bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Redescription of some Type Specimens of British Ordovician Bryozoa
Authors: Spjeldnæs Nils 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFive species of Ordovician Bryozoa are redescribed, based on the type specimens of Lonsdale (in Murchison, 1839: “Favosites fibrosa” (1843: “Ptilodichtya” dichotoma), Phillips (1848: “Favosites” favulosa), and McCoy (1850: “Nebulipora lens” and “Ptilodichtya explanata”). Six other species are discussed and some of them figured, but the preservation of the material does not allow a complete redescription of them.
Apparent Coincidences in the Life-history of the Moine Schists
Authors: Phillips F. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA review of the progress of knowledge concerning the Moine Schists shows that, whereas about twenty years ago many geologists supported Horne's contention that the Moine sediments were pre-Torridonian, there has been recently a marked swing towards Peach's view that they are the equivalents of the Torridonian. The interpretation of the structural petrology of these schists in the light of this change of opinion is then discussed.
Sedimentary Differentiation as a Factor in the Moine-Torridonian Correlation
Authors: Kennedy W. Q. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe chemical differences which exist between the Moine and Torridonian rocks of the Scottish Highlands are of the same nature and order of magnitude as those between extreme end members of the Norwegian Sparagmite Formation. It is concluded that in Scotland, as in Norway, a unilateral trend of sedimentary differentiation operated from north-west to south-east across the direction of the Caledonian geosyncline and led to chemical grading of the arenaceous sediments transverse to the trend of the late Pre-Cambrian depositional basin.
An Unusual Pyroxene-rich Xenolith in the Diorite of the Glenelg-Ratagain Igneous Complex
Authors: Nicholls G. D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA xenolith composed essentially of green pyroxene, microperthitic potash felspar, sphene, apatite, and iron ore, has been discovered in the diorite of the Glenelg-Ratagain igneous complex. it is believed to be an impregnated skarn rock associated with igneous activity earlier than the intrusion of the diorite. Introduction of P, Ti, and Na is considered to be important in the formation of the skarn.
Notes on Thecal Variation in Monograptus
Authors: Bulman O. M. B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThecal modifications in certain Monograptids are discussed on a basis of restorations which distinguish the theca from the remainder of the “thecal segment” of Törnquist. There seems little support in those bi-form Monograptids examined for the view that the less modified thecae reflect an incomplete development, and in general the new thecal types appear to represent transformations which commonly originate proximally or at least are more highly developed proximally. A possible analogy between this colonial development and metamerism is suggested.
The Age of the Malvern Folding
Authors: Mykura W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNew floral and lithological evidence from the tongue of Coal Measures extending from the Wyre Forest Coalfield into the northern part of the Abberley Chain establishes that the eastward overturning along the Malvern axis is of late- or post-Morganian age. Minor folding along this axis may have taken place prior to the deposition of the Upper Coal Measures. This, however, had little topographic effect as during the deposition of the Upper Coal Measures the northern end of the Malvern axis remained an area of relatively rapid subsidence.
A Note on the Occurrence of Intergrowth between Diopsidic Augite and Albite and of Hydrogrossular from King Island, Tasmania
Authors: Scott Beryl 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA description is given of an intergrowth between augite and albite found in Spilitic lavas from King Island, Tasmania. Hydrogrossular is found pseudomorphing olivine and also in veins and vesicles in certain rocks of the same volcanic suite.
Rhynchonellids of the Boueti Bed of the Great Oolite Series of Langton Herring, Dorset: A Study in Variation
Authors: Aitken W. G. , McKerrow W. S. 
Published: May 2009

(1) The range of variation in the external characters of the rhynchonellids examined is illustrated by means of graphs and scatter-diagrams.(2) The three-variable scatter compares directly the proportions of thickness, breadth, and length, and defines the assemblage as adequately as several scatters which relate only pairs of variables. A close relationship is shown to exist between the three-variable scatter in which the positions of specimens are mathematically determined and the scatter in which the specimens are placed according to general appearance.(3) The three-variable scatter, when considered with size-groups, indicates that with growth, breadth and thickness increase more rapidly than does length. All the scatters indicate that proportionate thickness Varies to a greater degree than does proportionate breadth or proportionate length.(4) The sample, being random, is probably nearly representative of the goniorhynch rhynchonellid fauna of the Boueti Bed at Langton Herring. The stratigraphical value of the work, however, can only be proved by examination of assemblages from other localities and horizons.(5) Since the scatters show that all gradations occur between the extreme variants, the forms behave as though belonging to a single homogenetic community. It is recognized that internal characters may in due course be found to show discontinuity in their variation, but on present evidence it appears that only one species is present.
Notes on the Geology of Killary Harbour
Authors: McLaren D. J. , Miller T. G. 
Published: May 2009

The Rosroe Peninsula, on the south side of Killary Harbour, Co. Galway, is formed of the Rosroe Grits, mapped by the Geological Survey of Ireland (1875) as “Lower Silurian”. Kilroe (1907) in a rapid revisionary survey of Galway and Mayo, described the succession on Rosroe as inverted (op. cit. p. 154, n. 3):—“ Mr. McHenry informs me that the fossils (graptolites) on the south side are indicative of Upper Llandeilo, while those on the north side are Lower. This being the case, the order of the beds is inverted, as they dip northerly.”
A Revised Terminology and Subdivision of the Middle Jurassic Rocks of Yorkshire
Authors: Hemingway J. E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIt is suggested (1) that the term “Estuarine Series”, as applied to the Middle Jurassic rocks of Yorkshire, should be abandoned and that “Deltaic Series” should be substituted; (2) that the boundary between the lower and middle divisions of this series should be revised and that the persistent Eller Beck Bed should be substituted for that boundary in place of the wedging Millepore Series of the Scarborough district and its inland equivalent, the Whitwell Oolite.
An Alkali Facies of Granite at Granite-Dolomite Contacts in Skye
Authors: Tilley C. E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe development of an alkali pyroxene-bearing fades of granite at the contact of the Beinn an Dubhaich granite of Skye with Durness dolomites is associated with a skarn formation involving magmatic transfer of alumina. The significance of the processes at work in this and related examples is discussed.
Notes on the Nile Valley in Berber and Dongola
Authors: Sandford K. S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLow-lying physiographical features in the northern Sudan are associated with Lower Tertiary “lake beds”. Some undulation may have been imposed, e.g. in the Dongola bend of the Nile. There has been little vertical river erosion below the level of the lake beds in the northern Sudan, whereas in Egypt there were long successions of Tertiary sediments, uplifts, folding, and faulting. Neither late-Tertiary marine flooding nor successive regradings of the Nile in Egypt reached the Sudan. With reference to the present flood plain the summit level of some silts of Palaeolithic age rises in a striking manner from the country around Atbara (and probably a wider area) downstream into the Dongola bend, reaches a maximum (so far as known) around Wadi Haifa, and then falls again.
Accuracy in Geological Place-names
Authors: Rastall R. H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the interests of accuracy and practical convenience, a detailed account is given of several instances well known to the author where vague or badly chosen place-names have given rise to uncertainty or even definite errors, in the position of geological localities, including one recent description of an important deep boring in N.E. Yorkshire. Attention is also drawn to an increasing looseness in the definition of the ancient local name of Cleveland. Trouble has also been caused by the recent invention of a new place-name, Ravenscar, which is synonymous with the ancient name, Peak (not The Peak, as often written by geologists). When an author is not himself thoroughly conversant with the place-names of his district it is recommended that some local authority, not necessarily a geologist, should be consulted.
A “Luxullianite” from East Dartmoor
Authors: Blyth F. G. H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA dyke-like mass of luxullianite type is emplaced along a line of fracture which crosses granite in a zone of pneumatolytic reddening, and is exposed in a quarry face. Extensive tourmalinization is related to post-emplacement fractures which traverse both the luxullianite and the adjacent rocks.
The Pediment Landform: Some Current Problems
Authors: King Lester 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe pediment is a widespread and fundamental landform adapted to and moulded by sheet-flow of surface water. The usually abrupt transition from hillslopes to pediments corresponds to a change in surface water flow from linear- to sheet-flow. A cut-rock surface is an essential feature, and where this is buried beneath a detrital mantle some climatic change is to be suspected.
A Xenolithic Minor Intrusion at Slievenagriddle, County Down
Authors: Patterson Edward M. 
Published: May 2009

Examination of a xenolithic minor intrusion of Caledonian age at Slievenagriddle, County Down, has shown the existence of felspathic replacement rims and rheomorphic veins associated with the xenoliths, and derived from them by metasomatic action of the magma.Chemical and spectrographic analyses of the main rock of the intrusion, and of a rheomorphic vein, establish an order of geochemical migration for the metals of the alkali series.In conclusion I wish to express my thanks to Mr. J. J. Hartley, of Queen's University, Belfast, for valuable advice and help in the field work; to Dr. J. E. Richey and other members of the Geological Survey for much useful criticism and assistance; to Dr. D. L. Reynolds for reading this communication in MS., and to Dr. R. L. Mitchell, of the Macaulay Institute for Soil Research, for performing the two spectrographic analyses.
Geology of the Aust-Beachley District, Gloucestershire
Authors: Whittard W. F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe folds and many of the faults in the Keuper Marls of the Aust-Beachley District are claimed to be compaction phenomena. The distribution of almost vertical sheets of alabaster in the Keuper Marls is attributed to infilling of contraction cracks. The palaeontology of the Carboniferous rocks, particularly of the seldom-visited islands of the Severn, is used to determine the structure. Several post-Triassic faults of tectonic origin have been mapped and others predicted; the age of the faulting is unknown.
The Influence of Water Films adsorbed by Mineral Grains upon the Compaction of Natural Sediments and Notes on Allied Phenomena
Authors: Sugden W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe mechanism of the compaction of sediments is discussed, with special reference to the rôle played by adsorbed water, under both normal conditions and conditions of erosion and tectonic force. The effect of adsorbed water on the migration of oil and gas, and the possible relation of sediment-compaction to submarine slumping and sedimentary volcanism are also reviewed.
The Yorkshire Dogger: III. Upper Eskdale
Authors: Rastall R. H. , Hemingway J. E. 
Published: May 2009

1. A sequence of strata is determined in the Dogger of Upper Eskdale and its tributary valleys. The rocks fall into three main series, which are subdivided into groups.2. The underlying Yeovilian sediments, originally included with the Dogger, are mapped and briefly described. The unconformity between them and the Dogger is emphasized.3. The Dogger is marine throughout but only the oldest yields an adequate faunal assemblage, similar to that of the Glaisdale Oolite Series (upper opalinum). The greater part of the Dogger of this area is therefore younger than that of the Yorkshire Coast.4. Chemical changes in the sea-water caused the deposition of siderite to characterize the earliest phase (Glaisdale Oolite Series). This was succeeded by a phase of dominantly chamosite deposition (the Chamositic Series) followed by a reversion to siderite deposition (the Ajalon Series).5. Earth-movement controlled sedimentation over the area. During the first phase an eastern tilt to the region held the centre and west above or near sea-level, where it received no sediment. The second phase saw general depression with the accumulation of shallow water sediments. This was followed by uplift and erosion when a broad shallow valley was cut. Partial depression then flooded the valley with derived marine sediments.
The Chalk Rock at Winterborne Abbas, Dorset
Authors: Robbie J. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn abnormal lithological development of the Chalk Rock occurs in the neighbourhood of Winterborne Abbas, South Dorset, where it contains pebbles of Upper Greensand material. Two exposures of this rock have previously been recorded but further information regarding this variant of the Chalk Rock was obtained during the resurvey of the area in 1936. A possible source of origin for the derived material is suggested.
Two Early-named Valid Species of English Upper Jurassic Ammonites
Authors: Arkell W. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPerisphinctes listeri (de Haan). 1825. from the Corallian Beds, and Titanites cingulatus (de Haan), 1825, from the Portland Beds, are valid species that have been overlooked. The original figures on which they were based are reproduced.
The Nomenclature of Lower Carboniferous “Reef” Limestones in the North of England
Authors: Bond Geoffrey 
Published: May 2009

AbstractVarious ways in which Lower Carboniferous reef limestones have accumulated are described, and terms defining them are introduced. Regional sedimentation, lithology, structure, fauna, and erosion history are kept separate in the discussion. The reef limestones of Northern England are briefly reviewed in the light of this classification.
Basement Carboniferous in Upper Teesdale, N. Yorks.
Authors: Harry W. T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractExcavations in Upper Teesdale, N. Yorks, exposed basement Carboniferous at its unconformable contact with underlying shales of probable Silurian age. The lowest basement beds are tough conglomerates cut by compression joints. The constituent pebbles are unsorted, locally derived, and mainly andesites and rhyolites, with vein quartz and shale pebbles. A dreikanter outline is common. The conglomerate is contrasted with others also between the Carboniferous and Lower Palaeozoic in England.
Depth of Burial of South Wales Coals
Authors: Wellman H. W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMetamorphism of the South Wales coals is considered to be due to depth of burial and not to a thrust. Dr. Trotter's data are used to calculate the metamorphic gradients at different places. The differences in these gradients, which are calculated in two different ways, are discussed. The South Wales gradients together with data from New Zealand are used to estimate 18,000 feet as being the total depth to which the 4 per cent anthracite was buried. Maximum depth of burial is considered due to cover unconformable to the coal measures except in the southern part of the coalfield.
Note on Two Lineated Tectonites from Strathavon, Banffshire
Authors: McIntyre Donald B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe principal tectonic terms employed are defined. A specimen of sheared quartzite from Corshellach is described. Shear-planes, drag-folds, and lineation are syngenetic. Their geometric relations show that the lineation is in b. Also described is a specimen of folded marble and graphite schist from Urlarmore. Elongated bodies of graphite schist represent tectonic thickening along the antiform hinges. Their maximum dimension, which is much greater than any other, is parallel to the lineation, but they have not suffered extension in this direction. The form of folds and rotated bodies shows that the lineation is again in b. The sense of the movement was towards the south-west. It is believed that throughout mid-Strathspey and Strathavon similar lineations bear the same relations to the kinematic directions.
Some Features of the Lower Carboniferous Reef Limestones of Clitheroe, Lancashire
Authors: Parkinson Donald 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Clitheroe Limestone of Coplow, Salt Hill, and Bellman quarries is redescribed, particularly from the point of view of the origin and structure of the reef knolls and their relation to the surrounding deposits. Coplow knoll is considered to be the exposed part of a lenticular mass of upper C1 reef limestone which originally sloped steeply east. An earth movement within the C2 zone is marked by limestone breccias and a boulder bed, but there seems no evidence of pronounced erosion. A later uplift preceded the deposition of the Worston Shales. Slickensiding in the reef limestone is briefly discussed and possible effects of compaction of the sediments are considered. Three growth stages in reef formation are postulated.
Note on Lineation, Boudinage, and Recumbent-folds in the Struan Flags (Moine), near Dalnacardoch, Perthshire
Authors: McIntyre Donald B. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPresent knowledge of the tectonics of the Struan area is summarized. Recumbent-folds and incipient boudinage are recorded in the Struan Flags. The different types of lineation present are described; it is pointed out that all types present are mutually parallel. Simple kinematic analysis of an exposure north-west of Dalnacardoch, demonstrates that the lineations coincide more or less closely, with the axis of rolling; they are therefore b-lineations. The need for further field-work is stressed, and the type of data required is indicated.
Charnockitic and Related Cordierite-Bearing Rocks from Dangin, Western Australia
Authors: Prider Rex T. 
Published: May 2009

VI. SummaryA series of charnockitic rocks and associated cordierite-bearing rocks from Western Australia has been described and compared with charnockitic rocks from other localities. This charnockitic suite is considered to be a series of basic intrusions into an older series of paraschists. It has, in places, been considerably contaminated by assimilation of the aluminous metasediments and in such cases is now represented by cordierite-bearing rocks. The basic charnockitic rocks and their contaminated equivalents have been subsequently invaded, under deep-seated conditions by granitic magma or emanations, and now appear as recrystallized remnants of the original masses. They have suffered extensive granitization which has yielded the acid charnockites (hypersthene-alkali felspar gneisses) in which the hypersthene is considered to have been derived from the older hypersthene-bearing basic charnockites. In view of the similarity to the Indian and Antarctic charnockites it appears possible that the charnockitic rocks of these areas are of similar origin, and that charnockite (hypersthene granite) rather than being the result of crystallization from a magma, is due to the granitization of older hypersthene-bearing rocks. If charnockite is of magmatic origin then it is most probable that this magma was of palingenetic origin and that the hypersthene is a relict from the earlier rocks and not the product of crystallization of the charnockite magma. Dunn (1942, p. 23) considers that the evidence afforded by Indian rocks is not opposed to the view that the hypersthene gneisses (charnockites) are the product of partial or complete palingenesis of very deep-seated rocks which had lost their water content.
Gala-Tarannon Beds in the Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh
Authors: Lamont Archie 
Published: May 2009

There are three main inliers of Silurian rocks in the Pentland Hills:—(1) Lyne Water—North Esk Reservoir Inlier, which includes the Gutterford Burn section with the well-known Eurypterid and Starfish beds and the Deerhope and North Esk sections in which there is a passage upwards into red beds often referred to as “Downtonian”.(2) Bavelaw Castle Inlier, with beds of an age similar to those in the Gutterford Burn.(3) Loganlee Reservoir Inlier, yielding a few graptolites in strata partly corresponding with those of the Bavelaw Castle Inlier, and with an important assemblage of Silurian corals in the overlying Lower Old Red Sandstone conglomerate.
The Avonian of Cannington Park, near Bridgwater, Somerset
Authors: Wallis F. S. 
Published: May 2009

This small, though extremely interesting area of Carboniferous Limestone is situated about 4 miles north-east of Bridgwater and ¾ mile north-east of the village of Cannington.For several reasons it has attracted a large number of workers. Fossils are scarce (at first the mass was thought to be unfossiliferous), and hence for a long time the “Devonian or Carboniferous” question of age was a bone of contention. Also, the final acceptance of its Avonian age showed that productive Coal Measures were probably deposited in the area between the Mendips and the Quantock Hills.
Notes on the Fauna of the Lower Devonian Beds of Torquay
Authors: Reed F. R. Cowper 
Published: May 2009

SUMMARYDrevermann has already described and figured this species, and there can be no doubt that the shell from Smugglers' Cove described by Etheridge as ‘O. hipparionix (sic) or striatula’ belongs to it. There are several much better examples in the Sedgwick Museum from Smugglers' Cove, which fully confirm this conclusion. The specimen from Looe, figured by Davidson (op. cit. supra) as O. hipparionyx ? is believed by Drevermann to belong to O. provulvaria, but he does not mention Etheridge's shell from Smugglers' Cove. There is also one imperfect example in the Sedgwick Museum from the New Cut. Williams and Breger consider Schnur's Orthis hipparionyx (non Vanuxem) from Prtim in the Eifel, to be identical with Hall's Schuchertella woolworthana from the Lower Helderberg of New York.
The Foraminifera of the Fenland Clays at St. Germans, near King’s Lynn
Authors: Macfadyen W. A. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryThe complete sequence of Fenland deposits at St. Germans consists of five clays interbedded with four peats; the whole is apparently of post-Glacial age, and the later beds at least were laid down in historic times. Fourteen specimens were collected from the clays, and all yielded foraminifera. Forty-one species of these are indigenous, five are derived from the Chalk, and twelve from the Kimmeridge Clay. Of the indigenous species nearly all are forms tolerant of brackish-water, while species intolerant of this are almost lacking. From this fact and from the presence of many fragments of peat in the clays it is concluded that these are of brackish-water origin. From the presence of a proportion of micaceous silt in many of the clays, accompanied by and correlated with foraminiferal species less tolerant of brackish water, occasional ingress of estuarine water is presumed.