bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Liver Transplantation as a Treatment of Intrahepatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Partial Liver Resection: Experience of a Single European Series
Authors: Sapisochin Gonzalo , Bilbao Itxarone , Balsells Joaquin , Dopazo Cristina , Caralt Mireia , Lázaro Jose Luis , Castells Luis , Allende Helena , Charco Ramón 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to ascertain the outcome of liver transplantation (LT) due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients who had undergone previous liver resection (LR) for HCC.MethodsA case‐control study (1:2) was designed to compare patients who underwent LT due to HCC recurrence with a previous LR for HCC (study group) with those who underwent LT for primary HCC but without previous LR (control group).ResultsFrom January 1990 to December 2007, a total of 303 cirrhotic patients with primary HCC were evaluated for surgery. Primary LT was performed in 191 and LR in 100. When HCC recurrence was diagnosed after LR (69/100), 17 of the 69 (25%) patients underwent LT (study group). The median follow‐up was 70 months (12.7–203.0 months). Disease‐free survivals at 1, 3, and 5 years in the study group versus the control group were 86%, 68%, 58% vs. 97%, 93%, 89%, respectively (p < 0.04). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year actuarial patient survivals in the study group versus the control group were 59%, 52%, 52% vs. 85%, 76%, 65%, respectively (p = NS). Patients of the study group were divided into two groups according to the time to recurrence after LR: group 1 was <1 year, and group 2 was >1 year. Recurrence after LT was 75% in group 1 vs. 15.4% in group 2 (p < 0.03). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year actuarial patient survivals were 25%, 0%, 0% in group 1 and 69%, 69%, 69% in group 2, p < 0.02).ConclusionsLiver transplantation can be safely performed after a previous LR for HCC. Patients with recurrence during the first year after hepatectomy have a poor prognosis after LT.
Esterification of Stearic Acid with Triethanolamine over Zirconium Sulfate Supported on SBA‐15 Mesoporous Molecular Sieve
Authors: Geng Tao , Li Qiuxiao , Jiang Yajie , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2010

AbstractZirconium sulfate supported on SBA‐15 (pore diameter about 6 nm) mesoporous molecular sieve was synthesized. Various techniques, such as nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and temperature‐programmed desorption, were used to characterize the prepared catalysts. It was shown that the catalyst exhibited straight, parallel, and uniform channels, zirconium sulfate had been finely dispersed on the surface of SBA‐15, and most of the zirconium sulfate species were located inside the pore channels. The catalyst contained two kinds of acid sites with different strengths. Zirconium sulfate supported on SBA‐15 was used to catalyze the esterification of stearic acid with triethanolamine and recycling was used. The composition of esteramine was analyzed by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. The analytic results showed that the catalytic activity and selectivity of zirconium sulfate supported on SBA‐15 in the esterification of stearic acid and triethanolamine was better than that of phosphorous acid, zirconium sulfate supported on MCM‐41, and zirconium sulfate supported on SBA‐15.
Neutral Lipid Characterization of Non‐Water‐Soluble Fractions of Carica Papaya Latex
Authors: Barouh Nathalie , Abdelkafi Slim , Fouquet Benjamin , Pina Michel , Scheirlinckx Frantz , Carrière Frédéric , Villeneuve Pierre 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe non‐water‐soluble fraction of Carica papaya latex (CPL) constitutes a waste material from papain production; very little information exists regarding its chemical composition. The non‐water‐soluble fraction of CPL was fractionated by liquid chromatography into neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. The most abundant compounds were found to be the polar lipids, accounting for 79.2% (w/w) of the total extractible matter, while the total amount of neutral lipids was only around 20%. It was composed of free fatty acids, sterols and triterpenic alcohols, but no glycerides were detected. A high content of saturated fatty acids was measured; these saturated fatty acids were represented by very long chains with C24:0, C26:0 and C28:0 accounting for 6.3, 11.0 and 6.3%, respectively, in the total extractible matter and 7.3, 9.0 and 3.9% in the FFA fraction. The monounsaturated fatty acids were about 23–25% in both samples, with oleic acid (C18:1) being the most abundant. The polyunsaturated fatty acids that were 25.1% in the total matter and 21.6% in the FFA fraction were mainly represented by linoleic acid (C18:2n‐6). Finally, a very interesting characteristic of the FA composition of this latex concerns the presence of odd‐numbered fatty acids in significant amounts (around 22% in the total extract and 24.3% in the FFA fraction).
Effects of positive affect on risk perceptions in adolescence and young adulthood☆
Authors: Haase Claudia M. , Silbereisen Rainer K. 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTAffective influences may play a key role in adolescent risk taking, but have rarely been studied. Using an audiovisual method of affect induction, two experimental studies examined the effect of positive affect on risk perceptions in adolescence and young adulthood. Outcomes were risk perceptions regarding drinking alcohol, smoking a cigarette, riding in a car with a drunk driver, getting into a fight, and having unprotected sexual intercourse. Study 1 showed that positive affect led to lower risk perceptions than neutral affect for young adults (mean age 23). Study 2 replicated the effect for early adolescents (mean age 13), mid‐adolescents (mean age 17), and young adults (mean age 23). Moreover, Study 2 showed that the effect was most pronounced at high levels of impulsiveness. Adolescents and young adults may be more risk averse in contexts that do not give rise to emotions, but have markedly lower risk perceptions under positive affect.
Comparison of retropubic and transobturator tension‐free vaginal implants for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Castillo‐Pino Edgardo , Sasson Alegre , Pons José E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the perioperative complications, failure rate, operating time, and length of hospital stay associated with 2 minimally invasive suburethral slings in the management of stress urinary incontinence in women.MethodsWomen diagnosed with stress urinary incontinence were treated with tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT) or transobturator tape (TOT). The participants were followed for the next 2 years, with scheduled evaluations 6 weeks, then 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery.ResultsOf the 104 participants, 55 were treated with TVT and 49 were treated with TOT. The condition was classified as “cured” in 81.8% of cases in the TVT group and 83.7% in the TOT group, and improvement occurred in 10.9% and 10.2% of cases, respectively. The mean operating time was shorter for patients treated with TOT than for those treated with TVT. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of perioperative complications (abnormal voiding dysfunction, urinary infections, and de novo overactive bladder). The temporary and permanent urinary obstruction rates in the TVT group were approximately twice those in the TOT group.ConclusionComparable complications and outcomes were observed with TVT and TOT. Tension‐free vaginal implants are effective for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.
Composition and correlation of volcanic ash beds of Silurian age from the eastern Baltic
Authors: KIIPLI TARMO , KALLASTE TOIVO , NESTOR VIIU 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSanidine composition and bulk geochemistry of volcanic ash beds from the East Baltic indicate the subalkaline nature of the volcanism near the margins of the Baltica plate during the Silurian. Several bentonites in the Wenlock include a previously unknown sanidine with 48 to 58 mol % of the Na+Ca component. In contrast to the earlier Telychian volcanism, sodium-rich sanidine occurs in ash beds which originate from relatively moderately evolved dacitic magma. The studied material from two drill cores integrated with previous research enables production of a more complete list of 49 volcanic eruption layers for the lower to middle Wenlock in the East Baltic. This updated list of bentonites characterized by their sanidine compositions forms a good basis for future integrated bio- and chemostratigraphic correlations in northern Europe.
Buddhist ‘nuns’ (mae chi) and the teaching of Pali in contemporary Thailand
Authors: COLLINS STEVEN , MCDANIEL JUSTIN 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an ethnographic account of Buddhist ‘nuns’ involved in the teaching of Pali language andAbhidhammain contemporary Thailand. It also reflects on both the emic-Buddhist (Pali and modern vernacular) and etic-interpretative (English-language) vocabularies which have been used to describe these women and their social role(s) and status(es). The aims of the paper are to go beyond the Weberian vocabulary usually used to describe what we will call ‘professionally celibate Buddhist women’, to escape from the ubiquitous emphasis on the issue of re-establising the Nuns’ Order (bhikkhunī-s) in the modern world in scholarship dealing with such women, and to encourage further ethnography and further civilizational interpretation of gender and asceticism.
Religious change, social conflict and legal competition: the emergence of Christian personal law in colonial India
Authors: CHATTERJEE NANDINI 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOne of the most contentious political issues in postcolonial India is the unfulfilled project of a ‘uniform civil code’ which would override the existing ‘personal laws’ or religion-based laws of domestic relations, inheritance and religious institutions. If the personal laws are admitted to be preserved (if somewhat distorted) remnants of ‘religious laws’, then the legitimacy of state intervention is called into question, especially since the Indian state claims to be secular. This paper, by discussing the history of the lesser-known Christian personal law, demonstrates that this conundrum is of considerable heritage. From the earliest days of British imperial rule in India, the quest to establish a universal body of law conflicted with other legal principles which upheld difference: that of religion, as well as race. It was the historical role of Indian Christians to occasion legal dilemmas regarding the jurisdictions of British and ‘native’ law, and concurrently about the identity of people subject to those different laws. In trying to discover who the Indian Christians were, and what laws ought to apply to them, British judges had perforce to reflect on who the ‘British’ were, whilst also dealing with conflicting collective claims made by Hindus, Muslims, Parsis, and Christians themselves about their own identity and religious rights. The Indian Christian personal law was an unintended by-product of this process, a finding which throws light both on the dynamics of colonial legislation, and on the essentially modern nature of Indian personal laws.
A population-based twin study of the genetic and environmental relationship of major depression, regular tobacco use and nicotine dependence
Authors: Edwards A. C. , Maes H. H. , Pedersen N. L. , Kendler K. S. 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundNumerous epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between major depression (MD) and regular tobacco use (RU) or nicotine dependence (ND). However, few have used a genetically informative design to assess whether these traits share a common genetic and/or environmental liability.MethodWe assessed MD, RU and ND in same-sex twins from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry. In males, we examined both cigarette use and snus (smokeless tobacco) use. We used structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between MD, RU, and ND given RU.ResultsThe results suggest modest correlations between MD and RU, and between MD and ND. In males, the liability shared between MD and RU is solely genetic for both cigarettes and snus, while MD and ND share both genetic and unique environmental influences. The continuation to ND given RU differed considerably between cigarette and snus users. In females, both MD–RU and MD–ND relationships are partially attributable to genetic and unique environmental correlations.ConclusionsThe relationship among MD, RU and ND is at least partially attributable to shared genetic and environmental risk factors. The genetic and environmental correlations between traits are modest. The nature of the shared liability differs by sex, and in males, by the type of tobacco product used. Differences between previous reports and results presented in the current study are suggestive of population differences in how MD and tobacco use inter-relate.
A randomized controlled trial of internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for bulimia nervosa or related disorders in a student population
Authors: Sánchez-Ortiz V. C. , Munro C. , Stahl D. , House J. , Startup H. , Treasure J. , Williams C. , Schmidt U. 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundBulimic eating disorders are common among female students, yet the majority do not access effective treatment. Internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy (iCBT) may be able to bridge this gap.MethodSeventy-six students with bulimia nervosa (BN) or eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) were randomly assigned to immediate iCBT with e-mail support over 3 months or to a 3-month waiting list followed by iCBT [waiting list/delayed treatment control (WL/DTC)]. ED outcomes were assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Other outcomes included depression, anxiety and quality of life.ResultsStudents who had immediate iCBT showed significantly greater improvements at 3 and 6 months than those receiving WL/DTC in ED and other symptoms.ConclusionsiCBT with e-mail support is efficacious in students with bulimic disorders and has lasting effects.
Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS). Outcomes of non-attenders to a service for people at high risk of psychosis: the case for a more assertive approach to assessment
Authors: Green C. E. L. , McGuire P. K. , Ashworth M. , Valmaggia L. R. 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundInternational agreement dictates that clients must be help-seeking before any assessment or intervention can be implemented by an ‘at-risk service’. Little is known about individuals who decline input. This study aimed to define the size of the unengaged population of an ‘at-risk service’, to compare this group to those who did engage in terms of sociodemographic and clinical features and to assess the clinical outcomes of those who did not engage with the service.MethodGroups were compared using data collected routinely as part of the service's clinical protocol. Data on service use and psychopathology since referral to Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS) were collected indirectly from clients' general practitioners (GPs) and by screening electronic patient notes held by the local Mental Health Trust.ResultsOver one-fifth (n=91, 21.2%) of those referred did not attend or engage with the service. Approximately half of this group subsequently received a diagnosis of mental illness. A diagnosis of psychosis was given to 22.6%. Nearly 70% presented to other mental health services. There were no demographic differences, except that those who engaged with the service were more likely to be employed.ConclusionsOver one-fifth of those referred to services for people at high risk of psychosis do not attend or engage. However, many of this group require mental health care, and a substantial proportion has, or will later develop, psychosis. A more assertive approach to assessing individuals who are at high risk of psychosis but fail to engage may be indicated.
Impulsivity and neural correlates of response inhibition in schizophrenia
Authors: Kaladjian A. , Jeanningros R. , Azorin J.-M. , Anton J.-L. , Mazzola-Pomietto P. 
Published: April 2010

BackgroundThe clinical picture of schizophrenia is frequently worsened by manifestations of impulsivity. However, the neural correlates of impulsivity in this disorder are poorly known. Although impulsivity has been related to disturbances of the neural processes underlying response inhibition, no studies have yet examined the relationship between these processes and psychometric measures of impulsivity in schizophrenia. This was the aim of the current investigation.MethodEvent-related functional magnetic resonance imaging in conjunction with a Go/NoGo task was employed to probe the neural activity associated with response inhibition in 26 patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy comparison subjects. All participants also completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale – version 11 (BIS-11). Voxel-wise regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between the BIS-11 score and brain activation during response inhibition in each group.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia were more impulsive than healthy subjects, as indicated by higher BIS-11 scores. Patients, but not healthy subjects, were found to display a positive correlation between these scores and cerebral activation associated with response inhibition. This correlation involves a unique cluster localized within the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), a key node of the brain network subserving response inhibition.ConclusionsWe evidenced in patients with schizophrenia that greater BIS-11 scores are associated with greater activation within the right VLPFC during response inhibition. This finding suggests that the efficiency of this brain region to process inhibitory control is reduced in the more impulsive patients.
“Prisoners of the Postwar”: Expellees, Displaced Persons, and Jews in Austria after World War II
Authors: Zahra Tara 
Published: April 2010

In the aftermath of World War II, Austria once again achieved notoriety as a “prison of peoples.” In 1951, theOst-West Kurier, a newspaper in Essen, decried the degrading mistreatment of Austria's so-called “prisoners of the postwar.” Men, women, and children were wasting away in former concentration camps and were denied citizenship rights, the right to work or to travel freely, and basic social protections, the newspaper reported. These “prisoners” were not, however, former Jewish concentration camp inmates, prisoners of war (POWs), or displaced persons (DPs). They were German expellees from Eastern Europe—the very Germans on whose behalf the Nazi war for Lebensraum had allegedly been fought. “In the entire Western world, there is today no group of human beings who has been sentenced to live with so few rights as the so-called Volksdeutsche in Austria,” the newspaper's editors proclaimed:300,000 people, whose homes and property have been torn from them through the expulsions, all too often by their closest neighbors, endured a hard journey to Austria, where they believed upon arrival that it could be something like a greater Heimat for them. Because only three decades ago, they too were Austrians.
Built Heritage Conservation and the Voluntary Sector: The Case of the Tung Wah Coffin Home in Hong Kong
Authors: Ma Shu-Yun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBuilt heritage conservation is not easily achievable through the market, as it involves use of urban space and thus opportunity cost. The problem is more serious if there is no government support. This is the case in Hong Kong, where both the market and the state are not favorable to built heritage conservation. However, in 2005, through a local voluntary organization, a built heritage of Hong Kong—the Tung Wah Coffin Home—was conserved, and the project won one local and one regional conservation award. While conservation of built heritage by the voluntary sector has been common among developed countries, it is new in Hong Kong. This article first situates the issue in a general political-economy perspective and then analyzes the case of the Tung Wah Coffin Home, in particular, in the context of Hong Kong. The purpose is to examine what this case tells us about the role of the voluntary sector and its relationship with the government in providing built heritage conservation.
New Developments in the Restitution of Cultural Property: Alternative Means of Dispute Resolution
Authors: Cornu Marie , Renold Marc-André 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAlternative methods of dispute resolution are an important resource in matters of cultural heritage in addressing the return, restitution, and repatriation of cultural property. The purpose of this article is to analyze the situations in which such methods might be preferred to the classical judicial means and to examine the problems that might arise.The article is in two parts. The first part describes the actors as well as the current methods used for the restitution and return of cultural property. The second part explores the types of property that lend themselves to alternative dispute resolution techniques and lists the—often original—substantive solutions that have been used in practice.Alternative methods of dispute resolution enable consideration of nonlegal factors, which might be emotional considerations or a sense of “moral obligation,” and this can help the parties find a path to consensus.
Von Saher v. Norton Simon Museum of Art at Pasadena:California's Temporary Suspension of the Statute of Limitations in Holocaust Art Cases Violates the Foreign Affairs Doctrine
Authors: Adler Andrew 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn 2002, the California state legislature enacted a law temporarily suspending the statute of limitations in certain Holocaust art cases. In doing so, it removed a major procedural obstacle facing plaintiffs and effectively revived claims once considered time-barred. Seven years later, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held invon Saher v. Norton Simon Museum of Art at Pasadenathat this California law was unconstitutional under the foreign affairs doctrine, because it impermissibly intruded on the federal government's exclusive power to make and resolve war. In so holding, the Ninth Circuit became the first court in the United States to restrict the authority of the states to inject themselves into the realm of Holocaust art litigation.