bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of biomarkers for risk stratification of cardiovascular events using genetic algorithm with recursive local floating search
Authors: Zhou Xiaobo , Wang Honghui , Wang Jun , Wang Yuan , Hoehn Gerard , Azok Joseph , Brennan Marie‐Luise , Hazen Stanley L. , Li King , Chang Shih‐Fu , Wong Stephen T. C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractConventional biomarker discovery focuses mostly on the identification of single markers and thus often has limited success in disease diagnosis and prognosis. This study proposes a method to identify an optimized protein biomarker panel based on MS studies for predicting the risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients. Since the simplicity and concision requirement for the development of immunoassays can only tolerate the complexity of the prediction model with a very few selected discriminative biomarkers, established optimization methods, such as conventional genetic algorithm (GA), thus fails in the high‐dimensional space. In this paper, we present a novel variant of GA that embeds the recursive local floating enhancement technique to discover a panel of protein biomarkers with far better prognostic value for prediction of MACE than existing methods, including the one approved recently by FDA (Food and Drug Administration). The new pragmatic method applies the constraints of MACE relevance and biomarker redundancy to shrink the local searching space in order to avoid heavy computation penalty resulted from the local floating optimization. The proposed method is compared with standard GA and other variable selection approaches based on the MACE prediction experiments. Two powerful classification techniques, partial least squares logistic regression (PLS‐LR) and support vector machine classifier (SVMC), are deployed as the MACE predictors owing to their ability in dealing with small scale and binary response data. New preprocessing algorithms, such as low‐level signal processing, duplicated spectra elimination, and outliner patient's samples removal, are also included in the proposed method. The experimental results show that an optimized panel of seven selected biomarkers can provide more than 77.1% MACE prediction accuracy using SVMC. The experimental results empirically demonstrate that the new GA algorithm with local floating enhancement (GA‐LFE) can achieve the better MACE prediction performance comparing with the existing techniques. The method has been applied to SELDI/MALDI MS datasets to discover an optimized panel of protein biomarkers to distinguish disease from control.
Multi‐string theories, massive gravity and the AdS/CFT correspondence
Authors: Niarchos V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInfrared modifications of gravity have been proposed over the years as potentially useful phenomenological models. Massive (multi)‐gravity is an interesting class of such theories. The true nature and the ultimate consistency of many of these models remains, however, unclear as one is frequently faced with important problems, e.g. classical instabilities and strong coupling problems which are hard to resolve without a known UV completion of the theory. In this note, we review a recent attempt to study some of these well known problems with the use of the AdS/CFT correspondence. In this context, products of large‐N conformal field theories coupled by multi‐trace interactions in diverse dimensions are used to define quantum multi‐gravity (multi‐string/M theory) on a union of (asymptotically) AdS spaces. One‐loop effects generate a small O(1/N) mass for the gravitons and provide non‐trivial examples of massive multi‐graviton theories.
Could the photon dispersion relation be non‐linear?
Authors: Bietenholz W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe free photon dispersion relation is a reference quantity for high precision tests of Lorentz Invariance. We first outline theoretical approaches to a conceivable Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV). Next we address phenomenological tests based on the propagation of cosmic rays, in particular in Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). As a specific concept, which could imply LIV, we then focus on field theory in a non‐commutative (NC) space, and we present non‐perturbative results for the dispersion relation of the NC photon.
Mass spectrometry fingerprinting of media used for in vitro production of bovine embryos
Authors: Ferreira Christina Ramires , Souza Gustavo Henrique Martins Ferreira , Riccio Maria Francesca , Catharino Rodrigo Ramos , Pontes José Henrique Fortes , Basso Andréa Cristina , Júnior José Carlos Ereno , Perecin Felipe , Eberlin Marcos Nogueira 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUsing the bovine species as a biological model, direct infusion chip‐based nano‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano‐ESI‐MS) fingerprinting in the positive ion mode is used to obtain fast chemical profiles of media used for in vitro production of bovine embryos. Nano‐ESI‐MS fingerprinting is useful for characterization and routine quality control requiring no sample pre‐separation, being able to differentiate four different media (IVM, IVF, SOF and HSOF) via principal component analysis (PCA). For media stored at +4°C for up to 45 days, no significant (p > 0.05) variation was observed in cleavage and blastocyst rate development, as well as in the nano‐ESI‐MS chemical profiles. For media exposed to a heat shock (60°C for 3 h), no significant decrease (p > 0.05) in embryo development rates was observed, but nano‐ESI‐MS profiles were quite distant from fresh control media in the PCA. For frozen media (−70°C for 2 months), again no significant variation (p > 0.05) in embryo development was noticed, but nano‐ESI‐MS profiles from all media were significantly affected. These results indicate that nano‐ESI(+)‐MS fingerprinting was able to characterize different media based on their specific chemical profile. The technique seems therefore applicable as a routine quality control assay, detecting, for example, compositional changes after temperature variations that may affect post‐transfer embryo viability. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PREDICTOR–CORRECTOR SMOOTHING NEWTON METHOD FOR SOLVING SEMIDEFINITE PROGRAMMING
Authors: WU CAIYING , CHEN GUOQING 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThere has been much interest recently in smoothing methods for solving semidefinite programming (SDP). In this paper, based on the equivalent transformation for the optimality conditions of SDP, we present a predictor–corrector smoothing Newton algorithm for SDP. Issues such as the existence of Newton directions, boundedness of iterates, global convergence, and local superlinear convergence of our algorithm are studied under suitable assumptions.
Association between folate intake from different food sources in Norway and homocysteine status in a dietary intervention among young male adults
Authors: Stea Tonje Holte , Uglem Solveig , Wandel Margareta , Mansoor Mohammad Azam , Frølich Wenche 
Published: March 2009

The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of a dietary intervention which combined nutrition information with increased availability of vegetables, fruits and wholegrain bread. The effect of the intervention was determined by changes in the intake of vegetables, fruits, wholegrain bread and estimated nutrients. Furthermore, the study investigated whether changes in relative contribution from different food sources of folate were related to changes in the concentration of plasma total homocysteine (p-tHcy). The 5-month intervention study included 376 male recruits from the Norwegian National Guard, Vaernes (intervention group) and 105 male recruits from the Norwegian National Guard, Heggelia (control group). The study resulted in an increase in the total consumption of vegetables, fruits, berries and juice (P < 0·001) and of wholegrain bread (P < 0·001). The participants in the intervention group showed a higher increase in the intake of dietary fibre (P < 0·001) and folate (P < 0·001) compared with the control group. The relative contribution of folate intake from fruits, vegetables and wholegrain bread was higher in the intervention group compared with the control group (P < 0·001 for all). The increased intake of folate from wholegrain bread was inversely associated with a reduced concentration of p-tHcy (P = 0·017). In summary, the dietary intervention resulted in an increased intake of vegetables, fruits and wholegrain bread and a subsequent increase in folate intake from these food components. Reduction in the concentration of p-tHcy was significantly related to an increased folate intake due to an increased consumption of wholegrain bread.
The moisture equivalent of heavy soils
Authors: Joseph A. F. , Martin F. J. 
Published: March 2009

(1) The moisture equivalent of a normal soil diminishes as the weight of soil taken for the determination increases.(2) Some soils are particularly impermeable to water in thick layers: in these cases the moisture equivalent increases with the weight of soil taken and may become very large owing to waterlogging. A soil may, however, have a very high moisture equivalent without showing waterlogging.(3) Dilute solutions of flocculating salts such as calcium sulphate, or ammonium nitrate or sulphate, reduce the moisture equivalent, and sodium carbonate increases it.(4) The effect of sodium carbonate is complicated: with gradually increasing concentration, the moisture equivalent first diminishes and then increases to a maximum, after which there is further diminution.(5) The soil samples which easily showed waterlogging in the Briggs-McLane apparatus had a higher concentration of hydroxyl-ions (pH) than those which did not.(6) Whilst the colloidal content of a clay seems related to its moisture equivalent, no such connection appears to exist for substances such as kaolin or aluminium hydroxide.
Breeding cold hardy sweet corn in Britain
Authors: Mather K. , Haskell G. 
Published: March 2009

1. Sweet corn is adjusted to the conditions of North America. British climatic conditions differ from American in the longer summer day-length and in lower spring soil temperature. Cold hardiness, i.e. the ability of the seed to germinate after lying in cold, wet soil, is therefore an important factor when introducing sweet corn into Britain.2. Varieties germinate differently according to when they are sown. Furthermore some varieties germinate better than others in March and even April, thus demonstrating the genetic nature of cold hardiness.3. Selections were first made from plants surviving March sowings and in later years, as hardiness increased, from those surviving February sowings.4. Selections for hardiness were made in (i) Canada Gold, (ii) Early Golden Market sweet corn, (iii) Golden Standard Maize dent corn and (iv) derivatives of Peruvian crossed sweet corn.5. All responded rapidly in their increased ability to germinate from February sowings except the Peruvian sweet derivatives which failed to show much improvement.6. Future breeding work in Britain depends on establishing from our selections cold hardy inbreds able to combine well in giving good F1's for commercial use.
The carotene content of dried grass
Authors: Waite R. , Sastry K. N. S. 
Published: March 2009

1. Losses in carotene from fresh grass have been studied during the operations of wilting and drying and from bales of dried grass and dried grass meal during storage.2. With good management wilting and drying need cause only 15–20% reduction in the carotene content of the fresh grass. In fine, sunny weather field wilting is likely to cause serious loss, and the period of wilting should not exceed 2–3 hr.3. Production of dried grass meal by efficiently run commercial driers is unlikely to cause more than 5–10% loss in carotene content, whereas during storage for 6 months 30–40% of the carotene initially present in the dried product may be lost, depending on the temperature.4. Exposure of the dried grass to sunlight quickly bleaches it, but carotene losses due to photochemical action will be confined to a thin surface layer.
Sperm survival in the genital tract of the mare
Authors: Burkhardt John 
Published: March 2009

1. Seven matings in which there were sperm survival times of 66–76 hr. in a mixed group of pony mares resulted in seven pregnancies. Of six matings with an interval of 90–100 hr., five proved pregnant. One mare, mated with an interval of 126–138 hr., also became pregnant.2. Where pregnancy urine extract is injected to bring about ovulation, the injection-ovulation interval can be accurately forecast at 40–48 hr. If the interval is longer the follicle was not sufficiently advanced to warrant injection, if shorter the follicle would have ovulated naturally in the same time.
The water intake of milking cows grazing Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens Stent.) under wet- and dry-season conditions in Trinidad
Authors: Wilson P. N. , Barratt M. A. , Butterworth M. H. 
Published: March 2009

1. The water intakes of ten Holstein × Zebu milking cows, yielding between one and two gallons of milk a day, were analysed on the basis of (a) freewater drunk, and (b) feed-water consumed with the herbage. Trials took place during a 10-day period in both the wet season, 1959 and the dry season, 1960. During both seasons the cows were rotationally grazed on Pangola grass pastures.2. The results showed a difference of only 24% in total water intake between seasons. However, the mean intake of free water increased from 18·5 lb. per cow in the wet season to 81·5 lb. per cow per day in the dry season, and the intake of feed water decreased from 94·9 to 59·2 lb. per cow per day, respectively. The between cow coefficients of variation were 9·7 and 8·7%, respectively.3. Results are presented for the drinking habits of Holstein × Zebu cattle grazing Pangola grass pastures. For 567 observed cow-days in the wet season, the cattle were found to drink water on average 0·8 times per day from troughs present in the pastures. For 332 observed cow-days in the dry season, the cattle increased their drinking habits to a mean figure of 1·4 times each day.
Evaluation of phosphate fertilizers: II. Residual value of nitrophosphates, Gafsa rock phosphate, basic slag and potassium metaphosphate for potatoes, barley and swedes grown in rotation, with special reference to changes in soil phosphorus status
Authors: Mattingly G. E. G. 
Published: March 2009

SUMMARYThe residual value of three nitrophosphates, potassium metaphosphate, basic slag and rock phosphate was compared with that of superphosphate in two experiments with potatoes, barley and swedes grown in rotation. The residual value of the fertilizers was also compared with that of (a) six cumulative annual dressings of superphosphate supplying either one-half or the same total amounts of phosphate and (b) single fresh applications of superphosphate applied once in each rotation. Yields and phosphorus uptakes are discussed in relation to the amounts of soil phosphate soluble in 0·5 M-NaHCO3.In the first rotation residues of rock phosphate produced about 1 ton/acre less potato tubers than residues of other fertilizers and cumulative annual applications of superphosphate produced 0·6–0·9 tons/acre less tubers than all residues except rock phosphate. In the second rotation residues of fertilizers increased tuber yields less than cumulative dressings of superphosphate. Over two rotations mean yields from residues and from cumulative dressings were the same. Mean yields of barley over two rotations were 1–3 cwt/acre greater from residues than from cumulative annual dressings; the residual value of the different phosphates was the same. For swedes residues from the alternative phosphates, including basic slag and rock phosphate, were equivalent to those from superphosphate and gave the same mean yields as six cumulative dressings of superphosphate broadcast at planting.Average residual values of alternative phosphate fertilizers, calculated from (a) yield response, (b) P uptake, and (c) soil analysis were: superphosphate, 100; nitrophosphates, 100–102; potassium metaphosphate, 95; basic slag, 94; Gafsa rock phosphate, 92. Mean percentage ‘fresh’ superphosphate equivalents of residues from all fertilizers were 17 and 26% after the first rotation and 11 and 15% after the second rotation for potatoes and swedes respectively.The percentage of the total variance in crop yields accounted for by linear regression on NaHCO3-soluble P ranged from 38 to 70% for potatoes, 9 to 28% for barley grain and 42 to 92% for swedes. Mean yields of the crops increased by 0·24 ± 0·037 tons/acre (potatoes), 0·22 ± 0·08 cwt/acre (barley) and 1·16 ±0·148 tons/acre (swedes) for each ppm NaHCO3-soluble phosphorus in the soil at harvest.
Some observations on the lactation of Blackhead ewes and the growth of lambs: the composition and yield of milk
Authors: Butterworth M. H. , Houghton T. R. , Macartney J. C. , Prior A. J. , Middlemiss C. P. , Edmond D. E. 
Published: March 2009

SUMMARYUsing Persian Blackhead ewes, milk composition and the effect of diet on content of milk fat and milk yield were investigated. Analysis of the milk of nine ewes for fat, protein, ash and lactose (by difference) throughout a twelve-week lactation gave results which were compared with those in the literature. Average values were 5·9, 5·6, 1·0 and 4·8 % respectively. The milk of nine ewes fed on a high plane of nutrition contained significantly more fat than that of ewes fed on a low plane of nutrition; values were 8·8 and 8·3 % respectively. High plane ewes gave significantly more milk than low plane ewes. Ewes suckling twins gave significantly more milk than those suckling singles. Lambs suckling high plane ewes gained significantly more weight than those suckling low plane ewes both from birth to 3 weeks as well as from birth to 12 weeks. Male lambs gained significantly more weight than females.Highly significant correlation coefficients were obtained between milk consumed by the lamb and its gain in weight. Conversion efficiencies of milk to gain in weight were calculated and compared with literature values.
Upgrading the indigenous poultry of Uganda II. Fertility, hatchability and chick mortality
Authors: Trail J. C. M. 
Published: March 2009

An investigation was carried out into the fertility, hatchability and chick mortality levels of the progeny of indigenous poultry of Uganda crossed with cockerels of four imported breeds, these being Light Sussex, Rhode Island Red, White Leghorn and Black Australorp.Altogether 11,888 eggs were incubated and 1584 day-old chicks reared in the production of these data.The percentage fertility of eggs from females of all four cross-breeds both when mated to cross-bred and pure-bred imported cockerels was significantly higher than that of eggs from the pure Rhode Island Red breed. Among the four cross-breeds, the Light Sussex × indigenous birds gave the highest fertility figures.The percentage hatchability of eggs from females of all four cross-breeds when mated with cross-bred males was significantly higher than that of eggs from the Rhode Island Red breed and when mated with cockerels of imported breeds was higher, but not significantly so, than that of the Rhode Island Red. Among the four cross-breeds, the Black Australorp × indigenous birds produced eggs with the highest hatchability figures.Chick mortality rates of the four cross-breeds from 0 to 20 weeks ranged from 15·7 to 20·0%, the causes of mortality being listed.
Failure of lactating ewes with low plasma magnesium values to respond to large daily magnesium supplements
Authors: Ritchie N. S. , Hemingway R. G. 
Published: March 2009

1. 4 g. of Mg per day given as either magnesium oxide or magnesium nitrate failed to increase plasma magnesium levels of fourteen lactating ewes which had initial values of about 1·0 mg. Mg/100 ml.2. Increases which were recorded 4 hr. after drenching were not sustained for the full 24 hr. period between drenches.
The mineral element content of spring pasture in relation to the occurrence of grass tetany and hypomagnesaemia in dairy cows
Authors: Butler E. J. 
Published: March 2009

1. A survey was carried out on dairy farms in the south of Scotland during the period 1958–59 to obtain information on: (a) the mineral element composition of spring pastures associated with grass tetany or staggers and hypomagnesaemia, and (b) the influence of magnesium supplements on the incidence of these conditions and on serum magnesium levels.2. Pastures associated with grass tetany had a significantly lower average magnesium and sodium content and a higher potassium content than those which were classed as normal. These differences were magnified in the values of the ratios K/(Ca + Mg) and (K + Ca + P)/(Mg + Na) which were considerably higher in tetany pastures. The incidence of tetany was positively correlated with the value of the former ratio. These results are similar to those obtained in Holland.3. The analytical results for pastures associated with hypomagnesaemia in clinically normal cows were not significantly different from those for normal pastures and there was no evidence of any association between the composition of the pasture and the incidence or severity of the hypomagnesaemia or the serum magnesium levels.4. The magnesium and sodium contents of the majority of the pastures examined would be judged as inadequate in the light of available information on the requirement of these elements.5. There was no evidence of any correlation between the magnesium content of the pasture and that of any of the other elements studied.6. Cases of grass tetany occurred in 25% of the 108 herds studied, the mean incidence in affected herds being 4·5 ± 0·65%. The overall incidence was 1·1 ± 0·25% and was significantly lower when a magnesium supplement was given as a prophylactic measure.7. Hypomagnesaemia was detected in clinically normal cows after turning out in 41·2% of the herds, the overall incidence being 8·7 ± 1·0%. On tetany free farms the feeding of calcined magnesite or magnesium-rich mineral mixtures did not appear to reduce the incidence of hypomagnesaemia or the fall in serum magnesium levels which occurred after turning out.8. These results emphasize the wide individual variation in the susceptibility of different cows to the factors causing hypomagnesaemia and grass tetany and also the differences between the two conditions in their dietary relationships. It is suggested that dietary factors may be responsible for producing the clinical signs of grass tetany in hypo-magnesaemic cows.