bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing patient education tools for chronic pain medications: Artificial intelligence chatbot versus traditional patient information leaflets
Authors: Gondode Prakash , Duggal Sakshi , Garg Neha , Sethupathy Surrender , Asai Omshubham , Lohakare Pooja 
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims:
Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots like Conversational Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) have recently created much buzz, especially regarding patient education. Such informed patients understand and adhere to the management and get involved in shared decision making. The accuracy and understandability of the generated educational material are prime concerns. Thus, we compared ChatGPT with traditional patient information leaflets (PILs) about chronic pain medications.

Methods:
Patients' frequently asked questions were generated from PILs available on the official websites of the British Pain Society (BPS) and the Faculty of Pain Medicine. Eight blinded annexures were prepared for evaluation, consisting of traditional PILs from the BPS and AI-generated patient information materials structured similar to PILs by ChatGPT. The authors performed a comparative analysis to assess materials’ readability, emotional tone, accuracy, actionability, and understandability. Readability was measured using Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Gunning Fog Index (GFI), and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL). Sentiment analysis determined emotional tone. An expert panel evaluated accuracy and completeness. Actionability and understandability were assessed with the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool.

Results:
Traditional PILs generally exhibited higher readability (P values < 0.05), with [mean (standard deviation)] FRE [62.25 (1.6) versus 48 (3.7)], GFI [11.85 (0.9) versus 13.65 (0.7)], and FKGL [8.33 (0.5) versus 10.23 (0.5)] but varied emotional tones, often negative, compared to more positive sentiments in ChatGPT-generated texts. Accuracy and completeness did not significantly differ between the two. Actionability and understandability scores were comparable.

Conclusion:
While AI chatbots offer efficient information delivery, ensuring accuracy and readability, patient-centeredness remains crucial. It is imperative to balance innovation with evidence-based practice.
Intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy in adult patients undergoing craniotomies under general anaesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Jangra Kiran , Gandhi Aravind P. , Mishra Nitasha , Shamim Muhammad Aaqib , Padhi Bijaya K 
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims:
Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) has conflicting evidence regarding outcomes in neurosurgical patients. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effect of GDFT and conventional fluid therapy on various perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Cochrane and preprint servers. The search was conducted up until 16 October 2023, following PROSPERO registration. The search strategy included terms related to GDFT, neurosurgery and perioperative outcomes. Only randomised controlled trials involving adult humans and comparing GDFT with standard/liberal/traditional/restricted fluid therapy were included. The studies were evaluated for risk of bias (RoB), and pooled estimates of the outcomes were measured in terms of risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD).

Results:
No statistically significant difference was observed in neurological outcomes between GDFT and conventional fluid therapy [RR with 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.10 (0.69, 1.75), two studies, 90 patients, low certainty of evidence using GRADEpro]. GDFT reduced postoperative complications [RR = 0.67 (0.54, 0.82), six studies, 392 participants] and intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay [MD (95% CI) were -1.65 (-3.02, -0.28) and -0.94 (-1.47, -0.42), respectively] with high certainty of evidence. The pulmonary complications were significantly lower in the GDFT group [RR (95% CI) = 0.55 (0.38, 0.79), seven studies, 442 patients, high certainty of evidence]. Other outcomes, including total intraoperative fluids administered and blood loss, were comparable in GDFT and conventional therapy groups [MD (95% CI) were -303.87 (-912.56, 304.82) and -14.79 (-49.05, 19.46), respectively].

Conclusion:
The perioperative GDFT did not influence the neurological outcome. The postoperative complications and hospital and ICU stay were significantly reduced in the GDFT group.
Pemphigus vulgaris in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A management dilemma
Authors: Yadav Anukriti , Mendiratta Vibhu , Bindal Ayushman 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The association of immunobullous disorders with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is rare. Concurrence of these two conditions poses a therapeutic challenge as both cause immune dysregulation. We report pemphigus vulgaris in association with HIV infection in a 50-year-old woman who died of sepsis after receiving high-dose corticosteroids for the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris.
Can ferritin be a surrogate marker for CD4 cells in human immunodeficiency virus patients? A cross-sectional study of association of serum ferritin levels with immunological staging of human immunodeficiency virus patients
Authors: Hegde Chinmay Vishwanath , Mahur Hemant , Singh D. P. , Darshan R. S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS in India came into public view in 1986 with the detection of the first case of HIV in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, and the first AIDS case in Mumbai, Maharashtra in 1987. In acute phase response, iron distribution occurs in the liver and mononuclear phagocytic system. A high prevalence of elevated serum ferritin levels is reported in HIV infection and serum ferritin levels increase with the clinical worsening of infection and with decreasing CD4 lymphocyte counts. This study is designed to find the role of acute phase reactant serum ferritin in the progression of the disease of HIV which is complicated by opportunistic infections, by finding the correlation of serum ferritin with immunological stages of HIV.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 patients admitted to various wards of the Department of Medicine or attending medicine outdoor or ART Centre, Maharana Bhupal Government Hospital, RNT Medical College Udaipur. Serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity, and total serum iron were analyzed in Cobas® analyzer. CD4 cells are measured using the flow cytometry technique. The results were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results and Conclusion:
There was a negative correlation among serum ferritin and CD4 cells with r = −0.195 which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). As the CD4 cell count decreased incidence of serum ferritin increased. Elevation of serum ferritin levels is associated with a low count of the CD4+ in HIV-diagnosed patients. In a patient diagnosed with HIV, elevated serum ferritin indicates underlying inflammatory pathology. Serum ferritin can be used as a guide to further evaluation of underlying disease in HIV patients.
A prospective observational study on species differentiation and antifungal susceptibility pattern in patients with genital candidiasis
Authors: Sivagamasundari S. , Mahadevan K. , Rai Reena , Lavanya Sriramajayam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Candidial balanitis, balanoposthitis and vulvovaginitis can be diagnosed by direct microscopy, culture and treated with antifungals. Resistance to antifungals is emerging. Hence, we conducted a study to identify the causative species and antifungal susceptibility.

Aim:
To observe the species differentiation and antifungal susceptibility pattern in patients with genital candidiasis.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective observational study was carried out that included 54 patients of age group (18-60 years) diagnosed clinically and direct microscopically (KOH) for genital candidiasis. Culture was done using Sabouraud dextrose agar. Species identification and antifungal susceptibility were tested. Descriptive data were expressed in the form of frequency and percentage.

Results:
Out of 54 patients, 41 had culture positive candidiasis. Among the isolated species, 68.3% were Candida albicans (28/41) and 31.7% were non- albicans Candida spp. Among non-albicans Candida species (13/41), Candida glabrata (19.5%), Candida tropicalis (7.3%), Candida guilliermondii (2.4%), Candida parapsilosis (2.4%) were identified. Antifungal susceptibility was tested for fluconazole (FLU), clotrimazole (CLTZ), itraconazole (ITZ), ketoconazole (KTZ), voriconazole (VOR), amphotericin-B (AMPH-B). Except C. glabrata and C.parapsilosis, all other species were sensitive to all tested antifungals. All isolated species were sensitive to KTZ, VOR, AMPH-B, and CLTZ. Nearly 22% of isolates were resistant to fluconazole.

Conclusion:

C. glabrata causes complicated, severe recurrent vulvovaginitis which is fluconazole resistant. Drug sensitivity prior prescribing antifungal agent identifies appropriate drug, decreases patient’s disease morbidity and cross resistance.
Fetomaternal outcome of HIV-infected pregnant women delivering at a tertiary health-care center of South Gujarat
Authors: Thakkar Zubin Dipan , Verma Ragini N. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study was to document the fetomaternal outcome in HIV-infected pregnant women delivering at a tertiary health-care center of South Gujarat.

Subjects and Methods:
This study was a secondary data analysis of pregnant HIV-infected women delivering between May 2017 and April 2021 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, a tertiary health-care center of South Gujarat.

Statistical Analysis:
Secondary data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM SPSS Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

Results:
A total of 145 HIV-infected pregnant women were delivered at our institute during the study period. Thirteen (8.97%) participants had preterm delivery. Eighty-eight (60.68%) of the 145 participants had vaginal delivery and 57 (39.32%) underwent cesarean section. One hundred and forty-three (98.62%) of our 145 participants had live births, whereas 2 (1.38%) had stillbirths. Most of the newborns, i.e., 96 (64.43%) had a birth weight of between 2 and 3 kg, and 25 (16.77%) had a birth weight of <2 kg. Out of 147 live-born babies, 36 (24.48%) babies were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit NICU.

Conclusion:
Although the HIV positivity in our general population is <1%, it entails a slightly higher risk of preterm birth and stillbirth for the HIV-positive pregnant women. Early registration and appropriate antenatal care are necessary for optimizing the fetomaternal outcome.
Risk factors associated with increasing prevalence of gonorrhea and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Neisseria gonorrhoeae among adolescents: A decade-long, hospital-based study from India
Authors: Sharma Devanshi , Muralidhar Sumathi , Lachyan Abhishek Shivanand , Khunger Niti 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Gonorrhea is a significant cause of morbidity among sexually active population. Young adults and adolescents have a high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to behavioral, biological, and cultural factors fuelling the epidemic among them. The Centers for Disease Control recommends annual STI screening for sexually active individuals under twenty-five and those at higher risk. The present study aims at determining the risk factors linked to the rising prevalence of gonorrhea among Indian adolescents and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Materials and Methods:
Clinical samples from adolescents attending the STI clinics were collected over 10 years. The isolates were confirmed as N. gonorrhoeae and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed to various drugs using the minimum inhibitory concentration strip method.

Results:
A total of 7308 genital discharge specimens were collected from STI clinic attendees, of which 417 samples were positive for gonorrhea (25 among male adolescents). Seventy six percent of positive adolescents had multiple sex partners, with only 4% using condoms. Nearly 20% practiced exchange of drugs for sex. Antimicrobial susceptibility rates were 96% sensitive for azithromycin, cefixime, and ceftriaxone. Gentamicin and spectinomycin reported 100% sensitivity rates. High resistance rates were reported to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline at 80%, 88%, and 68%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Regular screening for STIs helps understand the trends and transmission of gonorrhea, which helps initiate appropriate control measures. The resistance to recommended treatment regimens such as azithromycin and cefixime seems to be escalating gradually, probably due to irrational use of antibiotics for non-STI cases and empirical treatment, which needs close monitoring.
Stress distribution pattern in two different no-post systems in endodontically treated maxillary central incisors: A three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Jain Abhya , Shah Nimisha Chinmay , Kumar Mohan , Ishwar Sidhant , Purkayastha Dron Das , Mishra Dhaneshwar , Shanbhag Arun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the stress distribution in an endodontically treated tooth restored with two different reinforcing fibers followed by direct composite restoration using a finite element analysis (FEA).

Settings and Design:
FEA.

Subjects and Methods:
Two three-dimensional models of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors were restored with two reinforcing fibers: the polyethylene fibers (PFs) and the short fiber-reinforced composite (SFRC), respectively. The restoration was carried out without any intraradicular preparation using direct composite restoration. The models were generated using SolidWorks. The elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio for various structures and materials were installed into the simulation software, Abaqus. A FEA was then conducted. Each model received a mixed-mode loading of 150 N as distributed pressure to the specified region, and stress distribution was evaluated using the von Mises criteria.

Results:
Both the reinforcing materials, PF and SRFC, showed maximum concentration of stresses in the cervical third of the tooth. The calculated values of the von Mises stresses for the PF and the SFRC models were 1.7 Mpa and 1.9 Mpa, respectively. Moreover, the stresses generated were of low intensity and were uniformly distributed, suggesting that by using this technique, stresses may be very well tolerated by the remaining tooth structure without any fracture.

Conclusion:
This no-posttechnique, using the two reinforcing fibers, showed minimal stress concentration in the cervical region of the tooth. Thus, using this ultraconservative approach that aims to preserve and reinforce the pericervical dentin and restore the remaining tooth structure with direct composite restoration could be a promising treatment option for the rehabilitation of badly mutilated teeth.
Management of a bulbous blunderbuss maxillary central incisor with one root and three canals in a patient with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Bollineni Swetha , Malini Duvvuri Lakshmi , Mohan T. Murali , Thejashwini V. P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Unique anatomical deviations in canal structure are rare in anterior teeth, especially central incisors, and thus risk being overlooked. For successful intervention, a meticulous diagnostic procedure and treatment plan, significantly aided by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), are crucial. The case at hand explores the management of a maxillary left central incisor in a cleft palate patient, characterized by multiple developmental lobes, a bulbous crown, and an atypical root anatomy. The primary symptom was pain, accompanied by a history of trauma at age 8 years and ensuing tooth discoloration. Initial evaluations, augmented by CBCT, revealed pulpal necrosis in a single-rooted tooth with three distinct canals. Initial clinical examination was supplemented by electrical pulp testing, RadioVisioGraphy (RVG), and CBCT, after which the root canal therapy was initiated. Informed consent was obtained from the patient. The access cavity preparation resulted in a three-orifice cavity. Subsequently, the canals were enlarged and sufficiently debrided. Calcium-hydroxide was applied for 2 weeks before the commencement of apexification and obturation, followed by esthetic rehabilitation. This case highlights the importance of recognizing rare anatomical variations in anterior teeth and demonstrates the invaluable role of CBCT in both diagnosing and managing such complexities.
Effect of the calcium silicate and sodium phosphate remineralizing products on bleached enamel
Authors: Souza Victor Trassi Fernandes Silva , Cortez Thiago Vinicius , Paschoini-Costa Vitoria Leite , Borsatto Maria Cristina , Corona Silmara Aparecida Milori , Souza-Gabriel Aline Evangelista 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Context and Aims:
This study evaluated the effect of calcium silicate and sodium phosphate (CSSP) dentifrice and serum on the surface of enamel bleached with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 160 bovine enamel slabs were bleached with 35% H2O2 and treated with sodium fluoride (NaF) dentifrice-GI, CSSP dentifrice-GII; CSSP dentifrice + CSSP serum-GIII, or NaF dentifrice + NaF gel-GIV. The dentifrices were applied using a brushing machine three times daily for 7 days. After brushing, sodium phosphate gel and CSSP serum were applied. The microhardness (KNH, n = 14), surface roughness (Ra, n = 14), energy dispersive spectroscopy (n = 6), and scanning electron microscopy (n = 6) were assessed at t0 (before bleaching), t1 (after bleaching), and t2 (after postbleaching treatments).

Statistical Analysis Used:
The data were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni’s test.

Results:
The KNH decreased at t1 (P < 0.001) but recovered at t2 for all treatments, although only GII showed restored baseline values (P = 0.0109). The surface roughness increased at t1 (P < 0.001) and reduced at t2 (P < 0.001) for all groups, with no significant differences among groups. Enamel composition and morphology did not differ after the treatments, except for silicon accumulation in GIII.

Conclusions:
Postbleaching treatment with CSSP dentifrice and serum yielded superior remineralizing effects on bleached enamel.
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in restorative dentistry
Authors: Perarivalan I. , Karunakaran Janani , Anbalagan Nathashri , Harishma S. , Prasad Vishnu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been identified as agents that disintegrate the collagen structures of dental hybrid layers, resulting in reduced restorative bond strength. Multiple MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) are known to counteract this degenerative mechanism, thereby preserving bond strength and promoting the longevity of resin-based restorations. Additionally, literature suggests that certain MMPI materials possess antimicrobial/anticariogenic properties, potentially reducing the risk of secondary caries development. Therefore, this review article aims to narrate on the integration of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors into adhesive systems and their impact on bond strength.
Analisis Pergeseran Struktur Ekonomi dan Penentuan Sektor Unggulan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan Tahun 2018-2022
Authors: Lestiyana* Ivonne , Larasati Aisha Iola , Manik Theodorik Rizal 
Published: June 2024

Struktur perekonomian di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan didominasi sektor pertambangan dan penggalian. Untuk mengurangi ketergantungan pada sektor pertambangan dan penggalian, perlu dilakukan transformasi struktur ekonomi ke sektor lain yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan struktur ekonomi dan alternatif sektor unggulan di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriftif kuantitatif yang dilaksanakan di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu Location Quotient, Dynamic Location Quotient, Shift Share dan Tipologi Klassen. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder PDRB menurut lapangan kerja Atas Dasar Harga Konstan dari 2018 hingga 2022. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sektor yang memenuhi kriteria unggulan yaitu sektor pertambangan dan penggalian; sektor pengadaan air, pengelolaan sampah, limbah, dan daur ulang; sektor transportasi dan pergudangan; dan sektor jasa pendidikan. Pengembangan tiga sektor unggulan selain sektor pertambangan dan penggalian, diharapkan mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan perekonomian di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan secara berkelanjutan.
Venture investments and experience working with universities and research institutes: practical problems in Russia
Authors: Рогачевский П.А. 
Published: June 2024

В статье рассмотрен опыт взаимодействия венчурных инвесторов с вузами и научно-исследовательскими институтами в Российской Федерации, освещены практические проблемы и возможные пути их решения. Венчурные инвестиции играют решающую роль в стимулировании инноваций и популяризации научно-исследовательских и опытно-конструкторских работ. В России венчурные капиталисты мало проявляют интерес к сотрудничеству с вузами и научно-исследовательскими институтами, тем не мнее это необходимо в целях выявления перспективных проектов и поддержки их разработки. Подобного рода сотрудничество нередко сталкивается с рядом практических проблем, препятствующих эффективному решению и надежному трансферу информации и технологий между научными кругами и предпринимателями.
This article examines the experience of interaction of venture investors with universities and research institutes in the Russian Federation, highlights practical problems and possible solutions. Venture capital investments play a crucial role in stimulating innovation and popularizing research and development activities. In Russia, venture capitalists show little interest in cooperation with universities and research institutes, however, this is necessary in order to identify promising projects and support their development. Such cooperation often faces a number of practical problems that impede the effective solution and reliable transfer of information and technology between academia and entrepreneurs.