bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Effecting to Caregiver’s Performance of Rehabilitation Care for Elderly Dependents at Mae Sot District, Tak Province.
Authors: Poum Amornsak 
Published: April 2024

Background: Care giver is very important person who was take care elderly group for health rehabilitation and wellbeing with quality of life.
Objectives: This descriptive research study aimed to study either selected factors association or jointly predicting factor effected to caregiver’s performance of rehabilitation care for elderly dependents at Mae Sot district, Tak Province.
Method: Population consisted of 150 caregivers who have been completed training elderly care program within 70 hours which be registered in Mae Sot district, Tak Province, in fiscal year 2020, and the sample size calculating used Daniel formula for 107 cases, and systematic random sampling was determined for collecting data. Data collected by questionnaires composed of 7 parts including, characteristics, predisposing factors (knowledge, attitude, health perception), enabling factors, reinforcing factors, and performance of elderly care dependents. In addition to check questionnaire standardization, validity was checked by 3 experts and try out testing reliability by Cronbach’s coefficient alpha about 0.86. Data analyzed using statistical as Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression analysis.
Results: An association analyzed found that, knowledge of elderly’ health problem was associated with caregiver’s performance of rehabilitation care for elderly dependents at Mae Sot district, Tak Province with statistic significant (r=0.291, P-value =0.002). Prediction model analyzed reported that knowledge of elderly’ health problem and caregiver education selected factors accounted for 15.1%.
Conclusion: Thus, improving knowledge for caregiver is very necessary which effect to attitude and skill of rehabilitation care for elderly group, to support training process and practicing.
Traumatic Cervical spine injury epidemiology: a tertiary care center perspective in Nepal
Authors: Parajuli Bikash , Sharma Rajiv , Kayastha Sabik , Thapa Jagadish , Shrestha Dipak 
Published: April 2024

Background: The epidemiology of traumatic cervical spine injury is not well documented in developing/ underdeveloped countries. There are a few single-centered studies on the epidemiology of cervical spine injury in Nepal.
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the epidemiology of traumatic cervical spine injuries presented at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Nepal.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of individuals with traumatic cervical spine injuries admitted to the Department of Orthopedics from 2015 January to 2021 December. Data collection was done by using the International Spinal Cord Injury core data set (version 2) and International Spinal Cord Injury Spinal Column Injury Basic Data Set (version 1.0).
Results: One hundred and forty-four patients were included of which the majority (68.8%) were males. The mean age of the patients was 47.89 ± 17 years. Fall injury was the most common etiology (79.2%). C2 was the most common level injured (28.5%). Patients with ASIA A neurology was 18% and surgical treatment was given to nearly 60%. The patients had a median hospital stay of 9 days (4- 16) and a mortality of 4.2%.
Conclusion: There was a male predominance with a recent increase in the female proportion for traumatic cervical spine injury. Fall was the most common etiology with the majority of patients in their 30s and 40s. Surgical treatment is more preferred recently. The mortality rate was relatively low which needs further investigation.
Effect of Boron Fertilization and Boron Enriched Organic Manures on Yield Boron Use Efficiency and Nutrient Uptake by Tomato in Coastal Soil
Authors: Gracia J. Merina , Elayaraja D. , Kamalakannan P. , Kamaleshwaran R. 
Published: April 2024

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, playing a pivotal role in various physiological processes within the plant. In tomato cultivation, maintaining adequate boron levels is crucial for achieving optimal yield and quality. However, due to factors such as soil type, environmental conditions, and plant genetics, boron deficiency or inefficient utilization often poses challenges for growers, leading to reduced productivity and economic losses in coastal regions of Tamilnadu. This study investigates the effect of boron fertilization and boron enriched organic manures on yield boron use efficiency and nutrient uptake by tomato in coastal soil. A field experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field at Varagurpettai coastal village, near Chidambaram in Cuddalore district of Tamilnadu, during July-November, 2022 using tomato variety NTH-777 as test crop. The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture and taxonomically classified as Typic Ustifluvent with pH-8.39, EC-4.07 dSm-1 and analysed low status of organic carbon (2.47 g kg-1). The soil analysed low in alkaline KMnO4–N (145.71 kg ha-1) and Olsen-P (10.57 kg ha-1) and medium in NH4OAc-K (157.42 kg ha-1). The available hot water soluble B content (0.27 mg kg-1) was also low in soil. The various treatments imposed in the study included T1–Control (RDF alone/100% NPK), T2–RDF + Composted coirpith (CCP) @ 12.5 t ha-1, T3–RDF + CCP + Borax (B) @ 10 kg ha-1 through soil application (SA), T4–RDF + CCP + Borax (B) through foliar application (FA) @ 0.5% twice @ pre flowering stage (PFS) and flowering stage (FS), T5–RDF +CCP + Borax (SA) + (FA), T6–RDF + CCP + Borohumate (BH) @ 15 kg ha-1 soil application (SA), T7 –RDF + CCP + Borohumate (FA), T8–RDF + CCP + Borohumate (SA) + FA, T9–RDF + Borax Enriched Composted coirpith (BECCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 (SA), T10–RDF + Borohumate Enriched Composted coirpith (BHECCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 (SA), T11–RDF + BECCP (SA) + Borax (FA) and T12–RDF + BHECCP (SA) + Borohumate (FA). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The results of the field experiment clearly indicated that integrated application of NPK fertilizer along with B enriched organic manures + biofertilizer and foliar spray of borohumate (BH) positively increased the growth, yield, quality and nutrient uptake by tomato. This treatment recorded the highest agronomic efficiency (4.10 t kg-1), agro physiological efficiency (20.45 t kg-1), apparent recovery efficiency (43.45%), physiological efficiency (14.30 t kg-1) and boron use efficiency (410.34). This research contributes to the development of boron utilization dynamics and this study paves the way for future advancements in nutrient management strategies tailored to maximize yield and quality in tomato production systems.
Crude Oil and Refined Products Spill Incidence Impact Evaluation in Eleme; Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: SJ Olukaejire , CC Ifiora , PA Osaro , LC Osuji , AI Hart 
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to assess crude oil and refined products spill incidence and perceived impact on livelihood of inhabitants in Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria. The research adopted questionnaire, interview and survey methodology. The population of the study is 4648 being the total persons living around and about crisscross of pipelines and facilities, size of 368 selected at random from the study sites. The primary data, questionnaires and oral interview were major instruments deployed and used for data collection and simple percentages were used in analyzing the data collected from the questionnaire. The major cause of spill was identified as pipeline sabotage, followed closely by pipeline rupture. Preponderance of the respondents strongly agreed that the magnitude of crude oil and refined products spill had impacted negatively on livelihood of inhabitants, that there are consequences associated with crude oil and refined product spill on soil and water in the study area, that there are mitigation and measures of curtailing crude oil and refined products spill in the study area, and that crude oil and refined product spill have a significant effect on the study area. Prevention should be adopted as a risk management strategy in addressing soil and water pollution in Eleme, arising from Crude oil spill.
A Stimuli‐Responsive, Photoluminescent, Anthracene‐Based Liquid Crystal: Emission Color Determined by Thermal and Mechanical Processes
Authors: Sagara Yoshimitsu , Yamane Shogo , Mutai Toshiki , Araki Koji , Kato Takashi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHere, a photoluminescent liquid crystal that exhibits a change of emission color on the metastable–stable phase transition induced by external stimuli is prepared. A 2,6‐diethynylanthracene derivative with amide groups and dendritic side chains exhibits a columnar phase on slow cooling from the isotropic phase and shows blue emission in this columnar phase. In contrast, a cubic phase is obtained by rapid cooling from the isotropic phase. In the cubic phase, the 2,6‐diethynylanthracene cores form excimers, resulting in yellow emission. While the columnar phase is a stable liquid‐crystalline (LC) phase, the cubic phase is a metastable LC phase. It is found that a change of the photoluminescent color from yellow to blue is observed on the cubic‐columnar phase transition induced by heating or mechanical shearing for this 2,6‐diethynylanthracene derivative in the cubic phase. This change of photoluminescent color is ascribed to the inhibition of excimer formation on the metastable–stable LC phase transition.
Charge Generation and Photovoltaic Operation of Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Incorporating a High Extinction Coefficient Indolene‐Based Sensitizer
Authors: Snaith Henry J. , Petrozza Annamaria , Ito Seigo , Miura Hidetoshi , Grätzel Michael 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn investigation of the function of an indolene‐based organic dye, termed D149, incorporated in to solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells using 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxypheny‐amine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) as the hole transport material is reported. Solar cell performance characteristics are unprecedented under low light levels, with the solar cells delivering up to 70% incident photon‐to‐current efficiency (IPCE) and over 6% power conversion efficiency, as measured under simulated air mass (AM) 1.5 sun light at 1 and 10 mW cm−2. However, a considerable nonlinearity in the photocurrent as intensities approach “full sun” conditions is observed and the devices deliver up to 4.2% power conversion efficiency under simulated sun light of 100 mW cm−2. The influence of dye‐loading upon solar cell operation is investigated and the thin films are probed via photoinduced absorption (PIA) spectroscopy, time‐correlated single‐photon counting (TCSPC), and photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) measurements in order to deduce the cause for the non ideal solar cell performance. The data suggest that electron transfer from the photoexcited sensitizer into the TiO2 is only between 10 to 50% efficient and that ionization of the photo excited dye via hole transfer directly to spiro‐OMeTAD dominates the charge generation process. A persistent dye bleaching signal is also observed, and assigned to a remarkably high density of electrons “trapped” within the dye phase, equivalent to 1.8 × 1017 cm−3 under full sun illumination. it is believed that this localized space charge build‐up upon the sensitizer is responsible for the non‐linearity of photocurrent with intensity and nonoptimum solar cell performance under full sun conditions.
Synthesis and Processing of Monodisperse Oligo(fluorene‐co‐bithiophene)s into Oriented Films by Thermal and Solvent Annealing
Authors: Zeng Lichang , Yan Feng , Wei Simon K.‐H. , Culligan Sean W. , Chen Shaw H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA series of oligo(fluorene‐co‐bithiophene)s, OF2Ts, have been synthesized and characterized to investigate the effects of oligomer length and pendant aliphatic structure on glassy‐nematic mesomorphism. The OF2Ts comprising more than one repeat unit and their polymer analogue, PF2T, carrying 52 number‐average repeat units, possess the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level at −5.3 ± 0.2 eV, but the anisotropic field‐effect mobilities increase with the oligomer length. Spin coating from high‐boiling chlorobenzene with and without subsequent exposure to saturated chlorobenzene vapor constitute solvent‐vapor annealing and quasi‐solvent annealing, respectively. Solvent‐vapor annealing yields monodomain glassy‐nematic films in which OF2Ts are aligned as well as with thermal annealing across a 2 cm diameter. Quasi‐solvent annealing, however, amounts to kinetically trapping a lower orientational order than solvent‐vapor or thermal annealing. While amenable to thermal annealing at elevated temperatures, PF2T shows no alignment at all following either strategy of solvent annealing.
Cyclic Enones as Substrates in the Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reaction: Surfactant Interactions, Scope and Scalability with an Emphasis on Formaldehyde
Authors: Schwartz Brett D. , Porzelle Achim , Jack Kevin S. , Faber Jonathan M. , Gentle Ian R. , Williams Craig M. 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageTraditionally, cyclic enones and formalin are reactants notorious for displaying problematic behaviour (i.e., poor solubility and low yields) under Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction conditions. The body of research presented herein focuses on the use of surfactants in water as a solvent medium that offers a resolution to many of the issues associated with the MBH reaction. Reaction scope, scalability and small angle X‐ray scattering have been studied to assist with the understanding of the reaction mechanism and industrial application. A comparison against known literature methods for reaction scale‐up is also discussed.
Comparison of the Relative Reactivities of the Triisopropylsilyl Group With Two Fluorous Analogs
Authors: Sancho Amador Garcia , Wang Xiao , Sui Bin , Curran Dennis P. 
Published: May 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe relative stabilities of two fluorous analogs, diisopropyl(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10‐ heptadecafluorodecyl)silyl and diisopropyl‐ (4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11‐heptadecafluoroundecyl)silyl [C8F17(CH2)nSi(i‐Pr)2, where n=2 or 3], of the standard triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) group are compared in the setting of alcohol protection. The fluorous silyl groups can be installed under standard conditions in comparable yields to the TIPS group, but the derived fluorous silyl ethers are more labile than TIPS ethers towards cleavage by both acids and fluoride.
Dynamic behavior of the flow field in a RIM machine mixing chamber
Authors: Santos Ricardo J. , Erkoç Ertugrul , Dias Madalena M. , Lopes José Carlos B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDynamic behavior of the flow field in a Reaction Injection Molding, RIM, machine mixing chamber, having dimensions typically used in industrial machines, is studied from dynamic velocity data of Laser Doppler Anemometry, LDA, measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD, simulations with a 2D model. This study is based on the spectral analysis of the dynamic flow field data. The typical frequencies, in the reactor flow field, are identified and its values are related to the identified flow structures. The differences between the typical frequencies from experiments and simulations are observed and justified on the basis of the 2D representation of a 3D cylindrical geometry. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Kin influence on the decision to start using modern contraception: A longitudinal study from rural Gambia
Authors: Mace Ruth , Colleran Heidi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn earlier work in rural Gambia, we found that kin influence reproductive success: matrilineal kin, especially mothers, maternal grandmothers and unmarried older sisters all helped to promote the survival and nutrition of young children; in contrast patrilineal kin, especially husband's mother, promoted fertility. These differing influences of maternal and paternal lineage are predicted on the basis of kin selection and sexual conflict theory, because the costs of reproduction fall more heavily on the mother than the father. These studies covered the period 1950–1975, when this population was essentially “natural fertility, natural mortality.” It is not possible to tell whether these effects were due to kin influencing active reproductive decision‐making, or due to indirect effects such as kin improving nutrition by helping. Since 1976, modern contraception has become available in this community. In an analysis of the behavioral ecology of the decision to start using modern contraception, we found that high parity for your age was a key determinant of the decision, as was village and calendar year. Here, we examine whether the presence or absence of kin and also whether the contraceptive status of kin influenced the decision to start using contraception. We find little evidence that kin directly influence contraceptive uptake, either by their presence/absence or as models for social learning. However, death of a first husband (i.e., widowhood) does accelerate contraceptive uptake. We discuss our results from an evolutionary demography perspective, in particular regarding theories of sexual conflict, biased cultural transmission, and social learning. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familiality and molecular genetics of attention networks in ADHD
Authors: Konrad Kerstin , Dempfle Astrid , Friedel Susann , Heiser Philip , Holtkamp Kristian , Walitza Susanne , Sauer Sascha , Warnke Andreas , Remschmidt Helmut , Gilsbach Susanne , Schäfer Helmut , Hinney Anke , Hebebrand Johannes , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIndices from a more elementary neuropsychological level might be useful in the search for genes for complex psychiatric disorders, such as ADHD. In this study we investigated systematically whether attentional performance as measured with the Attention Network Test (ANT) is suited for the identification of endophenotypes of ADHD. Attentional performance in affected sib pairs with ADHD (n = 181) was compared to unaffected control siblings (n = 121). Intrafamilial correlation patterns were calculated. In addition, linkage and association analyses were conducted between quantitative scores of attentional functions and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and dopamine transporter (DAT1 or SLC6A3) gene variants. Only the executive attention network was significantly impaired in subjects with ADHD compared to controls (P < 0.05) and showed evidence for familiality in both affected and unaffected families. Linkage analyses revealed the highest LOD score for a severity score based on DSM‐IV inattentive symptoms in the DAT1 chromosomal region (LOD score 2.6 at 15 cM). However, a SNP (rs6350) at the DAT1 locus showed a tendency for association with both alerting performance (P = 0.02) and executive attention (P = 0.01) although it did not survive alpha adjustment for multiple testing. No evidence was found for association of any of the investigated phenotypes with the VNTR in the DRD4. Thus, our data suggest that the quantitative behavioral ratings of inattentive symptoms might be more useful when searching for new genes associated with ADHD, however, among the ANT measures the executive attention network seems to be best suited for further endophenotype analyses. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Supramolecularly Assisted Transformation of Block‐Copolymer Micelles into Nanotubes
Authors: Kim Sung Ho , Nederberg Fredrik , Jakobs Robert , Tan Jeremy P. K. , Fukushima Kazuki , Nelson Alshakim , Meijer E. W. , Yang Yi Yan , Hedrick James L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEinmal um den Block: Führt man eine starre wasserstoffbrückenbildende Benzamid‐Einheit zwischen die Polymerblöcke in Poly(ethylenglycol)(PEG)‐(Thio)harnstoff‐Poly(L‐Lactid)(PLLA)‐Blockcopolymeren ein, so ändert sich deren Morphologie: Statt sphärischer Micellen, wie sie von PEG‐PLLA‐Diblockcopolymeren gebildet werden, entstehen Nanoröhren.magnified image
Me‐bipam for Enantioselective Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Arylation of Aldehydes with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Yamamoto Yasunori , Kurihara Kazunori , Miyaura Norio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLieber zweizähnig: Die Titelreaktion liefert chirale Diarylmethanole in guten Ausbeuten. Mit dem chiralen zweizähnigen Phosphoramidit‐Liganden (R,R)‐Me‐bipam wurden mitunter ausgezeichnete Enantioselektivitäten erhalten.magnified image
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Quaternary Carbon Centers: A Route to α‐Substituted Serines
Authors: Ariza Xavier , Cornellà Josep , Font‐Bardia Mercè , Garcia Jordi , Ortiz Jordi , Sánchez Carolina , Solans Xavier 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThree in a row! Highly functionalized quaternary amino polyols with three consecutive asymmetric carbon centers have been prepared through tandem hydroboration of allene 1 and addition to an aldehyde (see scheme; Cy=cyclohexyl, TBDPS=tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl, Ts=4‐toluenesulfonyl). This one‐pot process provides access to advanced intermediates for the enantioselective synthesis of α‐substituted serines.magnified image
Me‐bipam for Enantioselective Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Arylation of Aldehydes with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Yamamoto Yasunori , Kurihara Kazunori , Miyaura Norio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLigand design by‐pam: A ruthenium‐catalyzed asymmetric arylation of aldehydes with arylboronic acids has been developed, giving chiral diarylmethanols in good yields. The use of a chiral bidentate phosphoramidite ligand ((R,R)‐Me‐bipam) led to excellent enantioselectivities.magnified image
Representing energy drain in numerical weather prediction models induced by boundary layer sub‐grid scale processes
Authors: Collier C. G. , Davies F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe representation of sub‐grid scale boundary layer processes is central to understanding the errors in numerical weather prediction model forecasts. Of particular importance are statistics associated with convective turbulence, notably the temporal and spatial variations of kinetic energy dissipation rate. In this paper we outline how a 1.5‐micron Doppler lidar system may be used in this context, and propose an operational network of such systems for use in numerical forecasting. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
An adaptive hierarchical Bayes quality measurement plan
Authors: Lahiri Partha , Li Huilin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe quality of a production process is often judged by a quality assurance audit, which is essentially a structured system of sampling inspection plan. The defects of sampled products are assessed and compared with a quality standard, which is determined from a tradeoff among manufacturing costs, operating costs and customer needs. In this paper, we propose a new hierarchical Bayes quality measurement plan that assumes an implicit prior for the hyperparameters. The resulting posterior means and variances are obtained adaptively using a parametric bootstrap method. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.