bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal functional connectivity analysis of the amygdala in bipolar I disorder across mood states
Authors: Cerullo Michael A , Fleck David E , Eliassen James C , Smith Matt S , DelBello Melissa P , Adler Caleb M , Strakowski Stephen M 
Published: March 2012

Cerullo MA, Fleck DE, Eliassen JC, Smith MS, DelBello MP, Adler CM, Strakowski SM. A longitudinal functional connectivity analysis of the amygdala in bipolar I disorder across mood states. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 175–184. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Bipolar I disorder is characterized by affective symptoms varying between depression and mania. The specific neurophysiology responsible for depression in bipolar I disorder is unknown but previous neuroimaging studies suggest impairments in corticolimbic regions that are responsible for regulating emotion. The amygdala seems to play a central role in this network and is responsible for appraisal of emotional stimuli. To further understand the role of the amygdala in the generation of mood symptoms, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine a group of patients with bipolar I disorder longitudinally.Methods:  fMRI was used to study regional brain activation in 15 bipolar I disorder patients followed for up to one year. Patients received an fMRI scan during an initial manic episode and a subsequent depressive episode. During the scans, patients performed an attentional task that incorporated emotional pictures. Fifteen healthy comparison subjects were also scanned at baseline and then at four months. Whole‐brain functional connectivity analysis was performed using the left and right amygdala as seed regions.Results:  Significant changes in amygdala functional connectivity were found between the manic and depressed phases of illness. The right amygdala was significantly more positively correlated with the left inferior frontal gyrus during mania and with the right insula during depression. There were no significant differences in left amygdala correlations across mood states in the bipolar I disorder group.Conclusions:  In the transition from a manic/mixed episode to a depressive episode, subjects with bipolar I disorder showed unique changes in cortical–amygdala functional connectivity. Increased connectivity between the insula and right amygdala may generate excessive positive feedback, in that both of these regions are involved in the appraisal of emotional stimuli. Increased correlation between the right amygdala and the inferior frontal gyrus in mania is consistent with previous findings of decreased prefrontal modulation of limbic regions in mania. These differences in connectivity may represent neurofunctional markers of mood state as they occurred in the same individuals across manic and depressive episodes.
Accuracy of weight perception, life‐style behaviours and psychological distress among overweight and obese adolescents
Authors: Khambalia Amina , Hardy Louise L , Bauman Adrian 
Published: March 2012

Aim:  To compare overweight and obese adolescents with accurate and inaccurate self‐reported weight perception across a range of behaviours and measures of psychological well‐being.Methods:  This study uses a cross‐sectional survey of grade 7–12 high school students in New South Wales, Australia, conducted in 2008 (n= 7553). Overweight and obese students based on body mass index were classified as accurate perceivers (weight perception was ‘too fat’) or inaccurate perceivers (weight perception was ‘about right’).Results:  Nearly a third of adolescents had incongruity between self‐perceived body weight status and body mass index‐determined weight category. Compared with boys, girls were less likely to underestimate their body weight (odds ratio: 0.26; 95% confidence interval: 0.25, 0.27) and more likely to overestimate their body weight (odds ratio: 3.4; 95% confidence interval: 3.3, 3.5). Accurate body weight perception was higher in obese adolescents compared with overweight adolescents (69.5% vs. 44.0%). Compared with mis‐perceivers, accurate overweight and obese perceivers had significantly higher odds of trying to lose weight and being more physically active; however, they showed a combination of unhealthy and healthy behaviours (i.e. dietary patterns and sedentary activities). Accurate weight perception among overweight and obese adolescents was associated with increased odds of feeling sad or depressed in the past 6 months.Conclusions:  Further research on social, familial and psychological factors that predict or mediate healthy and unhealthy weight‐related behaviours among adolescents by accuracy of weight perception is needed. Accurate weight perception should be considered in counselling and behavioural interventions.
Overproduction of the multidrug efflux pump MexEF‐OprN does not impair Pseudomonas aeruginosa fitness in competition tests, but produces specific changes in bacterial regulatory networks
Authors: Olivares Jorge , Alvarez‐Ortega Carolina , Linares Juan F. , Rojo Fernando , Köhler Thilo , Martínez José Luis 
Published: March 2012

SummaryIt is generally assumed that acquisition of antibiotic resistance leads to non‐specific fitness costs. We have tested the alternative hypothesis that acquisition of antibiotic resistance may not always produce a general burden to the microorganisms, as measured in competition tests, but rather lead to specific changes in bacterial physiology. To this end we studied the effect of overproducing the multidrug efflux pump MexEF‐OprN on Pseudomonas aeruginosa due to a constitutive activation of MexT, the transcriptional activator of the mexEF‐oprN genes. We found that overexpression of MexEF‐OprN does not cause a significant decrease in P. aeruginosa fitness in classical competition tests, indicating the absence of a large metabolic burden and that any possible negative effects might be observed only under specific conditions. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that overexpression of MexEF‐OprN results in reduced expression of several quorum‐sensing regulated genes. We traced back this phenotype to a delay in PQS production due to extrusion of kynurenine, a PQS precursor, through the efflux pump. Type VI secretion was also impaired. A Caenorhabditis elegans model demonstrated that overproduction of MexEF‐OprN impairs virulence in P. aeruginosa. This effect was mainly due to the activity of the efflux pump, and not to MexT, despite the fact that the latter regulates Type III and Type VI secretion. Altogether, these data indicate that antibiotic resistance can produce modifications in the bacterial regulatory networks with relevant consequences for the bacterial behaviour in specific ecosystems, including the infected host.
Urethral pressure reflectometry; a novel technique for simultaneous recording of pressure and cross‐sectional area: a study of feasibility in the prostatic urethra
Authors: Aagaard Mikael , Klarskov Niels , Sønksen Jens , Bagi Per , Colstrup Hans , Lose Gunnar 
Published: March 2012

Study Type – Diagnostic (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?In the 1980s and 1990s, a method for direct measurement of pressure and cross‐sectional area in women and men was developed. It was successful in terms of obtaining meaningful results in several studies. But the technique, which was based on the field gradient principle, was never implemented in the clinical setting because of technical limitations. In 2005, urethral pressure reflectometry was introduced as a new technique in female urodynamics. The technique has been shown to be more reproducible than conventional urethral pressure profilometry, when measuring incontinence in women. In 2010 it was also introduced as a new measuring technique in the anal canal.This study, adds a new and interesting technique to the field of male urodynamics. For the first time, sound waves have been used to measure pressure and cross‐sectional area simultaneously, directly in the prostatic urethra. The results from this first trial with urethral pressure reflectometry are promising, in terms of obtaining meaningful physiological parameters. Our hope is that, future trials will help us to be able to identify specific areas of obstruction or rigidity in the prostatic urethra, making treatment more direct and side effects from surgery less severe. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the technique with regards to clinical usefulness in men with benign prostatic obstruction.OBJECTIVE
Urethral Pressure Reflectometry (UPR) was introduced in 2005, and it has since been used in the female urethra for simultaneous measurement of pressure (P) and cross‐sectional area (CA). It has shown to be more reproducible than conventional pressure measurement and reintroduced direct measurement of pressure and elastance in the urethra as important parameters when assessing incontinent women.
To test the feasibility of UPR in the prostatic urethra.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We tested the technique in ten male patients, median age 73 and range 51–91.
Measurements were performed in the supine position, with less than 50 ml of urine in the bladder.
The UPR valuables measured were opening and closing pressure, opening and closing elastance and hysteresis.
RESULTS
The PVC tube was easy to insert to the same degree as a normal KAD.
Opening pressure and opening elastance were measured on all patients.
The sphincter area was easily identified during measurements.
UPR provides results compatible with previous techniques.
A standardized method for measurements was developed.
CONCLUSION
UPR has been shown feasible in the prostatic urethra.
Further studies on healthy volunteers and patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) are needed, to determine if UPR has a future role in urodynamic diagnostics of male patients with BPO.
Parents, adolescents, children and the human papillomavirus vaccine: a review
Authors: Walhart T. 
Published: March 2012

WALHART T. (2012) Parents, adolescents, children, and the human papillomavirus vaccine: a review. International Nursing Review59, 305–311Background:  Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. It is also the most common STI in adolescents. This highlights a great clinical and public health concern that must be addressed. Parents are typically involved in the clinical decision‐making process of vaccine administration to children and adolescents. Therefore, understanding the acceptability of the HPV vaccination as a method to prevent STIs and certain cancers is critical.Purpose:  To present the three primary themes that emerged from the literature: parental attitudes, parental beliefs and parental barrier towards vaccinating children and adolescents with the HPV vaccine.Method:  A literature search using Scopus to determine parents' attitudes and beliefs towards vaccinating children and adolescents with the HPV vaccine. The initial search included the key search terms of ‘children’ and ‘HPV vaccine’. The publication year was limited from 2006 to present.Findings:  The three themes greatly influence parents' decisions to vaccinate their children.In the future, more attention needs to be paid to specific subgroups. Future research should include groups that are currently under‐represented: fathers, urban populations, low socio‐economic status and ethnic minorities.Conclusion:  Since nurses worldwide are often sought as healthcare resources by parents in the clinical decision‐making process, their understanding of the attitude, beliefs and barriers parents have towards the HPV vaccine is paramount.
Recognition bias and the physical attractiveness stereotype
Authors: ROHNER JEAN‐CHRISTOPHE , RASMUSSEN ANDERS 
Published: March 2012

Rohner, J.‐C. and Rasmussen, A. (2012). Recognition bias and the physical attractiveness stereotype.Scandinavian Journal of Psychology53, 239–246.Previous studies have found a recognition bias for information consistent with the physical attractiveness stereotype (PAS), in which participants believe that they remember that attractive individuals have positive qualities and that unattractive individuals have negative qualities, regardless of what information actually occurred. The purpose of this research was to examine whether recognition bias for PAS congruent information is replicable and invariant across a variety of conditions (i.e. generalizable). The effects of nine different moderator variables were examined in two experiments. With a few exceptions, the effect of PAS congruence on recognition bias was independent of the moderator variables. The results suggest that the tendency to believe that one remembers information consistent with the physical attractiveness stereotype is a robust phenomenon.
The Evolving Society: United We Stand
Authors: Isham Valerie 
Published: March 2012

SummaryIn recent years, the breadth of the Royal Statistical Society’s activities has increased very dramatically. Considerable time and energy have been devoted to ‘outreach’ to the lay public and the media, to decision makers in government and industry and to those involved in all levels in education. The Society is both a Professional Society, developing and expanding services to members, and a Learned Society nurturing the discipline. There is much more to do but it is appropriate now to reflect on current challenges, to consolidate the progress that has been made and to consider future strategies to support the discipline. Statistics is a discipline whose time has come—there is great strength in its diversity as long as statisticians are united.
Effect of gender and race on the week 48 findings in treatment‐naïve, HIV‐1‐infected patients enrolled in the randomized, phase III trials ECHO and THRIVE
Authors: Hodder S , Arasteh K , De Wet J , Gathe J , Gold J , Kumar P , Mohapi L , Short W , Crauwels H , Vanveggel S , Boven K 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesA week 48 efficacy and safety analysis with respect to gender and race was conducted using pooled data from the phase III, double‐blind, double‐dummy efficacy comparison in treatment‐naïve, HIV‐infected subjects of TMC278 and efavirenz (ECHO) and TMC278 against HIV, in a once‐daily regimen versus efavirenz (THRIVE) trials.MethodsTreatment‐naïve, HIV‐1‐infected adults were randomized to receive rilpivirine (RPV; TMC278) 25 mg once a day (qd), or efavirenz (EFV) 600 mg qd, plus tenofovir/emtricitabine (ECHO) or tenofovir/emtricitabine, zidovudine/lamivudine or abacavir/lamivudine (THRIVE).ResultsA total of 1368 participants (76% male and 61% White, of those with available race data) were randomized and treated. No gender‐related differences in response rate (percentage of patients with HIV‐1 viral load < 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL, using an intent‐to‐treat, time‐to‐loss‐of‐virological‐response algorithm) were observed (RPV: men, 85%; women, 83%; EFV: men, 82%; women, 83%). Response rates were lower in Black compared with Asian and White participants (RPV: 75% vs. 95% and 85%, respectively; EFV: 74% vs. 93% and 83%, respectively); this finding was mostly a result of higher discontinuation and virological failure rates in Black patients. Safety findings were generally similar across race and gender subgroups. However, nausea occurred more commonly in women than in men in both treatment groups. In men, diarrhoea was more frequent in the EFV group, and abnormal dreams/nightmares were more frequent in men in both the EFV and RPV groups.ConclusionsOverall response rates were high for both RPV and EFV. No gender differences were observed. However, response rates were lower among Black patients, regardless of treatment group. Gender appeared to influence the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events and abnormal dreams/nightmares for both treatments.
Comparison of resistance mutation patterns in historical plasma HIV RNA genotypes with those in current proviral HIV DNA genotypes among extensively treated patients with suppressed replication
Authors: Delaugerre C , Braun J , Charreau I , Delarue S , Nere ML , de Castro N , May T , Marchou B , Simon F , Molina JM , Aboulker JP ,   the ANRS 138‐EASIER study group
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesHeavily treatment‐experienced patients with good virological control could be at risk of virological failure on switching to a new regimen if pre‐existing drug resistance is not taken into account. We examined whether genotyping based on cellular HIV‐1 DNA during controlled viraemia identifies resistance mutations detected in plasma HIV‐1 RNA during treatment with previous antiretroviral regimens.Patients and methodsAll 169 patients enrolled in the Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA (ANRS) 138‐intEgrase inhibitor MK_0518 to Avoid Subcutaneous Injections of EnfuviRtide (EASIER) trial had already received three antiretroviral drug classes [nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and protease inhibitor (PI)] and had plasma HIV‐1 RNA < 400 copies/ml at baseline. The results of previous resistance genotyping of plasma HIV‐1 RNA in individual patients were compared with those of resistance genotyping of whole‐blood HIV‐1 DNA at randomization.ResultsA median of 4 plasma RNA genotypes were available for the 169 patients. The median numbers of resistance mutations in HIV‐1 RNA and DNA were, respectively, 5 and 4 for NRTIs, 2 and 1 for NNRTIs, and 10 and 8 for PIs. The difference was significant for all three drug classes (P = 0.001). Resistance to at least one antiretroviral drug was detected exclusively in HIV‐1 RNA or in DNA in 63% and 13% of patients for NRTI, 47% and 1% of patients for NNRTI, and 50% and 7% of patients for PI, respectively.ConclusionThis study shows that, among highly treatment‐experienced patients on effective highly active antiretroviral therapy, resistance genotyping of HIV‐1 DNA detects fewer resistance mutations than previous analyses of HIV‐1 RNA. These results have implications for patient management and for the design of switch studies.
Elevated alanine aminotransferase in antiretroviral‐naïve HIV‐infected African patients: magnitude and risk factors
Authors: Nagu TJ , Kanyangarara M , Hawkins C , Hertmark E , Chalamila G , Spiegelman D , Mugusi F , Fawzi W 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundAlanine aminotransferase (ALT) is commonly used to measure liver injury in resource‐limited settings. Elevations in ALT are predictive of increased mortality from liver disease and may influence the choice of first‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of the prevalence and predictors of elevated ALT (defined as > 40 IU/L) was conducted. ART‐naïve, HIV‐infected adults with a baseline ALT measurement who were enrolled in any of the 18 HIV Care and Treatment Clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania between November 2004 and December 2009 were included in the study. Median values were calculated and log‐binomial regression models were used to examine predictors of elevated ALT.ResultsDuring the study period, 41 891 adults had a baseline ALT measurement performed. The prevalence of ALT > 40, > 120 and > 200 IU/L was 13, 1 and 0.3%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, male sex, CD4 T lymphocyte count < 200 cells/μL and higher World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stages were associated with a significantly higher risk of ALT > 40 IU/L (all P < 0.01). Hypertryglyceridaemia, hyperglycaemia and hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection (positive for HBV surface antigen) were significantly associated with a higher risk of elevated ALT. Pregnancy, anaemia, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol > 130 mg/dL and current tuberculosis treatment were associated with a significantly reduced risk for elevated ALT.ConclusionsIn this HIV‐infected, ART‐naïve Tanzanian population, extreme elevations in ALT were infrequent but minor elevations were not uncommon. Antiretrovirals with potentially hepatotoxic side effects should be initiated with caution in male patients, and in patients with HBV coinfection, advanced immunosuppression and components of the metabolic syndrome.
Adalimumab therapy for psoriasis in real‐world practice: efficacy, safety and results in biologic‐naïve vs. non‐naïve patients
Authors: van Lümig P.P.M. , van de Kerkhof P.C.M. , Boezeman J.B.M. , Driessen R.J.B. , de Jong E.M.G.J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  Patients and the course of treatment in daily practice are different from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Objectives  Primary objective: to analyse the percentage of patients achieving PASI 75. Secondary objectives: PASI 50, PASI 90, PASI 100 responses, the percentage of patients experiencing at least one serious adverse event (SAE) and the response in biologic‐naïve vs. non‐naïve patients.Methods  Prospectively collected efficacy and safety data of a cohort of psoriasis patients treated with adalimumab in daily practice between May 2007 and July 2011 were analyzed. Efficacy was determined using an intention‐to‐treat analysis and an as treated analysis, in comparison with the course baseline PASI before the start of adalimumab and the original baseline PASI before the start of any biologic therapy.Results  Eighty‐five patients received adalimumab therapy with a mean treatment duration of 1.4 (range 0.02–3.1) years. Compared with the original baseline PASI, PASI 75 response rates at week 12 and 24 were 34% and 38% (ITT). PASI 75 responses were well maintained until week 132.Only the PASI 75 response rate at week 12 differed significantly between biologic‐naïve (56%) and non‐naïve patients (29%). Sixteen patients (19%) experienced 28 SAEs. Seven patients (8%) experienced SAEs considered possibly or probably related to adalimumab.Conclusions  In this cohort, PASI75 responses were substantial but lower than in RCTs and other daily practice studies. Efficacy was well maintained during more than 2 years of follow‐up and differed only between biologic‐naïve and non‐naïve patients at week 12. The incidence of SAEs was low but seems higher than observed in RCTs.
‘Each site has its own survival probability, but information is borrowed across sites to tell us about survival in each site’: random effects models as means of borrowing strength in survival studies of wild vertebrates
Authors: Cam E. 
Published: March 2012

Read the Feature Paper:Bayesian shared frailty models for regional inference about wildlife survivalOther Commentaries on this paper:Combining information in hierarchical models improves inferences in population ecology and demographic population analyses;Bayesian shared frailty models for regional inference about wildlife survivalResponse from the authors:‘Exciting statistics’: the rapid development and promising future of hierarchical models for population ecology
A case of serial nightmares and oneiroid state under paroxetine for senile depression
Authors: KOBAYASHI Toshiyuki , YAMAUCHI Mina 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report on rare side effects of paroxetine. A 67‐year‐old female patient who had been suffering from prolonged depression for over a year but had not received appropriate treatment was administered 20‐mg paroxetine daily. However, the patient required hospital admission after 16 days because of behavioural disturbances and delusions that she was being chased by evil persons from a religious group. The delusions were ultimately confirmed to be serial nightmares and an oneiroid state. The nightmares gradually disappeared following discontinuation of paroxetine. The Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale showed a score of 6 (probable). Reports on paroxetine‐induced nightmares are rare, and there is a possibility that, in this case, parexetine caused the nightmares in association with depression and assumed underlying brain dysfunction due to ageing.