bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is it useful to detect lymphovascular invasion in lymph node‐positive patients with primary operable breast cancer?
Authors: Ragage Florence , Debled Marc , MacGrogan Gaëtan , Brouste Véronique , Desrousseaux Marie , Soubeyran Isabelle , Tunon de Lara Christine , Mauriac Louis , de Mascarel Isabelle 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a widely recognized prognostic factor in lymph node‐negative breast cancers. However, there are only limited and controversial data about its prognostic significance in lymph node‐positive patients.METHODS:Among 931 patients operated on and monitored at the authors' institution for an invasive breast carcinoma between 1989 and 1992, all 374 lymph node‐positive breast cancers entered the study (median follow‐up, 126 months).RESULTS:LVI was present in 46% of tumors and was associated with age ≤40 years (P = .02), high histological grade (P = .01), and negative estrogen receptor status (P = .032), but not with tumor size, number of involved lymph nodes, or HER‐2/neu status. LVI was an independent prognostic factor for distant metastases (P = .002). Furthermore, in HER‐2/neu–negative/hormone receptor‐positive (n = 287) tumors, the number of independent prognostic factors (LVI, age, histological grade, number of involved lymph nodes, and tumor size) was associated with a 5‐years metastasis‐free survival ranging from 100% if no factors (n = 25) to 89% ± 2% if 1 or 2 factors (n = 186) and 67% ± 6 if 3, 4, or 5 factors (n = 76) were present (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:LVI is an independent prognostic factor in lymph node‐positive breast cancer and merits further prospective investigations as a decision tool in the adjuvant chemotherapy setting. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Nuclear factor κB transcription factors are coexpressed and convey a poor outcome in ovarian cancer
Authors: Annunziata Christina M. , Stavnes Helene Tuft , Kleinberg Lilach , Berner Aasmund , Hernandez Lidia F. , Birrer Michael J. , Steinberg Seth M. , Davidson Ben , Kohn Elise C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Recent work has suggested a role for nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) in the propagation of ovarian cancer cell lines, but the significance and mechanism of NF‐κB in ovarian cancer is unknown. The authors hypothesized that the NF‐κB pathway is over activated in aggressive ovarian cancers.METHODS:The levels of 3 NF‐κB transcription factors, the activating inhibitors of NF‐κB (IκB) kinases, and the NF‐κB target matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) were assessed by immunohistochemistry in specimens of ovarian cancer that were obtained at diagnosis from a cohort of 33 patients who subsequently received combined paclitaxel, cisplatin, and cyclophosphamide. Associations were made between NF‐κB pathway proteins and outcome. The validation of coexpression was performed at the gene level in 2 independently collected cohorts of 185 and 153 ovarian cancers.RESULTS:The presence of NF‐κB proteins in newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancers was established, and a potential association with overall survival was identified. Transcription factors p65 and v‐rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B (RelB) were coexpressed with IκB kinase α, 1 component of a key trimolecular regulatory complex. Coexpression of the NF‐κB machinery suggested activity of NF‐κB signaling in these ovarian tumors. A significant association of p50 with poor overall survival was observed (P= .02). MMP9 expression had the opposite association, in which patients who had tumors without MMP9 staining had the poorest prognosis (P= .01), and this association held true at the gene expression level in an independently collected cohort of 185 ovarian cancers.CONCLUSIONS:The deregulation of NF‐κB activity may influence outcome in women who receive standard therapy for advanced ovarian cancer. Modification of the NF‐κB pathway may present an opportunity to improve outcome in the subset of women who have pathway activity. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Value of cytology in the intraoperative assessment of ovarian tumors
Authors: Stewart Colin J. R. , Brennan Barbara A , Koay Eleanor , Naran Anup , Ruba Sukeerat 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Intraoperative pathological assessment is frequently requested in patients with suspected ovarian neoplasia so that optimal surgical management can be performed. In this study the accuracy of intraoperative cytology has been assessed and the results compared with frozen section diagnosis.METHODS:The study comprised 402 ovarian tumors that were submitted for intraoperative assessment in which both cytology preparations, usually scrape smears, and conventional frozen sections were examined. Each technique was evaluated independently, although the diagnosis transmitted to the surgeon was based upon the combination of the clinical, macroscopic, histological, and cytological information. The results were compared with the final pathological diagnosis in each case and cases with discordant diagnoses were reviewed.RESULTS:There were 226 benign lesions, 35 borderline epithelial neoplasms, and 141 malignant tumors according to the final pathological diagnosis. All benign lesions were accurately categorized using both frozen section and cytology. Thirty (86%) of the borderline tumors and 137 (97%) of the malignant tumors were accurately identified on frozen section, whereas the corresponding results for cytology were 23 (66%) and 131 (93%), respectively. There were no false‐positive diagnoses with either technique and the overall accuracy was 97.8%. Cytological evaluation provided better morphologic detail, permitted wider tumor sampling, and directed appropriate ancillary investigations in some cases.CONCLUSIONS:Overall, frozen section was more accurate than smear preparations in this series. However, cytology has a complementary role in the intraoperative assessment of ovarian neoplasia and provides a more specific diagnosis in some cases. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Understanding Properties of Cofactors in Proteins: Redox Potentials of Synthetic Cytochromes b
Authors: Gámiz‐Hernández Ana P. , Kieseritzky Gernot , Galstyan Artur S. , Demir‐Kavuk Ozgur , Knapp Ernst‐Walter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHaehnel et al. synthesized 399 different artificial cytochrome b (aCb) models.1 They consist of a template‐assisted four‐helix bundle with one embedded heme group. Their redox potentials were measured and cover the range from −148 to −89 mV. No crystal structures of these aCb are available. Therefore, we use the chemical composition and general structural principles to generate atomic coordinates of 31 of these aCb mutants, which are chosen to cover the whole interval of redox potentials. We start by modeling the coordinates of one aCb from scratch. Its structure remains stable after energy minimization and during molecular dynamics simulation over 2 ns. Based on this structure, coordinates of the other 30 aCb mutants are modeled. The calculated redox potentials for these 31 aCb agree within 10 mV with the experimental values in terms of root mean square deviation. Analysis of the dependence of heme redox potential on protein environment shows that the shifts in redox potentials relative to the model systems in water are due to the low‐dielectric medium of the protein and the protonation states of the heme propionic acid groups, which are influenced by the surrounding amino acids. Alternatively, we perform a blind prediction of the same redox potentials using an empirical approach based on a linear scoring function and reach a similar accuracy. Both methods are useful to understand and predict heme redox potentials. Based on the modeled structure we can understand the detailed structural differences between aCb mutants that give rise to shifts in heme redox potential. On the other hand, one can explore the correlation between sequence variations and aCb redox potentials more directly and on much larger scale using the empirical prediction scheme, which—thanks to its simplicity— is much faster.
Water Adsorption on Platinum Dioxide and Dioxygen Complex: Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of Three PtO2–H2O Complexes
Authors: Gong Yu , Zhou Mingfei 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe interactions of water molecule with platinum dioxygen complex and dioxide molecule are investigated by means of matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and density functional calculations. The platinum atoms reacted with dioxygen to form the previously reported Pt(O2) complex. The Pt(O2) complex reacted with water molecule to give the Pt(O2)–H2O complex, which was characterized to involve hydrogen bonding between one O atom of Pt(O2) and one H atom of H2O (structure A). Upon visible light irradiation, the hydrogen bonded Pt(O2)⋅⋅⋅HOH complex rearranged to another Pt(O2)–H2O isomer (structure B), which involves (O2)Pt⋅⋅⋅OH2 interaction. The Pt(O2)–H2O complex in structure B can be isomerized to the weakly bound platinum dioxide‐water complex (structure C) under UV irradiation.
The notion of computation is fundamental to an autonomous neuroscience
Authors: Neske Garrett 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe increasing sophistication of the tools and results of cellular and molecular neuroscience would appear to suggest that explanatory force in neuroscience is defined by reduction to molecular biology. This view, however, is mistaken in that it loses sight of the goal of neuroscience proper: the characterization of the information content of biophysical variables and the transformation of these variables that lead to behaviors. Neuroscience is thus distinguished from applied molecular and cellular biology by the notion of computation. In this commentary, I will show how the notion of computation in neuroscience differs from that of other fields that investigate complex systems and argue that computation at various levels of neural organization is the paramount goal of neuroscientific explanation and not the so‐called reduction of “mind to molecules.” © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 16,10–19, 2010
Reducing ICI effect in OFDM system using low‐complexity Kalman filter based on comb‐type pilots arrangement
Authors: Mousa Allam , Mahmoud Hala 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn OFDM systems, time‐varying channels destroy orthogonality between subcarriers causing Inter‐Carrier Interference. To reduce this effect, a Kalman filter, as a benchmark, is used for channel estimation, based on comb‐type pilot arrangements of the OFDM system. An advantage of comb‐type pilot arrangements in channel estimation is the ability to track the variation of the channel caused by Doppler frequency. Kalman method has been proposed to estimate the channel frequency response (CFR) at the pilot locations, then CFR, at data subchannels, is obtained by means of interpolation between estimates at pilot locations. The low‐complexity Kalman method is introduced to reduce the complexity of the system while achieving the same BER/SNR. Different types of interpolations have been also compared such as Low‐pass, Spline‐cubic and Linear interpolation methods. The BER/SNR performance of BPSK modulation schemes are considered for time varying Rayleigh fading channels. Our results has shown that the low‐complexity Kalman estimation, used with the pilot arrangement and a suitable interpolation method, gives almost the same performance as that of the Kalman method specially for low SNR values and hence the effect of Doppler shift effect is controlled. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the identification and analysis of Skype traffic
Authors: Molnár Sándor , Perényi Marcell 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSkype applies strong encryption to provide secure communication inside the whole Skype network. It also uses several techniques to conceal the traffic and the protocol. As a consequence, traditional port‐based or payload‐based identification of Skype traffic cannot be applied. In this paper, after an overview of the Skype P2P system, network entities and operation, we introduce novel algorithms to detect several types of communications (including voice calls primarily) that the Skype client initiates toward dedicated servers of the Skype network and other peers.The common point in these algorithms is that all of them are based on packet headers only and the extracted flow level information. We do not need information from packet payloads. The identification methods allow us to discover logged on Skype users and their voice calls. The whole identification process is scripted in Transact‐SQL; it can thus be executed automatically on a prerecorded (offline) data set. We present identification results, analysis and comparison of data sets captured in mobile and fixed networks. We also present the validation of the algorithms in both network types. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anomalous development of brain structure and function in spina bifida myelomeningocele
Authors: Juranek Jenifer , Salman Michael S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSpina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM) is a specific type of neural tube defect whereby the open neural tube at the level of the spinal cord alters brain development during early stages of gestation. Some structural anomalies are virtually unique to individuals with SBM, including a complex pattern of cerebellar dysplasia known as the Chiari II malformation. Other structural anomalies are not necessarily unique to SBM, including altered development of the corpus callosum and posterior fossa. Within SBM, tremendous heterogeneity is reflected in the degree to which brain structures are atypical in qualitative appearance and quantitative measures of morphometry. Hallmark structural features of SBM include overall reductions in posterior fossa and cerebellum size and volume. Studies of the corpus callosum have shown complex patterns of agenesis or hypoplasia along its rostral‐caudal axis, with rostrum and splenium regions particularly susceptible to agenesis. Studies of cortical regions have demonstrated complex patterns of thickening, thinning, and gyrification. Diffusion tensor imaging studies have reported compromised integrity of some specific white matter pathways. Given equally complex ocular motor, motor, and cognitive phenotypes consisting of relative strengths and weaknesses that seem to align with altered structural development, studies of SBM provide new insights to our current understanding of brain structure–function associations. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:23–30.
Psychosocial and family functioning in spina bifida
Authors: Holmbeck Grayson N. , Devine Katie A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA developmentally oriented bio‐neuropsychosocial model is introduced to explain the variation in family functioning and psychosocial adjustment in youth and young adults with spina bifida (SB). Research on the family functioning and psychosocial adjustment of individuals with SB is reviewed. The findings of past research on families of youth with SB support a resilience–disruption view of family functioning. That is, the presence of a child with SB disrupts normative family functioning but many families adapt to such disruption and exhibit considerable resilience in the face of adversity. Parents of youth with SB, and particularly those from lower socio‐economic status (SES) homes, are at‐risk for psychosocial difficulties. Individuals with SB are at‐risk for developing internalizing symptoms, attention problems, educational difficulties, social maladjustment, and delays in the development of independent functioning. Emerging adults are often delayed in achieving milestones related to this stage of development (e.g., vocational and educational achievements). Methodologically sound, longitudinal, and theory‐driven studies of family and psychosocial functioning are needed, as are randomized family‐based intervention trials, to promote adaptive functioning and better psychosocial outcomes in families of individuals with SB. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:40–46.
Epidemiologic and genetic aspects of spina bifida and other neural tube defects
Authors: Au Kit Sing , Ashley‐Koch Allison , Northrup Hope 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe worldwide incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) ranges from 1.0 to 10.0 per 1,000 births with almost equal frequencies between two major categories: anencephaly and spina bifida (SB). Epidemiological studies have provided valuable insight for (a) researchers to identify nongenetic and genetic factors contributing to etiology, (b) public health officials to design and implement policies to prevent NTD pregnancies, and (c) individuals to take precautions to reduce the chance of having an NTD‐affected pregnancy. Despite extensive research, our knowledge of the genetic etiology of human NTDs is limited. Although more than 200 small animal models with NTDs exist, most of these models do not replicate the human disease phenotype. Over a hundred candidate genes have been examined for risk association to human SB. The candidate genes studied include those important in folic acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, retinoid metabolism, and apoptosis. Many genes that regulate transcription in early embryogenesis and maintain planar cell polarity have also been tested as candidates. Additionally, genes identified through mouse models of NTDs have been explored as candidates. We do not know how many genes in the human genome may confer risk for NTDs in human. Less than 20% of the studied candidate genes have been determined to confer even a minor effect on risk association. Many studies have provided conflicting conclusions due to limitations in study design that potentially affect the power of statistical analysis. Future directions such as genomewide association studies (GWAS) and whole exome or even whole genome sequencing are discussed as possible avenues to identify genes that affect risk for human NTDs. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:6–15.
Neuropathology and structural changes in hydrocephalus
Authors: Del Bigio Marc R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the context of spina bifida, hydrocephalus is usually caused by crowding of the posterior fossa with obstruction to cerebrospinal fluid flow from the forth ventricle, and less often by malformation of the cerebral aqueduct. Enlargement of the cerebral ventricles causes gradual destruction of periventricular white matter axons. Motor, sensory, visual, and memory systems may be disturbed through involvement of the long projection axons, periventricular structures including the corpus callosum, and the fimbria‐fornix pathway. Secondary changes occur in neuronal cell bodies and synapses, but there is minimal death of neurons. The clinical syndrome of hydrocephalic brain dysfunction is thus due to subcortical disconnection. Some of the brain dysfunction is reversible by shunting, probably through restoration of cerebral blood flow and normalization of the extracellular environment. However, destroyed axons cannot be restored. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:16–22.
Transition to adult health care for adolescents with spina bifida: Research issues
Authors: Sawyer Susan M. , Macnee Sarah 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe increasing survival of children and young people with congenital disabilities such as spina bifida (SB) provides a challenge to health care systems globally about how best to respond to the multitude of health, developmental, and psychosocial needs of those affected by this complex disorder across the lifespan, not just in childhood and adolescence. The goal of transition to adult health care is to maximize lifelong functioning through the provision of quality, developmentally appropriate health care that continues uninterrupted as the individual moves from adolescence to adulthood. The objective of this article is to outline the type of evidence we have around transition to adult health care in young people with SB, and to identify what additional research evidence would help inform the development of models of clinical care for young adults. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:60–65.
Neonatal amygdala or hippocampus lesions influence responsiveness to objects
Authors: Bliss‐Moreau Eliza , Toscano Jessica E. , Bauman Melissa D. , Mason William A. , Amaral David G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMedial temporal lobe brain structures, such as the amygdala, play an important role in the normal perception and generation of emotional behavior. Little research, however, has assessed the role of such structures across the neurodevelopmental trajectory. We assessed emotional behavioral responses of rhesus macaques that received bilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the amygdala or hippocampus at 2 weeks of age and sham‐operated controls. At 9 and 18 months of age, animals interacted with novel objects that varied in visual complexity as a means of varying emotional salience. All animals behaved differently in the presence of visually simple, as compared to complex, objects, suggesting that they were sensitive to variation in emotional salience. Across both experiments, amygdala‐lesioned animals appeared to be less behaviorally inhibited insofar as they explored all objects most readily. Interestingly, hippocampus‐lesioned animals' propensity for exploration mirrored that of control animals in some contexts but that of amygdala‐lesioned animals in other contexts. At 18 months of age, both amygdala‐lesioned and hippocampus‐lesioned animals were judged to be less fearful than controls during the testing procedure. Implications for understanding the neurobiology of emotional behavior are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 487–503, 2010.
Children's and adults' salivary alpha‐amylase responses to a laboratory stressor and to verbal recall of the stressor
Authors: Yim Ilona S. , Granger Douglas A. , Quas Jodi A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSalivary alpha‐amylase (sAA), an enzyme produced by the salivary glands, increases in response to physical and psychosocial stressors in adults. Whether similar increases are evident among children, though, is less clear, and there is a lack of studies directly comparing children's and adults' sAA responses to an identical stressor. In this study, 24 children (9–12 years; 12 female) and 26 adults (18–23 years; 16 female) were exposed to an identical psychosocial laboratory stressor and a recall interview regarding that stressor after a 2‐week delay. Saliva was collected before and 1, 10, 20, and 30 min after the stressor/recall interview. Among adults, concentrations of sAA increased on both study days, but similar increases were not detected among children. Findings suggest developmental differences in sAA reactivity, and underscore the need to characterize the confluence of elements that will reliably elicit sAA responses to mild stress in youth. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 598–602, 2010.