bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S12-02 - The Effects of Methylphenidate Treatment on Latent Inhibition in Adults with ADHD
Authors: Manor I. , Kaplan O. , Tadmor Y. , Lubow R. 
Published: June 2010

Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder, estimated as afflicting 4-6% of the adult population. Latent Inhibition (LI) is a robust phenomenon that is demonstrated when a previously inconsequential stimulus is less effective in a new learning situation than a novel stimulus. Attentional theories of LI state that unattended stimulus preexposures reduce stimulus salience and subsequent associability. A relationship between LI and the dopaminergic system is suggested since dopamine-agonists weaken the LI effect, and dopamine antagonists strengthen it. The effects of medication for ADHD on LI are of interest, since dopamine agonists should weaken LI, but the improvement in attention should potentiate it. To date, only two studies, both with children, have examined the relationship between ADHD and LI.In the present study, we will compare the LI effect in 100 adults with ADHD, with and without medication, as well as compare them to a matched healthy control group. In addition, all the participants will be administered the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, State & Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, the Baron-Cohen Autistic Questionnaire, and the Similarities sub-test from WAIS-R. The LI procedure will be administered to both groups twice with two equivalent versions of the procedure (order counterbalanced). The ADHD patients will take part in the first version of the procedure without medication and in the second version 1.5 hours after taking the medication; the controls will have the same time interval between versions, but without the medication administration. Results will be presented at the meeting.
S13-03 - EPA forensic Psychiatry Section Symposium: Evaluation of Outcomes in Violent and Sexual Offender Populations
Authors: Vollm B. , Durbeej N. , Endrass J. , Sheldon K. 
Published: June 2010

The topic of this symposium is the evaluation of outcomes in individuals presenting with violent or sexual offending in a range of different settings. Violent offenders are of particular concern to psychiatrists who may face pressure from society to detain such individuals. At the same time evidence for the efficacy of any interventions to improve outcome and reduce re-offending remains limited. In recent years new initiatives (e.g. the programme for Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorders (DSPD) in the UK) have been developed to understand better what works for violent offenders, including those with personality disorders. Research in this area is complex not least as randomised controlled trials might not be seen as practical or ethical.This symposium comprises speakers from three different countries, Sweden, Switzerland and UK. The Swedish contribution will present data from a naturalistic study comparing offenders with mental disorder and substance misuse who engage in community treatment following release to those who don’t. Researchers from Switzerland will introduce the “therapy evaluation project” of the Zurich Criminal Justice System and show data on recidivism (both convicted and non-convicted). Presenters from the UK are from one of the high secure DSPD sites and will present different methodologies, including single case studies, to evaluate the efficacy of this service and its different therapies. The implications of these findings for future research and service delivery will be discussed.
S02-03 - Internet Addiction and Comorbidities
Authors: Poppe H. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesSeveral studies show, that there exist different diagnosed psychological concomitant diseases with internet addiction. In order to point out the different kinds and frequentness of comorbidities with Internet addiction the Anton Proksch Institut Vienna and the University Mainz - Ambulanz für Spielsucht started a combined, compareable research project, which should show the similarities and differences of comorbidities of the interned addicted patients of both institutions.MethodsIn order to become comparable results of both Institutes, the same inquiry methods were used. For the diagnostic of Internet addiction the Scale for the Assessment of Computergame-Addiction (ACA-S), developed by the university medical center of Mainz, is used. In order to be able to cover a broad spectrum on possibly arising concomitant diseases, standardised surveytools are used from different, relevant areas of application. Therefore the Adult Attachement Scale (AAS), the Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale (CDS-9), the d2 (Test of attention), the subscale “Social Insecurity” of EDI-2 (Eating Disorder Inventory-2), the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), the NEO Five Factors Inventory (NEO-FFI), the Symptom Checklist 90R (SCL 90-R), the Sensation Seeking Scale V (SSS-V) and the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-k) were used.ResultsFirst current results of the investigation of comorbidities with internet addiction show a frequent arise of social anxiety, depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which are in both samples remarkably.ConclusionsThe study illustrates, that the patients, which suffer from internet addiction disorder, often show comorbidities, which should be considered in the therapeutic work with Internet-addicted patients.
S07-04 - Safety/risk of Psychiatric Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. Adrienne Einarson, the Motherisk Program
Authors: Einarson A. 
Published: June 2010

Psychiatric disorders are relatively common among women of childbearing age, who may become pregnant while they are taking psychotropic drugs. There remains a high level of anxiety regarding their safety among women and healthcare providers alike, most likely because of the conflicting studies that have been published in the literature and warnings from government organizations. In addition, most recently in the case of paroxetine, a successful lawsuit against the manufacturer, holding them responsible for a baby born with a heart defect, following use of the drug by the mother in the first trimester of pregnancy. Consequently, treating a psychiatric disorder during pregnancy with pharmacotherapy, is a complex decision making process, which has to be made between the pregnant woman and her health care provider following careful evaluation of the evidence-based information.The objective of this presentation is two-fold,1)to discuss models used for studying the use of drugs in pregnancy and2)to provide current information on the safety/risk of psychotropic drugs used in pregnancy.The body of evidence in the literature to date suggests that psychotropic drugs as a group are relatively safe to take during pregnancy and women and their health care providers should not be unduly concerned if a women requires treatment. Optimal control of the psychiatric disorder should be maintained during pregnancy, the post partum period and thereafter. All pregnancies where a mother has a serious psychiatric disorder should be considered high risk and the mother and fetus, carefully monitored.
S35-01 - Clinical Influencing Factors of Acute Treatment Outcome in First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Schennach-Wolff R. , Seemüller F. , Mayr A. , Maier W. , Buchkremer G. , Heuser I. , Klosterkötter J. , Gastpar M. , Häfner H. , Sauer H. , Schneider F. , Gaebel W. , Moeller H.-J. , Riedel M. ,   German Research Network on Schizophrenia
Published: June 2010

BackgroundAim was to evaluate influencing factors of response and symptomatic remission in first-episode schizophrenia patients treated with risperidone or haloperidol.Methods229 first-episode schizophrenic patients were examined within a double blind controlled trial of the German Study Group on first-episode schizophrenia with biweekly PANSS ratings. Response was defined according to the definition by Lieberman et al. (2003) and symptomatic remission as the severity component of the consensus remission criteria by the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group. Sociodemographic, psychopathological and functional variables as well as the treatment applied were evaluated regarding their potential predictive validity for treatment outcome. Univariate tests, logistic regression and CART-analyses were consulted as statistical methods.Results126 patients (55%) achieved response and 118 patients (52%) symptomatic remission at discharge with no significant differences between the risperidone (51%) and haloperidol (49%) treated patients. Better baseline functioning, early treatment response, less depressive symptoms and a shorter duration of untreated psychosis were revealed significant predictors of response. Patients with symptomatic remission also had a significantly shorter duration of untreated psychosis and significantly less depressive symptoms at baseline. Logistic regression and CART-analyses revealed low general psychopathology, early treatment response and a high score in the Strauss-Carpenter-Prognostic-Scale at admission to be significantly positive predictive for symptomatic resolution.ConclusionEarly treatment response, depressive symptoms and the level of psychosocial functioning were revealed to significantly predict outcome, with no significant differences between risperidone and haloperidol. The importance of an early adequate symptom control and the implementation of early intervention programs is highlighted.
S38-02 - Recreational MDMA ‘Ecstasy’: Psychiatric Aspects and the Diathesis Stress Model
Authors: Parrott A. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionMDMA/Ecstasy is associated with a range of psychiatric disorders. There is debate over this is caused by drug usage, or reflect pre-existing premorbid characteristics.Aims and objectivesTo examine how the diathesis-stress model can explain the patterns of psychiatric distress observed in recreational Ecstasy/MDMA users.MethodsThe empirical literature on psychiatric problems in MDMA users will be reviewed.ResultsNumerous empirical stuides have found significantly raised psychiatric profiles in recreational Ecstasy/MDMA users (Parrott et al, 2000, 2001; Rosier et al, 2005; Schifano, 2000). Some authors have noted that the problems emerge following drug usage (Alati et al, 2007), whereas others have found adverse psychiatric profiles prior to drug initiation (Lieb et al, 2002). A third group of studies have employed the more interactive ‘diathesis-stress’ model, where prior sensitivities are exacerbated by the biological stress of regular drug usage. MacInnes et al (2001) presented a vulnerability model of depression, where individuals with prior vulnerability factors, were more susceptible to adverse drug reactions. The HPA axis is important for health and homeostasis, and stimulant drugs such as MDMA can disrupt its biological integrity. In dance clubbers, MDMA induces an 800% release in the stress hormone cortisol (Parrott et al, 2008), and this may be particularly disruptive for endogenously susceptible individuals.ConclusionsStimulant drugs such as MDMA are powerful metabolic stressors which disrupt the HPA axis and other neurobiological systems. Individuals with prior susceptibility factors may be more susceptible to the psychobiological stress of regular stimulant drug usage.
S36-01 - Mood Disorders: Specific Challenges for Responsibility
Authors: Allilaire J.-F. 
Published: June 2010

Mood disorders can be considered as a pathology of Freedom in human being.Manic patients feel under-responsible and depressives feel hyper-responsible. Both require from psychotherapist care for risk of suicide and innapropriate behaviour, but also empathy, support, and help from responsible others, relations and doctors. This responsibility is moral, juridic and penal.We will discuss what Ethic for responsibility can be the right one for clinicians and therapists. We will also discuss which symptom or clinical features are the most hindering for responsibility in depressives. We will conclude that ethical basis is fundamental for right management in therapy.
S17-01 - Quality of Life and Psychiatric Consultation in Elderly
Authors: Icelli I. 
Published: June 2010

Aging is a process that affects bio-psycho-social functioning. When people reach upper age groups, the definition of normal and abnormal aging are confounded by the presence of multiple diseases, injuries and losses. As the people leave longer, physical, psychological and social losses may affect the quality of life. In geriatric population, one indicator of quality of life is the ability to perform required activities of daily living. The absence of that feature create negative efects on the psychology of the elderly.In the consultation process, the geriatric psychiatrists must know the major events which influence elderly's quality of life in late life. Those events are pharmacology, end of life issues and suicides, and clinical syndromes such as delirium, dementia, depression, anxiety, etc. It can be said that life events are closely connected to quality of life and health.To offer a high quality health and social care to the older patients, we need the knowledge about the conditions, the values and the quality of life of these people which influence their lives.
S17-02 - Quality of Life and Quality of Care: Are they the Two Faces of the Same Coin?
Authors: de Mendonça Lima C.A. 
Published: June 2010

Good health is an important component of a good quality of life. The availability and the easy access to high quality of care contribute to a good mental health. WHO & WPA have defined the criteria to consider as good the quality of care delivered by services for old people with mental disorders. Services should be:-comprehensive and take into account all aspects of the patient's physical, psychological and social needs and wishes;-accessible, user-friendly and readily available, minimizing the geographical, cultural, financial, political and linguistic obstacles to obtaining care;-responsive, that means to be ready to listen to and understand the problems brought to its attention and acts promptly and appropriately;-individualized and should focus on each person with a mental health problem in her/his family and community context;-transdisciplinary and should go beyond traditional professional boundaries to optimize the contributions of people with a range of personal and professional skills.-accountable and should accept the responsibility for assuring the quality of the service it delivers and monitors this in partnership with patients and their families.-systemic and should integrate all available services to ensure continuity of care and coordinates all levels of service providers including local, provincial and national governments and community organizations.The challenge today is to extend these criteria to help the Primary Care team to develop strategies in order to promote mental health, to prevent mental disorders and to make their detection as early as possible.
S17-03 - Quality of Live of Caregivers of Patients With Dementia
Authors: Leszek J. 
Published: June 2010

Alzheimer's disease and related syndromes have heavy social and human consequences for the patient and his family. Beyond the neuropsychiatric effects of specific therapies for dementia, one of today's challenges is the Quality of Life(QOL) for both patients and especially their informal caregivers.Caregivers often find themselves cutt off from friends and regular social activities. Caregivers of persons with dementia experience stressful demands, especially because of the length of time that care is required, the behavioral symptoms of patients, and the severity of decline of patients during the course of the illness.Insufficient attention has been given to how end-of-life care affects caregivers or to caregivers responses to the death of the patient. A study conducted by some authors(eg. Schulz and al.2008) indicated that caregivers needed intervention and support services were needed most often immediately before the patient's death. Caregivers may need help in resuming their own livers after the patient's death. Psychiatrists who are called in as consultants or who have a long-term relationship with the patient or caregiver are uniquely positioned to assist the caregiver with his or her emotional needs that are associated with end-of-life care or the patient's demise.According to literature, the caregiver's QOL is correlated to the QOL of the patient they cared for, the importance of behavioral disorders and the duration of dementia evolution. Assessment of parameters influencing caregiver's QOL and its possible link with patients QOL are very important because of necessary interventions to improve QOL.
S22-03 - Are Psychiatric Hospitals, Forensic Institutions and Penitentiaries in Europe an Interlocked System?
Authors: Salize H.J. , Schanda H. , Dressing H. 
Published: June 2010

Introduction and aimsDespite numerous advantages, the shift from hospital based to community mental health care has caused problems as well. To analyse whether or not the process of de-institutionalisation might have gone too far, studies are needed that cover general psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, and penitentiaries and analyse the interdependencies between them.MethodsWe combined epidemiological and service utilization data from three recent European studies that explored legal frameworks and practices of involuntary treatment in general mental health care, the care of mentally disordered offenders in forensic care and the care of mentally ill inmates in the European prison systems.ResultsTime series from several EU-Member States suggest that civil detention rates remained more or less stable during the 1990s, though on rather different levels internationally. Admissions to forensic psychiatric facilities have increased during the same period. Data on the mental state (or on rates of psychiatric morbidity) in European prison populations are not available - aside from the prison suicide rate. Data from selected countries are likely to suggest that changes to the legal framework in one sector may considerably affect admission rates in others.ConclusionsMuch more national studies are needed to analyse the linkage between sectors and to identify inappropriate patient shifting, as this is strongly affected by the varying national health care and criminal justice systems.
S08-01 - Cochrane Reviews of Pharmacological and Psychological Interventions for Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)
Authors: Vollm B. , Gibbon S. , Khalifa N. , Duggan C. , Stoffers J. , Huband N. , Ferriter M. , Lieb K. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionASPD has a prevalence of 2-3% in the general population but rates in prison have been reported as 50% to 75%. ASPD is associated with significant psychiatric and medical comorbidity, high offending rates, poor psychosocial adaptation and premature death. Outcomes are poor. There is little consensus regarding the most effective intervention for the condition.Aims and objectivesTo conduct systematic literature reviews to identify randomised controlled trials for either pharmacological or psychological interventions for ASPD.MethodsSystematic literature reviews (Cochrane reviews).ResultsFor the review on psychological interventions only 11 studies could be included with a total of 411 participants, but only five reported data separately for the subgroup of ASPD. Nine of the studies looked at participants with substance misuse problems who also suffered from ASPD. Only three types of interventions were effective (contingency management, CBT and a specific programme for those convicted for driving whilst intoxicated). These interventions showed positive results for substance misuse related outcomes but not for any others behaviours or symptoms. For the pharmacological review 10 studies were identified, anticonvulsants were the most commonly used drugs with some evidence of effectiveness on aggression, however, study quality was poor.ConclusionsDespite the considerable personal and societal consequences of ASPD, very little research is carried out with regards to interventions in this patient group and subsequently the evidence base to support any interventions is extremely limited.
S31-04 - Mapping Complex Hallucinations Using FMRI to Guide RTMS Treatment
Authors: Jardri R. , Pins D. , Thomas P. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundHallucinations are extremely distressing erroneous percepts accompanied by a powerful sense of reality. In schizophrenia, hallucinations were functionally explored in the verbal domain even if they may emerge outside the range of auditory. In the present study, we used advanced-Independent Component Analysis for fMRI-data-sets (ICA) to explore complex hallucinations and define potential rTMS targets beyond the conventional temporo-parietal junction.Methods16 adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia and suffering from refractory complex hallucinations were included. They all benefited from a 30-min. rest fMRI examination after which they were accurately interviewed about their psycho-sensory experiences during scanning. Using cortex-based ICA, BOLD signals related to the hallucinatory experience were extracted at the subject level and then submitted to a self-organizing-group ICA procedure to extract clusters at the group-level on the basis of a pure similarity matrix.ResultsThis method highlighted auditory, visual and multisensory hyper-active clusters after decomposition by random-effect sog-ICA (ǀZǀ=2.2; p< 0.01). The increased BOLD-signal measured in association sensory areas during hallucinations was concomitant of the de-engagement of the “resting-state” network in hallucinating subjects.DiscussionData-driven analysis methods for rest-fMRI-data allowed evidencing the neural correlates of complex hallucinations in adolescents with schizophrenia. Despite inter-individual variability, sog-ICA clearly demonstrates that the hallucinatory experience emerges from increased activity within modality-dependent associative sensory cortices and can be fused in cross-modal areas. These brain regions constitute good candidates to guide dimensional treatment of hallucinations like rTMS.
W01-02 - Barriers to Optimal Mental Health Care for Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, and Transgender clients in Europe
Authors: Dennert G. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionOptimal mental health care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) populations requires access to both competent prevention and treatment mental health services.Objectives and aimsThis paper will explore the barriers for LGBT people to accessing adequate and sensitive mental health care in Europe and the potential for the improvement of mental health services.MethodsThis paper will draw from an investigation on access to health care for lesbians in Germany, which triangulated qualitative und quantitative methods to study self-perceived barriers to culturally sensitive and appropriate care. The debate about LGBT mental health in the last few years will be illustrated by examples from several European countries and differences between countries will be highlighted.ResultsLGBT people encounter numerous specific barriers to accessing mental health services, such as the lack of geographically and financially accessible providers who offer culturally sensitive, non-discriminatory care. Providers often lack specific knowledge, appropriate intervention strategies and general psychosocial skills to adequately serve LGBT clients. The findings show that these factors negatively shape the experiences of LGBT clients with the health care system.Several countries have started initiatives to improve the quality of services for LGBT clients and their access to optimal mental health care.ConclusionsStrategies and actions on all levels of the health care system - from public health policy making to the individual provider - are required to address access barriers and to establish equal and universal access for LGBT populations.