bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RUNX3 in oncogenic and anti‐oncogenic signaling in gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Ito Kosei 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe reputation of RUNX3 as a strong candidate for a tumor suppressor originated from studies of gastric carcinogenesis and now extends to a variety of other human cancers. The RUNX3 transcription factor is a downstream effector of the TGF‐β superfamily signaling pathway and has a critical role in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell death by apoptosis, and cell adhesion. Recently, RUNX3 was proposed as a gatekeeper linking oncogenic Wnt and anti‐oncogenic TGF‐β/BMPs signaling pathways in intestinal tumorigenesis in mouse and human. Also, loss of RUNX3 leading to elevated oncogenic Wnt activity was found to be a key event in inducing a precancerous state of the stomach. Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is reported to inactivate RUNX3 in gastric carcinogenesis by multiple mechanisms. This “Prospect” focuses on our current understanding of the tumor suppressive functions of RUNX3 in the context of gastrointestinal cancer initiation and progression. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1243–1249, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthetic small interfering RNA down‐regulates caspase‐3 and affects apoptosis, IL‐1β, and viability of porcine proximal tubular cells
Authors: Yang Bin , Elias Joshua E. , Bloxham Maureen , Nicholson Michael L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractProximal tubular cells are most vulnerable to ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) in renal transplantation. Caspase‐3 can be up‐regulated by IRI due to a variety of pathogenic processes such as oxidative damage. This study utilized synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA) to posttranscriptionally silence target gene, caspase‐3, may represent a feasible approach to produce transient effects, but avoid side actions caused by viral vectors. The porcine proximal tubular cells (LLC‐PK1), with or without the stimulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, an oxidizer), were transfected with synthetic caspase‐3 siRNA using a cationic lipid‐based transfection regent. The expression of caspase‐3 at mRNA and protein level was assessed at different times posttransfection and its downstream biological events were also monitored. The caspase‐3 mRNA was posttranscriptionally silenced by its siRNA up to 50% after 24 h. The active caspase‐3 protein was increased by transfection reagent alone and H2O2 in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Both the precursor and active protein of caspase‐3 were decreased by siRNA after 48 h and maintained up to 96 h at least, with a consistent change in its activity. Consequently, apoptotic cells and active IL‐1β protein expression was reduced by caspase‐3 siRNA; cell viability, especially with H2O2 treatment, was also improved. Taken together, caspase‐3 and apoptosis are sensitive markers for cellular injury; using synthetic siRNA silencing caspase‐3 may provide not only a valid approach for underlying mechanisms of diseases, but also a potential therapeutic intervention for a wide range of acute clinical disorders including IRI in renal transplantation. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1337–1347, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of mechanical stretching in the activation and localization of adhesion proteins and related intracellular molecules
Authors: Boccafoschi F. , Mosca C. , Bosetti M. , Cannas M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe molecular complexity of the processes which lead to cell adhesion includes membrane and cytoskeletal proteins, involved in the focal adhesion formation, as well as signaling molecules tightly associated with the main intracellular regulatory cascades (Akt/PKB and MAPK/Erk). Dynamic environments, which create substrate deformations at determined frequencies and timing, have significant influences on adhesion mechanisms and in general in cellular behavior. In this work, we investigated the role of mechanical stretching (10% substrate deformation, 1 Hz frequency applied up to 60 min) on adhesion proteins (vinculin and focal adhesion kinase—FAK), related RhoGTPases (Rac1 and RhoA), and intracellular pathways (Akt/PKB and MAPK/Erk) in terms of activation and membrane recruitment in relation with cytoskeletal changes observed (membrane ruffling and filopodia formation). These changes are due to intracellular molecular rearrangements, acting with sequential concerted dynamics, able to modify the cytoskeletal conformation. The observed cellular response adds some important issues for better understanding the cellular behavior in environment which mimic as close as possible the physiological conditions. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1403–1409, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pax7‐FKHR transcriptional activity is enhanced by transcriptionally repressed MyoD
Authors: Olguín Hugo C. , Patzlaff Natalie E. , Olwin Bradley B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAlveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) are characterized by the expression of chimeric transcription factors Pax3‐FKHR and Pax7‐FKHR, due to chromosomal translocations fusing PAX3 or PAX7 with the FKHR gene. Although ARMS exhibits a muscle lineage phenotype, the cells evade terminal differentiation despite expressing the potent myogenic transcriptional regulator MyoD. Here we show that while Pax7‐FKHR inhibits MyoD‐dependent transcription, MyoD enhances Pax7‐FKHR activity in myogenic cell cultures. Importantly, this effect is not recapitulated by close related transcription factor myogenin and involves specific MyoD functional domains, distinct from those required for Pax7 to regulate MyoD during muscle formation. Together, these results suggest that although repressed as a myogenic regulatory factor, MyoD can play an active role in ARMS by augmenting Pax7‐FKHR function. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1410–1417, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of alternative mesenchymal stem cell sources for cell banking and musculoskeletal advanced therapies
Authors: Cavallo Carola , Cuomo Carmela , Fantini Sara , Ricci Francesca , Tazzari Pier Luigi , Lucarelli Enrico , Donati Davide , Facchini Andrea , Lisignoli Gina , Fornasari Pier Maria , Grigolo Brunella , Moroni Lorenzo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWith the continuous discovery of new alternative sources containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), regenerative medicine therapies may find tailored applications in the clinics. Although these cells have been demonstrated to express specific mesenchymal markers and are able to differentiate into mesenchymal lineages in ad hoc culture conditions, it is still critical to determine the yield and differentiation potential of these cells in comparative studies under the same standardized culture environment. Moreover, the opportunity to use MSCs from bone marrow (BM) of multiorgan donors for cell banking is of relevant importance. In the attempt to establish the relative potential of alternative MSCs sources, we analyzed and compared the yield and differentiation potential of human MSCs from adipose and BM tissues of cadaveric origins, and from fetal annexes (placenta and umbilical cord) after delivery using standardized isolation and culture protocols. BM contained a significantly higher amount of mononuclear cells (MNCs) compared to the other tissue sources. Nonetheless, a higher cell seeding density was needed for these cells to successfully isolate MSCs. The MNCs populations were highly heterogeneous and expressed variable MSCs markers with a large variation from donor to donor. After MSCs selection through tissue culture plastic adhesion, cells displayed a comparable proliferation capacity with distinct colony morphologies and were positive for a pool of typical MSCs markers. In vitro differentiation assays showed a higher osteogenic differentiation capacity of adipose tissue and BM MSCs, and a higher chondrogenic differentiation capacity of BM MSCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1418–1430, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adiponectin increases MMP‐3 expression in human chondrocytes through adipor1 signaling pathway
Authors: Tong Kwok‐Man , Chen Chao‐Ping , Huang Kui‐Chou , Shieh Dong‐Chen , Cheng Hsu‐Chen , Tzeng Chung‐Yuh , Chen Kun‐Hui , Chiu Yung‐Cheng , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractArticular adipose tissue is a ubiquitous component of human joints, and adiponectin is a protein hormone secreted predominantly by differentiated adipocytes and involved in energy homeostasis. The adiponectin is significantly higher in synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐3 may contribute to the breakdown of articular cartilage during arthritis. We investigated the signaling pathway involved in MMP‐3 caused by adiponectin in human chondrocytes. Adiponectin increased the secretion of MMP‐3 in cultured human chondrocytes, as shown by qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA analysis. Adiponectin‐mediated MMP‐3 expression was attenuated by AdipoR1 but not AdipoR2 siRNA. Pretreatment with 5′‐AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor (araA and compound C), p38 inhibitor (SB203580), and NF‐κB inhibitor (PDTC and TPCK) also inhibited the potentiating action of adiponectin. Activations of p38, AMPK, and NF‐κB pathways after adiponectin treatment were demonstrated. Taken together, our results provide evidence that adiponectin acts through AdipoR1 to activate p38 and AMPK, resulting in the activations of NF‐κB on the MMP‐3 promoter and contribute cartilage destruction during arthritis. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1431–1440, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of β‐amyloid (25–35) on mitochondrial function and expression of mitochondrial permeability transition pore proteins in rat hippocampal neurons
Authors: Ren Rui , Zhang Yang , Li Benchang , Wu Yanping , Li Baixiang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of the β‐amyloid fragment Aβ25–35 on mitochondrial structure and function and on the expression of proteins associated with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in rat hippocampal neurons. Ninety clean‐grade Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 15 per group). Aβ25–35 (1, 5, or 10 µg/rat) was injected into hippocampal area CA1. Normal saline was injected as a control. The effect of Aβ25–35 injection on hippocampal structure was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Ca2+‐ATPase activity, [Ca2+]i, and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured. The expression of genes associated with the MPTP, including the voltage‐dependent anion channel (VDAC), adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), and cyclophilin D (Cyp‐D), were evaluated. Results showed that Aβ25–35 injection damaged the mitochondrial structure of hippocampal neurons, decreased Ca2+‐ATPase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased [Ca2+]i. The expression levels for VDAC, ANT, and Cyp‐D in all groups were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in the normal control group after Aβ25–35 injection. These results indicate that Aβ25–35 damages mitochondria in rat hippocampal neurons and effects mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as increasing the expression of genes associated with the MPTP. Mitochondrial dysfunction may result in increased MPTP gene expression, leading to neurodegenerative effects. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1450–1457, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insulin regulates GLUT1‐mediated glucose transport in MG‐63 human osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Cifuentes Manuel , García Maria A. , Arrabal Pilar M. , Martínez Fernando , Yañez María J. , Jara Nery , Weil Bernardo , Domínguez Dolores , Medina Rodolfo A. , Nualart Francisco 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant bone cancer, accounting for 35% of primary bone malignancies. Because cancer cells utilize glucose as their primary energy substrate, the expression and regulation of glucose transporters (GLUT) may be important in tumor development and progression. GLUT expression has not been studied previously in human osteosarcoma cell lines. Furthermore, although insulin and insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐I) play an important role in cell proliferation and tumor progression, the role of these hormones on GLUT expression and glucose uptake, and their possible relation to osteosarcoma, have also not been studied. We determined the effect of insulin and IGF‐I on GLUT expression and glucose transport in three well‐characterized human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG‐63, SaOs‐2, and U2‐Os) using immunocytochemical, RT‐PCR and functional kinetic analyses. Furthermore we also studied GLUT isoform expression in osteosarcoma primary tumors and metastases by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses. RT‐PCR and immunostaining show that GLUT1 is the main isoform expressed in the cell lines and tissues studied, respectively. Immunocytochemical analysis shows that although insulin does not affect levels of GLUT1 expression it does induce a translocation of the transporter to the plasma membrane. This translocation is associated with increased transport of glucose into the cell. GLUT1 is the main glucose transporter expressed in osteosarcoma, furthermore, this transporter is regulated by insulin in human MG‐63 cells. One possible mechanism through which insulin is involved in cancer progression is by increasing the amount of glucose available to the cancer cell. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 1425–1432, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary stenting after failure of conservative treatment for spontaneous coronary dissection: Usefulness of the intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Marti Vicens , Garcia‐Picart Joan , Balcells Jordi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSpontaneous coronary dissection of a coronary artery is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome. Optimal treatment has not yet been established. We describe a woman with spontaneous dissection of the left anterior descending artery who presented transitory angina and electrocardiographic ST segment elevation in precordial leads. Conservative treatment was carried out. The angina and electrocardiographic changes recurred 3 days later. An intravascular vascular ultrasound was performed and the patient was stabilized following stenting. Stress testing was negative at 6‐month follow‐up and she remained asymptomatic at 18 months. We discuss the usefulness of an intravascular ultrasound study to establish the therapeutic strategy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Simple and automatic determination of aldehydes and acetone in water by headspace solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Ji , Shin Ho‐Sang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe describe a simple and automatic method to determine nine aldehydes and acetone simultaneously in water. This method is based on derivatization with 2,2,2‐trifluoroethylhydrazine (TFEH) and consecutive headspace‐solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Acetone‐d6 was used as the internal standard. Aldehydes and acetone in water reacted for 30 min at 40°C with TFEH in a headspace vial and the formed TFEH derivatives were simultaneously vaporized and adsorbed on polydimethylsiloxane‐divinylbenzene. Under the established condition, the method detection limit was 0.1–0.5 μg/L in 4 mL water and the relative standard deviation was less than 13% at concentrations of 0.25 and 0.05 mg/L. This method was applied to determine aldehydes and acetone in 5 mineral water and 114 surface water samples. All mineral water samples had detectable levels of methanal (24.0–61.8 μg/L), ethanal (57.7–110.9 μg/L), propanal (11.5–11.7 μg/L), butanal, pentanal (3.3–3.4 μg/L) and nonanal (0.3–0.4 μg/L). Methanal and ethanal were also detected in concentration range of 2.7–117.2 and 1.2–11.9 μg/L, respectively, in surface water of 114 monitoring sites in Korea.
On‐demand photonic crystal resonators
Authors: Kim M.‐K. , Kim J.‐Y. , Kang J.‐H. , Ahn B.‐H. , Lee Y.‐H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractRecent progress in the field of re‐locatable photonic crystal resonators is discussed with a particular emphasis on the flexible scheme that employs highly‐curved microfiber. In this scheme a spectrally‐tunable high‐quality‐factor resonator can be defined repeatedly by physically moving a curved microfiber to a new position. When a curved microfiber is placed on top of a photonic crystal waveguide (or photonic crystal), a photonic well is newly created in the vicinity of the contact point. Inside of this photonic well, high‐quality‐factor resonant modes are generated at frequencies below the cutoff edge of the guided mode. The tapered microfiber is an integral part of a single mode optical fiber and efficient out‐coupling is naturally obtained. The sub‐nanometer spectral tuning capability that is available by changing the curvature of the microfiber is also an important characteristic and discussed. This spectrally‐ and spatially‐reconfigurable photonic crystal resonator is expected to be a potential platform for photonic crystal based single photon sources, which enables accurate spatial overlap and spectral overlap with a single quantum dot, together with straightforward photon out‐coupling to the fiber with high efficiency.
Modulation of Material Properties of a Decellularized Myocardial Matrix Scaffold
Authors: Singelyn Jennifer M. , Christman Karen L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractInjectable materials offer the potential for minimally invasive therapy for myocardial infarction (MI), either as an acellular scaffold or as a cell delivery vehicle. A recently developed myocardial matrix hydrogel, derived from decellularized porcine ventricular tissue, has the potential to aid in cardiac repair following an MI. Herein, we set out to study the effects of cross‐linking on the cardiac hydrogel stiffness, degradation properties, cellular migration, and catheter injectability in vitro. Cross‐linking increased stiffness, while slowing degradation and cellular migration through the gels. Additionally, the cross‐linked material was pushed through a clinically relevant catheter. These results demonstrate that the material properties of myocardial matrix can be tuned via cross‐linking, while maintaining appropriate viscosity for catheter injectability.
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What Morphologies Do We Want? – TEM Images from Dilute Diblock Copolymer Solutions
Authors: Zhao Hong , Chen Qianjin , Hong Liangzhi , Zhao Lei , Wang Jianfang , Wu Chi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe formation of various exotic morphologies of block copolymers in dilute solutions has often been claimed on the basis of TEM imaging. Do they really exist in solutions or are they just some kinetically frozen structures arising from TEM sample preparation? It is shown that different morphologies are formed due to a competition between different time scales. More and more people are realizing that it is necessary to use cryo‐TEM to ascertain a novel morphology in polymer solutions, but not everyone is able to access a modern cryo‐TEM. Our current study serves as an alarm to those who are interested in morphologies in block copolymer solutions that it is necessary to combine different methods, such as LLS, freeze‐drying, and TEM, in their studies.
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Neutral‐State Green Conjugated Polymers from Pyrrole Bis‐Substituted Benzothiadiazole and Benzoselenadiazole for Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Baran Derya , Oktem Gozde , Celebi Selin , Toppare Levent 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTwo donor/acceptor/donor‐type pyrrole‐incorporated monomers, 4,7‐di(1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (M1) and 4,7‐di(1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]selenadiazole (M2), were synthesized and polymerized electrochemically. The resulting polymers (P1 and P2) were investigated in terms of their electrochromic and optical properties. Spectroelectrochemistry studies revealed that both polymers show two distinct absorptions in both red and blue regions. The absorptions at around 400 and 700 nm correspond to neutral‐state green polymers P1 and P2, which is a unique property for conjugated polymers. Optical band gaps were calculated as 1.12 and 1.08 eV for P1 and P2, respectively.
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Glia: Initiators and progressors of pathology in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Halliday Glenda M. , Stevens Claire H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground:Glia are traditionally known as support cells for neurons, and their role in neurodegeneration has been largely considered secondary to neuronal dysfunction. We review newer concepts on glial function and assess glial changes in Parkinson's disease (PD) at the time of disease initiation when α‐synuclein is accumulating in brain tissue but there is limited neuronal loss, and also as the disease progresses and neuronal loss is evident.Results:Of the two main types of astrocytes, only protoplasmic astrocytes are involved in PD, where they become nonreactive and accumulate α‐synuclein. Experimental evidence has shown that astrocytic α‐synuclein deposition initiates the noncell autonomous killing of neurons through microglial signaling. As the disease progresses, more protoplasmic astrocytes are affected by the disease with an increasing microglial response. Although there is still controversy on the role microglia play in neurodegeneration, there is evidence that microglia are activated early in PD and possibly assist with the clearance of extracellular α‐synuclein at this time. Microglia transform to phagocytes and target neurons as the disease progresses but appear to become dysfunctional with increasing amounts of ingested debris. Only nonmyelinating oligodendroglial cells are affected in PD, and only late in the disease process.Conclusions:Glial cells are responsible for the progression of PD and play an important role in initiating the early tissue response. In particular, early dysfunction and α‐synuclein accumulation in astrocytes causes recruitment of phagocytic microglia that attack selected neurons in restricted brain regions causing the clinical symptoms of PD. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Twitch potentiation induced by stimulated and voluntary isometric contractions at various torque levels in human knee extensor muscles
Authors: Miyamoto Naokazu , Yanai Toshimasa , Kawakami Yasuo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the extent of twitch potentiation (TP) after stimulated or voluntary contractions at identical intensities for the human knee extensor muscles. Isometric knee extensions of 10 s were performed at 20%, 40%, and 60% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque level, through percutaneous electrical stimulation of the quadriceps at 80 Hz or voluntary contraction. Twitch responses were evoked by stimulating the femoral nerve percutaneously with supramaximal intensity. The extent of TP after the stimulated contraction was greater than that after the voluntary contraction at the 20% MVC torque level, whereas a stimulated contraction induced a smaller extent of TP than did a voluntary contraction at contraction intensities higher than 40% MVC. We suggest that this contraction intensity dependence of differences in TP after stimulated and voluntary isometric conditioning contractions is responsible for differences in the recruitment pattern of motor units during the conditioning contractions. Muscle Nerve, 2011