bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of hypospadias repair and factors associated: A study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Laishram Oken Singh , Pebam Manisana Singh , Sinam Nehar , Singh Akoijam Ibohal , Nepram Sanjib Singh , Laiphrakpam Angelica , Rajpurohit Manish 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Hypospadias is the most common congenital abnormality of the urethra affecting 1 in 300 live male births worldwide. The results of hypospadias surgery are still frequently unfavorable with a reported complication rate as high as 50% or above.

Aims and Objective:
The aim of our study was to determine the demographics and analyze the surgical management and factors influencing the postoperative outcomes of hypospadias repair.

Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based prospective study was conducted in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, for 2 years from December 2019 to November 2021. The study was conducted on 28 male patients who underwent hypospadias repair. Demographics, operative techniques reviewed, and the outcome of hypospadias repair were evaluated for results and complications.

Statistical Analysis:
Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 21). Descriptive statistics such as mean, median, and percentage were used to summarize the data. The Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and t-test were used to see the associations between variables of interest and prognosis of repair. P < 0.05 was taken statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 28 male patients with a mean age of 7.46 ± 5.25 standard deviation presented for hypospadias repair. Mid-penile hypospadias was the most common type in the study population accounting for 60.71% of patients, followed by penoscrotal 35.71% of cases. 82.14% of the hypospadias were associated with some degree of chordee. Meatal stenosis, cryptorchidism, and inguinal hernia were observed in 17.8%, 3.57%, and 7.14%, respectively. 46.42% of hypospadias were repaired in two stages, while 25% were subjected to tubularized incised plate repair, and 28.57% of patients were repaired with the Asopa technique. The most common complications were edema and urethrocutaneous fistula. The complications were significantly lower in the hands of specialists than residents (P = 0.037). Two-stage repair has higher complications than single-stage repair (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Hypospadias surgery has a long learning curve because it requires a great deal of temperament, surgical skill, and acquaintance with magnifications along with knowledge of surgical anatomy. Regular periodic audits should also be performed to improve the outcome of the hypospadias repair.
Tubal cervical double ectopic pregnancy, missed diagnosis, and lessons from an extremely rare case with a systematic review of literature
Authors: Phijam Dhaneshwar , Nandeibam Yohen 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
A very rare form of heterotopic pregnancy where one of the ectopic gestational sacs is located in the fallopian tube and the other in the cervix uteri is being presented. Unlike the only other similar case reported, where tubal ectopic was managed with salpingectomy and the cervical ectopic was diagnosed after the salpingectomy, our case was that of missed diagnosis of tubal ectopic while focusing on medical management of the cervical ectopic pregnancy. Management options for such situation are being discussed, and a review on the management of CEP is presented with a focus on conservative medical therapy. Conservative treatment in case of tubal cervical double ectopic may be feasible with early diagnosis after ruling out adverse parameters.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Mask Usage Among Patients in a Tertiary Dental Care Center
Authors: George Jinu , Kayyalakkal Mereesha , Koppara Fathimathu T. A. , Christalin R , Shaji Dhanya , Narayanankutty Subija K. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice related to mask use among patients visiting a tertiary dental care clinic through a structured self-administered questionnaire.

Materials and Methods:
The cross-sectional study comprised dental outpatients at Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala. The questionnaire contained demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practice questions about COVID-19. Data analysis included Chi-square testing and descriptive statistics.

Results:
A 99% response rate was achieved with 495 responses. There were 241 (49%) men and 254 (51%) women. The study had the most respondents aged 21 to 40 years (n = 220; 44.4%), followed by people older than 40 years (n = 204; 41.2%) and younger than 20 years (n = 71; 14.3%). There were statistically significant differences in age, education, and occupation with knowledge and significant differences in attitude and practice by occupation.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that dental patients are knowledgeable about health issues and disease prevention strategies. Positive attitudes toward infection prevention in dental clinics with higher levels of prevention practices against COVID-19 transmission rates were reported.
Comparative Analysis of Two Different Techniques for Ridge Preservation Following Tooth Extraction: A Clinical and Radiographic Study
Authors: Shaik Naseemoon , Rajoli Sai D. R. , Sarika P. S. , Bejagam Venkatesh , Shajahan Shifa F. , Snehika Ghanta 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Ridge preservation following tooth extraction is essential for maintaining the alveolar bone structure and facilitating successful dental implant placement. Various techniques have been proposed for this purpose, but there remains a need for comparative analysis to determine their efficacy.

Materials and Methods:
This clinical and radiographic study compared two different techniques for ridge preservation: Technique A and Technique B. Fifty patients requiring tooth extraction were randomly assigned to either Technique A or Technique B group. Clinical parameters including pain, swelling, and soft tissue healing were evaluated postoperatively. Radiographic assessments were conducted to measure the dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge at baseline and after 3 months using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Results:
In the Technique A group, postoperative pain scores averaged 2.3 (±0.5) on a visual analog scale (VAS), while in the Technique B group, the average pain score was 2.5 (±0.6). The swelling was minimal in both groups with no significant difference. Soft tissue healing was satisfactory in both groups. Radiographically, the mean vertical bone loss was 1.2 mm (±0.3) in the Technique A group and 0.9 mm (±0.4) in the Technique B group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Both Technique A and Technique B demonstrated favorable outcomes in terms of postoperative discomfort and soft tissue healing. However, Technique B showed superior preservation of vertical ridge dimensions compared to Technique A. Therefore, Technique B may be considered more effective for ridge preservation following tooth extraction.
Comparing Oral Microbiota Changes after Pulpotomy/Pulpectomy in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Saher Tazyeen , Wilson Bobby , Kuppusamy Kasthuripriya , Mishra Shweta , Chemblon Sherun Kandian , Dalal Dhanashree 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Pediatric dental procedures like pulpotomy and pulpectomy are commonly performed to treat pulp-related dental issues in primary teeth. The choice of instrumentation, such as traditional rotary instruments or laser technology, can impact the oral microbiota. This study aims to compare the changes in oral microbiota following pulpotomy/pulpectomy in pediatric patients treated with traditional rotary instruments versus laser technology.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 60 pediatric patients, aged 4–10 years, requiring pulpotomy or pulpectomy were randomly assigned to two groups: group A (traditional) and group B (laser). In group A, traditional rotary instruments were used for pulp removal, while in group B, a dental laser was utilized. Saliva and plaque samples were collected before the procedure (baseline), immediately after the procedure, and at the one-month follow-up. Microbial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted and analyzed using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing to assess changes in the oral microbiota.

Results:
At baseline, both groups exhibited similar microbial diversity and composition. However, immediate post-procedure results showed a significant decrease in microbial diversity in both groups, with group B (laser) demonstrating a more pronounced reduction. At the one-month follow-up, group A (traditional) showed a partial recovery of microbial diversity, while group B (laser) continued to exhibit lower microbial diversity compared to baseline. Notably, group B (laser) displayed a shift in microbial composition with a decrease in pathogenic species and an increase in beneficial bacteria compared to group A.

Conclusion:
This study highlights that both traditional rotary instruments and laser technology have a significant impact on the oral microbiota of pediatric patients following pulpotomy/pulpectomy. While both methods initially reduce microbial diversity, laser treatment appears to have a more sustained effect, favoring the growth of beneficial bacteria over time. Further research is needed to assess the long-term clinical implications of these microbiota changes for the oral health of pediatric patients.
Prevalence and Patterns of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among Geriatric Patients in India: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ankit Kumar , Khan Yusra , Jaiswal Avinash , Rana Deepmala , Qurishi Ahtesham Ahmad , Pandey Shreya , Manek Pranav V. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Geriatric dentistry plays a pivotal role in addressing the oral health needs of the elderly population, who are prone to various age-related disorders affecting the oral mucosa. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among geriatric patients in India, considering factors, such as age, gender, and systemic diseases.

Methodology:
A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted, analyzing medical and clinical examination records of 354 geriatric patients attending a dental college/hospital between 2022 and 2023. Data on demographics, systemic diseases, oral habits, and denture usage were collected, and oral mucosal lesions were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.

Results:
Among the 354 subjects examined, oral mucosal lesions were observed in 54.66% of cases. Leukoplakia (19.49%) and lichen planus (17.80%) were the most prevalent lesions, followed by malignancy (12.99%) and denture stomatitis (9.04%). The prevalence varied across age-groups, with higher rates observed in individuals aged 60–70 years.

Conclusion:
The study highlights the significant burden of oral mucosal lesions among geriatric patients in India, underscoring the need for targeted preventive strategies and comprehensive oral healthcare interventions tailored to the specific needs of elderly individuals.
Awareness about COVID-19 among Patients Attending the Out-patient Department of a Tertiary Dental Care Center: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shaji Dhanya , Narayanankutty Subija Kunnumpurath , George Jinu , Rajan Divia Attuvalappil , Ramakrishnan Christalin , Ibrahim Shalmiya Karukappadath 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The study aimed to assess coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) knowledge among dental patients seeking treatment at a tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Government Dental College Thrissur to assess dental patients’ COVID-19 awareness. Patients over 18 who attended the dental department and agreed to participate were included after obtaining the informed consent. A validated self-administered questionnaire study was done.

Results:
The sample had an average age of 39.68 ± 13.83 years. The study included 179 men (46.9%) and 203 women (53.1%). The t-test revealed statistically insignificant age and gender distribution (P = 0.59).

Conclusion:
The study found that dental patients at tertiary care were aware of the health issue, its potential spread, and preventive measures.
Oral Health Status, Dietary Intake, and Oral Health-related Quality of Life among Institutionalized Elderly in Bangalore
Authors: Rani Vishakha , Benjamin Niharika , Abhilash A , Bhasin Meenakshi , Bhamare Ruchira , Sinha Sneha 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary intake and oral health status and how oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) influences the institutionalized elderly population of Bangalore.

Methods and Materials:
A cross-sectional study was conducted to appraise the oral health and dietary intake of institutionalized elderly. Patients completed a validated questionnaire and a clinical evaluation. CPI index, loss of attachment (LoA), DMFT, prosthetic status, and prosthetic necessity were utilized to contrast OHQoL using the Chi-square test. The diet and OHQoL were compared using ANOVA.

Results:
This study surveyed 400 institutionalized elderly populations. The average age of the sample was 70.02 ± 8.149 years. LoA and DMFT were significantly associated with GOHAI’s functional domain (P = 0.000). CPI (P = 0.049) and DMFT index (P = 0.003) were associated with GOHAI pain/discomfort and psycho-social domains. The psycho-social domain was associated with an upper arch prosthesis status (P = 0.010). Subjects with good OHQoL consumed 1961.19 ± 479.33 calories, while those with poor OHQoL consumed 1814 ± 432.41 calories (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
According to the study findings, periodontal disease, decay, and missing teeth impaired OHQoL. The OHQoL was significantly declined with dietary intake.
In-Vitro Investigation of the Shear Bond Strength of Different Orthodontic Adhesives to Enamel
Authors: Abutayyem Huda 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic adhesives to enamel is a critical factor in the success of orthodontic treatment. Various adhesives are available in the market, each with different trade names and claimed properties that could influence their bond strength. Understanding these differences is essential for clinical decision-making.

Materials and Methods:
In this in-vitro study, 60 freshly extracted human premolars were collected and randomly divided into four groups: Group A (Adhesive X—Trade Name: BondPlus), Group B (Adhesive Y—Trade Name: OrthoBond), Group C (Adhesive Z—Trade Name: PowerBond), and Group D (Control). The enamel surfaces were cleaned, polished, and etched following standard protocols. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the teeth using the respective adhesives according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A universal testing machine was employed to measure the SBS, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA with post-hoc tests.

Results:
The mean SBS values (MPa) were as follows: Group A = 15.2, Group B = 14.8, Group C = 16.5, and Group D (Control) =10.3. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05). Post-hoc tests indicated that Group C exhibited significantly higher SBS compared to the other groups.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that among the orthodontic adhesives tested, PowerBond demonstrated superior shear bond strength to the enamel. However, further research is warranted to explore other aspects of adhesive performance and clinical implications.
A Retrospective Study to Assess the Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Acute Poisoning Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karnataka, India
Authors: Alva Janet , Devi Elsa Sanatombi , Balakrishnan Jayaraj Mymbilly , Gopinathan Vivek 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
Acute poisoning is one of the most common medical conditions which requires emergency management. This study was aimed to generate the clinico-epidemiological profile of acute poisoned patients admitted to the emergency department in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods:
A retrospective research study was conducted in between June 2018 and September 2019. All acute poisoned patients admitted in KH hospital Manipal were included in the study. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The obtained results were stated as frequency, percentage, and Chi-square analysis.

Results:
Among 324 poisoned patients, 47.5% were organophosphate poisoning, with 48.9% belonging to the age group of 19–35 years. Apparently, 59.2% were male patients. The most common route of poisoning seen is 96.60% ingestion. Suicidal poisoning was noted in majority of the patients 92.90%. A large number of poisoned patients, 61.11%, were conscious while reporting to emergency department. The main reason for poisoning was marital disharmony 54.32%, and 14.5% patients were put on ventilator life support during treatment. Recovered and discharged from the hospital was seen in 76.54% of patients and death witnessed in 12.34% of poisoned patients. The patient outcome was found to be significantly associated with type of poisoning (P < 0.001) and motive of poison consumption (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
This study has succeeded to contribute added evidence concerning the clinico-epidemiological profile and consequence of acute poisoning patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Increased treatment expenses and admission in intensive care make burden to the family.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Prosthetic Satisfaction in Below-Knee Amputees: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sindwani Priyanka , Kothiyal Saumya , Chauhan Priya 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Global patients are the focus of the bulk of studies looking at patient satisfaction and social integration. The major objective is to integrate those people into society because the prevalence of amputation is increasing in India as well. Also, these researchers include a variety of illnesses, such as renal tubular acidosis (RTA), diabetes, vascular disorders, spinal cord damage, and stroke, in their investigations. There are not many studies conducted in India that only consider urban populations. The purpose of the study was to examine factors influencing the quality of life (QOL) and post-acceptance and contentment with one’s body image in patients with unilateral knee amputations.

Materials and Methods:
A random sampling method was performed to select the subjects. The records of the participants of the study were retrieved from the Chandigarh Welfare Trust Prosthetic Camp, Chandigarh, India, to obtain information on relevant demographic data. Patients were given both questionnaires, that is, Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0) and Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ), and told about everything, and then, patients gave scores to themselves according to the activities and satisfaction they had with the prosthetic use. Spearman’s correlation test (two-tailed) was used to find the correlation between QUEST 2.0 and CIQ. The correlation between QUEST 2.0 and integration into productive activities (IPA) was also analyzed. A significant level of P ≤ 0.01 was fixed.

Result:
The correlation between QUEST 2.0 and CIQ is significantly strong or good (r = 1.00, P < 0.001). Home integration and social integration had a high or strong correlation with the QUEST assistive device domain (r = 0.43, P < 0.001) and each other (r = 0.785, P < 0.001). QUEST and productive activities are moderately associated (r = 0.57, P < 0.001). The service sub-domain of QUEST 2.0’s home integration component showed a substantially positive connection (r = 0.38, P < 0.001). It demonstrates that social integration has an overall positive relationship (r = 0.59, P < 0.001) with other factors.

Conclusion:
In the social life of those who have lost or are missing limbs, prostheses have a social function. By hiding their usage, individuals were able to avoid social stigmatization, which facilitated their social integration and lessened the emotional issues associated with such a disability.
Effect of Classic Ketogenic Diet Versus Modified Atkins Diet over Electro-Encephalogram Findings in Children with Refractory Epilepsy
Authors: Deshpande Vaishali , Prabhu Purnima , Udani Vrajesh , Agarkhedkar Sharad 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Ketogenic diet (KD) is well known for control of refractory epilepsy. We wanted to study the effect of the two types of diets: classic KD and modified Atkins diet (MAD) with Indian foods to children of refractory epilepsy on electroencephalogram (EEG).

Aim:
To determine the effect of KD on EEG on children with refractory epilepsy.

Material and Methods:
Ethics Committee approval was taken for randomized controlled trials. Sixty-five children of refractory epilepsy of 6 months to 12 years’ age from two tertiary care teaching institutes, of Pune and Mumbai, were selected and allocated to one of the two types of diets, classic KD and MAD, and followed over a period of 6 months. EEG was done in the beginning, at 3 months, and at 6 months of completion of therapy with standard techniques.

Observations:
The relationship of EEG findings at 3 months follow-up was statistically non-significant, but at the end of 6 months, when overall improved activity on EEG was compared, it had a significant difference of P-value = 0.01, stating KD better than MAD.

Conclusion:
Classic KD is better than MAD.
Our Experience with Cut Throat Injury Cases in a Rural Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Rajendiran Devendiran , Nedunchezhiyan Lalitha Chezhiyan , Guhasaravanabhavan Soundara Rajan , Mani Gajalakshmi , Jayakumar Arunkumar Kandasamy 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Cut throat injuries are one of the most challenging surgical emergencies encountered by Ear, nose, throat (ENT) surgeons. If not treated in time, they may lead to death. Prevention of mortality depends on immediate resuscitation by securing the airway by tracheostomy or intubation, prompt control of bleeding, and wound closure.

Aims and Objectives:
Our study was conducted to observe and analyze: 1. The sociodemographic profile of cut throat injury patients admitted in our hospital. 2. The modes of cut throat injury cases admitted in our hospital. 3. Anatomical region and depth of the cut throat injury patients admitted in our hospital. 4. Treatment of cut throat injury patients given at our hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective study of about 25 cases of cut throat injury presented to the emergency department in our tertiary care hospital situated in the rural area of Tamilnadu (India), between June 2021 and September 2022. Cut throat injury patients were managed by multidisciplinary approach headed by the ENT team.

Results:
In our study, 72% were males and 28% were females. The peak age of incidence is fourth decade (48%). People with lower socioeconomic status were affected more (40%). Eighty percent of the patients had Zone II injuries. Seventy-six percent of cases presented with active bleeding and 60% of cases came with breathing difficulty. The most common cause of cut throat injury had been found to be suicidal (52%). Sixty percent had laryngeal injuries. Seventy-two percent of the cases were managed with tracheostomy.

Conclusion:
Our study found that the majority of cut throat injury patients were males of age between 30 years to 40 years from poor socioeconomic status. Social involvement and political motivation, poverty reduction, individual awareness, increase in economic growth along with literacy rate will prevent the cut throat injuries. Early and improved proper management will reduce the mortality and morbidity.