bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete ephrin‐B1 expression by specific layers of the primate retinogeniculostriate system continues throughout postnatal and adult life
Authors: Teo Leon , Homman‐Ludiye Jihane , Rodger Jennifer , Bourne James A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe molecular guidance cue ephrin‐B1 has traditionally been associated with the early development of the visual system, encompassing retinocollicular mapping as well as development and maturation of synapses. Although little is known about its role in the visual system during the postnatal period and in adulthood, recent studies have demonstrated the expression of ephrin‐B1 in the adult mouse brain, indicating a sustained role beyond early development. Therefore, we explored the spatiotemporal expression of ephrin‐B1 in the postnatal and adult nonhuman primate visual system and demonstrated that a modulated expression continued following birth into adulthood in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and primary visual cortex (V1, striate cortex). This occurred in the layers involved in bidirectional geniculostriate communication: layers 3Bβ, 4, and 6 of V1 and the parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) layers of the LGN. Furthermore, discrete gradients between the ipsi‐ and contralateral inputs of the P and M layers of the LGN evolved between 1 month following birth and the start of the critical period (3 months), and continued into adulthood. We also detected the postsynaptic expression of ephrin‐B1 by excitatory cells in adult LGN and V1 and a subset of interneurons in adult V1, suggestive of a more global rather than subtype‐specific role. Together these results suggest a possible role for ephrin‐B1 in the maturation of the primate retinogeniculostriate pathway throughout postnatal life, extending into adulthood. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2941–2956, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term interaction between microglial cells and cochlear nucleus neurons after bilateral cochlear ablation
Authors: Fuentes‐Santamaría Verónica , Alvarado Juan Carlos , Juiz José Manuel 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe removal of afferent activity has been reported to modify neuronal activity in the cochlear nucleus of adult rats. After cell damage, microglial cells are rapidly activated, initiating a series of cellular responses that influences neuronal function and survival. To investigate how this glial response occurs and how it might influence injured neurons, bilateral cochlear ablations were performed on adult rats to examine the short‐term (16 and 24 hours and 4 and 7 days) and long‐term (15, 30, and 100 days) changes in the distribution and morphology of microglial cells (immunostained with the ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule 1; Iba‐1) and the interaction of microglial cells with deafferented neurons in the ventral cochlear nucleus. A significant increase in the mean cross‐sectional area and Iba‐1 immunostaining of microglial cells in the cochlear nucleus was observed at all survival times after the ablation compared with control animals. These increases were concomitant with an increase in the area of Iba‐1 immunostaining at 24 hours and 4, 7, and 15 days postablation. Additionally, microglial cells were frequently seen apposing the cell bodies and dendrites of auditory neurons at 7, 15, and 30 days postablation. In summary, these results provide evidence for persistent glial activation in the ventral cochlear nucleus and suggest that long‐term interaction occurs between microglial cells and deafferented cochlear nucleus neurons following bilateral cochlear ablation, which could facilitate the remodeling of the affected neuronal circuits. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2974–2990, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Doublecortin and doublecortin‐like are expressed in overlapping and non‐overlapping neuronal cell population: Implications for neurogenesis
Authors: Saaltink Dirk‐Jan , Håvik Bjarte , Verissimo Carla S. , Lucassen P.J. , Vreugdenhil Erno 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe have characterized the expression of doublecortin‐like (DCL), a microtubule‐associated protein involved in embryonic neurogenesis that is highly homologous to doublecortin (DCX), in the adult mouse brain. To this end, we developed a DCL‐specific antibody and used this to compare DCL expression with DCX. In the neurogenic regions of the adult brain like the subventricular zone (SVZ), the rostral migratory stream (RMS), the olfactory bulb (OB), and the hippocampus, DCL colocalizes with DCX in immature neuronal cell populations. In contrast to DCX, we also found high DCL expression in three other brain regions with suspected neurogenesis or neuronal plasticity. First, the radial glia‐like, hypothalamic tanycytes show high DCL expression that partly colocalizes with the neural stem cell marker vimentin. Second, DCL expression is found in cells of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which lacks expression of the adult neuron marker NeuN. Third, a novel region exhibiting DCL expression is part of the olfactory tubercle where DCL is found in the neuropil of the islands of Calleja (ICj). Our findings define DCL as a novel marker for specific aspects of adult neurogenesis, which partly overlap with DCX. In addition, we propose unique roles for DCL in adult neurogenesis and we suggest high levels of neuronal plasticity in tanycytes, SCN, and ICj. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:2805–2823, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Age‐related changes in learning across early childhood: A new imitation task
Authors: Dickerson Kelly , Gerhardstein Peter , Zack Elizabeth , Barr Rachel 
Published: July 2012

AbstractImitation plays a critical role in social and cognitive development, but the social learning mechanisms contributing to the development of imitation are not well understood. We developed a new imitation task designed to examine social learning mechanisms across the early childhood period. The new task involves assembly of abstract‐shaped puzzle pieces in an arbitrary sequence on a magnet board. Additionally, we introduce a new scoring system that extends traditional goal‐directed imitation scoring to include measures of both children's success at copying gestures (sliding the puzzle pieces) and goals (connecting the puzzle pieces). In Experiment 1, we demonstrated an age‐invariant baseline from 1.5 to 3.5 years of age, accompanied by age‐related changes in success at copying goals and gestures from a live demonstrator. In Experiment 2, we applied our new task to learning following a video demonstration. Imitation performance in the video demonstration group lagged behind that of the live demonstration group, showing a protracted video deficit effect. Across both experiments, children were more likely to copy gestures at earlier ages, suggesting mimicry, and only later copy both goals and gestures, suggesting imitation. Taken together, the findings suggest that different social learning strategies may predominate in imitation learning dependent upon the degree of object affordance, task novelty, and task complexity.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 719–732, 2013.
Costs explained by function rather than diagnosis—results from the SNAC Nordanstig elderly cohort in Sweden
Authors: Lindholm C. , Gustavsson A. , Jönsson L. , Wimo A. 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundBecause the prevalence of many brain disorders rises with age, and brain disorders are costly, the economic burden of brain disorders will increase markedly during the next decades.AimThe purpose of this study is to analyze how the costs to society vary with different levels of functioning and with the presence of a brain disorder.MethodsResource utilization and costs from a societal viewpoint were analyzed versus cognition, activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), brain disorder diagnosis and age in a population‐based cohort of people aged 65 years and older in Nordanstig in Northern Sweden. Descriptive statistics, non‐parametric bootstrapping and a generalized linear model (GLM) were used for the statistical analyses.ResultsMost people were zero users of care. Societal costs of dementia were by far the highest, ranging from SEK 262 000 (mild) to SEK 519 000 per year (severe dementia). In univariate analysis, all measures of functioning were significantly related to costs. When controlling for ADL and IADL in the multivariate GLM, cognition did not have a statistically significant effect on total cost. The presence of a brain disorder did not impact total cost when controlling for function. The greatest shift in costs was seen when comparing no dependency in ADL and dependency in one basic ADL function.ConclusionIt is the level of functioning, rather than the presence of a brain disorder diagnosis, which predicts costs. ADLs are better explanatory variables of costs than Mini mental state examination. Most people in a population‐based cohort are zero users of care. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential metabolomic biomarkers for evaluation of adriamycin efficacy using a urinary 1H‐NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Kyu‐Bong , Yang Ji‐Young , Kwack Seung Jun , Kim Hyung Sik , Ryu Do Hyun , Kim Yeon‐Joo , Bae Jung Yun , Lim Duck Soo , Choi Seul Min , Kwon Mi Jung , Bang Du Yeon , Lim Seong Kwang , Kim Young Woo , Hwang Geum‐Sook , Lee Byung‐Mu 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTA metabolomics approach using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was applied to investigate metabolic alterations following adriamycin (ADR) treatment for gastric adenocarcinoma. After BALB/c‐nu/nu mice were implanted with human gastric adenocarcinoma, ADR (1 or 3 mg kg−1 per day) was intraperitoneally administered for 5 days. Urine was collected on days 2 and 5 and analyzed by NMR. The levels of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO, ×0.3), hippurate (×0.3) and taurine (×0.6) decreased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas the levels of 3‐indoxylsulfate (×12.6), trigonelline (×1.5), citrate (×2.5), trimethylamine (TMA, ×2.0) and 2‐oxoglutarate (×2.3) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the tumor model. After ADR treatment, TMAO, hippuarte and taurine were increased significantly on day 5 compared with those of the tumor model. The levels of 2‐oxoglutarate, 3‐indoxylsulfate, trigonelline, TMA and citrate, which increased in the tumor model, significantly decreased to those of normal control by ADR treatment. Furthermore, the ratio between TMA and TMAO was dramatically altered in both tumor and ADR‐treated groups. Overall, metabolites such as TMAO, TMA, 3‐indoxylsulfate, hippurate, trigonelline, citrate and 2‐oxoglutarate related to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle might be considered as therapeutic targets to potentiate the efficacy of ADR. Thus, these results suggest that the metabolomics analysis of tumor response to ADR treatment may be applicable for demonstrating the efficacy of anticancer agent, ADR and treatment adaptation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient Registries in Primary Care: Essential Element for Quality Improvement
Authors: Molina‐Ortiz Elizabeth I. , Vega Aida C. , Calman Neil S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPrimary care in the United States has been in the midst of a transformation from a system based solely on individual office interactions to one that includes managing health at a population level. The chronic care model provides a robust framework for health systems to transform and restructure their delivery of care to one that is committed to delivering multidisciplinary quality care with a proactive approach. Patient and disease registries are the essential tools necessary to inform all elements of the chronic care model and guide practices though this transformation. Nationally as well as internationally, when used as part of a robust continuous quality‐improvement program, registries have demonstrated to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Despite challenges practices may confront when initially developing a patient registry, it is evident that population management is now an important and integral component of a successful primary‐care practice whose aim is to improve quality of patient care. Mt Sinai J Med 79:475–480, 2012 © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Finite‐time stability of switched positive linear systems
Authors: Chen Guopei , Yang Ying 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThis brief paper addresses the finite‐time stability problem of switched positive linear systems. First, the concept of finite‐time stability is extended to positive linear systems and switched positive linear systems. Then, by using the state transition matrix of the system and copositive Lyapunov function, we present a necessary and sufficient condition and a sufficient condition for finite‐time stability of positive linear systems. Furthermore, two sufficient conditions for finite‐time stability of switched positive linear systems are given by using the common copositive Lyapunov function and multiple copositive Lyapunov functions, a class of switching signals with average dwell time is designed to stabilize the system, and a computational method for vector functions used to construct the Lyapunov function of systems is proposed. Finally, a concrete application is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid intelligent systems for detecting network intrusions
Authors: Panda Mrutyunjaya , Abraham Ajith , Patra Manas Ranjan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper intends to develop some novel hybrid intelligent systems by combining naïve Bayes with decision trees (NBDT) and by combining non‐nested generalized exemplar (NNge) and extended repeated incremental pruning (JRip) rule‐based classifiers (NNJR) to construct a multiple classifier system to efficiently detect network intrusions. We also use ensemble design using AdaBoost to enhance the detection rate of the proposed hybrid system. Further, to have a better overall detection, we propose to combine farthest first traversal (FFT) clustering with classification techniques to obtain another two hybrid methods such as DTFF (DT + FFT) and FFNN (NNge + FFT). Finally, we use Bayesian belief network with Tabu search combined with NNge for better detection rate. Because most of the anomaly detection uses binary labels, that is, anomaly or normal, without discussing more details about the attack types, we perform two‐class classification for our proposed methodologies in this paper. Substantial experiments are conducted using NSL‐KDD dataset, which is a modified version of KDD99 intrusion dataset. Finally, empirical results with a detailed analysis for all the approaches show that hybrid classification with clustering DTFF provides the best anomaly detection rate among all others. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraguild dietary overlap and its possible relationship to the coexistence of mesocarnivores in intensive agricultural habitats
Authors: Remonti Luigi , Balestrieri Alessandro , Ruiz‐González Aritz , Gómez‐Moliner Benjamín J. , Capelli Enrica , Prigioni Claudio 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe stone marten (Martes foina) and the pine marten (M. martes) are closely related mammalian carnivores potentially subject to exploitative competition. The recent expansion of the pine marten into the intensively cultivated plain of the River Po (NW Italy), where previously only stone marten occurred, offered an interesting opportunity to analyse their relationships. We studied the distribution and diet of Martes species and trophic niche overlap between martens and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in two study areas, each with two pseudoreplicates, by analysing genotyped faeces. Our results seem to confirm the displacement of the stone marten from one study area, the pine marten being the only Martes species occurring where previously the stone marten had been reported. We found a large food niche overlap between red fox and both stone and pine martens, but with evidence of size‐related differences in the consumption of some food items. We hypothesised that, due to the poor prey‐base of the environment, highly altered by intensive crop cultivation, intense interspecific competition originally occurred between the red fox and stone marten. The heightening of interspecific competition caused by the entry of the pine marten in the predator guild may have caused the displacement of the stone marten, at least temporarily. The mechanism of such displacement needs to be clarified through further surveys in areas where the three species occur sympatrically.
Warming leads to divergent responses but similarly improved performance of two invasive thistles
Authors: Zhang Rui , Post Eric , Shea Katriona 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPlants’ responses to climate change are complex. Even the same net performance changes may involve different responses of multiple life history traits. Here we show that two congeneric thistles, Carduus nutans and Carduus acanthoides, both grew taller under increased temperature, albeit following divergent response patterns. For C. nutans, warming advanced bolting more than flowering, leading to a longer growing period before flowering and ultimately taller plant height at the end of the growing season. Carduus acanthoides maintained the same length of growing period because of equally shifted events in the phenological sequence, however, post‐flowering growth rate was increased, which also led to enhanced final plant height. As seeds from taller plants disperse farther, their responses imply that future invasion spread rates of these two species will increase. Similar consequences due to divergent responses in life history traits, as demonstrated in this study, suggest that considering only ultimate performance outcomes, and not the underlying processes generating such outcomes, is not enough to understand the impacts of climate change.
Assessment of genotyping accuracy in a non‐invasive DNA‐based population survey of Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus): lessons from a large‐scale pilot study in Iwate prefecture, northern Japan
Authors: Uno Reina , Kondo Mami , Yuasa Takashi , Yamauchi Kiyoshi , Tsuruga Hihumi , Tamate Hidetoshi B. , Yoneda Masaaki 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNon‐invasive DNA genotyping using hair samples has become a common method in population surveys of Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in Japan; however, the accuracy of the genotyping data has rarely been discussed in empirical studies. Therefore, we conducted a large‐scale pilot study to examine genotyping accuracy and sought an efficient way of error‐checking hair‐trapping data. We collected 2,067 hair samples, successfully determined the genotypes of 1,245 samples, and identified 295 individuals. The genotyping data were further divided into 3 subsets of data according to the number of hairs used for DNA extraction in each sample (1–4, 5–9, and ≥10 hairs), and the error rates of allelic dropout and false alleles were estimated for each subset using a maximum likelihood method. The genotyping error rates in the samples with ≥10 hairs were found to be lower than those in the samples with 1–4 and 5–9 hairs. The presence of erroneous genotypes among the identified individuals was further checked using a post hoc goodness‐of‐fit test that determined the match between the expected and observed frequencies of individual homozygotes at 0–6 loci. The results indicated the presence of erroneous genotypes, possibly as a result of allelic dropout, in the samples. Therefore, for improved accuracy, it is recommended that samples containing ≥10 hairs should be used for genotyping and a post hoc goodness‐of‐fit test should be performed to exclude erroneous genotypes before proceeding with downstream analysis such as capture‐mark‐recapture estimation.
Landscape heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales enhances spider species richness in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Miyashita Tadashi , Chishiki Yuki , Takagi Shun R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLandscape supplementation, which enhances densities of organisms by combination of different landscape elements, is likely common in heterogeneous landscapes, but its prevalence and effects on species richness have been little explored. Using grassland‐dwelling spiders in an agricultural landscape, we postulated that richness and abundances of major constituent species are both highest in intermediate mixtures of forests and paddy fields, and that this effect derives from multi‐scale landscape heterogeneity. We collected spiders in 35 grasslands in an agricultural landscape in Japan and determined how species richness and abundances of major species related to local and landscape factors across different spatial scales. We used a generalized linear model to fit data, created all possible combinations of variables at 15 spatial scales, and then explored the best models using Akaike's information criterion. Species richness showed a hump‐shaped pattern in relation to surrounding forest cover, and the spatial scale determining this relationship was a 300–500‐m radius around the study sites. Local variables were of minor importance for species richness. Abundances of major species also exhibited a hump‐shaped pattern when plotted against forest cover. Thus, a combination of paddy fields and forests is important for enhancement of grassland spider species richness and abundance, suggesting habitat supplementation. The effective spatial scales determining abundances varied, ranging from 200 to >1000 m, probably representing different dispersal abilities. Landscape compositional heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales may be thus crucial for the maintenance of species diversity.
Macrophages Alter the Differentiation‐Dependent Decreases in Fibronectin and Collagen I/III Protein Levels in Human Preadipocytes
Authors: Gagnon AnneMarie , Yarmo Michelle N. , Landry Anne , Sorisky Alexander 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAdipose tissue of obese individuals is characterized by increased fibrosis and macrophage infiltration. Extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that occurs during adipogenesis can be influenced by macrophages, but it remains unclear how macrophage‐secreted factors alter preadipocyte ECM protein expression under non‐adipogenic versus adipogenic conditions. Confluent human subcutaneous abdominal preadipocytes were cultured for 14 days, with or without adipogenic inducers, in either control medium, medium conditioned by THP‐1 monocytes (THP‐1‐MonCM), or medium conditioned by THP‐1 macrophages (THP‐1‐MacCM). Under non‐adipogenic conditions in THP‐1‐MacCM, collagen I/III and fibronectin protein levels rose by 40 and 70 %, respectively (p < 0.05, n = 3; compared to control non‐adipogenic medium). When preadipocytes were exposed to adipogenic inducers in THP‐1‐MacCM, collagen I/III levels increased by 50 %, but those of fibronectin fell by 48 %, both compared to non‐adipogenic THP‐1‐MacCM conditions. The rise in collagen I/III levels contrasts with the 51 % decrease in collagen I/III that occurs with induction of differentiation in control medium, whereas, the decrease in fibronectin is more modest, but consistent in THP‐1‐MacCM (48 %) and control medium (92 %). A similar effect on fibronectin levels occurred using medium conditioned by LPS‐treated human monocyte‐derived macrophages (MD‐MacCM). Our data indicate macrophage‐derived factors regulate levels of collagen I/III and fibronectin in preadipocytes under non‐adipogenic and adipogenic conditions. Further studies are needed to determine if these changes in these ECM proteins contribute to the anti‐adipogenic action of MacCM.