bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orientation of hatchling loggerhead sea turtles to regional magnetic fields along a transoceanic migratory pathway
Authors: Fuxjager Matthew J. , Eastwood Brian S. , Lohmann Kenneth J. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYYoung loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from the east coast of Florida, USA, undertake a transoceanic migration around the North Atlantic Gyre, the circular current system that flows around the Sargasso Sea. Previous experiments indicated that loggerhead hatchlings, when exposed to magnetic fields replicating those that exist at five widely separated locations along the migratory pathway, responded by swimming in directions that would, in each case, help turtles remain in the gyre and advance along the migratory route. In this study, hatchlings were exposed to several additional magnetic fields that exist along or outside of the gyre's northern boundary. Hatchlings responded to fields that exist within the gyre currents by swimming in directions consistent with their migratory route at each location, whereas turtles exposed to a field that exists north of the gyre had an orientation that was statistically indistinguishable from random. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that loggerhead turtles entering the sea for the first time possess a navigational system in which a series of regional magnetic fields sequentially trigger orientation responses that help steer turtles along the migratory route. By contrast, hatchlings may fail to respond to fields that exist in locations beyond the turtles' normal geographic range.
Dynamic Pricing of Limited Inventories When Customers Negotiate
Authors: Kuo Chia-Wei , Ahn Hyun-Soo , Aydın Göker 
Published: July 2011

Although take-it-or-leave-it pricing is the main mode of operation for many retailers, a number of retailers discreetly allow price negotiation when some haggle-prone customers ask for a bargain. At these retailers, the posted price, which itself is subject to dynamic adjustments in response to the pace of sales during the selling season, serves two important roles: (i) it is the take-it-or-leave-it price to many customers who do not bargain, and (ii) it is the price from which haggle-prone customers negotiate down. To effectively measure the benefit of dynamic pricing and negotiation in such a retail environment, one must take into account the interactions among inventory, dynamic pricing, and negotiation. The outcome of the negotiation (and the final price a customer pays) depends on the inventory level, the remaining selling season, the retailer's bargaining power, and the posted price. We model the retailer's dynamic pricing problem as a dynamic program, where the revenues from both negotiation and posted pricing are embedded in each period. We characterize the optimal posted price and the resulting negotiation outcome as a function of inventory and time. We also show that negotiation is an effective tool to achieve price discrimination, particularly when the inventory level is high and/or the remaining selling season is short, even when implementing negotiation is costly.
Combination Vitamin D Therapy in Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Vondracek Sheryl F , Hoody Dorie W 
Published: July 2011

Objective: To review the data supporting combination therapy with vitamin D and vitamin D receptor activators (VDRAs) in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). Data Sources: Literature was searched using PubMed and EMBASE using the terms kidney disease, kidney failure-chronic, and vitamin D. Limits applied included humans, adults (19 years or older), and clinical trials (and related), with publication dates between January 1, 1980, and May 16, 2011. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language publications were analyzed for relevance. Studies appropriate to the objective were evaluated, including 3 prospective observational studies, 1 prospective cohort study, and 1 retrospective study. Data Synthesis: To our knowledge, there have been no randomized controlled trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in combination with VDRA therapy in patients with stage 5 CKD. Relatively small observational studies have demonstrated improvements in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations and markers of mineral and bone metabolism as well as reduced VDRA use in patients with stage 5 CKD. Not all patients in these studies were receiving VDRA therapy. Therapy was safe, with no patients exceeding the recommended upper limit for 25-OHD concentrations and only a small percentage experiencing transient/correctable hypercalcemia. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation to maintain 25-OHD concentrations at 20-30 ng/mL or higher with or without VDRA therapy is inexpensive, appears safe, and may have additional health benefits in patients with stage 5 CKD, Well-designed, randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of combination vitamin D therapy in patients with stage 5 CKD.
Genetic Dissection of a Key Reproductive Barrier Between Nascent Species of House Mice
Authors: White Michael A , Steffy Brian , Wiltshire Tim , Payseur Bret A 
Published: July 2011

AbstractReproductive isolation between species is often caused by deleterious interactions among loci in hybrids. Finding the genes involved in these incompatibilities provides insight into the mechanisms of speciation. With recently diverged subspecies, house mice provide a powerful system for understanding the genetics of reproductive isolation early in the speciation process. Although previous studies have yielded important clues about the genetics of hybrid male sterility in house mice, they have been restricted to F1 sterility or incompatibilities involving the X chromosome. To provide a more complete characterization of this key reproductive barrier, we conducted an F2 intercross between wild-derived inbred strains from two subspecies of house mice, Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus. We identified a suite of autosomal and X-linked QTL that underlie measures of hybrid male sterility, including testis weight, sperm density, and sperm morphology. In many cases, the autosomal loci were unique to a specific sterility trait and exhibited an effect only when homozygous, underscoring the importance of examining reproductive barriers beyond the F1 generation. We also found novel two-locus incompatibilities between the M. m. musculus X chromosome and M. m. domesticus autosomal alleles. Our results reveal a complex genetic architecture for hybrid male sterility and suggest a prominent role for reproductive barriers in advanced generations in maintaining subspecies integrity in house mice.
An Investigation into the Elements of the International English Language Testing System: Instructors' Success
Authors: Ghaemi Hamed , Kargozari Hamid 
Published: July 2011

An Investigation into the Elements of the International English Language Testing System: Instructors' SuccessEducating for a more sustainable future in its broadest sense includes improving quality basic education, reorienting education to address sustainability, improving public awareness and providing training to many sectors of society. In order to reorient teacher education to address sustainability, we need to examine the major tenets of sustainable development and apply them to education and teacher education. This study reports on an exploratory study into the distinctive characteristics of International English Language Testing System (IELTS) instructors. Six IELTS instruction institutes in Iran were selected. Totally, there were 122 students studying IELTS, distributed in 18 classes available in these institutes, and 15 teachers were teaching IELTS preparation courses there. All 18 classes were videotaped to be used and analysed in more detail. In addition, three questionnaires were developed for the purpose of identifying the most frequently occurring practices and strategies. The questionnaires were filled in by researchers, students and the teachers themselves. The results of the study demonstrated that knowledge and command of the target language, an ability to organize, explain, clarify, arouse, sustain interest and motivation among students, fairness to students by showing neither favouritism nor prejudice and availability to students were among the most significant characteristics and qualities of a successful IELTS instructor.
Dancers With Achilles Tendinopathy Demonstrate Altered Lower Extremity Takeoff Kinematics
Authors: Kulig Kornelia , Loudon Janice K. , Popovich John M. , Pollard Christine D. , Winder Brooke R. 
Published: July 2011

Study design Controlled laboratory study using a cross-sectional design. Objectives To analyze lower extremity kinematics during takeoff of a “saut de chat” (leap) in dancers with and without a history of Achilles tendinopathy (AT). We hypothesized that dancers with AT would demonstrate different kinematic strategies compared to dancers without pathology, and that these differences would be prominent in the transverse and frontal planes. Background AT is a common injury experienced by dancers. Dance leaps such as the saut de chat place a large demand on the Achilles tendon. Methods Sixteen female dancers with and without a history of AT (mean ± SD age, 18.8 ± 1.2 years) participated. Three-dimensional kinematics at the hip, knee, and ankle were quantified for the takeoff of the saut de chat, using a motion analysis system. A force platform was used to determine braking and push-off phases of takeoff. Peak sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane joint positions during the braking and push-off phases of the takeoff were examined statistically. Independent samples t tests were used to evaluate group differences (α = .05). Results The dancers in the tendinopathy group demonstrated significantly higher peak hip adduction during the braking phase of takeoff (mean ± SD, 13.5° ± 6.1° versus 7.7° ± 4.2°; P = .046). During the push-off phase, dancers with AT demonstrated significantly more internal rotation at the knee (13.2° ± 5.2° versus 6.9° ± 4.9°; P = .024). Conclusion Dancers with AT demonstrate increased peak transverse and frontal plane kinematics when performing the takeoff of a saut de chat. These larger displacements may be either causative or compensatory factors in the development of AT. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(8):606–613, Epub 12 July 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3580
Flexible Ahmed Valve for Selected Cases of Refractory Glaucoma
Authors: Mokbel Tharwat H. , Khalaf Mohamed A. , El-Khouly Sherief E. , El-Metwally Nasser O. 
Published: July 2011

Purpose Glaucoma drainage implants are a useful alternative in treating glaucomas that are resistant to medical therapy and conventional glaucoma filtration surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate flexible Ahmed glaucoma valve implant for selected cases of refractory glaucoma regarding its efficiency in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) and possible postoperative complications of its implantation and their management. Method Patients included in this study were selected from patients with uncontrolled IOP by conventional filtration surgery as well as maximum tolerable topical medical treatment when surgery or laser is unlikely to control IOP. For every patient, complete history of age, sex, and history of previous ocular disease was done. Ocular examination for IOP measurement, best-corrected visual acuity measurement, and condition of conjunctiva was done. Ahmed glaucoma valve flexible plate implant (FP7 and FP8) was used. Results The present study included 40 eyes of 40 patients and preoperative IOP ranged from 32 mmHg to 58 mmHg with a mean of 40.36 ± 7.78 mmHg. The postoperative IOP ranged between 14.0 mmHg and 28.0 mmHg with a mean of 18.73 ± 4.8 mmHg. The criteria of success were applied in 37 eyes of 40 eyes (92.5%); they included 30 eyes (81.8%) with absolute success and 7 eyes (18.9%) with partial success. Conclusions Flexible Ahmed glaucoma valve plate implant is a satisfactory method for controlling elevated IOP in cases of refractory glaucoma with success rate of 92.5% and lower incidence of immediate postoperative and implant-related complications.
Fundus autofluorescence patterns in type 2A idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis
Authors: Chhablani Jay Kumar , Narayanan Raja 
Published: July 2011

Purpose To describe fundus autofluorescence (FAF) patterns in patients with type 2A idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasia (IJRT). Methods We reviewed FAF images, color photographs, and fluorescein angiography (FA) images of 30 eyes from 16 patients with type 2A IJRT. Eyes with presence of subretinal neovascularization or any other retinal pathology were excluded. All the imaging modalities were obtained with a Heidelberg Retina Angiograph (HRA) confocal laser scanning system. Results The mean age of the patients was 50.7 years, 68.5% female. At baseline, the median best-corrected visual acuity was 20/50. Loss of normal foveal hypoautofluorescence was noted in 93.3% of eyes. All the eyes showed hypoautofluorescence corresponding to intraretinal crystals and pigment clumps. Increased FAF around the pigments was noted in 93.3% of eyes. Increased FAF corresponding to the angiographic leakage from telangiectatic and nontelangiectatic areas was noted in 86.6% of eyes and 80% of eyes, respectively. Conclusions Loss of foveal hypoautofluorescence and increased FAF corresponding to the nontelangiectatic angiographic leakage areas were predominant features. Fundus autofluorescence patterns corresponding to color photography and FA findings may further add to the understanding of morphologic alterations in type 2A nonproliferative IJRT at early stages.
Identification of Risk Factors for Catheter-Related Thrombosis in Patients with Totally Implantable Venous Access Ports in the Forearm
Authors: Goltz Jan P. , Schmid Jan S. , Ritter Christian O. , Knödler Pascal , Petritsch Bernhard , Kirchner Johannes , Hahn Dietbert , Kickuth Ralph 
Published: July 2011

Purpose To identify risk factors for the development of catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in patients with totally implant-able venous access ports (TIVAP) in the forearm, and to analyze the effect of prophylaxis and treatment. Methods We retrospectively identified 200 patients (94 men, 106 women, mean age 57.7 +/-14 y) with TIVAP implantation in the forearm between 3/2010 and 11/2010. Type, number of punctures and sonographically defined diameter of the accessed vein were analyzed. Chemotherapy administered prior to the implantation procedure and history of thrombo-embolic events were assessed. Thrombo-embolic prophylaxis (TEP) following port implantation and treatment as well as course of CRT were analyzed. Results Twenty-one patients (10.5%) were diagnosed with CRT. Accessed vessels and mean diameter were basilic (n=150, 3.7 mm), brachial (n=39, 3.5 mm) and cephalic (n=11, 3.5 mm) vein. Neither type nor vessel diameter had effect on CRT development (P>.05). Implantation in the left forearm resulted in a significantly higher rate of CRT (P=.04). Ninety-five patients (47.5%) received chemotherapy and 30 patients (15.0%) had a history of thrombosis prior to implantation; both had no effect on development of CRT. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was prescribed in 94/200 patients (47.0%) and had no effect on development of CRT (P>.05). Therapeutic anticoagulation with LMWH resulted in clinical improvement in 12/21 patients (57.4%). Conclusions TIVAPs of the forearm may be associated with a certain rate of early and late CRT. The simplest vein to puncture should be selected for vascular access. Thrombo-embolic prophylaxis appears to be rather ineffective for prevention of CRT.
Experimental study on the aerodynamic and separating characteristics of a novel tiny‐oil ignition cyclone burner for down‐fired utility boiler
Authors: Zhou Hao , Mo Guiyuan , Si Dongbo , Cen Kefa 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTA novel tiny‐oil ignition cyclone burner is presented in this paper. Such a burner is an improvement and modification of the cyclone burner of the Foster Wheeler (FW) Company. In order to reduce the oil consumption during the start up and low load operation of the W‐shaped flame pulverized coal‐fired utility boiler, tiny‐oil technology is introduced to the cyclone burner based on the design concept of staged ignition. This burner is employed in down‐fired boiler, with the advantages of burning low volatile coal more efficiently and reducing the oil consumption. Experiments are carried out to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics and the coal particle separation efficiency of the novel tiny‐oil ignition cyclone burner. The influence of the vent air damper opening on the performance of the cyclone is studied. The modifications and improvements on the novel tiny‐oil ignition cyclone burner produce no unfavorable influence on performance of vent air ratio and the separating efficiency. This burner has been employed for a 300‐MW down‐fired pulverized coal utility boiler in China, and the oil consumption reduces by 70% compared with the technology of FW Company. Copyright © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Constrained Peptidomimetics Containing 2‐Oxo‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐4‐carboxylic Acids
Authors: Gentilucci Luca , Tolomelli Alessandra , De Marco Rossella , Tomasini Claudia , Feddersen Sören 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSulfonyl peptides containing a serine or threonine residue undergo cyclization with bis(succinimidyl) carbonate (DSC) and diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) to give peptides with a 2‐oxo‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐4‐carboxylate (Oxd) group, either in solution or in the solid phase. The position of the serine or threonine residue in the sequence is relatively unimportant. Under the same conditions, the corresponding Fmoc‐ or Boc‐peptides gave dehydration products, in agreement to previous studies. The protocol constitutes a valuable approach to the preparation of oxazolidinone‐containing peptides, which are a recently emerging class of constrained peptidomimetics. As a representative example, an Oxd analogue of the endogenous opioid peptide endomorphin‐1, characterized by an all‐trans conformation, was readily prepared.
Flow‐Injection Amperometric Method for Determination of Diclofenac in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Gimenes D. T. , de Freitas J. M. , Munoz R. A. A. , Richter E. M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper describes the determination of diclofenac (DCF) in pharmaceutical formulations using flow injection method with multiple pulse amperometric detection. Unmodified boron‐doped diamond (BDD) is used as working electrode and 0.10 mol L−1 sulfuric acid as supporting electrolyte. The system exhibited sharp current response peaks and excellent stability of the analytical signal (RSD=1.0 %, n=10). The linear response range from 5 to 50 µmol L−1 was obtained by using an injected volume of 50 µL, with good correlation coefficient (R=0.998). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.14 and 0.46 µmol L−1, respectively. The sampling frequency was calculated about 135 injections h−1.
Glucose Biosensor Using Glucose Oxidase and Electrospun Mn2O3‐Ag Nanofibers
Authors: Huang Shan , Ding Yu , Liu Yixin , Su Liang , Filosa Raymond , Lei Yu 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe highly porous Mn2O3‐Ag nanofibers were fabricated by a facile two‐step procedure (electrospinning and calcination). The structure and composition of the Mn2O3‐Ag nanofibers were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX and SAED. The as‐prepared Mn2O3‐Ag nanofibers were then employed as the immobilization matrix for glucose oxidase (GOD) to construct an amperometric glucose biosensor. The biosensor shows fast response to glucose, high sensitivity (40.60 µA mM−1 cm−2), low detection limit (1.73 µM at S/N=3), low Km,app value and excellent selectivity. These results indicate that the novel Mn2O3‐Ag nanfibers‐GOD composite has great potential application in oxygen‐reduction based glucose biosensing.
Lopinavir/ritonavir resistance in patients infected with HIV‐1: two divergent resistance pathways?
Authors: Champenois Karen , Baras Agathe , Choisy Philippe , Ajana Faiza , Melliez Hughes , Bocket Laurence , Yazdanpanah Yazdan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe HIV‐1 protease L76V mutation has been described recently as conferring high‐level resistance to lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). The aim was to identify the factors and particularly protease mutations associated with the presence of L76V in treatment‐experienced patients infected with HIV‐1 who have failed virologically an LPV/r‐based antiretroviral therapy regimen. This is a retrospective exploratory study. Patients were eligible if they were in care at the Northern France AIDS reference center between 2000 and 2009, failed virologically an LPV/r‐based regimen, and infected with HIV‐1 strains carrying LPV/r‐resistant mutations (genotype resistance test after failure). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to compare LPV/r‐resistant patients infected with virus harboring the L76V mutation or not (L76Vpositive/L76Vnegative). Twelve patients with virus L76V positive were identified and compared to 24 patients with virus L76V negative selected at random. Demographic and clinical data were not different significantly between the two groups. In univariate analyses, of the mutations found in ≥10% of patients, L89M and Q58E were more prevalent in viruses L76V positive than L76V negative (L89M, 42% vs. 0%, P = 0.0007; Q58E, 50% vs. 25%, P = 0.1). In contrast, I54V, G73S and L90M were less prevalent in viruses L76V positive than L76V negative (I54V, 42% vs. 83%, P = 0.01; G73S, 0% vs. 33%, P = 0.02; L90M, 25% vs. 83%, P = 0.0006). L90M, I54V and Q58E were associated with L76V in a multivariate analysis (P < 0.0001, P = 0.002, and P = 0.008, respectively). These results suggest two divergent pathways leading to LPV/r resistance. One contains the L76V and Q58E mutations and the other contains the L90M and I54V mutations. J. Med. Virol. 83:1677–1681, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The indirect effect of somatic complaints on report of posttraumatic psychological symptomatology among Somali refugees
Authors: Bentley Jacob A. , Thoburn John W. , Stewart David G. , Boynton Lorin D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSomali refugees are a growing population of displaced persons at risk for considerable traumatic exposure and its subsequent psychological symptomatology. Two hypotheses were proposed to evaluate the relationships between somatic complaints and posttraumatic psychological symptoms in a community‐based sample of 74 adult Somali participants. As hypothesized, traumatic exposure predicted increased symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; r = .64, p < .01), depression (r = .31, p < .01), and anxiety (r = .38, p < .01) in the basal model. In evaluation of the second hypothesis, somatic complaints were found to have a statistically significant indirect effect on the predictive relationship between traumatic life events and mood disturbance, accounting for 9% of the variance in depression and 14% of the variance in anxiety. However, somatic complaints failed to have an indirect effect on the relationship between traumatic exposure and symptoms of PTSD. Post hoc analyses revealed that, consistent with research conducted with nonrefugee populations, PTSD had a statistically significant indirect effect that accounted for 13% of the variance in the relationship between trauma and somatic complaints. These findings provide preliminary data regarding the influence of somatic complaints on the self‐reported psychological symptoms of internationally displaced Somali refugees.