bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lectin type of Candida albicans—an epidemiological marker relevant to pathogenesis
Authors: Korting H. C. , Abeck D. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. Fifty Candida albicans strains isolated from the oral cavities of HIV‐infected patients were typed with 14 different lectins by means of agglutination reactions. Sixteen different lectin types could be distinguished, the most frequent type representing 22% of strains. A change in the lectin type was found in about half of the Candida albicans strains representing control cultures from identical individuals. A simplified typing scheme based on three lectins seems to be almost as efficacious for epidemiological application.Zusammenfassung. Fünfzig Candida albicans‐ Stämme, die aus der Mundhöhle von HlV‐infizierten Patienten gewonnen worden waren, wurden über Agglutinationsreaktionen mit 14 unterschiedlichen Lektinen typisiert. Insgesamt konnten 16 verschiedene Lektin‐Typen unterschieden werden, der häufigste wurde durch 22% der untersuchten Stämme repräsentiert. Ein Wechsel im Lektin‐Typ wurde bei etwa der Hälfte der Stämme von Candida albicans gefunden, die bei der Kontrolluntersuchung derselben Individuen gefunden worden waren. Ein vereinfachtes Typisierungsschema auf der Basis von drei Lektinen scheint unter epidemiologischen Aspekten fast ebenso effizient zu sein.
Chemiluminescence of polymorphonuclear granulocytes in the presence of selected Candida species
Authors: Zepelin Margarete Borg‐von , Schuff‐Werner P. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. We monitored the respiratory burst of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) during infection in vitro with 25 strains of six Candida species with different extracellular proteolytic activity by chemiluminescence (CL). The CL‐response of PMNs to viable Candida blastoconidia was compared to the response to ethanol‐fixed cells of the same strain. Ethanol‐fixed blastoconidia of all tested fungal strains uniformly increased the CL‐response on contact. Viable fungal blastoconidia induced different CL‐responses: (1) virulent C. albicans and C. tropicalis induced a low CL‐response, (2) less virulent C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. krusei induced CL‐responses which reflected strain‐specific differences, and (3) viable blastoconidia of attenuated C. guilliermondii uniformly caused a high PMN CL‐response. After the CL‐measurement, the killing of Candida by PMNs was assayed. High CL‐response could be correlated to an augmented killing of the yeasts. These results were discussed with respect to a factor of fungal virulence, the secretion of acid proteinase.Zusammenfassung. Der oxidative Metabolismus polymorphkerniger Granulozyten nach Infektion mit 25 Stämmen sechs verschiedener Candida‐Arten wurde mit Hilfe der Chemo‐lumineszenz (CL)‐Methode untersucht. Die CL‐Antworten der Granulozyten auf vitale und auf äthanol‐fixierte Zellen desselben Candida‐Stammes wurden miteinander verglichen. Äthanol‐fixierte Blastokonidien aller getesteten Hefe‐Stämme aktivierten den Sauerstoff‐Metabolismus der Granulozyten einheitlich. Die CL‐Antworten auf vitale Candida‐Blastokonidien waren hingegen unterschiedlich: (1) die pathogenen Spezies C. albicans und C. tropicalis induzierten niedrige CL‐Antworten, (2) Stämme der weniger pathogenen Spezies C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis und C. krusei induzierten variable CL‐Antworten, die stamm‐spezifische Unterschiede widerspiegelten, und (3) vitale Blastokonidien der apathogenen Spezies C. guilliermondii induzierten einheitlich hohe CL‐Antworten. Nach der CL‐Messung wurde die Abtötungsrate von Candida‐Hefen untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß ein hohes CL‐Signal auch zu einer erhöhten Abtötungsrate von Hefen geführt hatte. Das Muster der CL‐Antwort reflektiert die extrazelluläre proteolytische Aktivität der Hefezellen. Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung dieses Candida‐Virulenzfaktors werden die Ergebnisse diskutiert.
Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Cladosporium cladosporioides
Authors: Annessi G. , Cimitan A. , Zambruno G. , Silverio A. Di 
Published: July 2010

Summary. A 54‐year‐old man, affected by pemphigus vulgaris and severe steroid‐induced diabetes, developed seven red‐brown, firm, slightly raised 0.1‐1 cm papular lesions on the anterior aspect of both knees and thighs. A cutaneous biopsy showed a granulomatous infiltrate with numerous fungal elements scattered in the dermis and also within giant cells. Cultures of cutaneous biopsy fragments on Sabouraud glucose agar in presence of chloramphenicol resulted in the growth of dark‐green colonies at 25 d̀C. They were identified as typical Cladosporium cladosporioides. As far as we know, this species was previously isolated only in an HIV‐seropositive patient as opportunistic pathogen in the site of skin testing.Zusammenfassung. Ein 54 Jahre alter Patient, der wegen Pemphigus vulgaris vier Wochen lang mit Methylprednisolon‐Natriumsuccinat in der Dosierung von 1.5mgkg‐1 pro Tag behandelt wurde, entwickelte einen schweren Diabetes; er wies auf der ventralen Seite beider Knie und Oberschenkel sieben rotbraune, feste, leicht erhabene Hautläsionen mit einem Durchmesser von 0.1‐1 cm auf. Eine Exzisionsbiopsie zeigte in der Dermis ein granulomatöses Infiltrat, durch‐setzt mit zahlreichen Pilzelementen und Riesen‐zellen. In der Kultur wuchsen aus dem Biopsiematerial nach einer Woche Bebrütung bei 25°C auf Sabouraud‐Glucose‐Agar mit Chloramphenicol dunkelgrüne Kolonien, die als Cladosporium cladosporioides identifiziert wurden. Nach unserer Kenntnis ist diese Pilzart bisher nur ein‐mal als opportunistischer Krankheitserreger aus dem Situs eines Hauttests bei einem HIV‐positi‐ven Patienten isoliert worden.
Haematological alterations induced by biochemical fractions of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in mice
Authors: Hamdan Júnia Soares , Resende M. A. , Franzot S. P. , Cisalpino E. O. 
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung. Von Paracoccidioides brasiliensis wurden biochemische Faktionen zur experimentellen Inokulation in Mäuse und zur hämatologischen Analyse hergestellt. Die geprüften Präparationen waren: Abgetötete ganze Pilzzellen, Ultraschall‐Homogenat der Pilzzellen, Lipidextrakt, Überstand der Lipidausfällung, lipidfreie Ganzzellen, lipidfreies Ultraschall‐Homogenat. Ausgangsmaterial der sechs Fraktionen waren lyophilisierte Zellen der Hefephase eines frischen P. brasiliensis‐Isolats sowie eines Pools aus vier langfristig aufbewahrten Laborstämmen. Unterschiedliche Dosen dieser 12 Fraktionen wurden Mäusen intraperitoneal inokuliert und 30 Tage spärer die hämatologische Analyse durchgeführt. Im roten Blutbild wurden keine signifikanten Änderungen gefunden. Im weißen Blutbild fanden sich jedoch beträchtliche Veränderungen, wie Leukopenie, relative Neutrophilie und Lymphopenie. Eine Thrombozytose trat in weiten Bereichen auf. Die beobachteten hämatologischen Veränderungen waren dosisabhängig ohne Beziehung zur biochemischen Beschaffenheit der einzelnen Fraktionen. Zwischen den Präparaten aus dem Frischisolat und aus den Laborstämmen wurde kein Unterschied in den hämatologischen Befunden gesehen.Summary. Biochemical fractions of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis were obtained for experimental inoculation in mice followed by haematological analysis. Dead total fungus, total fungus disrupted by ultrasonic waves, lipids of the fungus, supernatant of the lipid purification, and integral and disrupted fungus free of lipids were obtained. The six fractions were obtained from lyophilized yeasts of a recent isolate of P. brasiliensis and from a pool comprising equal amounts of four strains maintained in the laboratory for some time. Different doses of the 12 fractions were intraperi‐toneally inoculated into mice and haematological analysis was done 30 days later. No significant alterations were detected in the red blood cell series. However, the white blood cell series showed marked alterations, such as leukopenia, with relative neutrophilia and lymphopenia. Thrombocytosis occurred widely. The haematological alterations revealed associations with the injected doses without relation to the biochemical composition of the different fractions. No difference in the capacity for inducing haematological alterations was found between the fractions obtained from the recent isolate and from the older ones.
Purification and characterization of protease enzymes of Basidiobolus and Conidiobolus species
Authors: Okafor Josephine I. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. The protease enzymes produced by one strain of each of Basidiobolus haptosporus, B. ranarum and Conidiobolus coronatus were purified by precipitation and Sephadex G‐100 gel filtration chromatography. The enzymes prepared were characterized in terms of their specific activities and temperature and pH optima as well as their molecular weights. All three fungi produced one protease of 23 000 Da molecular weight. Conidiobolus coronatus additionally secreted a second protease of 32 000 Da molecular weight.Zusammenfassung. Die von je einem Stamm von Basidiobolus haptosporas, B. ranarum und Conidiobolus coronatus produzitrten Proteasen wurden über Präzipitation und Sephadex G‐100‐Gelfiltrations‐chromatographie gereinigt. Die dargestellten Enzyme wurden dann hinsichtlich ihrer spezifischen Aktivität, ihrer Temperatur‐ und pH‐Optima sowie ihres Molekulargewichts charakterisiert. Alle drei Stämme produzierten eine Protease von 23 000 Da Molekulargewicht. Conidiobolus coronatus sezenierte zusätzlich eine zweite Protease von 32 000 Da Molekulargewicht.
Euphorbia hirta leaves and Musa sapientum fruits in culture media for fungi: Wolfsmilchblätter und Bananenfrüchte in Selektivmedien für Pilze
Authors: Emele F. E. , Agbonlahor D. E. , Ahanotu C. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. Two plant products, Euphorbia hirta leaves and fruits of Musa sapientum, were evaluated as principal ingredients for selective cultivation of fungi. Sapientum glucose agar supported the growth of both dermatophytic, yeast‐like, and saprophytic fungi; growth on this medium compared favourably with growth on Sabouraud glucose agar, a standard mycological medium. Sporulation and pigment formation were stronger on sapientum glucose agar than on Sabouraud glucose agar, although fungal growth on the latter was more luxuriant. Addition of Euphorbia extract to mycological media remarkably enhanced fungal growth on the media, and concomitantly suppressed bacterial growth to a similar extent as did antibiotics. The results of this study suggest that Euphorbia sapientum glucose agar can safely be recommended as a cheap and efficient medium for routine isolation of fungi in both clinical and general mycological studies.Zusammenfassung. Blätter von Euphorbia hirta und Früchte von Musa sapientum, wurden in ihrer Eigenschaft als Bestandteile von Selektivmedien für Pilze bewertet. Sapientum‐Glucose‐Agar förderte das Wachstum sowohl von Dermatophyten als auch von Hefen und Schimmelpilzen; die Wachstumsintensität auf diesem Medium war gut vergleichbar mit dem auf dem mykologischen Standardmedium Sabouraud‐Glucose‐Agar. Sporulierung und Pigmentbildung waren auf Sapientum‐Glucose‐Agar besser als auf Sabouraud‐Glucose‐Agar. Der Zusatz von Euphorbia‐Extrakt hemmte dagegen merklich das Pilzwachstum, unterdrückte aber gleichzeitig Bakterienwachstum vergleichbar einem Antibiotika‐Zusatz. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studies belegen, daßEuphorbia spaientum‐Glucose‐Agar als billiges und brauchbares Medium für die Routine‐Isolierung von Pilzen sowohl in klinischen als auch in allgemeinmykologischen Laboratorien eingesetzt werden kann.
STUDIES ON THE HISTOGENESIS OF EARLY GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Murakami Tadashige 
Published: July 2010

Of the 300 stomach specimens resected at the Fukuda Surgery of Tokyo University since Sept., 1947, 197 cases of gastric cancer were found, and from these the very earliest gastric cancer specimens were selected for the histological study of the development and growth of gastric cancer (10). In 2 of these it seemed that the form of development of gastric cancer was shown in the most convenient way. Of course, in both of these cases the histologic picture was what should be called carcinoma in situ(8).In regard to the development of carcinoma in situ, Konjetzny(5,6) stated that the mother body is a diffuse atrophic or atrophic‐hyperplastic gastritis while Bertrand(4) explained that it is due to “Degenerescence in situ,” developing in localized specific gastritis. Ewing(2) is also trying to recognize the development from a special cancerigenic atrophic‐hyperplastic gastritis as a mode of development of gatric cancer.For the purpose of analyzing more clearly and also stereoscopically the relation between carcinoma in situ focus selected in the way mentioned above and the surrounding part of the focus, the author made serial sections and was able to come to a certain conclusion.At first, the author is going to describe these cases.
Prandial–basal insulin regimens plus oral antihyperglycaemic agents to improve mealtime glycaemia: initiate and progressively advance insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jain S. M. , Mao X. , Escalante‐Pulido M. , Vorokhobina N. , Lopez I. , Ilag L. L. 
Published: July 2010

Aims: To compare two progressive approaches [once‐daily insulin glargine plus ≤3 mealtime lispro (G+L) vs. insulin lispro mix 50/50 (LM50/50) progression once up to thrice daily (premix progression, PP)] of beginning and advancing insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and inadequate glycaemic control on oral therapy, with the aim of showing non‐inferiority of PP to G+L. Methods: Patients were randomized to PP (n = 242) or G+L (n = 242) in a 36‐week, multinational, open‐label trial. Dinnertime insulin LM 50/50 could be replaced with insulin lispro mix 75/25 if needed for fasting glycaemic control. Results: Baseline haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were 9.5% (PP) and 9.3% (G+L); p = 0.095. Change in A1C (baseline to endpoint) was −1.76% (PP) and −1.93% (G+L) (p = 0.097) [between‐group difference of 0.17 (95% confidence interval: −0.03, 0.37)]. Non‐inferiority of PP to G+L was not shown based on the prespecified non‐inferiority margin of 0.3%. A1C was lower with G+L at weeks 12 (7.8 vs. 7.9%; p = 0.042), 24 (7.4 vs. 7.6%; p = 0.046), but not at week 36 (7.5 vs. 7.6%; p = 0.405). There were no significant differences in percentages of patients achieving A1C ≤7%, overall hypoglycaemia incidence and rate or weight change. Total daily insulin dosages at endpoint were higher with PP vs. G+L (0.57 vs. 0.51 U/kg; p = 0.017), likely due to more injections (1.98 vs. 1.79; p = 0.011). Conclusions: Both treatments progressively improved glycaemic control in patients with T2D on oral therapy, although non‐inferiority of PP to G+L was not shown. Higher insulin doses were observed with PP with no between‐treatment differences in overall hypoglycaemia or weight gain.
Compensation Management in Outsourced Service Organizations and Its Implications for Quit Rates, Absenteeism and Workforce Performance: Evidence from Canadian Call Centres
Authors: van Jaarsveld Danielle D. , Yanadori Yoshio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe investigate compensation management in in‐house and outsourced call centres with original establishment‐level data collected in Canada. Our analysis reveals that both customer service representatives (CSRs) and managers employed in outsourced call centres earn 91 per cent of the cash pay earned by their in‐house counterparts. Lower cash pay levels in outsourced call centres are related to higher CSR quit rates and absenteeism. Although CSR cash pay is associated with improved workforce performance, the disparity in cash pay between in‐house and outsourced call centres does not result in a significant difference in workforce performance.
The Movement Toward Independent Directors on Boards: A Comparative Analysis of Sweden and the UK
Authors: Johanson Daniel , Østergren Katarina 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTManuscript Type:ConceptualResearch Question/Issue:The aim of this research study is to theorize about the antecedents of the “board independence norm” (BIN), defined as the standard of having independent directors on corporate boards. The research approach is a comparative analysis of two governance settings – Sweden and the UK.Research Findings/Insights:The UK governance system uses a BIN of power balance from a shareholder perspective, while the Swedish governance system uses a BIN of social connectedness from a stakeholder perspective. However, our findings also suggest that exogenous variables such as pressures to conform to global “best practice” are antecedents of the BIN in the governance codes.Theoretical/Academic Implications:Any global theory of board independence must integrate differences in board structure and ownership patterns, as well as social connectedness in corporate networks. Furthermore, in addition to economic welfare, social welfare and stakeholder balance should also be considered. A synthesis of the “Varieties of Capitalism” and “New Institutional” perspectives considers that corporate governance is embedded in economic, cultural, and social contexts, yet also addresses institutional forces of conformity that are exogenous to the governance system. This seems to be a more promising framework for comparative governance research than “Contingent Agency Theory.”Practitioner/Policy Implications:Multi‐national regulative frameworks should focus on general principles of board independence. Local standard setters might then focus on developing a BIN that fits the specific institutional setting. We provide suggestions about how standard setters in Sweden and the UK can make their BINs more consistent with their settings.
HAZARDS IN IMPLEMENTING A MONETARY CONDITIONS INDEX
Authors: Eika Kari H. , Ericsson Neil R. , Nymoen Ragnar 
Published: July 2010

Some recent studies have suggested constructing a Monetary Conditions Index (or MCI) to serve as an indicator of monetary policy stance. The central banks of Canada, Sweden and Norway all construct an MCI and (to varying degrees) use it in conducting monetary policy. Empirically, an MCI is calculated as the weighted sum of changes in a short‐term interest rate and the exchange rate relative to values in a baseline year. The weights aim to reflect these variables’ effects on longer‐term focuses of policy — economic activity and inflation. This paper derives analytical and empirical properties of MCIs in an attempt to ascertain their usefulness in monetary policy.An MCI assumes an underlying model relating economic activity and inflation to the variables in the MCI. Several issues arise for that model, including its empirical constancy, cointegration, exogeneity, dynamics and potential omitted variables. Because of its structure, the model is unlikely to be constant or to have strongly exogenous variables, yet constancy and exogeneity are critical for the usefulness of an MCI. Empirical analyses of Canadian, Swedish and Norwegian MCIs confirm such difficulties. Thus, the value of an MCI for conduct of economic policy is in doubt.
Testing for Parameter Stability in Dynamic Models across Frequencies*
Authors: Candelon Bertrand , Cubadda Gianluca 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper contributes to the econometric literature on structural breaks by proposing a test for parameter stability in vector autoregressive (VAR) models at a particular frequency ω, where ω ∈ [0, π]. When a dynamic model is affected by a structural break, the new tests allow for detecting which frequencies of the data are responsible for parameter instability. If the model is locally stable at the frequencies of interest, the whole sample size can then be exploited despite the presence of a break. The methodology is applied to analyse the productivity slowdown in the US, and the outcome is that local stability concerns only the higher frequencies of data on consumption, investment and output.
Determinants of egg load in the soybean aphid parasitoid Binodoxys communis
Authors: Dieckhoff Christine , Heimpel George E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe used a series of laboratory studies to investigate factors contributing to variability in egg load of the parasitoid Binodoxys communis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a biological control agent of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae). The change in egg load in newly emerged females over time was determined in response to three treatments: post‐eclosion temperature, sugar meals, and host density. Binodoxys communis females emerge with an average egg load of approximately 40 mature eggs that increases to approximately 200 eggs within 24 h of emergence. The egg maturation rate over this time period is higher when females are held at 26 °C than at 18 °C. And although the egg load of sugar‐fed females was slightly higher than that of starved females, this difference was not statistically significant. Binodoxys communis females that were held with 150 hosts for 8 h laid more eggs than those that were held with 30 hosts, and they also matured more eggs over the subsequent 16 h than those held with 30 hosts or no hosts at all. However, we detected no difference in the egg maturation pattern between B. communis females held with the low host density and that of control females held with no hosts at all. Thus, we conclude that enhanced egg maturation in the higher host‐density treatment is more likely explained by a rapid replenishing of partially depleted ovaries than a host‐induced stimulus of egg maturation per se. Taken together, these results suggest a strategy of maintaining a high egg load and thus avoiding or mitigating the negative effects of egg limitation.
The plantar flexor muscle attachments on the tibia
Authors: Ekenman I. , Tsai‐Felländer L. , Johansson C. , O'Brien M. 
Published: July 2010

Thirty‐six tibiae from 11 female and 7 male cadavers were dissected. Anatomical and histological examinations of the plantar flexor muscle origins at the posteromedial border of the tibia were performed. Many individual variations in the type and size of muscle origin were observed.Muscle fibers and/or connective tissue in different proportions attached the muscle to the periosteum or directly to the cortical bone. The length of the attachments varied greatly and there was a considerable overlap of the muscles in some individuals. The attachments of the flexor digitorum longus overlapped the tibialis posterior and the flexor digitorum longus muscle was overlapped by the soleus muscle. In two cases the soleus muscle did not attach to the tibia at all. Our findings may shed some light on the question as to why some athletes sustain posteromedial tibial stress fractures and others develop shin splits or other posteromedial injuries from similar precipitating activity.