bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Mucin Lewis Status in Resistance to Helicobacter pylori Infection in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Lindén Sara , Semino‐Mora Cristina , Liu Hui , Rick James , Dubois Andre 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis, peptic ulcer and is a risk factor for adenocarcinoma and lymphoma of the stomach. Gastric mucins, carrying highly diverse carbohydrate structures, present functional binding sites for H. pylori and may play a role in pathogenesis. However, little information is available regarding gastric mucin in children with and without stomach diseases.Materials and Methods:  Expression of mucins and glycosylation was studied by immunohistochemistry on gastric biopsies from 51 children with and without H. pylori infection and/or peptic ulcer disease.Results:  In all children, MUC5AC was present in the surface epithelium and MUC6 in the glands. No MUC6 in the surface epithelium or MUC2 was detected in any section. The Leb and Lea blood group antigens were present in the surface epithelium of 80% and 29% of children, respectively. H. pylori load was higher in Leb negative children than in Leb positive individuals (mean ± SEM 17.8 ± 3.5 vs 10.8 ± 1.5; p < 0.05), but there was no correlation between Lea or Leb status and gastritis, nodularity, and gastric or duodenal ulcer (DU). Expression of sialyl‐Lex was associated with H. pylori infection, and DU.Conclusions:  Mucin expression and glycosylation is similar in children and adults. However, in contrast to adults, pediatric H. pylori infection is not accompanied by aberrant expression of MUC6 or MUC2. Furthermore, the lower H. pylori density in Leb positive children indicates that H. pylori is suppressed in the presence of gastric mucins decorated with Leb, the binding site of the H. pylori BabA adhesin.
Zeolites in fissures of granites and gneisses of the Central Alps
Authors: WEISENBERGER T. , BUCHER K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSix different Ca‐zeolite minerals are widespread in various assemblages in late fissures and fractures in granites and gneisses of the Swiss Alps. The zeolites formed as a result of water–rock interaction at relatively low temperatures (<250 °C) in the continental upper crust. The zeolites typically overgrow earlier minerals of the fissure assemblages, but zeolites also occur as monomineralic fissure fillings. They represent the youngest fissure minerals formed during uplift and exhumation of the Alpine orogen. A systematic study of zeolite samples showed that the majority of finds originate from three regions particularity rich in zeolite‐bearing fissures: (i) in the central and eastern part of the Aar‐ and Gotthard Massifs; (2) Gibelsbach/Fiesch, in a fissure breccia located at the boundary of Aar Massif and Permian sedimentary rocks; and (3) in Penninic gneisses of the Simano nappe at Arvigo (Val Calanca). Rail and road tunnel construction across the Aar‐ and Gotthard Massif provided excellent data on zeolite frequency in Alpine fissures. It was found that 32% (Gotthard NEAT rail base tunnel, Amsteg section) and 18% (Gotthard road tunnel) of all studied fissures are filled with zeolites. The number of different zeolites is limited to six species: laumontite, stilbite and scolecite are abundant and common, whereas heulandite, chabazite and epistilbite occur occasionally. Calcium is the dominant extra‐framework cation, with minor K and Na. Heulandite and chabazite contain Sr up to 29 and 10 mol.% extra‐framework cations respectively. Na and K contents in zeolites tend to increase during growth as a result of changes in fluid composition and/or temperature. The K enrichment of stilbite found in surface outcrops compared to subsurface samples may indicate late stage cation exchange with surface water. Texture data, relative age sequences derived from fissure assemblages and equilibrium calculations show that the Ca‐dominated zeolites precipitated from fluid with decreasing temperature in the order (old to young = hot to cold): scolecite, laumontite, heulandite, chabazite and stilbite. The necessary components for zeolite formation are derived from dissolving primary granite and gneiss minerals. The nature of these minerals depends, among other factors, on the metamorphic history of the host rock. Zeolites in the Aar Massif derived from the dissolution of epidote, secondary calcite and albite that were originally formed during Alpine greenschist metamorphism from primary granite and gneiss assemblages. Zeolite fissures occur in areas of H2O‐dominated fluids. This is consistent with equilibrium calculations that predict a low CO2 tolerance of zeolite assemblages, particularly at low temperature.
Guanfacine and Guanfacine Extended Release: Treatment for ADHD and Related Disorders
Authors: Posey David J. , McDougle Christopher J. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTGuanfacine, an α2A adrenoceptor agonist, is U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved for the treatment of hypertension in adolescents and adults. It also has been used "off‐label" for several years in children as a possible treatment for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). Small placebo‐controlled trials support the use of guanfacine for the treatment of ADHD. There is more limited research on the use of guanfacine in treating hyperactivity occurring in children diagnosed with PDD. Recently, guanfacine extended release (GXR), a once‐daily formulation has been manufactured and studied in phase III clinical trials. Based on preliminary scientific presentations, it also appears to be efficacious in improving ADHD in children. The most common adverse effects associated with guanfacine and GXR treatment is sedation. Adverse cardiovascular effects are uncommon, although modest reductions in blood pressure and heart rate are common. If GXR is FDA‐approved, it would be the first α2A adrenoceptor agonist marketed for ADHD.
Do older adults have equitable access to specialist epilepsy services?
Authors: Reuber Markus , Torane Pravin , Mack Carina 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe number of older patients with epilepsy has been increasing steadily. We assessed whether older adults with epilepsy have equitable access to our regional specialist service, designed to serve all patients regardless of age or their ability to pay. We examined the records of 846 adults under the current care of our epilepsy service and used data from a previous epidemiologic study to estimate the proportion of local patients accessing our service in different age groups. Whereas 43.7% of adults younger than age 20 were using the specialist service, only 2.3% of people with epilepsy who were 85 and older had been referred. The results raise the possibility of inadvertent age discrimination, putting older adults with seizures at greater risk for misdiagnoses and suboptimal management.
Bilateral akinetic seizures: A clinical and electroencephalographic description
Authors: Toledano Rafael , García‐Morales Irene , Kurtis Mónica M. , Pérez‐Sempere Ángel , Ciordia Roberto , Gil‐Nagel Antonio 
Published: July 2010

SummaryPurpose:  The main feature of akinetic seizures is the inhibition of voluntary movements without impairment of awareness. Most clinical information about akinetic seizures has been obtained from cortical electrical stimulation studies, whereas clinical and video–electroen‐cephalography (EEG) features have not been described thoroughly. We aimed to analyze clinical and EEG characteristics of bilateral akinetic seizures (BAS).Methods:  Patients with BAS were retrospectively identified from 1,858 consecutive video‐EEG studies. All patients had ictal video‐EEG, comprehensive clinical evaluation, neuropsychological testing, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results:  Ten patients (nine men) were identified; mean age was 22.5 years (range 0.3–71 years) at the time of epilepsy onset and 34.9 years (range 5–73 years) at the time of evaluation. BAS was the only seizure type in four patients. BAS consisted of sudden speech and motor arrest in eight patients, whereas in two patients seizures were characterized by abrupt freezing precipitated by gait initiation. Startle precipitated BAS in four patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed mesial frontal lobe lesions in six patients. Epileptiform activity was restricted to the frontal midline electrodes in all patients, with variable extension to frontal regions. In five patients, BAS were initially misdiagnosed as generalized seizures or nonepileptic events.Discussion:  BAS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients reporting paroxysmal inability to move with preservation of awareness, bearing in mind that these seizures can occur spontaneously or be precipitated by startle. The diagnosis can be achieved with video‐EEG monitoring, showing stereotyped semiology and distinctive EEG abnormalities, and is often supported by the presence of lesions involving the frontal lobes.
Intractable occipital lobe epilepsy: Clinical characteristics and surgical treatment
Authors: Jobst Barbara C. , Williamson Peter D. , Thadani Vijay M. , Gilbert Karen L. , Holmes Gregory L. , Morse Richard P. , Darcey Terrance M. , Duhaime Ann‐Christine , Bujarski Krysztof A. , Roberts David W. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryIntractable occipital lobe epilepsy remains a surgical challenge. Clinical characteristics of 14 patients were analyzed. Twelve patients had surgery, seven patients had visual auras (50%) and only eight patients (57%) had posterior scalp EEG changes. Ictal single‐proton emission computed tomography (SPECT) incorrectly localized in 7 of 10 patients. Six patients (50%) had Engel’s class I outcome. Patients with inferior occipital seizure onset appeared to fare better (three of four class I) than patients with lateral or medial occipital seizure onset (three of eight class I). Patients who had all three occipital surfaces covered with electrodes had a better outcome (four of five class I) than patients who had limited electroencephalography (EEG) coverage (two of seven class I). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions did not guarantee a seizure free outcome. In conclusion, visual auras, scalp EEG, and imaging findings are not reliable for correct identification of occipital onset. Occipital seizure onset can be easily missed in nonlesional epilepsy. Comprehensive intracranial EEG coverage of all three occipital surfaces leads to better outcomes.
Penetration enhancement of two topical 5‐aminolaevulinic acid formulations for photodynamic therapy by erbium:YAG laser ablation of the stratum corneum: continuous versus fractional ablation
Authors: Forster Bernadette , Klein Annette , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Maisch Tim 
Published: July 2010

Please cite this paper as: Penetration enhancement of two topical 5‐aminolaevulinic acid formulations for photodynamic therapy by erbium:YAG laser ablation of the stratum corneum: continuous versus fractional ablation. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 806–812.Abstract:  5‐Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) is used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Response rates of PDT vary widely, which may be because of the limited uptake of topically applied photosensitisers. We investigated skin penetration and fluorescence induction of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) after applying either 20% ALA cream or 20% aminolaevulinic acid solution on laser‐stripped stratum corneum (SC) in an ex vivo full‐thickness porcine skin model. Both formulations are used in clinical practice. To enhance the skin penetration of ALA, we used two different 2940‐nm erbium:yttrium–aluminium–garnet (Er:YAG) laser systems to partially ablate the SC: continuous and fractional ablation. Different fluences were applied ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 J/cm2 (continuous ablation) and from 4 to 24 J/cm2 (fractional ablation). Fluorescence microscopy was used for detecting PpIX‐induced fluorescence. Compared to skin without laser pretreatment, mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of PpIX was enhanced 13.8‐fold after continuous ablation with 1.0 J/cm2 and 7.3‐fold after fractional ablation with 4 J/cm2; each laser procedure was followed by 4‐h incubation with lipophilic ALA cream. Optimal parameters for continuous ablation without damage to the epidermis were 1 J/cm2 for both formulations, fractional ablation was best with 4 J/cm2. Histological evaluations of laser‐treated skin showed necrosis and apoptosis, depending on light dose. In laser‐stripped skin, PpIX fluorescence was detected earlier and reached deeper epidermal layers than in untreated skin. Continuous laser ablation induced higher PpIX fluorescence levels than fractional ablation. This method offers a promising new tool for enhancing ALA penetration in PDT without damaging the underlying tissue.
Topical application of TRPM8 agonists accelerates skin permeability barrier recovery and reduces epidermal proliferation induced by barrier insult: role of cold‐sensitive TRP receptors in epidermal permeability barrier homoeostasis
Authors: Denda Mitsuhiro , Tsutsumi Moe , Denda Sumiko 
Published: July 2010

Please cite this paper as: Topical application of TRPM8 agonists accelerates skin permeability barrier recovery and reduces epidermal proliferation induced by barrier insult: role of cold‐sensitive TRP receptors in epidermal permeability barrier homoeostasis. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 791–795.Abstract:  TRPA1 and TRPM8 receptors are activated at low temperature (A1: below 17°C and M8: below 22°C). Recently, we observed that low temperature (below 22°C) induced elevation of intracellular calcium in keratinocytes. Moreover, we demonstrated that topical application of TRPA1 agonists accelerated the recovery of epidermal permeability barrier function after disruption. In this study, we examined the effect of topical application of TRPM8 modulators on epidermal permeability barrier homoeostasis. Immunohistochemical study and RT‐PCR confirmed the expression of TRPM8 or TRPM8‐like protein in epidermal keratinocytes. Topical application of TRPM8 agonists, menthol and WS 12 accelerated barrier recovery after tape stripping. The effect of WS12 was blocked by a non‐selective TRP antagonist, Ruthenium Red, and a TRPM8‐specific antagonist, BTCT. Topical application of WS12 also reduced epidermal proliferation associated with barrier disruption under low humidity, and this effect was blocked by BTCT. Our results indicate that TRPM8 or a closely related protein in epidermal keratinocytes plays a role in epidermal permeability barrier homoeostasis and epidermal proliferation after barrier insult.
Relationship of stimulated whole saliva cortisol level with the severity of a feeling of dry mouth in menopausal women
Authors: Agha‐Hosseini Farzaneh , Mirzaii‐Dizgah Iraj , Mirjalili Narges 
Published: July 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00403.xRelationship of stimulated whole saliva cortisol level with the severity of a feeling of dry mouth in menopausal womenObjectives:  To evaluate the relationship of stimulated whole saliva cortisol level with the severity of a feeling of dry mouth (DM) in menopausal women.Background:  A feel of DM is a major complaint for many elderly individuals and strongly associated with the menopause. The exact mechanisms that mediate sensation of DM in menopausal women have not been firmly established.Methods:  A case–control study was carried out on 104 selected menopausal women with/without a feeling of DM, conducted at the Clinic of Oral Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Xerostomia Inventory (XI) score was used as an index of DM severity. Stimulated whole saliva cortisol concentration (stimulated by chewing standard‐sized paraffin for 60 s) was measured by ELISA. Statistical analysis by Student’s t‐test and Spearman correlation was used.Results:  The mean cortisol concentration of saliva, but not saliva cortisol output, was significantly higher in the cases than in the controls. There was significant positive correlation between XI score and concentration (r = 0.357, p = 0.000) or output (r = 0.223, p = 0.017) of stimulated whole saliva cortisol.Conclusions:  It appears that stimulated whole saliva cortisol is high in menopausal women with a feeling of DM.
Emergency clinician performed ultrasound: Availability, uses and credentialing in Australian emergency departments
Authors: Nagaraj Guruprasad , Chu Matthew , Dinh Michael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective:  To determine the current availability, uses and credentialing processes of emergency clinician performed ultrasound (EDUS) in Australian ED.Methods:  Cross‐sectional survey of Australian ED that are accredited for advanced training.Results:  Ninety‐four per cent of respondents (67/71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 86–98%) reported availability of EDUS. Availability was similar in both major referral and non‐major referral ED. The most common uses for EDUS were focused abdominal sonography for trauma in 93% (62/67, 95% CI 83–97%), vascular access procedures in 90% (60/67, 95% CI 80–95%) and abdominal aortic aneurysm assessment in 88% of respondents (59/67, 95% CI 78–94%). Of the 67 departments with EDUS availability, 60% (40/67, 95% CI 48–71%) had a credentialing process. Of the major referral group 80% (20/25, 95% CI 61–91%) had a credentialing process compared with 52% (20/42, 95% CI 33–62%) in the non‐major referral group.Conclusion:  Emergency department ultrasound is widely available in Australia. Only 60% of surveyed ED had a credentialing process in place for EDUS. This may be of concern given the current Australasian College for Emergency Medicine policy regarding EDUS.
On the interpretation of the apparent existence of a preferred magnetic polarity in extragalactic jet sources
Authors: Königl Arieh 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Contopoulos et al. recently argued that there is observational evidence for a preferred sense of the Faraday rotation-measure gradients across jets from active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Such behaviour could arise if there were a deterministic relationship between the polarity of the poloidal magnetic field that threads the outflow and the sense of rotation of the outflow's source. Based on this interpretation, Countopoulos et al. suggested that their finding supports a model for the origin of cosmic magnetic fields in a Poynting–Robertson process operating in AGN accretion discs. Here I point out that an alternative explanation of such a relationship could be that the Hall current plays a key role in the magnetohydrodynamics of the underlying disc. In this picture, the measured Faraday rotation is dominated by the contribution of a centrifugally driven wind that is launched from the weakly ionized outer region of the disc. Additional observations are, however, needed to verify the claimed behaviour.
ANALYSIS OF INSTRUMENTAL AND SENSORY TEXTURE ATTRIBUTES OF MICROWAVE–CONVECTIVE DRIED APPLES
Authors: MARZEC AGATA , KOWALSKA HANNA , ZADROŻNA MONIKA 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was investigation of the influence of microwave‐convective drying parameters, like microwave power on quality of dried apple slices. Experiments were carried out under different microwave power levels (100–300 W) at temperature of 30 and 40C. The scope of the study comprised measurement of instrumental features and sensory attributes of the texture of dried. The results showed that the values of instrumental texture properties of dried apple slices depend on the parameters of the drying process. At both of the analyzed apple drying temperatures along with an increase of microwave power there was also an increase in the value of acoustic emission events and the partition power spectrum slope. Sensory analysis of texture characteristics showed that along with an increase in the microwave power the dehydrated apple had darker color and its hardness increased. High correlations between the instrumental and sensory parameters of dried apple were observed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSNew technologies are being sought – technologies that would be more effective and would provide a high quality product. The microwave drying of apples is an alternative method that might bring many benefits, including improvement in dehydrated apple quality. Microwave drying requires a choice of adequate drying parameters for apple varieties. Texture is one of the most important quality attributes of food products. Analysis of mechanical and acoustic properties will make it possible to for on objective opinion on the quality of the final product, witch along with sensory analysis of texture assures acceptance by consumers.
NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LINSEED/FLAXSEED (LINUM USITATISSIMUM) AND ITS APPLICATION IN MUFFIN MAKING
Authors: CHETANA  , SUDHA M.L. , BEGUM KHYRUNNISA , RAMASARMA P.R. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT Flaxseed, one of the underutilized oilseeds, is a rich source of dietary fiber,ω‐3 fatty acid and protein. Flaxseed powder contained 21.8% protein and 42.7% total dietary fiber, which upon roasting reduced to 20.3 and 40.50%, respectively. Addition of flaxseed powder weakened the dough. Peak viscosity and cold paste viscosity also decreased. The volume of the muffins gradually decreased from 150 to 145 and 120 cc. Muffins prepared from 20% of raw and roasted flaxseed powder had 10.2 and 9.9% of protein and 12.8 and 11.7% of dietary fiber, respectively.ω‐3 fatty acid contents in raw and roasted flaxseed powder were 55.41 and 50.76%, and the muffins prepared with 20% raw and roasted flaxseed powder had 12.85 and 11.14%, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern and gel filtration studies showed that high‐ and low‐molecular weight protein bands were identified in raw and roasted flaxseed powder and in the product.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFlaxseed is rich in ω‐3 fatty acid and also in fiber and protein. Also, bakery products are ready‐to‐eat products available to all people. Among the bakery products, muffins usually attract children. Hence, incorporation of flaxseed in muffins would enable to enrich the muffin with nutrients and reach the required segment of people.
Expression and Distribution of GABAA Receptor Subtypes in Human Alcoholic Cerebral Cortex
Authors: BUCKLEY S. TRACEY , ECKERT ALLISON L. , DODD PETER R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLong‐term alcohol abuse is known to target specific areas of the brain such as the superior frontal cortex (SFC), resulting in neuronal cell loss. Abnormal transmission of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA may contribute to this damage. Previous work in our laboratory has found differential expression and distribution of certain α subunit genes of the GABAA receptor in the SFC of human alcoholic brain, suggesting that differences in GABAA receptor subunit expression could give rise to the locally altered GABAA pharmacology which is associated with alcohol abuse. A competitive RT‐PCR assay has been developed to study the expression of the GABAA receptor β‐subunit genes β1, β2, and β3. A single set of primers homologous to all three β isoform sequences has been shown to amplify each of the β isoforms from mRNA isolated from human brain tissue obtained at autopsy. An internal standard has been designed which is identical to the target except for a 61‐bp deletion and a unique restriction enzyme (RE) site. This is co‐amplified with the target sequences to allow amplification efficiency to be assessed and thus enable the quantitation of gene expression. A range of GABAA receptor ligands were used to look at differential distribution of receptor subtypes in the cortical laminae by autoradiography. Differences in distribution of the ligands were demonstrated, consistent with a hypothesis of alcohol‐induced variations in the expression of receptor subunits.