bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in novel biomarkers of disease activity in juvenile and adult dermatomyositis are sensitive biomarkers of disease course
Authors: Reed Ann M. , Peterson Erik , Bilgic Hatice , Ytterberg Steven R. , Amin Shreyasee , Hein Molly S. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Ernste Floranne , Gillespie Emily Baechler 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveMuscle enzyme levels are insensitive markers of disease activity in juvenile and adult dermatomyositis (DM), especially during the active treatment phase. To improve our ability to monitor DM disease activity longitudinally, especially in the presence of immunomodulating agents, we prospectively evaluated whether interferon (IFN)–dependent peripheral blood gene and chemokine signatures could serve as sensitive and responsive biomarkers for change in disease activity in adult and juvenile DM.MethodsPeripheral blood and clinical data were collected from 51 patients with juvenile or adult DM prospectively over 2 study visits. We performed disease activity measurements and calculated whole‐blood type I IFN gene and chemokine scores. We also measured serum levels of other proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‐6 (IL‐6).ResultsChanges in juvenile and adult DM global disease activity correlated positively and significantly with changes in the type I IFN gene score before adjustment for medication use (r = 0.33, P = 0.023) and with changes in the IFN chemokine score before and after adjustment for medication use (r = 0.53, P < 0.001 and r = 0.50, P < 0.001, respectively). Changes in muscle and extramuscular visual analog scale (VAS) scores correlated positively with changes in IFN gene and chemokine scores (P = 0.002, P < 0.001, P = 0.095, P < 0.001). Serum levels of IL‐6, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) correlated positively with changes in global, muscle, and extramuscular VAS scores (P < 0.05).ConclusionOur findings suggest that changes in type I IFN gene and chemokine scores as well as in levels of IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNFα may serve as sensitive and responsive longitudinal biomarkers of change in disease activity in juvenile and adult DM, even in the presence of immunomodulating agents.
Maximum carotid artery wall thickness and risk factors in a young primary prevention population
Authors: Callahan A. S. , Szarek Michael , Patton John W. , Sillesen Anne‐Sophie , Jones Abrill , Churchwell Keith , Holliday H. Douglas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMaximum carotid artery wall thickness was utilized in a primary prevention population and compared with baseline risk factors. Carotid wall thickness was measured between the blood–intima and media–adventitia interfaces by B‐mode ultrasonography using software calipers at points of protrusion. Long‐axis measures were confirmed by short‐axis assessment. The maximum carotid wall thickness for each subject was divided by age in years to yield an annual accretion rate (called carotid intima–media thickness accretion rate [CIMTAR]). The entire study population was then divided by median CIMTAR to investigate the association with baseline variables used in standard risk assessments with the bifurcated groups. Traditional risk factors such as age, diabetes, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and obesity were not associated with greater than median CIMTAR. Only male gender (P = 0.02) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.002) in baseline variables were associated with an elevated CIMTAR for the entire population. Among those not taking lipid‐lowering therapy at baseline, only systolic blood pressure remained significant (P = 0.0002). Correlations between low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level and maximum carotid wall thickness/CIMTAR were weak for the entire population (r = −0.17/r = −0.12, respectively). Measure of maximum carotid wall thickness may select patients earlier for treatment than traditional risk factors. The addition of CIMTAR to risk algorithms may permit a single‐point assignation of subsequent vascular risk that is more efficacious than traditional risk factors.
Isocyanurates with Planar Chirality: Design, Optical Resolution, and Isomerization
Authors: Goto Hidetoshi , Sudoh Masanao , Kawamoto Keiko , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Inoue Shohei 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTDesigns and syntheses of isocyanurates (1–3) are described on the basis of a novel concept that two enantiotopic faces of Cs‐symmetric, prochiral planar molecules are differentiated with a location of groups at the top or bottom of the planar skeleton using a rigid linker. Such isocyanurates are atropisomeric. The planar‐chiral structures of 1 and 2anti (anti‐conformer of 2) were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analyses, and the space groups were P1 (for 1) and P21/c (for 2anti), resulting that the crystals were racemates. Optical resolutions of 1–3 were successfully accomplished by using chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography technique in combination with circular dichroism, absorption, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the rotational barriers (ΔG‡s) related to isomerizations of 1–3 were estimated to be 27.2 (for 1 at 50 °C), 27.6 (for 2anti at 50 °C), and 40.6 (for 3syn at 150 °C) kcal/mol. The ΔG‡s of 2 and 3 were higher than that of 1 and, in particular, that of 3 was highest among them. This result indicates that an introduction of bulky substituents and an intramolecular bridging are effective for inhibitions of the isomerizations. Chirality 00:000–000, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Salinity and Water Depth on Germination of Phragmites australis in Coastal Wetland of the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Yu Junbao , Wang Xuehong , Ning Kai , Li Yunzhao , Wu Huifeng , Fu Yuqin , Zhou Di , Guan Bo , Lin Qianxin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPhragmites australis, a perennial herb and a widespread species, is widely distributed in coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta. Laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the effects of water and salinity on seed germination of P. australis and recovery response after seed transferred to distilled water. The germination responses of seeds were determined over a wide range of salinities of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 2.5, and 3% and water depths of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 15 cm. Final percent germination and germination speed except for at 0.5% salinity treatment were decreased with increasing salinities. Lower salinity (0.5%) could stimulate germination of P. australis, while seed germination was nearly inhibited completely at salinity 3%. P. australis percent germination was decreased with water depth increasing except 2 cm water depth treatment. Percent germination and speed were great and fast at lower water depth. After end of the recovery period, the final percent germination of P. australis after high salinity treatments (2, 2.5, and 3%) was up to 80%, while those after low salinity treatments were lower than 1%, and percent germination after different water depth treatments was zero. The results indicate that it is possible to accelerate the degraded coastal wetland restoration process of P. australis population by sexual ways in the Yellow River Delta.
The dose-dependent influence of zinc and cadmium contamination of soil on their uptake and glucosinolate content in white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba)
Authors: Kusznierewicz Barbara , Bączek-Kwinta Renata , Bartoszek Agnieszka , Piekarska Anna , Huk Anna , Manikowska Anna , Antonkiewicz Jacek , Namieśnik Jacek , Konieczka Piotr 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The relationship between the ability to accumulate heavy metals (represented by Cd and Zn) and to synthesize bioactive compounds (represented by glucosinolates [GLS]) was investigated in two cabbage cultivars. Plants were grown in the greenhouse of a phytotron under controlled conditions in soils spiked with two different Zn or Cd concentrations. The measurements of Cd and Zn contents in soil and cabbage (leaf) samples were performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy, whereas GLS levels in cabbage were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The ranges of metal contents in soil were 80 to 450 mg/kg dry weight for Zn and 0.3 to 30 mg/kg dry weight for Cd, whereas the levels of accumulated Zn and Cd in cabbage amounted to 15 to 130 and 0.02 to 3 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. After initial symptoms of toxicity, during a later stage of growth, the plants exhibited very good tolerance to both metals. Enhanced biosynthesis of GLS was observed in a dose-dependent manner following exposure to the heavy metals. The GLS content in Zn-exposed cabbage rose from 3.2 to 12 µmol/g dry weight, and the corresponding values for Cd-treated plants were 3.5 to 10 µmol/g dry weight. Thus, the increased soil contamination by metals caused greater accumulation in cabbage, as well as stimulation of GLS biosynthesis. The results obtained point to the high phytoremediation and biofumigation potential of white cabbage. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2482–2489. © 2012 SETAC
Hexa-D-arginine treatment increases 7B2•PC2 activity in hyp-mouse osteoblasts and rescues the HYP phenotype
Authors: Yuan Baozhi , Feng Jian Q , Bowman Stephen , Liu Ying , Blank Robert D , Lindberg Iris , Drezner Marc K 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Inactivating mutations of the “phosphate regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome” (PHEX/Phex) underlie disease in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and the hyp-mouse, a murine homologue of the human disorder. Although increased serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) underlies the HYP phenotype, the mechanism(s) by which PHEX mutations inhibit FGF-23 degradation and/or enhance production remains unknown. Here we show that treatment of wild-type mice with the proprotein convertase (PC) inhibitor, decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethyl ketone (Dec), increases serum FGF-23 and produces the HYP phenotype. Because PC2 is uniquely colocalized with PHEX in osteoblasts/bone, we examined if PC2 regulates PHEX-dependent FGF-23 cleavage and production. Transfection of murine osteoblasts with PC2 and its chaperone protein 7B2 cleaved FGF-23, whereas Signe1 (7B2) RNA interference (RNAi) transfection, which limited 7B2 protein production, decreased FGF-23 degradation and increased Fgf-23 mRNA and protein. The mechanism by which decreased 7B2•PC2 activity influences Fgf-23 mRNA was linked to reduced conversion of the precursor to bone morphogenetic protein 1 (proBMP1) to active BMP1, which resulted in limited cleavage of dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1), and consequent increased Fgf-23 mRNA. The significance of decreased 7B2•PC2 activity in XLH was confirmed by studies of hyp-mouse bone, which revealed significantly decreased Sgne1 (7B2) mRNA and 7B2 protein, and limited cleavage of proPC2 to active PC2. The expected downstream effects of these changes included decreased FGF-23 cleavage and increased FGF-23 synthesis, secondary to decreased BMP1-mediated degradation of DMP1. Subsequent Hexa-D-Arginine treatment of hyp-mice enhanced bone 7B2•PC2 activity, normalized FGF-23 degradation and production, and rescued the HYP phenotype. These data suggest that decreased PHEX-dependent 7B2•PC2 activity is central to the pathogenesis of XLH. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
BAI, A novel cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor induces apoptosis in A549 cells through activation of caspases and inactivation of Akt
Authors: Kim Shin , Lee Jinho , Jang Byeong‐Churl , Kwon Taeg Kyu , Park Jong‐Wook 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPreviously, we have synthesized a novel cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, 2‐[1,1′biphenyl]‐4‐yl‐N‐[5‐(1,1‐dioxo‐1λ6‐isothiazolidin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐indazol‐3‐yl]acetamide (BAI) and reported its anti‐cancer activity in head and neck cancer cells. In this study, we further evaluated the effect of BAI on growth of various human cancer cell lines, including A549 (nonsmall cell lung cancer), HCT116 (colon), and Caki (kidney). Profoundly, results of XTT and clonogenic assays demonstrated that BAI at nanomolar concentrations (20–60 nM) inhibited growth of A549, HCT116, and Caki cells, suggesting the anti‐cancer potency. We show that BAI induced a dose‐dependent apoptotic cell death in these human cancer cells, as measured by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS). Interestingly, further biochemical analysis showed that treatment with BAI at 20 nM induced apoptosis in A549 cells in association with activation of caspases, cleavage of phospholipase C‐γ1 (PLC‐γ1), and inhibition of Akt in A549 cells. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition study revealed that pretreatment with z‐VAD‐fmk, a pan caspase inhibitor strongly blocked the BAI‐induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Transfection analysis with Akt cDNA encoding constitutively active Akt further addressed the significance of Akt inhibition in the BAI‐induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Notably, disruption of the PI3K/Akt pathway by LY294002, a PI3K/Akt inhibitor potentiated apoptosis in A549 cells by BAI at a subcytotoxic concentration. These findings collectively suggest that BAI potently inhibits growth of A549, HCT116, and Caki cells, and that the BAI‐induced apoptosis in A549 cells is associated with activation of caspases, and inhibition of Akt. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 282–293, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A factor analysis of the items of the imaginal processes inventory
Authors: Giambra Leonard M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOver the last several years, responses to the Imaginal Processes Inventory (IPI) developed by Singer and Antrobus have been collected on over 1300 men and women from age 17 to 92 years. The IPI contains items that concern various aspects of daydreaming and attentional processes. The 344 items of the Imaginal Processes Inventory plus age were intercorrelated for the 1300 S sample. This intercorrelation matrix was subjected to a principal components analysis; 53 principal components then were rotated to a Varimax solution. The Varimax solution was transformed, which led to item coefficients that permit the calculation of factor scores for each S on each of the factorially pure components of the Imaginal Processes Inventory. Results of the factor analysis are given in terms of the meaningfully interpreted components. Also presented are mean factor scores for men and women for 12 age groups.
The reliability of diagnoses by technician, computer, and algorithm
Authors: Johnson James H. , Giannetti Ronald A. , Klingler Daniel E. , Williams Thomas A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDescribed a computer‐assisted system for intake assessment. Previous evaluation studies are reviewed. Two experiments (N = 30; N = 35) are reported that compared the reliability of a diagnostic procedure that involves technicians, a structured interview schedule, and a computerized diagnostic program with diagnoses made by clinicians. Results show that the computer‐assisted technician approach is as reliable as the conventional method.
Effects of assertion training on depression
Authors: Hayman Peter M. , Cope Corrine S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis was a non‐analogue study of the effects of assertion training on depression. Twenty‐six moderately depressed females (X̄ = 21.3 years) were assigned randomly to assertion training or delay‐control groups. Results partially supported the effectiveness of treatment. Experimental Ss became significantly more assertive and engaged in significantly more activities than controls, and effects of treatment continued after treatment ended. Eight weeks after treatment, the experimental Ss' scores indicated significantly less depression than at posttesting. Both experimental Ss and delay controls reported a significant decrease in depression from pre‐ to posttest. The two groups were not significantly different in reported depression at posttesting. Other findings included: (1) significant negative correlations between measures of depression and assertiveness; (2) no significant interactions between S type (client and volunteer) and outcome; and (3) no significant interactions between length of time depressed and outcome.
Comparison of MMPI scores of drug abusers and Mayo clinic normative groups
Authors: Patalano Frank 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCompared MMPIs of 80 male and 80 female drug abusers with MMPIs of 550 male and 695 female Mayo Clinic medical patients. Male drug abusers obtained significantly higher scores than male medical patients on all of the clinical scales and the F scale. They obtained a significantly lower score on K. Female drug abusers obtained significantly higher scores than female medical patients on seven clinical scales, D, PD, PA, PT, SC, MA, and SI. They scored significantly higher on F and lower on L and K. Male and female drug abusers scored above 70 on PD, SC, and MA, whereas medical patients did not exceed 60 on any scales. Findings were viewed as supporting the need for individualized, sophisticated, multidimensional psychological assessment and treatment of drug abusers in rehabilitation settings.
Staff attitudes and treatment effectiveness
Authors: Watson Charles G. , Daly William K. , Zimmerman Alice 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPrevious studies of the impact of staff attitude on outcome among psychiatric hospital patients appear to have yielded conflicting results. These conflicts could be the result of the somewhat imprecise methods generally used in such research. In the present study, the correlations between the mean OMISOS attitude scale scores of those staff members who had the greatest impact on patients and the improvement shown by those patients on six personality scales and two measures of tremulousness during the first 2 weeks of hospitalization were evaluated. Protective Benevolence, a scale that reflects a friendly, laissez‐faire approach, was associated with improvement. However, the variables reflected by the Authoritarianism, Accountability and Conventionality scales appeared to impede progress. The relationships between staff attitude and improvement were, in any event, small.
The effects of race and social class on clinical judgment
Authors: Bamgbose Olujimi , Edwards Darrel , Johnson Susan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAsked 61 male clinical psychologists (21 blacks and 40 whites) to assess case histories that were presented to them to determine whether racial or social class biases could be detected. In order to avoid the apparent artificial results or weak interpretations of past research, only cases with concurrently validated diagnoses and 4‐year follow‐up were used. An equal number of positive and negative clinical outcomes were included. Diagnosis, disposition, and rated severity were studied. The following results were found: (1) diagnosis for all psychologists was guided by case characteristics, not bias; (2) severity was related strongly to diagnosis; (3) disposition followed judgments of severity and diagnosis, not bias. The question was raised whether clinical investigators may not have overdramatized bias in psychodiagnosis and clinical judgment.
Do Cognitive Interview Instructions Contribute to False Beliefs and Memories?
Authors: Sharman Stefanie J. , Powell Martine B. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTo examine whether exposing people to false events using instructions taken from the cognitive interview creates false beliefs and false memories, we conducted an experiment where participants took part in two sessions. First, they rated how confident they were that they had experienced certain childhood events and their memories of those events; they also rated how plausible they thought the events were. Second, 2 weeks later, participants were exposed to two of three false target events: one high, one moderate, and one low plausibility. For the first event, participants were instructed to either report everything or mentally reinstate the event context. For the second event, participants received both instructions. The third event was the control event about which participants received no instructions. Finally, participants rated their confidence and memories the second time. The results showed that the cognitive interview instructions had little to no effect on the development of false beliefs and false memories. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Qualitative and quantitative characterization of the arsenic‐binding behaviour of sulfur‐containing peptides and proteins by the coupling of reversed phase liquid chromatography to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Schmidt Anne‐Christine , Mickein Kathleen 
Published: August 2012

Phenylarsenic‐substituted cysteine‐containing peptides and proteins were completely differentiated from their unbound original forms by the coupling of reversed phase liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The analysis of biomolecules possessing structure‐stabilizing disulfide bridges after reduction provides new insights into requirements concerning the accessibility of cysteine residues for reducing agents as well as for arsenic compounds in a spatial protein structure. Complementary binding studies performed using direct ESI‐MS without chromatographic coupling in different solvent systems demonstrated that more than one binding site were activated for aprotinin and lysozyme in denaturing solvents because of a stronger defolding. From the intensities of the different charge states occurring in the mass spectra as well as from the LC elution behaviour, it can be deduced that the folding state of the arsenic‐bound protein species resembles the native, oxidized conformation. In contrast, although the milk protein α‐lactalbumin has several disulfide bridges, only one phenylarsenic moiety was bound under strongly denaturing conditions. Because of the charge state distribution in the ESI mass spectra, a conformational change to a molten globule structure is assumed. For the second considered milk protein ß‐lactoglobulin, a noncovalent interaction with phenylarsine oxide was detected.In general, smaller apparent binding constants for the condensation reactions of the biomolecules with phenylarsine oxide leading to covalent arsenic–sulfur bindings were determined from direct injection ESI‐MS measurements than from LC‐ESI‐MS coupling. The following order of binding affinities for one phenylarsenic group can be assumed from both ESI‐MS and LC‐ESI‐MS: nonapeptide vasopressin > nonapeptide vasotocin > lysozyme > aprotinin > α‐lactalbumin > thioredoxin. Kinetic investigations by LC‐ESI‐MS yielded a partial reaction order of 2 for vasopressin, Lys and α‐lactalbumin and corresponding half‐lives of 0.93, 2.56 and 123.5 min, respectively. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.