bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical experiment toward simultaneous estimation of the spatiotemporal evolution of interseismic fault slips and block motions in southwest Japan
Authors: Tanaka Yusuke , Kano Masayuki , Nishimura Takuya , Ohta Yusaku , Yano Keisuke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInterseismic strain around southwest Japan can be attributed to slip phenomena on the plate interface and processes inside the continental plate, such as block motions and inland fault slips. Although many crustal deformation analyses have been carried out, the simultaneous estimation of these phenomena and comprehensive discussion regarding the effect on the total strain budget remain topics to be investigated. In this study, we conducted numerical experiment to evaluate the possibility of simultaneously monitoring the spatiotemporal evolution of interseismic fault slips and block motions based on state-space modeling. We aimed to estimate fault slips and block motions using the time series of dense continuous Global Navigation Satellite System sites covering southwest Japan, encompassing 25 years from 1996 onward. We calculated synthetic block motions of the forearc region, monotonically increasing back slips on block boundary faults, and long-term slow slip events in the Tokai region, Kii Channel, and Bungo Channel. Subsequently, we generated the expected synthetic displacement time-series at GNSS stations. Applying Kalman filtering, we successfully estimated the spatiotemporal evolution of block motions, cumulative back slips, multiple slow slip events occurring in different regions. Although the contributions of fault slips and block motions showed slight trade-off, main characteristics of the slip distributions and the direction of block motions were well-recovered. We recovered slow slip events with slips of 5–10 cm or larger. We investigated the estimation uncertainty and separation precision of the unknown parameters using the covariance matrix estimated by Kalman filtering. Focusing on the structure of the non-diagonal component of the covariance matrix, we evaluated the complex effects of site and subfault locations on the estimated slip spatial distribution bias. For instance, the extent of the correlation between subfaults suggested that the three slow slip regions have different tendency of the uncertainties of slip areas, extending toward landside, seaward, or both of them. Our framework enables the comprehensive evaluation of the contributions and uncertainties of various deformation sources covering the entire subduction zone.
Graphical abstract
Primus Inter PARES: First among equals—practical strategies for young adult PAtient RESearch partners (PARES) by young adult PARES
Authors: Rao Sandy , Dimitropoulos Gina , Jardine Rae , Quickstad Julien , Satam Laetitia , Qureshi Mohammad , Bui Thyra , Todorova Antoaneta Alexandrova , Tumaneng Ysabelle , Suthakaran Abitha , Dalley Kaiden , Smith Stacie , Patten Scott B. ,   the entire HEARTS Study Team
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
This manuscript is coauthored by 15 young adult Patient RESearch partners (PARES) with lived and living mental health experiences and three institutional researchers across Canada involved in a patient-oriented research (POR) study called the HEARTS Study: Helping Enable Access and Remove Barriers To Support for Young Adults with Mental Health-Related Disabilities. We share our reflections, experiences and lessons learned as we grapple with the field of POR for its lack of clarity, hierarchical structures, internalized ableism, and accessibility challenges, among others. To mitigate the difficulties of POR, we started by laying the groundwork for equality by embracing the principle of Primus Inter Pares: First Among Equals as the foundation of our approach. In this way, we began with what we know for certain: the inherent worth and dignity of young adults as equal partners, recognizing their expertise, worldviews, creativity, and capacity to contribute meaningfully and intentionally to the research that affects their lives and futures.

Main Body
The manuscript underscores the need to reconceptualize meaningful engagement in POR, advocating a shift from traditional, biased paradigms that fail to address the complexities faced by young adults with mental illness. It introduces what we have termed Adaptive and Differential Engagement, underscoring the necessity of tailoring participation to individual preferences and circumstances alongside a Tripartite Compensation model that promotes fair and holistic remuneration in research collaborations. Then we discuss the approaches we have conceptualized, such as Equitable Dialogue, Trust Architecture, Community Continuum, Unity in Diversity, Shared Stewardship, and Agile Frameworks that collectively aim to overcome barriers like language intimidation, power imbalances, framework fatigue, consultation burnout, trust deficits, and systemic discrimination and exclusion. The manuscript does not seek to prescribe any universal or standardized solutions; in fact, it seeks the opposite. Instead, it offers a thoughtful and transparent contribution to the POR canon, providing resources for young adults eager to engage in research and institutional researchers aspiring to collaborate with them.

Conclusion
This manuscript is a product of our collective learning and critical self-evaluation. By integrating theoretical insights with practical strategies, we present a justice-oriented blueprint for an inclusive and egalitarian approach to POR. We advocate for applications of POR that are responsive to the individualized contexts of young adult PARES, ensuring their perspectives are central to the research with the resources to take the lead should they choose.
Function of alveolar macrophages in lung cancer microenvironment
Authors: Matsui Takahiro , Taniguchi Seiji , Ishii Masaru 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Cancer tissues contain a wide variety of immune cells that play critical roles in suppressing or promoting tumor progression. Macrophages are one of the most predominant populations in the tumor microenvironment and are composed of two classes: infiltrating macrophages from the bone marrow and tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs). This review aimed to outline the function of TRMs in the tumor microenvironment, focusing on lung cancer.

Review
Although the functions of infiltrating macrophages and tumor-associated macrophages have been intensively analyzed, a comprehensive understanding of TRM function in cancer is relatively insufficient because it differs depending on the tissue and organ. Alveolar macrophages (AMs), one of the most important TRMs in the lungs, are replenished in situ, independent of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, and are abundant in lung cancer tissue. Recently, we reported that AMs support cancer cell proliferation and contribute to unfavorable outcomes.

Conclusion
In this review, we introduce the functions of AMs in lung cancer and their underlying molecular mechanisms. A thorough understanding of the functions of AMs in lung cancer will lead to improved treatment outcomes.
Association of systemic lupus erythematosus standard of care immunosuppressants with glucocorticoid use and disease outcomes: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: de Luca Montes Ricardo Azêdo , Huq Molla , Godfrey Timothy , Oon Shereen , Calderone Alicia , Kandane-Rathnayake Rangi , Louthrenoo Worawit , Luo Shue-Fen , Jan Wu Yeong-Jian , Golder Vera , Lateef Aisha , Navarra Sandra V. , Zamora Leonid , Hamijoyo Laniyati , Sockalingam Sargunan , An Yuan , Li Zhanguo , Katsumata Yasuhiro , Harigai Masayoshi , Chan Madelynn , Goldblatt Fiona , O’Neill Sean , Lau Chak Sing , Cho Jiacai , Hoi Alberta , Karyekar Chetan S. , Morand Eric F. , Nikpour Mandana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
This study examines the association of standard-of-care systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) medications with key outcomes such as low disease activity attainment, flares, damage accrual, and steroid-sparing, for which there is current paucity of data.

Methods
The Asia Pacific Lupus Collaboration (APLC) prospectively collects data across numerous sites regarding demographic and disease characteristics, medication use, and lupus outcomes. Using propensity score methods and panel logistic regression models, we determined the association between lupus medications and outcomes.

Results
Among 1707 patients followed over 12,689 visits for a median of 2.19 years, 1332 (78.03%) patients achieved the Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS), 976 (57.18%) experienced flares, and on most visits patients were taking an anti-malarial (69.86%) or immunosuppressive drug (76.37%). Prednisolone, hydroxychloroquine and azathioprine were utilised with similar frequency across all organ domains; methotrexate for musculoskeletal activity. There were differences in medication utilisation between countries, with hydroxychloroquine less frequently, and calcineurin inhibitors more frequently, used in Japan. More patients taking leflunomide, methotrexate, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolic acid were taking ≤ 7.5 mg/day of prednisolone (compared to > 7.5 mg/day) suggesting a steroid-sparing effect. Patients taking tacrolimus were more likely (Odds Ratio [95% Confidence Interval] 13.58 [2.23–82.78], p = 0.005) to attain LLDAS. Patients taking azathioprine (OR 0.67 [0.53–0.86], p = 0.001) and methotrexate (OR 0.68 [0.47–0.98], p = 0.038) were less likely to attain LLDAS. Patients taking mycophenolate mofetil were less likely to experience a flare (OR 0.79 [0.64–0.97], p = 0.025). None of the drugs was associated with a reduction in damage accrual.

Conclusions
This study suggests a steroid-sparing benefit for most commonly used standard of care immunosuppressants used in SLE treatment, some of which were associated with an increased likelihood of attaining LLDAS, or reduced incidence of flares. It also highlights the unmet need for effective treatments in lupus.
Thermal analysis of fire effects on fire doors using the finite element method
Authors: Nurić Adila , Nurić Samir , Varcaković Aladin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to use the finite element method and computer simulation to prove the effectiveness in assessing the fire resistance of building construction elements, specifically on the example of the fire resistance of fire doors. For that purpose, data from the building where fire doors with defined characteristics were installed were used. For simulation purposes, numerical modelling with thermal and structural analysis will be used. In this way, the parameters of the temperature distribution on the fire door and the contact material due to fire will be obtained, as well as the distribution of strain and stresses, which will indicate the fire resistance of the used structure. Computer simulation with numerical modelling offers a number of advantages both in the speed of providing results of a larger number of variants of the simulation model and in the accuracy of the results obtained once the model is calibrated. Also, the mentioned type of predicting the effect of fire can be applied to other elements of the structure of the construction object, which can significantly influence the decision-making that will prevent the negative consequences of the occurrence of a possible fire.
Development and Implementation of a Digital Quality Measure of Emergency Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Kapadia Paarth , Zimolzak Andrew J. , Upadhyay Divvy K. , Korukonda Saritha , Murugaesh Rekha Riyaa , Mushtaq Umair , Mir Usman , Murphy Daniel R. , Offner Alexis , Abel Gary A. , Lyratzopoulos Georgios , Mounce Luke T.A. , Singh Hardeep 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE Missed and delayed cancer diagnoses are common, harmful, and often preventable. Automated measures of quality of cancer diagnosis are lacking but could identify gaps and guide interventions. We developed and implemented a digital quality measure (dQM) of cancer emergency presentation (EP) using electronic health record databases of two health systems and characterized the measure's association with missed opportunities for diagnosis (MODs) and mortality. METHODS On the basis of literature and expert input, we defined EP as a new cancer diagnosis within 30 days after emergency department or inpatient visit. We identified EPs for lung cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Geisinger from 2016 to 2020. We validated measure accuracy and identified preceding MODs through standardized chart review of 100 records per cancer per health system. Using VA's longitudinal encounter and mortality data, we applied logistic regression to assess EP's association with 1-year mortality, adjusting for cancer stage and demographics. RESULTS Among 38,565 and 2,914 patients with lung cancer and 14,674 and 1,649 patients with CRCs at VA and Geisinger, respectively, our dQM identified EPs in 20.9% and 9.4% of lung cancers, and 22.4% and 7.5% of CRCs. Chart reviews revealed high positive predictive values for EPs across sites and cancer types (72%-90%), and a substantial percent represented MODs (48.8%-84.9%). EP was associated with significantly higher odds of 1-year mortality for lung cancer and CRC (adjusted odds ratio, 1.78 and 1.83, respectively, 95% CI, 1.63 to 1.86 and 1.61 to 2.07). CONCLUSION A dQM for cancer EP was strongly associated with both mortality and MODs. The findings suggest a promising automated approach to measuring quality of cancer diagnosis in US health systems.
Ενίσχυση των συμμετοχικών πρακτικών στην προσχολική εκπαίδευση: Μετασχηματίζοντας την ερευνητική γνώση σε εκπαιδευτικό υλικό
Authors: Αυγητίδου Σοφία , Λυκομήτρου Σόνια , Αλεξίου Βασιλική , Μπιρμπίλη Μαρία , Αμπαρτζάκη Μαρία , Καμπεζά Μαρία , Βέλκου Κυριακή , Θεοδοσίου Σεβαστή 
Published: May 2024

Παρόλο που η συμμετοχή των παιδιών θεωρείται σημαντική στην εκπαίδευση, δεν αποτελεί κοινή πρακτική. Ωστόσο, υπάρχει ένας αυξανόμενος όγκος ερευνών σχετικά με τις πεποιθήσεις και τις πρακτικές των εκπαιδευτικών όσον αφορά τη συμμετοχή των παιδιών στην εκπαίδευση και ένας αυξανόμενος αριθμός μελετών που εστιάζουν στην υποστήριξη των εκπαιδευτικών για την ενίσχυση της συμμετοχής των παιδιών στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία. Το παρόν άρθρο επιδιώκει να παρουσιάσει τις διαδικασίες μετασχηματισμού της ερευνητικής γνώσης σε εκπαιδευτικό υλικό για την υποστήριξη των εκπαιδευτικών στην ενίσχυση των συμμετοχικών πρακτικών στην προσχολική εκπαίδευση. Αντλεί στοιχεία από ερευνητικές μελέτες σχετικά με τις πεποιθήσεις και τις πρακτικές των εκπαιδευτικών όσον αφορά τη συμμετοχή των παιδιών στην εκπαίδευση και τις διαδικασίες ενίσχυσης της επαγγελματικής τους μάθησης για να δείξει την αναγκαιότητα, τους στόχους και το περιεχόμενο του εκπαιδευτικού υλικού. Μελλοντικές έρευνες θα μπορούσαν να εξετάσουν τα αποτελέσματα από τη χρήση αυτού του εκπαιδευτικού υλικού από τους εκπαιδευτικούς για την υποστήριξη της συμμετοχής των παιδιών στην προσχολική εκπαίδευση.
Conversation Analytics: Can Machines Read Between the Lines in Real-Time Strategic Conversations?
Authors: Chen Yanzhen , Rui Huaxia , Whinston Andrew B. 
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces machine learning–based methods designed to measure the evasiveness and incoherence of responses from more-informed individuals during real-time strategic conversations. It tests the efficacy of these methods using the question-and-answer segments of earnings conference calls, where managers are subjected to scrutiny by analysts. The article underscores the largely untapped potential for extracting valuable financial insights from the dialogues between managers and analysts during these calls—a data source that current fintech solutions have largely ignored. Furthermore, the research breaks new ground by integrating machine learning with asset pricing, a promising avenue in light of rapid technological advances in artificial intelligence. From a practical standpoint, the study provides less-informed participants in strategic conversations with tools to identify when their more-informed counterparts are being evasive or incoherent. This ability allows them to pose more incisive questions, leading to better-informed decisions in various fields, including investing and hiring. Moreover, the paper contends that as AI technology continues to evolve, it will compel more-informed parties to adopt greater transparency. This shift will enhance both the efficiency and the transparency of markets and institutions, ultimately benefiting society as a whole.
Patents, Freedom to Operate, and Follow-on Innovation: Evidence from Post-Grant Opposition
Authors: Gaessler Fabian , Harhoff Dietmar , Sorg Stefan , von Graevenitz Georg 
Published: May 2024

We study the blocking effect of patents on follow-on innovation by others. We posit that follow-on innovation requires freedom to operate (FTO), which firms typically obtain through a license from the patentee holding the original innovation. Where licensing fails, follow-on innovation is blocked unless firms gain FTO through patent invalidation. Using large-scale data from post-grant oppositions at the European Patent Office, we find that patent invalidation increases follow-on innovation, measured in citations, by 16% on average. This effect exhibits a U-shape in the value of the original innovation. For patents on low-value original innovations, invalidation predominantly increases low-value follow-on innovation outside the patentee’s product market. Here, transaction costs likely exceed the joint surplus of licensing, causing licensing failure. In contrast, for patents on high-value original innovations, invalidation mainly increases high-value follow-on innovation in the patentee’s product market. We attribute this latter result to rent dissipation, which renders patentees unwilling to license out valuable technologies to (potential) competitors. This paper was accepted by Ashish Arora, entrepreneurship and innovation. Funding: This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Collaborative Research Center TRR 190]. F. Gaessler acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación through the Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D [Barcelona School of Economics CEX2019-000915-S]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.02294 .
Improving Customer Compatibility with Tradeoff Transparency
Authors: Buell Ryan W. , Choi MoonSoo 
Published: May 2024

Through a large-scale field experiment with 393,036 customers considering opening a credit card account with a nationwide retail bank, we investigate how providing transparency into an offering’s tradeoffs affects subsequent rates of customer acquisition and long-run engagement. Although we find tradeoff transparency to have an insignificant effect on acquisition rates, customers who were shown each offering’s tradeoffs selected different products than those who were not. Moreover, prospective customers who experienced transparency and subsequently chose to open an account went on to exhibit higher-quality service relationships over time. Monthly spending was 9.9% higher and cancellation rates were 20.5% lower among those who experienced transparency into each offering’s tradeoffs. Increased product use and retention accrued disproportionately to customers with prior category experience: more-experienced customers who were provided transparency spent 19.2% more on a monthly basis and were 33.7% less likely to defect after nine months. Importantly, we find that these gains in engagement and retention do not come at the expense of customers’ financial well-being: the probability of making late payments was reduced among customers who experienced transparency. We further find that the positive effects of tradeoff transparency on engagement and retention were attenuated in the presence of a promotion that provided financial incentives to choose particular offerings. Taken together, these results suggest that providing transparency into an offering’s tradeoffs may be an effective strategy for informing customer choices, leading to better outcomes for customers and firms alike. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management. Funding: Funding for this research, apart from the costs Commonwealth Bank of Australia internally incurred to support the experiment, was provided by Harvard Business School. R. W. Buell has received compensation from Commonwealth Bank of Australia in the past for executive education teaching. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2024.4985 .
High-Status Teammates: Award Evaluation in the National Basketball Association
Authors: Randle Dominika Kinga , Zhang Letian 
Published: May 2024

Social evaluations proceed in stages. First, judges filter a broad pool of candidates and pick a subset for detailed assessment. Then, the chosen group undergoes a closer examination, during which winners are selected. At both stages of the process, judges are susceptible to bias. Bias is especially commonplace when contenders work in teams because each team member’s merit can be hard to distinguish from that of others. Our paper investigates evaluation bias originating in intrateam status asymmetries. Using the National Basketball Association’s data, we explore how high-status teammates are associated with their colleagues’ chances of winning awards. We find that bias stemming from high-status teammates’ presence is beneficial to their colleagues in the first stage of evaluations because high-status actors increase their team members ‘visibility to judges. However, our results also show that in the second stage of evaluations, the presence of high-status teammates could decrease their colleagues’ chances of winning awards because lower-status actors might seem less worthy of awards when evaluated alongside high-status individuals. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.13917 .
Crew Scheduling and Routing Problem in Road Restoration via Branch-and-Price Algorithms
Authors: Moreno Alfredo , Munari Pedro , Alem Douglas 
Published: May 2024

This paper addresses the single crew scheduling and routing problem in the context of road network repair and restoration, which is critical in assisting complex postdisaster decisions in humanitarian logistics settings. We present three novel formulations for this problem, which are the first suitable for column generation and branch-and-price (BP) algorithms. Specifically, our first formulation is based on enumerating crew schedules and routes while explicitly defining the relief paths. The second formulation relies on enumerating the schedules, routes, and relief paths. Finally, the third formulation builds upon the second one by including additional constraints and variables related to relief path decisions. Considering each formulation, we propose BP algorithms that rely on several enhancements, including a new dynamic programming labeling algorithm to efficiently solve the subproblems. Extensive computational results based on 648 benchmark instances reveal that our BP algorithms significantly outperform existing exact approaches, solving 450 instances to optimality, and remarkably 118 instances for the first time. Our framework is also very effective in improving the lower bounds, upper bounds, and optimality gaps that have been reported in the literature. Funding: This work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo [Grants 15/26453-7, 16/01860-1, 16/15966-6, and 19/23596-2], the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [Grant 313220/2020-4], and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.0227 .