bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Justice through consensus: Shared identity and the preference for a restorative notion of justice
Authors: Wenzel Michael , Okimoto Tyler G. , Feather Norman T. , Platow Michael J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe propose a concept of restorative justice as a sense of justice deriving from consensus about, and the reaffirmation of, values violated by an offence (in contrast to punishment‐based retributive justice). Victims should be more likely to seek restorative justice (and less likely retributive justice) when they perceive to share a relevant identity with the offender. In Study 1, when the relevant identity (university affiliation) shared with the offender was made salient (vs. not), participants found a consensus‐based response more justice‐restoring. In Study 2, when the group (company) shared with the offender was cohesive (vs. not), participants more strongly endorsed a restorative justice philosophy and, mediated by this, responded in consensus‐restoring ways. In Study 3, when the offender was an ingroup (vs. outgroup) member, participants more strongly endorsed a restorative justice philosophy, fully mediated by sadness emotions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integration of on‐line protein digestion by trypsin in CZE by means of electrophoretically mediated microanalysis
Authors: Zeisbergerová Marta , Adámková Andrea , Glatz Zdeněk 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this work, electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) was applied to the in‐capillary tryptic digestion of proteins for proteomic purposes. Compared with classical in‐solution tryptic digestion or the trypsin reactor commonly used for this purpose, the EMMA‐based method is rapid, can be automated and requires only a small amount of trypsin preparation. Moreover, the protein digestion and the analysis of the resulting peptides are integrated into one procedure. A combination of the EMMA methodology with a partial filling technique was used in this study, since the pH optimum of the trypsin reaction differs strongly from the best pH for the CZE separation of peptides. In this set‐up, a part of the capillary is filled with the best buffer for the tryptic digestion (50 mM Tris‐HCl buffer, pH 8.5) whereas the rest of the capillary is filled with the BGE optimal for peptide separation (0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 2.5). As the proteins differ in their isoelectric points, a sandwich type of injection was used. The analysed protein is thus injected between two trypsin zones, which ensures their mixing and digestion. The analysis of one protein comprising both the digestion and the peptide separation is then completed in 1 h using a commercial instrument for CE with no modifications.
Measuring the quality of life through Markov reward processes: Analysis and inference
Authors: D'Amico Guglielmo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the time evolution of the quality of life of a person is studied using Markov chains. A new index measuring the quality of life is proposed. It is based on Markov reward processes which turn out to be a useful tool in the modelling of the accumulated quality of life. Later on, a nonparametric estimator of the index is presented. Its asymptotic properties are established and as a consequence of the asymptotic normality the confidence sets are obtained. A numerical example illustrates the results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of trends in high urban ozone levels using the quantiles of (GEV)
Authors: Reyes Hortensia J. , Vaquera Humberto , Villaseñor José A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper we propose a statistical methodology to analyze the trends of very high values of tropospheric ozone. The methodology is based on the estimation of percentiles of the distribution of extreme values. The asymptotic distribution of the estimated percentiles is obtained with a normal result. This allows us to use a linear regression to investigate linear and non‐linear trends. To illustrate the proposed methodology we use the information on ozone levels from some monitoring stations in Mexico City during the period from 1986 to 2005. The analysis of the information indicates a decrease in the very high ozone levels in the later years. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the SWEEP model during high winds on the Columbia Plateau
Authors: Feng G. , Sharratt B. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA standalone version of the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) erosion submodel, the Single‐event Wind Erosion Evaluation Program (SWEEP), was released in 2007. A limited number of studies exist that have evaluated SWEEP in simulating soil loss subject to different tillage systems under high winds. The objective of this study was to test SWEEP under contrasting tillage systems employed during the summer fallow phase of a winter wheat–summer fallow rotation within eastern Washington. Soil and PM10 (particulate matter ≤10 µm in diameter) loss and soil and crop residue characteristics were measured in adjacent fields managed using conventional and undercutter tillage during summer fallow in 2005 and 2006. While differences in soil surface conditions resulted in measured differences in soil and PM10 loss between the tillage treatments, SWEEP failed to simulate any difference in soil or PM10 loss between conventional and undercutter tillage. In fact, the model simulated zero erosion for all high wind events observed over the two years. The reason for the lack of simulated erosion is complex owing to the number of parameters and interaction of these parameters on erosion processes. A possible reason might be overestimation of the threshold friction velocity in SWEEP since friction velocity must exceed the threshold to initiate erosion. Although many input parameters are involved in the estimation of threshold velocity, internal empirical coefficients and equations may affect the simulation. Calibration methods might be useful in adjusting the internal coefficients and empirical equations. Additionally, the lack of uncertainty analysis is an important gap in providing reliable output from this model. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing regional geodiversity: the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Benito‐Calvo A. , Pérez‐González A. , Magri O. , Meza P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGeodiversity is a landscape characteristic related to the heterogeneity of the physical properties of the earth surface. In this work, we quantify and compare geodiversity in several geodynamic zones of the Iberian Peninsula. For this purpose, we have developed a geographic information system (GIS) procedure to carry out a regional terrain classification based on geodiversity factors. A classification process helped to produce a morphometric map (10 classes), a morphoclimatic map (five classes) and a geological map (15 classes). These three maps were combined using an overlay operation (union) to obtain the final terrain classification (419 classes), which was then applied to calculate diversity landscape indices. The latter were calculated using common landscape diversity indices (Patch Richness Density, Shannon's Diversity Index, Shannon's Evenness Index, Simpson's Diversity Index and Simpson's Evenness Index), provided by FRAGSTATS free software. These indices were calculated for the whole landscape of the main Iberian geological regions, thus revealing a close relationship between some index values and the geological and geomorphological characteristics. The highest diversity values are associated with Alpine collisional orogens and reactivated chains of the Precambrian‐Palaeozoic massif. Intraplate orogen with sedimentary cover, characterized by extensive planation surfaces, have lower values. Mesozoic areas with no significant tectonic deformation and Cenozoic basins are characterized by the lowest diversity values. Amongst the latter, the major diversity is associated with the most dissected basins, which also present higher morphoclimatic variety. Though depending on the chosen scale and the landscape classification criteria, these indices provide an objective assessment of the regional geodiversity of Iberia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical capture of wing tip vortex improved by mesh adaptation
Authors: Joubarne E. , Guibault F. , Braun O. , Avellan F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a mesh adaptation procedure linked to a finite volume solver, the goal of which is to increase the precision of the numerical simulation of a wing tip vortex flow. The adaptation scheme is applied to hexahedron meshes and hybrid meshes made up of tetrahedrons and prisms. To evaluate the ability of each type of element to capture the physics of a tip vortex, a specific test case is studied and results obtained numerically from this test case are compared with experimental results. The error estimator of the adaptation scheme is derived from a solution scalar variable. It is shown that the element anisotropy as well as the adaptation algorithms used have an impact on the precision of the solution. Adaptation of hexahedrons allows a better capture of the tip vortex far from the vortex root, even though the adaptation of those hexahedrons barely changes the number of nodes used to achieve a specified precision, contrary to the adaptation of hybrid meshes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near‐wall profiles of mean flow and turbulence quantities predicted by eddy‐viscosity turbulence models
Authors: Eça L. , Hoekstra M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper presents for the simple flow over a flat plate the near‐wall profiles of mean flow and turbulence quantities determined with seven eddy‐viscosity turbulence models: the one‐equation turbulence models of Menter and Spalart & Allmaras; the k‐ω two‐equation model proposed by Wilcox and its TNT, BSL and SST variants and the \documentclass{article}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$k-\sqrt{k}L$\end{document} two‐equation model. The results are obtained at several Reynolds numbers ranging from 107 to 2.5 × 109. Sets of nine geometrically similar Cartesian grids are adopted to demonstrate that the numerical uncertainty of the finest grid predictions is negligible.The profiles obtained numerically have relevance for the application of so‐called ‘wall function’ boundary conditions. Such wall functions refer to assumptions about the flow in the viscous sublayer and the ‘log law’ region. It turns out that these assumptions are not always satisfied by our results, which are obtained by computing the flow with full near‐wall resolution. In particular, the solution in the ‘log‐law’ region is dependent on the turbulence model and on the Reynolds number, which is a disconcerting result for those who apply wall functions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
„Mach's noch einmal, Nick!”︁
Authors: Unterstell Rembert 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMarine Science Center: Auf Europas größter Forschungsstation für Robben erkunden Zoologen die hoch entwickelten Sinneswelten von Seehunden – oft sogar vor den Augen begeisterter Zuschauer / Ein Ortstermin in Warnemünde
Nocturnal sleep duration and cognitive impairment in a population‐based study of older adults
Authors: Loerbroks Adrian , Debling Desiree , Amelang Manfred , Stürmer Til 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association between nocturnal sleep duration, changes in nocturnal sleep duration and cognitive impairment in older adults.Methods4010 participants of a population‐based cohort study provided information on nocturnal sleep duration at baseline (1991–1995) and at follow‐up (2002/2003). 792 follow‐up participants aged 70+ by 2006 participated in telephone‐based cognitive assessments. Several cognitive tests were used including the telephone interview for cognitive status (TICS). Cognitive impairment was defined as <31 points on the TICS (13.0%) and as below this percentile on the other tests. Based on individual tests, a verbal memory score and a total score were constructed. Multivariable prevalence ratios (PRs) of cognitive impairment and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were computed using Poisson regression. Analyses were restricted to those free of depression in 2002/2003 (n = 695).ResultsSleeping ≤6 or 8 h per night (versus 7 h) were unrelated to cognitive impairment. Sleeping ≥9 h was positively, although imprecisely, associated with impairment of verbal memory (PR = 1.7, 95%CI = 1.0, 3.0), and less pronounced with the other cognitive measures. An increase in sleep duration from 7–8 h in 1992–1995 to ≥9 h 8.5 years later (versus sleeping 7–8 h at both time points) was associated with an increased prevalence of cognitive impairment according to the TICS (PR = 2.1, 95% = 1.0, 4.5) and the verbal memory score (PR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.0, 3.8).ConclusionsIncreases in sleep duration are associated with cognitive impairment. A biological explanation for this association is currently lacking. Increases in sleep duration could be a marker of cognitive deficits. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crossmodal influences in somatosensory cortex: Interaction of vision and touch
Authors: Dionne Jennifer K. , Meehan Sean K. , Legon Wynn , Staines W. Richard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPrevious research has shown that information from one sensory modality has the potential to influence activity in a different modality, and these crossmodal interactions can occur early in the cortical sensory processing stream within sensory‐specific cortex. In addition, it has been shown that when sensory information is relevant to the performance of a task, there is an upregulation of sensory cortex. This study sought to investigate the effects of simultaneous bimodal (visual and vibrotactile) stimulation on the modulation of primary somatosensory cortex (SI), in the context of a delayed sensory‐to‐motor task when both stimuli are task‐relevant. It was hypothesized that the requirement to combine visual and vibrotactile stimuli would be associated with an increase in SI activity compared to vibrotactile stimuli alone. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed on healthy subjects using a 3T scanner. During the scanning session, subjects performed a sensory‐guided motor task while receiving visual, vibrotactile, or both types of stimuli. An event‐related design was used to examine cortical activity related to the stimulus onset and the motor response. A region of interest (ROI) analysis was performed on right SI and revealed an increase in percent blood oxygenation level dependent signal change in the bimodal (visual + tactile) task compared to the unimodal tasks. Results of the whole‐brain analysis revealed a common fronto‐parietal network that was active across both the bimodal and unimodal task conditions, suggesting that these regions are sensitive to the attentional and motor‐planning aspects of the task rather than the unimodal or bimodal nature of the stimuli. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alcohol consumption and body weight
Authors: French Michael T. , Norton Edward C. , Fang Hai , Maclean Johanna Catherine 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe number of Americans who are overweight or obese has reached epidemic proportions. Elevated weight is associated with health problems and increased medical expenditures. This paper analyzes Waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions to investigate the role of alcohol consumption in weight gain. Alcohol is not only an addictive substance but also a high‐calorie beverage that can interfere with metabolic function and cognitive processes. Because men and women differ in the type and amount of alcohol they consume, in the biological effects they experience as a result of alcohol consumption, and in the consequences they face as a result of obesity, we expect our results to differ by gender. We use first‐difference models of body mass index (BMI) and alcohol consumption (frequency and intensity) to control for time‐invariant unobservable factors that may influence changes in both alcohol use and weight status. Increasing frequency and intensity of alcohol use is associated with statistically significant yet quantitatively small weight gain for men but not for women. Moreover, the first‐difference results are much smaller in magnitude and sometimes different in sign compared with the benchmark pooled cross‐sectional estimates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three synchronous HPV‐associated squamous cell carcinomas of Waldeyer's ring: Case report and comparison with Slaughter's model of field cancerization
Authors: McGovern Susan L. , Williams Michelle D. , Weber Randal S. , Sabichi Anita , Chambers Mark S. , Martin Jack W. , Chao K. S. Clifford 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground.Patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx have an 8% to 20% risk of a synchronous or metachronous second malignancy. The rate of synchronous lesions in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive oropharyngeal cancers is unknown.Methods.We report the case of a 46‐year‐old man with 3 simultaneous primary malignancies of Waldeyer's ring: HPV‐positive SCC of both tonsils and the nasopharynx, with bilateral neck metastases.Results.The patient received induction chemotherapy followed by definitive radiotherapy and remains free of disease at 18 months.Conclusion.Comparison with the Slaughter model of field cancerization suggests that HPV‐positive SCC of the head and neck may have a distinct mechanism for the development of multifocal disease. Therefore, the emerging population of young patients with head and neck SCC with HPV‐positive cancers presents a new opportunity for understanding the molecular origins of synchronous tumors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Planned neck dissection for patients with complete response to chemoradiotherapy: A concept approaching obsolescence
Authors: Ferlito Alfio , Corry June , Silver Carl E. , Shaha Ashok R. , Thomas Robbins K. , Rinaldo Alessandra 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe question of efficacy of “planned” neck dissection following complete response to chemoradiation of head and neck cancer is discussed. There is general agreement that preemptive neck dissection in patients who present initially with low volume (N1) neck disease is not necessary. However, routine performance of planned neck dissection for patients who present initially with high volume (≥N2) disease remains controversial. The authors reviewed a large number of studies reported in the recent literature and discuss how they affect this debate.Twenty‐four of the reviewed studies indicate a benefit in regional control obtained by “planned” neck dissection among patients who had bulky neck disease pretreatment. All these studies are retrospective, they do not assess treatment response prior to surgery, although they do show very good regional control rates. Twenty‐six studies demonstrate no benefit from “planned” neck dissection after complete clinical response. The reasons for these different conclusions include the development of more effective chemoradiation regimens which have improved the initial locoregional control rates of patients undergoing primary chemoradiation treatment, and improvements in diagnostic technology which have increased ability to detect low volume persistent tumor in the post treatment period. When neck dissection is necessary for persistent or recurrent disease, recent studies have shown that selective or superselective neck dissection may produce results therapeutically equivalent to those obtained with more extensive procedures, with less morbidity.There is now a large body of evidence, based on long‐term clinical outcomes, that patients who have achieved a complete clinical (including radiologic) response to chemoradiation have a low rate of isolated neck failure, and the continued use of planned neck dissection for these patients cannot be justified. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutations in adult and childhood acute myeloid leukaemia: towards definition of a new leukaemia entity
Authors: Rau Rachel , Brown Patrick 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNucleophosmin (NPM) is a ubiquitously expressed chaperone protein that shuttles rapidly between the nucleus and cytoplasm, but predominantly resides in the nucleolus. It plays key roles in ribosome biogenesis, centrosome duplication, genomic stability, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Somatic mutations in exon 12 of the NPM gene (NPM1) are the most frequent genetic abnormality in adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), found in approximately 35% of all cases and up to 60% of patients with normal karyotype (NK) AML. In children, NPM1 mutations are far less frequent, occurring in 8–10% of all AML cases, and in approximately 25% of those with a NK. NPM1 mutations lead to aberrant localization of the NPM protein into the cytoplasm, thus the designation, NPMc+ AML. NPMc+ AML is seen predominantly in patients with a NK and is essentially mutually exclusive of recurrent chromosomal translocations. Patients with NPM1 mutations are twice as likely as those who lack an NPM1 mutation to also have a FMS‐like tyrosine kinase (FLT3) internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation. NPMc+ AML is also characterized by a unique gene expression signature and microRNA signature. NPMc+ AML has important prognostic significance, as NPMc+ AML, in the absence of a coexisting FLT3‐ITD mutation, is associated with a favourable outcome. NPM1 mutations have also shown great stability during disease evolution, and therefore represent a possible marker for minimal residual disease detection. Given its distinctive biologic and clinical features and its clear clinical relevance, NPMc+ AML is included as a provisional entity in the 2008 WHO classifications. There is still much to be learned about this genetic alteration, including its exact role in leukaemogenesis, how it interacts with other mutations and why it confers a more favourable prognosis. Further, it represents a potential therapeutic target warranting research aimed at identifying novel small molecules with activity in NPMc+ AML. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flow‐retarding effects of vegetation and geotextiles on soil detachment during concentrated flow
Authors: Knapen A. , Smets T. , Poesen J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractRoughness elements at the soil surface (e.g. crop residues, rock fragments, vegetation, geotextiles) strongly reduce the erosivity of overland flow (both interrill and concentrated overland flow) and hence soil detachment rates. Common methods for shear stress partitioning that allow the calculation of effective flow shear stress in the presence of roughness elements originate from river hydraulics but seem invalid for overland flow. An alternative method to estimate the effective flow shear stress in the presence of a soil surface cover has been presented and tested for soil detachment by concentrated runoff on soil surfaces covered by crop residues by Knapen et al., (2008). In this method, the estimation of effective flow shear stress is based on the recalculation of the hydraulic radius for covered soil surfaces using flow hydraulics on uncovered surfaces. However, the applicability of this method for roughness elements different from crop residues and under field conditions needs to be tested to confirm its validity. Therefore, runoff data from three experimental studies (conducted on geotextile and grassed‐covered soil surfaces) are analysed in this study. The results show that effective flow shear stress, calculated using this method, is not only a good soil detachment predictor for soil surfaces covered with crop residues but also for the tested soil surfaces with a vegetation or geotextile cover. However, the geotextile experiments point to one of the shortcomings of the method. At high flow shear stress levels, vortex erosion due to flow turbulence is reported for the thickest geotextiles. These flow turbulences are not accounted for since the method is based on average flow characteristics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.