bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“It is easier to learn when you are out”: an ethnographic study of teaching science subjects through outdoor learning at compulsory school
Authors: Haraldsson Katarina , Göranson Magnus , Lindgren Eva-Carin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious research has shown that feeling engaged in schoolwork is crucial for pupils to achieve, but engagement and motivation decline with age in many countries. To address these issues, we consider it is important that how we conceive learning include opportunities for learning outside the classroom. This study aimed to explore pupils’ experiences of being taught science subjects using outdoor learning, including the learning they achieved. The research was conducted using an ethnographic research design, a useful method for research in this type of environment where a greater understanding of teaching and learning processes is sought, enabling researchers to explore events more deeply. The study took place during one school year and was conducted for pupils in grade 6 in a school on Sweden’s west coast. This study provides unique insights into how these teacher efforts to offer outdoor learning opportunities have improved pupils’ willingness to participate. Likewise, how the pupils have developed knowledge of and used scientific concepts and skills in different contexts became visible when the pupils were allowed to try, explore, be creative, and observe in real life contexts in various places. In addition, the pupils have been given opportunities to ask, discuss and reflect on questions about various phenomena and processes in nature and humans. From the pupils’ point of view, this has contributed to their easier understanding of the content of the science subjects. These results significantly improve science literacy for science subjects in a school context (Holbrook & Rannikmae, 2009).
From Fear and Distrust to Trust and Collaboration: Exploring Transitions in the Quality of Relationships in the Encounters Between Immigrant Parents and Child Welfare Services
Authors: Terrefe Tesfahun Alemayehu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article examines the characteristics of transitions in the quality of relationships from fear and distrust to trust and collaboration in the encounters between immigrant parents and child welfare services and explores what these changes demonstrate about trust and collaboration within such contexts. The study draws on empirical data from interviews with ten immigrant parents who have experience with the Norwegian Child Welfare Services due to allegations of child abuse and/or neglect. The findings show that the transition from fear and distrust to trust and collaborative relations does not evolve in clearly defined phases but rather unfolds as a complex cyclical process. This process appears to involve fear, distrust, and uncooperative behavior as a point of departure but can, in some cases, develop into trusting and collaborative relations with disruption and restoration during the process. The characteristics of the transitions seem to demonstrate that parents can engage in trusting and collaborative relations amid institutional distrust, fear, and vulnerability, if they experience the encounter as meaningful. The turning points in this regard include the following: (1) parents’ experience of positive interactions and relational trust with child welfare professionals and (2) defining moments in the subsequent intervention process, including parents’ awareness that the intervention will not lead to child removal and/or the positive impacts of therapeutic intervention measures like parental training courses, counseling, and financial support.
The Impact of Serialisation on Operational Efficiency and Productivity in Irish Pharmaceutical Sites
Authors: O’ Mahony Daniel , Lynch Alan , McDermott Olivia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTechnology enabling drug serialisation technology was introduced by regulators to enhance security in pharmaceutical supply chain and protect drugs from infiltration by falsified and substandard medicines. The introduction of systems for serialisation required huge financial outlays manufacturers of pharmaceuticals. This study investigated the impact of serialisation on the operational efficiency and productivity in Irish pharmaceutical sites. A qualitative study was conducted with 11 manufacturing sites in Ireland. The participating companies operated a total of 114 pack-lines, representing approximately 65% of the automated packing lines in the country. The study found that serialisation had a negative effect on packaging production line OEE and line availability and on the individuals cost per unit of packaged pharmaceuticals. The research results estimated that the capital costs of serialisation were four times greater than those estimated by the regulators. There was a 4.1 cents average cost per pack for serialisation with high volume sites reporting an annual cost of serialisation of up to €4.5 m per annum and a 2.7% increase in the average cost of goods sold. A pattern whereby where many pharmaceutical manufacturers are transitioning from smaller batch production and moving toward larger batch production sizes in order to increases efficiencies was identified. The research also proposed the use of a serialisation depreciation factor as a method to determine the impact of serialisation on the cost of goods sold. This is the first study of its kind into the cost of serialisation from a manufacturer’s viewpoint and studying the effects of serialisation on productivity, line availability and operational efficiency.
Unveiling and mitigating bias in ride-hailing pricing for equitable policy making
Authors: Saxena Nripsuta Ani , Zhang Wenbin , Shahabi Cyrus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRide-hailing services have skyrocketed in popularity due to their convenience. However, recent research has shown that their pricing strategies can have a disparate impact on some riders, such as those living in disadvantaged neighborhoods with a greater share of residents of color or residents below the poverty line. Analyzing real-world data, we additionally show that these communities tend to be more dependent on ride-hailing services (e.g., for work commutes) due to a lack of adequate public transportation infrastructure. To this end, we present the first thorough study on fair pricing for ride-hailing services by first devising applicable fairness measures to quantify this bias and then proposing novel fair pricing mechanisms to alleviate this bias. We present two pricing mechanisms to provide flexibility and account for different platform needs. By taking affordability into account and potentially providing discounts that may be government-subsidized, our approaches result in an increased number and more affordable rides for the disadvantaged community. Experiments on real-world Chicago ride-hailing data demonstrate worse scores for the proposed fairness metrics for rides corresponding to disadvantaged neighborhoods than those of a control group (random mix of neighborhoods). Subsequently, the results show that our fair pricing mechanisms eliminate this inequality gap. Our mechanisms provide a basis for the government and the ride-hailing platforms to implement fair ride-hailing policies.
Formation of Oxygen Vacancies in Cr3+-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanofibers and Their Role in Generating Paramagnetism
Authors: Carrera Karime , Huerta Verónica , Orozco Victor , Matutes José , Urbieta Ana , Fernández Paloma , Martínez Fabián , Graeve Olivia A. , Herrera Manuel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate that doping hydroxyapatite (HAp) with Cr3+ ions induces oxygen vacancies, contributing to paramagnetism. Cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence analyses reveal increased oxygen vacancy formation in

$${\text{O}}{\text{H}}^{-}$$

OH
-

and

$${\text{P}}{\text{O}}_{4}^{3-}$$

PO

4

3
-

groups with rising Cr3+ concentrations, highlighted by stronger cathodoluminescence emissions at 2.57 and 2.95 eV and the photoluminescence emission at 3.32 eV. Raman spectroscopy shows new modes at 900 and 970 cm−1, indicating distortion of the v
1 vibrational mode due to Cr3+ substitution at Ca(II) sites of the HAp lattice. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms Cr3+ in the HAp:Cr. Magnetometry reveals a shift from diamagnetism in pure HAp to increasing paramagnetism in HAp:Cr with higher Cr3+ content, achieving 0.0460 emu/g at 10 kOe with concentrations higher than 2.9 at.%. This paramagnetism is attributed to Cr3+ ions and singly ionized oxygen vacancies

$$V^{\prime}_{{\text{O}}}$$

V
O
′

aligning along an external magnetic field, with

$$V^{\prime}_{{\text{O}}}$$

V
O
′

formation linked to

$${\text{PO}}_{4}^{{3}-}$$

PO

4

3
-

replacement by

$${\text{PO}}_{3}^{{2}-}$$

PO

3

2
-

in HAp.
Deep Transfer Learning-Based Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Retinal Fundus Images in Remote Areas
Authors: Jabbar Ayesha , Naseem Shahid , Li Jianqiang , Mahmood Tariq , Jabbar Muhammad Kashif , Rehman Amjad , Saba Tanzila 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) significantly burdens ophthalmic healthcare due to its wide prevalence and high diagnostic costs. Especially in remote areas with limited medical access, undetected DR cases are on the rise. Our study introduces an advanced deep transfer learning-based system for real-time DR detection using fundus cameras to address this. This research aims to develop an efficient and timely assistance system for DR patients, empowering them to manage their health better. The proposed system leverages fundus imaging to collect retinal images, which are then transmitted to the processing unit for effective disease severity detection and classification. Comprehensive reports guide subsequent medical actions based on the identified stage. The proposed system achieves real-time DR detection by utilizing deep transfer learning algorithms, specifically VGGNet. The system’s performance is rigorously evaluated, comparing its classification accuracy to previous research outcomes. The experimental results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed system, achieving an impressive 97.6% classification accuracy during the detection phase, surpassing the performance of existing approaches. Implementing the automated system in remote areas has transformed healthcare dynamics, enabling early, cost-effective DR diagnosis for millions. The system also streamlines patient prioritization, facilitating timely interventions for early-stage DR cases.
Unveiling the role of family and community nurses: insights from an Italian Focus Group Study
Authors: Scrimaglia Susan , Montalti Marco , Senni Marco , Mazzini Silvia , Ceccarelli Paola , Sintoni Francesco , Benati Giuseppe , Reali Chiara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis qualitative study examines the potential role of Family and Community Nurses (FCNs) in an Italian Local Health Authority (LHA) context, aiming to identify unmet healthcare needs and facilitate the integration of FCNs into the healthcare system. Focus Group (FG) sessions involving healthcare professionals from three centers in the Emiliano–Romagnolo Apennines region revealed shared concerns about unaddressed healthcare needs, caregiver support inadequacies, service accessibility barriers, and the importance of enhanced interprofessional collaboration. Participants highlighted vulnerable populations, such as the frail and chronically ill, as those requiring more comprehensive care. The study identified key areas where FCNs could be instrumental, including monitoring complex medication regimens for elderly individuals, supporting caregivers, empowering vulnerable individuals, providing education, facilitating service access, and fostering collaboration among healthcare professionals. It emphasized the significance of multidisciplinary teamwork while maintaining clear role distinctions for FCNs. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness and economic implications of FCN integration. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and organizations to promote FCN utilization, aligning with the World Health Organization's emphasis on primary healthcare and catering to the needs of individuals, families, and communities.
Baffled Labelling: Making Sense of the Intertwined Relationship between Fundraising Fraud and Illegally Taking in Deposits from the General Public in Chinese Criminal Law
Authors: Mou Yu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFundraising fraud is one of the most serious and complicated financial crimes in China. It has an intertwined relationship with a regulatory offence, known as illegally taking in deposits from the general public (ITIDFGP). In judicial practice, ITIDFGP works as the downgraded form of fundraising fraud. This article explores why fundraising fraud is identified as financial fraud whereas ITIDFGP is a regulatory offence. The paper discerns the essence of fraud in Chinese criminal law and critically examines the concept of “intention to possess illegally.” It argues that ITIDFGP should be classified as a form of fraud de jure, although, in reality, there are policy considerations behind its categorization as a regulatory offence. The paper also suggests that the role played by the socioeconomic policy in Chinese criminal-law legislation should be fully acknowledged.
The EU Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence (CSDDD): The Final Political Compromise
Authors: Bueno Nicolas , Bernaz Nadia , Holly Gabrielle , Martin-Ortega Olga 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAfter the endorsement of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) by the Human Rights Council on 16 June 2011, 15 March 2024 marked another milestone for transnational corporate governance. That day, a qualified majority of the member states of the European Union (EU) voted in favour of the Directive on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence (CSDDD) setting human rights and environmental obligations for large companies in their global value chains.1 The CSDDD is the first region-wide due diligence legislation, yet it is also a political compromise among EU member states, which civil society and business have been watching closely. This piece explains the main elements of the CSDDD and outlines some of its implications beyond the EU.