bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why psychiatrists should watch films (or What has cinema ever done for psychiatry?)
Authors: Byrne Peter 
Published: June 2009

SummaryCinema is at once a powerful medium, art, entertainment, an industry and an instrument of social change; psychiatrists should neither ignore nor censor it. Representations of psychiatrists are mixed but psychiatric treatments are rarely portrayed positively. In this article, five rules of movie psychiatry are proposed, supported by over 370 films. Commercial and artistic pressures reduce verisimilitude in fictional and factual films, although many are useful to advance understanding of phenomenology, shared history and social contexts in psychiatry. Acknowledging some negative representations, three areas are explored where cinema gets it mostly right: addictions, bereavement and personality disorder. Although there are excellent representations of psychosis on film, film-makers have more often portrayed it violently – ultimately demonising people as psychokillers in more than 100 films cited. When people with mental illness are stigmatised through stereotypes, examining unwelcome depictions can uncover important truths. Psychiatrists' engagement with film will ensure professional and artistic gains.
Major depression: revisiting the concept and diagnosis
Authors: Jacob K. S. 
Published: June 2009

SummaryThe classification of depression has been debated for decades. The introduction of operational criteria and the category of major depression were significant advances in the 1970s. However, the validity of the major depression category is controversial. The article highlights the limitations of using severity criteria and cross-sectional evaluation to diagnose depression. It recommends the classic typologies (melancholia, dysthymia and adjustment disorder) for clinical presentations of depression, highlighting the need to use longitudinal clinical patterns and context for diagnosis. Major depression owes its success to its loose definition, to the subordinate status of adjustment disorders and dysthymia and to the mechanistic application of the diagnostic hierarchy and criteria. There is a need to focus more on the context of depression (stress, coping and support) and to reduce the medicalisation of distress.
Dementia in the acute hospital: prospective cohort study of
prevalence and mortality
Authors: Sampson Elizabeth L. , Blanchard Martin R. , Jones Louise , Tookman Adrian , King Michael 
Published: June 2009

BackgroundIncreasing numbers of people will die with dementia, many in the acute
hospital. It is often not perceived to be a life-limiting illness.AimsTo investigate the prevalence of dementia in older people undergoing
emergency medical admission and its effect on outcomes.MethodLongitudinal cohort study of 617 people (aged over 70). The main outcome
was mortality risk during admission.ResultsOf the cohort, 42.4% had dementia (only half diagnosed prior to
admission). In men aged 70–79, dementia prevalence was 16.4%, rising to
48.8% of those over 90. In women, 29.6% aged 70–79 had dementia, rising
to 75.0% aged over 90. Urinary tract infection or pneumonia was the
principal cause of admission in 41.3% of the people with dementia. These
individuals had markedly higher mortality; 24.0% of those with severe
cognitive impairment died during admission (adjusted mortality risk 4.02,
95% CI 2.24–7.36).ConclusionsThe rising prevalence of dementia will have an impact on acute hospitals.
Extra resources will be required for intermediate and palliative care and
mental health liaison services.
Local implementation of the crisis model: the Buckinghamshire community acute service
Authors: Allen Danny , Blaylock Wendy , Mieczkowski Stefan 
Published: June 2009

Aims and MethodBuckinghamshire crisis and home treatment team was struggling to meet its commissioned care episodes and found itself detached from community mental health teams (CMHTs) and acute day hospitals. An operations management consultant, using ‘lean’ principles developed in industry, worked alongside staff to redesign the service.ResultsImprovements in staff capacity and ability contributed to more care episodes and reduced ward-stay times, compensating for the impact of a ward closure. Re-examination of individuals needs through case-review led to the development of ‘patient typing’, facilitating clear care pathways according to need. Finally, two proven modalities of community-based service were fused together.Clinical ImplicationsPlacing value to patients, carers and referrers ahead of old demarcations and practices has enabled a more flexible and responsive service to develop and grow.
NHS links: achievements of a scheme between one London mental health trust and Uganda
Authors: Baillie Dave , Boardman Jed , Onen Tom , Hall Cerdic , Gedde Maia , Parry Eldryd 
Published: June 2009

SummaryThis paper describes a link between a mental health trust (the East London Foundation Trust (ELFT)) in the UK and mental health services in Uganda which has developed since 2004. the aim of the link was to help support the development of mental health services in Uganda by establishing an educational partnership. During the first 3 years, nine staff from ELFT and nine staff from Butabika, from a variety of disciplines, have made short-term exchange visits. Evaluation of the link has demonstrated that benefits have been experienced in both London and Uganda. Such links can provide one way of strategically supporting and strengthening existing health services in low- and middle-income countries.
Substance use disorders and psychological trauma
Authors: Shora Shaheen , Stone Elizabeth , Fletcher Keron 
Published: June 2009

Aims and MethodThe Impact of Events Scale was administered to 104 in-patients detoxing from alcohol or opiates to determine the prevalence of psychological trauma, the severity of its symptoms and the types of trauma responsible for symptoms.ResultsOut of the 104 in-patients undergoing detoxification, 75 had symptoms of psychological trauma; in 60 patients the symptoms were in the treatable range. Patients with alcohol-dependence were more severely affected. ‘Life events’ traumatised a higher proportion of individuals than ‘traumatic events’.Clinical ImplicationsPsychological trauma requiring treatment is commonly found in substance misusers. This is rarely addressed despite the cormorbid disorder running a complicated clinical course. There are conflicting opinions about best practice, but consideration should be given to providing patients with accessible treatments for psychological trauma.
Beyond consultation: the challenge of working with user/survivor and carer groups
Authors: Bracken Pat , Thomas Phil 
Published: June 2009

SummaryRecent years have seen increased pressures on psychiatrists to work closely with user/survivor and carer groups. We argue that although many groups are happy for this to remain at the level of consultation, there are growing demands from more radical elements of the user/survivor movement for moves towards a more collaborative framework. A number of these groups challenge some of the central assumptions of psychiatry. for productive engagement and collaboration to take place, psychiatry will have to be able to react positively, not defensively, to these challenges. We suggest that this raises questions about how we should think about the nature of science, truth and expertise.
Is research just an optional extra in clinical psychiatry? Invited commentary on … Research as part of the career of a psychiatrist entering clinical practice
Authors: Tyrer Peter 
Published: June 2009

SummaryA reassessment of the reasons for psychiatrists being reluctant to do research is made. It is suggested that a combination of inspiration and scepticism is required to both be a good researcher as well as a good clinician. These are seldom to be found in one individual but usually can be found if the trainee is prepared to scour. the benefits of success are many, and a long and productive life in clinical practice is likely with a positive attitude to research, not just to keep up with developments in an informed way but to prevent the ossifying process of clinical dogmatism from developing.
Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy With or Without Chemotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Phase II Trial 0225
Authors: Lee Nancy , Harris Jonathan , Garden Adam S. , Straube William , Glisson Bonnie , Xia Ping , Bosch Walter , Morrison William H. , Quivey Jeanne , Thorstad Wade , Jones Christopher , Ang K. Kian 
Published: June 2009

Purpose To investigate the feasibility of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with or without chemotherapy, and to assess toxicities, failure patterns, and survivals in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Patients and Methods Radiation consisted of 70 Gy given to the planning target volumes of primary tumor plus any N+ disease and 59.4 Gy given to subclinical disease, delivered over 33 treatment days. Patients with stage T2b or greater or with N+ disease also received concurrent cisplatin (100 mg/m2) on days 1, 22, and 43 followed by adjuvant cisplatin (80 mg/m2) on day 1; fluorouracil (1,000 mg/m2/d) on days 1 through 4 administered every 4 weeks for three cycles. Tumor, clinical status, and acute/late toxicities were assessed. The primary objective was to test the transportability of IMRT to a multi-institutional setting. Results Between February 2003 and November 2005, 68 patients with stages I through IVB NPC (of which 93.8% were WHO types 2 and 3) were enrolled. Prescribed IMRT (target delineation) was given to 83.8%, whereas 64.9% received chemotherapy per protocol. The estimated 2-year local progression-free (PF), regional PF, locoregional PF, and distant metastasis–free rates were 92.6%, 90.8%, 89.3%, and 84.7%, respectively. The estimated 2-year PF and overall survivals were 72.7% and 80.2%, respectively. Acute grade 4 mucositis occurred in 4.4%, and the worst late grade 3 toxicities were as follows: esophagus, 4.7%; mucous membranes, 3.1%; and xerostomia, 3.1%. The rate of grade 2 xerostomia at 1 year from start of IMRT was 13.5%. Only two patients complained of grade 3 xerostomia, and none had grade 4 xerostomia. Conclusion It was feasible to transport IMRT with or without chemotherapy in the treatment of NPC to a multi-institutional setting with 90% LRPF rate reproducing excellent reports from single institutions. Minimal grade 3 and lack of grade 4 xerostomia were encouraging.
Postoperative Surveillance Recommendations for Early Stage Colon Cancer Based on Results From the Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy Trial
Authors: Tsikitis Vassiliki L. , Malireddy Kishore , Green Erin A. , Christensen Brent , Whelan Richard , Hyder Jace , Marcello Peter , Larach Sergio , Lauter David , Sargent Daniel J. , Nelson Heidi 
Published: June 2009

Purpose Intensive postoperative surveillance is associated with improved survival and recommended for patients with late stage (stage IIB and III) colon cancer. We hypothesized that stage I and IIA colon cancer patients would experience similar benefits. Patients and Methods Secondary analysis of data from the Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy trial was performed by analyzing results according to TNM stage; early (stage I and IIA, 537 patients) and late (stage IIB and III, 254 patients) stage disease. Five-year recurrence rates were higher in patients with late (35.7%) versus early stage disease (9.5%). Early and late stage salvage rates, recurrence patterns and methods of first detection were compared by χ2 test. Results Salvage rates for early- and late-stage disease patients with recurrence were the same (35.9% v 37%; P = .9, respectively). Median survival after second surgery after recurrence was 51.2 and 35.8 months for early- and late-stage patients, respectively. Single sites of first recurrence did not significantly differ between early and late stage, but multiple sites of recurrence occurred less often in early-stage patients (3.6% v 28.6%, for early v late, respectively; P < .001). Methods of first detection of recurrence were not significantly different: carcinoembryonic antigen (29.1% v 37.4%), computed tomography scan (23.6% v 26.4%), chest x-ray (7.3% v 12.1%), and colonoscopy (12.7% v 8.8%), for early versus late stage disease, respectively. Conclusion Patients with early-stage colon cancer have similar sites of recurrence, and receive similar benefit from postrecurrence therapy as late-stage patients; implementation of surveillance guidelines for early-stage patients is appropriate.
“Thief's Theme”
Authors: Ralph Michael 
Published: June 2009

Though voter theft is an American tradition as old as the right to vote, it has not yet become a key focus of scholarship in the field of political science. Thus, this line of inquiry might benefit from a position that is more critical and imaginative than the one professional political scientists tend to develop. This chapter uses hip-hop lyricism to measure how the concept of theft appears in the political philosophy of Malcolm X against the way this strategy for resource redistribution is discussed in the films The Departed and Scarface as a way to enrich political theory. If the concept of theft can be used to track deception in U.S. democracy, certain contemporary forms of lyrical and visual culture might enrich the academic study of politics, since they produce forms of “political distrust” that counteract the presumptions with which scholars in this disciplinary niche tend to proceed.
The looming threat of “theft” ironically reveals its own enchantment with democracy in that it suggests the U.S. system of electoral politics works perfectly well unless momentarily interrupted by rogue politicians, instead of framing duplicity as a problem that plagues this particular form of political representation at a fundamental level. Still, the idea of stolen democracy that surfaces in lyrical and visual culture illuminates a crucial challenge for political theory in its suggestion that, for the past few decades—but even more intensely during the past few elections—the U.S. government has been administered expressly, if not exclusively, by thieves and hustlers.
Direct Synthesis of Amino-substituted Aromatic Phosphonates via Palladium-catalyzed Coupling of Aromatic Mono- and Dibromides with Diethyl Phosphite
Authors: Bessmertnykh Alla , Douaihy Christiane Morkos , Guilard Roger 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
An efficient Pd-catalyzed carbon–phosphorus bond-forming route is described for the direct synthesis of diethyl arylphosphonates bearing amino and alkylamino groups on the aromatic ring.
Regulation of Interparticle Interaction of Metallic Nanoparticles Dispersible in Water: Dispersion, Controlled Assembly, and Formation of Particle Crystals
Authors: Kimura Keisaku 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Regulation of the lyophilicity and lyophobicity of a particle is very important for controlling interparticle interactions in solution. Through these interactions, we can precisely tune the formation of regular nanoparticle arrays and superlattices to create new materials. We demonstrate methods of controlling interparticle interactions that are effective for the formation of high-quality nanoparticle crystals. Unexpected electronic properties in high-quality superlattices were observed.
Chiral Ferromagnetic Chain of Copper(II)–Gadolinium(III) Complex
Authors: Hamamatsu Takefumi , Matsumoto Naohide , Re Nazzareno , Mrozinski Jerzy 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
A chiral one-dimensional copper(II)–gadolinium(III) complex [CuIILdpen(1S2S)GdIII(thd)2]n (H3Ldpen(1S2S) = (1S,2S)-1,2-diphenyl-1-(2-hydroxybenzamido)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)ethane, Hthd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione) was synthesized, where CuII and GdIII ions are alternately arrayed to form a ferromagnetic chain.
Electrochemical Atrazine Detection Using Au(111) Electrode Modified with Self-assembled Monolayer of Mercaptoquinone
Authors: Umezawa Noriko , Tsurunari Moe , Kondo Toshihiro 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of mercaptohydroquinone (MHQ) were constructed on a Au(111) surface. Redox charge due to hydroquinone/benzoquinone reaction of the MHQ SAM modified Au(111) electrodes was dependent on the concentration of atrazine contained in an electrolyte solution, indicating that the MHQ SAM modified Au(111) electrode functioned as an atrazine sensor.
Synthesis of Snowball Flower-like Ni Nanoparticles by Negatively Charged Micelles
Authors: Mandal Madhuri , Mandal Kalyan 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Snowball-like nanoflowers of Ni have been synthesized directed by negatively-charged micelles. Positively-charged or neutral micelles can not evolve such structure. Initially, negatively-charged micelles incorporate the positively-charged Ni-ion onto its head group by electrostatic attraction and again further attraction of surfactant on the Ni+2 form a layer by layer structure and in a repetitive fashion the surfactant and positively-charged Ni salts form flower-like structure. By the reduction of Ni salts the Ni nanoflowers are formed. The sizes of nanoflowers are ca. 30 nm. The particles are superparamagnetic.
Luminescence and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of the Excited States of a UV Absorber, 2-Methylphenyl 2-Naphthoate
Authors: Kikuchi Azusa , Yagi Mikio 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Fluorescence, phosphorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra have been observed for the excited states of a new UV absorber, 2-methylphenyl 2-naphthoate (2-MPN), in ethanol at 77 K. The observed phosphorescence spectrum, phosphorescence lifetime, and zero-field splitting parameters of the lowest excited triplet (T1) state of 2-MPN revealed that the T1 state of 2-MPN can be regarded as a locally excited triplet state within naphthalene.
Titanium Carbide–Carbon Composite Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning Polyacrylonitrile
Authors: Zhu Pinwen , Hong Youliang , Liu Bingbing , Zou Guangtian 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Titanium carbide (TiC)–carbon composite nanofibers with average diameter 90 nm have been successfully produced by electrospinning the precursors, titanium isopropoxide (Ti(Oi-Pr)4) in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution, and then pyrolysis of the resulting nanofibers. TiC formed by the reaction of Ti precursors with carbon during carbonizing and distributed homogeneously in the produced composite nanofibers may be useful to enhance the mechanical properties expand applicability.
Silver-catalyzed Preparation of Oxazolidinones from Carbon Dioxide and Propargylic Amines
Authors: Yoshida Shunsuke , Fukui Kosuke , Kikuchi Satoshi , Yamada Tohru 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The silver-catalyzed carbon dioxide incorporation reaction into various propargylic amines proceeded under mild reaction conditions to obtain the corresponding oxazolidinone derivatives in high to excellent yields. The geometry of the C–C double bond in product was confirmed to be the Z isomer by X-ray analysis.
Serum 99th centile values for two heart-type fatty acid binding protein assays
Authors: Bathia D P , Carless D R , Viswanathan K , Hall A S , Barth J H 
Published: June 2009

Background We have previously demonstrated that heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) is an independent prognostic marker for survival after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aimed to define the 99th centile values for H-FABP as determined with two different assays, and to study the relationship with age, gender and renal function. Methods H-FABP was measured on redundant routine outpatient samples using the MARKIT-M (Dainippon) and the Evidence Investigator (Randox) assays. Results Two hundred and forty-two subjects with Siemens Ultra-TnI value <0.045 μg/L (99th centile) were studied. In all, 174 subjects had estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60 mL/min. The 99th centile values for subjects with eGFR >60 mL/min for the Evidence Investigator H-FABP were 5.3 and 5.8 μg/L and for the MARKIT-M H-FABP were 8.3 and 9.1 μg/L in female and male subjects, respectively. There is an increase in H-FABP with age in subjects with normal renal function for both assays. Gender comparison showed no significant difference for either assay. Comparison of samples showed that subjects with eGFR <60 mL/min showed a median increase of 0.71 μg/L with Evidence Investigator assay and 1.09 μg/L with MARKIT-M assay compared with subjects with eGFR >60 mL/min. Calibration differences were confirmed by cross measurement of calibrators and recombinant H-FABP. Conclusions We have defined the 99th centile values for H-FABP in a population of primary and secondary care outpatients that can be used to risk stratify patients with ACS. We have confirmed that H-FABP increases with renal dysfunction and age, but have not confirmed the gender difference previously reported.
Invitation Management Initiative to Improve Uptake of Breast Cancer Screening in an Urban Uk Primary Care Trust
Authors: Kearins Olive , Walton Jackie , O'sullivan Emma , Lawrence Gill 
Published: June 2009

Objectives In an attempt to improve breast cancer screening uptake and coverage, persistent non-offenders in the Heart of Birmingham Teaching Primary Care Trust were included in an invitation management initiative. Methods Persistent non-attenders were identified in routine screening lists. Phone contact was attempted or a home visit was made. If the case was not resolved, a second appointment was made and further phone calls and home visits were attempted. Results Of 548 persistent non-attenders identified, 228 (42%) declined screening, 171 (31%) attended, 72 (13%) had moved away or died, 11 (2%) were recently screened or under care for other conditions. Sixty-six cases (12%) remained unresolved. Fourteen women opted to be permanently withdrawn from the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP). Twenty-four women had a negative experience of breast cancer screening (defaulted, recalled for assessment, recalled for technical reasons). No malignancies were found. A total of 1375 phone calls and 230 home visits were attempted. Uptake would have been 62.2% if none of the persistent non-attenders included in the initiative had attended for screening. With the initiative, uptake of breast cancer screening was increased to 65.3%. Conclusions Phone calls and home visits resulted in only a moderate increase in breast cancer screening uptake. The initiative encouraged nervous attenders who were reassured about the screening process. However, more women declined screening than were screened and the initiative made it easier for women to request to be permanently withdrawn from the NHSBSP.