bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management practices, local habitat features, and landcover associated with Scarab and Carabid beetle occupancy and abundance in restored grasslands
Authors: Franzem Thomas P. , Ferguson Paige F.B. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Restoration and conservation of grasslands is necessary to retain ecosystem services and grassland biodiversity. However, grassland restoration and conservation often focus on plant communities and do not take ecologically important animal taxa, such as insects, into account. We investigated how occupancy probabilities of beetles in the families Scarabaeidae and Carabidae were related to management practices, local landcover, and habitat features in a degraded grassland system, the Black Belt Prairie. We collected beetles from 24 sites and analyzed species detection/non-detection data and family-level abundance data with Bayesian hierarchical models. Vegetation diversity, burn frequency, agricultural landcover, and disturbed landcover were positively associated with occupancy probability, while urban landcover was negatively associated with occupancy probability, consistent with results from previous studies. We found variations in species’ habitat requirements leading to positive relationships with basal area and years since last burn for some morphospecies and negative relationships with these covariates for other morphospecies. Our results and the literature indicate variable responses to seeded versus unseeded restoration, highlighting a subject where increased understanding could advance restoration efforts. Our results indicate Solenopsis invicta has a direct negative relationship with insect communities; there has been debate in the literature about whether the negative effect associated with S. invicta has been due to S. invicta or a correlated disturbance event. Our study advances understanding about habitat associations of grassland insects and about an understudied grassland ecoregion, which can inform management of Black Belt Prairies and grasslands generally.
Long-term effects of farmyard manure addition on soil organic matter molecular composition: C transformation as a major driver of energetic potential
Authors: Simon Carsten , Miltner Anja , Mulder Ines , Kaiser Klaus , Lorenz Marcel , Thiele-Bruhn Sören , Lechtenfeld Oliver J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Long-term addition of farmyard manure (FYM) supports the accumulation of microbial C and soil organic matter (SOM), but the effects on energy storage remain unknown. In particular, it remains unresolved whether FYM or the stimulation of microbial transformations explains the increased microbial imprint. The latter would suggest that the accumulation of SOM transformation products controls energy storage, rather than FYM directly. We hypothesized that the overlap with original FYM signatures could be used as a measure of SOM transformation and its effect on SOM's nominal oxidation state of C (NOSC) and energetic potential ΔG0Cox. We employed solid-state laser desorption ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (LDI-FT-ICR-MS) to study molecular signatures of FYM samples and topsoil from four long-term field experiments receiving FYM, and unfertilized controls. In line with bulk elemental analysis, LDI-FT-ICR-MS suggested that FYM addition increased SOM's energetic potential (0.7 – 1.2 kJ/mol C). FYM addition changed SOM composition by 3 - 16% of ion abundance as compared to controls, being larger in longer-running field experiments. Markers unrelated to original FYM signatures (i.e., indirect effects) explained 67 – 84% of molecular changes while markers directly related to FYM explained only 2 – 12%. FYM addition shifted molecular composition to higher H/C, O/C and m/z, and lower aromaticity. Accumulated molecules had higher energetic potentials and were, despite being chemically similar to original FYM, elevated in mass, suggesting potential use of FYM-derived building blocks for microbial synthesis of larger molecules. Vanishing molecules showed lower energetic potential, mirroring the higher oxidation state of water-extractable organic matter, which pointed to an increased solubility of SOM. Our results indicate a uniform shift in SOM properties upon FYM addition, but highlight the role of site-specific trajectories of SOM compositional change. We discuss the implications of FYM-induced microbial transformations for energy storage and long-term stability of SOM.
BRITISH INTELLECTUALS AND THE INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT FOR CULTURE AND PEACE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1930S
Authors: Рудая О.И. 
Published: June 2024

В статье рассматривается участие британских интеллектуалов в организации и деятельности международного движения в защиту культуры и цивилизации от фашизма. Особое внимание автор уделяет характеристике международных конгрессов и конференций, проходивших в Европе во второй половине 1930-х годов, а также роли гражданской войны в Испании в политизации интеллигенции Великобритании. Показан вклад ее представителей в защиту культуры и мира от фашистской идеологии и агрессии.
The article examines the participation of British intellectuals in the organization and activities of the international movement for the protection of culture and civilization from fascism. The author pays special attention to the characteristics of international congresses and conferences held in Europe in the second half of the 1930s, as well as the role of the Spanish Civil War in the politicization of the British intelligentsia. The contribution of its representatives to the protection of culture and peace from fascist ideology and aggression is shown.
PROBLEMS OF ADOPTION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF IRELAND ACT 1914 (THIRD HOME RULE)
Authors: Шишкина И.Б. 
Published: June 2024

Статья посвящена рассмотрению проблем, возникающих при принятии третьего гомруля Парламентом Соединенного Королевства. С одной стороны, анализируются условия, сложившиеся в Парламенте, с выделением важности «Акта о Парламенте 1911 года», который сделал возможным обойти право вето Палаты Лордов, настроенной против законопроекта. Отмечается сложное отношение к ирландскому вопросу в британских политических кругах, что вызывало в ряде случаев смягченную реакцию на действия ольстерских юнионистов. Рассмотрена проблема оппозиции ольстерских юнионистов, намеренных не допустить реализации гомруля в случае его принятия. Обращается внимание, что итогом стал Ольстерский кризис, включающий в себя как юнионистскую оппозиционную активность в информационном и правовом поле, так и подготовку к силовому противостоянию, что отчасти использовалось как элемент давления на Лондон. Отмечено формирование военизированных организаций юнионистов и националистов. Рассматриваются непосредственный процесс принятия гомруля и его контуры, а также компромиссные условия его реализации.
The article is devoted to the consideration of problems arising when the Third Home Rule was adopting by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. On the one hand, the conditions prevailing in Parliament are analyzed, highlighting the importance of the “Parliament Act 1911”, which made it possible to bypass the veto power of the House of Lords, which was opposed to the bill. There is a complex attitude towards the Irish question in British political circles, which in some cases caused a softened reaction to the actions of the Ulster Unionists. The problem of the opposition of Ulster Unionists, who intend to prevent the implementation of Home Rule if it is adopted, is considered. It is noted that the result was the Ulster crisis, which included both unionist opposition activity in the information and legal field, and preparation for a military confrontation, which was partly used as an element of pressure on London. The formation of paramilitary organizations of unionists and nationalists was noted. The direct process of adopting Home Rule and its contours, as well as compromise conditions for its implementation, are considered.
Al3+ and H+ substitutions in TiO2 polymorphs: Structural and vibrational investigations
Authors: Wang Sha , Wang Qingbo , Ye Yu , Liu Dan , Zhu Xi , Hu Yancheng , Miao Yunfan , Wu Zhen , Pan Yanming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Rutile is the most common TiO2 mineral on Earth’s surface and transforms to CaCl2- and α-PbO2-type structures at elevated pressures in subducted basaltic crusts. In this study, we synthesized hydrous CaCl2- and α-PbO2-type TiO2 crystals with various Al3+ concentrations using a multi-anvil press. Al3+ is incorporated into the CaCl2- and rutile-type phases mainly in the form of 3Ti4+ = 4Al3+, while the coupled substitution of Ti4+ = Al3+ + H+ is dominant in the α-PbO2-type structure, forming Ti1−x(AlH)xO2 solid solutions. Consequently, the water solubility in Al-bearing α-PbO2-type TiO2 is at least one order of magnitude greater than those in rutile- and CaCl2-type TiO2 phases, making TiO2 a significant water carrier at the pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions in the mantle transition zone (410 to 660 km depth in deep Earth’s interior), when coexisting with Al3+ and Fe3+. High-P and high-T Raman spectra were collected for these synthetic samples. The CaCl2- and α-PbO2-type phases irreversibly transform to a rutile-type structure at 950 K and ambient pressure. A reversible α-PbO2 → baddeleyite phase transition in TiO2 is detected at approximately P = 10 GPa and T = 300 K, and incorporating smaller amounts of Al3+ cations increases the phase transition pressure. The lattice vibrational modes typically shift to lower frequencies at elevated temperature and higher frequencies with increasing pressure due to variations in Ti(Al)-O bond length with temperature or pressure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic measurements were conducted on the samples under high-T or high-P conditions. Both T- and P-dependences are negative for the OH stretching vibrations in these TiO2 polymorphs, except that the OH bands in the α-PbO2-type samples exhibit a blueshift at elevated temperature. A negative linear correlation can be drawn between the measured OH stretching frequencies and the incorporated M3+O6 quadratic elongation, which were computed based on first-principles calculations. The local octahedral distortion can provide useful insights for understanding the M3+ and H+ incorporation mechanisms in TiO2 and SiO2 structures.
Health risk assessment of arsenic and lead contamination in drinking water: A study of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Authors: Tauseef Azam Muhammad , Ahmad Asif , Ahmed Anwaar , Khalid Azeem , Saleem Samreen 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The present research study explores the drinking water quality of Rawalpindi and Islamabad to identify the potent dissolved contaminants and carry out a health risk assessment as the study area houses more than 3 million people. A total of 95 drinking water samples were collected from the union councils of the selected study area and analyzed for 12 physicochemical water quality indicators. The collected datasets were interpreted using general statistics, principal component analysis and spatial analysis for knowing the variations among the collected samples. The results revealed that overall 51.57% of the drinking water samples were unsatisfactory for human consumption. The rate of physicochemical contamination was 87.27% in the rural and unauthorized housing societies. Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) were the potent contaminants in the drinking water samples. The health risk assessment uncovered that 31.57 and 10.45% of samples had a hazard quotient (HQ) &gt;1 for arsenic and lead, respectively. Collectively, 41 drinking water sources were identified as potential health risk sources for the residents.
Developments of Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines with Pharmaceutical Potential
Authors: Rashad Aymn E. , El Malah Tamer , Shamroukh Ahmed H. 
Published: June 2024

:
In terms of fused heterocyclic compounds, pyrrolopyrimidines, and their substituted
analogs are among the most extensively explored scaffolds. Based on the location of
the nitrogen atom in the pyrrole ring, pyrrolopyrimidines have different isomers. This
study deals only with the pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine isomer. Several techniques are represented
and discussed in this review for producing pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives.
The first one is the cyclization of the pyrimidine ring on the pyrrole ring through the reaction
of β-enaminonitrile, β-enaminoester or β-enaminoamide of the pyrrole ring with different
bifunctional reagents such as formic acid, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, formamide,
isothiocyanate, urea, thiourea, and carbon disulfide. The second technique includes cyclization
of the pyrrole ring on the pyrimidine ring via the treatment of pyrimidine, aminopyrimidine,
diamino-pyrimidine, or triamino-pyrimidine with different reagents such as nitroalkenes, alkynes,
aldehydes, and acid chlorides. In addition, different reaction methodologies like one pot, two-step, and threestep
synthetic methodologies were reported. The last technique for producing pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives
is through miscellaneous reactions. This review also includes the interactions of pyrrolo[2,3-
d]pyrimidines at different active centers of the pyrrole ring with different reagents to form N-alkylated, Nglycosylated,
C-5, and C-6 adducts. Besides, the interactions on the pyrimidine ring to form chloro, hydrazino,
and amino-imino derivatives were also discussed. The amino-imino derivatives are key intermediates for the
preparation of tricyclic pyrrolotriazolopyrimidines. Finally, the pharmaceutical and biological properties of
some pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives have also been mentioned. This information can be utilized to design
novel diverse pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives for recent challenges in pharmaceutical and medical studies
to develop the already existing drugs or discover new ones.
CEP55: Implications for Immunotherapy and Survival in Hepatocellular
Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yanhong , Zhang Long , Tian Jianhui , Luo Bin , Yao Jialiang , Yang Yun 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive neoplasm that
usually originates from liver cells and is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. To
improve the survival rate of HCC patients, specific prognostic markers are essential to guide
HCC therapy. CEP55 is a microtubule-bundling protein involved in critical cell functions, including cell growth, transformation, and cytokinesis

Aims:
This study examined gene alterations in HCC tumor tissues through comprehensive analysis, aiming to elucidate their contribution to disease development.

Methods:
Bioinformatics tools were employed to investigate the expression, genetic variations,
prognostic significance, and clinicopathological relevance of CEP55 across GEO and TCGA datasets. We further explored gene alterations, DNA methylation levels, and immune infiltration of
CEP55. To elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms involved, GO and KEGG analysis was
performed. Finally, RT-qPCR was also performed on a number of normal and tumoral cell lines
in vitro, which demonstrated that the expression of the CEP55 was significantly higher in the
tumor cell lines.

Results:
We observed that CEP55 was upregulated in 16 cancers compared to corresponding
normal tissues. CEP55 was found to be related to T stages, pathologic stages, histologic grade,
and levels of AFP. K-M analysis demonstrated that CEP55 expression was associated with a
worse outcome. ROC curve analysis showed that CEP55 expression accurately distinguished
HCC from normal tissue (AUC = 0.954). The area under 1-,3- and 5-year survival ROCs were
above 0.6. The HSPA4 genetic alterations in HCC were 0.8%. Among the 15 DNA methylation
CpG sites, 6 were related to the prognosis of HCC. HSPA4 was positively related to immune
cell infiltration and immune checkpoints in HCC. The KEGG pathway analysis indicated that
CEP55 was associated with the cell cycle and presented together with CDK1. HCC cell lines
were demonstrated to express high levels of CEP55 compared to normal cells.

Conclusion:
As a result of bioinformatic analyses and RT-qPCR validation in HCC, CEP55 increased in HCC tissues and was associated with the stage of the disease and survival rate.
Genome Editing Approaches Using Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) for the
Treatment of Motor Neuron Diseases
Authors: Manikishore Medisetti , Maurya Sandeep Kumar , Rathee Sunny , Patil Umesh Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:
Motor neuron disorders encompass a spectrum of conditions that can be inherited or
arise from spontaneous gene mutations. These disorders disrupt the crucial connection between
motor neurons and muscles, leading to a range of symptoms, including muscle weakness, impaired coordination, and abnormal movements. Unfortunately, despite the significant impact on
individuals' quality of life, there is currently no definitive cure for these disorders.
In response to this pressing medical need, extensive research efforts are underway globally to
develop effective treatments for motor neuron disorders. Among the emerging therapeutic strategies, gene therapy has shown considerable promise. By targeting the underlying genetic abnormalities responsible for these disorders, gene therapy aims to correct or mitigate the dysfunctional molecular pathways, offering hope for improved outcomes and potentially even disease reversal. Various approaches are being explored within the realm of gene therapy, with genetic modification techniques taking center stage. These techniques enable precise manipulation of the
genetic material, facilitating the replacement of mutated genes with functional ones. One such
technique that has garnered attention for its potential therapeutic efficacy is Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs). ZFNs are molecular tools designed to target specific DNA sequences with high
precision, enabling targeted gene editing. Their ability to induce targeted modifications in the
genome holds significant promise for treating motor neuron disorders by correcting diseasecausing mutations. Moreover, ZFNs offer advantages such as accuracy and desirable therapeutic
effects, making them an attractive option for gene therapy applications. Despite their potential, it
is essential to acknowledge the limitations and challenges associated with ZFN-based gene therapy. These include off-target effects, delivery methods, and immune responses. Understanding
and addressing these challenges are critical steps toward realizing the full therapeutic potential of
ZFNs in treating motor neuron disorders. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the intricacies of ZFNs, exploring their mechanisms of action, current applications, limitations, and future prospects in gene therapy for motor neuron disorders. Additionally, we provide insights into
other nucleases-mediated gene therapy approaches, highlighting their comparative advantages
and challenges. Furthermore, we discuss factors influencing the efficacy and safety of gene therapy treatments, including delivery methods, immune responses, and ethical considerations. By
examining these factors in detail, we aim to provide a holistic understanding of the complex
landscape of gene therapy for motor neuron disorders and pave the way for future advancements
in the field.
Design, Synthesis, In vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Evaluation of
Novel Pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Arora Kaushal , Kumar Verma Prabhakar 
Published: June 2024

Background::
In this study, a new series of 2-amino-6-(substituted)pyrimidin-4-yl-2Hchromen-
2-one analogues (S1-S15) was prepared by using the Knovengeal condensation method
and evaluated for antimicrobial as well as antioxidant activity.

Methods::
To ensure the progress and confirmation of the reactions, TLC was employed. The melting
points (MP) were ascertained utilising a Sunbim-made sonar melting point device produced in India.
To confirm the chemical structures of these compounds, we employed a range of techniques, including
FT-IR, MS, 1H-NMR, and Elemental analysis. The antimicrobial and antifungal activity was
evaluated using the tube dilution method, and a DPPH assay was used to assess antioxidant activity.

Result and Discussion::
Within the series, S1 demonstrated strong antibacterial efficacy against S. Aureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 16.26μg/ml, while compound S7 displayed significant potential against B. subtilis and E. coli, with a MIC value of 17.34μg/ml. For antifungal activity, compounds S7 and S11 are the most potent against A. niger, showing a minimum inhibitory concentration of 17.34μg/ml. In the evaluation of antioxidant activity, it was observed that compounds S2 and S4 displayed outstanding antioxidant properties, with IC50 values of 13.33μg/ml and 43.13μg/ml.

Conclusion::
The newly created derivatives exhibited robust antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics
upon assessment through designated methodologies, surpassing the efficacy of conventional
drugs in the comparative analysis. Notably, compounds S1, S2, S7, S4, and S11 exhibited even
greater activity than the reference drugs. Their structure-activity relationship was also discussed.
UO2 2+ Ion Capture Enhanced with SiO2-based Compound: Insights into
Kinetic, Thermodynamics, and Transport Analysis
Authors: Al-Anber Mohammed A. , Al-Adaileh Neda’a , Zaitoun Mohammed A. , Al-Momani Idrees F. , Sobola Dinara , Hijazi Ahmed K. , Sagadevan Suresh 
Published: June 2024

aims:
A fabricated silica gel, SiO2-(1-(bis(2-aminoethyl)amino)-3-(silyl)propane-2-ol), SiO2-BAEASP, has successfully enhanced the capture of UO22+ ions from water in an unprecedented study.

background:
The reported studies examine the removal of uranyl ions, specifically focusing on the efficiency, selectivity, and cost-effectiveness of traditional removal methods including various adsorbents, nanomaterials, and functionalized surfaces.

objective:
The primary objective of this study is to investigate the capturing capabilities of SiO2-BAEASP for aqueous uranium (VI) ions through batch sorption techniques.

method:
Several key parameters affecting sorption, including pH, initial concentration, temperature, and dosage, were meticulously controlled to gain insights into the capturing process's thermodynamic and kinetic aspects and determine the mechanisms involved.

result:
The equilibrium of the capturing process was observed to occur within just 5 to 10 minutes under a variety of conditions. The maximum capturing capacity of uranium (VI) ions into SiO2-BAEASP is found to be ca. 99% under the experimental conditions of pH = 5 - 7, Ci = 50 mg L-1, T = 55 °C, dosage = 2 g L-1, and 80 rpm. The sorption behavior of U(VI) ions on SiO2-BAEASP followed the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 ≈ 1), indicating favorable (Rl &lt; 0.02) and spontaneous sorption of ΔG =  39.874 to 49.079 kJ mol-1. The motivation for the sorption process was attributed to the chemisorption of U(IV) ions via amino active sites, forming an inner complex sphere of the general form SiO2-BAEASP-U(VI). This finding was supported by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 ≈ 1), which provided insights into the rate constant and sorption capacities.

conclusion:
The obtained information could potentially be utilized to develop a technology utilizing new materials of SiO2-BAEASP for catching uranium ions from water or for peaceful reuse applications.

other:
Overall, this study adds to the existing body of knowledge on water treatment, filling a notable gap in the literature and paving the way for further research and development of innovative materials for the removal of uranyl ions and other heavy metal contaminants from water sources.