bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of tetracycline in plasma, synovial fluid and milk using single intravenous and single intravenous regional doses in dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis
Authors: RODRIGUES C. A. , HUSSNI C. A. , NASCIMENTO E. S. , ESTEBAN C. , PERRI S. H. V. 
Published: April 2010

Rodrigues, C. A., Hussni, C. A., Nascimento, E. S., Esteban, C., Perri, S. H. V. Pharmacokinetics of tetracycline in plasma, synovial fluid and milk using single intravenous and single intravenous regional doses in dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2885.2009.01138.x.The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of tetracycline in plasma, synovial fluid, and milk following either a single systemic intravenous (i.v.) injection or a single i.v. regional antibiosis (IVRA) administration of tetracycline hydrochloride to dairy cattle with papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD). To this end, plasma and synovial fluid tetracycline concentrations were compared with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the major bacteria, which are known to cause digital diseases and thus assess its efficacy in PDD. Residual tetracycline concentrations in milk from cows treated by both methods were also determined. Twelve Holstein cows with various stages of PDD were randomly assigned to two groups of six animals. Group 1 received a single systemic i.v. injection of 10 mg/kg of tetracycline hydrochloride. Group 2 received 1000 mg of tetracycline hydrochloride by IVRA of the affected limb. Blood, synovial fluid and milk samples were taken prior to tetracycline administration (time 0 control), and then at 22, 45 and 82 min, and 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h following drug administration. Tetracycline concentrations were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Mean tetracycline plasma and milk concentrations in Group 1 were higher than Group 2. The opposite was observed for synovial fluid concentrations. Group 2 synovial fluid concentrations were higher than the MIC value over 24 h for the bacteria most frequently responsible for claw disease. Compared with i.v. administration, IVRA administration of tetracycline produced very high synovial fluid and low plasma and milk concentrations.
Efficacy of intramuscular polysulfated glycosaminoglycan in a controlled study of equine carpitis
Authors: VERDE C. , FERRANTE M. , SIMPSON M. I. , BABUSCI M. , BROGLIA G. , LANDONI M. F. 
Published: April 2010

Verde, C., Ferrante, M., Simpson, M. I., Babusci, M., Broglia, G., Landoni I, M. F. Efficacy of intramuscular polysulfated glycosaminoglycan in a controlled study of equine carpitis.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2885.2009.01154.x.Twelve healthy horses were subject to the monoioidoacetate (MIA) carpitis model, which was allowed to develop for 7 days. The horses were then randomly divided into two groups. Group A (control) received an intramuscular injection of normal saline every 4 days for a total of seven injections while group B received 500 mg of a PSGAG (SYNTEX CSY36) intramuscularly every 4 days for seven treatments. Efficacy of the PSGAG was evaluated by three clinical outcomes: lameness score, carpal circumference and maximum carpal flexion. Clinical outcomes were measured on days ‐8 (previous to carpitis induction), 0 (previous to drug treatment), 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. Areas under the curve clinical outcome as function of time were built and used as variables for the statistical analysis. There was less joint circumference enlargement and lameness and greater carpal flexion in PSGAG‐treated horses compared with that in controls. The studied compound has demonstrated to be efficacious on the treatment of a chemically induced carpitis in horses.
The pharmacokinetics of mavacoxib, a long‐acting COX‐2 inhibitor, in young adult laboratory dogs
Authors: COX S. R. , LESMAN S. P. , BOUCHER J. F. , KRAUTMANN M. J. , HUMMEL B. D. , SAVIDES M. , MARSH S. , FIELDER A. , STEGEMANN M. R. 
Published: April 2010

Cox, S.R., Lesman, S.P., Boucher, J.F., Krautmann, M.J., Hummel, B.D., Savides, M., Marsh, S., Fielder, A., Stegemann, M.R. The pharmacokinetics of mavacoxib, a long‐acting COX‐2 inhibitor, in young adult laboratory dogs.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.33, 461–470.The pharmacokinetics of mavacoxib were evaluated in an absolute bioavailability study, a dose‐proportionality study and a multi‐dose study in young healthy adult laboratory Beagle dogs and in a multi‐dose safety study in Beagle‐sized laboratory Mongrel dogs. When administered as the commercial tablet formulation at 4 mg/kg body weight (bw) to fasted dogs, the absolute bioavailability (F) of mavacoxib was 46.1%; F increased to 87.4% when mavacoxib was administered with food. Following intravenous administration, the total body plasma clearance of mavacoxib was 2.7 mL·h/kg, and the apparent volume of distribution at steady‐state was 1.6 L/kg. The plasma protein binding of mavacoxib was approximately 98% in variousin vitroandex vivostudies. The dose‐normalized area under the plasma concentration–time curve was similar in Beagle and Beagle‐sized Mongrel dogs when mavacoxib was administered with food. Mavacoxib exhibited dose‐proportional pharmacokinetics for single oral doses of 2–12 mg/kg in Beagle dogs and for multiple oral doses of 5–25 mg/kg in Beagle‐sized Mongrel dogs. Only minor accumulation occurred when mavacoxib was administered at doses of 2–25 mg/kg bw orally to laboratory dogs with a 2‐week interval between the 1st two doses but with a monthly interval thereafter. Across all three Beagle studies (n = 63) the median terminal elimination half‐life (t½) was 16.6 days, with individual values ranging 7.9–38.8 days. The prolongedt½for mavacoxib supports the approved regimen in which doses are separated by 2–4 weeks.
Early Changes in Frequency of Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Severe Traumatic Brain‐Injured Patients
Authors: Mrakovcic‐Sutic I. , Tokmadzic V. Sotosek , Laskarin G. , Mahmutefendic H. , Lucin P. , Zupan Z. , Sustic A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractInfections are leading causes of increased morbidity and mortality of severe traumatic brain‐injured (STBI) patients. The mechanism underlying the susceptibility to the infections is still unexplained. The purpose of the study was to investigate changes in frequency of leucocytes subpopulations in peripheral blood of patients with STBI during the course of intensive care treatment. Twenty patients with STBI were included in the study. Healthy age‐ and sex‐ volunteers served as control. Peripheral blood samples were taken from these patients at day 1, 4 and 7, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated. The percentage of T, B lymphocyte, NK and NKT cells as well as monocytes was analysed by simultaneous detection of surface antigens using fluorochrome‐conjugated monoclonal antibodies. The two major subsets of T lymphocytes (CD3+CD56−CD4+and CD3+CD56−CD8+) and NK cells (CD3−CD56+dimand CD3−CD56+bright) were also analysed by flow cytometry. Extracranial infections were presented in 55% patients with STBI. At day 4, the percentage of T lymphocytes with cytotoxic phenotype significantly diminished and their numbers restored at day 7. The frequency of NKT cells showed the identical time‐dependent pattern, whereas the percentage of NK cells diminished on day 4 but did not restore after 7 days. The frequency of B lymphocytes did not change significantly during the time investigated, whereas the percentage of monocytes increased immediately after the injury and gradually diminished. The decrease in cells with cytotoxic phenotype might explain high incidence of susceptibility to infection of patients with STBI.
Determination of Kininogens Levels and Kallikrein/Kininase II Activities in Patients with Thromboangiitis Obliterans
Authors: Dellalibera‐Joviliano R. , Joviliano E. E. , Évora P. R. B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSome components of the kinin system such as plasma kallikrein levels, the activities of tissue kallikrein (including saliva) and kininase II and the concentrations of kininogen fractions (low‐molecular weight/LKg and high‐molecular weight/HKg) were evaluated in the plasma of patients with thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) presenting clinical symptoms of the condition. Twenty TAO were diagnosed by means of the traditional Shionoya and Olin criteria and later classified into non‐smokers (n = 11) and active smokers (n = 9). Fifty‐three normal, non‐smoking/smoking individuals (control) were also studied. Kininogen levels were determined by ELISA; the activities of kallikreins and kininase II were determined using selective substrates. The levels of enzymes (kallikreins and kininase II) and protein (kininogens) were significantly higher in patients with TAO who were active smokers compared to the control groups (no matter whether control individuals were active smokers or non‐smokers,P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Interestingly, regardless of the time of disease onset, a significant increase in the levels of these components of the kinin system was also observed in patients when TAO active smokers were compared with TAO ex‐smokers (P < 0.01 for all analysed parameters). Activation of the kinin system in patients with TAO may indicate the involvement of vasodilatation in an attempt to control vascular changes, thereby favouring the deposition of immune complexes at the vascular level because of nicotine stimulation. Moreover, our results corroborate the idea that TAO can be an autoimmune disorder with specific mechanisms.
Identification of Phytoplasmas Associated with Cultivated and Ornamental Plants in Kerman Province, Iran
Authors: Tazehkand Susan Asghari , Pour Akbar Hosseini , Heydarnejad Jahangir , Varsani Arvind , Massumi Hossain 
Published: April 2010

AbstractKerman Province is a major agricultural centre in south‐eastern Iran and an increase in agricultural activities results in an increase in disease. We report phytoplasmal infections in Iran of five plant species; spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and Aegean wallflower (Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz; Family Brassicaceae) using in silico restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis. Amplicons of approximately 300 bp were amplified using polymerase chain reaction amplification with universal P3/P7 primer pair. The amplified products were cloned and sequenced. On the basis of in silico restriction analysis of the amplicon digested with 17 distinct restriction enzymes and 16/23S spacer region sequence, Erysimum and cucumber phyllodies (EPh and CuPh2, respectively) were 100% identical and showed closest similarity with members of the peanut witches’‐broom group (16SrII). Whereas spinach yellows (SpY) and canola phyllody (CaPh) revealed closest homology with phytoplasmas of the aster yellows group (AY) 16SrI. Mixed infections of the SuWB sample were confirmed in which two different phytoplasmas belonging to 16SrII and 16SrVI groups were found. This is the first report of phytoplasmal infection of Aegean wallflower (EPh) caused by a phytoplasma belonging to the 16SrII group. While spinach phytoplasmas have been isolated in the past; however, our isolate from spinach belonging to the 16SrI group is the first spinach isolate from Iran.
Covert attention allows for continuous control of brain–computer interfaces
Authors: Bahramisharif Ali , Van Gerven Marcel , Heskes Tom , Jensen Ole 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWhile brain‐computer interfaces (BCIs) can be used for controlling external devices, they also hold the promise of providing a new tool for studying the working brain. In this study we investigated whether modulations of brain activity by changes in covert attention can be used as a continuous control signal for BCI. Covert attention is the act of mentally focusing on a peripheral sensory stimulus without changing gaze direction. The ongoing brain activity was recorded using magnetoencephalography in subjects as they covertly attended to a moving cue while maintaining fixation. Based on posterior alpha power alone, the direction to which subjects were attending could be recovered using circular regression. Results show that the angle of attention could be predicted with a mean absolute deviation of 51° in our best subject. Averaged over subjects, the mean deviation was ∼70°. In terms of information transfer rate, the optimal data length used for recovering the direction of attention was found to be 1700 ms; this resulted in a mean absolute deviation of 60° for the best subject. The results were obtained without any subject‐specific feature selection and did not require prior subject training. Our findings demonstrate that modulations of posterior alpha activity due to the direction of covert attention has potential as a control signal for continuous control in a BCI setting. Our approach will have several applications, including a brain‐controlled computer mouse and improved methods for neuro‐feedback that allow direct training of subjects’ ability to modulate posterior alpha activity.
Protected raspberry production accelerates onset of oviposition by vine weevils (Otiorhynchus sulcatus)
Authors: Johnson Scott N. , Petitjean Sébastien , Clark Katherine E. , Mitchell Carolyn 
Published: April 2010

Soft fruit production is increasingly reliant on crops that are grown under the protection of plastic tunnels, which may also affect insect communities as a result of localized climate change and changes to host plant physiology and chemistry. In particular, insect development rates may differ from field populations, making it more difficult to target control measures.
The present study investigated how protected environments affected adult vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) feeding and reproduction on red raspberry (Rubus idaeus). We focused on the period between adult emergence and the onset of oviposition (i.e. the pre‐reproductive period), which represents the optimal period for control.
Tunnels were up to 4 °C warmer than field plantations in 2008, with plants growing significantly faster (50% increase in height and 16% increase in leaf area) than field grown plants. The carbon/nitrogen ratio in leaves was higher in tunnels (12.07) than the field (10.89) as a result of a significant decrease in nitrogen concentrations (3.40 and 3.90 mg g−1, respectively).
Over 4 weeks, weevils consumed significantly more foliage in tunnels (370.89 mg) than weevils in the field (166.68 mg), suggesting compensatory feeding to counteract lower leaf nitrogen concentrations. Weevils in tunnels achieved sexual maturity 8 days earlier than those in the field and produced 20‐fold more eggs by the time they were 5 weeks old.
Applying a degree‐day model showed good agreement between predicted and observed pre‐reproductive periods for weevils in tunnels (36 and 30 days, respectively) and in field plots (41 and 38 days, respectively).
Research Note: Comparing indigenous language revitalisation: Te reo Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand and Mapudungun in Chile
Authors: Gallegos Carina , Murray Warwick E. , Evans Monica 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article provides a comparative investigation of education programmes intended to revitalise te reo (the language of the Māori, indigenous to Aotearoa New Zealand) and Mapudungun (the language of the Mapuche, indigenous to Chile), respectively. The historical processes of colonisation and globalisation in Chile and Aotearoa New Zealand that have threatened indigenous language are outlined, and revitalisation efforts subsequently described and assessed. Finally, the disparities in success that the two countries have experienced in their revitalisation efforts are examined, and some recommendations made.
Wishful sinking: Disappearing islands, climate refugees and cosmopolitan experimentation
Authors: Farbotko Carol 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDisappearing islands and climate refugees have become signifiers of the scale and urgency of uneven impacts of climate change. This paper offers a critical account of how sea level rise debates reverberate around Western mythologies of island laboratories. I argue that representations of low‐lying Oceania islands as experimental spaces burden these sites with providing proof of a global climate change crisis. The emergence of Tuvalu as a climate change ‘canary’ has inscribed its islands as a location where developed world anxieties about global climate change are articulated. As Tuvalu islands and Tuvaluan bodies become sites to concretize climate science's statistical abstractions, they can enforce an eco‐colonial gaze on Tuvalu and its inhabitants. Expressions of ‘wishful sinking’ create a problematic moral geography in some prominent environmentalist narratives: only after they disappear are the islands useful as an absolute truth of the urgency of climate change, and thus a prompt to save the rest of the planet.
Geometry‐Driven Local Neighbourhood Based Predictors for Dynamic Mesh Compression
Authors: Váša Libor , Skala Václav 
Published: April 2010

Abstract The task of dynamic mesh compression seeks to find a compact representation of a surface animation, while the artifacts introduced by the representation are as small as possible. In this paper, we present two geometric predictors, which are suitable for PCA‐based compression schemes. The predictors exploit the knowledge about the geometrical meaning of the data, which allows a more accurate prediction, and thus a more compact representation. We also provide rate/distortion curves showing that our approach outperforms the current PCA‐based compression methods by more than 20%.
Prevalence and factors associated with renal impairment in HIV‐infected patients, ANRS C03 Aquitaine Cohort, France
Authors: Déti EK , Thiébaut R , Bonnet F , Lawson‐Ayayi S , Dupon M , Neau D , Pellegrin JL , Malvy D , Tchamgoué S , Dabis F , Morlat P ,   for the Groupe d'Epidémiologie Clinique du SIDA en Aquitaine (GECSA)
Published: April 2010

ObjectivesThe aims of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of renal impairment (RI) among HIV‐infected adult patients and to investigate the associated factors.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in a French hospital‐based cohort. Clearance of creatinine (CC) was calculated using the Cockcroft–Gault formula. Four stages of RI were defined: mild (60–90 mL/min), moderate (30–60), severe (15–30) and end stage (<15). Logistic regression models were used to investigate factors associated with RI.ResultsThe male/female ratio of the 2588 patients enrolled was 3:1 and the median age was 42 years. At the time of assessment of CC, the median CD4 count was 430 cells/μL and HIV plasma viral load (VL) was<50 copies/mL in 60%. The overall prevalence of RI was 39.0%: 34.2% mild, 4.4% moderate, 0.3% severe and 0.2% end‐stage. Mild RI was associated with female gender [odds ratio (OR)=3.3: 95% CI 2.6–4.3)], age >50 years (OR=9.8: 7.4–13.0) and 40–50 years (OR=1.9: 1.5–2.4), body mass index (BMI) <22 kg/m2 (OR=3.3: 2.7–4.3) and tenofovir exposure (OR=1.4: 1.0–1.9 for <1 year and OR=1.5: 1.2–2.0 for >1 year). Advanced RI (CC <60 mL/min) was associated with age >50 years (OR=5.6: 2.9–10.9) and 40–50 years (OR=2.2: 1.1–1.4), BMI <22 kg/m2 (OR=1.5: 1.0–2.4), hypertension (OR=2.5: 1.4–2.5) and indinavir (IDV) exposure >1 year (OR=2.3: 1.5–3.6).ConclusionThis survey confirms the high prevalence of RI in HIV‐infected patients and indicates the importance of the investigation of renal function especially in women, older patients, those with a low BMI or treated with tenofovir or IDV.
Personality, stress and coping in intensive care nurses: a descriptive exploratory study
Authors: Burgess Lorraine , Irvine Fiona , Wallymahmed Akhtar 
Published: April 2010

Aim:The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits, perception of workplace stress and coping among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses.Background:Research has indicated that ICUs are stressful environments. There is a tendency for research studies to investigate causes of stress and ways of coping, but few studies, particularly in recent years, have considered the personality traits of the staff who thrive in this challenging environment, the work stress they perceive and the coping strategies they use.Method:A convenience sample of critical care nurses (n= 46) completed three standardised questionnaires during September 2007: the revised NEO personality inventory (NEO‐PI‐R); the nurses stress scale (NSI) and the Brief Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE) scale.Findings:ICU nurses did not perceive their workplaces to be stressful. Certain personality traits, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness, were associated with problem‐solving coping strategies such as active planning and reframing. Openness and extraversion were associated with less perceived stress from the ‘patients and relatives' dimension of the NSI; there were also negative correlations between conscientiousness and the ‘workload stress' and stress from lack of ‘confidence and competence’ dimensions of the NSI.Conclusion:Certain personality traits may have a buffering effect on workplace stress. Pre‐employment screening to identify staff that exhibit personality and coping traits associated with low perceived stress may be considered as part of the recruitment strategy to address problems relating to stress, sickness and retention.Relevance to clinical practice:The retention and recruitment of staff who have lower perceived workplace stress and who utilise problem‐focused coping may result in less reported absences and fewer critical incidents and errors.
Non‐therapeutic omission of medications in acutely ill patients
Authors: Warne Siobhan , Endacott Ruth , Ryan Helen , Chamberlain Wendy , Hendry Julie , Boulanger Carole , Donlin Nicola 
Published: April 2010

Aims and objectives: To examine documentation of medication administration in medical and surgical patients. Study objectives: (1) Determine the point prevalence of non‐therapeutic medication omissions; (2) identify documented reasons for non‐therapeutic medication omissions; (3) examine the relationship between length of stay and medication omissions; and (4) explore the impact of outlier status (e.g. medical patients managed on surgical wards) on medication administration. Background: Acutely ill patients are particularly sensitive to health care errors. We previously identified a 26% rate of non‐therapeutic medication omissions in patients admitted unexpectedly to intensive care unit (ICU) from medical and surgical wards. Design: A point prevalence survey of 162 medical and surgical patients across four sites in the South West of England. Method: Data collected included: all instances of, and reasons for, non‐therapeutic medication omission. We also recorded whether the patient was an ‘outlier’ and examined nursing documentation where no reason for medication omission was given on the drug chart. Results: The number of patients who missed at least one medication was high across all sites (n = 129/162; 79.6%, range 60–88%), with a total of 1077 doses omitted. Patients who were outliers (e.g. surgical patients on a medical ward) were more likely to miss medications (100% versus 74%, p < 0.001). The most common missed medications were analgesia and anti‐inflammatory drugs (28%, 299/1077); 203 of these were due to patient refusal. Conclusions: The extent of medications omitted for non‐therapeutic reasons in medical and surgical patients is of concern. None were recorded as an adverse drug event; however, the extent of omitted or refused medications suggests the need for a review of prescribing and drug administration processes. These findings have important implications for the role of ICU outreach and liaison services, for example, including medication management in the monitoring of patients pre/post‐ICU admission and support/education provided for ward staff. Relevance to clinical practice: Detailed analysis of medication records suggests a number of areas of medication administration that would benefit from review.