bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the suitability of fused deposition modeling to produce acrylic removable denture bases
Authors: Alanazi Khalid K. , Wood Duncan , Shepherd Joanna , Stokes Christopher W. , Asencio Ilida Ortega 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo study the feasibility of using poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) filament and fused deposition modeling (FDM) to manufacture denture bases via the development of a study that considers both conventional and additive‐based manufacturing techniques.Materials and MethodsFive sample groups were compared: heat and cold cured acrylic resins, CAD/CAM milled PMMA, 3D‐printed PMMA (via FDM), and 3D‐printed methacrylate resin (via stereolithography, SLA). All groups were subjected to mechanical testing (flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness), water sorption and solubility tests, a tooth bonding test, microbiological assessment, and accuracy of fit measurements. The performance of sample groups was referred to ISO 20795‐1 and ISO/TS 19736. The data was analyzed using one‐way ANOVA.ResultsSamples manufactured using FDM performed within ISO specifications for mechanical testing, water sorption, and solubility tests. However, the FDM group failed to achieve the ISO requirements for the tooth bonding test. FDM samples presented a rough surface finish which could ultimately encourage an undesirable high level of microbial adhesion. For accuracy of fit, FDM samples showed a lower degree of accuracy than existing materials.ConclusionsAlthough FDM samples were a cost‐effective option and were able to be quickly manufactured in a reproducible manner, the results demonstrated that current recommended testing regimes for conventionally manufactured denture‐based polymers are not directly applicable to additive‐manufactured denture base polymers. Therefore, new standards should be developed to ensure the correct implementation of additive manufacturing techniques within denture‐based fabrication workflow.
Frequency of apical periodontitis in root‐filled teeth restored with post and core: A 5‐year retrospective study
Authors: Johansson Louise , Sjögren Jakob Jonsson , Wirén Anders , Eliasson Alf , Frisk Fredrik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn conjunction with post placement in root‐filled teeth with periapical healthy conditions, root canal retreatment may be performed to improve the seal of the root canal. Whether root canal retreatment for technical reasons (retreatments in teeth without apical periodontitis (AP)) results in lower frequency of AP is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine whether there is a difference in frequency of AP between roots with root canals retreated for technical reasons, and roots with root canals not retreated before post placement, with a minimum follow‐up of 5 years. Also, to examine changes in root filling quality following root canal retreatment for technical reasons.MethodsThis retrospective study included radiographs of 441 root‐filled roots without periapical radiolucencies at baseline, scheduled for post and core treatment. Follow‐up data for a minimum of 5 years were available for 305 roots (loss to follow‐up 30.8%), 46 of which were retreated for technical reasons. Two calibrated observers assessed root filling sealing quality and length, respectively, and periapical status according to the Periapical Index. The main outcome of the study, AP, was used as the dependent variable and all analyses were performed at root level.ResultsThe overall frequency of AP at follow‐up was 13.8%. The difference in frequency of AP between retreated (4.3%) and nonretreated (15.4%) root canals was not statistically significant, p = .061. Analyses including only roots with preoperatively inadequate root filling quality showed a statistically significant difference (p = .017) between the two treatment groups (2.4% vs. 22.9%).ConclusionsRoot canal retreatment for technical reasons before post and core placement significantly reduces the frequency of AP in roots with inadequate root filling quality.
Comparative effects of glazing versus polishing on mechanical, optical, and surface properties of zirconia ceramics with different translucencies
Authors: Jamali Maryam , Ezoji Fariba , Esmaeili Behnaz , Khafri Soraya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study compared the effects of glazing versus polishing on mechanical, optical, and surface properties of zirconia ceramics with different translucencies.Materials and MethodsIn this in vitro study, 120 bar‐shaped specimens (25 × 4 × 1.2 mm) were fabricated from three different types of zirconia with different translucencies (n = 40, DD Bio ZW, ZX2, and Cube X2). After sintering, each zirconia group was randomly divided into five subgroups of control (glazing), glazing + bur abrasion, glazing + bur abrasion + polishing with EVE Diacera® kit, glazing + bur abrasion + reglazing, and glazing + bur abrasion + polishing with EVE Diacera® kit + reglazing. The specimens underwent surface roughness, hardness, flexural strength, and translucency tests, as well as X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for assessment of surface topography. Data were analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance, Tukey test, and Pearson test (α = .05).ResultsFlexural strength, surface hardness, and translucency were significantly correlated with zirconia type. ZW zirconia had significantly higher flexural strength and surface hardness and significantly lower translucency than Cube X2 and ZX2 (p < .001). Surface roughness had no significant correlation with zirconia type (p = .274). Polishing created the smoothest, and bur abrasion created the roughest surface (p < .001). Flexural strength and hardness in most experimental groups were significantly lower than in the control group (p < .001). Translucency was not significantly different in bur abrasion and polishing groups, compared with the control group; however, reglazing significantly increased the translucency (p < .001). SEM micrographs confirmed the surface roughness results. XRD showed monoclinic phase only in reglazed groups.ConclusionOf different surface treatments, polishing improved the surface properties and caused the smallest change in mechanical properties of zirconia with different translucencies.
Effect of mandatory sustainability performance disclosures on firm value: Evidence from listed European firms
Authors: Vishnu Nampoothiri Madhavan , Entrop Oliver , Annamalai Thillai Rajan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCorporate Sustainability Performance (CSP) reporting is becoming increasingly important to investors who seek to identify and invest in companies that are managing their Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) risks effectively. The European Union's Non‐Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD), which was implemented in 2017, mandates that certain large companies must disclose their sustainability performance. This study examines the impact of the EU NFRD on the firm value of listed European firms using a difference‐in‐differences regression model. We find that the mandatory disclosure of corporate sustainability performance does not significantly affect firm value at an aggregate level. However, the results suggest minor inter‐industry differences, which can be attributed to varying sustainability performance metrics across industries. These findings contribute not only to the nascent literature on mandatory sustainability disclosures but also to the deliberations of policymakers and regulators across the world who are devising and implementing mandatory corporate sustainability performance disclosure regulations.
Upcycling Humins via Esterification Reactions of Hydroxyl Groups: From Functional Powders to PLA Foams and Compatibilized Blends
Authors: Kandemir Dilhan , Van Puyvelde Peter , Ginzburg Anton 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe valorization of humins side streams from bio‐refineries holds significant economic and sustainability potential. One plausible strategy involves using them as building blocks to create new materials. However, humins pose conceptual challenges in their natural state due to their high viscosity, processing difficulties, and temperature sensitivity. This article presents a synthetic strategy for modifying humins properties to make them thermally stable and processable. Employing a sequence of esterification reactions and varying the reagent steric length, we showcase the selective transformation of humins into thermally‐stable fine powders and low‐viscosity liquids. We extend this approach by reacting humins with polyesters such as polylactic acids and polycaprolactone. In particular, we detail a one‐pot single‐step synthesis of micro‐phase separated compatibilized blends of polylactic acid and humins capped with the polylactic acid arms. Processed via solution‐casting, the obtained materials behave as high‐strength thermoplastic elastomers having uniform foam morphologies and material characteristics superior to the pure polylactic acid. By varying the content of D‐enantiomers, we demonstrate an additional possibility of manipulating the cellular structures of the foams. Finally, we provide a solution to product circularity by reporting a dissolution recycling method.
Bionic Design of Iron‐Doped MoSe2 Catalyst for Efficient Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Ye Tong , Li Hongbin , Xiao Taishi , Sun Zhengzong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe catalytic system of biological nitrogen fixation in nature primarily relies on the “FeMo cofactor” within nitrogenase enzymes. Inspired by this natural structure, we have designed a bionic inorganic counterpart, iron‐doped MoSe2, for the efficient electroreduction of dinitrogen to ammonia. The introduced Fe dopant significantly enhances nitrogen fixation activity of MoSe2. Furthermore, we constructed a heterostructure catalyst, the Fe‐MoSe2/Mo2C with more versatile Mo valence states. The heterostructured electrocatalyst achieves an ammonia production rate of 3.38 μg cm−2 h−1, and a Faradaic efficiency of 30.8 %, which is ~5 fold higher than that of pristine MoSe2. This study presents a novel approach for designing bionic nitrogen fixation electrocatalysts.
A Binary Ionogel Electrolyte for the Realization of an All Solid‐State Electrical Double‐Layer Capacitor Performing at Low Temperature
Authors: Pameté Emmanuel , Wang Zhuanpei , Béguin François 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOver the last years, solid‐state electrolytes made of an ionic liquid (IL) confined in a solid (inorganic or polymer) matrix, also known as ionogels, have been proposed to solve the leakage problems occurring at high temperatures in classical electrical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) with an organic electrolyte, and thereof improve the safety. However, making ionogel‐based EDLCs perform with reasonable power at low temperature is still a major challenge due to the high melting point of the confined IL. To overcome these limitations, the present contribution discloses ionogel films prepared in a totally oxygen/moisture‐free atmosphere by encapsulating 70 wt % of an equimolar mixture of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate – [EMIm][BF4]0.5[FSI]0.5 – into a poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF‐HFP) network. The further called “binary ionogel” films demonstrated a high flexibility and a good ionic conductivity of 5.8 mS cm−1 at 20 °C. Contrary to the ionogels prepared from either [EMIm][FSI] or [EMIm][BF4], displaying melting at Tm=−16 °C and −7 °C, respectively, the crystallization of confined [EMIm][BF4]0.5[FSI]0.5 is quenched in the binary ionogel, which shows only a glass transition at −101 °C. This quenching enables an increased ionicity and ionic diffusion at the interface with the PVdF host network, leading the binary ionogel membrane to display higher ionic conductivity below −20 °C than the parent binary [EMIm][BF4]0.5[FSI]0.5 liquid. Laminate EDLCs were built with a 100 μm thick binary ionogel separator and electrodes made from a hierarchical micro‐/mesoporous MgO‐templated carbon containing a reasonable proportion of mesopores to enhance the mass transport of ions, especially at low temperature where the ionic diffusion noticeably decreases. The EDLCs operated up to 3.0 V with ideal EDL characteristics from −40 °C to room temperature. Their output specific energy under a discharge power of 1 kW kg−1 is ca. 4 times larger than with a cell implementing the same carbon electrodes together with the binary [EMIm][BF4]0.5[FSI]0.5 liquid. Hence, this binary ionogel electrolyte concept paves the road for developing safe and flexible solid‐state energy storage devices operating at subambient temperatures in extreme environments.
Silicon‐photonic four‐mode triple‐band multiplexing device for hybrid wavelength/mode division multiplexing networks
Authors: Tam Linh Ho Duc , Hong Yen Nguyen Thi , Duy Phuc Vo , Buu Ngo Trong Huynh , Duy Thang Dao , Tuan Nguyen Van , Cao Dung Truong , Tan Hung Nguyen 
Published: May 2024

SummaryWhile wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology combines several wavelengths onto a single waveguide, the technology of mode division multiplexing (MDM) allows many orthogonal modes of the same wavelength to operate simultaneously without interchannel crosstalk. Thus, the hybrid WDM and MDM network in which the two above‐mentioned techniques cooperate could give a several‐fold increase in the overall network capacity. Constructing this network requires hybrid wavelength‐and‐mode multiplexers, especially ones with high integration and complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility. In this paper, we propose a design of a four‐mode triple‐band multiplexer that is capable of multiplexing up to 12 separate optical signal flows by utilizing four eigenmodes (TE0, TE1, TE2, and TE3) and three‐wavelength windows, which center at 1310, 1490, and 1550 nm. The device is on silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) platform, consisting of four butterfly‐shaped multimode interference (MMI) couplers, four directional couplers, and a
cascaded asymmetric Y‐junction coupler. Via numerical simulations, the proposed design is verified to be able to operate effectively on the three aforementioned bandwidth slots with an optical conversion efficiency of over 93% in all functions. Moreover, it exhibits insertion loss less than 1.5 dB and crosstalk smaller than −16 dB within 25 nm bandwidth at each wavelength window. These results can affirm the success of wavelength–mode combination, which leads to a massive improve in the channel capacity on the same optical multiplexing system for optical telecommunications and photonics on‐chip interconnections.
Diagnostic accuracy and clinical impact of renal biopsy cytology
Authors: Xu Hongzhi , Taylor‐Cho Ian A. , “Sara” Jiang Xiaoyin , Foo Wen‐Chi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe role of fine needle biopsy cytology in the workup of renal mass lesions remains controversial. With advances in imaging technology and clinical management for renal masses, a critical reevaluation of the role of renal biopsy is needed. This study was designed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the performance and clinical impact of fine needle biopsy in patients with renal masses.MethodsA 5‐year retrospective study of ultrasound or computer tomography (CT)‐guided fine needle biopsies of renal masses diagnosed via cytopathology was conducted. Overall diagnostic rate, sensitivity, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated. Further analysis of the impact of fine needle biopsy cytology on clinical management was performed.ResultsA total of 227 cases of fine‐needle aspiration and/or biopsy (FNA/B) of renal masses were identified, including 76 with subsequent nephrectomies. Complications were rare (<1%). The diagnostic rate and sensitivity of FNA/B were 83.3% and 89.5%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy was 98.7% at the major categorical level and 94.7% at the tumor subtype level. Subsequent clinical actions were associated with a definitive cytologic diagnosis of malignancy/neoplasia (p < .05) and were affected by tumor subtype (p < .05).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that FNA/B of renal masses is a safe and reliable minimally invasive diagnostic tool with excellent accuracy in confirmation of malignancy and subclassification of tumors. Diagnoses made on FNA/B play a key role in guiding a personalized clinical treatment plan.
A hands‐on guide to use network video recorders, internet protocol cameras, and deep learning models for dynamic monitoring of trout and salmon in small streams
Authors: Karlsson Konrad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study outlines a method for using surveillance cameras and an algorithm that calls a deep learning model to generate video segments featuring salmon and trout in small streams. This automated process greatly reduces the need for human intervention in video surveillance. Furthermore, a comprehensive guide is provided on setting up and configuring surveillance equipment, along with instructions on training a deep learning model tailored to specific requirements. Access to video data and knowledge about deep learning models makes monitoring of trout and salmon dynamic and hands‐on, as the collected data can be used to train and further improve deep learning models. Hopefully, this setup will encourage fisheries managers to conduct more monitoring as the equipment is relatively cheap compared with customized solutions for fish monitoring. To make effective use of the data, natural markings of the camera‐captured fish can be used for individual identification. While the automated process greatly reduces the need for human intervention in video surveillance and speeds up the initial sorting and detection of fish, the manual identification of individual fish based on natural markings still requires human effort and involvement. Individual encounter data hold many potential applications, such as capture–recapture and relative abundance models, and for evaluating fish passages in streams with hydropower by spatial recaptures, that is, the same individual identified at different locations. There is much to gain by using this technique as camera captures are the better option for the fish's welfare and are less time‐consuming compared with physical captures and tagging.
Behavioral trade‐offs and multitasking by elk in relation to predation risk from Mexican gray wolves
Authors: Farley Zachary J. , Thompson Cara J. , Boyle Scott T. , Tatman Nicole M. , Cain James W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPredator non‐consumptive effects (NCE) can alter prey foraging time and habitat use, potentially reducing fitness. Prey can mitigate NCEs by increasing vigilance, chewing‐vigilance synchronization, and spatiotemporal avoidance of predators. We quantified the relationship between Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) predation risk and elk (Cervus canadensis) behavior. We conducted behavioral observations on adult female elk and developed predation risk indices using GPS collar data from Mexican wolves, locations of elk killed by wolves, and landscape covariates. We compared a priori models to determine the best predictors of adult female behavior and multitasking. Metrics that quantified both spatial and temporal predation risk were the most predictive. Vigilance was positively associated with increased predation risk. The effect of predation risk on foraging and resting differed across diurnal periods. During midday when wolf activity was lower, the probability of foraging increased while resting decreased in high‐risk areas. During crepuscular periods when elk and wolves were most active, increased predation risk was associated with increased vigilance and slight decreases in foraging. Our results suggest elk are temporally avoiding predation risk from Mexican wolves by trading resting for foraging, a trade‐off often not evaluated in behavioral studies. Probability of multitasking depended on canopy openness and an interaction between maternal period and predation risk; multitasking decreased prior to parturition and increased post parturition in high‐risk areas. Openness was inversely related to multitasking. These results suggest adult female elk are altering the type of vigilance used depending on resource availability/quality, current energetic needs, and predation risk. Our results highlight potentially important, but often‐excluded behaviors and trade‐offs prey species may use to reduce the indirect effects of predation and contribute additional context to our understanding of predator–prey dynamics.
Trophic facilitation in forest restoration: Can Nothofagus trees use ectomycorrhizal fungi of the pioneer shrub Leptospermum?
Authors: Strawsine Merissa , van Galen Laura G. , Lord Janice M. , Larcombe Matthew J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe benefits of plant‐to‐plant facilitation in ecological restoration are well recognized, yet the potential for indirect trophic facilitation remains understudied. Nothofagus (southern beech; Nothofagaceae) is an iconic southern hemisphere tree genus that is frequently the focus of ecological restoration efforts. One aspect of Nothofagus ecology that may limit restoration success is the availability of appropriate ectomycorrhizal fungi. It has been suggested that pioneer dual‐mycorrhizal hosts such as Leptospermum species (Myrtaceae) could facilitate Nothofagus establishment by providing fungal inoculum, but the capacity for Nothofagus to use Leptospermum ectomycorrhizal fungi is unknown. To investigate potential indirect facilitation, we conducted a common garden pot trial to determine if Nothofagus cliffortioides (mountain beech) can use symbionts from Leptospermum scoparium (mānuka) ectomycorrhizal communities. Nothofagus and Leptospermum seedlings were grown in monoculture and mixed pairs with reciprocal “home” and “away” soil fungal inoculum. ITS2 metabarcoding of eDNA from hyphal ingrowth bags revealed that Nothofagus and Leptospermum inoculum contained different ectomycorrhizal fungal communities, but that half of the common ectomycorrhizal taxa identified were found in both soil types, suggesting generalist fungi exist. Nothofagus was able to form associations with some fungal species originating from Leptospermum inoculum, however, probable spore contamination meant that the proportion of root colonization associated with those species was ambiguous. Root ectomycorrhizal colonization rates were positively associated with seedling biomass, and there was some evidence of a home soil inoculum advantage in Nothofagus, but these effects were minor. Additionally, we found evidence that home inoculum provides a protective advantage against drought stress for Leptospermum seedlings. Our results indicate the potential for using Leptospermum to promote Nothofagus establishment in restoration plantings and highlight the possible benefits of considering fungal mutualists in ecological restoration projects.