bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and removal of total chromium from wastewater using scrap iron in the form of zerovalent iron(ZVI): Batch and column studies
Authors: Prasad P. V. V. V. , Das Chandan , Golder Animes Kumar 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis work experimentally investigates Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) using waste scrap iron in the form of zerovalent iron (ZVI) collected from the mechanical workshop of the Institute, both in batch and continuous operation. The reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) was found to be complete (∼100%) depending on the experimental conditions. Lower pH values favour Cr(VI) reduction. Two concurrent reactions take place, that is reduction of Cr(VI) by Fe0 (ZVI) and by Fe2+ generated due to H+ corrosion of iron. Maximum around 22%, 11% and 2% Cr(III) remained dissolved in solution while the experiments were carried out at initial pH of 2, 4.67 and 7. Higher ZVI loading increases Cr(VI) reduction rate, however, consumption of iron is noted to be higher. The results indicate that the bed is exhausted rapidly at higher pH, initial Cr(VI) concentration and flow rate. This is attributable to predominance passivation of ZVI surface forming Cr(III)–Fe(III)‐oxide layer. SEM analysis of ZVI before and after the experiments confirms formation of passive oxide on iron surface is responsible for deterioration of Cr(VI) reduction efficiency due to its blanketing effect.
Symptomatic mucocutaneous toxicity of hydroxyurea in Philadelphia chromosome‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Latagliata Roberto , Spadea Antonio , Cedrone Michele , Di Giandomenico Jonny , De Muro Marianna , Villivà Nicoletta , Breccia Massimo , Anaclerico Barbara , Porrini Raffaele , Spirito Francesca , Rago Angela , Avvisati Giuseppe , Alimena Giuliana , Montanaro Marco , Andriani Alessandro ,   and Gruppo Laziale SMPC Ph1 neg
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The current study was conducted to evaluate severe mucocutaneous toxicity during treatment with hydroxyurea (HU) in a large cohort of patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).METHODS:Among 993 consecutive patients newly diagnosed with MPN at 4 centers in Rome between January 1980 and December 2009, 614 patients (277 men and 337 women with a median age of 64.4 years [interquartile range (IR), 54.4 years‐72.7 years]) received HU. HU was administered as first‐line treatment in 523 patients (85.2%) and as ≥ second‐line treatment in 91 patients (14.8%).RESULTS:Mucocutaneous toxicity was reported in 51 patients (8.3%) after a median period from the initiation of HU treatment of 32.1 months (IR, 10.5 months‐74.6 months) and a mean HU dose of 1085 mg (± 390 mg); 30 patients (58.8%) developed a painful ulcerative skin toxicity, mainly located in the perimalleolar area; 11 patients (21.6%) had oral aphthous ulcers; and 10 patients (19.6%) developed a nonulcerative skin toxicity with erythema and skin infiltration. After the mucocutaneous toxicity occurred, HU treatment was continued at the same dose in 5 patients (9.8%), reduced in 12 patients (23.5%), and temporarily discontinued in 7 patients (13.7%); the remaining 27 patients (52.9%) required a permanent drug discontinuation. After a median period of 4.3 months (IR, 2.4 months‐9.0 months) from the onset of the skin toxicity, 39 patients (76.5%) had a complete resolution and 12 patients (23.5%) had improvement without complete resolution.CONCLUSIONS:Mucocutaneous toxicity during HU treatment is more common than expected and may present with different clinical features. Moreover, it often requires a permanent drug discontinuation and only a partial resolution is reported to occur in approximately 25% of patients. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Eradication of chemotherapy‐resistant CD44+ human ovarian cancer stem cells in mice by intraperitoneal administration of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin
Authors: Casagrande Francesca , Cocco Emiliano , Bellone Stefania , Richter Christine E. , Bellone Marta , Todeschini Paola , Siegel Eric , Varughese Joyce , Arin‐Silasi Dan , Azodi Masoud , Rutherford Thomas J. , Pecorelli Sergio , Schwartz Peter E. , Santin Alessandro D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Emerging evidence has suggested that the capability to sustain tumor formation, growth, and chemotherapy resistance in ovarian as well as other human malignancies exclusively resides in a small proportion of tumor cells termed cancer stem cells. During the characterization of CD44+ ovarian cancer stem cells, we found a high expression of the genes encoding for claudin‐4. Because this tight junction protein is the natural high‐affinity receptor for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), we have extensively investigated the sensitivity of ovarian cancer stem cells to CPE treatment in vitro and in vivo.METHODS:Real‐time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry were used to evaluate claudin‐3/‐4 expression in ovarian cancer stem cells. Small interfering RNA knockdown experiments and MTS assays were used to evaluate CPE‐induced cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer stem cell lines in vitro. C.B‐17/SCID mice harboring ovarian cancer stem cell xenografts were used to evaluate CPE therapeutic activity in vivo.RESULTS:CD44+ ovarian cancer stem cells expressed claudin‐4 gene at significantly higher levels than matched autologous CD44− ovarian cancer cells, and regardless of their higher resistance to chemotherapeutic agents died within 1 hour after exposure to 1.0 μg/mL of CPE in vitro. Conversely, small‐interfering RNA‐mediated knockdown of claudin‐3/‐4 expression in CD44+ cancer stem cells significantly protected cancer stem cells from CPE‐induced cytotoxicity. Importantly, multiple intraperitoneal administrations of sublethal doses of CPE in mice harboring xenografts of chemotherapy‐resistant CD44+ ovarian cancer stem cells had a significant inhibitory effect on tumor progression leading to the cure and/or long‐term survival of all treated animals (ie, 100% reduction in tumor burden in 50% of treated mice; P < .0001).CONCLUSIONS:CPE may represent an unconventional, potentially highly effective strategy to eradicate chemotherapy‐resistant cancer stem cells. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Comprehensive pathway‐based interrogation of genetic variations in the nucleotide excision DNA repair pathway and risk of bladder cancer
Authors: Xing Jinliang , Dinney Colin P. , Shete Sanjay , Huang Maosheng , Hildebrandt Michelle A. , Chen Zhinan , Gu Jian 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Growing evidence suggests that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway genes play an important role in bladder cancer etiology. However, only a limited number of genes and variations in this pathway have been evaluated to date.METHODS:In this study, the authors applied a comprehensive pathway‐based approach to assess the effects of 207 tagging and potentially functional SNPs in 26 NER genes on bladder cancer risk using a large case‐control study that included 803 bladder cancer cases and 803 controls.RESULTS:In total, 17 SNPs were associated significantly with altered bladder cancer risk (P < .05), of which, 7 SNPs retained noteworthiness after they were assessed with a Bayesian approach for the probability of false discovery. The most noteworthy SNP was reference SNP 11132186 (rs11132186) in the inhibitor of growth family, member 2 (ING2) gene. Compared with the major allele‐containing genotypes, the odds ratio was 0.52 (95% confidence interval, 0.32‐0.83; P = .005) for the homozygous variant genotype. Three additional ING2 variants also exhibited significant associations with bladder cancer risk. Significant gene‐smoking interactions were observed for 3 of the top 17 SNPs. Furthermore, through an exploratory classification and regression tree (CART) analysis, potential gene‐gene interactions were identified.CONCLUSIONS:In this a large association study of the NER pathway and the risk of bladder cancer, several novel predisposition variants were identified along with potential gene‐gene and gene‐environment interactions in modulating bladder cancer risk. The results reinforce the importance of a comprehensive, pathway‐focused, and tagging SNP‐based candidate gene approach to identify low‐penetrance cancer susceptibility loci. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Pilot study of duloxetine for treatment of aromatase inhibitor‐associated musculoskeletal symptoms
Authors: Henry N. Lynn , Banerjee Mousumi , Wicha Max , Van Poznak Catherine , Smerage Jeffrey B. , Schott Anne F. , Griggs Jennifer J. , Hayes Daniel F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Approximately 50% of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor‐positive early stage breast cancer treated with an aromatase inhibitor (AI) develop musculoskeletal symptoms. Standard analgesics are relatively ineffective. Duloxetine is a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with proven efficacy for treatment of multiple chronic pain states. The authors investigated the hypothesis that duloxetine is efficacious for treatment of AI‐associated musculoskeletal symptoms.METHODS:The authors performed a single‐arm, open‐label phase 2 study of duloxetine in postmenopausal women with breast cancer who developed new or worsening pain after treatment with an AI for at least 2 weeks. Patients were treated with duloxetine for 8 weeks (30 mg for 7 days, then 60 mg daily). The primary endpoint was a 30% decrease in average pain score over 8 weeks, and secondary outcomes included change in average and worst pain, pain interference, depression, sleep quality, and hot flashes. Statistical analysis was done with t tests for paired data.RESULTS:Twenty‐one of 29 evaluable patients (72.4%) achieved at least a 30% decrease in average pain, and 18 of 23 patients (78.3%) who completed protocol‐directed treatment continued duloxetine. The mean percentage reduction in average pain severity between baseline and 8 weeks was 60.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48.6%‐73.1%), and in maximum pain severity it was 59.9% (95% CI, 47.0‐72.7%). The most common adverse events were grade 1 or 2 fatigue, xerostomia, nausea, and headache.CONCLUSIONS:Duloxetine appears to be effective and well tolerated for treatment of AI‐associated musculoskeletal symptoms. Future randomized, placebo‐controlled studies are warranted. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Hospital racial composition and the treatment of localized prostate cancer
Authors: Pollack Craig Evan , Bekelman Justin E. , Liao K. J. , Armstrong Katrina 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Racial differences in the treatment of men with localized prostate cancer remain poorly understood. This study examines whether hospital racial composition is associated with the type of treatment black and white men receive.METHODS:The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of men in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare diagnosed with localized prostate cancer from 1995 to 2005 linked to hospital and census data. A total of 134,291 men were assigned to the hospital where they received care. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine whether hospital racial composition was associated with the receipt of definitive therapy and type of treatment.RESULTS:Black men were less likely to receive radiation and/or prostatectomy compared with white men (55.5% vs 63.7%, P < .001) and, among those who received definitive therapy, were less likely to undergo prostatectomy (27.5% vs 31.9%, P < .001). The percentage of black men who received their care at hospitals with a high proportion of black patients was 48.0%, compared with only 5.2% of white patients who received care in this subset of hospitals. Men were significantly less likely to receive definitive treatment (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.74‐0.90) in hospitals with a high proportion of black patients compared with men seen at hospitals with fewer black patients. The association between hospital racial composition and treatment did not significantly differ by patient race.CONCLUSIONS:Hospital racial composition is consistently associated with the care that men receive for localized prostate cancer. Better understanding of the factors that determine where men receive care is an important component in reducing variation in treatment. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage II colon cancer
Authors: McKenzie Shaun , Nelson Rebecca , Mailey Brian , Lee Wendy , Chung Vincent , Shibata Stephen , Garcia‐Aguilar Julio , Kim Joseph 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:It is unclear whether the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage II colon cancer.METHODS:The authors used the State of California Cancer Surveillance Program (CSP) to assess patients ages 18 to 80 years with AJCC stage II colon cancer (ie, T3 or T4 and N0) who underwent surgical resection during 1991 and 2006. Patients who had rectal and rectosigmoid cancers were excluded. The cohort was stratified according to the receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy, and clinical and pathologic characteristics and outcomes were assessed.RESULTS:From the CSP data, 3716 patients were identified who underwent curative‐intent surgical resection for stage II colon cancer. When the 2 treatment groups (surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy [n = 916] and surgery alone [n = 2800]) were compared, patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy were more likely to be younger and to have left‐sided lesions with ≥12 lymph nodes examined. There was no difference in sex or tumor differentiation between the 2 groups. According to a Kaplan‐Meier analysis, patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy had improved overall survival compared with patients who underwent surgery alone (median survival, 12 years vs 9.2 years, respectively; P < .001). In multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy was identified as an independent predictor of improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.78‐0.99; P = .031).CONCLUSIONS:To the authors' knowledge, this is the first population‐based analysis to identify a survival advantage for adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with AJCC stage II colon cancer. On the basis of the current findings, the authors concluded that the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in select patients with stage II disease. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Colorectal carcinoma cell production of transforming growth factor beta decreases expression of endothelial cell vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2
Authors: Kuczynski Elizabeth A. , Viloria‐Petit Alicia M. , Coomber Brenda L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is a target for antiangiogenic cancer therapy. The authors have previously observed that up to 40% of vessels in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tumors are negative for VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression. Differential activity of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) is a potential contributor to this receptor heterogeneity because TGF‐β contributes to both angiogenesis and CRC tumor progression.METHODS:The authors analyzed VEGFR2 expression by Western blotting, and TGF‐β expression in endothelial and CRC cell lines, respectively. In addition, they immunostained endothelial cells in CRC xenografts to find an association between VEGFR2 and TGF‐β levels or activity.RESULTS:In bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), TGF‐β1 significantly repressed VEGFR2 protein in a time‐dependent and dose‐dependent fashion (P < .05). Serum‐free conditioned media from various malignant human CRC cell lines (HCT116, 379.2, Dks8, and DLD1) induced down‐regulation of VEGFR2 in BAECs. This effect was proportional to the total levels of TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β2 and was blocked by SB‐431542 and SD‐208, TGF‐β receptor I inhibitors. Immunofluorescence staining of subcutaneous mouse xenografts of HCT116, 379.2, Dks8, and SW480 cells revealed vessels with an inverse relationship between TGF‐β activity and VEGFR2 expression. Oxygen and bone morphogenetic protein 9 levels were shown to modulate TGF‐β–induced VEGFR2 down‐regulation.CONCLUSIONS:In combination with other factors, TGF‐β may contribute to the vascular heterogeneity in human colorectal tumors. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Adjuvant therapy for elderly patients with resected gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hoffman Karen E. , Neville Bridget A. , Mamon Harvey J. , Kachnic Lisa A. , Katz Matthew S. , Earle Craig C. , Punglia Rinaa S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:A study was undertaken to determine the survival benefit of postoperative chemoradiation therapy for elderly patients with resected gastric adenocarcinoma.METHODS:The authors identified 1023 individuals aged 65 years and older (median = 76) who underwent gastrectomy for nonmetastatic stage IB‐IV gastric adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 2000 and 2002 in the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare database. They examined factors associated with receiving postoperative chemoradiation and analyzed the survival benefit associated with receiving postoperative chemoradiation.RESULTS:Thirty percent of patients received adjuvant chemoradiation. On multivariate analysis, younger age (P < .0001), lymph node involvement (P < .0001), and more recent diagnosis (P = .0284) were associated with receiving chemoradiation. There was a trend toward increased use among patients with less comorbidity (P = .0515). The median follow‐up was 25.5 months, and 62% died. On multivariate survival analysis, older patients (P < .0001) and those with lymph node involvement (P < .0001), T3 or T4 disease (P = .0472), higher grade disease (P = .0355), and more comorbidity (P = .0411) were more likely to die. After adjustment for other factors, receipt of adjuvant chemoradiation therapy did not significantly increase survival (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.72‐1.12; P = .3453) and did not increase survival in a multivariate analysis that included propensity scores (P = .2090).CONCLUSIONS:The authors did not detect a survival benefit, suggesting that some elderly patients with resected gastric adenocarcinoma may not gain a survival benefit from the administration of adjuvant chemoradiation. The analysis had limitations, and the results are hypothesis generating. Future gastric cancer trials should enroll more elderly patients and stratify patients by age to better understand the impact of treatment regimens on older patients. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Cytogenetic profile of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and central nervous system disease
Authors: Shihadeh Ferial , Reed Valerie , Faderl Stefan , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Mazloom Ali , Hadziahmetovic Mersiha , Kantarjian Hagop , Allen Pamela , Ballas Leslie , Pierce Sherry , Dabaja Bouthaina 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) infrequently involves the central nervous system (CNS). This study was undertaken in patients with AML to determine whether cytogenetic findings predict CNS involvement.METHODS:The medical records of 1354 patients with AML who were treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between January 2000 and December 2008 were reviewed. Forty patients (3%) had CNS involvement at time of presentation or disease recurrence, of whom 37 had conventional cytogenetics performed on bone marrow aspirate material. Demographics, treatment, and status at last follow‐up were collected.RESULTS:Eleven patients (30%) had a diploid karyotype, and 14 patients (38%) had complex cytogenetics. Only 5 of the 40 patients had CNS disease at diagnosis, and the remaining patients had CNS disease at relapse. Patients who developed CNS disease were younger (P = .019), had a higher white blood cell (WBC) count at diagnosis (P = .001), had higher lactate dehydrogenase level (LDH) levels (P < .0001), and had higher percentages peripheral blast cells (P = .024) at diagnosis compared with the rest of the population. In addition, patients with CNS disease had higher rates of chromosome 16 inversion (P < .001), chromosome 11 abnormality (P = .005), and trisomy 8 (P = .02) and had a tendency toward complex cytogenetics (P = .2) compared with the control group (patients who had AML with no CNS involvement).CONCLUSIONS:Patients with AML and CNS disease often had higher LDH levels and WBC counts at diagnosis, and they often presented with chromosome 16 inversion and chromosome 11 abnormalities. The current study indicated that the overall survival of patients with AML who had CNS involvement is poor. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Altered T cell differentiation associated with loss of CD27 and CD28 in HIV infected Indian individuals
Authors: Mojumdar Kamalika , Vajpayee Madhu , Chauhan Neeraj Kumar , Singh Alpana , Singh Ravinder , Kurapati Sravya 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground:HIV‐1 infection is associated with depletion of naïve T cell subsets and skewed T cell differentiation and maturation, leading to accumulation of T cells at intermediate and end stages of differentiation. CD27 and CD28 expression have been utilized in assessing these population subsets.Methods:We characterized T cell subsets based on expression of CD45RA, CCR7, CD27, and CD28 and compared these subsets in HIV‐1 infected Indian subjects and uninfected controls.Results:HIV‐1 infection was associated with an increase in effector and memory T cell subsets and a concomitant decrease in naïve T cells. HIV‐1 infected subjects showed accumulation of intermediate CD8 T cell (CD27+CD28−) differentiation subsets, whereas CD4 T cells progressed to late stage differentiation (CD27−CD28−). These subsets were negatively associated with CD4 T cell counts and positively associated with plasma viremia. CD57, an immunosenescence marker, was also increased on T cell subsets from HIV‐1 infected individuals. Antiretroviral therapy resulted in partial restoration of differentiation status.Conclusion:Persistent HIV‐1 replication and chronic immune activation, along with altered cytokine secretion profile, lead to impaired T cell differentiation and maturation. Detailed understanding of factors associated with differentiation defects in HIV‐1 infected Indian individuals will strongly assist in Indian HIV‐1 vaccine efforts and add to our knowledge of HIV‐1 subtype C pathogenesis. © 2011 International Clinical Cytometry Society