bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering signaling pathways in clinical tissues for personalized medicine using protein microarrays
Authors: Malinowsky K. , Wolff C. , Ergin B. , Berg D. , Becker K.F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe current transition in cancer therapy from general treatment approaches, based mainly on chemotherapy and radiotherapy, to more directed approaches that aim to inhibit specific molecular targets has brought about new challenges for pathology. In the past, classical assignment of pathology consisted of tumor diagnosis and staging for further therapy decisions; nowadays, pathologists are asked to predict possible therapeutic results by detecting and quantifying therapeutic targets in tumors such as the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The best approach to analyze such molecular targets is to provide a tumor‐specific protein expression profile prior to therapy. To further elucidate signaling networks underlying cancer development and to identify new targets, it is necessary to implement tools that allow fast, precise, cheap, and simultaneous analysis of many network components while requiring only a small amount of clinical material. Reverse phase protein microarray (RPPA) is a promising technology that meets these requirements while enabling quantitative measurement of proteins. Recently, methods for the extraction of proteins from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissues have become available. In this article, we demonstrate how the use of RPPA to analyze signaling pathways from FFPE tissues may improve quantification of therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers in the near future. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 364–370, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Impurities on Monoclinic (II)‐Cubic (I) Transformation of Lithium Sulphate
Authors: Rao C. Rama Mohan , Mehrotra P. Narain 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe monoclinic (II)‐cubic (I) transformation of lithium sulphate is a reversible reconstructive transformation associated with high activation energy. Cationic impurities like Na+, K+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Al3+ have been doped in pure lithium sulphate and their effect on the kinetics and energetics of its transformation studied. By employing d.t.a., the enthalpy and energy of activation for the transformation of pure and doped samples of lithium sulphate have been calculated and compared.
Solvent Refining of Medium Viscosity Distillate and Changes in Group Chemical Composition
Authors: Singh Himmat , Kishore Kaushal 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe relative position of the phase boundary curves and changes in group chemical composition have been studied, in a single stage extraction system, with three solvents for medium viscosity, raw dewaxed lube distillate. Results obtained indicate that solvents with hydrogen‐bonding tendency show low critical solution temperatures and %N + P in raffinate tends to be directly proportional to the product VI with the increase in S:F ratio. Refining effectiveness number and lube refining index together makes it possible to evaluate the solvent refining behaviour of any raw lube distillate for the desired VI level.
Prediction of gas solubility properties in binary mixtures of non‐polar solvents by the empirical slopes approach
Authors: Linford Roger G. , Thornhill David G. T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn a previous paper1 we described how empirical slopes and parameters, derived from graphs of experimental solubility properties, could be effectively used to predict the solubility and related properties for 18 gases in 30 relatively non‐polar solvents. In this paper the “empirical slopes approach” is extended to provide predictions of solubility and entropy of solution for these gases in binary mixtures of the same solvents. Predictions of solubility and entropy of solution have been calculated for several of the gas‐mixture systems that have been measured experimentally and the agreement is found to be satisfactory. The merits of this approach are compared with those of other theories which can be used to yield gas solubility predictions in mixed solvents.
The effect of supersaturation on the crystal characteristics of potassium chloride
Authors: Sarig Sara , Eidelman Naomi , Glasner Abraham , Epstein Joseph A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDifferent laboratory crystal populations of potassium chloride are described and compared with similar types of industrial crystals. Laboratory experiments have shown that the crystal characteristics, i.e. size distribution, crystal habit and degree of agglomeration are strongly affected by the degree of supersaturation at the beginning of crystallisation. Similarity of crystal characteristics indicates similarity of factors governing growth conditions, hence the industrial growth conditions, especially supersaturation in a crystalliser, may be determined by inspection of the final product.
Bleaching of Rice Straw Paper Pulp and Possibilities for Replacement of Sodium Hydroxide by Ammonium Hydroxide During the Extraction Stage
Authors: Heikal Salwa O. , Ibrahem Atef A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBleaching of rice straw soda pulp was investigated under various conditions. The rate of the chlorination and hypochlorite reactions were studied; the best properties were attained by shortening the chlorination time to about 20 min. The extraction efficiency of ammonium hydroxide on chlorinated soda pulp was also investigated. The effectiveness of extraction can be deduced from the reduction of the kappa number, cuprammonium viscosity and the brightness obtained after the hypochlorite step. Extraction can be carried out with ammonium hydroxide instead of sodium hydroxide used in the conventional method. The strengths of unbleached and fully bleached pulps were evaluated. The fully bleached ammonium hydroxide extracted pulps were beaten faster and were usually stronger than the corresponding pulps extracted with sodium hydroxide.
Performance characteristics of a cstr containing immobilised enzyme particles
Authors: Lin Sheng H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effects of internal and external substrate diffusion resistances on the performance of a continuous stirred tank reactor are analysed in this work. Both immobilised enzymatic reactions with and without substrate inhibitions are considered. The substrate conversion for the reaction without substrate inhibition is dependent on four dimensionless parameters: the Thiele modulus, the dimensionless Michaelis constant, the mass transfer Nusselt number and β, which represents a combination of particle hold‐up, maximum reaction rate, input substrate concentration and substrate residence time in the continuous stirred tank reactor. For the corresponding reaction with substrate inhibition, the effect of the additional dimensionless inhibition constant on the substrate conversion is also very significant. The substrate conversion generally decreases with decrease in dimensionless parameter β, increase in Thiele modulus and decrease in mass transfer Nusselt number. For the reaction with small Thiele modulus, β and strong substrate diffusion resistances, a multireactor system may be needed if a certain desired substrate conversion is required. The single CSTR model can be extended to describe the multireactor system and the effect of the number of reactors on the substrate conversion for a two‐ or more reactor system is also examined.
Studies on the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline catalysed by pd(acac)2‐pyridine system
Authors: Datta Manik C. , Saha Chitta R. , Sen Debabrata 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe complex, bis(acetylacetonato)palladium(II) in pyridine, is used as a homogeneous catalyst for the conversion of nitrobenzene to aniline. From a study of various operational parameters the optimum reduction was found to occur at 1 atm pressure and at room temperature in petroleum ether (b.p. 100–120°C) solvent, yielding 90% of aniline on input nitrobenzene basis. The complex [Pd11(acac)H(C6H5NO2)Py] was isolated under similar experimental conditions and was characterised by elemental analysis, magnetic, thermal and spectral studies. Formation of a phenylnitrene metal complex has been suggested as a hypothetical intermediate in the reduction process.
Preparation and acidity studies of silica‐alumina catalysts
Authors: Sinhamahapatra Pratap K. , Sharma Devendra K. , Mehrotra Raghunath P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe surface acidic strength distribution in a series of silica‐alumina catalysts prepared by coprecipitation and stepwise precipitation techniques has been measured by the butylamine adsorption method. The amount of silica in the finished catalysts ranged from 86.0 to 96.9%. A linear relationship between the pH of the final gel (i.e. pH values of the solution in equilibrium with the gel material before washing) and X[=Al2O3/(SiO2+Al2O3)] was observed up to a certain level of pH; for coprecipitated catalysts it was 6.0 whereas for those precipitated stepwise the limit of pH was 7.0. Coprecipitated silica‐aluminas were more enriched with weak acid sites or Bronsted sites (pKa = +6.8) and their concentration reached a maximum at about 87% silica. Stepwise precipitated silica‐aluminas, on the other hand, have a greater population of strong acid sites, thus making them useful for cracking reactions.
Computer simulation of the biomass production rate of cyclic fed batch continuous culture
Authors: Keller Robert , Dunn Irving J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe biomass productivity of cyclically operated variable volume fermenters has been investigated as a function of the initial volume and the feed flow rate. The results of computer simulations show that the productivity‐dilution rate curves are similar to those for a constant volume chemostat, which represents a limiting case for the cyclic operation. Both cyclic fed batch and fed batch plus batch operation have been studied for Monod and substrate inhibition kinetics. The results obtained for variable volume operation can be used to estimate the loss in productivity when a chemostat inadvertently undergoes volume fluctuations.
Growth kinetics of streptomyces erythreus during erythromycin biosynthesis
Authors: Bošnjak Marijan , Topolovec Velimir , Vrana Mladen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGrowth kinetics of Streptomyces erythreus were studied and mathematical equations developed to model the results. Computer simulations gave good agreement with experimental data. Owing to the use of complex media direct measurement of biomass was impossible. It was therefore evaluated by measurement of α, ϵ‐LL‐diamin‐opimelic acid in cell walls, or by determining the reciprocal of the methylene blue reduction time.
Influence of Er:YAG laser frequency on dentin caries removal capacity
Authors: Raucci‐Neto Walter , Chinelatti Michelle Alexandra , Ito Izabel Yoko , Pécora Jesus Djalma , Palma‐Dibb Regina Guenka 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to evaluate in vitro the influence of different frequencies of Er:YAG laser on the human dentin caries removal capacity. Thirty fragments obtained from third molars were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 10) according to the laser frequency used: 4, 6, and 10 Hz. The caries lesion (±1 mm deep) was induced before the irradiation by S.mutans cultures for 6 weeks. The specimens of all groups were irradiated with 200 mJ of energy in noncontact and focused mode under constant refrigeration (water flow: 2.5 mL/min). Quantitative analysis of the caries removal was performed by DIAGNOdentTM and the Axion VisionTM software. Qualitative analysis was performed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and light microscope (LM). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Fishers' tests. The DIAGNOdentTM revealed that the caries removal was similar with 4 and 6 Hz and was superior with 10 Hz (P < 0.05). The analysis with Axion VisionTM software revealed that the caries removal was similar with 6 and 10 Hz and the 4 Hz group promoted the lowest caries removal. Through SEM morphologic analysis, some specimens irradiated with 4 Hz presented, under the demineralized dentin, a disorganized collagenous matrix. The LM images revealed that all frequencies used promoted irregular caries removal, being observed over preparations with 6 and 10 Hz. It can be concluded that the increase of Er:YAG laser frequency provided a higher dentin caries removal without selectivity to the disorganized dentin. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From the ‘Village of a Thousand Souls’ to ‘Race Crossing in Jamaica’: Arnold Gesell, eugenics and child development
Authors: Weizmann Fredric 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPerhaps best known for providing age‐related norms in early development, norms that are still used as a basis for measures of developmental maturity, Arnold Gesell was a key figure in developmental psychology from the 1920s through the 1950s. After examining Gesell's reputation and status in the field, we explore Gesell's changing relationship to eugenics, both in terms of Gesell's often contradictory attitudes about the role of hereditary and environmental influences in development, and in terms of the broader relationship between the eugenics movement and science. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Whistles, bells, and cogs in machines: Thomas Huxley and epiphenomenalism
Authors: Greenwood John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper I try to shed some historical light upon the doctrine of epiphenomenalism, by focusing on the version of epiphenomenalism championed by Thomas Huxley, which is often treated as a classic statement of the doctrine. I argue that it is doubtful if Huxley held any form of metaphysical epiphenomenalism, and that he held a more limited form of empirical epiphenomenalism with respect to consciousness but not with respect to mentality per se. Contrary to what is conventionally supposed, Huxley's empirical epiphenomenalism with respect to consciousness was not simply based upon the demonstration of the neurophysiological basis of conscious mentality, or derived from the extension of mechanistic and reflexive principles of explanation to encompass all forms of animal and human behavior, but was based upon the demonstration of purposive and coordinated animal and human behavior in the absence of consciousness. Given Huxley's own treatment of mentality, his characterization of animals and humans as “conscious automata” was not well chosen. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new methodology to calculate Carter factor using genetic algorithms
Authors: Calixto Wesley Pacheco , Marra Enes Gonçalves , da Cunha Brito Leonardo , de Alvarenga Bernardo Pinheiro 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a methodology to calculate the value of Carter's factor for airgaps with polygonal slots. A numerical evaluation of the Schwarz–Christoffel transformation is performed using Genetic Algorithms. The methodology presented here extends Carter's method to airgaps with more complicated geometry. Some case studies compare the results of the developed methodology to Carter's results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Einfluss der Zwischenlagerung auf die anfängliche Entwicklung rekultivierter Oberböden
Authors: Schäffer Beat , Eggenschwiler Lisa , Suter Brigitte , Vogt Lea , Buchter Bernhard , Pfister Hans , Schulin Rainer 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInfolge zunehmender Bau‐ und Rohstoffabbauaktivitäten auf fruchtbaren Landwirtschaftsflächen sind Aushub, Zwischenlagerung und Rekultivierung von Böden zu wichtigen Themen des Bodenschutzes geworden. In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchten wir mit einem Rekultivierungsversuch, wie sich die Bedingungen während der Zwischenlagerung auf die anfängliche Bodenentwicklung und den Pflanzenbewuchs auf einem rekultivierten Boden auswirken können. Vier Oberböden, welche aus zwei Tiefen (jeweils mit ungehemmter und gehemmter Durchlüftung) eines nicht befahrenen sowie eines befahrenen Oberbodenlagers stammten, wurden in Streifen angelegt und quer dazu mit drei Standard‐Wiesenmischungen in Streifen besät. Während der Zwischenlagerung sowie während der ersten zwei Jahre nach der Rekultivierung erhoben wir die physikalischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften der Oberböden und (nach der Rekultivierung) auch das Pflanzenwachstum. Keine der untersuchten Eigenschaften der Oberböden hing von der Tiefe im Zwischenlager ab. Hingegen waren im befahrenen Oberbodenlager die Grobporosität und der Kompressionsbeiwert geringer, die Lagerungsdichte sowie die Vorbelastung hingegen höher als im nicht befahrenen Oberbodenlager. Diese Unterschiede verschwanden jedoch größtenteils bereits mit der Bodenrekultivierung. Entgegen unseren Erwartungen wuchsen die Pflanzen im Jahr der Rekultivierung besser auf dem Boden des befahrenen Oberbodenlagers als auf dem des nicht befahrenen Oberbodenlagers, was mit dem extrem trockenen und heißen Sommer dieses Jahres zusammenhängen dürfte. In den auf die Rekultivierung folgenden zwei Jahre glichen sich auch die Unterschiede im Pflanzenwachstum aus. Die verbleibenden Unterschiede in der Lagerungsdichte und im Pflanzenwachstum waren nicht auf unterschiedliche Zwischenlagerungsbedingungen zurückzuführen. Die Resultate sprechen für eine Überprüfung der geltenden Rekultivierungsrichtlinien. Gegebenenfalls könnten die maximal zugelassenen Zwischenlagerhöhen für Oberböden erhöht werden, um den Flächenbedarf für die Zwischenlagerung von Boden zu verringern.
Analytical model of thermohydrodynamic estimation of slider bearing
Authors: Ionescu Mihail , Mihai Ioan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe present paper proposed a quantitative calculation of slider bearings using the analytical solutions of energy equation and of the Reynolds differential equation. The model consists in the transformation of the slider bearing pad into a journal bearing bush. The validation consists in comparing the pad's hydrodynamic parameters, calculated by means of numerical methods, with those of the proposed journal bearing, calculated analytically. The simplicity and accuracy of the method and the computing times of the order of seconds necessary for bearing estimation constitute important advantages of this model over the numerical methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global solvability for abstract semilinear evolution equations
Authors: Oka Hirokazu , Tanaka Naoki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Cauchy problem for the abstract semilinear evolution equation u′(t) = Au (t) + B (u (t)) + C (u (t)) is discussed in a general Banach space X. Here A is the so‐called Hille‐Yosida operator in X, B is a differentiable operator from D (A) into X, and C is a locally Lipschitz continuous operator from D (A) into itself. A vectorvalued functional defined only on X is used and appropriate conditions on the nonlinear operators B and C are imposed so that a vector‐valued functional defined on the domain of the operator A may be constructed in order to specify the growth of a global solution. The advantage of our formulation lies in the fact that it is possible to obtain a global solution by checking some energy inequalities concerning only low order derivatives (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mixed Random Mosaics
Authors: Santaló L. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCowan [2] has defined random mosaics processes RMP in R2 and has given some basic properties of them. In particular Cowan introduces the fundamental parameters α, βk, γk of the process and, in terms of them, he computes the mean values of the area α, perimeter h, number of ares w and number of vertices v of a typical polygon of the RMP. Our purpose is to consider the RMP obtained by superposition of two independent random mosaics. Then, the characteristics a12, h12, w12, v12 of the resulting process are computed in terms of the characteristics ai, hi, wi, vi, of each process. The case of non random tessellations mixed with random mosaics is also considered.
Scattering Analysis of Point Processes and Random Measures
Authors: Hanisch K.‐H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the present paper scattering analysis of point processes and random measures is studied. Known formulae which connect the scattering intensity with the pair distribution function of the studied structures are proved in a rigorous manner with tools of the theory of point processes and random measures. For some special fibre processes the scattering intensity is computed. For a class of random measures, namely for “grain‐germ‐models”, a new formula is proved which yield the pair distribution function of the “grain‐germ‐model” in terms of the pair distribution function of the underlying point process (the “germs”) and of the mean structure factor and the mean squared structure factor of the particles (the “grains”).
Pseudodifferential Operators on Compact Manifolds with Lipschitz Boundary
Authors: Duduchava R. , Speck F.‐O. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPseudodifferential operators with non‐smooth symbols on a manifoldMwith Lipschitz boundary are considered. Theorems about order reduction and localization of such operators in Bessel potentialHand Hölder‐Zygmund Z(IRn) spaces are proved. A pseudodifferential operatorAwith locally sectorial matrix symbol is proved to be Fredholm in the spaceH(M) and Ind A = 0 where s depends onA.Application to a boundary value problem for an elastic body with crack is discussed in conclusion.
On the Exponential Convergence of Spline Approximation Methods for Wiener‐Hopf Equations
Authors: Elschner Johannes 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe consider the approximate solution of Wiener‐Hopf integral equations by Galerkin, collocation and Nyström methods based on piecewise polynomials where accuracy is achieved by increasing simultaneously the number of mesh points and the degree of the polynomials. We look for the stability of those methods in the Lq norm, 1≤q≤∞. Provided the exact solution is analytic on the half‐axis and decays exponentially at infinity, we prove an exponential rate of convergence with respect to the number of degrees of freedom.
On Sectional Genus of Quasi—Polarized Manifolds with Non‐Negative Kodaira Dimension
Authors: Fukuma Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLet X be a smooth projective variety over ℂ and L be a nef‐big divisor on X. Then (X, L) is called a quasi ‐ polarized manifold. Then we conjecture that g(L) ≥ q(X), where g(L) is the sectional genus of L and q(X) = dim H1(Ox) is the irregularity of X. In general it is unknown that this conjecture is true or not even in the case of dim X = 2. For example, this conjecture is true if dim X = 2 and dim H≥(L) > 0. But it is unknown if dim X ≥ 3 and dim H0(L) > 0. In this paper, we consider a lower bound for g(L) if dim X = 2, dim H0(L) ≥ 2, and k(X) ≥ 0. We obtain a stronger result than the above conjecture if dim Bs|L| ≤ 0 by a new method which can be applied to higher dimensional cases. Next we apply this method to the case in which dim X = n ≥ 3 and we obtain a lower bound for g(L) if dim X = 3, dim H0(L) ≥ 2, and k(X) ≥ 0.