bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Exercise Training Extends Influenza Vaccine Seroprotection in Sedentary Older Adults: The Immune Function Intervention Trial
Authors: Woods Jeffrey A. , Keylock K. Todd , Lowder Thomas , Vieira Victoria J. , Zelkovich William , Dumich Sara , Colantuano Kim , Lyons Kristin , Leifheit Kurt , Cook Marc , Chapman‐Novakofski Karen , McAuley Edward 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVES:To determine whether cardiovascular exercise training resulted in improved antibody responses to influenza vaccination in sedentary elderly people who exhibited poor vaccine responses.DESIGN:Single‐site randomized parallel‐arm 10‐month controlled trial.SETTING:University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign.PARTICIPANTS:One hundred forty‐four sedentary, healthy older (69.9 ± 0.4) adults.INTERVENTIONS:Moderate (60–70% maximal oxygen uptake) cardiovascular exercise was compared with flexibility and balance training.MEASUREMENTS:The primary outcome was influenza vaccine response, as measured according to hemagglutination inhibition (HI) anti‐influenza antibody titer and seroprotective responses (HI titer ≥40). Secondary measures included cardiovascular fitness and body composition.RESULTS:Of the 160 participants enrolled, 144 (90%) completed the 10‐month intervention with excellent compliance (∼83%). Cardiovascular, but not flexibility, exercise intervention resulted in improvements in indices of cardiovascular fitness, including maximal oxygen uptake. Although not affecting peak (e.g., 3 and 6 weeks) postvaccine anti‐influenza HI titers, cardiovascular exercise resulted in a significant increase in seroprotection 24 weeks after vaccination (30–100% dependent on vaccine variant), whereas flexibility training did not.CONCLUSION:Participants randomized to cardiovascular exercise experienced improvements in influenza seroprotection throughout the entire influenza season, whereas those in the balance and flexibility intervention did not. Although there were no differences in reported respiratory tract infections, the exercise group exhibited reduced overall illness severity and sleep disturbance. These data support the hypothesis that regular endurance exercise improves influenza vaccine responses.
Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis in Thirty‐Three Horses
Authors: PANIZZI LUCA , BARBER SPENCER M. , LANG HAYLEY M. , CARMALT JAMES L. 
Published: December 2009

Objective—To describe signalment, clinical, and radiographic changes associated with carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (CMC‐OA) and to report long‐term outcome.Study Design—Case series.Animals—Horses (n=33) with CMC‐OA.Methods—Medical records (1992–2007) of horses diagnosed with CMC‐OA were reviewed and signalment, clinical, and radiographic findings retrieved. Owners were contacted for information on the impact of lameness on intended use, response to treatment, progression of lameness, outcome, and owner satisfaction with response to treatment.Results—CMC‐OA identified in 39 limbs, occurred predominantly in middle‐aged and older Quarter Horses and Arabians, and caused severe lameness that prevented normal use. Characteristic swelling was centered over the 2nd metacarpal bone/2nd carpal bone articulation. Radiographic changes consisted of proliferative new bone, narrowed joint space, and subchondral lysis. Of 20 horses with follow‐up, 7 of 14 treated horses were euthanatized within 4 years and 4 of 5 nontreated horses within 3 years. Response to treatment was short lived and considered very poor by most owners.Conclusion—CMC‐OA seemingly occurs primarily in Quarter Horses and Arabians in our region. Response to conservative treatment is very poor and short‐lived with most horses being euthanatized.Clinical Relevance—Conventional treatment methods are unsuccessful for treating CMC‐OA.
Race Performance After Laryngoplasty and Ventriculocordectomy in National Hunt Racehorses
Authors: BARAKZAI SAFIA Z. , BODEN LISA A. , DIXON PADRAIC M. 
Published: December 2009

Objective— To evaluate the effect of laryngoplasty (LP) on race performance in longer distance (National Hunt) Thoroughbred racehorses.Study Design— Case‐control study.Animals— National Hunt Thoroughbred racehorses (n=71) and race‐matched controls (n=126).Methods— Race records for National Hunt racehorses that had LP and ventriculocordectomy were analyzed and racing performance was compared with race‐matched controls.Results— Sixty‐three of 71 cases were matched with controls. Postoperatively, 78% of cases raced, 47% improved their individual performance and cases were as likely to start in 1 or 3 races as controls. In the 5 preoperative races, case horses earned less prize money than race‐matched controls but there was no difference in prize money earned in 5 postoperative races between groups. Cases started in significantly fewer total (lifetime) races both before and after the date of surgery compared with controls.Conclusions— LP seemingly restored short‐term postoperative racing performance of National Hunt horses to a level comparable with that of a matched control population; however, the career “longevity” of case horses appears to be shorter than that of control horses.Clinical Relevance— LP appears to be a suitable treatment for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in National Hunt racehorses.
Biologic Behavior and Clinical Outcome of 25 Dogs with Canine Appendicular Chondrosarcoma Treated by Amputation: A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology Retrospective Study
Authors: FARESE JAMES P. , KIRPENSTEIJN JOLLE , KIK MARJA , BACON NICHOLAS J. , WALTMAN SUZANNE SHELLY , SEGUIN BERNARD , KENT MICHAEL , LIPTAK JULIUS , STRAW ROD , CHANG MYRON N. , JIANG YANG , WITHROW STEPHEN J. 
Published: December 2009

Objective— To characterize biologic behavior, clinical outcome, and effect of histologic grade on prognosis for dogs with appendicular chondrosarcoma treated by amputation alone.Study Design— Case series.Animals— Dogs (n=25) with appendicular chondrosarcoma.Methods— Medical records were searched to identify dogs with appendicular chondrosarcoma treated by limb amputation alone. Information recorded included signalment, anatomic location, radiographic appearance, and development of metastasis. Histopathologic diagnosis was confirmed and graded (1, 2, or 3). Survival curves were generated by the Kaplan–Meier method and the association between covariates (gender, age, weight, and tumor grade) and survival were evaluated using the univariate proportional hazards model.Results— Histopathology slides were available for 25 dogs. Rates of pulmonary metastasis were as follows: grade 1–0%, grade 2–31%, and grade 3–50%. Overall median survival time (MST) was 979 days. Age, weight, and sex were not significantly associated with survival (P=.16; .33; and .31, respectively). Survival was significantly associated with tumor grade (P=.008), with dogs with tumor grade of 1, 2, and 3 having MSTs of 6, 2.7, and 0.9 years, respectively.Conclusion— Canine appendicular chondrosarcoma can be treated effectively with amputation alone. Low to intermediate grade chondrosarcoma has a good prognosis, whereas high‐grade tumors appear to behave aggressively.Clinical Relevance— The overall prognosis for appendicular chondrosarcoma is better than that of appendicular osteosarcoma treated by amputation alone or in combination with chemotherapy.
Resident Training in Emergency Ultrasound: Consensus Recommendations from the 2008 Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors Conference
Authors: Akhtar Saadia , Theodoro Dan , Gaspari Romolo , Tayal Vivek , Sierzenski Paul , LaMantia Joseph , Stahmer Sarah , Raio Chris 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOver the past 25 years, research performed by emergency physicians (EPs) demonstrates that bedside ultrasound (US) can improve the care of emergency department (ED) patients. At the request of the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors (CORD), leaders in the field of emergency medicine (EM) US met to delineate in consensus fashion the model “US curriculum” for EM residency training programs. The goal of this article is to provide a framework for providing US education to EM residents. These guidelines should serve as a foundation for the growth of resident education in EM US. The intent of these guidelines is to provide minimum education standards for all EM residency programs to refer to when establishing an EUS training program. The document focuses on US curriculum, US education, and competency assessment. The use of US in the management of critically ill patients will improve patient care and thus should be viewed as a required skill set for all future graduating EM residents. The authors consider EUS skills critical to the development of an emergency physician, and a minimum skill set should be mandatory for all graduating EM residents. The US education provided to EM residents should be structured to allow residents to incorporate US into daily clinical practice. Image acquisition and interpretation alone are insufficient. The ability to integrate findings with patient care and apply them in a busy clinical environment should be stressed.
A Four‐Year Perspective of Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Tests: An Online Testing Tool for Medical Students
Authors: Senecal Emily L. , Thomas Stephen H. , Beeson Michael S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNationwide survey findings that most U.S. emergency medicine clerkship directors were interested in participating in a methodologically rigorous student testing program prompted the development of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Medical Student Online Testing Service (SAEM Tests). This article describes the development of SAEM Tests and details usage and progress since the on‐line release in June 2005. Specifically, we review the construction of SAEM Tests and present validity and difficulty statistics obtained at the first analysis of test performance 6 months after its release and again 12 months later after revisions aimed at enhancing test performance. We then review the current status of SAEM Tests and summarize future goals and directions.
Teaching Across the Generation Gap: A Consensus from the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors 2009 Academic Assembly
Authors: Moreno‐Walton Lisa , Brunett Patrick , Akhtar Saadia , DeBlieux Peter M. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground:  Four distinct generations of physicians currently coexist within the emergency medicine (EM) workforce, each with its own unique life experience, perspective, attitude, and expectation of work and education. To the best of our knowledge, no investigations or consensus statements exist that specifically address the effect of intergenerational differences on undergraduate and graduate medical education in EM.Objectives:  To review the existing literature on generational differences as they pertain to workforce expectations, educational philosophy, and learning styles and to create a consensus statement based on the shared insights of experienced educators in EM, with specific recommendations to improve the effectiveness of EM residency training programs.Methods:  A group of approximately one hundred EM program directors (PDs), assistant PDs, and other academic faculty attending an annual conference of emergency physician (EP) educators gathered at a breakout session and working group to examine the literature on intergenerational differences, to share insights and discuss interventions tailored to address these stylistic differences, and to formulate consensus recommendations.Results:  A set of specific recommendations, including effective educational techniques, was created based on literature from other professions and medical disciplines, as well as the contributions of a diverse group of EP educators.Conclusions:  Recommendations included early establishment of clear expectations and consequences, emphasis on timely feedback and individualized guidance during training, explicit reinforcement of a patient‐centered care model, use of peer modeling and support, and emphasis on more interactive and small‐group learning techniques.
A literature review of aesthetic perceptions of dental fluorosis and relationships with psychosocial aspects/oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Chankanka Oitip , Levy Steven M. , Warren John J. , Chalmers Jane M. 
Published: December 2009

Chankanka O, Levy SM, Warren JJ, Chalmers JM. A literature review of aesthetic perceptions of dental fluorosis and relationships with psychosocial aspects/oral health‐related quality of life. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Aesthetic perceptions and oral health‐related quality of life concerning dental fluorosis have been assessed in several studies during the past two decades. However, no comprehensive review article summarizing the studies investigating this issue has been published.Objective:  To assess the relationships between perceptions of dental appearance/oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and dental fluorosis.Methods:  The PubMed database was searched using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) for English‐language studies from 1985 to March 2009. Thirty‐five articles qualified for inclusion and then were classified into three categories based on the type of study approach: (i) respondent review of photographs and assessment concerning satisfaction/acceptance, (ii) respondent assessment of study subject’s teeth concerning satisfaction/acceptance, and (iii) respondent assessments of the psychosocial/OHRQoL impact.Results:  There were varied results from earlier studies focused on satisfaction/acceptance of very mild to mild fluorosis. More recent studies with methodological improvements to assess impact on quality of life clearly showed that mild fluorosis was not a concern. Furthermore, mild fluorosis was sometimes associated with improved OHRQoL. Severe fluorosis was consistently reported to have negative effects on OHRQoL.Conclusion:  Because dental fluorosis in the United States and other nations without high levels of naturally‐occurring fluoride is mild or very mild, with little impact on OHRQoL, dental professionals should emphasize the appropriate use of fluorides for caries prevention and preventing moderate/severe fluorosis.
Serum concentration of L‐kynurenine predicts the clinical outcome of patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with R‐CHOP
Authors: Yoshikawa Takeshi , Hara Takeshi , Tsurumi Hisashi , Goto Naoe , Hoshi Masato , Kitagawa Junichi , Kanemura Nobuhiro , Kasahara Senji , Ito Hiroyasu , Takemura Masao , Saito Kuniaki , Seishima Mitsuru , Takami Tsuyoshi , Moriwaki Hisataka 
Published: December 2009

Abstract Purpose: Introduction of rituximab has largely improved the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma(DLBCL). Such change in therapeutic outcome necessitates the identification of additional prognostic factors to conventional indexes that have been validated for CHOP without rituximab. Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) exerts intense immunomodulatory effects because of enzymatic activities that catalyze the breakdown of the essential amino acid L‐tryptophan. The activity of IDO can be estimated by measuring the serum concentration of L‐kynurenine. Here, we investigated the role of L‐kynurenine as a prognostic marker in R‐CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) therapy. Experimental design: Data from 73 consecutive patients treated with eight cycles of R‐CHOP or R‐THP (tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin)‐COP between December 2002 and March 2007 were analyzed. L‐kynurenine concentrations in serum samples obtained at admission were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Results: The median serum L‐kynurenine level was 1.575 μm (range 0.537–9.588). The complete response (CR) rates of patients with L‐kynurenine <1.5 and ≥1.5 μm were 83% and 61%, respectively (P < 0.05). The three‐yr overall survival (OS) rates for patients with L‐kynurenine <1.5 and ≥1.5 μm were 89% and 58%, respectively (P < 0.005). In addition, higher age, poor performance status, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase, and unfavorable as well as revised International Prognosis Index were significantly worse factors for CR rate and OS. Multivariate analyses revealed only L‐kynurenine as an independent prognostic factor for OS. Conclusions: Serum L‐kynurenine might be a novel prognostic factor to determine the treatment outcome of DLBCL with the R‐CHOP regimen.
The use of a profilometer for both quantitative and qualitative measurements of toothpaste abrasivity
Authors: Liljeborg A , Tellefsen G , Johannsen G 
Published: December 2009

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene 8, 2010; 237–243 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2009.00433.x Liljeborg A, Tellefsen G, Johannsen G. The use of a profilometer for both quantitative and qualitative measurements of toothpaste abrasivity.Abstract:  Aim:  To evaluate the abrasivity of different toothpastes both quantitatively and qualitatively with a profilometer technique and to correlate these findings to the radioactive dentin abrasivity (RDA) value.Materials and methods:  Acrylic plates were exposed to brushing in a brushing machine with 11 different toothpastes. The results were evaluated using a profilometer. A surface roughness value (Ra‐value), that is, a qualitative measurement, and also a volume value, that is, a quantitative measurement, were calculated from the profilometer results. These values were then correlated to each other and to the RDA‐value. A comparison between RDA, Ra and volume measurements was performed using linear fitting procedure.Results:  The results showed that the correlation between RDA and Ra measurements was low (R2 = 0.04) and also that the correlation between RDA and volume measurements was low (R2 = 0.00002). Correlation between Ra and abraded volume was high (R2 = 0.87).Conclusions:  It is important to consider not only the RDA‐value when evaluating toothpaste abrasivity. From the profilometer results both a quantitative (volume) and qualitative (roughness) measurement of the abrasivity of a toothpaste can be obtained.
Can Functional Traits Predict Ecological Interactions? A Case Study Using Rain forest Frugivores and Plants in Australia
Authors: Moran Cath , Catterall Carla P. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTIn rain forest, the large numbers of species of fleshy‐fruited plants and frugivorous animals result in a large number of potential fruit–frugivore interactions, which are challenging to survey in the field. Yet, knowledge of these relationships is needed to predict consequences of changes in the frugivore assemblage for seed dispersal. In the absence of comprehensive dietary information, it may be possible to delineate between frugivores that disperse different plants using ‘functional traits,’ or morphological and behavioral attributes of frugivores that interact with differences in salient characteristics of plant species. Here we use data on the consumption of 244 Australian rain forest plant species by 38 bird species to test for associations between patterns of frugivory and birds': (1) degree of frugivory, (2) gape width, and (3) seed treatment (seed crushing or seed dispersing). Degree of frugivory and gape width explain 74 percent of the variation in the sizes of fruits consumed by frugivorous birds. Among birds that consume a substantial dietary proportion of fruit, birds with wider gapes consume larger fruits. In contrast, this relationship was not shown by birds for which fruit is only a minor dietary component. Degree of frugivory and gape width, together with seed treatment, also strongly predict the overall taxonomic composition and diversity of plants consumed by bird species. Functional classifications of frugivore species may prove useful in developing a predictive understanding of fruit–frugivore interactions in other rain forest regions where detailed dietary information is not available for most frugivores.
Temperature and Salinity Tolerances of the Tropical Spiny Lobster, Panulirus ornatus
Authors: Jones Clive M. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract Interest in the development of aquaculture of the tropical spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus, has increased markedly over the past 10 yr because of strong market demand and high prices. In Australia, economic conditions will necessitate that a semi‐intensive approach be taken, possibly involving managed environmental conditions. Identification of optimal temperature and salinity levels will be necessary, and therefore two experiments were performed to examine these two parameters. Juvenile lobsters were grown in tanks at five temperatures (19, 22, 25, 28 and 31 C). Growth was significantly affected by temperature (P < 0.01), and maximal growth occurred at 25–31 C. Examination of the temperature effect on molt increment and intermolt period indicated that 27 C was the optimal temperature, at which molt increment was greatest and intermolt period the least. Temperature also had a significant (P < 0.01) positive effect on apparent feed intake (AFI). Juvenile lobsters were also exposed to four different salinities (20, 25, 30 and 35 ppt) over a period of 91 d. Significant differences (P < 0.01) were apparent for both survival and growth. Lowest survival occurred at 35 ppt which may be attributable to higher cannibalism at that salinity. Growth was highest at 35 ppt and progressively less at lower salinities. Although full marine salinity (35 ppt) will generate best performance of P. ornatus, its capacity to tolerate reduced salinity will provide greater opportunity to develop commercial aquaculture.
Fluorescent Probing of Urea‐induced Chemical Unfolding of Bovine Serum Albumin by Intramolecular Charge Transfer Fluorescence Probe E‐3‐(4‐Dimethylamino‐Naphthalen‐1‐yl)‐Acrylic Acid
Authors: Ghosh Shalini , Guchhait Nikhil 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChanges in polarity at the immediate binding site in protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) produces distinct changes in the solvent polarity‐dependent emission band of fluorescence probe E‐3‐(4‐dimethylamino‐naphthalen‐1‐yl)‐acrylic acid. Steady‐state spectroscopy and time‐resolved spectroscopy have been used to investigate this binding process. Attaching the probe to BSA and then monitoring its spectral changes with increasing urea concentration and raising temperature has also tracked the denaturation of BSA chemically and thermally. The polarity of the microenvironment was investigated employing the Reichardt ET(30) scale. Fluorescence anisotropy, red edge excitation shifts and acrylamide‐induced quenching of fluorescence have been exploited to gain better insight into this binding process.
Depth‐dependent Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Survivorship, Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) Embryos from the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Lesser Michael P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA field experiment was conducted on the early embryos of the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis at different depths in the Gulf of Maine (GOM) to assess the effects of UV radiation (UVR: 300–400 nm) on survivorship, oxidative stress and DNA damage. Embryos experimentally placed at 1 m were exposed to UVB (300–320 nm) where a significant decrease in survivorship was observed as well as significant increases in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and DNA damage. DNA damage includes both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photoproducts from direct exposure to UVA (320–400 nm) and indirect DNA damage associated with the production of reactive oxygen species. All embryos had equivalent concentrations of the UVR‐absorbing compounds known as mycosporine‐like amino acids and despite the fact that these compounds absorb primarily in the UVA portion of the spectrum they did not provide protection for embryos from DNA damage in the field at depths less than 5 m. DNA damage and survivorship of green sea urchin embryos in the GOM was directly related to the optical properties of the water column and the differential attenuation of UVB and UVA wavelengths.