bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing soil indicators to explain historical vegetation changes of a peatland subjected to flood inundation
Authors: Blyth James M. , Campbell David I. , Schipper Louis A. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTFlooding and land use changes can be a significant source of nutrients to wetlands and contribute to ecosystem changes at a community level. We studied changes in vegetation composition and peat properties in a New Zealand wetland incorporated into a flood control scheme. Lack of hydrological records pre‐development of the flood control scheme allowed the opportunity to use nutrient and physical indicators developed for restiad vegetation groups, to identify if increased flooding was the primary cause for ecological succession. Vegetation changes along a 2.3‐km transect were related to hydrological processes, peat characteristics and atmospheric ammonia inputs. Measurements for peat and vegetation composition were taken from 27 sites, whereas hydrological analysis incorporated seven automated water level sites and a historical investigation of 46 years of river flood records. Ammonia deposition was higher on the farmland/wetland fringe (4.0 kg N ha−1 year−1) but decreased to background levels (2–2.5 kg N ha−1 year−1) 500 m into the wetland. Classification and ordination of vegetation data with environmental variables identified six main groups along a gradient from low nutrients and stable water tables (farthest from the river) to high nutrients and a dynamic water table near the river. Invasion over 50 years of the native scrub tree Leptospermum scoparium into restiad bog was linked to enhanced nutrient inputs and physical degradation from flooding, portrayed through levels higher than restiad indicator target ranges. This study shows that target ranges for vegetation indicators can be used as a tool to identify ecological succession and invasion. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Situ X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy/Energy‐Dispersive X‐ray Diffraction Studies on the Hydrothermal Formation of Bi2W1–xMoxO6 Nanomaterials
Authors: Zhou Ying , Antonova Elena , Lin Yuanhua , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk , Bensch Wolfgang , Patzke Greta R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBi2WO6 has attracted considerable interest as a visible‐light‐driven photocatalyst with a layered Aurivillius structure. The catalytic performance of bismuth tungstate is notably enhanced through the partial substitution of tungsten with molybdenum. Whereas hydrothermally obtained Bi2W1–xMoxO6 solid solutions maintain the Bi2WO6 structure, their morphologies vary with the molybdenum content. Lower Mo contents (x < 0.5) favor the formation of hierarchically nanostructured microspheres that consist of sheet‐like building blocks. Their disintegration is observed for greater extents of W/Mo substitution, hand in hand with a decrease in the surface area. Raman spectra furthermore indicate changes in the local structure of the octahedral W/Mo moieties upon variation of the Mo content. As little is known about the growth kinetics and hydrothermal formation processes of nanostructured Bi2W1–xMoxO6 catalysts, in situ XAS investigations were performed to determine the onset of their hydrothermal formation from Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, K2WO4 andNa2MoO4. In situ energy‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction (EDXRD) experiments revealed a correlation between particle shape, Mo content and formation pathway of the Bi2W1–xMoxO6 nanomaterials. The results are compared to related in situ studies on hierarchically structured W/Mo oxides.
The bed morphology of upland single‐thread channels in semi‐arid environments: evidence of repeating bedforms and their wider implications for gravel‐bed rivers
Authors: Powell D Mark , Laronne Jonathan B , Reid Ian , Barzilai Ronel 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTSingle‐thread, gravel‐bed streams of moderate slope in the northern Negev are characterized by three channel units: bars exhibit steeper than average slopes and poorly sorted mixtures of small–medium cobbles and coarse–very coarse pebbles; flats are associated with more gentle slopes and well‐sorted medium–fine pebbles and granules; and transitional units have intermediate slopes and grain size. In general, all three units are planar, span the full channel width and have well‐defined boundaries. Bars and flats are more common than the transitional units and alternate downstream for distances of several hundred metres, forming sequences that are reminiscent of the riffle–pool structure commonly observed in humid‐temperate gravel‐bed rivers. A notable contrast is the absence of significant bed relief: bars lack crests and flats lack depressions. The relative lack of bed relief in bar–flat sequences is attributed to the high rate of sediment supply from the sparsely vegetated hillslopes which promotes the infilling of depressions and to the erosion of crests under conditions of intense transport. This reduction of bed relief lowers channel roughness, which in turn increases flow velocity and, therefore, the ability of the channel to transmit the large sediment loads it receives. Although our analyses pertain to a semi‐arid river system, the results have wider implications for understanding the adjustment of channel bedform to high sediment loads in other fluvial environments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bed evolution measurement with flowing water in morphodynamics experiments
Authors: Visconti Francesco , Stefanon Luana , Camporeale Carlo , Susin Francesca , Ridolfi Luca , Lanzoni Stefano 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTA new approach for the profiling of movable sediment beds in laboratory experiments is presented. It couples a triangulation laser sensor and an ultrasonic level transmitter, and allows a non‐intrusive, fast and accurate measurement of bed topography without stopping the experimental runs. The distortion of the laser beam due to the refraction at the water surface is corrected by contemporaneously measuring the elevation of the water surface through the ultrasonic level transmitter and taking advantage of geometrical relations involving the water depth, distance of the sensors from the water surface, and the angles that the emitted laser beam forms with the vertical before and after refraction. Several tests, under either still‐ or flowing‐water conditions, as well as increasing/decreasing water surface elevation, were carried out to evaluate the accuracy of the measurements. These tests indicate that good‐quality measurements are obtained for flow depths in the range 0 < D < 60 mm, typical of morphodynamic laboratory experiments. Finally, two relevant applications to movable bed experiments carried out under either lagoonal or fluvial conditions are presented that show the effectiveness of the proposed profiling technique. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tissue imprint for molecular mapping of deep surgical margins in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Roh Jong–Lyel , Westra William H. , Califano Joseph A. , Sidransky David , Koch Wayne M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundTissue imprinting can generate molecular marker maps of tumor cells at deep surgical margins. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of this method for detection of residual head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsPaired fresh tissue and nitrocellulose membrane imprints of tumor and deep margins were collected from 17 HNSCC resections. DNA was amplified using quantitative methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (qMSP) for p16, DCC, KIF1A, and EDNRB. Levels of methylation in tumors and deep margins were compared.ResultsDNA from imprints was adequate for qMSP. Hypermethylation of target genes was present in 12 of 17 tumors and in 8 deep margins. Methylation level was better from margin imprints than tissue. During follow‐up (median, 13 months), local or regional recurrences occurred in 6 cases of which 5 had molecularly positive margins.ConclusionTissue imprinting is feasible for molecular detection of residual tumor at deep surgical margins and may correlate with locoregional recurrence. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Safety assessment of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis rice T1c‐19 in Sprague–Dawley rats from metabonomics and bacterial profile perspectives
Authors: Cao Sishuo , He Xiaoyun , Xu Wentao , Luo YunBo , Yuan Yanfang , Liu Pengfei , Cao Bo , Shi Hui , Huang Kunlun 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBacillus thuringiensis rice is facing commercialization as the main food source in the near future. The unintended effects of genetically modified (GM) organisms are the most important barriers to their promotion. We aimed to establish a new in vivo evaluation model for genetically modified foods by using metabonomics and bacterial profile approaches. T1c‐19 rice flour or its transgenic parent MH63 was used at 70% wt/wt to produce diets that were fed to rats for ∼ 90 days. Urine metabolite changes were detected using 1H NMR. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) were used to detect the bacterial profiles between the two groups. The metabonomics was analyzed for metabolite changes in rat urine, when compared with the non‐GM rice group, where rats were fed a GM rice diet. Several metabolites correlated with rat age and sex but not with GM rice diet. Significant biological differences were not identified between the GM rice diet and the non‐GM rice diet. The bacteria related to rat urine metabolites were also discussed. The results from metabonomics and bacterial profile analyses were comparable with the results attained using the traditional method. Because metabonomics and bacterial profiling offer noninvasive, dynamic approaches for monitoring food safety, they provide a novel process for assessing the safety of GM foods. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2012.
Effects of activating transcription factor 4 deficiency on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in mammals
Authors: Wang Chunxia , Guo Feifan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIt has been shown that the mammalian activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is involved in many different physiological events, such as eye development, stress response, learning, and memory. However, several recent studies have demonstrated that ATF4 also plays an important role in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis, insulin secretion, and sensitivity, suggesting that ATF4 is a master regulator of metabolism. This review summarizes the most recent progress in the understanding of the novel roles of ATF4 in the regulation of metabolism. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2012.
Effects of vegetation type on mercury concentrations and pools in two adjacent coniferous and deciduous forests
Authors: Obrist Daniel , Johnson Dale W. , Edmonds Robert L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractVegetation type and ecosystem structure affect major aspects of the mercury (Hg) cycle in terrestrial ecosystems which serve as important storage pools for a long‐term legacy of natural and anthropogenic Hg release to the environment. The goal of this study was to evaluate the integrated effects of 80 y of different vegetative type on Hg accumulation and partitioning in terrestrial ecosystems by comparing Hg concentrations and pools of two adjacent forests: a coniferous Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and a deciduous red alder (Alnus rubra) stand. These stands grew for > 80 y in close proximity (200 m) with identical site histories, soil parent materials, and atmospheric exposure. Results showed that the Douglas fir stand was characterized by significantly higher Hg concentrations and Hg : C ratios in aboveground biomass compared to the deciduous red alder forest. For foliage, higher Hg concentrations (plus 43 μg kg–1) were expected due to foliage age, but Hg concentrations also were higher in woody tissues (by 2 to 18 μg kg–1) indicating increased uptake of atmospheric Hg by coniferous tissues. These differences were reflected—and further increased—in litter horizons where Hg‐concentration differences increased in highly decomposed litter to > 200 μg kg–1. In soils, no difference in concentrations of Hg was observed, but Hg : C ratios were consistently higher in the coniferous Douglas fir. Estimation of pool sizes of C and Hg in soils and at the whole ecosystem level showed that considerably smaller C pools in the coniferous stand as a result of faster C turnover and lower productivity did not lead to corresponding declines in Hg‐pool sizes. The partitioning of Hg among ecosystem components—including distribution between aboveground and belowground components and distribution through the soil profile—was largely unaffected by forest type. Methyl‐Hg concentrations observed in litter layers were also significantly higher in litter of Douglas fir, along with a higher proportion of methylated Hg of total Hg. In soils, methyl‐Hg concentrations were similar in both stands. Comparison of these adjacent forest stands highlights that vegetation type affects concentrations of total Hg in otherwise equivalent sites and that differences also exist in respect to methylated Hg.
Alleviation of drought stress in winter wheat by late foliar application of zinc, boron, and manganese
Authors: Karim Md. Rezaul , Zhang Yue‐Qiang , Zhao Rong‐Rong , Chen Xin‐Ping , Zhang Fu‐Suo , Zou Chun‐Qin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn many regions, drought during flowering and grain‐filling inhibits micronutrient acquisition by roots resulting in yield losses and low micronutrient concentrations in cereal grains. A field and a greenhouse experiment were conducted to study the effect of foliar applications of zinc (Zn), boron (B), and manganese (Mn) at late growth stages of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown with or without drought stress from booting to maturity. Foliar applications of Zn, B, and Mn did not affect grain yield in the absence of drought. However, under drought, foliar application of Zn and B in the field increased grain yield (15% and 19%, respectively) as well as raising grain Zn and B concentration, while Zn and Mn sprays in the greenhouse increased grain yield (13% and 10%, respectively), and also increased grain Zn and Mn concentrations. Furthermore, under drought stress both in the field and greenhouse experiment the rate of photosynthesis, pollen viability, number of fertile spikes, number of grains per spike, and particularly water‐use efficiency (WUE) were increased by late foliar application of micronutrients. These results indicate that by increasing WUE foliar application of Zn, B, and Mn at booting to anthesis can reduce the harmful effects of drought stress that often occur during the late stages of winter wheat production. These findings therefore are of high relevance for farmers' practice, the extension service, and fertilizer industry.
Updates on the multimodality management of desmoplastic small round cell tumor
Authors: Kallianpur Ashwin A. , Shukla Nootan K. , Deo Suryanarayan V.S. , Yadav Praveen , Mudaly Dillip , Yadav Rajni , Palaniappan Ramanathan M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDesmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and an aggressive malignancy with poor outcome. This tumor can co‐express epithelial, neural, and mesenchymal markers. The molecular hallmark of DSRCT is the EWS–WT1 fusion protein. Despite the diversities in treatment modality, the best results have been seen with radical surgery and adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:617–621. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Properties of Reversible Diels–Alder Furan/Maleimide Polymer Networks as Function of Crosslink Density
Authors: Toncelli Claudio , De Reus Dennis C. , Picchioni Francesco , Broekhuis Antonius A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThermally reversible thermosets are synthesized based on furan functionalized polyketones crosslinked with (methylene‐di‐p‐phenylene)bis‐maleimide. The number of furan groups present along the backbone and the crosslinker/furan molar ratio are varied. According to DSC measurements the de‐crosslinking temperature does not change significantly as function of furan intake and its molar ratio with the crosslinker. All samples show an almost complete recovery of storage and loss modulus. The crosslinked samples are recycled up to seven times without significant quality loss. This suggests that a change in conformation does not result in different visco‐elastic behavior. The most crosslinked sample is able to fully repair itself within 1 hour. A number of low crosslink density materials additionally show a shape memory effect.
Synthesis and Fluorescent Properties of Carbazole‐Substituted Hydroxyethylcelluloses
Authors: Zhang Lingzhi , Zhou Jinping , Zhang Lina 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCarbazole‐substituted hydroxyethylcelluloses (Cz‐HECs) are homogeneously synthesized by reacting hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) with N‐3′‐bromopropyl carbazole (Br‐Cz). The structure of Cz‐HECs is characterized with elemental analysis and NMR, and the DS of the carbazole is in the range 0.11–0.43, determined from nitrogen content. The fluorescent properties of Cz‐HECs are measured using a spectrofluorimeter. The results show that the fluorescence lifetime increases as the DS increases, and the fluorescent intensity of Cz‐HECs is stronger than that of Br‐Cz. All samples exhibit concentration self‐quenching properties. The addition of acrylonitrile, as an electron acceptor, quenches the emission spectra of Cz‐HECs, and the fluorescence quenching is found to be a dynamic quenching by analyzing with the Stern–Volmer equation.
Plasmagestützte Immobilisierung von Enzymen
Authors: Vorhaben Torge , Häckel Marko , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Menyes Ulf 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPhysikalische Plasmen modifizieren Oberflächen gezielt und umweltfreundlich. Mit funktionellen Gruppen entstehen so in wenigen Schritten Oberflächen mit maßgeschneiderten Eigenschaften, beispielsweise um Enzyme darauf zu fixieren.
Azalogie‐Prinzip: hin und zurück
Authors: Offermanns Heribert 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEine C‐H‐Gruppe in einem Benzolring durch die isoelektronische =N‐Einheit zu ersetzen, hat der Pharmaforschung wichtige Medikamente geliefert. Aber man kann den Spieß auch umdrehen.
Cyberkriminalität: Eine Gefahr für die chemische Industrie?
Authors: Zirkenbach Sven 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSchadprogramme für chemische Anlagen zu schreiben, erfordert wahrscheinlich zu viel Aufwand, um sich finanziell zu lohnen. Dennoch sollten Steuersysteme für Industrieanlagen vor unbefugtem Zugriff aus dem Internet geschützt sein.
Mischungen und Polymere reachkonform eingeführt
Authors: Döller Regina 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUm die korrekte Registrierung von Importen aus Ländern außerhalb der europäischen Gemeinschaft sicherzustellen, müssen Importeure den Lieferanten den vertraulichen Umgang mit ihren Daten garantieren können. Wie das gelingt, zeigt das Beispiel Japan.
Mit atomaren Sensoren Moleküle erkennen
Authors: Kichin Georgy , Temirov Ruslan , Wagner Christian , Tautz F. Stefan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAtome oder kleine Moleküle zwischen Spitze und Oberfläche verbessern die Auflösung eines Rastertunnelmikroskops und machen so die chemisch‐geometrische Struktur einzelner Moleküle sichtbar. Damit lassen sich auch Wechselwirkungen zwischen Molekülen abbilden, etwa Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen.
Highly stacked InGaAs quantum dot laser diodes fabricated by ultrahigh‐rate molecular beam epitaxial growth technique
Authors: Tanoue Fumihiko , Sugawara Hiroharu , Akahane Kouichi , Yamamoto Naokatsu 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUp to 19 stacks of high‐density (∼5 × 1010 cm‐2) self‐assembled InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) on a GaAs (001) substrate were fabricated by ultrahigh‐rate (1.0 ML/s) solid‐source molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) deposition. Using these QDs, stripe laser diodes were designed and fabricated for use in 1.0‐μm waveband applications, and their operation at room‐temperature was investigated. Laser diodes having a larger number of QDs in the active region exhibited lower threshold current densities. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transport and magnetotransport effects in indium antimonide doped with manganese within quasimetal‐insulator transition
Authors: Obukhov S. A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractInSb crystals doped with manganese within the critical concentration of metal‐insulator transition (Ncr = 2×1017 cm‐3) demonstrate colossal negative magnetoresitance and Hall constant sign inversion at low temperatures in magnetic field – unusual for nonmagnetic materials. Studies of the magnetotransport and conductivity dependency on temperature and manganese concentration revealed that both holes and electrons influence the effects. An excitonic insulator phase conception is proposed as a new approach for the explanation of conductivity and magnetotransport anomalies in p‐InSb(Mn). (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The structures of nonprotein‐coding RNAs that drive internal ribosome entry site function
Authors: Plank Terra‐Dawn M. , Kieft Jeffrey S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractInternal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) are RNA sequences that can recruit the translation machinery independent of the 5′ end of the messenger RNA. IRESs are found in both viral and cellular RNAs and are important for regulating gene expression. There is great diversity in the mechanisms used by IRESs to recruit the ribosome and this is reflected in a variety of RNA sequences that function as IRESs. The ability of an RNA sequence to function as an IRES is conferred by structures operating at multiple levels from primary sequence through higher‐order three‐dimensional structures within dynamic ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). When these diverse structures are compared, some trends are apparent, but overall it is not possible to find universal rules to describe IRES structure and mechanism. Clearly, many different sequences and structures have evolved to perform the function of recruiting, positioning, and activating a ribosome without using the canonical cap‐dependent mechanism. However, as our understanding of the specific sequences, structures, and mechanisms behind IRES function improves, more common features may emerge to link these diverse RNAs. WIREs RNA 2012, 3:195–212. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1105This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
Translation > Translation Mechanisms
Translation > Translation Regulation