bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Depressive Illness in Teens and Preteens and Effectiveness of the RADS‐2 as a First‐Stage Assessment. Part 1: Descriptive Paper
Authors: Weber Scott 
Published: June 2009

PROBLEM:  Measurement of the characteristics and severity of depression in adolescence is an emerging science. During patient assessment, or if using first‐stage screening measures in practice, nurses must be confident that these instruments demonstrate high levels of accuracy in capturing the specific features of depressive symptoms expressed in diverse individuals.METHODS:  A review of the scientific literature of depressive illness and its assessment in teens and preteens is presented. The Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale–Revised (RADS‐2) measure is introduced and evaluated from a nursing practice standpoint.FINDINGS:  The RADS‐2 is easy to use and demonstrates good reliability, validity, and construct features, providing evidence for nurses that the measure can be used with confidence in assessment of depressive symptoms in adolescents.CONCLUSIONS:  The RADS‐2 is an effective first‐stage assessment of depressive mood in teens and preteens.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Results of Psychometric Testing of the RADS‐2 With School‐Based Adolescents Seeking Assistance for Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Concerns. Part 2: Research Brief
Authors: Weber Scott 
Published: June 2009

PROBLEM:  First‐stage measures of depressive symptoms need to demonstrate high levels of accuracy in capturing all the facets of depressive illness in order to be maximally useful for nurses performing psychosocial assessments and for nurse researchers.METHODS:  Reliability, validity, and factor analysis testing were conducted on the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS‐2). Factor analysis testing examined each item of the instrument to identify the clinical characteristic it measures as well as the broad profiles of symptoms the instrument reveals.FINDINGS:  Four factors were identified and all appear to demonstrate adequate internal consistency reliability.CONCLUSIONS:  Psychometric results demonstrate a firm foundation for nursing clinical and research uses for the RADS‐2.
One Year Efficacy and Safety of Lanthanum Carbonate for Hyperphosphatemia in Japanese Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Shigematsu Takashi ,   Lanthanum Carbonate Research Group
Published: June 2009

AbstractLanthanum carbonate is a non‐calcium‐based phosphate binder for hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The efficacy and safety of lanthanum carbonate (LaC) on hyperphosphatemia in patients has been well documented in clinical trials in Western countries and recent relatively short‐term clinical trials in Japan. Evidence supporting its safety and efficacy in Japanese patients for longer‐term treatment is now desired for clinical practice. A non‐controlled, open‐label, multicenter, one year study of LaC to assess safety and its effect on the levels of serum phosphate, serum calcium and parathyroid hormone was performed with Japanese dialysis patients. Lanthanum carbonate was administered to patients at variable doses for a period of 46–52 weeks. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of LaC in reducing serum phosphate was performed, in addition to extensive and systematic monitoring of the laboratory parameters related to bone turnover and cardiac health. A significant reduction in the serum phosphate level was demonstrated throughout the treatment period (P < 0.05), without any increase in the frequency or severity of drug‐related adverse events such as vomiting, nausea, and stomach discomfort. There was no clinically relevant change in vital signs, or electrocardiograms for a period. The profiles for parathyroid hormone, bone alkaline phosphates, and osteocalcin were stable in the patients concomitantly treated with vitamin D. This study provides further evidence that the administration of LaC over a period of one year is safe and effective for the reduction of serum phosphate levels in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.
EFFECT OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE ON MEAT QUALITY OF MUSCLE WITH DIFFERENT FIBER TYPE COMPOSITION FROM KOREAN NATIVE CATTLE (HANWOO)
Authors: HUR S.J. , PARK G.B. , JOO S.T. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACT Three kinds of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) muscles (Loin, strip loin and inside round) were obtained from a local farm and then divided into two storage temperatures (0 and 5C), respectively. In meat color, redness (a*) was significantly higher in 5C storage samples compared with 0C storage samples in all muscle samples after 7 days of storage. Loin had significantly lower purge loss than other muscle samples, whereas inside round was significantly higher in purge loss. Strip loin showed lower shear force values compared with those of other muscle samples. 5C storage samples had significantly higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value than 0C storage samples in all muscle samples. In sensory evaluation, overall acceptability was significantly higher at 14 or 21 days of storage in all muscle samples, and 5C storage samples showed higher overall acceptability compared with 0C storage samples.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis result will obtain information to help understand the meat quality in Hanwoo for the foreign scientists. The results of the present study showed that meat qualities of Hanwoo were much higher in 5C storage sample compared with 0C samples in all muscle samples until 35 days of storage, and loin sample showed higher sensory score than strip loin and inside round samples.
Ambulatory Urodynamics in Asymptomatic, Young, Healthy Male Volunteers
Authors: YAMANISHI Tomonori , MASUDA Akinori , MIZUNO Tomoya , KAMAI Takao , TATSUMIYA Katsuhisa , FUKUDA Takehiko , FURUYA Nobutaka , WATANABE Miho , SAKAKIBARA Ryuji , UCHIYAMA Tomoyuki , YOSHIDA Ken‐Ichiro 
Published: June 2009

Objectives: To assess the incidence of detrusor overactivity and reproducibility of data from ambulatory urodynamic monitoring (AUM) in male volunteers.Methods: Sixteen asymptomatic healthy male volunteers with a mean age of 26.3 years (range: 22–30) underwent AUM by natural filling cystometry followed by a pressure/flow study. The studies were repeated three times.Results: Detrusor overactivity (DO) was detected in six subjects (37.5%), but clinically significant detrusor overactivity was noted only in three (18.8%). Qmax, detrusor opening pressure, and PdetQmax were similar among the three measurements. The bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI) varied, and there was a significant difference between the first and third measurements (P = 0.0371). Obstruction grade was ranked as unobstructed in all studies for 13 subjects, equivocal (BOOI 45 and 46) in one subject, and both unobstructed and equivocal (BOOI 30, 43 and 30) in one subject. There was a significant difference in bladder contractility index (BCI) between the first and third studies (P = 0.0186). The BCI was always strong in five subjects, always normal in eight subjects, and strong to normal in three subjects.Conclusion: DO was found in 37.5% of male volunteers. BOOI and BCI may not be highly reproducible, and the third study may provide the best result if the first and second studies differ. However, 87.5% of subjects were rated as unobstructed and all subjects were rated as normal or strong, with the categories of obstruction and bladder contractility showing no change in most subjects. AUM with three studies seem adequate for the evaluation of lower urinary tract dysfunction in males.
Excitatory and Inhibitory Influence of Pathways in the Pelvic Nerve on Bladder Activity in Rats with Bladder Outlet Obstruction
Authors: SUGAYA Kimio , DE GROAT William C. 
Published: June 2009

Objectives:This study was undertaken to investigate whether chronic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in female rats influences the tonic parasympathetic excitatory or inhibitory reflex control of bladder activity.Methods:Bladder activity during isovolumetric cystometry (1.5–12 mL) was examined after transection of dorsal and ventral lumbosacral spinal roots (L4–S4) and administration of hexamethonium, a ganglionic blocking agent, in urethane anesthetized female rats with sympathectomy and BOO.Results:Lumbosacral dorsal root transection abolished reflex bladder contractions, but did not influence intravesical baseline pressure. However, ventral root transection after dorsal root transection decreased baseline intravesical pressure (y: % change) at low bladder volumes (x) and increased pressure at high volumes. The calculated (y = 1.9x − 16.5) transition volume was 9 mL. Administration of hexamethonium (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) after dorsal and ventral root transection increased the amplitude and decreased the frequency of myogenic bladder contractions.Conclusion:The bladder is tonically excited or inhibited depending upon bladder volume by the interactions between a parasympathetic preganglionic pathway in the pelvic nerve and a peripheral reflex. However, in rats with BOO, the volume at which the response shifts from excitation to inhibition was very large, and tonic function of the parasympathetic preganglionic pathway was weak compared to previously reported results in rats without BOO. The persistence of reflex tonic excitatory control of bladder tone over a broad range of bladder volumes may be one of the reasons for overactivity of the bladder with outlet obstruction.
Recurrence of Human Streptococcus suis Infections in 2007: Three Cases of Meningitis and Implications that Heterogeneous S. suis 2 Circulates in China
Authors: Feng Y. , Shi X. , Zhang H. , Zhang S. , Ma Y. , Zheng B. , Han H. , Lan Q. , Tang J. , Cheng J. , Gao G. F. , Hu Q. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryEmergence of fatal Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2, SS2) in China, 2005, has greatly challenged the public health, raising serious concerns about its global circulation. Whole genome sequencing of the representative strains has identified a potential pathogenicity island (PAI), named 89K. Here, we reported the recurrence of human S. suis meningitis cases (two in Shenzhen City and one in Sichuan Province) in China, in 2007. Multiple lines of evidence supported that these human cases are caused by highly pathogenic SS2 isolates. Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that these re‐emerging SS2 isolates (07CQH01, 07SZH01 and 07SZH02) can be featured with different genotypes. Molecular dissection demonstrated that they all share 89K, the newly proposed PAI that is common to 2005 prevalent strains in China. Further mapping of 89K revealed that gene losses/deletions occur in 07CQH01 and 07SZH01, except 07SZH02. These findings suggested that heterogeneous SS2 circulates in China, with the capability of causing endemic with life‐threatening danger.
The slipping slipper sign: a marker of severe peripheral diabetic neuropathy and foot sepsis
Authors: Teelucksingh S , Ramdass M J , Charran A , Mungalsingh C , Seemungal T , Naraynsingh V 
Published: June 2009

Abstract

Background
Peripheral neuropathy is a major contributor to diabetic foot complications including ulceration, sepsis and limb loss. The aim of this study was to document the frequency of this previously undocumented clinical marker of peripheral neuropathy, the “slipping slipper sign” (SSS), characterised by unrecognised loss of slippers from one’s feet while walking, and to compare it with traditional clinical tests for peripheral neuropathy.

Objective
To evaluate the relationship between a positive SSS and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Subjects and methods
The study included 105 diabetic outpatients without active foot problems, 40 diabetic inpatients with active foot sepsis, and 69 other patients with neither diabetes nor active foot sepsis as negative controls. Demographic data, clinical neuropathy scores and the presence or absence of the SSS were obtained.

Results
No control subjects had a positive SSS. In contrast, 64 of 145 diabetic patients had severe neuropathy of whom 53 had a positive SSS (83% sensitivity) and 74 of 81 without severe neuropathy had a negative SSS (91% specificity). Diabetic patients with concurrent foot sepsis had a higher frequency of severe neuropathy (70%) and positive SSS (65%) compared with those without (36% and 35%, respectively, p&lt;0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that a positive SSS was strongly related to severity of neuropathy independent of duration of diabetes.

Conclusion
The SSS reflects severe peripheral neuropathy and is particularly prevalent among those with active foot disease. Patients who have experienced the SSS should be encouraged to seek attention and preventive action taken.
Geochronological evolution of HP metamorphic rocks of the Adula nappe, Central Alps, in pre-Alpine and Alpine subduction cycles
Authors: Liati Anthi , Gebauer Dieter , Fanning C.Mark 
Published: June 2009

Abstract:

SHRIMP dating of zircon from eclogites, their country rock gneisses and quartz veins from the northern and middle Adula nappe, Central Alps, accompanied by cathodoluminescence imaging and REE geochemistry of these dated zircon crystals revealed that the Adula nappe has been affected by two pre-Alpine high-pressure (HP) metamorphic events (northern:
c
. 330–340 Ma; middle:
c
. 370 Ma). In the northern Adula nappe, loss of radiogenic Pb of the
c
. 330–340 Ma zircon domains in combination with previous geochronological data argue for an overprinting Alpine HP event. In the middle Adula nappe, metamorphic zircon domains record in addition a 33–32 Ma event, interpreted to reflect HT metamorphism, already identified in the southern part of the nappe, where such SHRIMP ages have been related to HT (Lepontine) metamorphism. The Alpine HP event indicated by previous SHRIMP data in the southern Adula nappe at
c
. 35 Ma is not recorded in the zircons of the rocks dated herein. The absence in this dataset is probably because either no HP (
c
. 35 Ma) zircon domains were formed or such domains were completely reset during the 33–32 Ma HT event. Protolith ages of orthogneisses and eclogites are 470–457 Ma and 595–587 Ma, respectively, and maximum sedimentation ages of paragneisses 500–460 Ma. The lack of Hercynian protolith zircon ages implies pre-Hercynian formation for the precursors of the dated HP rocks. Our data suggest that the Adula nappe contains various Hercynian basement slivers that underwent subduction to HP conditions at
c
. 330–340 Ma and
c
. 370 Ma prior to the Alpine orogeny, similar to many other parts of the Hercynian basement in Central and Southern Europe.

Supplementary material:

U, Pb and Th SHRIMP data and REE and trace element analyses are availaible at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18367
.
On the occurrence and boron isotopic composition of tourmaline in (ultra)high-pressure metamorphic rocks
Authors: Marschall Horst R. , Korsakov Andrey V. , Luvizotto George L. , Nasdala Lutz , Ludwig Thomas 
Published: June 2009

Abstract:

The extensive
P–T
stability and the high chemical variability of tourmaline (Tur) together with its common occurrence in metasediments proves its high potential for petrological and (isotope) geochemical studies on fluid–rock interaction in subduction- and collision-related rocks. This paper reviews the occurrence, major element chemistry and boron isotopic composition of Tur in high- and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (UHPM) rocks. In addition, it presents a new discovery of coesite-bearing Tur (schorl) from the Erzgebirge (Germany), as well as Tur (dravite) related to the retrograde history of coesite- and diamond-bearing rocks from the Erzgebirge and the Kokchetav Massif (Kazakhstan). The scarce data on worldwide occurrences of (U)HPM Tur reveal a high occupation of the crystallographic X-site (dominated by Na) and the possible presence of excess B, with little further distinctiveness in its major element composition when compared with Tur from medium-grade rocks. High K
2
O contents in Tur are probably not related to UHP growth or equilibration. The B isotopic composition of (U)HPM Tur ranges in δ
11
B from −16 to +1‰, with many samples in or below the range of continental crust. In contrast, Tur formed during retrograde fluid influx typically shows high δ
11
B values (up to +28‰), suggesting heavy-B fluids infiltrating the exhuming (U)HPM units. Coesite inclusions in Tur, characterized by Raman spectroscopy, are regarded as the best indicator for its UHP stability.

Supplementary material:

Analytical methods, tourmaline compositions and boron isotope values are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18354
.
Isotope domain mapping of
87
Sr/
86
Sr biosphere variation on the Isle of Skye, Scotland
Authors: Evans J.A. , Montgomery J. , Wildman G. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract:

The potential of
87
Sr/
86
Sr isotope composition for tracking and determining the origin of material, whether it is humans, animals, water or wine can be fully realized only if high-quality reference datasets are available against which to compare the unknowns. This is currently not the case. Despite the rapid increase in
87
Sr/
86
Sr-based provenance studies of biosphere materials there are no well-documented maps available. Most researchers resort to generating reference maps from a variety of geological datasets plus the analysis of sparse ’environmental' samples. A major reason for this lack of reference material is the investment needed to undertake systematic sampling and analysis over large areas. A further problem is associated with the choice of proxy material, as organisms differ in their habitat and exploitation of resources. In this paper various approaches to isotope biosphere sampling are considered, some of the problems are assessed, the precision required for the study of human populations is discussed, and a first attempt is made to condense all of the available information into an ’isotope package' map. The work is based on a study undertaken on the Isle of Skye, in the Inner Hebrides, and reduces the complexity of geological and isotope data into five main
87
Sr/
86
Sr packages: Package 1 (northern area) = 0.705–0.7092; Package 2 (NE coast) = 0.7082–0.7102; Package 3 (granitic rocks) = 0.716–0.720; Package 4 (metamorphic rocks) = 0.7092–0.7188; Package 5 (seawater) = 0.7092 ± 0.005% (2σ). The approach of trying to constrain the isotope composition of certain areas and/or lithologies offers the possibility of extrapolating to other similar areas without having to sample at the original density.
Petrogenesis of Sr-rich adakitic rocks at volcanic arcs: insights from global variations of eruptive style with plate convergence rates and surface heat flux
Authors: Zellmer Georg F. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract:

Using global correlations of effusive eruption style with convergence rates and surface heat flux at volcanic arcs, this study identifies several arcs with excess surface heat flux, related to the presence of unusually hot and H
2
O-poor magmas. Geophysical evidence suggests that these melts are linked to discontinuities in the subducting slab, which would facilitate upwelling of hot sub-slab asthenospheric mantle. It is demonstrated that excess heat flux arcs are sites where Sr-rich adakitic compositions are generated, and that the arc proportion erupting Sr-rich adakitic magmas is directly proportional to the degree of observed heat flux excess. A model is presented in which the formation of Sr-rich adakitic compositions, which require garnet as a residual phase, is facilitated at excess heat flux arcs as a result of a decrease in H
2
O content through contributions from sub-slab asthenospheric mantle, leading to an expansion of the garnet stability field. Future geochemical, geophysical and experimental work required to test this model is addressed.
The Tiger Gabbro from northern Victoria Land, Antarctica: the roots of an island arc within the early Palaeozoic margin of Gondwana
Authors: Bracciali Laura , Di Vincenzo Gianfranco , Rocchi Sergio , Ghezzo Claudio 
Published: June 2009

Abstract:
The Tiger Gabbro layered intrusion is one of the few mafic intrusive bodies found along the ancient Antarctic Gondwana margin. Major and trace element data and Sr–Nd isotope compositions for gabbronorites indicate an island arc signature for the Tiger Gabbro parental magma. This is the first evidence for an island arc from plutonic rocks in northern Victoria Land. The interpretation of the Tiger Gabbro as the roots of an Early Cambrian island arc (535 ± 21 Ma, Sm–Nd age), integrated with geochemical and geochronological data from the literature, matches the occurrence of the Glasgow volcanic rocks in the southern Bowers terrane, which possibly represents its effusive counterpart. A scenario for the early Palaeozoic Antarctic Gondwana margin is hence proposed in which the Tiger volcanic arc developed on the Robertson Bay microplate in response to subduction of the palaeo-Pacific plate. The Tiger arc igneous activity was coeval to the Wilson continental arc (represented by the Granite Harbour intrusive rocks), with the two subduction zones merging southwards into one. The migration of the Wilson arc towards the forearc region in turn generated the Middle Cambrian Bowers arc.

Supplementary material:

Major element, trace element, mineral and
40
Ar–
39
Ar data are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18351
.
The role of water in the evolution of the continental crust
Authors: Yardley Bruce W.D. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract:
Aqueous fluids have a profound influence on the evolution of the crust, both as agents of chemical mass transfer and mineral reactions, and through modifying its rheology. This paper is particularly concerned with the composition and role of fluids through the crustal cycle of burial, metamorphism and uplift. Information now comes from both conventional geological studies and from geophysics, which has documented both the presence of fluid in active areas of the crust, and also its migration in response to faulting. This contrasts with the overall slow rate of some fluid processes: for example, devolatilization reactions are endothermic and limited by the rate of heat supply. There is no clear distinction between diagenetic and metamorphic fluids, and extensive equilibration with host rocks means that few chemical or isotopic characteristics survive to provide tracers for deep fluid origins. After the metamorphic peak, remaining pore fluid is consumed in hydration reactions resulting in strong, dry rock. Subsequently, infiltration may reintroduce fluids but these normally survive only briefly until consumed by hydration reactions. Metamorphic rocks are strongly overpressured during prograde metamorphism and therefore have a low permeability. Considerable doubt is therefore cast on some claims of widespread and pervasive large fluid fluxes accompanying metamorphism.