bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential of (−)‐o‐[11C]methylvesamicol for diagnosing cholinergic deficit dementia
Authors: Shiba Kazuhiro , Nishiyama Shingo , Tsukada Hideo , Ishiwata Kiichi , Kawamura Kazunori , Ogawa Kazuma , Mori Hirofumi 
Published: July 2010

Abstract(−)‐o‐Methylvesamicol ((−)‐OMV) exhibited in vitro a high affinity for a vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) (Ki, 6.7 nM), and (−)‐o‐[11C]methylvesamicol [(−)‐[11C]OMV] exhibited appropriate kinetics and bound mainly to VAChTs in the rat brain. In this study, the in vivo distribution and kinetics of (−)‐[11C]OMV were evaluated in comparison with [11C]SA4503 in disability model monkeys produced by selectively destroying the p75NTR‐positive cells in the right hemisphere of the brain using positron emission tomography. Time–activity curves of (−)‐[11C]OMV showed peaks within 20 min in regions rich in acetylcholine transporters (AchT). (−)‐[11C]OMV binding in the ipsilateral cortex to the lesion was significantly reduced by 22.0% ± 6.7% when compared with that in the contralateral region. The decrease (19.3% ± 2.2%) in (−)‐[11C]OMV binding in the ipsilateral temporal cortex to the lesion was greater than that (7.4% ± 4.6%) of [11C]SA4503. These results suggested that (−)‐[11C]OMV may be useful in the study of dementia characterized by degeneration of the cholinergic neurotransmitter system. Synapse 63:167–171, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zinc Coordination Complex for use in Uniform ZnS Microflowers Synthesis
Authors: Mi Liwei , Han Minle , Li Zhen , Yang Fengling , Shen Changyu , Zheng Zhi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUniform snowball zinc sulfide (ZnS) microflowers with nanosheet covering were synthesized using the one step reaction of zinc coordination compounds with thiourea at 160 °C for 24 h. X‐ray single crystal diffraction, electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, and X‐ray diffraction were used to characterize the products. The flower‐like ZnS crystals may have some application in catalyst or solar cell devices. This work is also expected to be applied in the fabrication of other transition metal sulfide crystals with special morphology.
A review of reported litigation against English health trusts for the treatment of children in orthopaedics: Present trends and suggestions to reduce mistakes
Authors: Atrey A. , Nicolaou N. , Katchburian M. , Norman-Taylor F. 
Published: July 2010

Purpose Large scale databases that offer a reflection of clinical negligence are rare. By assessing commonly occuring cases of negligence, we hope to highlight areas where pediatric orthopedic care might be improved. One such database is the National Health Service Litigation Authority, which deals with claims brought against all health trusts in England. By collating their data we aimed to highlight areas of commonly occurring clinical negligence and then suggest ways to avoid similar happening again. Method We reviewed all cases pertaining to pediatric orthopedic claims between 1995 to 2006 as provided by the NHSLA. Results Of those considered in our study (341), by far the most common cause of litigation is missed or incorrectly diagnosed injuries/ conditions—accounting for 57% of all cases. 44% of those are upper limb injuries, mainly fractures around the elbow. Misdiagnosed disorders of the hip such as hip dysplasia and SCFE also represent a frequent reason for litigation (11%). Other common causes are poor plaster application and removal (7.3%) and non-surgical site specific errors such as chemical burns from skin prep. Conclusion Although specific to the English system, these findings are likely to mirror that found in other countries. Highlighting these commonly occurring errors, better education of doctors in targeted areas and due care in simple procedures may have significant improvement of child orthopedic care.
Les perspectives changeantes de la gestion hospitalière
Authors: Chenoy Neville C. , Carlow Donald R. 
Published: July 2010

Compte tenu des changements profonds qui affectent la prestation des services sanitaires et sociaux au Canada, la gestion hospitalière doit tendre à la protection et à la valorisation de l'établissement en faveur de son propriétaire (c.-à-d. le contribuable) et pouvoir être comptable de son fonctionnement envers la collectivité desservie. Sur la base de la documentation existante, les auteurs suggèrent que le rôle et les responsabilités du conseil d'administration d'un établissement de santé se focalisent autour de sept activités fondamentales: définition de la mission, de la philosophie et des orientations de l'organisme; choix et évaluation du chef de la direction; établissement d'un code d'éthique; haute qualité des soins et de la prestation de services; mobilisation des ressources en faveur de l'organisme et utilisation avisée des mêmes; intégration de l'organisme à son milieu; auto-évaluation, formation et perfectionnement. Afin de jouer pleinement leur rôle, les conseils hospitaliers devront nouer des liens plus directs avec la collectivité qu'ils servent et s'initier à prendre leurs décisions au vu et au su de la population.
Surgical Waiting Lists I: Definition, Desired Characteristics and Uses
Authors: Amoko Donald H.A. , Modrow Robert E. , Tan Joseph K.H. 
Published: July 2010

In the first of this two-part series, the authors define waiting lists, review the waiting list situation in Canada, discuss factors affecting such lists, outline their desired characteristics and describe the analysis and use of waiting list data. The manner in which lists are compiled results in significant differences which makes the meaning of waiting lists difficult to determine. From the literature reviewed and interviews with various health service executives, the authors show that waiting lists, as compiled today, are not a valid and reliable measure of the extent of unmet demands for hospital care. In Part II, which will be published in the next issue of FORUM, the authors will present the results of an exploratory survey done to determine how waiting lists and times are presently being compiled and used in secondary and tertiary hospitals. These findings will be summarized and compared to the desired characteristics and uses of a waiting list as presented in Part I.
The Chief Information Officer in Canadian Hospitals: Fact or Fancy?
Authors: Protti Denis J. , Carmichael Vicki 
Published: July 2010

Although the title “chief information officer” (CIO) has enjoyed some success in the private sector, it is not yet a common term in Canadian health care. However, with the explosion of information technology, the particular responsibilities of the person overseeing hospital information are significantly different from those using the title “chief financial officer”, “chief operating officer” or “associate/assistant executive director”. To determine the popularity of the term in Canada, 146 hospitals with more than 200 beds were surveyed. In all, the person handling hospital information had 40 different titles, with 11 appearing more than once. Only two respondents used CIO as a title. It is suggested that a CIO is a bridge between older systems and models, and new technologies and techniques. The future success of CIOs in Canadian health care, however, depends partly on those holding the positions today, and their acceptance that information is both a resource and a strategic opportunity.
Projet de financement des soins de courte durée de l'Alberta
Authors: Jacobs Philip , Hall Edward M. , Lave Judith R. , Glendining Murray 
Published: July 2010

En 1988, l'Alberta a créé le Acute Care Funding Project (ACFP), un nouveau système de financement des hôpitaux qui institue des redressements budgétaires du budget global pour favoriser l'équité entre les hôpitaux. En principe, l'initiative marque un écart significatif par rapport à l'ancienne méthode de financement. L'ACFP a subi des changements substantiels pendant le mécanisme de développement. L'ACFP est résumé et critiqué, et l'on insiste sur l'aspect interne de la situation. Divers éléments du projet font l'objet de discussions, comme l'indicateur de rendement hospitalier, la mesure de rendement hospitalier, le groupe amélioré de diagnostic connexe, les facteurs de pondération de cas, les cas typiques et limites et les mécanismes d'établissements des coûts. Depuis sa mise en oeuvre, on a apporté des changements substantiels à l'ACFP; on traite de ceux-ci, de même que certains des problèmes qui restent à régler. Dans l'ensemble, le système offre des encouragements pour réduire le séjour et augmenter l'efficacité des soins internes.
Getting Together: Administrative and Clinical Teamwork Creates a Geriatric Care Program for the Hospital
Authors: Wells Donna L. , Saltmarche Anita , Adolphus Patricia , Marshall Kerry 
Published: July 2010

Sunnybrook Medical Centre, Toronto, has designed a written, multidisciplinary program of care for elderly patients in acute care. The program includes specific community outreach activities that support the in-hospital program and addresses the challenges presented by an increasingly aged population. Some of its objectives are to develop a measurement for length of stay patterns, a reduction in the number of patients waiting for relocation to a long-term care institution (commonly and derogatorily referred to as “placement problems”) and an increase in patient, family and staff satisfaction. A method for program evaluation is being designed. The program takes a three-level approach to care: (1) the non-problematic elderly patient, (2) the more complex elderly patient and (3) the care of patients who have finished treatment for their acute illness but who require long-term care institutionalization.
The Metropolitan Toronto Regional Geriatric Program: An Innovative Method of Health Care Delivery
Authors: Darby Edward L. , Kirkland Ann , Nordal Clifford 
Published: July 2010

The co-ordination of hospital services in large metropolitan areas presents a formidable challenge. History, university relationships, geography and a tradition of independence and autonomy mitigate against co-operative regional ventures. A new program is evolving in Metropolitan Toronto which represents a significant change in the delivery of specialized geriatric services. The regional geriatric program has been established with direct funding from the Ontario Ministry of Health and contractual agreements with participating hospitals to provide specific geriatric services. It is a collaborative venture with the participating hospitals and the University of Toronto voluntarily participating in its management and policy direction. Although many issues have yet to be resolved regarding the relationship of the program to the Ministry, between the hospitals and with the community, this model may become prevalent in other areas of specialty services, such as trauma and oncology.
Planning French-Language Health Services: A Case Illustration of Niagara Region
Authors: Zalot Gary N. , Langstaff James H. 
Published: July 2010

Niagara's health plan for the ‘90s includes a French-language service component and is a joint effort of the Niagara District Health Council (NDHC) and l'association canadienne française de l'Ontario (ACFO), whose mandate includes the promotion of francophone objectives and perspectives in Ontario.The planning process undertaken contains traditional “hard” elements of planning such as the collection of data, data analysis and recommendations. It also contains the “soft” elements, which are discussed by a review of the major tasks: designing the project structure; designing the research method; formulating a network of health and related social services; and building consensus toward the final plan of action.The results of the study produced 23 recommendations to address five key issue areas, which will ensure that plans become a reality with tangible results for Niagara's French-speaking community.
Conséquences des réalités socio-économiques urbaines sur la gestion stratégique des hôpitaux
Authors: Shah Narendra , Vatieri Giovanni 
Published: July 2010

L'Ontario se lance dans une restructuration de son réseau de santé et réaménage ses ressources pour répondre aux besoins fondés sur la population, ce qui oblige les fournisseurs de soins de santé et les organismes de planification à établir le lien entre les données épidémiologiques (situation de santé, démographique et socio-économique d'une collectivité) et à en évaluer les conséquences sur les tendances d'utilisation des hôpitaux. L'un des grands défis des hôpitaux et des autres fournisseurs de soins est de «connaître la collectivité» selon ces principes. Nous résumons ici les résultats d'un examen multidimensionnel d'une section d'une grande collectivité urbaine et l'intégrons à l'utilisation des lits de soins actifs dans les hôpitaux. Nous offrons des observations générales à l'intention des décideurs et de la direction des hôpitaux.
Weighting Case Mix Groups: The Fatal Flaw in Resource Intensity Weights
Authors: Botz Charles K. 
Published: July 2010

Resource Intensity Weights (RIWs) for Case Mix Groups (CMGs) are calculated using American Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) weights and Canadian average-length-of-stay data. However, this calculation does not actually “Canadianize” DRG weights; it only serves to randomize them. This article demonstrates the lack of the all-important relationship between RIWs and CMG costs by using simplified graphical examples.Notwithstanding the deficiencies of RIWs, the concept of weighted CMGs is fundamentally sound. Accordingly, until MIS-level reporting is widely implemented and a sufficiently large and reliable domestic database has been accumulated, it may not be entirely inappropriate for Canadian health care institutions to use unadulterated American DRGs for case mix analysis and fiscal planning.
Assessing Franchising Sector Maturity: Australian Evidence
Authors: Frazer Lorelle 
Published: July 2010

Business format franchising in Australia has been consistently growing since the start of the 1970s. The development of the franchising sector has been traced through periodic surveys from 1988 to 1998 and the latest presents an opportunity to assess the level of maturity attained. No widely accepted basis exists for measuring maturity in a nation's franchising sector. As a result, a framework for assessing the level of development is proposed, consisting of a number of attributes that may be expected to develop over time. The performance of Australian franchises is compared against these attributes wherever appropriate evidence is available from the surveys. The conclusion is reached that Australian franchising exhibits many of the attributes that indicate the achievement of a level of early maturity. Some aspects however have not yet developed to the extent expected. These offer opportunities for national franchise associations and governments to develop strategies strengthening franchise performance.
Newly defined conditions for thein vitrocultivation and cryopreservation ofDientamoeba fragilis: new techniques set to fast track molecular studies on this organism
Authors: BARRATT J. L. N. , BANIK G. R. , HARKNESS J. , MARRIOTT D. , ELLIS J. T. , STARK D. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYDientamoeba fragilisis a pathogen of the human gastrointestinal tract that is a common cause of diarrhoea. A paucity of knowledge on thein vitrocultivation and cryopreservation ofDientamoebahas meant that few studies have been conducted to investigate its biology. The objective of this study was to define, for the first time,in vitroculture conditions able to support the long-termin vitrogrowth ofDientamoeba. Also, we aimed to define a suitable method for cryopreserving viableDientamoebatrophozoites. A modified BD medium, TYGM-9, Loeffler's slope medium, Robinson's medium, Medium 199, Trichosel and aTritrichomonas fetusmedium were compared, using cell counts, for their ability to support the growth ofD. fragilisat various temperatures and atmospheric conditions. Loeffler's slope medium supported significantly better growth compared to other media. A temperature of 42°C and a microaerophilic atmosphere were also optimum forDientamoebagrowth. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe and compare different culture media and conditions for the growth of clinical isolates ofD. fragilis.This new technology will aid the development of diagnostics for dientamoebiasis as well as facilitate large-scale sequencing projects that will fast track molecular studies onD. fragilis.
The effect of larval density on pre-imaginal development in two species of desert fleas
Authors: KHOKHLOVA I. S. , HOVHANYAN A. , DEGEN A. ALLAN , KRASNOV B. R. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWe studied the effect of density of larvae on pre-imaginal development in 2 flea species (Xenopsylla conformisandXenopsylla ramesis) parasitic on 2 desert rodent species (Dipodillus dasyurus, adult body mass 20 g andMeriones crassus, 80 g). We predicted a decrease in duration of development with an increase in density of larvae. In general, in both flea species, duration of larva-to-pupa development decreased with an increasing larval density. In addition, this stage of development was longer in male fleas and in fleas from parents fed onD. dasyurus. The effect of larval density on larval development was manifested mainly when parent fleas fed onD. dasyurus. Duration of pupation decreased with increasing larval density only in offspring of fleas fed onG. dasyurus. In both fleas, pupation was longer in males. The effect of parent host on duration of pupation was found inX. ramesisonly (longer if the host wasM. crassus). Resistance of newly emerged fleas to starvation depended mainly on parent host species. YoungX. conformissurvived longer if their parents fed onD. dasyurus, whereas youngX. ramesissurvived longer if their parents fed onM. crassus. It was also found that (a) an individual flea that spent more time as a larva also spent more time as a pupa and (b) longer larval development resulted in a shorter time that a newly emerged flea was able to survive when starved.
The cognitive science of religion: a modified theist response
Authors: LEECH DAVID , VISALA AKU 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCritics of religion have recently claimed that the natural explanation of religious-belief formation offered by the Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR) is incompatible with theism. Defenders of theism have in turn responded to these claims by arguing for the compatibility of the CSR account with theism. In this paper we propose a modified defence of the compatibility of the CSR account with theism which supplements extant theistic arguments by drawing out the implications of certain points about the nature of CSR explanation which have so far been left relatively unexploited. In developing this defence, we argue that extant atheistic and theistic readings of the CSR can be understood as accepting certain presuppositions, especially about the relative centrality of the CSR account in explaining religious belief, which, we argue, would be detrimental to the theist case were they actually intended, and which should be clearly rejected. We suggest that the theist should argue explicitly from the nature of CSR explanation to its compatibility with theism.
Institutions as swords and shields: multilateral counter-terrorism since 9/11
Authors: ROMANIUK PETER 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInternational institutions are prominent in the ‘global War on Terror’. But there remains variation in the institutionalisation of counter-terrorism, across policy domains and over time. I argue that institutions pursue tasks of counter-terrorism when they are backed by power. Institutions function as ‘swords’ as strong states seek to influence others. Weak states, too, are sensitive to the distributional consequences of cooperation and use institutions as ‘shields’ to resist the powerful. These claims are reflected in patterns of cooperation within the UN, and in terrorist financing and maritime security. Looking forward, multilateral counter-terrorism may remain contingent upon state power.
Invasive group A streptococcal disease in children in Queensland
Authors: WHITEHEAD B. D. , SMITH H. V. , NOURSE C. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe epidemiology and clinical features of invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) disease in Queensland children was investigated in response to anecdotal evidence of an increase in frequency and severity of this condition. A retrospective review of clinical records of all cases of iGAS disease notified to Queensland Health aged 0–18 years during a 5-year period was conducted. The annualized incidence of iGAS was 3·5/100 000 for the total population aged 0–18 and 13·2/100 000 for the Indigenous population of similar age. The annualized incidence was highest in Indigenous infants but no increase in frequency or severity of iGAS infections was observed. Findings included an increased prevalence in Indigenous children particularly in those aged <1 year, a significant male preponderance, lack of seasonal variation and an association with blunt trauma. Further studies are required to confirm and investigate these findings and to define specific risk factors in high-risk groups.
Preterm birth and maternal responsiveness during childhood are associated with brain morphology in adolescence
Authors: FRYE RICHARD E. , MALMBERG BENJAMIN , SWANK PAUL , SMITH KAREN , LANDRY SUSAN 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlthough supportive parenting has been shown to have positive effects on development, the neurobiological basis of supportive parenting has not been investigated. Thirty-three adolescents were systemically selected from a longitudinal study on child development based on maternal responsiveness during childhood, a measure of supportive parenting, and whether they were born term or preterm. We analyzed the effect of preterm birth on hemispheric and regional (frontal, temporal, parietal) cortical thickness and surface area using mixed-model analysis while also considering the effect of brain hemisphere (left vs. right). We then determined whether these factors were moderated by maternal responsiveness during childhood. Preterm birth was associated with regional and hemispheric differences in cortical thickness and surface area. Maternal responsiveness during childhood moderated hemispheric cortical thickness. Adolescence with mothers that were inconsistently responsive during childhood demonstrated greater overall cortical thickness and greater asymmetry in cortical thickness during adolescence as compared to adolescence with mothers who were consistently responsive or unresponsive during childhood. Maternal responsiveness and preterm birth did not interact. These data suggest that changes in brain morphology associated with preterm birth continue into adolescence and support the notion that the style of maternal-child interactions during childhood influence brain development into adolescence. (JINS, 2010, 16, 784–794.)