bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Submillijansky Radio-Quiet and Radio-Loud AGN in the Chandra Deep Field South
Authors: Padovani Paolo , Kellermann Ken , Fomalont Edward , Miller Neal , Tozzi Paolo , Mainieri Vincenzo , Rosati Piero 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe report on some preliminary results on the evolution and luminosity functions of submillijansky (sub-mJy) radio sources, based on the VLA Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) sample.
Beware of Fake AGNs
Authors: Stasińska G. , Vale Asari N. , Cid Fernandes R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn the BPT diagram, the distribution of the emission-line galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) evokes the wings of a seagull. Traditionally, galaxies in the right wing are considered to host AGNs. Our study of the stellar populations of SDSS galaxies showed that ~ 1/4 of galaxies thought to host LINERs are in fact “retired galaxies,” i.e., galaxies that stopped forming stars and are ionized by hot post-AGB stars and white dwarfs (Stasińska et al. 2008). When galaxies that lack some of the lines needed to place them in the BPT diagram are included, the fraction of retired galaxies is even larger (Cid Fernandeset al., these proceedings).
Toward Precision Measurement of Central Black Hole Masses
Authors: Peterson Bradley M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe review briefly direct and indirect methods of measuring the masses of black holes in galactic nuclei, and then focus attention on supermassive black holes in active nuclei, with special attention to results from reverberation mapping and their limitations. We find that the intrinsic scatter in the relationship between the AGN luminosity and the broad-line region size is very small, ~0.11 dex, comparable to the uncertainties in the better reverberation measurements. We also find that the relationship between reverberation-based black hole masses and host-galaxy bulge luminosities also seems to have surprisingly little intrinsic scatter, ~0.17 dex. We note, however, that there are still potential systematics that could affect the overall mass calibration at the level of a factor of a few.
An Hα Dynamical Mass for HE 0047–1756
Authors: Inskip K. J. , Jahnke K. , Rix H.-W. , Peng C. Y. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe derive Mbulge for HE 0047–1756 via Hα gas dynamics. The resulting large value of MBH/Mbulge may imply evolution in the correlation at high redshifts.
Quasar and Supermassive Black Hole Evolution
Authors: Croom Scott M. , Fine Stephen ,   the 2SLAQ Survey Team
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe present results from statistical analysis of the largest quasar surveys currently in existence: the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), the 2dF QSO Redshift Survey (2QZ), and the 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO (2SLAQ) Survey. The quasar luminosity function shows highly significant (>99.9%) evidence of downsizing: the number density of faint quasars peaks at lower redshift than bright quasars. We measure the distribution of quasar broad-line widths as a function of luminosity, particularly focusing on the Mg ii λ2799 line. There is a clear trend, such that more luminous quasars show less scatter in line width than fainter quasars. However, the scatter in line width for any given luminosity (particularly in the brightest objects) is so small that it challenges our current understanding of virial black hole mass estimates.
AGN Evolution from Large and Deep X-Ray Surveys
Authors: Brusa Marcella 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOver the last few years, the existence of mutual feedback effects between accreting supermassive black holes powering AGN and star formation in their host galaxies has become evident. This means that the formation and the evolution of AGN and galaxies should be considered as one and the same problem. As a consequence, the search for, and the characterization of the evolutionary and physical properties of AGN over a large redshift interval is a key topic of present research in the field of observational cosmology. Significant advances have been obtained in the last ten years thanks to the sizable number of XMM–Newton and Chandra surveys, complemented by multiwavelength follow-up programs. I will present some of the recent results and the ongoing efforts (mostly from the COSMOS and CDFS surveys) aimed at obtaining a complete census of accreting black holes in the universe, and a characterization of the properties of the host galaxies.
The Impact of Nuclear Star Formation on Gas Inflow to AGN
Authors: Davies R. I. , Hicks E. , Schartmann M. , Genzel R. , Tacconi L. J. , Engel H. , Burkert A. , Krause M. , Sternberg A. , Mueller Sánchez F. , Maciejewski W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOur adaptive optics observations of nearby AGN at spatial resolutions as small as 0.″085 show strong evidence for recent, but no longer active, nuclear star formation. We begin by describing observations that highlight two contrasting methods by which gas can flow into the central tens of parsecs. Gas accumulation in this region will inevitably lead to a starburst, and we discuss the evidence for such events. We then turn to the impact of stellar evolution on the further inflow of gas by combining a phenomenological approach with analytical modelling and hydrodynamic simulations. These complementary perspectives paint a picture in which all the processes are ultimately regulated by the mass accretion rate into the central hundred parsecs, and the ensuing starburst that occurs there. The resulting supernovae delay accretion by generating a starburst wind, which leaves behind a clumpy interstellar medium. This provides an ideal environment for slower stellar outflows to accrete inwards and form a dense turbulent disk on scales of a few parsecs. Such a scenario may resolve the discrepancy between the larger scale structure seen with adaptive optics and the small-scale structure seen with VLTI.
Inflows and Outflows in Nearby AGN from Integral Field Spectroscopy
Authors: Storchi-Bergmann Thaisa 
Published: June 2010

AbstractI report recent results on the kinematics of the inner few hundred parsecs (pc) around nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN) at a sampling of a few pc to a few tens of pc, using optical and near-infrared (near-IR) integral field spectroscopy obtained with the Gemini telescopes. The stellar kinematics of the hosts — comprised mostly of spiral galaxies — are dominated by circular rotation in the plane of the galaxy. Inflows with velocities of ~50 km s−1 have been observed along nuclear spiral arms in (optical) ionized gas emission for low-luminosity AGN and in (near-IR) molecular gas emission for higher-luminosity AGN. We have also observed gas rotating in the galaxy plane, sometimes in compact (few tens of pc) disks which may be fuelling the AGN. Outflows have been observed mostly in ionized gas emission from the narrow-line region, whose flux distributions and kinematics frequently correlate with radio flux distributions. Channel maps along the emission-line profiles reveal velocities as high as ~ 600 km s−1. Mass outflow rates in ionized gas range from 10−2 to 10−3M⊙ yr−1 and are 10–100 times larger than the mass accretion rates on to the AGN, supporting an origin for the bulk of the outflow in gas from the galaxy plane entrained by a nuclear jet or accretion disk wind.
Precession in Extragalactic Parsec-Scale Accretion Disks
Authors: Caproni Anderson , Livio Mario , Abraham Zulema , Mosquera Cuesta Herman J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this work, we study the feasibility of four physical mechanisms for driving jet/disk precession in the galaxies NGC 4258, NGC 1068, 3C 120, OJ 287 and Arp 102B. Given the many observational uncertainties that still exist in the parameters of those AGN, we find that it is difficult to discriminate unambiguously what mechanism is actually responsible for precession.
Radio-Mode Feedback in Massive Galaxies at Redshift 0 < z < 1
Authors: Sadler Elaine M. , Croom Scott M. , Ching John H. Y. , Johnston Helen M. , Cannon Russell D. , Mauch Tom 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe have carried out a large observational study of the radio luminosities, stellar populations, and environments of massive galaxies over the redshift range 0 < z < 1. Radio jets powered by an accreting central black hole are common in massive galaxies, and there is a large class of “optically quiet AGN,” with radio emission but no optical/IR signature of black-hole accretion. The central black holes in these galaxies are probably accreting in a radiatively inefficient mode, and our results suggest that “radio-mode feedback” as described by Croton et al. is likely to occur in all masssive early-type galaxies at z < 0.8. While it appears that radio-loud AGN occur episodically in all massive early-type galaxies, we also identify a sub-population of galaxies with powerful radio sources and a prominent younger (~ 108 yr) stellar population that may have undergone recent mergers.
Cold and Warm Gas Outflows in Radio AGN
Authors: Morganti Raffaella , Holt Joanna , Tadhunter Clive , Oosterloo Tom 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe study of the conditions and the kinematics of the gas in the central region of AGN provides important information on the relevance of feedback effects connected to the nuclear activity. Quantifying these effects is key for constraining galaxy evolution models. Here we present a short summary of our recent efforts to study the occurrence and the impact of gas outflows in radio-loud AGN that are in their first phase of their evolution. Clear evidence for AGN-induced outflows has been found for the majority of these young radio sources. The outflows are detected both in (warm) ionized as well in (cold) atomic neutral gas, and they are likely to be driven (at least in most of the cases) by the interaction between the expanding jet and the medium. The mass outflow rates of the cold gas (Hi) appear to be systematically higher than those of the ionized gas. The former reach up to ~50 M⊙ yr−1 and are in the same range as “mild” starburst-driven superwinds in ULIRGs, whilst the latter are currently estimated to be a few solar masses per year. However, the kinetic powers associated with these gaseous outflows are a relatively small fraction (a few × 10−4) of the Eddington luminosity of the galaxy. Thus, they do not appear to match the requirements of the galaxy evolution feedback models.
FUV Emission in Cool-Core Clusters
Authors: Oonk J. B. R. , Jaffe W. , Bremer M. N. , Hatch N. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFar ultraviolet (FUV) emission is observed in the central regions of cool-core clusters with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). It is traced out to 20 kpc from the nuclei of the brightest cluster galaxies and found to be distributed in clumps and filaments, as shown in Figure 1. The FUV emission matches the global structure of the ionized gas nebulae. If produced by stars, this emission can account for the ionization but not the temperature of the gas (Voit & Donahue 1997; Oonk et al. in preparation).
Long-Term Control of Endemic Hospital-Wide Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA): The Impact of Targeted Active Surveillance for MRSA in Patients and Healthcare Workers
Authors: Jesús Rodríguez-Baño Jesus , García Lola , Ramírez Encarnación , Lupión Carmen , Muniain Miguel A. , Velasco Carmen , Gálvez Juan , del Toro M. Dolores , Millán Antonio B. , López-Cerero Lorena , Pascual Alvaro 
Published: June 2010

Objective.To evaluate the long-term impact of successive interventions on rates of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) colonization or infection and MRSA bacteremia in an endemic hospital-wide situation.Design.Quasi-experimental, interrupted time-series analysis. The impact of the interventions was analyzed by use of segmented regression. Representative MRSA isolates were typed by use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.Setting.A 950-bed teaching hospital in Seville, Spain.Patients.All patients admitted to the hospital during the period from 1995 through 2008.Methods.Three successive interventions were studied: (1) contact precautions, with no active surveillance for MRSA; (2) targeted active surveillance for MRSA in patients and healthcare workers in specific wards, prioritized according to clinical epidemiology data; and (3) targeted active surveillance for MRSA in patients admitted from other medical centers.Results.Neither the preintervention rate of MRSA colonization or infection (0.56 cases per 1,000 patient-days [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.49-0.62 cases per 1,000 patient-days]) nor the slope for the rate of MRSA colonization or infection changed significantly after the first intervention. The rate decreased significantly to 0.28 cases per 1,000 patient-days (95% CI, 0.17-0.40 cases per 1,000 patient-days) after the second intervention and to 0.07 cases per 1,000 patient-days (95% CI, 0.06-0.08 cases per 1,000 patient-days) after the third intervention, and the rate remained at a similar level for 8 years. The MRSA bacteremia rate decreased by 80%, whereas the rate of bacteremia due to methicillin-susceptibleS. aureusdid not change. Eighty-three percent of the MRSA isolates identified were clonally related. All MRSA isolates obtained from healthcare workers were clonally related to those recovered from patients who were in their care.Conclusion.Our data indicate that long-term control of endemic MRSA is feasible in tertiary care centers. The use of targeted active surveillance for MRSA in patients and healthcare workers in specific wards (identified by means of analysis of clinical epidemiology data) and the use of decolonization were key to the success of the program.
Evolution and Function of the Plant Cell Wall Synthesis-Related Glycosyltransferase Family 8
Authors: Yin Yanbin , Chen Huiling , Hahn Michael G. , Mohnen Debra , Xu Ying 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzyme glycosyltransferase family 8 (GT8) includes the plant galacturonosyltransferase1-related gene family of proven and putative α-galacturonosyltransferase (GAUT) and GAUT-like (GATL) genes. We computationally identified and investigated this family in 15 fully sequenced plant and green algal genomes and in the National Center for Biotechnology Information nonredundant protein database to determine the phylogenetic relatedness of the GAUTs and GATLs to other GT8 family members. The GT8 proteins fall into three well-delineated major classes. In addition to GAUTs and GATLs, known or predicted to be involved in plant cell wall biosynthesis, class I also includes a lower plant-specific GAUT and GATL-related (GATR) subfamily, two metazoan subfamilies, and proteins from other eukaryotes and cyanobacteria. Class II includes galactinol synthases and plant glycogenin-like starch initiation proteins that are not known to be directly involved in cell wall synthesis, as well as proteins from fungi, metazoans, viruses, and bacteria. Class III consists almost entirely of bacterial proteins that are lipooligo/polysaccharide α-galactosyltransferases and α-glucosyltransferases. Sequence motifs conserved across all GT8 subfamilies and those specific to plant cell wall-related GT8 subfamilies were identified and mapped onto a predicted GAUT1 protein structure. The tertiary structure prediction identified sequence motifs likely to represent key amino acids involved in catalysis, substrate binding, protein-protein interactions, and structural elements required for GAUT1 function. The results show that the GAUTs, GATLs, and GATRs have a different evolutionary origin than other plant GT8 genes, were likely acquired from an ancient cyanobacterium (Synechococcus) progenitor, and separate into unique subclades that may indicate functional specialization.
Icelandic and United States families of adolescents with asthma: predictors of health‐related quality of life from the parents’ perspective
Authors: Svavarsdottir Erla K , Burkhart Patricia V , Rayens Mary K , Orlygsdottir Brynja , Oakley Marsha G 
Published: June 2010

Aims.  To evaluate cultural differences in sociodemographic factors, illness severity and parents’ perception of their adolescent’s quality of life for Icelandic and USA families of adolescents with asthma; and to determine predictors of parent‐rated quality of life.Background.  Asthma is known to have an impact on the quality of life of affected adolescents and their families, but few studies have addressed parents’ perception of their adolescent’s health‐related quality of life.Design.  Cross‐sectional exploratory study.Method.  The study involved families of adolescents with asthma included 15 from Iceland and 15 from USA, recruited from paediatric practices. Parent and adolescent participants completed questionnaires; this study is based on the parent responses. Data were collected from January–May 2006.Findings.  While parents from Iceland and USA were similar in demographic characteristics, parents from Iceland rated their children’s health‐related quality of life (PedsQLTM 3.0, Varni 1998) more positively than did USA parents, even though Icelandic parents were more likely than their USA counterparts to report that their adolescent’s asthma is severe. Significant predictors of parent‐rated quality of life included location (higher scores for Icelandic parents), gender (higher scores for parents of boys), exposure to second hand smoke in the home (higher scores for those not exposed) and frequency of troublesome wheezing (higher scores for lower frequency).Conclusion.  Quality of life has been acknowledged as an essential health outcome measure. Even though gender difference was not found in asthma severity, parents of boys perceived their adolescent’s quality of life as more positive compared with parents of girls. It might be helpful for Icelandic and USA families to integrate into care delivery models, cultural differences in parent‐rated quality of life.Relevance to clinical practice.  Asthma management interventions may improve quality of life for adolescents with asthma by reducing symptoms. Interventions promoting smoke‐free homes and enhanced self‐monitoring to prevent exacerbations may improve quality of life.
Insight and quality of life in long‐term hospitalized Japanese patients with chronic schizophrenia
Authors: Nakamae Takashi , Kitabayashi Yurinosuke , Okamura Aiko , Shibata Keisuke , Iwahashi Sachiko , Naka Fumiko , Morinobu Midori , Watanabe Mika , Narumoto Jin , Kitabayashi Masaki , Fukui Kenji 
Published: June 2010

Aim:  The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between insight and quality of life (QOL) and the respective predictive factors in long‐term hospitalized patients with chronic schizophrenia.Methods:  The present subjects were 47 Japanese patients with chronic schizophrenia who were hospitalized for >1 year (mean hospitalization period, 9.8 years). Assessments were made using the Scale of Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD) and the EuroQoL‐5 Dimensions (EQ‐5D) scale. Sociodemographic details and illness‐related variables were also evaluated, including use of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.Results:  There was no association between SUMD and EQ‐5D scores. Hallucinatory behavior was a predictor of good insight. Poor rapport was a predictor of bad insight. Poor attention was a predictor of bad QOL.Conclusion:  The relationship between insight and QOL and the respective predictive factors might be different between acute and chronic stages. Further studies are needed to investigate how these changes occur.
Current development and future prospects in chemotherapy of tuberculosis
Authors: NUERMBERGER Eric L. , SPIGELMAN Melvin K. , YEW Wing Wai 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTAlthough treatment of drug‐susceptible tuberculosis (TB) under ideal conditions may be successful in ≥95% of cases, cure rates in the field are often significantly lower due to the logistical challenges of administering and properly supervising the intake of combination chemotherapy for 6–9 months. Success rates are far worse for multidrug‐resistant and extensively drug‐resistant TB cases. There is general agreement that new anti‐TB drugs are needed to shorten or otherwise simplify treatment for drug‐susceptible and multidrug‐resistant/extensively drug‐resistant‐TB, including TB associated with HIV infection. For the first time in over 40 years, a nascent pipeline of new anti‐TB drug candidates has been assembled. Eleven candidates from seven classes are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. They include novel chemical entities belonging to entirely new classes of antibacterials, agents approved for use against infections other than TB, and an agent already approved for limited use against TB. In this article, we review the current state of TB treatment and its limitations and provide updates on the status of new drugs in clinical trials. In the conclusion, we briefly highlight ongoing efforts to discover new compounds and recent advances in alternative drug delivery systems.
Fulminant community‐acquired pneumonia probably caused by Acinetobacter lwoffii
Authors: TOYOSHIMA Mikio , CHIDA Kingo , SUDA Takafumi 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTWe describe a case of fulminant community‐acquired pneumonia probably caused by Acinetobacter lwoffii. A 63‐year‐old woman was admitted with an acute respiratory illness and consolidation in the right upper lobe. She deteriorated rapidly despite antibiotic therapy, and required ventilatory support. The patient died of multiple organ failure and intractable shock, 7 days after admission to hospital; her disease was probably caused by A. lwoffii.
Local‐ to continental‐scale variation in the richness and composition of an aquatic food web
Authors: Buckley Hannah L. , Miller Thomas E. , Ellison Aaron M. , Gotelli Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTAim  We investigated patterns of species richness and composition of the aquatic food web found in the liquid‐filled leaves of the North American purple pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea (Sarraceniaceae), from local to continental scales.Location  We sampled 20 pitcher‐plant communities at each of 39 sites spanning the geographic range of S. purpurea– from northern Florida to Newfoundland and westward to eastern British Columbia.Methods  Environmental predictors of variation in species composition and species richness were measured at two different spatial scales: among pitchers within sites and among sites. Hierarchical Bayesian models were used to examine correlates and similarities of species richness and abundance within and among sites.Results  Ninety‐two taxa of arthropods, protozoa and bacteria were identified in the 780 pitcher samples. The variation in the species composition of this multi‐trophic level community across the broad geographic range of the host plant was lower than the variation among pitchers within host‐plant populations. Variation among food webs in richness and composition was related to climate, pore‐water chemistry, pitcher‐plant morphology and leaf age. Variation in the abundance of the five most common invertebrates was also strongly related to pitcher morphology and site‐specific climatic and other environmental variables.Main conclusions  The surprising result that these communities are more variable within their host‐plant populations than across North America suggests that the food web in S. purpurea leaves consists of two groups of species: (1) a core group of mostly obligate pitcher‐plant residents that have evolved strong requirements for the host plant and that co‐occur consistently across North America, and (2) a larger set of relatively uncommon, generalist taxa that co‐occur patchily.