bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress in a workplace in Mongolia
Authors: Baasanjargal B , Otgon G , Lkhagvasyren T S 
Published: March 2011

The aim of study is to increase the labour ability by determining immune system changes and estimating stress level of the workers on their jobs.1000 people including shop assistants, health personnel, policemen and lawyers were involved in the questionnaire and level of stress was defined by the test and questionnaire of Teilor. It was defined that 21% of them had no stress, and 78% had stress; 47.6% with first degree, 18.1% with second degree, 13.2% with third degree.70 people with the second and third level of stress in the case group and 20 people with the 0 level stress in control group were chosen for immune test.After comparing the amount of cortisol in the blood serum of people in case and control groups, the cortisol level of people with stress has increased (p<0.0001) than the people who had no stress.It shows that interleukin 6 (IL-6) (p<0.01), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) (p<0.05) in the blood serum of people with stress has increased than the people in the control group.It can be concluded that 78.9% of workers in hospital, legal and commercial organisations feel stress in their workplaces.The amount of cortisol in blood serum have been increased during stress.Cytokine in the blood serum can lead to change the function of the immune system of the body. αIncrease of IL-6, TNF.
A cross-sectional study on lower back pain (LBP) among Chinese coal miners
Authors: Xu G , Li L , Liu F , Pei D 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundCoal miners differ from other professional population in their exposures to physical and psychosocial hazards in the work environment. In China, the number of coal miners far exceeded millions, but epidemiological data on lower back pain (LBP) of this occupational group are very rare.ObjectiveTo explore prevalence characteristics in coal miners and their association with occupational and personal risk factors.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was administered to 1573 coal miners from a major coal mine group in China using a two-part questionnaire, with items adopted from questionnaires that have been used for such studies around the world. LBP prevalence was assessed using the modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression models were employed for statistical analyses.ResultOf 1537 coal miners, 649% reported in the past 12-month prevalence of LBP as the most commonly affected body part. The risk of LBP increased with age for coal miners (OR 1.02; p<0.001; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03). LBP was associated with postures with extreme wrist bending (OR 1.30; p<0.05; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.67), awkward work posture (OR 1.77; p<0.001; 95% CI 1.36 to 2.27), prolonged standing (OR 1.14; p=0.01; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.24) in the final multivariate models.ConclusionPersonal and occupational factors were associated with LBP among coal miners. The abnormal posture is one of the important risk factors for LBP, and ergonomic studies will be very important in identifying prevention strategies.
Policy advocacy on child drowning prevention in Thailand
Authors: Gerdmongkolgan S , Ekchaloemkiet S , Siriphanich T 
Published: March 2011

Rationale and backgroundDrowning is the first leading cause of death of Thai children under the age of 15 years old with the mortality per 100 000 population is between 9.3 and 11.5 (2004–2008).ObjectiveTo advocate child drowning prevention in Thailand.MethodologyThe magnitude of child drowning problems were proposed by mass media and communication especially with focusing on disseminated information that accompanied with important and attractive situation such as Songkran Festival and Loy Krathong Day. The advocated policy was to execute the public policy to be substantial. Implementation of the specific measure showed the interest of executives.ResultThe Ministry of Public Health and relevant agencies also assigned child drowning prevention measure such as established the child drowning prevention committees, the child swim able policy, the Day of Child Drowning Prevention, given the knowledge of child drowning prevention policy to the parents who take their children for vaccination in every hospital, child drowning surveillance and investigation, pilot project of model development of child drowning prevention, disseminated the information through mass media with supported from the private sector, and driving for adjusting the related legislation on child drowning prevention. After the implementation, the mortality of child drowning has decreased from 11.1 in 2006, to 9.8 and 9.3 in the years 2007 and 2008, respectively.Conclusion and recommendationsAs a result of wider dissemination of information and implementation of the child drowning prevention specific measure, executives have become a top priority national issue.
Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) due to occupational injuries in east delta region of Egypt
Authors: Eldin W S , Hirshon J M , Smith G S , Kamal A M , Abou-El-Fetouh A , El-Setouhy M 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundOccupational injuries are a public health problem. Determining rates, types and burden of occupational injuries is critical in planning prevention strategies.ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology of occupational injuries in the Eastern Delta industrial region of Egypt and to measure the burden of these injuries in terms of DALYs.MethodA retrospective chart review was conducted of all individuals with occupational injuries presenting in 2008 to the Nile Insurance Hospital, the main East Delta Hospital for insured patients.ResultsDuring 2008, there were 2129 occupational injuries presenting to the Nile Insurance Hospital. Cases were 85% males with mean age 30.79 years (range 18 59 years). Ninety-five percent of injuries reportedly occurred inside the workplace, with the most frequent cause (40%) contributed to collision against machines or part of a machine. About 89% of injuries occurred during work; 4.7% of cases occurred going to or from work. Previous work injuries were report by 41% of injured workers. Hands/fingers were the most frequently affected body part. Among different industries present in the East Delta region, the glass/crystal industry had the highest incidence rate of injuries (112.6/1000 workers). Crystal polishing workers were the most frequently injured workers (36.5%). Only 3.1% of injuries resulted in partial disability. The overall reported injuries resulted in 367.53 DALYs.ConclusionsThis study identifies potential high risk industries and occupations in the East Delta region of Egypt. Preventive measures should be targeted against such factors.
Estimating the burden of injuries in Moambique
Authors: Abraham J P , Bhalla K , Bartolomeos K , de Silva C , Zacharias F , Zacharias E 
Published: March 2011

In 2002, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study estimated that sub-Saharan Africa had the highest incidence rate of injuries worldwide. Using our established methodology we triangulate a national snapshot for Moambique from multiple data sources (including hospitals, health surveys, death registers, crime reports, etc). We conducted an environmental scan of all existing data sources that can inform estimates of the incidence of fatal and non-fatal injuries. From these, we constructed estimates of the national burden of injuries by harnessing the strength of each source and accounting for biases in data.Data sourcesEstimating fatal injuries:–Urban mortality data from Maputo City Mortuary (1994–2003)–Rural mortality surveillance data (verbal autopsy) from Manhia DSS site (1999–2002).Estimating non-fatal injuries:–Moambique DHS 2003 Injury Module (2003)–Maputo Central Hospital data (2001–2002).Building estimatesThe data were mapped to corresponding GBD external cause and nature groupings. When applicable, the data were disaggregated to compute age-sex-injury rates. The rates were then applied to urban and rural population estimates, respectively. Demographic and health surveys data were used to develop national injury envelopes. External cause to nature of injury mappings were developed using the hospital data. Using these methods, it was estimated that there were ∼8556 urban deaths and ∼13 717 rural deaths for a total estimated injury deaths in 2005 of 22 273. The results were then compared with police figures and GBD estimates.
The radio: the tool for violence prevention among youths
Authors: Swomen H E , Onazi O , Valenti M , John I 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionViolence is a leading global public health problem and public health strategies had been advocated to address it. Radio is the predominant source of news and information for the African public. Radio may be a source to disseminate suggestions that may advance violence prevention especially in Nigeria.ObjectiveTo study the impact of using the radio in preventing injuries from violent conflict and to propose effective ways of prevention.MethodA radio series Bringing Peace to the People on Silverbird Rhythm 93.7 Jos, Nigeria was launched in July 2009 and five youths participants randomly selected from eight areas previously affected by violent conflicts in Jos. The study was based on feedbacks via text messages, phone calls and interviews. Results are presented in simple percentage, frequencies and tables.Result75% (n=30) believes that the radio is a means of reducing violent conflicts, 8% (n=3) believe the radio is not a tool in reducing violent conflict, 17% (n=7) are unsure. 75% (n=30) are frequent listeners of radio while 25% (n=10) are not. 18% believe in the possession of guns for self defence, 63% don't agree to possession of guns while 19% aren't sure.ConclusionFrom our results, radio is a useful tool in preventing violent conflict among youths. Listener feedback supports the premise that radio is useful means of violence prevention among youths. ‘Bringing Peace to the People’ is one of the first attempts using radio in Nigeria for beneficial goal of violence prevention.
Analysis of Florida high school athlete's sports injury data for 2008–2009
Authors: Liller K D , Morris B , Konin J , Jang S , Wong S , Thorson S 
Published: March 2011

PurposeTo analyze the Florida high school athletes sports injury data for the 2008–2009 academic year and to provide recommendations for further research and practice. The data collected for this study were part of the initiatives of the SMART Institute of the University of South Florida. The surveillance tool is unique in that no other instrument captures the incidence, prevalence, risk factor and exposure information of all sports played by Florida high school athletes.MethodsCertified Athletic Trainers (ATCs) hired by SMART and placed in 10 public high schools in west-central Florida collected the athletes injury and treatment data utilizing the Simtrak software template. Data were collected on football, baseball, volleyball, swimming, track, cross-country, flag football, soccer, basketball, golf, wresting, softball, tennis and cheerleading.ResultsSix-hundred injuries were reported by the ATCs. The leading rate of sports-related injury per 1000 athlete-exposures for practices was for football at 3.58, followed by flag football at 2.67 and wrestling at 2.52. For competitions, the leading rate was for football at 19.20, followed by women's soccer at 7.53 and wrestling at 6.59. Flag football emerged as great risk for injury rates in practice and baseball injuries ranked third in frequency. Sprains and strains were the leading physiologic injuries and the leading body sites injured were the ankles, knees and head.ConclusionsThese results allow for the development of targeted injury interventions for these athletes leading to reductions in injuries.
Sleepiness, sleep quality and the association with occupational accidents among a medical faculty residents
Authors: Erbaydar N P , Ilingiroglu N , Hekimsoy V , Kalender E , Kurtulan O , Oncul U , Sancio H , Sari I F , Tac Y 
Published: March 2011

AimPhysicians may face occupational accident risk due to sleep problems. The aim of study was the evaluation of association of sleepiness and sleep quality with occupational accidents.MethodIn this descriptive study, data was collected among 312 (53.7%) residents in a medical faculty hospital through a questionnaire to investigate sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, sleepiness mode with Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and sleep quality with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and having an occupational accident.ResultsAverage age was 27.95 (SD=2.86) and females constituted 52.6% of residents while 10.6% expressed their general health, 36.6% expressed their mental health as average and lower, 24.9% had diagnosed disease. Of them, 3/4 had night shift and 88.9% had no rest cycle after night shift. Some declared sleep related features were: sufficient sleep period (35.9%), snoring (16.5%), increased sleepiness (29.0%) and decreased sleep quality (60.8%). Of the residents, 26.9% had at least one occupational accident during last month and the most common accident was needlestick (52.5%). According to PSQI 36.5% of residents with low sleep quality, and according to ESS 38.0% of residents with high sleepiness perception had occupational accident during last month (p<0.001 and p=0.005, respectively), and 48.3% declared that accident was their fault.ConclusionOccupational accidents of residents could have serious consequences. Measures are needed to increase sleeping period and sleep quality of residents and decrease sharp object injuries.
Non-intentional suffocation mortality trends in Mexico, 1979–2007
Authors: Baez L , Mendez A , Celis A 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionIn USA, asphyxia by non-intentional suffocation is the leading cause of fatal injury in children younger than 1 year old and fourth for children aged 1 through 4 years. However, little is known of these causes in Mexico.ObjectiveTo analyse asphyxia by suffocation mortality trend in Mexico, from 1979 to 2007.Material and methodsMortalities and trends were estimated for the study period from Mexicos official data based on the International Classification of Diseases, and included codes E911-E913 (ICD-9) and W75-W80 (ICD-10). Results were analysed by age group, sex and year registered, as well as by state and size of city or town of residence.ResultsFrom 1979 to 2007 occurred 63 387 deaths by suffocation in Mexico. Through 1980–1997 mortality is around 2/100 000, showing a high increased by 1998, rising approximately 3.5/100 000 until 2004, when a decrease began. Those under 1 year olds show the highest mortality risk. Suffocation mortality was more frequent in male than in females, with a ratio of 3 to 1.ConclusionsNon-intentional suffocation is a public health problem without attention in Mexico. This cause of death needs more attention, and to be addressed from a scientific point of view to reduces its magnitude.
Epidemiology of burns in children and adolescents in the Burns' Unit of Civil Hospital of Guadalajara
Authors: Orozco-Valerio M , Miranda-Altamirano R A , Mendez-Magaa A C , Davalos-Guzman J C , Celis A 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionBurns are a problem in public health that occupies the third leading cause of injury in children worldwide.ObjectiveAnalyse the epidemiology of burns in children and adolescents in the Burns Unit of the Guadalajara Civil Hospital Dr Juan I Menchaca.MethodologyThis research is descriptive. Data were obtained through 118 patient clinical records and interviews with their family members from 1 November 2008 to 31 October 2009. The variables studied were: gender, age, injury mechanism, injury agent, degree of burn, place where it happened, place where first medical care was received and time to first medical care after injury.ResultsMale gender was three times as frequent as female gender in burns patients (70 vs 48), and also suffered the most severe injuries. The largest age group was the 0–2 years old (48.3% of cases). In the majority, the mechanism of injury was non-intentional. The most common agents were hot liquids (55.9%) and fire (28.0%). The most frequent locations were injury occurred was home, mainly in the kitchen. In 11.0% of patients receive their first medical care after 3:00.ConclusionsThe groups at highest risk were children under 3 years old and males; the most frequent burning agent were hot liquids; and the events occurred at home.
Trauma in traffic in Montenegro between 2004 and 2010
Authors: Pejakovic M , Utjesinovic J , Bogdanovic M , Pavlicic R , Tadic N , Knezevic V , Pejakovic V 
Published: March 2011

The first car showed up in Montenegro in 1902. There are 177 677 cars in Montenegro. Every third citizen owns a car. The total cost of the damage created by road accidents is estimated to 2% of the GDP, which makes the issue of traffic safety one of the issue with priority.The aim of this study is to make the trauma in traffic in Montenegro be seen so that the prevention programmes could be created.MethodData used was found in police reports in the given period. The data had been analysed, statistically processed and shown in the shape of a graph.Results30% of cars is between 10 and 20 years old. About 41 000 cars is between 20 and 30 years old. Only a quarter of cars has the age that is less than 10 years. 12 913 persons were hurt in Montenegro from 2004 to 2010. 9559 (74%) person were slightly injured, 2830 (22%) were seriously injured and there were 524 (4%) of those who were dead. Average number of injured persons in road traffic accidents is 2152 per year. Death rate (deaths/100 000 persons) is 14/100 000 persons from given period. The drivers consist 46% (239) of cases of the total number of those killed. Co-drivers consist about 34% (177) and pedestrians consist about 20% of the cases (108).ConclusionBy identifying the main sources of traffic accidents and applying all activities of prevention we can decrease the consequences of the things mentioned above.
Paediatric burn injuries: a hospital based study in Uganda
Authors: Nakitto M , Lett R 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionBurns are one of the most devastating household injury. In Uganda, burn injuries account for 11% of all childhood injuries. The study objective was to determine demographic characteristics, severity, first aid treatment and outcomes of childhood burns in Uganda.MethodsSecondary analysis of hospital surveillance data from five representative regional hospitals was done. Data were collected over 12 months (August 2004 to July 2005). Individuals (0–16 years) were included over a 12 months period. A registry form was filled by trained health workers at emergency units. Frequency analysis was done.Results380 children were included with the central region registered more patients (44%). Five and under patients constituted 45%. Ratio of male to female was 1.3:1. Over 50% of patients had a serious injury. 88% of the children burned in their own homes in spite of a adult presence (83%). Majority of the children (54%) were burned while playing. 16% of burn injuries were reported intentional. Scalding by hot fluids (73%) was the common cause of burn injury. Over 50% of the patients were reported with serious injuries on upper extremities. Over 70% of children were given incorrect first aid treatment at home while others received none. 55.8% patients were discharged home by 2 weeks.Discussion and ConclusionsBurn injuries mainly affects children 5 years and under. Home-based prevention can reduce burn injuries in that age group. The intent behind burn injuries requires further investigation.
X59: Redistribution using linked data and the impact on YLL calculations
Authors: Gabbe B J , Lyons R A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundThe ICD-10 X59 cause code (unspecified) is prevalent in mortality datasets. The GBD project proportionally redistributes X59 deaths by age and gender for calculation of years of life lost (YLL) but the validity of the method has been questioned.ObjectivesTo establish the prevalence of X59 coding of deaths and the impact on YLL estimates using different redistribution methods.MethodsRegistered deaths in Wales (2003–2007) with an ICD-10 injury cause code were included. Data were linked to hospital admissions if the place of death was a hospital. Three redistribution methods were studied: (i) GBD project method, (ii) Proportional redistribution based on the nature of injury and (iii) Proportional redistribution based on the specified causes for X59 cases from linked data. YLLs were calculated for each method.Results24% (n=944) of unintentional deaths were coded as X59. 92% involved deaths in people aged 70+ years. Most involved proximal femur fractures and subdural haematomas. A linked admission was available for 99% of eligible cases (n=797). The cause of death was specified for 546 cases. Falls were predominant.ConclusionsThe proportion of YLLs attributed to cause categories across the methods was comparable because of the age discounting in the YLL formula. There were differences in the proportion of deaths attributed to cause categories with redistribution using the nature of injury or linked data resulting in the majority of X59 cases redistributed to falls, while the GBD method resulted in greater redistribution of X59 cases to transport injury.
The Provincial Injury Mortality Surveillance System (PIMSS): a surveillance tool for the Western Cape
Authors: Matzopoulos R , Martin L J , Wadee S , Thomson V , Prinsloo M , Bourne D , Groenewald P , Naledi N , Myers J 
Published: March 2011

Mortuary-based surveillance typically collates information from three sources: postmortem reports completed by forensic pathologists, police crime incident reports and chemical pathology laboratory results. The data are an important tool to inform prevention efforts and to monitor their effectiveness, and represent an underutilised source of descriptive epidemiological information to inform our understanding of fatal violence patterns, risk factors and groups at-risk.Following on earlier South African mortality surveillance initiatives, the current system provides a robust and simple surveillance tool that provides data that is congruent with, yet avoids the rigid confines of, the ICD10 coding system. We describe the process of consultation between participating research agencies to refine the data collection instrument, manual and automated data collection procedures and the systems institutionalisation with provincial government. The first complete non-natural mortality data for the Western Cape Province for 2007 will be presented, as well as the expected utility of these data in directing, monitoring and evaluating interventions to reduce the provincial burden of injury. The surveillance system has become a focal point of the Provincial Governments injury prevention and safety promotion efforts relating to its Burden of Disease Project. One important innovation has been the inclusion of an optional special interest variable describing fatal events that are either not readily available from ICD and other coding systems or difficult to record and analyse due to complex coding requirements. We explore the limitations of the current system and its possible improvement in line with best practices internationally.