bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of grain boundary potentials in ceramics: Combining impedance spectroscopy and inline electron holography
Authors: Koch C. T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe electrostatic potential arising from charge bound at grain boundary cores in ceramics and the accumulation of space charge in their vicinity is in many cases made responsible for the ion blocking or conducting behavior of electroceramics. While interpretation of impedance spectra of nominally undoped and acceptor doped SrTiO3ceramics and bicrystals implies that grain boundaries are positively charged and accompanied by fairly wide regions of negative space charge on both sides, a critical analysis of electron holography data available in the literature yields very narrow potential profiles of the opposite sign. This paper attempts to reconcile this apparent discrepancy by showing that within the Mott–Schottky model, impedance data which implies space charge dominated grain boundary resistivity must be interpreted in terms of even wider space charge regions than generally assumed. A review of electron holography results from grain boundaries in SrTiO3is extended by new results which were obtained by a novel inline electron holography reconstruction algorithm at a near Σ13 grain boundary in nominally undoped SrTiO3. This work is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Rowland M. Cannon.
Using microfabricated devices to determine the fracture strength of materials
Authors: Kahn H. , Ballarini R. , Heuer A. H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMeasuring the fracture strength of brittle materials is often difficult, because alignment of the load with the test specimen is critical. Any off-axis misalignment of the load will produce fracture in an undesired mode. This report describes several micrometer-scale devices, in which the “load cell” is fabricated simultaneously with the fracture mechanics specimen, so that precise alignment is assured. The devices utilize the residual stresses contained within the materials, which are deposited onto Si substrates, to create the loading forces and determine the fracture strength. The devices are passive, meaning that the fracture results are obtained immediately upon fabrication, and no external loading is required. Stress concentrations are generated at notches, and the fracture strength is determined by the critical stress required for failure. A variety of devices have been fabricated from materials of interest for microelectromechanical systems devices, including polysilicon, silicon nitride, and aluminum, with both tensile and compressive residual stresses.
Silver-hydroxyapatite nanocomposites as bactericidal and fungicidal materials
Authors: Miranda Miriam , Fernández Adolfo , Díaz Marcos , Esteban-Tejeda Leticia , López-Esteban Sonia , Malpartida Francisco , Torrecillas Ramón , Moya José Serafín 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSilver-hydroxyapatite nanocomposites containing 1 wt.% of metallic silver have been obtained by a colloidal chemical route and subsequent chemical reduction process. The silver nanoparticles are supported on the hydroxyapatite surface without a high degree of agglomeration. The bactericidal effect against common Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as antifungal activity against yeast have been investigated. The results indicated a high antimicrobial activity for E. coli, M. Luteus and I. Orientalis, so this material can be a promising antimicrobial biomaterial for implant and reconstructive surgery, among other applications.
Association of Metalloproteinase Gene Polymorphisms with Systemic Sclerosis in the European Caucasian Population
Authors: WIPFF JULIEN , DIEUDE PHILIPPE , AVOUAC JEROME , TIEV KIET , HACHULLA ERIC , CRACOWSKI JEAN-LUC , DIOT ELIZABETH , SIBILIA JEAN , MOUTHON LUC , MEYER OLIVIER , KAHAN ANDRE , BOILEAU CATHERINE , ALLANORE YANNICK 
Published: January 2010

Objective.Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is classified among the complex genetic disorders and is characterized by massive extracellular matrix deposits. These may be due to overactivation of transforming growth factor ß that may be in part a result of abnormal remodeling of extracellular matrix and microfibrils. Metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of proteolytic enzymes, and MMP 2, 9, and 14 contribute to the degradation of microfibrils. Our aim was to determine whether polymorphisms of the MMP2, MMP9, and MMP14 genes confer susceptibility to SSc in a large population.Methods.A case–control study was performed in 659 SSc patients and 511 healthy matched controls from a European Caucasian population. Six Tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the MMP2 gene and 2 SNP of MMP9 and MMP14 genes were genotyped.Results.All SNP were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control population. There was no association between the MMP2, MMP9, and MMP14 variants we investigated and SSc for allelic and genotype frequencies. No association was observed for the different subphenotypes of SSc patients.Conclusion.Our results in a large cohort of European Caucasian SSc patients do not support that MMP2, MMP9, and MMP14 genes are involved in the genetic background of SSc.
Adhesives, 1. General
Authors: Onusseit Hermann , Wefringhaus Rainer , Dreezen Gunther , Wichelhaus Jürgen , Schall Joel , Thiele Lothar , van Halteren Ansgar 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Adhesion Theories3.Definitions4.Raw Materials for Adhesives5.Classification of Adhesives6.Individual Adhesive Systems6.1.Adhesives That Set Without a Chemical Reaction (Physical Setting Adhesives)6.1.1.Solvent‐Free Adhesive Systems6.1.2.Adhesive Solutions, Solvents Escape before Bonding6.1.3.Adhesive Solutions, Solvents Evaporate during Bonding6.1.4.Aqueous Dispersions of Polymeric Compounds6.2.Adhesives Setting by Chemical Reaction6.2.1.Adhesives Setting by Polymerization6.2.2.Adhesives Setting by Polyaddition6.2.3.Adhesives Setting by Polycondensation6.2.4.Vulcanizing Adhesives6.2.5.Ultraviolet/Electron Beam (UV/EB) Curing Adhesives6.2.6.Conductive Adhesives7.Bonding Techniques8.Testing of Adhesives9.Economic Aspects
Pigments, Inorganic, 1. General
Authors: Völz Hans G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.General Aspects2.General Chemical and Physical Properties2.1.Fundamental Aspects2.2.Methods of Determination3.Color Properties3.1.Fundamental Aspects3.2.Color Measurement3.3.Tinting Strength, Lightening Power, and Scattering Power3.4.Hiding Power and Transparency4.Stability Towards Light, Weather, Heat, and Chemicals4.1.Fundamental Aspects4.2.Test Methods4.2.1.Light Stability4.2.2.Weather Resistance4.2.3.Heat Stability4.2.4.Fastness to Chemicals5.Behavior of Pigments in Binders5.1.Fundamental Aspects5.2.Test Methods5.2.1.Pigment ‐ Binder Interaction5.2.2.Dispersing Behavior in Paint Systems5.2.3.Miscellaneous Pigment ‐ Binder Systems
Accuracy of self‐reported diagnosis of hip replacement
Authors: Parimi Neeta , Lane Nancy E. , Bauer Douglas , Hochberg Marc C. , Nevitt Michael C. ,   Study of Osteoporotic Fractures
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the accuracy and validity of self‐report of hip replacement for osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsWe compared self‐reported hip replacement and the reason for surgery in elderly, white women age ≥65 years from the Study for Osteoporotic Fractures cohort with medical records and pelvis radiographs. Women, followed for an average of 8 years at the fifth clinic visit, were asked about any hip replacements since baseline.ResultsAmong 7,421 women attending the fifth clinic visit, 347 reported 387 hip replacements. Radiographs and/or medical records were available for 316 self‐reported hip replacements. Participants accurately reported that hip replacements were for arthritis or fracture, with 94.5% and 97.2% of these self‐reported diagnoses, respectively, confirmed from medical records. However, 1 in 8 self‐reported hip replacements were not attributed by participants to either arthritis or a fracture; of these, medical records indicated that 88% were for OA. Overall, 302 self‐reported hip replacements (95.6%) were confirmed as hip replacements (for agreement with self‐report, κ = 0.95 [95% confidence interval 0.92–0.96]). Under‐reporting of hip replacements compared with hip replacements seen on radiographs was minimal (0.28%).ConclusionElderly women accurately reported hip replacements and whether the surgery was for arthritis or a hip fracture, although a small number of hip replacements for arthritis were not attributed to this diagnosis by the women. Because hip OA and hip fracture have very different determinants, epidemiologic studies that use self‐reported hip replacement as an indicator for the presence of hip OA or as an outcome of hip OA should verify the underlying cause by asking about the reason for surgery.
Work participation and health status in early osteoarthritis of the hip and/or knee: A comparison between the cohort hip and cohort knee and the osteoarthritis initiative
Authors: Bieleman H. J. , Oosterveld F. G. J. , Oostveen J. C. M. , Reneman M. F. , Groothoff J. W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the work participation of Dutch people with early osteoarthritis (OA) in hips or knees and compare this with data from the American Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) cohort. The influence of health status and personal factors on work participation was analyzed.MethodsIn the Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee (CHECK) study, 1,002 subjects were included. Baseline questionnaire data from 970 subjects were analyzed. Rate ratios were calculated to compare work participation with the general Dutch population, after correcting (by stratifying) for age, sex, and education. Health status was measured using the Short Form 36 health survey and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. Groups were compared (CHECK versus OAI, workers versus nonworkers) using t‐tests.ResultsThe mean age of the subjects was 56 years and 79% were women. Overall participation was 51%, similar to the general Dutch population and lower than in the OAI (76%). Point prevalence of sick leave because of hip/knee symptoms was 2%, and year prevalence was 12%. Of the subjects, 14% had made work adaptations. Workers reported significantly better health status (corrected for age, sex, and education) than nonworkers.ConclusionWork participation of Dutch people with early OA is similar to the general population and significantly lower than American subjects. Increasing age, female sex, and lower education level were related to lower participation. Societal factors appear to have had more effect on work participation than health status in this stage of OA. The better health status of workers could not be explained solely by selection bias, but may be a result of work.
Association between physical exercise, body mass index, and risk of fibromyalgia: Longitudinal data from the Norwegian Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study
Authors: Mork Paul J. , Vasseljen Ottar , Nilsen Tom I. L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between leisure time physical exercise, body mass index (BMI), and risk of fibromyalgia (FM).MethodsA longitudinal study with baseline assessment of physical exercise (frequency, duration, and intensity) and BMI was used to explore the risk of having FM at 11‐year followup in a large, unselected female population (n = 15,990) without FM or physical impairments at baseline.ResultsAt followup, 380 cases of incident FM were reported. A weak dose‐response association was found between level of physical exercise and risk of FM (for trend, P = 0.13) where women who reported the highest exercise level had a relative risk (RR) of 0.77 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.55–1.07). BMI was an independent risk factor for FM (for trend, P < 0.001), and overweight or obese women (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2) had a 60–70% higher risk compared with women with normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2). Overweight or obese women who exercised ≥1 hour per week had an RR of 1.72 (95% CI 1.07–2.76) compared with normal‐weight women with a similar activity level, whereas the risk was >2‐fold higher for overweight or obese women who were either inactive (RR 2.09, 95% CI 1.36–3.21) or exercised <1 hour per week (RR 2.19, 95% CI 1.39–3.46).ConclusionBeing overweight or obese was associated with an increased risk of FM, especially among women who also reported low levels of physical exercise. Community‐based measures aimed at reducing the incidence of FM should emphasize the importance of regular exercise and the maintenance of normal body weight.
SirT1 enhances survival of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes by repressing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and activating the insulin‐like growth factor receptor pathway
Authors: Gagarina Viktoria , Gabay Odile , Dvir‐Ginzberg Mona , Lee Eun Jin , Brady Jillian K. , Quon Michael J. , Hall David J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe protein deacetylase SirT1 inhibits apoptosis in a variety of cell systems by distinct mechanisms, yet its role in chondrocyte death has not been explored. We undertook the present study to assess the role of SirT1 in the survival of osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes in humans.MethodsSirT1, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and PTP1B mutant expression plasmids as well as SirT1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and PTP1B siRNA were transfected into primary human chondrocytes. Levels of apoptosis were determined using flow cytometry, and activation of components of the insulin‐like growth factor receptor (IGFR)/Akt pathway was assessed using immunoblotting. OA and normal knee cartilage samples were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsExpression of SirT1 in chondrocytes led to increased chondrocyte survival in either the presence or the absence of tumor necrosis factor α/actinomycin D, while a reduction of SirT1 by siRNA led to increased chondrocyte apoptosis. Expression of SirT1 in chondrocytes led to activation of IGFR and the downstream kinases phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, phosphoinosite‐dependent protein kinase 1, mTOR, and Akt, which in turn phosphorylated MDM2, inhibited p53, and blocked apoptosis. Activation of IGFR occurs at least in part via SirT1‐mediated repression of PTP1B. Expression of PTP1B in chondrocytes increased apoptosis and reduced IGFR phosphorylation, while down‐regulation of PTP1B by siRNA significantly decreased apoptosis. Examination of cartilage from normal donors and OA patients revealed that PTP1B levels are elevated in OA cartilage in which SirT1 levels are decreased.ConclusionFor the first time, it has been demonstrated that SirT1 is a mediator of human chondrocyte survival via down‐regulation of PTP1B, a potent proapoptotic protein that is elevated in OA cartilage.
High‐dose cyclophosphamide versus monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide for systemic lupus erythematosus: A prospective randomized trial
Authors: Petri Michelle , Brodsky Robert A. , Jones Richard J. , Gladstone Douglas , Fillius Michael , Magder Laurence S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveMonthly intravenous (IV) cyclophosphamide for 6 months has been the standard induction regimen for lupus nephritis, followed by a maintenance regimen of quarterly infusions for 2 years. We undertook this study to compare the efficacy and safety of the standard regimen versus a high‐dose IV cyclophosphamide regimen.MethodsWe performed a prospective randomized trial comparing monthly IV cyclophosphamide at 750 mg/m2 body surface area for 6 months followed by quarterly IV cyclophosphamide for 2 years (traditional treatment) against high‐dose IV cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg daily for 4 days) (high‐dose treatment). Entry criteria included renal lupus, neurologic lupus, or other organ system involvement with moderate‐to‐severe activity.ResultsFifty‐one patients were randomized; 3 withdrew before treatment and 1 committed suicide after 2 months of high‐dose treatment. Twenty‐two had renal lupus, 14 had neurologic lupus, and 11 had other organ involvement. The outcome measure was the Responder Index for Lupus Erythematosus (complete response, partial response, no change, or worsening). At 6 months (the end of induction), 11 of 21 patients (52%) in the high‐dose treatment group had a complete response compared with 9 of 26 patients (35%) in the traditional treatment group (P = 0.13). At the final visit (30 months), 10 of 21 patients (48%) in the high‐dose treatment group had a complete response compared with 13 of 20 patients (65%) who continued with traditional treatment (P = 0.13). Six patients crossed over from traditional treatment to high‐dose treatment because of lack of response, and 3 of those patients became complete responders.ConclusionThere was not strong evidence that monthly IV cyclophosphamide and high‐dose IV cyclophosphamide differed in complete or in any (complete or partial) response to induction or maintenance therapy. However, nonresponders to monthly IV cyclophosphamide can sometimes be rescued with high‐dose IV cyclophosphamide.
Text‐based video content classification for online video‐sharing sites
Authors: Huang Chunneng , Fu Tianjun , Chen Hsinchun 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWith the emergence of Web 2.0, sharing personal content, communicating ideas, and interacting with other online users in Web 2.0 communities have become daily routines for online users. User‐generated data from Web 2.0 sites provide rich personal information (e.g., personal preferences and interests) and can be utilized to obtain insight about cyber communities and their social networks. Many studies have focused on leveraging user‐generated information to analyze blogs and forums, but few studies have applied this approach to video‐sharing Web sites. In this study, we propose a text‐based framework for video content classification of online‐video sharing Web sites. Different types of user‐generated data (e.g., titles, descriptions, and comments) were used as proxies for online videos, and three types of text features (lexical, syntactic, and content‐specific features) were extracted. Three feature‐based classification techniques (C4.5, Naïve Bayes, and Support Vector Machine) were used to classify videos. To evaluate the proposed framework, user‐generated data from candidate videos, which were identified by searching user‐given keywords on YouTube, were first collected. Then, a subset of the collected data was randomly selected and manually tagged by users as our experiment data. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach was able to classify online videos based on users' interests with accuracy rates up to 87.2%, and all three types of text features contributed to discriminating videos. Support Vector Machine outperformed C4.5 and Naïve Bayes techniques in our experiments. In addition, our case study further demonstrated that accurate video‐classification results are very useful for identifying implicit cyber communities on video‐sharing Web sites.
Probing protein colloidal behavior in membrane‐based separation processes using spectrofluorometric Rayleigh scattering data
Authors: Elshereef Rand , Budman Hector , Moresoli Christine , Legge Raymond L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOne of the primary problems in membrane‐based protein separation is membrane fouling. In this study we explored the feasibility of employing Rayleigh light scattering data from fluorescence studies combined with chemometric techniques to determine whether a correlation could be established with membrane fouling phenomena. Membrane flux was measured in a dead‐end UF filtration system and the effect of protein solution properties on the flux decline was systematically investigated. A variety of proteins were used as a test case in this study. In parallel, the colloidal behavior of the protein solutions was assessed by employing multiwavelength Rayleigh scattering measurements. To assess the usefulness of Rayleigh scattering measurements for probing the colloidal behavior of proteins, a protein solution of β‐lactoglobulin was used as a base‐case scenario. The colloidal behavior of different β‐lactoglobulin solutions was inferred based on published data for this protein, under identical solution conditions, where techniques other than Rayleigh scattering had been used. Using this approach, good agreement was observed between scattering data and the colloidal behavior of this protein. To test the hypothesis that a high degree of aggregation will lead to increased membrane fouling, filtration data was used to find whether the Rayleigh scattering intensity correlated with permeate flux changes. It was found that for protein solutions which were stable and did not aggregate, fouling was reduced and these solutions exhibited reduced Rayleigh scattering. When the aggregation behavior of the solution was favored, significant flux declines occurred and were highly correlated with increased Rayleigh scattering. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Strategies for developing design spaces for viral clearance by anion exchange chromatography during monoclonal antibody production
Authors: Strauss Daniel M. , Cano Tony , Cai Nick , Delucchi Heather , Plancarte Magdalena , Coleman Daniel , Blank Gregory S. , Chen Qi , Yang Bin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe quality‐by‐design (QbD) regulatory initiative promotes the development of process design spaces describing the multidimensional effects and interactions of process variables on critical quality attributes of therapeutic products. However, because of the complex nature of production processes, strategies must be devised to provide for design space development with reasonable allocation of resources while maintaining highly dependable results. Here, we discuss strategies for the determination of design spaces for viral clearance by anion exchange chromatography (AEX) during purification of monoclonal antibodies. We developed a risk assessment for AEX using a formalized method and applying previous knowledge of the effects of certain variables and the mechanism of action for virus removal by this process. We then use design‐of‐experiments (DOE) concepts to perform a highly fractionated factorial experiment and show that varying many process parameters simultaneously over wide ranges does not affect the ability of the AEX process to remove endogenous retrovirus‐like particles from CHO‐cell derived feedstocks. Finally, we performed a full factorial design and observed that a high degree of viral clearance was obtained for three different model viruses when the most significant process parameters were varied over ranges relevant to typical manufacturing processes. These experiments indicate the robust nature of viral clearance by the AEX process as well as the design space where removal of viral impurities and contaminants can be assured. In addition, the concepts and methodology presented here provides a general approach for the development of design spaces to assure that quality of biotherapeutic products is maintained. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010