bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dactinomycin and vincristine toxicity in the treatment of childhood cancer: A retrospective study from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Langholz Bryan , Skolnik Jeffrey M. , Barrett Jeffrey S. , Renbarger Jamie , Seibel Nita L. , Zajicek Anne , Arndt Carola A.S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundDactinomycin (AMD) and vincristine (VCR) have been used for the treatment of childhood cancer over the past 40 years but evidence‐based dosing guidance is lacking.MethodsPatient AMD and VCR dose and drug‐related adverse event (AE) information from four rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and two Wilms tumor (WT) studies were assembled. Statistical modeling was used to account for differences in AE data collection across studies, develop rate models for grade 3/4 CTCAE v3 hepatic‐ (AMD) and neuro‐ (VCR) toxicity, assess variation in toxicity rates over age and other factors, and predict toxicity risk under current dosing guidelines.ResultsFor the same dose/body size, AMD toxicity rates were higher in patients <1 year than older patients and VCR toxicity rates increased with age. The statistical model provided estimates for AMD and VCR toxicity risk under current dosing schedules and indicated that patients of smaller body size were at lower risk of VCR toxicity than larger patients of the same age. The rate of AMD toxicity was highest early in treatment and was lower in patients who tolerated initial AMD without toxicity.ConclusionThe observed decrease in AMD toxicity rate with cumulative dose may indicate sensitivity in a subgroup of patients while the observed increase in VCR toxicity risk with age may indicate changing sensitivity to VCR. Current dosing practices result in a fairly uniform toxicity profile within age group. However, PK/PD studies should be done to provide further provide further information on best dosing guidelines. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 252–257. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term clinical outcomes following treatment of childhood craniopharyngioma
Authors: Winkfield Karen M. , Tsai Henry K. , Yao Xiaopan , Larson Elysia , Neuberg Donna , Pomeroy Scott L. , Ullrich Nicole J. , Cohen Laurie E. , Kieran Mark W. , Scott R. Michael , Goumnerova Liliana C. , Marcus Karen J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPurposeTo review our institution's experience with treatment of craniopharyngioma in children, and to report long‐term treatment outcomes stratified by treatment era to assess whether modern treatment techniques result in improvements in local control and survival.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of 100 children who underwent surgery for craniopharygioma at Children's Hospital Boston (CHB) from August 1976 to March 2003. Of these, 79 children (median age 8.5 years) had initial treatment at CHB and sufficient follow‐up data to be included in this analysis. We report their treatment course, recurrence rates, and treatment‐related morbidity. We compared the results in two different treatment eras based on changes in surgical approach at CHB.ResultsThirty‐six patients underwent initial treatment with surgery alone; 63% treated prior to 1988 recurred and 36% treated after 1988 recurred. Recurrence rates following combined modality therapy (CMT) with limited surgery followed by radiation were 21 and 5% in the pre‐ and post‐1988 eras, respectively. Accounting for treatment era, patients treated with surgery alone were 7.7 times as likely to recur as those treated with CMT (95%CI: 2.0, 28.7). In the Cox regression model, there was no significant difference in local control or overall survival based on treatment era; initial treatment remained the only statistically significant variable (P = 0.02).ConclusionsAdvancements in treatment techniques have improved local control in children diagnosed with craniopharyngioma. The excellent survival rates necessitate long‐term patient follow‐up to identify and manage any treatment‐related effects, including second tumors, vascular abnormalities, and endocrinopathies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:1120–1126. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The reaction of •OH with O2, the decay of O and the pKa of HO – interrelated questions in aqueous free‐radical chemistry
Authors: Naumov Sergej , von Sonntag Clemens 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the reactions of ozone with organic compounds in aqueous solution, O is an abundant intermediate. A basic aspect of its conversion into •OH is addressed here. The reactions O•− + O2 ⇄ O (1), H+ + O•− ⇄ •OH (8), •OH + O2 ⇄ HO (6), and H+ + O ⇄ HO (5) are interconnected by a thermodynamic cycle. For equilibria (1) and (8) reliable equilibrium constants, and hence Gibbs energies are available (ΔG0(1) = −32 kJ mol−1, ΔG0(8) = 67 kJ mol−1). For reaction (6), a Gibbs energy of ΔG0(6) = 47 kJ mol−1 (K6 = 10−8.2 M) has now been calculated by G1. From the thermodynamic cycle one hence arrives at ΔG0(5) = −12 kJ mol−1. This relates to pKa(HO) = −2.1. Thus, the HO radical is a very strong acid. This value agrees with a value of −2.0 obtained from the Bielski and Schwarz relationship for pKa values of OxHy compounds. Reaction (6) must be very slow, 0.1 < k6 < 104 M−1 s−1. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New carbazole‐based conjugated polymers containing pyridylvinyl thiophene units for polymer solar cell applications: Morphological stabilization through hydrogen bonding
Authors: Hsu So‐Lin , Chen Chia‐Min , Cheng Yu‐Hsin , Wei Kung‐Hwa 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe have synthesized two conjugated polymers (P1, P2) containing alternating electron‐donating and ‐accepting units, based on N‐alkyl‐2,7‐carbazole, 4,7‐di(thiophen‐5‐yl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole and 3‐[2‐(4‐pyridyl)vinyl]thiophene units. These conjugated polymers contained different contents of pyridine units, which were incorporated to form hydrogen bonds with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid (PCBA). When these hydrogen bonding interactions were present in the polymer thin films, their thermal stability improved; deterioration, which occurred through aggregation of PCBA methyl ester after lengthy annealing times, was also suppressed. The power conversion efficiency of a device incorporating the film featuring hydrogen bonding interactions remained at 75% of the original value after thermal annealing for 5 h at 140 °C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
New conjugated copolymers based on benzo[1,2‐b; 3,4‐b′]dithiophene and derivatives of benzo[g]quinoxaline for bulk heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Lee Po‐I , Lien‐Chung Hsu Steve , Lee Jung Feng , Chuang Hung‐Yi , Lin Piyun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA series of new low‐band gap copolymers based on dioctyloxybenzo[1,2‐b;3,4‐b′] dithiophene and bis(2‐thienyl)‐2,3‐diphenylbenzo[g]quinoxaline monomers have been synthesized via a Stille reaction. The effect of different functional groups attached to bis(2‐thienyl)‐2,3‐diphenylbenzo[g]quinoxaline was investigated and compared with their optical, electrochemical, hole mobility, and photovoltaic properties. Polymer solar cell (PSC) devices of the copolymers were fabricated with a configuration of ITO/ PEDOT: PSS/copolymers: PCBM (1:4 wt ratio)/Ca/Al. The best performance of the PSC device was obtained by using PbttpmobQ as the active layer. A power conversion efficiency of 1.42% with an open‐circuit voltage of 0.8 V, a short‐circuit current (JSC) of 5.73 mA cm−2, and a fill factor of 30.9% was achieved under the illumination of AM 1.5, 100 mW cm−2. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Skilled migration from Europe to Australia
Authors: Khoo Siew‐Ean , Hugo Graeme , McDonald Peter 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBritain and many other European countries have been important sources of settler migration to Australia for more than two hundred years. While the sources of settler migration to Australia have diversified in the last thirty years to include non‐European countries, with the current emphasis on skills in Australia's migration policy, many skilled people from Europe are coming to Australia both as settlers and as temporary migrants. This paper examines Europe as a source of both permanent and temporary skilled migration to Australia in recent years. It looks at the trend in migration from European countries to Australia from the 1960s to the present, noting the changes in patterns over time, both in terms of type of migration and source countries. It then focuses on European migration to Australia since the mid‐1990s when Australia's immigration policy became more skill‐oriented and a temporary skilled migration visa program was implemented to simplify the process by which employers could sponsor skilled migrant workers. While Europeans are not a large group among permanent migrants, many come as temporary migrants and then decide to apply for permanent residence. Survey data are used to examine their reasons for migration and residence/return migration intentions, comparing permanent skilled migrants with temporary skilled migrants. European migrants are more likely than other migrants to indicate lifestyle reasons for migrating or coming to Australia to work and then seeking permanent residence, with differences also observed among migrants from different regions in Europe. The implications for ‘brain drain’/‘brain circulation’ are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drying induced self‐formation of semi‐ordered nano‐porous silicon micro‐hairs
Authors: Skryshevsky Valery A. , Vorobey Ganna , Jamois Cecile , Munguia Jacobo , Lysenko Vladimir 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSpontaneous drying induced self‐transformation of highly‐porous Si layers into oriented micro‐tubular hairs is reported. Main mechanisms involved in such a self‐formation of the porous silicon hairs are analyzed: the large capillary stresses at the liquid evaporation from the pores during the drying process, existence of lateral in‐plane stresses at the interface “PS layer – bulk Si substrate”, engineering of in‐depth mechanical stress gradient and preferential cracking of the porous layer along the [110] and [1$ \bar 1 $0] directions. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantum‐corrected Monte Carlo study of nano‐scale InGaAs MOSFETs
Authors: Watanabe Hisanao , Homma Takahiro , Takegishi Takayuki , Hirasawa Yuki , Hirata Yuko , Hara Shinsuke , Fujishiro Hiroki I. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe investigate the electron transport phenomena in nano‐scale InGaAs MOSFETs by using quantum corrected Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The electrons almost transport ballistically in the channel at Lg = 10 nm. However the electron rebound from the drain becomes pronounced when the electrons degenerate at the bottleneck. Consequently the average electron velocity at the bottleneck, vs, decreases. This considerably diminishes the potential of the InGaAs MOSFETs for the current drivability (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low temperature synthesis of ZnO thin films by spin‐coating technique
Authors: Hasuike Noriyuki , Harada Tomoe , Kiyohara Toru , Nishio Koji , Kisoda Kenji , Harima Hiroshi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractZnO thin films were prepared by sol‐gel spin‐coating method with thermal annealing in O2 atmosphere. The annealing temperature was varied in the range of 150 °C to 550°C. ZnO thin films with wurtzite structure were synthesized in all the samples. The sample annealed at low temperature showed the smooth surface morphology, and it gradually became rough with increase in annealing temperature. Finally, the sample had porous structure due to the aggregation of ZnO grain. As this result, the transmittance decreased in the visible region by annealing at high temperature. Furthermore, Raman analysis indicated that the lattice defects such as O vacancy could be suppressed by annealing at low temperature. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Biexcitonic superfluorescence from CuCl quantum dots under resonant two‐photon excitation
Authors: Miyajima Kensuke , Maeno Kosuke , Saito Shingo , Ashida Masaaki , Itoh Tadashi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTime‐resolved photoluminescence spectra of biexcitons confined in CuCl quantum dots embedded in a NaCl matrix have been measured by an optical Kerr gate method. Ultrashort pulsed emission was observed for resonant two‐photon excitation of the biexcitons. The peak intensity of this pulsed emission depended on the fourth power of the excitation density, which indicates that the superfluorescence originates from coherently coupled excited quantum dots. The photon energy of this pulsed emission increased with increasing excitation density. This implies that the superfluorescence efficiently depends on the dot size because biexcitons are directly generated by resonant two‐photon excitation for an ensemble of quantum dots with a size distribution (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence decay profiles of exciton‐exciton scattering in a ZnO thin film
Authors: Wakaiki Shuji , Ichida Hideki , Mizoguchi Kohji , Kim DaeGwi , Kanematsu Yasuo , Nakayama Masaaki 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe have investigated the photoluminescence (PL) dynamics of a ZnO thin film under intense excitation conditions at 10 K. In the ZnO thin film, a PL band due to exciton‐exciton scattering, the so‐called P emission, appears. The optical‐Kerr‐gating method with the ultrashort gating time of 0.6 ps enabled us to obtain precise information of the temporal profiles including the peak energy, the bandwidth and the intensity of the P emission, at various detection energies. We have found that the decay time of the P emission gradually shortens with decreasing detection energy. The change in the decay time can be reasonably attributed to the photon‐like characteristics of the lower polariton branch that is the final state of the exciton‐exciton scattering. Furthermore, we have shown that the decay time of the P emission is phenomenologically determined by the group velocity of the final state although the origin of the long decay time remains to be elucidated (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theory of radiation force exerted on dye‐doped molecules irradiated by resonant laser
Authors: Kudo Tetsuhiro , Ishihara Hajime 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe theoretically investigate how the resonant radiation force (RF) affects the laser trapping of a single molecule by comparing the RF exerted on the dye‐doped molecule and that on the non‐doped one. In this investigtion, we evaluate the inter‐particle radiation force (IRF) in the focal spot of the incident focused beam. The result indicates the possibility of the increase of molecular density through the IRF even in the linear response regime. We also investigate the nonlinear optical effect that greatly changes the characteristics of the RF. This result shows that the nonlinear optical effect cannot be neglected if the incident laser intensity is strong enough to trap a single molecule, and that the nonlinearity makes the resonant trapping more advantageous (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exciton spin alignment observed via Hanle effect in single quantum dots
Authors: Kaji R. , Adachi S. , Muto S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPolarization properties of the exciton emissions from single InAlAs/AlGaAs quantum dots were investigated by using Hanle‐like measurement. The in‐plane exchange field drives the exciton spin precession even under zero external magnetic field and the polarization of emissions can be converted from circular to linear and vice versa.Longitudinal applied magnetic field increases the conversion ratio up to the theoretical limit ∼50%, where the field strength is comparable to the exchange field. Finally, the effect of valence band mixing on the polarization conversion was discussed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A simple approximate method for free vibration analysis of framed tube structures
Authors: Kamgar R. , Rahgozar R. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYA simple approximate method is developed for determining natural frequency of tall buildings. Timoshenko's beam model, which considers the influence of shear and flexural deformation, was used in modelling framed tube structures. In this paper, natural frequency and mode shape of framed tube structures were calculated based on the flexural and shear rigidities along with the effects of rotational inertia. Dynamic model of Timoshenko's beam can be obtained by writing equilibrium equations of forces acting on an infinite element. The solution of the dynamic model was obtained by first applying the separation of variables to time and space, followed by the assumption of harmonic motion in time, the steady state eigen system was obtained. Natural frequencies of framed tube structures were calculated by solving the eigenproblem. A numerical example has been presented to demonstrate the ease of application and accuracy of the proposed method. The structure's fundamental frequency was computed using ETABS V9.0.0 (Computer and Structures, Berkeley, California, USA) and compared with the result obtained from proposed method, which shows that the percentage of error was low and acceptable. The proposed method can be adopted as an alternative procedure to evaluate the natural frequency of framed tube in the preliminary stages of structural design. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Test description of steel X‐bracing system using low‐grade steel and internal oblique transverse stiffeners
Authors: Sabouri‐Ghomi S. , Ebadi P. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYA sample of steel X‐braced frame was studied using laboratory tests by which system behaviour and its failure modes were driven. The braces were designed based on the idea of using low‐grade steel in lateral load resisting system. Therefore, stocky braces were used. A rigid central core at intersection point of braces was considered. Oblique transverse stiffeners were provided inside the braces' cross‐section for more lateral stiffness and reduction of system yield displacement. Intervals between stiffeners were determined to create guided local buckling before global buckling of braces and thus dissipate energy by accordion behaviour. The hysteresis and energy absorption diagrams were presented. The system ductility has also been calculated. The obtained results represent uniform and stable energy absorption and reasonable system ductility by using low‐grade steel, rigid central core and oblique transverse stiffeners. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benzene Trisulfonic Acid (H3BTS) as Analogue of Trimesic Acid for Building Open Frameworks: The First Rare Earth Examples [La(BTS)(H2O)5] and [RE(BTS)(H2O)4] (RE = Nd, Sm, Eu)
Authors: Mietrach Andrea , Muesmann Thomas W. T. , Zilinski Christian , Christoffers Jens , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe reaction of benzene 1,3,5‐trisulfonic acid (H3BTS) with the hydroxides RE(OH)3 (RE = La, Nd, Sm, Eu) in aqueous solution afforded the sulfonates [La(BTS)(H2O)5] and [RE(BTS)(H2O)4] (RE = Nd, Sm, Eu). Single crystal investigations were performed for the lanthanum and the europium compound, respectively. [La(BTS)(H2O)5] is triclinic [P$\bar{1}$, Z = 2, a = 783.18(6) pm, b = 1056.94(8) pm, c = 1082.38(8) pm, α = 114.860(2)°, β = 96.655(3)°, γ = 104.402(3)°] whereas [Eu(BTS)(H2O)4] exhibits monoclinic symmetry [P21/n, Z = 4, a = 767.61(5) pm, b = 1730.2(1) pm, c = 1134.06(8) pm, β = 108.375(8)°]. Despite these crystallographic differences, the structural features of the lanthanum and europium compounds are very similar. They show the metal ions connected by BTS anions to layers that are further linked by hydrogen bonds. Interestingly, only two of the three sulfonate groups are connected to rare earth ions, whereas the third remains uncoordinated and acts as acceptor within the hydrogen bonds. According to powder XRD measurements the neodymium and samarium sulfonates are isotypic with the europium compound. The thermal analyses of the compounds show the dehydration in a temperature range between 100 and 300 °C, whereas the decomposition of the organic ligands takes place at temperatures as high as 550 °C. Thus the anhydrous sulfonates are much more stable than comparable salts of trimesic acid. The residues of the thermal decompositions were identified by XRD experiments.
A case study applying process and project alignment methodology
Authors: Martins Paula Ventura , da Silva Alberto Rodrigues 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSoftware Process Improvement (SPI) is one of the main software development challenges. However, SPI standards and models (CMMI, SPICE) have not been always adopted with success. The current problem is a lack of strategy to implement successfully these standards and models. To undertake this objective is essential observe real life experiences and detect process and project mutual relationships. Without this alignment it will not be possible to find out how process management is really important to achieve organization’s strategic objectives. This paper proposes a methodology that allows the definition, evaluation and improvement of an organization software development process. This proposal, called a Process and Project Alignment Methodology (ProPAM), allows the specification of an organization development process, as well process and project alignment. ProPAM presents the following life cycle: (1) process definition; (2) project definition considering a base process model; (3) project coordination and monitoring and (4) process improvement assessment. This paper also provides an overview of the action plan to be taken within the software organizations that intent to conduct a SPI initiative. This plan includes two distinct phases: (1) specify the development process and (2) analyze projects, starting an SPI effort. In order to evaluate ProPAM, a study case is undertaken. The case study is performed following the action plan and presents all the steps of the ProPAM. Final results show that, when the organization started using ProPAM, process and project alignment reduced project planning time and effort. ProPAM also introduced new organizational practices that result in a SPI program.
Adaptive complementary filtering algorithm for mobile robot localization
Authors: Neto Armando Alves , Macharet Douglas Guimarães , da Silva Campos Víctor Costa , Montenegro Campos Mario Fernando 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
As a mobile robot navigates through an indoor environment, the condition of the floor is of low (or no) relevance to its decisions. In an outdoor environment, however, terrain characteristics play a major role on the robot’s motion. Without an adequate assessment of terrain conditions and irregularities, the robot will be prone to major failures, since the environment conditions may greatly vary. As such, it may assume any orientation about the three axes of its reference frame, which leads to a full six degrees of freedom configuration. The added three degrees of freedom have a major bearing on position and velocity estimation due to higher time complexity of classical techniques such as Kalman filters and particle filters. This article presents an algorithm for localization of mobile robots based on the complementary filtering technique to estimate the localization and orientation, through the fusion of data from IMU, GPS and compass. The main advantages are the low complexity of implementation and the high quality of the results for the case of navigation in outdoor environments (uneven terrain). The results obtained through this system are compared positively with those obtained using more complex and time consuming classic techniques.