bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sandwich Immunoassay for Soluble Glycoprotein VI in Patients with Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Bigalke Boris , Pötz Oliver , Kremmer Elisabeth , Geisler Tobias , Seizer Peter , Puntmann Valentina O , Phinikaridou Alkystis , Chiribiri Amedeo , Nagel Eike , Botnar Rene M , Joos Thomas , Gawaz Meinrad 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND
Platelet glycoprotein VI (pGPVI) expression is increased in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), reflecting platelet activation. There is no reliable method available to measure pGPVI. Our aim was to develop a bead-based sandwich immunoassay to measure soluble GPVI (sGPVI).

METHODS
Based on antibodies for sGPVI developed earlier, we established and validated a bead-based sandwich immunoassay in 2438 consecutive patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP; n = 1371), non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI; n = 724), and ST-elevation MI (STEMI; n = 343). In a subgroup (n = 1011), we measured surface expression of pGPVI using flow cytometry.

RESULTS
The assay revealed a working range of 8–500 ng/L. Intra- and interassay imprecision was &lt;7% and &lt;14%, respectively. Patients with NSTEMI and STEMI showed significantly lower mean sGPVI concentrations than patients with SAP [mean (SD), 8.4 (3.6) μg/L and 8.6 (4.1) μg/L vs 9.8 (4.8) μg/L; P = 0.002], whereas subgroup analysis revealed significantly enhanced pGPVI in NSTEMI (n = 276) and STEMI (n = 80) patients compared with SAP (n = 655) [mean fluorescence intensity (SD), 21.2 (8.1) and 19.8 (6.8) vs 18.5 (7.7); P = 0.002 and P = 0.018]. pGPVI and sGPVI were inversely correlated (r = −0.076; P = 0.023). Area under the ROC curve was 0.716, 95% CI 0.681–0.751, for sGPVI, distinguishing patients with SAP from those with ACS, and was superior (P = 0.044) to the curve of subgroup analysis for pGPVI (0.624, 95% CI 0.586–0.662). sGPVI (P = 0.023) and pGPVI (P = 0.028) had better association with the development of ACS than troponin I (P = 0.055) in the very early stage of disease, based on logistic regression analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
This sandwich immunoassay reliably measures sGPVI and may help to identify patients with ACS earlier than other laboratory markers.
Human Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Is Processed in the Circulation in a Rat Model
Authors: Semenov Alexander G , Seferian Karina R , Tamm Natalia N , Artem'eva Marina M , Postnikov Alexander B , Bereznikova Anastasiya V , Kara Andrey N , Medvedeva Natalia A , Katrukha Alexey G 
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND
The appearance of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the blood is ultimately caused by proteolytic processing of its precursor, proBNP. The mechanisms leading to the high plasma concentration of unprocessed proBNP are still poorly understood. The goals of the present study were to examine whether processing of proBNP takes place in the circulation and to evaluate the clearance rate of proBNP and proBNP-derived peptides.

METHODS
We studied the processing of human proBNP in the circulation and the clearance rate of proBNP and proBNP-derived peptides (BNP and N-terminal fragment of proBNP, NT-proBNP) in rats by injecting the corresponding peptides and analyzing immunoreactivity at specific time points. Glycosylated and nonglycosylated proBNP and NT-proBNP were used in the experiments. We applied immunoassays, gel filtration, and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques to analyze the circulation-mediated processing of proBNP.

RESULTS
ProBNP was effectively processed in the circulation into BNP (1–32) and various truncated BNP forms as confirmed by gel filtration and MS analysis. Glycosylation of proBNP close to the cleavage-site region suppressed its processing in the circulation. The terminal half-life for human glycosylated proBNP was 9.0 (0.5) min compared with 6.4 (0.5) min for BNP. For NT-proBNP, the terminal half-lives were 15.7 (1.4) min and 15.5 (1.3) min for glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
In rats, processing of human proBNP to active BNP occurs in the circulation. The clearance rate of proBNP is quite similar to that of BNP. These observations suggest that peripheral proBNP processing may be an important regulatory step rather than mere degradation.
Deutsche Modalverben und deren Übersetzung ins Englische: mögen
Authors: Schmidt Christiane 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper explores the possibilities of translating German modals into English. One objective is to provide translators with a guide on translating modals by making them aware of the wide diversity of meanings and nuances of German modals and by helping them find the best translation possible for a given context. This guide is intended to be a dictionary for translators that is more parole-orientated and user-friendly than standard dictionaries. At the same time the paper also presents a yet undiscussed linguistic approach to analyzing one aspect of two languages in the context of translations. The excerpt starts out with theoretical aspects on the topic and continues with displaying the results of the analysis of one German modal, namely
Korpuslinguistische Analysen zu den Plenardebatten des Deutschen Bundestages zwischen 2005 und 2009
Authors: Bopp Sebastian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPolitical linguistics is underrepresented in contemporary linguistics research for different reasons. In this article, the author outlines how discourse theory and computational linguistics can be applied to political linguistics to make it more relevant again to both linguistics community and the public. To that end, findings concerning the language use of the political parties in the German Bundestag between 2005 and 2009 are presented.
Deutsche und französische Suchmaschinenwerbung: eine linguistisch-kontrastive Studie zu Sponsorenlinks
Authors: Prieto Raul Sanchez 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article deals with French and German advertisements on web search engines from a linguistic point of view. It attempts to shed some light on the lexical and morphosyntactic structure of the displayed advertisements by analyzing a corpus of 329 Google ads related to the tourism industry. The most relevant findings concern the higher percentage of foreign words detected in the German ads and the very different phrase structure of the advertisement's body of text.
Glossar Windenergie EN-DE / DE-EN 3. Teil
Authors: Proske Christiane 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn Zeiten des Kyoto-Protokolls, des beschlossenen deutschen Atomausstiegs und des weltweit wachsenden Hungers nach Energie stellt sich die Frage, wie der Energiebedarf zukünftiger Generationen gedeckt werden kann, ohne dass wir unsere Umwelt weiter belasten. Erneuerbare Energien erscheinen vor diesem Hintergrund als Wunderwaffe, die von Umweltschützern gepriesen und Politikern gefördert wird. Der Windenergie kommt dabei in Deutschland eine besondere Rolle zu. Laut Bundesverband WindEnergie (BWE) deckte sie 2008 etwa sieben Prozent des deutschen Stromverbrauchs und produzierte damit die Hälfte des deutschen „Ökostroms“. Doch wie genau verwandelt das Wunderwerk Windenergieanlage die kinetische Energie des Windes in elektrischen Strom? Und wie wird gewährleistet, dass dieser Strom trotz schwankender Windgeschwindigkeiten von gleichbleibender Qualität ist? Das sind nur zwei von vielen spannenden Fragen aus dem Bereich der Windenergie, denen die im Oktober 2008 am Institut für Linguistik und Translatologie Leipzig eingereichte Diplomarbeit „Windenergieanlagen. Eine terminologische Untersuchung im Deutschen und Englischen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung moderner Antriebskonzepte.“, die in Zusammenarbeit mit der Leipziger Terrawatt Planungsgesellschaft mbH erstellt wurde, nachgeht. Das nachfolgende Glossar ist ein wesentlicher Teil dieser Diplomarbeit und soll sowohl Translatoren als auch Fachleuten aus der Windenergiebranche als zuverlässige Referenz in terminologischen Fragen dienen.
The Influence of Short-Day Photoperiods on Bone Composition of Hamsters: a Raman Spectroscopic Investigation
Authors: Shen Jing , Lerchl Alexander , Donfack Patrice , Hu Jiming , Materny Arnulf 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Biological rhythms, which regulate the biological cycles of life, are of great interest in biomedicine. The effect of biological rhythms on bone is controversial at the moment. Raman spectroscopy was applied to assess the bone compositional information of hamsters under different photoperiods, designed as long day photoperiod of 16 h light and 8 h dark (LD, 16L : 8D) and short day photoperiod of 8 h light and 16 h dark (SD, 8L : 16D). After three months under such well-defined conditions, the hamsters in the two groups exhibited differences in body weight, fur color and testis size. In addition, for the first time to our knowledge bone compositional variations were observed in both mineral constituents and collagen secondary structures in hamsters conditioned under the different photoperiods. The collagen secondary structure in the SD hamsters was characterized by a higher ratio of mature intra-fibril cross-links indicating a more stable form of collagen. It is hypothesized that increased bone turnover rate and resorption led to the alteration of collagen cross-links in the SD group.
Checking and Improving Calibration of Raman Spectra using Chemometric Approaches
Authors: Dörfer Thomas , Bocklitz Thomas , Tarcea Nicolae , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A wavenumber and intensity calibration procedure of Raman spectra by using chemometric techniques is presented. This approach allows the fine tuning of calibration parameters and routines with the final goal to eliminate setup dependent differences within experimentally recorded Raman spectra. This seems to be necessary since more and more Raman databases are needed for different analytical tasks, like identification of minerals or bacteria. Minimizing the impact of the applied experimental Raman setup on the reference (database stored) Raman spectra allows the databases to be enlarged very easily by feeding the database with Raman spectra recorded with different setups. Furthermore the chemometric analysis performance increases due to the larger number and better quality of reference spectra.
Ultrafast Charge Separation at the CdSe Quantum Dot/Methylviologen Interface: Dependence on Electron Acceptor Concentration
Authors: Dworak Lars , Wachtveitl Josef 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Photoinduced charge transfer dynamics between CdSe semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and the molecular acceptor methylviologen (MV2+) were investigated by time resolved absorption spectroscopy. Biexponential behavior of the charge separation is observed and explained by different donor states involved in the electron transfer reaction. Furthermore, we found a linear dependence of the amplitude weighted average electron transfer rate <k
ET> on the electron acceptor concentration until a methylviologen saturation limit is reached.
Reactions between Cold CH
x

+ and Slow H and H2
Authors: Gerlich Dieter , Borodi Gheorge , Luca Alfonz , Mogo Cesar , Smith Mark A. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Using the combination of a linear 22-pole ion trap (22 PT) and a coaxial beam of hydrogen atoms, H abstraction from CH
x

+ (x=1, 4 and 5) has been studied. The temperature of the trap, T
22 PT, can be varied between 10 K and 300 K. The velocity distribution of the neutral target beam can be changed by cooling the accommodator (T
ACC=10–300 K) and using the focusing features of one or two hexapole magnets. The resulting velocity distributions are characterized by time-of-flight measurements. With the same setup, reactions of mass selected stored ions with a cold effusive beam of H2 molecules have been measured with the discharge turned off. At temperatures of interstellar space, H-abstraction from CH+ is efficient. CH4
+ reacts five times faster with H than with H2 at 50 K. In contradiction to ab initio calculations and to the established proton affinity of methane, CH5
+ is slowly destroyed in collisions with H in our trap, even at 10 K. Some first results for collisions between CH
x

+ and D atoms are reported. For x=1, H–D exchange is quite efficient, even though it is in competition with the exothermic abstraction reaction. For x=4, H-abstraction, i.e. formation of HD molecules, dominates. Deuteration of CH5
+ is measured to be very slow.
Short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion decreases the plasma vaspin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus concomitant with improvement in insulin sensitivity
Authors: Li Ke , Li Ling , Yang Mengliu , Liu Hua , Liu Dongfang , Yang Hao , Boden Guenther , Yang Gangyi 
Published: April 2011

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on plasma vaspin levels in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodThirty patients with severe newly diagnosed T2DM, 37 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 38 gender-, age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched normal GT (NGT) controls participated in the study. The T2DM group was treated with CSII for 2 weeks. Euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamps were performed in 16 subjects of the T2DM group. Plasma vaspin concentrations were measured with a commercial ELISA kit. The relationship between plasma vaspin levels and metabolic parameters was also analyzed.ResultsFasting plasma vaspin levels were higher in the T2DM group than in IGT and NGT groups (1.83±0.55 vs 0.51±0.21 vs 0.53±0.24 μg/l, P<0.05), but there was no difference between IGT and NGT groups. In T2DM patients, fasting plasma vaspin concentrations were significantly decreased after CSII treatment for 2 weeks (1.83±0.55 vs 1.19±0.57 μg/l, P<0.05), accompanied by significant amelioration of insulin sensitivity and glucose control. The changes in plasma vaspin levels were positively associated with the amelioration of insulin resistance (IR) shown by the changes in homeostasis model assessment of IR.ConclusionPlasma vaspin level is associated with IR and is significantly reduced following short-term CSII treatment.
Inhalation Carcinogenicity and Chronic Toxicity of Indium‐tin Oxide in Rats and Mice
Authors: Nagano Kasuke , Nishizawa Tomoshi , Umeda Yumi , Kasai Tatsuya , Noguchi Tadashi , Gotoh Kaoru , Ikawa Naoki , Eitaki Yoko , Kawasumi Yaeko , Yamauchi Tsuneyuki , Arito Heihachiro , Fukushima Shoji 
Published: April 2011

Inhalation Carcinogenicity and Chronic Toxicity of Indium‐tin Oxide in Rats and Mice: Kasuke Nagano, et al. Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association—ObjectivesCarcinogenicity and chronic toxicity of indium‐tin oxide (ITO) were examined by inhalation exposure of rats and mice to ITO aerosol.MethodsFifty mice of both sexes were exposed to ITO at 0 (control), 0.01, 0.03 or 0.1 mg/m3for 6 h/day, 5 day/wk for 104 wk, and 50 rats of both sexes were exposed to 0, 0.01 or 0.03 mg/m3ITO for the same time period. The repeated exposure of 50 rats of both sexes to 0.1 mg/m3ITO was discontinued at the 26th wk, followed by clean air exposure for the remaining 78 wk.ResultsIn rats, incidences of bronchiolo‐alveolar adenomas and carcinomas, bronchiolo‐alveolar hyperplasia, alveolar wall ibrosis and thickened pleural wall, alveolar proteinosis and iniltrations of alveolar macrophages and inlammatory cells were significantly increased. Combined incidences of malignant lung tumors in male rats and total lung tumors in male and female rats were significantly increased at exposure to 0.01 mg/m3ITO. In mice, no carcinogenic response occurred, but thickened pleural wall, alveolar proteinosis and alveolar macrophage iniltration were induced. Mice were less susceptible to ITO than rats. The lung content of indium was the greatest, followed by the spleen, kidney and liver. Blood indium levels increased dose dependently.ConclusionsThere was clear evidence of carcinogenicity of inhaled ITO in male and female rats but not clear evidence in mice, together with occurrence of the chronic pulmonary lesions in both rats and mice.
Burnout, Workplace Violence and Social Support among Drivers and Conductors in the Road Passenger Transport Sector in Maputo City, Mozambique
Authors: Couto Maria Tereza , Lawoko Stephen 
Published: April 2011

Burnout, Workplace Violence and Social Support among Drivers and Conductors in the Road Passenger Transport Sector in Maputo City, Mozambique: Maria Tereza Couto, et al. Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Sweden—ObjectivesWorkplace violence is a work stressor which is presumed to lead to burnout, whereas social support is hypothesized to buffer the impact of such a stressor on health outcomes. In this study the association between burnout and workplace violence was investigated, and the role played by social support in moderating the relationship assessed. The study group consisted of workers in the road passenger transport sector in Maputo City, Mozambique.MethodsA random sample of 504 participants was selected from a register of 2,618 drivers and conductors working with road passenger transport. The study design was cross‐sectional. Previously validated measures of burnout, workplace violence and social support were used.ResultsThe prevalence of severe burnout was 3.6% and of mild burnout 30.1%. Workplace violence was significantly associated with burnout after control for potential confounders. Burnout was more common among workers lacking social support following workplace violence than among peers who had Received supported following an incident of violence.ConclusionsThe study suggests that burnout is a public health problem among workers in the road passenger transport sector, and may be closely and independently linked to workplace violence. Social support appears to buffer or moderate the effect of workplace violence on burnout. This has implications for policy in the workplace. Strategies and guidelines are needed to support workers following workplace violence, since these may prove vital in reducing burnout and other psychosocial consequences.
Phase Transitions at the Nanoscale in Functional Materials
Authors: Saxena Avadh , Aeppli Gabriel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMany properties of functional materials are quite different at the nanoscale, because at this length scale, the surface/interface energy becomes comparable to the bulk energy. Thus, the nature of various phase transitions at the nanoscale (e.g., structural, electronic, magnetic, metal-insulator) is altered. In addition, in functional materials with many coupled order parameters, quantum effects can dominate the response. We use the term nanoscale with three different context-specific connotations: it could refer to a cluster of atoms or molecules, a confined geometry as in a nanoscale grain or a superlattice, and a nanoscale region in the bulk. This field is still in its infancy, and much needs to be learned in terms of nucleation and thermodynamics at this scale. Materials of interest that we consider in this issue include, but are not limited to, ferroics (ferroelectrics, ferromagnets, ferroelastics), multiferroics (magnetoelectrics, ferrotoroidics), and complex functional materials such as those that exhibit colossal magnetoresistance and high-temperature superconductivity, including the recently discovered iron pnictide superconductors. Superconductors provide a fertile ground for quantum phase transitions.
Nanoscale Heterogeneity in Functional Materials
Authors: Lookman Turab , Littlewood Peter 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe physical properties that make “functional” materials worthy of their moniker frequently arise because of a phase transition that establishes a new kind of order as the material is cooled from a parent state. Such ordered states include ferroelectrics, ferromagnets, and structurally ordered martensites; because these states all break an orientational symmetry, and it is rare that one can produce the conditions for single domain crystallinity, the observed configuration is generally heterogeneous. However, the conditions under which domain structures form are highly constrained, especially by elastic interactions within a solid; consequently, the observed structures are far from fully random, even if disorder is present. Often the structure of the heterogeneity is important to the function, as in shape-memory alloys. Increasingly, we are surprised to discover new phases inside solids that are themselves a heterogeneous modulation of their parents.
Ferroelastic Nanostructures and Nanoscale Transitions: Ferroics with Point Defects
Authors: Ren Xiaobing , Wang Yu , Otsuka Kazuhiro , Lloveras Pol , Castán Teresa , Porta Marcel , Planes Antoni , Saxena Avadh 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFor decades, a kind of nanoscale microstructure, known as the premartensitic “tweed structure” or “mottled structure,” has been widely observed in various martensitic or ferroelastic materials prior to their martensitic transformation, but its origin has remained obscure. Recently, a similar nanoscale microstructure also has been reported in highly doped ferroelastic systems, but it does not change into martensite; instead, it undergoes a nanoscale freezing transition—“strain glass” transition—and is frozen into a nanodomained strain glass state. This article provides a concise review of the recent experimental and modeling/simulation effort that is leading to a unified understanding of both premartensitic tweed and strain glass. The discussion shows that the premartensitic tweed or strain glass is characterized by nano-sized quasistatic ferroelastic domains caused by the existence of random point defects or dopants in ferroelastic systems. The mechanisms behind the point-defect-induced nanostructures and glass phenomena will be reviewed, and their significance in ferroic functional materials will be discussed.
Shape-Memory Polymers—A Class of Novel Smart Materials
Authors: Leng Jinsong , Lu Haibao , Liu Yanju , Huang Wei Min , Du Shanyi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractShape-memory polymers (SMPs) offer a number of potential technical advantages that surpass other shape-memory materials such as shape-memory metallic alloys and shape-memory ceramics. The advantages include high recoverable strain (up to 400%), low density, ease of processing and the ability to tailor the recovery temperature, programmable and controllable recovery behavior, and more importantly, low cost. This article presents the state-of-the-art regarding SMPs. First, the architecture, type, and main properties of the traditional and recently developed SMPs are introduced. Second, structural and multifunctional SMP composites are summarized and discussed. These composites greatly enhance the performance of the SMPs and widen their potential applications. Finally, current applications of SMP materials in aerospace engineering, textiles, automobiles, and medicine are presented.
The Benefit of the Neutropenic Diet: Fact or Fiction?
Authors: Jubelirer Steven J. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
There really should not be a debate about the use of neutropenic diet for cancer patients. Its usefulness has never been scientifically proven. However, neutropenic diets remain in place in many institutions even though their usefulness is controversial. Neutropenic diets were once thought to be important in protecting patients from having to succumb to infection from neutropenia while undergoing chemotherapy. Although food may contain harmful organisms and research has shown that bacterial translocation is possible, recent studies have been unable to obtain significant differences between placebo and intervention groups. The dietetic challenges neutropenic patients struggle with include decreased quality of life, malnutrition, gastrointestinal side effects, food aversion, and impaired cell-mediated immunity from vitamin deficiency. Unanswered questions in regard to the neutropenic diet include the following: (a) which food should be included; (b) which food preparation techniques improve patient compliance; (c) which patient populations benefit most; and (d) when should such a diet be initiated. Without scientific evidence, the best advice for neutropenic patients is to follow food safety guidelines as indicated by government entities.