bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in rare genetic conditions: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Cohen Julie S. , Biesecker Barbara B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractQuality of life (QoL) refers to an individual's sense of overall well‐being encompassing physical, psychological, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions. Although genetics healthcare providers strive to promote patient well‐being, and the term QoL is often invoked to refer to this outcome, there is lack of clarity as to what actually constitutes QoL from the patient's perspective. This systematic literature review aims to summarize and integrate research findings to help elucidate how healthcare providers can more effectively enhance the QoL of patients affected with rare genetic conditions. Eligible studies were those that measured QoL as a primary outcome variable using a validated, multi‐dimensional scale. Detailed criteria were used to rate quality of design, methodology, and analytic rigor. Fifty‐eight studies were selected for inclusion in the review, and a narrative synthesis of the data was performed. A central theme emerging from the literature is that, although genetic conditions have the potential to have significant negative consequences for individuals' lives, having a genetic condition does not necessarily entail poor QoL. Evidence demonstrates that factors beyond the physical manifestations of the disease, such as psychological well‐being, coping, and illness perceptions, influence QoL and may serve as potent targets for intervention. The field of research on QoL in rare genetic conditions will be advanced by uniting around a clear conceptualization of QoL and using more rigorous methodology with comprehensive measures of global QoL. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and structures of a series of phosphorus‐free Nickel(II) diamine complexes and their applications in hydrogenation of acetophenone
Authors: Chen Zilu , Zeng Mulan , Zhang Yuzhen , Zhang Zhong , Liang Fupei 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTo develop economical and phosphorus‐free catalysts for hydrogenation of ketones, three new complexes, [Ni(1R,2R‐dpen)2(H2O)Cl]2Cl2· 2Et2O (1), [Ni(1R,2R‐dpen)(phen)(CH3OH)2]Cl2·2CH3OH (2) and [Ni(1,8‐dan)2(DMF)Cl]2Cl2· 3H2O (3), and three reported compounds, [Ni(opda)(phen)Cl2]·CH3OH (4), [Ni(opda)2Cl2] (5) and [Ni(1,2‐dach)2]Cl2 (6), were prepared and the structures of new compounds were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, in which 1R,2R‐dpen, phen, 1,8‐dan, opda and 1,2‐dach denote 1R,2R‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine, 1,10‐phenanthroline, 1,8‐diaminonaphthalene, o‐phenylenediamine and 1,2‐diaminocyclohexane, respectively. The catalytic effects for hydrogenation of acetophenone of these compounds were tested. This revealed very poor or no catalytic effects of these complexes in transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone using isopropanol or HCOOHNEt3 as hydrogen source. However, they presented much better catalytic effects in ionic hydrogenation of acetophenone using H2 gas as hydrogen source with a dependence of the catalytic effects on the base used in the hydrogenation reactions. The complexes represent a kind of green hydrogenation catalyst, although the conversion in the hydrogenation reactions is not as high as expected. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Versuche zur elektrochemischen Darstellung unterschwefligsaurer (hydroschwefligsaurer) Salze
Authors: Elbs K. , Becker K. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Zur Darstellung konzentrierter Lösungen von Hydrosulfiten ist die rein chemische Reduktion schwefligsaurer Salze geeigneter als die elektrolytische
Die Gewinnung fester Hydrosulfite gelingt durch kathodische Reduktion einer Natrium‐Zink‐Bisulfitlösung; dieser Weg ist aber viel ungünstiger als der rein chemische
3. Die Angaben des D. R.‐P. Nr. 125207 von A. R. Frank sind in allen wesentlichen Punkten unrichtig; man kann nach den gegebenen Vorschriften weder das Calciumsalz, noch das Magnesiumsalz der unterschwefligen Säure in festem Zustande herstellen
Verdünnte Lösungen von Natriumhydrosulfit lassen sich durch elektrolytische Reduktion saurer schwefligsaurer Salze mit vorzüglicher Ausbeute gewinnen; wenn diese Lösungen von geringem Gehalte sofort zu Reduktionswirkungen verwendet werden, also beispielsweise nur als Überträger der kathodischen Reduktionswirkung dienen, so kann die elektrochemische Erzeugung von Hydrosulfiten vorteilhaft sein. Dieser Fall liegt vor bei dem D. R.‐P. Nr. 139567 (1902) der Farbwerke vorm. Meister Lucius & Brüning, Verfahren zur Reduktion von Indigo. Hier wird durch kathodische Reduktion von Bisulfit Hydrosulfit erzeugt, welches sofort zur Bildung von Indigoweiss verbraucht und von der Kathode stetig nachgeliefert wird.
Masters of miniaturization: Convergent evolution among interstitial eukaryotes
Authors: Rundell Rebecca J. , Leander Brian S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMarine interstitial environments are teeming with an extraordinary diversity of coexisting microeukaryotic lineages collectively called “meiofauna.” Interstitial habitats are broadly distributed across the planet, and the complex physical features of these environments have persisted, much like they exist today, throughout the history of eukaryotes, if not longer. Although our general understanding of the biological diversity in these environments is relatively poor, compelling examples of developmental heterochrony (e.g., pedomorphosis) and convergent evolution appear to be widespread among meiofauna. Therefore, an improved understanding of meiofaunal biodiversity is expected to provide some of the deepest insights into the following themes in evolutionary biology: (i) the origins of novel body plans, (ii) macroevolutionary patterns of miniaturization, and (iii) the intersection of evolution and community assembly – e.g., “community convergence” involving distantly related lineages that span the tree of eukaryotes.
The Ras‐ERK pathway: Understanding site‐specific signaling provides hope of new anti‐tumor therapies
Authors: Calvo Fernando , Agudo‐Ibáñez Lorena , Crespo Piero 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRecent discoveries have suggested the concept that intracellular signals are the sum of multiple, site‐specified subsignals, rather than single, homogeneous entities. In the context of cancer, searching for compounds that selectively block subsignals essential for tumor progression, but not those regulating “house‐keeping” functions, could help in producing drugs with reduced side effects compared to compounds that block signaling completely. The Ras‐ERK pathway has become a paradigm of how space can differentially shape signaling. Today, we know that Ras proteins are found in different plasma membrane microdomains and endomembranes. At these localizations, Ras is subject to site‐specific regulatory mechanisms, distinctively engaging effector pathways and switching‐on diverse genetic programs to generate different biological responses. The Ras effector pathway leading to ERKs activation is also under strict, space‐related regulatory processes. These findings may open a gate for aiming at the Ras‐ERK pathway in a spatially restricted fashion, in our quest for new anti‐tumor therapies.
p53 functions and cell lines: Have we learned the lessons from the past?
Authors: Millau Jean‐François , Mai Sabine , Bastien Nathalie , Drouin Régen 
Published: April 2010

Abstractp53 has a determinant role in cancer prevention and is among the most studied proteins in the world. The majority of studies devoted to this protein are carried out in cell lines because they are easy to use and have naturally emerged as the main research tool in laboratories. However, the p53 pathway is commonly deregulated in cancer cells, from which the experimental cell lines are generally derived. The fact that the pathway is deregulated challenges the relevance of using cancer‐derived cell lines to study wild‐type p53 activities, or, in a broader sense, to study any normal cellular process. In the present article, we identify and discuss a number of limitations of cell lines using examples related to p53. Finally, we point out the general limitations of cell lines and propose solutions as alternatives to these cells.
Thermodynamic and kinetic consequences of substituting glycine at different positions in a Pro‐Hyp‐Gly repeat collagen model peptide
Authors: Chen Yi‐Shan , Chen Chia‐Ching , Horng Jia‐Cherng 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA glycine occurs at every third residue in the X‐Y‐Gly repeat of natural collagen. Replacing Gly residues destabilizes collagen and is often associated with many diseases. We present a comprehensive study on the thermodynamic and kinetic consequences of replacing Gly residues at different sites in collagen. For this, we prepared a series of peptides that contain a single substitution of Gly with L‐Ala, D‐Ala, β‐Ala, or sarcosine (Sar), at different positions in a host peptide (Pro‐Hyp‐Gly)8. Circular dichroism measurements showed that peptides with the mutation site near the C‐terminus (C‐terminal mutations) form a more stable collagen triple helix than those with the substitution near the N‐terminus (N‐terminal mutations), which is consistent with the known in vivo folding mechanism of collagen, from the C to the N‐terminus. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the destabilization in C‐terminal mutations is due to entropic effects, while that in N‐terminal mutations is mainly from enthalpic effects. The destabilization order is L‐Ala < Sar < β‐Ala < D‐Ala substitution in both the N and C‐terminal mutations, suggesting that residues with normal torsion angles are less destabilizing at either position. Moreover, Sar was shown to be a better substituent than the other three amino acids at the central site of collagen strands. Kinetic studies further demonstrated that steric strains imposed by the side chains may be the most critical factor affecting the folding rate of collagen. Our data provide valuable insights into how backbone conformation, side chains, and interstrand hydrogen bonds affect the collagen triple helix at different positions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 96: 60–68, 2011.
In situ effective diffusion coefficient profiles in live biofilms using pulsed‐field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Renslow Ryan S. , Majors Paul D. , McLean Jeffrey S. , Fredrickson Jim K. , Ahmed Bulbul , Beyenal Haluk 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDiffusive mass transfer in biofilms is characterized by the effective diffusion coefficient. It is well documented that the effective diffusion coefficient can vary by location in a biofilm. The current literature is dominated by effective diffusion coefficient measurements for distinct cell clusters and stratified biofilms showing this spatial variation. Regardless of whether distinct cell clusters or surface‐averaging methods are used, position‐dependent measurements of the effective diffusion coefficient are currently: (1) invasive to the biofilm, (2) performed under unnatural conditions, (3) lethal to cells, and/or (4) spatially restricted to only certain regions of the biofilm. Invasive measurements can lead to inaccurate results and prohibit further (time‐dependent) measurements which are important for the mathematical modeling of biofilms. In this study our goals were to: (1) measure the effective diffusion coefficient for water in live biofilms, (2) monitor how the effective diffusion coefficient changes over time under growth conditions, and (3) correlate the effective diffusion coefficient with depth in the biofilm. We measured in situ two‐dimensional effective diffusion coefficient maps within Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 biofilms using pulsed‐field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance methods, and used them to calculate surface‐averaged relative effective diffusion coefficient (Drs) profiles. We found that (1) Drs decreased from the top of the biofilm to the bottom, (2) Drs profiles differed for biofilms of different ages, (3) Drs profiles changed over time and generally decreased with time, (4) all the biofilms showed very similar Drs profiles near the top of the biofilm, and (5) the Drs profile near the bottom of the biofilm was different for each biofilm. Practically, our results demonstrate that advanced biofilm models should use a variable effective diffusivity which changes with time and location in the biofilm. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;106: 928–937. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A study of D‐lactate and extracellular methylglyoxal production in lactate Re‐Utilizing CHO cultures
Authors: Paoli Tomas , Faulkner James , O'kennedy Ronan , Keshavarz‐Moore Eli 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn large‐scale mammalian cell culture, the key toxic by‐products assessed and monitored are lactate and ammonia. Often no distinction between the two isoforms of lactate is made. Here, we present profiles of both D‐ and L‐lactate. D‐Lactate is the end molecule of the methylglyoxal pathway. D‐Lactate unlike L‐lactate is not re‐utilized, and although during normal culture time frames it represents one‐tenth of total lactate, during lactate re‐use it represents nearly 35%. This indicates significant carbon flow through pathways not associated with primary metabolites. We have observed that the behavior of D‐lactate is radically different from that of L‐lactate with the level of one isoform changing, whilst the concentration of the other remains constant. This is an example of an alternate carbon flow pathway containing metabolic intermediates that may potentially have a detrimental effect on cells. The activity of the methylglyoxal pathway when measured as a proportion of glucose consumption in this study far exceeds any previously reported. This highlights the potential importance of “non‐primary” metabolisms to long lifespan mammalian fermentation practices. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 182–189. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk factors for portal venous thrombosis after splenectomy in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension
Authors: Kinjo N , Kawanaka H , Akahoshi T , Tomikawa M , Yamashita N , Konishi K , Tanoue K , Shirabe K , Hashizume M , Maehara Y 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundPortal venous thrombosis (PVT) is a potentially fatal complication following splenectomy. Its mechanisms and risk factors are poorly understood, especially in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. This study investigated risk factors for PVT following splenectomy in such patients.MethodsAll consecutive patients with cirrhosis who underwent splenectomy in Kyushu University Hospital between 1998 and 2004 were included in this retrospective study. They were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of postoperative PVT. Preoperative and operative factors were compared, and the relationships between formation of PVT and its independent variables were analysed. In some cases, portal venous flow was measured before and after splenectomy using duplex Doppler ultrasonography.ResultsPVT developed after surgery in 17 (24 per cent) of 70 patients studied. Multivariable analysis showed that increased splenic vein diameter and low white cell count were significant independent risk factors for PVT. Portal venous flow after splenectomy was greatly reduced in the PVT group, but not in patients without PVT.ConclusionLarge splenic vein diameter and low white cell count are independent risk factors for PVT after splenectomy in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
Monoclonal antibody purification using cationic polyelectrolytes: An alternative to column chromatography
Authors: Peram Thanmaya , McDonald Paul , Carter‐Franklin Jayme , Fahrner Robert 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe potential of cationic polyelectrolytes to precipitate host cell and process related impurities was investigated, to replace one or more chromatography steps in monoclonal antibody purification. The impact of antibody isoelectric point, solution properties (pH and ionic strength), and polyelectrolyte properties (structure, molecular weight and pKa) on the degree of precipitation was studied. At neutral pH, increasing solution ionic strength impeded the ionic interaction between the polyelectrolyte and impurities, reducing impurity precipitation. Increasing polyelectrolyte molecular weight and pKa enabled precipitation of impurities at higher ionic strength. PoIy(arginine) was selected as the preferred polyelectrolyte in unconditioned cell culture fluid. PoIy(arginine) precipitation achieved consistent host cell protein clearance and antibody recovery for multiple antibodies across a wider range of polyelectrolyte concentrations. Poly(arginine) precipitation was evaluated as a flocculant and as a functional replacement for anion exchange chromatography in an antibody purification process. Upstream treatment of cell culture fluid with poly(arginine) resulted in flocculation of solids (cells and cell debris), and antibody recovery and impurity clearance (host cell proteins, DNA and insulin) comparable to the downstream anion exchange chromatography step. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Recombinant Candida rugosa lipase 2 from Pichia pastoris: Immobilization and use as biocatalyst in a stereoselective reaction
Authors: Benaiges M. Dolors , Alarcón Manuel , Fuciños Pablo , Ferrer Pau , Rua Marisa , Valero Francisco 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe characterization of the recombinant Candida rugosa Lip2 (r‐Lip2) isoenzyme obtained from fed‐batch cultures of Pichia pastoris under PAOX promoter was carried out, determining the optimal pH and temperature as well as their catalytic performance in both hydrolysis and synthesis reactions comparing with purified native Lip2 (n‐Lip2) previously determined. The substrate specificity of r‐Lip2 in hydrolysis reactions was determined with a series of triacylglycerols and p‐nitrophenyl esters of variable acyl chain length. r‐Lip2 showed the maximum specificity for both substrates towards medium‐chain esters (C‐8), similar behavior was observed with n‐Lip2. However, significant differences were observed towards unsaturated substrates (triolein) or short‐chain esters. A statistical design applied to study the effect of pH and temperature on lipase stability shown that r‐Lip2, like n‐Lip2, was more sensitive to pH than temperature changes. Nevertheless, the overall stability of soluble r‐Lip2 was lower than soluble n‐Lip2. The stability of r‐lip2 was significantly improved by immobilization onto EP100, an excellent support for lipases with yields around 95% for offered lipolytic activity lower than 600 AU/mL. Finally, immobilized r‐Lip2 was tested in the resolution of ibuprofen in isooctane by means of enantioselective esterification using 1‐butanol as esterifying agent. r‐Lip2 showed a better performance in terms of enantiomeric excess (74%) and enatiomeric factor (96%) than n‐Lip2 (56 and 80%, respectively) for the same conversion (40%). Thus, r‐Lip2 should be considered a good and pure biocatalyst, easy to produce and with a remaining activity of ca. 90% after one reaction cycle when immobilized on EP100. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Automated Generation and Reactions of 3‐Hydroxymethylindoles in Continuous‐Flow Microreactors
Authors: Tricotet Thomas , O'Shea Donal F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn automated sequential approach for the generation and reactions of 3‐hydroxymethylindoles in continuous‐flow microreactors is described. Consecutive halogen–magnesium exchanges of four 3‐iodoindoles followed by addition to three aldehydes provided twelve 3‐hydroxymethylindoles in a multi‐microreactor setup. The synthetic flow strategy could be coupled with an in line continuous liquid–liquid extraction workup protocol for each reaction. Further elaboration of each of these indoles within the fluidic setup was achieved by acid‐catalysed nucleophilic substitutions with allyltrimethylsilane and methanol used as nucleophiles. Overall, a set of four 3‐iodoindoles was converted into thirty‐six indole derivatives by a range of transformations including iodo–magnesium exchange/electrophile trapping and acid‐catalysed nucleophilic substitution in a fully automated sequential fashion.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation with Highly Active IndolPhos–Rh Catalysts: Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Wassenaar Jeroen , Kuil Mark , Lutz Martin , Spek Anthony L. , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe mechanism of the IndolPhos–Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral olefins has been investigated by means of X‐ray crystal structure determination, kinetic measurements, high‐pressure NMR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. The mechanistic study indicates that the reaction follows an unsaturate/dihydride mechanism according to Michaelis–Menten kinetics. A large value of KM (KM=5.01±0.16 M) is obtained, which indicates that the Rh–solvate complex is the catalyst resting state, which has been observed by high‐pressure NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations on the substrate–catalyst complexes, which are undetectable by experimental means, suggest that the major substrate–catalyst complex leads to the product. Such a mechanism is in accordance with previous studies on the mechanism of asymmetric hydrogenation reactions with C1‐symmetric heteroditopic and monodentate ligands.
Peptoid Macrocycles: Making the Rounds with Peptidomimetic Oligomers
Authors: Yoo Barney , Shin Sung Bin Y. , Huang Mia Lace , Kirshenbaum Kent 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMacrocyclic constraints are often employed to rigidify the conformation of flexible oligomeric systems. This approach has recently been used to organize the structure of peptoid oligomers, which are peptidomimetics composed of chemically diverse N‐substituted glycine monomer units. In this review, we describe advances in the synthesis and characterization of cyclic peptoids. We evaluate how the installation of covalent constraints between the oligomer termini or side chains has been effective in defining peptoid conformations. We also discuss the potential applications for this promising family of macrocyclic peptidomimetics.
ChemInform Abstract: catena‐Poly[bis(trimethylphenylammonium) [hexa‐μ‐chlorido‐dichloridotricuprate(II)]]: An Alternating Zigzag Chain of CuCl4 and Cu2Cl6 Complexes.
Authors: Bond Marcus R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescence Properties and Energy Transfer of Site‐Sensitive Ca6‐x‐yMgx‐z (PO4)4:Euy2+, Mnz2+ Phosphors and Their Application to Near‐UV LED‐Based White LEDSs.
Authors: Kwon Ki Hyuk , Im Won Bin , Jang Ho Seong , Yoo Hyoung Sun , Jeon Duk Young 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of (R1‐xR′x)2(Fe,Co)17 Powders by Moessbauer Spectrometry.
Authors: Richomme F. , Le Breton J. M. , Ben Kraiem M. S. , Cheikhrouhou A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.