bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate niches of milkweeds with plesiomorphic traits (Secamonoideae; Apocynaceae) and the milkweed sister group link ancient African climates and floral evolution
Authors: Livshultz Tatyana , Mead Jerry V. , Goyder David J. , Brannin Michelle 
Published: November 2011

• Premise of the study: Climate change that increases mortality of plants and pollinators can create mate‐finding Allee effects and thus act as a strong selective force on floral morphology. Milkweeds (Secamonoideae and Asclepiadoideae; Apocynaceae) are typically small plants of seasonally dry habitats, with pollinia and high pollen‐transfer efficiency. Their sister group (tribe Baisseeae and Dewevrella) is mostly comprised of giant lianas of African rainforests, with pollen in monads. Comparison of the two groups motivated a new hypothesis: milkweeds evolved in the context of African aridification and the shifting of rainforest to dry forest. Pollinia and high pollen‐transfer efficiency may have been adaptations that alleviated mate‐finding Allee effects generated by high mortality during droughts. We formally tested whether milkweeds have a drier climate niche by comparing milkweeds with plesiomorphic traits (Secamonoideae) and the milkweed sister group in continental Africa.• Methods: We georeferenced specimens of the milkweed sister group and Secamonoideae in continental Africa, extracted 19 climatic variables from the Worldclim model, conducted factor analysis to identify correlated suites of variables, and compared the frequency distributions of the two lineages relative to each factor.• Key results: The distributions of Secamonoideae and the milkweed sister group differed significantly relative to four factors, each correlated with a distinct suite of climate parameters: (1) air temperature (Secamonoideae: cooler), (2) total and (3) summer precipitation (Secamonoideae: drier), and (4) temperature seasonality and isothermality (Secamonoideae: more seasonal and less isothermal).• Conclusions: Secamonoideae in continental Africa inhabit drier, cooler sites than do the milkweed sister group, consistent with a shift from rainforests to dry forests in a cooling climate.
COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage and Factors Associated With Vaccine Uptake Among People With HIV
Authors: Hechter Rulin C. , Qian Lei , Liu In-Lu Amy , Sy Lina S. , Ryan Denison S. , Xu Stanley , Williams Joshua T. B. , Klein Nicola P. , Kaiser Robyn M. , Liles Elizabeth G. , Glanz Jason M. , Jackson Lisa A. , Sundaram Maria E. , Weintraub Eric S. , Tseng Hung Fu 
Published: June 2024

ImportancePeople with HIV (PWH) may be at increased risk for severe outcomes with COVID-19 illness compared with people without HIV. Little is known about COVID-19 vaccination coverage and factors associated with primary series completion among PWH.ObjectivesTo evaluate COVID-19 vaccination coverage among PWH and examine sociodemographic, clinical, and community-level factors associated with completion of the primary series and an additional primary dose.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used electronic health record data to assess COVID-19 vaccination information from December 14, 2020, through April 30, 2022, from 8 health care organizations of the Vaccine Safety Datalink project in the US. Participants were adults diagnosed with HIV on or before December 14, 2020, enrolled in a participating site.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe percentage of PWH with at least 1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine and PWH who completed the COVID-19 vaccine primary series by December 31, 2021, and an additional primary dose by April 30, 2022. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% CIs were estimated using Poisson regression models for factors associated with completing the COVID-19 vaccine primary series and receiving an additional primary dose.ResultsAmong 22 058 adult PWH (mean [SD] age, 52.1 [13.3] years; 88.8% male), 90.5% completed the primary series by December 31, 2021. Among 18 374 eligible PWH who completed the primary series by August 12, 2021, 15 982 (87.0%) received an additional primary dose, and 4318 (23.5%) received a booster dose by April 30, 2022. Receipt of influenza vaccines in the last 2 years was associated with completion of the primary series (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.15-1.20) and an additional primary dose (RR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.54-1.69). PWH with uncontrolled viremia (HIV viral load ≥200 copies/mL) (eg, RR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.85-0.95] for viral load 200-10 000 copies/mL vs undetected or &amp;lt;200 copies/mL for completing the primary series) and Medicaid insurance (eg, RR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.87-0.90] for completing the primary series) were less likely to be fully vaccinated. By contrast, greater outpatient utilization (eg, RR, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.05-1.09] for ≥7 vs 0 visits for primary series completion) and residence in counties with higher COVID-19 vaccine coverage (eg, RR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.03-1.08] for fourth vs first quartiles for primary series completion) were associated with primary series and additional dose completion (RRs ranging from 1.01 to 1.21).Conclusions and RelevanceFindings from this cohort study suggest that, while COVID-19 vaccination coverage was high among PWH, outreach efforts should focus on those who did not complete vaccine series and those who have uncontrolled viremia.
Heavy Lifetime Cannabis Use and Mortality by Sex
Authors: Vallée Alexandre 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceThe association between mortality and cannabis use remains unclear.ObjectiveTo examine sex-stratified associations of cumulative lifetime cannabis use with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in the UK Biobank population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from volunteers in the UK Biobank population. Participant monitoring for mortality in the UK Biobank study commenced from the point of their inclusion between 2006 and 2010 and continued until December 19, 2020. Data regarding the causes of death were sourced from the National Health Service Information Centre. Data were analyzed from inception of study inclusion to December 2020.ExposureCannabis use status was assessed by questionnaire and categorized as heavy, moderate, low, and never.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. Sex-stratified associations of cumulative lifetime cannabis use with mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustment for demographic and clinical variables.ResultsAmong 121 895 participants (54.51% females with mean [SD] age of 55.15 [7.64] years; 45.49% males with mean [SD] age of 56.46 [7.79] years) during an overall median of 11.80 years (IQR, 10.53-13.22 years) of follow-up, 2375 total deaths occurred, including 1411 deaths from CVD and 440 from cancer. In males, after full adjustment, the hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.28 (95% CI, 0.90-1.81) for all-cause mortality, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.43-2.25) for CVD mortality, and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.71-1.67) for cancer mortality among heavy cannabis users compared with never users. In females, after full adjustment, the HRs were 1.49 (95% CI, 0.92-2.40) for all-cause mortality, 2.67 (95% CI, 1.19-4.32) for CVD mortality, and 1.61 (95% CI, 0.91-2.83) for cancer mortality among heavy cannabis users compared with never users. In female current tobacco users, after full adjustment, heavy cannabis use was associated with all-cause mortality (HR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.12-4.53), CVD mortality (HR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.43-15.36), and cancer mortality (HR, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.50-8.33) and among never tobacco users was associated with CVD mortality (HR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.67-6.61). In male current tobacco users, heavy cannabis use was associated with cancer mortality (HR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.14-5.23).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, a positive association between CVD mortality and heavy lifetime cannabis use was observed among females. Longitudinal studies are needed in general populations to investigate the potential effects of cannabis on mortality.
Designer Anions for Better Rechargeable Lithium Batteries and Beyond
Authors: Song Ziyu , Wang Xingxing , Feng Wenfang , Armand Michel , Zhou Zhibin , Zhang Heng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNon‐aqueous electrolytes, generally consisting of metal salts and solvating media, are indispensable elements for building rechargeable batteries. As the major sources of ionic charges, the intrinsic characters of salt anions are of particular importance in determining the fundamental properties of bulk electrolyte, as well as the features of the resulting electrode‐electrolyte interphases/interfaces. To cope with the increasing demand for better rechargeable batteries requested by emerging application domains, the structural design and modifications of salt anions are highly desired. Here, salt anions for lithium and other monovalent (e.g., sodium and potassium) and multivalent (e.g., magnesium, calcium, zinc, and aluminum) rechargeable batteries are outlined. Fundamental considerations on the design of salt anions are provided, particularly involving specific requirements imposed by different cell chemistries. Historical evolution and possible synthetic methodologies for metal salts with representative salt anions are reviewed. Recent advances in tailoring the anionic structures for rechargeable batteries are scrutinized, and due attention is paid to the paradigm shift from liquid to solid electrolytes, from intercalation to conversion/alloying‐type electrodes, from lithium to other kinds of rechargeable batteries. The remaining challenges and key research directions in the development of robust salt anions are also discussed.
DNA Framework‐Enabled 3D Organization of Antiarrhythmic Drugs for Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation
Authors: Chen Hangwei , Li Fan , Ge Yulong , Liu Junyi , Xing Xing , Li Min , Ge Zhilei , Zuo Xiaolei , Fan Chunhai , Wang Shaopeng , Wang Fang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPreorganizing molecular drugs within a microenvironment is crucial for the development of efficient and controllable therapeutic systems. Here, the use of tetrahedral DNA framework (TDF) is reported to preorganize antiarrhythmic drugs (herein doxorubicin, Dox) in 3D for catheter ablation, a minimally invasive treatment for fast heartbeats, aiming to address potential complications linked to collateral tissue damage and the post‐ablation atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence resulting from incomplete ablation. Dox preorganization within TDF transforms its random distribution into a confined, regular spatial arrangement governed by DNA. This, combined with the high affinity between Dox and DNA, significantly increases local Dox concentration. The exceptional capacity of TDF for cellular internalization leads to a 5.5‐fold increase in intracellular Dox amount within cardiomyocytes, effectively promoting cellular apoptosis. In vivo investigations demonstrate that administering TDF‐Dox reduces the recurrence rate of electrical conduction after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) to 37.5%, compared with the 77.8% recurrence rate in the free Dox‐treated group. Notably, the employed Dox dosage exhibits negligible adverse effects in vivo. This study presents a promising treatment paradigm that strengthens the efficacy of catheter ablation and opens a new avenue for reconciling the paradox of ablation efficacy and collateral damage.
Visualizing Phase Evolution of Co2C for Efficient Fischer–Tropsch to Olefins
Authors: Hong Xiaoling , Zhao Qiao , Chen Yanping , Yu Zhibin , Zhou Mengzhen , Chen Yan , Luo Wenhao , Wang Chang , Ta Na , Li Haitao , Ye Runping , Zu Xiaotao , Liu Wei , Liu Jian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCobalt carbide (Co2C) possesses high catalytic efficiency Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS), while the products selectivity appears sensitive to crystallography geometry. Since the Anderson–Schulz–Flory (ASF) distribution in FTS is broken through fabricating facetted Co2C nanocrystals, yet the underlying mechanism of Co2C crystallization remains unclarified suffering from sophisticated catalyst composition involving promoter agents. Herein, the synthesis of high‐purity single‐crystal nanoprisms (Co2C‐p) for highly efficient FTS is reported to lower olefins. Through comprehensive microstructure analysis, e.g., high‐resolution TEM, in situ TEM and electron diffraction, as well as finite element simulation of gas flow field, for the first time the full roadmap of forming catalytic active cobalt carbides is disclosed, starting from reduction of Co3O4 precursor to CoO intermediate, then carburization into Co2C‐s and subsequent ripening growth into Co2C‐p. This gas‐induced engineering of crystal phase provides a new synthesis strategy, with many new possibilities for precise design of metal‐based catalyst for diverse catalytic applications.
Room‐Temperature Band‐Aligned Infrared Heterostructures for Integrable Sensing and Communication
Authors: Xiao Kening , Zhang Shi , Zhang Kaixuan , Zhang Libo , Wen Yuanfeng , Tian Shijian , Xiao Yunlong , Shi Chaofan , Hou Shicong , Liu Changlong , Han Li , He Jiale , Tang Weiwei , Li Guanhai , Wang Lin , Chen Xiaoshuang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe demand for miniaturized and integrated multifunctional devices drives the progression of high‐performance infrared photodetectors for diverse applications, including remote sensing, air defense, and communications, among others. Nonetheless, infrared photodetectors that rely solely on single low‐dimensional materials often face challenges due to the limited absorption cross‐section and suboptimal carrier mobility, which can impair sensitivity and prolong response times. Here, through experimental validation is demonstrated, precise control over energy band alignment in a type‐II van der Waals heterojunction, comprising vertically stacked 2D Ta2NiSe5and the topological insulator Bi2Se3, where the configuration enables polarization‐sensitive, wide‐spectral‐range photodetection. Experimental evaluations at room temperature reveal that the device exhibits a self‐powered responsivity of 0.48 A·W−1, a specific directivity of 3.8 × 1011cm·Hz1/2·W−1, a response time of 151 µs, and a polarization ratio of 2.83. The stable and rapid photoresponse of the device underpins the utility in infrared‐coded communication and dual‐channel imaging, showing the substantial potential of the detector. These findings articulate a systematic approach to developing miniaturized, multifunctional room‐temperature infrared detectors with superior performance metrics and enhanced capabilities for multi‐information acquisition.
Comparison of serum WFA+‐M2BP, FIB‐4, and APRI for cirrhosis and esophageal varices prediction in hepatoma patients
Authors: Lin Ming‐Tsung , Chang Kuo‐Chin , Wang Chih‐Chi , Chiu Sherry Yueh‐Hsia , Yong Chee‐Chien , Liu Yueh‐Wei , Li Wei‐Feng , Wang Jing‐Houng , Huang Chao‐Cheng , Hsiao Chang‐Chun , Tai Ming‐Hong , Hu Tsung‐Hui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive Mac‐2 binding protein (WFA+‐M2BP) is a novel biomarker for evaluating hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, no previous study has compared its diagnostic accuracy with that of FIB‐4 or APRI nor explored its clinical application for predicting esophageal varices bleeding in HCC patients. In this study, we explored these biomarkers and compared their clinical roles. Total 459 HCC patients who underwent curative operation were enrolled in this study. WFA+‐M2BP level was evaluated using stored blood samples that were collected during surgery, and liver fibrosis was diagnosed based on findings of surgical specimen analysis. Esophageal or gastric varices were evaluated in 207 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). The correlation between the markers was also determined. Our study showed WFA+‐M2BP level, FIB‐4, and APRI had a similar high accuracy of approximately 73% for liver cirrhosis diagnosis. Their levels were significantly correlated with the liver fibrosis stage (p < .0001). WFA+‐M2BP level, FIB‐4, and APRI also had high diagnostic accuracy for varices formation (accuracy, 76.8%–80.2%) and high predictive accuracy for variceal bleeding (accuracy, 73.9%–76.3%). The correlation between WFA+‐M2BP level and FIB‐4 or between WFA+‐M2BP level and APRI was weak (Pearson r < 0.5, p < .0001) but that between FIB‐4 and APRI was very strong (Pearson r > 0.9, p < .0001). Our study demonstrated WFA+‐M2BP level, FIB‐4, and APRI have all shown to be very useful noninvasive methods for evaluating liver fibrosis and predicting esophageal varices bleeding to avoid risky liver biopsy and EGD examination.
A novel homozygous pathogenic missense variant in COX6B1: Further delineation of the phenotype
Authors: Jennions E. , Olsson‐Engman M. , Visuttijai K. , Wiksell Å. , Fluriach Dominguez N. , Kollberg G. , Oldfors A. , Hedberg‐Oldfors C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency is a phenotypically diverse group of diseases caused by variants in over 30 genes. Biallelic pathogenic variants in COX6B1 have been described in four patients to date with varying disease manifestations. We describe the clinical features and follow‐up of a patient with a novel homozygous pathogenic variant in COX6B1 who presented acutely with severe encephalomyopathy associated with an infection. New findings include ophthalmological evaluation and follow‐up of neuroradiological investigations. The novel p.Trp31Arg variant was predicted to be pathogenic in silico, and further functional analyses with biochemical analysis of mitochondrial function showed isolated COX deficiency. Muscle biopsy showed a specific lack of COX6B1 protein together with complex IV deficiency on western blot, enzyme histochemistry, and immuno‐histochemistry.
Accelerating Anhydrous Proton Transport in Covalent Organic Frameworks: Pore Chemistry and its Impacts
Authors: Tao Shanshan , Jiang Donglin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProton conduction is important in both fundamental research and technological development. Here we report designed synthesis of crystalline porous covalent organic frameworks as a new platform for high‐rate anhydrous proton conduction. By developing nanochannels with different topologies as proton pathways and loading neat phosphoric acid to construct robust proton carrier networks in the pores, we found that pore topology is crucial for proton conduction. Its effect on increasing proton conductivity is in an exponential mode other than linear fashion, endowing the materials with exceptional proton conductivities exceeding 10−2 S cm−1 over a broad range of temperature and a low activation energy barrier down to 0.24 eV. Remarkably, the pore size controls conduction mechanism, where mesopores promote proton conduction via a fast‐hopping mechanism, while micropores follow a sluggish vehicle process. Notably, decreasing phosphoric acid loading content drastically reduces proton conductivity and greatly increases activation energy barrier, emphasizing the pivotal role of well‐developed proton carrier network in proton transport. These findings and insights unveil a new general and transformative guidance for designing porous framework materials and systems for high‐rate ion conduction, energy storage, and energy conversion.
Utilizing the Perfluoronaphthalene Radical Cation as a Selective Deelectronator to Access a Variety of Strongly Oxidizing Reactive Cations
Authors: Sellin Malte , Willrett Julie , Röhner David , Heizmann Tim , Fischer Julia , Seiler Matthis , Holzmann Celia , Engesser Tobias A. , Radtke Valentin , Krossing Ingo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA selective deelectronation reagent with very high potential of +2.00 (solution)/+2.41 V (solid‐state) vs. Fc+/0 and based on a room temperature stable perfluoronaphthalene (naphthaleneF) radical cation salt was developed and applied. The solid‐state deelectronation of commercial naphthaleneF with [NO]+[F{Al(ORF)3}2]− generates [naphthaleneF]+⋅[F{Al(ORF)3}2]− (ORF=OC(CF3)3) in gram scale. Thermochemical analysis unravels the solid‐state deelectronation potential of the starting [NO]+‐reagent to be +2.34 V vs. Fc+/0 with [F{Al(ORF)3}2]− counterion, but only +1.14 V vs. Fc+/0 with the small [SbF6]− ion. Selective reactions demonstrate the selectivity of [naphthaleneF]+⋅ for deelectronation of a multitude of organ(ometall)ic molecules and elements in solution: providing the molecular structures of the acene dications [tetracene]2+, [pentacene]2+ or spectroscopic evidence for the carbonyl complex of the ferrocene dication [Fc(CO)]2+, the [P9]+ cation from white phosphorus, the solvent‐free copper(I) salt starting from copper metal and the dicationic Fe(IV)‐scorpionate complex [Fe(sc)2]2+.
Statistical investigation of the experimental variables in the hydrosilylation reaction of a trimethylsiloxy‐terminated poly (methylhydro‐dimethyl)siloxane copolymer and an unsaturated polyethylene glycol using response surface methodology
Authors: Kamrani Soheila Nakhjiri , Barati Ali , Joshaghani Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

The hydrosilylation reaction is a suitable route to prepare efficient, transparent, and low‐viscose silicone surfactants with low surface tension. Initial materials, the catalyst used, and experimental conditions are highly effective variables to achieve the maximum efficiency of the reaction, reduce the consumption of the catalyst, and prevent side reactions. To draw a comprehensive conclusion on the effect of these variables, a series of trimethylsiloxy‐terminated poly (methylhydro‐dimethyl)siloxanes copolymer (abbreviated as RSiH with different preceding numbers) and two unsaturated polyethylene glycols (UPEG200 and UPEG400) were selected, and the reactions in the presence of two platinum‐based catalysts, namely, hexachloroplatinic acid and ammonium hexachloroplatinate, were statistically studied by Design of Experiment. After initial pre‐investigations, the amounts of reactant and catalyst were subjected to analysis of variance using response surface methodology (RSM). Based on the results, low‐viscose and low‐surface tension silicone surfactants were obtained using UPEG400, RSiH105, and (NH4)2PtCl6 as catalysts, at temperatures over 170 °C. The best results were obtained with a relatively low concentration of the catalyst between 2.57 × 10−6 and 2.72 × 10−6 equivalent catalyst per UPEG. The relative equivalent ratio of [UPEG]/[RSiH] at the optimum condition was 1.6, which provided a surface tension below 21 mN/m together with a minimum amount of unreacted RSiH (less than 3%). The silicone surfactant was characterized as a pure product by a series of spectroscopic methods, such as FT‐IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies, as well as bromine number index. These excellent properties make this compound a new alternative in various industries.