bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dying of Boredom: An Exploratory Case Study of Time Use, Apparent Affect, and Routine Activity Situations on Two Alzheimer’s Special Care Units
Authors: Wood Wendy , Womack Jennifer , Hooper Barbara 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The objective of this instrumental case study was to explore interrelationships among routine activity situations on 2 Alzheimer's special care units (SCUs) and 2 resident quality-of-life (QoL) indicators: daily time use and emotional well-being. Fourteen residents participated. We collected data across four 12-hr days using computer-assisted direct observations and computed associations of activity situations with QoL indicators and mean durations of QoL indicators in activity situations and daily by facility. We compared mean durations of QoL indicators across facilities and analyzed time-use profiles of 2 residents. We found that participants’ capacities for activity engagement and emotional vitality were infrequently expressed at both SCUs. Diminished QoL was attributable to participants’ dementia-related impairments coupled with insufficient attention to their occupational needs, initiatives, and capacities. Findings call for occupational therapists’ involvement as educators, mentors, and consultants to enhance the effectiveness of routine activity situations in promoting QoL through everyday occupations.
Conducting Systematic Reviews to Inform Occupational Therapy Practice
Authors: Murphy Susan L. , Robinson Jennifer C. , Lin Susan H. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Systematic reviews (SRs) are increasingly used in the health professions to evaluate research evidence to guide practice and justify reimbursement for services. Despite the importance of SRs in the health professions, there is no definitive guide for how to conduct a useful, high-quality review. In this article we will (1) provide an overview of the process of writing a traditional SR with particular emphasis on design and conduct, (2) discuss limitations of the traditional SR in occupational therapy, and (3) describe how information is synthesized and used for clinical practice.
Facilitating Family Occupations: Family Member Perceptions of a Specialized Environment for Children With Mental Retardation
Authors: Sachs Dalia , Nasser Kareem 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We studied the experience of family occupations in the Snoezelen context (i.e., a highly specialized therapeutic room for family gatherings) and analyzed how it facilitated occupations for parents of children with severe and profound mental retardation living in residential facilities.
METHOD. In-depth interviews and participatory observations were held with 10 families of children with mental retardation living in a long-term residential facility for children with mental retardation in Haifa, Israel.
RESULTS. Two main themes emerged: The Snoezelen environment was experienced as another world, where parents sensed detachment from external reality and a transition to relaxation and intimacy. The intimacy of the Snoezelen world fostered the experience of being together as a family, where all family members shared fun activities and strengthened their relationship.
CONCLUSIONS. A sense of intimacy and relaxation, provided by the Snoezelen environment, is important in facilitating family occupations for this population. Interventions in occupational therapy must be designed that take these requirements into consideration.
Effects of an Explicit Problem-Solving Skills Training Program Using a Metacomponential Approach for Outpatients With Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Fong Kenneth N. K. , Howie Dorothy R. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We investigated the effects of an explicit problem-solving skills training program using a meta componential approach with 33 outpatients with moderate acquired brain injury, in the Hong Kong context.
METHOD. We compared an experimental training intervention with this explicit problem-solving approach, which taught metacomponential strategies, with a conventional cognitive training approach that did not have this explicit metacognitive training.
RESULTS. We found significant advantages for the experimental group on the Metacomponential Interview measure in association with the explicit metacomponential training, but transfer to the real-life problem-solving measures was not evidenced in statistically significant findings. Small sample size, limited time of intervention, and some limitations with these tools may have been contributing factors to these results.
CONCLUSION. The training program was demonstrated to have a significantly greater effect than the conventional training approach on metacomponential functioning and the component of problem representation. However, these benefits were not transferable to real-life situations.
Executive Functioning, Awareness, and Participation in Daily Life After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Bar-Haim Erez Asnat , Rothschild Ettie , Katz Noomi , Tuchner Maya , Hartman-Maeir Adina 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We investigated the relationship of executive functioning and self-awareness to participation in daily life of people after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) referred to occupational therapy in the postacute phase.
METHOD. Thirteen participants who sustained mTBI (average time since injury = 4.7 months, mean age = 43.4 years) were evaluated with the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome, the Dysexecutive Questionnaire, the Self-Awareness of Deficits Interview, and the Participation Index (PI) of the Mayo–Portland Adaptability Inventory.
RESULTS. Analysis revealed high frequencies of deficits in executive functions such as planning and shifting. However, self-awareness of the executive deficits was intact. A significant percentage (62%–85%) of participants experienced restrictions in everyday life activities, and PI scores were significantly correlated with measures of executive functioning.
CONCLUSIONS. After mTBI, people may be at significant risk for persistent executive deficits and restrictions in participation that warrant occupational therapy intervention.
Evaluation of Social Interaction During Occupational Engagement
Authors: Simmons C. Douglas , Griswold Lou Ann , Berg Brett 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The Evaluation of Social Interaction (ESI; Fisher & Griswold, 2008) assesses a person's performance of social interaction skills in the natural context with typical social partners during any area of occupation. We used Rasch analysis of 175 observations of 128 people, ages 4–73, to examine internal scale validity, the items’ skill hierarchy and intended purpose, and the ESI's ability to differentiate between people with and without disabilities. The ESI demonstrated validity for 24 of 27 skills and six intended purposes, with a hierarchy of performance. Of the observations, 95.3% demonstrated goodness of fit to the Rasch model, indicating person response validity. People without a disability demonstrated significantly higher social skills performance than those with a known disability (t = 4.468, df = 83 p = .000). The ESI has the potential to provide a quantitative assessment of social interaction performance in the natural context of a person's desired occupation and may be useful for intervention planning and outcome measurement.
Establishing Criterion Validity of the Useful Field of View Assessment and Stroke Drivers’ Screening Assessment: Comparison to the Result of On-Road Assessment
Authors: George Stacey , Crotty Maria 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVES. We sought to determine the criterion validity of the Useful Field of View (UFOV) assessment and Stroke Drivers’ Screening Assessment (SDSA) through comparison to the results of on-road assessment.
METHOD. This was a prospective study with people with stroke. Outcome measures used were UFOV, SDSA, and the results of on-road assessment.
RESULTS. Both the results on UFOV (Divided Attention subtest, p &lt; .01; Selective Attention subtest, p &lt; .05) and SDSA (p &lt; .05) were significantly related to the recommendation from on-road assessment. The Divided Attention subtest of the UFOV had the highest sensitivity value (88.9%).
CONCLUSIONS. UFOV and SDSA are valid assessments of driving ability for stroke. The Divided Attention subtest of the UFOV can guide decision making of occupational therapists in stroke driver rehabilitation and in determining those who require further assessment on road because they pose a safety risk. Screening assists people with stroke to decide whether they are ready to have an on-road assessment.
Doing, Being, and Becoming: A Family’s Journey Through Perinatal Loss
Authors: Forhan Mary 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Occupational therapists are encouraged to reflect on doing, being, and becoming not only as it relates to the development of their profession but also in their own lives (Wilcock 1999). This article is a description of that process for me and my family in our journey through perinatal loss. This autoethnography uses a personally situated account of perinatal death. This article is a form of self-narrative that places me and my family in social context through the lens of an occupational therapist. This article aims to convey the meanings attached to the experience of grief and loss in the context of participation in everyday occupations. By sharing a perspective on the lived experience and connecting it to the literature on grief and occupation, readers will be able to decide if the connection holds as valid from a theoretical and clinical perspective.
Randomized Controlled Trial of the Breast Cancer Recovery Program for Women With Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema
Authors: McClure Marjorie K. , McClure Richard J. , Day Richard , Brufsky Adam M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Evidence-based exercise and relaxation recommendations for people with breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL) are needed. We report a randomized controlled study of one program, designed to achieve synergistic improvements in physical and emotional BCRL symptoms. People in the treatment group received an exercise and relaxation program, The Breast Cancer Recovery Program (N = 16). The control participants (N = 16) continued with health professionals’ recommendations. Participants were tested at entry, 2.5 weeks, 5 weeks, and 3 months. Treatment group participants, compared with control participants, demonstrated significant treatment effects for improved bioimpedance z, arm flexibility, quality of life, mood at 3 months, and weight loss. Adherence was high for this safe and effective program, which improved lymphedema physical and emotional symptoms.
Telerehabilitation and Electrical Stimulation: An Occupation-Based, Client-Centered Stroke Intervention
Authors: Hermann Valerie Hill , Herzog Mandy , Jordan Rachel , Hofherr Maura , Levine Peter , Page Stephen J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOBJECTIVE. We examined the efficacy of a remotely based arm rehabilitation regimen. A 62-year-old man participated in occupation-based, task-specific practice of activities of daily living (ADLs) &gt;3 years after stroke. The entire regimen was administered over the Internet using personal computer–based cameras and free network meeting software.METHOD. Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FM), Action Research Arm Test (ARA), and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) were administered before intervention. One week after treatment, FM, ARA, and COPM were readministered.RESULTS. The participant exhibited reduced impairment and reduced functional limitation. He also expressed enhanced satisfaction with his ability to perform ADLs and rated his ADL performance better after intervention. The participant could now drive using both hands, use eating utensils, and catch and throw a ball.CONCLUSION. Data suggest feasibility and efficacy of a remotely based, inexpensive approach using functional electrical stimulation for affected arm rehabilitation after stroke.
Grasping Naturally Versus Grasping With a Reacher in People Without Disability: Motor Control and Muscle Activation Differences
Authors: Maitra Kinsuk K. , Philips Katherine , Rice Martin S. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We investigated motor control and muscle activation when reaching for and grasping objects with a reacher compared with the unaided hand.
METHOD. In a repeated-measures counterbalanced design, 41 healthy participants with no previous experience using a reacher were randomly assigned to a sequence of four conditions. Movements of the wrist and fingers were recorded using a three-dimensional Qualisys camera system for assessing reach and grasp. Muscle activations from finger and arm flexors and extensors were recorded by surface electromyography.
RESULTS. Participants exhibited a smaller grasp aperture, longer reaching time, and more muscle activity when they used a reacher.
CONCLUSION. Efficient motor control, which requires both time and practice, is needed to successfully use a reacher. Clients presented with reachers without sufficient time to develop motor skills unique to reacher use may be more likely to abandon this assistive device and fail to benefit from its function.
Abrasives
Authors: Babirad Stefan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe term “abrasives” applies to articles and processes that are involved in removal or refinement of a workpiece surface. Abrasive articles are used in a plethora of different processes including: metal de‐gating, grinding, shaping, cutting, deburring, finishing, sanding, cleaning, polishing and planarizing. Today abrasive articles are employed in some aspect in most manufactured goods sold. There are four major forms of abrasive articles. Bonded abrasives are three dimensional composite of abrasive grains dispersed in a bond system; one popular form is a grinding wheel. Coated abrasives are described as a plurality of abrasive grains bonded to a backing. Non‐woven abrasives comprise a plurality of abrasive grains bonded into and onto a porous non‐woven substrate. Loose abrasive slurries comprise a plurality of abrasive grains dispersed in a liquid medium (e.g. water) and are employed in polishing applications to achieve a very fine surface finish. These abrasive articles rely on a broad range of technologies including ceramics, inorganic chemistry, paper, textiles, organic chemistry, polymer science, surface chemistry and related process technologies. As these technologies have grown, so has the advancement of abrasive technologies to create abrasive articles with even higher efficiencies.
Calcium Sulfate
Authors: Lancia Amedeo , Musmarra Dino , Prisciandaro Marina 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCalcium sulfate, CaSO4, has several forms, ie, calcium sulfate dihydrate (commercially known as gypsum), calcium sulfate anhydrous (anhydrite), and calcium sulfate hemihydrate, which is present in two different structures, α‐hemihydrate and β‐hemihydrate (commercial name of β‐form: stucco or plaster of Paris). It is found abundantly in many areas of the world, where it is extracted by mining or quarrying, and recently, it has been obtained as a by‐product by numerous industrial applications. In natural deposits, the main form is the dehydrate; some hemihydrate is also present in most areas, although to a lesser extent. Gypsum is also obtained as a by‐product of various chemical processes. The main sources are from processes involving scrubbing gases evolved in burning fuels that contain sulfur (flue gas desulfurization gypsum), and the chemical synthesis of chemicals, such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, titanium dioxide, citric acid, and organic polymers. The hemihydrate is normally produced by heat conversion of the dihydrate. Stucco is the primary constituent used to fabricate products and in formulated plasters used in job‐ or shop‐site applications. Approximately 20–25 million metric tons of calcium sulfate are consumed annually. About 20% of it, in the dihydrate form, is used in fabricated or formulated building materials, Portland cement set regulation, and agricultural soil conditioning, whereas about 80% is processed into the commercially usable hemihydrate. The dehydration of gypsum, commonly referred to as calcination in the gypsum industry, is used to prepare hemihydrate or anhydrite. In addition, calcium sulfate precipitation is relevant in scaling problems, where gypsum formation is an unwanted occurrence, such as in water desalination, industrial water recovery in cooling tower technology, water distillation, and phosphoric acid production.
Computer‐Aided Chemical Engineering
Authors: Johns William 
Published: October 2011

AbstractComputer applications in chemical engineering range from methods that estimate chemical and physical properties through tools to develop and simulate efficient designs to methods of assessing the safety and environmental impact of the resulting processes. This article outlines the range of tools available before going on to describe the responsibilities of engineers who use these tools. There is guidance on the availability of tools to analyze and enhance the operation of existing processes, together with practical guidance on writing correct maintainable computer programs. The longevity of process engineering software is emphasized with the resulting importance of documentation and storage of source code. The differing priorities in writing off‐line and on‐line code are clarified.Throughout this article, it is emphasized that computer methods are available and used at every step of the process engineering cycle, including conception of product and process, optimization of design (including considerations of uncertainty), as well as startup and shutdown. For the operating plant, on‐line programs are used for both regulation and optimizing control.The material of this article is presented under three headings:The computer‐aids that are availableHow to use the tools effectivelyHow to write reliable software to cover those cases when ready‐made tools are not availableIt is emphasized that computer tools are required at every step in meeting the challenge to develop and operate cleaner, more efficient processes.
Ceramics, Structural
Authors: Morrell Roger 
Published: October 2011

AbstractStructural ceramics have been developed over the past 50 years with a number of specific drivers to take advantage of potential engineering possibilities, in particular wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high‐temperature mechancal performance, and oxidation and thermal shock resistance. A major driver was for heat engine applications, but cost and robustness limitations have not allowed markets to develop as once predicted. Nevertheless there is now a huge range of applications from orthopedics, seals, and valves to metal melting that are now almost completely reliant on these materials. This article describes compositional, manufacturing and property information on the principal material types, including alumina, silicon nitride, silicon carbide and zirconia based materials.
Preparation and characterization of polyimide/silane coupling agent modified multiwall carbon nanotubes composites
Authors: Cheng Yao‐Yi , Chou Shang‐Chih , Huang Jhih‐Hong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPolymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites have received much attention recently. In this study, we attempt to enhance the electrical conductivity of polyimide (PI) by variously modifying multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT). We report the successful synthesis of PI/MWNT composite films using a blending process, and examine their properties and morphology. We modified MWNT by three different methods: thermal purification (U‐CNT), oxidation with HNO3 (N‐CNT) and modification with a silane coupling agent (G‐CNT). We confirmed the successful preparation of the modified MWNTs by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The low amorphous surface characteristics of N‐CNT produced low surface resistance in the range of 105–106 Ω/cm2 for the PI/N‐CNT composites, which dispersed the buildup of electrostatic charge and improved dispersion. On the other hand, the better miscibility and interaction between G‐CNT and PI, for the PI/G‐CNT composites present superior thermal stability and mechanical properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Analytical approach of creep behavior of carpet yarn
Authors: Gao Xiaoping , Sun Yize , Meng Zhuo , Sun Zhijun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBased on mechanical models, the creep behavior of carpet yarns after dynamic loading was investigated. For prediction the creep elongation, the frequently used mechanical models reported in the literature were analyzed. The mechanical models which were used in this article were: standard linear model, four‐element model, two‐component Kelvin's model, and Eyring's model. The obtained creep formulas were fitted to experimental creep data, and the parameters of the model can be obtained using the Marquardt algorithm for nonlinear regression. When comparing the experimental creep curve with the fitted curve from the mechanical model, it is clear that the four‐element model explain the experimental creep curve better. During tufting machine stops, the carpet yarns were undergone constant load. The confirmed viscoelastic model will be used to calculate total creep elongation during carpet machine stoppage. Thus, the start‐up marks which occurred at carpet machine restarts can be exactly eliminated by adjusting the feeding length according to the creep elongation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis of a soluble polythiophene copolymer with thiophene–vinylene conjugated side chain and its applications in photovoltaic devices
Authors: Qu Bo , Jiang Zhongliang , Chen Zhijian , Xiao Lixin , Tian Di , Gao Chao , Wei Wei , Gong Qihuang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA new soluble polythiophene copolymer with thiophene‐vinylene conjugated side chain poly[3‐(5′‐octylthienylenevinyl) thiophene]‐thiophene (POTVTh‐Th) was successfully synthesized and characterized using NMR, UV‐visible spectroscopy, etc. To study the photovoltaic property of the copolymer, photovoltaic device of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/POTVTh‐Th:[6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) (weight ratio being 1 : 1)/LiF/Al was fabricated, in which POTVTh‐Th acted as the electron donor in the active layer. Under 100 mW/cm2 AM 1.5G simulated solar emission, the open‐circuit voltage and the short‐circuit current density of the device were 0.58 V and 2.50 mA/cm2, respectively. The power conversion efficiency and the fill factor of the photovoltaic device were evaluated to be 0.42% and 0.30. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of injection molded poly(lactic acid)/SEBS‐g‐MAH/organo‐montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Leu Y. Y. , Mohd Ishak Z. A. , Chow W. S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPoly(lactic acid)/organo‐montmorillonite (PLA/OMMT) nanocomposites toughened with maleated styrene‐ethylene/butylene‐styrene (SEBS‐g‐MAH) were prepared by melt‐compounding using co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder followed by injection molding. The dispersibility and intercalation/exfoliation of OMMT in PLA was characterized using X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties of the PLA nanocomposites was investigated by tensile and Izod impact tests. Thermogravimetric analyzer and differential scanning calorimeter were used to study the thermal behaviors of the nanocomposite. The homogenous dispersion of the OMMT silicate layers and SEBS‐g‐MAH encapsulated OMMT layered silicate can be observed from TEM. Impact strength and elongation at break of the PLA nanocomposites was enhanced significantly by the addition of SEBS‐g‐MAH. Thermal stability of the PLA/OMMT nanocomposites was improved in the presence of SEBS‐g‐MAH. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012