bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling the relationships between job burnout and perceived health in a military sample
Authors: Vinokur Amiram D. , Pierce Penny F. , Lewandowski‐Romps Lisa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe reciprocal and longitudinal effects of job burnout and perceived health were examined in a sample of Air Force personnel (N = 1,009) deployed to the wars in Iraq, Afghanistan and supporting locations. We estimated a structural equation model that described the relationships between the job burnout and perceived health and their effects on each other over time. The data fit the model exceedingly well as demonstrated by the goodness of fit measures (normed fit index, non‐normed fit index, comparative fit index = 0.97, 0.99, 0.99, respectively, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.01). As hypothesized, burnout and perceived health are negatively associated with each other (r = −0.33). Over a one‐year follow‐up period, perceived health predicted a decrease in job burnout (β = −0.20) and job burnout predicted a decrease in perceived health (β = −0.10). The predicted effect of perceived health on job burnout was shown to be significantly larger than the effect of burnout on health. This latter finding is interpreted to result from the conceptualization and measurement of job burnout as limited to a single life domain and also to the possibility that job burnout fluctuates with changing working conditions over time more than perceived health. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative emotionality in a large community sample of adolescents: the factor structure and measurement invariance of the short version of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS‐21)
Authors: Willemsen Jochem , Markey Samuel , Declercq Frédéric , Vanheule Stijn 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine five possible models of negative emotionality using the short version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) in a large sample of non‐clinical adolescents (N = 677). The results from our confirmatory factor analysis reveal that negative emotionality in adolescents is best represented by the tripartite model. Our findings are in line with other studies regarding the structure of negative emotionality in adolescents and provide support for the validity of the tripartite model of negative emotionality underlying the DASS‐21 in adolescent boys and girls. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic capabilities as antecedents of the scope of related diversification: the case of small firm accountancy practices
Authors: Døving Erik , Gooderham Paul N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe propose that differences in the scope of related diversification in firms can be accounted for by differences in their dynamic capabilities. In order to test this, we analyze 254 Norwegian small firm accountancy practices' possession of key dynamic capabilities including the heterogeneity of their human capital, their internal development routines, and their alliances with complementary service providers. We also analyze the influence of strategic choice, in terms of the positioning of the practice and its underlying strategic intent. While we observe no clear effects for these two latter factors, we find that dynamic capabilities have a distinct impact on the scope of services. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monoaminergic modulation of emotional impact in the inferomedial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Geday Jacob , Gjedde Albert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPeople assess the impact of emotionally loaded images differently. We define this impact as the average difference between individual ratings of standardized “pleasant” and “unpleasant” images. To determine the neuroanatomical correlate of a hypothetical interaction between emotional impact and cerebral excitability, we first determined the individual effect on cerebral blood flow of a pharmacological challenge with the monoamine reuptake inhibitor clomipramine in nine healthy volunteers. In a later, independent, session the nine volunteers rated pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant images of the standard Empathy Picture System on a scale from +3 to −3. We then used regression analysis to identify sites in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex at which the two separately acquired measures, blood flow change and emotional impact of images, correlated significantly. The regression analysis identified a locus in Brodmann's area 11 of the inferomedial prefrontal cortex (IMPC) at which these two separate measures had significant inverse correlation. Thus, under the specific circumstance of positron emission tomography (PET) of a pharmacological challenge, a key region of the inferomedial prefrontal cortex underwent deactivation in proportion to a separately rated emotional impact of a stimulus. We propose a specific pharmacodynamic mechanism that explains the correlation between the emotional impact and the effect of a serotonin‐noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor on cerebral blood flow. Synapse 63:160–166, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased synapses in the medial prefrontal cortex are associated with repeated amphetamine administration
Authors: Morshedi Maud M. , Rademacher David J. , Meredith Gloria E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPsychostimulant drug experience leads not only to long‐lasting changes in behavior but also modifications in the activity and morphology of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The objective of this study was to establish whether repeated treatment of rats with amphetamine (AMPH) is accompanied by changes in the pattern or types of synapses in the mPFC and, specifically, onto neurons that project to the lateral hypothalamus, where our earlier work has shown increased markers of neuronal activity after repeated AMPH treatment (Morshedi and Meredith [2008] Psychopharmacology (Berl) 197:179–189). Rats were treated with a behaviorally sensitizing regimen of AMPH, following which synapses in the infralimbic and prelimbic cortices of the mPFC, were analyzed with unbiased stereology (physical disector and electron microscopy). All synapses were counted and their targets were identified by standard methodological criteria. Repeated AMPH administration was associated with a significant increase in the number of asymmetric axospinous synapses, no change in axodendritic or axosomatic contacts, and no change in the total number of synapses on corticolateral hypothalamic pyramidal neurons compared to vehicle‐treated rats. Therefore, behavioral sensitization as a result of repeated exposure to AMPH is accompanied by the increased formation of spine, but not dendritic, synapses onto pyramidal neurons in the mPFC. Synapse 63:126–135, 2009. ©2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subthalamic nucleus stimulation and lesioning have distinct state‐dependent effects upon striatal dopamine metabolism
Authors: Walker Ruth H. , Koch Rick J. , Moore Cynthia , Meshul Charles K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe mechanism by which deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) achieves its effects in Parkinson's disease (PD) is not known. In animal models of PD, stimulation and lesioning of the STN have some effects which are the same, but others which differ, in reversing cellular and behavioral changes induced by dopamine depletion. We compared the effects of short‐term STN stimulation and lesions upon extracellular levels of dopamine and metabolites using in vivo microdialysis of the dorsal striatum of awake, intact and unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine (6OHDA)‐lesioned rats. STN stimulation in control rats decreased striatal dopamine levels and caused a relative increase in dopamine metabolism, as expressed by HVA/dopamine and DOPAC/dopamine ratios. This suggests an increase in both vesicular dopamine release (metabolized to HVA), and release from the cytoplasmic dopamine pool (metabolized to DOPAC). STN lesions in control rats increased the HVA/dopamine ratio, also suggesting a relative increase in vesicular dopamine release. These results indicate that STN stimulation and lesioning can affect striatal dopamine metabolism in the intact system. In 6OHDA‐lesioned rats at baseline, metabolic ratios were markedly decreased as compared with controls. STN lesions of 6OHDA‐lesioned rats did not affect relative metabolic ratios as compared with baseline levels. In 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats, STN stimulation decreased extracellular levels of dopamine, and, to a greater extent, metabolites, resulting in a decrease in metabolic ratios. This further decrease in dopamine turnover with STN stimulation would serve to maintain dopamine levels in the dopamine‐depleted striatum, and may account for the therapeutic benefit of DBS in Parkinson's disease. Synapse 63:136–146, 2009. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mammalian Phosphatidylinositol 4‐Kinases
Authors: Heilmeyer Ludwig M. G. , Szivák Ilona , Vereb György , Kakuk Annamária , Vereb György 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase isoforms, PI4K 230, 92 and 55 have been cloned and sequenced allowing a much wider characterization than the previously employed enzymological typing into type II and III enzymes. PI4K 230 and 92 contain a highly conserved catalytic core, PI4K55 one with a much lower degree of similarity. Candidate kinase motifs, deduced from the protein kinase super family, are absolutely conserved in all isoforms. Kinase activities are described based on their sensitivity and reactivity towards wortmannin, phenylarsine oxide (PAO) and 5′‐p‐fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine (FSBA). Localization of all isoforms in the cell is reported. All enzymes contain nuclear localization and export sequence motifs (NLS and NES) leading to the expectation that they can be transferred to the nucleus. PI4K230 has been found in the nucleolus, PI4K92 in the nucleus, additionally further broadening the function of these enzymes. In the cytoplasm of neuronal cells, PI4K230 is distributed evenly on membranes that are ultra structurally cisterns of the rough endoplasmatic reticulum, outer membranes of mitochondria, multivesicular bodies, and are in close vicinity of synaptic contacts. PI4K92 is functionally characterized as a key enzyme regulating Golgi disintegration/reorganization during mitosis probably via phosphorylation by cyclin‐dependent kinases on well‐defined sites. PI4K55 is involved in the production of second messengers, diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (InsP3) at the plasma membrane, moreover, in the endocytotic pathway in the cytoplasm.
Directions for research and development: alternative methods of assessing scientific literacy
Authors: Champagne Audrey B. , Newell Sigrin T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEducators' current enthusiasm for alternative assessment has roots in political and intellectual concerns. American science students do not do well on international comparisons or on tests of science literacy. Blame for these shortcomings is laid on multiple‐choice tests and their focus on isolated facts. But if alternative assessment is to fulfill its promise, research and development need to be done in a coordinated way. This article lays out an agenda for developing assessment tools and researching their effectiveness. A series of design tasks is proposed, followed by related research questions for each task. Needed theoretical research includes studies of the effects of alternative assessment on policy and practice as well as the development of new psychometric techniques. Influences of new assessment forms on learning and motivation theory are also discussed.
Perspectives on complexity: An essay on curricular reform
Authors: Anderson Ronald D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCurricular reform is a complex endeavor having many facets including (a) the development of teaching materials, (b) the identification of appropriate instructional approaches, (c) the implementation of processes by which these new materials and approaches will be introduced into practice and sustained, and (d) the appropriate attention to the social context in which it all occurs. Its full understanding requires that it be viewed from a multiplicity of perspectives including various psychological, socio‐cultural, subject matter, philosophical, and economic perspectives. In this essay, the many facets of curricular reform are explored in terms of what scholarship from these many perspectives has to offer. Examples of research results are cited and promising research opportunities are identified.
The local educational change process and policy implementation
Authors: Hall Gene E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThat change is a process, not an event, is being accepted gradually by educators, policy makers, and researchers. Just as development of an innovation takes time, specialized personnel, and resources, so does implementation. A number of issues and implications related to viewing innovation development and implementation as a process need to be addressed. Planning for, facilitating implementation, and evaluating the change process varies depending on whether there is a single innovation, innovation bundle, hyperinnovation or large—scale innovation. Instead of top down, or bottom up, in all cases, the various participants must strive to level the playing field. Change processes are most successful when policy makers, practitioners, and researchers understand that all are part of the same effort and each has an essential role in achieving implementation success.
Conceptions of natural selection: a snapshot of the sense‐making process
Authors: Settlage John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeveral studies have examined the alternative conceptions that students possess about the process of natural selection. The goal of this study was to explore the nature of the changes in students' explanations of evolutionary scenarios. Fifty names were randomly selected from a pool of over 200 high school students who took a pretest prior to and a posttest following instruction about evolution. Teleological and Lamarckian explanations accounted for over half of the students' explanation on the pretest, but dropped to less than 20% on the posttest. Most of the students that, on the pretest, attributed evolutionary change to individual need for a trait or extended use or disuse of some part of the body shifted, on the posttest, to explanations that described the role of a population's variation to the evolutionary process. Explanations that included the idea of spontaneous genetic mutations increased, but this totalled less than 10% of all posttest responses.
A study of the presence of evolutionary protoconcepts in pre‐high school textbooks
Authors: Jeffery Kodi R. , Roach Linda E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAbstract Elementary and middle school science texts were analyzed for the presence of evolutionary protoconcepts, which are defined as topics that prepare students to study evolution in later years. Elementary and middle school texts were content‐analyzed for protoconcepts in both life science and earth science. Seventeen concepts considered important for student understanding of evolution were gleaned from the misconception literature and used to review the life science texts. Concepts used to analyze other texts were chosen by exploring all texts used in the analysis for any topics that might qualify as evolutionary protoconcepts, thus generating grounded theory. Coverage of evolutionary protoconcepts varies considerably among published textbooks. We recommend using this analysis when considering textbooks for adoption and for supplementing texts currently in use. We also recommended this type of analysis of textbooks for inclusion of other topics of interest to science education research.
The Great evolution trial: Use of role‐play in the classroom
Authors: Duveen Jonathan , Solomon Joan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article gives both the pedagogic and scientific thinking that guided the construction of a classroom role‐play—The Great Evolution Debate. This role‐play is about the publication of Darwin's The Origin of Species, which is supposed to be on trial for blasphemy. Historical characters are used to show the range of ideas which were current at that time. The literature on learning history, and on learning about the nature of science, is discussed, leading to an examination of historical empathy as a classroom objective. The reasons for including the various characters in the role‐play are explained. The exercise has been used by 15 to 16‐year‐old students in British high schools with considerable success, and some tentative findings about learning from role‐play are drawn from its observation.
Combined chemical and genetic approach to inhibit proteolysis by the proteasome
Authors: Collins Galen A. , Gomez Tara Adele , Deshaies Raymond J. , Tansey William P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRegulated protein destruction by the proteasome is crucial for the maintenance of normal cellular homeostasis. Much of our understanding of proteasome function stems from the use of drugs that inhibit its activity. Curiously, despite the importance of proteasomal proteolysis, previous studies have found that proliferation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is relatively resistant to the effects of proteasome inhibitors such as MG132, even in the presence of mutations that increase inhibitor levels in cells. We reasoned that part of the resistance of S. cerevisiae to proteasome inhibitors stems from the fact that most proteasome inhibitors preferentially target the chymotryptic activity of the proteasome, and that the caspase‐like and tryptic sites within the 20S core could compensate for proteasome function under these conditions. To test this hypothesis, we generated a strain of yeast in which the gene encoding the drug efflux pump Pdr5 is deleted, and the tryptic and caspase‐like proteasome activities are inactivated by mutation. We find that this strain has dramatically increased sensitivity to the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Under these conditions, treatment of yeast with MG132 blocks progression through the cell cycle, increases the accumulation of polyubiquitylated proteins and decreases the ability to induce transcription of certain genes. These results highlight the contribution of the caspase‐like and tryptic activities of the proteasome to its function, and provide a strategy to potently block proteasomal proteolysis in yeast that has practical applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Alkyl Sulfate on the Phase Behavior of Microemulsions Stabilized with Monoacylglycerols
Authors: Szeląg Halina , Szumała Patrycja 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study the effect of an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate SDS) and oils (hydrocarbons: C12–C16) on the formation and phase behavior of the systems of oil/monoacylglycerols (MAG):SDS/propylene glycol/water has been investigated. The effects of the surfactant mixture on the phase behavior and the concentration of water or oil in the systems were studied at three temperatures (50, 55, 60 °C). Electrical conductivity measurement, FT‐IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry methods were applied to determine the structure and type of the microemulsions formed. The dimension of microemulsion droplets was characterized by dynamic light scattering. It has been stated that the concentration of SDS has a strong influence on the shape and extent of the microemulsion areas. Addition of an ionic surfactant to the mixture with MAG promotes an increase in the area of microemulsion formation in the phase diagrams, and these areas of the isotropic region change with the temperature. It was shown that the presence in the systems of a surfactant more hydrophilic than MAG caused an increase in water content in the microemulsions. It was found that, depending on temperature and concentration of the surfactant mixture, it was possible to obtain a W/O type microemulsion with a dispersed particles size distribution ranging from 20 to 50 nm and containing about 17–38% water in the system. Among different alkanes (from C12 to C16), hexadecane embedded microemulsions showed a maximum water solubilization capacity.
Towards a cognitive neuroscience of intentional action and nonaction
Authors: Brass M. , Kühn S. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The question of how we can voluntarily con­trol our behaviour has an enduring fascina­tion for researchers from different disciplines such as philosophy and psychology. At the same time, this question is also related to is­sues of social relevance such as responsibili­ty and self-control. While research on willed action was long obsessed with the problem of free will, important research in this do­main has shifted away from this problem and rather investigates the functional and neural mechanisms underlying intentional action. Recent brain imaging research showed that intentional behaviour can be distinguished from externally guided behaviour on a func­tional neuroanatomical level. Furthermore, it was proposed that intentional action can be decomposed into different subcomponents. Here we provide an overview of the function­al neuroanatomy of intentional action. Fur­thermore, we discuss recent research of our group on intentional stopping and intention­al nonaction.
Social vulnerability predicts cognitive decline in a prospective cohort of older Canadians
Authors: Andrew Melissa K. , Rockwood Kenneth 
Published: July 2010

BackgroundAlthough numerous social factors have been associated with cognition in older adults, these findings have been limited by the consideration of individual factors in isolation. We investigated whether social vulnerability, defined as an index comprising many social factors, is associated with cognitive decline.MethodsIn this secondary analysis of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging, 2468 community‐dwellers aged 70 and older were followed up for 5 years. The social vulnerability index incorporated 40 social variables. Each response was scored as 0 if the “deficit” was absent and 1 if it was present; the 40 deficit scores were then summed. For some analyses, index scores were split into tertiles of high, intermediate, and low social vulnerability. Cognitive decline was defined as a ≥5‐point decline in the Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination (3MS). Associations of social vulnerability with 5‐year cognitive decline (adjusting for age, sex, frailty, and baseline cognition) were analyzed by using logistic regression.ResultsMean social vulnerability was 0.25 (standard deviation, 0.09) or 9.9 deficits of the list of 40. The median cognitive change of –1.0 (interquartile range, –6 to 2) points on the 3MS was noted at 5 years. About 743 individuals (30% of the sample) experienced a decline of ≥5 points on the 3MS. Each additional social deficit was associated with increased odds of cognitive decline (odds ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.06;P= .02). Compared with those with low social vulnerability, individuals with high social vulnerability had a 36% increased odds of experiencing cognitive decline (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.74;P= .015).ConclusionsIncreasing social vulnerability, defined by using a social vulnerability index incorporating many social factors, was associated with increased odds of cognitive decline during a period of 5 years in this study of older Canadians. Further study of social vulnerability in relation to cognition is warranted, with particular attention to potential interventions to alleviate its burden.