bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating cytokine levels and antibody responses to human Schistosoma haematobium: IL‐5 and IL‐10 levels depend upon age and infection status
Authors: MILNER T. , REILLY L. , NAUSCH N. , MIDZI N. , MDULUZA T. , MAIZELS R. , MUTAPI F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryExperimental schistosome infections induce strong parasite‐specific Th2 responses. This study aims to relate human systemic cytokine and antibody levels to schistosome infection levels and history. Levels of anti‐Schistosoma haematobium antibodies (directed against crude cercariae, egg and adult worm antigens) and plasma cytokines (IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐10, IL‐13, IL‐17, IL‐21, and IL‐23) were measured by ELISA in 227 Zimbabweans (6–60 years old) in a schistosome‐endemic area and related to age and infection status. Egg‐positive people had significantly higher levels of specific antibodies, IL‐2, IFN‐γ and IL‐23. In contrast, egg‐negative individuals had significantly higher circulating IL‐10, IL‐4, IL‐13 and IL‐21 that were detected with high frequency in all participants. Subjects with detectable plasma IL‐17 produced few or no eggs. When analyzed by age, IL‐4 and IL‐10 increased significantly, as did schistosome‐specific antibodies. However, when age was combined with infection status, IL‐5 declined over time in egg‐positive people, while increased with age in the egg‐negative group. Older, lifelong residents had significantly higher IL‐4 and IL‐5 levels than younger egg‐negative people. Thus, a mixed Th1/Th2 systemic environment occurs in people with patent schistosome infection, while a stronger Th2‐dominated suite of cytokines is evident in egg‐negative individuals.
Singing Activity Reveals Personality Traits in Great Tits
Authors: Naguib Marc , Kazek Agnieszka , Schaper Sonja V. , Van Oers Kees , Visser Marcel E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn animal communication, sexually selected signals have been shown to often signal individual attributes such as motivation or quality. Birdsong is among the best studied signalling systems, and song traits vary substantially among individuals. The question remains if variation in signalling also reflects more general and consistent individual characteristics. Such consistent individual differences in behaviour that are relatively stable over time and contexts are referred to as personality or behavioural syndromes. Here, we studied the relation between singing and explorative behaviour, a well‐studied personality trait, using great tits (Parus major) under standardized aviary conditions. The results show that singing activity measured as the number of songs sung in spring prior to breeding correlated with male but not with female explorative behaviour. In contrast, song repertoire was not related to explorative behaviour but varied over the day. The link between explorative and singing behaviour suggests that sexually selected signals are more than signals of quality but can also reflect other intrinsic behavioural characteristics such as personality traits.
Frequency response of implantable blood pressure telemetry systems
Authors: McCormick Daniel , Budgett David M , Lim Matthew K , Van Vliet Bruce , Nielsen Poul F , Hu Aiguo P , Malpas Simon C 
Published: May 2010

Summary1. Measurement of blood pressure via telemetry in a variety of animal species has become an indispensable part of cardiovascular physiology, drug development and safety pharmacology.2. These telemetry systems use fluid‐filled catheters, which differ from commonly encountered indwelling catheters by virtue of their short length, high durometer, variable inner diameter and the use of a gel interface at the distal tip.3. Despite the widespread use of blood pressure telemetry, there is little information describing the frequency response of these systems. The frequency response is of importance because it determines how well the waveform dynamics, such as pulse pressure, are captured.4. For this reason, we measured the frequency responses of commonly used telemeters manufactured by Data Sciences International (St Paul, MN, USA; namely PA‐C10, PA‐C40 and PA‐D70) and Telemetry Research (TR43P). The mean (± SEM) –3 dB frequencies measured for the PA‐C10, PA‐C40, PA‐D70 and TR43P telemeters were 57 ± 2 Hz, 40 ± 6 Hz, 32 ± 2 Hz and 173 ± 3 Hz, respectively.5. Simulation of the devices’ dynamic performance by applying their frequency responses to a high‐fidelity recording of arterial pressure demonstrated that the devices have sufficient bandwidth to accurately record arterial waveform dynamics. Experiments were also performed to determine how routine laboratory use and maintenance of the catheter affects the frequency response of the telemeters. Provided no air bubbles were introduced, these showed that the telemeters’ frequency responses were robust to the maintenance procedures of tip removal and gel application.6. The frequency response measurements, combined with simulation results, demonstrate that the systems tested have adequate dynamic performance to record arterial pressure.
Time to redefine the diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder
Authors: Poulton Alison S 
Published: May 2010

AbstractOppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a common and difficult problem that is regularly seen in general paediatric practice. Although classified as an independent diagnosis, ODD very commonly coexists with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but in contrast to the latter, there are few studies that deal specifically with ODD and there is a lack of formal management guidelines. However, if ODD was included as a subtype of ADHD, this exclusion would not be sustainable. This would make guidelines more helpful and relevant for Australian paediatricians who currently have little support beyond their own clinical experience in dealing with this often very disabling condition.
Immunohistochemical and Molecular Studies on Malignant Transformation in Mature Cystic Teratoma of the Ovary
Authors: Yoshioka Tomomi , Tanaka Toshinobu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives:To determine a useful tumor marker for detecting squamous cell carcinoma arising in a dermoid cyst, and to find the molecular pathogenesis of this condition.Methods:In 4 cases of squamous cell carcinoma arising in a dermoid cyst and 22 cases of dermoid cyst, we studied tissue expressions and serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), CA 19‐9 and CA 125, and the mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene.Results:Three of 4 malignant cases had either positive SCC expressions or elevated serum SCC levels. The mean serum SCC level in benign cases was below the cut‐off level. CA 19‐9 and CA 125 were not detected in squamous cell carcinoma. p53 overexpressions were observed in all malignancies.Conclusion:These results suggested that the serum SCC might be a useful marker for detecting squamous cell carcinoma arising in a dermoid cyst, and that the mutation of p53 might be one of the genetic events in the malignant transformation of a dermoid cyst.
Eclampsia: Is There a Seasonal Variation in Incidence?
Authors: Jamelle Raana N. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: To clarify whether seasonal variation of temperature and humidity has any effect on the incidence of eclampsia. Eclampsia is the second major cause of maternal mortality in Pakistan.Methods:Data was collected monthwise for the year 1996 from 4 large Govt. teaching hospitals of 4 provincial metropolis of Pakistan. Each province has diverse climate with considerable variation of air temperature and humidity.Results:There were 395 cases of eclampsia amongst 18,483 deliveries in 1996, giving an incidence of 2.14%.In Karachi (Sindh Province) with mild hot and humid climate and mild winter months, there was increase in eclampsia cases from April‐July and in September. Otherwise the incidence remained stable.In Rawalpindi (Punjab Province) with moderately hot summer and cold winter, it was highest in hot season from May to September but was stable in winter. In Peshawar (N.W.F.P) and Quetta (Baluchistan Province) with more severe cold and dry winter the incidence peaked in winter and summer months both.Conclusions: The pattern of eclampsia cases showed variations in extremes of temperature but it was stable in mild weather. However, the statistical analysis revealed non‐significant relationship of incidence of eclampsia with temperature when analysed by linear regression analysis.
A Case of Mid‐Trimester Intrauterine Fetal Death with Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Murakami Soh , Saitoh Masahiro , Kubo Takeshi , Kawakami Yasushi , Yamashita Kamejiro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA 34‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome after her first pregnancy ended in intrauterine fetal death at 25 weeks' gestation. She subsequently had a successful pregnancy after treatment of her disease. Although patients with Cushing's syndrome rarely conceive, abortion, preterm labor, and intrauterine growth retardation are common when they do.
A. Case of Primary Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Uterine Cervix Treated by Combination Chemotherapy (THP‐COP)
Authors: Nasu Kaei , Yoshimatsu Jun , Urata Kenichiro , Miyakawa Isao 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe present a case of primary non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of the uterine cervix, Ann Arbor stage IE. This 64‐year‐old multiparous Japanese woman showed markedly elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and of soluble interleukin‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) at the time of diagnosis. Combination chemotherapy was administered and consisted of pirarubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, and prednisolone (THP‐COP). After 3 courses of such therapy, the serum levels of LDH and of sIL‐2R decreased within normal limits, and the patient achieved a complete remission.
Ultrashort‐Time FISH for Identification of the Sex of Peripheral‐Blood Lymphocytes and Preimplantation Embryos
Authors: Ikeda Toshiro , Fujino Toshinori , Nagata Yukihiro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to shorten the time required for sex determination using peripheral‐blood lymphocytes and blastomeres of human preimplantation embryos by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).Methods: Peripheral‐blood lymphocytes from a male and a female, and 8 blastomeres from 2 preimplantation embryos were analyzed by FISH. The probes used were DYZ1 and DXZ1. The hybridization time was shortened from overnight to 30 minutes or 5 minutes, and the accuracy of FISH was compared between 5‐minute, 30‐minute and overnight hybridization.Results: The accuracy of the identification of the sex of lymphocytes by 5‐minute hybridization FISH was more than 90%, and was the same as that achieved by 30‐minute‐ and overnight hybridization FISH. In 5‐minute hybridization FISH, the entire process was only 63 minutes. Of the 8 blastomeres, it was possible to identify the sex of 5 and was impossible to determine the sex of 1, with 2 being lost during the procedure.Conclusions: We have established an ultrashort‐time FISH method for sex determination that takes only 63 minutes.
The First 2 Case Reports of Frozen Embryo Donation Twin Pregnancies in Singapore: Hormonal Profiles and Obstetrical Outcome
Authors: Chan Clement L. K. , Kumar Jothi , Yong Eu L. , Fong Chui Y. , Bongso Ariff , Ng Soon C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA 35‐year‐old woman with premature ovarian failure and another 30‐year‐old woman with gonadal dysgenesis were the recepients of donated supernumerous frozen embryos after successfully prepared with cyclic steroid replacement therapy as described previously.1,2)One patient received 4 and the second 2 frozen embryos, transferred transcer‐vically on the 3rd day of progesterone administration. Both patients had viable twin pregnancies. The plasma βhCG levels for both patients at 2 weeks post replacement (4 weeks gestation) were lower than the median values in our normal, uncomplicated singleton pregnancy for the same gestation. The levels after 4 weeks post‐replacement (6 weeks gestation) became comparable. Plasma progesterone profiles suggested a level of above 70 ng/ml would be enough to support the twin pregnancies.The first patient developed antepartum haemorrhage of unknown origin at 34 weeks of gestation preceding preterm premature rupture of membranes and subsequently had preterm labour. The second patient developed proteinuric hypertension at 33 weeks of gestation. Both ended in a lower segment cesarean section.Both sets of twins and their mothers were discharged well.
Comparison of Lytic Cocktail and Magnesium Sulphate Regimens in Eclampsia: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Sawhney Harjeet , Vasishta Kala , Rani Kamla 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRetrospective analysis of eclamptic patients was done during two time periods. In time period A (Jan. 1987‐Dec. 1988), 79 patients of eclampsia were treated with lytic cocktail and in time period B (April 1992‐April 1994), 104 eclamptic patients were treated with magnesium sulfate. The severity of disease, details of labour, delivery, incidence of persistent convulsions and the maternal and perinatal outcomes were compared. Incidence of persistent convulsions was significantly lower with magnesium sulphate (4.8%) compared to lytic cocktail (26.6%). No difference was observed in duration of labour and mode of delivery. Perinatal mortality was significantly lower in magnesium sulphate treated group. Maternal mortality was similar in both the groups (lytic cocktail‐3.8%, Magnesium sulphate‐2.9%).
Inhibitory Effects of Catecholamines and Maternal Stress on Aromatase Activity in the Fetal Rat Brain
Authors: Jimbo Masatoshi , Okubo Kazutoshi , Toma Yoshiro , Shimizu Yukiko , Saito Hiroshi , Yanaihara Takumi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: Aromatization in the the fetal brain is thought to be involved both in sex differentiation during early development and in adult sexual behavior. Although recently the relationship between aromatase and catecholamine has been disscussed, the effect of stress on aromatase in the fetal brain has not been clarified. Therefore, in the present study, localization of aromatase and the inhibitory effects of catecholamines and maternal stress on aromatase activity in the fetal rat brain were examined.Methods: Localization of aromatase cytochrome P‐450 using a specific poly‐clonal antiserum against human placenta aromatase was examined, and the inhibitory effects of dopamine and norepinephrine on aromatase activity in vitro were studied. Further, the influences of intrauterine stress on aromatase activity in the prenatal rat brain were evaluated in vivo.Results: Aromatase‐immunoreactive neurons are located principally in the medial amygdaloid nucleus. Aromatase activity in the fetal rat brain was competitively inhibited by dopamine and norepinephrine, with Ki values of 120/XM and 100 JIM, respectively. Aromatase activity in the fetal brain was significantly lower in stressed rats given 1.5% salt water (89.2 ± 17.5 fmol/mg/hr; n = 4) (p < 0.05) than in the control group (123.1 ±10.0 fmol/mg/hr; n = 4).Conclusion: Aromatase activity in the prenatal rat brain is influenced by catecholamine metabolism during intrauterine stress.
A Prospective, Open, Randomized Clinical Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Two Gonadotropin Preparations Administered in WHO Group II Anovulatory Subfertile Women
Authors: Ernest Ng Hung‐yu , Flora Tang Oi‐shan , William So Wai‐Ki , Pak‐chung Ho 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective:To assess the efficacy and safety of 2 gonadotropin preparations in inducing ovulation in clomiphene‐resistant WHO Group II anovulatory subfertile women.Methods: Twenty patients were randomized to receive either Metrodin intramuscularly or Metrodin HP subcutaneously and underwent 45 treatment cycles. A maximum of 3 cycles were offered unless conception or severe adverse reaction occurred. The presence of redness, swelling, bruising and pain of the injection sites was noted and compared.Results:Seven patients became pregnant (3 in the Metrodin group and 4 in the Metrodin HP group) and the pregnancy rates per patient and per cycle were 7/20 (35%) and 7/45 (15.6%), respectively. No local reactions were found in the majority of cycles. There was no significant difference in pregnancy rates and the number of cycles complicated by bruise, pain, itching, redness or swelling between these 2 groups.Conclusions: This clinical study shows that in WHO Group II anovulatory patients Metrodin HP administered subcutaneously by self‐injection is as safe and effective as Metrodin administered intramuscularly in inducing ovulation.
Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta in Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Fukada Yukihito , Okuda Yasuhiko , Yasumizu Takehiko , Hoshi Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIf pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLAVA) exists in the vagina or cervical os of the uterus, it may cause premature labor and premature rupture of the membranes.
Menstrual Disorders in Patients Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Kawashima Rieko , Douchi Tsutomu , Oki Toshimichi , Yoshinaga Mitsuhiro , Nagata Yukihiro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective:To investigate the etiology of menstrual disorders in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (CHD).Methods:The menstrual histories, along with hormonal, biochemical, and hematological data, were investigated in 25 reproductive‐aged CHD patients.Results:All subjects had had regular menstrual cycles before entering CHD therapy. Of the 20 women who developed amenorrhea after beginning CHD therapy, 8 showed a return to their regular cycles and 6 improved to oligomenorrhea, 3 months to 66 months later, while 6 remained amenorrheic. The serum prolactin (PRL) levels were significantly higher in the patients (n = 9) with normogonado‐tropic amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea than in patients (n= 13) with regular cycles (53.6 ± 36.2 vs 27.8 + 15.2 ng/ml, p < 0.05). The serum LH levels were high in both groups. In a cross‐sectional study, the serum PRL levels gradually decreased with longer duration of dialysis.Conclusions: Patients undergoing CHD are likely to develop menstrual disorders. Hyperprolactinemia in part contributes to these menstrual disorders. However, menstrual disorders in CHD patients tend to improve during long‐term follow‐up, because of the gradual decrease in serum PRL levels during long‐term CHD therapy.
An Immunohistochemical Study of Cadherin 5 (VE‐cadherin) in Vascular Endothelial Cells in Placentas with Gestosis
Authors: Kawashima Masanari , Kitagawa Michihiro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective:To evaluate vascular endothelial‐cell functioning in placentas with gestosis, using the monoclonal antibody to cadherin 5.Methods:The extra‐cellular moiety of cadherin 5 was transfected into L‐cells to enable us to examine their cell‐adhesion activity. The expression of cadherin 5 was evaluated in human umbilical‐vein endothelial cells and in placentas with gestosis by immunostaining using the anti‐cadherin 5 antibody. A microspectrophotometric study also was conducted of the placentas with gestosis.Results:We determined the total base sequence for cadherin 5 and found that it is homologus with a known cadherin but is a new, unique clone. Cadherin 5 has cell‐adhesion activity and is expressed in endothelial cells at the cell‐adhesion surface. The expression of cadherin 5 in endothelial cells took place in the placentas with gestosis, but to a lesser extent than in normal placental endothelial cells.Conclusions:The reduced expression of cadherin 5 in placentas with gestosis suggests that endothelial cell functioning is impaired in placentas with gestosis. Cadherin 5 in endothelial cells might influence placental functions and fetal development.
Current Status in Intrauterine Fetal Stem Cell Therapy
Authors: Pschera Helmut 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn utero fetal stem cell transplantation, a today experimental treatment option, represents a new therapeutic strategy with broad implications for diseases related to the hematopoietic system. The object of the present paper is to give a review of the published literature on fetal stem cell therapy with special reference to immunologi‐cal and strategical considerations. Furthermore, ethical considerations on account of the use of fetal cells are pointed out and a prospective view concerning experimental and clinical future perspectives is presented.
Conservative Surgery for Microinvasive Carcinoma of the Cervix
Authors: Winter Raimund 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the prognosis of patients with stage IA1 and IA2 micro‐carcinoma of the cervix according to the 1994 FIGO classification.Methods:The histologic specimens of 494 patients who underwent conization for microcarcinoma of the cervix between 1958 and 1992 were reviewed and classified according to the 1994 FIGO system.Results:After a mean follow‐up of 14 years (range, 1–35) 2 patients with stage IA1 tumors and 2 patients with stage IA2 tumors died of disease. Patients with early stromal invasion only accounted for 70% of patients with stage IA1 lesions. If these patients are excluded from stage IAI, the mortality rates for stages IA1 and IA2 did not differ significantly. Surgical radicality declined markedly during the study period.Conclusion:Neither the 1985 nor the 1994 FIGO classification of microcarcinoma can be used as a guide to therapy. Conization only suffices for patients with early stromal invasion or a depth of invasion of 1—3 mm without lymph vascular space involvement. Additional pelvic lymphadenectomy can be considered for patients with stage IAI lesions with lymph vascular space involvement. Removal of the tumor and pelvic lymphadenectomy is indicated for all patients with stage IA2 lesions, regardless of lymph vascular space involvement. Radical vaginal or radical abdominal hysterectomy represent overtreatment for patients with microcarcinomas because parametrial involvement in these patients has not been demonstrated.
Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT4) mRNA Abundance in the Adipose Tissue and Skeletal‐Muscle Tissue of Ovariectomized Rats Treated with 17β‐Estradiol or Progesterone
Authors: Sugaya Ayumi , Sugiyama Takashi , Yanase Sachiko , Terada Yumiko , Toyoda Nagayasu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: To investigate the effects of 17β‐estradiol and progesterone on the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in the adipose tissue and skeletal‐muscle tissue of ovariectomized rats.Methods: Female Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 63) received a daily subcutaneous injection of 10 μg, 50 μg, or 250 μg of 17β‐estradiol (Group E) or of 1 mg, 5 mg or 25 mg of progesterone (Group P) for 3 days, 7 days, or 10 days (n = 3, at each dose). The expression of GLUT4 mRNA was assessed by performing ribonuclease protection assays.Results: The levels of GLUT4 mRNA in adipose tissue was significantly reduced by treatment with estradiol, 50 μg or 250 μg, relative to findings in control rats (p < 0.01). No such reductions were seen regarding the progesterone treatment. The level of GLUT4 mRNA in skeletal‐muscle tissue did not change, regardless of treatment.Conclusion: In ovariectomized rats, higher than physiologic dosages of 17β‐estradiol can suppress the expression of GLUT4 mRNA in adipose tissue.