bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inherited neuroaxonal dystrophy in dogs causing lethal, fetal‐onset motor system dysfunction and cerebellar hypoplasia
Authors: Fyfe John C. , Al‐Tamimi Raba' A. , Castellani Rudy J. , Rosenstein Diana , Goldowitz Daniel , Henthorn Paula S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNeuroaxonal dystrophy in brainstem, spinal cord tracts, and spinal nerves accompanied by cerebellar hypoplasia was observed in a colony of laboratory dogs. Fetal akinesia was documented by ultrasonographic examination. At birth, affected puppies exhibited stereotypical positioning of limbs, scoliosis, arthrogryposis, pulmonary hypoplasia, and respiratory failure. Regional hypoplasia in the central nervous system was apparent grossly, most strikingly as underdeveloped cerebellum and spinal cord. Histopathologic abnormalities included swollen axons and spheroids in brainstem and spinal cord tracts; reduced cerebellar foliation, patchy loss of Purkinje cells, multifocal thinning of the external granular cell layer, and loss of neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei; spheroids and loss of myelinated axons in spinal roots and peripheral nerves; increased myocyte apoptosis in skeletal muscle; and fibrofatty connective tissue proliferation around joints. Breeding studies demonstrated that the canine disorder is a fully penetrant, simple autosomal recessive trait. The disorder demonstrated a type and distribution of lesions homologous to that of human infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), most commonly caused by mutations of phospholipase A2 group VI gene (PLA2G6), but alleles of informative markers flanking the caninePLA2G6locus did not associate with the canine disorder. Thus, fetal‐onset neuroaxonal dystrophy in dogs, a species with well‐developed genome mapping resources, provides a unique opportunity for additional disease gene discovery and understanding of this pathology. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:3771–3784, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Why higher resolution graphics cards are needed in colour vision research
Authors: Garcia‐Suarez Luis , Ruppertsberg Alexa I. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe colour resolution of a 14‐bit and an 8‐bit per channel graphics card were evaluated and compared with the just noticeable difference between colours (varying only in luminance) for: (1) a standard observer (based on the CIE 1976 L*u*v* colour space) and (2) real observers in a colour discrimination task. The results of this study show that an 8‐bit per channel graphics card seems adequate for colour discrimination experiments where stimuli only vary in luminance. However, considering that the resolution of the graphics card should be equal to the Nyquist rate, an 8‐bit per channel card turns out to be inadequate. For colour discrimination experiments where stimuli only vary in chromaticity, there is an undersampling of the colour space with respect to MacAdam ellipses when using 8‐bit per channel graphics cards. The extremely fine colour resolution of a 14‐bit per channel graphics card overcomes these problems. Its use allows more accurate measurements of achromatic and chromatic discrimination thresholds and avoids experimental (spatial or luminance) artefacts, such as bandings that can occur on achromatic or chromatic gradients. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011
Microfluidic impedance‐based flow cytometry
Authors: Cheung Karen C. , Di Berardino Marco , Schade‐Kampmann Grit , Hebeisen Monika , Pierzchalski Arkadiusz , Bocsi Jozsef , Mittag Anja , Tárnok Attila 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMicrofabricated flow cytometers can detect, count, and analyze cells or particles using microfluidics and electronics to give impedance‐based characterization. Such systems are being developed to provide simple, low‐cost, label‐free, and portable solutions for cell analysis. Recent work using microfabricated systems has demonstrated the capability to analyze micro‐organisms, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and animal and human cell lines. Multifrequency impedance measurements can give multiparametric, high‐content data that can be used to distinguish cell types. New combinations of microfluidic sample handling design and microscale flow phenomena have been used to focus and position cells within the channel for improved sensitivity. Robust designs will enable focusing at high flowrates while reducing requirements for control over multiple sample and sheath flows. Although microfluidic impedance‐based flow cytometers have not yet or may never reach the extremely high throughput of conventional flow cytometers, the advantages of portability, simplicity, and ability to analyze single cells in small populations are, nevertheless, where chip‐based cytometry can make a large impact. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Determination of lymphocyte subsets reference values in healthy Iranian men by a single platform flow cytometric method
Authors: Alamooti Alireza Alai , Ardalan Farid Azmoudeh , Abdolahi Alireza , Zeidi Majid , Firouzjaie Fahimeh 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLymphocyte subsets enumeration is of paramount importance in the management of immunodeficiency disorders such as HIV/AIDS. For better interpretation of laboratory findings, reference intervals must be determined in each population. Because of scarcity of published studies from Iranian population, lymphocyte subsets were enumerated in 142 healthy Iranian men by a single platform flow cytometric method. Mean and 95% confidence interval for CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4/CD8 ratio, B cells, and natural killer cells were 748.8 (351–1207), 409.0 (192–752), 1.96 (0.77–3.70), 238.6 (82–500), and 200.7 (91–393), respectively. We compared our results with other studies and found significant differences with some of them. In conclusion, we endorse determination of lymphocyte subsets reference interval in different populations. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Discriminative stimulus properties of idazoxan: mediation by both α2adrenoceptor antagonism and 5‐HT1Areceptor agonism
Authors: Prus Adam J. , Zornio Patricia A. , Schuck Candice J. , Heerts Tanya , Jacobson Sarah M. , Winiarski Dominika A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIdazoxan is reference α2adrenoceptor antagonist and has been extensively used preclinically to support the “α2/D2receptor hypothesis” for atypical antipsychotic effects. However, previous studies have shown that the anticataleptic and discriminative stimulus properties of idazoxan may be mediated by 5‐HT1Areceptor agonism. The present study was conducted to further assess the role of α2adrenoceptor antagonism and 5‐HT1Areceptor agonism in the discriminative stimulus properties of idazoxan using a 5.0‐mg/kg training dose in rats. Idazoxan produced full‐stimulus generalization to itself, the α2adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine, and the 5‐HT1Areceptor partial agonist, 8‐OH‐DPAT. Both the α2adrenoceptor agonists clonidine and guanfacine, and the 5‐HT1Areceptor antagonist WAY100635, partially blocked the discriminative stimulus effects of idazoxan. Finally, partial stimulus generalization occurred to the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine. On the basis of these findings, both α2adrenoceptor antagonism and 5‐HT1Areceptor agonism appear to contribute to the discriminative stimulus effects of idazoxan. Thus, the role of 5‐HT1Areceptor agonism should be considered when evaluating the behavioral effects of idazoxan. Drug Dev Res 71: 261–267, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maprotiline‐induced Ca2+ fluxes and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Liao Wei‐Chuan , Huang Chorng‐Chih , Lu Yih‐Chau , Chi Chao‐Chuan , Chu Sau‐Tung , Su Hsing‐Hao , Kuo Chun‐Chi , Cheng Jin‐Shiung , Tseng Li‐Ling , Ho Chin‐Man , Jan Chung‐Ren 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe effect of maprotiline on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and cell viability was explored in human osteosarcoma cells (MG63), using the fluorescent dyes fura‐2 and WST‐1, respectively. Maprotiline at concentrations of ≥20 µM increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration‐dependent manner. The Ca2+ signal was reduced partly by removing extracellular Ca2+. The maprotiline‐induced Ca2+ influx was sensitive to inhibition by aristolochic acid (a phospholipase A2 inhibitor). In Ca2+‐free medium, after treatment with 1 µM thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor), 200 µM maprotiline failed to induce a [Ca2+]i rise. At concentrations of 50–100 µM maprotiline killed cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect of 60 µM maprotiline was slightly enhanced by prechelating cytosolic Ca2+ with 1,2‐bis(2‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (BAPTA). Propidium iodide staining data suggested that maprotiline induced apoptosis between concentrations of 60–70 µM, which was enhanced by BAPTA. Collectively, in MG63 cells, maprotiline induced [Ca2+]i rises by causing Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ influx from phospholipase A2‐regulated Ca2+ channels. Furthermore, maprotiline caused apoptosis that was regulated by Ca2+. Drug Dev Res 71: 268–274, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Employee perceptions of repatriation in an emerging economy: The Indian experience
Authors: Kulkarni Mukta , Lengnick‐Hall Mark L. , Valk Reimara 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAs employees' international mobility has increased, implementing repatriation processes has become a significant human resource (HR) issue. Through an exploratory study using a semi‐structured interview method, we examine repatriated employees' views about HR activities that facilitate and hinder the repatriation process in the emerging economy of India. Respondents described lack of formal repatriation assistance, no contact person in HR to help with repatriation, and lack of re‐entry culture‐related training as characteristic of the repatriation process. Managing employees' expectations, along with creating a more sensitive, structured, and strategic HR function, are recommended to improve the repatriation process. From a theoretical perspective, results point to the multi‐dimensionality of the repatriation construct and provide evidence of the context‐specificity of HR practices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recruitment and retention in foreign firms in India: A resource‐based view
Authors: Holtbrügge Dirk , Friedmann Carina B. , Puck Jonas F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractForeign firms in India currently face two major challenges in human resource management (HRM): personnel recruitment and retention. For this study, we adapted the resource‐based view (RBV) of the firm and tested which recruitment and retention practices positively impact the number of qualified applicants and the attrition rate in a sample of 80 North‐Western European firms. Our findings suggest that a close relationship exists between using recruitment and retention practices shaped according to the RBV and these two efficiency criteria. We discuss the implications of our findings for both theory and practice as well as how our findings might transfer to other contexts. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Emerging human resource practices at Aditya Birla Group
Authors: Som Ashok 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis article describes in detail through a longitudinal case study the emerging nature of human resources (HR) practices at Aditya Birla Group and, more importantly, links it to the strategic redesign that the whole organization underwent from 1995 to 2006. The longitudinal case study provides a snapshot of the dynamic and turbulent nature of the new liberalized Indian economic environment and how an organization such as Aditya Birla Group needed to brace itself from competition through innovative HR practices. The article argues that in challenging liberalizing business environments like India, the nature of HR itself demands that organizations develop new capabilities and that HR's role is to reevaluate its competencies and develop new ones to help in the overall strategic redesign of organizations. The article elaborates on two critical issues: (1) the peculiarities and defining characteristics of HR models unique to India and (2) the main factors that shape people management policies and practices in the liberalized Indian environment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing BPO service workers in India: Examining hope on performance outcomes
Authors: Combs Gwendolyn M. , Clapp‐Smith Rachel , Nadkarni Sucheta 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMuch attention has been given to the explosion in business process outsourcing (BPO) operations in India. Little concern, however, has been paid to the performance of Indian service workers in these fast‐paced and sometimes turbulent environments. Using a sample of 160 service workers from a privately held BPO firm in India, we examine the relationship between Indian service workers' hope and their performance outcomes. Regression and structural equation model analyses indicated a significant positive relationship between Indian service workers' levels of hope and their performance. These promising results highlight the importance of measuring and managing employee hope to maximize employee productivity and performance. By effectively developing and managing levels of employee hope, Indian BPO firms can effectively combat employee problems such as attrition, stress, and burnout that have plagued the BPO industry. Hope may also help mitigate the influence of aspects of Indian culture on human resource management practices in Indian BPOs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diversity management in India: A study of organizations in different ownership forms and industrial sectors
Authors: Cooke Fang Lee , Saini Debi S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractStrategically managing workforce diversity is a value‐adding HR function that enhances organizational performance. Managing diversity is a complex and unique HR issue in India due to its religious and cultural diversity and the use of legislation by the Indian state to tackle societal inequities and complexities. This paper contributes to existing knowledge on diversity management and strategic HRM in the Indian context through an in‐depth case study of 24 firms of different ownership forms in a number of industries in India. The main method of data collection was semi‐structured interviews with 110 managers at various levels and 102 non‐managerial employees. Each interview was conducted individually. This paper takes the U.S.‐originated concept of diversity management in the HRM context as a starting point. It uses this as a guide to investigate how the concept is understood and operationalized in several leading business organizations across different ownership forms and industrial sectors in India. Results reveal the differences between Western MNCs and Eastern firms as well as the varying views of Indian managers and employees on issues related to diversity management. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics of mentoring relationships in India: A qualitative, exploratory study
Authors: Ramaswami Aarti , Dreher George F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTo supplement the extant mentoring literature that has taken a predominantly Western/U.S. perspective, the present study examined the nature of mentoring relationships in a highly power‐distant and collectivistic culture such as India. Twenty‐nine Indian masters of business administration (MBA) students participated in a qualitative study (using in‐depth interviews) regarding Indian conceptualizations of mentors, the dynamics of mentoring relationships, their mentoring experiences in India, and the practice of mentoring as a career management tool. Content analysis revealed that while some aspects of mentoring seem culturally invariant, other aspects might be influenced by careers and socio‐cultural contexts. The findings are discussed from relational and cultural perspectives with theoretical and practical implications for cross‐cultural management and human resource practice. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluid flow and heat transfer of natural convection adjacent to upward‐facing, inclined, heated plates (air case)
Authors: Kimura Fumiyoshi , Kitamura Kenzo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTurbulent transition mechanisms and heat transfer characteristics of natural convection over an inclined plate heated with constant heat fluxes were investigated experimentally. The experiments covered the ranges of modified Rayleigh numbers from 103 to 8×1012 and inclination angles θ from 0 (horizontal) to 9° (vertical). The flow fields over the plate were visualized with smoke. The results showed that longitudinal vortices appear first in the laminar boundary layer when θ<72°. Then, the vortices detach from the plate and become distorted, and, finally, a fully turbulent state is accomplished far downstream of the plate. Local Nusselt numbers were also measured under the same conditions as the above visualizations. The results showed that the numbers deviate from the laminar values with the formation of the longitudinal vortices and, then, increase significantly with the detachment of the vortices. Based on these results, empirical correlations for the laminar and turbulent heat transfer by natural convection were proposed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20304
Effect of amount of fluid charge in thermal performance of loop heat pipe
Authors: Nagano Hosei , Onogawa Ei , Fukuyoshi Fuyuko , Ogawa Hiroyuki , Nagai Hiroki 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLoop heat pipes (LHPs) are two‐phase thermal control system, which works only by heat from its cooling target. In order to utilize the LHPs in various fields, it is required to be smaller, more reliable, and higher in performance. In the present study, a miniature LHP has been fabricated, and the effect of the amount of working fluid charged on thermal performance of the LHPs has been investigated. Tests were conducted including start‐up, and power step up, as function of the amount of working fluid. The test results showed that under‐charging the working fluid caused start‐up failure, while over‐charging the working fluid made the LHP less stable. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20306
An integrated procedure to evaluate hydrological models
Authors: Confalonieri Roberto , Bregaglio Simone , Bocchi Stefano , Acutis Marco 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe growing concern for health‐related problems deriving from pollutants leaching is driving national and international administrations to support the development of tools for evaluating the effects of alternate management scenarios and identifying vulnerable areas. Cropping systems models are powerful tools for evaluating leachates under different environmental, social, and management conditions. As percolating water is the transport vehicle for pollutants transport in soil, a reliable evaluation of water balance models is a fundamental prerequisite for investigating pesticides and nitrate fate. As specific approaches for the evaluation of multi‐layer evolution of state variables are missing, we propose a fuzzy‐based, integrated indicator (ISWC: 0, best; 1, worst) for a comprehensive evaluation of soil water content (SWC) simulations. We aggregated error metrics with others quantifying the homogeneity of errors across different soil layers, the capability of models to reproduce complex dynamics function of both time and soil depth, and model complexity. We tested ISWC on a sample dataset where the models CropSyst and CERES‐Wheat were used to simulate SWC for winter wheat systems. ISWC revealed that, in the explored conditions, the global assessment of the two models' performances allowed identification of CropSyst as the best (average ISWC = 0·441, with a value of 0·537 obtained by CERES‐Wheat), although each model prevailed for some of the metrics. CropSyst presented the highest accuracy (average agreement module = 0·400), whereas CERES‐Wheat's accuracy was slightly worse, although achieved with a simplified modelling approach (average Akaike Information Criterion = − 230·44), thereby favouring large‐area applicability. The non‐univocal scores achieved by the models for the different metrics support the use of multi‐metric evaluation approaches for quantifying the different aspects of water balance model performances. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depth‐averaged, spatially distributed flow dynamic and solute transport modelling of a large‐scaled, subtropical constructed wetland
Authors: Min Joong‐Hyuk , Wise William R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractConstructed wetlands are being utilized worldwide to effectively reduce excess nutrients in agricultural runoff and wastewater. Despite their frequency, a multi‐dimensional, physically based, spatially distributed modelling approach has rarely been applied for flow and solute transport in treatment wetlands. This article presents a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic and solute transport modelling of a large‐scaled, subtropical, free water surface constructed wetland of about 8 km2 in the Everglades of Florida, USA. In this study, MIKE 21 was adopted as the basic model framework. Field monitoring of the time series hydrological and chloride data, as well as spatially distributed data such as bathymetry and vegetation distribution, provided the necessary model input and testing data. Simulated water level profiles were in good agreement with the spatio‐temporal variations of measured ones. On average, the root‐mean‐square error of model calibration on annual water level fluctuations was 0·09 m. Manning's roughness coefficients for the dense emergent and submerged aquatic vegetation areas, which were estimated as a function of vegetation type, ranged from 0·67 to 1·0 and 0·12 to 0·15 s/m1/3, respectively. The solute transport model calibration for four monitoring sites agreed well with the measured annual variations in chloride concentration with an average percent model error of about 15%. The longitudinal dispersivity was estimated to be about 2 m and was more than an order of magnitude higher than the transverse one. This study is expected to play the role of a stepping stone for future modelling efforts on the development and application of more advanced flow and transport models applicable to a variety of constructed wetland systems, as well as to the Everglades stormwater treatment areas in operation or in preparation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hillslope forest floor (duff) water budget and the transition to local control
Authors: Keith D. M. , Johnson E. A. , Valeo C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe partially decomposed organic layer (duff: F and H layers) of the forest floor is an important boundary between the soil and atmospheric processes. Here we use both empirical data and a three‐dimensional coupled heat and water budget model to explain the duff hydrological hillslope shift between very brief wet periods when lateral flow in the duff and infiltration into the mineral soil occur and dry periods when evaporative flow dominates and both lateral and mineral soil flow are not important. The duff moisture transitions from wet to dry periods were the result of low lateral flow which moves liquid and water vapour only centimetres to metres, very rapidly and mostly in the H layer immediately after precipitation. During wet periods, the net lateral fluxes were negative on divergent areas and positive on convergent areas of the hillslope, leading to a net moisture loss in divergent areas and a net gain in convergent areas. The response to lateral flow in the H layer was more rapid than in the F layer. The transition from the lateral downwards flow to mineral soil to evaporative control was within approximately 48 h of precipitation. Canopy species and aspect were important with lodgepole pine, southwest aspect and 4‐cm deep duff controlled by evaporative processes while Engelmann spruce, northeast aspect and 30‐cm duff were more controlled by hillslope redistribution processes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.