bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational and Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology in E&P: An Overview
Authors: Ostraat M. L. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
As applications for nanotechnology become more common in the oil and gas industry, greater emphasis must be placed upon the occupational and environmental implications of the nanotechnologies being developed and deployed. This paper provides an overview of information regarding several major categories:
Opportunities for nano-enabled products and advances for oil exploration and production; Best practices employed in other industries for handling nanotechnologies and how they might be adapted to the oil and gas industry; Current methods and instrumentation for assessing occupational exposures to nanomaterials as well as workplace controls to reduce exposures; and Current challenges to assessing the environmental and biological implications of nanotechnology.
Additionally, as much is still being discovered about the promise of nanotechnology, there is tremendous opportunity for nanotechnology to mitigate the overall environmental risks across the oil and gas industry if a life cycle approach is considered and if nano-enabled products are designed with occupational and environmental safety in mind.
HIV, TB, and Malaria Prevention and Management in the Oil and Gas Supply Chain
Authors: Melville J. L. , Panse S. , Barden G. K. , Hancock T. , Neumann R. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Many oil and gas companies operate in regions where HIV, TB and malaria are highly problematic health issues and can pose a strong risk to worker productivity. In addition to the endemic risk, the typical characteristics of oil project life often serve to exacerbate the risk of contraction of these diseases and/or make treatment provision difficult.
Our report focuses on the industry’s upstream and midstream supply chain where contractors, suppliers and other indirect employees represent a large portion of the workforce. To better understand oil company and oil services contractor responses to HIV, TB and malaria, we examined their level of engagement, drivers behind it, reasons for inaction, areas of high impact and opportunities for progress.
We found that the industry has made inroads in addressing HIV and malaria, but that TB has received little attention by comparison.
There is wide variation in company interaction on these health issues. While oil companies are ahead of the curve in developing targetted programs, the contractor community has not been as active. Contractor action is largely dependent on guidance from oil companies and – in some cases – financial institutions if they are providing funding. Contractual clauses to address these diseases are becoming more prevalent and are generally considered effective, but there is still room for improvement. Contractual language could be clearer and more standardized; monitoring of contractual compliance could increase.
In addition to client requirements, risk perception remains a primary driver of health initiatives but our research showed that the perception of the risk of these diseases as well as their impact was mixed.
Finally, our survey revealed greater interaction between oil companies and oil services contractors than between oil services contractors and their sub-contractors. We found that the sub-contractor community remains the most poorly served in terms of disease prevention and management programs yet it is this community which is the most at risk. Interaction across the industry supply chain needs to be increased in order to ensure that this group is not excluded from health initiatives.
Building Competitive Advantage: The Business Case for Social License to Operate
Authors: Lunsford E. , Haddon M. , Hall T. , Nadel R. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Social license to operate and non-technical – or ‘sustainability’ – performance are not simply philanthropy. Rather, they are multi-dimensional and intrinsically linked to the market value of upstream oil and gas projects. Corporations stand to protect billions of dollars of value by gaining a full understanding of the business case underlying the need for comprehensive strategies to manage and build long-term social license to operate.
Although non-technical performance has often been perceived as a sideline to strategic business-planning and capital investment decision making it is typically the root cause of approximately 80% of major capital project delays – in developed and developing countries alike. In the increasingly high stakes ‘new operating environment’ corporations have a significant market opportunity to benefit from making enterprise and project-level decisions based on a more informed and disciplined balancing of social, environmental, and economic dynamics.
This paper examines how to improve non-technical performance by exploring:
The link between a corporation’s social license to operate and real market value in major capital projects; How corporations can garner competitive advantage through building valuable sustainability value – by rediscovering the links between the so-called ‘triple bottom line’ and the real single bottom line; and Decision-making and implementation frameworks that blend organizational design, change management and executive engagement to move beyond the silos of functional approaches towards full business integration.
Operations Management: The Road to Zero-Incident Safety Performance
Authors: Williams J. E. , McCulloch I 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Developing a zero incident safety performance culture in a remote location with a local multi-cultural workforce requires visible management commitment, robust management systems and continuous workforce engagement. A zero total recordable injury rate has been maintained by ConcoPhillips’ Algeria Business Unit since July 2008. This accomplishment represents over three million hours of ongoing simultaneous activities namely operations, construction and drilling.
The business was acquired in 2006. The Menzel Lejmat North (MLN) operations facility is located in the southern Sahara desert. In addition to MLN, there is a support base in Hassi Messaoud, a government liaison office in Algiers and the BU headquarters in Houston. MLN has a diverse workforce of approximately 125 staff of 12 nationalities; including company employees, contractors and the national oil company (NOC) secondees. Since OSHA-type statistics are not a regulatory requirement, company standards and self-regulation provide the only basis of influence with the NOC and the contracted workforce.
The key points to developing a zero incident safety performance include the following:

Management Commitment
The management team has delivered a consistent message that promotes planning for safe work, visible line management, support of safe work practices, and continuous improvement of personal and process safety. The concept is to instill safety into everything we do.

Management System Implementation
The system provides a common language to communicate procedures and to measure progress in a standard context. Line management is accountable for implementing and maintaining these management systems in alignment with the corporate standards, which facilitates continuous HSE performance improvement and ensures compliance.

Contractor Engagement
All contractors working at our facilities are embraced by a zero incident safety culture that is practiced by management and employees. Safety performance goals and expectations are communicated to everyone to establish one workforce with common objectives.
Identifying Environmental Risk of Sustained Casing Pressure
Authors: Kinik K. , Wojtanowicz A. K. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Considerable number of producing and abandoned wells with sustained casing head pressure (SCP) constitutes a potential new source of continuous natural gas emission from failed casing heads due to leaching cement sheath and external gas migration. Present regulations require assessment of SCP severity based upon a testing procedure that involves casing pressure bleed-off followed with pressure buildup. The test analysis, however, is qualitative and risk qualification – arbitrary, with no insight of the gas migration process.
The objective of this work is to consider SCP an environmental hazard and analyze the Bleedoff-Buidup (B-B) tests quantitatively to determine maximum possible emissions and their probabilistic risk. The maximum SCP is directly related to the potential failure of the well’s containment and breaching of the gas outside the well. Probabilistic approach is used to analyze the uncertainty of the maximum casing shoe pressure resulting from SCP and the uncertainty in determination of casing shoe strength determined by Leak-off test (LOT). The study contributes in the area of SCP well testing methodology and the environmental analysis of wells with small SCP that may be of no concern to operator but may have environmental consequences.
Minimum Produced Water from Oil Wells with Water-Coning Control and Water-Loop Installations
Authors: Jin L. , Wojtanowicz A. K. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Most common mechanisms of unrecovered oil in reservoirs with bottom water are water coning and cresting. The effects involve a dynamic deformation of OWC, invasion of water to the well’s completion resulting in excessive water production and poor recovery. Coning cannot be controlled by chemical and mechanical water shut-off techniques but the Downhole Water Sink (DWS) method has proven to be effective. Dual-completed DWS wells control coning by draining water from the bottom (sink) completion so the top (oil) completion inflows water-free oil. Despite high productivity and recovery, DWS wells produce large volumes of water that pose environmental compliance problem and cost.
A DWS modification, the Downhole Water Loop (DWL) technique controls water coning without large volumes of produced water (PW). DWL wells are triple-completed so instead of lifting the sink water to the surface, they use downhole pumps to drain and re-inject the water to the same aquifer. DWL wells have environmental advantage of waste volume minimization and productivity advantage of maintaining water drive pressure. Their disadvantage, however, is the need for keeping up with injectivity decline. The objective of this study is to identify economic feasibility of DWL technique for different technical scenarios using reservoir simulator.
Simulation models have been developed to compare economic performance of conventional, DWS, and DWL wells. The Environmental Control Technology (ECT) approach was used to identify productivity and environmental cost benefits for DWS and DWL in relation to conventional well. The results show broad range of conditions where DWS is economically superior to conventional except for high-water-cost areas, where DWL shows best economic performance. However, injectivity decline appears to be the cost-controlling factor for DWL wells.
The comparison of three types of wells, conventional, DWS and DWL reveals benefits of multi-functional wells that improve productivity and reduce pollution. DWL wells could keep water downhole, save energy for water lifting, and control water coning with minimum environmental impact. Also, the case study shows considerable savings in the oil production cost with DWL for oil reservoirs with high-injectivity bottom aquifers in the high water cost areas.
Predicting Oil Slick Migration at a Pipeline River Crossing on the River Niger Using Hydraulic Geometry
Authors: Anifowose B. , Lawler D. , van der Horst D. , Chapman L. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Understanding oil slick migration in rivers is important for effective spill response because rivers provide essential services for household purposes e.g. fisheries, water supply, transport, socio-cultural activities and recreation. Rivers constitute the second most important source of household water supply in Nigeria. Yet, rivers are major receptors of oil pollution. This paper focuses specifically on oil Pipeline River crossing upstream of Lokoja (on the Niger River) to demonstrate likely oil slick migration trend, herein referred to as oil travel time (OTT). An OTT describes the average time it takes lead oil plume to arrive at a downstream destination.
The primary objective of this paper is to facilitate timely warning for water and environmental managers through OTT prediction; and, provide valuable information for contingency planning, monitoring and impact assessment. Method applied is the Hydraulic Geometry (HG) model using historic mean daily discharge MDQ (m3 s-1) (1980-2008), hydraulic characteristics: width w (m), mean depth d (d), mean velocity v (m s-1) and 3% ‘differential oil-water velocity’ of wind speed (m s-1) at Lokoja.
Results suggest that any spilled oil at the pipeline river crossing is likely to hit key receptors (e.g. water reservoir ~34km downstream) in 4 hours during high flow and takes ~9 days to reach Onitsha (~240km downstream) during low flow. This prediction is based on at-a-station HG using logarithmic regression (R2 = 0.8447). Power regression was also used but had weaker R2 value of 0.6175; hence the former appears more reliable. The absence of adequate data for other cross-sections downstream of the lower Niger River makes downstream HG less useful in this study. There is urgent need for more data points and systematic survey along the lower Niger to enhance downstream HG OTT prediction.
This study represents the first known attempt to predict OTT in Nigerian Rivers using historic intermediate environmental data, though there have been a number of studies on marine/coastal oil spill incidents. This level of analysis is expected in every EIA where oil transport pipeline crosses rivers/streams. It is hoped that the results and the models used in this study would form useful basis for impact assessment in the ongoing efforts to explore oil at the inland river basins of Nigeria known as Nigerian Frontier Inland Sedimentary Basins (NFISB).
Nax−yHyTi2−xFexO4·nH2O nanosheets with lepidocrocite-like layered structure synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of ilmenite sand
Authors: Jardim Paula , Mancic Lidija , Marinkovic Bojan , Milosevic Olivera , Rizzo Fernando 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Nax−yHyTi2−xFexO4·nH2O nanosheets with lepidocrocite-like layered structure were produced through alkaline hydrothermal treatment at very low temperatures (130°C) from ilmenite sand. The crystal structure, morphology and optical properties were investigated by X-Ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The product shows leaf-like nanosheet morphology with thickness <30 nm and lengths <1 µm. Three lepidocrocite-like titanates (Imm2 space group) with similar a and c lattice parameters but different interlayer distances (b/2) were identified. This appears to be the first preparation of lepidocrocite-like layered nanosheets by a simple, energy efficient (low temperature) and low cost (starting from mineral sand) procedure.
Spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of iodide-ions in form of ionic associate with brilliant green using electrochemical oxidation
Authors: Drozd Anatoliy , Tishakova Tatyana 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
A combined method involving electrochemical oxidation of iodide to iodate at a platinum electrode followed by extraction in CCl4 of ionic associates of iodine-iodide complexes with brilliant green, formed in excess of iodide, was developed for the spectrophotometric quantification of iodide. The slope of the calibration curve yields a molar extinction coefficient of ɛ = 3·105 L mol−1cm−1. This method can be used for the quantification of iodide in the concentration range of 3·10−7 − 3·10−6 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 5·10−8 mol L−1. The interfering effect of other ions on the determination of the iodide concentration was also investigated. The method was successfully applied for the determination of iodide in real samples of NaCl and spring water. Relative standard deviation is 1–2%.
Development and validation of an ultra-fast liquid chromatographic method for the quality control of famotidine formulations using a short monolithic stationary phase
Authors: Tzanavaras Paraskevas 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
An HPLC method for the quality control of famotidine (FMT) containing formulations has been developed and validated. The combination of a short monolithic column (Chromolith® RP-18e 50 × 4.6 mm i.d.) and an elevated flow rate (3.0 mL min−1) enabled the proposal of a high-throughput analytical scheme capable of reliable operation in a demanding industrial environment. Detection was carried out at 265 nm. Thorough validation of the method included linearity (5–150%), limits of detection (0.13%) and quantification (0.41%), selectivity, precision (within- and day-to-day), accuracy and ruggedness. The new method was applied successfully to the analysis of samples (assay, dissolution, dosage & blending uniformity) during the production of four validation batches of FMT-containing tablets.
Self-assembled hydrogen-bonded coordination networks in two copper(II) carboxylates with 4-pyridylmethanol
Authors: Maroszová Jaroslava , Moncol Jan , Padělková Zdeňka , Sillanpää Reijo , Lis Tadeusz , Koman Marian 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The crystal and molecular structure of [Cu(nif)2(4-PM)2]·CH3OH (1) and [Cu(2-Clbz)2(4-PM)2(H2O)] (2), (where nif = niflumate anion, 2-Clbz = 2-chlorobenzoate anion and 4-PM is the 4-pyridylmethanol), have been determinated by X-ray crystallography. The Cu2+ cation in (1), is coordinated by two pairs of oxygen atoms from asymmetric bidentate niflumate anions and by a pair of pyridine nitrogen atoms from monodentate 4-pyridylmethanol ligands in trans position forming an extremely elongated bipyramid. The Cu2+ cation in (2), is coordinated by a pair of oxygen atoms from monodentate 2-chlorobenzoate anions, further by a pair of pyridine nitrogen atoms from monodentate 4-pyridylmethanol ligands and finally by a water oxygen atom forming a tetragonal-pyramidal coordination polyhedron. The molecules of both complexes in crystal structures are linked by O-H…O hydrogen bonds, which created a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding networks. The Π-Π stacking interactions are also observed in crystal structures of complex 2. The spectral properties (IR and electronic spectra) of both complexes were also investigated.
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of carboxylic acids: an overview
Authors: Jadhav Sushilkumar 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The field of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic compounds on different substrates is of importance because it provides a suitable and efficient method of surface modification. The formation of robust, stable monolayers from carboxylic acids on two and three dimensional surfaces of different substrates have been reported. Carboxylic acids are promising class of organic compounds for monolayer formations where traditional alkanethiols or alkoxysilanes show limitations.
Aqueous phenol and ethylene glycol solutions in electrohydrodynamic liquid bridging
Authors: Eisenhut Mathias , Guo Xinghua , Paulitsch-Fuchs Astrid , Fuchs Elmar 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The formation of aqueous bridges containing phenol and ethylene glycol as well as bisphenol-A, hydrochinone and p-cresol under the application of high voltage DC (“liquid bridges”) is reported. Detailed studies were made for phenol and glycol with concentrations from 0.005 to 0.531 mol L−1. Conductivity as well as substance and mass transfers through these aqueous bridges are discussed and compared with pure water bridges. Previously suggested bidirectional mass transport is confirmed for the substances tested. Anodic oxidation happens more efficiently when phenol or glycol are transported from the cathode to the anode since in this case the formation of a passivation layer or electrode poisoning are retarded by the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow. The conductivity in the cathode beaker decreases in all experiments due to electrophoretic transport of naturally dissolved carbonate and bicarbonate to the anode. The observed electrochemical behavior is shortly discussed and compared to known mechanisms.
The trapping of indoor air contaminants
Authors: Strommen Mike , Gesser Hyman 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The removal of indoor air contaminants by reactivity with air filters coated with reagents has been found to be effective for aldehydes, acidic and basic vapours as well as isocyanates Coatings of polymeric amines were used for formaldehyde trapping as well as for the removal of acidic vapours and for the removal of isocyanates. The addition of glycerol as a plasticizer for the coating can also be an effective reagent.
Epimerization, transacylation and bromination of dihydroquercetin acetates; synthesis of 8-bromodihydroquercetin
Authors: Kiehlmann Eberhard , Szczepina Monica 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Dihydroquercetin (dhq) and its 3-acetate react with acetic anhydride in the absence of a base catalyst to yield mixtures of partially acetylated products. Three new esters were characterized by NMR spectroscopy as dhq 3,7,3′-triacetate, 3,7,4′-triacetate and 5,7,3′,4′-tetraacetate. At its melting point neat dhq 3,7,3′,4′-tetraacetate is partially converted to dhq 3,3′,4′-triacetate and dhq pentaacetate by intermolecular acetyl transfer. Dhq 7,3′,4′-triacetate yields exclusively dhq 3′,4′-di- and 3,7,3′,4′-tetraacetate under these conditions. The acetylation/deacetylation reactions are accompanied by partial epimerization: 3 new acetates with 2,3-cis stereochemistry (dhq 3-, 3,7,3′,4′-tetra- and penta-) were identified. Dhq and its 3,7,3′,4′-tetraacetate undergo regiospecific dibromination at C-6 and C-8 with excess N-bromosuccinimide in polar solvents, and 6,8-dibromo-dhq can be regioselectively debrominated to 8-bromo-dhq with sodium sulfite.
Unilateral agenesis of lung associated with total anomalous pulmonary venous return and atrial septal defect
Authors: Vesna Pavlović , Vesna Stojanović , Aleksandra Doronjski , Branka Kovačević , Oto Adjić 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPresented, is the case of a newborn with left-sided lung agenesis associated with total anomalous pulmonary venous return, atrial septal defect, polysplenia and hypospadias was described. Throughout the entire hospitalization period the newborn was in poor general condition, and dependent on mechanical ventilation with high oxygen concentrations. On day 20, the newborn died. According to the available literature, this case is unique in regard to the type and number of malformations.