bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating multiple data sources to assess the distribution and abundance of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in Scottish waters
Authors: Cheney Barbara , Thompson Paul M. , Ingram Simon N. , Hammond Philip S. , Stevick Peter T. , Durban John W. , Culloch Ross M. , Elwen Simon H. , Mandleberg Laura , Janik Vincent M. , Quick Nicola J. , ISLAS‐Villanueva Valentina , Robinson Kevin P. , Costa Marina , Eisfeld Sonja M. , Walters Alice , Phillips Charlie , Weir Caroline R. , Evans Peter G.H. , Anderwald Pia , Reid Robert J. , Reid James B. , Wilson Ben 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The distribution, movements and abundance of highly mobile marine species such as bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus are best studied at large spatial scales, but previous research effort has generally been focused on relatively small areas, occupied by populations with high site fidelity.
We aimed to characterize the distribution, movements and abundance of bottlenose dolphins around the coasts of Scotland, exploring how data from multiple sources could be integrated to build a broader‐scale picture of their ecology.
We reviewed existing historical data, integrated data from ongoing studies and developed new collaborative studies to describe distribution patterns. We adopted a Bayesian multi‐site mark‐recapture model to estimate abundance of bottlenose dolphins throughout Scottish coastal waters and quantified movements of individuals between study areas.
The majority of sightings of bottlenose dolphins around the Scottish coastline are concentrated on the east and west coasts, but records are rare before the 1990s. Dedicated photo‐identification studies in 2006 and 2007 were used to estimate the size of two resident populations: one on the east coast from the Moray Firth to Fife, population estimate 195 [95% highest posterior density intervals (HPDI): 162–253] and the second in the Hebrides, population estimate 45 (95% HPDI: 33–66). Interaction parameters demonstrated that the dolphins off the east coast of Scotland are highly mobile, whereas those off the west coast form two discrete communities.
We provide the first comprehensive assessment of the abundance of bottlenose dolphins in the inshore waters of Scotland. The combination of dedicated photo‐identification studies and opportunistic sightings suggest that a relatively small number of bottlenose dolphins (200–300 individuals) occur regularly in Scottish coastal waters. On both east and west coasts, re‐sightings of identifiable individuals indicate that the animals have been using these coastal areas since studies began.
Polyembryony in Melastomataceae from Brazilian Cerrado: multiple embryos in a small world
Authors: Mendes‐Rodrigues C. , Oliveira P. E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPolyembryony has been commonly associated with apomixis in the angiosperms and seems to be more common than expected, even in biomes where sexual reproduction processes are predominant. Recent studies in Cerrado, the Neotropical savannas of Central Brazil, showed high frequencies of apomixis and polyembryony and indicated these processes as reproductive and evolutionary alternatives for plants in these areas. In this sense, we investigated the occurrence of polyembryony and its relationships with ecological (season and type of dispersal, ploidy, species distribution and breeding system) and taxonomic (tribe) factors in the Melastomataceae, a mostly tropical family already known for its high frequency of apomixis and very common in Cerrado. We collected seeds from 69 populations of 53 species, which were sown in germination chambers. After seed germination, the presence and number of seedlings per seed were evaluated as a method to estimate polyembryony. We encountered 18 species (33.96%) with polyembryony (more than one seedling, or gemellar seedlings, originated per seed) concentrated in species of the tribe Miconieae (64%) and Microlicieae (16.67%), but absent in Melastomeae. Monoembryony was present only in sexual species, while all apomictic species were polyembryonic. In Miconia, the polyembryony was correlated with polyploidy, and monoembryony with diploid species. Polyembryony was more common among species with wide distribution in the Cerrado region, which indicates that the presence of gemellar seedlings is important for establishment and survival of the group in the Cerrado biome.
Histochemical and Morphometric Analyses of the Musculature of the Forelimb of the Subterranean Rodent Ctenomys talarum (Octodontoidea)
Authors: Alvarez G. I. , Díaz A. O. , Longo M. V. , Becerra F. , Vassallo A. I. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryHistochemical and morphometric analyses were performed to characterize the fibre‐type composition of two forelimb muscles of the South American subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum. The studied muscles were the triceps lateralis, an extensor of the elbow, and the teres major, a flexor of the shoulder. It was found that these muscles had an elevated proportion of fast oxidative‐glycolytic (FOG) fibres, and lower proportions of slow oxidative (SO) and fast glycolytic (FG) fibres. This composition probably qualifies the teres major and triceps muscles to perform the sustained effort required in tunnelling excavation. The results were discussed considering published data on fibre‐type composition of mammals having different modes of life and digging behaviour. We here suggest that C. talarum has the potential of generating forces linked to rapid, powerful movements during sustained periods by means of an elevated proportion of FOG fibres, together with osteological changes that result in a great mechanical advantage of the forelimb muscles.
Spatial localization and projection densities of brainstem mossy fibre afferents to the forelimb C1 zone of the rat cerebellum
Authors: Herrero Luis , Pardoe Joanne , Cerminara Nadia L. , Apps Richard 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe present study uses a double retrograde tracer technique in rats to examine the spatial localization and pattern of axonal branching in mossy fibres arising from three major sources in the medulla—the external cuneate nucleus, the sensory trigeminal nucleus and the reticular formation, to two electrophysiologically‐identified parts of the cerebellar cortex that are linked by common climbing fibre input – the forelimb‐receiving parts of the C1 zone in lobulus simplex and the paramedian lobule. In each experiment a small injection of rhodamine‐tagged beads was injected into one cortical region and an injection of fluorescein‐tagged beads was injected into the other region. The main findings were: (i) the proportion of double‐labelled cells in each of the three precerebeller sources of mossy fibres was positively correlated with those in the inferior olive; and (ii) the C1 zone in lobulus simplex was found to receive a greater density of projections from all three sources of mossy fibres than the C1 zone in the paramedian lobule. These data suggest that two rostrocaudally separated but somatotopically corresponding parts of the C1 zone receive common mossy fibre and climbing fibre inputs. However, the differences in projection densities also suggest that the two parts of the zone differ in the extent to which they receive mossy fibre signals arising from the same precerebellar nuclei. This implies differences in function between somatotopically corresponding parts of the same cortical zone, and could enable a higher degree of parallel processing and integration of information within them.
A narrative review of psychological and educational strategies applied to young children's eating behaviours aimed at reducing obesity risk
Authors: Gibson E. L. , Kreichauf S. , Wildgruber A. , Vögele C. , Summerbell C. D. , Nixon C. , Moore H. , Douthwaite W. , Manios Y. ,   ToyBox‐Study Group
Published: February 2012

SummaryStrategies to reduce risk of obesity by influencing preschool children's eating behaviour are reviewed. The studies are placed in the context of relevant psychological processes, including inherited and acquired preferences, and behavioural traits, such as food neophobia, ‘enjoyment of food’ and ‘satiety responsiveness’. These are important influences on how children respond to feeding practices, as well as predictors of obesity risk. Nevertheless, in young children, food environment and experience are especially important for establishing eating habits and food preferences. Providing information to parents, or to children, on healthy feeding is insufficient. Acceptance of healthy foods can be encouraged by five to ten repeated tastes. Recent evidence suggests rewarding healthy eating can be successful, even for verbal praise alone, but that palatable foods should not be used as rewards for eating. Intake of healthier foods can be promoted by increasing portion size, especially in the beginning of the meal. Parental strategies of pressuring to eat and restriction do not appear to be causally linked to obesity, but are instead primarily responses to children's eating tendencies and weight. Moderate rather than frequent restriction may improve healthy eating in children. Actively positive social modelling by adults and peers can be effective in encouraging healthier eating.
Producing an Indigenous Knowledge Web GIS for Arctic Alaska Communities: Challenges, Successes, and Lessons Learned
Authors: Eisner Wendy R. , Jelacic Jessica , Cuomo Chris J. , Kim Changjoo , Hinkel Kenneth M. , Del Alba Dorin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA traditional knowledge “Iñupiaq Web GIS”, based on a five‐year study and containing observations and environmental knowledge of Iñupiat communities indigenous to Arctic Alaska, was incorporated into a Web‐based platform. The website, “Arctic Cultural Cartography,” was created to be an open portal through which the password‐protected “Iñupiaq Web GIS” could be accessed. We discuss the process of developing the web GIS including the incorporation of user‐friendly features such as links to interactive maps, video clips of interviews, discussion boards, and the integration of popular web interfaces such as Facebook. We also discuss short‐ and long‐term goals for the further development of the GIS, its potential as a sustainable, participatory online database for sharing pertinent ecological knowledge, and challenges in achieving optimal community involvement given constraints imposed by remote locations with limited bandwidth.
Decreased NURR1 and PITX3 gene expression in Chinese patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Liu H. , Wei L. , Tao Q. , Deng H. , Ming M. , Xu P. , Le W. 
Published: February 2012

Background and purpose:  The preferential degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta is the pathological hallmark in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The transcription factors NURR1 and PITX3 have been shown to play a crucial role in the maturation and survival of mDA neurons, and both of them were potential susceptibility genes for PD.Methods:  To determine whether NURR1 and PITX3 gene expression are altered in Chinese patients with PD, we measured their gene expression in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in 255 patients with PD and 211 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls by quantitative real‐time PCR technique.Results:  We found that both NURR1 and PITX3 gene expression in PBL were significantly decreased in patients with PD as compared with controls (P < 0.0001). Lower levels of NURR1 and PITX3 gene expression were significantly associated with the increased risk for PD in male and older subjects, respectively.Conclusions:  Our results provide useful information that the NURR1 and PITX3 gene expression is decreased in the PBL of Chinese patients with PD, indicating their possible systemic involvement in PD.
The Long‐Term Outcome of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment for Patients with Chronic Pain: A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Oosterhof Jan , Wilder‐Smith Oliver H. , de Boo Theo , Oostendorp Rob A. B. , Crul Ben J. P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground:  Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an easy to use analgesic intervention. However, long‐term randomized placebo‐controlled studies with treatment periods of more than 3 months have not been executed to date. The aim of our study is to explore the long‐term (1 year) time course of the treatment effects of TENS compared to placebo (sham TENS).Method:  We performed a randomized placebo‐controlled trial in patients with chronic pain (165), referred to a multidisciplinary pain center of a university hospital. Main outcome measures are the proportion of patients satisfied with treatment result and willing to continue treatment, pain intensity, pain disability, and perceived health status.Results:  Survival analysis of time courses of proportions of satisfied patients revealed no significant differences (P = 0.79; log‐rank test) for TENS treatment compared to sham TENS. After 1 year, 30% (24/81) of the patients of the TENS group and 23% (19/82) of the sham TENS group were satisfied with treatment result. These patients experienced a mean overall improvement of 62.7% (n = 43). This effect was not significantly different between both groups. For satisfied patients, there were no differences in pain intensity or disability and perceived health status between the TENS and sham TENS group.Conclusions:  Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and sham TENS show similar effects in patients with chronic pain over a period of 1 year. We found support for a long sustained placebo effect.
A Comprehensive Review of Telehealth for Pain Management: Where We Are and The Way Ahead
Authors: McGeary Donald D. , McGeary Cindy A. , Gatchel Robert J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPain is generally undertreated in the United States, owing to a number of barriers including geographic distance from specialty treatment providers; functional disability that limits mobility; treatment‐related stigma; economic limitations; and educational barriers. Pain undertreatment exacerbates pain chronicity and emotional disruption that can significantly erode a pain patient’s quality of life, and there is widespread agreement that pain care must evolve to address this significant problem. The growing field of telehealth (defined for the purposes of this paper as technology that allows for distance interaction between providers and/or patients) offers a novel opportunity to expand pain assessment, consultation, and treatment services beyond the walls of the specialty pain clinic, but there is limited availability of resources describing how to best use this technology to improve access to care. A recent literature review (September 2011) using universally endorsed MeSH search criteria revealed only 32 MEDLINE references focusing on telehealth for pain. This is surprising in light of the very large number of references covering telehealth (14,164 references) and pain (104,564 references), respectively. Of the studies available, there are very few randomized trials of telehealth pain care and only one general overview of e‐health and chronic pain, which dedicates just a few paragraphs to telehealth. This manuscript represents one of the first comprehensive reviews of the current state of telehealth and pain management research and practice. The goals are to provide a rationale for the potential benefit of telehealth‐based pain management services; describe the various applications of telehealth technology for pain management; orient the reader to cost models for telehealth; present examples of services in place; and offer recommendations for future research based on the current state of knowledge.
Blood graft lymphocyte subsets after plerixafor injection in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients mobilizing poorly with chemotherapy plus granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor
Authors: Varmavuo Ville , Mäntymaa Pentti , Kuittinen Taru , Nousiainen Tapio , Jantunen Esa 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND: A combination of chemotherapy plus granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) (chemomobilization) is commonly used to mobilize CD34+ cells to circulation. Plerixafor, a chemokine CXCR4 antagonist, increases the mobilization of CD34+ cells and may also have effect on graft composition.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We have analyzed lymphocyte subsets in grafts collected on the next morning after plerixafor injection in 13 chemomobilized patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) mobilizing poorly. As controls we had the first leukapheresis products from 11 NHL patients mobilized with chemotherapy plus G‐CSF. The analyses were performed from cryopreserved apheresis products.RESULTS: The median counts of both total CD3+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells (CD3–CD16/56+) in the graft were significantly higher in plerixafor‐treated group compared to the control group. Both helper T‐lymphocytes (CD3+CD4+) and suppressor T‐lymphocytes (CD3+CD8+) were significantly increased in the plerixafor‐treated group so that CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the graft did not differ between the groups. CD19+ cells were evident only at very small amounts in few patients in both groups, and the CD34+ cell content of the graft did not differ between the groups. Engraftment after high‐dose therapy was comparable between the groups.CONCLUSION: Plerixafor added to chemomobilization in poor mobilizers seems to mobilize more T cells and NK cells than chemomobilization. Larger patient numbers and longer follow‐up is needed in regard to evaluate posttransplant complications and risk of relapse in patients receiving plerixafor due to poor mobilization.
Assessment of Toll‐like receptor‐4 gene polymorphism on pyelonephritis and renal scar
Authors: Akil I. , Ozkinay F. , Onay H. , Canda E. , Gumuser G. , Kavukcu S. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the TLR‐4 gene TLR4 c.896A<G polymorphism on the development and clinical severity of urinary tract infections (UTI) and renal scar formations in children. The patients with first diagnosis of UTI (n = 112) and healthy controls (n = 93) were enrolled in the study. The TLR4 c.896A<G polymorphism was analysed in groups. The mean age of the patients in the study group was 8.1 ± 3.5 years and 9.2 ± 2.7 years for those in the control group. The TLR4 c.896A<G polymorphism was detected in 12.5% in the UTI group and in 15.1% of the control group. Forty patients showed pyelonephritis (PN) with scar tissue, 37 patients had PN without scars, and 35 patients had lower UTI. The TLR4 c.896A<G polymorphism was found in 22.5% of patients with scar‐positive PN, and it was also present in 10.8% of patients with scar‐negative PN and 2.9% of patients with lower UTI. We found higher TLR4 c.896A<G polymorphism and allelic frequency in patients with upper UTI compared to patients with lower UTI (P = 0.041 and P = 0.039, respectively). No significant difference was observed between patients and the control group for TLR‐4 c.896A3. The TLR4 c.896A<G polymorphism and alleles were higher in patients with upper UTI than in patients with lower UTI. The TLR4 c.896A<G polymorphism frequency was nearly twice that in the scar‐positive PN patients when compared to the scar‐negative patients. Larger‐scale studies involving larger numbers of patients should be performed.
Clinical outcomes of palliative self‐expanding metallic stents in patients with malignant colorectal obstruction
Authors: KIM Byung Chang , HAN Kyung Su , HONG Chang Won , SOHN Dae Kyung , PARK Ji Won , PARK Sung Chan , KIM Sun Young , BAEK Ji Yeon , CHOI Hyo Seong , CHANG Hee Jin , KIM Dae Yong , OH Jae Hwan 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE:  Self‐expanding metallic stents (SEMS) are useful palliative option and a bridge to surgery in malignant colorectal obstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of SEMS to palliate colorectal malignant obstruction.METHODS:  Malignant colorectal obstructive patients who underwent SEMS insertion at the National Cancer Center, Korea from January 2004 to June 2008 were enrolled in the study. Patients' clinical characteristics, outcomes and complications for palliative SEMS insertion were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS:  A total of 54 patients were enrolled in the palliative SEMS group and 48 patients with obstructive CRC were included in the SEMS as the bridge to surgery group. Obstruction of the left colon occurred in 52 patients of the palliative SEMS group and all patients in SEMS as bridge to surgery group. For primary SEMS insertion, the technical success (TS) rate was 87.0% and the clinical success (CS) rate 89.4%, while the rates of early and late complications were 24.1% and 23.4%, respectively. There was no procedure‐related mortality. Stent migration rate was higher in the cases treated with small diameter and covered type of stents. Median time to reobstruction and migration were 85 and 101 days, respectively. TS and CS rates for SEMS reinsertion were comparable to those for primary SEMS insertion.CONCLUSIONS:  Palliative SEMS are effective and favorable procedures for malignant colorectal obstruction but with some complications. Stent migration is associated with covered type and small diameter stents while other factors including length of stent and chemotherapy do not affect stent complications in the present study.
Relationship between pancreatic and/or extrapancreatic lesions and serum IgG and IgG4 levels in IgG4‐related diseases
Authors: IGARASHI Hisato , ITO Tetsuhide , OONO Takamasa , NAKAMURA Taichi , FUJIMORI Nao , NIINA Yusuke , HIJIOKA Masayuki , UCHIDA Masahiko , LEE Ringaku , IWAO Risa , NAKAMURA Kazuhiko , KOTOH Kazuhiro , TAKAYANAGI Ryoichi 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE:  We aimed to investigate the relationship between the number of involved organs or regions and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) levels.METHODS:  The number of pancreatic and/or extrapancreatic lesions and serum IgG and IgG4 levels were examined by groups in 46 patients with IgG4‐related diseases at diagnosis prior to the initiation of steroid treatment: group A (one region involved, n = 7), group B (two regions involved, n = 11), group C (three regions involved, n = 12), group D (four regions involved, n = 9) and group E (five to seven regions involved, n = 7).RESULTS:  Both serum IgG and IgG4 levels increased with the number of inflamed regions. Mean serum IgG levels were 15.11, 18.65, 20.92, 23.29 and 30.98 g/L while the mean IgG4 levels were 3.99, 4.70, 4.70, 9.86 and 16.49 g/L in group A, B, C, D and E, respectively. Regression analysis also suggested that IgG4 was positively correlated with the number of regions involved. Additionally, serum IgG4 was higher in patients with multiple lesions when accompanied by sclerosing sialadenitis.CONCLUSION:  Patients having IgG4‐related disease with high serum IgG and IgG4 levels should be systematically examined for involved lesions.