bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the rise in BCR-ABL RNA that optimally predicts a kinase domain mutation in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia on imatinib
Authors: Press Richard D. , Willis Stephanie G. , Laudadio Jennifer , Mauro Michael J. , Deininger Michael W. N. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn imatinib-treated chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), secondary drug resistance is often caused by mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase domain (KD). As alternative therapies are available for imatinib resistance, early identification of mutations may prevent disease progression. Because most patients are routinely monitored by BCR-ABL quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), it is important to define the optimal increase in BCR-ABL that should trigger mutation testing. Expert panels have provisionally recommended a 10-fold BCR-ABL increase as the trigger for mutation screening, acknowledging the lack of consensus. To address this question, we monitored 150 CML patients by quantitative PCR and DNA sequencing. Thirty-five different mutations were identified in 53 patients, and, during 22.5 months (median) of follow-up after sequencing, mutations were significantly predictive of shorter progression-free survival. An unbiased receiver operating characteristic analysis identified a 2.6-fold increase in BCR-ABL RNA as the optimal cutoff for predicting a concomitant KD mutation, with a sensitivity of 77% (94% if including subsequent samples). The 2.6-fold threshold approximated the analytic precision limit of our PCR assay. In contrast, transcript rise cutoffs of 5-fold or greater had poor diagnostic sensitivity and no significant association with mutations. We conclude that the currently recommended 10-fold threshold to trigger mutation screening is insensitive and not universally applicable.
Wake-tracking and turbulence modelling in computational aerodynamics of wind turbine aerofoils
Authors: Campobasso M S , Zanon A , Minisci E , Bonfiglioli A 
Published: July 2009

This article addresses two modelling aspects of wind turbine aerofoil aerodyna-mics based on the solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes (RANS) equations. One of these is the effect of an a priori method for structured grid adaptation aimed at improving the wake resolution. The presented results emphasize that the proposed adaptation strategy greatly improves the wake resolution in the far field, whereas the wake is completely diffused by the non-adapted grid with the same number and spacing patterns of grid nodes. The proposed adaptation approach can be easily included in the structured generation process of both commercial and in-house-structured mesh generators. The other numerical aspect examined herein is the impact of particular choices for turbulence modelling on the predicted solution. This includes the comparative analysis of numerical solutions obtained by using different turbulence models, and also aims at quantifying the solution inaccuracy arising from not modelling the laminar-to-turbulent transition. It is found that the drag forces obtained by considering the flow as transitional or fully turbulent may differ by 50 per cent. All these issues are investigated using a special-purpose hyperbolic grid generator and two multi block structured finite volume RANS codes. The numerical experiments consider the flow field past a wind turbine aerofoil for which an exhaustive campaign of steady and unsteady experimental measurements was conducted. The predictive capabilities of the CFD solvers are validated by comparing experimental data and numerical predictions for selected flow regimes. The incompressible analysis and design code XFOIL is also used to support the findings of the comparative analysis of numerical RANS-based results and experimental data.
An Efficient Inverse Method for Identification of the Location and Time History of an Elastic Impact Load
Authors: Kazemi M. , Hematiyan M. R. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
An inverse method to identify the location and time history of a single elastic impact load based on the time dependent structural responses is presented. At first, the unknown impact location is found through an inverse analysis without any information about the time history of the load. Two different methods are presented for the location identification. In both methods, an objective function expressing relationship between pairs of structural responses is minimized to find the optimal impact location. In the first method, the steepest descent technique is used to find the impact location precisely. In the second method, a zero-order search technique is developed for fast, but a little less accurate, identification of the impact location. After determining the location, the time dependent value of the impact load is reconstructed using the least-squares method. In-plane strain and its time integrals at sampling points are used to find the location and history of the impact load. In case of high strain fluctuation, time integration of strain removes fluctuations without introducing any additional error. This significantly simplifies the time history determination of the impact load. Two examples are presented to show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method.
High Precision Calibration of Modern Machine Tools by Inertial MeasurementHochpräzise Bahnkalibrierungen bei Werkzeugmaschinen durch Beschleunigungsmessungen
Authors: Mahdavi Nejat , Holzapfel Wolfgang 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
This paper yields the experimental proof that by strapdown accelerometers precise path calibrations of Cartesian machine tools can be performed with position accuracies in the micrometer scale and better. The acceleration sensors are fixed at the movable machine parts and position is calculated by time integration of the acceleration signals. To get high calibration accuracy one has to compensate carefully all systematic error sources in the inertial measurement channel, for instance dynamic sensor errors as well as disturbing vibrations of machine structure. We conclude that embedded inertial calibrators in machine tools can perform not only very fast and precise calibration procedures but also the inertial equipment is applicable for some additional tasks like in-process structural health monitoring.
Optical Bi-Sensorial Measurement System for Production Control of Extruded ProfilesOptisches Bi-Sensor-Messsystem zur Produktionskontrolle von Strangprofilen
Authors: Weckenmann Albert , Bernstein Johannes 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Extruded profiles are semi-finished products — made out of steel, brass, aluminum, polymers — which are appointed for wide applications in manufacturing of technical products. Today used optical sensors in process control can only measure accurately a two-point information of the part or with dense pointclouds at concave zones but with lower accuracy. It is to serve with a reliable conception to combine both advantages as well as suitable methods of analysis for the in-line inspection of concave profiles.The target uncertainty of less than 0.1 mm at every section of the profile has to be met.
Effect of the Embedding Technique in Fibre-Optic-Based Force Sensor for Dentistry: Nano-strain AnalysisFaserkraftsensor im Nanodehnungsbereich für Dentalanwendungen
Authors: Elsarnagawy Tarek , El-Wakad Mohamed-Tarek I. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of fibre optics in measuring nano-strains developed in dentistry due to small chewing force. Since long fibres were used before, therefore, short fibres were evaluated in this study. In this direction the results from three short fibres sensors (coated with adhesive, coated without adhesive, and uncoated with adhesive) were collected. The results were compared to each other and to strain values from electrical strain gauge. The results revealed superiority of the short fibre with adhesive among all the sensors in sensitivity and accuracy including the strain gauge. The results of the short fibre were, then, compared to results of previous study long fibre. Again, the accuracy of the short fibre sensor was higher than that of the long fibre (deviation of 3% and 12% errors, respectively). In terms of sensitivity, the sensitivity of the short fibre was about 30% of the long fibre. However, sensitivities of both short and long fibres were in the nano-strain region (74 and 17 nano-stains respectively) and were much higher than electrical strain gauge (micro-strain range).
Mass Dissemination using a Robot SystemMassevergleiche mittels eines Robotersystems
Authors: Fröhlich Thomas , Fehling Thomas , Heydenbluth Detlef 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
A new mass comparator robot system was used which covers 6 decades from 1 kg down to 1 mg in a single system to calibrate an entire 1 kg–1 mg OIML (5,2,2*,1) weight set against one 1 kg reference by subdivision. The robot system is fully automatic and can carry out the calibration in less than 1.5 days with no operator action except for loading the magazine at the beginning. A detailed description of the weighing design and the adjustment calculation is given.
Effects of High Pressure-Dependent Leakoff and High Process-Zone Stress in Coal-Stimulation Treatments
Authors: Ramurthy Muthukumarappan , Lyons Bill , Hendrickson Randall B. , Barree Robert D. , Magill Douglas P. 
Published: July 2009

Summary
Hydraulic fracturing in coals has been studied extensively over the last two decades; however, there are factors that were often ignored or incorrectly diagnosed, resulting in screenouts. Assuming that a majority of the perforations are open and there are no problems with the stimulation fluids, screenouts during coal hydraulic-fracture treatments can be attributed to either high pressure-dependent leakoff (PDL), high process-zone stress (PZS) or in some cases both. The objective of this work is to discuss, help identify, and present solutions to address these reservoir-related issues such that screenouts can be avoided in optimized refracture treatments and new well stimulations.
The tools for identifying these reservoir-related parameters include a diagnostic fracture-injection test (DFIT) and a grid-oriented fully functional 3D fracture simulator with shear decoupling. An example for each respective case is presented in this paper. In the first example, in which high PZS was considered to be the dominant reason for screenout or pressure out, the well was restimulated successfully by implementing the solutions presented in this paper. In the second example, in which high PDL was considered to be the main reason for screenout, there were several wells in the same project area that exhibited the same behavior resulting in screenouts. After implementing the solutions presented in this paper to address high PDL, all new wells were stimulated successfully without any issues.
Effects of Environmental Regulation on Economic Activity and Pollution in Commercial Agriculture
Authors: Sneeringer Stacy E 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Research empirically estimating the effects of regulation on economic activity is largely focused on manufacturing, while generally overlooking one of the major polluters in the U.S.  commercial agriculture. Further, the prior literature generally does not estimate the pollution effects associated with regulation, making it difficult to assess the relative social costs and benefits of government action. This article considers a specific set of state policies to examine the results of environmental regulations in the agricultural sector, providing estimates of the magnitude of effects on production as well as pollution. During the 1990's, North Carolina's hog production more than tripled after passage of welcoming state legislation. I find that North Carolina's laws led to an additional 11% increase per year in pork industry presence in North Carolina relative to the rest of the U.S., as well as a 10% increase per county per year in ambient air pollution. Through a series of falsification tests and examinations of alternative hypotheses, I conclude that the air pollution is attributable to the industry; a doubling of production yields a 92% increase in ambient air pollution. The magnitude of the changes in air pollution is large enough to result in significant public health effects, totaling in cost to at least 12% of North Carolina's hog production revenue.
Evaluation of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emissions and Its Impact of Ozone Formation
Authors: Kondo A. , Hai B. , Shrestha K. L. , Kaga A. , Inoue Y. 
Published: July 2009

The standard Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound (BVOC) emissions from ten Japanese plant species were measured by using a growth chamber where temperature and light intensity can be controlled. These species were selected due to their abundance in the estimated domain of the Kinki region. The BVOC emissions in Kinki region during July 2002 were estimated by revising the standard BVOC emissions from temperature and light intensity which were calculated by MM5. The two types of the ozone calculation were carried out by CMAQ. One was the calculation with BVOC emissions (BIO). Another was the calculation that assumes BVOC emissions to be zero (NOBIO). The maximum ozone concentrations of BIO reasonably reproduced the observed maximum concentrations in especially the fine days. The hourly differences of monthly average ozone concentrations between BIO and NOBIO had the maximum value of 6ppb at 2 p.m. The explicit difference appeared in urban area, though the place where the maximum of difference occurred changed. It was shown that the BVOC emitted from the forest area strongly affected the ozone generation in the urban area.Key words: biogenic volatile organic compound, ozone, MM5, CMAQ, growth chamber Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2009, July, pp. 48-55doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2062
Purification and Compression of Biogas: A Research Experience
Authors: Bajracharya Tri Ratna , Dhungana Alok , Thapaliya Nirajan , Hamal Gogan 
Published: July 2009

Biogas is widely used in villages of Nepal for cooking and lighting. But its commercial use has never been realized due to difficulties in its storage and transportation. Solution identified to the problem is to increase the energy density of the gas through removal of incombustible and corrosive gas and consequent compression which was experimented on a lab-scale model. This paper presents all the results of removal of CO2 gas from biogas using different chemicals and relative purity with raw gas. Further, compression of biogas and was carried out by methane refrigerant compressor and bottled into normal LPG cylinder. Compression of biogas was carried out under near Isothermal and Adiabatic conditions up to 11bar absolute pressure. The energy efficiency of compression was determined to be 98.71% and if the gas used for generation of electricity using a generator with an efficiency of 30%, the net energy efficiency turned out to be 95.72%. Later, a boiling test was conducted whereby the combustibility of the compressed biogas from the cylinder in normal biogas-stove was tested to validate its use in cooking, the results of which are included.Key words: Purification of Biogas, Compression of Biogas, Chemical purification, Energy efficiency, Combustion test.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, July 2009, pp. 90-98doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2066
Live Loads for Rural Bridges
Authors: Shrestha Jagat Kumar 
Published: July 2009

We find various loading standards for bridges in different countries based on their own contexts. In the context of Nepal, the road bridges have been designed adopting the various codes. Many of the bridges have been designed based on IRC and AASHTO standards. Nepal Road Standard (NRS 2027), has adopted the IRC and AASHTO loadings. The NRS covers loadings for the highway and feeder roads. The standard does not cover the loading standards for rural roads in Nepal. Now we have more than 20,000 km rural roads. This paper tries to review the live load standards which are being adopted in design of bridges in Nepal and recommend the live loads suitable for the bridges in rural roads specifically for district roads and village roads. For rural bridges, individual truck loading may be relevant rather than the train of loading. The 24R IRC loading may be an appropriate loading for rural bridges in Nepal. This represents a heavy vehicle plying in rural roads in Nepal.Key words: Live loads; Pem fuel cell; Self-organising maps;Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, July, 2009 pp. 111-115doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2068
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): Current concept and a short Review
Authors: Rahman MT , Tahmin T , Ferdousi S , Bela SN 
Published: July 2009

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a very common and important disease occurring during pregnancy and has detrimental effect on both the mother and the baby. The mother is at increased risk of developing obstetric complications like prolonged labour, prone to develop type 2 diabetes in future and the baby is born with overweight, cause of childhood obesity and later life development of type 2 diabetes. A short review and current concept of GDM is discussed. Key words: GDM, Type 2 diabetes, Obesity, Macrosomia, Complications doi: 10.3329/bjpath.v24i1.2877 Bangladesh J Pathol 24 (1) : 16-20
Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Tuberculosis which Developed to AML - A Case Report
Authors: Sultana Tuhin , Chowdhury Abdul Allam , Yunus ABM , Ahmed AN Nashimuddin 
Published: July 2009

A 60 year old male presented with pulmonary tuberculosis and moderate anaemia. He was on antitubercular treatment and haematinics. The anaemia remained refractory to treatment. But the patient developed recurrent deep vein thrombosis and pancytopenia, which subsequently transformed into acute myeloid leukemia (AML).The development of AML suggested that the haematological aberrations observed earlier were actually states of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The significance of concurrently developing AML and MDS is discussed and reported here. doi: 10.3329/bjpath.v24i1.2879 Bangladesh J Pathol 24 (1) : 25-27
A Case of Mosaic Down Syndrome
Authors: Habib Saequa 
Published: July 2009

Cytogenetic analysis in 44 clinically suspected cases of Down syndrome (DS) was carried out using conventional Giemsa-trypsin-banding technique. Among them 43 cases were cytogenetically proved as DS. Forty-two individuals (97.7%) exhibited pure trisomy 21. The remaining child was a seven years old boy, the second-born of nonconsanguineous parents and had 46/47XY, +21 mosaicism. He also possessed most of the phenotypic characteristics of the classical trisomy 21. Keywords: Cytogenetic analysis, Down syndrome, syndrome. doi: 10.3329/bjpath.v24i1.2880 Bangladesh J Pathol 24 (1) : 28-30
NK Cells Interfere with the Generation of Resistance against Mycoplasma Respiratory Infection following Nasal-Pulmonary Immunization
Authors: Bodhankar Sheetal , Woolard Mathew D. , Sun Xiangle , Simecka Jerry W. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of NK cells on the development of protective adaptive immunity in response to nasal-pulmonary immunization against mycoplasma. Depletion of NK cells before nasal-pulmonary immunization enhanced resistance to mycoplasma respiratory infection. The effect of NK cells on the generation of protective immunity in lungs was dependent on lymphoid cells, as immunization of either SCID mice or immunocompetent mice depleted of CD4+ T cells did not demonstrate any increased resistance in the presence or absence of NK cells. The presence of NK cells at the time of nasal-pulmonary immunization modulated mycoplasma-specific cytokine responses in lungs and lower respiratory nodes. In particular, NK cells skewed the mycoplasma-specific T cell cytokine responses in the draining lymph nodes to higher IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17 while lowering IFN-γ responses. Adoptive transfer of total lung lymphocytes isolated from immunized mice into naive mice led to a significant reduction in the mycoplasma numbers in lungs, and the resistance was greater if cells were obtained from immunized mice that were depleted of NK cells. Similar results were obtained if purified B cells, T cells, or CD4+ T cells were used. Interestingly, this is the first time that a favorable role of functional CD4+ T cells in mediating protection in mycoplasma respiratory disease was demonstrated. Thus, NK cells can influence the responses of multiple lymphocyte populations capable of mediating resistance to mycoplasma infection.
Evaluation of mixed‐conducting lanthanum‐strontium‐cobaltite ceramic membrane for oxygen separation
Authors: Ge Lei , Shao Zongping , Zhang Kun , Ran Ran , Diniz da Costa J.C. , Liu Shaomin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this study, La0.4Sr0.6CoO3‐δ (LSC) oxide was synthesized via an EDTA‐citrate complexing process and its application as a mixed‐conducting ceramic membrane for oxygen separation was systematically investigated. The phase structure of the powder and microstructure of the membrane were characterized by XRD and SEM, respectively. The optimum condition for membrane sintering was developed based on SEM and four‐probe DC electrical conductivity characterizations. The oxygen permeation fluxes at various temperatures and oxygen partial pressure gradients were measured by gas chromatography method. Fundamental equations of oxygen permeation and transport resistance through mixed conducting membrane were developed. The oxygen bulk diffusion coefficient (Dv) and surface exchange coefficient (Kex) for LSC membrane were derived by model regression. The importance of surface exchange kinetics at each side of the membrane on oxygen permeation flux under different oxygen partial pressure gradients and temperatures were quantitatively distinguished from the oxygen bulk diffusion. The maximum oxygen flux achieved based on 1.6‐mm‐thick La0.4Sr0.6CoO3‐δ membrane was ∼4.0 × 10−7 mol cm−2 s−1at 950°C. However, calculation results show theoretical oxygen fluxes as high as 2.98 × 10−5 mol cm−2 s−1 through a 5‐μm‐thick LSC membrane with ideal surface modification when operating at 950°C for air separation. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009