bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Australian Eye and Ear Health Survey (AEEHS): Study protocol for a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kha Richard , Macken Oonagh , Mitchell Paul , Liew Gerald , Keay Lisa , Waddell Colina , Yang Eleanor , Do Vu , Fricke Tim , Newall John , Gopinath Bamini 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Vision and hearing impairments are highly prevalent and have a significant impact on physical, psychological and social wellbeing. There is a need for accurate, contemporary national data on the prevalence, risk factors and impacts of vision and hearing loss in Australian adults.

Objectives
The Australian Eye and Ear Health Survey (AEEHS) aims to determine the prevalence, risk factors and impacts of vision and hearing loss in both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous older adults.

Methods and analysis
The AEEHS is a population-based cross-sectional survey which will include 5,000 participants (3250 non-Indigenous aged 50 years or older and 1750 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 40 years or older) from 30 sites covering urban and rural/regional geographic areas, selected using a multi-stage, random cluster sampling strategy. Questionnaires will be administered to collect data on socio-demographic, medical, ocular and ontological history. The testing battery includes assessment of blood pressure, blood sugar, anthropometry, visual acuity (presenting, unaided, pinhole and best-corrected), refraction, tonometry, slit lamp and dilated eye examination, ocular imaging including optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT-angiography and retinal photography, and automated visual fields. Audiometry, tympanometry and video otoscopy will also be performed. The primary outcomes are age-standardised prevalence of cause-specific vision and hearing impairment. Secondary outcomes are prevalence of non-blinding eye diseases (including dry eye disease), patterns in health service utilisation, universal health coverage metrics, risk factors for vision and hearing impairment, and impact on quality of life.
Mechanisms of school-based peer education interventions to improve young people’s health literacy or health behaviours: A realist-informed systematic review
Authors: Widnall Emily , Dodd Steven , Russell Abigail Emma , Curtin Esther , Simmonds Ruth , Limmer Mark , Kidger Judi 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Peer education interventions are widely used in secondary schools with an aim to improve students’ health literacy and/or health behaviours. Although peer education is a popular intervention technique with some evidence of effectiveness, we know relatively little about the key components that lead to health improvements among young people, or components that may be less helpful. This review aims to identify the main mechanisms involved in school-based peer education health interventions for 11–18-year-olds.

Methods
Five electronic databases were searched for eligible studies during October 2020, an updated search was then conducted in January 2023 to incorporate any new studies published between November 2020 and January 2023. To be included in the review, studies must have evaluated a school-based peer education intervention designed to address aspects of the health of students aged 11-18 years old and contain data relevant to mechanisms of effect of these interventions. No restrictions were placed on publication date, or country but only manuscripts available in English language were included.

Results
Forty papers were identified for inclusion with a total of 116 references to intervention mechanisms which were subsequently grouped thematically into 10 key mechanisms. The four most common mechanisms discussed were: 1) Peerness; similar, relatable and credible 2) A balance between autonomy and support, 3) School values and broader change in school culture; and 4) Informal, innovative and personalised delivery methods. Mechanisms were identified in quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods intervention evaluations.

Discussion
This study highlights a number of key mechanisms that can be used to inform development of future school-based peer education health interventions to maximise effectiveness. Future studies should aim to create theories of change or logic models, and then test the key mechanisms, rather than relying on untested theoretical assumptions. Future work should also examine whether particular mechanisms may lead to harm, and also whether certain mechanisms are more or less important to address different health issues, or whether a set of generic mechanisms always need to be activated for success.
Polygenic risk score for acute rejection based on donor-recipient non-HLA genotype mismatch
Authors: Cao Rui , Schladt David P. , Dorr Casey , Matas Arthur J. , Oetting William S. , Jacobson Pamala A. , Israni Ajay , Chen Jinbo , Guan Weihua 
Published: May 2024

Background
Acute rejection (AR) after kidney transplantation is an important allograft complication. To reduce the risk of post-transplant AR, determination of kidney transplant donor-recipient mismatching focuses on blood type and human leukocyte antigens (HLA), while it remains unclear whether non-HLA genetic mismatching is related to post-transplant complications.

Methods
We carried out a genome-wide scan (HLA and non-HLA regions) on AR with a large kidney transplant cohort of 784 living donor-recipient pairs of European ancestry. An AR polygenic risk score (PRS) was constructed with the non-HLA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) filtered by independence (r2 < 0.2) and P-value (< 1×10−3) criteria. The PRS was validated in an independent cohort of 352 living donor-recipient pairs.

Results
By the genome-wide scan, we identified one significant SNP rs6749137 with HR = 2.49 and P-value = 2.15×10−8. 1,307 non-HLA PRS SNPs passed the clumping plus thresholding and the PRS exhibited significant association with the AR in the validation cohort (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = (1.07, 2.22), p = 0.019). Further pathway analysis attributed the PRS genes into 13 categories, and the over-representation test identified 42 significant biological processes, the most significant of which is the cell morphogenesis (GO:0000902), with 4.08 fold of the percentage from homo species reference and FDR-adjusted P-value = 8.6×10−4.

Conclusions
Our results show the importance of donor-recipient mismatching in non-HLA regions. Additional work will be needed to understand the role of SNPs included in the PRS and to further improve donor-recipient genetic matching algorithms.
Trial registry: Deterioration of Kidney Allograft Function Genomics (NCT00270712) and Genomics of Kidney Transplantation (NCT01714440) are registered on ClinicalTrials.gov.
Sibling-Support for Adolescent Girls (SSAGE): A study protocol for a pilot randomized-controlled trial of a whole-family, gender transformative approach to preventing mental illness among forcibly displaced adolescent girls
Authors: Seff Ilana , Deitch Julianne , Harker Roa Arturo , Rodriguez Carolina , Andia Tatiana , Ariza Pena Tamaity , Stark Lindsay 
Published: May 2024

Background
Forcibly displaced adolescents face increased risks for mental illness and distress, with adolescent girls disproportionately affected in part due to heightened gender inequity. Although the family unit has the potential to promote healthy development in adolescents, few family interventions have employed a gender transformative approach or included male siblings to maximize benefits for adolescent girls.

Methods
This study will assess a whole-family and gender transformative intervention-Sibling Support for Adolescent Girls in Emergencies (SSAGE)-to prevent mental health disorders among adolescent girls in Colombia who were recently and forcibly displaced from Venezuela. The study will employ a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation pilot randomized control trial (RCT) to test the program’s effectiveness to explore determinants of implementation to establish the feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity of SSAGE. To address these aims, we will enroll 180 recently arrived, forcibly displaced adolescent girls in an RCT and examine the program’s effectiveness in the prevention of mental illness (through reduction in anxiety, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, and somatization symptoms) one-month post-intervention. We will use contextually adapted to collect data on the hypothesized mechanistic pathways, including family attachment, gender-equitable family functioning, self-esteem, and coping strategies. The implementation evaluation will employ mixed methods to assess the program’s feasibility, acceptability, fidelity, and barriers and facilitators to successful implementation.

Discussion
Findings can support humanitarian program implementation, as well as inform policy to support adolescent girls’ mental health and to prevent the myriad disorders that can arise as a result of exposure to displacement, conflict, and inequitable gender norms.
Ethno-geographic distribution and histopathological classification of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a single center in Nepal
Authors: Pandit Subhas , Sapkota Simit , Adhikari Abish , Karki Prakriti , Yadav Deepak , Shrestha Roshani , Yogal Rijendra , Chalise Sanat , Pathak Rakesh , Jha Anjani Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) shows geographic and ethnic variation with specific etiopathogenesis. This study characterized the distribution of NPC patients stratified by ethnicity, geography, and histology in a tertiary-level cancer center in Nepal.

Methods
A descriptive retrospective study was designed to analyze NPC cases from different regions among patients visiting the hospital from 2016 to 2021. Demographic and clinical information was obtained from medical records. Ethical approval was granted by the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC). Data analyses and visualization were carried out with R software.

Results
During the six-year period, a total of 65 individuals were diagnosed with NPC, comprising 42 males and 23 females. Patient median age was 43 years (range 11–85 years). A bimodal age distribution of cases was observed with peaks in patients aged 30–39 years and 50–59 years. Of the NPC patients studied, 29 were from Koshi Province, with 7 cases from Ilam district and 6 cases from Morang district. There were 18 patients in Bagmati Province, and Kathmandu district had the highest number of cases within this region, with 8 patients. The highest proportion of cases were observed among patients of Janajati ethnicity (60%), including Rai, Limbu, and Sherpa people. Histologically, undifferentiated non-keratinizing NPC was the most commonly observed subtype, accounting for 43.1% of cases, followed by 20% differentiated non-keratinizing NPC and 4.6% keratinizing NPC across the entire sample population. The majority of patients (75.3%) were diagnosed at an advanced stage (stage III or IV) with none diagnosed at stage I.

Conclusions
In our study, most cases of NPC occurred in patients from provinces in eastern Nepal (Koshi province), and of the Janajati ethnic community. The most common histological subtype was undifferentiated non-keratinizing carcinoma. Further epidemiological studies could address differences in prevalence and the challenge of late presentation of NPC patients in Nepal.
Factors associated with viral load testing and viral suppression among HIV-positive female sex workers in Nigeria
Authors: Nwosu Kene David , Kalaiwo Abiye , Ngambi Wingston Felix , Estill Janne , Omo-Emmanuel Ughweroghene Kingston , Emmanuel Godwin , Keiser Olivia 
Published: May 2024

Background
Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk for HIV infection and face unique barriers to receiving and adhering to testing and treatment. Early viral suppression and consistent viral load testing are critical to optimizing health and reducing transmission in this population. However, the factors associated with testing and successful viral suppression among FSWs are poorly understood, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our study aimed to examine factors, including social, demographic, and clinical characteristics, associated with viral load testing and suppression among female sex workers initiating antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria.

Methods
In this retrospective study, we analyzed routine programmatic data from FSWs enrolled in the National HIV Key Populations (KP) program in Nigeria. We included FSWs who were newly diagnosed with HIV and registered between January 2016 and January 2022. Primary outcomes of interest were a), receiving a viral load test at any point after treatment initiation and b), viral suppression (<1000 copies/ml) at the test closest to 6 months after treatment initiation. To identify factors associated with the outcomes of interest, we used univariable and multivariable logistic regression, with random intercepts for care facilities, and multiple imputation for missing values.

Findings
Out of 34,976 FSWs, 97.1% (n = 33,945) received at least one viral load test, with 94.5% (n = 32,092) indicating viral suppression. The odds of receiving at least one viral load test were higher for those who entered treatment in more recent years, those with formal education and those with advanced HIV stages at baseline (adjusted odds ratios [aOR]: 1.17 [1.14–1.19] for those who entered treatment in 2020 vs. 2016; 1.02 [1.01–1.03] for post-secondary vs. no education; and 1.05 [1.01–1.10] for WHO clinical stage 3/4 vs. stage 1 respectively). The odds of successful viral suppression were higher for those who entered treatment in more recent years, but lower for those with advanced HIV stages at baseline (aOR: 1.13 [1.09–1.18] for 2022 vs. 2016; and 0.92 [0.87–0.98] for WHO clinical stage 3/4 vs. stage 1 respectively).

Conclusions
The study underscored the relevance of timely diagnosis and ART initiation for optimal outcomes among HIV-positive FSWs in Nigeria. We also observed significant improvements in the likelihood of early viral load testing and suppression over the study period, reflecting advancements in the KP program. Further research should clarify factors driving these trends to further strengthen the HIV care pipeline for female sex workers.
A simple clinical score to reduce unnecessary testing for Puumala hantavirus
Authors: Brockmann Justus , Kleines Michael , Ghaffari Laleh Narmin , Kather Jakob Nikolas , Wied Stephanie , Floege Jürgen , Braun Gerald S. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) causes nephropathia epidemica (NE), an endemic form of transient acute renal injury (AKI). Serological testing is the mainstay of diagnosis. It was the aim of the present study to assist decision-making for serological testing by constructing a simple tool that predicts the likelihood of PUUV positivity.

Methods
We conducted a comparative cohort study of all PUUV-tested cases at Aachen University tertiary care center in Germany between mid-2013 and mid-2021. N = 293 qualified for inclusion; N = 30 had a positive test result and clinical NE; N = 263 were negative. Two predictive point scores, the Aachen PUUV Score (APS) 1 and 2, respectively, were derived with the aid of logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis by determining the presence of four admission parameters. For internal validation, the internal Monte Carlo method was applied. In addition, partial external validation was performed using an independent historic cohort of N = 41 positive cases of NE.

Results
APS1 is recommended for clinical use as it estimated the probability of PUUV positivity in the entire medical population tested. With a range from 0 to 6 points, it yielded an area under the curve of 0.94 by allotting 2 points each for fever or headache and 1 point each for AKI or LDH>300 U/L. A point sum of 0–2 safely predicted negativity for PUUV, as was confirmed in the NE validation cohort.

Conclusion
Here, we present a novel, easy-to-use tool to guide the diagnostic management of suspected PUUV infection/NE and to safely avoid unnecessary serological testing, as indicated by point sum class 0–2. Since 67% of the cohort fell into this stratum, half of the testing should be avoidable in the future.
High risk of burnout syndrome and associated factors in medical students: A cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: Ilic Irena , Zivanovic Macuzic Ivana , Ilic Milena 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Although research on burnout syndrome in medical students has increased in recent years, results are inconsistent about which factors are associated with a high risk for burnout syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of high risk of burnout syndrome and to identify factors associated with burnout in medical students in preclinical and clinical training.

Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Kragujevac, Serbia. The Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey and an epidemiological questionnaire on basic socio-demographic and academic characteristics were used. Statistical evaluation was performed through logistic regression analysis, using Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI).

Results
Among medical students, no statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of high risk of burnout syndrome in preclinical (14.8%) and clinical grade (15.1%), p > 0.05. High risk for burnout syndrome in preclinical study years was independently associated with the female sex (adjusted OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.19–0.91, p = 0.028), and cigarette smoking (adjusted OR = 2.47, 95%CI = 1.05–5.78, p = 0.038). The high risk of burnout syndrome was associated with sedatives use (adjusted OR = 4.03, 95%CI = 1.27–12.73; p = 0.018) only in clinical years medical students. The frequency of alcohol consumption was correlated with the high risk of burnout syndrome in medical students in both preclinical and clinical training, but without statistical significance (both p for trend < 0.1).

Conclusion
There was a significant prevalence of burnout among medical students, with some modifiable associated factors revealed.
NeutronOrch: Rethinking Sample-Based GNN Training under CPU-GPU Heterogeneous Environments
Authors: Ai Xin , Wang Qiange , Cao Chunyu , Zhang Yanfeng , Chen Chaoyi , Yuan Hao , Gu Yu , Yu Ge 
Published: May 2024

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown exceptional performance across a wide range of applications. Current frameworks leverage CPU-GPU heterogeneous environments for GNN model training, incorporating mini-batch and sampling techniques to mitigate GPU memory constraints. In such settings, sample-based GNN training can be divided into three phases: sampling, gathering, and training. Existing GNN systems deploy various task orchestration methods to execute each phase on either the CPU or GPU. However, through comprehensive experimentation and analysis, we observe that these task orchestration approaches do not optimally exploit the available heterogeneous resources, hindered by either inefficient CPU processing or GPU resource bottlenecks.
In this paper, we propose NeutronOrch, a system for sample-based GNN training that ensures balanced utilization of the CPU and GPU. NeutronOrch decouples the training process by layer and pushes down the training task of the bottom layer to the CPU. This significantly reduces the computational load and memory footprint of GPU training. To avoid inefficient CPU processing, NeutronOrch only offloads the training of frequently accessed vertices to the CPU and lets GPU reuse their embeddings with bounded staleness. Furthermore, NeutronOrch provides a fine-grained pipeline design for the layer-based task orchestrating method. The experimental results show that compared with the state-of-the-art GNN systems, NeutronOrch can achieve up to 11.51× performance speedup.
Perspectives of pteridophytes microbiome for bioremediation in agricultural applications
Authors: Rout Yasaswinee , Swain Soumya Sephalika , Ghana Madhusmita , Dash Debabrata , Nayak Shubhransu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The microbiome is the synchronised congregation of millions of microbial cells in a particular ecosystem. The rhizospheric, phyllospheric, and endospheric microbial diversity of lower groups of plants like pteridophytes, which includes the Ferns and Fern Allies, have also given numerous alternative opportunities to achieve greener and sustainable agriculture. The broad-spectrum bioactivities of these microorganisms, including bioremediation of heavy metals (HMs) in contaminated soil, have been drawing the attention of agricultural researchers for the preparation of bioformulations for applications in climate-resilient and versatile agricultural production systems. Pteridophytes have an enormous capacity to absorb HMs from the soil. However, their direct application in the agricultural field for HM absorption seems infeasible. At the same time, utilisation of Pteridophyte-associated microbes having the capacity for bioremediation have been evaluated and can revolutionise agriculture in mining and mineral-rich areas. In spite of the great potential, this group of microbiomes has been less studied. Under these facts, this prospective review was carried out to summarise the basic and applied research on the potential of Pteridophyte microbiomes for soil bioremediation and other agricultural applications globally. Gaps have also been indicated to present scopes for future research programmes.
Sparks from the Clouds: a modern Buddhist poem
Authors: Hopkins John A. F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Although published only two years after Eliot’s famous modernist poem “The Waste Land” (1922), Miyazawa Kenji’s 52-line “Haru to Shura” (1924) is already very nearly as modern. The two poems, examined here using my expanded version of Riffaterre’s semiotic theory, have analogous propositional structure. One proposition concerns the faithless majority of mankind; the other involves a heavenly personage of potentially rehabilitating power. In Miyazawa’s case, the former is represented by Japanese peasants; the latter is the “Shura” – normally an unruly member of the lowest rank of Buddhist demigods. Miyazawa’s modernist message reverses the roles of these two personae: the Shura only wants to be recognized by the peasant he spies below his abode in the clouds. The peasant comes off as the lesser of the two beings because of his obdurate fixation on the soil. Miyazawa enhances the contrast of roles by painting the spring landscape – normally a season of burgeoning nature – in somber colors. This is a spring (haru) in which no birds sing, and the ranks of cypress trees are black. Commentaries by Japanese critics, plus one by one of my students, are examined: none can distance themselves from common sociolectic concepts of the seasons and the peasant population. Miyazawa, a devout Buddhist, is thus expressing a novel view of the people’s attitude to religion which they themselves are culpably unaware of. Their attitude is thus very close to that of the various personages in Eliot’s poem.