bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language in Schizophrenia Part 2: What Can Psycholinguistics Bring to the Study of Schizophrenia…and Vice Versa?
Authors: Kuperberg Gina R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis is the second of two articles that discuss higher‐order language and semantic processing in schizophrenia. The companion article (Part 1) gives an introduction to language dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. This article reviews a selection of psycholinguistic studies which suggest that sentence‐level abnormalities in schizophrenia may stem from a relative overdependence on semantic associative relationships at the expense of building higher‐order meaning. Language disturbances in schizophrenia may be best conceptualized as arising from an imbalance of activity across two streams of processing, one directly drawing upon relationships stored within semantic memory and the other involving the use of combinatorial mechanisms to build propositional meaning. This article also discusses some of the ways in which the study of schizophrenia may offer new insights into the cognitive and neural architecture of the normal language system.
Language of the Aging Brain: Event‐Related Potential Studies of Comprehension in Older Adults
Authors: Wlotko Edward W. , Lee Chia‐Lin , Federmeier Kara D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNormal aging brings increased richness in knowledge and experience as well as declines in cognitive abilities. Event‐related brain potential (ERP) studies of language comprehension corroborate findings showing that the structure and organization of semantic knowledge remains relatively stable with age. Highlighting the advantages of the temporal and functional specificity of ERPs, this survey focuses on age‐related changes in higher‐level processes required for the successful comprehension of meaning representations built from multiple words. Older adults rely on different neural pathways and cognitive processes during normal, everyday comprehension, including a shift away from the predictive use of sentential context, differential recruitment of neural resources, and reduced engagement of controlled processing. Within age groups, however, there are important individual differences that, for example, differentiate a subset of older adults whose processing patterns more closely resemble that of young adults, providing a window into cognitive skills and abilities that may mediate or moderate age‐related declines.
Statistics and the Modern Student
Authors: Gould Robert 
Published: August 2010

RésuméLes cours d’initiation à la statistique ont traditionellement visé les consomammateurs de la statistique avec l’intention de produire une population capable de faire une analyse critique des statistiques élémentaires publiées. Plus récemment, les professeurs de la statistique ont tenté d’orienter les cours d’initiation vers des données réelles, afin de motiver les élèves d’un part, et de créer un cours plus pertinent d’autre part. Le succès de cette approche repose sur une provision de données que les étudiants considèrent comme réels et pertinents. Cependent, les étudiants modernes ont une vision des données qui est différente de celle qu’ont eu les élèves d’il y a 10 ou même 5 ans. Les cours modernes de statistique doivent s’adapter au fait que la première rencontre des élèves aux données a lieu en dehors de l’académie.
SURGICAL RATES IN THE STATISTICAL DIVISIONS OF QUEENSLAND, 1973–1975
Authors: Schacht Paul J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThis paper presents some of the results of a study of some selected surgical procedures in Queensland for the three‐year period 1973 to 1975. The data show a notable variation in rates among the residents of the various Statistical Divisions of the State. There is, also, for each operation, a statistically significant variation of some Divisional rates from the State rate. Some interpretations are made.
A PERSPECTIVE OF THE CANCER PROBLEM IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA
Authors: Bonett Anton , Roder David , MacHarper Tony 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe South Australian cancer problem is described using data notified to the State Cancer Registry. Patterns of incidence and mortality are described for both sexes and various cancer types.About 5,410 South Australians (0.4%) are likely to be experiencing an intense need for cancer‐related services either because of recently diagnosed disease or imminent cancer death. The crude prevalence of cancer cases will tend to increase by about a quarter in South Australia in response to demographic changes in the last 15 years of this century. The extent to which this increase may be modified by age‐sex‐specific trends in the incidence of various cancers is important and is the subject of a further study.
LIMITATIONS OF TELEPHONE BASED SELECTION AND INTERVIEW PROCEDURES
Authors: Gliksman M. D. , Wlodarcyzk J. , Heller R. F. , Kinlay J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe use of telephone based sampling and interview techniques has become more popular in epidemiological research in recent years. Previous studies of these designs have shown good response rates and reliability of information which is comparable to that obtained from the use of mail and personal interview.This paper reports on the results of a pilot study, designed to examine the possible limitations of the use of telephone interviews, in population based studies in Australia. The findings show that as many as 31 per cent of people listed on the Federal electoral rolls in the Hunter Valley region of New South Wales may be inaccessible to interview by telephone, and that these people differ from those who are accessible on a number of important socioeconomic and health indicators.The potential biases introduced by telephone surveys should be considered and explored by those wishing to use them.
SMOKING PREVALENCE, INTENTIONS AND KNOWLEDGE OF HEALTH RISK. RESULTS FROM A NEW SOUTH WALES SCHOOL SURVEY
Authors: Chapman Simon , Homel Peter 
Published: August 2010

AbstractData from a 1983 survey of 4265 school students are presented. Girls smoked more than boys in all but one age group; 45 per cent of current smokers stated they did not intend stopping; 12 per cent of non‐smokers believed that they would take it up; 67.5 per cent of students overestimated the number of people who smoke; and only 7.8 per cent of students correctly rated tobacco as the drug that causes the greatest number of deaths from a list of different recreational drugs. A case is argued for health education efforts which place greater emphasis on the health consequences of smoking than is currently fashionable in many health education efforts.
PHARMACEUTICAL PROMOTION IN NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Lexchin Joel 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPharmaceutical companies currently spend over $17 million annually in New Zealand promoting their products with the aim of increasing sales and therefore profits. Although the industry has a code regulating advertising, the code is both weak and voluntary and is routinely violated. Increasingly, pharmaceutical companies are funding medical conferences, continuing medical education and clinical trials. While these activities sometimes contribute to furthering practitioners' education, often they are merely promotional exercises. The companies have also taken to promoting their products through the public media. Detailers' expenses account for over 60 per cent of all promotional spending, but their activities are not subject to any regulation. Advertisements in journals routinely leave out significant prescribing information and also violate provisions of the industry's code. Although the industry claims that the information transmitted in advertising helps promote better prescribing there is disturbing evidence that New Zealand practitioners are overly dependent on the pharmaceutical industry for information about medicines and that this dependence has led to less appropriate prescribing. Reforms to the promotional practices are unlikely to come from either the medical profession or the government. The most hopeful avenue of reform lies in the growing consumer movement, both within New Zealand and internationally.
WORK SATISFACTION, UNIONISM AND MILITANCY AMONGST NURSES
Authors: Arch Maureen , Graetz Brian 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn recent years there has been a substantial increase in attitudinal and industrial militancy amongst nurses. This paper examines some of the factors associated with this change, in the context of the 50‐day strike by Victorian nurses in late 1986. Using data collected from 125 nurses in a large public hospital in Melbourne, it is shown that dissatisfaction with the levels of autonomy, pay and intrinsic work rewards were of greatest concern to nurses at that time, and contributed to their growing unrest and attitundinal militancy. This suggests that measures such as professionalisation and salary restructuring may help to alleviate some of the grievances of nurses, but are unlikely to resolve other important issues that contribute to their discontent.
THIAMIN IN BEER: A HEALTH PROMOTION PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Binns Colin W. , Carruthers Susan J. , Howat Peter A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWemicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a serious disease resulting from excessive alcohol intake. As well as the disastrous consequences for the individual, patients with WE place a heavy burden for continuing care on the community. Australia appears to have a higher rate of WE than other western countries, probably due to differences in the consumption patterns of alcoholic beverages. Unlike most other western countries, Australia does not fortify flour with thiamin. On the other hand the USA does fortify flour and has higher thiamin intakes and lower rates of WE.In Australia it has been proposed that thiamin be added to alcoholic beverages. Given that technical problems related to stability, taste and absorption can be solved, the fortification of a substance which is potentially harmful, raises serious problems for health educators. The labeling of alcoholic beverages as ‘vitamin enriched’ could result in changes in the community's beliefs about alcohol and in increased alcohol consumption.The nutrition and education implications of this proposal are discussed. The conclusion is drawn that Australia should follow the example of other western countries and fortify flour with thiamin.
Proceedings of the Special Meeting of the Geological Society Held at the Library of the National Geological Survey, Peiping on Nov. 3rd 1931, at 3 P. M.
Authors: Wong W. H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDuring the season of 1928 an immature Sinanthropus jaw specimen (from Locus B) and an adult jaw fragment (from Locus A) were recovered from the Main Deposit at Chou Kou Tien. These specimens have already been briefly described before this Society but preparation work has now advanced on the Locus B specimen to a point where the continuity of the whole of the right side of the jaw is apparent. (lantern slide)
ENCLAVES DES ROCHES CRISTALLINES DU NORD‐OUEST DU PLATEAU CENTRAL FRANCAIS*
Authors: Kieh Par Yang 
Published: August 2010

ResumeAu Nord‐Ouest du Plateau Central francais on rencontre fréquemment, dans les granites à biotite, des enclaves qui sont beaucoup moins abondantes dans les autres roches éruptives. Ces enclaves présentent presque toujours des caractères différents de ceux de roches encaissants. Elles paraissent généralement très foncées et à grain fin, leur composition minéralogique semble plus basique. Il y a en effet, en quantité de la biotite ou de la hornblende.On peut lithologiquement conclure que les enclaves des granites ressemblent à la diorite quartzique, sauf celles de granite de Huriel des Trillers qui se rapprochent de la syénite, de la diorite et du gabbro. Les enclaves des granulites ont un aspect très micacé et plus ou moins schisteux, celles des grano‐diorites, des diorites quartziques et des diorites présentent, des analogies avec la diorite ou l'amphibolite. Le grands blocs contenus dans lea gneiss du Pont Noir possédent la même apparence, de ces denières.
John Stuart Webb, FREng, and Applied Geochemistry at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London
Authors: Howarth Richard J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

The life and work of the pioneering applied geochemist, Professor John Stuart Webb (1920–2007), FREng, founder and long-time Director of the Geochemical Prospecting Research Centre (1954–63) and Applied Geochemistry Research Group (1963–79), and Senior Research Fellow until 1988 is reviewed. The work began with his recognition of geochemical provinces as the key to location of areas which might contain mineral deposits, initially recognized in New Brunswick, proven in Zambia and Sierra Leone. The initial focus of the work was on mineral exploration but, with the passage of time, it broadened to embrace: multi-purpose geochemical mapping; agricultural and environmental geochemistry; the publishing of pioneering regional geochemical atlases of Zambia (

Webb
et al
. 1964
a

), Derbyshire (

Nichol
et al
. 1970
b

), Denbighshire (

Nichol
et al
. 1970
b

), Devon and North Cornwall (

Nichol
et al
. 1971

), Northern Ireland (

Webb
et al
. 1973

) and England and Wales (

Webb
et al
. 1978

); applied marine geochemistry (especially the investigation of metalliferous brines and manganese nodules); and urban geochemistry. Over 100 students have now graduated with higher degrees from the school which Webb began, to apply the techniques in industry, geological surveys, or to train a new generation of exploration and environmental geochemists around the world. Sadly, the recognition which he well deserved was much greater abroad than in his home country. Following his retirement, research in environmental and marine geochemistry continued to prosper for another 20 years.

Supplementary material:
A complete list of all GPRC/AGRG publications, plus the few AGRG ‘Technical Communications’ not concerned with analytical methods, is given in Supplementary Appendix 1; of Technical Communications on analytical methods in Supplementary Appendix 2; of GPRC/AGRG theses in Supplementary Appendix 3; and of technical personnel in Supplementary Appendix 4. All are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18422.
Analytical methodology in the Applied Geochemistry Research Group (1950–1988) at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London
Authors: Thompson Michael 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT
This paper reviews the development of analytical methodology in the Applied Geochemistry Research Group (AGRG), during its lifetime from 1950 to 1988 and by scientists remaining at Imperial College after the Group's disbanding. This period encompasses a time in which extraordinary advances in electronics and computing technology revolutionized analytical science and, correspondingly, the scope of applied geochemistry. The analytical requirements of applied geochemistry were such that new ideas were eagerly sought and exploited and, as a consequence, the AGRG was often in the forefront of these developments. After the AGRG was disbanded and the analytical staff dispersed, the impetus of these changes was carried into other fields. As an outcome, the philosophy that evolved in the early days of AGRG is now, in a developed form, influencing analytical chemists and their customers over a variety of application sectors much broader than geochemistry.

Supplementary material:
Results of chemical analysis on geochemical field courses are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18427.
KRAB Zinc Finger Protein ZNF382 Is a Proapoptotic Tumor Suppressor That Represses Multiple Oncogenes and Is Commonly Silenced in Multiple Carcinomas
Authors: Cheng Yingduan , Geng Hua , Cheng Suk Hang , Liang Pei , Bai Yan , Li Jisheng , Srivastava Gopesh , Ng Margaret H.L. , Fukagawa Tatsuo , Wu Xiushan , Chan Anthony T.C. , Tao Qian 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Zinc finger transcription factors are involved broadly in development and tumorigenesis. Here, we report that the little studied zinc finger transcription factor ZNF382 functions as a tumor suppressor in multiple carcinomas. Although broadly expressed in normal tissues, ZNF382 expression was attenuated in multiple carcinoma cell lines due to promoter CpG methylation. ZNF382 was also frequently methylated in multiple primary tumors (nasopharyngeal, esophageal, colon, gastric, and breast). Ectopic expression of ZNF382 in silenced tumor cells significantly inhibited their clonogenicity and proliferation and induced apoptosis. We further found that ZNF382 inhibited NF-κB and AP-1 signaling and downregulated the expression of multiple oncogenes including MYC, MITF, HMGA2, and CDK6, as well as the NF-κB upstream factors STAT3, STAT5B, ID1, and IKBKE, most likely through heterochromatin silencing. ZNF382 could suppress tumorigenesis through heterochromatin-mediated silencing, as ZNF382 was colocalized and interacted with heterochromatin protein HP1 and further changed the chromatin modifications of ZNF382 target oncogenes. Our data show that ZNF382 is a functional tumor suppressor frequently methylated in multiple carcinomas. Cancer Res; 70(16); 6516–26. ©2010 AACR.
Bcl9/Bcl9l Are Critical for Wnt-Mediated Regulation of Stem Cell Traits in Colon Epithelium and Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Deka Jürgen , Wiedemann Norbert , Anderle Pascale , Murphy-Seiler Fabienne , Bultinck Jennyfer , Eyckerman Sven , Stehle Jean-Christophe , André Sylvie , Vilain Nathalie , Zilian Olav , Robine Sylvie , Delorenzi Mauro , Basler Konrad , Aguet Michel 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling plays a critical role in stem cell maintenance in epithelial homeostasis and carcinogenesis. Here, we show that in the mouse this role is critically mediated by Bcl9/Bcl9l, the mammalian homologues of Legless, which in Drosophila is required for Armadillo/β-catenin signaling. Conditional ablation of Bcl9/Bcl9l in the intestinal epithelium, where the essential role of Wnt signaling in epithelial homeostasis and stem cell maintenance is well documented, resulted in decreased expression of intestinal stem cell markers and impaired regeneration of ulcerated colon epithelium. Adenocarcinomas with aberrant Wnt signaling arose with similar incidence in wild-type and mutant mice. However, transcriptional profiles were vastly different: Whereas wild-type tumors displayed characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem cell–like properties, these properties were largely abrogated in mutant tumors. These findings reveal an essential role for Bcl9/Bcl9l in regulating a subset of Wnt target genes involved in controlling EMT and stem cell–related features and suggest that targeting the Bcl9/Bcl9l arm of Wnt signaling in Wnt-activated cancers might attenuate these traits, which are associated with tumor invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Cancer Res; 70(16); 6619–28. ©2010 AACR.
Metastasis-Associated Protein 1 and Its Short Form Variant Stimulates Wnt1 Transcription through Promoting Its Derepression from Six3 Corepressor
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Balasenthil Seetharaman , Manavathi Bramanandam , Rayala Suresh K. , Pakala Suresh B. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Although Wnt1 downstream signaling components have been well studied and activated in human cancer, the pathways that regulate Wnt1 itself have not been explored in depth. Here, we provide gain-of-function, loss-of function, and molecular evidence supporting functional interactions between metastasis-associated protein 1 short-form (MTA1s), metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), and Wnt1 signaling components during mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. Using multiple model systems involving overexpression or knockdown of MTA1s or MTA1, we discovered that MTA1s and MTA1 hyperactivate the Wnt1 pathway due to increased expression of Wnt1 transcription. MTA1s and MTA1 physically interact with Six3 chromatin, a protein product of which is a direct histone deacetylase inhibitor–dependent repressor of Wnt1 transcription. Deletion of the MTA1s and MTA1 allele in murine embryonic fibroblasts resulted in the upregulation of Six3 and downregulation of Wnt signaling. In addition, mammary glands from the MTA1s/MTA1−/− mice exhibited increased recruitment of Six3 corepressor complex to the Wnt1 promoter and inhibition of Wnt1 pathway in mammary glands. These findings identify MTA1s and MTA1 as important upstream modifiers of the Wnt1 transcription, and consequently its functions, by directly inhibiting the transcription of Six3, allowing derepression of Wnt1 transcription. Cancer Res; 70(16); 6649–58. ©2010 AACR.
An Open-Label, Phase I Study of the Polo-like Kinase-1 Inhibitor, BI 2536, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Hofheinz Ralf-Dieter , Al-Batran Salah-Eddin , Hochhaus Andreas , Jäger Elke , Reichardt Volker L. , Fritsch Holger , Trommeshauser Dirk , Munzert Gerd 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Purpose: This phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study investigated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of BI 2536, a small-molecule polo-like kinase (Plk)–1 inhibitor, in two treatment schedules in patients with advanced solid tumors. Secondary objectives included evaluation of safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics.
Experimental Design: Patients received a single i.v. dose of BI 2536 as a 1-hour infusion on days 1 and 8 or a single 24-hour infusion on day 1 of each 21-day treatment course. MTD determination was based on dose-limiting toxicities.
Results: Forty-four and 26 patients received each treatment schedule, respectively. The MTD of BI 2536 in the day 1 and 8 schedule was 100 mg per administration (200 mg per course). The MTD for the second dosing schedule was not determined; a 225-mg dose was well tolerated. The most frequently reported treatment-related nonhematologic adverse events were gastrointestinal events and fatigue. Hematotoxicity as the most relevant side effect was similar in both schedules; neutropenia grades 3 and 4 were observed in 16 patients (36.4%) of the day 1 and 8 schedule and 13 patients (50%) of the 24-hour infusion. Fourteen patients (32%) treated in the day 1 and 8 dosing schedule had a best overall response of stable disease. Plasma concentrations of BI 2536 increased dose proportionally, with no relevant accumulation of exposure in the day 1 and 8 dosing schedule. The average terminal half-life was 50 hours.
Conclusions: BI 2536 administered in either treatment schedule has adequate safety in patients with advanced solid tumors, warranting further clinical investigation of polo-like kinase–1 inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res; 16(18); 4666–74. ©2010 AACR.