bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased accuracy in MR diagnosis of uveal melanoma by carbohydrate loading
Authors: Thuomas K.-Å. , Naeser P. , Wrigstad A. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To evaluate patients with clinically diagnosed uveal melanoma Material and Methods: Forty-eight consecutive patients were examined with spin-echo (SE) and fast spin-echo (FSE) MR sequences that utilized glucosefructose enhancement together with a subtraction technique on a 1.5 T unit Results: Twenty-seven patients were enucleated and the eyes histologically examined for tumours (spindle cell, mixed cell, and epitheloid cell). The remaining patients were referred for other treatment. There were no significant differences in T2 although T2 was longer in the amelanotic lesions. Carbohydrate loading in combination with a subtraction technique gave: an increased signal intensity; a prolongation of T2; and an increased tumour size. The FSE sequences were as good as the SE sequences in the visualization of uveal malignant melanoma Conclusion: MR imaging performed with carbohydrate loading registers metabolic changes induced in the tumour. This gives the method great validity in the diagnosis of uveal melanoma. The method is especially useful in amelanotic tumours that have longer relaxation times than melanotic tumours. The SE technique can be replaced with the FSE technique
Ultrasonography of invasive lobular breast carcinoma
Authors: Rissanen T. , Tikkakoski T. , Autio A.-L. , Apaja-Sarkkinen M. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To review the US findings in invasive lobular breast carcinoma which is often difficult to diagnose clinically and mammographically Material and Methods: The mammographic and US findings in 63 cases of pure invasive lobular carcinoma diagnosed at our institution in 1990-1996 were reviewed retrospectively. The US findings were classified as positive, negative or indeterminate for malignancy Results: Forty-nine of the 63 lobular carcinomas (78%, 95% CI 65.5-87.3%) were US-positive, and 51 (81%, CI 95% 69.1-89.8%) were mammography-positive. The US visibility of the carcinomas was affected by their palpability and mammographic appearance, and the radiographic density of the breasts. Indeterminate US findings (architectural distortion with acoustic shadowing) were visualized in 4 of the 10 cases that had asymmetric densities at mammography Conclusion: The sensitivity of US for lobular carcinoma was not statistically different from that of mammography. The methods were complementary, especially with regard to evaluating dense breasts and lesions which were difficult to assess clinically and mammographically
Ultrasonography as a guidance method in the evaluation of mammographically detected nonpalpable breast lesions of suspected malignancy
Authors: Rissanen T. , Pamilo M. , Suramo I. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the role of ultrasonography (US) as a method of guidance for fine-needle aspiration biopsy or preoperative wire localization in the demonstration of nonpalpable mammographically detected breast lesions Material and Methods: A total of 168 nonpalpable mammographically detected breast lesions were examined by means of high-resolution real-time US Results: US depicted: 55% of all the lesions (92/168); 88% of the circumscribed densities (45/51); 80% of the stellate densities (35/44); 47% of the asymmetric densities (7/15); and 9% of the microcalcifications (5/58) Conclusion: US was useful in guiding needle biopsy or wire localization in most of the circumscribed and stellate breast lesions, even in fatty breasts. However, with the equipment that is currently available, US was of no value in localizing microcalcifications
Diagnosis of acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis by three radiological modalities
Authors: Eggesbø H. B. , Jacobsen T. , Kolmannskog E. , Bay D. , Nygaard K. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To compare the findings at US, CT and contrast enema (CE) with the clinical, biochemical, and surgical findings in patients with suspected acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis (ALCD) Material and Methods: The study comprised 32 consecutive patients hospitalized with clinically diagnosed ALCD. During the first 3 days of hospitalization, they were examined by US and CT of the pelvis and abdomen, and CE Results: of the 32 patients, 21 had ALCD according to the combined radiological, clinical, biochemical and surgical findings. Findings compatible with ALCD were verified by radiological examination alone in 12 patients (4 patients at US, 10 at CT, and 6 at CE). In 9 patients, only diverticula or tethering was found at either CE or CT, and the diagnoses were then supported by clinical and biochemical findings and clinical follow-up. The most common clinical symptoms and signs associated with ALCD were left lower quadrant pain, left-sided tenderness, and fever. Most patients showed elevations of the white blood-cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein, but there was no statistical difference in the stages of severity of ALCD, or between ALCD and other abdominal disorders Conclusion: Radiological examination is valuable in confirming the diagnosis of ALCD. CT was the radiological modality that best demonstrated ALCD and revealed complications (e.g. pericolic abscesses) during the course of the illness
CT in spontaneous adrenal gland rupture
Authors: Usamentiaga E. , Ortiz A. , Bustamante M. , Pereda T. , Pagola M. A. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To report on an exceptional case of spontaneous, idiopathic, unilateral adrenal gland rupture that caused massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage Methods and Results: US and CT were performed in a patient who presented with acute abdominal pain. Urgent adrenalectomy was required to prevent the blood loss from continuing. The CT findings were correlated with the histological findings Conclusion: CT proved to be an accurate imaging modality by which to diagnose adrenal hemorrhage. The absence of irregular tissue enhancement showed that neoplasia was not the underlying cause of the hematoma
White matter abnormalities in tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Griffiths P. D. , Bolton P. , Verity C 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: the aim of this study was to investigate and describe the range of white matter abnormalities in children with tuberous sclerosis complex by means of MR imaging Material and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on the basis of MR imaging findings in 20 cases of tuberous sclerosis complex in children aged 17 years or younger Results: White matter abnormalities were present in 19/20 (95%) cases of tuberous sclerosis complex. These were most frequently (19/20 cases) found in relation to cortical tubers in the supratentorial compartment. White matter abnormalities related to tubers were found in the cerebellum in 3/20 (15%) cases. White matter abnormalities described as radial migration lines were found in relation to 5 tubers in 3 (15%) children. in 4/20 (20%) cases, white matter abnormalities were found that were not related to cortical tubers. These areas had the appearance of white matter cysts in 3 cases and infarction in the fourth. in the latter case there was a definable event in the clinical history, supporting the diagnosis of stroke Conclusion: A range of white matter abnormalities were found by MR imaging in tuberous sclerosis complex, the commonest being gliosis and hypomy-elination related to cortical tubers. Radial migration lines were seen infrequently in relation to cortical tubers and these are thought to represent heterotopic glia and neurons along the expected path of cortical migration
Mechanism of contrast enhancement in breast lesions at MR imaging
Authors: Boné B. , Wiberg M. Kristoffersen , Parrado C. , Falkmer U. , Aspelin P. , Gad A. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: the aim of the study was to explain why breast lesions are enhanced by contrast medium at MR imaging and to elucidate the histopathological basis for the overlap in the enhancement patterns of benign and malignant breast lesions Material and Methods: Ten invasive breast carcinomas and 10 benign breast lesions were selected for the study. of the 10 carcinomas, 5 showed a strong and early contrast enhancement, and 5 did not. of the 10 benign lesions, 5 showed a strong and early contrast enhancement, and 5 showed no enhancement. the following morphometric variables were evaluated: proliferation cell index of neoplastic parenchymal cells, S-phase fraction, nuclear ploidy analysed by image DNA-cytometry, microvessel density, and the percentage proportion of the interstitial area Results: Contrast enhancement was related to the proliferating activity of the hyperplastic or neoplastic parenchymal cells and was inversely correlated with the interstitial area in carcinomas as well as in benign tumours and non-neo-plastic lesions of the breast Conclusion: Morphometric variables play an important role in the general mechanism of MR contrast enhancement in examinations of the breast and explain the histopathological basis for the overlap in the enhancement patterns of benign and malignant breast lesions
Assessment of image quality and total performance in norwegian mammography laboratories
Authors: Olsen J. B. , Skretting A. , Widmark A. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to assess the image quality at different mammography laboratories Material and Methods: Two commercial mammographic test phantoms and one phantom based on excised mammary tissue were used in an assessment of the imaging chain and total performance at 45 Norwegian mammography laboratories. the breast-tissue phantom was used for a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. This was carried out by putting overlays with identifiable regions (some of which contained a cluster of simulated calcifications) on top of the mammary tissue, and then having a radiologist report the confidence of a finding for each region Results and Conclusion: the areas under the ROC curves were in general high. in nearly all the laboratories, performance was improved when a magnification technique was applied. There were wide variations among the laboratories in total performance as measured by the area under the ROC curve, and also in the physical parameters derived by means of the commercial phantoms. in general, a good ROC performance was associated with a good physical performance in the imaging chain
Dose reduction in thorax radiography in simulated neonates with additional filtration and digital luminescence radiography
Authors: Seifert H. , Jesberger H.-J. , Schneider G. , Rein L. , Blass G. , Limbach H.-G. , Niewald M. , Sitzmann F. C. , Kramann B. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to determine the minimum acceptable radiation dose for an adequate image quality in thorax a.p. radiographs of neonates using mobile X-ray equipment Material and Methods: the influence of additional filtration (1.0 mm Al+0.1 mm Cu) on image quality and radiation dose was determined for the speed class 400 screen-film system (SFS) and digital luminescence radiography (DLR) by making radiographs of a test phantom. Conventional and digital thorax a.p. radiographs of a rabbit were produced using various tube current-time products. the quality of the rabbit radiographs was judged by eight radiologists applying image quality criteria according to the German guidelines and the recommendations of the European Community Results: the added filter resulted in a dose reduction of 39% at 66 kV. DLR gave a further dose reduction of 25% in comparison to the speed class 400 SFS while maintaining adequate image quality, i. e. the radiographs were clinically acceptable with regard to quality criteria Conclusion: the radiation dose resulting from thorax a.p. radiographs of neonates can be reduced by approximately 50% with the use of additional filtration and DLR
Functional MR imaging of the cervical spine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Allmann K.-H. , Uhl M. , Uhrmeister P. , Neumann K. , von Kempis J. , Lange M. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to evaluate functional MR imaging in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involving the cervical spine Material and Methods: We used a device that allows MR examination to be made of the cervical spine in infinitely variable degrees of flexion and extension. Dynamic functional MR imaging was performed on 25 patients with RA Results: Functional MR imaging was able to show the degree of vertebral instability of the occipito-atlantal or atlanto-axial level as well as the subaxial level. by performing functional MR imaging, we were able to demonstrate the extent of synovial tissue around the dens, and the impingement and displacement of the spinal cord during flexion and extension. the basilar impression, the cord impingement into the foramen magnum, the cord compression, the slipping of vertebrae, and the angulation of the cord were all much more evident in functional than in static MR imaging Conclusion: Functional MR imaging provided additional information in patients with RA, and is valuable in patients who have a normal MR study in the neutral position and yet have signs of a neurological deficit. Functional MR imaging is important in the planning of stabilizing operations of the cervical spine
High-resolution MR imaging of the cutis and subcutis
Authors: Krug B. , Kugel H. , Schulze H.-J. , Krahe T. , Gieseke J. , Lackner K. 
Published: January 2010

Objective: to determine whether the spatial resolution that can be achieved with currently available MR devices is adequate for the evaluation of skin disease Material and Methods: We correlated high-resolution MR images of the skin with dermatohistopathology in 26 patients. the examinations were carried out on a 1.0 T imager using a commercially available surface coil (ID 7.5 cm) and optimized SE and GE sequences. Image quality was assessed by four readers on a questionnaire Results: the visualization of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle fascia allowed a pattern analysis that gave findings identical to those at dermatohistopathology. It was possible to distinguish septal from lobular panniculitis, and lipatrophia from sclerodermia. Images with contrast media infusion were useful in the differential diagnosis Conclusion: High-resolution MR imaging may narrow down the differential diagnosis of various skin diseases and may help to reduce the number of skin biopsies on certain indications
MR and CT cholangiography in evaluation of the biliary tract
Authors: Masui T. , Takehara Y. , Fujiwara T. , Ichijo K. , Imaoka I. , Naito M. , Yamamoto H. , Watahiki H. , Kaneko M. 
Published: January 2010

Objective: to compare MR and CT cholangiography (MRC and CTC) in evaluating the anatomy of the extrahepatic biliary tract and the pathology related to the gallbladder Material and Methods: Twenty-three patients underwent MRC and CTC with a biliary contrast medium for investigation of biliary disease. 3D displays of both were also obtained. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography was performed in 17 patients, and the pathology of all 23 was evaluated Results: Overall, the image quality was higher with CTC than with MRC (4.7 vs 3.9, p<0.05). the cystic duct was demonstrated better by CTC than MRC (p<0.05). Multiplanar reformation (MPR) and source images provided additional information to that obtained from 3D MRC and CTC images. Gallstones were revealed in 6 patients by CTC and in 5 of these 6 by MRC. in 2 patients with cholecystitis, CTC demonstrated gallbladder wall thickening but MRC did not. in 3 patients with adenomyomatosis, MRC demonstrated Roki-tansky-Aschoff sinuses (RAS) while CTC demonstrated focal gallbladder wall thickening in all 3 and RAS in 1 of them Conclusion: Both MRC and CTC provided anatomical and pathological information about the biliary system. with both techniques, however, either MPR or source images proved necessary in addition for evaluating the biliary system anatomy and pathology. the gallbladder wall was depicted clearly in source CTC, but MRC is recommended for the evaluation of adenomyomatosis because it depicts RAS clearly
The efficacy of fp 736-04 in experimental liver cirrhosis
Authors: Bergman A. , Magnusson A. , Moore K. , Sundin A. , Davies S. , Harry D. , Öhagen P. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: to determine whether the uptake of FP 736-04, a hepatocyte-specific CT contrast agent, is influenced by cirrhotic changes in the liver Material and Methods: Liver cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Seventy-four animals were divided into three groups comprising: rats with acute BDL; rats with chronic BDL; and normal controls. CT was performed after i.v. infusion of FP 736-04 or saline at a dose of 2 ml/kg b.w., and the mean attenuation in the liver and spleen was measured. the livers from the chronic BDL group were taken for histopathological examination and the extent of the disease was graded according to an arbitrary scale Results and Conclusion: There was a significant reduction of the native liver attenuation in both chronic and acute BDL groups as compared with the normal controls. FP 736-04 was taken up by the liver parenchyma with a similar degree of enhancement in all three groups
Thrombotic complications in coronary angioplasty — ionic versus non-ionic lowosmolar contrast media
Authors: Husted S. E. , Kanstrup H. 
Published: January 2010

It has been suggested that the potential for thrombo-embolic complications is greater with the use of non-ionic contrast agents than with ionic contrast agents. The increasing use of interventional therapy in patients with acute coronary disease makes the discussion of a possible relationship between thrombo-embolic complications and use of non-ionic contrast media pertinent. It has been shown that ionic contrast media have a marked effect on the coagulation system and platelet function. The non-ionic contrast media have a less pronounced effect on the coagulation system and platelet function although there is no evidence of a thrombogenic effect. The anticoagulant effect observed with ionic contrast media in connection with coronary angiography or angioplasty (PTCA) is short and disappears as soon as the medium is excreted. Therefore an effective antithrombotic treatment in relation to the procedure is necessary. Larger randomized clinical studies need to be performed with effective antithrombotic regimens in order to clarify any difference in thrombo-embolic complications from the different contrast media. Until then, the non-ionic contrast media should be preferred to the ionic contrast media in high-risk PTCA, owing to their overall lower toxicity and fewer adverse reactions.
Late allergy-like reactions following vascular administration of radiography contrast media
Authors: Pedersen S. H. , Svaland M. G. , Reiss A.-L. , Andrew E. 
Published: January 2010

Purpose: To compare the frequency of allergy-like reactions in adults following vascular injection of iohexol and iopentol versus other contrast media (CMs), with emphasis on late reactions. Material and Methods: Thirty-two trials involving a total of 2656 patients in the European clinical development programmes for iohexol and iopentol were retrospectively evaluated. The number of patients experiencing late allergy-like reactions, immediate allergy-like reactions, and both types of reaction were pooled separately. Late was defined as time of onset being 60 min or more after the first injection of CM. Results and Conclusion: After vascular administration of iohexol and iopentol, 0.52% (0.44% and 0.68% respectively) of the patients experienced a late allergy-like reaction. The same frequency was reported for immediate allergy-like reactions. After administration of ionic CMs, the frequency of late allergy-like reactions was in the same range (0.42%) as for non-ionic CMs, but the frequency of immediate allergy-like reactions was much higher (6.99% vs 0.52%). Our results are in the same range as those reported by other authors. No serious adverse reactions were reported in the 32-trial series.
Iohexol, platelet activation and thrombosis
Authors: Sakariassen K. S. , Barstad R. M. , Hamers M. J. A. G. , Stormorken H. 
Published: January 2010

Background: The nonionic monomer iohexol triggers in vitro platelet secretion of β-thromboglobulin (β-TG). This iohexol platelet activation may promote intravascular thrombosis. We studied this relationship by employing a human model of collagen-induced platelet thrombus formation at arterial flow. The ionic dimer ioxaglate, the nonionic dimer iodixanol, and glucose were included. Methods and Results: In vitro platelet activation as measured by β-TG secretion following a 1-min incubation of native blood with 50 vol% of iohexol was significant. Glucose solutions of 300, 580 and 825 mosmol, corresponding to the osmolalities of respectively iodixanol, ioxaglate and iohexol, increased the β-TG secretion in parallel with the osmolalities. Ioxaglate and iodixanol were virtually inert. Continuous infusion of iohexol or 580 or 825 mosmol glucose (40 vol%) into flowing native blood at an arterial wall shear rate of 2600 s−1 in an ex vivo collagen-induced platelet thrombus formation device triggered pronounced secretion of β-TG. However, the platelet thrombus formation in blood mixed with iohexol was within the same range as that observed with ioxaglate or iodixanol. Increasing glucose osmolality induced increasing β-TG secretion, which paralleled gradually decreasing platelet thrombus formation. Conclusion: Iohexol and 580 or 825 mosmol glucose trigger platelet secretion of β-TG. This secretion is not associated with enhanced collagen-induced platelet thrombus formation at high arterial shear.
Iohexol, platelet activation and thrombosis
Authors: Sakariassen K. S. , Buchmann M. , Hamers M. J. A. G. , Stormorken H. 
Published: January 2010

Background: There is a dispute about the potential effects of radiographic contrast media (CM) on thrombogenesis. The nonionic CM iohexol triggers platelet β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) secretion, and thus may activate the platelets and promote thrombosis. We addressed this topic in a study employing a human model of arterial thrombus formation in the presence of aspirin and heparin. This was a follow-up to our initial study (on thrombus formation in native blood) which did not include antithrombotic drugs. The nonionic CM iohexol (monomer) and iodixanol (dimer) and the ionic CM ioxaglate (dimer) were compared. Methods and Results: Thrombus formation was triggered by a surface rich in either collagen or tissue factor, positioned in a parallel-plate perfusion chamber device at an arterial wall shear rate of 2600 s−1. Blood from healthy volunteers, following ingestion of 1 g aspirin, was mixed with 40 vol% CM and 2.0 IU/ml heparin and passed over the surfaces. Thrombus formation in the presence of either CM showed no difference, despite the fact that iohexol triggered a pronounced platelet β-TG secretion; iodixanol or ioxaglate were virtually inert. Conclusion: There was no association between iohexol-induced β-TG secretion and thrombus formation on collagen (platelet-driven) or on tissue factor (thrombin-driven) in the presence of a standard antithrombotic regimen of aspirin and heparin as used in the clinic. The notion of a thrombotic risk due to platelet activation by iohexol was thus not substantiated by this study.