bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eye Excess Energy and the Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Lili (2002)
Authors: Barnes Gary M. , Fuentes Paul 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Over 4.5 days, NOAA and U.S. Air Force personnel in reconnaissance aircraft deployed 44 global positioning system dropwindsondes (GPS sondes) in the eye of Hurricane Lili (2002). The vertical profiles derived from these GPS sondes were used to determine the evolution of the height of the inversion, presence, and height of the hub cloud, the height of the lifted condensation layer, and the depth of the mixed layer. As Lili deepened, underwent rapid intensification (RI), and eventually rapid decay, the lower portion of the eye moistened and the lapse rate became moist adiabatic. The inversion layer rose as Lili intensified and then quickly fell over 1500 m at the beginning of RI. Comparison of the equivalent potential temperature θe of the eye with that in the eyewall revealed that like many other hurricanes, the eye was a reservoir for the warmest θe. The authors define a variable called eye excess energy that is a function of the difference in θe between the eye and the eyewall and the depth over which this difference occurs and present evidence that this quantity became small during RI. The authors hypothesize that the warm θe in the eye served as a boost for convection in the eyewall that may, in turn, initiate RI. However, the small volume of eye excess energy available and the rapidity at which it was transferred to the eyewall demonstrate that eye excess energy cannot sustain RI, which typically continues for many hours. The results are discussed in light of eye–eyewall mixing arguments.
NF-E2 domination over Nrf2 promotes ROS accumulation and megakaryocytic maturation
Authors: Motohashi Hozumi , Kimura Momoko , Fujita Rie , Inoue Ai , Pan Xiaoqing , Takayama Mariko , Katsuoka Fumiki , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Bresnick Emery H. , Yamamoto Masayuki 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In megakaryocytes, the maturation process and oxidative stress response appear to be closely related. It has been suggested that increased oxygen tension and reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote megakaryopoiesis and that the expression of stress-responsive genes responsible for ROS elimination declines during megakaryocytic maturation. NF-E2 p45 is an essential regulator of megakaryopoiesis, whereas Nrf2 is a key activator of stress-responsive genes. Because p45 and Nrf2 have similar DNA-binding specificities, we hypothesized that p45 competes with Nrf2 to repress stress-responsive genes and achieves favorable intracellular conditions to allow ROS to be efficiently used as signaling molecules. We conducted comprehensive gene expression profiling with wild-type and p45-null megakaryocytes and examined the functional relationship between p45 and Nrf2. We found that 2 characteristic gene clusters are defined within p45 target genes: platelet genes and cytoprotective genes. The former are unique targets activated by p45, whereas the latter are common targets of p45 and Nrf2. Further analysis suggested that, as a less efficacious activator, p45 maintains moderate expression of cytoprotective genes through competing with Nrf2 and promotes ROS accumulation. Increased ROS enhanced platelet gene expression. These results suggest that p45 dominates over Nrf2 to enhance megakaryocytic maturation by promoting ROS accumulation.
MT1-MMP controls human mesenchymal stem cell trafficking and differentiation
Authors: Lu Changlian , Li Xiao-Yan , Hu Yuexian , Rowe R. Grant , Weiss Stephen J. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) localized to bone marrow, nonhematopoietic organs, as well as perivascular niches are postulated to traffic through type I collagen-rich stromal tissues to first infiltrate sites of tissue damage, inflammation, or neoplasia and then differentiate. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms supporting the ability of hMSCs to remodel 3-dimensional (3D) collagenous barriers during trafficking or differentiation remain undefined. Herein, we demonstrate that hMSCs degrade and penetrate type I collagen networks in tandem with the expression of a 5-member set of collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Specific silencing of each of these proteases reveals that only a single membrane-tethered metalloenzyme, termed MT1-MMP, plays a required role in hMSC-mediated collagenolysis, 3D invasion, and intravasation. Further, once confined within type I collagen-rich tissue, MT1-MMP also controls hMSC differentiation in a 3D-specific fashion. Together, these data demonstrate that hMSC invasion and differentiation programs fall under the control of the pericellular collagenase, MT1-MMP.
Reduced levels of reactive oxygen species correlate with inhibition of apoptosis, rise in thioredoxin expression and increased bovine leukemia virus proviral loads
Authors: Bouzar Amel Baya , Boxus Mathieu , Florins Arnaud , François Carole , Reichert Michal , Willems Luc 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Background
Bovine Leukemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that induces lymphoproliferation and leukemia in ruminants. In ex vivo cultures of B lymphocytes isolated from BLV-infected sheep show that spontaneous apoptosis is reduced. Here, we investigated the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process.

Results
We demonstrate that (i) the levels of ROS and a major product of oxidative stress (8-OHdG) are reduced, while the thioredoxin antioxidant protein is highly expressed in BLV-infected B lymphocytes, (ii) induction of ROS by valproate (VPA) is pro-apoptotic, (iii) inversely, the scavenging of ROS with N-acetylcysteine inhibits apoptosis, and finally (iv) the levels of ROS inversely correlate with the proviral loads.

Conclusion
Together, these observations underline the importance of ROS in the mechanisms of inhibition of apoptosis linked to BLV infection.
Subgroup Analysis of Trials Is Rarely Easy (SATIRE): a study protocol for a systematic review to characterize the analysis, reporting, and claim of subgroup effects in randomized trials
Authors: Sun Xin , Briel Matthias , Busse Jason W , Akl Elie A , You John J , Mejza Filip , Bala Malgorzata , Diaz-Granados Natalia , Bassler Dirk , Mertz Dominik , Srinathan Sadeesh K , Vandvik Per Olav , Malaga German , Alshurafa Mohamed , Dahm Philipp , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Heels-Ansdell Diane M , Bhatnagar Neera , Johnston Bradley C , Wang Li , Walter Stephen D , Altman Douglas G , Guyatt Gordon H 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Background
Subgroup analyses in randomized trials examine whether effects of interventions differ between subgroups of study populations according to characteristics of patients or interventions. However, findings from subgroup analyses may be misleading, potentially resulting in suboptimal clinical and health decision making. Few studies have investigated the reporting and conduct of subgroup analyses and a number of important questions remain unanswered. The objectives of this study are: 1) to describe the reporting of subgroup analyses and claims of subgroup effects in randomized controlled trials, 2) to assess study characteristics associated with reporting of subgroup analyses and with claims of subgroup effects, and 3) to examine the analysis, and interpretation of subgroup effects for each study's primary outcome.

Methods
We will conduct a systematic review of 464 randomized controlled human trials published in 2007 in the 118 Core Clinical Journals defined by the National Library of Medicine. We will randomly select journal articles, stratified in a 1:1 ratio by higher impact versus lower impact journals. According to 2007 ISI total citations, we consider the New England Journal of Medicine, JAMA, Lancet, Annals of Internal Medicine, and BMJ as higher impact journals. Teams of two reviewers will independently screen full texts of reports for eligibility, and abstract data, using standardized, pilot-tested extraction forms. We will conduct univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine the association of pre-specified study characteristics with reporting of subgroup analyses and with claims of subgroup effects for the primary and any other outcomes.

Discussion
A clear understanding of subgroup analyses, as currently conducted and reported in published randomized controlled trials, will reveal both strengths and weaknesses of this practice. Our findings will contribute to a set of recommendations to optimize the conduct and reporting of subgroup analyses, and claim and interpretation of subgroup effects in randomized trials.
Reporting Iraqi civilian fatalities in a time of war
Authors: Henderson Schuyler W , Olander William E , Roberts Les 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Background
In February, 2007, the Associated Press (AP) conducted a poll of 1,002 adults in the United States about their attitudes towards the war in Iraq. Respondents were remarkably accurate estimating the current death toll of US soldiers, yet were grossly inaccurate in estimating the current death toll of Iraqi civilians. We conducted a search of newspapers reports to determine the extent of the discrepancy between reporting Coalition and Iraqi civilian deaths, hypothesizing that there would be an over-representation of Coalition deaths compared to Iraqi civilian deaths.

Methods
We examined 11 U.S. newspapers and 5 non-U.S. newspapers using electronic databases or newspaper web-archives, to record any reports between March 2003 and March 2008 of Coalition and Iraqi deaths that included a numeric indicator. Reports were described as "events" where they described a specific occurrence involving fatalities and "tallies" when they mentioned the number of deaths over a period of time. We recorded the number of events and tallies related to Coalition deaths, Iraqi civilian deaths, and Iraqi combatant deaths

Results
U.S. newspapers report more events and tallies related to Coalition deaths than Iraqi civilian deaths, although there are substantially different proportions amongst the different U.S. newspapers. In four of the five non-US newspapers, the pattern was reversed.

Conclusion
This difference in reporting trends may partly explain the discrepancy in how well people are informed about U.S. and Iraqi civilian fatalities in Iraq. Furthermore, this calls into question the role of the media in reporting and sustaining armed conflict, and the extent to which newspaper and other media reports can be used as data to assess fatalities or trends in the time of war.
Genome Alteration Print (GAP): a tool to visualize and mine complex cancer genomic profiles obtained by SNP arrays
Authors: Popova Tatiana , Manié Elodie , Stoppa-Lyonnet Dominique , Rigaill Guillem , Barillot Emmanuel , Stern Marc Henri 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe describe a method for automatic detection of absolute segmental copy numbers and genotype status in complex cancer genome profiles measured with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. The method is based on pattern recognition of segmented and smoothed copy number and allelic imbalance profiles. Assignments were verified by DNA indexes of primary tumors and karyotypes of cell lines. The method performs well even for poor-quality data, low tumor content, and highly rearranged tumor genomes.
Care for Imminently Dying Cancer Patients: Family Members' Experiences and Recommendations
Authors: Shinjo Takuya , Morita Tatsuya , Hirai Kei , Miyashita Mitsunori , Sato Kazuki , Tsuneto Satoru , Shima Yasuo 
Published: November 2009

Purpose The aim of this study was to clarify the level of emotional distress experienced by bereaved family members and the perceived necessity for improvement in the care for imminently dying patients and to explore possible causes of distress and alleviating measures. Methods A cross-sectional nationwide survey was performed in 2007 of bereaved families of cancer patients at 95 palliative care units across Japan. Results Questionnaires were sent to 670 families, and 76% responded. Families reported their experiences as very distressing in 45% of cases. Regarding care, 1.2% of respondents believed that a lot of improvement was needed, compared with 58% who believed no improvement was needed. Determinants of high-level distress were a younger patient age, being a spouse, and overhearing conversations between the medical staff outside the room at the time of the patient's death; those reporting high-level necessity of improvement were less likely to have encountered attempts to ensure the patient's comfort, received less family coaching on how to care for the patient, and felt that insufficient time was allowed for the family to grieve after the patient's death. Conclusion A considerable number of families experienced severe emotional distress when their family member died. Thus, we propose that a desirable care concept for imminently dying cancer patients should include relief of patient suffering, family advisement on how to care for the patient, allowance of enough time for the family to grieve, and ensuring that family members cannot overhear medical staff conversations at the time of the patient's death.
Tracheoesophageal Fistula Formation in Patients With Lung Cancer Treated With Chemoradiation and Bevacizumab
Authors: Spigel David R. , Hainsworth John D. , Yardley Denise A. , Raefsky Eric , Patton Jeffrey , Peacock Nancy , Farley Cindy , Burris Howard A. , Greco F. Anthony 
Published: November 2009

Purpose Tracheoesophageal fistulae are rare complications of thoracic cancers and their treatments. Novel antiangiogenic agents in cancer treatment such as bevacizumab potentially impact wound healing and may contribute to tracheoesophageal fistula development. Patients and Methods We conducted two independent phase II clinical trials in small-cell lung cancer and non–small-cell lung cancer using bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy and radiation. Both trials were intended to assess preliminary efficacy and safety outcomes. Results For the limited-stage small-cell lung cancer trial, 29 patients were enrolled beginning April 2006, and closed early due to toxicity in March 2007 (14-month median follow-up). The locally advanced, non–small-cell lung cancer trial opened with enrollment limited to five patients in February 2007, and closed early due to safety in December 2007. In each trial, we observed tracheoesophageal fistulae development and related morbidity and mortality, prompting early trial closures, US Food and Drug Administration warnings, and a change in bevacizumab labeling. Conclusion The current data from the final reports from these two trials suggest bevacizumab and chemoradiotherapy are associated with a relatively high incidence of tracheoesophageal fistulae formation in both small-cell lung cancer and non–small-cell lung cancer settings. Strategies to safely incorporate novel antiangiogenic agents into combined-modality therapy in lung cancer are needed.
Regulation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Function by Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
Authors: DuSell Carolyn D. , Nelson Erik R. , Wittmann Bryan M. , Fretz Jackie A. , Kazmin Dmitri , Thomas Russell S. , Pike J. Wesley , McDonnell Donald P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as tamoxifen (TAM), have been used extensively for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer and other pathologies associated with aberrant estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. These compounds exhibit cell-selective agonist/antagonist activities as a consequence of their ability to induce different conformational changes in ER, thereby enabling it to recruit functionally distinct transcriptional coregulators. However, the observation that SERMs can also regulate aspects of calcium signaling and apoptosis in an ER-independent manner in some systems suggests that some of the activity of drugs within this class may also arise as a consequence of their ability to interact with targets other than ER. In this study, we demonstrate that 4-hydroxy-TAM (4OHT), an active metabolite of TAM, directly binds to and modulates the transcriptional activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Of specific interest was the observation, that in the absence of ER, 4OHT can induce the expression of AHR target genes involved in estradiol metabolism, cellular proliferation, and metastasis in cellular models of breast cancer. The potential role for AHR in SERM pharmacology was further underscored by the ability of 4OHT to suppress osteoclast differentiation in vitro in part through AHR. Cumulatively, these findings provide evidence that it is necessary to reevaluate the relative roles of ER and AHR in manifesting the pharmacological actions and therapeutic efficacy of TAM and other SERMs.
The optimization of parts within complex assemblies
Authors: Cosmi F , Reggiani B 
Published: November 2009

Optimization problems are frequently not straightforward. This is due, among other reasons, to the predefined design constraints and simultaneous target goals that have to be satisfied. In addition, uncontrollable variations can influence the robustness and stability of the design. Moreover, engineers often have to optimize mechanical components that are part of complex assemblies, in which it is difficult to extrapolate and define the boundary conditions to be applied for component optimization. The aim of this work is to present a step-procedure for the multi-goal optimization of components that are integrated in multi-part engineering systems. In order to illustrate the method, optimization of a carry-mould, part of a blowing machinery composed by several components, was used as a test case. Minimization of the carry-mould moment of inertia and the global mass were imposed as the target goals of the optimization process, while the maximum allowable displacement was set for a number of control points. The proposed procedure was capable of a time efficient and cost saving extensive investigation of the optimization design space.
Shape optimization of mufflers hybridized with multiple connected tubes using the boundary element method, neural networks, and genetic algorithm
Authors: Chang Y-C , Chiu M-C , Wu L-W 
Published: November 2009

Recently, research on new mufflers hybridized with connected curved tubes using phase cancellation techniques has been well addressed in the industrial field. Most researchers have explored noise reduction effects based on the transfer matrix method and the stiffness matrix method. However, the maximum noise reduction of a silencer within a constrained space, which frequently occurs in engineering problems, has been neglected. Therefore, the optimum design of mufflers becomes an essential issue. In this article, two kinds of phase-cancellation mufflers (a two-connected tube and a three-connected tube) within a fixed length are assessed. In order to speed up the assessment of optimal mufflers hybridized with multiple connected curved tubes, a simplified objective function (OBJ) is established by linking the boundary element model (BEM; developed by the commercialized software SYSNOISE) with a polynomial neural network fitted with a series of real data: input design data (muffler dimensions) and output data approximated by BEM data in advance. To assess the optimal mufflers, a genetic algorithm is applied. Optimal results reveal that the maximum value of the sound transmission loss can be improved at the desired frequencies. Consequently, the optimum algorithm proposed in this study can provide an efficient way to develop optimal silencers for industry.
Formation of a Chiral Host with Axially Chiral Cationic 1D Coordination Polymers Composed of Achiral Building Blocks and Inclusion of Anionic Tris-Chelate Complexes in an Unbalanced Δ/Λ Ratio
Authors: Yoshida Jun , Nishikiori Shin-ichi , Kuroda Reiko 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Two crystals, [{Co(hfac)2}{Ni(pyterpy)2}][Co(hfac)3]2 (1) and [Co(CNacac)2][Ni(pyterpy)2]SO4·xG (2), composed of 1D cationic coordination polymers were prepared by self-assembly of achiral component metal complexes in solution (hfac = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoropentane-2,4-dionato, CNacac = 3-cyanopentane-2,4-dionato, pyterpy = 4′-(4-pyridyl)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine, G = methanol and water). 1 is chiral and spontaneously optically resolved, whereas 2 is achiral. In 1, an alternate linkage of [Co(hfac)2] and [Ni(pyterpy)2]2+ forms a 1D coordination polymer and twisting of the two complexes about the principal axis of the 1D polymer makes the polymer axially chiral. The 1D polymers stack to create two-types of 1D channels, where anionic complexes [Co(hfac)3]− are included. One channel contains only Δ-[Co(hfac)3]−, whereas the other contains an equal amount of Δ- and Λ-[Co(hfac)3]−. Therefore, the Δ/Λ ratio of [Co(hfac)3]− is 3/1. In the case of 2, 1D coordination polymers are formed by an alternate linkage of [Co(CNacac)2] and [Ni(pyterpy)2]2+. They are chiral due to twisting of one pyridine ring in [Ni(pyterpy)2]2+, however, there are inversion centers in 2. These results demonstrated that axial chirality can be introduced into 1D coordination polymers by twisting the two component metal complexes alternately linked. This method is useful and prospective for preparing chiral coordination polymers from achiral building blocks.
Nuclear Quantum Effect on Molecular Magnetic Properties for Low Barrier Hydrogen-bonded Systems Based on Multicomponent Density Functional Theory
Authors: Kita Yukiumi , Udagawa Taro , Tachikawa Masanori 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
We have theoretically analyzed the nuclear quantum effect on the nuclear magnetic shielding (σ) and molecular magnetic susceptibility (χ) of H3O2− and N2H7+ systems with a new implementation combined with the multicomponent density functional theory and the gauge-including atomic orbital or continuous set of gauge transformation techniques. Our method easily reproduces the “deshielding” effect of σ on hydrogen atoms and clearly indicates the existence of the H/D isotope effect on χ in H3O2− and N2H7+ systems.
Nickel-catalyzed Reactions between Enone and Two Ethylenes
Authors: Ogoshi Sensuke , Nishimura Akira , Haba Toshifumi , Ohashi Masato 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In the presence of a catalytic amount of Ni(cod)2 and PCy3, the reaction of (E)-1-phenylbut-2-en-1-one (1a) with ethylene occurred to give three-component addition products, 1,6-enone 2a and 1,5-diketone 4a. The reaction of an enone with two ethylenes gave 2a. The reaction of two enones with an ethylene gave 4a. On the other hand, 2-methyl-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (1b) reacted with two ethylenes selectively to give a mixture of 2b and 3b. The reaction might proceed via oxidative cyclization of an enone and an ethylene with nickel(0).
Hydroxocentered [(OH)Tl3]2+ triangle as a building unit in thallium compounds: synthesis and crystal structure of Tl4(OH)2CO3
Authors: Siidra Oleg I. , Britvin Sergey N. , Krivovichev Sergey V. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The new thallium hydroxocarbonate Tl4(OH)2CO3 has been obtained by evaporation from aqueous solution. The crystal structure of the compound has been solved by direct methods: orthorhombic, Cmc21, a = 8.9963(18), b = 12.1500(30), c = 7.9542(15) Å, V = 869.43(3) Å3, R
1 = 0.056 for 763 unique reflections with |F
o| ≥ 4σ
F. There are three symmetrically independent Tl+ cations in the structure. The O atoms of the OH- groups are triangularly coordinated by three Tl atoms that results in formation of OHTl3 triangles with the O atom located at approx. 1.00 Å above the Tl3 plane. The OH- centered units are connected via common edges into [OH2Tl4]2+ dimers linked into chains through Tl–O bonds to CO3 groups. The structure contains channels parallel to the c axis. The formation of the lone pair cavity causes repulsion of Tl+ cations across these cavities and, as a consequence, distortion of the Tl+ cation arrangement.