bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endocrine Disruption of Brain Sexual Differentiation by Developmental PCB Exposure
Authors: Dickerson Sarah M. , Cunningham Stephanie L. , Patisaul Heather B. , Woller Michael J. , Gore Andrea C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn mammals, sexual differentiation of the hypothalamus occurs during prenatal and early postnatal development due in large part to sex differences in hormones. These early organizational processes are critically important for the attainment and maintenance of adult reproductive functions. We tested the hypothesis that perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) that disrupt hormonal pathways would perturb reproductive maturation and the sexually dimorphic development of neuroendocrine systems in the preoptic area (POA). Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected on gestational d 16 and 18 with vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide), Aroclor 1221 (A1221, an estrogenic PCB mix), a reconstituted PCB mixture representing those highest in human body burden (PCBs 138, 153, 180), or estradiol benzoate, an estrogenic control. Male and female pups were monitored for somatic and reproductive development. In adulthood, some rats were perfused and used for immunohistochemistry of estrogen receptor α, kisspeptin, and coexpression of Fos in GnRH neurons. Other rats were used to obtain fresh-frozen POA dissections for use in a PCR-based 48-gene expression array. Pubertal onset was advanced and estrous cyclicity irregular in endocrine-disrupted females. Furthermore, sexual differentiation of female neuroendocrine systems was masculinized/defeminized. Specifically, in the adult female anteroventral periventricular nucleus, estrogen receptor α-cell numbers and kisspeptin fiber density were significantly decreased, as was GnRH-Fos coexpression. PCR analysis identified androgen receptor, IGF-I, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit NR2b, and TGFβ1 mRNAs as significantly down-regulated in endocrine-disrupted female POAs. These data suggest that developmental PCBs profoundly impair the sexual differentiation of the female hypothalamus.
Modeling Human Endometrial Decidualization from the Interaction between Proteome and Secretome
Authors: Garrido-Gomez Tamara , Dominguez Francisco , Lopez Juan Antonio , Camafeita Emilio , Quiñonero Alicia , Martinez-Conejero Jose Antonio , Pellicer Antonio , Conesa Ana , Simón Carlos 
Published: December 2010

Context:
Decidualization of the human endometrium, which involves morphological and biochemical modifications of the endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), is a prerequisite for adequate trophoblast invasion and placenta formation.

Objective:
This study aims to investigate the proteome and secretome of in vitro decidualized ESCs. These data were combined with published genomic information and integrated to model the human decidualization interactome.

Design:
Prospective experimental case–control study.

Setting:
A private research foundation.

Patients:
Sixteen healthy volunteer ovum donors.

Intervention:
Endometrial samples were obtained, and ESCs were isolated and decidualized in vitro.

Main Outcome Measures:
Two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Western blot, human protein cytokine array, ELISA, and bioinformatics analysis were performed.

Results:
The proteomic analysis revealed 60 differentially expressed proteins (36 over- and 24 underexpressed) in decidualized versus control ESCs, including known decidualization markers (cathepsin B) and new biomarkers (transglutaminase 2, peroxiredoxin 4, and the ACTB protein). In the secretomic analysis, a total of 13 secreted proteins (11 up- and 2 down-regulated) were identified, including well-recognized markers (IGF binding protein-1 and prolactin) and novel ones (myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor-1 and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1). These proteome/secretome profiles have been integrated into a decidualization interactome model.

Conclusions:
Proteomic and secretomic have been used as hypothesis-free approaches together with complex bioinformatics to model the human decidual interactome for the first time. We confirm previous knowledge, describe new molecules, and we have built up a model for human in vitro decidualization as invaluable tool for the diagnosis, therapy, and interpretation of biological phenomena.
A High-Fat Diet Elicits Differential Responses in Genes Coordinating Oxidative Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle of Lean and Obese Individuals
Authors: Boyle K. E. , Canham J. P. , Consitt L. A. , Zheng D. , Koves T. R. , Gavin T. P. , Holbert D. , Neufer P. D. , Ilkayeva O. , Muoio D. M. , Houmard J. A. 
Published: December 2010

Context:
In lean individuals, increasing dietary lipid can elicit an increase in whole body lipid oxidation; however, with obesity the capacity to respond to changes in substrate availability appears to be compromised.

Objective:
To determine whether the responses of genes regulating lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle differed between lean and insulin resistant obese humans upon exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD).

Design and Setting:
A 5-d prospective study conducted in the research unit of an academic center.

Participants:
Healthy, lean (n = 12; body mass index = 22.1 ± 0.6 kg/m2), and obese (n=10; body mass index = 39.6 ± 1.7 kg/m2) males and females, between ages 18 and 30.

Intervention:
Participants were studied before and after a 5-d HFD (65% fat).

Main Outcome Measures:
Skeletal muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained in the fasted and fed states before and after the HFD and mRNA content for genes involved with lipid oxidation determined. Skeletal muscle acylcarnitine content was determined in the fed states before and after the HFD.

Results:
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α mRNA content increased in lean, but not obese, subjects after a single high-fat meal. From Pre- to Post-HFD, mRNA content exhibited a body size × HFD interaction, where the lean individuals increased while the obese individuals decreased mRNA content for pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4, uncoupling protein 3, PPARα, and PPARγ coactivator-1α (P ≤ 0.05). In the obese subjects medium-chain acylcarnitine species tended to accumulate, whereas no change or a reduction was evident in the lean individuals.

Conclusions:
These findings indicate a differential response to a lipid stimulus in the skeletal muscle of lean and insulin resistant obese humans.
Channel Stuffing with Short-Term Interest in Market Value
Authors: Lai Guoming , Debo Laurens , Nan Lin 
Published: December 2010

We study how a manager's short-term interest in the firm's market value may motivate channel stuffing: shipping excess inventory to the downstream channel. Channel stuffing allows a manager to report sales in excess of demand in order to influence investors' valuation of the firm. We apply an inventory model that highlights the potential role of inventory in the manager's channel stuffing and the investors' valuation strategies. Sales in our model are constrained by available inventory. Our model yields a semiseparating and semipooling equilibrium contingent on the initial inventory level: When the demand is lower than a threshold that depends on and is below the initial inventory level, the manager pads sales by a part of the excess inventory and releases the inflated sales report. The investors “correct” the reported sales and are able to infer perfectly the firm's value. When the demand reaches or exceeds this threshold, the manager pads any excess inventory to the sales and reports the initial inventory is sold out, which censors large demand realizations. Then the investors only infer the real demand is no less than the threshold and value the firm accordingly by expectation. Channel stuffing can influence the inventory decision, too. We find both over- and underinvestment in the initial inventory can arise in our model. We discuss empirical and managerial implications of our findings. This paper was accepted by Paul H. Zipkin, operations and supply chain management.
The Impact of Founders' Professional-Education Background on the Adoption of Open Science by For-Profit Biotechnology Firms
Authors: Ding Waverly W. 
Published: December 2010

This paper investigates the effect of founders' professional-education background on the adoption of an open-science technology strategy, using a sample of 512 young biotechnology firms. After controlling for founders' prior work experience and other organizational and environmental factors, I find that firms with proportionally more Ph.D.-holding entrepreneurs on the founding team have a higher probability of adopting open science. In addition, founders' educational background can mitigate the constraint of organizational environments on strategy. A crowded technological niche provides a more challenging environment for firms to implement open science, due to higher scooping risks. The deterrent effect, however, of such a high-risk environment is smaller among firms founded by proportionally more Ph.D.-holding entrepreneurs. There is also some evidence of a stronger effect of founders' educational background on open science in an institutional environment in which open science has yet to become the industry norm. This finding is consistent with and complements the growing body of research that emphasizes the importance of entrepreneurial background in developing knowledge about new-venture strategy and structure. This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations.
Parental Satisfaction with Children's Primary Dental Care in Valencia, Spain
Authors: Llena Carmen , Clemente Gonzalo , Forner Leopoldo 
Published: December 2010

Aim To evaluate parents’ satisfaction with the dental care that their children received in a primary dental care unit in Valencia, Spain. Methods A cross-sectional study was designed. Parents were given a self-administered questionnaire with questions on accessibility, information received from the dentist and hygienist, staff interest in their child, dentist's and hygienist's apparent professional competence, handling of the child's behaviour, cleanliness of the office (surgery), overall parent satisfaction, parent's and child's age, and parental educational level. The chi-square test was used to assess overall parental satisfaction and the other study variables. For the multivariant study, CHAID (CHi-square Automatic Interaction Detection) analysis was used. Results Out of a possible 400 respondents, 389 completed the questionnaire, of whom 384 completed it in full. The variables significantly associated with overall parental satisfaction were waiting time before the consultation, cleanliness of the surgery, the manner in which appointments were made, staff attitude with regard to helping, listening and understanding, the dentist's and hygienist's professionalism, handling of the child's behaviour, and information given by the dentist and hygienist. In logistic regression, the aspects that significantly explained parental satisfaction were the professionals’ apparent competence, the information given by the dentist, staff interest in their child, and the handling of the child's behaviour. Conclusion The parents who took part in this study were satisfied with the care that their children received, mainly with aspects related to professional competence and information provided.
Factors that Dentists use to Decide Whether or Not to Render a Patient Edentulous
Authors: Pearce Mark , Gedling Catherine , Whittle Gary , Robinson Janet , Whitehead Hilary 
Published: December 2010

Aims To investigate the factors that dentists use to decide whether or not to make a patient edentulous. Method A previous qualitative investigation identified factors that dentists would consider when making a patient edentulous. Using this information, a questionnaire was created and sent to all dentists practising in East Lancashire, asking them whether these factors would make them more or less likely to extract all remaining teeth for a patient. Results 123 usable questionnaires were returned from 187 dentists, a response rate of 67%. Dentists felt that clinical factors such as poor periodontal health and active decay were more likely to make them extract all remaining teeth. They were also concerned about retention and were keen to retain strategic teeth. Apart from their acknowledgment of the need to comply with the patient's wish to keep his or her teeth, the dentists had a neutral opinion of other factors such as poor health or their personal attitude to treatment. On average, respondents were rendering just over three patients per year edentulous. Conclusion In this group of dentists, the key clinical factors that were considered when they decided whether or not to render a patient edentulous were periodontal disease, caries, and the attitude of the patient to tooth loss. Relatively few patients were rendered edentulous each year and if this pattern is common elsewhere in the United Kingdom, it may lead to a lack of skills within the dental workforce in managing patients’ transition from dentate to edentulous.
CIM-EARTH: Framework and Case Study
Authors: Elliott Joshua , Foster Ian , Judd Kenneth , Moyer Elisabeth , Munson Todd 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
General equilibrium models have been used for decades to obtain insights into the economic implications of policies and decisions. Despite successes, however, these economic models have substantive limitations. Many of these limitations are due to computational and methodological constraints that can be overcome by leveraging recent advances in computer architecture, numerical methods, and economics research. Motivated by these considerations, we are developing a new modeling framework: the Community Integrated Model of Economic and Resource Trajectories for Humankind (CIM-EARTH). In this paper, we describe the key features of the CIM-EARTH framework and initial implementation, detail the model instance we use for studying the impacts of a carbon tax on international trade and the sensitivity of these impacts to assumptions on the rate of change in energy efficiency and labor productivity, and present results on the extent to which carbon leakage limits global reductions in emissions for some policy scenarios.
Comparison of Near-Patient Capillary Glucose Measurement and a Risk Assessment Questionnaire in Screening for Type 2 Diabetes in a High-Risk Population in Rural India
Authors: Ritchie Georgia E. , Kengne Andre Pascal , Joshi Rohina , Chow Clara , Neal Bruce , Patel Anushka , Zoungas Sophia 
Published: December 2010

OBJECTIVE
To assess the utility of a point-of-care (POC) capillary blood glucose measurement as compared with routine clinical parameters in predicting undiagnosed diabetes in a low-resource rural India setting.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Nine hundred and ninety-four participants aged &gt;30 years and stratified by age and sex were randomly selected from 20 villages in India. A clinical questionnaire, sampling for laboratory venous fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and POC capillary blood glucose assay were performed simultaneously. Diabetes diagnosis was based on the World Health Organization (WHO) definition using FPG. The capacity of the POC glucose to predict the presence of diabetes was assessed and compared with the questionnaire using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs).

RESULTS
The AUC for POC glucose alone in predicting diabetes was 0.869 (95% CI 0.810–0.929). This was significantly better (P &lt; 0.001 for AUC comparison) than the models based upon clinical variables alone (AUC for the best clinical model including age, BMI, hypertension, waist circumference: 0.694 [95% CI 0.621–0.766]). POC glucose appropriately reclassified the risk of up to one-third of participants ranked according to the clinical models. Adding the clinical variables to the POC glucose assay did not significantly improve the discriminatory capability beyond that achieved with the POC glucose measurement alone (all P &gt; 0.37).

CONCLUSIONS
POC glucose testing appears to be a simple and reliable tool for identifying undiagnosed diabetes in a high-risk, resource-poor rural population. However, studies evaluating the cost effectiveness of introducing POC glucose testing are needed prior to widespread implementation.
Peripheral myelin protein-22 is expressed in CNS myelin
Authors: Gasperi Rita , Sosa Miguel , Naumowicz Zuzanna , Hof Patrick , Notterpek Lucia , Davis Kenneth , Buxbaum Joseph , Elder Gregory 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Myelin abnormalities exist in schizophrenia leading to the hypothesis that oligodendrocyte dysfunction plays a role in the pathophysiology of the disease. The expression of the mRNA for the peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP-22) is decreased in schizophrenia and recent genetic evidence suggests a link between PMP-22 and schizophrenia. While PMP-22 mRNA is found in both rodent and human brain it has been generally thought that no protein expression occurs. Here we show that PMP-22 protein is present in myelin isolated from adult mouse and human brain. These results suggest that PMP-22 protein likely plays a role in the maintenance and function of central nervous system (CNS) myelin and provide an explanation for why altered PMP-22 expression may be pathophysiologically relevant in a CNS disorder such as schizophrenia.
Sensory-memory-based change detection in face stimuli
Authors: Susac Ana , Ilmoniemi Risto , Supek Selma 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Detection of a change in face is a socially important skill. Both event-related potential (ERP) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measurements were conducted using face stimuli presented in an oddball paradigm to investigate detection of a change in face identity and facial expression. In condition 1, a nontarget deviant neutral face was presented among standard happy faces. In condition 2, the same deviant neutral face was presented with a standard neutral face of another person. The task in both conditions was silent counting of a second deviant (face with glasses). Non-target deviants elicited more negative ERP and corresponding MEG responses than standards in both conditions. This negativity was strongest at lateral posterior channels around 280 ms. Responses to the same deviant neutral face differed in two conditions. Deviance-related negativity resembled auditory mismatch negativity (MMN). Different responses to the same deviant in the two conditions suggest the existence of a sensory-memory trace for the standard to which the deviant was compared.
Acute adaptive responses of central sensorimotor neurons after spinal cord injury
Authors: Thompson Kevin , DiBona Victoria , Dubey Aditi , Crockett David , Rasin Mladen-Roko 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can be a lifelong, devastating condition for both the patient and the caregiver, with a daunting incidence rate. Still, there are only limited available therapies and the effectiveness of precise regeneration within the central nervous system is minimal throughout postnatal life. Recently, improved regeneration after SCI was seen by manipulating a pathway in sensorimotor neocortices that is involved in phosphorylation of an RNA binding protein (RBP) required for mRNA translation, the Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). Our data identifies rapid molecular alterations of eIF4E in the sensorimotor neocortices 1 and 3 days after a lateral hemisection SCI, used as a model for Brown-Séquard syndrome. The function of an RBP depends on both its distribution sites within the cell and its phosphorylation states. Indeed, we found both to be affected after SCI. There was a distinct subcellular redistribution of eIF4E and phosphorylated-eIF4E was reduced, indicating that the eIF4E’s translation was disrupted. Upon identification and analysis of the mRNA cargo of eIF4E in uninjured sensorimotor neocortices, we found that eIF4E binds both Importin-13 (Ipo13) and Parvalbumin (Pv) mRNAs, indicating a role in their translation. Remarkably, eIF4E’s interaction with both Ipo13 and Pv mRNAs was disrupted 1 and 3 days after SCI, despite preservation of total Ipo13 and Pv mRNA levels. Finally, we detected a selective loss of expression of both IPO13 and PV proteins in projection neurons of sensorimotor neocortices, as well as their disrupted dendritic polarity. Since IPO13 is predominantly expressed in neocortical projection neurons and PV in a subset of neocortical interneurons, these data suggest a strong acute effect of SCI on neocortical microcircuitry. Taken together, these data indicate that neocortical eIF4E and a subset of mRNAs may be rapidly recruited to translational machinery after SCI to promote adaptive regeneration response of sensorimotor neurons.
Treatment strategies for spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Fuller Heidi , Barišić Marija , Šešo-Šimić Đurđica , Špeljko Tea , Morris Glenn , Šimić Goran 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Progress in understanding the genetic basis and pathophysiology of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), along with continuous efforts in finding a way to increase survival motor neuron (SMN) protein levels have resulted in several strategies that have been proposed as potential directions for efficient drug development. Here we provide an overview on the current status of the following approaches: 1) activation of SMN2 gene and increasing full length SMN2 transcript level, 2) modulating SMN2 splicing, 3) stabilizing SMN mRNA and SMN protein, 4) development of neurotrophic, neuroprotective and anabolic compounds and 5) stem cell and gene therapy. The new preclinical advances warrant a cautious optimism for emergence of an effective treatment in the very near future.
EBV Lytic-Phase Protein BGLF5 Contributes to TLR9 Downregulation during Productive Infection
Authors: van Gent Michiel , Griffin Bryan D. , Berkhoff Eufemia G. , van Leeuwen Daphne , Boer Ingrid G. J. , Buisson Marlyse , Hartgers Franca C. , Burmeister Wim P. , Wiertz Emmanuel J. , Ressing Maaike E. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Viruses use a wide range of strategies to modulate the host immune response. The human gammaherpesvirus EBV, causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and several malignant tumors, encodes proteins that subvert immune responses, notably those mediated by T cells. Less is known about EBV interference with innate immunity, more specifically at the level of TLR-mediated pathogen recognition. The viral dsDNA sensor TLR9 is expressed on B cells, a natural target of EBV infection. Here, we show that EBV particles trigger innate immune signaling pathways through TLR9. Furthermore, using an in vitro system for productive EBV infection, it has now been possible to compare the expression of TLRs by EBV− and EBV+ human B cells during the latent and lytic phases of infection. Several TLRs were found to be differentially expressed either in latently EBV-infected cells or after induction of the lytic cycle. In particular, TLR9 expression was profoundly decreased at both the RNA and protein levels during productive EBV infection. We identified the EBV lytic-phase protein BGLF5 as a protein that contributes to downregulating TLR9 levels through RNA degradation. Reducing the levels of a pattern-recognition receptor capable of sensing the presence of EBV provides a mechanism by which the virus could obstruct host innate antiviral responses.