bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Earning Capacity, Third Edition
Authors: Slesnick Frank 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The book being reviewed was written by a vocational expert. Dr. Shahnasarian has a Ph.D. in counseling psychology from Florida State University and is president of Career Consultants of America, Inc. located in Tampa, Florida. As such, the book is of greatest interest to other vocational experts. Nevertheless, since vocational experts work so closely with forensic economists in many cases, the book is potentially useful to economists as well.
Interpregnancy Interval After Healthy Live Birth and Subsequent Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Hu Xuan , Yang Ying , Wang Long , Zhao Chuanyu , Lyu Xinyi , Liu Meiya , Wu Hanbin , Lei Jueming , Li Jiaxin , Yao Mengxin , Ding Yaling , Zhang Hongguang , He Yuan , Wang Yuanyuan , Peng Zuoqi , Shen Haiping , Wang Qiaomei , Zhang Yiping , Yan Donghai , Yin Jieyun , Ma Xu 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceMany studies have reported that the interpregnancy interval (IPI) is a potential modifiable risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes. However, the association between IPI after live birth and subsequent spontaneous abortion (SA) is unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of IPI after a healthy live birth and subsequent SA.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study used data from 180 921 women aged 20 to 49 years who had a single healthy live birth and planned for another pregnancy and who participated in the Chinese National Free Prepregnancy Checkups Project from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020. Statistical analysis was conducted from June 20 to October 5, 2023.ExposureInterpregnancy interval, defined as the interval between the delivery date and conception of the subsequent pregnancy, was categorized as follows: less than 18 months, 18 to 23 months, 24 to 35 months, 36 to 59 months, and 60 months or longer.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was SA. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression models to examine the association between IPI and the risk of SA. Dose-response associations were evaluated by restricted cubic splines.ResultsThe analyses included 180 921 multiparous women (mean [SD] age at current pregnancy, 26.3 [2.8] years); 4380 SA events (2.4% of all participants) were recorded. A J-shaped association between IPI levels and SA was identified. In the fully adjusted model, compared with IPIs of 18 to 23 months, both short (&amp;lt;18 months) and long (≥36 months) IPIs showed an increased risk of SA (IPIs of &amp;lt;18 months: OR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.04-1.27]; IPIs of 36-59 months: OR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.15-1.43]; IPIs of ≥60 months: OR, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.78-2.56]). Results of the subgroup analysis by mode of previous delivery were consistent with the main analysis.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study of multiparous women suggests that an IPI of shorter than 18 months or an IPI of 36 months or longer after a healthy live birth was associated with an increased risk of subsequent SA. The findings are valuable to make a rational prepregnancy plan and may facilitate the prevention of SA and improvement in neonatal outcomes.
The immune response behind peptide vaccination in diffuse midline glioma
Authors: Vincent Craig A. , Remeseiro Silvia 
Published: June 2024

A first‐in‐human trial demonstrated that a vaccine targeting the histone mutation H3K27M can induce an immune response, in a mutation‐specific manner, in patients with diffuse midline glioma. In a recent study by Boschert et al., the same group now dissects the functional immune response triggered after effective vaccination of one of the patients, who has been in remission for over 3 years. The H3K27M peptide vaccine, named H3‐vac, induces a CD4+ T‐cell‐specific immune response in this patient and expands the repertoire of polyclonal H3K27M‐specific T‐cell receptors. A clonal H3K27M‐reactive B‐cell population was also detected in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid. Importantly, the immune response is induced across various human leukocyte antigen alleleotypes, indicating the potential efficacy of the vaccine in diverse populations. By exploring in detail the immune response linked to this patient's long‐term survival, the authors prove peptide vaccinations as a viable therapeutic approach. This paves the way for personalised therapies harnessing immunogenic T‐ and B‐cell responses against different tumour types.
Flying high for conservation: Opportunities and challenges of operating drones within the oldest National Park in the Alps
Authors: Rossi Christian , Wiesmann Samuel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Drones have emerged as an essential tool in various conservation applications. Despite the great potential, drone use by protected area managers is still scarce or accompanied by scepticism. The ongoing debate revolves around whether drones are fancy gadgets or if they can effectively guide management strategies and align with the overarching goals of protected areas.

Here, we present a practical overview of how novel drone applications contribute to the goals of the oldest national park in the Alps, along with the associated challenges. To do so, we review our seven‐year experience as park employees flying drones within the park and its surroundings.

First, we provide background information receiving limited attention in the existing literature such as our motivation behind a drone purchase, costs and an overview of our flight operations.

Second, we show three examples that demonstrate the potential of drones as a valuable tool in addressing the goals of the park: managing the area, researching natural processes and facilitating communication.

Third, we reflect on operational challenges and provide valuable lessons for addressing the specific challenges of flying drones in an alpine and protected environment.

Practical implication: Our experience supports the benefits of drones for protected area management, but it also highlights the need for certain precautions, increased focus on operational challenges and further research on wildlife‐drone interactions.
Mammal Aging as a Programmed Life Cycle Function – Resolving the Cause and Effect Conundrum
Authors: Goldsmith Theodore C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBecause aging and internally determined lifespan vary greatly between similar species it is now widely accepted that aging is an evolved trait, resulting in two classes of evolutionary aging theories: aging is programmed by complex biological mechanisms, and aging is not programmed. As recently as 2002 programmed aging is thought to be theoretically impossible. However, genetics discoveries, results of selective breeding, and other direct evidence strongly support the idea that aging creates an evolutionary advantage and that therefore complex biological mechanisms evolved that control aging in mammals and other multiparous organisms. Like life‐cycle programs that control reproduction, growth, and menopause the aging program can adjust the aging trait during an individual's life to compensate for temporary or local changes in external conditions that alter the optimum lifespan for a particular species population. Genetics discoveries also strongly support the evolvability concept to the effect that sexually reproducing species can evolve design features that increase their ability to evolve, and that aging is one such feature. Genetics discoveries also prove that biological inheritance involves transmission of organism design information in digital form between parent and descendant of any organism. This has major implications for the evolution process.
Mechanistic Characterization of De Novo Generation of Variable Number Tandem Repeats in Circular Plasmids during Site‐Directed Mutagenesis and Optimization for Coding Gene Application
Authors: Hu Ziqi , Lin Guochao , Zhang Mingzhu , Piao Shengwen , Fan Jiankun , Liu Jichao , Liu Peng , Fu Songbin , Sun Wenjing , Li Li , Qiu Xiaohong , Zhang Jinwei , Yang Yu , Zhou Chunshui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSite‐directed mutagenesis for creating point mutations, sometimes, gives rise to plasmids carrying variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) locally, which are arbitrarily regarded as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) related artifacts. Here, the alternative end‐joining mechanism is reported rather than PCR artifacts accounts largely for that VNTRs formation and expansion. During generating a point mutation on GPLD1 gene, an unexpected formation of VNTRs employing the 31 bp mutagenesis primers is observed as the repeat unit in the pcDNA3.1‐GPLD1 plasmid. The 31 bp VNTRs are formed in 24.75% of the resulting clones with copy number varied from 2 to 13. All repeat units are aligned with the same orientation as GPLD1 gene. 43.54% of the repeat junctions harbor nucleotide mutations while the rest don't. Their demonstrated short primers spanning the 3′ part of the mutagenesis primers are essential for initial creation of the 2‐copy tandem repeats (TRs) in circular plasmids. The dimerization of mutagenesis primers by the alternative end‐joining in a correct orientation is required for further expansion of the 2‐copy TRs. Lastly, a half‐double priming strategy is established, verified the findings and offered a simple method for VNTRs creation on coding genes in circular plasmids without junction mutations.
Enhancing Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells with Covalently Bonded All‐Carbon Scaffolds
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhuang Jiachang , Wei Can , Jin Changlong , Zhu Minmin , Zhao Shouliang , Xie Han 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe regeneration of bone tissue is a complex process requiring innovative biomaterials with enhanced osteogenic properties to facilitate successful tissue engineering. Herein, a 3D bionic scaffold comprised of covalently bound graphene/carbon nanotube monoliths are present (3DGp/CNTs) exhibiting long‐range ordered porous characteristics, showcasing promising attributes for bone tissue applications. The lightweight, all‐carbon scaffolds not only demonstrate excellent mechanical performance in the hydrated state but also mimic the structural and functional features of the extracellular matrix, actively promoting cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Significantly, the osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) is observed, as evidenced by the upregulation of RUNX2, OSX, BSP, ALP, OPN, and OCN expression. This notable outcome can be attributed to the synergistic effect of 3DGp/CNTs, which create a conducive microenvironment for DPSCs and promote osteogenic differentiation by activating the BMP pathway. This observation elucidates the mechanism through which 3DGp/CNTs induce DPSC mineralization. The combination of these advantages, along with its straightforward and cost‐effective preparation technique, positions 3DGp/CNTs as a promising candidate for dental clinical engineering.
Purine‐Based Ir(III) Photosensitizers for Efficient Treatment of Periodontal Inflammation
Authors: Ding Ruolin , Liu Xin , Zhang Wenjia , Chen Xue , Chen Shanyong , Yu Xiaoqi , Zhao Zhihe , Li Kun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) presents a promising approach for combating periodontitis, an infectious disease triggered by bacteria. However, the hypoxic environment within periodontal pockets poses challenges for PDT efficacy. In this study, novel purine‐based C^N ligands are utilized to develop Ir(III) complexes with enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity for periodontitis treatment. The type I/II PDT performance of Ir(III) is greatly enhanced by the purine ligands, which leads to potent bactericidal and biofilm elimination efficacy. In a rat model of periodontitis, local application of these purine‐based Ir(III) complexes effectively achieves antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory effects while promoting tissue repair under clinical luminaire exposure. This PDT strategy utilizing purine‐based Ir(III) complexes circumvents the need for antibiotics and surgical intervention, emerging as a promising, non‐invasive approach for managing periodontitis.
2D Catalytic Niobium Carbide MXenzyme for Ameliorating Noise‐Induced Hearing Loss
Authors: Xu Baoying , Jiang Qingjun , Huang Yuqi , Xu Ke , Feng Wei , Yu Dehong , Chen Yu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNoise‐induced hearing loss (NIHL), a prevalent sensory disability affecting a majority of the global population, is dominantly induced by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, but no effective therapeutic strategy is available. Herein, the potential of a 2D catalytic niobium carbide (Nb2C) MXenzyme is investigated as a nanomedicine for treating NIHL by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). The findings reveal that 2D Nb2C MXenzyme effectively eliminates free radicals, resulting in a substantial reduction of ROS in House Ear Institute‐Organ of Corti 1 (HEI‐OC1) cells treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Additionally, the 2D Nb2C MXenzyme demonstrates significant protection on hair cells by preventing cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by H2O2. In vivo experiments further support the efficacy of the 2D Nb2C MXenzyme in restoring hearing impairment caused by extensive noise exposure. Specifically, it restores the raised amplitude of Wave I in auditory brainstem response (ABR) records and promotes the recovery of damaged ribbon synapses in inner hair cells. Notably, the therapeutic effect of the 2D Nb2C MXenzyme is attributed to its ability to suppress cochlear oxidative stress evidenced by immunohistochemical analysis. This research provides a new approach for treating hearing loss‐related ear diseases by utilizing catalytic biomaterials and nanomedicine with enzyme‐mimicking properties.
Osteogenic Induction and Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Calcium‐Chlorogenic Acid Nanoparticles Remodel the Osteoimmunology Microenvironment for Accelerating Bone Repair
Authors: Liu Qi , Zhang Shuo , Shi Lusen , Shi Jiapei , Sun Chunhui , Wang Jingang , Zhou Weijia , Zhou Hengxing , Shan Fengjuan , Wang Hongli , Wang Jie , Ren Na , Feng Shiqing , Liu Hong , Wang Shuping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSuccessful bone regeneration requires close cooperation between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and macrophages, but the low osteogenic differentiation efficiency of stem cells and the excessive inflammatory response of immune cells hinder the development of bone repair. It is necessary to develop a strategy that simultaneously regulates the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the anti‐inflammatory polarization of macrophages for accelerating the bone regeneration. Herein, calcium‐chlorogenic acid nanoparticles (Ca‐CGA NPs) are synthesized by combining the small molecules of chlorogenic acid (CGA) with Ca2+. Ca‐CGA NPs internalized by cells can be dissolved to release free CGA and Ca2+ under low pH conditions in lysosomes. In vitro results demonstrate that Ca‐CGA NPs can not only enhance the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs but also promote the phenotype transformation of macrophages from M1 to M2. Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirm that Ca‐CGA NPs treatment facilitates the recovery of rat skull defect model through both osteoinduction and immunomodulation. This study develops a new Ca‐CGA NPs‐based strategy to induce the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts and the polarization of macrophages into M2 phenotype, which is promising for accelerating bone repair.
Optical Fiber‐Enabled In Situ Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation for Infiltrating Tumor Therapy in Brain
Authors: Zhang Hang , Guan Shujuan , Wang Lei , Zhang Min , Wang Zhaoyin , Dai Zhihui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn addition to repressing proliferation, inhibiting the infiltration of tumor cells is an important strategy to improve the treatment of malignant tumors. Herein, a photocatalyst (pCNMC@Pt) is designed by sequentially assembling manganese dioxide, chlorin e6, and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles onto protonated graphitic carbon nitride. With the help of a Z‐scheme structure and near‐infrared (NIR) photosensitizer, pCNMC@Pt is capable of responding to NIR light to generate large amounts of hydrogen (H2). Taking lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment as a sacrificial reagent, H2 therapy initiated by the NIR photocatalyst remarkably impedes the growth of glioblastoma (GBM). More importantly, it is found that H2 can suppress the stemness of glioma stem cells, curbing both proliferation and infiltration of GBM. Furthermore, since pCNMC@Pt and light source are precisely co‐localized through a self‐built loading and illumination system, GBM in mouse brains can be efficiently treated, providing an alternative gas therapy approach to cure infiltrating tumors.
Capture and Storage of Cell‐Free DNA via Bio‐Informational Hydrogel Microspheres
Authors: Ding Tao , Xiao Yongqiang , Saiding Qimanguli , Li Xiaoxiao , Chen Gang , Zhang Tianyu , Ma Jing , Cui Wenguo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExcessive cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) can induce chronic inflammation by activating intracellular nucleic acid sensors. Intervention in cfDNA‐mediated “pro‐inflammatory signaling transduction” could be a potential alleviating strategy for chronic inflammation, such as in diabetic wounds. However, effectively and specifically downgrading cfDNA concentration in the pathological microenvironment remains a challenge. Therefore, this work prepares free‐standing polydopamine nanosheets through DNA‐guided assembly and loaded them into microfluidic hydrogel microspheres. The π─π stacking/hydrogen bonding interactions between polydopamine nanosheets and the π‐rich bases of cfDNA, along with the cage‐like spatial confinement created by the hydrogel polymer network, achieved cfDNA capture and storage, respectively. Catechol in polydopamine nanosheets can also assist in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Efficient cfDNA binding independent of serum proteins, specific interdiction of abnormal activation of cfDNA‐associated toll‐like receptor 9, as well as down‐regulation of inflammatory cytokines and ROS levels are shown in this system. The chronic inflammation alleviating and the pro‐healing effects on the mice model with diabetic wounds are also investigated. This work presents a new strategy for capturing and storing cfDNA to intervene in cell signaling transduction. It also offers new insights into the regulatory mechanisms between inflammatory mediators and biomaterials in inflammation‐related diseases.
Spontaneous Supercrystal Formation During a Strain‐Engineered Metal–Insulator Transition
Authors: Gorobtsov Oleg Yu. , Miao Ludi , Shao Ziming , Tan Yueze , Schnitzer Noah , Goodge Berit Hansen , Ruf Jacob , Weinstock Daniel , Cherukara Mathew , Holt Martin Victor , Nair Hari , Chen Long‐Qing , Kourkoutis Lena Fitting , Schlom Darrell G. , Shen Kyle M. , Singer Andrej 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMott metal–insulator transitions possess electronic, magnetic, and structural degrees of freedom promising next‐generation energy‐efficient electronics. A previously unknown, hierarchically ordered, and anisotropic supercrystal state is reported and its intrinsic formation characterized in‐situ during a Mott transition in a Ca2RuO4 thin film. Machine learning‐assisted X‐ray nanodiffraction together with cryogenic electron microscopy reveal multi‐scale periodic domain formation at and below the film transition temperature (TFilm ≈ 200–250 K) and a separate anisotropic spatial structure at and above TFilm. Local resistivity measurements imply an intrinsic coupling of the supercrystal orientation to the material's anisotropic conductivity. These findings add a new degree of complexity to the physical understanding of Mott transitions, opening opportunities for designing materials with tunable electronic properties.
Printed Liquid Crystal Optical Vortex Beam Generators
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Elston Steve J. , He Chao , Qiu Xuke , Castrejón‐Pita Alfonso A. , Morris Stephen M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study presents an innovative application of inkjet printing technology in the construction of a switchable optical vortex beam generator. The fabrication process involves drop‐on‐demand printing of liquid crystal (LC) droplets that can generate an optical vortex beam in the far‐field with the application of a voltage. Notably, this vortex beam can be activated and deactivated by manipulating the amplitude of the electric field. Both simulations and experiments are used to determine the optical characteristics of the printed LC devices and the resulting far‐field patterns for different polarizations of light. The study showcases the versatility of the generator in that it can produce both vortex and vector beams, the choice of which is simply determined by the polarization of the input light. This highlight the potential of this printed LC technology for integration into a multitude of optical systems.
Low Amplified Spontaneous Emission Threshold from Solution Processable Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Chromophores
Authors: Rahane Vijay P. , Shukla Atul , Roseli Ras Baizureen , Ireland Alexander R. , Gale Innes , Krenske Elizabeth H. , Moore Evan G. , Namdas Ebinazar B. , Jain Nidhi , Lo Shih‐Chun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChromophores undergoing excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) feature a distinct four‐level photocycle and significant Stokes shift, which make them ideal for achieving population inversion upon photoexcitation, a fundamental prerequisite for lasing, by mitigating the concerns of self‐absorption owing to spectral overlap. This study focuses on functionalizing the hydroxyphenyl‐benzothiazole (HBT) ESIPT laser dye through the introduction of fluorene and phenyl‐carbazole moieties at the para‐position to the hydroxyl group, to demonstrate amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) activities. The synthesized HBT derivatives not only exhibit high thermal and photostability, but also high photoluminescence quantum yields, exceeding 40%, which is noteworthy for ESIPT materials emitting in the yellow–orange to red color ranges. Computational analyses show that these new HBT materials possess substantially lower ESIPT energy barriers, compared to their parent HBT, facilitating their efficient ESIPT processes. Moreover, these derivatives demonstrate a high radiative rate of 1.47 × 108 s−1. Thin films of a fluorene‐substituted HBT (HBT‐pFl) show a low solid‐state amplified spontaneous emission threshold value of 3.8 µJ cm−2 at 582 nm, representing the lowest reported solid‐state ASE threshold for laser dyes in the orange emission region (575–600 nm) to date.
UV‐Triggered Optical Asymmetry Modification of Gold Nanorods Helical Assemblies in a Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Host
Authors: Liu Yang , Lin Guangjie , Chen Yongguang , Wei Xiyang , Du Mingjuan , Zhang Yongfang , Li Zhaoling , Zhao Lina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe creation and modulation of chirality in nanomaterials is a well‐established and widely applied concept. Nevertheless, the direct approach of dynamically tuning their morphological asymmetry at the nanoscale to reveal their optical asymmetry variations is yet less well‐implemented. The helical templating of nanomaterials within a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) host and the exploitation of their optical asymmetry change in conjunction with the host represent a means of circumventing technological limitations. In this study, a blending approach is employed to investigate the helical assemblies of gold nanorods (Au NRs) within a photo‐tunable CLC host, followed by their morphological asymmetry modulation through the use of UV irradiation. The results demonstrated that the optical asymmetry of the Au NRs helical assemblies increased in response to a reduction in pitch and the distance between the Au NRs, regardless of the azimuthal variations. Furthermore, the Au NRs blended with CLCs exhibited excellent and stable reflective properties comparable to those of conventional CLCs. Additionally, they can modulate the light flux of incident light at NIR wavelengths. The integrated modulation of reflection and transmission by Au NRs helical assemblies and CLC hosts represents a promising avenue for future research in the field of multi‐level information encryption.