bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Knowledge Strategies of Temporary Cluster Organizers: A Longitudinal Study of the EU Fabric Industry Trade Shows (1986–2006)
Authors: Rinallo Diego , Golfetto Francesca 
Published: August 2011

abstractTrade shows and other temporary clusters have recently emerged as key sites of theoretical relevance for scholars who are interested in the spatial consequences of interactive learning. Recent research has viewed these events as relational spaces in which countless actors interact and learn spontaneously without a central actor governing the process. In the case of permanent clusters, however, studies have started to unpack the practices through which key actors, such as entrepreneurial and professional associations, stimulate learning and interaction. In this article, we hold that these central subjects also have an important role in activating the benefits of colocalization with regard to temporary clusters. In an empirical study of the European Union clothing fabric trade shows between 1986 and 2006, we identified four types of practices through which trade show organizers shape learning and interaction at their events. Contrary to current views, our study found that exchanges of knowledge at these events do not always occur at the global level. Instead, the geographic scale of the processes of exchanging and acquiring knowledge in temporary clusters is socially and politically constructed at several levels—from the merely local to the truly global. We also found that organizers of trade shows facilitate vertical relationships between exhibitors and typical visitors (i.e., buyers), whereas other knowledge flows are neglected or even hindered. We conclude this article by highlighting the theoretical implications of our study for the literature on the spatial consequences of interaction and innovation.
Determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in young people: a review and quality synthesis of prospective studies
Authors: Uijtdewilligen Léonie , Nauta Joske , Singh Amika S , van Mechelen Willem , Twisk Jos W R , van der Horst Klazine , Chinapaw Mai J M 
Published: August 2011

Objective The aim of this systematic review was to summarise and update the existing literature on determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in young people, considering the methodological quality of the studies.MethodsProspective studies were identified from searches in PubMed and PsycINFO, from April 2004 through November 2010. The authors included studies investigating the association between determinants of overall physical (in)activity and/or sedentary behaviour in healthy children or adolescents. When a determinant was investigated for its association with physical (in)activity and sedentary behaviour assessed between ages of 4–12, or mean age ≤12, it was classified as ‘child determinant’. When a determinant was investigated for its association with physical activity and sedentary behaviour assessed between ages of 13–18 or mean age >12, it was classified as ‘adolescent determinant’. Included articles were scored on their methodological quality and a best-evidence synthesis was applied to summarise the results.ResultsThe authors identified 30 papers, of which seven were of high methodological quality. Intention was found as a determinant of children's physical activity. Determinants of adolescents' physical activity were age (ie, older children were more active), ethnicity (ie, being of African–American descent determined being less physically active) and planning. The authors found insufficient evidence for determinants of sedentary behaviour.ConclusionStudies on determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour were in general of poor methodological quality. To develop long-term effective interventions that increase physical activity and decrease time spent in sedentary behaviours in young people, we need more high quality prospective evidence on the determinants of these behaviours.
Aerobic fitness and its relationship to sport, exercise training and habitual physical activity during youth
Authors: Armstrong Neil , Tomkinson Grant , Ekelund Ulf 
Published: August 2011

AimTo analyse aerobic fitness and its relationship with sport participation, exercise training and habitual physical activity (HPA) during youth.MethodsStudies were located through computer searches of Medline, SPORT Discus and personal databases. Systematic reviews of time trends in aerobic fitness/performance, and exercise training and peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) are reported.ResultsPeak VO2increases with age and maturation. Boys' peak VO2is higher than girls'. Despite data showing a decrease in performance test estimates of aerobic fitness there is no compelling evidence to suggest that young people have low levels of peak VO2or that it is declining over time. The primary time constant of the VO2kinetics response to moderate and heavy intensity exercise slows with age and the VO2kinetics response to heavy intensity exercise is faster in boys. There is a negative correlation between lactate threshold as a percentage of peak VO2and age but differences related to maturation or sex remain to be proven. Young athletes have higher peak VO2, a faster primary time constant and accumulate less blood lactate at the same relative exercise intensity than their untrained peers. Young people can increase their peak VO2through exercise training but a meaningful relationship between aerobic fitness and HPA has not been demonstrated.ConclusionsDuring youth the responses of the components of aerobic fitness vary in relation to age, maturation and sex. Exercise training will enhance aerobic fitness but a relationship between young people's current HPA and aerobic fitness remains to be proven.
Premedications for infliximab infusions do not impact the risk of acute adverse drug reactions
Authors: Ducharme James , Pelletier Cindy , Zacharias Ramesh 
Published: August 2011

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify the association of premedication with the adverse drug reaction (ADR) rate in infliximab infusions.DesignA retrospective chart review of 684 patients who received 4077 infusions in a network of community clinics over 16.5 months. Data collected included age, weight, sex, diagnosis, dose, premedications and ADR information, which was coded for time of onset, severity and outcome.SettingCommunity infusion clinics located in Ontario, Canada.PatientsPatients aged 12–91 years who receive regular infliximab infusions to treat their autoimmune condition, mainly either Crohn's disease or rheumatoid arthritis.Main outcome measuresThe number of infusions to the occurrence of an acute ADR by presence of premedication.ResultsADRs are not significantly different (χ2(1, n=644, p=0.651)=0.204) between those who always received premedications and those who never did. When controlling for age, sex, weight and diagnosis, patients receiving premedications were just as likely to experience an ADR as patients who never received any (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.9, p=0.5). When assessing the number of infusions to the occurrence of an ADR using the Kaplan–Meier method, no significant difference was found between the two groups.ConclusionsThe use of premedications is not associated with a decreased risk of ADR in patients receiving infliximab. This held true for patients who had never had an ADR prior to receiving premedications and while controlling for age, sex, weight and diagnosis.
Immunohistochemical expression of keratan sulfate: a possible diagnostic marker for carcinomas of the female genital tract
Authors: Miyamoto Tsutomu , Ishii Keiko , Asaka Ryouichi , Suzuki Akihisa , Takatsu Akiko , Kashima Hiroyasu , Shiozawa Tanri 
Published: August 2011

AimsThe authors previously reported the expression of keratan sulfate (KS), a glycosaminoglycan, in the epithelium of normal and neoplastic endometria. The aim of this study was to evaluate its potential use as a diagnostic marker, and the expression of KS was investigated in other human epithelial tissues.MethodsExpression was examined immunohistochemically using 102 samples of normal epithelia and 110 samples of carcinomas from the female genital tract (FGT; cervix, endometrium, ovary, fallopian tube), digestive organs (gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver), urinary tract, lung, mammary gland, thyroid and mesothelium.ResultsIn normal tissues, KS was consistently detected in the FGT and ectopic endometrium (25/26), but was not found in the digestive organs (1/42) and urinary tract (0/6), and was only partly detected in the lung (7/10), mammary gland (3/9) and thyroid (4/4). In malignant tissues, KS was consistently observed in carcinomas of the endometrium, ovary and fallopian tube (29/32), and was partly detected in carcinomas of the lung, mammary gland, thyroid, pancreas and mesothelium, but was absent in carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract (0/17), liver (0/5) and urinary tract (0/11). Among carcinomas of the FGT, digestive organs and urinary tract, KS positivity suggested the possibility of FGT carcinomas, with 79.5% (31/39) sensitivity and 92.9% (39/42) specificity.ConclusionsKS is a potentially useful marker for the supportive diagnosis of the primary site of metastatic carcinomas or unknown primary carcinomas, especially in the abdominal cavity.
Performance of the Iris iQ®200 Elite analyser in the cell counting of serous effusion fluids and cerebrospinal drainage fluids
Authors: Goubard A , Marzouk M , Canoui-Poitrine F , Launay S , Le Thuaut A , Legrand P 
Published: August 2011

AimsEvaluation of the Iris iQ®200 Elite analyser, initially designed for urinary cell counting, for the analysis of biological fluids (serous effusion fluids and cerebrospinal drainage fluids) and comparison of its performance with that of the manual microscopic method.MethodsRoutine samples (ascite fluids, pleural fluids and cerebrospinal fluids) were evaluated in terms of red blood cells and nucleated elements using the iQ®200 analyser and the manual method. The authors compared the reliability, repeatability and speed of the two techniques. In addition, the authors assessed the contribution of two different sample dilution processes to the improvement of iQ®200 analyser cytological results.ResultsVery good agreements were found between the two methods and between the two sample dilution processes. Regarding the repeatability, the coefficients of variation obtained with the iQ200 were slightly higher than those obtained by the manual method. Besides, the difference in the speed of the two methods was not significantly different for series with <10 samples.ConclusionsThe Iris iQ®200 Elite analyser has allowed us to obtain reliable results, equivalent to that of the manual method, for cell enumeration in biological fluids. Although the speed of this instrument needs to be improved for larger series of samples, it enables standardised and objective cytological results to be obtained and represents an alternative to the usual manual microscopic method. Moreover, automation of such analyses permits saving of technician time.
Multimodality treatment of a ruptured grade IV posterior fossa arteriovenous malformation in a patient pregnant with twins: case report
Authors: Dashti Shervin R , Spalding Aaron C , Yao Tom L 
Published: August 2011

IntroductionBrain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) account for a significant percentage of brain hemorrhages in pregnant patients. There is general consensus that ruptured AVMs in pregnant women should be managed based on neurosurgical rather than obstetric considerations. Since the risk of re-hemorrhage is significantly higher in the pregnant patient with a ruptured AVM, aggressive treatment during pregnancy must be considered if this can be accomplished with acceptable risk. Recent advances in endovascular technology have increased the potential for successful treatment of previously inoperable high-grade AVMs.Case reportA 17-year-old woman pregnant with twins experienced sudden onset headache and became unresponsive at 20 weeks gestation. A CT scan of the head showed cerebellar hemorrhage and obstructive hydrocephalus. Cerebral angiography showed a 5.5 cm AVM in the cerebellar vermis with deep drainage for a Spetzler Martin grade IV classification. Extensive two-stage Onyx embolization with complete casting of the nidus was performed. The patient delivered healthy twin girls at 36 weeks gestation by a planned cesarean section. This was followed by surgical resection of the AVM 4 months later with minimal blood loss. A follow-up angiogram showed no evidence of AVM recurrence 3 months after surgical resection. Her balance was significantly improved and she walked unassisted. She had mild cerebellar speech. Her twin girls are progressing normally.ConclusionExtensive endovascular Onyx embolization is feasible in the setting of a ruptured high-grade AVM during pregnancy. The rationale for proceeding with treatment is the perceived higher likelihood of re-hemorrhage from such a lesion.
Exposure to tobacco smoke before and after a partial smoking ban in prison: indoor air quality measures
Authors: Ritter Catherine , Huynh Cong Khanh , Etter Jean-François , Elger Bernice S 
Published: August 2011

Although exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is reportedly high in prison, few studies have measured this in the prison environment, and none have done so in Europe. We measured two indicators of SHS exposure (particulate matter PM10 and nicotine) in fixed locations before (2009) and after (2010) introduction of a partial smoking ban in a Swiss prison. Access to smoking cessation support was available to detainees throughout the study.ObjectivesTo measure SHS before and after the introduction of a partial smoking ban.MethodsAssessment of particulate matter PM10 (suspended microparticles of 10 μm) and nicotine in ambient air, collected by real-time aerosol monitor and nicotine monitoring devices.ResultsThe authors observed a significant improvement of nicotine concentrations in the air after the introduction of the smoking ban (before: 7.0 μg/m3, after: 2.1 μg/m3, difference 4.9 μg/m3, 95% CI for difference: 0.52 to 9.8, p=0.03) but not in particulate matter PM10 (before: 0.11 mg/m3, after: 0.06 mg/m3, difference 0.06 mg/m3, 95% CI for difference of means: −0.07 to 0.19, p=0.30).ConclusionsThe partial smoking ban was followed by a decrease in nicotine concentrations in ambient air. These improvements can be attributed to the introduction of the smoking ban since no other policy change occurred during this period. Although this shows that concentrations of SHS decreased significantly, protection was still incomplete and further action is necessary to improve indoor air quality.
OPINIONS MANIPULATION: MEDIA, POWER AND GOSSIP
Authors: QUATTROCIOCCHI WALTER , CONTE ROSARIA , LODI ELENA 
Published: August 2011

Despite the increasing diffusion of the Internet technology, TV remains the principal medium of communication. People's perceptions, knowledge, beliefs and opinions about matters of fact get (in)formed through the information reported on by the media. However, a single source of information (and consensus) could be a potential cause of anomalies in the structure and evolution of a society. Hence, as the information available (and the way it is reported) is fundamental for our perceptions and opinions, the definition of conditions allowing for a good information to be disseminated is a pressing challenge. In this paper starting from a report on the last Italian political campaign in 2008, we derive a socio-cognitive computational model of opinion dynamics where agents get informed by different sources of information. Then, a what-if analysis, performed through simulations on the model's parameters space, is shown. In particular, the scenario implemented includes three main streams of information acquisition, differing in both the contents and the perceived reliability of the messages spread. Agents' internal opinion is updated either by accessing one of the information sources, namely media and experts, or by exchanging information with one another. They are also endowed with cognitive mechanisms to accept, reject or partially consider the acquired information.
Comparison of Increased Aromatase versus ERα in the Generation of Mammary Hyperplasia and Cancer
Authors: Díaz-Cruz Edgar S. , Sugimoto Yasuro , Gallicano G. Ian , Brueggemeier Robert W. , Furth Priscilla A. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Factors associated with increased estrogen synthesis increase breast cancer risk. Increased aromatase and estrogen receptor α (ERα) in both normal epithelium and ductal carcinoma in situ lesions are found in conjunction with breast cancer, leading to the idea that altered estrogen signaling pathways predispose the mammary gland to cancer development. Here, we developed a transgenic mouse that conditionally expresses aromatase in the mammary gland, and used it along with a deregulated ERα expression model to investigate the molecular pathways involved in the development of mammary gland preneoplasia and carcinoma. Both increased ERα and aromatase expression led to the development of preneoplasia, but increased preneoplasia, in addition to carcinoma, was found in aromatase overexpressing mice. Increased prevalence of mammary pathologic changes in mice expressing aromatase correlated with increased cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 expression. Gain of both ERα and aromatase increased expression of ERα and progesterone receptor, but aromatase produced a higher increase than ERα, accompanied by higher levels of downstream target genes Ccnd1, Myc, and Tnfsf11. In summary, whereas gain of both ERα and aromatase activate abnormal growth pathways in the mammary gland, aromatase induced a wider range of abnormalities that was associated with a higher prevalence of mammary preneoplasia and cancer progression. Cancer Res; 71(16); 5477–87. ©2011 AACR.
Curcumin Modulates MicroRNA-203–Mediated Regulation of the Src-Akt Axis in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Saini Sharanjot , Arora Sumit , Majid Shahana , Shahryari Varahram , Chen Yi , Deng Guoren , Yamamura Soichiro , Ueno Koji , Dahiya Rajvir 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Bladder cancer is often associated with recurrence and progression to invasive metastatic disease that have palliative therapeutic options. The use of traditional chemotherapeutic agents for bladder cancer management often suffers from toxicity and resistance concerns. This emphasizes the need for development of safer, natural, nontoxic compounds as chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive agents. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a natural compound that has been known to possess anticancer properties in various cancers, including bladder cancer. However, the biological targets of curcumin are not well defined. Recently, it has been proposed that curcumin may mediate epigenetic modulation of expression of microRNAs (miRNA). In this article, we define for the first time, that curcumin directly induces a tumor-suppressive miRNA, miR-203, in bladder cancer. miR-203 is frequently downregulated in bladder cancer due to DNA hypermethylation of its promoter. We studied the functional significance of miR-203 in bladder cancer cell lines and found that miR-203 has tumor suppressive properties. Also, we define Akt2 and Src as novel miR-203 targets in bladder cancer. Curcumin induces hypomethylation of the miR-203 promoter and subsequent upregulation of miR-203 expression. This leads to downregulation of miR-203 target genes Akt2 and Src that culminates in decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. This is the first report that shows a direct effect of curcumin on inducing epigenetic changes at a miRNA promoter with direct biological consequences. Our study suggests that curcumin may offer a therapeutic advantage in the clinical management of refractory bladder cancer over other standard treatment modalities. Cancer Prev Res; 4(10); 1698–709. ©2011 AACR.
Associations between Oral HPV16 Infection and Cytopathology: Evaluation of an Oropharyngeal “Pap-Test Equivalent” in High-Risk Populations
Authors: Fakhry Carole , Rosenthal Barbara T. , Clark Douglas P. , Gillison Maura L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for the rising incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (OSCC) in the United States, and yet, no screening strategies have been evaluated. Secondary prevention by means of HPV detection and cervical cytology has led to a decline in cervical cancer incidence in the United States. Here, we explored an analogous strategy by evaluating associations between HPV16 infection, cytopathology, and histopathology in two populations at elevated risk for OSCCs. In the first, a cross-sectional study population (PAP1), cytology specimens were collected by means of brush biopsy from patients presenting with oropharyngeal abnormalities. In the second (PAP2), a nested case–control study, bilateral tonsillar cytology samples were collected at 12-month intervals from HIV-infected individuals. The presence of cytopathologic abnormality in HPV16-positive tonsil brush biopsies (cases) was compared with HPV16-negative samples (controls) matched on age and gender. HPV16 was detected in samples by consensus primer PCR and/or type-specific PCR. Univariate logistic regression was used to evaluate associations. In PAP1, HPV16 alone (OR: 6.1, 95% CI: 1.6–22.7) or in combination with abnormal cytology (OR: 20, 95% CI: 4.2–95.4) was associated with OSCC. In PAP2, 4.7% (72 of 1,524) of tonsillar cytology specimens from HIV-infected individuals without oropharyngeal abnormalities were HPV16 positive. Tonsillar HPV16 infection was not associated with atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASCUS), the only cytologic abnormality identified. Therefore, HPV16 was associated with OSCCs among individuals with accessible oropharyngeal lesions but not with cytologic evidence of dysplasia among high-risk individuals without such lesions. An oropharyngeal Pap-test equivalent may not be feasible, likely due to limitations in sampling the relevant tonsillar crypt epithelium. Cancer Prev Res; 4(9); 1378–84. ©2011 AACR.