bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Region‐specific gene expression in early postnatal mouse thalamus
Authors: Yuge Kazuya , Kataoka Ayane , Yoshida Aya C. , Itoh Daisuke , Aggarwal Manisha , Mori Susumu , Blackshaw Seth , Shimogori Tomomi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPrevious studies in the developing mouse thalamus have demonstrated that regional identity is established during early stages of development (Suzuki‐Hirano et al. J. Comp. Neurol. 2011;519:528–543). However, the developing thalamus often shows little resemblance to the anatomical organization of the postnatal thalamus, making it difficult to identify genes that might mediate the organization of thalamic nuclei. We therefore analyzed the expression pattern of genes that we have identified as showing regional expression in embryonic thalamus on postnatal days (P) 6–8 by using in situ hybridization. We also identified several genes expressed only in the postnatal thalamus with restricted expression in specific nuclei. We first demonstrated the selective expression of neurotransmitter‐related genes (vGlut2, vGAT, D2R, and HTR2C), identifying the neurotransmitter subtypes of cells in this region, and we also demonstrated selective expression of additional genes in the thalamus (Steel, Slitrk6, and AI852580). In addition, we demonstrated expression of genes specific to somatosensory thalamic nuclei, the ventrobasal posterior nuclei (VP); a visual thalamic nucleus, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN); and an auditory thalamic nucleus, the medial geniculate body (MGB) (p57Kip, Nr1d1, and GFRα1). We also identified genes that are selectively expressed in multiple different nuclei (Foxp2, Chst2, and EphA8). Finally, we demonstrated that several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their inhibitors are expressed in the postnatal thalamus in a nucleus‐specific fashion, suggesting that BMPs play roles in the postnatal thalamus unrelated to their known role in developmental patterning. Our findings provide important information for understanding the mechanisms of nuclear specification and connectivity during development, as well as their maintenance in adult thalamus. J. Comp. Neurol. 519:544–561, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Versatile Functionalization of Nanoelectrodes by Oligonucleotides via Pyrrole Electrochemistry
Authors: Descamps Emeline , Nguyen Khoa , Bouchain‐Gautier Christelle , Filoramo Arianna , Goux‐Capes Laurence , Goffman Marcello , Bourgoin Jean‐Philippe , Mailley Pascal , Livache Thierry 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSurface modification at the nanometer scale is a challenge for the future of molecular electronics. In particular, the precise anchoring and electrical addressing of biological scaffolds such as complex DNA nanonetworks is of importance for generating bio‐directed assemblies of nano‐objects for nanocircuit purposes. Herein, we consider the individual modification of nanoelectrodes with different oligonucleotide sequences by an electrochemically driven co‐polymerization process of pyrrole and modified oligonucleotide sequences bearing pyrrole monomers. We demonstrate that this one‐step technique presents the advantages of simplicity, localization of surface modification, mechanical, biological and chemical stability of the coatings, and high lateral resolution.
Synthesis and Characterization of Oligonuclear Ru, Co and Cu Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Lee Bao‐Lin , Kärkäs Markus D. , Johnston Eric V. , Inge Andrew K. , Tran Lien‐Hoa , Xu Yunhua , Hansson Örjan , Zou Xiaodong , Åkermark Björn 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this work, we report the preparation and crystal structures of three new oligonuclear complexes, Ru2(bbpmp)(μ‐OAc)3 (4), [Co2(bbpmp)(μ‐OAc)(μ‐OMe)](PF6) (5), [Cu4(Hbbpmp)2(μ‐OAc)(H2O)2](OAc)(PF6)2 (6) {H3bbpmp = 2,6‐bis[(2‐hydroxybenzyl)‐(2‐pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]‐4‐methyl‐phenol (3)}. The structures of the complexes were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The oxidation states of ruthenium, cobalt and copper in the complexes are +3, +3 and +2, respectively. In 4 and 5, RuIII and CoIII are coordinated to four oxygen and two nitrogen atoms in an octahedral geometry, while in 6, CuII adopts both octahedral (CuN2O4) and square‐pyramidal (CuN2O3) geometry. The potential of the three complexes as oxidation catalysts has been investigated.
Study on the Pd/C‐Catalyzed (Retro‐)Michael Addition Reaction of Activated Methylene Compounds to Electron‐Poor Styrenes
Authors: Nikishkin Nicolai I. , Huskens Jurriaan , Verboom Willem 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPalladium on carbon (10 % Pd/C) efficiently catalyzes the (retro‐)Michael addition of activated methylene compounds 2a–d, such as malononitrile (2b), to mono‐ and doubly activated styrenes 1a–h to give the adducts 3a–l. The scope and limitations are described. The Knoevenagel condensation reaction of benzaldehyde and 2b or ethyl cyanoacetate (2c) is also catalyzed by 10 % Pd/C. In these cases the Michael adducts can even be prepared in a three‐component reaction. A mechanism, with as first step the oxidative addition of 2a–d to Pd0, is proposed.
Copper Iodide as a Recyclable Catalyst for BuchwaldN‐Arylation
Authors: Swapna Kokkirala , Murthy Sabbavarapu Narayana , Nageswar Yadavalli Venkata Durga 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn experimentally simple, efficient, and inexpensive catalyst system was developed for theN‐arylation of indole, substituted indoles, pyrazole, imidazole, benzamide, morpholine, benzimidazole, thiobenzamide, aniline, benzylaniline, octylaniline, heptylaniline, and cyclohexylaniline with aryl iodides and bromides by using CuI as catalyst,trans‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane (L1) as ligand, K2CO3as base, and water as solvent at 80 °C. The yields were excellent, and the catalytic system was recyclable up to four times without loss of catalytic activity.
Free‐solution interaction assay of carbonic anhydrase to its inhibitors using back‐scattering interferometry
Authors: Morcos Ereny F. , Kussrow Amanda , Enders Carolyn , Bornhop Darryl 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBack‐scattering interferometry (BSI) is a label‐free, free‐solution, small‐volume technique used for characterizing binding interactions, which is also relevant to a growing number of biosensing applications including drug discovery. Here, we use BSI to characterize the interaction of carbonic anhydrase enzyme II with five well‐known carbonic anhydrase enzyme II inhibitors (±sulpiride, sulfanilamide, benzene sulfonamide, dansylamide, and acetazolamide) in the presence of DMSO. Dissociation constants calculated for each interaction were consistent with literature values previously obtained using surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence‐based competition assays. Results demonstrate the potential of BSI as a drug‐screening tool which is fully compatible with DMSO and does not require immobilization or labeling, therefore allowing binding interactions to be characterized in the native state. BSI has the potential for reducing labor costs, sample consumption, and assay time while providing enhanced reliability over existing techniques.
Persistent aromatic pollutants removal using a combined process of electrochemical treatment and reverse osmosis/nanofiltration
Authors: Diogo João C. , Morão António , Lopes Ana 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe application of a combined electrochemical/membrane filtration process for treatment of wastewaters containing persistent pollutants was investigated. Phenol and an azo dye (Acid Orange 7, AO7) were used as model pollutants. A boron doped diamond electrode, the state‐of‐the‐art in electrode material, was used as anode in the electrochemical treatment, following previous excellent results obtained with this kind of electrodes in the removal of soluble organic compounds from aqueous solutions. Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes were used in the concentration step of a two‐stage combined process.The experimental conditions were selected in order to test the applicability of a model developed here, which predicts the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in the electrochemical treatment. The model was applied to estimate the COD evolution in the electrochemical reactor along a certain number of cycles of combined electrochemical/membrane filtration treatment using experimental data of observed rejections of the pollutants.In terms of the overall efficiency of the treatment, the results show that very high COD removal values can be obtained in both the cases of phenol and AO7, above 95%, when comparing the COD of the membrane permeates which constitute the treated effluent, with the feeding solutions. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011.
Evaluating the psychometric properties of the mental health Continuum‐Short Form (MHC‐SF)
Authors: Lamers Sanne M.A. , Westerhof Gerben J. , Bohlmeijer Ernst T. , ten Klooster Peter M. , Keyes Corey L.M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThere is a growing consensus that mental health is not merely the absence of mental illness, but it also includes the presence of positive feelings (emotional well‐being) and positive functioning in individual life (psychological well‐being) and community life (social well‐being). We examined the structure, reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the Mental Health Continuum‐Short Form (MHC‐SF), a new self‐report questionnaire for positive mental health assessment. We expected that the MHC‐SF is reliable and valid, and that mental health and mental illness are 2 related but distinct continua. This article draws on data of the LISS panel of CentERdata, a representative panel for Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences (N = 1,662). Results revealed high internal and moderate test‐retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the 3‐factor structure in emotional, psychological, and social well‐being. These subscales correlated well with corresponding aspects of well‐being and functioning, showing convergent validity. CFA supported the hypothesis of 2 separate yet related factors for mental health and mental illness, showing discriminant validity. Although related to mental illness, positive mental health is a distinct indicator of mental well‐being that is reliably assessed with the MHC‐SF. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 00:1–12, 2010.
Evolution and phylogenetic signal of growth trajectories: the case of chelid turtles
Authors: Wilson Laura A.B. , Sánchez‐Villagra Marcelo R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMorphological and molecular data yield incongruent hypotheses concerning the interrelationships of chelid side‐necked turtles, neither of which is widely accepted. Molecular studies recognize monophyletic South American and Australasian clades, whereas morphological characters distinguish a long‐necked clade and a short‐necked clade. We take a developmental approach to exploring chelid interrelationships. None of the nine species studied have the same growth pattern for all measurements examined, indicating changes in ontogenetic scaling of cranial characters was common during chelid evolution. The variability in scaling relationships precludes overwhelming support for either hypothesis. Scaling patterns are most similar between the geographically separate clades promoted by molecular analyses, and hence our data favor an independent origin of the long neck in South American and Australasian species. A close relationship betweenHydromedusaandChelus, rather thanChelodina, is supported by scaling patterns associated with a relative widening of the cranium. Our study exemplifies the utility of comparative ontogenetic trajectory data to test phylogenetic hypotheses.J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 316:50–60, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Naked DNA delivery to whole pig cardiac tissue by coronary sinus retrograde injection employing non‐invasive catheterization
Authors: Aliño Salvador F. , José Herrero María , Bodi Vicente , Noguera Inmaculada , Mainar Luis , Dasí Francisco , Sempere Alejo , Sánchez María , Díaz Ana , Sabater Luis , Lledó Salvador 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundHydrodynamic injection has demonstrated to be very efficient in the liver of small animals, although this procedure must be translated to the clinical practice in a milder but no less efficient way. The present study evaluates the capacity of non‐invasive interventional catheterization as a procedure for naked DNA delivery to the heart in large animals.MethodsTwo catheters were placed in the coronary sinus: one of them to block blood circulation and the other to retrogradely inject 50 ml of a saline solution of DNA (20 µg/ml) containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene, at a flow rate of 5 ml/s.ResultsThe results obtained show that EGFP protein, identified by immunohistochemistry, was present and widely distributed throughout the atrial and ventricular cardiac tissue. This observation agrees with the efficiency of EGFP gene delivery resulting in 1–200 EGFP gene copies per endogenous haploid genome. However, the transcription efficiency of the exogenous EGFP gene was at a ratio of 0.2–10 copies with respect to the endogenous GAPDH gene, suggesting that optimized gene constructs for expression in cardiac tissue could increase the final efficacy of gene transfer.ConclusionsWe conclude that the retrovenous injection of naked DNA in the coronary sinus employing the catheterization technique is an easy and probably safe method for whole cardiac gene transfer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of comprehensive on‐line liquid chromatography thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for characterization of sulfonated lignins
Authors: Brudin Stella , Kaal Erwin , Janssen Hans‐Gerd , Schoenmakers Peter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSulfonated lignins, used as dispersants in agrochemical formulations, have been characterized by hyphenation of ion‐pair RPLC and thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation–GC–MC (THM‐GC‐MS). The chemical structure of a series of selected lignins was evaluated, both in terms of overall composition and in terms of composition as a function of molecular size. Some sulfonated lignins give rise to unstable formulations. In the compositional analysis, these samples were found to yield additional fragments. A newly developed comprehensive method made it possible to monitor the occurrence of these fragments as a function of molecular size. In addition to differences in the molecular size between “good” and “bad” batches, clear differences in chemical composition were established.
Separation of water‐soluble polymers using capillary‐channeled polymer fiber stationary phases
Authors: Hilbert Katie J. , Marcus Richard Kenneth 
Published: October 2010

AbstractChromatographic separations of synthetic and natural polymers are usually affected by a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) mechanism. Although SEC is a proven method of separation based on hydrodynamic size, a chromatographic method based solely on chemical interactions would present certain advantages. This laboratory has been investigating the use of capillary‐channeled polymer (C‐CP) fibers as stationary phases in HPLC for the separation of biomacromolecules. C‐CP fibers allow highly efficient fluid transport and an amorphous surface structure, minimizing mass transfer effects commonly associated with porous, packed‐bed technologies. Choice of the base fiber identity allows flexibility in the potential types of solute–surface interactions. Two water‐soluble polymers, glycolic acid ethoxylate 4‐nonylphenyl ether, and poly(4‐vinylpyridine hydrochloride), were used as test solutes because of their similarities to polymers of interest in the consumer products industry. SEC separation of this pair was not possible due to the similarities in hydrodynamic size. Poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyester and nylon‐6 C‐CP fibers were evaluated as stationary phase materials. The former was found to offer superior chromatographic separations and recoveries when operating under what would be considered to be typical RP separation conditions: a flow rate of 1 mL/min and gradient of 0–100% H2O/ACN with 0.06% TFA over 5 min.
Alte und neue Endothelin‐Rezeptor‐Antagonisten. PAH und viele andere Indikationen
Authors: Schmitz Jens , Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRobert Furchgott fand bereits in den frühen 1980er Jahren heraus, dass Endothelzellen Substanzen produzieren, die den Tonus der Gefäßmuskulatur des kardiovaskulären Systems regulieren. Die Identifizierung des Peptids Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) als wichtigsten Mediator des Endothelin‐Systems durch Yanagisawa 1988 und kurz darauf die Aufklärung der physiologischen Rolle der Endotheline führte zu dem pharmakologischen Ansatz, die selektive Blockade der Endothelinrezeptoren therapeutisch bei der Pulmonalen Arteriellen Hypertonie (PAH) auszunutzen.
Bosentan in der Pädiatrie. Die ideale Arzneiform in der klinischen Studie
Authors: Ramusovic Sergej , Läer Stephanie , Breitkreutz Jörg 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDie pulmonale arterielle Hypertonie (PAH) ist bei Kindern ein seltenes Krankheitsbild. Aus der Gruppe der Endothelin‐Antagonisten ist nur Bosentan für die Behandlung der PAH bei pädiatrischen Patienten indiziert. Das 2009 zugelassene Produkt “Tracleer® 32 mg Tabletten zur Herstellung einer Suspension zum Einnehmen” wird in einer speziellen Zubereitung für die pädiatrische Verwendung angeboten.
Einfluss von grünem Tee auf die Bildung von Endothelin‐1. Inhaltsstoffe mit vasodilatatorischem Effekt
Authors: Unger Matthias 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn‐vitro‐Daten deuten darauf hin, dass durch den Konsum von grünem Tee in Endothelzellen von Blutgefäßen nicht nur die Bildung von NO gesteigert, sondern auch die Entstehung und Sekretion von vasokonstriktorisch aktivem Endothelin‐1 vermindert wird. Die verminderte Bildung und Sekretion von Endothelin‐1 dürfte mitverantwortlich sein für die bei häufigem Genuss von grünem Tee beobachtete Reduktion der kardiovaskulären Morbidität und Mortalität. Obwohl die Bioverfügbarkeit von Polyphenolen im allgemein eher gering ist, sprechen die sehr hohen EGCG‐Gehalte in grünem Tee (ca. 100 bis 200 mg/Tasse) für eine blutdrucksenkende Wirkung. Diese muss allerdings in klinischen Studien erst noch gezeigt werden.
Rückkehr in das Vor‐Semmelweis‐Zeitalter – MRSA, NDM‐1 und was kommt noch?
Authors: Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn die immer schnellere Verbreitung von Methicillin‐resistenten Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sowohl in Krankenhäusern als auch außerhalb haben wir uns in den letzten Jahren gewöhnt, obgleich die Behandlung bei Infektion mit diesem gram‐positiven Bakterium eine besondere Herausforderung für den Kliniker ist. In den USA erkranken z.B. ca. 94.000 Menschen jährlich an MRSA‐Infektionen, 19.000 Patienten überleben die Infektion nicht! Allerdings sind in den letzten Jahren einige Antibiotika auf den Markt gekommen, wie Linezolid oder Tigecylin, bzw. in der Pipeline, die helfen können, dass MRSA nicht an Oberhand gewinnt.
Therapie einer Ebola‐Infektion mit siRNA
Authors: Winckler Thomas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDas Ebola‐Virus gehört zweifelsohne zu den gefährlichsten Viren der Welt. Impfschutz oder antivirale Therapien gibt es nicht, die Infektion endet in 50 bis 90 % der Fälle tödlich. Ein neuer therapeutischer Ansatz nutzt einen siRNA‐Wirkstoff.
Copoly(p‐phenylene)s containing bipolar triphenylamine and 1,2,4‐triazole groups: Synthesis, optoelectronic properties, and applications
Authors: Wu Chia‐Shing , Chen Yun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTwo novel copoly(p‐phenylene)s (P1–P2) containing bipolar groups (12.8 and 6.8 mol %, respectively), directly linked hole transporting triphenylamine and electron transporting aromatic 1,2,4‐triazole, were synthesized to enhance electroluminescence (EL) of poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) derivatives. The bipolar groups not only enhance thermal stability but also promote electron affinity and hole affinity of the resulting copoly(p‐phenylene)s. Blending the bipolar copoly‐(p‐phenylene)s (P1–P2) with PPV derivatives (d6‐PPV) as an emitting layer effectively improve the emission efficiency of its electroluminescent devices [indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS)/polymer blend/Ca (50 nm)/Al (100 nm)]. The maximum luminance and maximum luminance efficiency were significantly enhanced from 310 cd m−2 and 0.03 cd A−1 (d6‐PPV‐based device) to 1450 cd m−2 and 0.20 cd A−1 (blend device with d6‐PPV/P1 = 96/4 containing ∼0.5 wt % of bipolar groups), respectively. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of the copoly(p‐phenylene)s with bipolar groups in enhancing EL of PPV derivatives. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Synthesis of polycarbosilanes by A2 + Bn (n = 2, 3, and 4) type hydrosilylation reaction and evaluation of their refractive index properties
Authors: Kudo Hiroto , Fujiwara Yusuke , Miyasaka Makoto , Nishikubo Tadatomi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPolycarbosilanes were synthesized by hydrosilylation reaction of A2 monomer containing bis SiH moieties and Bn (n = 2, 3, and 4) monomers containing di‐, tri‐, and tetra‐vinyl groups in the presence of Karstedt's catalyst. The corresponding linear polycarbosilanes (LPC) and hyperbranched polycarbosilanes (HBPC) having Mn 2200–51,500 were obtained in 34–94% yield, without any gel product. The values of refractive index (nD) of the synthesized LPC and HBPC were in the range from 1.460 to 1.711, and were consistent with the structures of the synthesized products. In the case of HBPC, the values of nD increased with increase of number‐average molecular weight (Mn), molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn), and glass transition temperature (Tg), apparently because of increased density due to the presence of microgels, that is, high refractive index hyperbranched carbosilanes could be synthesized by A2 + Bn (n = 3 and 4) method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
The development of a comprehensive needs assessment tool for cancer‐caregivers in patient–caregiver dyads
Authors: Shin Dong Wook , Park Jong‐Hyock , Shim Eun‐Jung , Park Jae‐Hyun , Choi Jin‐Young , Kim Sung Gyeong , Park Eun‐Cheol 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective: The assessment of a caregiver's needs is a critical step for determining appropriate support services, providing high quality care, and achieving caregiver satisfaction. However, a systematic assessment of family caregiver's needs is rarely practiced. This study reports the development and validation of a comprehensive needs assessment tool for cancer caregivers (CNAT‐C).Methods: Items of CNAT‐C were generated through literature review and refined through expert consultation and caregiver interview, and pilot test. Final 41‐item needs assessment tool for cancer was developed and validated in a large‐scale multi‐center survey involving 600 cancer patients‐family caregiver dyads in 10 cancer centers fairly distributed throughout Korea.Results: The content validity of CNAT‐C was established throughout the development process. Principal component analysis resulted in a seven‐factor structure explaining 66.4% of the total variance: (1) health and psychological problems (6 items), (2) family/social support (5 items), (3) health‐care staff (8 items), (4) information (8 items), (5) religious/spiritual support (2 items), (6) hospital facilities and services (6 items), and (7) practical support (6 items). The Cronbach alpha was 0.96 for the total scale, and those for the subscales ranged from 0.79 to 0.95. Caregiver needs were not highly correlated with patient needs when compared domain‐by‐domain. Known‐group validity was also supported by the tool's ability to detect significant differences according to various patient and caregiver characteristics.Conclusions: The CNAT‐C appears to be a valid and reliable measure to assess comprehensive and multidimensional needs in caregivers of cancer patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.