bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of herbicide management on long‐term changes in the diversity and species composition of weed populations
Authors: GRUNDY A C , MEAD A , BOND W , CLARK G , BURSTON S 
Published: November 2010

GrundyAC,MeadA,BondW,ClarkG &BurstonS (2011). The impact of herbicide management on long‐term changes in the diversity and species composition of weed populations.Weed Research51, 187–200.SummaryField vegetable systems face challenges to maintain sustainable weed management, including a reduction in available herbicides and encouragement towards reduced tillage. In a 9‐year study, six herbicide products were compared, each at three rates, with a single product per plot. These were assessed in a minimal cultivation system designed to exert maximum pressure for change in weed populations, to assess for predictable changes in these populations. Weed density and species number declined with increasing herbicide rate, confirming that some species are able to survive in reduced rates. Pre‐emergence herbicides resulted in a larger number of species, greater species diversity and lower species dominance, compared with post‐emergence products. Species numbers increased over the first 6 years, with emergence periodicity coinciding with springtime soil disturbance. The number of species with ecological functional value increased in response to repeated use of single herbicide products. Observed species shifts illustrated complex responses to the combination of three separate drivers: changes in the dominant periodicity associated with tillage timing; a response to herbicide product and rate related to species susceptibility; and changes in community dynamics caused by variability in weather and the interaction with herbicide efficacy. Improved understanding of the effects on weed communities of the interactions between these drivers and the cropping system is essential in achieving a balance between sustainable weed management and the provision of ecological function.
Aspirin: Old drug, new uses and challenges*
Authors: Yeomans Neville D 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSalicylates have been used since antiquity to relieve pain and inflammation. However, it has been only in the last half century that evidence has emerged that aspirin causes reproducible acute and superficial injury to the gastric and duodenal mucosa, and is an important cause of complicated and uncomplicated peptic ulcer.Superficial damage to the mucosa occurs rapidly and reproducibly and acid and pepsin then produce a second wave of deeper injury. Most of the time this heals rapidly, but some focal deeper mucosal lesions (erosions) occur frequently and the point prevalence of frank ulcers in low dose aspirin users is around 10%.It is even more recently that aspirin's unique antiplatelet action has been recognized, with long‐lasting inhibition of platelet aggregation due to irreversible inactivation of the cyclooxygenase‐1 mediated production of thromboxane. It has now become the mainstay of pharmacological reduction of thrombotic risk in patients with cardiovascular diseases. In addition, evidence is accumulating about the cancer‐reducing effects of blocking cyclooxygenase in a number of tissues. For example, recent data indicate that even at a 75‐mg/day dose, it may reduce colorectal cancer risk after a lag of a year or so.Because of its widespread use for cardiovascular protection, aspirin is now one of the most frequently prescribed drugs—and gastroenterologists regularly need to deal with its ulcerative complications along the whole length of the gastrointestinal tract. Strategies that can be used to reduce these risks include using the lowest effective aspirin dose and co‐prescribing acid suppressants.
Prosthetic joint infection: challenges of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Peel Trisha N. , Buising Kirsty L. , Choong Peter F. M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractArthroplasty for arthritis has led to remarkable improvement in patient quality of life and alleviation of symptoms. A major complication of this surgery is infection. This review examines current understanding of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of prosthetic joint infections. In particular, this article focuses on the role of biofilm formation in the pathogenesis of device infections and the diagnostic and treatment challenges associated with this process.
Is sekentei associated with attitudes toward use of care services?: Multilevel analysis in Japan
Authors: Murayama Hiroshi , Taguchi Atsuko , Ryu Shuhei , Nagata Satoko , Murashima Sachiyo 
Published: November 2010

Aim:  To examine the relationship between individual and regional levels of sekentei and attitudes toward care services in the general Japanese population.Methods:  A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in January and February 2005 using a mailed‐in self‐administered questionnaire. Participants were 4735 community residents aged 20–75 years living in 23 regions in the city of Koka in Shiga Prefecture. Questions encompassed demographic data, attitudes toward the use of formal care services and the Sekentei Scale. The regional variable of sekentei was constructed by aggregating the individual sekentei scores within elementary school districts. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between individual and regional sekentei and attitudes toward care services.Results:  A total of 2264 questionnaires were analyzed. Approximately 16% of respondents were willing to use formal care services. Multilevel analysis showed that lower individual sekentei was associated with the willingness to use formal care services among both men and women (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93–0.99 in men; OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92–1.00 in women). Among men, the negative association between regional sekentei and the willingness to use formal care services was marginally significant (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.48–1.01) as was the interaction between individual and regional sekentei levels.Conclusion:  These results indicate the importance of assessing not only the individual sekentei level but also the sekentei level in different regions to develop strategies for the allocation of care resources. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 11: 166–173.
The accrual anomaly: Australian evidence
Authors: Clinch Greg , Fuller Damian , Govendir Brett , Wells Peter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper investigates whether there is evidence of the accrual anomaly (Sloan, 1996) in Australia, whereby investors overestimate the impact of accruals on the persistence of earnings. While our results provide general support for the existence of the anomaly in Australia, there are a number of idiosyncrasies. First, there is evidence of Australian investors underestimating the persistence of earnings. Second, there is evidence of investors incorrectly assessing the implications of accruals and cash flows for the persistence of earnings (i.e. an accrual anomaly and a cash‐flow anomaly). Third, returns to a hedged portfolio trading strategy based on reported accruals are decreasing over the three‐year period subsequent to portfolio formation. Furthermore, they are statistically significant only in the first year. Additional analysis of the hedge portfolio results indicates that these results are primarily attributable to a limited number of firm‐year observations in the extreme positive tail of returns.
The First Step of the Capital Flow from Institutions to Entrepreneurs: the Criteria for Sorting Venture Capital Funds
Authors: Groh Alexander Peter , von Liechtenstein Heinrich 
Published: November 2010

Abstract We contribute to the knowledge of the capital flow from institutional investors via venture capital (VC) funds as intermediaries to their final destination, entrepreneurial ventures. To this end, we conduct a world‐wide survey among limited partners to determine the importance of several criteria when they select VC funds. We find the top criteria to be the expected deal flow and access to transactions, a VC fund's historic track record, his local market experience, the match of the experience of team members with the proposed investment strategy, the team's reputation, and the mechanisms proposed to align interest between the investors and the VC funds. A principal component analysis reveals three latent drivers in the selection process: ‘Local Expertise and Incentive Structure’, ‘Investment Strategy and Expected Implementation’, and ‘Prestige/Standing vs. Cost’. It becomes evident that limited partners search for teams which are able to implement a certain strategy at a given cost. Thereby, they focus on an incentive structure that limits agency costs.
Selecting Your Inflation Targeters: Background and Performance of Monetary Policy Committee Members
Authors: Farvaque Etienne , Stanek Piotr , Hammadou Hakim 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
This paper starts by describing the composition of monetary policy committees (MPCs) in inflation-targeting and non-targeting countries. The experience of MPC members on their inflation performance is then compared, opposing inflation targeters with non-targeters. Our sample covers the major Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries, in the period 1999-2008. Our results first show that MPCs are different in inflation-targeting (versus non-targeting) countries. They also reveal that policy-makers’ backgrounds influence inflation, and that the influence of MPCs’ experience is much greater in inflation-targeting countries, while size effects are more important for committees that do not target inflation.
Investigation of adhesion of modern wound dressings: a comparative analysis of 56 different wound dressings
Authors: Klode J. , Schöttler L. , Stoffels I. , Körber A. , Schadendorf D. , Dissemond J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIntroduction  In the process of chronic wound care, adhesive wound dressings may cause pain and injury in the wound environment during dressing changes. At present, no standardized test procedures are available for the investigation of adhesion of wound dressings. Therefore, our study aimed to test the adhesion of different wound dressings on steel as well as on healthy skin.Methods  Within an open, comparative study, the adhesive areas of 56 wound dressings were investigated. The adhesives were categorized into acrylate (n = 23), silicone (n = 9), hydrocolloid (n = 17) and polyurethane groups (n = 7). Using an especially modified testing machine, the adhesion of the wound dressings was measured on steel as well as on the skin of healthy study participants, in compliance with the European EN 1939:2003 standard.Results  The energy required to remove the wound dressings from human skin, was measured in Newton (N) and the following median values were obtained: hydrocolloid (2.25 N) > acrylate (1.14 N) > polyurethane (0.9 N) > silicone (0.7 N). The subjective pain intensity during the removal of the wound dressings was recorded using the visual analogue scale (VAS) with values ranging from 0 to 10. For hydrocolloid, it was 6.8, for acrylate 4.9, for polyurethane 3.1 and for silicone 2.5 points VAS. In comparison with human skin, the adhesion of wound dressings was significantly higher on steel (P < 0.0001), but was different for the different groups of wound dressings. Moreover, there was a statistically significant correlation between the adhesion and pain intensity (correlation coefficient 0.806; P = 0.01).Conclusion  The knowledge about the widely differing adhesion properties of different wound dressings on the skin of patients should nowadays be considered during the individual selection of the applied products. Based on these data, different types of wound dressings could be developed, guaranteeing a good adhesion and a low traumatic risk when removed.
Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and Public Health Implications
Authors: Ford Alexander C. , Axon Anthony T. R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article summarizes the published literature concerning the epidemiology and public health implications of Helicobacter pylori infection published from April 2009 through March 2010. Prevalence of infection varied between 7 and 87% and was lower in European studies. All retrieved studies examining transmission of infection concluded that spread is from person‐to‐person. One study collecting stool and vomitus samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis detected H. pylori DNA in 88% of vomitus and 74% of stool samples. Proposed risk factors for infection included male gender, increasing age, shorter height, tobacco use, lower socioeconomic status, obesity, and lower educational status of the parents in studies conducted among children. Decision analysis models suggest preventing acquisition of H. pylori, via vaccination in childhood, could be cost‐effective and may reduce incidence of gastric cancer by over 40%. As yet, no country has adopted public health measures to treat infected individuals or prevent infection in populations at risk.
Challenges and Opportunities in Advancing Models of Care for Older Adults: An Assessment of the National Institute on Aging Research Portfolio
Authors: Liggins Charlene , Pryor Lisa , Bernard Marie A. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVES: To identify existing projects supported by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) that may relate to the recommendations for models of care (MOCs) presented in the 2008 Institute of Medicine Report, Retooling for an Aging America: Building the Healthcare Workforce.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional analysis of NIA's grant portfolio.SETTING: NIA.PARTICIPANTS: NIA grantees.MEASUREMENTS: NIA's grant portfolio was queried for the period 1999 to 2008 using a variety of search terms related to MOCs. Inclusion criteria were adherence to guiding principles for MOCs (comprehensive care, efficient care, older person as an active partner) or focus on innovative feature(s) of MOCs (interdisciplinary care, care management, chronic disease self‐management, pharmaceutical management, preventive home visits, proactive rehabilitation, transitional care). Exclusion criteria were lack of focus on an intervention and focus on informal caregivers. Expert NIA staff reviewed and validated projects.RESULTS: One hundred thirty‐five grants were identified. These grants represent fewer than 1% of the approximate number of grants NIA has funded over this same period of time (∼24,000 grants). Forty‐four percent focused on components of comprehensive care and 34% on active involvement of older adults. Approximately half specifically focused on innovative features of MOCs, ranging from chronic disease self‐management (32%) and proactive rehabilitation (26%) to preventive home visits (1%) and transitional care (1%). The majority of projects were investigator‐initiated grants (46%).CONCLUSION: NIA has supported the development of many interventions that include components of MOCs related to recommendations from the IOM report. The challenge for the future will be determining which of the many components of comprehensive care systems are most effective for which subsets of the elderly population and assessing opportunities for enhanced collaboration between public and private aging research stakeholders.
AMD3100 is a potent antagonist at CXCR4R334X, a hyperfunctional mutant chemokine receptor and cause of WHIM syndrome
Authors: McDermott David H. , Lopez Joseph , Deng Francis , Liu Qian , Ojode Teresa , Chen Haoqian , Ulrick Jean , Kwatemaa Nana , Kelly Corin , Anaya‐O’Brien Sandra , Garofalo Mary , Marquesen Martha , Hilligoss Dianne , DeCastro Rosamma , Malech Harry L. , Murphy Philip M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWHIM is an acronym for a rare immunodeficiency syndrome (OMIM #193670) caused by autosomal dominant mutations truncating the C‐terminus of the chemokine receptor CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). WHIM mutations may potentiate CXCR4 signalling, suggesting that the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved CXCR4 antagonist AnorMED3100 (AMD3100) (also known as Plerixafor) may be beneficial in WHIM syndrome. We have tested this at the preclinical level by comparing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and K562 cell lines matched for expression of recombinant wild‐type CXCR4 (CXCR4WT) and the most common WHIM variant of CXCR4 (CXCR4R334X), as well as leucocytes from a WHIM patient with the CXCR4R334X mutation versus healthy controls. We found that CXCR4R334X mediated modestly increased signalling (∼2‐fold) in all functional assays tested, but strongly resisted ligand‐dependent down‐regulation. AMD3100 was equipotent and equieffective as an antagonist at CXCR4R334X and CXCR4WT. Together, our data provide further evidence that CXCR4R334X is a gain‐of‐function mutation, and support clinical evaluation of AMD3100 as mechanism‐based treatment in patients with WHIM syndrome.
Creating ‘Alternative Geographies’: Religion, Transnationalism and Everyday Life
Authors: Sheringham Olivia 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article explores an emerging body of research within geography that has engaged with religion and spirituality, as well as the important theoretical and empirical contributions of geographers to ‘transnational studies’ within migration research. It argues for the importance of exploring these two fields as interrelated, suggesting some potentially fruitful avenues of inquiry for geographers. It considers how, while geographers and transnational scholars have begun to foreground religious themes, there is little geographical work that brings these two important areas of research together. Thus, there exist few examples of research within geography that consider the religious dimensions of transnational practices and processes, or the transnational dimensions of geographies of religion. The article highlights the potential insights that could be gained from more engagement across these areas of enquiry, including a framework for analysing geographies of religion, transnationalism and everyday life.
Edible Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) Extract Inhibits Melanosis in Kuruma Shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus)
Authors: Encarnacion Angel B. , Fagutao Fernand , Hirayama Jinto , Terayama Makoto , Hirono Ikuo , Ohshima Toshiaki 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  This study compared the potential of an aqueous extract of an edible mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) to prevent melanosis in cultured Kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) with other antimelanosic compounds in vivo. The mushroom extract contained 9.1 mg/mL ergothioneine (ESH). Immersion of live full‐grown shrimp in a 0.5% w/v solution of mushroom extract significantly reduced PPO activity in shrimp hemolymph. In addition, expression of the prophenoloxidase (proPO) gene decreased in hemocytes, suggesting that the extract blocked the activation of the proPO cascade. Consequently, the development of melanosis in the treated shrimp was significantly suppressed during ice storage. Treatment with a 0.05% w/v solution of sodium ascorbate and 4‐hexyl‐1,3‐benzenediol had the same effect. In vitro experiments showed that ESH effectively inhibited PPO activity and activation of the proPO cascade in hemocyte lysate supernatant. This study suggests that in vivo application of F. velutipes mushroom extract is an effective natural alternative to synthetic antimelanosic agents to inhibit postmortem melanosis in shrimp.Practical Application:  The extract of an edible mushroom (F. velutipes) containing ergothioneine can be a promising natural alternative to synthetic antimelanosic agents used to prevent postharvest melanosis in shrimp and other crustaceans. Furthermore, utilization of the mushroom trimmings could also help address the growing concerns on the disposal of such agricultural wastes and instead use it into a novel purpose as a source of antimelanosic and antioxidants for food and industrial application.
Retail Display Evaluation of Steaks from Select Beef Strip Loins Injected with a Brine Containing 1% Ammonium Hydroxide. Part 1: Fluid Loss, Oxidation, Color, and Microbial Plate Counts
Authors: Parsons A.N. , VanOverbeke D.L. , Goad C.L. , Mireles DeWitt C.A. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract:  Select beef loin pairs (n= 10) were injected (10% pump) with brine containing either 4.5% sodium‐based phosphates, (CON), or 1% ammonium hydroxide treatment (AHT). Both brines also contained 3.6% NaCl and 1% Rosemary Herbalox. Steaks cut from loins were high oxygen (80% O2/20% CO2) modified atmosphere packaged, stored 4 d at 4 °C in the dark to simulate transportation, and then placed in retail display for 14 d (4 °C). On day 0, 7, and 14 of retail display steak properties were measured. Purge from AHT steaks was higher than CON (P < 0.05). Panelists were not able to visually discriminate between AHT and CON steaks through the first 6 d of retail display. After day 6, panelists rated AHT steaks higher for muscle color, percent discoloration, and overall color. Steaks from both treatments started at day 0 retail display with similar total plate counts (P > 0.05). Microbial counts increased more rapidly for AHT steaks than CON steaks (P < 0.05). AHT and CON steaks were not different in terms of lipid oxidation through day 7 retail display. By day 14 retail display CON steaks were above the threshold for consumer perception of oxidized flavors in fresh meat. However, results also indicated the AHT and CON steaks were no longer acceptable by day 14 in terms of color, were questionable in terms of microbial load, and likely were beyond their reasonable shelf life. Based on retail display properties, results indicated 1% AHT could successfully replace 4.5% SP in a meat injection brine.Practical Application:  The research in this report compares steaks that have been injected with a commercial brine formulated with SP to steaks that have been injected with a brine, where the SP in the formulation are replaced with 1% AHT. Ammonium hydroxide is an USDA‐FSIS approved ingredient in brines injected into fresh meats. Successful replacement of sodium phosphate with ammonium hydroxide would allow processors to significantly reduce the sodium content of injected fresh meat.
Theoretical and
Experimental Study on a Porous Cylinder Floating in
Waves
Authors: Zhao Fenfang , Bao Weiguang , Kinoshita Takeshi , Itakura Hiroshi 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In the present work, theoretical and experimental studies on the interaction of water waves with a truncated circular cylinder were performed. The cylinder, which is partly made of porous materials, possesses a porous sidewall and an impermeable bottom. A nondimensional parameter b is adopted in the theoretic formulation to describe the porosity, which is not directly related to the opening ratio τ of the porous materials. To validate the theoretical work and computed results, a series of model tests are carried out in a wave basin. Effort is made to establish an empirical relation between b and τ based on the comparison of the calculation and experimental data. The phenomenon of the sloshing mode that occurred at a certain wave number is observed, which might have an application in breakwaters. The validation of the Haskind relations is examined for the porous body. It is found that the damping coefficient consists of two parts. In addition to the component of conventional wave-radiating damping, there exists a second component caused by the porous effects.