bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS TO OPTIMISE ACQUISITION OF RESEARCH FUNDS*
Authors: Cartwright R. W. , Candler W. V. 
Published: July 2010

This paper analyses the decision faced by an academic department when it has the opportunity of rejecting or bidding for a new research grant. Research grams commonly provide inputs that complement existing resources, but also incur opportunity costs as established resource services are reallocated.A case study suggested that the grant acquisition decision process contains a sequence of five major REJECT/ GO ON decision points. Each GO ON decision results in an inflow of more information pertinent to the decision. The paper suggests that scope exists for introducing mathematical decision aids at each decision point. The problem is modelled as the optimisation of a multi‐factor utility function subject to linear constraints and the presence of integer variables. A hypothetical example problem is presented. Difficulties that might be encountered in data acquisition and problem solution are briefly discussed.Dans ce rapport, on analyse la décision que doit prendre un départemem univer‐sitaire quand il a le choix de refuser ou ďessayer ďobtenir une nouvelle subvention pour des travaux de recherches. Ces subventions fournissent souvenl des fonds qui complètent des ressources déja existantes, mais présenlent également des frais connexes lorsque les services de ressources sont réorganisés.One étude fondée sur un cas suggère que le processus de décision pour ľobtention ďune subvention comporte une série de cinq étapes principales de décision REFUS/ CONT/NUA TION. Chaque décision de continuation donne lieu àľarrivée ďinfor‐mations additionnelles relatives à la décision. Ce rapport suggère qu'un cas existe pour ľinlroduction ďaides de décision mathématiques à chaque étape de décision. Le modèle du problème se présente sous la forme de I'optimisation ďun choix utile à buts multiples, sujet à des contraintes linéaires et à la présence de variables à nombre entier. On ajoute un problème hypothétique à litre ďexemple. On discute brièvement des difficulies qui pourraient se présenter en ce qui concerne ľacquisition des données et la solution du problème
A PROPOSAL FOR REDUCING NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES WITH ECONOMICAL DIETS
Authors: Prato Anthony A. 
Published: July 2010

Current food assistance programs are not designed to reduce a family's specific nutrient deficiencies. Consequently, the diets of families on food assistance are often no belter than the diets of low‐income families not on food assistance. This paper proposes a method for reducing dietary deficiencies for low‐income families that combines information about nutritious economical diets with food assistance. Under the proposed method a diet or diet supplement is computed for a family by minimizing food expenditure subject to pre‐established dietary constraints. Food assistance is then used to help the family achieve the formulated diet or diet supplement.Les programmes qui distribuent des produits comestibles aux classes pauvres ne sont pas faites pour diminuer les déficiences nutritives des families. Par consequent, les regimes des families qui regoivent l'aide de ces programmes souvent ne sont pas mieux que les regimes des families qui ne reçoivent pas d'aide. Ce bulletin propose un moyen de diminuer ces déficiences nutritives des classes pauvres eh donnant des renseignements à ce sujet. Un régime complet ou supplémentaire est mis sur pied ou analysé pour ces families. II s'agit de minimiser les depenses alimentaires des regimes. Ces programmes sont utilisées pour aider la famille á completer le regime formule ou le regime supplementaire.SummaryThis paper proposes and analyzes a method for reducing nutrient deficiencies in family diets that combines nutritious economical diets and food assistance. A diet choice model is developed to explain how families select the foods in their diet. This model is transformed to a more empirically useful form in which food expenditure is minimized subject to dietary constraints. The reformulated model permits the computation of minimum‐cost diets and minimum‐cost diet supplements. Various types of food assistance can be used with the minimum‐cost diet or diet supplements to help low‐income families achieve a more nutritious and satisfying diet. A food program based on this method is likely to yield higher benefits (in terms of dietary improvements) to participating families but somewhat higher costs. In order to more accurately determine benefits and costs, it is suggested that the program be administered on an experimental basis and the benefits and costs closely monitored.
Income Stabilization For B.C. Hog Producers
Authors: Kennedy George , Palacios Alajandro 
Published: July 2010

The objective of this paper is to estimate the costs and effects of federal and provincial government programs designed to stabilize the incomes of B.C. hog producers. Simulation was used to provide these estimates. This involved building a mathematical model of the B.C. hog industry, including important supplyldemand relationships and the operating characteristics of alternative stabilization schemes. Successive runs of the model were made, each assuming operation of a different stabilization scheme. Results are presented for the current Agricultural Stabilization Act and a guaranteed margin approach (federal) and the B.C. Swine Producers' Income Assurance Program (provincial).L'Objectif de cet article est d'bvaluer les couts et les effets des programmes provinciaw et fkdtraux destints il stabdiser les revenus des producteurs porcins de la Colombie Britanique. Ces evaluations one ttt obtenues par simulation. Ceci a nktssitt la construction d'un modMe mathtmatique du secteur du porc de la Colombie Britanique, comprenant d'une part des relations d'offre/demand et d'autre part les caracttristiques operationnelles des divers plans de stabilisation. En supposant A chaque fois I'application d'une plan difftrent de stabilisation, des simulaitons successives one Ctt entreprises pour I'actuel plan ftdtral de Stabilisation (Agricultural Stabilization Act), le plan fedtral de marge guarantie. et le programme provincial actuellement utilist en Colombie Britanique (B.C. Swine Producers Income Assurance Program).
Energy and Non‐Energy Input Substitution Possibilities and Output Scale Effects in Canadian Agriculture
Authors: Lopez Ramon E. , Tung Fu‐Lai 
Published: July 2010

A generalized Leontief cost function was used to investigate energy and non‐energy input substitution possibilities and output scale effects on factor demand in Canadian agriculture. Results suggest that (1) substitution possibilities exist between energy and non‐energy inputs, and energy and energy‐based inputs appear to be complements; (2) labor is the best substitute for energy inputs, followed by land and other intermediate inputs; and (3) the output scale has significant effect in reducing production costs and decreasing the responsiveness of input to price changes. These findings indicate that an effective energy conservation measure would be the encouragement of production practices oriented to use more labor and land intensive techniques rather than using more agricultural chemicals for reducing cultivation practices.On a utilisé une fonction de coút Léontief généralisée pour examiner d'une part les possibilitiés de substituer entrées énergétiques el non énergétiques et d'autre part les effets d'échelle de sortie sur la demande factorielle dans l'agriculture canadienne. Les résultats suggérent que: (1) il est possible de substituer entrées énergétiques et non énergétiques; les entrées énergétiques et celles basées sur l'énergie semblent complémentaires, (2) la main‐d'oeuvre est le meilleur substitut aux entrées énergétiques; viennent ensuite la terre et autres entrees intermédiares, et (3) l'échelle de sortie joue un r&#x006f;&#x030c;le déterminant dans la réduction des coúts de production et dans une sensibilité plus petite des entrées aux changements de prix. Ces découvertes indiquent qu'une mesure efficace pour conserver l'énergie serait, plut&#x006f;&#x030c;l que d'utiliser davantage de produits chimiques agricoles, d'encourager les pratiques de production basée sur la main‐d'oeuvre et l'utilisation intensive de la terre.
Agricultural Economists and Long‐Run Challenges Facing Canadian Agriculture
Authors: Brinkman George L. 
Published: July 2010

This paper addresses a number of long‐run development issues facing Canadian agriculture and identifies some important roles for agricultural economists in the future. Issues addressed in the area of farm structure and operation include farm entry, financing, quota allocation and transfer, subsidies and taxation, and asset management. Agricultural growth and development issues addressed include forecasting, agricultural secondary effects, multifactor productivity, and measurements of the benefits from agricultural research.Cette étude aborde un certain nombre de débouchés à long terme se presentant a I'agriculture Canadienne, el idenlifie quelques‐uns des roles importants qu'auront a jouer les economistes en agriculture, dans lefutur.Ces débouchés, addressés à la zone à structure el opération fermíeres, comprennent la prise de possession d'une ferme, son financement, son quota! d'allocation, sa transmission, les subsides el les impbls, el son act if gestionnaire.La croissance de I'agriculture el les solutions de développemenl abordees, tiennent compte des prèvisions, des effets secondaires de I'agriculture, de la productivityéà facieurs multiples, el des mesures des bénéfices provenant de la recherche dans le domaine de I'agriculture.
Economic Disequilibria and Rural Financial Market Performance in Developing Economies
Authors: Bourne Compton , Graham Douglas H. 
Published: July 2010

Rural financial markets and agricultural lenders performed poorly in the past decade in most less developed countries (LDCs). Many observers have emphasized the need for institutional and financial reforms to ensure more efficient and equitable results. This includes improved loan evaluation, monitoring and recovery procedures. It also includes flexible interest rale policies to allow lenders to cover lending costs, and create more incentives for mobilizing savings. While these are often necessary reforms they may not be sufficient to guarantee success.The authors argue that widespread economic disequilibria in many LDCs also cause poor performance of rural financial markets. Using a simple model, the authors show how disequilibria in the product, factor and financial markets of the economy are transmitted to rural financial markets through their impact on farm output, profits, debt and savings capacity, and debt service and amortization. Empirical data is drawn from a case study in Jamaica where inflation and trade deficits severely affected farm activity.The authors conclude that institutional and interest rate reforms are necessary. However. price, wage, exchange rate and foreign trade reforms are also needed to lessen the penalization of agriculture, which will, in turn, improve the functioning of rural financial markets.Les marches financiers ruraux el les organismes bailleurs de fonds n'ont pas été performants ces dix dernieres années dans la plupari des pays en voie de développement (PVDj. Beaucoup d'observaleurs onl mis l'accent sur la nécessité de réformes institutionnellcs et financieres, ce qui permetlrait des résullals plus efficaces et plus justes. Ces réformes comprennent l'amélioration dans l'évaluation des prêts et dans les opérations de contrôle el de recouvrement, des politiques de laux d'intérét flexibles pour permetlre aux bailleurs de fonds de reacupèrer le coût des préts, enfin une incitation plus grande pour mobiliser l'épargne. Bien que souvenl necessaires, ces réformes peuvent s'averer insujfisanles a assurer le réussite.Des auteurs affirment que le déséquilibre économique généralisé dans beaucoup de P VD entraîne également la mauvaise performance des marchés financiers ruraux. Ulilisant un modele simple, les auteurs montrent comment un déséquUibre produil /facteur / marché financier de l'économie se transmet aux marchés financiers ruraux par I'impact qu'il a sur la production agricole, les profits, la capacite à l'endetlemenl et a l'épargne, le service de denes el l'amortissemenl. On tire des données empiriques du cas que présenle la Jamaïque où inflation et déficits commerciaux affecterent sérieusement le secteur agricole.Les auteurs concluent en disanl que dés réformes des institutions et du laux d'intêr'et sonl nécessaires. Toutefois, des réformes en matîere de prix, salaires, laux d'échange et commerce extérieur son! essentielles pour éviter que l'agricullure ne soil si lourdement pénalisee; ceci ameliorerait I'efficacit'e des marchés ruraux financiers.
Optimal Economic Rotation for a Mixed Species Even‐Aged Forest
Authors: Nautiyal J.C. , Innes M. R. 
Published: July 2010

Most forest crops in real life are mixtures of species and the theory of optimal economic rotations as presented in literature does not quite apply to them. A model for determining the optimal economic rotation of a mixed species even‐aged forest has, therefore, been developed. Data for jack pine and black spruce from an actual forest managed by a forest company have been used to demonstrate the value of the model. It has been concluded that at high discount rates faster growing components of a mixture should be given more importance in deciding the common optimal rotation. At low discount rates the slower growing components need to be emphasized.La majeure partie de la récolte forestière consiste en réalité en mélanges d'essences et la théorie des rotations économiques optimales ne s'y applique pas tout à fait; Un modèle pour déterminer la rotation économique optimale a done áté developpé. Afin de démontrer la valeur de ce modéle, on s'est servi de données provenant d'une forêt de pin gris et d'épinette noire gárée par une compagnie forestiére. On a con‐clu qu'avec des taux d'intérět éleves, on devrait donner plus d'importance aux constituants dont la croissance est la plus rapide lorsqu'il s'agit de décider la rotation commune optimale. Par contre, avec des taux d'tntérêt bas, on doit faire valoir les constituants à croissance plus lente.
Expert Systems and Farm Management
Authors: Evans M. , Mondor R. , Flaten D. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe have found that expert system technology is suitable to solving problems in farm management, for example, the fertilizer problem, because of several important features. First, the incremental development process is exploratory by nature, and hence it aids in the formalization of ill‐structured and poorly understood problems. Second, explicit representation schemes make it easy to understand and modify knowledge; thus, it is much easier to make changes to a developing system. Third, through the use of extensive domain knowledge, an expert system considers only relevant information and is able to reduce difficult problems down to a manageable size. Finally, the ability of an expert system to provide explanations and justification for its recommendations decreases user scepticism and makes it possible to ensure that a system's results are accurate. The construction of the FSA prototype has demonstrated the feasibility of applying expert system technology and techniques to a single farm management task. It is our estimation that this approach to increasing access to decision support resources in agriculture will continue on as a trend in the future.
Effects of Nutrient Restrictions on Confined Animal Facilities: Insights from a Structural‐Dynamic Model
Authors: Baerenklau Kenneth A. , Nergis Nermin , Schwabe Kurt A. 
Published: July 2010

Nutrient emissions from animal feeding operations continue to degrade water and air quality. New regulations will limit the amounts of nutrients that can be locally applied to land. In this paper, a structural‐dynamic model of a livestock‐crop operation is calibrated with data from a representative farm and is used to predict the effects of nitrogen regulations. Policy simulations clarify the importance of dynamic elements and demonstrate three main results: (1) cost estimates for large producers are higher than suggested by previous studies; (2) cross‐media pollution effects are potentially significant; and (3) improved input management appears most promising for reducing both water and air emissions and waste management costs. Implications for policy and future research are discussed. Les émissions d'éléments nutritifs provenant des exploitations d'élevage continuent de dégrader la qualité de l'eau et de l'air. De nouveaux règlements limiteront les quantités d'éléments nutritifs qui pourront être appliqués localement sur les terres. Dans le présent article, un modèle structurel dynamique d'exploitation mixte (élevage‐culture) a étéétalonné d'après des données tirées d'une exploitation typique et a été utilisé pour prédire les répercussions des règlements sur la gestion de l'azote. Des simulations de politiques clarifient l'importance des éléments dynamiques et démontrent trois résultats principaux: 1. l'évaluation des coûts dans le cas des grosses exploitations est plus élevée que celle déterminée dans des études antérieures; 2. les effets de la pollution touchant plusieurs milieux sont potentiellement importants; 3. une meilleure gestion des intrants semble plus prometteuse pour réduire les émissions dans l'eau et l'air et pour réduire les coûts de gestion des déchets. Nous traitons des implications pour la politique et la recherche future.
New Interpretations of Early Modern England
Authors: FLETCHER ANTHONY 
Published: July 2010

Reformation and Revolution 1558–1660. By Robert Ashton. (The Paladin History of England.) London: Granada. 1984. xx, 503 pp. £18.00. Authority and Conflict: England 1603–1658. By Derek Hirst. (The New History of England, Volume 4.) London: Edward Arnold. 1986. viii, 390 pp. Hardback £27.50; paperback £9.95. The Emergence of a Nation State: The Commonwealth of England 1529–1660. By Alan G.R. Smith. (Foundations of Modern Britain.) London: Longman. 1984. xiii, 479 pp. Paperback £8.50.
Late Eighteenth‐Century Irish Politics
Authors: CONNOLLY S. J. 
Published: July 2010

Prelude to Union: Anglo‐Irish Politics in the 1780s. By James Kelly. (Studies in Irish History.) Cork: Cork University Press. 1992. xi, 276 pp. ℒ32.00. ISBN 0902561626 The Men of No Property: Irish Radicals and Popular Politics in the Late Eighteenth Century. By Jim Smyth. (Studies in Modern History.) London: Macmillan/Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. 1992. xi, 251 pp. Hardback ℒ40.00; paperback ℒ12.99. ISBN 033354613X.
The Rise and Fall of the Post‐War Settlement
Authors: BOGDANOR VERNON 
Published: July 2010

The People's Peace: British History, 1945–1989. By Kenneth O. Morgan. Power, Competition and the State: Vol. 2, Threats to the Postwar Settlement: Britain, 1961–74. By Keith Middlemas. Power, Competition and the State: Vol. 3, The End of the Postwar Era. By Keith Middlemas. Selecting the Party Leader: Britain in Comparative Perspective. By R. M. Punnett. British Politics Since 1945: The Rise and Fall of Consensus. By David Dutton. UK Political Parties Since 1945. Edited by Anthony Seldon. British History, 1945–1987: An Annotated Bibliography. By Peter Catterall.
REVIEWS
Authors: CRIDDLE BYRON 
Published: July 2010

Elizabeth's Wars. War, Government and Society in Tudor England The Rule of Law, 1603‐1660. Crown, Courts and Judges. By James S. Hart Jr. Harlow The Crisis of 1614 and the Addled Parliament. Literary and Historical Perspectives. Edited by Stephen Clucas and Rosalind Davies (ed.) Proceedings of the Long Parliament. House of Commons. Volume 4: 19 April– 5June 1641. Edited by Maija Jansson. Rochester The Cult of King Charles the Martyr. By Andrew Lacey Puritan Iconoclasm during the English Civil War. By Julie Spraggon1 John Morrill, ‘William Dowsing and the Administration of Iconoclasm in the Puritan Revolution’, in The Journal of William Dowsing Public Debt and the Birth of the Democratic State. France and Great Britain, 1688‐1789. By David Stasavage Palmerston and the Politics of Foreign Policy 1846‐1855. By David Brown Gladstone. By Michael Partridge The Letters of Arnold Stephenson Rowntree to Mary Katherine Rowntree, 1910‐1918. Edited by Ian Packer1 George L. Bernstein, Liberalism and Liberal Politics in Edwardian England.2 Elfrida Vipont, Arnold Roumtree. A Life (1955).3 Among the memoirs published by Rowntree's Liberal contemporaries are F. A. Channing, Memories of Midland Politics, 1885‐1910 (1910); G. Leveson‐Gower, Years of Endeavour 1886‐1907 (1942); and R. Winfrey, Great Men and Others I Have Met (Kettering, 1943).4 Odyssey of an Edwardian Liberal. The Political Diary of Richard Durning Holt, ed. David Dutton5 Ian Packer, ‘Religion and the New Liberalism: The Rowntree Family, Quakerism, and Social Reform’, Journal of British Studies. The Scottish Labour Party. History, Institutions and Ideas. Edited by Gerry Hassan British Elections and Parties Review. Volume 11. Edited by Jonathan Tonge, Lynn Bennie, David Denver and Lisa Harrison Volume 12. Edited by Lynne Bennie, Colin Railings, Jonathan Tonge and Paul Webb Volume 13. Edited by Colin Railings, Roger Scully, Jonathan Tonge and Paul Webb
Autosomal Dominant Adult Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis: a Novel Form of NCL with Granular Osmiophilic Deposits without Palmitoyl Protein Thioesterase 1 Deficiency
Authors: Nijssen Peter C. G. , Ceuterick Chantal , van Diggelen Otto P. , Elleder Milan , Martin Jean‐Jacques , Teepen Johannes L. J. M. , Tyynelä Jaana , Roos Raymund A. C. 
Published: July 2010

We describe the neuropathological and biochemical autopsy findings in 3 patients with autosomal dominant adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (ANCL, Parry type; MIM 162350), from a family with 6 affected individuals in 3 generations. Throughout the brain of these patients, there was abundant intraneuronal lysosomal storage of autofluorescent lipopigment granules. Striking loss of neurons in the substantia nigra was found. In contrast, little neuronal cell loss occurred in other cerebral areas, despite massive neuronal inclusions. Visceral storage was present in gut, liver, cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle, and in the skin eccrine glands. The storage material showed highly variable immunoreactivity with antiserum against subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase, but uniform strong immunoreactivity for saposin D (sphingolipid activating protein D). Protein electrophoresis of isolated storage material revealed a major protein band of about 14 kDa, recognized in Western blotting by saposin D antiserum (but not subunit c of mitochondrial ATPase (SCMAS) antiserum).Electron microscopy showed ample intraneuronal granular osmiophilic deposits (GRODs), as occurs in CLN1 and congenital ovine NCL. These forms of NCL are caused by the deficiencies of palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 and cathepsin D, respectively. However, activities of these enzymes were within normal range in our patients. Thus we propose that a gene distinct from the cathepsin D and CLN1‐CLN8 genes is responsible for this autosomal dominant form of ANCL.
Shockwave therapy for treatment of a burn injury in a horse
Authors: Johnson J. E. , McClure S. R. , Liskey C. C. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThis article describes a horse that sustained burn injury wounds over the back extending from the withers to the tail head as a result of a fire in a trailer. The extensive nature of the burn prompted investigation into treatment options which may stimulate healing. Based on current applications in human medicine, shockwave therapy was administered. This horse recovered from a substantial burn injury. Shockwave therapy may be a viable supplemental option for treating burn injuries in the horse, with no noted adverse effects.