bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serotonin transporter inhibition attenuates l‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia without compromising l‐DOPA efficacy in hemi‐parkinsonian rats
Authors: Bishop Christopher , George Jessica A. , Buchta William , Goldenberg Adam A. , Mohamed Mohamed , Dickinson Sando O. , Eissa Satie , Eskow Jaunarajs Karen L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLong‐term dopamine replacement therapy with l‐DOPA in Parkinson’s disease often leads to the development of abnormal involuntary movements known as l‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia. Growing evidence suggests that, following dopamine cell loss, serotonin neurons acting as surrogates for dopaminergic processes take up l‐DOPA, convert it to dopamine and release it in an unregulated fashion that precipitates dyskinesia. Although most studies have focused on serotonin 5‐HT1 receptor stimulation as an antidyskinetic strategy, targeting the serotonin transporter modulation of dopamine activity has been overlooked. Therefore, in the current study, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were tested for their ability to reduce l‐DOPA‐ and apomorphine‐induced dyskinesia. In Experiments 1 and 2, hemi‐parkinsonian rats were primed with l‐DOPA until stable dyskinesia developed. Rats in Experiment 1 were administered the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors paroxetine, citalopram or fluoxetine, followed by l‐DOPA. Abnormal involuntary movements and forepaw adjusting steps were recorded to determine the effects of these compounds on dyskinesia and motor performance, respectively. Brains were collected on the final test day, after which striatal and raphe monoamines were examined via high‐performance liquid chromatography. In Experiment 2, dyskinesias were measured after selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and apomorphine. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors dose‐dependently attenuated l‐DOPA‐ but not apomorphine‐induced dyskinesia, and preserved l‐DOPA efficacy. Neurochemically, serotonin transporter inhibition enhanced striatal and raphe serotonin levels and reduced its turnover, indicating a potential mechanism of action. The present results support targeting serotonin transporters to improve Parkinson’s disease treatment and provide further evidence for the role of the serotonin system in l‐DOPA’s effects.
Interaction of NMDA receptors and L‐type calcium channels during early odor preference learning in rats
Authors: Jerome David , Hou Qinlong , Yuan Qi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEarly odor preference learning in rats provides a simple model for studying learning and memory. Learning results in an enhanced output from mitral cells, which carry odor information from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex. Mitral cell NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are critically involved in plasticity at the olfactory nerve to mitral cell synapse during odor learning. Here we provide evidence that L‐type calcium channels (LTCCs) provide an additional and necessary source of calcium for learning induction. LTCCs are thought to act downstream of NMDARs to bridge synaptic activation and the transcription of the plasticity‐related proteins necessary for 24‐h learning and memory. Using immunohistochemistry, we have demonstrated that LTCCs are present in the mitral cell and are primarily located on mitral cell proximal dendrites in neonate rats. Behavioral experiments demonstrate that inhibiting the function of LTCCs via intrabulbar infusion of nimidopine successfully blocks learning induced by pairing isoproterenol infusion with odor, while activation of LTCCs via an intrabulbar infusion of BayK‐8644 rescues isoproterenol‐induced learning from a D‐APV block. Interestingly, the infusion of BayK‐8644 paired with odor is by itself not sufficient to induce learning. Synaptoneurosome Western blot and immunohistochemistry measurement of synapsin I phosphorylation following BayK‐8644 infusion suggest LTCCs are involved in synaptic release. Finally, odor preference can be induced by gabazine disinhibition of mitral cells, and NMDAR opening is sufficient for the gabazine‐induced learning. These results provide the first evidence that NMDARs and LTCCs interact to permit calcium‐dependent mitral cell plasticity during early odor preference learning.
Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis following treatment with exenatide
Authors: Nandakoban H. , Furlong T. J. , Flack J. R. 
Published: July 2012

Diabet. Med. 30, 123–125 (2013)AbstractBackground  Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, a cause of acute kidney injury, is seen occasionally following treatment with medications such as antibiotics and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. To date, the development of biopsy‐proven acute tubulointerstitial nephritis after treatment with exenatide has not been reported.Case report  A 58‐year‐old man was prescribed exenatide for poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes mellitus. He subsequently developed deterioration in kidney function, with the estimated glomerular filtration rate declining from 59 to 39 ml min−1 1.73 m−2 over 2 months. Despite cessation of exenatide, there was continued deterioration in estimated glomerular filtration rate to 16 ml min−1 1.73 m−2. He underwent renal biopsy and the sections showed active diffuse tubulointerstitial nephritis with infiltration of eosinophils. He was treated with prednisolone over several months with incomplete recovery in kidney function.Conclusion  Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis should be suspected if there is deterioration in kidney function in a patient treated with exenatide in the absence of other causes of acute kidney injury such as dehydration or hypotension.
Understanding Voters' Preferences: How the Electorate's Complexity Affects Prediction Accuracy and Wishful Thinking among Politicians with Respect to Election Outcomes
Authors: Jottier Dimi , Ashworth John , Heyndels Bruno 
Published: July 2012

SummaryModels of political decision making often assume that politicians are fully informed on voters' preferences. Still, while they may be privileged witnesses of the democratic process, real‐world politicians typically act upon imperfect information. Using a large scale survey among (498) Belgian local politicians we analyse whether and to what extent politicians are informed on public opinion. More precisely, we analyse their predictions of the electoral result of their own party in an upcoming election. The focus is on the impact of the electorate's complexity on this prediction accuracy. Complexity is defined in terms of the size and heterogeneity of the electorate. Complexity is found to affect both cognitive (prediction accuracy becomes smaller) and affective (predictions are biased through wishful thinking) processes underlying the politician's prediction. The empirical results show that smaller electorates have better informed politicians (with smaller prediction errors and less subject to wishful thinking), offering a case for decentralized government. Heterogeneity has a bearing on prediction accuracy and wishful thinking. Interestingly, the effects differ between politicians in power and those in opposition.
Democracy, Economic Freedom and Growth in Transition Economies
Authors: Peev Evgeni , Mueller Dennis C. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThis article examines the interrelationships between democracy, economic freedoms, and economic growth. We study 24 post‐communist economies over the period 1990–2007, and find that strong democratic institutions are associated with greater economic freedoms and larger public sectors and public deficits. Stronger economic freedoms lead to more rapid growth, but large public sectors and public deficits have adverse effects on growth. We identify trade freedom, monetary freedom and freedom from corruption as the most important indicators of economic freedom for growth in transition countries over the period 1994–2007. Some of the factors associated with faster growth prior to the crisis were associated with greater declines in growth during the first years of the financial crisis (2008–2009).
A Note on Political Contestability and the Future of theEuropeanUnion
Authors: Weder Rolf , Grubel Herbert G. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryIn this paper, we argue that, first, the contestable‐markets hypothesis increases our understanding of why and how public referenda and initiatives are beneficial for the political decision‐making process and, second, that these direct‐democratic instruments could solve some of the current and pending institutional problems of theEuropean Union (EU) and reshape its process of political integration. The Lisbon Treaty includes some attempts in this direction which, however, are half‐hearted and thus hardly increase the democratic control of theEUby its member states and their citizens.
Ectopic expression of Arabidopsis glutaredoxin AtGRXS17 enhances thermotolerance in tomato
Authors: Wu Qingyu , Lin Julie , Liu Jian‐Zhong , Wang Xiaofei , Lim Wansang , Oh Myungmin , Park Jungeun , Rajashekar C. B. , Whitham Steven A. , Cheng Ning‐Hui , Hirschi Kendal D. , Park Sunghun 
Published: July 2012

SummaryWhile various signalling networks regulate plant responses to heat stress, the mechanisms regulating and unifying these diverse biological processes are largely unknown. Our previous studies indicate that the Arabidopsis monothiol glutaredoxin, AtGRXS17, is crucial for temperature‐dependent postembryonic growth in Arabidopsis. In the present study, we further demonstrate that AtGRXS17 has conserved functions in anti‐oxidative stress and thermotolerance in both yeast and plants. In yeast, AtGRXS17 co‐localized with yeast ScGrx3 in the nucleus and suppressed the sensitivity of yeast grx3grx4 double‐mutant cells to oxidative stress and heat shock. In plants, GFP‐AtGRXS17 fusion proteins initially localized in the cytoplasm and the nuclear envelope but migrated to the nucleus during heat stress. Ectopic expression of AtGRXS17 in tomato plants minimized photo‐oxidation of chlorophyll and reduced oxidative damage of cell membrane systems under heat stress. This enhanced thermotolerance correlated with increased catalase (CAT) enzyme activity and reduced H2O2 accumulation in AtGRXS17‐expressing tomatoes. Furthermore, during heat stress, expression of the heat shock transcription factor (HSF) and heat shock protein (HSP) genes was up‐regulated in AtGRXS17‐expressing transgenic plants compared with wild‐type controls. Thus, these findings suggest a specific protective role of a redox protein against temperature stress and provide a genetic engineering strategy to improve crop thermotolerance.
Luxury seafood consumption in China and the intensification of coastal livelihoods in Southeast Asia: The live reef fish for food trade in Balabac, Philippines
Authors: Fabinyi Michael , Pido Michael , Harani Babylyn , Caceres Jennelyn , Uyami‐Bitara Arselene , De las Alas Aileen , Buenconsejo Jose , Ponce de Leon Eva Marie 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn important contemporary driver of livelihood change in coastal Southeast Asia is the growing demand for luxury seafood in China. Based on fieldwork in the municipality of Balabac in Palawan province, western Philippines, this paper takes stock of this trend, and investigates the implications of the relationship between Chinese patterns of luxury seafood consumption and the intensification of coastal livelihoods in Southeast Asia. The paper focuses mostly on the trade in live reef fish, with reference also to sea cucumber and shark fin. In the light of recent discussions of social and environmental change in Southeast Asia, the paper addresses how the intensification of coastal livelihoods has manifested in important trends, including an increasing reliance on high‐value commodity fisheries such as the trade in luxury seafood. Important consequences of this intensification of coastal livelihoods include environmental degradation, and social change due to the development of broader trading networks. The paper argues that the live reef fish for food trade is an important contemporary livelihood that highlights the ways in which Chinese consumption is having diverse social and environmental consequences for source countries in Southeast Asia.
A Proposed Approach to Informed Consent for Biobanks in China
Authors: Liu Min , Hu Qingli 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTBiobanks are potential goldmines for genomics research. They have become increasingly common as a means to determine the relationship between lifestyle, environmental exposures and predisposition to genetic disease. More and more countries are developing massive national scale biobanks, including Iceland, the UK and Estonia.Now several large‐scale regional and national biobanks are planned in China, such as Shanghai Biobank, which is defined as a key‐element in Shanghai's twelfth five‐year Development Plan of Science and Technology. It is imperative that the authors who are in charge of the ethical aspect of Shanghai Biobank discuss the ethical aspects of these biobanks up front. Currently there is a great deal of heterogeneity in the approaches to informed consent taken by different countries. In the article, after briefly introducing the biobanks in China, we focus on the three most common approaches: classical informed consent, tiered consent, and one‐time general (or blanket) consent, and propose a version of the latter for China, based on compelling arguments.
Efficiency Wages and the Economic Effects of the Minimum Wage: Evidence from a Low‐Wage Labour Market*
Authors: Georgiadis Andreas 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article exploits a natural experiment provided by the 1999 introduction of the UK National Minimum Wage (NMW) to test for efficiency wage considerations in a low‐wage sector, the UK residential care homes industry. The empirical results provide support to the wage‐supervision trade‐off prediction of the shirking model and suggest that the NMW may have operated as an efficiency wage in the care homes sector, leading to a reduction in supervision costs. These findings can explain earlier evidence suggesting that although the NMW introduction increased wages dramatically in the care homes sector, it generated only moderate negative employment effects.
Origins of an Urban Crisis: The Restructuring of the San Francisco Bay Area and the Geography of Foreclosure
Authors: Schafran Alex 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCommunities on the fringes of the American metropolis have recently garnered attention as the centers of the foreclosure crisis and its aftermath. On the one hand, this attention to the urban nature of the crisis is welcome, as the metamorphosis of the mortgage fiasco into a financial crisis‐cum‐global economic meltdown turned popular attention away from the urban roots of this calamity. But this emphasis on the exurbs as the site of crisis lends itself to the misconception that they, rather than the restructuring of the metropolis as a whole, are the sole source of the crisis. This article works across multiple scales to examine how three interwoven factors — demographics, policy and capital — each reacted to the San Francisco Bay Area landscape inherited at the end of the 1970s, affecting the region in new ways, leaving some places thriving and others struggling with foreclosure, which leads to plummeting property values and the deep uncertainty of the current American metropolis. This restructuring can be seen as the convergence between the unresolved urban crisis of the postwar era and the various reactions in the neoliberal era. It demands a reimagining of both planning and geography, especially from the left.RésuméLes communautés vivant à la périphérie des métropoles américaines ont récemment suscité l’attention comme pôles de la crise des saisies hypothécaires et de ses conséquences. Cet intérêt pour la nature urbaine de la crise est opportun, car la métamorphose du fiasco immobilier en crise financière alliée à un effondrement de l’économie mondiale a détourné l’attention des racines urbaines de ce désastre. Cependant, pointer ainsi les périphéries comme sites de la crise cautionne l’idée fausse selon laquelle elles seules en sont la source, et non la restructuration urbaine dans son ensemble. Cette analyse opère à plusieurs échelons afin d’examiner comment trois facteurs entrelacés (démographie, politique et capital) ont chacun réagi au paysage de Bay Area hérité de la fin des années 1970, dans la région métropolitaine de San Francisco. Celle‐ci a été affectée de façons nouvelles, laissant certains lieux florissants et d’autres aux prises avec les saisies hypothécaires, la situation conduisant à l’effondrement de l’immobilier et à une incertitude profonde de la métropole américaine actuelle. On peut envisager cette restructuration comme la convergence de la crise urbaine non résolue de l’après‐guerre avec les diverses réponses données à l’époque néolibérale. Cela implique de réimaginer à la fois l’urbanisme et la géographie, en particulier de la part de la Gauche.
Then I'll Huff, and I'll Puff, and I'll . . . : A Natural Experiment on Property Titling, Housing Improvement and the Psychology of Tenure Security
Authors: Van Gelder Jean‐Louis 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe provision of tenure security for residents of informal settlements has been among the highest ranking and most debated topics on the development agenda. Some have fervently argued for the distribution of property title to establish security and generate incentives for investment in housing improvement. Others have argued that it is the security as perceived that determines whether and how much dwellers invest. This article examines the psychological pathways through which titling is supposed to work, hypothesizing that they operate largely through increases in perceptions of security. This is done by capitalizing on a natural experiment in which half of the residents of an informal settlement in Buenos Aires received property title, while allocation to the other half was delayed due to a legal restriction. The results show that perceptions of security partially mediated the titling–investment relationship and shed new light on the debate by laying bare the psychological mechanisms of dweller decision making.RésuméApporter la sécurité d’occupation aux habitants des logements informels fait partie des sujets prioritaires les plus débattus en matière de développement. Certains ont ardemment défendu la distribution de titres de propriété comme moyen de fournir une garantie et d’inciter à investir dans l’amélioration de l’habitat. D’autres avancent que c’est la sécurité subjective qui détermine la décision ou les modalités d’investissement chez la plupart des occupants. Ce travail examine les cheminements psychologiques grâce auxquels l’attribution de titres de propriété est censée fonctionner, en supposant qu’ils opèrent le plus souvent via un accroissement du sentiment de sécurité. Pour ce faire, il se sert d’un cas expérimental naturel dans lequel la moitié des habitants de logements informels de Buenos Aires ont reçu un titre de propriété, tandis qu’une contrainte légale retardait l’attribution à l’autre moitié. D’après les résultats, le sentiment de sécurité a facilité en partie la relation propriété‐investissement et a éclairé le débat en dévoilant les mécanismes psychologiques qui interviennent dans la décision des habitants.
‘Positive’ Gentrification, Social Control and the ‘Right to the City’ in Mixed‐Income Communities: Uses and Expectations of Space and Place
Authors: Chaskin Robert J. , Joseph Mark L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPublic policies supporting market‐oriented strategies to develop mixed‐income communities have become ascendant in the United States and a number of other countries around the world. Although framed as addressing both market goals of revitalization and social goals of poverty deconcentration and inclusion, these efforts at ‘positive gentrification’ also generate a set of fundamental tensions — between integration and exclusion, use value and exchange value, appropriation and control, poverty and development — that play out in particular concrete ways on the ground. Drawing on social control theory and the ‘right to the city’ framework of Henri Lefebvre, this article interrogates these tensions as they become manifest in three mixed‐income communities being developed to replace public housing complexes in Chicago, focusing particularly on responses to competing expectations regarding the use of space and appropriate normative behavior, and to the negotiation of these expectations in thecontext of arguments about safety, order, what constitutes ‘public’ space, and the nature and extent of rights to use that space in daily life.RésuméLes politiques publiques favorables aux stratégies de marché pour constituer des communautés à revenus mixtes se propagent aux États‐Unis et dans plusieurs autres pays du monde. Conçues pour répondre à la fois à des objectifs de revitalisation associés au marché et à des objectifs sociaux de déconcentration de la pauvreté et d’inclusion, ces projets de ‘gentrification positive’ génèrent toutefois en ensemble de tensions élémentaires qui s’exercent concrètement sur le terrain (entre intégration et exclusion, valeur d’usage et valeur d’échange, appropriation et contrôle, pauvreté et développement). S’appuyant sur la théorie de la régulation sociale et sur le cadre du ‘droit à la ville’ d’Henri Lefebvre, l’article revient sur les tensions manifestées dans trois communautés à revenus mixtes de Chicago issues du réaménagement de complexes de logements sociaux. Il s’intéresse notamment aux réactions face aux attentes concurrentes quant à l’utilisation de l’espace et à un comportement normatif approprié, et face à la négociation de ces attentes dans un contexte antagoniste sur la sécurité, sur l’ordre, sur ce qui constitue l’espace ‘public’ ainsi que sur la nature et la portée des droits d’utilisation de cet espace au quotidien.
Industrial application of green chromatography – II. Separation and analysis of preservatives in skincare products using subcritical water chromatography
Authors: Yang Y. , Kapalavavi B. , Gujjar L. , Hadrous S. , Marple R. , Gamsky C. 
Published: July 2012

SynopsisSeveral high‐temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) and subcritical water chromatography (SBWC) methods have been successfully developed in this study for separation and analysis of preservatives contained in Olay skincare creams. Efficient separation and quantitative analysis of preservatives have been achieved on four commercially available ZirChrom and Waters XBridge columns at temperatures ranging from 100 to 200°C. The quantification results obtained by both HTLC and SBWC methods developed for preservatives analysis are accurate and reproducible. A large number of replicate HTLC and SBWC runs also indicate no significant system building‐up or interference for skincare cream analysis. Compared with traditional HPLC separation carried out at ambient temperature, the HTLC methods can save up to 90% methanol required in the HPLC mobile phase. However, the SBWC methods developed in this project completely eliminated the use of toxic organic solvents required in the HPLC mobile phase, thus saving a significant amount of money and making the environment greener. Although both homemade and commercial systems can accomplish SBWC separations, the SBWC methods using the commercial system for preservative analysis are recommended for industrial applications because they can be directly applied in industrial plant settings.