tall fescue and alfalfa at proportions (by ground area) of 50:50, 25:75, and 75:25. Steers exhibited a partial preference for alfalfa, grazing it for 61 to 65% of the time regardless of the proportion offered. A diurnal pattern of preference was not observed. Steers grazing tall fescue monocultures spent more time ruminating (p= 0.02) and tended to graze less time (p= 0.06) than steers in adjacent monoculture treatments. Time spent idling, number of prehensions and mastications, and bite rate were similar (p> 0.05) among treatments. Steers grazing tall fescue monocultures spent less time standing, more time lying, were less active, and took fewer steps (p≤ 0.05) than steers in adjacent monoculture treatments. These results support the proposal that cattle have a partial preference for legumes over grasses.
Les « outsider communities » des métropoles
Authors: Devillé Aleidis 
Published: April 2011

Résumé Par définition, on ne retrouve aucune trace de « sans-papiers » dans les registres administratifs, et ils vivent pratiquement de manière invisible dans la société. Afin d’avoir une meilleure vue sur leur situation, nous avons mené une enquête en profondeur auprès de soixante-cinq personnes sans titre de séjour. Il est remarquable que les sans-papiers les mieux intégrés – et qui se sentent le plus à l’aise – ne sont pas les plus fortunés mais ceux avec le plus grand capital social. Ils se groupent en Belgique dans ce qu’on appelle des « outsider communities » : des communautés qui se replient fortement sur elles-mêmes, dans lesquelles on vit en grande solidarité avec les autres illégaux.
Une politique de baisse des subventions, favorisant la sélection des firmes, est-elle efficace?
Authors: Raies Asma 
Published: April 2011

Résumé Le but de cet article est de montrer que le mécanisme de sélection naturelle des firmes peut entraver la croissance de la productivité agrégée de l’économie, et ce, contrairement aux résultats suggérés par la littérature théorique existante. Cette dernière considère que le mécanisme de sélection des firmes se base sur les niveaux de productivité de celles-ci. Nous supposons, dans cet article, que les firmes sont hétérogènes par non seulement leurs niveaux de productivité mais aussi par leurs coûts fixes. En outre, en tenant compte d’une possible perte d’expérience pour les firmes inactives, notre étude met clairement en avant un effet négatif de la sortie des firmes, et par là d’une baisse des subventions accordées à celles-ci, sur la croissance de la productivité agrégée tant à court qu’à long terme. Classification JEL : L1, O3, O4.
L'ère des talents
Authors: Bourion Christian , Bournois Frank , Igalens Jacques , Thévenet Maurice 
Published: April 2011

Résumé Aux ères respectivement agraire et industrielle, l’homme s’est successivement appuyé sur la terre puis sur les manufactures : l’ère des compétences accompagne son quotidien organisationnel standard, ordinaire, stable et routinier qui peut être piloté par des procédures répétitives, patiemment acquises. À l’ère hyper moderne, l’acteur-trajectoire doit se frayer son propre chemin au sein de situations erratiques, de retournements de tendance, d’incidents critiques, de réductions des ressources. Les compétences ne possèdent plus une variété requise suffisante car la société du savoir génère une Infobésité 1 que le cerveau doit trier rigoureusement puis interpréter subtilement avant d’accéder au sens. Il agit par tâtonnement : c’est L’ère des talents . Seul l’engagement permet aux acteurs de tenir tête à la criticité et d’éviter les ruptures organisationnelles. Situés dans un entre deux 2 disciplinaire entre la psychosociologie franco européenne - que les Américains nomment Organizational Behaviour - et les sciences de gestion, ce dossier approfondit plusieurs de ces aspects.
Le bore-out-syndrom
Authors: Bourion Christian , Trébucq Stéphane 
Published: April 2011

Résumé Dès 1958, James G. MARCH et Herbert A. SIMON notaient qu’il n’existe aucune limite à la quantité d’inactivité que peuvent absorber les organisations. En 1995, Jeremy RIFKIN prédit La fin du travail . En 2007, Philippe ROTHLIN et Peter R. WERDER conceptualisent le Bore-out-syndrom . En 2008, STEPSTONE effectue une enquête européenne sur 11238 personnes venant de 7 pays européens ; le verdict est sans appel : 32 % des salariés européens occupent un emploi où ils n’ont rien à faire. Nos recherches sur les bases académiques montrent qu’il n’existe pas d’état de l’art sur le sujet. Nos discussions préliminaires avec le groupe test ont déterminé qu’il est possible de collecter des données au sein des Internet Relay Chat portant sur l’ennui au travail. Nous avons procédé à plusieurs interrogations successives en incrémentant les moteurs de recherche par famille de mots clés. Nous avons ensuite effectué un traitement du corpus avec le logiciel Alceste 4.9. Le résultat est acceptable puisque les axes expliquent au total 73 % des informations du corpus. L’analyse des verbatims triés par le logiciel, nous renseigne sur deux aspects du Bore-out-syndrom . Sa structure et ses émergences : les signaux émis par ceux qui s’ennuient au travail.
Plus léger que l'air ou le mythe de la famille sans efforts
Authors: Garnier Anne-Marie , Mosca Francesca 
Published: April 2011

Dans le mythe de la famille actuelle, les notions de temps, d’effort, de contrainte disparaissent peu à peu. Leur disparition laisse les parents démunis dans les situations qui les nécessitent. Pris par ailleurs dans des contraintes complexes – économiques, liées à des changements sociétaux... – rendant difficile l’exercice d’une parentalité classique, les parents sont souvent pointés comme inadéquats. Le développement récent des dispositifs d’aide à la parentalité vient comme un marqueur de ces contradictions. Nous présenterons la théorie du care qui nous parait un outil utile pour repenser nos représentations de la famille et nous aider à travailler avec des familles souvent très éloignées du modèle traditionnel.