bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D position and pose measurement based on coded light field
Authors: Liu Wei , Chang Ding , Shao Jiajun , Yang Yanxi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh‐precision relative position and attitude measurement technology has a wide range of applications in aerospace and industrial production. Currently, the commonly used method for measurement is based on visual cooperative signs. However, its accuracy significantly decreases as the distance increases. Therefore, a relative positioning system is designed based on light field spatial coding and visual recognition. The projector emits spatially encoded structured light within the coverage of the light field, while the receiving end captures, identifies, measures the code, and calculates its pose in the light field coordinate system. Compared with the traditional measurement method, the measurement accuracy of this system does not decrease greatly with the increase in distance, the measurement distance can be adjusted in real‐time and does not depend on an external light source. By changing the projection pattern with different resolutions without changing hardware systems, it can adjust effective measurement distance accordingly. Theoretical and experimental results show that the proposed method can maintain measurement accuracy with the increase in distance.
Verbot von Feuerwerkskörpern reduziert schwere Handverletzungen an
Silvester: Eine deutschlandweite Multicenter-Studie des Pyrotechnikverbots im
Rahmen der Covid-19-Maßnahmen
Authors: Demmer Wolfram , Mesas Aranda Irene , Jimenez-Frohn Marcela , Esser Tobias , Oeckenpöhler Simon , Lauer Henrik , Giunta Riccardo E , Haas-Lützenberger Elisabeth Maria 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Verletzungen durch Explosionen oder pyrotechnische Ereignisse
können zu schwerwiegenden Handverletzungen führen, die teilweise langfristige
Auswirkungen sowohl für den Betroffenen als auch das Gesundheitssystem haben.
Bislang konnte die Einführung eines landesweiten Verbots von Feuerwerkskörpern
zum Jahreswechsel lediglich vorübergehend im Rahmen der Schutzmaßnahmen zur
Eindämmung der Covid-19-Pandemie umgesetzt werden. Diese zwei Ausnahmejahre
konnten im Sinne eines Modellversuchs ausgewertet werden, um aufzuzeigen,
welchen Effekt ein Verbot von Feuerwerk hinsichtlich Verletzungshäufigkeit von
Explosionsverletzungen bedeutet.
Material und Methoden Im Rahmen einer Multicenter-Studie haben fünf
deutsche Hand Traumazentren alle durch Feuerwerks- oder Knallkörper entstandenen
Verletzungen, die in einem Zeitraum von sieben Tagen um den Jahreswechsel
operativ versorgt wurden, retrospektiv erhoben und ausgewertet. Hierbei wurden
die Jahre 2017–2023 eingeschlossen.
Ergebnisse Schwere Handverletzungen durch Explosionen kamen während
geltender Covid-19 Schutzmaßnahmen signifikant seltener vor verglichen mit den
übrigen erhobenen Jahreswechseln. Nach Rückkehr zu regulären Verkaufsgesetzen
und Feierlichkeiten im Jahr 2022 konnte flächendeckend ein signifikanter
Wiederanstieg der Verletzungszahlen aufgezeigt werden, die sogar den
Vor-Covid-19-Zeitraum überstiegen. Die epidemiologischen Daten bestätigten einen
hohen Anteil an Minderjährigen und männlichen Patienten. Es kam zu einer Häufung
von schweren Verletzungen in der Neujahrsnacht und dem ersten Januar, wobei
Erwachsene sich vor allem zum Zeitpunkt der Feierlichkeiten, Kinder und
Jugendliche jedoch erst sekundär in den ersten Januartagen verletzten.
Schlussfolgerungen Nationale Verbote stellen eine effektive Methode dar,
um schwere Handverletzungen, ausgelöst durch Explosionskörper, und deren
lebenslange Folgen zu verhindern. Die in dieser Multicenter-Studie gewonnenen
Daten können als Bestandteil einer Grundlage für politisches Handeln dienen.
Safety of contrast-enhanced ultrasound using microbubbles in human pregnancy: A scoping review
Authors: Dassen Sophie , Monen Loes , Oei Guid , Mischi Massimo , van Laar Judith 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Successful placentation is crucial for fetal development and maintaining a healthy pregnancy. Placental insufficiency can cause a variety of obstetric complications. Despite the many efforts to enhance diagnosing placental insufficiency, no imaging technique has proven satisfactory. A promising imaging technique is contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) using microbubbles which has proven capable of (micro)vascular imaging. Its use for placental vascularization assessment in human pregnancies remains constrained by limited evidence and safety concerns. This scoping review aims to demonstrate the safety of CEUS used in human pregnancy in the published literature to date.
Material and Methods A systematic search using PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed. All studies where contrast-enhanced ultrasound was used in pregnant humans were included. Studies, where there was a planned termination of pregnancy, were excluded. To assess the safety of CEUS during pregnancy, relevant outcomes were divided into the following 3 categories; fetal outcome, maternal outcome, and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.
Results A total of 13 articles were included, in which 256 women underwent CEUS during pregnancy. No clinically significant maternal or fetal adverse events or negative pregnancy or neonatal outcomes associated with CEUS were described.
Conclusion Based on our findings, we consider expanding the knowledge of this promising diagnostic technique in future larger clinical studies to be safe and relevant.
Attempts on Fluorinative Transformation of Selected Functionalized Cycloalkene Scaffolds through Aziridination/Aziridine-Opening Protocol
Authors: Nonn Melinda , Kiss Loránd , Novák Tamás T. , Gömöry Ágnes , Han Jianlin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStudies on the transformations of some functionalized cycloalkene derivatives through their ring olefin-bond aziridination/aziridine opening with fluoride are presented. The selected model compounds submitted to fluorinative functionalization were an amino ester and diesters with a cyclohexene skeleton as well as a cyclopentene-fused β-lactam. Functionalization proceeded across a substrate-directed diastereoselective olefin-bond aziridination, followed by fluoride-mediated aziridine opening or intramolecular lactonization giving some fluorinated amino ester or amino lactone derivatives.
On the Existence and Relevance of Copper(III) Fluorides in Oxidative Trifluoromethylation
Authors: Nebra Noel , Joven-Sancho Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNumerous reports invoke CuIII–F intermediates engaging in oxidative cross-couplings mediated by low/mid-valent copper and formal sources of ‘F+’ oxidants. These elusive and typically instable CuIII fluorides have been rarely characterized or spectroscopically identified, making their existence and participation within catalytic cycles somehow questionable. We have authenticated a stable organocopper(III) fluoride that undergoes Csp–CF3 bond formation upon addition of silyl-capped alkynes following a 2 e– CuIII/CuI redox shuttle. This finding strongly supports the intermediacy of CuIII fluorides in C–C coupling. We review herein the state of the art about well-defined CuIII fluorides enabling cross-coupling reactions.1	Introduction2	Brief History of Coupling-Competent CuIII Fluorides3	Design of an Isolable – yet Reactive – Organocopper(III) Fluoride4	Alkyne Trifluoromethylation: Scope and Mechanism5	Extension to Aryl–CF3 and C–Heteroatom Couplings6	Summary and Outlook
An Indium(III) Triflate Catalyzed Simple and Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Substituted 3,3-Diaryloxindoles and Bis(indol-3-yl) methanes from Indoles and Isatins or Aryl Aldehydes
Authors: Vandana Vemulapalli , Rao Narra Laxmana , Swamy Kolakaluri Chaguru , Alapati Mohan Lakshmi Punna Rao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIndium(III) triflate was found to be an efficient metal catalyst for the electrophilic substitution reaction of substituted indoles with various isatins or aryl aldehydes in acetonitrile solvent to afford the corresponding 3,3-diaryloxindoles or bis(indol-3-yl)methanes, respectively, in high yields at room temperature. This new procedure has remarkable features such as experimental simplicity, high conversions, good to excellent yields, short reaction times, and simple workup procedures
Comparative Efficacy of Intracuff 1% and 2% Alkalinized Lignocaine with Saline on Endotracheal Tube-Induced Hemodynamic Changes and Emergence Phenomena in Neurosurgical Patients
Authors: Mounisha Elugoti , Talwar Vandana , Mudgal Pratibha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Extubation is associated with hemodynamic changes and emergence phenomena leading to cough, sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia in the postoperative period. The aim of our study was to compare intracuff 2% alkalinized lignocaine with 1% alkalinized lignocaine and saline in reducing endotracheal tube induced emergence phenomena and haemodynamic changes at extubation in neurosurgical patients.
Materials and Methods In this randomized controlled study, 90 adult patients of either sex, scheduled to undergo neurosurgical procedures were randomly divided into three groups of 30 each to receive either 1% alkalinized lignocaine (AL1), 2% alkalinized lignocaine (AL2), or saline as cuff inflation media. Intracuff pressures and haemodynamic variables were noted intraoperatively and during emergence. The presence of postextubation cough, sore throat, dysphonia, and dysphagia were monitored until 24 hours postoperatively. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and ANOVA. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results The intracuff pressures were significantly less with alkalinized lignocaine as compared to saline, after 3 hours of induction. Post extubation, hemodynamic parameters and incidence of coughing and bucking at extubation were significantly less in Groups AL1 (p = 0.024) and AL2 (p = 0.02) as compared to saline. On assessment of laryngotracheal morbidity, the incidence of coughing was found to be significantly less with 2% alkalinized lignocaine as compared to saline (p = 0.021) at 1 hour after extubation. Sore throat was significantly less in Groups AL1 and AL2 as compared with saline at 1 hour (p = 0.008, 0.002 respectively) and 8 hours (p = 0.01 in both groups), and in Group AL2 versus saline at 24 hours (p = 0.044) after extubation. The incidence of dysphonia was significantly less in Groups AL1 and AL2 as compared with saline at 1 hour (p = 0.016, p = 0.002) and 24 hours (p = 0.012 in both groups) and in Group AL2 versus saline at 8 hours (p = 0.03) postoperatively. No significant differences were noted between 1% alkalinized lignocaine and 2% alkalinized lignocaine.
Conclusion Intracuff alkalinized lignocaine 1% and 2% were significantly better than saline in reducing coughing and bucking at extubation, post extubation haemodynamic changes and incidence of postoperative cough, sore throat, and dysphonia.
Network consumption and sports practice: influence on the risk of network addiction and basic psychological needs
Authors: Vega-Díaz Marta , González-García Higinio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe objective of the study was to identify the possibility of developing a risk of addiction to social networks and to know the satisfaction of basic psychological needs depending on network usage time, the number of networks used, and the practice hours and type of sport developed. A sample of 265 university students (Mage = 28.23; SD = 8.44; 110 men and 155 women) completed distinct self-report measures. Results revealed significant differences in the addiction-symptoms, social-use and geek-traits, being higher when the time of network consumption increases and when the number of networks used is bigger. Regarding the sports variables, collective sports are significantly associated with the risk of addiction symptoms. However, the practice of collective sports seems to satisfy basic psychological needs. In conclusion, the higher use and number of social networks seem to predict the risk of addiction to them. Single sports practice decreases the probability of network addiction and, collective and single sports help satisfy basic psychological needs.
Coupled internal rotations and 14N quadrupole hyperfine structure of 2,4-dimethylpyrrole investigated by microwave spectroscopy and quantum chemistry
Authors: Barth Mike , Kleiner Isabelle , Nguyen Ha Vinh Lam 
Published: June 2024

The microwave spectrum of 2,4-dimethylpyrrole was investigated using a Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer in a supersonic expansion. Torsional splittings arising from two inequivalent methyl internal rotors in combination with hyperfine splittings due to the nuclear quadrupole coupling of the 14N nucleus were observed. The experiments were accompanied by quantum chemical calculations. A total of 1561 rotational lines were assigned and fitted in global fits using the programs XIAM and BELGI-Cs-2Tops-hyperfine, both achieved the measurement accuracy of 4 kHz. Local separate fits were also performed to verify the correctness of the assignment. Accurate experimental molecular and internal rotation parameters could be deduced and compared to the calculated ones. The barrier to internal rotation of the 2-methyl rotor was determined to be 277.830(26) cm−1, essentially the same as the value of about 280 cm−1 found for 2-methylpyrrole but lower than the value of 317 cm−1 found for 2,5-dimethylpyrrole. The torsional barrier value of the 4-methyl rotor is 262.210(27) cm−1, slightly higher than the value of 246 cm−1 found for 3-methylpyrrole. Benchmarking the rotational constants for 2,4- and 2,5-dimethylpyrrole revealed that the MP2/6-31G(d,p) level could be helpful to guide the assignment of microwave spectra of pyrrole derivatives.
Hyperuniformity in phase ordering: the roles of activity, noise, and non-constant mobility
Authors: De Luca Filippo , Ma Xiao , Nardini Cesare , Cates Michael E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hyperuniformity emerges generically in the coarsening regime of phase-separating fluids. Numerical studies of active and passive systems have shown that the structure factor S(q) behaves as q

ς
for q → 0, with hyperuniformity exponent ς = 4. For passive systems, this result was explained in 1991 by a qualitative scaling analysis of Tomita, exploiting isotropy at scales much larger than the coarsening length. Here we reconsider and extend Tomita’s argument to address cases of active phase separation and of non-constant mobility, again finding ς = 4. We further show that dynamical noise of variance

D

creates a transient ς = 2 regime for

q
^

≪

q
^

∗

∼

D

t

[
1
−
(
d
+
2
)
ν
]

/

2

, crossing over to ς = 4 at larger

q
^

. Here, ν is the coarsening exponent for the domain size

ℓ

, such that

ℓ
(
t
)
∼

t
ν

, and

q
^

∝
q
ℓ

is the rescaled wavenumber. In diffusive coarsening

ν
=
1

/

3

, so the rescaled crossover wavevector

q
^

∗

vanishes at large times when

d
⩾
2

. The slowness of this decay suggests a natural explanation for experiments that observe a long-lived ς = 2 scaling in phase-separating active fluids (where noise is typically large). Conversely, in d = 1, we demonstrate that with noise the ς = 2 regime survives as

t
→
∞

, with

q
^

∗

∼

D

5

/

6

. (The structure factor is not then determined by the zero-temperature fixed point.) We confirm our analytical predictions by numerical simulations of continuum theories for active and passive phase separation in the deterministic case and of Model B for the stochastic case. We also compare them with related findings for a system near an absorbing-state transition rather than undergoing phase separation. A central role is played throughout by the presence or absence of a conservation law for the centre of mass position R of the order parameter field.
A crosstalk-free multiple-image encryption scheme based on computational ghost imaging with binarized detection
Authors: Bai Xing , Yuan Sheng , Yu Zhan , Wang Yujie , Chen Xingyu , Liu Yang , Sun Mingze , Li Xinjia , Zhou Xin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Crosstalk noise is a main problem limiting the performance of multiple-image encryption (MIE) scheme. In this work, we proposed a crosstalk-free MIE scheme based on computational ghost imaging (CGI) with binarized detection. In the encryption process, the plaintext images are encrypted into intensity sequences by the CGI system and quantified into two levels to obtain binary ciphertext sequences, which does not cause severe degradation in decrypted image quality compared to traditional CGI. Then, for the binary ciphertext sequences, we can combine them into a decimal grayscale ciphertext. To enhance security, a pixel bit layer scrambling (PBLS) algorithm is designed to scramble the grayscale ciphertext to obtain the final ciphertext. In the decryption process, anyone of the plaintext images can be decrypted without being affected by other plaintext images after performing inverse PBLS algorithm on the ciphertext and extracting the binary ciphertext sequence. The effectiveness, robustness, encryption capacity and security of the proposed scheme are demonstrated by numerical simulations and theoretical analysis.
Scalar dark energy models and scalar–tensor gravity: theoretical explanations for the accelerated expansion of the present Universe
Authors: Ji Peixiang , Shao Lijing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The reason for the present accelerated expansion of the Universe stands as one of the most profound questions in the realm of science, with deep connections to both cosmology and fundamental physics. From a cosmological point of view, physical models aimed at elucidating the observed expansion can be categorized into two major classes: dark energy and modified gravity. We review various major approaches that employ a single scalar field to account for the accelerating phase of our present Universe. Dynamic system analysis was employed in several important models to find cosmological solutions that exhibit an accelerating phase as an attractor. For scalar field models of dark energy, we consistently focused on addressing challenges related to the fine-tuning and coincidence problems in cosmology, as well as exploring potential solutions to them. For scalar–tensor theories and their generalizations, we emphasize the importance of constraints on theoretical parameters to ensure overall consistency with experimental tests. Models or theories that could potentially explain the Hubble tension are also emphasized throughout this review.
Riemann–Hilbert problem for the defocusing Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation with fully asymmetric nonzero boundary conditions
Authors: Ji 纪 Jianying 建英 , Xie 解 Xiyang 西阳 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Riemann–Hilbert approach is demonstrated to investigate the defocusing Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation under fully asymmetric nonzero boundary conditions. In contrast to the symmetry case, this paper focuses on the branch points related to the scattering problem rather than using the Riemann surfaces. For the direct problem, we analyze the Jost solution of lax pairs and some properties of scattering matrix, including two kinds of symmetries. The inverse problem at branch points can be presented, corresponding to the associated Riemann–Hilbert. Moreover, we investigate the time evolution problem and estimate the value of solving the solutions by Jost function. For the inverse problem, we construct it as a Riemann–Hilbert problem and formulate the reconstruction formula for the defocusing Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation. The solutions of the Riemann–Hilbert problem can be constructed by estimating the solutions. Finally, we work out the solutions under fully asymmetric nonzero boundary conditions precisely via utilizing the Sokhotski–Plemelj formula and the square of the negative column transformation with the assistance of Riemann surfaces. These results are valuable for understanding physical phenomena and developing further applications of optical problems.
Normalizing flows for domain adaptation when identifying Λ hyperon events
Authors: Kelleher R. , Vossen A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the application of a normalizing flow as a method of domain adaptation when classifying physics data. Normalizing flows offer a way to transform data points between two different distributions. The present study investigates a novel method of transforming latent representations of physics data to a normal distribution and then to a physics distribution again. The final distribution models a simulated distribution. After being transformed, the data can be classified by a neural network trained on labeled simulation data. The present study succeeds in training two normalizing flows that can transform between data (or simulation) and a Gaussian distribution.
Melt electrowriting of poly(ϵ-caprolactone)—poly(ethylene glycol) backbone polymer blend scaffolds with improved hydrophilicity and functionality
Authors: Darroch Conor , Digeronimo Francesco , Asaro Giuseppe , Minsart Manon , Pien Nele , van Vlierberghe Sandra , Monaghan Michael G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Melt electrowriting (MEW) is an additive manufacturing technique that harnesses electro-hydrodynamic phenomena to produce 3D-printed fibres with diameters on the scale of 10s of microns. The ability to print at this small scale provides opportunities to create structures with incredibly fine resolution and highly defined morphology. The current gold standard material for MEW is poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL), a polymer with excellent biocompatibility but lacking in chemical groups that can allow intrinsic additional functionality. To provide this functionality while maintaining PCL’s positive attributes, blending was performed with a Poly(Ethylene Glycol) (PEG)-based Acrylate endcapped Urethane-based Precursor (AUP). AUPs are a group of polymers, built on a backbone of existing polymers, which introduce additional functionality by the addition of one or more acrylate groups that terminate the polymer chain of a backbone polymer. By blending with a 20kDa AUP-PEG in small amounts, it is shown that MEW attributes are preserved, producing high-quality meshes. Blends were produced in various PCL:AUP weight ratios (100:0, 90:10 and 0:100) and processed into both solvent-cast films and MEW meshes that were used to characterise the properties of the blends. It was found that the addition of AUP-PEG to PCL significantly increases the hydrophilicity of structures produced with these polymers, and adds swelling capability compared to the non-swelling PCL. The developed blend (90:10) is shown to be processable using MEW, and the quality of manufactured scaffolds is evaluated against pure PCL scaffolds by performing scanning electron microscopy image analysis, with the quality of the novel MEW blend scaffolds showing comparable quality to that of pure PCL. The presence of the functionalisable AUP material on the surface of the developed scaffolds is also confirmed using fluorescence labelling of the acrylate groups. Biocompatibility of the MEW-processable blend was confirmed through a cell viability study, which found a high degree of cytocompatibility.