bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notch1 regulates the growth of human colon cancers
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Bin , Ji Zong‐Zheng , Zheng Peng‐Sheng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The aberrant activation of the Notch signaling has been associated with the development of colon cancers. However, the role of Notch1 in the pathogenesis of colon cancers is poorly understood.METHODS:The expression of Notch1 in colon cancer tissues and nontumor tissues and in colon cancer cell lines was examined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The impact of small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐mediated Notch1 knockdown or Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD)‐based transgene‐induced Notch1 overexpression on the proliferation, cell cycling, apoptosis, colony formation, and tumorsphere formation in vitro and the development and growth of implanted tumors in vivo was characterized.RESULTS:Notch1 was overexpressed in colon cancer tissues, and the levels of Notch1 expression in different types of colon cancers were associated with the pathologic grade, progression, and metastasis of colon cancers. Furthermore, knockdown of Notch1 significantly inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, and tumorsphere formation of SW480 and HT‐29 cells, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, and mitigated the development and growth of implanted colon cancers in vivo. In contrast, Notch1 overexpression promoted the proliferation, colony formation, cell cycling, and tumorsphere formation of colon cancer cells in vitro and the development and growth of implanted colon cancers in vivo, but it inhibited spontaneous apoptosis.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that Notch1 signaling positively regulates the growth of colon cancers. Conceivably, the modulation of Notch1‐related signaling may be a promising therapy for human colon cancers. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Obesity adversely affects survival in pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: McWilliams Robert R. , Matsumoto Martha E. , Burch Patrick A. , Kim George P. , Halfdanarson Thorvardur R. , de Andrade Mariza , Reid‐Lombardo Kaye , Bamlet William R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Higher body‐mass index (BMI) has been implicated as a risk factor for developing pancreatic cancer, but its effect on survival has not been thoroughly investigated. The authors assessed the association of BMI with survival in a sample of pancreatic cancer patients and used epidemiologic and clinical information to understand the contribution of diabetes and hyperglycemia.METHODS:A survival analysis using Cox proportional hazards by usual adult BMI was performed on 1861 unselected patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma; analyses were adjusted for covariates that included clinical stage, age, and sex. Secondary analyses incorporated self‐reported diabetes and fasting blood glucose in the survival model.RESULTS:BMI as a continuous variable was inversely associated with survival from pancreatic adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio [HR], 1.019 for each increased unit of BMI [kg/m2], P < .001) after adjustment for age, stage, and sex. In analysis by National Institutes of Health BMI category, BMIs of 30 to 34.99 kg/m2 (HR, 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98‐1.33), 35 to 39.99 kg/m2 (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08‐1.62), and ≥40 (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.26‐2.04) were associated with decreased survival compared with normal BMI of 18.5 to 24.99 kg/m2 (overall trend test P < .001). Fasting blood glucose and diabetes did not affect the results.CONCLUSIONS:Higher BMI is associated with decreased survival in pancreatic cancer. Although the mechanism of this association remains undetermined, diabetes and hyperglycemia do not appear to account for the observed association. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Microsatellite instability among individuals of Hispanic origin with colorectal cancer
Authors: Gupta Samir , Ashfaq Raheela , Kapur Payal , Afonso Bianca B. , Nguyen Thuy‐Phuong T. , Ansari Faryal , Boland C. Richard , Goel Ajay , Rockey Don C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although the presence of microsatellite instability (MSI) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) may have implications for prognosis, therapy, and family counseling, to the authors' knowledge, the prevalence of MSI has not been well described among individuals of Hispanic origin with CRC residing in the United States.METHODS:A retrospective cohort study using a hospital‐based tumor registry to identify individuals of Hispanic origin who were diagnosed with CRC was conducted. Clinical data and tumor samples were retrieved. Molecular analyses included testing for MSI using a panel of 5 mononucleotide markers (BAT25, BAT26, NR21, NR24, and NR27) in a pentaplex polymerase chain reaction assay, as well as immunohistochemistry for the mismatch repair (MMR) proteins mutL homolog (MLH) 1, mutS homolog (MSH) 2, MSH6, and postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (PMS2) 2 on representative tissue.RESULTS:A total of 111 individuals of Hispanic origin with CRC were identified. Approximately 41.4% were women, and the median age was 57 years (interquartile range [IQR], 47.1‐63.5 years). Eleven patients (9.9%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 4.2%‐15.6%) had MSI CRC, whereas 14 patients (12.6%; 95% CI, 7.3%‐21.8%) had CRC with ≥1 MMR protein abnormality. Ten of 11 individuals with MSI had clinical or molecular characteristics suspicious for Lynch syndrome such as abnormal expression of MSH2 and/or MSH6 (n = 7) or age <50 years at the time of diagnosis (n = 7).CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of MSI CRC among Hispanic individuals may be similar to that of other races and ethnicities, but clinicopathological characteristics, including age at diagnosis and pattern of abnormal MMR protein expression, suggest that sporadic MSI CRC may be less common in individuals of Hispanic origin, and that much of the MSI observed in this situation may be attributable to Lynch syndrome. Further exploration of the causes of disparate presentations of CRC by ethnicity and race is warranted. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization for detecting urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Caraway Nancy P. , Khanna Abha , Fernandez Ricardo L. , Payne Linda , Bassett Roland L. , Zhang Hua‐Zhong , Kamat Ashish , Katz Ruth L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Because urothelial carcinoma (UC) is associated with a significantly high risk of disease recurrence and progression, patients with UC require long‐term surveillance. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been shown to be more sensitive than cytology in the detection of UC. The current study evaluated the use of FISH for detecting UC.METHODS:A pathology database was used to identify patients who had urine cytology and FISH performed at the study institution between 2004 and 2006. Urinary specimens were analyzed using UroVysion FISH probes for abnormalities in centromeric chromosomes 3, 7, and 17 and locus‐specific 9p21. FISH results were correlated with cytologic findings and a minimal clinical follow‐up of 24 months.RESULTS:A total of 1006 consecutive urinary specimens from 600 patients (448 men and 152 women) who were monitored for recurrent UC (915 specimens) or evaluated for urinary symptoms (91 specimens) were identified. On FISH analysis, 669 specimens were found to be negative for UC and 272 specimens were positive for UC. Sixty‐five (6%) specimens were insufficient for FISH analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of FISH for UC were 58% and 66%, respectively, and 59% and 63%, respectively, when FISH and cytology results were combined. Factors contributing to decreased FISH sensitivity included the paucity or absence of tumor cells, low‐grade tumors, degenerated cells, method of specimen collection, type of specimen, and obscuring inflammatory cells or lubricant.CONCLUSIONS:UroVysion FISH appeared to have good sensitivity and specificity for detecting UC in urinary specimens. It is important to correlate the FISH results with the cytologic findings. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Kinetics of Substituted Silylene Addition and Elimination in Silicon Nanocluster Growth Captured by Group Additivity
Authors: Adamczyk Andrew J. , Reyniers Marie‐Françoise , Marin Guy B. , Broadbelt Linda J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAccurate rate coefficients for 40 bimolecular substituted silylene addition reactions for silicon hydrides containing up to nine silicon atoms are calculated using the G3//B3LYP method. The overall reactions exhibit two steps: the reactants first meet to form an adduct, which then converts into a saturated silicon hydride. Values for the single‐event Arrhenius pre‐exponential factor,${\tilde A}$, and the activation energy,Ea, are calculated from the G3//B3LYP rate coefficients corrected for internal rotations, and a group additivity scheme is developed to predict${\tilde A}$andEa. The values predicted by group additivity are more accurate than structure–reactivity relationships currently used in the literature, which rely on representative${\tilde A}$values and the Evans–Polanyi correlation. The structural factors that have the most pronounced effect on${\tilde A}$andEaare considered, and the presence of rings is shown to influence these values strongly.
Preparation and Electrochemical Behavior of PtRu(111) Alloy Single‐Crystal Surfaces
Authors: El‐Aziz Ahmed M. , Hoyer Rüdiger , Kibler Ludwig A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of a PtRu(111) single crystal with 1:1 bulk atomic ratio is investigated for the first time by means of cyclic voltammetry and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The electrode surfaces are enriched with either Ru or Pt, depending on the cooling conditions after inductive heating. Analysis of the surfaces by STM shows a typical topography with smooth terraces separated by monoatomic high steps. The voltammetric characterization of PtRu(111) in acid media clearly reveals an altered electrochemical behavior of the Pt and Ru surfaces compared to Pt(111) and Ru(0001), respectively. Systematic changes are observed for hydrogen adsorption and underpotential deposition of copper as test reactions. Based on theoretical calculations in the literature, it is experimentally verified that the Pt‐rich and the Ru‐rich surfaces of the PtRu(111) single‐crystal alloy bind adsorbates such as hydrogen significantly weaker and stronger than the pure single‐crystal electrode surfaces. Such changes in surface reactivity can be crucial for electrocatalytic reactions.
Supported and Free‐Standing Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Mesostructured Silica Films with High Proton Conductivity
Authors: Supplit Ralf , Sugawara Ayae , Peterlik Herwig , Kikuchi Ryuji , Okubo Tatsuya 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSulfonic acid functionalized silica films with 2D‐hexagonal mesostructures of various channel sizes are prepared in a one‐step synthesis. A successful combination of in situ oxidation of a mercapto‐functionalized silane with an evaporation induced self‐assembly (EISA) process in the presence of amphiphilic block copolymers allows the formation of a highly structured material with a sulfonation degree of 33 %. Analysis of the mesostructure by a combination of XRD, grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GI‐SAXS), and TEM shows that 2D‐hexagonally ordered mesostructured films are obtained by optimization of the surfactant to silica precursor ratio. The tuneability of the mesochannel size is demonstrated by the use of three different surfactants. The complete oxidation of the mercapto group to sulfonic acid is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal stability of the material is investigated by coupled thermogravimetric analysis, differential temperature analysis, and mass spectrometry (TGA‐DTA‐MS). Alternating current (AC) impedance analysis of humidified samples shows high proton conductivity of up to 0.18 S cm–1 at 60 °C and 95 % relative humidity.
Construction of a 2D Rectangular Grid and 3D Diamondoid Interpenetrated Frameworks and Their Functionalities by Changing the Second Spacers
Authors: Kanoo Prakash , Maji Tapas Kumar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree new metal–organic ZnII frameworks, {[Zn(bipy)(1,4‐ndc)(H2O)2]·2H2O} (1), {[Zn(bpe)(1,4‐ndc)]2·2DMF} (2), {[Zn(bpee)(1,4‐ndc)]2·2DMF} (3) [bipy = 4,4′‐bipyridyl, 1,4‐ndc = 1,4‐naphthalenedicarboxylate, bpe = 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane, bpee = 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene], have been synthesized by using mixed‐ligand systems under solvothermal conditions and characterized structurally by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 has a 2D structure with 44‐sql net topology, whereas 2 and 3 have a 3D diamondoid structure with interesting fourfold interpenetrated topology. Topological analyses of the diamondoid nets in compounds 2 and 3 reveal a 4‐connected net with 66 topology. Thermogravimetric experiments suggest that the solvent‐free compounds 1–3 are stable up to 370, 330, and 280 °C, respectively. The grids of 1 stack in –ABCD– fashion without any regular channel structure. Desolvated compound 2 (2′) selectively adsorbs CO2 over N2, and such discrimination is regulated by the restricted window dimension of the channels. Solvent vapor (H2O, MeOH, and EtOH) adsorption studies with 2′ suggest a hydrophobic nature of the pore surface. Gas and vapor adsorption studies with 3′ reveal no uptake, which can be correlated to a smaller pore size relative to the kinetic diameter of the respective adsorbates.
Fluorine Tagging of Polyoxometalates: The Cyclic [{MoV2O4(H2O)}4{O3PC(CF3)(O)PO3}4]12–
Authors: Banerjee Abhishek , Bassil Bassem S. , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker , Kortz Ulrich 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe have discovered a simple and efficient strategy to incorporate fluorine into polyoxometalates by reaction of thefluorinated diphosphonate H2O3PC(CF3)(OH)PO3H2 with [MoV2O4(H2O)6]2+ in aqueous medium (pH = 6.4) resulting in [{MoV2O4(H2O)}4{O3PC(CF3)(O)PO3}4]12– (1), which was structurally characterized in solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, infrared, thermogravimetric and elemental analyses. Polyanion 1 crystallizes as the mixed sodium/guanidinium salt Na6.5[(H2N)3C]5.5[{MoV2O4(H2O)}4{O3PC(CF3)(O)PO3}4]·8H2O (1a) in the monoclinic system, space groupC2/c with the unit‐cell parameters a = 34.0685(95) Å, b = 8.0874(19) Å, c = 34.4101(10) Å, β = 100.20(2)°, V = 9331.02(4) Å3 and Z = 2. The novel polyanion 1 has a cyclic, saddle‐like structure with four {Mo2O4(H2O)} units linked by four fully deprotonated diphosphonate moieties. In addition, the (CF3)C–OH moiety is deprotonated, due to the electronic effects of the neighboring CF3 group, leading to the formation of an Mo–O(C) bond. Solution 31P and 19F NMR studies of 1 indicate magnetic inequivalence of the two phosphorus atoms in each diphosphonate moiety. The solid‐state packing of the title polyanions in 1a by loosely bound Na+ counterions leads to an AAA‐type arrangement.
Flexible and Redox‐Active Coordination Polymer: Control of the Network Structure by Pendant Arms of a Macrocyclic Complex
Authors: Moon Hoi Ri , Suh Myunghyun Paik 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe coordination polymer {[Ni(C20H32N8)]2[TCM]}·5DMF·8H2O (1) has been assembled from a NiII macrocyclic complex that contains two pyridyl pendant arms, [Ni(C20H32N8)](ClO4)2, and sodium tetrakis[4‐(carboxyphenyl)oxamethyl]methane (Na4TCM) in DMF/water. The X‐ray structure of 1 reveals that the pyridyl pendant arms in the macrocyclic complex play a crucial role in determining the network structure through the π–π interactions. Compound 1 forms doubly catenated rhombic grids that generate 1D channels. It exhibits flexible behavior upon desorption/resorption and exchange of organic guest molecules as well as temperature change. Solid 1 is redox active due to the incorporated NiII macrocyclic species, and reacts with Pd(NO3)2 dissolved in acetonitrile at room temperature to produce small Pd nanoparticles [(2.9 ± 0.4) nm in diameter] in the channels in the absence of extra reducing or capping agents.
PFG‐NMR on W1/O/W2‐emulsions: Evidence for molecular exchange between water phases
Authors: Guan Xiangzhen , Hailu Kidist , Guthausen Gisela , Wolf Frederik , Bernewitz Richard , Schuchmann Heike P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA major question in the investigation of multiple emulsions of WOW‐type is that of stability and ripening, which is often reflected in the droplet‐size distribution (DSD). The DSD is an important parameter for judging product properties. Instability in multiple emulsions is often linked to molecular exchange between inner and outer water phases (W1, W2), which has to be taken into account. For example, coalescence phenomena and Ostwald ripening affect microscopic and/or macroscopic stability and therefore the multi‐dispersity of an emulsion. This is especially important as the inner compartment can act for encapsulating active agents. NMR investigations on emulsions are mainly based on the analysis of diffusion properties of molecules in the different compartments. For determination of the DSD of the inner and outer droplets, it is crucial to know the physical effects influencing the NMR‐signal. Depending on these effects, the NMR data are analyzed by different models, depending for example on the occurrence and time scale of molecular exchange between the phases. They are shown to yield correct DSDs. Evidence for the effect of diffusion between phases is given by using the phenomenon of driven diffusion, which allows a direct detection of the exchange by NMR. The exchange is confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Metathesis and Macrocycles with Embedded Carbohydrates
Authors: Jarikote Dilip Venkatrao , Murphy Paul V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMacrocycles containing embedded carbohydrates are found in nature. Tricholorin A and G, woodrosin, sophorolipid lactone, cycloviracin B1, glucolipsin A and ipomoeassins A–F are natural products with interesting biological properties. They have inspired synthesis of non‐natural macrocyclic structures which contain embedded carbohydrates. Glycophanes (hybrids of carbohydrates and cyclophanes) were prepared which show potential in host‐guest chemistry and which have been applied as rigid scaffolds for the synthesis of bivalent inhibitors of lectin binding to tumour cells. Macrocyclic neoglycoconjugates have also been prepared. These include macrocyclic neooligoaminodeoxysaccharides which bind to RNA regions containing either asymmetric internal loop or hairpin loop‐stem junctions, and vaccine candidates. Non‐natural macrolides having antibacterial and antifungal activity have been synthesised. Metathesis using Grubbs and Hoyveda‐Grubbs catalysts has been key to the successful generation of these compounds. Herein we review the recent application of metathesis to the synthesis of ipomoeassins A, B and F, glycophanes, neooligoaminodeoxysaccharides,macrolides and other macrocycles with embedded carbohydrates.
Pyrrolysine Analogs for Translational Incorporation into Proteins (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 22/2010)
Authors: Fekner Tomasz , Li Xin , Chan Michael K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows the X‐ray crystal structure of the monomethylamine methyltransferase from Methanosarcina barkeri. It was central to the discovery of pyrrolysine, the 22nd genetically encoded amino acid. The picture is also decorated with the structures of pyrrolysine and some of its analogs. They can be incorporated into proteins in response to an otherwise non‐sense amber (UAG) codon upon action of pyrrolysyl‐tRNAPyl synthetases from various Methanosarcinaceae working in tandem with their cognate tRNAs. Details are presented in the Microreview by M. K. Chan et al. on p. 4171 ff. The scarlet‐and‐gray background represents the colors of The Ohio State University.
Separation of α‐lactalbumin grafted‐ and non‐grafted maghemite core/silica shell nanoparticles by capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Petr Jan , Teste Bruno , Descroix Stéphanie , Siaugue Jean‐Michel , Gareil Pierre , Varenne Anne 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe use of nanoparticles (NPs) in immunodiagnostics is a challenging task for many reasons, including the need for miniaturization. In view of the development of an assay dedicated to an original, miniaturized and fully automated immunodiagnostics which aims to mimic in vivo interactions, magnetic zwitterionic bifunctional amino/polyethyleneoxide maghemite core/silica shell NPs functionalized with allergenic α‐lactalbumin were characterized by CE. Proper analytical performances were obtained through semi‐permanent capillary coating with didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) or permanent capillary wall modification by hydroxypropylcellulose. The influence of experimental conditions (e.g. buffer component nature, pH, ionic strength, and electric field strength) on sample stability, electrophoretic mobility, and dispersion was investigated using either DDAB‐ or hydroxypropylcellulose‐coated capillaries. Adsorption to the capillary wall and aggregation phenomena were evaluated according to the CE conditions. The proper choice of experimental conditions, i.e. separation under −10 kV in a 25 mM ionic strength MES/NaOH (pH 6.0) with a DDAB‐coated capillary, allowed the separation of the grafted and the non‐grafted NPs.
Optimal design of superelastic‐friction base isolators for seismic protection of highway bridges against near‐field earthquakes
Authors: Ozbulut Osman E. , Hurlebaus Stefan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe seismic response of a multi‐span continuous bridge isolated with novel superelastic‐friction base isolator (S‐FBI) is investigated under near‐field earthquakes. The isolation system consists of a flat steel‐Teflon sliding bearing and a superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) device. The key design parameters of an S‐FBI system are the natural period of the isolated bridge, the yielding displacement of the SMA device, and the friction coefficient of the sliding bearings. The goal of this study is to obtain optimal values for each design parameter by performing sensitivity analysis of a bridge isolated by an S‐FBI system. First, a three‐span continuous bridge is modeled as two‐degrees‐of‐freedom with the S‐FBI system. A neuro‐fuzzy model is used to capture rate‐ and temperature‐dependent nonlinear behavior of the SMA device. Then, a set of nonlinear time history analyses of the isolated bridge is performed. The variation of the peak response quantities of interest is shown as a function of design parameters of the S‐FBI system and the optimal values for each parameter are evaluated. Next, in order to assess the effectiveness of the S‐FBI system, the response of the bridge isolated by the S‐FBI system is compared with the response of the non‐isolated bridge and the same bridge isolated by pure‐friction (P‐F) sliding isolation system. Finally, the influence of temperature variations on the performance of the S‐FBI system is evaluated. The results show that the optimum design of a bridge with the S‐FBI system can be achieved by a judicious specification of design parameters. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.