bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of multifibre mixture with prebiotic components on bifidobacteria and stool pH in tube-fed children
Authors: Guimber Dominique , Bourgois Béatrice , Beghin Laurent , Neuville Sébastien , Pernes Philippe , Ben Amor Kaouther , Goedhart Annemiek , Sijben John , Knol Jan , Gottrand Frédéric 
Published: August 2010

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a paediatric tube feed supplemented with a multifibre mixture on the gut microbiota and nutritional and micronutrient status of children on long-term enteral nutrition (EN). A randomised, controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial (2 × 3 months) with a washout period of 1 month was carried out. Twenty-seven children (80 % neurologically impaired) aged 11·9 (sd3·9) years, on long-term EN (4·8 (sd3·9) years) were recruited. The analyses of the children's faecal pH, microbiota along with anthropometric measures, bowel movements and markers of blood micronutrient status were made. Twenty children completed the study. A significant increase in the proportion of stool bifidobacteria (+16·6 %,P < 0·05) was observed during the multifibre period than during the fibre-free period, together with a significant reduction in stool pH (P < 0·001). Stool frequency and consistency as well as growth did not differ between the two periods. There was a significant increase (P < 0·05) in plasma ferritin at the end of the fibre-free period, but plasma ferritin levels remained within normal ranges during both periods. No diet effects on other blood parameters were observed. In conclusion, addition of a multifibre mixture with prebiotic components to paediatric EN is well tolerated, promotes bifidobacteria and reduces stool pH, indicating an improved gut health.
Population status and distribution of the Endangered yellow-margined box turtle Cuora flavomarginata in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Yi-Fu , Wu Sheng-Hai , Lin Te-En , Mao Jean-Jay , Chen Tien-Hsi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe Chelonia face an extinction crisis, particularly in Asia: unsustainable harvests, and habitat fragmentation and loss accompanying rapid urbanization and land development all pose threats to turtles. These threats are particularly acute for those species with a high commercial value such as the yellow-margined box turtle Cuora flavomarginata. Because of burgeoning demand in the food and pet markets, combined with extensive habitat loss, C. flavomarginata is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. To investigate the status and distribution of this species in Taiwan we conducted an extensive trapping survey in 2001–2008, locating a total of 527 different individuals at 23 sites. Our results show that C. flavomarginata is restricted to low-elevation forested hills. Populations in lowland areas may have been extirpated by land development. There are four clusters of localities in low-elevation primary and secondary forests, and some relatively large populations survive. However, capture success at most sites was low. In those sites where we trapped > 20 individuals, sex ratios were significantly skewed towards females and adults predominated. The most essential measure for the conservation of C. flavomarginata in Taiwan is to secure and preserve some relatively undisturbed habitats at low elevations.
The relationship between the experience of mood symptoms, expectancy judgement and a person's current concern
Authors: Reilly Elizabeth S. , Mansell Warren 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study examined expectancy judgement and current concerns in high and low depression and anxiety participants. Expectancy judgement was measured using the Personal Future Task. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). A novel scale, the Current Concerns Checklist, was developed to measure ten current concerns that were thought to relate to the most salient concerns of common Axis I disorders. Using the DASS, 19 participants were allocated to the distressed group and 17 to the non-distressed group. As hypothesized, there was a main effect for the current concern concept; participants thought of more future events regarding their current concern than their non-concern. However, the hypothesis that the distressed group would generate more negative relative to positive responses than the non-distressed group within the domain of their most prominent current concern was not supported. Future research and implications for CBT are discussed.
Regulating the conduct of urban warfare: lessons from contemporary asymmetric armed conflicts
Authors: John-Hopkins Michael 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA survey of contemporary armed conflicts indicates that major military powers are increasingly facing militarily weaker adversaries and being drawn into unconventional engagements in cities, towns, and villages. Given the asymmetry of military capabilities in such conflicts, it is submitted that higher standards of reasonableness be imposed upon military commanders of major military powers to ensure constant care for civilian populations, and furthermore that civilian populations be spared more effectively from the effects of urban warfare by applying customary law ab initio, in order to avoid gaps in protection that may arise from the premature classification of armed conflicts.
Listening Habits of iPod Users
Authors: Epstein Michael , Marozeau Jeremy , Cleveland Sandra 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
To estimate real-environment iPod listening levels for listeners in 4 environments to gain insight into whether average listeners receive dosages exceeding occupational noise exposure guidelines as a result of their listening habits.

Method
The earbud outputs of iPods were connected directly into the inputs of a digital recorder to make recordings of listening levels. These recordings were used to estimate listening levels using reference recordings made in a real ear. Recordings were made in 4 environments with a wide range of background noises: (a) a library, (b) a student center, (c) busy streets, and (d) the subway.

Results
None of the 64 listeners were estimated to exceed allowable occupational dosages, with a maximum dose of 7.57% based on Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA; 1998) methods and 10.83% based on National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH; 1998) methods.

Conclusions
All of the listeners surveyed were exposed to dosages well below OSHA and NIOSH occupational regulations. Although this does not guarantee individual safety, the results do not support the widespread concern regarding the safety of common iPod usage. However, measurements made in this study agree with the finding that iPod output can exceed safe levels and further support recommendations to monitor and limit listening volume and listening duration.
The CHAPS, SIFTER, and TAPS–R as Predictors of (C)AP Skills and (C)APD
Authors: Wilson Wayne J. , Jackson Alison , Pender Alice , Rose Carla , Wilson Jacqueline , Heine Chyrisse , Khan Asad 
Published: August 2010

PurposeIn this study, the authors investigated the relationships between 3 tests used to screen for (central) auditory processing disorder ([C]APD)—the Children’s Auditory Performance Scale (CHAPS; W. J. Smoski, M. A. Brunt, & J. C. Tannahill, 1998), the Screening Instrument for Targeting Educational Risk (SIFTER; K. Anderson, 1989), and the Test of Auditory Perceptual Skills—Revised (TAPS–R; M. Y. Gardner, 1997)—and 4 tests used to diagnostically assess for (C)APD: Low-Pass Filtered Speech (LPFS), Competing Sentences (CS), Two-Pair Dichotic Digits (DD), and Frequency Patterns With Linguistic Report (FP).MethodThe screening and diagnostic (C)APD tests results of 104 children (71 boys, 33 girls) aged 6.9–14.3 years were reviewed following their attendance at a university clinic in Brisbane, Australia.ResultsPearson’s product–moment correlation coefficient analysis showed weak (r= .22,p< .05) to moderate (r= .47,p< .01) correlations predominantly between the short-term and working memory test results of the TAPS–R and the DD and FP test results of the (C)AP test battery. Linear and binary logistic regression analyses showed a poor ability of the CHAPS, SIFTER, and TAPS–R test results to predict the individual LPFS, CS, DD, or FP test results or the overall risk for (C)APD.ConclusionThe CHAPS, SIFTER, and TAPS–R should be used to highlight concerns about a child but not to determine whether a diagnostic (C)AP assessment is particularly warranted.
Quantitative experimental comparison of single-beam, sidescan, and multibeam benthic habitat maps
Authors: Schimel Alexandre C. G. , Healy Terry R. , Johnson David , Immenga Dirk 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Schimel, A. C. G., Healy, T. R., Johnson, D., and Immenga, D. 2010. Quantitative experimental comparison of single-beam, sidescan, and multibeam benthic habitat maps. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1766–1779. Map comparison is a relatively uncommon practice in acoustic seabed classification to date, contrary to the field of land remote sensing, where it has been developed extensively over recent decades. The aim here is to illustrate the benefits of map comparison in the underwater realm with a case study of three maps independently describing the seabed habitats of the Te Matuku Marine Reserve (Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand). The maps are obtained from a QTC View classification of a single-beam echosounder (SBES) dataset, manual segmentation of a sidescan sonar (SSS) mosaic, and automatic classification of a backscatter dataset from a multibeam echosounder (MBES). The maps are compared using pixel-to-pixel similarity measures derived from the literature in land remote sensing. All measures agree in presenting the MBES and SSS maps as the most similar, and the SBES and SSS maps as the least similar. The results are discussed with reference to the potential of MBES backscatter as an alternative to SSS mosaic for imagery segmentation and to the potential of joint SBES–SSS survey for improved habitat mapping. Other applications of map-similarity measures in acoustic classification of the seabed are suggested.
Fentanyl-sparing Effect of Acetaminophen as a Mixture of Fentanyl in Intravenous Parent-/Nurse-controlled Analgesia after Pediatric Ureteroneocystostomy
Authors: Hong Jeong-Yeon , Kim Won Oak , Koo Bon Nyeo , Cho Jin Sun , Suk Eun H. , Kil Hae Keum 
Published: August 2010

Background
Although acetaminophen has been used widely and is well tolerated in children, its efficacy and safety have not been clarified when combined with an opioid in intravenous parent-/nurse-controlled postoperative analgesia.

Methods
Sixty-three children (aged 6-24 months) who had undergone elective ureteroneocystostomies were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. After the surgery, an analgesic pump was programmed to deliver fentanyl at a basal infusion rate of 0.25 microg.kg(-1).h(-1) and 0.25 microg/kg bolus after a loading dose of 0.5 microg/kg(-1). In the fentanyl-acetaminophen group, acetaminophen was coadministered as a solution mixture at a basal infusion rate of 1.5 mg.kg(-1).h(-1) and 1.5 mg/kg bolus after a loading dose of 15 mg/kg, whereas saline was administered to the fentanyl group.

Results
Postoperative pain scores were similar between the two groups. The total dose (micrograms per kilogram per day, mean+/-SD) of fentanyl at postoperative days 1 (8.3+/-3.7 vs. 18.1+/-4.6, P=0.021) and 2 (7.0+/-2.4 vs. 16.6, P=0.042) was significantly less in the fentanyl-acetaminophen group compared with that in the fentanyl group. The incidences of vomiting (16.1 vs. 56.3%, P=0.011) and sedation (9.7 vs. 46.9%, P=0.019) were significantly lower in the fentanyl-acetaminophen group than those in the fentanyl group.

Conclusions
Acetaminophen has significant fentanyl-sparing effects and reduces side effects when combined with fentanyl in intravenous parent-/nurse-controlled analgesia for postoperative pediatric pain management.
Cervical Epidural Pressure Measurement
Authors: Moon Jee Y. , Lee Pyung-Bok , Nahm Francis Sahngun , Kim Yong-Chul , Choi Jong-Bum 
Published: August 2010

Background
The hanging drop technique is used for identifying the cervical epidural space, using its negative pressure. However, it is doubtful whether the epidural space intrinsically exhibits a negative pressure. We designed this study to test the hypothesis that the cervical epidural pressure (CEP) is significantly higher in the prone position than in the sitting position. To evaluate this hypothesis, we measured and compared 30 CEP values in the prone and sitting positions.

Methods
We measured and compared 15 CEPs in the prone group and 15 in the sitting group using a closed pressure measurement system under fluoroscopic guidance.

Results
All CEPs in the prone group were consistently positive (median, 10 mmHg; range, 4.8-18.7; mean+/-SD, 10.5+/-4.4) in contrast to the sitting group (median, -0.3 mmHg; range, -2.4-7.9; mean+/-SD, 0.5+/-2.8). CEPs in the prone group were significantly higher than in the sitting group (P&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
CEP was found to be significantly higher in the prone position than in the sitting position. Furthermore, CEPs were not consistently negative even in the sitting position. These results suggest that the hanging drop technique is inappropriate for identifying the cervical epidural space in either the prone or sitting positions. Clinical Trials Ref: NCT01009385.
Characterization of a Developmental Root Response Caused by External Ammonium Supply in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Rogato Alessandra , D’Apuzzo Enrica , Barbulova Ani , Omrane Selim , Parlati Aurora , Carfagna Simona , Costa Alex , Schiavo Fiorella Lo , Esposito Sergio , Chiurazzi Maurizio 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Plants respond to changes of nutrient availability in the soil by modulating their root system developmental plan. This response is mediated by systemic changes of the nutritional status and/or by local perception of specific signals. The effect of nitrate on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root development represents a paradigm of these responses, and nitrate transporters are involved both in local and systemic control. Ammonium (NH4 +) represents an important nitrogen (N) source for plants, although toxicity symptoms are often associated with high NH4 + concentration when this is present as the only N source. The reason for these effects is still controversial, and mechanisms associating ammonium supply and plant developmental programs are completely unknown. We determined in Lotus japonicus the range of ammonium concentration that significantly inhibits the elongation of primary and lateral roots without affecting the biomass of the shoot. The comparison of the growth phenotypes in different N conditions indicated the specificity of the ammonium effect, suggesting that this was not mediated by assimilatory negative feedback mechanisms. In the range of inhibitory NH4 + conditions, only the LjAMT1;3 gene, among the members of the LjAMT1 family, showed a strong increased transcription that was reflected by an enlarged topology of expression. Remarkably, the short-root phenotype was phenocopied in transgenic lines by LjAMT1;3 overexpression independently of ammonium supply, and the same phenotype was not induced by another AMT1 member. These data describe a new plant mechanism to cope with environmental changes, giving preliminary information on putative actors involved in this specific ammonium-induced response.
Association of adolescent symptoms of depression and anxiety with daily smoking and nicotine dependence in young adulthood: findings from a 10‐year longitudinal study
Authors: McKenzie Maria , Olsson Craig A. , Jorm Anthony F. , Romaniuk Helena , Patton George C. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAims  To examine the association of adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms with daily smoking and nicotine dependence in young adulthood.Design  A prospective cohort study of adolescent and young adult health (n = 1943). Teen assessments occurred at 6‐monthly intervals, with two follow‐up assessments in young adulthood (wave 7, 1998; wave 8, 2001–03).Setting  Victoria, Australia.Participants  Students who participated at least once during the first six (adolescent) waves of the cohort study.Measurements  Adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS‐R). Young adult tobacco use was defined as: daily use (6 or 7 days per week) and dependent use (≥4 on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence).Findings  Among adolescent ‘less than daily’ smokers, those with high levels of depression and anxiety symptoms had an increased risk of reporting nicotine dependence in young adulthood [odds ratio (OR) 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–9.1] compared to young adults who had low levels of adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms, after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Similarly, in the adjusted model (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0–3.4), among adolescent ‘daily’ smokers, those with high levels of depression and anxiety symptoms had an almost two‐fold increase in the odds of reporting nicotine dependence in young adulthood compared to young adults with low levels of adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms.Conclusions  Adolescent smokers with depression and anxiety symptoms are at increased risk for nicotine dependence into young adulthood. They warrant vigilance from primary care providers in relation to tobacco use well into adulthood.
Studies on the bovine lymphocyte antigens and the production of lymphocytotoxic antibodies by parous cattle
Authors: Dufty J. H. , Outteridge P. M. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryStudies were carried out to determine the time of appearance, frequency, titre and specificity of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in the plasma of parous Hereford cattle. Cytotoxic antibody was first detected in a small proportion (3162 = 4.8%) of primigravid cattle during the last third of pregnancy. Titres were low (neat or 1 in 2) at this time and decreased in one animal so that antibodies were not detectable in samples obtained on the day of calving or 9 days beforehand.Following parturition, the proportion of primiparous cattle producing lymphocytotoxic antibodies increased markedly and reached a maximum value (8/19 = 42.1 %) during the third month post partum. Antibody levels also rose over the same period. An increase in the parity of the dam also resulted in an increase in the proportion of cattle with lymphocytotoxic plasma. These antibodies appeared earlier in pregnancy, were at a higher titre and had a wider specificity than those found in primigravida.Non‐foetally stimulated antibody was detected in 4 cattle. In one plasma sample, lymphocytotoxic activity was present prior to mating, and in the 3 others it was not directed against cells from either the bull to which the dam was mated or the calf produced by the sire and dam.
Phase I trial of bortezomib in combination with rituximab‐HyperCVAD alternating with rituximab, methotrexate and cytarabine for untreated aggressive mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Romaguera Jorge E. , Fayad Luis E. , McLaughlin Peter , Pro Barbara , Rodriguez Alma , Wang Michael , Weaver Pamela , Hartig Kimberly , Kwak Larry W. , Feldman Tatyana , Smith Judy , Ford Peggy , Goldberg Stuart , Pecora Andrew , Goy Andre 
Published: August 2010

SummaryMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) outcomes have improved over the last two decades; however, late relapses occur. Bortezomib has shown single agent activity of 33% in relapsed MCL and has an additive/synergistic effect in vitro when combined with drugs currently used to treat MCL. We hypothesized that a combination of bortezomib with current intense non‐transplant chemoimmunotherapy might prevent late relapses. The toxicity of bortezomib when combined with methotrexate and cytarabine is unknown. Patients aged 18–79 years with untreated aggressive MCL were treated with R‐HyperCVAD (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone) alternating with rituximab‐methotrexate/cytarabine (R‐M/A). Bortezomib was added to the R‐Hyper‐CVAD combination as a fixed dose of 1·3 mg/m2 IV on days 2 and 5 and was added to the R‐M/A regimen after rituximab, in increasing doses of 0·7, 1, and 1·3 mg/m2 in cohorts of three patients. Twenty patients were assessed for toxicity of the regimen. The principal toxicity was haematological and did not differ from that observed with a similar regimen without the bortezomib. In particular, there was no pulmonary or neurological dose‐limiting toxicity, showing that bortezomib can be safely combined with R‐HyperCVAD and R‐M/A.
In vitroactivation of peripheral mononuclear cells by zinc in HIV-infected patients and healthy controls
Authors: HARRER T , WOLF B , NÄGER W , SCHWARZ W , BERGNER D , KALDEN J R 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYZinc is a mitogen for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The optimal mitogenic concentration was found to be 0.05 mmol/l (327 μg/dl), four times higher than physiological serum levels. Maximal proliferation was observed after 6 days. Limited dilution technique revealed a frequency of zinc reactive cells of 1:3467 (median; range 1:1628–1:6235). Cord blood mononuclear cells from four of six healthy children could be stimulated to proliferate by zinc. A normal zinc-induced proliferative response could be demonstrated in all six HIV-infected patients in the Walter-Reed-stage I, in nine of 11 patients in Walter-Reed II and in only two of five patients in Waller-Reed III. In Walter-Reed IV to VI all eight patients showed a weak response to zinc (&lt;50% of the healthy day control). Decreased zinc serum levels were found in 10 of 28 patients and in one of 16 controls. There was a significant correlation of a diminished zinc-induced proliferation with lower serum levels of zinc and a reduced proportion of CD4 helper cells in HIV-1-infected men. Because of a suppression of mitogenesis by high dose of zinc an excessive intake of zinc as used by some HIV-1-infected patients can presently not be recommended. The value of zinc-induced proliferation for monitoring HIV-infected patients has still to be established.
T lymphocyte adhesion to fibronectin (FN): a possible mechanism for T cell accumulation in the rheumatoid joint
Authors: RODRIGUEZ R M , PITZALIS C , KINGSLEY G H , HENDERSON E , HUMPHRIES M J , PANAYI G S 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe accumulation of T cells within the joint is responsible for the perpetuation of synovitis. This process is partly regulated by selective binding to endothelium. However, adhesion to extra-cellular matrix proteins, like FN, may also be important. FN binding is mediated by certain members of the VLA (β1 intrgrin) family of proteins. To investigate the role of Tc-FN interactions in synovitis the binding of synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood (PB) T cells to FN-coaled wells, and the expression of cell surface VLA molecules on these cells by double label immunofluorescence, were studied. SF T cells bound better to FN than PB T cells. VLAα4 and VLAβ1 but not VLAα5 were up-regulated on SF compared with PB T cells. Anti-VLAα4, VLAβ1 and VLAα5 MoAbs inhibited the binding of SF T cells to FN. The increased binding of SF T cells to FN could have been related to activation and/or to their predominantly memory phenotype. Purified resting memory or naive T cells bound poorly to FN. In contrast, compared with SF T cells, concanavalin A-activated T cells showed a very similar level of binding to FN, comparable expression of VLA molecules and the same pattern of inhibition of binding to FN by MoAbs. Thus, VLA molecules may play an important role in the retention of T cells in the joint and since T cells can be activated via VLA-FN interactions, this mechanism may perpetuate chronic inflammation.