bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCR Integrity Management Program using Field Data from a Monitoring System
Authors: Enuganti Prahlad , Shakkari Phani , Constantinides Yiannis , Chen Jen-hwa , Garaudy Jennifer 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Over the past several years, the focus of the oil industry has shifted towards Integrity Management (IM) of offshore platforms. A typical IM program of an offshore platform covers subsea equipment, riser/flowline, processing facilities and topsides. However, the integrity of the riser system is especially critical due to its complex dynamic response and as failures have potential to cause significant impact on life and environment. As part of Chevron's IM efforts on their deepwater floating systems, Chevron has instrumented one of its deepwater GoM platform SCRs with motion and strain monitoring devices. A key objective of the SCR monitoring program is to ensure that the response of the production riser is within safe operating conditions and pre-emptively identify any potential threats to riser integrity.
To maximize the benefits of the SCR IM program, riser monitoring data is processed in conjunction with prevalent environmental, vessel and riser operating conditions. Typically a riser design process contains a standard set of requirements, based on environmental and vessel conditions, that need to be satisfied before the riser is deemed suitable for use. As part of the SCR IM program, additional factors unaccounted during riser design have been identified that have an impact on riser response. Hence the value of a riser monitoring program to account for the limitations of the riser design process and to confirm the overall integrity of the riser system is established.
This paper discusses the methodology used and provides a summary of key findings from the processing of field measurements. The importance of monitoring will be highlighted and recommendations to operators for future integrity management programs will be provided.
Refining the Roles of ROVs and AUVs in the Next Decade
Authors: Johnson Mark A. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract

DESCRIPTION OF THE MATERIAL
The industry would like to develop technologies for remotely operated vehicles, (ROV's) and autonomous underwater vehicles, (AUV's), that can reside and reliably operate for extended periods without the costs of intervention vessels. The forward time period is defined as the next 5 to 10 years and extended subsea operation period is defined as 1 year with maintenance and possible replacement.

APPLICATION
The objective is to identify ROV / AUV sub-systems and components that would need modification or new design/development such that a vehicle system can reliably operate in a cost effective way for these offshore assets:Limited intervention vessel availabilityLong distance offsetsDrilling Riser inspection and BOP guidanceAssets that may have ice cover.FPSO Inspections
It is assumed that a light-class work vehicle would be capable of:Video observation of subsea equipmentOver-riding rotary and linear valvesReplacing electrical flying leadsJetting away silt or debris for observation or replacement operationsLeak detection
ROV's appears to be the correct equipment for vertical access and tooling required tasks. AUV's are best suited for longh horizontal survey operations. Considerable standards and subsea infrastructure would have to be implemented to incorporate vehicles into intervention tasks.
Deepwater Gulf of Mexico Development in a Post-Macondo World
Authors: Brewer Linda , McKeeman Ryan 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Today's operating environment faces a rising tide of stakeholder scrutiny, increased drilling and operating costs as well as rising cost of capital. Many large institutional lenders and insurers are protecting the risks to their own bottom lines by assuming proactive stances on industry best practices and the reputational capital of companies seeking project funding. This re-pricing of risk carries the potential to significantly impact the ability of asset owners to finance major, capital-intensive projects. Deepwater organizations are being challenged to take a more critical look at how risk management, HSE performance, organizational culture, and asset management are central to sustainability performance and securing their license to grow.
Global markets have consistently demonstrated a preference for corporations with a strong record of health, safety, and environmental performance. In addition to being a powerful source of market differentiation, sustainability performance can also help manage critical Non-Technical Risks (NTRs). The identification and early management of NTRs, such as community-related issues and sensitive environments can significantly improve NPV and an asset owner's ability to operate in critical areas of market growth. These same NTRs can account for up to 70-75% of cost and schedule failures in major oil and gas projects in the form of project delays and cost overruns, lost deal opportunities, and host of stakeholder-related issues.
As investor scrutiny escalates in response to billions of dollars lost to Net Present Value (NPV) erosion, compounded by the Macondo incident, the need to better manage Deepwater non-technical performance has abruptly escalated. To address both internal organizational change and deliver on non-technical performance, we have found that NTR is best managed and owned by the line with support from NTR functional expertise that is integrated with the language of the business and a strategic internal organizational change management process. Now is the time to relook at how Deepwater organizations are lined up to address their NTRs, by correctly:Balancing short-term versus long-term business needsIntegrating technical and non-technical risk managementMaking informed non-technical decisions grounded in factsAddressing internal organizational interfaces and fragmentation
Through this approach, this paper will outline how the management of these sustainability issues can be a net contributor to a company's competitive advantage by proactively managing NTRs and ultimately lowering the cost of capital.
Corrosion-Resistant Alloy Cladding of Subsea Componets
Authors: Berridge David 
Published: May 2011

What is cladding?
Cladding is defined as the process of protecting one metal by bonding a second metal to its surface.1

Why is cladding utilized in subsea components?
Cladding supplies a combination of desired properties not found in any one metal. A base metal can be selected for cost or structural properties and another metal added for some special property such as corrosion protection.
For example, a majority of subsea components are designed to meet a minimum yield strength of 75 ksi and are constructed from low alloy chrome moly steels such as UNS G41300. Although the mechanical properties of 4130 are excellent and it has been the bell weather base material in the oil and gas industry for the past 25 plus years, it is not known for its corrosion properties.
On the other hand Alloy 625 (UNS N06625) is known for its excellent corrosion properties, but it only has a yield strength of 60 ksi minimum.
If you combine both alloys, 4130 as the structural component and Alloy 625 cladding as the corrosion component, both desired characteristics are attained.
The cladding of Subsea production components with Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRA) is performed to protect the base material from corrosion, thus assuring the structural integrity of the components over the proposed life of the field.
Considering the cost of recovery, loss of production and the replacement/refurbishment of subsea components, it is prudent to protect them from corrosion.

What is the difference between cladding, inlay and overlay?
There are no differences; all three terms are used interchangeably, which sometimes creates confusion. Historically the application of Corrosion Resistant Alloy Cladding has been a viable, cost effective and reliable method of corrosion protection that has been incorporated into oil and gas components over the past 50 years. Cladding was originally used to combat crevice corrosion and was applied in ring grooves and seat pockets. Up until approximately 15 years ago the predominant cladding material was 300 series austenitic stainless steel grades. API 6A2 explicitly details the qualification of cladding welding procedures, which include acceptable chemical composition and the distance from the base material where the chemistry should be sampled.
The most common cladding material in the austenitic stainless steel grades is Type 316L. The "L" grades are used to provide extra corrosion resistance after welding. The letter "L" after a stainless steel type indicates low carbon. To avoid carbide precipitation in the material when heated in the critical range of 800° F to 1600° F carbon is kept to 0.03% or less.
Coincidently PWHT of cladded components are conducted at the lower end of this temperature range. Carbon precipitates out of the cladding and combines with the chromium which gathers on the grain boundaries, thus denying the material of chromium in solution, which in turn promotes corrosion adjacent to the grain boundaries. By controlling the amount of carbon in the cladding filler material the migration of carbon is minimized.
Effects of Climate Variability and Change on Gulf of Mexico Tropical Cyclone Activity
Authors: Done James , Holland Greg , Bruyere Cindy , Suzuki-Parker Asuka 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
According to three recent assessments, hurricane activity will likely increase in the future. If true, this raises the possibility that new coastal and offshore facilities are being under-designed, and that older facilities may need hardening in order to maintain presently accepted risk levels.
This study presents the latest results from ongoing research that aims to narrow the uncertainties in hurricane activity over the next 50 years using a powerful combination of the latest dynamical and statistical techniques, with particular focus on the Gulf of Mexico. The recent increase in computational capacity has enabled dynamical assessments in unprecedented detail. The benefits of enhanced model resolution are determined together with an assessment of sensitivity of tropical cyclone activity to critical details of the experimental approach.
Storm frequency and storm intensity are shown to increase with increasing model resolution, yet preferred locations and timings of storm activity within the basin and across the hurricane season appear insensitive to both model resolution and details of the model setup; thereby enhancing confidence in previously published results on future increases in storm frequency and intensity. Statistical and dynamical assessments both show an increase in tropical cyclone frequency of 1 to 3 storms by the mid 21st century, further increasing the level of confidence in this prediction.
These latest technologies and techniques are being developed directly into industry-relevant decision tools. One such tool, the Willis Hurricane Index, translates hurricane parameters into quantitative damage assessments and when combined with high resolution simulations can produce damage assessments over the next 50 years.

Introduction
Globally averaged intensity of tropical cyclones will shift towards stronger storms under predicted climate change scenarios, with intensity increases of 2-11% by 2100 according to an assessment by a World Meteorological Organization Expert Team on Climate Change Impacts on Tropical Cyclones (Knutson et al, 2010). They also state that existing modeling studies consistently predict decreases in the globally averaged frequency of tropical cyclones, by 6-34% yet substantial increases in the frequency of the most intense cyclones. The synthesis reports of IPCC (2007) and CCSP (2008) are in general agreement with these assessments. Predicted changes for individual basins; however, show large variations between different modeling studies and there is disagreement on whether numbers of storms in individual basins will increase or decrease (e.g. Knutson et al 2007, Bengtsson et al 2007).
Climate Policy & Corporate Behavior
Authors: Commins Nicola , Lyons Seán , Schiffbauer Marc , Tol Richard S.J. 
Published: May 2011

In this paper, we study the impact of energy taxes and the EU ETS on a large number of firms in Europe between 1996 and 2007. Using company level micro-data, we examine how firms in different sectors were affected by environmental policies. Aspects of behavior and performance studied include total factor productivity, employment levels, investment behavior and profitability. On the whole, energy taxes increased total factor productivity and returns to capital but decreased employment, with a mixed effect on investment, for the sectors included in our analysis. However, large sectoral variation is observed, with some industries losing out in terms of productivity and profitability when faced with increased energy taxes, while others benefitted. doi: 10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol32-No4-3
Senolytic Therapy Enabled by Senescent Cell‐Sensitive Biomimetic Melanin Nano‐Senolytics
Authors: Zhang Hairui , Xu Xiaoling , Shou Xin , Liao Wucan , Jin Chengkang , Chen Changjiang , Zhang Chen , Gao Wenhua , Zhang Junfeng , Ge Weihong , Shi Liyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCellular senescence is a significant risk factor for aging and age‐related diseases (ARD). The canonical senolytics Dasatinib and Quercetin (DQ) have shown promise in clearing senescent cells (SnCs); however, the lack of selectivity poses a challenge in achieving optimal outcomes. Despite the recent occurrence of nanomaterial‐based approaches targeting SnCs, limited therapeutic effects, and potential toxicity still remain a major concern. Herein, a “double locks‐like” nanoplatform is developed that integrated Galactan coating and mesoporous polydopamine to encase the senolytic drug DQ. By this way, DQ is only released in SnCs that are featured with higher levels of β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) and low PH. Additionally, the nanoparticles are equipped with 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (Tempo) to gain enhanced photothermal converting potential. Consequently, the synthesized nanosenolytics demonstrate remarkable specificity and efficacy in eradicating SnCs, and accordingly reverse pulmonary fibrosis in mice without affecting normal tissues. Upon exposure of near‐infrared (NIR) light, the nanoparticles demonstrate to efficiently remove senescent tumor cells inducted by chemotherapy, thereby hindering the outgrowth and metastasis or breast cancer. Collectively, the present study develops an “On/Off” switchable nanoplatform in response to SnCs, and produces a more safe, efficient, and feasible way to delay aging or alleviate age‐associated diseases.
Bottom‐Up Assembling Hierarchical Enamel‐Like Bulk Materials with Excellent Optical and Mechanical Properties for Tooth Restoration
Authors: Zhang Shan , Xu Wu , Wu Leping , Li Xiaxin , Liu Xingzi , Wu Xiaoting , Wu Guomin , Zheng Shunli , Cao Chris Ying , Zhou Zheng , Wong Hai Ming , Zhang Xu , Li Quan‐Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnamel has good optical and mechanical properties because of its multiscale hierarchical structure. Biomimetic construction of enamel‐like 3D bulk materials at nano‐, micro‐, mesh‐ and macro‐levels is a challenge. A novel facile, cost‐effective, and easy large‐scale bottom‐up assembly strategy to align 1D hydroxyapatite (HA) nanowires bundles to 3D hierarchical enamel structure with the nanowires bundles layer‐by‐layer interweaving orientation, is reported. In the strategy, the surface of oleate templated ultralong HA nanowires with a large aspect ratio is functionalized with amphiphilic 10‐methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP). Furtherly, the MDP functionalized HA nanowire bundles are assembled layer‐by‐layer with oriented fibers in a single layer and cross‐locked between layers at a certain angle at mesoscale and macroscale in the viscous bisphenol A‐glycidyl methacrylate (Bis‐GMA) ethanol solution by shear force induced by simple agitation and high‐speed centrifugation. Finally, the excessive Bis‐GMA and ethanol are removed, and (Bis‐GMA)‐(MDP‐HA nanowire bundle) matrix is densely packed under hot pressing and polymerized to form bulk enamel‐like materials. The composite has superior optical properties and comparable comprehensive mechanic performances through a combination of strength, hardness, toughness, and friction. This method may open new avenues for controlling the nanowires assembly to develop hierarchical nanomaterials with superior properties for many different applications.
Sub‐2 nm Microstrained High‐Entropy‐Alloy Nanoparticles Boost Hydrogen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Luo Heng , Li Lu , Lin Fangxu , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Kai , Wang Dawei , Gu Lin , Luo Mingchuan , Lv Fan , Guo Shaojun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh‐entropy alloys (HEAs) confine multifarious elements into the same lattice, leading to intense lattice distortion effect. The lattice distortion tends to induce local microstrain at atomic level and thus affect surface adsorptions toward different adsorbates in various electrocatalytic reactions, yet remains unexplored. Herein, this work reports a class of sub‐2 nm IrRuRhMoW HEA nanoparticles (NPs) with distinct local microstrain induced by lattice distortion for boosting alkaline hydrogen oxidation (HOR) and evolution reactions (HER). This work demonstrates that the distortion‐rich HEA catalysts with optimized electronic structure can downshift the d‐band center and generate uncoordinated oxygen sites to enhance the surface oxophilicity. As a result, the IrRuRhMoW HEA NPs show a remarkable HOR kinetic current density of 8.09 mA µg−1PGM at 50 mV versus RHE, 8.89, 22.47 times higher than those of IrRuRh NPs without internal strain and commercial Pt/C, respectively, which is the best value among all the reported non‐Pt based catalysts. IrRuRhMoW HEA NPs also display great HER performances with a turnover frequency (TOF) value of 5.93 H2 s−1 at 70 mV versus RHE, 4.6‐fold higher than that of Pt/C catalyst, exceeding most noble metal‐based catalysts. Experimental characterizations and theoretical studies collectively confirm that weakened hydrogen (Had) and enhanced hydroxyl (OHad) adsorption are achieved by simultaneously modulating the hydrogen adsorption binding energy and surface oxophilicity originated from intensified ligand effect and microstrain effect over IrRuRhMoW HEA NPs, which guarantees the remarkable performances toward HOR/HER.
Thinning the Bulk into the Soft: Flexible and Stretchable Germanium Photodetectors
Authors: Zhao Guopeng , Guo Qinglei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInorganic semiconductor‐based nano/micro‐membranes are of great interest and can be used as active materials for high‐performance and flexible electronics, due to their unique and stable physical or chemical properties. However, the creation of high‐quality and single‐crystalline semiconducting membranes, particularly germanium (Ge) membranes, remains a significant challenge. In this study, a wet etching approach is developed to thin bulk Ge into soft Ge membranes, which are further used to fabricate flexible and stretchable photodetectors. The thickness of the obtained Ge membranes can be precisely controlled, with a minimum thickness of ≈1.6 µm. Investigations on the surface morphology, surface chemical composition, and Raman shifts indicate that the prepared Ge membranes are single‐crystalline and suitable for the following device fabrication. As an example, flexible and stretchable Ge photodetectors, of which the stretchability is realized by a meshed‐structure design, are demonstrated. Bending (with a minimum radius of 4 mm and a bending cycle of 10 000 times) and stretching (with a stretching strain of up to 10%) tests result in negligible variations in the device performance, revealing good flexibility, and stretchability, as well as the significant potentials of the prepared Ge membranes as candidates for flexible electronics.
A Narrative Review of In‐Textile Sensors in Human Health Applications
Authors: Smith Aaron Asael , Li Rui , Xu Lulu , Tse Zion Tsz Ho 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSensors have become more versatile and sophisticated in recent years to fulfill the increasing demands for human health applications. Physiological information such as electrocardiogram, pulse rate, and respiration are essential indications of personal health, often collected as vitals, which are typically collected from medical‐grade electrocardiogram (ECG) machines. In‐textile sensors are a fast‐growing sub‐category of wearable sensors embedded in smart textiles to acquire physiological information and movement index and provide harmful chemical warnings without compromising the comfortable nature of clothing. Recent literature has shown that integrating new materials has greatly improved the stability, specificity, and selectivity of in‐textile sensors. For example, polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber produced a highly stretchable sensor to measure ECG readings during movement without losing data quality. This review discusses a group of nanomaterial‐based in‐textile sensors for consumer use in the home, workplace, and healthcare environments. This review will focus on exploring and analyzing the latest developments in these nanomaterial‐based e‐textiles due to their ability to be more easily integrated for daily use and their great potential for medical applications. Future work will be necessary to incorporate recycled materials, improve the method of powering these sensors, and ultimately refine the designs to be appropriate for more sustainable use.
Dual‐Mode Thermal Responses in Red and Near‐Infrared Emission Channels via Manipulating Cross Relaxations
Authors: Chen Wenli , Luo Qiulian , Zhou Liya , Chen Peican , He Jin , Pang Qi , Zhang Jin Zhong , Chen Yibo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLead‐free double perovskites with multi‐mode emission characters are highly desired for optoelectronic devices. Herein, dual‐mode thermal responses with low thermal quenching in the red emission channel and high thermal quenching in the near‐infrared (NIR) channel are achieved in a holmium‐based double perovskite (Cs2NaHoCl6). The temperature‐dependent emission is modulated by manipulating three cross relaxations of CR1 (5F4, 5I7) → (5F5, 5I6), CR2 (5S2, 5I8) → (5F5, 5I7), and CR3 (5F5, 5F5) → (5I7, 5G4) through adjusting the concentration of Ho3+. The difference in thermal response between the red and NIR emissions becomes more pronounced with a higher concentration of Ho3+ up to 100%, while the two emissions show almost the same thermal quenching behavior when the Ho3+ concentration is below 20%. To demonstrate their applications, a thermal‐responsive dual‐mode information encryption system and a NIR emitting LED with night vision capacity are fabricated using the prepared samples. This study provides a new approach for thermal quenching regulation in rare‐earth‐based lead‐free perovskites and illustrates their potential in lighting, anti‐counterfeiting, and sensing applications.
Photoinduced, trans‐Diastreoselective Oxyselenenylation of Allylic Alcohols to Form Selenylated Cyclic Boronic Esters
Authors: Qu Pei , Jiang You‐Qin , Wu Hongmei , Wang Yong‐Hao , Ling Yong , Zhang Yanan , Liu Gong‐Qing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA visible‐light‐induced method was developed to synthesize selenylated cyclic boronic esters through intermolecular oxyselenenylation. This method can be performed under additive‐free and photocatalyst‐free conditions and generates potentially pharmaceutically useful heterocycles. A plausible reaction mechanism was proposed based on several control experiments and previous reports.