bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Temporal Artery Thermometry in Children 3–36 Months Old
Authors: Holzhauer Janet K. , Reith Vicky , Sawin Kathleen J. , Yen Kenneth 
Published: July 2009

PURPOSE.  This study aims to determine whether temporal artery (TA) thermometer readings are accurate and better tolerated than rectal readings in young children.DESIGN AND METHODS.  Paired rectal and TA temperature readings and Face Legs Activity Cry and Consolability (FLACC) scores were obtained.RESULTS.  TA thermometry failed to detect rectal fever (38°C or greater) in approximately 20% of paired temperature readings. FLACC scores were significantly lower after TA readings than after rectal readings.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  This study questions TA readings as an accurate substitute for rectal thermometry.
Fat uptake, shelf stability and sensory quality of rice crackers produced using soy and selected additives
Authors: Puyed Surekha S. , Prakash Jamuna 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe effects of incorporating soy flour (at 20% level) and additives on fat uptake, shelf stability and keeping quality of a traditional deep‐fried snack prepared with rice and black gram was studied. The additives used for experimental products were citric acid (0.5%), pectin (0.5%) and potassium sulphate (1.0%) along with soy flour. Incorporation of soy decreased fat absorption to a significant extent in the products (22.6% as against 28.2% in control). This effect was further enhanced with pectin. Free fatty acids and peroxide values increased on storage gradually. However, the increase was lesser in products with soy. Products stored in metallized foil were better than the products stored in low density polyethylene. All the products were acceptable throughout the storage period. Incorporation of soy and potassium sulphate resulted in reduced fat uptake and improved sensory and keeping quality of product.
Differences in health status of older people aged 65 and above after total hip replacement compared with the normal population: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hørdam Britta , Søballe Kjeld , Pedersen Preben U. 
Published: July 2009

Aim.  The aim of the study was to describe the health status of older patients with osteoarthrosis following total hip replacement and to compare their health status with population norms in order to analyse the need for a rehabilitation programme after total hip replacement.Background.  Total hip replacement is a very efficient operation in terms of pain relief and improvement of walking ability. However, after the operation some patients still report low health status.Method.  A cross‐sectional study including 287 older patients aged 65–74 and 75+ years who had had total hip replacement within the previous 12 months was performed. Patients from five Danish counties received a mailed questionnaire requesting information about their health status and demographic data. The Short‐Form 36 measures eight domains of importance of health. The scores related to each dimension are transformed to an interval scale ranging from 0 (worst score) to 100 (best score). Danish population norm data were used as reference point.Results.  In total, 287 (91.4%) patients responded. The patients completed the questionnaire 207 (114) days after surgery within a range of 10–360 days. In all eight health domains patients reported significantly lower scores than the age specific norm population.Conclusion.  Our results indicate that health status is scored lower for patients after total hip replacement. This implies that there might be a need for further postoperative rehabilitation based on the identification of problems experienced by patients in the postoperative period.Relevance to clinical practice.  Patients health status is a predictor for well‐being, quality of life and survival. Older people need rehabilitation after surgery to reduce dysfunction and improve perception of health. Our results demonstrate a need for further studies examining problems experienced by patients in the postoperative period. Intervention research is needed before such a programme can be implemented.
Staying in ‘the stream of life’: rehabilitation of older people in their own homes following total hip replacement
Authors: Delmar Charlotte , Rasmussen Birgitte , Dolmer Ilone 
Published: July 2009

Background.  According to World Health Organization (WHO), rehabilitation should be based on the person’s entire situation with a focus on body functions, level of activity, participation and environment. But different types of investigations show an unclear concept of rehabilitation in professional nursing.Aims and objectives.  This study aims to identify older persons’ (≥75 years of age) experiences of the rehabilitation process after total hip replacement.Design and methods.  Qualitative interviews were undertaken with six persons who were rehabilitated in their own homes following total hip replacement. The interviews were guided by Max van Manen’s phenomenological methodology with its focus on the life world as described through patients’ experience of time, space, body and interpersonal relations.Results.  Staying in the stream of life confirmed the importance of the life world. What is essential in the rehabilitation process is to get back into everyday life as soon as possible and participate in activities which are meaningful and which are linked to being at home where ‘you can be who you are’. The home is the framework for being in the stream of life, and it provides the centre of gravity for the people’s welfare.Conclusion.  Staying in the stream of life is about being the author of one’s own meaningful life. It takes into account life phenomena embodied in the maintenance aspect of health care; dignity in relation to identity and integrity; and an understanding of the dialectical relation between frailty and strength.Relevance to clinical practice.  Rather than focusing exclusively on patient participation and goal‐directed activity, nursing actions should integrate life phenomena as key aspects of rehabilitation with older people in their own right.
Anti‐polymorphonuclear neutrophil antibodies in patients with leukopenia or neutropenia
Authors: RIERA N. E. , ROSSO SALTÓ M. , GALÁN V. , CANALEJO K. , KHOURY M. , AIXALÁ M. , KANTOR G. L. , VERMEULEN M. , BENGIÓ R. , DE BRACCO M. M. E. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryIntroduction:  Immune humoral neutropenia (Np) could be the consequence of anti‐polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) antibodies, circulating immune complexes (CIC) and/or antibodies against myeloid precursors. Granulocyte immunofluorescence test (GIFT) and a leukoagglutination technique (LAGT) assays are recommended for its diagnosis.Methods:  Fifty adult patients with secondary Np were screened for anti‐PMN. GIFT by flow cytometry from viable PMN and LAGT were employed. In addition, CIC levels, low expression of CD16b (CD16 blow), PMN phenotype and sera tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) were also evaluated.Results:  Direct IgG‐PMN binding (dir‐GIFT) was positive in 16% of the patients. Antibodies against autologous PMN were detected in 32% of the samples by indirect (ind)‐GIFT and demonstrated in 70% of the sera by both ind‐GIFT and/or LAGT. Predominance of human neutrophil alloantigen (HNA)‐1b and HNA‐2 expression was confirmed. CD16blow was detected in 16% of the patient’s PMN and TNF‐α in 68% of sera patients.Conclusion:  Our results suggest that diagnosis of immune Np in the laboratory may be improved by focusing on patient’s PMN together with the assessment of cellular markers.
Pooled samples bias fungal community descriptions
Authors: AVIS P. G. , BRANCO S. , TANG Y. , MUELLER G. M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe tested the accuracy of molecular analyses for recovering the species richness and structure of pooled fungal communities of known composition. We constructed replicate pools of 2–20 species and analysed these pools by two separate pooling‐DNA extraction procedures and three different molecular analyses (Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA), terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) and clone library‐sequencing). None of the methods correctly described the known communities. Only clone library‐sequencing with high sequencing per pool (∼100 clones) recovered reasonable estimates of richness. Frequency data were skewed with all procedures and analyses. These results indicate that the error introduced by pooling samples is significant and problematic for ecological studies of fungal communities.
Myopia and later physical activity in adolescence: a prospective study: Table 1
Authors: Deere K , Williams C , Leary S , Mattocks C , Ness A , Blair S N , Riddoch C 
Published: July 2009

Objectives:To investigate associations between objectively measured physical activity (PA) and myopia in children.Methods:Children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were asked to wear a uniaxial accelerometer for 7 days. Measures of counts per minute (cpm), minutes spent in moderate to vigorous activity (MVPA) and minutes of sedentary behaviour (msed) were derived from the accelerometer worn at age 12. Children were also examined, at age 10, using an autorefractor to estimate myopia. Social and parental factors were collected from pregnancy and physical measures of the child were recorded at age 12.Results:4880 children had valid PA and autorefraction data. In minimally adjusted models (age and gender) myopic children were less active than the other children: β = −49.9 cpm (95% CI −73.5 to −26.4, p = <0.001). The myopic group spent less time in MVPA than the other children: β = −3.2 minutes MVPA (95% CI −5.2 to −1.1, p = 0.003) and more time sedentary: β = 15.8 minutes (95% CI 5.8 to 25.8, p = 0.002). The effect sizes were attenuated by adjustment for social and behavioural confounders although myopia status in the better (less myopic on autorefraction) eye remained strongly associated with cpm and MVPA but less so for sedentary behaviour: β = −36.8 cpm (95% CI –67.8 to −5.8, p = 0.02), β = −2.7 MVPA (95% CI −5.3 to −0.1, p = 0.04), β = 10.1 msed (95% CI –2.9 to 23.1, p = 0.13).Conclusion:Myopic children may be more at risk of having lower levels of PA than their non-myopic peers, although the difference was modest.
Ankylosing spondylitis in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Belachew D A , Sandu N , Schaller B , Guta Z 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) represents a chronic inflammatory bone disease of the axial skeleton that manifests as chronic back pain and progressive stiffness of the spine. It characteristically affects young adults with a peak age of onset between 20–30 years. In contrast to Western Europe and North America, the disease is rare in Sub-Saharan Africa where the majority of the population is HLA-B27 negative. Even in some African populations where HLA-B27 is prevalent (for example, in Gambia and Senegal, where 3–6% of the general population has HLA-B27), the disease is also said to be rare. However, some other genetic markers may be involved in the causation of AS in the HLA-B27 negative population, and when it occurs in this subgroup of patients it has a similar manifestation with HLA-B27 negative white patients and these patients rarely develop anterior uveitis. The clinical presentation of the disease in Africa is generally milder; most affected individuals do not have a family history of AS, the patients are older at onset of the disease, and the majority of them lack extra-articular manifestations such as anterior uveitis compared with the situation in Western Europe and North America. In conclusion, AS in sub-Saharan Africa seems to represent a subgroup of the disease, which may open the window to a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition.
Do radiologists still need to report chest x rays?
Authors: Mehrotra P , Bosemani V , Cox J 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Objective
Chest x rays (CXRs) are among the most difficult radiographs to interpret accurately. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of different grades and specialities of clinicians to evaluate a series of CXRs correctly.

Methods
60 clinicians of different grades and from different specialities were randomly recruited to interpret 15 CXRs within 30 min. Radiographs included normal (n = 5) and abnormal images of common medical emergencies (n = 10). Non-parametric statistical tests examined for significant differences in the ability of different grades and specialities of doctors to interpret CXRs.

Results
Senior doctors (consultants and registrars, n = 32) attained significantly higher scores than junior doctors (senior house officers, foundation 1 and 2 doctors, n = 28, p = 0.001). Specialists (consultants and registrars in radiology and respiratory medicine, n = 7) achieved significantly higher scores than non-specialists (all other consultants and registrars, n = 25, p = 0.0002). In addition, senior radiologists (consultants and registrars) attained significantly higher scores than senior doctors from other specialities (p = 0.002).

Conclusion
To improve patient care, we suggest that all chest x rays should be reviewed at an early stage during a patient’s hospital admission by a senior clinician and reported by a radiologist at the earliest opportunity. We also suggest that structured teaching on CXR interpretation should be made available for newly qualified doctors, especially with the introduction of shortened training.
Concurrent outbreaks of Chikungunya and Dengue fever in Kandy, Sri Lanka, 2006–07: a comparative analysis of clinical and laboratory features
Authors: Kularatne S A M , Gihan M C , Weerasinghe S C , Gunasena S 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the clinical and laboratory features of confirmed cases of Chikungunya and Dengue fever; to validate the clinical diagnosis based on serology.

Methods
Cases with a clinical diagnosis of Chikungunya and Dengue fever were recruited for seroconfirmation during a concurrent epidemic in 2006–07, at the General Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.

Results
Of 54 patients with fever, serology confirmed 21 with Chikungunya infection, 20 with Dengue infection, and three co-infections, with sensitivity of the clinical diagnosis of 92% for Chikungunya fever and 95% for Dengue fever. The mean age of patients with Chikungunya fever was 45 years (range 21–74 years), and patients with Dengue fever was 30 years (range 15–63 years) (p = 0.005). Sixteen (70%) of Chikungunya fever patients were females, while 15 (71%) of those with Dengue fever were males (p = 0.007). Arthralgia was common to both groups (p = 0.155), while headache and a bleeding tendency were observed more in patients with Dengue fever. Twelve (57%) Chikungunya cases had acute arthritis compared with none in the Dengue group (p = 0.001), lasting mean 6 days (range 1–14 days). They developed chronic arthritic disability (range 1–6 months). Leucopenia was common to both Chikungunya and Dengue fever patients. However, thrombocytopenia was more pronounced in the Dengue patients (mean (SD) platelet count 75 (34)×109/l) than in the Chikungunya patients (117 (70)×109/l) (p = 0.001). In the Chikungunya group there was a positive correlation between duration of the illness and the platelet count (r = 0.181, p = 0.194), but the Dengue group showed a negative correlation (r = −0.309, p&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
Most of the clinical and laboratory features of patients with Chikungunya and Dengue fever are similar. Arthritis is the pathgnomonic sign in patients with Chikungunya fever.
Diagnosis and treatment of acquired coronary artery disease in adults
Authors: Wilson J M 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Coronary artery disease evolves, often unnoticed, over decades, often culminating in myocardial infarction. Metabolic and behavioural risk factors affect the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. The diagnosis may be arrived at clinically but typically involves confirmatory and prognostic laboratory tests and imaging studies. Treatment measures are aimed at controlling symptoms and preventing disease progression. In patients with clinically stable disease, treatment centres upon preventing disease progression using lifestyle modification, medical therapy and revascularisation for patients in whom medical treatment failure may be imminently fatal. In patients with acute coronary syndrome, urgent treatment is required in order to arrest lesion progression.
Management of the dialysis patient for the hospital physician
Authors: Power A , Duncan N , Goodlad C 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAs a relative shortage of organs limits transplantation rates in many countries, the number of patients on dialysis is increasing. Nephrologists in specialist centres supervise their dialysis, but increasingly in the context of acute medical emergencies, such patients present to district general hospitals. Experience in managing patients on dialysis varies among institutions. This review aims to provide a practical guide to aid general physicians involved in the delivery of hospital care, by outlining the principles of dialysis (haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) and examining relevant medical issues specific to dialysis patients.
Congenital and acquired conditions of the aortic root: multidetector computed tomography features
Authors: Vargas H A , Hoey E T D , Gopalan D , Agrawal S K B , Screaton N J , Gulati G S 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe aortic root links the left ventricle and ascending aorta and functions as a support structure for the aortic valve. It can be affected by a variety of congenital and acquired conditions, some of which are potentially life threatening. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are established non-invasive imaging techniques for assessing the aortic root. Recent technological advances have allowed multidetector computed tomography to emerge as an alternative means of assessing this aortic segment. This pictorial essay reviews the anatomy of the aortic root and illustrates the salient computed tomography imaging features of a range of congenital and acquired conditions that may affect it.
COMPLEXITY OF VILLAMAYOR'S ALGORITHM IN THE NON-EXCEPTIONAL MONOMIAL CASE
Authors: BLANCO R. 
Published: July 2009

We study monomial ideals, always locally given by a monomial, like a reasonable first step to estimate in general the number of monoidal transformations of Villamayor's algorithm of resolution of singularities. The resolution of a monomial ideal [Formula: see text] is interesting due to its identification with the particular toric problem [Formula: see text].In the special case, when all the exponents aiare greater than or equal to the critical value c, we construct the largest branch of the resolution tree which provides an upper bound involving partial sums of Catalan numbers. This case will be called "minimal codimensional case". Partial sums of Catalan numbers (starting 1,2,5,…) are 1,3,8,22,…. These partial sums are well known in Combinatorics and count the number of paths starting from the root in all ordered trees with n + 1 edges. Catalan numbers appear in many combinatorial problems, counting the number of ways to insert n pairs of parenthesis in a word of n + 1 letters, plane trees with n + 1 vertices,…, etc.The non-minimal case, when there exists some exponent ai0smaller than c, will be called "case of higher codimension". In this case, still unresolved, we give an example to state the foremost troubles.Computation of examples has been helpful in both cases to study the behavior of the resolution invariant. Computations have been made in Singular (see [8]) using the desing package by Bodnár and Schicho, see [4].
REALIZATION OF MINIMAL C*-DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS IN TERMS OF CUNTZ–PIMSNER ALGEBRAS
Authors: LLEDÓ FERNANDO , VASSELLI EZIO 
Published: July 2009

In the present article, we provide several constructions of C*-dynamical systems [Formula: see text] with a compact group [Formula: see text] in terms of Cuntz–Pimsner algebras. These systems have a minimal relative commutant of the fixed-point algebra [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], i.e. [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the center of [Formula: see text], which is assumed to be non-trivial. In addition, we show in our models that the group action [Formula: see text] has full spectrum, i.e. any unitary irreducible representation of [Formula: see text] is carried by a [Formula: see text]-invariant Hilbert space within [Formula: see text]. First, we give several constructions of minimal C*-dynamical systems in terms of a single Cuntz–Pimsner algebra [Formula: see text] associated to a suitable [Formula: see text]-bimodule ℌ. These examples are labelled by the action of a discrete Abelian group ℭ (which we call the chain group) on [Formula: see text] and by the choice of a suitable class of finite dimensional representations of [Formula: see text]. Second, we present a more elaborate contruction, where now the C*-algebra [Formula: see text] is generated by a family of Cuntz–Pimsner algebras. Here, the product of the elements in different algebras is twisted by the chain group action. We specify the various constructions of C*-dynamical systems for the group [Formula: see text], N ≥ 2.
fMRI Activation during Observation of Others' Reach Errors
Authors: Malfait Nicole , Valyear Kenneth F. , Culham Jody C. , Anton Jean-Luc , Brown Liana E. , Gribble Paul L. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
When exposed to novel dynamical conditions (e.g., externally imposed forces), neurologically intact subjects easily adjust motor commands on the basis of their own reaching errors. Subjects can also benefit from visual observation of others' kinematic errors. Here, using fMRI, we scanned subjects watching movies depicting another person learning to reach in a novel dynamic environment created by a robotic device. Passive observation of reaching movements (whether or not they were perturbed by the robot) was associated with increased activation in fronto-parietal regions that are normally recruited in active reaching. We found significant clusters in parieto-occipital cortex, intraparietal sulcus, as well as in dorsal premotor cortex. Moreover, it appeared that part of the network that has been shown to be engaged in processing self-generated reach error is also involved in observing reach errors committed by others. Specifically, activity in left intraparietal sulcus and left dorsal premotor cortex, as well as in right cerebellar cortex, was modulated by the amplitude of observed kinematic errors.
Patterns of Brain Activity Supporting Autobiographical Memory, Prospection, and Theory of Mind, and Their Relationship to the Default Mode Network
Authors: Spreng R. Nathan , Grady Cheryl L. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The ability to rise above the present environment and reflect upon the past, the future, and the minds of others is a fundamentally defining human feature. It has been proposed that these three self-referential processes involve a highly interconnected core set of brain structures known as the default mode network (DMN). The DMN appears to be active when individuals are engaged in stimulus-independent thought. This network is a likely candidate for supporting multiple processes, but this idea has not been tested directly. We used fMRI to examine brain activity during autobiographical remembering, prospection, and theory-of-mind reasoning. Using multivariate analyses, we found a common pattern of neural activation underlying all three processes in the DMN. In addition, autobiographical remembering and prospection engaged midline DMN structures to a greater degree and theory-of-mind reasoning engaged lateral DMN areas. A functional connectivity analysis revealed that activity of a critical node in the DMN, medial prefrontal cortex, was correlated with activity in other regions in the DMN during all three tasks. We conclude that the DMN supports common aspects of these cognitive behaviors involved in simulating an internalized experience.