bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety in sitagliptin therapy for diabetes complicated by chronic liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus
Authors: Arase Yasuji , Suzuki Fumitaka , Kobayashi Mariko , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Kawamura Yusuke , Matsumoto Naoki , Akuta Norio , Imai Norihisa , Kobayashi Masahiro , Sezaki Hitomi , Saito Satoshi , Hosaka Tetsuya , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu , Ohmoto Yuki , Amakawa Kazuhisa , Tsuji Hiroshi , Hsieh Shium Dong , Kobayashi Tetsurou 
Published: March 2011

Aim:  Diabetes is present in patients with chronic liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this case–control study is to assess the efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (sitagliptin) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with chronic liver disease caused by HCV.Methods:  Sixteen HCV positive patients with T2DM treated by sitagliptin were retrospectively enrolled. These patients were given sitagliptin between December 2009 and January 2010. Another 16 HCV patients with T2DM treated only with diet and excise for 48 weeks were selected as the control group. Serum levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured before and 12, 24, 36 and 48 weeks after the initiation of treatment.Results:  In the sitagliptin group, the average HbA1C level decreased approximately 0.8% at 48 weeks after the initiation of sitagliptin. Next, the average FPG level decreased approximately 20 mg/dL during follow up after the initiation of sitagliptin. All the patients were able to take sitagliptin of 50 mg/day without reduction because of sitagliptin‐related side‐effects. On the other hand, in the control group, the average HbA1C and FPG level did not change with statistical significance during follow up of 48 weeks. Regarding aminotransferase, there were no significant changes of average AST and ALT level during follow up of 48 weeks in both the sitagliptin group and control group.Conclusion:  Our results indicate that sitagliptin is effective and safe for the treatment of T2DM complicated with HCV positive chronic liver disease.
Repeatability, Reproducibility, and Effect of Head Position on Central Venous Pressure Measurement in Standing Adult Horses
Authors: Norton J.L. , Nolen‐Walston R.D. , Underwood C. , Boston R. , Slack J. , Dallap B.L. 
Published: March 2011

Background:Central venous pressure (CVP) is a used as an estimation of intravascular volume status in various species. Techniques for measuring CVP in horses have been described, but the repeatability of these readings at a single time point or over time has not been established.Hypothesis:That CVP measurements in healthy adult horses would be repeatable at each time point, that these readings would be reproducible over time, and that alteration in head position relative to the heart would alter CVP.Animals:Ten healthy adult research horses.Methods:In an experimental study, horses were instrumented with a central venous catheter. Readings were taken in triplicate q6h for 2 days by water manometry, and twice daily with the head in neutral, elevated, and lowered positions by electronic manometry.Results:Variation in the “neutral” measurements obtained at each time point was <0.1 ± 1.0 cmH2O (P= .718). There was a significant decrease in CVP over time (P= .015), which was eliminated when results were controlled for acute decrease in body weight of −1.35% (presumed hypohydration because of lack of acclimatization and decreased water intake). Head height had a significant and directional effect on CVP in that the elevated head position decreased CVP −2.0 ± 6.5 cmH2O (P< .001) while the lowered head position increased CVP by 3.7 ± 5.5 cmH2O (P< .001).Conclusions and Clinical Importance:CVP values obtained by water manometry were repeatable in adult horses, but were reproducible only when controlled for changes in hydration. Care should be taken to maintain consistency in head position to prevent erroneous readings.
Comprehensive Serological Analysis of Two Successive Heterologous Vaccines against H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus in Exotic Birds in Zoos
Authors: Vergara-Alert Júlia , Fernández-Bellon Hugo , Busquets Núria , Alcántara Gabriel , Delclaux María , Pizarro Bienvenido , Sánchez Celia , Sánchez Azucena , Majó Natàlia , Darji Ayub 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIn 2005, European Commission directive 2005/744/EC allowed controlled vaccination against avian influenza (AI) virus of valuable avian species housed in zoos. In 2006, 15 Spanish zoos and wildlife centers began a vaccination program with a commercial inactivated H5N9 vaccine. Between November 2007 and May 2008, birds from 10 of these centers were vaccinated again with a commercial inactivated H5N3 vaccine. During these campaigns, pre- and postvaccination samples from different bird orders were taken to study the response against AI virus H5 vaccines. Sera prior to vaccinations with both vaccines were examined for the presence of total antibodies against influenza A nucleoprotein (NP) by a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Humoral responses to vaccination were evaluated using a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. In some taxonomic orders, both vaccines elicited comparatively high titers of HI antibodies against H5. Interestingly, some orders, such as Psittaciformes, which did not develop HI antibodies to either vaccine formulation when used alone, triggered notable HI antibody production, albeit in low HI titers, when primed with H5N9 and during subsequent boosting with the H5N3 vaccine. Vaccination with successive heterologous vaccines may represent the best alternative to widely protect valuable and/or endangered bird species against highly pathogenic AI virus infection.
Antibody Recognition of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Capsid Protein Epitopes after Vaccination, Infection, and Disease
Authors: Trible Benjamin R. , Kerrigan Maureen , Crossland Nicholas , Potter Megan , Faaberg Kay , Hesse Richard , Rowland Raymond R. R. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT
Open reading frame 2 (ORF2) of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) codes for the 233-amino-acid capsid protein (CP). Baculovirus-based vaccines that express only ORF2 are protective against clinical disease following experimental challenge or natural infection. The goal of this study was to identify regions in CP preferentially recognized by sera from experimentally infected and vaccinated pigs and to compare these responses to those of pigs diagnosed with porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), including porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). The approach was to react porcine sera with CP polypeptide fragments followed by finer mapping studies using overlapping oligopeptides that covered amino acids 141 to 200. The results showed that vaccinated pigs preferentially recognized only the largest polypeptide fragment, CP(43-233). A subset of experimentally infected pigs and pigs with PDNS showed strong reactivity against a CP oligopeptide, 169-STIDYFQPNNKR-180. Alanine scanning identified Y-173, F-174, Q-175, and K-179 as important for antibody recognition. The results from this study support the notion of PCV2 modulation of immunity, including antibody responses that may represent a precursor for disease. The recognition of CP(169-180) and other polypeptides provides opportunities to devise diagnostic tests for monitoring the immunological effectiveness of vaccination.
Comparison of Clinical and Analytical Performance of the Abbott RealTime High Risk HPV Test to the Performance of Hybrid Capture 2 in Population-Based Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Poljak Mario , Oštrbenk Anja , Seme Katja , Učakar Veronika , Hillemanns Peter , Bokal Eda Vrtačnik , Jančar Nina , Klavs Irena 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

The clinical performance of the Abbott RealTime High Risk HPV (human papillomavirus) test (RealTime) and that of the Hybrid Capture 2 HPV DNA test (hc2) were prospectively compared in the population-based cervical cancer screening setting. In women >30 years old (
n
= 3,129), the clinical sensitivity of RealTime for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 (CIN2) or worse (38 cases) and its clinical specificity for lesions of less than CIN2 (3,091 controls) were 100% and 93.3%, respectively, and those of hc2 were 97.4% and 91.8%, respectively. A noninferiority score test showed that the clinical specificity (
P
< 0.0001) and clinical sensitivity (
P
= 0.011) of RealTime were noninferior to those of hc2 at the recommended thresholds of 98% and 90%. In the total study population (women 20 to 64 years old;
n
= 4,432; 57 cases, 4,375 controls), the clinical sensitivity and specificity of RealTime were 98.2% and 89.5%, and those of hc2 were 94.7% and 87.7%, respectively. The analytical sensitivity and analytical specificity of RealTime in detecting targeted HPV types evaluated with the largest sample collection to date (4,479 samples) were 94.8% and 99.8%, and those of hc2 were 93.4% and 97.8%, respectively. Excellent analytical agreement between the two assays was obtained (kappa value, 0.84), while the analytical accuracy of RealTime was significantly higher than that of hc2. RealTime demonstrated high intralaboratory reproducibility and interlaboratory agreement with 500 samples retested 61 to 226 days after initial testing in two different laboratories. RealTime can be considered to be a reliable and robust HPV assay clinically comparable to hc2 for the detection of CIN2+ lesions in a population-based cervical cancer screening setting.
Disseminated Paracoccidioidomycosis (Simulating Metastatic Lung Cancer) and Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfestation in a Steroid-Treated Patient
Authors: Dall Bello Aline Gehlen , Severo Cecília Bittencourt , Oliveira Flávio de Mattos , Severo Luiz Carlos 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

We report a case of disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis, initially suggestive of metastatic lung cancer. The infection was associated with strongyloides hyperinfestation as a result of iatrogenic hypercorticoidism. Examination of a smear prepared from aspirated tracheobronchial secretion and stained by Grocott-methenamine-silver revealed structures consistent with
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
and
Strongyloides stercoralis
. At autopsy, the central nervous system and pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis, as well as pulmonary strongyloidiasis, were confirmed, without evidence of malignant cells.
Comparative Evaluation of a Chromogenic Agar Medium, the Modified Hodge Test, and a Battery of Meropenem-Inhibitor Discs for Detection of Carbapenemase Activity in Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Seah Christine , Low Donald E. , Patel Samir N. , Melano Roberto G. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

Three phenotypic methods (modified Hodge test, chromogenic agar, and meropenem discs combined with specific inhibitors) used for the detection of carbapenemase activity were tested on a panel of characterized
Enterobacteriaceae
expressing various β-lactamase mechanisms. Overall, the meropenem-plus-inhibitor approach was more sensitive and specific than the other methods, despite its limitation of being unable to detect class D carbapenemases.
Fading of Auramine-Stained Mycobacterial Smears and Implications for External Quality Assurance
Authors: Minion Jessica , Shenai Shubhada , Vadwai Viral , Tipnis Tejashree , Greenaway Christina , Menzies Dick , Ramsay Andrew , Rodrigues Camilla , Pai Madhukar 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT
Light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy is being scaled up for tuberculosis control, but fading of auramine-stained slides could compromise external quality assurance. We stored auramine-stained slides and reexamined them over time. Slides stored in all environments faded quickly, with significant changes in the proportion of positive slides in as little as 1 week.
Bacterial Identification by 16S rRNA Gene PCR-Hybridization as a Supplement to Negative Culture Results
Authors: Matsuda Kazuko , Iwaki Kosuke K. , Garcia-Gomez Jean , Hoffman Jill , Inderlied Clark B. , Mason Wilbert H. , Iwaki Yuichi 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT
PCR-hybridization was compared to culture methods for evaluating suspected blood infections. A total of 231 clinical samples from blood culture bottles that were flagged positive by the BacT/Alert system or were negative 1 week after inoculation were tested. When the PCR-hybridization and culture method results were compared, the positive and negative concordance rates were 99.2% (122/123) and 89.5% (94/105), respectively. Of the negative blood cultures, 10.5% (11/105) were positive by PCR-hybridization. Supplemental testing of negative blood cultures may identify bacterial pathogens that are undetectable by culture methods.
Bullous Impetigo in Children Infected with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Alone or in Combination with Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus: Analysis of Genetic Characteristics, Including Assessment of Exfoliative Toxin Gene Carriage
Authors: Shi Da , Higuchi Wataru , Takano Tomomi , Saito Kohei , Ozaki Kyoko , Takano Misao , Nitahara Yoshiyuki , Yamamoto Tatsuo 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

Among bullous impetigo isolates, exfoliative toxin (ET) gene carriage was found in 61.5% of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) isolates versus 90.6% of methicillin-susceptible
S. aureus
(MSSA) isolates. MRSA-only cases were ETB or ETA positive, while MRSA/MSSA coinfection cases were ET negative for MRSA but ETA positive for MSSA. Collagen adhesin may facilitate some MRSA infections.
Replacing Traditional Diagnostics of Fecal Viral Pathogens by a Comprehensive Panel of Real-Time PCRs
Authors: Wolffs Petra F. G. , Bruggeman Cathrien A. , van Well Gijs T. J. , van Loo Inge H. M. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT
Molecular DNA-based diagnostics are increasingly being used for diagnosis of viral infections. For enteric viruses, PCR assays have also been developed. The aims of this study were to compile and evaluate a comprehensive panel of PCR assays for diagnosis of viruses causing diarrheal disease and to evaluate its use in a largely pediatric population in a 750-bed university medical center. The PCR panel was designed to include assays for detection of adenovirus, astrovirus, enterovirus, norovirus, parechovirus, rotavirus, and sapovirus. The results of the PCR panel were evaluated in relation to conventional viral diagnostics consisting of viral culture and/or rotavirus and adenovirus rapid antigen tests on samples that were taken for routine diagnostics. Comparing conventional with PCR-based testing, the number of viruses detected increased dramatically from 25 to 106 when PCR assays were used. This increase was due mainly to detection of previously undetected viruses, i.e., astrovirus, norovirus, and sapovirus. In 24% of the samples, norovirus was detected. Also, the lower detection limit of PCR-based adenovirus, enterovirus, parechovirus, and rotavirus diagnostics further increased the detection rate. By focusing on samples from patients with complaints of gastroenteritis, detection of a causative agent was increased from 49% by conventional tests to 97% by molecular diagnostics. However, many samples containing low viral loads were found in patients with complaints other than intestinal complaints. In conclusion, the proposed comprehensive PCR panel with appropriate cutoff values can be used for sensitive, rapid, and clinically relevant diagnosis of gastrointestinal viruses.
Case of Mycobacterium marinum Infection with Unusual Patterns of Susceptibility to Commonly Used Antibiotics
Authors: Parrish Nicole , Luethke Ronald , Dionne Kim , Carroll Karen , Riedel Stefan 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium marinum
, found commonly in salt water and freshwater, is the causative agent of disease in many species of fish and occasionally in humans. MICs to most antimicrobial agents are relatively low. Susceptibility testing is not routinely performed, and single-drug therapy is used for the treatment of most infections. Here, we report an infection caused by a drug-resistant
M. marinum
strain in an otherwise healthy patient.
JC Virus Variant Associated with Cerebellar Atrophy in a Patient with AIDS
Authors: Roux Damien , Bouldouyre Marie-Anne , Mercier-Delarue Séverine , Seilhean Danielle , Zagdanski Anne-Marie , Delaugerre Constance , Simon François , Molina Jean-Michel , Legoff Jerôme 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT
The human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV) is the agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). It has also recently been involved in cerebellar atrophy. Factors involved in this entity are elusive. We present a case of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient with PML and cerebellar atrophy. In addition to a compartmentalization of JCV strains between urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and cerebellum, specific rearrangements in the JCV regulatory region were observed in the cerebellum, resulting in alterations of transcription factor binding sites. Our data underline the importance of searching for JCV in HIV-infected patients with cerebellar disorders and suggest that mutations in the regulatory region may be involved in cerebellar degeneration.
Investigating Transmission of Mycobacterium bovis in the United Kingdom in 2005 to 2008
Authors: Mandal Sema , Bradshaw Louise , Anderson Laura F. , Brown Tim , Evans Jason T. , Drobniewski Francis , Smith Grace , Magee John G. , Barrett Anne , Blatchford Oliver , Laurenson Ian F. , Seagar Amie-Louise , Ruddy Michael , White P. Lewis , Myers Richard , Hawkey Peter , Abubakar Ibrahim 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

Due to an increase in bovine tuberculosis in cattle in the United Kingdom, we investigated the characteristics of
Mycobacterium bovis
infection in humans and assessed whether extensive transmission of
M. bovis
between humans has occurred. A cross-sectional study linking demographic, clinical, and DNA fingerprinting (using 15-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit–variable-number tandem-repeat [MIRU-VNTR] typing) data on cases reported between 2005 and 2008 was undertaken. A total of 129 cases of
M. bovis
infection in humans were reported over the period, with a decrease in annual incidence from 0.065 to 0.047 cases per 100,000 persons. Most patients were born pre-1960, before widespread pasteurization was introduced (73%), were of white ethnicity (83%), and were born in the United Kingdom (76%). A total of 102 patients (79%) had MIRU-VNTR typing data. A total of 31 of 69 complete MIRU-VNTR profiles formed eight distinct clusters. The overall clustering proportion determined using the
n
− 1 method was 33%. The largest cluster, comprising 12 cases, was indistinguishable from a previously reported West Midlands outbreak strain cluster and included those cases. This cluster was heterogeneous, having characteristics supporting recent zoonotic and human-to-human transmission as well as reactivation of latent disease. Seven other, smaller clusters identified had demographics supporting recrudescence rather than recent infection. A total of 33 patients had incomplete MIRU-VNTR profiles, of which 11 may have yielded 2 to 6 further small clusters if typed to completion. The incidence of
M. bovis
in humans in the United Kingdom remains low, and the epidemiology is predominantly that of reactivated disease.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 Clone as a Cause of Lemierre's Syndrome
Authors: Chanin Jake M. , Marcos Luis A. , Thompson Bithika M. , Yusen Roger D. , Dunne W. Michael , Warren David K. , Santos Carlos A. Q. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

We describe a case of a young woman who had methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
USA300 clone (MRSA-USA300)-associated Lemierre's syndrome and secondary necrotizing pneumonia and cerebral infarcts. We also review 11 cases of
S. aureus
-associated Lemierre's syndrome reported in the literature from 1965 to 2010. Recognition of
S. aureus
as an emergent cause of Lemierre's syndrome informs the initial empirical antibiotic choice for this life-threatening condition and may positively impact patient outcomes.
Multicenter Comparison of the Vitek 2 Antifungal Susceptibility Test with the CLSI Broth Microdilution Reference Method for Testing Caspofungin, Micafungin, and Posaconazole against Candida spp
Authors: Peterson Jess F. , Pfaller Michael A. , Diekema Daniel J. , Rinaldi Michael G. , Riebe Katherine M. , Ledeboer Nathan A. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

The performance of the automated Vitek 2 (bioMérieux, Inc., Marcy l'Etoile, France) antifungal susceptibility system was compared to that of broth microdilution (BMD) for the determination of MICs of various antifungal drugs. A total of 112 challenge strains and 755 clinical isolates of
Candida
spp. were tested against caspofungin and micafungin. An additional 452 clinical isolates of
Candida albicans
were tested against posaconazole. Reference BMD MIC endpoints were established after 24 h of incubation for caspofungin and micafungin and after 48 h of incubation for posaconazole. Essential agreements (EAs) between the Vitek 2 and BMD methods for caspofungin and micafungin were 99.5% and 98.6%, respectively. EA between the Vitek 2 and BMD methods was 95.6% for posaconazole. The overall categorical agreements (CAs) between the Vitek 2 system and BMD were 99.8% for caspofungin, 98.2% for micafungin, and 98.1% for posaconazole. The Vitek 2 system reliably determined caspofungin and micafungin MICs among
Candida
spp. and posaconazole MICs among
C. albicans
isolates and demonstrated excellent quantitative and qualitative agreement with the reference BMD method.
Fatal Mycotic Aneurysms Due to Scedosporium and Pseudallescheria Infection
Authors: Ong Adrian , Blyth Christopher C. , Bency Rosamma , Vicaretti Mauro , Harun Azian , Meyer Wieland , Shingde Meena , Gilroy Nicky , Chapman Jeremy , Chen Sharon C.-A. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT

Angioinvasive complications of
Scedosporium
infections are rare. We report two cases of mycotic aneurysm, following apparent localized infection, due to
Scedosporium apiospermum
and
Pseudallescheria boydii
. The thoracoabdominal aorta was affected in one patient, and cerebral vessels were affected in the other. Despite voriconazole therapy and surgical resection, the patients died. Previously reported cases are reviewed.
The Alphaherpesvirus Serine/Threonine Kinase Us3 Disrupts Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein Nuclear Bodies
Authors: Jung Masany , Finnen Renée L. , Neron Casey E. , Banfield Bruce W. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACT
Us3, a serine/threonine kinase encoded by all alphaherpesviruses, plays diverse roles during virus infection, including preventing virus-induced apoptosis, facilitating nuclear egress of capsids, stimulating mRNA translation and promoting cell-to-cell spread of virus infection. Given this diversity, the full spectrum of Us3 function may not yet be recognized. We noted, in transiently transfected cells, that herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) Us3 disrupted promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). However, PML-NB disruption was not observed in cells expressing catalytically inactive HSV-2 Us3. Analysis of PML-NBs in Vero cells transfected with pseudorabies virus (PRV) Us3 and those in Vero cells infected with Us3-null or -repaired PRV strains indicated that PRV Us3 expression also leads to the disruption of PML-NBs. While loss of PML-NBs in response to Us3 expression was prevented by the proteasome inhibitor MG132, Us3-mediated degradation of PML was not observed in infected cells or in transfected cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged PML isoform IV. These findings demonstrate that Us3 orthologues derived from distantly related alphaherpesviruses cause a disruption of PML-NBs in a kinase- and proteasome-dependent manner but, unlike the alphaherpesvirus ICP0 orthologues, do not target PML for degradation.