bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic treatment of suprasellar arachnoid cysts in children
Authors: El-Ghandour Nasser M. F. 
Published: July 2011

Object
Suprasellar arachnoid cysts (SACs) are rare, comprising approximately 10% of all intracranial arachnoid cysts. Although neuroendoscopic management is emerging as a safe effective alternative to microsurgery, the type of endoscopic surgery whether ventriculocystostomy (VC) or ventriculocystocisternostomy (VCC) is still controversial. This study evaluates the role of endoscopy in the treatment of SACs in children. It compares VC and VCC to determine which procedure is superior in the long term.

Methods
Twenty-five children (14 boys and 11 girls; mean age 26 months) with symptomatic SACs associated with hydrocephalus are the subject of this study. According to the surgical procedure adopted, patients were divided into 2 groups. Patients in Group A (11 patients) underwent VC with a mean follow-up of 55 months, and those in Group B (14 patients) underwent VCC with a mean follow-up of 64.7 months.

Results
Both procedures proved to be effective clinically and radiologically. The incidence of improvement of hydrocephalus-related symptoms was 63.6% in Group A compared with 85.7% in Group B. Improvement in cyst size and hydrocephalus after VC was 81.8% and 63.6%, respectively, compared with 100% and 85.7%, respectively, after VCC. There were no deaths or permanent morbidity, and no patient was left with a permanent shunt. Recurrence occurred in 3 cases after VC (27.3%), whereas no recurrence (0%) was encountered after VCC. At a second endoscopic procedure, the fenestration was found to be closed in all 3 recurrent cases.

Conclusions
An endoscopic procedure is recommended in the treatment of SACs in children because it is simple, effective, minimally invasive, and associated with low morbidity and mortality rates. Both procedures, VC and VCC, proved to be almost equally effective clinically and radiologically. Nevertheless, because of the statistically significant difference between the incidence of recurrence after VC and VCC during long-term follow-up, the author concludes that VCC should be considered as the procedure of choice in the treatment of these cases. The important finding of reclosure of the VC fenestration in the recurrent cases underscores the significance of performing cystocisternostomy at initial surgery to guard against cyst recurrence.
Symptomatic Rathke cleft cysts: extent of resection and surgical complications
Authors: Higgins Dominique M. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Nippoldt Todd B. , Meyer Fredric B. 
Published: July 2011

Object
Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) are benign masses arising from the embryological Rathke pouch, and are commonly treated by transsphenoidal surgery. The authors retrospectively compared RCC extent of resection—either gross-total resection (GTR) or decompression—to the primary outcome measure, which was recurrences resulting in repeat surgery, and the secondary outcome measure, which was complications.

Methods
Seventy-four patients presenting to the neurosurgical department with RCC were analyzed retrospectively. Sixty-eight patients had a total of 78 surgical procedures, with the diagnosis of RCC confirmed by histological investigation; of these, 61 patients had adequate operative notes for the authors to evaluate extent of resection. Groups were separated into GTR (32 patients) or decompression (subtotal resection or fenestration into the sphenoid sinus; 29 patients) based on operative notes and postoperative imaging. The mean follow-up duration was 60.5 ± 72.1 months (the mean is expressed ± SD throughout).

Results
The average age at the time of the initial surgery was 42.8 ± 17.4 years, and 70% of patients were female. The mean cyst diameter preoperatively was 16.9 ± 17.8 mm. Eight patients had repeat surgery, our primary outcome measure; 3 repeat operations occurred in the GTR group, and 5 in the decompression group. There was no significant difference in recurrence when comparing groups (GTR 9%, decompression 17%; p = 0.36). There were no major complications; however, analysis of postoperative minor complications revealed that 11 (34%) GTRs resulted in surgical complications, whereas the decompression cohort accounted for only 3 complications (10%) (p = 0.03), with diabetes insipidus (6) and CSF leaks (5) being the most common. Gross-total resection also resulted in an increase in postoperative hyperprolactinemia compared with decompression (p = 0.03).

Conclusions
It appears that RCCs require repeat surgery in 13% of cases, and attempted GTR does not appear to reduce the overall rate of recurrence. However, more aggressive resections are associated with more complications in this series.
Rathke cleft cysts: a review of clinical and surgical management
Authors: Zada Gabriel 
Published: July 2011

The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of clinical, imaging, and histopathological features, as well as operative and nonoperative management strategies in patients with Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs).
A literature review was performed to identify previous articles that reported surgical and nonsurgical management of RCCs. Rathke cleft cysts are often incidental lesions found in the sellar and suprasellar regions and do not require surgical intervention in the majority of cases. In symptomatic RCCs, the typical clinical presentation includes headache, visual loss, and/or endocrine dysfunction. Visual field testing and endocrine laboratory studies may reveal more subtle deficiencies associated with RCCs. When indicated, the transsphenoidal approach typically offers the least invasive and safest method for treating these lesions. Various surgical strategies including cyst wall resection, intralesional alcohol injection, and sellar floor reconstruction are discussed. Although headache and visual symptoms frequently improve after surgical drainage of RCCs, hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus are less likely to do so. A subset of more aggressive, atypical RCCs associated with pronounced clinical symptoms and higher recurrence rates is discussed, as well as the possible relationship of these lesions to craniopharyngiomas.
Rathke cleft cysts are typically benign, asymptomatic lesions that can be monitored. In selected patients, transsphenoidal surgery provides excellent rates of improvement in clinical symptoms and long-term cyst resolution. Complete cyst wall resection, intraoperative alcohol cauterization, and sellar floor reconstruction in the absence of a CSF leak are not routinely recommended.
Antitumor effect of aspirin in glioblastoma cells by modulation of β-catenin/T-cell factor–mediated transcriptional activity
Authors: Lan Fengming , Yue Xiao , Han Lei , Yuan Xubo , Shi Zhendong , Huang Kai , Yang Yang , Zou Jian , Zhang Junxia , Jiang Tao , Pu Peiyu , Kang Chunsheng 
Published: July 2011

Object
The goal in this study was to investigate the antitumor effect of aspirin in glioblastoma cells and the molecular mechanism involved in its antineoplastic activities.

Methods
The authors used the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method, flow cytometry, the annexin V method, and Transwell cell invasion test to detect the proliferation and invasive activity of U87 and A172 glioma cells before and after being treated with aspirin. To determine the effects of aspirin on β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) transcription activity, reporter constructs containing 3 repeats of the wild-type (TOPflash) or mutant (FOPflash) TCF-binding sites were used. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were used to detect the expression of multiple β-catenin/TCF target genes following aspirin treatment.

Results
The transcriptional activity of the β-catenin/TCF complex was strongly inhibited by aspirin. Increasing the concentration of aspirin resulted in decreased expression of c-myc, cyclin D1, and fra-1 mRNA and protein in U87 and A172 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Aspirin inhibited glioma cell proliferation and invasive ability, and induced apoptotic cell death.

Conclusions
The results suggest that aspirin is a potent antitumor agent, and that it exerts its antineoplastic action by inhibition of the β-catenin/TCF signaling pathway in glioma cells.
Neuroprotective effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and relationship to promotion of angiogenesis after spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Kawabe Junko , Koda Masao , Hashimoto Masayuki , Fujiyoshi Takayuki , Furuya Takeo , Endo Tomonori , Okawa Akihiko , Yamazaki Masashi 
Published: July 2011

Object
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has neuroprotective effects on the CNS. The authors have previously demonstrated that G-CSF also exerts neuroprotective effects in experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) by enhancing migration of bone marrow–derived cells into the damaged spinal cord, increasing glial differentiation of bone marrow–derived cells, enhancing antiapoptotic effects on both neurons and oligodendrocytes, and by reducing demyelination and expression of inflammatory cytokines. Because the degree of angiogenesis in the subacute phase after SCI correlates with regenerative responses, it is possible that G-CSF's neuroprotective effects after SCI are due to enhancement of angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of G-CSF on the vascular system after SCI.

Methods
A contusive SCI rat model was used and the animals were randomly allocated to either a G-CSF–treated group or a control group. Integrity of the blood–spinal cord barrier was evaluated by measuring the degree of edema in the cord and the volume of extravasation. For histological evaluation, cryosections were immunostained with anti–von Willebrand factor and the number of vessels was counted to assess revascularization. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed to assess expression of angiogenic cytokines, and recovery of motor function was assessed with function tests.

Results
In the G-CSF–treated rats, the total number of vessels with a diameter > 20 μm was significantly larger and expression of angiogenic cytokines was significantly higher than those in the control group. The G-CSF–treated group showed significantly greater recovery of hindlimb function than the control group.

Conclusions
These results suggest that G-CSF exerts neuroprotective effects via promotion of angiogenesis after SCI.
Time course investigation of intervertebral disc degeneration produced by needle-stab injury of the rat caudal spine
Authors: Zhang Huina , Yang Sushan , Wang Lin , Park Paul , La Marca Frank , Hollister Scott J. , Lin Chia-Ying 
Published: July 2011

Object
In this study, the authors' goal was to investigate the long-term progression of disc degeneration and the participating mechanisms induced by needle puncture in a rat caudal disc model .

Methods
The C5–6 and C7–8 intervertebral discs of the caudal spine in rats were stabbed laterally using 21-gauge hypodermic needles to a depth of 5 mm from the subcutaneous surface with the aid of fluoroscopy. Signs of degeneration in the disc of the tail were analyzed from Day 1 to Week 30 by in vivo MR imaging, histology, and biochemical and/or molecular analyses.

Results
Magnetic resonance imaging showed a progressive decrease in T2 density and MR imaging index throughout the entire investigation, starting at Day 1 after the needle puncture. However, histological scores revealed a bimodal pattern, showing that severity increased in the first 17 days, declined thereafter, and increased again by 30 weeks. Gene expression analysis showed a transient up-regulation in gene expression of aggrecan, type II collagen, and BMP-2, and inhibition of type I collagen. The MMP-3 mRNA levels were up-regulated at all tested time points within 6 weeks postinjury. Furthermore, the degenerated disc did not recover spontaneously, as shown by decreases in T2 density, MR imaging index, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan content in conjunction with increases in histological scores at 15 and 30 weeks postsurgery.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that needle puncture into a tail disc in the rat induces a rapid and progressive disc degeneration process without spontaneous recovery. Changes in gene expression profiles of the disc matrix molecules as well as anabolic and catabolic factors at early time points further delineate the mechanism of disc degeneration in this newly developed animal model.
Three-Dimensional Invasion of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition–Positive Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells into Collagen Gel is Promoted by the Concentration Gradient of Fibronectin
Authors: Yamaguchi Youhei , Ishigaki Tatsuya , Sano Koushi , Miyamoto Kei-Ichi , Nomura Shinsuke , Horiuchi Takashi 
Published: July 2011

Background In long-term peritoneal dialysis, myofibroblast-like cells found in the interstitium of the peritoneum are assumed to be a transformed type of mesothelial cell—epithelial-mesenchymal transition-positive [EMT(+)] human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs)—because they express a mesothelial marker, cytokeratin. However, no direct evidence about how these cells are able to invade from the mesothelium has yet been obtained. Aim In this study, we aimed to verify whether EMT(+) HPMCs would, in vitro, invade three-dimensionally along certain chemotactic factors. Methods We used reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to measure expression of Snail, E-cadherin, α5-integrin, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) messenger RNA (mRNA) in HPMCs exposed to 10 ng/mL transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and how that expression corresponds to cell motility, as represented by a video movie. We used the Transwell (12 μm pore diameter: Sigma-Aldrich, Tokyo, Japan) to construct a three-dimensional (3D) cell migration chamber. In the lower chamber, a concentration gradient of fibronectin (FN) or albumin(Alb) was formed in 0.1% type I collagen by diffusion ( C0 = 22 nmol/L; concentration gradient: C / C0 = 0.7). All cells beneath the membrane were counted 72 hours after 5x104 EMT(+) HPMCs (HPMCs after a 48-hour exposure to 10 ng/mL TGFβ1) had been spread in the upper chamber. Results After 72 hours, the increased motility of HPMCs resulting from their exposure to 10 ng/mL TGFβ1 had returned to baseline, but they retained an elongated morphology. Expression of Snail and MMP2 mRNA reached maximum at 24 hours. Expression of E-cadherin declined, and expression of α5-integrin increased continuously. In the 3D invasion study, significantly enhanced invasion by EMT(+) but not EMT(-) HPMCs was clearly seen in the presence of a FN concentration gradient ( p < 0.01), although invasion by EMT(+) and EMT(-) HPMCs in the absence of a FN concentration gradient was not statistically significantly different. Compared with the EMT(+) control (no concentration gradient), invasion by EMT(+) HPMCs was 2.1 ± 0.5 times (p < 0.05) and 1.4 ± 0.4 times (p = nonsignificant) higher along the FN and Alb concentration gradients respectively. Increased invasion along the FN concentration gradient was significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) when the HPMCs were pre-incubated with 5 μg/mL RGDS (a blocker for α5-integrin to FN). Conclusions We conclude that EMT(+) HPMCs invade collagen gel along the FN concentration gradient because of specific binding to RGDS receptors, which bind integrins such as α5-integrin, upregulating invasion-related gene expression associated with synthesis of the cytoskeleton protein α smooth muscle actin.
Serum Urate in Chronic Gout — Will It Be the First Validated Soluble Biomarker in Rheumatology?
Authors: STAMP LISA K. , KHANNA PUJA P. , DALBETH NICOLA , BOERS MAARTEN , MAKSYMOWYCH WALTER P. , SCHUMACHER H. RALPH , BECKER MICHAEL A. , MacDONALD PATRICIA A. , EDWARDS N. LAWRENCE , SINGH JASVINDER A. , SIMON LEE S. , McQUEEN FIONA M. , NEOGI TUHINA , GAFFO ANGELO L. , STRAND VIBEKE , TAYLOR WILLIAM J. 
Published: July 2011

Objective.To summarize evidence for and endorsement of serum urate (SU) as having fulfilled the OMERACT filter as a soluble biomarker in chronic gout at the 2010 Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Meeting (OMERACT 10).Methods.Data were presented to support the use of SU as a soluble biomarker in chronic gout and specifically the ability to utilize it to predict future patient-reported outcomes.Results.SU was accepted as having fulfilled the OMERACT filter by 78% of voters. However, consensus was not obtained regarding its use as a soluble biomarker in chronic gout. Although the majority of the criteria for a soluble biomarker were fulfilled, the key criterion of association of the biomarker with outcomes was not agreed upon. It was agreed that the appropriate choice of endpoint must be linked to its clinical importance to the individual with the disorder and its temporal relationship to the intervention. Appropriate outcomes in chronic gout may therefore include gout flares, reduction in tophi, and patient-reported outcomes.Conclusion.SU is a critical outcome measure. It has the potential to fulfil criteria for a soluble biomarker. Further analyses of existing data from randomized controlled trials will be required to determine whether SU can predict future important outcomes, in particular disability.
Bringing It All Together: A Novel Approach to the Development of Response Criteria for Chronic Gout Clinical Trials
Authors: TAYLOR WILLIAM J. , SINGH JASVINDER A. , SAAG KENNETH G. , DALBETH NICOLA , MacDONALD PATRICIA A. , EDWARDS N. LAWRENCE , SIMON LEE S. , STAMP LISA K. , NEOGI TUHINA , GAFFO ANGELO L. , KHANNA PUJA P. , BECKER MICHAEL A. , SCHUMACHER H. RALPH 
Published: July 2011

Objective.To review a novel approach for constructing composite response criteria for use in chronic gout clinical trials that implements a method of multicriteria decision-making.Methods.Preliminary work with paper patient profiles led to a restricted set of core-set domains that were examined using 1000MindsTM by rheumatologists with an interest in gout, and (separately) by OMERACT registrants prior to OMERACT 10. These results and the 1000Minds approach were discussed during OMERACT 10 to help guide next steps in developing composite response criteria.Results.There were differences in how individual indicators of response were weighted between gout experts and OMERACT registrants. Gout experts placed more weight upon changes in uric acid levels, whereas OMERACT registrants placed more weight upon reducing flares. Discussion highlighted the need for a “pain” domain to be included, for “worsening” to be an additional level within each indicator, for a group process to determine the decision-making within a 1000Minds exercise, and for the value of patient involvement.Conclusion.Although there was not unanimous support for the 1000Minds approach to inform the construction of composite response criteria, there is sufficient interest to justify ongoing development of this methodology and its application to real clinical trial data.
Devil's power's origin
Authors: Linde Reinhard 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Martin Heidegger a caché ses intentions sociales-politiques jusqu’en 1933 sous des théorèmes philosophiques généraux qui furent pourtant révélés pendant la domination national-socialiste. L’interprétation, l’affirmation de Heidegger ainsi que la présentation académique de son enseignement esquivent l’éclairage posé par la recherche sur de nombreux « passages obscurs » dans ses textes. C’est la raison pour laquelle elle est basée sur une lecture heideggerienne éminemment mutilée. Son œuvre prétendument innocente politiquement est dissociée d’un prétendu gâchis politique durant la période nazie. Le discours fervent et systématique de Heidegger sur l’historicité est pourtant inhérent à la prétention d’être une force de retournement politique et réaliste qui est précisément celle de ses théorèmes. Il en démontra lui-même les orientations et applications sociales après 1933. La dépolitisation très répandue de la philosophie de Heidegger sert le plus souvent ses partisans pronazis. Néanmoins, ils dénient et minimisent ses véritables intentions parce qu’ils les connaissent et les approuvent. Ils croient pouvoir faire la promotion d’un prétendu « bon » nazisme en se fondant sur sa façon de penser apparemment dénuée de radicalité. L’analyse des théorèmes cardinaux heideggeriens comme le Dasein , « la précipitation dans la mort » et « l’élection du héros », montre qu’il n’accède absolument pas au niveau philosophique, sociopsychologique et théorico-politique qu’il croit avancer dans son argumentation. Il s’en sert pour doubler, grâce à une apparence ontologique, un « idéal ontique » qui est caractérisé par ce qui est « völkisch » , étatiquement mené par un Führer et guerrier.
Observer les mobilisations
Authors: Combes Hélène , Hmed Choukri , Mathieu Lilian , Siméant-Germanos Johanna , Sommier Isabelle 
Published: July 2011

Résumé En quoi consiste aujourd’hui la pratique du chercheur étudiant les mouvements sociaux ? Comment stimuler l’imagination sociologique au moment où se manifeste une triple routinisation des objets, des schèmes d’interprétation et des arts de faire méthodologiques dans ce domaine des sciences sociales ? Il ne s’agit pas ici de céder à certaines formes de « méthodologisme » en proposant une méthode, ni a fortiori « la bonne méthode » d’étude des mobilisations, détachée des enjeux de connaissance propres à chaque recherche spécifique. Plutôt qu’un durcissement méthodologique ou la promotion d’un modèle standardisé d’approche empirique des mobilisations, l’article et le dossier appellent à un retour au principe d’unité des sciences sociales, seul moyen de ne pas se couper de pans entiers de la recherche en train de se faire et d’avoir quelque chance d’ouvrir de nouvelles questions. Penser et regarder autrement les mobilisations, c’est ce à quoi invitent donc les chercheurs réunis dans ce numéro, en suggérant en particulier de mieux prendre en compte l’inscription des mobilisations dans le temps, l’espace et l’ordre social.
Du « Pioupiou » au « Vieux Sarce » ou comment en être : ethnographie d'une socialisation chez les pompiers
Authors: Pudal Romain 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Cet article vise à restituer les étapes d’une socialisation dite « secondaire » dans un milieu professionnel qui est celui des sapeurs-pompiers français. Il s’appuie sur une enquête ethnographique de près de neuf ans en tant qu’homme du rang à Paris et dans la grande couronne parisienne. Il se propose d’analyser la structuration processuelle d’un habitus spécifique en insistant sur l’apprentissage par corps, les modalités institutionnelles de l’inculcation de cet habitus ainsi que les codes, les rites et les représentations propres à cet univers social et professionnel.