bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Finnish and Swedish intensive care nursing narratives: a comparative analysis to support the development of clinical language technologies
Authors: Allvin Helen , Carlsson Elin , Dalianis Hercules , Danielsson-Ojala Riitta , Daudaravičius Vidas , Hassel Martin , Kokkinakis Dimitrios , Lundgrén-Laine Heljä , Nilsson Gunnar H , Nytrø Øystein , Salanterä Sanna , Skeppstedt Maria , Suominen Hanna , Velupillai Sumithra 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
Free text is helpful for entering information into electronic health records, but reusing it is a challenge. The need for language technology for processing Finnish and Swedish healthcare text is therefore evident; however, Finnish and Swedish are linguistically very dissimilar. In this paper we present a comparison of characteristics in Finnish and Swedish free-text nursing narratives from intensive care. This creates a framework for characterising and comparing clinical text and lays the groundwork for developing clinical language technologies.

Methods
Our material included daily nursing narratives from one intensive care unit in Finland and one in Sweden. Inclusion criteria for patients were an inpatient period of least five days and an age of at least 16 years. We performed a comparative analysis as part of a collaborative effort between Finnish- and Swedish-speaking healthcare and language technology professionals that included both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The qualitative analysis addressed the content and structure of three average-sized health records from each country. In the quantitative analysis 514 Finnish and 379 Swedish health records were studied using various language technology tools.

Results
Although the two languages are not closely related, nursing narratives in Finland and Sweden had many properties in common. Both made use of specialised jargon and their content was very similar. However, many of these characteristics were challenging regarding development of language technology to support producing and using clinical documentation.

Conclusions
The way Finnish and Swedish intensive care nursing was documented, was not country or language dependent, but shared a common context, principles and structural features and even similar vocabulary elements. Technology solutions are therefore likely to be applicable to a wider range of natural languages, but they need linguistic tailoring.

Availability
The Finnish and Swedish data can be found at: http://www.dsv.su.se/hexanord/data/.
Mutual regulation between deubiquitinase CYLD and retroviral oncoprotein Tax
Authors: Wu Xuefeng , Zhang Minying , Sun Shao-Cong 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
Oncoprotein Tax, encoded by the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV1), persistently induces NF-κB activation, which contributes to HTLV1-mediated T-cell transformation. Recent studies suggest that the signaling function of Tax requires its ubiquitination, although how the Tax ubiquitination is regulated remains unclear.

Results
We show here that the deubiquitinase CYLD physically interacts with Tax and negatively regulates the ubiquitination of this viral protein. This function of CYLD is associated with inhibition of Tax-mediated activation of IKK although not that of Tak1. Interestingly, CYLD undergoes constitutive phosphorylation in HTLV1-transformed T cells, a mechanism known to inactivate the catalytic activity of CYLD. Consistently, a phospho-mimetic CYLD mutant fails to inhibit Tax ubiquitination.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that CYLD negatively regulates the signaling function of Tax through inhibition of Tax ubiquitination. Conversely, induction of CYLD phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism by which HTLV1 overrides the inhibitory function of CYLD, leading to the persistent activation of NF-κB.
Phase I Trial of Lenalidomide and CCI-779 in Patients With Relapsed Multiple Myeloma: Evidence for Lenalidomide–CCI-779 Interaction via P-Glycoprotein
Authors: Hofmeister Craig C. , Yang Xiaoxia , Pichiorri Flavia , Chen Ping , Rozewski Darlene M. , Johnson Amy J. , Lee Seungsoo , Liu Zhongfa , Garr Celia L. , Hade Erinn M. , Ji Jia , Schaaf Larry J. , Benson Don M. , Kraut Eric H. , Hicks William J. , Chan Kenneth K. , Chen Ching-Shih , Farag Sherif S. , Grever Michael R. , Byrd John C. , Phelps Mitch A. 
Published: August 2011

Purpose Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma-cell neoplasm for which most treatments involve a therapeutic agent combined with dexamethasone. The preclinical combination of lenalidomide with the mTOR inhibitor CCI-779 has displayed synergy in vitro and represents a novel combination in MM. Patients and Methods A phase I clinical trial was initiated for patients with relapsed myeloma with administration of oral lenalidomide on days 1 to 21 and CCI-779 intravenously once per week during a 28-day cycle. Pharmacokinetic data for both agents were obtained, and in vitro transport and uptake studies were conducted to evaluate potential drug-drug interactions. Results Twenty-one patients were treated with 15 to 25 mg lenalidomide and 15 to 20 mg CCI-779. The maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) was determined to be 25 mg lenalidomide with 15 mg CCI-779. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated increased doses of CCI-779 resulted in statistically significant changes in clearance, maximum concentrations, and areas under the concentration-time curves, with constant doses of lenalidomide. Similar and significant changes for CCI-779 pharmacokinetics were also observed with increased lenalidomide doses. Detailed mechanistic interrogation of this pharmacokinetic interaction demonstrated that lenalidomide was an ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein [P-gp]) substrate. Conclusion The MTD of this combination regimen was 25 mg lenalidomide with 15 mg CCI-779, with toxicities of fatigue, neutropenia, and electrolyte wasting. Pharmacokinetic and clinical interactions between lenalidomide and CCI-779 seemed to occur, with in vitro data indicating lenalidomide was an ABCB1 (P-gp) substrate. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a clinically significant P-gp–based drug-drug interaction with lenalidomide.
[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography for Detection of Bone Marrow Involvement in Children and Adolescents With Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Purz Sandra , Mauz-Körholz Christine , Körholz Dieter , Hasenclever Dirk , Krausse Antje , Sorge Ina , Ruschke Kathrin , Stiefel Martina , Amthauer Holger , Schober Otmar , Kranert W. Tilman , Weber Wolfgang A. , Haberkorn Uwe , Hundsdörfer Patrick , Ehlert Karoline , Becker Martina , Rössler Jochen , Kulozik Andreas E. , Sabri Osama , Kluge Regine 
Published: August 2011

Purpose Currently, a routine bone marrow biopsy (BMB) is performed to detect bone marrow (BM) involvement in pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) stage greater than IIA. [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is increasingly used for the initial staging of HL. The value of using FDG-PET to detect BM involvement has not been sufficiently defined. We compared the results of BMBs and FDG-PET for the diagnosis of BM involvement in a large pediatric group with HL. Patients and Methods The initial staging of 175 pediatric patients with newly diagnosed classical HL stage greater than IIA was determined by using BMB, FDG-PET, chest computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or CT of the neck, abdomen, and pelvis. Staging images were prospectively evaluated by a central review board. Skeletal regions that were suggestive of BM involvement by either method were re-evaluated by using different imaging modalities. In suspicious cases, bone scintigraphy was performed. If follow-up FDG-PET scans were available, the remission of skeletal lesions during treatment was evaluated. Results BMB results were positive in seven of 175 patients and were identified by FDG-PET. FDG-PET scans showed BM involvement in 45 patients. In addition, the lesions of 32 of these 45 patients had a typical multifocal pattern. In 38 of 39 follow-up positron emission tomography scans, most of the skeletal lesions disappeared after chemotherapy. There was no patient with skeletal findings suggestive of BM involvement by MRI or CT with a negative FDG-PET. Conclusion FDG-PET is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of BM involvement in pediatric HL. The sensitivity of a BMB appears compromised by the focal pattern of BM involvement. Thus, FDG-PET may safely be substituted for a BMB in routine staging procedures.
A Randomized, Phase II, Biomarker-Selected Study Comparing Erlotinib to Erlotinib Intercalated With Chemotherapy in First-Line Therapy for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hirsch Fred R. , Kabbinavar Fairooz , Eisen Tim , Martins Renato , Schnell Fredrick M. , Dziadziuszko Rafal , Richardson Katherine , Richardson Frank , Wacker Bret , Sternberg David W. , Rusk Jason , Franklin Wilbur A. , Varella-Garcia Marileila , Bunn Paul A. , Camidge D. Ross 
Published: August 2011

Purpose Erlotinib prolongs survival in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We report the results of a randomized, phase II study of erlotinib alone or intercalated with chemotherapy (CT + erlotinib) in chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced NSCLC who were positive for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein expression and/or with high EGFR gene copy number. Patients and Methods A total of 143 patients were randomly assigned to either erlotinib 150 mg daily orally until disease progression (PD) occurred or to chemotherapy with paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) and carboplatin dosed by creatinine clearance (AUC 6) IV on day 1 intercalated with erlotinib 150 mg orally on days 2 through 15 every 3 weeks for four cycles followed by erlotinib 150 mg orally until PD occurred (CT + erlotinib). The primary end point was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS); secondary end points included response rate, PFS, and survival. EGFR, KRAS mutation, EGFR fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, and E-cadherin and vimentin protein levels were also assessed. Results Six-month PFS rates were 26% and 31% for the two arms (CT + erlotinib and erlotinib alone, respectively). Both were less than the historical control of 45% (P = .001 and P = .011, respectively). Median PFS times were 4.57 and 2.69 months, respectively. Patients with tumors harboring EGFR activating mutations fared better on erlotinib alone (median PFS, 18.2 months v 4.9 months for CT + erlotinib). Conclusion The feasibility of a multicenter biomarker-driven study was demonstrated, but neither treatment arms exceeded historical controls. This study does not support combined chemotherapy and erlotinib in first-line treatment of EGFR-selected advanced NSCLC, and the patients with tumors harboring EGFR mutations had a better outcome on erlotinib alone.
Phase I Trial of MK-0752 in Children With Refractory CNS Malignancies: A Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium Study
Authors: Fouladi Maryam , Stewart Clinton F. , Olson James , Wagner Lars M. , Onar-Thomas Arzu , Kocak Mehmet , Packer Roger J. , Goldman Stewart , Gururangan Sridharan , Gajjar Amar , Demuth Tim , Kun Larry E. , Boyett James M. , Gilbertson Richard J. 
Published: August 2011

Purpose To estimate the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), describe dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and characterize pharmacokinetic properties of MK-0752, a gamma secretase inhibitor, in children with refractory or recurrent CNS malignancies. Patients and Methods MK-0752 was administered once daily for 3 consecutive days of every 7 days at escalating dosages starting at 200 mg/m2. The modified continual reassessment method was used to estimate the MTD. A course was 28 days in duration. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed during the first course. Expression of NOTCH and hairy enhancer of split (HES) proteins was assessed in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and following treatment with MK-0752. Results Twenty-three eligible patients were enrolled: 10 males (median age, 8.1 years; range, 2.6 to 17.7 years) with diagnoses of brainstem glioma (n = 6), ependymoma (n = 8), medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (n = 4), glioblastoma multiforme (n = 2), atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (n = 1), malignant glioma (n = 1), and choroid plexus carcinoma, (n = 1). Seventeen patients were fully evaluable for toxicity. No DLTs occurred in the three patients enrolled at 200 mg/m2/dose. At 260 mg/m2/dose, DLTs occurred in two of six patients, both of whom experienced grade 3 ALT and AST. There were no grade 4 toxicities; non–dose-limiting grade 3 toxicities included hypokalemia and lymphopenia. Population pharmacokinetic values (% coefficient of variation) for MK-0752 were apparent oral clearance, 0.444 (38%) L/h/m2; apparent volume of distribution, 7.36 (24%) L/m2; and ka, 0.358 (99%) hr−1. Conclusion MK-0752 is well-tolerated in children with recurrent CNS malignancies. The recommended phase II dose using the 3 days on followed by 4 days off schedule is 260 mg/m2/dose once daily.
Cause-Specific Colostomy Rates After Radiotherapy for Anal Cancer: A Danish Multicentre Cohort Study
Authors: Sunesen Kåre G. , Nørgaard Mette , Lundby Lilli , Havsteen Hanne , Buntzen Steen , Thorlacius-Ussing Ole , Laurberg Søren 
Published: August 2011

Purpose In anal cancer, colostomy-free survival is a measure of anal sphincter preservation after treatment with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Failure to control anal cancer and complications of treatment are alternative indications for colostomy. However, no data exist on cause-specific colostomy rates. We examined this in a cohort study. Patients and Methods Through national registries and review of medical records, we identified patients with anal cancer diagnosed from 1995 to 2003 who had curative-intent radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in four Danish centers. We computed cumulative incidence of tumor-related colostomy and therapy-related colostomy, treating colostomy and death as competing events. Follow-up started at completion of radiotherapy and continued throughout 2008. We used competing risk regression to compute hazard ratios (HRs) to compare the cumulative incidence of cause-specific colostomies between age, sex, tumor size, chemotherapy, and local excision before radiotherapy. Results We included 235 patients with anal cancer. The 5-year cumulative incidences of tumor-related and therapy-related colostomy were 26% (95% CI, 21% to 32%) and 8% (95% CI, 5% to 12%), respectively. Tumor size greater than 6 cm versus less than 4 cm was a risk factor for tumor-related colostomy (adjusted HR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.7 to 8.1), and local excision before radiotherapy was a risk factor for therapy-related colostomy (adjusted HR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.5 to 13.5). Conclusion After curative-intent radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, one third of patients had a colostomy, of which one third were related to therapy. Large tumor size was associated with a higher risk of tumor-related colostomy, whereas history of prior excision was associated with an increased incidence of therapy-related colostomy.
New insights into the phylogenetic distribution and evolutionary origins of the septins
Authors: Nishihama Ryuichi , Onishi Masayuki , Pringle John R. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Until recently, it had appeared that the septin family of proteins was restricted to the opisthokont eukaryotes (the fungi and animals and their close relatives the microsporidia and choanoflagellates). It has now become apparent that septins are also present in several other widely divergent eukaryotic lineages (chlorophyte algae, brown algae, and ciliates). This distribution and the details of the non-opisthokont septin sequences appear to require major revisions to hypotheses about the origins and early evolution of the septins.
The fungal resistance of wood modified with glutaraldehyde
Authors: Xiao Zefang , Xie Yanjun , Mai Carsten 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) were treated with glutaraldehyde (GA) in aqueous solution in the presence of magnesium chloride as a catalyst to evaluate the durability improvement towards staining and rot fungi. The GA modified specimens were dipped in a spore suspension of the blue stain fungus Aureobasidium pullulans and incubated for 8 weeks. The growth on both pine and beech wood was restrained, when the weight percent gain (WPG) of the specimens was above 7%. Under this condition, GA-modified beech wood did not suffer any mass loss after incubation with the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor. The threshold to prevent decay of beech and pine specimens towards the brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana was at a WPG of only 3%. GA treatment to a WPG over 6% protected the Scots pine stakes from soft rot decay during 32 weeks’ exposure according to ENv 807 (2001).
Recycling potential of unbleached and bleached chemical pulps from juvenile and mature wood ofPopulus deltoides
Authors: Hamzeh Yahya , Najafi Seyed Mohammad Hashemi , Hubbe Martin A. , Salehi Kamyar , Firouzabadi Mohammad Reza Dehghani 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe recycling potential of unbleached and bleached pulps of juvenile and mature wood of poplar (namely “eastern cottonwood”,Populus deltoides) has been investigated. First, chemical and morphological characteristics of juvenile wood (JW), transition wood, and mature wood (MW) of the trunk were determined. Then, high yield and low yield pulps were produced separately from JW and MW by kraft pulping (KP), followed by bleaching of the low-yield pulp with a DED sequence. The obtained handsheet papers were subjected to five successive drying and rewetting cycles (as recycling simulation), and the properties of the corresponding pulps were characterized. The results show that JW is inferior with respect to chemical and morphological properties and resulted in low-yield KP. The bleached pulp obtained from JW required more bleaching chemical to achieve the brightness targets. The strength losses of pulps resulting from recycling were more significant in the first recycling cycle, and then the loss rate decreased with further cycles. The comparison between different pulps showed that the JW pulps were more susceptible to the effects of recycling than MW pulps.
Dilute solution viscometry study on the miscibility of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan-cellulose acetate blends
Authors: Boricha Alka G. , Murthy Zagabathuni Venkata Panchakshari 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Dilute solution viscometry method is used for studying viscosity behavior of newly prepared N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC), cellulose acetate (CA), and their blends at different compositions (0/10, 2/8, 4/6, 5/5, 6/4, 8/2, 10/0). In this method, reduced viscosity (η
sp/c) and inherent viscosity (ln η
rel/c) of the given polymer sample have been determined by measuring the flow time of the polymer sample in acetone solvent. Huggins (k) and Kraemer coefficients (k′) for given polymer-solvent system are calculated from the extrapolation of plots (η
sp/c) versus(c) and (ln η
rel/c) versus(c). The miscibility of this polymer system is determined using different criteria such as Δb, Δb′, , interaction parameter Δ[η], thermodynamic parameter α, and modified thermodynamic parameter β. Based on the positive or negative sign of this criteria, miscibility of the polymer system is investigated. The results of the dilute solution viscometry method suggested that the NOCC/CA blends are miscible at the compositions range of 4/6, 5/5, 6/4, and 8/2 and completely immiscible at the 2/8 composition. The results are also supported by Fourier transform infrared analyses of all the compositions.
Synthesis, modification, and characterization of organosilicone and acrylate copolymer latex
Authors: Xu Lei , Dai Chun-hua , Chen Lei , Xie Hong-de 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Silicone elastomers are well known for their interesting physical and chemical properties such as low surface tension and surface energy, high energy of Si–O bond, good molecule flexibility, increased modulus, decreased thermal expansion coefficient, increased heat distortion temperature, reduced gas permeability, better fire-retardant properties, enhanced ionic conductivity, low flammability, increased solvent resistance, lower material cost, and ease of preparation and processing. High-silicon-content silicone-acrylate copolymerization emulsion by octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and acrylic ester was synthesized and characterized in this article. About 20 wt% silicon content gave the latex film a rubberlike characteristic as shown by the study of the resilience and tensile curve of the silicone-acrylic latex film. The emulsions were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A Mastersizer 2000 particle size distributor from Malvern Instruments was used to measure the particle size distribution of the organosilicone-acrylate copolymer emulsion. In this article, the thermal properties of the copolymers were studied using thermogravimetric analysis. The morphology structure of the latex film was determined by transmission electron microscopy. The analysis results indicated that the latex film presented high drawing rate and high elasticity. Compared with common polymer fluid, the latex displayed a sound performance in flowability, elastic resilience, and industry application value.
Metal injection molding of W-Ni-Fe microcutters
Authors: Huang Ming-Shyan , Chung Chin-Feng 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
This investigation applies metal injection molding (MIM) to fabricate precise microcutters from W-Ni-Fe alloy powder. The hard and brittle W-Ni-Fe alloy is difficult to machine, and MIM must be applied to produce near net-shaped products. MIM involves the injection molding of feedstock by blending metal powder and binders, debinding, and sintering. Liquid-phase sintering is commonly adopted to improve the density and mechanical properties of the sintered parts, but it is inferior in terms of dimensional stability. This study elucidates the dimensional stability of sintered parts made from W-Ni-Fe alloy feedstocks that contain 83 and 93 wt% W. The powder injection molding of microcutters that demand micrometer-scale precision is considered as an example. The Taguchi method is utilized to optimize injection molding and sintering parameters, effectively optimizing the dimensional stability and mechanical properties. Experimental results show that (1) feedstock with 93 wt% W exhibited little and consistent shrinkage (25%–26%); (2) the optimal injection molding parameters determined by the Taguchi method yield an eccentricity of over 18%, and (3) in the sintering process, low heating rate significantly improves dimensional stability. The average hardness of microcutters, sintered at various heating rates, ranges from Vickers hardness 446 to 452.
Determination of relevant “average” properties for tubular filler materials used in composites
Authors: Piccione Patrick M. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
To obtain the best estimate of the average diameter and number of walls of tubular objects such as carbon nanotubes, which are used as filler materials in composites, both inner and outer diameters must be taken into consideration. The appropriate weighting factor is calculated from the cross-sectional circular shell area. In the case of cylindrical objects, the formulae simplify considerably and the average diameter and wall thickness are the third moment of their distribution function. Two examples illustrate the numerical effects of these calculation procedures.