bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired autonomic function and somatosensory disturbance in patients with treated autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Bazika-Gerasch Bojana , Kumowski Nina , Enax-Krumova Elena , Kaisler Miriam , Eitner Lynn Bernadette , Maier Christoph , Dietrich Johannes W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite treatment with levothyroxine, hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) may be associated with reduced quality of life (QoL), an enigmatic condition referred to as "syndrome T". Peripheral neuropathy, described in untreated thyroid disease, could be a contributing mechanism. We analysed autonomic and somatosensory function in 29 patients with AIT and treated hypothyroidism and 27 healthy volunteers. They underwent heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and quantitative sensory testing (n = 28), comprising 13 parameters of small and large nerve fibre function and pain thresholds. Autonomic cardiovascular function was assessed in rest, deep respiration and orthostasis. Additionally, biomarkers for autoimmunity and thyroid function were measured. Anxiety, depression and QoL were assessed using validated questionnaires. 36% of the patients showed at least one sign of somatosensory small or large fibre dysfunction. 57% presented with mild hyperalgesia to at least one stimulus. Several markers of autonomic function and some detection thresholds were related to the antibody titres. Anxiety, depression scores and QoL correlated to antibody titres and HRV measures. Autonomic and somatosensory dysfunction indicate that in treated hypothyroidism and AIT a subgroup of patients suffers from neuropathic symptoms leading to impaired QoL. Additionally, mild hyperalgesia as a possible sensitisation phenomenon should be considered a target for symptomatic treatment.
Idiosyncratic invasion trajectories of human bacterial pathogens facing temperature disturbances in soil microbial communities
Authors: Eliette Ascensio-Schultz , Elodie Barbier , Arnaud Mounier , Tiffany Raynaud , Aymé Spor , Pascal Piveteau 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCurrent knowledge about effects of disturbance on the fate of invaders in complex microbial ecosystems is still in its infancy. In order to investigate this issue, we compared the fate of Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) and Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in soil microcosms. We then used environmental disturbances (freeze–thaw or heat cycles) to compare the fate of both invaders and manipulate soil microbial diversity. Population dynamics of the two pathogens was assessed over 50 days of invasion while microbial diversity was measured at times 0, 20 and 40 days. The outcome of invasion was strain-dependent and the response of the two invaders to disturbance differed. Resistance to Kp invasion was higher under the conditions where resident microbial diversity was the highest while a significant drop of diversity was linked to a higher persistence. In contrast, Lm faced stronger resistance to invasion in heat-treated microcosms where diversity was the lowest. Our results show that diversity is not a universal proxy of resistance to microbial invasion, indicating the need to properly assess other intrinsic properties of the invader, such as its metabolic repertoire, or the array of interactions between the invader and resident communities.
Chromatin modifier Hmga2 promotes adult hematopoietic stem cell function and blood regeneration in stress conditions
Authors: Kubota Sho , Sun Yuqi , Morii Mariko , Bai Jie , Ideue Takako , Hirayama Mayumi , Sorin Supannika , Eerdunduleng  , Yokomizo-Nakano Takako , Osato Motomi , Hamashima Ai , Iimori Mihoko , Araki Kimi , Umemoto Terumasa , Sashida Goro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms governing the response of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to stress insults remain poorly defined. Here, we investigated effects of conditional knock-out or overexpression of Hmga2 (High mobility group AT-hook 2), a transcriptional activator of stem cell genes in fetal HSCs. While Hmga2 overexpression did not affect adult hematopoiesis under homeostasis, it accelerated HSC expansion in response to injection with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or in vitro treatment with TNF-α. In contrast, HSC and megakaryocyte progenitor cell numbers were decreased in Hmga2 KO animals. Transcription of inflammatory genes was repressed in Hmga2-overexpressing mice injected with 5-FU, and Hmga2 bound to distinct regions and chromatin accessibility was decreased in HSCs upon stress. Mechanistically, we found that casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylates the Hmga2 acidic domain, promoting its access and binding to chromatin, transcription of anti-inflammatory target genes, and the expansion of HSCs under stress conditions. Notably, the identified stress-regulated Hmga2 gene signature is activated in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells of human myelodysplastic syndrome patients. In sum, these results reveal a TNF-α/CK2/phospho-Hmga2 axis controlling adult stress hematopoiesis.
Higher-order structure and proteoforms of co-occurring C4b-binding protein assemblies in human serum
Authors: Kadavá Tereza , Hevler Johannes F , Kalaidopoulou Nteak Sofia , Yin Victor C , Strasser Juergen , Preiner Johannes , Heck Albert JR 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe complement is a conserved cascade that plays a central role in the innate immune system. To maintain a delicate equilibrium preventing excessive complement activation, complement inhibitors are essential. One of the major fluid-phase complement inhibitors is C4b-binding protein (C4BP). Human C4BP is a macromolecular glycoprotein composed of two distinct subunits, C4BPα and C4BPβ. These associate with vitamin K-dependent protein S (ProS) forming an ensemble of co-occurring higher-order structures. Here, we characterize these C4BP assemblies. We resolve and quantify isoforms of purified human serum C4BP using distinct single-particle detection techniques: charge detection mass spectrometry, and mass photometry accompanied by high-speed atomic force microscopy. Combining cross-linking mass spectrometry, glycoproteomics, and structural modeling, we report comprehensive glycoproteoform profiles and full-length structural models of the endogenous C4BP assemblies, expanding knowledge of this key complement inhibitor’s structure and composition. Finally, we reveal that an increased C4BPα to C4BPβ ratio coincides with elevated C-reactive protein levels in patient plasma samples. This observation highlights C4BP isoform variation and affirms a distinct role of co-occurring C4BP assemblies upon acute phase inflammation.
Building and analyzing metacells in single-cell genomics data
Authors: Bilous Mariia , Hérault Léonard , Gabriel Aurélie AG , Teleman Matei , Gfeller David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe advent of high-throughput single-cell genomics technologies has fundamentally transformed biological sciences. Currently, millions of cells from complex biological tissues can be phenotypically profiled across multiple modalities. The scaling of computational methods to analyze and visualize such data is a constant challenge, and tools need to be regularly updated, if not redesigned, to cope with ever-growing numbers of cells. Over the last few years, metacells have been introduced to reduce the size and complexity of single-cell genomics data while preserving biologically relevant information and improving interpretability. Here, we review recent studies that capitalize on the concept of metacells—and the many variants in nomenclature that have been used. We further outline how and when metacells should (or should not) be used to analyze single-cell genomics data and what should be considered when analyzing such data at the metacell level. To facilitate the exploration of metacells, we provide a comprehensive tutorial on the construction and analysis of metacells from single-cell RNA-seq data (https://github.com/GfellerLab/MetacellAnalysisTutorial) as well as a fully integrated pipeline to rapidly build, visualize and evaluate metacells with different methods (https://github.com/GfellerLab/MetacellAnalysisToolkit).
Reactive direct air capture of CO2 to C–C coupled products using multifunctional materials
Authors: Satter Shazia Sharmin , Saavedra Lopez Johnny , Hubbard Michael L. , Jiang Yuan , Dagle Robert A. , Kothandaraman Jotheeswari 
Published: May 2024

A single sorbent-catalytic (non-noble metal) material has been developed for the integrated direct air capture and catalytic conversion of captured CO2 into C-C coupled products.
A mild protocol for the development of an innovative green heterogeneous catalyst for the Hilbert-Johnson reaction
Authors: Elmoussaoui Soukaina , Lachhab Saida , El Mansouri Az-eddine , Fkhar Lahcen , Mehdi Ahmad , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Ait-Ali Mustapha , Lazrek Hassan B. 
Published: May 2024

Ammonium iodide-coated g-C3N4 (NH4I@g-C3N4) is investigated as a new and sustainable heterogeneous catalyst for the selective N1-alkylation of pyrimidines.
Semisynthesis and antitumor activity of endertiin B and related triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Liu Yu , Wen Hong-Kai , Xu Rui-Xuan , Liu Chang , Li Xiao-Han , Qin Xiang-Dong , Zhao You-Xing , Jia Yan-Xing , Luo Dou-Qiang 
Published: May 2024

Four natural products of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids were semi-synthesized for the first time and the active compound endertiin B was demonstrated to play an anti-breast cancer role through the PI3K-AKT pathway.
Recent advances in SnS2-based nanomaterials as high-performance anodes for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Xiao Mingjun , Qi Dongming , Sun Huizhen , Meng Yanshuang , Zhu Fuliang 
Published: May 2024

Tin disulfide (SnS2) is a promising anode material owing to its high theoretical capacity and large interlayer spacing. In this paper, the basic properties and storage mechanism are reviewed, with emphasis on the structure design of SnS2.
Roles of G proteins and their GTPase-activating proteins in platelets
Authors: O'Donoghue Lorna , Smolenski Albert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlatelets are small anucleate blood cells supporting vascular function. They circulate in a quiescent state monitoring the vasculature for injuries. Platelets adhere to injury sites and can be rapidly activated to secrete granules and to form platelet/platelet aggregates. These responses are controlled by signalling networks that include G proteins and their regulatory guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Recent proteomics studies have revealed the complete spectrum of G proteins, GEFs, and GAPs present in platelets. Some of these proteins are specific for platelets and very few have been characterised in detail. GEFs and GAPs play a major role in setting local levels of active GTP-bound G proteins in response to activating and inhibitory signals encountered by platelets. Thus, GEFs and GAPs are highly regulated themselves and appear to integrate G protein regulation with other cellular processes. This review focuses on GAPs of small G proteins of the Arf, Rab, Ras, and Rho families, as well as of heterotrimeric G proteins found in platelets.
UCHL1-dependent control of hypoxia-inducible factor transcriptional activity during liver fibrosis
Authors: Collins Amy , Scott Rebecca , Wilson Caroline L. , Abbate Giuseppe , Ecclestone Gabrielle B. , Albanese Adam G. , Biddles Demi , White Steven , French Jeremy , Moir John , Alrawashdeh Wasfi , Wilson Colin , Pandanaboyana Sanjay , Hammond John S. , Thakkar Rohan , Oakley Fiona , Mann Jelena , Mann Derek A. , Kenneth Niall S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins that occurs in most types of chronic liver disease. At the cellular level, liver fibrosis is associated with the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) which transdifferentiate into a myofibroblast-like phenotype that is contractile, proliferative and profibrogenic. HSC transdifferentiation induces genome-wide changes in gene expression that enable the cell to adopt its profibrogenic functions. We have previously identified that the deubiquitinase ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) is highly induced following HSC activation; however, the cellular targets of its deubiquitinating activity are poorly defined.
Here, we describe a role for UCHL1 in regulating the levels and activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1), an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor, during HSC activation and liver fibrosis. HIF1 is elevated during HSC activation and promotes the expression of profibrotic mediator HIF target genes. Increased HIF1α expression correlated with induction of UCHL1 mRNA and protein with HSC activation. Genetic deletion or chemical inhibition of UCHL1 impaired HIF activity through reduction of HIF1α levels. Furthermore, our mechanistic studies have shown that UCHL1 elevates HIF activity through specific cleavage of degradative ubiquitin chains, elevates levels of pro-fibrotic gene expression and increases proliferation rates. As we also show that UCHL1 inhibition blunts fibrogenesis in a pre-clinical 3D human liver slice model of fibrosis, these results demonstrate how small molecule inhibitors of DUBs can exert therapeutic effects through modulation of HIF transcription factors in liver disease. Furthermore, inhibition of HIF activity using UCHL1 inhibitors may represent a therapeutic opportunity with other HIF-related pathologies.
Mechanism of protective actions of sparsentan in the kidney: lessons from studies in models of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kohan Donald E. , Bedard Patricia W. , Jenkinson Celia , Hendry Bruce , Komers Radko 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Simultaneous inhibition of angiotensin II AT1 and endothelin ETA receptors has emerged as a promising approach for treatment of chronic progressive kidney disease. This therapeutic approach has been advanced by the introduction of sparsentan, the first dual AT1 and ETA receptor antagonist. Sparsentan is a single molecule with high affinity for both receptors. It is US Food and Drug Administration approved for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and is currently being developed as a treatment for rare kidney diseases, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of sparsentan in these conditions. In parallel with clinical development, studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of action of sparsentan and its position in the context of published evidence characterizing the nephroprotective effects of dual ETA and AT1 receptor inhibition. This review summarizes this evidence, documenting beneficial anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and hemodynamic actions of sparsentan in the kidney and protective actions in glomerular endothelial cells, mesangial cells, the tubulointerstitium, and podocytes, thus providing the rationale for the use of sparsentan as therapy for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and IgAN and suggesting potential benefits in other renal diseases, such as Alport syndrome.
Research on temperature control of proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell based on MO‐TD3
Authors: Ma Libo , Zhao Hongshan , Pan Sichao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo solve the problem of temperature control in proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell (PEMEC), this paper presents a temperature control method based on multi‐experience pool probability playback and Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck noise‐twin delay depth deterministic strategy gradient. Firstly, considering the influence of water supply, anode and cathode pressure, and natural heat dissipation on temperature, a refined thermal model of PEMEC is established and transformed into a Markov model under the framework of deep reinforcement learning (DRL). Then, to solve the training instability and poor control effect of DRL caused by inertia delay of the PEMEC temperature control system, multi‐empirical pool probability playback and Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck random process noise techniques are introduced on the basis of the traditional DRL method. Finally, the simulation and hardware‐in‐the‐loop experience results show that the proposed method outperforms other advanced methods.
Extreme magnetic field modulus variability of the Bp star HD 57372
Authors: Hubrig S. , Chojnowski S. D. , Järvinen S. P. , Ilyin I. , Pan K. 
Published: May 2024

Context. In chemically peculiar Ap/Bp stars with large-scale organised magnetic fields of simple centred dipole configuration, the ratio between the maximum and the minimum of the mean magnetic field modulus is on the order of 1.25. Values of two or more are observed only for very few Ap/Bp stars and are indicative of a very unusual magnetic field geometry.
Aims. Determining the magnetic field structure of Ap/Bp stars is bound to provide a different insight into the physics and the origin of the magnetic fields in early-type stars. In this respect, the Bp star HD 57372 is of particular interest because strongly variable magnetically split lines have been observed in HARPS and APOGEE spectra.
Methods. We obtained and analysed measurements of the mean magnetic field modulus and of the mean longitudinal magnetic field using near-infrared spectra and optical polarimetric spectra distributed over the stellar rotation period.
Results. The mean magnetic field modulus 〈B〉 of HD 57372, as estimated from absorption lines that are split via the Zeeman effect and resolved in both optical and near-infrared spectra, is found to vary by an extraordinary amount: about 10 kG. The exceptional value of three for the ratio between the maximum and the minimum of the field modulus is indicative of a very unusual geometry for HD 57372’s magnetic field. All observable quantities were found to vary in phase with the photometric period of 7.889 days. This includes the longitudinal magnetic field 〈Bz〉, which varies from −6 kG up to 1.7 kG in FORS2 spectra, as well as the metal line strengths, whose equivalent widths change by up to 50% of their mean values over the course of the rotation period. The B8 temperature class of HD 57372 also places it among the hottest stars known to exhibit resolved, magnetically split lines.
A multi-grain multi-layer astrochemical model with variable desorption energy for surface species
Authors: Kalvāns Juris , Kalniņa Aija , Veitners Kristaps 
Published: May 2024

Context. Interstellar surface chemistry is a complex process that occurs in icy layers that have accumulated onto grains of different sizes. The efficiency of the surface processes often depends on the immediate environment of the adsorbed molecules.
Aims. We investigated how gas-grain chemistry changes when the surface molecule binding energy is modified, depending on the properties of the surface.
Methods. In a gas-grain astrochemical model, molecular binding energy gradually changes for three different environments –(1) the bare grain surface, (2) polar water-dominated ices, and (3) weakly polar carbon monoxide-dominated ices. In addition to diffusion, evaporation, and chemical desorption, photodesorption was also made binding energy-dependent, in line with experimental results. These phenomena occur in a collapsing prestellar core model that considers five grain sizes with ices arranged into four layers.
Results. Variable desorption energy moderately affects gas-grain chemistry. Bare-grain effects slow down ice accumulation, while easier diffusion of molecules on weakly polar ices promotes the production of carbon dioxide. Efficient chemical desorption from bare grains significantly delays the appearance of the first ice monolayer.
Conclusions. The combination of multiple aspects of grain surface chemistry creates a gas-ice balance that is different from simpler models. The composition of the interstellar ices is regulated by several binding-energy dependent desorption mechanisms. Their actions overlap in time and space, explaining the similar proportions of major ice components (water and carbon oxides) observed in all directions.
Management von Vorhofflimmern bei Kardiomyopathien – Rhythmuskontrolle und Antikoagulation
Authors: Deneke Thomas , Kretschmer Elisabeth , Werle Philipp , Bößenecker Peter Arno , Karakur Zeynep , Pauschinger Matthias , Kowalewski Christopher , Brinker-Paschke Andrea 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungVorhofflimmern (VHF) und Herzinsuffizienz (HI) mit reduzierter Ejektionsfraktion (HFrEF) sind eng miteinander verbundene Erkrankungen, die durch gemeinsame Risikofaktoren und Komorbiditäten charakterisiert sind. Sie beeinflussen sich gegenseitig und verschlechtern die Prognose. Therapeutische Ansätze umfassen die Reduzierung des Schlaganfallrisikos mittels Antikoagulation, Modifikation vorhandener Risikofaktoren sowie frequenz- und rhythmuskontrollierender Maßnahmen.Bei den meisten HFrEF-Patienten mit VHF ist eine langfristige orale Antikoagulation (OAK) zur Schlaganfallprävention indiziert, wobei der Einsatz von nicht-Vitamin-K-abhängigen oralen Antikoagulanzien (NOAK) sowohl effektiv als auch sicher ist und auch für Patienten mit eingeschränkter LV-Funktion präferiert wird.Für alle Patienten mit HFrEF und VHF ist eine adäquate frequenzkontrollierende medikamentöse Therapie sinnvoll. Zusätzlich wird bei anhaltenden Beschwerden sowie in bestimmten Fällen eine Rhythmuskontrolle empfohlen. Neuere Studien zeigen, dass die VHF-Ablation im Vergleich zu medikamentösen Ansätzen die Letalität und Herzinsuffizienz-assoziierte Klinikaufenthalte reduziert, funktionelle Parameter verbessert sowie die Lebensqualität steigert, insbesondere bei Patienten mit hoher Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit der Ablation. Die Auswahl der optimalen Kandidaten für die Ablation sowie der effektivsten Ablationsstrategie bedarf weiterer Forschung.Bei anderen Kardiomyopathien ohne eingeschränkte LV-Funktion richtet sich die VHF-Behandlungsstrategie nach dem Risikoprofil und der Symptomatik des Patienten. Explizite Daten und Studien fehlen jedoch. Besonders Patienten mit HI mit erhaltener Auswurffraktion (HFpEF) sind häufig stark symptomatisch und profitieren oft von der VHF-Ablation.