bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of the hindlimb musculature in the cursorial caviomorphDasyprocta azaraeLichtenstein, 1823 (Rodentia, Dasyproctidae): functional and evolutionary significance
Authors: García-Esponda César M. , Candela Adriana M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe musculature of the hindlimb of the cursorial caviomorphDasyprocta azaraeis described and functionally evaluated, together with osteological associated traits. Our results show that several features are indicative of emphasized parasagittal movements and stabilized joints. Mm. glutei are relatively well developed, in agreement with an enhanced extension of the hip joint. The relative elongation of the ischium indicates an improved mechanical advantage of the hamstring muscles, required for powerful extension of the hip. M. iliopsoas would act mainly as a protractor of the femur rather than as a rotator. M. peroneus brevis, an evertor and plantarflexor of the foot, is absent. The inversion of the pes would be reduced, such as expressed by the marked reduction of the m. tibialis caudalis. Osteological characters are arranged to facilitate parasagittal movements and to restrict joint mobility. Some features ofDasyprocta(e.g., presence of a gluteal tongue of m. gluteus medius, reduction in number of m. lumbricales, presence of a gluteal crest of the ilium) are interpreted as potential synapomorphies of cavioids. Other features associated to cursoriality (absence of mm. peroneus brevis, reduction of m. tibialis caudalis) would have been acquired independently in the extreme cursorial cavioidsDasyproctaandDolichotis.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of the Asian Fish Tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea) in the Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte)
Authors: Bean Megan G. , Bonner Timothy H. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Recent collections of the Asian fish tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in the Rio Grande have raised concern about the potential impacts on Rio Grande endemic and imperiled fishes. The objectives of this study were to determine distribution and definitive hosts of the Asian fish tapeworm within the Rio Grande drainage and to quantify occurrences and abundances. In total, 1,992 fish spanning 11 families were collected and examined for Asian fish tapeworms in the Rio Grande and the Pecos and Devils rivers. The parasite was collected from red shiners Cyprinella lutrensis, Tamaulipas shiners Notropis braytoni, sand shiners N. stramineus, river carpsuckers Carpiodes carpio, plains killifish Fundulus zebrinus, western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis, blue suckers Cycleptus elongatus, blacktail shiners Cyprinella venusta, proserpine shiners Cyprinella proserpina, and Manantial roundnose minnow Dionda argentosa, with the latter four species being new host records. Monthly collections of red shiners from Big Bend National Park exhibited prevalence levels above 15% in January–March and December and below 10% during April–June and October. With over 50% of the Rio Grande icthyofauna in Texas considered imperiled, the occurrence and pathological effects of the Asian fish tapeworm in combination with reduced water quantity and quality and increased habitat fragmentation are of concern for these taxa.
Mortality of Centrarchid Fishes in the Potomac Drainage: Survey Results and Overview of Potential Contributing Factors
Authors: Blazer V. S. , Iwanowicz L. R. , Starliper C. E. , Iwanowicz D. D. , Barbash P. , Hedrick J. D. , Reeser S. J. , Mullican J. E. , Zaugg S. D. , Burkhardt M. R. , Kelble J. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Skin lesions and spring mortality events of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu and selected other species were first noted in the South Branch of the Potomac River in 2002. Since that year morbidity and mortality have also been observed in the Shenandoah and Monocacy rivers. Despite much research, no single pathogen, parasite, or chemical cause for the lesions and mortality has been identified. Numerous parasites, most commonly trematode metacercariae and myxozoans; the bacterial pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, and Flavobacterium columnare; and largemouth bass virus have all been observed. None have been consistently isolated or observed at all sites, however, nor has any consistent microscopic pathology of the lesions been observed. A variety of histological changes associated with exposure to environmental contaminants or stressors, including intersex (testicular oocytes), high numbers of macrophage aggregates, oxidative damage, gill lesions, and epidermal papillomas, were observed. The findings indicate that selected sensitive species may be stressed by multiple factors and constantly close to the threshold between a sustainable (healthy) and nonsustainable (unhealthy) condition. Fish health is often used as an indicator of aquatic ecosystem health, and these findings raise concerns about environmental degradation within the Potomac River drainage. Unfortunately, while much information has been gained from the studies conducted to date, due to the multiple state jurisdictions involved, competing interests, and other issues, there has been no coordinated approach to identifying and mitigating the stressors. This synthesis emphasizes the need for multiyear, interdisciplinary, integrative research to identify the underlying stressors and possible management actions to enhance ecosystem health.
Observations and Treatment of Nitzschia sturionis on Atlantic Sturgeon from Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Matsche Mark A. , Flowers James R. , Markin Erin L. , Stence Charles P. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
From 2004 to 2008, 10% of Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus examined during a bycatch study of Maryland's Chesapeake Bay were infested with the trematode Nitzschia sturionis on the skin and gills. The parasite intensity increased on 75% of infested fish 4–24 months after being placed in captivity. Mean parasite intensity increased to a greater extent on the skin (up to 100-fold) than on the gills (up to16-fold). Atlantic sturgeon that were infested with N. sturionis gained weight at a reduced rate or lost weight compared with uninfested fish. Skin lesions associated with N. sturionis progressed from a few reddened foci to hemorrhagic ulcers and depigmentation, while gill lesions showed a less-dramatic progression. Host tissues identified in the intestinal ceca of N. sturionis consisted primarily of malpighian cells, but small amounts of blood were also found in worms attached to lesions in the skin and gills. An Atlantic sturgeon infested with approximately 500 worms was successfully treated with a 3-h bath of praziquantel at 10 mg/L. This first report of N. sturionis from Chesapeake Bay extends the parasite's reported southern range in North America.
Pharmacokinetics of penicillin antibiotics: intravenous-to-oral switch therapy
Authors: Marušič Alenka , Locatelli Igor , Mrhar Aleš 
Published: October 2010

Farmakokinetika Penicilinskih Antibiotikov: Preklop iz Intravenske na Peroralno Terapijo
Penicilinski antibiotiki delujejo baktericidno in spadajo med časovno odvisne antibiotike. Za večino penicilinov je značilna kratka razpolovna doba eliminacije. Benzilpenicilini se po peroralni aplikaciji ne absorbirajo, ampicilin in kloksacilin se sicer absorbirata, vendar slabo, medtem ko se amoksicilin skoraj v celoti absorbira. Pri slednjem je smotrno z intravenske terapije preklopiti na peroralno, če lahko s peroralno aplikacijo dosežemo plazemske koncentracije penicilina, primerljive s tistimi po intravenski aplikaciji, t. j. enako povprečno plazemsko koncentracijo penicilina v stacionarnem stanju. Posledično lahko pričakujemo enako učinkovitost obeh aplikacij. Smiselnost preklopne terapije je treba proučiti predvsem s stališča bolnika, saj ni primerna za bolnike, ki so v kritičnem stanju in imajo močno zvišano telesno temperaturo ali malabsorbcijski sindrom. Prednost preklopne terapije pa je v tem, da zmanjša pojavnost flebitisa in seps. V članku sta obravnavana dva primera preklopne terapije. Na osnovi farmakokinetičnih simulacij in indeksov učinkovitosti protibakterijskega zdravljenja je pokazana primerljivost intravenske terapije z ampicilinom in peroralne terapije z amoksicilinom, medtem ko preklopna terapija pri zdravljenju osteomielitisa s kloksacilinom ostaja nedorečena. Na podlagi predstavljenih primerov članek ilustrativno prikazuje, da ustrezna razlaga farmakokinetičnih parametrov bistveno pripomore k pravočasnemu preklopu z intravenske na peroralno terapijo s penicilinom. Takšna terapija je bolniku bolj prijazna, poleg tega pa prispeva k zniževanju stroškov za zdravljenje z zdravili v bolnišnicah ob še vedno varni in učinkoviti farmakoterapiji bakterijskih okužb.
Meaningful Use of a Standardized Terminology to Support the Electronic Health Record in New Zealand
Authors: Honey M. , Wilson S. , Monsen K. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryMeaningful use is a multidimensional concept that incorporates complex processes; workflow; interoperability; decision support; performance evaluation; and quality improvement. Meaningful use is congruent with the overall vision for information management in New Zealand. Health practitioners interface with patient information at many levels, and are pivotal to meaningful use at the interface between service providers, patients, and the electronic health record. Advancing towards meaningful use depends on implementing a meaningful interface terminology within the electronic health record. The Omaha System is an interface terminology that is integrated within Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT®), and has the capacity to disseminate and capture information at the point of care because its codes are simple defined terms. Two community nursing and allied health providers who are considering using the Omaha System in clinical systems for gathering intervention and outcomes data within the personal EHR include Nurse Maude and the Royal New Zealand Plunket Society. Help4U is investigating using the Omaha System as a way to standardise health terminology for consumer use. The Omaha System is also a good fit with the Midwifery and Maternity Providers Organisation (MMPO) existing clinical information system to describe and capture data about interventions currently recorded as free text. As a country that promotes access to affordable primary care and free hospital care, within an environment constrained by resource limitations, maximizing the use of data is key to demonstrating health outcomes for the population.
Optimization of L‐asparaginase production by Aspergillus terreus MTCC 1782 using response surface methodology and artificial neural network‐linked genetic algorithm
Authors: Baskar Gurunathan , Renganathan Sahadevan 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThe sequential optimization strategy of design of experiments and back propagation algorithm of artificial neural network‐linked genetic algorithm were used to find the significant fermentation media components and optimum concentration for maximum L‐asparaginase production by Aspergillus terreus MTCC 1782 in submerged fermentation. Components such as L‐proline, sodium nitrate, L‐asparagine and glucose were identified as significant fermentation media components using Plackett–Burman design. The central composite design was used to fit the second‐order polynomial model describing the effect of significant media components on L‐asparaginase production with coefficient of determination (R2) 0.973. A nonlinear model was developed with high coefficient of determination (R2) 0.997 using incremental back propagation algorithm of neural network. The high value of coefficient of determination for artificial neural network model justified an excellent correlation between variables and L‐asparaginase activity and found to be more efficient than the second‐order polynomial model of central composite design. Hence, the optimum concentration of the significant media components was determined using artificial neural network‐linked genetic algorithm. The predicted optimum concentration of the media components was L‐proline 1.7% (w/v), sodium nitrate 1.99% (w/v), L‐asparagine 1.38% (w/v) and glucose 0.65% (w/v) with an experimentally confirmed L‐asparaginase activity of 40.86 IU mL−1. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viscoelastic behavior of crude oil–polymer emulsions
Authors: Ghannam Mamdouh T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study focuses on the investigation of the viscoelastic behavior of crude oil–Alcoflood polymer (AFP) emulsions in terms of storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex modulus. Three different types of AFP were examined in this investigation. North Sea crude oil was used to prepare the oil–polymer emulsions. The polymer and oil concentrations exhibit a strong influence on the behavior of complex modulus vs frequency. The effect of polymer and oil concentrations is more pronounced at low frequency. This effect diminishes with frequency. For the three polymers used, the apparent complex modulus increases significantly with the concentration of polymer and crude oil. The crude oil phase gradually increases the complex modulus of the emulsions. The complex modulus values of AF1275 and AF1285 emulsions are similar to each other and significantly higher than that of the emulsions of AF1235. The polymer concentration strongly increases the emulsion complex modulus. For a low polymer concentration of 2000 ppm, the aqueous solutions and oil emulsions exhibit viscoelastic behavior with a liquid‐like response at low frequencies and a solid‐like response at high frequencies. The addition of crude oil lowers the crossover frequency. However, at a higher polymer concentration of 10 000 ppm, both aqueous solutions and emulsions exhibit only elastic behavior. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape‐memory polyurethanes minimally crosslinked with hydroxyl‐terminated AB2‐type hyperbranched polyurethanes
Authors: Sivakumar Chickiyan , Sultan Nasar A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA series of shape‐memory polyurethanes based on poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) diol were prepared with novel hydroxyl‐terminated hyperbranched polyurethanes as crosslinkers and were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile testing, and shape‐memory testing. The molecular weight of the soluble polymers ranged from 5.1 × 104 to 29.0 × 104 g/mol. The differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction data indicated that when the crystallinities of the crosslinked polymers were compared to that of linear polyurethane, this parameter was improved when the crosslinker was in low quantity. The storage modulus ratios obtained from the dynamic mechanical analyses data of the crosslinked polymers were also high compared to that of the linear polyurethane. As a result, crosslinked polymers showed better shape‐memory properties compared to the linear polyurethanes. Also, the that incorporation of the hyperbranched polymer as a crosslinker into the polyurethane chain improved the thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Tumor necrosis factor alpha increases P‐glycoprotein expression in a BME‐UV in vitro model of mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Al‐Bataineh Mohammad M. , van der Merwe Deon , Schultz Bruce D. , Gehring Ronette 
Published: October 2010

AbstractP‐glycoprotein is an efflux pump belonging to the ATP‐binding cassette super‐family that influences the bioavailability and disposition of many drugs. Mammary epithelial cells express various drug transporters including P‐glycoprotein, albeit at low level during lactation. During inflammatory reactions, which can be associated with changes in epithelial barrier functions, pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) are elevated in milk and serum. In this study, the role of TNF‐α in the regulation of P‐glycoprotein was determined in cultured BME‐UV cells, an immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line. The protein production of P‐glycoprotein and mRNA expression of bABCB1, the gene encoding P‐glycoprotein, were increased after 24 h of TNF‐α exposure. The highest observed effects for TNF‐α on the regulation of P‐glycoprotein was after 72 h of exposure. Protein and mRNA expression also increased significantly after 120 h of TNF‐α exposure, but was lower than the level observed in the cells exposed to TNF‐α for 72 h. The apical to basolateral flux of digoxin, a P‐glycoprotein substrate, was decreased in the TNF‐α‐exposed epithelium. This effect was reversed when verapamil or ketoconazole, compounds known to interact with P‐glycoprotein, were added together with digoxin into the donor compartment. Probenecid, a compound known to interact with organic anion transporters, but not P‐glycoprotein, did not increase the flux of digoxin. This model has important implications for understanding the barrier function of the mammary epithelium and provides insight into the role of P‐glycoprotein in the accumulation and/or removal of xenobiotics from milk and/or plasma. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A flow injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of lincomycin in serum using a diperiodato‐cuprate (III)–luminol system
Authors: Hu Yufei , Li Gongke , Zhang Zhujun 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the novel trivalent copper–periodate complex {K5[Cu(HIO6)2], DPC} has been applied in a luminol‐based chemiluminescence (CL) reaction. Coupled with flow injection (FI) technology, the FI‐CL method was proposed for the determination of lincomycin hydrochloride. The CL reaction between luminol and DPC occurred in an alkaline medium. The CL intensity could be greatly enhanced by lincomycin hydrochloride. The relative CL intensity was proportional to the concentration of lincomycin hydrochloride in the range of 1 × 10−8 to 5 × 10−6 g mL−1 and the detection limit was at the 3.5 × 10−9 g mL−1 level. The relative standard deviation at 5 × 10−8 g mL−1 was 1.7% (n = 9). The sensitive method was successfully applied to the direct determination of lincomycin hydrochloride (ng mL−1) in serum. A possible mechanism of the lumonol–DPC CL reaction was discussed by the study of the CL kinetic characteristics and the spectra of CL reaction. The oxidability of DPC was studied by means of its electrochemical response. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of lateral migration of red blood cells in Poiseuille flows
Authors: Shi Lingling , Pan Tsorng‐Whay , Glowinski Roland 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYA spring model is applied to simulate the skeleton structure of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane and to study the RBC rheology in two‐dimensional Poiseuille flows using an immersed boundary method. The lateral migration properties of the cells in Poiseuille flows have been investigated. The simulation results show that the rate of migration toward the center of the channel depends on the swelling ratio and the deformability of the cells. We have also combined the above methodology with a fictitious domain method to study the motion of RBCs in a two‐dimensional micro‐channel with a constriction with an application to blood plasma separation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Challenges and advances in computational docking: 2009 in review
Authors: Yuriev Elizabeth , Agostino Mark , Ramsland Paul A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDocking is a computational technique that places a small molecule (ligand) in the binding site of its macromolecular target (receptor) and estimates its binding affinity. This review addresses methodological developments that have occurred in the docking field in 2009, with a particular focus on the more difficult, and sometimes controversial, aspects of this promising computational discipline. These developments aim to address the main challenges of docking: receptor representation (such aspects as structural waters, side chain protonation, and, most of all, flexibility (from side chain rotation to domain movement)), ligand representation (protonation, tautomerism and stereoisomerism, and the effect of input conformation), as well as accounting for solvation and entropy of binding. This review is strongly focused on docking advances in the context of drug design, specifically in virtual screening and fragment‐based drug design. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy and clinical relevance of computed tomography scan interpretation of peritoneal cancer index in colorectal cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis: A multi‐institutional study
Authors: Esquivel J. , Chua T.C. , Stojadinovic A. , Melero J. Torres , Levine E.A. , Gutman M. , Howard R. , Piso P. , Nissan A. , Gomez‐Portilla A. , Gonzalez‐Bayon L. , Gonzalez‐Moreno S. , Shen P. , Stewart J.H. , Sugarbaker P.H. , Barone R.M. , Hoefer R. , Morris D.L. , Sardi A. , Sticca R.P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundEvaluation of peritoneal metastases by computed tomography (CT) scans is challenging and has been reported to be inaccurate.MethodsA multi‐institutional prospective observational registry study of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer was conducted and a subset analysis was performed to examine peritoneal cancer index (PCI) based on CT and intraoperative exploration.ResultsFifty‐two patients (mean age 52.6 ± 12.4 years) from 16 institutions were included in this study. Inaccuracies of CT‐based assessment of lesion sizes were observed in the RUQ (P = 0.004), LLQ (P < 0.0005), RLQ (P = 0.003), distal jejunum (P = 0.004), and distal ileum (P < 0.0005). When CT‐PCI was classified based on the extent of carcinomatosis, 17 cases (33%) were underestimations, of which, 11 cases (21%) were upstaged from low to moderate, 4 cases (8%) were upstaged from low to severe, and 2 cases (4%) were upstaged from moderate to severe. Relevant clinical discordance where an upstage occurred to severe carcinomatosis constituted a true inaccuracy and was observed in six cases (12%).ConclusionsThe actual clinical impact of inaccuracies of CT‐PCI was modest. CT‐PCI will remain as a mandatory imaging tool and may be supplemented with other tools including positron emission tomography scan or diagnostic laparoscopy, in the patient selection for cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:565–570. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.