bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of reactive blue 19 and reactive blue 49 textile dyes by citrus waste biomass from aqueous solution: Equilibrium and kinetic study
Authors: Asgher Mahwish , Bhatti Haq Nawaz 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to establish the potential of inexpensive and locally available biomaterial, that is, lignocellulosic waste of Citrus sinensis as biosorbent to remove reactive anthraquinone dyes from aqueous solution. The effects of immobilisation and chemical treatment of biosorbent were also explored for the enhanced sorption of dyes. Biosorbent was chemically treated with organic and inorganic reagents of which acetic acid augmented the sorption capacities for Reactive blue 19 and Reactive blue 49 attaining equilibrium in 60 min. While immobilisation of biosorbent into calcium alginate beads reduced the sorption capacity and the time to achieve equilibrium was prolonged up to 120 min. Sorption of both reactive dyes was found to be dependent on pH of media and maximum removal was observed at pH 2. The sorption process was fast and the data followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetic rate equation (R2 = 0.99). The equilibrium data were also fitted to Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. The mechanism of sorption was found to be physiosorption. FTIR analysis and SEM imaging of biosorbent were also carried out to study functional groups involved and morphological changes at the surface of biomass. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
The limit of ethnocentric perceptions in civil war peace negotiations
Authors: Lee Sung Yong 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper is an empirical study to demonstrate the effect of the ethnocentric cultures of both Western interveners and national warring factions on civil war peace negotiations. By examining the peace negotiations in Cambodia and Angola, it demonstrates that actors' cultural values have significant effects on the formation of their goals, domestic resources, interveners' pressure and incentives, and contents of peace proposals. This paper also reveals that the strategic decisions of the national factions in the two cases varied according to the combined effects of the four factors just mentioned.
The safety and tolerability of GLP‐1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a review
Authors: Aroda Vanita R. , Ratner Robert 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAlthough several classes of pharmacotherapy are available for type 2 diabetes, glycaemic control is often hampered by medication‐related adverse effects and contraindications such as renal impairment. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists provide a new pharmacotherapeutic option based on the multiple glucose‐lowering effects of the human hormone GLP‐1. This mechanism of action not only provides therapeutic efficacy but also suggests that GLP‐1 receptor agonists have distinct safety and tolerability concerns compared with other diabetes therapies. Stimulation of pancreatic insulin secretion by GLP‐1 receptor agonists is glucose dependent, conferring a lesser risk of hypoglycaemia than that seen with sulfonylureas. Individual GLP‐1 receptor agonists differ in their metabolism and excretion profiles, affecting the choice of agent for patients with renal impairment. As with other protein‐based therapies, GLP‐1 receptor agonists may induce the formation of antibodies that may attenuate therapeutic efficacy and affect safety. Conclusions on cardiovascular safety must await outcomes studies, but at present no signal of harm has been reported, and preclinical data and effects on risk markers suggest a potential for benefit. Current data on thyroid medullary cancer in humans and pancreatic malignancy in rodents do not suggest that there is any reason to restrict the clinical use of GLP‐1 analogues in most people with diabetes. It is currently difficult to ascertain the possible contributory role of GLP‐1 receptor agonists in increasing the risk of pancreatitis, and vigilance for signs and symptoms is prudent. Primary tolerability issues include transient gastrointestinal symptoms, common with GLP‐1 receptor agonists, which can be reduced through dose titration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of modeling of EMTP analysis for indoor distribution line
Authors: Abe Toshiya , Tsuboi Toshihiro , Sakamoto Yoshiki , Miyazaki Teru , Okabe Shigemitsu 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDamage to home electric appliances due to lightning surges has recently become more common. The installation of SPDs (surge protective devices) in interior wiring is a countermeasure against damage and is also becoming more widespread after amendment of the regulation on indoor wires in 2005. Past study showed an effective method in which the earth line of the SPD is connected with that of home appliances and is grounded at one place in the home. However, because the methods of installing the distribution line in homes vary, it is difficult to estimate the effect of SPDs in every home, and high‐precision analysis by EMTP for interior wiring and SPD in the home is required. In this study, experiments were conducted with interior wiring and varistors, which constitute SPDs, and this paper reports the results of those experiments and of EMTP analytical models. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(4): 24–33, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21062
TSLP enhances the function of helper type 2 cells
Authors: Kitajima Masayuki , Lee Hai‐Chon , Nakayama Toshinori , Ziegler Steven F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has been implicated in the development and progression of allergic inflammation in both humans and mice. TSLP has been shown to promote a Th2‐type response through upregulation of OX40L on dendritic cells, and through direct induction of IL‐4 production in naïve CD4+ T cells. However, its direct effect on effector Th cells has not been extensively investigated. In this study, we show that the level of TSLP receptor (TSLPR) expression on mouse effector Th2 cells is higher than on Th1 and Th17 cells, and that TSLP induced proliferation of effector Th2, but not Th1 nor Th17 cells. TSLP also induced the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 5, and expression of the anti‐apoptotic factor Bcl‐2 in Th2 cells. Finally, TSLP‐mediated proliferation on Th2 cells was enhanced by TCR stimulation, through IL‐4‐mediated induction of TSLPR expression. Taken together, these results indicate that TSLP is involved in exacerbation of mouse Th2‐mediated allergic inflammation in a Th2 environment through direct stimulation of Th2 effector cells.
Organocatalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary Carbon‐Containing Isoindolin‐1‐ones
Authors: Yu Xiaolei , Wang Youming , Wu Guiping , Song Haibin , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Chuchi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract3,3′‐Triphenylsilyl‐substituted (S)‐BINOL‐based (1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol) phosphoric acid has proven to be an effective organocatalyst for the asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles with 3‐substituted 3‐hydroxyisoindolin‐1‐ones, affording the corresponding quaternary carbon‐containing 3,3‐disubstituted isoindolin‐1‐ones in good yields (up to 99 %) with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 95 % ee). The optical purity of the product was further improved after a single recrystallization. This protocol provides a convenient method for the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of valuable 3,3‐disubstituted isoindolin‐1‐ones in high yields and enantioselectivities.
Sensitive Hydrazine Detection Using a Porous Mn2O3 Nanofibers‐Based Sensor
Authors: Ding Yu , Hou Changjun , Li Baikun , Lei Yu 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFollowing a facile two‐step synthetic route (electrospinning and subsequent calcination), highly porous Mn2O3 nanofibers (Ø 105 nm) were fabricated. The as‐prepared Mn2O3 nanofibers were applied to construct an amperometric sensor for hydrazine detection in neutral phosphate buffer. The developed hydrazine sensor showed a fast response time (within 5 s), a wide linear range up to 644 µM, a high sensitivity of 474 µA mM−1 cm−2, a good limit of detection of 0.3 µM (S/N=3) as well as good reproducibility and selectivity. These results demonstrate that Mn2O3 nanofibers have great potential in the application of hydrazine detection.
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics: Approximate zero‐consistent 2‐D boundary conditions and still shallow‐water tests
Authors: Vacondio R. , Rogers B. D. , Stansby P. K. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYsmoothed particle hydrodynamics; boundary conditions; shallow water equations; source terms; virtual boundary particles; still waterIn this paper, an approximate modified virtual boundary particle method (MVBP) for solid boundary conditions in a two‐dimensional (2‐D) smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model is presented; this is a development of the original VBP method recently proposed by Ferrari et al. (Comput. Fluids 2009; 38(6): 1203–1217). The aim is to maintain the zeroth moment of the kernel function as closely as possible to unity, a property referred to as zero‐consistency, for particles close to solid boundaries. The performance of the new method in approximating zero‐consistency in the presence of complicated boundaries is demonstrated where we show that the MVBP method improves the accuracy of the zeroth moment by almost an order of magnitude. Shallow‐water flows are an important two‐dimensional (2‐D) application and provide the simple test case of still water. The shallow‐water equations (SWEs) are thus considered in SPH form and the zero‐consistency approximation is tested for still water in domains with different boundaries: a circle and two squares, one with an additional internal angle of 300∘ and one with four internal angles of 345∘. We demonstrate that for an internal angle of 300∘, the MVBP method demonstrates numerical convergence to still‐water conditions whereas both mirror particles and the VBP method cannot. The method is also demonstrated for the dynamic case of a circular dam break interacting with an outer circular wall where conventional mirror particles fail to prevent particles passing through the solid wall. The SPH SWEs are further generalized through a new method for discretizing the bed source term allowing arbitrarily complicated bathymetries. The resulting formulation is tested by considering many different bed shapes in still water: submerged and surface‐piercing humps, a submerged step, a submerged and surface‐piercing parabolic bed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase precession and variable spatial scaling in a periodic attractor map model of medial entorhinal grid cells with realistic after‐spike dynamics
Authors: Navratilova Zaneta , Giocomo Lisa M. , Fellous Jean‐Marc , Hasselmo Michael E , McNaughton Bruce L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe present a model that describes the generation of the spatial (grid fields) and temporal (phase precession) properties of medial entorhinal cortical (MEC) neurons by combining network and intrinsic cellular properties. The model incorporates network architecture derived from earlier attractor map models, and is implemented in 1D for simplicity. Periodic driving of conjunctive (position × head‐direction) layer‐III MEC cells at theta frequency with intensity proportional to the rat's speed, moves an ‘activity bump’ forward in network space at a corresponding speed. The addition of prolonged excitatory currents and simple after‐spike dynamics resembling those observed in MEC stellate cells (for which new data are presented) accounts for both phase precession and the change in scale of grid fields along the dorso‐ventral axis of MEC. Phase precession in the model depends on both synaptic connectivity and intrinsic currents, each of which drive neural spiking either during entry into, or during exit out of a grid field. Thus, the model predicts that the slope of phase precession changes between entry into and exit out of the field. The model also exhibits independent variation in grid spatial period and grid field size, which suggests possible experimental tests of the model. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Triethylamine‐Catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of Oxathiolanes Containing a Highly Polarized Carbon‐Carbon Double Bond from Reaction of Malononitrile, Carbon Disulfide (CS2), and Oxiranes
Authors: Yavari Issa , Ghazanfarpour‐Darjani Majid , Solgi Yazdan , Ahmadian Salomeh 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of functionalized 2‐(1,3‐oxathiolan‐2‐ylidene)malononitriles containing a push‐pull CC bond via a simple reaction between malononitrile, CS2, and oxiranes in the presence of Et3N is described (Scheme 1).
neo‐Clerodane Diterpenoids from the Aerial Part of Scutellaria barbata
Authors: Lee Hanna , Hee Shim Sang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThree new neo‐clerodane diterpenoids, barbatellarines C–E (1–3), were isolated from the CHCl3‐soluble fraction of the aerial part of Scutellaria barbata. Their chemical structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of NMR and MS data. Compounds 1 and 2 were C(13) epimers, which was confirmed by an NOE difference experiment and the NOESY spectrum. The relative configuration was determined on the basis of the 1H‐NMR J‐value and NOE data, while the absolute configuration of the previously isolated analogue, barbatellarine B (4), as a representative member of the group, was assigned by CD analysis.
Dammarane Triterpenes from Gardenia aubryiVieill.
Authors: Grougnet Raphaël , Magiatis Prokopios , Mitaku Sofia , Skaltsounis Alexios‐Leandros , Cabalion Pierre , Tillequin François , Michel Sylvie 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThree new dammarane triterpenoids, gardaubryones A–C (1–3), were isolated from the gum collected on the aerial parts of Gardenia aubryi Vieill., together with the known compounds hydroxydammarenone II (4), ocotillone (5), cabraleone, and hollongdione. The structures of the novel compounds were established on the basis of mass spectrometry, NMR experiments, and chemical‐correlation reactions.
Identifying step changes in single streamflow and evaporation records due to forest cover change
Authors: Chappell Nick A. , Tych Wlodek 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTechniques that identify forestry‐induced changes to streamflow or evaporation are needed to assess available water resources. Equally, there is a growing appreciation that climate cycles may be having a profound impact on the land‐surface hydrology. The ability to see forestry‐induced change above the effects of climate dynamics, therefore, becomes a critical issue. Paired‐catchment analyses have proved very valuable in identifying change, but cannot quantify the relative impacts of climate and land‐cover change, and data from adjacent reference basins are not always available. Within this study, we examined whether step changes within single time‐series of streamflow or evaporation (P‐Q) could be identified without reference to those of a control catchment. The UC‐DHR method was used for this analysis, and included a special routine to allow a known change‐point (e.g. start of logging) to be specified or alternatively identified by the model. Data from three experimental catchments important for their seminal forestry impact studies were selected for the analyses.The study demonstrated that clear‐cutting 29% of the Hore catchment and 40% selective felling of the Berembun basin produced a step change in the discharge trend that was clearly observable above the climate‐related dynamics and uncertainty. In contrast, step changes in P‐Q following the same selective felling event or following 22% afforestation of the Upper Hodder basin were not larger than the uncertainty bands or magnitude of the inter‐annual cycles produced by the climate dynamics, respectively. This demonstrates that while step changes can be observed in single hydrological time‐series, errors within the observations can sometimes mask the identification of change. This masking of change is also possible where the longer‐term cyclical behaviour in Q or P‐Q from natural climate dynamics is large, while the spatial extent of forestry change is small. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivariate analysis of flood characteristics in a climate change context of the watershed of the Baskatong reservoir, Province of Québec, Canada
Authors: Aissia M.‐A. Ben , Chebana F. , Ouarda T. B. M. J. , Roy L. , Desrochers G. , Chartier I. , Robichaud É. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe analysis of the impact of climate change (CC) on flood peaks has been the subject of several studies. However, a flood is characterized not only by its peak, but also by other characteristics such as its volume and duration. Little effort has been directed towards the study of the impact of CC on these characteristics. The aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare flood characteristics in a CC context, in the watershed of the Baskatong reservoir (Province of Québec, Canada). Comparisons are based on observed flow data and simulated flow series obtained from hydrological models using meteorological data from a regional climate model for a reference period (1971–2000) and a future period (2041–2070). To this end, two hydrological models HSAMI and HYDROTEL are considered. Correlations, stationarity, change‐points, and the multivariate behaviour of flood series were studied. The results show that, at various levels, all flood characteristics could be affected by CC. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating a home‐based dyadic intervention: Changes in postpartum depression, maternal perceptions, and mother–infant interactions
Authors: Paris Ruth , Bolton Rendelle E. , Spielman Eda 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPsychotherapeutic treatments that focus on improving the relational processes between mothers with postpartum depression (PPD) and their infants, as well as the mother's individual therapeutic needs, have a great potential to positively impact the mother, her infant, and their relationship (K.J. Nylen, T.E. Moran, C.L. Franklin, & M. O'Hara, 2006). Utilizing pilot data from an evaluation of a home‐based dyadic therapy for mothers with PPD and their infants, this article reports on a recent academic–community partnership study. The effectiveness of the intervention was examined, specifically regarding changes in mother's mood, parenting experience, and relationship with her infant. In addition, associations were examined among maternal self‐report variables measuring change from pre‐ to posttreatment in PPD, psychological distress, and maternal perceptions of parenting and those variables measuring change in observer ratings of maternal–infant interactions. Results showed improvements in mothers' depression, distress, and perceptions of parenting as well as many ratings of mothers' interactions with their infants. However, only improvements in maternal perceptions of parenting, such as maternal self‐esteem and parenting stress, were associated with better mother–‐infant interactions. Importance of this research for the field of infant mental health as well as clinical implications are discussed.
Protein kinase D in vascular biology and angiogenesis
Authors: Evans Ian M. , Zachary Ian C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Protein Kinase D (PKD) family comprises diacylglycerol stimulated serine/threonine protein kinases that participate in many key signaling pathways in a diverse range of cells. Recent studies show that PKD isoforms 1 and 2 play critical roles in vascular biology and angiogenesis and there has been considerable progress in determining some of the key angiogenic signaling pathways mediated by PKD in endothelial cells. Less is currently known regarding the specific roles of PKD isoforms in endothelial cells and the role of PKD in smooth muscle cells. PKD is also emerging as a potentially important mediator of tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis and there is growing interest in PKD as a novel therapeutic target in cancer. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(4): 258–263, 2011
Quantum mechanical binding free energy calculation for phosphopeptide inhibitors of the Lck SH2 domain
Authors: Anisimov Victor M. , Cavasotto Claudio N. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe accurate and efficient calculation of binding free energies is essential in computational biophysics. We present a linear‐scaling quantum mechanical (QM)‐based end‐point method termed MM/QM‐COSMO to calculate binding free energies in biomolecular systems, with an improved description of entropic changes. Molecular dynamics trajectories are re‐evaluated using a semiempirical Hamiltonian and a continuum solvent model; translational and rotational entropies are calculated using configurational integrals, and internal entropy is calculated using the harmonic oscillator approximation. As an application, we studied the binding of a series of phosphotyrosine tetrapeptides to the human Lck SH2 domain, a key component in intracellular signal transduction, modulation of which can have therapeutic relevance in the treatment of cancer, osteoporosis, and autoimmune diseases. Calculations with molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann, and generalized Born surface area methods showed large discrepancies with experimental data stemming from the enthalpic component, in agreement with an earlier report. The empirical force field‐based solvent interaction energy scoring function yielded improved results, with average unsigned error of 3.6 kcal/mol, and a better ligand ranking. The MM/QM‐COSMO method exhibited the best agreement both for absolute (average unsigned error = 0.7 kcal/mol) and relative binding free energy calculations. These results show the feasibility and promise of a full QM‐based end‐point method with an adequate balance of accuracy and computational efficiency. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2011
The application of nanoparticles in gene therapy and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Herranz Fernando , Almarza Elena , Rodríguez Ignacio , Salinas Beatriz , Rosell Yamilka , Desco Manuel , Bulte Jeff W. , Ruiz‐Cabello Jesús 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe combination of nanoparticles, gene therapy, and medical imaging has given rise to a new field known as gene theranostics, in which a nanobioconjugate is used to diagnose and treat the disease. The process generally involves binding between a vector carrying the genetic information and a nanoparticle, which provides the signal for imaging. The synthesis of this probe generates a synergic effect, enhancing the efficiency of gene transduction and imaging contrast. We discuss the latest approaches in the synthesis of nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging, gene therapy strategies, and their conjugation and in vivo application. © Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A detailed morphological study of the vomeronasal organ and the accessory olfactory bulb of cats
Authors: Salazar Ignacio , Sánchez‐Quinteiro Pablo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe organization of the vomeronasal system (VNS) of fetal, newborn, and adult cats was investigated by microdissection and microscopic examination of sections stained conventionally or with lectins (UEA‐1, LEA) or antibodies against proteins Gαi2 (associated with vomeronasal receptor type1) and Gαo (associated with receptor vomeronasal receptor type2). The feline VNS is morphologically similar to that of other mammals. Staining with lectins and anti‐Gαi2 was uniform throughout the sensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ, and throughout the nervous and glomerular layers of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB); anti‐Gαo stained no VNS tissue. This organization places the cat together with several other domestic or farm animals (dog, horse, sheep, goat, pig) in a group of mammals with just a single path of communication between the sensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ and AOB, in contrast to the two‐path model found in rodents and other mammals (in which apical and basal sensory epithelium layers project to rostral and caudal AOB areas, respectively). However, the cat differs from the sheep and pig in that the development of its VNS is still incomplete at birth. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.