bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSA surge/flare‐up in patients with castration‐refractory prostate cancer during the initial phase of chemotherapy
Authors: Nelius T. , Filleur S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDDocetaxel‐based chemotherapy has shown great promise for the treatment of CRPC and is considered the current standard of care. PSA is mainly used as marker to monitor the treatment response. Several articles were published reporting an initial PSA surge/flare‐up after starting chemotherapy. The cause and the impact of this phenomenon are discussed controversially. The intention of this review is to define the significance of initial PSA surge/flare‐up and to increase awareness to this phenomenon in the urological community.MATERIALS AND METHODSA comprehensive literature search was performed in different data bases using various key words. Relevant articles and references between 1999 and 2009 were reviewed and analyzed for data on the association between chemotherapy and initial PSA surge/flare.RESULTSThe incidence of a PSA surge/flare‐up ranges according to the reported studies between 7.6% and 13.6%. A PSA surge/flare‐up was reported up to 404% from baseline PSA level followed by PSA response. The median duration of a PSA surge/flare‐up is 2–3 weeks and can last up to 6–8 weeks. However, the occurrence of a PSA surge/flare‐up did not impact outcome and survival negatively compared to patients with an immediate PSA response.CONCLUSIONSA considerable portion of CRPC patients experience an initial PSA surge/flare‐up under systemic chemotherapy. The definitions used for PSA surge/flare‐up differ slightly in the literature. This issue needs to be solved since it might impact defining treatment response. As a PSA surge/flare‐up did not impact outcome and survival negatively, chemotherapy should be continued according to the literature addressing specifically the phenomenon of a PSA surge/flare‐up for a minimum of 8 weeks or 3 rounds of a 3‐weekly cycle chemotherapy regimen before further decisions are made about efficacy. However, Scher et al. recommended a 12‐week period drug exposure based on their results on PSA progression‐free survival and overall survival. This dilemma needs to be addressed in further data analysis in order to establish a general rule regarding when to stop chemotherapy. Physicians should be aware of this effect to avoid inadequate early discontinuation of chemotherapy. The underlying mechanisms of a PSA surge/flare‐up are still elusive and need further clarification. Prostate 69: 1802–1807, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adiponectin increases motility of human prostate cancer cells via adipoR, p38, AMPK, and NF‐κB pathways
Authors: Tang Chih‐Hsin , Lu Mu‐En 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men. Prostate cancer shows a predilection for metastasis to the bone. Adiponectin is a protein hormone secreted predominantly by differentiated adipocytes and involved in energy homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether adiponectin is associated with migration of prostate cancer cells.METHODCancer cells migration activity was examined using the Transwell assay. The p38 and AMPK phosphorylation was examined by using Western blot method. The cell surface expression of integrins was examined by using flow cytometry. The qPCR was used to examine the mRNA expression of integrin. A transient transfection protocol was used to examine NF‐κB activity.RESULTSWe found that adiponectin increased the migration and the expression of α5β1 integrin of human prostate cancer cells. Adiponectin‐mediated migration and integrins expression was attenuated by p38 inhibitor (SB203580), p38 mutant, AMPK siRNA, AMPK inhibitor (araA and compound C). Activations of p38, AMPK and NF‐κB pathways after adiponectin treatment was demonstrated, and adiponectin‐induced expression of integrins and migration activity was inhibited by the specific inhibitor and mutant of p38, AMPK, and NF‐κB cascades.CONCLUSIONSThis study showed for the first time that the adiponectin mediates migration of human prostate cancer cells. One of the mechanisms underlying adiponectin directed migration was transcriptional up‐regulation of α5β1 integrin and activation of AdipoR1 receptor, p38, AMPK, and NF‐κB pathways. Prostate 69: 1781–1789, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative theoretical study of small Rhn nanoparticles (2 ≤ n ≤ 8) using DFT methods
Authors: Bertin V. , Lopez‐Rendón R. , del Angel G. , Poulain E. , Avilés R. , Uc‐Rosas V. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis work is aimed at identifying some key characteristics (energy, geometry, and spin) concerning Rhn particles (2 = n ≤ 8) to perform further studies on adsorption and coadsorption sites of pollutants (CO and NO). The DFT methods of the Gaussian 03 program with the LANL2DZ basis set and the LANL2 potential are used. With the purpose to obtain a better nanoparticles definition, five different functionals were tested: B3LYP, O3LYP, BPW91, BP86, and HCTH; and the corresponding results are used to determine which of them best describes distances, spin, and gives acceptable highest vibration frequency and binding energy values, by comparing these results with values measured or calculated by many other authors. For the structure optimization process of the particles, the initial geometric shape was taken mainly from the literature, using the Rh–Rh distance: 2.67 Å, known for the bulk; and doing a complete optimization. We also considered flat nanoparticles structures, which most of them display three‐dimensional structures after the optimization process. The few flat shapes are mainly higher in energy than those of three‐dimensional structure. For some Rhn particles for different n values, the spin of the ground state present degeneration. In some cases, the optimization process changes the initial geometry, but in most cases, there are only minor changes in bonds and geometry. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Collective properties and combined quantum transitions of two‐dimensional magnetoexcitons
Authors: Moskalenko S. A. , Liberman M. A. , Dumanov E. V. , Podlesny I. V. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe article consists of two parts describing two associated properties of two‐dimensional magnetoexcitons. In the first part, the theory of combined exciton‐cyclotron resonance in the quantum well structures is developed for a strong magnetic field. In the first part, we calculate the absorption band structure for optical quantum transitions with circularly polarized radiation creating a two‐dimensional exciton and simultaneously exciting one of the resident electrons from the lowest to the first excited Landau level. In the second part, we discuss the collective elementary excitations of the system of two‐dimensional magnetoexcitons in the ground state of Bose–Einstein condensation on the arbitrary wave vector $\mathop K\limits^ \to$ ≠ 0 in the Hartree–Fock approximation. The breaking of the gauge symmetry of the initial Hamiltonian was introduced following the idea proposed by Bogoliubov in his theory of quasi‐averages. The energy spectrum of the collective elementary excitations is characterized by the interconnection of the exciton and plasmon branches. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Electrostatically driven complexes of SiF4 with amines
Authors: Politzer Peter , Murray Jane S. , Lane Pat , Concha Monica C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSome SiF4·polyamine complexes that have recently been prepared are investigated computationally and compared to their counterparts involving NH3. The formation of these systems can be explained satisfactorily in terms of electrostatic interactions between positive σ‐holes on the silicon, on the extensions of the FSi bonds, and the lone pairs of the amino nitrogens. The displacement of an F− ion en route to complexes with three amino groups can be understood as a means of avoiding an excessive and destabilizing accumulation of negative charge in the central portion of the system. Very good overall agreement is found between crystallographic and the corresponding computed structural data. The σ‐hole interpretationa is fully compatible with initial sp3 → d2sp3 rehybridization of the silicon, but it is not necessary to invoke the latter. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Mass spectrometric analysis of peptides from an immobilized lipase: focus on oxidative modifications
Authors: Törnvall Ulrika , Fürst Camilla Melin , Hatti‐Kaul Rajni , Hedström Martin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLiquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was used to study the primary structure of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym®435) without detaching the enzyme from the carrier. The immobilized enzyme packed in a miniature column was subjected to proteolysis and the peptides released were injected into the mass spectrometer for analysis. The set‐up was utilized to determine amino acid oxidation after treatment of the biocatalyst with hydrogen peroxide. In total, sequence coverage of more than 90% was obtained, containing almost all of the amino acids sensitive to oxidation. Oxidation of methionine, tryptophan and cystine residues was observed. The flow system also allowed evaluation of the enzyme activity prior to peptide analysis. The developed method is general and should be applicable to other immobilized enzyme systems and to different treatments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diastereomeric differentiation of norbornene amino acid peptides by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Raju B. , Ramesh V. , Sudhakar A. , Ramesh M. , Sarma V. U. M. , Chandrasekhar S. , Srinivas R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA new class of diastereomeric pairs of non‐natural amino acid peptides derived from butyloxycarbonyl (Boc‐)protected cis‐(2S,3R)‐ and trans‐(2S,3S)‐β‐norbornene amino acids including a monomeric pair have been investigated by electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry using quadrupole time‐of‐flight (Q‐TOF) and ion‐trap mass spectrometers. The protonated cis‐BocN‐β‐nbaa (2S,3R) (1) (βnbaa = β‐norbornene amino acid) eliminates the Boc group to form [M+H–Boc+H]+, whereas an additional ion [M+H–C4H8]+ is formed from trans‐BocN‐β‐nbaa (2S,3S) (2). Similarly, it is observed that the peptide diastereomers (di‐, tri‐ and tetra‐), with cis‐BocN‐β‐nbaa (2S,3R)‐ at the N‐terminus, initially eliminate the Boc group to form [M+H–Boc+H]+ which undergo further fragmentation to give a set of product ions that are different for the peptides with trans‐BocN‐β‐nbaa (2S,3S)‐ at the N‐terminus. Thus the Boc group fragments differently depending on the configuration of the amino acid present at the N‐terminus. It is also observed that the peptide bond cleavage in these peptides is less favoured and most of the product ions are formed due to retro‐Diels‐Alder fragmentation. Interestingly, sodium‐cationized peptide diastereomers mainly yield a series of retro‐Diels‐Alder fragment ions which are different for each diastereomer as they are formed starting from [M+Na–Boc+H]+ in peptides with cis‐BocN‐β‐nbaa (2S,3R)‐ at the N‐terminus, and [M+Na–C4H8]+ in peptides with trans‐BocN‐β‐nbaa (2S,3S)‐ at the N‐terminus. All these results clearly indicate that these diastereomeric pairs of peptides yield characteristic product ions which help distinguish the isomers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of hyphenated mass spectrometry techniques for the analysis of urinary free glucocorticoids
Authors: Cuzzola Angela , Petri Antonella , Mazzini Francesco , Salvadori Piero 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAlteration of levels of glucocorticoids in plasma and urine can be related to several diseases. In particular, the determination of endogenous glucocorticoids in urine has been reported to provide information on cortisol and cortisone status, on the activities of steroid hormone enzymes and on glucocorticoid metabolism. In this study, the application of hyphenated mass spectrometry techniques (GC/MS without derivatization and LC/MS) for the simultaneous analysis of free urinary cortisol (F), cortisone (E), tetrahydrocortisol (THF), allo‐tetrahydrocortisol (A‐THF) and tetrahydrocortisone (THE) was evaluated. A sample preparation protocol by solid‐phase extraction, mass spectrometry parameters and chromatographic conditions for both techniques were carefully optimized in terms of extracting phase and solvents, matrix effects, recovery, sensitivity and compound resolution. Baseline separation was achieved for the five underivatized analytes both in GC and LC. The LC/MS/MS technique was more suitable for the analysis of urine samples, being less influenced by matrix effects and showing excellent sensitivity and selectivity. A preliminary application of the reported method for the diagnosis of metabolic diseases was also described. The determination of each analyte in its free form, described for the first time in the paper, offers new perspectives in the application of glucocorticoid analysis for diagnostic purposes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On multiple‐delay output feedback stabilization of LTI plants
Authors: Roy Sandip , Saberi Ali , Wan Yan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe develop a control methodology for linear time‐invariant plants that uses multiple delayed observations in feedback. Using the special coordinate basis, we show that multiple‐delay controllers can always be designed to stabilize minimum‐phase plants, and identify a class of non‐minimum‐phase plants that can be stabilized using these controllers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time course analysis of microarray data for the pathway of reproductive development in female rainbow trout
Authors: Liu Y. , Verducci J. , Schultz I. , Hook S. , Nagler J. , Craciun G. , Sundling K. , Hayton W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNew statistical procedures are introduced to investigate gene activity in support of the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad–liver signaling network that provides the neuroendocrine regulation for reproduction in female, oviparous fishes. The methods include Shrunken Centroid Ordering by Orthogonal Projections (SCOOP) and a robust encoding of B‐splines via Friedman's Generalized Elastic Net (GEN). SCOOP orders genes according to a novel criterion that balances discriminatory and correlative information. It is particularly useful in the present context where genes are only partially annotated, relevant networks are not known a priori, and the sample size is adequate for finding natural clusters. In this application, microarray measurements of gene expression were made in the pituitary, liver, and ovary of female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) over the course of their 1 year spawning cycle, and new methods were developed to detect systematic changes in potential gene networks. B‐splines were fitted to gently smooth the estimates of expression versus time and provide a common framework for analysis. Unlike other methods, SCOOP selected not only the genes whose curves vary the most over time, but also genes closely correlated with these. This tended to recognize genes that may be part of an active network, but whose expressions undergo more modest fluctuations. To compensate for the high degree of uncertainty in fitting B‐splines to individual genes, GEN methods were used to provide robust fits, and these were summarized through a novel GEN‐transform as variable importance measures (VIMs). Clustering of genes via VIMs produced much more stable results than directly via B‐spline coefficients, and the mean time course pattern of each cluster provided biologists with a reliable summary from which to interpret systematic patterns. Ultimately, the genes selected by SCOOP and clustered though the GEN‐transform strongly suggested supportive pathways involving immunology, muscle contraction, reproduction, protein transport, metabolism, and reduction/oxidation. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2: 192–208, 2009
Mental retardation and inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: García‐Cazorla A. , Wolf N. I. , Serrano M. , Moog U. , Pérez‐Dueñas B. , Póo P. , Pineda M. , Campistol J. , Hoffmann G. F. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryIn countries where clinical phenylketonuria is detected by newborn screening inborn errors of metabolism are rare causes of isolated mental retardation. There is no international agreement about what type of metabolic tests must be applied in patients with unspecific mental retardation. However, and although infrequent, there are a number of inborn errors of metabolism that can present in this way. Because of the high recurrence risk and the possibility of specific therapies, guidelines need to be developed and adapted to different populations. The application of a universal protocol may result in a low diagnostic performance in individual ethnic populations. Consideration of associated signs (extraneurological manifestations, psychiatric signs, autistic traits, cerebellar dysfunction, epilepsy or dysmorphic traits) greatly improves the diagnostic fulfilment.
Relation of Supersaturation Ratio in Mixed Anionic Surfactant Solutions to Kinetics of Precipitation with Calcium
Authors: Soontravanich Sukhwan , Scamehorn John F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOne synergism of using surfactant mixtures is the reduction in the equilibrium extent of and rate of precipitation. The overall time required for calcium‐induced precipitation of mixed sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium octylbenzene sulfonate (SOBS) over a particular range of ratios has been found to increase dramatically when compared to either SDS or SOBS alone. In this study, light transmission and isoperibol calorimetry were used to measure the delay in the precipitation reaction, while scanning electron and optical micrographs of crystals formed give insight into the precipitation mechanism. The smaller the difference in the supersaturation ratio of the two precipitating surfactants, the longer the induction time is. The delay in the extent of precipitation is due to the interruption of crystal formation from dissimilar precipitating surfactants.
Characterization of Olive‐Leaf Phenolics by ESI‐MS and Evaluation of their Antioxidant Capacities by the CAT Assay
Authors: Laguerre Mickaël , Lόpez Giraldo Luis Javier , Piombo Georges , Figueroa‐Espinoza Maria Cruz , Pina Michel , Benaissa Mohamed , Combe Aurélia , Rossignol Castera Anne , Lecomte Jérôme , Villeneuve Pierre 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOlive leaves are a very abundant vegetable material containing various phenolic compounds, such as secoiridoids and flavonoids, that are expected to exert strong antioxidant capacity. However, little is known about the variation of olive‐leaf phenolic composition during maturation and its influence on antioxidant capacity. To answer this question, young and mature Olea Europaea L. leaves were submitted to successive extraction with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, then characterized by ESI‐MS. It appeared that mature olive‐leaf extracts contained higher levels of verbascoside isomers and glucosylated forms of luteolin, while young ones presented higher contents of oleuropein, ligstroside, and flavonoid aglycones. Moreover, antioxidant capacity evaluation using our newly developed conjugated autoxidizable triene assay showed that, in a lipid‐based emulsified system, this phenolic composition variation leads to a change in the ability of extracts to counteract lipid oxidation. Mature olive‐leaf extracts exhibit higher antioxidant capacity than young olive‐leaf extracts. This result enables us to hypothesize that two main bioconversion scenarios may occur during maturation of olive leaves, which could explain changes observed in antioxidant capacity: (1) a bioconversion of oleuropein and ligstroside into verbascoside isomers and oleuroside, and (2) a bioconversion of flavonoid aglycones into glucosylated forms of luteolin. Finally, this study leads to a better understanding of the relationship between phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of olive leaves.
Intervention with fish oil, but not with docosahexaenoic acid, results in lower levels of hepatic soluble epoxide hydrolase with time in apoE knockout mice
Authors: Mavrommatis Yiannis , Ross Karen , Rucklidge Garry , Reid Martin , Duncan Gary , Gordon Margaret-Jane , Thies Frank , Sneddon Alan , de Roos Baukje 
Published: August 2009

Long-chainn-3 PUFA from fish oil protect against death from CHD but mechanisms are not well understood. Preliminary results indicate that fish oil may affect the enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and influence inflammatory pathways in a time-dependent manner. In the present study male apoE knockout (Apoe− / − ) mice were randomised to three dietary groups receiving a high-fat high-cholesterol diet supplemented with 2 % (w/w) high-oleic acid sunflower-seed (HOSF) oil, DHA oil or fish oil. Livers and proximal aortas were collected on day 2 and on weeks 1, 2, 4 and 10 to determine hepatic sEH levels, hepatic fatty acid composition, hepatic proteome and atherosclerotic plaque size in the aortic root. Intervention with fish oil, but not with DHA, resulted in significantly lower levels of hepatic sEH levels with time compared with HOSF oil. DHA and fish oil caused differential regulation of thirty-five hepatic proteins which were mainly involved in lipoprotein metabolism and oxidative stress. All mice developed atherosclerosis without differences in plaque size between the three groups. Thus EPA may be responsible for lowering levels of hepatic sEH and both fish oil and DHA could beneficially affect lipoprotein metabolism and oxidative stress.
Profiles of levels of lipids and dyslipidaemia in children from Beijing, China
Authors: Hui Yan , Jie Mi , Ying Liu , Hongfang Jin , Li Chen , Chaoshu Tang , Junbao Du 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited data available on characteristics of profiles of lipids in children. The purpose of our investigation, therefore, was to determine the lipid profile, and analyze the prevalence of dyslipidaemia, in subgroups of children according to different gender, districts of residence, and ages in Beijing, China.Methods and ResultsWe included 18,944 school children, aged from 7 to 18 years, in our community-based cross-sectional study, measuring the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride in capillary blood, and at the same time determining their weight and height. Weights, heights, circumference at the waist, and body mass index proved to be significantly greater for the boys than the girls. The levels of total cholesterol of boys and girls were 3.98 ± 0.35, and 4.02 ± 0.35 mmol/L, respectively, while the comparable levels of triglycerides were 1.08 ± 0.52, and 1.18 ± 0.66 mmol/L, respectively. The percentages of hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, combined dyslipidaemia, and hyperlipidaemia were 1.2, 8.8, 0.4, and 9.7%, respectively. The incidences of hypertriglyceridaemia, combined dyslipidaemia, and hyperlipidaemia of girls were higher than boys. The levels of triglycerides for boys aged from 11 to 18 years living in an urban setting were higher than those for boys living in rural settings, as were the levels of total cholesterol for boys aged from 12 to 16 years.ConclusionOur study provides the newest current profiles of lipids for children living in Beijing. We found significant influences of age, districts of residence, and genders on the levels of lipids, features which need further attention in the prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia.