bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Violence experience and quality of life in primary schools in Hamburg, Germany
Authors: Schillmoeller Z , Erhart M , Ravens-Sieberer U 
Published: March 2011

Violence in schools (bullying) has repeatedly been in the focus of societal discussions. Public health studies were primarily conducted in secondary schools. This study is the first one in Germany which informs about experiences with violence, practicing violence and attitudes towards violence in primary school children in Hamburg.In November 2005, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in which 1154 primary school children of the third and fourth grade answered a quantitative questionnaire concerning the above issues. In addition to bi- and multivariate analysis, Structural Equation Modelling was conducted to analyse the association between the main latent outcome variables bullying and quality of life.The results show that bullying in primary schools is a common problem. 20% of the third and fourth graders reported having been bullied at least once a week. 5–7% of children admitted to have bullied someone once a week. 25% of the school children reported feeling a low subjective quality of life. While school climate and social support by friends and peers was associated with bullying, gender and socioeconomic conditions did not show any significant association. Only 50% of pupils reported that they would inform adults about their current bullying situation.In conclusion, to improve the violence situation in schools factors influencing the school climate particularly the relationship between teachers and students, needs to be enhanced because these factors in turn influence the social support between the children, thereby preventing or decreasing bullying experiences and improving the subjective quality of life in children.
Association of provisional driver licensing intervention by police with changes in incidence and severity of road traffic injuries in Iran
Authors: Ainy E , Soori H , Nasermoadeli A , Movahedi M , Mehmandar M R , Mahfozphoor S , Masoodeinejad M R , Hatamabadi H R , Azari M Rezazadeh , Vafaee R 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to evaluate the role of provisional driving license implemented by the traffic police of Iran on reducing the incidence and severity of road traffic injuries.MethodsIt was a before-after interventional study. Data on road traffic crashes and injuries from 1 year before, 1 and 2 years after the implementation of provisional driver licensing were obtained from the traffic police database. After data cleaning and stratification of traffic injuries and mortalities, the implementation of graduate driver licensing compared in those in early years of their driving experience.ResultsDrivers under 23 years of age consisted 22.8% of total road traffic injuries (RTIs) in the year prior to the implementation of graduate driver licensing. This proportion reduced to 15.5% and 16.1% in the first and second year after the intervention, respectively, among holders of provisional B1 type driving license (p<0.001).ConclusionThis intervention was effective in reduction of number and intensity of traffic injuries. Young and novitiate drivers are at high risk of RTIs. Provisional driving license program might be a key factor to reduce the incidence and severity of road traffic injuries among them.
Gender-based violence against female pupils at a high school in northern Zambia
Authors: Mtonga R E 
Published: March 2011

SummaryGender-based violence was commonly directed against female pupils by teachers and male pupils using non-consensual sex, corporal punishment and abusive language. The victims didn't report the matter for fear of reprisals.ResultsThe pupils were aged between 10 and 21 years (with majority between 16 and 20 years old) and equal gender representation. 29 (58%) pupils reported being sexually abused by teachers, 29 (58%) cited corporal punishment 27 (56%) ticked abusive language. In 27 (54%) cases, teachers were the main perpetrators, while 22 (44%) pointed at classmates. 10 (43.5%) did not report the matter. Reasons included fear of being expelled from class, the teachers lose their jobs (2 or 8.7%), feared retaliation from fellow classmates and 2 (8.7%) felt sited cultural taboos. In reported cases 8 (29.6%) showed no action was taken and 4 (14.8%) didn't hear any further from the authorities. Five (10%) had unwanted pregnancies, 4 (8%) had contracted sexually transmitted infections. 38 (76%) felt depressed, with 15 (30%) feeling like skipping class and another 2 (4%) contemplating suicide.Discussions and ConclusionsGender-based violence was mainly perpetrated by teachers and pupils against female pupil. Abused pupils feared reprisals hence did not report the matter and when reported no appropriate action was taken. Consequences of gender-based violence included depression, contraction of sexually transmitted infections, unwanted pregnancies and suicidal thoughts.
The feasibility of different task combinations for the assessment of dual task performance in community-dwelling fallers and non-fallers
Authors: Muhaidat J , Skelton D A , Kerr A , Evans J J 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundPoor performance on Dual Task (DT) tests has been identified as a risk factor for falls in older adults.1 There is no consensus on which DT combination best predicts falls.2 Moreover, there is a discrepancy between what older adults perceive as difficult and fall inducing DTs and DTs used in the literature.3AimsTo explore the feasibility of DT tests from the point of view older adults, and to reduce the number of possible DT combinations.MethodSixteen fallers and sixteen non-fallers. Inclusion criteria were as follows: age≤65 years, community dwelling and functionally independent. 49 DT tests were assessed. Examples of the primary tasks used were walking, walking with obstacles and stairs descent. Examples of the secondary tasks were: arithmetic, auditory and visuospatial. Primary and secondary tasks were combined. A questionnaire (10 questions) was administered after each test to assess the feasibility of each test. Questions addressed test difficulty, instructions and relevance to everyday life. DT decrements in the performance of the primary and secondary tasks were measured.ResultsResults will be presented.ConclusionsThis study will draw important conclusions on which DT tests can be used in practice to prospectively assess falls risk in older people.
Multifactorial study of lesions for transport in vulnerable groups-Jujuy-Argentina-Years 2007–2009
Authors: Leinecker L E , Chalabe A , Zumbay B 
Published: March 2011

ObjectivesTo detect different types to generate a short-term politic of prevention in pedestrians' lesions, cyclists and motorcyclists.MethodA multidimensional descriptive study, of transverse cut of the lesions by transport of vulnerable happened in 2007 at 2009 in El Carmen about registrations of the Unit Sentry of lesions, by means of SPAD 4.01 classifying according to vehicle, age group, sex, events and others.ResultsAbove 6950 registrations 530 events were studied; The factorial analysis of multiple correspondences with partition in classes using as active variables to vehicle type, sex, age and activity gave five different classes as a result: bicycles, of 0 to 9 years, passenger, without tally, ambulatory treatment, without elements of security in 24.15%; pedestrians, males, 50 to more years, collision with vehicle, hospitalised 15.09%; motorcyclists, of 10 to 19 years, driver, fall of the vehicle, activity recreation 24.34%; motorcyclists, of 20–39 years, driver, fall, carrying out activities of the daily life 27.92% and 8.49% from 40 to 49 years, males, day and evening schedule, in bicycle or motorcycle, without tally, derived, without security.ConclusionsThe multivaried analysis classifies a complex reality and it puts inadverted regularities and differencies allowing to suggest specific actions in prevention.
The impact of a substance abuse prevention program on occupational injury
Authors: Spicer R , Miller T 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveEvaluate the impact of a workplace program on occupational injury at a large U.S. transportation company.BackgroundPREVENT is a 2-day workshop that aims to help workers ages 18–29 make changes in their lives and improve their quality of life, with an emphasis on substance use and other risk behaviours. Early findings show a reduction in alcohol use among participants compared to non-participants. Given the relationship of alcohol use and other risk behaviours with injury, we evaluate the impact of PREVENT participation on occupational injury.MethodsProspective matched intervention-control study. Occupational injuries among PREVENT participants (intervention group) pre- and postintervention will be compared to that of five matched controls. For each participant, five controls will be selected from 18 to 29 year-old non-participants employed at the same time, matched on job type. Worker and injury information will be compiled from company data. Conditional logistic regression will model the association of occupational injury with PREVENT participation, controlling for worker characteristics and exposure.ResultsBetween January 2004 and June 2009, 264 occupational injuries occurred among 18–29 year-olds at the study company; 48 injuries/year. Between February 2008 and December 2009, 111 workers participated in the PREVENT program. This case–control design is useful because both occupational injury and program participation are relatively rare events.DiscussionThis study continues with final injury data retrieval in June 2010 in order to have a minimum 6 month post-participation period for each participant.
Injuries number three killer of children under 5 years: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) from Pakistan
Authors: Khan U R , Zia N , Razzak J A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundGlobally, around 950 000 children under age of 18 years die due to injury and violence each year. The rate of child injury death is 3.4 times higher in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.ObjectivesTo study injury mortality patterns among children under 5 years of age in Pakistan.MethodsDHS in Pakistan was conducted from September 2006 till February 2007. It included 95 000 households. Child Verbal Autopsy Questionnaires (CVAQs) was administered to households which had death of a child under age 5 from January 2005 onwards. A total of 3232 CVAQs were administered, of which 3101 were completed.ResultsThe main causes of child deaths (the probability of dying between the first and fifth birthday) were diarrhoea (17.7%), pneumonia (16.9%) and injuries (11%). Out of 3101, 90 (2.9%) injury mortalities were reported in children under 5 years. Ratio of injury mortality in urban versus rural areas was 1:3.5. Respondents were mostly parents (67.7%) and illiterate (74.6%). Injury mortalities were common between ages of 15 years (77.8%) and among males (52.2%). Overall, mortality was due to drowning 20 (22.2%), road traffic injuries RTIs 11 (12.2%), fall 11 (12.2%). Mortality in children under 1 year was commonly due to RTIs (5.6%). Frequent injury mortalities between 1 and 5 years were drowning 18 (25.7%) and fall 11 (15.7%). RTIs (19.1%) in boys and drowning (30.2%) in girls were common causes of mortality.ConclusionInjuries are the third most common cause of mortality in Pakistani children between ages 1 and 5 years.
Product-related injuries in elderly persons
Authors: Ellsaesser G , Krampe A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundIn order to improve the statistical basis for estimating the number of injuries across all age groups, the Public Health Institute of Brandenburg has been developing a hospital related injury recording system according to the European Injury Data Base.MethodIn a catchment area of about 150 000 inhabitants (Land Brandenburg) all injured patients admitted to hospital and all outpatients are recorded on 1 day of the week (24 h) according to the European IDB standard. The 12 month prevalence was counted using the official German Hospital Diagnosis Statistics. The share of inpatient sample cases in all hospital patients living in the catchment area according yields as grossing-up factor for the number of outpatient sample cases per year.ResultsWithin a 2-year period 2007–2008 a total of 2149 injured patients at the age of 65 years and older received inpatient or outpatient treatment. The injury rate rose sharply in persons at the age of 80 years and older (47.5 per 1000). In this age group almost one in two falls was caused by the affected person itself. Indoor areas and particularly flooring, stairs, steps and beds ranked among the most frequent safety hazards. Injuries were most frequently triggered by beds as well as by flooring covering or floor surfaces (rugs, mats).ConclusionsEffective accident prevention requires both an individual risk assessment and individual counselling in the home setting.
Reduction in hip fracture admissions over a 10 year period in a Scottish health board with a well established falls and fracture liaison service
Authors: Skelton D A , McLellan A , Burleigh L , Anderson M , Lee A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundGuidelines on reducing falls/fractures 1–4 have been published with the aim of reducing the burden both to health services/individuals. Data on hip fractures are collected centrally and through National Hip Fracture Databases. Within Scotlands National Health Service (NHS), Greater Glasgow and Clyde (GGC) health board have had a phased implementation of a falls and bone health strategy since 1998. The NHSGGC community falls prevention programme currently reviews over 180 patients/month in their own home and over 500 patients/month are seen by the Fracture Liaison/Falls Pharmacy services. This study aimed to compare hospital admissions for hip fracture and due to falls in NHSGGC in the period 1998–2008, with data from NHS Scotland and England.MethodData on admissions were obtained using diagnosis code S72 (Scotland, ISD5; England, HES(6).ResultsBetween 1998 and 2008 the number of admissions for hip fractures decreased by 3.6%, compared to a rise in Scotland (5.1%) and England (16.2%). Standardising the hip fracture admission rate (number of hip fracture admissions/population of those aged ≤65) still shows a 1.7% reduction in NHSGGC over this period. There has also been a reduction in admissions due to falls in ≤65s (in the home 32%, residential institutions 27%, street/highway 40%).ConclusionThe falls and bone health strategy employed by NHSGGC has had a positive reduction on the number of hip fracture admissions and to a greater extent, the number of admissions due to falls over a decade.
Home and leisure accidents observatory: a new French data source
Authors: Dupuy M 
Published: March 2011

Home and leisure accidents (HLA) kill around 19 000 people each year in France. French data collection is mainly based on the EPAC survey, founded by the InVS. Only 10 French hospitals are concerned and it only takes in account the accidents that request going to an emergency unit. Calyxis, centre of risk expertise, has been established as the major French organisation for the last 10 years in the field of HLA and their prevention, which goes from research programs to awareness campaigns directed to the population. Calyxis has been working, for the last 3 years, to set up an observatory of HLA, based on accident statements made by the members of the three most important mutual insurance companies in France. This observatory would have three purposes: to learn more and spread information about HLA, to set up adapted and well targeted prevention policies and to elaborate a new data base complementary of the EPAC survey. This observatory is made of two distinct but complementary systems:Gathering and analysing accidents data: based on the accident and its circumstances, this first measure consist on an annual collection of accident statements of mutual insurance companies.The MAVIE observatory: this surveillance and research system make for the individual follow-up of a sample group of 10 000 voluntary mutualists. It complete the first axis and allows us to determine risk factors.This project is realised in close collaboration with the French National Institute of the Health and the Medical Research (INSERM).
Independent evaluation of the prevention of child injuries through social-intervention and education (PRECISE) programme in Bangladesh
Authors: Towner E , Shuaib M , Shafinaz S 
Published: March 2011

AimTo evaluate the implementation and acceptability of the PRECISE child injury project in Bangladesh.BackgroundEach year in Bangladesh, 30 000 children die from unintentional injuries; drowning is the single leading cause of death in children aged 1–17 years. PRECISE is a community-based project with many interrelated components, including Community crche and SwimSafe programmes, tailored to the Bangladesh environment.MethodsThe intervention has been implemented in four areas, with two control areas. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the evaluation, including a household survey, focus groups and questionnaires, administered to parents, children and service providers. Observation visits were made to randomly selected Creches and SwimSafe centres.Results44 out of 45 Community creches were operating when the observation visit took place and were functioning well. The creches were accepted by the local community, with evidence of untapped demand for places. Observations on SwimSafe centres showed that 23/30 were operating on the day of the visit and were functioning properly. Physical facilities like landing places and swimming platforms were found to be satisfactory. Most of the swimming graduates reportedly had acquired the standard swimming skills (93%) and knowledge of rescue techniques (95%).ConclusionThe interventions were acceptable to the local community, implemented in the manner for which they were designed and contributed to knowledge change, observed and reported behaviour change and modifications to the environment. Tackling unintentional injuries requires coordinated action across health and other sectors, with strong community involvement to enhance sustainability.
Population based estimates of non-fatal injuries in the capital of Iran
Authors: Saadat S 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionHospital data underestimate the incidence of non-fatal injuries.This study is a household survey to estimate the annual incidence and out of pocket medical expenses of non-fatal injuries in capital of Iran with a population of 7.9 million.MethodsA random sample of Tehran households were selected by clustered sampling. They were asked to report injuries happened to household members during the last year and also report related out of pocket medical expenses.The clustered structure of sampling was taken into account during the analysis; confidence intervals were calculated assuming Poisson distribution.Results9100 inhabitants were included. The annual incidence of all injuries was 188.7 (179.9 to 197.8), injuries needing medical care was 68.8 (63.5 to 74.4), fractures was 19.3 (16.6 to 22.4) and injuries resulted in hospitalisation was 16.7 (14.2 to 19.6) per 1000 population. The annual incidence of fatal injuries was 33 (7–96) per 100 000 population.The injury pyramid was 1/50/646 (Death/Hospital admission/All injuries).The mean out of pocket medical expense for injuries was 16.1 USD.Home was the place that most of injurious accidents had happened. Injuries needing medical care mostly happened in the streets and highways.Falls followed by transport accidents were the most common causes of significant injuries.ConclusionNon-fatal injuries impose about 27 billion USD out of pocket medical cost to Tehran population annually. Mandatory safety standards for houses should be considered by civil authorities.
Estimating the burden of injuries in Uganda from all available data sources
Authors: Wandera B , Bhalla K , Abraham J , Lipnick M , Mabweijano J , Nakitto M , Bahcani A , Kobusingye O , Hyder A A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundEstimating injury burden in low income countries is hampered by lack of structured nationally representative data collection systems.ObjectiveTo demonstrate the construction of estimates of the national burden of injuries using a systematic assessment of multiple data sources. The approach harnesses the strength of each source and accounts for biases in data.MethodsWe conducted an environmental scan of all existing data sources that can inform estimates of the incidence of fatal and non-fatal injuries in Uganda. These included:Mortuary data from Kampala city and Mulago hospital mortuaries.Verbal autopsy data from two district health and demographic surveillance systems.Community Injury Survey: conducted in one rural district and one urban district,Uganda National Household Survey.2004 Northern Uganda Baseline Survey.Hospital based trauma surveillance at Mulago hospital.Outputs and Building EstimatesWe estimated national injury mortality from urban rates estimated from mortuary data from Kampala and rural rates based on the two HDSS sites. We estimated the population incidence of non-fatal injuries using the household surveys. Total injury incidence was obtained from the two national health surveys and the external cause disaggregation was computed from the community injury survey. Finally, we used the hospital surveillance data to estimate the distribution of nature of injuries.ConclusionDespite paucity of information, we derived national injury estimates from diverse data sources. Such an approach may have relevance to other low income settings. Development of a comprehensive national health information system that captures injuries is needed in Uganda.
The safety centre – product, education, location
Authors: Smith S J , Phillips K 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionDetroit, like many impoverished cities, does not have stores where families can buy the products, for example, car seats, helmets, smoke alarms, etc, to keep their children safe. When the paediatrician recommends products to protect the child, the family must go to the suburbs to acquire these necessary items. Many of the families in Detroit do not have cars and must obtain a ride from a friend, take the bus or taxi, which is expensive.ImplementationTo remove those barriers, on August 4, 2008, Children's Hospital of Michigan opened The Safety Center to improve the safety of all children by providing education (for staff and families) and safety items at an affordable cost in the communities where the children live. The Safety Center is a permanent location in the hospital, has a mobile kiosk that can be taken to any location and is accessible via the web. Additional Safety Centers are being considered for placement around Southeast Michigan. Education is given to the customer on how to use every item sold. Families, Physicians and hospital staff use the Center as a resource to purchase products and learn the latest in safety products and education. Families can get a safety assessment done and receive a plan of care to keep their family safe. Safety Center staff is consulted to hospital rooms, offsite satellites and even other hospitals to help families with safety issues. Since opening, the Center has helped 2589 families purchase safety products to keep their children safe.