bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La cause de l'intelligence
Authors: Lignier Wilfried 
Published: August 2011

Résumé Un certain modèle de la justification qui fait la part belle aux principes paraît vouer la promotion d’une vision inégalitaire du monde social à l’illégitimité publique, tant que les inégalités en question sont définies par leurs promoteurs comme intrinsèques, irréversibles. L’étude empirique du cas du processus de légitimation qu’a de fait connu, en France, la cause des enfants dits « intellectuellement précoces » prouve au contraire qu’une catégorisation définitivement inégalitaire peut accéder à un haut degré de légitimité (sanctionné par l’intégration à la politique d’État). Elle montre en outre que ce processus, bien qu’incluant des reformulations sémantiques décisives, met d’abord en jeu des relations sociales concrètes et une logique d’imposition symbolique. Cette logique tient son efficacité sociale à la fois de la mobilisation de militants (d’autant plus décisive qu’ils sont socialement dotés) et d’évolutions institutionnelles et structurelles relativement indépendantes, qui augmentent ou au contraire réduisent les chances que l’action des militants paraisse publiquement pertinente.
Hybridization between native and invasive alien plants: an overlooked threat to the biodiversity of Sri Lanka
Authors: Yakandawala Deepthi , Yakandawala Kapila 
Published: August 2011

Conservation of native biological diversity is one of the major challenges of this century. Invasive alien species (IAS) are a part of this challenge because a small but a significant fraction of IAS contribute to the demise of native species. The present paper reviews current literature on the phenomenon of hybridization in plants supporting the evolution of invasiveness, which is identified as a major threat to the extinction of native species. Further, the phenomenon of hybridization is been reviewed on a Sri Lankan context by citing evidence from a preliminary study between the native Nymphaea nouchali and an introduced violet flowered water-lily that has got established in water-bodies of Sri Lanka. This violet flowered water-lily has been incorrectly identified as the native Nymphaea nouchali, the National flower of Sri Lanka (‘Nil Manel’). Revealing the flawed identity of the violet flowered Nymphaea, its hybrid origin and the hybridization with the native N. nouchali, provides an excellent opportunity for initiating studies on a novel area in hybridization between natives and invasive alien species of plants in Sri Lanka. Key words: biodiversity conservation, Nymphaea, evolution, ‘Nil Manel’, Invasive Alien Species (IAS) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v40i1.3403 CJSBS 2011; 40(1): 13-23
Clonal propagation of <i>Wattakaka volubilis</i> through nodal explant culture
Authors: Vinothkumar D , Murugavelh S , Senthikumar M 
Published: August 2011

A protocol was developed for microporpagation of Wattakaka volubils (L.f) Stapf, an important medicinal plant in India. In vitro shoot multiplication nodal explants of W. volubilis was achieved on solid MS basal medium supplemented with BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid). Presence of NAA in the culture medium along with BAP promoted multiplication of shoots than BAP alone. The highest shoot multiplication rate (23.4±0.48) was observed after 28 days of culture on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.6 mg/l BAP and 0.2 mg/l NAA. Elongated shoots produced roots within 6 weeks in half strength MS basal medium supplemented with 0.6 mg/l IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) and 3% (w/v) sucrose. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized with a survival rate of 95% and transferred to the green-house and thereafter successfully transferred to the field with 90% survival rate. Keywords: medicinal plants, micropropagation, nodal culture, survival rate DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v40i1.3406 CJSBS 2011; 40(1): 53-58
Complement Activation and Complement Receptors on Follicular Dendritic Cells Are Critical for the Function of a Targeted Adjuvant
Authors: Mattsson Johan , Yrlid Ulf , Stensson Anneli , Schön Karin , Karlsson Mikael C. I. , Ravetch Jeffrey V. , Lycke Nils Y. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA detailed understanding of how activation of innate immunity can be exploited to generate more effective vaccines is critically required. However, little is known about how to target adjuvants to generate safer and better vaccines. In this study, we describe an adjuvant that, through complement activation and binding to follicular dendritic cells (FDC), dramatically enhances germinal center (GC) formation, which results in greatly augmented Ab responses. The nontoxic CTA1-DD adjuvant hosts the ADP-ribosylating CTA1 subunit from cholera toxin and a dimer of the D fragment from Staphylococcus aureus protein A. We found that T cell-dependent, but not -independent, responses were augmented by CTA1-DD. GC reactions and serum Ab titers were both enhanced in a dose-dependent manner. This effect required complement activation, a property of the DD moiety. Deposition of CTA1-DD to the FDC network appeared to occur via the conduit system and was dependent on complement receptors on the FDC. Hence, Cr2−/− mice failed to augment GC reactions and exhibited dramatically reduced Ab responses, whereas Ribi adjuvant demonstrated unperturbed adjuvant function in these mice. Noteworthy, the adjuvant effect on priming of specific CD4 T cells was found to be intact in Cr2−/− mice, demonstrating that the CTA1-DD host both complement-dependent and -independent adjuvant properties. This is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of an adjuvant that directly activates complement, enabling binding of the adjuvant to the FDC, which subsequently strongly promoted the GC reaction, leading to augmented serum Ab titers and long-term memory development.
The Process of Macrophage Migration Promotes Matrix Metalloproteinase-Independent Invasion by Tumor Cells
Authors: Guiet Romain , Van Goethem Emeline , Cougoule Céline , Balor Stéphanie , Valette Annie , Al Saati Talal , Lowell Clifford A. , Le Cabec Véronique , Maridonneau-Parini Isabelle 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages are known to amplify the malignant potential of tumors by secreting a variety of cytokines and proteases involved in tumor cell invasion and metastasis, but how these macrophages infiltrate tumors and whether the macrophage migration process facilitates tumor cell invasion remain poorly documented. To address these questions, we used cell spheroids of breast carcinoma SUM159PT cells as an in vitro model of solid tumors. We found that macrophages used both the mesenchymal mode requiring matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the amoeboid migration mode to infiltrate tumor cell spheroids. Whereas individual SUM159PT cells invaded Matrigel using an MMP-dependent mesenchymal mode, when they were grown as spheroids, tumor cells were unable to invade the Matrigel surrounding spheroids. When spheroids were infiltrated or in contact with macrophages, tumor cell invasiveness was restored. It was dependent on the capacity of macrophages to remodel the matrix and migrate in an MMP-independent mesenchymal mode. This effect of macrophages was much reduced when spheroids were infiltrated by Matrigel migration-defective Hck−/− macrophages. In the presence of macrophages, SUM159PT migrated into Matrigel in the proximity of macrophages and switched from an MMP-dependent mesenchymal migration to an amoeboid mode resistant to protease inhibitors.Thus, in addition to the well-described paracrine loop between macrophages and tumor cells, macrophages can also contribute to the invasiveness of tumor cells by remodeling the extracellular matrix and by opening the way to exit the tumor and colonize the surrounding tissues in an MMP-dispensable manner.
Ocular Surface APCs Are Necessary for Autoreactive T Cell-Mediated Experimental Autoimmune Lacrimal Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Schaumburg Chris S. , Siemasko Karyn F. , De Paiva Cintia S. , Wheeler Larry A. , Niederkorn Jerry Y. , Pflugfelder Stephen C. , Stern Michael E. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
As specialized sentinels between the innate and adaptive immune response, APCs are essential for activation of Ag-specific lymphocytes, pathogen clearance, and generation of immunological memory. The process is tightly regulated; however, excessive or atypical stimuli may ignite activation of APCs in a way that allows self-Ag presentation to autoreactive T cells in the context of the necessary costimulatory signals, ultimately resulting in autoimmunity. Studies in both animal models and patients suggest that dry eye is a chronic CD4+ T cell-mediated ocular surface autoimmune-based inflammatory disease. Using a desiccating stress-induced mouse model of dry eye, we establish the fundamental role of APCs for both the generation and maintenance of ocular-specific autoreactive CD4+ T cells. Subconjunctival administration of liposome-encapsulated clodronate efficiently diminished resident ocular surface APCs, inhibited the generation of autoreactive CD4+ T cells, and blocked their ability to cause disease. APC-dependent CD4+ T cell activation required intact draining cervical lymph nodes, as cervical lymphadenectomy also inhibited CD4+ T cell-mediated dry eye disease. In addition, local depletion of peripheral conjunctival APCs blocked the ability of dry eye-specific CD4+ T cells to accumulate within the ocular surface tissues, suggesting that fully primed and targeted dry eye-specific CD4+ T cells require secondary activation by resident ocular surface APCs for maintenance and effector function. These data demonstrate that APCs are necessary for the initiation and development of experimental dry eye and support the standing hypothesis that dry eye is a self-Ag–driven autoimmune disease.
Comparison Theorem for Conjugate Points of a Fourth-order Linear Differential Equation
Authors: Ben Amara Jamel 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn 1961, J. Barrett showed that if the first conjugate point η(a) exists for the differential equation (r(x)y'')'' = p(x)y, where r(x) > 0 and p(x) > 0, then so does the first systems-conjugate point . The aim of this note is to extend this result to the general equation with middle term (q(x)y')' without further restriction on q(x), other than continuity.
Evolution of Eigenvalues along Rescaled Ricci Flow
Authors: Li Junfang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss monotonicity formulae of various entropy functionals under various rescaled versions of Ricci flow. As an application, we prove that the lowest eigenvalue of a family of geometric operators -4Δ+kR is monotonic along the normalized Ricci flow for all k≥1 provided the initial manifold has nonpositive total scalar curvature.
Does the Environment Moderate the Impact of a Mass Media Campaign to Promote Walking?
Authors: Gebel Klaus , Bauman Adrian E. , Reger-Nash Bill , Leyden Kevin M. 
Published: September 2011

Purpose. To examine if a mass media campaign influenced walking differently in people in different physical environments. Design. Quasi-experimental study. Setting. Wheeling, West Virginia. Participants. Random sample of adults age 50 to 65 years, response rate: 72.1% (n = 719 in intervention community, n = 753 in comparison community). Intervention. Mass media campaign. Measures. Self-reported measures were used in before and after telephone surveys for walking and the physical environment. Measures included 11 environmental walkability items, from which two subscales (i.e., usable sidewalks/aesthetics and facilities) were extracted. Analysis. Multiple linear regression. Results. Overall, walking increased by 2.7 minutes per week (standard deviation [SD] = 231.1, not significant [NS]). When confined to those insufficiently active at baseline (i.e., <30 minutes per day) the minutes walked increased by 92.1 minutes (SD = 152.9, p < .001). For the insufficiently active at baseline in the top half of the environmental factor of usable sidewalks, walking increased by 19 minutes more than in the bottom half (NS). For the factor of aesthetics and facilities, people in the more walkable environment increased walking by 87 minutes more than those in the bottom half (p < .001). Conclusion. In this community-wide physical activity, intervention changes in walking after the campaign were significantly moderated by some environmental attributes. This contributes to the limited evidence on the impact of the environment in enhancing community physical activity interventions. This finding needs to be replicated in other community interventions with greater environmental variation.
Social‐aware delay tolerant networking for mobile‐to‐mobile file sharing
Authors: Palazzi Claudio E. , Bujari Armir 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYPeer‐to‐peer (P2P) overlay networks and mobile ad hoc networks share many key characteristics such as self‐organization and decentralization; they also face the crucial challenge of providing connectivity in a decentralized, dynamic environment. However, when considering ad hoc networks composed of mobile devices such as smartphones, we cannot rely on the continuous end‐to‐end path between peers as for classic Internet P2P applications; rather, we have to deal with low node density that creates mobile‐disconnected networks. Porting the P2P paradigm into mobile networks to create a mobile‐to‐mobile file sharing application will create a modern type of delay/disruption tolerant network. In this context, we discuss our new approach for P2P file sharing that considers networks composed of mobile smartphones. As an innovative feature, we leverage on peer mobility to reach data in other disconnected networks by implementing a delay/disruption tolerant network‐like store‐delegate‐and‐forward communication model, where a peer can delegate unaccomplished file download tasks to other peers. In order to increase the chances of eventually receiving the requested file while reducing the number of transmitted messages and data, social awareness is exploited by nodes to delegate unaccomplished tasks only to peers that are expected to be encountered again in the future. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EFFECT OF SANDY SEDIMENTS PRODUCED BY THE MECHANICAL CONTROL OF SAND DEPOSITION ON THE THERMAL REGIME OF UNDERLYING PERMAFROST ALONG THE QINGHAI‐TIBET RAILWAY
Authors: Xie s. , Qu J. , Zu R. , Zhang K. , Han Q. , Niu Q. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTTo date, the mechanical control of drifting sand is the main method used for the protection of the Qinghai‐Tibet Railway from damage. The thermal effect of sandy sediments which are held in place on the underlying permafrost is a key area of interest and the focus of this paper. A ground temperature investigation of the permafrost along the railway route was undertaken and results were related to the different mechanical control measures used to control moving sand which had resulted in varying sandy sediment thicknesses. The studies were conducted in the Hongliang River area of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau from June 2010 to September 2010 using thermistor sensors. The results showed that the permafrost ground temperature and its daily variation, as well as the thawing depth of the active layer, decreased after the setting‐up of sand movement controls which had resulted in the accumulation of thick sandy sediments within the outside fringe of sand‐control engineering, or a covering of thin sandy sediments within the inside trackside (fringe) of sand‐control engineering. Below the thick sandy sediment cover accumulated by sand‐blocking fences, the average maximum temperature decreased. Average temperature decreased and the average depth of seasonal thawing (average thinning) were 3·38°C, 0·54°C and 0·48 m, respectively. Below the thin sand sediment cover accumulated by the checkerboard sand barriers, the values for the same parameters were 1·02°C, 0·21°C and 0·5 m, respectively. This study found that the mechanical control of sand does not only protect the railway from obstruction, but also facilitates permafrost stability, which in turn can help promote safety in railway operations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The alterations in hepatic microcirculation and Kupffer cell activity after biliary drainage in jaundiced mice
Authors: Okaya Tomohisa , Nakagawa Koji , Kimura Fumio , Shimizu Hiroaki , Yoshidome Hiroyuki , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Kato Atsushi , Yoshitomi Hideyuki , Ito Hiroshi , Miyazaki Masaru 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground/purposeThe aim of this study is to examine the effects of biliary drainage on hepatic microcirculation and Kupffer cell activity in the liver with obstructive jaundice.MethodsCommon bile duct ligation and division was performed on C57BL/6 mice to induce obstructive jaundice. Seven or 14 days after surgery, some mice underwent biliary drainage. Three days after biliary drainage, sinusoidal perfusion, leukocyte rolling and sticking in the postsinusoidal venules, and the diameters of sinusoids containing blood flow were evaluated using intravital microscopy. Kupffer cell phagocytic activity was estimated as the ratio of Kupffer cells that phagocytosed fluorescent‐labeled particles to sinusoids containing blood flow.ResultsSinusoidal perfusion after biliary drainage was significantly increased compared with that in livers with obstructive jaundice, but remained decreased compared with controls. Although the number of rolling leukocytes and sticking leukocytes was significantly decreased, the diameters of sinusoids remained reduced, associated with an increase in Kupffer cell phagocytic activity compared with controls even after biliary drainage.ConclusionsLeukocyte—endothelial cell interaction is ameliorated but sinusoids remain narrowed due to swelling of activated Kupffer cells; this might cause deterioration of hepatic microcirculation during the early phase of biliary drainage.
Resilience and Stuttering: Factors That Protect People From the Adversity of Chronic Stuttering
Authors: Craig Ashley , Blumgart Elaine , Tran Yvonne 
Published: August 2011

Purpose
Chronic disorder can impose a significant negative mental health burden. This research was conducted to explore factors that may protect people from the adversity of chronic stuttering.

Method
The study employed a population group cohort design. Participants included 200 adults who have stuttered since childhood, and the sample was divided into those who were classified as resilient and nonresilient on the basis of their global psychopathology scores. Protective factor differences between the 2 groups were determined using multivariate analysis of variance and unique contributors to psychopathology were isolated using multiple regression.

Results
Factors that significantly distinguished between groups included superior levels of health status, social support, vitality and social functioning, fewer physical limitations, and a greater sense of self-efficacy. Three unique contributors to adaptive outcomes were found: self-efficacy, social support, and healthy social functioning.

Conclusions
A number of factors were isolated that potentially protect individuals with chronic stuttering from developing psychopathology. The findings provide a better understanding of how people cope with a chronic fluency disorder.
Integration of SNP genotyping confidence scores in IBD inference
Authors: Markus Barak , Birk Ohad S. , Geiger Dan 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Motivation: High-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays have become the standard platform for linkage and association analyses. The high SNP density of these platforms allows high-resolution identification of ancestral recombination events even for distant relatives many generations apart. However, such inference is sensitive to marker mistyping and current error detection methods rely on the genotyping of additional close relatives. Genotyping algorithms provide a confidence score for each marker call that is currently not integrated in existing methods. There is a need for a model that incorporates this prior information within the standard identical by descent (IBD) and association analyses.
Results: We propose a novel model that incorporates marker confidence scores within IBD methods based on the Lander–Green Hidden Markov Model. The novel parameter of this model is the joint distribution of confidence scores and error status per array. We estimate this probability distribution by applying a modified expectation-maximization (EM) procedure on data from nuclear families genotyped with Affymetrix 250K SNP arrays. The converged tables from two different genotyping algorithms are shown for a wide range of error rates. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method in refining the detection of IBD signals using nuclear pedigrees and distant relatives.
Availability: Plinke, a new version of Plink with an extended pairwise IBD inference model allowing per marker error probabilities is freely available at: http://bioinfo.bgu.ac.il/bsu/software/plinke.
Contact: obirk@bgu.ac.il; markusb@bgu.ac.il
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effect of Germination on Flavor Volatiles of Cooked Brown Rice
Authors: Wu Fengfeng , Yang Na , Chen Haiying , Jin Zhengyu , Xu Xueming 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe effect of germination on flavor volatiles of cooked brown rice among three different rice cultivars was investigated using the headspace solid‐phase microextraction method combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The results showed that some flavor compounds varied significantly throughout the germination process and others did not show distinct changes. The amount of total volatiles, most lipid‐oxidation products, and phenolic compounds decreased in the initial stage of germination but increased significantly at a later stage. The amounts of ethanol and ethyl acetate increased significantly in the initial stage of germination and maintained almost the same levels during further germination. The amount of dimethyl sulfide increased significantly during germination; it showed the most significant change among all volatile compounds.
Keep an Eye on PPi: The Vacuolar-Type H+-Pyrophosphatase Regulates Postgerminative Development inArabidopsis
Authors: Ferjani Ali , Segami Shoji , Horiguchi Gorou , Muto Yukari , Maeshima Masayoshi , Tsukaya Hirokazu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPostgerminative growth of seed plants requires specialized metabolism, such as gluconeogenesis, to support heterotrophic growth of seedlings until the functional photosynthetic apparatus is established. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana fugu5 mutant, which we show to be defective in AVP1 (vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase), failed to support heterotrophic growth after germination. We found that exogenous supplementation of Suc or the specific removal of the cytosolic pyrophosphate (PPi) by the heterologous expression of the cytosolic inorganic pyrophosphatase1 (IPP1) gene from budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) rescued fugu5 phenotypes. Furthermore, compared with the wild-type and AVP1Pro:IPP1 transgenic lines, hypocotyl elongation in the fugu5 mutant was severely compromised in the dark but recovered upon exogenous supply of Suc to the growth media. Measurements revealed that the peroxisomal β-oxidation activity, dry seed contents of storage lipids, and their mobilization were unaffected in fugu5. By contrast, fugu5 mutants contained ~2.5-fold higher PPi and ~50% less Suc than the wild type. Together, these results provide clear evidence that gluconeogenesis is inhibited due to the elevated levels of cytosolic PPi. This study demonstrates that the hydrolysis of cytosolic PPi, rather than vacuolar acidification, is the major function of AVP1/FUGU5 in planta. Plant cells optimize their metabolic function by eliminating PPi in the cytosol for efficient postembryonic heterotrophic growth.