bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remdesivir: A Quick Review of Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Tolou-Ghamari Zahra 
Published: April 2024

Background::
In the year 2009, Remdesivir or Veklury was discovered by Gilead Sciences for the management of hepatitis C, Ebola and Marburg virus disease
through injection into a vein and then a few years later, 22nd Oct 2020 (United States), the drug was recommended for the management of
COVID-19 under a provisional guideline.

Objective::
The aim of this systematic review was to address pharmacotherapy approaches associated with the efficacy and side effects of remdesivir for the
treatment of viral infections.

Methods::
This is a focused, in-depth consequent guide approach and literature search, with a methodical assessment associated with the terms “Remdesivir,”
“ Remdesivir Bioavailability,” “Remdesivir and Disease,” “ Remdesivir and COVID-19” that was done through Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of
Science from their inception to 2023.

Results::
105 studies included in silico, in-vivo, and in-vitro experiments to test remdesivir therapeutic efficacy were selected based on the current,
knowledgeable, and high-quality topics of manuscripts. Regarding efficacy, in addition to COVID-19, remdesivir shows therapeutic efficacy in
other virus infections, such as hepatitis C, Ebola, and Marburg. In patients with COVID-19, remdesivir shortens the time to recovery, lowering
progression to mechanical ventilation and decreasing hospital resources. Combination with dexamethasone in selected patients who need minimal
conventional oxygen but are at high risk of severe COVID-19 was reported beneficial. Combination with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine may
cause a decrease in the antiviral activity of remdesivir, but dexamatason reported minimal or no reduction in drug exposure. However, synergistic
effects were reported in combination with favipiravir, but methotrexate toxicity needs to be evaluated. Significant improvement in 'patients'
conditions was reported in combination with methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Infusion-related reactions such as nausea, elevated liver enzymes,
sweating, and hypotension are the most common side effects.

Conclusion::
Different studies showed that with remdesivir pharmacotherapy, in addition to significant improvement in the recovery rate in those with
COVID-19, the risk of adverse effects was significantly lower than in the control groups. To verify efficacy and side effects, besides attentive
consideration of kidney and liver function, further evidence-based pharmacotherapy studies of remdesivir seem advantageous.
Expression and Purification of His-Tagged Variants of Human Hepatitis A
Virus 3C Protease
Authors: Karaseva Maria A. , Gramma Vladislav A. , Safina Dina R. , Lunina Natalia A. , Komissarov Alexey A. , Kostrov Sergey V. , Demidyuk Ilya V. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Protease 3C (3Cpro) is the only protease encoded in the human hepatitis
A virus genome and is considered as a potential target for antiviral drugs due to its critical role in
the viral life cycle. Additionally, 3Cpro has been identified as a potent inducer of ferroptosis, a
newly described type of cell death. Therefore, studying the molecular mechanism of 3Cpro functioning
can provide new insights into viral-host interaction and the biological role of ferroptosis.
However, such studies require a reliable technique for producing the functionally active recombinant
enzyme.

Objective:
Here, we expressed different modified forms of 3Cpro with a hexahistidine tag on the
N- or C-terminus to investigate the applicability of Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography
(IMAC) for producing 3Cpro.

Methods:
We expressed the proteins in Escherichia coli and purified them using IMAC, followed
by gel permeation chromatography. The enzymatic activity of the produced proteins was assayed
using a specific chromogenic substrate.

Results:
Our findings showed that the introduction and position of the hexahistidine tag did not affect
the activity of the enzyme. However, the yield of the target protein was highest for the variant
with seven C-terminal residues replaced by a hexahistidine sequence.

Conclusion:
We demonstrated the applicability of our approach for producing recombinant, enzymatically
active 3Cpro.
Construction of GPC3-modified Lipopolymer SiRNA Delivery System
Authors: Sun Dandan , Li Xiaoyu , Liu Yaru , Quan Jishan , Jin Guangyu 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Gene therapy has been widely concerned because of its unique therapeutic mechanism.
However, due to the lack of safe and effective carries, it has not been widely used in clinical practice.
Glypican 3 (GPC3) is a highly specific proteoglycan for hepatocellular carcinoma and is a potential diagnostic
and therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. Herein, to monitor the effect of gene therapy and enhance
the transfection efficiency of gene carriers, GPC3-modified lipid polyethyleneimine-modified superparamagnetic
nanoparticle (GLPS), a type of visualized carrier for siRNA (small-interfering RNA) targeting the liver,
was prepared.

Methods:
We performed in vitro gene silencing, cytotoxicity, and agarose gel electrophoresis to identify the
optimal GLPS formulation. In vitro MRI and Prussian blue staining verified the liver-targeting function of
GLPS. We also analyzed the biocompatibility of GLPS by co-culturing with rabbit red blood cells. Morphological
changes were evaluated using HE staining.

Results:
The GLPS optimal formulation consisted of LPS and siRNA at a mass ratio of 25:1 and LPS and
DSPE-PEG-GPC3 at a molar ratio of 2:3. GLPS exhibited evident liver-targeting function. In vitro, we did not
observe morphological changes in red blood cells or hemolysis after co-culture. In vivo, routine blood analysis
revealed no abnormalities after GLPS injection. Moreover, the tissue morphology of the kidney, spleen, and
liver was normal without injury or inflammation.

Conclusion:
GLPS could potentially serve as an effective carrier for liver-targeted MRI monitoring and siRNA
delivery.
COVID-19 Study: A New Principle Discovery
Authors: Lu Da-Yong , Lu Ting-Ren 
Published: April 2024

Abstract::
The impact and burden of coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2) still exists
worldwide. Different knowledge, opinions, and techniques determine the various outcomes and potency
of preventive and therapeutic strategies. COVID-19 infections, long COVID, and the complexity
of treatment variability are challenging issues for therapeutic promotion and cost-effective consideration.
To speed up global efforts against COVID-19, clinical diagnosis, therapeutic selections,
and drug combination studies should be optimized in different ways. The epidemic condition, vaccination,
techniques, and therapeutic options are open to new expeditions. To target infectious and
therapeutic variability, biomedical mechanisms and pathways should be understood. Facilitating and
enhancing new global machinery and roadmap against viral-induced social damages and potential
epidemics should be established for biological and pharmaceutical purposes. Thus, in this study, the
ways of medical translation for COVID-19 treatment are discussed.
Vigilance Needed in Treating a Child with Disseminated TB: A Case Report
Authors: Velmurugan Hemasri , Neelambaram Krishnapriya , Gurunthalingam Meenalotchini Prakash , Chouhan Dushyant , Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Keshari Kar Bikram , Gaikwad Nitin Rewaram 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Tuberculosis is still one of the biggest causes of infection-related death around the world. Disseminated tuberculosis is a potentially fatal disease caused by the haematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. First-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in-clude isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. The first three drugs are known to cause hepatotoxicity.

Case Presentation:
We have, herein, reported a case of Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI) due to anti-tuberculosis therapy in a one-year-old male child with disseminated tuberculosis. He was started on a fixed-dose combination of Anti-tuberculosis Therapy (ATT; isoniazid 50 mg, rifampicin 75 mg, and pyrazinamide 150 mg) and pyridoxine 10 mg orally. Initially, liver pa-rameters were normal, but later on with the course of the treatment, there was a rapid rise in liver enzymes, suggesting liver injury.

Discussion:
The association between liver injury and anti-tuberculosis therapy has been con-firmed by applying various causality association scales. It is obvious that proper treatment of disseminated tuberculosis can avoid the development of drug-resistant strains that can be harm-ful, worsening the prognosis as there are fewer therapeutic alternatives available. At the same time, there is a need to monitor the patient with ATT-induced DILI.

Conclusion:
The diagnosis of tuberculosis in children is difficult because of the mild, nonspe-cific clinical presentation, which usually reflects the implicated underlying organ. In addition to prompt diagnosis and treatment of disseminated TB, careful monitoring is equally important.
Selected Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors and Mental Health of South African Durban-based Refugees: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Thabana Mateisi Wailer , Grace Jeanne Martin 
Published: April 2024

Background
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide, with refugees considered more susceptible to NCDs. Refugees often encounter difficulties in accessing healthcare, resulting in delayed diagnostic assessment and treatment of mental disorders and NCDs, leading to the deterioration of the condition. The study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of risk factors for NCDs and mental health among South African Durban-based refugees.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 121 randomly selected South African Durban-based refugees. Data on the metabolic risk factors for NCDs were collected using a modified version of the World Health Organisation (WHO) STEPwise approach to (NCDs) surveillance (STEPS) instrument. Participants' mental health disorders were determined with a Global Mental Health Assessment Tool-Primary Care Version questionnaire.

Results
A significant 38.80% of participants had normal BMI [x2 (5, n=47) = 82.55, p<.001], 24.0% were overweight [x2 (5, n=29) = 82.55, p<.001], 25.6% were obese class l [x2 (5, n=31) = 82.55, p<.001]. A significant 77.1% [x2 (2, n=64) = 76.79, p<.001] of the participants had desirable cholesterol levels, and 62.3% [x2 (2, n=71) = 44.57, p<.001] had normal fasting glucose levels. A significant 26.1% [x2 (4, n=31) = 64.82, p<.001] and 46.2% [x2 (4, n=55) = 64.82, p<.001] were classified as having hypertension stage I and II, respectively. A non-significant 32.2% and 25.0% experienced depression and anxiety.

Conclusions
The prevalence of hypertension and high BMI levels combined with mental disorders underscores the importance of healthcare service delivery to this vulnerable population in SA.
High-frequency Resonance Suppression of Railway Traction Power Supply
System Based on the Combination of Single-tuned and C-type Filters
Authors: Zhang Haigang , Yin Ming , Zhou Haoqiang , Zeng Song , Wang Zizhuo , Xu Junpeng , Wang Bulai , Zou Jinbai 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Railroad transportation in the actual operation process, there are also
many dangerous accidents caused by resonance, which greatly affect the safety of railroad transportation.
A comprehensive examination of the operational dynamics within the power branch of a
traction substation is imperative for sustaining system equilibrium. Discrepancies between these
facets pose a potential threat to the safety of railway transport. Thus, a meticulous analysis of highfrequency
resonance characteristics and the formulation of effective suppression techniques
become paramount.

Objective:
Harmonics from grid-side locomotive traction braking are scrutinized under different
operational scenarios and different train runs. The aim is to develop an effective harmonic management
strategy to normalize the THD and thus maintain the traction power supply system to
become more stable.

Methods:
This study investigates the high-frequency harmonic resonance characteristics using a
control variable approach. Harmonics and negative sequences generated during locomotive traction
braking under different operating conditions are investigated by means of extensive analysis. These
challenges require the implementation of a harmonic management method. This method uses a
combination of two monotonic filters and a C filter in parallel. This method applies to different operating
conditions and can dynamically adapt harmonics to changes in the number of trains, which
is related to the actual dynamics of the traction power system closely.

Results:
A comparative evaluation of seven operating conditions shows that the filter in this patent
exceeds the efficiency of existing methods. The filter reduces the fluctuations during spectral
changes, and the voltage distortion rate decreases from the previous 2.33% to 0.55%, making it
more adaptable and promising effective harmonic management in high voltage and high current
situations.

Conclusion:
Through multiple simulation tests, a synergistic configuration involving the C-type
filter and two single-tuned parallel connections under regenerative braking conditions emerges.
This refined, patented filter design not only mitigates the impact of negative sequence during the
filtration process but also substantially diminishes high harmonics and THD.
Effects of Source Directivity and Nonlinear Soil Behavior During the January, 1 2024 Noto Earthquake (Mw = 7.5)
Authors: Pavlenko Ol'ga 
Published: April 2024

The earthquake of January 1, 2024 with the epicenter at Noto Peninsula of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan, and the moment magnitude Mw = 7.5 obviously represents an intermediate case between weaker earthquakes with relatively small sources, like the 1995 Kobe and 2000 Tottori earthquakes (Mw ~ 6.7-6.8), showing nonlinear soil response and soil softening (reduction of shear moduli) and stronger earthquakes, like the 2003 Tokachi-Oki and Tohoku earthquakes (Mw ~ 8.3-9.0) with extended sources and source directivity effects, accompanied by soil hardening and generation of high peak ground accelerations (PGA) > 1 g. In this research, based on KiK-net vertical array records (11 sites), models of soil behavior in the near-fault zones of the 2024 Noto earthquake are constructed, i.e. vertical distributions of stresses and strains in soil layers changing with time during strong	motion, which showed nonlinear soil response and reduction of shear moduli in the near-fault zones. At the same time, the waveforms of acceleration time histories indicate the effects of source directivity, when seismic waves, radiated by the crack tip propagated along a~rather long section of the fault plane, arrived to remote sites almost simultaneously, overlap, harden subsurface soils and generate high accelerations on the surface, PGA ~ 2828 Gal at remote ISK006 station.
Eksplorasi Budaya Bali Dalam Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Ipa Ramah Tuna Rungu Wicara di Sekolah Inklusi
Authors: Putu Gede Parma  , Desak Komang Ira Pratiwi  , Gede Wira Bayu  
Published: April 2024

Belum adanya bahan ajar khususnya dalam pembelajaran IPA yang ramah tuna rungu wicara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi budaya Bali dalam pengembangan bahan ajar IPA ramah tuna rungu wicara di sekolah inklusi. Jenis penelitian dengan menggunakan metode penelitian pengembangan. Eksplorasi dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dengan menggunakan model ADDIE. Instrumen yang digunakan lembar penilaian bahan ajar. Subjek penelitian dari ahli isi mata pelajaran, ahli desain pembelajaran, ahli budaya, dan ahli evaluasi dan pendidikan. Teknik analisis data dengan analisis Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah produk berupa bahan ajar Materi IPA yang dilengkapi dengan RPP dan LKPD dengan pengembangan berwawasan budaya Bali. Produk ini sudah divalidasi oleh ahli IPA, ahli desain pembelajaran, ahli budaya Bali, serta ahli evaluasi dan pendidikan, diperoleh hasil dengan nilai CVR dan CVI yaitu 1,00 yang dapat dikategorikan “valid” dan layak untuk diujicoba. Produk ini telah diujicobakan secara terbatas di kelas IV. Simpulan penelitian ini, yaitu produk dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA Tuna Rungu Wicara di sekolah inklusi.
Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif Tipe Quiz Team Melalui Lesson Study Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa
Authors: Kresnawati Dewi , Japa I Gst. Ngurah , Sudatha I Gd Wawan 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar matematika antara kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe quiz team melalui lesson study dan kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa SD kelas V. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu, dengan desain penelitian post-test only control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V SD yang berjumlah 130 siswa. Sampel penelitian ditentukan menggunakan teknik random sampling, sehingga diperoleh kelas V SD yang berjumlah 20 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas V SD berjumlah 40 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Data hasil belajar matematika dikumpulkan menggunakan tes pilihan ganda. Teknik analisis yang digunakan analisis deskriptif dan statistik t-test dengan rumus polled varians. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa thitung (5,90) lebih dari ttabel (2,00172) dan nilai rata - rata kelompok eksperimen 19,5 dan rata-rata kelompok kontrol 15,55 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar matematika antara kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe quiz team melalui lesson study dan kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan model pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa kelas V. Simpulan penelitian bahwa strategi pembelajaran aktif tipe quiz team melalui lesson study berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas V SD.
Interaction of law enforcement agencies within the framework of international cooperation during the gathering electronic evidence of the commission of a crime
Authors: Anheleniuk A. - M. Y. 
Published: April 2024

The article deals with issues related to the interaction of law enforcement agencies within the framework of international cooperation during the gathering of electronic evidence of the commission of a crime. Some aspects of the procedural order of providing/receiving a request for international legal assistance and the procedural activities of joint investigative groups have been analyzed.
Such features of electronic evidence of the commission of a crime as resistance to external interference and the time of preservation of electronic information on a certain medium, which directly affect the vectors of interaction of law enforcement agencies, are singled out.
Attention was drawn to certain normative and legal provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine; Instructions on the organization of the interaction of pretrial investigation bodies with other bodies and units of the National Police of Ukraine in the prevention of criminal offenses, their detection and investigation; of the Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime, which relate to issues of law enforcement cooperation and international cooperation.
The shortcomings of the legal consolidation of certain procedural actions within the framework of international cooperation, which affect the subject of interaction of law enforcement agencies during the gathering of electronic evidence of the commission of a crime, in particular in emergency situations, are indicated. It was established that as a result of gaps in the law, which relate to the procedure for collecting electronic evidence during the investigation of crimes, in some cases, law enforcement agencies are forced to find ways to interact with other subjects on a voluntary basis. However, in the absence of voluntary consent from the other party, such an approach is not effective, and in combination with the overly bureaucratic order of international cooperation, the time spent on its compliance and the peculiarities of electronic evidence may lead to the loss of such evidence.
Taking into account the shortcomings of the legislation, appropriate proposals for amendments and additions to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine were provided.
Bail as a preventive measure in criminal proceedings: procedural- legal aspects and issues
Authors: Ilchenko O. V. , Shulha M. O. 
Published: April 2024

The article examines the role and significance of bail as a preventive measure in criminal proceedings. Procedural and legal aspects of applying this preventive measure are explored, along with the problems arising from its use. Procedural and legal aspects of bail, including its designation, application mechanisms, and limitations, are analyzed in detail.
The study focuses on exploring the mechanisms for determining bail, its role in preventing crimes, and its impact on criminal proceedings. The procedures for bail assignment are analyzed, taking into account the risks arising from possible careless or unfair application of this preventive measure. Risks associated with potential improper or unjustified use of this measure are considered. Identified flaws in assigning bail could lead to violations of the rights of individuals suspected of crimes.
The necessity to refine legislation for determining procedures to establish the legality of pledged funds is highlighted, which is an important issue in criminal proceedings. Specifically, attention is drawn to the European Court of Human Rights decision in the case «V. v. Switzerland» regarding the refusal to apply bail if the individual providing funds fails to provide adequate evidence of their legality. To ensure transparency and effectiveness of preventive measures, it is essential to establish mechanisms to verify the origin of funds used as bail. This would prevent situations where the source of funds remains unknown or when the individual offering bail has a questionable reputation that could compromise the legality of the funds.
Issues in bail application, such as the potential for discrimination, lack of a uniform assignment standard, and the possibility of using bail to pressure suspects or defendants, are discussed.
Emphasis is placed on the importance of a balanced approach to bail application in criminal proceedings, considering the individual circumstances of each case and maintaining a balance between the interests of justice and the protection of the rights of suspects or defendants.
Conclusions and recommendations are made to improve legislation and practices related to bail application, aiming to enhance judicial efficiency and ensure equal conditions for all participants in criminal proceedings. The analysis could serve as a basis for further research and improvements in this field.