bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Nondestructive Estimation of Mechanical Properties of a Carbon Steel by X-ray Diffraction Peak Broadening
Authors: Boumaiza A. , Ji V. , Rouag N. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Carbon steel is largely used in automotive sheet works by deep drawing. The nondestructive determination of the superficial mechanical properties is searched for qualification of the fabrication processes and for service duration estimation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique is nondestructive and can be used to determine microscopic internal stresses by broadening of the XRD peaks. The average magnitude of XRD peak broadening is related directly to the hardness, the elastic limit, or degree of cold work of the material. So it can be used as a means of quantifying the surface mechanical properties. With an empirical relationship between the XRD peak broadening and the conventional mechanical properties (hardness, elastic limit, and plastic deformation) for carbon steel, the superficial mechanical characteristics can be estimated from diffraction peak broadening for finished stages of the manufacture cycle or for maintenance pieces.
Comparison of Both Creep Resistance and Material Properties of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel and Stainless Steel
Authors: Brnic Josip , Lanc Domagoj , Turkalj Goran , Canadija Marko 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
In this paper, a creep resistance comparison of high-strength low-alloy ASTM A618 steel with stainless steel AISI 316L has been considered. Stress versus strain diagrams, the curves related to temperature effects on mechanical properties, as well as creep behavior curves for both of mentioned steels are presented. Material elongation curves and the rheological simulation of creep response are also provided. Experimental investigations have been made using modern computer-directed material testing system.
Food in Films: A Star Is Born
Authors: zimmerman steve 
Published: May 2009

Although food has been part of motion pictures since the silent era, for the most part it has been treated with about as much respect as movie extras: it's always been there on the screen but seldom noticed –– that is until the 1970s and 1980s when food's photogenic qualities were discovered by a handful of filmmakers who made food a star, thus giving birth to a new genre: food films.
To document how food has been treated in movies from the silent era to the present, the author reviewed over 800 American and foreign films. This article, excerpted from the enlarged and updated second edition of the author's book, Food in the Movies, to be released in November, 2009, highlights some of the significant technological, cinematic and cultural forces at work over the past century that helped give birth to as many as thirty food films released in the past thirty years. Some of the more popular ones include: Tampopo (1986), Babette's Feast, (1987), Like Water for Chocolate (1992), Eat Drink Man Woman (1994), Big Night (1996), Mostly Martha (2001), and most recently No Reservations (2007). The article also provides a behind-the-scene look at the extraordinary culinary efforts required to prepare the sumptuous dishes we see on the screen.
Endothelial-mediated coronary flow reserve in patients with mild thyroid hormone deficiency
Authors: Biondi Bernadette , Galderisi Maurizio , Pagano Loredana , Sidiropulos Milena , Pulcrano Melania , D' Errico Arcangelo , Ippolito Serena , Rossi Annalisa , de Divitiis Oreste , Lombardi Gaetano 
Published: May 2009

ContextAlthough coronary flow reserve (CFR) is reduced in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo), the endothelial response of coronary vasomotion has never been explored in this clinical setting.ObjectiveTo investigate the endothelial response of coronary flow in young and middle-aged patients with SHypo, without associated cardiovascular risk factors compared with healthy control subjects.Patients and methodsThe study population consisted of 20 women (mean age 38.4+12.1 years) with newly diagnosed, untreated and persistent SHypo due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. A total of 15 volunteers served as controls. Age, gender, body surface area, glucose, insulin levels, heart rate, systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure were similar in patients and controls. Body mass index was significantly higher in SHypo patients. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, despite not significant, tended to be higher, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to be lower in SHypo. Coronary blood flow velocities were recorded in patients at rest and after the cold pressor test (CPT), a stimulus that can be considered totally endothelium-dependent. CFR was calculated as the ratio of hyperemic-to-resting diastolic peak velocities.ResultsCoronary diastolic peak velocities at rest did not differ between the two groups but were significantly lower after CPT in patients with SHypo, thereby resulting in a lower CFR. The difference remained significant after adjusting resting and CPT velocities for the respective mean blood pressures. TSH was inversely correlated with CFR in the pooled population.ConclusionPatients with SHypo without associated cardiovascular risk factors have a coronary endothelial dysfunction that appears in response to a physiological stimulus (the CPT).
Felt Needs of Parents Who Have a 0- to 3-Month-Old Child with a Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Chuacharoen Rattiya , Ritthagol Wipapun , Hunsrisakhun Jaranya , Nilmanat Kittikorn 
Published: May 2009

Objective: To describe the felt needs of parents who have children from birth to 3 months of age with a cleft lip and palate. Design: Parents were interviewed using structured and semistructured questions at 1 week and 1, 2, and 3 months after birth. Participants: Fifteen parents, including 12 mothers and three fathers, of patients with cleft lip and palate aged 0 to 3 months were interviewed. Results: During the first week after birth, the majority of parents needed to know about feeding and surgery. At 1, 2, and 3 months after birth, more information was required, especially on different surgeries during those periods and speech problems. In addition, a number of parents requested funding for every period, and very few had expectations of moral support from health care professionals. Conclusions: The felt needs expressed in this study changed according to periods of time and mainly concerned feeding, speech problems, and surgery, as well as financial support. The needs of parents, particularly during the transitional period, should be considered as a provision of holistic care for patients with cleft lip and palate and their families.
Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Devambez Marion , Delattre Alexis , Fayoux Pierre 
Published: May 2009

Objectives: To review diagnosis and treatment modalities in congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis in a newborn population. Study Design: A 6-year retrospective case series review. Mean follow-up of 21.8 months. Setting: University hospital, tertiary care center. Patients: Twenty-one consecutive patients treated for congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis. Diagnosis was suspected on physical examination and confirmed by computed tomography scan. Associated abnormalities were present in 15 patients. Surgical Treatment: Nineteen patients underwent surgical treatment focused on external bony margins of pyriform aperture and the osseous anterior edge of the inferior turbinate, drilling by a sublabial approach and associated with a partial turbinectomy in seven cases. A stent was placed for 7 to 10 days. A conservative treatment based on topical nasal decongestants and gastroesophageal reflux treatment was proposed for two patients. Results: Postoperative follow-up revealed septal ulceration in five cases with septal perforation in one case and development of synechiae in two cases. Follow-up revealed normal nasal breathing and pyriform aperture growth after surgery. Conclusion: Our experience confirmed the link described between congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis and holoprosencephaly, but associated extracraniofacial malformations suggest that congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis should be integrated in a systemic malformative syndrome or genetic disorder and lead us to propose an exhaustive dysmorphology assessment. Some infants may be treated by conservative management, and severely affected patients may undergo surgery by a sublabial approach.
Dysphagia and Nutrition Problems in Infants with Apert Syndrome
Authors: Pereira Valerie , Sacher Paul , Ryan Martina , Hayward Richard 
Published: May 2009

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the nature of dysphagia and nutrition difficulties in infants with Apert syndrome. Design: The study comprised a review of the medical, nutrition, and feeding records of 13 consecutive infants still feeding by the bottle who had been referred to the Craniofacial Unit and analyses of swallow function from videofluoroscopic swallow investigations. Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures included qualitative analyses of bottle-feeding and nutritional status and quantitative functional severity ratings of dysphagia based on videofluoroscopic swallow investigations using the O'Neil et al. (1999) Dysphagia Outcome Severity Scale. Results: The main qualitative descriptors of oral feeding in this cohort included uncoordinated suck-swallow-breathe patterns, inability to maintain sucking bursts, and changes in respiratory patterns as the feed progressed. Videofluoroscopic evaluations (N  =  7) showed silent laryngeal penetration or aspiration in more than half of the cohort. Failure to thrive was a frequent occurrence seen in seven infants, and 9 of the 10 required dietetic intervention and enteral supplements. (Nutritional records were not located for three infants.) Conclusions: In view of the small sample size and retrospective nature of the study, the results need to be interpreted with caution. However, the study adds to current limited knowledge on feeding and nutrition in Apert syndrome. Further prospective multidisciplinary and objective research is clearly warranted.
Nasopharyngeal Intubation in Robin Sequence: Technique and Management
Authors: Mondini Cleide C. S. D. , Marques Ilza L. , Fontes Cassiana M. B. , Thomé Sandra 
Published: May 2009

Objective: To provide a detailed description of the nasopharyngeal intubation (NPI) technique and photographs, which should be helpful for those who may need to perform it for treating the airway obstruction in Robin sequence. Design: To describe and illustrate the NPI technique and the necessary considerations for its application. Setting: Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofacial of University of São Paulo, Brazil. Result: The NPI procedure involves the use of a whitish, Portex, number 3.0 or 3.5, silicone tube, introduced 8 cm deep into the infant's nostril and fixed with Micropore tape. The tube is to be removed at least twice a day for proper hygiene (with running water, detergent, and swabs) and should be changed every 7 days. This procedure is taught to the children's parents or caretakers by the nurse during hospitalization. Conclusion: The technique is so simple that it can be performed by the parents themselves, allowing continuation of the treatment at home.
Coping Strategies and Social Support in the Family Impact of Cleft Lip and Palate and Parents’ Adjustment and Psychological Distress
Authors: Baker Sarah R. , Owens Jan , Stern Melanie , Willmot Derrick 
Published: May 2009

Objective: To examine the role of parents’ coping strategies and social support in the family impact of cleft lip and palate (CLP) and levels of adjustment and psychological distress and to investigate whether a child's age, type of cleft, or other reported medical problems influenced such outcomes. Design: A cross-sectional study. Participants: One hundred three parents of children or young adults with CLP recruited from families attending a multidisciplinary cleft lip and palate clinic. Outcome measures: Family impact, psychological distress, and positive adjustment were assessed using validated psychological questionnaires. Results: Findings indicated that while there were many impacts of a child's CLP, negative outcomes (family impact, psychological distress) were not high. In contrast, parents reported high levels of positive adjustment or stress-related growth as a result of their child's condition. Participants also reported high levels of social support and relied more on the use of approach rather than avoidance-oriented coping strategies. Having more support from friends and family was associated with less negative family impact, lower psychological distress, and better adjustment. Greater use of approach coping was associated with more positive adjustment; whereas, avoidant coping was associated with a greater family impact and more psychological distress. Having a younger child and/or a child with medical problems in addition to CLP was associated with a greater impact on the family. Conclusions: How parents cope with their child's condition and the levels of support received may have implications for caregivers, the family unit, and the delivery of more family-oriented CLP services.
Impact of Third-Generation Drugs on the Activity of First-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analytical Approach
Authors: Grossi Francesco , Aita Marianna , Defferrari Carlotta , Rosetti Francesco , Brianti Annalisa , Fasola Gianpiero , Vinante Orazio , Pronzato Paolo , Pappagallo Giovanni 
Published: May 2009

Abstract

Background.
The therapeutic equivalence of different third-generation agents in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has long been accepted, although recent studies seem to suggest some superiority of gemcitabine- or docetaxel-containing regimens over other third-generation doublets.

Objective.
To assess the relative impact of different third-generation drugs on the activity of first-line chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer by considering both response and progressive disease (PD) rates as outcome measures.

Methods.
Published and unpublished data were collected from randomized trials comparing a gemcitabine-, docetaxel-, vinorelbine- or paclitaxel-containing regimen with one or more gemcitabine-, docetaxel-, vinorelbine- or paclitaxel-free combinations. For each study, 2 × 2 tables were constructed for both response and immediate progression. Pooled odds ratios were calculated using a general variance-based method.

Results
Forty-five trials (11,867 patients) were eligible. The odds of obtaining an objective response to treatment were similar across different regimens. Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy was associated with a 14% lower risk for immediate progression, whereas patients receiving paclitaxel showed a 22% higher risk for having PD as the best response. Docetaxel treatment provided a nonsignificant 9% lower odds for progression.

Conclusions.
These data demonstrate that different third-generation regimens have comparable activity in chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced NSCLC. Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy provides better disease control, whereas the risk for immediate progression is significantly higher when paclitaxel-containing regimens are used.
Solving the mystery of crinoid ancestry: new fossil evidence of arm origin and development
Authors: Guensburg Thomas E. , Sprinkle James 
Published: May 2009

Apektocrinus ubaghsinew genus and species is a monospecific taxon assigned to the new family Apektocrinidae based on additional preparation of a single previously studied specimen.Apektocrinusis among the oldest known crinoids (Early Tremadoc, Early Ordovician). Although expressing crinoid apomorphies, it is interpreted as retaining plesiomorphies in its arms reflecting early edrioasteroid rather than blastozoan (eocrinoid) ancestry. Apomorphies represent basal crinoid and cladid (crownward) levels of phylogeny.Restudy fortifies previous reports of the presence of a basal echinoderm plesiomorphy; floor plates above brachials in the arms ofApektocrinus, as well as in other approximately contemporary crinoids.Apektocrinusfurnishes the first record of podial basins in crinoid arms. Arms and calyx ofApektocrinusmerge gradually, facilitated by continuations of interbrachials (extraxial body plates) extending onto the arms and separating floor plates from brachials. These arm interbrachials, which diminish and pinch out distally as floor plates nestle into the brachial (adoral) groove, have not been recognized as such in crinoids.
Structure factors of binary liquid metal alloys within the square-well model
Authors: Dubinin Nikolay , Filippov Vladimir , Malkhanova Olga , Vatolin Nikolay 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The procedure suggested previously for the description of the square-well (SW) fluid within the framework of the mean spherical approximation is applied to calculate the structure factors of pure Na, pure K, and 0.5Na-0.5K alloy in liquid state. It is shown that our variations of the SW depth and SW width enable us to achieve a good agreement between calculated and experimental structure factors. The procedure under consideration gives more accurate results than the random phase approximation for the same values of the SW parameters.
Labyrinthine pathways towards supercycle attractors in unimodal maps
Authors: Moyano Luis , Silva D. , Robledo A. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
As an important preceding step for the demonstration of an uncharacteristic (q-deformed) statisticalmechanical structure in the dynamics of the Feigenbaum attractor we uncover previously unknown properties of the family of periodic superstable cycles in unimodal maps. Amongst the main novel properties are the following: i) The basins of attraction for the phases of the cycles develop fractal boundaries of increasing complexity as the period-doubling structure advances towards the transition to chaos. ii) The fractal boundaries, formed by the pre-images of the repellor, display hierarchical structures organized according to exponential clusterings that manifest in the dynamics as sensitivity to the final state and transient chaos. iii) There is a functional composition renormalization group (RG) fixed-point map associated with the family of supercycles. iv) This map is given in closed form by the same kind of q-exponential function found for both the pitchfork and tangent bifurcation attractors. v) There is final-stage ultra-fast dynamics towards the attractor, with a sensitivity to initial conditions which decreases as an exponential of an exponential of time. We discuss the relevance of these properties to the comprehension of the discrete scale-invariance features, and to the identification of the statistical-mechanical framework present at the period-doubling transition to chaos. This is the first of three studies (the other two are quoted in the text) which together lead to a definite conclusion about the applicability of q-statistics to the dynamics associated to the Feigenbaum attractor.
Training of Walking Skills Overground and on the Treadmill: Case Series on Individuals With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Musselman Kristin E. , Fouad Karim , Misiaszek John E. , Yang Jaynie F. 
Published: May 2009

Background and Purpose: Walking in the home and community is an important goal for individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). Walking in the community requires various skills, such as negotiating curbs, doors, and uneven terrain. This case report describes the use of a method to retrain walking overground that is intensive, variable, and relevant to daily walking (skill training). The aims of this case series were to determine the effectiveness of skill training in a small group of people with iSCI and to compare skill training with body-weight–supported treadmill training (BWSTT) in the same individuals.Case Description: Four individuals who were a median of 2.7 years (interquartile range [IQR]=12.8) after iSCI participated in alternating phases of intervention, each 3 months long. All patients started with BWSTT. Two patients subsequently engaged in skill training while the other 2 patients engaged in BWSTT, after which a third phase of intervention (opposite to the second) was repeated.Outcomes: The Modified Emory Functional Ambulation Profile, the 10-Meter Walk Test, the 6-Minute Walk Test, the Berg Balance Scale, and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale were administered before training, monthly throughout training, and 3 months after training.Discussion: Overall improvements in walking speed met or exceeded the minimal clinically important difference for individuals with iSCI (≥0.05 m/s), particularly during the skill training phase (skill training: median=0.09 m/s, IQR=0.13; BWSTT: median=0.01 m/s, IQR=0.07). Walking endurance, obstacle clearance, and stair climbing also improved with both types of intervention. Three of the 4 patients had retained their gains at follow-up (retention of walking speed: median=92%, IQR=63%). Thus, the findings suggest that skill training was effective in this small group of individuals.
Dural arteriovenous fistulas draining into the petrosal vein or bridging vein of the medulla: possible homologs of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Mitsuhashi Yutaka , Aurboonyawat Thaweesak , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Geibprasert Sasikhan , Toulgoat Frédérique , Ozanne Augustin , Lasjaunias Pierre 
Published: May 2009

Object
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) with leptomeningeal venous reflux generally pose a high risk of aggressive manifestations including hemorrhage. Among DAVFs, there is a peculiar type that demonstrates direct drainage into the bridging vein rather than the dural venous sinus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of DAVFs that drain directly into the petrosal vein or the bridging vein of the medulla oblongata.

Methods
Eleven consecutive cases of DAVFs that drained directly into the petrosal vein and 6 that drained directly into the bridging vein of the medulla were retrospectively reviewed. These cases were evaluated and/or treated at Hospital de Bicêtre in Paris, France, over a 27-year period. A review of previously reported cases was also performed.

Results
Both of these “extrasinusal”-type DAVFs demonstrated very similar characteristics. There was a significant male predominance (p < 0.001) for this lesion, and a significantly higher incidence of aggressive neurological manifestations including hemorrhage or venous hypertension than in DAVFs of the transverse-sigmoid or cavernous sinus (p < 0.001). This finding was considered to be attributable to leptomeningeal venous reflux. Regarding treatment, endovascular embolization (either transarterial or transvenous) is frequently difficult, and surgery may be an effective therapeutic choice in many instances.

Conclusions
Embryologically, both the petrosal vein and the bridging vein of the medulla are cranial homologs of the spinal cord emissary bridging veins that drain the pial venous network. The authors believe that DAVFs in these locations may be included in a single category with spinal DAVFs because of their similar clinical characteristics.