bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total vascular hepatic exclusion for tumor resection: a new approach to the intrathoracic inferior vena cava through the abdominal cavity by cutting the diaphragm vertically without cutting the pericardium
Authors: Mizuno Shugo , Kato Hiroyuki , Azumi Yoshinori , Kishiwada Masashi , Hamada Takashi , Usui Masanobu , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Tabata Masami , Shimpo Hideto , Isaji Shuji 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFor the resection of advanced liver tumors in which the tumor thrombus extends into the intrathoracic inferior vena cava (IVC) above the diaphragm, surgeons need very skillful techniques and much experience. However, after detachment of the line of fusion of the pericardium to the diaphragm (LFPD), the intrathoracic IVC can be exposed easily. We herein present this novel surgical method, an approach to the intrathoracic IVC through the abdominal cavity. A 66 year‐old man was referred to our hospital because of high‐grade fever. Computed tomography revealed a large tumor of the left hepatic lobe with tumor thrombus extending into the intrathoracic IVC through the left hepatic vein. Laboratory data showed elevated levels of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) (726 ng/ml) and protein induced by vitamin K absence (114 AU/ml). The patient was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of the left hepatic lobe with tumor thrombus extending into the IVC. He underwent left hepatectomy with partial resection of the IVC and intravascular tumor thrombectomy under total hepatic vascular exclusion (THVE) without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Before THVE, we approached the IVC through the abdominal cavity with vertical dissection of the diaphragm after detachment of the LFPD without cutting the pericardium or performing median sternotomy. This procedure could be very beneficial and helpful for many liver surgeons.
What family studies teach us about suicidal behavior: Implications for research, treatment, and prevention
Authors: Brent D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSuicidal behavior is transmitted within families, above and beyond the transmission of psychiatric disorder. The familial phenotype of suicidal behavior includes suicide completion and attempts, but not suicidal ideation, the latter of which is transmitted along with depression. The familial transmission of early-onset suicidal behavior is co-transmitted with, and appears to be mediated by the transmission of impulsive aggression. Additionally, the familial transmission of suicidal behavior is, in part, mediated by the familial transmission of abuse. Moreover, high family loading for mood disorder and suicidal behavior are related to multi-generational abuse, impulsive aggression, and early-onset of mood disorder and of suicidal behavior.
Stress, genetics and epigenetic effects on the neurobiology of suicidal behavior and depression
Authors: Mann J.J. , Currier D.M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAlterations in a number of neurobiological systems have been associated with suicidal behavior including the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Altered functioning of these systems may stem from both genetic and developmental causes. Adversity in early-life has developmental consequences on these systems that persist into adulthood. Genetic differences may also contribute to alterations in functioning of neurobiological systems. Moreover, the interaction of early-life experiences of adversity and genetic vulnerability is increasingly thought to play a role, including via epigenetic mechanisms.
Natural history of infections with high‐risk HPV in Chinese women with abnormal cervical cytology findings at baseline
Authors: Guo Yan‐li , You Ke , Qiao Jie , Zhao Yi‐ming , Liu Cong‐rong , Geng Li 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify the natural history of disease in Chinese women with benign cytologic observation and positive for high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV).MethodFrom September 1, 2004, to June 30, 2008, this prospective study followed up 893 women positive for HR‐HPV who also had benign cytologic findings at baseline.ResultsAfter 3 to 57 months, the viral clearance rate was higher for patients younger than 30 years and for patients who had a low viral load at baseline than for those in their comparison groups. Conversely, the occurrence rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or 3 was higher for patients with persistent HR‐HPV infection, those who had CIN 1 at baseline, and those whose the second viral load was increased.ConclusionAge, viral load, and presence of CIN 1 at the first evaluation were the main factors affecting the natural history of HR‐HPV infection in women with benign baseline cytologic findings. The result(s) of the second HR‐HPV testing were independent indicators of histologic progression.
Transtympanic Ringer's lactate application in the prevention of cisplatinum‐induced ototoxicity in a chinchilla animal model
Authors: Munguia Raymundo , Sahmkow Sofia I. , Funnell W. Robert J. , Daniel Sam J. 
Published: May 2010

ObjectiveOtotoxicity is currently the most frequent dose‐limiting side effect of cisplatinum chemotherapy. To date, there is no protocol to prevent dose‐related ototoxicity, despite its prevalence and predictability. Previous animal studies have found lactate to be effective in the prevention of cisplatinum‐induced ototoxicity. The objective of this study was to test the protective benefits of transtympanic Ringer's lactate in the prevention of cisplatinum‐induced ototoxicity.Study DesignA randomized prospective controlled trial was conducted in an animal model.SettingAnimal care research facilities of The Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute.Subjects and MethodsA total of 44 chinchillas were exposed to systemic cisplatinum injected intraperitoneally in divided cycles to reach the targeted cumulative dosage of 16 mg/kg. Ototopical application of Ringer's lactate solution 0.2 mL twice per day during the chemotherapy cycles was performed. Each animal had one experimental (Ringer's) and one control ear. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were collected for a wide range of frequencies (between 1 and 16 kHz), and scanning electron microscopy was performed to evaluate the protective effects of Ringer's lactate.ResultsOtotopical application of Ringer's lactate solution in our established chinchilla animal model did not provide an otoprotective effect as measured by the DPOAE response and electron microscopy.ConclusionIn our study, the intratympanic application of Ringer's lactate solution through a tympanostomy ventilation tube did not provide an otoprotective effect. Further studies are needed to better assess the otoprotective or ototoxic effects of Ringer's lactate and other antioxidants on animal and human hearing.
Fluid intake and nutritional risk in non-critically ill patients at hospital referral
Authors: Cereda Emanuele , Pedrolli Carlo , Lucchin Lucio , D'Amicis Amleto , Gentile Maria Gabriella , Battistini Nino Carlo , Fusco Maria Antonia , Palmo Augusta , Muscaritoli Maurizio 
Published: May 2010

The association between hyporexia/anorexia, reduced food intake and disease-related malnutrition at hospital admission is well established. However, information on fluid intake according to nutritional risk has never been provided. Thus, we assessed the attitude and adequacy of fluid intake among case-mix hospitalised patients according to nutritional risk. A sample of 559 non-critically ill patients randomly taken from medical and surgical wards was evaluated. Nutritional risk was diagnosed by the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002. Usual fluid consumption the week before admission was assessed and categorised as < 5 and ≥ 5 cups/d (1 cup = 240 ml), with the acceptable intake being ≥ 5 cups/d. Prevalence of nutritional risk was 57·2 %, and 46·2 % of the patients reported a fluid intake < 5 cups/d. Multiple-adjusted logistic regression revealed that age ≥ 65 years (OR: 1·88 (95 % CI: 1·03, 3·43); P < 0·04), energy intake (for every 25 % increase in food intake compared with estimated requirements, OR: 0·37 (95 % CI: 0·25, 0·55); P < 0·001) and the number of drugs taken (every three-drug increase, OR: 0·63 (95 % CI: 0·44, 0·90); P < 0·02) were independently associated with inadequate fluid intake ( < 5 cups/d). A significant independent association was also found with nutritional risk (OR: 0·64 (95 % CI: 0·43, 0·95); P < 0·03). Nutritional risk appears to be positively associated with greater fluid intake in non-acute hospitalised patients, but both the reasons and the consequences of this relationship, as well as the impact on clinical practice, need to be explored. However, water replacement by oral nutritional support should take advantage of the patients' attitude to assuming a greater fluid intake, limiting at the same time fluid overload during the refeeding phase.
Effect of mild restriction of food intake on gene expression profile in the liver of young rats: reference data for in vivo nutrigenomics study
Authors: Saito Kenji , Ohta Yutaka , Sami Manabu , Kanda Tomomasa , Kato Hisanori 
Published: May 2010

Recent transcriptomics studies on the effect of long-term or severe energy restriction (ER) have revealed that many genes are dynamically modulated by this condition in rodents. The present study was conducted to define the global gene expression profile in response to mild ER treatment. Growing rats were fed with reduced amount of diet (5–30 % ER) for 1 week or 1 month. Using DNA microarray analysis of the liver, seventy-two genes that were consistently changed through the different ER levels were identified. Many were related to lipid metabolism including genes encoding key enzymes such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and fatty acid synthase. Interestingly, a number of genes were altered even by 5 % ER for 1 week where no differences in weight gain were observed. The information obtained in the present study can be used as a valuable reference data source in the transcriptomics studies of food and nutrition in which subtle differences in food intake sometimes hinder appropriate interpretation of the data.
The Industrial Distribution of the Urban and Rural Workforces: Estimates for the United States, 1870–1910
Authors: Weiss Thomas 
Published: May 2010

The purpose of this article was to present the estimates of the urban and rural workforces derived from census data. These censusbased estimates present a fairly consistent pattern of change over time, and appear useful even in their present state. These estimates should be tested further against other time series so that we will eventually have a sound urban and rural workforce series with which to better analyze the process of structural change. The limited use to which these estimates were put in the present article yielded some interesting results, as well as some suggestions for further research.In terms of the United States workforce, changes in the industrial distribution reflect predominantly the relative shift in population from rural to urban areas, and little change in the workforce structure of either area. Indeed, at the sectoral level, there appears to have been more change occurring in rural than in urban areas. On the other hand, within the service sector there was more erratic change occurring in the rural areas than in the cities, but the differences may be easily reconciled. The urban sector experienced a more rapid increase and greater variability in the participation rate than did the rural sector. The pattern of variability was compared with the known evidence on unemployment, and variation in the former appears explicable in terms of variation in the latter.
Stages in Corporate Stability and the Risks of Corporate Failure
Authors: Edwards Richard C. 
Published: May 2010

Few would deny that the U.S. economy is today dominated by huge corporations. Much recent writing has proposed that these corporations form a stable and monopolistic (or oligopolistic) “core” around which a more competitive “peripheral” sector exists. Firms in the core are said to be “eternal,” while firms in the periphery demonstrate the mortality and high turnover expected in competitive industries. In another context, Paul Baran and Paul Sweezy emphasized the permanence of big corporations when they noted:
The real capitalist today is not the individual businessman but the corporation. …The giant corporation of today is an engine for maximizing profits and accumulating capital to at least as great an extent as the individual enterprise of an earlier period. But it is not merely an enlarged and institutionalized version of the personal capitalist. There are major differences between these types of business enterprise, and at least two of them are of key importance to a general theory of monopoly capitalism: the corporation has a longer time horizon than the individual capitalist, and it is a more rational calculator.
Exchanges of Professionals between the Public and Non-Governmental Sectors: Life-work Histories from Bangladesh
Authors: LEWIS DAVID 
Published: May 2010

AbstractUsing recently-collected ethnographic life history data, this paper analyses in historical context the shifting boundary between governmental and non-governmental ‘worlds’ in Bangladesh. First, the paper explores the ways in which this boundary is an ambiguous one, and aims to show how it is constructed and maintained, through an analysis of new types of ‘boundary-crossing’ professionals who cross between the two sectors in the course of their career trajectories and their social relationships. Second, it suggests that such movements across this boundary throws light on changing professional identities in Bangladesh, such as what it means to work as a public servant or a development worker. High-achieving university graduates are now less likely to choose civil service careers than they once were, because new opportunities exist for them to work more flexibly as ‘non-governmental professionals’ in roles that may allow them to combine professional, consultant and activist identities.
New networked technologies and carers of people with dementia: an interview study
Authors: POWELL JOHN , GUNN LEE , LOWE PAM , SHEEHAN BART , GRIFFITHS FRANCES , CLARKE AILEEN 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTDementia is one of the greatest contemporary health and social care challenges, and novel approaches to the care of its sufferers are needed. New information and communication technologies (ICT) have the potential to assist those caring for people with dementia, through access to networked information and support, tracking and surveillance. This article reports the views about such new technologies of 34 carers of people with dementia. We also held a group discussion with nine carers for respondent validation. The carers' actual use of new ICT was limited, although they thought a gradual increase in the use of networked technology in dementia care was inevitable but would bypass some carers who saw themselves as too old. Carers expressed a general enthusiasm for the benefits of ICT, but usually not for themselves, and they identified several key challenges including: establishing an appropriate balance between, on the one hand, privacy and autonomy and, on the other: maximising safety; establishing responsibility for and ownership of the equipment and who bears the costs; the possibility that technological help would mean a loss of valued personal contact; and the possibility that technology would substitute for existing services rather than be complementary. For carers and dementia sufferers to be supported, the expanding use of these technologies should be accompanied by intensive debate of the associated issues.
The relationship between coping, self-esteem and health on outdoor walking ability among older adults in Norway
Authors: BERGLAND ASTRID , THORSEN KIRSTEN , LOLAND NINA WAALER 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTWalking is an essential component of outdoor mobility, and recognised as one of the best forms of physical activity for older adults. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between socio-demographic factors, coping resources, self-esteem and health status with the outdoor walking ability of people aged 55–79 years living in the community. The hypothesis is that there is a positive association between outdoor walking ability and coping, self-esteem and health status. A nationally-representative sample of 3,069 women and men answered questions regarding socio-demographic attributes, coping resources, self-esteem, health status and outdoor walking ability. The mean age of the respondents was 65.6 years. Around one-half of the sample were women, and around one-half were aged 65 or more years. One-third (32.3%) of the sample were married or cohabiting. Regarding outdoor walking ability, only 0.7 per cent of the respondents were not able to walk at all, and 80.8 per cent could walk at least one kilometre without a pause. Binary logistic multivariate regression analyses showed that those who had good outdoor walking ability (one kilometre or more) were significantly younger than those who did not, and that they were predominantly men, partnered or married, not in paid work, experienced significantly little pain, had better self-reported health and higher perceived coping.
Living conditions and life satisfaction of older Europeans living alone: a gender and cross-country analysis
Authors: GAYMU JOËLLE , SPRINGER SABINE 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the influence of objective living conditions on the life satisfaction of older Europeans living alone from a gender and cross-national perspective. The data were drawn from the first wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), which includes a single-item question for life satisfaction and a large set of health, family and socio-economic indicators. From a descriptive point of view, a lower proportion of women living alone declared themselves to be satisfied with life compared to men. When inequalities in living conditions were controlled for, the difference disappeared, but some determinants of life satisfaction differed for men and women and varied among countries. No limitations in daily activities, a high level of education, participation in leisure activities and an older age increased life satisfaction for both men and women living alone, but the existence of a child influenced only the life satisfaction of men, while income level (or home ownership) had an impact only for women. Moreover, a North–South gradient was clearly observable only for women living alone: all other things being equal, women had a higher probability of declaring themselves satisfied with life in northern European countries than in the South, and their determinants of life satisfaction were strongly linked to the socio-cultural context.
The last year of life in Europe: regional variations in functional status and sources of support
Authors: HANK KARSTEN , JÜRGES HENDRIK 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis article aims to provide an initial account of the life circumstances of older people in 11 continental European countries during the year prior to their deaths. It focuses on regional variations in functional limitations and sources of support. Using logistic regression we analyse data from 523 end-of-life interviews in 2006–07, collected for the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (Wave 2) about the respondents who had died since the baseline data collection in 2004–05. The prevalence of functional limitations was found to be fairly consistent across Northern, Central and Southern Europe. Significant regional differences existed, however, with regard to the deceased respondents' main sources of support and the locations of their deaths. Northern Europeans were the least likely to receive help from their family only and the most likely to be supported by non-kin. They also exhibited the highest risk of dying in a nursing home. In Mediterranean countries, a pattern of exclusive family support and dying at home prevailed. The findings support the notion of a ‘mixed responsibility’ of families and welfare states as providers of support for older people in the last year of life.
Efficient dynamic bipedal walking using effects of semicircular feet
Authors: Asano Fumihiko , Luo Zhi-Wei 
Published: May 2010

SUMMARYAchieving energy-efficient and high-speed dynamic walking has become one of the main subjects of research in the area of robotic biped locomotion, and passive dynamic walking has attracted a great deal of attention as a solution to this. It is empirically known that the convex curve of the foot, which characterizes passive–dynamic walkers, has an important effect on increasing the walking speed.This paper mainly discusses our investigations into the driving mechanism for compass-like biped robots and the rolling effect of semicircular feet. We first analyze the mechanism for a planar fully actuated compass-like biped model to clarify the importance of ankle-joint torque by introducing a generalized virtual-gravity concept. A planar underactuated biped model with semicircular feet is then introduced and we demonstrate that virtual passive dynamic walking only by hip-joint torque can be accomplished based on the rolling effect. We then compare the rolling effect with a flat feet model through linear approximation, and show that the rolling effect is equivalent to virtual ankle-joint torque. Throughout this paper, we provide novel insights into how zero-moment-point-free robots can generate a dynamic bipedal gait.
The International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent: challenges, key issues and achievements
Authors: Bugnion François 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSince the constituent Conference in October 1863, which gave birth to the Red Cross,1 the International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent has met on thirty occasions. The first meeting took place in Paris in 1867 and the thirtieth in Geneva in November 2007. What contribution has the Conference made to the development of international humanitarian law and humanitarian action? What are the main challenges that the Conference has had to face? Where has it succeeded and where has it failed? These are the questions that this article seeks to answer.
Gas phase homolytic bond dissociation enthalpies of common laboratory solvents: A G4 theoretical study
Authors: Rayne Sierra , Forest Kaya 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGas phase standard state (298.15 K, 1 atm) calculations were conducted at the Gaussian-4 (G4) composite method level of theory to estimate the bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) of various common laboratory solvents. Excellent agreement was obtained between experimental and G4 estimated BDEs. The current study demonstrates the BDE prediction accuracy of the G4 method, and is also intended to function as a potentially useful resource in any reevaluations of the preferred BDEs for these common laboratory solvents.