bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un réseau de voies d’accès à la langue spécialisée en anglais L2
Authors: Resche Catherine 
Published: January 2012

Enseigner l’anglais dans le secteur LANSAD ne doit pas faire perdre de vue la langue générale dans laquelle la langue spécialisée est enracinée, même s’il est évident qu’il faut s’attacher à donner aux étudiants la possibilité d’aborder un secteur spécialisé et d’en maîtriser les moyens d’expression. La présente étude passe précisément en revue plusieurs techniques qui sont autant de voies d’accès à la langue spécialisée : d’abord, la lecture, voie privilégiée pour aborder les textes spécialisés dans de bonnes conditions et améliorer leur compréhension, puis l’approche terminologique, et son complément naturel, la phraséologie. Cette étude des notions et des collocations qui tissent une toile autour des termes noyaux doit être complétée par un examen de la syntaxe, qui permet de souligner les formes privilégiées par la langue spécialisée. Enfin, la dimension culturelle aide, au travers de l’initiation à l’observation des néologismes, des dictons et proverbes, des nombreux réseaux de métaphores, sans oublier les références à la littérature, à souligner que l’étude de la langue spécialisée n’est pas aussi réductrice et rébarbative que certains voudraient le faire croire.
Cutting Edge: Protective Effect of CX3CR1+ Dendritic Cells in a Vaccinia Virus Pulmonary Infection Model
Authors: Bonduelle Olivia , Duffy Darragh , Verrier Bernard , Combadière Christophe , Combadière Behazine 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The protective host immune response to viral infections requires both effective innate and adaptive immune responses. Cross-talk between the two responses is coordinated by the chemokine network and professional APCs such as dendritic cells (DCs). In mice, subpopulations of myeloid DCs in peripheral tissues such as lungs and in blood express CX3CR1 depending on the inflammation state. We thus examined the host response of mice deficient in the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 to an intranasal vaccinia virus infection. CX3CR1-deficient mice displayed significantly more severe morbidity and mortality compared with control wild-type mice within 10 d following vaccinia virus infection. CX3CR1−/− mice had increased viral loads and a reduced T cell response compared with wild-type mice. Finally, an adoptive transfer of CX3CR1+/+ DCs completely protected CX3CR1−/− mice to a previously lethal infection. This study therefore opens up the possibility of novel antiviral therapeutics targeting lung DC recruitment.
Induction of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression by IL-17 in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells: Implications for Vascular Remodeling in Transplant Vasculopathy
Authors: Liu Arthur C. , Lee Martin , McManus Bruce M. , Choy Jonathan C. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
IL-17 is a signature cytokine of Th17 cells, a recently described subset of effector CD4 T cells implicated in the development of several pathologies. We have examined the role of IL-17 in regulating endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression in human vascular endothelial cells (ECs) because of the key role of eNOS in determining the pathological outcome of immune-mediated vascular diseases. In cultured ECs, IL-17 increased expression of eNOS, eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177, and NO production. The induction of eNOS expression by IL-17 was prevented by the pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB, MEK, and JNK, as well as by small interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing of these signaling pathways. The expression of IL-17 was then examined by immunohistochemistry in human arteries affected by transplant vasculopathy (TV), a vascular condition that is a leading reflection of chronic heart transplant rejection. IL-17 was expressed by infiltrating leukocytes in the intima of arteries with TV, and the majority of IL-17–positive cells were T cells. The number of IL-17–positive cells was not correlated with the intima/media ratio, but was negatively correlated with the amount of luminal occlusion. There was also a significant positive correlation between the number of IL-17–positive cells and the density of eNOS-expressing luminal ECs in arteries with TV. Altogether, these findings show that IL-17 induces the expression of eNOS in human ECs and that this may facilitate outward expansion of arteries afflicted with TV.
The Role of Nanometer-Scaled Ligand Patterns in Polyvalent Binding by Large Mannan-Binding Lectin Oligomers
Authors: Gjelstrup Louise C. , Kaspersen Jørn D. , Behrens Manja A. , Pedersen Jan S. , Thiel Steffen , Kingshott Peter , Oliveira Cristiano L. P. , Thielens Nicole M. , Vorup-Jensen Thomas 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is an important protein of the innate immune system and protects the body against infection through opsonization and activation of the complement system on surfaces with an appropriate presentation of carbohydrate ligands. The quaternary structure of human MBL is built from oligomerization of structural units into polydisperse complexes typically with three to eight structural units, each containing three lectin domains. Insight into the connection between the structure and ligand-binding properties of these oligomers has been lacking. In this article, we present an analysis of the binding to neoglycoprotein-coated surfaces by size-fractionated human MBL oligomers studied with small-angle x-ray scattering and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. The MBL oligomers bound to these surfaces mainly in two modes, with dissociation constants in the micro to nanomolar order. The binding kinetics were markedly influenced by both the density of ligands and the number of ligand-binding domains in the oligomers. These findings demonstrated that the MBL-binding kinetics are critically dependent on structural characteristics on the nanometer scale, both with regard to the dimensions of the oligomer, as well as the ligand presentation on surfaces. Therefore, our work suggested that the surface binding of MBL involves recognition of patterns with dimensions on the order of 10–20 nm. The recent understanding that the surfaces of many microbes are organized with structural features on the nanometer scale suggests that these properties of MBL ligand recognition potentially constitute an important part of the pattern-recognition ability of these polyvalent oligomers.
A Child Presenting with a Bullet in the Middle Ear: Case Report
Authors: Piromchai Patorn , Srirompotong Somchai , Lertchanaruengrith Piyawadee , Mills Robert 
Published: January 2012

Introduction Foreign bodies in the external auditory canal are common in both adults and children. Removal of the foreign body requires skill, but is usually successfully performed in the emergency department. We report a case of a child with a bullet in ear canal which was pushed into the middle ear during an attempt to remove it. Case Presentation A 6-year-old Thai boy went to the community hospital with his parents, who reported that their child had pushed a bullet into his ear. Otoscopic examination revealed a metallic foreign body in his external auditory canal. The first attempt to remove the foreign body failed and the child was referred to an otolaryngologist. We found that the tympanic membrane was ruptured, with granulation tissue in the middle ear and the bullet was located in the hypotympanum. The foreign body was removed via a post-auricular approach. Conclusion Removal of a foreign body from external auditory canal is an essential skill for physicians. Careful removal can prevent further trauma and complications. When the first attempt fails, referral to an otolaryngologist is recommended.
Biomechanical Aspects in Late Implant Failures: Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of Four Clinical Cases
Authors: Iorio Donato Di , Sinjari Bruna , Feragalli Beatrice , Murmura Giovanna 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this work is to analyze by scanning electron microscopy implant components that have mechanically failed in vivo.Materials and methodsThree clinical cases are presented relative to single lateral posterior restorations supported by implants and a case of a mandibular overdenture supported by two implants. In all the reported cases the presence of an incongruous occlusal load caused the fracture of the components of the implant supported restorations.ConclusionFrom the analysis of the cases examined in this study, it is deduced that the functional overload influences the biomechanical behavior of the prosthetic rehabilitation supported by an implant and may, in less fortunate cases, determine the failure following the fracture of the connecting screws and/or the fixture.How to cite this articleDi Iorio D, Sinjari B, Feragalli B, Murmura G. Biomechanical Aspects In Late Implant Failures: Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of Four Clinical Cases. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(5):356-360.
Evaluation of Interference of Calcium Hydroxide-based Intracanal Medication in Filling Root Canal Systems
Authors: Pithon Matheus Melo , Vilela Deyla Duarte , Neto Manoel Matos , Villela Alexandre Mascarenhas 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate the interference of the intracanal medication Calen® (SSWhite, São Paulo, Brazil) on the filling of simulated lateral canals.

Materials and methods
Twenty human anterior teeth were used. Before the endodontic filling procedures the access of cavity was made, and after this root canals were made in all the teeth to simulate the presence of lateral canals. After preparation, the teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n=10). In group I, the root canal system was filled directly after chemicalmechanical preparation; in group II, endodontic treatment was performed in multiple sessions, and after preparation the calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication Calen® was inserted. After the period of 7 days, the root canals were vigorously irrigated and then they were filled. Next, the teeth were radiographed to verify the quality of the filling.

Results
The results demonstrated that the teeth treated in a single session, without calcium hydroxide medication, presented 47 canals out of 60 with radiographic evidence of filling, whereas the teeth in which intracanal medication was used, only 07 presented a radiographic image compatible with filling (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The use of the calcium hydroxide-based medication Calen made it difficult to obtain a hermetic filling of the root canal system.

Clinical significance
The clinical significance of this work basing on the fact that once the dentist knowing that property obliteration of calcium hydroxide can be taken care when they are used in the presence of lateral canals.

How to cite this article
Vilela DD, Neto MM, Villela AM, Pithon MM. Evaluation of Interference of Calcium Hydroxide-based Intracanal Medication in Filling Root Canal Systems . J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(5):368-371.
Alpha‐5 and ‐3 nicotinic receptor gene variants predict nicotine dependence but not cessation: Findings from the COMMIT cohort
Authors: Bousman Chad A. , Rivard Cheryl , Haese Jason Den , Ambrosone Christine , Hyland Andrew 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSmoking many cigarettes per day (CPD) and short interval to first cigarette (TTF) after waking are two of the most heritable smoking phenotypes and comprise the Heavy Smoking Index (HSI). These phenotypes are often used as proxies for nicotine dependence (ND) and are associated with smoking cessation outcomes. Case–control and genome‐wide association studies have reported links between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the alpha‐5 and ‐3 nicotinic receptor subunit (CHRNA5 and CHRNA3) genes and CPD but few have examined TTF or cessation outcomes. In this study we longitudinally assessed 1301 European‐American smokers at four time‐points from 1988 to 2005. One CHRNA5 (rs16969968) and two CHRNA3 (rs1051703, rs6495308) SNPs were examined for their ability to predict smokers who “ever” reported ND based on three phenotypic classifications: (1) 25+ CPD, (2) TTF < 10 min, and (3) HSI ≥ 4. In a subsample of 1157 quit attempters, we also examined each SNP's ability to predict “ever” quitting for a period of >6 months. Demographically adjusted logistic regressions showed significant allelic and genotypic associations between all three SNPs and CPD but not TTF, HSI, or smoking cessation. Carriers of both the rs16969968‐AA and rs6495308‐TT genotypes had approximately twofold greater odds for ND defined using CPD or TTF. Results suggest nicotinic receptor variants are associated with greater odds of ND according to CPD and to a lesser extent TTF. Research examining the effect of nicotinic receptor genetic variation on ND phenotypes beyond CPD is warranted. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interesting correlation between structure, physicomechanical, swelling and sustained transdermal release behavior of diltiazem hydrochloride in various poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel membranes
Authors: Bhunia Tridib , Bhowmik Manas , Chattopadhyay Dipankar , Bandyopadhyay Abhijit 
Published: January 2012

AbstractInteresting correlation between physicomechanical and in vitro release behavior of diltiazem hydrochloride has been obtained in physically treated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes of widely different molecular weights. Physical treatment could not raise crystallinity in dry state, but some of them show significant postswelled crystallinity and achieves elastomeric character. They also retain lot of equilibrium water, ideally suited for drug‐impregnated transdermal patches. In effect, low molecular weight PVA and dimethyl sulfoxide‐modified high molecular weight PVA membranes have shown acceptable release of diltiazem hydrochloride when compared with thermally treated high molecular weight PVA membrane. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling tools: how to fit with our needs?
Authors: Bouzom François , Ball Kathryn , Perdaems Nathalie , Walther Bernard 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTIn 2005, a survey compared a number of commercial PBPK software available at the time, mainly focusing on ‘ready to use’ modelling tools. Since then, these tools and software have been further developed and improved to allow modellers to perform WB‐PBPK modelling including ADME processes at a high level of sophistication. This review presents a comparison of the features, values and limitations of both the ‘ready to use’ software and of the traditional user customizable software that are frequently used for the building and use of PBPK models, as well as the challenges associated with the various modelling approaches regarding their current and future use. PBPK models continue to be used more and more frequently during the drug development process since they represent a quantitative, physiologically realistic platform with which to simulate and predict the impact of various potential scenarios on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. The ‘ready to use’ PBPK software has been a major factor in the increasing use of PBPK modelling in the pharmaceutical industry, opening up the PBPK approach to a broader range of users. The challenge is now to educate and to train scientists and modellers to ensure their appropriate understanding of the assumptions and the limitations linked both to the physiological framework of the ‘virtual body’ and to the scaling methodology from in vitro to in vivo (IVIVE). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indications for fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair
Authors: Cross J , Raine R , Harris P , Richards T 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Endovascular technology has advanced rapidly in the development of fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR). Current evidence for endovascular aneurysm repair is limited to infra-renal aortic aneurysms. With increased costs and complexity of FEVAR, its current role is unclear. A national multicentre, cross-disciplinary consensus model was developed to propose indications for FEVAR.

Methods
All UK FEVAR centres and a wide selection of high-volume aneurysm treatment centres were invited to participate. The RAND appropriateness methodology was used. Five key steps were undertaken: meta-analysis of current literature; survey of current UK practice; nominal group establishment and definition of key clinical attributes; round 1—online survey of case vignettes; and round 2—nominal group consensus meeting.

Results
More than 90 per cent of UK FEVAR centres participated. Literature review showed heterogeneous case series with no clear indications for use of FEVAR. Survey of current practice showed wide variations in aneurysm management. Consensus agreement on the role of FEVAR was achieved in 68·8 per cent of cases. Consensus for FEVAR was agreed in areas of moderate risk from open repair and need for suprarenal clamping, but it was less likely to be indicated in patients aged 85 years or more with 5·5–6-cm aneurysms, or short-necked infrarenal aortic aneurysms.

Conclusion
These data record areas of agreement and define the grey area of equipoise. Consequently, guidelines and recommendations can be developed on the indications for FEVAR to inform clinicians, commissioners and health economists.
Fluorescent and Colorimetric Probes for Mercury(II): Tunable Structures of Electron Donor and π‐Conjugated Bridge
Authors: Cheng Xiaohong , Li Shuang , Jia Huizhen , Zhong Aoshu , Zhong Cheng , Feng Jun , Qin Jingui , Li Zhen 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new series of intramolecular‐charge‐transfer (ICT) molecules (compounds 1, 2, and 3) were synthesized by attaching various electron‐donating thiophenes groups to a triphenylamine backbone with an aldehyde group as the electron acceptor. Based on the protection reaction between ethanethiol and aldehyde, the corresponding dithioacetals (compounds S1, S2, and S3) were prepared to serve as novel colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensors for Hg2+ ions. Also, compound S1 was further utilized to construct the chemical‐reaction‐based conjugated polymer probe (PS1) towards Hg2+ ions. In the presence of as little as 10 nM Hg2+, compound PS1 displayed an apparent change in the fluorescent intensity. The sensing processes were revealed to be mediated by ICT, as confirmed by time‐dependent DFT calculations. Furthermore, compound S1 was successfully applied to microscopic imaging for the detection of Hg2+ in HeLa cells with ratiometric fluorescent methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties and X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Nanocrystalline Ho3Al5O12.
Authors: Petrov D. , Angelov B. , Lovchinov V. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNanocrystalline Ho3Al5O12 is synthesized by an aqueous sol—gel process from a mixture of Ho2O3, Al(NO3)3, malic acid, and 1,2‐ethanediol followed by sintering the precursor gel in air for 6 h at 1223 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Magnetic Properties of RE2MgGe2 (RE = Rare‐Earth Metal).
Authors: Suen Nian‐Tzu , Tobash Paul H. , Bobev Svilen 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe compounds Ln2MgGe2 (Ln: Y, Nd, Sm, Gd—Tm, Lu) are synthesized from stoichiometric mixtures of the corresponding elements (Nb containers, 1100 °C, 20 h) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD and magnetization measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Regiocontrolled Sonogashira and Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction of 3,6‐Dihalogenoimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines: One‐Pot Double‐Coupling Approach.
Authors: El Akkaoui Ahmed , Bassoude Ibtissam , Koubachi Jamal , Berteina‐Raboin Sabine , Mouaddib Abderrahim , Guillaumet Gerald 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSequential and one‐pot, double and mixed Sonogashira and Suzuki—Miyaura coupling reactions are developed in order to obtain regioselectively 3,6‐disubstituted imidazopyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of 9‐Methyl‐2‐morpholin‐4‐yl‐8‐substituted Phenyl‐1H‐purine Derivatives Using Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA) as an Efficient Catalyst.
Authors: Sadanandam P. , Jyothi V. , Chari M. Adharvana , Das Parthasarathi , Mukkanti K. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe PPA‐mediated reaction of pyrimidine (I) with various aldehydes affords the title compounds in short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Organoselenosilane‐Mediated Selective Mild Access to Selenolesters, Selenoanhydrides and Diacyl Diselenides.
Authors: Capperucci Antonella , Degl'Innocenti Alessandro , Tiberi Caterina 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIt is demonstrated, that silylselenides are efficient selenium transfer reagents under mild conditions.
Through the looking glass: gestational diabetes as a predictor of maternal and offspring long‐term health
Authors: Malcolm Janine 
Published: January 2012

SummaryGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is gaining in importance as a predictor of future health risks for women and their offspring. In women, it is associated with increased long‐term risks of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and increased cardiovascular disorders. For offspring of mothers with GDM, risks of GDM include abnormal glucose tolerance, obesity and metabolic syndrome. This review presents the evidence for GDM as a predictor of long‐term health risks for mothers and their offspring. We highlight GDM as an opportune time to screen for and possibly intervene to prevent adverse health outcomes for both women and their offspring. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preventing diabetes in women with gestational diabetes
Authors: Feig Denice 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe immediate consequences of gestational diabetes on pregnancy are well known but the complications decades later for the mother and child are just now emerging. This trio of papers discuss the long‐term consequences of gestational diabetes, the importance of screening this high risk group of women for type 2 diabetes, and the evidence for lifestyle, medications and breastfeeding for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in these women. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of novel micrornas in Xenopus laevis metaphase ii arrested eggs
Authors: Ambady Sakthikumar , Wu Zheyang , Dominko Tanja 
Published: January 2012

AbstractUsing a combination of deep sequencing and bioinformatics approach, we for the first time identify miRNAs and their relative abundance in mature, metaphase II arrested eggs in Xenopus laevis. We characterize 115 miRNAs that have been described either in Xenopus tropicalis (85), X. laevis (9), or other vertebrate species (21) that also map to known Xenopus pre‐miRNAs and to the X. tropicalis genome. In addition, 72 new X. laevis putative candidate miRNAs are identified based on mapping to X. tropicalis genome within regions that have the propensity to form hairpin loops. These data expand on the availability of genetic information in X. laevis and identify target miRNAs for future functional studies. genesis 50:286–299, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.