bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empty nose syndrome
Authors: Jang Yong Ju , Kim Ji Heui , Song Hyung Yong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To describe the radiologic characteristics of empty nose syndrome (ENS) and to assess outcomes of endonasal microplasty using cartilage implants in patients with ENS.Study Design:A retrospective clinical chart review.Methods:We assessed 17 patients diagnosed with ENS who had undergone prior nasal turbinate surgery. The presence of sinus opacity and the nasal mucosal thickening on the lesion side was evaluated with computed tomography in 11 patients and compared with control. To assess the effect of sinusitis on the nasal mucosal thickening, the thickness of lesion‐side mucosae in unilateral sinusitis patients were compared with their contralateral mucosae. Twelve patients were managed by submucosal implantation of cartilage at the inferolateral nasal wall, just below the turbinate remnant, to create a neoturbinate. Symptom scores expressed as visual analogue scale (VAS) were compared before and after surgery.Results:Opacity of the ipsilateral maxillary sinus was observed in seven of 11 patients. All lesion sides of ENS showed mucosal thickening of the nasal cavity, with an average thickness significantly greater than that in controls, whereas mucosal thickening was not found in the lesion‐side mucosae of unilateral sinusitis patients. Patients reported significantly improved VAS score in excessive airflow, nasal obstruction, and nasal or facial pain. Complications of surgery included undercorrection in three patients.Conclusions:Radiologic abnormalities associated with ENS include ipsilateral sinus opacity and nasal mucosal thickening. Endonasal microplasty by submucosal implantation of cartilage may be a useful treatment option in the management of ENS.
Nonresponders to pharyngeal surgery for obstructive sleep apnea: Insights from drug‐induced sleep endoscopy
Authors: Kezirian Eric J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To examine drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) findings in nonresponders to previous pharyngeal obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) surgery.Study Design:Cross‐sectional.Methods:DISE using propofol for unconscious sedation was performed in nonresponders to previous OSA surgery (including palate surgery with or without tonsillectomy and possible other procedures). Nonresponders were defined as subjects with a postoperative apnea‐hypopnea index more than 10 events/hr. Recorded findings from DISE included the presence and degree of obstruction in the palatal and hypopharyngeal regions, the contributions of specific structures (velum, oropharyngeal lateral walls, tongue, and/or epiglottis) to upper airway obstruction, and the degree of mouth opening.Results:Thirty‐three nonresponders underwent DISE examinations. Age was 46.2 ± 11.8 years, and 9% (3 of 33) were female. On diagnostic sleep studies prior to DISE, the apnea–hypopnea index was 43.4 ± 26.6 events/hr. During DISE, a majority of subjects demonstrated residual palatal obstruction, and almost all demonstrated hypopharyngeal obstruction. A diversity of individual structures contributed to upper airway obstruction, often in combination. Moderate to severe mouth opening occurred in one‐third of subjects and was associated with narrowing of upper airway dimensions.Conclusions:Residual upper airway obstruction in surgery nonresponders likely occurs due to multiple mechanisms, and DISE may enhance the understanding of them.
Evidence of extraesophageal reflux in idiopathic subglottic stenosis
Authors: Blumin Joel H. , Johnston Nikki 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a disease predominantly of females that, by definition, has no known etiology. Collagen–vascular disease, localized trauma, extraesophageal reflux (EER), and hormonal alterations have all been postulated as potential etiologies of iSGS. It is hypothesized that iSGS is a reflux mediated disease and that evidence of EER exists in affected patients.Study Design:Case–control study.Methods:Patients with iSGS were identified prospectively over a 2.5‐year period (2007–2010). During their endoscopic management, biopsies of the subglottic scar and postcricoid area were evaluated for the presence of pepsin, an indicator of exposure to gastric refluxate. Control patients had similar biopsies while undergoing operative management for disease unrelated to reflux. Charts of both patients and controls were reviewed for clinical history of reflux, pH‐metry, and laboratory testing for collagen–vascular disease.Results:Twenty‐two patients with iSGS were treated. All patients were female. No patient had serology positive for collagen–vascular disease. Thirteen (59%) patients with iSGS had pepsin present in their larynx or trachea. Control patients did not have detectable pepsin in their tissue (P = .041). Dual probe 24‐hour pH studies were performed in 10 (45%) patients. These studies were positive for EER in seven patients but this did not statistically correlate to the presence of pepsin in their tissue (P = 1.0).Conclusions:iSGS is a disease almost exclusively of women. EER is implicated in the development of iSGS. Pepsin is detectable in the subglottic scar and larynges of patients with iSGS. Standard pH‐metry may be inadequate in predicting degree of EER in patients with iSGS.
Prospective multi‐arm evaluation of surgical treatments for vocal fold scar and pathologic sulcus vocalis
Authors: Welham Nathan V. , Choi Seong Hee , Dailey Seth H. , Ford Charles N. , Jiang Jack J. , Bless Diane M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of type I thyroplasty, injection laryngoplasty, and graft implantation for the treatment of vocal fold scar and pathologic sulcus vocalis.Study Design:Prospective, multi‐arm, quasi‐experimental research design.Methods:Twenty‐eight patients with newly diagnosed vocal fold scar and/or pathologic sulcus vocalis were assigned to one of three treatment modalities: type I thyroplasty (n = 9), injection laryngoplasty (n = 9), and graft implantation (n = 10). Psychosocial, auditory‐perceptual, acoustic, aerodynamic, and videostroboscopic data were collected pretreatment and at 1, 6, 12, and 18 months posttreatment.Results:Type I thyroplasty and graft implantation both resulted in reduced voice handicap with no concomitant improvement in auditory‐perceptual, acoustic, aerodynamic, or vocal fold physiologic performance. Injection laryngoplasty resulted in no improvement on any vocal function index. Patients who underwent graft implantation exhibited the slowest improvement trajectory across the 18‐month follow‐up period.Conclusions:A persistent challenge in this area is that no single treatment modality is successful for the majority of patients, and there is no evidence‐based decision algorithm for matching a given treatment to a given patient. Progress therefore requires the identification and categorization of predictive clinical features that can drive evidence‐based treatment assignment.
Parathyroid localization with modified 4D‐computed tomography and ultrasonography for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Kutler David I. , Moquete Rachel , Kazam Elias , Kuhel William I. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives:In this article, we report our decade‐long experience in using modified 4D‐computed tomography in combination with ultrasonography (Mod 4D‐CT/US) to localize abnormal parathyroid glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.Study Design:Retrospective medical record review at a university‐based academic medical center.Methods:Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent a Mod 4D‐CT/US and parathyroidectomy between January 1998 and May 2009 were included in the study. Results from preoperative localization studies were compared with operative findings, pathologic data, and biochemical measurements to assess the sensitivity and specificity as well as the positive and negative predictive values of Mod 4D‐CT/US.Results:Mod 4D‐CT/US demonstrated 94% sensitivity and 96% specificity when these imaging studies were used to lateralize the hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands to one side of the neck. In regard to localizing abnormal parathyroid glands to a specific quadrant of the neck (i.e., right‐left; superior‐inferior), the sensitivity and specificity of Mod 4D‐CT/US was 82% and 93%, respectively. Mod 4D‐CT/US had a 92% positive predictive value for single‐gland disease and 75% for multigland disease. The negative predictive value for single and multigland disease (MGD) were 73% and 92%, respectively.Conclusions:Mod 4D‐CT/US provides excellent sensitivity and specificity in terms of localizing abnormal parathyroid glands to the correct side and quadrant in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, and it correctly identifies many patients with MGD.
Terminology and classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx
Authors: Lewis James S. , Ferlito Alfio , Gnepp Douglas R. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Devaney Kenneth O. , Silver Carl E. , Travis William D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives:To review the history and literature on neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx and discuss the terminology and classification of these tumors.Study Design:Contemporary review.Methods:Published journal articles identified through PubMed and conference proceedings were reviewed.Results:Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx include both epithelial (carcinomas) and neural‐type lesions (paragangliomas). The nomenclature of these tumors has changed quite a bit over time, but recently, clearer categories have emerged that are biologically meaningful. They can overlap clinically and histologically so that segregation into the clinically relevant subtypes can be difficult, but it is extremely important to do so as they have a wide range of behaviors going from benign to rapidly fatal.Conclusions:Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the larynx can be clearly categorized into the five tumor types: typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and paraganglioma. These have concrete biologic and clinical significance and clearly dictate patient treatment.
Prostaglandin (PG)E2 exhibits antifibrotic activity in vocal fold fibroblasts
Authors: Zhou Hang , Felsen Diane , Sandulache Vlad C. , Amin Milan R. , Kraus Dennis H. , Branski Ryan C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis.Prostaglandin (PG)E2 has been implicated in a variety of disease processes. It has been described as antifibrotic in the lower airway, yet scar‐inducing in the skin. We seek to describe the effects of PGE2 on vocal fold fibroblasts and its interactions with transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1. In addition, we describe a novel organotypic model, a critical step in the development of therapeutic trials.Study Design.In vitro, ex vivo.Methods:Collagen secretion by human vocal fold fibroblasts (HVFF) was assayed in response to TGF‐β1, PGE2, and specific EP receptor agonists. Basal HVFF migratory rate was also quantified in response to PGE2. TGF‐β1 induced COX‐2 mRNA expression/PGE2 secretion was assayed. Excised vocal folds were subjected to exogenous IL‐1β; PGE2 secretion into the supernatant was then assayed.Results:TGF‐β1‐induced collagen secretion was blunted in a dose‐dependent manner in response to PGE2. This effect appears to be mediated primarily through the EP1 and EP2 receptors. TGF‐β1 induced COX‐2 mRNA expression and PGE2 secretion. In our organ culture model, IL‐1β stimulated PGE2 secretion in a dose‐dependent manner.Conclusions:PGE2 is antifibrotic; this finding suggests that the upper airway response to this inflammatory mediator differs significantly from the lower airway. These data have important clinical implications for a variety of pathological processes. Furthermore, exogenous TGF‐β1 elicits induction of COX‐2, suggesting inherent complexity regarding these processes and PGE2 signaling, specifically. In addition, our organ culture model may prove useful as a means to quantify biological phenomena in the vocal folds.
Three‐dimensional computed tomography in obstructive sleep apneics treated by maxillomandibular advancement
Authors: Lin Cheng‐Hui , Liao Yu‐Fang , Chen Ning‐Hung , Lo Lun‐Jou , Chen Yu‐Ray 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The goal of this study was to understand the changes to the head and neck musculoskeleton and the pharyngeal airway after surgery. We tested the correlation between the changes in the skeleton and pharyngeal airway and the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI).Study Design:Prospective, noncontrolled study.Methods:In a pilot study, 12 consecutive subjects (3 women, body mass index: 22.4 Kg/m2 ± 2.7, AHI: 35.9/sec ± 18.0) with Class II dentoskeletal malocclusion and high mandibular plane underwent segmental maxillomandibular rotational advancement (SMMRA). Subjects underwent overnight polysomnography and three‐dimensional computed tomography scanning of the head and neck before and 3 months after surgery. Linear, angular, and area measurements were obtained from skeletal images placed in the Frankfort horizontal position and from horizontal cross‐sectional tomograms derived from the upright pharyngeal airway. Skeletal movements, dimensional changes of the airway, and correlations between measurements and AHI were calculated. A linear regression model was generated using significant bivariate correlations.Results:The AHI was significantly reduced to 4.6/sec ± 4.1 with improvement in the nadir oxygen saturation from 83.0% ± 7.2 to 90.6% ± 3.6 after SMMRA. Following skeletal advancement, the hyoid bone was advanced and elevated by 7.5 mm ± 2.9 and 6.7 mm ± 5.5, respectively; the cervical spine was rotated forward by 4.6° ± 2.8; and the airway length was shortened by 6.8 mm ± 4.0 (all P < .01). Variable improvement of airway dimensions was noted at each horizontal level. A quadratic regression model was derived using the measurements of the Sella‐Nasion‐B point angle and AHI (Rsq = 0.557, sig = 0.000).Conclusions:Dimensions of pharyngeal airway were correlated with dimensions of craniofacial skeleton. Sella‐Nasion‐B point angle could be used as a guidance in achieving normalized AHI after surgery.
COMPARING FARMERS' PERCEPTION OF SOIL FERTILITY CHANGE WITH SOIL PROPERTIES AND CROP PERFORMANCE IN BESEKU, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Karltun E. , Lemenih M. , Tolera M. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTFarmers' perceptions of soil fertility change were compared with observations on soil quality changes and crop performance in soils from a chronosequence representing a range of soil ages since conversion from forest to cropland (0 to 57 years). A majority of the farmers, 92 per cent, had observed a decline in soil fertility on their land. Farmers use crop yield, indicator plants, soil softness and soil colour to judge soil fertility. They identified 11 plants that they used to indicate high soil fertility and four plants that they used to indicate low soil fertility. There was a strong correlation (r = 0·96) between soil organic matter content (loss on ignition) and farmers' ranking of soil fertility based on colour and softness of soil samples from the chronosequence. The biotest experiment with maize showed an exponential decline in biomass production along the chronosequence, confirming the results of farmers' soil fertility ranking. In the biotest, total soil N predicted produced biomass well (r2 = 0·95), whereas the relationship with soil available P (Olsen) was less obvious. Among the eight analysed plant nutrients in the maize leaves, N content was found to correlate best with biomass production (r2 = 0·94). We conclude (i) that there is good agreement between farmers' knowledge and scientific indicators of soil fertility and (ii) that the major reason for declining soil fertility in Beseku is the decrease in N mineralization over time. Interventions should focus on supporting farmers to implement a diversified nutrient management strategy that can maintain or increase long‐term productivity of the soil. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Based on Telechelic PEG End‐Capped with Hydrophobic Dipeptides
Authors: Hamley Ian W. , Cheng Ge , Castelletto Valeria 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe self‐assembly in aqueous solution of PEG (1 500 Da) telechelically end‐capped with hydrophobic dipeptides has been investigated using spectroscopic, microscopic, scattering, and rheological methods. A self‐assembled β‐sheet fibril‐based hydrogel has been identified (containing dityrosine end groups), which exhibits a gel–sol transition near body temperature. This thermo‐responsive PEG‐based biofunctional hydrogel is expected to have diverse potential uses in delivery or diagnostics for biomedical applications. magnified image
FHIT gene and flanking region on chromosome 3p are subjected to extensive allelic loss in Egyptian breast cancer patients
Authors: Ismail Heba M. S. , Medhat Amina M. , Karim Amr M. , Zakhary Nadia I. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe fragile histidine triad gene (FHIT) is a candidate tumor suppressor gene at chromosome 3p14.2. Deletions in FHIT gene were reported in different types of cancer including breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) incidence that target FHIT genomic structure and chromosome 3p in cancerous and pre‐neoplastic lesions of Egyptian breast patients. Genomic DNA was isolated from tumor tissues and their normal counterparts of 55 Egyptian patients diagnosed with breast cancer and 11 patients diagnosed with preneoplastic breast lesions. LOH was detected in 51% of breast cancer cases in at least one microsatellite marker of the four investigated markers. While, none of the markers showed LOH among the pre‐neoplastic breast lesions. We also observed a significant association between LOH and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) histopathological type while no association observed between LOH and patients' age, tumor grade, or lymph node involvement. We also investigated FHIT gene expression profiles in breast cancer using Oncomine database. We found that FHIT is significantly reduced in all investigated studies. We conclude that, FHIT is underexpressed in breast cancer tissues compared to their normal counterparts due to the extensive allelic loss that is observed in its gene structure. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and Comparison of hERG Blocker Classifiers: Assessment on Different Datasets Yields Markedly Different Results
Authors: Marchese Robinson Richard L. , Glen Robert C. , Mitchell John B. O. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn recent years, considerable effort has been invested in the development of classification models for prospective hERG inhibitors, due to the implications of hERG blockade for cardiotoxicity and the low throughput of functional hERG assays. We present novel approaches for binary classification which seek to separate strong inhibitors (IC50<1 µM) from ‘non‐blockers′ exhibiting moderate (1–10 µM) or weak (IC50≥10 µM) inhibition, as required by the pharmaceutical industry. Our approaches are based on (discretized) 2D descriptors, selected using Winnow, with additional models generated using Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs). We compare our models to those previously developed by Thai and Ecker and by Dubus et al. The purpose of this paper is twofold: 1. To propose that our approaches (with Matthews Correlation Coefficients from 0.40 to 0.87 on truly external test sets, when extrapolation beyond the applicability domain was not evident and sufficient quantities of data were available for training) are competitive with those currently proposed in the literature. 2. To highlight key issues associated with building and assessing truly predictive models, in particular the considerable variation in model performance when training and testing on different datasets.
Precision studies in supramolecular chemistry: a 1H NMR study of hydroxymethoxyacetophenone/β‐cyclodextrin complexes
Authors: Fielding Lee , McKellar Scott C. , Florence Alastair J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe association constants for the interactions of 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyacetophenone, 2‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxyacetophenone, 2‐hydroxy‐6‐methoxyacetophenone, 3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyacetophenone and 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyacetophenone with β‐cyclodextrin in water were measured by 1H NMR and by isothermal titration calorimetry. Very good agreement was obtained between the different methods. The errors associated with the NMR method for measuring mM binding affinities were estimated to be 10–30%, and by isothermal titration calorimetry, 10–20%. Rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy studies show that the solution phase host‐guest complexes formed by β‐cyclodextrin with these hydroxymethoxyacetophenone derivatives are not structurally well defined but that the hydroxymethoxyacetophenone derivatives are mostly associated with the narrow primary hydroxyl rim. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2D‐NMR studies of a model for Krytox® fluoropolymers
Authors: Li Xiaohong , McCord Elizabeth F. , Baiagern Silapong , Fox Peter , Howell Jon L. , Sahoo Sangrama K. , Rinaldi Peter L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMultiple two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D‐NMR) techniques have been used to study the structures of Krytox® perfluoro(polyalkyl ether) and its mechanism of polymerization. Model compound K4, containing four Krytox® fluoropolymer repeat units, was analyzed to interpret the multiplet patterns in the NMR spectra from the polymer model. 19F {13C}‐Heteronuclear single‐quantum correlation experiments, performed with delays optimized for 1JCF and 2JCF, provided spectra that permitted identification of resonances from individual monomer units. Selective, 19F‐19F COSY 2D‐NMR experiments were performed with different excitation regions; these experiments were combined with selective inversion pulses to remove 19F‐19F J couplings in the f1 dimension. The resulting COSY spectra were greatly simplified compared with standard 19F‐19F COSY spectra, which are too complicated to interpret. They give information regarding the attachments of monomer units and also provide insights into the nature of the stereoisomers that might be present in the polymer. Both infrared and NMR spectra show peaks identifying chain end structures. With the help of these studies, resonances can be assigned, and the average number of repeat units in the polymer chain can be calculated based on the assignments obtained. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of wave attenuation across parallel fractures using propagator matrix method
Authors: Zhao X. B. , Zhu J. B. , Zhao J. , Cai J. G. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYStress wave attenuation across fractured rock masses is a great concern of underground structure safety. This paper presents an analytical study on wave attenuation across parallel fractures at arbitrary incidence angles, where multiple reflections occurring between fractures are taken into account. Combined with displacement discontinuous model, plane wave analysis and propagator matrix method are applied to develop relations between the first layer and the nth layer with respect to potential amplitudes or displacements and stresses in matrix form. With initial and boundary conditions for different scenarios, potential amplitudes in any layer or displacements and stresses at any point can be obtained by solving corresponding matrixes. After parametric studies, it is found that parameters including incidence angle, normalized fracture stiffness, number of fractures, and fracture spacing have obvious effects on wave attenuation across parallel fractures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.