bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of chordoma cell line JHC7 and the identification of Brachyury as a novel molecular target
Authors: Hsu Wesley , Mohyeldin Ahmed , Shah Sagar R. , ap Rhys Colette M. , Johnson Lakesha F. , Sedora-Roman Neda I. , Kosztowski Thomas A. , Awad Ola A. , McCarthy Edward F. , Loeb David M. , Wolinsky Jean-Paul , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo 
Published: June 2011

Object
Chordoma is a malignant bone neoplasm hypothesized to arise from notochordal remnants along the length of the neuraxis. Recent genomic investigation of chordomas has identified T (Brachyury) gene duplication as a major susceptibility mutation in familial chordomas. Brachyury plays a vital role during embryonic development of the notochord and has recently been shown to regulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in epithelial-derived cancers. However, current understanding of the role of this transcription factor in chordoma is limited due to the lack of availability of a fully characterized chordoma cell line expressing Brachyury. Thus, the objective of this study was to establish the first fully characterized primary chordoma cell line expressing gain of the T gene locus that readily recapitulates the original parental tumor phenotype in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
Using an intraoperatively obtained tumor sample from a 61-year-old woman with primary sacral chordoma, a chordoma cell line (JHC7, or Johns Hopkins Chordoma Line 7) was established. Molecular characterization of the primary tumor and cell line was conducted using standard immunostaining and Western blotting. Chromosomal aberrations and genomic amplification of the T gene in this cell line were determined. Using this cell line, a xenograft model was established and the histopathological analysis of the tumor was performed. Silencing of Brachyury and changes in gene expression were assessed.

Results
The authors report, for the first time, the successful establishment of a chordoma cell line (JHC7) from a patient with pathologically confirmed sacral chordoma. This cell line readily forms tumors in immunodeficient mice that recapitulate the parental tumor phenotype with conserved histological features consistent with the parental tumor. Furthermore, it is demonstrated for the first time that silencing of Brachyury using short hairpin RNA renders the morphology of chordoma cells to a more differentiated-like state and leads to complete growth arrest and senescence with an inability to be passaged serially in vitro.

Conclusions
This report represents the first xenograft model of a sacral chordoma line described in the literature and the first cell line established with stable Brachyury expression. The authors propose that Brachyury is an attractive therapeutic target in chordoma and that JHC7 will serve as a clinically relevant model for the study of this disease.
Do not make snap decisions about what you are seeing: how digital analysis of the images from the Canadian Shield highlights the difficulties in classifying shapes
Authors: Colson Alicia 
Published: June 2011

The act of classification has the widest implications for scholarship. Whatever the format, it involves the totality of our being. The use of our eyes indicates that decisions about whatever it is that we observe have already been made. Yet the interaction between the mechanical act of seeing and the mind or memory has rarely been registered. An object once seen implies that the researcher's consciousness is engaged. The description of mere shape records that interaction. To establish whether sub-conscious decisions have been made as to the meaning of a shape, it might be placed in an armature. VIPS/ip software, created by both computer scientists and art historians, provides such an armature. The separate roles played by memory, brain, and eye in engaging with the shapes, encountered on the pictograph sites of the Lake of the Woods might then be detected. Subsequent labelling which bears these roles in mind just might isolate the contribution made by memory. The systematic identification and cataloguing of such images by an investigator may also enable us to understand something of the intricate and uncharted past of the Canadian Shield and about ourselves.
La literatura mexicana de transgresión sexual
Authors: Muñoz Mario 
Published: June 2011

A partir de la antología titulada : De amores marginales (1996), de la cual soy autor, se ofrece un panorama de la temática homosexual centrada en el relato de autores mexicanos, desde los textos precursores surgidos a mediados del siglo xx hasta los ejemplos más recientes. Este recorrido establece la diversidad de propuestas literarias de la denominada, por algunos críticos, « literatura gay » como respuesta al poder represivo que ha ejercido la sociedad en contra de las diferencias sexuales. Se trata en principio de poner en evidencia cómo es que la intolerancia moral, escolar, familiar y religiosa condujeron a una autocensura de los propios escritores, que evadieron el abordaje de determinados problemas individuales por considerarlos lesivos para los valores dominantes de la época. En conclusión, el artículo intenta demostrar que la literatura de tema homosexual surge a partir de los narradores pertenecientes a la Generación de Medio Siglo, quienes rompieron con los prejuicios culturales y los tabúes morales de su tiempo, produciendo una auténtica literatura de transgresión que permitió la apertura a la modernidad.
Les agents français dans la Plata
Authors: Avendaño Marín Clara María 
Published: June 2011

Cet article vise à mettre en évidence le poids et la portée politique et diplomatique du stigmate de barbarie qui frappe le Gouverneur de Buenos Aires Juan Manuel Rosas pendant le blocus de la Plata entre 1838 et 1840. Cette barbarie rosiste, dont les agents français ont été les premiers coryphées en France, était définie dans leurs écrits par un rapport dialectique entre civilisation et barbarie. Cette antinomie qui leur sert d’argument pour soutenir non seulement les prétentions françaises, mais aussi les opposants politiques du rosisme, s’articule autour de l’opposition entre la « ville civilisée » et la « campagne barbare », entre l’Europe, sa culture et son commerce et l’Amérique, ses coutumes et la défense de ses intérêts.
Etude du remplissage sédimentaire d’un système hypersalin de la Tunisie orientale au cours du Quaternaire récent : la sebkha de Moknine
Authors: Chairi Raja 
Published: June 2011

Les résultats d’une étude sédimentologique détaillée de la sebkha de Moknine indiquent la présence de deux épisodes de dépôt. Le premier est caractérisé par une abondance du faciès argileux et de la matière organique associée. Le deuxième est le résultat d'une phase de comblement voire même un état de vieillissement de la sebkha, exprimé par une migration du faciès fin et de la matière organique vers l’Est. Deux facteurs importants sont responsables de cette évolution : la dissymétrie de la cuvette basculée vers l’Est et l’abondance du réseau hydrographique à l’Ouest. Elle s’est réalisée sur une période assez longue, en raison de la rareté des averses et de l’écoulement peu abondant durant l’année dans la région de Moknine. La phase argileuse à la base des séquences élémentaires étudiées est un indicateur de la phase transgressive et de l’étendue importante de la sebkha au passé. Cette phase est essentiellement smectitique, minéral caractéristique du centre de la sebkha. Elle renferme des taux élevés en matière organique d’origine lacustre montrée par des valeurs importantes en index d’hydrogène et une répartition des n-alcanes centrés sur les légers où le mode est entre nC18 et nC22.
Involutions on Zilber fields
Authors: Mantova Vincenzo 
Published: June 2011

In this paper, we briefly outline the definition of Zilber field, which is a structure analogue to the complex field with the exponential function. An open conjecture, including Schanuel’s Conjecture, is whether the complex field is itself one of these structure.
In view of this conjecture, a natural question raised by Zilber, Kirby, Macintyre and others is whether they have an automorphism of order two akin to complex conjugation.

We announce, without proof, the positive answer: for cardinality up to the continuum there exists an involution of the field commuting with the exponential function. Moreover, in the case of cardinality of the continuum, the automorphism can be taken such that its fixed field is exactly

ℝ

, and the kernel of the exponential function is

2\pi i \mathbb Z

.
A Generalized Stationary Algorithm for Resonant Tunneling: Multi-Mode Approximation and High Dimension
Authors: Abdallah Naoufel Ben , Wu Hao 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe multi-mode approximation is presented to compute the interior wave function of Schrödinger equation. This idea is necessary to handle the multi-barrier and high dimensional resonant tunneling problems where multiple eigenvalues are considered. The accuracy and efficiency of this algorithm is demonstrated via several numerical examples.
Convergence Detection in Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Calculations for Steady State Flows
Authors: Burt Jonathan M. , Boyd Iain D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA new criterion is presented to detect global convergence to steady state, and to identify local transient characteristics, during rarefied gas flow simulations performed using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Unlike deterministic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) schemes, DSMC is generally subject to large statistical scatter in instantaneous flow property evaluations, which prevents the use of residual tracking procedures as are often employed in CFD simulations. However, reliable prediction of the time to reach steady state is necessary for initialization of DSMC sampling operations. Techniques currently used in DSMC to identify steady state convergence are usually insensitive to weak transient behavior in small regions of relatively low density or recirculating flow. The proposed convergence criterion is developed with the goal of properly identifying such weak transient behavior, while adding negligible computational expense and allowing simple implementation in any existing DSMC code. Benefits of the proposed technique over existing convergence detection methods are demonstrated for representative nozzle/plume expansion flow, hypersonic blunt body flow and driven cavity flow problems.
A Conservative Modification to the Ghost Fluid Method for Compressible Multiphase Flows
Authors: Liu Wei , Yuan Li , Shu Chi-Wang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA conservative modification to the ghost fluid method (GFM) is developed for compressible multiphase flows. The motivation is to eliminate or reduce the conservation error of the GFM without affecting its performance. We track the conservative variables near the material interface and use this information to modify the numerical solution for an interfacing cell when the interface has passed the cell. The modification procedure can be used on the GFM with any base schemes. In this paper we use the fifth order finite difference WENO scheme for the spatial discretization and the third order TVD Runge-Kutta method for the time discretization. The level set method is used to capture the interface. Numerical experiments show that the method is at least mass and momentum conservative and is in general comparable in numerical resolution with the original GFM.
How Cognitive Resources Alter our Perception of the Past: Ego Depletion Enhances the Susceptibility to Suggestion
Authors: Otgaar Henry , Alberts Hugo , Cuppens Lesly 
Published: June 2011

SummaryStudies show that engaging in self‐control results in deteriorated performance on subsequent tasks. In legal settings, witnesses and/or suspects are probably involved in self‐control (e.g. controlling their emotions). The current study tested whether such involvement in self‐control would lead to increased suggestibility levels. We found direct evidence for this. Forty‐four participants were randomly divided into a high level of depletion condition (regulation of attention) or a low level of depletion condition (no regulation of attention). Also, they were presented with a suggestibility measure (Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale). We showed that depleted participants were significantly more suggestible than non‐depleted participants. Our findings are relevant in situations in which suggestive practices may take place. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accommodation of unknown actuator faults using output feedback‐based adaptive robust control
Authors: Gayaka Shreekant , Yao Bin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we solve the problem of output tracking for linear uncertain systems in the presence of unknown actuator failures using discontinuous projection‐based output feedback adaptive robust control (ARC). The faulty actuators are characterized as unknown inputs stuck at unknown values experiencing bounded disturbance and actuators losing effectiveness at unknown instants of time. Many existing techniques to solve this problem use model reference adaptive control (MRAC), which may not be well suited for handling various disturbances and modeling errors inherent to any realistic system model. Robust control‐based fault‐tolerant schemes have guaranteed transient performance and are capable of dealing with modeling errors to certain degrees. But, the steady‐state tracking accuracy of robust controllers, e.g. sliding mode controller, is limited. In comparison, the backstepping‐based output feedback adaptive robust fault‐tolerant control (ARFTC) strategy presented here can effectively deal with such uncertainties and overcome the drawbacks of individual adaptive and robust controls. Comparative simulation studies are performed on a linearized Boeing 747 model, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐principles prediction of phase equilibria using the PR + COSMOSAC equation of state
Authors: Hsieh Chieh‐Ming , Lin Shiang‐Tai 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTWe present a novel way of obtaining the interactions parameters in the Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) such that it is applicable for all types of fluid phase equilibrium calculations without the need of input of any experimental data. This is made possible by determining the temperature and composition dependence of the energy parameter a(T, x) and volume parameter b(x) in PR EOS from first‐principles solvation calculations. This method requires only element specific parameters (three parameters for each element, including one atomic radius and two parameters for describing dispersion interactions), and 15 nonspecies dependent, universal parameters for electrostatic and hydrogen‐bonding interactions. We validate this method using (1) vapor pressure, liquid density, and critical properties of 1296 pure substances, (2) 116 binary vapor‐liquid equilibrium mixtures (including about 3000 data points with temperatures ranging from 255.37 to 623.15 K and pressures from 0.03 KPa to 18.97 MPa), (3) 68 binary and 39 ternary liquid‐liquid equilibrium systems at atmospheric pressure, and (4) the solubility of 52 pharmaceuticals in 37 different pure solvents and their mixtures at the temperatures ranged from 273.15 to 323.15 K (including about 2900 data points). All the calculations are done with the same set of 33 parameters. We believe that this approach is a useful tool for providing thermodynamic properties of fluids prior to experimental measurements. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermostimulative shape memory effect of linear low‐density polyethylene/polypropylene (LLDPE/PP) blends compatibilized by crosslinked LLDPE/PP blend (LLDPE–PP)
Authors: Liu Hong , Li Shu‐Cai , Liu Yi , Iqbal Mahmood 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA novel linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/polypropylene (PP) thermostimulative shape memory blends were prepared by melt blending with moderate crosslinked LLDPE/PP blend (LLDPE–PP) as compatibilizer. In this shape memory polymer (SMP) blends, dispersed PP acted as fixed phase whereas continuous LLDPE phase acted as reversible or switch phase. LLDPE–PP improved the compatibility of LLDPE/PP blends as shown in scanning electron microscopic photos. Dynamic mechanical analysis test showed that the melt strengths of the blends were enhanced with increasing LLDPE–PP content. A shape memory mechanism for this type of SMP system was then concluded. It was found that when the blend ratio of LLDPE/PP/LLDPE–PP was 87/13/6, the blend exhibited the best shape memory effect at stretch ratio of 80%, stretch rate of 25 mm/min, and recovery temperature of 135°C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Effect of recyclate PTFE/GF laminate incorporation on the dielectric and mechanical properties of PTFE/GF composites using a novel manufacturing process
Authors: Xi Zhoutian , Ghita Oana R. , Evans Ken E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study examines the recycling of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/glass fiber (GF) printed circuit boards (PCB) laminates through mechanical grinding and the re‐manufacture of new composites incorporating PTFE/GF recyclate using sintering processes with and without pressure (SWOP and SWP). The PTFE/GF recyclate was tested for mechanical and dielectric performance. Experimental data were fitted to modified Lichtenecker and Effective‐Medium Theory (EMT) theoretical equations to estimate the dielectric constant of PTFE/GF recyclate subsheets for further use in new PTFE/GF laminates. It was found that the experimental values were inside of the Wiener bounds and fitted well the two theories for both manufacturing methods proposed. Overall, the results showed that PTFE/GF recyclate could be used as replacement for virgin PTFE/GF when incorporated in specific concentrations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane‐derived hybrid materials for a high‐refractive index LED encapsulant
Authors: Yang SeungCheol , Kim Joon‐Soo , Jin JungHo , Kwak Seung‐Yeon , Bae Byeong‐Soo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane resins with a high degree of condensation (>85%) were synthesized by a nonhydrolytic sol–gel reaction using 2‐(3,4‐epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane (ECTS), diphenylsilanediol (DPSD), and triphenylsilanol (TPS). Cycloaliphatic epoxy hybrimers with 2 mm thickness fabricated by thermal curing of cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane resins with a hardener and catalyst were optically transparent (∼90%) with a high refractive index of up to 1.583. The fabricated hybrimers also show high thermal resistance having no yellowing during thermal aging at 120°C for 1008 h and a high decomposition temperature (>300°C). On the strengths of these characteristics, the hybrimers are expected to find application as LED encapsulants. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Structural changes of starch/polyvinyl alcohol biocomposite films reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose due to biodegradation in simulated aerobic compost environment
Authors: Maiti Sonakshi , Ray Dipa , Mitra Debarati , Sengupta Suparna , Kar Tanusree 
Published: June 2011

AbstractStarch/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based biocomposite films reinforced with micro crystalline cellulose (MCC) (10 wt %) particles were prepared by solution casting method, incorporating glycerol as plasticizer. These biocomposite films were subjected to biodegradation at ambient temperature in a simulated aerobic compost pit. The extent of biodegradation of these films was studied in terms of weight loss. The corresponding changes in the structure of the films were observed using scanning electron microscopy, X‐Ray diffraction study, and differential scanning calorimetry. The melting point of PVA component of the biocomposite film shifted from 204 to 223°C with increase in biodegradation time and a remarkable difference was observed in their melt crystallization behavior. The unreinforced films also showed a similar trend, but the increase in the crystallinity of PVA was more pronounced in MCC reinforced films than that observed in the unreinforced ones. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Application of a water jet system to the pretreatment of cellulose
Authors: Watanabe Yuka , Kitamura Shinichi , Kawasaki Kazunori , Kato Tomoki , Uegaki Koichi , Ogura Kota , Ishikawa Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPlant cellulose is the most abundant organic compound on earth. Technologies for producing cellulose fiber or improving the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose hold the key to biomass applications. A technology for atomizing biomass without strong acid catalysis remains to be developed. The water jet is a well‐known device used in machines (e.g., washing machines, cutters, and mills) that use high‐pressure water. In this study, we examined whether a water jet system could be used to atomize crystalline cellulose, which comprises approximately 50% of plant biomass. The Star Burst System manufactured by Sugino Machine Limited (Sugino Machine; Toyama, Japan) is a unique atomization machine that uses a water jet to atomize materials and thereby places lower stress on the environment. After treatment with this system, the crystalline cellulose was converted into a gel‐like form. High‐angular annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy showed that the cellulose fibers had been converted from a solid crystalline into a matrix of cellulose nanofibers. In addition, our results show that this system can improve the saccharification efficiency of cellulases by more than three‐fold. Hence, the Star Burst System provides a new and mild pretreatment system for processing biomass materials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95:833–839, 2011.
Planning for instructional technology in the classroom
Authors: Mitchell Regina L. Garza 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCommunity colleges are known for keeping abreast of the latest instructional technologies, but the constant and rapid growth of available technology also presents challenges. This chapter reviews the current literature regarding instructional technology usage, with a focus on beneficial applications of technology for teaching and learning, and associated financial, managerial, and planning challenges. The chapter concludes with strategies for research, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of instructional technologies to enhance teaching and learning.
Web 2.0 technologies: Applications for community colleges
Authors: Bajt Susanne K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe current generation of new students, referred to as the Millennial Generation, brings a new set of challenges to the community college. The influx of these technologically sophisticated students, who interact through the social phenomenon of Web 2.0 technology, bring expectations that may reshape institutions of higher learning. This chapter provides an overview of Web 2.0 technologies and considerations of their potential to transform the way education is delivered. Long‐held learning beliefs and established educational strategies may need to be redefined to incorporate the benefits of Web 2.0 and to serve the educational needs of the Millennial Generation.
Andragogy, organization, and implementation concerns for gaming as an instructional tool in the community college
Authors: Martin Vance S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAs this and previous editions of New Directions for Community Colleges have argued, digital skills are necessary. Our future economy will be based on them, but there is no consensus on which skills to teach. Many talk about Web 2.0 skills, familiarity with software, and critical thinking skills, yet few mention the potential of video games in education. This chapter examines the potential for using video games at the community college level, possible arguments against it, and necessary support from administration, information technology departments, and libraries to make the most of this digital technology.