bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Neurocognitive Development
Authors: Yu Jing , Haynie Denise L. , Gilman Stephen E. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceEarly life adversity is associated with higher risk of many adult health problems, including mental illness, substance abuse, suicide attempt, and chronic diseases. Many previous studies investigated adversities one at a time or investigated the health toll associated with the cumulative number of adversities.ObjectiveTo examine the co-occurrence of adversities among children and how specific patterns of adversities are associated with neurocognitive development.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP), which enrolled a national sample of women during pregnancy and followed their offspring to ages 7 to 8 years, between 1959 and 1974. The CPP was a community-based study conducted in 12 US medical centers. The CPP sample was ascertained through prenatal clinics and is diverse with respect to race and socioeconomic status. Data analysis was performed from August 2023 to March 2024.ExposuresA latent class analysis was conducted of 12 adverse childhood experiences that occurred between birth and 7 years to identify common patterns of childhood adversities.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFive neurocognitive tests were used to measure children’s visual-motor, sensory-motor, auditory-vocal, intelligence quotient, and academic skills.ResultsThe analysis sample included 49 853 offspring (25 226 boys [50.6%]); 24 436 children (49.0%) had low probability of experiencing any adversity, whereas the remaining half were classified into 5 groups reflecting distinct patterns of childhood adversities: parental harshness and neglect, 1625 children (3.3%); parental separation and poverty, 8731 children (17.5%); family instability, 3655 children (7.3%); family loss, instability, and poverty, 1505 children (3.0%); and crowded housing and poverty, 9901 children (19.9%). Children in 4 of these groups had lower neurocognitive scores than children with a low probability of experiencing adversity, with standardized mean differences ranging from −0.07 (95% CI, −0.11 to −0.03) to −0.86 (95% CI, −1.06 to −0.65).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that adverse childhood experiences are associated with deficits in children’s neurocognitive functions. It is important to understand the complexity in children’s exposure to adversity and the resulting developmental consequences, as well as the underlying mechanisms, to help support children exposed to adversity and foster healthier and resilient trajectories of development.
Adhesive Zwitterionic Poly(ionic liquid) with Unprecedented Organic Solvent Resistance
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Hui , Zhou Xuan , Hu Qinyu , Chen Jiayin , Tang Liang , Yang Xiaoqing , Gao Jie , Liu Bei , Zhang Yan , Zhao Gai , Dong Shengyi , Zhang Shiguo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe resistance of adhesives to organic solvents is of paramount importance in diverse industries. Unfortunately, many currently available adhesives exhibit either weak intermolecular chain interactions, resulting in insufficient resistance to organic solvents, or possess a permanent covalent crosslinked network, impeding recyclability. This study introduces an innovative approach to address this challenge by formulating zwitterionic poly(ionic liquid) (ZPIL) derivatives with robust dipole–dipole interactions, incorporating sulfonic anions and imidazolium cations. Due to its unique dynamic and electrostatic self‐crosslinking structure, the ZPIL exhibits significant adhesion to various substrates and demonstrates excellent recyclability even after multiple adhesion tests. Significantly, ZPIL exhibits exceptional adhesion stability across diverse nonpolar and polar organic solvents, including ionic liquids, distinguishing itself from nonionic polymers and conventional poly(ionic liquid)s. Its adhesive performance remains minimally affected even after prolonged exposure to soaking conditions. The study presents a promising solution for the design of highly organic solvent‐resistant materials for plastics, coatings, and adhesives.
Surfactant Self‐Assembly Enhances Tribopositivity of Stretchable Ionic Conductors for Wearable Energy Harvesting and Motion Sensing
Authors: Bo Xiangkun , Zhao Hong , Valencia Agnes , Liu Fei , Li Weilu , Daoud Walid A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBoosting stretchability and electric output is critical for high‐performance wearable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG). Herein, for the first time, a new approach for tuning the composition of surface functional groups through surfactant self‐assembly to improve the tribopositivity, where the assembly increases the transferred charge density and the relative permittivity of water polyurethane (WPU). Incorporating bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI−) and alkali metal ions into a mixture of WPU and the surfactant forms a stretchable film that simultaneously functions as positive tribolayer and electrode, preventing the conventional detachment of tribolayer and electrode in long term usage. Further, the conductivity of the crosslinked film reaches 3.3 × 10−3 mS cm−1 while the elongation at break reaches 362%. Moreover, the surfactant self‐assembly impedes the adverse impact of the fluorine‐containing groups on tribopositivity. Consequently, the charge density reaches 155 µC m−2, being the highest recorded for WPU and stretchable ionic conductor based TENG. This work introduces a novel approach for boosting the output charge density while avoiding the adverse effect of ionic salts in solid conductors through a universal surfactant self‐assembly strategy, which can be extended to other materials. Further, the device is used to monitor and harvest the kinetic energy of human body motion.
Constructing Two‐Dimensional (2D) Heterostructure Channels with Engineered Biomembrane and Graphene for Precise Scandium Sieving
Authors: Liang Jing , Zhang Xin , Li Haidong , Wen Chuanxi , Tian Longlong , Chen Ximeng , Li Zhan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe special properties of rare earth elements (REE) have effectively broadened their application fields. How to accurately recognize and efficiently separate target rare earth ions with similar radii and chemical properties remains a formidable challenge. Here, precise two‐dimensional (2D) heterogeneous channels are constructed using engineered E. coli membranes between graphene oxide (GO) layers. The difference in binding ability and corresponding conformational change between Lanmodulin (LanM) and rare earth ions in the heterogeneous channel allows for precisely recognizing and sieving of scandium ions (Sc3+). The engineered E. coli membranes not only can protect the integrity of structure and functionality of LanM, the rich lipids and sugars, but also help the Escherichia coli (E. coli) membranes closely tile on the GO nanosheets through interaction, preventing swelling and controlling interlayer spacing accurately down to the sub‐nanometer. Apparently, the 2D heterogeneous channels showcase excellent selectivity for trivalent ions (SFFe/Sc≈3), especially for Sc3+ ions in REE with high selectivity (SFCe/Sc≈167, SFLa/Sc≈103). The long‐term stability and tensile strain tests verify the membrane's outstanding stability. Thus, this simple, efficient, and cost‐effective work provides a suggestion for constructing 2D interlayer heterogeneous channels for precise sieving, and this valuable strategy is proposed for the efficient extraction of Sc.
Reprogrammable, Sustainable, and 3D‐Printable Cellulose Hydroplastic
Authors: Koh J. Justin , Koh Xue Qi , Chee Jing Yee , Chakraborty Souvik , Tee Si Yin , Zhang Danwei , Lai Szu Cheng , Yeo Jayven Chee Chuan , Soh Jia Wen Jaslin , Li Peiyu , Tan Swee Ching , Thitsartarn Warintorn , He Chaobin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractModern human societies are highly dependent on plastic materials, however, the bulk of them are non‐renewable commodity plastics that cause pollution problems and consume large amounts of energy for their thermal processing activities. In this article, a sustainable cellulose hydroplastic material and its composites, that can be shaped repeatedly into various 2D/3D geometries using just water are introduced. In the wet state, their high flexibility and ductility make it conducive for the shaping to take place. In the ambient environment, the wet hydroplastic transits spontaneously into rigid materials with its intended shape in a short time of <30 min despite a thickness of hundreds of microns. They also possess humidity resistance and are structurally stable in highly humid environments. Given their excellent mechanical properties, geometry reprogrammability, bio‐based, and biodegradable nature, cellulose hydroplastic poses as a sustainable alternative to traditional plastic materials and even “green” thermoplastics. This article also demonstrates the possibility of 3D‐printing these hydroplastics and the potential of employing them in electronics applications. The demonstrated hydroshapable structural electronic components show capability in performing electronic functions, load‐bearing ability and geometry versatility, which are attractive features for lightweight, customizable and geometry‐unique electronic devices.
Using machine‐learning methods in meta‐analyses: An empirical application on consumer acceptance of meat alternatives
Authors: Sun Jiayu , Caputo Vincenzina , Taylor Hannah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMeta‐analyses are widely used in various academic fields, including applied economics. However, the high labor intensity involved in paper searching and small sample sizes remain two dominant limiting factors. We conducted a meta‐analysis of studies on consumer preferences for plant‐based and lab‐grown meat alternatives using machine‐learning techniques at both the data collection and the data analysis phases. We demonstrated that machine learning reduces the workload in the manual title‐abstract screen phase by 69% accounting for 24% of total workload in data collection. We also found that machine learning improves out‐of‐sample of sample prediction accuracy by 48–78 percentage points when compared to econometric model. Notably, we showed that integrating machine learning can also improve the predictive performance of econometric methods, thereby improving their out‐of‐sample predictions. Our empirical findings further revealed that demand for meat alternatives is higher among younger consumers, especially when the products displayed benefit information.
Infectivity of an emerging fish parasite Gyrodactylus sprostonae in juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Masud Numair , Williams Chris , James Joanna , Cable Jo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe gill monogenean ectoparasite Gyrodactylus sprostonae is an emerging pathogen within recreational UK carp fisheries, and a major cause of mortality in adult carp. This gill infection has only been noted in adult carp and not in juveniles, and no reports of its fundamental infection dynamics exist. The current study compared the infective potential of G. sprostonae between adult and juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and quantified parasite numbers on the body surface and gills of infected juveniles at two temperatures (14 and 24°C). G. sprostonae was able to infect the body surface and the gills of juvenile carp, and temperature significantly impacted the duration of infection and number of parasites. Interestingly, however, all juveniles under both temperature treatments lost their infections after a maximum of 40 days, with no observed clinical signs of parasitaemia or mortalities. This study therefore indicates that G. sprostonae does not appear to be harmful to juvenile common carp, and we discuss why this infection only seems to impact prised adult carp in the UK.
Fetal large tubular oesophageal duplication cyst: A case report
Authors: Maier Călina , Vlădăreanu Radu , Tocariu Raluca , Șerban Marcela , Olincă Maria , Brătilă Elvira 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionOesophageal duplication cyst (EDC) is a rare congenital anomaly representing, after neuronal tumours, the second most common cause of posterior mass in children, with a prevalence of approximately 1/22,500 live births. Cervical cysts are very rare, and their antenatal detection is fairly uncommon.MethodsWe report the case of an isolated large mediastinal and cervical tubular EDC diagnosed prenatally in the third trimester.ResultsAfter birth, the baby became symptomatic developing respiratory distress due to the enlargement of the cyst and she underwent excision of the mass. The post‐operative evolution was very good.ConclusionOur purpose was to raise awareness of the ultrasonographic features of this condition, thus improving the rate of prenatal diagnosis and offering the parents a proper counselling regarding the prognosis and the need for a further multidisciplinary approach after birth.
Hyperpolarizing Small Molecules using Parahydrogen and Solid‐State Spin Diffusion
Authors: Gierse Martin , Dagys Laurynas , Keim Michael , Lucas Sebastian , Josten Felix , Plenio Martin B. , Schwartz Ilai , Knecht Stephan , Eills James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractParahydrogen‐induced polarization (PHIP) is an inexpensive way to produce hyperpolarized molecules with polarization levels of >10 % in the solution‐state, but is strongly limited in generality since it requires chemical reactions/ interactions with H2. Here we report a new method to widen the scope of PHIP hyperpolarization: a source molecule is produced via PHIP with high13C polarization, and precipitated out of solution together with a target species. Spin diffusion within the solid carries the polarization onto13C spins of the target, which can then be dissolved for solution‐state applications. We name this method PHIP‐SSD (PHIP with solid‐state spin diffusion) and demonstrate it using PHIP‐polarized [1‐13C]‐fumarate as the source molecule, to polarize different13C‐labelled target molecules.13C polarizations of between 0.01 and 3 % were measured on [1‐13C]‐benzoic acid, depending on the molar ratio of fumarate:benzoate in the solid state. We also show that PHIP‐SSD does not require specific co‐crystallization conditions by grinding dry powders of target molecules together with solid fumarate crystals, and obtain13C signal enhancements of between 100 and 200 on [13C,15N2]‐urea, [1‐13C]‐pyruvate, and [1‐13C]‐benzoic acid. This approach appears to be a promising new strategy for facile hyperpolarization based on PHIP.
Pattern‐Matched Polymer Ligands Toward Near‐Perfect Synergistic Passivation for High‐Performance and Stable Br/Cl Mixed Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lyu Benzheng , Li Dongyu , Wang Qiang , Sun Jiayun , Xiong Qi , Zhang Dezhong , Su Haibin , Choy Wallace C. H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMixed Br/Cl perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) exhibit bright pure‐blue emission benefiting for fulfilling the Rec. 2100 standard. However, phase segregation remains a significant challenge that severely affects the stability and emission spectrum of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Here, we demonstrate the optimization of the spacing between polydentate functional groups of polymer ligands to match the surface pattern of CsPbBr1.8Cl1.2 PeNCs, resulting in effective synergistic passivation effect and significant improvements in PeLED performances. The block and alternating copolymers with different inter‐functional group spacing are facilely synthesized as ligands for PeNCs. Surprisingly, block copolymers with a higher functional group density do not match PeNCs, while alternating copolymers enable efficient PeNCs with the high photoluminescence intensity, low non‐radiative recombination rate and high exciton binding energy. Density functional theory calculations clearly confirm the almost perfect match between alternating copolymers and PeNCs. Finally, pure‐blue PeLEDs are achieved with the emission at 467 nm and Commission Internationale de l′Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.131, 0.071), high external quantum efficiency (9.1 %) and record spectral and operational stabilities (~80 mins) in mixed‐halide PeLEDs. Overall, this study contributes to designing the polymer ligands and promoting the development of high‐performance and stable pure‐color PeLEDs towards display applications.
Remimazolam sedation for awake tracheal intubation
Authors: Kolb B. , Lewis T. , Large J. , Wilson M. , Ode K. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryWe present a case of a 55‐year‐old woman presenting for an elective minor procedure. Following a previous anaesthetic, a ‘can't intubate, can't oxygenate’ incident had been documented. She had since undergone awake tracheal intubation for procedures requiring general anaesthesia. We were able to safely facilitate awake tracheal intubation using remimazolam for sedation. Remimazolam is a novel ultra‐short acting benzodiazepine with similar pharmacodynamic effects to its parent compound midazolam, having minimal cardiovascular or respiratory effects and offering excellent anxiolysis and amnesia. It has a significantly shorter duration of action than midazolam, making it a valuable sedative agent for awake tracheal intubation. The patient remained stable throughout the procedure, with minimal effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The quality of sedation was reported as highly satisfactory by both the patient and the team.
Adsorption behavior of NH4+ and Mg2+ at kaolinite surfaces: Effect of the ion concentration, NH4+/Mg2+ mixing ratio, and layer charge
Authors: Shao Xiangsen , Peng Chenliang , Wang Guanshi , Qin Lei , Long Ping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe adsorption behavior of NH4+ and Mg2+ at kaolinite surfaces was investigated by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, considering the factors such as ion concentration, NH4+/Mg2+ mixing ratio, and layer charge of kaolinite. The results showed that the increase in ion concentration did not affect the adsorption modes of NH4+ and Mg2+ ions but promote the increase in the adsorption capacity. The total adsorption capacities of Mg2+ and NH4+ were 3.25 × 10−6 and 2.85 × 10−6 μmol·mm−2 at the ion concentration of 1.5 mol·L−1, respectively. When NH4+ and Mg2+ were co‐adsorbed, they could inhibit the adsorption of each other at the surface of kaolinite, except that the inner‐sphere (IS) adsorption of NH4+ at aluminum hydroxyl (Al–OH) surface could be enhanced by the presence of Mg2+. Both NH4+ and Mg2+ tended to adsorb at the siloxane (Si–O) surface of kaolinite rather than Al–OH surface. When layer charge occurred in kaolinite, a small number of Mg2+ began to adsorb in the IS complexes at 1.7 and 2.3 Å above the Al and O atoms of the lattice‐substituted tetrahedra of the Si–O surface, and at 1.7 Å above the hexahedra of the Al–OH surface. However, most of NH4+ were adsorbed in IS complexes at 1.7 Å above the center of the oxygen six‐membered ring of the Si–O surface and above the hexahedron of the Al–OH surface. The adsorption capacity of Mg2+ changed little with the increase of layer charge density, while the IS and total adsorption capacity of NH4+ increased significantly.
Chiral resolution of ketoprofen by modified polymethyl methacrylate microspheres
Authors: Zhang Runfeng , Yuan Lin , He Xiangqiong , Cong Hailin , Yu Bing , Shen Youqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDue to unique structural characteristics and chiral environment, β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) has a strong chiral separation ability. 4‐Chlorophenyl isocyanate (4CPI) also plays an important role in separating chiral drugs. In this paper, a chiral stationary phase: 4‐CPI‐β‐CD stationary phase (4CPI‐β‐CD@PMMA) was designed and prepared. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres with uniform particle size and good monodispersity were prepared by modified seed polymerization and seed expansion methods. Using diazo resin as a coupling agent, PMMA microspheres were connected with 4CPI‐β‐CD to prepare a stationary phase with chiral recognition ability. PMMA microspheres and 4CPI‐β‐CD were also characterized. Compared with the traditional silica gel column, PMMA microspheres have higher preparation efficiency, better monodispersity, and better mechanical properties as chromatographic fillers. Finally, the chiral separation of ketoprofen was carried out by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography, and the separation conditions were optimized. This paper is a good idea for the preparation of the chiral stationary phase.
Hyposalivation in patients with psoriasis: Association with severity, inflammatory, and anti‐inflammatory cytokine biomarkers of the disease
Authors: Sharma Ravi Kant , Sharma Manu Rashmi , Mahendra Aneet , Singh Simranjit , Sood Shaveta , Upadhyay Sushil Kumar , Sharma Anil Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study is to expound the effect of psoriasis on salivary glands by evaluating the secretion of saliva and salivary cytokine biomarkers in patients with psoriasis. This study was conducted by recruiting 120 subjects that included 60 patients diagnosed clinically with active psoriasis and 60 healthy controls who were age and gender matched to psoriatic subjects. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all the subjects by spitting method, and levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), and IL‐10 (IL‐10) were determined via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (BT Lab, Shanghai, China). Secretion of saliva in psoriasis patients was considerably reduced than in healthy controls. The concentrations of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, and IL‐2) were significantly increased, whereas level of anti‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐10) was markedly decreased in the saliva of psoriasis patients with hyposalivation compared to healthy subjects. Our results demonstrated significant negative correlation of salivary flow rates with the disease severity. No significant correlations were obtained between salivary levels of tested cytokines and salivary flow rates in our study. Findings of the study reflect inflammation of salivary glands with reduced salivary flow rates in psoriasis patients. The inflammatory responses in salivary gland tissues by virtue of increased pro‐inflammatory cytokines concentrations together with lower anti‐inflammatory cytokine levels may have a role in affecting the saliva secretion in psoriasis patients. Secretion of unstimulated saliva in psoriasis patients decreases with the severity and duration of the disease.
Shining light on carbon dots: Toward enhanced antibacterial activity for biofilm disruption
Authors: Zhang Qingsong , Fu Jianxin , Lin Hong , Xuan Guanhua , Zhang Weiwei , Chen Lingxin , Wang Guoqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn spite of tremendous efforts dedicated to addressing bacterial infections and biofilm formation, the post‐antibiotic ear continues to witness a gap between the established materials and an easily accessible yet biocompatible antibacterial reagent. Here we show carbon dots (CDs) synthesized via a single hydrothermal process can afford promising antibacterial activity that can be further enhanced by exposure to light. By using citric acid and polyethyleneimine as the precursors, the photoluminescence CDs can be produced within a one‐pot, one‐step hydrothermal reaction in only 2 h. The CDs demonstrate robust antibacterial properties against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria and, notably, a considerable enhancement of antibacterial effect can be observed upon photo‐irradiation. Mechanistic insights reveal that the CDs generate singlet oxygen (1O2) when exposed to light, leading to an augmented reactive oxygen species level. The approach for disruption of biofilms and inhibition of biofilm formation by using the CDs has also been established. Our findings present a potential solution to combat antibacterial resistance and offer a path to reduce dependence on traditional antibiotics.