bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copy number variation in CCL3L1 gene is associated with susceptibility to acute rejection in patients after liver transplantation
Authors: Li Hong , Xie Hai‐Yang , Zhou Lin , Feng Xiao‐Wen , Wang Wei‐Lin , Liang Ting‐Bo , Zhang Min , Zheng Shu‐Sen 
Published: September 2011

Li H, Xie H‐Y, Zhou L, Feng X‐W, Wang W‐L, Liang T‐B, Zhang M, Zheng S‐S. Copy number variation in CCL3L1 gene is associated with susceptibility to acute rejection in patients after liver transplantation.  Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2011.01486.x.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Copy number variation (CNV) in gene was a novel type of genetic diversity in human that affect the pathogenesis, progress, and prognosis of disease. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between CNV in CCL3L1 gene and the rejection risk in liver‐transplant recipients. The 266 Han‐Chinese patients and 135 volunteers were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA and mRNA samples were obtained from the whole peripheral blood; a quantitative real‐time PCR‐based assay was carried out to determine the copy number of CCL3L1, and real‐time PCR was carried out to calculate the CCL3L1/CCL3 mRNA ratio. The CNV distributions in patients and health controls had no significant differences. Copy number in acute rejection group (AR) shifted to higher number compared with non‐acute rejection group (4.74 ± 1.87 vs. 3.88 ± 2.13, p = 0.017). Moreover, patients with higher CCL3L1 copies (≥3 copies) had a significantly higher rejection risk than patients lower copies CCL3L1 (OR = 3.85, 95% CI, 1.14–13.04; p = 0.021). No association was found between CNV and rejection grades. In conclusion, liver transplant recipients with high copy number of CCL3L1 gene had a significant higher risk of AR. CNV might be a novel genetic diversity that correlated with allograft rejection.
Microscopic Anatomy of the Lower Respiratory Tract of the Grey Short‐Tailed Opossum (Monodelphis domestica)
Authors: Cope L. A. , Henry R. W. , Reed R. B. 
Published: September 2011

With 14 figuresSummaryThe respiratory tracts of seven grey short‐tailed opossums were histologically examined. Six opossums were prepared by perfusion with buffered formalin. Opossum seven was perfused with gluteraldehyde. Samples taken from the respiratory passages and lungs of specimens 1–6 were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. A mixture of methylene and azure blue was used for specimen 7. The trachea and right and left principal bronchi are lined with a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with occasional goblet cells. The secondary and tertiary bronchi and the primary and secondary bronchioles are lined by a simple ciliated columnar epithelium. The terminal bronchioles and a portion of the respiratory bronchioles are lined by a simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium. The terminal portion of the respiratory bronchioles and the alveolar ducts are lined with simple squamous epithelium. Alveoli are lined by type I and II pneumocytes. Tracheal glands are present in the tela submucosa. The fibromusculocartilaginous tunic of the trachea consists of c‐shaped cartilage rings and the trachealis muscle. A lamina muscularis mucosa begins in the intrapulmonary portion of the principal bronchus and continues into the respiratory bronchioles. Bronchial glands are present in the propria submucosa and tela submucosa of the principal bronchi. The musculocartilaginous tunic is localized to the extrapulmonary portion of the principal bronchus. The bronchial cartilages are irregular shaped plates and limited to the extrapulmonary portion of the principal bronchus. The visceral pleura is a simple squamous mesothelium covering the outer surface of the lung.
Ten‐day sequential therapy is more effective than proton pump inhibitor‐based therapy in Korea: A prospective, randomized study
Authors: Oh Hong Sang , Lee Dong Ho , Seo Ji Yeon , Cho Yu Ri , Kim Nayoung , Jeoung Sook Hyang , Kim Jin Wook , Hwang Jin Hyeok , Park Young Soo , Lee Sang Hyub , Shin Cheol Min , Cho Hyun Jin , Jung Hyun Chae , Song In Sung 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground and Aims:  The eradication rate of proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has decreased, mainly due to increasing antibiotic resistance, especially against clarithromycin. It has been reported that a 10‐day sequential strategy can produce good outcomes. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the efficacy of sequential therapy as the first‐line treatment for the eradication of H. pylori in Korea.Methods:  A total of 116 patients with proven H. pylori infection received 10‐day sequential therapy (20 mg rabeprazole and 1 g amoxicillin, twice daily for the first 5 days, followed by 20 mg rabeprazole, 500 mg clarithromycin, and 500 mg metronidazole, twice daily for the remaining 5 days); 130 patients received 7‐day triple therapy (20 mg rabeprazole, 500 mg clarithromycin, and 1 g amoxicillin, twice daily for 7 days). Eradication was evaluated by the 13C‐urea breath test, 4 weeks after the completion of treatment. Compliance and adverse events were assessed.Results:  The eradication rates of 10‐day sequential therapy and PPI‐based triple therapy were 79.3% (92/116) and 63% (82/130) by intention‐to‐treat analysis, respectively (P = 0.005), and 81.9% (91/111) and 64.5% (82/127) by per protocol analysis, respectively (P = 0.003). Mild adverse events occurred in both therapy groups (27.5% vs 23.8%), but both treatments were well tolerated.Conclusion:  The eradication rate of the 10‐day sequential therapy regimen was significantly higher than that of PPI‐based triple therapy in the Korean population. Ten‐day sequential therapy might be effective as a first‐line treatment for H. pylori infection in Korea.
Guidelines for obstetrical practice in Japan: Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) and Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (JAOG) 2011 edition
Authors: Minakami Hisanori , Hiramatsu Yuji , Koresawa Mitsuhiko , Fujii Tomoyuki , Hamada Hiromi , Iitsuka Yoshinori , Ikeda Tomoaki , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Ishimoto Hitoshi , Itoh Hiroaki , Kanayama Naohiro , Kasuga Yoshio , Kawabata Masakiyo , Konishi Ikuo , Matsubara Shigeki , Matsuda Hideo , Murakoshi Takeshi , Ohkuchi Akihide , Okai Takashi , Saito Shigeru , Sakai Masato , Satoh Shoji , Sekizawa Akihiko , Suzuki Masaaki , Takahashi Tsuneo , Tokunaga Akiteru , Tsukahara Yuki , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2011

AbstractClinical guidelines for obstetrical practice were first published by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) and the Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (JAOG) in 2008, and a revised version was published in 2011. The aims of this publication include the determination of current standard care practices for pregnant women in Japan, the widespread use of standard care practices, the enhancement of safety in obstetrical practice, the reduction in burdens associated with medico‐legal and medico‐economical problems, and a better understanding between pregnant women and maternity‐service providers. These guidelines include a total of 87 Clinical Questions followed by several Answers (CQ&A), a Discussion, a List of References, and some Tables and Figures covering common problems and questions encountered in obstetrical practice. Each answer with a recommendation level of A, B or C has been prepared based principally on ‘evidence’ or a consensus among Japanese obstetricians in situations where ‘evidence’ is weak or lacking. Answers with a recommendation level of A or B represent current standard care practices in Japan. All 87 CQ&A are presented herein to promote a better understanding of the current standard care practices for pregnant women in Japan.
A randomized crossover comparison between the Laryngeal Mask Airway‐Unique™ and the air‐Q Intubating Laryngeal Airway in children*
Authors: Jagannathan Narasimhan , Sohn Lisa E. , Mankoo Ravinder , Langen Kenneth E. , Mandler Tessa 
Published: September 2011

SummaryObjectives:  The purpose of this randomized crossover study was to evaluate the feasibility of the air‐Q intubating laryngeal airway (ILA) in clinical practice when compared with the Laryngeal Mask Airway‐Unique™ (LMA‐U), the current standard of care for primary airway maintenance.Aim:  We hypothesized that the ILA would have better airway seal pressures and laryngeal alignment than the LMA‐U in anesthetized nonparalyzed children.Background:  The ILA is a newer supraglottic airway for children with design features that allow it to be used for primary airway maintenance and as a conduit for tracheal intubations.Methods:  Fifty healthy children, 6–36 months of age, 10–15 kg, who were scheduled for elective surgery in which the use of a size two LMA‐U and size 1.5 ILA would be appropriate for airway maintenance, were enrolled into this randomized crossover study. Primary outcome measures were airway leak pressures and fiberoptic grades of view. Secondary outcome measures included ease and time for successful insertion, incidence of gastric insufflation, ventilation parameters, and complications.Results:  There were no statistically significant differences in regard to the ease of device insertion, time to ventilation, gastric insufflation, and ventilation parameters between the ILA and the LMA‐U. All devices were successfully placed on the first attempt, and there were no instances of failure. There were statistically significant differences in the airway leak pressure between the ILA (19.0 ± 5.4 cmH2O) and the LMA‐U (16.1 ± 4.9 cmH2O), P = 0.001. There were also statistically significant differences in the fiberoptic grades of view between the ILA and LMA‐U, P = 0.004.Conclusions:  The ILA had higher airway leak pressures and superior fiberoptic grades of view when compared with the LMA‐U and can be a suitable alternative to the LMA‐U in children weighing 10–15 kg.
Concurrent clinical intraocular findings in horses with depigmented punctate chorioretinal foci
Authors: Mathes Rachel L. , Burdette Erin L. , Moore Phillip A. , Myrna Kathern E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective  To report concurrent clinical intraocular findings in horses with depigmented punctate chorioretinal foci and to document any correlation with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU).Procedure  Records of 131 horses (241 eyes) examined at the University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching hospital from 2001 to 2010 were reviewed with either clinically normal fundi or depigmented punctate chorioretinal foci in the absence of other fundic pathology. Data collected included patient signalment, concurrent clinical ocular findings and follow‐up information. Sex, presence of no other intraocular findings, presence of ERU, presence of cataracts, and presence of vitreal disease were compared between normal and foci groups using chi‐squared analysis. Age and length of follow‐up time were compared using a student’s t‐test.Results  Ninety‐one horses (167 eyes) with chorioretinal foci and forty horses (74 eyes) with clinically normal ocular fundi were examined. Fifty‐eight (64%) horses with chorioretinal foci and 20 (50%) horses with clinically normal fundi had a normal intraocular examination. There was no significant difference in any of the criteria examined between groups.Conclusions  Horses with depigmented punctate chorioretinal foci, in the absence of other fundic pathology, are not more likely to have intraocular disease or ERU than horses with clinically normal ocular fundi. These findings suggest that depigmented punctate fundic foci in horses are not indicative of or associated with ERU.
Cost‐analysis comparison of robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (RC) vs open RC
Authors: Lee Richard , Chughtai Bilal , Herman Michael , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Scherr Douglas S. 
Published: September 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The cost performance of RC has been studied in single institution series, each with its own particular clinical pathway and perioperative parameters. Given the relatively new technique, groups have reported different outcomes based on their unique experience. Most groups have demonstrated an increased materials cost associated with RC but a lower LOS.The study systematically examines and summarizes the cost performance data of RC vs. OC. It reviews all relevant studies and presents them in a succinct overview of the current peer‐reviewed literature.OBJECTIVETo systematically review and compare the economic burden of open radical cystectomy (ORC) vs robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy (RALRC) with pelvic lymph node dissection and urinary diversion.PATIENTS AND METHODSA Medline search was conducted to identify English language articles regarding RC with urinary diversion. The resulting articles were then further restricted by the terms ‘laparoscopic’, ‘robotic’, or ‘robotic‐assisted’.In all, three articles were identified.Data from each of these articles were then collected on cost performance in addition to relevant clinical variables, such as length of stay (LOS), operative duration, and complication rates.When possible, data were subdivided by ileal conduit (IC), continent cutaneous diversion (CCD), and orthotopic neobladder (ON) subgroups.Direct costs resulting from ORC or RALRC with accompanying hospitalization were identified. The indirect costs of complications were considered.RESULTSDespite an increased materials cost, RALRC was less expensive than ORC when the cost of complications was considered.RALRC was less expensive than ORC for IC and CCD, but the cost advantage deteriorated for ON.The largest cost drivers cited in the published data were LOS, operative durations, and daily hospitalizations costs.RALRC demonstrated shorter LOS compared with ORC, although this effect was insufficient to offset the increased cost of robotic surgery.Complications materially affected cost performance.CONCLUSIONSDespite an increased materials cost, RALRC can be more cost efficient than ORC as a treatment for bladder cancer when the impact of complications are considered.This effect is most pronounced for patients undergoing IC.
Current status of robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN)
Authors: Cha Eugene K. , Lee Daniel J. , Del Pizzo Joseph J. 
Published: September 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Nephron‐sparing surgery is now the gold standard for the treatment of small renal masses. Robotic partial nephrectomy represents an emerging minimally‐invasive option for nephron‐sparing surgery. Initial case series have described the evolution of technique and perioperative outcomes.This review summarizes recent case series regarding robotic partial nephrectomy and provides an analysis of studies comparing robotic partial nephrectomy to laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Exciting technical advances are centered around reducing ischemia time. Finally, future directions for robotic partial nephrectomy include options for cold ischemia, real‐time integration of radiographic imaging, and advancements in robotic technology.OBJECTIVE
Robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN) is a minimally invasive option for patients undergoing nephron‐sparing surgery (NSS). As the technique of RPN develops and matures, intraoperative and perioperative outcomes continue to be reported. In the current review, we discuss safety, efficacy, and recent technical advances in RPN.
METHODS
A Medline search using the keywords ‘partial nephrectomy’, ‘robotic partial nephrectomy’, ‘robot partial nephrectomy’, ‘robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy’, and ‘laparoscopic partial nephrectomy’ was conducted to identify original articles, review articles, and editorials on RPN.
RESULTS
There have been multiple recent retrospective studies comparing RPN with laparoscopic PN (LPN). These comparisons suggest a shorter learning curve for RPN and confirm the safety and feasibility of RPN, even for select complex renal masses.
Novel techniques have been developed in efforts to decrease warm ischaemia time. These include use of sliding‐clip renorrhaphy, selective renal parenchymal clamping, and ‘early unclamping’ or ‘no‐clamp’ techniques.
CONCLUSIONS
RPN appears to be a viable minimally invasive option for NSS. RPN may reduce some of the technical challenges associated with LPN, and thus, extend the potential benefits of minimally invasive NSS to a larger population.
Further studies of the long‐term renal functional outcomes and oncological efficacy of RPN are needed before fully advocating this technique.
Understanding issues associated with attending a young adult diabetes clinic: a case study
Authors: Snow R. , Fulop N. 
Published: September 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 257–259 (2012)AbstractAims  To study the reasons for attendance behaviour from the patient viewpoint at a young adult diabetes outpatient clinic.Methods  Attendance rates for 231 clinic appointments over 19 months for 102 patients were calculated. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 17 of the 102. The interviews encouraged participants to describe routines, thoughts and feelings around clinic appointments. Observations were made of the clinic system. Themes arising from patients’ emotional and practical issues around attendance were generated from the data.Results  ‘Did not attend’ rates for the clinic over the study period were 15.7%. However, bureaucratic problems created many ‘missed’ appointments; most instances of ‘did not attend’ investigated were attributable to communication failures. Participants did not divide neatly into ‘attenders’/’non‐attenders’; many had complex mixed attendance records. Most weighed the value of attendance against immediate obstacles such as incompatible work/clinic hours. Reminders were seen as important, particularly for this age group. Respondents identified fear of being judged for ‘poor control’ as a major factor in attendance decisions, suggesting that having a high HbA1c level may lead to non‐attendance, rather than vice versa.Conclusions  Health professionals’ supportive, non‐judgemental attitude is important to patients considering clinic attendance. In this study, improved communication, reminders and flexible hours might reduce ‘did not attend’ rates.
Self‐reported facilitators of, and impediments to maintenance of healthy lifestyle behaviours following a supervised research‐based lifestyle intervention programme in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wycherley T. P. , Mohr P. , Noakes M. , Clifton P. M. , Brinkworth G. D. 
Published: September 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 632–639 (2012)AbstractIntroduction  Sustainability of healthy lifestyle behaviours following participation in a research‐based supervised lifestyle intervention programme is often poor. This study aimed to document factors reported by overweight and obese individuals with Type 2 diabetes as enhancing or impeding sustainability of lifestyle behaviours following participation in such a programme.Methods  Thirty patients who completed a 16‐week research‐based supervised lifestyle intervention programme, incorporating a structured energy restricted diet with or without supervised resistance‐exercise training underwent a semi‐structured qualitative interview about their experiences in maintaining programme components after 1 year.Results  Participants maintained 8.8 ± 8.9 kg of the 13.9 ± 6.6 kg weight loss achieved with the research‐based supervised lifestyle intervention programme. Only 23% of participants indicated continuation of the complete diet programme. Desire for ‘variety’ (33%) and increased portion size (27%) were the most commonly reported reasons for discontinuation. Participants who undertook supervised exercise training during the programme indicated access to appropriate programmes/facilities (38%), more affordable gym membership (21%) and having a personal trainer/motivator (17%) would have facilitated exercise continuation.Conclusion  In overweight and obese individuals with Type 2 diabetes, success of the research‐based supervised lifestyle intervention programme was perceived as being primarily due to high levels of professional support and supervision, the discontinuation of which subsequently presented difficulties. The interview data provide insight into what people experience following the completion of a research‐based intensive lifestyle intervention programme and suggest that programmes assembled for research purposes with the emphasis on compliance may not necessarily promote sustainable change.
Sulfoglucuronosyl paragloboside promotes endothelial cell apoptosis in inflammation: elucidation of a novel glycosphingolipid‐signaling pathway
Authors: Dasgupta Somsankar , Wang Guanghu , Yu Robert K. 
Published: September 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 119, 749–759.AbstractSulfoglucuronosyl paragloboside (SGPG), a minor glycosphingolipid of endothelial cells, is a ligand for L‐selectin and has been implicated in neuro‐inflammatory diseases, such as Guillian‐Barré syndrome. Inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα and IL‐1β, up‐regulate SGPG expression by stimulating gene expression for glucuronosyltransferases, both P and S forms (GlcATp and GlcATs), and the human natural killer antigen (HNK‐1) sulfotransferase (HNK‐1 ST). Transfection of a human cerebromicrovascular endothelial cell (SV‐HCEC) line with HNK‐1 ST siRNA down‐regulated SGPG expression, inhibited cytokine‐stimulated T‐cell adhesion, and offered protection against apoptosis. However, the precise mechanisms of SGPG elevation in endothelial cell apoptosis and the maintenance of blood–brain or blood–nerve barrier integrity in inflammation have not been elucidated. Blocking SGPG expression inhibited cytokine‐mediated stimulation of NF‐κB activity but stimulated MAP kinase activity. Furthermore, elevation of SGPG by over‐expression of GlcATp and GlcATs triggered endothelial cell apoptosis, with GlcATs being more potent than GlcATp. Although SGPG‐mediated endothelial cell apoptosis was preceded by inhibiting the intracellular NF‐κB activity, interfering with Akt and ERK activation and stimulating caspase 3 in SV‐HCECs, HNK‐1ST siRNA transfection also interfered with IκB phosphorylation but stimulated ERK activation. Our data indicate that SGPG is a critical regulatory molecule for maintaining endothelial cell survival and blood–brain or blood–nerve barrier function.
Birth Cohort Effects and Gender Differences in Alcohol Epidemiology: A Review and Synthesis
Authors: Keyes Katherine M. , Li Guohua , Hasin Deborah S. 
Published: September 2011

Background: Alcohol consumption has demonstrated substantial temporal trends, with some evidence suggesting strong birth cohort effects. The identification of at‐risk birth cohorts can inform the interpretation of alcohol trends across age, time, and demographic characteristics such as gender. The present literature review has 2 objectives. First, we conduct a cross‐national review of the literature on birth cohort differences in alcohol consumption, disorder, and mortality. Second, we determine the consistency of evidence for birth cohort effects on gender differences.Methods: A search was conducted and key data on population characteristics, presence and direction of cohort effects, and interactions with gender compiled. Thirty‐one articles were included.Results: Evidence suggests that younger birth cohorts in North America, especially those born after World War II, are more likely than older cohorts to engage in heavy episodic drinking and develop alcohol disorders, but this cohort effect is not found in Australia and western Europe. Cross‐nationally, substantial evidence indicates that women in younger cohorts are at especially high risk for heavy episodic drinking and alcohol disorders.Discussion: Younger birth cohorts in North America and Europe are engaging in more episodic and problem drinking. The gender gap in alcohol problems is narrowing in many countries, suggesting shifting social norms surrounding gender and alcohol consumption. These trends suggest that public health efforts to specifically target heavy drinking in women are necessary.