bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoelastic Analysis of Cemented or Screwed Implant-Supported Prostheses With Different Prosthetic Connections
Authors: Tonella Bianca Piccolotto , Pellizzer Eduardo Piza , Ferraço Renato , Falcón-Antenucci Rosse Mary , Carvalho Paulo S. Perri de , Goiato Marcelo Coelho 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution of different retention systems (screwed or cemented) associated with different prosthetic connections (external hexagon, internal hexagon, and Morse taper) in 3-unit implant-supported fixed partial dentures through photoelasticity. Six models were fabricated with photoelastic resin PL-2, and each model contained two implants of 4.0 × 10.0 mm. The models presented different retention systems (screwed and cemented) and different connections (external hexagon, internal hexagon, and Morse taper). The prostheses were standardized and fabricated in Ni-Cr alloy. A circular polariscope was used and axial and oblique (45°) loads of 100 N were applied in a universal testing machine. The results were photographed and analyzed qualitatively with a graphic software (Adobe Photoshop). The screwed retention system exhibited higher number of fringes for both axial and oblique loadings. The internal hexagon implant presented better and lower stress distribution for both cemented and screwed prostheses. The oblique loading increased the number of fringes in all models tested. The cemented retention system presented better stress distribution. The internal hexagon implant was more favorable according to the biomechanical standpoint. The oblique load increased stress in all systems and connections tested.
Adhesive Temperature: Effects on Adhesive Properties and Resin-Dentin Bond Strength
Authors: Loguercio AD , Salvalaggio D , Piva AE , Klein-Júnior CA , de LR Accorinte M , Meier MM , Grande RHM , Reis A 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARY

Objectives
To evaluate the effect of adhesive temperature on the resin-dentin bond strength (μTBS), nanoleakage (NL), adhesive layer thickness (AL), and degree of conversion (DC) of ethanol/water- (SB) and acetone-based (PB) etch-and-rinse adhesive systems.

Methods
The bottles of the two adhesives were kept at each temperature (5°C, 20°C, 37°C, and 50°C) for 2 hours before application to demineralized dentin surfaces of 40 molars. Specimens were prepared for μTBS testing. Bonded sticks (0.8 mm2) were tested under tension (0.5 mm/min). Three bonded sticks from each tooth were immersed in silver nitrate and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The DC of the adhesives was evaluated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy.

Results
Lower μTBS was observed for PB at 50°C. For SB, the μTBS values were similar for all temperatures. DC was higher at 50°C for PB. Higher NL and thicker AL were observed for both adhesives in the 5°C and 20°C groups compared to the 37°C and 50°C groups. The higher temperatures (37°C or 50°C) reduced the number of pores within the adhesive layer of both adhesive systems.

Conclusions
It could be useful to use an ethanol/water-based adhesive at 37°C or 50°C and an acetone-based adhesive at 37°C to improve adhesive performance.
Mental Health, Criminal Justice and Culture: Some Ways Forward?
Authors: Jones Robin , Day Andrew 
Published: August 2011

Objective: This paper aims to offer an overview of the mental health needs of Indigenous men and women in the criminal justice system and how Indigenous cultural perspectives on mental health might influence forensic mental health service provision. Conclusion: There is a need for both mental health and criminal justice agencies to collaborate more closely in developing new models of service provision that incorporate Indigenous perspectives on social and emotional wellbeing, recognize culturally specific mental health risk and protective factors in relation to prevention, early intervention and treatment, and take advantage of the opportunities for treatment that arise in the context of criminal justice system intervention.
On the Language Surrounding the Psychiatrist-As-Expert
Authors: Simpson Alexander 
Published: August 2011

Objective: This paper responds to two articles in a recent issue of Australasian Psychiatry examining the names given to clinicians and forensic experts, and to the people to whom we give service. Conclusions: The contextual issues that confront the psychiatrist-as-expert differ from those as the psychiatrist-as-therapist in certain important ways. The alteration of the name from patient into one more descriptive of their position, such as defendant or claimant, is protective for both the assessor and the assessed. It reminds all that the nature of the relationship is not primarily therapeutic.
Une approche géomarketing du sport
Authors: Ravenel Loïc 
Published: August 2011

Cet article présente d’un point de vue conceptuel et fonctionnel l’apport d’une démarche géomarketing pour l’analyse du sport. Au-delà d’une collusion entre la géographie et le marketing, elle implique prioritairement une phase décisionnelle, opératoire pour la progression de l’activité sportive. Si ses méthodes empruntent beaucoup à l’analyse spatiale et à la géomatique, et s’inscrivent dans une perspective structuraliste, l’intérêt du géomarketing ne doit pas se limiter à l’étude de marché, ni à la cartographie des clients ou des prospects au sein des zones de chalandise : il s’agit de dépasser l’idée de la seule représentation spatiale de données pour l’intégration de la dimension géographique dans la stratégie marketing. Cette intégration nous pousse vers une vision plus systémique utilisant le marketing comme un modèle d’analyse des services sportifs, services pour lesquels les choix des pratiquants ou consommateurs sont devenus prépondérants. Après avoir replacé les recherches en géographie des sports dans leur contexte scientifique, une définition du géomarketing est proposée, insistant sur la spécificité des services sportifs. Trois grands domaines d’interventions sont ensuite identifiés comme des pistes de travail qui combinent les attentes des acteurs avec de nouvelles perspectives géographiques.
Une lecture géopolitique du système olympique
Authors: Gillon Pascal 
Published: August 2011

Le sport est entré dans l’arène des relations internationales dès le début du XX e et n’en est jamais ressorti depuis. Une approche géopolitique du sport est donc possible dans le cadre de la définition de Lacoste qui insiste sur la place des représentations utilisées dans les conflits. Le sport, qui est un affrontement symbolique, se prête ainsi bien à la manipulation de la part de certains acteurs. À partir d’une déconstruction du système olympique, qui a développé les Jeux, manifestation planétaire la plus médiatisée, on peut analyser le rôle de chaque acteur et voir comment ils utilisent le sport à des fins de relations internationales. Le Comité international olympique (CIO) joue sa partition en tentant de devenir un acteur des relations internationales notamment au travers de la construction de sa propre géographie grâce à son droit de reconnaissance et en affirmant sa primauté face à des rivaux potentiels dont l’ONU. Les États utilisent le sport afin de distiller des messages vis-à-vis de leur population et de la communauté internationale au travers d’une « diplomatie sportive ». Enfin récemment, un nouvel acteur est apparu avec les ONG qui tentent aussi de se servir du sport pour communiquer.
Les linguistes du XIXe siècle, l'« identité nationale » et la question de la langue
Authors: Chiss Jean-Louis 
Published: August 2011

La question du rapport à la langue (aux langues) dans la problématique de la construction nationale et des représentations qu’elle engendre constitue au XIX e siècle et au début du XX e siècle un espace de réflexion voire de théorisation chez nombre de linguistes en France et en Allemagne particulièrement. À travers les interventions de Renan, Meillet et Bréal sur la relation entre « langue française et identité nationale », on examine certains aspects du destin politique de la grammaire historique et comparée : le trajet de Renan, de ses conceptions racialistes jusqu’au thème de la nation comme « un plébiscite de tous les jours » (1882), la répudiation par Bréal du rôle joué par les langues dans l’assignation identitaire à la « nationalité » (1891), le corrélationnisme posé par Meillet (1915) entre fait linguistique et fait historique constituent des exemples d’une relation complexe entre théories linguistiques et positions idéologiques.
Théories et politiques de Noam Chomsky
Authors: Joseph John E. 
Published: August 2011

La linguistique a ses origines dans la recherche de l’interprétation correcte des textes. Elle manifeste le besoin d’une autorité capable de limiter la liberté des lecteurs et des auditeurs à inventer des significations dans les textes qu’ils rencontrent. Autrement dit, la linguistique procède historiquement de la politique de l’interprétation car toute tentative de contrôler l’action ou la pensée d’autrui est politique, y compris la contrôle de ses interprétations. En rejetant toute interprétation qui n’est pas générée par le texte lui-même, la sémantique interprétative de Chomsky se place dans la tradition ancienne des tentatives de contrôle de l’interprétation. Selon ce modèle, l’auditeur ne fait qu’enregistrer passivement ce que le locuteur a créé. Voici le lien entre le modèle chomskyen du langage et ses critiques de la politique, où il a insisté sur l’existence d’une conspiration entre les gouvernements et les médias pour « fabriquer le consentement » : les gens ordinaires acceptant automatiquement tout ce qu’on leur dit, sans interprétation critique.
Vaugelas politique ?
Authors: Merlin-Kajman Hélène 
Published: August 2011

Au XVII e siècle, la célèbre distinction opérée par Vaugelas entre bon et mauvais usage a été la plupart du temps interprétée en termes sociologiques. Or, les débats sur l’usage mobilisent des schèmes argumentatifs qui proviennent de théorisations juridico-politiques portant sur la souveraineté, sur le rapport entre droit romain et droit « français », loi et coutume. Ainsi, lorsque Vaugelas définit l’usage comme « le souverain des langues », la définition, politique, exclut de cette souveraineté linguistique non seulement la « plebs », mais aussi les particuliers et le roi . Pour les puristes, les mots n’ont de fondement que dans un usage volontairement contracté , ce qui exige la création d’un lieu d’observation du simple fait de parler et d’un espace intérieur de réflexion sur sa propre parole. Le bon usage s’identifie au public , sorte d’embryon de peuple démocratique.
Le marigot médiatique africain. Approches d'une information à rebours (2010-1960)
Authors: Bat Jean-Pierre 
Published: August 2011

Résumé Le « marigot africain » des espions a traditionnellement été dévoilé par la loupe des enquêtes journalistiques depuis les indépendances. Loin d’opérer comme une épiphanie neutre de la vérité contre le monde opaque des polices secrètes africaines, ces processus de révélation participent en réalité d’un équilibre complexe entre droit de regard sur l’univers clos des Services et manipulation de la parole à des fins plus délicates à identifier. À travers une plongée dans les mécanismes de dévoilement des Services dans l’histoire contemporaine de l’Afrique, il s’agit donc de revisiter la construction de l’opinion publique comme outil potentiel des tactiques de renseignement.
Low‐temperature conversion of spent adsorbent to iodine sodalite by a mechanochemical route
Authors: Hirabayashi D. , Tanada Y. , Sugiyama T. , Enokida Y. , Sawada K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe focus on a ball milling induced conversion as a possible synthesis route of iodine sodalite (Na8Al6Si6O24I2) from zeolite‐based iodine adsorbents in order to treat a radioactive iodine filter for the off‐gas cleaning during nuclear facilities is presented. A mixture of silver iodide and zeolite 13X as a simulated adsorbent was mechanochemically milled using a laboratory‐scale planetary ball mill. The obtained powders were characterized by X‐ray diffraction to determine the effect of milling time on the conversion of the iodine sodalite. The crystal grain size and the lattice strain of the grounded phases were evaluated. After the ball milling, the milled samples were hydrothermally crystallized to form a sodalite phase with a sodium hydroxide solution for 48 h in an autoclave maintained at 150°C. The iodine sodalite was successfully obtained after hydrothermal crystallization. A leaching test was carried out for the assessment of the order of iodine leachability and chemical durability under reducing conditions. The leaching amount was found to be low on the orders of 10−4 ∼10−5 mol dm−3 in sodium thiosulfate solution. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2441–2447, 2012
Numerical simulation of particulate processes for control and estimation by spectral methods
Authors: Bück Andreas , Klaunick Günter , Kumar Jitendra , Peglow Mirko , Tsotsas Evangelos 
Published: August 2011

AbstractResults of application of pseudospectral methods, also known as spectral collocation methods, to practical particulate processes including growth, nucleation, aggregation, and breakage are presented. For growth‐dominated processes, a considerable reduction in model dimension can be achieved; for pure aggregation and breakage they form a viable option. To handle problems that include aggregation, breakage, and growth phenomena simultaneously, we introduce a hybrid algorithm combining the advantages of spectral methods and cell average or fixed pivot methods for aggregation and breakage. Results are shown for analytical examples as well as real processes taken from the fields of granulation and crystallization. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2309–2319, 2012
Follicular lymphoma: 2011 update on diagnosis and management
Authors: Freedman Arnold 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDisease overview:Follicular lymphoma (FL) is generally an indolent B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder of transformed follicular center B cells. FL is characterized by diffuse lymphoadenopathy, bone marrow involvement, splenomegaly, and less commonly other extranodal sites of involvement. In general, cytopenias can occur but constitutional symptoms of fever, nightsweats, and weight loss are uncommon.Diagnosis:Diagnosis is based on histology of preferably biopsy of a lymph node. Immunohistochemical staining is positive in virtually all cases for cell surface CD19, CD20, CD10 and monoclonal immunoglobulin, as well as cytoplasmic expression of bcl‐2 protein. The overwhelming majority of cases have the characteristic t(14;18) translocation involving the IgH/bcl‐2 genes.Risk stratification:The Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index prognostic model for FL uses five independent predictors of inferior survival: age > 60 years, hemoglobin <12 g/dL, serum LDH > normal, Ann Arbor stage III/IV, number of involved nodal areas > 4. The presence of 0–1, 2, and ≥3 adverse factors defines low, intermediate, and high‐risk disease with median 10 year survivals in the pre‐rituximab era of approximately 71, 51, and 36 months, respectively. With the use of more modern therapies, specifically anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody, the outcome has improved.Risk‐adapted therapy:Observation continues to be adequate for asymptomatic patients with low bulk disease and no cytopenias. For patients needing therapy, most patients are treated with chemotherapy plus rituximab, which has improved response rates, duration of response, and overall survival. Randomized studies have shown additional benefit for maintenance rituximab both following chemotherapy‐rituximab and single agent rituximab. Autologous stem cell transplantation has not shown a survival benefit in first remission patients. Stem cell transplantation (SCT) including both autologous and allogeneic SCT or experimental agent therapy is considered for recurrent disease. Am. J. Hematol. 86:769‐775, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical aspects of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis: a case series
Authors: Longhini Anthony B. , Ferguson Berrylin J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground:The incidence of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) is unknown. Failure to address dental pathology causing sinusitis can lead to failure of medical and surgical treatments. The purpose of this article is to present an OMS patient series.Methods:Retrospective review of prospectively accrued patients. Sinusitis guidelines were reviewed for OMS incidence and management. The clinical aspects of OMS in 21 patients diagnosed by sinus computed tomography (CT) scan over the last 30 months were assessed.Results:In our series the mean age was 53 years (range, 21–70 years), mean duration of symptoms was 2.6 years (range, 1 month to 15 years), rotten smell or bad taste was present in 10 of 21 (48%) patients, dental pain was present in 6 of 21 (29%) patients, and unilateral maxillary opacification was present in 12 of 23 (57%) patients. Dental pathology was not noted in 6 of 7 (86%) of pre‐CT dental films and 14 of 21 (67%) of initial sinus CT reports but reevaluation of CT scans found dental pathology in all patients.Conclusion:Dental pathology causing sinusitis was frequently missed on plain dental X‐rays and CT scan reports. Dental pain and foul‐smelling nasal discharge are present in less than one‐half of patients and symptoms commonly persist for years. Otolaryngologists must have a high index of suspicion for an odontogenic cause of refractory maxillary sinusitis. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Keratinocyte chemoattractant (interleukin‐8) regulation of sinonasal cilia function in a murine model
Authors: Shen Jessica C. , Chen Bei , Cohen Noam A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground:Chronic rhinosinusitis is a multifactorial disease characterized by a local inflammatory response and impaired mucociliary clearance. Our prior work suggests that nonpolypoid inflammation can blunt ciliary dynamics. Thus, we set out to determine whether exogenously applied recombinant keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), mouse homologue of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), modulates ciliary function.Methods:Murine primary sinonasal cultures were established in an air–liquid interface. Exogenous KC was administered to apical and basal surfaces at 500 pg/mL (n = 6) or 5 ng/mL (n = 3). Basal and stimulated cilia beat frequency (CBF) was recorded at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after exposure. Control groups were treated with buffered saline solution (n = 6). Cilia were mechanically stimulated with bursts of pressurized air (55 mmHg). CBF after prolonged KC exposure (96 hours) was also measured.Results:KC‐treated cultures had significantly increased basal CBF at 24 hours and 48 hours. KC (500 pg/mL) yielded a 41.6% ± 9.5 increase in basal CBF (p < 0.001) at 24 hours, which persisted at 48 hours, 35.8% ± 10.2 (p < 0.05), while high‐concentration KC (5 ng/mL) yielded a 50.2% ± 6.6 (p < 0.01) increase in basal CBF at 24 hours, which declined to 15.2% ± 5.2 (p < 0.01) at 48 hours. After 48 hours, the KC group demonstrated decreased response to mechanical stimulus vs control (500 pg/mL: p < 0.01, 5 ng/mL: p ≤ 0.04). With prolonged KC exposure (500 pg/mL) CBF declined: −25.5% ± 6.9 (p < .001) at 72 hours, and −19.6% ± 5.4 (p < 0.01) at 96 hours.Conclusion:Our results demonstrate modulation of cilia function of murine sinonasal epithelial cells by the inflammatory cytokine KC, which acutely increases basal CBF while decreasing the response of cilia to mechanical stimulation. Prolonged KC exposure decreases basal CBF. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy treatment of chronic recurrent sinusitis biofilms
Authors: Biel Merrill A. , Sievert Chet , Usacheva Marina , Teichert Matthew , Balcom Jim 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundChronic recurrent sinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the facial sinuses and nasal passages that is defined as lasting longer than 12 weeks or occurring more than 4 times per year with symptoms usually lasting more than 20 days. The National Institute for Health Statistics estimates that CRS is one of the most common chronic conditions in the United States, affecting an estimated 37 million Americans. The potential etiologies of CRS include bacteria, viruses, allergies, fungi, superantigens, and microbial biofilms. In clinical practice there is a significant subpopulation of patients with CRS who remain resistant to cure despite rigorous treatment regimens including surgery, allergy therapy, and prolonged antibiotic therapy. The reason for treatment failure is thought to be related to the destruction of the sinus mucociliary defense by the chronic sinus infection resulting in the development of secondary antibiotic‐resistant microbial colonization of the sinuses and biofilm formation. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a nonantibiotic broad‐spectrum antimicrobial treatment that has been demonstrated to eradicate antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and biofilms. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of a noninvasive aPDT treatment method of eradicating antibiotic resistant biofilms/microorganisms known to cause CRS in an in vitro model.MethodsAntibiotic‐resistant planktonic bacteria and fungi and polymicrobial biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were grown on silastic sheets and treated with a methylene blue photosensitizer and 670 nm non–thermal‐activating light. Cultures of the planktonic microorganisms and biofilms were obtained before and after light treatment to determine efficacy of planktonic bacteria and biofilm reduction.ResultsThe in vitro CRS planktonic microorganism and biofilm study demonstrated that aPDT reduced the CRS polymicrobial biofilm by >99.9% after a single treatment.ConclusionaPDT can effectively treat CRS polymicrobial antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, fungi, and biofilms in vivo. Human clinical studies are currently planned to assess the safety and efficacy of this treatment for CRS. © 2011 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.
Effect of extractives on the performance properties of wood flour‐polypropylene composites
Authors: Sheshmani Shabnam , Ashori Alireza , Farhani Foad 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this study, the effects of extractives in wood flour on the physicomechanical properties of wood flour‐polypropylene (PP) composites have been investigated. Three different solvents, hot‐water (HW), 1% NaOH (AL), and dichloromethane (DM), were used to remove extractives in both poplar and eucalypt wood flour. The obtained results showed that mechanical properties of the composites were moderately enhanced on using extractive‐free lignocellulosic materials in both the wood types. A large increase in the strength of eucalyptus flour‐PP composites was observed upon the removal of extractives from eucalyptus flour. Unlike the mechanical properties, no improvement in the water absorption and thickness swelling was observed for any type of extracted‐free samples. The thermal degradation behavior of the composites showed that in both cases, the degradation temperatures shifted to higher values after removing the extractives. In general, the removal of AL solubles was more effective in its improvement of the physicomechanical properties than the removal of HW and DM extractives. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012