bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoration of Anterior Glenoid Bone Defects in Posttraumatic Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability Using the J-Bone Graft Shows Anatomic Graft Remodeling
Authors: Moroder Philipp , Hirzinger Corinna , Lederer Stefan , Matis Nicholas , Hitzl Wolfgang , Tauber Mark , Resch Herbert , Auffarth Alexander 
Published: May 2012

Background: The J-bone graft technique has previously been reported for anatomic restoration of the bony glenoid surface in cases of posttraumatic recurrent anterior shoulder instability with significant glenoid bone loss. Purpose: To analyze the physiological remodeling process of the J-bone graft over time. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Thirty-one consecutive patients treated with anatomic glenoid restoration surgery using the J-bone graft for posttraumatic recurrent anterior shoulder instability with a significant bony glenoid defect were included in this study. Twenty patients received 3-dimensional computed tomography scans of the affected shoulder preoperatively, postoperatively, and at 1-year follow-up. On “en face” views of the glenoid, the change over time of the glenoid diameter, glenoid area, and glenoid defect size in relation to a best-fit circle indicating 100% was measured. Results: The average glenoid diameter increased from 81.0% preoperatively to 110.4% postoperatively ( P < .001). At 1-year follow-up, the diameter had decreased significantly to 100.6% ( P < .001), which is concordant to a theoretical perfect glenoid diameter of 100% ( P = .73). The average glenoid surface area increased from 80.8% preoperatively to 110.0% postoperatively ( P < .001). At 1-year follow-up, a decrease to 102.2% ( P < .005) was measured, which again is close to a theoretical perfect glenoid surface area of 100% ( P = .15). By applying the J-bone graft, the average missing surface area of the glenoid was reduced from 19.2% preoperatively to 3.9% postoperatively ( P < .001). At 1-year follow-up, an average of 3.6% was calculated, indicating no statistically significant change over time ( P = .90). Conclusion: Anatomic glenoid reconstructive surgery using the J-bone graft technique benefits from a physiological remodeling process, molding the bone graft closely into the original shape of an uninjured anterior glenoid rim. While parts of the graft lying inside the projected former surface area of the glenoid are preserved, the parts lying outside are resorbed over time, suggestive of strain-adapted graft remodeling.
Thermal and rheological characterization of antibacterial nanocomposites
Authors: Droval Guillaume , Aranberri Ibon , Germán Lorena , Ivanov Evgeni , Dimitrova Ekaterina , Kotsilkova Rumania , Verelst Marc , Dexpert-Ghys Jeannette 
Published: May 2012

In this study, the filler–matrix interactions are assessed in two nanocomposites having different antibacterial activity. The two polymers used as matrix are poly(amide) 6 (PA6) and low-density poly(ethylene) (LDPE). The filler, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, with a content as low as 1 w/w% in the polymers showed great antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. However, the bacterial slaying capability of composites was found better when ZnO was dispersed in PA6, where the efficiency is similar to pure ZnO particles. The dispersion of ZnO and its interactions with the matrix have been investigated by means of scanning electron microscope, rheology, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimeter. This study shows stronger interactions of ZnO particles with LDPE, which could have an effect on final antibacterial properties.
Synthesis of photonic crystal film by self-assembly of core/shell poly(styrene)/poly(styrene-co-butyl methacrylate) submicrospheres
Authors: Kuo Yu-Cheng , Lee Yu-Chun , Chen Hui 
Published: May 2012

Monodisperse core–shell poly(styrene) (poly(St))/poly(styrene- co-butyl methacrylate) spheres were fabricated from styrene (St) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) monomers by a two-step, soap-free emulsion polymerization process at the boiling point. The two-step process involves initial polymerization for a fixed period of time, followed by the addition of BMA monomer to generate the core–shell structure microsphere. Formation of the shell portion increased as the initial polymerization time period was decreased. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis showed that the core–shell microsphere exhibited glass transition temperatures ( Tgs), when the monomer conversion during the initial St polymerization step was higher than 40%. The Tgs of the core and shell occurred at 107°C and 41.9–56.7°C, respectively. These core–shell structure spheres were used to fabricate a colloidal crystal film, the photonic band gap of which could be shifted from 455–631 nm by employing core–shell spheres of various sizes. These films having photonic band gaps in the visible region were obtained by self-assembly of the core–shell spheres at 30, 50, and 80°C. The pencil hardness of the films prepared using the core–shell spheres could be increased from 5B to HB by increasing the preparation temperature, whereas the hardness of the film prepared using simple poly(St) spheres was lower than 6B.
Exsanguination of a home hemodialysis patient as a result of misconnected blood-lines during the wash back procedure: A case report
Authors: Allcock Kerryanne , Jagannathan Balaji , Hood Christopher J , Marshall Mark R 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
Home hemodialysis is common in New Zealand and associated with lower cost, improved survival and better patient experience. We present the case of a fully trained home hemodialysis patient who exsanguinated at home as a result of an incorrect wash back procedure.

Case presentation
The case involves a 67 year old male with a history of well controlled hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance. He commenced on peritoneal dialysis in 2006 following the development of end stage kidney failure secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. He transferred to hemodialysis due to peritoneal membrane failure in 2010, and successfully trained for home hemodialysis over a 20 week period. Following one month of uncomplicated dialysis at home, he was found deceased on his machine at home in the midst of dialysis. His death occurred during the wash back procedure performed using the “open circuit” method, and resulted from misconnection of the saline bag to the venous end of the extracorporeal blood circuit instead of the arterial end. This led to approximately 2.3L of his blood being pumped into the saline bag resulting in hypovolaemic shock and death from exsanguination.

Conclusions
Despite successful training, critical procedural errors can still be made by patients on home hemodialysis. In this case, the error involved misconnection of the saline bag for wash back. This case should prompt providers of home hemodialysis to review their training protocols and manuals. Manufacturers of dialysis machinery should be encouraged to design machines specifically for home hemodialysis, and consider distinguishing the arterial and venous ends of the extracorporeal blood circuit with colour coding or incompatible connectivity, to prevent occurrences such as these in the future.
Associations between retinol-binding protein 4 and cardiometabolic risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis in recently postmenopausal women: cross-sectional analyses from the KEEPS study
Authors: Huang Gary , Wang Dan , Khan Unab I , Zeb Irfan , Manson JoAnn E , Miller Virginia , Hodis Howard N , Budoff Matthew J , Merriam George R , Harman Mitchell S , Brinton Eliot A , Cedars Marcelle I , Su Yali , Lobo Rogerio A , Naftolin Frederick , Santoro Nanette , Taylor Hugh S , Wildman Rachel P 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
The published literature regarding the relationships between retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and cardiometabolic risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis is conflicting, likely due, in part, to limitations of frequently used RBP4 assays. Prior large studies have not utilized the gold-standard western blot analysis of RBP4 levels.

Methods
Full-length serum RBP4 levels were measured by western blot in 709 postmenopausal women screened for the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study. Cross-sectional analyses related RBP4 levels to cardiometabolic risk factors, carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), and coronary artery calcification (CAC).

Results
The mean age of women was 52.9 (± 2.6) years, and the median RBP4 level was 49.0 (interquartile range 36.9-61.5) μg/mL. Higher RBP4 levels were weakly associated with higher triglycerides (age, race, and smoking-adjusted partial Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.10; P = 0.01), but were unrelated to blood pressure, cholesterol, C-reactive protein, glucose, insulin, and CIMT levels (all partial Spearman correlation coefficients ≤0.06, P > 0.05). Results suggested a curvilinear association between RBP4 levels and CAC, with women in the bottom and upper quartiles of RBP4 having higher odds of CAC (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 2.10 [1.07-4.09], 2.00 [1.02-3.92], 1.64 [0.82-3.27] for the 1st, 3rd, and 4th RBP4 quartiles vs. the 2nd quartile). However, a squared RBP4 term in regression modeling was non-significant (P = 0.10).

Conclusions
In these healthy, recently postmenopausal women, higher RBP4 levels were weakly associated with elevations in triglycerides and with CAC, but not with other risk factors or CIMT. These data using the gold standard of RBP4 methodology only weakly support the possibility that perturbations in RBP4 homeostasis may be an additional risk factor for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00154180
The use of artificial neural networks in electrostatic force microscopy
Authors: Castellano-Hernández Elena , Rodríguez Francisco B , Serrano Eduardo , Varona Pablo , Sacha Gomez Monivas 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The use of electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) to characterize and manipulate surfaces at the nanoscale usually faces the problem of dealing with systems where several parameters are not known. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have demonstrated to be a very useful tool to tackle this type of problems. Here, we show that the use of ANNs allows us to quantitatively estimate magnitudes such as the dielectric constant of thin films. To improve thin film dielectric constant estimations in EFM, we first increase the accuracy of numerical simulations by replacing the standard minimization technique by a method based on ANN learning algorithms. Second, we use the improved numerical results to build a complete training set for a new ANN. The results obtained by the ANN suggest that accurate values for the thin film dielectric constant can only be estimated if the thin film thickness and sample dielectric constant are known.

PACS: 07.79.Lh; 07.05.Mh; 61.46.Fg.
Aufklärung der Aufklärung. Heideggers Spätphilosophie und die philosophische Theologie
Authors: Gutschmidt Rico 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Heidegger’s philosophy of being and enowning contains many religious topics, such as the last god, the divinities within his concept of the fourfold or his so called hölderlintheology. In this paper, these aspects shall be illuminated by relating the overall concern of Heidegger’s later philosophy to the tension between philosophy and theology: It will be argued that on the one hand his rejection of ontotheology is justified, since god is not a causally operating entity, and that on the other hand his concept of man being a part of an incomprehensible ongoing is not only an accurate criticism of reason in terms of a reflection on its limits, but also has a religious character, which can be seen as the starting point of an adequate and up to date philosophical theology. Against Heidegger’s exorbitant claim of uniqueness, his later philosophy can thus be placed in the context of traditional critique of religion and reason respectively.
Moral oder Ideologie im Nationalsozialismus?
Authors: Horster Detlef 
Published: May 2012

Zusammenfassung
Werner Konitzer und Raphael Gross (Hg .): Moralität des Bösen. Ethik und nationalsozialistische Verbrechen. Jahrbuch 2009 des Fritz Bauer Instituts zur Geschichte und Wirkung des Holocaust. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt/M. 2009, 269 S.
Raphael Gross: Anständig geblieben. Nationalsozialistische Moral. S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt/M. 2010, 278 S.
Hans Jörg Sandkühler (Hg .): Philosophie im Nationalsozialismus. Felix Meiner Verlag, Hamburg 2009, 344 S.
Wolfgang Bialas: Politischer Humanismus und Verspätete Nation. Helmuth Plessners Auseinandersetzung mit Deutschland und dem Nationalsozialismus. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2010, 295 S.
Ansätze zur strukturgebenden Begleitung kollaborativer Lernprozesse
Authors: Kienle Andrea 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Many studies report problems in the progress of collaborative learning processes that are caused by a missing guidance of the related communication process. This results in less focused collaborative learning processes that often end without a common group result. In this contribution two examples of structure-building guidance are presented in order to avoid these problems: navigable process models and the support of the role of a facilitator. For both approaches examples of technical implementation and the most important results of evaluation studies are presented.
Informelles, Ressourcen-basiertes Lernen
Authors: Rensing Christoph , Böhnstedt Doreen 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Resource-based Learning is a widely spread form of learning, especially in work life, with the necessity to gain knowledge and competencies based on a specific demand. Mostly, this form of learning is informal which manifests in the lack of integration in an institutionally shaped learning setting and a high level of self-regulation on the learner’s side. This article summarizes the challenges of informal, Resource-based Learning, focusing on learning with the help of internet resources, gives an overview of existing works which are addressing the affiliated challenges, and poses some further research questions.
Spielbasiertes Lernen
Authors: Martens Alke , Maciuszek Dennis 
Published: May 2012

Summary
In this article, the state of the art in game-based learning is described. Regarding the topic of the special issue of the i-com journal, the term game-based learning comprises the usage of computer programs in a scenario, where either single persons or a group interact with the program with the goal to learn something. Different realizations of game-based learning can be found related to the buzzwords virtual worlds, role play, and also simulations
Entdecken und Entwickeln von Praxiswissen mit PATONGO-Storm
Authors: Schümmer Till , Mühlpfordt Martin 
Published: May 2012

Summary
An important factor for individual and organizational learning is the identification and the sharing of practical experience. This article presents PATONGO-Storm, a process and an e-Learning tool for supporting workshops that initiate cross-organizational exchange of practical knowledge. The tool collects and relates experiences and challenges. Practitioners with related contributions are then brought into a discourse where they develop solutions for relevant challenges. The approach was validated in the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD) where it showed first positive effects.
Predicting the risk of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 for patients with commonly occurring endocrine tumors
Authors: de Laat Joanne M , Tham Emma , Pieterman Carolina R C , Vriens Menno R , Dorresteijn Johannes A N , Bots Michiel L , Nordenskjöld Magnus , van der Luijt Rob B , Valk Gerlof D 
Published: May 2012

ObjectiveEndocrine diseases that can be part of the rare inheritable syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) commonly occur in the general population. Patients at risk for MEN1, and consequently their families, must be identified to prevent morbidity through periodic screening for the detection and treatment of manifestations in an early stage. The aim of the study was to develop a model for predicting MEN1 in individual patients with sporadically occurring endocrine tumors.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsIn a nationwide study in The Netherlands, patients with sporadically occurring endocrine tumors in whom the referring physician suspected the MEN1 syndrome were identified between 1998 and 2011 (n=365). Logistic regression analysis with internal validation using bootstrapping and external validation with a cohort from Sweden was used.ResultsA MEN1 mutation was found in 15.9% of 365 patients. Recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT; odds ratio (OR) 162.40); nonrecurrent pHPT (OR 25.78); pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) and duodenal NETs (OR 17.94); pituitary tumor (OR 4.71); NET of stomach, thymus, or bronchus (OR 25.84); positive family history of NET (OR 4.53); and age (OR 0.96) predicted MEN1. The c-statistic of the prediction model was 0.86 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.81–0.90) in the derivation cohort and 0.77 (95% CI 0.66–0.88) in the validation cohort.ConclusionWith the prediction model, the risk of MEN1 can be calculated in patients suspected for MEN1 with sporadically occurring endocrine tumors.
An Interdisciplinary Initiative to Reduce Unplanned Extubations in Pediatric Critical Care Units
Authors: Kaufman Jon , Rannie Michael , Kahn Michael G. , Vitaska Matthew , Wathen Beth , Peyton Chris , Judd Jerrold , Quinby Zachary , da Cruz Eduardo M. , Dobyns Emily 
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Unplanned extubations in pediatric critical care units can result in increased mortality, morbidity, and length of stay. We sought to reduce the incidence of these events by reliably measuring occurrences and instituting a series of coordinated interdisciplinary interventions.

METHODS:
This was an internal review board–approved quality improvement project. Data were prospectively collected from the electronic medical record, and analyzed over 24 months (January 1, 2009–December 2010), and divided into 3 periods: baseline (9 months), intervention with multiple rapid improvement cycles (8 months), and postintervention (7 months). Interventions included standardization of endotracheal tube taping practices upon admission, improved patient handoffs, systematic review of unplanned events, reexamination of sedation practices, and promotion of transparency of performance measures.

RESULTS:
The PICU experienced 21 events in the 9 months before the initiative, 13 events over the 8-month intervention period, and 5 events in the 7-month postintervention period. The cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) experienced 11, 4, and 0 events, respectively. Mean event rates per 100 patient days for each interval were 0.80, 0.50, and 0.29 for the PICU and 0.74, 0.44, and 0 for the CICU. Monthly event rates for the CICU were significantly different by using the Kruskal-Wallis test (P &lt; .05) but not for the PICU (P = .36)

CONCLUSIONS:
Through accurate tracking, multiple practice changes, and promoting transparency of efforts and data, an interdisciplinary team reduced the number of unplanned extubations in both ICUs. This reduction has been sustained throughout the postintervention monitoring period.
Circulating and Urinary microRNAs in Kidney Disease
Authors: Lorenzen Johan M. , Thum Thomas 
Published: May 2012

Summary
microRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that control gene/protein expression through target messengerRNA degradation and/or inhibition of protein synthesis. An array of experimental studies has shown the importance of microRNAs for disease initiation/progression. microRNAs are generally considered to act as intracellular modulators of gene expression. However, first studies in the cancer and cardiovascular field have elucidated that microRNAs are remarkably stable in the extracellular compartment (e.g., in blood or urine). The detection and quantification of circulating microRNAs may, thus, represent a novel noninvasive tool to detect and monitor disease activity. In addition, there might be a potential biologic relevance of circulating microRNAs for cell/cell communication. The aim of the present article is to give an outline of recent work on circulating and urinary microRNAs as well as their potential paracrine activity in kidney disease.
Subclinical Cardiac Abnormalities and Kidney Function Decline
Authors: Park Meyeon , Shlipak Michael G. , Katz Ronit , Agarwal Subhashish , Ix Joachim H. , Hsu Chi-yuan , Peralta Carmen A. 
Published: May 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Clinical heart failure (HF) is associated with CKD and faster rates of kidney function decline. Whether subclinical abnormalities of cardiac structure are associated with faster kidney function decline is not known. The association between cardiac concentricity and kidney function decline was evaluated.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This is a longitudinal study of 3866 individuals from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000–2007) who were free of clinical cardiovascular disease, with an estimated GFR (eGFR) ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at baseline and 5 years of follow-up. Concentricity, a measurement of abnormal cardiac size, was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and evaluated as a continuous measurement and in quartiles. GFR was estimated by creatinine (eGFRcr) and cystatin C (eGFRcys). The association of concentricity with annual eGFR decline, incident CKD, and rapid kidney function decline (>5% per year) was investigated using linear mixed models as well as Poisson and logistic regression, respectively. Analyses adjusted for demographics, BP, diabetes, and inflammatory markers.

Results
Median decline was −0.8 (interquartile range, −3.1, −0.5) by eGFRcr. Compared with the lowest quartile of concentricity, persons in the highest quartile had an additional 21% (9%–32%) decline in mean eGFRcr in fully adjusted models. Concentricity was also associated with incident CKD and with rapid kidney function decline after adjustment.

Conclusions
Subclinical abnormalities in cardiac structure are associated with longitudinal kidney function decline independent of diabetes and hypertension. Future studies should examine mechanisms to explain these associations.
Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire
Authors: Palmer Biff F. , Glassock Richard J. , Bleyer Anthony J. 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Presentation of the Nephrology Quiz and Questionnaire has become an annual tradition at the meetings of the American Society of Nephrology. It is a very popular session judged by consistently large attendance. Members of the audience test their knowledge and judgment on a series of case-oriented questions prepared and discussed by experts. They can also compare their answers in real time using audience response devices with the answers of program directors of nephrology training programs in the United States through an Internet-based questionnaire. Topics presented here include fluid and electrolyte disorders, transplantation, and ESRD and dialysis. Cases representing each of these categories along with single best-answer questions were prepared by a panel of experts (the authors). The correct and incorrect answers then were briefly discussed after the audience responses and the results of the questionnaire were displayed. This article tries to recapitulate the session and reproduce its educational value for a larger audience—the readers of the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. Have fun.