bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass‐forming autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma: Differential diagnosis on the basis of computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and diffusion‐weighted imaging findings
Authors: Muhi Ali , Ichikawa Tomoaki , Motosugi Utaroh , Sou Hironobu , Sano Katsuhiro , Tsukamoto Tatsuaki , Fatima Zareen , Araki Tsutomu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPurpose:To differentiate mass‐forming autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) from pancreatic carcinoma by means of analysis of both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.Materials and Methods:Ten patients with mass‐forming AIP diagnosed by revised clinical criteria of Japan Pancreas Society and 70 patients with pathologically proven pancreatic carcinoma were enrolled in this retrospective study. Two radiologists independently evaluated the CT and MR imaging findings. The sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio of significant imaging findings and combinations of findings were calculated.Results:Seven findings were more frequently observed in AIP patients: (i) early homogeneous good enhancement, (ii) delayed homogeneous good enhancement, (iii) hypoattenuating capsule‐like rim, (iv) absence of distal pancreatic atrophy, (v5) duct penetrating sign, (vi) main pancreatic duct (MPD) upstream dilatation ≤ 4 mm, and (vii) an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) ≤ 0.88 × 10−3 mm2/s. When the findings of delayed homogeneous enhancement and ADC ≤ 0.88 × 10−3 mm2/s were both used in diagnosis of mass‐forming AIP, a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100% were achieved. When 4 of any of the 7 findings were used in the diagnosis of AIP, a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 98% were achieved.Conclusion:Analysis of a combination of CT and MR imaging findings allows for highly accurate differentiation between mass‐forming AIP and pancreatic carcinoma. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:827–836. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modulatory effects of acupuncture on resting‐state networks: A functional MRI study combining independent component analysis and multivariate granger causality analysis
Authors: Zhong Chongguang , Bai Lijun , Dai Ruwei , Xue Ting , Wang Hu , Feng Yuanyuan , Liu Zhenyu , You Youbo , Chen Shangjie , Tian Jie 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPurpose:To investigate acupuncture specificity by exploring causal relationships of brain networks following acupuncture at GB40 (Qiuxu), with the acupoint KI3 (Taixi) as a control (belonging to the same nerve segment but different meridians).Materials and Methods:Needling at acupoints GB40 and KI3 was performed in 12 subjects separately. The specific coherent patterns, resting‐state networks (RSNs), were retrieved by independent component analysis (ICA) from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of resting state and post‐acupuncture resting states, respectively. Then multivariate Granger causality analysis (mGCA) was applied to evaluate the effective connectivity within and among the detected RSNs—default model, memory, executive, auditory, and motor brain networks.Results:Following acupuncture at GB40, the strength of causal connectivity between the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and anterior insula was enhanced, while the connection strength between the STG and postcentral gyrus increased following acupuncture at KI3. Additionally, the causal influences within the auditory network increased following acupuncture at GB40, in comparison with the executive network following acupuncture at KI3.Conclusion:The current study demonstrates that acupuncture at different acupoints could exert different modulatory effects on RSNs. Our findings may help to understand the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying acupuncture specificity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:572‐581. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variation of noise in multi‐run functional MRI using generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA)
Authors: Cheng Hu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the noise variation in multi‐run functional MRI (fMRI) scans using generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA), with a focus on the cause of this variation.Materials and Methods:A phantom was continuously scanned for 10 runs using echo‐planar imaging (EPI) combined with GRAPPA to simulate a multi‐run fMRI exam. The variation of noise between runs was examined for different GRAPPA acceleration factors. The noise variation was also evaluated in a real fMRI experiment with human subjects at an acceleration factor of two. The cause of noise variation was explored by offline reconstruction using different GRAPPA weights and numerical simulation of GRAPPA reference scans.Results:It was found that the noise distribution in the image is stable within a run but may vary randomly from run to run. The variation of noise was also observed in fMRI experiments with human subjects. The variation can be significantly reduced if all the images from individual runs are reconstructed using the same reference scan data.Conclusion:Both phantom experiments and human data showed that the noise pattern may change in different fMRI runs. The variation is mainly caused by the random noise in separate reference scans for GRAPPA in each run. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;462‐470. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphology of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Historical perspectives
Authors: Appelman Henry D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAbout 2/3 of gastrointestinal stromal tumors occur in the stomach and about 1/5 in the small intestine with few in the rectum, colon, and esophagus. Their cells are related to the interstitial cells of Cajal. They differ by site in terms of cell type and growth pattern. Benign and malignant tumors are separated based on their light microscopic appearances, size as measured by innumerable pathologists and assistants and mitotic counts. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:874–881. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of Gold Nanoparticle– Poly(L‐menthyl methacrylate) Conjugates via ATRP Polymerization
Authors: Gries Katharina , Bubel Kathrin , Wohlfahrt Malte , Agarwal Seema , Koert Ulrich , Greiner Andreas 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPoly(L‐menthyl methacrylate) (PMenMA) is synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl L‐mentholacrylate using bis[2‐(2‐bromoisobutyrooxy)ethyl]disulfide] ((BiBOE)2)S2) as the ATRP coinitiator. Reduction of hydrogen tetrachloroaureate(III) (HAuCl4 ·3 H2O) by Super‐Hydride in the presence of PMenMA yields gold nanoparticles (AuNP)–PMenMA conjugates in the size range of 2–20 nm, depending on the ratio of PMenMA and HAuCl4. AuNP–PMenMA is characterized by TEM, NMR, IR‐, and UV‐spectroscopy. The correlation of the ratio of (AuNP)–PMenMA conjugates and free PMenMA is analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
The methylation patterns of the IGF2 and IGF2R genes in bovine spermatozoa are not affected by flow‐cytometric sex sorting
Authors: Carvalho José O. , Michalczechen‐Lacerda Valquíria A. , Sartori Roberto , Rodrigues Fernanda C. , Bravim Otávio , Franco Maurício M. , Dode Margot A.N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of sexing by flow cytometry on the methylation patterns of the IGF2 and IGF2R genes. Frozen‐thawed, unsorted, and sex‐sorted sperm samples from four Nellore bulls were used. Each ejaculate was separated into three fractions: non‐sexed (NS), sexed for X‐sperm (SX), and sexed for Y‐sperm (SY). Sperm were isolated from the extender, cryoprotectant, and other cell types by centrifugation on a 40:70% Percoll gradient, and sperm pellets were used for genomic DNA isolation. DNA was used for analyses of the methylation patterns by bisulfite sequencing. Methylation status of the IGF2 and IGF2R genes were evaluated by sequencing 195 and 147 individual clones, respectively. No global differences in DNA methylation were found between NS, SX, and SY groups for the IGF2 (P = 0.09) or IGF2R genes (P = 0.38). Very specific methylation patterns were observed in the 25th and 26th CpG sites in the IGF2R gene. representing higher methylation in NS than in the SX and SY groups compared with the other CpG sites. Further, individual variation in methylation patterns was found among bulls. In conclusion, the sex‐sorting procedure by flow cytometry did not affect the overall DNA methylation patterns of the IGF2 and IGF2R genes, although individual variation in their methylation patterns among bulls was observed. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79:77–84, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Image Analysis of Small Pulmonary Nodules Identified by Computed Tomography
Authors: Henschke Claudia I. , Yankelevitz David F. , Reeves Anthony P. , Cham Matthew D. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDetection of small pulmonary nodules has markedly increased as computed tomography (CT) technology has advanced and interpretation evolved from viewing small CT images on film to magnified images on large, high‐resolution computer monitors. Despite these advances, determining the etiology of a lung nodule short of major surgery remains problematic. Initial nodule size is a major criterion in evaluating the risk for malignancy, and the majority of CT detected nodules are <10 mm in diameter. Also, the likelihood that the nodule is a lung cancer increases with increasing age and smoking history, and such clinical information needs to be integrated into algorithms that guide the workup of such nodules. Baseline and annual repeat screening results are also very helpful in developing and assessing the usefulness of such algorithms. Based on CT morphology, subtypes of nodules have been identified; today nodules are routinely classified as being solid, part‐solid, or nonsolid. It has been shown that part‐solid nodules have a higher frequency of being malignant than solid or nonsolid ones. Other nodule characteristics such as spiculation are useful, although granulomas and fibrosis also have such features, so these characteristics have not been as useful as nodule‐growth assessment. Depending on the aggressiveness of the lung cancer and the size of the nodule when it is initially seen, a follow‐up CT scan 1–3 months after the first CT scan can identify those nodules with growth at a malignant rate. Software has been developed by all CT scanner manufacturers for such growth assessment, but the inherent variability of such assessments needs further development. Nodule‐growth assessment based on 2‐dimensional approaches is limited; therefore, software has been developed for the 3‐dimensional assessment of growth. Different approaches for such growth assessment have been developed, either using automated computer segmentation techniques or hybrid methods that allow the radiologist to adjust such segmentation. There are, however, inherent reasons for variability in such measurements that need to be carefully considered, and this, together with continued technologic advances and integration of the relevant clinical information, will allow for individualization of the algorithms for the workup of small pulmonary nodules. Mt Sinai J Med 78:882–893, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Risk factors for elevated INR values during warfarin therapy in hospitalized pediatric patients
Authors: Moffett Brady S. , Ung Meng , Bomgaars Lisa 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundThere are currently no data describing the incidence of or risk factors for elevated International Normalized Ratio (INR) values in patients receiving warfarin at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. By minimizing risk factors for elevated INR values patient morbidity may be minimized.ProceduresA 6‐year retrospective chart review of inpatient admissions at our institution that received warfarin was performed. Factors for elevated INR values, such as patient demographics, disease state, and medication interactions were reviewed. Patients with an INR value ≥ 0.5 above the upper limit of the goal range were compared to patients without an elevated INR value. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent variables for elevated INR values.ResultsA total of 298 patient admissions (184 patients) met study criteria, and the largest patient population was between 1 and 12 years old (36.9%). The most common indication for warfarin was mitral valve replacement (25.5%). An elevated INR occurred in 20.8% of admissions. Logistic regression analysis identified Asian race, an elevated baseline INR value, warfarin initiation after cardiac surgery, days of inpatient warfarin therapy, and drug interactions with ciprofloxacin and lansoprazole as independent variables for an elevated INR value (P < 0.05). Obesity was significant as an independent variable for a non‐elevated INR value (P < 0.05).ConclusionsElevated INR values occur often in patients receiving warfarin while admitted to a tertiary care pediatric facility and modifiable risk factors exist for elevated INR values. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 941–944. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of Headspace Solid‐phase Microextraction, Headspace Single‐drop Microextraction and Hydrodistillation for Chemical Screening of Volatiles in Myrtus Communis L
Authors: Moradi Mohammad , Kaykhaii Massoud , Ghiasvand Ali Reza , Shadabi Shahriar , Salehinia Alinazar 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionHeadspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and headspace single‐drop microextraction (HS‐SDME) methods have never been used for the extraction and analysis of the volatile compounds of Myrtus communis. For that reason, in this work, these two techniques were compared with the traditional hydrodistillation (HD) extraction technique.ObjectiveTo compare SPME and SDME with HD for the extraction and analysis of Myrtus communis volatiles.MethodologyThree extraction methods, i.e. SPME, SDME and HD, coupled to gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry were used and optimised for the analysis of Myrtus communis volatiles. The SPME extraction was performed on a 100 µm PDMS fibre and for SDME a drop of n‐octadecane containing 0.7% of menthol as internal standard was used as extracting solvent. The results were compared from different viewpoints including efficiency of extraction, different kinds of species extracted and quantity of extracted compounds with HD.ResultsThe main analytes extracted by SPME were found to be α‐pinene, limonene, 1,8‐cineole, linalool, linalyl acetate, α‐terpinyl acetate and geranyl acetate, whereas for SDME α‐pinene, limonene, 1,8‐cineole, linalool, linalyl acetate and β‐myrcene were extracted as major components. Hydrodistillation could extract α‐pinene, limonene, 1,8‐cineole, linalool, α‐terpineol, linalyl acetate, α‐terpinyl acetate, geranyl acetate and cis‐isoeugenol better than other volatiles from Myrtus communis.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that HS‐SPME and HS‐SDME can be applied successfully for the extraction and separation of volatiles in aromatic plants, and these techniques are easier to perform, and more effective than HD for collection of more volatile compounds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of proteome and frost tolerance in chromosome 5A and 5B reciprocal substitution lines between two winter wheats during long‐term cold acclimation
Authors: Vítámvás Pavel , Prášil Ilja T. , Kosová Klára , Planchon Sébastien , Renaut Jenny 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDynamics of cold tolerance and crown proteome composition has been analysed in a set of two winter wheat cultivars Mironovskaya 808 and Bezostaya 1 and four reciprocal substitution lines with interchanged chromosomes 5A and 5B during a long‐term cold‐acclimation (CA) treatment. Proteome analysis has revealed 298 differently abundant spots during experiment. Most of them (260) were changed due to CA process and only 52 spots displayed differences between genotypes. Two hundred and seven protein spots were successfully identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Comparison of samples before and after vernalization fulfillment by a combination of ANOVA and Student' T‐test displayed ten differentially abundant protein spots (e.g. chopper chaperones). However, differences in the accumulation of these spots did not reflect differences in vernalization requirement of genotypes. Therefore, our results indicate that vernalization process has not influenced total proteome of CA wheat crowns. A few protein spots (14 spots; e.g. malate dehydrogenase) revealed differential accumulation levels between the individual genotypes or their groups possessing chromosome 5A or 5B from Mironovskaya 808 versus Bezostaya 1. The study has shown the effect of chromosome 5A on physiological traits and also proteome in winter wheat. Putative candidate protein markers for cold tolerance in wheat are discussed.
Proteomic analysis of urinary biomarker candidates for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Lindén Mårten , Lind Sara Bergström , Mayrhofer Corina , Segersten Ulrika , Wester Kenneth , Lyutvinskiy Yaroslav , Zubarev Roman , Malmström Per‐Uno , Pettersson Ulf 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNonmuscle invasive tumors of the bladder often recur and thereby bladder cancer patients need regular re‐examinations which are invasive, unpleasant, and expensive. A noninvasive and less expensive method, e.g. a urine dipstick test, for monitoring recurrence would thus be advantageous. In this study, the complementary techniques mass spectrometry (MS) and Western blotting (WB)/dot blot (DB) were used to screen the urine samples from bladder cancer patients. High resolving MS was used to analyze and quantify the urinary proteome and 29 proteins had a significantly higher abundance (p<0.05) in bladder cancer samples compared with control urine samples. The increased abundance found in urine from bladder cancer patients compared with controls was confirmed with Western blot for four selected proteins; fibrinogen β chain precursor, apolipoprotein E, α‐1‐antitrypsin, and leucine‐rich α‐2‐glycoprotein 1. Dot blot analysis of an independent urine sample set pointed out fibrinogen β chain and α‐1‐antitrypsin as most interesting biomarkers having sensitivity and specificity values in the range of 66–85%. Exploring the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) also revealed that bladder cancer tumors are the likely source of these proteins. They have the potential of being useful in diagnosis, monitoring of recurrence and thus may improve the treatment of bladder tumors, especially nonmuscle invasive tumors.
14‐3‐3ε marks the amyloid‐stimulated microglia long‐term activation
Authors: Di Francesco Laura , Correani Virginia , Fabrizi Cinzia , Fumagalli Lorenzo , Mazzanti Michele , Maras Bruno , Schininà M. Eugenia 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMicroglia‐mediated inflammation in the central nervous system is a hallmark of the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Microglial cells activation follows the deposition of amyloid β fibrils and it is generally considered a triggering factor in the early steps of the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Although the initial engagement of microglia seems to play a neuroprotective role, many lines of evidence indicate that a persistent activation with the production of proinflammatory molecules contributes to dismantle neuronal activity and to induce neuronal loss occurring in neurodegenerative diseases. To date, limited proteomic data are available on activated microglial cells in response to extracellular amyloidogenic peptides. In this study, murine microglial cells have been employed to investigate the effects of amyloid β peptides in triggering microglial activation. The response was monitored at the proteome level through a two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis‐based approach. Results show only a limited number of differentially expressed proteins, among these a more acidic species of the cytosolic actin, and the 14‐3‐3ε protein, found significantly upregulated in Aβ‐activated cells. 14‐3‐3ε belongs to a regulatory protein family involved in important cellular processes, including those leading to neurodegenerative diseases, and thus its increased expression suggests a role of this protein in tuning microglia activation.
Investigation of the effect of hyperglycemia on intracerebral hemorrhage by proteomic approaches
Authors: Chiu Cheng‐Di , Chen Tze‐Yung , Chin Li‐Te , Shen Chiung‐Chyi , Huo Jie , Ma Shin‐Yi , Chen Han‐Min , Chu Chi‐Hong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high mortality and disability, and hyperglycemia worsens the clinical and neurological outcomes of patients with ICH. In this study, we utilized proteomic approaches to investigate the role of hyperglycemia in ICH. Hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in adult Sprague–Dawley male rats; ICH was induced by stereotaxic infusion of collagenase/heparin into the right striatum. It was observed that the size of induced hemorrhage was significantly larger in the hyperglycemic group (n=6 in each group). On the first day after ICH, an apparent decrease in the bilateral grasp was also observed for the lesioned hyperglycemic rats compared with normoglycemic ones. When employing 2‐DE and MS to examine the proteomes of perihematomal and control regions in individual hyperglycemic and normoglycemic rats, eight differentially expressed protein targets were identified. Most noteworthy, in response to ICH significant increase of albumin was ubiquitously observed in the brains of normoglycemic rats but not in the brains of hyperglycemic rats. Coincidentally, more significant neuronal apoptosis were found in the perihematomal regions of hyperglycemic rats. These observations described suggest the protection role of albumin in acute stage of ICH, which may be dependent on different blood sugar levels.
Silver nanoparticle decorated ZnO nanorod arrays on AZO films for light absorption enhancement
Authors: Ko Yeong Hwan , Yu Jae Su 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe silver (Ag) nanoparticle (NP) decorated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays (NRAs) on aluminum‐doped ZnO (AZO) coated glass substrates were fabricated by the wet chemical synthesis of ZnO and a subsequent thermal evaporation of Ag without thermal annealing. The optical properties of ZnO NRAs with different sized Ag NPs were investigated for light absorption enhancement, in comparison with the Ag on glass substrate. The nominal size and the amount of Ag NPs were controlled by changing the evaporation time. As the evaporation time was increased from 200 to 1000 s, the amount of Ag NPs of ≲ 50 nm attached to ZnO NRAs was increased, leading to a significant increase of light absorption due to the enhanced localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) compared to the Ag on glass substrate. However, at a long evaporation time of 2000 s, the evaporated Ag did not exhibit the peak of LSPR because the deposited Ag NPs become excessively agglomerated. At evaporation times of 200–1000 s, the resonance peaks of the ZnO NRAs with Ag NPs were observed at λ ∼ 463–508 nm. After evaporating at 1000 s, the peak absorptance of 94% was achieved.
The field emission of Cu‐doped ZnO
Authors: Ye Fan , Cai Xing‐Min , Dai Fu‐Ping , Jing Shou‐Yong , Zhang Dong‐Ping , Fan Ping , Liu Li‐Jun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCu‐doped ZnO films were deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering at room temperature in an atmosphere of argon and oxygen. The properties of Cu‐doped ZnO films were characterized and their field emission was studied. The field emission is related to the defect energy levels of Zn interstitials. Cu doping can weaken the field emission by reducing the number of Zn interstitials, deteriorating the crystalline quality and forming electron traps. The content of Cu has to be carefully controlled to achieve a field emission with a large current density and a low threshold voltage.