bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and demographic heterogeneity of Australian nursing students: a closer look
Authors: Salamonson Y. , Ramjan L. , Lombardo L. , Lanser L.H. , Fernandez R. , Griffiths R. 
Published: November 2011

SALAMONSON Y., RAMJAN L., LOMBARDO L., LANSER L.H., FERNANDEZ R. & GRIFFITHS R. (2011) Diversity and demographic heterogeneity of Australian nursing students: a closer look. International Nursing Review59, 59–65Background:  In the last decade, there has been a rapid growth of international students undertaking nursing studies in Australian universities. At the same time, nursing courses continue to attract local students from a diversity of backgrounds.Aim:  The aim of this study is to examine first year nursing students by enrolment classification and country of birth: i) international; ii) local, overseas‐born; and iii) local, Australian‐born student, and demographic differences of academic performance at the 12‐month follow‐up.Methods:  A prospective, correlational design was used to identify nursing student characteristics as predictors of academic performance in a large university in the western region of Sydney.Results:  Of the 806 students enrolled in the course, 540 (67%) completed the survey and consented to data linkage. Fifty‐six per cent of the 540 participants were born overseas, of which 38% were local and 18% were international students. Local, overseas‐born students originated from 55 different countries, in contrast to international students who were representative of only 16 different countries. International students were younger, spent less time in paid work and were more likely to have a close friend in the same course. Although age was positively related to academic performance, local, overseas‐born and international enrolment classifications, and hours in paid work during semester were negatively associated to academic performance.Conclusion:  This study has taken a closer look at an important issue that requires further examination, given that international and local, overseas‐born students were two distinctive groups. Although both groups underperformed academically compared with Australian‐born students, the differences in characteristics between local, overseas‐born students and international students suggest that these two student groups are likely to experience different challenges during their nursing studies in Australia.
Filipina mothers' perceptions about childbirth at home
Authors: Hadwiger M.C. , Hadwiger S.C. 
Published: November 2011

Hadwiger M.C. & Hadwiger S.C. (2011) Filipina mothers' perceptions about childbirth at home. International Nursing Review59, 125–131Background:  The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in the Philippines has not dropped significantly since the Millennium Development Goals were established by the World Health Organization in 2000 to decrease MMR by 75% by 2015. Authorities have attributed high MMRs in developing countries to the absence of professional birth attendants during childbirth.Aim and study design:  The aim of this qualitative study was to describe perceptions of using a traditional birth attendant among Filipina women from less urban Iloilo neighbourhoods in the Philippines who used a traditional birth attendant for their deliveries. Qualitative interviews and confirmatory visits were done with 26 Filipina mothers from three municipalities peripheral to Iloilo City.Results:  Conventional content analysis revealed themes (patterns) of (1) mothers' folk beliefs (for the welfare of my baby, during labor, trust in God), (2) mothers' care for . . . (healthy pregnancy, recovery after childbirth), and (3) preference for childbirth at home with paltera– a traditional birth attendant – (no money, personal comfort, unfriendly hospitals).Discussion:  Transferability of these findings encompassed relatively rural areas near Iloilo City. Findings revealed the significance of economics on Filipina mothers' preference for a traditional birth attendant during childbirth. Mothers voiced professionals' behaviour and attitudes as another deterrence. Cultural practices of mothers were categorized into harmless, beneficial and harmful. A second phase of this research programme will address perceptions of professional birth attendants from the same municipalities.
Universal screening for domestic violence in a department of obstetrics and gynaecology: a patient and carer perspective
Authors: Ben Natan M. , Ben Ari G. , Bader T. , Hallak M. 
Published: November 2011

BEN NATAN M., BEN ARI G., BADER T. & HALLAK M. (2011) Universal screening for domestic violence in a department of obstetrics and gynaecology: a patient and carer perspective. International Nursing Review59, 108–114Aim:  This study aimed to examine the effect of knowledge, department routine, and attitudes of physicians and nurses on the identification of female victims of domestic violence in Israel, as well as the patients' attitudes regarding the screening process.Background:  Every seventh woman in Israel is reported to have been victimized by her intimate partner at least once in her lifetime. Routine screening for intimate partner violence is endorsed by the Ministry of Health in Israel; however screening rates in healthcare settings remain low.Methods:  Correlative, cross‐sectional design was utilized based on a sample of 100 physicians and nurses from an obstetrics and gynaecology department in a central Israel hospital and a stratified simple random sampling to recruit 100 former female patients.Findings:  Both medical and nursing staffs were reluctant to screen women for domestic violence, although the patients interviewed for the study claimed that screening is crucial for preventing domestic violence. Past experience with assessing violence and intention to screen were the most significant predictors of screening behaviour. Several factors impede screening by medical and nursing staff, although it is legally mandated.Discussion:  Nurses' and physicians' screening of women about domestic violence is a fundamental intervention with implications for health care in general and basic human rights in particular; however attitudes and beliefs must also be considered.Conclusions:  Screening women about domestic violence is an intervention not usually implemented by physicians and nurses. Understanding barriers to screening may help form feasible policies for improving the quality of services offered to women.
Procedures for an instrument development study: the Botswana experience
Authors: Magowe M.K.M. 
Published: November 2011

MAGOWE M.K.M. (2012) Procedures for an instrument development study: the Botswana experience. International Nursing Review59, 281–288Background:  Health protective sexual communication (HPSC) between sexual partners can contribute to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention, but women face difficulties with HPSC because of cultural and gender issues.Purpose:  To present the procedures for an instrument development study conducted in Botswana between 2006 and 2008 on different aspects of HPSC. The study was guided by the theory of planned behaviour constructs.Methods:  A literature review and a qualitative pilot study among young women aged 18–35 years in Gaborone city clinics generated items for the measures. Eleven measures were developed and evaluated for content validity. The measures were translated and evaluated by three typical participants for cultural relevance and acceptance. A quantitative pilot among ten women and a larger quantitative study among 280 other young women followed in 13 Gaborone city clinics for internal consistency reliability, and construct validity based on principal components analysis. All women who met selection criteria consented and responded to all questions. Research protocols were strictly adhered to.Results:  Eight measures were reliable, with Cronbach's alphas between 0.69 and 0.95. Underlying factors were extracted for these. Two measures were unreliable, one with spuriously low reliability due to its brevity. Some significant relationships were identified between measures.Discussion of findings:  The results highlighted the importance of HPSC, the significant influence of the male sexual partners and other relatives, and the need to integrate HPSC at all levels of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevention and research, focusing on the effectiveness of HPSC.
On the New Social Relations around and beyond Food. Analysing Consumers' Role and Action in Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale (Solidarity Purchasing Groups)
Authors: Brunori Gianluca , Rossi Adanella , Guidi Francesca 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article aims at analysing the features and the dynamics of those alternative agri‐food networks in which consumers act as initiators. Drawing on a survey of ongoing initiatives at national level and on evidence from empirical fieldwork in a specific territorial context showing a variegated and dynamic reality at this regard (Tuscany), the article analyses consumers' evolving attitudes and behaviour, around and even beyond food, unfolding during their involvement in these initiatives. In particular, it focuses on the experience of the solidarity‐based purchasing groups, consumers' organisations promoted by groups of citizens aiming at getting control of the food they consume. Using an actor–network perspective, the article analyses how purchasing and consumption routines change when consumers join these initiatives. The article also discusss the potential of these initiatives as drivers of change along with the following questions: to what extent do these initiatives challenge dominant food practices and system governance? On what basis are these initiatives sustainable and are replicable in different contexts? How can they foster other forms of civic engagement? In this regard, the article tests a transition management approach, considering solidarity‐based purchasing groups as socio‐technical niches within broader socio‐technical regimes in a macro landscape characterised by the globalisation of the food system. In particular, it analyses the critical points where niches enter in conflict with existing socio‐technical regimes, and the way in which these groups act to remove legal, technological and cultural barriers to their development.
THE CONTEMPORARY U.S. TORTURE DEBATE IN CHRISTIAN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Gushee David P. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe U.S. turn toward torture tested the moral resources of all faiths, but perhaps especially of Christianity, which has the greatest number of adherents in the United States. This moral crucible revealed that American Christian scholars and leaders were generally blind to the resources available in relation to the resources available to address torture in a study of scripture, early Christian experience under empire, Christian abuses of suspected heretics, and the just war theory, all of which are considered here. Uses of just war theory have revealed a fracture in that theory between deontological/virtue orientations and consequentialist reasoning, the latter proving susceptible to exploitation in defense of torture. Just war theory also revealed a lacuna of explicit reasoning about torture through the centuries, in a world where torture has so often been an instrument of state power.
THE LASH IS MIGHTIER THAN THE SWORD1: Torture and Citizenry in Medieval Muslim Jurisprudence
Authors: Ahmed Rumee 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTMedieval Muslim scholars unequivocally prohibited the torture of prisoners of war out of a concern for maintaining theoretical constructs about the boundaries of the Muslim and non‐Muslim communities. Muslim scholars worried that the torturing prisoners of war would compromise values and ideals predicated on such constructs, and that the demands of citizenship trumped any benefit to the Muslim community that might accrue from torture.
ANTIVOLUNTARISM AND THE BIRTH OF AUTONOMY
Authors: Erdelack Wesley 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTTraditionalist and radical orthodox critiques of the Enlightenment assert that the modern discourse on moral self‐government constitutes a radical break with the theocentric model of morality which preceded it. Against this view, this paper argues that the conceptions of autonomy emerged from the effort to reconcile commitments within the Christian tradition. Through an analysis of the moral thought of the Cambridge Platonist Ralph Cudworth, this paper contends that distinctively Christian theological concerns concerning moral accountability to God and the character of divine‐human moral relationships produced a theory of moral autonomy which anticipates that of Kant. This paper highlights the role of anti‐voluntarism in the creation of this moral standpoint, and argues that the resultant moral view is an “internalization” of the voluntarist model of sovereignty.
FORGETTING AND THE TASK OF SEEING: Ordinary Oblivion, Plato, and Ethics
Authors: Rapp Jennifer R. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe gaps, fissures, and lapses of attention in a life—what I call “ordinary oblivions”—are fertile fragilities that present a compelling source for ethics. Plato, not Aristotle, is the ancient philosopher specially poised to speak to this feature of human life. Drawing upon poet C. K. Williams's idea that forgetting is a “looking away” that makes possible “beginning again,” I present a Platonic approach to ethics as an alternative to Aristotelian or virtue ethics. Plato's Phaedrus is a key source text for this alternate picture; from it I suggest how we might construe Iris Murdoch's “task of seeing” in terms of the engagement with written form. Poetry is a central locale for such engagement, and thus suggests a kind of ethical praxis that arises from the theoretical emphases of my examination of forgetting, the unmoored self, remade other‐regard, and sacred sources.
Implications of the Frequent Hemodialysis Network‐Daily Trial
Authors: Raphael Kalani L. , Cheung Alfred K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDespite many years of experience with hemodialysis, the outcomes of maintenance dialysis patients remain poor. The Frequent Hemodialysis Network‐Daily (FHN‐Daily) Trial found that six times per week in‐center short hemodialysis decreased left ventricular mass and improved self‐reported physical functioning over a 1‐year intervention period compared with conventional thrice‐weekly dialysis. Despite the promising results, caution is needed in the projection of these intermediate outcomes to hard clinical endpoints, such as cardiovascular events and death.
Intensified Daily Dialysis: The Best Chronic Dialysis Option for Children?
Authors: Fischbach Michel , Fothergill Helen , Zaloszyc Ariane , Menouer Soraya , Terzic Joelle 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChildren receiving chronic hemodialysis (HD) three times a week have many obstacles to overcome. Not only do they have to endure dietary restrictions, but they also need to take various medications on a daily basis, which contribute to anorexia. Children on such conventional dialysis programs often have poorly controlled blood pressure (which can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy and/or left ventricular dysfunction) and impaired statural growth. Therefore, the need for more frequent and/or intensive dialysis is recognized. Nevertheless despite limited center experience, daily dialysis is currently most often limited as a rescue treatment. When performed, daily intensified HD provides a modality for preserving cardiovascular health and promoting normal growth in children. Therefore, the time spent on chronic dialysis preserves their chances of the best possible outcome.
Immunohistochemical expression of Rho GTPases in ameloblastomas
Authors: Modolo Filipe , Biz Michelle Tillmann , de Sousa Suzana Machado , Fachinelli Rodolfo de Lima , Crema Virgínia Oliveira 
Published: November 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 400–407Rho GTPases are proteins that regulate cell cycle, shape, polarization, invasion, migration, and apoptosis, which are important characteristics of normal and neoplastic cells. Rho GTPases expression has been reported in normal tooth germ and several pathologies; however, it has not been evaluated in ameloblastomas. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression and distribution of RhoA, RhoB, Rac1, and Cdc42 Rho GTPases in solid and unicystic ameloblastomas. Three‐micrometer sections from paraffin‐embedded specimens were evaluated by using an avidin–biotin immunohistochemical method with antibodies against the proteins mentioned above. RhoA and RhoB staining was observed in a high number of cells (P < 0.05) and greater intensity in non‐polarized ones. Rac1 was not observed, and Cdc42 did not show any statistical differences between the number of non‐polarized and basal positive cells (P > 0.05). Upon comparing the studied ameloblastomas, a higher number of positive cells in the unicystic variant was observed than that in the solid one (P < 0,05). The results obtained suggest that these GTPases could play a role in the ameloblastoma neoplastic epithelial cell phenotype determination (polarized or non‐polarized), as well as in variant (solid or unicystic) and subtype (follicular or plexiform) determination. Furthermore, they could participate in solid ameloblastoma invasion mechanisms.
Muscular strengthening activity patterns and metabolic health risk among US adults*
Authors: CHURILLA James R. , MAGYARI Peter M. , FORD Earl S. , FITZHUGH Eugene C. , JOHNSON Tammie M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:  Many studies have examined the relationship between physical activity and metabolic disorders. However, few have focused on specific associations between these disorders and muscular strengthening activity (MSA) patterns. The aim of the present study was to examine the association(s) for each metabolic syndrome criterion and MSA patterns.Methods:  The study sample (n = 5618) consisted of adults ≥20 years of age who participated in the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cut‐off points for metabolic syndrome criteria were derived from the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute definition. The aggregate of data on weight lifting, push‐ups, and sit‐ups was used to establish patterns of MSA. Participants reporting ≥2 days/week MSA were coded as meeting current US MSA guidelines.Results:  Following adjustments, participants reporting ≥2 days/week MSA were found to be 28% (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.62, 0.83) less likely to have dyslipidemia, 29% (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.54, 0.93) less likely to have impaired fasting glucose, 19% (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.65, 0.99) less likely to have prehypertension, and 43% (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.46, 0.72) less likely to have augmented waist circumference compared with those reporting engaging in no MSA. No association was found for hypertension and MSA.Conclusion:  Engaging in ≥2 days/week MSA as part of an overall physical activity regimen may be prudent in preserving metabolic health. These findings strengthen the relationship between MSA and metabolic health; thus, clinicians should include MSA when discussing lifestyle approaches to better health.
Simulating switchgrass biomass production across ecoregions using the DAYCENT model
Authors: Lee Juhwan , Pedroso Gabriel , Linquist Bruce A. , Putnam Daniel , van Kessel Chris , Six Johan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe production potential of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has not been estimated in a Mediterranean climate on a regional basis and its economic and environmental contribution as a biofuel crop remains unknown. The objectives of the study were to calibrate and validate a biogeochemical model, DAYCENT, and to predict the biomass yield potential of switchgrass across the Central Valley of California. Six common cultivars were calibrated using published data across the US and validated with data generated from four field trials in California (2007–2009). After calibration, the modeled range of yields across the cultivars and various management practices in the US (excluding California) was 2.4–41.2 Mg ha−1 yr−1, generally compatible with the observed yield range of 1.3–33.7 Mg ha−1 yr−1. Overall, the model was successfully validated in California; the model explained 66–90% of observed yield variation in 2007–2009. The range of modeled yields was 2.0–41.4 Mg ha−1 yr−1, which corresponded to the observed range of 1.3–41.1 Mg ha−1 yr−1. The response to N fertilizer and harvest frequency on yields were also reasonably validated. The model estimated that Alamo (21–23 Mg ha−1 yr−1) and Kanlow (22–24 Mg ha−1 yr−1) had greatest yield potential during the years after establishment. The effects of soil texture on modeled yields tended to be consistent for all cultivars, but there were distinct climatic (e.g., annual mean maximum temperature) controls among the cultivars. Our modeled results suggest that early stand maintenance of irrigated switchgrass is strongly dependent on available soil N; estimated yields increased by 1.6–5.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1 when residual soil mineral N was sufficient for optimal re‐growth. Therefore, management options of switchgrass for regional biomass production should be ecotype‐specific and ensure available soil N maintenance.
Understanding the molecular pharmacology of the serotonergic system: using fluoxetine as a model
Authors: Sghendo Lino , Mifsud Janet 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Objectives
Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter that is widely distributed in the body and plays an important role in a variety of psychological and other body functions such as mood, sexual desire and function, appetite, sleep, memory and learning, temperature regulation and social behaviour. This review will assess the use of fluoxetine, one of the most commonly used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, as a model for understanding the molecular pharmacology of the serotoninergic system.

Key findings
Seven serotonin receptor families have been discovered to date. All serotonin receptors, except 5-HT3, are G-protein coupled, seven transmembrane receptors that activate an intracellular second messenger cascade. The 5-HT3 receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel. Furthermore, 5-HT1A receptors are known as autoreceptors since their stimulation inhibits the release serotonin in nerve terminals. A transporter protein found in the plasma membrane of serotonergic neurones is responsible for the reuptake of this neurotransmitter. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as fluoxetine, act primarily at the serotonin transporter protein and have limited, if any, reaction with other neurotransmitter systems. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors appear to bind with the serotonin transporter with different rates of occupancy, duration and potency.

Summary
The following review focuses on the interaction of serotonin with this membrane transporter in the body and assesses the use of fluoxetine as a reference drug in the understanding of this interaction.