bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three dimensional (3D)‐printed foods: A review of recent advances in their ingredients, printing techniques, food printers, post‐processing methods, consumer acceptance and safety
Authors: Mudau Masala , Adebo Oluwafemi Ayodeji 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThree‐dimensional food printing (3DFP) involves layer‐by‐layer deposition of food materials to transform a part model into a food product. With this cutting‐edge food processing technology, food's acceptability, among others, can be enhanced, consequently contributing to food security. This review focuses on 3D‐printed foods (3DPFs), with an overview of 3DPFs, describing various printing techniques and the differences between them in terms of the principles used, and the food fabricated. This review also thoroughly elucidates the various kinds of 3D‐printable materials, functional ingredients, and the health advantages of using them to obtain 3DPFs. The consumer acceptance and safety of 3DPFs, research drawbacks, and promising aspects related to 3DFP are also explicated in this review. As the food industry looks for ways to reduce waste and boost the production of individualized and customized foods, 3D printing of foods is a sustainable way of food production for now and the future.Practical applicationsAdopting 3D food printing in the food industry can help minimize manufacturing costs while providing a variety of food whose designs are customizable, whose nutrients can be digitalized, and which can satisfy individuals' specific dietary requirements. With much more recent developments in novel ingredients, printing technologies, and food printers, post‐processing techniques, among others, this technology can significantly contribute to ensuring food security.
The effect of abdominal massage and in‐bed ROM exercise on gastrointestinal complications and comfort in intensive care unit patients receiving enteral nutrition: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Turan Mensure , Cengiz Zeliha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimAbdominal massage facilitates gastric and colonic motility, reduces intra‐abdominal distension and increases circulation. In‐bed range of motion (ROM) exercise has effects on muscle strength, cardiac parameters and excretion. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of abdominal massage and in‐bed ROM exercise on gastrointestinal complications and patient comfort in intensive care patients receiving enteral nutrition.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial was conducted in the internal intensive care units of two tertiary public hospitals. The sample consisted of 130 patients randomly assigned to three groups (abdominal massage = 44, in‐bed ROM exercise = 43, control = 43). The individuals received abdominal massage and in‐bed ROM exercises every morning before enteral feeding for 3 days. We assessed gastrointestinal complications and comfort levels of the patients 24 h after each intervention.ResultsWhile the differences in abdominal distention, defecation status, constipation, and gastric residual volume complications were significant (p < .05), there was no significant difference in diarrhea and vomiting (p > .05). Comfort level showed a statistically significant change in the experimental groups in the in‐group comparison (p < .05).ConclusionAbdominal massage and in‐bed ROM exercise reduce abdominal distention, constipation and gastric residual volume. Abdominal massage affects the frequency of defecation; and, both interventions increase the comfort while reducing the pain level over time.
A review: Pancreatic enzymes in the treatment of chronic pancreatic insufficiency in companion animals
Authors: Szkopek Dominika , Pierzynowski Stefan G. , Pierzynowska Kateryna , Zaworski Kamil , Kondej Agata , Wychowański Piotr , Konieczka Paweł , Seklecka Blanka , Donaldson Janine , Jank Michał , Woliński Jarosław 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this review was to analyze the scientific literature on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in dogs and cats and our own research on porcine model to compare animal‐ and microbial‐derived enzymes in the treatment of animals with this disease. Clinical signs of EPI occur when more than 85% of the pancreatic parenchyma is non‐functional. EPI can be a consequence of various diseases. The insufficient activity or deficiency of pancreatic enzymes leads to impaired digestion and absorption, and consequently, to malnutrition. The primary treatment for enzyme insufficiency is pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). PERT in animals with EPI is a lifetime therapy. Most commercially available products are of animal origin (processed pancreata obtained from a slaughter house) and contain lipases, alpha‐amylase, and proteases. Enzymes of microbial and plant origin seem to be a promising alternative to animal‐derived enzymes, but to date there are no registered preparations containing all enzymes simultaneously for use in clinical practice to treat EPI. Results from some previous studies have highlighted the “extra‐digestive” functions of pancreatic enzymes, as well as the actions of pancreatic‐like microbial enzymes. For example, trypsin activates protease‐activated receptor and provokes maturation of enterocytes and enterostatin inhibits fat absorption. It has been postulated that intrapancreatic amylase is the main component of the acini‐islet‐acinar axis—the reflex which down regulates insulin release, while gut and blood amylase exhibit anti‐incretin actions “per se.” Additionally, high but still physiological blood amylase activity coincide with physiological glucose homeostasis and a lack of obesity.
Structural change and productivity revolutions: Some hints from the Italian case, 1979–2016
Authors: Brambilla Carlo , Lavista Fabio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe reallocation of resources between sectors is classically regarded as the engine of long‐term growth. The different technological opportunities and the inherent levels of productivity that characterise each sector explain why changes in sectoral composition trigger development processes. Conversely, in the short run, productivity growth is associated with differentiation processes among firms operating in the same industry. The recent debate on the decline in Italian productivity has mainly focussed on short‐term interpretations. Using a new dataset on the largest Italian companies between the 1970s and the 2010s period, the paper examines the role of structural change in determining productivity changes.
Activation of innate immunity selectively compromises mitochondrial complex I, proline oxidation, and flight activity in the major arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti
Authors: Gaviraghi Alessandro , Barletta Ana Beatriz F. , Silva Thiago Luiz Alves E. , Oliveira Matheus P. , Sorgine Marcos H. F. , Oliveira Marcus F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAedes aegypti females are natural vectors of important arboviruses such as dengue, zika, and yellow fever. Mosquitoes activate innate immune response signaling pathways upon infection, as a resistance mechanism to fight pathogens and limit their propagation. Despite the beneficial effects of immune activation for insect vectors, phenotypic costs ultimately affect their fitness. However, the underlying mechanisms that mediate these fitness costs remain poorly understood. Given the high energy required to mount a proper immune response, we hypothesized that systemic activation of innate immunity would impair flight muscle mitochondrial function, compromising tissue energy demand and flight activity. Here, we investigated the dynamic effects of activation of innate immunity by intra‐thoracic zymosan injection on A. aegypti flight muscle mitochondrial metabolism. Zymosan injection significantly increased defensin A expression in fat bodies in a time‐dependent manner that compromised flight activity. Although oxidant levels in flight muscle were hardly altered, ATP‐linked respiratory rates driven by mitochondrial pyruvate+proline oxidation were significantly reduced at 24 h upon zymosan injection. Oxidative phosphorylation coupling was preserved regardless of innate immune response activation along 24 h. Importantly, rotenone‐sensitive respiration and complex I‐III activity were specifically reduced 24 h upon zymosan injection. Also, loss of complex I activity compromised ATP‐linked and maximal respiratory rates mediated by mitochondrial proline oxidation. Finally, the magnitude of innate immune response activation negatively correlated with respiratory rates, regardless of the metabolic states. Collectively, we demonstrate that activation of innate immunity is strongly associated with reduced flight muscle complex I activity with direct consequences to mitochondrial proline oxidation and flight activity. Remarkably, our results indicate a trade‐off between dispersal and immunity exists in an insect vector, underscoring the potential consequences of disrupted flight muscle mitochondrial energy metabolism to arbovirus transmission.
Synovial osteoclastogenesis mediated by chondrocyte‐secreted TNFα promotes TMJ condylar resorption
Authors: Xiao Yan , Ran Liu , Xuemin Zeng , ChenZhi Li , Qiang Zhang , Xiao Yuan , Dapeng Ren 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundInsufficient occlusal support (IOS) frequently causes subchondral bone absorption in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, and the underlying mechanism requires further investigation.MethodsAn IOS model was established by abrading rat molars. Micro‐computed tomography was used to evaluate subchondral bone changes. Osteoclastogenesis of synovium‐derived macrophages (SDMs) was confirmed by TRAP staining. Cartilage‐specific TNFα depletion was achieved by intra‐articular injection of adeno‐associated virus carrying shRNA against murine TNFα under control of collagen type II. In vitro, chondrocytes were mechanically compressed and conditioned medium (CM) was collected to detect its ability to induce osteoclastogenesis of SDMs.ResultsSynovial osteoclastogenesis and condyle resorption were observed following IOS. TNFα level was elevated in hypertrophic chondrocytes after IOS. Synovial Wnt5a level increased, but Wnt3a level decreased after IOS. Depletion of TNFα in chondrocytes alleviated the synovial osteoclastogenesis and condyle bone resorption. In vitro compression of chondrocytes potentiated TNFα expression and secretion. The CM promoted osteoclastogenesis of SDMs, which were partially prohibited by TNFα neutralizing antibody. Furthermore, inhibition of Wnt3a facilitated osteoclastogenesis, whereas inhibition of Wnt5a partially suppressed osteoclastogenesis, of SDMs cultured in CM.ConclusionChondrocyte‐secreted TNFα induced by IOS is a critical regulator of synovial osteoclastogenesis and subsequent condylar resorption, partially through non‐canonical Wnt5a pathway.
Hyperspectral image classification based on superpixel merging and broad learning system
Authors: Xie Fuding , Wang Rui , Jin Cui , Wang Geng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMost spectral–spatial classification methods for hyperspectral images (HSIs) can achieve satisfactory classification results. However, the common problem faced with these approaches is the need for a long training time and sufficient training samples. To address this issue, this study proposes an effective spectral–spatial HSI classification method based on superpixel merging, superpixel smoothing and broad learning system (SMS‐BLS). The newly introduced parameter‐free superpixel merging technique based on local modularity not only enhances the role of local spatial information in classification, but also maintains class boundary information as much as possible. In addition, the spectral and spatial information of HSIs is further fused during the superpixel smoothing process. As a result, with limited training samples, using merged and smoothed superpixels instead of pixels as input to the broad learning system significantly improves its classification performance. Moreover, the merged superpixels weaken the dependence of the classification results on the superpixel segmentation scale. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated on three HSI benchmarks, namely Indian Pines, Pavia University and Salinas. Experimental and comparative results show the superiority of the method to other state‐of‐the‐art approaches in terms of overall accuracy and running time.
Restructuring reforms for green growth
Authors: Cevik Serhan , Jalles João Tovar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolicymakers across the world are striving to tackle the century‐defining challenge of climate change without undermining potential growth. This paper examines the impact of structural reforms in the energy sector (electricity and gas) on environmental outcomes and green growth indicators in a panel of 25 advanced economies during the period 1970–2020. We obtain striking results. First, while structural reforms so far failed in reducing greenhouse gas emissions per capita, there is some evidence for greater effectiveness in lowering emissions per unit of GDP. Second, although energy reforms are not associated with higher supply of renewable energy as a share of total energy supply, they appear to stimulate a sustained increase in environmental inventions and patents per capita over the medium term. We also find strong evidence of nonlinear effects, with market‐friendly energy reforms leading to better environmental outcomes and green growth in countries with stronger environmental regulations. Looking forward, therefore, structural reforms should be designed not just for market efficiency but also for green growth.
Plant density and variety effect on yield, leaf spot disease, weed species richness and diversity of groundnut production in northern Ghana
Authors: Abdul Rahman Nurudeen , Larbi Asamoah , Tanzubil Paul , Kizito Fred , Hoeschle‐Zeledon Irmgard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLow plant density and weed infestation are major challenges for groundnut production in northern Ghana. A two‐year on‐farm study was conducted to determine the effect of plant density and variety on grain and fodder yields, incidence of leaf spot disease, weed species diversity and biomass. A factorial treatment combination of 6 varieties and 4 plant densities laid in strip plot design with 4 replications was used. The varieties were (early maturity type: Chinese, Yenyewoso, Samnut 23 and late maturity type: Azivivi, Manipinta, Samnut 22). The plants density included 9, 11, 15 and 22 plants/m2. The late maturity varieties recorded higher (p < .05) canopy cover, grain and fodder yields relative to that of the early maturity varieties. The late maturity varieties also recorded the least sedge weed species frequency, density and incidence of leaf spot disease compared with that of the early maturity varieties. The canopy cover, grain and fodder yields increased with increasing plant density. Broadleaf weed species frequency and density, weed biomass, richness, and diversity declined with increasing plant density. Grain yield showed negative and significant correlation with broadleaf weed species frequency, density and weed biomass. The results suggest that both early and late maturity groundnut varieties can be planted at a density of 22 plants/m2 to increase grain and fodder yields and reduce weed species richness, diversity and growth in northern Ghana and similar agro‐ecology in West Africa.
The Liouville theorem for a class of Fourier multipliers and its connection to coupling
Authors: Berger David , Schilling René L. , Shargorodsky Eugene 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe classical Liouville property says that all bounded harmonic functions in , that is, all bounded functions satisfying , are constant. In this paper, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions on the symbol of a Fourier multiplier operator , such that the solutions to are Lebesgue a.e. constant (if is bounded) or coincide Lebesgue a.e. with a polynomial (if is polynomially bounded). The class of Fourier multipliers includes the (in general non‐local) generators of Lévy processes. For generators of Lévy processes, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a strong Liouville theorem where is positive and grows at most exponentially fast. As an application of our results above, we prove a coupling result for space‐time Lévy processes.
Occupational therapy assessments and interventions for patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Rider John V. , LaVerdure Abigail E. , De Armond Megan 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The proposed scoping review aims to explore the literature on the occupational therapy (OT) scope of practice for patients with ankylosing spondylitis, including assessment methods and intervention approaches used by OT practitioners, areas of impairment addressed, and practice settings where OT practitioners provide services.

Introduction:
Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of spondyloarthritis primarily involving inflammation of the spine. Studies have begun to examine the role of OT in addressing pain, function, and disability among patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Given the increased recognition of OT services for this population, a comprehensive understanding of the assessment methods and intervention approaches used by OT practitioners when working with ankylosing spondylitis would benefit clinicians, providers, and patients and support future research efforts.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will consider studies that include participants of any age diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis and any form of OT assessment and intervention. All relevant published and unpublished studies will be considered, without date or language limitations, including all primary studies, gray literature, textual evidence papers, and clinical guidelines.

Methods:
The review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Searches will be conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Scopus, PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, SportDiscus (EBSCOhost), OTDBase, OTSeeker, and Google Scholar. Two reviewers will independently extract data from selected papers using a standardized tool modified for the review. The results will be presented using frequency tables and will be accompanied by a narrative summary.

Review registration:
Open Science Framework https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VPY56
Effect of high‐fat diet on isometric, concentric and eccentric contractile performance of skeletal muscle isolated from female CD‐1 mice
Authors: Tallis Jason , James Rob S. , Eyre Emma L. J. , Shelley Sharn P. , Hill Cameron , Renshaw Derek , Hurst Josh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite evidence inferring muscle and contractile mode‐specific effects of high‐fat diet (HFD), no study has yet considered the impact of HFD directly on eccentric muscle function. The present work uniquely examined the effect of 20‐week HFD on the isometric, concentric and eccentric muscle function of isolated mouse soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. CD‐1 female mice were randomly split into a control (n = 16) or HFD (n = 17) group and for 20 weeks consumed standard lab chow or HFD. Following this period, SOL and EDL muscles were isolated and assessments of maximal isometric force and concentric work loop (WL) power were performed. Each muscle was then subjected to either multiple concentric or eccentric WL activations. Post‐fatigue recovery, as an indicator of incurred damage, was measured via assessment of concentric WL power. In the EDL, absolute concentric power and concentric power normalised to muscle mass were reduced in the HFD group (P < 0.038). HFD resulted in faster concentric fatigue and reduced eccentric activity‐induced muscle damage (P < 0.05). For the SOL, maximal isometric force was increased, and maximal eccentric power normalised to muscle mass and concentric fatigue were reduced in the HFD group (P < 0.05). HFD effects on eccentric muscle function are muscle‐specific and have little relationship with changes in isometric or concentric function. HFD has the potential to negatively affect the intrinsic concentric and eccentric power‐producing capacity of skeletal muscle, but a lack of a within‐muscle uniform response indicates disparate mechanisms of action which require further investigation.
Anomalous diffusion of synaptic vesicles and its influences on spontaneous and evoked neurotransmission
Authors: Lamanna Jacopo , Gloria Giulia , Villa Antonello , Malgaroli Antonio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeurons in the central nervous system communicate with each other by activating billions of tiny synaptic boutons distributed along their fine axons. These presynaptic varicosities are very crowded environments, comprising hundreds of synaptic vesicles. Only a fraction of these vesicles can be recruited in a single release episode, either spontaneous or evoked by action potentials. Since the seminal work by Fatt and Katz, spontaneous release has been modelled as a memoryless process. Nevertheless, at central synapses, experimental evidence indicates more complex features, including non‐exponential distributions of release intervals and power‐law behaviour in their rate. To describe these features, we developed a probabilistic model of spontaneous release based on Brownian motion of synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic environment. To account for different diffusion regimes, we based our simulations on fractional Brownian motion. We show that this model can predict both deviation from the Poisson hypothesis and power‐law features in experimental quantal release series, thus suggesting that the vesicular motion by diffusion could per se explain the emergence of these properties. We demonstrate the efficacy of our modelling approach using electrophysiological recordings at single synaptic boutons and ultrastructural data. When this approach was used to simulate evoked responses, we found that the replenishment of the readily releasable pool driven by Brownian motion of vesicles can reproduce the characteristic binomial release distributions seen experimentally. We believe that our modelling approach supports the idea that vesicle diffusion and readily releasable pool dynamics are crucial factors for the physiological functioning of neuronal communication.
imageKey points
We developed a new probabilistic model of spontaneous and evoked vesicle fusion based on simple biophysical assumptions, including the motion of vesicles before they dock to the release site.
We provide closed‐form equations for the interval distribution of spontaneous releases in the special case of Brownian diffusion of vesicles, showing that a power‐law heavy tail is generated.
Fractional Brownian motion (fBm) was exploited to simulate anomalous vesicle diffusion, including directed and non‐directed motion, by varying the Hurst exponent.
We show that our model predicts non‐linear features observed in experimental spontaneous quantal release series as well as ultrastructural data of synaptic vesicles spatial distribution.
Evoked exocytosis based on a diffusion‐replenished readily releasable pool might explain the emergence of power‐law behaviour in neuronal activity.