bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single molecule visualization of tropomyosin isoform organization in the mammalian actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Cagigas Maria L. , Ariotti Nicholas , Hook Jeff , Rae James , Parton Robert G. , Bryce Nicole S. , Gunning Peter W. , Hardeman Edna C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe actin cytoskeleton is composed of both branched and unbranched actin filaments. In mammals, the unbranched actin filaments are primarily copolymers of actin and tropomyosin. Biochemical and imaging studies indicate that different tropomyosin isoforms are segregated to different actin filament populations in cells and tissues, providing isoform‐specific functionality to the actin filament. Intrinsic to this model is the prediction that single‐molecule imaging of tropomyosin isoforms would confirm homopolymer formation along the length of single actin filaments, a knowledge gap that remains unaddressed in the cellular environment. We combined chemical labeling of genetically engineered tropomyosin isoforms with electron tomography to locate individual tropomyosin molecules in fibroblasts. We find that the organization of two non‐muscle tropomyosins, Tpm3.1 with Tpm4.2, can be distinguished from each other using light and electron microscopy. Visualization of single tropomyosin molecules associated with actin filaments supports the hypothesis that tropomyosins form continuous homopolymers, instead of heteropolymers, in the presence of all physiologically native actin‐binding proteins. This is true for both isoforms tested. Furthermore, the data suggest that the tropomyosin molecules on one side of an actin filament may not be in register with those on the opposite side, indicating that each tropomyosin polymer may assembly independently.
Electrochemical Characteristics of Lignin in CTMP for Paper Battery Electrodes
Authors: Isacsson Patrik , Björk Elisabeth , Capanema Ewellyn , Granberg Hjalmar , Engquist Isak 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLignin has been extensively researched as a cathode active material in secondary batteries. In the present work, the energy storage potential of lignin naturally present in papers made of softwood chemi‐thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) is explored. More specifically, effects from softwood CTMP fines on the electrochemical characteristics have been studied. Compared to pulp fibers, fines are higher in lignin content and have higher specific surface area. It was expected that this would be positive for the electrode performance; however, the result points to the opposite. The fines do not significantly contribute to a higher lignin specific capacity, and they deteriorate the cycling stability. Higher fines content was found to result in a higher oxidative activity as well as more abundant competing reactions. These competing reactions are believed to be linked to the cycle stability. Therefore, we hypothesize that the electrochemical stability of lignin can be better understood by studying differences between fines and fiber lignin. As the theoretical specific capacity of this material is about 20 times larger than obtained here, identification of the reasons for this capacity discrepancy is needed to realize the full potential of lignin‐based paper batteries.
An Ester‐Functionalized Bidentate Titanium‐based Metal–Organic Framework with Visible‐Light Enhanced Activity for CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Xu Shiwen , Gao Wenqian , Lu Jun , Liang Xiaolong , Xu Ke , Liang Jing , Li Fei , Liu Jinxuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe limited visible light response is a critical drawback that hampers the photocatalytic efficacy of Ti‐MOFs. However, study concerning the enhancement of the visible‐light response of Ti‐MOFs is still in its nascent stage. In this study, we employ the ‘dual‐ligand decrystallization strategy’ to manipulate the electronic environment of Ti4+, leading to the synthesis of three ester‐functionalized bidentate Ti‐MOFs with enhanced visible light response. Our findings reveal that this approach not only reduces the bandgap of Ti‐MOFs but also enhances their photocatalytic activity for carbon dioxide reduction. Specifically, compared to the bandgap of Ti‐BPDC at 2.98 eV, the bandgap of Ti‐BPDC‐CA 1 : 2 has been reduced to 2.14 eV. Moreover, Ti‐BPDC‐CA 1 : 2 exhibits extraordinary photocatalytic activity with the formic acid (HCOOH) production rate of 617 μmol g−1 h−1 with over 99.5 % selectivity, which is 3.47 times higher than that of Ti‐BPDC. Besides providing a cost‐effective strategy for enhancing the visible light response of Ti‐MOFs, our study also serves as an illustrative example for establishing the correlation between electronic structure and optical properties.
Rationally Designed S‐Scheme CeO2/g‐C3N4 Heterojunction for Promoting Visible Light Driven CO2 Photoreduction into Syngas
Authors: Xie Kang‐Le , Liao Ya‐Qing , Hu Jun‐Jie , Lu Kang‐Qiang , Wen He‐Rui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExploring low‐cost visible light photocatalysts for CO2 reduction to produce proportionally adjustable syngas is of great significance for meeting the needs of green chemical industry. A S‐Scheme CeO2/g‐C3N4 (CeO2/CN) heterojunction was constructed by using a simple two‐step calcination method. During the photocatalytic CO2 reduction process, the CeO2/CN heterojunction can present a superior photocatalytic performance, and the obtained CO/H2 ratios in syngas can be regulated from 1 : 0.16 to 1 : 3.02. In addition, the CO and H2 production rate of the optimal CeO2/CN composite can reach 1169.56 and 429.12 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively. This superior photocatalytic performance is attributed to the unique S‐Scheme photogenerated charge transfer mechanism between CeO2 and CN, which facilitates rapid charge separation and migration, while retaining the excellent redox capacity of both semiconductors. Particularly, the variable valence Ce3+/Ce4+ can act as electron mediator between CeO2 and CN, which can promote electron transfer and improve the catalytic performance. This work is expected to provide a new useful reference for the rational construction of high efficiency S‐Scheme heterojunction photocatalyst, and improve the efficiency of photocatalytic reduction of CO2, promoting the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into useful fuels.
Enhancing lymphoma diagnosis on core needle biopsies: Integrating immunohistochemistry with flow cytometry
Authors: Bellesi Silvia , Schiaffini Gabriele , Contegiacomo Andrea , Maiolo Elena , Iacovelli Camilla , Malafronte Rosalia , D'Innocenzo Simone , Alma Eleonora , Bellisario Flaminia , Viscovo Marcello , Campana Fabrizia , De Filippis Alessandra , D'Alò Francesco , Larocca Luigi Maria , De Stefano Valerio , Iezzi Roberto , Hohaus Stefan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImage‐guided core needle biopsies (IG‐CNB) represent a minimally invasive approach for obtaining tissue in patients with lymphadenopathy and suspected lymphoma. Despite their utility, diagnostic challenges persist, with lower efficacy compared with excisional biopsies. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential utility of incorporation of flow cytometry (FC) alongside immunohistochemistry (IHC) when performing IG‐CNB for suspected lymphoproliferative diseases. Analyzing 170 consecutive cases, guided by ultrasound (n = 94) or computer tomography (n = 76), we employed a diagnostic algorithm, already established in our laboratory practice, utilizing three antibody cocktail‐equipped tubes tailored for defining lymphomas, particularly those of B‐cell origin. FC expedited the diagnostic process, yielding presumptive results in 87.6% of cases within 48 h, with a positive predictive value of 98%. Addition of FC to routine IHC enhanced the diagnostic rate from 91.2% to 95.3%, reducing IG‐CNB failure rate by 45%, from 8.8% to 4.7%. This enhancement was particularly notable for deep‐seated sites and in the setting of suspected disease recurrences. Consequently, FC emerges as a valuable adjunctive tool, allowing for the improvement of diagnostic performance, with a particular focus on the ability to quantify the expression of surface markers for targeted therapies, and holding the potential to diminish the necessity for repeat excisional biopsies subsequent to IG‐CNB procedures.
A scoping review of the epidemiology and treatment of painful procedures in hospitalized neonates: What has changed in the past three decades?
Authors: Bueno Mariana , Rao Megha , Aujla Prabhlin , Victor Charles , Stevens Bonnie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCare of newborns hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) includes multiple painful procedures/day. Epidemiologic studies have reported the frequency and nature of procedures and treatment interventions. However, evidence on the changing trends in the nature and frequency of neonatal pain procedures or treatments over time is absent or inconclusive. We aimed to determine the frequency and nature of painful procedures/neonate/day in the NICU.Databases and Data TreatmentMEDLINE and Embase searches were conducted from database inception to July 2023. Studies that reported the nature and frequency of painful procedures and associated pain treatments in neonates were included. Standard inverse‐variance random‐effects meta‐analyses were used to combine studies. Heterogeneity between studies was quantified using the I2 statistic.ResultsOf 2622 unique citations, 64 full‐text articles were reviewed; 23 were included. Six additional studies identified in a previous review, and six publications from reference lists were added, resulting in 35 studies. The mean number of painful procedures/neonate/day was 7.38 (95% CI 5.60, 9.17; range <2 to 17). Although the frequency of painful procedures in more recent studies was reduced, it was not statistically significant (p = 0.16). Painful procedures were more frequent during longer observation periods. Needle‐related procedures were most common and did not change over time. Procedure‐related treatment was suboptimal and inconsistently reported.ConclusionsFrequency of painful procedures in the NICU has shown a clinically important decrease but has not significantly changed over time. A paradigm shift moving responsibility from providers to systems in changing pain practices in the NICU is required.Significance StatementThe decrease in the daily frequency of painful procedures in hospitalized neonates might be clinically relevant but is not yet statistically significant. Pain treatment is insufficiently documented and reported. This lack of progress in neonatal care might be a result of the complexity of defining pain and stress; inconsistencies in determining the burden of procedural pain; the influence of barriers and facilitators on practice change; and the focus on an individual rather than system responsibility for pain prevention and treatment.
Data augmentation for predictive maintenance: Synthesising aircraft landing gear datasets
Authors: Stanton Izaak , Munir Kamran , Ikram Ahsan , El‐Bakry Murad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the aviation industry, predictive maintenance is vital to minimise Unscheduled faults and maintain the operational availability of aircraft. However, the amount of open data available for research is limited due to the proprietary nature of aircraft data. In this work, six time‐series datasets are synthesised using the DoppelGANger model trained on real Airbus datasets from landing gear systems. The synthesised datasets contain no proprietary information, but maintain the shape and patterns present in the original, making them suitable for testing novel PdM models. They can be used by researchers outside of the industry to explore a more diverse selection of aircraft systems, and the proposed methodology can be replicated by industry data scientists to synthesise and release more data to the public. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of using the DoppelGANger model from the Gretel.ai library to generate new time series data that can be used to train predictive maintenance models for industry problems. These synthetic datasets were subject to fidelity testing using six metrics. The six datasets are available on the UWE Library service.
Validity of the MoCA as a cognitive screening tool in epilepsy: Are there implications for global care and research?
Authors: Reyes Anny , Hermann Bruce P. , Prabhakaran Divya , Ferguson Lisa , Almane Dace N. , Shih Jerry J. , Iragui‐Madoz Vicente J. , Struck Aaron , Punia Vineet , Jones Jana E. , Busch Robyn M. , McDonald Carrie R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the diagnostic performance of a widely available cognitive screener, the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), to detect cognitive impairment in older patients (age ≥ 55) with epilepsy residing in the US, using the International Classification of Cognitive Disorders in Epilepsy (IC‐CoDE) as the gold standard.MethodsFifty older adults with focal epilepsy completed the MoCA and neuropsychological measures of memory, language, executive function, and processing speed/attention. The IC‐CoDE taxonomy divided participants into IC‐CoDE Impaired and Intact groups. Sensitivity and specificity across several MoCA cutoffs were examined. Spearman correlations examined relationships between the MoCA total score and clinical and demographic variables and MoCA domain scores and individual neuropsychological tests.ResultsIC‐CoDE impaired patients demonstrated significantly lower scores on the MoCA total, visuospatial/executive, naming, language, delayed recall, and orientation domain scores (Cohen's d range: 0.336–2.77). The recommended MoCA cutoff score < 26 had an overall accuracy of 72%, 88.2% sensitivity, and 63.6% specificity. A MoCA cutoff score < 24 yielded optimal sensitivity (70.6%) and specificity (78.8%), with overall accuracy of 76%. Higher MoCA total scores were associated with greater years of education (p = 0.016) and fewer antiseizure medications (p = 0.049). The MoCA memory domain was associated with several standardized measures of memory, MoCA language domain with category fluency, and MoCA abstraction domain with letter fluency.SignificanceThis study provides initial validation of the MoCA as a useful screening tool for older adults with epilepsy that can be used to identify patients who may benefit from comprehensive neuropsychological testing. Further, we demonstrate that a lower cutoff (i.e., <24) better captures cognitive impairment in older adults with epilepsy than the generally recommended cutoff and provides evidence for construct overlap between MoCA domains and standard neuropsychological tests. Critically, similar efforts in other regions of the world are needed.Plain Language SummaryThe Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) can be a helpful tool to screen for cognitive impairment in older adults with epilepsy. We recommend that adults 55 or older with epilepsy who score less than 24 on the MoCA are referred to a neuropsychologist for a comprehensive evaluation to assess any changes in cognitive abilities and mood.
Self‐management intervention improves patient adherence to swallowing exercises during radiation for head and neck cancer
Authors: Shinn Eileen H. , Garden Adam S. , Chen Minxing , Basen‐Engquist Karen , Fellman Bryan , Hutcheson Kate , Morrison William H. , Peterson Susan , Li Liang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile preventive swallowing exercises reduce the risk of radiation‐associated dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer, strategies are needed to improve patient adherence.MethodsBefore radiation, all participants were taught preventive swallowing exercises and randomized to either an adherence intervention or enhanced usual care. During radiation, all participants met twice with a speech pathologist for swallowing assessment and reinforcement of exercises. Intervention participants met weekly with a counselor in‐person or by phone. At 6‐week post‐radiation follow‐up, all participants completed a follow‐up assessment of self‐reported adherence, which was then corroborated with medical record documentation.ResultsNewly diagnosed pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer patients without distant metastases were randomized (n = 265; 135 to intervention, and 130 to usual care). Intervention participants were more likely to adhere to exercises during radiation compared to the control group (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe weekly in‐person adherence intervention program significantly increased patient's adherence to preventive swallowing exercises during radiation.
The impact of perceived vaginal and urinary symptoms and treatment burden in predicting sexual functioning among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
Authors: Hassanein Mohammed M. , Huri Hasniza Zaman , Abduelkarem Abduelmula R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the relationship between urogenital symptom frequency and severity, perception of vaginal treatment burden, and female sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with a sample of 326 patients from three tertiary care hospitals in the United Arab Emirates. The frequency and severity of urogenital symptoms, emotional and physical functioning, and treatment burden were assessed using the validated genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptoms and vaginal treatments acceptability questionnaire (GSM‐SVATQ). To examine the mediating roles of emotional and physical functioning, as well as the perceived treatment burden on sexual functioning, a partial least squares‐structural equation model was developed using the SmartPLS 4 Software.ResultsThe measurement model was successfully established. All constructs had a reliability of > 0.70 and discriminant validity of < 0.90. Emotional, physical and sexual functioning showed an adjusted R2 values of 0.377, 0.282 and 0.169, respectively.The multistep multiple mediator model revealed a full mediation effect of both emotional and physical functioning between symptom, treatment burden and sexual functioning. The model showed high predictive performance with all manifest variables showing lower mean absolute errors compared to the naiive benchmark model.ConclusionThis study enhances our understanding of the relationships between urogenital symptoms, perceived treatment burden, emotional functioning, and sexual well‐being. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing emotional well‐being in managing urogenital symptoms and in addressing emotional factors associated with the use of vaginal treatments.
Parecoxib inhibits tumorigenesis and angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma through ERK–VEGF/MMPs signaling pathway
Authors: Tian Li , Huang YuQi , Liu Yan , Liu JiangWei , Liu Yan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractParecoxib, a well‐recognized nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, has been reported to possess anticancer properties in various tumor types. In this work, we aimed to investigate the potential anticancer effects of parecoxib on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. To assess the impact of parecoxib on HCC cell proliferation, we employed Cell Counting Kit‐8, colony formation, and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assays. Hoechst/propidium iodide (PI) double staining and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate apoptosis and cell cycle analysis. Wound healing and transwell assays were utilized to assess cell migration and invasion. Tube formation assay was employed to analyze angiogenesis. Protein levels were determined using western blotting, and mRNA expression levels were assessed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A xenograft mouse model was used to confirm the antitumor effects of parecoxib on HCC tumors in vivo. Our data demonstrated that parecoxib effectively inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. In addition, parecoxib induced cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, parecoxib hindered tumor migration and invasion by impeding the epithelial–mesenchymal transition process. Further investigation showed that parecoxib could significantly suppress angiogenesis through the inhibition of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) axis. Notably, treatment with the ERK activator phorbol myristate acetate upregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, MMP‐9, and VEGF and reversed the function of parecoxib in HCC cells. Besides, parecoxib displayed its antitumor efficacy in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that parecoxib ameliorates HCC progression by regulating proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis through the ERK–VEGF/MMPs signaling pathway.
Cervical length measurement between 11 and 13 + 6 weeks of pregnancy: Comparison of maternal and ultrasonographic characteristics between term and preterm deliveries
Authors: Vieira Carolina Gonçalves , Velarde Luis Guillermo Coca , de Sá Renato Augusto Moreira , Baião Ana Elisa Rodrigues , Araujo Júnior Edward 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the maternal and ultrasonographic characteristics of pregnant women who underwent cervical length (CL) measurement by transvaginal ultrasound between 11 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation and who delivered at term or preterm.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out between March 2013 and December 2018 by analyzing ultrasound data of singleton pregnant women who underwent CL measurement by transvaginal ultrasound during the first trimester scan. CL was compared between the two groups (full‐term and preterm birth [PB]) using Student's t‐test.ResultsA total of 5097 pregnant women were enrolled, of whom 5061 (99.3%) had term and 36 (0.7%) had PB < 34 weeks. CL measurements did not differ between the term and preterm groups (36.62 vs. 37.83 mm, p = 0.08). Maternal age showed a significant and linear association with CL (r = 0.034, p = 0.012) and CRL (r = 0.086, p < 0.001). Smoking status was associated with shorter CL (36.64 vs. 35.09 mm, p = 0.003). When we analyzed the CL of the pregnant women in the term and preterm groups, according to the gestational age cut‐offs for prematurity (28, 30, 32, and 34 weeks), we found that there was no significant difference between the measurements in all groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionWe observed no significant differences between CL measurements between 11 and 13 + 6 weeks in pregnant women who had preterm and term deliveries. Gestational age and CRL showed a significant and linear association with CL measurement.
Practice locations of physicians with highly educated spouses in Japan: A cross‐sectional study using National Census Data
Authors: Miyawaki Atsushi , Tomio Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundHaving highly educated spouses may influence physicians' choice of practice location.MethodsWe analyzed a representative physician sample in the 2020 Japan Population Census.ResultsRegression analyses adjusting for physicians' characteristics showed that physicians married to highly educated (with a graduate degree) spouses were less likely to practice in low physician supply areas (LPSAs) than other married physicians (adjusted, 7.8% vs. 9.1%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72–0.98).ConclusionHaving highly educated spouses was associated with a lower likelihood of practicing in LPSAs. Qualitative research is needed to explore how spousal academic attainment influences physicians' practice location choices.