bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary desmosine: A biomarker of structural lung injury during CF pulmonary exacerbation
Authors: Laguna Theresa A. , Wagner Brandie D. , Starcher Barry , Luckey Tarro Heidi K. , Mann Shelley A. , Sagel Scott D. , Accurso Frank J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRationaleCystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by structural changes and remodeling in airway architecture and lung parenchyma. Neutrophilic inflammation and infection lead to injury and breakdown of airway matrix constituents, including elastin. The non‐invasive measurement of urinary desmosine (UDes), a breakdown product of elastin, may be reflective of ongoing lung injury and may serve as a biomarker of active short‐term damage during pulmonary exacerbation. Our objectives were to measure desmosine in the urine of CF patients hospitalized for treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation and to explore the correlation between desmosine concentration and other markers of clinical improvement, including lung function and inflammatory mediators.MethodsUrine and blood samples plus lung function measurements were collected at up to three points during hospitalization for treatment of a CF pulmonary exacerbation. We used a repeated measures model, adjusted for age and time between measurements, to compare log transformed urine desmosine concentrations across multiple time points and to correlate those concentrations with related clinical variables. Change in UDes concentration was investigated using a statistical model that incorporated normalization factors to account for variations in urinary concentration.ResultsDesmosine was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 155 spot urine samples from 53 CF patients hospitalized for 63 pulmonary exacerbations (range of results: 0–235 pmol Des/ml). Specific gravity (SG) adjusted UDes concentration decreased significantly during admission for CF pulmonary exacerbation, P < 0.01 (average length of stay = 11 days). No correlation was observed between UDes concentration and lung function or inflammatory markers.ConclusionsUDes decreased significantly following treatment for an acute pulmonary exacerbation and may be a useful biomarker of short‐term injury to the CF lung. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the utility of UDes concentration in the long‐term progression of CF lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:856–863. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A patient with X‐linked dyskeratosis congenita presenting with bronchiolitis obliterans requiring lung transplantation and immunodeficiency
Authors: Goldfarb Samuel , Sullivan Kathleen E. , Jyonouchi Soma 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDyskeratosis congenita (DKC) is a syndrome characterized by immunodeficiency, bone marrow (BM) failure, somatic abnormalities, and predisposition to malignancy, resulting from mutations in proteins involved in maintenance of telomeres. Pulmonary fibrosis resulting in respiratory failure is a serious complication affecting approximately 20% of DKC patients. Pediatric pulmonologists should consider this diagnosis in patients with lung fibrosis and concurrent immunodeficiency or BM failure. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:91–93. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective unilateral lung ventilation in preterm infants with acquired bullous emphysema: A series of nine cases
Authors: Jakob André , Bender Christian , Henschen Matthias , Saueressig Ulrich , Uhl Markus , Krüger Marcus , Franck Peter , Hentschel Roland 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground and AimsImmature lungs of preterm infants are particularly prone to overdistension from mechanical ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure. In these infants a localized pulmonary emphysema (PE) can develop. Conventional therapy regimens to resolve this process sometimes fail and especially in the case of bullous emphysema (BE) invasive procedures such as surgical resection of the affected lobe ultimately may be required. In the past few years we have applied selective one‐sided lung ventilation, a nearly forgotten therapeutic option, in these infants with acquired BE.MethodsMedical charts of preterm infants in two Divisions of Neonatology, born between 1993 and 2010 with acquired BE treated with selective one‐sided ventilation were reviewed. Gestational age, clinical presentation, course of disease, associated treatment, duration of ventilation and outcome of one‐sided lung ventilation are recorded. Therapy was deemed successful if thereafter chest X‐ray showed a permanent resolution of the BE and, in case of BPD, lung appearance was comparable to a grade < III according to Weinstein [Weinstein et al. Pediatr Pulmonol 1994; 18: 284–289].ResultsOverall, nine preterm infants with a gestational age between 24 and 35 weeks and a birth weight between 500 and 3,170 g underwent one‐sided lung ventilation. This intervention was started between day 12 and day 35 after birth and was continued for 24 hr to 7 days. In three cases selective intubation was performed on the left side. Two patients needed a second course of one‐sided ventilation and one had three courses. Therapy was successful in seven patients, who had no recurrence of BE.ConclusionsSelective one‐sided intubation is technically challenging, in particular for the left bronchus, but seems to be feasible and helpful. If during selective intubation the affected lung lobe shows complete atelectasis for more than 48 hr the overdistension of airways probably will permanently resolve. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:14–19. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
6 cmH2O continuous positive airway pressure versus conventional oxygen therapy in severe viral bronchiolitis: A randomized trial
Authors: Milési Christophe , Matecki Stefan , Jaber Samir , Mura Thibaut , Jacquot Aurélien , Pidoux Odile , Chautemps Nathalie , Novais Aline Rideau Batista , Combes Clémentine , Picaud Jean‐Charles , Cambonie Gilles 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) and conventional oxygen therapy on the clinical signs of respiratory distress and the respiratory muscle workload in acute viral bronchiolitis.DesignProspective, randomized, monocentric study carried out in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a university hospital.PatientsInfants <6 months old, admitted to the PICU with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.InterventionThe patients were randomized into two groups for 6 hr. The nCPAP group (n = 10) received 6 cmH2O pressure support delivered by a jet flow generator and the control group (n = 9) received an air/oxygen mixture from a heated humidifier. Respiratory distress was assessed by the modified Wood's clinical asthma score (m‐WCAS), and inspiratory muscle work was evaluated by calculating the pressure–time product per breath (PTPinsp/breath) and per minute (PTPinsp/min) from the esophageal pressure (Pes) recordings.Measurements and Main ResultsCompared with control condition, nCPAP decreased m‐WCAS [−2.4 (1.05) vs. −0.5 (1.3), P = 0.03], PTPesinsp/breath [−9.7 (5.7) vs. −1.4 (8.2), P = 0.04], PTPesinsp/min [−666 (402) vs. −116 (352), P = 0.015], and FiO2 [−7 (10) vs. +5 (15), P = 0.05]. Significant worsening of m‐WCAS was only observed in the control group (4/9 vs. 0/10, P = 0.03).ConclusionsnCPAP rapidly decreased inspiratory work in young infants with acute bronchiolitis. Improvement in the respiratory distress score at 6 hr was proportional to the initial clinical severity, suggesting the importance of rapid nCPAP initiation in the more severe forms of the disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:45–51. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nocturnal oxygen saturation in children with stable cystic fibrosis
Authors: van der Giessen Lianne , Bakker Marije , Joosten Koen , Hop Wim , Tiddens Harm 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundHypoxemia during sleep is a common finding in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients with more advanced lung disease. Nocturnal hypoxemia is associated with frequent awakenings and poor sleep quality. For children with CF, data of nocturnal oxygen saturation are sparse.ObjectiveTo assess the oxygen saturation profile during sleep in 25 clinically stable children with CF lung disease and to correlate these data with spirometry, cough frequency, sleep quality, and CT‐scan scores.MethodDuring two nights cough was recorded with a digital audio recorder in 25 clinically stable CF patients. In addition oxygen saturation was measured. The day following the recording spirometry was carried out. CT scores were obtained from the most recent routine CT scan.ResultsTwenty‐two patients were included in the study. Mean age (range) was 13 (6–18) years. Spirometry was FVC% 84 (range 52–114), FEV1% 77 (range 43–115), and FEF75% 50 (range 12–112). The mean SO2 was 95.6% for the first and 96.2% for the second night. Mean SO2 between the two nights correlated strongly (rs = 0.84, P < 0.001). Positive correlation was observed between mean SO2 of the two nights (mean × SO2) and FVC, FEV1 and FEF75. Correlations were found between mean × SO2 and the total CT score (rs = −0.45, P = 0.05) and the bronchiectasis subscore (rs = −0.48, P = 0.03).ConclusionNocturnal oxygen saturation in children with stable CF is lower than that in healthy children, and is correlated with lung function parameters and CT scores. Monitoring oxygen saturation during one night is sufficient to get a representative recording. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:1123–1130. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interpretation of pediatric lung function: Impact of ethnicity
Authors: Kirkby J. , Bonner R. , Lum S. , Bates P. , Morgan V. , Strunk R.C. , Kirkham F. , Sonnappa S. , Stocks J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRationaleTo evaluate the appropriateness of spirometric and plethysmographic reference equations in healthy young children according to ethnic origin.MethodsSpirometry data were collated in 400 healthy children (214 Black and 186 White) aged 6–12 years. Of these children, 68 Black and 115 White children also undertook plethysmography. Results were expressed as percent predicted according to commonly used equations for spirometry and plethysmography.ResultsBlack children had lower lung function for a given height compared to White children. The magnitude and direction of these differences varied according to specific outcome. In the studied age range (6–12 years) the ethnic‐specific Wang equations were adequate for spirometry (mean results approximating 100% predicted in both ethnic groups). By contrast, significant differences were found between observed and % predicted plethysmographic lung volumes according to published equations derived from White children: Among the Black children, function residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC) were on average, 14 and 6% lower than predicted, whereas mean residual volume (RV) and RV/TLC were 4 and 10% higher. Among White children, the Rosenthal equations gave the best fit, with the exception of FRC which was, on average, 9% lower than predicted.ConclusionSpirometry equations may suffice in Black children; however, interpretation of static lung volumes in Black children is limited due to inappropriate reference equations. More appropriate plethysmographic reference equations that are applicable to all ethnic groups across the entire age range are urgently needed. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:20–26. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bronchoscopy contributes to the clinical management of indigenous children newly diagnosed with bronchiectasis
Authors: Pizzutto Susan J. , Grimwood Keith , Bauert Paul , Schutz Kobi L. , Yerkovich Stephanie T. , Upham John W. , Chang Anne B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundSome pediatric centers perform flexible bronchoscopy (FB) routinely when bronchiectasis is suspected. However, there are no published data evaluating this practice.ObjectiveTo evaluate the contribution of FB and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to the initial management of children newly diagnosed with non‐cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis.MethodWe examined FB and BAL data collected prospectively in 56 children aged 0.8–9.8 years during initial investigations for bronchiectasis. Investigations contributed to management if any of the following were identified: (1) airway obstruction requiring additional intervention, (2) lower airway eosinophilia (BAL eosinophils >2.5%), or (3) BAL fluid culture >104 colony‐forming units/ml of a respiratory bacterial pathogen requiring change from usual empiric antibiotics.ResultsOf the 56 children undergoing FB, there were 25 occasions in 23 children where these procedures altered empiric treatment. Lower airway eosinophilia was identified in 19 (34%) children, BAL microbiology results led to antibiotic changes in 5 (9%) and an unsuspected foreign body was found in another (2%). Strongyloides serology was performed in 38 children, including 12 of the 19 with airway eosinophilia, and was positive in 5 of these 12 children (42%).ConclusionContrary to some expert recommendations that FB should only be performed when bronchiectasis is localized, our data suggest that FB with BAL should at least be included in the initial investigations of Indigenous children with non‐CF bronchiectasis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:67–73. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of spray volume on the deposition, viability and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes in a foliar spray on vegetables
Authors: Brusselman Eva , Beck Bert , Pollet Sabien , Temmerman Femke , Spanoghe Pieter , Moens Maurice , Nuyttens David 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Spray volume can influence the amount of free water on the leaf surface and subsequently the ability of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) to move. In this study, an investigation was made of the effect of spray volume (548, 730 and 1095 L ha−1) on the deposition, viability and infectivity of EPNs against Galleria mellonella on savoy cabbage, cauliflower and leek.RESULTS: Increasing spray volume decreased nematode deposition on 7.1 cm2 leek leaf discs at a 15° angle with the spray nozzle. Although the number of living nematodes observed on leek after 240 min of exposure was not significantly different between the low‐volume application (548 L ha−1) and the high‐volume application (1095 L ha−1), a greater infectivity was obtained in the latter application. The higher number of droplets deposited on the leek discs in the high‐volume application may have stimulated nematode movement. No significant effect of spray volume was observed on the relative deposition of Steinernema carpocapsae on the bottom side of cauliflower and savoy cabbage leaf discs. In spite of the low S. carpocapsae deposition on the bottom side of the savoy cabbage discs, high infectivity was obtained against G. mellonella. Using the lowest spray volume on savoy cabbage, infectivity decreased with increasing exposure time, while infectivity was not affected by exposure time when a spray volume of 730 L ha−1 or more was used.CONCLUSION: Spray volume is an important application parameter, as it affects nematode infectivity. Future research should investigate the effect of spray volume in the field and its influence on the effect of adjuvants. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential energy surfaces and properties of ICN− and ICN
Authors: McCoy Anne B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractICN and ICN− have been studied at the MR‐SO‐CISD level of theory with triple‐zeta basis sets for all three atoms. The potential surfaces for the ground states of ICN and ICN− as well as for the first five excited states of ICN− have been generated from the electronic energies, and properties of these states are described. The minimum energy geometry of ICN− is linear, with a local minimum in the INC− geometry. The zero‐point corrected energy difference between these two isomers is 0.38 eV, and they are separated by a 0.5 eV barrier. The I···CN(COM) equilibrium distances are 3.27 and 3.14 Å in the ICN− and INC− geometries, respectively. These values are 0.6 Å larger than the I···CN distances in the corresponding minima in the ICN potential. Likewise, the zero‐point amplitude of both the I···CN stretch and bend are much larger in ICN− than in ICN. This is captured by the calculated anharmonic fundamental frequencies for ICN− of 70 and 235 cm−1 for the bend and stretch, compared to anharmonic frequencies of 302 and 488 cm−1 for the bend and stretch fundamentals in ICN. The frequencies are lowered further in INC− where the bend and stretch fundamentals have frequencies of 59 and 220 cm−1. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical investigation for the stability of the concave‐bound cyclopentadienyl iron complex of sumanene
Authors: Okumura Mitsutaka , Nakanishi Yasuyuki , Kinoshita Keiji , Yamada Satoru , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Kawakami Takashi , Yamanaka Shunsuke , Amaya Toru , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRecently, Hirao and coworkers have reported the synthesis of cyclopentadienyl iron complexes of sumanene. From their experimental works, it was found that the concave‐bound cyclopentadienyl iron complex of sumanene was only obtained in the crystal prepared. Conversely, theoretical calculations showed the convex‐bound cyclopentadienyl iron complex of sumanene was relatively stable than the concave‐bound one. Thus, there is a confliction between the experimental and theoretical research results. To solve this problem, the density functional theory calculations were carried out for the several types of cyclopentadienyl iron complexes with/without AlCl ion. These calculations suggest that AlCl ion plays an important role for the stabilization of the concave‐bound cyclopentadienyl iron complex of sumanene. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DFT calculations of the redox potentials for the nitrosyl complexes [Fe2(μ‐RS)2(NO)4] with R = alkyl
Authors: Emel'yanova Nina S. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Sanina Nataliya A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe redox potentials of alkyl substituted Roussin's red esters in tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile were studied using the density functional theory. The geometry and electronic structures of monoanions of Roussin's red esters [Fe2(μ‐RS)2(NO)4]− (R = Me, Et, i‐Pr, t‐Bu) together with their redox potentials in solutions have been computed using GGA (BP86,PBE, BLYP), meta‐GGA (TPSS), hybrid‐GGA (B3LYP), and meta‐hybrid GGA (BMK, B1B95) combined with 6‐311++G**//6‐31G* and tzvp basis set. The BP86 functional provides excellent agreement with experiment, whereas B3LYP requires some correlation, which makes it possible to estimate the redox potentials of related complexes, intermediate, or unstable. In particular, a redox potential of the complex with R = Ph, a perspective anticancer drug, has been evaluated for several solvents. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Charge transfer in composites “dielectric + metal nanoparticles”: Effect of electric and magnetic fields
Authors: Kozhushner Mortko , Trakhtenberg Leonid 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTheory of tunneling conductivity in metal‐containing nanocomposites has been developed. Three regimes of charge transport, corresponding to weak, strong, and super‐strong applied electric fields were found to be characterized by different dependences of the nanocomposite's conductivity on the applied electric field and temperature. In the absence of external electric field, the metal nanoparticles become charged due to tunneling jumps between them. In case of weak electric field, the statistical distribution of positive and negative charges on nanoparticles is in quasi‐equilibrium, and these charges make the dominant contribution to the charge transport. In the opposite case of strong and super‐strong electric fields, the charge transfer consists of jumps of the electrons between neutral adjacent nanoparticles. In the strong field case, once the charges are created, they jump along or against electric field thus creating cumulative elementary charge displacement. The distribution of interparticle distances is derived based on distribution of their radii. This allows us to calculate the total tunneling current through the composite film as the function of the temperature and concentration of the nanoparticles. The magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic nanocomposites was found to be the same in cases of weak and super‐strong electric fields, but differs from that in the strong field. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extremal subgraphs of random graphs
Authors: Brightwell Graham , Panagiotou Konstantinos , Steger Angelika 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe prove that there is a constant c > 0, such that whenever p ≥ n‐c, with probability tending to 1 when n goes to infinity, every maximum triangle‐free subgraph of the random graph Gn,p is bipartite. This answers a question of Babai, Simonovits and Spencer (Babai et al., J Graph Theory 14 (1990) 599–622). The proof is based on a tool of independent interest: we show, for instance, that the maximum cut of almost all graphs with M edges, where M ≫ n and M ≤
$(\matrix{ n \cr 2 \cr } )$
/2, is “nearly unique”. More precisely, given a maximum cut C of Gn,M, we can obtain all maximum cuts by moving at most \documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{n^3/M})\end{align*}\end{document}
vertices between the parts of C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2012
Optical Nanomanipulations of Malignant Cells: Controlled Cell Damage and Fusion
Authors: Minai Limor , Yeheskely‐Hayon Daniella , Golan Lior , Bisker Gili , Dann Eldad J. , Yelin Dvir 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSpecifically targeting and manipulating living cells is a key challenge in biomedicine and in cancer research in particular. Several studies have shown that nanoparticles irradiated by intense lasers are capable of conveying damage to nearby cells for various therapeutic and biological applications. In this work ultrashort laser pulses and gold nanospheres are used for the generation of localized, nanometric disruptions on the membranes of specifically targeted cells. The high structural stability of the nanospheres and the resonance pulse irradiation allow effective means for controlling the induced nanometric effects. The technique is demonstrated by inducing desired death mechanisms in epidermoid carcinoma and Burkitt lymphoma cells, and initiating efficient cell fusion between various cell types. Main advantages of the presented approach include low toxicity, high specificity, and high flexibility in the regulation of cell damage and cell fusion, which would allow it to play an important role in various future clinical and scientific applications.
PHANtom: a modern aspect language for Pharo Smalltalk
Authors: Fabry Johan , Galdames Daniel 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYIn the context of our research on Aspect‐Oriented Programming, we have a need for a modern and powerful aspect language for Smalltalk. Current aspect languages for Smalltalk however fall short on various points. To address this deficit, we elected to design and build PHANtom: a modern aspect language for Pharo Smalltalk. PHANtom is designed to be an aspect language in the spirit of Smalltalk: dynamic, simple, and powerful. PHANtom is a modern aspect language because it incorporates the best features of languages that precede it, includes recent research results in aspect interactions and reentrancy control, and is designed from the onset to be optimized and compiled where possible. In this paper, we present the latest version of the language and give examples and patterns of use. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.