bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precreation Discourse and the Nicene Creed: Christianity Finds its Voice in the Roman Empire
Authors: Robbins Vernon K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractExploring the emergence of creedal statements in Christianity about non-time before creation, called precreation rhetorolect, this essay begins with the baptismal creed called the Roman Symbol and its expansion into the Apostles’ Creed. These early creeds contain wisdom, apocalyptic, and priestly rhetorolect, but no precreation rhetorolect. When the twelve statements in the Apostles’ Creed were expanded into the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed, the first three statements added precreation rhetorolect. God the Father Almighty not only creates heaven and earth, but God creates all things visible and invisible. Jesus Christ is not only God’s only Son, our Lord, but the Son is begotten from the Father before all time, Light from Light, and true God from true God. Being of the same substance as the Father, all things were made through the Son before he came down from heaven, the Son was incarnate by the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary, and became human. With these creedal additions, a precreation storyline became the context for a lengthy chain of argumentation about belief among fourth century Christian leaders.
New forms of abundant carbonatite–silicate volcanism: recognition criteria and further target locations
Authors: Bailey D. K. , Kearns S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn the Calatrava province of central Spain, numerous Quaternary pyroclastic vents have erupted carbonatite magmas carrying silicate melt fragments, mantle debris and megacrysts. Lava flows are rare. Maar and scoria deposits have carbonate matrices and pass into tuff sheets with carbonate contents >50%, which are spread widely away from the eruptive centres and constitute the most abundant form of effusive carbonate. Immense quantities of mantle debris are present in the erupted material. The tuffs have a distinctive fabric, which consists of a pale matrix carrying black silicate glass clasts that contain globules of immiscible carbonate and carbonate phenocrysts. There is evidence of similar volcanism in the Limagne province of central France and in other intra-continental provinces in Europe and Africa. About 500 vents have been identified in France and Spain: all the vents examined to date have erupted carbonatite magma. Such eruptions are not generally recognized in classical volcanology. As pyroclastic carbonatite was not previously recognized in Spain and France, a detailed examination of other mafic and ultramafic alkaline provinces, where research has traditionally concentrated on lava flows, is vital. For any search to be successful, evidence from the pyroclastic rocks will be required.
RhoH is critical for cell-microenvironment interactions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia in mice and humans
Authors: Troeger Anja , Johnson Amy J. , Wood Jenna , Blum William G. , Andritsos Leslie A. , Byrd John C. , Williams David A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Trafficking of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells to the bone marrow and interaction with supporting stromal cells mediates important survival and proliferation signals. Previous studies have demonstrated that deletion of Rhoh led to a delayed disease onset in a murine model of CLL. Here we assessed the impact of RhoH on homing, migration, and cell-contact dependent interactions of CLL cells. Rhoh−/− CLL cells exhibited reduced marrow homing and subsequent engraftment. In vitro migration toward the chemokines CXCL12 and CXCL13 and cell-cell interactions between Rhoh−/− CLL cells and the supporting microenvironment was reduced. In the absence of RhoH the distribution of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase, a protein known to coordinate activation of the Rho GTPases RhoA and Rac, appeared less polarized in chemokine-stimulated Rhoh−/− CLL cells, and activation and localization of RhoA and Rac was dysregulated leading to defective integrin function. These findings in the Rhoh−/− CLL cells were subsequently demonstrated to closely resemble changes in GTPase activation observed in human CLL samples after in vitro and in vivo treatment with lenalidomide, an agent with known influence on microenvironment protection, and suggest that RhoH plays a critical role in prosurvival CLL cell-cell and cell-microenvironment interactions with this agent.
Management of noninfectious mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis: data from 242 cases included in the CryoVas survey
Authors: Terrier Benjamin , Krastinova Evguenia , Marie Isabelle , Launay David , Lacraz Adeline , Belenotti Pauline , de Saint-Martin Luc , Quemeneur Thomas , Huart Antoine , Bonnet Fabrice , Le Guenno Guillaume , Kahn Jean-Emmanuel , Hinschberger Olivier , Rullier Patricia , Diot Elisabeth , Lazaro Estibaliz , Bridoux Frank , Zénone Thierry , Carrat Fabrice , Hermine Olivier , Léger Jean-Marc , Mariette Xavier , Senet Patricia , Plaisier Emmanuelle , Cacoub Patrice 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Data on the clinical spectrum and therapeutic management of noninfectious mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis (CryoVas) in the era of hepatitis C virus screening are lacking. We analyzed data from 242 patients with noninfectious mixed CryoVas included in the French multicenter CryoVas survey. Baseline manifestations were purpura (75%), peripheral neuropathy (52%), arthralgia or arthritis (44%), glomerulonephritis (35%), cutaneous ulcers (16%), and cutaneous necrosis (14%). A connective tissue disease was diagnosed in 30% and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 22%, whereas the CryoVas was considered to be essential in 48%. With the use of Cox-marginal structural models, rituximab plus corticosteroids showed the greater therapeutic efficacy compared with corticosteroids alone and alkylating agents plus corticosteroids to achieve complete clinical, renal, and immunologic responses and a prednisone dosage < 10 mg/d at 6 months. However, this regimen was also associated with severe infections, particularly when high doses of corticosteroids were used, whereas death rates did not differ between the therapeutic regimens. The role of each of these strategies remains to be defined in well-designed randomized controlled trials.
Connexin26-mediated transfer of laterality cues in Xenopus
Authors: Beyer Tina , Thumberger Thomas , Schweickert Axel , Blum Martin 
Published: April 2012

Summary
A cilia-driven leftward flow of extracellular fluid breaks bilateral symmetry in the dorsal midline of the neurula stage vertebrate embryo. The left-specific Nodal signaling cascade in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) is key to asymmetric morphogenesis and placement of organs during subsequent development. The nature of the initial asymmetric cue(s) as well as the transfer of information from the midline to the left side has remained elusive. Gap junctional communication has been previously involved in Xenopus left-right (LR) development, however a function at cleavage stages was inferred from inhibitor experiments. Here we show by heptanol-mediated block of connexin function that flow stages during neurulation represent the critical time window. Flow in Xenopus occurs at the gastrocoel roof plate (GRP), a ciliated sheath of cells of mesodermal fate transiently positioned within the dorsal epithelial lining of the forming archenteron. We reasoned that endodermal cells immediately adjacent to the GRP are important for transfer of asymmetry. A systematic screen identified two connexin genes, Cx26 and Cx32, which were co-expressed in these lateral endodermal cells. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments pinpointed Cx26 as the critical connexin for LR development, while Cx32 had no effect on laterality. Importantly, GRP morphology, ciliation and flow were not affected in Cx26 morphants. Our results demonstrate a decisive role of Cx26 in the transfer of laterality cues from the GRP to the left LPM, providing a novel access to the identification of the initial asymmetric signal generated by flow.
Activation of a Li-rich Solid-Solution Layered Li[Ni0.18Li0.20Co0.03Mn0.58]O2 Cathode and Retention of High Capacities via an Electrochemical Pretreatment with a Low Discharge Voltage Limit
Authors: Abe Masaru , Matsumoto Futoshi , Saito Miwa , Yamamura Hiroshi , Kobayashi Genki , Ito Atsushi , Sanada Takashi , Hatano Masaharu , Ohsawa Yasuhiko , Sato Yuichi 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The magnitude and cycle stability of the charge–discharge capacities of a Li-rich solid-solution layered cathode material, Li[Ni0.18Li0.20Co0.03Mn0.58]O2, were examined over large voltage windows of 1.2–4.4 V (vs. Li/Li+). Discharging to below 1.5 V activated the cathode material and enabled it to reach larger charge–discharge capacities of over 300 mA h g−1. Moreover, to retain a high capacity of over 300 mA h g−1, our original electrochemical precycling treatment (stepwise control of the discharge voltage limit) was applied, resulting in improved stability of the charge–discharge capacity of over 300 mA h g−1 for at least 35 cycles.
Mild and Efficient α-Chlorination of Carbonyl Compounds Using Ammonium Chloride and Oxone (2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4)
Authors: Swamy Peraka , Kumar Macharla Arun , Reddy Marri Mahender , Narender Nama 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A simple protocol for the α-monochlorination of ketones and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds utilizing NH4Cl as a source of chlorine and Oxone as an oxidant in methanol without catalyst is presented. The reaction proceeds at ambient temperature in yields ranging from moderate to excellent.
Pb4VBO8: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties
Authors: Gao Junyu , Pan Shilie , Cao Jian , Dong Xiaoyu , Yang Zhihua 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The first compound Pb4VBO8 in the PbO–V2O5–B2O3 ternary system has been synthesized. Its structure was solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c (No. 14) with a = 10.4047(5) Å, b = 7.0906(4) Å, c = 12.8968(7) Å, β = 113.128(3)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0261, and wR2 = 0.0628. The new structure contains an infinite three-dimensional matrix that is built from BO3, VO4, and PbOn (n = 4 and 5) polyhedra.
Ion-exchange-induced Phase Separation at Dot-like Domains on Glass Surface through a Staining Method
Authors: Hattori Yuki , Shiomi Haruhisa , Wakasugi Takashi , Suetsugu Tatsuya , Kadono Kohei 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Staining, which has been used for coloring of glass, was extended as a method for ion exchange in which monovalent ions in the localized fine domains at the surface of glass are replaced by other ions contained in the stain. Here, mixed aqueous LiNO3–poly(ethylene glycol) solution was deposited as dots approximately 100 µm in diameter on a 70SiO2·15B2O3·15Na2O (mol %) glass by ink-jet printing. Then the glass was heat-treated at 400 °C resulting in the exchange of Li+ for Na+ ions at the dot-like domains. This ion exchange induced phase separation at the dots. Subsequent heat treatment at 600 °C and acid leaching made the dot domains porous. Consequently, we succeeded to prepare a glass, at the surface of which dot-like domains were porous and a number of the dots are periodically arrayed.
Complications and reintervention following elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a 10-year retrospective analysis
Authors: Kieffer WKM , Sonnenberg S , Windhaber RA , Pal N , Pemberton RM 
Published: April 2012

INTRODUCTION Recent data have shown higher rates of graft related complication or reintervention in patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair compared with open aneurysm surgery (OAS). However, there are fewer data available regarding procedure related reinterventions following OAS. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of procedure related complications and reintervention following elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the dedicated Portsmouth POSSUM database. Data from 361 patients (median age: 72 years, 91.4% male) who underwent elective OAS between 1993 and 2004 were analysed. The incidences of early and late complications and subsequent reintervention were investigated. RESULTS The median follow-up duration was 10 years 4 months (range: 5 years - 16 years 4 months). There were 52 reinterventions in the follow-up period. Of these, 34.6% were for incisional hernias or small bowel obstruction with the majority of the remaining laparotomies performed for bleeding or distal ischaemic complications. Almost two-thirds (63.5%) of reinterventions occurred in the first 30 days. There were 30 emergency readmissions to the acute surgical wards that did not require reintervention. CONCLUSIONS OAS carries a significant reintervention rate. In this study, 54% of reinterventions were directly related to laparotomy.
Bladder injuries in emergency/expedited laparoscopic surgery in the absence of previous surgery: a case series
Authors: Levy BF , De Guara J , Willson PD , Soon Y , Kent A , Rockall TA 
Published: April 2012

INTRODUCTION The use of laparoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool is being used increasingly in the emergency setting with many of these procedures being performed by trainees. While the incidence of iatrogenic injuries is reported to be low, we present six emergency or expedited cases in which the bladder was perforated by the suprapubic trocar. CASES Three cases were related to the management of appendicitis, two to negative diagnostic laparoscopies for lower abdominal pain and one to an ectopic pregnancy. Management of the bladder injuries varied from a urinary catheter alone to laparotomy with debridement of the abdominal wall due to sepsis and later reconstruction. Four of the six cases were performed by registrars. CONCLUSIONS Although the incidence of bladder injury is low, its importance is highlighted by the large number of laparoscopies being performed. In addition to catheterisation of the patient, care must be taken with the insertion of low suprapubic ports and consideration should be made regarding alternative sites. Adequate laparoscopic supervision and training in port site planning is required for surgical trainees.
Total hip replacement for the treatment of acute femoral neck fractures: results from the National Joint Registry of England and Wales at 3-5 years after surgery
Authors: Stafford GH , Charman SC , Borroff MJ , Newell C , Tucker JK 
Published: April 2012

INTRODUCTION This paper describes, for the first time, the outcomes of patients undergoing total hip replacement for acute fractured neck of femur (#NOF) as recorded by the National Joint Registry of England and Wales (NJR). METHODS In the NJR we identified 1,302 of 157,232 Hospital Episode Statistics linked patients who had been recorded as having a total hip replacement for acute #NOF between April 2003 and November 2008. RESULTS The revision rate at five years for fully uncemented components was 4.1% (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 2.2-7.3%), for hybrid it was 2.2% (95% Cl: 0.9%-5.3%) and for fully cemented components 0.9% (95% Cl: 0.4-2.0%). Five-year revision rates were increased for those whose operations were performed via a posterior versus a lateral approach. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of 30-day mortality was 1.4% (95% Cl: 1.0-2.4%), which is over double the 30-day mortality rate for total hip replacement identified by the Office for National Statistics. The mean length of stay was also increased for those undergoing total hip replacements for #NOF compared with non-emergency indications. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that total hip replacements for acute #NOF give comparable results with total hip replacements for other indications.
Evaluation of disinfection of flexible nasendoscopes using Tristel wipes: a prospective single blind study
Authors: Tzanidakis K , Choudhury N , Bhat S , Weerasinghe A , Marais J 
Published: April 2012

INTRODUCTION The otorhinoiaryngoiogy department at Northwick Park Hospital uses the Tristei wipes system for cleaning nasendoscopes in the outpatient clinics. This system uses chlorine dioxide as its only disinfectant. The manufacturer claims the system provides safe sterilisation of nasendoscopes. However, there appear to be no reports in the literature to date that evaluate the efficacy of this system in a clinical setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ‘in use’ efficacy of Tristei wipes in decontaminating nasendoscopes and to identify any significant contamination between cleaning and usage. METHODS A total of 31 cleaning episodes were performed. Each cleaning episode included two swabs after cleaning the scopes, one from the tip and the other from the handle. Another two swabs from the same areas were also taken before application to the patient. The microbiology unit evaluated all swabs for bacterial, fungal and mycobacterial growth. RESULTS Overall, 123 swabs from 31 cleaning episodes were tested. None of the swabs taken from the tips (n=31) or handles (n=31) after cleaning with Tristei wipes developed any organism growth. Furthermore, none of the swabs taken from the tip of the scopes before using on patients (n=31) developed any growth. Of the 31 swabs taken from the handle before use, 3 developed significant staphylococcal growth. CONCLUSIONS In our study, the ‘in use’ efficacy of Tristei wipes in cleaning the scopes of bacteria, fungi and mycobacteria was 100%. Attention to hand hygiene and the use of gloves should be considered when handling the cleaned scopes to minimise the risk of contamination between cleaning and application to patients.
Hydraulic Characteristics of Bentonite Cake Fabricated on Cutoff Walls
Authors: Nguyen The-Bao , Lee Chulho , Lim Jeehee , Choi Hangseok 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBentonite cake is usually formed on the excavated trench surface that is supported by the bentonite slurry during construction of slurry cutoff walls. The lower hydraulic conductivity of bentonite cakes formed during construction of slurry cutoff walls in comparison to backfill materials provides an additional benefit. In the present study, the hydraulic conductivities of bentonite cakes made using three different bentonites were estimated using the modified fluid-loss test under various pressures. Both the hydraulic conductivities of bentonite cakes and cutoff-wall backfill are important in evaluating the in situ hydraulic performance of slurry cutoff-wall construction. Three bentonite slurry concentrations of 4, 6, and 8% were used to fabricate bentonite cakes that represent common field conditions. X-ray diffraction, cation exchange capacity, and swell-index data were collected to characterize the bentonites. Two modified methods for analyzing fluid-loss test results were used to estimate bentonite cake hydraulic conductivities. In addition, the viscosity as a function of time was measured to explain the sealing capacities of the bentonite slurries. The bentonite-cake hydraulic conductivities ranged from 2.15×10−11 m/s to 2.88×10−10 m/s, which were 10 to 500 times lower than the cutoff wall backfill design. Experimental results for 4 and 6% bentonite slurries were relatively similar, but the 8% slurries were noticeably different. Calculated bentonite-cake thickness and stress distribution indicated that the local void ratio and hydraulic conductivity may vary across the cake thickness. The considerably lower bentonite-cake hydraulic conductivities compared to the cutoff wall backfill design show its significance in slurry cutoff-wall construction practices.
The Stable core
Authors: Friedman Sy-david 
Published: April 2012

AbstractVopěnka proved long ago that every set of ordinals is set-generic over HOD, Gödel's inner model of hereditarily ordinal-definable sets. Here we show that the entire universe V is class-generic over (HOD,S), and indeed over the even smaller inner model =(L[S],S), where S is the Stability predicate. We refer to the inner model as the Stable Core of V. The predicate S has a simple definition which is more absolute than any definition of HOD; in particular, it is possible to add reals which are not set-generic but preserve the Stable Core (this is not possible for HOD by Vopěnka's theorem).
On countable chains having decidable monadic theory
Authors: Bés Alexis , Rabinovich Alexander 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRationals and countable ordinals are important examples of structures with decidable monadic second-order theories. A chain is an expansion of a linear order by monadic predicates. We show that if the monadic second-order theory of a countable chain C is decidable then C has a non-trivial expansion with decidable monadic second-order theory.
Adding linear orders
Authors: Shelah Saharon , Simon Pierre 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe address the following question: Can we expand an NIP theory by adding a linear order such that the expansion is still NIP? Easily, if acl(A)=A for all A, then this is true. Otherwise, we give counterexamples. More precisely, there is a totally categorical theory for which every expansion by a linear order has IP. There is also an ω-stable NDOP theory for which every expansion by a linear order interprets pseudofinite arithmetic.
Changes in Treatment Adherence and Glycemic Control During the Transition to Adolescence in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Rausch Joseph R. , Hood Korey K. , Delamater Alan , Shroff Pendley Jennifer , Rohan Jennifer M. , Reeves Grafton , Dolan Lawrence , Drotar Dennis 
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE
To test models of unidirectional and bidirectional change between treatment adherence and glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a 2-year longitudinal, multisite study of 225 youth with type 1 diabetes recruited at the cusp of adolescence (aged 9–11 years) to describe the mutual influences of glycemic control as measured by HbA1c and treatment adherence as measured by blood glucose monitoring frequency (BGMF) during the transition to adolescence.

RESULTS
HbA1c increased from 8.2 to 8.6% (P &lt; 0.001) and BGMF decreased from 4.9 to 4.5 checks per day (P &lt; 0.02) during the 2-year period. Changes in the BGMF slope predicted changes in HbA1c. A change (increase) in HbA1c was associated with a change (decrease) in BGMF of 1.26 (P &lt; 0.001) after controlling for covariates.

CONCLUSIONS
The magnitude of the effect of declining treatment adherence (BGMF) on glycemic control in young adolescents may be even greater than declines observed among older adolescents. BGMF offers a powerful tool for targeted management of glycemic control for type 1 diabetes during the critical transition to adolescence.
Optimization of self-assembling properties of fatty acids grafted to methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) as nanocarriers for etoposide
Authors: Varshosaz Jaleh , Hasanzadeh Farshid , Eslamdoost Mojtaba 
Published: April 2012

Optimization of self-assembling properties of fatty acids grafted to methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) as nanocarriers for etoposideThe objective of this work was to study the effect of fatty acid chain length grafted to methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) on self assembling properties of micelles for etoposide delivery. Three amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized using mPEG, myristic acid, stearic acid and behenic acid through an esteric linkage. The particle size and zeta potential of the micelles were determined by the dynamic light scattering method. Etoposide was loaded into micelles by film casting using various drug/polymer ratios. Drug release was studied by the dialysis method. The structure of copolymers was confirmed by1H NMR and FTIR. Central micellar concentration (CMC) measurements showed that the longer hydrophobic chains formed more thermodynamically stable micelles. Among the prepared copolymers, etoposide showed the highest solubility in the mPEG-behenic copolymer. Drug loading efficiency depended on the hydrophobic chain length and drug/polymer ratio. The highest drug loading efficiency was found in mPEG-myristic micelles with 1:20 drug/polymer ratio. Micelles released 80 % of loaded drug within about 5 h.