bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term effects of elevated CO2 on the nutrition provided to parasitoids by their herbivorous hosts
Authors: Najar‐Rodriguez Adriana Jeannette , Lacorazza Sara , Klaiber Jeannine , Avila Gonzalo Andres , Zhang Jinping , Ma Chun‐Sen , Ma Gang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), a consequence of anthropogenic global change, may profoundly interfere with natural ecological processes, perhaps even interactions across trophic levels. Even the survival prospects of organisms at higher trophic levels could be affected, as follows. We showed previously that the endoparasitoid Diaeretiella rapae, a specialized parasitoid of the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae, exposed to elevated CO2 concentrations (800 ppm) for up to 10 weeks, performed far worse (e.g., lower survival and parasitism rates) compared with ambient CO2 (400 ppm). To investigate whether these CO2‐related effects in the parasitoids were mediated by changes in the quality of the aphids as hosts, we measured the nutritional and energy content of cabbage aphids under the above conditions. Specifically, we measured lipid, protein and water‐soluble carbohydrate concentrations. We tested the hypothesis that when insects feed from plants with altered nutritional content, they incur a cost in dealing with such biotic stresses. That cost reduces their metabolic well‐being and, thus, reduces their nutritional status with respect to parasitoids developing at their expense. We found that CO2 had significant effects on aphid body mass (i.e., wet weight) and chemical composition, with elevated CO2 concentrations reducing aphid mass by more than 50%. Aphids grown under elevated CO2 also had significantly reduced soluble carbohydrates but significantly more lipids, on a weight‐per‐weight basis, than aphids grown under ambient CO2. A significant decrease in total energy reserves (i.e., the sum of total proteins, lipids, and water‐soluble carbohydrates) thus typified aphids grown under elevated CO2. Our results contribute to explaining the impaired performance of the aphid B. brassicae and its parasitoid D. rapae previously reported under elevated CO2, and provide evidence that under future climate change, host plants might affect the development and performance of parasitoids through their impacts on the nutritional quality of their herbivorous hosts.
From primary HPV infection to carcinoma in situ: A mathematical approach to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Bitsouni Vasiliki , Gialelis Nikolaos , Stratis Ioannis G. , Tsilidis Vasilis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the development of abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix, caused by a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Although in most of the cases it is resolved by the immune system, a small percentage of people might develop a more serious CIN which, if left untreated, can develop into cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally, for which the World Health Organization (WHO) recently adopted the Global Strategy for cervical cancer elimination by 2030. With this research topic being more imperative than ever, in this paper, we develop a nonlinear mathematical model describing the CIN progression. The model consists of partial differential equations describing the dynamics of epithelial, dysplastic, and immune cells, as well as the dynamics of viral particles. We use our model to explore numerically three important factors of dysplasia progression, namely, the geometry of the cervix, the strength of the immune response, and the frequency of viral exposure.
Insights into the activity of cefiderocol against PER-2 producing Enterobacterales
Authors: Ruggiero Melina , Briceño Muñoz Ivan , Gutkind Gabriel , Hujer Andrea M. , Bonomo Robert A. , Power Pablo 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

The PER-2 β-lactamase is a unique class A enzyme conferring broad spectrum cephalosporin resistance. In this study, we explored the stability of cefiderocol (FDC) against PER-2 β-lactamase to gain insights into structure activity relationships (SAR) of this synthetic siderophore-conjugated antibiotic. Herein, we show that the MICs of FDC for PER-2 producing isolates and transformants ranged between 0.125 and 64 µg/mL; diazabicyclooctanes (DBOs) reduced the MIC values. In PER-2 mutants, MIC values decreased up to 10–12 dilutions in agreement with previous observations especially in the case of Arg220 substitutions. Catalytic efficiency for PER-2 was 0.072 µM
−1
s
−1
, comparable with PER-1 (0.046 µM
−1
s
−1
) and NDM-1 (0.067 µM
−1
s
−1
).
In silico
models revealed that FDC within the active site of PER-2 demonstrates unique interactions as a result of the inverted Ω loop fold and extension of the β3-β4 connecting loop.
Pharmacological activation of TLR7 exerts inhibition on the replication of EV-D68 in respiratory cells
Authors: Li Huili , Huang Yuehan , Yang Qingran , Zhang Zhe , Shen Siyu , Guo Haoran , Wei Wei 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

The globally reemerging respiratory pathogen enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is implicated in outbreaks of severe respiratory illness and associated with acute flaccid myelitis. However, there remains a lack of effective treatments for EV-D68 infection. In this work, we found that the host Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) proteins, which function as powerful innate immune sensors, were selectively elevated in expression in response to EV-D68 infection. Subsequently, we investigated the impact of Vesatolimod (GS-9620), a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist, on EV-D68 replication. Our findings revealed that EV-D68 infection resulted in increased mRNA levels of TLR7. Treatment with Vesatolimod significantly inhibited EV-D68 replication [half maximal effective concentration (EC
50
) = 0.1427 µM] without inducing significant cytotoxicity at virucidal concentrations. Although Vesatolimod exhibited limited impact on EV-D68 attachment, it suppressed RNA replication and viral protein synthesis after virus entry. Vesatolimod broadly inhibited the replication of circulating isolated strains of EV-D68. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that treatment with Vesatolimod conferred resistance to both respiratory and neural cells against EV-D68 infection. Overall, these results present a promising strategy for drug development by pharmacologically activating TLR7 to initiate an antiviral state in EV-D68-infected cells selectively.

IMPORTANCE
Conventional strategies for antiviral drug development primarily focus on directly targeting viral proteases or key components, as well as host proteins involved in viral replication. In this study, based on our intriguing discovery that enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infection specifically upregulates the expression of immune sensor Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) protein, which is either absent or expressed at low levels in respiratory cells, we propose a potential antiviral approach utilizing TLR7 agonists to activate EV-D68-infected cells into an anti-viral defense state. Notably, our findings demonstrate that pharmacological activation of TLR7 effectively suppresses EV-D68 replication in respiratory tract cells through a TLR7/MyD88-dependent mechanism. This study not only presents a promising drug candidate and target against EV-D68 dissemination but also highlights the potential to exploit unique alterations in cellular innate immune responses induced by viral infections, selectively inducing a defensive state in infected cells while safeguarding uninfected normal cells from potential adverse effects associated with therapeutic interventions.
Retrospective study investigating naloxone prescribing and cost in US Medicaid and Medicare patients
Authors: Manko Christopher D , Ahmed Mohamed S , Harrison Lavinia R , Kodavatiganti Srivastava A , Lugo Noelia , Konadu Jason Osei , Khan Farrin , Massari Carrie A , Sealey Tenisha K , Addison Maame Efua , Mbah Celine N , McCall Kenneth L , Fraiman Joseph B , Piper Brian J 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundOpioid overdoses in the USA have increased to unprecedented levels. Administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone can prevent overdoses.ObjectiveThis study was conducted to reveal the pharmacoepidemiologic patterns in naloxone prescribing to Medicaid patients from 2018 to 2021 as well as Medicare in 2019.DesignObservational pharmacoepidemiologic studySettingUS Medicare and Medicaid naloxone claimsInterventionThe Medicaid State Drug Utilisation Data File was utilised to extract information on the number of prescriptions and the amount prescribed of naloxone at a national and state level. The Medicare Provider Utilisation and Payment was also utilised to analyse prescription data from 2019.Outcome measuresStates with naloxone prescription rates that were outliers of quartile analysis were noted.ResultsThe number of generic naloxone prescriptions per 100 000 Medicaid enrollees decreased by 5.3%, whereas brand naloxone prescriptions increased by 245.1% from 2018 to 2021. There was a 33.1-fold difference in prescriptions between the highest (New Mexico=1809.5) and lowest (South Dakota=54.6) states in 2019. Medicare saw a 30.4-fold difference in prescriptions between the highest (New Mexico) and lowest states (also South Dakota) after correcting per 100 000 enrollees.ConclusionsThis pronounced increase in the number of naloxone prescriptions to Medicaid patients from 2018 to 2021 indicates a national response to this widespread public health emergency. Further research into the origins of the pronounced state-level disparities is warranted.
Cost analysis for initiating an integrated package of essential non-communicable disease interventions (PEN-Plus) in Kondoa District Hospital, Tanzania: a time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) study protocol
Authors: Ndumwa Harrieth Peter , Mori Amani Thomas , Ruhago George Mugambage , Willilo Ritha , McBain Ryan , Boudreaux Chantelle , Wroe Emily , Adler Alma J , Bukhman Gene , Mayige Mary Theodory , Kaarboe Oddvar 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) constitute approximately 74% of global mortality, with 77% of these deaths occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. Tanzania exemplifies this situation, as the percentage of total disability-adjusted life years attributed to NCDs has doubled over the past 30 years, from 18% to 36%. To mitigate the escalating burden of severe NCDs, the Tanzanian government, in collaboration with local and international partners, seeks to extend the integrated package of essential interventions for severe NCDs (PEN-Plus) to district-level facilities, thereby improving accessibility. This study aims to estimate the cost of initiating PEN-Plus for rheumatic heart disease, sickle cell disease and type 1 diabetes at Kondoa district hospital in Tanzania.Methods and analysisWe will employ time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) to quantify the capacity cost rates (CCR), and capital and recurrent costs associated with the implementation of PEN-Plus. Data on resource consumption will be collected through direct observations and interviews with nurses, the medical officer in charge and the heads of laboratory and pharmacy units/departments. Data on contact times for targeted NCDs will be collected by observing a sample of patients as they move through the care delivery pathway. Data cleaning and analysis will be done using Microsoft Excel.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval to conduct the study has been waived by the Norwegian Regional Ethics Committee and was granted by the Tanzanian National Health Research Ethics Committee NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/4475. A written informed consent will be provided to the study participants. This protocol has been disseminated in the Bergen Centre for Ethics and Priority Setting International Symposium, Norway and the 11th Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Scientific Conference, Tanzania in 2023. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals for use by the academic community, researchers and health practitioners.
Evaluating the effect of a mobile-based symptom monitoring system for improving physical function in patients with cancer during chemotherapy: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lee Mangyeong , Kang Danbee , Um Yesol , Jo Bokyung , Rhue Jeong , Park Sehhoon , Lee Yoo-Young , Noh Joseph J , Lee Yun-Gyoo , Koo Dong-Hoe , Park Kyong-Hwa , Lee Soohyeon , Ahn Jin Seok , Oh Dongryul , Cho Juhee 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionSymptoms due to chemotherapy are common in patients with cancer. Cancer-related symptoms are closely associated with the deterioration of physical function which can be associated with decreased quality of life and increased mortality. Thus, timely symptom identification is critical for improving cancer prognosis and survival. Recently, remote symptom monitoring system using digital technology has demonstrated its effects on symptom control or survival. However, few studies examined whether remote monitoring would contribute to retaining physical function among patients with cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile-based symptom monitoring in improving physical function among patients with cancer under chemotherapy.Methods and analysisThis study is a multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. We will recruit 372 patients at three tertiary hospitals located in Seoul, South Korea. Study participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving the ePRO-CTCAE app and a control group receiving routine clinical practice only. The primary outcome is changes in physical function from commencement to completion of planned chemotherapy. A linear mixed model will be performed under the intention-to-treat principle. The secondary outcomes include physical activity level; changes in pain interference; changes in depressive symptom; unplanned clinical visits; additional medical expenditure for symptom management; completion rate of planned chemotherapy; changes in symptom burden and health-related quality of life; and 1-year overall mortality.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the institutional review board and ethics committee at the three university hospitals involved in this trial. Written informed consent will be obtained from all the participants. The results of the trial will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed academic journals and disseminated through relevant literatures.Trial registration numberKCT0007220.
Examining relationships between adverse childhood experiences and coping during the cost-of-living crisis using a national cross-sectional survey in Wales, UK
Authors: Hughes Karen , Bellis Mark A , Cresswell Katie , Hill Rebecca , Ford Kat , Hopkins Joanne C 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can affect individuals’ resilience to stressors and their vulnerability to mental, physical and social harms. This study explored associations between ACEs, financial coping during the cost-of-living crisis and perceived impacts on health and well-being.DesignNational cross-sectional face-to-face survey. Recruitment used a random quota sample of households stratified by health region and deprivation quintile.SettingHouseholds in Wales, UK.Participants1880 Welsh residents aged ≥18 years.MeasuresOutcome variables were perceived inability to cope financially during the cost-of-living crisis; rising costs of living causing substantial distress and anxiety; and self-reported negative impact of rising costs of living on mental health, physical health, family relationships, local levels of antisocial behaviour and violence, and community support. Nine ACEs were measured retrospectively. Socioeconomic and demographic variables included low household income, economic inactivity, residential deprivation and activity limitation.ResultsThe prevalence of all outcomes increased strongly with ACE count. Perceived inability to cope financially during the cost-of-living crisis increased from 14.0% with 0 ACEs to 51.5% with 4+ ACEs. Relationships with ACEs remained after controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors. Those with 4+ ACEs (vs 0 ACEs) were over three times more likely to perceive they would be unable to cope financially and, correspondingly, almost three times more likely to report substantial distress and anxiety and over three times more likely to report negative impacts on mental health, physical health and family relationships.ConclusionsSocioeconomically deprived populations are recognised to be disproportionately impacted by rising costs of living. Our study identifies a history of ACEs as an additional vulnerability that can affect all socioeconomic groups. Definitions of vulnerability during crises and communications with services on who is most likely to be impacted should consider childhood adversity and history of trauma.
Differences in bone mineral density and associated factors in dancers and other female athletes
Authors: Critchley Meghan L. , Toomey Clodagh , Gabel Leigh , Kenny Sarah J. , Emery Carolyn A. 
Published: May 2024

Dancers are susceptible to relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S), specifically low bone mineral density (BMD). Little is known about how dancers’ BMD compares to other athletic populations. The objective of this study was to examine the association between participant characteristics and total body areal BMD (aBMD) among female pre-professional dancers compared to other female athletes. Two hundred sixty-nine females (132 pre-professional dancers (17.6 (3.2) years) and 137 sport participants (22.8 (2.6) years) were included in this study. aBMD (g/cm2) was estimated using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the association between height-adjusted z-scores of total body aBMD (aBMD-Z) and age (years), body mass index (BMI) ( z-score), supplement intake, history of stress fracture, irregular menses, MRI/bone scan, 1-year injury history, oral contraceptives, and activity (dance/sport). Total body aBMD and aBMD-Z were lower in dancers than athletes (dancers: aBMD = 1.03 g/cm2 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.05); aBMD-Z = −0.28 (−0.43, −0.12) ( p < 0.001); athletes: aBMD = 1.14 g/cm2 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.16); aBMD-Z = 0.41 (0.25, 0.57) ( p < 0.001)). aBMD-Z increased with age (β = 0.054, 95% CI: 0.017, 0.092; p = 0.004) and BMI (β = 0.221, 95% CI: 0.006, 0.415; p = 0.043). Activity type modified the relationship between BMI and aBMD-Z (β = 0.323, 95% CI: 0.025, 0.621; p < 0.033) with a stronger positive association in dancers, compared to other female athletes. Dancers had lower total body aBMD and aBMD-Z than other female athletes. aBMD-Z increases with age in female pre-professional dancers and other female athletes. A stronger association exists between aBMD-Z and BMI in dancers than athletes. Future studies should consider changes in aBMD-Z during adolescence and associations with increased risk of bone injury.
A revisit on the hydrogen atom induced by a uniform static electric field
Authors: Anh-Tai Tran Duong , Khang Le Minh , Duy Vy Nguyen , Truong Thu D.H. , Pham Vinh N.T. 
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we revisit the Stark effect of the hydrogen atom induced by a uniform static electric field. In particular, a general formula for the integral of associated Laguerre polynomials was derived by applying the method for Hermite polynomials of degree n proposed in the work (Anh-Tai T.D. et al., 2021 AIP Advances 11 085310). The quadratic Stark effect is obtained by applying this formula and the time-independent non-degenerate perturbation theory to hydrogen. Using the Siegert state method, numerical calculations are performed and serve as data for benchmarking. The comparisons are then illustrated for the ground and some highly excited states to provide an insightful look at the applicable limit and precision of the quadratic Stark effect formula for other atoms with comparable properties.
The impact of LHC jet and Z $$p_T$$ data at up to approximate N$${}^3$$LO order in the MSHT global PDF fit
Authors: Cridge T. , Harland-Lang L. A. , Thorne R. S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present an analysis of two key sets of data constraining the high x gluon at up to approximate N$${}^3$$

3

LO in QCD within the MSHT global PDF fitting framework. We begin with LHC 7 and 8 TeV inclusive jet and dijet production at both NNLO and aN$${}^3$$

3

LO. This makes use of the formalism established in the previous global MSHT20aN$${}^3$$

3

LO PDF fit, but now considers the role of dijet production for the first time at this order. We present a detailed comparison of the fit quality and PDF impact for both cases, and consider the role that electroweak corrections, and the scale choice for inclusive jet production has. Some mild tension between these data sets in the impact on the high x gluon is seen at NNLO, but this is largely eliminated at aN$${}^3$$

3

LO. While a good fit quality to the dijet data is achieved at both orders, the fit quality to the inclusive jet data is relatively poor. We examine the impact of including full colour corrections in a global PDF fit for the first time, finding this to be relatively mild. We also revisit the fit to the ATLAS 8 TeV Z$$p_T$$

p
T

data, considering the role that the $$p_T$$

p
T

cuts, data selection and different aspects of the aN$${}^3$$

3

LO treatment have on the fit quality and PDF impact. We observe that in all cases the aN$${}^3$$

3

LO fit quality is consistently improved relative to the NNLO, indicating a clear preference for higher order theory for these data.
Prostate MRI Was Negative—What's Next?
Authors: Seibert Tyler M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The primary benefit of prostate MRI in the modern diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer is that many men with elevated serum PSA can safely avoid an immediate biopsy if the MRI is nonsuspicious. It is less clear, though, how these patients should be followed thereafter. Are they to be followed the same as the general population, or do they warrant more attention because of the risk of a cancer missed on MRI? In this issue, Pylväläinen and colleagues report on incidence of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) and clinically insignificant PCa (ciPCa) among patients who were referred for prostate MRI for clinical suspicion of csPCa in Helsinki but had a nonsuspicious MRI (nMRI). Compared with the general population in Finland, patients who had nMRI were approximately 3.4 times more likely to be diagnosed with csPCa and 8.2 times more likely to be diagnosed with ciPCa. Balancing the competing risks of a missed csPCa versus overdiagnosis in patients after nMRI requires integration of MRI and other risk factors, especially age and PSA density. This integration may be facilitated by multivariable models and quantitative pathology and imaging.
See related article by Pylväläinen et al., p. 749