bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential response of bacteria and fungi to drought on the decomposition of Sarcocornia fruticosa woody stems in a saline stream
Authors: Doménech‐Pascual Anna , Carrasco‐Barea Lorena , Gich Frederic , Boadella Judit , Freixinos Campillo Zeus , Gómez Cerezo Rosa , Butturini Andrea , Romaní Anna M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInland saline ecosystems suffer multiple stresses (e.g., high radiation, salinity, water scarcity) that may compromise essential ecosystem functions such as organic matter decomposition. Here, we investigated the effects of drought on microbial colonization and decomposition of Sarcocornia fruticosa woody stems across different habitats in a saline watershed: on the dry floodplain, submerged in the stream channel and at the shoreline (first submerged, then emerged). Unexpectedly, weight loss was not enhanced in the submerged stems, while decomposition process differed between habitats. On the floodplain, it was dominated by fungi and high cellulolytic activity; in submerged conditions, a diverse community of bacteria and high ligninolytic activity dominated; and, on the shoreline, enzyme activities were like submerged conditions, but with a fungal community similar to the dry conditions. Results indicate distinct degradation paths being driven by different stress factors: strong water scarcity and photodegradation in dry conditions, and high salinity and reduced oxygen in wet conditions. This suggests that fungi are more resistant to drought, and bacteria to salinity. Overall, in saline watersheds, variations in multiple stress factors exert distinct environmental filters on bacteria and fungi and their role in the decomposition of plant material, affecting carbon cycling and microbial interactions.
Furthering racial liberalism in UK higher education: The populist construction of the ‘free speech crisis’
Authors: Dragoș Simina , Hughson Taylor A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article we analyse the constructed ‘free speech crisis’ associated with higher education (HE) in the United Kingdom (UK). We examine the media discourses from 2012 to 2022 which led to the establishment of a sense of crisis around speech in universities and, ultimately, to the Freedom of Speech Act in May 2023. We undertake a critical discourse analysis focused on the constructions of universities and university students in two major right‐wing broadsheet newspapers, The Times and The Telegraph, and in the right‐wing magazine The Spectator. We conceptualise the ‘free speech crisis’ as a discursive formation which is part of broader political efforts of conservative elites to maintain hegemony in Britain. Drawing on populism theory and race critical analyses, we argue that the ‘free speech crisis’ is an expression of racial liberalism and a placeholder for a deeper white anxiety over the social reproduction of elites in university spaces, and thus over (cultural) hegemony in the public sphere. We understand the desire to regulate ‘free’ speech in HE as an effort to prevent the emergence of an elite and (counter)hegemony different to the status quo. We make contributions to two emergent and interrelating bodies of literature: firstly, the study of populism in (post)Brexit Britain, and secondly, the study of culture wars, including iterations of the ‘free speech crisis’ and ‘the war on woke’.
Biocatalyst immobilization on magnetic nano‐architectures for potential applications in condensation reactions
Authors: Papatola F. , Slimani S. , Peddis D. , Pellis A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this review article, a perspective on the immobilization of various hydrolytic enzymes onto magnetic nanoparticles for synthetic organic chemistry applications is presented. After a first part giving short overview on nanomagnetism and highlighting advantages and disadvantages of immobilizing enzymes on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), the most important hydrolytic enzymes and their applications were summarized. A section reviewing the immobilization techniques with a particular focus on supporting enzymes on MNPs introduces the reader to the final chapter describing synthetic organic chemistry applications of small molecules (flavour esters) and polymers (polyesters and polyamides). Finally, the conclusion and perspective section gives the author's personal view on further research discussing the new idea of a synergistic rational design of the magnetic and biocatalytic component to produce novel magnetic nano‐architectures.
Grape seed extract prevents oestrogen deficiency‐induced bone loss by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites
Authors: Lu Lingyun , Li Jiao , Liu Lu , Wang Cui , Xie Ying , Yu Xijie , Tian Li 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProanthocyanidin‐rich grape seed extract (GSE) has been shown to have the potential to protect bones, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The current study aims to explore GSE's preventive and therapeutic impact on bone loss induced by oestrogen deficiency and the underlying mechanism through the gut microbiota (GM) and metabolomic responses. In oestrogen‐deficient ovariectomized (OVX) mice, GSE ameliorated bone loss by inhibiting the expansion of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), restoring BMAT lipolysis and promoting bone formation. GSE regulated OVX‐induced GM dysbiosis by reducing the abundance of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as Alistipes, Turicibacter and Romboutsia, while elevating the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium. The modified GM primarily impacted lipid and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, the serum metabolites of GSE exhibited a significant enrichment in lipid metabolism. In summary, GSE shows potential as a functional food for preventing oestrogen deficiency‐induced bone loss by modulating GM and metabolite‐mediated lipid metabolism.
Developmental ethanol exposure produces deficits in long‐term potentiation in vivo that persist following postnatal choline supplementation
Authors: Titterness A. K. , Gräfe E. L. , Acosta C. , Rodriguez C. , Thomas J. D. , Christie B. R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundFetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is one of the leading causes of neurodevelopmental disorder for which there is a pressing need for an effective treatment. Recent studies have investigated the essential nutrient choline as a postnatal treatment option. Supplementation with choline has produced improvements in behavioral tasks related to learning and memory and reverted changes in methylation signature following third‐trimester equivalent ethanol exposure. We examined whether there are related improvements in hippocampal synaptic plasticity in vivo.MethodsSprague–Dawley offspring were administered binge‐levels of ethanol from postnatal day (PND) 4 to 9, then treated with choline chloride (100 mg/kg/day) from PND 10 to 30. In vivo electrophysiology was performed on male and female offspring from PND 55 to 70. Long‐term potentiation (LTP) was induced in the medial perforant pathway of the dentate gyrus using a theta‐burst stimulation (TBS) protocol, and field‐evoked postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were evoked for 60 min following the conditioning stimulus.ResultsDevelopmental ethanol exposure caused long‐lasting deficits in LTP of the slope of the evoked responses and in the amplitude of the population spike potentiation. Neither deficit was rescued by postnatal choline supplementation.ConclusionsIn contrast to our prior findings that choline can improve hippocampal plasticity (Nutrients, 2022, 14, 2004), here we found that deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity due to developmental ethanol exposure persisted into adulthood despite adolescent choline supplementation. Future research should examine more subtle changes in synaptic plasticity to identify synaptic changes that mirror behavioral improvements.
Emergency laparotomy in older adults with geriatric medicine input: implications of demographics, frailty and comorbidities on outcomes
Authors: Teh Ryan , Teo Serene , Trivedi Anand , Kumarasinghe Anuttara Panchali 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe (1) describe West Australian (WA) older adults undergoing emergency laparotomy (EL) in a tertiary‐centre Acute Surgical Unit (ASU) with proactive geriatrician input and (2) explore the impact of Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and Charlson's Comorbidity Index (CCI) on patient outcomes.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort‐study of older adults undergoing EL, between April 2021 and April 2022, in a tertiary ASU, with dedicated geriatrician‐led perioperative care via the Older Adult Surgical Inpatient Service (OASIS).ResultsOf 114 patients, average age was 76.7 ± 7.61 years‐old (range 65–96), with 35.1% (n = 40) frail (CFS 5–7), 18.4% (n = 21) vulnerable (CFS 4) and 46.5% (n = 74) not frail (CFS 1–3). 61.4% (n = 70) were severely comorbid (CCI ≥5), 34.2% (n = 39) moderately comorbid (CCI 3–4), and 4.4% (n = 5) mildly comorbid (CCI 1–2).95.9% (n = 109) EL patients were reviewed by OASIS.Inpatient mortality was 7.9% (n = 9) and 1‐year mortality 16.7% (n = 19). Majority, 64.9% (n = 74), were discharged directly home with 17.5% (n = 20) discharged with in‐home rehabilitation. Each increment in CCI was associated with increased in‐hospital (HR 1.38, p = 0.034) and 1‐year (HR 1.39, p = 0.006) mortality, and each increment in CFS with 1‐year mortality (HR 1.62, p = 0.016). Higher CFS but not CCI was associated with increased level of care at discharge. Age was not statistically significant with any outcomes.ConclusionWe describe demographics, frailty and comorbidity of 114 older adults undergoing EL in ASU. We suggest CFS and CCI as independent risk‐stratification tools, and proactive management of both comorbidity, and frailty, should be incorporated into preoperative optimisation.
The newborn behavioural observations system: A relationship‐building intervention to support families in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Johnson Lise C. , McManus Beth , Blanchard Yvette , Nugent J. Kevin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimRelationship‐based interventions for neonatal intensive care unit families have potential to improve parent and infant outcomes; yet, their implementation has been modest within systems of care for high‐risk newborns. The purpose of this paper is to describe a relationship‐building intervention, the newborn behavioural observation system, summarise the evidence supporting its use, and address its clinical application for high‐risk parent–infant dyads in the neonatal intensive care unit.MethodsWe summarise the extant literature describing the use of the newborn behavioural observation system in high‐risk populations.ResultsWhile the body of literature supporting the use of the newborn behavioural observation system is modest, several randomised controlled studies have highlighted statistically significant and clinically meaningful gains in infant development and parental mental health. In these studies, the intervention was often integrated into existing systems of care and included high‐risk parent–infant dyads.ConclusionThe newborn behavioural observation system is a promising intervention designed to support the early challenges of high‐risk infants and their parents. Future research should examine its effects in diverse neonatal intensive care unit populations and professionals, strive for continuity of care from inpatient to post‐discharge follow‐up and developmental support services, and include more longitudinal studies.
Using machine learning to unveil relevant predictors of adherence to recommended health‐protective behaviors during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Denmark
Authors: Lilleholt Lau , Chapman Gretchen B. , Böhm Robert , Zettler Ingo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhat were relevant predictors of individuals' proclivity to adhere to recommended health‐protective behaviors during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Denmark? Applying machine learning (namely, lasso regression) to a repeated cross‐sectional survey spanning 10 months comprising 25 variables (Study 1; N = 15,062), we found empathy toward those most vulnerable to COVID‐19, knowledge about how to protect oneself from getting infected, and perceived moral costs of nonadherence to be strong predictors of individuals' self‐reported adherence to recommended health‐protective behaviors. We further explored the relations between these three factors and individuals' self‐reported proclivity for adherence to recommended health‐protective behaviors as they unfold between and within individuals over time in a second study, a Danish panel study comprising eight measurement occasions spanning eight months (N = 441). Results of this study suggest that the relations largely occurred at the trait‐like interindividual level, as opposed to at the state‐like intraindividual level. Together, the findings provide insights into what were relevant predictors for individuals' overall level of adherence to recommended health‐protective behaviors (in Denmark) as well as how these predictors might (not) be leveraged to promote public adherence in future epidemics or pandemics.
Community engagement, service learning, and underrepresented college student success: An examination of multiple cohorts
Authors: Do Tai , Hufnagle Ashley S. , Maruyama Geoffrey , Lopez‐Hurtado Isabel , Song Wei , Furco Andrew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrevious literature has demonstrated the positive benefits of Service Learning (SL) participation on college student outcomes. This study explored whether SL participation during the first year of college appeared to be a potentially useful community engagement and pedagogical lever for enhancing college students’ academic achievement, retention, and graduation outcomes. Particular attention focused on college students from groups under‐represented in higher education. We used propensity score matching to create comparable treatment (SL participation) and control (non‐SL participation) groups. We then examined the role of SL participation in the first‐year on college student outcome using four matched samples of college students who were first‐years in 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014. Overall, we found that participation in SL during the first college year benefits college students' long‐term academic outcomes (cumulative GPA, cumulative credits earned, year‐to‐year retention, and graduation within 4–6 years), particularly for college students from under‐represented backgrounds.
Response adaptive salvage treatment with daratumumab–lenalidomide–dexamethasone for newly diagnosed transplant‐eligible multiple myeloma patients failing front‐line bortezomib‐based induction therapy—ALLG MM21
Authors: Lim S. , Reynolds J. , Quach H. , Hutchinson A. , Kerridge I. , Janowski W. , Bergin K. , Spencer A. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIn Australia, bortezomib‐based induction (V‐IND) is used in >90% of newly diagnosed transplant‐eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Four cycles of V‐IND with bortezomib–cyclophosphamide–dexamethasone or bortezomib–lenalidomide–dexamethasone are available via the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme prior to autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Patients who demonstrate suboptimal response or who are refractory to V‐IND demonstrate inferior survival, representing a subgroup of MM where an unmet need persists. We evaluated an early, response‐adapted approach in these patients by switching to an intensive sequential therapeutic strategy incorporating daratumumab–lenalidomide–dexamethasone‐based (DRd) salvage, high‐dose melphalan ASCT followed by DRd consolidation and R maintenance. The overall response rate following four cycles of DRd salvage was 72% (95% credible interval: 57.9–82.4); prespecified, dual, Bayesian proof‐of‐concept criteria were met. Euro‐flow minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity was 46% in the intention‐to‐treat population and 79% in the evaluable population following 12 cycles of DRd consolidation. At the 24‐month follow‐up, median progression‐free survival and overall survival were not reached. DRd salvage was well tolerated with grade 3 and 4 events reported in 24% and 8% respectively. Response‐adapted DRd combined with ASCT achieves high rates of MRD negativity and durable disease control in this functional high‐risk group.
Plakins are involved in the regulation of centrosome position in polarized epithelial cells
Authors: Geay Juliana , Margaron Yoran , Gentien David , Reyal Fabien , Puisieux Alain , Blanchoin Laurent , Guyon Laurent , Théry Manuel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground InformationThe control of epithelial cell polarity is key to their function. Its dysregulation is a major cause of tissue transformation. In polarized epithelial cells,the centrosome is off‐centred toward the apical pole. This asymmetry determines the main orientation of the microtubule network and intra‐cellular traffic. However, the mechanism regulating centrosome positioning at the apical pole of polarized epithelial cells is still poorly undertood.ResultsIn this study we used transcriptomic data from breast cancer cells to identify molecular changes associated with the different stages of tumour transformation. We correlated these changes with variations in centrosome position or with cell progression along the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that involves centrosome repositioning. We found that low levels of epiplakin, desmoplakin and periplakin correlated with centrosome mispositioning in cells that had progressed through EMT or tissue transformation. We further tested the causal role of these plakins in the regulation of centrosome position by knocking down their expression in a non‐tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line (MCF10A). The downregulation of periplakin reduced the length of intercellular junction, which was not affected by the downregulation of epiplakin or desmoplakin. However, down‐regulating any of them disrupted centrosome polarisation towards the junction without affecting microtubule stability.ConclusionsAltogether, these results demonstrated that epiplakin, desmoplakin and periplakin are involved in the maintenance of the peripheral position of the centrosome close to inter‐cellular junctions. They also revealed that these plakins are downregulated during EMT and breast cancer progression, which are both associated with centrosome mispositioning.SignificanceThese results revealed that the down‐regulation of plakins and the consequential centrosome mispositioning are key signatures of disorganised cytoskeleton networks, inter‐cellular junction weakening, shape deregulation and the loss of polarity in breast cancer cells. These metrics could further be used as a new readouts for early phases of tumoral development.
Invasive squamous cell carcinoma within a plaque of circumscribed palmar hypokeratosis
Authors: Araya Luis , Horcajada Celia , Moreno Amalia , Borbujo Jesús M. , Tardío Juan C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCircumscribed palmar hypokeratosis (CPH) is a localized disorder of epidermal keratinization that is presented as a well‐delimited, depressed, erythematous plaque on the palms or on the soles. It is histopathologically characterized by an abrupt thinning of the corneal epidermal layer. CPH is considered a benign condition, but a few cases with dysplastic changes/carcinoma in situ in the hypokeratotic epidermis have been described. We report hereby a case of invasive squamous cell carcinoma developed within a plaque of CPH. The pathogenesis of the malignant changes in this disorder remains to be clarified. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for developing malignancy in CPH and carry out a closer follow‐up of this disorder.
Phenotypes of Polish primary care patients using hierarchical clustering: Exploring the risk of mortality in the LIPIDOGEN2015 study cohort
Authors: Chen Yang , Gue Ying , Banach Maciej , Mikhailidis Dimitri , Toth Peter P. , Gierlotka Marek , Osadnik Tadeusz , Golawski Marcin , Tomasik Tomasz , Windak Adam , Jozwiak Jacek , Lip Gregory Y. H. ,   the LIPIDOGRAM Investigators
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundComorbidities in primary care do not occur in isolation but tend to cluster together causing various clinically complex phenotypes. This study aimed to distinguish phenotype clusters and identify the risks of all‐cause mortality in primary care.MethodsThe baseline cohort of the LIPIDOGEN2015 sub‐study involved 1779 patients recruited by 438 primary care physicians. To identify different phenotype clusters, we used hierarchical clustering and investigated differences between clinical characteristics and mortality between clusters. We then performed causal analyses using causal mediation analysis to explore potential mediators between different clusters and all‐cause mortality.ResultsA total of 1756 patients were included (mean age 51.2, SD 13.0; 60.3% female), with a median follow‐up of 5.7 years. Three clusters were identified: Cluster 1 (n = 543) was characterised by overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2), older (age ≥ 65 years), more comorbidities; Cluster 2 (n = 459) was characterised by non‐overweight/obesity, younger, fewer comorbidities; Cluster 3 (n = 754) was characterised by overweight/obesity, younger, fewer comorbidities. Adjusted Cox regression showed that compared with Cluster 2, Cluster 1 had a significantly higher risk of all‐cause mortality (HR 3.87, 95% CI: 1.24–15.91), whereas this was insignificantly different for Cluster 3. Causal mediation analyses showed that decreased protein thiol groups mediated the hazard effect of all‐cause mortality in Cluster 1 compared with Cluster 2, but not between Clusters 1 and 3.ConclusionOverweight/obesity older patients with more comorbidities had the highest risk of long‐term all‐cause mortality, and in the young group population overweight/obesity insignificantly increased the risk in the long‐term follow‐up, providing a basis for stratified phenotypic risk management.
Foodwork in the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic: The emotional experience among upper‐ and middle‐class women in Brazil
Authors: Kestering Virginia Therezinha , Quagliato Henrique , Tamanini Marlene 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that middle‐ and upper‐class, primarily white, women can relieve their workload and resolve family conflicts by relying on the labor of poor and/or racialized women or accessing services that facilitate their foodwork. However, the spreading of COVID‐19 and the necessity of social distancing have temporarily made the access of these facilitators difficult or impossible. Since women have been disproportionately affected by the pandemic consequences on the sexual division of labor, this paper examines how the pandemic affects women's emotional experience with domestic foodwork in Brazil. Drawing from the 588 upper‐ and middle‐class women's responses to an online survey, we have identified six emotional experiences influenced by the pandemic: (1) obligation, (2) overload, (3) fear, (4) safety, (5) relaxation, and (6) family time appreciation. However, the changes caused by the sanitary crises do not explain alone the new emotions experienced with domestic foodwork. Class and gender can interfere or potentialize how women feel about it during the pandemic. Obligation, overload, and fear were enhanced when the participants could not access services that were used to relieve their foodwork burden, especially when faced with an unequal sexual division of labor. In turn, safety, relaxation, and family time appreciation were facilitated by a better dynamic of domestic tasks sharing alongside the certainty to access good quality food. By analyzing these factors, this paper enhances the theoretical understanding of contextual and situational domestic foodwork emotional experience because it observes the outcomes of critical reduction of networks that used to sustain this practice involvement.