bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemotypification of Astrantia major L. (Apiaceae): Essential‐Oil and Lignan Profiles of Fruits
Authors: Radulović Niko S. , Mladenović Marko Z. , Ðorđević Nevenka D. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe fruit essential oils of two populations of Astrantia major L. (Apiaceae, subfamily Saniculoideae) were analyzed in detail by GC and GC/MS analyses. Seventy‐six constituents identified accounted for 92.7–94.0% of the oils. The two oils differed significantly: the wild‐growing population from Serbia contained zingiberene (47.9%), β‐bisabolene (9.7%), and β‐sesquiphellandrene (7.9%), while the one from Poland (botanical gardens) was sesquiterpene‐poor with the major contributors oleic acid (38.6%), nonacosane (15.4%), and linoleic acid (5.1%). Motivated by the unresolved taxonomical relations between the Saniculoideae and Apioideae subfamilies, we performed multivariate statistical analyses on the compositional data of these A. major samples, and additional 14 Saniculoideae and 31 Apioideae taxa. This allowed us to assess the chemotaxonomical usefulness of such chemical data in differentiating taxa from these two Apiaceae subfamilies and to corroborate the existence of at least two A. major chemotypes. Diethyl ether extracts of the two samples of A. major fruits yielded seven diaryltetrahydrofurofurano lignans. Except for eudesmin that has been found for the first time in a Saniculoideae taxon, all other lignans (magnolin, epimagnolins A and B, epieudesmin, yangambin, and epiyangambin) are new for the entire plant family Apiaceae. The lignan profiles also supported the existence of two separate A. major chemotypes.
Influence of Mannosylation on Immunostimulating Activity of Adamant‐1‐yl Tripeptide
Authors: Ribić Rosana , Habjanec Lidija , Frkanec Ruža , Vranešić Branka , Tomić Srđanka 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe mannosylated derivative of adamant‐1‐yl tripeptide (D‐(Ad‐1‐yl)Gly‐L‐Ala‐D‐isoGln) was prepared to study the effects of mannosylation on adjuvant (immunostimulating) activity. Mannosylated adamant‐1‐yl tripeptide (Man‐OCH2CH(Me)CO‐D‐(Ad‐1‐yl)Gly‐L‐Ala‐D‐isoGln) is a non‐pyrogenic, H2O‐soluble, and non‐toxic compound. Adjuvant activity of mannosylated adamantyl tripeptide was tested in the mouse model with ovalbumin as an antigen and in comparison to the parent tripeptide and peptidoglycan monomer (PGM, β‐D‐GlcNAc‐(1→4)‐D‐MurNAc‐L‐Ala‐D‐isoGln‐mesoDAP(εNH2)‐D‐Ala‐D‐Ala), a well‐known effective adjuvant. The mannosylation of adamantyl tripeptide caused the amplification of its immunostimulating activity in such a way that it was comparable to that of PGM.
Influence of Salt Concentration and Nitrogen Source on Growth and Productivity of Anaerobiosprillum succiniciproducens
Authors: Bretz K. , Kabasci S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe influence of salts and organic nitrogen sources on the growth and acid production of Anaerobiosprillum succiniciproducens was studied. In shake flask experiments, maximum specific growth rate and acid production increased by reducing the salt concentration. Additionally, growth and acid production were affected by the type of organic nitrogen source and by the pH value. Through the optimization, optical density could be increased from 1.9 ± 0.1 to 3.0 ± 0.1 and succinic acid concentration from 4.0 ± 0.2 to 6.5 ± 0.1 g L–1. In fed‐batch experiments with the optimized medium, the final succinic acid concentration was 25.6 % higher compared to the reference. Also, the succinic acid/acetic acid ratio was affected by the optimization. The experimental results indicated that A. succiniciproducens consumed only organic nitrogen sources because growth and productivity were not influenced by the addition of ammonium sulfate.
Mechanical Stability of Structured Packings
Authors: Ausner Ilja , Keller Thomas 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSeit Jahrzehnten sind die strukturierten Packungen aus Destillations‐ und Absorptionsprozessen nicht mehr wegzudenken. Verbesserungen in Kapazität und Effizienz trugen zum Erfolg der strukturierten Packungen bei und sind auch heute noch Ziel weiterer Produktentwicklungen. Allerdings wird seither auch immer wieder die mechanische Stabilität im Hinblick auf Langlebigkeit der Packung diskutiert und gefragt, wie hoch ein Packungsbett bei welcher Materialdicke gebaut werden könnte. Dieser Beitrag stellt Methoden vor, mit denen die mechanische Stabilität von Packungen bestimmt werden kann, um so die Frage nach der möglichen Packungsbetthöhe zu beantworten.
Novel Steroidal (6R)‐Spiro‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoline Derivatives as Anti‐bacterial Agents
Authors: Khan Salman A. , Asiri Abdullah M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNovel steroidal (6R)‐spiro‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoline derivatives have been synthesized by the cyclization of steroidal thiosemicarbazones. Thiosemicarbazones have been synthesized by the reaction of steroidal ketones with thiosemicarbazide. All the compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR, mass and elemental analyses. The antibacterial activities of these compounds have been first tested in vitro by the disk diffusion assay against two Gram‐positive and two Gram‐negative bacteria, and then the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values have been determined with the reference of standard drug amoxicillin. The results showed that steroidal thiadiazoline derivatives exhibited better antibacterial activity than the steroidal thiosemicarbazone derivatives. Chloro and acetoxy substituents on the 3β‐position of the steroidal thiadiazoline ring increased the anti‐bacterial activity. Among all the compounds, compounds 7 and 8 were found better inhibitors as compared to the respective drug amoxicillin.
Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones with Primary Amines by Using Lithium Amidoborane as Reducing Reagent
Authors: Xu Weiliang , Zheng Xueli , Wu Guotao , Chen Ping 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA variety of secondary amines were obtained in high isolated yields in the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones by using lithium amidoborane as reducing agent. Compared to ammonia borane, lithium amidoborane has higher reducibility, and thus, exhibits faster reaction rate.
An Optic/Proton Dual‐Controlled Fluorescence Switch based on Novel Photochromic Bithienylethene Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Jin Jiayu , Zhang Junji , Zou Lei 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA simple method for the synthesis of new bithienylethenes bearing a functional group on the cyclopentene moiety is developed. Three new photochromic compounds (4a, 4b, 4c) have been successfully synthesized through this simple method, and exhibit good photochromic properties with alternate irradiation of ultraviolet and visible light. Furthermore, the ?uorescence of compound 4a, which bears a quinoline unit on the cyclopentene, can be modulated via optic and proton dual inputs. Upon excitation by 320 nm light, 4a emits a strong ?uorescence at 404 nm. After irradiation with 254 nm light, the emission intensity is reduced due to the ?uorescence resonance energy transfers (FRET) from quinoline unit to bithienylethene unit. Moreover, on addition of H+, the fluorescence is quenched completely due to the protonation of the quinoline. In addition, both the FRET and protonation process are reversible, which indicates a potential application in molecular switches and logic gates.
Synthesis of a Phenylhydrazone‐based Colorimetric Anion Sensor with Complementary IMP/INH Logic Functions
Authors: Uahengo Veikko , Xiong Bi , Zhou Nana , Cai Ping , Hu Kai , Cheng Gongzhen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA dinitrophenyl hydrazone colorimetric anion sensor (receptor 1) was synthesized and its recognition properties towards various anions were investigated by naked eye observation and spectroscopic methods, namely UV‐vis and 1H NMR titrations in DMSO. The addition of AcO−, F− and H2PO4− to receptor 1 resulted in marked red shift of the charge‐transfer absorbance band (Δλ=91 nm, 407 nm to 498 nm) concomitant with a 'naked‐eye' detectable colour change from yellow to pink. However, both the colour and spectral changes were reversible by the addition of cations (MII) of 3d5‐10 as well as CdII, HgII, MgII and CaII. Subsequently, complementary IMP/INH logic functions based on colour and spectral switching (ON/OFF) were affirmed. The sensor can, thus be utilized as a colorimetric molecular switch modulated by F−/MII.
Rapid Detection of Irreversible Acetylcholineasterase Inhibitor by Mass Spectrometry Assay
Authors: Cai Tingting , Zhang Li , Wang Rong , Liang Chen , Zhao Wusheng , Fu Defeng , Zhang Yurong , Guo Yinlong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHere we developed a rapid method to detect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (MALDI‐FTMS) for screening irreversible AChE inhibitors. Due to its good salt‐tolerance and low sample consumption, MALDI‐FTMS could facilitate rapid detection, especially detection in real application. AChE activity was determined through calculating abundance of substrate and product in mass spectrometry. By this approach, we investigated the relation of organophosphorous (OP) concentrations and AChE inhibition. Shown in different inhibition curves from different OP pesticides, enzyme inhibitions still kept good correlation with concentration of OPs. Finally, this AChE‐inhibited method was applied to screen whole bloods of four decedents and discuss their death reason. In contrast to healthy persons, three of decedents showed low AChE activity, and probably died for irreversible AChE inhibitors. Through the following detecting in GC‐MS/MS, the possible death reason of these three decedents was confirmed, and another decedent actually died for sumicidin, a non‐AChE inhibitor. It demonstrated that screening irreversible AChE inhibitors by detecting enzyme activity in MALDI‐FTMS provided fast and accurate analysis results and excluded another toxicants not functioning on AChE. This method offered alternative choices for indicating the existence of enzyme inhibitors.
Cocaine Detection in Blood Serum Using Aptamer Biosensor on Gold Nanoparticles and Progressive Dilution
Authors: Ge Jing , Liu Zhaofang , Zhao Xin Sheng 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTo fight against the illegal usage of cocaine it is necessary to develop various analytical methodologies. We report here an aptamer‐based biosensor for the determination of cocaine using gold nanoparticles as the fluorescence quencher. By employing the progressive dilution (PD) strategy, simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of cocaine in blood serum was achieved without pretreatment of the sample. The method described in this paper offers significant improvement in the detection accuracy and can be used to quantify cocaine levels in complex biological samples such as serum with a simple procedure.
A Novel Metal‐free Reductive Esterification of N‐Tosylhydrazones with Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Zhou Ankun , Wu Lei , Li Dazhi , Chen Qingqing , Zhang Xiao , Xia Wujiong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA novel method for the synthesis of esters via reductive coupling of N‐tosylhydrazones with carboxylic acids under metal‐free conditions has been developed. Various functional groups were found to be tolerable under the reaction conditions to afford low to good yields.
Polar opposites: Fine‐tuning cytokinesis through SIN asymmetry
Authors: Johnson Alyssa E. , McCollum Dannel , Gould Kathleen L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMitotic exit and cell division must be spatially and temporally integrated to facilitate equal division of genetic material between daughter cells. In the fission yeast,Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a spindle pole body (SPB) localized signaling cascade termed the septation initiation network (SIN) couples mitotic exit with cytokinesis. The SIN is controlled at many levels to ensure that cytokinesis is executed once per cell cycle and only after cells segregate their DNA. An interesting facet of the SIN is that its activity is asymmetric on the two SPBs during anaphase; however, how and why the SIN is asymmetric has remained elusive. Many key factors controlling SIN asymmetry have now been identified, shedding light on the significance of SIN asymmetry in regulating cytokinesis. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of SIN regulation, with an emphasis on how SIN asymmetry is achieved and how this aspect of SIN regulation fine‐tunes cytokinesis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Phase 3, randomized, placebo‐controlled study of zibotentan (ZD4054) in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer metastatic to bone
Authors: Nelson Joel B. , Fizazi Karim , Miller Kurt , Higano Celestia , Moul Judd W. , Akaza Hideyuki , Morris Thomas , McIntosh Stuart , Pemberton Kristine , Gleave Martin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Endothelin‐1 and the endothelin A (ETA) receptor have been implicated in prostate cancer progression in bone. This study aimed to determine whether the specific ETA receptor antagonist, zibotentan, prolonged overall survival (OS) in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases who were pain‐free or mildly symptomatic for pain.METHODS:Patients were randomized 1:1 to zibotentan 10 mg/day or placebo, plus standard prostate cancer treatment. The primary endpoint was OS. Secondary endpoints included times to pain progression, chemotherapy use, new bone metastases, and safety. Efficacy endpoints were analyzed using a log‐rank test.RESULTS:A total of 594 patients were randomized (zibotentan, n = 299; placebo, n = 295). Median OS was 24.5 months in zibotentan‐treated patients versus 22.5 months for placebo, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95.2% confidence interval, 0.69‐1.10; P = .240). No statistically significant differences were observed for any secondary efficacy endpoints. Peripheral edema (44%) and headache (31%) were the most commonly reported adverse events in the zibotentan group. Cardiac failure events were higher in the zibotentan group than placebo (any grade, 5.7% and 1.7%; Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade ≥3, 3.0% and 1.0%, respectively); these were manageable and reversible.CONCLUSIONS:In this large, randomized, placebo‐controlled phase 3 trial, treatment with zibotentan 10 mg/day did not lead to a statistically significant improvement in OS in this patient population. Zibotentan had an acceptable safety profile. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Clinical pattern and associations of oxaliplatin acute neurotoxicity
Authors: Argyriou Andreas A. , Cavaletti Guido , Briani Chiara , Velasco Roser , Bruna Jordi , Campagnolo Marta , Alberti Paola , Bergamo Francesca , Cortinovis Diego , Cazzaniga Marina , Santos Cristina , Papadimitriou Konstantinos , Kalofonos Haralabos P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of the current prospective, multicenter, international study was to trace the incidence and severity of acute oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy (OXLIPN) and to determine its clinical pattern. The authors also specifically tested whether patients who had more symptoms of acute OXLIPN eventually would develop a more severe chronic, cumulative form of OXLIPN.METHODS:One hundred seventy patients (mean ± standard deviation age, 63.7 ± 8.7 years) who were scheduled to receive either combined leucovorin, 5‐fluoruracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) or combined capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) for metastatic colorectal cancer were monitored prospectively at baseline and were followed in 4 European sites. The incidence of hyperexcitability symptoms secondary to acute OXLIPN was assessed by using a descriptive questionnaire (yes/no question) at each clinical evaluation. Motor and neurosensory criteria according to version 3 of the National Cancer Institute's Common Toxicity Criteria were applied to clinically grade the severity of OXLIPN.RESULTS:Acute OXLIPN was present in 146 of 170 patients (85.9%). The vast majority of these patients manifested cold‐induced perioral (95.2%) or pharyngolaryngeal (91.8%) dysesthesias. Severe acute OXLIPN that required prolongation of oxaliplatin infusion from 2 hours to 4 to 6 hours occurred in 32 of 146 patients (21.9%). The increased number of acute OXLIPN symptoms was correlated significantly (Spearman rho correlation coefficient [r]) with both the development (r = 0.602; P < .001) and the degree of the chronic, cumulative form (r = 0.702; P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that the vast majority of patients with colorectal cancer who receive oxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy will manifest symptoms of a transient acute syndrome soon after oxaliplatin administration. Patients who have a more complex combination of acute phenomena related to axonal hyperexcitability are those who eventually develop more severe OXLIPN. Therefore, it may be advisable to test agents against acute OXLIPN to verify their effects on the chronic form. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Potential pitfalls of needle tract effects on repeat thyroid fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Recavarren Rosemary A. , Houser Patricia M. , Yang Jack 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a screening and diagnostic tool used in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. Its use has resulted in an increase in the ratio of malignant versus benign thyroid nodules undergoing surgical excision. However, the FNA procedure produces some histological and cytologic alterations, which may lead to misinterpretation on repeat FNA. The goal of the current study was to characterize FNA‐induced morphological alterations and their potential influence on interpretations in repeat FNA specimens.METHOD:Thyroidectomy specimens that had benign histological diagnoses and for which previous FNA specimens were available were retrieved. The FNA‐induced histological alterations were evaluated and grouped based on the interval between the FNA procedure and surgical excision. Repeat thyroid FNA specimens with a cytologic diagnosis of “atypical cells/follicular lesion” were reviewed. Worrisome cytologic features that might occur after the previous FNA procedure were discussed.RESULTS:Needle tracts were identified in 68 of the 96 thyroidectomy specimens studied. FNA‐induced histological alterations included hemorrhage, granulation, exuberant fibroblastic reaction, reactive follicular cells, infarction, and scarring. The presence of plump endothelial cells, myofibroblasts, and, particularly, reactive follicular cells with nuclear grooving and nuclear clearing are potential pitfalls in repeat FNA and these changes are reported to peak within 20 to 40 days after the FNA procedure. Sixteen of 152 repeat FNA cases were diagnosed as atypical cells/follicular lesion, and FNA‐induced changes might have contributed to the diagnosis in 2 of these 16 cases.CONCLUSIONS:Cytologists should be aware of atypical cellular changes caused by previous FNA procedures. Although uncommon, these changes may become potential pitfalls in the cytologic diagnosis of repeat thyroid FNA specimens. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Queuing analyses and statistically bounded delay control for two‐hop green wireless relay transmissions
Authors: Du Qinghe , Zhang Chao 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYAlthough the wireless relay transmission has been recognized as one of the effective approaches in extending the coverage area and improving the network capacity, the delay control over the two‐hop wireless channels toward end users’ QoS satisfaction is still challenging in green wireless network designs. In this paper, we propose the QoS‐driven delay control schemes over two‐hop wireless relay links to statistically upper bound the total queuing delay for the decode‐and‐forward relay transmissions. Specifically, we first conduct asymptotic queuing‐delay analyses for the relay transmissions. Then, we show that an efficient approach for statistical delay guarantees is to make the exponentially decaying speed of the complementary cumulative distribution functions of the queueing delay at both hops identical. We further derive that this target needs to be attained through asymmetric resource allocations over the two hops. Motivated by this fact, we formulate two optimization problems aiming at satisfying the specified delay‐bound violation probability for the relay transmission, while minimizing the power consumption toward green wireless networking. One framework is for the frequency‐division duplex relay mode and the other is for time‐division duplex relay mode. In the frequency‐division duplex relay mode, the source and relay nodes use a different transmit power. For the time‐division duplex relay mode, the source and relay nodes use time‐slots with different length but with the same instantaneous power. We solve for the optimal solutions for both of the aforementioned frameworks. Also conducted is a set of simulation results to show the impact of the QoS requirements, traffic load, and position of the relay node on the resource allocation over wireless relay links. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Runtime failure rate targeting for energy‐efficient reliability in chip microprocessors
Authors: Miller Timothy , Surapaneni Nagarjuna , Teodorescu Radu 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYTechnology scaling is having an increasingly detrimental effect on microprocessor reliability, with increased variability and higher susceptibility to errors. At the same time, as integration of chip multiprocessors increases, power consumption is becoming a significant bottleneck. To ensure continued performance, growth of microprocessors requires development of powerful and energy‐efficient solutions to reliability challenges. This paper presents a reliable multicore architecture that provides targeted error protection by adapting to the characteristics of individual cores and workloads, with the goal of providing reliability with minimum energy. The user can specify an acceptable reliability target for each chip, core, or application. The system then adjusts a range of parameters, including replication and supply voltage, to meet that reliability goal. In this multicore architecture, each core consists of a pair of pipelines that can run independently (running separate threads) or in concert (running the same thread and verifying results). Redundancy is enabled selectively, at functional unit granularity. The architecture also employs timing speculation for mitigation of variation‐induced timing errors and to reduce the power overhead of error protection. On‐line control based on machine learning dynamically adjusts multiple parameters to minimize energy consumption. Evaluation shows that dynamic adaptation of voltage and redundancy can reduce the energy delay product of a chip multiprocessor by 30 − 60% compared with static dual modular redundancy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic neutrophil nucleus lobe counting based on graph representation of region skeleton
Authors: Qiao Guohui , Zong Guanghua , Sun Minglei , Wang Jianzhong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAbnormal neutrophil nucleus lobation (like left shift and right shift) helps to diagnose for some clinical conditions. Currently, quantification of it depends on the manual microscopic inspection of blood smears by clinicians. The quality of the manual inspection is extremely limited by the efficiency of clinicians and their medical background. This article proposed an automatic lobe counting method based on the graph representation of the nucleus region skeletons. Skeletons of the segmented nucleus regions are computed by augmented Fast Marching Method and transformed into plane graphs. Then the nucleus lobes are split based on the extracted graph properties including width distribution along the skeleton and graph structure decomposition. Experiments show that the proposed method could efficiently approaches the real lobe numbers in blood smears and reliably distinguish the stabs from the segmented neutrophils, thus it should be helpful in automatic neutrophil lobe number quantification and abnormal lobation diagnosis. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry