bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the Perceived Benefits and Health Outcomes of Writing about Traumatic Life Events
Authors: Andersson Matthew A. , Conley Colleen S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractExpressive writing, which involves disclosing one's deepest thoughts and feelings about a stressful life event by using a first‐person perspective, has been linked to gains in health and well‐being, though effect sizes range widely. Assuming a third‐person perspective is a natural and effective way of coping with highly distressing events. Therefore, the current study examined whether a distanced, third‐person approach to expressive writing might be more beneficial than a traditional, first‐person intervention for high baseline levels of event‐linked intrusive thinking. Randomly assigned participants wrote expressively about traumatic life events by using a first‐person or third‐person‐singular perspective. Linguistic analyses showed that assuming a first‐person perspective is linked to higher levels of in‐text cognitive engagement, whereas a third‐person perspective is linked to lower cognitive engagement. However, in a context of higher levels of intrusive thinking, third‐person expressive writing, relative to a traditional first‐person approach, yielded (1) greater perceived benefits and positive, long‐lasting effects as well as (2) fewer days of activity restriction due to illness. Although more research is needed, these results suggest that third‐person expressive writing may be an especially fitting technique for recovering from traumatic or highly stressful life events. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The psychological costs of pay‐for‐performance: Implications for the strategic compensation of employees
Authors: Larkin Ian , Pierce Lamar , Gino Francesca 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMost research linking compensation to strategy relies on agency theory economics and focuses on executive pay. We instead focus on the strategic compensation of nonexecutive employees, arguing that while agency theory provides a useful framework for analyzing compensation, it fails to consider several psychological factors that increase costs from performance‐based pay. We examine how psychological costs from social comparison and overconfidence reduce the efficacy of individual performance‐based compensation, building a theoretical framework predicting more prominent use of team‐based, seniority‐based, and flatter compensation. We argue that compensation is strategic not only in motivating and attracting the worker being compensated but also in its impact on peer workers and the firm's complementary activities. The paper discusses empirical implications and possible theoretical extensions of the proposed integrated theory. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ambidexterity and performance in multiunit contexts: Cross‐level moderating effects of structural and resource attributes
Authors: Jansen Justin J.P. , Simsek Zeki , Cao Qing 
Published: March 2012

AbstractResearch suggests that unit‐level ambidexterity positively impacts subsequent unit performance but theory and testing on this impact remain impoverished. We develop a cross‐level model suggesting that structural and resource attributes of the organizational context significantly shape the relationship between unit ambidexterity and performance. Using multisource and lagged data from 285 organizational units located within 88 autonomous branches, results from hierarchical linear modeling show that this relationship is boosted when the organization is decentralized, more resource munificent, or less resource interdependent. We also find that structural differentiation of the organization does not condition the unit ambidexterity‐performance relationship. Through this cross‐level theory and testing, we develop a richer explanation of the effectiveness of ambidextrous units operating in multiunit contexts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative analysis of cerebrovascular resistance in fetuses with single‐ventricle congenital heart disease
Authors: Szwast A. , Tian Z. , McCann M. , Soffer D. , Rychik J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to determine whether the presence or absence of aortic obstruction impacts cerebrovascular resistance in fetuses with single‐ventricle (SV) congenital heart disease (CHD).MethodsPulsatility indices (PIs) were recorded for the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the umbilical artery (UA) from 18 to 40 weeks' gestation in 59 fetuses (163 examinations) with SV‐CHD with unobstructed aortic flow, yet decreased pulmonary flow, in 72 fetuses (170 examinations) with obstructed aortic flow and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and in 92 normal fetuses (92 examinations). The cerebral‐to‐placental resistance (CPR) was calculated as the MCA‐PI/UA‐PI. Z‐scores were generated for the MCA‐PI and the UA‐PI in order to make comparisons independent of gestational age. Statistical analyses were performed using one‐way ANOVA with post‐hoc testing. Trends in these variables over the course of gestation were assessed using linear regression and univariate ANOVA.ResultsThe MCA‐PI and the CPR were significantly lower in SV fetuses with aortic obstruction compared with SV fetuses with pulmonary obstruction and with normal fetuses. Moreover, the MCA‐PI decreased significantly for SV fetuses with aortic obstruction over the course of gestation. In contrast, the MCA‐PI was higher over the course of gestation in SV fetuses with pulmonary obstruction compared with normal fetuses.ConclusionIn fetuses with SV‐CHD, cerebrovascular resistance varies substantially between fetuses with and without aortic obstruction. Compared with normal fetuses, cerebrovascular resistance is decreased in SV fetuses with aortic obstruction, yet increased in SV fetuses with pulmonary obstruction. In fetuses with SV physiology, inherent differences in cerebral blood flow may underlie postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical insights into bacterial chemotaxis
Authors: Tindall Marcus J. , Gaffney Eamonn A. , Maini Philip K. , Armitage Judith P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractResearch into understanding bacterial chemotactic systems has become a paradigm for Systems Biology. Experimental and theoretical researchers have worked hand‐in‐hand for over 40 years to understand the intricate behavior driving bacterial species, in particular how such small creatures, usually not more than 5 µm in length, detect and respond to small changes in their extracellular environment. In this review we highlight the importance that theoretical modeling has played in providing new insight and understanding into bacterial chemotaxis. We begin with an overview of the bacterial chemotaxis sensory response, before reviewing the role of theoretical modeling in understanding elements of the system on the single cell scale and features underpinning multiscale extensions to population models. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2012 doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1168This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models
Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
A 125 GeV SM-like Higgs in the MSSM and the γγ rate
Authors: Carena Marcela , Gori Stefania , Shah Nausheen R. , Wagner Carlos E. M. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

We consider the possibility of a Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs in the context of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), with a mass of about 125 GeV and with a production times decay rate into two photons which is similar or somewhat larger than the SM one. The relatively large value of the SM-like Higgs mass demands stops in the several hundred GeV mass range with somewhat large mixing, or a large hierarchy between the two stop masses in the case that one of the two stops is light. We find that, in general, if the heaviest stop mass is smaller than a few TeV, the rate of gluon fusion production of Higgs bosons decaying into two photons tends to be somewhat suppressed with respect to the SM one in this region of parameters. However, we show that an enhancement of the photon decay rate may be obtained for light third generation sleptons with large mixing, which can be naturally obtained for large values of tan β and sizable values of the Higgsino mass parameter.
Role of Portal Vein Embolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Management and Its Effect on Recurrence: A Case‐control Study
Authors: Siriwardana Rohan C. , Lo Chung Mau , Chan See Ching , Fan Sheung Tat 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundLiver regeneration that occurs after portal vein embolization (PVE) may have adverse effects on the microscopic tumor foci in the residual liver mass in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsFifty‐four HCC patients with inadequate functional residual liver volume were offered PVE during a seven‐year period. Among them, 34 (63%) patients underwent curative resection. They were compared with a matched control group (n = 102) who underwent surgery without PVE. Postoperative complications, pattern of recurrence, and survival were compared between groups.ResultsIn the PVE group, a pre‐embolization functional residual liver volume of 23% (12–33.5%) improved to 34% (20–54%) (p = 0.005) at the time of surgery. When the two groups were compared, minor (PVE, 24%; control, 29%; p = 0.651) and major (PVE, 18%; control, 15%; p = 0.784) complications were similar. After a follow‐up period of 35 months (standard deviation 25 months), extrahepatic recurrences were detected in 10 PVE patients (29%) and 41 control patients (40%) (p = 0.310). Intrahepatic recurrences were seen in 10 (29%) and 47 (46%) cases (p = 0.109) in the PVE and control groups, respectively. In the PVE group, 41% (n = 14) of the recurrences were detected before one year, compared with 42% (n = 43) in the control group (p = 1). Disease‐free survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 57, 29, and 26% in the control group and 60, 42, and 42% in the PVE group (log‐rank, p = 0.335). On multivariate analysis, PVE was not a factor affecting survival (p = 0.821).ConclusionsPortal vein embolization increases the resectability of initially unresectable HCC due to inadequate functional residual liver volume, and it has no deleterious oncological effect after major resection of HCC.
Clinical Features, Treatment, and Long‐Term Outcome of Papillary Thyroid Cancer in Children and Adolescents Without Radiation Exposure
Authors: Enomoto Yukie , Enomoto Keisuke , Uchino Shinya , Shibuya Hiroshi , Watanabe Shin , Noguchi Shiro 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundCancer of the thyroid gland is rare in children and adolescents. A history of neck irradiation is a well‐established risk factor for tumor development, and most previous reports focused on cases that were induced by radiation exposure. We present here a retrospective review of the clinical features, treatment, and long‐term outcome of children and adolescents with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) without a history of radiation exposure who were treated at our institution over a period of ~50 years.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 142 PTC patients without an irradiation history who were younger than 20 years of age when treated from 1961 to 2005 (17 males and 125 females; mean age = 16.3 ± 2.7 years; follow‐up = 21.8 ± 12.0 years). The clinicopathological results were evaluated using the medical records. Disease‐free survival (DFS) and cause‐specific survival (CSS) were assessed with the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared with the log‐rank test. Parametric analyses were performed using Student’s t test and nonparametric analyses were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsAt diagnosis, three patients had distant lung metastasis and 33 had gross neck lymph node (LN) metastasis. All patients were treated with surgery (hemi/partial thyroidectomy in 45 patients, subtotal thyroidectomy in 85, total thyroidectomy in 12, no LN dissection in 50, central compartment dissection in 20, and modified radical neck dissection in 72), and postoperative external beam radiation therapy was administered to 59. Postoperative ablative therapy using I131 was not performed in this series. Recurrence was found for regional LN (n = 25), lung (n = 9), remnant thyroid (n = 5), and others (n = 4). DFS and CSS at 40 years were 74.1 and 97.5%, respectively. DFS was significantly worse in patients aged <16 years with a family history of thyroid cancer, preoperative neck gross LN metastasis, maximum tumor diameter, and extrathyroidal invasion. Preoperative gross neck LN metastasis and distant metastasis at diagnosis were significant factors for CSS. No other factors contributed to DFS and CSS. When the clinical features of children and adolescents were compared, the incidence of preoperative gross neck LN metastasis and distant metastasis at diagnosis and tumors with a maximum diameter >10 mm were significantly higher in the children group than in the adolescent group. DFS was significantly shorter in the children group than in the adolescent group, but no significant difference was found in CSS between these two groups.ConclusionsThe prognosis of PTC in children and adolescents is excellent, regardless of the extent of thyroidectomy and LN dissection. We recommend that only children or adolescents with preoperative gross neck LN metastasis and distant metastasis at diagnosis should be subjected to postoperative ablative therapy.
Extraction of Algal Lipids and Their Analysis by HPLC and Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Jones Jessica , Manning Schonna , Montoya Morela , Keller Karin , Poenie Martin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAlgae are a promising source of biofuel but claims about their lipid content can be ambiguous because extraction methods vary and lipid quantitation often does not distinguish between particular lipid classes. Here we compared methods for the extraction of algal lipids and showed that 2‐ethoxyethanol (2‐EE) provides superior lipid recovery (>150–200 %) compared to other common extraction solvents such as chloroform:methanol or hexane. Extractions of wet and dry algal biomass showed that 2‐EE was more effective at extracting lipids from wet rather than dried algal pellets. To analyze lipid content we used normal‐phase HPLC with parallel quantitation by an evaporative light scattering detector and a mass spectrometer. Analysis of crude lipid extracts showed that all major lipid classes could be identified and quantified and revealed a surprisingly large amount of saturated hydrocarbons (HC). This HC fraction was isolated from extracts of bioreactor‐grown algae and further analyzed by HPLC/MS, NMR, and GC/MS. The results showed that the sample consisted of a mixture of saturated, straight‐ and branched‐chain HC of different chain lengths. These algal HC could represent an alternative biofuel to triacylglycerols (TAG) that could feed directly into the current petroleum infrastructure.
Psychological stress during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer is influenced by the patients’ background and gender
Authors: Harata T. , Goto Maki , Iwase A. , Kurotsuchi S. , Ando H. , Osawa M. , Sugita A. , Kondo M. , Nakamura T. , Nakahara T. , Takikawa S. , Manabe S. , Kikkawa F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the changes in psychological stress during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF–ET) and the relationship of such stress to the patients’ background and gender.MethodsSixty couples undergoing IVF–ET were administered the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory‐JYZ (STAI) test at six different points during IVF–ET procedures. Anxiety scores at each time point were recorded and analyzed according to gender, fertility status, and duration of treatment.ResultsThe median state anxiety score for women increased following induction until oocyte collection, after which it temporarily declined and then increased again until the pregnancy test. No such changes were noted in men. Scores for women who had undergone a shorter period of IVF treatments were higher while state and trait anxiety in men increased with a prolonged treatment period. Unsuccessful treatment increased the state and trait anxiety of women.ConclusionsPsychological stress changed periodically depending on the duration of the patients’ treatment and fertility status also influenced anxiety levels. These findings will prove helpful in guiding psychological therapy and counseling for couples attempting to conceive by in vitro fertilization.
Les municipalités canadiennes et les langues officielles
Authors: Bourgeois Daniel , Bourgeois Yves 
Published: March 2012

Résumé.En 1967, la Commission royale d'enquête sur le bilinguisme et le biculturalisme affirma le rôle critique des municipalités canadiennes en matière de langues officielles. En 1988, laLoi sur les langues officiellesfit des municipalités des partenaires de premier plan dans la promotion du bilinguisme. Or, après deux générations, on ignore quelles municipalités interviennent en la matière et comment elles interviennent. À partir d'une enquête auprès de 209 municipalités canadiennes, ce texte décrit et analyse les interventions municipales favorables au bilinguisme. Plusieurs municipalités agissent, mais le bilan est loin de la vision de la Commission royale.Abstract.In 1967, the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism stated the critical role of Canadian municipalities in official languages. In 1988, theOfficial Languages Actmade municipalities full partners in the promotion of bilingualism. After two generations, we do not know which municipalities intervene in the matter or how they intervene. This article presents and analyses the results of a survey of 209 Canadian municipalities on official languages. It reveals that many municipalities intervene, but these interventions are far from the objectives of the Royal Commission and the Official Languages Act.
A Focusing Tragedy: Public Policy and the Establishment of Afrocentric Education in Toronto
Authors: Thompson Debra , Wallner Jennifer 
Published: March 2012

Abstract.In January 2008, the Toronto District School Board (TDSB) voted to establish Afrocentric education. Earlier proposals dating back to the early 1990s, however, garnered little response from the board. Why was the TDSB suddenly more amenable to the idea? We argue that the death of Jordan Manners acted as a focusing event that triggered concern regarding school safety and the challenges facing Black youth in Toronto, altering the policy climate and opening a window of opportunity for change. This analysis furthers conceptualizations of the connections between focusing events, policy entrepreneurs, the viability of alternative proposals, and the catalysts that facilitate policy change.Résumé.En janvier 2008, le Conseil Scolaire du District de Toronto (CSDT) a voté en faveur de l'établissement d'un programme d'éducation afro-centrée. Des propositions précédentes remontant au début des années 1990 avaient suscité peu d'intérêt de la part du Conseil. Pourquoi le CSDT s'est-il soudainement montré réceptif à cette idée? Nous considérons que le décès de Jordan Manners a servi d'épisode marquant qui a suscité de fortes préoccupations quant à la sécurité à l'école et aux défis auxquels font face les jeunes noirs à Toronto. Cet évènement marquant a contribué à modifier le climat politique et à ouvrir une fenêtre d'opportunité propice au changement. Cette analyse conceptualise de plus les liens entre épisodes marquants, entrepreneurs politiques, la viabilité de différentes propositions et les catalyseurs qui facilitent le changement politique.
The Impact of Institutionalization, Politicization and Mobilization on the Direct Participation of Citizens Experiencing Poverty
Authors: Larocque Florence 
Published: March 2012

Abstract. This article seeks to evaluate how democratic and deliberative the direct participation of citizens experiencing poverty is in the definition and implementation of public policies that affect them. A comparison of Belgian and Quebec processes involving persons in situation of poverty indicates that the procedural dimensions of participation (franchise, quality and accountability) are clearly strengthened by institutionalized processes and weakened when processes become politicized. However, the authenticity of the process (a dimension tied to outcomes) remains largely independent from the nature of these processes and depends instead on the mobilization of social actors and especially of anti-poverty organizations.Résumé. Cette article évalue dans quelle mesure la participation directe des citoyens en situation de pauvreté à l'élaboration et la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques les concernant est démocratique et délibérative. Une comparaison des processus belges et québécois de participation des personnes en situation de pauvreté démontre que les dimensions procédurales de la participation (franchise, qualité et garantie) sont clairement renforcées par l'institutionnalisation, tandis qu'elles sont affaiblies par la politisation des processus. Par ailleurs, l'authenticité du processus (une dimension liée aux résultats) reste largement indépendante de la nature des mécanismes et dépend plutôt de la mobilisation des acteurs sociaux et particulièrement de celle des organisations de lutte contre la pauvreté.
Modulation of morphological and biochemical traits using heterosis breeding in coloured cotton
Authors: YUAN S. N. , MALIK W. , BIBI N. , WEN G. J. , NI M. , WANG X. D. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYHeterosis breeding is a potential tool for developing coloured cotton hybrids, having good fibre yield and quality. The objective of the present study was to explore the extent of heterosis breeding for the modulation of fibre quality and biochemical traits during fibre development. The performance of 10 interspecific (Gossypium hirsutumL.×Gossypium barbadenseL.) and four intraspecific (Gossypium hirsutumL.×Gossypium hirsutumL.) F1coloured cotton hybrids and their parents was assessed under field conditions in 2008/9. Two interspecific, two intraspecific F1coloured cotton hybrids and their parents were used to examine the role and changes in the amount of different biochemicals during the different stages of fibre development (2009). Among hybrids, interspecific brown cotton hybrids (ZUC × ZUA) and interspecific green cotton hybrids (ZUF × ZUA) showed high amounts of useful heterosis for yield, yield components and fibre quality attributes. Analysis of various biochemicals depicted a decline in fibre pH value and flavonoid contents among all hybrids and their parents, with maximum decrease in interspecific hybrids (ZUC × ZUA and ZUF × ZUA) at 15 days post anthesis (DPA). Similarly, a significant increase in the amount of cellulose, glucose and fructose was observed in all genotypes. However, the magnitude of increase was greatest in interspecific coloured cotton hybrids as compared to their parents and intraspecific hybrids. The negative correlation of fibre pH with flavonoid contents and the positive correlation of carbohydrates with cellulose contents (particularly at 15 DPA) suggested the significance of these biochemicals controlling fibre quality. In conclusion, heterosis breeding can be efficiently utilized to develop high-quality coloured cotton hybrids by modulating the synthesis of different biochemicals associated with fibre development and its quality.