bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential to increase food system resilience by replacing feed imports with domestic food system byproducts
Authors: Sandström Vilma , Kastner Thomas , Schwarzmueller Florian , Kummu Matti 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Many key feed commodities used in livestock and aquaculture production are highly traded in global agricultural markets. The dependence on these imported inputs may create vulnerabilities for importing countries when disturbances in global trade flows occur. Replacing feed imports with domestic food system byproducts—i.e. secondary products from crop, livestock and aquaculture processing—offers a solution to decrease trade dependency, increase food system resilience, and contribute to environmental sustainability. The potential impacts of such replacements on global food-trade patterns—and consequently on heightened self-sufficiency—remain largely unexplored. In this study, we assessed the material flows in the global feed trade at the country level and estimated the potential to replace imported feeds with more efficient use of domestic food system byproducts. We focus on three key feed groups in both livestock and aquaculture production: cereals, oilseed meals and fishmeal. We show that, at the global level, 19% of cereal, 16% of oilseed meals, and 27% of fishmeal feed imports can be replaced with domestic food system byproducts without affecting animal productivity. The high-input animal production countries in East and Southeast Asia, Western Europe, and North America show the highest potential. This study highlights the commodities and areas with the most potential to guide and inform decisions and investments to build more local and circular livestock and aquaculture production that would be more resilient to several kinds of shocks. Replacing feed imports with food system byproducts can increase food system resilience. Nevertheless, larger sustainability strategies, such as dietary change and reducing food loss and waste, should be implemented to ensure a transition towards more sustainable food systems.
Climate change in the Canary/Iberia upwelling region: the role of ocean stratification and wind
Authors: Vázquez Rubén , Parras-Berrocal Iván M , Cabos William , Sein Dmitry , Mañanes Rafael , Bolado-Penagos Marina , Izquierdo Alfredo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Canary/Iberia region (CIR), part of the Canary Current Upwelling System, is well-known for its coastal productivity and crucial role in enriching the oligotrophic open ocean through the offshore transport of the upwelled coastal waters. Given its significant ecological and socio-economic importance, it is essential to assess the impact of climate change on this area. Therefore, the goal of this study is to analyze the climate change signal over the CIR using a high-resolution regional climate system model driven by the Earth system model MPI-ESM-LR under RCP8.5 scenario. This modelling system presents a regional atmosphere model coupled to a global ocean model with enough horizontal resolution at CIR to examine the role of the upwelling favourable winds and the ocean stratification as key factors in the future changes. CIR exhibits significant latitudinal and seasonal variability in response to climate change under RCP8.5 scenario, where ocean stratification and wind patterns will play both complementary and competitive roles. Ocean stratification will increase from the Strait of Gibraltar to Cape Juby by the end of the century, weakening the coastal upwelling all year long. This increase in stratification is associated with a freshening of the surface layers of the North Atlantic. However, modifications in the wind pattern will play a primary role in upwelling source water depth changes in the southernmost region of the CIR in winter and in the north of the Iberian Peninsula in summer. Wind pattern changes are related to the intensification of the Azores High in winter and to a deepening of the Iberian thermal low in summer months.
The quantum Rabi model: towards Braak’s conjecture
Authors: Rudnick Zeév 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We establish a density one version of Braak’s conjecture on the fine structure of the spectrum of the quantum Rabi model, as well as a recent conjecture of Braak, Nguyen, Reyes-Bustos and Wakayama on the nearest neighbor spacings of the spectrum. The proof uses a three-term asymptotic expansion for large eigenvalues due to Boutet de Monvel and Zielinski, and a number theoretic argument from uniform distribution theory.
Signals of detailed balance violation in nonequilibrium stationary states: subtle, manifest, and extraordinary
Authors: Zia R K P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The evolution of physical systems are often modeled by simple Markovian processes. When settled into stationary states, the probability distributions of such systems are time independent, by definition. However, they do not necessarily fall within the framework of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Instead, they may be non-equilibrium steady states (NESS). One distinguishing feature of NESS is the presence of time reversal asymmetry (TRA) and persistent probability current loops. These loops lead naturally to the notion of probability angular momenta, which play a role on the same footing as the noise covariance in stochastic processes. Illustrating with simulations of simple models and physical data, we present ways to detect these signals of TRA, from the subtle to the prominent.
Duality for the multispecies stirring process with open boundaries
Authors: Casini Francesco , Frassek Rouven , Giardinà Cristian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study the stirring process with N − 1 species on a generic graph

G
=
(
V
,

E

)

with reservoirs. The multispecies stirring process generalizes the symmetric exclusion process, which is recovered in the case N = 2. We prove the existence of a dual process defined on an extended graph

G
~

=
(

V
~

,

E

~

)

which includes additional sites in

V
~

∖

V

where dual particles get absorbed in the long-time limit. We thus obtain a characterization of the non-equilibrium steady state of the boundary-driven system in terms of the absorption probabilities of dual particles. The process is integrable for the case of the one-dimensional chain with two reservoirs at the boundaries and with maximally one particle per site. We compute the absorption probabilities by relying on the underlying

g
l

(
N
)

symmetry and the matrix product ansatz. Thus one gets a closed-formula for (long-ranged) correlations and for the non-equilibrium stationary measure. Extensions beyond this integrable set-up are also discussed.
Application of Nanobubbles in Floating Kinetics Models for Efficient Oil Removal from Produced Water
Authors: Daud M F C , Khamidun M H , Mohamed R M S R , Ali U F M , Razi M A M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to gain insight into the kinetics mechanism involved in the removal of oil from produced water using nanobubbles. A small-scale device called Solari - N MBG 0.35, manufactured by Solari Energy Limited, was employed to generate nanobubbles. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of varying nanobubble concentrations on oil removal. The results revealed that at initial of contact time led to enhanced oil removal. This improvement was attributed to factors such as increased interfacial energy, improved mixing, and enhanced contact between the nanobubbles and oil droplets. However, after a 30-minute duration, the efficiency of oil removal reached a plateau due to the presence of smaller and more stable residual oil droplets. To analyze the nanobubble flotation process, the study employed five distinct models using experimental data. These models included the first-order model, first-order model with a rectangular distribution, fully mixed factor model, improved gas/solid adsorption model, and second-order model. Statistical analyses were performed, considering parameters such as coefficient of determination (R2), root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean absolute deviation (MAD). The fully mixed factor model, improved gas/solid adsorption model, and second-order model demonstrated excellent fitting performance at different contact times. These findings deepen our understanding of the oil removal efficiency of nanobubbles, emphasizing the significance of factors like concentration, contact time, and the selection of appropriate kinetic models. The study provides valuable insights into the application of nanobubbles in flotation processes and underscores the importance of selecting suitable models based on specific conditions and particle sizes.
Spatial and temporal analysis of marine water pollution in Port Klang: Developing a GIS database for assessing patterns and trends.
Authors: Supardi I H K , Abdullah N M , Tugi A , Ismail B H 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the assessment of marine water quality in Port Klang, with a particular emphasis on the spatial and temporal analysis of water quality parameters. The research investigates the sources of water pollution in the area, including industrial waste, non-point sources, heavy metals, and land use. The study utilizes geographic information systems (GIS) and the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation technique to map marine water quality parameters and analyze their spatial distribution. Additionally, a temporal analysis is conducted to identify trends, seasonal variations, and irregularities in water quality over an eight-month period. The study reveals TSS and O&G exceeding the allowable limits in certain locations. However, the analysis demonstrates a decreasing trend in TSS and O&G concentrations over time, indicating positive developments in water quality. The findings underscore the importance of continued monitoring and the implementation of pollution control measures to ensure sustainable and healthy marine water ecosystems in Port Klang.
Detection of mainland Kedah’s shoreline changes (2013-2020); a case study
Authors: Wan-Afnizan W M , Al-Qadami E H H , Razi M A M , Aminon N A , Mahamud M , Aziz A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Shoreline erosion and accretion are natural processes that involve the gradual change in the shape and position of coastlines due to the movement of water, sediment, and geological factors. These processes have significant implications for coastal environments, ecosystems, and human activities. Therefore, it is essential to frequently assess the shoreline changes for effective coastal management, sustainable development, and safeguarding valuable ecosystems. In the present study, shoreline condition along mainland Kedah (109 km) was investigated through remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) techniques. The assessment was performed over the period of 7 years (2013 and 2020) by analysing the satellite images captured by Landsat-8 satellite Operational Land Imager (OLI) at 15 m resolution. Preprocessing was established by performing image geometric correction and registration. Next, the Support Vector Machines (SVMs) toolbox was used for image classification to define the water and non-water fields. Later, the shoreline was extracted from the classified images and overlaid in a geodetic base in ArcGIS software to detect shoreline changes. The results showed that the majority of mainland Kedah’s shoreline did not experience extensive erosion or accretion at which 54% of the shoreline (58.8 km) was found to be stable. Erosion was observed at 6 locations with a total length of 10.1 km (9% of the total shoreline length) which was mainly concentrated in the non-protected areas. On the other hand, shoreline accretion was observed at 19 locations with a total length of 40.1 km (37% of the total length). It is worth highlighting that the erosion areas were concentrated in the southern part of the coastline, while the accretion areas were distributed between the middle part and the north side of mainland Kedah’s shoreline.
Application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for a safer roof inspection at high rise building
Authors: Hishsan N A B , Salleh A M , Zin N A A M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A roof must be inspected regularly since it needs to be durable and structurally solid and sound. Roof inspection may be dangerous since many buildings are tall and large. This study focused to carry out visual inspection for high-rise structure using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), determine the defects of Tunku Tun Aminah Library’s (TTAL) roof through photos taken by UAV and evaluate the suitability of UAV for roof inspection. A DJI Mavic 3 Classic drone was used to fly over the roof of Tunku Tun Aminah Library (TTAL) in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM). Photographs was collected during the flight, and all photos are checked and processed to recombine the distinct images using Agisoft Metashape software in order to find the defects on TTAL’s roof. The results of analysis showed that there were seven (7) defects on the roof. The condition of the roof was evaluated using Condition Survey Protocol 1 (CSP1) Matrix which got the overall condition of TTAL’s roof is 5.6 (yellow) which shows the roof is in a fair condition. Knowing the condition of the roof only from photos of an UAV indicates that UAV is suitable to use for roof inspection. This study shows the difference between inspecting by conventional method and using UAV. The study conclude that UAV may be deployed in a way besides the conventional method and proposed a safer and time saving method for roof inspection.
Thermal comfort of student in classroom with elevated set point air-conditioner temperature: objective and subjective measurement
Authors: Abdul Rahim S N , Zakaria M A , Yasin M N , Hanipah M H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of high set point air conditioning temperature of 27°C on the thermal comfort of students in educational spaces, specifically in a classroom at Tun Hussein Onn University Malaysia. Both objective and subjective measurements were conducted to assess thermal comfort. Objective measurements included air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and mean radiant temperature, while subjective measurements involved surveys to gather the student’s feedback. Based on the objective measurement, the estimated indoor condition was ‘slightly warm condition’ with average Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) value ranging from +0.7 to +0.9. Meanwhile, direct response from the students’ showed that most of the time they felt comfortable and accept the indoor condition. However, maintaining a 27°C set point temperature during learning process will affecting their learning focus and acceptance rate. It was found out that slightly warm sensation along with slightly higher mean radiant temperature and relative humidity and slightly lower air speed, contributed to the influence on student learning activities in the classroom.
Prediction model of hydraulic conductivity for sedimentary residual soil mixed bentonite as compacted clay liner
Authors: Khalid N , Mukri M , Zain N H M , Zainuddin A N , Kamarudin F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper describes a development of regression model on predicting the hydraulic conductivity value for sedimentary residual soil mixed bentonite. The data for required parameter for model development was based on the laboratories testing such as compaction testing and hydraulic conductivity testing. The multiple linear regression model (MLR) was selected to develop a hydraulic conductivity model (k-model). The empirical model was developed based on the 45 datasets from experimental studies encompassing range of maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), effective stress and bentonite content. The model developed in this study has met the conditions and has been verified according to the statistical validity requirements. The result shows that the fitted regression model has the reasonably good regression model for R2 = 79%. Meanwhile, the validation shows the small deviation discrepancy from Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) with a determination coefficient, R2 = 82%. In conclusion, the develop k-model in this study present a good prediction for hydraulic conductivity value.
Influence of Particle Size for Malaysia Peat to The Cyclic Triaxial Loading Parameters
Authors: Zainorabidin A , Zulkefle S N A , Ang K A , Mohamad H M , Basri K , Agung M A P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Peat is a partially decomposed soil with volumes of plant structures with high moisture content. The morphology of peat combines the definition of the structural arrangement of soil particles that are associated with its element mainly fibres, moistures and pore structures. The understanding of peat’s performance including its particle size is essential to understand but difficult to interpret. Laboratory-based research by the cyclic triaxial test was implemented to determine the cyclic loading parameters (cyclic shear modulus, G and damping ratio, D) using samples sized 50mm by 100mm height from three different locations. The samples were performed under different effective stresses (25kPa, 50kPa, 100kPa) and frequencies (0.1Hz, 1Hz, 3Hz). Wet analysis from the particle size distribution test was used to evaluate and analyse the relationships between the cyclic loading parameters and peat’s particle size effects. As a result, the particle sizes of Malaysian peat samples were significantly related to the performance of G and D behaviour in the cyclic loading test. Through this analysis, an understanding of the variability of particle sizes for Malaysian peat was contributed originally from the degree of decomposition itself that can alter the behaviour of cyclic loading parameters in an advanced test.
What influences parents’ decisions to use sustainable mode (public bus) with their children? A case study in Batu Pahat, Johor
Authors: Mohd Yahya N A S , Ahmad Termida N , Daniel B D , Othman M H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Malaysia is facing a challenge on how to improve the quality of public transportation system along with the city’s urbanization since public transport is one of the sustainable approaches to minimise the use of private vehicles on road that mainly contributes to CO2 emissions that affect the environment, negatively. The lack of public transport services has become a barrier for people to access all the facilities and socialize among the community. Studies on the use of public transport by children are rarely discussed and has lack of attention among community. Thus, this study aims to determine parents’ perceptions in using sustainable mode such as public bus with children in terms of accessibility, affordability, safety and comfortability, as well as to analyse the subjective factors affecting parents’ decisions to use public bus with their children based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The survey method via questionnaire has been distributed through face-to-face (self-administered questionnaire) and online method (via Google Form) among 100 adults (aged 18 and above, and married) who lives in Batu Pahat, Johor. Then, the data were analyzed by applying Mean Score Method and multiple linear regression analysis using Microsoft Excel. The results show that safety is the main aspect influencing parents’ decisions to use public buses with their children. In addition, Attitudes and Perceived Behavioural Control are found to be the significant components influencing Intention, and the Intention influences parents’ decisions to use public bus with children for all activity types.
Strength and heat emissions performance of high strength concrete containing fine metakaolin & palm oil fuel ash as partial cement replacement
Authors: Abu Bakar M N R , Ismail M H , Che Rahim N A N , Majid M A , Md Noor N , George A F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cement production significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, specifically carbon dioxide (CO2). In addition to the CO2 emissions from cement production, the increase in palm oil fuel ash (POFA), which is the by-product of the palm oil industry, can also contribute to environmental pollution. This study carried out on POFA and metakaolin (MK) as a partial cement replacement can reduce the problem of greenhouse and environmental effects. Apart from that, it can also increase the level of concrete strength. The slump and compressive strength tests were carried out first on concrete that uses fine metakaolin (FMK) only as a partial cement replacement to obtain an optimum value of FMK. Thus, the optimum FMK content found in this study was 20%. Next, slump tests, compressive strength tests, and heat of hydration tests were carried out on samples containing FMK and POFA content as a partial cement replacement up to 40% of the total cement replacement. The POFA content starts at 5%, followed by 10%, 15%, and 20%. In addition to that, FMK content of 20% and superplasticizer (SP) of 2% were constant for all design mixes. The workability of concrete decreases with the inclusion of FMK and POFA as partial cement replacements and 2% of SP as a constant. However, the strength of concrete containing 20% FMK and 5% POFA as partial cement replacement has given better compressive strength than ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete up to 14.07% at 28 days. Additionally, it is found that the exact amount of 20% FMK and 5% POFA enables concrete to be reduced to 5.54% in peak temperature compared to OPC concrete. Furthermore, the formation of C-S-H gel was increasingly generated and able to fill in the gaps in concrete when the POFA content increased, thus making the concrete denser and stronger than the control series.
Mechanical and thermal performance of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) as admixture in Interlocking Compressed Earth Brick (ICEB)
Authors: Razman R , Dzulkiflee N A , Saifulbahri N H , Hassan C S , Hanipah M H , Yasin M N , Abdullah N F , Ng J L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, the use of Interlocking Compressed Earth Bricks (ICEB) has taken a dominant position in the construction industry due to the constant quest to reduce carbon dioxide emissions that are harmful to the environment. ICEB is a brand-new, alternative technique that has been created to enhance the green attributes of conventional bricks. As opposed to conventional brick, ICEB are manufactured using a compression method and thus do not need to be fired, thereby reducing carbon emissions. The compaction process and the content of the stabiliser added to the mixes give the ICEB its strength. This study focuses on determining the effect of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) inclusion and mix ratio on the ICEB performance. Three (3) distinct PALF percentages of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 percent were investigated. All ICEB samples were tested for compressive strength and water absorption at ages 3, 7 and 28, while the optimal ratio was further investigated in term of its thermal properties. It was found that the ICEB with 0.10 percent PALF contents has a maximum compressive strength that is greater than the minimum requirement specified in BS3921:1985 (5 N/mm2), but the water absorption exceeds the permitted limit of 15% based on MS 76:1972. Whereas ICEB with a PALF content of 0.1 percent has a good heat conductivity value which is k-value 0.201, while for the heat resistance value, R-value is 0.622. It is proved that PALF-ICEB perform well compared to ICEB without any admixture with k-value and R-value is 0.724 and 0.173, respectively. This study could be useful to serve as a guide for the PALF-ICEB’s mix design.