bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ret‐PCP2 colocalizes with protein kinase C in a subset of primate ON cone bipolar cells
Authors: Sulaiman Pyroja , Fina Marie , Feddersen Rod , Vardi Noga 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPurkinje cell protein 2 (PCP2), a member of the family of guanine dissociation inhibitors and a strong interactor with the G‐protein subunit Gαo, localizes to retinal ON bipolar cells. The retina‐specific splice variant of PCP2, Ret‐PCP2, accelerates the light response of rod bipolar cells by modulating the mGluR6 transduction cascade. All ON cone bipolar cells express mGluR6 and Gαo, but only a subset expresses Ret‐PCP2. Here we test the hypothesis that Ret‐PCP2 contributes to shaping the various temporal bandwidths of ON cone bipolar cells in monkey retina. We found that the retinal splice variants in monkey and mouse are similar and longer than the cerebellar variants. Ret‐PCP2 is strongly expressed by diffuse cone bipolar type 4 cells (DB4; marked with anti‐PKCα) and weakly expressed by midget bipolar dendrites (labeled by antibodies against Gαo, Gγ13, or mGluR6). Ret‐PCP2 is absent from diffuse cone bipolar type 6 (DB6; marked with anti‐CD15) and blue cone bipolar cells (marked with anti‐CCK precursor). Thus, cone bipolar cells that terminate in stratum 3 of the inner plexiform layer (DB4) express more Ret‐PCP2 than those that terminate in strata 3 + 4 (midget bipolar cells), and these in turn express more than those that terminate in stratum 5 (DB6 and blue cone bipolar cells). This expression pattern approximates the arborization of ganglion cells (GC) with different temporal bandwidths: parasol GCs stratifying near stratum 3 are faster than midget GCs stratifying in strata 3 + 4, and these are probably faster than the sluggish GCs that arborize in stratum 5. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1098–1112, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential gene expression in migrating cortical interneurons during mouse forebrain development
Authors: Faux Clare , Rakic Sonja , Andrews William , Yanagawa Yuchio , Obata Kunihiko , Parnavelas John G. 
Published: November 2009

Abstractγ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons play a vital role in modulating the activity of the cerebral cortex, and disruptions to their function have been linked to neurological disorders such as schizophrenia and epilepsy. These cells originate in the ganglionic eminences (GE) of the ventral telencephalon and undergo tangential migration to enter the cortex. Currently, little is known about the signaling mechanisms that regulate interneuron migration. We therefore performed a microarray analysis comparing the changes in gene expression between the GABAergic interneurons that are actively migrating into the cortex with those in the GE. We were able to isolate pure populations of GABAergic cells by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting of cortex and GE from embryonic brains of glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67)‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice. Our microarray analysis identified a number of novel genes that were upregulated in migrating cortical interneurons at both E13.5 and E15.5. Many of these genes have previously been shown to play a role in cell migration of both neuronal and non‐neuronal cell types. In addition, several of the genes identified are involved in the regulation of migratory processes, such as neurite outgrowth, cell adhesion, and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and microtubule network. Moreover, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization analyses confirmed that the expression of some of these genes is restricted to cortical interneurons. These data therefore provide a framework for future studies aimed at elucidating the complexities of interneuron migration and, in turn, may reveal important genes that are related to the development of specific neurological disorders. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1232–1248, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basal ganglia and thalamic input from neurons located within the ventral tier cell cluster region of the substantia nigra pars compacta in the rat
Authors: Cebrián Carolina , Prensa Lucía 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe most caudally located dopaminergic (DA) ventral tier neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) form typical cell clusters that are deeply embedded in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). Here we examine the efferent projections of 35 neurons located in the SNr region where these SNc cell clusters reside. The neuronal cell body was injected with biotinylated dextran amine so as to trace each complete axon in the sagittal or the coronal plane. Electrophysiological guidance guaranteed that the tracer was ejected among neurons displaying a typical SNc discharge pattern. Furthermore, double immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical labeling ensured that the tracer deposits were placed within the DA cell clusters. Three types of projection neurons occurred in the SNc ventral tier cell cluster region: type I neurons, projecting to basal ganglia; type II neurons, targeting both the basal ganglia and thalamus; and type III neurons, projecting only to the thalamus. The striatum was targeted by most of the type I and II neurons and the innervation reached both the striosome/subcallosal streak and matrix compartments. Many nigrostriatal fibers provided collaterals to the globus pallidus and, less frequently, to the subthalamic nucleus. At a thalamic level, type II and III neurons preferentially targeted the reticular, ventral posterolateral, and ventral medial nuclei. Our results reveal that the SNr region where DA ventral tier cell clusters reside harbors neurons projecting to the basal ganglia and/or the thalamus, thus suggesting that neurodegeneration of nigral neurons in Parkinson′s disease might affect various extrastriatal basal ganglia structures and multiple thalamic nuclei. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1283–1300, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
KCNQ5 reaches synaptic endings in the auditory brainstem at hearing onset and targeting maintenance is activity‐dependent
Authors: Garcia‐Pino Elisabet , Caminos Elena , Juiz José Manuel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractKv7.5/KCNQ5, a voltage‐dependent potassium channel that generates a subthreshold K+ current (also called M‐current), is localized in excitatory endings of auditory brainstem nuclei in the adult rat. Here, we focus on how specific targeting develops from birth to adulthood in the rat. We first analyzed by immunocytochemistry the distribution of KCNQ5 during postnatal development of neurons in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) and their targets in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB). From postnatal days (P) 0 to 12, KCNQ5 immunoreactivity was restricted to cell bodies, whereas from P13 onward a shift in labeling pattern was seen, with KCNQ5 immunoreactivity becoming confined to synaptic endings in both the AVCN and MNTB. The developmental synaptic targeting was also accompanied by a downregulation of KCNQ5 transcripts in the cochlear nucleus from P13 onward, as seen with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We further tested whether auditory nerve activity at hearing onset (approximately P12) regulates synaptic targeting of the channel. Cochleae were removed at P10, before hearing onset. In the MNTB, 3 days after cochlear ablation, at P13, KCNQ5 immunoreactivity was seen in calyces of Held, as in normal age‐matched controls. However, immunolabeling virtually disappeared from MNTB calyces 40 days after cochlear ablation but reappeared in the somata of neurons in AVCN. These findings suggest that synaptic targeting of KCNQ5 in brainstem auditory neurons occurs around the time of hearing onset, regardless of auditory nerve activity. However, long‐term synaptic localization after hearing onset depends on peripheral input. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1301–1314, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Actions of motor neurons and leg muscles in jumping by planthopper insects (hemiptera, issidae)
Authors: Burrows Malcolm , Bräunig Peter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTo understand the catapult mechanism that propels jumping in a planthopper insect, the innervation and action of key muscles were analyzed. The large trochanteral depressor muscle, M133b,c, is innervated by two motor neurons and by two dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons, all with axons in N3C. A smaller depressor muscle, M133a, is innervated by two neurons, one with a large‐diameter cell body, a large, blind‐ending dendrite, and a giant ovoid, axon measuring 50 μm by 30 μm in nerve N5A. The trochanteral levator muscles (M132) and (M131) are innervated by N4 and N3B, respectively. The actions of these muscles in a restrained jump were divisible into a three‐phase pattern. First, both hind legs were moved into a cocked position by high‐frequency bursts of spikes in the levator muscles lasting about 0.5 seconds. Second, and once both legs were cocked, M133b,c received a long continuous sequence of motor spikes, but the two levators spiked only sporadically. The spikes in the two motor neurons to M133b,c on one side were closely coupled to each other and to the spikes on the other side. If one hind leg was cocked then the spikes only occurred in motor neurons to that side. The final phase was the jump movement itself, which occurred when the depressor spikes ceased and which lasted 1 ms. Muscles 133b,c activated synchronously on both sides, are responsible for generating the power, and M133a and its giant neuron may play a role in triggering the release of a jump. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1349–1369, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Area‐specific migration and recruitment of new neurons in the adult songbird brain
Authors: Vellema Michiel , van der Linden Annemie , Gahr Manfred 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNeuron recruitment has been implicated in morphological and functional plasticity in the adult brain. Whereas mammals restrict neuron recruitment specifically to two regions of known plasticity, the hippocampus and olfactory bulb, newborn neurons are found throughout the forebrain of adult songbirds. In order to study the area‐specificity of the widespread proliferation and recruitment in the songbird brain, six adult male canaries received repetitive intraperitoneal injections of the mitotic marker BrdU (5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine) and were sacrificed after 24 hours to study proliferation or after 38 days to study recruitment. Migration and incorporation of new neurons was apparent throughout many but not all parts of the canary forebrain and was quantitatively related to mitotic levels in the most closely associated proliferative zones. Surprisingly, some areas of the vocal control system sensitive to plastic changes, such as nucleus higher vocal center (HVC) and area X, recruited similar numbers of new neurons as their surrounding brain tissues, employing no specific directional mechanisms. The distribution pattern in and around HVC could best be described by a random displacement model, where cells originating from the overlying lateral ventricle can move independently in any direction. Other plastic song control areas, such as the medial magnocellular nucleus of anterior nidopallium and the robust nucleus of arcopallium, were specifically avoided by migrating neurons, while migration toward the olfactory bulb showed high specificity, similar to the mammalian rostral migratory stream. Thus, different mechanisms appear to organize area‐specific neuron recruitment in different recipients of the adult songbird brain, unrelated to global plasticity of brain regions. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1442–1459, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure of the adult central complex in Drosophila: Organization of distinct neuronal subsets
Authors: Young J.M. , Armstrong J.D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe central complex (CX) is a defined set of neuropils located on the midline of the protocerebrum in several arthropods and has been implicated in a number of behaviors. To investigate the function of the CX further it is imperative to know the neuroarchitecture of this structure and to ensure all known neuron types conform to a common nomenclature system. Several types of CX neuron have been identified but it is not known if these exist singly or as components of isomorphic sets. We used an enhancer trap approach to study the adult structure, connectivity, and polarity of CX neurons in Drosophila. We observed several isomorphic sets of small‐field neurons including pontine and fb‐eb neurons, and also isomorphic sets of large‐field neurons including R neurons and F neurons. We found that several types of large‐field F neurons existed in isomorphic sets of approximately eight (four per hemisphere) and found evidence for small‐field neuron types existing as isomorphic sets of 16. Small‐field neurons were observed in clearly organized layers. This study provides a novel insight into CX structure and connectivity and provides a set of characterized enhancer trap lines that will be valuable for future study. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1500–1524, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C2‐Symmetric Ferrocene–Bis(ureido)peptides: Synthesis, Conformation and Solid‐State Structure
Authors: Lapić Jasmina , Djaković Senka , Cetina Mario , Heinze Katja , Rapić Vladimir 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe extension of peptide derivatives of ferrocene‐1,1′‐dicarboxylic acid by formal insertion of NH units between ferrocene and peptide strands results in ferrocene–bis(ureido)peptides. Experimentally, alanine and dialanine methyl esters were attached to the 1‐ and 1′‐position of 1,1′‐diisocyanoferrocene to give the corresponding bis(ureido)peptide derivatives 3 and 4. The conformation of 3 has been determined in the solid state by X‐ray crystallography. In solution the preferred conformation of 3 and 4 has been elucidated by NMR, IR and CD spectroscopy in concert with DFT calculations. The secondary structure of ferrocene–bis(ureido)peptides 3 and 4 is determined by double bifurcated intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IHBs). The different stability of the secondary structures of 3 and 4 is due to different types of IHBs.
Platinum‐Catalyzed Hydrogenative Cyclization of Yne‐Enones, Yne‐Aldehydes, and Yne‐Dienes (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 35/2009)
Authors: Shinde Mahadev P. , Wang Xi , Kang Eun Joo , Jang Hye‐Young 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows Pt‐catalyzed reductive cyclizations under environmentally benign hydrogenation conditions. In a reaction vessel equipped with a hydrogen balloon, the Pt complex catalyzed the cyclizations of yne‐enones, yne‐aldehydes, and yne‐dienes to form five‐ and six‐membered rings. The reaction scope and deuterium labeling studies show the expanded reactivity of the Pt complex for the hydrogenative cyclization of various π systems. Details are discussed in the Short Communication by H.‐Y. Jang et al. on page 6091 ff. The authors acknowledge Won‐Seob Cho for the cover page design.
Does health affect portfolio choice?
Authors: Love David A. , Smith Paul A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA number of recent studies find that poor health is empirically associated with a safer portfolio allocation. It is difficult to say, however, whether this relationship is truly causal. Both health status and portfolio choice are influenced by unobserved characteristics such as risk attitudes, impatience, information, and motivation, and these unobserved factors, if not adequately controlled for, can induce significant bias in the estimates of asset demand equations. Using the 1992–2006 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, we investigate how much of the connection between health and portfolio choice is causal and how much is due to the effects of unobserved heterogeneity. Accounting for unobserved heterogeneity with fixed effects and correlated random effects models, we find that health does not appear to significantly affect portfolio choice among single households. For married households, we find a small effect (about 2–3 percentage points) from being in the lowest of five self‐reported health categories. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managerial characteristics and willingness to send employees on expatriate assignments
Authors: Benson George S. , Pérez‐Nordtvedt Liliana , Datta Deepak K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the characteristics of managers that influence their willingness to send employees on expatriate assignments. Data from 336 senior managers in a major U.S. professional services firm indicate that managers who are higher up in the organizational hierarchy are more willing to send employees on expatriate assignments. In addition, our findings show that managers who have more extensive international experience are more inclined to send employees on such assignments and that managers with expatriate experience themselves are much more willing to send their employees overseas, regardless of whether they currently work with international clients. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Encouraging knowledge sharing among employees: How job design matters
Authors: Foss Nicolai J. , Minbaeva Dana B. , Pedersen Torben , Reinholt Mia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractJob design is one of the most frequently researched practices in the Human Resource Management (HRM) literature, and knowledge sharing has become an important and heavily researched managerial practice. The links between these practices, however, have received little attention in the literature. We argue that job design matters to knowledge sharing for motivational reasons. Specifically, jobs contain characteristics that stimulate different kinds of motivation toward knowledge sharing, which have different effects on individual knowledge sharing behavior. We develop six hypotheses that unfold these ideas and test them on the basis of individual‐level data collected within a single firm. The hypotheses are tested in a LISREL model that confirms that job characteristics, such as autonomy, task identity, and feedback, determine different motivations to share knowledge, which in turn predict employees' knowledge sharing behaviors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outsourcing occupational safety and health: An analysis of the make or buy decision
Authors: Nuñez Imanol 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper investigates the factors affecting the outsourcing decision of occupational safety and health (OSH) services. I posit several hypotheses following the three main approaches to the make or buy question: (1) the transaction cost theory, (2) the resource‐based view of the firm, and (3) the behavioral decision‐making framework. The empirical analysis draws on microdata from 3,047 Spanish firms that are legally obliged to provide organized OSH activities but free to choose the option to outsource. Results show that informational symmetries and increasing transaction costs mainly explain the decision to outsource the OSH activity. Organizational behavior variables, such as management commitment to safety and workers' representation, also relate to the outcome of the decision but not necessarily as hypothesized. Finally, I did not generally observe the strategic value of safety in informing the make or buy decision. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The pros and cons of rewarding social responsibility at the top
Authors: Berrone Pascual , Gomez‐Mejia Luis R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOveremphasis on financial performance criteria to award incentives for CEOs has often been mentioned as one of the main culprits behind recent corporate scandals. In response, there is a growing chorus for inclusion of social performance criteria in the design of executive compensation schemes. To date, however, very little is known about the true benefits of this practice. This article critically discusses the potential advantages and pitfalls of this recommendation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endothelin‐1, big endothelin‐1, and nitric oxide in patients with chronic renal disease and hypertension
Authors: Mikulić Ivanka , Petrik József , Galešić Krešimir , Romić Željko , Čepelak Ivana , Zeljko‐Tomić Monika 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe complex pathogenesis of chronic renal disease (CRD) depends on endothelin (ET) axis (ETs and ET receptors) and nitric oxide (NO) because of their vasoactive effects and their role in general modulation of vascular homeostasis. Various renal cells synthesize ETs and NO that play a significant role in renal hemodynamics as well as in water and salt excretion via urine. ET‐1 is a strong vasoconstrictor. Besides its vasoactive effects, ET‐1 modulates mitosis and apoptosis in a cell type‐dependent manner, and may play an important role in CRD pathogenesis. The aims of this study were to emphasize the role and interactions of ET‐1, Big ET‐1, and NO in CRD. Concentrations of these vasoactive molecules were measured in plasma/serum and/or urine of 57 patients with diabetic nephropathy (subgroup 1), arterial hypertension (subgroup 2) or CRD with chronic renal insufficiency (subgroup 3), and in healthy control subjects (n=18). In comparison with control group, urine concentration of Big ET‐1 was significantly increased (13.13 pmol/L vs. 11.34 pmol/L;P<0.001) in CRD patients, whereas plasma and urine concentrations of ET‐1 did not differ significantly. NO concentrations were also significantly increased in CRD patients (serum, 72.55 µmol/L;P<0.001, and urine 141.74 µmol/L;P<0.05) as compared to control group. Study results indicated that Big ET‐1 and NO could be useful diagnostic parameters in CRD for their diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity (Big ET‐1 in urine: 56.1 and 88.9%, and NO in serum: 66.7 and 83.3%, respectively). In addition, Big ET‐1 may prove useful in the differential diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (78.6% diagnostic sensitivity and 88.9% diagnostic specificity). J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:347–356, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AML1 amplification and 17q25 deletion in a case of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Gulten Tuna , Yakut Tahsin , Karkucak Mutlu , Baytan Birol , Meral Guneş Adalet 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe report a case of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with both acute myeloid leukemia 1 (AML1) amplification and 17q25 deletion. AML1 gene is located on 21q22 and encodes a transcription factor. AML1 amplification is a common finding in childhood ALL, and itis observed as an increase in gene copy number by the FISH analysis. The mechanism of AML1 amplification is not associated with AML1 gene mutations. The 17q25 is a gene‐rich chromosomal location and distinct abnormalities of this region have been observed in previous cases of different kinds of leukemia. Deletion of the 17q25 region has been reported in two leukemia patients. Septin 9 (SEPT9) and survivin genes are located on 17q25. High expression of these genes and AML1 amplification are regarded as markers in tumorigenesis and disease progression; however, more data are needed for accurate prognostic evaluation. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:368–371, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raman and X‐ray diffraction analysis on unburned carbon powder refined from fly ash
Authors: Tai F. C. , Wei C. , Chang S. H. , Chen W. S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe bonding and crystalline structures of oil‐fried fly ash collected from a power plant were analyzed by using Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. These carbon powders underwent a series of annealing treatment for graphitization and crystallization. In Raman spectra, the refined, unburned carbon contains clearly the D, G and D′ peaks under 2000 or 2700 °C treatment. The Raman spectral line shape of refined, unburned carbon heated at 2700 °C is similar to that of commercial graphite made from graphitization process. In the XRD spectra, the refined, unburned carbon contains (002), (100) and (004) diffraction peaks under heating at 2000 or 2700 °C. The XRD spectral line shape of refined, unburned carbon heated at 2700 °C is similar to that of a commercial graphite bar. The quantitative graphitization level from Raman spectra and crystallization degree from XRD spectra on refined, unburned carbon powders serve as preliminary guide for the qualitative evaluation of these unburned carbon powders. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.