bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Locally Delivered Herbal Chip Containing (8% Mimusops elengi) as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomised Split-mouth Clinical Study
Authors: Udhya A S , Vivekanandan Gopinath , Elangovan Gayathri Priyadharshini , Saranya Settu , Surya Duraisamy , Munagala Karthik Krishna 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Conventional mechanical debridement does not remove all pathogenic bacteria from the subgingival environment. To overcome these limitations, local drug delivery systems enhance the curative effect by combining with drugs, which promote bone and tissue regeneration. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of locally delivered herbal chips containing (8% Mimusops elengi) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) and compared to SRP alone for the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:
A randomised split-mouth clinical study was conducted among chronic periodontitis patients undergoing periodontal therapy. Thirty subjects with 60 sites were divided into test and control groups. The control sites were treated with SRP alone, whereas the test sites were treated with SRP followed by placement of an 8% M. elengi herbal chip within the pockets. Patients were recalled on the 21st and 45th day, and clinical parameters were measured.

Results:
An inter-group comparison of all the clinical parameters between the control and test sides was statistically analysed. At all periods of the study, the mean difference was observed to be highly significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The 8% M. elengi chip is effective as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis probing depth. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of M. elengi.
Myeloid sarcoma: Experience from a tertiary care center in southern India – A series of eight unusual cases
Authors: Murugan Roobashri , Sharan Kuppuswamy Chandrasekaran , Srinivas Bheemanathi Hanuman , Basu Debdatta , Kar Rakhee , Jinkala Sree Rekha , Stephen Norton , Kayal Smita 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a tumor mass comprising myeloid blasts with or without maturation occurring in any site other than bone marrow. It is a rare and distinct clinical presentation of myeloid neoplasm.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study over 7 years (2015–2022) comprising a series of eight cases, which includes clinical details, morphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers, cytogenetics, and molecular details.

Results:
These cases showed up as an isolated MS (3/8), as an initial clinical presentation in acute myeloid leukemia (1/8), as acute myeloid leukemia (1/8), as a disease progression in primary myelofibrosis (1/8), as chronic myeloid leukemia (1/8), and as BCR-ABL-negative myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm (1/8). One of the three isolated MS was incorrectly identified as having Ewing’s sarcoma. One case each presented at the cervical lymph node, mediastinum, skin, sacral soft tissue, maxillary sinus, and perinephric fat, and two cases presented at the hard palate.

Conclusion:
Four of the cases in our study were clinically thought of as lymphoma/sarcoma, which was a major diagnostic challenge. All but one case succumbed to their disease. Without adequate clinical history and appropriate use of ancillary techniques such as IHC in tissue biopsies, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular studies, these cases have a high chance of being misdiagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, small round blue cell tumor, or undifferentiated carcinomas, which can complicate patient management and prognosis.
Association between PD-L1 expression with EGFR, ALK, and ROS1 driver oncogene mutations in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Onur Dülger , İlhan Yaylım , Büge Öz 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Driver mutations and immunological expressions have gained importance in recent years for targeted therapies and immunotherapies of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Aims:
This study examined the association between PD-L1 expression and ALK, ROS1, and EGFR driver oncogene mutations in patients with NSCLC.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 501 NSCLC patients were included for analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed with a PD-L1 clone 22c3. EGFR mutations were detected by PCR. ALK and ROS1 rearrangement analysis was performed with FISH. Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference between PD-L1 expression and EGFR mutation. PD-L1 expression was higher in the EGFR wild-type than in mutated EGFR (P = 0.0002). There was no relationship between PD-L1 expression and ALK and ROS1 mutations (P = 0.8899, P = 0.2512, respectively). PD-L1 expression was higher in nonadenocarcinomas (non-AC) than in adenocarcinomas (AC) (P = 0.0438). The ALK rearrangement and EGFR mutations were higher in ACs (P = 0.0073, P = 0.0012, respectively). ALK, ROS1 rearrangements, and EGFR mutations were higher in nonsmokers (P < 0.05). EGFR mutations were detected more frequently in females than males (P = 0.001). There was no relationship between gender and ALK, ROS1, and PD-L1 (P > 0.05). The prevalence of EGFR, ALK, and ROS1 driver mutations in the Turkish population was 9.3%, 5.3%, and 2.4%, respectively.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, PD-L1 expression and mutated EGFR status have a highly negative association. PD-L1 expression was higher in EGFR wild-type patients. Therefore, it shows that the opportunity to receive PD-L1-related treatment may be higher in these patients. We think that PD-L1 immunohistochemical evaluation will increase the clinical predictive importance in EGFR wild-type cases.
The significance of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Jiang Y. , Pang Xiaojun , Peng Jiao , Liu Jingtao , Deng Qiang , Jian Shunhai 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
To investigate the relationship between the abundance of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment and the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and to analyze their correlation and explore its clinical value.

Materials and Methods:
In total, we enrolled 120 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed. The abundance of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the tissue specimens of esophageal cancer was examined by immunohistochemistry. We measured the correlation between the abundance of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and the clinical and pathological characteristics and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Results:
The tissue abundance of CD4+ T lymphocytes was closely related to tumor prognosis (P < 0.05). Similarly, there was a statistically significant relationship between the tissue abundance of CD8+ T lymphocytes and patients’ prognosis (P < 0.05), indicating that a high abundance of CD8+ T lymphocytes predicts better prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Surprisingly, we found that a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio predicted a better prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusions:
The tissue abundance of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes can serve as an important indicator for predicting the long-term survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. A high CD4+/CD8+ ratio may improve patients’ prognosis through several pathways. The association of this ratio with clinical and pathological characteristics may explain the poor efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer. These findings may help us find new targets for immunotherapy by exploring the immune microenvironment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Management of External Auditory Canal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Sinha Mihika , Pujary Kailesh 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of external auditory canal (EAC) is rare malignancies. They are dealt with a combination of surgery in case they are operable and postoperative treatment with radiotherapy (RT) with/without chemotherapy based on the extent of involvement. The complexity of the anatomy that is dealt with here makes the diagnosis and treatment difficult.

Materials and Methods:
Four patients of SCC of EAC were reviewed retrospectively between 2019 and 2023.

Results:
All patients were aged between 50 and 70 years, all patients presented with otalgia, aural fullness, and bloody/blood-stained discharged. One patient presented with preoperative facial nerve palsy; One patient had a history of undergoing surgery for a squamous variety of chronic otitis media; one patient presented with involvement of the pinna along with EAC. Three patients were treated with lateral temporal bone resection and superficial parotidectomy with neck dissection followed by postoperative RT and one patient was sent for palliative RT in view of the skull base and intracranial involvement.

Conclusion:
A holistic approach is required for SCC of EAC considering it usually mimics other common otological conditions with presentation such as otalgia, blood-stained discharge; preoperative radiology is imperative in deciding the extent of resection. Their lack definitive anatomical landmarks for its progression and hence EAC SCC are aggressive tumors prone for perineural and lymphovascular invasion along with high rates of recurrence.
A Prospective Comparative Study of Temporalis Fascia Graft versus Platelet-rich Plasma with Temporalis Fascia Graft in the Repair of Tympanic Membrane Perforations
Authors: Agrawal Navin , Hansrajani Vishal , Singhai Tanmay , Narang Shivam 
Published: June 2024

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an adjuvant for tympanoplasty for perforations of the tympanic membrane with temporalis fascia versus tympanoplasty with temporalis fascia only.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 patients diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media tubotympanic type were divided into groups of 50 each. Patients in group one underwent tympanoplasty with PRP, while those in the second group underwent tympanoplasty without PRP. Pre- and postoperative graft status and pure-tone audiometry were performed for all the patients, and the outcomes were compared.

Results:
Graft uptake in the case group was 90% and while in the control group was 84%. The result was better in cases that underwent tympanoplasty with PRP. The improvement in the A-B gap was significantly more in the case group as compared to that of the control group.

Conclusion:
Temporalis fascia graft alone and along with PRP, both techniques has excellent results. The use of PRP along with temporalis fascia in cases of large central perforation gives an additional benefit in respect to healing time and audiological gain.
Identification of Dermal Crease Patterns as a Link between Genetics and Periodontitis: Reliability and Credibility
Authors: Patnaik B. Bharghavi , Penmetsa Gautami S. , Vinnakota Keerthi , Ramaraju Alluri Venkata , Alla Rama Krishna 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
The disruptions in the ectodermal layer during intrauterine growth in the process of the formation of epidermal ridges can be linked to the association between dermatoglyphics and abnormalities of the tooth and periodontium. Given the genetic linkage of periodontal disease this study was hypothesized at observing the association of chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and individuals with healthy periodontium as per the 1999 AAP classification of periodontitis with their fingerprint patterns and ridge count.

Materials and Methods:
Patients belonging to an age cohort of 18–50 who visited the department of periodontics and implantology were included in the study. Patients’ periodontal status was determined and was enrolled in the study. A total of 114 subjects were compared, where 38 subjects belonged to the individual group of periodontal condition that are designated as Group A (healthy), Group B (chronic periodontitis), and Group C (aggressive periodontitis). A total of 1140 fingerprints were collected. They were analyzed and classified according to their patterns and also the ridges were counted.

Results:
The comparison between three groups showed a statistically significant difference between increased percentage frequency of radial loops (28%) in chronic periodontitis and plain whorls (26.3%) in aggressive periodontitis. There was a significant difference between ridge count among all the three groups, the highest being in healthy and the least between aggressive periodontal conditions.

Conclusion:
Observations of the study show that there was a difference in fingerprint pattern between patients of all the three periodontal conditions indicating a link between epidermal ridges and condition of periodontium.
Relation between Work Stress and Physical Activity among Physiotherapists
Authors: Mehta Riddhi Yogesh , Oberoi Mugdha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Physiotherapists treat patients with a variety of acute and chronic conditions for long periods, and increasing physical demands that may consequently lead to work related stress.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to examine if there is a relationship between work stress and physical activity in practicing physiotherapists.

Materials and Methods:
This study was a cross-sectional, online survey in which a total of 100 male and female physiotherapists working in various sectors participated. Work stress was measured using the Occupational Stress Index, and physical activity was measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form.

Results:
Overall, a weak, nonsignificant, negative correlation was found between work stress and physical activity (Spearman correlation coefficient r = −0.0326, P = 0.7448). A majority of the population had moderate physical activity levels (46%) and low work stress levels (47%). Interestingly, a strong negative correlation between physical activity and stress was found among those who worked in hospitals (Spearman coefficient r = −0.795, P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
The results suggest that work-related stress is significantly associated with physical activity levels, but only in physiotherapists who work in a hospital setting.
Preliminary survey on the distribution of ixodid ticks in domestic ruminants and vegetation of Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, South India
Authors: Sahina S , Sithalakshmi S , Balasubramanian R 
Published: June 2024

Background & objectives:
Tick-bome diseases (TBD) are becoming a major public and animal health problem in Kerala state of India. During 2021–2022, a new focus of tick nuisance and associated fever has been reported in some villages of Pathanamthitta district of the state.

Methods:
The study on the diversity of tick fauna in Southern Kerala is limited. Therefore, a preliminary survey was carried out for the first time for implementation of future tick-borne pathogen detection and control measures. This research may provide a proper understanding of tick density and acarological risk by tick ecology through surveillance and identification. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the summer season of2021 and 2022 in the tick bite infected areas of Naduvathumoozhy, Vayakkara, Malayalappuzha and Pallikuzhi.

Results:
Ticks were manually collected from ruminants and by dragging method from vegetation. A total of727 ticks of 8 different species were collected from the genus Amblyomma, Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, and Rhipicephalus. The most prevalent species were Haemaphysalis bispinosa and H. turturis, at 38.7% and 29.1%, respectively. Ticks were sampled from 197 animals with the proportion of infestation being 73.60%. It was highest in goats (85.9%), followed by buffalo (73.6%) and cow (65.4%).

Interpretation & conclusion:
Despite the absence of any TBD outbreaks, Pathanamthitta district has a high diversity of tick fauna and a high rate of tick infestation in domestic ruminants, especially goats. Hence, active tick surveillance is necessary in order to prevent TBD outbreaks in the future. The study also emphasizes the importance of performing tick surveillance in both Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) endemic and non-endemic regions.
The potential habitat and environmental fitness change of Aedes albopictus in Western Eurasia for 2081–2100
Authors: Trájer Attila J 
Published: June 2024

Background & objectives:
The range of Aedes albopictus, the most important vector mosquito in Western Eurasia is growing due to climate change. However, it is not known how it will influence the habitats occupied by the species and its environmental fitness within its future range.

Methods:
To study this question, the habitat characteristic of the mosquito was investigated for 2081–2100.

Results:
The models suggest a notable future spread of the mosquito in the direction of Northern Europe and the parallel northward and westward shift of the southern and eastern potential occurrences of the mosquito. The models suggest a notable increase in generation numbers in the warmest quarter, which can reach 4–5 generations in the peri-Mediterranean region. However, both the joint survival rate of larvae and pupae and the number of survival days of adults in the warmest quarter exhibit decreasing values, as does the potential disappearance of the mosquito in the southern regions of Europe and Asia Minor, along with the growing atmospheric CO2 concentration-based scenarios.

Interpretation & conclusion:
While in 1970–2000 Aedes albopictus mainly occupied the hot and warm summer temperate regions of Europe, the species will inhabit dominantly the cool summer temperate (oceanic) and the humid continental climate territories of North and North-Eastern Europe in 2081–2100.
An eco-epidemiological analysis of dengue outbreak in Port Blair, South Andaman Island, India
Authors: Jena Sasmita Rani , Kaliyamoorthy M , Bhattacharyya T K , Baruah Kalpana 
Published: June 2024

Background & objectives:
In Port Blair, the capital of Andaman & Nicobar Islands, in the Bay of Bengal, India, there was a sudden increase in fever cases resembling the symptoms of dengue in the monsoon period of 2022. Hence, an investigation was carried out to find out epidemiological and entomological reasons behind the outbreak.

Methods:
An entomological survey was carried out in 24 wards of Port Blair Municipal Council (PBMC) area, epidemiological data of last six years (January–December 2017–2021 and January–October 2022) and patient details of the year 2022 were collected. Both the epidemiological and entomological data were analyzed concerning time and place.

Results:
During this outbreak period tyres (22.4%) came out as a major breeding habitat followed by small discarded materials (17.5%), metal drums (15.3%), and plastic drums (11.7%). In rainy season, peri-domestic breeding (55%) was more than the domestic breeding (45%) habitat. Ae. aegypti had a high preference for indoor large containers (100-1000 L) like plastic tank, metal drum and cement tank whereasAe. albopictus prefers to breed in medium sized plastic container (20–100 L) and outdoor water receptacles like tyres, flower pots, and domestic discarded materials.

Interpretation & conclusion:
By source reduction, indoor space spray and outdoor fogging, vector density was controlled which curtailed the transmission and within eight weeks a decreasing trend of dengue cases was noticed. A regular entomological survey is crucial to know the seasonality and key breeding habitats of the vector for proper planning of vector control.
Enhancing the Central Venous Catheterization Competency of Medical Students through a Specialized Team and an Interactive Response System: A pre–post study
Authors: Tsai Yuan-Ming , Lin Szu-Yu , Huang Go-Shine , Liu Feng-Cheng , Chang Yaw-Wen , Lin Chin-Sheng 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Central venous catheterization (CVC) is a critical clinical procedure. To avoid complications, possessing good knowledge regarding the CVC care bundle and skills for the proper insertion and maintenance of CVC are important.

Objectives:
To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention and the use of an interactive response system in enhancing the CVC bundle care and insertion skills of medical students undergoing critical care medicine training.

Materials and Methods:
Sixth-year medical students (equivalent to fourth-year students in the United States) engaged in didactic lessons, interactive demonstrations, and simulator training facilitated by a CVC team comprising three thoracic and two vascular surgeons (all with a minimum 5 years of experience in central venous access) during their intensive care unit (ICU) rotation. Self-reported knowledge and confidence levels were assessed using pre-and posttests administered through the Zuvio App, an interactive response system.

Results:
A total of 60 students underwent the educational intervention, of which 54 completed the pretest and 40 completed the posttest. In the posttest, significant improvement was found in the CVC bundle care competency and understanding (P = 0.002), preprocedural preparation (P = 0.002), insertion procedures (P = 0.004), complications (P = 0.003), and insertion depth decisions (P = 0.001). Staff and students reported that assessment and interaction via the Zuvio App were valuable, practical, and feasible in a clinical setting, providing trainees with an individual competency portfolio of receiving precise medical education.

Conclusions:
Integrating the training provided by a specialized team with an interactive response system enhanced the knowledge and competency level in CVC insertion among medical students in this study.
Review article: Diagnosis and management of enlarged extraocular muscles
Authors: Abouelatta Mahmoud Mostafa , Shalaby Osama El Saied , Awara Amr Mahmoud , Kikkawa Don Osami , Eldesouky Mohammed Ashraf 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Extraocular muscle (EOM) enlargement may be due to a variety of causes. These causes can be classified in three ways: according to pathogenesis and histopathological features, according to the site, and according to the clinical features. Diagnosis of the cause is dependent upon history, clinical examination, and investigations. Imaging with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and muscle biopsy is typically necessary to make the correct diagnosis. Treatment of the patient must be directed toward the specific cause. This review emphasizes important clinical and pathological guidelines for appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients with EOM enlargement.
Primary congenital glaucoma: We are always on the way
Authors: Yang Hongfang , Lu Wenhan , Sun Xinghuai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), a developmental glaucoma occurring due to angle anomaly, earns growing concerns among ophthalmologists for its vision-damaging attribute. The incidence of PCG varies among races and geographic regions and is mostly genetically associated. Theories have been posed in attempt to address the etiology of this congenital maldevelopment and in the meanwhile providing evidence for feasibility of PCG surgeries. In regard to the clinical aspects of this entity, both the clinical characteristics and general principals of management are introduced, with angle surgeries highlighted for clarifying details including their success rates, key points for a successful surgical intervention, postoperative management, and follow-up strategies. Taking patients’ vision-associated quality of life into consideration, we stressed that further perceptual learning and low vision rehabilitation are momentous. However, much has yet to be elucidated in respect of the truly comprehensive pathogenesis underneath as well as means by which clinical outcomes of PCG can be further improved. We are now looking forward to innovative therapeutic approaches like gene therapy in specific genes in the future, with the hope of improving their life-long visual quality in those young patients.