bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of respondent-driven sampling in seven studies of people who use drugs from rural populations: findings from the Rural Opioid Initiative
Authors: Rudolph Abby E. , Nance Robin M. , Bobashev Georgiy , Brook Daniel , Akhtar Wajiha , Cook Ryan , Cooper Hannah L. , Friedmann Peter D. , Frost Simon D. W. , Go Vivian F. , Jenkins Wiley D. , Korthuis Philip T. , Miller William C. , Pho Mai T. , Ruderman Stephanie A. , Seal David W. , Stopka Thomas J. , Westergaard Ryan P. , Young April M. , Zule William A. , Tsui Judith I. , Crane Heidi M. , Whitney Bridget M. , Delaney Joseph A. C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Accurate prevalence estimates of drug use and its harms are important to characterize burden and develop interventions to reduce negative health outcomes and disparities. Lack of a sampling frame for marginalized/stigmatized populations, including persons who use drugs (PWUD) in rural settings, makes this challenging. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is frequently used to recruit PWUD. However, the validity of RDS-generated population-level prevalence estimates relies on assumptions that should be evaluated.

Methods
RDS was used to recruit PWUD across seven Rural Opioid Initiative studies between 2018-2020. To evaluate RDS assumptions, we computed recruitment homophily and design effects, generated convergence and bottleneck plots, and tested for recruitment and degree differences. We compared sample proportions with three RDS-adjusted estimators (two variations of RDS-I and RDS-II) for five variables of interest (past 30-day use of heroin, fentanyl, and methamphetamine; past 6-month homelessness; and being positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody) using linear regression with robust confidence intervals. We compared regression estimates for the associations between HCV positive antibody status and (a) heroin use, (b) fentanyl use, and (c) age using RDS-1 and RDS-II probability weights and no weights using logistic and modified Poisson regression and random-effects meta-analyses.

Results
Among 2,842 PWUD, median age was 34 years and 43% were female. Most participants (54%) reported opioids as their drug of choice, however regional differences were present (e.g., methamphetamine range: 4-52%). Many recruitment chains were not long enough to achieve sample equilibrium. Recruitment homophily was present for some variables. Differences with respect to recruitment and degree varied across studies. Prevalence estimates varied only slightly with different RDS weighting approaches, most confidence intervals overlapped. Variations in measures of association varied little based on weighting approach.

Conclusions
RDS was a useful recruitment tool for PWUD in rural settings. However, several violations of key RDS assumptions were observed which slightly impacts estimation of proportion although not associations.
Systematic optimization and evaluation of culture conditions for the construction of circulating tumor cell clusters using breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Zou Jueyao , Chen Qiong , He Yong , Pan Yanhong , Zhao Han , Shi Junfeng , Wei Zhonghong , Yu Suyun , Zhao Yang , Han Xin , Lu Yin , Chen Wenxing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters play a critical role in carcinoma metastasis. However, the rarity of CTC clusters and the limitations of capture techniques have retarded the research progress. In vitro CTC clusters model can help to further understand the biological properties of CTC clusters and their clinical significance. Therefore, it is necessary to establish reliable in vitro methodological models to form CTC clusters whose biological characteristics are very similar to clinical CTC clusters.

Methods
The assays of immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, EdU incorporation, cell adhension and microfluidic chips were used. The experimental metastasis model in mice was used.

Results
We systematically optimized the culture methods to form in vitro CTC clusters model, and more importantly, evaluated it with reference to the biological capabilities of reported clinical CTC clusters. In vitro CTC clusters exhibited a high degree of similarity to the reported pathological characteristics of CTC clusters isolated from patients at different stages of tumor metastasis, including the appearance morphology, size, adhesive and tight junctions-associated proteins, and other indicators of CTC clusters. Furthermore, in vivo experiments also demonstrated that the CTC clusters had an enhanced ability to grow and metastasize compared to single CTC.

Conclusions
The study provides a reliable model to help to obtain comparatively stable and qualified CTC clusters in vitro, propelling the studies on tumor metastasis.
A novel TCGA-validated programmed cell-death-related signature of ovarian cancer
Authors: Cai Xintong , Lin Jie , Liu Li , Zheng Jianfeng , Liu Qinying , Ji Liyan , Sun Yang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a gynecological malignancy tumor with high recurrence and mortality rates. Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential regulator in cancer metabolism, whose functions are still unknown in OC. Therefore, it is vital to determine the prognostic value and therapy response of PCD-related genes in OC.

Methods
By mining The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and Genecards databases, we constructed a prognostic PCD-related genes model and performed Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for its predictive ability. A nomogram was created via Cox regression. We validated our model in train and test sets. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to identify the expression of our model genes. Finally, we analyzed functional analysis, immune infiltration, genomic mutation, tumor mutational burden (TMB) and drug sensitivity of patients in low- and high-risk group based on median scores.

Results
A ten-PCD-related gene signature including protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15 A (PPP1R15A), 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1), HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 1 (HERC1), Caspase-2.(CASP2), Caspase activity and apoptosis inhibitor 1(CAAP1), RB transcriptional corepressor 1(RB1), Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1), CD3-epsilon (CD3E), Clathrin heavy chain like 1(CLTCL1), and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (CEBPB) was constructed. Risk score performed well with good area under curve (AUC) (AUC3 − year =0.728, AUC5 − year = 0.730). The nomogram based on risk score has good performance in predicting the prognosis of OC patients (AUC1 − year =0.781, AUC3 − year =0.759, AUC5 − year = 0.670). Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ERBB) signaling pathway and focal adhesion were enriched in the high-risk group. Meanwhile, patients with high-risk scores had worse OS. In addition, patients with low-risk scores had higher immune-infiltrating cells and enhanced expression of checkpoints, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3), and were more sensitive to A.443,654, GDC.0449, paclitaxel, gefitinib and cisplatin. Finally, qRT-PCR confirmed RB1, CAAP1, ZBP1, CEBPB and CLTCL1 over-expressed, while PPP1R15A, OGG1, CASP2, CD3E and HERC1 under-expressed in OC cell lines.

Conclusion
Our model could precisely predict the prognosis, immune status and drug sensitivity of OC patients.
Deep learning-assisted diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid tumors based on ultrasound: a retrospective study
Authors: Jiang Tian , Chen Chen , Zhou Yahan , Cai Shenzhou , Yan Yuqi , Sui Lin , Lai Min , Song Mei , Zhu Xi , Pan Qianmeng , Wang Hui , Chen Xiayi , Wang Kai , Xiong Jing , Chen Liyu , Xu Dong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
To develop a deep learning(DL) model utilizing ultrasound images, and evaluate its efficacy in distinguishing between benign and malignant parotid tumors (PTs), as well as its practicality in assisting clinicians with accurate diagnosis.

Methods
A total of 2211 ultrasound images of 980 pathologically confirmed PTs (Training set: n = 721; Validation set: n = 82; Internal-test set: n = 89; External-test set: n = 88) from 907 patients were retrospectively included in this study. The optimal model was selected and the diagnostic performance evaluation is conducted by utilizing the area under curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating characteristic(ROC) based on five different DL networks constructed at varying depths. Furthermore, a comparison of different seniority radiologists was made in the presence of the optimal auxiliary diagnosis model. Additionally, the diagnostic confusion matrix of the optimal model was calculated, and an analysis and summary of misjudged cases’ characteristics were conducted.

Results
The Resnet18 demonstrated superior diagnostic performance, with an AUC value of 0.947, accuracy of 88.5%, sensitivity of 78.2%, and specificity of 92.7% in internal-test set, and with an AUC value of 0.925, accuracy of 89.8%, sensitivity of 83.3%, and specificity of 90.6% in external-test set. The PTs were subjectively assessed twice by six radiologists, both with and without the assisted of the model. With the assisted of the model, both junior and senior radiologists demonstrated enhanced diagnostic performance. In the internal-test set, there was an increase in AUC values by 0.062 and 0.082 for junior radiologists respectively, while senior radiologists experienced an improvement of 0.066 and 0.106 in their respective AUC values.

Conclusions
The DL model based on ultrasound images demonstrates exceptional capability in distinguishing between benign and malignant PTs, thereby assisting radiologists of varying expertise levels to achieve heightened diagnostic performance, and serve as a noninvasive imaging adjunct diagnostic method for clinical purposes.
Interrater reliability of the violence risk assessment checklist for youth: a case vignette study
Authors: Laake Anniken L. W. , Roaldset John Olav , Husum Tonje Lossius , Bjørkly Stål Kapstø , Gustavsen Carina Chudiakow , Lockertsen Øyvind 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Facilities providing health- and social services for youth are commonly faced with the need for assessment and management of violent behavior. These providers often experience shortage of resources, compromising the feasibility of conducting comprehensive violence risk assessments. The Violence Risk Assessment Checklist for Youth aged 12–18 (V-RISK-Y) is a 12-item violence risk screening instrument developed to rapidly identify youth at high risk for violent behavior in situations requiring expedient evaluation of violence risk. The V-RISK-Y instrument was piloted in acute psychiatric units for youth, yielding positive results of predictive validity. The aim of the present study was to assess the interrater reliability of V-RISK-Y in child and adolescent psychiatric units and acute child protective services institutions.

Methods
A case vignette study design was utilized to assess interrater reliability of V-RISK-Y. Staff at youth facilities (N = 163) in Norway and Sweden scored V-RISK-Y for three vignettes, and interrater reliability was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
Results indicate good interrater reliability for the sum score and Low-Moderate-High risk level appraisal across staff from the different facilities and professions. For single items, interrater reliability ranged from poor to excellent.

Conclusions
This study is an important step in establishing the psychometric properties of V-RISK-Y. Findings support the structured professional judgment tradition the instrument is based on, with high agreement on the overall risk assessment. This study had a case vignette design, and the next step is to assess the reliability and validity of V-RISK-Y in naturalistic settings.
Young people’s views on the acceptability and feasibility of loneliness interventions for their age group
Authors: Eager Sharon , Johnson Sonia , Pitman Alexandra , Uribe Manuela , Qualter Pamela , Pearce Eiluned 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Loneliness is a frequently reported problem for young people aged 16 to 24 years old. A variety of interventions have been developed (but in most cases not extensively evaluated) to try and tackle loneliness in this age group. These include interpersonal, intrapersonal, and social approaches that vary in their content and mechanisms of action. The current study aimed to qualitatively examine young peoples’ views on the acceptability and feasibility of different loneliness interventions.

Methods
Young people from 16 to 24 years old living in the United Kingdom who self-identified as having experienced loneliness were recruited to participate in this study. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews to assess their views on the acceptability and feasibility of loneliness interventions for their age group. Interviews were analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
Our analysis of 23 individual interview transcripts identified six themes. These related to the appropriate stage for intervention and how different types of strategies may be best suited to particular contexts; the key facilitators and barriers to engaging young people in an intervention; considerations for optimising the delivery of an intervention; divergent views on technology use in strategies to manage loneliness; the scope of an intervention and whether it takes a targeted or general approach; and the idea of combining different options within an intervention to allow tailoring to individual preferences and nature of loneliness.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate the need for continued development of individualised interventions designed to help manage loneliness in this age group. Future loneliness strategies should be co-produced with young people to ensure that they suit the varying needs of this population.
Longitudinal association between the dynamic nature of depression with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH)
Authors: Xie Zonglan , Liu Xuebin , Hu Zhigang , Dong Chuanjiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Depression is associated with an increased risk of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). Whether the dynamic nature of depression affects the incidence of LUTS/BPH remains unknown. A four-year cohort study based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) was conducted to assess their association.

Methods
This study included 3433 Chinese men from the CHARLS 2011, representative of > 95 million individuals. All eligible individuals underwent three assessments of LUTS/BPH and depression in 2011, 2013 and 2015. The dynamic nature of depression was classified as acute depression with remission, acute depression with recurrence, or chronic major depression. Weighted, generalized additive analyses with three binomial models were used to investigate the relationship between LUTS/BPH and the dynamic nature of depression.

Results
During the four-year follow-up, 11.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 9.5-13.3%) of Chinese men were diagnosed with newly incident LUTS/BPH. Meanwhile, there were 60.6% (95% CI = 58.5-62.7%) of the individuals without depression and 8.9% (95% CI = 7.9-10%) of the individuals with chronic major depression. A total of 25.1% (95% CI = 23.4-26.9%) and 5.4% (95% CI = 4.6-6.3%) of the individuals were categorized as acute depression with remission and recurrence. After weighted, adjusted all included confounding risk factors, chronic major depression (RR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.14–2.33, P < 0.01) but not acute depression with remission (RR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.92–1.56, P = 0.18) and recurrence (RR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.82–2.10, P = 0.26) significantly increased the incidence of LUTS/BPH compared with no depression. The subgroup analysis showed that the above relationships appeared to be evident among Chinese men < 60 years.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the dynamic nature of depression has a different effect on the incidence of LUTS/BPH. The monitoring and treatment of depression are important in preventing LUTS/BPH.
In vitro study examines posterior torque impact on 3D mechanics of anterior teeth in clear aligner treatment
Authors: Fan Yongjie , Zhang Xin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
This study utilizes investigate the impact of posterior torques on the three-dimensional force exerted on the lower anterior teeth during the retraction in orthodontic clear aligners treatment.

Methods
Four groups of mandibular dental arch light-cured resin models will be created, including: mandibular posterior teeth with standard torque, mandibular posterior teeth with labial torque, and mandibular posterior teeth with lingual torque. Each group will consist of 12 sets of clear aligners. The aligners will be worn, and measurements will be taken using the six-axis measurement platform to evaluate the three-dimensional force exerted on the lower anterior teeth under various initial torques applied to the mandibular posterior teeth. SPSS 26.0 used for ANOVA analysis, α = 0.05 significance level.

Results
Comparing mandibular posterior teeth with standard torque to those with labial torque, no statistically significant changes were observed in buccolingual force. In the mesiodistal direction, mandibular incisors exhibited a significant decrease in distal force, while canines showed a significant increase. Both findings had a significance level of P < 0.05; Lingual torque on mandibular posterior teeth, compared to standard torque, led to a significant increase in lingual force for incisors and a significant increase in labial force for canines in the buccolingual direction (P < 0.05). Additionally, mandibular incisors exhibited a significant decrease in distal force in the mesiodistal direction (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Varying initial torques on mandibular posterior teeth significantly impact force on lower anterior teeth. Labial torque reduces lingual force on incisors and increases distal force on canines. Lingual torque increases lingual force on incisors and labial force on canines.
Optimal lymph node dissection for gastric cancer: a narrative review
Authors: Nico Raphaël , Veziant Julie , Chau Amélie , Eveno Clarisse , Piessen Guillaume 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe management of gastric cancer has long been debated, particularly the extent of lymph node (LN) dissection required during curative surgery. LN invasion stands out as the most critical prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Historically, Japanese academic societies were the pioneers in defining a classification system for regional gastric LN stations, numbering them from 1 to 16. This classification was later used to differentiate between different types of LN dissection, such as D1, D2 and D3. However, these definitions were often considered too complex to be universally adopted, resulting in wide variations in recommendations from one country to another and making it difficult to compare published studies. In addition, the optimal extent of LN dissection remains uncertain, with initially recommended dissections being extensive but associated with significant morbidity without a clear survival benefit. The aim of this review is to make a case for extending LN dissection based on the existing literature, which includes a comprehensive examination of the current definitions of lymphadenectomy and an analysis of the results of all randomised controlled trials evaluating morbidity, mortality and long-term survival associated with different types of LN dissection. Finally, we provide a summary of the various recommendations issued by organizations such as the Japanese Gastric Research Association, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, the European Society for Medical Oncology, and the French National Thesaurus of Digestive Oncology.
Shared genetic factors and causal association between chronic hepatitis C infection and diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Fu Leihua , Yu Jieni , Chen Zhe , Gao Feidan , Zhang Zhijian , Fu Jiaping , Feng Weiying , Hong Pan , Jin Jing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological research and systematic meta-analyses indicate a higher risk of B-cell lymphomas in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) compared to non-infected individuals. However, the genetic links between HCV and these lymphomas remain under-researched.

Methods
Mendelian randomization analysis was employed to explore the association between chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and B-cell lymphomas as well as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Approximate Bayes Factor (ABF) localization analysis was conducted to find shared genetic variants that might connect CHC with B-cell lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Furthermore, The Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) was utilized to annotate the functional effects of the identified genetic variants.

Results
Mendelian randomization revealed a significant association between CHC and increased diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) risk (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.01–1.78; P = 0.0397). Subsequent colocalization analysis pinpointed two noteworthy variants, rs17208853 (chr6:32408583) and rs482759 (chr6:32227240) between these two traits. The annotation of these variants through the VEP revealed their respective associations with the butyrophilin-like protein 2 (BTNL2) and notch receptor 4 (NOTCH4) genes, along with the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) TSBP1-AS1.

Conclusion
This research provides a refined genetic understanding of the CHC-DLBCL connection, opening avenues for targeted therapeutic research and intervention.
Case study observational research: inflammatory cytokines in the bronchial epithelial lining fluid of COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure
Authors: Sudo Kazuki , Kinoshita Mao , Kawaguchi Ken , Kushimoto Kohsuke , Yoshii Ryogo , Inoue Keita , Yamasaki Masaki , Matsuyama Tasuku , Kooguchi Kunihiko , Takashima Yasuo , Tanaka Masami , Matsumoto Kazumichi , Tashiro Kei , Inaba Tohru , Ohta Bon , Sawa Teiji 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
In this study, the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were measured in the bronchial epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and plasma in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) secondary to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
We comprehensively analyzed the concentrations of 25 cytokines in the ELF and plasma of 27 COVID-19 AHRF patients. ELF was collected using the bronchial microsampling method through an endotracheal tube just after patients were intubated for mechanical ventilation.

Results
Compared with those in healthy volunteers, the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 (median 27.6 pmol/L), IL-8 (1045.1 pmol/L), IL-17A (0.8 pmol/L), IL-25 (1.5 pmol/L), and IL-31 (42.3 pmol/L) were significantly greater in the ELF of COVID-19 patients than in that of volunteers. The concentrations of MCP-1 and MIP-1β were significantly greater in the plasma of COVID-19 patients than in that of volunteers. The ELF/plasma ratio of IL-8 was the highest among the 25 cytokines, with a median of 737, and the ELF/plasma ratio of IL-6 (median: 218), IL-1β (202), IL-31 (169), MCP-1 (81), MIP-1β (55), and TNF-α (47) were lower.

Conclusions
The ELF concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-25, and IL-31 were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients. Although high levels of MIP-1 and MIP-1β were also detected in the blood samples collected simultaneously with the ELF samples, the results indicated that lung inflammation was highly compartmentalized. Our study demonstrated that a comprehensive analysis of cytokines in the ELF is a feasible approach for understanding lung inflammation and systemic interactions in patients with severe pneumonia.