bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma originating in the subglottic larynx: A case report with imm unohistochemical study
Authors: Asadi Mahboobe , Elyasi Milad , Shahzamani Arvin , Miri Saeedeh 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageLaryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas are the most common non‐squamous neoplasm of the larynx. Due to the rarity of the tumor, pathological diagnosis should be confirmed by immunohistochemistry.AbstractLaryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas (LNECs) are a rare cancer of the head and neck. Few case reports of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma originating in the subglottic larynx exist within the literature. In this case, we discuss a 57‐year‐old patient with a history of four‐month hoarseness with a newly diagnosed of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma in the subglottic larynx. Treatment and prognosis of the various NEC groups differ, so precise identification requires consideration of the microscopic findings and immunostaining analysis. immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated positive result for cytokeratin 7, synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD 56, with the Ki‐67 index of45%. Although surgery is usually the treatment for all tumor types, chemo radiotherapy is recommended for poorly differentiated NECs because surgery is ineffective.
Sore throat, fever, and pancytopenia during winter
Authors: Gard Jye , Howell Amy , Boubeta Claudia , Corcoran Hannah , Bell Fiona , McMahon Kathryn 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageCare must be taken to mitigate the effect of cognitive bias in times of frequent common presentations. The etiology of bicytopenias and pancytopenias must always be carefully investigated. Blast cells in low count B ALL may not be seen on a peripheral smear and diagnosis often requires confirmational bone marrow aspirate with flow cytometry and molecular typing.
Challenges and Advances in Wide‐Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hong Zixin , Tian Hui , Fang Zhenhan , Luo Yufeng , Wu Hengcai , Zhao Fei , Li Qunqing , Fan Shoushan , Wang Jiaping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have gained widespread attention due to their numerous advantages, including high energy density, prolonged cycle life, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, their electrochemical performance deteriorates rapidly under extreme temperature conditions, accompanied by a series of safety issues. Electrolyte optimization has emerged as a crucial and feasible strategy to expand the operational temperature range of LIBs. This review comprehensively summarizes the challenges, advances, and characterization methodologies of electrolytes at both subzero and elevated temperatures. Initially, it discusses the degradation mechanisms of different types of electrolytes at extreme temperatures, integrates recent advances, and offers insights into future research directions. Subsequently, various experimental techniques are systematically presented to evaluate the fundamental physical properties, stability, and dynamic behaviors of electrolytes in non‐ambient environments. Finally, it also provides relevant computational methods across the electronic, molecular, and macroscopic scales, and explores the application of high‐throughput techniques in this field. This review offers valuable guidance for breaking the working temperature limits of electrolytes and promoting the development of next‐generation LIBs.
Pronounced Self‐Induced Diastereomeric Anisochronism in Anisidine Amino Acid Diamides
Authors: Menke Jan‐Michael , Trapp Oliver 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe emergent properties resulting from selective supramolecular interactions are of significant importance for materials and chemical systems. For the directed use of such properties, a fundamental understanding of the interaction mechanism and the resulting mode of function is necessary for a tailored design. The self‐induced diastereomeric anisochronism effect (SIDA), which occurs in the intermolecular interaction of chiral molecules, generates unique properties such as chiral self‐recognition and nonlinear effects. Here we show that anisidine amino acid diamides lead to extraordinary signal splitting in NMR spectra through supramolecular interaction and homochiral self‐recognition. By systematic experiments we have investigated the underlying SIDA effect, explored its limits and finally successfully utilized it in the determination of enantiomeric ratios by NMR spectroscopy of chiral ‘SIDA‐inactive’ compounds such as thalidomide.
Efficient Blue Photo‐ and Electroluminescence from CF3‐Decorated Cu(I) Complexes
Authors: Li Ruoyan , Ying Ao , Tan Yao , Ai Yuhan , Gong Shaolong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLuminescent organometallic complexes of earth‐abundant copper(I) have long been studied in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED). Particularly, Cu(I)‐based carbene‐metal‐amide (CMA) complexes have recently emerged as promising organometallic emitters. However, blue‐emitting Cu(I) CMA complexes have been rarely reported. Here we constructed two blue‐emitting Cu(I) CMA emitters, MAC*‐Cu‐CF3Cz and MAC*‐Cu‐2CF3Cz, by introducing one or two CF3 substitutes into carbazole ligands. Both complexes exhibited high thermal stability and blue emission colors. Moreover, two complexes exhibited different emission origins rooting from different donor ligands: a distinct thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer excited states for MAC*‐Cu‐CF3Cz or a dominant phosphorescence nature from local triplet excited state of the carbazole ligand for MAC*‐Cu‐2CF3Cz. Inspiringly, MAC*‐Cu‐CF3Cz had high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 94 % and short emission lifetimes of down to 1.2 μs in doped films, accompanied by relatively high radiative rates in the 105 s−1 order. The resultant vacuum‐deposited OLEDs based on MAC*‐Cu‐CF3Cz delivered pure‐blue electroluminescence at 462 nm together with a high external quantum efficiency of 13.0 %.
Afterglow Performance of Phenylenevinylene‐Based Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles Doped with Photosensitizers Containing Electron‐Withdrawing Groups
Authors: Shi Ting‐Jiao , Wang Dong‐Hui , Zhao Xu , Chen Li‐Jian , Yan Xiu‐Ping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt is usually believed that doping with photosensitizers capable of generating singlet oxygen (1O2) plays a pivotal role in enhancing the afterglow performance of semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs). However, the effect of doping photosensitizer bearing electron‐withdrawing groups has not been reported. Here we report the effect of doping with six photosensitizers possessing different electron‐withdrawing groups on the afterglow performance of SPNs using poly[(9,9‐di(2‐ethylhexyl)‐9H‐fluo‐rene‐2,7‐vinylene)‐co‐(1‐methoxy‐4‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐2,5‐phenylenevinylene)] (PF‐MEHPPV) as substrate. It was found that the afterglow performance of SPNs was significantly influenced by doping with photosensitizers bearing electron‐withdrawing groups. For the doped photosensitizers with strong electron‐withdrawing groups, the stronger the electron‐withdrawing ability of the group, the worse of the afterglow performance of the SPN regardless of the 1O2 generation ability of the photosensitizer. When the doped photosensitizer exhibited weak or none electron‐withdrawing effect, the 1O2 generation ability of the photosensitizer played a dominant role on the afterglow performance of the SPNs. This work deepens the understanding of the design and synthesis of SPNs with different afterglow properties.
Overcrowded 14,14′‐Bidibenzo[a,j]anthracenes: Challenges in Syntheses and Atypical Property of Lacking Symmetry‐Breaking Charge Transfer (SBCT)
Authors: Pan Ming‐Lun , Hsu Chao‐Hsien , Lin Yan‐Ding , Chen Bo‐Han , Lu Chih‐Hsuan , Yang Shang‐Da , Chou Pi‐Tai , Wu Yao‐Ting 
Published: April 2024

Abstract14,14′‐Bidibenzo[a,j]anthracenes (BDBAs) were prepared by iridium‐catalyzed annulation of 5,5′‐biterphenylene with alkynes. The molecular geometries of overcrowded BDBAs were verified by X‐ray crystallography. The two dibenzo[a,j]anthryl moieties are connected through the sterically hindered 14 positions, resulting in highly distorted molecular halves. The conformation with a small twist angle between two molecular halves can minimize steric conflicts between the substituents at 1 and 13 positions and the carbon atoms of the central axis, as well as steric clashes between those substituents. One such example is octafluoro‐substituted BDBA, where the interplanar angle between two anthryl moieties is approximately 31° (currently the lowest reported value, cf. 81° in 9,9′‐bianthracene). The intramolecular interactions and electronic couplings between two molecular halves resulted in upfield 1H NMR signals, redshifted absorption and emission bands, and a reduced HOMO–LUMO gap. Photodynamic investigations on BDBAs indicated that the formation of the conventional symmetry‐breaking charge transfer (SBCT) state was suspended by restricted rocking around the central C−C bond. Such a mechanism associated with this highly constrained conformation was examined for the first time.
Structural Basis of Conformational Dynamics in the PROTAC‐Induced Protein Degradation
Authors: Zhao Hongtao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPronounced conformational dynamics is unveiled upon analyzing multiple crystal structures of the same proteins recruited to the same E3 ligases by PROTACs, and yet, is largely permissive for targeted protein degradation due to the intrinsic mobility of E3 assemblies creating a large ubiquitylation zone. Mathematical modelling of ternary dynamics on ubiquitylation probability confirms the experimental finding that ternary complex rigidification need not correlate with enhanced protein degradation. Salt bridges are found to prevail in the PROTAC‐induced ternary complexes, and may contribute to a positive cooperativity and prolonged half‐life. The analysis highlights the importance of presenting lysines close to the active site of the E2 enzyme while constraining ternary dynamics in PROTAC design to achieve high degradation efficiency.
SnO2/Au Microelectromechanical Systems Modified by Oxygen Vacancies for Enhanced Sensing of Dioctyl Phthalate
Authors: Chen Xue , Wang Danyang , Xu Menghan , Jia Rongrong , Yu Dongqi , Huang Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDioctyl phthalate (DOP) serves as a characteristic gas utilized in early electrical fire detection, its detection offers promising prospects for the prevention of electrical fires. In this study, we employed a modified photodeposition method to prepare Tin dioxide (SnO2) materials co‐modified with Au and oxygen vacancies. Subsequently, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gas sensor for DOP detection were fabricated, utilizing 0.5 %Au/SnO2−I as the sensing material. Characterization results reveal the presence of abundant oxygen vacancies in 0.5 %Au/SnO2−I. The synergistic interplay of Au and oxygen vacancies resulted in a remarkable response of 9.98 to 20 ppm of DOP at operational temperature of 250 °C. This represents a significant 96 % enhancement in comparison to the response value of 4.50 exhibited by pure SnO2 at 300 °C. Notably, this gas sensor boasts low power consumption and demonstrates a quick response in the detection of overheating polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cables under simulated conditions.
The stability and acceptance of the “system of competency‐based curriculum design” framework: Perspectives of teachers
Authors: Lin Hsiao‐Fang , Lu Hsiu‐Lien , Lin Mei‐Jiun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe “System of Competency‐Based Curriculum Design” (SCCD) framework was developed to meet the requirement for reform in competency‐based education and overcome the limitations of Understanding by Design (UbD). This comprehensive framework, incorporating knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values, aligns with competency ingredients as defined by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and integrates diverse curriculum theories. It provides educators with clear steps and empowers them to make iterative calibration while designing units/courses, ensuring a dynamic and responsive approach to curriculum development. To assess the stability and acceptance of the SCCD framework, a research instrument was developed, encompassing five stability subscales with a total of 25 items and an additional acceptance subscale featuring five items. A total of 455 participants who participated in SCCD training workshops were involved in the study. The research outcomes affirm the robustness of its theoretical foundation. Additionally, the unequivocal endorsement of its concept by teachers from diverse backgrounds serves as further validation of its integrity. The study concludes with recommendations derived from the obtained results.
Direct Synthesis of Monofluoromethylthioesters from Acyl Chlorides with Elemental Sulfur and Fluoroiodomethane
Authors: Hu Chen‐Chen , Zhang Yu‐Yang , Fang Zeguo , Qing Feng‐Ling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe report an unprecedented Ni‐catalyzed direct monofluoromethylthiolation of acyl chlorides, in situ generated from carboxylic acids, with elemental sulfur (S8) as the S source and fluoroiodomethane (ICH2F) as the CH2F radical source to produce a series of monofluoromethylthioesters in moderate to good yields. This approach features excellent functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Additionally, the late‐stage monofluoromethylthiolation of complex bioactive molecules can also be accomplished using this method.
Epidemiology of prehospital emergency calls according to patient transport decision in a middle eastern emergency care environment: Retrospective cohort‐based
Authors: Farhat Hassan , Alinier Guillaume , El Aifa Kawther , Makhlouf Ahmed , Gangaram Padarath , Howland Ian , Jones Andre , Abid Cyrine , Khenissi Mohamed Chaker , Howard Ian , Khadhraoui Moncef , Castle Nicholas , Al Shaikh Loua , Laughton James , Gargouri Imed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThough emergency medical services (EMS) respond to all types of emergency calls, they do not always result in the patient being transported to the hospital. This study aimed to explore the determinants influencing emergency call‐response‐based conveyance decisions in a Middle Eastern ambulance service.MethodsThis retrospective quantitative analysis of 93,712 emergency calls to the Hamad Medical Corporation Ambulance Service (HMCAS) between January 1 and May 31, 2023, obtained from the HMCAS electronic system, was analyzed to determine pertinent variables. Sociodemographic, emergency dispatch‐related, clinical, and miscellaneous predictors were analyzed. Descriptive, bivariate, ridge logistic regression, and combination analyses were evaluated.Results23.95% (N = 21,194) and 76.05% (N = 67,285) resulted in patient nontransport and transportation, respectively. Sociodemographic analysis revealed that males predominantly activated EMS resources, and 60% of males (n = 12,687) were not transported, whilst 65% of females (n = 44,053) were transported. South Asians represented a significant proportion of the transported patients (36%, n = 24,007). “Home” emerged as the primary emergency location (56%, n = 37,725). Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations across several variables, though multicollinearity was identified as a challenge. Ridge regression analysis underscored the role of certain predictors, such as missing provisional diagnoses, in transportation decisions. The upset plot shows that hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common combinations in both groups.ConclusionsThis study highlights the nuanced complexities governing conveyance decisions. By unveiling patterns such as male predominance, which reflects Qatar's expatriate population, and specific temporal EMS activity peaks, this study accentuates the importance of holistic patient assessment that transcends medical histories.
Mediating effect of BMI on the association of economic status and coexistence of hypertension and diabetes in Bangladesh: A counterfactual framework‐based weighting approach
Authors: Ahmmed Foyez , Hossain Md. Jamal , Khan Md Tareq Ferdous , Manik Muhammad Mahabub Rahaman , Shahriar Saimon , Nandi Dulal Chandra , Hussain Md Parvej 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsNon‐communicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are matters of huge concern worldwide, with an increasing trend in prevalence over the previous decade. First of all, this study aimed to evaluate the association between economic status (ES) and body mass index (BMI), ES and comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes, and BMI and comorbidity independently. Second, it explored the mediating role of BMI in the association between ES and comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes. Finally, it investigated whether the mediating effect differs with the place of residence, gender, and education levels.MethodsA total of 11,291 complete cases from the Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2017–18 were utilized for this study. Survey‐based binary logistic regression or multiple logistic regression was used to find the association among outcome, exposure, and mediator variables, and a counterfactual framework‐based weighting approach was utilized for mediation analysis.ResultsMiddle‐income (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.696, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.219, 2.360) and rich (AOR: 2.770, CI: 2.054, 3.736) respondents were more likely to have comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes compared to the poor. The odds of comorbidity increased with the increase in BMI. A positive association was observed between ES and BMI. A significant mediating role of BMI in the association between ES and comorbidity was found. We observed that 19.85% (95% CI: 11.50%, 49.6%) and 20.35% (95% CI: 14.9%, 29.3%) of total effect was mediated by BMI for middle and rich respondents, respectively, compared to the poor.ConclusionsThe mediating role of BMI was greater for female, no or primary educated respondents, and respondents from rural areas. Therefore, the study will facilitate policymakers of Bangladesh and other countries with a similar set‐up to decide on health policies regarding hypertension and diabetes.
Exploring the symptoms and sleep disorders associated with migraines in women of Syria: A cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Martini Nafiza , Hawa Tamam , Hamdar Hussein , Nahle Ali Alakbar , Hanna Majd , Albelal Douaa , Almasri Imad Addin , Hamzeh Ghassan ,   Stemosis Group of Data Collectors
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimMigraine is a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by recurring episodes of debilitating headache accompanied by associated symptoms and sleep disorders. This study aims to investigate migraine‐associated symptoms in female migraineurs within the Syrian population and the relation between migraines and sleep issues.MethodsA questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional observational study was conducted among the Syrian population. A total of 1009 women were enrolled in this study, including women without a history of migraine (Control group) and migraineurs (Case group) who had received a diagnosis of migraine from a hospital or private clinic. Data about migraine‐related symptoms, including tingling, visual disturbances, Nausea/Vomiting, and epileptic seizures as well as sleep‐related symptoms such as interrupted sleep, frequent awakenings, insomnia, snoring, and narcolepsy were gathered. Chi‐square test was used to examine the relation between migraines and sleep issues.ResultsA total of 1009 women were enrolled in this study including 531 migraineurs and 478 healthy women. The study revealed that the most commonly experienced symptoms during migraine attacks were nausea/vomiting and visual disturbances, followed by tingling. Total Unduplicated Reach and Frequency analysis showed that visual disturbances and nausea/vomiting were the two most frequent symptoms that co‐occurred during migraine attacks. The study also demonstrated a significant relationship between snoring, insomnia, and narcolepsy with migraine (p = 0.038), with these sleep disorders being more prevalent among migraineurs.ConclusionThe findings indicate a significant association between migraines and sleep disorders, with migraineurs being at a significantly higher risk of experiencing poor sleep quality compared to healthy women. Addressing sleep disorders is crucial in managing patients with migraines. This study is the first of its kind in the Syrian population, providing valuable insights into the symptoms and sleep disorders associated with migraines in this population.
Neurological, cardiac, musculoskeletal, and renal manifestations of scleroderma along with insights into its genetics, pathophysiology, diagnostic, and therapeutic updates
Authors: Prajjwal Priyadarshi , Marsool Mohammed Dheyaa Marsool , Yadav Vikas , Kanagala Ramya S. D. , Reddy Yeruva Bheemeswara , John Jobby , Lam Justin Riley , Karra Nanditha , Amiri Bita , Islam Moiz Ul , Nithya Venkatesh , Marsool Ali Dheyaa Marsool , Gadam Srikanth , Vora Neel , Hussin Omniat Amir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundScleroderma, also referred to as systemic sclerosis, is a multifaceted autoimmune condition characterized by abnormal fibrosis and impaired vascular function. Pathologically, it encompasses the persistent presence of inflammation, abnormal collagen buildup, and restructuring of blood vessels in various organs, resulting in a wide range of clinical symptoms. This review incorporates the most recent scientific literature on scleroderma, with a particular emphasis on its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment options.MethodologyA comprehensive investigation was carried out on numerous databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to collect pertinent studies covering diverse facets of scleroderma research.ResultsScleroderma presents with a range of systemic manifestations, such as interstitial lung disease, gastrointestinal dysmotility, Raynaud's phenomenon, pulmonary arterial hypertension, renal complications, neurological symptoms, and cardiac abnormalities. Serological markers, such as antinuclear antibodies, anti‐centromere antibodies, and anti‐topoisomerase antibodies, are important for classifying diseases and predicting their outcomes.DiscussionThe precise identification of scleroderma is crucial for promptly and correctly implementing effective treatment plans. Treatment approaches aim to improve symptoms, reduce complications, and slow down the progression of the disease. An integrated approach that combines pharmacological agents, including immunosuppressants, endothelin receptor antagonists, and prostanoids, with nonpharmacological interventions such as physical and occupational therapy is essential for maximizing patient care.ConclusionThrough the clarification of existing gaps in knowledge and identification of emerging trends, our goal is to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, enhance the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, and ultimately enhance the overall quality of life for individuals suffering from scleroderma. Ongoing cooperation and creative research are necessary to advance the field and achieve improved patient outcomes and new therapeutic discoveries.