bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of the Chinese version of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and narcolepsy
Authors: Yang Chien‐Ming , Huang Yu‐Shu , Song Yu‐Chen 
Published: February 2010

Aim:  The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) and the utility of the PDSS as a screening tool for pathological daytime sleepiness in teenagers with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and narcolepsy.Methods:  The PDSS was first administered to 238 middle and high school students to assess the reliability of the scale, and then administered to 28 teenagers with OSA, 31 teenagers with narcolepsy, and 34 normal controls to evaluate its clinical utility.Results:  Test–retest reliability and internal consistency were acceptable. The PDSS scores were significantly higher in narcoleptic subjects than in subjects with OSA, and higher in OSA syndrome (OSAS) subjects than normal controls. Furthermore, the scores decreased in narcoleptic subjects after medical treatment. Both reliability and validity were proven to be good. As a screening tool for narcolepsy, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the PDSS, with a cut‐off score of 16/17, had good sensitivity (87.1%) and fair specificity (74.3%) for identifying individuals with narcolepsy. When used for screening OSA, however, the differentiating power was not as good.Conclusion:  The PDSS is a reliable and valid tool for the measurement of sleepiness in clinical youth populations. When used as a screening tool, it is useful for sleep disorders involving more severe pathological sleepiness, as in narcolepsy.
Clinical efficacy of individual cognitive behavior therapy for psychophysiological insomnia in 20 outpatients
Authors: Sato Miki , Yamadera Wataru , Matsushima Masato , Itoh Hiroshi , Nakayama Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2010

Aim:  Twenty patients (14 of them women) suffering from psychophysiological insomnia (PPI) were enrolled for cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The mean age of the patients was 56.9 years, and the mean duration of insomnia morbidity was 8.9 years. Each received individual combined CBT treatments consisting of stimulus control, sleep reduction, cognitive therapy and sleep hygiene education over a period of 1 month.Methods:  Just before the CBT and after its completion, sleep measurements were conducted that involved (i) sleep logs, Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); (ii) actigraphy measurement; (iii) dissociation between subjective and objective evaluation of sleep calculated from sleep logs and actigraphy results; and (iv) correlation between DBAS and the aforementioned sleep parameters. Because the intention was to focus on patients' incorrect cognition about sleep, the definition ‘changes in dissociation between the sleep log and actigraphically measured sleep’ was used as the primary outcome and ‘changes in DBAS score’ as the secondary outcome.Results:  After the CBT the following was found: (i) underestimation by PPI patients of the objective evaluation of sleep; (ii) a decrease in the dissociation between the subjective and objective evaluation of sleep; (iii) improvement of the DBAS; and (iv) improvement of sleep logs and actigraphy measurements. Moreover, there was a correlation between the improvement of PSQI, sleep logs and DBAS.Conclusion:  CBT for insomnia is able to redress incorrect cognition about sleep, leading to improvement of the disorder.
ADVANCE DIRECTIVES IN THE NETHERLANDS: AN EMPIRICAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE EXPLORATION OF A CROSS‐CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE ON ADVANCE DIRECTIVES
Authors: VAN WIJMEN MATTHIJS P.S. , RURUP METTE L. , PASMAN H. ROELINE W. , KASPERS PAM J. , ONWUTEAKA‐PHILIPSEN BREGJE D. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTResearch Objective: This study focuses on ADs in the Netherlands and introduces a cross‐cultural perspective by comparing it with other countries.Methods: A questionnaire was sent to a panel comprising 1621 people representative of the Dutch population. The response was 86%.Results: 95% of the respondents didn't have an AD, and 24% of these were not familiar with the idea of drawing up an AD. Most of those familiar with ADs knew about the Advanced Euthanasia Directive (AED, 64%). Both low education and the presence of a religious conviction that plays an important role in one's life increase the chance of not wanting to draw up an AD. Also not having experienced a request for euthanasia from someone else, and the inconceivability of asking for euthanasia yourself, increase the chance of not wanting to draw up an AD.Discussion: This study shows that the subjects of palliative care and end‐of‐life‐decision‐making were very much dominated by the issue of euthanasia in the Netherlands. The AED was the best known AD; and factors that can be linked to euthanasia play an important role in whether or not people choose to draw up an AD. This differentiates the Netherlands from other countries and, when it comes to ADs, the global differences between countries and cultures are still so large that the highest possible goals, at this moment in time, are observing and possibly learning from other cultural settings.
‘VAGUE OVIEDO’: AUTONOMY, CULTURE AND THE CASE OF PREVIOUSLY COMPETENT PATIENTS
Authors: PASCALEV ASSYA , VIDALIS TAKIS 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThe paper examines the ethical and legal challenges of making decisions for previously competent patients and the role of advance directives and legal representatives in light of the Oviedo Convention. The paper identifies gaps in the Convention that result in conflicting instructions in cases of a disagreement between the expressed prior wishes of a patient, and the legal representative. The authors also examine the legal and moral status of informally expressed prior wishes of patients unable to consent. The authors argue that positivist legal reasoning is insufficient for a consistent interpretation of the relevant provisions of the Convention and argue that ethical argumentation is needed to provide guidance in such cases. Based on the ethical arguments, the authors propose a way of reconciling the apparent inconsistencies in the Oviedo Convention. They advance a culturally sensitive approach to the application of the Convention at the national level. This approach understands autonomy as a broader, relational consent and emphasizes the social and cultural embeddedness of the individual. Based on their approach, the authors argue that there exists a moral obligation to respect the prior wishes of the patient even in countries without advance directives. Yet it should be left to the national legislations to determine the extent of this obligation and its concrete forms.
A facilitative effect of negative affective valence on working memory
Authors: GOTOH FUMIKO , KIKUCHI TADASHI , OLOFSSON ULRICH 
Published: February 2010

Gotoh, F., Kikuchi, T. &Olofsson, U. (2010). A facilitative effect of negative affective valence on working memory. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 185–191.Previous studies have shown that negatively valenced information impaired working memory performance due to an attention‐capturing effect. The present study examined whether negative valence could also facilitate working memory. Affective words (negative, neutral, positive) were used as retro‐cues in a working memory task that required participants to remember colors at different spatial locations on a computer screen. Following the cue, a target detection task was used to either shift attention to a different location or keep attention at the same location as the retro‐cue. Finally, participants were required to discriminate the cued color from a set of distractors. It was found that negative cues yielded shorter response times (RTs) in the attention‐shift condition and longer RTs in the attention‐stay condition, compared with neutral and positive cues. The results suggest that negative affective valence may enhance working memory performance (RTs), provided that attention can be disengaged.
Effectiveness in top management group meetings: The role of goal clarity, focused communication, and learning behavior
Authors: BANG HENNING , FUGLESANG SYNNE L. , OVESEN MARIANN R. , EILERTSEN DAG ERIK 
Published: February 2010

Bang, H., Fuglesang, S. L., Ovesen, M. R. & Eilertsen, D. E. (2010). Effectiveness in top management group meetings: The role of goal clarity, focused communication, and learning behavior. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 253–261.To explore the relationship between goal clarity, focused communication, learning behavior, and team effectiveness (i.e., task performance, relationship quality, and member satisfaction), self‐report and observer data from eight top management groups that processed 56 agenda items during meetings were analyzed. We found that goal clarity and focused communication was positively related to team effectiveness. The effect of goal clarity on team effectiveness was partially mediated by focused communication. Speaking up when a goal was unclear increased focused communication, task performance and relationship quality. Speaking up when the discussion was off track was not related to task performance and member satisfaction, and was negatively related to relationship quality. These findings have implications for how to conduct an effective management meeting.
Anger and hostility from the perspective of the Big Five personality model
Authors: SANZ JESÚS , GARCÍA‐VERA MARÍA PAZ , MAGÁN INÉS 
Published: February 2010

Sanz, J., García‐Vera, M. P. & Magán, I. (2010). Anger and hostility from the perspective of the Big Five personality model. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 262–270.This study was aimed at examining the relationships of the personality dimensions of the five‐factor model or Big Five with trait anger and with two specific traits of hostility (mistrust and confrontational attitude), and identifying the similarities and differences between trait anger and hostility in the framework of the Big Five. In a sample of 353 male and female adults, the Big Five explained a significant percentage of individual differences in trait anger and hostility after controlling the effects due to the relationship between both constructs and content overlapping across scales. In addition, trait anger was primarily associated with neuroticism, whereas mistrust and confrontational attitude were principally related to low agreeableness. These findings are discussed in the context of the anger‐hostility‐aggression syndrome and the capability of the Big Five for organizing and clarifying related personality constructs.
‘Sad, just sad’: a woman with a learning disability experiencing bereavement
Authors: Campbell Alison , Bell Dorothy 
Published: February 2010

Accessible summary

This is the story of how we helped a lady with a learning disability whose mother had died.
We know it is difficult for people to talk about death and we know that it can be very difficult to talk to a person with a learning disability about death.
We talk about how we worked with this lady and her carers to help her to cope with her mother’s death.
We worked with this lady for eight sessions during 3 months.

SummaryThis case study considers the psychological assessment, formulation and treatment of Hannah, a woman with a learning disability who recently experienced the death of her mother. Death still remains a challenging and often taboo subject. Moreover, when the grief is of a person with a learning disability, this combines with underlying difficulties in understanding the emotions of death and leads to an increased risk of behavioural and emotional issues. The assessment process is described; in particular the process with those involved in Hannah’s care. The interventions used to assist Hannah in the bereavement process are also set out and took place during eight sessions over a 3 month period. A discussion and critical review of the case follows.
Should we refer for a dementia assessment? A checklist to help know when to be concerned about dementia in adults with Down syndrome and other intellectual disabilities
Authors: Whitwham Sarah , McBrien Judith , Broom Wendy 
Published: February 2010

Accessible summary

Care staff for people with learning disabilities sometimes need help to know when to ask for help when a resident has a problem with his or her memory.
We’ve made an easy checklist to help them know when to ask for extra help.
We hope it will speed up finding out whether people have dementia so we can offer the best help possible.
It seems to be really useful and we’d like to do more research in the future.

SummaryThe aim of this research was to develop a simple screening checklist to help carers and professionals know when to make a referral for a dementia assessment. A checklist was completed for all new referrals to a dementia service for people with intellectual disabilities. The obtained scores were compared to the diagnostic outcome of a comprehensive dementia assessment. The data (n = 159) indicate a higher score on the checklist correlates significantly with a subsequent diagnosis of dementia. Cut‐off scores are explored. The checklist appears to be a useful tool to prompt referrals for a full dementia assessment. By helping the referrer to know when to be concerned about dementia, it may reduce the number of people referred late or not at all.
Single‐Principle Versus Multi‐Principles Approaches in Bioethics
Authors: HEINRICHS BERT 
Published: February 2010

abstractThe so‐called Principlism of Beauchamp and Childress is one of the most prominent approaches in bioethics. It has, nevertheless, given rise to an ongoing debate on methodology in bioethics. At the bottom of this debate lies the question whether a multi‐principles approach or a single‐principle approach is more convincing in bioethics. In this paper I shall propose a ‘third way’ of bioethical reasoning that is committed neither to a multi‐principles nor to a single‐principle approach. In contrast, I will take up the Kantian differentiation of formal and material principles. This differentiation permits combining the strengths of multi‐principles as well as of single‐principle approaches.
Sentientism, Wellbeing, and Environmentalism
Authors: RODOGNO RAFFAELE 
Published: February 2010

abstractIn this article, I wish to explore a plausible alternative to both sentientist ethics and holistic environmental ethics. In particular, I put forward the claim that creatures other than sentient ones have interests and, in virtue of that, moral standing. This thesis is in disagreement with sentientism insofar as it claims that sentience is not a prerequisite for moral consideration. Radical as it may sound, this view does not take us as far as the holism favoured by some environmentalists. In particular, on this view, the interests of collectives such as ecosystems and species are a positive function of the interests of the entities that make them up rather than something of an entirely different kind. Collectives are not the direct object of moral consideration.
European Governance: Negotiation and Competition in the Shadow of Hierarchy
Authors: BÖRZEL TANJA 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article argues that the ‘nature of the EU beast’ is neither unique nor captured by a particular type of governance. Like its Member States, the EU features a combination of different forms of governance that cover the entire range between market and hierarchy. The analysis of this governance mix reveals several characteristics of the EU that have been largely overlooked in the literature. First, the EU relies heavily on hierarchy in the making of its policies. Its supranational institutions allow for the adoption and enforcement of legally binding decisions without the consent of (individual) Member States. Second, network governance, which systematically involves private actors, is hard to find. EU policies are largely formulated and implemented by public actors. Third, political competition has gained importance in European governance. Member States increasingly resort to mutual recognition and the open method of co‐ordination where their heterogeneity renders harmonization difficult. The article shows that the EU mainly governs through inter‐ and transgovernmental negotiations and political competition between states and regions. Both forms of public‐actor‐based governance operate in the shadow of hierarchy cast by supranational institutions. This governance mix does not render the EU unique but still distinguishes it from both international institutions and national states.
Explaining Non‐Compliance with European Union Procurement Directives: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
Authors: GELDERMAN KEES , GHIJSEN PAUL , SCHOONEN JORDIE 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSince their adoption in the 1970s, compliance with European Union (EU) procurement directives has been problematic. Many studies have reported on the effectiveness of the directives, mostly in terms of the impact on the openness of public procurement and the impact on cross‐border trade. However, research on the explanation (or the lack) of compliance with EU directives is limited. This article identifies the directives which are most sensitive to non‐compliance. A multidisciplinary model for explaining compliance is presented, drawing from criminal theory, economics, social psychology and public purchasing. The impact on compliance is quantified, using survey data from purchasing professionals of the Dutch Ministry of Defence. The results indicate that both the expected gains of compliance and the organizational pressure have a positive impact on compliance. In contrast, no support is found for the effect of certainty and severity of sanctions and the perceived resistance of suppliers in case of non‐compliance.
Benchmarking Europe's Lab Benches: How Successful has the OMC been in Research Policy?
Authors: MCGUINNESS NINA , O'CARROLL CONOR 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article traces the progress of the open method of co‐ordination in research policy, and examines one of its strands, the Mobility Strategy, as a ‘best practice’ OMC. Despite the critical analyses it has received to date, we argue that the OMC has shown the potential to impact on national systems and achieve convergence, albeit not necessarily of a quantitative kind. Under the Ljubljana Process, the OMC has been confirmed as the central method of governance to further develop the European research area and here we put forward several recommendations for its future application.
How are the Eurosystem's Monetary Policy Decisions Prepared? A Roadmap
Authors: JUNG ALEXANDER , MONGELLI FRANCESCO PAOLO , MOUTOT PHILIPPE 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe monetary policy framework of the Eurosystem has received considerable attention in recent years: there is a well‐established and rich literature on the price stability objective, as well as the two‐pillar strategy of the ECB. This is less the case for the regular monetary policy preparations and the decision‐making process. This article provides an insider's roadmap to the procedures to prepare monetary policy decisions by the Governing Council of the ECB. The architecture of the Eurosystem permits the processing and analysis of a vast amount of national and aggregate economic, financial and monetary data and assists the Governing Council in taking monetary policy decisions – and this each month. Our aim is to describe the role of a variety of committees and sub‐committees that prepare and support the monetary policy decision‐making process. A federal organization is at the heart of this process. At the top of the pyramid of information there is a two‐tiered committee structure with the Executive Board taking the lead in bringing together most of the economic, financial and monetary analyses, and the Governing Council utilizing that information, for its monthly economic and monetary analyses.
The 2007–13 Financial Perspective: Domination of National Interests
Authors: RANT VASJA , MRAK MOJMIR 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article confirms the validity of the hypothesis that national interests were the driving force behind the process and outcome of negotiations for the EU's next financial perspective for 2007–13. The hypothesis is tested by comparing hypothetical coalitions based on quantified national interests (partial net budgetary balances) and the actual (documented) coalitions. Based on these results, the article also discusses implications of the ‘net balances problem’ for the 2008/09 EU budget review.
Remapping social inequalities in an age of climate change: for a cosmopolitan renewal of sociology*
Authors: BECK ULRICH 
Published: February 2010

AbstractClimate change globalizes and radicalizes social inequality; it exacerbates inequalities of rich and poor, core and periphery, and at the same time dissolves them in the face of a common threat to humanity. Climate change combines with the inequalities arising from globalization, decoupling the producers and subjects of risk. Remapping inequality in the age of climate change and globalization therefore requires taking account of the unbounding of both equality and inequality, and an awareness of the end of the opposition between society and nature, one of the founding principles of sociology. The article outlines four theses of inequality, climate change and globalization, and concludes with the question: what does a cosmopolitan renewal of the social sciences mean and how will it be possible?
Development of a novel therapy for Lipo‐oligosaccharide‐induced experimental neuritis: use of peptide glycomimics
Authors: Usuki Seigo , Taguchi Kyoji , Gu Yi‐Hua , Thompson Stuart A. , Yu Robert K. 
Published: February 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 113, 351–362.AbstractRecent etiological studies have revealed that molecular mimicry between the lipo‐oligosaccharide (LOS) component of Campylobacter jejuni and gangliosides of peripheral nervous system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). Previously, we demonstrated GD3 ganglioside molecular mimicry in a model of GBS in Lewis rats by sensitization with GD3‐like LOS (LOSGD3) from C. jejuni. Since the neuropathophysiological consequences were due largely to the anti‐GD3‐like antibodies, we subsequently focused our effort upon eliminating the pathogenic antibodies using several strategies to mimic GD3 in this model. Here, we have validated this strategy by the use of peptide glycomimics based on epitopic mimicry between carbohydrates and peptides. We treated rats by i.p. administration of phage‐displayed GD3‐like peptides. One GD3‐like peptide (PGD3‐4; RHAYRSMAEWGFLYS) induced in treated rats a remarkable restoration of motor nerve functions, as evidenced by improved histopathology, rotarod performance, and motor nerve conduction velocity. PGD3‐4 effectively decreased the titer of anti‐GD3/anti‐LOSGD3 antibodies and ameliorated peripheral nerve dysfunction in the sera of treated rats. The data suggest that peptide glycomimics of ganglioside may be potential powerful reagents for therapeutic intervention in GBS by neutralizing specific pathogenic anti‐ganglioside antibodies.