bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PW01-236 - Impulsivity And Startle Habituation As Vulnerability Markers For Alcoholism
Authors: Marin M. , Martinez I. , Ponce G. , Koeneke A. , Lopez J. , Rubio G. , Jimenez-Arriero M.A. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundImpulsivity has been considered as a risk factor for alcohol dependence. Recent research is focusing on paradigms of the startle response (SR), specifically prepulse inhibition (PPI) and startle habituation (SH), as vulnerability markers for alcoholism. It has been demonstrated impairments in the PPI and the SH in offspring of alcoholics. It has also been shown, using personality questionnaires, that faster habituation may be associated with tendency toward impulsivity and behavioral disinhibition. Our goal is to study the correlation between impulsivity laboratory measures and the SR paradigms, in order to see if they could share a common base as endophenotypes for alcoholism.MethodThe subjects were 40 abstinent alcoholic males, aged 18 to 65 years (mean age 44.73) and who had met DSM-IV criteria for Alcohol Dependence, being abstinent for more than a month at the moment they were tested. Participants underwent testing for PPI and habituation of the acoustic startle response. Impulsivity was assessed with three different laboratory measures: Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Stop-Signal Task and Differential Reinforcement for Low-Rate Responding (DRL6). Analyses were performed using SPSS v.10.0.ResultsWe found a significant positive correlation between CPT-tasks and SH (p< 0,01), and Stop-Signal Task-tasks and SH (p< 0,05), but not with DRL6-tasks. No significant correlation was demonstrated between impulsivity measures and PPI.ConclusionsOur findings suggest the existence of a common base between impulsivity and SH as vulnerability markers for alcohol dependence. Further studies are needed to assess if both could share a common genetic origin.
PW01-238 - Electrophysiological Correlates Of Behavioural Inhibition And Decision Making Processes In Patients With Impulse Control Deficits
Authors: Merz H. , Karch S. , Koller G. , Hock B. , Opgen-Rhein M. , Riedel M. , Pogarell O. 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionPatients with impulse control deficits often show cognitive abnormalities especially in executive abilities. One possibility to examine the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms is to assess evoked potentials. In the present study an adapted go/nogo-paradigm was used to investigate electrophysiological correlates of voluntary selection and behaviour control processes in patients suffering from alcohol dependence and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods15 patients with alcohol dependence, 15 adult patients with ADHD and 15 control persons were included into the study. Patients with alcoholism were examined twice: before and after an inpatient detoxification.The participants performed a go/nogo task, comprising three different conditions:Apart from the go-condition (button press required) and the nogo-task (inhibition of a behavioural response), a voluntary selection task was included in which participants were allowed to freely decide, whether to press the response button or not.Results and discussionResponse inhibition and voluntary selection processes were related to a fronto-central negativity after 200 ms (N2) and a positivity after 300 ms (P3) in healthy subjects. In patients, the P3 amplitude was reduced compared to the controls. In addition, alcohol dependent patients did not show a N2 potential.The results indicate fronto-central dysfunctions dysfunctions in either patient group. However, different neuronal processes seemed to be affected in patients with ADHD and patients with alcoholism.
PW01-239 - From First To Final Year Of University Education: Trajectory Of Alcohol Problems In Belarusian Universities
Authors: Osain Welcome M. , Alekseevic Pereverzev V. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesThe problem of alcohol use is a major public health problem in the general students’ population in Belarus. We therefore screen for the prevalence and trace the order of increase in alcohol use and related problems among freshmen and seniors in Belarusian universities.Materials and methodsA total of 565 (1st - 2nd courses, mean age - 18.9yrs), 537 (3rd - 4th courses, mean age - 20.9yrs) and 397 (5th - 6th courses, mean age - 22.8 yrs) university students in Minsk (Belarus) were administered the AUDIT questionnaire, including other alcohol related questions. The cut-off point on the AUDIT was set at 8. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 16.0 version for Windows; the criteria of Pearson, X2 and Student's t testsñ. The probability value for significance was set at p< 0.05.ResultsAlcohol use and related problems increased with increase in the average age and year of study. In the 1st - 2nd, 3rd - 4th, 5th - 6th courses, alcohol users were 83.56%, 85.64%, 94.22% respectively and problem drinkers were 14.51%, 17.88%, 20.91% respectively. The use of strong strength alcoholic beverages was linked with a high risk of alcohol related problems, than the use of weak alcoholic beverages in the general students’ population.ConclusionThe level of alcohol use and related problems in the general students’ population in Belarus are high and show increase in order of increase both in the average age and in the year of study.
PW01-244 - A Retrospective Sibling Study Of Childhood Adjustment In Adults With Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Sethi P. , Easow J. , Luty J. 
Published: June 2010

AimTo retrospectively identify differences in antisocial and delinquent behavior between siblings discordant for serious substance use disorders.BackgroundResearch has suggested that people who develop serious substance use disorders have delinquent traits as children prior to using any illicit drugs.MethodA retrospective survey was conducted of 50 pairs of adult siblings who were discordant for serious substance use disorders. The self-report early delinquency scale (SRED) was used to retrospectively assess delinquent traits in childhood and adolescence.ResultsThe mean SRED 29 (illegal item) score in treatment seeking opiate dependent people (mean age= 33.5 years) was 19.6 (SE=0.9) compared to 4.8 (SE=0.6) in same sex, non-substance dependent siblings (p< 0.0001; paired Wilcoxon test). The mean SRED 58 (norm violation) score in treatment seeking opiate dependent people was 36.8 (SE=1.7) compared to 10.5 (SE=1.4) in same sex siblings (p< 0.0001; paired Wilcoxon test). 40% of patients were expelled from school compared to 12% of siblings (Yates-corrected Chi2 = 8.78; p = 0.003). 96% of patients reported problems with the police as adolescence compared to 48% of controls (Yates-corrected Chi2 = 26.24; p < 0.0001). Police problems in substance users pre-dated first use of illicit substances by 5.5 years.ConclusionThe study used a validated instrument and objective reports to confirm significantly higher rates of delinquent behavior and social dysfunction in childhood for substance users compared to non-substance dependent siblings. The delinquent behaviors usually predated serious substance misuse.
PW01-246 - Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Decreases The Number of Serotonin-immunoreactive (5-ht-ir) Cells In The Dorsal Raphe In Ovariectomized Adult Female Rats
Authors: Sliwowska J. , Song E. , Ellis L. , Weinberg J. 
Published: June 2010

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) produces physiological and behavioural abnormalities that are consistent with altered serotonin (5-HT) function in male rats. Whether alterations in the 5-HT system persist into adulthood and are present in females remains unknown.ObjectivesWe investigated:1)the effects of PAE on the number of 5-HT neurons in the brainstem in female adult rats;2)the potential influence of ovarian sex steroids, estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) on this population of 5-HT neurons.MethodsFemale offspring from prenatal ethanol (PAE), pair-fed (PF) and ad lib-fed control (C) dams were studied in adulthood. Females were assigned to the following groups: 1) ovariectomized (OVX); 2) ovariectomized with estradiol replacement (OVX+E2; mean plasma concentration: 64 pg/ml); 3) ovariectomized and replaced with estradiol (as above) and progesterone (OVX+E2+P4; mean plasma concentration for P4:12 ng/ml); 4) Sham surgery (SHAM). Immunocytochemistry for 5-HT was performed.ResultsPAE decreased the number of 5-HT-ir neurons in the dorsal raphe (DR) in OVX females. There was no effect of PAE the number of DR 5HT-ir neurons in OVX+E2 group, suggesting a possible neuroprotective role of estradiol in PAE animals. Treatment with both progesterone and estradiol compared to estradiol alone caused a further decrease in number of DR 5-HT-ir neurons in PAE but not C or PF animals.ConclusionThese results provide evidence of the enduring effects of PAE on the serotonergic system, and suggest a role for the ovarian sex steroids in mediating these effects.FundingIMPART (CIHR) to JHS, NIH/NIAAA AA007789 and HELP to JW.
PW01-247 - Primary and Secondary Therapy Resistance To NRT In Tobacco Dependence Patients
Authors: Speranskaya O. 
Published: June 2010

325 tobacco dependence patients, age 47-76, smoking period more then 25 years, 209 men, 116 women with resistance to nicotin-replacement therapy were examined and anamnestically investigated from their first attempts to start smoking till nowadays.They turned out to have differences compared to those without therapy resistance.Primary therapy resistance started with the first attempts to quit. Secondary therapy resistance appeared after several successful quittings.The patients with therapy resistance had special personality features, such as histero-epileptoid (58,76%), shyso- epileptoid (21,81%) in patients with primary therapy resistance; shyso-histeroid (74,5%) and shyso- epileptoid origin in the cases of the secondary therapy resistance.The tobacco dependence syndroma has the significant prevalence of its ideatory component from the early period of smoring in every case of therapy resistance.It showed off as the impossibility to cotnrol the mental ideas of smoking - in the patients with the primary therapy resistance, the lack of control of visual, sensual and assosiative representation of smoking - in the cases of theAll the patients also had essential signs of somato-vegetative and neurotic components of tobacco dependence syndroma. 76,5% of them suffered from comorbid affective dysorders of the dysphoric-depression origin in the patients with primary therapy resistance and senesto-hypochondrial origin in the patients with the secondary therapy resistance besides.Our findings stress out the nesesserity of complex therapy of tobacco dependence syndroma including psychopharmacotherapy, NRT, byological therapy, espesially in the cases of therapy resistance.
PW01-249 - Treatment Strategies For The Management of The Self-aggressive Manifestations In Heroin Dependence
Authors: Vasile D. , Vasiliu O. , Vasile M.L. , Mangalagiu A.G. , Stanescu B. , Terpan M. , Nastase D.M. , Petrescu B.M. , Bogdan V. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of three different strategies in the management of self-aggressive behavior (defined as repeated overdoses, explicit suicidal attempts or self-mutilation) observed in heroin dependent patients.MethodsA group of 16 patients, mean age 26.2, diagnosed with heroin dependence, were treated as outpatients, with (1) oxcarbazepine (mean daily dose 900 mg), (2) cognitive behavioral therapy focused on coping strategies and cognitive restructuring (2 sessions per week) or (3) the combination of the previous two methods. All the included patients were monitored for 6 months using Inventory of Drug Taking Situations (IDTS), Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I), Suicide Attempt-Self Injury Interview-Short Version (SAS II-B) and Global Assessment of Function (GAF). The randomization of the patients in the three groups was single blinded.ResultsOxcarbazepine was well tolerated and no drop out related to adverse events was registered. Patients that received combined therapy registered an improvement (p< 0.01) in all self-aggressive behaviors (33% to baseline), global functioning (25%) and clinical impression (24%). There was a significant difference between this group and the psychotherapy only treated group (p< 0.01 on SAS II-B, GAF, CGI), but not significant when it was compared to oxcarbazepine group (p=0.06). Regarding the impact of treatment strategies over the severity of addiction, only the combined therapy had some success, by decreasing with 11% the IDTS score.ConclusionThe combined therapy, using CBT and oxcarbazepine, reduced the risk for self-aggressive behaviors on medium term in heroin dependent patients and mildly decreased the severity of the dependence.
PW01-250 - Addressing Self-image Distorsions As a Core Feature In The Alcohol Dependence Psychoterapeutic Approach
Authors: Vasile D. , Vasiliu O. , Mangalagiu A.G. , Vasile M.L. , Badescu E. , Bogdan V. , Terpan M. , Ojog D.G. , Petrescu B.M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo establish the frequency of self-image distorsions in alcohol dependent patients and if addressing them through a targeted psychotherapeutic approach would be beneficial.MethodsA group of 45 patients, 32 male and 13 female, mean age 39.6, diagnosed with alcohol dependence (DSM IV TR), were evaluated for establishing the severity of self-image distorsions, using-baseline and endpoint- Rotter Incomplete Sentence Test (RIST) and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT); for the monitoring of the dependence severity and its associated impairments we used Inventory of Drug Taking Situations (IDTS)-alcohol focused version and Global Assessment of Function (GAF) every 4 weeks for 6 months. From the initial group, 38 (84.4%) patients have been found with moderate and severe self-image distorsions (feeling of insecurity and inferiority, external locus of control, frequent use of denial, regression and projection). They received cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) focused on restructuring cognitive dysfunctional beliefs about self and experimenting new ways to relate to self and significant others.ResultsThe psychotherapeutic approach decreased the overall severity of alcohol dependence (-35.7 on IDTS, p< 0.01) and consequently improved the global functioning (+18.2 on GAF, p< 0.01) after 6 months. These results correlated with the improvement of self-image, reflected on the severity of P-Ego scale from RIST (-23.2%, p< 0.01) and on the improvement of defense system (more frequent use of anticipation, suppression and rationalization and less of denial and projection).ConclusionPatients with alcohol dependence have very often self-image distorsions and could, therefore, benefit from a psychotherapy that addresses specifically this phenomenon.
PW01-253 - Personality Traits, Self-esteem and Sense of Meaning In Life As Predictors For Suicide: The Norwegian Hunt Cohort
Authors: Bjerkeset O. , Nordahl H.M. , Romundstad P.R. , Gunnell D. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundThe role of mental illness in the aetiology of suicide is well-recognised whereas the importance of personality and other enduring psychological characteristics has received relatively little attention in prospective studies.MethodsProspective cohort study of men and women aged 20+ years who participated in the Nord- Trøndelag Health Study, Norway, in 1984-86 (HUNT 1, n=74,977) and 1995-97 (HUNT II, n=66,140). State and trait psychological measures (personality traits, self-esteem and sense of coherence) along with sociodemographic, life style and physical health factors known to influence mental health and suicide risk were self reported by participants. Study members were followed up until 31st of December 2004.ResultsThere were 153 suicides amongst the study members included in the analyses. Traits of neuroticism and conscientiousness (dutifulness) were associated with a modest (30-80%) increased risk of suicide. Low self-esteem (hazard ratio 5.22 95% CI 0.90 to 30.42) and low sense of meaning in life (hazard ratio 4.88 95% CI 1.86 to 12.82) were associated with an increased suicide risk in the fully adjusted models even after controlling for common mental disorder.ConclusionsOur results suggest that simple questions relating to markers of personality, self-esteem and meaningfulness (SOC) might be useful tools in clinical suicide risk assessment. However, findings need replication in future large scale prospective studies.
PW01-254 - Risk Factors For Suicide In The Observational Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (soho) Study
Authors: Novick D. , Brugnoli R. , Haro J.M. , Rossi A. , Bortolomasi M. , Frediani S. , Borgherini G. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectivesTo identify factors associated with suicide attempts using data from a large, 3-year, multinational follow-up study of schizophrenia (SOHO study).MethodsAll baseline characteristics of 8,871 adult patients with schizophrenia collected in patients included in the SOHO study were included in a GEE logistic regression post-hoc analysis comparing patients who attempted suicide during the study with those who did not.ResultsA total of 384 (4.3%) patients attempted or committed suicide. The risk factors that resulted statistically associated with suicide attempt were a lifetime history of suicide attempts (OR 3.6 [95% CI 2.8, 4.6; p< 0.0001]), suicide attempts in the last 6 months (OR 2.5 [95% CI 1.8, 3.4; p< 0.0001]), prolactin-related side effects (OR 2.0 [95%CI 1.4, 2.9; p=0.0002]), CGI depression (OR 1.2 [95% CI 1.1, 1.3; p=0.0004]) and history of hospitalization for schizophrenia (OR 1.4 [95% CI 1.1, 1.8; p=0.009]).ConclusionsIn view of the observational design of the study and the post-hoc nature of the analysis, the identified risk factors should be confirmed by ad-hoc specifically designed studies.
PS01-02 - Ethical Issues Related To Coercive Measures In Psychiatry
Authors: Szmukler G. 
Published: June 2010

I will examine a range of ‘treatment pressures’ in mental health care exerted on patients who are reluctant to accept treatment. Conceptual distinctions of moral relevance can be drawn between a number of interventions commonly termed 'coercive'. These include ‘compulsion’, ‘coercion’ (narrowly defined), ‘exploitation’, ‘deception’, ‘inducements’ (or offers), and ‘interpersonal leverage’. These pressures may be placed on a rough hierarchy of moral seriousness.Justifications for coercive interventions will be briefly discussed and I will recommend a ‘capacity-best interests’ framework as applicable across the whole range of interventions.Measures that may reduce the need for ‘coercion’ will be briefly discussed, the most promising being certain types of ‘advance statement’ which, among other effects, enhance patients' involvement in their treatment.
PS01-03 - Ethical Issues Related To The Early Treatment Of Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Klosterkötter J. , Schultze-Lutter F. 
Published: June 2010

Prevention of severe mental disorders, and especially the indicated prevention, has become a main topic in psychiatric research and, consequently, a matter of ethical debates. Neuropsychiatric disorders, however, form a most heterogeneous group of disorders that, among others, strike first in different age groups, differ in outcome and in availability as well as safety of treatments, have more or less understood different aetiologies and are subject to different degrees of stigmatisation and discrimination. And, although the main focus and critic are on the accuracy of prediction and the safety of treatment, concerns and arguments vary with the different characteristics of the considered disorder.Taking endogenous psychoses as an example, costs and benefits of an early detection, of an early intervention and of prevention research in the prodromal or premorbid phase will be reviewed. It will be argued that the best way to adhere to the major ethical principles in medicine - autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and fairness - in research and clinical practice will have to be reassessed continuously against the background of the current state of knowledge as well as the public opinion. Thereby, great care has to be given to ensuring that the great expected ‘common good’ will not overcome an individual patient's right to his or her own good and that, especially in patients more vulnerable to misuse, i.e., minors and those already impaired in their decision-making capacity, autonomy is given priority.
SS01-04 - Clinical Experience With Agomelatine In Depressed Patients
Authors: Hajak G. 
Published: June 2010

Agomelatine, the first melatonergic antidepressant, has been widely recognized as a true innovation since its launch in Europe one year ago. Agomelatine has a unique pharmacological profile: an agonist at MT1/MT2 melatonergic receptors and antagonist at 5-HT2C receptors, it resynchronizes altered circadian rhythms in depression.Agomelatine has already become a first-line treatment option for patients with a first depressive episode, as well as those with recurrent depression. In daily practice, agomelatine can be used in all depressed patients, and is particularly indicated in patients complaining of sleep difficulties. Agomelatine ensures unimpaired daytime vigilance, cognition, gastrointestinal transit, and sexual functioning. Feedback to date from both inpatients and outpatients with major depression is positive: beyond the antidepressant effect, patients frequently report improvement in sleep-wake rhythms and daily functioning, as early as by the first week (mostly within the first 3 days), which differentiates agomelatine from other antidepressants. Most patients report improvement in mood and other symptoms after 2/3 weeks and satisfactory tolerability. The most frequently noted side effects are dizziness, headache, and nausea; liver function tests at initiation of treatment are not considered to be an issue. Because agomelatine, unlike conventional antidepressants, does not affect serotonin levels, in case of switch the initial antidepressant should be progressively downtitrated to avoid discontinuation symptoms, which risk masking the benefits of agomelatine.In summary, the early effects of agomelatine shown in controlled studies are also experienced by the majority of patients in daily practice and reflect its ability to resynchronize circadian rhythms.
YPSP01-02 - Effectiveness, Quality Of Life And Changes In Burden Of Disease In Children And Adolescents With Adhd Transitioning To Oros Mph
Authors: Wolff C. , Mattejat F. , Dichter S. , Schaeuble B. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveTo explore effectiveness, quality of life outcomes, burden of disease in children and adolescents with ADHD transitioning from ER MPH or Atomoxetine onto PR OROS MPH.MethodsTwelve week open label study including 224 patients (aged 6-18) with ADHD (ICD-10) transitioning from ER MPH (N=180), Atomoxetine (N=42) or both (N=2) onto flexibly dosed PR OROS MPH. Starting dose was based on clinical judgement. Assessments included Children's Global Assessment Scale, IOWA Conners' parent rating scale, quality of life (ILC), and open question related to late afternoon or evening activities.Results224 patients (85.3% boys, median age 11 yrs) were documented. 81% completed the study. Median starting and final dose of PR OROS MPH was 36 mg/d. Mean C-GAS improved from 58 ± 15 (previous ER MPH group) and 54 ± 11 (previous ATX group) to 71±16 (12±15; p< 0,01) and 64±18 (9±16; p< 0.001), respectively.Playing with other children, doing household chores, behavior towards visitors and doing homework were improved after switching from ATX to OROS MPH (all p < 0.05), but not for going to bed (p = 0.57). All items improved in the previous ER MPH group (p < 0.0001). Symptoms measured on IOWA Connor's rating scale as well as burden of disease (ILC) improved in children, adolescents as well as their care givers (p < 0.005).ConclusionTransition from ER MPH and ATX onto PR OROS MPH was associated with improved functionality, social interaction and decreased burden of disease in children and adolescents with ADHD.