bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host‐derived diagnostic markers related to soft tissue destruction and bone degradation in periodontitis
Authors: Buduneli Nurcan , Kinane Denis F. 
Published: February 2011

Buduneli N, Kinane DF: Host‐derived diagnostic markers related to soft tissue destruction and bone degradation in periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 (Suppl. 11): 85–105. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01670.x.AbstractBackground: A major challenge in clinical periodontics is to find a reliable molecular marker of periodontal tissue destruction with high sensitivity, specificity and utility.Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate available literature on ‘the utility of molecular markers of soft and hard periodontal tissue destruction’.Materials and Methods: Based on the focused question, ‘What is the utility of molecular markers of soft and hard periodontal tissue destruction’, an electronic and manual search was conducted for human studies presenting clinical data for the potential of molecular markers of tissue destruction in biofluids; gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and serum.Results: Papers fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected. All relevant data from the selected papers were extracted and recorded in separate tables for molecules in GCF, saliva, and serum.Conclusion: Within the defined limits of the Problem/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, the present analysis reveals that (a) no single or combination of markers exists that can disclose periodontal tissue destruction adequately; (b) while the most fruitful source of biomarkers for periodontal destruction appears to be in molecules tightly related to bone and soft tissue destruction, this remains to be objectively demonstrated. Currently, clinical measurements are still the most reliable.
How has research into cytokine interactions and their role in driving immune responses impacted our understanding of periodontitis?
Authors: Preshaw Philip M. , Taylor John J. 
Published: February 2011

Preshaw PM, Taylor JJ. How has research into cytokine interactions and their role in driving immune responses impacted our understanding of periodontitis? J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 (Suppl. 11): 60–84. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01671.x. AbstractObjective: To review current knowledge on cytokine interactions and the cytokine‐mediated links between innate and adaptive immunity that are relevant to the pathophysiology of periodontitis.Materials and Methods: A structured review of the literature was undertaken to identify relevant research publications using a Medline search from 1950 to September 2010. The focus of the search was on the functional role of cytokines, i.e. their actions and responses relevant to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease rather than more descriptive studies of their expression in tissues and body fluids. It was not possible to conduct a traditional systematic review with a focussed question due to the heterogeneity of published research.Results: There is enormous heterogeneity in the periodontal literature in terms of experimental approaches. We have the deepest understanding of the role of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines [e.g. interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumour necrosis factor‐α, IL‐6] with accumulating data on T‐cell regulatory cytokines (e.g. IL‐12, IL‐18), chemokines and cytokines which mediate bone cell development and function (e.g. receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand, osteoprotegerin). It is clear that there are multiple, overlapping and complex functional links between cytokines with regulatory control exerted at a number of levels and involving numerous cell types (both immune cells and resident cells in the periodontium).Conclusion: Cytokines appear to interact functionally in networks in the periodontium and integrate aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. However, our understanding is far from complete, particularly how molecular and cellular pathways relate to disease pathogenesis. We should adopt consistent experimental approaches to gain better insight into the totality of cytokine networks and how they drive immune responses in the periodontium.
Are peri‐implantitis lesions different from periodontitis lesions?
Authors: Berglundh Tord , Zitzmann Nicola U. , Donati Mauro 
Published: February 2011

Berglundh T, Zitzmann NU, Donati M. Are peri‐implantitis lesions different from periodontitis lesions? J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 (Suppl. 11): 188–122. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01672.x.AbstractAim: To compare histopathological characteristics of peri‐implantitis and periodontitis lesions.Methods: A search was conducted on publications up to July 2010. Studies carried out on human biopsy material and animal experiments were considered.Results: While comprehensive information exists regarding histopathological characteristics of human periodontitis lesions, few studies evaluated peri‐implantitis lesions in human biopsy material. Experimental peri‐implantitis lesions were evaluated in 10 studies and three of the studies included comparisons to experimental periodontitis. Human biopsy material: the apical extension of the inflammatory cell infiltrate (ICT) was more pronounced in peri‐implantitis than in periodontitis and was in most cases located apical of the pocket epithelium. Plasma cells and lymphocytes dominated among cells in both types of lesions, whereas neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages occurred in larger proportions in peri‐implantitis. Experimental studies: placement of ligatures together with plaque formation resulted in loss of supporting tissues and large ICTs around implants and teeth. Following ligature removal, a “self‐limiting” process occurred in the tissues around teeth with a connective tissue capsule that separated the ICT from bone, while in peri‐implant tissues the ICT extended to the bone crest.Conclusion: Despite similarities regarding clinical features and aetiology of peri‐implantitis and periodontitis, critical histopathological differences exist between the two lesions.
Periimplant diseases: where are we now? – Consensus of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology
Authors: Lang Niklaus P. , Berglundh Tord ,   on Behalf of Working Group 4 of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology
Published: February 2011

Lang NP, Berglundh T on Behalf of Working Group 4 of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology: Periimplant diseases: where are we now? – Consensus of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 (Suppl. 11): 178–181. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01674.x.AbstractBackground: Peri‐implant diseases present in two forms – peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis.Materials and Methods: The literature was systematically searched and critically reviewed. Four manuscripts were produced in specific topics identified as key areas to understand the microbial aetiology and the pathogenesis of peri‐implant diseases and how the implant surface structure may affect pathogenesis.Results: While peri‐implant mucositis represents the host response of the peri‐implant tissues to the bacterial challenge that is not fundamentally different from gingivitis representing the host response to the bacterial challenge in the gingiva, peri‐implantitis may differ from periodontitis both in the extent and the composition of cells in the lesion as well as the progression rate. A self‐limiting process with a "protective" connective tissue capsule developing appears to dominate the periodontitis lesion while such a process may occasionally be lacking in peri‐implantitis lesions. Bacterial biofilm formation on implant surfaces does not differ from that on tooth surfaces, but may be influenced by surface roughness. Nevertheless there is no evidence that such differences may influence the development of peri‐implantitis.Conclusion: It was agreed that clinical and radiographic data should routinely be obtained after prosthesis installation on implants in order to establish a baseline for the diagnosis of peri‐implantitis during maintenance of implant patients.
Biological approaches to the development of novel periodontal therapies – Consensus of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology
Authors: Tonetti Maurizio S. , Chapple Iain L. C. ,   on Behalf of Working Group 3 of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground: Periodontitis remains a major public health issue and current management approaches have failed to impact upon the most high‐risk proportion of the population and those with the most severe disease. The objective of this session was to assess if and how, current understanding of periodontitis provides the opportunity to develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies.Materials and Methods: Based on the current understanding of the pathophysiology of periodontal diseases, the Workshop discussed the potential of antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, pro‐resolving lipid mediators, and micronutritional approaches. Evidence‐based position papers and expert discussions formed the basis of deliberations.Results and Discussion: Current preventive and treatment approaches are only partially effective, and this appears due to the therapeutic focus remaining primarily upon biofilm management rather than embracing a pivotal role for inflammation as a driver of biofilm composition as well as tissue damage. There is a need to develop new, more effective, and efficient preventive and treatment approaches for gingivitis and periodontitis, which embrace recent advances in understanding of host modulation and inflammation resolution, as well as direct management of the microbiota.
Conventional vs. Extended-Cycle Oral Contraceptives on the Quality of Sexual Life: Comparison Between Two Regimens Containing 3 mg Drospirenone and 20 µg Ethinyl Estradiol
Authors: Caruso Salvatore , Iraci Sareri Marco , Agnello Carmela , Romano Mattea , Lo Presti Lucia , Malandrino Chiara , Cianci Antonio 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Women may use new oral contraceptives (OC) having flexible extended-cycle regimens with a reduced hormone-free interval.

Aim
To study the changes of the quality of sexual life in users of the traditional 21/7 or extended-cycle 24/4 OC regimens both containing 3 mg drospirenone and 20 µg ethinyl estradiol.

Methods
One hundred fifteen women (age range 18–37 years) were enrolled. Fifty-four women were randomly placed on traditional OC standard regimen, administered for 21 days, followed by a 7-day hormone-free interval (group A); and 61 women were placed on extended-cycle OC regimen covering 24 days of the cycle with a 4-day hormone-free interval (group B).
The Short Form-36 (SF-36) validate questionnaire to assess quality of life (QoL) and the Short Personal Experience Questionnaire (SPEQ) to measure the changes of sexual behavior were administered before starting OC intake and at the 3rd and 6th cycle follow-ups.

Main Outcome Measure
The SF-36 and the SPEQ questionnaires.

Results
Group A women reported QoL improvement during the 6th cycle on all the scales (P &lt;0.05). Group B women reported QoL improvement during the 3rd and 6th cycle (P &lt;0.05). Satisfaction with sexual activity, arousal, orgasm, and desire increased during the 3rd cycle in women on the group B (P &lt;0.05). Group A women did not report any change in all SPEQ items. At the 6th cycle, group B women reported better sexual experience than baseline in all SPEQ items (P &lt;0.05). All subjects who were affected by dyspareunia before OC intake reported decreased genital pain associated with intercourse at the 3rd and 6th cycle of both OC regimens (P &lt;0.05).

Conclusion
Women could use OCs in a subjective flexible modality. The extended-cycle OC might produce positive effects on the quality of sexual life, enforcing the concept of tailoring an OC to a woman.
A Feasibility Study Comparing Pharmacist and Physician Recommendations for Sildenafil Treatment
Authors: Symonds Tara , Dean John D. , Carr Alison , Carlsson Martin , Marfatia Aditya , Schnetzler Gabriel 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In Europe, pharmacists may be an important first point of contact for men with erectile dysfunction (ED) asking for advice and treatment.

Aim
To determine if European community pharmacists could appropriately recommend suitability for supply of sildenafil 50 mg for the treatment of ED.

Methods
For this cross-sectional, observational study, the current Summary of Product Characteristics was adapted to create a study drug information sheet for use in a pharmacy setting in which, for certain patients, supply is not suitable and referral to a physician is recommended. After training and with use of a guidance questionnaire, pharmacists assessed the suitability of supply of sildenafil 50 mg for men presenting to their pharmacy. Men with self-reported ED who were not currently using a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor were recruited. Within 7 days of the pharmacist-patient interaction, a physician with experience in the management of ED telephoned the subject to assess suitability. If there was discordance between the pharmacist and physician recommendations, the case was independently reassessed by a physician specialist in sexual medicine.

Main Outcome Measures
The primary end point was the concordance rate (with 95% confidence intervals) between pharmacist and physician recommendations. Rates were weighted by country sample sizes.

Results
Concordance (95% confidence interval) was 0.70 (0.66–0.74) between pharmacist and physician recommendation, indicating agreement in 70% of cases, and was 0.90 (0.86–0.94) between pharmacist and physician specialist in sexual medicine. Furthermore, if the cases in which the pharmacist did not put subjects at risk (i.e., gave an acceptable recommendation) are assessed, the success rate is 83.5% (79.6–87.4%) and 92.8% (90.1–95.5%), respectively.

Conclusion
Pharmacists were accurate in providing suitable treatment recommendation, generally not recommending sildenafil for men without ED and recommending physician assessment when there was any question about cardiovascular health, other comorbidity, or co-medication.
International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Scores Generated by Men or Female Partners Correlate Equally Well with Own Satisfaction (Sexual, Partnership, Life, and Mental Health)
Authors: Weiss Petr , Brody Stuart 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction has adverse implications for both men and their female partners. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) is a widely used self-report measure. It was unclear whether scores generated by women on behalf of men are comparable to self-reports, and how IIEF scores are associated with satisfaction for both sexes in both sexual and nonsexual realms (e.g., mental health).

Aims
To examine sex differences in IIEF-5 scores generated by both sexes, and to examine associations of IIEF-5 scores with satisfaction aspects (sexual, life, own mental health, partnership) and with women's vaginal orgasm consistency (VOC).

Methods
A representative sample of Czechs (787 men and 720 women not from the same couple) aged 35–65 years completed the IIEF-5, LiSat satisfaction scale items, and provided penile–vaginal intercourse (PVI) frequency, and for women, VOC.

Main Outcome Measures
Correlations between satisfaction measures and IIEF-5 scores separately by sex. To examine sex differences: t-test for IIEF-5 score and tests for difference of a correlation for associations of IIEF-5 with satisfaction measures. Analysis of covariance examined the association of IIEF-5 scores and VOC. Multiple regression calculated satisfaction scores from IIEF-5, PVI frequency, age, and for women: VOC.

Results
IIEF-5 scores generated by men and by women were similar, and similarly positively correlated with all satisfaction measures (r: 0.41–0.45 with sexual, 0.23–0.34 with other; all P &lt;0.001). IIEF-5 correlated positively with VOC. Multivariate analyses indicated IIEF-5 scores; PVI frequency (and for women, VOC) make independent contributions to aspects of satisfaction for both sexes.

Conclusions
In this representative sample, women generated IIEF-5 scores similar to men-generated scores. For both sexes, greater IIEF-5 scores and PVI frequency (plus VOC for women) are associated with greater sexual and nonsexual satisfaction. Better erectile function was associated with greater VOC. Greater support for optimizing specifically PVI function, frequency, and quality is warranted.
Randomized Comparison Between Laparoscopic and Robot-Assisted Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Asimakopoulos Anastasios D. , Pereira Fraga Clovis T. , Annino Filippo , Pasqualetti Patrizio , Calado Adriano A. , Mugnier Camille 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compare pure laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) with robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) is an important gap of the literature related to the surgical treatment of the clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa).

Aim
To provide the first prospective randomized comparison on the functional and oncological outcomes of LRP and RALRP for the treatment of the clinically localized PCa.

Methods
Between 2007 and 2008, 128 consecutive male patients were randomized in two groups and treated by a single experienced surgeon with traditional LRP (Group I-64 patients) or RALRP (Group II-64 patients) in all cases with intent of bilateral intrafascial nerve sparing.

Main Outcome Measures
Primary end point was to compare the 12 months erectile function (EF) outcomes. Complication rates, continence outcomes, and oncological results were also compared. The sample size of our study was able, with an adequate power (1-beta &gt; 0.90), to recognize as significant large differences (above 0.30) between incidence proportions of considered outcomes.

Results
No statistically significant differences were observed for operating time, estimated blood loss, transfusion rate, complications, rates of positive surgical margins, rates of biochemical recurrence, continence, and time to continence. However, the 12-month evaluation of capability for intercourse (with or without phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors) showed a clear and significant advantage of RALRP (32% vs. 77%, P  &lt; 0.0001). Time to capability for intercourse was significantly shorter for RALRP. Rates of return to baseline International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-6) EF domain score questionnaires (questions 1–5 and 15) (25% vs. 58%) and to IIEF-6 &gt; 17 (38% vs. 63%) were also significantly higher for RALRP (P  = 0.0002 and P  = 0.008, respectively).

Conclusions
Our study offers the first high-level evidence that RALRP provides significantly better EF recovery than LRP without hindering the oncologic radicality of the procedure. Larger RCTs are needed to confirm if a new gold-standard treatment in the field of RP has risen.
Update on Corpus Cavernosum Smooth Muscle Contractile Pathways in Erectile Function: A Role for Testosterone?
Authors: Zhang Xin-hua , Melman Arnold , DiSanto Michael E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntroductionNormal erectile function (EF) involves a coordinated relaxation of the arteries that supply the penis and the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM), resulting in expansion of the sinusoids and increased intracavernous pressure. But the CCSM spends the majority of its time in the contracted state which is mediated by norepinephrine released from nerve endings and other vasoconstrictors like endothelins released from the endothelium. These agents cause smooth muscle myosin (SMM) phosphorylation by elevating intracellular calcium. When calcium returns to basal levels, the calcium sensitivity increases and prevents myosin dephosphorylation, which involves the RhoA/Rho-kinase (ROK) mechanism, thus maintaining force. Although mounting evidences demonstrate that androgens have a major influence on EF that is not just centrally mediated, this notion remains quite controversial.AimTo summarize the current knowledge on CCSM contractile pathways, the role they play in modulating EF, and the influence of androgens.MethodsThe article reviews the literature and contains some previously unpublished data on CCSM contraction signaling including the role that androgens are known to play in modulating these pathways.Main Outcome MeasuresData from peer-reviewed publications and previously unpublished observations.ResultsIn addition to downregulation of many pro-erectile molecular mechanisms, decreased testosterone (T) levels upregulate CCSM contractility, including hyperresponsiveness to α-adrenergic agonists, increased SMM phosphorylation, alteration of SMM isoform composition, activation of RhoA/ROK signaling and modulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate regulation of CCSM tone.ConclusionsDecreased T levels upregulate CCSM contractile signaling. Meanwhile, it downregulates CCSM relaxation pathways synergizing to produce erectile dysfunction (ED). Although some urologists and researchers are still skeptical of the influence of androgens on penile erection, understanding these molecular control mechanisms as well as the influence that androgens have on these pathways should provide new evidence supporting the roles of androgens in EF and enhance the discovery of novel targets for drug development to treat ED.
Test–Retest Reliability during Fear Acquisition and Fear Extinction in Humans
Authors: Zeidan Mohamed A. , Lebron‐Milad Kelimer , Thompson‐Hollands Johanna , Im Jamie J.Y. , Dougherty Darin D. , Holt Daphne J. , Orr Scott P. , Milad Mohammed R. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYAims: Classical fear conditioning and extinction has been used to understand the neurobiology of fear learning and its inhibition. The recall of an extinction memory involves the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, and patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been shown to exhibit deficits in this process. Furthermore, extinction forms the basis of exposure therapies commonly used to treat PTSD patients. It is possible that effective pharmacological and/or psychological treatment regimens could influence the activity of these regions, and thereby increase the ability to retain an extinction memory. However, to test this, a fear conditioning and extinction paradigm must demonstrate within‐subject reproducibility over time. We, therefore, sought to test the within‐subject reliability of a previously used 2‐day, classical fear conditioning and extinction paradigm. Methods: Eighteen healthy participants participated in a 2‐day paradigm on three occasions, each separated by at least 12 weeks. Conditioning and extinction took place on Day 1, and extinction recall and fear renewal were evaluated on Day 2 on each of the three occasions. The conditioned stimulus was a visual cue and the unconditioned stimulus was a mild electric shock to the fingers. Skin conductance was recorded throughout the experiment to measure conditioned responses. Results: We found that conditioning and extinction recall were not significantly different across time and were correlated within subjects. Conclusion: These data illustrate the reliability of this paradigm and its potential usefulness in evaluating the influence of a given treatment on the fear extinction network in longitudinal within‐subject designs.