bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salvage cytoreduction for chemorefractory ovarian cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis: A last chance or futile efforts?
Authors: CHUA Terence C. , ROBERTSON Gregory , LIAUW Winston , MORRIS David L. 
Published: July 2010

Background: The role of secondary cytoreductive surgery in recurrent ovarian cancer in the presence of carcinomatosis is increasingly accepted as being an effective management strategy for selected patients. However, in patients with chemorefractory disease, the role of cytoreduction remains controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate if cytoreduction of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with chemorefractory recurrent ovarian cancer as salvage treatment confers any survival benefits.Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients with chemorefractory ovarian cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis who underwent cytoreduction as a salvage treatment. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate analysis was performed to examine potential prognostic factors using the log‐rank test.Results: A total of 16 patients were identified, of which 15 patients (94%) had FIGO Stage III ovarian cancer at initial diagnosis. The initial surgical effort was optimal in one patient (6%), and 13 patients (62%) had been on at least two lines of chemotherapy. The median progression‐free and overall survival was 18 (95% CI 0–42) months and 36 (95% CI 14–58) months, respectively. The 1‐, 3‐year survival rate was 73% and 23%, respectively. ECOG status zero (P = 0.023) and younger patients (age <51) (P = 0.066) appeared to be associated with an improved overall survival.Conclusions: Salvage cytoreduction may be considered a last chance effort to prolong survival in this group of patients with chemorefractory ovarian cancer who have a ‘poor prognosis’ and would otherwise not have been candidates for any proven or effective therapy.
Searching the Soil: Forensic Importance of Edaphic Fauna After the Removal of a Corpse
Authors: Saloña Marta I. , Moraza M. Lourdes , Carles‐Tolrá Miguel , Iraola Victor , Bahillo Pablo , Yélamos Tomás , Outerelo Raimundo , Alcaraz Rafael 
Published: July 2010

Abstract:  Arthropods at different stages of development collected from human remains in an advanced stage of decomposition (following autopsy) and from the soil at the scene are reported. The corpse was found in a mixed deciduous forest of Biscay (northern Spain). Soil fauna was extracted by sieving the soil where the corpse lay and placing the remains in Berlese–Tullgren funnels. Necrophagous fauna on the human remains was dominated by the fly Piophilidae: Stearibia nigriceps (Meigen, 1826), mites Ascidae: Proctolaelaps epuraeae (Hirschmann, 1963), Laelapidae: Hypoaspis (Gaeolaelaps) aculeifer (Canestrini, 1884), and the beetle Cleridae: Necrobia rufipes (de Geer, 1775). We confirm the importance of edaphic fauna, especially if the deceased is discovered in natural environs. Related fauna may remain for days after corpse removal and reveal information related to the circumstances of death. The species Nitidulidae: Omosita depressa (Linnaeus, 1758), Acaridae: Sancassania berlesei (Michael, 1903), Ascidae: Zerconopsis remiger (Kramer, 1876) and P. epuraeae, Urodinychidae: Uroobovella pulchella (Berlese, 1904), and Macrochelidae: Glyptholaspis americana (Berlese, 1888) were recorded for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula.
Effect of endoscopic injection therapy with combined cyanoacrylate and lipiodol for bleeding gastric varices: A single center experience
Authors: KURT Mevlut , AKDOGAN Meral , SAYILIR Abdurrahim , KURAN Sedef , OZDERIN Yasemin O , ARHAN Mehmet , ONAL Ibrahim K , KEKILLI Murat , BEYAZIT Yavuz , HAYRAN Mutlu 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE:  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the endoscopic injection therapy with combined cyanoacrylate and lipiodol for bleeding gastric fundal varices.METHODS:  The medical records of cirrhotic and non‐cirrhotic patients who underwent at least one episode of endoscopic application of N‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate‐lipiodol mixture for gastric varices at our gastroenterology clinic between October 2004 and January 2010 were reviewed. The technique comprised the dilution of 0.5 mL of cyanoacrylate with 0.5 mL of lipiodol and repeating intravariceal injections of 1.0 mL each until hemostasis was achieved.RESULTS:  A total of 66 patients (41 male and 25 female) with gastric varices underwent 86 endoscopic injections of cyanoacrylate for hemostasis. Overall 38 patients (57.6%) had active bleeding during the endoscopic procedure, while the remaining 28 (42.4%) underwent cyanoacrylate under elective conditions. In one patient (1.5%) hemostasis could not be achieved, prompting referral for emergency surgery. The median number of sessions was one (range 1–3). Eleven patients (16.6%) rebled during a median follow‐up period of 6.02 months (0.1–62.4 months). There was no bleeding‐related death. One patient developed splenic infarction a day after N‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate injection.CONCLUSION:  Endoscopic injection therapy combining cyanoacrylate and lipiodol is effective for bleeding gastric fundal varices.
CD66c expression in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: strength and weakness
Authors: GUILLAUME N. , PENTHER D. , VAIDA I. , GRUSON B. , HARRIVEL V. , CLAISSE J .F. , CAPIOD J. C. , LEFRERE J. J. , DAMAJ G. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryIntroduction:  In B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL), testing at diagnosis for BCR/ABL1 gene rearrangements is mandatory for prognostic stratification and treatment decisions. Several diagnostic methods have been proposed using flow cytometry to identify BCR/ABL1+ B‐ALL.Methods:  We evaluated expression of the myeloid antigen CD66c by flow cytometry in B‐ALL. We studied 94 patients with B‐ALL. The t(9;22)(q34;q11) or BCR/ABL1 rearrangement was detected by cytogenetic analysis or RT/PCR. Myeloid antigens CD66c, CD13, CD33, CD117, Myeloperoxidase, CD15 and CD65 were determined by flow cytometry.Results:  Of these 94 cases, 17 (18%) cases displayed BCR/ABL1 gene rearrangements and 38 (40%) cases were CD66c positive. CD66c was the most common myeloid antigen expressed on malignant lymphoblasts. Its expression was correlated with BCR/ABL1 rearrangements (P = 0.0001): sensitivity 82%, specificity 69%, positive predictive value 37% and negative predictive value 95%. Co‐expression of CD66c+ CD13+ was more frequent in BCR/ABL1+ B‐ALL (29%) than BCR/ABL1− cases (4%) (P = 0.0044). Some BCR/ABL1− B‐ALL cases (including hyperdiploid or cases with normal karyotype) were CD66c positive (31%).Conclusion:  CD66c expression is correlated, but not specifically, with BCR/ABL1 rearrangement. It would seem better to interpret the absence of CD66c expression with a lack of BCR/ABL1 rearrangement. This myeloid antigen could be interesting in the detection of minimal residual disease.
HAND SURGERY ON ANTICOAGULATED PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 121 OPERATIONS
Authors: Edmunds Ian , Avakian Zorik 
Published: July 2010

The management of anticoagulated patients requiring surgery presents a challenge to hand surgeons. The risk of bleeding related complications needs to be weighed up against the increased risk of thrombotic events if anticoagulants are altered or ceased. There is literature reporting the safety of hand, skin, eye and dental surgery on patients taking anticoagulants, and there is literature highlighting the risks associated with altering regular anticoagulant medication. However, it is common practice to cease or alter patients' anticoagulants peri-operatively for hand surgery. We report a prospective study of 107 patients taking anticoagulants who underwent 121 hand operations from December 2005 to August 2009. There was only one significant complication, that being a haematoma which occurred in a patient taking clopidogrel. We conclude that interruption to therapy with warfarin (provided the INR is not greater than 3.0), clopidogrel or clopidogrel with aspirin is unnecessary for patients undergoing hand surgery.
Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibition Depletes TrkA Levels and Signaling in Human Acute Leukemia Cells
Authors: Rao Rekha , Nalluri Srilatha , Fiskus Warren , Balusu Ramesh , Joshi Atul , Mudunuru Uma , Buckley Kathleen M. , Robbins Kelly , Ustun Celalettin , Reuther Gary W. , Bhalla Kapil N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNerve growth factor (NGF) induces autophosphorylation and downstream progrowth and prosurvival signaling from the receptor tyrosine kinase TrkA. Overexpression or activating mutation of TrkA has been described in human acute myeloid leukemia cells. In the present study, we show the chaperone association of TrkA with heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) and the inhibitory effect of the hsp90 inhibitor, 17-DMAG, on TrkA levels and signaling in cultured and primary myeloid leukemia cells. Treatment with 17-DMAG disrupted the binding of TrkA with hsp90 and the cochaperone cdc37, resulting in polyubiquitylation, proteasomal degradation, and depletion of TrkA. Exposure to 17-DMAG inhibited NGF-induced p-TrkA, p-AKT, and p-ERK1/2 levels, as well as induced apoptosis of K562, 32D cells with ectopic expression of wild-type TrkA or the constitutively active mutant ΔTrkA, and of primary myeloid leukemia cells. Additionally, 17-DMAG treatment inhibited NGF-induced neurite formation in the rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells. Cotreatment with 17-DMAG and K-252a, an inhibitor of TrkA-mediated signaling, induced synergistic loss of viability of cultured and primary myeloid leukemia cells. These findings show that TrkA is an hsp90 client protein, and inhibition of hsp90 depletes TrkA and its progrowth and prosurvival signaling in myeloid leukemia cells. These findings also support further evaluation of the combined activity of an hsp90 inhibitor and TrkA antagonist against myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(8); 2232–42. ©2010 AACR.
Oxytocin Induces the Migration of Prostate Cancer Cells: Involvement of the Gi-Coupled Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhong Miao , Boseman Maryam L. , Millena Ana C. , Khan Shafiq A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Expression of genes that encode oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin (AVP) and their cognate receptors in normal and diseased prostates are only partially characterized. Reverse transcription and PCR were used to examine the expression of these genes in normal prostate epithelial and stromal cell lines, k-ras–transformed prostate epithelial cell lines, and in four prostate cancer cell lines. Secreted and cell-associated OXT peptide was measured by an enzyme immunoassay. OXT and its receptor (OXTR) were expressed in all eight prostate cell lines. Cell-associated OXT peptide was also found in all prostate epithelial cell lines except in DU145 cells. Neither AVP nor its cognate receptors (V1a receptor and V2 receptor) were expressed in any prostate cell line examined. These data point to the OXTR as the primary target of OXT and AVP, and suggest that OXT might be an autocrine/paracrine regulator in human prostate. We found that OXT induces the migration of PC3 and PC3M, but not DU145 prostate cancer cells. The effect of OXT is distinct from the epidermal growth factor (EGF)–induced migration of prostate cancer cells, in which ERK1/2 and EGF receptor kinase activities were required. When cells were pretreated with pertussis toxin, the effect of OXT, but not EGF, on cell migration was abolished. Pretreatment with the cyclic AMP analogue, 8-Br-cAMP, did not affect OXT-induced cell migration, which eliminated the nonspecific effect of pertussis toxin. We conclude that a Gi-dependent mechanism is involved in OXTR-mediated migration of prostate cancer cells, and indicates a role for OXTR in prostate cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer Res; 8(8); 1164–72. ©2010 AACR.
Estrogen Receptors in Colorectal Cancer: Goalkeepers, Strikers, or Bystanders?
Authors: Hartman Johan , Gustafsson Jan-Åke 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This perspective on Jin et al. (beginning on page 910 in this issue of the journal) discusses the importance of estrogen signaling in colorectal carcinogenesis, with a focus on estrogen receptor β (ERβ), which is the predominant ER in the colorectal epithelium. The importance of ERβ in breast cancer is well described in the literature, and recent studies reveal that ERβ functions similarly in colorectal cancer. The implications of this pathway include new possibilities to treat or prevent colorectal cancer with targeted endocrine drugs and the potential of ERβ as a novel diagnostic tool. Cancer Prev Res; 3(8); 897–9. ©2010 AACR.
Rapid Association Learning in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex in the Absence of Behavioral Reversals
Authors: Cromer Jason A. , Machon Michelle , Miller Earl K. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The PFC plays a central role in our ability to learn arbitrary rules, such as “green means go.” Previous experiments from our laboratory have used conditional association learning to show that slow, gradual changes in PFC neural activity mirror monkeys' slow acquisition of associations. These previous experiments required monkeys to repeatedly reverse the cue–saccade associations, an ability known to be PFC-dependent. We aimed to test whether the relationship between PFC neural activity and behavior was due to the reversal requirement, so monkeys were trained to learn several new conditional cue–saccade associations without reversing them. Learning-related changes in PFC activity now appeared earlier and more suddenly in correspondence with similar changes in behavioral improvement. This suggests that learning of conditional associations is linked to PFC activity regardless of whether reversals are required. However, when previous learning does not need to be suppressed, PFC acquires associations more rapidly.
Criticisms of Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply and Mankiw’s Presentation
Authors: Moseley Fred 
Published: July 2010

This paper argues that the standard AD-AS framework as presented in intermediate macroeconomic textbooks is (1) internally logically inconsistent and (2) empirically unrealistic. The logical inconsistency is because the AD and AS curves represent two mutually exclusive theories of the relation between output and the price level in the same economy. The empirical unreality is that it assumes that, when there is excess supply, prices will fall, and furthermore, falling prices will return the economy to full employment. Neither of these assumptions is valid for our economy today. The paper focuses specifically on Mankiw’s presentation of AD-AS in his best-selling textbook. JEL classification: A22, E10
Angiotensinogen gene polymorphism in acute myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Mehri Sounira , Mahjoub Sinda , Farhati Abdeljelil , Bousaada Rafik , Ben Arab Saïda , Baudin Bruno , Hammami Mohamed 
Published: July 2010

Introduction. The objective of the study was to explore the role of a genetic variant of angiotensinogen (AGT), M235T, as an independent risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to investigate the possible association with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), estimated on the basis of the number of coronary stenoses and critical arterial occlusions. Patients and methods. 123 AMI patients were compared to 144 healthy controls. AGT genotypes were determined by PCR. Results. A significant association was found between AGT M235T polymorphism and AMI ( p = .021). By logistic regression, the TT genotype appeared to confer 1.9-fold increased risk for AMI in both the univariate and the multivariate model. The frequencies of the TT genotype and T allele increased with the number of stenoses in coronary vessels. Moreover, the TT genotype and the T allele were more frequent in the subgroup of patients with stenoses in at least four coronary vessels than in other patients, including subjects with one- to three-vessel disease. Furthermore, the TT genotype and the T allele were significantly more frequent in patients with critical arterial occlusions (> 90%) than in subjects without critical stenoses. Conclusions. The AGT M235T polymorphism associates with AMI risk and influences CAD severity.
Essential role for focal adhesion kinase in regulating stress hematopoiesis
Authors: Vemula Sasidhar , Ramdas Baskar , Hanneman Philip , Martin Joseph , Beggs Hilary E. , Kapur Reuben 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that has been extensively studied in fibroblasts; however its function in hematopoiesis remains an enigma. FAK is thought to be expressed in myeloid and erythroid progenitors, and its expression is enhanced in response to cytokines such as granu-locyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Furthermore, bone marrow cells cultured in granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor show active migration and chemoattractant-induced polarization, which correlates with FAK induction. While loss of FAK in mice results in embryonic lethality, we have deleted FAK in the adult bone marrow. We show an essential role for FAK in regulating hemolytic, myelotoxic, as well as acute inflammatory stress responses in vivo. In vitro, loss of FAK in erythroid and myeloid progenitor's results in impaired cytokine induced growth and survival, as well as defects in the activation and expression of antiapoptotic proteins caspase 3 and Bcl-xL. Additionally, reduced migration and adhesion of myeloid cells on extracellular matrix proteins, as well as impaired activation of Rac GTPase is also observed in the absence of FAK. Our studies reveal an essential role for FAK in integrating growth/survival and adhesion based functions in myeloid and erythroid cells predominantly under conditions of stress.
A novel role of IL-17–producing lymphocytes in mediating lytic bone disease in multiple myeloma
Authors: Noonan Kimberly , Marchionni Luigi , Anderson Judy , Pardoll Drew , Roodman G. David , Borrello Ivan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOsteoclast (OC)–mediated lytic bone disease remains a cause of major morbidity in multiple myeloma. Here we demonstrate the critical role of interleukin-17–producing marrow infiltrating lymphocytes (MILs) in OC activation and development of bone lesions in myeloma patients. Unlike MILs from normal bone marrow, myeloma MILs possess few regulatory T cells (Tregs) and demonstrate an interleukin-17 phenotype that enhances OC activation. In univariate analyses of factors mediating bone destruction, levels of cytokines that selectively induce and maintain the Th17 phenotype tightly correlated with the extent of bone disease in myeloma. In contrast, MILs activated under conditions that skew toward a Th1 phenotype significantly reduced formation of mature OC. These findings demonstrate that interleukin-17 T cells are critical to the genesis of myeloma bone disease and that immunologic manipulations shifting MILs from a Th17 to a Th1 phenotype may profoundly diminish lytic bone lesions in multiple myeloma.
Epidemiology and control of intestinal schistosomiasis on the Sesse Islands, Uganda: integrating malacology and parasitology to tailor local treatment recommendations
Authors: Standley Claire J , Adriko Moses , Arinaitwe Moses , Atuhaire Aaron , Kazibwe Francis , Fenwick Alan , Kabatereine Narcis B , Stothard J Russell 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Background
Intestinal schistosomiasis is often widespread among the populations living around Lake Victoria and on its islands. The Sesse Island group (containing some 84 islands), however, is typically assumed to be a low prevalence zone, with limited transmission, but has never been surveyed in detail. Here, we present a rapid mapping assessment, bringing together snail and parasite information, at 23 sites for the presence of intermediate host snails and at 61 sites for the prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis in school-aged children (N = 905). Two different diagnostic tools were used and compared at 45 of these sites: Kato-Katz thick faecal smears and circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) urine dipsticks.

Results

Biomphalaria snails were found at 11 sites but in low numbers; none was found shedding schistosome cercariae. At 22 out of the 45 sites, local prevalence by urine and/or stool diagnostics was in excess of 50%, although mean prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis overall was 34.6% (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 31.0-38.3%) by Kato-Katz and 46.5% (95% CI = 42.7-50.4%) by CCA if 'trace' reactions were considered infection-positive (if considered infection-negative, mean prevalence was 28.1% (95% CI = 24.7-31.7%)). Diagnostic congruence between CCA and Kato-Katz was poor and significant discordance in estimated prevalence by location was found, with each often inferring different mass drug administration regimes.

Conclusions
Accurate estimation of schistosome prevalence is important for determining present and future treatment needs with praziquantel; the wide range of schistosome prevalence across the Sesse Island group requires a treatment regime largely tailored to each island. In high prevalence locations, further malacological sampling is required to confirm the extent of local transmission, especially on the northern islands within the group. The observation that different diagnostic tests can provide varying results in terms of estimating prevalence by location, and hence change treatment recommendations, suggests that care must be taken in interpreting raw prevalence data. In particular, further research into the reasons for the differences in the poorer performance of the CCA test should be pursued.
Paternally biased X inactivation in mouse neonatal brain
Authors: Wang Xu , Soloway Paul D , Clark Andrew G 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Background
X inactivation in female eutherian mammals has long been considered to occur at random in embryonic and postnatal tissues. Methods for scoring allele-specific differential expression with a high degree of accuracy have recently motivated a quantitative reassessment of the randomness of X inactivation.

Results
After RNA-seq data revealed what appeared to be a chromosome-wide bias toward under-expression of paternal alleles in mouse tissue, we applied pyrosequencing to mouse brain cDNA samples from reciprocal cross F1 progeny of divergent strains and found a small but consistent and highly statistically significant excess tendency to under-express the paternal X chromosome.

Conclusions
The bias toward paternal X inactivation is reminiscent of marsupials (and extraembryonic tissues in eutherians), suggesting that there may be retained an evolutionarily conserved epigenetic mark driving the bias. Allelic bias in expression is also influenced by the sampling effect of X inactivation and by cis-acting regulatory variation (eQTL), and for each gene we quantify the contributions of these effects in two different mouse strain combinations while controlling for variability in Xce alleles. In addition, we propose an efficient method to identify and confirm genes that escape X inactivation in normal mice by directly comparing the allele-specific expression ratio profile of multiple X-linked genes in multiple individuals.
Full-Scale Experimental Research on PE Sheathing of Stay-Cable
Authors: Luo Hui , Jianmin Zi , Zhu Hongping , Fang Huiming , Xu Wensheng 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The polyethylene (PE) sheathing of a stay-cable is easily damaged during the setup process due to the incorrect clamping choices, improper rubber blankets for the clamp, or inappropriate clamping force. In this paper, a full-scale experiment was carried out to study the compressive and tensile performances of the high-density PE sheathing during clamping. The clamping force, the length of the clamp, and the type of the rubber blankets used for clamping were evaluated in full-scale tests on Su-Tong Yangtze River Bridge, which is the cable-stayed bridge of the largest span in the world. During the setup process of the stayed-cables of Su-Tong Yangtze River Bridge, neither the cable clamp sliding nor the PE sheathing crushing occurred.