bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Interactions of Two Introduced Piscivorous Salmonids with a Native Cyprinid in Lentic Systems: Implications for Conservation of Roundtail Chub
Authors: Laske Sarah M. , Rahel Frank J. , Hubert Wayne A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe effects of multiple nonnative piscivore species on native prey species in lentic systems are poorly understood. We studied the relative predation risks posed by two piscivorous salmonids (brown trout Salmo trutta and lake trout Salvelinus namaycush) to endemic roundtail chub Gila robusta in two lakes within the upper Colorado River basin. Gill nets were set in various habitat types to study habitat use by the three species before and after the onset of summer stratification. Roundtail chub and brown trout were mainly associated with shallow‐water habitats, and this association did not change with thermal period. By contrast, lake trout habitat use changed with thermal period as fish moved from shallow areas in the spring to deepwater habitat after stratification. These habitat use patterns indicate that roundtail chub are more susceptible to predation by brown trout than by lake trout because both roundtail chub and brown trout occupy the littoral zone for a prolonged period. Diet data indicated that brown trout consumed littoral fish species (i.e., cyprinids), whereas lake trout primarily consumed opossum shrimp Mysis spp. and dipterans (true flies). Brown trout consumed proportionally more fish than did lake trout, began feeding on fish at smaller total lengths, and increased fish consumption during the period of thermal stratification. An important consideration for efforts to conserve lentic roundtail chub populations is the prevention of future introductions of littoral predators.
Up‐regulation of Anxa2 gene promotes proliferation and invasion of breast cancer MCF‐7 cells
Authors: Wu B. , Zhang F. , Yu M. , Zhao P. , Ji W. , Zhang H. , Han J. , Niu R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe metastatic ability of breast cancer cells with chemoresistant properties is higher when compared to that of their parental wild‐type cells. Expression of AnnexinA2 (Anxa2), a 36‐kDa calcium‐dependent phospholipid binding protein, is increased in metastatic tumours and has been found to be associated with the phenotype of drug resistance and metastasis.Materials and Methods and ResultsIn the present study, we found that up‐regulation of Anxa2 correlates with enhanced migration and invasion ability of MCF‐7 breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Western blot analysis revealed that exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs may induce elevated expression of Anxa2. In addition, our data have shown that Anxa2 might influence proliferation, migration and invasion of MCF‐7 cells by increasing expression of c‐myc and cyclin D1 via activation of Erk1/2 signalling pathways.ConclusionOur findings suggest that up‐regulation of Anxa2 may play an important role in modulating proliferation and invasion of breast cancer MCF‐7 cells through regulation of many relevant downstream target genes.
Studies into primary and secondary infection processes by Plasmodiophora brassicae on canola
Authors: Feng J. , Hwang S.‐F. , Strelkov S. E. 
Published: March 2012

The early stages of infection of canola roots by the clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae were investigated. Inoculation with 1 × 105 resting spores mL−1 resulted in primary (root hair) infection at 12 h after inoculation (hai). Secondary (cortical) infection began to be observed at 72 hai. When inoculated onto plants at a concentration of 1 × 104 mL−1, secondary zoospores produced primary infections similar to those obtained with resting spores at a concentration of 1 × 105 mL−1. Secondary zoospores caused secondary infections earlier than resting spores. When the plants were inoculated with 1 × 107 resting spores mL−1, 2 days after being challenged with 1 × 104 or 1 × 105 resting spores mL−1, secondary infections were observed on the very next day, which was earlier than the secondary infections resulting from inoculation with 1 × 107 resting spores mL−1 alone and more severe than those produced by inoculation with 1 × 104 or 1 × 105 resting spores mL−1 alone. Compared with the single inoculations, secondary infections on plants that had received both inoculations remained at higher levels throughout a 7‐day time course. These data indicate that primary zoospores can directly cause secondary infection when the host is under primary infection, helping to understand the relationship and relative importance of the two infection stages of P. brassicae.
Emerging evidence of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in lung carcinogenesis
Authors: SATO MITSUO , SHAMES DAVID S. , HASEGAWA YOSHINORI 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental programme that regulates embryonic morphogenesis and involves significant morphological and molecular changes in cells. Experimental models have revealed that EMT also contributes to various malignant features of cancer cells, including motile, invasive, anti‐apoptotic and stem‐like phenotypes. Clinically, correlative studies have indicated that mesenchymal‐like features of tumour cells are associated with poor tumour differentiation as well as worse patient prognosis. Nevertheless, due to its transitory nature, demonstration of an actual occurrence of EMT during human carcinogenesis is challenging, and most of the evidence to date has been limited to breast and colorectal cancers. However, recent studies suggest that EMT may occur during lung cancer development, although such evidence is still limited. We propose three approaches for obtaining direct evidence of EMT in human cancers and use these criteria to review the available data. We suggest that multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors cooperatively induce EMT in lung cancer. Intrinsic factors include oncogenic genetic changes such as mutant K‐RAS. Extrinsic factors are associated with a tumour microenvironment that is inflammatory and hypoxic. The induction of EMT is primarily mediated by various EMT‐inducing transcription factors that suppress E‐cadherin expression, including SLUG and ZEB1. miR‐200 family expression can reverse EMT by suppressing EMT‐ inducing transcription factors. Obviously, more data demonstrating the clinical relevance of EMT in lung cancer are required, and further elucidation of how EMT is regulated in lung cancer will enable us to develop novel therapeutics that specifically target molecules with critical roles in EMT.
Trade Protection During the Crisis: Does it Deter Foreign Direct Investment?
Authors: Görg Holger , Labonte Philipp 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper looks empirically at the implications that protectionist measures implemented during the current crisis may have had for a country’s ability to attract foreign direct investment. The research utilises data on such measures that are available from Global Trade Alert, combined with bilateral FDI data between OECD countries and a large number of partner countries for 2006 to 2009. This allows us to examine the short‐run effect that protectionist measures may have had on bilateral FDI flows. The verdict from this analysis is clear: a country that implements new protectionist measures may expect that this may result in lower foreign direct investment inflows into the economy. The point estimates from our preferred specifications suggest that, depending on the empirical model, the implementation of a trade protection measure is associated with about 40 to 80 per cent lower FDI inflows. Trade protection does not appear to have any implications for the country’s FDI outflows, however. The negative effect on FDI inflows does not appear to be due to direct investment measures but rather to actions related to intellectual property rights protection and other more trade‐related measures.
Feasibility of low‐dose single‐view 3D fiducial tracking concurrent with external beam delivery
Authors: Speidel Michael A. , Wilfley Brian P. , Hsu Annie , Hristov Dimitre 
Published: March 2012

Purpose:In external‐beam radiation therapy, existing on‐board x‐ray imaging chains orthogonal to the delivery beam cannot recover 3D target trajectories from a single view in real‐time. This limits their utility for real‐time motion management concurrent with beam delivery. To address this limitation, the authors propose a novel concept for on‐board imaging based on the inverse‐geometry Scanning‐Beam Digital X‐ray (SBDX) system and evaluate its feasibility for single‐view 3D intradelivery fiducial tracking.Methods:A chest phantom comprising a posterior wall, a central lung volume, and an anterior wall was constructed. Two fiducials were placed along the mediastinal ridge between the lung cavities: a 1.5 mm diameter steel sphere superiorly and a gold cylinder (2.6 mm length × 0.9 mm diameter) inferiorly. The phantom was placed on a linear motion stage that moved sinusoidally. Fiducial motion was along the source‐detector (z) axis of the SBDX system with ±10 mm amplitude and a programmed period of either 3.5 s or 5 s. The SBDX system was operated at 15 frames per second, 100 kVp, providing good apparent conspicuity of the fiducials. With the stage moving, detector data were acquired and subsequently reconstructed into 15 planes with a 12 mm plane‐to‐plane spacing using digital tomosynthesis. A tracking algorithm was applied to the image planes for each temporal frame to determine the position of each fiducial in (x,y,z)‐space versus time. A 3D time‐sinusoidal motion model was fit to the measured 3D coordinates and root mean square (RMS) deviations about the fitted trajectory were calculated.Results:Tracked motion was sinusoidal and primarily along the source‐detector (z) axis. The RMS deviation of the tracked z‐coordinate ranged from 0.53 to 0.71 mm. The motion amplitude derived from the model fit agreed with the programmed amplitude to within 0.28 mm for the steel sphere and within −0.77 mm for the gold seed. The model fit periods agreed with the programmed periods to within 7%.Conclusions:Three dimensional fiducial tracking with approximately 1 mm or better accuracy and precision appears to be feasible with SBDX, supporting its use to guide radiotherapy.
Genome Sequence of “
Candidatus
Nitrosopumilus salaria” BD31, an Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaeon from the San Francisco Bay Estuary
Authors: Mosier Annika C. , Allen Eric E. , Kim Maria , Ferriera Steven , Francis Christopher A. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) play important roles in nitrogen and carbon cycling in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we present the draft genome sequence for the ammonia-oxidizing archaeon “
Candidatus
Nitrosopumilus salaria” BD31, which was enriched in culture from sediments of the San Francisco Bay estuary. The genome sequences revealed many similarities to the genome of
Nitrosopumilus maritimus
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Oceanimonas sp. GK1, a Halotolerant Bacterium from Gavkhouni Wetland in Iran
Authors: Parsa Yeganeh Laleh , Azarbaijani Reza , Sarikhan Sajjad , Mousavi Hossein , Ramezani Mohadeseh , Amoozegar Mohammad Ali , Shahzadeh Fazeli Abolhassan , Hosseini Salekdeh Ghasem 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Oceanimonas
sp. GK1 (IBRC-M 10197) is a marine halotolerant gammaproteobacterium which was characterized as producing large amounts of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. Here we present the whole-genome sequence of
Oceanimonas
sp. GK1, which consists of a single circular chromosome of 3,514,537 bp and two plasmids 8,462 and 4,245 bp in length.
Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus fructivorans KCTC 3543
Authors: Nam Seong-Hyeuk , Choi Sang-Haeng , Kang Aram , Lee Kang Seon , Kim Dong-Wook , Kim Ryong Nam , Kim Dae-Soo , Park Hong-Seog 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus fructivorans
is important in the generation of particular flavors and in other ripening processes associated with fermented food. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the type strain
Lactobacillus fructivorans
KCTC 3543 (1,373,326 bp, with a G+C content of 38.9%), which consists of 5 scaffolds. The genome sequence was obtained by using a whole-genome shotgun strategy with Roche 454 GS (FLX Titanium) pyrosequencing, and all of the reads were assembled using Newbler Assembler 2.3.
Genome Sequence of Janthinobacterium sp. Strain PAMC 25724, Isolated from Alpine Glacier Cryoconite
Authors: Kim Su Jin , Shin Seung Chul , Hong Soon Gyu , Lee Yung Mi , Lee Hyoungseok , Lee Jungeun , Choi In-Geol , Park Hyun 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

The draft genome of
Janthinobacterium
sp. strain PAMC 25724, which is a violacein-producing psychrotolerant bacterium, was determined. The strain was isolated from glacier cryoconite of the Alps mountain permafrost region. The sequence will allow identification and characterization of the genetic determination of its cold-adaptive properties.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile Strain CD37
Authors: Brouwer Michael S. M. , Allan Elaine , Mullany Peter , Roberts Adam P. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Here we report the draft genome sequence of
Clostridium difficile
strain CD37, the first nontoxigenic strain sequenced. Every sequenced strain of
Clostridium difficile
has been shown to contain multiple different mobile genetic elements. The draft genome sequence of strain CD37 reveals the presence of two putative conjugative transposons.
Genome Sequence of the Pattern-Forming Social Bacterium Paenibacillus dendritiformis C454 Chiral Morphotype
Authors: Sirota-Madi Alexandra , Olender Tsviya , Helman Yael , Brainis Ina , Finkelshtein Alin , Roth Dalit , Hagai Efrat , Leshkowitz Dena , Brodsky Leonid , Galatenko Vladimir , Nikolaev Vladimir , Gutnick David L. , Lancet Doron , Ben-Jacob Eshel 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Paenibacillus dendritiformis
is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling, spore-forming social microorganism. An intriguing collective faculty of this strain is manifested by its ability to switch between different morphotypes, such as the branching (T) and the chiral (C) morphotypes. Here we report the 6.3-Mb draft genome sequence of the
P. dendritiformis
C454 chiral morphotype.
Genome Sequence of the Human- and Animal-Pathogenic Strain Nocardia cyriacigeorgica GUH-2
Authors: Zoropogui Anthony , Pujic Petar , Normand Philippe , Barbe Valérie , Beaman Blaine , Beaman LoVelle , Boiron Patrick , Colinon Céline , Deredjian Amélie , Graindorge Arnault , Mangenot Sophie , Nazaret Sylvie , Neto Manuelle , Petit Stéphanie , Roche David , Vallenet David , Rodríguez-Nava Veronica , Richard Yves , Cournoyer Benoit , Blaha Didier 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

The pathogenic strain
Nocardia cyriacigeorgica
GUH-2 was isolated from a fatal human nocardiosis case, and its genome was sequenced. The complete genomic sequence of this strain contains 6,194,645 bp, an average G+C content of 68.37%, and no plasmids. We also identified several protein-coding genes to which
N. cyriacigeorgica
's virulence can potentially be attributed.
Genome Sequence of the Halophilic Archaeon Halococcus hamelinensis
Authors: Burns Brendan P. , Gudhka Reema K. , Neilan Brett A. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Halococcus hamelinensis
was isolated from hypersaline stromatolites in Shark Bay, Australia. Here we report the genome sequence (3,133,046 bp) of
H. hamelinensis
, which provides insights into the ecology, evolution, and adaptation of this novel microorganism.
Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus VC40, a Vancomycin- and Daptomycin-Resistant Strain, To Study the Genetics of Development of Resistance to Currently Applied Last-Resort Antibiotics
Authors: Sass Peter , Berscheid Anne , Jansen Andrea , Oedenkoven Marion , Szekat Christiane , Strittmatter Axel , Gottschalk Gerhard , Bierbaum Gabriele 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
is a problem of global importance. Here, we report the genome of
S. aureus
VC40, which is resistant to the last-resort antibiotics vancomycin and daptomycin. Its genome sequence will allow insights into the mechanisms that convey full resistance to these compounds.
De Novo
Genome Project of Cupriavidus basilensis OR16
Authors: Cserháti Mátyás , Kriszt Balázs , Szoboszlay Sándor , Tóth Ákos , Szabó István , Táncsics András , Nagy István , Horváth Balázs , Nagy István , Kukolya József 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Here we report on the complete genome sequence of
Cupriavidus basilensis
OR16 NCAIM BO2487. The genome of strain OR16 contains 7,534 putative coding sequences, including a large set of xenobiotics-degrading genes and a unique glucose dehydrogenase gene that is absent from other
Cupriavidus
genomes.
Evolutionary potential but not extinction risk of Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi) is associated with stream characteristics
Authors: Peacock Mary M. , Dochtermann Ned A. 
Published: March 2012

Habitat fragmentation represents a major extinction threat for species of all taxa. Isolated populations have a higher risk of local extinction because of environmental variability and demographic processes associated with small populations. Here we examine the relationships among isolation, habitat size, habitat characteristics and variability, and genetic effective population size with extinction risk for 10 isolated and three interconnected populations of Lahontan cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi ) sampled from throughout their range. Contrary to expectations, we did not find a relationship between most habitat variables and extinction risk. However, we did find strong relationships between habitat variables and genetic effective population size, including a significant negative correlation between pool density and effective population size. Small effective population sizes can result in reduced genetic variation and losses of evolutionary potential and adaptability to changing environments. The absence of strong habitat correlates with extinction risk — despite an observed relationship with effective population size — highlights the need to consider habitat diversity at multiple spatial scales when considering management scenarios to both promote population persistence and maintain evolutionary relevance.
Continental break-up along strike-slip fault zones; observations from the Equatorial Atlantic
Authors: Nemčok M. , Henk A. , Allen R. , Sikora P. J. , Stuart C. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The study focuses on Equatorial Atlantic margins, and draws from seismic, well, gravimetric and magnetic data combined with thermo-mechanical numerical modelling.
Our data and numerical modelling indicates that early drift along strike-slip-originated margins is frequently characterized by up to 10°–20° spreading vector adjustments. In combination with the warm, thinned crust of the continental margin, these adjustments control localized transpression.
Our observations indicate that early-drift margin slopes are too steep to hold sedimentary cover, which results in their inability to develop a moderately steep slope undergoing cycles of gravitational instability resulting in cyclic gravity gliding. These slopes either never develop such conditions or gain them at later development stages.
Our modelling suggests that the continental margin undergoing strike-slip-controlled break-up experiences warming due to thinning along pull-apart basin systems. Pull-apart basins eventually develop sea-floor spreading ridges. Margins bounded by strike-slip faults located among pull-apart basins with these ridges first undergo cooling. However, spreading ridges leaving the break-up trace along its strike eventually pass by these cooling margins, warming them again before the final cooling proceeds. As a result, the structural highs surrounded by several source rock kitchens witness a sequential expulsion onset in different kitchens along the trajectory of spreading ridges.

Supplementary material:

Discussion of the methods used, chronostratigraphic results and strike-slip margin characteristics are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18518
IL-33 Independently Induces Eosinophilic Pericarditis and Cardiac Dilation
Authors: Abston Eric D. , Barin Jobert G. , Cihakova Daniela , Bucek Adriana , Coronado Michael J. , Brandt Jessica E. , Bedja Djahida , Kim Joseph B. , Georgakopoulos Dimitrios , Gabrielson Kathleen L. , Mitzner Wayne , Fairweather DeLisa 
Published: March 2012

Background—
IL-33 through its receptor ST2 protects the heart from myocardial infarct and hypertrophy in animal models but, paradoxically, increases autoimmune disease. In this study, we examined the effect of IL-33 or ST2 administration on autoimmune heart disease.

Methods and Results—

We used pressure-volume relationships and isoproterenol challenge to assess the effect of recombinant (r) IL-33 or rST2 (eg, soluble ST2) administration on the development of autoimmune coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy in male BALB/c mice. The rIL-33 treatment significantly increased acute perimyocarditis (
P
=0.006) and eosinophilia (
P
=1.3×10
−5
), impaired cardiac function (maximum ventricular power,
P
=0.0002), and increased ventricular dilation (end-diastolic volume,
P
=0.01). The rST2 treatment prevented eosinophilia and improved heart function compared with rIL-33 treatment (ejection fraction,
P
=0.009). Neither treatment altered viral replication. The rIL-33 treatment increased IL-4, IL-33, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in the heart during acute myocarditis. To determine whether IL-33 altered cardiac function on its own, we administered rIL-33 to undiseased mice and found that rIL-33 induced eosinophilic pericarditis and adversely affected heart function. We used cytokine knockout mice to determine that this effect was due to IL-33-mediated signaling but not to IL-1β or IL-6.

Conclusions—
We show for the first time to our knowledge that IL-33 induces eosinophilic pericarditis, whereas soluble ST2 prevents eosinophilia and improves systolic function, and that IL-33 independently adversely affects heart function through the IL-33 receptor.
Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Childhood and Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Adulthood
Authors: Laitinen Tomi T. , Pahkala Katja , Magnussen Costan G. , Viikari Jorma S.A. , Oikonen Mervi , Taittonen Leena , Mikkilä Vera , Jokinen Eero , Hutri-Kähönen Nina , Laitinen Tomi , Kähönen Mika , Lehtimäki Terho , Raitakari Olli T. , Juonala Markus 
Published: March 2012

Background—
The American Heart Association (AHA) defined a new concept, cardiovascular health, and determined metrics needed to monitor it over time as part of its 2020 Impact Goal definition. Ideal cardiovascular health is defined by the presence of both ideal health behaviors and ideal health factors. The applicability of this concept to a cohort of children and its relationship with cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood has not been reported.

Methods and Results—

The sample comprised 856 participants aged 12 to 18 years (mean age 15.0 years) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study cohort. Participants were followed up for 21 years since baseline (1986) and had data available concerning health factors and behaviors in childhood and cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood (2007). The number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics present in childhood was associated with reduced risk of hypertension (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.66 [0.52–0.85],
P
<0.001), metabolic syndrome (0.66 [0.52–0.77],
P
<0.001), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.66 [0.52–0.85],
P
=0.001), and high-risk carotid artery intima-media thickness (0.75 [0.60–0.94],
P
=0.01) in adulthood. All analyses were age and sex adjusted, and the results were not altered after additional adjustment with socioeconomic status.

Conclusions—
The number of ideal cardiovascular health metrics present in childhood predicts subsequent cardiometabolic health in adulthood. Our findings suggest that pursuit of ideal cardiovascular health in childhood is important to prevent cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood.