bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament With Hamstring Tendon Autograft and Fresh-Frozen Allograft
Authors: Sun Kang , Zhang Jihua , Wang Yan , Xia Changsuo , Zhang Cailong , Yu Tengbo , Tian Shaoqi 
Published: March 2011

Background: Most studies of allograft versus autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction have been of bone–patellar tendon–bone; outcome reports evaluating anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft versus allograft are rare. Purpose: This study was undertaken to compare the clinical outcome of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft versus allograft. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Between 2000 and 2004, 208 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study were prospectively randomized into autograft (n = 104) or allograft (n = 104) groups. All hamstring tendon allografts were fresh-frozen and obtained from a single certified tissue bank. All the operations were done by the same surgeon with the same surgical technique. Femoral and tibial fixation was by means of an EndoButton and a bioabsorbable interference screw augmented with a staple, respectively. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Evaluations included detailed history, physical examination, functional knee ligament testing, KT-2000 arthrometer testing, Harner vertical jump and Daniel 1-legged hop tests, Lysholm score, Tegner score, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) standard evaluation form, Cincinnati knee score, and radiographs. Results: Of these patients, 186 (autograft, n = 91; allograft, n = 95) were available for full evaluation. Demographic data were comparable between groups. The mean follow-up was 7.8 years for both groups. There were no statistically significant differences according to the evaluations of the outcome aforementioned between the 2 groups except that patients in the allograft group had a shorter operation time than the autograft group. Seven patients (7.7%) in the autograft group and 8 (8.4%) in the allograft group had a side-to-side difference >5 mm. Eighty-five patients (93.4%) in the autograft group and 86 (90.5%) in the allograft group were normal or nearly normal according to the overall IKDC. According to the subjective IKDC, the average scores were 89 and 90 points, respectively, for the autograft and allograft groups. The mean Lysholm and Tegner scores were 89 points and 7.7 points, respectively, for the autograft group and 90 points and 7.6 points, respectively, for the allograft group. For the Cincinnati knee score, the average scores were 90 and 91 points, respectively, for the autograft and allograft groups. Conclusion: Both groups of patients achieved almost the same satisfactory outcome at an average of 7.8 years of follow-up. Fresh-frozen hamstring tendon allograft is a reasonable alternative choice to autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Alternatives to the standard Fleming, Harrington, and O’Brien futility boundary
Authors: Anderson James R , High Robin 
Published: March 2011

Background Phase III clinical trials comparing a standard treatment to a new therapy are often monitored for futility, that is, convincing evidence that the outcome of the new treatment is not as good as that specified by the alternative hypothesis. Fleming, Harrington, and O’Brien (FHOB) proposed a popular futility monitoring method, based upon repeated testing of the alternative hypothesis at some fixed p-value (often set at p = 0.005). Purpose To demonstrate several interesting properties of the boundary, and to suggest alternative boundaries on the null hypothesis normalized test statistic, which cross zero at 50% of the expected total information. Methods The FHOB boundary is redefined as a boundary on the null hypothesis normalized test statistic and re-parameterized. Results FHOB-type boundaries are shown to be a function only of the significance level and power of the primary test of hypothesis, and the p-value used for repeated testing of the alternative hypothesis. The boundary can be ‘centered’ (in the sense of crossing zero) at some fixed percentage of the expected total information and the rate at which the boundary increases is related to the significance level and power of the primary test of hypothesis. Limitations Other futility monitoring boundaries exist and have differing operating characteristics. Conclusions The standard FHOB boundary, based upon repeated testing of the alternative hypothesis at p = 0.005 may be considered unnecessarily conservative in some settings and a monitoring boundary is proposed that is more likely to lead to a recommendation of futility when the null hypothesis is true.
Meta-analysis of Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes After Arthroscopic Single-Row Versus Double-Row Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Perser Karen , Godfrey David , Bisson Leslie 
Published: March 2011

Context: Double-row rotator cuff repair methods have improved biomechanical performance when compared with single-row repairs. Objective: To review clinical outcomes of single-row versus double-row rotator cuff repair with the hypothesis that double-row rotator cuff repair will result in better clinical and radiographic outcomes. Data Sources: Published literature from January 1980 to April 2010. Key terms included rotator cuff, prospective studies, outcomes, and suture techniques. Study Selection: The literature was systematically searched, and 5 level I and II studies were found comparing clinical outcomes of single-row and double-row rotator cuff repair. Coleman methodology scores were calculated for each article. Data Extraction: Meta-analysis was performed, with treatment effect between single row and double row for clinical outcomes and with odds ratios for radiographic results. The sample size necessary to detect a given difference in clinical outcome between the 2 methods was calculated. Results: Three level I studies had Coleman scores of 80, 74, and 81, and two level II studies had scores of 78 and 73. There were 156 patients with single-row repairs and 147 patients with double-row repairs, both with an average follow-up of 23 months (range, 12-40 months). Double-row repairs resulted in a greater treatment effect for each validated outcome measure in 4 studies, but the differences were not clinically or statistically significant (range, 0.4-2.2 points; 95% confidence interval, –0.19, 4.68 points). Double-row repairs had better radiographic results, but the differences were also not statistically significant (P = 0.13). Two studies had adequate power to detect a 10-point difference between repair methods using the Constant score, and 1 study had power to detect a 5-point difference using the UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) score. Conclusions: Double-row rotator cuff repair does not show a statistically significant improvement in clinical outcome or radiographic healing with short-term follow-up.
Lack of perceived social support among immigrants after a disaster: comparative study
Authors: Drogendijk Annelieke N. , van der Velden Peter G. , Gersons Berthold P. R. , Kleber Rolf J. 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundDisaster research suggests that immigrant groups who are affected by a disaster receive less emotional support than their native counterparts. However, it is unclear to what extent these differences can be attributed to post-disaster mental health problems or whether they were present before the event.AimsTo examine the association between lack of social support, immigration status and victim status, as well as differences in support between immigrants and Dutch natives with disaster-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodSocial support and psychological distress were assessed among immigrants and Dutch natives, among affected and non-affected individuals 4 years post disaster. Post-traumatic stress disorder was examined in the affected groups.ResultsAffected immigrants more often lacked various kinds of perceived social support compared with affected Dutch natives. Remarkably, we found no differences in support between affected immigrants and non-affected immigrants. Immigrants with PTSD differ on only two out of six aspects of support from the Dutch natives with PTSD.ConclusionsResults clearly indicate that differences in support between immigrants and Dutch natives are not so much a consequence of the disaster but were largely present before the disaster.
Time course of regional brain activity accompanying auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia
Authors: Hoffman Ralph E. , Pittman Brian , Constable R. Todd , Bhagwagar Zubin , Hampson Michelle 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe pathophysiology of auditory verbal hallucinations remains poorly understood.AimsTo characterise the time course of regional brain activity leading to auditory verbal hallucinations.MethodDuring functional magnetic resonance imaging, 11 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder signalled auditory verbal hallucination events by pressing a button. To control for effects of motor behaviour, regional activity associated with hallucination events was scaled against corresponding activity arising from random button-presses produced by 10 patients who did not experience hallucinations.ResultsImmediately prior to the hallucinations, motor-adjusted activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus was significantly greater than corresponding activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus. In contrast, motor-adjusted activity in a right posterior temporal region overshadowed corresponding activity in the left homologous temporal region. Robustly elevated motor-adjusted activity in the left temporal region associated with auditory verbal hallucinations was also detected, but only subsequent to hallucination events. At the earliest time shift studied, the correlation between left inferior frontal gyrus and right temporal activity was significantly higher for the hallucination group compared with non-hallucinating patients.ConclusionsFindings suggest that heightened functional coupling between the left inferior frontal gyrus and right temporal regions leads to coactivation in these speech processing regions that is hallucinogenic. Delayed left temporal activation may reflect impaired corollary discharge contributing to source misattribution of resulting verbal images.
Polygenic dissection of the bipolar phenotype
Authors: Hamshere M. L. , O'Donovan M. C. , Jones I. R. , Jones L. , Kirov G. , Green E. K. , Moskvina V. , Grozeva D. , Bass N. , McQuillin A. , Gurling H. , Clair D. St , Young A. H. , Ferrier I. N. , Farmer A. , McGuffin P. , Sklar P. , Purcell S. , Holmans P. A. , Owen M. J. , Craddock N. 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundRecent data provide strong support for a substantial common polygenic contribution (i.e. many alleles each of small effect) to genetic susceptibility for schizophrenia and overlapping susceptibility for bipolar disorder.AimsTo test hypotheses about the relationship between schizophrenia and psychotic types of bipolar disorder.MethodUsing a polygenic score analysis to test whether schizophrenia polygenic risk alleles, en masse, significantly discriminate between individuals with bipolar disorder with and without psychotic features. The primary sample included 1829 participants with bipolar disorder and the replication sample comprised 506 people with bipolar disorder.ResultsThe subset of participants with Research Diagnostic Criteria schizoaffective bipolar disorder (n = 277) were significantly discriminated from the remaining participants with bipolar disorder (n = 1552) in both the primary (P = 0.00059) and the replication data-sets (P = 0.0070). In contrast, those with psychotic bipolar disorder as a whole were not significantly different from those with non-psychotic bipolar disorder in either data-set.ConclusionsGenetic susceptibility influences at least two major domains of psychopathological variation in the schizophrenia–bipolar disorder clinical spectrum: one that relates to expression of a ‘bipolar disorder-like’ phenotype and one that is associated with expression of ‘schizophrenia-like’ psychotic symptoms.
Clozapine: dangerous orphan or neglected friend?
Authors: Farooq Saeed , Taylor Mark 
Published: March 2011

SummaryEvidence concerning the superior efficacy and effectiveness of clozapine has not fully informed routine clinical practice. This is possibly because of the perception that clozapine is a dangerous therapeutic agent. Clozapine use may actually promote longevity, and earlier use of clozapine in adequate dosages represents a neglected therapeutic opportunity in this age of stagnated antipsychotic innovation.
Drug-Related Pneumonitis in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Temsirolimus
Authors: Maroto Jose Pablo , Hudes Gary , Dutcher Janice P. , Logan Theodore F. , White Charles S. , Krygowski Mizue , Cincotta Maria , Shapiro Mark , Duran Ignacio , Berkenblit Anna 
Published: March 2011

Purpose Pneumonitis has occurred in patients treated with inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In a phase III study of patients with previously untreated, poor-prognosis, advanced renal cell carcinoma (ARCC), the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus improved survival compared with interferon. We performed a retrospective, independent, blinded radiographic review of chest computed tomography (CT) images of patients in this study to characterize temsirolimus-related pneumonitis. Patients and Methods Patients were treated with intravenous temsirolimus 25 mg once weekly or subcutaneous interferon alfa 3 million units, with an increase to 18 million units, thrice weekly. Drug-related pneumonitis was identified based on sequential chest CT images, required every 8 weeks, showing changes consistent with pneumonitis and not pneumonia (infection) or disease progression as correlated with clinical data. Cumulative probability of drug-related pneumonitis was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Eight (6%) of 138 and 52 (29%) of 178 evaluable patients on interferon and temsirolimus treatment, respectively, developed radiographically identified drug-related pneumonitis. Time to onset of pneumonitis was significantly shorter on the temsirolimus arm than on the interferon arm (log-rank P < .001). Estimated cumulative probability of pneumonitis at 8 and 16 weeks from first dose was 21% and 31%, respectively, on the temsirolimus arm and 6% and 8%, respectively, on the interferon arm. Respiratory symptoms were observed around time of onset of radiographically diagnosed temsirolimus-related pneumonitis in 16 (31%) of 52 patients. Conclusion Patients with ARCC receiving temsirolimus should be monitored closely for development of pneumonitis, and their management should be altered if clinical symptoms appear.
Perioperative Chemotherapy Compared With Surgery Alone for Resectable Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma: An FNCLCC and FFCD Multicenter Phase III Trial
Authors: Ychou Marc , Boige Valérie , Pignon Jean-Pierre , Conroy Thierry , Bouché Olivier , Lebreton Gilles , Ducourtieux Muriel , Bedenne Laurent , Fabre Jean-Michel , Saint-Aubert Bernard , Genève Jean , Lasser Philippe , Rougier Philippe 
Published: March 2011

Purpose After curative resection, the prognosis of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma is poor. This phase III trial was designed to evaluate the benefit in overall survival (OS) of perioperative fluorouracil plus cisplatin in resectable gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods Overall, 224 patients with resectable adenocarcinoma of the lower esophagus, gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), or stomach were randomly assigned to either perioperative chemotherapy and surgery (CS group; n = 113) or surgery alone (S group; n = 111). Chemotherapy consisted of two or three preoperative cycles of intravenous cisplatin (100 mg/m2) on day 1, and a continuous intravenous infusion of fluorouracil (800 mg/m2/d) for 5 consecutive days (days 1 to 5) every 28 days and three or four postoperative cycles of the same regimen. The primary end point was OS. Results Compared with the S group, the CS group had a better OS (5-year rate 38% v 24%; hazard ratio [HR] for death: 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.95; P = .02); and a better disease-free survival (5-year rate: 34% v 19%; HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.89; P = .003). In the multivariable analysis, the favorable prognostic factors for survival were perioperative chemotherapy (P = .01) and stomach tumor localization (P < .01). Perioperative chemotherapy significantly improved the curative resection rate (84% v 73%; P = .04). Grade 3 to 4 toxicity occurred in 38% of CS patients (mainly neutropenia) but postoperative morbidity was similar in the two groups. Conclusion In patients with resectable adenocarcinoma of the lower esophagus, GEJ, or stomach, perioperative chemotherapy using fluorouracil plus cisplatin significantly increased the curative resection rate, disease-free survival, and OS.
Comparison of high sensitivity and contemporary troponin assays for the early detection of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department
Authors: Aldous Sally J , Florkowski Chris M , Crozier Ian G , Elliott John , George Peter , Lainchbury John G , Mackay Richard J , Than Martin 
Published: March 2011

Background Current guidelines define acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by the rise and/or fall of cardiac troponin with ≥1 value above the 99th percentile. Past troponin assays have been unreliable at the lower end of the range. Highly sensitive assays have therefore been developed to increase the clinical sensitivity for detection of myocardial injury. Methods Three hundred and thirty-two patients with chest pain suggestive of AMI were prospectively recruited between November 2006 and April 2007. Serial blood samples were analysed to compare Roche Elecsys high sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), Abbott Architect troponin I 3rd generation (TnI 3) and Roche Elecsys troponin T (TnT) for the diagnosis of AMI. Results One hundred and ten (33.1%) patients were diagnosed with AMI. Test performance for the diagnosis of AMI, as quantified by receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (95% confidence intervals) for baseline/follow-up troponins were as follows: hsTnT 0.90 (0.87–0.94)/0.94 (0.91–0.97), TnI 3 0.88 (0.84–0.92)/0.93 (0.90–0.96) and TnT 0.80 (0.74–0.85)/0.89 (0.85–0.94). hsTnT was superior to TnT ( P < 0.001/0.013 at baseline/follow-up) but equivalent to TnI 3. For patients with a final diagnosis of AMI, baseline troponins were raised in more patients for hsTnT (83.6%) than TnI 3 (74.5%) and TnT (62.7%). A delta troponin of ≥20% increased the specificity of hsTnT from 80.6% to 93.7% but reduced sensitivity from 90.9% to 71.8%. Conclusion hsTnT was superior to TnT but equivalent to TnI 3 for the diagnosis of AMI. Serial troponin measurement increased test performance. hsTnT was the most likely to be raised at baseline in those with AMI. A delta troponin increases specificity but reduces sensitivity.
High sensitivity troponin outperforms contemporary assays in predicting major adverse cardiac events up to two years in patients with chest pain
Authors: Aldous Sally J , Florkowski Chris M , Crozier Ian G , George Peter , Mackay Richard , Than Martin 
Published: March 2011

Background Previous studies have shown a risk of subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) and elevated cardiac troponin. The aim of this study was to compare prognostic utility of high-sensitivity troponin with contemporary troponin assays in such patients. Methods In total, 332 patients with suspected ACS were investigated between November 2006 and April 2007; all were followed for two years. Blood samples were analysed to compare Roche Elecsys high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), Abbott Architect troponin I 3rd generation (TnI 3) and Roche Elecsys troponin T (TnT), for the prediction of MACE (composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and revascularization). Results Sixty-eight patients (20.5%) experienced MACE between discharge and two years. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve derived area under the ROC curve (95% confidence intervals) for baseline hsTnT were 0.70 (0.63–0.76), TnI 3 0.66 (0.59–0.73) and TnT 0.61 (0.53–0.69). hsTnT ( P = 0.001) was superior to TnT and TnI 3 trended ( P = 0.094) to superiority but were equivalent to each other. hsTnT best stratified patients with cumulative event rates for two-year MACE of 35.6% for levels ≥99th percentile, 17.9% for levels between the limit of detection (LOD) and 99th percentile and 5.4% for levels <LOD compared with TnI 3: 33.0%, 31.1% and 10.9%, respectively. TnT had MACE rates of 36.7% when ≥99th percentile and 15.4% when <99th percentile (=LOD). Conclusions hsTnT outperformed contemporary TnI and TnT assays for the prediction of MACE at two years. Those with levels below the LOD for hsTnT identified a group of patients at very low risk for adverse events.
Who Should Be Responsible for Software Security? A Comparative Analysis of Liability Policies in Network Environments
Authors: August Terrence , Tunca Tunay I. 
Published: March 2011

In recent years, vendor liability for software security vulnerabilities has been the center of an important debate in the software community and a topic gaining government attention in legislative committees and hearings. The importance of this question surrounding vendor security liability is amplified when one considers the increasing emergence of zero-day attacks where hackers take advantage of vulnerabilities before the software vendor has a chance to release protective patches. In this paper, we compare the effectiveness of three software liability policies: vendor liability for damages, vendor liability for patching costs, and government imposed security standards. We find that vendor liability for losses is not effective in improving social welfare in the short run, while liability for patching costs can be effective if either patching costs are large and the likelihood of a zero-day attack is low, or patching costs are small and zero-day likelihood is high. In the long run, when the vendor can invest in reducing the likelihood of security vulnerabilities, loss liability is still ineffective when the zero-day attack probability is high but can increase both vendor investment in security and social welfare when zero-day attack likelihood is sufficiently low. When the zero-day attack probability is high, patch liability is ineffective if user patching costs are large, but partial patch liability can boost vendor investment and improve welfare when patching costs are small. In contrast, in an environment with low zero-day attack probability, full vendor patch liability can be optimal. Finally, comparing the effectiveness of the three liability policies under study, we find that government imposed standards on software security investment can be preferable to both patching and loss liability on the vendor, if zero-day attack likelihood is sufficiently low. However, if zero-day attacks are a common occurrence and patching costs are not too high, partial patch liability is the most effective policy. This paper was accepted by Sandra Slaughter, information systems.
How Does Popularity Information Affect Choices? A Field Experiment
Authors: Tucker Catherine , Zhang Juanjuan 
Published: March 2011

Popularity information is usually thought to reinforce existing sales trends by encouraging customers to flock to mainstream products with broad appeal. We suggest a countervailing market force: popularity information may benefit niche products with narrow appeal disproportionately, because the same level of popularity implies higher quality for narrow-appeal products than for broad-appeal products. We examine this hypothesis empirically using field experiment data from a website that lists wedding service vendors. Our findings are consistent with this hypothesis: narrow-appeal vendors receive more visits than equally popular broad-appeal vendors after the introduction of popularity information. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.