bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological responses of soil crust‐forming cyanobacteria to diurnal temperature variation
Authors: Wang Weibo , Wang Yingcai , Shu Xiao , Zhang Quanfa 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe optimum growth of soil crust‐forming cyanobacterial species occurs between 21 and 30 °C. When the temperature decreases below −5 °C, the liquid water in the cyanobacterial cells may freeze. In the natural environment, the temperature gradually decreases from autumn to winter, and the diurnal temperatures fluctuate enormously. It was hypothesized that the physiology of cyanobacterial cells changes in later autumn to acclimatize the cells to the upcoming freezing temperatures. In the present study, an incubation experiment in growth chambers was designed to stimulate the responses of cyanobacterial cells to diurnal temperature variations before freezing in late autumn. The results showed that “light” cyanobacterial soil crusts are more tolerant to diurnal temperature fluctuations than “dark” cyanobacterial soil crusts. After the first diurnal temperature cycle between 24 and −4 °C, the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased and the photosynthetic activity decreased. The superoxide dismutase activity increased, more extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) were secreted and the ratios of the light‐harvesting and light‐screening pigments decreased. With increasing numbers of diurnal temperature cycles, the MDA contents and photosynthetic activity gradually returned to their initial levels. Our results suggest that there are at least three pathways by which crust‐forming cyanobacteria acclimate to the diurnal temperature cycles in the late autumn in the Hopq Desert, Northwest China. These three pathways include increased secretion of EPS, regulation of the ratios of light‐harvesting and light‐screening pigments, and activation of the antioxidant system. The results also indicate that late autumn is a critical period for the protection and restoration of the cyanobacterial soil crusts in the Hopq Desert.
Lipid fraction quality of milk produced by Minhota (Portuguese autochthonous breed) compared to Holstein Friesian cow's
Authors: Ramalho Heryka MM , Campos Sílvia D , Casal Susana , Alves Rui , Oliveira Maria Beatriz PP 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Minhota and Holstein Friesian cows (15 from each breed) were selected from several farms located in the north of Portugal, all under similar feeding regime. Milk samples from individual cows were collected once a month, during one year, to take into account different lactation stages and feeding seasonal changes.RESULTS: Holstein milk was found to have higher content of total polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega‐6, and trans fatty acids, while Minhota milk had significantly higher monounsaturated fatty acids content. No statistical differences were observed for omega‐3 and saturated fatty acids contents, mostly due to the high dispersion observed in Minhota milk samples. The average amount of conjugated linoleic acid was higher in Minhota breed, but the high dispersion of values reduced the statistical significance. Cholesterol content, expressed as mg kg−1 of fat, was higher in Holstein than in Minhota milk.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that Minhota milk has important nutritional qualities that deserve attention, but the wide individual variation found within animals from this breed suggests a high genetic variability. Following this, the selection of some of these animals for intensive milk production could improve milk quality. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Mucin as a therapeutic target in pseudomyxoma peritonei
Authors: Choudry Haroon A. , O'Malley Mark E. , Guo Zong Sheng , Zeh Herbert J. , Bartlett David L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is characterized by intraperitoneal dissemination of mucinous ascites. This malignancy frequently recurs despite aggressive locoregional therapies, demonstrates chemo‐insensitivity and lacks targeted therapies. This review addresses some intriguing questions in PMP; what role does mucin play in this malignancy?; what genetic alterations and dysregulated signaling pathways lead to a putative goblet cell‐lineage differentiation or mucin overexpression?; are targeted therapies against known transcriptional pathways for mucin production a novel therapeutic strategy in this malignancy? J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:911–917. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validity of frozen section in sentinel lymph node biopsy for the staging in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Vorburger Melanie S. , Broglie Martina A. , Soltermann Alex , Haerle Stephan K. , Haile Sarah R. , Huber Gerhard F. , Stoeckli Sandro J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe potential of avoiding a secondary surgery for therapeutic neck dissection (TND) by sentinel node (SN) positivity makes the intraoperative evaluation of SNs an attractive option. The aim of this study was to analyze accuracy of intraoperative frozen section (FS) for detection of occult metastases in a large single institutional patient cohort undergoing SN‐biopsy.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2010, 92 consecutive patients with early stage oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (cT1/cT2/cN0) were prospectively enrolled. Detection rate of occult metastases by monoslice FS was compared with the definitive histopathologic work up by step serial sectioning (SSS) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In case of SN‐positivity on FS TND was performed in the same narcosis.Results15/92 patients revealed positive SNs by FS compared to 34/92 after SSS and IHC. Sensitivity, NPV and FNR for the detection of all sizes of metastases by FS was 47, 77, and 52%, for isolated tumor cells (ITC) 8, 86, 92%, for micrometastases 43, 90, 57%, and for macrometastases 93, 98, 7%.ConclusionSensitivity of FS by the monoslice depends on the metastases size and allows a single‐stage procedure in half of the SN‐positive patients. To improve sensitivity for small tumor deposits either a multislice‐technique or molecular methods are needed. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:816–819. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LAND‐USE CHANGE AND HILLSLOPE INSTABILITY IN THE MONARCH BUTTERFLY BIOSPHERE RESERVE, CENTRAL MEXICO
Authors: López‐García J. , Alcántara‐Ayala I. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTOne of the most important protected areas of Mexico where payment for environmental services has been introduced is the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR) in the state of Michoacán. This paper presents a spatial and chronological portrait of land degradation in the Angangueo sector of the MBBR; land‐use changes over about four decades are analysed by assessing data for the years 1971, 1994, 2009 and 2010. A significant landsliding episode occurred in February 2010, when several debris flows affected the area of the Reserve, causing 16 deaths, substantial damage to roads, electricity and the water supply system, and indirect consequences for crop production, cattle farming and tourism. Changes in land cover between 2009 and 2010 were assessed to determine the likely role of deforestation on landsliding as well as to estimate the significance of landslides in land‐use change. The former was demonstrated because digital photo interpretation and field observations revealed that the debris flows began in deforested zones. The findings also indicated that 54·57 ha of forest were either degraded or destroyed as a consequence of landslides and winds.In the Angangueo basin, the rate of land‐cover change from 1971 to 1994 was 0·96 per cent, from 1994 to 2009 it had decreased to 0·91 per cent, but for the year 2010 had increased to 0·97 per cent, mainly as a result of the landsliding episode of February 2010. The MBBR has experienced a relatively significant amount of land‐cover change over the past four decades, although deforestation has not increased as severely as in other areas of Mexico. This suggests that payments for environmental services can reduce the human‐induced deforestation; however, mitigation of the impact caused by hazards in forest areas should be sought from a perspective that includes disaster theory and geodiversity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photocathodic protection properties of TiO2–V2O5 composite coatings
Authors: Zhou M.‐J. , Zhang N. , Zhang L. , Yan J.‐H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTiO2/vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) and TiO2–V2O5 coatings were prepared on type 304 stainless steel substrates via a sol–gel method, respectively. The TiO2/V2O5 coating is compared with the TiO2–V2O5 coating in terms of the photo‐electrochemical performance. The two coatings can be stored with photogenerated electrons under UV irradiation in 3 wt% aqueous NaCl. The self‐discharging time of the TiO2/V2O5 coating is slower than that of the TiO2–V2O5 coating. The slow discharging may be suitable for an anti‐corrosion application for stainless steel. In the case while the two coatings are electrochemically charged under UV irradiation for 1 h, the TiO2/V2O5 coating can maintain a good cathodic protection for type 304 stainless steel for 6 h in the dark, while the TiO2–V2O5 coating can only maintain a good cathode protection for 0.5 h in the dark.
Effectiveness of Croton cajucara Benth on corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in saline medium
Authors: Felipe M. B. M. C. , Silva D. R. , Martinez‐Huitle C. A. , Medeiros S. R. B. , Maciel M. A. M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractApplication of corrosion inhibitors is one of the most common practices for the protection of steel structures and their alloys in industry. Since metallic corrosion is a major cause of economic losses in the oil industry, the use of natural inhibitors is an alternative for sustainable technological development. In the present study the effectiveness of the hydroalcoholic extract of the plant species Croton cajucara Benth (CC) dissolved in a microemulsion system (MES‐CC) as well as in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO‐CC) was evaluated as corrosion inhibitor on carbon steel AISI 1020 in saline medium. Surface tension measurements of the MES‐CC confirmed micelle formation, and rheological data showed that viscosity varies with temperature. According to potentiodynamic technique and Tafel extrapolation, maximum inhibition efficiencies were effective (93.84% for MES‐CC and 64.73% for DMSO‐CC) with predominant control of cathodic reaction. The adsorption of MES‐CC on carbon steel surface obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm, while DMSO‐CC was found to follow the Frumkin isotherm.
Improvement of the corrosion resistance and structural and mechanical properties of a titanium base alloy by thermo‐mechanical processing
Authors: Cojocaru V. D. , Raducanu D. , Cinca I. , Vasilescu E. , Drob P. , Vasilescu C. , Drob S. I. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this work, a new ternary Ti–25Ta–5Zr alloy (with nontoxic alloying elements) was obtained and used to develop a thermo‐mechanical procedure in order to optimize the balance strength – elastic modulus. Data about structural (by SEM) and mechanical properties are investigated. Also, its electrochemical behaviour in Ringer–Brown and Ringer solutions of different pH values (simulating severe functional conditions of an implant) was studied by cyclic potentiodynamic and linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). From cyclic potentiodynamic polarization curves it resulted the nobler behaviour of the thermo‐mechanical treated alloy than as‐cast alloy due to the favourable influence of the applied processing. Impedance spectra were fitted with one time constant equivalent circuit characterizing a very stable, resistant oxide passive film. The values of the open circuit potentials for the treated alloy are nobler than of the as‐cast alloy and tended to more positive values in time, proving that the passive film on its surface is more compact and thickened in time.
A coupled‐fed loop antenna for fourth generation mobile system applications
Authors: Chen Wen‐Shan , Lee Bau‐Yi , Liu Yi‐Ting 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article proposes a compact printed meander loop antenna for the fourth generation (4G) mobile system applications.The total length of the meander loop operates a one‐wavelength resonant mode (mode 1) at 774 MHz. To increase the antenna's operation bandwidth, this article uses coupled‐fed feeding method that contains a coupling patch connected with a 50‐Ω microstrip feed line. By applying the coupled‐fed method, a new one‐wavelength resonant mode (mode 2) is excited. After carefully adjusted the size of coupling patch, the frequency of mode 2 shifts to 904 MHz combining with mode 1 to form dual broad operations bands. The measured dual broad bands from 658 to 963 MHz and from 1658 to 2693 MHz can be applied in the 4G mobile system, especially for the long‐term evolution application. The two resonant modes are resonated by 1λ loop type that has less influence by changing the size of ground plane. The antenna portion and overall dimensions of the proposed antenna are 20 × 60 × 0.8 mm3 and 120 × 60 × 0.8 mm3 suitable for today's mobile phone application. With the advantages of board band, compact size, low cost, and good performance, the proposed antenna appears to be a promising candidate for the 4G mobile applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1900–1907, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26927
Fields produced at any distance by a hertzian dipole
Authors: Knop Charles M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractExact integral expressions for the electromagnetic fields produced at “any distance,” r, from the center of a Hertzian dipole of height h are derived in this study (it is believed for the first time) by correct‐analytical integration of its infinitesimal fields.Numerical integration of these expressions gives the amplitude and phase as a function of the polar angle, θ, with the normalized distance, r/h, as a parameter for 0.05 ≤ r/h ≤ 5, of both the azimuthal magnetic field, Hφ (r/h,θ), and the polar electric field, Eθ(r/h,θ), for a dipole of h/λ = 0.10, where λ is the free‐space operating wavelength. Plots of these results then reveal, in detail, the interesting rapid‐transitional behavior of these fields for points in the sphere bounded by the dipole (r/h < 0.50) to those outside of it (r/h > 0.50). The latter outer fields approach a sinθ behavior only as r/h approaches 5.0. Generalizations for any h/λ ≤ 0.10 are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1970–1975, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26934
Capacitance of coplanar waveguides in multilayer dielectric substrates
Authors: Park Yong Bae , Park Geon Hye , Park Hyun Ho , Jung Kyung‐Young 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis letter examines the capacitance of coplanar waveguides (CPWs) in multilayer dielectric substrates.An electrostatic boundary‐value problem of CPWs in multilayer dielectric substrates is solved based on the Fourier transform, mode matching technique, and superposition considering the conductor thickness. A series representation for the capacitance is presented. The capacitance is calculated in terms of the CPW geometry to illustrate its behaviors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1886–1889, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26938
A multiobjective optimization of a UWB antenna using a self organizing genetic algorithm
Authors: Silva C. R. M. , Lins H. W. C. , Martins S. R. , Barreto E. L. F. , d'Assunção A. G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article presents the optimization process of a microstrip antenna designed to operate with ultra‐wideband applications. This optimization process was accomplished by applying a self organizing multiobjective genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize a geometry aspect of a ring monopole antenna (a slit in the ground plane) considering three objectives simultaneously (bandwidth, return loss and central frequency deviation). Each of these objectives are modeled as dependent of two variables (the slit dimensions) and used in a single weighted compound aggregate objective function in which weights are defined by an adjuster GA that uses another GA to evaluate each combination of possible weights. The results were compared with the ones obtained to the same antenna using a simulator program (Ansoft HFSS) and with the results of a real prototype antenna built from the slit dimension optimal values obtained after the optimization process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1824–1828, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26945
A printed quasi‐self‐complementary antenna for band‐notched uwb applications
Authors: Huang Chih‐Yu , Su Jr‐Ying 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA quasi‐self‐complementary antenna for band‐notched ultrawideband application free from interference with existing wireless local area network systems is proposed.The designed band‐notched UWB operation can be obtained by choosing the size of the parasitic fan‐shaped patch in the quarter‐slot. The proposed antenna has advantages of low cost, easy design, and compact in size. Details of the proposed design and experimental results of the constructed antennas are presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1879–1882, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26961
Reconfiguring the frequency response of dispersive‐channel radio over fiber systems by using fiber photonic filters: Application to transmission of multiplexed microwave subcarriers
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Martínez Celso , Santos‐Aguilar Joel , Santiago‐Bernal Misael , Morales‐Díaz Adolfo , Torres‐Fórtiz José Alfredo , Meza‐Pérez Jacobo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRadio over fiber schemes using multimode lasers and dispersive optical channel show a periodic band‐pass microwave frequency response. Such a response can be used for implementing photonic microwave filters or for multiplexing modulated microwave subcarriers. The reconfiguration of the frequency response using optical retarders acting as photonic filters is demonstrated in this article. The multiplexed transmission of two data‐modulated microwave subcarriers on two adjacent transmission windows is also described. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1869–1874, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26972
Design of apollonian gasket ultrawideband antenna with modified ground plane
Authors: Kumar Raj , Srikanth I. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA printed apollonian gasket monopole antenna with CPW‐feed is proposed for ultra‐wideband applications.The Ultra‐wide bandwidth of this antenna is achieved by modified the CPW ground plane. The experimental result of this antenna exhibits the ultra‐wideband characteristics from 2.8 to 15 GHz at VSWR 2:1. The simulated results calculated from high frequency structure simulator are in good agreement with experimental results. The measured radiation patterns of this antenna are omnidirectional in H‐plane and bidirectional in E‐plane. The radar cross section (RCS) of this antenna is also studied for structural mode and antenna mode scattering. This type of antenna can be useful for a number of applications such as ultrawideband system, radar, ground penetrating radar, medical imaging, and other military applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1793–1796, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26977
A wideband aperture‐coupled microstrip array using backed substrate integrated cavity with T‐shaped geometry
Authors: Sun Dan , Dou Wenbin , Yan Xuequan , You Lizhi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA novel 2 × 2 wideband cavity‐backed aperture‐coupled microstrip array is presented in this article.The cavity in the antenna element is designed based on the new substrate integrated cavity technique and has a T‐shaped geometry. It affords a solution to enhance the bandwidth, reduce the back radiation of the aperture, and suppress the parallel plate mode simultaneously. Furthermore, an integrated multilayer architecture of the feeding network is used in the array. The experimental results of the array show the bandwidth exceeds 40% (VSWR < 2), and the cross‐polarizations of E and H planes are all lower than −20 dB. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1986–1990, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26978
A bispace parameterization method for shape optimization of thin‐walled curved shell structures with openings
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhang Weihong 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYSimultaneous shape optimization of thin‐walled curved shell structures and involved hole boundaries is studied in this paper. A novel bispace parameterization method is proposed for the first time to define global and local shape design variables both in the Cartesian coordinate system and the intrinsic coordinate system. This method has the advantage of achieving a simultaneous optimization of the global shape of the shell surface and the local shape of the openings attached automatically on the former. Inherent problems, for example, the effective parameterization of shape design variables, mapping operation between two spaces, and sensitivity analysis with respect to both kinds of design variables are highlighted. A design procedure is given to show how both kinds of design variables are managed together and how the whole design flowchart is carried out with relevant formulations. Numerical examples are presented and the effects of both kinds of design variables upon the optimal solutions are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perinatal outcomes of fetal echogenic bowel
Authors: Saha Esha , Mullins Edward William Samuel , Paramasivam Gowrishankar , Kumar Sailesh , Lakasing Lorin 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate perinatal outcomes of fetal echogenic bowel (FEB).MethodThis is a retrospective observational study of FEB cases from Jan 2005–Dec 2010. Data from ultrasound and fetal medicine investigations, uterine artery Doppler (UAD), intra‐partum care and neonatal outcome were obtained from Fetal Medicine, Obstetric and Neonatal Databases.ResultsThere were 139 cases presenting at 21+5 (15+1–35+5) weeks gestation. Overall, 106/139 (76.2%) were live born (LB), 8/139 (5.8%) were complicated by intra‐uterine deaths (IUD), 11/139 (7.9%) had termination of pregnancy (TOP) and 14/139 (10.1%) were lost to follow‐up after 28 weeks gestation. Six had chromosomal/genetic abnormalities, two had congenital cytomegalovirus, none had cystic fibrosis.Uterine artery Doppler was normal in 106/130 (81.5%) cases. In this group, there were no cases of fetal growth restriction (FGR), 95/106 (89.6%) were LB, 1/106 (0.94%) had an IUD. In the abnormal UAD group, 17/24 (70.1%) developed FGR, 11/24 (45.8%) were LB, 4/24 (16.7%) had TOP, 7/24 (29.2%) had IUD.In total, 20/106 (18.9%) live births were admitted for specialist neonatal care, 12/20 (60%) for prematurity. Only one had primary bowel pathology.ConclusionPregnancies with FEB and screen positive UAD are at risk of adverse perinatal outcome. Primary bowel pathology is rare following the finding of FEB. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mechanisms and mechanics of the toughening of epoxy polymers modified with fullerene C60
Authors: Zuev Vjacheslav V. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study examined the effect of fullerene C60 on the mechanical properties of epoxy‐based polymer nanocomposites with different C60 loadings. Mechanical testing shows that compared with neat epoxy, mechanical and toughening properties of composites are greatly improved. Young's modulus increased 6–20% by inducing 0.01–0.12 wt% of fullerene into the matrix resin. Furthermore, the toughness of the composite was improved up to about 200%. The toughening mechanism has been discussed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers