bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konstruktion eines Mikrokraftsensors für HerzkatheterisierungenDesign of a Micro Force Sensor for Heart Chaterizations
Authors: Meiß Thorsten , Werthschützky Roland 
Published: June 2009

Zusammenfassung
Katheterisierungen der Herzkranzgefäße werden gegenwärtig mittels eines Führungsdrahtes ohne die Möglichkeit der Darstellung der Kraft von dessen Spitze und somit ohne haptische Information für den Kardiologen durchgeführt. Dieser Beitrag fasst die Ergebnisse des Projektes HapCath zum Entwurf, dem Musterbau und dem Test von neuartigen, stark miniaturisierten Silizium-Mikro-Kraftsensoren mit Abmessungen unter 0,5mm zur Messung des wirkenden Kraftvektors zusammen.
Neue taktile Sensoren für die Mikro- und NanotechnikNew Tactile Sensors for Micro- and Nanotechnology
Authors: Brand Uwe , Nesterov Vladimir , Doering Lutz , Bütefisch Sebastian , Peiner Erwin , Büttgenbach Stephanus , Frühauf Joachim 
Published: June 2009

Zusammenfassung
Dimensionelle Messungen an Bauteilen der Mikrosystemtechnik waren aufgrund des Fehlens größenangepasster Antastelemente lange Zeit nicht möglich. Zwei neue Mikrotastsysteme auf der Basis von piezoresistiven Siliziumsensoren stehen nun zur Verfügung und können für Präzisionsmessungen eingesetzt werden. Durch die Vielfalt der zu messenden Materialien, unter denen etliche eine geringe Härte aufweisen, kommt der elastischen wie plastischen Deformation beim Messen große Bedeutung bei. Vermeiden lassen sich diese systemischen Abweichungen oder die Kratzer nur durch die Verwendung kleiner Antastkräfte. Der Beitrag beschreibt die entwickelte Mikrokraftmesstechnik und gibt einen Ausblick auf die in Entwicklung befindliche Nanokraftmesstechnik, die für entsprechende rasterkraftmikroskopische Präzisionsmessungen erforderlich ist. Ein Schwerpunkt der Forschungsarbeiten erstreckt sich auf die Modellierung der Deformationen beim taktilen, rasternden Messen.
Effects of rosiglitazone on fasting plasma fibroblast growth factor-21 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Ke , Li Ling , Yang Mengliu , Zong Haihong , Liu Hua , Yang Gangyi 
Published: June 2009

ObjectiveFibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) has recently been characterized as a potent metabolic regulator, but its pathophysiologic roles in humans remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on plasma FGF-21 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Design and methodsThirty patients with new-onset T2DM (nT2DM), 34 type 2 diabetic patients with poor glycemic control (pT2DM) after the treatment with single hypoglycemic agent metformin, and 30 sex- and age-matched normal glycaemic controls (NGT) participated in the study. The pT2DM group was treated with rosiglitazone for 12 weeks. Plasma FGF-21 levels were measured with a RIA. The relationship between plasma FGF-21 levels and metabolic parameters was also analyzed.ResultsFasting plasma FGF-21 levels were higher in nT2DM and pT2DM groups than in the control (1.81±0.64 vs 1.87±0.63 vs 1.52±0.61 μg/l, P<0.05), but there was no difference between nT2DM and pT2DM groups. Fasting plasma FGF-21 levels were decreased significantly in pT2DM group after the treatment with rosiglitazone compared with pre-treatment (1.59±0.63 vs 1.87±0.64 μ/l, P<0.05). In all diabetic patients, multiple regression analysis showed that HbA1c, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index were independently associated with plasma FGF-21 levels.ConclusionsIn pT2DM patients, plasma FGF-21 levels are increased, but significantly decreased after the treatment with rosiglitazone on top of ongoing metformin therapy. These data suggest that rosiglitazone may play a role in lowering FGF-21 levels in T2DM patients.
Genome Engineering-Based Analysis of Bearded Family Genes Reveals Both Functional Redundancy and a Nonessential Function in Lateral Inhibition in Drosophila
Authors: Chanet Soline , Vodovar Nicolas , Mayau Véronique , Schweisguth François 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Lateral inhibition mediated by Notch receptor signaling regulates the determination of sensory organ precursor cells (SOPs) in Drosophila. The selection of SOPs from proneural cluster cells appears to rely on a negative feedback loop linking activation of the Notch receptor to downregulation of its ligand Delta within each cell. The molecular basis of this regulatory feedback mechanism is not known. Here, we have tested the role of the Bearded (Brd) family genes in this process. The Drosophila genome encodes eight Brd family members that interact with the E3 ubiquitin ligase Neuralized (Neur) and act as inhibitors of Neur-mediated Delta signaling. Genome engineering technologies were used to create specific deletions of all eight Brd family genes. We find that the Brd family genes mα, m4, and m6 encoded by the Enhancer of split Complex (E(spl)-C) are dispensable for Drosophila development and that deletion of the five Brd family genes encoded by the Brd Complex only reduces viability. However, deletion of all Brd family genes results in embryonic lethality. Additionally, the mα, m4, and m6 genes act redundantly with the other five Brd family genes to spatially restrict Notch activation in stage 5 embryos. These data reveal that the Brd family genes have an essential but redundant activity. While the activity of all eight Brd genes appears to be dispensable for SOP determination, clone border studies indicate that both the relative activity levels of Neur and Brd family members influence competition for the SOP fate during lateral inhibition. We propose that inhibition of Neur–Delta interaction by Brd family members is part of the feedback loop that underlies lateral inhibition in Drosophila.
On generic structures with a strong amalgamation property
Authors: Ikeda Koichiro , Kikyo Hirotaka , Tsuboi Akito 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLetbe a finite relational language andα= (αR:R∈) a tuple with 0 <αR≤ 1 for eachR∈. Consider a dimension functionwhere eacheR(A)is the number of realizations ofRinA. LetKαbe the class of finite structuresAsuch thatδα(X)≥ 0 for any substructureXofA. We show that the theory of the generic model ofKαis AE-axiomatizable for anyα.
Lawvere–Tierney sheaves in Algebraic Set Theory
Authors: Awodey S. , Gambino N. , Lumsdaine P. L. , Warren M. A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe present a solution to the problem of denning a counterpart in Algebraic Set Theory of the construction of internal sheaves in Topos Theory. Our approach is general in that we consider sheaves as determined by Lawvere-Tierney coverages, rather than by Grothendieck coverages, and assume only a weakening of the axioms for small maps originally introduced by Joyal and Moerdijk, thus subsuming the existing topos-theoretic results.
The amalgamation spectrum
Authors: Baldwin John T. , Kolesnikov Alexei , Shelah Saharon 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe study when classes can have the disjoint amalgamation property for a proper initial segment of cardinals.For every natural number k, there is a class Kk, defined by a sentence in Lω1,ω that has no models of cardinality greater than ℶk + 1, but Kk has the disjoint amalgamation property on models of cardinality less than or equal to ℵk − 3 and has models of cardinality ℵk − 1.More strongly, we can have disjoint amalgamation up to ℵ∝ for ∝ < ω1, but have a bound on size of models.For every countable ordinal ∝, there is a class K∝ defined by a sentence in Lω1,ω that has no models of cardinality greater than ℶω1, but K does have the disjoint amalgamation property on models of cardinality less than or equal to ℵ∝.Finally we show that we can extend the ℵ∝ to ℶ∝ in the second theorem consistently with ZFC and while having ℵi ≪ ℶi for 0 < i < ∝. Similar results hold for arbitrary ordinals ∝ with ∣∝∣ = k and Lk + ω.
Kreisel's Conjecture with minimality principle
Authors: Hrubeš Pavel 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe prove that Kreisel's Conjecture is true, if Peano arithmetic is axiomatised using minimality principle and axioms of identity (theory PAM). The result is independent on the choice of language of PAM. We also show that if infinitely many instances of A(x) are provable in a bounded number of steps in PAM then there exists . The results imply that PAM does not prove scheme of induction or identity schemes in a bounded number of steps.
The number of normal measures
Authors: Friedmanc Sy-David , Magidor Menachem 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThere have been numerous results showing that a measurable cardinal κ can carry exactly α normal measures in a model of GCH. where α is a cardinal at most κ++. Starting with just one measurable cardinal, we have [9] (for α = 1), [10] (for α = α++, the maximum possible) and [1] (for α = κ+, after collapsing κ++). In addition, under stronger large cardinal hypotheses, one can handle the remaining cases: [12] (starting with a measurable cardinal of Mitchell order α), [2] (as in [12], but where κ is the least measurable cardinal and α is less than κ, starting with a measurable of high Mitchell order) and [11] (as in [12], but where κ is the least measurable cardinal, starting with an assumption weaker than a measurable cardinal of Mitchell order 2). In this article we treat all cases by a uniform argument, starting with only one measurable cardinal and applying a cofinality-preserving forcing. The proof uses κ-Sacks forcing and the “tuning fork” technique of [8]. In addition, we explore the possibilities for the number of normal measures on a cardinal at which the GCH fails.
The Cognitive Profile of a Talented Foreign Language Learner. A Case Study
Authors: Biedroń Adriana , Szczepaniak Anna 
Published: June 2009

The Cognitive Profile of a Talented Foreign Language Learner. A Case StudyThe article examines a variety of cognitive individual variables of a talented foreign language learner. The research complies with the qualitative and quantitative criteria of choice of a talented learner proposed by Arancibia et al., (2008); Hartas et al., (2008); Hewston et al., (2005), and Skehan, (1998). Cognitive variables included tested: foreign language aptitude, verbal and non-verbal intelligence, learning styles, and learning strategies. The purpose of the research was to construct an extended cognitive profile of a 21-year-old student proficient in three languages. The research revealed that the subject is linguistically talented, especially in the area of phonological, analytical, and memory abilities. It is hypothesized that her superior abilities result from an extraordinarily efficient short-term phonological memory (Mackey et al., 2002). She uses miscellaneous learning strategies and her learning styles are versatile. The final conclusion is that research into linguistic talent is scarce, therefore further investigation, especially in the field of working memory of talented foreign language learners, is required.
Survival rates in patients with primary malignant brain tumors stratified by patient age and tumor histological type: an analysis based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data, 1973–1991
Authors: Davis Faith G. , Freels Sally , Grutsch James , Barlas Suna , Brem Steven 
Published: June 2009

Object.The authors present population-based survival rate estimates for patients with malignant primary brain tumors based on an analysis of 18 years of data obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute.Methods.Estimates of survival rates at 2 and 5 years after diagnosis for patients with specific histological tumor types were categorized by patient's age at diagnosis (≤ 20 years, 21–64 years, and 65 years or older) and by the time period in which the patients were diagnosed (1973–1980, 1981–1985, 1986–1991). Where appropriate, survival estimates were adjusted for changing patterns in the mean age at diagnosis.Conclusions.The authors observed a pattern of declining survival rates in patients with increasing age of the patient at diagnosis for most histological groups and overall improvements in survival rates of patients across these time periods adjusting for age at diagnosis. There were improvements in 2- and 5-year survival rates over the three time periods for children and adults with medulloblastoma and for adults with astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. Improvements in survival rates for pediatric patients with medulloblastoma have leveled off in the most recent time period, and gender differences in survival rates for patients with this tumor, which were present in the 1970s, have disappeared. Clinically significant improvements in survival rates were not apparent in patients aged 65 years and older.Changes in diagnostic and treatment procedures since the mid-1970s have resulted in improved survival rates for patients diagnosed as having medulloblastoma, oligodendroglioma, and astrocytoma, controlling for age at diagnosis. Glioblastoma multiforme continues to be the most intractable brain tumor.
Demographics, prognosis, and therapy in 702 patients with brain metastases from malignant melanoma
Authors: Sampson John H. , Carter James H. , Friedman Allan H. , Seigler Hilliard F. 
Published: June 2009

Brain metastases are a common and devastating complication in patients with malignant melanoma. Therapeutic options for these patients are limited, and the prognosis is usually poor.Object.A retrospective review of 6953 patients with melanoma treated at a single institution was undertaken to identify demographic factors associated with the development of clinically significant brain metastases in 702 of these patients and to determine the factors influencing the prognosis of this population to permit more informed recommendations regarding surgical therapy.Methods.Factors found to be associated with the development of brain metastases included male gender, primary lesions located on mucosal surfaces or on the skin of the trunk or head and neck, thick or ulcerated primary lesions, and histological findings of acral lentiginous or nodular lesions. The overall median survival time of all patients with brain metastases was 113.2 days, and these metastases contributed to the death of 94.5% of the patients in this group. Patients with primary lesions located in the head or neck region had a significantly shorter survival time relative to other patients with brain metastases, whereas patients with a single brain metastasis, patients without lung or multiple other visceral metastases, and patients whose initial presentation with melanoma included a brain metastasis had a significantly better prognosis. The small group of patients who survived for more than 3 years was characterized by the presence of a surgically treated, single brain metastasis in the absence of other visceral metastatic disease.Conclusions.Although most patients with brain metastases resulting from melanoma have a dismal prognosis, some who are likely to survive for longer periods can be identified. In these patients surgical resection can significantly prolong meaningful survival. The decision to recommend surgery should be based primarily on the resectability of the brain metastases and on the status and number of other organs with metastatic lesions.
Pulmonary function and radiographic abnormalities related to neurological outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Gruber Andreas , Reinprecht Andrea , Görzer Harald , Fridrich Peter , Czech Thomas , Illievich Udo M. , Richling Bernd 
Published: June 2009

Object. This observational study is based on a consecutive series of 207 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage who were treated within 7 days of their most recent bleed. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of respiratory failure on neurological outcome.
Methods. Pulmonary function was assessed by determination of parameters describing pulmonary oxygen transport and exchange, by using composite scores for quantification of lung injury (lung injury score [LIS]) and mechanical ventilator settings (PIF score). Pulmonary function was related to the Hunt and Hess (H & H) grade assigned to the patient at hospital admission (p < 0.001). The pattern and time course of lung injury differed significantly between patients with H & H Grade I or II, Grade III, and Grade IV or V. Hunt and Hess grade, Fisher computerized tomography grade, intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, LIS, ratio of PaO2 to the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), and the ratio of the alveolar-minus-arterial oxygen tension difference (AaDO2) to FiO2 were related to neurological outcome (p < 0.001). The LIS on the day of maximum lung injury remained an independent predictor of outcome (p = 0.01) in a stepwise logistic regression analysis. The probability of poor neurological outcome significantly increased with both decreasing cerebral perfusion pressure and increasing severity of lung injury.
Conclusions. The overall mortality rate was 22.2% (46 of 207 patients). Subarachnoid hemorrhage and its neurological sequelae accounted for the principal mortality in this series. Medical (nonneurological and nontreatment-related) complications accounted for 37% of all deaths. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with associated multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was the leading cause of death from medical complications. The authors conclude that respiratory failure is related to neurological outcome, although it is not commonly the primary cause of death from medical complications.
Dose—response tolerance of the visual pathways and cranial nerves of the cavernous sinus to stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Leber Klaus A. , Berglöff Jutta , Pendl Gerhard 
Published: June 2009

As the number of patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery increases, it becomes particularly important to define with precision adverse effects on distinct structures of the nervous system.Object.This study was designed to assess the dose—response tolerance of the visual pathways and cranial nerves after exposure of the cavernous sinus to radiation.Methods.A total of 66 sites in the visual system and 210 cranial nerves of the middle cranial fossa were investigated in 50 patients who had undergone gamma knife treatment for benign skull base tumors. The mean follow-up period was 40 months (range 24–60 months). Follow-up examinations consisted of neurological, neuroradiological, and neuroophthalmological evaluations.The actuarial incidence of optic neuropathy was zero for patients who received a radiation dose of less than 10 Gy, 26.7% for patients receiving a dose in the range of 10 to less than 15 Gy, and 77.8% for those who received doses of 15 Gy or more (p < 0.0001). Previously impaired vision improved in 25.8% and was unchanged in 51.5% of patients. No sign of neuropathy was seen in patients whose cranial nerves of the cavernous sinus received radiation doses of between 5 and 30 Gy. Because tumor control appeared to have been achieved in 98% of the patients, the deterioration in visual function cannot be attributed to tumor progression.Conclusions.The structures of the visual pathways (the optic nerve, chiasm, and tract) exhibit a much higher sensitivity to single-fraction radiation than other cranial nerves, and their particular dose—response characteristics can be defined. In contrast, the oculomotor and trigeminal nerves have a much higher dose tolerance.
Split spinal cord malformations in children
Authors: Ersşahin Yusuf , Mutluer Saffet , Kocaman Sevgül , Demirtasş Eren 
Published: June 2009

Object.The authors reviewed and analyzed information on 74 patients with split spinal cord malformations (SSCMs) treated between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 1996 at their institution with the aim of defining and classifying the malformations according to the method of Pang, et al.Methods.Computerized tomography myelography was superior to other radiological tools in defining the type of SSCM. There were 46 girls (62%) and 28 boys (38%) ranging in age from less than 1 day to 12 years (mean 33.08 months). The mean age (43.2 months) of the patients who exhibited neurological deficits and orthopedic deformities was significantly older than those (8.2 months) without deficits (p = 0.003). Fifty-two patients had a single Type I and 18 patients a single Type II SSCM; four patients had composite SSCMs. Sixty-two patients had at least one associated spinal lesion that could lead to spinal cord tethering. After surgery, the majority of the patients remained stable and clinical improvement was observed in 18 patients.Conclusions.The classification of SSCMs proposed by Pang, et al., will eliminate the current chaos in terminology. In all SSCMs, either a rigid or a fibrous septum was found to transfix the spinal cord. There was at least one unrelated lesion that caused tethering of the spinal cord in 85% of the patients. The risk of neurological deficits resulting from SSCMs increases with the age of the patient; therefore, all patients should be surgically treated when diagnosed, especially before the development of orthopedic and neurological manifestations.
Stereotactic brachytherapy for a cystic metastatic brain tumor in the midbrain
Authors: Matsumoto Kengo , Tada Eiji , Tamesa Nobuo , Tomita Susumu , Ohmoto Takashi 
Published: June 2009

✓ The authors report a rare case of a cystic metastasis in the midbrain that was successfully treated by brachytherapy following stereotactic biopsy and aspiration of the intratumoral cyst. Stereotactic aspiration of cystic lesions can lead to clinical improvement and brachytherapy prevents cyst recurrence.
A 46-year-old man was referred to the authors' institution with a 2-month history of a left hemisensory disturbance and a 1-month history of progressive hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a ring-enhancing cystic mass in the midbrain. On the basis of this imaging study, a differential diagnosis that included brainstem abscess, glioma, and metastatic tumor was made. Magnetic resonance imaging—guided stereotactic biopsy and aspiration of the intratumoral cyst were performed, yielding 5 ml of yellowish-white fluid. Histological examination provided a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. During the surgery, a catheter through which brachytherapy would be delivered was inserted at a predetermined target. The patient's left hemiparesis and sensory disturbance were markedly improved and brachytherapy was begun 2 days postoperatively. Three radioactive isotopes composed of iridium-192 were implanted to irradiate the tumor tissue. The total dose at the tumor periphery was 30 Gy, which was administered over 100 hours. External-beam radiotherapy (20 Gy) was added after completion of the brachytherapy. At discharge from the hospital, the patient was alert and all his neurological symptoms had resolved. Follow-up MR imaging revealed stabilization of the cyst and no recurrence of the tumor. The patient is alive and well 18 months following the brachytherapy. This case suggests that brachytherapy can delay cyst recurrence, suppress tumor growth, and prolong survival in patients with cystic brainstem metastasis.