bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐M‐Interaktionsdiagramme für Verbundwände aus Stahl und Beton
Authors: Iliopoulos Aristidis , Nikolaou Efthimios , Vayas Ioannis 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIm vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine praxisfreundliche Vorgehensweise zur Bemessung von Verbundwänden aus Baustahl und Beton für Biegung mit Längskraft vorgestellt. Die Wände bestehen aus Randstützen aus Baustahl und einer Stahlbetonwand, die miteinander durch Kopfbolzen fest verbunden sind. Es werden Interaktionsdiagramme angegeben, die als Hilfsmittel für eine schnelle Tragfähigkeitsberechnung angewendet werden können.Capacity diagrams for steel‐concrete composite shear walls. In this article a design method for the calculation of steel‐concrete composite shear walls under axial and bending loading is presented. Steel columns are used as edge members connected through shear studs with the concrete core of the shear wall. The diagrams given can be used for a quick capacity calculation.
Research on the finite element simulation of and updating method for old riveted truss bridges
Authors: Chen Weizhen , Yan Bochong , Liu Xue , Jiang Yingda 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFinite element modelling to establish the actual mechanical performance of very old riveted truss bridges with complex configurations is essential for the sake of accurately assessing their remaining service life and their safety. This paper describes a study on finite element simulation and its updating for the 104‐year‐old Waibaidu Bridge in Shanghai. First of all, a solution is proposed for structural simulation problems as the shear deformation of built‐up members, gusset plate rigid field and relevant cracks as well as the concrete slab’s composite action. The area loss of the main truss members and the actual effective width of the concrete slab are identified as key factors after error analysis for actual performance modelling, considering several causes such as second‐order effects, shear deformation, corrosion and the composite action of the concrete slab. Afterwards, the dual‐stage model updating method is tailored to old riveted truss bridges, which modifies structural stiffness through static load testing in the first step and then calibrates mass distribution through vibration testing. The research shows that: 1) dual‐stage finite element simulation is effective; 2) the shear deformation effect should be taken into consideration for latticed members, and the influence of second‐order effects and shear deformation should be also taken into account when bridge lateral response is involved, while the errors of composite parameters of concrete slab can never be neglected; and 3) corrosion modelling for truss members and crack monitoring for gusset plates have little significance on the finite element simulation and updating of old riveted truss bridges.
Die Stahlkonstruktion der Terminalhalle des Flughafens Berlin Brandenburg Willy Brandt
Authors: Nienhoff Hubert , Göppert Knut , Fackler Thomas 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBauwerke wie Brücken, Tunnel, Türme, Bahnhöfe und natürlich auch Flughäfen sind ein wesentlicher Bestandteil unserer modernen Infrastruktur. Ihre Größe und lange Lebensdauer führen zu einem prägenden und permanenten Einfluss auf das Erscheinungsbild unserer natürlichen und gebauten Umwelt. In Verbindung mit den komplexen funktionalen und wirtschaftlichen Anforderungen unserer modernen Zivilisation wird für die Planung und die Begleitung der Ausführung eines solchen Infrastrukturprojekts ein Arbeiten in interdisziplinären Teams unumgänglich. Die erfolgreiche Umsetzung dieser Zusammenarbeit wird nachfolgend am Beispiel des neuen Flughafens Berlin Brandenburg Willy Brandt erläutert.The new airport Berlin Brandenburg Willy Brandt.The built environment, buildings, bridges, tunnels, towers, train stations and of course airports, are forming a large portion of our modern infrastructure. The size and the life time of our built infrastructure lead to a highly visible and permanent impact for our natural and urban environment. Combined with the complex functional and economical requirements of our modern civilization an integrative planning in interdisciplinary teams is necessary. The realisation of these requirements beginning from the preliminary design up to the supervision of the assembling will be exemplary described and illustrated.
Untersuchungen zum zeitabhängigen mechanischen Materialverhalten von S460 im Brandfall
Authors: Schneider Regine , Lange Jörg 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFür die Brandbemessung von Stahlbauten ist eine genaue Kenntnis des mechanischen Materialverhaltens unter erhöhter Temperatur erforderlich. Der Eurocode 3 Teil 1‐2 [1] stellt hierzu für die Baustahlsorten S235 bis S460 einheitliche Spannungs‐Dehnungsbeziehungen bis 1200 °C zur Verfügung. Für den hochfesten Feinkornbaustahl S460 sind diese jedoch nicht hinreichend experimentell abgesichert. Die im Brandfall auftretenden Kriechdehnungen können im Rahmen des Bemessungskonzeptes nach [1] grundsätzlich nicht explizit berücksichtigt werden. In diesem Artikel werden die Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojektes zur Untersuchung des zeitabhängigen mechanischen Materialverhaltens hochfester Feinkornbaustähle S460 im Brandfall vorgestellt. Aus umfangreichen instationären Warmkriechversuchsreihen wurden die Hochtemperatur‐Werkstoffgesetze ermittelt. Ferner wurde das Kriechverhalten von S460 im Brandfall analysiert und ein empirisches Kriechgesetz formuliert, das die exakte Berücksichtigung der Kriechdehnungen in den Werkstoffgesetzen ermöglicht. Mit Hilfe metallographischer Untersuchungen konnte der Einfluss der chemischen Zusammensetzung und des Herstellprozesses auf die Hochtemperaturfestigkeit identifiziert werden.Analysis of the time‐dependent mechanical behaviour of S460 in case of fire. The knowledge of the mechanical behaviour of structural steel at elevated temperatures is essential for structural fire design. In Eurocode 3 Part 1‐2 [1] stress‐strain relationships up to 1200 °C are provided which are uniform for steel grades from S235 to S460. However, there is no sufficient experimental data base for the high strength fine grain structural steel S460. Creep strain developing in the course of a fire can, according to the design concept of [1], not be considered explicitly. This article presents the results of a research project dealing with the time‐dependent mechanical material behaviour of high strength fine grain structural steel S460 in case of fire. The stress‐strain relationships at elevated temperatures were derived from the results of extensive transient test series. Subsequently the creep behaviour of S460 under fire conditions was analysed and an empirical creep law was developed which allows for the accurate consideration of creep strain in the stress‐strain relationships. By means of metallographic investigations it was possible to identify the influence of the chemical composition and the production process on the high temperature resistance.
Numerical analysis of low‐frequency properties in single‐junction thermal converters
Authors: Amagai Yasutaka , Nakamura Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe have performed numerical calculations to analyze the low‐frequency properties of a single‐junction thermal converter using a modified low‐frequency model. A feature of the modified low‐frequency model is the incorporation of the heat capacity of the thermocouple and ceramic bead, which had been previously neglected. Since thermocouple and ceramic bead can increase the thermal inertia of the heater, they can modify the thermal time constant, which plays a crucial role at low frequencies. The calculated data using modified low‐frequency model for the AC–DC transfer differences correspond better to the experimental data. The difference of the AC–DC transfer difference between calculated and measured data is less than 10 µV/V down to 10 Hz. IEEJ Trans 2012. doi: 10.1002/tee.21739
A new method to efficiently induce a site‐specific double‐strand break in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Sunder Sham , Greeson‐Lott Nikole T. , Runge Kurt W. , Sanders Steven L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDouble‐strand DNA breaks are a serious threat to cellular viability and yeast systems have proved invaluable in helping to understand how these potentially toxic lesions are sensed and repaired. An important method to study the processing of DNA breaks in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is to introduce a unique double‐strand break into the genome by regulating the expression of the site‐specific HO endonuclease with a galactose inducible promoter. Variations of the HO site‐specific DSB assay have been adapted to many organisms, but the methodology has seen only limited use in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe because of the lack of a promoter capable of inducing endonuclease expression on a relatively short time scale (~1 h). We have overcome this limitation by developing a new assay in which expression of the homing endonuclease I‐PpoI is tightly regulated with a tetracycline‐inducible promoter. We show that induction of the I‐PpoI endonuclease produces rapid cutting of a defined cleavage site (> 80% after 1 h), efficient cell cycle arrest and significant accumulation of the checkpoint protein Crb2 at break‐adjacent regions in a manner that is analogous to published findings with DSBs produced by an acute exposure to ionizing irradiation. This assay provides an important new tool for the fission yeast community and, because many aspects of mammalian chromatin organization have been well‐conserved in Sz. pombe but not in S. cerevisiae, also offers an attractive system to decipher the role of chromatin structure in modulating the repair of double‐stranded DNA breaks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to Train Surgical Residents to Perform Laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass Safely
Authors: Iordens Gijs I. T. , Klaassen René A. , van Lieshout Esther M. M. , Cleffken Berry I. , van der Harst Erwin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundAs a result of increasing numbers of patients with morbid obesity there is a worldwide demand for bariatric surgeons. The Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, nowadays performed mostly laparoscopically (LRYGB), has been proven to be a highly effective surgical treatment for morbid obesity. This procedure is technically demanding and requires a long learning curve. Little is known about implementing these demanding techniques in the training of the surgical resident. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the introduction of LRYGB into the training of surgical residents.MethodsAll patients who underwent LRYGB between March 2006 and July 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The procedure was performed by a surgical resident under strict supervision of a bariatric surgeon (group I) or by a bariatric surgeon (group II). The primary end point was the occurrence of complications. Secondary end points included operative time, days of hospitalization, rate of readmission, and reappearance in the emergency department (ED) within 30 days.ResultsA total of 409 patients were found eligible for inclusion in the study: 83 patients in group I and 326 in group II. There was a significant difference in operating time (129 min in group I vs. 116 min in group II; p < 0.001) and days of hospitalization. Postoperative complication rate, reappearance in the ED, and rate of readmission did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionsOur data suggest that under stringent supervision and with sufficient laparoscopic practice, implementation of LRYGB as part of surgical training is safe and results in only a slightly longer operating time. Complication rates, days of hospitalization, and the rates of readmission and reappearance in the ED within 30 days were similar between the both groups. These results should be interpreted by remembering that all procedures in group I were performed in a training environment so occasional intervention by a bariatric surgeon, when necessary, was inevitable.
Synthesis, Characterization and Surface Activity of Alkyl m‐Xylene Sulfonate Isomers
Authors: Luan Huo‐xin , Wu Wen‐xiang , Cheng Jie‐cheng , Yu Tao , Qu Guang‐miao , Xu Ya‐bin , Li Guo‐qiao , Gao Xiao‐yu , Li An‐jun , Yuan Dan‐dan , Tong Wei , Li Zhong , Liu Kang , Liu Guo‐yu , Ding Wei 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper deals with the synthesis of a series of alkyl m‐xylene sulfonate isomers (with the m‐xylene located at the eighth carbon atom along the long alkyl chain) by the Friedel–Crafts reaction, and the Grignard reaction followed by hydrogenation. The structures were confirmed by 1H NMR. All analytical methods indicated high levels of purity of the isomers with the eighth carbon atom at the long alkyl chain. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension and maximum surface excess concentration at the CMC and area per molecule at the interface were determined. As the long alkyl chains increased the surfactant molecule tends to pack closely at the gas–liquid interface. Accordingly, the CMC decreased, the adsorption density increased, and the surface tension reduction was strengthened.
Alternative approaches for thinking about and modeling consumer decisions in relationships
Authors: Bagozzi Richard P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSimpson, Griskevicius, and Rothman identify an understudied area in consumer research (namely, decision making in social relationships), propose an important starting point for enquiry (a dyadic framework), and suggest many fruitful moderators for study that can be incorporated in their framework. After pointing out some boundary conditions and opportunities for future research concerning their suggestions, I consider a recent approach in psychology that applies to a relatively circumscribed domain of social relationships (i.e., the social relations model) and then briefly review an emerging approach (plural subject theory applied to goal‐directed behavior) that goes beyond the social relations model and better fits certain psychological and social psychological phenomena in consumer behavior.
Rehabilitation—Between management and knowledge practices: An historical overview of public action in Norwegian welfare reforms
Authors: Feiring Marte 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This article explores current Norwegian welfare reforms using the example of rehabilitation policy. One distinctive trend is the development of rehabilitation as part of a management system across administrative levels, sectors, as well as at the interface between public and private service provision. Another is the emergence of rehabilitation as a knowledge practice based on diverse disciplines, in addition to the experiences of both service providers and recipients. My research question is: in what ways do policy reforms redefine rehabilitation as a knowledge practice by using management tools? In terms of design, I briefly describe the history of rehabilitation services before addressing how today's welfare reforms redefine the field. I use document analysis and conduct a critical examination of selected political documents. The article concludes that in current rehabilitation practices, professionals, managers and clients are more interwoven than in the past.
Turbulent buoyant convection from a maintained source of buoyancy in a narrow vertical tank
Authors: van Sommeren Daan D. J. A. , Caulfield C. P. , Woods Andrew W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe describe new experiments to examine the buoyancy-induced mixing which results from the injection of a small constant volume flux of fluid of density ${\rho }_{s} $ at the top of a long narrow vertical tank with square cross-section which is filled with fluid of density ${\rho }_{0} \lt {\rho }_{s} $. The injected fluid vigorously mixes with the less dense fluid which initially occupies the tank, such that a dense mixed region of turbulent fluid propagates downwards during the initial mixing phase of the experiment. For an ideal source of constant buoyancy flux ${B}_{s} $, we show that the height of the mixed region grows as $h\ensuremath{\sim} { B}_{s}^{1/ 6} {d}^{1/ 3} {t}^{1/ 2} $ and that the horizontally averaged reduced gravity $ \overline{{g}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } } = g( \overline{\rho } \ensuremath{-} {\rho }_{0} )/ {\rho }_{0} $ at the top of tank increases as $ \overline{{g}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } } (0)\ensuremath{\sim} { B}_{s}^{5/ 6} {d}^{\ensuremath{-} 7/ 3} {t}^{1/ 2} $, where $d$ is the width of the tank. Once the mixed region reaches the bottom of the tank, the turbulent mixing continues in an intermediate mixing phase, and we demonstrate that the reduced gravity at each height increases approximately linearly with time. This suggests that the buoyancy flux is uniformly distributed over the full height of the tank. The overall density gradient between the top and bottom of the mixed region is hence time-independent for both the mixing phases before and after the mixed region has reached the bottom of the tank. Our results are consistent with previous models developed for the mixing of an unstable density gradient in a confined geometry, based on Prandtl’s mixing length theory, which suggest that the turbulent diffusion coefficient and the magnitude of the local turbulent flux are given by the nonlinear relations ${ \kappa }_{T}^{\mathit{nl}} = {\lambda }^{2} {d}^{2} \mathop{ (\partial \overline{{g}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } } / \partial z)}\nolimits ^{1/ 2} $ and ${J}^{\mathit{nl}} = {\lambda }^{2} {d}^{2} \mathop{ (\partial \overline{{g}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } } / \partial z)}\nolimits ^{3/ 2} $, respectively. The $O(1)$ constant $\lambda $ relates the width of the tank to the characteristic mixing length of the turbulent eddies. Since the mixed region is characterized by a time-independent overall density gradient, we also tested the predictions based on a linear model in which the turbulent diffusion coefficient is approximated by a constant ${ \kappa }_{T}^{l} $. We solve the corresponding nonlinear and linear turbulent diffusion equations for both mixing phases, and show a good agreement with experimental profiles measured by a dye attenuation technique, in particular for the solutions based on the nonlinear model.
Long-lived and unstable modes of Brownian suspensions in microchannels
Authors: Khoshnood Atefeh , Jalali Mir Abbas 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe investigate the stability of the pressure-driven, low-Reynolds-number flow of Brownian suspensions with spherical particles in microchannels. We find two general families of stable/unstable modes: (i) degenerate modes with symmetric and antisymmetric patterns; (ii) single modes that are either symmetric or antisymmetric. The concentration profiles of degenerate modes have strong peaks near the channel walls, while single modes diminish there. Once excited, both families would be detectable through high-speed imaging. We find that unstable modes occur in concentrated suspensions whose velocity profiles are sufficiently flattened near the channel centreline. The patterns of growing unstable modes suggest that they are triggered due to Brownian migration of particles between the central bulk that moves with an almost constant velocity, and a highly-sheared low-velocity region near the wall. Modes are amplified because shear-induced diffusion cannot efficiently disperse particles from the cavities of the perturbed velocity field.
Adherence to the Baltic Sea diet consumed in the Nordic countries is associated with lower abdominal obesity
Authors: Kanerva Noora , Kaartinen Niina E. , Schwab Ursula , Lahti-Koski Marjaana , Männistö Satu 
Published: May 2012

Due to differences in food cultures, dietary quality measures, such as the Mediterranean Diet Score, may not be easily adopted by other countries. Recently, the Baltic Sea Diet Pyramid was developed to illustrate healthy choices for the diet consumed in the Nordic countries. We assessed whether the Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) based on the Pyramid is associated with a decreased risk of obesity and abdominal obesity. The population-based cross-sectional study included 4720 Finns (25–74 years) from the National FINRISK 2007 study. Diet was assessed using a validated FFQ. The score included Nordic fruits and berries, vegetables, cereals, ratio of PUFA:SFA andtrans-fatty acids, low-fat milk, fish, red and processed meat, total fat (percentage of energy), and alcohol. Height, weight and waist circumference (WC) were measured and BMI values were calculated. In a multivariable model, men in the highestv.lowest BSDS quintile were more likely to have normal WC (OR 0·48, 95 % CI 0·29, 0·80). In women, this association was similar but not significant (OR 0·65, 95 % CI 0·39, 1·09). The association appeared to be stronger in younger age groups (men: OR 0·23, 95 % CI 0·08, 0·62; women: OR 0·17, 95 % CI 0·05, 0·58) compared with older age groups. Nordic cereals and alcohol were found to be the most important BSDS components related to WC. No association was observed between the BSDS and BMI. The present study suggests that combination of Nordic foods, especially cereals and moderate alcohol consumption, is likely to be inversely associated with abdominal obesity.
REINTERPRETING THE HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA
Authors: MUNGELLO D. E. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTIn the last thirty-five years there has been a fundamental reinterpretation of the history of Christianity in China. This reinterpretation has resulted from a changing atmosphere in China that has greatly reduced anti-Christian feelings and allowed for more extensive study of Chinese historical documents. In addition, there has been a remarkable growth among Chinese Christian churches. These changes have led to a reconceptualization of the role Christianity played in China's long-term history. As a result, there has been a transformation from viewing Christianity as a failed foreign graft to a creative indigenous force. This historiographical review surveys the evolution of this reinterpretation as well as the most significant recent publications on the topic.
GOVERNING ENGLAND THROUGH THE MANOR COURTS, 1550–1850
Authors: WADDELL BRODIE 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTUsing records from 113 manors in Yorkshire and elsewhere, this article surveys the changing role of manor courts in English local government over three centuries. These institutions allowed juries of established tenants to deal cheaply and easily with a variety of chronic concerns, including crime, migration, retailing, common lands, and infrastructure. Their focus varied significantly according to region, topography, settlement size, and time period, but active courts existed in most parts of the country throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Ultimately, they had many valuable functions which historians have barely begun to explore. This article thus offers the most systematic analysis to date of the role of these institutions in making and enforcing by-laws in this period, showing that many of the courts evolved to suit the changing priorities of local tenants rather than falling rapidly into ruin as has sometimes been assumed.
REFORMATION AND THE DISTRUST OF THE PROJECTOR IN THE HARTLIB CIRCLE
Authors: YAMAMOTO KOJI 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTCase-studies of the circle of Samuel Hartlib, one of the most prolific groups of reformers in post-Reformation Europe, are flourishing. The uncovering of rich details has, however, made it difficult to draw a meaningful generalization about the circle's bewilderingly wide range of activities. Focusing on the circle's promotion of ‘useful knowledge’, this article offers an analytical framework for building a new synthesis. The eclectic and seemingly chaotic pursuit of useful knowledge emerged, it will be shown, as differing responses to, and interpretations of, pervasive distrust and the pursuit of reformation. The article thus explores how loosely-shared experience shaped the circle's ambivalent practices of collaboration and exclusion. The study thereby contributes not only to studies of the Hartlib circle, but also to the historiography of post-Reformation culture and burgeoning studies of trust and credibility in the history of science and technology.