bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of RNA amplification by multiplex RT‐PCR and IgM detection by indirect and capture ELISAs for the diagnosis of measles and rubella
Authors: SANZ JUAN CARLOS , MOSQUERA MAR , RAMOS BELÉN , RAMÍREZ ROSA , DE ORY FERNANDO , ECHEVARRIA JUAN EMILIO 
Published: February 2010

Sanz JC, Mosquera M, Ramos B, Ramírez R, de Ory F, Echevarria JE. Assessment of RNA amplification by multiplex RT‐PCR and IgM detection by indirect and capture ELISAs for the diagnosis of measles and rubella. APMIS 2010; 118: 203–9.The aim of the study was to compare RNA amplification using multiplex RT‐PCR and IgM detection by means of indirect and capture ELISAs for the diagnosis of measles and rubella. A total of 229 cases of maculopapular rash with serum and throat swab samples were included. Specific serological IgM to measles and rubella was determined by Enzygnost® (Siemens) and PlateliaTM (Bio‐Rad). Both viruses were researched using multiplex RT‐PCR performed on throat samples. Criteria for inclusion of measles or rubella cases were a positive RT‐PCR result for one virus and negative for the other; and/or a positive IgM result for one virus by both ELISAs and negative RT‐PCR for the other virus. A total of 74 cases were classified as measles and 54 as rubella. In measles, sensitivity and specificity were 93.2% and 100% for RT‐PCR, 97.3% and 98.1% for Enzygnost®, and 90.5% and 95.5% for PlateliaTM. For rubella, these values were 42.6% and 100% for RT‐PCR, 100% and 97.1% for Enzygnost®, and 94.4% and 98.3% for PlateliaTM. Enzygnost® and PlateliaTM are useful techniques for detecting IgM against measles and rubella. RNA amplification by RT‐PCR was both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of measles; however, for rubella, the sensitivity of this technique must be improved.
Evaluation of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor expression in human benign and malignant thyroid lesions
Authors: GIAGINIS CONSTANTINOS , ZARROS APOSTOLOS , ALEXANDROU PARASKEVI , KLIJANIENKO JERZY , DELLADETSIMA IOANNA , THEOCHARIS STAMATIOS 
Published: February 2010

Giaginis C, Zarros A, Alexandrou P, Klijanienko J, Delladetsima I, Theocharis S. Evaluation of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor expression in human benign and malignant thyroid lesions. APMIS 2010; 118: 210–21.Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) expression on tumor cells is associated with sensitivity to adenoviral infection, being considered as a surrogate marker for monitoring and/or predicting adenovirus‐mediated gene therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of CAR expression in human benign and malignant thyroid lesions. CAR protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically on paraffin‐embedded thyroid tissues from 107 patients with benign and malignant lesions and was statistically analyzed in relation to histopathologic type; tumor size; lymph node metastasis; capsular, lymphatic and vessel invasion; as well as follicular cells’ proliferative capacity. CAR immunoreactivity was characterized as negative/weak in 53 (49.53%), moderate in 31 (28.97%) and strong in 23 (21.50%) of 107 thyroid cases. CAR immunoreactivity was significantly increased in malignant compared with that in benign thyroid lesions (p = 0.00002). Both malignant and benign thyroid lesions with enhanced follicular cells’ proliferative capacity showed significantly increased CAR immunoreactivity (p = 0.00027). In malignant thyroid lesions, enhanced CAR immunoreactivity was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p = 0.0067). The current data revealed that CAR immunoreactivity could be considered of diagnostic utility in thyroid neoplasia. Further research effort is warranted to delineate whether CAR could be considered clinically important for both diagnosis and future (gene) therapeutic applications in thyroid neoplasia.
Health‐related quality of life and its determinants in children and adolescents born with oesophageal atresia
Authors: Peetsold MG , Heij HA , Deurloo JA , Gemke RJBJ 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim:  Following surgical correction in the neonatal period, patients born with oesophageal atresia have significant co‐morbidity, particularly in childhood. This study evaluates health‐related quality of life and its determinants such as concomitant anomalies and the presence of respiratory and/or gastro‐intestinal symptoms 6–18 years after repair of oesophageal atresia.Methods:  Parents of 24 patients with oesophageal atresia completed the child health questionnaire for parents and 37 patients completed the child form. Gastro‐intestinal symptoms were assessed by a validated standardized reflux questionnaire. Results were compared with a healthy reference population.Results:  Parents as well as patients themselves scored significantly lower on the domain general health perception. According to parents, general health perception was negatively affected by age at follow‐up and concomitant anomalies. Patients reported that reflux symptoms reduced general health perception.Conclusion:  In this first study describing health‐related quality of life in children and adolescents born with oesophageal atresia, we demonstrated that general health remains impaired because of a high incidence of concomitant anomalies and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with oesophageal atresia when compared with the healthy reference population.
Pain in children with cerebral palsy: a cross‐sectional multicentre European study
Authors: Parkinson KN , Gibson L , Dickinson HO , Colver AF 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim: To determine the prevalence and associations of self‐reported and parent‐reported pain in children with cerebral palsy (CP) of all severities.Method: Cross‐sectional design using a questionnaire; analysis using ordinal regression. Children aged 8–12 years were randomly selected from population‐based registers of children with CP in eight European regions; a further region recruited 75 children from multiple sources. Outcome measures were pain in the previous week among children who could self‐report and parents’ perception of their child’s pain in the previous 4 weeks.Results: Data on pain were available from 490 children who could self‐report and parents of 806 children (those who could and could not self‐report). The estimated population prevalence of self‐reported pain in the previous week was 60% (95% CI: 54–65%) and that of parent‐reported pain in the previous 4 weeks was 73% (95% CI: 69–76%). In self‐reporting children, older children reported more pain but pain was not significantly associated with severity of impairment. In parent reports, severity of child impairment, seizures and parental unemployment were associated with more frequent and severe pain.Conclusion: Pain in children with CP is common. Clinicians should enquire about pain and consider appropriate physical, therapeutic or psychological management.
Respiratory viral infection in lower airways of asymptomatic children
Authors: Thavagnanam S , Christie SN , Doherty GM , Coyle PV , Shields MD , Heaney LG 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to determine if asthmatic children have viruses more commonly detected in lower airways during asymptomatic periods than normal children.Methods:  Fifty‐five asymptomatic children attending elective surgical procedures (14 with stable asthma, 41 normal controls) underwent non‐bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage. Differential cell count and PCR for 13 common viruses were performed.Results:  Nineteen (35%) children were positive for at least one virus, with adenovirus being most common. No differences in the proportion of viruses detected were seen between asthmatic and normal ‘control’ children. Viruses other than adenovirus were associated with higher neutrophil counts, suggesting that they caused an inflammatory response in both asthmatics and controls (median BAL neutrophil count, 6.9% for virus detected vs. 1.5% for virus not detected, p = 0.03).Conclusions:  Over one‐third of asymptomatic children have a detectable virus (most commonly adenovirus) in the lower airway; however, this was not more common in asthmatics. Viruses other than adenovirus were associated with elevated neutrophils suggesting that viral infection can be present during relatively asymptomatic periods in asthmatic children.
A search for galaxies in and around an HI overdense region at z = 5
Authors: Matsuda Y. , Richard J. , Smail Ian , Kashikawa N. , Shimasaku K. , Frye B. L. , Yamada T. , Nakamura Y. , Hayashino T. , Fujii T. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We present the discovery of a large-scale structure of emission-line galaxies at redshift z= 4.86 behind a massive cluster of galaxies, A1689. Previous spectroscopic observations of a galaxy, A1689−7.1 at z= 4.87, near this structure, revealed a possible overdense region of intergalactic medium (IGM) around the galaxy, which extends at least ∼80 comoving Mpc along the line of sight. In order to investigate whether this z∼ 5 IGM overdense region contains a galaxy overdensity, we undertook narrow- and broad-band imaging observations around A1689−7.1 with Subaru/Suprime-Cam. We detected 51 candidates as Lyα emitters at redshift z= 4.86 ± 0.03 in the 32 × 24 arcmin2 field of view. After correction for lensing by the foreground cluster, we found a large-scale (∼20 × 60 comoving Mpc) overdense region of galaxies around A1689−7.1 in the source plane at z= 4.86. The densest peak in this region has an overdensity of δ∼ 4, suggesting that this structure is probably a good candidate for a protocluster which may evolve into a massive cluster of galaxies in the present-day Universe. A1689−7.1 is located at the edge of this region, where the local galaxy density is ∼1.6 times the mean density and is close to the density contrast in the IGM along the line of sight to A1689−7.1 estimated from the optical depth. The overdensities of galaxies we have found may suggest that at least some parts of the IGM overdense region have already started to form galaxies and moreover they relate to the formation of a protocluster. Although we lack information on the three-dimensional distributions of both IGM and galaxy overdense regions, the similarity of the scales of both regions may suggest that the two are parts of a single large-scale structure, which would be an large edge-on sheet along the line of sight with a size of ∼20 × 60 × 80 comoving Mpc.
Induction of apoptosis by A3 adenosine receptor agonist N6‐(3‐iodobenzyl)‐adenosine‐5′‐N‐methylcarboxamide in human leukaemia cells: a possible involvement of intracellular mechanism
Authors: Mlejnek P. , Dolezel P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim:  The sensitivity of cancer cells which exhibit multi‐drug resistance phenotype to A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) agonist N6‐(3‐iodobenzyl)‐adenosine‐5′‐N‐methylcarboxamide (IB‐MECA) was studied.Methods:  To establish direct relationship between P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp, ABCB1 and MDR1) expression and IB‐MECA induced cell death, a straightforward method for precise estimation of intracellular level of this A3AR agonist was developed.Results:  We subjected three human leukaemia cell lines HL‐60, K562 and K562/HHT to treatment with micromolar concentrations of IB‐MECA. Although all cell lines used expressed A3AR, there was a large difference in their sensitivity to IB‐MECA. While HL‐60 and K562 cells were almost equally sensitive, the K562/HHT cells, which exhibit a multi‐drug resistance phenotype because of overexpression of P‐gp, were significantly more resistant. We found that the intracellular level of IB‐MECA in K562/HHT cells was approx. 10 times lower than those in HL‐60 or K562 cells. Inhibitors of P‐gp, including cyclosporine A (CsA) and verapamil (Vpa), increased the intracellular level of IB‐MECA and reversed the resistance of K562/HHT cells to this drug. Accordingly, shRNA‐mediated down‐regulation of P‐gp significantly increased the intracellular level of IB‐MECA in K562/HHT cells which simultaneously exhibited reduced resistance to this A3AR agonist. In addition, an in vitro enzyme‐based assay provided evidence that IB‐MECA might serve as a substrate for P‐gp.Conclusion:  Our results suggest that P‐gp overexpression prevents cells from IB‐MECA induced apoptosis despite the A3AR expression. Pro‐apoptotic effect of IB‐MECA seemed to strongly depend on its intracellular accumulation rather than on its interaction with A3AR.
Extracellular cAMP inhibits P2X3 receptors in rat sensory neurones through G protein‐mediated mechanism
Authors: Mamenko M. V. , Chizhmakov I. V. , Volkova T. M. , Verkhratsky A. , Krishtal O. A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim:  To identify the mechanisms of P2X3 receptor inhibition by extracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones.Methods:  Whole‐cell currents were measured in cultured DRG neurones using the combination of voltage and concentration clamp.Results:  We have found that extracellular cAMP inhibits P2X3‐mediated currents in a concentration‐ and use‐dependent manner. The P2X3 currents, activated by ATP applied every 4 min, were inhibited by 55% in the presence of 10 μm cAMP and by 81% in the presence of 30 μm cAMP. At 8 min interval between ATP applications the same concentration of cAMP did not alter the currents. Addition of 0.5 mm of guanosine 5′‐O‐(2‐thiodiphosphate) to intracellular solution blocked the inhibitory action of cAMP. The inhibitory effects of cAMP were not mimicked by extracellular application of 30 μm adenosine.Conclusions:  In this paper, we demonstrate, for the first time, that extracellular application of cAMP to rat sensory neurones inhibits P2X3 receptors via a G protein‐coupled mechanism in a use‐dependent manner, thus indicating the neuronal expression of specific plasmalemmal cAMP receptor.
Diadenosine tetraphosphate protects sympathetic terminals from 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced degeneration in the eye
Authors: Hoyle C. H. V. , Pintor J. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAims:  To examine diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) for its ability to protect the eye from neurodegeneration induced by subconjunctival application of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA).Methods:  Intraocular neurodegeneration of anterior structures was induced by subconjunctival injections of 6‐OHDA. Animals were pre‐treated with topical corneal applications of Ap4A or saline.Results:  6‐OHDA caused miosis, abnormal pupillary light reflexes, a precipitous drop in intraocular pressure and loss of VMAT2‐labelled (vesicle monoamine transporter‐2, a marker for sympathetic neurones) intraocular neurones. Pre‐treatment with Ap4A prevented all of these changes from being induced by 6‐OHDA, demonstrably preserving the sympathetic innervation of the ciliary processes. This neuroprotective action of Ap4A was not shared with the related compounds adenosine, ATP or diadenosine pentaphosphate. P2‐receptor antagonists showed that the effects of Ap4A were mediated via a P2‐receptor.Conclusion:  Ap4A is a natural component of tears and aqueous humour, and its neuroprotective effect indicates that one of its physiological roles is to maintain neurones within the eye. Ap4A can prevent the degeneration of intraocular nerves, and it is suggested that this compound may provide the basis for a therapeutic intervention aimed at preventing or ameliorating the development of glaucoma associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, subconjunctival application of 6‐OHDA provides a useful model for studying diseases that cause ocular sympathetic dysautonomia.
Estimation of endogenous adenosine activity at adenosine receptors in guinea‐pig ileum using a new pharmacological method
Authors: Nilsson K. F. , Grishina V. A. , Glaumann C. , Gustafsson L. E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim: Adenosine modulates neurotransmission and in the intestine adenosine is continuously released both from nerves and from smooth muscle. The main effect is modulation of contractile activity by inhibition of neurotransmitter release and by direct smooth muscle relaxation. Estimation of adenosine concentration at the receptors is difficult due to metabolic inactivation. We hypothesized that endogenous adenosine concentrations can be calculated by using adenosine receptor antagonist and agonist and dose ratio (DR) equations.Methods: Plexus‐containing guinea‐pig ileum longitudinal smooth muscle preparations were made to contract intermittently by electrical field stimulation in organ baths. Schild plot regressions were constructed with 2‐chloroadenosine (agonist) and 8‐(p‐sulfophenyl)theophylline (8‐PST; antagonist). In separate experiments the reversing or enhancing effect of 8‐PST and the inhibiting effect of 2‐chloroadenosine (CADO) were analysed in the absence or presence of an adenosine uptake inhibitor (dilazep), and nucleoside overflow was measured by HPLC.Results: Using the obtained DR, baseline adenosine concentration was calculated to 28 nmexpressed as CADO activity, which increased dose dependently after addition of 10−6 mdilazep to 150 nm(P < 0.05). HPLC measurements yielded a lower fractional increment (80%) in adenosine during dilazep, than found in the pharmacological determination (440%).Conclusion: Endogenous adenosine is an important modulator of intestinal neuro‐effector activity, operating in the linear part of the dose–response curve. Other adenosine‐like agonists might contribute to neuromodulation and the derived formulas can be used to calculate endogenous agonist activity, which is markedly affected by nucleoside uptake inhibition. The method described should be suitable for other endogenous signalling molecules in many biological systems.
Adenosine A3 receptors regulate heart rate, motor activity and body temperature
Authors: Yang J. N. , Wang Y. , Garcia‐Roves P. M. , Björnholm M. , Fredholm B. B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim:  To examine the phenotype of mice that lack the adenosine A3 receptor (A3R).Methods:  We examined the heart rate, body temperature and locomotion continuously by telemetry over several days. In addition, the effect of the adenosine analogue R‐N6‐phenylisopropyl‐adenosine (R‐PIA) was examined. We also examined heat production and food intake.Results:  We found that the marked diurnal variation in activity, heart rate and body temperature, with markedly higher values at night than during day time, was reduced in the A3R knock‐out mice. Surprisingly, the reduction in heart rate, activity and body temperature seen after injection of R‐PIA in wild type mice was virtually eliminated in the A3R knock‐out mice. The marked reduction in activity was associated with a decreased heat production, as expected. However, the A3R knock‐out mice, surprisingly, had a higher food intake but no difference in body weight compared to wild type mice.Conclusions:  The mice lacking adenosine A3 receptors exhibit a surprisingly clear phenotype with changes in diurnal rhythm and temperature regulation. Whether these effects are due to a physiological role of A3 receptors in these processes or whether they represent a role in development remains to be elucidated.
Nucleotides and epidermal growth factor induce parallel cytoskeletal rearrangements and migration in cultured adult murine neural stem cells
Authors: Grimm I. , Ullsperger S. N. , Zimmermann H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim:  The adult subventricular zone (SVZ) contains neural stem cells that generate neuroblasts migrating to the olfactory bulb (OB) and differentiating into interneurones. The molecular cues controlling essential functions within the neurogenesis pathway such as proliferation, short and long distance migration, functional integration and cell survival are poorly understood. We have previously shown that cultured adult neural stem cells express a considerable variety of nucleotide receptors and that nucleotides and epidermal growth factor (EGF) induce converging intracellular signalling pathways that carry potential for synergism in the control of neural stem cell proliferation and cell survival. Here we investigate the role of EGF and the nucleotides ATP, ADPβS and UTP in neural stem cell migration.Methods:  Neural stem cells were prepared from adult mice and subjected to adherent culture. Labelling of F‐actin was performed with tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate‐phalloidin. Images were processed for quantitative evaluation of fluorescence labelling. Agonist‐induced phosphorylation of AKT and focal adhesion kinase was analysed by quantitative Western blotting. Agonist‐dependent cell migration was assayed using 48‐well microchemotaxis chambers.Results:  Nucleotides and EGF induce the formation of stress fibres, an increase in the cortical actin cytoskeleton and in cell spreading. This is associated with increased phosphorylation of AKT and focal adhesion kinase. Using microchemotaxis chambers we demonstrate a parallel increase in cell migration.Conclusion:  Our results suggest that nucleotides and EGF acting as paracrine or autocrine signalling substances can be of relevance for structuring and maintaining the cytoarchitecture of the SVZ and the stream of neuroblasts migrating to the OB.
Efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine in children 6 months to 17 years of age
Authors: Belshe Robert B. , Toback Seth L. , Yi Tingting , Ambrose Christopher S. 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as: Belshe et al. (2010). Efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine in children 6 months to 17 years of age. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(3), 141–145.Background  It has been suggested that live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) may be less effective in older individuals because of prior wild‐type influenza infections. LAIV is currently approved in the United States, South Korea and Hong Kong for individuals 2–49 years of age.Objective  To examine data from previously published pediatric studies to determine the efficacy of LAIV in various age groups.Methods  Four studies in which the subject age range exceeded 36 months were identified: one 2‐year study comparing LAIV with placebo and three 1‐year studies comparing LAIV with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV). Efficacy against any strain regardless of antigenic similarity to vaccine was analyzed by age; age groups were based on the study design and sample size. A logistic regression model was used to assess whether age, as a continuous variable, was an effect modifier on LAIV efficacy.Results  The efficacy of LAIV did not vary with age in children aged 15–84 months compared with placebo or in children aged 6 months to 17 years compared with TIV.Conclusions  The available data from prospective, randomized studies in children does not support the concept that prior repeated exposure to influenza, either through wild‐type infection or vaccination with live, attenuated or inactivated vaccines, reduces the efficacy of LAIV compared with placebo or TIV. The decreased immunologic responses to LAIV reported in older individuals or those with pre‐existing immunity do not appear to translate into reduced protection from influenza in children.