bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of dietary oxidized fats on the antioxidant status of erythrocytes and their susceptibility to haemolysis in rats and guinea pigs
Authors: Keller U. , Brandsch C. , Eder K. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThree experiments were carried out with rats (experiments 1 and 2) and guinea pigs (experiment 3) to study the effect of oxidized fats, in interaction with dietary concentrations of vitamins E and C, on the antioxidant status of erythrocytes and the rate of haemolysis. In experiment 1, diets with fresh or thermoxidized fats, containing either 25 or 250 mgα‐tocopherol equivalents/kg were used; experiment 2 included diets with fresh or thermoxidized fats, containing 25 mgα‐tocopherol equivalents/kg; in experiment 3, besides a control diet with a fresh fat, diets containing thermoxidized fats with various concentrations of Vitamin E (35 vs. 175 mgα‐tocopherol equivalent/kg) and Vitamin C (300 vs. 1000 mg/kg) were used. Rats and guinea pigs fed diets with oxidized fats had reduced concentrations of glutathione in erythrocytes as compared with animals fed the fresh fat diets. In rats fed oxidized fats, the activity of catalase and in guinea pigs fed oxidized fats, the activity of glutathione peroxidase plus the concentration ofα‐tocopherol was reduced in erythrocytes as compared with animals fed the equivalent fresh fat diets. The concentrations ofα‐tocopherol in erythrocytes were increased by both, Vitamin E and Vitamin C while the concentrations of glutathione were independent of the concentrations of those vitamins in the diets. Erythrocytes of guinea pigs fed oxidized fats also showed an increased susceptibility to haemolysis during incubation in hypotonic salt solutions; this effect could be improved by increasing the concentrations of both, Vitamin E and Vitamin C. Parameters ofin vivohaemolysis (activities of lactate dehydrogenase and acidic phosphatase and concentrations of potassium and free haemoglobin in plasma) were not adversely affected in rats and guinea pigs fed the oxidized fats as compared with animals fed the fresh fats. The study shows that dietary oxidized fats reduce the antioxidant status of erythrocytes and increase their susceptibility against haemolysis but do not increase the rate of haemolysisin vivo.
Effect of different fibre types on the digestibility of nutrients in cats
Authors: Fekete S. G. , Hullár I. , Andrásofszky E. , Kelemen F. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryIn this study the effect of different fibre types was investigated on the acceptance of foods (in a short‐term study) and on the nutrients’ digestibility by using 10 adult, castrated cats. Peanut hull (PH, source of lignin), dried sugar beet pulp (SBP, source of hemicelluloses and pectin) and alfalfa meal (ALF, source of cellulose) were mixed to a poultry meat based cat food in 10% on dry matter (DM) basis. The average DM intake did only slightly differ according to the type of fibre added. Supplementation of basal food by dried SBP did not influence the digestibility of DM and crude protein (CP) significantly. Using ALF as a fibre source decreased the digestibility of DM (85.8% vs. 78.6%) and CP (93.8% vs. 92.0%) significantly. More severe decline could be observed in the digestibility of DM (85.8% vs. 63.4%) and CP (93.8% vs. 83.7%) when using PH as a fibre source. Fibre sources also influenced the stool DM content significantly. While application of PH increased the DM content of the faeces (45.0% vs. 49.6%), the use of dried sugar beet or ALF reduced the faecal DM content (45.0% vs. 24.1% and 39.0%, respectively). According to these results the less digestible fibre source (PH) increased the DM content of the faeces while by improving the digestibility of the fibre sources the DM content of the faeces decreased. It can be concluded, that not only the absolute fibre content of the food but also the type of fibre must be taken into account when evaluating its possible role as a component of weight loss products.
HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF GASTRITIS AND HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN RELATION TO THE PRESENCE OF DUODENAL ULCER
Authors: Rani Abdul Aziz , Abdullah Murdani 
Published: October 2010

BackgroundHelicobacter pylori (Hp) infections have different clinical courses resulting probably from the differences of its virulence.Aimsto describe the features of gastritis and Hp infection and to determine which histological features would increase the risk of duodenal ulcer in patients with Hp infection.MethodsThe histopathologic characteristic of gastric biopsy specimens taken from antrum and stained with Giemsa and Hematoxiline‐Eosin stain were investigated among 142 patients (M=72, F=70) diagnosed as dyspepsia and recognized as Hp positive. Grade and activity of gastritis was examined according to the Sydney System (chronic inflammation, neutrophilic infiltration, intestinal metaplasia and glandular atrophy). The presence of Hp was determined by histology. All the patients were from the private hospital in Jakarta. The presence of duodenal ulcer was recognized in 6 patients.ResultsSix patients with duodenal ulcer and 136 patients with gastritis were examined. The grade of mononuclear infiltration, intestinal metaplasia and the activity of polymorphonuclear were higher in duodenal ulcer group, but statistically have of no significant. On other hand glandular atrophy increased significantly in the group of duodenal ulcer compare to chronic gastritis group (p<0.05). Bacterial density was higher in the antrum compare to the corpus (p<0.05).ConclusionThe result suggest that chronic gastritis induced by Hp infection may associate with the presence of duodenal ulcer through the development of atrophic gastritis.
Predominant T helper 1 cells in patients with idiopathic portal hypertension
Authors: Tokushige Katsutoshi , Yamauchi Katsumi , Komatsu Tatsuji , Takasaki Ken , Hayashi Naoaki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground: The pathologic mechanism of idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) is unknown. Because cytokines and the balance of T helper (h) 1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells have been reported to be important for regulating the immune response, in the present study we investigated the role of cytokines and the distribution of cytokine‐producing cells in IPH patients.Methods: Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, soluble TNF receptor‐I, ‐II, interferon (IFN)‐γ and interleukin (IL)‐4 were measured in IPH patients, fatty liver patients, chronic hepatitis patients and control subjects. The percentages of Th0, Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells were examined in peripheral and spleen lymphocytes in IPH patients by intracellular staining.Results: Serum levels of TNF‐α, soluble TNF receptor‐I, interferon‐γ and IL‐4 of IPH patients were not increased in comparison with control subjects. Only the mean value of soluble TNF receptor‐II was significantly higher than that of control subjects and fatty liver patients. The ratios of Th1 and Th2 in both peripheral and spleen lymphocytes of IPH patients were significantly increased compared with the ratios found in peripheral lymphocytes of control subjects. The increase in the ratios was due to a decrease in the percentage of Th2 CD4+ T cells.Conclusions: These results suggest that the imbalance of Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells and TNF may be associated with the pathogenesis of IPH.
Influence of intestinal flora on the development of fibrosis and cirrhosis in a rat model1
Authors: Plummer John L , Ossowicz Chris J , Whibley Catherine , Ilsley Anthony H , Hall Pauline De La M 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims: The gut flora play a significant role in the disposition of many foreign substances, as well as producing nutrients and toxins that may be absorbed and reach the liver. This study examines the influence of antibiotic‐induced alterations in gut flora on the development of hepatic fibrosis in a rat model.Methods: Thirty‐six male Porton rats were fed alcohol (3.9 g/kg per day) in the drinking water and exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) vapor (80 p.p.m.) for 6 h each night, five nights per week. Half were also given neomycin (330 mg/kg per day) and polymyxin B (105 mg/kg per day) in the drinking water. Fecal cultures were carried out at 0, 3, 8 and 13 weeks; rats were killed at 14 weeks. Coded liver section were assessed for fibrosis using a graded scale (0, no abnormal fibrosis to 4, early or established cirrhosis).Results: Rats that received antibiotics had significantly higher fibrosis scores than those that did not (mean score 2.4 vs 1.4, P < 0.01, ordinal logistic regression). Three rats, all of which were in the antibiotic group, were cirrhotic. Rats that had received antibiotics fell into three groups. Four had overgrowth of Proteus mirabilis; in these the fibrosis scores (mean 1.5) were similar to those in the rats that did not receive antibiotic. In six, no organisms could be cultured; fibrosis scores of these (mean 2.3) were slightly elevated (P = 0.03), but this was mainly because of a single rat in this subgroup being cirrhotic. The remaining eight had overgrowth of Morganella morganii; these had significantly (P < 0.001) elevated fibrosis scores. Furthermore, in this subgroup, fibrosis scores were significantly correlated (Spearman's r = 0.82, P = 0.01) with the number of weeks of Morganella colonization.Conclusions: Antibiotic treatment exacerbated fibrosis in the alcohol/CCl4 rat model; this effect appeared to be related to the type of gut flora and may be endotoxin‐mediated.
Determinants of basal plasma gastrin levels in the general population
Authors: Peach Hedley G , Barnett Nicole E 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground: There is considerable variation in basal plasma gastrin levels in healthy subjects. Although high plasma gastrin levels may be causally associated with duodenal ulcer and colorectal cancer, there has been little research to identify the factors that determine basal gastrin levels in the general population.Methods: Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies and fasting basal gastrin concentrations were measured in 134 males and 137 females who had participated in a cardiovascular disease risk factor prevalence survey and for whom frozen plasma was available. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of basal plasma gastrin concentration.Results: The determinants of basal plasma gastrin concentration were H. pylori infection (B = 0.12 ± 0.03; P = 0.0001), age in deciles (B = 0.02 ± 0.01; P = 0.03), hazardous drinking (B = 0.10 ± 0.05; P = 0.07) and gender (B = 0.05 ± 0.03; P = 0.06), but not education, neighborhood socioeconomic index, smoking, body mass index, vigorous exercise or medication known to affect basal plasma gastrin concentration. Ten percent (± 3) of seropositive subjects had a high basal plasma gastrin concentration > 90 pg/mL compared with only 2% (± 1) of seronegative subjects.Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the few modifiable determinants of basal plasma gastrin levels in the general population.
Clinical significance of cathepsin E in pancreatic juice in the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Uno Koji , Azuma Takeshi , Nakajima Masatsugu , Yasuda Kenjiro , Hayakumo Takanobu , Mukai Hidekazu , Sakai Toshiyuki , Kawai Keiichi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground: It has been reported that cathepsin E (CTSE) is a non‐secretory and intracellular aspartic proteinase found in the superficial epithelial cells of the stomach and that it is also expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We evaluated the diagnostic value of CTSE in the pancreatic juice in the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma compared with that of CA19–9, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and K‐ras mutations.Methods: One hundred and one patients (25 with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 76 with chronic pancreatitis) were examined for the diagnostic significance of CTSE in the pancreatic juice in the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Forty of 101 patients (15 with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 25 with chronic pancreatitis) were examined to compare the diagnostic value of various tumor markers in the pancreatic juice, namely CA19–9, CEA, K‐ras mutations and CTSE.Results: The detection frequency of CTSE was significantly higher in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (64.0%) than in patients with chronic pancreatitis (7.9%; χ2 = 34.76; P < 0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of CTSE in the pancreatic juice for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was 66.7, 92.0 and 82.5%, respectively. These values were more efficient in comparison with those of CA19–9, CEA and K‐ras mutations. The main cause of the detection failure of CTSE in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was obstruction of the main pancreatic duct. Sensitivity was 85.7% in patients without obstruction of the main pancreatic duct.Conclusions: Cathepsin E in the pancreatic juice is a novel marker for a definitive diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: Direct evidence of circulatory disturbances
Authors: Kumagai Hideki , Masuda Tomoyuki , Oikawa Hiroki , Endo Kaoru , Endo Mikiya , Takano Toshikuni 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFocal nodular hyperplasia of the liver is a lesion characterized by a well‐circumscribed region of hyperplastic liver parenchyma and contains a stellate fibrous scar. The lesion is thought to be because of liver‐cell hyperplasia that is caused by focal circulatory disturbances. We describe here a pediatric case of this lesion that provided direct histopathologic evidence of circulatory disturbances. We identified arterial and portal thrombi, as well as recanalization of arteries in the nodule. Hepatic necrosis was also seen in the lesion. We speculate that thrombosis of the hepatic artery and/or portal vein was the cause of hepatic necrosis and that reperfusion following hepatic arterial recanalization resulted in nodule formation. Although there was no stellate scar present in our case, the presence of bile ductular proliferation at the periphery of the nodule was helpful in distinguishing this lesion from adenoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. The early stage of nodular formation may explain the lack of a stellate scar in our case. The patient was treated earlier with actinomycin D and vincristine following surgical excision of Wilms' tumor. It is possible that such chemotherapy contributed to thrombosis in our case.
Noninvasive genetic analysis in birds: testing reliability of feather samples
Authors: Segelbacher G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNoninvasive samples are useful for molecular genetic analysis of free‐ranging animals. I tested whether moulted feathers collected in the field are a reliable source of DNA for genotyping microsatellite loci. I prescreened extracts for DNA quantity and, using only samples with higher amounts of DNA, obtained reliable genotyping results. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification success was higher from extracts of plucked feathers than moulted feathers. DNA quantity in larger feathers was higher than that in smaller feathers. This study clearly demonstrates that moulted feathers could be used for genetic studies in birds.
Dinucleotide microsatellite markers from the Antarctic seals and their use in other Pinnipeds
Authors: Davis C. S. , Gelatt T. S. , Siniff D. , Strobeck C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTwenty‐four microsatellite loci were isolated from three species of Antarctic seals (Subfamily Monachinae, Tribe Lobodontini). Eleven loci were cloned from Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddellii, seven from leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx, and six from crabeater seal, Lobodon carcinophagus. Variability was assessed in Weddell seals collected in McMurdo Sound, leopard seals from Bird Island, South Georgia, and crabeater seals sampled in the eastern Ross Sea. All loci were variable in the three species used for cloning and 22 of these loci amplified variable products in the Ross seal, Ommatophoca rossii. Cross‐species amplification was largely successful, with an average of 19 loci amplifying products in other phocids.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei
Authors: Cruz P. , Mejia‐Ruiz C. H. , Perez‐Enriquez R. , Ibarra A. M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFive polymorphic microsatellite loci were characterized for Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei. Loci were isolated using a partial Sau3A1 genomic library by the sequencing of randomly selected clones and by a biotinylated (CT)10 and (GT)10 probes screening procedure. The last strategy resulted in the most useful data. About 40% of the clones showed a previously reported satellite/microsatellite (PVS1), reducing the chance of finding new microsatellite regions. Whereas two of the microsatellite loci with more than 10 alleles will be useful for mating analysis in a breeding program, the others might prove useful for population genetic studies.
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) application for free‐living nematodes (Rhabditida) discrimination
Authors: Nikolaidis N. , Scouras Z. G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSynthetic primers were designed and constructed based on Caenorhabditis elegans genomic sequences, targeting HSP70 related sequences. Genomic DNA derived from several free‐living bacterial feeding nematode species was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), attempting discrimination among them. The amplified DNA fragments exhibited a distinct and reproducible pattern that characterizes different nematode species and populations.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers of a Pisolithus sp. from a Eucalyptus plantation
Authors: Kanchanaprayudh J. , Lian C. , Zhou Z. , Hogetsu T. , Sihanonth P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe developed six polymorphic microsatellite markers for an ectomycorrhizal Pisolithus sp., which are associated with Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Thailand using a method starting with amplified fragments of intersimple sequence repeats (ISSR). The number of alleles per locus varied between two and five and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.123 to 0.625. These loci are available for analysis of genetic structure and gene flow in Eucalyptus‐associated Pisolithus spp. populations.
Microsatellite DNA markers for a grasshopper: Prionotropis hystrix rhodanica (Orthoptera, Pamphagidae)
Authors: Streiff R. , Mondor‐Genson G. , Audiot P. , Rasplus J. Y. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMicrosatellite loci were isolated from Prionotropis hystrix rhodanica, an endangered grasshopper species, endemic to a steppic area southeast of France. Six polymorphic loci were obtained from an enriched partial genomic libray. A high genetic diversity was observed at all loci, with an observed number of alleles ranging from seven to 29, and an observed heterozygosity between 0.71 and 0.90. Test of cross‐amplifications on two closely related taxa are presented.
Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers in the ruff (Philomachus pugnax)
Authors: Thuman Katherine A. , Widemo Fredrik , Piertney Stuart B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNine polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized from the lek‐breeding ruff (Philomachus pugnax) using an enrichment cloning procedure. The number of alleles resolved per locus ranged from five to 56, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.311 to 0.857 in a sample of 319 ruffs from Gotland, Sweden. Two loci were located on the Z chromosome, rendering all females hemizygotes. These markers are effective in the assignment of parentage and determining male mating success.
Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the tree pathogen and sapstain agent, Ophiostoma ips
Authors: Zhou X. D. , Burgess T. , De Beer Z. W. , Wingfield B. D. , Wingfield M. J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTwelve pairs of simple sequence repeat markers (SSR) were developed using a single ascospore isolate of Ophiostoma ips, isolated from the bark beetle, Orthotomicus erosus, infesting Pinus elliottii in South Africa. All markers were found to be polymorphic when tested on seven isolates of O. ips collected from Austria, Chile, Israel, Mexico, South Africa, Sweden, and the USA. These will now be useful in population and phylogenetic studies on O. ips.
gimlet: a computer program for analysing genetic individual identification data
Authors: Valière Nathaniel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGrowing interest in microsatellite genotyping, combined with noninvasive genetic sampling has led to the increased production of data. New tools to analyse these data are required. gimlet is a user‐friendly software package designed to perform several simple tasks: (i) construction of consensus genotypes from repeated genotyping; (ii) estimation of genotyping error rates; (iii) identification of identical genotypes; (iv) comparison of new genotypes to a set of reference genotypes; (v) determination of the kinship; and (vi) estimation of several population parameters such as allele frequencies, heterozygosity, probability of identity, and population size.
Dialysis Rounds: Mycotic Aneurysms and Death in a Hemodialysis Patient
Authors: Rodby Roger A. , Chang Celeste Sharon , Thajeb Peterus , Chen Han‐Hsiang , Wu Chin‐Jen 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTA patient with newly diagnosed end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) received a femoral catheter for hemodialysis (HD). Shortly thereafter he developed fever, and blood cultures grew methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The catheter was removed and the patient was treated with both vancomycin and rifampin; however, blood culture positivity persisted. The cerebrospinal fluid showed sterile meningitis. Subsequent imaging studies demonstrated aortic valve endocarditis and multiple mycotic aneurysms that appeared to include the intra‐ and extracranial vessels. The patient eventually died from sepsis. This case illustrates the aggressive and invasive nature of systemic infection with S. aureus and underscores the high morbidity and mortality associated with infections related to HD catheters.
The inter‐relationship of diabetes and left ventricular systolic function on outcome after high‐risk myocardial infarction
Authors: Shah Amil M. , Uno Hajime , Køber Lars , Velazquez Eric J. , Maggioni Aldo P. , MacDonald Michael R. , Petrie Mark C. , McMurray John J.V. , Califf Robert M. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Solomon Scott D. 
Published: October 2010

AimsDiabetes is a potent risk factor for death and heart failure (HF) hospitalization following myocardial infarction (MI). Whether diabetes modifies the relationship between left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and outcomes in the post‐MI population is unknown.Methods and resultsThe Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction trial (VALIANT) enrolled 14 703 patients with acute MI complicated by HF, systolic dysfunction, or both. We compared the risk of death, HF hospitalization, and/or recurrent MI among patients with and without diabetes using Cox proportional hazards models. To assess the relationship between diabetes, LVEF and outcomes, we assessed the relative influence of baseline LVEF on outcomes in diabetic and non‐diabetic patients. Totally, 11 325 subjects (3095 diabetics) with site‐reported LVEF and known diabetes status were included. At any given LVEF, diabetes was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.37, 95% CI 1.25–1.51], death or HF hospitalization (adjusted HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.31–1.51), and death or recurrent MI (adjusted HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.24–1.48). Diabetes modified the relationship between LVEF and death or HF hospitalization (P for interaction = 0.0109), such that the association between diabetes and increased risk was greater in magnitude at higher LVEF. No interaction was noted between diabetes and LVEF on risk of all‐cause mortality or death or recurrent MI.ConclusionDiabetes is associated with a higher risk of death or HF hospitalization across the spectrum of LVEF in high‐risk post‐MI patients. The magnitude of reduction in risk of death or HF hospitalization associated with increasing LVEF is significantly attenuated among patients with diabetes when compared to patients without diabetes.