bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and risk stratification approaches for delirium screening: A Geriatric Emergency Department Guidelines 2.0 systematic review
Authors: Seidenfeld Justine , Lee Sangil , Ragsdale Luna , Nickel Christian H. , Liu Shan W. , Kennedy Maura 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveAs part of the Geriatric Emergency Department (ED) Guidelines 2.0 project, we conducted a systematic review to find risk factors or risk stratification approaches that can be used to identify subsets of older adults who may benefit from targeted ED delirium screening.MethodsAn electronic search strategy was developed with a medical librarian, conducted in April 2021 and November 2022. Full‐text studies of patients ≥65 years assessed for prevalent delirium in the ED were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the McMaster University Clarity Group tool. Outcomes measures pertained to the risk stratification method used. Due to heterogeneity of patient populations, risk stratification methods, and outcomes, a meta‐analysis was not conducted.ResultsOur search yielded 1878 unique citations, of which 13 were included. Six studies developed a novel delirium risk score with or without evaluation of specific risk factors, six studies evaluated specific risk factors only, and one study evaluated an existing nondelirium risk score for association with delirium. The most common risk factor was history of dementia, with odds ratios ranging from 3.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–8.9) to 18.33 (95% CI 8.08–43.64). Other risk factors that were consistently associated with increased risk of delirium included older age, use of certain medications (such as antipsychotics, antidepressants, and opioids, among others), and functional impairments. Of the studies that developed novel risk scores, the reported area under the curve ranged from 0.77 to 0.90. Only two studies reported potential impact of the risk stratification tool on screening burden.ConclusionsThere is significant heterogeneity, but results suggest that factors such as dementia, age over 75, and functional impairments should be used to identify older adults who are at highest risk for ED delirium. No studies evaluated implementation of a risk stratification method for delirium screening or evaluated patient‐oriented outcomes.
Locked In: Reindustrialisation and the Production of Multiple Marginalities in an Old Mining Town of Hungary
Authors: Nagy Erika , Bródy Luca Sára , Mihály Melinda 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to unfold how peripheral reindustrialisation in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) produced multiple marginalities in local spaces. Relying on a cultural political economic (CPE) approach, we analyse how the imaginary of reindustrialisation encompassed the discourses on development and the strategies and practices of powerful agents of economic restructuring in an old mining town of Hungary, which entailed new dimensions and depths of poverty. By discussing the changing labour, housing, and environmental conditions of the local poor, we relate structural changes to the changing conditions of social reproduction and local history, and highlight how the new economic trajectory produced marginalised spaces within a dynamic region. In this way, we also extend CPE‐guided research more to the realms of social reproduction and ethnic social relations to get a more fine‐grained understanding of inequalities rooted in peripheral industrialisation and scrutinise prevailing narratives of economic development in CEE.
Frequency of workplace incidents and injuries in veterinarians, veterinary nurses and veterinary students and measures to control these
Authors: Johnson L , Fritschi L 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundVeterinarians, veterinary nurses and veterinary students work and train in a variety of environments and are exposed to a wide range of hazards.Objectives(1) To compare the rate of health and safety incidents and injuries between veterinarians, veterinary nurses and veterinary students. (2) To investigate the health and safety hazard controls present in Australian veterinary workplaces.Study DesignA cross‐sectional study, using an online questionnaire.MethodsAnonymous links to the questionnaire were disseminated to Australian veterinarians, veterinary nurses and veterinary students.ResultsA total of 494 veterinarians, 484 veterinary nurses and 212 veterinary students completed the survey. Incidents and injuries were common, particularly sharps‐related injuries and animal bites. Australian veterinary nurses and veterinarians experienced the studied incidents at similar rates to each other. Veterinary students experienced some incidents and injuries at rates higher than both veterinarians and veterinary nurses, including heatstroke, hypothermia, sunburn, electric shock, loss of consciousness, being rammed or pushed over by an animal and farm equipment injuries. Of the workplace hazard controls reported, first aid boxes were most commonly present, and safety meetings occurred least commonly. Veterinary nurses received Q fever and rabies vaccines much less frequently than veterinarians and veterinary students.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that improvements need to be made to the occupational health and safety standards in the Australian veterinary sector. Veterinarians and veterinary nurses had suboptimal rates of access to many of the required and critical workplace health and safety controls. Improvements to the standard of health and safety training of veterinary students are indicated, given their higher rates of certain incidents and injury.
‘Under pressure’: The role of therapeutic drug monitoring in the treatment of hypertension
Authors: Versmissen Jorie , van Steenkiste Job , Koch Birgit C. P. , Peeters Laura E. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAntihypertensive drugs do not qualify as optimal candidates for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), given their obvious physiological effect, the absence of a clear relationship between drug concentrations and pharmacodynamic outcomes and their wide therapeutic range. However, since non‐adherence is a major challenge in hypertension management, using drug concentrations can be of value to identify non‐adherence as a first step towards better blood pressure control. In this article we discuss the key challenges associated with measuring and interpreting antihypertensive drug concentrations that are important when TDM is used to improve non‐adherence. Additionally, we elaborate on the role of TDM in optimizing antihypertensive drug treatment besides addressing non‐adherence by highlighting its value in specific patient groups with altered pharmacokinetic parameters such as female vs. male or elderly patients.
Staying in control: Characterizing the mechanisms underlying cognitive control in high and low arousal states
Authors: Alameda Clara , Avancini Chiara , Sanabria Daniel , Bekinschtein Tristan A. , Canales‐Johnson Andrés , Ciria Luis F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThroughout the day, humans show natural fluctuations in arousal that impact cognitive function. To study the behavioural dynamics of cognitive control during high and low arousal states, healthy participants performed an auditory conflict task during high‐intensity physical exercise (N = 39) or drowsiness (N = 33). In line with the pre‐registered hypotheses, conflict and conflict adaptation effects were preserved during both altered arousal states. Overall task performance was markedly poorer during low arousal, but not for high arousal. Modelling behavioural dynamics with drift diffusion analysis revealed evidence accumulation and non‐decision time decelerated, and decisional boundaries became wider during low arousal, whereas high arousal was unexpectedly associated with a decrease in the interference of task‐irrelevant information processing. These findings show how arousal differentially modulates cognitive control at both sides of normal alertness, and further validate drowsiness and physical exercise as key experimental models to disentangle the interaction between physiological fluctuations on cognitive dynamics.
Single‐cell landscape reveals the immune heterogeneity of bone marrow involvement in peripheral T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Liu Jun , Xia Baijing , Jiang Xinmiao , Cao Lixue , Xi Zhihui , Liang Liting , Zhang Shaojun , Zhang Hui , Li Wenyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe prognosis of patients with peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) depends on bone marrow involvement (BMI). The bone marrow (BM) tumor microenvironment in PTCL remains unclear. We performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) on 11 fresh BM samples from patients with BMI to reveal the associations of immune landscape and genetic variations with the prognosis of PTCL patients. Compared with PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS), angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) had a higher number of T cells, lower number of lymphocytes, and greater inflammation. Immune heterogeneity in AITL is associated with prognosis. In particular, specific T‐cell receptor (TCR) T cells are enriched in patients with good response to anti‐CD30 therapy. We observed RhoA mutation‐associated neoantigens. Chidamide‐treated patients had a higher number of CD4+ regulatory cells and a better treatment response compared with other patients. In the nonresponder group, T‐cell enrichment progressed to secondary B‐cell enrichment and subsequently diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Moreover, AITL patients with lymphoma‐associated hemophagocytic syndrome had more T follicular helper (Tfh) cells with copy number variations in CHR5. To our knowledge, this study is the first to reveal the single‐cell landscape of BM microenvironment heterogeneity in PTCL patients with BMI. scRNA‐seq can be used to investigate the immune heterogeneity and genetic variations in AITL associated with prognosis.
USP15, activated by TFAP4 transcriptionally, stabilizes SHC1 via deubiquitination and deteriorates renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Shi Yaxing , Zhang Jing , Li Jiaxing , He Jieqian , Wu Si , Yu Miao , Yang Da , Ju Lincheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUbiquitin‐specific peptidase 15 (USP15), a critical deubiquitinating enzyme, has been demonstrated to improve substrate stabilization by hydrolyzing the bond between the substrate and ubiquitin, and is implicated in multiple carcinogenic processes. Prompted by the information cited from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Cancer Proteogenomic Data Analysis Site (cProSite), USP15 is selectively overexpressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) samples. We aimed to investigate the function of USP15 on ccRCC malignant features, which was emphasized in its deubiquitination of SHC adaptor protein 1 (SHC1). The overexpression of USP15 promoted the capacity of proliferation, migration, and invasion in ccRCC CAKI1 and 769‐P cells, and these malignant biological properties were diminished by USP15 deletion in 786‐O cells. USP15 accelerated tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. In addition, deubiquitinase USP15 was further identified as a new protector for SHC1 from degradation by the ubiquitination pathway, the post‐translational modification. In sequence, transcription factor activating enhancer binding protein 4 (TFAP4) was shown to be partly responsible for USP15 expression at the level of transcription, as manifested by the chromatin immunoprecipitation and pull‐down assay. Based on the in vitro and in vivo data, we postulate that USP15 regulated by TFAP4 transcriptionally deteriorates ccRCC malignant biological properties via stabilizing SHC1 by deubiquitination.
Accuracy of artificial intelligence‐based segmentation of the mandibular canal in CBCT
Authors: Ntovas Panagiotis , Marchand Laurent , Finkelman Matthew , Revilla‐León Marta , Att Wael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI)‐based segmentation of the mandibular canal, compared to the conventional manual tracing, implementing implant planning software.Materials and methodsLocalization of the mandibular canals was performed for 104 randomly selected patients. A localization was performed by three experienced clinicians in order to serve as control. Five tracings were performed: One from a clinician with a moderate experience with a manual tracing (I1), followed by the implementation of an automatic refinement (I2), one manual from a dental student (S1), and one from the experienced clinician, followed by an automatic refinement (E). Subsequently, two fully automatic AI‐driven segmentations were performed (A1,A2). The accuracy between each method was measured using root mean square error calculation.ResultsThe discrepancy among the models of the mandibular canals, between the experienced clinicians and each investigated method ranged from 0.21 to 7.65 mm with a mean of 3.5 mm RMS error. The analysis of each separate mandibular canal's section revealed that mean RMS error was higher in the posterior and anterior loop compared to the middle section. Regarding time efficiency, tracing by experienced users required more time compared to AI‐driven segmentation.ConclusionsThe experience of the clinician had a significant influence on the accuracy of mandibular canal's localization. An AI‐driven segmentation of the mandibular canal constitutes a time‐efficient and reliable procedure for pre‐operative implant planning. Nevertheless, AI‐based segmentation results should always be verified, as a subsequent manual refinement of the initial segmentation may be required to avoid clinical significant errors.
SCN8A self‐limited infantile epilepsy: Does epilepsy resolve?
Authors: Young Emma , Harris Rebekah , Lieffering Nico , de Valles‐Ibáñez Guillem , Nyaga Denis , Bennett Mark F. , Hildebrand Michael S. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Sadleir Lynette G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSCN8A variants cause a spectrum of epilepsy phenotypes ranging from self‐limited infantile epilepsy (SeLIE) to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. SeLIE is an infantile onset focal epilepsy, occurring in developmentally normal infants, which often resolves by 3 years. Our aim was to ascertain when epilepsy resolves in SCN8A‐SeLIE. We identified unpublished individuals with SCN8A‐SeLIE and performed detailed phenotyping. Literature was searched for published SCN8A‐SeLIE cases. Nine unpublished individuals from four families were identified (age at study = 3.5–66 years). Six had their last seizure after 3 years (range = 4–21 years); although drug‐responsive and despite multiple weaning attempts (1–5), five of six remain on antiseizure medications (carbamazepine, n = 3; lamotrigine, n = 2). We identified 29 published individuals with SCN8A‐SeLIE who had data on seizure progression. Of the 22 individuals aged at least 10 years, reported here or in the literature, nine of 22 (41%) had seizure offset prior to 3 years, five of 22 (23%) had seizure offset between 3 and 10 years, and eight of 22 (36%) had seizures after 10 years. Our data highlight that more than half of individuals with SCN8A‐SeLIE continue to have seizures into late childhood. In contrast to SeLIE due to other etiologies, many individuals have a more persistent, albeit drug‐responsive, form of epilepsy.
Yearling laryngeal function in Thoroughbreds that underwent a laryngoplasty differs from controls
Authors: Hardwick Josephine L. , Ahern Benjamin J. , Crawford Kylie L. , Allen Kate J. , Franklin Samantha H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundYearling laryngeal function (YLF) is frequently assessed at the time of sale and the outcomes of these assessments can have significant economic implications. The YLF of horses that subsequently underwent a prosthetic laryngoplasty (PL) is unknown.ObjectivesWe hypothesised horses with YLF ≥grade II.2 would be at increased risk of requiring PL, compared with YLF <grade II.2.Study designCase–control.MethodsThere were 150 PL cases from 2019 to 2021 with an available yearling post‐sale videoendoscopic examination and 600 controls. Two observers unaware of the outcome graded YLF using the Havemeyer system. The risk of PL for each YLF grade was calculated using multivariable conditional logistic regression.ResultsThe proportions of each YLF grade in the control group and PL group, respectively, were grade I: 25.8% and 13.3%, grade II.1: 54.3% and 35.3%, grade II.2: 16.7% and 26%, grade III.1: 3% and 20.7%, grade III.2: 0.2% and 3.3%, grade III.3: 0% and 0.7%, grade IV: 0% and 0.7%. The odds ratio (OR, 95% confidence interval) of requiring PL compared with the referent grade I were: grade II.1: 1.2 (0.7, 2.2, p = 0.5), grade II.2: 3.4 (1.8, 6.1, p < 0.001), grade III.1: 13.8 (6.0, 31.6, p < 0.001), grade III.2: 55.5 (10.3, 299.2, p < 0.001), grade III.3: 2930,000 (398173.7, 21 600,000, p < 0.001), grade IV: 26300,000 (3 420 000, 202 000 000, p < 0.001). Yearling LF ≥grade II.2 had an OR of 4.61 (3.0, 7.1, p < 0.001) compared with <grade II.2; YLF ≥grade III.1 had an OR of 10.7 (5.6, 20.4, p < 0.001) compared with <grade III.1.Main limitationsLack of performance data to compare the PL and control groups. The control group was not ‘disease‐free’ and may have developed disease and been retired or undergone surgery elsewhere.ConclusionsThree‐quarters of the PL group had ≤grade II.2 YLF, demonstrating deterioration in LF post‐sale was common. The risk of requiring PL increased from YLF grade II.2 upwards.
Skeletal mineralogy of marine calcifying organisms shaped by seawater temperature and evolutionary history—A case study of cheilostome bryozoans
Authors: Piwoni‐Piórewicz Anna , Liow Lee Hsiang , Krzemińska Małgorzata , Chełchowski Maciej , Iglikowska Anna , Ronco Fabrizia , Mazurkiewicz Mikołaj , Smith Abigail M. , Gordon Dennis P. , Waeschenbach Andrea , Najorka Jens , Figuerola Blanca , Boonzaaier‐Davids Melissa K. , Achilleos Katerina , Mello Hannah , Florence Wayne K. , Vieira Leandro M. , Ostrovsky Andrew N. , Shunatova Natalia , Porter Joanne S. , Sokolover Noga , Cumming Robyn L. , Novosel Maja , O'Dea Aaron , Lombardi Chiara , Jain Sudhanshi S. , Huang Danwei , Kukliński Piotr 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimQuantify the contribution of environmental factors (water temperature, salinity and depth) and evolutionary history to varied skeletal mineralogy in calcifying marine organisms.LocationGlobal Ocean.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedOrder: Cheilostomatida; Phylum: Bryozoa.MethodsWe employed X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to analyse the skeletal mineral composition of 872 individual colonies, representing 437 bryozoan species, in terms of calcite/aragonite ratios. We integrated these data with equivalent published data, thus reaching 981 species, and applied linear models (LMs), generalized linear models (GLMs) and phylogenetic generalized least squares models (PGLSs) to investigate the influences of temperature, salinity, depth and phylogenetic history on the mineralogy of nearly 1000 cheilostome bryozoan species.ResultsCheilostome bryozoans vary considerably in their skeletal mineral composition: in our dataset 65% of the species possess purely calcite skeletons, 15% exclusively employ aragonite and 20% exhibit mixed (i.e. calcite and aragonite) mineralogies. Temperature is the predominant measured environmental factor influencing bryozoan skeletal mineralogy, accounting for 20% of its variability across species, when phylogenetic relatedness is unaccounted for. Bryozoans in lower latitudes, characterized by higher seawater temperatures, have higher aragonite concentrations. By accounting for phylogenetic structure using a subset of 87 species for which we have topological information, 40% of the observed mineralogical variability could be attributed to present‐day temperature. In contrast, depth and salinity played minor roles, explaining less than 1% of the mineralogical variation each.Main conclusionsThis study emphasizes the influence of evolutionary history on the mineralogical variability of calcifying organisms, even when it can be shown that a single environmental factor (temperature) explains a substantial amount of this variability. When confronted with changing temperature, calcifiers such as bryozoans are likely to respond in diverse ways, depending on the species, given their phylogenetic relatedness and the external conditions they meet.
Transcription of damage‐induced RNA in Arabidopsis was frequently initiated from DSB loci within the genic regions
Authors: Kawaguchi Kohei , Satoh Soichirou , Obokata Junichi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) are the most severe DNA lesions and need to be removed immediately to prevent loss of genomic information. Recently, it has been revealed that DSBs induce novel transcription from the cleavage sites in various species, resulting in RNAs being referred to as damage‐induced RNAs (diRNAs). While diRNA synthesis is an early event in the DNA damage response and plays an essential role in DSB repair activation, the location where diRNAs are newly generated in plants remains unclear, as does their transcriptional mechanism. Here, we performed the sequencing of polyadenylated (polyA) diRNAs that emerged around all DSB loci in Arabidopsis thaliana under the expression of the exogenous restriction enzyme Sbf I and observed 88 diRNAs transcribed via RNA polymerase II in 360 DSB loci. Most of the detected diRNAs originated within active genes and were transcribed from DSBs in a bidirectional manner. Furthermore, we found that diRNA elongation tends to terminate at the boundary of an endogenous gene located near DSB loci. Our results provide reliable evidence for understanding the importance of new transcription at DSBs and show that diRNA is a crucial factor for successful DSB repair.
Radial sclerosing lesions found on core needle biopsy: excision can be safely avoided
Authors: Grabenstetter Anne , Brennan Sandra B , Jochelson Maxine S , Brogi Edi , Morrow Monica , Tan Lee K , D'Alfonso Timothy M 
Published: June 2024

AimsRadial sclerosing lesions (RSLs) are benign breast lesions composed of glandular and epithelial proliferations with stellate architecture and fibro‐elastotic stroma, which can mimic invasive carcinoma on imaging. Surgical management following a core biopsy diagnosis of RSLs remains controversial.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively identified core biopsies with RSLs without atypia who underwent subsequent surgical excision between 2015 and 2021. All core biopsy slides were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis. Imaging was reviewed to determine radiological–pathological concordance. An upgrade was defined as invasive carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the excision. The final cohort consisted of 130 core biopsies from 124 women (median age = 52 years, range = 27–76). The imaging modality was mammogram in 52 (40%) cases, MRI in 52 (40%) and ultrasound in 26 (20%). One hundred and seven (82%) core biopsies were vacuum‐assisted and 23 (18%) were ultrasound‐guided without vacuum assistance. The median lesion size on imaging was 9 mm (range = 2–41). Overall, two (1%) cases were upgraded at excision, including one microinvasive lobular carcinoma and one 2 mm focus of invasive mammary carcinoma with associated DCIS. In both cases, the upgraded foci of carcinoma were not closely associated with the biopsy site and were considered incidental upgrades.ConclusionsThis study adds to the body of literature supporting observation, rather than routine excision of radial sclerosing lesions without atypia.