bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet Adhesion and Activation in an ECMO Thrombosis‐on‐a‐Chip Model
Authors: Goh Tiffany , Gao Lingzi , Singh Jasneil , Totaro Richard , Carey Ruaidhri , Yang Kevin , Cartwright Bruce , Dennis Mark , Ju Lining Arnold , Waterhouse Anna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUse of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for cardiorespiratory failure remains complicated by blood clot formation (thrombosis), triggered by biomaterial surfaces and flow conditions. Thrombosis may result in ECMO circuit changes, cause red blood cell hemolysis, and thromboembolic events. Medical device thrombosis is potentiated by the interplay between biomaterial properties, hemodynamic flow conditions and patient pathology, however, the contribution and importance of these factors are poorly understood because many in vitro models lack the capability to customize material and flow conditions to investigate thrombosis under clinically relevant medical device conditions. Therefore, an ECMO thrombosis‐on‐a‐chip model is developed that enables highly customizable biomaterial and flow combinations to evaluate ECMO thrombosis in real‐time with low blood volume. It is observed that low flow rates, decelerating conditions, and flow stasis significantly increased platelet adhesion, correlating with clinical thrombus formation. For the first time, it is found that tubing material, polyvinyl chloride, caused increased platelet P‐selectin activation compared to connector material, polycarbonate. This ECMO thrombosis‐on‐a‐chip model can be used to guide ECMO operation, inform medical device design, investigate embolism, occlusion and platelet activation mechanisms, and develop anti‐thrombotic biomaterials to ultimately reduce medical device thrombosis, anti‐thrombotic drug use and therefore bleeding complications, leading to safer blood‐contacting medical devices.
Advancing Hematite Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: The Impact of g‐C3N4 Supported Ni‐CoP on Photogenerated Hole Dynamics
Authors: Yang Mengya , Oldham Louise I , Daboczi Matyas , Baghdadi Yasmine , Cui Junyi , Benetti Daniele , Zhang Weilin , Durrant James R , Hankin Anna , Eslava Salvador 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe increasing demand for clean hydrogen necessitates the rapid development of efficient photoanodes to catalyze the water oxidation half‐reaction effectively. Here a strategy is introduced to fabricate photoanodes that synergistically combine and leverage the properties of porous Ti‐doped hematite (Ti‐Fe2O3) and graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanosheets anchored with in situ grown Ni‐doped CoP co‐catalyst (Ni‐CoP). The resulting hybrid photoanodes exhibit >7 times higher photocurrent density at +1.23 VRHE compared with Ti‐Fe2O3 photoanodes. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including ambient photoemission spectroscopy, intensity‐modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, and transient absorption spectroscopy complementarily reveal the key impact of g‐C3N4 in these composites with enhanced solar oxygen evolution reaction: The incorporation of g‐C3N4 leads to enhanced charge separation through a type‐II heterojunction, thereby increasing the hole flux at the surface, and extending the charge carrier lifetime to the ms‐s range needed for water oxidation. Additionally, g‐C3N4 facilitates efficient transfer of photogenerated holes to the fine Ni‐CoP nanoparticles confined in the graphitic matrix for a boosted oxygen evolution reaction. These findings highlight the advantages of complex heterostructure photoanodes and demonstrate a new application of g‐C3N4 as a multifunctional support of co‐catalysts for future photoanodes with enhanced performance.
Can the American Community Survey provide new insight into household food security? An illustration of cross‐survey multiple imputation
Authors: Bartfeld Judith , Reed‐Jones Madeline 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNational food security data have been vital in raising public awareness and motivating policy. This paper uses cross‐survey multiple imputation as a flexible way to assess within‐state food security patterns that cannot be measured well with the Current Population Survey. Using a CPS‐based model, we impute food security status to households in the much larger American Community Survey. We illustrate the value of this approach by showing how grouping households by demographic or geographic attributes can provide insight into disparities within states by race and ethnicity, as well as variation in food security across substate geographies.
Effects of two common antibiotics on the skin microbiome of ornamental reef fishes: Implications for manipulative experiments in microbial dynamics
Authors: Pereira Ana , Brown Anya , Strobel Davis , Soares Marta C. , Xavier Raquel , Apprill Amy , Sikkel Paul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn understanding of the mechanistic drivers of animal‐microbial symbiosis and associations generally requires experiments that manipulate specific symbionts or microbial communities. As part of an ongoing study of the mechanisms that drive microbial communities in coral reef fishes, and specifically the role of cleanerfish in microbial transmission, we tested the effects of the commonly used antibiotics Enrofloxacin and Nitrofurazone on the skin microbiome of three ornamental reef fish species: the four‐eyed butterflyfish, Chaetodon capistratus (Chaetodontidae), the cleanerfish neon goby Elacatinus oceanops (Gobiidae) and the beaugregory damselfish Stegastes leucostictus (Pomacentridae). Our main aim was to characterize dysbiosis prompted by the delivery of the two antibiotics and understand whether both could be used to establish good starting points for microbial transmission experiments. We bathed the fish in antibiotic (or no exposure in the controls), sampled the skin microbiota via swabbing at zero (before treatment) and 3 and 7 days during the treatments, and examined the microbial community using a 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. Nitrofurazone reduced skin‐associated microbial diversity in all species, whereas the same effect for Enrofloxacin was only seen in S. leucostictus. Although each antibiotic had its own, unique impact in microbial community, all treatments showed positive and negative shifts in the most abundant microbial taxa over time. Moreover, soon after the delivery of both antibiotics, increases in the abundance of opportunistic bacteria or potential pathogens, such as Alteromonas and Vibrio, were observed. Although both antibiotics are effective, Nitrofurazone more successfully reduces microbial diversity and therefore may be more ideal for experiments seeking to disrupt fish microbiomes.
Pneumocephalus resulting from traumatic pneumothorax and brachial plexus avulsion
Authors: Date Naoki , Hamakawa Hiroshi , Sakanoue Ichiro , Saito Tomoki , Takahashi Yutaka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic pneumocephalus is commonly encountered after basal skull fractures and rarely associated with blunt chest trauma. Here, we report a case of pneumocephalus caused by traumatic pneumothorax and brachial plexus avulsion.Case PresentationA 20‐year‐old male was admitted to our hospital following a motorcycle accident with complete paralysis of the right upper limb. 2 days later, follow‐up computed tomography revealed a slight right pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum around the neck, and intracranial air without skull fracture. Air migrates into the subarachnoid space through a dural tear caused by a brachial plexus avulsion. The pneumocephalus immediately improved after the insertion of a chest drain.ConclusionPneumothorax combined with brachial plexus avulsion could lead to pneumocephalus. Immediate chest drainage might be the best way to stop the migration of air; however, care should be taken to not worsen cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
Cobaltaelektro‐katalysierte C−H‐Aktivierung für zentrale und axiale doppelte Enantioinduktion
Authors: von Münchow Tristan , Liu Yi‐Ru , Parmar Rahul , Peters Sven Erik , Trienes Sven , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren hat sich die enantioselektive Elektrokatalyse zunehmend als eine effektive Methode für die nachhaltige molekulare Synthese herausgestellt. Trotz unbestreitbarer Fortschritte bleiben Strategien zur Kontrolle über zwei unterschiedliche stereogene Elemente mit hoher Selektivität schwer fassbar. Im Gegensatz dazu beschreiben wir hier elektrochemische Cobalt‐katalysierte C−H‐Aktivierungen, welche die Installation chiraler stereogener Zentren zusammen mit einer chiralen Achse mit hoher Enantio‐ und Diastereoselektivität ermöglichen. Die entwickelte elektrokatalytische Strategie erlaubte C−H/N−H‐Aktivierungen/Anellierungen mit cyclischen und acyclischen Alkenen und gewährte einen direkten Zugang zu vielseitigen sowohl zentralen als auch atropo‐chiralen Dihydroisochinolinonen gepaart mit der wertvollen Wasserstoffbildungsreaktion. Studien zur Atropo‐Stabilität der erhaltenen Verbindungen demonstrierten, dass die äußerst milden Bedingungen, gewährleistet durch den elektrokatalytischen Prozess, entscheidend für die hohen erzielten Stereoselektivitäten waren.
Development of Aloe vera‐titanium oxide‐based ultrasensitive sensor for the quantification of quercetin
Authors: Raja Antony Nitin , Pandey Annu , Jain Rajeev 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the present work, a novel sensor developed for the quantification of quercetin (QRC) is being reported. Due to synergistic effects of Aloe vera and titanium oxide, voltammetric performance of the developed sensor (ALV‐TiO2/glassy carbon electrode) was greatly enhanced. The fabricated sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive X‐ray, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sensor was applied to study electrochemical behavior of QRC using square wave voltammetry. Under optimal condition, the developed sensor exhibited a linear response in the range of 3.3 × 10−7 to 2.31 × 10−6 µM with a detection limit of 0.8 nM. The analytical utility of the proposed sensor was justified by applying it for the analysis of QRC in real samples.
Barbituric acid‐derived azo dye metal complexes: Synthesis, characterization, DFT, and antimicrobial analysis
Authors: Kumari Beauty , Ahmad Khursheed 
Published: May 2024

Two novel metal complexes, C1 and C2, were synthesized through the reaction of an azo dye ligand, obtained by coupling 4‐chloroaniline with 1,3‐dimethyl barbituric acid. The structure of the ligand was confirmed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). UV–Vis spectroscopy was employed to assess the ligand's sensing ability toward six different metal ions. Comprehensive characterization of the synthesized metal complexes was conducted using elemental analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis–difference thermogravimetry (TGA‐DTG), FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD). X‐ray analysis revealed octahedral coordination geometry with a 2:1 ligand‐to‐metal ratio and dimethylformamide (DMF) coordination with the metal atom in both complexes. Hirshfeld analysis and 2D fingerprint plots were employed to investigate supramolecular and intermolecular interactions within the crystal system. Density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) calculations were utilized to compute energy gaps and other important theoretical features. Sensing experiments with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) were conducted at a concentration of 1 × 10−5 M. Furthermore, the bioactivity of the synthesized metal complexes and ligand L was evaluated through molecular docking studies against Protein Data Bank (PDB IDs) 4XUY (Staphylococcus aureus) and 3BQW (Aspergillus niger). Also, antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion technique, revealing that complexes C1 and C2 exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activities against the tested organisms compared to the parent azo dye ligand. The computational and experimental bioactivity data are in good agreement with each other.
Thermodynamic analysis of temperature boosting of hot primary air in an ultra‐supercritical lignite‐fired power plant: Scheme comparison and performance enhancement
Authors: Pan Shaocheng , Li Maoliang , Li Weicheng , Lin Xiaolong , Liu Yinhe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLignite‐fired boilers usually encounter the insufficient drying capacity of the pulverizer due to the inherent drawback of high moisture content in fuel. In this study, four schemes of heat sources for temperature boosting of hot primary air are proposed for an ultra‐supercritical large‐scale single reheat lignite‐fired power plant according to heat sources such as inlet flue gas of air preheater (Scheme 1), the third stage extraction steam (Scheme 2), outlet steam of low‐temperature reheater (Scheme 3), and inlet flue gas of economizer (Scheme 4). The thermodynamic system models are built by using EBSILON Professional software. The thermodynamic performance of the four schemes is analyzed and compared from the perspectives of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. First law analysis indicates that the power generation standard coal consumption of Scheme 3 is reduced by 0.87, 0.42, and 0.04 g·kW−1·h−1 compared with Schemes 1, 2, and 4, respectively. Second law analysis indicates that the exergy loss of Schemes 2–4 is 3.7, 7.6, and 7.5 MW lower than that of Scheme 1. The present study may provide guidance for the energy efficiency improvement of lignite‐fired power plants.
Facile Synthesis and Photoluminescent Properties of Asymmetric Perylene Diimides Capable of Tuning Emission Colors in Polymeric Matrices
Authors: Yamaguchi Natsuki , Morisako Shogo , Isoda Kyosuke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe report the facile synthesis of asymmetric perylene diimides (asym−PDIs) using readily available reagents, demonstrating their distinct photoluminescent properties. In CHCl3, asym−PDIs exhibit higher solubility compared to traditional perylene dyes, of which solubilities can be varied by substituent selections. Among them, UV‐vis absorption spectra of CPE in CHCl3 solution displayed no aggregate peaks in the ground state, maintaining high photoluminescent quantum yields. Also, CPE can be readily dispersed into poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA (CPE−PMMA), forming thin films without aggregate formation. Importantly, the emission color of CPE−PMMA thin films significantly changes with the addition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These color changes should be strongly correlated with the HOMO level of the added PAHs.
Delineating a Tailor‐Made Fluorescent Probe Designed for the Selective Detection of Tyrosinase
Authors: P. Kavyashree , R. A. Aswini , Karmakar Abhijit , Lal Koner Apurba 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA dicyanoisophorone based fluorescent probe (E)‐2‐(3‐(4‐hydroxystyryl)‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (DCIP‐OH) was developed for the selective sensing of tyrosinase in apple extract and live cells. The probe was obtained by the condensation of 2‐(3,5,5‐trimethylcyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile with 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde. Upon interaction with tyrosinase, the probe exhibited absorbance switching from 417 nm to 357 nm, accompanied by a slight increase in absorption value and an isosbestic point observed at 373 nm. Additionally, a reduction in emission intensity at 592 nm was observed. Furthermore, we successfully employed the probe for sensing of tyrosinase in apple extract and conducted inhibition studies by using kojic acid. LOD was determined to be ~0.4 nM. Moreover, the biocompatible nature of DCIP‐OH enabled its effective localization in epithelial‐like melanoma cells, B16F10, where it demonstrated successful fluorescent probing of intracellular tyrosinase.
Box–Behnken modeling of biodiesel production from Botryococcus braunii microalgae
Authors: Hassaan Mohamed A. , Abdelaziz Nesma I. M. , Nazir Muhammad Altaf , Jamshaid Muhammad , Hassouna Mohammed S. , El Nemr Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research aimed to model and optimize the growth factors and enhance the lipid yield from Botryococcus braunii microalgae, and to design a system for obtaining biodiesel from these lipids as this does not compromise food security. Botryococcus braunii, grown on a modified Chu‐13 medium, reached the stationary phase after 27 days with a maximum cell count of 265 × 104 cells mL−1 after 27 days and maximum biomass yield of 725 mg L−1 after 30 days on modified Chu‐13 medium, which was higher than growth on Basal SAG medium. The maximum lipid content (18.47%) and lipid yield (4.46 mg L−1day) were obtained when B. braunii was cultivated on modified Chu‐13 medium after 30 days. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis for the lipids indicated that the highest percentages of SFAs (51.03%) and lowest percentages of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (36.47%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (12.49%) were obtained by culturing B. braunii on modified Chu‐13 medium. The effect of different growth parameters (N2 level, NaHCO3, and CO2 concentrations) on growth yield was modeled by using D‐optimal design response surface methodology (RSM).
Targeted delivery of interleukin‐12 plasmid into HepG2 cells through folic acid conjugated graphene oxide nanocarrier
Authors: Safari Farshad , Bardania Hassan , Dehshahri Ali , Hallaj‐Nezhadi Somayeh , Asfaram Arash , Mohammadi Vahid , Baneshi Marzieh , Bahramianpour Sima , Akrami Negar , Khalvati Bahman , Mirzaei Ali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSuccessful gene therapy relies on carriers to transfer genetic materials with high efficiency and low toxicity in a targeted manner. To enhance targeted cell binding and uptake, we developed and synthesized a new gene delivery vector based on graphene oxide (GO) modified by branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) and folic acid (FA). The GO‐PEI‐FA nanocarriers exhibit lower toxicity compared to unmodified PEI, as well as having the potential to efficiently condense and protect pDNA. Interestingly, increasing the polymer content in the polyplex formulation improved plasmid transfer ability. Substituting graphene oxide for PEI at an N/P ratio of 10 in the HepG2 and THP1 cell lines improved hIL‐12 expression by up to approximately eightfold compared to simple PEI, which is twice as high as GO‐PEI‐FA in Hek293 at the same N/P ratio. Therefore, the GO‐PEI‐FA described in this study may serve as a targeting nanocarrier for the delivery of the hIL‐12 plasmid into cells overexpressing folic acid receptors, such as those found in hepatocellular carcinoma.
UnderwaterImage2IR: Underwater impulse response generation via dual‐path pre‐trained networks and conditional generative adversarial networks
Authors: Zhang Yisheng , Liu Shiguang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the field of acoustic simulation, methods that are widely applied and have been proven to be highly effective rely on accurately capturing the impulse response (IR) and its convolution relationship. This article introduces a novel approach, named as UnderwaterImage2IR, that generates acoustic IRs from underwater images using dual‐path pre‐trained networks. This technique aims to achieve cross‐modal conversion from underwater visual images to acoustic information with high accuracy at a low cost. Our method utilizes deep learning technology by integrating dual‐path pre‐trained networks and conditional generative adversarial networks conditional generative adversarial networks (CGANs) to generate acoustic IRs that match the observed scenes. One branch of the network focuses on the extraction of spatial features from images, while the other is dedicated to recognizing underwater characteristics. These features are fed into the CGAN network, which is trained to generate acoustic IRs corresponding to the observed scenes, thereby achieving high‐accuracy acoustic simulation in an efficient manner. Experimental results, compared with the ground truth and evaluated by human experts, demonstrate the significant advantages of our method in generating underwater acoustic IRs, further proving its potential application in underwater acoustic simulation.
Uniform gradient magnetic field and spatial localization method based on Maxwell coils for virtual surgery simulation
Authors: Huang Yi , Deng Xutian , Zhao Xujie , Xie Wenxuan , Yuan Zhiyong , Zhao Jianhui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the development of virtual reality technology, simulation surgery has become a low‐risk surgical training method and high‐precision positioning of surgical instruments is required in virtual simulation surgery. In this paper we design and validate a novel electromagnetic positioning method based on a uniform gradient magnetic field. We employ Maxwell coils to generate the uniform gradient magnetic field and propose two positioning algorithms based on magnetic field, namely the linear equation positioning algorithm and the magnetic field fingerprint positioning algorithm. After validating the feasibility of proposed positioning system through simulation, we construct a prototype system and conduct practical experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the positioning system exhibits excellent accuracy and speed in both simulation and real‐world applications. The positioning accuracy remains consistent and high, showing no significant variation with changes in the positions of surgical instruments.
Multi‐style cartoonization: Leveraging multiple datasets with generative adversarial networks
Authors: Cai Jianlu , Li Frederick W. B. , Nan Fangzhe , Yang Bailin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractScene cartoonization aims to convert photos into stylized cartoons. While generative adversarial networks (GANs) can generate high‐quality images, previous methods focus on individual images or single styles, ignoring relationships between datasets. We propose a novel multi‐style scene cartoonization GAN that leverages multiple cartoon datasets jointly. Our main technical contribution is a multi‐branch style encoder that disentangles representations to model styles as distributions over entire datasets rather than images. Combined with a multi‐task discriminator and perceptual losses optimizing across collections, our model achieves state‐of‐the‐art diverse stylization while preserving semantics. Experiments demonstrate that by learning from inter‐dataset relationships, our method translates photos into cartoon images with improved realism and abstraction fidelity compared to prior arts, without iterative re‐training for new styles.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Annulation for the Synthesis of 5‐ and 6‐Membered N‐Heterocyclic Building Blocks
Authors: Peng Marie , Doucet Henri , Soulé Jean‐François 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe sustainable preparation of N‐heterocycles is one of the most active research areas owing to their predominance as synthetics building blocks with extensive applications in organic, pharmaceutical, and material chemistry fields. Among the various catalytic protocols, the C−H bond functionalization with the concomitant C−N bond formation, so‐called C−H bond annulation, has become one of the most sustainable routes to access N‐heterocycles because it starts from low‐functionalized materials and generates a limited amount of waste, all respecting the concept of atom economy. Rhodium complexes often catalyze these reactions. This review focuses on the synthesis of 5‐ and 6‐membered ring N‐containing heterocycles such as indoles, pyrroles, indolines, (iso)quinolinones, dihydroquinolines, and pyrrolidones from readily available starting materials, with an emphasis on the novel C−H bond cascade synthetic methodologies via C−N/C−C bond formation, as well as on the mechanisms of these reactions, especially the oxidation steps. We hope this review will help researchers looking to prepare N‐heterocycles in a minimum of steps and those who want to develop new methodologies based on C−H bond activation/functionalizations.