bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological distress and collision involvement among adult drivers
Authors: Mann Robert E. , Asbridge Mark , Stoduto Gina , Smart Reginald G. , Goldbloom David S. , Vingilis Evelyn R. , Wickens Christine M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe current study examines the impact of psychological distress on the likelihood of reporting collision involvement in the preceding year. Two measures of psychological distress were obtained from the 12‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12): depression–anxiety and social functioning.Data are based on the 2002–2004 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Monitor (36 months), a repeated cross‐sectional telephone survey of Ontario adults aged 18 and older (n = 4935). Logistic regression analyses were performed on collision involvement within the past 12 months with the measures of depression–anxiety, social functioning and demographic factors as independent variables.The analyses revealed that the odds of involvement in a collision in the last 12 months were significantly related to the demographic factors of age, location of residence, income, educational level and marital status. After controlling for demographic factors, the odds of collision involvement increased significantly as the depression–anxiety score increased (odds ratio = 1.05 for each unit increase).These results suggest that higher levels of psychological distress, as indicated by scores on the depression–anxiety scale of the GHQ‐12, are associated with higher likelihood of collision involvement in the previous year. Research to understand the link observed here between distress and collision risk in the general population is needed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Entwicklung der orthotropen Fahrbahnplatte in Deutschland
Authors: Fiedler Erich 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEs wird die Entwicklung der orthotropen Platte von den ersten von Schaechterle und Leonhardt gestalteten Konstruktionen bis hin zu den konstruktiv und technologisch ausgereiften stählernen Fahrbahntafeln bei den neuesten stählernen Straßenbrücken der letzten Jahre beschrieben. Dabei werden insbesondere die im Entwicklungszeitraum angewendeten unterschiedlichen Rippenformen mit ihren Kreuzungspunkten an den Querträgern und die Ausführung der Montagestöße detailliert beschrieben. Technische Parameter der orthotropen Platte ausgeführter Stahlbrücken werden für torsionsweiche und torsionssteife Rippenformen tabellarisch getrennt erfasst. Schäden infolge Verkehrsbelastung und Fehler bei der Herstellung von orthotropen Platten werden erwähnt.The development of the orthotropic roadway‐plate in Germany.The development of the orthotropic plate beginning with the first of Schaechterle and Leonhardt created constructions till to the constructive and technological ingenious steel‐plates of the ultimate years is described. Especially the different types of ribs while the period of development inclusive the crosspoints at the crossbeams and their erection connections are special described. Technical parameter of the orthotropic plates of executed steel‐bridges are for ribs with and without torsional constant tabulated registered. Defects by traffic and faults by erection of the orthotropic plates are mentioned.
Inverse agonist histamine H3 receptor PET tracers labelled with carbon‐11 or fluorine‐18
Authors: Hamill Terence G. , Sato Nagaaki , Jitsuoka Makoto , Tokita Shigeru , Sanabria Sandra , Eng Waisi , Ryan Christine , Krause Stephen , Takenaga Norihiro , Patel Shil , Zeng Zhizhen , Williams David , Sur Cyrille , Hargreaves Richard , Burns H. Donald 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTwo histamine H3 receptor (H3R) inverse agonist PET tracers have been synthesized and characterized in preclinical studies. Each tracer has high affinity for the histamine H3 receptor, has suitable lipophilicity, and neither is a substrate for the P‐glycoprotein efflux pump. A common phenolic precursor was used to synthesize each tracer with high specific activity and radiochemical purity by an alkylation reaction using either [11C]MeI or [18F]FCD2Br. Autoradiographic studies in rhesus monkey and human brain slices showed that each tracer had a widespread distribution with high binding densities in frontal cortex, globus pallidus and striatum, and lower uptake in cerebellum. The specificity of this expression pattern was demonstrated by the blockade of the autoradiographic signal by either the H3R agonist R‐α‐methylhistamine or a histamine H3R inverse agonist. In vivo PET imaging studies in rhesus monkey showed rapid uptake of each tracer into the brain with the same distribution seen in the autoradiographic studies. Each tracer could be blocked by pretreatment with a histamine H3R inverse agonist giving a good specific signal. Comparison of the in vitro metabolism of each compound showed slower metabolism in human liver microsomes than in rhesus monkey liver microsomes, with each compound having a similar clearance rate in humans. The in vivo metabolism of 1b in rhesus monkey showed that at 60 min, ∼35% of the circulating counts were due to the parent. These tracers are very promising candidates as clinical PET tracers to both study the histamine H3R system and measure receptor occupancy of H3R therapeutic compounds. Synapse 63:1122–1132, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decreased dendritic spine density of neurons of the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens and enhanced amphetamine sensitivity in postpubertal rats after a neonatal amygdala lesion
Authors: Solis Oscar , Vázquez‐Roque Rubén Antonio , Camacho‐Abrego Israel , Gamboa Citlalli , De La Cruz Fidel , Zamudio Sergio , Flores Gonzalo 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA neonatal basolateral‐amygdala (nBLA) lesion in rats could be a potential animal model to study the early neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with the behavioral and morphological brain changes observed in schizophrenia. Morphological alterations in pyramidal neurons from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) have been observed in postmortem schizophrenic brains, mainly because of decreased dendritic arbor and spine density. We assessed the effects of nBLA‐lesion on the dendritic morphology of neurons from the PFC and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in rats. nBLA lesions were made on postnatal day 7 (PD7), and later, the dendritic morphology was studied by the Golgi‐Cox stain procedure followed by Sholl analysis at PD35 (prepubertal) and PD60 (adult) ages. We also evaluated the effects of the nBLA‐lesion on locomotor activity caused by a novel environment, apomorphine, and amphetamine. Adult animals with nBLA lesions showed a decreased spine density in pyramidal neurons from the PFC and in medium spiny cells from the NAcc. An increased locomotion in a novel environment and in amphetamine‐treated adult animals with an nBLA‐lesion was observed. Our results indicate that nBLA‐lesion alters the neuronal dendrite morphology of the NAcc and PFC, suggesting a disconnection between these limbic structures. The locomotion paradigms support the idea that dopaminergic transmission is altered in the nBLA lesion model. This could help to understand the consequences of an earlier amygdala dysfunction in schizophrenia. Synapse 63:1143–1153, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trusted cognitive radio networking
Authors: Chen Kwang‐Cheng , Chen Peng‐Yu , Prasad Neeli , Liang Ying‐Chang , Sun Sumei 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNetworking cognitive radios and nodes from primary system (PS) results in a heterogeneous coexisting multi‐radio wireless network, so that significant network throughput gain can be achieved. However, by investigating cognitive radio network (CRN) architecture, the links in CRNs are unlikely to support complete security check due to link dynamics, opportunistic availability, and uni‐directional in available time window. We therefore introduce trusted cognitive radio networking (TCRN) concept to facilitate network functions such as association in dynamic spectrum access and routing. First of all, we explore the mathematical framework for trust in CRNs. We then show successful association of node to CRN based on the mathematical structure of trust from statistical decision theory. Furthermore, we modify the machine‐learning algorithm to update the trust measure for each node, and develop rules of thumbs to facilitate TCRN with learning capability, based on numerical simulations. Trusted CRN can greatly alleviate heterogeneous challenge for CRN operation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of Length of Stay Following Colorectal Resection for Neoplasms in 183 Veterans Affairs Patients
Authors: Leung Anna M. , Gibbons R. L. , Vu Huan N. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing pressure to reduce the length of stay in hospital (LOS) after colorectal surgery. The aim of this study was to identify factors that prolong LOS after colorectal surgery in a population of veterans.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed of all patients undergoing colorectal resection for a neoplasm at a single Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital (2002–2007). Data collected included demographics, co‐morbidities, operative management, postoperative morbidity and mortality, nutritional status, and LOS. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, and multivariate analysis.ResultsA total of 186 patients were identified. Three patients had an LOS of more than 100 days and were omitted from the analysis. The median LOS was 8 days. Multivariate analysis showed only two variables: coronary artery disease (CAD) and postoperative complications were predictive of prolonged LOS. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was the only preoperative morbidity predictive of complications.ConclusionsThe aim of this study was to identify factors that prolong LOS after colorectal surgery in a VA population. We found that CAD and postoperative complications were the only variables predictive of prolonged LOS after colorectal resection, and COPD was the only factor predictive of postoperative complications.
Predictors of Primary Breast Abscesses and Recurrence
Authors: Bharat Ankit , Gao Feng , Aft Rebecca L. , Gillanders William E. , Eberlein Timothy J. , Margenthaler Julie A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the patients and microbiological risk factors that predispose to the development of primary breast abscesses and subsequent recurrence.MethodsPatients with a primary breast abscess requiring surgical therapy between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2006 were reviewed. Recurrent breast abscess was defined by the need for repeated drainage within 6 months. Patient characteristics were compared to the general population and between groups.ResultsA total of 89 patients with a primary breast abscess were identified; 12 (14%) were lactational and 77 (86%) were nonlactational. None of the lactational abscesses recurred, whereas 43 (57%) of the nonlactational abscesses did so (P < 0.01). Compared to the general population, patients with a primary breast abscess were predominantly African American (64% vs. 12%), had higher rates of obesity (body mass index > 30: 43% vs. 22%), and were tobacco smokers (45% vs, 23%) (P < 0.01 for all). The only factor significantly associated with recurrence in the multivariate logistic regression analysis was tobacco smoking (P = 0.003). Compared to patients who did not have a recurrence, patients with recurrent breast abscesses had a higher incidence of mixed bacteria (20.5% vs. 8.9%), anaerobes (4.5% vs. 0%), and Proteus (9.1% vs. 4.4%) but lower incidence of Staphylococcus (4.6% vs. 24.4%) (P < 0.05 for each).ConclusionsRisk factors for developing a primary breast abscess include African American race, obesity, and tobacco smoking. Patients with recurrent breast abscesses are more likely to be smokers and have mixed bacterial and anaerobic infections. Broader antibiotic coverage should be considered for the higher risk groups.
Inhibition of the PI3K Pathway Suppresses Hormonal Secretion and Limits Growth in Pheochromocytoma Cells
Authors: Adler Joel T. , Hottinger Daniel G. , Kunnimalaiyaan Muthusamy , Chen Herbert 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundOperative resection is the only curative treatment for pheochromocytomas. Inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K)‐Akt pathway has been shown to be an effective treatment of neuroendocrine (NE) tumors in vitro. We hypothesized that inhibition of the PI3K‐Akt pathway would be a viable strategy to inhibit growth and hormonal secretion in pheochromocytoma cells.MethodsSixteen pheochromocytomas were analyzed for expression of phosphorylated Akt and the NE marker achaete scute complex‐like 1 (ASCL1). Pheochromocytoma PC‐12 cells were treated with up to 100 μM of the PI3K‐specific inhibitor LY294002 for 48 h. Western blot analysis was used to measure phosphorylated Akt, total Akt, ASCL1, chromogranin A (CgA), and markers of apoptosis. Growth was assessed by a methylthiazolyldiphenyl‐tetrazolium (MTT) bromide cellular proliferation assay for six days.ResultsHuman pheochromocytomas expressed significant amounts of phosphorylated Akt, and there was a significant correlation between malignant pheochromocytomas and the amount of expressed ASCL1. LY294002 significantly inhibited the PI3K‐Akt pathway. Treatment led to a dose‐dependent decrease in both ASCL1 and CgA, indicating an alteration in the NE phenotype and hormonal suppression. Treatment decreased cellular proliferation, and cleavage of the apoptotic markers caspase‐3 and PARP was observed.ConclusionsHuman pheochromocytoma tumor samples express high levels of phosphorylated Akt. LY294002 effectively inhibits the PI3K‐Akt pathway, suppresses NE tumor markers, and decreases cellular proliferation via apoptosis in vitro. Inhibition of the PI3K pathway may represent a new strategy in the treatment of pheochromocytomas.
Endoscopic diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct
Authors: Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Sakai Yuji , Sugiyama Harutoshi , Miyakawa Kaoru , Ishihara Takeshi , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Miyazaki Masaru , Yokosuka Osamu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground/PurposeIntraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct (IPMN‐B) is considered an uncommon tumor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of endoscopic cholangiography (ERC) with subsequent peroral cholangioscopy (POCS) and/or intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) for this tumor.MethodsFrom December 1991 to November 2006, a retrospective analysis was made of eight patients with IPMN‐B. Their clinical features and the endoscopic diagnostic strategy for POCS and IDUS were reviewed.ResultsIn all the patients, ERC failed to show papillary tumors, due to coexisting mucin or biliary sludge. POCS was carried out after ERC and it showed the presence and locations of papillary tumors in all patients, except for one with a tumor in the peripheral intrahepatic bile duct (B3). IDUS was performed in seven of the eight patients; in five of these patients, intraductal protruding tumors were clearly visualized, whereas flat tumors were not identified in the remaining two patients. In one of the eight patients, endoscopic nasobiliary drainage did not remove the huge amount of mucin. Hence, this patient required subsequent percutaneous biliary drainage. Six of the eight patients underwent surgical treatment; five patients underwent a hepatic resection with or without extrahepatic bile duct resection and one underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy. Five of the six operated patients are still alive; one patient died of gastric cancer 90 months after the operation (mean follow‐up period, 45.3 months). The two remaining patients, who were considered inoperable due to major medical comorbidities, died of liver failure and cholangitis 3 and 6 months, respectively, after stent placement.ConclusionERC failed to delineate intraductal papillary tumors, due to coexisting mucin. The presence and location of papillary tumors were correctly diagnosed by both POCS and IDUS, but POCS may be better than IDUS to diagnose the extent of the tumor.
The Burial of A Princess? The Later Seventh-Century Cemetery At Westfield Farm, Ely
Authors: Lucy Sam , Newman Richard , Dodwell Natasha , Hills Catherine , Dekker Michiel , O’Connell Tamsin , Riddler Ian , Walton Rogers Penelope 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper reports on the excavation of a small, but high-status, later seventh-century Anglo-Saxon cemetery in Ely. Of fifteen graves, two were particularly well furnished, one of which was buried with a gold and silver necklace that included a cross pendant, as well as two complete glass palm cups and a composite comb, placed within a wooden padlocked casket. The paper reports on the skeletal and artefactual material (including isotopic analysis of the burials), and seeks to set the site in its wider social and historical context, arguing that this cemetery may well have been associated with the first monastery in Ely, founded by Etheldreda inad673.
Particle size and fraction of wheat bran influence short-chain fatty acid productionin vitro
Authors: Stewart Maria L. , Slavin Joanne L. 
Published: August 2009

Whole grains are associated with decreased risk of chronic disease and decreased risk of obesity. Several mechanisms may be involved including SCFA production via fibre fermentation in the colon. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of wheat bran particle size (large/coarsev.small/fine) and wheat bran fraction (whole branv.aleuronev.aleurone by-product) in SCFA production using a batchin vitrofermentation system with human faecal inoculum. Five samples were compared: large-particle bran, small-particle bran, aleurone, coarse by-product, fine by-product. Fine by-product produced the greatest SCFA concentrations. By-product (both coarse and fine) produced greater SCFA concentrations than bran (both large and small particle sizes). Aleurone produced SCFA concentrations similar to small-particle bran. The molar percentage of butyrate at 24 h was significantly greater for large-particle bran than the other samples. Small/fine particle size and by-product fraction of bran increased SCFA production compared with large/coarse particle size, and aleurone and whole bran. Bran characteristics and composition should be considered when manufacturing foods due to the diversity of physiological effects.
Adaptation of colonic fermentation and glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion with increased wheat fibre intake for 1 year in hyperinsulinaemic human subjects
Authors: Freeland Kristin R. , Wilson Charlotte , Wolever Thomas M. S. 
Published: August 2009

High cereal fibre intake is associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes, but wheat fibre had little or no effect on glycaemic control or oral glucose tolerance in clinical trials lasting 4–12 weeks. To explain this discrepancy, we hypothesised that colonic adaptation to increased wheat fibre intake takes many months but eventually results in increased SCFA production and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. Thus, the primary objective was to determine the time-course of the effects of increased wheat fibre intake on plasma acetate, butyrate and GLP-1 concentrations in hyperinsulinaemic human subjects over 1 year. Subjects with fasting plasma insulin ≥ 40 pmol/l were randomly assigned by computer to receive either a high-wheat fibre cereal (fibre group; 24 g fibre/d; twenty assigned; six dropped out, fourteen included) or a low-fibre cereal (control group; twenty assigned; six dropped-out, fourteen included) daily for 1 year. Acetate, butyrate and GLP-1 were measured during 8 h metabolic profiles performed every 3 months. There were no differences in body weight in the fibre group compared with the control group. After 9 months baseline-adjusted mean 8 h acetate and butyrate concentrations were higher on the high-fibre than the control cereal (P < 0·05). After 12 months on the high-fibre cereal, baseline-adjusted mean plasma GLP-1 was 1·3 (95 % CI 0·4, 2·2) pmol/l (P < 0·05) higher than at baseline (about 25 % increase) and 1·4 (95 % CI 0·1, 2·7) pmol/l (P < 0·05) higher than after 12 months on control. It is concluded that wheat fibre increased SCFA production and GLP-1 secretion in hyperinsulinaemic humans, but these effects took 9–12 months to develop. Since GLP-1 may increase insulin sensitivity and secretion, these results may provide a mechanism for the epidemiological association between high cereal fibre intake and reduced risk for diabetes.
Prolonged refeeding improves weight maintenance after weight loss with very-low-energy diets
Authors: Gripeteg Lena , Torgerson Jarl , Karlsson Jan , Lindroos Anna Karin 
Published: August 2009

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that a prolonged refeeding duration after successful very-low-energy diet (VLED)-induced weight loss beneficially affects weight development and eating behaviour. Patients (n 269) were recruited to a 1-year obesity treatment programme with 12 weeks of an initial VLED. After the VLED, patients with ≥ 10 % weight loss were randomly allocated to 1 week (group 1) or 6 weeks (group 6) refeeding to an ordinary, energy-reduced diet, and thereafter followed and actively treated for an additional 40 weeks. Eating behaviour (revised twenty-one-item Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire) was measured at baseline, during and after refeeding, and at week 52. Weight change over time in the two treatment groups was tested by repeated-measures analysis in completers and by intention to treat (ITT). Of the patients, 169 (109 women) lost ≥ 10 % during the VLED and were randomised. At randomisation, weight loss was − 16·5 (sd 3·7) % in group 1 and − 16·7 (sd 4·3) % in group 6 (P = 0·73). Between weeks 12 and 52, completers in group 6 regained significantly less weight (3·9 (sd 9·1) %) as compared with group 1 (8·2 (sd 8·3) %; P = 0·006) (ITT, P = 0·05). Completers in group 6 also maintained a higher level of dietary restraint after refeeding was completed, but eating behaviour did not differ at week 52. Weight change after the refeeding periods were completed did not differ significantly between the groups (P = 0·06). Overall, longer refeeding duration after successful weight loss with a VLED improves weight maintenance in a 1-year perspective.
Dose-dependent increases in heart rate variability and arterial compliance in overweight and obese adults with DHA-rich fish oil supplementation
Authors: Sjoberg Nicholas J. , Milte Catherine M. , Buckley Jonathan D. , Howe Peter R. C. , Coates Alison M. , Saint David A. 
Published: August 2009

Heart rate (HR) variability and large arterial compliance can be improved using fish oils. DHA, a component of fish oil, has cardiovascular health benefits, but its effect on HR variability (HRV) and arterial compliance is yet to be quantified. Sixty-seven overweight or obese adults (thirty-six males and thirty-one females; 53 (sem 2) year; BMI 31·7 (sem 1·1) kg/m2) were randomly allocated to consume either 6 g/d sunola oil (control; n 17), fish oil (260 mg DHA+60 mg EPA per g) at doses of 2 g/d (n 16), 4 g/d (n 17) or 6 g/d (n 17). Blood pressure, HR and compliance of large and small arteries were measured while supine at baseline and after 12 weeks in all participants, and HRV was assessed in a subgroup of forty-six participants. There was no effect of fish oil on blood pressure, small artery compliance or HR. However, the low frequency:high frequency ratio of HRV decreased with increasing doses of fish oil (r − 0·34, P = 0·02), while large artery compliance increased (r 0·34, P = 0·006). Moreover, the changes in these biomarkers were significantly correlated (r − 0·31, P = 0·04) and may reflect fish oil-induced improvements in arterial function and cardiac autonomic regulation.