bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the potential benefits of Asian participation in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative: The case of China
Authors: Mouan Liliane C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper is not intended as an empirical assessment of the benefits of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). It is, rather, an evaluation of the theoretical presumptions that underpin the discussion about its benefits for Asian economies in general, and China in particular. The paper finds that, despite its well meaning objectives, the EITI might be of limited value for China and its Asian peers, not only because it faces general problems about legitimacy in non‐Western circles, as do most Western‐led multi‐stakeholder partnerships, but also because the principles or values that it promotes are not aligned with China's culture, philosophy and business interests. The paper concludes with suggestions on how a stronger ‘business case’ for China's participation can be made. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A study of an anatomic–physiological cecocolonic sphincter in humans
Authors: Shafik Ali A. , Shafik Ahmed , Asaad Soheir , Wahdan Mohamed 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe hypothesized an anatomical/physiological sphincter and investigated this hypothesis in current communication. The histomorphologic and morphometric studies were carried out in 14 cadavers and radiologic studies in 20; endoscopy studies were done in 16 healthy volunteers. Longitudinal sections along cecum, cecocolonic junction, and ascending colon were stained with H & E and Masson's trichrome stain. Morphometry study of musclethickness of cecum, cecocolonic junction, and ascending colon, radiological examination by method of small bowel barium meal administration, and endoscopic study by pancolonoscopy were studied. A cecocolonic fold was identified 2–2.5 cm distal to ileocecal nipple. It extended along gut circumference, shelf‐like, and was marked by a shallow groove on outer aspect of colon. Microscopically, cecocolonic fold consisted of mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa. The circular muscle layer was thicker than that of cecum or ascending colon. Branching cells with ovoid nuclei representing probably intestinal cells of Cajal were identified in muscularis externa. Also morphometric study showed that circular muscle layer was significantly thicker than that of cecum or ascending colon, whereas longitudinal muscle exhibited no significant difference. Radiologic studies demonstrated narrowing at cecocolonic junction, which became wider on cecal contraction and narrower or closed on colonic contraction. Endoscopically, cecocolonic junction was narrow due to presence of cecocolonic fold, which exhibited spontaneous contractions. Our findings suggest an “anatomic” sphincter at cecocolonic junction as evidenced histomorphometrically, radiologically and endoscopically. Detection of interstitial cells of Cajal in cecocolonic fold postulates possible existence a pacemaker in cecocolonic fold, a point that needs further study. Clin. Anat. 23:851–861, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization of duty cycles for MRI scanners
Authors: Ivanov Evgeniy N. , Pogromsky Alexander Y. , Van Den Brink Johan S. , Rooda Jacobus E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the current article, a new approach on reduction of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination time is investigated. The time reduction is accomplished by dividing MRI scans into segments, which are intermixed to reduce the hardware temperature and other duty cycle limitations during the scans execution. The intermixing algorithms are based on a scheduling framework. First, an explicit definition of the algorithms for different duty cycle limitations is presented. Next, the results of application of the algorithms to the Philips Healthcare routine examinations as wellas the MRI experiments which employs this time reduction approach are described. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 37B: 180–192, 2010
Synthesis, Characterisation and Luminescent Properties of Mixed‐Ligand Copper(I) Complexes Incorporating N‐Thiophosphorylated Thioureas and Phosphane Ligands
Authors: Babashkina Maria G. , Safin Damir A. , Klein Axel , Bolte Michael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe potassium salts of H2NC(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2 (HLI) or o‐C6H4[NHC(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2]2 (H2LII) react with [Cu(PPh3)3I] or a mixture of CuI and Ph2P(CH2)1–3PPh2 or Ph2P(C5H4FeC5H4)PPh2 in aqueous EtOH/CH2Cl2 to give mononuclear complexes [Cu(PPh3)LI] (1), [Cu{Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2}LI] (2), [Cu{Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2}LI] (3) or [Cu{Ph2P(C5H4FeC5H4)PPh2}LI] (4), or dinuclear complexes [Cu2(Ph2PCH2PPh2)LI2] (5), [Cu2(PPh3)2LII] (6), [Cu2{Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2}2LII] (7), [Cu2{Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2}2LII] (8), [Cu2{Ph2P(C5H4FeC5H4)PPh2}2LII] (9) or [Cu2(Ph2PCH2PPh2)LII] (10). The structures of these compounds were investigated by 1H and 31P{1H} NMR, UV/Vis spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of H2LII, 1, 3–6, 8 and 10 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The luminescent properties of complexes 1–10 in the solid state are reported.
Crystal Engineering of Three Net‐to‐Net Intersecting Metal–Organic Frameworks from Two Comparable Organic Linking Squares
Authors: Tseng Tien‐Wen , Luo Tzuoo‐Tsair , Tsai Cheng‐Chuan , Wu Jing‐Yun , Tsai Hui‐Lien , Lu Kuang‐Lieh 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe syntheses and structures of three mixed‐ligand metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), {[M2(btec)(bpym)(H2O)4]·4H2O}n [M = Cu (1), Ni (2)] and [Zn4(btec)2(bpym)(H2O)6]n (3) (btec = benzene‐1,2,4,5‐tetracarboxylate, bpym = 5,5′‐bipyrimidine) are described. MOFs 1 and 2 feature 3D grid‐type frameworks with a cds‐type topology, which are comprised of two mutually intersecting M(btec)‐based and M(bpym)‐based 44‐sql layers. MOF 3 consists of an anionic 3D (4,4)‐connected pts network that is intersected by cationic hydrogen‐bonded 44‐sql layers, [(H2O)3Zn(μ‐anti‐η2‐bpym)Zn(H2O)3]4+, thereby giving rise to a 3D network. The structural diversities between the two types of MOF architectures can be attributed to the coordination geometry preference of the metal ions (square planar for CuII and NiII and tetrahedral for ZnII). In addition, temperature‐controlled X‐ray powder diffraction studies reveal that MOF 1 possesses reversible desorption/sorption properties upon the removal/uptake of water molecules. The magnetic behavior of 1 was investigated in the 2–300 K range. The data indicate the presence of weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the two CuII metal centers that are bridged by a pyrimidine ring.
Synthesis, Electrochemical Behavior, and Self‐Assembly of Metallocene‐Functionalized Thiofluorenes
Authors: Döring Katrin , Ballav Nirmalya , Zharnikov Michael , Lang Heinrich 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWith a view to preparing organometallics for the fabrication of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) and their possible electrochemical applications, we report the synthesis and characterization of ferrocene‐ and ruthenocene‐functionalized thiofluorenes 4b and 6b, respectively. These sandwich compounds were accessible through a consecutive synthesis methodology. 9,9‐Dimethyl‐2,7‐diiodofluorene (1) with tBuLi, S8, and Me(CO)Cl gave 9,9‐dimethyl‐2‐iodo‐7‐thioacetylfluorene (2), which, with Mc–C≡CH [3: Mc = (η5‐C5H4)(η5‐C5H5)Fe (Fc); 5: Mc = (η5‐C5H4)(η5‐C5H5)Ru (Rc)] following the Sonogashira C–C cross‐coupling protocol, produced the corresponding metal alkynyl‐fluorenes Mc–C≡C–9,9‐FluMe2–SC(O)CH3 (4a: Mc = Fc; 6a: Mc = Rc; Flu = fluorenyl). Addition of NH4OH/HCl gave thiols Mc–C≡C–9,9‐FluMe2–SH (4b: Mc = Fc; 6b: Mc = Rc). Compounds 4b, 6b, and the related precursors were characterized electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry (CV). For comparison, the CV data of several biphenyl analogues of 4b and 6b are also reported and thus the oxidation processes of the Fc, Rc, and sulfur units have been studied. The ability of 4b and 6b to form SAMS was demonstrated by the fabrication of such films on Au(111) substrates. These films were subsequently characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data for the 4b/Au and 6b/Au films suggest the formation of contaminant‐free SAMs with relatively high packing density (2.0 × 1014 and 2.2 × 1014 molecules/cm2, respectively).
Comparative Study of the Luminescence Properties and Relative Stability of a Series of Europium(III) Complexes Bearing One to Four Coordinated Azaxanthone Groups
Authors: Parker David , Walton James W. , Lamarque Laurent , Zwier Jurriaan M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe synthesis and spectral properties are reported of a set of four europium(III) complexes containing between one and four 3‐azaxanthone sensitising chromophores. Each complex is based on a macrocyclic cyclen core. The emission and aqueous solution 1H NMR spectral properties are compared, revealing information about the local complex symmetry on the experimental timescale. A C2‐symmetric mono‐cationic complex shows an overall emission quantum yield of 10 % in HEPES buffer and exhibits the best relative stability profile in the presence of a million‐fold excess of added metal salts or EDTA, as indicated by the time‐dependence of overall europium emission, following indirect excitation of the 3‐azaxanthone chromophore.
Permanganate Oxidation Revisited: Synthesis of 3‐Deoxy‐2‐uloses via Indium‐Mediated Chain Elongation of Carbohydrates
Authors: Schmölzer Christoph , Fischer Michael , Schmid Walther 
Published: July 2010

AbstractApplication of the Barbier‐type indium‐mediated allylation method to suitable substrates offers access to carbohydrates bearing a terminal olefin moiety. The C–C bond forming reaction generates a defined stereochemistry of the new chiral center and tolerates a wide variety of starting aldehydes thus allowing modifications in the carbohydrate backbone. Further transformations of the alkene moiety via an environmentally benign and subtle controlled protocol using potassium permanganate gives rise to the structural motif of 3‐deoxy‐2‐uloses in good yields. The final part of the reaction sequence focuses on the deprotection of the acetyl groups essential for the success of the oxidation step. The acidic and labile 3‐deoxy position of the target molecule is prone to elimination applying standard deacetylation conditions and therefore demands derivatisation of the molecule. The introduction of a thioketal moiety using microwave conditions shows promising results and subsequent standard transformations are applicable leading to the desired products.
The viscous creep component in shallow clayey soil and the influence of tree load on creep rates
Authors: Van Asch Th. W. J. , Deimel M. S. , Haak W. J. C. , Simon J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCreep tests carried out on silty‐clay samples of a ‘terres noires colluvium’ show that even in shallow soils (1 m in depth) stress conditions can be high enough to initiate measurable creep displacements by the mechanism of continuous (viscous) creep. It is therefore not necessary to think exclusively of a shrink‐swell mechanism (seasonal creep) in order to explain these slow movements in the soil. The creep tests also show a negative correlation between effective normal stress and the viscosity of the soil material. Therefore in shallow soils removal of an external load (forest clearing) might increase the creep rate at lower slope angles and therefore decrease the stability of the slopes. At higher slope angles removal of external load decreases the creep rate.
The reaction of (N‐isocyanimino) triphenylphosphorane with an electron‐poor α‐haloketone in the presence of aromatic carboxylic acids: A novel three‐component reaction for the synthesis of disubstituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives
Authors: Ramazani Ali , Ahmadi Yavar , Rouhani Morteza , Shajari Nahid , Souldozi Ali 
Published: July 2010

AbstractReactions of electron‐poor α‐haloketones with (N‐isocyanimino) triphenylphosphorane in the presence of aromatic carboxylic acids proceed smoothly at room temperature and in neutral conditions to afford disubstituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives in high yields. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:368–372, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20626
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Goniothalesdiol A via Chiron Approach
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Rao Ragam Nageshwar , Somaiah Ragam , Harikrishna Valaboju , Reddy Basi V. Subba 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe stereocontrolled synthesis of goniothalesdiol A, a dihydroxylated tetrahydropyran compound, has been accomplished using D‐ribose as chiral precursor. The key steps involved are aryl Grignard reaction, stereoselective alkoxy‐directed keto reduction, and intramolecular oxy‐Michael addition.
New Cembrane Diterpenes from Taiwanese Soft Coral Sinularia flexibilis
Authors: Lo Kuang‐Liang , Khalil Ashraf Taha , Chen Meng‐Hsien , Shen Ya‐Ching 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA chemical investigation of the Taiwanese soft coral Sinularia flexibilis has resulted in the isolation of three new cembrane diterpenes designated sinuladiterpenes G–I (1–3, resp.). The structures of 1–3 were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, especially 2D‐NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS.
The Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (6S)‐5,6‐Dihydro‐6‐[(2R)‐2‐hydroxy‐6‐phenylhexyl]‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one via Prins Cyclization
Authors: Yadav Jhillu Singh , Chandrakanth Dandekar , Rao Yerragorla Gopala , Ravindar Kontham , Reddy Basi V. Subba 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe stereoselective total synthesis of an antiproliferative and antifungal α‐pyrone natural product (6S)‐5,6‐dihydro‐6‐[(2R)‐2‐hydroxy‐6‐phenylhexyl]‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one is described. The key steps involved are the Prins cyclization, Mitsunobu reaction, and ring‐closing metathesis reaction.
Optimizing targeted therapeutic development: Analysis of a colorectal cancer patient population with the BRAFV600E mutation
Authors: Tie Jeanne , Gibbs Peter , Lipton Lara , Christie Michael , Jorissen Robert N. , Burgess Antony W. , Croxford Matthew , Jones Ian , Langland Rachel , Kosmider Suzanne , McKay Daniel , Bollag Gideon , Nolop Keith , Sieber Oliver M. , Desai Jayesh 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBRAFV600E mutations are found in 10% of colorectal cancers (CRCs). The low frequency of this mutation therefore makes it a challenging target for drug development, unless subsets of patients with higher rates of BRAFV600E can be defined. Knowledge of the concordance between primary–metastasis pairs and the impact of BRAFV600E on outcome would also assist in optimal drug development. We selected primary CRCs from 525 patients (stages I–IV) evenly matched for age (<70 and ≥70), gender and tumor location (right, left and rectum), and 81 primary–metastasis pairs. BRAFV600E, KRAS mutation and microsatellite instability (MSI) were determined and correlated with clinical features and patient outcomes. In multivariate analyses, increasing patient age (p = 0.04), female gender (p = 0.0005) and right‐sided tumor location (p < 0.0001) were independently associated with BRAFV600E. The prevalence of BRAFV600E was considerably higher in older (age > 70) females with KRAS wild‐type right‐sided colon cancers (50%) compared to the unselected cohort (10%). BRAFV600E was associated with inferior overall survival in metastatic CRC (HR = 2.02; 95% CI 1.26–3.26), particularly evident in patients treated with chemotherapy, and is independent of MSI status. BRAF status was concordant in all primary tumors and matched metastases (79 wild‐type pairs and two mutant pairs). Clinicopathological and molecular features can identify CRC patients with a higher prevalence of BRAFV600E. Patients with BRAFV600E wild‐type primary tumor do not appear to acquire the mutation in their metastases, and BRAFV600E is associated with poorer outcomes in metastatic patients. Our findings are timely and will help inform the rational development of BRAFV600E inhibitors in CRC.
Rejection of transplanted hearts in patients evaluated by the component analysis of multi‐wavelength NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy
Authors: Chorvat Dusan , Mateasik Anton , Cheng Ying , Poirier Nancy , Miró Joaquim , Dahdah Nagib S. , Chorvatova Alzbeta 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRejection of transplanted hearts remains one of the principal reasons for death of paediatric patients, but an appropriate diagnostic tool for the mild rejection in early stages is still missing. Tissue autofluorescence (AF) is one of the most versatile non‐invasive tools for mapping the metabolic state in living tissues. Increasing interest in the imaging and diagnosis of living cells and tissues based on their intrinsic fluorescence rather than fluorescence labelling is closely connected to the latest developments in high‐performance spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. In this contribution, we investigate individual components in spectrally‐ and time‐resolved NAD(P)H fluorescence, revealed by linear unmixing, responsible for increased fluorescence in patients presenting mild rejection of transplanted hearts. Application of such approach has the potential to improve the diagnostics of the cardiac transplant rejection by helping currently used histological analysis. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural changes of human serum albumin in response to a low concentration of heavy ions
Authors: Saha Anushree , Yakovlev Vladislav V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLead ions in solution interact strongly with human serum albumin and modify the properties and function of albumin molecules. In the present study, we used optical spectroscopic techniques to explore the binding sites of lead, present in albumin. Structural and chemical analysis of albumin molecules using fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy, predicted the modification of two major amino acids in albumin due to lead binding. No secondary structural changes are observed in the protein molecule, which is further confirmed using circular dichroism absorption measurements. The results indicate that loss of charge from the binding site of albumin by the charged lead ions, give rise to dipole interaction which acts as the major contributor to promote protein agglomeration. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photothermal bundle measurement of phantoms and blood as a proof of concept for oxygenation saturation measurement
Authors: Milstein Yonat , Tepper Michal , David Moshe Ben , Harrington James A. , Gannot Israel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study objective is to validate a method for the measurement of two compound phantoms as a proof of concept for oxygen saturation level measurement via a thermal imaging bundle. The method consists of a thermal imaging system and an algorithm which estimates the compound concentration according to temperature rise. A temperature rise is obtained by illuminating the tissue with a laser with different wavelengths in the NIR range and measured using a thermal camera. A coherent thermal imaging bundle was used for image transmittance for minimal invasive transendoscopic use. The algorithm's estimation ability was evaluated using agar phantoms of varying Methylene Blue and ICG ratios as well as blood samples The Methylene Blue ratio in each phantom was estimated and the calculated average RMS of the error was 9.38%, a satisfying value for this stage, verifying the algorithm's and bundle's suitability for the use in a minimal invasive system. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Relationships between vascular calcification, calcium metabolism, bone density, and fractures
Authors: Wang Tom KM , Bolland Mark J , Pelt Niels C van , Horne Anne M , Mason Barbara H , Ames Ruth W , Grey Andrew B , Ruygrok Peter N , Gamble Greg D , Reid Ian R 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Factors involved with calcium metabolism, such as serum calcium and phosphate and calcium intake, have been associated with vascular disease in different populations. We investigated whether this association is mediated via increased vascular calcification by assessing relationships between these factors and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and coronary artery calcification (CAC). A total of 1471 healthy postmenopausal women participated in a 5-year randomized, placebo-controlled trial of calcium 1 g/day, and 323 healthy middle-aged and older men participated in a 2-year randomized, placebo-controlled trial of calcium 600 or 1200 mg/day. AAC was assessed on vertebral morphometric images at baseline and follow-up. Based on computed tomography, 163 men had CAC assessed, on average, 1.5 years after study completion. In elderly women, AAC was positively related to serum calcium (p &lt; .001), phosphate (p = .04), and the calcium-phosphate product (p = .003), but changes in AAC over time and incidence of cardiovascular events were not related to these variables. In middle-aged men, AAC and CAC were not consistently related to these variables. Neither dietary calcium intake nor calcium supplementation was associated with changes in the prevalence of AAC over time, and calcium supplementation also was not related to CAC scores in men. After adjusting for age, AAC was not associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) at baseline, changes in BMD over time, or fracture incidence. CAC also was not related to baseline BMD. In summary, serum calcium and phosphate are associated with AAC in older women, but dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation were not associated with changes in AAC over 2 to 5 years. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of quinolone derivatives and related compounds
Authors: Pednekar Suhas , Pandey Anil Kumar 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified image The Gould‐Jacob type of reaction for the synthesis of ethyl 5‐ethyl‐8‐oxo‐5,8‐dihydro‐[1,3]‐dioxolo[4,5‐g]quinoline‐7‐carboxylate 4 has been carried out conventionally by the condensation between N‐ethyl‐3,4‐methylenedioxyaniline 1 and diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate 2 gave the unsaturated ester 3 and thermal cyclization in refluxing diphenyl oxide gave quinolone ethyl ester 4 and the results obtained were compared with single step microwave irradiation under solvent free conditions for the synthesis of 4. The esters on basic hydrolysis formed free acid 5, which, upon treatment with thionyl chloride gave the acid chloride 6. Treatment of acid chloride with o‐phenylenediamine, hydrazine hydrate, ammonia, urea, and thiourea gave the amides (7, 8, 9, 10, 11). CS2 treatment in presence of KOH on 8 gave 12. We prepared 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 derivatives by conventional as well as microwave irradiation. These compounds have been characterized on the basis of IR, 1H NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. All the compounds prepared herein were screened for their antibacterial activity. Compounds 4, 5 possess promising antibacterial activity and compound 8 showed significant antibacterial activity. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Stereoselective synthesis of cyclopropyl indolyl ketones with indolylidene and arsonium ylide
Authors: Zhou Dong , Ren Zhongjiao , Cao Weiguo , Chen Jie , Liu Ying , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified image An efficient approach for stereoselective synthesis of cyclopropyl indolyl ketone from olefin and arsonium ylied was achieved. Its advantages are of mild condition, high yield, and good stereoselectivity. In addition, the one‐pot cycloproparation of olefins with bromides and triphenylarsine was studied. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Psychology 2.0: Harnessing social networking, user‐generated content, and crowdsourcing
Authors: Moriarty Glendon L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe goal of Web 2.0 is to work with the World Wide Web rather than against it. That is, it should design services and applications that harness the inherent strengths of the Web rather than create services that view the Web only as an afterthought rather than as a strategic piece of the overall enterprise. This article contrasts Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 and discusses ways that psychologists can harness Web 2.0 trends like crowdsourcing, user‐generated content, and social networking.