bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of population based registers in psychiatric research
Authors: Allebeck P. 
Published: October 2009

Objective:  Much of the knowledge we now take for granted regarding major mental disorders such as schizophrenia, suicide and other disorders, would not exist without the use of population based registers. The use of population based registers in psychiatric epidemiology have enabled analyses of associations that otherwise would not have been possible to address.Method:  The use of registers in psychiatric research is described, exemplified, and discussed.Results:  Methodological and validity aspects depend to a large part on the type of register being considered. A classification is proposed of different types of registers, each one implying specific methodological issues. These can be addressed according to the dimensions coverage, attrition, representativity and validity. Specific methodological consideration has still to be taken in relation to each specific research question. Thus, special validity studies usually need to be performed when embarking on studies using population based registers.Conclusion:  With increasing burden of disease due to mental disorders worldwide, knowledge of the epidemiology of these disorders are of increasing interest. The Nordic countries have a strong history in this field of research, of great interest to the rest of the world. Universities and research funding agencies should recognize this valuable source of research capacity, and support fruitful continuation of a strong tradition.
Open flap debridement and guided tissue regeneration after 10 years in infrabony defects
Authors: Nickles Katrin , Ratka‐Krüger Petra , Neukranz Eric , Raetzke Peter , Eickholz Peter 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjective: Evaluation of the 10‐year results after open flap debridement (OFD) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy of infrabony defects in a randomized controlled clinical trial.Materials and Methods: In 16 periodontitis patients OFD or polylactide acetyltributyl citrate barriers (GTR; n=23) were assigned randomly to 44 infrabony defects. In a subgroup of 10 patients exhibiting 2 contra‐lateral defects each OFD and GTR was assigned to either side (split‐mouth). At baseline, 12, and 120 ± 12 months after surgery clinical parameters were obtained.Results: Fifteen patients (41 defects) were available at 120 months. Twelve and 120 ± 12 months after therapy both groups showed statistically significant (p<0.01) attachment gain (split‐mouth: OFD: 12 months: 3.60 ± 2.67 mm; 120 months: 3.65 ± 3.36 mm; GTR: 12 months: 3.50 ± 1.90 mm; 120 months: 2.85 ± 2.24 mm; parallel: OFD: 12 months: 3.47 ± 2.80 mm; 120 months: 3.41 ± 2.75 mm; GTR: 12 months: 3.67 ± 2.11 mm; 120 months: 2.89 ± 2.12 mm). From 12 to 120 months both groups experienced insignificant attachment changes, however, six teeth (two OFD, four GTR) were lost (all for prosthodontic reasons). The study failed to show statistically significant attachment gain differences between both groups after 120 months.Conclusions: Ten years after OFD and GTR in infrabony defects 35 of 41 teeth were still in place.
Does allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde in clothes treated with durable‐press chemical finishes exist in the USA?
Authors: De Groot Anton C , Maibach Howard I. 
Published: October 2009

Recent US studies have presented case series of patient with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) allegedly caused by formaldehyde in clothes treated with durable‐press chemical finishes (DPCF), which are known formaldehyde releasers. However, the amounts of formaldehyde released by modern DPCF are thought to be well below the levels previously estimated to be able to elicit ACD. The objectives of this review are (i) to investigate whether clothes sold in the USA may contain enough free formaldehyde to elicit ACD in previously sensitized individuals and (ii) to assess the validity of US reports on ACD from formaldehyde in DPCF treated clothes. Literature was examined using various resources.The threshold level for formaldehyde in clothes that may cause ACD in sensitized individuals is unknown; we present data suggesting that levels < 200 ppm will be safe for most patients and that textiles will rarely contain higher amounts. All US studies presenting patients with ACD from formaldehyde in clothes had some weaknesses and in no report was the diagnosis proven beyond doubt. Currently, there is no definite proof that textile ACD from formaldehyde in DPCF in the USA exists. Future research should be directed at establishing the elicitation threshold and the amounts of formaldehyde present in textiles.
Reactions to resin‐based dental materials in patients–type, time to onset, duration, and consequence of the reaction
Authors: Tillberg Anders , Stenberg Berndt , Berglund Anders 
Published: October 2009

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the types of side‐effects occurring and for how long they lasted in a group of patients with side‐effects assessed to be caused by resin‐based materials. Methods: A total of 618 reports were received by the Swedish National Register of Side‐Effects to Dental Materials, among which 36 were on patients with reactions assessed to be caused by resin‐based restorative materials. The group examined consisted of 25 women and 11 men, with a mean age of 47.8 ± 15.6 years. A follow‐up was done through a structured telephone interview. Results: The majority of symptoms were intra‐oral or a combination of intra‐oral and extra‐oral symptoms that appeared within the first 24 hr after treatment. The most common adverse effects reported were skin problems, oral ulcers, and burning mouth. Within less than a week, the reactions had disappeared in 50% of the patients. Conclusion: Immediate reactions to resin‐based materials were more prevalent than delayed allergic reactions, and the mechanism of the immediate reactions is probably non‐allergic in most cases. There is a need for developing provocation tests to verify the association between the reaction and the material, and also to identify the offending component.
Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of atypical fibroxanthoma with a special emphasis on potential diagnostic pitfalls: a review
Authors: Luzar Boštjan , Calonje Eduardo 
Published: October 2009

The present manuscript gives emphasis on recognizing different morphological variants of atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX), on validation of immunohistochemical markers and on discussing potential diagnostic pitfalls. Material and methods: Histological features analyzed in 66 AFXs were: ulceration, morphological variants, growth pattern, location in the skin and vascular/perineural invasion. The antibodies used were CK‐MNF116, CK‐AE1/AE3, S100, smooth muscle actin, desmin, CD31 and EMA. Results: The study included 59 males, 7 females, aged 55–95 years, mean 77 years. All developed on sun damaged skin. Ulceration was present in 50%. Morphological patterns were pleomorphic spindle and epithelioid cells (60.6%), predominantly spindle cells (19.7%), purely spindle‐cells (13.6%), and predominantly epithelioid cells (6.1%). Most were localized in the dermis (57.6%). An expansile (36.4%) rather than infiltrative (6.1%) growth into superficial subcutis was also noted. No vascular/perineural invasion was seen. Additional changes were hemorrhagic and pseudoangiomatous areas (24.2%), granular cell change (22.7%), keloid‐like areas (9.1%), myxoid change (7.6%), osteoclast‐like giant cells (6.1%) and clear cell change (4.6%). AFXs were consistently negative for S100, CK‐MNF116, CK‐AE1/AE3 and desmin. Focal positivity for SMA (45.2%), EMA (24.4%) and CD 31 (9.5%) was seen. Conclusions: A diagnosis of AFX is still made by exclusion of other malignant neoplasms with similar morphology. Immunohistochemistry plays a crucial role in this distinction, but can also be misleading. This study expands the spectrum of non‐vascular CD31 positive tumors.Luzar B, Calonje E. Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of atypical fibroxanthoma with a special emphasis on potential diagnostic pitfalls.
Changes in heathland vegetation under goat grazing: effects of breed and stocking rate
Authors: Celaya Rafael , Jáuregui Berta M. , Rosa García Rocío , Benavides Raquel , García Urcesino , Osoro Koldo 
Published: October 2009

AbstractQuestions: How are heathland vegetation dynamics affected by different goat grazing management?Location: Cantabrian heathlands in Illano, Asturias, northern Spain.Methods: During 4 years, vegetation dynamics (structural composition, canopy height and floristic diversity) were studied under three goat grazing treatments with three replicates: high stocking rate (11.7 goats ha−1) with a local Celtiberic breed, and high (15 goats ha−1) and low (6.7 goats ha−1) stocking rates with a commercial Cashmere breed.Results: The relative cover of woody plants, particularly heather species, decreased more while herbaceous cover increased more under local Celtiberic than under Cashmere breed grazing. Within Cashmere treatments, the cover and height of live shrubs decreased more and the herbaceous cover increased more under high than under low stocking rate. Redundancy analysis showed a significant effect of treatment × year interaction on floristic composition. Greater species richness was recorded under local goat grazing, but Shannon diversity index fell in the fourth year on these plots because of dominance by two grass species.Conclusions: Local Celtiberic goat grazing at such a high stocking rate (11.7 goats ha−1) hinders the development of sustainable systems on these heathlands, both in environmental and productive terms, owing to the limitations in soil fertility. Nevertheless, Celtiberic goats could be useful for controlling excessive shrub encroachment and reducing fire hazard. Cashmere goat grazing at high stocking rate promoted the highest Shannon diversity by generating a better balance between woody and herbaceous plants, while shrub dominance was not altered under the low stocking rate.
Continuing Medical Education: A Case of Mechanical Failure with Proximal Perforation at the Time of Revision Surgery (CME)
Authors: Zanoni Matteo , Henry Gerard D. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Background
Implantation of inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) is a well-established treatment for medically refractory erectile dysfunction with proven long-term reliability. However, if an IPP fails, the subsequent surgery to fix the IPP can be more difficult with higher risks of complications than the primary implantation.

Aims
To review and evaluate a case of a difficult IPP replacement surgery for ways to improve surgical techniques and outcomes.

Materials & Methods
Perform a case report of a difficult IPP replacement surgery in which the patient had proximal perforation of the tunica albuginea with a review of the pertinent literature.

Results
The rear tip sling is a successful way to repair proximal perforation of the tunica albuginea. Recent publications show new surgical techniques to lower infection rates in IPP revision surgery.

Discussion
The rear tip sling appears to have better outcomes than a synthetic windsock for repairs of proximal perforation of the tunica albuginea. Recent publications have shown that the revision washout decreases penile prosthesis infection rates in revision surgeries.

Conclusion
While revision surgery for IPPs have higher risks than primary implantation, newer surgical techniques are helping to reduce these risks.
Controversies in Sexual Medicine: Is Sex Just Fun? How Sexual Activity Improves Health
Authors: Jannini Emmanuele A. , Fisher William A. , Bitzer Johannes , McMahon Chris G. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
With nonscientific, religious, or magic arguments, sexual activity has been regarded in the past as dangerous to health. This opinion is now rejected, and intercourse is generally considered healthy. However, while some aspects of the equation “more sex equals more health” have been demonstrated, others still need robust data for confirmation.

Methods
Four scientists (an endocrinologist, a psychologist, a gynecologist, and a urologist) with expertise in the area of sexual medicine were asked to contribute with their opinions.

Main Outcome Measure
Expert opinion supported by currently available literature.

Results
Expert 1, who is Controversy’s section editor, demonstrates that sexual activity stimulates testosterone production. He infers that this physiological stimulus to androgenic production is one of the reasons why sexual activity improves general health. He is partially supported by the psychological findings in the couple having sex dissected by expert 2 and by the experimental evidences discussed by expert 3, who found that general benefits of sexual activity are not just for men. Expert 4 critically discusses contrasting findings so far published on the relationship between sexual activity and prostate cancer. He, in general agreement with the remainder of the faculty, stresses the need for more research on this entire topic.

Conclusion
Readers of The Journal of Sexual Medicine will judge if safe, satisfactory, and frequent sexual activity can be prescribed as a medicine in order to improve both general and sexual health of individuals and of the couples.
Search for memory and inspiral gravitational waves from supermassive binary black holes with pulsar timing arrays
Authors: Seto Naoki 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The merger of a supermassive binary black hole (SBBH) is one of the most extreme events in the universe with a huge amount of energy released by gravitational radiation. Although the characteristic gravitational wave (GW) frequency around the merger event is far higher than the nHz regime optimal for pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), non-linear GW memory might be a critical smoking gun of the merger event detectable with PTAs. In this Letter, basic aspects of this interesting observation are discussed for SBBHs, and the detection numbers of their memory and inspiral GWs are estimated for ongoing and planned PTAs. We find that the expected detection number would be smaller than unity for the two types of signals even with the Square Kilometre Array. We also provide various scaling relations that would be useful to study detection probabilities of GWs from individual SBBHs with PTAs.
Inferring the dynamics of stellar streams via distance gradients
Authors: Jin Shoko , Martin Nicolas F. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
We present a simple result in which the distance gradient along a stream can be used to derive the transverse velocity (i.e. proper motion) along it, if the line-of-sight velocity is also known. We show its application to a mock orbit to illustrate its validity and usage. For less extended objects, such as globular clusters and satellite galaxies being tidally disrupted, the same result can be applied in its small-angle approximation. The procedure does not rely on energy or angular momentum conservation and hence does not require a Galactic model in order to deduce the local velocity vector of the stream.
Effects of aerobic fitness on hypohydration‐induced physiological strain and exercise impairment
Authors: Merry T. L. , Ainslie P. N. , Cotter J. D. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim:  Hypohydration exacerbates cardiovascular and thermal strain and can impair exercise capacity in temperate and warm conditions. Yet, athletes often dehydrate in exercise, are hypervolaemic and have less cardiovascular sensitivity to acute hypervolaemia. We tested the hypothesis that trained individuals have less cardiovascular, thermoregulatory and performance affect of hypohydration during exercise.Methods:  After familiarization, six trained [O2 peak = 64 (SD 8) mL kg−1 min−1] and six untrained [O2 peak = 45 (4) mL kg−1 min−1] males cycled 40 min at 70%O2 peak while euhydrated or hypohydrated by 1.5–2.0% body mass (crossover design), before a 40‐min work trial with euhydration or ad libitum drinking (in Hypohydration trial), in temperate conditions (24.3 °C, RH 50%, va = 4.5 m s−1). Baseline hydration was by complete or partial rehydration from exercise+heat stress the previous evening.Results:  During constant workload, heart rate and its drift were increased in Hypohydration compared with Euhydration for Untrained [drift: 33 (11) vs. 24 beats min−1 h−1 (10), 95% CI 5–11] but not Trained [14 (3) vs. 13 beats min−1 h−1 (3), CI −2 to 3; P = 0.01 vs. Untrained]. Similarly, rectal temperature drift was faster in Hypohydration for Untrained only [by 0.57 °C h−1 (0.25); P = 0.03 vs. Trained], concomitant with their reduced sweat rate (P = 0.05) and its relation to plasma osmolality (P = 0.03). Performance power tended to be reduced for Untrained (−13%, CI −35 to 2) and Trained (−7%, CI: −16 to 1), without an effect of fitness (P = 0.38).Conclusion:  Mild hypohydration exacerbated cardiovascular and thermoregulatory strain and tended to impair endurance performance, but aerobic fitness attenuated the physiological effects.
Hypermethylation and Transcriptional Downregulation of the TIMP3 Gene is Associated with Allelic Loss on 22q12.3 and Malignancy in Meningiomas
Authors: Barski Dimitri , Wolter Marietta , Reifenberger Guido , Riemenschneider Markus J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe gene for the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) on 22q12.3 had been reported to be inactivated by promoter methylation in various types of cancers, with controversial findings in meningiomas. We performed direct sodium bisulfite sequencing in a series of 50 meningiomas, including 27 benign meningiomas [World Health Organization (WHO) grade I], 11 atypical meningiomas (WHO grade II) and 12 anaplastic meningiomas (WHO grade III), and found hypermethylation of TIMP3 in 67% of anaplastic meningiomas, but only 22% of atypical and 17% of benign meningiomas. Moreover, TIMP3 methylation scores were significantly inversely correlated with TIMP3 mRNA expression levels (P = 0.0123), and treatment of the meningioma cell line Ben‐Men‐1 with demethylating agents induced an increased TIMP3 mRNA expression. TIMP3 is located in the chromosomal band 22q12, the allelic loss of which occurs early in meningioma tumorigenesis and preferentially targets the NF2 tumor suppressor gene. In our tumor panel, all meningiomas with TIMP3 hypermethylation—except for a single case—exhibited allelic losses on 22q12.3. Thus, TIMP3 inactivation by methylation seems fairly exclusive to meningiomas with allelic losses on 22q12 but—in contrast to NF2 mutation—appears to be involved in meningioma progression as it is associated with a more aggressive, high‐grade meningioma phenotype.
From Research to Public Policy: An Essential Extension of the Translation Research Agenda
Authors: Mirvis David M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractResearch translation typically includes translation from basic science into clinical research and from clinical research into everyday clinical practice. In this essay, we propose a greater emphasis on applying research findings, both basic and clinical, into effective public policies that promote health. Research can have important influences on policy by providing a scholarly basis for action research, and translation science units within academic health centers are in powerful positions to build bridges between the research and policy making communities to promote the development of evidence based policy. The results will benefit the researcher and the decision maker, as well as the research itself.
Targeted Disruption of KATP Channels Aggravates Cardiac Toxicity in Cocaine Abuse
Authors: Reyes Santiago , Kane Garvan C. , Zingman Leonid V. , Yamada Satsuki , Terzic Andre 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCocaine is the most frequently used illicit drug among individuals seeking emergency‐room care, with fatal outcome most often attributable to the cardiovascular manifestations of drug abuse. While the symptomatic presentations of cocaine toxicity are increasingly understood, the molecular determinants that define outcome remain largely unknown. Here, we report that the susceptibility to cocaine‐induced cardiotoxicity is genetically regulated. Targeted deletion of the KCNJ11‐encoded Kir6.2 pore‐forming subunit of sarcolemmal KATP channels resulted in amplified vulnerability to the toxic effects of chronic cocaine abuse. Under the hyperadrenergic stress, imposed by daily 3‐week‐long intraperitoneal administration of 30 mg/kg cocaine in Kir6.2‐knockout mice, failure to maintain cardiac homeostasis translated into decreased exercise tolerance revealed by poor treadmill stress performance, and dilated hypokinetic left hearts with aggravated cellular hypertrophy and pathognomonic characteristics of chronic cocaine‐induced cardiac toxicity. This study therefore reveals a previously unrecognized role of Kir6.2‐encoded KATP channels in determining cardiovascular outcome in chronic cocaine abuse, identifying a novel molecular determinant of cocaine cardiotoxicity.
Meta‐analysis: A Brief Introduction
Authors: Andrel Jocelyn A. , Keith Scott W. , Leiby Benjamin E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMeta‐analysis is the process of combining data from multiple sources and analyzing it together to increase power and provide a clearer picture of the effect of intervention or exposure on an outcome. The process is not complicated, but requires a great deal of attention to detail. A specific set of inclusion criteria for studies must be defined. Published or available study results may be affected by publication bias of several different types, so the researcher should be sure to conduct a thorough search of available databases in order to include unpublished findings. Following selection, the group of studies should be examined using funnel plots or statistical tests. Meta‐analysis models themselves must be selected to properly reflect the combined studies. Both fixed‐ and random‐effects modeling are discussed. Two case studies are presented, illustrating a well‐conducted meta‐analysis and a meta‐analysis that was more controversial.
Quality of Reporting of Clinical Trials of Dogs and Cats and Associations with Treatment Effects
Authors: Sargeant J.M. , Thompson A. , Valcour J. , Elgie R. , Saint‐Onge J. , Marcynuk P. , Snedeker K. 
Published: October 2009

Background: To address concerns about the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials, and the potential for biased treatment effects in poorly reported trials, medical journals have adopted a common set of reporting guidelines, the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement, to improve the reporting of randomized controlled trials.Hypothesis: The reporting of clinical trials involving dogs and cats might not be ideal, and this might be associated with biased treatment effects.Animals: Dogs and cats used in 100 randomly selected reports of clinical trials.Methods: Data related to methodological quality and completeness of reporting were extracted from each trial. Associations between reporting of trial features and the proportion of positive treatment effects within trials were evaluated by generalized linear models.Results: There were substantive deficiencies in reporting of key trial features. An increased proportion of positive treatment effects within a trial was associated with not reporting: the method used to generate the random allocation sequence (P < .001), the use of double blinding (P < .001), the inclusion criteria for study subjects (P= .003), baseline differences between treatment groups (P= .006), the measurement used for all outcomes (P= .002), and possible study limitations (P= .03).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Many clinical trials involving dogs and cats in the literature do not report details related to methodological quality and aspects necessary to evaluate external validity. There is some evidence that these deficiencies are associated with treatment effects. There is a need to improve reporting of clinical trials, and guidelines, such as the CONSORT statement, can provide a valuable tool for meeting this need.