bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antidepressant-like Effect of Baccharis Ilimita in the Forced Swimming Test in Mice
Authors: Kikko A. , Koerich P. , Bondan E. , Nunes F. , Pizzolatti M. , Barbosa A. 
Published: March 2009

The aim of the present work was to investigate if flowers extract (FE) and leaf extract (LE) of Baccharis ilimita (Asteraceae) induced antidepressant-like effect. Previous phytochemical investigations have shown the presence of structurally and biogenetically diverse secondary metabolites in this gene, such as flavonoids, diterpenes and triterpenes. Male Swiss mice were injected with FE and LE (12.5; 25.0 or 50.0 mg/kg; i.p.) or saline (S) and after 30 min, they were tested in the forced swimming test (FST). The results showed that FE and LE (50 mg/kg) decreased the duration of immobility time in comparison to the control group (S: 114.8s ± 10.23; FE50: 47.52s ± 9.45; LE50: 53.36s ± 10.38). However, the 12.5 and 25.0 mg/kg doses had no effect on the immobility time in comparison to the control group. The FE and LE did not produce any change in ambulation in mice when tested in an open field. The imipramine (IMP; 15.0 mg/kg i.p.) was used as the positive control. Our results suggested that FE and LE of Baccharis ilimita presents antidepressant-like effect in mice. Such results suggest that the antidepressant-like effect may be attributed at lest partially the flavonoids or the interaction of the active(s) principle(s) present in this plant.Descritores:Baccharis ilimita. Forced swimming test. Depression. Mice.
Objective and Subjective Rated Depression, Daytime Sleepiness and Sleep Quality in Different Sleep Disorders
Authors: Lattova Z. , Keckeis M. , Lauer C. , Pollmacher T. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:Daytime sleepiness and disturbed sleep quality are core symptoms of sleep disorders. In addition, depressive symptoms are often reported. In the present study, we examined the possible relationships of daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and objective and subjective rated depressive symptoms in three major sleep disorders: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; n = 25), restless legs syndrome (RLS; n = 18) and psychophysiological insomnia (n = 21), compared to healthy controls (n = 33).Method:Otherwise healthy subjects without a history of psychiatric disorder or psychotropic medication use were included. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for daytime sleepiness assessment and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) for subjective sleep quality were administered. Participants filled in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) as indicator of subjective rated depression and underwent a standard psychiatric interview; observer ratings comprised the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA).Results:As expected daytime sleepiness was highest in OSA, whereas insomnia patients showed the highest depression and anxiety scores and the worst subjective sleep assessment. In contrast to the HAMD, the BDI was unable to differentiate among patient groups. Objective (HAMD) and subjective (BDI) rated depression correlated significantly in insomnia, RLS and healthy controls, but surprisingly not in OSA. Subjective rated depression (BDI) correlated significantly with subjective sleep quality (PSQI) in these patients. This correlation was not present in insomnia, RLS or controls. Therefore, increased BDI levels in OSA are possibly related to disturbed sleep (PSQI) rather than to depression.
Correlation Between Psychosocial Stress and Depression among Adolescents
Authors: Markeviciute A. , Pilkauskiene I. , Gostautas A. , Adomaitiene V. , Vaitkevicius R. , Gustainiene L. , Ribakoviene V. 
Published: March 2009

Background:The data of various studies indicates, that stressful life events having a strong influence to the development of depression in adolescence.Aim:To study the correlation between psychosocial stress and depression among adolescents.Methods:The subjects of the study were 1026 schoolchildren (519 boys and 507 girls) of secondary schools (ninth form pupils) of one administrative region of Lithuania. Average age of adolescents was 14,8±1,12 years. The 57-item Depression scale of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for Adolescents (MMPI-A D) and 7-item Reeder scale were used.Results:The first four factors of depression (pessimism, hostility, somatic health, tension-anxiety) after MMPI-A D scale orthogonal varimax rotation were used in data analysis. Correlative analysis was show statistically meaning correlations between depression, the pessimism factor and the all items of psychosocial stress for the girls. The boys’ tension-anxiety factor correlated statistically meaning with all items of psychosocial stress. Comparing depressive and not depressive adolescents according Reeder scale, determined that both: depressive boys (p=0,043), and depressive girls (p< 0,0001) experienced more psychosocial stress comparing with not depressive adolescents. The stepwise regression analyses differed an importance of the items “nervous tension” (p=0,011), “stress because of communication” (p=0,014) for the girls’ depression and the items “nervous tension” (p=0,011), “physical and mental exhaustion at the end of a day” (p=0,003) for the boys’ depression.Conclusions:1.Depressive boys and girls experienced more psychosocial stress comparing with not depressive adolescents.2.Psychosocial stress is important for prognosis of depression in adolescence.
Augmentation of Zonisamide in Poor or Non-responder Patients Treated with Duloxetine for Single or Recurrent Unipolar Major Depressive Episode
Authors: Fornaro M. , Bandini F. , Mattei C. , Battaglia F. , Ogliastro C. , Fornaro P. 
Published: March 2009

Objectives:The aim of our ongoing study is to investigate the effectiveness of Zonisamide augmentation to Duloxetine in partial and non-responder patients in course of Unipolar Major Depressive Episode.Method:35 outpatients will be enrolled in a 12-weeks open-label study including both genders, 18 to 65 years old subjects. Unipolar Major Depressive Episode diagnosis will be performed at screening time using “Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-Axis-I Disorders- Italian 1996 version” (SCID-I, First et al., 1996) and by a ≥14 total score for the “Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomathology-Self Rated” (QIDS-SR, Rush et al., 2003). Patients will be repeatedly evaluated during the course of the study using a wide range of mood and anxiety rating scales and monitoring biomarkers such as electroretinogram b-wave amplitude, interleukins, flogosis and BDNF factors etc. At week 6, Duloxetine partial/non responders will be augmetated to Zonisamide and further evaluations of mentioned markers will be repeated. A “Fisher-test” or χ² analysis will be performed at the end of the study. Expected p will be ≤ 0,005.Hypothesis:We expect Zonisamide augmentation to be an effective treatment for SNRI-resistant Major Depression.
High Work Demands and Depression: The Moderating Role of the Serotonin Transporter Gene (5-HTT) and Work Control
Authors: Melchior M. , Moffitt T.E. , Poulton R. , Sugden K. , Caspi A. 
Published: March 2009

Background:High work demands (i.e. a heavy workload, tight time pressures, conflicting work tasks) put individuals at high risk of depression. Our aim was to test whether the relationship between high work demands and depression is moderated by genetic vulnerability to depression and by work control.Methods:Participants are members of the Dunedin Study, a 1972-73 longitudinal birth cohort assessed most recently in 2004-2005, at age 32 (96% response rate). This analysis included all participants who were employed at age 32. Depression was measured using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Work demands and work control were assessed in an interview. Genetic vulnerability to stress was ascertained by the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT).Results:Among individuals exposed to high work demands, symptoms of depression were significantly higher among those who carried two short alleles of the 5-HTT gene (‘s/s’ group) than among ‘l’ carriers (interaction between 5-HTT gene and work demands: β=4.22, se=1.86, p=0.02). However, this gene-environment interaction was only present among those individuals who had low control over their work (interaction between 5-HTT gene and high work demands: β: 7.21, se: 2.73, p=0.009), not among those who had high work control (interaction between 5-HTT gene and high work demands: β: 1.32, se: 2.53, p=0.60).Conclusion:Pending replication, the serotonin transporter gene appears to moderate the effects of high work demands on symptoms of depression. This gene-environment interaction is attenuated by high work control.
Depression in Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report
Authors: Paixão L. , Avelino M.J. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Depression is the predominant psychological disturbance in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) with lifetime prevalence around 50% and annual prevalence of 20%. Depression is commoner during relapses and may exacerbate fatigue and cognitive dysfunction. The aetiology of depression is multifactorial and likely associated with psychological stress, focal demyelinating lesions and immune dysfunction. There is no correlation between age, gender, duration of illness and sex. Unlike it was believed for the treatment with interferon β, recent side effects data from clinical trials have failed to confirm that this medication is associated with an increased risk of depression in patients with MS. Treating depression improves quality of life and improves adherence to disease-modifying drugs. Treatment with pharmacotherapy is particularly challenging given the somatic symptoms overlap between MS and depression and the increased burden of their side effects.Aims:To demonstrate the relationship between depression and MS.Methods:We report a case of depression in a 32 year old woman with MS, treated twice with bolus of metilprednisolone, taking interferon β at present. Her psychopathological symptoms have been sadness, terminal insomnia, anorexia, fatigue, social isolation, anhedonia, increased worry, pessimism, loss of self-esteem and suicidal ideation (not structured). The pharmacotherapy used to treat the depression was firstly fluoxetine and lately venlafaxine.Results:There has been an improvement on the patient's symptoms related both to the depression and to the MS.Conclusions:This case demonstrates once more, the complex relationship between those two clinical entities.
Grieving Process in Children and Adults Using Services of the Psychiatric Hospital of Petra Olympus, Katerini, Greece. Similarities - Differences
Authors: Papanikolaou K. , Voura N. , Stilopoulos L. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:The demonstration of differences in grieving process between children mourning for the parent and adults grieving for their spouse.Method:Sub-structured clinical interviews were given to 10 adults and 10 children using the services of the Psychiatric Hospital of Petra Olympus to evaluate their reactions and grieving process.Discussion:2 of the evaluated children had outbursts of cries during the sessions. This behavior was the same at home.8 played the role of the ‘supportive adult’ to the grieving parent, not allowing themselves to express feelings of anger, grief, guilt, and fears. They didn't ask for support, in fear of becoming a burden to the rest of the family.Their parents noticed changes in sleep patterns, eating habits, and behavior.One child wasn't well-informed about the loss and didn't fully understand what had happened to the deceased.As for parents, 8 asked and received medical support and medication,whilst 2 started consuming alcohol. 6 were avoiding talking to their children and sharing their feelings, whereas 3 mentioned incapability to go on with their life.Conclusions:Children mourn in a different way from adults. Their grief may not be easily detected.The proper way of informing the child, the encouragement to the expression of feelings, the living memories of their late parent and the participation in the family grieving process (both for children and adults) are not causes of further stress and anxiety but lead to a better way of resolving the grieving process, offering comfort and relief.
Prevalence of Major Depression in Barcelona Primary Care Settings: A Comparative Study Between Latinos and Native Born Patients
Authors: Pedrini E. , Sanchez F. Collazos , Qureshi A. , Valero S. , Ramos M. , Revollo H.W. , Delgadillo C.A. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Immigration to Spain is a recent but rapidly growing fenomena. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the immigrants relative to natives is an inconclusive theme, given that several studies have found contradictory results.This study presents sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of mood disorders (detected with MINI) of 842 adults (411 Latinos and 431 Natives), attending primary care in the greater Barcelona metropolitan area.Results:Most of the sample was female (n=591; 70.2%), the mean age was 34.7 (±9.8) years, range 18-65. Significant (p< 0,001) differences were found between the two groups in: scholarization, housing, work status, income and percived social network.The prevalence of actual major depresssive disorder (MDD) was 12.7% in the total sample, with a higer prevalence in the Latinos (n=68; 16.5%) than Natives (n=39; 9.0%); p=0.001 X2=10.57.There was no difference in total prevalences of other mood disorders between the two groups. Analysis -through logistic regression- of only those patients with complete data, (n=613; 307 Latinos and 306 Natives) showed that the probability of MDD was higer in Latinos than in Native patients (OR= 2.4; 95% CI= 1.5-4.0). After adjusting for gender and all the significantly different variables, the higer risk of MDD in Latinos disappeared (OR= 1.3; 95% CI= 0.7-2.4).Conclusions:From these data we can conlude that the relation between immigrant status and depression is not direct but rather mediated by disadvantaged social conditions. In further similar studies social variables should be considered.
Screening Acuracy of the Portuguese Version of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale
Authors: Pereira A. , Bos S. , Maia B. , Marques M. , Soares M.J. , Gomes A. , Valente J. , Macedo A. , Azevedo M.H. 
Published: March 2009

Screening for postpartum depression has been considered essential. The Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS; Beck & Gable, 2002) is a self-report instrument, composed of 35 items placed in the specific context of new maternity. The aim of the present study was to determine, for the first time, PDSS cut-off points (adjusted to the real prevalence) and associated conditional probabilities to screen for depression in the post-partum, according to DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria. Participants were 452 women, mean age=30.52 years (SD=4.176) in their third month post-partum (M=13.07 weeks post-partum; SD=1.808). All women completed the Portuguese version of the PDSS and were interviewed using the Mood disorders Section/Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. ROC analysis was applied and both cut-off points and associated conditional probabilities adjusted to the real prevalence were determined. For major depression/DSM-IV the cut-off point of 69 (prevalence - 4.0%), resulted in sensitivity of 77.8%, specificity of 86.9%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 19.7% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.9%; for depressive disorder/ICD-10 the cut-off point of 67 (prevalence - 4.9%) determined sensitivity 77.3%, specificity 85.3%, PPV 21.2%, NPV 98.6%; for mild/moderate depression with somatic syndrome or severe depression without psychotic symptoms/ICD-10 (prevalence - 2.7%) the cut-off point of 80 was associated to sensitivity 91.7%, specificity 94.3%, PPV 30.6% and NPV 99.8%.In conclusion, the Portuguese version of the PDSS revealed to be a valid instrument to screen for depression in the post-partum.*Data for this study were drawn from a research project on Postpartum Depression and Sleep, FCT (POCI/SAU-ESP/57068/2004).
The Five Factor Model of Personality and Psychotic Symptoms in Depression
Authors: Todorovic M. , Perunicic I. , Pavkovic T. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:Five factor model of personality tends to measure basic personality structure. Some authors clam that this model is not enough to explain every psychological phenomenon and that sixth factor model is a better solution especially in prediction of psychopathology. The objective of this research is to investigate this hypothesis, whether is possible to explain psychotic symptoms in depression using the five factor model and which is a better option five or sixth model of personality in prediction depression with psychotic symptoms.Method:Sample consisted of 30 inpatients diagnosed depression with psychotic symptoms and 30 inpatients diagnosed depression without psychotic symptoms. Depression was assessed by ICD-X criteria and confirmed by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (21-item form) and by clinical scales from Milons Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI III). All the participants were administered Neo Pir (five factor model of personality-measures basic personality structure) and DELTA-9 (measures psychoticism proneness).Results:We found one statistically significant canonical function that discriminate two groups of depressed patients. This function shows that domains of sixth factor-psychoticisam better discriminate psychotic symptoms then dimensions from Neo Pir.Conclusion:Our findings suggested that the five factor model is not enough to explain and predict psychotic features in depression and that using a new concept of psychoticisam or six factor model of personality could be a better solution in clinical setting.
Neuroendocrine Response to Traumatic Dissociation in Patients with Unipolar Depression
Authors: Raboch J. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Dissociation is traditionally attributed to trauma and other psychological stress that are linked to dissociated traumatic memories. Although recent studies regarding neuroendocrinology of traumatic dissociation are rare, they suggest possible dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The aim of the present study is to perform examination of HPA axis functioning indexed by basal prolactin and cortisol and test their relationship to psychic and somatoform dissociative symptoms.Design:Clinical and laboratory study of consecutive inpatients.Setting:Patients treated at the university hospital, Psychiatry department of Charles University in Prague.Participants:40 consecutive inpatients with diagnosis of unipolar depression mean age 43.37 (SD=12.21).Main outcome measures:Assessment of psychic and somatoform dissociation (DES, SDQ-20), depressive symptoms (BDI-II) and basal serum prolactin and cortisol.Results:Data show that prolactin and cortisol as indices of HPA axis functioning manifest significant relationship to dissociative symptoms. Main results represent highly significant correlations between psychic dissociative symptoms (DES) and serum prolactin (r=0.55, p=0.0001), and relationship between somatoform dissociation (SDQ-20) and serum cortisol (r=-0.38, p=0.008).Conclusions:These results indicate relationship between HPA-axis reactivity and psychosocial stress as a function of dissociative symptoms in unipolar depressive patients that could reflect passive coping behavior and disengagement.
Depression and Quality of Life in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Ramos S. , Prata J. , Rocha-Gonçalves F. , Coelho R. 
Published: March 2009

The co-occurence of depression and congestive heart failure (CHF) represents a great challenge and opportunity for those interested in exploring the complex interactions between the brain and the heart. The cumulative effect of these medical conditions has an evident effect on quality of life.The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of life and symptoms of depression among a group of 103 adult patients with CHF recruited from an outpatient cardiology practice and determine the factors related to a poor outcome. The challenge was to identify the group of patients who are at risk of suffering from depression and poor quality of life as early as possible and try to provide them appropriate psychiatric treatment.The results of this study lead us to suggest that an older female patient with a more severe illness (NYHA ≥ II) and renal impairment is at great risk of presenting simultaneously depressive sintomatology and poorer perception of quality of life, thus beeing a strong candidate to a very negative evolution of her cardiac condition.These findings allow us to define a group of patients that would surely benefit from a closer psychiatric and cardiac management.The high prevalence of depression, the complexity of managing it and the recent evidence demonstrating that depression is associated with increased morbidity and mortality suggests that is important the development of collaborative and integrative approaches combining the medical expertise and interest of psychiatrists, cardiologists and internists and the involvement of psychologists and social workers.
Life Events and Social Support During Pregnancy: Are they Related to Depressive Symptoms in Immediate Postpartum?
Authors: Incio L. Rodriguez , Gelabert E. , Bonet M. Udina , Langohr K. , García P. Navarro , de la Cruz R. Navines , García-Esteve L. , Laffon R. Martin-Santos 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:Pregnancy and postpartum both imply high risk for developing psychiatric disorders in women.Aims:To study the relationship between life events (LE) and social support degree (SS) during pregnancy and depressive symptoms in early postpartum period.Method:A cross-sectional study of 309 consecutive Spanish women, evaluated the second day postpartum. They were all over 18 years old and have signed the informed consent. We excluded: illiteracy, cognitive impairment or severe medical illness, psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and decease of the newborn. We collected socio-demographic and obstetrical data, as well as family and personal psychiatric history, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), LE (Saint Paul Ramsey) and SS (DUKE-UNK).Results:Mean age (SD) was 31.6 (4.7). Most of women were married, had intermediated or high level of education. Sixty-one percent were primiparous. Twenty-six percent had family history and 22% had personal psychiatric history. Mean (SD) of LE was 0.95 (0.89) and of SS was 53.1 (7.6). The prevalence of depressive symptoms according to EPDS scores was 18%. This subgroup of depressed women had more psychiatric family history (p=0.046), less LE (p< 0.001) and more SS during pregnancy (p=0.048). Logistic regression analysis showed that SS was the only significant variable (OR=1.085; 95%CI=0.997-0.994; p=0.001). LE did not achieve statistical significance (OR=1.085; 95%CI=0.997-1.180; p=0.059).Conclusions:Low social support degree during pregnancy is associated with depressive symptoms during immediate postpartum.This study has been done in part with grants Instituto Carlos III: G03/184, FIS: PI04178; 05/2565.
Efficacy of Pharmacotherapy and Cognitive Therapy, alone and in Combination in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Shamsaei F. , Rahimi A. , Zarabian M.K. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:To assess the efficacy of pharmacotherapy (citalopram) and cognitive therapy, alone or in combination for the treatment of major depressive disorder.Methods:This study was a randomised controlled clinical trial. We randomly assigned 120 adults with a major depressive disorder to 8-week treatment with either citalopram, cognitive therapy, or both. Major depressive disorder was diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria. Patients were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory before and after treatment.Results:Statistical analysis showed that cognitive therapy, pharmacotherapy, and combined therapy were effective in the treatment of depression. There was no significant difference between medication and cognitive therapy. Treatment with the cognitive therapy intervention and citalopram combined yielded better responses than treatment with citalopram or cognitive therapy alone.