bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light elements in stars with exoplanets
Authors: Mena E. Delgado , Gálvez-Ortiz M. C. , González-Hernández J. I. , Israelian G. , Santos N. C. , Rebolo R. , Cerdeña C. Dominguez 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLight elements are important tracers of the internal stellar structure and kinematics. Li and Be are both burned in the stellar interiors but Be requires much higher temperatures and thus we can expect to measure Be abundances in stars which have no detectable Li in their atmospheres. The study of these elements can give us information about processes related to the angular momentum history of these stars, since rotation and angular momentum loss are important mechanisms responsible for the depletion of light elements. Additionally, if pollution has played an important role in determining the high-metal content of planet host stars, we would expect to find a similar or even higher increase in the Li and Be contents. We present Be and Li abundances in a sample of 69 stars with planets and 31 stars without known planetary companion, spanning a large range of effective temperatures.
Photospheric and coronal abundances of solar-type stars with planets: the case of τ Bootis
Authors: Maggio Antonio , Sanz-Forcada Jorge , Scelsi Luigi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe present the results of a study of coronal and photospheric abundances in τ Bootis, a middle-aged solar analogue, well known for the presence of a close-in Jovian mass planet. We employ the results of this study, based on high-resolution optical and X-ray spectra, to address the issue of abundance stratification vs. First Ionization Potential (FIP) in the outer stellar atmospheres of solar-type stars with and without planets.
How galaxies form: Mass assembly from chemical abundances in the era of large surveys
Authors: Wyse Rosemary F.G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe chemical abundances in the atmosphere of a star provide unique information about the gas from which that star formed, and, modulo processes that are not important for the vast majority of stars, such as mass transfer in close binary systems, are conserved through a star's life. Correlations between chemistry and kinematics have been used for decades to trace dynamical evolution of the Milky Way Galaxy. I discuss how it should be possible to refine and extend such analyses, provided planned large-scale deep imaging surveys have matched spectroscopic surveys.
The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) in Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III)
Authors: Majewski Steven R. , Wilson John C. , Hearty Fred , Schiavon Ricardo R. , Skrutskie Michael F. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) is a large-scale, near-infrared (H-band), high-resolution (R ~ 30,000), high S/N (≳100) spectroscopic survey of Milky Way stellar populations. APOGEE will operate from 1.51–1.68μm, a region that includes useful absorption lines from at least fifteen chemical species including α, odd-Z, and iron peak elements. The APOGEE instrument has a novel design featuring 300 science fibers feeding light to a mosaiced VPH grating and a six-element camera encased in a liquid nitrogen-cooled cryostat. A three year bright-time observing campaign will enable APOGEE to observe approximately 100,000 red giants across the Galactic bulge, disk and halo.
Proof of principle for shotgun DNA mapping by unzipping
Authors: Herskowitz Lawrence , Salvagno Anthony , Maloney R. Andy , Le Linh , Koch Steven 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAbility to map polymerases and nucleosomes on chromatin is important for understanding the impact of chromatin remodeling on key cellular processes. Current methods (such as ChIP and ChIP-chip) have produced a wealth of information that demonstrates this importance, but key information is elusive in these ensemble methods. We’re pursuing a new single-molecule chromatin mapping method based on unzipping native chromatin molecules with optical tweezers. The first step we are taking towards this ability is shotgun DNA mapping (SDM). This is the ability to identify the genomic location of a random DNA fragment based on its naked DNA unzipping forces compared with simulated unzipping forces of a published genome. We show that ~32 separate experimental unzipping curves for pBR322 were correctly matched to their simulated unzipping curves hidden in a background of the ~2700 sequences neighboring XhoI sites in the S. cerevisiae (yeast) genome. We describe this method and characterize its robustness as well as discuss future applications.
Role of nitric oxide-mediated glutathionylation in neuronal function: potential regulation of energy utilization
Authors: Yap Li-Peng , Garcia Jerome V. , Han Derick S. , Cadenas Enrique 
Published: March 2010

Excessive generation of nitric oxide radical (NO•) in neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity and during age-related neurodegenerative disorders entails the localized and concerted increase in nitric oxide synthase(s) expression in glial cells and neurons. The aim of the present study was to assess the biological significance of the impact of NO• on the cell's thiol status with emphasis on S-glutathionylation of targeted proteins. Exposure of primary cortical neurons or astrocytes to increasing flow rates of NO• (0.061–0.25 μM/s) resulted in the following. (i) A decrease in GSH (glutathione) in neurons accompanied by formation of GSNO (S-nitrosoglutathione) and GSSG (glutathione disulfide); neurons were far more sensitive to NO• exposure than astrocytes. (ii) A dose-dependent oxidation of the cellular redox status: the neuron's redox potential increased ~42 mV and that of astrocytes ~23 mV. A good correlation was observed between cell viability and the cellular redox potential. The higher susceptibility of neurons to NO• can be partly explained by a reduced capacity to recover GSH through lower activities of GSNO and GSSG reductases. (iii) S-glutathionylation of a small subset of proteins, among them GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), the S-glutathionylation of which resulted in inhibition of enzyme activity. The quantitative analyses of changes in the cell's thiol potential upon NO• exposure and their consequences for S-glutathionylation are discussed in terms of the distinct redox environment of astrocytes and neurons.
Optimized low-level liquid scintillation spectroscopy of
35
S for atmospheric and biogeochemical chemistry applications
Authors: Brothers Lauren A. , Dominguez Gerardo , Abramian Anna , Corbin Antoinette , Bluen Ben , Thiemens Mark H. 
Published: March 2010

Anthropogenic activities, dominated by emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO
2
), have perturbed the global sulfur (S) cycle. Uncertainties in timescales of S transport and chemistry in the atmosphere lead to uncertainties in the predicted impact of S emissions. Measurements of cosmogenic
35
S may potentially be used to resolve existing uncertainties in the photochemical and chemical transformation of S in the environment. The lack of a simple, effective, and highly sensitive technique to measure
35
S activity in samples with low activities may explain the scarcity of published measurements. We present a set of new sample handling and measurement procedures optimized for the measurement of
35
S in natural samples with activities as low as 0.20 dpm above background (2
σ
, integration time = 2 hr). We also report simultaneous measurements of aerosol (

) and gas phase (

) collected at inland and coastal locations; the range of observed activities corresponds to SO
2
residence lifetimes of 0.2 ± 0.04 (coastal) - 22.3 d ± 0.04 (inland). These optimized techniques offer the potential for resolving atmospheric processes that occur on 6–12-hour timescales as well as resolving transport phenomena such as stratospheric mixing into the troposphere.
Exposing the hidden complexity of stoichiometric and catalytic metathesis reactions by elucidation of Mg-Zn hybrids
Authors: Hevia Eva , Chua Jonathan Z. , García-Álvarez Pablo , Kennedy Alan R. , McCall Matthew D. 
Published: March 2010

Studying seemingly simple metathesis reactions between ZnCl2andtBuMgCl has, surprisingly, revealed a much more complex chemistry involving mixed magnesium-zinc compounds that could be regarded as Mg-Zn hybrids. Thus, the reaction of equimolar amounts of ZnCl2andtBuMgCl reveals the formation of the unprecedented mixed Mg-Zn complex [(THF)4Mg(μ-Cl)2Zn(tBu)(Cl)] (1), as a result of the co-complexation of the two anticipated exchange products of the metathesis. This magnesium zincate adopts a contacted ion-pair structure, closely related to Knochel’s pioneering “Turbo” Grignard reagents. Furthermore, a second coproduct identified in this reaction is the solvent-separated mixed magnesium-zinc chloride complex [{Mg(THF)6}2+{Zn2Cl6}2-] (3) that critically diminishes the amount of ZnCl2available for the intended metathesis reaction to take place. In another surprising result, when the reaction is carried out by using an excess of 3 M equivalents of the Grignard reagent (closer to the catalytic conditions employed by synthetic chemists), solvent-separated magnesium trialkyl zincate [{Mg2Cl3(THF)6}+{Zn(tBu)3}-] (4) is obtained that can be viewed as a model for the active species involved in the increasingly important organic transformations of Grignard reagents catalysed by ZnCl2. Furthermore, preliminary reactivity studies reveal that complex4can be used as an effective new reagent for direct Zn-I exchange reactions that allow the preparation and structural identification of the magnesium tris(aryl) zincate [{Mg2Cl3(THF)6}+{Zn(p-Tol)3}-] (5) that represents the first example of complete 3-fold activation of a zincate in a Zn-I exchange reaction which, in turn, can efficiently be used as a precursor for Negishi cross-coupling reactions.
Directly patternable, highly conducting polymers for broad applications in organic electronics
Authors: Yoo Joung Eun , Lee Kwang Seok , Garcia Andres , Tarver Jacob , Gomez Enrique D. , Baldwin Kimberly , Sun Yangming , Meng Hong , Nguyen Thuc-Quyen , Loo Yueh-Lin 
Published: March 2010

Postdeposition solvent annealing of water-dispersible conducting polymers induces dramatic structural rearrangement and improves electrical conductivities by more than two orders of magnitude. We attain electrical conductivities in excess of 50 S/cm when polyaniline films are exposed to dichloroacetic acid. Subjecting commercially available poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) to the same treatment yields a conductivity as high as 250 S/cm. This process has enabled the wide incorporation of conducting polymers in organic electronics; conducting polymers that are not typically processable can now be deposited from solution and their conductivities subsequently enhanced to practical levels via a simple and straightforward solvent annealing process. The treated conducting polymers are thus promising alternatives for metals as source and drain electrodes in organic thin-film transistors as well as for transparent metal oxide conductors as anodes in organic solar cells and light-emitting diodes.
Antenna mixing in photosynthetic membranes from
Phaeospirillum molischianum
Authors: Mascle-Allemand Camille , Duquesne Katia , Lebrun Regine , Scheuring Simon , Sturgis James N. 
Published: March 2010

We have investigated the adaptation of the light-harvesting system of the photosynthetic bacterium
Phaeospirillum molischianum
(DSM120) to very low light conditions. This strain is able to respond to changing light conditions by differentially modulating the expression of a family of
puc
operons that encode for peripheral light-harvesting complex (LH2) polypeptides. This modulation can result in a complete shift between the production of LH2 complexes absorbing maximally near 850 nm to those absorbing near 820 nm. In contradiction to prevailing wisdom, analysis of the LH2 rings found in the photosynthetic membranes during light adaptation are shown to have intermediate spectral and electrostatic properties. By chemical cross-linking and mass-spectrometry we show that individual LH2 rings and subunits can contain a mixture of polypeptides derived from the different operons. These observations show that polypeptide synthesis and insertion into the membrane are not strongly coupled to LH2 assembly. We show that the light-harvesting complexes resulting from this mixing could be important in maintaining photosynthetic efficiency during adaptation.
Infliximab for refractory ulcerative proctitis
Authors: BOUGUEN G. , ROBLIN X. , BOURREILLE A. , FEIER L. , FILIPPI J. , NANCEY S. , BRETAGNE J.‐F. , FLOURIÉ B. , HÉBUTERNE X. , BIGARD M.‐A. , SIPROUDHIS L. , PEYRIN‐BIROULET L. 
Published: March 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 1178–1185SummaryBackground  Efficacy of infliximab in treating ulcerative proctitis remains unknown.Aim  To evaluate the clinical, biological and endoscopic efficacy of infliximab therapy in refractory proctitis.Methods  The charts of 420 patients treated with infliximab for ulcerative colitis were reviewed. Thirteen patients were treated with infliximab for refractory ulcerative proctitis in six referral centres between 2005 and 2009.Results  Following infliximab therapy induction, 9/13 patients (69%) had a complete response (defined as absence of diarrhoea and blood), 2/13 (15%) had a partial response and 2/13 (15%) were primary nonresponders. The median follow‐up was 17 months (range, 3–48). Among the 11 patients with clinical response after infliximab induction therapy, 9 (82%) patients maintained response at last follow‐up. Disappearance of rectal disorders was observed in all nine patients who maintained clinical response at last follow‐up. Following infliximab induction therapy, the mean CRP level fell from 12.8 mg/L to 4.7 mg/L. Endoscopic evaluation was performed before and after infliximab in seven patients, showing an improvement in mucosal lesions in four patients, persistent mild endoscopic activity in two patients and no improvement in one patient. One patient underwent proctocolectomy.Conclusion  Infliximab therapy seems to be effective in inducing and maintaining a clinical response in refractory ulcerative proctitis.
Favourable outcome of patients with childhood acute promyelocytic leukaemia after treatment with reduced cumulative anthracycline doses
Authors: Creutzig Ursula , Zimmermann Martin , Dworzak Michael , Urban Christian , Henze Günter , Kremens Bernhard , Lakomek Max , Bourquin Jean‐Pierre , Stary Jan , Reinhardt Dirk 
Published: March 2010

SummaryAcute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) treatment often includes high cumulative doses of anthracyclines, which can cause long‐term cardiotoxicity. Here, we report the favourable outcome in 81 paediatric APL patients treated according to the consecutive acute myeloid leukaemia‐Berlin/Frankfurt/Muenster (AML‐BFM) trials ‐93/‐98/‐2004 with an anthracycline‐cytarabine regimen in combination with all‐trans‐retinoid acid (ATRA). Outcomes achieved by treatment with a reduced cumulative anthracycline dose (350 mg/m2) were comparable to those reported for studies with higher doses. Five‐year overall survival of the total cohort was 89 ± 4% and event‐free survival (pEFS) was 73 ± 6%. Overall survival was similar when comparing AML‐BFM trial periods (trial 93: 88 ± 8%, 98: 85 ± 7% and 2004: 94 ± 8%, P(logrank) = 0·63). Seventy‐five (93%) patients achieved complete remission. Most fatal events occurred during the first 6 weeks of treatment. Long‐term cardiotoxicity was observed in one patient. Two patients suffered from secondary haematological malignancies. Salvage treatment was effective in 7/9 patients (78%) with relapsed APL, who now are long‐term survivors after second line combination treatment with arsenic trioxide (4/7 patients) and stem cell transplantation (5/7 patients). Our results demonstrate that – combined with ATRA – a lower cumulative anthracycline dose can be used safely to maintain high cure rates and promote the reduction of long‐term sequelae, such as cardiotoxicity in APL patients.
First record of Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew) (Dipt., Tephritidae) in Austria
Authors: Egartner A. , Zeisner N. , Hausdorf H. , Blümel S. 
Published: March 2010

The Nearctic eastern cherry fruit fly species Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew) (Dipt., Tephritidae) has been detected several times in different European countries during the last decades. This species as well as Rhagoletis indifferens (Curran) are major pests of cultivated cherries in North America and are classified as quarantine pests in Europe. The introduction and establishment of both species could result in severe problems for Austrian cherry production due to additional infestation pressure caused by overlapping developmental cycles of American and native cherry fruit flies. A survey of both non‐European cherry fruit fly species was carried out during the growing seasons of 2007 and 2008 at eleven sampling sites in the eastern part of Austria. Pherocon® AM yellow sticky traps were installed in cherry trees and replaced at weekly or fortnightly intervals. Identification of the cherry fruit flies caught was based on morphological characteristics. Two specimens of R. cingulata were caught in 2007 in different weeks and at different locations while none were caught in 2008. R. indifferens was not detected at all. While it is possible that these specimens originate from established populations with low densities, it is more likely that the catches derived from accidental introductions.
Current status of the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta in Greece
Authors: Roditakis E. , Papachristos D. , Roditakis N. E. 
Published: March 2010

The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), was recorded in Crete (Greece) for the first time in June 2009. The species was subsequently identified in various geographically distant regions in Crete, Peloponnesus and Western Greece. Damage has been reported in tomato and aubergine greenhouse crops as well as in open field tomato crops. In two cases, infestations of the indigenous lepidopteran species Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) erroneously alarmed farmers and local agronomists, as symptoms caused by the two species on tomato leaves and fruits are identical macroscopically. In collaboration with the Ministry of Rural Development and Food an official survey is under way to accurately define the extent of the T. absoluta distribution in the country, while constructing the basis for integrated management of the pest.
Snail and millipede complementarity in decomposing Mediterranean forest leaf litter mixtures
Authors: De Oliveira Tatiana , Hättenschwiler Stephan , Tanya Handa Ira 
Published: March 2010

Summary1. The projected increase in loss of biodiversity worldwide has prompted the need to understand the role that diversity plays in key ecosystem functions such as litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. Here we asked how two contrasting species of saprophagous macrofauna and four Mediterranean forest leaf litter species interactively affect decomposition in a 6‐week microcosm study.2. Litter mass loss and macrofauna relative consumption rates (RCR) were measured on treatments with freshly fallen or partially decomposed leaf litter ofAlnus glutinosa,Fraxinus angustifolia,Pistacia terebinthusandQuercus ilexas single‐species or mixtures in absence and presence of the gastropod,Pomatias elegans,the diplopod,Glomeris marginata, or both macrofauna species.3. Macrofauna consumed all litter substrates except freshly fallenP. terebinthusas a single‐species litter that was fatal to both animals, although its presence in litter mixtures increased overall RCR. Consumption was higher in partially decomposed than freshly fallen litter, and higher in litter mixtures than in single‐species litter. Both litter state and mixing interacted significantly with macrofauna treatment where generally, RCR byP. elegansalone was inferior to that ofG. marginataalone or in combination withP. elegans.4. An overall positive complementarity effect on litter RCR betweenG. marginataandP. eleganswas observed in freshly fallen litter. Particularly strong complementarity was observed in two mixtures of freshly fallen litter and also in one mixture of partially decomposed litter.5. There were no non‐additive effects of litter mixing on litter mass loss in the absence of animals, indicating no interactions among litter substrates during decomposition. However, in the presence of eitherG. marginataand/orP. elegans, positive and negative interactions among litter substrates occurred and were enhanced or reversed by the addition of the second macrofauna species.6. We conclude that saprophagous macrofauna play a critical role in the decomposition dynamics of Mediterranean forest litter by interacting with each other and by driving interactions among litter substrates.
Interactions among patch area, forest structure and water fluxes in a fog‐inundated forest ecosystem in semi‐arid Chile
Authors: Barbosa Olga , Marquet Pablo A. , Bacigalupe Leonardo D. , Christie Duncan A. , Del‐Val Ek , Gutierrez Alvaro G. , Jones Clive G. , Weathers Kathleen C. , Armesto Juan J. 
Published: March 2010

Summary1. The area or size of an ecosystem affects the acquisition, storage and redistribution of energy and matter. Patch size reduction due to natural or anthropogenic habitat loss will not only modify species distribution and patch structure but also affect the ecosystem processes that are, in part, responsible for patch persistence.2. In a fog‐dependent forest ecosystem, trees and their architectures play essential roles in capturing and redistributing water from collection surfaces. In this paper, we address the question of how forest patch size and structure interact to determine fog water inputs and storage in a fog‐inundated, coastal ecosystem in semi‐arid Chile (30°S).3. Six forest patches ranging in area from 0·2 to 36 ha on a coastal mountaintop of Fray Jorge National Park were characterized using 0·1 ha plots laid down at the centre of each forest patch. In each patch, we assessed tree basal area as a measure of forest structure, recorded daily air temperature and humidity, measured water influx from stemflow and throughfall (water that has passed through the forest canopy). Soil and litter gravimetric water contents were used as a measure of storage.4. Total tree basal area per hectare was positively related to patch area, despite some variation at the species level. Mean and maximum air temperatures inside the patches were inversely related to patch size, with maximum temperatures differing by 2 °C on average. Annual fog water capture by trees within forest patches (net throughfall) was estimated in 296·1 mm after rain flux (about 122 mm) was subtracted. Throughfall volume and patch area were uncorrelated, but stemflow volume, soil and litter water contents scaled positively with patch area, showing a functional link between water interception and ecosystem retention.5. Our study shows that ecosystem area in this mosaic of fog‐dependent temperate forest patches can modify water fluxes and storage capacity of the ecosystem. This finding has important consequences for fragmented landscapes, where large continuous forests are fragmented into smaller patches, affecting not only the persistence of species but also the continuity of critical ecosystem processes.