bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work engagement in nursing: a concept analysis
Authors: Antoinette Bargagliotti L. 
Published: November 2011

antoinette bargagliotti l. (2012) Work engagement in nursing: a concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(6), 1414–1428.AbstractAim.  This article is a report of an analysis of the concept of work engagement.Background.  Work engagement is the central issue for 21st century professionals and specifically for registered nurses. Conceptual clarity about work engagement gives empirical direction for future research and a theoretical underpinning for the myriad studies about nurses and their work environment.Method.  Walker and Avant’s method of concept analysis was used. Nursing, business, psychology and health sciences databases were searched using Science Direct, CINAHL, OVID, Academic One File, ABI INFORM and PsycINFO for publications that were: written in English, published between 1990 and 2010, and described or studied work engagement in any setting with any population.Results.  Work engagement is a positive, fulfilling state of mind about work that is characterized by vigour, dedication and absorption. Trust (organizationally, managerially and collegially) and autonomy are the antecedents of work engagement. The outcomes of nurses’ work engagement are higher levels of personal initiative that are contagious, decreased hospital mortality rates and significantly higher financial profitability of organizations.Conclusion.  When work engagement is conceptually removed from a transactional job demands‐resources model, the relational antecedents of trust and autonomy have greater explanatory power for work engagement in nurses. Untangling the antecedents, attributes and outcomes of work engagement is important to future research efforts.
Williams syndrome: a relationship between genetics, brain morphology and behaviour
Authors: Fahim C. , Yoon U. , Nashaat N. H. , Khalil A. K. , El‐Belbesy M. , Mancini‐Marie A. , Evans A. C. , Meguid N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  Genetically Williams syndrome (WS) promises to provide essential insight into the pathophysiology of cortical development because its ∼28 deleted genes are crucial for cortical neuronal migration and maturation. Phenotypically, WS is one of the most puzzling childhood neurodevelopmental disorders affecting most intellectual deficiencies (i.e. low‐moderate intelligence quotient, visuospatial deficits) yet relatively preserving what is uniquely human (i.e. language and social‐emotional cognition). Therefore, WS provides a privileged setting for investigating the relationship between genes, brain and the consequent complex human behaviour.Methods  We used in vivo anatomical magnetic resonance imaging analysing cortical surface‐based morphometry, (i.e. surface area , cortical volume , cortical thickness , gyrification index ) and cortical complexity , which is of particular relevance to the WS genotype–phenotype relationship in 22 children (2.27–14.6 years) to compare whole hemisphere and lobar surface‐based morphometry between WS (n = 10) and gender/age matched normal controls healthy controls (n = 12).Results  Compared to healthy controls, WS children had a (1) relatively preserved Cth; (2) significantly reduced SA and CV; (3) significantly increased GI mostly in the parietal lobe; and (4) decreased CC specifically in the frontal and parietal lobes.Conclusion  Our findings are then discussed with reference to the Rakic radial‐unit hypothesis of cortical development, arguing that WS gene deletions may spare Cth yet affecting the number of founder cells/columns/radial units, hence decreasing the SA and CV. In essence, cortical brain structure in WS may be shaped by gene‐dosage abnormalities.
A neuroimaging proof of principle study of Down's syndrome and dementia: ethical and methodological challenges in intrusive research
Authors: d'Abrera J. C. , Holland A. J. , Landt J. , Stocks‐Gee G. , Zaman S. H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground  Research into specific illnesses and the development of new treatments may only become possible as new technologies become available. When used for research, such technologies may best be described as ‘intrusive’, in that they require a considerable willingness and commitment on the part of the participants. This has increasingly been the case for brain disorders and illnesses where novel neuroimaging techniques, often combined with clinical and psychological assessments, have the potential to result in new understanding. People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have a history of under‐representation as participants in research using such technologies and are therefore at risk of not receiving equal access to state‐of‐the‐art treatments. We propose that ‘intrusive’ biomedical research is both possible and ethical in ID, and explore some of the methodological challenges by reference to a recent proof of principle study that used a relatively new ligand‐based brain scanning technique in a group of volunteers with Down's syndrome.Methods  Five overlapping stages of the study methodology were identified and evaluated for their acceptability to volunteers with mild to moderate ID through discussion, reflection, and analysis of structured feedback in the context of key policy documents, ethical guidelines and relevant legislation.Results  Identification of key ethical and methodological challenges from reflective practice and participant feedback facilitated the emergence of strategies that permitted continual refinement of the study design. Important areas considered included (1) being clear about the purpose and scientific justification for the study; (2) reconciling the potential risks and benefits with relevant ethical guidelines and legislation; (3) identifying and implementing effective recruitment strategies; (4) optimising and assessing capacity to consent; and (5) making the ‘intrusive’ procedures as acceptable as possible to people with ID.Conclusion  We were able to demonstrate that a proof of principle study incorporating a novel brain scanning technique in a group of volunteers with ID was feasible, safe and well tolerated, despite the vulnerabilities of the study cohort and the intrusive nature of the research. We consider the study within an ethical and historical discourse about the principles that define current ‘best practice’ in ID research and propose a number of key recommendations for making intrusive research acceptable in people with ID.
What can virtual patient simulation offer mental health nursing education?
Authors: GUISE V. , CHAMBERS M. , VÄLIMÄKI M. 
Published: November 2011

Accessible summary
Simulation has become a valuable educational tool with a variety of devices available for use.
Examples of simulation scenarios developed especially for use with psychiatric and mental health nursing students are scarce.
A simulation technique with considerable potential for the teaching and learning of essential mental health nursing skills is the narrative virtual patient.
Wider use of virtual patient tools would help establish if it is a viable educational device.
AbstractThis paper discusses the use of simulation in nursing education and training, including potential benefits and barriers associated with its use. In particular, it addresses the hitherto scant application of diverse simulation devices and dedicated simulation scenarios in psychiatric and mental health nursing. It goes on to describe a low‐cost, narrative‐based virtual patient simulation technique which has the potential for wide application within health and social care education. An example of the implementation of this technology in a web‐based pilot course for acute mental health nurses is given. This particular virtual patient technique is a simulation type ideally suited to promoting essential mental health nursing skills such as critical thinking, communication and decision making. Furthermore, it is argued that it is particularly amenable to e‐learning and blended learning environments, as well as being an apt tool where multilingual simulations are required. The continued development, implementation and evaluation of narrative virtual patient simulations across a variety of health and social care programmes would help ascertain their success as an educational tool.
The process of change in psychotherapy for depression: helping clients to reformulate the problem
Authors: CROWE M. , WHITEHEAD L. , CARLYLE D. , MCINTOSH V. , JORDAN J. , JOYCE P. , CARTER J. 
Published: November 2011

Accessible summary
Both cognitive behavioural therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy are effective in the treatment of mild to moderate depression.
Little is known about how engagement in different psychotherapies influences outcome.
This study examined how clients with depression improved during psychotherapy sessions.
AbstractThere is increasing interest in mental health nurses delivering structured short‐term evidence‐based psychotherapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT); however, while there is evidence of the efficacy of psychotherapy for depression, there is limited understanding of the treatment processes. Data were drawn from audio tapes of CBT and IPT sessions for treatment of depression. The transcripts of the initial, middle and final psychotherapy sessions of 40 clients were analysed. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify what was occurring in the sessions, how the client was describing psychotherapy and how the client was describing improvement or lack of improvement in depressive symptoms. There were differences in descriptions of therapy and the experience of depression between clients who responded and those who did not respond to therapy that were related to improvement in symptoms but not to the specific therapy. These differences were in the client's engagement with the language of therapy, sense of optimism about the particular model of psychotherapy, ability to examine their own role in the problem and desire to engage with new ways of being in their lives. Clients who responded to CBT or IPT had flexibility to develop new ways of thinking and acting, the ability to accept responsibility for their role in the identified problem and were willing to risk change.
Galactolipid deficiency in the early pathogenesis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis model Cln8mnd: implications to delayed myelination and oligodendrocyte maturation
Authors: Kuronen M. , Hermansson M. , Manninen O. , Zech I. , Talvitie M. , Laitinen T. , Gröhn O. , Somerharju P. , Eckhardt M. , Cooper J. D. , Lehesjoki A.‐E. , Lahtinen U. , Kopra O. 
Published: November 2011

M. Kuronen, M. Hermansson, O. Manninen, I. Zech, M. Talvitie, T. Laitinen, O. Gröhn, P. Somerharju, M. Eckhardt, J. D. Cooper, A.‐E. Lehesjoki, U. Lahtinen and O. Kopra (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38, 471–486Galactolipid deficiency in the early pathogenesis of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis model Cln8mnd: implications to delayed myelination and oligodendrocyte maturationAims:
CLN8 deficiency underlies one of a group of devastating childhood neurodegenerative disorders, the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. The function of the CLN8 protein is currently unknown, but a role in lipid metabolism has been proposed. In human CLN8 diseased brains, alterations in lipid composition have been detected. To further investigate the connection of CLN8 to lipid metabolism, we characterized the lipid composition of early symptomatic Cln8‐deficient mouse (Cln8mnd) brains. Methods: For lipid profiling, Cln8mnd cerebral cortical tissue was analysed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Galactolipid synthesis was measured through enzyme activity and real‐time mRNA expression analyses. Based on the findings, myelination and white matter integrity were studied by immunohistochemistry, stereological methods, electron microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. The development of myelin‐forming oligodendrocytes was also studied in vitro. Results: Sphingolipid profiling showed a selective reduction in myelin‐enriched galactolipids. The mRNA expression and activity of UDP‐galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT), the key enzyme in the galactolipid synthesis, was reduced in the Cln8mnd brain. Expression of oligodendrocyte markers suggests a maturation defect. The amount of myelin was reduced in 1‐month‐old Cln8mnd mice, but reached normal levels by 5 months of age. The level of Cln8 gene expression followed the developmental pattern of myelin formation and was high in primary oligodendrocytes. Conclusions: Taken together, these observations suggest that galactolipid deficiency and delayed myelin maturation characterize the early CLN8 disease pathogenesis through a maturation defect of oligodendrocytes.
Initial survival data of kidney transplant patients with pre‐transplant monoclonal gammopathy
Authors: Soltero Liliana , Carbajal Hector , Xu Jiaqiong , McCarthy John , Suki Wadi N. , Gaber A. Osama , Adrogué Horacio E. 
Published: November 2011

Soltero L, Carbajal H, Xu J, McCarthy J, Suki WN, Gaber AO, Adrogué HE. Initial survival data of kidney transplant patients with pre‐transplant monoclonal gammopathy.  Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2011.01539.x.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Background:  Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the presence of a serum monoclonal protein at a concentration of <3 g/dL without evidence of lymphoproliferative disease or organ damage. The prevalence of MGUS in kidney transplantation (KT) candidates is unknown. The present is a retrospective report of patients who underwent evaluation for a KT and were found to have MGUS at our center.Methods:  All transplant candidates found to have MGUS between the years 2000 and 2007 were included. Variables were collected. Patients with MGUS that received a KT were compared with patients with MGUS that were not transplanted.Results:  Of a total of 1215 KT candidates, 34 were found to have MGUS during the KT evaluation. Nine patients with MGUS were transplanted. Myeloma or lymphoproliferative disease was not observed. Following transplantation, the MGUS group had a lower survival than the non‐transplanted group. However, survival from the time of MGUS diagnosis was not different between the transplanted and non‐transplanted MGUS groups.Conclusions:  In this group, transplantation did not confer a survival benefit. It is our hope that these initial data will serve as a platform for future studies. We suggest MGUS screening in all patients older than 50 yr of age undergoing evaluation for transplantation.
Infection of Alstroemeria Plants with Tomato yellow ring virus in Iran
Authors: Beikzadeh Nasser , Bayat Hossein , Jafarpour Behrooz , Rohani Hamid , Peters Dick , Hassani‐Mehraban Afshin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAlstroemeria cv. Ovation plants with virus‐like necrotic spots and streaks on leaves and petals were observed in greenhouses in Khorasan Razavi (Mashhad) and Markazi (Mahallat) provinces, Iran. Samples with virus‐like symptoms reacted positively in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay with a polyclonal antibody raised against Tomato yellow ring virus (TYRV) nucleocapsid (N) protein. TYRV‐specific primers were used in a reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction to amplify the N gene. The deduced amino acid sequences of the obtained amplicon revealed 99% identity to the N protein of an isolate of TYRV isolated from tomato (TYRV‐t).
Characterization of hTERT‐Immortalized Caprine Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Ke MW , Hsu JT , Jiang YN , Cheng WTK , Ju YT 
Published: November 2011

ContentsThe aim of this article is to demonstrate and characterize caprine mammary epithelial cells (CMC) immortalized with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene. Five immortalized CMCs were assigned to either myoepithelial or luminal epithelial groups based on their morphology and expression of cell lineage‐specific intermediate filaments. Telomeric repeat amplification protocol revealed various telomerase activities in CMCs associated with their distinct proliferation potential. Karyotypic analysis showed three CMCs retained their modalCapra hircuschromosome number (2n = 60), whereas the remaining two CMCs were abnormal at 2n = 19 and 2n = 36. CMCs with abnormal karyotypes lost p53 protein after chemical‐induced DNA damage and showed anchorage‐independent growth in soft agar assay. In terms of functional differentiation, luminal CMCs organized into alveolus‐like structures when grown in Matrigel. Furthermore,αs1‐andβ‐caseingene was induced in luminal CMCs in response to lacto‐hormones stimulation. Together these results showed that hTERT‐immortalized CMCs retained major characteristics of mammary epithelial cells, and stability of the genome is required for maintaining normal mammary epithelium function. Application of CMCs can provide valuable models to study alveologenesis and lactogenesis of mammary epithelium and test the feasibility of recombinant constructs designed for the generation of transgenic livestock.
Prevalence of uveitis in indigenous populations presenting to remote clinics of central Australia: The Central Australian Ocular Health Study
Authors: Chang John H , Landers John , Henderson Tim RM , Craig Jamie E 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:  To report the prevalence of current and previous uveitis within the indigenous population living within Central Australia.Design:  Population‐based cross‐sectional study in Central Australia.Participants:  One thousand eight hundred and eighty‐four subjects who identified themselves as indigenous Australians, presenting to the remote clinics during the 36‐month period between July 2005 and June 2008.Methods:  Clinical assessments for active or previous uveitis were performed. Data were collected using a standardized form.Main Outcome Measures:  Prevalence of various types of uveitis.Results:  Four of 1881 subjects had evidence of previous or current anterior uveitis, giving a prevalence for anterior uveitis of 0.21% (95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.42%). Eleven of 1854 patients had signs of previous posterior uveitis, giving a prevalence for posterior uveitis of 0.59% (95% confidence inteval 0.24–0.94%). Nine of the 11 patients with posterior uveitis cases (82%) had presumed toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. There were no cases of intermediate uveitis or panuveitis observed in this study. There were no observed cases consistent with well‐recognized clinical uveitic syndromes, such as Behçet's disease or Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome.Conclusions:  A distinct pattern of uveitis appears to be present among indigenous population of remote Central Australia. Posterior uveitis was commoner than anterior uveitis with a predominance of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. Environmental factors appeared to be more important in this genetically distinct population, with infective causes and ocular trauma being the most common aetiologies of uveitis.
Enforcement and disclosure under regulation fair disclosure: an empirical analysis
Authors: Griffin Paul A. , Lont David H. , Segal Benjamin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWhile Regulation Fair Disclosure (FD) was designed to benefit investors by curbing the selective disclosure of material non‐public information to ‘covered’ investors, such as analysts and institutional investors, it can also impose costs. This paper finds that FD levies three kinds of enforcement and disclosure costs. First, investors cannot recover as part of an SEC enforcement action the gains to covered investors from their alleged use of the non‐public information. Second, investors lose because the market responds negatively to an SEC enforcement announcement. Third, investors suffer because some companies post their FD filings well after the due date, without earlier public disclosure.
I’ll have what she’s having: the impact of model characteristics on children’s food choices
Authors: Frazier Brandy N. , Gelman Susan A. , Kaciroti Niko , Russell Joshua W. , Lumeng Julie C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis research investigates children’s use of social categories in their food selection. Across three studies, we presented preschoolers with sets of photographs that contrasted food‐eating models with different characteristics, including model gender, race (Black, White), age (child or adult), and/or expression (acceptance or rejection of the food). Children were asked to pick between the photographs to choose which food they would like for snack. Results demonstrated that preschoolers prefer foods being eaten by models with positive over negative expressions, foods being eaten by child over adult models, and foods being eaten by child models of the same gender as themselves over models of the other gender. This work connects with previous research on children’s understanding of social categories and also has important practical implications for how characteristics of a food‐eating model can affect children’s willingness to try new foods.
Collaborative partner or social tool? New evidence for young children’s understanding of joint intentions in collaborative activities
Authors: Warneken Felix , Gräfenhain Maria , Tomasello Michael 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSome children’s social activities are structured by joint goals. In previous research, the criterion used to determine this was relatively weak: if the partner stopped interacting, did the child attempt to re‐engage her? But re‐engagement attempts could easily result from the child simply realizing that she needs the partner to reach her own goal in the activity (social tool explanation). In two experiments, 21‐ and 27‐month‐old children interacted with an adult in games in which they either did or did not physically need the partner to reach a concrete goal. Moreover, when the partner stopped interacting, she did so because she was either unwilling to continue (breaking off from the joint goal) or unable to continue (presumably still maintaining the joint goal). Children of both age groups encouraged the recalcitrant partner equally often whether she was or was not physically needed for goal attainment. In addition, they did so more often when the partner was unable to continue than when she was unwilling to continue. These findings suggest that young children do not just view their collaborative partners as mindless social tools, but rather as intentional, cooperative agents with whom they must coordinate intentional states.
Genetically influenced change in sensation seeking drives the rise of delinquent behavior during adolescence
Authors: Harden K. Paige , Quinn Patrick D. , Tucker‐Drob Elliot M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSensation seeking is associated with an increased propensity for delinquency, and emerging research on personality change suggests that mean levels of sensation seeking increase substantially from childhood to adolescence. The current study tested whether individual differences in the rate of change of sensation seeking predicted within‐person change in delinquent behavior and whether genetically influenced differences in rate of personality change accounted for this association. Sensation seeking and delinquent behavior were assessed biennially between ages 10–11 and 16–17 in a nationally representative sample of 7675 youths from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth: Children and Young Adults (CNLSY). Analyses using latent growth curve modeling found that within‐person change in sensation seeking was significantly and positively correlated with within‐person change in delinquency from childhood to adolescence. Furthermore, behavioral genetic analyses of a subset of 2562 sibling pairs indicated that there were substantial genetic influences on both initial levels of sensation seeking and change in sensation seeking during early adolescence, with over 80% of individual differences in change due to genetic factors. Finally, these genetically driven increases in sensation seeking were most important for predicting increases in delinquency, whereas environmental paths between sensation seeking and delinquency were not significant. These results suggest that developmental changes in delinquent behaviors during adolescence are driven by a genetically governed process of personality change.