bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update: Thrombozytopathie/Thrombocytopathy: an update
Authors: Drogies Tim , Braunert Leanthe , Thiery Joachim , Brügel Mathias 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
Der Begriff Thrombozytopathie bezeichnet angeborene oder erworbene funktionelle Störungen der Thrombozytenfunktion. Aufgrund der Vielzahl von möglichen pathophysiologischen Ursachen, basierend auf der Komplexität thrombozytärer Funktionsabläufe und Stoffwechselprozesse, zeigen Thrombozytopathien eine außerordentlich hohe klinische Variabilität. Eine Abbildung der Pathophysiologie ist mit den verfügbaren labordiagnostischen Verfahren nur sehr eingeschränkt möglich, da sich für verschiedene Thrombozytopathien sehr variable Sensitivitäten und Spezifitäten ergeben. Nicht zuletzt wird die Interpretation durch die hohe intraund interindividuelle Variabilität der Thrombozytenfunktion erschwert. In der Routine-Abklärung von Thrombozytopathien stehen eine detaillierte Anamnese und klinische Untersuchung in Kombination mit aggregometrischen Basisverfahren weiterhin im Vordergrund.
Embodied semantic processing: The body-object interaction effect in a non-manual task
Authors: Wellsby Michele , Siakaluk Paul D. , Owen William J. , Pexman Penny M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBody-object interaction (BOI) measures people's perceptions of the ease with which a human body can physically interact with a word's referent. Facilitatory BOI effects, involving faster responses for high BOI words, have been reported in a number of visual word recognition tasks using button press responses. Since BOI effects have only been observed in button-press tasks, it is possible that the effects may be due to priming by high BOI words of the motor system, rather than activation of stored motor information in the lexical semantic system. If this hypothesis is correct, BOI effects should not be observed in tasks using verbal responses. We tested this hypothesis in three versions of a go/no-go semantic categorization task: one version required button press responses, whereas the other two versions required verbal responses. Contrary to the motor priming hypothesis, we observed facilitatory BOI effects in all three versions of the semantic categorization task. These results support the inference that stored motor information is indeed an important component of the lexical semantic system.
Low carbon diet: Reducing the complexities of climate change to human scale
Authors: Nerlich Brigitte , Evans Vyvyan , Koteyko Nelya 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFor many years, cognitive linguists, such as Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner, have studied meaning construction through language based on intricate mental mapping operations. Their research suggests that conceptual metaphor and conceptual blending permit human beings to reduce very complex issues to human scale. Climate change is such a complex issue. We ask: How is it linguistically reduced to human scale and, in the process, made amenable to thinking and acting? To address these questions, we have analysed the emergence of lexical compounds around a recent key word in debates about climate change in the English speaking world, namely ‘carbon’. One such compound and metaphor/blend is ‘low carbon diet’. In this article we study how the use of the compound ‘low carbon diet’ in an advertising campaign, a book, and by a catering company in the United States permitted US newspapers to reduce climate change to human scale. We have combined and compared metaphor and blending analysis with media and discourse analysis to shed light on the linguistic framing of a real-world problem, that is, we engaged in applied blending analysis.
Property generation reflects word association and situated simulation
Authors: Santos Ava , Chaigneau Sergio E. , Simmons W. Kyle , Barsalou Lawrence W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe property generation task (i.e. “feature listing”) is often assumed to measure concepts. Typically, researchers assume implicitly that the underlying representation of a concept consists of amodal propositions, and that verbal responses during property generation reveal their conceptual content. The experiments reported here suggest instead that verbal responses during property generation reflect two alternative sources of information: the linguistic form system and the situated simulation system. In two experiments, properties bearing a linguistic relation to the word for a concept were produced earlier than properties not bearing a linguistic relation, suggesting the early properties tend to originate in a word association process. Conversely, properties produced later tended to describe objects and situations, suggesting that late properties tend to originate from describing situated simulations. A companion neuroimaging experiment reported elsewhere confirms that early properties originate in language areas, whereas later properties originate in situated simulation areas. Together, these results, along with other results in the literature, indicate that property generation is a relatively complex process, drawing on at least two systems somewhat asynchronously.
Model for the hydrodynamic dispersion of agglomerates incorporating thermoresponsive additives
Authors: Bava Luciana , Feke Donald L. , Manas-Zloczower Ica , Rowan Stuart J. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A phenomenological model for the hydrodynamic dispersion of silica agglomerates modified with a thermoresponsive hydrogel (poly-N-isopropylacrylamide, PNIPAM) is presented. The model well describes experimental observations of the dependence of the dispersion behavior on the presence of additives (water and PNIPAM hydrogels) and applied hydrodynamic stress. Most importantly, the thermosensitivity of the dispersion process is captured by characterizing the agglomerate structure and cohesive force at two different temperatures (above and below the hydrogel transition temperature). The transition in dispersion mechanism between rupture-like and erosion-like regimes with system temperature can also be accommodated within the model.
Kontextsensitive Recommender Systeme in mobilen Anwendungsbereichen
Authors: Wörndl Wolfgang , Bader Roland , Schlichter Johann 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag diskutieren wir Prinzipien zur Integration von Kontext in Recommender Systemen und weitere Herausforderungen von Mobilität in diesem Feld. Dann stellen wir deren Anwendung auf einige mobile Anwendungsbereiche vor: Eine Integration von kollaborativem Filtern in einem mobilen Stadtführer, eine Empfehlung von Anwendungen für mobile Geräte sowie die proaktive Empfehlung von Tankstellen im Auto.
Bausteine des personalisierten Video Publishing
Authors: Berger Arne , Eibl Maximilian , Knauf Robert , Kürsten Jens , Kurze Albrecht , Ritter Marc 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung
Die zunehmende Menge an Quellen audiovisueller Medien vor allem jenseits des klassischen TV erfordert schon allein aus Quantitätsgründen eine auf die Interessen der Zuschauer adaptierbare Präsentationsform. Hinzu kommen Kriterien wie Zeit- und Ortsunabhängigkeit sowie natürlich inhaltliche Gesichtspunkte. Bedenkt man ein Gesamtsystem zur personalisierten Veröffentlichung audiovisueller Medien, so muss es aus verschiedenen technologischen Bausteinen bestehen, die innerhalb der Informatik meist in unterschiedlichen fachlichen Bereichen beheimatet sind. Es werden zwei solcher Bausteine vorgestellt: Die semi-automatische Annotation sowie Produktion und Playout unterschiedlicher Medienströme.
An Examination of Mass Transport Paths in Conventional and Highly Textured Al-Cu Interconnect Lines
Authors: Gleixner R. J. , Kanekot H. , Matsuo M. , Toyoda H. , Nix W. D. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe electromigration lifetime of aluminum interconnect lines shows a strong dependence on the quality of the texture in the metal. This observation has been explained in terms of a decreased diffusivity along the grain boundaries, generally the dominant path for diffusion and void growth. As the texture in the metal is strengthened, atomic order along the grain boundaries is increased, and diffusion is suppressed.In this paper, we examine passivated Al-0.5wt%Cu interconnect lines having either Ta Al underlayers or conventional Ti/TiN underlayers. Rocking curve measurements confirm that Al deposited on TaAl has a very strong (111) texture (FWHM ∼ 0.6°) compared to Al on Ti/TiN (FWHM ∼ 6°). Interconnect lines of both types were electrically stressed at 225°C and 250°C for 20 hours at a current density of 3 MA/cm2. The lines were then stripped of passivation, and the void numbers, sizes, and morphologies were determined.Analysis of the void data gave a surprising result: the void volume in the highly-textured Al was greater than in the conventional Al. However, voids in the conventional Al were observed to follow grain boundaries across the width and sever the line, while such destructive void growth was not observed in the highly-textured Al. Instead, voids grew either with a faceted shape or along the line edge, never extending across the line width. Modeling electromigration in the surrounding microstructures shows that void locations in the highly-textured lines are often independent of the surrounding grain boundaries. In this case, the line sidewalls appear to be significant mass transport paths. Since these paths do not cross the line width, voids growth across the line is difficult. This resistance to fatal damage makes highly textured aluminum a promising interconnect material.
Fermentability and Nutritive Value of Corn and Forage Sorghum Silage When in Mixture with Lablab Bean
Authors: Contreras‐Govea Francisco , Marsalis Mark , Angadi Sangamesh , Smith Gerald , Lauriault L. M. , VanLeeuwen Dawn 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIntercropping legumes with nonlegume crops has shown benefits in improving dry matter (DM) yield, but additional information is needed when crop mixtures are ensiled. This study assessed the fermentation characteristics of forage corn silage (Zea mays L.) (CS) and forage sorghum silage [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (FS) when mixed with different proportions of lablab bean [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] (LB). Corn, FS, and LB were grown in separate fields at two locations in 2009. At each location, crops were cut and chopped separately and taken to the laboratory for ensiling. Six mixtures were handmade on a percentage fresh weight basis for each CS–LB and FS–LB combination, including (i) 100:0, (ii) 90:10, (iii) 75:25, (iv) 50:50, (v) 25:75, and (vi) 0:100. For each mixture, a 1‐L glass jar (mini‐silo) was filled with 500 g of fresh material, with four jars per treatment. Forage in mini‐silos was fermented for 60 d at room temperature (25°C). Analysis was conducted for nutritive value and fermentation characteristics. The greatest impact of mixing LB with CS or FS was on crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations, with no significant impact on neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Averaging across CS and FS, CP concentration increased from 87 to 173 g kg−1 and ADF concentration from 253 to 306 g kg−1 as LB increased from 0 to 75% in the mixture. Increasing LB in the mixture also increased other constituents, such as pH and lactic and acetic acid concentrations. Adding LB to CS or FS for silage can have a positive effect on the final nutritive value, but additional research is needed to assess the impact in cattle.
Diversity and Population Structure in a Geographic Sample of Tomato Accessions
Authors: Labate Joanne A. , Sheffer Susan M. , Balch Teri , Robertson Larry D. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTDomesticated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) dispersed out of Latin America nearly 500 yr ago, but little is known about its global patterns of genetic diversity. To gain insight into these patterns we assembled a panel of 30 accessions that sampled five major geographic regions. All accessions were evaluated for highly heritable horticultural traits and nutritional content. Lycopene (mean = 10.41 ug g−1), total soluble solids (mean Brix = 6.03%), and vitamin C (mean = 50.77 ug ml−1) varied two‐ to three‐fold among accessions. Lycopene was somewhat low while Brix was typical of tomato varieties. Amplicons from 49 genes (22.9 kbp in total) were sequenced in two plants per accession. Nucleotide diversity (π = 0.00112) was slightly lower than a panel of landraces but higher than a set of fresh‐market and processing varieties. South America was the only region with a significantly higher mean π relative to the other geographic regions. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of gene frequencies showed that large fractions of the total variation were partitioned into accessions within regions (36%) and individuals within accessions (61%). Therefore, targeted sampling of accessions and individual plants, irrespective of geographic source, is an optimal strategy to obtain diverse genotypes. Population structure analysis defined two clusters that were not associated with a priori groups. South American germplasm is promising as a source of new alleles but no geographic region should be viewed as a poor source of tomato genetic variation.
Wear Tolerance Mechanisms in Agrostis Species and Cultivars
Authors: Dowgiewicz J. , Ebdon J. S. , DaCosta M. , Dest W. D. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTCreeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) and velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina L.) are important turfgrass for golf putting greens. Investigations into wear tolerance mechanisms are limited in Agrostis The objective of this study was to evaluate anatomical, morphological, and physiological characteristics in Agrostis species and cultivars and relate these to wear tolerance. Seven A. stolonifera and seven A. canina cultivars were evaluated for response to wear. Wear was applied using a grooming brush over two spring and fall periods. Interspecific differences accounted for 98% of the variation in wear tolerance, with velvet bentgrass exhibiting better tolerance. Ten characteristics were measured on greenhouse‐grown spaced‐plants established from field plots. Characteristics included tiller density, tiller dry weight, tiller water content, leaf width, leaf strength, leaf angle, tiller angle, and cell wall constituents (total cell wall [TCW], hemicellulose, and lignocellulose). Depending on the year and season, multiple regression analysis showed TCW accounted for 62.8 to 79.9% of the total variation in wear tolerance followed by tiller density accounting for 53.6 to 66.9% and tiller angle accounting for 75.9% of the variation. SR‐7200 was lowest in wear tolerance among velvet bentgrass and exhibited lower cell wall components, lower tiller density, and a more decumbent tiller (and leaf) angle, which was consistent with the lower responses observed in A. stolonifera
Seasonal Fluctuation of Ergovaline and Total Ergot Alkaloid Concentrations in Tall Fescue Regrowth
Authors: Rogers Wendi M. , Roberts Craig A. , Andrae John G. , Davis David K. , Rottinghaus George E. , Hill Nicholas S. , Kallenbach Robert L. , Spiers Don E. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTCommon cultivars of tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort = Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] host a fungal endophyte that produces ergot alkaloids. These alkaloids are linked to fescue toxicosis, a serious livestock disorder in the United States. This study was conducted to determine how ergot alkaloid concentrations fluctuate throughout the growing season in tall fescue regrowth. In 2005, plots were established in pastures of endophyte‐infected tall fescue growing in Missouri, Georgia, and South Carolina. Each month of the growing season, plots were clipped and forage allowed to regrow; regrowth was sampled from April through October 2006 and analyzed for ergovaline and total ergot alkaloid concentrations. At all three sites, ergovaline concentration was lowest during the spring, increasing slightly through the summer months and then sharply in the early autumn. This pattern of ergovaline fluctuation did not mimic data published from experiments in which tall fescue was grazed or was allowed to grow without defoliation. Total ergot alkaloid concentration followed a bimodal curve, with highest concentration in the spring and fall and lowest concentration in the summer. We conclude that common cultivars of endophyte‐infected tall fescue should be regarded as highly toxic in the autumn and less toxic in the summer, even if pastures are clipped. We also conclude that the toxicity potential of tall fescue regrowth in the spring depends on which ergot alkaloids prove most responsible for fescue toxicosis.
Diurnal Variations of Nonstructural Carbohydrates and Nutritive Value in Alfalfa
Authors: Morin Chantale , Bélanger Gilles , Tremblay Gaëtan F. , Bertrand Annick , Castonguay Yves , Drapeau Raynald , Michaud Réal , Berthiaume Robert , Allard Guy 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIncreasing the nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration of forages improves N use efficiency by dairy cows. We studied the diurnal variations of NSC concentration and other nutritive value attributes in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to determine the best time during the day to cut alfalfa for maximizing NSC concentration. Field‐grown alfalfa was cut every 2 h between 0600 and 2000 h on six different days around the early flower stage of development during spring growth and summer regrowth at two sites in eastern Canada. Concentrations of NSC [soluble carbohydrates (SC) plus starch], neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and N, along with in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of dry matter (DM) and in vitro digestibility of NDF were determined. The NSC concentration increased during the day in all growth cycles and sites due mostly to an increase in starch concentration. The diurnal increase of NSC concentration, however, varied with growth cycles and sites from 15.5 to 41.9 g kg−1 DM, and it was accompanied by a decrease of 1 to 2 g kg−1 DM in N concentration. At the site where the increase in alfalfa NSC concentration was greater than 30 g kg−1 DM, concentrations of ADF and NDF also decreased by 9 to 27 g kg−1 DM while IVTD increased by 3 to 16 g kg−1 DM. Greatest NSC concentrations were reached between 11 and 13 h after sunrise and the best time during the day to cut alfalfa for maximizing NSC concentration in eastern Canada is between 1600 and 1800 h.
Genetic Diversity in White‐ and Orange‐Fleshed Sweetpotato Farmer Varieties from East Africa Evaluated by Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Authors: Tumwegamire S. , Rubaihayo P. R. , LaBonte D.R. , Diaz F. , Kapinga R. , Mwanga R. O. M. , Grüneberg W. J. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTSweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] farmer varieties are still the backbone of production and breeding programs in Sub‐Sahara Africa. Usually, farmer varieties in Sub‐Sahara Africa are white‐ or cream‐fleshed sweetpotato (WFSP), but recently orange‐fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) were found in East Africa. The objective of the study was to characterize WFSP and OFSP germplasm from East Africa. Eighty‐five East African farmer varieties (29 OFSPs and 56 WFSPs) and seven varieties of non‐African origin as check clones were analyzed for diversity using 26 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 158 alleles were scored with an average of 6.1 alleles per SSR loci. The mean of Jaccard's similarity coefficients was 0.54. The unweighted pair group method analysis (UPGMA) revealed a main cluster for East Africa germplasm at a similarity coefficient of 0.52. At a similarity coefficient of about 0.55 subclusters within the East African germplasm were observed, but these were neither country nor flesh color specific. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) found a significant difference between East African and non‐African germplasm and a nonsignificant difference between OFSP and WFSP germplasm. In conclusion, the East African germplasm appears to be distinct from non‐African germplasm, and OFSP and WFSP farmer varieties from East Africa are closely related. Orange‐fleshed sweetpotato farmer varieties from East Africa might show similar adaptation to Sub‐Sahara African environments as WFSP and a big potential in alleviating vitamin A deficiency.
Freezing Tolerance and Carbohydrate Changes of Two Agrostis Species during Cold Acclimation
Authors: Espevig Tatsiana , DaCosta Michelle , Hoffman Lindsey , Aamlid Trygve S. , Tronsmo Anne Marte , Clarke Bruce B. , Huang Bingru 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTField trials at two locations in Norway previously demonstrated differences in winter survival between two Agrostis species used for turf, velvet bentgrass (VB; A. canina L.) and creeping bentgrass (CB; A. stolonifera L.). The objectives of this study were to compare freezing tolerance and crown carbohydrate composition of VB and CB. We also compared a direct and two indirect methods of measurements of freezing tolerance. Treatments consisted of: (i) nonacclimated (NA); (ii) acclimation at 2°C for 2 wk (A2); (iii) acclimation at 2°C for 4 wk (A4); and (iv) acclimation at 2°C for 4 wk plus subzero acclimation at −2°C for 2 wk (A4+SZA2). Crowns were harvested for determination of carbohydrates and freezing tolerance. Freezing tolerance (lethal temperature for 50% of the test population [LT50]) was based on whole plant survival (WPS), 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction, and electrolyte leakage (EL). There was no significant difference in freezing tolerance between VB and CB. The LT50 based on WPS was significantly lower for plants exposed to A2 (−12.7°C), A4 (−14.5°C), and A4+SZA2 (−14.6°C) compared to the NA control treatment (−8.4°C). The concentrations of fructans and sucrose were significantly higher in A2 compared to NA plants of both species, but only fructans continued to increase at A4. The LT50 based on TTC reduction showed better correlation with LT50 based on WPS compared to LT50 values based on EL.
Stacking Resistance Alleles from Wild and Domestic Soybean Sources Improves Soybean Cyst Nematode Resistance
Authors: Kim Myungsik , Hyten David L. , Niblack Terry L. , Diers Brian W. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is the most economically important soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] pathogen in the United States. Field SCN populations are adapting to the narrowly based SCN resistance currently deployed in soybean cultivars. The objective of our research was to measure the effects of combinations of SCN resistance genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) from the wild soybean (Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc.) PI 468916 and the domesticated soybean accessions PI 88788 and PI 437654. Two populations were developed to test the combinations of QTL and genes. Both populations segregated for the G. soja resistance QTL cqSCN‐006 and cqSCN‐007. Population 1 also segregated for resistance from PI 88788 and Population 2 segregated for resistance from PI 437654. The populations were tested for resistance to three SCN isolates in a greenhouse and with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In both populations, the two G. soja resistance alleles significantly increased SCN resistance compared with the alternative alleles. The SCN resistance alleles rhg1 and Rhg4 from PI 437654 and rhg1‐b from PI 88788 also significantly increased resistance compared with the alternative alleles. The two G. soja QTL alleles significantly enhanced the resistance derived from PI 88788. These results show that SCN resistance can be increased through stacking genes and QTL from multiple resistance sources.