bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐invasive cryolipolysis for body contouring in Chinese—a first commercial experience
Authors: Shek Samantha Y. , Chan Nicola P.Y. , Chan Henry H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the study is to determine the clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction of a novel cryolipolysis device (Zeltiq®) for body contouring in Chinese after a single treatment and after 2 treatments at a commercial setting.Materials and MethodsTwo groups of patients were recruited for this procedure at their own cost. Group A, 21 subjects, received a single treatment and group B, 12 subjects, received 2 treatments, average 3 months apart using the Zeltiq Breeze System®. The thickness of fat at the treatment site was measured by a caliper and the data were collected at baseline and 2 months post‐treatment. Standardized clinical photos were also taken at baseline and follow‐up visits. Subjective assessment was carried out in the form of a questionnaire. Any adverse effects were documented. Statistical analyses were performed on the data to compare the efficacy after a single treatment and after 2 treatments.ResultsThe first group of subjects, received a single treatment, showed that there was a significant improvement (P < 0.0001). The second group of subjects showed that the improvement was significant after 1 and 2 treatments when compared to the baseline. The extent of improvement after the second treatment however, was not as dramatic as the first treatment.ConclusionNon‐invasive cryolipolysis is effective for body contouring in Chinese. It is shown to have a further improvement with subsequent treatment sessions but of a lesser extent. The second treatment was statistically significant for abdomen, though not for love handles. Lasers Surg. Med. 44:125–130, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protective activity of processed tomato products on postprandial oxidation and inflammation: A clinical trial in healthy weight men and women
Authors: Burton‐Freeman Britt , Talbot Julie , Park Eunyoung , Krishnankutty Sandhya , Edirisinghe Indika 
Published: February 2012

ScopeThis study was designed to evaluate the ability of tomato rich in lycopene to modify postprandial oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial function in healthy weight individuals.Methods and resultsTwelve women and 13 men (mean age = 27 ± 8 years; mean body mass index= 22 ± 2) consumed high‐fat meals known to induce postprandial oxidative stress on two separate occasions containing either processed tomato product or non‐tomato alternative. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 min, then hourly until 360 min. Flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) was performed at 0 and 210 min. Endpoints included changes in glucose, insulin, lipids, oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (OxLDL), inflammatory cytokines, and FMD. Both meals induced increases in plasma glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations (p < 0.05). A trend for higher triglycerides at >240 min was observed after the tomato meal (p = 0.006). Tomato significantly attenuated high‐fat meal‐induced LDL oxidation (p < 0.05) and rise in interleukin‐6 (p < 0.0001), a proinflammatory cytokine and inflammation marker.ConclusionThe data indicate that consuming tomato products with a meal attenuates postprandial lipemia‐induced oxidative stress and associated inflammatory response. The relevance of OxLDL and inflammation to vascular injury suggests a potentially important protective role of tomato in reducing cardiovascular disease risk. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration number – NCT00966550.
Non‐stick Polymer Coatings for Energy‐based Surgical Devices Employed in Vessel Sealing
Authors: Kang Sung Kil , Kim Paul Y. , Koo Il Gyo , Kim Ho Young , Jung Jae‐Chul , Choi Myeong Yeol , Lee Jae Koo , Collins George J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEnergy‐based surgical devices are widely used to fuse tissues and seal vessels, but tissue adhesion to the instrument complicates the procedure. We deposit a robust non‐stick coating on the jaws of LigaSureTM tissue fusion devices by employing an atmospheric pressure RF‐driven plasma with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) entrained in argon carrier gas. The hydrophobicity, surface energy, surface topography, and chemical characteristics of deposited films are characterized by water contact angle measurements, surface energy test pens, atomic force microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. We demonstrate significantly reduced tissue adhesion to HMDSO polymer film‐coated instruments during the tissue fusion procedure in comparison with uncoated and chromium nitride‐coated instruments.magnified image
Laser lift‐off of AlN/sapphire for UV light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Aoshima Hiroki , Takeda Kenichiro , Takehara Kosuke , Ito Shun , Mori Mikiko , Iwaya Motoaki , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Akasaki Isamu , Amano Hiroshi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe report on laser lift‐off (LLO) of AlN/sapphire for UV light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Underfill between chip and submount is a key factor for the successful LLO of AlN/sapphire. We fabricated thin‐film‐flip‐chip UV LEDs with a peak wavelength of 343 nm using the LLO. Moreover surface texturing was carried out on the exfoliated AlN surface. The light output power from the UV LED after the LLO and the surface texture at exfoliated surface is 1.7 times higher than that before the LLO at 20 mA (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Potential biomarkers for identification of mycobacterial cultures by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Crespo E. , de Ronde H. , Kuijper S. , Pol A. , Kolk A. H. J. , Cristescu S. M. , Anthony R. M. , Harren F. J. M. 
Published: February 2012

RATIONALESeveral mycobacterial species can produce serious infections in humans, and the treatment required depends on the infecting species. Fast identification, ideally with minimal manipulation of the infecting species, is therefore critical; here, we propose a method potentially allowing cultures to be identified by headspace analysis and use it to screen for differences between mycobacterial species based on the volatiles released during growth.METHODSShort‐chain volatile organic compound emissions from two non‐tuberculosis slow growing mycobacterial species, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium kansasii, and a non‐pathogenic fast growing species, Mycobacterium smegmatis, in Middlebrook M7H9 culturing media were followed online with a proton transfer reaction quadrupole mass spectrometer.RESULTSMeasurable differences between the headspace of the two slow growing mycobacteria M. kansasii and M. avium were found, as well as differences with respect to the faster growing mycobacteria M. smegmatis. Three compounds, attributed to sulfur‐containing volatiles – dimethyl sulfide, propanethiol and dimethyl disulfide – were found to be specific to M. avium.CONCLUSIONSClear differences were detected in the low molecular weight volatile emissions compounds of the mycobacterial species under study, without the need for sample manipulation. Further studies with other mycobacterial species will reveal if the differences observed are specific to the species studied here. Furthermore, the use of an ion trap as a mass analyzer with the same ionization technique, allowing molecular detection over a wider molecular range, could allow the detection of additional biomarkers thus capturing a wider molecular range. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of different tandem mass spectrometric techniques (ESI‐IT, ESI‐ and IP‐MALDI‐QRTOF and vMALDI‐TOF/RTOF) for the analysis of crocins and picrocrocin from the stigmas of Crocus sativus L.
Authors: Koulakiotis Nikolaos Stavros , Pittenauer Ernst , Halabalaki Maria , Tsarbopoulos Anthony , Allmaier Günter 
Published: February 2012

RATIONALEThe expensive spice saffron originating from the stigmas of Crocus sativus L. and also applied in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitutes a complex mixture of glycoconjugates varying not only in the aglycon structure, but also in glycosylation pattern. Therefore, various tandem mass spectrometric techniques were evaluated for their usefulness in structural elucidation.METHODSThree selected constituents of the stigmas of Crocus sativus L., trans‐ and cis‐crocin‐4 as well as picrocrocin, were isolated and purified by HPLC and finally analyzed by ESI‐MS (ion trap, QqRTOF), IP‐MALDI‐MS (QqRTOF) and vMALDI‐MS (TOF/RTOF) in combination with tandem mass spectrometry in collision energy regimes ranging from a few eV (LE) to 20 keV (HE) collisions for the first time. These data aid in structurally elucidating minor, unknown glycoconjugates originating from this plant‐derived spice.RESULTSLE‐CID of isomeric crocins on either an ion trap with ESI or a QqRTOF‐instrument with ESI or IP‐MALDI as desorption/ionization technique only yielded a limited number of structurally diagnostic sodiated product ions related to the carbohydrate moiety as well as to the intact aglycon in contrast to true HE‐CID. The low MW constituent picrocrocin did not yield useful LE‐CID spectra, but showed a high number of structurally diagnostic product ions by HE‐CID utilizing a vMALDI TOF/RTOF‐instrument.CONCLUSIONSThe highest number of structurally diagnostic product ions allowing also determination of the carbohydrate linkage of the gentiobiose‐moiety of isomeric crocins (0,4A2, 3,5A2 product ions indicating a 1→6 carbohydrate linkage) was only achievable by HE‐CID. Fragmentation of the aglycon was not observed by any collision energy regime applied. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ISO‐CADICA: Isotopic – continuous, automated dissolved inorganic carbon analyser
Authors: Bass Adrian M. , Bird Michael I. , Munksgaard Niels C. , Wurster Christopher M. 
Published: February 2012

RATIONALEQuantifying the processes that control dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) dynamics in aquatic systems is essential for progress in ecosystem carbon budgeting. The development of a methodology that allows high‐resolution temporal data collection over prolonged periods is essential and is described in this study.METHODSA novel sampling instrument that sequentially acidifies aliquots of water and utilises gas‐permeable ePTFE tubing to measure the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and δ13CDIC values at sub‐hourly intervals by Cavity Ring‐down spectrometry (CRDS) is described.RESULTSThe minimum sensitivity of the isotopic, continuous, automated dissolved inorganic carbon analyser (ISO‐CADICA) system is 0.01 mM with an accuracy of 0.008 mM. The analytical uncertainty in δ13CDIC values is proportional to the concentration of DIC in the sample. Where the DIC concentration is greater than 0.3 mM the analytical uncertainty is ±0.1 ‰ and below 0.2 mM stability is < ± 0.3 ‰. The isotopic effects of air temperature, water temperature and CO2 concentrations were found to either be negligible or correctable. Field trials measuring diel variation in δ13CDIC values of coral reef associated sea water revealed significant, short‐term temporal changes and illustrated the necessity of this technique.CONCLUSIONSCurrently, collecting and analysing large numbers of samples for δ13CDIC measurements is not trivial, but essential for accurate carbon models, particularly on small scales. The ISO‐CADICA enables on‐site, high‐resolution determination of DIC concentration and δ13CDIC values with no need for sample storage and laboratory analysis. The initial tests indicate that this system can offer accuracy approaching that of traditional IRMS analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the reactive transient α‐λ3‐iodanyl‐acetophenone complex in the iodine(III)/PhI(I) catalytic cycle of iodobenzene‐catalyzed α‐acetoxylation reaction of acetophenone by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Hao‐Yang , Zhou Juan , Guo Yin‐Long 
Published: February 2012

RATIONALEHypervalent iodine compounds are important and widely used oxidants in organic chemistry. In 2005, Ochiai reported the PhI‐catalyzed α‐acetoxylation reaction of acetophenone by the oxidation of PhI with m‐chloroperbenzoic acid (m‐CPBA) in acetic acid. However, until now, the most critical reactive α‐λ3‐iodine alkyl acetophenone intermediate (3) had not been isolated or directly detected.METHODSElectrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) was used to intercept and characterize the transient reactive α‐λ3‐iodine alkyl acetophenone intermediate in the reaction solution.RESULTSThe trivalent iodine species was detected when PhI and m‐CPBA in acetic acid were mixed, which indicated the facile oxidation of a catalytic amount of PhI(I) to the iodine(III) species by m‐CPBA. Most importantly, 3·H+ was observed at m/z 383 from the reaction solution and this ion gave the protonated α‐acetoxylation product 4·H+ at m/z 179 in MS/MS by an intramolecular reductive elimination of PhI.CONCLUSIONSThese ESI‐MS/MS studies showed the existence of the reactive α‐λ3‐iodine alkyl acetophenone intermediate 3 in the catalytic cycle. Moreover, the gas‐phase reactivity of 3·H+ was consistent with the proposed solution‐phase reactivity of the α‐λ3‐iodine alkyl acetophenone intermediate 3, thus confirming the reaction mechanism proposed by Ochiai. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(S)‐(−)‐N‐(Pentafluorobenzylcarbamoyl)prolyl chloride: a chiral derivatisation reagent designed for gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry of amino compounds
Authors: Leis Hans J. , Windischhofer Werner 
Published: February 2012

RATIONALEThe synthesis of a novel chiral derivatisation reagent, (S)‐(−)‐N‐(pentafluorobenzylcarbamoyl)prolyl chloride is described which is preferably useful for negative‐ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry.METHODSPreparation of the reagent followed a general strategy used to prepare enantioselective reagents based on the N‐substitution of L‐proline. Pentafluorobenzyl chloroformate smoothly reacted with L‐proline to give the desired derivatisation reagent after conversion into the acyl chloride. The product was sufficiently pure to be used in the following steps without any additional purification.RESULTSThe reagent was tested against selected chiral and non‐chiral analytical targets. Chromatographic enantioseparation was at least equal to the commonly used (S)‐(−)‐N‐(heptafluorobutyryl)prolyl derivatives. The derivatives exhibit excellent mass spectral properties under negative ion chemical ionisation, i.e. reduced fragmentation and thus high ion current for the targeted m/z during analysis. With electron ionisation, the fragmentation that occurs is mainly directed by the introduced group. Enantioseparation with gas chromatography/negative‐ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry of the derivatives was demonstrated for the enantiomers of amphetamine, α‐aminocaprylic acid methyl ester and threo‐methylphenidate.CONCLUSIONSThe new derivatisation reagent shows highly improved mass spectral properties for negative‐ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry and is thus suitable for sensitive chiral detection of amino compounds. The reagent extends the applicability of dissociative resonance electron capture using pentafluorobenzyl derivatives to chiral analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An exclusion list based label‐free proteome quantification approach using an LTQ Orbitrap
Authors: Muntel Jan , Hecker Michael , Becher Dörte 
Published: February 2012

RATIONALELabel‐based mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for large‐scale protein identification and quantification. However, it requires the chemical or metabolic incorporation of the labeled compound(s) which can be difficult to attain, e.g. for non‐cultivable organisms or scarce sample, such as biopsies. Therefore, we set out to develop and validate an efficient label‐free liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) workflow based on optimized instrument settings and incremental exclusion lists.METHODSTo increase the number of quantified peptides an incremental exclusion list was incorporated along with optimized instrument settings for the used LTQ Orbitrap. As a proof of concept, label‐free quantification data from this optimized approach were compared to the results of control measurements without exclusion lists and of an in vivo metabolic labeling GeLC/MS/MS experiment. The data were drawn from Staphylococcus aureus whole cell lysates of non‐stressed and nitric oxide (NO)‐stressed cells.RESULTSCompared to MS analysis without exclusion lists the new approach resulted in an increased number of identified peptides, enabling label‐free quantification of more than 990 S. aureus proteins. With respect to the number of quantified proteins and differences in protein levels between the control and NO‐treated samples the results of the new method were consistent with those of the GeLC/MS/MS experiment.CONCLUSIONSThe application of exclusion lists and optimized instrument settings in LC/MS/MS analysis significantly enhances the sensitivity and resolution of label‐free protein identification and quantification. Therefore, the new workflow is a powerful alternative to label‐based quantification methods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing inactivation protocols of Yersinia organisms for identification with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Couderc Carine , Nappez Claude , Drancourt Michel 
Published: February 2012

RATIONALEIt is recommended that harmful Biosafety Level 3 (BSL‐3) bacteria be inactivated prior to identification by mass spectrometry, yet optimal effects of inactivation protocol have not been defined.METHODSHere, we compare trifluoroacetic acid inactivation (protocol A) with ethanol inactivation (protocol B) of Yersinia organisms prior to identification by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS).RESULTSThe total number of peaks detected was 10.5 ± 1.7 for protocol A and 15.7 ± 4.2 for protocol B (ρ <0.001, ANOVA test). The signal‐to‐noise ratio for the m/z 6049 peak present in all of the tested Yersinia isolates was 9.7 ± 3.1 for protocol A and 18.1 ± 4.6 for protocol B (ρ < 0.001). Compared with spectra in our local database containing 48 Yersinia spp., including 20 strains of Y. pestis, the identification score was 1.79 ± 0.2 for protocol A and 1.97 ± 0.19 for protocol B (ρ = 0.0024).CONCLUSIONSOur observations indicate that for the identification of Yersinia organisms, ethanol inactivation yielded MALDI‐TOF‐MS spectra of significantly higher quality than spectra derived from trifluoroacetic acid inactivation. Combined with previously published data, our results permit the updating of protocols for inactivating BSL‐3 bacteria. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A node discovery protocol for ad hoc underwater acoustic networks
Authors: Patil Ashish , Stojanovic Milica 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTMotivated by the advances in acoustic modem technology and the growing number of applications that call for ad hoc deployable autonomous underwater systems (floating sensors, crawlers, vehicles), we address the problem of network initialization upon deployment. A neighbor discovery protocol is proposed, whose goal is to establish communication links over a large area, with a finite power budget that mandates multi‐hopping to provide full coverage. The protocol uses random access to eliminate the need for scheduling (i.e., enable system operation without a global clock reference) and power control to ensure that full connectivity is provided using shortest links (i.e., to conserve batteries and prolong the system's lifetime). Transmit power allocation takes into account the acoustic propagation loss, while additional large‐scale variation in the average received power is modeled via log‐normal fading which is confirmed by experimental observations. System performance is assessed through simulation, by measuring the energy consumption, time to completion, and reliability in the presence of fading. Fading is shown to have a degrading effect on the system reliability, and protocol adjustments are proposed to recover the performance under the constraint on maximum power. The key features of the protocol are simplicity of implementation and efficient use of power.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of CusSR bacterial two-component systems by the introduction of an inducible positive feedback loop
Authors: Ravikumar Sambandam , Pham Van Dung , Lee Seung Hwan , Yoo Ik-keun , Hong Soon Ho 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The CusSR two-component system (TCS) is a copper-sensing apparatus of E. coli that is responsible for regulating the copper-related homeostatic system. The dynamic characteristics of the CusSR network were modified by the introduction of a positive feedback loop. To construct the feedback loop, the CusR, which is activated by the cusC promoter, was cloned downstream of the cusC promoter and reporter protein. The feedback loop system, once activated by environmental copper, triggers the activation of the cusC promoter, which results in the amplification of a reporter protein and CusR expression. The threshold copper concentration for the activation of the modified CusSR TCS network was lowered from 2,476.5 μg/l to 247.7 μg/l, which indicates a tenfold increase in sensitivity. The intensity of the output signal was increased twofold, and was maintained for 16 h. The strategy proposed in this study can also be applied to modify the dynamic characteristics of other TCSs.
Fatal Heyting Algebras and Forcing Persistent Sentences
Authors: Esakia Leo , Löwe Benedikt 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHamkins and Löwe proved that the modal logic of forcing isS4.2. In this paper, we consider its modal companion, the intermediate logicKCand relate it to the fatal Heyting algebraHof forcing persistent sentences. This Heyting algebra is equationally generic for the class of fatal Heyting algebras. Motivated by these results, we further analyse the class of fatal Heyting algebras.
A nonlinear model for inextensible rods as a low energy Γ-limit of three-dimensional nonlinear elasticity
Authors: Mora Maria Giovanna , Müller Stefan 
Published: February 2012

Using a variational approach we rigorously deduce a nonlinear model for inextensible rods from three-dimensional nonlinear elasticity, passing to the limit as the diameter of the rod goes to zero. The theory obtained is analogous to the Föppl–von Kármán theory for plates. We also derive an asymptotic expansion of the solution and compare it to a similar expansion which Murat and Sili obtained starting from three-dimensional linear elasticity.

Résumé
Par une méthode variationnelle on dérive rigoureusement un modèle non linéaire de poutre inextensionelle. Le modèle est déduit de l’élasticité non linéaire tridimensionnelle, après une mise à l’échelle adéquate, en passant à la limite lorsque le diamètre de la poutre tend vers zéro. On obtient ainsi une théorie analogue à celle de Föppl–von Kármán pour les plaques. On dérive aussi une expansion asymptotique des solutions et on la compare avec une expansion similaire que Murat et Sili ont obtenue à partir de la théorie linéaire de l’élasticité.