bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical functionalism of azopolymers: Photoinduced orientation and re‐orientation of dendrimer structures of different generations
Authors: Navickaitė Gabrielė , Seniutinas Gediminas , Tomašiūnas Roland , Petruškevičius Raimondas , Kampars Valdis 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report on second order optical nonlinearity in E–O active polymer materials – dendrimer structures of three different generations – investigated by means of all‐optical poling. Chromophores containing azo junction used for experiments were prepared as guest‐host type system based on polycarbonate matrix spin‐coated on a glass substrate. Molecular orientation and subsequent decay kinetics in two modes of reading beam performance, when reading (i) not permanent irradiated or (ii) permanent irradiated, were measured. Depending on the intensity of reading beam the decay for different structures was measured and analyzed. Experimental results show that read‐out intensity determines faster decay of second harmonic signal, i.e., effective “washing‐out” the polar orientation alignment of molecules.
Temporal-logic property preservation under Z refinement
Authors: Derrick John , Smith Graeme 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Formal specification languages such as Z, B and VDM are used in the incremental development of abstract specifications (suitable for establishing required properties) to more concrete specifications (resembling the final implementation). This incremental development process, known as
refinement
, preserves all observable properties of the original abstract specification. Recent research has looked at applying temporal-logic model checking to such specification languages. While this assists in the establishment of properties of the abstract specification, temporal-logic properties typically refer to state variables which are regarded as non-observable. Hence, such properties are not guaranteed to be preserved by refinement. This paper investigates the classes of temporal-logic properties which are preserved by refinement, and for some of those properties that are not preserved in general, the restrictions on the refinement process under which they are preserved. Results are presented for the temporal logics LTL, CTL and the
μ
-calculus and the formal specification language Z. They apply equally, however, to related formal specification languages such as B and VDM.
Dietary Guar Gum Reduces Lymph Flow and Diminishes Lipid Transport in Thoracic Duct‐Cannulated Rats
Authors: Shirouchi Bungo , Kawamura Sayaka , Matsuoka Ryosuke , Baba Sanae , Nagata Kazuko , Shiratake Sawako , Tomoyori Hiroko , Imaizumi Katsumi , Sato Masao 
Published: May 2011

AbstractGuar gum has a well‐recognized hypolipidemic effect. This effect is thought to be due to the physicochemical properties of guar gum, which may cause changes in adsorption of lipids or the viscosity of the intestinal contents. Guar gum is a non‐specific absorption inhibitor of any type of lipid‐soluble compound. Permanent lymph duct cannulation was performed on rats to investigate the effects of dietary guar gum on lymph flow and lipid transport. Rats fed a 5% guar gum diet were compared with those fed a 5% cellulose diet, and lymph was collected after feeding. The water‐holding capacity (WHC), settling volume in water (SV), and viscosity of guar gum were compared with those of cellulose. Rats fed with the guar gum diet had significantly lower lymph flow and lymphatic lipid transport than did rats fed with the cellulose diet. The WHC, SV, and viscosity of guar gum were significantly higher than those of cellulose. We propose that dietary guar gum reduces lymph flow and thereby diminishes lipid transport by means of its physicochemical properties related to water behavior in the intestine.
Service-oriented middleware for the Future Internet: state of the art and research directions
Authors: Issarny Valérie , Georgantas Nikolaos , Hachem Sara , Zarras Apostolos , Vassiliadist Panos , Autili Marco , Gerosa Marco Aurélio , Hamida Amira Ben 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Service-oriented computing is now acknowledged as a central paradigm for Internet computing, supported by tremendous research and technology development over the last 10 years. However, the evolution of the Internet, and in particular, the latest Future Internet vision, challenges the paradigm. Indeed, service-oriented computing has to face the ultra large scale and heterogeneity of the Future Internet, which are orders of magnitude higher than those of today’s service-oriented systems. This article aims at contributing to this objective by identifying the key research directions to be followed in light of the latest state of the art. This article more specifically focuses on research challenges for service-oriented middleware design, therefore, investigating service description, discovery, access, and composition in the Future Internet of services.
The impact of pain in patients with polyneuropathy
Authors: Poliakov Ilia , Toth Cory 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPeripheral neuropathy (PN) is a common impairment which may impact upon quality of life (QoL). Neuropathic pain (NeP) occurs in up to 50% of patients with PN. We hypothesized that disability and impaired quality of life resulting from PN is primarily associated with presence of NeP. Our aim was to determine using prospectively identified PN patients presenting to a tertiary care neuromuscular clinic if presence of NeP (PN + NeP) had greater impact upon QoL than with absence of NeP (PN−NeP). A second aim was to identify if QoL varied based upon etiology of PN. We analyzed neuropathy severity (Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (TCSS)), pain quantity and quality (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score, Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)), QoL and health status measures (EuroQol Instrument 5 Domains (EQ‐5D), Medical Outcomes Sleep Study Scale (MOSSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF‐36)) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) to determine impact of NeP. Although both cohorts were epidemiologically similar and had similar severity of PN, PN + NeP patients had considerably greater impairment for QoL, sleep efficacy, and features of anxiety and depression, leading to substantially greater health care resources utilization when compared to PN−NeP patients. The magnitude of NeP severity was the only explaining variable for increased impact upon QoL measures and diminishing overall wellbeing. Our results confirm that NeP is a primary indicator for worsening QoL and diminished overall wellbeing in PN patients. The etiology of PN did not influence levels of NeP‐related compromise of QoL. Further studies are needed to determine optimal methods for management of PN + NeP patients subjected to a significant physiological, psychological and functional burden.
Norm index formula for the Tate kernels and applications
Authors: Assim J. , Movahhedi A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractLet p be an odd prime and L/F a p-extension of number fields with Galois group G. The aim of this paper is to provide answers to a question of Kahn concerning lower bounds for the order of the kernel and cokernel of the functorial map K2F → K2LG. To this end, we first determine a norm index formula for generalized Tate kernels and then express our lower bounds in terms of the ramification in L/F.
The fundamental theorem via derived Morita invariance, localization, and 1-homotopy invariance
Authors: Tabuada Gonçalo 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe prove that every functor defined on dg categories, which is derived Morita invariant, localizing, and 1-homotopy invariant, satisfies the fundamental theorem. As an application, we recover in a unified and conceptual way, Weibel and Kassel's fundamental theorems in homotopy algebraic K-theory, and periodic cyclic homology, respectively.
Nasal myiasis by Oestrus ovis second stage larva in an immunocompetent man: case report and literature review
Authors: Einer H , Ellegård E 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:We report a case of an Oestrus ovis larva which developed into the second larval stage within a healthy, immunocompetent human, and we review the relevant literature.Methods:Clinical case report and Pubmed search of reports of human nasal myiasis due to Oestrus ovis, especially those describing the larval stage.Results:Humans are not normally hosts of the sheep nasal bot fly, but infestations by its larvae have been described. The eye is the most common site, but larvae have occasionally been found in the human nose. Transformation of larvae into the second and third stages, within the human nose, is even more uncommon.Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge, we report the first Swedish case, and the third case world-wide, of Oestrus ovis larval development beyond the first larval stage, within an immunocompetent, healthy human.
Veno-venous bridges: the forerunners of the sinus venosus defect
Authors: Butts Ryan J. , Crean Andrew M. , Hlavacek Anthony M. , Spicer Diane E. , Cook Andrew C. , Oechslin Erwin N. , Anderson Robert H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiation of the so-called sinus venosus defect from other defects permitting shunting between the atrial chambers remains problematic. The lesion is not a true septal defect, and current theories to explain the existence of the sinus venosus defect fall short. The presence of persistent systemic to pulmonary venous connections has been proposed to explain the existence of the sinus venosus defect.MethodsClinical histories and radiological findings of six patients are reviewed. Three patients have veno-venous bridges, two have partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections, and one patient has a sinus venosus defect. The clinical information is reviewed, along with current developmental and morphological considerations.DiscussionWe provide radiographic, developmental, and morphological evidence to support the theory that a so-called sinus venosus defect is the consequence of persistence of foetal systemic to pulmonary veno-venous bridges, rather than of deficiencies in atrial septation.
Mortality and morbidity in Cushing’s syndrome in New Zealand
Authors: Bolland Mark J. , Holdaway Ian M. , Berkeley Juliet E. , Lim Sarina , Dransfield Will J. , Conaglen John V. , Croxson Michael S. , Gamble Greg D. , Hunt Penny J. , Toomath Robyn J. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryObjective  Untreated Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, recent operative series suggest low morbidity and mortality for CS, whereas population‐based surveys report elevated mortality rates. We investigated the mortality and morbidity of CS in New Zealand.Design  A nationwide retrospective survey of patients with CS between 1960 and 2005 managed at the four main endocrinology services.Patients  A total of 253 patients with CS were identified, excluding adrenal carcinoma and malignant ectopic CS.Measurements  The primary outcome was the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), comparing the observed number of deaths with the expected number for the population matched for age, sex and duration of follow‐up. Secondary outcomes were the change in prevalence of co‐morbidities at presentation and at final follow‐up.Results  The approximate prevalence and incidence of CS was 79/million and 1·8/million/y. The mean age at presentation was 39 year, and median duration of follow‐up was 6·4 year (range 0–46). Overall, 89% achieved biochemical cure at last follow‐up, with >90% achieving biochemical cure for CS from adrenal adenoma and pituitary causes. Thirty‐six patients died during follow‐up compared with 8·8 expected deaths (SMR 4·1, 95%CI 2·9–5·6). While hypertension, sexual dysfunction, myopathy and mild psychiatric illness were significantly reduced after treatment, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, moderate or major psychiatric illness, and osteoporosis were common at final follow‐up.Conclusion  CS is associated with both high mortality and a high prevalence of co‐morbidities, even when biochemical cure rates are between 80% and 90%.
Effect of saponins from Enterolobium cyclocarpum on in vitro microbial fermentation of the tropical grass Pennisetum purpureum
Authors: Rodríguez R. , Fondevila M. 
Published: May 2011

SummaryThe effect of Enterolobium cyclocarpum saponins on the fermentation of Pennisetum purpureum was studied in vitro, with P. purpureum incubated alone (PP), in combination with E. cyclocarpum (EC), E. cyclocarpum without saponins (ER) or with saponins extracted from the same amount of E. cyclocarpum (SP). Gas production was monitored and contents sampled after 24 h for short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) and total microbial mass analyses. SCFA and microbial attachment to P. purpureum using 15N as marker were determined from different bottles at 6, 12 and 24 h. Up to 8 h, gas production was highest for SP and lowest for ER (p < 0.05), probably because highly fermentable solubles were also extracted. Gas from PP was highest from 16 h (p < 0.05). Treatments including saponins (SP and EC) increased propionate (p < 0.001) and decreased acetate and butyrate (p < 0.01) proportions. Stoichiometrically estimated methane concentration was lowest for SP and EC (p < 0.01). Microbial attachment after 24 h was lower for EC and SP than for ER (p < 0.05). Saponins from E. cyclocarpum are responsible for the reduction in gas production when supplemented with P. purpureum and modify the fermentation pattern by increasing propionate proportion and decreasing methane production. Besides, saponins increase total microbial mass, although microbial attachment to the grass substrate was reduced.
Minority Report: Reconsidering Jürgen Moltmann's Turn to a Theology of the Cross
Authors: NEAL RYAN 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAccording to virtually any set of criteria, Jürgen Moltmann's first two programmatic books, Theology of Hope and The Crucified God, are strikingly different. The differences are due to his turn to a theology of the cross in the intervening years. Yet Moltmann, with the vast majority of scholars concurring, argues that the two works form a continuous argument. This article investigates the problems with the consensus judgement and calls for a revision of the relationship between the two works, based on the nature of the cross–resurrection dialectic inherent to his programme and also on both the necessity and timing of the turn.
Paliperidone in the treatment of delirium: results of a prospective open-label pilot trial
Authors: Yoon Ho-Kyoung , Kim Yong-Ku , Han Changsu , Ko Young-Hoon , Lee Heon-Jeong , Kwon Do-Young , Kim Leen 
Published: May 2011

Yoon H-K, Kim Y-K, Han C, Ko Y-H, Lee H-J, Kwon D-Y, Kim L. Paliperidone in the treatment of delirium: results of a prospective open-label pilot trial.Objective: Delirium is a life-threatening neuropsychiatric syndrome characterised by disturbances in consciousness, attention, cognition and perception. Antipsychotics are considered the drugs of choice in managing the symptoms of delirium. Paliperidone is a benzisoxazole derivative and the principal active metabolite of risperidone. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of paliperidone for the treatment of delirium.Methods: A prospective open-label study of paliperidone for delirium treatment was performed with 6-day follow-up. Fifteen patients who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for delirium and had a score of 13 on the Delirium Rating Scale were recruited. The starting dose was 3 mg once a day and the dose was adjusted depending on the status of delirium. Daily assessments of the severity of delirium were evaluated using Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS).Results: The mean daily maintenance dose of paliperidone was 3.75 ± 1.06. The MDAS scores before and after treatment (day 7) were 23.60 ± 6.31 and 11.33 ± 5.45 (t = 6.78, p < 0.001), respectively. The intensity of delirium showed a statistically significant reduction in MDAS scores from the first day of treatment. No serious adverse effects were observed, and none of the patients discontinued paliperidone because of adverse effects.Conclusions: This study shows that low-dose paliperidone is effective in reducing behavioural disturbances and symptoms in delirium and is well tolerated in delirious patients. This trial is an open-label study with a small sample size, and further controlled studies will be necessary.
Collaborative Creation of a Lab Rubric
Authors: Miller-DeBoer Carrie , Eodice Michele 
Published: May 2011

While there are a number of tested rubrics in circulation, our task was to intervene in a particular situation: the lead professor was concerned because her graduate teaching assistants held negative views about student performance on the lab reports. GTAs found poor products frustrating, and admitted that their grading was thus superficial and provided no feedback to students. Specifically, GTAs did not feel equipped to evaluate writing and, as a result, simply graded on steps completed in the lab process.
We have a rubric now for an Introduction to Zoology lab that could be submitted here as a pretty darn good rubric for other instructors to use. But the intent of our “Tips and Tools” is to describe the actual creation of the rubric. We believe the active “real time” development of the rubric carried as much or more value than the finished product.
Cost-Effectiveness of Dabigatran for Stroke Prophylaxis in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Shah Shimoli V. , Gage Brian F. 
Published: May 2011

Background—
Recent studies have investigated alternatives to warfarin for stroke prophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but whether these alternatives are cost-effective is unknown.

Methods and Results—

On the basis of the results from Randomized Evaluation of Long Term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) and other trials, we developed a decision-analysis model to compare the cost and quality-adjusted survival of various antithrombotic therapies. We ran our Markov model in a hypothetical cohort of 70-year-old patients with AF using a cost-effectiveness threshold of $50 000/quality-adjusted life-year. We estimated the cost of dabigatran as US $9 a day. For a patient with an average risk of major hemorrhage (≈3%/y), the most cost-effective therapy depended on stroke risk. For patients with the lowest stroke rate (CHADS
2
stroke score of 0), only aspirin was cost-effective. For patients with a moderate stroke rate (CHADS
2
score of 1 or 2), warfarin was cost-effective unless the risk of hemorrhage was high or quality of international normalized ratio control was poor (time in the therapeutic range <57.1%). For patients with a high stroke risk (CHADS
2
stroke score ≥3), dabigatran 150 mg (twice daily) was cost-effective unless international normalized ratio control was excellent (time in the therapeutic range >72.6%). Neither dabigatran 110 mg nor dual therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) was cost-effective.

Conclusions—
Dabigatran 150 mg (twice daily) was cost-effective in AF populations at high risk of hemorrhage or high risk of stroke unless international normalized ratio control with warfarin was excellent. Warfarin was cost-effective in moderate-risk AF populations unless international normalized ratio control was poor.
MINE: Module Identification in Networks
Authors: Rhrissorrakrai Kahn , Gunsalus Kristin C 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Background
Graphical models of network associations are useful for both visualizing and integrating multiple types of association data. Identifying modules, or groups of functionally related gene products, is an important challenge in analyzing biological networks. However, existing tools to identify modules are insufficient when applied to dense networks of experimentally derived interaction data. To address this problem, we have developed an agglomerative clustering method that is able to identify highly modular sets of gene products within highly interconnected molecular interaction networks.

Results
MINE outperforms MCODE, CFinder, NEMO, SPICi, and MCL in identifying non-exclusive, high modularity clusters when applied to the C. elegans protein-protein interaction network. The algorithm generally achieves superior geometric accuracy and modularity for annotated functional categories. In comparison with the most closely related algorithm, MCODE, the top clusters identified by MINE are consistently of higher density and MINE is less likely to designate overlapping modules as a single unit. MINE offers a high level of granularity with a small number of adjustable parameters, enabling users to fine-tune cluster results for input networks with differing topological properties.

Conclusions
MINE was created in response to the challenge of discovering high quality modules of gene products within highly interconnected biological networks. The algorithm allows a high degree of flexibility and user-customisation of results with few adjustable parameters. MINE outperforms several popular clustering algorithms in identifying modules with high modularity and obtains good overall recall and precision of functional annotations in protein-protein interaction networks from both S. cerevisiae and C. elegans.
Acorn: A grid computing system for constraint based modeling and visualization of the genome scale metabolic reaction networks via a web interface
Authors: Sroka Jacek , Bieniasz-Krzywiec Łukasz , Gwóźdź Szymon , Leniowski Dariusz , Łącki Jakub , Markowski Mateusz , Avignone-Rossa Claudio , Bushell Michael E , McFadden Johnjoe , Kierzek Andrzej M 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

Background
Constraint-based approaches facilitate the prediction of cellular metabolic capabilities, based, in turn on predictions of the repertoire of enzymes encoded in the genome. Recently, genome annotations have been used to reconstruct genome scale metabolic reaction networks for numerous species, including Homo sapiens, which allow simulations that provide valuable insights into topics, including predictions of gene essentiality of pathogens, interpretation of genetic polymorphism in metabolic disease syndromes and suggestions for novel approaches to microbial metabolic engineering. These constraint-based simulations are being integrated with the functional genomics portals, an activity that requires efficient implementation of the constraint-based simulations in the web-based environment.

Results
Here, we present Acorn, an open source (GNU GPL) grid computing system for constraint-based simulations of genome scale metabolic reaction networks within an interactive web environment. The grid-based architecture allows efficient execution of computationally intensive, iterative protocols such as Flux Variability Analysis, which can be readily scaled up as the numbers of models (and users) increase. The web interface uses AJAX, which facilitates efficient model browsing and other search functions, and intuitive implementation of appropriate simulation conditions. Research groups can install Acorn locally and create user accounts. Users can also import models in the familiar SBML format and link reaction formulas to major functional genomics portals of choice. Selected models and simulation results can be shared between different users and made publically available. Users can construct pathway map layouts and import them into the server using a desktop editor integrated within the system. Pathway maps are then used to visualise numerical results within the web environment. To illustrate these features we have deployed Acorn and created a web server allowing constraint based simulations of the genome scale metabolic reaction networks of E. coli, S. cerevisiae and M. tuberculosis.

Conclusions
Acorn is a free software package, which can be installed by research groups to create a web based environment for computer simulations of genome scale metabolic reaction networks. It facilitates shared access to models and creation of publicly available constraint based modelling resources.