bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorptive removal of uranium from water by sulfonated phenol–formaldehyde resin
Authors: Atun Gülten , Ortaboy Sinem 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAdsorption characteristics of a sulfonated phenol‐formaldehyde resin (SPR) have been studied for U removal from aqueous solution by means of batch method. Adsorption experiments have been carried out as a function of contact time, solution/adsorbent ratio, particle size and pH. Adsorption isotherm has been evaluated by changing adsorbent dosage in the range of 0.04–80 g/L at an initial uranyl nitrate concentration of 0.05 mol/L. The enormous adsorption capacity of 0.29 mol/g estimated from the plateau region of the S shaped isotherm is well comparable the Langmuir capacity of 0.31 mol/g. Equilibrium data are also adequately well described by the Freundlich and the Dubinin‐Radushkevich (D‐R) isotherm equations. The parameters of the isotherms and pH dependency of distribution coefficients (KD) indicate that polymeric uranyl chains form on bidentate surface complex as a result of solute–solute interactions on the adsorbent surface. Both desorption and elution studies show that uranyl chains are irreversibly bounded on the SPR. Kinetic curves having a fast initial part followed by a slower process well fit both McKay model based on two‐resistance diffusion and Nernst‐Plank model with single diffusion coefficient. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Antimicrobial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) treated with an aromatic N‐halamine precursor, m‐aramid
Authors: Kim Sam Soo , Kim Jiyoung , Huang T. S. , Whang Hyun Suk , Lee Jaewoong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA commercial m‐aramid as N‐halamine precursor has been coated onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric surface by pad‐dry‐curing process. The process is accomplished by padding the scoured PET fabric through the homogeneous m‐aramid solution, drying at 150°C for 3 min, and curing at 230°C for 3 min. The PET surface coated with m‐aramid was characterized using fourier transform infrared‐attenuated total reflection (FTIR‐ATR) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR exhibits new bands in the 1645 and 1524 cm−1 regions as characteristic of m‐aramid bands, which indicate the PET fabric coated with m‐aramid. XPS results show a distinguishable peak at binding energy 398.7 eV, which confirms the nitrogen atom of m‐aramid on the PET surface. In addition, SEM image shows a layer of coating onto the PET surfaces, which demonstrates the presence of m‐aramid coating on the surface of the PET. After exposure to dilute sodium hypochlorite solution, exhibition of antimicrobial activity on the coated PET is attributed to the conversion of N‐halamine moieties from the N‐halamine precursor. The chlorinated PET showed high antimicrobial activity against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. The chlorinated PET coated with 10% m‐aramid exhibited about 6 log reductions of S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 at a contact time of 10 and 30 min, respectively. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity was durable and rechargeable after 25 wash cycles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Facile route to hierarchical conducting polymer nanostructure: Synthesis of layered polypyrrole network plates
Authors: Wang Taoqing , Zhong Wenbin , Ning Xutao , Wang Yongxin , Yang Wantai 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPolypyrrole (PPy) nanowire network plates with both average length and width in tens of micrometers were prepared in an aqueous solution containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and nitric acid (HNO3) by chemical oxidative polymerization methods. It is found that PPy plates are constructed with double layers of nanowire networks. The influences of recipe such as the concentration of CTAB, HNO3, and pyrrole, as well as the reaction temperature on the morphologies of produced PPy were systematically investigated. By control experiment employing H2SO4 or HCl in place of HNO3, it is disclosed that HNO3 probably plays a key role in forming PPy plates. A plausible forming mechanism of PPy plate structures is offered. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Electrospinning of poly(dimethyl siloxane) by sol–gel method
Authors: Kim Young Bum , Cho Donghwan , Park Won Ho 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCrosslinked poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) fibers were fabricated by electrospinning in combination with a sol–gel process followed by heat treatment. Before and after heat treatment, the changes in the chemical and thermal properties of the electrospun PDMS fibers were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), equilibrium swelling tests, and contact angle measurements. There was no significant change in morphology and average diameter of the as‐spun PDMS fibers after heat treatment. The tensile properties of the as‐spun PDMS fibers mat increased with increasing heat treatment temperature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
On the Impact of Parametric Assumptions and Robust Alternatives for Longitudinal Data Analysis
Authors: Lu Naiji , Tang Wan , He Hua , Yu Qin , Crits‐Christoph Paul , Zhang Hui , Tu Xin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractModels for longitudinal data are employed in a wide range of behavioral, biomedical, psychosocial, and health‐care‐related research. One popular model for continuous response is the linear mixed‐effects model (LMM). Although simulations by recent studies show that LMM provides reliable estimates under departures from the normality assumption for complete data, the invariable occurrence of missing data in practical studies renders such robustness results less useful when applied to real study data. In this paper, we show by simulated studies that in the presence of missing data estimates of the fixed effect of LMM are biased under departures from normality. We discuss two robust alternatives, the weighted generalized estimating equations (WGEE) and the augmented WGEE (AWGEE), and compare their performances with LMM using real as well as simulated data. Our simulation results show that both WGEE and AWGEE provide valid inference for skewed non‐normal data when missing data follows the missing at random, the most popular missing data mechanism for real study data.
Haplotype Inference for Population Data with Genotyping Errors
Authors: Zhu Wensheng , Kuk Anthony Y. C. , Guo Jianhua 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInference of haplotypes is important in genetic epidemiology studies. However, all large genotype data sets have errors due to the use of inexpensive genotyping machines that are fallible and shortcomings in genotyping scoring softwares, which can have an enormous impact on haplotype inference. In this article, we propose two novel strategies to reduce the impact induced by genotyping errors in haplotype inference. The first method makes use of double sampling. For each individual, the “GenoSpectrum” that consists of all possible genotypes and their corresponding likelihoods are computed. The second method is a genotype clustering algorithm based on multi‐genotyping data, which also assigns a “GenoSpectrum” for each individual. We then describe two hybrid EM algorithms (called DS‐EM and MG‐EM) that perform haplotype inference based on “GenoSpectrum” of each individual obtained by double sampling and multi‐genotyping data. Both simulated data sets and a quasi real‐data set demonstrate that our proposed methods perform well in different situations and outperform the conventional EM algorithm and the HMM algorithm proposed by Sun, Greenwood, and Neal (2007,Genetic Epidemiology31, 937–948) when the genotype data sets have errors.
Understanding the mode of action of ThDP in benzoylformate decarboxylase
Authors: Topal Kevser Gocmen , Atilgan Canan , Demir Ayhan S. , Aviyente Viktorya 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe mechanism of all elementary steps involved in the catalytic cycle of benzoylformate decarboxylase (BFD, E.C. 4.1.1.7) to generate the acyloin linkage is investigated by extensive molecular dynamics simulations. Models involving different charge states of amino acids and/or mutants of critical residues were constructed to understand the involvement of the catalytically active residues and the reactivity differences between different substrates in this reaction. Our calculations confirm that H70, S26, and H281 are catalytically active amino acids. H281 functions as a base to accept Hdonor in the first nucleophilic attack and as an acid in the second, to donate the proton back to Oacceptor. S26 assists H281 in deprotonation of the donor aldehyde and protonation of the acceptor aldehyde. In both the first and second nucleophilic attacks, H70 interacts with Oaldehyde and aligns it toward the nucleophilic center. H70 has been found to have an electrostatic effect on the approaching aldehyde whose absence would block the initiation of the reaction. The reactivity difference between benzaldehyde (BA) and acetaldehyde (AA) is mainly explained by the steric interactions of the acceptor aldehyde with the surrounding amino acids in the active center of the enzyme. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 32–46, 2010.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Outcome of surgery for rectovaginal fistula due to Crohn's disease
Authors: Ruffolo C , Penninckx F , Van Assche G , Vermeire S , Rutgeerts P , Coremans G , D'Hoore A 
Published: August 2009

Abstract

Background
This study examined the outcome of surgery for symptomatic Crohn's rectovaginal fistula (RVF) and assessed the effect of therapy with antibody against tumour necrosis factor (TNF) on healing.

Methods
Fifty-six patients with Crohn's disease underwent surgery for a RVF between January 1993 and December 2006. Outcome analysis was performed in February 2008 in relation to the surgical procedures used and the effect of anti-TNF treatment.

Results
Four patients with a healed fistula still had a stoma at final follow-up for other reasons and were excluded from the analysis. Fistula closure was achieved in 81 per cent of the remaining 52 patients. Primary and secondary surgical success rates were 56 and 57 per cent respectively. The primary healing rate was similar in patients who received anti-TNF treatment before the first operation (12 of 18 patients) and those who did not (19 of 34). In univariable analysis, duration of Crohn's disease (P = 0·037) and previous extended colonic resection (P &lt; 0·001) were significantly related to failure of primary surgery, but only the latter remained significant in multivariable analysis (P &lt; 0·001). Late recurrence developed in four patients.

Conclusion
Fistula closure was achieved in most patients, but more than one operation was often required.
A computer‐based testing system to evaluate protective relays as a tool in power system protection education
Authors: Martins L. Sousa , Fortunato Carlos , Pires V. Fernão 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTeaching power system relaying is a fundamental issue in a power system high‐level course. However, for an effective instruction of this topic an experience with real equipments can be considered as fundamental. To achieve this purpose, in this paper a new approach for the practical learning of power system relaying is presented. This consists of a computer‐based testing system of relay‐operating characteristic. Different relay types and developed specific software are also an important piece of the laboratory practice. Using this system it is possible to understand the performance and limitations of different protective relay systems and to test a real relay disoperation. The benefit of using this system is not available through traditional lectures and textbooks. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 19–28, 2012
A Solid‐Supported Organocatalyst for Highly Stereoselective, Batch, and Continuous‐Flow Mannich Reactions
Authors: Alza Esther , Rodríguez‐Escrich Carles , Sayalero Sonia , Bastero Amaia , Pericàs Miquel A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe fast and highly stereoselective Mannich reaction of aldehydes and ketones with the N‐(p‐methoxyphenyl) ethyl glyoxylate imine catalyzed by polystyrene resins functionalized with (2S,4R)‐hydroxyproline is reported. The effect of the nature of the linker connecting proline with the polymeric backbone has been studied, and a 1,2,3‐triazole linker constructed from azidomethyl polystyrene and O‐propargyl hydroxyproline turns out to be optimal for catalytic activity and enantioselectivity. With aldehyde donors, fast reactions leading to complete conversion in 1–3 h are recorded in DMF. With ketone donors, the reactions tend to be slower, but can be efficiently accelerated (six‐membered ring cycloalkanones) by low‐power microwave irradiation. This approach, which greatly facilitates product isolation since the catalyst is removed by simple filtration, has allowed the implementation of the reactions of aldehyde substrates in a continuous‐flow, single‐pass system. In this manner, the continuous synthesis of the enantiomerically and diastereomerically pure adducts (syn/anti>97:3; ee>99 %) has been achieved at room temperature with residence times of 6.0 min. This methodology has allowed for the preparation of up to 7.8 mmol of the desired Mannich adduct through the use of 0.46 mmol of catalytic resin (5.9 mol %), in a greatly simplified experimental protocol that avoids purification steps.
Deprotonative Metalation of Functionalized Aromatics Using Mixed Lithium–Cadmium, Lithium–Indium, and Lithium–Zinc Species
Authors: Snégaroff Katia , L'Helgoual'ch Jean‐Martial , Bentabed‐Ababsa Ghenia , Nguyen Tan Tai , Chevallier Floris , Yonehara Mitsuhiro , Uchiyama Masanobu , Derdour Aïcha , Mongin Florence 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn situ mixtures of CdCl2⋅TMEDA (0.5 equiv; TMEDA=N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine) or InCl3 (0.33 equiv) with [Li(tmp)] (tmp=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidino; 1.5 or 1.3 equiv, respectively) were compared with the previously described mixture of ZnCl2⋅TMEDA (0.5 equiv) and [Li(tmp)] (1.5 equiv) for their ability to deprotonate anisole, benzothiazole, and pyrimidine. [(tmp)3CdLi] proved to be the best base when used in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature, as demonstrated by subsequent trapping with iodine. The Cd–Li base then proved suitable for the metalation of a large range of aromatics including benzenes bearing reactive functional groups (CONEt2, CO2Me, CN, COPh) or heavy halogens (Br, I), and heterocycles (from the furan, thiophene, pyrrole, oxazole, thiazole, pyridine, and diazine series). Five‐membered heterocycles benefiting from doubly activated positions were similarly dideprotonated at room temperature. The aromatic lithium cadmates thus obtained were involved in palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions or simply quenched with acid chlorides.
Comparison of Prognostic Value of Different Risk Score Methods on Outcome of Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Zhong Bin , Liu Zengzhang , Su Li , Lan Xianbin , Chen Yunqing , Ling Zhiyu , Du Huaan , Yin Yuehui 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade (TFG) was a gold standard for comparison of the various methods of evaluating the efficacy of reperfusion, and risk score was a pragmatic method of risk stratification and evaluation of prognosis for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, it is uncertain whether or not the prognostic value of combining risk score and TFG on outcome of acute coronary syndrome could be improved.Materials and MethodsA total of 279 consecutive patients with ACS (mean age 67.57 ± 9.88 years, 69.2% male) admitted to our hospital were enrolled. Clinical risk score, TFG, and combined risk score were calculated. The primary endpoint of this study included cardiac death and noncardiac death; the secondary endpoint included nonfatal stroke, reinfarction, heart failure, and recurrent angina.ResultsDuring the follow‐up of 11.41 ± 5.33 months, 11 patients reached the primary endpoint, and 23 patients reached the secondary endpoint. The prognostic values evaluated by composite endpoint, primary endpoint, and secondary endpoint were 0.722, 0.685, and 0.721, respectively, for clinical risk score they were 0.774, 0.798, and 0.737, respectively, for TFG they were 0.805, 0.808, and 0.776, respectively, for combined risk score. In pair‐wise comparisons of prognostic values, there were no significant differences among these methods, except that the combined risk score can more accurately predict the composite endpoint than the others.ConclusionThe results suggest that the combined risk score is a simple and efficient method of prediction of composite endpoint. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diabetes and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Men: Trends in Prevalence, Mortality, and Effect of Concomitant Coronary Disease
Authors: Kamalesh Masoor , Shen Jianzhao 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundRecent data on trends in diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence and long‐term effect on mortality in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) subjects is lacking.MethodsAll subjects discharged from any VA medical center between October 1990 to September 1997 with an International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐9 code for PAD and DM in the discharge summary were retrospectively identified. Demographic data were extracted from the database. Mortality data were obtained from the Beneficiary Information and Resource Locator. Outcome measures were age specific DM prevalence over time, and short‐term and long‐term mortality.ResultsOf 33, 629 patients with PAD, 9474 (29%) had DM. Diabetes mellitus subjects were less likely to be white and had more comorbidities. Mean length of hospital stay was greater for DM (22.3 d vs 18.7 days, P < 0.001). Mortality was higher for DM at 180 days (9.8% vs 8.4%, P < 0.001), 1 year (16.4% vs 13.7%, P < 0.001), and continues to increase at 8 years of follow‐up. Logistic regression analysis showed no interaction between DM and coronary artery disease (CAD).ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus increases all‐cause mortality in subjects with PAD starting at 6 months post‐discharge and continues to be higher even at 8 years of follow‐up. There was a lack of interaction of DM and CAD on mortality in this cohort of subjects with PAD. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐Term Prognosis of Non‐Interventionally Followed Patients with Isolated Myocardial Bridge and Severe Systolic Compression of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery
Authors: Ural Ertan , Bildirici Ulas , Çelikyurt Umut , Kilic Teoman , Sahin Tayfun , Acar Eser , Kahraman Göksel , Ural Dilek 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the long‐term prognosis of non‐interventionally followed patients with myocardial bridge and angiographic milking of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery.MethodsAll of the coronary angiography records from May 2000 to November 2007 were reevaluated and patients who had more than 70% narrowing during systole on LAD were eligible for the present study. Follow‐up was carried out by physical examination, echocardiography, and treadmill exercise testing. The clinical situations of the patients, medical treatment at the time of follow‐up, and experienced events (death, myocardial infarction, or revascularization) were recorded.ResultsThere were 59 eligible patients (44 male, 74.6%). The mean age of the patients was 54 ± 11 years. The bridges were located in the proximal, mid, and distal portion of the LAD in 17 (28.8%), 20 (33.9%), and 22 (37.3%) patients, respectively. Distributions of the narrowing degree were as follows: between 70% to 89% in 33 (56%) patients and 90% to 100% in 26 (44%) patients. Mean follow‐up duration of the group was 37 ± 13 months (range 15–65 mo). The clinical presentation during follow‐up was stable angina in 9 (15.3%) cases, atypical angina in 12 (20.3%), atypical chest pain in 13 (22%), dyspnea in 3 (5.1%), and syncope in 3 (5.1%) cases. There were no experienced events and/or hospitalizations related to cardiac disease. Echocardiographic examination revealed normal systolic ventricular function. Only 17 (28.8%) patients continued to use medication. Most of them were on β‐blocker therapy.ConclusionPatients with myocardial bridges and angiographic milking of the LAD coronary artery have a good long‐term prognosis. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Long‐Term Risk of Stroke in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated with New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Milika Asanin R. , Zorana Vasiljevic M. , Mihailo Matic D. , Igor Mrdovic B. , Jovan Perunicic P. , Danica Matic P. , Bosiljka Vujisic‐Tesic D. , Sanja Stankovic Dj. , Dragan Matic M. , Miodrag Ostojic C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term risk of stroke after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated with new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the long‐term risk of AF and stroke in patients with AMI complicated with new‐onset AF.MethodsPatients with AMI complicated with new‐onset AF (n = 260) and those without new‐onset AF (n = 292) were followed for a mean of 7 years. All patients had sinus rhythm at hospital discharge.ResultsDuring the follow‐up, AMI patients with new‐onset AF had more frequent AF than those without new‐onset AF (10.4% vs 2.7%, respectively; P < 0.0001). New‐onset AF during AMI was a significant predictor of subsequent AF occurrence (the time elapsing between 2 consecutive R waves [RR] = 3.15, P = 0.004); but AF recurrence in follow‐up (RR = 5.08, P = 0.001) and non‐anticoagulation at discharge (RR = 0.29, P = 0.008) were independent predictors of stroke (Cox regression analysis). A period of 3.5 hours of AF within the first 48 hours of AMI was the high sensitivity cut‐off level for the prediction of low long‐term risk of stroke obtained by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Among patients who did not receive anticoagulants at discharge, the patients with short AF did not experience stroke and AF recurrence during follow‐up, while those in the other group developed it (10.8%, P = 0.038 and 13.5%, P = 0.019, respectively).ConclusionNew‐onset AF during AMI identifies the patients at long‐term risk for stroke who may potentially benefit from anticoagulant therapy. Atrial fibrillation recurrence in follow‐up was independently related to the development of stroke. However, for low‐risk patients with AF (those with short AF occurring early in AMI) long‐term anticoagulants might not be required. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parallelized and pipelined hardware implementation of computationally expensive prediction filters
Authors: Gracia Luis , Perez‐Vidal Carlos 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper parallelization and segmentation methodologies are used to obtain a real‐time (RT) implementation of computationally expensive estimators or filters in an FPGA. First, the filter to be applied is briefly described, and afterwards its hardware structure and VHDL implementation are indicated. A comparative study is performed between the FPGA parallelized implementation and the implementation in a sequential processor. The analysis proves that the execution times measured on the FPGA are considerably lower, making that implementation valid for its use in RT systems. Moreover, several experimental results are shown for a visual servoing application in order to evidence the good performance of the proposed algorithms and implementations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.