bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PIK3CAmutation impact on survival in breast cancer patients and in ERα, PR and ERBB2-based subgroups
Authors: Cizkova Magdalena , Susini Aurélie , Vacher Sophie , Cizeron-Clairac Géraldine , Andrieu Catherine , Driouch Keltouma , Fourme Emmanuelle , Lidereau Rosette , Bièche Ivan 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Introduction
PIK3CA is the oncogene showing the highest frequency of gain-of-function mutations in breast cancer, but the prognostic value of PIK3CA mutation status is controversial.

Methods
We investigated the prognostic significance of PIK3CA mutation status in a series of 452 patients with unilateral invasive primary breast cancer and known long-term outcome (median follow-up 10 years).

Results
PIK3CA mutations were identified in 151 tumors (33.4%). The frequency of PIK3CA mutations differed markedly according to hormone receptor (estrogen receptor alpha [ERα] and progesterone receptor [PR]) and ERBB2 status, ranging from 12.5% in the triple-negative subgroup (ER-/PR-/ERBB2-) to 41.1% in the HR+/ERBB2- subgroup. PIK3CA mutation was associated with significantly longer metastasis-free survival in the overall population (P = 0.0056), and especially in the PR-positive and ERBB2-positive subgroups. In Cox multivariate regression analysis, the prognostic significance of PIK3CA mutation status persisted only in the ERBB2-positive subgroup.

Conclusions
This study confirms the high prevalence of PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer. PIK3CA mutation is an emerging tumor marker which might become used in treatment-choosing process. The independent prognostic value of PIK3CA mutation status in ERBB2-positive breast cancer patients should be now confirmed in larger series of patients included in randomized prospective ERBB2-based clinical trials.
Integrating mechanistic organism–environment interactions into the basic theory of community and evolutionary ecology
Authors: Baskett Marissa L. 
Published: February 2012

Summary
This paper presents an overview of how mechanistic knowledge of organism–environment interactions, including biomechanical interactions of heat, mass and momentum transfer, can be integrated into basic theoretical population biology through mechanistic functional responses that quantitatively describe how organisms respond to their physical environment. Integrating such functional responses into simple community and microevolutionary models allows scaling up of the organism-level understanding from biomechanics both ecologically and temporally. For community models, Holling-type functional responses for predator–prey interactions provide a classic example of the functional response affecting qualitative model dynamics, and recent efforts are expanding analogous models to incorporate environmental influences such as temperature. For evolutionary models, mechanistic functional responses dependent on the environment can serve as fitness functions in both quantitative genetic and game theoretic frameworks, especially those concerning function-valued traits. I present a novel comparison of a mechanistic fitness function based on thermal performance curves to a commonly used generic fitness function, which quantitatively differ in their predictions for response to environmental change. A variety of examples illustrate how mechanistic functional responses enhance model connections to biologically relevant traits and processes as well as environmental conditions and therefore have the potential to link theoretical and empirical studies. Sensitivity analysis of such models can provide biologically relevant insight into which parameters and processes are important to community and evolutionary responses to environmental change such as climate change, which can inform conservation management aimed at protecting response capacity. Overall, the distillation of detailed knowledge or organism–environment interactions into mechanistic functional responses in simple population biology models provides a framework for integrating biomechanics and ecology that allows both tractability and generality.
Highly Efficient OVPD-Processed Resonant-Cavity OLED Comprising a Semitransparent Ag layer
Authors: Bösing M. , Lindla F. , Brast M. , Bertram D. , Keiper D. , Heuken M. , Kalisch H. , Vescan A. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe light out-coupling potential of introducing a semitransparent Ag layer between the anode and the organic layer stack of monochrome bottom-emitting organic light emitting diodes (OLED) is examined. Red and green phosphorescent as well as deep-blue fluorescent resonant-cavity OLED (RC-OLED) comprising a semitransparent Ag layer are processed by means of organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD). An enhancement of the luminous efficiency of up to 81% can be observed.The impressive efficiency enhancement can be explained by a reduced formation of substrate modes in combination with a strong narrowing of the emission spectrum leading to an increased true luminous efficiency.
Radiation Growth of HCP Metals under Cascade Damage Conditions
Authors: Golubov Stanislav I. , Barashev Alexander V. , Stoller Roger E. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTModels of radiation growth proposed to date are all based on the assumption that the primary damage is produced by neutron irradiation in the form of single defects. These models do not account for the features of the cascade damage: intra-cascade clustering of self‑interstitial atoms (SIAs) and their one‑dimensional diffusion. During the last twenty years, a ‘Production Bias Model’ has been developed, which shows that the damage accumulation in cubic metals depends crucially on the cascade properties. The cascades in hcp zirconium are similar to those in cubic crystals; hence the model can provide a realistic framework for the hcp metals as well. In this work we present such a model in application to low-temperature (below 300°C) radiation growth.
Grain Boundary Analysis of Crept Alloy 617
Authors: Zhang Fan , Field David P. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAlloy 617, a high-temperature creep-resistant, nickel-based alloy, is being considered for the primary heat exchanger for the next generation nuclear plant, which is highly influenced by thermal creep. The main objective of this study is to inspect the crept grain boundaries under its imitated working condition, and to determine which boundaries are susceptible to damage and which are more resistant, in order to help improve its creep resistance in future manufacturing. Electron backscatter diffraction was used to measure the proportions of each boundary by observing and analyzing these crept microstructures. The grain-boundary distribution can be expressed in terms of five parameters including three parameters of lattice misorientation and two parameters of the grain-boundary plane normal. Three conditions were analyzed: the original material, metal that was annealed without stress, and ones that were crept at 1000ºC at 19 MPa and 25 MPa for various times. Though observation, it is found that the voids seldom occur at low angle grain boundaries, and coherent twin boundaries are also resist to creep damage.
Nitrogen pair − hydrogen complexes in ZnO and p-type doping.
Authors: Boonchun Adisak , Lambrecht Walter R. L. , T-Thienprasert Jiraroj , Limpijumnong Sukit 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTElectronic structure calculations using the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) hybrid functional are presented for NO-pair complexes with and without hydrogen to test the hypothesis that such defect complexes could lead to shallower levels than for isolated NO and hence p-type doping. The H is found to bind strongly to one of the N in the pair and removes thecorresponding defect level from the gap but the second N’s polaronic defect level in the gap remains deep.
Triple-Shape Effect of Copolymer Networks Based on Poly(ω-pentadecalactone) and Poly(ε‑caprolactone) Segments Applying a Programming Procedure with an Adjusted Temperature Profile
Authors: Zotzmann Jörg , Behl M. , Lendlein A. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTA triple-shape material based on the two crystallizable segments poly(ω‑pentadeca-lactone) and poly(ε-caprolactone) was synthesized by crosslinking star-shaped precursors. A newly developed programming procedure (TSCP2) was applied in order to achieve triple-shape behavior. The application of this modified triple-shape creation procedure enabled triple-shape capability by influencing the crystallization behavior of the two switching segments in these copolymer networks, which partly show no two distinct and separated melting points. The influence of molecular weight and content of the poly(ε-caprolactone) segment on the triple-shape effect programmed by application of TSCP2 was investigated.
Sacrificial Layer and Supporting Layer Techniques for the Fabrication of Ultra-Thin Free-Standing PEDOT:PSS Nanosheets
Authors: Greco Francesco , Zucca Alessandra , Taccola Silvia , Menciassi Arianna , Dario Paolo , Mattoli Virgilio 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAim of this work was to realize free-standing conductive nanofilms having very large surface area with typical nano-scale thickness (40-120 nm) by modifying existing approaches for nanostructured thin films assembly. We tested and optimized two different fabrication methods for the obtainment of free-standing conductive ultra-thin nanosheets based on the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Supporting Layer and Sacrificial Layer techniques permitted the obtainment of single layer nanofilms that can be released in water and of LbL multilayer nanosheets (PEDOT:PSS/Polyelectrolytes) that can be released in acetone, respectively. Here we describe the details of both the proposed fabrication methods and compare the properties of the realized nanosheets in terms of thickness, contact angle and conductivity. Interestingly, the realized free-standing nanosheets, despite their low thickness, are very robust and compliant while maintaining their structure and functionality. Possible applications are foreseen in the field of sensing and actuation, as well as in the biomedical field, e.g. as smart conductive substrates for cell culturing and stimulation.
Creating Superhydrophobic Polycarbonate Fiber Network from Hydrophilic Polycarbonate through Electrospinning
Authors: Li Shuangwu , Barber Asa H. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTConsiderable research has focused on the formation of superhydrophobic surfaces utilizing both the chemical composition of surfaces and geometric effects. In this study, a superhydrophobic polycarbonate (PC) network surface was produced from hydrophilic polycarbonate through electrospinning process. Complex surface geometries often related to material roughness is used to evaluate the wetting behavior of electrospun polycarbonate fiber network. The surface properties of electrospun polycarbonate fibers are therefore examined with the potential to exploit the fibers through enhancing hydrophobic behavior. Characterization and analysis of PC electrospun fiber and PC film surfaces were carried out to compare surface roughness with wetting contact angle. Analytical models are used to describe hydrophobicity in terms of roughness.
Données récentes sur le Paléolithique moyen de l'Aisne : une occupation du Weichselien ancien à Courmelles
Authors: Sellier Nathalie , Coutard Sylvie 
Published: February 2012

Courmelles (Département Aisne) liegt in den Lössschichten im östlichen Teil der großen eurasischen Platte. Es zeichnet sich durch seine paläolithische Station in Plateaulage aus. Die Fundschicht aus dem jüngeren Mittelpaläolithikum wurde innerhalb der Ablagerungen der beginnenden letzten Eiszeit (Weichself ruhglazial) identifiziert. Die Steinartefakte aus Quarzit-Sandstein wurden im oberen Teil eines ausgewaschenen, grauen Waldbodens gefunden, was die paläolithische Station in das Isotopenstadium 5a, d.h. zwischen 85 und 75 Ka BP ansetzt. Von dem Levallois-Abschlagmaterial zeugen einige Grundformen und zwei Levallois-Spitzen. Dennoch ist das Fundmaterial nicht repràsentativ genug, um den Fundplatz technologisch einzuordnen.
Die paläolithische Besiedlung von Courmelles trägt zum Verständnis der Fundstätten des Weichselfruhglazials bei und stellt ein erstes Bezugssystem in der Ausarbeitung einer chronostratigraphischen Sequenz im Departement Aisne dar.
Tooth‐Inspired Nanocomposites
Authors: Moradian‐Oldak Janet , Fan Yuwei 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionBiologically Formed NanocompositesNanocomposite SynthesisEnamelEnamel Hierarchical StructureMolecular Mechanisms in Amelogenesis (Enamel Formation)AmelogeninOther Enamel ProteinsSynthesis of Enamel‐Like Organized Apatite CrystalsAmelogenin‐Based NanocompositesControlled Crystallization of Apatite by AmelogeninBiomimetic Coatings Using Simulated Body FluidAmelogenin‐Apatite Coatings Using Electrodeposition (ELD)Bioinspired Remineralization of EnamelDentinTypes of DentinDentin Hierarchical StructureMolecular Mechanisms in Dentinogenesis (Dentin Formation)CollagenNoncollagenous Extracellular Matrix ProteinsCollagen–Calcium Phosphate NanocompositesBiomimetic Collagen Mineralization UsingSBFBioinspired Mineralization of CollagenCollagen‐Apatite Coating in ModifiedSBFCollagen‐Apatite Coating by ElectrodepositionDentin RemineralizationSummary and Future PerspectiveAcknowledgmentsAbbreviations
Nature‐Inspired Molecular Machines
Authors: Lawit Aitan , Juluri Bala Krishna , Huang Tony Jun 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Biological Molecular Machines

Kinesin and Myosin

ATPase

DNA

Biomimetic Molecular Machines

Rotaxanes, Catenanes, and Pseudorotaxanes

Nanocars

Polyelectrolyte Brushes

Light‐Driven Molecular Motors

Conclusions

Future Perspective
Biomimetic and Bioinspired Self‐Assembled Peptide Nanostructures
Authors: Pampaloni Francesco , Masotti Andrea 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe most impressing aspect of many biological nanostructures is that they easily self‐assemblein vitro. This is true even for complex and beautiful architectures, such as viruses, cell microtubules, and collagen fibers. Understanding and categorizing the rules of spontaneous biological self‐assembly is extremely important for the advancement of nanobiotechnology. We provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent advances in the design, synthesis, and application of biomimetic building blocks with biological functionalities, which are obtained by chemical functionalization as well as genetic engineering of natural peptides. We also review novel applications of virus and microtubules both as building blocks and as templates in biomimetic nanomaterials.
Biomimetic Nanosensors and Nanoactuators
Authors: Shahinpoor Mohsen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis chapter describes the recent advances made in connection with biomimetic distributed nanosensors and nanoactuators (BNNs) made from nanocomposites of ion‐containing polymers, polyelectrolytes and conductive materials and networks. Details of the fundamental properties and characteristics of BNNs are provided, together with descriptions of the basic molecular structures of the materials and subsequent procedures to manufacture materials for electroless molecular plating. A phenomenological model of the underlying sensing and actuation mechanisms is also presented, based on linear irreversible thermodynamics with two driving forces, an electric field and a solvent pressure gradient and two fluxes, electric current density and the ionic + solvent flux.
Biomimetic Approaches to Self‐Assembly of Nanomaterials
Authors: Aili Daniel , Liedberg Bo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionSelf‐AssemblyPolypeptide‐Based NanomaterialsDe Novo‐Designed Helix Loop Helix PolypeptidesPolypeptides with Controllable Folding PropertiesPolypeptide Scaffolds for Protein RecognitionPolypeptide‐Based NanofibersBiomolecular Fibers for the Assembly of NanowiresSelf‐Assembly of Hybrid NanomaterialsGold NanoparticlesSynthesis of Gold NanoparticlesOptical Properties of Gold NanoparticlesSurface‐Functionalization of Gold NanoparticlesBiomimetic Self‐Assembly of Gold NanoparticlesNanoparticle Assembly in BiodiagnosticsConclusions and OutlookAcknowledgmentsAbbreviations
Nanoscale Deformation Mechanisms in Biological Tissues
Authors: Gupta Himadri S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionApproaches to Investigating Nanoscale Deformation of BiocompositesWhole‐System (Macroscopic) Mechanical TestingMultiscale Deformation and Structural Probes (In‐SituMethods)Deformation of Individual Molecules and FibrilsModeling andAb‐InitioSimulationNanoscale Deformation Mechanisms in Mineralized TissuesMineralized Collagen Composites: Bone, Antler, and Mineralized TendonBoneDeer AntlerMineralized TendonAnisotropy of the Nanoscale ResponseNanoindentationModeling of Nanostructural DeformationContinuum Micromechanical ModelingAb‐Initio ModelingDeformation in Hypermineralized Systems: Enamel and Abalone NacreDental EnamelAbalone NacreDeformation Mechanisms in Soft Collagenous Tissues: Tendons, Ligaments, and CartilageMechanics of the All‐Organic Nanocomposite of the Wood Cell WallThe Velcro Model of Wood Cell DeformationLow‐Microfibril Angle Wood Tissue and CelluloseSummary and OutlookCommonalities Across SystemsFuture Perspectives and OutlookAcknowledgments
Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites
Authors: Arora Hans , Doty Caroline , Yuan Ye , Boyle John , Petras Katarina , Rabatic Bryan , Paunesku Tatjana , Woloschak Gayle 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionPhotocatalysis by TiO2Nanoparticles, Nanocomposites and Nanoconjugates for Chemical Degradation and Antimicrobial ActivityMethods for Evaluating PhotocatalysisDifferent Types of TiO2NanocompositesModifying TiO2with Charge‐Transfer CatalystsCoating with Photosensitizing DyesNoble Metal Deposition or CouplingDoping and GraftingCoupling with Semiconductors, Blending with Metal OxidesModifying with Polymers or ClaysAntimicrobial Uses of NanocompositesAntimicrobial Nanocomposites with Noble Metal DepositionAntimicrobial Doped and Grafted NanocompositesModifying with PolymersCreation of Magnetic NanocompositesUse of TiO2Nanoparticles, Nanocomposites, and Nanoconjugates for Phosphopeptide Enrichment from Biological MaterialsIn VitroUptake and Effects of Nanoscale TiO2and Nanocomposites in CellsUptake of TiO2NanomaterialsIntracellular Localization of TiO2NanomaterialsIntracellular Interactions of TiO2NanomaterialsPhotocatalytic Uses of TiO2Nanomaterials to InduceDNACleavage and CytotoxicityUse of Titania Oxide and Its Composites for Implants and Tissue EngineeringOsseointegrationImplantation MethodsOsteoblast AdhesionModification of Surface ChemistryArtificial Bone Substitute MaterialsToxicology Studies of TiO2Nanomaterials in AnimalsInhalation and Intratracheal InstillationIntratracheal InstillationInhalationDermal ExposureIngestion and Oral LavageIntravenous InjectionIntraperitoneal InjectionSubcutaneous AdministrationConclusions
Silver Nanocomposites and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Travan Andrea , Marsich Eleonora , Donati Ivan , Paoletti Sergio 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroduction to Silver NanocompositesPreparation and Characterization of Silver NanocompositesPreparation TechniquesCharacterization TechniquesBiomedical ApplicationsSilver Nanocomposites for Biocidal Applications (Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Antifungal)General ConsiderationsOverview ofin vitroResultsEffects of Nanoparticles Properties and Role of the MatrixAntimicrobial MechanismSilver Nanocomposites in Wound HealingSilver Nanocomposites and InflammationSilver Nanocomposites for Applications in Biological Sensing and Nanoscale PhotonicsBiological Hazards of Silver NanocompositesPerspectives
Design and Applications of Genetically Engineered Nanocomposites
Authors: Abbineni Gopal , Mao Chuanbin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionGenetically Modifiable Biomacromolecules for the Design of Genetically Engineered NanocompositesBacteriophage as a Bacteria‐Specific VirusBacterial Flagella as Genetically Modifiable Protein NanotubesNanocomposites Built from Genetically Engineered BiomacromoleculesOne‐Dimensional Nanocomposites Templated by Filamentous BiotemplatesInorganic Nanomaterials on Genetically Engineered BiotemplatesOrganic Nanomaterials on Genetically Engineered BiotemplatesThree‐Dimensional Assembly of Genetically Engineered Biomacromolecules and NanomaterialsLayer‐by‐Layer Assembly into 3‐DStructuresSolvent‐Assisted Capillary Molding into 3‐DAssembliesGenetically Engineered Nanocomposite FilmsApplications of Genetically Engineered NanocompositesEngineered Nanocomposites for Device ApplicationsEngineered Nanocomposites for Medical ApplicationsEngineered Nanoconstructs for Sensing ApplicationsSummary and OutlookAcknowledgments
Multifunctional Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Haam Seungjoo , Lee Kwangyeol , Yang Jaemoon , Huh Yong‐Min 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionAnatomy of Multifunctional NanocompositesThe Biomedical PayloadThe CarrierThe Biological Surface ModifierTypes of Nanomaterial MultifunctionalityMultimodal ImagingMulticolor Optical CodingOptical/T1MRBimodal Image ProbesOptical/T2MRBimodal Image ProbesTheragnostics: Simultaneous Diagnosis and TherapyOptical Imaging/TherapyMRImaging/TherapyOptical Coherence Tomography Imaging/TherapyCombination TherapyTherapeutic Antibodies/Chemotherapeutic DrugsCombinations of Different Chemotherapeutic DrugsCombinations of Chemotherapeutic Drugs and GenesPhotothermal or Photodynamic Agents with Chemotherapeutic DrugsActivatable Smart NanocompositesTemperature‐Responsive NanocompositespH‐Responsive NanocompositesEnzyme‐Responsive NanocompositesReactive Oxygen Species‐Responsive NanocompositesConclusions and OutlookAcknowledgments
Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Katti Kalpana S. , Katti Dinesh R. , Ambre Avinash H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionTissue Engineering ScaffoldsMaterialsHydroxyapatiteSilicatesCarbon NanotubesBioactive GlassPolymersNatural PolymersSynthetic PolymersProcessing Methods/Routes for Nanocomposites in Bone Tissue EngineeringElectrospinningPhase SeparationFreeze‐DryingParticulate LeachingSelf‐AssemblyBiocompatibilityCounting Cell DensitiesSpectroscopic TechniquesBioactvityEngineering the Bone–Cartilage/Bone–Ligament InterfaceInterfacial Interactions in Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue EngineeringFourier Transform‐Infrared (FT‐IR) SpectroscopyAtomic Force MicroscopyModeling and Simulation StudiesSummary and Conclusions
Nanocomposites for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Gelinsky Michael , Heinemann Sascha 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionRequirements for Successful Tissue EngineeringComposites and NanocompositesCompositesNanocompositesHybridsBiological NanocompositesBoneBiological Nanocomposites as ScaffoldsOrganic–Organic NanocompositesInorganic–Inorganic NanocompositesOrganic–Inorganic CompositesMineralized Collagen: Nanocomposites that Mimic theECMof BoneSilica‐Based Nanocomposites for Tissue EngineeringOrganic–Inorganic Nanocomposites Containing FibersNanocomposites Containing Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)Summary and Outlook