bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Value of Albuminuria in American Indian Youth With or Without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kim Nan Hee , Pavkov Meda E. , Knowler William C. , Hanson Robert L. , Weil E. Jennifer , Curtis Jeffrey M. , Bennett Peter H. , Nelson Robert G. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the prognostic significance of elevated albuminuria in youth with type 2 diabetes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Cross-sectional and prospective studies were conducted on Pima Indian youth aged 5 to 19 years at baseline who were examined between July 1, 1982, and December 31, 2007. Prevalence and sequential changes in the level of microalbuminuria (30 ≤ albumin-to-creatinine ratio [ACR] &lt; 300 mg/g) and macroalbuminuria (ACR ≥ 300 mg/g) and incidence of macroalbuminuria were computed according to the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria was 6.5% and 0.6% in the 3856 nondiabetic youth and 18.5% and 2.9% in the 103 youth with diabetes, respectively. One hundred forty-one of 187 (75.4%) nondiabetic youth, but only 1 of 14 (7.1%) diabetic youth with an elevated ACR (≥30 mg/g) regressed to an undetectable or normal ACR (&lt;30 mg/g) on subsequent examination. In a subset of 2666 youth with a median follow-up of 8.1 years, 36 nondiabetic and 30 diabetic youth with baseline ACRs of &lt;300 mg/g developed macroalbuminuria. For a given ACR, the incidence of macroalbuminuria was 15.9-fold (95% confidence interval: 11.1–22.6) higher in the diabetic than in the nondiabetic youth.

CONCLUSIONS:
Elevated albuminuria is infrequent and largely transient in nondiabetic youth, but it is relatively frequent and largely persistent in those with diabetes. Microalbuminuria in youth with type 2 diabetes strongly predicts progression to macroalbuminuria, which supports annual screening for albuminuria.
Previous Antimicrobial Exposure Is Associated With Drug-Resistant Urinary Tract Infections in Children
Authors: Paschke Amanda A. , Zaoutis Theoklis , Conway Patrick H. , Xie Dawei , Keren Ron 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of previous antimicrobial exposure on the development of antimicrobial resistance in children with their first urinary tract infection (UTI).

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children aged 6 months to 6 years and received their first diagnosis of UTI in a network of 27 outpatient pediatric practices between July 1, 2001, and May 31, 2006. We examined the relationship between antimicrobial resistance in UTI isolates and exposure to specific antimicrobial agents (amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefdinir, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and azithromycin) in the previous 120 days. We developed multivariable logistic regression models for resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and first-generation and third-generation cephalosporins, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, number of siblings, recent hospitalizations, and child care exposure.

RESULTS:
Of the 533 children who had a first UTI, 8%, 14%, and 21% were exposed to antimicrobial agents within 30, 60, and 120 days before the UTI, respectively. Amoxicillin exposure within 30 days (odds ratio [OR]: 3.6 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6–8.2]) and 31 to 60 days (OR: 2.8 [95% CI: 1.0–7.5]) before UTI both were associated with ampicillin resistance. Exposure to amoxicillin &gt;60 days before the UTI was not associated with ampicillin resistance. Amoxicillin exposure within 30 days of UTI was also associated with amoxicillin-clavulanate resistance (OR: 3.9 [95% CI: 1.8–8.7]). No association between exposure to other antimicrobial agents and resistance to any of the antimicrobial agents was seen.

CONCLUSIONS:
Recent antimicrobial exposure is associated with antimicrobial-resistant UTIs among pediatric outpatients, and the magnitude of this association decreases with time since exposure. Judicious antimicrobial prescribers should consider this association when selecting empiric antimicrobial agents for a new UTI and should use strategies to reduce unnecessary antimicrobial use to avoid development of resistant bacteria.
Parental Vaccine Safety Concerns in 2009
Authors: Freed Gary L. , Clark Sarah J. , Butchart Amy T. , Singer Dianne C. , Davis Matthew M. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Vaccine safety concerns can diminish parents' willingness to vaccinate their children. The objective of this study was to characterize the current prevalence of parental vaccine refusal and specific vaccine safety concerns and to determine whether such concerns were more common in specific population groups.

METHODS:
In January 2009, as part of a larger study of parents and nonparents, 2521 online surveys were sent to a nationally representative sample of parents of children who were aged ≤17 years. The main outcome measures were parental opinions on vaccine safety and whether the parent had ever refused a vaccine that a doctor recommended for his or her child.

RESULTS:
The response rate was 62%. Most parents agreed that vaccines protect their child(ren) from diseases; however, more than half of the respondents also expressed concerns regarding serious adverse effects. Overall, 11.5% of the parents had refused at least 1 recommended vaccine. Women were more likely to be concerned about serious adverse effects, to believe that some vaccines cause autism, and to have ever refused a vaccine for their child(ren). Hispanic parents were more likely than white or black parents to report that they generally follow their doctor's recommendations about vaccines for their children and less likely to have ever refused a vaccine. Hispanic parents were also more likely to be concerned about serious adverse effects of vaccines and to believe that some vaccines cause autism.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although parents overwhelmingly share the belief that vaccines are a good way to protect their children from disease, these same parents express concerns regarding the potential adverse effects and especially seem to question the safety of newer vaccines. Although information is available to address many vaccine safety concerns, such information is not reaching many parents in an effective or convincing manner.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Early-Life Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity
Authors: Taveras Elsie M. , Gillman Matthew W. , Kleinman Ken , Rich-Edwards Janet W. , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE:
By the preschool years, racial/ethnic disparities in obesity prevalence are already present. The objective of this study was to examine racial/ethnic differences in early-life risk factors for childhood obesity.

METHODS:
A total of 1343 white, 355 black, and 128 Hispanic mother–child pairs were studied in a prospective study. Mother's reported child's race/ethnicity. The main outcome measures were risk factors from the prenatal period through 4 years old that are known to be associated with child obesity.

RESULTS:
In multivariable models, compared with their white counterparts, black and Hispanic children exhibited a range of risk factors related to child obesity. In pregnancy, these included higher rates of maternal depression (odds ratio [OR]: 1.55 for black, 1.89 for Hispanic); in infancy more rapid weight gain (OR: 2.01 for black, 1.75 for Hispanic), more likely to introduce solid foods before 4 months of age (OR: 1.91 for black, 2.04 for Hispanic), and higher rates of maternal restrictive feeding practices (OR: 2.59 for black, 3.35 for Hispanic); and after 2 years old, more televisions in their bedrooms (OR: 7.65 for black, 7.99 for Hispanic), higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (OR: 4.11 for black, 2.48 for Hispanic), and higher intake of fast food (OR: 1.65 for black, 3.14 for Hispanic). Black and Hispanic children also had lower rates of exclusive breastfeeding and were less likely to sleep at least 12 hours/day in infancy.

CONCLUSIONS:
Racial/ethnic differences in risk factors for obesity exist prenatally and in early childhood. Racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity may be determined by factors that operate at the earliest stages of life.
Multiple Markers of Inflammation and Weight Status: Cross-sectional Analyses Throughout Childhood
Authors: Skinner Asheley Cockrell , Steiner Michael J. , Henderson Frederick W. , Perrin Eliana M. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) are related to obesity in adults, but the association is less clear in children. Our objective was to examine relationships between multiple markers of inflammation and children's weight status; we hypothesized that the prevalence of inflammatory markers would increase as weight status increased.

METHODS:
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of children in the United States aged 1 to 17 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2006. Children were categorized using weight-for-length when age &lt;2 years and BMI for ≥2 years, as very obese (≥99th percentile), obese (&lt;99th and ≥95th percentile), overweight (&lt;95th and ≥85th percentile), and healthy weight (&gt;5th to ≤85th percentile) according to expert consensus. Our main outcome measures were high-sensitivity CRP and absolute neutrophil count, in addition to a novel third measure: ferritin controlled for iron status using a ferritin/transferrin ratio. We used Cox proportional hazards models to examine risk of abnormal values of inflammatory markers according to weight.

RESULTS:
Increased risk of a CRP level of &gt;1.0 mg/L was evident among very obese children from ages 3 to 5 years (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.29; P &lt; .01) through 15 to 17 years (HR: 4.73; P &lt; .01). Increased risk of abnormal neutrophil count among very obese children began at 6 to 8 years (HR: 2.00; P = .049), and increased prevalence of abnormal ferritin/transferrin ratio began at 9 to 11 years (HR: 7.06; P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Multiple inflammatory markers are strongly and positively associated with increasing weight status in children, and this relationship starts as young as age 3. Elevated inflammatory markers in very young obese children are particularly concerning, because inflammation may cause long-term, cumulative vascular damage. This deserves additional research via longitudinal design.
The Microbiota Associated With Implants Restored With Platform Switching: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Canullo Luigi , Quaranta Alessandro , Teles Ricardo P. 
Published: March 2010

Background: It was demonstrated that implants restored according to a platform‐switching concept presented less crestal bone loss than implants restored with standard protocols. The aim of this study is to examine differences between the composition of the peri‐implant microbiotas associated with implants restored with the platform‐switching approach and implants restored with a standard internal connection protocol.Methods: A total of 48 implants were examined in 18 subjects: 33 implants were restored with platform switching, and 15 implants were restored using the traditional approach. Thirty‐six months after prosthetic loading, subgingival plaque samples were taken from the mesio‐ and disto‐buccal aspects of each implant and from one tooth adjacent to one of the implants in each subject. The levels of 40 subgingival species were measured using checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. Microbiologic parameters were averaged within each subject and across subjects in each clinical group (platform switching versus control) and site category (implants versus teeth) separately. The significance of differences between clinical groups and site categories was determined using the Mann‐Whitney test and the Wilcoxon test, respectively.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between groups for any of the species. The platform‐switching group showed a small trend for lower levels of early colonizer members of the Actinomyces, purple and yellow complexes, Campylobacter species, Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis), and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Teeth and implants presented similar microbial profiles.Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that the difference in bone crest resorption between implants restored with platform switching compared to traditionally restored implants is not associated with differences in the peri‐implant microbiota.
The Significance of the Lingual Nerve During Periodontal/Implant Surgery
Authors: Chan Hsun‐Liang , Leong Daylene J.M. , Fu Jia‐Hui , Yeh Chu‐Yuan , Tatarakis Nikolaos , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: March 2010

Background: Understanding the position of the lingual nerve is important when performing third molar extractions and periodontal and implant surgeries in the mandible. The careless management of the lingual flap can potentially cause damage to the lingual nerve. The location of the lingual nerve in the third molar region was described in the literature; however, to our knowledge, its course mesial to the third molar region was not reported. The aim of this study is to identify and measure the location of lingual nerves in relation to mandibular teeth in fresh cadaver heads.Methods: Thirty lingual nerves from 18 cadaver heads were dissected, and the vertical distance from the lingual nerve to the mid‐lingual cemento‐enamel junctions of mandibular molars and premolars and the position where the lingual nerve left the lingual plate and moved toward the tongue were determined. Two cadaver heads were randomly selected and exposed to cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans after the insertion of a wrought wire into the nerve. The same vertical distance as the clinical measurement was determined and compared.Results: Seventy‐five percent of lingual nerves turned toward the tongue at the first and second molar region. The vertical distance was 9.6, 13, and 14.8 mm at the second molar, first molar, and second premolar, respectively. The difference between clinical and CBCT measurements was 0.57 ± 2.62 mm.Conclusions: The course of the lingual nerve in relation to posterior teeth was described. This information can help surgeons gain more understanding of the location of the lingual nerve and perform safe surgeries in the mandible.
Buccal Bifurcation Cyst in a 7‐Year‐Old: Surgical Management and 14‐Month Follow‐Up
Authors: Thikkurissy S. , Glazer Kate M. , McNamara Kristin K. , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: March 2010

Background: The buccal bifurcation cyst (BBC) is a paradental cyst that typically presents on the buccal aspect of mandibular permanent first molars in children 6 to 11 years of age. Histopathologic features are non‐specific and closely resemble other inflammatory odontogenic cysts. The aim of this article is to report a case of a BBC and to review the management of such lesions.Methods: A 7‐year‐old white male, complaining of lower right tooth pain and swelling, presented to the Nationwide Children's Hospital Dental Clinic. A clinical examination revealed no caries and swelling localized to the area approximating tooth #30 with a 15‐mm probing depth on the buccal aspect. Radiographs revealed a radiolucency involving the bifurcation and root area of tooth #30, accompanied by the distal displacement of unerupted tooth #31. Therapy consisted of a simple surgical enucleation of the cyst.Results: A microscopic evaluation revealed a chronically inflamed cyst lined by a non‐keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The immediate postoperative course was uneventful. At 14 months postoperatively, the development of teeth #30 and #31 was noted as normal. Probing depths around tooth #30 were ≤4 mm, tooth #31 was no longer displaced, and no recurrence was detected.Conclusion: The simple surgical enucleation of the BBC provided good short‐ and long‐term outcomes without compromising the development of associated molars.
Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation and Simultaneous Implant Placement in Grafted Biomaterial Sockets: 3 Years of Follow‐Up
Authors: Crespi Roberto , Capparè Paolo , Gherlone Enrico 
Published: March 2010

Background: Immediate bone grafting procedures were proposed to preserve bone volume in residual damaged alveolar walls and to prevent the expansion of the sinus floor in the maxillary molar region. The use of an osteotome allows vertical bone augmentation and localized sinus elevation with minimal surgical trauma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome of implants placed in previously grafted alveoli that were expanded at a second‐stage surgery by an osteotome technique.Methods: Twenty patients requiring extraction of one or two upper molar teeth and/or a second premolar were selected. Thirty teeth were extracted, and their fresh sockets immediately received magnesium‐enriched hydroxyapatite as a graft material. Three months after bone filling, osteotome sinus floor elevations were performed in grafted sites, and 30 titanium dental implants were placed. Three months after implant placement, temporary restorations were performed. Follow‐up examinations and intraoral digital radiographs were taken at baseline and 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after implant placement to evaluate the alveolar bone gain for each implant. Comparisons among mean values of alveolar bone gain over time were performed by the Student two‐tailed t test.Results: At the 36‐month follow‐up, a survival rate of 100% was reported for all implants. The alveolar bone gain after 6 months of healing was 2.41 ± 1.23 mm. Successively, after 12 months, the bone gain increased (3.85 ± 1.37 mm). At 24 and 36 months after implant placement, the levels were stable (3.86 ± 1.50 mm and 3.82 ± 1.57 mm, respectively). Statistical analyses showed a significant difference (P <0.05) only between the 6‐ and 12‐month values.Conclusion: At the 36‐month follow‐up, the use of the osteotome technique for vertical expansion of the grafted tissue was considered a predictable procedure in the implant surgery.
Late-Holocene evolution of a coastal lagoon in the Gulf of Lions (South of France)
Authors: Sabatier Pierre , Dezileau Laurent , Barbier Mickaël , Raynal Olivier , Lofi Johanna , Briqueu Louis , Condomines Michel , Bouchette Frédéric , Certain Raphaël , Van Grafenstein Ulrich , Jorda Christophe , Blanchemanche Philippe 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The central part of the Gulf of Lions shoreline is characterized by many coastal wetlands that resulted from the interaction between a process of shoreline regularization by migrations of littoral barriers and a slow filling of the back-barrier areas by the riverine and marine inputs. Analyses of Late-Holocene deposits with a very high-resolution multi-proxy study of two sediment cores, allow us to reconstruct the evolution of this coastal system. Two main Holocene sediment units are identified overlying a Pliocene carbonate continental formation. The lower unit consists of sandy and pebbly marine sediments deposited around 7800 B.P., during the final stand of the last sea level rise. Just above, the upper unit displays lagoonal grey clay silts with shells and some intercalated layers of silty sands related to paleostorm events. The age model was established from radiocarbon dating, for the oldest part of the core. Over the last century, sedimentation rates were calculated using the CFCS 210Pb model, together with 137Cs data. Radiocarbon data show an increase in the accumulation rate from the base to the top of cores. Marine sand units related to the last transgressive deposit allow to refine the curve of Holocene post-glacial sea level rise. Sedimentological and faunal analyses associated with chronological data provide a means for reconstructing the Late-Holocene paleoenvironments along this part of the coast and suggest that the final closure of the coastal lagoon by the sandy barrier occurred at around 730 ± 120 yr cal B.P. The beginning of this closure, together with the progradation of the coastal plain, could be responsible for the decline in economic activity of the Lattara harbour during the Roman period.
Seismic stratigraphy of the Vendean-Armorican platform of the French Atlantic shelf: new insights into the history of the North Atlantic ocean
Authors: Huerta Pedro , Proust Jean-Noël , Guennoc Pol , Thinon Isabelle 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe evolution of the North-Atlantic Ocean from its rifting stage during the Upper Jurassic until the present-day passive margin is recorded by the sedimentary wedge of eastern French-Atlantic platform. The study of a dense network of high resolution seismic profiles on the Vendean-Armorican platform (VAP) obtained during INSU-CNRS cruise “Geovend”, led to the characterization of the architecture of the sediment wedge preserved between the coast and Armorican margin shelf edge. This sediment wedge lies on a substratum composed of metamorphic and magmatic rocks of Palaeozoic age (Ub). The sediment wedge comprises six seismic units (U1-U6) bounded by regional unconformities: Jurassic marine succession (U1), Upper Cretaceous marine rocks (U2), Eocene-Oligocene marine deposits of the incipient VAP (U3), Miocene (U4) and Plio-Quaternary (U5) marine deposits overlain by the last sea-level rise ravinement deposits (U6). Above the basal unconformity at the top of Ub, the units are bounded by angular unconformities (top of U1, U2, U3), truncation with channel incision (top U4) or planar marine ravinement (top of U5) surfaces.Most of these unconformities are due to the tectonic activity of the bay of Biscay during the Mesozoic including (1) the North Atlantic rifting during the Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, (2) the propagation of the ocean crust and counterclockwise rotation of the Iberian block during the Aptian-Albian to Coniacian (magnetic anomaly 33–34) producing troughs at the top of U1 filled by downlapping U2 sediment wedges, (3) the Alpine compression at the origin of folding and faulting and the unconformable deposition of U3, and (4) the late compressive deformation during the Miocene that affected U4. The VAP acquires its actual configuration during U4. Sedimentation on the platform was then affected by climatically-controlled relative sea-level changes (U5 to U6) that forced U5 shelf margin sediment deposition above an incised unconformity and subsequently overlain by U6 transgressive sediment blanketing.One of the main interest of the VAP area is the existence of pre- to post-rift units that helps to decipher with high resolution seismics the long-lived evolution of the Armorican margin. Such units are preserved because of the specific characters of this area located on the flank of the former Aquitaine basin (near the “celtaquitaine” flexure) and the presence of the Rochebonne basement high.The VAP thus displays most of the tectonosedimentary evolution of the West Atlantic margins. This paper would however constitute a basis for comparisons to other examples around the Atlantic ocean and then contribute to strengthen the running models of passive margin evolution.
Spinal deformity and Parkinson disease: a treatment algorithm
Authors: Upadhyaya Cheerag D. , Starr Philip A. , Mummaneni Praveen V. 
Published: March 2010

Object
The authors review the literature on the treatment of spinal deformity in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and formulate a treatment algorithm.

Methods
The authors provide representative cases of patients with PD and spinal deformity who underwent deep brain stimulation (DBS) or spinal surgery.

Results
In patients with PD and spinal deformity who undergo spinal surgery there is a high rate of acute and delayed complications. Patients who undergo DBS, while having significantly fewer complications, often do not regain sagittal balance.

Conclusions
Cases involving PD and camptocormia have a high rate of complications when spinal surgery is performed. The authors prefer to offer spinal surgery only to patients with coexisting spinal stenosis causing radiculopathy or myelopathy. Patients with PD and camptocormia without spinal stenosis may be considered for DBS, but the results are mixed.