bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioarchaeological Analysis of Sacrificial Victims from a Postclassic Maya Temple from Ixlu, el Peten, Guatemala
Authors: Duncan William N. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractExcavations at the site of Ixlú in northern Guatemala recovered a series of skulls and dismembered postcrania from a Postclassic (ca. A.D. 1000—1525) Maya temple. The current study considers demography, taphonomy (including mortuary processing), cultural modification and biological distance among the remains in light of ethnohistoric and archaeological data. Doing so addresses who made the deposits, why they were made, and who was interred, and informs on the use of ritual violence in the Postclassic Southern Lowlands. Six skulls were arranged in pairs on the east-west midline of the building, and fifteen skulls were placed in rows in the center of the building. All of the skulls faced east. Four postcrania were placed perpendicular to the skull rows. The skulls and postcrania were primarily late adolescent to young adult males. Three of the individuals exhibited a rare dental trait, supernumerary teeth, indicating that at least some of the individuals were related. The most likely scenario to account for the deposits is that the Itzá, a dominant political group in the area, sacrificed enemy combatants drawn from raiding and buried them as a part of a dedicatory ritual in the temple.
Changing Patterns of Ritual Activity in an Unlooted Cave in Central Guatemala
Authors: Woodfill Brent K.S. , Guenter Stanley , Monterroso Mirza 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe Cave of Hun Nal Ye, located in central Guatemala, was discovered unlooted by a local landowner in 2005 and was immediately subject to investigation by the authors. The cave contained ritual remains dating to between the Terminal Pre-classic and Terminal Classic. In addition to allowing a detailed reconstruction of ritual activity in the northern highlands, its presence along the Great Western Trade Route allows archaeologists to examine hypotheses about interregional trade during the Classic period. In particular, changes in the ritual assemblage between the Early and Late Classic indicate that the cave was an important trade shrine for merchants and travelers passing between the highlands and lowlands until ca. A.D. 550, at which point it became a local shrine used to reinforce elite power. These changes are then linked to larger patterns occurring in other parts of the trade route, especially to Tikal and the kingdoms along the Pasión and Usumacinta rivers.
Luminescent Materials
Authors: Jüstel Thomas , Möller Stephanie , Winkler Holger , Adam Waldemar 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Inorganic Luminescent Materials1.1.Introduction1.2.Historical Aspects1.3.Luminescence of Crystalline Inorganic Phosphors1.3.1.Fundamental Steps in Luminescence Processes1.3.2.Luminescence Mechanisms1.3.3.Electroluminescence1.3.4.Excitation with High Energy Particles1.4.Preparation and Properties of Inorganic Phosphors1.4.1.Simple Oxides1.4.2.Borates1.4.3.Aluminates1.4.4.Gallates1.4.5.Silicates1.4.6.Germanates1.4.7.Phosphates1.4.8.Halophosphates1.4.9.Arsenates1.4.10.Vanadates1.4.11.Niobates and Tantalates1.4.12.Sulfates1.4.13.Molybdates and Tungstates1.4.14.Oxysulfides1.4.15.Sulfides and Selenides1.4.15.1.Zinc and Cadmium Sulfides and Sulfoselenides1.4.15.2.Alkaline‐Earth Sulfides and Sulfoselenides1.4.16.Oxyhalides1.4.17.Halides1.4.18.Oxynitrides1.4.19.Nitrides1.5.Application Areas of Luminescent Materials1.5.1.Gas Discharge Lighting1.5.1.1.Low‐Pressure Mercury Discharge Lamps (Fluorescent Lamps)1.5.1.2.UV Emitting Fluorescent Lamps1.5.1.3.High‐pressure Mercury Discharge Lamps1.5.1.4.High‐Voltage Advertisement Lighting Tubes1.5.2.Solid State Lighting1.5.2.1.White Light Emitted by Phosphor Converted LEDs1.5.2.2.Backlighting Applications of Phosphor Converted LEDs1.5.2.3.General Lighting Applications of Phosphor Converted LEDs1.5.3.X‐ray Amplifiers and Scintillators1.5.4.Cathode Ray Tubes1.5.5.Product Coding1.5.6.Safety and Accident Prevention1.5.7.Dentistry1.5.8.Medical and Biochemical Applications1.6.Testing of Industrial Phosphors1.6.1.Emission Colour1.6.2.Performance1.6.3.Particle Morphology1.6.4.Surface Properties2.Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence2.1.Introduction2.2.History2.3.Mechanisms of Light Emission2.4.Efficiency of Light Emission2.5.Application Areas2.5.1.Lighting2.5.2.Chemical Analysis2.5.3.Biotechnology2.5.4.Medicine
Laboratory Information and Management Systems (
LIMS
)
Authors: Kloos Thomas , Schuchardt Klaus , Schymik Reinhard 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Definition

2.1.

Historical Development

2.2.

Task Areas

2.3.

Functionality

3.

Objectives

4.

LIMS in an Information Network

5.

Elements of a LIMS

5.1.

Data Areas

5.2.

Analysis ‐ Sample

5.3.

Forms of Order

6.

Basic Functionality

6.1.

Registration

6.2.

Sample Distribution ‐ Dissemination of Information

6.3.

Work Planning

6.4.

Recording of Results

6.5.

Validation

6.6.

Closing of Orders

6.7.

Publication

6.8.

Backup and Archiving

6.9.

Reserve ‐ Waste Disposal of Samples

7.

Expanded Functionality

7.1.

Helpful Technical Features

7.2.

Interfaces to other Systems

7.3.

Cost Accounting

7.4.

Inventory Management

7.5.

Internal Quality System

8.

Adaptation of LIMS to Laboratory Tasks

9.

LIMS as a Component of Quality Assurance

10.

Development Prospects
Contribution of obesity to the rise in incidence of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Crowson Cynthia S. , Matteson Eric L. , Davis John M. , Gabriel Sherine E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveObesity is an underrecognized risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In recent years, both the prevalence of obesity and the incidence of RA have been rising. Our objective was to determine whether the “obesity epidemic” could explain the recent rise in the incidence of RA.MethodsAn inception cohort of Olmsted County, Minnesota residents who fulfilled the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria for RA in 1980–2007 was compared to population‐based controls (matched on age, sex, and calendar year). Heights, weights, and smoking statuses were collected from medical records. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the influence of obesity on developing RA. Population attributable risk was used to estimate the incidence of RA in the absence of obesity.ResultsThe study included 813 patients with RA and 813 controls. Both groups had extensive medical history available prior to the incidence/index date (mean 32.2 years), and ∼30% of each group was obese at the incidence/index date. The history of obesity was significantly associated with developing RA (odds ratio 1.24, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.53; adjusted for smoking status). In 1985–2007, the incidence of RA rose by an increment of 9.2 per 100,000 among women. Obesity accounted for 4.8 per 100,000 (52%) of this increase.ConclusionObesity is associated with a modest risk for developing RA. Given the rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity, this has had a significant impact on RA incidence and may account for much of the recent increase in the incidence of RA.
Leak detection of gas pipelines based on Wigner distribution
Authors: Zhai Shouchao , Yang Fan , Yang Hongying , Ye Hao , Wang Guizeng 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTLeak detection of gas pipelines based on acoustic signals has drawn intensive attention in recent years because of its advantages over the widely adopted method based on negative pressure wave. However, detection of a small leakage in a long gas pipeline with a low pressure and complex disturbances is still a challenging problem, because in this case, the leak acoustic signal that arrives at a transducer may be weak and thus thoroughly covered by disturbances. This paper reports on the application of the Wigner–Ville distribution (WVD) method in leak detection of gas pipelines based on acoustic signals. The WVD of the acoustic transducer signal is used to find the sensitive frequency band corresponding to a leak and to detect the leak acoustic signal from strong disturbances. To suppress the influence of cross terms of the WVD, we adopted a time‐averaging WVD. Offline tests based on historical leak experimental data of a real pipeline show the effectiveness of the method in detecting leak faults of a long gas pipeline with a low pressure and strong disturbances. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic review to calculate background miscarriage rates using life table analysis
Authors: Ammon Avalos Lyndsay , Galindo Claudia , Li De‐Kun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe objectives of the current study were to calculate: (1) the expected rates of miscarriage by gestational week; (2) the cumulative risk of miscarriage; and (3) the remaining risk of miscarriage for gestational weeks five through 20, through a systematic review of the literature. We searched MEDLINE for articles published in English through the end of 2009. References of articles were also searched. Four studies were identified to have the three necessary pieces of information for the proposed calculations: (1) gestational age at study entry, (2) pregnancy outcome; and (3) the gestational age at which the pregnancy outcome occurred. Data were extracted from each study and Life Table Analysis Methods were conducted. Weekly miscarriage rates varied in the early gestational weeks with the highest rate documented at >20 miscarriages per 1000 women‐weeks at each week of gestation prior to week 13. By week 14, the rate for all studies became relatively comparable and fell below 10 miscarriages per 1000 woman‐weeks at risk and fell even lower through week 20. The cumulative risk of miscarriage for weeks 5 through 20 of gestation ranged from 11 miscarriages per 100 women to 22 miscarriages per 100 women (11–22%). Based on data from comparable study populations, a range of background miscarriage rates by week of gestation for weeks 5 through 20, the cumulative risk of miscarriage, and the remaining risk of miscarriage are presented. Wider variation of miscarriage rates and risks occurred early in gestation (<14 weeks). Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hirschsprung's disease in the North of England: Prevalence, associated anomalies, and survival
Authors: Best Kate E. , Glinianaia Svetlana V. , Bythell Mary , Rankin Judith 
Published: April 2012

AbstractINTRODUCTIONHirschsprung's disease is the commonest congenital gut motility disorder, characterized by the absence of the enteric ganglion cells along the distal gut, which causes intestinal obstruction. Few publications report its epidemiology and temporal trends.METHODSCases of Hirschsprung's disease delivered during 1990 to 2008 in the North of England reported to the Northern Congenital Abnormality Survey (NorCAS) formed this population‐based case series.RESULTSOf 612,916 live births, 105 cases were reported to NorCAS. After excluding one diabetic and four multiple pregnancies, the live birth prevalence was 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33–1.98) per 10,000 live births. There was a significant temporal increase in the prevalence of Hirschsprung's disease (p = 0.020), from 1.26 (95% CI, 0.80–1.89) in 1990 to 1994 to 2.29 (95% CI, 1.53–3.29) in 2005 to 2008. The ratio of male to female cases was 2:1. Ten (10.0%) cases occurred with Down syndrome, one with Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz Syndrome, and six (6.0%) with associated structural anomalies. The remaining 83 (83.0%) cases were isolated. All cases were live born, but nine (9.0%) died in the first year of life. Hirschsprung's disease was not prenatally suspected in any case. Half the cases were diagnosed within 5 days postpartum, but time of diagnosis ranged from birth to 5 years of age.CONCLUSIONThis study confirmed a male predominance and an association with Down syndrome, but also founda temporal increase in Hirschsprung's disease prevalence. No cases were suspected prenatally, but half were diagnosed within 5 days of life. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical outcomes after bare‐metal stenting in diabetic patients with lesions carrying a low risk of restenosis
Authors: Woudstra Pier , Damman Peter , Beijk Marcel A.M. , Grundeken Maik J.D. , Harskamp Ralf E. , Koch Karel T. , Henriques José P.S. , Baan Jan , Vis Marije M. , Piek Jan J. , Tijssen Jan G.P. , de Winter Robbert J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical results of diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for coronary artery lesions carrying a low risk of restenosis treated with a bare‐metal stent (BMS).BackgroundThere is a discrepancy between current international guidelines on the use of BMS in diabetics with low risk of restenosis coronary artery lesions.Methods and ResultsRegistry data from diabetic patients who underwent non‐urgent PCI in a high‐volume tertiary referral hospital in the Netherlands was used. The main outcomes were target lesion revascularization (TLR) and the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization at 1‐year of follow‐up. A total of 1,951 patients were included, of which 1,596 non‐diabetics (non‐DM), 231 non‐insulin requiring diabetics (NIRDM), and 124 insulin requiring diabetics (IRDM).TLR rates in non‐DM versus NIRDM were similar (6.3% vs. 5.6%; P = 0.68), whereas TLR in IRDM was higher (6.3% vs. 11.3%; P = 0.03). The composite of cardiovascular clinical outcomes was not significantly different in non‐DM versus NIRDM (9.5% vs. 13.4%; P = 0.07), though in IRDM the incidence was higher (9.5% vs. 17.7%; P < 0.01).ConclusionNo differences were observed in TLR or composite clinical endpoint at 1‐year between non‐DM and NIRDM after BMS placement in coronary artery lesions carrying a low risk of restenosis. The presence of IRDM was associated with higher TLR rates when treated with BMS. These results imply that BMS placement may be considered in patients with NIRDM but further work is required to define treatment strategies and, more importantly, improve the outcomes in diabetics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paclitaxel versus sirolimus eluting stents in diabetic patients: Does stent type and/or stent diameter matter?: Long‐term clinical outcome of 2,429‐patient multicenter registry
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Facchin Michela , Capodanno Davide , Musumeci Giuseppe , Saia Francesco , Menozzi Alberto , Meliga Emanuele , Mancone Massimo , Lettieri Corrado , Tamburino Corrado 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundDrug‐eluting stents (DES) are more effective in reducing restenosis than bare‐metal stents. Less certain is the relative performance of the two widely used DES—sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES) and paclitaxel‐eluting stents (PES)—in diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).ObjectivesWe studied the long‐term effectiveness and safety of SES versus PES in diabetic patients, overall and grouped by the size of the stent placed in the native‐stented vessel.MethodsData were obtained from an observational, multicenter registry of 2,429 consecutive patients with DM who underwent PCI between August 2003 and August 2009 with SES (n = 1,370) or PES (n = 1,059). Data were analyzed separately for patients with small stents (<3.0 mm, n = 1,274) vs. only large (≥3.0 mm, n = 1,155).ResultsAt Cox‐adjusted analysis of the overall cohort, there was no significant difference between SES and PES with regard to death/myocardial infarction (D/MI) (P = 0.6) or target lesion revascularization (TLR) (P = 0.3) either in “small‐stent” (D/MI, P = 0.8; TLR, P = 0.2) or “large stent” group (D/MI, P = 0.8; TLR, P = 0.4) throughout 1 to 5‐year follow‐up. These results were confirmed by sensitivity, propensity‐score matched analysis (717 matched pairs) that failed to find differences in the safety and efficacy between SES and PES.ConclusionsIn this large observational study, PES and SES were equally safe and efficacious in diabetic patients undergoing PCI in clinical practice, regardless of the stent size. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of differential right‐to‐left shunting on systemic perfusion in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Weimar Timo , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Kazui Toshinobu , Lee Urvi S. , Montecalvo Alessandro , Schuessler Richard B. , Moon Marc R. 
Published: April 2012

ObjectivesThis study aimed at identifying the ideal right‐to‐left shunt‐fraction to improve cardiac output (CO) and systemic perfusion in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PHT).BackgroundAtrial septostomy (AS) has been a high‐risk therapeutic option for symptomatic drug‐refractory patients with PHT. Results have been unpredictable due to limited knowledge of the optimal shunt‐quantity.MethodsIn nine dogs, an 8‐mm shunt‐prosthesis was inserted between the superior vena cava (SVC) and the left atrium. With pulmonary artery (PA) banding, mean (±SEM) systolic right ventricular pressure increased from 37 ± 1 mm Hg at baseline to 44 ± 1 mm Hg (moderate PHT, P = 0.005) and 50 ± 2 mm Hg (severe PHT, P < 0.001). Shunt‐flow was adjusted by total (forcing all flow through the shunt) or partial occlusion of the SVC and partial or total clamping of the shunt. Caval‐, shunt‐, and aortic‐flow were measured by ultrasonic flow‐probes. Blood gases were drawn from the aortic root and PA.ResultsAt severe PHT, a shunt‐flow of 11 ± 1% of CO (253 ± 90 mL/min) increased CO significantly by 25% (1.8 ± 0.1 to 2.4 ± 0.2 L/min, P = 0.005) causing an increase of systemic oxygen delivery index (DO2I) by 23% (309 ± 23 to 399 ± 32 mL/min/m2, P = 0.035). Arterial O2‐saturation did not change significantly until a shunt‐flow of 18 ± 2% was exceeded, causing a drop from 96 ± 1% to 84 ± 4% (P = 0.013). At moderate PHT, CO or DO2I did not improve significantly at any shunt‐flow.ConclusionsIn severe PHT, a shunt‐flow of 11% of CO represented the ideal shunt‐fraction. Augmentation of CO compensated for declined O2‐saturation due to right‐to‐left shunting and improved DO2I. In moderate PHT, AS is less promising. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystallization, Dehydration, and Phase Transformations of Diastereomeric Salts: L‐Ephedrine and D‐Tartaric Acid
Authors: Wu H. , Jones A. G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA screening of crystallization conditions for the diastereomeric salts formed by L/D‐tartaric acid and a common chiral resolving agent, L‐ephedrine, in water is reported. Eight different salts with 1:1 and 2:1 stoichiometries were synthesized, identified, and characterized, including three previously reported LL‐salts. All new LD‐salts were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric and elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, solid‐state NMR, and powder XRD. 1:1 LD‐tartrate is anhydrous and 2:1 LD‐tartrate crystallizes as a monohydrate; its dehydration and phase transformations on heating were monitored in situ by variable‐temperature XRD and hot‐stage microscopy.
Interplay between Cationic and Neutral Species in the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroaminomethylation Reaction
Authors: Crozet Delphine , Gual Aitor , McKay David , Dinoi Chiara , Godard Cyril , Urrutigoïty Martine , Daran Jean‐Claude , Maron Laurent , Claver Carmen , Kalck Philippe 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe reactivity of [Rh(CO)2{(R,R)‐PhBPE}]BF4 (2) toward amine, CO and/or H2 was examined by high‐pressure NMR and IR spectroscopy. The two cationic pentacoordinated species [Rh(CO)3{(R,R)‐PhBPE}]BF4 (4) and [Rh(CO)2(NHC5H10){(R,R)‐Ph‐BPE}]BF4 (8) were identified. The transformation of 2 into the neutral complex [RhH(CO)2{(R,R)‐PhBPE}] (3) under hydroaminomethylation conditions (CO/H2, amine) was investigated. The full mechanisms related to the formation of 3, 4 and 8 starting from 2 are supported by DFT calculations. In particular, the pathway from 2 to 3 revealed the deprotonation by the amine of the dihydride species [Rh(H)2(CO)2{(R,R)‐PhBPE}]BF4 (6), resulting from the oxidative addition of H2 on 2.
Insight into the Reaction Mechanisms of (MeC5H4)3U with Isoelectronic Heteroallenes CS2, COS, PhN3, and PhNCO by DFT Studies: A Unique Pathway that Involves Bimetallic Complexes
Authors: Castro Ludovic , Maron Laurent 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe mechanisms of the reduction of four isoelectronic heteroallenes (CS2, COS, PhN3, and PhNCO) by trivalent uranium complex (MeC5H4)3U were determined by using DFT methods. The experimental formation of either the bimetallic CS2 and the PhNCO uranium(IV) adducts or the bimetallic sulfide complex (COS) and the monometallic uranium(V) phenylimide complex (PhN3) were rationalized. The formation of the products was explained by a unique reaction mechanism with a uranium(IV)‐bridged heteroallene intermediate.
Directed Supramolecular Surface Assembly of SNAP‐tag Fusion Proteins
Authors: Uhlenheuer Dana A. , Wasserberg Dorothee , Haase Christian , Nguyen Hoang D. , Schenkel Jan Hendrik , Huskens Jurriaan , Ravoo Bart Jan , Jonkheijm Pascal , Brunsveld Luc 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSupramolecular assembly of proteins on surfaces and vesicles was investigated by site‐selective incorporation of a supramolecular guest element on proteins. Fluorescent proteins were site‐selectively labeled with bisadamantane by SNAP‐tag technology. The assembly of the bisadamantane functionalized SNAP‐fusion proteins on cyclodextrin‐coated surfaces yielded stable monolayers. The binding of the fusion proteins is specific and occurs with an affinity in the order of 106 M−1 as determined by surface plasmon resonance. Reversible micropatterns of the fusion proteins on micropatterned cyclodextrin surfaces were visualized by using fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, the guest‐functionalized proteins could be assembled out of solution specifically onto the surface of cyclodextrin vesicles. The SNAP‐tag labeling of proteins thus allows for assembly of modified proteins through a host–guest interaction on different surfaces. This provides a new strategy in fabricating protein patterns on surfaces and takes advantage of the high labeling efficiency of the SNAP‐tag with designed supramolecular elements.
Structural Study at the Gas‐Liquid Interface of 1‐Alkyl‐3‐Methylimidazolium Alkylsulfates Using Surface Potential Measurements
Authors: Martinez Imee Su , Santos Cherry , Baldelli Steven 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSum frequency generation, surface potential, and surface tension measurements have been combined on the pure ionic‐liquid–gas interface for 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium alkylsulfate ionic liquids. The results show that surface potential of the ionic liquid generally increases as the alkyl chain on the cation or anion increases in length. This is due to the increased ordering of the surface dipole, mostly coming from the terminal methyl group of the alkyl chain. Both sum frequency generation spectroscopy and surface potential measurements suggest that the charged components, that is, the aromatic ring and the sulfate, occupy nearly the same plane at the surface for all ionic liquids studied herein.