bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflation and Long-Term Maintenance of CD8 T Cells Responding to a Latent Herpesvirus Depend upon Establishment of Latency and Presence of Viral Antigens
Authors: Lang Anna , Brien James D. , Nikolich-Žugich Janko 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFollowing the priming and contraction phases of the T cell response, latent persistent herpesviruses lead to an accumulation of large pools of virus-specific CD8 T cells, also known as memory inflation (MI). The mechanism of this inflation is incompletely understood, largely because the molecular reactivation of these viruses in vivo and its impact upon T cell biology have not been resolved in mice, and because the relevant observations in humans remain, by necessity, correlative. Understanding these processes is essential from the standpoint of the proposed critical role for latent herpesviruses in aging of the immune system. We studied the causes of memory CD8 T cell accumulation following systemic HSV-1 administration as a model of widespread latent viral infection in humans. A direct role of viral latency and Ag-specific restimulation in driving the accumulation and maintenance of inflated CD8 T cells and a strongly suggested role of viral reactivation in that process were shown by the following: 1) lack of MI in the absence of established latency; 2) prevention or delay of MI with drugs that curtail viral replication; and 3) abrogation of MI by the transfer of inflated T cells into a virus-free environment. These results strongly suggest that periodic, subclinical reactivations of a latent persistent virus cause dysregulation of memory CD8 T cell homeostasis, similar to the one in humans. Moreover, results with antiviral drugs suggest that this approach could be considered as a treatment modality for maintaining T cell diversity and/or function in old age.
A Dual Action of Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblast IL-15 Expression on the Equilibrium between CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells and CD4+CD25− Responder T Cells
Authors: Benito-Miguel Marta , García-Carmona Yolanda , Balsa Alejandro , Pérez de Ayala Carlos , Cobo-Ibáñez Tatiana , Martín-Mola Emilio , Miranda-Carús María-Eugenia 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe previously described that fibroblast-like cells from the synovium of rheumatoid arthritis patients (RASFib) constitutively express intracellular and surface IL-15, which induces activation of cocultured T cells. Our objective was to study the effect of RASFib IL-15 expression on the function of human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg). RASFib, through their constitutive IL-15 expression, were able to induce the proliferation of human Tregs stimulated through their TCR, and at the same time potentiated their suppressive action on the cytokine secretion of CD4+CD25− responder T cells (Tresp). In parallel, constitutive RASFib IL-15 expression mediated an up-regulated response of Tresp. Subsequently, total CD4+ T cells, containing natural proportions of Treg and Tresp, secreted an increased amount of pathogenic cytokines when cocultured with RASFib despite the presence of proliferating Treg with superior regulatory potency. In summary, RASFib IL-15 exerts a dual action on the equilibrium between Treg and Tresp by potentiating the suppressive effect of Treg while augmenting the proinflammatory action of Tresp; the result is a shift of the Treg/Tresp balance toward a proinflammatory state. This alteration of the Treg/Tresp equilibrium is not observed in the presence of osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts or dermal fibroblasts, which do not constitutively express surface IL-15. Additionally, Treg with superior suppressive potency were present in the peripheral blood and the synovial fluid of RA patients, but this enhanced immunoregulatory activity was not able to overcome the increased secretion of pathogenic cytokines by RA-Tresp, indicating that rheumatoid arthritis patients demonstrate an altered Treg/Tresp equilibrium in vivo.
IL-13Rα2 Membrane and Soluble Isoforms Differ in Humans and Mice
Authors: Chen Weiguo , Sivaprasad Umasundari , Tabata Yasuhiro , Gibson Aaron M. , Stier Matthew T. , Finkelman Fred D. , Hershey Gurjit K. Khurana 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Although mice have nanogram per milliliter serum levels of soluble (s) IL-13Rα2, humans lack sIL-13Rα2 in serum. Our data provide a mechanism for this biological divergence. In mice, discrete transcripts encoding soluble and membrane forms of IL-13Rα2 are generated by alternative splicing. We used small interfering RNA to specifically deplete the transcript encoding membrane (mem) IL-13Rα2 (full-length) or sIL-13Rα2 (ΔEx10) in murine cells. Depletion of the full-length transcript decreased memIL-13Rα2 but had no effect on the level of sIL-13Rα2 in cell supernatants at baseline or following cytokine stimulation. Depletion of the ΔEx10 transcript decreased sIL-13Rα2 in supernatants at baseline and following stimulation. In contrast to mice, we were unable to find a transcript encoding sIL-13Rα2 in humans and siRNA-mediated depletion of full-length IL-13Rα2 decreased both sIL-13Rα2 and memIL-13Rα2 in human cells. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)/MMP-8 abolished production of sIL-13Rα2 from human cells. Thus, sIL-13Rα2 is derived exclusively from the memIL-13Rα2 transcript in humans through MMPs/MMP-8 cleavage of memIL-13Rα2, supporting a limited role for sIL-13Rα2 in humans and highlighting the potential importance of memIL-13Rα2 in human immunity. These observations require consideration when results of murine IL-13 studies are applied to humans.
ERK-Dependent T Cell Receptor Threshold Calibration in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Singh Karnail , Deshpande Pratima , Pryshchep Sergey , Colmegna Inés , Liarski Vladimir , Weyand Cornelia M. , Goronzy Jörg J. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Immune responses to citrullinated neoantigens and clinical efficacy of costimulation blockade indicate a general defect in maintaining T cell tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To examine whether TCR threshold calibration contributes to disease pathogenesis, signaling in RA T cells was quantified. RA patients had a selective increase in ERK phosphorylation compared with demographically matched controls due to a mechanism distal of Ras activation. Increased ERK responses included naive and memory CD4 and CD8 T cells and did not correlate with disease activity. The augmented ERK activity delayed SHP-1 recruitment to the TCR synapse and sustained TCR-induced Zap70 and NF-κB signaling, facilitating responses to suboptimal stimulation. Increased responsiveness of the ERK pathway was also a characteristic finding in the SKG mouse model of RA where it preceded clinical symptoms. Treatment with subtherapeutic doses of a MEK-1/2 inhibitor delayed arthritis onset and reduced severity, suggesting that increased ERK phosphorylation predisposes for autoimmunity and can be targeted to prevent disease.
A single-centre audit of junior doctors’ diagnostic activity in medical admissions
Authors: Bhandari S 
Published: December 2009

Practising doctors are distinguished from other healthcare staff by their role in making a clinical diagnosis. Huge changes in training and working practice in the past 15 years may have left many junior doctors ill equipped or preferring not to synthesise information to conclude a clerking with a diagnosis or differential diagnosis. This report details a retrospective study of acute medical admissions (AMU) first seen in the emergency department (A&E) and the diagnostic activity of junior doctors in both settings. The documented diagnostic conclusion and reported differential diagnosis was compared with that of the relevant admission consultant. The aim was to see if doctors completed their clinical assessment by establishing a ‘reasonable differential diagnosis’ or simply used the presenting complaint (a symptom) of the patient as the ‘diagnosis’. One hundred patients’ records (66 male and 34 female of mean age 57.4 years [20–94 years]) were studied. The majority of cases came from the cardiac and neurology domains of diagnosis. A total of 53% of cases seen in A&E by clinicians were given a clinical ‘symptom’ as a final diagnosis or differential diagnosis. A further 18% referred to the wrong clinical domain in their assessment, and 22% of cases were concordant with the eventual consultant diagnosis. In the AMU 20% of cases were given a symptom as a final diagnosis and 11% the wrong domain; 45% of diagnoses were concordant. The grade of the doctor, from foundation year (FY1) to specialty registrar (ST3), led to an expected improvement in the assessment and documentation of a possible diagnosis rather than a symptom for both A&E and AMU settings. In summary, junior doctors did not routinely document a clinical diagnosis or differential diagnosis at the conclusion of their clerking, regardless of experience. The reasons for this deferred activity are considered.
Ethanol Ablation of Ranulas and Risk Factor Analysis for Recurrence
Authors: Suh Pae Sun , Lee Jeong Hyun , Roh Yun Hwa , Moon Hye Hyun , Chung Sae Rom , Kwon Min Su , Choi Young Jun , Lee Yoon Se , Baek Jung Hwan , Choi Seung-Ho 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceEthanol ablation (EA) was shown to be safe and effective for treating ranula, but few studies have assessed long-term outcomes and recurrence of ranula after EA.ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term outcomes and the risk factors for recurrence and receipt of subsequent surgery in patients who underwent treatment with EA for ranula.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case-series study was conducted at a single tertiary hospital and assessed patients who were treated with EA between July 2009 and March 2021. Among 70 consecutive patients, those with follow-up loss or who were followed up for less than 24 months were excluded.ExposuresEA for ranula.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was recurrence at last follow-up after single or multiple EA sessions. Secondary outcomes included receipt of subsequent surgery and the recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate after initial EA. Factors possibly associated with outcomes included patient age and sex; ranula site, type, diameter, volume, and echogenicity; the presentation-to-EA interval; parapharyngeal space extension; and sublingual gland herniation. Risk factors were identified on logistic regression analyses. Two-year RFS rates were analyzed for the initial cohort using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank tests.ResultsA total of 57 patients (mean [SD] age, 26.4 [12.1] years; 24 female individuals [42%]) who were followed up for a median of 57 months (range, 24-167 months) were included. The recurrence rate was 33% (n = 19), and 11 (19%) underwent subsequent surgery. Among patients with recurrence, 86% (31 of 36) experienced first recurrence within 12 months after initial EA. A presentation-to-EA interval of 12 months or longer was associated with an increased risk of recurrence (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.74; 95% CI, 1.01-13.82). No risk factors were significantly associated with subsequent surgery (highest OR in parapharyngeal space extension: adjusted OR, 4.96; 95% CI, 0.94-26.35). Among the initial cohort of 70 patients, 2-year RFS was lower in a maximum diameter of ranula of 5 cm or greater than less than 5 cm (24% [95% CI, 7%-41%] vs 50% [95% CI, 34%-66%]; difference, 26% [95% CI, −4% to 56%]; log-rank test, P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceThis case-series study found that the recurrence rate of ranula after EA was 33%. A presentation-to-EA interval of 12 months or longer may be a risk factor for recurrence, suggesting that early intervention with EA might minimize recurrence. Most first recurrences occurred within 12 months after EA, with a maximum diameter of ranula of 5 cm or greater being a possible risk factor.
High‐Capacity Photochromic Rotary Encoder for Information Encryption and Storage
Authors: Li Xiyang , Liu Meng , Shao Jie , Sun Haiqin , Zhang Qiwei , Peng Dengfeng , Liu Fuchi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhotochromic materials are widely used in optical data storage, data encryption, and anti‐counterfeiting because of their ability to be written, erased, and read repeatedly. However, conventional information encryption and storage capabilities based on a “matrix” pattern in a 2D plane are limited to fewer storage dimensions, making information less secure. Here, a new concept of expanding the storage dimensions is presented by manipulating the rotation angle in 2D photochromic encoding disks based on the principle of the absolute encoder. For this purpose, a novel photochromic material, NaNbO3:xEu3+ is developed, with highly efficient red emission, a large luminescence switching contrast, and antithermal quenching behavior. The designed photochromic rotary encoder made with the NaNbO3‐based material exhibits higher‐level data encryption than that of conventional encoders and unlimited storage capability. This study presents exciting opportunities for information storage and encryption using luminescent photochromic materials.
Chiral Arginine Modified Electrospun Membrane for Enhancing Tendon Healing
Authors: Wang Hui , Sun Ziyang , Wang Shikun , Li Juehong , Yan Zhiwen , Hu Jiacheng , Chen Shuai , Zhou Chao , Fan Cunyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTendon injury is a common motor system disease, impairing joint mobility, and lowering quality of life. Once damaged, tendon has a limited capacity for regeneration. Clinically, available therapeutic strategies have not achieved satisfactory outcomes. Chiral biomaterials can effectively regulate cell behaviors and tissue healing, but have not been applied to injured tendon yet. Here, chiral arginine is attached to electrospun membrane to fabricate chiral scaffolds. L‐chiral scaffold, rather than D‐chiral or R‐chiral scaffold, promotes cell adhesion, proliferation, and tenogenic differentiation. The vinculin/FAK/YAP pathway is discovered to have a significant impact on the processes mentioned above. Additionally, L‐arginine efficiently eliminates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and generates nitric oxide (NO), safeguarding tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) against oxidative stress. The use of L‐chiral scaffold in a rat model of Achilles tendon injury increases the expression of markers related to tendons and the deposition of collagen. Moreover, L‐chiral scaffold improves tendon structural, functional, and mechanical properties. This L‐chiral scaffold comprehensively enhances tendon healing, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for tendon injury. As a simple and effective method, modification by chiral molecules enriches biomaterial functions and offers a novel option for tissue regeneration.
Environmental Stability Stretchable Organic Hydrogel Humidity Sensor for Respiratory Monitoring with Ultrahigh Sensitivity
Authors: Ni Yimeng , Zang Xuerui , Yang Yue , Gong Zehua , Li Huaqiong , Chen Jiajun , Wu Che , Huang Jianying , Lai Yuekun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractReal‐time monitoring of respiration plays a very important role in human health assessment, especially in monitoring and analyzing respiration during exercise and sleep. However, traditional humidity sensors still have problems in flexibility, sensitivity, and durability, so there is an urgent need to develop humidity sensors with high sensitivity, stretchability, and environmental resistance as respiratory monitoring applications. Here, based on the double network hydrogel structure of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylamide, a highly sensitive, highly stretchable, and environmentally stable organic hydrogel humidity sensor has been manufactured by using the synergistic effect of lithium chloride and MXene. The hydrogel humidity sensor shows rapid response in the humidity range of 40–85% RH, and has a high sensitivity of −103.4%/% RH. In addition, it exhibits more than 3000% mechanical strain and excellent environmental resistance, which is attributed to the chemical cross‐linking in the hydrogel network and the synergistic effect of multiple hydroxyl groups in glycerol forming rich hydrogen bonds with water and polymer chains. The hydrogel humidity sensor is used for real‐time monitoring of breathing and sleep processes. This work provides a new strategy for preparing high‐performance, extensibility, and environmental stability hydrogel‐based sensors for respiratory monitoring.
Bioinspired Slippery Surfaces for Liquid Manipulation from Tiny Droplet to Bulk Fluid
Authors: Wang Gang , Ma Fuliang , Zhu Lijing , Zhu Ping , Tang Lei , Hu Hongyi , Liu Luqi , Li Shuangyang , Zeng Zhixiang , Wang Liping , Xue Qunji 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSlippery surfaces, which originate in nature with special wettability, have attracted considerable attention in both fundamental research and practical applications in a variety of fields due to their unique characteristics of superlow liquid friction and adhesion. Although research on bioinspired slippery surfaces is still in its infancy, it is a rapidly growing and enormously promising field. Herein, a systematic review of recent progress in bioinspired slippery surfaces, beginning with a brief introduction of several typical creatures with slippery property in nature, is presented. Subsequently,this review gives a detailed discussion on the basic concepts of the wetting, friction, and drag from micro‐ and macro‐aspects and focuses on the underlying slippery mechanism. Next, the state‐of‐the‐art developments in three categories of slippery surfaces of air‐trapped, liquid‐infused, and liquid‐like slippery surfaces, including materials, design principles, and preparation methods, are summarized and the emerging applications are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of various slippery surfaces are addressed.
Piezo‐Turned Magnet Rotation for ELF/SLF Cross‐Medium Communication in Omni‐Direction
Authors: Zhu Ronglei , Cheng Zhi , Lv Xiangmeng , Wu Qiong , Wang Bing , Chang Jianglei , Ci Penghong , Dong Shuxiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExtremely/super low frequency (ELF/SLF) electromagnetic (EM) waves offer efficient propagation in challenging cross‐medium environments. However, conventional coil antennas, when emitting ELF/SLF EM waves, face constraints related to size, radiation efficiency, and high power consumption. To overcome these limitations, a disc‐rod structured piezoelectric rotating resonator is proposed, which can turn a NdFeB permanent magnet disc into rotation with an impressive high‐speed up to 10 000 r min−1via wobbling motion of the rod tip, effectively generating ELF/SLF magnetic field radiation via rotational oscillation other than common linear and swinging oscillation of the magnetic dipole moments. The piezo‐turned magnetic rotation (PTMR) method leads to a two to five‐fold enhancement in magnetic field emission compared to existing piezo‐actuated acoustic resonant antennas, and a 370 times higher emitting efficiency compared to the traditional coil antenna with a comparable size. In contrast to unidirectional EM wave radiation at their solely resonant frequencies, the PTMR antenna showcases omnidirectional B‐field radiation with continuous tunability in a dual frequency band spanning from 10 to 100 Hz. Moreover, an air–seawater cross‐medium magnetic field communication is successfully demonstrated. With outstanding performance metrics, the PTMR antenna emerges as a promising solution for efficient long‐distance ELF/SLF cross‐medium communication.
Brain Metastasis from EGFR‐Mutated Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer: Secretion of IL11 from Astrocytes Up‐Regulates PDL1 and Promotes Immune Escape
Authors: Tang Mengyi , Xu Mingxin , Wang Jian , Liu Ye , Liang Kun , Jin Yinuo , Duan Wenzhe , Xia Shengkai , Li Guohui , Chu Huiying , Liu Wenwen , Wang Qi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPatients who have non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are more prone to brain metastasis (BM) and poor prognosis. Previous studies showed that the tumor microenvironment of BM in these patients is immunosuppressed, as indicated by reduced T‐cell abundance and activity, although the mechanism of this immunosuppression requires further study. This study shows that reactive astrocytes play a critical role in promoting the immune escape of BM from EGFR‐mutated NSCLC by increasing the apoptosis of CD8+ T lymphocytes. The increased secretion of interleukin 11(IL11) by astrocytes promotes the expression of PDL1 in BM, and this is responsible for the increased apoptosis of T lymphocytes. IL11 functions as a ligand of EGFR, and this binding activates EGFR and downstream signaling to increase the expression of PDL1, culminating in the immune escape of tumor cells. IL11 also promotes immune escape by binding to its intrinsic receptor (IL11Rα/glycoprotein 130 [gp130]). Additional in vivo studies show that the targeted inhibition of gp130 and EGFR suppresses the growth of BM and prolongs the survival time of mice. These results suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.
Nanoarchitectonics and electrocatalytic properties of platinum nanoparticles in weak polyelectrolytes‐based multilayer thin films
Authors: Yoon Min‐Ho , Jeon Jaesam , Chang Ikwhang , Cho Chungyeon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, the electrocatalytic behavior of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) in a novel multilayered thin film is investigated for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) applications. The multilayer thin films are assembled by the alternate deposition of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) from aqueous solutions through a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) technique. Two extreme assembly pH conditions critically influence the films' physical and morphological characteristics, subsequently affecting their electrochemical behavior. Manipulation of the assembly pH modifies the charge density of the weak polyelectrolytes (BPEI and PAA), leading to variations in physical, structural, and electrochemical properties. The LbL thin films assembled at a pH of 9.5 for BPEI and 4.5 for PAA exhibit significantly greater thickness compared to the same film with all components deposited at pH 4.5. This is attributed to in‐and‐out diffusion of the partially charged polyelectrolytes with coiled polymeric conformation (BPEI at pH 9.5 and PAA at pH 4.5). As‐assembled LbL thin films are used as nanoreactors for the deposition of Pt NPs. The nanoscale control over polymeric conformation and charge density significantly influences electrocatalytic performance. 9.5BPEI/4.5PAA thin films exhibit higher electrocatalytic activity relative to 4.5BPEI/4.5PAA systems. This improved performance in 9.5BPEI/4.5PAA multilayers is ascribed to the fact that more carboxylic acid groups of PAA are coated in an exponentially grown behavior, which provides more active sites available for Pt NPs to be deposited. The multilayer thin films containing uniformly dispersed Pt NPs can be an attractive and advanced hybrid electrode material with great promise for the proton exchange membrane fuel cells.