bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Management of Peritoneal Dialysis Peritonitis: The Impact of Peritoneal Sclerosis
Authors: Yates Phillip J. , Kitchen Jessica P. A. , Kaushik Monica , Nicholson Michael L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundPeritonitis is a life‐threatening complication of peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal sclerosis is associated with long‐term peritoneal dialysis. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of peritoneal sclerosis on outcomes following laparotomy for peritoneal dialysis peritonitis.MethodsA series of 63 consecutive patients underwent laparotomy for peritoneal dialysis peritonitis. Patients were divided into two groups, those with and those without simple peritoneal sclerosis identified at laparotomy. Medical, anaesthetic, and surgical notes were used for data collection. Patients with known encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis were excluded from the study.ResultsPatients with simple peritoneal sclerosis had a statistically significant longer duration of peritoneal dialysis. They also had a significantly higher risk of major complications postoperatively and a greater relative risk for mortality.ConclusionsThere is an increased prevalence of simple peritoneal sclerosis with long‐term peritoneal dialysis. Patients with simple peritoneal sclerosis have higher incidence of postlaparotomy complications. Patients on long‐term peritoneal dialysis should be treated aggressively for peritoneal dialysis peritonitis to reduce complication/mortality rates. Evidence of simple peritoneal sclerosis at laparotomy should preclude further peritoneal dialysis.
Cerambycid girdling and water stress modify mesquite architecture and reproduction
Authors: Martínez Armando J. , López‐Portillo J. , Eben A. , Golubov J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of an outbreak of the cerambycid beetle, Oncideres rhodosticta, on branch growth and inflorescence production of the mesquite Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana, and on larvae mortality in girdled branches at two sites (dry and wet) in the southern Chihuahuan Desert of Mexico. We compared stem growth responses to girdling in branches of similar sized trees from both sites over 42 months. The number of larvae per girdled branch was similar between sites, indicating similar ovipositing effort regardless of water stress. However, the proportion of dead larvae was significantly lower in trees at the dry site. On average, girdling reduced 96% of the stem length at both sites. At the end of the first year, 25% of the original stubs survived at the dry site, compared to 90% at the wet site. Girdling also broke apical dominance and allowed for the development of lateral buds from the surviving stubs, which produced many fewer branches and inflorescences at the dry site compared to the wet site, where a compact crown was developed. Water stress and girdling have a combined effect on mesquite architecture and reproduction, since more stubs died at the dry site while new branches from surviving stubs developed at the wet site, recovering the original lost biomass but changing the appearance of the tree.
Microsatellites reveal genetic differentiation among populations in an insect species with high genetic variability in dispersal, the codling moth,Cydia pomonella(L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Chen M.H. , Dorn S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLittle is known about genetic differentiation and gene flow in populations of insect species that have a high genetic variability in dispersal but lack morphologically visible morphs that disperse. These characteristics apply to the codling moth,Cydia pomonellaL. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a major pest of fruits and nuts. Larvae were collected from three orchards each of pome fruits, stone fruits and nut trees in a major fruit growing area of Switzerland (Valais) and from six further (mainly apple) orchards throughout this country. Nine microsatellite loci were used to investigate genetic differentiation and the amount of gene flow among the sampled populations. All the loci were shown to be polymorphic in all populations. The number of alleles ranged from five to 15 over nine loci for the 15 populations. Significant genetic differentiation was noted among the populations from apple, apricot and walnut in the Valais region. Furthermore, among the eight populations sampled from apple in different geographic regions throughout Switzerland, AMOVA and pairwiseFSTanalysis revealed significant population genetic differentiation even between populations collected from orchards ≪10 km apart. These results indicate that a distinct prevailing characteristic, in the present case the sedentary behaviour of the moth, can shape population architecture.
Mortality of Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) workers in contact with colony waste from different plant sources
Authors: Lacerda F.G. , Della Lucia T.M.C. , Pereira O.L. , Peternelli L.A. , Tótola M.R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe objective of this work was to study the effect of colony waste on the mortality of workers of Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel colonies fed with different plant substrates. Eight nests were used; two colonies each were fed with Acalypha wilkesiana Müller.Arg, Ligustrum japonicum Thunb, Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake or a mixture of the three substrates in equal proportions. Irrespective of diet, being kept with waste led to higher mortality. However, workers that were kept in contact with waste produced by colonies fed Acalypha had higher average survival rate and later death when compared with workers from the other treatments. Workers from the Eucalyptus-fed colonies had the lowest survival rate and 50% of them died within four days of exposure to Eucalyptus waste. Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Gray, a fungus garden antagonist, and the entomopathogen Aspergillus flavus Link. ex Gray were present in the colonies supplied with all plants. The largest fungus diversity was verified in the waste of colonies fed Acalypha and the mixture of Acalypha, Ligustrum and Eucalyptus. Therefore, antibiotic properties of Acalypha did not reduce contaminant diversity but apparently minimized effects of pathogenic microorganisms present in the waste such as Asp. flavus. This may explain the highest survival rate of workers in this treatment.
SLAVERY AND ITS TRANSFORMATION IN THE KINGDOM OF KONGO: 1491–1800
Authors: HEYWOOD LINDA M. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTStudies of slavery in Africa during the period of the Atlantic slave trade have largely ignored questions of how political processes affected enslavement during the period and also the extent to which notions of who could be enslaved were modified. Documentation for the kingdom of Kongo during the 1500s to 1800 allows us to explore how the trade was sustained and the social and political dynamics behind it. In a state that consistently exported large numbers of slaves throughout the period of the trade, kings of Kongo at first observed quite a pronounced distinction between foreign-born captives subject to enslavement and sale in the Atlantic trade and freeborn Kongos who were largely proctected from enslavement and sale overseas. In time, however, the distinctions that separated foreign-born and Kongos fell apart as later political authorities and others disregarded such distinctions and all Kongos became subject to enslavement and sale overseas. This was a product of internal Kongo conflicts, which witnessed the collapse of institutions and the redefinition of polity, what it meant to be a citizen or freeborn, and who could be enslaved.
Tick-borne disease systems emerge from the shadows: the beauty lies in molecular detail, the message in epidemiology
Authors: RANDOLPH S. E. 
Published: April 2009

SUMMARYThis review focuses on some of the more ground-shifting advances of recent decades, particularly those at the molecular and cellular level that illuminate mechanisms underpinning the natural ecology of tick-host-pathogen interactions and the consequent epidemiology of zoonotic infections in humans. Knowledge of components of tick saliva, now recognized as the central pillar in the tick's ability to complete its blood meal and the pathogen's differential ability to use particular hosts for transmission, has burgeoned with new molecular techniques. Functional studies have linked a few of them to saliva-assisted transmission of non-systemic infections between co-feeding ticks, the quantitative key to persistent cycles of the most significant tick-borne pathogen in Europe. Human activities, however, may be equally important in determining dynamic patterns of infection incidence in humans.
The ecology of parasites of freshwater fishes: the search for patterns
Authors: KENNEDY C. R. 
Published: April 2009

SUMMARYDevelopments in the study of the ecology of helminth parasites of freshwater fishes over the last half century are reviewed. Most research has of necessity been field based and has involved the search for patterns in population and community dynamics that are repeatable in space and time. Mathematical models predict that under certain conditions host and parasite populations can attain equilibrial levels through operation of regulatory factors. Such factors have been identified in several host-parasite systems and some parasite populations have been shown to persist over long time-periods. However, there is no convincing evidence that fish parasite populations are stable and regulated since in all cases alternative explanations are equally acceptable and it appears that they are non-equilibrial systems. It has proved particularly difficult to detect replicable patterns in parasite communities. Inter-specific competition, evidenced by functional and numerical responses, has been detected in several communities but its occurrence is erratic and its significance unclear. Some studies have failed to find any nested patterns in parasite community structure and richness, whereas others have identified such patterns although they are seldom constant over space and time. Departures from randomness appear to be the exception and then only temporary. It appears that parasite communities are non-equilibrial, stochastic assemblages rather than structured and organized.
Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) of rainbow trout: temperature- and time-related changes ofTetracapsuloides bryosalmonaeDNA in the kidney
Authors: BETTGE K. , SEGNER H. , BURKI R. , SCHMIDT-POSTHAUS H. , WAHLI T. 
Published: April 2009

SUMMARYProliferative kidney disease (PKD) of salmonids, caused byTetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, can lead to high mortalities at elevated water temperature. We evaluated the hypothesis that this mortality is caused by increasing parasite intensity.T. bryosalmonae-infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were reared at different water temperatures and changes in parasite concentrations in the kidney were compared to cumulative mortalities. Results of parasite quantification by a newly developed real-time PCR agreed with the number of parasites detected by immunohistochemistry, except for very low or very high parasite loads because of heterogenous distribution of the parasites in the kidney. Two experiments were performed, where fish were exposed to temperatures of 12, 14, 16, 18 or 19°C after an initial exposure to an infectious environment at 12–16°C resulting in 100% prevalence of infected fish after 5 to 14 days of exposure. While mortalities differed significantly between all investigated water temperatures, significant differences in final parasite loads were only found between fish kept at 12°C and all other groups. Differences in parasite load between fish kept at 14°C to 19°C were not significant. These findings provide evidence that there is no direct link between parasite intensity and fish mortality.
A role for aquaporin-4 in fluid regulation in the inner retina
Authors: GOODYEAR MELINDA J. , CREWTHER SHEILA G. , JUNGHANS BARBARA M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMany diverse retinal disorders are characterized by retinal edema; yet, little experimental attention has been given to understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying and contributing to these fluid-based disorders. Water transport in and out of cells is achieved by specialized membrane channels, with most rapid water transport regulated by transmembrane water channels known as aquaporins (AQPs). The predominant AQP in the mammalian retina is AQP4, which is expressed on the Müller glial cells. Müller cells have previously been shown to modulate neuronal activity by modifying the concentrations of ions, neurotransmitters, and other neuroactive substances within the extracellular space between the inner and the outer limiting membrane. In doing so, Müller cells maintain extracellular homeostasis, especially with regard to the spatial buffering of extracellular potassium (K+) via inward rectifying K+ channels (Kir channels). Recent studies of water transport and the spatial buffering of K+ through glial cells have highlighted the involvement of both AQP4 and Kir channels in regulating the extracellular environment in the brain and retina. As both glial functions are associated with neuronal activation, controversy exists in the literature as to whether the relationship is functionally dependent. It is argued in this review that as AQP4 channels are likely to be the conduit for facilitating fluid homeostasis in the inner retina during light activation, AQP4 channels are also likely to play a consequent role in the regulation of ocular volume and growth. Recent research has already shown that the level of AQP4 expression is associated with environmentally driven manipulations of light activity on the retina and the development of myopia.
S-cone signals invisible to the motion system can improve motion extraction via grouping by color
Authors: MARTINOVIC JASNA , MEYER GEORG , MÜLLER MATTHIAS M. , WUERGER SOPHIE M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to test whether color–motion correlations carried by a pure color difference (S-cone component only) can be used to improve global motion extraction. We also examined the neural markers of color–motion correlation processing in event-related potentials. Color and motion information was dissociated using a two-colored random dot kinematogram, wherein coherent motion and motion noise differed from each other only in their S-cone component, with spatial and temporal parameters set so that global motion processing relied solely on a constant L-M component. Hence, when color and the local motion direction are correlated, more efficient segregation of coherent motion can only be brought about by the S-cone difference, and crucially, this S-cone component does not provide any effective input to a global motion mechanism but only changes the color appearance of the moving dots. The color contrasts (vector length in the Svs. L-M plane) of both the dots carrying coherent motion and the dots moving randomly were fixed at motion discrimination threshold to ensure equal effectiveness for motion extraction. In the behavioral experiment, participants were asked to discriminate between coherent and random motion, andd′ was determined for three different conditions: uncorrelated, uncued correlated, and cued correlated. In the electroencephalographic experiment, participants discriminated direction of motion for uncued correlated and cued correlated conditions. Color–motion correlations were found to improve performance. Cueing a specific color also modulated the N1 component of the event-related potential, with sources in visual area middle temporal. We conclude that S-cone signals “invisible” to the motion system can influence the analysis by direction-selective motion mechanisms through grouping of local motion signals by color. This grouping mechanism must precede motion processing and is likely to be under attentional control.
The Plancherel formula for the horocycle space and generalizations
Authors: Lipsman Ronald L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Plancherel formula for the horocycle space, and several generalizations, is derived within the framework of quasi-regular representations which have monomial spectrum. The proof uses only machinery from the Penney-Fujiwara distribution-theoretic technique; no special semisimple harmonic analysis is needed. The Plancherel formulas obtained include the spectral distributions and the intertwining operators that effect the direct integral decomposition of the quasi-regular representation.
Shadowing, expansiveness and hyperbolic homeomorphisms
Authors: Ombach Jerzy 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to complete results concerning the class ℋ of expansive homeomorphisms having the pseudo orbits tracing property on a compact metric space. We show that hyperbolic homeomorphisms introduced by Mañé in [8] are exactly those in the class ℋ then by the result of [12, 20] they form a class equal to the Smale space introduced by Ruelle in [18]. Next, assuming that the phase space is a smooth manifold, we show that a diffeomorphism is Anosov if and only if it is in the class ℋ and is a lower semi-continuity point of the map which assigns to any diffeomorphism the supremum of its expansive constants (possibly zero). Then we discuss the behavior of the dynamical systems generated by homeomorphisms from ℋ near their basic sets.
Weighted p-Sidon sets
Authors: Hare K. E. , Wilson D. C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA weighted generalization of a p-Sidon set, called an (a, p)-Sidon set, is introduced and studied for infinite, non-abelian, connected, compact groups G. The entire dual object Ĝ is shown never to be central (p − 1, p)-Sidon for 1 ≦ p < 2, nor central (1 + ε, 2)-Sidon for ε > 0. Local (p, p)-Sidon sets are shown to be identical to local Sidon sets. Examples are constructed of infinite non-Sidon sets which are central (2p − 1, p)-Sidon, or (p − 1, p)-Sidon, for 1 < p < 2. Full m-fold FTR sets are proved not to be central (a, 2m/(m + 1))-Sidon for any a > 1.
Decomposing cubes
Authors: Horak P. , Širáň J. , Wallis W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA graph H decomposes into a graph G if one can write H as an edge-disjoint union of graphs isomorphic to G. H decomposes into D, where D is a family of graphs, when H can be written as a union of graphs each isomorphic to some member of D, and every member of D is represented at least once. In this paper it is shown that the d-dimensional cube Qd decomposes into any graph G of size d each of whose blocks is either an even cycle or an edge. Furthennore, Qd decomposes into D, where D is any set of six trees of size d.
The modular group algebra problem for groups of orderp5
Authors: Salim Mohamed A. M. , Sandling Robert 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe show thatp-groups of orderp5are determined by their group algebras over the field ofpelements. Many cases have been dealt with in earlier work of ourselves and others. The only case whose details remain to be given here is that of groups of nilpotency class 3 forpodd.
A transitive self-polar double-twenty of planes
Authors: Kirkpatrick P. B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe demonstrate the existence, in the 5-dimensional projective space over any field J in which 1 + 1 ≠ 0 and −1 is a square, of a non-degenerate double-twenty of planes (ℋ, K) with the property that there is a group of collineations which acts transitively on ℋ ∪ K while each element of the group either maps ℋ onto itself and K onto itself or else swaps ℋ with K. If there is an involutory automorphism of J which swaps the two square roots of −1, then (ℋ, K) is also self-polar (with respect to a unitary polarity). We describe some of the geometry (in both 5-dimensional and 3-dimensional space) associated with the double-twenty (ℋ, K) and its group.
Spectral and asymptotic properties of dominated operators
Authors: Räbiger Frank , Wolff Manfred P. H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between the peripheral spectrum of a positive operator T on a Banach lattice E and the peripheral spectrum of the operators S dominated by T, that is, ]Sx] ≤ T]x] for all x ε E. This can be applied to obtain inheritance results for asymptotic properties of dominated operators.
Presentations of omega-categories by directed complexes
Authors: Crans Sjoerd E. , Steiner Richard 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe theory of directed complexes is extended from free ω-categories by defining presentations in which the generators are atoms and the relations are equations between molecules. Our main result relates these presentations to the more standard algebraic presentations; we also show that every ω-category has a presentation by directed complexes. The approach is similar to that used by Crans for pasting presentations.
Modified cauchy kernels and functional calculus for operators on Banach space
Authors: Franks Edwin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn Banach space operators with a bounded H∞ functional calculus, Cowling et al. provide some necessary and sufficient conditions for a type-ω operator to have a bounded H∞ functional calculus. We provide an alternate development of some of their ideas using a modified Cauchy kernel which is L1 with respect to the measure ]dz]/]z]. The method is direct and has the advantage that no transforms of the functions are necessary.
Functions with unbounded ∂-derivative and their boundary functions
Authors: Zhiguo Chen , Jixiu Chen , Chengqi He 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLetF(z)be a continuous complex-valued function defined on the closed upper half planeHwhose generalized derivative ∂F(z)is unbounded. In this paper, we discuss the relationship between the increasing order of ]∂F(x + iy)] wheny→ 0 and that of λf(x, t) ](F(x + t)− 2F(x)+F(x − t))/t], (x, t∈R), whent→ 0.
Maximal sublattices and Frattini sublattices of bounded lattices
Authors: Adams M. E. , Freese Ralph , Nation J. B. , Schmid Jürg 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe investigate the number and size of the maximal sublattices of a finite lattice. For any positive integerk, there is a finite lattice L with more that ]L]ksublattices. On the other hand, there are arbitrary large finite lattices which contain a maximal sublattice with only 14 elements. It is shown that every bounded lattice is isomorphic to the Frattini sublattice (the intersection of all maximal sublattices) of a finite bounded lattice.
Stability with a general rate function for a class of stochastic evolution equations in infinite dimensional spaces
Authors: Liu Kai 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the almost sure stability with a certain rate function λ(t) for a class of stochastic evolution equations in infinite dimensional spaces under various sufficient conditions. The results obtained here include exponential and polynomial stability as special cases. Much more refined sufficient conditions than the usual ones, for example, those described in [14], are obtained under our framework by the method of Liapunov functions. Two examples are given to illustrate our theory.
The Nachibin quasi-uniformity of a bi-Stonian space
Authors: Fletcher P. , Frith J. , Hunsaker W. , Schauerte A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIt is known that every frame is isomorphic to the generalized Gleason algebra of an essentially unique bi-Stonian space (X, σ, τ) in which σ is T0. Let (X, σ, τ) be as above. The specialization order ≤σ, of (X, σ) is τ × τ-closed. By Nachbin's Theorem there is exactly one quasi-uniformity U on X such that ∩U = ≤σ and J(U*) = τ. This quasi-uniformity is compatible with σ and is coarser than the Pervin quasi-uniformity U of (X, σ). Consequently, τ is coarser than the Skula topology of σ and coincides with the Skula topology if and only if U = P.