bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retention of immunolabels by Diorhabda carinulata, a biological control agent of saltcedar
Authors: Williams Livy , Hagler James R. , Tonkel Kirk C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMarking biological control agents facilitates studies of dispersal and predation. This study examines the feasibility of marking the various life stages of a weed biological control agent, Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), by submersion in rabbit or chicken immunoglobulin G (IgG) protein solutions. We determined whether externally applied IgGs are effective labels of the various lifestages, whether IgGs can be retained between D. carinulata lifestages, and to what extent abiotic factors associated with field conditions mediate label retention. The presence of the labels on the various lifestages of the beetles was detected by IgG‐specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Duration of each immunolabel was measured on eggs and larvae in laboratory studies and on adults in laboratory and field studies. For adults, both labels showed high (>80%) retention for ca. 14 days after marking under field and laboratory conditions. Temperature and type of label (rabbit or chicken) had only a minimal effect on marker retention. Externally marked eggs exhibited high (100%) retention for both proteins over the entire duration of the egg stage. Interestingly, some larvae emerging from externally labeled eggs contained both external and internal IgG marks. To our knowledge, this is the first case of an IgG being transferred from the egg to larva of an insect. Age of eggs at the time of label application affected the intensity of the external label on neonates. For instance, larvae that emerged from eggs that were >1 day old when labeled exhibited stronger label retention than larvae that emerged from eggs that were 1 day old when labeled. For larvae, retention of rabbit IgG was greater than retention of chicken IgG. Label retention declined as larvae aged; larvae >3 days old retained significantly less label than did neonate larvae. Both IgG labels were retained from the first to second instar, but at a very low rate of <10%. Overall, our study demonstrates that protein‐marking technology has potential for use in studies of dispersal and predator–prey associations for D. carinulata.
Motion level in Graphosoma lineatum coincides with ontogenetic change in defensive colouration
Authors: Johansen Aleksandra Irene , Tullberg Birgitta S. , Gambrale‐Stille Gabriella 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCrypsis and aposematism are two different approaches to predation avoidance. Theoretically, the chosen strategy depends on the prevailing possibilities and constraints to the animal. Consequently, insects often change strategy between life stages, but a switch in strategy within a life stage is quite uncommon. In the Swedish shieldbug, Graphosoma lineatum L. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), there is a colour change from the pre‐hibernating to the post‐hibernating adults that alters their protective strategy from effective crypsis to aposematism, although both stages are distasteful to predators. The change in colour occurs as there is a shift of seasons, which alters the environmental background. Here, we investigate whether there is a change in behaviour in G. lineatum connected to the change in colouration and protective strategy. We therefore measured the motion levels in the two different colour forms of G. lineatum, both in the field and in a more controlled laboratory set up. Our result clearly shows that there is a change in behaviour connected to the change in colour. Thus, we found that the cryptic pre‐hibernation form has a significantly lower motion level than the aposematic post‐hibernation form, which is in line with the fact that motion disrupts crypsis, but not aposematism.
The new low‐toxic histone deacetylase inhibitor S‐(2) induces apoptosis in various acute myeloid leukaemia cells
Authors: Cellai C. , Balliu M. , Laurenzana A. , Guandalini L. , Matucci R. , Miniati D. , Torre E. , Nebbioso A. , Carafa V. , Altucci L. , Romanelli M. N. , Paoletti F. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHistone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) induce tumour cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis, and some of them are currently used in cancer therapy. Recently, we described a series of powerful HDACi characterized by a 1,4‐benzodiazepine (BDZ) ring hybridized with a linear alkyl chain bearing a hydroxamate function as Zn++‐chelating group. Here, we explored the anti‐leukaemic properties of three novel hybrids, namely the chiral compounds (S)‐2 and (R)‐2, and their non‐chiral analogue 4, which were first comparatively tested in promyelocytic NB4 cells. (S)‐2 and partially 4– but not (R)‐2 – caused G0/G1 cell‐cycle arrest by up‐regulating cyclin G2 and p21 expression and down‐regulating cyclin D2 expression, and also apoptosis as assessed by cell morphology and cytofluorimetric assay, histone H2AX phosphorylation and PARP cleavage. Notably, these events were partly prevented by an anti‐oxidant. Moreover, novel HDACi prompted p53 and α‐tubulin acetylation and, consistently, inhibited HDAC1 and 6 activity. The rank order of potency was (S)‐2 > 4 > (R)‐2, reflecting that of other biological assays and addressing (S)‐2 as the most effective compound capable of triggering apoptosis in various acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cell lines and blasts from patients with different AML subtypes. Importantly, (S)‐2 was safe in mice (up to 150 mg/kg/week) as determined by liver, spleen, kidney and bone marrow histopathology; and displayed negligible affinity for peripheral/central BDZ‐receptors. Overall, the BDZ‐hydroxamate (S)‐2 showed to be a low‐toxic HDACi with powerful anti‐proliferative and pro‐apototic activities towards different cultured and primary AML cells, and therefore of clinical interest to support conventional anti‐leukaemic therapy.
Vascular endothelial growth factor A protein level and gene expression in intracranial meningiomas with brain edema
Authors: NASSEHI DAMOUN , DYRBYE HENRIK , ANDRESEN MORTEN , THOMSEN CARSTEN , JUHLER MARIANNE , LAURSEN HENNING , BROHOLM HELLE 
Published: October 2011

Nassehi D, Dyrbye H, Andresen M, Thomsen C, Juhler M, Laursen H, Broholm H. Vascular endothelial growth factor A protein level and gene expression in intracranial meningiomas with brain edema. APMIS 2011; 119: 831–43.Meningiomas are the second most common primary intracranial tumors in adults. Although meningiomas are mostly benign, more than 50% of patients with meningioma develop peritumoral brain edema (PTBE), which may be fatal because of increased intracranial pressure. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell‐specific mitogen and angiogen. VEGF‐A protein, which is identical to vascular permeability factor, is a regulator of angiogenesis. In this study, 101 patients with meningiomas, and possible co‐factors to PTBE, such as meningioma subtypes and tumor location, were examined. Forty‐three patients had primary, solitary, supratentorial meningiomas with PTBE. In these, correlations in PTBE, edema index, VEGF‐A protein, VEGF gene expression, capillary length, and tumor water content were investigated. DNA‐branched hybridization was used for measuring VEGF gene expression in tissue homogenates prepared from frozen tissue samples. The method for VEGF‐A analysis resembled an ELISA assay, but was based on chemiluminescence. The edema index was positively correlated to VEGF‐A protein (p = 0.014) and VEGF gene expression (p < 0.05). The capillary length in the meningiomas was positively correlated to the PTBE (p = 0.038). If VEGF is responsible for the formation of PTBE, the edema may be treated with the anti‐VEGF drug Bevacizumab (Avastin), which has been shown to reduce PTBE in patients with glioblastoma multiforme.
Antimicrobial susceptibility to parenteral and oral agents in a largely polyclonal collection of CTX‐M‐14 and CTX‐M‐15‐producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: TITELMAN EMILIA , IVERSEN AINA , KAHLMETER GUNNAR , GISKE CHRISTIAN G. 
Published: October 2011

Titelman E, Iversen A, Kahlmeter G, Giske CG. Antimicrobial susceptibility to parenteral and oral agents in a largely polyclonal collection of CTX‐M‐14 and CTX‐M‐15‐producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. APMIS 2011; 119: 853–63.Activity of oral and parenteral antimicrobials against consecutively isolated extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Escherichia coli (n = 149) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 20) was determined, and susceptibility test methods were compared for parenteral β‐lactams. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting blaCTX‐M, blaSHV and blaTEM, and DNA sequencing and epidemiological typing with pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis were performed. PCR targeting pabB was screened for E. coli O25b‐ST131. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using Etest and broth microdilution. Disc diffusion was performed according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Dominating genotypes were blaCTX‐M‐15 (75%) and blaCTX‐M‐14 (23%). Four E. coli clusters (7–18 isolates) were found. Forty‐two per cent of E. coli belonged to O25b‐ST131. Ciprofloxacin resistance was 72%, trimethoprim resistance was 70%. Among E. coli, resistance to mecillinam (13%), nitrofurantoin (7%) and fosfomycin (3%) was low, although resistance was high in K. pneumoniae (25%, 60%, 85%). Susceptibility to ertapenem was 99%, piperacillin‐tazobactam 91%, tigecycline 96% and temocillin 76%. Susceptibility rates obtained with broth microdilution and Etest were in agreement for cefotaxime (2 vs 1%) and ceftazidime (9 vs 11%), but not for piperacillin‐tazobactam (59 vs 91%). With disc diffusion major errors occurred with piperacillin‐tazobactam (18/169). Several therapeutic alternatives exist for ESBL‐producing E. coli, but few exist for K. pneumoniae. Disc diffusion and Etest can accurately predict susceptibility to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, but not to piperacillin‐tazobactam with the present breakpoints.
Local effects of intra‐articular injection of anti‐rabbit tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody in antigen‐induced arthritis of the rabbit temporomandibular joint
Authors: Ohtani Taishi , Habu Manabu , Khanal Amit , Yoshioka Izumi , Matsukawa Akihiro , Tominaga Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 96–105Background:  Local effects of intra‐articular (IA) injection of anti‐rabbit tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody (anti‐TNFα mAb) for antigen‐induced mono‐arthritis (AIA) of the rabbit temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its systemic influences were evaluated.Methods:  Biochemical analysis of synovial fluid (SF), clinical and histopathological analyses of TMJ, and serum analysis were performed after inducing AIA in bilateral TMJs of 40 New Zealand White rabbits. IA injection of anti‐TNFα mAb in unilateral TMJ (TNF blockade side; n = 12) and IgG (n = 12) was performed while saline injected on the contralateral side. TNFα and IL‐1β in SF was analyzed at Days 1, 3, 7, and 21. Joint swelling and head withdrawal reflex threshold (WRT) over TMJs were evaluated in TNF blockade side (n = 12) with histopathological analysis at Days 3, 7, and 21. In remaining four animals with TNF blockade, TNFα and anti‐TNFα mAb in serum were analyzed.Results:  Tumor necrosis factor alpha in SF was significantly lower in TNF blockade side on all days but IL‐1β was lower only on Day 3. WRT was significantly higher at all times in the blockade side. Less inflammatory reactions and degenerative changes of cartilage were observed on Days 7 and 21 in the blockade side. TNFα and anti‐TNFα mAb were under detection level in serum at all times.Conclusions:  Intra‐articular injection of anti‐rabbit TNFα mAb in mono‐arthritis model was effective to control local inflammation and degenerative joint changes. Further, low‐dose IA injection of antibody may not have systemic side effects.
Genetic Variants, Immune Function, and Risk of Pre‐Eclampsia among American Indians
Authors: Best Lyle G. , Nadeau Melanie , Davis Kylie , Lamb Felicia , Bercier Shellee , Anderson Cindy M. 
Published: October 2011

Citation Best LG, Nadeau M, Davis K, Lamb F, Bercier S, Anderson CM. Genetic variants, immune function, and risk of pre‐eclampsia among American Indians. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 67: 152–159Problem  To determine the prevalence in an American Indian population of genetic variants with putative effects on immune function and determine if they are associated with pre‐eclampsia (PE).Method of study  In a study of 66 cases and 130 matched controls, six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with either previously demonstrated or postulated modulating effects on the immune system were genotyped. Allele frequencies and various genetic models were evaluated by conditional logistic regression in both univariate and multiply adjusted models.Results  Although most genetic variants lacked evidence of association with PE, the minor allele of the CRP related, rs1205 SNP in a dominant model with adjustment for age at delivery, nulliparity, and body mass index, exhibited an odds ratio of 0.259 (95% CI of 0.08–0.81, P = 0.020) in relation to severe PE (48 cases). The allelic prevalence of this variant was 46.1% in this population.Conclusion  Of the six SNPs related to immune function in this study, a functional variant in the 3′UTR of the CRP gene was shown to be associated with severe PE in an American Indian population.
The developing immune system – from foetus to toddler
Authors: Ygberg Sofia , Nilsson Anna 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDuring foetal development, neonatal period and childhood, the immune system is constantly maturing. In the foetus, infection responsiveness is low and associates with spontaneous abortion. During the neonatal period, the infection response shifts towards a more pro‐inflammatory response. The immune system of the newborn acquires adaptive features as a result of exposure to microbes.Conclusion:  The development of the human immune system is a continuous process where both accelerated and retarded development is deleterious.
Fathers' Perceptions of Their Roles During In‐Home Training for Children With Autism
Authors: Donaldson Susan O. , Elder Jennifer H. , Self Erica H. , Christie Meghan B. 
Published: October 2011

PROBLEM:  Currently, most research related to parents of children with autism has focused on mothers, and little is known about the fathers' interaction with their children.PURPOSE:  The purpose of the qualitative study is to assist in more fully describing and understanding fathers' perceptions of their roles, relationships with their children with autism, and participation in an in‐home training intervention designed to enhance parent–child interactions as well as child language and social interactions.METHODS:  In depth semi‐structured interviews with 10 fathers were conducted at home, videotaped, transcribed, and reviewed for common themes and significant statementsFINDINGS:  Five common themes were discovered, fathers expressed their view of their roles, and fathers reported the father‐directed in‐home intervention was effective in enhancing father–child relationships.CONCLUSION:  Communication between fathers and their children appears to be the key to a successful relationship. Although verbal communication deficit is a predominant feature of autism, these fathers noted other ways of effective communicating including time spent playing or just being with the child.
Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence on Child Witnesses: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Wood Samantha L. , Sommers Marilyn S. 
Published: October 2011

PROBLEM:  Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious social problem that affects all members of a household. Approximately 22% of violent crimes perpetrated against women and 3% against men are related to IPV, and often children witness these crimes. This paper addresses the evidence related to the short‐ and long‐term consequences on the physical, psychosocial, and emotional status of child witnesses.METHODS:  A systemic review and analysis of the literature was performed with 24 articles from 2000 to 2010 that were identified through electronic search strategies.FINDINGS:  Differences were found in the behaviors of children who witness and do not witness IPV that have short‐ and long‐term consequences and affect relationships with same‐sex peers, dating partners, and future partners with a clear pattern of dose‐response.CONCLUSIONS:  Healthcare providers can implement theoretically driven, gender and culturally appropriate interventions for children with a history of IPV exposure with outcomes that positively affect the lives of children.
Externalizing Metaphors: Anxiety and High‐Functioning Autism
Authors: McGuinty Everett , Armstrong David , Nelson John , Sheeler Stephanie 
Published: October 2011

TOPIC:  The intent of this article is to explore the efficacy of both the literal and concrete externalization aspects within narrative therapy, and the implementation of interactive metaphors as a combined psychotherapeutic approach for decreasing anxiety with people who present with high‐functioning autism.PURPOSE:  The purpose of this exploratory article is to propose the use of externalizing metaphors as a treatment modality as a potentially useful way to engage clients. Specifically, a three‐step process of change is described, which allows for concretizing affective states and experiences, and makes use of visual strengths of people presenting with an autism spectrum disorder.SOURCE:  A selective review was conducted of significant works regarding the process of change in narrative therapy, with particular emphasis on metaphors. Works were selected based on their relevance to the current paper and included both published works (searched via Psyc‐INFO) and materials from narrative training sessions.CONCLUSIONS:  Further research is needed to address the testable hypotheses resulting from the current model. This line of research would not only establish best practices in a population for which there is no broadly accepted treatment paradigm, but would also contribute to the larger fields of abnormal psychology, emotion regulation, and cognitive psychology by further elucidating the complex ways these systems interact.
INFLUENCE OF CHEWING GUM ON THE DISCRIMINATION EFFICIENCY OF 2AFC SENSORY TESTS
Authors: SEPULVEDA D.R. , CHACON R. , CLARK S. , OLIVAS G.I. , JIMENEZ J. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTA water‐based sucrose solution at subthreshold concentration (1 g/L) and pure water were used to evaluate the discriminative ability of nontrained judges to perform a two‐alternative forced‐choice (2AFC) test after the use of chewing gum for different periods of time. Three types of chewing gum were evaluated: CF, fruit‐flavored caloric (sweetened with sucrose/dextrose); NF, fruit‐flavored noncaloric (sweetened with Sorbitol/Xylitol); and NC, unsweetened, unflavored, unsoftened gum base. Two fixed times and four time classes were selected for the chewing times studied at 2, 5, 10–19, 20–29, 30–39 and ≥40 min. While the control group (no gum) was not able to consistently identify the sweet solution, judges chewing NC, NF and CF were able to do so (α = 0.05) after 5, 10 and 30 min of chewing, respectively. An increase in salivary flow rate, salivary pH and perceptive memory elicited by the gustatory and mechanical stimulation involved in the act of chewing are suggested as possible mechanisms behind the observed effect.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSDiscriminative sensory analytical methods must be able to reliably detect and quantify differences between samples. Any new test protocol or addition to it, which is able to improve the performance and sensitivity of sensory judges as individuals or as a group, helps in reaching this goal. From a practical point of view, ensuring that a test protocol renders results comparable with those produced by the most sensitive individuals in a given population guarantees the validity and usefulness of the conducted tests and their results. The proposed use of chewing gum as a preparative step in discriminative sensory test protocols is an attempt to finding a method able to increase the discriminative ability of sensory taste panels composed of nontrained judges.
Effect of 1‐Methylcyclopropene on Chilling Injury and Quality of Peach Fruit during Cold Storage
Authors: Jin Peng , Shang Haitao , Chen Jingjing , Zhu Hong , Zhao Yingying , Zheng Yonghua 
Published: October 2011

Abstract:  The effects of different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 μL/L) of 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) on chilling injury (CI), fruit quality, and antioxidant enzyme activities in cold‐stored peach fruit (Prunus persica Batsch cv Baifeng) were investigated. The results showed that treatment with 0.5 μL/L 1‐MCP significantly alleviated CI symptoms, including internal browing (IB) and flesh mealiness (FM), and maintained higher fruit quality. In addition, 1‐MCP inhibited the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), maintained higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and kept the balance of the polygalacturonase (PG)/pectinmethylesterase (PME) ratio. The treatment of 1‐MCP markedly inhibited the increase of electrolyte leakage and the accumulation of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Thus, 1‐MCP (0.5 μL/L) treatment is effective in preventing CI and maintaining overall quality in peach fruit. The effect of 1‐MCP on alleviating CI may be due to its capability to enhance antioxidant enzyme activities and to reduce oxidative damage.Practical Application:  Treatment with 0.5 μL/L 1‐MCP significantly prevented chilling injury and maintained fruit quality in “Baifeng” peaches. In addition, 1‐MCP could enhance antioxidant enzyme activities and alleviate oxidative damage. Thus, 1‐MCP has the potential for application in the Asiatic peach industry.
Simultaneous Enhancement of Free Isoflavone Content and Antioxidant Potential of Soybean by Fermentation with Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Hwan Nam Dae , Jung Kim Hyo , Sun Lim Ji , Heon Kim Kyoung , Park Cheon‐Seok , Hwan Kim Jeong , Lim Jinkyu , Young Kwon Dae , Kim In‐Ho , Kim Jong‐Sang 
Published: October 2011

Abstract:  In order to determine the fungal strain and fermentation period which produce the highest antioxidant activity of fermented soy product, soybean was fermented with Aspergillus oryzae NL 5 isolated from Korean traditional meju produced in Sunchang Yeastopia Land in Korea, and was subjected to analyzing isoflavone profiles and assaying antioxidant activity. Antioxidant potential of the samples was evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, 2,2′‐azinobis (2‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity and total phenolic contents. In addition, antioxidant assay using fluorescent probes, 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate and dihydroethidium, in HepG2 cells was conducted for the samples. The results showed that both high isoflavone variety Aga 3 and medium isoflavone variety Daewon of soybean fermented with Asp oryzae NL5 for 4 to 5 d showed the highest increase in free isoflavone contents, together with the highest antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the antioxidant activity of fermented soy was proportional to the concentration of free isoflavones, and was significantly influenced by total isoflavone content of soybean variety and fermentation period.Practical Application:  Isoflavone profile and antioxidant capacity of soybean were widely variable during fermentation with Asp oryzae, and thereby it is recommended that meju (or koji) preparation condition, in particular, fermentation time is carefully optimized to maximize the antioxidant capacity of soy products fermented by Asp oryzae.