bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: multimodality imaging and histopathologic assessment
Authors: Choi Bo Bae , Shu Kwang Sun 
Published: November 2011

Background Metaplastic carcinomas are ductal carcinomas that display metaplastic transformation of the glandular epithelium to non-glandular mesenchymal tissue. Metaplastic carcinoma has a poorer prognosis than most other breast cancers, so the differential diagnosis is important. Although many clinical and pathologic findings have been reported, to our knowledge, few imaging findings related to metaplastic carcinoma have been reported. Purpose To investigate whole-breast imaging findings, including mammography, sonography, MRI, and pathologic findings, including immunohistochemical studies of metaplastic carcinomas of the breast. Material and Methods We analyzed 33 cases of metaplastic carcinoma between January 2001 and January 2011. Mammography, ultrasonography, and MRI were recorded retrospectively using the American College of Radiology (ACR) breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) lexicon. Immunohistochemical studies of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), p53, and C-erbB-2 were performed. Results The most common mammographic findings were oval shape (37%), circumscribed margin (59%), and high density (74%). The most common sonographic findings were irregular shape (59.4%), microlobulated margin (41%), complex echogenicity (81%), parallel orientation (97%), and posterior acoustic enhancement (50%). Axillary lymph node metastases were noted for 25% of the sonographic examinations. On MRI, the most common findings of margin and shape were irregularity (57% and 52.4%, respectively). High signal intensity was the most common finding on T2-weighted images (57%). Immunohistochemical profile was negative for ER (91%, 29/32) and PR (81%, 26/32). Conclusion Metaplastic carcinomas might display more benign features and less axillary lymph node metastasis than IDC. High signal intensity on T2 MRI images and hormone receptor negativity would be helpful in differentiating this tumor from other breast cancers.
HIV-1 clade a infection and viral control: an immunological perspective on a case of underquantification
Authors: Westrop S J , Jackson A , Gazzard B , Imami N 
Published: November 2011

Summary Although a vast majority of HIV-1 -positive patients in the UK are infected with clade B virus, a large number of newly diagnosed cases of heterosexually transmitted HIV-1 are acquired abroad, in countries where non-B clade HIV-1 predominates. Since the development of the viral load assay in 1988, assessment of HIV-1 plasma viraemia has become an integral part of HIV clinical care; however, the contemporary viral load assay was developed and optimized for clade B HIV-1. Here we report the underquantification of viraemia in an individual infected with clade A virus, and the consequent initial classification of the patient as an HIV controller (HIC). Immunological investigations of interferon (IFN)-γ and lymphoproliferative responses to HIV-1 clade B antigens and peptides, in parallel with mitogenic stimulation, were performed. Subsequent comparison with responses observed within clade B-infected HIC led to viral sequencing, confirmation of infecting clade and recommendation of antiretroviral therapy initiation. We emphasize the growing need for awareness of possible limitations of the commonly used viral load assays, which cannot be relied upon unreservedly in a clinical setting. Furthermore, this case highlights the increasing need for more detailed investigation into both viral genetics and fitness when defining patients as HIC.
An evaluation of the early effects of a combination antiretroviral therapy programme on the management of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Mosam A , Uldrick T S , Shaik F , Carrara H , Aboobaker J , Coovadia H 
Published: November 2011

Summary Roll-out of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in South Africa should impact on AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Government provision began in 2003, with 23% coverage for World Health Organization (WHO) stage IVAIDS in 2006. To assess the effect of cART availability on KS management, we evaluated records from 701 KS patients seen at a tertiary oncology centre in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, from 1995 to 2006. Associations between cART use and measures of KS care were evaluated. cART availability was 0% prior to 2001, 9.6% (2001-2003) and 44% (2004-2006). Documentation of HIV status increased incrementally from 65% to 92%. cART was associated with chemotherapy administration: 56% on cART versus 17% not on cART (P < 0.001); and less loss to follow-up, 13% on cART versus 38% not on cART (P < 0.001). cART availability improves the care of AIDS-associated KS. Further increases in cART availability for this population are needed in South Africa.
Sexual health of transgender sex workers attending an inner-city genitourinary medicine clinic
Authors: Hill S C , Daniel J , Benzie A , Ayres J , King G , Smith A 
Published: November 2011

Summary Previous studies have reported high HIV prevalence among transgender sex workers (TSWs). We performed a retrospective case-note review of known TSWs attending our unit. In all, 16/24 (66.7%) of patients were diagnosed with at least one sexually transmitted infection (STI) and 7/24 (29.2%) reported intentional unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse, which may explain the high prevalence of HIV in our cohort (37.5%). TSWs disclosed high rates of substance misuse, violence and sexual assault, which may also contribute to the increased prevalence of STI in this group.
Microscopy for symptomatic men: not all symptoms are born equal
Authors: Lascar R M , Foo A S , Jungmann E 
Published: November 2011

Summary We reviewed microscopy results for symptomatic male patients in order to identify clinical correlates of urethritis as diagnosed by same-day microscopy. Higher polymorph counts were found in patients presenting with discharge, or discharge together with dysuria, but dysuria without discharge was strongly associated with negative urethral microscopy. Symptoms were strongly linked to microscopy outcome but partnerships were not linked to either symptoms or outcome.
Compression stockings with moderate pressure are able to reduce chronic leg oedema
Authors: Mosti G , Picerni P , Partsch H 
Published: November 2011

Aim To compare the efficacy of compression stockings and inelastic, high-pressure bandages concerning leg volume reduction in patients with chronic leg oedema. Material and methods Forty-two legs of 30 patients with chronic leg oedema caused by venous stasis were randomized to receive a strong inelastic bandage (IB) or an elastic stocking (ES) exerting a pressure of 23–32 mmHg. Changes in leg oedema were assessed after two and seven days by water displacement volumetry, measurements of leg circumferences and of skin thickness by using Duplex ultrasound. Interface pressure was registered under the compression devices for seven days. Results There was no significant difference between stockings and bandages, which both produced a significant reduction in leg volume after two days (−9.6% [95% CI 7.5–11.8] by ES and −11.5% [95% CI 9.9–13.2%] by IB) and after seven days (−13.2% [95% CI 10.4–16.2] by ES and −15.6% [95% CI 12.8–18.4] by IB). Bandages showed a more pronounced reduction in leg circumference and in skin thickness in the calf region. The pressure of IB in the lying position fell from initially 63 to 22 mmHg after two days, but only from 33 to 26 mmHg under ES (median values). The optimal pressure range concerning oedema reduction was found between 40 and 60 mmHg, while higher pressures produced by bandages showed a negative correlation with volume reduction. Conclusions Compression stockings exerting a pressure of around 30 mmHg are nearly as effective as high-pressure bandages with an initial pressure over 60 mmHg in reducing chronic leg oedema.
Pulmonary Histologic Changes in Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Dyhdalo Kathryn , Farver Carol 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Marfan syndrome is one of the most common connective tissue diseases and may manifest with a range of symptoms and pathologic changes. We present a retrospective series of 5 cases of patients with Marfan syndrome and pulmonary pathology. Patients were young to middle-aged adults with absent or minimal smoking histories and absent to severe clinical pulmonary symptoms. Tissue specimens were obtained from the surgical pathology and autopsy services. Histologic examination revealed a consistent pattern of distal acinar emphysema in all patients. Comparisons are made with other cystic-type diseases of the lung that may histologically mimic this pattern. This is the largest contemporary series of histologic pulmonary involvement of Marfan syndrome and the first to describe this pattern of pulmonary changes in this patient population.
Polyglutamine tracts as modulators of transcriptional activation from yeast to mammals
Authors: Atanesyan Lilit , Günther Viola , Dichtl Bernhard , Georgiev Oleg , Schaffner Walter 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Microsatellite repeats are genetically unstable and subject to expansion and shrinkage. A subset of them, triplet repeats, can occur within the coding region and specify homomeric tracts of amino acids. Polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts are enriched in eukaryotic regulatory proteins, notably transcription factors, and we had shown before that they can contribute to transcriptional activation in mammalian cells. Here we generalize this finding by also including evolutionarily divergent organisms, namely, Drosophila and baker’s yeast. In all three systems, Gal4-based model transcription factors were more active if they harbored a polyQ tract, and the activity depended on the length of the tract. By contrast, a polyserine tract was inactive. PolyQs acted from either an internal or a C-terminal position, thus ruling out a merely structural ‘linker’ effect. Finally, a two-hybrid assay in mammalian cells showed that polyQ tracts can interact with each other, supporting the concept that a polyQ-containing transcription factor can recruit other factors with polyQ tracts or glutamine-rich activation domains. The widespread occurrence of polyQ repeats in regu­latory proteins suggests a beneficial role; in addition to the contribution to transcriptional activity, their genetic instability might help a species to adapt to changing environmental conditions in a potentially reversible manner.
Shaped hemocompatible aerogels from cellulose phosphates: preparation and properties
Authors: Liebner Falk , Dunareanu Ramona , Opietnik Martina , Haimer Emmerich , Wendland Martin , Werner Carsten , Maitz Manfred , Seib Philipp , Neouze Marie-Alexandra , Potthast Antje , Rosenau Thomas 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Hemocompatible, shaped cellulose phosphate aerogels were obtained from phosphorylated cellulosic pulps of low degree of phosphorylation (DSP≤0.20) by dissolution in stabilized NMMO×H2O, shaping, reprecipitation with ethanol and subsequent scCO2 drying. The novel aerogels were found to be promising materials for cell scaffolding and bone grafting. Special features include their interconnected and spread porosity, highly porous surface and microstructure, good hemocompatibility, and suitable hydroxyl apatite-binding environment. Adsorption of Ca2+ ions to the phosphate groups did not invert the negative inflammatory response observed after phosphorylating cellulose, but increased platelet-dependent parameters of hemostasis.
Ultrastructural evaluation of compression wood-like properties of common juniper (Juniperus communis L.)
Authors: Hänninen Tuomas , Tukiainen Pekka , Svedström Kirsi , Serimaa Ritva , Saranpää Pekka , Kontturi Eero , Hughes Mark , Vuorinen Tapani 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTo date, very little is known about the ultrastructure of common juniper,Juniperus communisL (juniper). In this study, the mechanical properties of juniper, its chemistry and ultrastructure has been analyzed. The data are presented in comparison to the normal wood (NW) and compression wood (CW) of spruce. Helical grooves, which are a characteristic of CW, were clearly visible in micrographs of juniper. The angle of the grooves with respect to the fiber axis was ca. 40°, which correlates with the microfibril angle determined by X-ray diffraction. Data from 4-point bending tests show that juniper and spruce CW exhibited similar behavior. The elastic moduli of both species were only ca. half from that of NW spruce. The composition of juniper fibers resembled that of CW fiber with respect to high lignin and hemicelluloses contents. However, the galactose content in CW of juniper was low and in CW of spruce was high. Raman imaging clearly revealed that the lignin/cellulose ratio in the fiber cell wall of juniper was similar to that of NW spruce.
Reduction of formaldehyde emission from light MDF panels by adding chestnut shell flour
Authors: Ayrilmis Nadir , Kaymakci Alperen 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) emission, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin-bonded light medium density fiberboards (MDFs) made of mixtures of hardwood fiber (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) shell flour have been evaluated. Six panel types were made of mixtures of the wood fiber and chestnut shell with ratios of 10/0, 9/1, 8/2, 7/3, 6/4, and 5/5 (by weight). FA emissions from the panels were significantly decreased with increasing content of the chestnut shell flour (CSF). However, the dimensional stability, the flexural properties, and the internal bond strength were negatively affected by increasing content of the shell flour. The FA reduction can be mainly attributed to a high amount of the phenolic extractives in the chestnut shell. Chestnut shell has a high potential as an effective FA scavenger in the manufacture of UF resin-bonded wood-based panels if optimized properly.
Alloying-Driven Phase Stability in Group-VB Transition Metals under Compression
Authors: Landa Alexander , Söderlind Per 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe change in phase stability of Group-VB (V, Nb, and Ta) transition metals due to pressure and alloying is explored by means of first-principles electronic-structure calculations. It is shown that under compression stabilization or destabilization of the ground-state body-centered cubic (bcc) phase of the metal is mainly dictated by the band-structure energy that correlates well with the position of the Kohn anomaly in the transverse acoustic phonon mode. The predicted position of the Kohn anomaly in V, Nb, and Ta is found to be in a good agreement with data from the inelastic x-ray or neutron scattering measurements. In the case of alloying the change in phase stability is defined by the interplay between the band-structure and Madelung energies. We show that band-structure effects determine phase stability when a particular Group-VB metal is alloyed with its nearest neighbors within the same d-transition series: the neighbor with less and more d electrons destabilize and stabilize the bcc phase, respectively. When V is alloyed with neighbors of a higher (4d- or 5d-) transition series, both electrostatic Madelung and band-structure energies stabilize the body-centered-cubic phase. The opposite effect (destabilization) happens when Nb or Ta is alloyed with neighbors of the 3d-transition series.
Double‐Masked Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effect of a Triclosan/Copolymer Dentifrice on Periodontal Healing After One‐Stage Full‐Mouth Debridement
Authors: Pera Claudia , Ueda Paulo , Viana Casarin Renato Corrêa , Ribeiro Fernanda Vieira , Pimentel Suzana Peres , Casati Márcio Zaffalon , Cirano Fabiano Ribeiro 
Published: November 2011

Background: This study evaluates the effect of triclosan/copolymer dentifrice on the 6‐month clinical response of patients with generalized severe chronic periodontitis (GSCP) treated with one‐stage, full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement (FMUD).Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed with GSCP (≥8 teeth presenting probing depth [PD] ≥5 mm and bleeding on probing [BOP]) were selected and randomly allocated to a control group (n = 15) subjected to FMUD and daily use of a placebo dentifrice or to a test group (n = 15) subjected to FMUD and daily use of a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice. Patients were analyzed for the following parameters: full‐mouth plaque index (FMPI), full‐mouth BOP score (FMBS), gingival recession, PD, and clinical attachment level (CAL). Patients were evaluated at 3 and 6 months by a calibrated and masked examiner.Results: Initially, the groups presented similar periodontal conditions, with no significant differences in any of the parameters evaluated (P >0.05). In both groups, improvements in all periodontal parameters (P <0.05) were seen at the completion of the experimental period. Additionally, the test group showed lower FMPI (3 months) and FMBS (3 and 6 months) than the control group (P <0.05). Moreover, the CAL gain was significantly greater in the test group, especially at initially deep pockets (PD ≤7 mm). Whereas in the control group the CAL gain in deep pockets was 2.7 ± 0.6 mm, in the test group the CAL gain was 3.6 ± 1.4 mm (P <0.05).Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, the use of triclosan/copolymer dentifrice promoted additional clinical benefits in the treatment of GSCP treated by one‐stage FMUD.
Clinical and Microbiologic Effects of Commercially Available Dentifrice Containing Aloe Vera: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Pradeep A.R. , Agarwal Esha , Naik Savitha B. 
Published: November 2011

Background: Certain plants used in folk medicine serve as a source of therapeutic agents that have antimicrobial and other multipotential effects. This prospective, randomized, placebo, and positively controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic effects of a commercially available dentifrice containing aloe vera on the reduction of plaque and gingival inflammation in patients with gingivitis.Methods: Ninety patients diagnosed with chronic generalized gingivitis were selected and randomly divided into three groups: group 1, placebo toothpaste; group 2, toothpaste containing aloe vera; and group 3, toothpaste with polymer and fluoride containing triclosan. Clinical evaluation was undertaken using a gingival index, plaque was assessed using a modification of the Quigley‐Hein index, and microbiologic counts were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. A subjective evaluation was also undertaken by questionnaire.Results: Toothpaste containing aloe vera showed significant improvement in gingival and plaque index scores as well as microbiologic counts compared with placebo dentifrice. These improvements were comparable to those achieved with toothpaste containing triclosan.Conclusion: Toothpaste containing aloe vera may be a useful herbal formulation for chemical plaque control agents and improvement in plaque and gingival status.
A Novel Intraoral Diabetes Screening Approach in Periodontal Patients: Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Strauss Shiela M. , Tuthill Janet , Singh Geetika , Rindskopf David , Maggiore Jack A. , Schoor Robert , Brodsky Anya , Einhorn Adi , Hochstein Amanda , Russell Stefanie , Rosedale Mary 
Published: November 2011

Background: This pilot study examines whether a novel diabetes screening approach using gingival crevicular blood (GCB) could be used to test for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) during periodontal visits.Methods: Finger‐stick blood (FSB) samples from 120 patients and GCB samples from those patients with adequate bleeding on probing (BOP) were collected on special blood collection cards and analyzed for HbA1c levels in a laboratory. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure correlation between FSB and GCB HbA1c values for 75 paired FSB and GCB samples. A receiver–operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to determine an optimal GCB HbA1c criterion value for a positive diabetes screen.Results: For the 75 paired samples, the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.842. The ROC analysis identified a criterion value of 6.3% for the GCB HbA1c test with high sensitivity (0.933) and high specificity (0.900), corresponding to FSB HbA1c values ≥6.5% (in the diabetes range). Using this GCB HbA1c criterion value for 27 additional paired samples, in which there was an unidentified component observed to coelute within the elution window of GCB HbA1c in the laboratory, there was agreement between FSB and GCB values for 24 of the pairs according to whether both were within or outside of the diabetes range.Conclusion: Using a criterion value of 6.3%, GCB samples are acceptable for HbA1c testing to screen for diabetes in most persons with BOP at the GCB collection site.
Fluid Viscosity-Residual Entropy Correlation
Authors: Novak Lawrence T. 
Published: November 2011

Chemical reaction engineering, process engineering, and product engineering models are used for design and analysis. Often, transport coefficient models are needed in equipment and in-situ models to account for the importance of momentum, heat, and mass transfer. Previous work+ demonstrated a novel component-based reference equation of state approach for correlating self-diffusion coefficient and viscosity over the entire fluid region (liquid, gas, and critical fluid). In this paper, a segment-based approach is used to extend the previous work+ from a limited number of individual component correlations to a predictive fluid viscosity correlation for a class of components consisting of n-alkanes, up to 1300 molecular weight, covering a wide range of components, temperatures, and pressures.
A scaled segment viscosity-segment residual entropy correlation (V-S model) was introduced and evaluated here. PC-SAFT segment parameters and residual entropy were used in a correlation model linking viscosity to the PC-SAFT equation of state. Experimental evaluation of this V-S model used 3122 data points for eighteen n-alkanes, ranging from methane up to 2390 molecular weight linear polyethylene. Temperatures ranged from 96 °K to 650 °K, and pressures ranged from 10-4 atmospheres to 4990 atmospheres. The conditions studied are relevant to oil and gas reservoir engineering and other in-situ processes.
Based on this work, covering the entire fluid region, the V-S model was found to result in a group correlation squared (R2) of -0.998 and group average absolute deviation (AAD) of 3.9%. Individual viscosity segment correlation parameters (Bseg and Aseg) were fitted to molecular weight and used in the predictive mode. In the predictive mode, a group AAD of 6.7% was obtained for n-alkanes from methane up to 1300 molecular weight linear polyethylene, over the entire fluid region.
The scaled segment viscosity-segment residual entropy model introduced here has potential for a much broader range of applications. In addition, this model would be easy to embed in existing in-house and commercial simulators to provide predictive properties and rate-based modeling capability. + Novak, http://www.bepress.com/ijcre/vol9/A63