bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences between violent and non‐violent adolescents in terms of sport background and sport‐related psychological variables
Authors: Moesch Karin , Birrer Daniel , Seiler Roland 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTo date, neither theoretical approaches nor empirical findings allow clear predictions about the influence of sport engagement on youth violence. The present study uses a typological approach to investigate groups of adolescents with different characteristics of violent behaviour and cognition regarding their sport background and psychological variables associated with violent behaviour. A sample of 2438 Swiss adolescents aged 12–18 years completed five self‐report questionnaires on sport engagement, violent behaviour and cognition, self‐concept, wellbeing, and stress perception. After in‐depth data cleaning and method checking, the data of 832 participants were clustered using the Ward method. Five reliable clusters based on violent behaviour and cognition can be identified: non‐violent adolescents, adolescents at risk, violence supporters, psychological harassers, and violent adolescents. Harassers are most engaged in sports and are over‐represented among elite athletes. Violent adolescents are over‐represented in game sports with body contact, whereas non‐violent adolescents are involved in individual sports with a focus on aesthetic factors. Results further reveal that non‐violent adolescents scored highest on general self‐concept and relationship to parents, whereas harassers scored highest on general sport abilities. Moreover, harassers and violent adolescents have the least favourable values on different scales of wellbeing and stress perception. Given the cross‐sectional nature of the study, no conclusion about selection or socializing processes can be drawn. Further in‐depth consideration is needed to advance our understanding of the relationship between sport, psychological dimensions, and violence.
Dehydration and sodium deficit during indoor practice in elite European male team players
Authors: Hamouti Nassim , Coso Juan Del , Estevez Emma , Mora‐Rodriguez Ricardo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAspects of team players' performance are negatively affected when ~ 2% body mass is lost by perspiration. Although such dehydration is likely reached during summer practice in outdoors sports, it is unclear if such dehydration is achieved during the practice of indoor sports. We assessed the fluid and electrolyte deficits of elite team players during practice for the following indoor sports: indoor soccer (n=9), basketball (n=11), volleyball (n=10), and handball (n=13). Morning hydration status was estimated by measuring urine specific gravity. Sweat rate was calculated from body mass changes and fluid intake. Sweat sodium concentration from the forearm was used to estimate whole‐body sodium losses. Over 91% of the players were moderately hypohydrated (urine specific gravity>1.020) at waking 3 h before practice. Indoor soccer players sweated at a higher rate (1.8 litres · h−1) than volleyball and handball players (1.2 and 1.1 litres · h−1, respectively; P<0.05), whereas sweat rate was not different between basketball players (1.5 litres · h−1) and the other team sport players (P>0.05). In average, 62±13% of sweat losses were replaced and teams' body mass loss did not exceed 1.2±0.3%. Sodium losses were similar among teams, averaging 1.2±0.2 g. The exercise fluid replacement habits of professional indoor team players are adequate to prevent 2% dehydration. However, most players could benefit from increasing fluid intake between workouts to offset the high prevalence of morning hypohydration.
The effect of a cycling stage race on whole‐body protein turnover
Authors: Rolleston Anna K. , Rehrer Nancy J. , Hellemans Ien J. , Rush Elaine , Murphy Cheryl , Miller Benjamin F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMarked energy expenditure, independent of energy balance, could change whole‐body protein turnover. The aims of the present study were to determine the effect of participation in a 6‐day, 10‐stage cycling stage tour on whole‐body protein turnover in elite male cyclists, and to determine whether energy and protein turnover are related to fatigue and over‐reaching. 13C‐leucine was used to determine 18‐h whole‐body protein turnover in cyclists both before and immediately after a cycling stage race. The 18‐h period included two feeding periods to simulate a normal evening meal and a normal breakfast meal, and two fasted periods including overnight. Blood was drawn for the determination of plasma cortisol and serum ferritin on days 2, 4, and 6 and a Profile of Mood States questionnaire was administered on alternate days during the tour event for determination of markers of over‐reaching. Mean leucine rate of appearance was unchanged from pre‐ to post‐tour during both fed and fasted conditions and mean energy balance was maintained. Serum ferritin concentration declined and plasma cortisol concentration remained stable over the 6 days. Markers of overtraining were evident in one athlete who pulled out of the tour event due to fatigue on the second to last day. Our main finding was that high energy output over a 6‐day period did not significantly change protein turnover during fed, fasted or overnight conditions.
On the dynamics of Sardina pilchardus: orbits of stability and environmental forcing
Authors: Solari A. P. , Santamaría M. T. G. , Borges M. F. , Santos A. M. P. , Mendes H. , Balguerías E. , Díaz Cordero J. A. , Castro J. J. , Bas C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSolari, A. P., Santamaría, M. T. G., Borges, M. F., Santos, A. M. P., Mendes, H., Balguerías, E., Díaz Cordero, J. A., Castro, J. J., and Bas, C. 2010. On the dynamics of Sardina pilchardus: orbits of stability and environmental forcing. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1565–1573. The dynamics of Sardina pilchardus in Iberian upwelling are examined. Spawning-stock biomass (SSB), recruitment (R), and production (R/SSB) data for the years 1978–2006 are analysed in relation to the upwelling index (UPW) and sea surface temperature (SST). The population oscillates in two relatively stable orbits (identified by multiresolution decomposition of the recruitment series) because the external forcing (UPW and SST) are the inverse of each other and the synchrony is lost between the two external variables, R and R/SSB as they shift towards steep, negative (depensatory) trends. Such mechanics may have induced recruitment failures and significant decreases in abundance of Iberian sardine. The relationships are assumed to validate a complex and dynamic continuum (multiple orbits of stability) and an alternative variable-carrying-capacity population model. Radial systems with two orbits of stability are proposed for the R/SSB and S/SSB (where S is the stock size) relationships. Results are discussed in relation to classical and alternative SR models to address stock rehabilitation and fishing mortality issues as the population shifts towards low recruitment and abundance, and critical factors to consider in developing exploitation strategies for systems with multiple orbits of stability are discussed.
First Report of Bacterial Stem and Root Rot of Sweetpotato Caused by a Dickeya sp. (Erwinia chrysanthemi) in China
Authors: Huang L. F. , Fang B. P. , Luo Z. X. , Chen J. Y. , Zhang X. J. , Wang Z. Y. 
Published: August 2010

Since 2006, stem and root rot of sweetpotato has been observed in fields at a number of sweetpotato-production areas in Huidong, Haifeng, Puning, and Zhanjiang counties and Guangzhou City in Guangdong Province of China. Initially, the leaves turn yellow, and a black, water-soaked rot occurs on the bottom of the stems that gradually extends to the top of the stems. Finally, the entire plant collapses and dies. Bacteria were consistently isolated from stems of diseased seedlings by streaking on nutrient agar. Twelve representative isolates were chosen for further characterization. All strains grew at 37°C, were gram negative, facultatively anaerobic, and rod shaped with peritrichous flagella. The strains were negative for oxidase and positive for catalase and tryptophanase (indole production) They fermented glucose, reduced nitrates to nitrites, degraded pectate, produced phosphatase and lecithinase, and utilized citrate, tartrate, malonate, glucose, sucrose, fructose, and maltose, but not trehalose and lactose. These characteristics were similar to those of Erwinia chrysanthemi (Pectobacterium chrysanthemi) (1). PCR was performed on the 16S rDNA gene from isolate H12 (1,503 bp; GenBank Accession No. GU252371) with primers 27f (5′-GAGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′) and reverse primer (5′-GGCTACCTTGTTACGACTTC-3′). Subsequently, PCR products were sequenced. Results of sequence analysis showed the sequence of isolated strain H12 was 99% identical to that of E. chrysanthemi, 99% identical to that of type strain CFBP 1269T of Dickeya dadantii (Accession No. AF520707), and 98% identical to that of type strain CFBP 1200T of D. dianthicola (Accession No. AF520708). Recently, E. chrysanthemi was transferred to Dickeya gen. nov., but it was difficult to identify the species within the genus Dickeya. Seedlings (20 to 30 cm) were planted in 10-cm-diameter plastic pots containing sterilized field soil at room temperature. Four days later, five stem tops of sweetpotato were injected with a bacteria suspension (108 CFU/ml) of approximately 100 μl to fulfill Koch's postulates. Five control plants were inoculated with sterile distilled water. The experiment was conducted three times. All plants were incubated in a chamber at 30°C with high humidity. One to two days after inoculation, symptoms were observed in all inoculated plants and appeared to be identical to those observed in the field. No symptoms were noted on the control plants. The bacterium was reisolated from symptomatic stems of sweetpotato plants. This pathogen was previously reported on sweetpotato in the United States in 1974 (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Dickeya sp. (E. chrysanthemi) causing bacterial stem and root rot of sweetpotato in China. References: (1) D. J. Brenner et al. Page 670 in: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd ed. Springer, New York, 2005. (2) N. W. Schaad et al. Phytopathology 67:302, 1977.
Home‐like versus Conventional Institutional Settings for Birth
Authors: Hodnett E.D. , Downe S. , Edwards N. , Walsh D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  Home‐like birth settings have been established in or near conventional labour wards for the care of pregnant women who prefer and require little or no medical intervention during labour and birth.Objectives:  Primary: to assess the effects of care in a home‐like birth environment compared to care in a conventional labour ward. Secondary: to determine if the effects of birth settings are influenced by staffing or organizational models or geographical location of the birth centre.Search strategy:  We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register (18 May 2004) and handsearched eight journals and two published conference proceedings.Selection criteria:  All randomized or quasi‐randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of a home‐like institutional birth environment to conventional hospital care.Data collection and analysis:  Standard methods of the Cochrane Collaboration Pregnancy and Childbirth Group were used. Two review authors evaluated methodological quality. Double data entry was performed. Results are presented using relative risks and 95% confidence intervals.Main results:  Six trials involving 8677 women were included. No trials of freestanding birth centres were found. Between 29% and 67% of women allocated to home‐like settings were transferred to standard care before or during labour. Allocation to a home‐like setting significantly increased the likelihood of: no intrapartum analgesia/anaesthesia (four trials; n = 6703; relative risk (RR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.40), spontaneous vaginal birth (five trials; n = 8529; RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.06), vaginal/perineal tears (four trials; n = 8415; RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.13), preference for the same setting the next time (one trial; n = 1230; RR 1.81, 95% CI 1.65 to 1.98), satisfaction with intrapartum care (one trial; n = 2844; RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.21), and breastfeeding initiation (two trials; n = 1431; RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.09) and continuation to six to eight weeks (two trials; n = 1431; RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.10). Allocation to a home‐like setting decreased the likelihood of episiotomy (five trials; n = 8529; RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.99). There was a trend towards higher perinatal mortality in the home‐like setting (five trials; n = 8529; RR 1.83, 95% CI 0.99 to 3.38). No firm conclusions could be drawn regarding the effects of staffing or organizational models.Authors’ conclusions:  When compared to conventional institutional settings, home‐like settings for childbirth are associated with modest benefits, including reduced medical interventions and increased maternal satisfaction. Caregivers and clients should be vigilant for signs of complications.Citation:  Hodnett ED, Downe S, Edwards N, Walsh D. Home‐like versus conventional institutional settings for birth. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD000012.pub2. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000012.pub2.
Enhanced expression of Toll‐like receptor 2 in lesional tissues and peripheral blood monocytes of patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: OHNO Seiji , TATEISHI Yoshihisa , TATEMOTO Yukihiro , MORISHITA Keiko , SASABE Eri , YAMAMOTO Tetsuya 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSome members of the Toll‐like receptor (TLR) family, which plays key roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses, are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune, chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, the role of TLR in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP) has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to understand the roles of TLR in OLP. The expression of TLR genes in OLP tissues was analyzed by cDNA microarray and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and TLR protein expression in OLP tissues and peripheral blood monocytes was examined by immunohistochemical analysis and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, TLR ligand‐induced cytokine production from peripheral blood monocytes was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Among 10 TLR genes, the average expression ratio of the genes for TLR1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 10 in OLP tissues compared to that in the normal buccal mucosae was more than 1.0. In contrast, the average ratio of the genes for TLR7, 8 and 9 was less than 1.0. TLR2 but not TLR4 was highly expressed in the cells of the spinous layer and infiltrating monocytes in OLP tissues, and the mean fluorescence intensity of TLR2 on peripheral blood monocytes was significantly higher in OLP patients than in healthy controls. Furthermore, the peripheral blood monocytes from OLP patients produced considerably higher amounts of interleukin (IL)‐12 and lower amounts of IL‐10 than those from healthy controls. In OLP, the T‐helper cell (Th)1/Th2 balance appears to shift toward Th1 dominance, probably depending on the upregulation of TLR2 expression and these alterations in TLR2‐mediated immunity may be involved in the pathogenesis and maintenance of OLP.
Clinical trial: once‐daily mesalamine granules for maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis – a 6‐month placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Lichtenstein G. R. , Gordon G. L. , Zakko S. , Murthy U. , Sedghi S. , Pruitt R. , Merchant K. , Shaw A. , Bortey E. , Forbes W. P. 
Published: August 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 990–999SummaryBackground  Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic relapsing and remitting idiopathic inflammatory bowel disorder.Aim  To evaluate once‐daily mesalamine (mesalazine) granules (MG) for maintenance of remission of UC.Methods  Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of patients (n = 209 MG, n = 96 placebo) with UC in remission [revised Sutherland Disease Activity Index (SDAI) rectal bleeding = 0, mucosal appearance <2] who took MG 1.5 g or placebo once‐daily for up to 6 months. Primary efficacy endpoint: the percentage of patients who remained relapse‐free at month 6/end of treatment. Relapse was defined as SDAI rectal bleeding score ≥1 and a mucosal appearance score ≥2, a UC flare, or initiation of medication to treat a UC flare.Results  The percentage of relapse‐free patients at month 6/end of treatment was higher with MG than placebo (78.9% vs. 58.3%, P < 0.001) in the intent‐to‐treat analysis. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.025) favouring MG were observed for most secondary endpoints including improvement in rectal bleeding, physician’s disease activity rating, stool frequency, the SDAI at month 6/end of treatment, patients classified as a treatment success and relapse‐free duration. The incidence of adverse events was similar between groups.Conclusions  Once‐daily mesalamine (mesalazine) was effective in maintaining remission of UC for 6 months.
Increased diagnostic accuracy of atypical glandular cells in cervical liquid‐based cytology using cell blocks
Authors: Risse E. K. J. , Holierhoek J. P. , Meijer‐Marres E. M. , Ouwerkerk‐Noordam E. , Boon M. E. 
Published: August 2010

E. K. J. Risse, J. P. Holierhoek, E. M. Meijer‐Marres, E. Ouwerkerk‐Noordam and M. E. Boon Increased diagnostic accuracy of atypical glandular cells in cervical liquid‐based cytology using cell blocks Objective:  The purpose of this study was to reduce the number of diagnoses of atypical glandular cells (AGC). Residual material from the cervical ThinPrep® samples (Hologic, Marlboruogh, MA, USA) was used for cell blocks (CB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).Methods:  In 2007 there were 87 patients (0.12% of tests) with AGC on liquid‐based cytology (LBC) in the Leiden Cytology and Pathology Laboratory (LCPL) using the Bethesda System 2001 (TBS). CB with IHC was used for 26 of these cases. The vials still containing the brush (Cervex‐Brush® Combi) were placed in a shaker for 10 minutes to dislodge the material trapped between the bristles. The residual sampling fluid was used to prepare paraffin sections (Shandon Cytoblock®) stained with Papanicolaou and immunostaining.Results:  Four of five cases with AGC not otherwise specified (NOS) were diagnosed with CB/IHC as benign mimics (endometrium, tubal metaplasia, follicular cervicitis, microglandular hyperplasia) and one of four with AGC‐favour neoplasia (FN) (endocervical polyp). In one of five cases with AGC‐NOS and in two of seven with AGC‐FN, CIN3 was found on subsequent histological biopsy. Of six cases diagnosed as adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) on LBC with CB/IHC the diagnosis was confirmed in four; one was adenocarcinoma and one glandular atypia. Of eight cases diagnosed as adenocarcinoma on cytology and CB/IHC, the diagnosis was confirmed in three. The other five cases were found to be one each of AIS, squamous cell carcinoma, CIN3, CIN2 with glandular atypia, and cervical endometriosis.Conclusions:  By reducing the number of benign mimics of AGC, we achieved a high proportion (16/26; 61.5%) of neoplastic or preneoplastic lesions (glandular or squamous) on histological outcome potentially avoiding colposcopy. Histological biopsy verification by the gynaecologist is needed for final diagnosis of AGC‐FN, AIS and adenocarcinoma.
In situmeasurements confirm the seasonal dominance of benthic algae over phytoplankton in nearshore primary production of a large lake
Authors: MALKIN SAIRAH Y. , BOCANIOV SERGHEI A. , SMITH RALPH E. , GUILDFORD STEPHANIE J. , HECKY ROBERT E. 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. Despite the recognition of its importance, benthic primary production is seldom reported, especially for large lakes. We measuredin situbenthic net primary production by monitoring flux in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration in benthic incubation chambers, based on continuous measurements of CO2(aq)flux, alkalinity, and the temperature‐dependent dissociation constants of carbonic acid (K1andK2). This methodology has the advantages of monitoring net primary production directly as change in carbon, maintaining continuous water recirculation, and having sufficient precision to detect change in DIC over short (i.e. 15 min) incubations, even in alkaline waters.2. Benthic primary production onCladophora‐dominated rocky substrata in western Lake Ontario was measured biweekly. Maximum biomass‐specific net photosynthetic rates were highest in the spring (2.39 mgC g Dry Mass−1 h−1), decreased to negative rates by early summer (−0.76 mgC g DM−1 h−1), and exhibited a regrowth in late summer (1.98 mgC g DM−1 h−1).3. ACladophoragrowth model (CGM), previously validated to predictCladophorabiomass accrual in Lake Ontario, successfully simulated the seasonality and magnitude of biomass‐specific primary production during the first cohort ofCladophoragrowth. Averaged over this growing season (May–Aug), mean areal net benthic production at the estimated depth of peak biomass (2 m) was 405 mg C m−2 d−1.4. We measured planktonic primary production in proximity to the benthic study and constructed a depth‐resolved model of planktonic production. Using the CGM, benthic primary production was compared with planktonic primary production for the period May–Aug. Net benthic production from the shoreline to the 12 m contour (1–2 km offshore) equalled planktonic production. Closer to shore, benthic primary production exceeded planktonic primary production. Failure to account for benthic primary production, at least during abundantCladophoragrowth, will lead to large underestimates in carbon and nutrient flows in the nearshore zone of this Great Lake.
Complex controls on ostracod palaeoecology in a shallow coastal brackish‐water lake: implications for palaeosalinity reconstruction
Authors: HOLMES JONATHAN , SAYER CARL D. , LIPTROT ELLIE , HOARE DANIEL J. 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. The low‐Mg calcite shells of Ostracoda (Crustacea) are often well preserved in the sediments of alkaline lakes. In coastal waters that have undergone large temporal changes in salinity, ostracod assemblages preserved in the sediment record have been used to reconstruct palaeosalinity, often assuming that salinity is the only significant control on the faunas.2. We evaluate the performance of ostracods as palaeosalinity indicators in Hickling Broad, a shallow brackish coastal lake in Norfolk, U.K., by comparing fossil ostracod assemblages covering two centuries with geochemical inferences and instrumental records of past salinity and water composition along with other palaeolimnological indicators.3. Despite large changes in the salinity of the lake and the supposed salinity sensitivity of ostracods, the fossil ostracod assemblages do not clearly reflect the salinity trends inferred from the other independent data. Rather, a complex series of changes has occurred in the lake over the past 200 years and factors other than salinity, including eutrophication, toxicity and associated complex alterations in habitat availability have probably influenced ostracod assemblages. In contrast, there is a good broad agreement between inferred or measured salinity and the trace‐element chemistry of ostracod shells.4. We conclude that ostracod faunas may not always provide unambiguous palaeosalinity records and should therefore not be used to reconstruct salinity changes except as part of a multi‐proxy investigation that includes other palaeoecological and/or geochemical indicators.