bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of pain and inflammation associated with hot iron branding and microchip transponder injection in horses
Authors: Lindegaard Casper , Vaabengaard Dorte , Christophersen Mogens T. , Ekstøm Claus T. , Fjeldborg Julie 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Objective—To compare effects of hot iron branding and microchip transponder injection regarding aversive behavioral reactions indicative of pain and inflammation in horses.
Animals—7 adult horses.
Procedures—In a randomized controlled clinical crossover study, behavioral reactions to hot iron branding and microchip transponder injection were scored by 4 observers. Local and systemic inflammation including allodynia were assessed and compared by use of physiologic and biochemical responses obtained repeatedly for the 168-hour study period. Serum cortisol concentration was measured repeatedly throughout the first 24 hours of the study. Sham treatments were performed 1 day before and 7 days after treatments.
Results—Hot iron branding elicited a significantly stronger aversive reaction indicative of pain than did microchip transponder injection (odds ratio [OR], 12.83). Allodynia quantified by means of skin sensitivity to von Frey monofilaments was significantly greater after hot iron branding than after microchip transponder injection (OR, 2.59). Neither treatment induced signs of spontaneously occurring pain that were observed during the remaining study period, and neither treatment induced increased serum cortisol concentrations. Comparison with sham treatments indicated no memory of an unpleasant event. The hot iron branding areas had significantly increased skin temperature and swelling (OR, 14.6). Systemic inflammation as measured via serum amyloid A concentration was not detected after any of the treatments.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Microchip transponder injection induced less signs of pain and inflammation and did not seem to pose a higher long-term risk than hot iron branding. Consequently, results indicated that hot iron branding does inflict more pain and should be abandoned where possible.
Evaluation of inflammatory responses induced via intra-articular injection of interleukin-1 in horses receiving a dietary nutraceutical and assessment of the clinical effects of long-term nutraceutical administration
Authors: Pearson Wendy , Orth Michael W. , Lindinger Michael I. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate inflammatory responses induced via intra-articular recombinant human interleukin (IL)-1β treatment in horses receiving a dietary nutraceutical (DN; composed of mussel, shark cartilage, abalone, and Biota orientalis lipid extract) and assess the clinical effects of long-term DN administration.
Animals—22 healthy horses.
Procedures—12 horses were fed 0, 15, 45, or 75 mg of DN (3 horses/treatment) daily for 84 days. General health and clinicopathologic variables were monitored at intervals. Ten other horses received 0 or 15 g of DN/d (5 horses/treatment) for 29 days (beginning day −14). One intercarpal joint in each horse was injected twice with IL-1β (10 and 100 ng on days 0 and 1, respectively), and the contralateral joint was similarly injected with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Synovial fluid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG), nitric oxide (NO), and protein concentrations and leukocyte counts were analyzed before and at intervals after injections.
Results—Administration of the DN (up to 75 g/d) to horses for 84 days did not induce any adverse effects. In the other experiment, synovial fluid PGE2, GAG, and protein concentrations and leukocyte count increased after intra-articular injections of IL-1β (compared with effects of saline solution injections) in horses that received no DN; NO concentration was not affected. In horses that were fed the DN, intra-articular IL-1β injections did not induce significant increases in synovial fluid PGE2 and GAG concentrations.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that administration of the DN may be useful in preventing inflammation associated with arthritis and degenerative joint disease in horses.
Effects of acute exercise and long-term exercise on total Na+,K+-ATPase content and Na+,K+-ATPase isoform expression profile in equine muscle
Authors: van den Burg Maarten M. M. , Eizema Karin , de Graaf-Roelfsema Ellen , van Breda Eric , Wijnberg Inge D. , van der Kolk Johannes H. , Everts Maria E. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the effects of acute exercise and long-term training on Na+,K+-ATPase content, mRNA isoforms, and protein concentration in equine muscle.
Animals—6 Standardbreds.
Procedures—Horses performed a bout of exercise on a treadmill before and after 18 weeks of combined interval and endurance training. Muscle biopsy specimens were obtained from vastus lateralis muscle (VLM) and pectoralis descendens muscle (PDM) before and after exercise. The Na+,K+-ATPase content, mRNA isoforms, and protein concentrations were determined by use of [3H]ouabain binding, real-time PCR assay, and western blotting, respectively.
Results—6 Na+,K+-ATPase mRNA isoforms were present in equine muscle, but only A2 and B1 proteins were detected. Exercise before training resulted in increases of mRNA isoforms A1, A2, A3, and B2 in VLM and A1 and B3 in PDM. Training increased resting values for mRNA isoforms A3 and B1 in VLM and B3 in PDM. The Na+,K+-ATPase, [3H]ouabain binding, and proteins of mRNA A2 and B1 increased in VLM, whereas in PDM, only A2 protein increased as a result of training. After training, effects of strenuous exercise on mRNA expression were no longer detectable.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Equine muscle contained all Na+,K+-ATPase mRNA isoforms, but only A2 and B1 proteins could be detected. Expression of these isoforms changed as a result of strenuous exercise and long-term training, representing an adaptive response. Determination of Na+,K+-ATPase gene expression may be relevant for understanding alterations in excitability during neuromuscular diseases.
Stability and uniformity of extemporaneous preparations of voriconazole in two liquid suspension vehicles at two storage temperatures
Authors: Nguyen Kyvan Q. , Hawkins Michelle G. , Taylor Ian T. , Wiebe Valerie J. , Tell Lisa A. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine the stability and distribution of voriconazole in 2 extemporaneously prepared (compounded) suspensions stored for 30 days at 2 temperatures.
Sample Population—Voriconazole suspensions (40 mg/mL) compounded from commercially available 200-mg tablets suspended in 1 of 2 vehicles. One vehicle contained a commercially available suspending agent and a sweetening syrup in a 1:1 mixture (SASS). The other vehicle contained the suspending agent with deionized water in a 3:1 mixture (SADI).
Procedures—Voriconazole suspensions (40 mg/mL in 40-mL volumes) were compounded on day 0 and stored at room temperature (approx 21°C) or refrigerated (approx 5°C). To evaluate distribution, room-temperature aliquots of voriconazole were measured immediately after preparation. Refrigerated aliquots were measured after 3 hours of refrigeration. To evaluate stability, aliquots from each suspension were measured at approximately 7-day intervals for up to 30 days. Voriconazole concentration, color, odor, opacity, and pH were measured, and aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures were performed at various points.
Results—Drug distribution was uniform (coefficient of variation, < 5%) in both suspensions. On day 0, 87.8% to 93.0% of voriconazole was recovered; percentage recovery increased to between 95.1% and 100.8% by day 7. On subsequent days, up to day 30, percentage recovery was stable (> 90%) for all suspensions. The pH of each suspension did not differ significantly throughout the 30-day period. Storage temperature did not affect drug concentrations at any time, nor was bacterial growth obtained.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Extemporaneously prepared voriconazole in SASS and SADI resulted in suspensions that remained stable for at least 30 days. Refrigerated versus room-temperature storage of the suspensions had no effect on drug stability.
Association of osteoprotegerin and rankl levels with insulin resistance in pubertal obese children
Authors: Yeşilkaya Ediz , Bideci Aysun , Çamurdan Orhun , Boyraz Mehmet , Vurucu Sebahattin , Cinaz Peyami 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG)/“receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B-ligand” (RANKL) system has an important role in the remodeling of bone through regulation of osteoclastogenesis. We aimed to detect OPG and RANKL levels, particularly in obese children in the pubertal period and to investigate whether these parameters correlate with insulin resistance in childhood. Our study included 66 obese children ranging in age from 9.1 to 16 years, and 22 non-obese children ranging in age from 10.5 to 16 years. Blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels were measured for all cases; HOMA-IR, Quicki index and atherogenic index were calculated. Serum OPG and RANKL levels were also measured. OPG and RANKL levels did not show any difference between obese and non-obese children (P>.05). No difference in these 2 parameters were observed among the children with and without insulin resistance (P>.05). No correlation could be established between the OPG, the HOMA-IR, Quick and atherogenic indices. Obesity and insulin resistance are believed to show their effect in the later period of life to become able to change some of the parameters.
Checklist of the pathogens of lamprey species of Poland
Authors: Sobecka Ewa , Moskal Jerzy , Więcaszek Beata 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
This is a checklist of 51 pathogens of lamprey species found in Poland, including European river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758), European brook lamprey Lampetra planeri (Bloch, 1784), Ukrainian brook lamprey Eudontomyzon mariae (Berg, 1931), Danubian brook lamprey Eudontomyzon vladykovi Oliva and Zanandrea, 1959 and sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus, 1758.
The Puck Bay as an example of deep dredging unfavorably affecting the aquatic environment
Authors: Graca Bożena 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The presented study is a review of available geochemical data concerning a dredge area in the Puck Bay. It is a small, semi-closed and degraded water body on the Polish Baltic coast. In this region very deep dredging was conducted in the years 1989-95. Five dredge pits were created in the bottom of the bay. Only two of them have been geochemically investigated so far. In the deepwater parts of both the dredge pits organic matter accumulation resulted in sulfate reduction and subsequent hydrogen sulfide production in the sediment, as well as elevated nutrient concentrations in the interstitial waters. Moreover, temporal oxygen deficits in the near bottom waters were observed. Such conditions favor nitrogen and phosphorus release to the water column and potentially enhance the eutrophication. The impact of deep dredging on the chemical conditions in the dredged area seems to be controlled by a complex interplay of the season, phytoplankton biomass production and hydrodynamic conditions. Areas with high biomass production and low water dynamic are probably more vulnerable to environmental degradation due to deep dredging. This implies that some of the dredge pits require different methods of recultivation than others. However the decision if, and with which methods, to remediate dredge pits in the Puck Bay requires successive research including all the pits in all four seasons.
Impact of heavy metals on water, fish (Cyprinus carpio) and sediments from a water tank at Tumkur, India
Authors: Sreedhara Nayaka B. , Ramakrishna S. , Jayaprakash  , Delvi M. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the concentrations of various heavy metals and their distribution in a hyper-eutrophic urban Tumkur tank system, which is being polluted from industrial, domestic and sewage effluents. Samples of water, fish and soil sediment were analyzed for the concentration of seven heavy metals (iron, zinc, copper, nickel, chromium, lead and cadmium) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The water-soluble (bioavailable) fractions of heavy metals correlated positively with their total concentration, exhibiting the following sequence of bioavailability: Zn > Cd > Ni > Pb > Cu > Cr > Fe. Cyprinus carpio exhibited a maximum bioaccumulation factor for copper (5500). The mean values of all types of collected samples were correlated with the corresponding mean values in a control tank (Teetha tank). The sequence of the order of the concentration of the metals in water, fish and sediment samples exhibiting higher values than those observed in the control tank was as follows: Cr > Pb > Cu ≈ Ni > Fe > Cd > Zn, Cr > Cd > Cu ≈ Zn > Pb > Fe ≈ Ni and Fe > Pb > Cr > Cu > Ni > Zn > Cd, respectively. The geoaccumulation indices of the heavy metals revealed that the tank is moderately to strongly contaminated. As Cyprinus carpio is extensively used for human consumption, there is a growing health risk that these metals could find their way into the human food chain.
Morphological and biochemical variation among common reed (Phragmites australis) populations in northwest Poland
Authors: Drapikowska Maria , Krzakowa Maria 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Plant material from 42 common reed populations originating from various lakes and ponds in northwest Poland were investigated with respect to eight panicle traits and three peroxidase loci that were detected with electrophoresis. Genetic differences between populations were estimated based on allozyme frequencies. Electrophoretic data indicated that some populations contain an excess of heterozygotes, pointing to extensive gene flow, which is typical of panmictic, open-pollinated populations.
Distribution of heavy metals in the Mała Wełna River system (western Poland)
Authors: Frankowski Marcin , Sojka Mariusz , Zioła-Frankowska Anetta , Siepak Marcin , Murat-Błażejewska Sadżide 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
This paper reports the results of measurements of heavy metal concentrations in water, suspension, and bottom sediment samples collected at eight sites along the Mała Wełna River (western Poland). The samples were collected once a month from May to August 2006. The highest variations in the water of the Mała Wełna River were noted in the concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cu. The results indicate that the suspension plays an important role in the transportation of pollutants contaminating the water and later in the accumulation of pollutants in the bottom sediments. The concentration of heavy metals in the bottom sediments were determined individually in grain size fractions: >2, 2-1, 1-0.5, 0.5-0.25, 0.25-0.1, 0.1-0.063, <0.063 mm. Concentrations of them were the lowest in the 0.5-0.25 and 0.25-0.1 mm fractions, and were the highest in the 0.1-0.063 and <0.063 fractions.
The influence of river functionality on habitat selection by Ephemeroptera in spatially and temporally diverse lowland rivers, with particular reference to the River Bug
Authors: Głazaczow Adam , Orwin David , Bajaczyk Rafał 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The purpose of this work is the designation of changes in the environmental preferences of mayflies in the prevailing conditions in a large lowland river little changed by human activity. During the study, the occurrence of the following species were recorded: Cercobrachys minutus (54.2%); Procloeon nana (24.5%); Pseudocentroptiloides shadini (7.6%); Ametropus fragilis (2.9%), which were numerously represented and formed a permanent element of the fauna, and Baetopus wartensis (0.1%) and Oligoneurisca borysthenica which were noted very rarely and were accidental species. The differences and similarities in the functionality of the psammophilous and other mayfly assemblages were assessed. The data from the last fifteen years of study was investigated and compared with those from other rivers which were more managed. PCA was used to distinguish the main factors influencing habitat selection at particular stages of life history and the tendency for drifting.
The diurnal distribution of the zooplankton community of the littoral zone of Lake Wielkowiejskie (Wielkopolski National Park, Poland)
Authors: Kuczyńska-Kippen Natalia , Milecka Ewelina 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The main aim of this study was to analyze the diel distribution of zooplankton communities within the zones of Nymphaea albae, Myriophyllum verticillatum, and Typha angustifolia, and, compared to that, in the open water area of a lake. It also aimed to analyze the relationship between zooplankton densities and the concentration of physicochemical factors and chlorophy11 a content.
A total of 149 zooplankton taxa were noted, and, despite the narrow range of the research in the analyzed lake, some rare species were noted, among which two - Colurella sinistra and Lecane inopinata - were recorded for the first time among Polish fauna. The rush zone was taxonomically the richest, while the open water area was the poorest. The highest number of individuals was observed in the Myriophyllum bed, while the lowest was noted in the zone dominated by Nymphaea alba.

The highest densities of zooplankton occurred at dusk, while the lowest occurred during the day, irrespective of the sampling station. Because Lake Wielkowiejskie is a shallow and macrophyte-dominated water body, the differences in the diurnal distribution of zooplankton communities may suggest horizontal migrations between the pelagic zone and the phytolittoral, as well as between particular macrophyte stands.
A positive correlation between the densities of some zooplankters and the concentration of chlorophyll a was found, while a negative relationship with the concentration of nitrites was recorded for Lecane quadridentata and Alonella nana.
The impact of biometric parameters of a hydromacrophyte habitat on the structure of zooplankton communities in various types of small water bodies
Authors: Kuczyńska-Kippen Natalia , Nagengast Barbara , Joniak Tomasz 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Hydromacrophyte habitats, which can differ in a multiplicity of biometric parameters, are among the most important factors affecting zooplankton community structure. The main goal of this work was to determine the impact of plant habitat parameters expressed by density, biomass, and plant volume along with chemical features on the composition and dynamics of rotifer and crustacean communities.
A number of small water bodies of different origin (12) located in different catchment areas of the Wielkopolska region were analyzed.
It was found that helophytes and nymphaeids had the highest biomass and the lowest stem density, while elodeids were of the lowest biomass and the greatest stem density. Similarity analysis confirmed this distribution of biometric parameters among particular ecological groups of macrophytes.
The greatest numbers of zooplankton were noted among vegetated zones, which supports the idea of zooplankton using macrophytes as anti-predator refuge. Based on the study of a total of 23 plant stands, it was found that macrophyte biomass and the density of the plant habitat were the strongest predictors of three biometric parameters of zooplankton abundance.
Outcome following decompressive surgery for different histological types of metastatic tumors causing epidural spinal cord compression
Authors: Chaichana Kaisorn L. , Pendleton Courtney , Sciubba Daniel M. , Wolinsky Jean-Paul , Gokaslan Ziya L. 
Published: July 2009

Object
Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) is a relatively common and debilitating complication of metastatic disease that often results in neurological deficits. Recent studies have supported decompressive surgery over radiation therapy for patients who present with MESCC. These studies, however, have grouped all patients with different histological types of metastatic disease into the same study population. The differential outcomes for patients with different histological types of metastatic disease therefore remain unknown.

Methods
An institutional database of patients undergoing decompressive surgery for MESCC at an academic tertiary-care institution between 1996 and 2006 was retrospectively reviewed. Patients with primary lung, breast, prostate, kidney, or gastrointestinal (GI) cancer or melanoma were identified. Fisher exact and log-rank analyses were used to compare pre-, peri-, and postoperative variables and survival for patients with these different types of primary cancers.

Results
Twenty-seven patients with primary lung cancer, 26 with breast cancer, 20 with prostate cancer, 21 with kidney cancer, 13 with GI cancer, and 7 with melanoma were identified and categorized. All of these patients were followed up for a mean ± SD of 10.8 ± 3.8 months following surgery. Patients with primary lung and prostate cancers were typically older than patients with other types of primary cancers. Patients with prostate cancer had the shortest duration of symptoms and more commonly presented with motor deficits, while patients with breast cancer more commonly had cervical spine involvement and compression fractures. For all histological types, > 90% of patients retained the ability to ambulate following surgery. However, the group with the highest percentage of patients who regained ambulatory function after decompressive surgery was the lung cancer group. Patients with breast or kidney cancer and those with melanoma had the highest median duration of survival following decompressive surgery.

Conclusions
The present study identifies differences in presenting symptoms, operative course, perioperative complications, long-term ambulatory outcomes, and duration of survival for patients with lung, breast, prostate, kidney, and GI cancers and melanoma. This understanding may allow better risk stratification for patients with MESCC.