bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic quantification of peptides/proteins in urine using selected reaction monitoring
Authors: Selevsek Nathalie , Matondo Mariette , Carbayo Marta Sanchez , Aebersold Ruedi , Domon Bruno 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe evaluation of biomarkers in bodily fluids necessitates the development of robust methods to quantify proteins in a complex background, using large sets of samples. The ability to multiplex numerous analytes in a single assay expedites the process. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) analyses performed in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) in conjunction with stable isotope dilution MS present an effective way to detect and quantify biomarker candidates in bodily fluids. The strategy presented involves an initial qualification of predefined sets of proteins in urine. The technique was applied to detect and quantify peptides in urine samples as surrogates for a few endogenous proteins. Multiplexed assays were developed to analyze proteins associated with bladder cancer; a few exogenous proteins were added as internal standards. The sample preparation and the analytical protocols were optimized to ensure reproducibility, analytical precision, and quantification limits in the low nanogram per milliliter range. Analyses were performed using known amounts of isotopically labeled peptides. Systematic replication of the measurements indicated intra‐assay and inter‐assay variability, with CVs in the range of 10%. The differences measured for two targeted proteins were correlated with their level of expression in the corresponding tumors using immunohistochemistry.
Conjugated polyelectrolytes and neutral polymers with poly(2,7‐carbazole) backbone: Synthesis, characterization, and photovoltaic application
Authors: Xu Xiaofeng , Cai Wanzhu , Chen Junwu , Cao Yong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPoly(2,7‐carbazole) neutral polymers (PC‐N, PC‐NOH, and PC‐P) and polyelectrolytes (PC‐NBr and PC‐SO3Na) with hydrophilic pendant groups of ammonium, phosphonate, and sulfonate were synthesized as interlayers for cathode modifications in bulk‐heterojunction photovoltaic cells (BHJ PVCs). The absorptions of the polymers were determined by the poly(2,7‐carbazole) backbone, showing absorption peaks at ∼390 nm for their solutions and films. Because of large intermolecular interactions, excimer emissions with wavelengths higher than 500 nm were found in the photoluminescence spectra of the films of the polymers, which weakened the light emissions of the polymers. PC‐N, PC‐NBr, PC‐NOH, and PC‐P possessed comparable HOMO levels of −5.23 eV and LUMO levels of −2.4 eV, but HOMO and LUMO levels of PC‐SO3Na were up‐lying to −4.91 and −2.12 eV, respectively. PC‐N, PC‐NBr, PC‐NOH, and PC‐P were selected to construct thin interlayers in BHJ PVCs with PFO‐DBT35:PCBM = 1:4 as the active layer. Compared with traditional Al cathode, bilayer cathodes with the interlayers showed improvements of open‐circuit voltages and short‐circuit currents of the PVCs. PC‐NOH was the best for the photovoltaic performances and over 20% increase of power conversion efficiency (PCE) was achieved. The bilayer cathodes would have great potential to further elevate PCE of BHJ PVCs with other active layer materials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Characterisation of spinosad resistance in the housefly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Shi Jing , Zhang Lan , Gao Xiwu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Spinosad, a relatively new, effective and safe pesticide, has been widely used in pest control over the last 10 years. However, different levels of resistance to this insecticide have developed in some insects worldwide.RESULTS: After continuous selection for 27 generations, a strain (SpRR) of the housefly developed 247‐fold resistance to spinosad compared with the laboratory susceptible strain (CSS). The estimated realised heritability (h2) of spinosad resistance was 0.14. There was no significant difference in the LD50 values and slopes between reciprocal progenies F1 and F1′, and values of 0.33 (F1) and 0.30 (F1′) were obtained for the degree of dominance. Chi‐square analysis from responses of self‐bred (F2) and backcrosses (BC1 and BC2) were highly significant, suggesting that the resistance was probably controlled by more than one gene. Synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO), diethyl maleate (DEM) and S,S,S‐tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) affected the toxicity of spinosad at a low level, and demonstrated that metabolic‐mediated detoxification was not an important factor in conferring resistance to spinosad in the SpRR strain.CONCLUSION: It was concluded that spinosad resistance in the housefly was autosomal and incompletely dominant, and the resistance was probably controlled by more than one gene. These results provide the basic information for designing successful management programmes for the control of houseflies. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Trapping whiteflies? A comparison of greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) responses to trap crops and yellow sticky traps
Authors: Moreau Tara L , Isman Murray B 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Greenhouse whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), are notorious pests that, through the reduction of crop yields and excretion of honeydew, cause significant economic losses for sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growers. Chemical and biological controls are the two most common forms of whitefly management in greenhouses. Consequently, insecticide resistance and inadequate control have rejuvenated interest in alternative tactics. In the present study, whitefly responses to trap crops (eggplant and squash) and yellow sticky traps were compared in order to identify the most effective traps for dispersing and resident adults.RESULTS: Results indicated that yellow sticky traps were most effective at trapping adult whiteflies. Significantly more dispersing whiteflies were recorded on eggplant than on squash trap crops. None of the traps significantly reduced adult populations on the main crops (peppers) compared with the control. However, yellow sticky traps did significantly reduce oviposition on peppers.CONCLUSIONS: Adult whiteflies were most effectively trapped on yellow sticky traps followed by eggplant trap crops. Further study of whitefly trapping using visual cues may enhance trapping management. Specifically, research combining yellow sticky traps with other control strategies is recommended. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamic plant uptake model applied for drip irrigation of an insecticide to pepper fruit plants
Authors: Legind Charlotte N , Kennedy Coleen M , Rein Arno , Snyder Nathan , Trapp Stefan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Drip application of insecticides is an effective way to deliver the chemical to the plant that avoids off‐site movement via spray drift and minimizes applicator exposure. The aim of this paper is to present a cascade model for the uptake of pesticide into plants following drip irrigation, its application for a soil‐applied insecticide and a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters.RESULTS: The model predicted the measured increase and decline of residues following two soil applications of an insecticide to peppers, with an absolute error between model and measurement ranging from 0.002 to 0.034 mg kg fw−1. Maximum measured concentrations in pepper fruit were approximately 0.22 mg kg fw−1. Temperature was the most sensitive component for predicting the peak and final concentration in pepper fruit, through its influence on soil and plant degradation rates.CONCLUSION: Repeated simulations of pulse inputs with the cascade model adequately describe soil pesticide applications to an actual cropped system and reasonably mimic it. The model has the potential to be used for the optimization of practical features, such as application rates and waiting times between applications and before harvest, through the integrated accounting of soil, plant and environmental influences. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Improvement of solar cells performances by surface passivation using porous silicon chemically treated with LiBr solution
Authors: Haddadi Ikbel , Dimassi Wissem , Bousbih Rabaa , Hajji Massoud , Kanzari M. Ali , Ezzaouia Hatem 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSolar cells need efficient light absorption to achieve high efficiencies. In this paper, we present a study on the immersion effect of porous silicon (PS) in a Lithium Bromide (LiBr) aqueous solution, followed by thermal annealing at 100 °C for 30 min under nitrogen atmosphere on solar cells performances. The surface morphology was studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). All samples were analyzed by Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) before and after LiBr immersion. Good electrical properties were observed after thermal annealing at 100 °C for 30 min under nitrogen atmosphere. The reflection spectra of PS, before and after LiBr treatment, performed in the 300‐1200 nm wavelength range, showed an important decrease of the reflectivity by this new treatment. A significant increase of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity was obtained after LiBr treatment. An enhancement of the light beam induced current (LBIC) as well as the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) were shown after LiBr treatment. I–V characteristics, under AM1.5 illumination, were improved owing to the increase of the minority carrier diffusion length (L) and an excellent enhancement of the surface recombination velocity (Vs) (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of rf power on the properties of nanostructured silicon‐carbon films deposited by PECVD
Authors: Coscia U. , Ambrosone G. , Basa D.K. , Rava P. , Ferrero S. , Virga A. , Tucci M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNanostructured films composed of silicon crystallites embedded in an hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbon matrix have been deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition from silane methane mixture diluted in hydrogen varying the rf power from 30 to 80 W. The films have been investigated in their structural, optical and electrical properties. The increase of rf power appears to be an effective deposition parameter to increase the incorporation of carbon in the amorphous matrix and to facilitate the reduction of the crystallite size. The dark conductivity of the studied films decreases from 1.4 × 10‐3 to 3.5 × 10‐9 Ω‐1cm‐1 while the photo conductivity decreases from to 3.2 × 10‐3 to 3.5 × 10‐7 Ω‐1cm‐1 as a function of rf power. The photosensitivity is about 100 in 40‐80 W range. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First‐principles study on initial stage of oxidation on Si(110) surface
Authors: Nagasawa Takahiro , Shiba Seiji , Sueoka Koji 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThere is a great deal of engineering interest in Si (110) wafers as the substrates of large scale integrations (LSIs) in the next generation. However, few studies on Si (110) surface have been reported in comparison with those on other low‐index surfaces, still less the mechanism of surface oxidation. We analyzed the surface structure and the initial stage of oxidation on the Si (110)‐(16×2) clean surface with first‐principles calculation. The results of our calculations showed that first, the stable structure of the Si (110) clean surface was the adatom‐tetramer‐interstitial (ATI) reconstruction. Second, pairs of pentagon (PPs) were preferentially oxidized in the initial stage of the oxidation. Third, the oxidation growth should progress with the clustering of O atoms (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Observation of strains caused by heterostructure interfaces
Authors: Nishimori Masashi , Hasegawa Hirokazu , Sasaki Susumu , Watanabe Shinji , Hirayama Yoshiro 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBy developing the sensitivity of our custom‐made spectrometer, we have succeeded for the first time in detecting the strains in an Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs heterostructrued sample through Al nuclear spins based on standard nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. By analyzing the observed quadrupolar‐split frequency value, it is concluded that the strain is dominantly caused by the lattice mismatch around the interface, rather than the contraction of epoxy resin that bundles the sample. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of SnO2 crystalline thin films by mist chemical vapour deposition method
Authors: Okuno Takeya , Oshima Takayoshi , Lee Sam‐Dong , Fujita Shizuo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSingle crystalline tin oxide (SnO2) thin films, as a candidate for next generation novel and multifunctional transparent devices, have been grown by the mist chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method. Using water solution of tin dichloride as a source precursor, which was ultrasonically atomized to form mist particles being transferred to the reaction area by a carrier gas, the mist CVD allows safe and cost‐effective growth of high‐quality single crystalline films on sapphire substrates. The carrier concentration and mobility were 1.9×1017 cm‐3 and 55 cm2/Vs, respectively, which were comparable to those of SnO2 films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Growth of safe materials such as oxides by environmental‐friendly technology, as we demonstrated in this paper, is one of the targets to which future compound semiconductor technology should be directed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Model for a biexciton in a lateral quantum dot based on exact solutions for the Hookean H2 molecule. I. Theoretical aspects
Authors: Ludeña E. V. , Echevarría L. , Ugalde J. M. , Lopez X. , Corella‐Madueño A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe present here a model for the non‐Born‐Oppenheimer description of the biexcitonic complex X2(eehh) trapped in laterally‐coupled quantum dot system. We define a zeroth‐order Hamiltonian which allows us, under certain conditions on the masses and coupling constants, to decouple the problem. We show that the zeroth‐order wavefunctions and energies can be described using the exact solutions for the Hookean model for the H2 molecule [Ludeña et al., J Chem Phys 2005, 123, 024102]. We also apply this Hookean model to the description of the excitonic complexes X(ehh), X−(eeh), and to the single exciton X(eh) and analyze the dependence of the total non‐Born‐Oppenheimer zeroth‐order energies, and binding energies for these sytems with the mass ratio σ. The general features of the results obtained using this Hookean model agree quite well with those of more elaborate calculations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Negative ions and their behavior in collisions
Authors: De Castro Faria N. V. , Sant'Anna M. M. , Carvalho C. , Jalbert Ginette , Coelho L.F. S. , Magnani B. F. , Zappa F. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe present a review of electron detachment cross sections of atomic, molecular, and cluster anionic projectiles colliding with atoms and molecules, the main focus being on reporting systematic experimental studies. These studies use an experimental method developed at our laboratory, which uses the gas cell of standard tandem accelerators as a collision target. The experimental data show that the velocity dependence of electron detachment cross sections can be described modeling negative ions as a quasi‐free electron bound to a neutral core. Using this model, a velocity‐independent contribution to cross sections is associated with the neutral projectile core, while a velocity‐dependent curve is associated to the projectile quasi‐free electron. This latter curve is the convolution of experimental free‐electron cross sections, for the same target, with the momentum distribution of the quasi‐free projectile electron. This model is useful to obtain cross section estimates, as exemplified by its application in several collision systems relevant for inertial fusion and plasma diagnostics. It is also a powerful tool for verifying the accuracy of anion structure calculations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
The Kernel energy method: Application to graphene and extended aromatics
Authors: Huang Lulu , Bohorquez Hugo J. , Matta Chérif F. , Massa Lou 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe quantum chemistry of finite aperiodic graphene flakes is a matter of considerable interest because of the anticipated technological importance of such objects. Since real aperiodic graphene flakes will in general be composed of many thousands of carbon atoms, theoretical methods appropriate to such large molecules would need to be used for the ab initio quantum calculation of their properties. The Kernel energy method is discussed here, and it is shown to be accurately applicable to graphenes and analogous extended aromatic molecules. It is necessary to define the kernels of a graphene molecule in a new way because of the extensive aromaticity, which defines its electronic structure. The kernels used in the reconstruction of the full graphene sheet preserve the total number of π‐electrons, Clar sextets, and the approximate overall aromaticity. Sivaramakrishnan et al. [J Phys Chem A, 2005, 109, 1621] define similar “ring conserved isodesmic reactions (RCIR).” The principal innovation of this article is the suggestion that kernels may be mathematically extracted from an extended aromatic molecule such as graphene by a fissioning of aromatic bonds. Hartree Fock (HF) and Møller‐Plesset (MP2) chemical models using a Gaussian basis of 3‐21G orbitals are used to calculate the total energy of a graphene flake. This demonstration calculation is performed on a graphene flake in which dangling bonds are saturated with hydrogens (C78H26) composed of a total of 104 atoms arranged in 27 benzenoid rings. The KEM with both types of chemical model are shown to be accurate to nearly 1 kcal/mol, of a total energy, which is nearly 3000 atomic units, that is, with an absolute error within “chemical accuracy” and a relative error of the order of 5 × 105% of the total energy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Robotic resection of duodenal adenoma
Authors: Marzano Ettore , Ntourakis Dimitrios , Addeo Pietro , Oussoultzoglou Elie , Jaeck Daniel , Pessaux Patrick 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundDuodenal sporadic adenomatous polyps are rare findings during upper endoscopy. Resection is indicated due to their malignant potential.MethodsA 55 year‐old male patient was diagnosed with a 3 cm duodenal adenomatous polyp with low‐grade dysplasia, which could not be safely resected by endoscopy. A transduodenal submucosal robotic‐assisted polypectomy was performed.ResultsThe operative time was 4.5 h, with an estimated blood loss of 200 ml. The patient had a normal bowel transit on postoperative day 3 and he was discharged on postoperative day 7. Three months follow‐up was uneventful. The final histological finding revealed a completely resected duodenal adenomatous polyp without signs of malignancy.ConclusionRobotic‐assisted resection of duodenal polyps is a feasible technique that may be indicated for the local excision of duodenal lesions that cannot be endoscopically resected. Compared to the open and laparoscopic approach, it offers many technical advantages. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian cluster ensembles
Authors: Wang Hongjun , Shan Hanhuai , Banerjee Arindam 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCluster ensembles provide a framework for combining multiple base clusterings of a dataset to generate a stable and robust consensus clustering. There are important variants of the basic cluster ensemble problem, notably including cluster ensembles with missing values, row‐ or column‐distributed cluster ensembles. Existing cluster ensemble algorithms are applicable only to a small subset of these variants. In this paper, we propose Bayesian cluster ensemble (BCE), which is a mixed‐membership model for learning cluster ensembles, and is applicable to all the primary variants of the problem. We propose a variational approximation based algorithm for learning Bayesian cluster ensembles. BCE is further generalized to deal with the case where the features of original data points are available, referred to as generalized BCE (GBCE). We compare BCE extensively with several other cluster ensemble algorithms, and demonstrate that BCE is not only versatile in terms of its applicability but also outperforms other algorithms in terms of stability and accuracy. Moreover, GBCE can have higher accuracy than BCE, especially with only a small number of available base clusterings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 54–70 2011
Improving the performance of the iterative signature algorithm for the identification of relevant patterns
Authors: Freitas A. , Afreixo V. , Pinheiro M. , Oliveira J. L. , Moura G. , Santos M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe iterative signature algorithm (ISA) has become very attractive to detect co‐regulated genes from microarray data matrices and can be a useful tool for the identification of similar patterns in many other kinds of numerical data matrices. Nevertheless, its algorithmic strategy exhibits some limitations since it is based on statistical behavior of the average and considers averages weighted by scores not necessarily positive. Hence, we propose to take the median instead of the average and to use absolutes scores in ISA's structure. Furthermore, a generalized function is also introduced in the algorithm in order to improve its algorithmic strategy for detecting high value or low value biclusters. The effects of these simple modifications on the performance of the biclustering algorithm are evaluated through an experimental comparative study involving synthetic data sets and real data from the organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The experimental results show that the proposed variations of ISA outperform the original version in many situations. Absolute scores in ISA are shown to be essential for the correct interpretation of the biclusters found by the algorithm. The median instead of the average turns the biclustering algorithm more resilient to outliers in the data sets. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 71–83 2011
Clustering large data sets described with discrete distributions and its application on TIMSS data set
Authors: Korenjak‐Černe Simona , Batagelj Vladimir , Japelj Pavešić Barbara 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSymbolic data analysis is based on special descriptions of data—symbolic objects. Such descriptions preserve more detailed information about the data than the standard representations with mean values. A special kind of symbolic object is also representation with distributions. In the clustering process this representation enables us to consider the variables of all types at the same time.We present two clustering methods based on the data descriptions with discrete distributions: the adapted leaders method and the adapted agglomerative hierarchical clustering Ward's method. Both methods are compatible—they can be viewed as two approaches for solving the same clustering optimization problem. In the obtained clustering, the leader is assigned to each cluster. The descriptions of the leaders offer simple interpretation of the clusters' characteristics. The leaders method enables us to efficiently solve clustering problems with a large number of units; while the agglomerative method is applied on the obtained leaders and enables us to decide upon the right number of clusters on the basis of the corresponding dendrogram.Both methods were successfully applied in analyses of different data sets. In this paper, an application on the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) data set is presented. The descriptions with distributions enable us to combine two data sets: answers of teachers and answers of their students, into one data set. The descriptions of the obtained clusters enable us to interpret the results in a more understandable way. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 199–215, 2011