bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaps in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis: a review of reported cases, South Africa, January 2020–June 2022
Authors: de Voux Alex , Maruma Wellington , Morifi Mabore , Maduma Modiehi , Ebonwu Joy , Sheikh Khadeejah , Dlamini-Nqeketo Sithembile , Kufa Tendesayi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Congenital syphilis (CS) is preventable through timely antenatal care (ANC), syphilis screening and treatment among pregnant women. Robust CS surveillance can identify gaps in this prevention cascade. We reviewed CS cases reported to the South African notifiable medical conditions surveillance system (NMCSS) from January 2020 to June 2022.

Methods
CS cases are reported using a case notification form (CNF) containing limited infant demographic and clinical characteristics. During January 2020–June 2022, healthcare workers supplemented CNFs with a case investigation form (CIF) containing maternal and infant testing and treatment information. We describe CS cases with/without a matching CIF and gaps in the CS prevention cascade among those with clinical information.

Findings
During January 2020–June 2022, 938 CS cases were reported to the NMCSS with a median age of 1 day (interquartile range: 0–5). Nine percent were diagnosed based on clinical signs and symptoms only. During January 2020–June 2022, 667 CIFs were reported with 51% (343) successfully matched to a CNF. Only 57% of mothers of infants with a matching CIF had an ANC booking visit (entry into ANC). Overall, 87% of mothers were tested for syphilis increasing to 98% among mothers with an ANC booking visit. Median time between first syphilis test and delivery was 16 days overall increasing to 82 days among mothers with an ANC booking visit.

Discussion
Only 37% of CS cases had accompanying clinical information to support evaluation of the prevention cascade. Mothers with an ANC booking visit had increased syphilis screening and time before delivery to allow for adequate treatment.
A parasite odyssey: An RNA virus concealed in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Gupta Purav , Hiller Aiden , Chowdhury Jawad , Lim Declan , Lim Dillon Yee , Saeij Jeroen P J , Babaian Artem , Rodriguez Felipe , Pereira Luke , Morales-Tapia Alejandro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We are entering a ‘Platinum Age of Virus Discovery’, an era marked by exponential growth in the discovery of virus biodiversity, and driven by advances in metagenomics and computational analysis. In the ecosystem of a human (or any animal) there are more species of viruses than simply those directly infecting the animal cells. Viruses can infect all organisms constituting the microbiome, including bacteria, fungi, and unicellular parasites. Thus the complexity of possible interactions between host, microbe, and viruses is unfathomable. To understand this interaction network we must employ computationally assisted virology as a means of analyzing and interpreting the millions of available samples to make inferences about the ways in which viruses may intersect human health. From a computational viral screen of human neuronal datasets, we identified a novel narnavirus Apocryptovirus odysseus (Ao) which likely infects the neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Previously, several parasitic protozoan viruses (PPVs) have been mechanistically established as triggers of host innate responses, and here we present in silico evidence that Ao is a plausible pro-inflammatory factor in human and mouse cells infected by T. gondii. T. gondii infects billions of people worldwide, yet the prognosis of toxoplasmosis disease is highly variable, and PPVs like Ao could function as a hitherto undescribed hypervirulence factor. In a broader screen of over 7.6 million samples, we explored phylogenetically proximal viruses to Ao and discovered nineteen Apocryptovirus species, all found in libraries annotated as vertebrate transcriptome or metatranscriptomes. While samples containing this genus of narnaviruses are derived from sheep, goat, bat, rabbit, chicken, and pigeon samples, the presence of virus is strongly predictive of parasitic Apicomplexa nucleic acid co-occurrence, supporting the fact that Apocryptovirus is a genus of parasite-infecting viruses. This is a computational proof-of-concept study in which we rapidly analyze millions of datasets from which we distilled a mechanistically, ecologically, and phylogenetically refined hypothesis. We predict that this highly diverged Ao RNA virus is biologically a T. gondii infection, and that Ao, and other viruses like it, will modulate this disease which afflicts billions worldwide.
‘Birds’ of two feathers: Avicranium renestoi and the paraphyly of bird-headed reptiles (Diapsida: ‘Avicephala’)
Authors: Buffa Valentin , Frey Eberhard , Steyer J-Sébastien , Laurin Michel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The anatomy of Late Triassic drepanosauromorphs is re-examined, with a focus on the previously published surface models of the holotype of Avicranium renestoi from the Norian of North America. We comment on the cranial anatomy of this taxon and propose a new reconstruction of the skull and mandible. Contrary to previous interpretations, the entire rostrum and most of the palate are not preserved in this specimen. We also suggest that some proposed plesiomorphic characters may result from incomplete ossification due to immaturity. These new observations are compiled into a new morphological phylogenetic dataset designed to address the monophyly of ‘Avicephala’, the group comprising the Late Permian gliding reptiles Weigeltisauridae, and the Late Triassic chameleon-like Drepanosauromorpha. We recover Weigeltisauridae as stem-saurian diapsids and Drepanosauromorpha as sister-group to Trilophosauridae among archosauromorphs, thus implying the paraphyly of ‘Avicephala’. Drepanosauromorphs and trilophosaurids are recovered as sister-taxa for the first time, as supported by several cranial and postcranial synapomorphies. This new phylogenetic position of Drepanosauromorpha reduces the group’s ghost lineage that now does not necessarily cross the Permian–Triassic boundary. However, much remains unknown of the early history of trilophosaurids and drepanosauromorphs, and of the evolution of arboreality in Triassic archosauromorph reptiles.
FGF13 enhances the function of TRPV1 by stabilizing microtubules and regulates acute and chronic itch
Authors: Dong Zi‐shan , Zhang Xue‐rou , Xue Da‐zhong , Liu Jia‐hui , Yi Fan , Zhang Yi‐yi , Xian Fu‐yu , Qiao Ruo‐yang , Liu Bo‐yi , Zhang Hai‐lin , Wang Chuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractItching is an aversive somatosensation that triggers the desire to scratch. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel proteins are key players in acute and chronic itch. However, whether the modulatory effect of fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13) on acute and chronic itch is associated with TRP channel proteins is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that conditional knockout of Fgf13 in dorsal root ganglion neurons induced significant impairment in scratching behaviors in response to acute histamine‐dependent and chronic dry skin itch models. Furthermore, FGF13 selectively regulated the function of the TRPV1, but not the TRPA1 channel on Ca2+ imaging and electrophysiological recordings, as demonstrated by a significant reduction in neuronal excitability and current density induced by TRPV1 channel activation, whereas TRPA1 channel activation had no effect. Changes in channel currents were also verified in HEK cell lines. Subsequently, we observed that selective modulation of TRPV1 by FGF13 required its microtubule‐stabilizing effect. Furthermore, in FGF13 knockout mice, only the overexpression of FGF13 with a tubulin‐binding domain could rescue TRP channel function and the impaired itch behavior. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which FGF13 is involved in TRPV1‐dependent itch transduction and provide valuable clues for alleviating pathological itch syndrome.
Qualitative Insights Into Enhancing Neonatal Resuscitation in Post-Pandemic Vietnam
Authors: Kain Victoria J. , Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh , Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh , Fatth Waleed , Kelly Patty , Larbah Amina R. , Patel Divya 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The neonatal phase is vital for child survival, with a substantial portion of deaths occurring in the first month. Neonatal mortality rates differ significantly between Vietnam (10.52/1000 live births) and the United States (3.27/1000). In response to these challenges, interventions such as the Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) program have emerged, aiming to enhance the quality of care provided during childbirth, and the postpartum period in low-resource settings.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to explore stakeholder perceptions of the HBB program in Vietnam postpandemic, aiming to identify requisites for resuming training.

Methods:
Utilizing qualitative content analysis, 19 in-person semistructured interviews were conducted with diverse stakeholders in 2 provinces of Central Vietnam.

Results:
The content analysis revealed following 5 main themes: (1) the pandemic’s impact on HBB training; (2) resource needs for scaling up HBB training as the pandemic abates; (3) participants’ perceptions of the pandemic’s effect on HBB skills and knowledge; (4) the pandemic’s influence on a skilled neonatal resuscitation workforce; and (5) future prospects and challenges for HBB training in a postpandemic era.

Implications for Practice and Research:
This research highlights the importance of sustainable post-HBB training competencies, including skill assessment, innovative knowledge retention strategies, community-based initiatives, and evidence-based interventions for improved healthcare decision-making and patient outcomes. Healthcare institutions should prioritize skill assessments, refresher training, and collaborative efforts among hospitals, authorities, non-government organizations, and community organizations for evidence-based education and HBB implementation.
Advancements in AMA Guides Musculoskeletal Impairment Evaluations
Authors: Melhorn J. Mark , Gelinas Barry , Martin Douglas W. , Hegmann Kurt T. , Thiese Matthew S. 
Published: May 2024

Objective
Describe and evaluate methodological improvements in AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (Guides) Sixth Edition 2024, including an updated sequential method and enhanced diagnosis-based impairment tables, compared to the Guides Sixth 2008.

Methods
Three physician experts and 3 premedical students, respectively, completed 2 rounds of impairment ratings using the AMA Guides Sixth 2008 versus 2024 methods. Impairment values and completion times using each method were compared for both groups.

Results
Time to complete an impairment rating by experts averaged 3.5 minutes using Guides 2024 compared with 13.9 minutes using Guides 2008, with 100% accuracy and reliability for both. Students' time averaged 5.3 and 15.9 minutes, respectively, with increased accuracy and reliability with Guides 2024.

Conclusions
The Guides Sixth 2024 allowed more efficient impairment ratings while retaining accuracy, consistency, reliability, and reproducibility.
Factors contributing to weight loss success after bariatric procedures in patient over 65 years old: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Karpińska Izabela , Dowgiałło-Gornowicz Natalia , Franczak Paula , Orłowski Michał , Lech Paweł , Kowalski Grzegorz , Major Piotr ,   Collaborative Study Group
Published: May 2024

Background:
Although bariatric surgery in patients over 65 years of age gives comparable results to treatment in the younger population, there are still controversies regarding the indications for surgery, risk assessment, and choice between different types of surgery. The study aimed to identify the factors contributing to weight loss success after bariatric surgery in patients over 65 years of age.

Material and Methods:
This is a retrospective, multicenter cohort study of patients with obesity aged over 65 years undergoing primary laparoscopic bariatric surgery in the years 2008–2022. Data came from 11 bariatric centers. Patients were divided into two groups: responders (R) who achieved more than 50% EWL and nonresponders (NR) who achieved less than 50% EWL. Both groups were compared. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of weight loss success.

Results:
Out of 274 analyzed patients, the average BMI before surgery was 42.9 kg/m2. The most common obesity-related diseases were hypertension (85.1%) and type 2 diabetes (53.3%). Sleeve gastrectomy was the most frequently performed procedure (85.4%). Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed preoperative BMI (OR=0.9, 95% CI: 0.82–0.98, P=0.02), duration of diabetes >10 years (OR=0.3, 95% CI: 0.09–0.82, P=0.02), balloon placement (OR=10.6, 95% CI: 1.33–84.83, P=0.03), time since first visit (OR=0.9, 95% CI: 0.84–0.99, P=0.04), preoperative weight loss (OR=0.9, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98, P=0.01), and OAGB (OR=15.7, 95% CI: 1.71–143.99, P=0.02) to have a significant impact on weight loss success 1 year after bariatric surgery.

Conclusions:
Patients with higher preoperative weight loss may have a poorer response to surgery. OAGB emerged as the most beneficial type of surgery in terms of weight loss. Intragastric balloon placement before surgery may be effective in patients above 65 years of age and may be considered as a two-stage approach.
National Overview of Nonprofit Hospitals’ Community Benefit Programs to Address Housing
Authors: Celano Annalise , Keselman Pauline , Barley Timothy , Schnautz Ryan , Piller Benjamin , Nunn Dylan , Scott Maliek , Cronin Cory , Franz Berkeley 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Housing is a critical social determinant of health that can be addressed through hospital-supported community benefit programming.

Objectives:
To explore the prevalence of hospital-based programs that address housing-related needs, categorize the specific actions taken to address housing, and determine organizational and community-level factors associated with investing in housing.

Research Design:
This retrospective, cross-sectional study examined a nationally representative dataset of administrative documents from nonprofit hospitals that addressed social determinants of health in their federally mandated community benefit implementation plans. We conducted descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses to examine hospital and community characteristics associated with whether a hospital invested in housing programs. Using an inductive approach, we categorized housing investments into distinct categories.

Measures:
The main outcome measure was a dichotomous variable representing whether a hospital invested in one or more housing programs in their community.

Results:
Twenty percent of hospitals invested in one or more housing programs. Hospitals that addressed housing in their implementation strategies were larger on average, less likely to be in rural communities, and more likely to be serving populations with greater housing needs. Housing programs fell into 1 of 7 categories: community partner collaboration (34%), social determinants of health screening (9%), medical respite centers (4%), community social determinants of health liaison (11%), addressing specific needs of homeless populations (16%), financial assistance (21%), and targeting high-risk populations (5%).

Conclusions:
Currently, a small subset of hospitals nationally are addressing housing. Hospitals may need additional policy support, external partnerships, and technical assistance to address housing in their communities.
Trends in HCAHPS Survey Scores, 2008–2019
Authors: Beckett Megan K. , Quigley Denise D. , Cohea Christopher W. , Lehrman William G. , Russ Chelsea , Giordano Laura A. , Goldstein Elizabeth , Elliott Marc N. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
HCAHPS’ 2008 initial public reporting, 2012 inclusion in the Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program (HVBP), and 2015 inclusion in Hospital Star Ratings were intended to improve patient experiences.

Objectives:
Characterize pre-COVID-19 (2008–2019) trends in hospital consumer assessment of healthcare providers and systems (HCAHPS) scores.

Research Design:
Describe HCAHPS score trends overall, by phase: (1) initial public reporting period (2008–2013), (2) first 2 years of HVBP (2013–2015), and (3) initial HCAHPS Star Ratings reporting (2015–2019); and by hospital characteristics (HCAHPS decile, ownership, size, teaching affiliation, and urban/rural).

Subjects:
A total of 3909 HCAHPS-participating US hospitals.

Measures:
HCAHPS summary score (HCAHPS-SS) and 9 measures.

Results:
The mean 2007–2019 HCAHPS-SS improvement in most-positive-category (“top-box”) responses was +5.2 percentage points/pp across all hospitals (where differences of 5pp, 3pp, and 1pp are “large,” “medium,” and “small”). Improvement rate was largest in phase 1 (+0.8/pp/year vs. +0.2pp/year and +0.1pp/year for phases 2 and 3, respectively). Improvement was largest for Overall Rating of Hospital (+8.5pp), Discharge Information (+7.3pp), and Nurse Communication (+6.5pp), smallest for Doctor Communication (+0.8pp). Some measures improved notably through phases 2 and 3 (Nurse Communication, Staff Responsiveness, Overall Rating of Hospital), but others slowed or reversed in Phase 3 (Communication about Medicines, Quietness). Bottom-decile hospitals improved more than other hospitals for all measures.

Conclusions:
All HCAHPS measures improved rapidly 2008–2013, especially among low-performing (bottom-decile) hospitals, narrowing the range of performance and improving scores overall. This initial improvement may reflect widespread, general quality improvement (QI) efforts in lower-performing hospitals. Subsequent slower improvement following the introduction of HVBP and Star Ratings may have reflected targeted, resource-intensive QI in higher-performing hospitals.
Philadelphia Latine Immigrant Birthing People’s Perspectives on Mitigating the Chilling Effect on Prenatal Care Utilization
Authors: Montoya-Williams Diana , Barreto Alejandra , Laguna-Torres Alicia , Worsley Diana , Wallis Kate , Peña Michelle-Marie , Palladino Lauren , Salva Nicole , Levine Lisa , Rivera Angelique , Hernandez Rosalinda , Fuentes-Afflick Elena , Yun Katherine , Lorch Scott , Virudachalam Senbagam 
Published: May 2024

Research Design:
Community-engaged qualitative study using inductive thematic analysis of semistructured interviews.

Objective:
To understand Latine immigrants’ recent prenatal care experiences and develop community-informed strategies to mitigate policy-related chilling effects on prenatal care utilization.

Background:
Decreased health care utilization among immigrants due to punitive immigration policies (ie, the “chilling effect”) has been well-documented among Latine birthing people both pre and postnatally.

Patients and Methods:
Currently or recently pregnant immigrant Latine people in greater Philadelphia were recruited from an obstetric clinic, 2 pediatric primary care clinics, and 2 community-based organization client pools. Thematic saturation was achieved with 24 people. Participants’ pregnancy narratives and their perspectives on how health care providers and systems could make prenatal care feel safer and more comfortable for immigrants.

Results:
Participants’ recommendations for mitigating the chilling effect during the prenatal period included training prenatal health care providers to sensitively initiate discussions about immigrants’ rights and reaffirm confidentiality around immigration status. Participants suggested that health care systems should expand sources of information for pregnant immigrants, either by partnering with community organizations to disseminate information or by increasing access to trusted individuals knowledgeable about immigrants’ rights to health care. Participants also suggested training non-medical office staff in the use of interpreters.

Conclusion:
Immigrant Latine pregnant and birthing people in greater Philadelphia described ongoing fear and confusion regarding the utilization of prenatal care, as well as experiences of discrimination. Participants’ suggestions for mitigating immigration-related chilling effects can be translated into potential policy and programmatic interventions which could be implemented locally and evaluated for broader applicability.
Is Electronic Information Exchange Associated With Lower 30-Day Readmission Charges Among Medicare Beneficiaries?
Authors: Turbow Sara D. , Chehal Puneet K. , Culler Steven D. , Vaughan Camille P. , Offutt Christina , Rask Kimberly J. , Perkins Molly M. , Clevenger Carolyn K. , Ali Mohammed K. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Fragmented readmissions, when admission and readmission occur at different hospitals, are associated with increased charges compared with nonfragmented readmissions. We assessed if hospital participation in health information exchange (HIE) was associated with differences in total charges in fragmented readmissions.

Data Source:
Medicare Fee-for-Service Data, 2018.

Study Design:
We used generalized linear models with hospital referral region and readmission month fixed effects to assess relationships between information sharing (same HIE, different HIEs, and no HIE available) and total charges of 30-day readmissions among fragmented readmissions; analyses were adjusted for patient-level clinical/demographic characteristics and hospital-level characteristics.

Data Extraction Methods:
We included beneficiaries with a hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, syncope, urinary tract infection, dehydration, or behavioral issues with a 30-day readmission for any reason.

Principal Findings:
In all, 279,729 admission-readmission pairs were included, 27% of which were fragmented (n=75,438); average charges of fragmented readmissions were $64,897-$71,606. Compared with fragmented readmissions where no HIE was available, the average marginal effects of same-HIE and different-HIE admission-readmission pairs were -$2329.55 (95% CI: −7333.73, 2674.62) and −$3905.20 (95% CI: −7592.85, −307.54), respectively. While the average marginal effects of different-HIE pairs were lower than those for no-HIE fragmented readmissions, the average marginal effects of same-HIE and different-HIE pairs were not significantly different from each other.

Conclusions:
There were no statistical differences in charges between fragmented readmissions to hospitals that share an HIE or that do not share an HIE compared with hospitals with no HIE available.