bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A doubly nonlinear problem associated with a mathematical model for piezoelectric material behavior
Authors: Kraynyukova N. , Alber H.‐D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe consider a mathematical model, which describes piezoelectric material behavior. This model is similar to models of plasticity theory. However, piezoelectric models describe coupled mechanical and electrical material behavior. Therefore they contain additional nonlinearities in the piezoelectric tensor and in the enthalpy function, which is non quadratic. These nonlinearities cause difficulties in the proof of existence theorems. Under the assumption that the piezoelectric tensor is constant (i.e. independent of P), we show how the system of model equations can be reduced to a doubly nonlinear evolution equation of the form zt ∈ G(‐Mz‐Φ (z) + f), which contains a composition of two monotone operators. The monotone mapping G is a subdifferential of the indicator function of some convex set while the second monotone mapping Φ is the Nemyckii operator of a monotone function. We prove existence of strong solutions, if Φ is replaced by a regularization. If in addition Φ is Lipschitz continuous we can show that the solution is unique.
Split Parturition Observed in a Captive North American Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)
Authors: Ware Jasmine V. , Nelson O. Lynne , Robbins Charles T. , Jansen Heiko T. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReproductive physiology in North American ursids is characterized by mating from spring to early summer, delayed implantation, and birth during hibernation. During spring 2008, a captive adult female brown bear was mated with two adult males. Pregnancy was determined by elevated progesterone concentrations during late fall before hibernation. Two male cubs were born on December 31, 2008, and a third female cub was born 17 days later on January 16. All were successfully raised and all were confirmed to have identical paternity. When normalized to age, cub growth rates did not differ. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of markedly different birth dates in a single litter of brown bear cubs. Zoo Biol 31: 255–259, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disability Advocacy and Reproductive Choice: Engaging with the Expressivist Objection
Authors: Peterson Madelyn 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis professional issues paper outlines the experience and value of engagement with disability advocates, philosophy scholars and bioethicists for spirited debate of issues such as modern eugenics, the expressivist objection and reproductive choice. This process for one group of individuals, undoubtedly prompted deeper examination and questioning of some long held personal and professional views, for all participants. For this author, engagement in the “Disability Rights–Genetic Counseling Interest Group” over a full year resulted in several positive changes in genetic counselling practice as well as the development of meaningful, robust philosophical defence of the dual roles in genetic counseling; advocacy for those with disabilities, and facilitation of a full range of reproductive choices.
Commentary: How Individual and Profession‐level Factors Influence Discussion of Disability in Prenatal Genetic Counseling
Authors: Hodgson Jan , Weil Jon 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHodgson and Weil (Journal of Genetic Counseling,2011) reports on two interactive workshops in which genetic counselors identified a broad set of counseling issues that may be impediments to promoting an adequate discussion of disability in prenatal genetic counseling. The present commentary discusses two factors that we infer underlie these counseling issues. First, countertransference concerning disability, which is normal and expected, may influence genetic counselors’ decisions about raising and exploring the complex topic of disability in prenatal genetic counseling. Second, the limited involvement of the profession of genetic counseling in the complex social and ethical issues of disability provide little guidance to the individual genetic counselor with respect to discussing disability in prenatal diagnosis counseling. We suggest both factors must be acknowledged and addressed in order to adequately implement the recommendations presented in Hodgson and Weil (Journal of Genetic Counseling,2011) as well as other efforts to increase discussion of disability in prenatal diagnosis counseling in the service of informed decision making.
Information Related to Prenatal Genetic Counseling: Interpretation by Adolescents, Effects on Risk Perception and Ethical Implications
Authors: Melas Philippe A. , Georgsson Öhman Susanne , Juth Niklas , Bui The‐Hung 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBeing raised in the genomic era may not only increase knowledge of available genetic testing but may also have an impact on how genetic information is perceived. However, little is known about how current adolescents react to the language commonly used by health care professionals providing prenatal counseling. In addition, as risk communication is related to numbers and figures, having different educational backgrounds may be associated with variability in risk perceptions. In order to investigate these issues, a previously developed questionnaire studying different ways of being told about hypothetical anomalies in a baby and corresponding risks (Abramsky and Fletcher Prenatal Diagnosis 22(13):1188–1194, 2002) was administered to high‐school students in Sweden. A total of 344 questionnaires were completed by students belonging to a natural science or a social science program. The data show that teenage participants found technical jargon and words such as rare and abnormal more worrying than the presented comparison terms. Negative framing effects and perception differences related to numeric risk formats were also present. Additionally, participants’ gender and educational program did not seem to have an effect on risk assessment. In addition to reporting the questionnaire results, we discuss the ethical implications of the data based on the norm of non‐directiveness and make some recommendations for practice. In general, genetic counselors should be aware that the language used within clinical services can be influential on this group of upcoming counselees.
Älter, kränker und trotzdem länger arbeiten – neue Anforderungen an die medizinische Rehabilitation?
Authors: Deck Ruth , Pohontsch Nadine 
Published: October 2011

Einleitung
Allen Statistiken zufolge wird die Bevölkerung in Deutschland älter. Dies schlägt sich auch in der Alterszusammensetzung in Rehabilitationskliniken nieder. Ältere Rehabilitanden weisen krankheitsspezifisch und krankheitsassoziiert eine andere Beschwerdelast auf als jüngere Versicherte. Ein speziell auf ältere Rehabilitanden zugeschnittenes Rehabilitations- und Therapieangebot ist nahe liegend und könnte für den längerfristigen Erfolg der Rehabilitation erforderlich sein.
Rehabilitation als Element des betrieblichen Gesundheitsmanagements in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen
Authors: Heuer Jochen , Hesse Bettina , Gebauer Erika 
Published: October 2011

Einleitung
Die Rehabilitation gewinnt für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) zusehends an Bedeutung, da sie angesichts der demographischen Entwicklung und der Zunahme chronischer Erkrankungen unter den Belegschaften dazu beitragen kann, die berufliche Leistungsfähigkeit zu erhalten. Sie wird aber nur dann erfolgreich sein, wenn sowohl Arbeitgeber wie Arbeitnehmer den Nutzen der Maßnahmen erkennen. Dieser Artikel fragt nach der Akzeptanz und der Wertschätzung der Rehabilitation in KMU.
The measurement of suspension rheology
Authors: Hinch E. J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn the following featured article, Boyer, Pouliquen & Guazzelli (J. Fluid Mech., this issue, vol. 686, 2011, pp 5–25) measure the normal stresses in a suspension of non-colloidal rigid spheres. They use the classical rod-climbing experiment, except that for interesting reasons the free surface near to the rotating rod does not rise but dips down. Careful techniques reveal that the normal stresses occur only above a volume concentration of 22 %. Over a period of hours the measurements drift, typical of many observations of suspensions. This is due to particles slowly migrating away from the rotating rod. A model of the migration gives good predictions of the observed changes.
Permo-Carboniferous conglomerates in the Trinity Peninsula Group at View Point, Antarctic Peninsula: sedimentology, geochronology and isotope evidence for provenance and tectonic setting in Gondwana
Authors: BRADSHAW JOHN D. , VAUGHAN ALAN P. M. , MILLAR IAN L. , FLOWERDEW MICHAEL J. , TROUW RUDOLPH A. J. , FANNING C. MARK , WHITEHOUSE MARTIN J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractField observations from the Trinity Peninsula Group at View Point on the Antarctic Peninsula indicate that thick, southward-younging and overturned clastic sedimentary rocks, comprising unusually coarse conglomeratic lenses within a succession of fine-grained sandstone–mudstone couplets, are the deposits of debris and turbidity flows on or at the foot of a submarine slope. Three detrital zircons from the sandstone–mudstone couplets date deposition at 302 ± 3 Ma, at or shortly after the Carboniferous–Permian boundary. Conglomerates predominantly consist of quartzite and granite and contain boulders exceeding 500 mm in diameter. Zircons from granitoid clasts and a silicic volcanic clast yield U–Pb ages of 466 ± 3 Ma, 373 ± 5 Ma and 487 ± 4 Ma, respectively and have corresponding average εHft values between +0.3 and +7.6. A quartzite clast, conglomerate matrix and sandstone interbedded with the conglomerate units have broadly similar detrital zircon age distributions and Hf isotope compositions. The clast and detrital zircon ages match well with sources within Patagonia; however, the age of one granite clast and the εHf characteristics of some detrital zircons point to a lesser South Africa or Ellsworth Mountain-like contribution, and the quartzite and granite-dominated composition of the conglomerates is similar to upper Palaeozoic diamictites in the Ellsworth Mountains. Unlike detrital zircons, large conglomerate clasts limit possible transport distance, and suggest sedimentation took place on or near the edge of continental crust. Comparison with other upper Palaeozoic to Mesozoic sediments in the Antarctic Peninsula and Patagonia, including detrital zircon composition and the style of deformation, suggests deposition of the Trinity Peninsula Group in an upper plate basin on an active margin, rather than a subduction-related accretionary setting, with slow extension and rifting punctuated by short periods of compression.
Kierkegaard's double movement of faith and Kant's moral faith
Authors: FREMSTEDAL ROE 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe present article deals with religious faith by comparing the so-called double movement of faith in Kierkegaard to Kant's moral faith. Kierkegaard's double movement of faith and Kant's moral faith can be seen as providing different accounts of religious faith, as well as involving different solutions to the problem of realizing the highest good. The double movement of faith inFear and Tremblingprovides an account of the structure of faith that helps us make sense of what Kierkegaard means by religious faith in general, as well as to understand better the relation between philosophy and Christian thinking in Kierkegaard. It is argued that previous scholarship has described the relation between Kierkegaard and Kant in a misleading manner by interpreting Kant as an ethicist and overlooking the role of grace in Kant.
Solving the tool switching problem with memetic algorithms
Authors: Amaya Jhon Edgar , Cotta Carlos , Fernández-Leiva Antonio J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe tool switching problem (ToSP) is well known in the domain of flexible manufacturing systems. Given a reconfigurable machine, the ToSP amounts to scheduling a collection of jobs on this machine (each of them requiring a different set of tools to be completed), as well as the tools to be loaded/unloaded at each step to process these jobs, such that the total number of tool switches is minimized. Different exact and heuristic methods have been defined to deal with this problem. In this work, we focus on memetic approaches to this problem. To this end, we have considered a number of variants of three different local search techniques (hill climbing, tabu search, and simulated annealing), and embedded them in a permutational evolutionary algorithm. It is shown that the memetic algorithm endowed with steepest ascent hill climbing search yields the best results, performing synergistically better than its stand-alone constituents, and providing better results than the rest of the algorithms (including those returned by an effective ad hoc beam search heuristic defined in the literature for this problem).
Bourgeois opera:Death in Veniceand the aesthetics of sublimation
Authors: Chowrimootoo Christopher 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThrough investigating the production and reception ofDeath in Venice(1973), this essay considers the ways Britten and his audiences responded to the fraught discourse surrounding opera in the twentieth century. If the genre as a whole often threatened to fall on the wrong side of contemporaneous aesthetic oppositions – between abstraction and immediacy, the intellectual and the visceral, the high and the low – early critics of this particular work tended to translate its visual spectacles and musical rhetoric into more rarefied terms. Taking my cue from elements of contradiction and ambivalence in this sublimating criticism, I will examine how Britten's opera resists the very suppressions it promotes. I will suggest that, in simultaneously staging and confounding oppositions at the heart of contemporary operatic discourse,Death in Veniceoffers a powerful case study of the way composers, directors, critics and audiences responded to and overcame the terminal illness with which opera had been diagnosed in the middle third of the twentieth century.
Vascular dementia: why pathology is still important
Authors: Neal JW 
Published: October 2011

SummaryCerebral infarction, as the result of atheroma in large blood vessels, was one of the first explanations for dementia in older people. However, this was a relatively uncommon finding in those presenting with dementia and it was soon realized that subcortical infarctions due to non-atheromatous changes in small blood vessel walls were more important factors in cognitive decline. Furthermore, small vessel disease (SVD) producing lacunar infarcts (LI) and white matter changes increased dementia severity in individuals with only moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) found subcortical (lacunar) ‘silent infarcts’ and white matter changes were surrogate markers for SVD and increased significantly the likelihood of developing dementia. Detailed histopathological studies of SVD showed it was in fact a range of pathologies, but the aetiology of the most common type (arteriosclerosis/lipohyalinosis) is difficult to explain. Theories to explain SVD include effects of hypertension, a leaky blood–brain barrier (BBB), amyloid accumulation, microbleeds, venous changes and endothelial inflammation. Endothelial expressed inflammatory molecules could represent potential biomarkers of SVD. Many of the risk factors associated with SVD are also present in AD, such as diabetes, systemic hypertension and ageing; all of these can target the endothelium with the potential to initiate SVD, resulting in ischaemic changes and neurodegeneration, including AD pathology.
Systemic risk in financial services ‐ Abstract of the London Discussion
Authors: Milne Alistair 
Published: October 2011

This abstract relates to the following paper:BesarD., BoothP., ChanK.K., MilneA.K.L. & PicklesJ.Systemic risk in financial services. British Actuarial Journal, doi:10.1017/S1357321711000110
Pressure cooker ownership and food security in Aurangabad, India
Authors: van Elsland Sabine L , van der Hoeven Marinka , Joshi Shubhangini , Doak Colleen M , Ponce Maiza Campos 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo explore associations between household food security and home gardening, use of soya and pressure cooker ownership in low-income households affected by HIV/AIDS in Aurangabad, India.DesignCross-sectional pilot study which assessed household food security using the validated US Department of Agriculture's food security core-module questionnaire. Questions were added to explore household environment, education, occupation, home gardening, use of soya and pressure cooker ownership. Households with very lowv. low food security were compared using logistic regression analysis, controlling for confounding by socio-economic status.SettingAurangabad is an urban setting situated in a primarily agricultural dependent area. The study was carried out in 2008, at the peak of the global food crisis.SubjectsAdult caregivers of children affiliated with the Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Aurangabad.ResultsAll except for one of 133 households were identified as food insecure (99·2 %). Of these households, 35·6 % had to cut size or skip a meal in the past 30 d. Households that cut meal size due to cooking fuel shortages were more likely to have very low food security (OR = 4·67; 95 % CI 1·62, 13·44) compared with households having no cooking fuel shortages. Owning a pressure cooker was shown to be protective against very low food security after controlling for confounding by socio-economic status (OR = 0·27; 95 % CI 0·11, 0·64).ConclusionsOnly pressure cooker ownership showed a protective association with low household food security. Pressure cookers save household fuel costs. Therefore, future interventions should explore pressure cookers as a sustainable means of improving household food security.
Vitamin D, sun, sunbeds and health
Authors: Moan Johan , Baturaite Zivile , Juzeniene Asta , Porojnicu Alina Carmen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo review the health effects of solar radiation, sunbeds and vitamin D.DesignThe literature was searched in the electronic database MEDLINE to indentify published data between 1981 and 2011. Studies were included if they reported relative risk for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) associated with sunbed use, vitamin D and UV effects on human health.SettingData from different time periods for populations at different latitudes.SubjectsPersons of different ages and ethnic groups.ResultsUV from sun and sunbeds is the main vitamin D source. Young people with white or pigmented skin in northern Europe have a low vitamin D status. A number of health benefits from sufficient levels of vitamin D have been identified. However, UV exposure has been suspected of causing skin cancer, notably CMM, and authorities warn against it.ConclusionsThe overall health benefit of an improved vitamin D status may be more important than the possibly increased CMM risk resulting from carefully increasing UV exposure. Important scientific facts behind this judgement are given.
A “League Against Willan”? The Early Years of the Canadian League of Composers, 1951–1960
Authors: WOLTERS-FREDLUND BENITA 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe founders of the Canadian League of Composers were young modernists who resented the conservative musical climate in Canada epitomized by the traditional British style of Canada's most famous composer, Healey Willan. In their first decade (1951–60), during which their membership grew from eight to more than forty and they presented dozens of concerts of new Canadian music, they struggled to find a balance between two competing goals: championing the cause of all Canadian composers, regardless of style, and promoting modern and avant-garde styles, which had been virtually ignored by the older Canadian musical establishment. This article probes how those tensions played out in two of the league's early activities: membership decisions and concert programming. Although the league did admit composers and feature works representing a wide variety of stylistic influences, its membership and concerts were nonetheless dominated by younger composers interested in modern styles, especially the group of composers in John Weinzweig's circle in Toronto. The group earned a reputation as young radicals because of their modernistic programming choices and a controversial policy that limited membership to composers younger than sixty. Although its members may not have been entirely successful in their efforts at inclusivity, the league's ground-breaking activities in the 1950s did help to establish a place for composition generally and musical modernism in particular in the postwar Canadian cultural landscape.
The Origins of “Dissonant Counterpoint”: Henry Cowell's Unpublished Notebook
Authors: SPILKER JOHN D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHoused in the Henry Cowell Papers at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts is Cowell's unpublished notebook that comprises written instructions for using “dissonant counterpoint” along with forty-three exercises. Beyond providing information about the technique during its early development (1914–17), the archival source documents Cowell's active involvement in devising a compositional practice that has heretofore been exclusively attributed to Charles Seeger. The notebook also provides evidence of Cowell's work habits and values that challenge current scholarly depictions of the composer as an undisciplined bohemian. He was a systematic and tenacious innovator who revered tradition as well as experimental techniques. He also placed a strong emphasis on the practical application of new ideas in addition to their theoretical development. These traits account for Cowell's continued advocacy on behalf of dissonant counterpoint that extended well beyond the time he compiled his notebook. From the 1910s to the 1960s he disseminated the technique through his writing, composing, and teaching, and thus provided a life for dissonant counterpoint in American musical culture through the end of the twentieth century. Appendix B contains a full transcription of the notebook.
Impact of diuretic dosing on mortality in acute heart failure using a propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Yilmaz Mehmet Birhan , Gayat Etienne , Salem Reda , Lassus Johan , Nikolaou Maria , Laribi Said , Parissis John , Follath Ferenc , Peacock W. Franck , Mebazaa Alexandre 
Published: October 2011

AimsLoop diuretics are recommended to treat congestion in heart failure (HF), despite limited quality evidence. High‐dose (HD) loop diuretics seem to worsen outcomes in chronic HF, though; data for acute HF are scarce, with equivocal results.Methods and resultsThe ALARM‐HF study recorded in‐hospital HF therapy in 4953 patients from nine countries. A post‐hoc analysis was performed to determine if there was an interaction between intravenous (iv) bolus diuretic dosing and outcomes. Patients were classified as receiving high‐ or low‐dose iv furosemide if their total initial 24 h dose was above (HD) or below [low dose (LD)] 1 mg/kg. Propensity scoring, matching an extensive list of variables, was performed. High‐dose and LD patients were matched by propensity scores and outcomes determined. We identified 2460 LD and 848 HD patients, with overall in‐hospital mortality of 9 and 13% (P= 0.002), respectively. After propensity matching, there were 506 patients in each subgroup, with the matched LD and HD cohorts having similar mortality (13 vs. 15%; P= 0.4). We further investigated in which subgroups of patients HD diuretics influenced mortality. Before matching, HD diuretics were associated with a greater risk of in‐hospital death in some subgroups, including patients aged >80 years, those with an acute coronary syndrome, or with a left ventricular ejection fraction <40%. However, after propensity score matching, no association was found between diuretic dosing and death in any of the studied subgroups.ConclusionsIn the initial management of acute HF, HD iv diuretics, per se, do not influence short‐term mortality.