bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of Afirma gene expression classifier, Afirma gene sequencing classifier, ThyroSeq v2 and ThyroSeq v3 for indeterminate (Bethesda III and IV) thyroid nodules: a meta-analysis
Authors: Vardarli Irfan , Tan Susanne , Görges Rainer , Krämer Bernhard K , Herrmann Ken , Brochhausen Christoph 
Published: May 2024

Objective
The management of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology (ITN) is still a challenge. To evaluate the performance of commercial molecular tests for ITN, we performed this comprehensive meta-analysis.

Methods
We performed an electronic search using PubMed/Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of Afirma gene expression classifier (GEC), Afirma gene sequencing classifier (GSC), ThyroSeq v2 (TSv2), or ThyroSeq v3 (TSv3) in patients with ITN (only Bethesda category III or IV) were selected; Statistical analyses were performed by using Stata.

Results
Seventy-one samples (GEC, n = 38; GSC, n = 16; TSv2, n = 9; TSv3, n = 8) in 53 studies, involving 6490 fine needle aspirations (FNAs) with ITN cytology with molecular diagnostics (GEC, GSC, TSv2, or TSv3), were included in the study. The meta-analysis showed the following pooled estimates: sensitivity 0.95 (95% CI: 0.94–0.97), specificity 0.35 (0.28–0.43), positive likelihood ratio (LR+) 1.5 (1.3–1.6), and negative likelihood ratio (LR−) 0.13 (0.09–0.19), with the best performance for TSv3 (area under the ROC curve 0.95 (0.93–0.96), followed by TSv2 (0.90 (0.87–0.92)), GSC (0.86 (0.82–0.88)), and GEC (0.82 (0.78–0.85)); the best rule-out property was observed for GSC (LR−, 0.07 (0.02–0.19)), followed by TSv3 (0.11 (0.05–0.24)) and GEC (0.16 (0.10–0.28), and the best rule-in was observed for TSv2 (LR+, 2,9 (1.4–4.6)), followed by GSC (1.9 (1.6–2.4)). A meta-regression analysis revealed that study design, Bethesda category, and type of molecular test were independent factors.

Conclusion
We showed that in patients with ITN, TSv3 has the best molecular diagnostic performance, followed by TSv2, GSC, and GEC. As regards rule-out malignancy, GSC, and rule-in, TSV2 is superior to other tests.
Phase-field simulations opening new horizons in corrosion research
Authors: Martínez-Pañeda Emilio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article overviews a new, recent success of phase-field modeling: its application to predicting the evolution of the corrosion front and the associated structural integrity challenges. Despite its important implications for society, predicting corrosion damage has been an elusive goal for scientists and engineers. The application of phase-field modeling to corrosion not only enables tracking the electrolyte–metal interface, but also provides an avenue to explicitly simulate the underlying mesoscale physical processes. This lays the groundwork for developing the first generation of mechanistic corrosion models, which can capture key phenomena such as film rupture and repassivation, the transition from activation- to diffusion-controlled corrosion, interactions with mechanical fields, microstructural and electrochemical effects, intergranular corrosion, material biodegradation, and the interplay with other environmentally assisted damage phenomena such as hydrogen embrittlement.

Graphical abstract
The role of lay people in religious education. The competency of correlation of the religious education teacher
Authors: Reimer Tibor 
Published: May 2024

The quality of religious education in schools is primarily a matter of the quality of the religious education teachers. In this paper we want to explore different professional perspectives on the acquired competences of the religious education teacher and we want to focus our attention on his specific competency of correlation to linking faith and the life of pupils, Church and school, and Church and society. Therefore, we understand the religious education teacher as a “tightrope walker” who is able to maintain a balance between these different environments.
Problemy społeczne XXI wieku w przepowiadaniu piekarskim do kobiet
Authors: Szewczyk Leszek 
Published: May 2024

Piekary Śląskie is a place usually associated with the Marian sanctuary of Our Lady of Piekary — the Mother of Justice and Social Love. State pilgrimages of women and girls to Piekary Śląskie are events of pastoral and cultural importance that go far beyond the borders of the local Church. Social issues are strongly emphasized during the pilgrimages. A special feature is the welcome speeches delivered by the bishops of Katowice. This paper offers an analysis of speeches by Archbishop Damian Zimoń and Archbishop Wiktor Skworc, delivered during state pilgrimages of women and girls to the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Piekary in 2001–2022. The addresses include description and critical analysis of current complex social problems in Poland. The speakers focused mainly on the issues of life and human dignity, marriage and family, civil rights and duties, respect for the poor and weak, dignity of human labour, social solidarity and natural environmental care.
Oryginalna synteza nauczania Soboru Watykańskiego II. 50. rocznica wydania „U podstaw odnowy” kard. Karola Wojtyły
Authors: Dobrzyński Andrzej 
Published: May 2024

The article shows that monograph “Sources of Renewal. The Implementation of Vatican II” by Karol Wojtyła is an innovative interpretation of the conciliar doctrine, aimed at deepening the awareness of faith and forming a Christian attitude of responsibility for the revealed truth and for the community of the Church. In presenting this issue, reference is made to reviews of the book published in Poland and abroad, noting also the genesis of the monograph and the history of its editions and translations into foreign languages. Such a perspective, without entering into a substantive analysis of the book’s content, nevertheless entitles one to conclude that Wojtyła’s monograph is an undervalued position in the contemporary discussion about Vatican II, as well as for understanding John Paul II’s pontificate as an intellectual and pastoral process of conciliar reception. Therefore, in-depth studies on the monograph are needed, as well as further editions of the monograph with an appropriate introduction and indexes to facilitate its reading.
Detection frequency and duration of circulating antiphospholipid syndrome markers in patients with verified COVID-19
Authors: Mikhailova Yu. V. , Chepurchenko N. V. , Obriadina A. P. 
Published: May 2024

Aim: to develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent tests for assessing the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) markers and determine prevalence of three antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) types at different COVID-19 stages. Materials and Methods. A comparative longitudinal controlled study was conducted by examining 120 subjects with COVID-19 diagnosis verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Donor serum samples collected before November 2019 were used as a control group. The laboratory study included measurement of IgA, IgM and IgG against β2-glycoprotein 1 (β2-GP1), cardiolipin, phosphatidylserine-prothrombin complex (PS-PT) by using domestically produced test systems based on indirect two-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Validation of the developed experimental tests was carried out in comparison with foreign commercial analogues in accordance with international standards. Alternative antigenic targets for effective diagnosis of antibodies against β2-GP1 were studied. Analyzing rate of aPL in patients at different COVID-19 stages showed that in acute vs. convalescence stage it was higher by 1.3-fold (81.7 and 65.0 %, respectively). The first rank detection place was assigned to IgG against β2-GP1, cardiolipin and PS-PT, the second – IgM against cardiolipin. The profile of the detected antibodies changed at various COVID-19 stages driven by time frame elapsed from the moment of diagnosis. Conclusion. Recombinant constructs are created and analytical conditions are optimized for determining various aPL types. It was shown that along with other viral infections, COVID-19 triggers autoantibody production demonstrating that 54.2 % individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 were positive at least for one autoantibody type. The majority of such virus-associated aPL are presumably transiently positive.
Clinical significance for assessing adaptive hemostasis changes during multiple pregnancy after in vitro fertilization
Authors: Yagubova F. Е. , Bitsadze V. O. , Samburova N. V. , Khizroeva J. Kh. , Makatsariya A. D. 
Published: May 2024

Aim: to assess adaptive hemostasis changes in multiple dichorionic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Materials and Methods. A prospective observational randomized controlled trial was conducted by examining 58 and 46 pregnant women with multiple dichorionic diamniotic twins resulting from applying assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and spontaneous delivery (comparison group), respectively. Hemostasis parameters were studied as follows: activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen, antithrombin, protein C, protein S, functions of protein С (РrоС Global test), D-dimer, platelet aggregation with adenosine-5-diphosphate (ADP), ristocetin, and collagen. Results. A high coagulation potential was revealed, more prominent after using ART (p < 0.05). Fibrinogen level gradually increased while gestation age increased, whereas APTT, PT and TT level decreased. In the group with natural conception, fibrinogen increased by 22 % in the second trimester, reaching 4.5 g/L (95 % CI = 4,2–4,8) and by 6 % in the third trimester, reaching 4.8 g/L (95 % CI = 4,3–5,4), whereas in the IVF group – by 26 %, reaching 5.3 g/L (95 % CI = 4,7–5,6) and by 21 %, reaching (6.5 g/L; 95 % CI = 5,2–6,8) in relevant trimester of pregnancy, respectively. Antithrombin level was lower in IVF patients – 76.8 % (95 % CI = 72.6 – 81.0) in the second trimester, reaching 70.6 % (95 % CI = 64.8–76.4) in the third trimester (p < 0.001). Protein C level did not differ significantly between groups and was low within the reference range. The aggregatogram demonstrated a high platelet hemostatic potential in IVF patients (p < 0.05) as early as in the first trimester: ADP-induced aggregation – 68.3 % (95 % CI = 62.9–73.7), ristocetin-induced aggregation – 53.1 % (95 % = CI 48.7–58.5), collagen-induced aggregation – 58.4 % (95 % CI = 52.1–64.7). In the third trimester, both platelet aggregation and functional activity (ADP-induced aggregation – 64.5 % [95 % CI = 59.3–69.7], ristocetin-induced aggregation – 68.4 % [95 % CI = 63.2–73.6], collagen-induced aggregation – 50.7 % [95 % CI = 44.3–57.1]; p < 0.05) and D-dimer level persistently increased, also more prominently in the IVF group (1.60 ± 0.46 ng/ml; p < 0.05). Conclusion. Gestational adaptation in induced multiple pregnancies is at high risk of breach in compensatory mechanisms and requires monitoring for timely detection of decompensation signs and their correction to prolong pregnancy till optimal delivery time frame.
Dysnatremia as a Mortality Marker in Intensive Care Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Eraslan Doganay Guler , Doganci Melek , Yurtseven Gulsah , Ozanbarci Azra , Kahraman Abdullah , Cirik Ozgur , Ozturk Yalcin Fatma , Hazer Seray , Ensarioglu Kerem 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may cause acute respiratory failure but also remains responsible for many other pathologies, including electrolyte disorders. SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and disrupt water hemostasis with thirst and appetite abnormalities. Dysnatremia affects prognosis and may be associated with mortality in patients admitted to SARS-CoV2 intensive care.
Patients and Methods: The study included 209 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit between April 12, 2021, and March 1, 2022 who were over 18 years old and diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection by clinical and thoracic tomography findings or with a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result.
The laboratory markers, treatment modalities, nutritional, and respiratory support also for outcome evaluation, length of stay in the ICU, total hospitalization duration, and mortality in ICU were recorded.The laboratory marker comparison was made admission with the final assessment performed before the time of mortality in ICU or discharge.
Results: Inotropic requirements among patients were high which was reflected in the first-month mortality. Hypernatremia presence was associated with an increase in enteral support and inotropic support requirement and mortality. Hypernatremia was correlated with diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and a longer duration under mechanical ventilation.
Discussion: Hypernatremia was an important risk factor in ICU patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection, which was also affected by the treatment regimens given itself. This complex relationship underlies the importance of proper electrolyte management, especially in patients who were under severe stress and organ failure.
Midterm Outcomes of Surgical Reconstruction and Spontaneous Recovery of Upper-Extremity Paralysis Following Acute Flaccid Myelitis
Authors: Doi Kazuteru , Hattori Yasunori , Sakamoto Sotetsu , Yii Chia Dawn Sinn , Gour Vijayendrasingh , Sasaki Jun 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a disabling, poliomyelitis-like illness that mainly affects children. Although various surgical interventions are performed for intractable paralysis due to AFM, the timing of surgery and its long-term outcomes have yet to be established, especially for shoulder reconstruction. This study aimed to analyze the midterm outcomes of nonsurgically and surgically treated upper-extremity AFM and the factors influencing shoulder functional outcomes after surgical reconstruction.

Methods:
We retrospectively examined 39 patients with AFM in 50 upper extremities between 2011 and 2019. The degree of spontaneous recovery of completely paralyzed muscles was evaluated at a median of 3, 6, and 37 months after the onset of paralysis. Twenty-seven patients with 29 extremities underwent surgery involving nerve transfer, muscle-tendon transfer, or free muscle transfer for shoulder, elbow, and hand reconstruction.

Results:
Patients with complete paralysis of shoulder abduction at 6 months did not show later recovery. Twenty-two patients with 24 extremities underwent shoulder surgery, and all but 1 were followed for at least 24 months after surgery. Although postoperative shoulder abduction recovery was similar between transfer of the spinal accessory nerve and of the contralateral C7 nerve root to the suprascapular nerve, the outcomes obtained with spinal accessory nerve transfer had more variability, likely related to latent spinal accessory nerve paralysis, shoulder instability related to pectoralis major paralysis, and the type of paralysis. Shoulder abduction recovery was also greatly affected by scapulothoracic joint movement. In contrast, the outcomes of the elbow flexion and hand reconstructions were more consistent and acceptable.

Conclusions:
All patients had loss of shoulder abduction, and restoration of shoulder function was less predictable and depended on the quality of the donor nerves and recovery of the synergistic muscles. Strict donor nerve selection and additional nerve transfer for shoulder reconstruction are imperative for satisfactory outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Solving Sustained Casing Pressure Problems at the Source
Authors: Alam Maqsad , Minor Jerry , Nizami Ghias Uddin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sustained Casing Pressure (SCP) is an industry-wide well integrity problem that increases the risk of uncontrolled formation fluid flow to the environment and unwanted damage to well construction and the shallower water-bearing formations. In some instances, the SCP must be isolated to avoid excessive pressure build-up, which can have a detrimental effect on the well construction and, in the worst case, induce a well control situation.
In some instances where the pressure source is shallow, low-pressure, the solution can plug from the surface by squeezing a plugging fluid into the channel, providing a flow path to the fluids causing the SCP. However, this is only sometimes the case, and if the source is unknown, high-pressure, or deep zone, the problem must be fixed at the source. Squeezing from the surface will only mask the problem and create a scenario where the pressure can no longer be monitored.
One of the common reasons for sustained casing pressure (SCP) is channels or microchannels in cement behind a casing. This can be due to cement debonding from temperature and pressure cycling or even just poor cement job results during the drilling of the well. These channels allow the pressurized formation fluids to flow from the source formation to the surface. The surface area and the geometric shapes of these channels are not uniform along the depth and can create severe resistance to the flow of viscous fluids due to the small surface area. To re-establish the wellbore integrity and mitigate the SCP without compromising the well, these channels need to be plugged with permanent sealing material at or near the source of the fluid.
Due to their small size and torturous flow paths, it is usually difficult and impractical to squeeze the conventional plugging material through these channels. The most suitable sealant for plugging such microchannels is free of particles, has low viscosity, is resistant to contamination, and can be set according to operational requirements. The sealants' high viscosity, solid particles, and short thickening (gelling) time prevent them from penetrating small channels to permanently cure the problem.
This paper presents a solution derived from several successful operations of similar scenarios. It discusses a proven and well-developed polyester thermosetting setting resin-based solution and the deployment techniques to re-establish the well integrity by permanently plugging the microchannels in the casing annuli. It also sheds some light on the benefits of this technology in terms of safety, the environment, and economics.
Update on Exothermic Reaction Technology to Create an Eternal Seal in Wells to be Permanently Abandoned
Authors: Rosnes C. , Hoffman C. , Rudy T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Since 2012, Interwell's thermite/RockSolid technology has explored new barrier materials, understanding exothermic reactions, developing safe and practical operational procedures to discovering and leveraging the value of data during deployment. (Skjold 2012) The exothermic reaction has the benefit of material creation in-situ, resulting in un-influenced barrier materials and properties. This creates high confidence in the material performance. As the materials are created in a known void-space, the process also provides high confidence in barrier placement and placement volume or height. In addition, the process creates surface responses that confirms successful barrier placement through ignition signal, combustion signature through fluid returns, man-made wellbore elements removal via pressure response.
Through extensive scaled testing, we can correlate surface responses during operations with successful barriers in the field. Utilizing DNV's recommended practice A203 to provide a systematic approach to technology qualification as the structural framework for the technology development, we have been able to collect, analyze, and verify these traits of the barrier system. As such, we are able to provide the user with a verified barrier that stops all flow within the borehole from below the setting point, and at the same time support the understanding and verification of the subsurface geology and your abandonment strategy, by no additional means beyond the deployment of the barrier itself. The reason for this is how the exothermic reaction behaves, what it produces, and that we can verify the process steps. Unlike most traditional methods, the insight into the deployment process through the extensive R&D work done, you can now use the deployment process to adapt your future strategy based on the information from the deployment.
Enhancing Geothermal Wells Integrity: Key Considerations and Challenges from Drilling to Production
Authors: AlGaiar Mahmoud , Afolabi Jonathan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Geothermal energy is widely acknowledged as a renewable and sustainable energy source, capable of reducing carbon footprint, with great potential in the global energy sector, particularly in power generation. Geothermal wells are the key infrastructure that enables the extraction of thermal energy from the subsurface. To ensure the long-term productivity and performance of geothermal systems, it is critical to maintain the integrity of geothermal wells throughout their lifecycle, from drilling to production. This paper provides an overview of the key considerations and solutions associated with maintaining geothermal wells integrity through a case study of a prospective geothermal exploration campaign in the Middle East.
Maintaining well barriers integrity presents a significant challenge due to the degradation of drilling and completion fluids, fluids property variations, and cement strength degradation from pressure and temperature cycling during production. Other integrity concerns include casing expansion at high temperatures, buckling and decoupling of casings, casing corrosion, wellhead thermal expansion, and scaling. Recognizing downhole conditions, structural geology, geochemistry, geomechanics, subsurface temperature profiling, and rock-water-fluid interactions offer solutions for addressing challenges associated with geothermal activities. This knowledge is utilized to determine the most efficient wellbore design, customize drilling and completion fluids design with laboratory testing to simulate the anticipated bottom hole temperature, identify the optimal mud weight window, select casing materials and completion components, and aid in drill bits selection. Robust primary cement and cement plugs design, along with best practices during cementing operations, are present to ensure effective zonal isolation, minimize risks, and maintain long-term well integrity. Additionally, pressure testing, cement bond evaluation, and temperature monitoring are critical for identifying potential leaks or failures in the well system.
In conclusion, ensuring the integrity of geothermal wells from drilling to production is essential for the long-term performance and productivity of geothermal systems. This paper will review casing selection, drilling, and completion fluids design, cementing design and practices, and proactive monitoring to achieve optimal structural integrity throughout the operational lifetime of the well. By sharing these insights, this paper provides a summary of current solutions to geothermal well integrity issues with the objective of promoting sustainable and reliable resource development.