bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic symbiosis in cancer: Refocusing the Warburg lens
Authors: Nakajima Erica C. , Van Houten Bennett 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUsing relatively primitive tools in the 1920s, Otto Warburg demonstrated that tumor cells show an increased dependence on glycolysis to meet their energy needs, regardless of whether they were well‐oxygenated or not. High rates of glucose uptake, fueling glycolysis, are now used clinically to identify cancer cells. However, the Warburg effect does not account for the metabolic diversity that has been observed amongst cancer cells nor the influences that might direct such diversity. Modern tools have shown that the oncogenes, variable hypoxia levels, and the utilization of different carbon sources affect tumor evolution. These influences may produce metabolic symbiosis, in which lactate from a hypoxic, glycolytic tumor cell population fuels ATP production in the oxygenated region of a tumor. Lactate, once considered a waste product of glycolysis, is an important metabolite for oxidative phosphorylation in many tissues. While much is known about how muscle and the brain use lactate in oxidative phosphorylation, the contribution of lactate in tumor bioenergetics is less defined. A refocused perspective of cancer metabolism that recognizes metabolic diversity within a tumor offers novel therapeutic targets by which cancer cells may be starved from their fuel sources, and thereby become more sensitive to traditional cancer treatments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can managerial economics aid the chief executive officer?: 1st annual MDE lecture, Pace University, Graduate School of Business, New York City, USA
Authors: Beasley Wm. Howard 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper contains the text of a speech given in New York in early 1981. Dr Beasley chose his topic for the occasion of the Annual Lecture sponsored by Managerial and Decision Economics. The lecture was attended by academics and businessmen from the American East Coast Future lectures will be held in different locations. Managerial and Decision Economics is delighted to have had a man of Dr Beasley's stature to present this, the Inaugural Lecture of the series. We believe readers will find it both helpful and unconventionally provocative.
Product liability: The special problem of medicines
Authors: Massam A. D. W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractProduct liability has been the subject of increasing interest in many countries of the world over the last few years. There has been a developing public view that the manufacturers of all kinds of products should take greater responsibility for them. The product liability problems which can arise from the use of medicines by man have received particular attention; the special features of such products giving rise to misunderstandings. The paper views the present position from the point of view of the pharmaceutical industry in the UK. Recent developmends arising in Europe and elsewhere are described.
The causes and development of health care system costs: The danish experience
Authors: Pyndt P. E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn most western countries the cost of health care occupies an increasing share of the available resources in the economy. By analysing the pharmaceutical technology, which is one of the technologies in the health care system, it is demonstrated that this development cannot totally or partially be referred to the cost of medicine. On the contrary, medicine occupies a decreasing share of the total health care cost in most countries. It is shown that in the past the use of medicine has considerably reduced the loss in society by reducing the human sufferings and the economic implications of lost working days. But also today real and potential savings exist. By using Swedish findings in the areas of rheumatic illnesses and gastric ulcers it occurs that large savings can be obtained by reducing the losses due to lost working days. The author calls for a more positive understanding of the pharmaceutical industry and the conditions in which it operates. To achieve this the industry itself must be more open minded.
Foreign exchange risk: Relevance and management
Authors: Hekman Christine R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFew senior corporate managers profess even a limited understanding of foreign exchange exposure management. This article offers a description of foreign exchange risk and the characteristics and costs of risk hedging alternatives. Because the costs of protection from exchange market fluctuations are company‐specific, the cost differentials explain why some managers hedge extensively while others choose to bear the risk.
Activity analysis with activity switching
Authors: Panik Michael J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study presents a multi‐activity profit‐maximization model which includes a set of zero‐one activity switching variables. The contribution of these variables to total cost, in the form of fixed charges, provides a departure from the usual necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality. In particular, under certain conditions a system of penalties/subsidies emerges which facilitates the allocation of the firm's scarce resources.
A note on profitability as a measure of company efficiency
Authors: O'Donnell A. T. , Swales J. K. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this paper a sample of UK mechanical engineering companies is ranked by a number of one‐factor and two‐factor efficiency measures. Of the one‐factor measures, profitability proves to be most closely related to the more theoretically correct two‐factor measures. Whilst this empirical finding supports a priori reasoning, care must be taken with its interpretation. For when profitability differences between companies do not reflect efficiency differences, conventional two‐factor efficiency measures will themselves be unreliable indicators of true efficiency.
Business behaviour and management structure—2: A case study comparison of managerial initiative in four industrial enterprises
Authors: Minkes A. L. , Nuttall C. S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFour large UK firms, Cadbury Schweppes, Manganese Bronze, Tube Investments and Thomas Tilling, were asked to provide detailed comments on their company's evolution and management styles. This paper reports in detail on the interviews.
Risk, rent seeking and the social cost of monopoly power
Authors: Jadlow Joseph M. , Jadlow Janice W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSome recent empirical studies that have estimated the social cost of monopoly power have included in these estimates observed monopoly rents as a proxy for the unobserved value of the resources expended by rent seekers. This has involved adding these estimates of resources wasted by rent seekers to estimates of deadweight welfare loss triangles so as to produce an overall estimate of the social cost of monopoly. The present paper points out that each firm seeking a monopoly rent flow not only may be uncertain about obtaining the flow but also about retaining it in future periods. It is shown that this is likely to cause the proportion of the rent flow converted into social cost to be well below 100% regardless of whether the rent sought is small relative to initial wealth and regardless of whether rent seekers are risk‐neutral or risk‐averse. These findings demonstrate that large errors are likely to be made in monopoly welfare loss studies if observed monopoly rents continue to be employed as a measure of the value of resources used in rent‐seeking activities.
Activation of fast‐twitch fibers assessed with twitch potentiation
Authors: Sasaki Kazushige , Tomioka Yukie , Ishii Naokata 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIntroduction: The augmentation of twitch response following brief muscle activation, called twitch potentiation, has been shown to be much more pronounced in fast‐twitch than in slow‐twitch fibers. We thus explored the possibility of twitch potentiation as a noninvasive measure of fast‐twitch fiber activation, by studying its dependence on the intensity of preceding contraction. Methods: Twitch contraction of plantar flexor muscles was evoked with supramaximal stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve, before and immediately after 6‐s voluntary contractions at intensities of 10–100% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Results: Except for low‐intensity contractions (< 30%MVC), voluntary contraction induced twitch potentiation, the magnitude of which increased with increasing contraction intensity (P < 0.001). The shortened contractile process was associated with the potentiation. Conclusions: These results are consistent with the concept of “hierarchical order of fiber activation”, suggesting that the magnitude of twitch potentiation reflects the activation of fast‐twitch fibers during a brief contraction. Muscle Nerve 46: 218–227, 2012
Proteomic analysis in giant axonal neuropathy: New insights into disease mechanisms
Authors: Mussche Silke , De Paepe Boel , Smet Joél , Devreese Katrien , Lissens Willy , Rasic Vedrana Milic , Murnane Matthew , Devreese Bart , Van Coster Rudy 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a progressive hereditary disease that affects the peripheral and central nervous systems. It is characterized morphologically by aggregates of intermediate filaments in different tissues. Mutations have been reported in the gene that codes for gigaxonin. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanism remains obscure. Methods: Cell lines from 4 GAN patients and 4 controls were analyzed by iTRAQ. Results: Among the dysregulated proteins were ribosomal protein L29, ribosomal protein L37, galectin‐1, glia‐derived nexin, and aminopeptidase N. Also, nuclear proteins linked to formin‐binding proteins were found to be dysregulated. Although the major role of gigaxonin is reported to be degradation of cytoskeleton‐associated proteins, the amount of 76 structural cytoskeletal proteins was unaltered. Conclusions: Several of the dysregulated proteins play a role in cytoskeletal reorganization. Based on these findings, we speculate that disturbed cytoskeletal regulation is responsible for formation of aggregates of intermediate filaments. Muscle Nerve 46: 246–256, 2012
Dual sourcing: Responsive hedging against correlated supply and demand uncertainty
Authors: Sting Fabian J. , Huchzermeier Arnd 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article analyzes dual sourcing decisions under stochastically dependent supply and demand uncertainty. A manufacturer faces the trade‐off between investing in unreliable but high‐margin offshore supply and in reliable but low‐margin local supply, where the latter allows for production that is responsively contingent on the actual demand and offshore supply conditions. Cost thresholds for both types of supply determine the optimal resource allocation: single offshore sourcing, single responsive sourcing, or dual sourcing. Relying on the concept of concordance orders, we study the effects of correlation between supply and demand uncertainty. Adding offshore supply to the sourcing portfolio becomes more favorable under positive correlation, since offshore supply is likely to satisfy demand when needed. Selecting responsive capacity under correlated supply and demand uncertainty is not as straightforward, yet we establish the managerially relevant conditions under which responsive capacity either gains or loses in importance. Our key results are extended to the broad class of endogenous supply uncertainty developed by Dada et al. [Manufact Serv Operat Mange 9 (2007), 9–32].© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012
Body mass index and thromboembolism in children with hematological malignancies
Authors: Tuckuviene Ruta , Christensen Anette L. , Chan Anthony K.C. , Athale Uma 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of body mass index (BMI) on the risk of thromboembolism (TE) in children (<18 years) with hematological malignancies during the period 1990–2009 (n = 359). Obesity was prevalent in 12% of patients: 6% versus 17% prior to and after the year 2000 (P = 0.02). Sixty‐one (17%) patients developed TE; increasing BMI was associated with increased, but statistically insignificant risk of TE [adjusted odds ratios (OR): 0.75 (95%CI 0.32–1.77), 0.93 (95%CI 0.38–2.30), and 1.01(95%CI 0.42–2.41) for underweight, overweight, and obese group]. A large prospective study is needed to define the impact of BMI on the risk of TE in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:320–322. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organic solar cell materials and active layer designs—improvements with carbon nanotubes: a review
Authors: Ratier Bernard , Nunzi Jean‐Michel , Aldissi Matt , Kraft Thomas M , Buncel Erwin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractOrganic solar cells offer an opportunity to diversify renewable energy sources owing to their low technological cost. They are amenable to large surfaces and can easily be integrated into buildings. It is necessary, however, to improve their energy efficiency and durability for the development of a sustainable technology. In these devices, photovoltaic conversion is based on the separation of photogenerated charges at an interface between electron donor and acceptor materials, which imposes some constraints on the photoactive layer of the cells. In this paper, which includes some of our studies, we address optimization of the active layer: absorption and exciton dissociation steps, the open‐circuit voltage and the active layer morphology. A promising direction proposed to improve the active layer morphology and cell efficiency is the incorporation of highly anisotropic nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes, which may facilitate charge transport to the electrodes. Dispersion and orientation of the nanotubes in the organic matrix are discussed and we suggest an ideal model polymer solar cell which will maximize performance of the cells by using carbon nanotubes in the active layer. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Correlated Electrical and Optical Studies of Hybrid Argon Gas–Water Plasmas and their Application to Tooth Whitening
Authors: Kim Myoung Soo , Koo Il Gyo , Choi Myeong Yeol , Jung Jae‐Chul , Eldali Fathala , Lee Jae Koo , Collins George J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRadio frequency (RF) driven hybrid gas–water plasma for tooth whitening was developed and the plasma chemical reactions with de‐ionized (DI) water were studied. Plasma operating conditions, such as RF input power and argon flow rate were correlated with plasma lengths. The operation of hybrid gas–water plasma changed both the electrical conductivity and pH concentration of the DI water. OH and H2O2 densities were measured to determine the dominant species generated by plasma. The major chemical reaction pathways and known rate constants are given in support of the analysis of major chemical reaction pathways. Finally, we demonstrated that the hybrid gas–water configuration achieved porcine tooth whitening.magnified image
Spin‐flip transition and non‐one‐dimensional magnetic coupling in quasi‐one‐dimensional oxygen deficient Sr6Co5O15–δ
Authors: Li H. N. , Sun Z. Y. , Xia Z. C. , Huang J. W. , Xiao L. X. , Peng L. P. , Wu Y. Y. , Du G. H. , Ouyang Z. W. , Li L. , Huang Y. , Chen P. R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHigh‐quality single‐crystal Sr6Co5O15–δ (δ = 1.33) was successfully synthesized with a flux method. Detailed crystalline structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction at 298 K, which revealed a quasi‐one‐dimensional Co–O chain‐like structure of this oxygen‐deficient material. The magnetizations were measured in a pulsed high magnetic field up to 32 T and with a Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS). A large anisotropy and a distinct spin‐flip transition were observed in the magnetization behavior. Theoretical calculation based on Botana's results suggests that interchain interaction (non‐one‐dimensional magnetic coupling) plays an important role in the magnetic properties of Sr6Co5O15–δ.
Autonomous Go‐and‐Touch Exploration (AGATE)
Authors: Seelinger Michael , Yoder John‐David , Baumgartner Eric T. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper presents work done to enable a mobile manipulator to autonomously place, its tool with high accuracy and reliability, relative to a visually distinctive target. The work is novel in that the cameras are not calibrated a priori, rather, the system calibrates the cameras by moving the manipulator through the field of view, and the algorithm combines motion of the mobile base and the manipulator in order to achieve the task. Although not creating a globally improved camera calibration, the method provides very high precision in positioning a mobile manipulator relative to a visually selected target. The work was motivated by a desire to increase the precision and efficiency of the Mars exploration rovers (MER), allowing more science to be carried out in the same span of time. In addition to the algorithm, the paper describes a large number of experiments used to show the effectiveness of the method. For the experiments described in this paper, the starting distance of the rover relative to the point of interest ranged from about 2 to 8 m. Depending on the distance of traverse required, the rover had to use one to three sets of stereo cameras. Over a large range of distances, and many experiments, the system was shown to be robust and accurate. The paper further breaks down the sources of error and examines their importance based on a large number of experiments. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
STATIS and DISTATIS: optimum multitable principal component analysis and three way metric multidimensional scaling
Authors: Abdi Hervé , Williams Lynne J. , Valentin Domininique , Bennani‐Dosse Mohammed 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSTATIS is an extension of principal component analysis (PCA) tailored to handle multiple data tables that measure sets of variables collected on the same observations, or, alternatively, as in a variant called dual‐STATIS, multiple data tables where the same variables are measured on different sets of observations. STATIS proceeds in two steps: First it analyzes the between data table similarity structure and derives from this analysis an optimal set of weights that are used to compute a linear combination of the data tables called the compromise that best represents the information common to the different data tables; Second, the PCA of this compromise gives an optimal map of the observations. Each of the data tables also provides a map of the observations that is in the same space as the optimum compromise map. In this article, we present STATIS, explain the criteria that it optimizes, review the recent inferential extensions to STATIS and illustrate it with a detailed example.We also review, and present in a common framework, the main developments of STATIS such as (1) X‐STATIS or partial triadic analysis (PTA) which is used when all data tables collect the same variables measured on the same observations (e.g., at different times or locations), (2) COVSTATIS, which handles multiple covariance matrices collected on the same observations, (3) DISTATIS, which handles multiple distance matrices collected on the same observations and generalizes metric multidimensional scaling to three way distance matrices, (4) Canonical‐STATIS (CANOSTATIS), which generalizes discriminant analysis and combines it with DISTATIS to analyze multitable discriminant analysis problems, (5) power‐STATIS, which uses alternative criteria to find STATIS optimal weights, (6) ANISOSTATIS, which extends STATIS to give specific weights to each variable rather than to each whole table, (7) (K + 1)‐STATIS (or external‐STATIS), which extends STATIS (and PLS‐methods and Tucker inter battery analysis) to the analysis of the relationships of several data sets and one external data set, and (8) double‐STATIS (or DO‐ACT), which generalizes (K + 1)‐STATIS and analyzes two sets of data tables, and STATIS‐4, which generalizes double‐STATIS to more than two sets of data.These recent developments are illustrated by small examples. WIREs Comput Stat 2012, 4:124–167. doi: 10.1002/wics.198This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Dimension Reduction
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Exploratory Data Analysis
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Analysis of High Dimensional Data
Diorganotin(IV) Complexes of Methyl 2‐{[(E)‐8‐Oxo‐5, 8‐dihydroquinolin‐5‐ylidene]hydrazino}benzoate
Authors: Basu Baul Tushar S. , Mizar Archana , Ruisi Giuseppe , Tiekink Edward R. T. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThree cis‐bis{5‐[(E)‐2‐(2‐carbomethoxyphenyl)‐1‐diazenyl]quinolinolato}‐diorganotin(IV), R2Sn(L)2, complexes [R = Me (1), Ph (2) and Bz (3)] were synthesized and characterizedby 1H‐, 13C‐, 119Sn‐ NMR, IR, and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopic techniques in combination with elemental analysis. The structure of diphenyltin(IV) complex Ph2Sn(L)2 (2) was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography as its tri‐benzene solvate. Each complex was found to adopt a distorted cis‐R2 octahedral arrangement around the tin atom with the quinolinolato ligands being N,O‐chelating; the oxygen atoms are trans to each other. The complexes retain their solid‐state structure in non‐coordinating solvents as evidenced by119Sn‐NMR spectroscopy.
Case‐Based Learning in Surgery: Lessons Learned
Authors: Nordquist Jonas , Sundberg Kristina , Johansson Linda , Sandelin Kerstin , Nordenström Jörgen 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to obtain a deepened understanding of the implementation process of case‐based learning (CBL) during a surgical semester at the Undergraduate Medical Program at Karolinska Institutet. The objectives are to identify the level of success of the implementation and to identify practical and theoretical implications of importance in connection to the process.MethodsBased on a qualitative study design, the study explores students’ and teachers’ perceptions of the educational intervention CBL in context. Five faculty members involved in the entire reform and five students from the second cohort were interviewed 1 year into the implementation phase. Narrative data from the semistructured interviews were coded using a blend of an inductive and deductive approach to derive the coding categories.ResultsThe results of the study reflect two overarching themes: the importance of a well‐functioning implementation process and the misalignment between the student/faculty Teaching Learning Regime and the attributes of CBL. The findings have resulted in a checklist for implementation of CBL in a surgical curriculum.ConclusionsThe implementation of CBL was not satisfactory. Still, exposure of the weaknesses of the implementation process, the misalignment between CBL and the reigning teaching and learning regime, and promotion of the future use of the checklist are key to future successful implementation of CBL in any surgical undergraduate curriculum.