bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial symptom‐response to proton pump inhibitors in patients with non‐erosive reflux disease or reflux oesophagitis – a post hoc analysis of 5796 patients
Authors: Bytzer P. , van Zanten S. Veldhuyzen , Mattsson H. , Wernersson B. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryBackgroundAlthough most patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) benefit from proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, some experience only partial symptom relief.AimTo determine the prevalence of partial heartburn response to PPIs and its impact on health‐related quality of life.MethodsFour randomised, double‐blind studies in adults with reflux disease compared esomeprazole 40 mg/day or 20 mg/day with omeprazole 20 mg/day, or esomeprazole 40 mg/day with pantoprazole 40 mg/day. Patients with heartburn on ≥4 days during the 1‐week recall period at baseline were included. Partial response was defined as heartburn on ≥3 days during the last treatment week and reduced heartburn frequency after 4 weeks of treatment compared with baseline.ResultsThe analysis included 2645 patients with non‐erosive reflux disease (mean age: 48.8 years; 54.4% women) and 3151 patients with reflux oesophagitis (mean age: 50.6 years; 37.1% women). At baseline, most patients reported heartburn on 5–7 days (non‐erosive reflux disease: 82.2%; reflux oesophagitis: 86.8%). Partial heartburn response occurred in 19.9% of patients with non‐erosive reflux disease and 14.0% with reflux oesophagitis. Defining partial response as heartburn on ≥2 days increased these rates to 26.2% and 19.3%, respectively; defining partial response as heartburn of moderate or severe intensity on ≥3 days decreased these rates to 6.4% and 5.3%, respectively. Nonresponse to PPIs was rare (non‐erosive reflux disease: 2.4%; reflux oesophagitis: 1.4%).ConclusionUsing our conservative definition, partial heartburn response to proton pump inhibitor therapy occurred in 14–20% of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease patients, more commonly in non‐erosive reflux disease than in reflux oesophagitis.
Contrasting effects of low and high nitrogen additions on soil CO2 flux components and ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp production in a boreal forest
Authors: Hasselquist Niles J. , Metcalfe Daniel B. , Högberg Peter 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNitrogen (N) added through atmospheric deposition or as fertilizer to boreal and temperate forests reduces both soil decomposer activity (heterotrophic respiration) and the activity of roots and mycorrhizal fungi (autotrophic respiration). However, these negative effects have been found in studies that applied relatively high levels of N, whereas the responses to ambient atmospheric N deposition rates are still not clear. Here, we compared an unfertilized control boreal forest with a fertilized forest (100 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and a forest subject to N‐deposition rates comparable to those in Central Europe (20 kg N ha−1 yr−1) to investigate the effects of N addition rate on different components of forest floor respiration and the production of ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarps. Soil collars were used to partition heterotrophic (Rh) and autotrophic (Ra) respiration, which was further separated into respiration by tree roots (Rtr) and mycorrhizal hyphae (Rm). Total forest floor respiration was twice as high in the low N plot compared to the control, whereas there were no differences between the control and high N plot. There were no differences in Rh respiration among plots. The enhanced forest floor respiration in the low N plot was, therefore, the result of increased Ra respiration, with an increase in Rtr respiration, and a doubling of Rm respiration. The latter was corroborated by a slightly greater ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal sporocarp production in the low N plot as compared to the control plot. In contrast, EM fungal sporocarp production was nearly eliminated, and Rm respiration severely reduced, in the high N plot, which resulted in significantly lower Ra respiration. We thus found a nonlinear response of the Ra components to N addition rate, which calls for further studies of the quantitative relations among N addition rate, plant photosynthesis and carbon allocation, and the function of EM fungi.
Gambling in Australia: experiences, problems, research and policy
Authors: Delfabbro Paul , King Daniel 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTAims  The aim of this paper is to provide a critical overview of the development and current status of gambling in Australia.Methods  The paper examines the history and current status of gambling in Australia with a particular focus on the prevalence of problem gambling in the community and developments in policy and treatment services.Results  The paper highlights the contradictory role of State governments as both providers of treatment services as well as agents for the liberalization for gambling. It also shows how the notion of ‘addiction’ is conceptualized in Australian research and treatment services, including the preference for harm‐based and public health approaches. Such perspectives view problem gambling as having multiple pathways and determinants that extend beyond the pathology of individuals.Conclusions  Gambling in Australia provides a curious paradox. Highly liberalized State government policies that allow the proliferation of high intensity gambling coexist with extensive policy, regulation and research designed to address the negative impact of gambling on the Australian community.
Using palaeolimnological and limnological data to reconstruct the recent history of European lake ecosystems: introduction
Authors: BATTARBEE RICHARD W. , BENNION HELEN 
Published: August 2012

Summary1. As future climate change is expected to have a major impact on freshwater lake ecosystems, it is important to assess the extent to which changes taking place in freshwater lakes can be attributed to the degree of climate change that has already taken place.2. To address this issue, it is necessary to examine evidence spanning many decades by combining long‐term observational data sets and palaeolimnological records.3. Here, we introduce a series of case studies of seven European lakes for which both long‐term data sets and sediment records are available. Most of the sites have been affected by eutrophication and are now in recovery.4. The studies attempt to disentangle the effects of climate change from those of nutrient pollution and conclude that nutrient pollution is still the dominant factor controlling the trophic state of lakes.5. At most sites, however, there is also evidence of climate influence related in some cases to natural variability in the climate system, and in others to the trend to higher temperatures over recent decades attributed to anthropogenic warming.6. More generally and despite some problems, the studies indicate the value of combining limnological and palaeolimnological records in reconstructing lake history and in disentangling the changing role of different pressures on lake ecosystems.
5,7‐Dihydroxy‐3,4,6‐trimethoxyflavone inhibits intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 via the Akt and nuclear factor‐κB‐dependent pathway, leading to suppression of adhesion of monocytes and eosinophils to bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Jung Jireh , Ko Su H. , Yoo Do Y. , Lee Jin Y. , Kim Yeong‐Jeon , Choi Seul M. , Kang Kyung K. , Yoon Ho J. , Kim Hyeyoung , Youn Jeehee , Kim Jung M. 
Published: August 2012

Summary5,7‐Dihydroxy‐3′,4′,6′‐trimethoxyflavone (eupatilin), the active pharmacological ingredient from Artemisia asiatica Nakai (Asteraceae), is reported to have a variety of anti‐inflammatory properties in intestinal epithelial cells. However, little information is known about the molecular mechanism of eupatilin‐induced attenuation of bronchial epithelial inflammation. This study investigates the role of eupatilin in the adhesion of inflammatory cells such as monocytes and eosinophils to bronchial epithelial cells. Stimulation of a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS‐2B) with tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) increased the expression of surface adhesion molecules, including intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1), in which eupatilin significantly inhibited the expression of those adhesion molecules in a dose‐dependent manner. Eupatilin suppressed the TNF‐α‐induced activation of IκBα and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signals in BEAS‐2B cells. The IκB kinase (IKK) activation was also significantly reduced in eupatilin‐pre‐treated BEAS‐2B and primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. However, eupatilin did not influence AP‐1 activity in TNF‐α‐stimulated cells. Suppression of NF‐κB signalling induced by eupatilin resulted in the inhibition of the expression of adhesion molecules and the adhesion of monocytes and eosinophils to BEAS‐2B cells. Furthermore, eupatilin suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt in TNF‐α‐stimulated BEAS‐2B and NHBE cells, leading to down‐regulation of NF‐κB activation and adhesion molecule expression and finally to suppression of the inflammatory cell adhesion to epithelial cells. These results suggest that eupatilin can inhibit the adhesion of inflammatory cells to bronchial epithelial cells via a signalling pathway, including activation of Akt and NF‐κB, as well as expression of adhesion molecules.
Sweet potato protein hydrolysates: antioxidant activity and protective effects on oxidative DNA damage
Authors: Zhang Miao , Mu Tai‐Hua , Sun Min‐Jie 
Published: August 2012

SummaryIn this study, sweet potato protein (SPP) hydrolysates were prepared by six enzymes (alcalase, proleather FG‐F, AS1.398, neutrase, papain and pepsin). The antioxidant activities and protective effect against oxidative DNA damage of SPP hydrolysates were investigated. Alcalase hydrolysates exhibited the highest hydroxyl radical‐scavenging activity (IC50 1.74 mg mL−1) and Fe2+‐chelating ability (IC50 1.54 mg mL−1) (P < 0.05). Compared with other five hydrolysates, the hydrolysates obtained by alcalase had the most abundant <3‐kDa fractions. In addition, below 3‐kDa fractions of alcalase hydrolysates showed the highest antioxidant activities and protective effects against DNA damage through both scavenging hydroxyl radicals and chelating Fe2+, which was probably because of the increase in several antioxidant amino acids, such as His, Met, Cys, Tyr and Phe, as well as the hydrophobic amino acids. The results suggested that enzymatic hydrolysis could be used as an effective technique to produce high value‐added peptides products from SPP.
Microwave drying of ginger (Zingiber officinaleRoscoe) and its effects on polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity
Authors: Kubra Ismail R. , Jagan Mohan Rao Lingamallu 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe effects of microwave (MW) drying on the total polyphenol content (TPP) and antioxidant properties of ginger extract (column extraction using 50% ethanol at room temperature) were evaluated using the Folin–Ciocalteau's method, 2, 2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl assay, reducing power, antioxidant capacity and ferric reducing ability of plasma assay. The results were compared to that of the convective cross‐flow drying (CD) at 50 ± 4 °C. Extract yield, TPP content (59–80 mg GAE per g) of the MW‐dried samples increased with increase in MW power levels (PL 40, 60, 80 and 100), which might be as a result of MW energy causing breakdown of cellular constituents. The MW‐dried (PL100, 800W) extract showed the highest quantity (1.5 fold) in TPP, [6]‐gingerol content and antioxidant activity, when compared to the CD extract. Hence, it might be concluded that the optimal MW PL for drying of ginger slices with respect to retention of nonvolatiles such as TPP including [6]‐gingerol was PL 100.
The loss of OSA‐modified starch emulsifier property during the high‐pressure homogeniser and encapsulation of multi‐flavour bergamot oil by spray drying
Authors: Penbunditkul Pailin , Yoshii Hidefumi , Ruktanonchai Uracha , Charinpanitkul Tawatchai , Assabumrungrat Suttichai , Soottitantawat Apinan 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe encapsulation of bergamot oil by spray drying was investigated by using octenyl succinylated waxy maize starch as wall material and bergamot oil as core. The bergamot oil is majorly composed of d‐limonene, linalool and linalyl acetate. High‐speed and high‐pressure homogenisers were used as major tools of emulsification process. The results indicated that some chemical functional groups were lost during the high‐pressure homogenisation. Moreover, larger emulsion droplet size (5–10 μm) was observed when emulsion passed through high‐pressure homogeniser. Meanwhile, the saturation of carrier solution before preparing the emulsion was also important to produce the encapsulated flavour powder by spray drying. The optimal value of air inlet temperature at 160 °C to give the highest flavour retention and the lowest surface oil content was observed. Furthermore, the retention of linalool after spray drying was higher than 100%. The transformation of each flavour might occur.
Detection of clenbuterol in beef meat, liver and kidney by mid‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐Mid IR) and multivariate analysis
Authors: Meza‐Márquez Ofelia G. , Gallardo‐Velázquez Tzayhrí , Osorio‐Revilla Guillermo , Dorantes‐Álvarez Lidia 
Published: August 2012

SummaryMid‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐Mid IR) coupled with multivariate analysis was used to predict clenbuterol in beef meat, liver and kidney. A SIMCA model was also developed to discriminate between pure (beef meat, liver and kidney) and spiked with clenbuterol samples (beef meat‐clenbuterol, liver‐clenbuterol and kidney‐clenbuterol). The best models to predict clenbuterol concentrations were obtained using the partial least squares algorithm (PLS) with a R2 > 0.9 and SEC and standard error of prediction <0.296 and 0.324, respectively. The SIMCA model used to discriminate pure and spiked with clenbuterol samples showed 100% correct classification rate. Methods detection limit was 2 μg kg−1. FT‐Mid IR coupled with chemometrics could be a simple and rapid screening tool for monitoring clenbuterol in beef meat, liver and kidney implicated in food poisoning. This method could be use for screening purposes.
Chemical and microbiological status and volatile profiles of mouldy Civil cheese, a Turkish mould‐ripened variety
Authors: Cakmakci Songül , Gundogdu Engin , Hayaloglu Ali A. , Dagdemir Elif , Gurses Mustafa , Cetin Bulent , Tahmas‐Kahyaoglu Deren 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe objective of this study is to characterise the gross chemical and microbiological status and identify the volatile compounds of mouldy Civil cheeses. A total of forty‐one samples were surveyed, and gross compositional status of the cheeses was (as mean values): 6.5 for pH, 6.2% for fat‐in‐dry matter, 51.8% for moisture and 15.3% for water‐soluble nitrogen (as% of total nitrogen). Chemical composition of the cheese samples varied widely. Mouldy Civil cheese has similar pH values and moisture contents when compared with blue‐type cheeses, but it has distinct feature for fat contents. The microbiological counts of the samples were found to be high and some samples contained coliform bacteria. A total of 95 volatiles, including esters (28), acids (6), ketones (12), aldehydes (3), alcohols (15), terpenes (10), sulphur compounds (3) and miscellaneous (18), were identified in the volatile fractions of the cheeses, and principal volatile groups were esters, alcohols and ketones.
Identifying the core competencies of mental health telephone triage
Authors: Sands Natisha , Elsom Stephen , Gerdtz Marie , Henderson Kathryn , Keppich‐Arnold Sandra , Droste Nicolas , Prematunga Roshani K , Wereta Zewdu W 
Published: August 2012

Aims and objectives.  The primary aim of this study was to identify the core competencies of mental health telephone triage, including key role tasks, skills, knowledge and responsibilities, in which clinicians are required to be competent to perform safe and effective triage.Background.  Recent global trends indicate an increased reliance on telephone‐based health services to facilitate access to health care across large populations. The trend towards telephone‐based health services has also extended to mental health settings, evidenced by the growing number of mental health telephone triage services providing 24‐hour access to specialist mental health assessment and treatment. Mental health telephone triage services are critical to the early identification of mental health problems and the provision of timely, appropriate interventions. In spite of the rapid growth in mental health telephone triage and the important role these services play in the assessment and management of mental illness and related risks, there has been very little research investigating this area of practice.Design.  An observational design was employed to address the research aims.Methods.  Structured observations (using dual wireless headphones) were undertaken on 197 occasions of mental health telephone triage over a three‐month period from January to March 2011.Results.  The research identified seven core areas of mental health telephone triage practice in which clinicians are required to be competent in to perform effective mental health telephone triage, including opening the call; performing mental status examination; risk assessment; planning and action; termination of call; referral and reporting; and documentation.Conclusions.  The findings of this research contribute to the evidence base for mental health telephone triage by articulating the core competencies for practice.Relevance to clinical practice.  The mental health telephone triage competencies identified in this research may be used to define an evidence‐based framework for mental health telephone triage practice that aims to improve the quality, consistency and accuracy of telephone‐based mental health triage assessment.
The experience of becoming a grandmother to a premature infant – a balancing act, influenced by ambivalent feelings
Authors: Frisman Gunilla H , Eriksson Carrie , Pernehed Sara , Mörelius Evalotte 
Published: August 2012

Aims and objectives.  To explore and describe the experience of becoming a grandmother to a premature infant.Background.  Becoming a grandmother involves a new perspective of life. Grandmothers of sick infants find themselves in a new situation with an adult child undergoing serious stress. Few studies have approached the grandmothers’ own experience of becoming a grandmother to a premature infant.Design.  A qualitative content analysis was used.Methods.  Eleven women, 52–66 years of age, who were grandmothers to premature infants born at a gestational age of 25–34 weeks, were interviewed during 2010. The infants were less than three years old at the time of the interview. The interviews were analysed with qualitative content analysis.Results.  The overall theme was a balancing act. Two categories of experience were identified: emotional experiences and a new role. ‘Emotional experiences’ was related to the first meeting, ambivalent feelings and confidence in care. ‘A new role’ was related to the subcategories supportive, a balance of involvement and limitations.Conclusions.  To become a grandmother to a premature infant was experienced as a balancing act influenced by ambivalent feelings of joy, fear and worry. The grandmothers sensed the seriousness of the situation at the same time as they wanted to be happy about the newborn infant. They worried about their adult child’s as well as the premature infant’s health but put their own needs aside. The grandmothers’ new role was a balance between being involved and supportive without disturbing.Relevance to clinical practice.  Neonatal intensive care unit staff should be open to grandmothers’ needs and acknowledge them as an obvious support for the immediate family of a premature infant. The grandmothers need guidance and information about what to expect concerning the infants health, the parents situation and their own role.
Objective and subjective measures of sleepiness, and their associations with on‐road driving events in shift workers
Authors: FTOUNI SUZANNE , SLETTEN TRACEY L. , HOWARD MARK , ANDERSON CLARE , LENNÉ MICHAEL G. , LOCKLEY STEVEN W. , RAJARATNAM SHANTHA M. W. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryTo assess the relationships between sleepiness and the incidence of adverse driving events in nurses commuting to and from night and rotating shifts, 27 rotating and permanent night shift‐working nurses were asked to complete daily sleep and duty logs, and wear wrist‐activity monitors for 2 weeks (369 driving sessions). During all commutes, ocular measures of drowsiness, including the Johns Drowsiness Scale score, were assessed using the Optalert™ system. Participants self‐reported their subjective sleepiness at the beginning and end of each drive, and any events that occurred during the drive. Rotating shift nurses reported higher levels of sleepiness compared with permanent night shift nurses. In both shift‐working groups, self‐reported sleepiness, drowsiness and drive events were significantly higher during commutes following night shifts compared with commutes before night shifts. Strong associations were found between objective drowsiness and increased odds of driving events during commutes following night shifts. Maximum total blink duration (mean = 7.96 s) during the drive and pre‐drive Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (mean = 5.0) were associated with greater incidence of sleep‐related events [OR, 5.35 (95% CI, 1.32, 21.60), OR, 1.69 (95% CI, 1.04, 2.73), respectively]. Inattention was strongly associated with a Johns Drowsiness Scale score equal to or above 4.5 [OR, 4.58 (95% CI, 1.26–16.69)]. Hazardous driving events were more likely to occur when drivers had been awake for 16 h or more [OR, 4.50 (95% CI, 1.81, 11.16)]. Under real‐world driving conditions, shift‐working nurses experience high levels of drowsiness as indicated by ocular measures, which are associated with impaired driving performance following night shift work.
Rate coefficients for the rovibrational excitation of CO by H2 and He
Authors: Flower D. R. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Cross-sections and rate coefficients have been calculated for the rovibrational excitation of CO by ortho- and para-H2 and by He. We adopted the quantal coupled channels method of solving the scattering equations, including CO rotational levels in the v = 0, 1 and 2 vibrational manifolds. Comparison is made with the results of previous calculations, which employed different interaction potentials and less accurate approximations to the collision dynamics. We consider that the present calculations yield reliable values of the rate coefficients for rovibrational excitation of CO at kinetic temperatures T ≈ 103 K.