bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abundant genetic diversity of the wild rice Zizania latifolia in central China revealed by microsatellites
Authors: Chen Y.‐Y. , Chu H.‐J. , Liu H. , Liu Y.‐L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWild rice Zizania latifolia is a perennial emergent aquatic plant widely distributed across China. Wild populations of Z. latifolia are important to aquatic ecosystems and are valuable genetic resources for breeding. However, they have been faced with significant habitat losses in recent decades. For 10 nuclear microsatellites, high levels of genetic diversity (HE = 0.572–0.636) were found across seven surveyed populations from central China. The main factors responsible for that were its long life history and predominant outcrossing reproductive system. Low genetic differentiation among populations was found based on Wright's FST = 0.098. Similarly, AMOVA analysis showed only 7.73% of the total molecular variation was attributed to inter‐population differentiation. The weak population structure of Z. latifolia could be due to high gene flow mediated by water or birds (Nm = 2.30, M = 2.18). Importantly, most populations exhibited mutation‐drift disequilibrium, suggesting a recent population decline. Based on the results, wild populations of Z. latifolia are expected to lose genetic diversity and increase genetic structure in future generations. Therefore, conservation management is urgently needed to maintain the genetic resources of Z. latifolia.
Specificity of larval settlement of the Caribbean Orange Icing Sponge, Mycale laevis
Authors: Loh Tse‐Lynn , Pawlik Joseph R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe Caribbean sponge Mycale laevis is often found growing in close proximity to living scleractinian corals. This commonly observed sponge–coral association has been considered a mutualism, with the coral providing substratum for the sponge, and the sponge protecting the coral skeleton from boring organisms. We examined the specificity of sponge recruitment to live corals, expecting a positive and specific settlement response if a mutualism exists. Benthic surveys conducted off Key Largo, Florida, and Bocas del Toro, Panama, revealed that individuals of M. laevis grew on substrata that included dead coral and other species of sponges. Selectivity analysis indicated that at three of the four survey sites, M. laevis was not randomly distributed, but associated with live corals more frequently than expected from proportional coral cover. However, settlement assays demonstrated that larvae of M. laevis did not preferentially respond to the presence of live coral. We have previously demonstrated that adults of M. laevis are chemically undefended and readily eaten by spongivorous fishes unless protected by adjacent substrata such as live corals. In overfished areas, where spongivore density is low, the sponge is not selectively distributed near corals. Initial results of settlement experiments with different substrata suggested that larvae of M. laevis responded positively to the presence of the chemically defended sponge Amphimedon compressa, perhaps indicating an associational defense. Further experiments revealed that larvae were reacting to artificially high concentrations of exudates from cut surfaces of Am. compressa; settlement was not enhanced in response to healed pieces of Am. compressa. In addition, the larvae of M. laevis did not selectively respond to live coral or to chemically defended heterospecifics. These results indicate that the commonly observed proximity of M. laevis to live corals is not driven by larval settlement behavior, but instead by post‐settlement mortality due to predation.
Predictive Models for Growth of Leuconostoc citreum and Its Dynamics in Pickled Vegetables with Low Salinity
Authors: Weng P.F. , Wu Z.F. , Lei L.L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe strain of Leuconostoc citreum L‐33 (L. citreum L‐33) is a critical microorganism in the processing of pickled vegetables with low salinity. In this study, effects of temperature, initial pH and sodium chloride concentration on cell growth of L. citreum L‐33 and its growth prediction models were achieved in order to predict the growth situation of L. citreum L‐33 under definite conditions. By use of Man‐Rogosa‐Sharpe broth medium at different initial pH and sodium chloride concentration, the strain of L. citreum L‐33 was incubated at different temperature. Furthermore, first‐order and secondary growth prediction models of L. citreum were established, respectively, according to the fitting curve and data process by Origin software. The results demonstrated that in the experimental conditions, the growth prediction of L. citreum L‐33 can be described by the Gompertz equation with four parameters. High fitting accuracy values of most of the first‐order growth models were over 0.99 according to the Adjusted R‐squared. Relation between the maximum specific growth rate obtained by the Gompertz equation and temperature as well as initial pH can be described by the Ratkowsky equation. However, a relation between the maximum specific growth rate and sodium chloride concentration could be described by polynomial equations. The secondary model obtained was validated by the medium data. The bias and accuracy factors are between 0.9–1.0 and 1.0–1.1, respectively, within an acceptable range. Temperature, initial pH and sodium chloride concentration are important factors influencing the cell growth of L. citreum L‐33. The growth prediction models for the crucial microorganism L. citreum L‐33 in low‐salinity pickled vegetable processing could be conducted under definite conditions.Practical ApplicationsThe microorganisms play important role in the processing and preservation of pickled vegetables, especially in the conditions of low concentration of salt. A critical microorganism of Leuconostoc citreum L‐33 (L. citreum L‐33) in pickled vegetable processing involved, its growth prediction models under different environmental conditions were established. The established models can provide a more accurate estimation for growth of L. citreum and theoretical support for production processing optimization of pickled vegetables, as well as valuable data for developing mathematic models of food microbiology. These findings could be applied in pickled vegetable processing practice by means of growth prediction of crucial microorganisms impacting on quality and safety of the product.
Can New Zealand's Covenanting Agencies Meet the Challenge of the Biodiversity Strategy?
Authors: BELLINGHAM MARK 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTIn February 2000 the New Zealand Government released its national Biodiversity Strategy with significant emphasis on the role of central and local government, communities and private landowners in achieving biodiversity conservation on public and private land. New Zealand has had provisions in legislation for the protection of biodiversity on private land for more than 70 years. There are now a wide range of of purposes and management flexibility within the nine types of covenants administered by the Department of Conservation (DoC) and the Queen Elizabeth National Trust's (QE II National Trust) Open Space covenants. In addition a small number of territorial local authorities (TLAs) manage private covenanting schemes, the most notable being the Auckland Region by Rodney and Franklin District Councils. Funding appears to be the critical issue for covenanting agencies being able to meet the objectives of the NZ Biodiversity Strategy affecting the ability of agencies to fund survey, administration, fencing, pest management and landowner advice. Unless funding is addressed landowners will be left shouldering most of the burden of conservation management, planning and funding for these areas and the tide may not have turned for biodiversity protection and enhancement on private land.
Refining the Approach to Compensation – An Insurance Based Risk Management Approach  Améliorer l’approche en termes d’indemnisation – une approche de la gestion du risque fondée sur l’assurance  Den Ansatz der Entschädigung weiterentwickeln – ein versicherungsbasierter Ansatz für das Risikomanagement
Authors: Burden Robert 
Published: August 2012

summaryRefining the Approach to Compensation – An Insurance Based Risk Management ApproachCompensation schemes can encourage timely reporting and cooperation, as well as the undertaking of good risk management practices, and mitigating catastrophic losses by livestock holders. However, such schemes can be costly with difficulties in setting payments at the right level. Overcompensation may lead to livestock owners relaxing their prevention activities, a case of moral hazard (incentive for excessive risk taking), and under‐compensation could lead to under reporting. Therefore, compensation schemes need to be tailored to specific disease contexts and recognise specific industry operating realities. Private insurance for risks related to epidemic livestock diseases can be a good instrument to assist in achieving this, but a good delineation of responsibilities is required to make it work. A structured approach to compensation is presented using a method that incorporates the typical practices used in the development of traditional insurance products. This structured risk management approach (SRMA) can significantly benefit public policies by allowing their development to be more strategic in the design of risk transfer solutions. If done effectively the resulting SRMA can reduce the potential of a disease outbreak, the cost of responding to it and the need for compensation after it has been contained.
Developing a Government–Industry Partnership on Animal Health and Welfare Policy in England   Développer un partenariat industrie‐pouvoirs publics pour la politique de santé et de bien‐être animal en Angleterre   Die Entwicklung einer Partnerschaft zwischen Regierung und Wirtschaft zur Tiergesundheits‐ und Tierschutzpolitik in England
Authors: Seals Michael 
Published: August 2012

summaryDeveloping a Government–Industry Partnership on Animal Health and Welfare Policy in EnglandThe Animal Health and Welfare Board for England (AHWBE) was established in recognition that a more effective partnership between Government, animal keepers and related industries was needed in order to develop and deliver animal health and welfare policy in England. The AHWBE’s role is to advise Ministers on virtually all aspects of animal health and welfare policy in England including how the animal health budget is spent. Advice on strategic issues, which previously would have gone directly from civil servants to Ministers, is now brought to the Board. The Board brings together non‐executive members with expertise in specific sectors and government officials responsible for animal health and welfare. It faces particular challenges given the pressures that government spending is facing, and aims to find more innovative and cost effective ways of delivering animal health and welfare policy. To address the issue of trade‐offs in resource allocation the role of economists and economic analysis and evidence will be central in supporting decision making within the Board. Key to the Board’s success will be its approach of engagement with stakeholders, partnership, developing trust and openness.
Thrombolysis in Ischemic Strokes with no Arterial Occlusion
Authors: Lahoti Sourabh A. , Caplan Louis R. , Saposnik Gustavo , Liebeskind David S. , Gokhale Sankalp , Hastak Shirish M. 
Published: August 2012

Rationale Twelve million people develop ischemic stroke each year world over and 30–40% of them do not have arterial occlusions at presentation. Trials conducted to study the efficacy of thrombolytic drug reported better outcome with use of thrombolytic drug but none studied the subtypes of ischemic strokes specifically and adequately. The subgroups of patients with no arterial occlusion at presentation continue to receive thrombolytic therapy without proven benefit and with some risk. Aim The aim of this article is to study whether intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase improves clinical outcome in ischemic stroke patients who do not have arterial occlusion at presentation. Design A retrospective medical record-based observational multicenter, multinational study. Outcomes Primary outcome measure would be clinical outcome at three-months from stroke onset measured by modified Rankin Scale and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Secondary outcome measure will be frequency of intracerebral hemorrhage causing worsening of clinical deficit defined as increase in National Institute of Health Stroke Scale by >4.
The Metabolic Syndrome: Are Rural Residents at Increased Risk?
Authors: Trivedi Tushar , Liu Jihong , Probst Janice C. , Martin Amy Brock 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the differences in prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components across rural‐urban populations, as well as to determine the risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and examine how they contribute toward rural‐urban disparity.Methods: Data came from the 1999‐2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, restricting to 6,896 participants aged 20 years or more with complete information. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Residence was measured at the census tract level using the Rural‐Urban Commuting Area Codes. We estimated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components by residence. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine urban‐rural differences after adjusting for sociodemographic, health, dietary, and lifestyle factors.Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in rural than urban residents (39.9% vs 32.8%), among both men (39.7% vs 33.3%) and women (40.2% vs 32.3%, respectively). The age and sex adjusted OR for metabolic syndrome in rural as compared to urban residents was 1.23 (95% CI, 1.02‐1.49), which was attenuated to 1.06 (95% CI, 0.90‐1.25) after adjusting for covariates. Older age, lower physical activity, higher screen time, higher meat intake, and skipping breakfast were associated with increased odds of metabolic syndrome.Conclusion: Rural dwelling was associated with higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults in the Unites States, which can be attributed to the differences in demographic composition and obesity‐related behavioral factors between urban and rural residents.
Calcium and phosphate homeostasis in hyperthyroid cats – associations with development of azotaemia and survival time
Authors: Williams T. L. , Elliott J. , Syme H. M. 
Published: August 2012

ObjectivesTo evaluate calcium and phosphate homeostasis in hyperthyroid cats and determine if plasma parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor‐23 are associated with the presence of ‐azotaemic chronic kidney disease and/or have prognostic significance.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. Logistic regression analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed to identify if parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor‐23 were predictors of development of azotaemia following treatment and survival time, respectively.ResultsTwo hundred and seven hyperthyroid cats were included. Elevated plasma parathyroid hormone concentrations, hyperphosphataemia, decreased plasma fibroblast growth factor‐23 concentrations and hypocalcaemia were documented; however, all parameters returned to reference intervals following treatment of hyperthyroid cats without azotaemic chronic kidney disease. After adjustment for plasma creatinine concentration, baseline plasma parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor‐23 concentrations were not predictors of the development of azotaemia following treatment. Baseline plasma fibroblast growth factor‐23 concentrations were associated with all‐cause mortality; however, this association was not maintained after adjustment for packed cell volume.Clinical SignificanceChanges in plasma parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor‐23 concentrations which occur in hyperthyroid cats are not mediators of progression of chronic kidney disease; however, fibroblast growth factor‐23 would appear to have some prognostic significance in hyperthyroidism.
Investigation on Culturable Microflora in Tibetan Kefir Grains from Different Areas of China
Authors: Gao Jie , Gu Fengying , Abdella Nesredin H , Ruan Hui , He Guoqing 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  Four samples of Tibetan kefir grains (TK‐ZJUJ 01–04) from Tibet and surrounding areas were investigated via phenotypic and genotypic methods to compare and analyze the diversity of culturable microflora among different origins. As a result, 4 genera of microorganisms from TK‐ZJUJ01: Bacillus subtilis (2.9 × 107 cfu/mL), Lactococcus lactis (8.2 × 107 cfu/mL), Kluyveromyces marxianus (3.0 × 106 cfu/mL), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (9.0 × 106 cfu/mL); 4 genera from TK‐ZJUJ02: Lactobacillus kefiri (1.0 × 108 cfu/mL), Pichia kudriavzevii (5.0 × 106 cfu/mL), K. marxianus (1.9 × 107 cfu/mL), Kazachstania unispora (6.2 × 107 cfu/mL); 6 genera from TK‐ZJUJ03: Leuconostoc lactis (4.6 × 107 cfu/mL), L. lactis (3.0 × 107 cfu/mL), Lactobacillus plantarum (3.0 × 107 cfu/mL), K. unispora (3.0 × 106 cfu/mL), K. marxianus (2.0 × 106 cfu/mL), (1.7 × 107 cfu/mL); and 4 genera from TK‐ZJUJ04: L. plantarum (1.8 × 107 cfu/mL), Acetobacter fabarum (5.0 × 106 cfu/mL), K. unispora (6.2 × 107 cfu/mL), Pichia guilliermondii (6.2 × 107 cfu/mL) were identified. Yeasts like P. kudriavzevii and P. guilliermondii isolated in this study were the first time reported in Tibetan kefir grains. For TK‐ZJUJ 01–03, lactic acid bacteria were the major microorganisms, which accounted for more than 50% of all the microbial population, while for TK‐ZJUJ04, the largest microbial group was yeasts which accounted for more than 50%. In a word, study of diversity and composition of microflora provided us theoretical foundation for further investigation and application of Tibetan kefir grains.Practical Application:  This is the basic research in order to develop and industrialize a new kind of yogurt starter which is naturally formed microbiota with both lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in it.
Feasibility of Coupling Dehydration‐Impregnation by Soaking Treatment of Meat with Fermentation by Lactobacillus sakei
Authors: Bros Manuela , Arnaud Elodie , Loiseau Gérard , Talon Régine , Collignan Antoine 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  This study examined the feasibility of coupling dehydration‐impregnation by soaking (DIS) with a subsequent lactic fermentation in the treatment of meat. A series of beef fillets were subjected to 3 different DIS treatments. The resulting DIS‐treated fillets had 3 different characteristics in terms of water activity, salt, and fermentable sugars contents. Fillets treated with the DIS with the shortest immersion time (5 h) and the highest salt concentration in the DIS bath (100 g/L) were inoculated with Lactobacillus sakei. A control group was left without inoculation. After 24 h incubation at 25 °C, only inoculated fillets showed signs of lactic fermentation. At 24 h, these fillets had a d‐lactic acid content of 68 μmol/g dry basis and a high population of L. sakei revealed by methods of plate count and quantitative PCR. DIS could therefore be compatible with a subsequent fermentation step by L. sakei.Practical Application:  Traditional meat preservation processes often combine unit operations such as salting, smoking, fermentation, and drying. In tropical countries, high temperatures and high relative humidity, poor infrastructure, and improper slaughterhouse practices explain the need for more drastic processes (more salt, more water loss) for meat preservation. Dehydration‐impregnation by soaking (DIS) could be used as a rapid pretreatment of meat, in order to counteract tropical conditions. This study validates a novel approach whereby DIS is coupled with lactic fermentation by surface inoculation with Lactobacillus sakei. With a final drying step this process could be used for the treatment of whole meat pieces.
Determination of the Metals by ICP‐MS in Wild Mushrooms from Yunnan, China
Authors: Yin Liang‐Liang , Shi Guo‐Qing , Tian Qing , Shen Tao , Ji Yan‐Qin , Zeng Guang 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  The elemental contents of Li, Cs, U, Co, As, Sr, Cd, Ba, Pb, Sb in 157 wild‐grown mushrooms were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The mushrooms including 9 species were collected from 5 counties in Yunnan province, China. Based on the findings for the results from the certified reference materials GBW10014 (cabbage) and GBW10016 (tea), the data from the sample mushrooms were corrected. The contents of investigated trace elements in mushroom samples were determined as μg/g dry weight (dw) in the range of 0.030 to 13 for Li, 0.070 to 8.1 for Cs, 0.0010 to 0.28 for U, 0.040 to 5.4 for Co, 0.070 to 44 for As, 0.28 to 86 for Sr, and 0.15 to 23 for Cd. The maximum contents were 58, 11, and 0.11 for Ba, Pb, and Sb, respectively. The minimum contents of Ba, Pb, and Sb were below the detection limit of the method used.Practical Application:  The analysis of 9 species wild‐grown edible mushrooms in different regions provides the useful information to evaluate the levels of elements or of the toxic heavy metals, such as Cd, As in wild‐grown edible mushrooms which grew in different regions of China for consumers and other interested groups, especially for the regulators.
Effects of Pyruvate on Lipid Oxidation and Ground Beef Color
Authors: Ramanathan Ranjith , Mancini Richard A. , Van Buiten Charlene B. , Suman Surendranath P. , Beach Carol M. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract:  Our overall objective was to better understand the effects of added pyruvate on enhanced beef color stability. The 2 possible mechanisms assessed were the role of pyruvate in lipid oxidation and direct interaction between pyruvate and beef myoglobin. Microsomes were incubated with pyruvate at pH 5.6, 25 °C, and lipid oxidation was measured hourly for 3 h. Bovine oxymyoglobin at pH 5.6 was incubated with pyruvate and used to quantify both redox stability (metmyoglobin formation) and pyruvate‐myoglobin adduction using mass spectrometry analysis. Surface color and lipid oxidation were measured on ground beef patties stored for 6 d in polyvinyl chloride over‐wrap (PVC) or high oxygen. Addition of pyruvate to microsomes decreased lipid oxidation compared with controls (P < 0.05). Conversely, no effect on myoglobin was observed (no changes in redox stability and no peaks corresponding to pyruvate were observed; P > 0.05). However, pyruvate increased color stability and decreased lipid oxidation of ground beef patties packaged in PVC and high oxygen. Pyruvate decreased nitric oxide metmyoglobin‐reducing capacity and oxygen consumption of patties compared with controls (P < 0.05). This research suggests that pyruvate may improve beef color stability primarily through its antioxidant effect on lipids.Practical Application:  Discoloration of meat often results in significant revenue loss. This study suggests that pyruvate can improve the color stability of patties packaged in high oxygen and PVC primarily through its antioxidant effect on lipids.