bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cement Kiln Flue Dusts for Soil Liming1
Authors: Carroll Dorothy M. , Erickson C. J. , Whittaker Colin W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisIn a greenhouse experiment representative cement kiln flue dusts were found to have about the same ability to promote yields of alfalfa and to raise the pH of acid soils as a pulverized limestone and to be somewhat more efficient than a coarser limestone. Effects on crop composition were also similar. The dusts supply important amounts of sulfur, magnesium, and potassium. Calcium carbonate equivalents, calculated by summing alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides, and corrected for sulfate and chloride ions, agreed well with determined values.
Influence of Tillage, Row Spacing, and Atrazine on Yield Components of Dryland Sorghum in Nebraska1
Authors: Burnside O. C. , Fenster C. R. , Wicks G. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisYields were positively correlated (p = 0.01) with height, forage yield, population, heads per acre, head weight, seed moisture at harvest, bushel weight, weight of 100 seeds, and germination percentage; and negatively correlated (p = 0.01) with weed yields and lodging. Weed control treatments of tillage, hand‐weeding, atrazine, and row spacings had a marked effect on characters constituting or influencing sorghum yields.
Reduction of Strontium‐90 Uptake by Corn and Soybeans with Deep Placement, Irrigation, and Soil Amendments1
Authors: Myhre D. L. , Menzel R. G. , Roberts H. , Frere M. H. , Amemiya M. , Beale O. W. , Timmons D. R. , Wood E. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisField experiments were initiated in 1960 in the states of Georgia, South Carolina, Iowa and Minnesota to evaluate methods of reducing uptake of Sr90 fallout by crops. Significant reductions in Sr90 content in corn and soybean grain were obtained by deep placement but not by irrigation. Calcium treatments reduced Sr90 in both grains in Georgia, and potassium reduced Sr90 in corn grain in Minnesota. The maximum reduction observed was about 50%.
Temperature Effects on Reproductive Processes of Russian Wildrye1
Authors: Clary Warren P. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTemperature treatments ranging from −1 to 21° C. were imposed for 24 hours on Russian wild‐rye plants during anther emergence. An inverse relationship resulted between treatment temperature and the time required for embryo initiation. Various temperature‐related floral injuries were observed. Most of the freezing injury occurred in the anthers, while the principal warm temperature injury was to the pistillar tissue. The warm temperature effects were exaggerated when followed by a warm greenhouse environment.
Effect of Herbicides and Cultivation Treatments on Yield Components of Dryland Sorghum in Nebraska1
Authors: Burnside O. C. , Wicks G. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisYields were positively correlated (0.01) with sorghum heads per acre, seed weight per head, bushel weight, weight of 100 seeds, sorghum height at maturity, and seed moisture at harvest; and negatively correlated with weed yields and broken stalks. Cultivation increased sorghum yields, seed weight per head, bushel weight, 100‐seed weight, sorghum height at maturity, number of days to 50% flowering, and seed moisture at harvest; and decreased weed yields and broken stalks.
Use of Grass‐Killing Herbicides in Establishing Grass‐Legume Mixtures
Authors: Vengris Jonas 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTrichloroacetic acid (TCA) and 2,2‐dichloropropionic acid (dalapon) can be used to control annual weedy grasses in new seedings of grass‐legume mixtures. The forage grasses in the mixture are injured by these heribicides but orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) and timothy (Phleum pratense) are relatively resistant to injury and usually regain normal growth during the same growing season. The herbicidal value of different materials should be measured by the improved quality and quantity of the hay produced in the seeding year.
Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization, Stubble Height, and Clipping Frequency on Yield and Persistence of Orchardgrass1
Authors: Griffith William K. , Teel Merle R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisNitrogen was a major factor influencing yields the year of treatment. Close clipping reduced the stand of nitrogen‐fertilized orchardgrass. Potassium effects were most striking for the longer growing periods during the year of treatment. Potassium carry‐over effects were highly significant for all growing periods.
Dry Matter Accumulation and Moisture Loss During Maturation of Corn Grain1
Authors: Hillson Merle T. , Penny L. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSignificant differences in the rate of drying were found among corn single crosses. Parental inbred lines differed in their effects on the rate of moisture loss. Ninety‐five percent of physiologic maturity varied from 53–61 days after silking.
Effect of Planting Date and Maturity Date on Soybean Seed Quality1
Authors: Green D. E. , Pinnell E. L. , Cavanah L. E. , Williams L. F. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSoybean seed quality was usually highest from late dates of planting. Exceptions to this general rule were noted when short season varieties planted early matured before the occurrence of hot, dry weather and when full‐season varieties were planted early but matured considerably after the hot, dry weather had ended. An average of visual ratings for several seed characters and a single overall visual seed quality rating were approximately equal to laboratory germination in predicting relative field emergence.
Maximization of Potato Yield Under Constraint1
Authors: Hermanson H. P. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisOptimum response is occasionally sought while maintaining a minimum quality factor level. Mathematical analysis may need to be confined within the range of factor levels observed. An example of such an applied problem is worked. It involves searching for the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer treatment which will produce the maximum potato yield and yet not cause the specific gravity of the potato tubers to fall below a minimum value.
Effect of Cutting Height and Frequency on Forage Production of Summer Annuals1
Authors: Beaty E. R. , Smith Y. C. , McCreery R. A. , Ethredge W. J. , Beasley Kenneth 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisGahi millet responded favorably to a wider range of harvest conditions that did Tift sudangrass or sudax 11. Harvesting at 5‐week intervals increased forage production over harvesting each 2 weeks. Harvesting 7/8 of the plant increased production slightly over harvesting 1/3 of available height.
Some Effects of Paradichlorobenzene, Naphthalene, DDT and Ceresan on the Germination of Field Crop Seed1
Authors: Day A. D. , Thompson R. K. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisOpen containers were more satisfactory than closed when paradichlorobenzene and naphthalene were used as seed‐storage chemicals. DDT reduced seed viability the least. Ceresan M was convenient to use, but it decreased germination. Naphthalene did not decrease seed viability as rapidly as paradichlorobenzene, which decreased germination faster than the other chemicals studied. Packaging seed in paper bags before placing it in a container with paradichlorobenzene did not substantially increase viability over placing it in direct contact with the chemical.
Salinity‐Fertility Interactions in Relation to the Growth and Composition of Beans. I. Effect of N, P, and K1
Authors: Lunin J. , Gallatin M. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisGrowth response was obtained only where P was added, and yields decreased with increasing salinity. For a given salinity level, yields were much higher where fertilized with P. Evapotranspiration per unit dry weight of leaves was reduced by P fertilization and decreased with increasing salinity on the P, K and PK treatments. Plant composition generally reflected the cation composition of the soil solution.
Effect of Mulches on Soil Temperature and Grain Sorghum Development1
Authors: Adams John E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisOne‐ and 2‐inch deep gravel mulches reduced grain sorghum growth and yield. Soil mulches treated with dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) were not toxic or inhibitory to grain sorghum growth and development. Soil temperatures under all mulches were in a satisfactory range for plant growth throughout the growing season.
Evaluating the Various Factors of the “Japanese Method” of Rice Cultivation in India1
Authors: Patel J. P. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe use of “tauchigoruma” and 9‐inch spacing were found to increase the yield of rough rice per acre independently. Six‐inch spacing with a single seedling had greater panicle‐bearing culms and a higher grain yield per panicle than 9‐inch spacing with 3 seedlings at each hole. Hand‐weeding increased plant height and the number of panicle‐bearing culms in a unit area over tauchigoruma. The higher rate of fertilizers consistently increased plant height. Hand‐weeding, the Japanese type nursery, and the higher rate of fertilizers enhanced the grain sterility.
Effect of Weather on Forage Yields of Winter Oats, Rye, and Wheat1
Authors: Hart Richard H. , Burton Glenn W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisMultiple regression equations, including date of harvest, accumulated rainfall, solar radiation, and temperature as independent variables and forage yields of oats, rye, and wheat as dependent variables, were computed, using data from an 8‐year period. The best‐fitting equations gave R2 values of .96, .91, and .93 for oats, rye, and wheat, respectively. From these equations and long‐term weather data, we developed frequency distributions of total yield and yield during the winter months.
Viability of Roughpea Seed as Affected by Time of Harvest and Drying Temperatures1
Authors: Bennett Hugh W. , Marchbanks W. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUnfolded flower standards indicate that pollination has taken place in roughpea. This has ben designated as flowering. Seed was harvested 14, 18, 21, 23, and 28 days after flowering. They were then dried for 8, 16, 24, 36, and 72 hours, at temperatures of 100, 110, 120, 130, and 140F.The rate and total amount of moisture removed was greatest for the first 8‐hour drying period in all harvests. The higher drying temperatures removed the greatest amount of moisture.Roughpea seed, harvested 14 days after flowering, failed to germinate when dried at any temperature (for any length of time). Limited and erratic germination was obtained from seed harvested 18 days after flowering; this was reduced as the drying temperature increased. Twenty‐one‐day‐old seed germinated well when dried at temperatures of ll0F or lower. Germination was reduced as the drying temperatures increased above ll0F. Seed of this age was mature and of a high moisture content. It is the earliest age that roughpeas may be safely harvested. Seed 28 days of age gave excellent germination when dried at all the temperatures used but germination declined somewhat as temperature of drying increased.Maximum yields of viable seed would be obtained by harvests made 1 week earlier than now practiced and followed by proper drying temperature and period.
Effects of Green‐Pick, Defoliation and Desiccation Practices on Quality and Yield of Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum1
Authors: McMeans Jack L. , Walhood V. T. , Carter L. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree harvest‐aid practices did not affect the quality or yield of the first cotton harvest; chemical harvest‐aids had some adverse effects on yield, lint and seed quality of the second harvest.
Nitrates in Annual Forages as Influenced by Frequency and Height of Clipping1
Authors: McCreery R. A. , Hojjati S. M. , Beaty E. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNitrate‐N content of plants where Gahi millet, Tift sudangrass, and sudax 11 were fertilized with a total of 670 pounds of N as NH4NO3 and harvest frequencies of 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐weeks were combined with portions of forage removals of ⅓, ½, ¾ and ⅞ show:

Tift sudangrass and sudax were consistently lower in nitrate‐N than Gahi millet.
Forage harvested at 2‐ or 3‐week frequencies was higher in nitrate‐N than forage harvested every 4 weeks, and forage harvested at 5 weeks was lowest.
Nitrate‐N was highest when ⅞ of the forage was removed and lowest when ⅓ of the forage was harvested.
Nitrate‐N in Gahi millet, sudangrass and sorghum‐sudan crosses would appear to be nontoxic to livestock grazing the forage when normal rate of N are applied in split applications.
Influence of Snow Fence and Corn Windbreaks on Microclimate and Growth of Irrigated Sugar Beets1
Authors: Rosenberg Norman J. 
Published: July 2010

abstractDuring the 1964 growing season, irrigated sugar beets were sheltered against wind at the Scotts Bluff Experiment Station, University of Nebraska, by snow fence erected at planting time and by double rows of corn planted as early in the season as possible.Germination was improved in areas protected by snow fence, although the effect was not uniform throughout the sheltered area. Both types of shelter increased root and total weight of beets over that in an unsheltered site. Top weight was not affected. Root/top ratio was greatest in corn‐sheltered beets. Sugar content at harvest was depressed in beets grown in the snow fence sheltered areas. Press juice samples of corn‐sheltered beets showed greatest purity.Air temperature above the sheltered beets was higher by day and lower by night than in the open site. Absolute humidity content of air above the beets was not influenced by shelter.The snow fence shelter altered the wind profile, raising the zero plane to within the top quarter of the sheltered beet canopy. Wind shear in that plot suggested a reduction in turbulent exchange. In the corn‐sheltered plot, wind profiles were similar to those in the open with a moderate reduction of wind speed at the two levels above the canopy at which measurements were made. An intensification of temperature lapse rate in the corn shelter may have increased rate and extent of turbulent exchange processes.
Root Training by Plastic Tubes. III. Soil Aeration Appraised by Tube‐Grown Plants1
Authors: De Roo H. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA bio‐assay by means of the tube technique indicated whether an inadequate aeration or mechanical impedance excludes roots from the soil beneath the plow pan in a sandy loam. The soil profiles assayed had normal ABC horizonation or inverted CBA horizonation, with the top soil, horizon A, lying beneath the plow pan, horizon B. Half of the buried and half of the normal A horizons were compacted somewhat. A mulch made the temperature and moisture regimes in the unburied topsoil nearly equal to those in the buried. Prior fertilization tended to equalize the available nutrients. Tomato roots were inserted into the normal and the buried A horizons by means of plastic tubes. Subsequent observation showed that the roots were in fact restricted to the intended horizons. Since the tomato plants elongated as rapidly, flowered as soon, and weighed as much when their roots were grown in soil beneath the plow pan as when their roots roots were grown in soil above the pan, the plow pan is evidently not a significant barrier to soil aeration beneath it. Therefore, the blocking of the roots by the plow pan in this soil must be caused by the mechanical inpedance and not lack of aeration.
Winterhardiness of Orchardgrass and Crested Wheatgrass Clones in Relation to the Ability of Their Seeds to Germinate Against an Osmotic Stress1
Authors: Cooper Clee S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPopulations of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum) clones which differed in the ability of their seeds to germinate against an osmotic stress were established. Clones with wide germination differences were selected from these populations for winterhardiness evaluation during the winter of 1964–1965. Hardiness evaluation was made by measuring specific conductivity of solutions containing electrolytes exosmosed from crown tissue following artificial freezing. There was no evidence of a relationship, either positive or negative, between winterhardiness of clones and the ability of their seeds to germinate against an osmotic stress.
Fertilizer Nitrogen: Its Role in Determining Crop Yield Levels1
Authors: Engelstad O. P. , Terman G. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe frequency and magnitude of crop response to N was found to be generally greater than those to P and K in representative cropping areas of the humid region of the United States. P and K are rather immobile nutrients and crop recovery is lower than for N. Consequently, P and K tend to accumulate in most soils as a result of fertilizer applications. In contrast, N acts as a relatively mobile nutrient and crop requirement and removal tend to be high. Since N is also lost from soils by leaching and volatilization, little accumulation occurs in humid areas and applications need to be made largely on the basis of current crop needs.Results of this study have important implications for soil testing, the need for high P water solubility, and the present number of fertilizer grades and ratios.
Effect of Irrigation Frequency and Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth and Water Use of a Kikuyugrass Lawn (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst.)1
Authors: Mantell A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe response of a kikuyugrass lawn to irrigation frequency and nitrogen fertilizer was studied in a factorial experiment. When grass was irrigated every 21 days, the evapotranspiration from the 0‐ to 120‐cm soil layer was 486 mm during the months June to October, with a mean daily consumptive water use of 3.2 mm. The measured water loss from grass irrigated at this frequency, and fertilized monthly with 4.2 kg N/1000 m2 was 0.62 of the evaporation from a screened Class A pan. About 60% and 80% of the total water extracted came from the 0‐ to 60‐ and the 0‐ to 90‐cm soil layers, respectively. No relation was found between root activity as represented by moisture extraction and root distribution as obtained by core removal. Absolute root weight was considerably increased by the monthly nitrogen applications.Dry matter yield was not markedly raised by regular nitrogen fertilization, unless irrigations were applied frequently. Infrequent irrigation of fertilized plots produced a lawn of only slightly reduced quality compared to that obtained when frequent irrigations were given in the absence of nitrogen, and the former treatment was accompanied by a considerable saving in water and labor.
Some Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization on Botanical Composition of a Tall Fescue‐White Clover Sward1
Authors: Templeton W. C. , Taylor T. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effects of N, P, and K fertilization on botanical composition of a sward of ‘Kentucky 31’ tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., and ‘Ladino’ white clover, Trifolium repens L., were studied during a period of 4 years. Data were obtained from hand separation of herbage clippings and from visual estimates made immediately prior to clipping 5 to 7 times each growing season. Treatment rankings obtained by the two methods agreed closely. Since hand separations were not made for all treatments or at all harvests, only data from the visual estimates are presented.N consistently decreased the percentage of clover in the sward and often resulted in a higher weed content. The effects of P and K were less consistent than those of N. With respect to clover content, nutrient interactions were statistically significant at most harvests, but, compared with the main effects, these were of minor importance. Interactions exerted less effect on grass and weed percentages than on clover content.The deleterious effects of N on clover were more marked when it was applied in early spring than when used later in the growing season.The data are discussed with respect to problems associated with the maintenance of mixed grass‐legume pastures.
Partridge Pea Management and Yield Comparisons with Other Annual Forage Legumes1
Authors: Foote L. E. , Jackobs J. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe yields of 4 strains of partridge pea, 2 of southern origin and 2 of northern origin, were compared with that of other annual forage legumes at 3 locations, under 2 cutting systems. Effects of plant height at cutting time and height of cut were studied in a greenhouse experiment. Partridge pea strains ecologically adapted, in this case of northern origin, produced good yields of forage under either cutting system at all locations, being exceeded by only soybeans of the other annual species tested. The best height of cut for partridge pea was between 5 and 9 cm and the best plant height at cutting time was between 35 and 45 cm.
Comparison of Calcium and Boron Deficiencies of the Peanut II. Seed Quality in Relation to Histology and Viability1
Authors: Harris Henry C. , Brolmann John B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe objective of these experiments was to compare internal differences in seed of the ‘Florigiant’ peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.) when grown under calcium or boron deficient conditions. Plants were grown in pots filled with soils which were low in available calcium and boron. Lime plus fertilizer, including boron, were applied to the soils to form a series of corrective treatments. The experiments were conducted three years in the greenhouse and a fourth year outside. Boron corrected “hollow‐heart defect” and calcium corrected “dark plumule” the three years the experiments were in the greenhouse. Results for the fourth year were similar, but control was not perfect probably due to leaching by excessive rain during the latter part of the season. Microscopic and histological studies of the seed showed that boron deficiency affected the inside of the cotyledons and sometimes caused the tips of the plumules to be small and pointed. In contrast, calcium deficiency affected the vascular system at the base of the plumules. Sufficient greenhouse‐grown seed were not available for reliable viability versus germination evaluations. Studies of seed grown in the field with and without lime, showed that about 23% of seed with dark plumule germinated, but none were viable by the tetrazolium test.
Influence of Soil Water Potential and Atmospheric Evaporative Demand on Transpiration and the Energy Status of Water in Plants1
Authors: Gavande S. A. , Taylor S. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOrchardgrass and tomato plants grown in a controlled environment chamber were subjected to varying soil moisture conditions. Constant atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) conditions were maintained by controlling temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, and hours of daylight while plants were carried through one series of soil moisture conditions. Then the AED was controlled at another set of values for a second series. Total plant water potential (ψ), osmotic potential (ψa), and relative turgidity were determined directly. Turgor potential was determined by the differences (ψp ═ ψ – ψa) in leaf sections from plants grown under each set of soil moisture and atmospheric conditions. In addition, transpiration loss rates and soil water potentials (ψs) were measured daily.The total plant water potential (ψ), the osmotic potential (ψa), turgor potential (ψp), and transpiration losses from the two plant species were influenced by soil water potential (ψs) and AED. The effect was greater on ψa than on either ψ or ψp. The combined effect of AED and ψs was more marked than either effect alone. High AED influenced plant moisture retention and transpiration more than low AED. The influence of the AED was more marked in moist soil (high ψs) than in drier soil.