bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Needleless Connectors: Improving Practice, Reducing Risks
Authors: Hadaway Lynn 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the knowledge gap of healthcare workers about practice with needleless connectors.
Background: Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR-BSI) and lumen occlusion can be directly related to practices of cleaning needleless connectors, IV administration set management, and flushing and clamping methods.
Review of Relevant Literature: Five publications report outbreaks of CR-BSI from hospitals in the US and Australia. A significant increase in CR-BSI rates after an organizational change of products was observed. No randomized controlled trials are available from the USA comparing types or designs of needleless connectors.
Device instructions state some devices can be locked with normal saline. Two randomized clinical trials assessed outcomes with catheter lock solution. Both reported higher rates of occlusion with the use of normal saline only and one documented a higher rate of CR-BSI.
Methods: An invitation to participate in a survey with 22 questions was sent electronically to approximately 4000 healthcare workers with a response from 554 in clinical practice.
Results: The specific type of needleless connector being used was unknown by 25% and correct clamping sequence was chosen by 52.8% of respondents. The majority, 94.3% reported that they always clean these devices before each use, however there are differences in technique.
Conclusions: There is a significant gap of knowledge about the specific needleless connectors being used, the most appropriate cleaning, flushing, and clamping sequence for the specific device.
Implications for Practice: Staff education should focus on the connections between needleless connectors, CR-BSI and lumen occlusion. Frequent product training on needleless connectors, the specific type in use and correct techniques are necessary.
The use of Midline Catheters in the Adult Acute Care Setting – Clinical Implications and Recommendations for Practice
Authors: Alexandrou Evan , Ramjan Lucie M. , Spencer Tim , Frost Steven A. , Salamonson Yenna , Davidson Patricia M. , Hillman Ken M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim and objectives: The aim of this paper was to review published manuscripts on the use of midline catheters, the implications of study findings and recommendations for clinical practice in the acute care setting.Design: Modified integrative literature reviewMethods: Using key MeSH terms, we searched the electronic databases: CINAHL, Medline, and Embase. The Cochrane and Joanna Briggs databases, Google Search Engine and the reference lists of published materials were also searched. Studies were included if they were in the English language and reported the use of midline catheters in adult acute care populations. Manuscripts that described midlines made of aquavene were excludedResults: Two hundred and thirty two (232) papers were identified using the search strategy. From these identified papers, thirty (30) were included in the final review. Thematic analysis identified three major themes. These included: (i) advantages of using midline catheters (ii) disadvantages of using midline catheters (iii) insertion and management issues.Conclusion: Midline catheters have both positive and negative implications for clinical practice. They can be used for extended periods of intravenous therapy without requiring repeated cannulations but are not without risk. Midline catheters have been associated with mechanical and chemical phlebitis along with intravascular thrombosis. As such they are not suitable across the entire adult acute population. Midline catheters reduce the number of repeated cannulations which reduces patient discomfort, increases patient satisfaction and also contributes to organisational efficiency.
Contamination of the soil by eggs of geohelminths in rural areas of Lodz district (Poland)
Authors: Blaszkowska J. , Kurnatowski P. , Damiecka P. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Contamination of soil with helminth eggs in the samples of fields, kitchen gardens, yards and composts in rural areas of Lodz district (Poland) was investigated. In this study, helminth eggs were found in 60–100 % of field samples, in 20–100 % of yards samples, in 0–20 % of kitchen gardens samples and in 10–100 % of composts. The highest average density of helminth eggs in 100 g of soil was detected in composts (44.0), then fields (28.5) and yards (18.0). In samples taken from kitchen gardens the average density of eggs was 0.4/100/g of soil. The comparison of frequency of positive samples from fields, kitchen gardens and yards did not exhibit significant difference (p > 0.05). The soil samples of fields contained mainly eggs of Ascaris spp. (87.7 %), less frequently Toxocara spp. (7.7 %) and Trichuris spp. (3.5 %). In samples from yards among detected eggs the most often were Toxocara spp. (73.9 %), and there were statistically significant differences in comparison with fields (7.7 %) and composts (0.3 %). The highest prevalence of eggs with moving larva was noted in yards (25.6 %), which differ statistically significantly from analogous value for fields (p < 0.05) and composts (p < 0.0001).
These results showed a considerable infestation of soil with geohelminth eggs of the examined rural areas of Lodz district which is a potential source of antropozoonosis.
Biodiversity of strongylids (Nematoda: Strongylidae) communities in domestic horses from Poland and Ukraine
Authors: Kuzmina T. , Kornaś S. , Basiaga M. , Kharchenko V. , Vyniarska A. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Examination of the biodiversity of horse strongylid communities was performed on 51 domestic horses from Southern Poland and Western Ukraine by in vivo method. All horses were dewormed with macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics. Strongylids (34,715 specimens) were collected and identified by morphological criteria. In Poland, 25 strongylid species were found. Five cyathostome species dominated in the community. Large strongyles were found in 23.1 % of horses and composed 0.56 % of total strongylid number. General structure of strongylid community was multimodal with dominant, subdominant, background and rare species. In Ukraine, 19 species were found. Five cyathostome species dominated in the community. Strongylinae were found in 17.4 % of horses and composed 0.07% of community. General structures of strongylid community were multimodal or bimodal depends on type of horse keeping conditions. Regularity of anthelmintic treatment was found to be more influential on strongylid community structure than differences in horse-keeping conditions at the both countries.
Trinibaculum rotundus n.sp. (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalinae), a parasite of Schizodon borellii (Characiformes, Anostomidae) from the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil
Authors: Cucolo Karling L. , Conceição Lopes L. , Massato Takemoto R. , Cezar Pavanelli G. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
A new species of dactylogyrid monogenean, Trinibaculum rotundus n.sp. is described and illustrated from the gills of freshwater fish Schizodon borellii (Boulenger, 1900) from the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. Trinibaculum rotundus n.sp. has vagina dextrolateral slightly sclerotised ending at level of seminal receptacle; copulatory organ coiled with 1.5 clockwise rings; accessory piece not articulated; body disk-shape with absence of haptor peduncle and three bars (one ventral bar and two dorsal bars).
Comparative studies on the biochemical composition and polypeptide profiles of the cyst walls from sterile and fertile hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus from buffalo host
Authors: Irshadullah M. , Rani M. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In the present study, biochemical composition and polypeptide profiles of the cyst walls of sterile and fertile hydatid cyst, collected from the lungs of naturally infected Bubalus bubalis have been investigated. Significant quantitative differences in various biochemical components as well as in protein banding patterns were observed between the two types of cyst walls, suggesting variations in their metabolic states. The cyst wall collected from fertile cysts had significantly less glycogen, lipids and triglycerides but more RNA and DNA as compared to sterile cyst wall. Among phospholipid fractions, lysophosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylethanolamine were significantly higher in the fertile, whereas, sphingomyelin showed higher values in the sterile cyst wall. The numbers of polypeptides resolved in the fertile cyst wall were more than those in sterile cyst wall possibly due to the presence of extra proteins required for production of brood capsules and protoscoleces. Detection of more polypeptides by silver than CBBR-250 staining could be due to high sensitivity of silver stain which also detects conjugated proteins such as lipo-, phospho- and glycoproteins. The characteristic polypeptides specific to either types of the cyst wall have the potential to be exploited for diagnostics.
Paravortex panopea n. sp. (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) on clams from the northern Patagonian coast, Argentina: pathogeny and specificity
Authors: Brusa F. , Vázquez N. , Cremonte F. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
During a histopathological survey of the geoduck, Panopea
abbreviata (Hiatellidae), and the razor clam, Ensis macha (Pharidae), in northern Patagonian gulfs (Argentina), turbellarian worms were found in the intestine lumen. In this work, we described a new species of Paravortex (Platyhelminthes, Graffillidae). We collected the hosts by scuba diving and dissected alive for studying the turbellarians. In this new species, the pharynx continues in a short esophagus and the latter in a saccular intestine. Gravid specimens have from 2 to 8 twin embryos in the parenchyma. A short penis papilla arises from the seminal vesicle and the gonopore presents a strong sphincter. This species resembled P. nicolli Szidat, 1965, which was described paraziting Mytilus edulis platensis in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The new species can be differentiated from P. nicolli mainly by the presence of a penis papilla and a sphincter between genital atrium and gonopore. This turbellarian species was significantly more prevalent in geoducks (28 %, n = 210) than in razor clams (6 %, n = 480) (KW, p < 0.0001). For both host species, no evidence of direct physical damage caused by turbellarians was observed.
Soil nematode community characteristics around the Gangue hill of Fushun West Open-pit mine
Authors: Zhang W. , Xiao Y. , Wang X. , Lv Y. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Diversity and nematode abundance were investigated in soils collected around the Gangue hill of Fushun West open-pit mine to evaluate soil pollution, due to heavy metals contents, using nematodes as bioindicators. Nematodes were collected from soil samples using elutriate-sievingflotation and centrifugation methods. The species richness and ecological indices were analyzed. On the base of chemical and nematological analysis, the results indicated that the area around the Gangue hill of Fushun West Openpit mine was polluted by heavy metal, but the degree of pollution was not very serious. According to the results obtained from single-factor analysis, cadmium soil content was ten times higher than the background; 29 genera of nematodes were identified and Acrobeloides, Cervidellus and Mesorhabtidis were the dominant genera in almost all sampling sites. The dominant genera were different as the distances to the Gangue hill changed. In particular, in the investigated areas bacterivores and plant-parasites nematodes were more diffuse than fungivores and omnivorepredators. Copper soil content was significantly correlated with plant parasitic trophic group and with total number of nematodes, thus suggesting that nematode communities studies are important scientific basis for understanding the healthy development of soil ecosystem.
The helminth parasites of the two bufonid toads, European Common Toad, Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) and European Green toad, Bufo (Pseudepidalea) viridis Laurenti, 1768 (Anura: Bufonidae), collected from Denizli Province, Inner-West Anatolia Region, Turkey
Authors: Düşen S. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
In this research, two bufonid toad species (Bufo bufo and Bufo (Pseudepidalea) viridis) were collected in Denizli province (Inner-west Anatolia Region — the eastern part of Aegean Region) Turkey between 2006 and 2009 and examined first time for helminths. Of 6 Bufo bufo, 5 (97.87 %) were infected with one or more helminths, of 47 Bufo viridis 46 (87.91 %) were infected with one or more helminths. The helminth fauna of Bufo bufo included 5 species of which were 4 species of nematodes (Rhabdias bufonis, Oswadocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata, and Oxysomatium brevicaudatum), and 1 species of acanthocephalan (Acanthocephalus ranae). The helminth fauna of Bufo (Pseudepidalea) viridis comprised 7 species with 1 species of monogenean (Polystoma viridis), 1 species of cestoda (Nematotaenia dispar), and 5 species of nematodes (R. bufonis, O. filiformis, C. ornata, C. commutata, and O. brevicaudatum). R. bufonis, O. filiformis, C. ornata, and O. brevicaudatum were observed in both bufonid toads.
Endoparasitic helminths of water frog complex in Poland: do differences exist between the parental species Pelophylax ridibundus and Pelophylax lessonae, and their natural hybrid Pelophylax esculentus?
Authors: Popiołek M. , Rozenblut-Kościsty B. , Kot M. , Nosal W. , Ogielska M. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Parasitic fauna of water frogs was mainly studied in the second half of the 20th century. However, these studies were done without differentiation into species and hybrids and pooled the 3 taxa as “water frogs” or “green frogs”. The aim of this study was to make an inventory of helminth species as well as their prevalence and intensity of infection in the two parental species (Pelophylax ridibundus and P. lessonae) and the hybrid (P. esculentus) of water frogs from 3 big populations composed of hundreds or thousands of individuals inhabited natural and seminatural landscapes in Poland. Eight helminth species were found: Polystoma integerrimum, Diplodiscus subclavatus, Opisthoglyphe ranae, Gorgodera cygnoides, Haematoloechus variegatus, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata and Acanthocephalus ranae. The results were compared with data from other, polish and European studies. Additionally we compared the level of infection among water frog taxa.
Hybrid process scheme for the synthesis of ethyl lactate: conceptual design and analysis
Authors: Mitkowski Piotr 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHybrid processes have received increased attention in the field of chemical and biochemical engineering because of their ability to overcome certain obstacles related to thermodynamics of the separation task to be carried out. Usually, in a hybrid process two processes are coupled; either reaction with separation or two different separation processes. In the design of such hybrid systems, the performance of each constituent element has to be taken into account, while their optimisation must account for their interdependency. In this paper, the methodology presented by Mitkowski et al. (2009a) is applied to design and analyse a hybrid process scheme for the synthesis of ethyl lactate. Generated hybrid process schemes have been validated through computer-aided simulations.
Preparation of magnesium hydroxide from nitrate aqueous solution
Authors: Fellner Pavel , Híveš Ján , Khandl Vladimír , Králik Milan , Jurišová Jana , Liptaj Tibor , Pach Ladislav 
Published: May 2011

AbstractNucleation of Mg(OH)2 was investigated by measuring the electrical conductivity and pH of the Mg(NO3)2 reaction solution to which ammonia containing different amounts of NH4NO3 was added. NH4NO3 increases solubility and slows down precipitation of Mg(OH)2 in the system. Data are presented on the influence of NH4NO3 on the solubility of Mg(OH)2 at 25°C. The phenomena observed can be explained by the solvation effect of nitrate ions brought to the system with the addition of ammonium nitrate, which was proved by NMR spectroscopy. When the mass fraction of NH4NO3 exceeds 15 %, homogeneous nucleation does not proceed. It was found that seeding of the system with Mg(OH)2 crystals only influenced the rate of Mg(OH)2 crystallisation, not the size and shape of the crystals. Primary crystals are smaller than 0.1 μm. The large difference in the surface energy of individual crystal planes leads to oriented agglomeration. This process is accelerated in a pressure reactor at 130°C. The resulting polycrystals are hexagonal plates 0.2 μm thin with a diameter of 1–2 μm. Under variable reaction conditions, agglomerates as big as 30 μm can be prepared.
Impact of the type of anodic film formed and deposition time on the characteristics of porous anodic aluminium oxide films containing Ni metal
Authors: Zamora Gaël , Arurault Laurent , Winterton Peter , Bes René 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPorous anodic films containing nickel were prepared by AC electro-deposition. The porosity of the films was controlled by using different working conditions (anodisation electrolyte, voltage, and time). Then nickel was electro-deposited using an alternating voltage. The impact of the anodic film on the current density waveforms and the metal content can largely be explained by the porosity differences, while changing the deposition time caused changes due to over-oxidation of the aluminium substrate, experimentally proved by TEM. Finally, the impact of deposition time on the deposited metal was successfully fitted using an Elovich type law over a large time-span (up to 1800 s), showing the ability to achieve precise control of the metal content.
MTD-PLS and docking study for a series of substituted 2-phenylindole derivatives with oestrogenic activity
Authors: Seclaman Edward , Bora Alina , Avram Sorin , Simon Zeno , Kurunczi Ludovic 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA series of 36 substituted 2-phenylindoles was analysed using minimal topological difference-projections in latent structures variant (MTD-PLS) and molecular docking, using fast rigid exhaustive docking (FRED) and AutoDock Vina programs. For quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) validation, a sphere exclusion algorithm in the multi-dimensional descriptor space was used to construct training and test sets. Docking procedures were based on X-ray crystallography studies using the human alpha oestrogen receptor-17β-oestradiol complex. The ranking abilities of the different scoring functions of the FRED package were presented, and the most suitable scoring function (Chemgauss3) for the oestrogen receptor was chosen. Although the series studied contains only a limited number of compounds, the MTD-PLS method and the docking procedure provided coherent results in concordance with the X-ray diffraction data for different ligand-oestrogen receptor complexes.
Precautions in using global kinetic and thermodynamic models for characterization of drug release from multivalent supports
Authors: Maria Gheorghe , Luta Ionela 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBuilding-up a detailed kinetic model for drug release from various supports is a difficult task, especially when chemical reactions take place, accompanied by adsorption-desorption and diffusion steps. Often, semi-empirical release models derived from theoretical formulations of the transport process and system characteristics are employed. Their parameters have limited validity as they are dependent on the support, drug-ligand properties, and release conditions. However, they are often used for a quick simulation and design of drug delivery systems with a controlled release correlating the model parameters with the system characteristics and release conditions. Detailed information allows elaboration of an extended mechanistic model; the bias in the predictions introduced on various levels of model simplification is presented in this paper. A case study of a chemically activated ligand release in human plasma from a multivalent dendrimeric support is approached, pointing out the imprecision introduced by the gradual simplification of an extended model as well as the low reliability of the prediction when using various semi-empirical global models.
Morphology dependence of 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine-derived organogelator templates in solvents and their influence in the production of nanostructured silica
Authors: Kim Tae , Jeong Euh , Oh Chae , Hyun Myung , Lee Mee , Moon Hae , Kim Jong-Pil , Jung Ok-Sang , Nawaz Khan F. , Jin Jong 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine-based neutral or cationic organogelator-templates, currently employed in the production of silica nanomaterials, were initially evaluated for their versatile gelation ability and found to be gelled in the majority of organic solvents tested. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, images of neutral organogels made from different solvents revealed that they assembled into a plate-shaped, or rod-shaped morphology, respectively in ethanol or butan-1-ol and in acetonitrile or tetrahydrofurane. Similarly, a 1: 1 mixture (mass) of neutral and cationic gelators formed different morphologies in the solvents tested. Sol-gel polycondensation of tetraethoxy silane using either individual gels (neutral or cation) or a 1: 1 mixture of gels was explored. The experimental results and the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that silica nanotubes with an inner diameter of 82 nm and an outer diameter of 620 nm were obtained from the 1: 1 mixture of neutral and cationic gelator in ethanol, whereas silica nanoparticles were obtained using gels made in the other solvents tested.
Determination of curcuminoids in substances and dosage forms by cyclodextrin-mediated capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection
Authors: Maráková Katarína , Mikuš Peter , Piešťanský Juraj , Havránek Emil 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe present work illustrates the potential of the capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separation technique coupled with the on-capillary diode array detector (DAD) for highly reliable determination of curcuminoids (curcumin, CUR, demethoxycurcumin, DCUR, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, BCUR) in substances (commercially available plant extract) and pharmaceutical preparation (commercial pharmaceutical capsules) with minimal sample preparation; (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was chosen for an anionic separation of CUR and its structural analogues (DCUR and BCUR) as an appropriate complexing agent (i) providing complete resolution of the curcuminoids and (ii) reducing adsorption of these hydrophobic analytes onto the capillary wall. DAD detection was utilised for characterisation of the composition of the separated zones via differences in the corresponding UV-VIS spectra (scanned at interval of 200–800 nm). Reference and real spectra of the analytes demonstrated that the proposed separation method was sufficiently selective to produce well-separated (i.e. spectrally homogeneous) analyte zones with no interfering compounds present. Successful validation and application of the CZE-DAD method proposed here suggest its routine use in highly effective and reliable analysis of curcuminoids in pharmaceutical samples.