bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Frailty and Health Status on Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Revascularization
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Rihal Charanjit S. , Lennon Ryan J. , Spertus John A. , Nair K. Sreekumaran , Roger Veronique L. 
Published: August 2011

Background—
Although older patients frequently undergo percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), frailty, comorbidity, and quality of life are seldom part of risk prediction approaches. We assessed their incremental prognostic value over and above the risk factors in the Mayo Clinic risk score.

Methods and Results—
Patients ≥65 years who underwent PCI were assessed for frailty (Fried criteria), comorbidity (Charlson index), and quality of life [SF-36]. Of the 628 discharged [median follow-up of 35.0 months (interquartile range, 22.7 to 42.9)], 78 died and 72 had a myocardial infarction (MI). Three-year mortality was 28% for frail patients, 6% for nonfrail patients. The respective 3-year rates of death or MI were 41% and 17%. After adjustment, frailty [hazard ratio (HR), 4.19 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.85, 9.51], physical component score of the SF-36 (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.02), and comorbidity, (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05, 1.16) were associated with mortality. Frailty was associated with mortality/MI (HR, 2.61, 1.52, 4.50). Models with conventional Mayo Clinic risk score had C-statistics of 0.628, 0.573 for mortality and mortality/MI, respectively. Adding frailty, quality of life, and comorbidity, the C-statistic was (0.675, 0.694, 0.671) for mortality and (0.607, 0.587, 0.576) for mortality/MI, respectively. Including frailty, comorbidities and SF-36, conferred a discernible improvement to predict death and death/MI (integrated discrimination improvement, 0.027 and 0.016, and net reclassification improvement of 43% and 18%, respectively).

Conclusions—
After PCI, frailty, comorbidity and poor quality of life are prevalent and are associated with adverse long-term outcomes. Their inclusion improves the discriminatory ability of the Mayo Clinic risk score derived from the routine cardiovascular risk factors.
The Neural Correlates of Empathy: Experience, Automaticity, and Prosocial Behavior
Authors: Rameson Lian T. , Morelli Sylvia A. , Lieberman Matthew D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEmpathy is a critical aspect of human emotion that influences the behavior of individuals as well as the functioning of society. Although empathy is fundamentally a subjective experience, no studies have yet examined the neural correlates of the self-reported experience of empathy. Furthermore, although behavioral research has linked empathy to prosocial behavior, no work has yet connected empathy-related neural activity to everyday, real-world helping behavior. Lastly, the widespread assumption that empathy is an automatic experience remains largely untested. It is also unknown whether differences in trait empathy reflect either variability in the automaticity of empathic responses or the capacity to feel empathy. In this study, 32 participants completed a diary study of helping behavior followed by an fMRI session, assessing empathic responses to sad images under three conditions: watching naturally, under cognitive load, and while empathizing. Across conditions, higher levels of self-reported experienced empathy were associated with greater activity in medial PFC (MPFC). Activity in MPFC was also correlated with daily helping behavior. Self-report of empathic experience and activity in empathy-related areas, notably MPFC, were higher in the empathize condition than in the load condition, suggesting that empathy is not a fully automatic experience. Additionally, high trait empathy participants displayed greater experienced empathy and stronger MPFC responses than low trait empathy individuals under cognitive load, suggesting that empathy is more automatic for individuals high in trait empathy. These results underline the critical role that MPFC plays in the instantiation of empathic experience and consequent behavior.
Perceptions of quality of life and disability in homeless persons with schizophrenia and persons with schizophrenia living in non-institutional housing
Authors: van der Plas A. G. M. , Hoek H. W. , van Hoeken D. , Valencia E. , van Hemert A. M. 
Published: August 2011

Background: Homelessness is common in persons with schizophrenia. It is unclear how housing conditions and homelessness affect their quality of life and their disability. Aims: To explore the self-perceived quality of life and disability of homeless persons with schizophrenia and of those of persons with schizophrenia living in non-institutional housing. Methods: Seventy-six not-homeless and 50 homeless persons with schizophrenia were assessed using the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life – short version (WHOQOL-Bref) and Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS-II). Univariate comparisons of the two groups were made for sociodemographic variables, clinical characteristics, perceived quality of life and disability. A regression model was used to adjust for potential confounding factors between quality of life, disability and housing. Results: After controlling for age, gender, marital status and age of first hospital admission, homeless persons had more positive scores for the quality of life domain ‘health’, for the disability domain ‘getting along with people’ and for the total disability score than persons in non-institutional housing. Conclusion: Contrary to our expectations, the persons in non-institutional housing reported a lower quality of life and more disability than the homeless people. Future research should clarify whether non-institutional housing in and of itself can improve the well-being of people with schizophrenia.
Effect of BG-12 on contrast-enhanced lesions in patients with relapsing– remitting multiple sclerosis: subgroup analyses from the phase 2b study
Authors: Kappos Ludwig , Gold Ralf , Miller David H , MacManus David G , Havrdova Eva , Limmroth Volker , Polman Chris H , Schmierer Klaus , Yousry Tarek A , Eraksoy Mefkure , Meluzinova Eva , Dufek Michal , Yang Minhua , Dawson Kate , O’Neill Gilmore N 
Published: August 2011

Background: In a phase 2b study in patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), BG-12 240 mg three times daily significantly reduced the number of new gadolinium-enhanced (Gd+) lesions from weeks 12 to 24 (primary end point) by 69% compared with placebo. Objective: In this analysis, the effect of BG-12 240 mg three times daily on the number of Gd+ lesions from weeks 12 to 24 was evaluated in subgroups based on baseline disease characteristics and demographics. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-seven patients were randomized equally to receive BG-12 (120 mg once daily or three times daily or 240 mg three times daily) or placebo. Results: BG-12 240 mg three times daily significantly reduced the number of new Gd+ lesions compared with placebo in the following subgroups: Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≤ 2.5 (74%), EDSS score > 2.5 (63%), no Gd+ lesions (80%), ≥ 1 Gd+ lesion (55%), age < 40 years (49%), age ≥ 40 years (89%), female patients (81%), disease duration ≤ 6 years (81%) and disease duration > 6 years (54%) (all comparisons p < 0.05). Conclusion: BG-12 demonstrated efficacy in patients with RRMS by decreasing new Gd+ lesion development across a range of subgroups defined by baseline disease characteristics or demographics.
The cooperating mutation or “second hit” determines the immunologic visibility toward MYC-induced murine lymphomas
Authors: Schuster Christian , Berger Angelika , Hoelzl Maria A. , Putz Eva M. , Frenzel Anna , Simma Olivia , Moritz Nadine , Hoelbl Andrea , Kovacic Boris , Freissmuth Michael , Müller Mathias , Villunger Andreas , Müllauer Leonard , Schmatz Ana-Iris , Streubel Berthold , Porpaczy Edit , Jäger Ulrich , Stoiber Dagmar , Sexl Veronika 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn Eμ-myc transgenic animals lymphoma formation requires additional genetic alterations, which frequently comprise loss of p53 or overexpression of BCL-2. We describe that the nature of the “second hit” affects the ability of the immune system to contain lymphoma development. Tumors with disrupted p53 signaling killed the host more rapidly than BCL-2 overexpressing ones. Relaxing immunologic control, using Tyk2−/− mice or by Ab-mediated depletion of CD8+ T or natural killer (NK) cells accelerated formation of BCL-2–overexpressing lymphomas but not of those lacking p53. Most strikingly, enforced expression of BCL-2 prolonged disease latency in the absence of p53, whereas blocking p53 function in BCL-2–overexpressing tumors failed to accelerate disease. This shows that blocking apoptosis in p53-deficient cells by enforcing BCL-2 expression can mitigate disease progression increasing the “immunologic visibility.” In vitro cytotoxicity assays confirmed that high expression of BCL-2 protein facilitates NK and T cell–mediated killing. Moreover, we found that high BCL-2 expression is accompanied by significantly increased levels of the NKG2D ligand MULT1, which may account for the enhanced killing. Our findings provide first evidence that the nature of the second hit affects tumor immunosurveillance in c-MYC–driven lymphomas and define a potential shortcoming of antitumor therapies targeting BCL-2.
A multigene phylogenetic assessment of the Dilsea/Neodilsea species complex (Dumontiaceae, Gigartinales) supports transfer of Neodilsea natashae to the genus Dilsea
Authors: Saunders Gary W. , Lindstrom Sandra C. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Sequence data from the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU), plastid large subunit of ribulose-l-5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) and the DNA barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (COI-5P) were analyzed separately and in combination to assess monophyly of the red algal genera Dilsea and Neodilsea in the northeastern Pacific. Except for the LSU, all analyses affiliated Neodilsea natashae with species of the genus Dilsea rather than species of Neodilsea. These results, as well as anatomical features of Neodilsea natashae, support its transfer to Dilsea, as Dilsea natashae.
Minimizing the effect of undesirable reactions in ECF bleaching
Authors: Lachenal Dominique , Delmas Delphine , Hamzeh Yahya , Benattar Nicolas , Chirat Christine , Mortha Gerard 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
One undesirable reaction during ECF bleaching is the formation of resistant quinones during the oxidation of lignin phenolic rings by ClO2. Occurrence of this side reaction was confirmed by the implementation of a new in situ method for quinone detection. It is based on the selective reaction of free-phenol groups in pulp with ClO2 at low temperature (0°C) and on the reduction of quinones into free phenols by sodium dithionite. Although not absolutely quantitative, it gives valuable information on the quinone content without any need of lignin extraction. It is proposed to apply a hydrogen peroxide treatment after each ClO2 (D) stage to solve this problem. Another undesirable reaction is the consumption of ClO2 by the muconic acid type structures which are the primary oxidation products of lignin during a D stage. Experiments with Z,Z-2, 5-dimethyl muconic acid, a model for lignin oxidized units, indicated that this reaction is most probable. Although phenolic moieties in lignin are more reactive than the muconic acid structures, the use of high ClO2 charges respective to lignin may favour its consumption by the muconic acid structures. One solution to this problem is to apply lower charges of ClO2 in each D treatment. The relevance of these findings was demonstrated by the high efficiency of (DEP)(DEP) sequences, where DEP stands for a ClO2 stage at low charge of chlorine dioxide immediately followed by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment.
Some versions of limit and Dieudonné-type theorems with respect to filter convergence for (ℓ)-group-valued measures
Authors: Boccuto Antonio , Dimitriou Xenofon , Papanastassiou Nikolaos 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Some limit and Dieudonné-type theorems in the setting of (ℓ)-groups with respect to filter convergence are proved, extending earlier results.
Gol'dberg Order and Gol'dberg Type of Entire Functions Represented by Multiple Dirichlet Series
Authors: Alam Md Feruj 
Published: August 2011

We consider the Hadamard product of the class of entire multiple Dirichlet series in several complex variables having the same sequence of exponents. Our object is to study the nature of Gol'dberg order and Gol’dberg type of these functions. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 29 (2009) 63-70 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v29i0.8516
First-Order Optimality Conditions in Multiobjective Optimization Problems: Differentiable Case
Authors: Rizvi MM , Hanif Muhammad , Waliullah GM 
Published: August 2011

T. Maeda gave some constraint qualifications to get positive Lagrange multipliers associated with the vector-valued objective function and under these conditions, he derived Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) type necessary conditions for inequality constraints. In this paper, we have defined these Maeda-type constraint qualifications under different sets and have derived KKT type necessary conditions for both equality and inequality constraints. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 29 (2009) 99-105 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v29i0.8519
A Method to Find the Membership Functions of Maximum and Minimum of Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Shirin Shapla 
Published: August 2011

In this paper, a new approach for computation of membership functions of the maximum and minimum of more than two upper semi-continuous fuzzy numbers has been introduced. This method is also applicable for piece-wise continuous fuzzy numbers or the fuzzy numbers which are only continuous from right or only continuous from left. The core of fuzzy numbers should have a singleton set. Keywords: Continuous fuzzy number; piece-wise continuous fuzzy number; Maximum (MAX) and Minimum (MIN) of fuzzy number; core; α-cut; bounded increasing and bounded decreasing functions; membership function. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 30 (2010) 89-99 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v30i0.8506
Competition Model in a Chemostat with Monotone Functional Response
Authors: Rana SM Sohel 
Published: August 2011

In this paper, a model for competition of two populations of microorganisms in a chemostat with monotone functional response is considered. We prove that the solutions are positive and bounded for all time. Stability of nonnegative equilibria and persistence of solutions are presented. Graphical results are also given to help illustrate the key points in the population dynamics of the model. Key words: competition; local stability; global stability; persistence. GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc. (ISSN 1606-3694) 30 (2010) 100-110 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ganit.v30i0.8507
A Compositional Shuffle Conjecture Specifying Touch Points of the Dyck Path
Authors: Haglund J. , Morse J. , Zabrocki M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe introduce aq,t-enumeration of Dyck paths that are forced to touch the main diagonal at specific points and forbidden to touch elsewhere and conjecture that it describes the action of the Macdonald theory ∇ operator applied to a Hall–Littlewood polynomial. Our conjecture refines several earlier conjectures concerning the space of diagonal harmonics including the “shuffle conjecture” (Duke J. Math.126(2005), pp. 195 − 232) for ∇ en[X]. We bring to light that certain generalized Hall–Littlewood polynomials indexed by compositions are the building blocks for the algebraic combinatorial theory ofq,t-Catalan sequences, and we prove a number of identities involving these functions.
Local ICA for multivariate statistical fault diagnosis in systems with unknown signal and error distributions
Authors: Ge Zhiqiang , Xie Lei , Kruger Uwe , Song Zhihuan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBased on a noncausal data structure, this article develops a statistical‐based monitoring scheme for diagnosing abnormal situations in complex systems. The recorded variables are assumed to exhibit Gaussian and non‐Gaussian signal components, which are monitored using the statistical local approach. For diagnosing abnormal conditions, the paper introduces a regression‐based technique that allows estimating the fault contribution from abnormal operating conditions. Application studies involving a simulation example and the analysis of recorded data from an industrial melter process demonstrate that the proposed diagnosis scheme is more sensitive in analyzing incipient fault conditions than existing approaches discussed in the literature. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2357–2372, 2012
Preparation and characterization of carbon fibers from polyacrylonitrile precursors
Authors: Hanna S. B. , Yehia A. A. , Ismail M. N. , Khalaf A. I. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe present work deals with the preparation of carbon fibers from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. The chemical composition and physical properties of the starting fibers were determined. The PAN fibers were stabilized in air at the temperatures (230, 270, and 300°C) with the heating time from 40 to 420 min. The effects of both final stabilization temperature and heating rate on the chemical and physical properties of the prepared stabilized fibers were studied. The chosen stabilized fibers samples were carbonized in argon atmosphere at the temperatures (1000, 1200, and 1400°C) with different heating rates 5, 10, 15, and 20°C min−1. The effects of both carbonizing temperature and heating rate on the weight loss, density, elemental composition, and IR absorption spectra of carbonized fibers were also studied. The fiber sample, which was carbonized at 1400°C, contains 97.55% carbon, 1.75% nitrogen, and 1.4% hydrogen. This means that carbonizing the stabilized fibers at 1400°C in argon atmosphere is suitable to get oxygen‐free carbon fibers. Therefore, the used carbonizing temperature in the present work (1400°C) is suitable to produce moderate heat‐treated carbon fibers with the heating rate of 15°C min−1. The modulus of the prepared carbon fibers was compared to that of industrially produced fibers using the results of X‐ray analysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Low‐frequency electromagnetic fields do not alter responses of inflammatory genes and proteins in human monocytes and immune cell lines
Authors: Bouwens Mark , de Kleijn Stan , Ferwerda Gerben , Cuppen Jan J. , Savelkoul Huub F.J. , Kemenade B.M. Lidy Verburg‐van 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields (LF EMF) on human health are the subject of on‐going research and serious public concern. These fields potentially elicit small effects that have been proposed to have consequences, either positive or negative, for biological systems. To reveal potentially weak but biologically relevant effects, we chose to extensively examine exposure of immune cells to two different signals, namely a complex multiple waveform field, and a 50 Hz sine wave. These immune cells are highly responsive and, in vivo, modulation of cytokine expression responses can result in systemic health effects. Using time course experiments, we determined kinetics of cytokine and other inflammation‐related genes in a human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP‐1, and primary monocytes and macrophages. Moreover, cytokine protein levels in THP‐1 monocytes were determined. Exposure to either of the two signals did not result in a significant effect on gene and protein expression in the studied immune cells. Also, additional experiments using non‐immune cells showed no effects of the signals on cytokine gene expression. We therefore conclude that these LF EMF exposure conditions are not expected to significantly modulate innate immune signaling. Bioelectromagnetics 33:226–237, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dissecting the PCP pathway: One or more pathways?
Authors: Lapébie Pascal , Borchiellini Carole , Houliston Evelyn 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPlanar cell polarity (PCP), the alignment of cells within 2D tissue planes, involves a set of core molecular regulators highly conserved between animals and cell types. These include the transmembrane proteins Frizzled (Fz) and VanGogh and the cytoplasmic regulators Dishevelled (Dsh) and Prickle. It is widely accepted that this core forms part of a ‘PCP pathway’ for signal transduction, which can affect cell morphology through activation of an evolutionary ancient regulatory module involving Rho family GTPases and Myosin II, and/or the JNK kinase cascade. We have re‐examined the evidence for interactions between the proposed PCP pathway components, and question the placing of the cell morphology regulators in the same pathway as the PCP core. While Fz and Dsh are clearly involved in both PCP and Rho‐based cell morphology regulation, available evidence cannot currently discriminate whether these processes are linked mechanistically by a shared Fz/Dsh population, or pass by two distinct pathways.
Growth and productivity impacts of periplasmic nuclease expression in an Escherichia coli Fab' fragment production strain
Authors: Nesbeth Darren N. , Perez‐Pardo Miguel‐Angel , Ali Shaukat , Ward John , Keshavarz‐Moore Eli 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHost cell engineering is becoming a realistic option in whole bioprocess strategies to maximize product manufacturability. High molecular weight (MW) genomic DNA currently hinders bioprocessing of Escherichia coli by causing viscosity in homogenate feedstocks. We previously showed that co‐expressing Staphylococcal nuclease and human Fab' fragment in the periplasm of E. coli enables auto‐hydrolysis of genomic DNA upon cell disruption, with a consequent reduction in feedstock viscosity and improvement in clarification performance. Here we report the impact of periplasmic nuclease expression on stability of DNA and Fab' fragment in homogenates, host‐strain growth kinetics, cell integrity at harvest and Fab' fragment productivity. Nuclease and Fab' plasmids were shown to exert comparable levels of growth burden on the host W3110 E. coli strain. Nuclease co‐expression did not compromise either the growth performance or volumetric yield of the production strain. 0.5 g/L Fab' fragment (75 L scale) and 0.7 g/L (20 L scale) was achieved for both unmodified and cell‐engineered production strains. Unexpectedly, nuclease‐modified cells achieved maximum Fab' levels 8–10 h earlier than the original, unmodified production strain. Scale‐down studies of homogenates showed that nuclease‐mediated hydrolysis of high MW DNA progressed to completion within minutes of homogenization, even when homogenates were chilled on ice, with no loss of Fab' product and no need for additional co‐factors or buffering. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:517–527. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.