bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐first Century”– Introduction
Authors: Marotti Arthur F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis piece is the introduction to the Literature Compass special issue on ‘Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century’.The special issue is made up of the following pieces:‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Preface’, Regenia Gagnier, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 33–34, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00672.x.‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Introduction’, Arthur F. Marotti, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 35–36, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00673.x.‘Electronic Archives and Critical Editing’, Jerome McGann, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 37–42, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00674.x.‘Theorizing the Digital Scholarly Edition’, Hans Walter Gabler, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 43–56, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00675.x.‘Editing Without Walls’, Peter Robinson, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 57–61, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00676.x.‘Our Affection for Books’, Susan J. Wolfson, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 62–71, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00677.x.‘His Days Among the Dead Are No Longer Passed: Editing Robert Southey’, Lynda Pratt, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 72–81, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00678.x.‘Different Demands, Different Priorities: Electronic and Print Editions’, Stuart Curran, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 82–88, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00679.x.‘Editing Manuscripts in Print and Digital Forms’, Arthur F. Marotti, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 89–94, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00680.x.‘All of the Above: The Importance of Multiple Editions of Renaissance Manuscripts’, Steven W. May, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 95–101, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00681.x.‘Editing Early Modern Women’s Manuscripts: Theory, Electronic Editions, and the Accidental Copy‐Text’, Margaret J.M. Ezell, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 102–109, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00682.x.‘Different Strokes, Same Folk: Designing the Multi‐form Digital Edition’, Daniel Paul O’Donnell, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 110–119, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00683.x.‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– A Conclusion’, Laura Mandell, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 120–133, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00684.x.‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Combined Bibliography’, Marotti et al., Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 134–144, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00685.x.
Different Demands, Different Priorities: Electronic and Print Editions
Authors: Curran Stuart 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article is part of a Literature Compass special issue on ‘Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century’.The special issue is made up of the following pieces:‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Preface’, Regenia Gagnier, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 33–34, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00672.x.‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Introduction’, Arthur F. Marotti, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 35–36, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00673.x.‘Electronic Archives and Critical Editing’, Jerome McGann, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 37–42, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00674.x.‘Theorizing the Digital Scholarly Edition’, Hans Walter Gabler, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 43–56, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00675.x.‘Editing Without Walls’, Peter Robinson, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 57–61, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00676.x.‘Our Affection for Books’, Susan J. Wolfson, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 62–71, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00677.x.‘His Days Among the Dead Are No Longer Passed: Editing Robert Southey’, Lynda Pratt, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 72–81, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00678.x.‘Different Demands, Different Priorities: Electronic and Print Editions’, Stuart Curran, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 82–88, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00679.x.‘Editing Manuscripts in Print and Digital Forms’, Arthur F. Marotti, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 89–94, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00680.x.‘All of the Above: The Importance of Multiple Editions of Renaissance Manuscripts’, Steven W. May, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 95–101, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00681.x.‘Editing Early Modern Women’s Manuscripts: Theory, Electronic Editions, and the Accidental Copy‐Text’, Margaret J.M. Ezell, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 102–109, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00682.x.‘Different Strokes, Same Folk: Designing the Multi‐form Digital Edition’, Daniel Paul O’Donnell, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 110–119, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00683.x.‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– A Conclusion’, Laura Mandell, Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 120–133, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00684.x.‘Special Issue: “Scholarly Editing in the Twenty‐First Century”– Combined Bibliography’, Marotti et al., Literature Compass 7.2 (2010): 134–144, doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2009.00685.x.
Verbal dyspnoea score predicts emergency department departure status in patients with shortness of breath
Authors: Saracino Amanda , Weiland Tracey J , Jolly Brian , Dent Andrew W 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectives:  We examined whether a previously validated verbal dyspnoea rating scale, and/or other demographic and clinical parameters, could predict ED departure status, among ED patients presenting with shortness of breath.Methods:  In this prospective observational study, a convenience sample of patients presenting to an inner urban adult tertiary hospital ED with shortness of breath were assessed at triage using objective and subjective breathlessness parameters. These included respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, heart rate, systolic blood pressure and verbal dyspnoea scores. A verbal dyspnoea score for worst dyspnoea during the current episode and basic demographic and presentation characteristics were also collected. These variables were assessed as predictors of ED departure status (inpatient admission or ED discharge) using logistic regression.Results:  From a sample of 253 participants, verbal dyspnoea scores ≥8 predicted inpatient admission 89% specificity (95% confidence interval [CI] 82.1–93.4), and scores ≤3 predicted discharge with 95% specificity (95% CI 89.5–98.0). For patients with shortness of breath as the primary complaint, the combination of verbal dyspnoea score ≥6, heart rate ≥94 bpm at triage and ambulance arrival predicted admission with 90% sensitivity (95% CI 82–95%) and 84% specificity (95% CI 73–92%). These same variables predicted admission for all patients with 84% sensitivity (95% CI 75.8–89.2) and 79% specificity (95% CI 71.5–85.5).Conclusion:  Verbal dyspnoea score, alone and in combination with heart rate and arrival transport, can accurately predict admission. Once validated they might be useful in assessing, prioritizing and making rapid site of care decisions for breathless patients presenting to the ED.
Accuracy of bedside ultrasound for the detection of soft tissue foreign bodies by emergency doctors
Authors: Nienaber Anna , Harvey Martyn , Cave Grant 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective:  To assess the ability of emergency physicians and emergency trainees to detect soft tissue foreign bodies using typical ultrasound equipment.Methods:  Following a 20 min interactive training session, emergency physicians and emergency trainees were assessed on ability to identify subcutaneous foreign bodies (wood, glass, plastic, gravel and metal) embedded in an experimental model containing both sham and real entry point incisions. In the second phase of the experiment accuracy of detection of multiple foreign bodies was assessed in a similar sonographic phantom.Results:  Six emergency physicians and 14 emergency trainees performed a total of 400 individual sonographic examinations. Emergency physicians correctly identified 29 of 30 foreign bodies and returned sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 96.7%, 70%, 76.3% and 95.5%, respectively. Trainees correctly identified 60 of 70 foreign bodies and returned sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 85.7%, 82.9%, 83.3% and 85.3%. Correct identification of the number of foreign bodies present, when multiple, was low (25% physician vs 36% trainee).Conclusion:  These data suggest ultrasound in the hands of emergency doctors might be useful as an initial screening tool for detection of soft tissue foreign bodies.
Fine‐scale Microhabitat Heterogeneity in a French Guianan Forest
Authors: Baraloto Christopher , Couteron Pierre 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTWe examined fine‐scale heterogeneity of environmental conditions in a primary rain forest in French Guiana to describe variation in microhabitats that plants may experience during establishment. We characterized both the range as well as the spatial structuring of 11 environmental factors important for seedling establishment in six hexagonal sampling grids, one each in gap and understory sites at three points representing the predominant geomorphic units in this primary forest. Each grid contained 37 sampling points separated by 31 cm–20 m. Monte‐Carlo tests of semivariograms against complete spatial randomness indicated that for many variables in all six sampling grids, spatial dependence did not exceed 1 m. A principal component analysis of all sampling points revealed a lack of spatial microhabitat structure, rather than homogeneous patches associated with canopy structure or geomorphology. Our results suggest that ample fine‐scale spatial heterogeneity exists to support the coexistence of plant species with differential abiotic requirements for regeneration.
Origin of fayalitic olivine rims and lath‐shaped matrix olivine in the CV3 chondrite Allende and its dark inclusions
Authors: KROT Alexander N. , SCOTT Edward R. D. , ZOLENSKY Michael E. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract— We have studied an Allende dark inclusion by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The inclusion consists of chondrules, isolated olivines and matrix, which, as in the Allende host, is mainly composed of 5–20 μm long lath‐shaped fayalitic grains with a narrow compositional range (Fa42 ± 2) and nepheline. Olivine phenocrysts in chondrules and isolated olivine grains show various degrees of replacement by 5–10 μm wide fayalitic rims (Fa39 ± 2) and 100–1000 μm wide translucent zones, which consist of 5–20 μm long lath‐shaped fayalitic grains (Fa41 ± 1) intergrown with nepheline. These fayalitic olivines, like those in the matrix of the dark inclusion, contain 10–20 nm sized inclusions of chromite, hercynite, and Fe‐Ni sulfides. The fayalitic rims around remnant olivines are texturally and compositionally identical to those in Allende host, suggesting that they have similar origins. Chondrules are surrounded by opaque rims consisting of tiny lath‐shaped fayalitic olivines (<1–3 μm long) intergrown with nepheline. As in the Allende host, fayalitic olivine veins may crosscut altered chondrules, fine‐grained chondrule rims and extend into the matrix, indicating that alteration occurred after accretion.We infer that fayalitic olivine rims and lath‐shaped fayalites in Allende and its dark inclusions formed from phyllosilicate intermediate phases. This explanation accounts for (1) the similarity of the replacement textures observed in the dark inclusion and Allende host to aqueous alteration textures in CM chondrites; (2) the anomalously high abundances of Al and Cr and the presence of tiny inclusions of spinels and sulfides in fayalitic olivines in Allende and Allende dark inclusions; (3) abundant voids and defects in lath‐shaped fayalites in the Allende dark inclusion, which may be analogous to those in partly dehydrated phyllosilicates in metamorphosed CM/CI chondrites. We conclude that the matrix and chondrule rims in Allende were largely converted to phyllosilicates and then completely dehydrated. The Allende dark inclusions experienced diverse degrees of aqueous/hydrothermal alteration prior to complete dehydration. The absence of low‐Ca pyroxene in the dark inclusion and its significant replacement by fayalitic olivine in Allende is consistent with the lower resistance of low‐Ca pyroxene to aqueous alteration relative to forsteritic olivine. Hydro‐thermal processing of Allende probably also accounts for the low abundance of planetary noble gases and interstellar grains, and the formation of nepheline, sodalite, salite‐hedenbergite pyroxenes, wollastonite, kirschsteinite and andradite in chondrules and Ca,Al‐rich inclusions.
Magnetic investigations of the West Hawk, Deep Bay and Clearwater impact structures, Canada
Authors: SCOTT Ronald G. , PILKINGTON Mark , TANCZYK Elizabeth I. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract— Due to the effects of erosion, tectonism and burial, impact structures are often obscured or destroyed. Geophysical methods are increasingly being used in detecting the signatures of impact structures. While gravity lows associated with impact structures are well understood, associated magnetic anomaly lows are not. In this study, drill cores from three Canadian impact structures were analyzed for rock magnetic properties and mineralogy, in order to explain the magnetic anomaly lows associated with these structures. Samples from the drill cores were cut and measured for anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and natural remanent magnetization (NRM) parameters. Drill cores from the twin impact craters of the Clearwater structure exhibited different NRM characteristics, and samples from their respective drill cores were subject to demagnetization by alternating field and thermal techniques. The difference noted in their NRM characteristics was attributed to the acquisition of a viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) at depth in Clearwater East.At all three structures, both magnetic susceptibilities and remanent magnetizations are well below regional values in impact generated breccias, melt rocks, shocked crystalline rocks, and in postimpact sedimentary infill. The processes of brecciation, alteration, shock, and infill by nonmagnetic sediments contribute to the development of the magnetic lows. However, a significant contribution to the observed magnetic anomalies was found, by first‐order forward modelling, to arise from basement rocks beneath the impact structures. This zone of reduced magnetization may be caused by the partial demagnetization of magnetite by the impact‐induced transient stress wave traveling away from the point of impact.
Cooling rates of diogenites: A study of Fe2+‐Mg ordering in orthopyroxene by single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction
Authors: ZEMA MICHELE , DOMENEGHETTI M. CHIARA , MOLIN G. MARIO , TAZZOLI VITTORIO 
Published: February 2010

Abstract— The iron‐magnesium exchange between M1 and M2 sites in orthopyroxene is a reversible reaction that records the latest event in the thermal evolution of the host rock. A kinetic analysis of this process has been applied to 16 orthopyroxene single crystals from 7 different diogenites to constrain the cooling history of their parent body. The Fe2+‐Mg ordering degrees have been determined by single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction. The Fe2+‐Mg ordering closure temperatures were very homogeneous within each sample and ranged, for all diogenites studied, between 311 ± 29 °C and 408 ± 10 °C. Cooling rates at these closure temperatures were calculated using a numerical method developed by Ganguly (1982). These ranged between ∼5 °C/104 year in Johnstown and ∼0.8 °C/year in Roda.A comparison with other achondrites studied with the same method showed that increasing closure temperatures correspond to increasing cooling rates and that meteorites from a same parent body exhibit similar closure temperature and cooling rate values.The cooling rates obtained for these diogenites, at their low closure temperatures, should probably be ascribed to a complex thermal history of their parent body, thus confirming Miyamoto and Takeda's theory (1994a) of excavation of deep crustal material due to impact events. The differences on cooling rate values for different diogenites could be due to different burial depths in the fragment ejected from the parent body.
Carbon in howardite, eucrite and diogenite basaltic achondrites
Authors: GRADY M. M. , WRIGHT I. P. , PILLINGER C. T. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract—The C contents and isotopic compositions of four eucrites, four diogenites and two howardites have been determined. Stepped heating in an O atmosphere was employed to convert selectively different carbonaceous materials to CO2gas at various temperatures. This technique successfully distinguishes between terrestrial contaminants and indigenous C. With the exception of the Kapoeta howardite, the howardite, eucrite, and diogenite (HED) meteorites contain ∼10–30 ppm indigenous C with δ13C between −29% and −19%. Kapoeta (a regolith breccia) has an elevated C content and δ13C, due to the presence of13C‐enriched carbonate minerals (δ13C ∼ +20%) in CM2‐ or CR2‐like clasts. The range in δ13C displayed by HED samples is similar to that of other solar system basalts, such as lunar rocks and Martian meteorites but distinctly different from that of the terrestrial mantle.The diogenites have a slightly lower total C yield and higher δ13C than the eucrites, which is a result of degassing of trapped CO/CC2/CO2–3from the silicate lattice during metamorphism or annealing. However, three out of the four diogenites studied appear to contain a discrete component, possibly of graphitic C coating silicate grains, that is seemingly unaffected by the extended annealing period experienced by the diogenites. It is possible that this component might host the indigenous primitive Xe recently identified in diogenites.
Effects of liquid immiscibility on trace element fractionation in magmatic iron meteorites: A case study of group IIIAB
Authors: ULFF‐MØLLER FINN 
Published: February 2010

Abstract— Magmatic iron meteorites are generally agreed to represent metal that crystallized in asteroidal cores from a large pool of liquid. Estimates suggest that the metallic liquid contained significant amounts of S and P, both of which are incompatible and exert a strong effect on trace element partitioning. In tandem, S and P are also prone to cause immiscibility between sulfide liquid and P‐rich metal liquid. The liquid immiscibility field occupies ∼70% of the portion of the Fe‐Ni‐S‐P system in which Fe is the first phase to crystallize. In spite of this, previous fractional crystallization models have taken into account only one liquid phase and have encountered significant discrepancies between the meteorite data and model values for the key elements Ni, Ir, Ga, Ge and Au at even moderate degrees of fractionation.For the first time, a model for trace element partitioning between immiscible liquids in the Fe‐Ni‐S‐P system is presented in order to assess the effects on fractionation in magmatic iron meteorite groups. The onset of liquid immiscibility causes a significant change in the enrichment patterns of S and P in both liquids; so elements with contrasting partitioning behavior will show trends deviating clearly from one‐liquid trends. A trend recorded in the solid metal will either be a smooth curve as long as equilibrium is maintained between the two liquids or the trend may diverge into a field limited by two extreme curves depending on the degree of disequilibrium. Bulk initial liquids for most magmatic groups have S/P (wt%) ratios well below 25. In these cases and due to the constitution of the Fe‐Ni‐S‐P system, most of the metal will crystallize from the rapidly decreasing volume of metal liquid and only a subordinate amount from the sulfide liquid. Because of the strong extraction of P into the metal liquid, P will have a much larger influence on trace element partitioning than a low initial P content might suggest.My model calculations suggest that liquid immiscibility played a significant role during the solidification of the IIIAB parent body's core. The two‐liquid model reproduces the IIIAB trends more closely than previous one‐liquid models and can account for: (a) the general widening of the IIIAB trend with increasing Ni and decreasing Ir contents, (b) the occurrence of high‐Ni members that are not strongly depleted in Ir, Ga and Ge; and (c) an upper limit at ∼11 wt% Ni where the metal liquid was almost consumed.
Compositional variation and mixing of impact melts on microscopic scales
Authors: SEE T. H. , WAGSTAFF J. , YANG V. , HÖRZ F. , MCKAY G. A. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract— We investigated the compositional characteristics of schlieren‐rich, holohyaline impact glasses from Ries, Wabar, and Meteor Crater using a Cameca SX 100 scanning electron microprobe. This instrument is capable of producing detailed maps of major elements at spatial resolutions of <10 μm. The objective was to characterize the composition of an unusually large number of individual schlieren and to evaluate details of the process that causes melts of lithologically diverse target rocks to mix on scales of micrometers. The Ries and Meteor Crater impacts involved lithologically heterogeneous targets; whereas, Wabar Crater formed in relatively uniform dune sand.Texturally heterogeneous, schlieren‐rich glasses from the Ries Crater illustrate that schlieren of highly variable color can be surprisingly similar in composition, as first detailed by Stähle (1972). Consistent with these earlier findings, most schlieren represent mixtures of diverse rock melts; their compositions deviate only subtly from the average melt and do not resemble monomineralic melts nor binary mixtures of major rock‐forming minerals. A specific population of schlieren is enriched in mafic elements (Mg, Fe, and Ca), which suggests incomplete homogenization of an amphibolite progenitor. In the case of Wabar Crater, a compositionally simple melt of dune sand mixed with projectile (IIIA iron meteorite) materials, and specific schlieren are variable mixtures of these two progenitors. The optically homogeneous glass from Meteor Crater is compositionally homogeneous as well, which suggests ideal mixing of such diverse lithologies as platform carbonates, sandstone, and a class IIIA iron meteorite.The mixing of projectile and target melts at Wabar and Meteor Crater unambiguously demonstrates that melts initially produced in distinctly different stratigraphic/structural locations will undergo wholesale mixing, if not homogenization. Also, the projectile melts unquestionably formed relatively early in the cratering process, and their dissemination throughout the prospective melt volume, albeit at variable concentration levels, suggests that the entire mixing process may be an early cratering feature. This also follows from the fact that we investigated ballistic melt ejecta, which thereby eliminates all of those mixing processes that may additionally operate during the pooling and generation of massive melt‐ponds following gravitational collapse of large, structurally complex craters. Substantial turbulence ranging from field dimensions to microscopic scales seems inescapable to accomplish the observed degree of mixing, yet this is not readily inferred from current models of macroscopic material motions during hypervelocity impact.