bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subliminal channels; past and present
Authors: Simmons Gustavus J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSubliminal channels were devised by Simmons in 1978 to demonstrate a fundamental flaw in a protocol the U.S. was considering using to allow the U.S.S.R. to verify U.S. compliance with the terms of the SALT II treaty. The examples given of such channels were more in the nature of existence proofs than feasible communication channels until 1984 when it was shown that most digital signature schemes could be caused to host subliminal communications hidden in the digital signatures. Almost all of these subliminal channels, however, had several shortcomings. In order for the subliminal receiver to be able to recover a subliminal message, it was apparently necessary for him to know the transmitter's (the signer's) secret key. This meant that the subliminal receiver had to be given the capability to utter undetectable forgeries of the transmitter's signature. Also, only a subset of the natural message set could be communicated subliminally and some of those that could be transmitted were computationally infeasible for the subliminal receiver to recover. A digital signature standard (DSS) has recently been adopted by the U.S. government (May, 1994) which like most other digital signature schemes also permits subliminal communications to be concealed in signatures. Remarkably though, the subliminal channels in the DSS avoid all of the shortcomings that limit the usefulness of these channels in other digital signature schemes. This paper briefly describes the setting for the discovery of subliminal channels and then in some detail, the nature and shortcomings of the subliminal channels in the El Gamal digital signature scheme ‐ to which the DSS is closely related. Finally, to make clear what a remarkable coincidence it is that the apparently inherent shortcomings present in subliminal channels realized in the El Gamal scheme can all be overcome in channels realized in the DSS, each of the channels is analyzed in detail in both schemes. The inescapable conclusion, though, is that the DSS provides the most hospitable setting for subliminal communications discovered to date.
Phase and frequency detectors for clock synchronization in high‐speed optical transmission systems
Authors: Sari Hikmet , Houeix Hervé , Karam Georges 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper presents several phase and frequency detectors (PFD's) for clock recovery in high‐speed optical transmission systems. Their performance is evaluated by means of computer simulations and laboratory experiments using a 140 Mbit/s system prototype. The results demonstrate that the proposed detectors substantially increase the loop acquisition range with respect to conventional phase detectors without degrading its steady‐state jitter performance. The improvement of the acquisition performance is obtained at the expense of a very small increase of the loop hardware complexity. The presented detectors turn out to be very attractive for high‐speed optical systems, because with such a detector in the timing recovery loop, it is possible to use low‐precision oscillators and still meet stringent requirements on acquisition speed and steady‐state phase jitter.
Rediscoveries in Eriocaulaceae: seven narrowly distributed taxa from the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Echternacht Livia , Trovó Marcelo , Takeo Sano Paulo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe report the rediscovery of seven Eriocaulaceae taxa, which were known exclusively from the type collection or from historic collections. The taxa are Actinocephalus cipoensis, Actinocephalus coutoensis, Actinocephalus ithyphyllus, Paepalanthus argenteus var. elatus, Paepalanthus decussus, Paepalanthus stuetzelii, and Syngonanthus circinnatus, all narrowly distributed. They occur in the southern and central part of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We provide a brief taxonomic comment for each taxon, as well as details about the populations, habitat, and a revised IUCN conservation status. Finally, we discuss the earlier and present collecting efforts at the visited sites, as well as some conservational aspects (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The transfer of Gelidiella trinitatensis W.R.Taylor (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) to Parviphycus
Authors: Wynne Michael J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEvidence is presented to support the transfer of the red algal species Gelidiella trinitatensis W. R. Taylor (Gelidiales) to the segregate genus Parviphycus Santel. The very small stature of this alga, the arrangement of tetrasporangia in distinct chevron rows, the organization as seen in transverse section, and the apical organization indicate its correct taxonomic placement is within the genus Parviphycus. This species, originally described from Trinidad in the southern Caribbean Sea, is now known to be widely occurring throughout the Caribbean. It has also been reported from Central and South America (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrochemical Promotion of CH4 Combustion over a Pd/CeO2–YSZ Catalyst
Authors: Jiménez‐Borja C. , Dorado F. , de L.‐Consuegra A. , G.‐Vargas J. M. , Valverde J. L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe phenomenon of electrochemical promotion of catalysis (EPOC) has been demonstrated on palladium supported catalysts using ceria and yttria‐stabilised zirconia as solid electrolyte. SEM, XRD, linear voltammetry and AC impedance spectroscopy have been used to study this double electrolyte system. Electrochemical catalysts were also used to promote the methane combustion reaction leading to one of the highest faradaic efficiency reported for this reaction (Λ = 764). Thus, the catalytic activity of palladium was found to increase over 450% via electrochemical transference of oxygen promoting ions from the solid electrolyte to the catalyst film.
Improvement of Electrical Conductivity of Trivalent Rare‐earth Cation‐doped Neodymium Zirconate by Co‐doping Gadolinium and Ytterbium
Authors: Liu Z.‐G. , Ouyang J.‐H. , Sun K.‐N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPyrochlore oxides of A2Zr2O7, where A represents trivalent rare‐earth elements, have a high electrical conductivity, which makes them suitable for applications as high‐temperature solid electrolytes. The influence of Gd and Yb cations co‐doping at the Nd site on structure and electrical conductivity of a pyrochlore oxide Nd2Zr2O7 is investigated using X‐ray diffraction and impedance spectra measurements. Different zirconate ceramics of Nd2Zr2O7, Nd1.8Gd0.2Zr2O7, Nd1.8Gd0.1Yb0.1Zr2O7, Nd1.4Gd0.6Zr2O7 and Nd1.4Gd0.3Yb0.3Zr2O7 are prepared by pressureless‐sintering method at 1,973 K for 10 h in air. Nd2Zr2O7 doped with Gd and Yb cations at the Nd site exhibit a single phase of pyrochlore‐type structure. The measured values of the total conductivity obey the Arrhenius relation. Nd2Zr2O7 and its doped zirconate ceramics are oxide‐ion conductors in the oxygen partial pressure range of 1.0 × 10–4 to 1.0 atm at all test temperature levels. The total conductivity increases with reducing average ionic radii of A‐site rare‐earth cations. The dual Yb+Gd intermix doping causes a distinctly enhanced total conductivity as compared to unmodified Nd2Zr2O7 and singly Gd‐doped zirconate ceramics. The highest total conductivity value obtained in this work is 1.02 × 10–2 S cm × 1 at 1,173 K for Nd1.4Gd0.3Yb0.3Zr2O7 ceramic.
Genetic instability in inherited and sporadic leukemias
Authors: Popp Henning D. , Bohlander Stefan K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGenetic instability due to increased DNA damage and altered DNA repair is of central significance in the initiation and progression of inherited and sporadic human leukemias. Although very rare, some inherited DNA repair insufficiency syndromes (e.g., Fanconi anemia, Bloom's syndrome) have added substantially to our understanding of crucial mechanisms of leukemogenesis in recent years. Conversely, sporadic leukemias account for the main proportion of leukemias and here DNA damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role. Although the exact mechanisms of increased ROS production remain largely unknown and no single pathway has been detected thus far, some oncogenic proteins (e.g., the activated tyrosine kinases BCR‐ABL1 and FLT3‐ITD) seem to play a key role in driving genetic instability by increased ROS generation which influences the disease course (e.g., blast crisis in chronic myeloid leukemia or relapse in FLT3‐ITD positive acute myeloid leukemia). Of course other mechanisms, which promote genetic instability in leukemia also exist. A newly emerging mechanism is the genome‐wide alteration of epigenetic marks (e.g., hypomethylation of histone H3K79), which promotes chromosomal instability. Taken together genetic instability plays a critical role both in inherited and sporadic leukemias and emerges as a common theme in both inherited and sporadic leukemias. Beyond its theoretical impact, the analysis of genetic instability may lead the way to the development of innovative therapy strategies. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seismic investigations in the vicinity of the great Sphinx of Giza, Egypt
Authors: Dobecki Thomas L. , Schoch Robert M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAn integrated suite of seismic geophysical surveys including seismic refraction, refraction tomography, and high resolution reflection was utilized in the areas within the Sphinx Enclosure, the Sphinx Temple, and in the surrounding desert areas to the east and south of the Sphinx. The purposes of the investigations were to analyze the depth and distribution of weathering in the exposed limestone bedrock, search for voids/cavities around and under the Sphinx, and describe the bedrock configuration where buried by sands in the adjacent desert areas. The survey discovered that subsurface weathering below the floor of the Sphinx Enclosure is not uniform, suggesting varied periods of subaerial exposure for different portions of the excavation. A series of cavities on each side of the Sphinx, as well as between its paws, was defined. Further, the sand‐buried bedrock surface in the desert area shows evidence of several excavated, or possibly downfaulted, structures.
A socioemotional intervention in a Latin American orphanage
Authors: McCall Robert B. , Groark Christina J. , Fish Larry , Harkins Diane , Serrano Gabriela , Gordon Karen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA pilot intervention that emphasized training and technical assistance to promote warm, sensitive, and responsive one‐on‐one caregiver–child interactions primarily during feeding and bathing/changing was implemented using regular staff in a depressed orphanage for children birth to approximately 8 years of age in Latin America. Despite a variety of unanticipated irregularities in the implementation of the intervention, many beyond the researchers' control, ward environments improved; caregivers displayed more warm, sensitive, and responsive interactions with children; and children improved an average of 13.5 developmental quotient (DQ) points after 4+ months' exposure to the completed intervention. Furthermore, 82% of the children had DQs greater than 70 before the intervention, but only 27.8% did so afterward. Although the training for all caregivers was aimed at children birth to 3 years, the number of different caregivers was reduced, and technical assistance was provided only to caregivers serving children less than 3 years, younger and older children (3–8 years) improved approximately the same amount. However, children who were transitioned from a younger to an older ward during the intervention improved less than did children who remained in either a younger or an older ward, the first evidence suggesting that the common orphanage practice of periodically graduating children from one homogeneous age group to another may impede their development. The study is consistent with others that have shown that orphanages can be changed, and increases primarily in warm, sensitive, responsive caregiver–child interactions can produce improvements in children's development.
Surface plasmon resonance analysis of the binding of high‐risk mucosal HPV E6 oncoproteins to the PDZ1 domain of the tight junction protein MAGI‐1
Authors: Fournane Sadek , Charbonnier Sebastian , Chapelle Anne , Kieffer Bruno , Orfanoudakis Georges , Travé Gilles , Masson Murielle , Nominé Yves 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe E6 oncoproteins from high‐risk mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) induce cervical cancer via two major activities, the binding and the degradation of the p53 protein and PDZ domain‐containing proteins. Human MAGI‐1 is a multi‐PDZ domain protein implicated into protein complex assembly at cell–cell contacts. High‐risk mucosal HPV E6 proteins interact with the PDZ1 domain of MAGI‐1 via a C‐terminal consensus binding motif. Here, we developed a medium throughput protocol to accurately measure by surface plasmon resonance affinity constants of protein domains binding to peptidic sequences produced as recombinant fusions to the glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST). This approach was applied to measure the binding of MAGI‐1 PDZ1 to the C‐termini of viral or cellular proteins. Both high‐risk mucosal HPV E6 C‐terminal peptides and cellular partners of MAGI‐1 PDZ1 bind to MAGI‐1 PDZ1 with comparable dissociation constants in the micromolar range. MAGI‐1 PDZ1 shows a preference for C‐termini with a valine at position 0 and a negative charge at position −3, confirming previous studies performed with HPV18 E6. A detailed combined analysis via site‐directed mutagenesis of the HPV16 C‐terminal peptide and PDZ1 indicated that interactions mediated by charged residues upstream the PDZ‐binding motif strongly contribute to binding selectivity of this interaction. In addition, our work highlighted the K499 residue of MAGI‐1 as a novel determinant of binding specificity. Finally, we showed that MAGI‐1 PDZ1 also binds to the C‐termini of LPP and Tax proteins, which were already known to bind to PDZ proteins but not to MAGI‐1. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between the hepatitis C viral load and the serum interferon concentration during the first week of peginterferon‐alpha‐2b‐ribavirin combination therapy
Authors: François Catherine , Descamps Véronique , Brochot Etienne , Bernard Isabelle , Canva Valérie , Mathurin Philippe , Castelain Sandrine , Duverlie Gilles 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, the current standard of care (combination therapy with pegylated alpha interferon (PEG‐IFNα) and ribavirin) is only effective in around 50% of cases. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the HCV load and the PEG‐IFN concentration during the first week of treatment. Fifteen treatment‐naive patients with chronic hepatitis C infection (genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4) underwent PEG‐IFNα‐2b/ribavirin combination therapy. Blood samples were collected before the first injection (T0) and then at different time points until the next injection a week later. The PEG‐IFN concentration and the HCV load were assayed. The serum interferon concentration peaked 2 days after the first injection (mean value for the study population; Tmax = 40.9 hr; Cmax = 490 pg/ml) and a trough in viral load was seen at day 3. The PEG‐IFNα‐2b concentration decreased from day 2 to day 7, enabling a viral rebound in all patients. The change in viral load between day 0 and day 3 differed significantly according to whether the patients were responders at week 12 (Δlog d0/d3 = 2.729 ± 1.419 log10 IU/ml) or not (Δlog d0/d3 = 1.102 ± 0.472 log10 IU/ml). Our results emphasize the potential clinical importance of achieving viral decay immediately after initiation of interferon–ribavirin combination therapy. J. Med. Virol. 82:1640–1646, 2010. 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A peptide mimotope of hepatitis C virus E2 protein is immunogenic in mice and block human anti‐HCV sera
Authors: El‐Attar L.M.R. , Partidos C.D. , Howard C.R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractConformational B‐cell epitopes on the HCV E2 protein recognized by human antibodies were characterized by the use of a peptide mimotope named K1. K1 was identified by two HCV anti‐E2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) following selection and purification of phage clones containing a 15‐mer random peptide insert. Murine antisera to the mimotope K1 recognized the E2 protein. Five of eight human sera from patients who had cleared HCV recognized the K1 mimotope. Binding to E2 in four individuals with the capacity to block E2–CD81 interaction was inhibited by the mimotope K1. The results demonstrate that anti‐E2 antibodies in sera from patients who have cleared HCV infection are directed against a conformational B‐cell epitope on E2 that can be mimicked with linear synthetic peptides. These findings could have implications for vaccine design by employing linear mimotopes to direct B‐cell responses against those specific E2 epitopes that may correlate with immunity. J. Med. Virol. 82:1655–1665, 2010. 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IgG subclasses and DNA detection of HHV‐6 and HHV‐7 in healthy individuals
Authors: Biganzoli Patricia , Ferreyra Leonardo , Sicilia Paola , Carabajal Claudia , Frattari Susana , Littvik Ana , Nates Silvia , Pavan Jorge 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHuman herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) and 7 (HHV‐7) are common opportunistic agents in immunocompromised hosts, although infection with HHV‐6 and HHV‐7 can also be observed in immunocompetent hosts. Despite similar biology and epidemiology, this study evaluated differences in the IgG subclass distribution associated with HHV‐6 and HHV‐7 in seropositive, healthy persons. The identified subclasses were also compared with the detection of HHV‐6 and HHV‐7 DNA. For these assays, sera, plasma, and saliva samples were obtained from 40 healthy blood donors in Argentina who were seropositive for both HHV‐6 and HHV‐7. HHV‐6 and HHV‐7 DNA were detected in saliva and plasma samples using nested PCR, and specific IgG subclasses were determined using immunofluorescent assays of sera samples. HHV‐7 DNA was detected in 90% of all plasma samples and in 100% of saliva samples. In contrast, HHV‐6 DNA was not detected in any of the plasma samples, and it was detected in only 6 of 40 saliva samples. Determination of IgG subclass distributions showed that HHV‐6 was restricted to IgG1, whereas HHV‐7 IgG subclasses included two groups, one restricted only to IgG1 and the other to IgG1 and IgG3. These results demonstrate the differences between HHV‐6 and HHV‐7 DNA range detection in saliva and plasma samples, as well as the IgG subclass patterns for each virus type, in healthy persons in Argentina. J. Med. Virol. 82:1679–1683, 2010. 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of triclosan and methyl triclosan in environmental solid samples by matrix solid‐phase dispersion and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Sánchez‐Brunete Consuelo , Miguel Ester , Albero Beatriz , Tadeo José L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this study, a method for the determination of triclosan (TCS) and methyl triclosan (MTCS) in soil and sewage sludge samples from municipal wastewater treatment plants was developed based on the extraction by matrix solid‐phase dispersion. After extraction, the analytes were derivatized with N‐(tert‐butyldimethylsilyl)‐N‐methyl‐trifluoroacetamide for their determination by isotope dilution GC with electron impact MS detection in the SIM mode, using 13C12‐labeled compounds as internal standards. Recoveries of MTCS and TCS from laboratory spiked sludge samples were in the range from 95.7 to 101.0% and 97.4 to 101.3%, respectively. In the case of soil samples, the recoveries of MTCS and TCS ranged from 98.4 to 101.0% and 98.7 to 99.0%, respectively. The limits of detection (S/N=3) varied from 0.10 to 0.12 ng/g for sewage sludge samples and from 0.05 to 0.08 ng/g for soil samples. The validated method was used to assess the levels of TCS and MTCS in sewage sludge collected from 19 wastewater treatment plants located in Madrid (Spain) and in soil samples collected from agricultural fields in Madrid. Both compounds were detected in all the sludge samples at concentrations ranging from 54 to 2987 ng/g dry weight for TCS and from 4 to 311 ng/g dry weight for MTCS. The levels encountered in soil were much lower, 0.8 to 4.7 ng/g dry weight for TCS and 0.3 to 3.8 ng/g dry weight for MTCS.
Use of SDA soybean oil in bakery applications
Authors: Whittinghill Jane , Welsby David 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStearidonic acid (SDA) soybean oil is a sustainable, land‐based source of omega‐3 fatty acids. SDA soybean oil can be formulated directly into baked products or incorporated into shortening blends for use in a variety of baking applications. Little has been published in the scientific and other literature concerning the functional and sensory performance of baking applications comprising SDA soybean oil. In this article, we review work that has been done to evaluate the performance of SDA soybean oil in an array of bakery applications. Consumer acceptance data showed that incorporation of SDA soybean oil in application models such as bagels, breakfast bars, pastries, cookies, icings and chocolate coatings resulted in acceptable product functionality and flavor. The results also indicated that SDA soybean oil imparted functional and sensory attributes in baked products that were similar to commercial soybean oil.
Just let it go!: Being realistic about what we can and cannot change
Authors: Goldsmith Marshall 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGoldsmith tells us to just let it go when faced with situations that are beyond our control. Without acceptance and forgiveness, we end up hurting ourselves. He writes, “Clinging to anger and negativity weighs us down and ultimately limits any opportunities we might have of finding meaning and happiness.” Goldsmith offers readers three tools to use in learning to just let it go.
The transverse upper gracilis flap for breast reconstruction following liposuction of the thigh
Authors: Saint‐Cyr Michel , Shirvani Arash , Wong Corrine 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA particular flap with rising prominence in breast reconstruction is the transverse upper gracilis (TUG) flap. With the increasing prevalence of patients opting for various forms of elective liposuctions, breast reconstruction with flaps has necessitated a more meticulous yet perhaps more flexible screening for potential donor sites. We present a case of a bilateral breast reconstruction using TUG flaps in a patient with a previous history of liposuction to her abdomen and thighs. The dimensions of the TUG flaps were 7 × 31 cm2. The patient did not undergo any flap or donor site complications. We speculate that perhaps much of the tissue and muscle in the medial thigh region is more robust than previously thought and that there is high potential for neo‐vascularization in the thigh region following a liposuction. Accordingly, we advocate the effective use of the TUG flap for breast reconstruction in spite of previous liposuctions to the thighs. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.