bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact Mixing Using Multiple Splitting, Stretching, and Recombining Flows
Authors: Neerincx Peter E. , Denteneer Roel P. J. , Peelen Sven , Meijer Han E. H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe working principle of static mixers is based on repeated stretching, cutting, and stacking operations. Two‐way splitting (cutting) elements are most commonly used. Multiple splitting elements increase the compactness of the mixer, but an issue is the pressure consumption. Here we first investigate how to improve existing two way splitting and recombining flows. We use the serpentine channel geometry which relevance is that it is easy to fabricate on the interface between two halves of a mold or device. Next a parallel multiple splitting method is developed which is compact and efficient in terms of pressure consumption and uniformity of the resulting layer distribution. The final design represents a fully parallel multiple mixer, circularly shaped, that uses fan shaped channels (for a uniform flow length distribution) to guide the flow to its splitting channels, where it is turned and recollected in a second fan shaped channel. Because of its twelve‐way parallel splitting design, the device produces 24 layers in one mixing element and 288 layers in the second element and so on. Prototypes are fabricated, tested on performance, and compared with some existing static mixers using mixing speed, volume, length, and pressure drop as criteria. The new mixer outperforms the other designs, with an exception of the volume used. magnified image
A Simple Method for the Reinforcement of UV‐Cured Coatings via Sol‐Gel Photopolymerization
Authors: Belon Cindy , Chemtob Abraham , Croutxé‐Barghorn Céline , Rigolet Séverinne , Le Houérou Vincent , Gauthier Christian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA difunctional methacrylate oligomer was mixed with a variable amount of a MAPTMS precursor in the presence of both a radical and a cationic photoinitiator. The simultaneous photolysis of both photosensitive molecules upon UV irradiation allowed the single‐step generation of a type‐II polymethacrylate/polysiloxane nanocomposite film. Methacrylate and methoxysilyl conversions during irradiation were efficiently monitored by FTIR spectroscopy. The inorganic structure of the resulting silica‐based hybrid films was characterized using 29Si solid‐state NMR. Finally, the reinforcement ability of the resulting hybrid films was also assessed by using a unique range of characterization techniques: DMA, scratch test, and nanoindentation. magnified image
The composition in multidimensional Triebel–Lizorkin spaces
Authors: Moussai Madani 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe will establish that the composition operator Tf:g → f○g takes the intersections of Triebel–Lizorkin spaces \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ F_{{p},{q}}^{s}({\mathbb R}^n) $\end{document} with a certain space of bounded and continuous functions to \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ F_{{p},{q}}^{s}({\mathbb R}^n) $\end{document}, under some conditions on the parameters n, s, p and q. Also, a similar partial result corresponding to the Besov spaces \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ B_{{p},{q}}^{s}({{\mathbb R}}^n) $\end{document} will be given. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Histological evaluation of microsurgical revascularized bone in the intraoral cavity: Does it remain alive?
Authors: Jacobsen Christine , Lübbers Heinz‐Theo , Obwegeser Joachim , Soltermann Alex , Grätz Klaus‐Wilhelm 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIntroduction:Microsurgical revascularized fibula graft is a standard for the reconstruction of mandible or maxilla after major resection. Usually, screwed implants are inserted as a second procedure for dental rehabilitation. A lot has been published about the advantages of vascularized bone grafts, but until now there is only little information about long‐term viability of inserted bone grafts.Material and Methods:In this study, previously inserted vascularized fibula bone grafts were examined histologically. Bone biopsies were taken during dental implant insertion procedure in average of 19 months after insertion of bone grafts from 10 patients.Results:All bone biopsies showed partially or totally necrotic bone, although clinical examination and postoperative monitoring of the revascularized bone remained unremarkable.Conclusion:The results of histological examination are surprising, due to the fact of previous insertion of a vascularized bone graft and pretended osseointegration of inserted dental implants with satisfying primary stability. Therefore, one would expect vital bone. For better understanding how much viability is really necessary for sufficient remodeling of inserted bone grafts for adequate functional load, further studies should be performed. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
ERETIC implemented in diffusion‐ordered NMR as a diffusion reference: a clarification
Authors: Van Lokeren Luk , Kerssebaum Rainer , Willem Rudolph , Denkova Pavletta 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAdditional information as to the objectives of our previous paper entitled ‘ERETIC implemented in diffusion‐ordered NMR as a diffusion reference’ (Magn. Reson. Chem. 2008, 46, S63) is provided. The need for an optimal instrumental stability for the method proposed to be reliably applicable in view of these objectives is emphasized and illustrated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H and 13C NMR spectral study of some 3‐aryl‐5r‐aryl‐6t‐carbethoxycyclohex‐2‐enones—a study of four‐bond 1H1H couplings
Authors: Yuvaraj C. , Pandiarajan K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNine 3‐aryl‐5r‐aryl‐6t‐carbethoxycyclohex‐2‐enones 2a–2i have been synthesized. For all these compounds, 1H and 13C NMR spectra have been recorded. For two compounds, 2D spectra have been recorded. The spectral data suggest that these compounds adopt sofa conformation in solution with H‐5, H‐6 and H‐4t occupying axial‐like positions and H‐4c occupying equatorial‐like positions. In 3‐phenyl‐5r‐(o‐chlorophenyl)‐6t‐carbethoxycylohex‐2‐enone (2b), the o‐chlorophenyl group is oriented such that the chlorine atom is in between H‐4c and H‐5. Allylic coupling of H‐2 is observed only with H‐4t. Evidence has been obtained for four‐bond coupling between 1,3‐diaxial and 1,3‐axial–equatorial protons. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of substitution sites in monosubstituted five‐membered aromatic heterocycles
Authors: Schraml Jan , Kubec Roman , Kučerová Petra 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSimilar magnitudes of proton–proton couplings across three, four, and five bonds and proton–carbon couplings across two and three bonds combined with difficult to predict substituent effects make the results of an indiscriminate use of routine (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, etc.) techniques for substitution site determination in C‐monosubstituted five‐membered heteroaromatics suspect. As demonstrated on two examples of natural products, the use of 1,1‐ADEQUATE leads to unambiguous substitution site determination lending thus further support to suggested inclusion of 1,1‐ADEQUATE data into computer‐assisted structure elucidation (CASE) protocols. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative intermolecular cross‐relaxation studies of human hemoglobin in red blood cells and bovine serum albumin in solution
Authors: Era Seiichi , Sogami Masaru , Uyesaka Nobuhiro , Kato Kazuo , Murakami Masataka , Matsushima Shigeru , Kinosada Yasutomi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIntermolecular cross‐relaxation rate (CR) spectra [1/TIS(HDO) or 1/TIS(H2O) vs f2(ppm) profiles] for bovine serum albumin [BSA; molecular weight (MW), 66 kDa] solution, partially hydrolyzed BSA gel (BSA*gel) and packed human red blood cells (RBCs) with normal or unstable hemoglobin (Hb; MW, 65 kDa) were studied using f2 irradiation ranging from – 100 to 100 ppm at γH2/2π of 250 Hz. The CR spectra for BSA*gel (pD 4.01, 0.10 M NaCl, 4.83 and 14.39%) exhibited different features in the off‐resonance region (below – 2.00 and above 12.0 ppm) relative to that for BSA solution (pD 7.14, 0.10 M NaCl, 14.39%), indicating the association of BSA* molecules in the gel state. The CR spectrum for packed RBCs was compared with those for BSA*gel and BSA solution (14.39%) by correcting for differences in protein concentration. The corrected CR spectrum for packed normal RBCs in the off‐resonance region was similar to that for BSA solution, indicating that the physical characteristics of Hb in normal RBCs may be in a solution‐like state. Our results on normal RBCs were approximately consistent with the previously reported thermodynamic and hydrodynamic findings that Hb in RBCs and/or in concentrated solution seems to be in a suspension of hard scaled particles. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Painting a picture of America's nonprofit foundations: a content analysis of public relations photographs distributed through online wire services
Authors: Waters Richard D. , Wang Weijia 
Published: January 2011

AbstractStudies have shown that nearly 75% of news coverage in print publications stem from public relations information subsidies, such as news releases, fact sheets, and position papers. Often, organizations send photographs along with these materials in hopes that the media will publish these pictures; thereby, increasing readership of the news story and maximizing the organization's exposure to key audiences. This study examines 339 randomly sampled photographs distributed by American nonprofit foundations through online news wire services from 2006 to 2009. The results indicate that the majority of photographs are staged rather than more intriguing live‐action photographs. The implications of these results are further discussed with formal suggestions for improving this element of media relations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State mortgage foreclosure policies and lender interventions: Impacts on borrower behavior in default
Authors: Collins J. Michael , Lam Ken , Herbert Christopher E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDue to the rise in foreclosure filings, policymakers are increasingly concerned with helping families in financial distress keep their homes. This paper tests the extent to which distressed mortgage borrowers benefit from three types of state foreclosure polices: (1) judicial foreclosure proceedings, (2) statutory rights of redemption, and (3) statewide foreclosure‐prevention initiatives. Based on an analysis of borrowers in default who reside in 22 cross‐state metropolitan statistical area pairs, state policies generally have weak effects. Both judicial foreclosure proceedings and foreclosure prevention initiatives are associated with modest increases in loan modification rates. Using a matching procedure, a lender's letter promoting mortgage default counseling was associated with increases in loan modifications, decreases in loan cures, and decreases in foreclosure starts. The effects of the letter were also stronger in states with judicial proceedings. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Multilevel analysis of the effects of antidiscrimination policies on earnings by sexual orientation
Authors: Klawitter Marieka 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study uses the 2000 U.S. Census data to assess the impact of antidiscrimination policies for sexual orientation on earnings for gays and lesbians. Using a multilevel model allows estimation of the effects of state and local policies on earnings and of variation in the effects of sexual orientation across local labor markets. The results suggest that gay men face an earnings penalty that varies significantly (though not sizably) across local areas, and that state antidiscrimination policies may decrease that penalty in private sector employment. There is, however, no evidence that lesbians in any sector average higher earnings or wages in areas with antidiscrimination policies. The strongest evidence of effects for antidiscrimination policies is for weeks of employment and for gay men who are in the private sector, white, and in the upper half of the earnings distribution. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
A review on flame retardant technology in China. Part II: flame retardant polymeric nanocomposites and coatings
Authors: Lu Hongdian , Song Lei , Hu Yuan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe progress of flame retarded polymer nanocomposites and coatings in China over the past decades are described in this review. Emphasis on flammability performance of polymer nanocomposites containing nanofillers, mainly layered inorganic compounds, nanofibers and nanoparticles, combined with conventional flame retardant additives are addressed based on the open literature. Polymeric coatings with improved flame retardancy prepared using a wide variety of additives and UV‐curing technology are also introduced. Derived from this research, the combination of multiple methods and technologies including catalyst and nanotechnology, is predicted to have a high probability to enhance char formation and improve the flame retardancy of polymeric materials. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactive modifications of some chain‐ and step‐growth polymers with phosphorus‐containing compounds: effects on flame retardance—a review
Authors: Joseph Paul , Tretsiakova‐Mcnally Svetlana 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article reviews the recent developments in the synthetic strategies to chemically modify several chain‐growth polymers that were primarily developed in our laboratories, with a view to improve their flame retardance. In addition, it also incorporates the corresponding methodologies for the step‐growth thermoplastics and thermoset materials. For chain‐growth polymers, this involves primarily copolymerization reactions, under radical initiation, of acrylic or styrenic monomers with phosphorus‐containing comonomers, or optionally, by post‐modification reactions on preformed olefinic polymeric substrates with appropriate phosphorus‐containing reagents. In the case of step‐growth polymers, generally, an appropriate phosphorus‐bearing moiety is employed, as one of the reactive components, during the step‐growth synthetic process. The relative predominance of vapor‐ and condensed‐phase mechanisms of flame retardance in the modified systems was evaluated through a combination of various analytical techniques. It was found that incorporation of phosphorus, through chemical modification reactions, on to the various thermoplastics resulted in substantial increases in the flame retardation. Furthermore, mechanistic aspects of flame retardation revealed both vapor‐phase and condensed‐phase elements depending on the chemical nature of the parent polymer in question and to a lesser extent on the chemical environment of the phosphorus‐bearing moiety. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety assessment of intensive induction therapy in childhood anaplastic large cell lymphoma: Report of the ALCL99 randomised trial
Authors: Wrobel Grazyna , Mauguen Audrey , Rosolen Angelo , Reiter Alfred , Williams Denise , Horibe Keizo , Brugières Laurence , Le Deley Marie‐Cécile ,   on behalf of European Inter‐Group for Childhood, Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma (EICNHL)
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundALCL99 protocol including six courses of chemotherapy derived from the NHL‐BFM protocol is widely used for the treatment of paediatric anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma. In the ALCL99 trial, patients were randomised to receive MTX 1 g/m2 in 24 hr with intrathecal injection (MTX1) versus MTX 3 g/m2 in 3 hr without intrathecal (MTX3); then to receive or not vinblastine (high‐risk patients). The present study provides information about the acute adverse reactions (ARs) during the six courses of the ALCL99 treatment, assesses risk factors for ARs and evaluates the risk of overweight related to treatment.MethodsData concerning ARs were assessed using CTCv2 and analysed overall and according to the type of course.ResultsBetween 1999 and 2005, 352 patients were recruited. Toxicity assessed after 2050 courses included grade 4 neutropaenia (70% of courses), grade 3–4 stomatitis (13%), grade 3–4 transaminase elevation (10%) and grade 3–4 infection (5%). Four patients (1%) died of toxicity. The toxicity profile differed between courses‐A (significantly more haematological toxicity) and courses‐B (significantly more stomatitis). The percentage of ARs was higher after the first course than after subsequent courses. Severe toxicity was more frequent after MTX1 than after MTX3 courses but did not differ between courses with or without vinblastine. Overall 20% of patients had a weight gain exceeding 20%.ConclusionsThe high rate of acute toxicity should be considered when using the ALCL99 protocol. Chemotherapy including MTX 3 g/m2 in 3 hr was less toxic than the same regimen with MTX 1 g/m2 in 24 hr. Adding vinblastine did not increase the risk of toxicity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:1071–1077. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcomes of informed consent among parents of children in cancer clinical trials
Authors: Truong Tony H. , Weeks Jane C. , Cook E. Francis , Joffe Steven 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials are central to pediatric oncology, yet the process and outcomes of informed consent are poorly understood. We evaluated correlates of understanding among parents of pediatric trial participants, and explored differences in the process and outcome of informed consent between parents and a comparison group of adult participants.ProcedureWe administered the Quality of Informed Consent (QuIC) to parents of children who were newly enrolled onto a cancer trial. We identified independent correlates of knowledge among parents, and compared parents' knowledge to that of a contemporaneous group of adult participants, using multiple linear regression models.ResultsParents (n = 47) were less likely than adult participants (n = 204) to report having enough time to learn about the trial (64% vs. 87%, P = 0.001) or sufficient opportunity for questions (79% vs. 93%, P = 0.01), and reported lower overall satisfaction with the consent process (71% vs. 90%, P = 0.002). The mean parental knowledge score was 73.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 69.5–77.8, theoretical maximum 100). Knowledge did not differ between parents and adult trial participants. In multivariate analysis, two predictors were significantly associated with higher parent knowledge scores: consent sought by the study's principal investigator (increment 13.6, CI 2.7–24.6) and physician‐reported poor prognosis (increment 13.8, 95% CI 5.4–22.1).ConclusionsAlthough we observed no differences in knowledge between parents of pediatric cancer trial participants and their adult counterparts, parents report more problems with the informed consent process for their trials. The increased prevalence of problems is likely due to clinical and contextual differences between pediatric and adult trials. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: PPL–1004. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the upper airway by the acoustic reflection method in children with mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: Leboulanger Nicolas , Louis Bruno , Vialle Raphaël , Heron Bénédicte , Fauroux Brigitte 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundUpper airway obstruction is common in children with mucopolysaccharidosis. The acoustic reflection method is a noninvasive technique that can analyze the caliber of the upper airways. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of the acoustic reflection method in children with mucopolysaccharidosis, and to compare the characteristics of the upper airways evaluated by the acoustic reflection method in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis to matched healthy counterparts.MethodsOpen, single center, prospective, study.ResultsAccurate acoustic reflection measurements could be obtained in 7 of 10 patients (mean age: 10.4 ± 3.9 years; mucopolysaccharidosis type II (n = 3); type IV (n = 2), type VI (n = 1), and fucosidosis (n = 1)). The mean minimum cross‐sectional area was lower in mucopolysaccharidosis patients (1.6 ± 0.3 cm2) as compared to 14 healthy counterparts (1.8 ± 0.3 cm2; P = 0.03). The mean resistance of the airways was significantly higher in the MPS group (7.9 ± 1.8 cmH2O l−1 sec) as compared to the controls (5.5 ± 1.2 cmH2O l−1 sec; P = 0.006).ConclusionThis study is the first to analyze the upper airways by the noninvasive acoustic reflection method in children with mucopolysaccharidosis. Due to a lack of cooperation, reliable measurements could only be obtained in 70% of a selected group of patients. Children with mucopolysaccharidosis have significant upper airway obstruction as assessed by the reduction of the minimal cross‐sectional area of the upper airways and the increase in airway resistance. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:587–594. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermal and acid denaturation of bovine lens α‐crystallin
Authors: Rasmussen Tue , van de Weert Marco , Jiskoot Wim , Kasimova Marina R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe chaperone‐like protein α‐crystallin is a ∼35 subunit hetero‐oligomer consisting of αA and αB subunits in a 3:1 molar ratio and has the function of maintaining eye lens transparency. We studied the thermal denaturation of α‐crystallin by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), circular dichroism (CD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) as a function of pH. Our results show that between pH 7 and 10 the protein undergoes a reversible thermal transition. However, the thermodynamic parameters obtained by DSC are inconsistent with the complete denaturation of an oligomeric protein of the size of α‐crystallin. Accordingly, the CD data suggest the presence of extensive residual secondary structure above the transition temperature. Within the pH range from 4 to 7 the increased aggregation propensity around the isoelectric point (pI ∼ 6) precludes observation of a thermal transition. As pH decreases below 4 the protein undergoes a substantial unfolding. The secondary structure content of the acid‐denatured state shows little sensitivity to heating. We propose that the thermal transition above pH 7 and the acid‐induced transition at ambient temperature result in predominant denaturation of the αB subunit. Although the extent of denaturation of the αA subunit cannot be estimated from the current data, the existence of a native‐like conformation is suggested by the preserved association of the subunits and the chaperone‐like activity. A key difference between the thermal and the acid denaturation is that the latter is accompanied by dissociation of αB subunits from the remaining αA‐oligomer, as supported by DLS studies. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.