bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Year-round carryover effects are driven by migration phenology for Hirundo rustica (Barn Swallow) wintering in West Africa
Authors: López-Calderón Cosme , Magallanes Sergio , García-Longoria Luz , Marzal Alfonso , Balbontín Javier 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recently, population declines have been reported for many migratory birds. Because of complex life cycles, determining the causes for such declines is often difficult. Thus, migratory birds are of special conservation interest. We studied the migratory behavior of Hirundo rustica (Barn Swallow) tagged with solar geolocators and determined carryover effects during the entire annual cycle from one breeding season to the next. We used a partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) to disentangle migratory and breeding events that occur in chronological order. In addition, we controlled for broad environmental conditions in the wintering grounds (NDVI and latitude) and the specific molting habitat (δ13C). We did not find a carryover effect from reproduction investment in the attachment year to breeding success in the subsequent year. Individuals that invested more in reproduction departed earlier from the breeding colonies, but this in turn did not affect the onset of autumn migration. Thus, the premigratory period should be acting as a buffer stage counteracting any previous carryover effects from reproduction investment. On the other hand, we found a long-lasting domino effect from the onset of autumn migration to subsequent breeding success, consistent with the notion of a migratory race. Specifically, individuals which started earlier in the autumn migration arrived earlier to the wintering grounds, started earlier in the spring migration arrived earlier to the breeding colonies, and had a higher breeding success. We highlight that the premigratory period (i.e., the time elapsed between departure from breeding areas and the onset of autumn migration) should be important for the life cycle of migratory species, but it has been frequently overlooked.
CVAs in Wider Restructurings
Authors: Watson James , Crawford Hannah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights the versatility of the company voluntary arrangement (CVA) as part of the UK's restructuring and insolvency toolkit. CVAs are used in various matters such as implementing a complex multi-party settlement with a diverse range of financial and intercompany creditors, compromising certain pension liabilities, preserving the key assets and value of the relevant business in line with the rules and regulations applied to the CVA company, and facilitating swifter distributions to creditors in line with long-tail administration process. Additionally, the chapter notes the CVA cases of interest correlated to TXU, T&N, Dana, Rangers Football Club plc, and EMF Global.
Jurisdiction, Effect of Approval, and Implementation
Authors: Phillips Henry , Jones Madeleine , Judd Daniel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks into the jurisdiction, effect of approval and implementation of CVAs. Proposals made in respect of and for a company and its creditors, and composition in satisfaction of the company's debts are the core elements of jurisdiction. Thus, the company's financial position stays highly relevant with the CVA jurisdiction even if it does not depend on the company's insolvency. Moreover, the binding effect of a CVA depends on the statutory hypothesis and creditors will be treated like they have given consent to the arrangement. The chapter expounds on the definition of composition, scheme of the arrangement, creditors, ancillary rights, and necessary compromises in line with CVAs.
CVAs in the Cross-Border Context
Authors: Nolan Elaine , Stephenson Kate , O’Reilly SC Patrick F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter tackles the cross-border context of CVAs. In line with Brexit's effective date, companies registered under COMI, the UK, EU, EEA, and the CA 2006 in England, Wales, or Scotland are eligible for a CVA. The UNICTRAL Model Law and the Insolvency Regulations have been used as frameworks for greater international cooperation when it comes to outbound or cross-border recognitions. The chapter also notes the inbound assistance to foreign proceedings which could be offered by the English court. It mentions the types of assistance the English court could provide under the common law and Insolvency Act 1986 such as evidence and information gathering.
A survey on mean glandular dose in mammography examination and the factors affecting it in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran
Authors: Asadollahzadeh Najmeh , Razavi SeidKazem , Zare Mohammad Hossein 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background: mammography is the gold standard in the early detection of breast cancer. Due to the increase in the rate of women suffering from this malignancy all over the world, this imaging modality has been widely used. Considering the side effects caused by ionizing radiation to measure the carcinogenic risk of mammography X-rays, mean glandular dose (MGD) is the best parameter to evaluate the dose received by patients undergoing mammography. The aims of this study were to measure MGD in mammography in mammographic craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) projections and investigate the relationship of MGD with compressed breast thickness (CBT), body mass index, age of the patient, and device exposure conditions. Materials and methods: this cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on women aged 30–70 referring to the mammography unit of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd city from May to August 2022. The TLD-GR 200 (thermoluminescence dosimeter) was placed on the breast of the patients for CC and MLO projections, and then the MGD was obtained by multiplying the entrance surface dose and the normalized glandular dose. Analysis of data (such as demographic information of patients, CBT, kVp, and mAs) was done by SPSS 23 software. The normality of the data was checked using Shapiro–Wilk tests. It was found that except for age, other variables did not have a normal distribution; therefore, equivalent parametric and nonparametric tests were used. In this regard, Spearman’s correlation was used to assess the correlation between variables. P-value &lt; .05 was considered as level of significance. Results: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of patients was 47.3 ± 7.1 years. The median ± IQR (the interquartile range (IQR) is a measure of statistical dispersion, which is the spread of the data. It is defined as the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles of the data.) (mean ± SD) value of MGD per woman was 1.2 ± 0.4 mGy (1.3 ± 0.3 mGy). The median ± IQR MGD in the MLO and CC projections was 1.6 ± 0.6 mGy and 0.9 ± 0.4 mGy, respectively. Significant relationships (P-value ≤ .001) were observed between MGD with CBT (R = 0.62) and age (R = −0.85). Conclusion: The results showed that the mammography unit at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd is functioning properly. The calculated median ± IQR MGD per woman referring to this unit (1.2 ± 0.4 mGy) was clearly below the dose limit recommended by American College of Radiology and International Commission on Radiological Protection (3 mGy). Moreover, among the factors affecting MGD, the highest correlation was seen between MGD and age (R = −0.85).
“Close to My Community”: A Qualitative Study of Community Health Worker-Supported Teleaudiology Hearing Aid Services
Authors: Coco Laura , Leon Kimberly , Navarro Cecilia , Piper Rosie , Carvajal Scott , Marrone Nicole 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:Given well-documented disparities in rural and minority communities, alternative service delivery models that help improve access to hearing care are needed. This article reports on a study of older Latino adults with hearing loss who received hearing aid services with Community Health Workers (CHWs) providing support via teleaudiology. The present study used qualitative data to explore perceptions of this novel service delivery model.Design:Participants completed semistructured interviews related to their experiences in the intervention approximately 17 weeks after the hearing aid fitting appointment. Two coders independently coded the data, using an iterative deductive and inductive thematic analysis approach. Inter-rater reliability was good (κ = 0.80).Results:Of the 28 participants, 19 were interviewed (CHW group: n = 9, 8 females; non-CHW group: n = 10, 9 females). Both groups of participants reported experiencing barriers in access to care and reported positive experiences with teleaudiology and with hearing aids as part of the trial. CHW group participants reported interactions with patient-site facilitators that were indicative of patient-centeredness.Conclusions:Results demonstrate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of trained CHWs as patient-site facilitators in teleaudiology-delivered hearing aid services for adults.
Nerve compression after opponensplasty: a cadaveric study
Authors: Brown Chelsea R. , Deistler Kyle A. , Jain Lakshmi K. , Goyal Kanu S. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
We describe the differences in thumb opposition between different opponensplasty tendon transfers and determine the immediate pressure on the median and ulnar nerves incurred by each transfer.

Methods:
Using fresh frozen cadavers (8 specimens), opponensplasties were performed using extensor indicis proprius (EIP), flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) with flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) pulley, palmaris longus (PL, Camitz procedure), and PL utilizing the thenar fascia as a pulley (PLwP). Each tendon transfer was tensioned, and the thumb flexion, abduction and pronation were measured. The pressure on the median and ulnar nerves were measured for each tendon transfer at varying tensions.

Results:
There were no differences seen in flexion or pronation between any of the four tendon transfers. FDS, PL and PLwP demonstrated more abduction than the EIP transfer, however differences were less than 10°. EIP and FDS transfers caused significantly more pressure on the median nerve than PL or PLwP at high tendon tensions. Both EIP and FDS tendon transfers caused significantly more pressure on the ulnar nerve than PL or PLwP, and the pressure increased as tension on the transfer increased. No pressure differences were seen between PL and PLwP.

Conclusions:
No significant differences were seen in thumb flexion or pronation between the four tendon transfers. Differences were seen for abduction with EIP showing the least amount of abduction. EIP and FDS caused more median nerve compression than PL transfers at high tension. Both EIP and FDS tendon transfers cause more ulnar nerve compression than PL transfers at all tensions.

Level of Evidence
Level: V
Association between triglyceride-glucose index and femoral bone mineral density in community-dwelling, nondiabetic men and women: a NHANES analysis of 1,928 US individuals
Authors: Chen Hailing , Hu Jianpeng , Li Jufen , Li Quan , Lan Ling 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the potential association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and bone mineral density (BMD) in community-dwelling adults without diabetes using a nationally representative database from the United States (US).

Methods
Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2010, 2013-2014, and 2017-2018. Men and postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years with complete data on femoral neck BMD, triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose levels were eligible for inclusion. Participants with diabetes, history of malignancy, thyroid disease, underweight status, end-stage kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, estrogen/selective estrogen receptor modulators, bisphosphonate or bone resorption inhibitors, or missing dataset weight values were excluded. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associations between low BMD, TyG index, and other study variables.

Results
A total of 1,844 participants (1,161 men and 683 women) were included, representing 31,517,106 community-dwelling individuals in the US. The mean age of the study population was 60.7 years old, and 26.7% of the men and 60.4% of the women had low bone density. In both males and females, the mean TyG index was 8.6. After adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors, no significant association was observed between TyG and femoral neck BMD among men (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = −0.0002, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.02 to 0.02) and women (aBeta = 0.005, 95% CI: −0.02 to 0.04). Similarly, no significant association was observed between TyG index and the odds for low bone density among men (aOR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.73-1.63) and women (aOR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.49-2.01).

Conclusions
Based on data from a large sample in the US, this study did not find an association between the TyG index and femoral neck BMD or the occurrence of low bone density in community-dwelling males and females without diabetes.
Vision of the future: large language models in ophthalmology
Authors: Tailor Prashant D. , D'Souza Haley S. , Li Hanzhou , Starr Matthew R. 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of reviewLarge language models (LLMs) are rapidly entering the landscape of medicine in areas from patient interaction to clinical decision-making. This review discusses the evolving role of LLMs in ophthalmology, focusing on their current applications and future potential in enhancing ophthalmic care.Recent findingsLLMs in ophthalmology have demonstrated potential in improving patient communication and aiding preliminary diagnostics because of their ability to process complex language and generate human-like domain-specific interactions. However, some studies have shown potential for harm and there have been no prospective real-world studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of LLMs in practice.SummaryWhile current applications are largely theoretical and require rigorous safety testing before implementation, LLMs exhibit promise in augmenting patient care quality and efficiency. Challenges such as data privacy and user acceptance must be overcome before LLMs can be fully integrated into clinical practice.
Peripherally restricted cannabinoid and mu-opioid receptor agonists synergistically attenuate neuropathic mechanical hypersensitivity in mice
Authors: Limerick Gerard , Uniyal Ankit , Ford Neil , He ShaoQiu , Grenald Shaness A. , Zhang Chi , Cui Xiang , Sivanesan Eellan , Dong Xinzhong , Guan Yun , Raja Srinivasa N. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Many medications commonly used to treat neuropathic pain are associated with significant, dose-limiting adverse effects, including sedation, dizziness, and fatigue. These adverse effects are due to the activity of these medications within the central nervous system. The objective of this work was to investigate the interactions between peripherally restricted cannabinoid receptor and mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists on ongoing and evoked neuropathic pain behaviors in mouse models. RNAscope analysis of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) and MOR mRNA demonstrated that the mRNA of both receptors is colocalized in both mouse and human dorsal root ganglion. Single-cell RNAseq of dorsal root ganglion from chronic constriction injury mice showed that the mRNA of both receptors (Cnr1 and Oprm1) is coexpressed across different neuron clusters. Myc-CB1R and FLAG-MOR were cotransfected into immortalized HEK-293T cells and were found to interact at a subcellular level. We also find that CB-13 (a peripherally restricted dual CB1R and cannabinoid receptor type 2 agonist) and DALDA (a peripherally restricted MOR agonist) both attenuate mechanical hypersensitivity in a murine model of neuropathic pain. Using isobolographic analysis, we demonstrate that when coadministered, these agents synergistically attenuate mechanical hypersensitivity. Importantly, combination dosing of these agents does not cause any detectable preferential behaviors or motor impairment. However, repeated dosing of these agents is associated with the development of tolerance to these drugs. Collectively, these findings suggest that leveraging synergistic pain inhibition between cannabinoid receptor and MOR agonists in peripheral sensory neurons may be worth examining in patients with neuropathic pain.
INHIBITION OF INTEGRIN VLA-3 AND TETRASPANIN CD151 PROTECTS AGAINST NEUTROPHIL-MEDIATED ENDOTHELIAL DAMAGE
Authors: Ciambella Chelsey , Witt Hadley , Dickinson Catherine M. , Smith Madison L. , Coburn Nicholas , Messina Nicholas , Heffernan Daithi S. , Kim Minsoo , Reichner Jonathan S. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background: The recruitment of neutrophils to sites of localized injury or infection is initiated by changes on the surface of endothelial cells located in proximity to tissue damage. Inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, increase surface expression of adhesive ligands and receptors on the endothelial surface to which neutrophils tether and adhere. Neutrophils then transit through the activated endothelium to reach sites of tissue injury with little lasting vascular injury. However, in cases of sepsis, the interaction of endothelial cells with highly activated neutrophils can cause damage vascular damage. The identification of molecules that are essential for neutrophil diapedesis may reveal targets of therapeutic opportunity for preservation of endothelial function in the presence of critical illness. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of neutrophil β1 integrin very late antigen-3 (VLA-3; α3β1) and/or inhibition of the tetraspanin (TM4) family member CD151 would protect against neutrophil-mediated loss of endothelial function. Methods: Blood was obtained from septic patients or healthy donors. Neutrophils were purified, and aliquots were treated with/without proinflammatory molecules. Confluent human umbilical vascular endothelial cells were activated with TNF-α. Electric cell impedance sensing was used to determine monolayer resistance over time after the addition of neutrophils that were treated with blocking antibodies against VLA-3 and/or CD151 or isotype controls. Groups (depending on relevancy) were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test, or repeated-measures one-way ANOVA. Results: Neutrophils from septic patients and neutrophils activated ex vivo reduced endothelial monolayer resistance to a greater extent than neutrophils from healthy donors. Antibody blockade of VLA-3 and/or CD151 significantly reduced activation-associated endothelial damage. Similar findings were demonstrated on fibronectin, collagen I, collagen IV, and laminin, suggesting that neutrophil surface VLA-3 and CD151 are responsible for endothelial damage regardless of substrata and are likely to be operative in all bodily tissues. Conclusion: This report identifies VLA-3 and CD151 on the activated human neutrophil, which are responsible for damage to endothelial function. Targeting these molecules in vivo may demonstrate preservation of organ function during critical illness.
PET-based brain molecular connectivity in neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Hanania Jordan U. , Reimers Erik , Bevington Connor W.J. , Sossi Vesna 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Molecular imaging has traditionally been used and interpreted primarily in the context of localized and relatively static neurochemical processes. New understanding of brain function and development of novel molecular imaging protocols and analysis methods highlights the relevance of molecular networks that co-exist and interact with functional and structural networks. Although the concept and evidence of disease-specific metabolic brain patterns has existed for some time, only recently has such an approach been applied in the neurotransmitter domain and in the context of multitracer and multimodal studies. This review briefly summarizes initial findings and highlights emerging applications enabled by this new approach.

Recent findings
Connectivity based approaches applied to molecular and multimodal imaging have uncovered molecular networks with neurodegeneration-related alterations to metabolism and neurotransmission that uniquely relate to clinical findings; better disease stratification paradigms; an improved understanding of the relationships between neurochemical and functional networks and their related alterations, although the directionality of these relationships are still unresolved; and a new understanding of the molecular underpinning of disease-related alteration in resting-state brain activity.

Summary
Connectivity approaches are poised to greatly enhance the information that can be extracted from molecular imaging. While currently mostly contributing to enhancing understanding of brain function, they are highly likely to contribute to the identification of specific biomarkers that will improve disease management and clinical care.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) Classification using a bio-inspired Deep Oscillatory Neural Network
Authors: Ghosh Sayan , Vigneswaran C. , Rohan NR , Chakravarthy V.Srinivasa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we propose two models of oscillatory neural networks - the Deep Oscillatory Neural Network (DONN) and a convolutional variation of it named Oscillatory Convolutional Neural Network (OCNN) – and apply the models to a variety of problems involving the classification and prediction of Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Deep neural networks applied to signal processing problems will have to incorporate various architectural features to remember the history of the input signals e.g., loops between the layers, “gated” neurons, and tapped delay lines. But real brains have rich dynamics expressed in terms of frequency bands like alpha, beta, gamma, delta, etc. To incorporate this aspect of brain dynamics in a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) we propose to use nonlinear oscillators as dynamic neuron models in the hidden layers. The two oscillatory deep neural networks proposed are applied to the following EEG classification and prediction problems: Prediction of nearby EEG channels, classification of single-channel EEG data (healthy vs. epileptic, different stages of sleep stage classification), and multi-channel EEG data (Epileptic vs. Normal, Left vs. right-hand Motor imagery movement, and healthy vs. Claustrophobic EEG).