bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of salted and discharged globules of hydrophobic polyelectrolytes adsorbed from aqueous solutions
Authors: Trotsenko Oleksandr , Roiter Yuri , Minko Sergiy 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this article, we compare structures of protonated poly(2‐vinylpyridine) globules (2D compact coils on the surface) adsorbed on the mica surface from aqueous solution when the shrinking is brought about either by discharging the molecules at an elevated pH or by adding monovalent and polyvalent salts. We study the structure of the PE coils using in situ atomic force microscopy experiments in aqueous solutions in a liquid cell. The abrupt coil‐to‐globule transition caused by pH changes and the discharge of polymer chains resulted in compact globules. If the pH corresponding to extended coil conformation remains unchanged, the coil shrinks due to the added salt. The size of the globule in the latter case corresponds to the unperturbed dimension of the polymer coil. There is no essential difference in the dimensions of the globules as obtained in the presence of monovalent and multivalent counterions for the studied ionic strength. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1623–1627, 2010
Diet and prostate cancer risk with specific focus on dairy products and dietary calcium: A case–control study
Authors: Raimondi Sara , Mabrouk Jihène Ben , Shatenstein Bryna , Maisonneuve Patrick , Ghadirian Parviz 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite the prevalence of prostate cancer worldwide, only a few risk factors have been well‐established. The role of diet, especially of dairy products, in the etiology of prostate cancer is still controversial.METHODSThis study assessed the association of dietary components, particularly dairy products and dietary calcium, on prostate cancer risk in a case–control study of 197 cases and an equal number of individually matched controls recruited in Montreal, Canada. A semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered in which the usual consumption frequency and amounts consumed of more than 200 food items were recorded.RESULTSWe found a twofold increased risk of prostate cancer associated with an increased intake of dairy products {Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.19; 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) 1.22–3.94}. A significant trend of decreasing prostate cancer risk with higher intake was found for legumes, nuts, finfish/shellfish and for α‐tocopherol after adjustment for calcium intake. Milk was the only dairy product significantly associated with prostate cancer risk, with OR = 2.27; 95% CI (1.25–4.09) for the highest versus lowest quartiles of consumption. Calcium, the main micronutrient contained in dairy products, showed only a borderline association with prostate cancer risk (P = 0.09), with slightly higher risk for higher calcium intake. In conclusion, this study supports the hypothesis that dairy products, especially milk, are involved in the etiology of prostate cancer. However, the mechanisms by which the various nutrients in dairy products and total diet may interact to influence this risk remain unknown. Prostate 70: 1054–1065, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface water seal application to minimize volatilization loss of methyl isothiocyanate from soil columns
Authors: Simpson Catherine R , Nelson Shad D , Stratmann Jerry E , Ajwa Husein A 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Metam‐sodium (MS, sodium methyldithiocarbamate) has been identified as a promising alternative chemical to replace methyl bromide (MeBr) in soil preplant fumigation. One degradation product of MS in soil is the volatile gas methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) which controls soilborne pests. Inconsistent results associated with MS usage indicate that there is a need to determine cultural practices that increase pest control efficacy. Sealing the soil surface with water after MS application may be a sound method to reduce volatilization loss of MITC from soils and increase the contact time necessary for MITC to control pests. The objective of this research was to develop a preliminary soil surface water application amount that would potentially inhibit the off‐gassing rate of MITC.RESULTS: Off‐gassing rate was consistently reduced with increasing water seal application. The application of a 2.5–3.8 cm water seal provided significantly lower (71–74% reduction in MITC volatilization) total fumigant loss compared with no water seal. The most favorable reduction in MITC off‐gassing was observed in the 2.5 cm water seal.CONCLUSION: This suggests that volatilization of MITC‐generating compounds can be highly suppressed using adequate surface irrigation following chemical application in this soil type (sandy clay loam), based on preliminary bench‐scale soil column studies. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of cultural conditions on fungal biomass, blastospore yields and toxicity of fungal secreted proteins in batch cultures of Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)
Authors: Ortiz‐Urquiza Almudena , Garrido‐Jurado Inmaculada , Borrego Ana , Quesada‐Moraga Enrique 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Recently, two fungal proteins with apparent molecular masses of 11 and 15 kDa and insecticidal activity against Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) have been purified from the crude soluble protein extract (CSPE) secreted by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin (strain EAMa 01/58‐Su) in Adamek's liquid medium. The feasibility of culturing this strain in fermentation facilities in order to harvest and formulate the insecticidal proteins for C. capitata control is mainly dependent on the ability to produce high concentrations of the active proteins at a reasonable cost.RESULTS: These studies report that, in batch cultures of EAMa 01/58‐Su strain, the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) ratios and sources are important considerations with respect to fungal biomass production, blastospore yield and secretion of insecticidal proteins against C. capitata adults. The data indicate that the type and concentration of N source in the medium influence the production of insecticidal protein and thus the toxicity of the CSPEs. The electrophoretic analysis suggests that the monomer of 11 kDa plays an important role in the insecticidal effect described. Concerning biomass production, no clear differences were found between media with different C and N sources and C:N ratios in total biomass production at day 7. Conversely, important differences were found among the media in terms of blastospore yields.CONCLUSIONS: By optimising the culture media, the insecticidal effect of the CSPE against C. capitata can be improved. In the CSPE from G40:P20 (40 g L−1 glucose and 20 g L−1 peptone in dH2O), the LC50 and the LT50 were 7 and 4.5 times lower than in the CSPE obtained from Adamek. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessing the risk of pesticide environmental impact in several Argentinian cropping systems with a fuzzy expert indicator
Authors: Arregui María C , Sánchez Daniel , Althaus Rafael , Scotta Roberto R , Bertolaccini Isabel 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The introduction of transgenic soybean (Glycine max, L.) varieties resistant to glyphosate (GR soybeans) has rapidly expanded in Argentina, increasing pesticide use where only grasslands were previously cultivated. The authors compared an estimate of environmental risk for different crops and active ingredients using the IPEST index, which is based on a fuzzy‐logic expert system. For IPEST calculations, four modules are defined, one reflecting the rate of application, the other three reflecting the risk for groundwater, surface water and air. The input variables are pesticide properties, site‐specific conditions and characteristics of the pesticide application. The expert system calculates the value of modules according to the degree of membership of the input variables to the fuzzy subsets F (favourable) and U (unfavourable), and they can be aggregated following sets of decision rules. IPEST integrated values of ≥ 7 reflect low environmental risk, and values of < 7 reflect high risk.RESULTS:Alfalfa, soybean and wheat showed IPEST values over 7 (low risk), while maize had the lowest IPEST values (high risk). Comparing active ingredients applied in annual and perennial crops, atrazine and acetochlor gave the highest risks of environmental contamination, and they are mainly used in maize. Groundwater was the most affected compartment.CONCLUSIONS:Fuzzy logic provided an easy tool combining different environmental components with pesticide properties to give a simple and accessible risk assessment. These findings provide information about active ingredients that should be replaced in order to protect water and air from pesticide contamination. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Mating disruption of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii Maskell (Homoptera: Diaspididae), using biodegradable mesoporous pheromone dispensers
Authors: Vacas Sandra , Alfaro Cristina , Navarro‐Llopis Vicente , Primo Jaime 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The control of California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), has encountered many difficulties, which has raised interest in alternative control methods. Up to now, the A. aurantii sex pheromone has been used only for monitoring. In a previous work the authors described a biodegradable mesoporous pheromone dispenser for mating disruption. To verify the efficacy of these dispensers, three field trials were conducted, and the results are shown in this paper.RESULTS: The study of the release profile of these dispensers revealed a mean pheromone emission value of 269 µg day−1 and levels of residual pheromone of 10% at the end of 250 days. During the second flight, an A. aurantii male catch reduction of 98% was achieved in the mating disruption plot of trial 1, 93.5% in trial 2 and 76.7% in trial 3. During the third flight, reductions were 94.1, 82.9 and 68.1% in trials 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Considering damaged fruit with more than five scales, reductions of about 80 and 60% were obtained in the mating disruption plots of trials 2 and 3, respectively, compared with an untreated plot, and a reduction of about 70% in trial 1 compared with an oil‐treated plot.CONCLUSION: Mating disruption has been found to be an efficient technique to control this pest, working equally well to a correctly sprayed oil treatment. Further studies are needed to improve the determination of the time of dispenser application and evaluate the effects of the pheromone on natural enemies. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Responses of striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), from Taiwan to a range of insecticides
Authors: Cheng Xuan , Chang Cheng , Dai Shu‐Mei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Information on the insecticide susceptibility of striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is essential for an effective pest management programme. An early detection of resistance development can prompt the modification of current control methods and increase the lifespan of insecticides through the rotation of chemicals with different modes of action. In this study, the susceptibility of this pest in Taiwan to four classes of insecticides has been examined.RESULTS: Over 1000‐fold resistance to carbofuran was detected in C. suppressalis collected from Chiayi and Changhua prefectures, with estimated LC50 values of > 3 mg cm−2. In addition, 61‐fold resistance to cartap was found in the Chiayi population. On the other hand, all tested populations of rice stem borer were still relatively susceptible to chlorpyrifos, fipronil and permethrin, with LC50 values ranging from 30 to 553 ng cm−2. Chilo suppressalis populations collected from the central parts of Taiwan have a higher degree of resistance to the tested insecticides than those from northern areas.CONCLUSION: The occurrence of high resistance to carbofuran in the Chiayi and Changhua areas suggests that this compound should be replaced with chemicals having a different mode of action, such as chlorpyrifos, fipronil and permethrin, to which low cross‐resistance has been detected. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Nanoscale piezoresponse of 70 nm poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoro‐ethylene) films annealed at different temperatures
Authors: Choi Yoon‐Young , Hong Jongin , Hong Seungbum , Song Hanwook , Cheong Deok‐Soo , No Kwangsoo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn order to characterize the piezoelectric properties of 70 nm thick poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene), P(VDF‐TrFE), films grown by a spin‐coating technique, both nanoscale manipulation and polarization switching were studied using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). We varied the annealing temperature from 75 °C to 145 °C and achieved a high‐quality 70 nm P(VDF‐TrFE) film annealed at the temperature of 95 °C. Ferroelectric domains and their properties were confirmed using X‐ray diffraction, grazing incidence reflection absorption Fourier Transform Infrared (GIRA‐FTIR) and PFM analysis. The ferroelectric domains in the film were homogeneously switchable below 5 V with a remnant d33 of 14.9 pm/V. This offers our rationale for a promise in energy harvesting and switchability would be good for plastic electronics. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Academic burnout profiles in Korean adolescents
Authors: Lee Jayoung , Puig Ana , Kim Young‐Bin , Shin Hyojung , Lee Ji Hee , Lee Sang Min 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to identify specific burnout patterns among Korean students. Using a cluster analysis procedure and the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Student Survey, four clusters were identified: (1) distressed group; (2) laissez‐faire group; (3) persevering group; and (4) well‐functioning group. In addition, the results of categorical regression analysis indicated that self‐esteem and Grade Point Average (GPA) were good discriminators between the four clusters. Specifically, students who self‐identified as not experiencing burnout (well‐functioning group) were found to have the highest scores on GPA and positive self‐esteem. Practical implications for educators are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Umsetzung der Agenda 21 auf kommunaler Ebene
Authors: Masberg Imme 
Published: March 2010

Die Konferenz für Umwelt und Entwicklung 1992 in Rio beschloß die Agenda 21. Sie zeigt Lösungswege für die drängenden Umwelt- und Entwicklungsprobleme und ihre Abhängigkeiten auf. Vor allem Kommunen sind aufgerufen, nachhaltige Strukturen und — im Dialog mit der Bürgerschaft-nachhaltige Lebensformen zu entwickeln. Der folgende Beitrag zeigt auf, wie Kommunen auf die Forderungen der Agenda 21 reagieren, welche Mittel und Wege sie einschlagen, um eine „lokale Agenda” aufzubauen, und welche Probleme sich ihnen in den Weg stellen.
Dem umfassenden Anspruch der Agenda 21 können die Kommunen (bisher) nicht gerecht werden. Einzelprojekten und Veranstaltungen fehlt die Vernetzung und das Dach eines Gesamtkonzeptes. Um eine lokale Agenda zu entwickeln und die Bürgerschaft darin glaubwürdig einzubeziehen, müssen langfristige Perspektiven und Ziele verfolgt und transparente Vorgehensweisen eingeschlagen werden.
Elucidating the Power in Empowerment and the Participation in Participatory Action Research: A Story About Research Team and Elementary School Change
Authors: Dworski-Riggs Deanne , Langhout Regina Day 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCommunity psychologists are increasingly using Participatory Action Research (PAR) as a way to promote social justice by creating conditions that foster empowerment. Yet, little attention has been paid to the differences between the power structure that PAR advocates and the local community power structures. This paper seeks to evaluate the level of participation in a PAR project for multiple stakeholder groups, determine how PAR was adjusted to better fit community norms, and whether our research team was able to facilitate the emergence of PAR by adopting an approach that was relevant to the existing power relations. We conclude that power differences should not be seen as roadblocks to participation, but rather as moments of opportunity for the researchers to refine their methods and for the community and the community psychologist to challenge existing power structures.
Engagement in After‐School Programs as a Predictor of Social Competence and Academic Performance
Authors: Shernoff David J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUsing the experience sampling method, this study examined two questions related to outcomes associated with after‐school programming. First, does the quality of experience in after‐school programs mediate the effect of program participation on social competence and academic performance? Second, among program participants, is the difference in quality of experience when in programs versus other settings after school related to higher social competence and academic performance? Middle school students (N= 196) attending eight programs in three Midwestern states reported a total of 4,970 randomly sampled experiences in and out of after‐school programs during 1 week in the fall and spring of the 2001–2002 academic year. Engagement during after‐school hours partially mediated the relationship between participation in after‐school programs and social competence. In addition, relative perceptions of engagement, challenge, and importance when in after‐school programs compared to elsewhere after school predicted higher English and math grades. Results suggest that the quality of experiences in after‐school programs may be a more important factor than quantity of experiences (i.e., dosage) in predicting positive academic outcomes.
Changes in Lipid Class and Fatty Acid Composition of Cultures of Pavlova lutheri, in Response to Light Intensity
Authors: Guedes A. Catarina , Meireles Luís A. , Amaro Helena M. , Malcata F. Xavier 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAquaculture is a growing commercial activity worldwide, which resorts more and more often to microalgae as feed; the lipid composition of such microalgae is a critical factor with regard to the fish growth rate upon ingestion. The aim of this work was thus to study the influence of light intensity on the lipid profile of a known microalga, Pavlova lutheri. Several semi‐continuous cultures were carried out, and biochemical parameters such as lipid, protein, carbohydrate, and chlorophyll contents were quantified. Lipids were specifically fractionated into classes by TLC, and those in each class were subjected to GC afterwards in an attempt to ascertain their fatty acid profile. Evidence was consequently provided which showed that cultures grown under low light intensity (9 W m−2) possess a higher fraction of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids esterified in polar classes—which are those with a more favorable role in aquaculture. It was also demonstrated that intermediate levels of light intensity (19 W m−2) may be misleading in terms of favorable effects upon EPA and DHA contents—because there is an increase in their total yields and productivities, but they appear mostly esterified into triacylglycerols; this may be a favorable deed for production and purification, but is metabolically not so effective in aquaculture. The highest EPA and DHA productivities attained were 1.29 and 0.69 mg L−1 day−1, respectively, at intermediate levels of light intensity (19 W m−2).
Somatosensory function in patients with and without pain after traumatic peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Landerholm Åsa H , Ekblom Anna Gerber , Hansson Per T 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWhy traumatic injuries to the peripheral nervous system infrequently result in neuropathic pain is still unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the somatosensory system in patients with traumatic peripheral nerve injury with and without pain to try to unravel possible links to mechanisms underlying development and maintenance of pain. Eighteen patients with spontaneous ongoing pain and 16 patients without pain after unilateral partial peripheral traumatic nerve injury were studied. In the area of partial denervation and in the corresponding contralateral area perception thresholds to warmth, cold, light touch, pressure pain, cold‐ and heat pain were assessed as were pain intensities at suprathreshold heat pain stimulation. Comparing sides patients with pain reported allodynia to cold (p= 0.03) and pressure (p= 0.016) in conjunction with an increase in the perception threshold to non‐painful warmth (p= 0.024) on the injured side. Pain‐free patients reported hypoesthesia to light touch (p= 0.002), cold (p= 0.039) and warmth (p= 0.001) on the injured side. There were no side differences in stimulus–response functions using painful heat stimuli in any of the groups. In addition, no significant difference could be demonstrated in any sensory modality comparing side‐to‐side differences between the two groups. In conclusion, increased pain sensitivity to cold and pressure was found on the injured side in pain patients, pointing to hyperexcitability in the pain system, a finding not verified by a more challenging analysis of side‐to‐side differences between patients with and without pain.
Relative subgroups in Chevalley groups
Authors: Hazrat R. , Petrov V. , Vavilov N. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe finish the proof of the main structure theorems for a Chevalley group G(Φ, R) of rank ≥ 2 over an arbitrary commutative ring R. Namely, we prove that for any admissible pair (A, B) in the sense of Abe, the corresponding relative elementary group E(Φ,R, A, B) and the full congruence subgroup C(Φ, R, A, B) are normal in G(Φ, R) itself, and not just normalised by the elementary group E(Φ, R) and that [E (Φ, R), C(Φ, R, A, B)] = E, (Φ, R, A, B). For the case Φ = F4 these results are new. The proof is new also for other cases, since we explicitly define C (Φ, R, A, B) by congruences in the adjoint representation of G (Φ, R) and give several equivalent characterisations of that group and use these characterisations in our proof.
Differential expression analysis for sequence count data
Authors: Anders Simon , Huber Wolfgang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMotivation: High throughput nucleotide sequencing provides quantitative readouts in assays for RNA expression (RNA-Seq), protein-DNA binding (ChIP-Seq), cell counting. Statistical inference of differential signal in these data needs to take into account their natural variability throughout the dynamic range. When the number of replicates is small, error modeling is needed to achieve statistical power. Results: We propose an error model that uses the negative binomial distribution, with variance and mean linked by local regression, to model the null distribution of the count data. The method controls type-I error and provides good detection power.Availability: A free open-source R/Biondonductor software package, called "DESeq", is available from "http://www-huber.embl.de/users/anders/DESeq":http://www-huber.embl.de/users/anders/DESeq
The Many Things Language Sample Analysis Has Taught Me
Authors: Schuele C. Melanie 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAlthough language sample analysis (LSA) has long been advocated as an important clinical tool, it is a time-consuming task. The time-consuming nature of LSA can reduce the likelihood of routine and extensive use of LSA in clinical practice. The purpose of this article is to advocate for routine and extensive use of LSA through consideration of lessons learned by one speech-language pathologist in her experience with LSA in clinical and research activities.