bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Sharing through Face‐to‐Face Communication and Labour Productivity: Evidence from British Workplaces
Authors: Salis Sergio , Williams Allan M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe investigate whether the adoption by workplaces of human resources management (HRM) practices that enhance face‐to‐face communication (FTFC) among employees is associated with productivity gains. The analysis is based on a nationally representative sample of over 500 British trading establishments drawn from the linked 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey and Annual Business Inquiry, for which objective measures of labour productivity (value added per employee) are available. We find a positive association between productivity and FTFC in problem‐solving groups, teams and meetings of senior or line managers and employees, provided that FTFC is adopted on a continuous basis. Our finding suggests that British workplaces in the trading sector could increase their productivity by implementing HRM practices in such a way as to enhance knowledge sharing through employees' personal interactions.
INVENTOR PRODUCTIVITY AND FIRM SIZE: EVIDENCE FROM PANEL DATA ON INVENTORS
Authors: Kim Jinyoung , Lee Sangjoon John , Marschke Gerald 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIt has long been recognized that worker wages and productivity are higher in large firms. Moreover, economists have been interested in the efficiency of large firms in R&D enterprises. This paper uses inventor panel data to examine the relationship between inventor productivity and firm size in the pharmaceutical and semiconductor industries. In both industries, we find that inventors' productivity increases with firm size even after controlling for inventors' experience, education and other firm characteristics. We find evidence in the pharmaceutical industry that this is partly accounted for by differences in the way in which large and small firms organize R&D activities.
The Cross‐Section of Expected Stock Returns: What Have We Learnt from the Past Twenty‐Five Years of Research?
Authors: Subrahmanyam Avanidhar 
Published: November 2009

Abstract I review the recent literature on cross‐sectional predictors of stock returns. Predictive variables used emanate from informal arguments, alternative tests of risk‐return models, behavioural biases, and frictions. More than fifty variables have been used to predict returns. The overall picture, however, remains murky, because more needs to be done to consider the correlational structure amongst the variables, use a comprehensive set of controls, and discern whether the results survive simple variations in methodology.
Notalgia paresthesica successfully treated with narrow‐band UVB: report of five cases
Authors: Pérez‐Pérez L , Allegue F , Fabeiro J‐M , Caeiro J‐L , Zulaica A 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground  Notalgia paresthesica is a disorder of unknown origin characterized by pruritus localized to the patients’ back. Local pain, burning or paresthesias have also been described. No definite treatments have been found for this disorder and most of those reported to date are anecdotal. Topical capsaicin is the option most widely used among dermatologists. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, gabapentin, oxcarbazepine and botulinum toxin have recently shown promising effects. UVB has been used for decades to treat different pruritic skin diseases, but its benefits in the management of NP have not been stated to date.Objectives  To test the effects of UVB in notalgia paresthesica.Methods  We used a course of UVB narrow band to treat five patients with notalgia paresthesica. The treatment was administered following a phototype protocol in a UV 7002 cabinet.Results  We provide the results of a course of UVB narrow‐band phototherapy in five patients. Phototherapy contributed substantially to improve pruritus in all of them.Conclusion  Given the benefits achieved, we stress the interest of UVB narrow‐band as a safe and well tolerated alternative treatment for notalgia paresthetica.
Cetuximab‐induced cutaneous toxicity
Authors: Tomková H , Kohoutek M , Zábojníková M , Pospíšková M , Ostřížková L , Gharibyar M 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground  Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors are recently utilized by oncologists in advanced cases of certain malignancies. However, these agents are associated with numerous cutaneous adverse reactions.Objective  To systematically review the cutaneous toxicity of cetuximab‐treated patients.Methods  An analysis of a series of 24 patients (20 men and 4 women) treated with cetuximab (12 patients with head and neck cancer and 12 patients with colorectal cancer) was performed with respect to relevant clinical characteristics.Results  A total of 22 patients (91.7%) developed pustular or maculopapular follicular eruption, often referred to as acneiform rash. One patient (4.2%) developed paronychia in the course of cetuximab therapy. All patients with head and neck cancer had a combination treatment with radiotherapy and experienced radiation dermatitis accompanied by skin xerosis. Anaphylactic reaction was observed in three patients (12.5%).Conclusions  The most frequent cutaneous side effect reported in this series was acneiform eruption. The authors observed that all women with acneiform rash had only limited facial involvement, whereas all but one man experienced more widespread lesions of the face, the back and the chest. We found no association between the extent and severity of cutaneous eruptions (grade 1 vs. grade 2) and patients’ response to therapy.
Developmental stages of the Japanese quail
Authors: Ainsworth Sophie J. , Stanley Rachael L. , Evans Darrell J. R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDevelopmental biology research has used various avian species as model organisms for studying morphogenesis, with the chick embryo being used by the majority of groups. The focus on the chick embryo led Hamburger and Hamilton to develop their definitive staging series nearly 60 years ago and this series is still the mainstay of all laboratories working with avian embryos. The focus on the chick embryo has somewhat overshadowed the importance of another avian embryo that has proved to be equally powerful, the Japanese quail. Since the late 1960s, chimeras have been produced using chick and quail embryos and this technique has revolutionized the approach taken to the investigation of the cellular and molecular interactions that occur during development. Reviews of the literature demonstrate that many research groups are using the quail embryo in a number of established and new ways, and this species has become a primary animal model in developmental biology. Some staging of quail has been performed but this has been incomplete and variations in descriptions, stages and incubation timings mean that comparisons with the chick are not always easily made. There appears to be general agreement that, at the early stages of embryogenesis, there is little developmental difference between chick and quail embryos, although the basis for this has not been established experimentally. The accelerated ontogeny of quail embryos at mid to late stages of development means that registration with the chick is lost. We have therefore developed a definitive developmental stage series for Japanese quail so that differences are fully characterized, misconceptions or assumptions are avoided, and the results of comparative studies are not distorted.
How and why children change in aggression and delinquency from childhood to adolescence: moderation of overreactive parenting by child personality
Authors: De Haan A.D. , Prinzie P. , Deković M. 
Published: November 2009

Background:  This study examines how and why children change in aggression and delinquency from age 6 to 15 years. Besides assessing the shape of the developmental trajectories of aggression and delinquency, we investigated whether child personality characteristics, parenting, and interactions between these two predict the development of aggression/delinquency.Methods:  Employing a cohort‐sequential design, data from the Flemish Study on Parenting, Personality, and Development were used. The sample consisted of 586 children aged 6–9 years at the first assessment, and their parents. Mothers, fathers, and teachers rated child personality at Time 1 using the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children, and mothers and fathers rated externalizing behaviors at the first, second, and third assessment using the Child Behavior Checklist. Parents rated their own overreactive parenting at Time 1 with the Parenting Scale.Results:  Aggression and delinquency showed differential, though interrelated development. Less extraverted, benevolent and conscientious children, and more imaginative children were more susceptible to overreactivity. The model replicated across fathers’ overreactivity.Conclusions:  Parents of children who are less extraverted, benevolent and conscientious, or more imaginative, are in particular need of being supported in developing and maintaining effective disciplinary techniques.
Electronic Prescribing at the Point of Care: A Time–Motion Study in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Devine Emily Beth , Hollingworth William , Hansen Ryan N. , Lawless Nathan M. , Wilson‐Norton Jennifer L. , Martin Diane P. , Blough David K. , Sullivan Sean D. 
Published: November 2009

Objective. To evaluate the impact of an ambulatory computerized provider order entry (CPOE ) system on the time efficiency of prescribers. Two primary aims were to compare prescribing time between (1) handwritten and electronic (e‐) prescriptions and (2) e‐prescriptions using differing hardware configurations.Data Sources/Study Setting. Primary data on prescribers/staff were collected (2005–2007) at three primary care clinics in a community based, multispecialty health system.Study Design. This was a quasi‐experimental, direct observation, time–motion study conducted in two phases. In phase 1 (n=69 subjects), each site used a unique combination of CPOE software/hardware (paper‐based, desktops in prescriber offices or hallway workstations, or laptops). In phase 2 (n=77), all sites used CPOE software on desktops in examination rooms (at point of care).Data Collection Methods. Data were collected using TimerPro software on a Palm device.Principal Findings. Average time to e‐prescribe using CPOE in the examination room was 69 seconds/prescription‐event (new/renewed combined)—25 seconds longer than to handwrite (99.5 percent confidence interval [CI] 12.38), and 24 seconds longer than to e‐prescribe at offices/workstations (99.5 percent CI 8.39). Each calculates to 20 seconds longer per patient.Conclusions. E‐prescribing takes longer than handwriting. E‐prescribing at the point of care takes longer than e‐prescribing in offices/workstations. Improvements in safety and quality may be worth the investment of time.
The pattern of Neoglacial glacier variations in the Okstindan region of northern Norway during the last three millennia
Authors: GRIFFEY NIGEL J. , WORSLEY PETER 
Published: November 2009

BOREAS Griffey, N. J. & Worsley, P. 1978 03 01: The pattern of Neoglacial glacier variations in the Okstindan region of northern Norway during the last three millennia (Okstindan Research Project Report 26). Boreas, Vol. 7, pp. 1–17. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.Historical, lichenometrical and stratigraphical evidence is combined to establish a provisional history of Neoglacial glacier variation in a mountainous environment approx. 66oN. Attention is focussed on end moraine chronology. At five sites, derived organic materials have been located within end moraines and at two others in situ palaeosols occur buried beneath distal slopes. Organic rich samples from all the sites have been radiocarbon dated and the results permit the recognition of three major glacier expansion episodes, each of which contributes to the diachronous nature of the Okstindan outer Neoglacial limit. A widespread ‘Little Ice Age’ event with a maximum extent of probable eighteenth century age is confirmed. Limited areas of older moraine ridges peripheral to the ‘Little Ice Age’ maximal limit appear to date from about 3000‐2500 14C years B.P. and a younger period tentatively dated as about 1250‐1000 14C years B. P. which agrees with recent data from Engabreen in northwest Svartisen. No evidence for any extensive glacial activity after the inlandice wastage approx. 9000 14C years B. P. and prior to 3000 14C years B.P. was forthcoming.
Planktonic foraminiferal and oxygen isotopic stratigraphy and paleoclimatology of Norwegian Sea deep‐sea cores
Authors: KELLOGG THOMAS B. , DUPLESSY JEAN CLAUDE , SHACKLETON NICHOLAS J. 
Published: November 2009

BOREAS Kellogg, T. B., Duplessy, J. C. & Shackleton, N. J. 1978 03 01: Planktonic foraminiferal and oxygen isotopic stratigraphy and paleoclimatology of Norwegian Sea deep‐sea cores. Boreas. Vol. 7, pp. 61–73. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.Three Norwegian Sea deep‐sea cores, which penetrate to sediments at least 200,000 years old, were analyzed for oxygen isotope content, total calcium carbonate, and planktonic foraminifera. The oxygen isotopic stratigraphy was used to refine the time control for paleoclimatic and paleo‐oceanographic events previously described for the region. Two pulses of relatively warm subpolar water entered the region between 124,000 B.P. and 115,000 B.P. (the last interglacial), and since about 13,000 B.P. The remaining portion of the last 150,000 years was characterized by extensive ice cover. The magnitude of the change in isotopic composition between peak glacial and peak interglacial conditions is larger than can be explained by the changing isotopic content of the oceans alone suggesting that large temperature and salinity effects are recorded in isotope curves from Norwegian Sea isotope curves. The magnitude of the isotopic change from substage 5e to 5d (greater than 1%) is attributed to a combination of changing oceanic isotopic composition combined with a large temperature effect due to a sudden sea‐surface temperature decrease of about 6oC. The persistence of heavy isotope values throughout substages 5d through 5a may be related to the sea‐ice cover which prevented dilution of the isotopically heavy waters by isotopically light run‐off. Sedimentation rates calculated for each of the isotope stages show large changes from one stage to another with some tendency for odd numbered stages to have higher rates.
REVIEWS: A review of methods used in comprehensive, descriptive studies that relate red blood cell transfusion to clinical data
Authors: Biggin Katherine , Warner Pamela , Prescott Robin , McClelland Brian 
Published: November 2009

BACKGROUND: Red blood cell (RBC) use varies greatly between countries but the underlying reasons are not well understood. Some insight might be gained from blood utilization studies that provide a complete view of the clinical conditions that place individuals at risk of transfusion. This review considers the methodology of published studies that might provide such information and proposes requirements for future studies.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A literature search was performed to identify quantitative studies of RBC use related to clinical data, for which the findings are representative of well‐defined populations. Extraction and analysis of methodologic information and epidemiologic data were performed.RESULTS: The 13 studies identified for inclusion varied in their approach to defining the population from which the study sample was selected, classification of clinical data, and method of attributing transfusion events to clinical case groups, including the observational time frame.CONCLUSION: Variability in methods prevents useful interpretation or comparison of the findings. Standardization and transparency of methodology and definitions are essential if future studies are to enable comparison of the factors associated with RBC transfusion in different populations and to improve understanding of the wide variations in RBC use.
BLOOD COMPONENTS: Screening of single‐donor apheresis platelets for bacterial contamination: the PASSPORT study results
Authors: Dumont Larry J. , Kleinman Steven , Murphy James R. , Lippincott Rebecca , Schuyler Robert , Houghton Jaime , Metzel Peyton 
Published: November 2009

BACKGROUND: The PASSPORT study was an FDA‐mandated surveillance of outdated 7‐day apheresis platelets (APs) to assess the bacterial culture release test (RT) performance and the chance of transfusing APs containing viable bacteria compared to untested 5‐day APs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Aerobic and anaerobic culture bottles were inoculated with 4 to 5 mL from APs 24 to 36 hours postcollection. APs were released after 24 hours if no growth was observed. Released APs were recalled for RT positives, and clinical services were notified. Day 8 APs were recultured (surveillance test [ST]). Initially positive RTs and STs were confirmed by AP reculture.RESULTS: A total of 388,903 RTs were accrued September 2005 through January 2008 from 52 regional blood centers: RT‐positive APs interdicted before transfusion, 76 true positive (TP; 195/million; 95% confidence interval [CI], 154‐244/million) and 57 indeterminate (IN); and RT‐positive APs transfused, 14 TP and 242 IN. There were 14 reported septic transfusion reactions (STRs) from 13 AP collections (23 units) transfused on Days 3 through 7; three STRs were from Day 6 or 7 APs. There were two false‐negative RTs causing STRs in three patients. No deaths were reported. STs had four TPs of 6039 tested (662/million; 95% CI, 180‐1695/million).CONCLUSIONS: RT culturing prevents issuance of some bacterially contaminated APs. ST culture data and clinical reports suggest that this screening fails to detect all contaminated units. No fatalities were reported related to AP transfusion. Additional actions or testing may be required to further reduce the residual STR risk of RT APs, even with a 5‐day storage limitation.
TRANSPLANTATION AND CELLULAR ENGINEERING: Prolonged isolated red blood cell transfusion requirement after allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation: identification of patients at risk
Authors: Dahl Daphne , Hahn Andreas , Koenecke Christian , Heuft Hans‐Gert , Dammann Elke , Stadler Michael , Buchholz Stefanie , Krauter Jürgen , Eder Matthias , Sykora Karl‐Walter , Klein Christoph , Ganser Arnold , Sauer Martin 
Published: November 2009

BACKGROUND: Delayed donor red blood cell chimerism (DRCC), pure red blood cell aplasia (PRCA), and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) are poorly documented complications after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The clinical variable “prolonged isolated red blood cell transfusion requirement” (PRTR) was evaluated as a trigger for an extended diagnostic workup.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PRTR was defined as the need for red blood cell (RBC) transfusions beyond Day 60 after HCT. We analyzed 487 patients transplanted between 2000 and 2006. Median age was 37 years (range, 0‐70 years). Peripheral blood stem cells (n = 344), marrow (n = 138), and cord blood (n = 5) from 278 unrelated and 209 family donors were used.RESULTS: Univariate analysis identified age (incidence of 18.3% among elderly patients, 10.5% in adults, and 2.0% among children [p = 0.002]), ABO incompatibility (16.4% after major incompatible, 2.9% after minor incompatible, and 9.4% after ABO‐compatible transplantations [p = 0.003]), conditioning (15.2% after reduced‐intensity regimens vs. 7.3% after myeloablative conditioning; p = 0.006), donor type (13.2% after HLA‐matched unrelated, 13.6% after mismatched unrelated, 5.7% after matched related, and 0.0% after mismatched related grafts; p = 0.026), and acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD; 7.1% with aGVHD vs. 12.5% without aGVHD; p = 0.046) as predisposing factors. In multivariate analysis minor ABO incompatibility (odds ratio [OR] = 0.2, p = 0.01), younger age (OR = 0.1, p = 0.02), and matched related HCT (OR = 0.4, p = 0.02) remained independent protective factors.CONCLUSIONS: PRTR could serve as a trigger for a standardized screening for DRCC, PRCA, and AIHA after HCT.
Violence Toward Nurses, the Work Environment, and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Roche Michael , Diers Donna , Duffield Christine , Catling‐Paull Christine 
Published: November 2009

Abstract Purpose: To relate nurses’ self‐rated perceptions of violence (emotional abuse, threat, or actual violence) on medical‐surgical units to the nursing working environment and to patient outcomes. Design: Cross‐sectional collection of data by surveys and primary data collection for 1‐week periods on 94 nursing wards in 21 hospitals in two states of Australia. Methods: Nursing Work Index‐Revised (NWI‐R); Environmental Complexity Scale (ECS) PRN‐80 (a measure of patient acuity); and a nursing survey with three questions on workplace violence; combined with primary data collection for staffing, skill mix, and patient outcomes (falls, medication errors). Findings: About one third of nurses participating (N=2,487, 80.3% response rate) perceived emotional abuse during the last five shifts worked. Reports of threats (14%) or actual violence (20%) were lower, but there was great variation among nursing units with some unit rates as high as 65%. Reported violence was associated with increased ward instability (lack of leadership; difficult MD and RN relationships). Violence was associated with unit operations: unanticipated changes in patient mix; proportion of patients awaiting placement; the discrepancy between nursing resources required from acuity measurement and those supplied; more tasks delayed; and increases in medication errors. Higher skill mix (percentage of registered nurses) and percentage of nurses with a bachelor of science in nursing degrees were associated with fewer reported perceptions of violence at the ward level. Intent to leave the present position was associated with perceptions of emotional violence but not with threat or actual assault. Conclusions: Violence is a fact of working life for nurses. Perceptions of violence were related to adverse patient outcomes through unstable or negative qualities of the working environment. Perceptions of violence affect job satisfaction. Clinical Relevance: In order to manage effectively the delivery of nursing care in hospitals, it is essential to understand the complexity of the nursing work environment, including the relationship of violence to patient outcomes.