bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence to Influenza A(H1N1) 2009 Virus—Where Are We?
Authors: Broberg Eeva , Nicoll Angus , Amato-Gauci Andrew 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
Age-specific seroprevalences for influenza virus make important contributions to estimating the burden of infection and determining the vulnerable populations. It is especially difficult to know the true clinical attack rates of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic; however, we can estimate infection rates through analyses of seroprevalences based on national studies from different continents and countries with different demographics. After the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic, seroprevalence studies found 5 to 60% of populations across different continents and age groups having antibodies against the A(H1N1) 2009 virus. The seropositivity was highest in children and teenagers (20 to 60%) as well as in the elderly older than 80 years (20 to 40%). Preexisting cross-reactive antibodies against the virus were present mostly in sera of older people (born before 1950) who could have encountered viruses descended from the 1918 pandemic viruses. Experience with the 2009 pandemic indicates how essential early and timely serology data against the emerging virus can be for informing decisions on use of antivirals and vaccination campaigns, especially in regard to risk groups. The objectives of this review were to summarize the current data available on seroprevalence before and after the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic and the lessons learned for future pandemic preparedness.
Comparison of Two Molecular Methods for Rapid Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Causse Manuel , Ruiz Pilar , Gutiérrez-Aroca Juan Bautista , Casal Manuel 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Application of real-time PCR for the detection of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
enables results to be obtained in about 2 h. A total of 340 nonrespiratory samples were processed using two real-time PCR assay kits: Xpert MTB/RIF and Cobas TaqMan MTB. The sensitivity and specificity of the Xpert assay were 95% and 100%, respectively, compared to 78% and 98% for the Cobas assay.
Rapid Identification of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: McTaggart Lisa R. , Lei Eric , Richardson Susan E. , Hoang Linda , Fothergill Annette , Zhang Sean X. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT

Compared to DNA sequence analysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) correctly identified 100% of
Cryptococcus
species, distinguishing the notable pathogens
Cryptococcus neoformans
and
C. gattii
. Identification was greatly enhanced by supplementing a commercial spectral library with additional entries to account for subspecies variability.
Diagnostic Consequences of Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B Polymorphisms
Authors: Novak Zdenek , Chowdhury Nazma , Ross Shannon A. , Pati Sunil K. , Fowler Karen , Boppana Suresh B. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
Failure of a cytomegalovirus (CMV) real-time PCR assay targeting glycoprotein B (gB) was investigated. A multiplex assay targeting gB and immediate-early 2 (IE2) genes showed discordant results (gB negative and IE positive or a >10-fold-higher viral load with IE primers) in saliva from 14.6% of CMV-infected newborns. Sequencing revealed 3 patterns of gB variations.
Characterization of Glycosylation Profiles of HIV-1 Transmitted/Founder Envelopes by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Go Eden P. , Hewawasam Geetha , Liao Hua-Xin , Chen Haiyan , Ping Li-Hua , Anderson Jeffrey A. , Hua David C. , Haynes Barton F. , Desaire Heather 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
The analysis of HIV-1 envelope carbohydrates is critical to understanding their roles in HIV-1 transmission as well as in binding of envelope to HIV-1 antibodies. However, direct analysis of protein glycosylation by glycopeptide-based mass mapping approaches involves structural simplification of proteins with the use of a protease followed by an isolation and/or enrichment step before mass analysis. The successful completion of glycosylation analysis is still a major analytical challenge due to the complexity of samples, wide dynamic range of glycopeptide concentrations, and glycosylation heterogeneity. Here, we use a novel experimental workflow that includes an up-front complete or partial enzymatic deglycosylation step before trypsin digestion to characterize the glycosylation patterns and maximize the glycosylation coverage of two recombinant HIV-1 transmitted/founder envelope oligomers derived from clade B and C viruses isolated from acute infection and expressed in 293T cells. Our results show that both transmitted/founder Envs had similar degrees of glycosylation site occupancy as well as similar glycan profiles. Compared to 293T-derived recombinant Envs from viruses isolated from chronic HIV-1, transmitted/founder Envs displayed marked differences in their glycosylation site occupancies and in their amounts of complex glycans. Our analysis reveals that the glycosylation patterns of transmitted/founder Envs from two different clades (B and C) are more similar to each other than they are to the glycosylation patterns of chronic HIV-1 Envs derived from their own clades.
Interleukin-1α Mediates the Antiproliferative Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Prostate Progenitor/Stem Cells
Authors: Maund Sophia L. , Barclay Wendy W. , Hover Laura D. , Axanova Linara S. , Sui Guangchao , Hipp Jason D. , Fleet James C. , Thorburn Andrew , Cramer Scott D. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a promising preventative and therapeutic agent for prostate cancer, but its implementation is hampered by a lack of understanding about its mechanism of action. Upon treatment with 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3, vitamin D3], the metabolically active form of vitamin D3, adult prostate progenitor/stem cells (PrP/SC) undergo cell-cycle arrest, senescence, and differentiation to an androgen receptor–positive luminal epithelial cell fate. Microarray analyses of control- and vitamin D3–treated PrP/SCs revealed global gene expression signatures consistent with induction of differentiation. Interestingly, one of the most highly upregulated genes by vitamin D3 was the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α (IL-1α). Systems biology analyses supported a central role for IL-1α in the vitamin D3 response in PrP/SCs. siRNA-mediated knockdown of IL-1α abrogated vitamin D3–induced growth suppression, establishing a requirement for IL-1α in the antiproliferative effects of vitamin D3 in PrP/SCs. These studies establish a system to study the molecular profile of PrP/SC differentiation, proliferation, and senescence, and they point to an important new role for IL-1α in vitamin D3 signaling in PrP/SCs. Cancer Res; 71(15); 5276–86. ©2011 AACR.
Platelets regulate CD4+ T-cell differentiation via multiple chemokines in humans
Authors: Gerdes Norbert , Zhu Linjing , Ersoy Maria , Hermansson Andreas , Hjemdahl Paul , Hu Hu , Hansson Göran K. , Li Nailin 
Published: June 2011

SummaryAtherosclerosis is an inflammatory and thrombotic disease. Both platelets and lymphocytes play important roles in atherogenesis. However, information on their interaction is limited. We therefore studied how platelets regulate CD4+ T cell activation and differentiation. Human CD4+ T cells and autologous platelets were co-cultured. Platelets concentration-dependently enhanced anti-CD3/CD28-induced IFNγ production by CD4+ T cells, but attenuated their proliferation. Abrogation of heterotypic cell-cell contact partially reversed the enhancement, and supernatant from activated platelets partially mimicked the enhancement, suggesting that platelets exert their effects via both soluble mediators and direct cell-cell contact. Platelets enhanced the production of IL-10 and cytokines characteristic for type 1 T helper (TH1) (IFNγ/ TNFα) and TH17 (IL-17) cells, but influenced TH2 cytokines (IL-4/IL-5) little. The cytokine responses were accompanied by enhanced TH1/TH17/TReg differentiation. Using neutralising antibodies and recombinant PF4, RANTES, and TGFβ, we found that platelet-derived PF4 and RANTES enhanced both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production, whilst recombinant TGFβ enhanced IL-10 but not TNFα production. In conclusion, platelets enhance the differentiation and cytokine production of anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated CD4+ T cells via both multiple chemokines and direct cell-cell contact. Our study provides new insights into the cross-talk between thrombosis and adaptive immunity, and indicates that platelets can enhance T-effector cell development.
Gene expression profiling reveals the defining features of the classical, intermediate, and nonclassical human monocyte subsets
Authors: Wong Kok Loon , Tai June Jing-Yi , Wong Wing-Cheong , Han Hao , Sem Xiaohui , Yeap Wei-Hseun , Kourilsky Philippe , Wong Siew-Cheng 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNew official nomenclature subdivides human monocytes into 3 subsets: the classical (CD14++CD16−), intermediate (CD14++CD16+), and nonclassical (CD14+CD16++) monocytes. This introduces new challenges, as monocyte heterogeneity is mostly understood based on 2 subsets, the CD16− and CD16+ monocytes. Here, we comprehensively defined the 3 circulating human monocyte subsets using microarray, flow cytometry, and cytokine production analysis. We find that intermediate monocytes expressed a large majority (87%) of genes and surface proteins at levels between classical and nonclassical monocytes. This establishes their intermediary nature at the molecular level. We unveil the close relationship between the intermediate and nonclassic monocytes, along with features that separate them. Intermediate monocytes expressed highest levels of major histocompatibility complex class II, GFRα2 and CLEC10A, whereas nonclassic monocytes were distinguished by cytoskeleton rearrangement genes, inflammatory cytokine production, and CD294 and Siglec10 surface expression. In addition, we identify new features for classic monocytes, including AP-1 transcription factor genes, CLEC4D and IL-13Rα1 surface expression. We also find circumstantial evidence supporting the developmental relationship between the 3 subsets, including gradual changes in maturation genes and surface markers. By comprehensively defining the 3 monocyte subsets during healthy conditions, we facilitate target identification and detailed analyses of aberrations that may occur to monocyte subsets during diseases.
Comparative study on the in vitro and in vivo properties of two bovine herpesvirus-5 reference strains
Authors: Ladelfa María F , Del Médico Zajac María P , Kotsias Fiorella , Delgado Fernando , Muylkens Benoît , Thiry Julien , Thiry Etienne , Romera Sonia A 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundBovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is an alphaherpesvirus responsible for meningoencephalitis in young cattle and it is antigenically and genetically related to bovine herpesvirus 1. BoHV-5 outbreaks are sporadic and restricted in their geographical distribution, being mostly detected in the Southern hemisphere. The N569 and A663 strains are prototypes of the "a" and "b" subtypes of BoHV-5, however, scarce information about theirin vitroandin vivoproperties is currently available.MethodsFor thein vitrocomparison between BoHV-5 A663 and N569 strains, viral growth kinetics, lysis and infection plaque size assays were performed. Additionally, an experimental infection of cattle with BoHV-5 A663 and N569 strains was carried out. Viral excretion, development of neurological signs, presence of specific antibodies in serum and nasal swabs and presence of latent BoHV-5 DNA in trigeminal ganglion, were analyzed. Histopathological examination of samples belonging to inoculated animals was also performed.ResultsThe lytic capacity and the cell-to-cell spread was lower for the A663 strain compared to the N569 strain, however, the production of total infectious viral particles was similar between both strains. Concerning thein vivoproperties, the A663 and N569 strains are able to induce similar degrees of pathogenicity in cattle.ConclusionsOur results show that the A663 strain used in this study is less adapted toin vitroreplication in MDBK cells than the N569 strain and, although slight differences were observed, both strains are able to induce a similar degree of virulence in the natural host.
Pain persists in DAS28 rheumatoid arthritis remission but not in ACR/EULAR remission: a longitudinal observational study
Authors: Lee Yvonne C , Cui Jing , Lu Bing , Frits Michelle L , Iannaccone Christine K , Shadick Nancy A , Weinblatt Michael E , Solomon Daniel H 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Disease remission has become a feasible goal for most rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients; however, patient-reported symptoms, such as pain, may persist despite remission. We assessed the prevalence of pain in RA patients in remission according to the Disease Activity Score (DAS28-CRP4) and the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) remission criteria.

Methods
Data were analyzed from RA patients in the Brigham Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study with data at baseline and 1 year. DAS28 remission was defined as DAS28-CRP4 <2.6. The ACR/EULAR remission criteria included (a) one or more swollen joints, (b) one or more tender joints, (c) C-reactive protein ≤1 mg/dl, and (d) patient global assessment score ≤1. Pain severity was measured by using the pain score from the Multi-Dimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ). The associations between baseline clinical predictors and MDHAQ pain at baseline and 1 year were assessed by using multivariable linear regression.

Results
Among the 865 patients with data at baseline and 1 year, 157 (18.2%) met DAS28-CRP4 remission criteria at both time points. Thirty-seven (4.3%) met the ACR/EULAR remission criteria at baseline and 1 year. The prevalence of clinically significant pain (MDHAQ pain ≥4) at baseline ranged from 11.9% among patients meeting DAS28-CRP4 remission criteria to none among patients meeting ACR/EULAR remission criteria. Patient global assessment, MDHAQ function, MDHAQ fatigue, MDHAQ sleep, and arthritis self-efficacy were significantly associated with MDHAQ pain in cross-sectional (P ≤ 0.0005) and longitudinal analyses (P ≤ 0.03). Low swollen-joint counts were associated with high MDHAQ pain in longitudinal analyses (P = 0.02) but not cross-sectional analyses. Other measures of inflammatory disease activity and joint damage were not significantly associated with MDHAQ pain at baseline or at 1 year.

Conclusions
Clinically significant pain continues among a substantial proportion of patients in DAS28 remission but not among those in ACR/EULAR remission. Among patients in DAS28 remission, patient global assessment, disability, fatigue, sleep problems, and self-efficacy are strongly associated with pain severity at baseline and 1 year, whereas inflammatory disease activity and joint damage are not significantly associated with elevated pain severity at either baseline or 1 year.
Surface and volume characterization of TiO2 nanomaterials by 44Ti time differential perturbed angular correlation
Authors: Butz T. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Various TiO2 nanomaterials with primary particle sizes well below 10 nm and TiO2 nanotubes with the anatase structure were studied via the nuclear quadrupole interaction (NQI) of44Ti(EC)44Sc by time differential perturbed angular correlation. In general two different NQIs were observed, the lower one attributed to the volume fraction because of the similarity to bulk values and the higher one to probes closest to the surface. Rather broad distributions of the strength of the interaction were observed which were different for nominally identical particles, contrary to the axial symmetry which is preserved to a very large extent. These distributions are interpreted as disorder arising from surface tension. These complications affect the interaction between these nanomaterials with biological systems and the environment and render toxicological assessments problematic. Dissolution studies in a synthetic body fluid mimicking blood plasma at 37 ºC for 4 weeks exhibited a very low solubility, but surprisingly slight changes in the volume fraction, probably due to surface adsorbates.
Spectroscopic monitoring of spent nuclear fuel reprocessing streams: an evaluation of spent fuel solutionsviaRaman, visible, and near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Bryan S. A. , Levitskaia Tatiana G. , Johnsen A. M. , Orton C. R. , Peterson J. M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe potential of using optical spectroscopic techniques, such as Raman and visible/near infrared (Vis/NIR), for on-line process control and special nuclear materials accountability applications at a spent nuclear fuel reprocessing facility was evaluated. The availability of on-line, real-time techniques that directly measure process concentrations of nuclear materials will enhance the performance and proliferation resistance of the solvent extraction processes. Further, on-line monitoring of radiochemical streams will also improve reprocessing plant operation and safety. This paper reviews the current state of development of the spectroscopic on-line monitoring techniques for such solutions. To further examine the applicability of optical spectroscopy for this application, segments of a spent nuclear fuel, with approximate burn-up values of 70 MW d/kg M, were dissolved in concentrated nitric acid and adjusted to varying final concentrations of HNO3. The resulting spent fuel solutions were batch-contacted with tributyl phosphate/n-dodecane organic solvent. The feed and equilibrium aqueous and loaded organic solutions were subjected to optical measurements. The obtained spectra showed the presence of quantifiable Raman bands due to NO3−and UO22+and Vis/NIR bands due to multiple species of Pu(IV), Pu(VI), Np(V), the Np(V)-U(VI) cation–cation complex, and Nd(III) in fuel solutions. This result justifies spectroscopic techniques as a promising methodology for monitoring spent fuel processing solutions in real-time. The fuel solution was quantitatively evaluated based on spectroscopic measurements and was compared to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy analysis and Oak Ridge Isotope Generator (ORIGEN)-based estimates.
Structure and properties of a multi-component crystal of 2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-iminium and an [MnIII
4] complex salt
Authors: Hołyńska Małgorzata , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
A two-component salt containing an [MnIII
4O2(OAc)7(phen)2]+ (OAc-0 = acetate, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) cation, a 2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-iminium cation, acetate anions and acetic acid molecules was synthesized and characterized. The presence of protonated 4-aminobenzothiazol causes structure directing intermolecular stacking and hydrogen bonds.
Massalongia olechiana (Massalongiaceae, Peltigerales), a new lichen species from the Antarctic
Authors: Alstrup Vagn , Søchting Ulrik 
Published: June 2011

Massalongia olechiana (Massalongiaceae, Peltigerales), a new lichen species from the Antarctic
A new species of lichenized ascomycete, Massalongia olechiana Alstrup et Søchting, sp. nov. (Massalongiaceae) is described from the South Shetland Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula. The species is distinguished by laminal isidia and 5-7-septate ascospores. The relationships with the other species of the genus are discussed. From Massalongia carnosa, recorded from both the Arctic and the Antarctic, the new species is distinguished by its lack of isidioid squamules and in having pluriseptate ascospores instead of 1-septate ascospores.
Analysis of cultivable aerobic bacteria isolated from bottom sediments in the Wijdefjorden region, Spitsbergen
Authors: Konieczna Iwona , Wojtasik Barbara , Kwinkowski Marek , Burska Dorota , Nowiński Kamil , Żarnowiec Paulina , Kaca Wiesław 
Published: June 2011

Analysis of cultivable aerobic bacteria isolated from bottom sediments in the Wijdefjorden region, SpitsbergenThe paper presents the first physicochemical and microbiological studies conducted in the northern area of Svalbard (Spitsbergen). Ten sediment samples were collected from the bottom of the longest fjord in the region, Wijdefjorden. Bottom sediments from ten lakes lo- cated along the shores of Wijdefjorden and Woodfjorden were also sampled. Organic matter content (LOI), water content, temperature, pH, and salinity of the sediments were determined. The quantity of aerobic bacteria cultured on various growth media at 4°C, 14°C, and 37°C ranged from 102to 106cfu/g of wet sediment mass, depending on the type of sampling station (fjord or lake). The number of bacteria did not correlate with organic matter content. Out of the 37 bacterial strains isolated from Wijdefjorden, 48% and 70% revealed ureolytic and proteolytic activity, respectively. The proportion of freshwater strains with ureolytic and proteolytic activitywas 32% and 55%, respectively. Antibiotic resistance testing indicated that bacterial strains from the bottom sediments of the lakes were resistant to 8 antibiotics (out of the 18 investigated). Possible sources of this resistance are discussed. Using 16S DNA analysis, bacterial isolates from the lakes were identified asPseudomonassp., whereas frequently occurring strains in bottom sediment of the fjord werePseudoalteromonassp.
Dynamic Performance of a Back-to-Back HVDC Station Based on Voltage Source Converters
Authors: Khatir Mohamed , Zidi Sid-Ahmed , Hadjeri Samir , Fellah Mohammed-Karim 
Published: June 2011

Dynamic Performance of a Back-to-Back HVDC Station Based on Voltage Source Converters
The recent developments in semiconductors and control equipment have made the voltage source converter based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) feasible. This new DC transmission is known as "HVDC Light or "HVDC Plus by leading vendors. Due to the use of VSC technology and pulse width modulation (PWM) the VSC-HVDC has a number of potential advantages as compared with classic HVDC. In this paper, the scenario of back-to-back VSC-HVDC link connecting two adjacent asynchronous AC networks is studied. Control strategy is implemented and its dynamic performances during disturbances are investigated in MATLAB/Simulink program. The simulation results have shown good performance of the proposed system under balanced and unbalanced fault conditions.
Approaches to Performance Analysis of Packed Switched Optical Ring
Authors: Lacković Marko 
Published: June 2011

Approaches to Performance Analysis of Packed Switched Optical Ring
An optical ring network employing optical packet switching is investigated. An analytical approach allowing the computation of end-to-end cell loss ratio (CLR) is proposed. The CLR dependence on topological parameters (number of stations), network parameters (number of wavelengths), and node structure (buffer capacity) is computed assuming a uniform traffic load. A discrete event simulation confirms the analytical results.
Generalization of Patterns by Identification with Polynomial Neural Network
Authors: Zjavka Ladislav 
Published: June 2011

Generalization of Patterns by Identification with Polynomial Neural Network
Artificial neural networks (ANN) in general classify patterns according to their relationship, they are responding to related patterns with a similar output. Polynomial neural networks (PNN) are capable of organizing themselves in response to some features (relations) of the data. Polynomial neural network for dependence of variables identification (D-PNN) describes a functional dependence of input variables (not entire patterns). It approximates a hyper-surface of this function with multi-parametric particular polynomials forming its functional output as a generalization of input patterns. This new type of neural network is based on GMDH polynomial neural network and was designed by author. D-PNN operates in a way closer to the brain learning as the ANN does. The ANN is in principle a simplified form of the PNN, where the combinations of input variables are missing.