bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamique de la structure économique en Roumanie et l'impact sur le marché du travail
Authors: Jaba Elisabeta , Iatu Corneliu , Pintilescu Carmen 
Published: April 2010

Dans cet article la « visualisation » des changements structurels sur le marché du travail a été réalisée sur la base des résultats de l’analyse de la dimension, de la structure et du dynamisme de certains indicateurs économiques et sociaux ayant un impact sur ce marché. Finalement, on met en évidence la structure actuelle du marché du travail et le dynamisme des changements de ce marché, le profil des régions et des départements de Roumanie selon la population occupée par domaines et secteurs d’activité.
La diffusion de technologies d'irrigation économes en eau à l'île de la Réunion
Authors: Richefort Lionel 
Published: April 2010

L’objet de ce papier est d’identifier et de conceptualiser les facteurs explicatifs de la diffusion de technologies d’irrigation économes en eau à l’île de la Réunion. Une enquête auprès de 116 irrigants combinée à une revue de la littérature nous permet de regrouper ces facteurs-clés en trois axes : les caractéristiques des irrigants, du contexte d’adoption des irrigants et des technologies d’irrigation économes en eau. Deux référentiels théoriques sont ensuite présentés : la théorie néoclassique et l’approche évolutionniste. La complémentarité de chaque référentiel est mise en évidence : alors que la diffusion de l’aspersion en couverture intégrale semble répondre aux critères de diffusion néoclassique, la faible adoption du goutte-à-goutte semble dépendre de facteurs évolutionnistes.
Les déterminants de la représentation transnationale du bassin de vie. Une approche fondée sur l'attachement au lieu des frontaliers luxembourgeois
Authors: Enaux Christophe , Gerber Philippe 
Published: April 2010

Basé sur divers aspects du concept d’attachement, cet article analyse les représentations du bassin de vie des travailleurs frontaliers au Luxembourg. Les résidents allemands, belges et français considèrent-ils les activités effectuées de l’autre côté de la frontière comme un tout relié à celles réalisées dans le pays de résidence ? Si oui, quels facteurs contribuent à la représentation transnationale des bassins de vie ? L’analyse se fonde sur un échantillon stratifié de 2470 frontaliers qui se sont prononcés sur la formation professionnelle, le logement, les mobilités quotidienne et résidentielle, ainsi que l’attachement au lieu, en spécifiant si leur lieu de travail englobait leur bassin de vie. Les résultats de modèles d’équations simultanées montrent des différences culturelles entre les actifs, même si la dimension économique reste prégnante pour tous.
« Participation », accompagnement social et microcrédit logement pour la résorption des bidonvilles au Maroc
Authors: Le Tellier Julien , Guérin Isabelle 
Published: April 2010

Les politiques marocaines de lutte contre l’habitat insalubre donnent la priorité à l’éradication des bidonvilles, misant sur des partenariats multi-acteurs et sur la « participation ». La « participation » articule l’accompagnement social (supposé favoriser l’implication des bénéficiaires dans l’élaboration du projet) et le microcrédit (censé faciliter leur contribution financière). À partir d’une analyse empirique, cet article montre les avancées et les limites de tels dispositifs. L’absence de définition claire des responsabilités des parties prenantes et les divergences de points de vue sur la notion de participation ralentissent les opérations. In fine, l’accompagnement social sert surtout au recouvrement d’une partie des coûts auprès des ménages (participation marchande). L’offre de services microfinanciers demeure en inadéquation par rapport aux besoins et concentrée sur la population la moins vulnérable. Cependant, encourager les organismes de microcrédit à financer les plus pauvres ne semble guère souhaitable : une partie de la clientèle apparaît déjà aux franges du surendettement.
Déréglementation des services de télécommunications en République Démocratique du Congo et inégale répartition des ressources
Authors: Kiambu Di Tuema Jacques 
Published: April 2010

La déréglementation (ouverture à la concurrence et privatisation) des services de télécommunications en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) devrait favoriser la modernisation des réseaux, la diffusion et la diversification des services, la baisse des prix au profit des usagers et l’homogénéisation du territoire national. À la lumière de l’expérience congolaise, peut-on aujourd’hui dire que cette réforme a abouti aux résultats escomptés ? Comment se répartissent les services de télécommunications étudiés (le téléphone fixe et mobile) sur les plans quantitatifs et géographiques en RDC ? Cet article apporte quelques éléments de réponses aux conséquences économiques et sociales perceptibles de cette déréglementation, et analyse les stratégies des opérateurs dans un environnement libéralisé et mondialisé. Une large place est consacrée à l’étude des fondements théoriques de la localisation des services de télécommunications.
IL-17A–Producing γδ T and Th17 Lymphocytes Mediate Lung Inflammation but Not Fibrosis in Experimental Silicosis
Authors: Lo Re Sandra , Dumoutier Laure , Couillin Isabelle , Van Vyve Charlotte , Yakoub Yousof , Uwambayinema Francine , Marien Benoît , van den Brûle Sybille , Van Snick Jacques , Uyttenhove Catherine , Ryffel Bernard , Renauld Jean-Christophe , Lison Dominique , Huaux François 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
IL-17–producing T lymphocytes play a crucial role in inflammation, but their possible implication in fibrosis remains to be explored. In this study, we examined the involvement of these cells in a mouse model of lung inflammation and fibrosis induced by silica particles. Upregulation of IL-17A was associated with the development of experimental silicosis, but this response was markedly reduced in athymic, γδ T cell-deficient or CD4+ T cell-depleted mice. In addition, γδ T lymphocytes and CD4+ T cells, but not macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells or CD8 T cells, purified from the lungs of silicotic mice markedly expressed IL-17A. Depletion of alveolar macrophages or neutralization of IL-23 reduced upregulation of IL-17A in the lung of silicotic mice. IL-17R–deficient animals (IL-17R−/−) or IL-17A Ab neutralization, but not IL-22−/− mice, developed reduced neutrophil influx and injury during the early lung response to silica. However, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and TGF-β expression induced by silica were not attenuated in the absence of IL-17R or -22 or after IL-17A Ab blockade. In conclusion, a rapid lung recruitment of IL-17A–producing T cells, mediated by macrophage-derived IL-23, is associated with experimental silicosis in mice. Although the acute alveolitis induced by silica is IL-17A dependent, this cytokine appears dispensable for the development of the late inflammatory and fibrotic lung responses to silica.
DAP12 Is Required for Macrophage Recruitment to the Lung in Response to Cigarette Smoke and Chemotaxis toward CCL2
Authors: Koth Laura L. , Cambier C.J. , Ellwanger Almut , Solon Margaret , Hou Lydia , Lanier Lewis L. , Abram Clare L. , Hamerman Jessica A. , Woodruff Prescott G. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
DAP12 is an adapter protein that associates with several receptors in macrophages. Little is known about the biological role of DAP12 in alveolar macrophages. In genome-wide profiling, we previously found that two DAP12-associated receptors, myeloid DAP12-associated lectin-1 and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), were highly induced in alveolar macrophages from habitual smokers. Here, we found that transcript levels for these receptors in alveolar macrophages increased with packs per day of cigarettes smoked and expression of TREM2 protein was increased in lung macrophages of former smokers with emphysema compared with that in controls. In vitro, cigarette smoke directly induced expression of myeloid DAP12-associated lectin-1 and TREM2 and activation of DAP12 signaling in mouse macrophages. To determine whether DAP12 plays a role in cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation, we exposed wild-type and DAP12-deficient mice to chronic cigarette smoke and found significant reduction in recruitment of alveolar macrophages in DAP12-deficient mice. Because cigarette smoking induces the macrophage chemoattractant CCL2, we tested the chemotactic ability of DAP12-deficient macrophages and found abrogation of chemotaxis toward CCL2 in vitro. Airway administration of CCL2 also resulted in a significant reduction of macrophage recruitment to the lungs of DAP12-deficient mice compared with that in controls. DAP12 was also required for normal macrophage migration in a “scratch” assay. Reconstitution studies revealed that phosphorylation of the DAP12 ITAM was required for normal migration in vitro and association with TREM2 was sufficient for normal migration. These findings indicate that DAP12, possibly through association with TREM2, contributes to alveolar macrophage chemotaxis and recruitment to the lung and may mediate macrophage accumulation in lung diseases such as emphysema.
Extracellular DNA: A Major Proinflammatory Component of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms
Authors: Fuxman Bass Juan I. , Russo Daniela M. , Gabelloni Maria L. , Geffner Jorge R. , Giordano Mirta , Catalano Mariana , Zorreguieta Ángeles , Trevani Analía S. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
We previously demonstrated that extracellular bacterial DNA activates neutrophils through a CpG- and TLR9-independent mechanism. Biofilms are microbial communities enclosed in a polymeric matrix that play a critical role in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. Because extracellular DNA is a key component of biofilms of different bacterial species, the aim of this study was to determine whether it plays a role in the ability of biofilms to induce human neutrophil activation. We found that degradation of matrix extracellular DNA with DNase I markedly reduced the capacity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to induce the release of the neutrophil proinflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-1β (&gt;75%); reduced the upregulation of neutrophil activation markers CD18, CD11b, and CD66b (p &lt; 0.001); reduced the number of bacteria phagocytosed per neutrophil contacting the biofilm; and reduced the production of neutrophil extracellular traps. Consistent with these findings, we found that biofilms formed by the lasI rhlI P. aeruginosa mutant strain, exhibiting a very low content of matrix extracellular DNA, displayed a lower capacity to stimulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines by neutrophils, which was not decreased further by DNase I treatment. Together, our findings support that matrix extracellular DNA is a major proinflammatory component of P. aeruginosa biofilms.
Transcription Factor E2F1 Suppresses Dendritic Cell Maturation
Authors: Fang Fang , Wang Yan , Li Rui , Zhao Ying , Guo Yang , Jiang Ming , Sun Jie , Ma Yang , Ren Zijia , Tian Zhigang , Wei Feng , Yang De , Xiao Weihua 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Transcription factor E2F1 has been largely studied as a promoter of S-phase transition in the cell cycle and as a regulator of apoptosis. Recently, E2F1 has been shown to regulate a wide range of genes in response to inflammatory stimulation of macrophages and to contribute to T cell activation in response to pathogens, implicating an extensive immunological role for E2F1. Dendritic cells (DCs) play critical roles as professional APCs in the development of immune responses. However, it is unclear whether E2F1 has any effect on DC phenotype or function. In this paper, we report that E2F1 acts as a suppressor of DC maturation. The level of E2F1 expression was transiently downregulated in the course of LPS-induced maturation of both human monocyte-derived DCs and a mouse DC cell line, DC2.4. Knockdown of E2F1 by small interfering RNA in DC2.4 cells resulted in both phenotypic and functional maturation, even without LPS treatment. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of E2F1 suppressed LPS-induced maturation of DC2.4 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of E2F1 caused the activation of several major signaling pathways known to be activated in the course of DC maturation, including Erk1/2, NF-κB, and PI3K/Akt, suggesting that E2F1 may be involved in regulating multiple signaling pathways in DCs. Finally, the alteration of phenotypic maturation by E2F1 was confirmed with bone marrow-derived DCs from E2F1 knockout mice. Overall, our data demonstrate for the first time that E2F1 is a critical regulator of DC maturation.
LAG-3 Expression Defines a Subset of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ Regulatory T Cells That Are Expanded at Tumor Sites
Authors: Camisaschi Chiara , Casati Chiara , Rini Francesca , Perego Michela , De Filippo Annamaria , Triebel Frédéric , Parmiani Giorgio , Belli Filiberto , Rivoltini Licia , Castelli Chiara 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Human natural regulatory CD4+ T cells comprise 5–10% of peripheral CD4+T cells. They constitutively express the IL-2Rα−chain (CD25) and the nuclear transcription Foxp3. These cells are heterogeneous and contain discrete subsets with distinct phenotypes and functions. Studies in mice report that LAG-3 has a complex role in T cell homeostasis and is expressed in CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. In this study, we explored the expression of LAG-3 in human CD4+ T cells and found that LAG-3 identifies a discrete subset of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ T cells. This CD4+CD25highFoxp3+LAG-3+ population is preferentially expanded in the PBMCs of patients with cancer, in lymphocytes of tumor-invaded lymph nodes and in lymphocytes infiltrating visceral metastasis. Ex vivo analysis showed that CD4+CD25highFoxp3+LAG-3+ T cells are functionally active cells that release the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1, but not IL-2. An in vitro suppression assay using CD4+CD25highLAG-3+ T cells sorted from in vitro expanded CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells showed that this subset of cells is endowed with potent suppressor activity that requires cell-to-cell contact. Our data show that LAG-3 defines an active CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T cell subset whose frequency is enhanced in the PBMCs of patients with cancer and is expanded at tumor sites.
Identifying the Cells Breaching Self-Tolerance in Autoimmunity
Authors: Benson Robert A. , Patakas Agapitos , Conigliaro Paola , Rush Catherine M. , Garside Paul , McInnes Iain B. , Brewer James M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Activation of auto-reactive T cells by activated dendritic cells (DCs) presenting self-Ag is widely assumed to be the precipitating event in the development of autoimmune disease. However, despite such widely held preconceptions, supporting data are scarce and subjective, particularly in experimental arthropathy. We have adapted a novel murine model of breach of self-tolerance allowing evaluation of the contribution of endogenous DCs to the development of autoimmune responses and disease. For the first time, we reveal the critical role played by conventional DCs, and the timing and location of this process. We further demonstrate the importance of this finding by clinically relevant, therapeutic manipulation of conventional DC function, resulting in decreased autoimmune phenotype and disease severity.
Symplectic categories
Authors: Weinstein Alan 
Published: April 2010

Quantization problems suggest that the category of symplectic manifolds and symplectomorphisms be augmented by the inclusion of canonical relations as morphisms. These relations compose well when a transversality condition is satisfied, but the failure of the most general compositions to be smooth manifolds means that the canonical relations do not comprise the morphisms of a category.
We discuss several existing and potential remedies to the nontransversality problem. Some of these involve restriction to classes of lagrangian submanifolds for which the transversality property automatically holds. Others involve allowing lagrangian “objects” more general than submanifolds.
Synthesis and Study of the Surface Properties of Alkylnaphthalene and Alkylphenanthrene Sulfonates
Authors: Abdel‐Raouf M. E. , Maysour N. E. , Abdul‐Raheim A. M. , El‐Saeed Sh. M. , Farag R. K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSome alkylnaphthalene and alkylphenanthrene sulfonates were synthesized by means of a Wurtz–Fittig reaction. The HLB values for the prepared compounds were calculated, and the basic properties were studied in water at different temperatures, namely, 25, 35 and 45 °C. Through surface tension measurements, the following values were determined: the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the surface tension at the CMC (γCMC). The following values were calculated: area per molecule at the CMC (ACMC), standard free energy change of micellization (ΔGmic), standard free energy of adsorption (ΔGad), and the efficiency of a surfactant in reducing surface tension (pC20). Furthermore, the partition coefficients of the synthesized compounds were also measured. The results show that n‐alkylnaphthalene and n‐alkylphenanthrene surfactants studied exhibit desirable properties that may be of value in some fields such as detergency. To confirm the detergency power of the prepared surfactants, some foam studies were performed.
Effects of a convenience drink fortified withn-3 fatty acids on then-3 index
Authors: Köhler Anton , Bittner Daniel , Löw Anja , von Schacky Clemens 
Published: April 2010

There is strong evidence that the intake of EPA and DHA reduces the risk of adverse cardiac events. Fish and fish oil capsules are not necessarily an ideal source of EPA and DHA for every individual. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a convenience drink enriched with 500 mg EPA and DHA on then-3 index, a biomarker of EPA and DHA status in an individual. Of the 190 subjects with atherosclerotic disease screened between February and June 2009, 50 were recruited based on ann-3 index < 5 %. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a convenience drink supplemented either withn-3 fatty acids (n40, 200 mg EPA and 300 mg DHA) or placebo (n10, 1·1 g linoleic acid, C18 : 2n-6, from maize oil) daily for 8 weeks. The primary end point was a change in then-3 index. Intention-to-treat analysis was done. After 8 weeks of daily intake of 200 mg EPA+300 mg DHA, the meann-3 index increased from 4·37 (sd0·51) to 6·80 (sd1·45) % (P < 0·001). Interindividual variability in response was high (CV of the Δ,cv = 0·21). The control group showed no change in then-3 index. The results showed that daily intake of a convenience drink supplemented withn-3 fatty acids leads to a significant increase of then-3 index with high interindividual variability in response. Dose and preparation used were safe, well tolerated and highly palatable.
Intestinal fermentation modulates postprandial acylcarnitine profile and nitrogen metabolism in a true carnivore: the domestic cat (Felis catus)
Authors: Verbrugghe Adronie , Janssens Geert P. J. , Meininger Eva , Daminet Sylvie , Piron Koen , Vanhaecke Lynn , Wuyts Birgitte , Buyse Johan , Hesta Myriam 
Published: April 2010

N balance and postprandial acylcarnitine profile following intestinal fermentation of oligofructose and inulin were investigated in healthy cats. Two diets were tested in a crossover design: a commercial high-protein cat food supplemented with 4 % DM oligofructose and inulin (spectrum: degree of polymerisation (DP) 2–10: 60 (se5) % DM; DP>10: 28 (se5) % DM) as high-fermentable fibre (HFF) diet, and the same commercial diet supplemented with 4 % DM cellulose as low-fermentable fibre diet. Eight adult cats were randomly allotted to each of the two diets at intervals of 4 weeks. At the end of each testing period, faeces and urine were collected over a 5-d period, and blood samples were obtained before and at the selected time points postprandially. No differences were found for N intake, N digestibility and faecal N excretion, whereas urinary N excretion was lower when the HFF diet was fed (P = 0·044). N balance was positive in all the cats, and tended to be increased when the HFF diet was fed (P = 0·079). Propionylcarnitine concentrations (P = 0·015) and their area under the curve (AUC) (P = 0·013) were increased when the HFF diet was fed, revealing a more pronounced production and absorption of propionate. Yet, methylmalonylcarnitine concentrations and concurrent AUC were not elevated when the HFF diet was fed, indicating reduced amino acid catabolism. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcarnitine concentrations (P = 0·026) and their AUC (P = 0·028) were also reduced when the HFF diet was fed, implying diminished use of branched-chain amino acids as well. In healthy cats, oligofructose and inulin added to a high-protein diet were suggested to reduce postprandial amino acid-induced gluconeogenesis by substitution with propionate.
FELONY FORFEITURE AND THE PROFITS OF CRIME IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND
Authors: KESSELRING K. J. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTFor much of English history, the law punished felons not just with death, but also with the loss of their possessions. This article examines the practice of felony forfeiture in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, focusing on who profited and with what effects. It argues that recognizing the role such profit-takers played challenges common depictions of the nature and meaning of participation in law and governance. The heightened use of judicial revenues as tokens of patronage under Elizabeth and the early Stuarts impinged upon participatory aspects of the law's operation.
Les enjeux des emblèmes de la croix rouge et du croissant rouge
Authors: Sandoz Yves 
Published: April 2010

Les emblèmes de la croix rouge et du croissant rouge sont la force et la faiblesse de notre Mouvement.Ils sont sa force parce qu'ils sont le symbole visible et respecté du secours aux victimes de la guerre qui, depuis 125 ans, a permis d' apporter protection, assistance et chaleur humaine à des millions de blessés, de prisonniers, d'enfants, de families au travers des terribles conflits ayant embrasé notre planète comme jamais dans son histoire. Ils sont sa force parce qu'ils évoquent, dans le monde entier, une image positive, une image d'humanité et de compassion.
Le développement des nouvelles armes antipersonnel
Authors: Doswald-Beck Louise , Cauderay Gérald C. 
Published: April 2010

L'article 36 du Protocole additionnel I de 1977 stipule que:«Dans l'étude, la mise au point, l'acquisition ou l'adoption d'une nouvelle arme, de nouveaux moyens ou d'une nouvelle méthode de guerre, une Haute Partie contractante a l'obligation de déterminer si l'emploi en serait interdit, dans certaines circonstances ou en toutes circonstances, par les dispositions du présent Protocole ou par toute autre règie du droit international applicable à cette Haute Partie contractante».
L'avis consultatif de la Cour internationale de Justice en l'affaire des armes nucléaires—Première évaluation
Authors: McNeill John H. 
Published: April 2010

La Cour internationale de Justice (CIJ) a été saisie de deux demandes d'avis consultatif, la première de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) et la seconde de l'Assemblée générale des Nations Unies.L'OMS a posé la question suivante: «Compte tenu des effets des armes nucléaires sur la santé et l'environnement, leur utilisation par un État au cours d'une guerre ou d'un autre conflit armé constituerait-elle une violation de ses obligations au regard du droit international, y compris de la Constitution de l'OMS» La Cour a estimé, par onze voix contre trois (celles des juges Shahabuddeen, Weeramantry et Koroma), qu'elle n'était pas en mesure de rendre l'avis consultatif sollicité par l'OMS. L'opinion de la Cour coïncidait avec la position défendue par les États-Unis et d'autres pays et nous paraît correcte.