bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for the accurate diagnosis of biliary complications after liver transplantation: comparison with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography – long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Katz L. H. , Benjaminov O. , Belinki A. , Geler A. , Braun M. , Knizhnik M. , Aizner S. , Shaharabani E. , Sulkes J. , Shabtai E. , Pappo O. , Atar E. , Tur‐Kaspa R. , Mor E. , Ben‐Ari Z. 
Published: October 2010

Katz LH, Benjaminov O, Belinki A, Geler A, Braun M, Knizhnik M, Aizner S, Shaharabani E, Sulkes J, Shabtai E, Pappo O, Atar E, Tur‐Kaspa R, Mor E, Ben‐Ari Z. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for the accurate diagnosis of biliary complications after liver transplantation: comparison with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography – long‐term follow‐up. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: E163–E169. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Biliary complications after liver transplantation remain a serious cause of morbidity and mortality. Direct invasive cholangiographic techniques, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), have procedure‐related complications. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is non‐invasive, safe, and accurate. The aim of this study was to evaluate MRCP in detecting biliary complications following liver transplantation and comparing findings with ERCP and PTC. Twenty‐seven consecutive liver transplant recipients who presented with clinical and biochemical, ultrasonographic, or histological evidence of biliary complications were evaluated with MRCP. Patients were followed up for a median period of 36 months. The presence of a biliary complication was confirmed in 18 patients (66.6%): anastomotic biliary stricture in 12 (66.6%); diffuse intrahepatic biliary stricture in 5 (27.7%): ischemic (n = 3), recurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 2), and choledocholithiasis in one. In nine patients (33.3%), MRCP was normal. Six patients underwent ERCP, and eight PTC. There was a statistically significant correlation between the MRCP and both ERCP and PTC (p = 0.01) findings. The sensitivity and specificity of the MRCP were 94.4% and 88.9%, respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values, 94.4% and 89.9%, respectively. MRCP is an accurate imaging tool for the assessment of biliary complications after liver transplantation. We recommend that MRCP be the diagnostic imaging modality of choice in this setting, reserving direct cholangiography for therapeutic procedures.
Molecular genetic diversity and population structure of a selected core set in garlic and its relatives using novel SSR markers
Authors: Zhao W.‐G. , Chung J.‐W. , Lee G.‐A. , Ma K.‐H. , Kim H.‐H. , Kim K.‐T. , Chung I.‐M. , Lee J.‐K. , Kim N.‐S. , Kim S.‐M. , Park Y.‐J. 
Published: October 2010

With 7 figures and 6 tables AbstractGarlic is widely consumed for its culinary and medical benefits. Six hundred and thirteen accessions of garlic and its relatives with diverse origin were evaluated for genetic diversity at eight recently novel simple sequence repeat loci in this study. A total of 113 alleles were detected, the average allelic richness was 14.1 alleles per locus. Using a heuristic approach, a core set of 95 accessions was successfully developed, which showed 100% coverage of alleles with minimum redundancy. The model‐based structure analysis here revealed the presence of four subpopulations in the selected core set, which was basically consistent with clustering based on the genetic distance. The analysis of molecular variance based on this core set showed that between‐population component of genetic variance is <15.6% in contrast to 84.4% for the within population component. Overall FST value was 0.1560, indicating a moderate differentiation among the four groups. These results will provide an effective aid for future allele mining, association genetics, mapping and cloning gene(s), germplasm conservation, and improvement programs.
Plum pox virus (sharka) sensitivity in Prunus salicina and Prunus cerasifera cultivars against a Dideron‐type isolate
Authors: Rubio M. , García‐Ibarra A. , Dicenta F. , Martínez‐Gómez P. 
Published: October 2010

With 1 table AbstractThe behaviour of 31 plum cultivars (Prunus salicina, Prunus cerasifera, P. domestica, P. cerasifera × P. salicina and P. salicina × P. armeniaca) against a Dideron‐type isolate of Plum pox virus (PPV) (sharka) was evaluated in an insect‐proof greenhouse, grafted onto ‘Adesoto’ diseased rootstocks, during three growing cycles. All plum cultivars showed the symptoms of sharka or were ELISA positive in at least one of the replications evaluated. However, the behaviour of cultivars was different. Most of the Japanese plums were very sensitive or sensitive, showing strong sharka symptoms and being ELISA positive. Only the Japanese plums ‘Black Star’, ‘Calita’, and ‘Laroda’ showed tolerance to PPV, with mild sharka symptoms and a very low percentage of infected plants. In addition, among the four P. cerasifera studied, ‘J9’ was very sensitive, ‘Kometa’ was sensitive, and ‘P16’and ‘P2980’ were tolerant to sharka. Finally, the inter‐specific hybrids ‘J300’ and ‘Flavor Supreme’ were sensitive, and ‘Obilnaya’ was tolerant to the disease.
Interspecific gene flow and the origin of semi‐wild soybean revealed by capturing the natural occurrence of introgression between wild and cultivated soybean populations
Authors: Wang K‐J. , Li X‐H. 
Published: October 2010

With 6 figures and 4 tables AbstractThe cultivated soybean is domesticated from the wild soybean. Nevertheless, the origin of a semi‐wild‐type (Glycine gracilis) intermediate in morphology between the wild and cultivated species has not been very clearly established. The current hypothesis is that it is formed by hybridization between wild and cultivated soybeans. However, this theory is based on molecular data and lacks undisputed evidence, owing to no actual insight into the morphological behaviour of the occurrence of natural introgression. Phenotypic evidence is required in addition to molecular analyses. We investigated wild and cultivated soybean populations and captured the process of natural introgression between wild and cultivated soybeans as the direct and crucial evidence for the interspecific gene flow. Normal wild and cultivated soybean seeds from natural and cultivated populations generated G. gracilis‐type plants, which revealed the speciation of G. gracilis type. Our results demonstrated that the semi‐wild soybean type originated from reciprocal hybridizations between wild and cultivated soybeans. Phenotypically different cytoplasmic impacts between the wild and cultivated cytoplasmic genomes occurred in G. gracilis.
Use of measures of socioeconomic deprivation in planning primary health care workforce and defining health care need in Australia
Authors: Butler Danielle C. , Petterson Stephen , Bazemore Andrew , Douglas Kirsty A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective:  To examine whether measures of remoteness areas adequately reveal high need populations, measured against socioeconomic disadvantage and physician to population ratios. Design:  Exploratory spatial analysis of relationships between remoteness areas, medical workforce supply and the index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage (IRSD). Bivariate analyses examined associations between remoteness areas and IRSD. From this analysis, a composite score of deprivation was constructed combining measures of remoteness areas, physician to population ratios and IRSD, and validated against health outcome measures. These measures included avoidable mortality per 100 000, risk behaviour rate per 1000, diabetes rate per 1000. All analyses were conducted at the statistical local area level and weighted to be population representative. Results:  The percentage of small areas and populations within the most socioeconomically disadvantaged quintile rose with increasing remoteness. However, 12.8% of small areas within major cities and 40.7% of outer regional areas were also within the lowest socioeconomic quintile. There was a strong relationship between our composite score of deprivation and avoidable mortality, risk rate, diabetes rate and per cent Indigenous. Regression analysis examined the relationship between each element of the composite score and health outcomes. This revealed that the association between avoidable mortality and remoteness was lost after controlling for per cent Indigenous. Conclusions:  Using remoteness areas alone to prioritise workforce incentive programs and training requirements has significant limitations. Including measures of socioeconomic disadvantage and workforce supply would better target health inequities and improve resource allocation in Australia.
From ‘problem‐describing’ to ‘problem‐solving’: Challenging the ‘deficit’ view of remote and rural health
Authors: Bourke Lisa , Humphreys John S. , Wakerman John , Taylor Judy 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective:  Rural and remote health research has highlighted the many problems experienced in the bush. While attention to problems has raised awareness of the needs of rural and remote health, embedding a deficit perspective in research has stereotyped rural and remote health as poor environments to work in and as inherently problematic. The objectives of this paper are to challenge this thinking and suggest that a more balanced approach, acknowledging strengths, is beneficial. Design:  This discussion identifies why the deficit approach is problematic, proposes a strengths‐based approach and identifies some key strengths of rural and remote health. Results:  This study suggests alternative ways of thinking about rural and remote practice, including the rewards of rural and remote practice, that rural and remote communities can act as change agents, that these disciplines actively address the social determinants of health, that rural and remote areas have many innovative primary health care services and activities and that rural and remote contexts provide opportunities for evaluation and research. It is proposed that rural and remote health can be viewed as problem‐solving, thus dynamic and improving rather than as inherently problematic. Conclusion:  Critical of a deficit approach to rural and remote health, this paper provides alternatives ways of thinking about these disciplines and recommends a problem‐solving perspective of rural and remote health.
Knockdown of orexin type 1 receptor in rat locus coeruleus increases REM sleep during the dark period
Authors: Chen Lichao , McKenna James T. , Bolortuya Yunren , Winston Stuart , Thakkar Mahesh M. , Basheer Radhika , Brown Ritchie E. , McCarley Robert W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe locus coeruleus (LC) regulates sleep/wakefulness and is densely innervated by orexinergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Here we used small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to test the role of LC orexin type 1 receptor (OxR1) in sleep–wake control. In sleep studies, bilateral OxR1 siRNA injections led to an increase of time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which was selective for the dark (active) period, peaked at approximately 30% of control during the second dark period after injection and then disappeared after 4 days. Cataplexy‐like episodes were not observed. The percentage time spent in wakefulness and non‐REM (NREM) sleep and the power spectral profile of NREM and REM sleep were unaffected. Control animals, injected with scrambled siRNA, had no sleep changes after injection. Quantification of the knockdown revealed that unilateral microinjection of siRNAs targeting OxR1 into the rat LC on two consecutive days induced a 45.5% reduction of OxR1 mRNA in the LC 2 days following the injections when compared with the contralateral side receiving injections of control (scrambled) siRNAs. This reduction disappeared 4 days after injection. Similarly, unilateral injection of OxR1 siRNA into the LC revealed a marked (33.5%) reduction of OxR1 staining 2 days following injections. In contrast, both the mRNA level and immunohistochemical staining for tyrosine hydroxylase were unaffected. The results indicate that a modest knockdown of OxR1 is sufficient to induce observable sleep changes. Moreover, orexin neurons, by acting on OxR1 in the LC, play a role in the diurnal gating of REM sleep.
Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of vegetative state
Authors: Yamamoto Takamitsu , Katayama Yoichi , Kobayashi Kazutaka , Oshima Hideki , Fukaya Chikashi , Tsubokawa Takashi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOne hundred and seven patients in vegetative state (VS) were evaluated neurologically and electrophysiologically over 3 months (90 days) after the onset of brain injury. Among these patients, 21 were treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS). The stimulation sites were the mesencephalic reticular formation (two patients) and centromedian–parafascicularis nucleus complex (19 cases). Eight of the patients recovered from VS and were able to obey verbal commands at 13 and 10 months in the case of head trauma and at 19, 14, 13, 12, 12 and 8 months in the case of vascular disease after comatose brain injury, and no patients without DBS recovered from VS spontaneously within 24 months after brain injury. The eight patients who recovered from VS showed desynchronization on continuous EEG frequency analysis. The Vth wave of the auditory brainstem response and N20 of the somatosensory evoked potential could be recorded, although with a prolonged latency, and the pain‐related P250 was recorded with an amplitude of > 7 μV. Sixteen (14.9%) of the 107 VS patients satisfied these criteria in our electrophysiological evaluation, 10 of whom were treated with DBS and six of whom were not treated with DBS. In these 16 patients, the recovery rate from VS was different between the DBS therapy group and the no DBS therapy group (P < 0.01, Fisher’s exact probability test) These findings indicate that DBS may be useful for the recovery of patients from VS if the candidates are selected on the basis of electrophysiological criteria.
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and deep brain stimulation
Authors: Hariz Marwan I. , Robertson Mary M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is characterized by multiple motor and one or more vocal/phonic tics. Psychopathology and co‐morbidity occur in approximately 80–90% of clinical cohorts. The most common psychopathologies are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive‐compulsive behaviours, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, depression, anxiety and certain behavioural disorders. In severe GTS patients who are refractory to medication and other therapies, deep brain stimulation (DBS) is investigated. To date there have been some 50–55 patients who have received DBS in 19 centres worldwide. Nine different brain targets in the thalamus, the pallidum, and the ventral caudate and anterior internal capsule have been stimulated. This paper reviews critically and in detail all studies published to date. Only two studies on just a few patients fulfil some of the evidence‐based criteria. DBS for GTS is therefore still highly experimental.
Central thalamic deep brain stimulation for cognitive neuromodulation – a review of proposed mechanisms and investigational studies
Authors: Shah Sudhin A. , Schiff Nicholas D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe review the history of efforts to apply central thalamic deep brain stimulation (CT/DBS) to restore consciousness in patients in a coma or vegetative state by changing the arousal state. Early experimental and clinical studies, and the results of a recent single‐subject human study that demonstrated both immediate behavioral facilitation and carry‐over effects of CT/DBS are reviewed. We consider possible mechanisms underlying CT/DBS effects on cognitively‐mediated behaviors in conscious patients in light of the anatomical connectivity and physiological specializations of the central thalamus. Immediate and carry‐over effects of CT/DBS are discussed within the context of possible effects on neuronal plasticity and gene expression. We conclude that CT/DBS should be studied as a therapeutic intervention to improve impaired cognitive function in severely brain‐injured patients who, in addition to demonstrating clinical evidence of consciousness and goal‐directed behavior, retain sufficient preservation of large‐scale cerebral networks within the anterior forebrain. Although available data provide evidence for proof‐of‐concept, very significant challenges for study design and development of CT/DBS for clinical use are identified.
Tell me what you eat and I’ll tell you when you fly: diet can predict phenological changes in response to climate change
Authors: Altermatt Florian 
Published: October 2010

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 1475–1484AbstractChanges in phenology are correlated with climate change. However, we still struggle to understand the traits making species susceptible to climate change, and the implications of species’ reactions for communities and food webs. Butterflies and moths are an ecologically important group that have shown pronounced phenological changes over the last decades. Tests using a > 150‐year dataset from 566 European butterfly and moth species demonstrated that variation in phenological change was strongly related to traits describing plant–herbivore interactions (larval diet breadth, diet composition), and the life cycle. The results indicate that climate change related shifts in phenology are correlated with the seasonal availability and palatability of food plants. Lepidopterans feeding on herbaceous plants showed smaller shifts in flight periods but larger increases in voltinism than lepidopterans feeding on woody plants. Consequently, the effect of herbivorous lepidopterans may increase in herb‐rich grassland ecosystems under warmer conditions, and not in forest ecosystems.
Review of biomarkers in colorectal cancer
Authors: Newton K. F. , Newman W. , Hill J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim  Advances in molecular technology have resulted in the discovery of many putative biomarkers relevant to colorectal cancer (CRC).Method  Literature searches were performed on PubMed and EMBASE using the words ‘colorectal cancer’, AND ‘biomarkers OR markers’. Biomarkers that are either currently in clinical use or have potential clinical use were identified.Results  Most potential markers are in the discovery phase waiting to undergo clinical validation. Hypermethylation of the plasma septin‐9 gene shows promise as a nonstool‐based screening tool. Hypermethylation of the DYPD gene (encodes the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase) and variation of the uridine diphosphate‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A (UGT1A1) gene have predictive value for side effects and the efficacy of 5‐fluoruracil and irinotecan, respectively. Mismatch repair protein immunohistochemistry is able to predict response to 5‐fluorouracil, and the KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene) and B‐RAF (v‐RAF murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) somatic gene mutation status can predict the response to anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor therapy.Conclusion  Recent advances indicate that the widespread use of biomarkers may herald the next major advance in the diagnosis and management of CRC.
SYMBIOTIC EMPIRICAL ETHICS: A PRACTICAL METHODOLOGY
Authors: FRITH LUCY 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTLike any discipline, bioethics is a developing field of academic inquiry; and recent trends in scholarship have been towards more engagement with empirical research. This ‘empirical turn’ has provoked extensive debate over how such ‘descriptive’ research carried out in the social sciences contributes to the distinctively normative aspect of bioethics. This paper will address this issue by developing a practical research methodology for the inclusion of data from social science studies into ethical deliberation. This methodology will be based on a naturalistic conception of ethical theory that sees practice as informing theory just as theory informs practice – the two are symbiotically related. From this engagement with practice, the ways that such theories need to be extended and developed can be determined. This is a practical methodology for integrating theory and practice that can be used in empirical studies, one that uses ethical theory both to explore the data and to draw normative conclusions.
Hedge Fund Regulation and Misreported Returns
Authors: Cumming Douglas , Dai Na 
Published: October 2010

Abstract This paper introduces a cross‐country law and finance analysis of the misreporting behaviour in the hedge fund industry in terms of smoothing returns so that a fund consistently generates positive returns. We find strong evidence that international differences in hedge fund regulation are significantly associated with the propensity of fund managers to misreport monthly returns. We find a positive association between wrappers and misreporting, particularly for funds that do not have a lockup provision. Also, we find some evidence that misreporting is less common among funds in jurisdictions with minimum capitalisation requirements and restrictions on the location of key service providers. We assess the robustness of our finds to a number of specifications, including, different specifications of misreporting bin widths, subsets of the data by fund type, as well as specifications controlling for collinearity and selection effects and other robustness checks. We show misreporting significantly affects capital allocation, and calculate the wealth transfer effects of misreporting and relate this wealth transfer to differences in hedge fund regulation.
An intrapatient comparison of quality of life in psoriasis in childhood and adulthood
Authors: de Jager M.E.A. , de Jong E.M.G.J. , van de Kerkhof P.C.M. , Evers A.W.M. , Seyger M.M.B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground  Chronic diseases can have a great influence on health‐related quality of life. Nevertheless, only little research has been carried out on childhood psoriasis. The perception of quality of life by adults with psoriasis of their childhood psoriasis has never been investigated.Objectives  The aims of this study were to (i) investigate retrospectively the influence of psoriasis as experienced in childhood as compared with the current quality of life in adulthood; (ii) assess retrospectively the impact of childhood psoriasis on daily life; and (iii) compare the current quality of life in patients with childhood onset psoriasis (COP) and adult onset psoriasis (AOP).Methods  A survey was performed among all members of the Dutch Psoriasis Society. Validated questionnaires on quality of life, impact on daily life and clinical severity were used.Results  Questionnaires of 1762 patients were suitable for analysis. Adults with an onset of psoriasis before the age of 18 years retrospectively rate their quality of life during childhood much less as compared with their current quality of life (intrapatient comparison). Influence of psoriasis in childhood particularly had a high degree of limitations on recreational and social activities in 15–30% of patients. Quality of life in adulthood is not determined by age of onset of psoriasis.Conclusions  In childhood, the quality of life is greatly influenced by psoriasis. The social development domain, which is one of the developmental milestones in a child, is particularly impaired. The current quality of life of patients with COP is equal to that of patients with AOP.