bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone repair investigation using rhBMP‐2 and angiogenic protein extracted from latex
Authors: Issa JoÃO Paulo Mardegan , Defino Helton Luiz Aparecido , Pereira Yamba Carla Lara , Netto Joaquim Coutinho , Sebald Walter , Bentley Maria VitÓRia L.B. , Iyomasa Mamie Mizusaki , Ervolino Edilson 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground: The aim of this work was to study the new bone tissue formation after bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (rhBMP‐2) and P‐1 application, using 5 and 10 μg of each, combined to a material carrier, in critical bone defects. Methods: It was used 70 Wistar rats (male, ∼250 g) that were divided in 10 groups with seven animals on each. Groups are the following: critical bone defect only, pure monoolein gel, 5 μg of pure P‐1, 5 μg of pure rhBMP‐2, 5 μg of P‐1/monoolein gel, 5 μg of rhBMP‐2/monoolein gel, 10 μg of pure P‐1, 10 μg of pure rhBMP‐2, 10 μg of P‐1/monoolein gel, 10 μg of rhBMP‐2/monoolein gel. Animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks of the surgical procedure and the bone samples were submitted to histological, histomorphometrical, and immunohistochemical evaluations. Results: Animals treated with pure P‐1 protein, in both situations with 5 μg and 10 μg, had no significant difference (P > 0.05) for new bone formation; other groups treated with 10 μg were statistically significant (P < 0.05) among themselves and when compared with groups in which it was inserted the monoolein gel or critical bone defect only (P < 0.05). In the group involving the 10 μg rhBMP‐2/monoolein gel association, it was observed an extensive bone formation, even when compared with the same treatment without the gel carrier. Conclusion: Using this experimental animal model, more new bone tissue was found when it was inserted the rhBMP‐2, especially when this protein was combined to the vehicle, and this process seems to be dose dependent. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011.© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in the amount of kidney pigmented macrophage aggregates throughout the breeding cycle of female Ohrid trout, Salmo letnica Kar. (Teleostei, Salmonidae)
Authors: Jordanova Maja , Rocha Maria João , Rebok Katerina , Rocha Eduardo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractChanges in fish macrophages (Macs) are useful indicators of environmental pressures, but responses due to chemical and nonchemical stresses may be confounded by natural sources of variability. These may include sex and gonadal stage. In this study, we start addressing the following question: is the seasonally dependent ovary stage a factor to consider when using kidney Macs as biomarkers? To tackle this problem, the relative amount of pigmented Macs in kidney (head, trunk, and tail portions) was stereologically estimated in Ohrid trout, and related with the breeding status. The amount of Macs significantly increased from pre vitellogenesis to late vitellogenesis and showed a decreasing trend then after, with lower values noted after spawning in the head (1.9% versus 7.5% versus 2.0%), trunk (1.8% versus 7.5% versus 2.5%), and tail (2.5% versus 6.7% versus 2.9%) kidney. The decrease seen at spawning was significant in head and trunk kidney, and at post spawning it was significant for all kidney portions. The amounts of Macs were positively correlated with the ovary relative weights and plasma estradiol levels. We proved for the first time that fish kidney pigmented Macs can vary in amount during the breeding cycle. Our data, combined with literature, strongly support that the sex‐steroid profile and kidney status‐seasonal remodeling both influence the Macs pool; likely not only in female trout. So, while increases in Macs may warn of ecosystem problems, we show that using kidney Macs for biomonitoring should also take into account seasonally, particularly that related with ovary maturation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrashort echo time MRI of cortical bone at 7 tesla field strength: A feasibility study
Authors: Krug Roland , Larson Peder Eric Zufall , Wang Chunsheng , Burghardt Andrew J. , Kelley Douglas A.C. , Link Thomas M. , Zhang Xiaoliang , Vigneron Daniel B. , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To implement and examine the feasibility of a three‐dimensional (3D) ultrashort TE (UTE) sequence on a 7 Tesla (T) clinical MR scanner in comparison with 3T MRI at high isotropic resolution.Materials and Methods:Using an in‐house built saddle coil at both field strengths we have imaged mid‐diaphysial sections of five fresh cadaveric specimens of the distal tibia. An additional in vivo scan was performed at 7 Tesla using a quadrature knee coil.Results:Using the same type of saddle coil at both field strengths, a significant increase in SNR at 7T compared with 3T (factor 1.7) was found. Significantly shorter T2* values were found at the higher field strength (T2* = 552.2 ± 126 μs at 7T versus T2* = 1163 ± 391 μs at 3T).Conclusion:UHF MRI at 7T has great potential for imaging tissues with short T2. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confounding neurodegenerative effects of manganese for in vivo MR imaging in rat models of brain insults
Authors: Bouilleret Viviane , Cardamone Lisa , Liu Cyril , Koe Amelia S. , Fang Ke , Williams John P. , Myers Damian E. , O'Brien Terence J. , Jones Nigel C. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To examine the long‐term consequences of manganese exposure due to the use of manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) in a model of closed head injury, the fluid‐percussion injury (FPI) model.Materials and Methods:Two groups of adult male Wistar rats (n = 72) were studied with either MEMRI, whereby rats receive MnCl2 (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally) 24 hours prior to scanning, or standard MRI (sMRI) with no contrast agent. Rats from both groups underwent FPI or sham injury and were longitudinally assessed for 6 months for neurological toxicity using behavioral tests, EEG recording, and MRI scanning.Results:Regardless of whether they received FPI, MEMRI animals showed progressive signs of cerebral toxicity compared with sMRI rats, including significantly reduced weight gain, progressive brain volume decrease, and increased anxiety and depressive‐like behaviors.Conclusion:Long‐term structural and functional consequences of using manganese as a contrast agent for MRI can confound experimental outcomes and must be taken into account when designing longitudinal imaging studies using manganese‐enhanced MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary MR angiography using citrate‐coated very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles as blood‐pool contrast agent: Initial experience in humans
Authors: Wagner Moritz , Wagner Susanne , Schnorr Jörg , Schellenberger Eyk , Kivelitz Dietmar , Krug Lasse , Dewey Marc , Laule Michael , Hamm Bernd , Taupitz Matthias 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOP‐C184) as blood‐pool contrast agent for coronary MR angiography (CMRA) in humans.Materials and Methods:Six healthy volunteers and 14 patients with suspected coronary artery disease underwent CMRA after administration of VSOP‐C184 at the following doses: 20 μmol Fe/kg (4 patients), 40 μmol Fe/kg (5 patients), 45 μmol Fe/kg (6 healthy volunteers), and 60 μmol Fe/kg (5 patients). In healthy volunteers, contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and vessel edge definition (VED) of contrast‐enhanced CMRA were compared with non–contrast‐enhanced CMRA. In patients, a per‐segment intention‐to‐diagnose evaluation of contrast‐enhanced CMRA for detection of significant coronary stenosis (≥50%) was performed.Results:Three healthy volunteers (45 μmol Fe/kg VSOP‐C184) and two patients (60 μmol Fe/kg VSOP‐C184) had adverse events of mild or moderate intensity. VSOP‐C184 significantly increased CNR (15.1 ± 4.6 versus 6.9 ± 1.9; P = 0.010), SNR (21.7 ± 5.3 versus 15.4 ± 1.6; P = 0.048), and VED (2.3 ± 0.6 versus 1.2 ± 0.2; P < 0.001) compared with non–contrast‐enhanced CMRA. In patients, contrast‐enhanced CMRA yielded sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for detection of significant coronary stenosis of 86.7%, 71.0%, 73.1%, respectively.Conclusion:CMRA using VSOP‐C184 was feasible and yielded moderate diagnostic accuracy for detection of significant coronary stenosis within this proof‐of‐concept setting. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cortical calcification in sturge–weber syndrome on MRI‐SWI: Relation to brain perfusion status and seizure severity
Authors: Wu Jianlin , Tarabishy Bisher , Hu Jiani , Miao Yanwei , Cai Zhaocheng , Xuan Yang , Behen Michael , Li Meng , Ye Yongquan , Shoskey Richard , Haacke E. Mark , Juhász Csaba 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To determine the relationship between calcified cortex and perfusion status of white matter and seizure severity in patients with Sturge–Weber Syndrome (SWS), a sporadic neurocutaneous disorder characterized by a leptomeningeal angioma, progressive brain ischemia, and a high incidence of seizures using susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) and dynamic susceptibility contrast‐enhanced perfusion weighted imaging (DSC‐PWI).Materials and Methods:Fifteen children (ages: 0.9–10 years) with unilateral SWS prospectively underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The degree of cortical calcification was assessed using SWI while perfusion status was quantified using DSC‐PWI images (asymmetries of various perfusion parameters). Comparisons between calcification, perfusion status, and seizure variables were performed.Results:Patients with severely calcified cortex demonstrated significantly lower perfusion in the ipsilateral white matter (mean asymmetry: −0.52 ± 0.22) as compared to patients with only mildly calcified cortex or no calcification (mean asymmetry: 0.08 ± 0.25). Patients with severely calcified cortex also suffered from a higher seizure burden (a composite measure of seizure frequency and epilepsy duration; P = 0.01) and a trend for earlier seizure onset and longer epilepsy duration.Conclusion:Severe calcification in the affected hemisphere is related to severely decreased perfusion in underlying white matter and is associated with more severe epilepsy in SWS patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic phantom with heart, lung, and blood motion for initial validation of MRI techniques
Authors: Swailes Nolan E. , MacDonald Matthew Ethan , Frayne Richard 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To develop an anthropomorphic phantom to simulate heart, lung, and blood motion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is sensitive to image distortion and artifacts caused by motion. Imaging phantoms are used to test new sequences, but generally, these phantoms lack physiological motion. For the validation of new MR‐based endovascular interventional and other techniques, we developed a dynamic motion phantom that is suitable for initial in vitro and more realistic validation studies that should occur before animal experiments.Materials and Methods:An anthropomorphic phantom was constructed to model the thoracic cavity, including respiratory and cardiac motions, and moving blood. Several MRI methods were used to validate the phantom performance: anatomical scanning, rapid temporal imaging, digital subtraction angiography, and endovascular tracking. The quality and nature of the motion artifact in these images were compared with in vivo images.Results:The closed‐loop motion phantom correctly represented key features in the thorax, was MR‐compatible, and was able to reproduce similar motion artifacts and effects as seen in in vivo images. The phantom provided enough physiological realism that it was able to ensure a suitable challenge in an in vitro catheter tracking experiment.Conclusion:A phantom was created and used for testing interventional catheter guiding. The images produced had similar qualities to those found in vivo. This phantom had a high degree of appropriate anthropomorphic and physiological qualities. Ethically, use of this phantom is highly appropriate when first testing new MRI techniques prior to conducting animal studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T1‐weighted 3D dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI of the breast using a dual‐echo dixon technique at 3 T
Authors: Dogan Basak E. , Ma Jingfei , Hwang Ken , Liu Ping , Yang Wei Tse 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate a single‐pass fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR) two‐point Dixon sequence and a gradient echo sequence with spectral fat suppression in their performance at 3 T for fat suppressed contrast‐enhanced bilateral breast imaging.Materials and Methods:Twenty patients were prospectively enrolled in an imaging protocol that included axial Dixon and 3D FSPGR with spectrally selective fat saturation sequences as part of patient care in this study. Qualitative analysis was performed retrospectively by two readers who scored the images for homogeneity and degree of fat saturation, severity of artifacts, and quality of normal anatomical structures. Enhancing lesions were scored according to the confidence with which American College of Radiology (ACR) BI‐RADS magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features were identified.Results:The Dixon sequence showed superior fat saturation homogeneity, quality of posterior anatomical structures, and decreased artifact severity that were statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The degree of fat saturation was scored higher in the Dixon sequence, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. There were no significant differences between the 3D T1‐weighted FSPGR and Dixon groups for assessing lesion features.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the Dixon technique is an effective fat suppression method for contrast‐enhanced breast MRI. The Dixon technique also seemed to provide better anatomical definition of posterior structures and improvement in severity of artifacts. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intercomparison of summer rainfall diurnal features between station rain gauge data and TRMM 3B42 product over central eastern China
Authors: Yuan Weihua , Li Jian , Chen Haoming , Yu Rucong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study examines the differences in diurnal variations of summer (June–August) rainfall recorded in the station rain gauge data (Gdata) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B42 product (Tdata) over central eastern China during 1998–2006. For the diurnal variations, rainfall amount and frequency in Tdata get the maximum in the afternoon, against the double diurnal peaks in the morning and afternoon of Gdata. For the intensity, the principal morning peak in Tdata contrasts with the dominated afternoon peak in Gdata. It is found that the massive morning light rainfall, which is missed by Tdata, greatly contributes to the weakened morning diurnal peaks of amount and frequency and the stronger morning intensity in Tdata. The overestimated afternoon rainfall in Tdata, including the light rainfall detected only by Tdata and the enhanced rainfall in Tdata when both datasets measure the rainfall, strengthens the afternoon peak of rainfall amount and frequency. In addition, the light rainfall in the morning missed by Tdata is more prevalent in plains than in mountains, whereas the overestimation of afternoon rainfall is more significant in mountain regions. For the diurnal rainfall amount, the afternoon peak in Tdata differs from the morning peak in Gdata in plains and the afternoon peak of Tdata is enhanced in mountain regions. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
The significant climate warming in the northern Tibetan Plateau and its possible causes
Authors: Guo Donglin , Wang Huijun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe have identified the northern Tibetan Plateau as having experienced the most significant warming of any region in the entire plateau domain since 1961. Warming in the northern plateau violates the previously suggested elevation dependency of warming trends. Further analysis shows that the increase in surface air temperature in summer has played a primary role in the rapid increase of the annual mean air temperature in the northern Tibetan Plateau since the mid‐1980s. In addition, the summer air temperature is correlated with ozone in the region, a result which is statistically significant. This correlation seems to have a relationship with solar radiation and ozone depletion ratios. Further discussion shows that the most significant warming in the northern plateau may be related to radiative and dynamical heating that are results of pronounced stratospheric ozone depletion. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Synthesis of ultrathin and compact Au@MnO2 nanoparticles for shell‐isolated nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS)
Authors: Lin Xiao‐Dong , Uzayisenga Viviane , Li Jian‐Feng , Fang Ping‐Ping , Wu De‐Yin , Ren Bin , Tian Zhong‐Qun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractShell‐isolated nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) based on Au@SiO2 or Au@Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) shows great potential to break the long‐standing limitations of substrate and surface generality of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). However, the shell of SiO2 or Al2O3 can easily be dissolved in alkaline media, which limits the applications of SHINERS in alkaline systems. Besides that, the synthesis of Au@SiO2 NPs can be further simplified and Au@Al2O3 NPs be replaced by other NPs that are more amenable for mass production. In an attempt to make SHINERS NPs available in any systems practically, we report the synthesis of ultrathin and compact Au@MnO2 NPs. The shell thickness of MnO2 can be controlled down to about 1.2 nm without any pinhole. SHINERS based on such Au@MnO2 NPs exhibits much higher Raman enhancement effect than Au@SiO2 NPs and can be applied in alkaline systems in which Au@SiO2 or Au@Al2O3 NPs cannot be applied. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface characteristics of Ag‐doped Au nanoparticles probed by Raman scattering spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Kwan , Kim Kyung Lock , Shin Kuan Soo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe have examined the surface characteristics of Ag‐doped Au nanoparticles (below 5 mol% of Ag) by means of the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of 2,6‐dimethylphenylisocyanide (2,6‐DMPI) and 4‐nitrobenzenethiol (4‐NBT). When Ag was added to Au to form ∼35‐nm‐sized alloy nanoparticles, the surface plasmon resonance band was blue‐shifted linearly from 523 to 517 nm in proportion to the content of Ag up to 5%. In the SERS spectra of 2,6‐DMPI, the N‐C stretching peak also shifted almost linearly from 2184 to 2174 cm−1 when the Ag content was 5 mol% or less; the peak then remained the same as that of the pure Ag film. The potential variation of the SERS spectrum of 2,6‐DMPI in an electrochemical environment, as well as the effect of organic vapor, also showed a similar tendency. From the SERS of 4‐NBT, we confirmed the occurrence of a surface‐induced photoreaction converting 4‐NBT to 4‐aminobenzenethiol, when Ag was added to Au to form alloy nanoparticles. The photoreaction induction ability also increased linearly with the Ag content, reaching a plateau level at 5 mol% of Ag. All these observations suggest that the surface content of Ag should increase almost linearly as a function of the overall mole fraction of Ag and, once the Au/Ag nanoparticles reach 5 mol% of Ag, their surfaces are fully covered with Ag, showing the same surface characteristics of pure Ag nanoparticles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ analysis of chiral components of pichtae essential oil by means of ROA spectroscopy: experimental and theoretical Raman and ROA spectra of bornyl acetate
Authors: Chruszcz‐Lipska Katarzyna , Blanch Ewan W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a novel approach to analyze in situ (−)‐bornyl acetate (BA) in pichtae essential oil (Siberian fir needle oil, Abies sibirica oil) by means of Raman optical activity (ROA) is reported. As part of this approach, a conformational study in the gas phase of (+)‐ and (−)‐BA has been carried out, predicting the presence of three conformers for each enantiomer at 298.15 K. The structures of these conformers were optimized with density functional theory with the Becke 3LYP functional and 6–311 + + g** basis set. Subsequently, the Raman and ROA spectra were simulated in order to compare them with the experimentally measured spectra of the neat enantiomers of BA. Finally, the combination of Raman and ROA spectroscopy as well as DFT calculations was successfully applied not only for the detection of BA but also for the determination of the specific enantiomer of BA present in the investigated pichtae essential oil samples. Thus, the ROA technique described here has the potential to be used as a fast and easy commercial method to control the quality of essential oils. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The structural independence of Raman scattering cross sections of ν1(NO3−) and ν(H2O)
Authors: Li Kai‐Kai , Pang Shu‐Feng , Zeng Guang , Wang Feng , Zhang Yun‐Hong 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe Raman scattering cross section (RSCS) is an important parameter in the applications of Raman spectroscopy to make quantitative analysis. To date, the dependence of the RSCS on concentration has remained unclear. Nitrate aerosols can easily achieve a supersaturated state, which provides a way to obtain the RSCS especially under this state. In this study, Raman spectra of NaNO3 and Mg(NO3)2 solutions are obtained with molar water‐to‐solute ratios (WSRs) ranging from 84.2 to 2.30 and 93.8 to 7.32, respectively. With decreasing WSR, a shift to higher wavenumbers of the symmetric stretching band of nitrate ion, i.e. ν1(NO3−), is observed, indicating the formation of various ion pairs. Meanwhile, the area ratio between the strongly and weakly hydrogen‐bonded components of water OH stretching envelope, i.e. ν(H2O), reduces as the WSR decreases, implying the transformation of water molecules from strong hydrogen‐bonding structures to the weak ones. However, a good linear relationship is revealed between the integrated intensity ratio of the ν(H2O) band to ν1(NO3−) band and WSR. The results suggest that the RSCSs of NO3− and H2O are insensitive to the structures of both ion pairs and hydrogen‐bonding structures. This observation points to the possibility of conducting quantitative analysis through the area ratio of the ν(H2O) band to the ν1(NO3−) band with Raman spectra without considering the formation of ion pairs and the variation of the hydrogen‐bonding structure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.