bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of vitamin A on the proliferation of oral epithelium in the rat
Authors: Winning Tracey A. , Cameron John , Savage Neil W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study assessed the effect of topical and systemic 13‐cis‐retinoic acid on rat palatal epithelial proliferation with bromodeoxyuridine labelling and silver stained nucleolar organizer regions. Sixty male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to a control group or treatment groups of topical orabase, RA in orabase, 5 times/week or twice weekly systemic doses of 12 mg RA in coconut oil. The rats were treated for 1, 2, 4 or 8 weeks and killed 1 h post‐injection of 40 mg/kg BrdUrd. The palatal mucosae were processed, using immunoperoxidase staining or silver stain to visualize BrdUrd utilization or AgNORs, respectively. The number of BrdUrd positive nuclei/mm overlying epithelium and number and area of AgNORs in the basal cells were assessed using image analysis. ANOVA indicated there was no significant effect of treatment on LN/mm or the numbers or areas of AgNORs. The LN/mm for the 8 w group (29.5) was significantly lower than the other groups. RA did not influence rat palatal epithelial proliferation, but across all groups increased age was associated with decreased proliferation. It would appear that the proliferation of normal oral mucosa may not be subject to altered proliferation when treated with therapeutic doses of topical or systemic RA.
Parental knowledge and attitudes towards pit and fissure sealants
Authors: Mafeni Jerome O. , Messer Louise Brearley 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNo survey of public knowledge and attitudes towards pit and fissure sealants has been carried out in Australia. This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of parents of Melbourne school children attending five dental treatment centres, regarding sealants. Of 554 parents surveyed by questionnaire, 487 (88 per cent) provided codable responses which were analysed by the log‐likelihood ratio statistic and three‐way hierarchical log‐linear regression models. A total of 57.5 per cent respondents had heard of sealants; 46.4 per cent knew sealants prevent dental caries, and 45 per cent rated sealants important in caries prevention. Respondents attending private dentists or the Dental Therapy School were more knowledgeable about sealants than those attending other centres. Sealant awareness was related significantly to gender (p < 0.05), country of origin (p < 0.05), family income (p < 0.05), and frequency of dental visits of children (p < 0.001); the apparent association with country of origin, and annual family income, was explained by interactions between these variables and treatment centres. Dentists were the main source of dental health information including sealant awareness (p < 0.001). The most significant factors in sealant awareness were previous discussion of caries prevention by respondents with dentists; dentists as the main source of dental health information; and frequency of dental visits by the child(ren). These three factors confirm the importance of dentist‐patient interactions in disseminating oral health information.
Three‐year clinical evaluation of Tenure dentine bonding agent
Authors: Tyas Martin J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTwenty cervical abrasion lesions in five patients of mean age 58 years were restored with Tenure dentine bonding agent and Silux composite, without enamel etching.The cumulative loss rates of restorations were 5 per cent, 5 per cent, and 11 per cent after 1 year, 2 years and 3 years, respectively, and there was a slight increase of marginal staining. The results are in agreement with other authors.
Donovanosis of the oral cavity. Case report
Authors: Doddridge Miles , Muirhead Russell 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDonovanosis (Granuloma inguinale) is an infectious disease, the effects of which are usually confined to the genital region. Various extragenital manifestations of the disease have been described. This report describes a case where the condition represented in the oral cavity some time after the apparently successful treatment of the genital lesion. Members of both the medical and dental profession serving the northern parts of Australia and adjacent tropical regions should be aware of the possibility of encountering this disease. Delay in its diagnosis may result in extensive tissue destruction and a potentially fatal outcome. Intensive antibiotic therapy followed by long‐term follow‐up is usually curative.
The effect of dentine conditioning with polyacrylic acid on the clinical performance of glass ionomer cement — 3‐year results
Authors: Tyas Martin J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractForty cervical abrasion lesions were restored with a self‐cure Type 2A glass ionomer cement. Prior to placement of the restorations, 20 lesions were scrubbed for 15 seconds with 25 per cent polyacrylic acid and 20 lesions were cleaned with a pumice and water slurry on a rubber cup. After three years, there was negligible marginal staining, and one restoration from each group was partly lost. There was no evidence to suggest that polyacrylic acid was preferred to pumice and water in the restoration of cervical abrasion lesions with glass ionomer cement.
Screening for temporomandibular disorders in dental practice
Authors: Delcanho Robert 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA simple screening procedure to determine evidence of a temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in a patient is presented. The current view is that dentists are responsible for the recognition and management of these disorders. The dentist should therefore perform a TMD screening examination on every patient and document the patient's functional status. If this is not known then it is impossible to discuss with the patient the possible implications of proposed dental treatment which could potentially worsen a pre‐existing TMD. Unless functional status is documented and informed consent obtained from the patient prior to proceeding with dental treatment, the dentist may be held liable should TMD problems develop during or after the treatment.
The effect of endodontic access cavity preparation and subsequent restorative procedures on incisor crown retention
Authors: Yu Yunxi Christine , Abbott Paul Vincent 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEndodontic treatment often will require access through existing crowns. This study was undertaken to determine whether endodontic access cavity preparation affected the retention of crowns in anterior teeth and then to determine whether this retention can be regained by amalgam or post‐retained amalgam restorations. Twenty extracted human incisors were mounted in acrylic blocks and prepared for crowns. Metal copings were fabricated and cemented with zinc phosphate cement and the forces required to displace the copings after various procedures were measured with a tensile testing machine. Retention values for all stages were compared with the initial retentive value for each coping without an access cavity which was set at 100 per cent. Group one specimens had the following means: copings with access cavity, 85.64 ± 28.65 per cent of the initial values; amalgam flush with lingual dentine, 95.81 ± 36.2 per cent; amalgam flush with coping, 114.89 ± 34.5 per cent. Group two means were: copings with access cavity, 89.95 ± 21.42 per cent; posts and amalgam, 177.37 ± 77.5 percent. Statistical analysis with the two sample f test showed that retention with post‐retained amalgam restorations showed significantly higher values when compared with access cavities without restorations (p<0.05). Retention values for post‐retained restorations were significantly different from those just using amalgam. This study demonstrated that endodontic access cavities reduced the retention of the crowns, and subsequent restoration with amalgam or a post can regain the retention. Post‐retained restorations showed the highest retention when compared with the amalgam restorations, but the high standard deviation in the post group indicates that the amount of retention to be gained may be clinically unpredictable.
Australian Dental Research Fund Trebitsch Scholarship*: Immunohistological analysis of an in vivo Porphyromonas gingival is‐induced lesion in mice
Authors: Bowman J. J. D. , Gemmell E. , Bird P. S. , Seymour G. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAnimal models have been used to study the pathogenic ability of putative periodontopathic bacteria. Injection of mice with live Porphyromonas gingivalis extracts has been shown to induce primary lesions which develop at the site of injection within one day and secondary lesions which develop at a distant site some 3–5 days later. These lesions are primarily polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) infiltrates. Recently, extensive data have shown that PMN activity may in part be controlled by T cells. Hence the aim of this report was to use the mouse model to determine the presence of T cells and macrophages in primary lesions in order to describe a baseline to be used for comparison in future studies.
Multiple canals in a mandibular first premolar. Case report
Authors: Yang Zu‐Pyn 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIt has been recorded that the occurrence rate of more than one canal in the mandibular first premolar varies between different races. This report presents the diagnosis and treatment of a mandibular first premolar with multiple root canals in a young male Asian. It is noted that knowledge of canal morphology, careful interpretation of the radiograph, and tactile sense during treatment constitute the major factors in achieving success with endodontic therapy in cases of complex root canal morphology.
Dynamic measurement of the torque‐speed characteristics of dental high speed air turbine handpieces*
Authors: Brockhurst P. J. , Shams Roya 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe first requirement for adequate performance of an air turbine handpiece is sufficient power. Suppliers of such handpieces do not provide data on the power produced by their equipment. A method for determining the torque, speed and hence power during simulated operation is described. Forty‐one new and used handpieces were tested. Maximum speeds up to 500 000 rpm, maximum torques up to 2.33 N.mm and maximum power up to 29.6 watt were observed. The maximum power was produced at between 49 and 79 per cent of the free‐running speed. A relationship between maximum power and stall torque was noted. The maximum torque is at stall for ball‐bearing units. The stall torque can be easily determined by a simple stall torque test which is described. Using this test, the performance of handpieces can be easily checked in the clinic. The one air‐bearing handpiece tested performed in a manner similar to the others, except that stall occurred below 60 000 rpm.
Oral mucosal ulceration due to cytomegalovirus associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Case report and brief review
Authors: Firth Norman A. , Rich Alison M. , Reade Peter C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractReports of oral lesions associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients are uncommon1. In this article a case of CMV infection associated with oral mucosal ulceration and a brief review of the subject is presented. Establishing the cause of ulceration is important in determining a definitive diagnosis and prescribing appropriate therapy. It is important to recognize that CMV associated oral mucosal ulceration may be the initial manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Mechanical properties of some polymer materials used for tooth positioners
Authors: Collett Anthony R. , Cook Wayne D. , West Victor C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe chemical composition, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of three tooth positioner materials, Urethane P1 (P1), White Rubber (WR) and Elastocryl (EL) were investigated. Infra‐red spectrophotometry indicated the P1 polyurethane material to be of the polyether type, and EL to be a blend of poly(ethyl methacrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate) while WR appeared to be filled cis‐poly (isoprene) (natural rubber). The glass transition temperature (Tg) for EL was determined as approximately 10deg;C, and for both P1 and WR the Tg was less than ‐50deg;C. The stress relaxation behaviour was assessed in compression by measuring the stress variation with time. The results for all three materials conformed to the superelastic theory of rubber elasticity. EL exhibited both a more rapid rate and higher degree of stress relaxation than did P1 and WR. Recovery from deformation was assessed by compressing cylinders for given periods of time and then measuring the level of reduced residual strain of the material with time. All three materials exhibited significant residual strain (ɛ(t)) over ‘clinically relevant’ time periods, and the reduced residual strain (ɛ (t)/ ɛ (0)) following deformation was greater for EL than P1 or WR. There was some indication that the three materials have some permanent set following deformation. It was concluded that, in considering desirable mechanical properties of tooth positioner materials, EL is the least suitable of the three examined, with none of the materials being ideal.
Plane of occlusion — a new concept
Authors: Mamootil J. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA new concept of the plane of occlusion based on anatomical landmarks has been developed. The posterior end of the plane is set by the centres of the retromolar pads, and the anterior end of the plane is at the upper lip line. These three points establish the plane of occlusion. An articulator has been developed to use this concept, which has been found to be clinically satisfactory for the construction of complete dentures.
Service‐mix provided to patients in Australian private practice
Authors: Spencer A. J. , Szuster F. S. P. , Brennan D. S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractService‐mix can reflect changes in demographic factors, oral health, patient demand and treatment philosophies. The aim of this study was to compare service‐mix by patient age in 1988 with baseline data from 1983. A weighted, stratified random sample of dentists in Australia was surveyed by mailed questionnaire in 1983 and again in 1988. Service‐mix was dominated by restorative, diagnostic and preventive areas. Comparing 1988 with 1983, there were significant increases for diagnostic, preventive, advanced restorative, orthodontic and general areas. Patterns across patient age groups and between years indicated younger patients were being provided with increased preventive services (patients aged 5–11, 25–44 years) and decreased restorative services (patients aged 5–11, 12–17 years), while older patients were being provided with reduced prosthodontic services (patients aged 25–44, 45–64 years), but increased restorative services (patients aged 45–64, 65+ years) and advanced restorative services (patients aged 25–44, 45–64 years).These patterns of service‐mix have implications for dental education, research and service delivery.
Dental informatics for Australia
Authors: Hou Ann Y. S. C. , Barnard P. D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDentistry is undergoing significant changes with need for the dentist to manage a larger body of knowledge and information. There will be increasing reliance on electronic information systems in education, research, and dental practice. Dental informatics is concerned with computer and information science and technology and communications. Goals, that could be adopted for Australia, were proposed in the USA in 1989. Specific action steps that could meet those goals are proposed for Australia.
Growth and bone remodelling in a scorbutic rat model
Authors: Ellender G. , Gazelakis T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study used the scorbutic Osteogenic Disorder Shionogi rat model and a specific diet to reliably induce a state of sub‐scurvy scorbutus. Under these conditions overall somatic growth was assessed, as well as that of the caudal vertebrae, as an example of scorbutic bone growth. Tail loops were then used to mechanically stress mature caudal vertebrae under scorbutic conditions, and the vertebrae's adaptation to these applied forces was assessed, using measurements of bend deformation and histologic analysis of osteogenesis.Scorbutic animals exhibited significant somatic growth retardation (p<0.05), and abnormal reductions in osteogenesis and periosteal responsiveness to growth. Scorbutic vertebrae also showed greater bend angles of deformation (p<0.05), and a marked reduction in cortical osseous remodelling and periosteal differentiation. It appeared that the sub‐scurvy scorbutic bones were smaller, weaker and less able to adapt to physical stresses: this pattern was reflected at the histologic level.
The effect of steam sterilization on the properties of set dental gypsum models
Authors: Whyte M. P. , Brockhurst P. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the viability of autoclave sterilization of set dental gypsum models. The effects of autoclaving on the strength, surface hardness and dimensions of specimens of plaster, stone and diestone were investigated. In addition, sodium succinate was used to minimize any changes produced by autoclaving. It has been shown that dental gypsum casts can be successfully steam sterilized.The results showed that for fully‐dried gypsum products, autoclaving at 132°C for 5 minutes rendered the casts unacceptable for use. Autoclaving at 121°C for 16 minutes had less effect although casts were still not satisfactory, with the main problems being excessive expansion for plaster and significant strength and surface hardness loss for stone and diestone.The effect of three additional treatment procedures was examined and the least degradation was observed when the casts were soaked in 1 per cent sodium succinate solution and dried prior to autoclaving, then soaked in water immediately after. Using this procedure the averate change in properties for plaster, stone and diestone respectively were: loss of strength 36, 21 and 28 per cent, loss of surface hardness 34, 21 and 33 per cent, and linear expansion 0.05, 0.09 and 0.13 per cent. Further refinement may improve the procedure.
Recreating Political Order: The Somali Systems Today
Authors: Leonard David K. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryThe Somali pastoral system of production covers at least six political entities. Three of the formal ones are within the borders of the former Republic of Somalia and do not meet the full definition of states. Despite the warfare that has often engulfed the former Somalia, it is a mistake to think of the three political entities that occupy it as necessarily or wholly anarchic. Lineage institutions have survived from the colonial era and been resurrected to provide venues for negotiation, consensus‐building and the reduction of interpersonal violence, even if not the authoritative imposition of decisions upon groups of the unwilling. After 17 years of centrality to the continuity of Somali governance and the recreation of quasi‐state political authorities, however, these lineage institutions are showing signs of stress. As their great influence came to be recognised they were penetrated by patronage and used by warlords to prosecute sub‐clan warfare. They no longer are able to provide consensus representation even in the peaceful political systems of Somaliland and Puntland. Somalis therefore have experimented with new political institutions that could provide a greater basis for cross‐clan action and authoritative decision‐making – regional nationalism and democracy in Somaliland and Islamic sheria in all the territories but especially by the now‐deposed (but far from dead) Union of Islamic Courts. Indeed sheria now is a central, unifying ideology throughout the Somalis, even if there is conflict over its interpretation and the instrumentalities through which it will be enforced. Somali governmental processes thus are present, but weak in their ability to impose decisions and to project their authority into the rural areas. There are public goods that Somalis need which only states can provide. But the transformation of traditional order in the warlord conflicts of the last 17 years will make such states difficult to create.
Criterion-related validity of functional capacity evaluation lifting tests on future work disability risk and return to work in the construction industry
Authors: Gouttebarge V , Kuijer P P F M , Wind H , van Duivenbooden C , Sluiter J K , Frings-Dresen M H W 
Published: May 2009

Objectives:To assess the criterion-related validity of the five Ergo-Kit (EK) functional capacity evaluation (FCE) lifting tests in construction workers on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).Methods:Six weeks, 6 months and 1 year after the first sick leave day due to MSDs, construction workers underwent two isometric and three dynamic EK FCE lifting tests, and completed the Instrument for Disability Risk (IDR) for future work disability risk. Concurrent and predictive validity were assessed by the associations between the scores of the EK FCE lifting tests and the IDR outcomes (Pearson Correlation coefficients (r) and associated proportions of variance (PV) and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)). Predictive validity of the EK FCE lifting tests on the total number of days on sick leave until full durable return to work (RTW) was also evaluated (Cox regression analysis).Results:Concurrent validity with future work disability risk was poor for the two isometric EK FCE lifting tests (−0.15⩽r⩽0.04) and moderate for the three dynamic EK FCE lifting tests (−0.47⩽r⩽−0.31). Only the carrying lifting strength test showed moderate and acceptable predictive validity on future work disability risk (r = −0.39; AUC = 0.72). Cox regression analyses revealed that two out of the five EK FCE lifting tests predicted durable RTW significantly, but only weakly.Conclusions:Criterion-related validity with future work disability risk was poor for the two isometric EK lifting tests and moderate for the three dynamic lifting tests, especially the carrying lifting strength test. Predictive validity on durable RTW was poor, although weakly significant in two dynamic EK FCE tests, of which one was the carrying lifting strength test.
Freshwater and marine migration and survival of endangered Cultus Lake sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts using POST, a large-scale acoustic telemetry array
Authors: Welch David W. , Melnychuk Michael C. , Rechisky Erin R. , Porter Aswea D. , Jacobs Melinda C. , Ladouceur Adrian , McKinley R. Scott , Jackson George D. 
Published: May 2009

Freshwater and early marine migration and survival of endangered Cultus Lake sockeye ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) salmon were studied using the Pacific Ocean Shelf Tracking (POST) array. Smolts were acoustically tagged in 2004–2007, and their migration was recorded within the lower Fraser River and coastal southern British Columbia waters. Most smolts showed rapid directional movement (swimming speeds of ~15–30 km·day–1). Average exit time from the Fraser River was 4.0–5.6 days after release, and average residence time within the Strait of Georgia was 25.6–34.1 days. Most individuals migrated northward, generally close to the mainland coast. Survival rates, assessed using standard mark–recapture methods, were generally high during the downstream migration (50%–70%), except in 2005 when survival was <20%, possibly because of a late release. Marine survival rates were stable among years, between 10%–30% at a subarray sited 500 km away from the release site. Movement rates were similar to those of previously published work, but the POST array provided direct measurements of movement and estimates of survival and demonstrated the feasibility of establishing continental-scale acoustic arrays for management and conservation of marine species.