bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOTOS SYNDROME
Authors: Rutter S. C. , Cole T. R. P. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYA preliminary investigation of the psychological characteristics of 16 children aged between five and 15 years who met the strict diagnostic criteria for Sotos syndrome demonstrated that, while cognitive abilities vary, there are behavioural patterns that are characteristic of the disorder. The children were reported to have high rates of behavioural disturbance at home, particularly tantrums, destructiveness, social withdrawal, and eating and sleeping difficulties. The children were reported to present fewer problems in the school environment. Other difficulties expressed by parents are also described and quantified.RÉSUMÉCaractéristiques psychologiques du syndrome de SotosL'investigation préliminaire des caractéristiques psychologiques de 16 enfants âgés de cinq à 15 ans chez qui les critères de diagnostic strict de syndrome de Sotos étaient présents, a montré une variation des capacités cognitives et en revanche des attitudes comportementales caractéristiques du trouble. On observait un taux élevé de troubles chez les enfants élevés à la maison particulièrement les crises de colère, les crises destructives, le retrait social, et les difficultés pour manger et dormir. Les problèmes dans l'environnement scolaire étaient plus limités. D'autres troubles exprimés par les parents furent également décrits et quantifiés.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGPsychologische Charakteristiken beim Sotos SyndromEine vorläufige Untersuchung der psychologischen Charakteristiken bei 16 Kindern im Alter zwischen fünf und 15 Jahren, die die genauen diagnostischen Kriterien für ein Sotos Syndrom erfüllten, zeigten, daß es für die Erkrankung charakteristische Verhaltensmuster gibt, während die kognitiven Fähigkeiten wechseln. Es wurde berichtet, daß die Kinder zu Hause sehr häufig Verhaltensstörungen haben, insbesondere schlechte Laune, Zerstörungswut, soziale Zurückgezogenheit, und Eß‐ und Schlafschwierigkeiten. In der Schule sollen die Kinder weniger Probleme gezeigt haben. Die anderen von den Eltern dargestellten Schwierigkeiten wurden ebenfalls beschrieben und quantifiziert.RESUMENCaracterísticas psicológicas del síndrome de SotosUna investigación preliminar de las característícas psicológicas de 16 niños de cinco a 15 años de edad que cumplían estrictamente los criterios del síndrome de Sotos, demostró que, mìentras las habilidades cognitìvas variaban, hay unos patrones de comportamiento que son característicos de este síndrome. Se observó que los niños tenían unas frecuencias altas de alteracìón del comportamiento en casa especialmente berrinches dificultades en la comida y el sueño, tendencias destructivas vas y retirada social. Se observó que los niños presentaban pocos problemas en el ambiente de la escuela. Se describían y se cuantificaban también otras citadas por los padres.
Autistic Syndrome with Onset at Age 31 Years: Herpes Encephalitis as a Possible Model for Childhood Autism
Authors: Gillberg I. Carina 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe author describes a previously healthy man who contracted herpes encephalitis at the age of 31 years, and over the following months developed all the symptoms considered diagnostic of autism. This case report casts doubt on the notion of autism as an exclusively developmental disorder. It is suggested that temporal lobe damage may cause autism in some cases.RÉSUMÉLe syndrome autistique avec début à l'âge de 31 ans. L'éncéphalite herpétique comme modèle possible de l'autisme infantileL'auteur décrit le cas d'un homme antérieurement en bonne santé ayant contracté une encéphalite herpétique à l'âge de 31 ans, et qui dans les mois suivants présenta tous les symptômes permettant un diagnostic d'autisme. Ce cas entraîne un doute sur la notion d'autisme comme étant exlusivement un trouble de développement. Il est suggéré que les lésions du lobe temporal peuvent causer un autisme dans certains cas.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAutistisches Syndrom mit Beginn im Alter von 31 Jahren. Herpes Enzephalitis als mögliche Ursache des Autismus im KindesalterDie Autorin beschreibt einen zunächst gesunden Mann, der mit 31 Jahren eine Herpes Enzephalitis bekam und in den folgenden Monaten alle Symptome entwickelte, die für Autismus pathognomonisch sind. Dieser Fallbericht stellt die Annahme in Zweifel, Autismus sei eine reine Entwicklungsstörung. Die Autorin vermutet, daß in einigen Fällen eine Schädigung des Temporallappens die Ursache für einen Autismus sein kann.RESUMENSíndrome autístico de comienzo a los 31 años. La encefalitis herpética como un posible modelo para el autismo infantilLa autora describe un hombre, hasta entonces sano, que padeció una encefalitis herpética a los 31 años de edad, y que en los meses siguientes desarrolló todo los sintomas considerados diagnósticos de autismo. Este caso hace dudar de la idea de que el autismo es una alteración exclusivamente del desarrollo. Se sugiere que en algunos casos una lesión del lóbulo temporal puede causar autismo.
SELECTION OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY FOR CONDUCTIVE EDUCATION AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN JUDGED SUITABLE AND UNSUITABLE
Authors: Bairstow Phillip , Cochrane Raymond , Rusk Ilene 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe method of selection of children for conductive education and their characteristics were studied at the Birmingham Institute. A comparison group allowed evaluation of those judged unsuitable for conductive education. It was found that only approximately 35 per cent of children with cerebral palsy are suitable for conductive education, although those accepted have a wide range of abilities; a wide range of conditions make children unsuitable for conductive education; and the majority of parents with potentially suitable children do not seek conductive education.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAuswahl cerebralparetischer Kinder und ihre Eignung für ein FörderprogrammAm Birmingham Institut wurde eine Methode zur Auswahl von Kindern für ein Förderprogramm, und ihre Eignung untersucht. Eine Vergleichsgruppe ermöglichte die Beurteilung der Kinder, die für das Förderprogramm nicht geeignet erschienen. Es fand sich, daß nur etwa 35 Prozent der cerebralparetischen Kinder für das Förderprogramm geeignet sind, obwohl die angenommenen ein breites Spektrum von Fähigkeiten haben; Kinder, bei denen ein breites Spektrum von Konditionen vorliegt, sind für das Förderprogramm ungeeignet; und die Mehrzahl der Eltern von eventuell geeigneten Kindern interessieren sich nicht für das Förderprogramm.RESUMENSeleción y características de niños con parálisis cerebral en vistas a una educación conductivaEn el Instituto Birmingham se estudió el método de selección de niños para una educatión conductista, así como sus características. Un grupo control permitió la evaluatión de los que eran juzgados adecuados para la educación conductista. Se halló que sólo aproximadamente el 35 por ciento de los niños con parálisis cerebral eran adecuados, si bien los aceptados tenían un amplio campo de habilidades. Un amplio campo de condiciones hacia a los niños no adecuados para una educación conductista. La mayoria de padres con niños potencialmente adecuados no buscaban una educación conductista.
NORMAL RANGES OF HIP MOTION OF PRETERM INFANTS
Authors: Katzy Kalman , Davidson Shmuel , Dulitzky Frederica , Naor Nora , Wielunsky Eliyahu , Merlob Paul 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe hip motion of 158 preterm infants with gestational ages between 25 and 36 weeks was measured. The results of this study, compared with those of previous studies of term infants, show that hip motion changes with increasing gestational age above 25 to 27 weeks.RÉSUMÉ Etendue normale des mouvements de hanche chez les prématurésLa mobilité de hanche de 158 prématurés, d'âge de gestation compris entre 25 et 36 semaines, a été mesurée. Les résultats de cette étude, comparés à ceux d'études précédentes d'enfants nés à terme, montre que la mobilité de hanche change avec un âge de gestation accru au dessus de 25 à 27 semaines.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGNormalwerte der Hüftbewegung bei FrühgeborenenBei 158 Frühgeborenen mit einem Gestationsalter zwischen 25 und 36 Wochen wurden die Hüftbewegungen gemessen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie, verglichen mit denen früherer Studien bei zum Termin geborenen Kindern, zeigen, daß sich die Hüftbewegung von der 25, bis 27. Woche mit zunehmendem Gestationsalter ändert.RESUMENMargen normal de la motilidad de cadera en niños pretérminoSe midió la motilidad de la cadera en 158 niños pretérmino con edades gestacionales de 25 a 36 semanas. Los resultados de este estudio, compara dos con estudios previos en niños a término, muestran que la motilidad de la cadera cambia al aumentar la edad gestacional por encima de las 25 a 27 semanas.
SELF‐ESTEEM, ASPIRATIONS AND EXPECTATIONS OF ADOLESCENTS WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITY
Authors: Arnold Paul , Chapman Melanie 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYFifteen adolescents with physical disabilities were compared with able‐bodied controls by means of questionnaires to assess their self‐esteem and their future aspirations and expectations. There was no significant difference for self‐esteem between the two groups. This encouraging finding is inconsistent with earlier findings of low self‐esteem. There was no significant correlation between the self‐esteem of the physically disabled adolescents and the difference between their aspirations and expectations; however, there was a significant negative correlation for the able‐bodied controls.RÉSUMÉAuto‐appréciation, aspirations et attentes d'adolescents présentant des incapacités motricesDes questionnaires ont permis d'évaluer l'auto‐appréciation, les aspirations pour le futur et les attentes chez 15 adolescents présentant des incapacités motrices, comparés avec des contrôles sans incapacités. Il n'a pas été trouvé de différences d'auto‐appréciation entre les deux groupes. Ces données encourageants contredisent les données antérieures de pauvre auto‐appréciation. Il n'y avail pas de correlation significative entre l'auto‐appréciation des adolescents présentant des incapacités motrices et leurs aspirations ou attentes; il y avail en revanche une corrélation négative significative chez les contrôles sans incapacités.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSelbstwertgefühl, Wünsche und Erwartungen von körperlich behinderten JugendlichenFünfzehn körperlich behinderte Jugendliche wurden mit gesunden Kontrollen anhand von Fragenbögen verglichen, urn ihr Selbstwertgefühl und ihre Wünsche und Erwartungen für die Zukunft zu erforschen. Es fand sich zwischen den beiden Gruppen kein Unterschied in Bezug auf das Selbstwertgefühl. Dieses ermutigende Ergebnis widerlegt frühere Befunde von einem niedrigen Selbstwertgefühl. Es gab keine signifikante Beziehung zwischen dem Selbstwertgefühl der körperlich behinderten Jugendlichen und ihren Wünschen und Erwartungen; dagegen gab es für die gesunden Kontrollen eine negative signifikante Korrelation.RESUMENAutoestima, aspiraciones y expectativas de los adolescentes con dificultades físicasQuince adolescentes con deficiencias físicas fueron comparados con controles fïsicamente capaces, por medio de cuestionarios para evaluar su autoestima y sus futuras aspiraciones y expectativas. No había ninguna diferencia entre los dos grupos por lo que hacía a la autoestima. Este hallazgo animador es inconsistente con hallazgos anteriores de baja estima. No había correlación significativa entre la autoestima de los adolescentes con incapacidad física y sus aspiraciones y expectativas. Sin embargo había una correlación negative significativa en los control les físicamente capaces.
Chiari Malformation Typo I in a Child with Velopharyngeal Insufficiency
Authors: Gerard Christophe L. , Dugas Michel , Narcy Philippe , Hertz‐Pannier Julie 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYA five‐year‐old girl was referred for chronic and stable velopharyngeal insufficiency. Pharyngoplasly was performed, without significant improvement, and further neurological investigation was undertaken. Clinical examination and electromyography led to a suspicion of denervation of the IX, X and XI cranial nerves. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a type I Chiari malformation.RÉSUMÉMalformation de Chiari de type I chez un enfant présentant line insuffisance vélopharyngienne chroniqueUne fillette de cinq ans consulta pour une insuffisance vélo‐pharyngienne chronique et stable. Une pharyngoplastie fut pratiquée sans guère de résultats et un examen neurologique ultérieur fut effectué. Les données cliniques et électromyographiques conduisirent à suspecter une paralysie des paires craniennes IX, X et XI. L'imagerie en résonance magnétique révéla une malformation de Chiari de type I.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGChiari Mißbildung Typ I bei eirtem Kind mit chronischer velopharyngeal InsuffizienzEin fünfjähriges Mädchen wurde wegen einer chronischen velopharyngealen Insuffizienz eingewiesen. Es wurden eine Pharyngoplastik, die keinen signifikanten Erfolg hatte, und verschiedene neurologische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Die klinische Untersuchung und die elektromyographischen Befunde ließen eine Degeneration der Hirnnerven IX, X und XI vermuten, Im Kemspinntomogramm fand man eine Chiari Mißbildung Typ 1.RESUMENMalformación de Chiari de tipo I en un niño con insuficiencia crónica velofaríngeaUna niña de cinco años de edad fue visitada por una insuficiencia velofaríngea crónica y estable. Se realizó una faringoplastia sin obtener ninguna mejoría significativa, y se practicó un studio neurológico. El examen clínico y la electromiografía llevaron a la sospecha de una denervación de los pares craneales IX, X y XI. La Resonancia Magnética reveló una malformación de Arnold Chiari del tipo I.
State‐of‐the‐Art‐Review: Immunomodulatory effects of opioids
Authors: Odunayo Adesola , Dodam John R. , Kerl Marie E. , DeClue Amy E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjective –To review the immunomodulatory effects of opioids.Data Sources –Original research publications and review articles using the PubMed search engine with the following keywords – opioids, morphine, immuomodulation, and immunosuppression.Veterinary and Human Data Synthesis –Opioids have been shown to modulate the immune system in animal models by affecting both the acquired and innate arms of the immune system. Natural killer cell activity, T‐cell proliferation, antibody production, phagocytic cell function, and cytokine production have all been shown to be affected by opioids. Many of these effects are reversed by opioid antagonists. Opioids have also been shown to induce sepsis in laboratory animals. Opioid administration alters immune parameters in healthy humans at analgesic doses and may increase the risk of infection in some patient populations.Conclusions –While opioids remain the most powerful and widely used analgesics available, their negative effects on the immune system are well established in the laboratory setting. Thoughtful consideration should be given to the use of certain opioids in critically ill patients, especially those with pre‐existing immunocompromise.
Inhibitory RNA in epilepsy: Research tools and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Boison Detlev 
Published: July 2010

SummarySince its discovery a decade ago, RNA interference (RNAi) has been developed not only into powerful experimental tools but also into promising novel therapeutics. In contrast to conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that target specific proteins such as ion channels or receptors, RNAi‐based therapeutics exploit an endogenous regulatory mechanism of gene expression and thereby are poised to prevent or reverse pathogenetic mechanisms involved in seizure development. Therapeutic RNAi has been widely explored for dominant targets involved in neurodegenerative diseases; however, their use for epilepsy therapy has received less attention. This review discusses potential RNAi‐based targets that are of interest for epilepsy therapy, including adenosine kinase (ADK), the key negative regulator of the brain’s endogenous anticonvulsant adenosine. Overexpression of ADK, and the resulting adenosine deficiency, are pathologic hallmarks of the sclerotic epileptic brain, and have been implicated in seizure generation. Therefore, RNAi‐strategies aimed at reducing ADK (and increasing adenosine) are based on a direct neurochemical rationale that has recently been explored experimentally using ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy approaches. Technical issues and challenges remain before those promising tools can be developed into future therapeutics for epilepsy.
Disagreement and Learning: Dynamic Patterns of Trade
Authors: BANERJEE SNEHAL , KREMER ILAN 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe empirical evidence on investor disagreement and trading volume is difficult to reconcile in standard rational expectations models. We develop a dynamic model in which investors disagree about the interpretation of public information. We obtain a closed‐form linear equilibrium that allows us to study which restrictions on the disagreement process yield empirically observed volume and return dynamics. We show that when investors have infrequent but major disagreements, there is positive autocorrelation in volume and positive correlation between volume and volatility. We also derive novel empirical predictions that relate the degree and frequency of disagreement to volume and volatility dynamics.
Intraday Patterns in the Cross‐section of Stock Returns
Authors: HESTON STEVEN L. , KORAJCZYK ROBERT A. , SADKA RONNIE 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTMotivated by the literature on investment flows and optimal trading, we examine intraday predictability in the cross‐section of stock returns. We find a striking pattern of return continuation at half‐hour intervals that are exact multiples of a trading day, and this effect lasts for at least 40 trading days. Volume, order imbalance, volatility, and bid‐ask spreads exhibit similar patterns, but do not explain the return patterns. We also show that short‐term return reversal is driven by temporary liquidity imbalances lasting less than an hour and bid‐ask bounce. Timing trades can reduce execution costs by the equivalent of the effective spread.
Why Do Foreign Firms Leave U.S. Equity Markets?
Authors: DOIDGE CRAIG , KAROLYI G. ANDREW , STULZ RENÉ M. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTForeign firms terminate their Securities and Exchange Commission registration in the aftermath of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX) because they no longer require outside funds to finance growth opportunities. Deregistering firms’ insiders benefit from greater discretion to consume private benefits without having to raise higher cost funds. Foreign firms with more agency problems have worse stock‐price reactions to the adoption of Rule 12h‐6 in 2007, which made deregistration easier, than those firms more adversely affected by the compliance costs of SOX. Stock‐price reactions to deregistration announcements are negative, but less so under Rule 12h‐6, and more so for firms that raise fewer funds externally.
Clinical and community risk models of incident tooth loss in postmenopausal women from the Buffalo Osteo Perio Study
Authors: Bole Christopher , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Hovey Kathleen M. , Genco Robert J. , Hausmann Ernest 
Published: July 2010

Bole C, Wactawski‐Wende J, Hovey KM, Genco RJ, Hausmann E. Clinical and community risk models of incident tooth loss in postmenopausal women from the Buffalo Osteo Perio Study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 487–497. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – Objective:  While risk factors for tooth loss in adults have been identified, limited studies describing factors associated with incident tooth loss in postmenopausal women exist. This study assessed both clinical and non‐clinical risk factors for incident tooth loss.Methods:  Postmenopausal women (N = 1341) were recruited between 1997 and 2000 from 1847 eligible Observational Study participants of the Buffalo, NY center of the Women’s Health Initiative who had complete dental examinations to assess alveolar bone height, soft tissue attachment and general oral health, and completed questionnaires concerning demographics, general health, lifestyle and oral health (72.6% participation rate). Five years later (2002–2005), 1021 women (76.1%) repeated these examinations and questionnaires. Incident tooth loss was determined by oral examination.Results:  After an average 5.1 years of follow‐up (SD, 0.38), a total of 323 teeth were lost in 293 women, resulting in 28.7% of women with incident loss of at least one tooth. In multivariable models, diabetes history, gum disease history, smoking, previous tooth loss, BMI and plaque index, baseline clinical measures including alveolar crestal height (ACH) (OR = 1.22 per mm loss, 95% CI 1.11, 1.35), clinical attachment loss (CAL) (OR = 1.13 per mm loss, 95% CI 1.05, 1.23), and pocket depth (PD) (OR = 1.26 per mm loss, 95% CI 1.13, 1.41) were significant risk factors of incident tooth loss. In a community model that included no clinical measures, diabetes history (OR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.26, 4.77), prior gum disease (OR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.43, 2.70), ever smoking (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.06, 1.89), number of teeth lost at baseline (OR = 1.05 per tooth, 95% CI 1.02, 1.08), and BMI (OR = 1.15 per 5 km/m2 increase, 95% CI 1.01, 1.33) were associated with an increased risk of incident tooth loss.Conclusions:  Clinical and questionnaire‐based models were found to provide similar risk estimates for incident tooth loss in postmenopausal women. These models identified high‐risk postmenopausal women where preventive strategies may be targeted.
The Testosterone Metabolite 3α-Diol Enhances Female Rat Sexual Motivation When Infused in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell
Authors: Sánchez Montoya Eliana L. , Hernández Lizaida , Barreto-Estrada Jennifer L. , Ortiz José G. , Jorge Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTAimThe purpose of this study was to provide a quantitative assessment of female rat sexual behaviors after acute exposure to the A-ring reduced testosterone metabolite, androstanediol (3α-Diol), through the nucleus accumbens (NA) shell.Main Outcome MeasuresQuantitative analyses of female rat sexual behaviors and assessment of protein levels for the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase isoform 67 (GAD67) and gephyrin, a protein that participates in the clustering of GABA-A receptors in postsynaptic cells, were accomplished.MethodsFemale rats were ovariectomized and primed with estrogen and progesterone to induce sexual behaviors. Females received a 3α-Diol infusion via guided cannula that aimed to the NA shell five minutes prior to a sexual encounter with a stud male. The following parameters were videotaped and measured in a frame by frame analysis: lordosis quotient (LQ), Lordosis rating (LR), frequency and duration of proceptive behaviors (hopping/darting and ear wiggling). Levels of GAD67 and gephyrin were obtained by Western blot analysis two or twenty-four hours after the sexual encounter.ResultsAcute exposure to 3α-Diol in the NA shell enhanced LR, ear wiggling, and hopping/darting but not LQ. Some of these behavioral effects were counteracted by co-infusion of 3α-Diol plus the GABAA-receptor antagonist GABAzine. A transient reduction of GAD67 levels in the NA shell was detected.ConclusionsThe testosterone metabolite 3α-Diol enhances sexual proceptivity, but not receptivity, when infused into the NA shell directly. The GABAergic system may participate in the androgen-mediated enhancement of female rat sexual motivation.