bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Titus Andronicus with George Peele
Authors: Vickers Brian 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The external evidence for the genesis of Titus Andronicus is meagre, and has become even smaller of late. T. M. Parrott's essay of 1919 may stand as the first attempt to establish the authenticity of Titus Andronicus by using the methods of modern authorship studies, combining quantitative analysis of the play's verse styles with the citation of enough close parallel passages to make the case for the separate presence of George Peele and Shakespeare beyond the possibility of coincidence or imitation. Specifically discussed is the detailed evaluation of Peele's share in Titus Andronicus. The case for Peele's co-authorship can be made even stronger by examining other aspects of the play's style: three new tests have been devised. It can be stated that Peele is recognized as co-author of ‘The Most Lamentable Romaine Tragedy of Titus Andronicus’.
Timon of Athens with Thomas Middleton
Authors: Vickers Brian 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter reports the history of Timon of Athens and its authorship. Since the play's represented action was not as violent as Titus Andronicus, it offended fewer critics. Middleton also wrote The Revenger's Tragedy. The division of authorship between Shakespeare and his co-author was solidly established by metrical and linguistic studies. With Timon of Athens, the impressive feature of authorship studies from the 1840s to the 1990s is that widely differing methodologies have converged, supporting sound attributions and discrediting others. All these methods agree in assigning to Middleton a substantial part of Timon, and Shakespearians who continue to deny this point risk forfeiting their scholarly credibility.
Plot and Character in Co-Authored Plays: Problems of Co-ordination
Authors: Vickers Brian 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates that co-authorship can be seen just as clearly in the treatment of character and motive as in language. In considering Shakespeare's co-authorship of the five plays presented, namely Titus Andronicus with George Peele, Timon of Athens with Thomas Middleton, Pericles with George Wilkins, and King Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen with John Fletcher, it concentrates on their language, and the many ways in which his style can be differentiated from that of his collaborators. Specifically discussed are the plot and character in these co-authored plays.
Polyamines Interact with Hydroxyl Radicals in Activating Ca2+ and K+ Transport across the Root Epidermal Plasma Membranes
Authors: Zepeda-Jazo Isaac , Velarde-Buendía Ana María , Enríquez-Figueroa René , Bose Jayakumar , Shabala Sergey , Muñiz-Murguía Jesús , Pottosin Igor I. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are integral components of the plant adaptive responses to environment. Importantly, ROS affect the intracellular Ca2+ dynamics by activating a range of nonselective Ca2+-permeable channels in plasma membrane (PM). Using patch-clamp and noninvasive microelectrode ion flux measuring techniques, we have characterized ionic currents and net K+ and Ca2+ fluxes induced by hydroxyl radicals (OH•) in pea (Pisum sativum) roots. OH•, but not hydrogen peroxide, activated a rapid Ca2+ efflux and a more slowly developing net Ca2+ influx concurrent with a net K+ efflux. In isolated protoplasts, OH• evoked a nonselective current, with a time course and a steady-state magnitude similar to those for a K+ efflux in intact roots. This current displayed a low ionic selectivity and was permeable to Ca2+. Active OH•-induced Ca2+ efflux in roots was suppressed by the PM Ca2+ pump inhibitors eosine yellow and erythrosine B. The cation channel blockers gadolinium, nifedipine, and verapamil and the anionic channel blockers 5-nitro-2(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate and niflumate inhibited OH•-induced ionic currents in root protoplasts and K+ efflux and Ca2+ influx in roots. Contrary to expectations, polyamines (PAs) did not inhibit the OH•-induced cation fluxes. The net OH•-induced Ca2+ efflux was largely prolonged in the presence of spermine, and all PAs tested (spermine, spermidine, and putrescine) accelerated and augmented the OH•-induced net K+ efflux from roots. The latter effect was also observed in patch-clamp experiments on root protoplasts. We conclude that PAs interact with ROS to alter intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis by modulating both Ca2+ influx and efflux transport systems at the root cell PM.
The effects of multiple stressors on wetland communities: pesticides, pathogens and competing amphibians
Authors: BUCK JULIA C. , SCHEESSELE ERIN A. , RELYEA RICK A. , BLAUSTEIN ANDREW R. 
Published: October 2011

Summary1. Anthropogenic effects have propelled us into what many have described as the sixth mass extinction, and amphibians are among the most affected groups. The causes of global amphibian population declines and extinctions are varied, complex and context‐dependent and may involve multiple stressors. However, experimental studies examining multiple factors contributing to amphibian population declines are rare.2. Using outdoor mesocosms containing zooplankton, phytoplankton, periphyton and tadpoles, we conducted a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial experiment that examined the separate and combined effects of an insecticide and the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) on three different assemblages of larval pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla) and Cascades frogs (Rana cascadae).3. Larval amphibian growth and development were affected by carbaryl and the amphibian assemblage treatment, but only minimally by Bd. Carbaryl delayed metamorphosis in both amphibian species and increased the growth rate of P. regilla. Carbaryl also reduced cladoceran abundance, which, in turn, had positive effects on phytoplankton abundance but no effect on periphyton biomass. Substituting 20 intraspecific competitors with 20 interspecific competitors decreased the larval period but not the growth rate of P. regilla. In contrast, substituting 20 intraspecific competitors with 20 interspecific competitors had no effect on R. cascadae. Results of real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis confirmed infection of Bd‐exposed animals, but exposure to Bd had no effects on either species in univariate analyses, although it had significant or nearly significant effects in several multivariate analyses. In short, we found no interactive effects among the treatments on amphibian growth and development.4. We encourage future research on the interactive effects of pesticides and pathogens on amphibian communities.
Daily life for young adults who care for a person with mental illness: a qualitative study
Authors: ALI L. , AHLSTRÖM B. H. , KREVERS B. , SKÄRSÄTER I. 
Published: October 2011

Accessible summary
The burden of caring for a person with mental illness has been transferred to families and close friends.
Daily life for young informal carers is unpredictable and they need to stay alert and prepared for events beyond their control.
Young informal carers are concerned young adults who support a family member or friend unconditionally.
Supporting a friend is related to as a great a sense of individual responsibility as supporting a family member.
AbstractThis study describes the daily life and management strategies of young informal carers of family members or friends with mental illness. Twelve young adults (three men and nine women; 16–25 years old) in Sweden were voluntarily recruited between February and May 2008. Data collected through eight individual semi‐structured interviews and one focus group interview were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The findings revealed nine subthemes that were further grouped into three main themes: showing concern, providing support and using management strategies. Participants lived in constant readiness for something unexpected to happen to the person they cared for, and their role in the relationship could change quickly from family member or friend to guardian or supervisor. Supporting a friend was considered as large a personal responsibility as supporting a family member. Their management strategies were based on individual capacities and their ability to step aside should the situation become too demanding. These young informal carers need support in caring for the mentally ill. As the internet becomes increasingly fundamental to daily life, support could be provided most effectively through person‐centred web sites.
Parents reported oral sensory sensitivity processing and food preference in ADHD
Authors: GHANIZADEH A. 
Published: October 2011

Accessible summaryOral sensory overresponsivity is frequently seen in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children with oppositional behaviours.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children with oppositional behaviours are more likely to adhere to the same foods.Food preferences in ADHD children co‐morbid with oppositional behaviour are more common than in those without oppositional behaviours.Children with both ADHD and oppositional behaviours are less likely to try new food and have limited repertoire of foods. Behavioural and food recommendation for children with ADHD should consider their co‐morbid behaviours.AbstractOral sensory processing in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an area with limited research. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and separation anxiety disorder (SAD) symptoms usually co‐occur with ADHD. This study investigates the association of oral sensory processing problems with ODD and SAD symptoms in children with ADHD. The parents of 189 children with ADHD completed Oral Over‐ and Underresponsivity Behaviors Inventory reporting oral overresponsivity (OR) and underresponsivity (UR) of their children. Only ODD score predicted OR scale score. None of ADHD severity, anxiety score, age and gender predicted OR score. UR scale score was only predicted by SAD and inattention scores. ODD score and hyperactivity/impulsivity score did not predict UR score. The ODD behaviour in children with ADHD needs to be evaluated and managed more extensively and it should include oral sensory occupational therapy. Future studies should extend this research to children with ADHD and obesity and food reward system.
The unified approach to the use of genomic and pedigree information in genomic evaluations revisited
Authors: Meuwissen T.H.E. , Luan T. , Woolliams J.A. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryPrevious proposals for a unified approach for amalgamating information from animals with or without genotypes have combined the numerator relationship matrix A with the genomic relationship G estimated from the markers. These approaches have resulted in biased genomic EBV (GEBV), and methodology was developed to overcome these problems. Firstly, a relationship matrix, GFG, based on linkage analysis was derived using the same base population as A, which (i) utilizes the genomic information on the same scale as the pedigree information and (ii) permits the regression coefficients used to propagate the genomic data from the genotyped to ungenotyped individuals to be calculated in the light of the genomic information, rather than ignoring it. Secondly, the elements of G were regressed back towards their expected values in the A matrix to allow for their estimation errors. These developments were combined in a methodology LDLAb and tested on simulated populations where either parents were phenotyped and offspring genotyped or vice versa. The LDLAb method was demonstrated to be a unified approach that maximized accuracy of GEBV compared to previous methodologies and removed the bias in the GEBV. Although LDLAb is computationally much more demanding than MLAC, it demonstrates how to make best use the marker information and also shows the computational problems that need to be solved in the future to make best use of the marker data.
Body mass index, sexual difficulties and sexual satisfaction among people in regular heterosexual relationships: a population‐based study
Authors: Smith A. M. A. , Patrick K. , Heywood W. , Pitts M. K. , Richters J. , Shelley J. M. , Simpson J. M. , Ryall R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground/Aims:  The aims of this study were to clarify the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sexual difficulties and to investigate if BMI influenced sexual satisfaction, over and above the effects of sexual difficulties.Methods:  Cross‐sectional analyses of a nationally representative computer‐assisted telephone interview. Eight thousand, six hundred and fifty‐six respondents were recruited by random digit dialling in 2004–2005. Only those in a sexually active, heterosexual relationship were included in the current analyses.Results:  After adjustments for demographic factors, both overweight and obese male and female participants were more likely to report worrying during sex about whether their body was unattractive. Among women, associations were also found between higher BMI and lack of interest in sex. No other significant associations between BMI and sexual difficulties were evident. There was an association between BMI and extreme physical pleasure for women but not men over and above the effects of sexual difficulties, with obese women being more likely than normal weight women to report extreme physical pleasure. No associations were found for either men or women between BMI and whether or not they reported extreme emotional or sexual satisfaction with their relationship.Conclusions:  With the exception of body image difficulties, there is little association between BMI and self‐reported sexual difficulties. Furthermore, extreme sexual and emotional satisfaction appeared to be associated with the presence or absence of sexual difficulties and not overly influenced by BMI. Overall, clinicians and patients should be aware that being overweight is not necessarily detrimental to sexual functioning.
Cord blood transplantation in Western Australia
Authors: Purtill D. , Cooney J. , Cannell P. , Herrmann R. , Trimboli F. , Carter T. , Baker D. , Cole C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground/Aims:  Thirty‐one umbilical cord blood transplants performed in Western Australia were retrospectively examined in order to document local experience and relevant prognostic factors. Three cord units were from human leucocyte antigen‐matched siblings and the remainder were unrelated single (n= 22) or double (n= 6) cord blood transplants.Methods:  Twenty patients were transplanted for malignant conditions and 11 for non‐malignant conditions. Cord units contained a median of 5.6 × 107 total nucleated cells/kg and 1.4 × 105 CD34+ cells/kg. Cumulative incidence of neutrophil engraftment was 76% at day 60.Results:  Of those who did not engraft, two patients remain alive following subsequent allogeneic bone marrow transplant. There were no deaths caused by graft‐versus‐host disease. Overall survival at median follow up of 28 months was 62%. Two year overall survival was influenced by type of disease (non‐malignant = 91 ± 9% vs malignant = 41 ± 13%, P= 0.005), total nucleated cell dose (>3.5 × 107/kg = 87 ± 9% vs <3.5 × 107/kg = 34 ± 15%, P= 0.01) and CD34 dose (>1.7 × 105/kg = 92% vs <1.7 × 105/kg = 46%, P= 0.04). Age and human leucocyte antigen match did not influence survival. Four relapses occurred, all of which were fatal.Conclusion:  Cord blood transplantation for malignant and non‐malignant disease is practised in Western Australia and outcomes are satisfactory. Trends and techniques in cord blood transplantation in this state are comparable with those observed nationally and overseas. Although numbers are small, cell dose appears to be predictive of overall survival.
Spontaneous conversion of first onset atrial fibrillation
Authors: Lindberg S. , Hansen S. , Nielsen T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground/AimWe studied all patients admitted to hospital with first onset atrial fibrillation (AF) to determine the probability of spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm and to identify factors predictive of such a conversion.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed charts of 438 consecutive patients admitted to hospital with first onset AF from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2009. The patients were divided into two groups, recent onset AF defined as AF < 48 h or longer lasting AF, defined as AF > 48 h.ResultsSpontaneous conversion occurred in 54% (n = 203; 95% confidence interval: 49–59%). In the group with first onset AF < 48 h, spontaneous conversion occurred in 77%, compared with 36% in the group with first onset AF > 48 h. Logistic regression analysis identified duration of AF as a highly significant predictor of spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm (odds ratio 5.9; 95% confidence interval: 4.0–8.6, P < 0.001).ConclusionsSpontaneous conversion occurred in 54%, increasing to 77% when AF had persisted less than 48 h.
Rural Victorian Telestroke project
Authors: Nagao K. J. , Koschel A. , Haines H. M. , Bolitho L. E. , Yan B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous thrombolysis improves functional outcomes in acute ischaemic stroke. However, many rural stroke patients are denied thrombolysis because of a rural neurologist shortage. ‘Telestroke’ facilitates thrombolysis by providing remote access to neurologists via videoconferencing systems.AimsTo develop a safe and feasible Telestroke system in a rural Victorian hospital that facilitates delivery of intravenous thrombolysis to acute ischaemic stroke patients.MethodsA pilot videoconferencing Telestroke system was set up between Royal Melbourne Hospital and Northeast Health Wangaratta. Acute stroke patients presenting within 4.5 h of symptom onset without intracranial haemorrhage were eligible for Telestroke. However, eligible patients were excluded from Telestroke if they had haemorrhagic risk factors. Data were collected from intervention (October 2009–September 2010) and control group (October 2008–September 2009) by medical file audit. Primary outcome measure was percentage of patients thrombolysed. Secondary outcome measures included incidence of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage and door‐to‐computed tomography time.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐five acute stroke patients presented in control year and 130 patients in intervention year. Fifty‐four patients in intervention and 36 patients in control group were eligible for thrombolysis. In intervention group, 24 patients had Telestroke activated and 8 patients underwent thrombolysis. There was no thrombolysis in the control group. There were neither symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhages nor deaths attributable to thrombolysis. Median door‐to‐computed tomography time did not significantly differ between eligible patients in control and intervention groups.ConclusionTelestroke has the potential to bridge the gap of rural–metropolitan inequality in acute stroke care. Our Telestroke system successfully introduced safe thrombolysis and early specialist review of acute stroke patients in rural Victoria.
Social defeat stress induces hyperthermia through activation of thermoregulatory sympathetic premotor neurons in the medullary raphe region
Authors: Lkhagvasuren Battuvshin , Nakamura Yoshiko , Oka Takakazu , Sudo Nobuyuki , Nakamura Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPsychological stress‐induced hyperthermia is a fundamental autonomic response in mammals. However, the central circuitry underlying this stress response is poorly understood. Here, we sought to identify sympathetic premotor neurons that mediate a hyperthermic response to social defeat stress, a psychological stress model. Intruder rats that were defeated by a dominant resident conspecific exhibited a rapid increase in abdominal temperature by up to 2.0 °C. In these defeated rats, we found that expression of Fos, a marker of neuronal activation, was increased in the rostral medullary raphe region centered in the rostral raphe pallidus and adjacent raphe magnus nuclei. In this region, Fos expression was observed in a large population of neurons expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3), which are known as sympathetic premotor neurons controlling non‐shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and thermoregulatory constriction of skin blood vessels, and also in a small population of tryptophan hydroxylase‐positive serotonergic neurons. Intraperitoneal injection of diazepam, an anxiolytic agent, but not indomethacin, an antipyretic, significantly reduced both the stress‐induced hyperthermia and Fos expression in these medullary raphe neuronal populations. Systemic blockade of β3‐adrenoreceptors, which are abundantly expressed in BAT, also attenuated the stress‐induced hyperthermia. These results suggest that psychological stress signals activate VGLUT3‐expressing medullary raphe sympathetic premotor neurons, which then drive hyperthermic effector responses including BAT thermogenesis through β3‐adrenoreceptors.
Everted third eyelid cartilage in a cat: a case report and literature review
Authors: Williams David , Middleton Sheldon , Caldwell Adele 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old neutered female British Blue cat was presented with a presumed diagnosis of a prolapsed nictitans gland and associated ocular irritation and epiphora. However, during surgery, the apparent nictitans gland protrusion was determined to be an everted cartilage of the nictitating membrane. The scrolled portion of the cartilage was removed through an incision through the conjunctiva on the bulbar aspect of the third eyelid, as previously described in the dog. This operation resolved the ocular irritation occurring, and the third eyelid returned to its anatomically correct position.