bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic phenotyping with computed tomography deep learning for metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis and sarcopenia predicts mortality in adults
Authors: Cho Sang Wouk , Baek Seungjin , Han Sookyeong , Kim Chang Oh , Kim Hyeon Chang , Rhee Yumie , Hong Namki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography (CT) body compositions reflect age‐related metabolic derangements. We aimed to develop a multi‐outcome deep learning model using CT multi‐level body composition parameters to detect metabolic syndrome (MS), osteoporosis and sarcopenia by identifying metabolic clusters simultaneously. We also investigated the prognostic value of metabolic phenotyping by CT model for long‐term mortality.MethodsThe derivation set (n = 516; 75% train set, 25% internal test set) was constructed using age‐ and sex‐stratified random sampling from two community‐based cohorts. Data from participants in the individual health assessment programme (n = 380) were used as the external test set 1. Semi‐automatic quantification of body compositions at multiple levels of abdominal CT scans was performed to train a multi‐layer perceptron (MLP)‐based multi‐label classification model. External test set 2 to test the prognostic value of the model output for mortality was built using data from individuals who underwent abdominal CT in a tertiary‐level institution (n = 10 141).ResultsThe mean ages of the derivation and external sets were 62.8 and 59.7 years, respectively, without difference in sex distribution (women 50%) or body mass index (BMI; 23.9 kg/m2). Skeletal muscle density (SMD) and bone density (BD) showed a more linear decrement across age than skeletal muscle area. Alternatively, an increase in visceral fat area (VFA) was observed in both men and women. Hierarchical clustering based on multi‐level CT body composition parameters revealed three distinctive phenotype clusters: normal, MS and osteosarcopenia clusters. The L3 CT‐parameter‐based model, with or without clinical variables (age, sex and BMI), outperformed clinical model predictions of all outcomes (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: MS, 0.76 vs. 0.55; osteoporosis, 0.90 vs. 0.79; sarcopenia, 0.85 vs. 0.81 in external test set 1; P < 0.05 for all). VFA contributed the most to the MS predictions, whereas SMD, BD and subcutaneous fat area were features of high importance for detecting osteoporosis and sarcopenia. In external test set 2 (mean age 63.5 years, women 79%; median follow‐up 4.9 years), a total of 907 individuals (8.9%) died during follow‐up. Among model‐predicted metabolic phenotypes, sarcopenia alone (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.55), MS + sarcopenia (aHR 1.65), osteoporosis + sarcopenia (aHR 1.83) and all three combined (aHR 1.87) remained robust predictors of mortality after adjustment for age, sex and comorbidities.ConclusionsA CT body composition‐based MLP model detected MS, osteoporosis and sarcopenia simultaneously in community‐dwelling and hospitalized adults. Metabolic phenotypes predicted by the CT MLP model were associated with long‐term mortality, independent of covariates.
Macro‐ and micro‐morphological comparison of the detailed structure of the oral cavity roof in two different feeding habits marine fishes: Pagrus pagrus and Boops boops
Authors: Alsafy Mohamed A. M. , Seif Manal A. , El‐Mansi Ahmed A. , El‐Beskawy Mohamed , El Dakroury Mohamed , Eldesoqui Mamdouh B. , Ez Elarab Samar M. , El‐Gendy Samir A. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe feeding habits and habitats of fish influence the morphology of the oral cavity. This study used gross anatomy, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, in addition to morphometric analysis, to investigate the anatomical characteristics of the oral cavity roof in Pagrus pagrus and Boops boops, which have different dietary habits. The oral cavity roof appeared U‐shaped and divided into the palate and upper pharyngeal regions. The upper lip of P. pagrus was broad, while B. boops' upper lip was small and thin. Both species had a stratified squamous epithelium with an irregular shape and a folded surface. P. pagrus had a horseshoe‐shaped upper velum with a high middle part, and its surface resembled sea waves with obvious mucous‐secreting openings with cilia and many folds and grooves between them. B. boops's upper velum was thin and appeared as a triangle pouch with a pointed cranial apex. The palate in both species was narrow in the front and increased in width backward until it ended. The upper pharyngeal teeth in P. pagrus appeared as two patches, separated by a median longitudinal ridge and an anterior V‐shape separator. Meanwhile, in B. boops, they appeared as a ball patch on both sides and a separator ridge in the middle. Because P. pagrus fed on harder structures than B. boops, their feeding habits were reflected in the structure of the oral cavity roof. P. pagrus, a carnivorous species, had several rows of sharp upper jaw and upper pharyngeal teeth, thick spinous tubercles on oblique transverse ridges, and massive mucous glands. On the other hand, B. boops, an omnivorous species, had only one row of upper jaw teeth, a few upper pharyngeal teeth scattered on two oval patches, and thin filaments on the oblique transverse ridges.
Emergence of carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex from agrifood systems: detection of ST6326 co‐producing KPC‐2 and NDM‐1
Authors: Furlan João Pedro Rueda , da Silva Rosa Rafael , Ramos Micaela Santana , dos Santos Lucas David Rodrigues , Savazzi Eduardo Angelino , Stehling Eliana Guedes 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundKlebsiella pneumoniae species complex (KpSC) is an important disseminator of carbapenemase‐encoding genes, mainly blaKPC‐2 and blaNDM‐1, from hospitals to the environment. Consequently, carbapenem‐resistant strains can be spread through the agrifood system, raising concerns about food safety. This study therefore aimed to isolate carbapenem‐resistant KpSC strains from the agricultural and environmental sectors and characterize them using phenotypic, molecular, and genomic analyses.ResultsKlebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae strains isolated from soils used for lemon, guava, and fig cultivation, and from surface waters, displayed an extensive drug‐resistance profile and carried blaKPC‐2, blaNDM‐1, or both. In addition to carbapenemase‐encoding genes, KpSC strains harbor a broad resistome (antimicrobial resistance and metal tolerance) and present putative hypervirulence. Soil‐derived K. pneumoniae strains were assigned as high‐risk clones (ST11 and ST307) and harbored the blaKPC‐2 gene associated with Tn4401b and Tn3‐like elements on IncN‐pST15 and IncX5 plasmids. In surface waters, the coexistence of blaKPC‐2 and blaNDM‐1 genes was identified in K. pneumoniae ST6326, a new carbapenem‐resistant regional Brazilian clone. In this case, blaKPC‐2 with Tn4401a isoform and blaNDM‐1 associated with a Tn125‐like transposon were located on different plasmids. Klebsiella quasipneumoniae ST526 also presented the blaNDM‐1 gene associated with a Tn3000 transposon on an IncX3 plasmid.ConclusionThese findings provide a warning regarding the transmission of carbapenemase‐positive KpSC across the agricultural and environmental sectors, raising critical food safety and environmental issues. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Droplet Microfluidics‐Assisted Fabrication of Shape Controllable Iron‐Alginate Microgels with Fluorescent Property
Authors: Chen Jie , Shen Hanyu , Heng Yicheng , Wang Songhe , Ardekani Arezoo , Yang Yajiang , Hu Yuandu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDroplet‐based microfluidics‐assisted fabrication of alginate microgels has extensive applications in biomaterials, biomedicines, and related fields. This approach is typically achieved by crosslinking droplets of an aqueous solution of sodium alginate with various divalent and trivalent ions, such as Ca2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, etc. Despite the exceptional features exhibited by bulk alginate hydrogels when using iron ions as the crosslinking reagent, including stimulus responsiveness and complex chemistry, no attention has been given to studying the fabrication of Fe‐alginate microgels through droplet microfluidics. In this work, a facile method is presented for fabricating Fe‐alginate microgels using single emulsion droplets as templates and an off‐chip crosslinking technique to solidify the droplets. The morphologies of the resulting microgels can be systematically adjusted by manipulating different parameters such as viscosities and ionic strength of the collecting solutions. It should be noted that these resulting microgels undergo a color change from light brown to dark brown due to presumed self‐oxidation of iron ions within their skeleton structure. Furthermore, these Fe‐alginate microgels are functionalized by decorating them with a positively charged linear polymer via electrostatic interactions to impart them with stable fluorescent property. These functionalized Fe‐alginate microgels may find potential applications in drug delivery carriers and biomimetic structures.
Rein in or let it go? Managerial strategy for companies in social media brand communities
Authors: Hao Junying , Luo Gongli , Ma He 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the increasing popularity of social media, motivating customers to participate in social media brand communities has become an essential strategy for companies to achieve value co‐creation and maintain their competitive advantage. However, companies are in a dilemma about the management strategies in social media brand communities: rein in or let it go? In order to solve it, this study constructed a value co‐creation evolution game model between companies and customers in the context of social media brand communities. This study explored the stability of customer and company strategy and the impact of critical factors on the evolution results. Finally, numerical simulation experiments were conducted. The research shows that the optimal management strategy for companies in social media brand communities is to interact with customers rather than rein in them. Although reining in customers can inhibit value destruction initially, it will hinder the realization of value co‐creation in the long run. Moreover, platform management plays a vital role in value co‐creation in social media brand communities, especially in the constraints on customer behaviors. This research can provide dynamic and practical recommendations for companies managing social media brand communities.
The use of vascularized fibula flap with allograft in post‐oncologic microsurgical bone reconstruction of lower limbs in pediatric patients
Authors: Luca Delcroix , Sara Tamburello , Marco Innocenti , Andrea Campanacci Domenico 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPost‐oncologic surgical reconstruction of lower limbs in pediatrics remains a challenging topic. Microsurgical techniques allow reconstructions of large bony defects. The use of vascularized fibular flap with allograft has proven to be an ideal biologic construct. We aim to assess the success rate of this operation, including flap survival, bony union, weight‐bearing ambulation, and complications in a long‐term follow‐up in our case series compared to the literature.Patients and methodsOur case‐series includes 18 femoral resections (9 osteosarcomas, 8 Ewing sarcoma, and 1 desmoid tumor) and 15 tibial resections (10 osteosarcoma, 4 Ewing sarcoma, and 1 Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma). We collected patients' demographics, type of tumor, type of resection, defect size, fibula‐flap length, method of fixation, anastomosis site, follow‐up data, complications, and their management. All survivals were examined by X‐ray and CT‐scan to evaluate the morphological changes of the vascularized fibula and follow‐up. The functional evaluation was performed by the 30‐point Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Rating Score (MSTS) for the lower limb (Enneking et al., Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 1993(286):241–246).ResultsThe mean age of the femur resection patients' group was 11.2 years with a mean defect size of 14 cm and a mean length of the fibular flap of 18 cm; for the tibia the mean age was 12 years with a mean defect size of 14 cm and a mean length of the fibular flap of 16.6 cm. The overall survival of the reconstructions at 5 years follow‐up was 17 out 18 cases for the femur and 13 out of 15 cases for the tibia. MSTS score was 28.2 for the femur and 23.7 for the tibia. The average time of union of the fibula was seen after 5 months, while allograft consolidation was observed around 19.7 months. The mean time of follow‐up was 144.5 months for the femur and 139.2 months for the tibia. The complication rate observed was 7 out of 18 for the femur and 7 out of 15 for the tibia reconstructions.ConclusionsThe viability of the fibula is a cornerstone in the success of reconstruction as well as the successful management of complications in intercalary defects after tumor resection in pediatrics to restore good functionality. Our results are in line with those reported in the literature in terms of overall complication rates. The high primary union of allograft, the high MSTS score obtained, and the low rate of severe complications reflect the mechanical role of this reconstructive technique over a long follow‐up.
Accelerated free‐breathing liver fat and R2* quantification using multi‐echo stack‐of‐radial MRI with motion‐resolved multidimensional regularized reconstruction: Initial retrospective evaluation
Authors: Zhong Xiaodong , Nickel Marcel D. , Kannengiesser Stephan A. R. , Dale Brian M. , Han Fei , Gao Chang , Shih Shu‐Fu , Dai Qing , Curiel Omar , Tsao Tsu‐Chin , Wu Holden H. , Deshpande Vibhas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo improve image quality, mitigate quantification biases and variations for free‐breathing liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and quantification accelerated by radial k‐space undersampling.MethodsA free‐breathing multi‐echo stack‐of‐radial MRI method was developed with compressed sensing with multidimensional regularization. It was validated in motion phantoms with reference acquisitions without motion and in 11 subjects (6 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) with reference breath‐hold Cartesian acquisitions. Images, PDFF, and maps were reconstructed using different radial view k‐space sampling factors and reconstruction settings. Results were compared with reference‐standard results using Bland–Altman analysis. Using linear mixed‐effects model fitting (p < 0.05 considered significant), mean and SD were evaluated for biases and variations of PDFF and , respectively, and coefficient of variation on the first echo image was evaluated as a surrogate for image quality.ResultsUsing the empirically determined optimal sampling factor of 0.25 in the accelerated in vivo protocols, mean differences and limits of agreement for the proposed method were [−0.5; −33.6, 32.7] s−1 for and [−1.0%; −5.8%, 3.8%] for PDFF, close to those of a previous self‐gating method using fully sampled radial views: [−0.1; −27.1, 27.0] s−1 for and [−0.4%; −4.5%, 3.7%] for PDFF. The proposed method had significantly lower coefficient of variation than other methods (p < 0.001). Effective acquisition time of 64 s or 59 s was achieved, compared with 171 s or 153 s for two baseline protocols with different radial views corresponding to sampling factor of 1.0.ConclusionThis proposed method may allow accelerated free‐breathing liver PDFF and mapping with reduced biases and variations.
How harassment and hate speech policies have changed over time: Comparing Facebook, Twitter and Reddit (2005–2020)
Authors: Dubois Elizabeth , Reepschlager Anna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSocial media platforms make choices about what content is and is not permissible on their platforms. For example, choices about if and how to deal with online harassment and hate speech are growing problems in many online settings. But these choices are often opaque, can vary from platform to platform, and can change over time with little notice. This study examines the ways Facebook, Twitter, and Reddit have defined harassment and hate speech, as well as who they frame as responsible for dealing with harassment and hate speech over time. Using content analysis, the policy structures that house relevant policies, the policy documents themselves, and blog posts are examined. The results illustrate a phased approach to defining harassment and hate, which has become increasingly complex and nuanced over time. Additionally, this work shows a compounding view of who is responsible, which began with users but over time has come to include the platform itself, technology, and external actors such as civil society groups. This paper highlights continued opacity and increasing complexity while also providing contextual historical information necessary for both future research and platform governance decisions.
Analyzing dust particle size and size distribution on extracted particles by SEM and comparing with light scattering techniques
Authors: Petersen Andreas , Wötzel Jakob , Zamponi Christiane , Kobus Julia , Wolf Sebastian , Greiner Franko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the measurement of plasma‐grown nanoparticles, comparing ex situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an in situ light scattering method which is based on Mie theory and utilizes a neural network for evaluation. The research reveals that the particle size distribution (PSD) is normal and very narrow, supporting the common assumption of monodisperse particle clouds. Importantly, the study finds that the spread of the PSD increases proportionally with the mean size, suggesting varied growth rates based on the radius of the spherical dust grains. Both methods produce consistent results, which encourages the use of the interference‐free, real‐time, light‐based Mie method in similar studies.
Effect of cancer‐associated fibroblasts on prognosis and immune infiltration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xu Yuan‐yuan , Zhu Huanfeng , Zong Dan , Qian Luxi , Cai Yi , Xiang Nan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the center of cross‐communication between various cells in the tumor stroma. However, how CAFs‐associated genes play an important role in Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) prognosis has not been reported. Transcriptome data were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. Devtools, DPIC, xCell, MCPcounter, and Estimate packages were used to calculate CAFs scores and immune infiltration. Prognosis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) analysis were performed between high or low risk populations based on CAF scores. Hub genes were identified, intersected, and enriched between TCGA and GEO databases. CAFs related genes were used to construct a prognostic model and the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion database was used to evaluate the immune infiltration. Drug sensitivity, difference analysis and the HPA database were used to identify sensitive drugs and verify their expression. TCGA and GEO data suggested that CAFs scores had a role in HNSCC prognosis prediction. Based on CAFs scores, WGCNA and core gene enrichment analysis were performed to construct a CAFs‐related prognostic model. The prognostic model composed of a total of 12 CAFs genes could predict the prognosis well and was validated in the validation dataset, demonstrating its applicability to external data. According to the model, although there was no statistical difference in immune escape between the high and low risk groups, the proportion of patients who responded to immunotherapy was different. Drug sensitivity also differed between the two groups. This study suggests that CAFs associated genetic signatures may help to optimize risk stratification and provide new insights into individualized cancer treatment.
Total glucosides of white paeony capsule alleviate articular cartilage degeneration and aberrant subchondral bone remodeling in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Liao Taiyang , Kang Junfeng , Ma Zhenyuan , Jie Lishi , Feng Mingqing , Liu Deren , Mao Jun , Wang Peimin , Xing Runlin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease that is primarily managed by improving the destroyed cartilage and reversing subchondral bone remodeling. Total glucosides of white paeony (TGP) capsule primarily contains extracts from the white peony root and has been shown to have various pharmacological effects, but its role in KOA still requires comprehensive evaluation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of TGP on knee cartilage and subchondral bone, as well as elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The effect of TGP on KOA progression was evaluated in the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)‐induced KOA model of mouse and interleukin (IL)‐1β‐induced KOA model of primary mouse chondrocytes. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that TGP had a protective effect on the cartilage. Treatment with TGP could induce the synthesis of critical elements in the cartilage extracellular matrix and downregulate the synthesis of degrading enzymes in the extracellular matrix. Regarding the underlying mechanisms, TGP inhibited the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 by regulating the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway. In addition, TGP could reduce the secretion of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Moreover, it has a sustained effect on coupled subchondral bone remodeling through regulation of the OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway. In conclusion, TGP may protect articular cartilage by downregulating the NF‐κB signaling pathway and may support coupled subchondral bone remodeling by regulating OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway in the DMM‐induced KOA model of mouse, suggesting a new therapeutic potential for KOA treatment.
Finite‐horizon estimation for 2‐D systems with time‐correlated multiplicative noises: A recursive iterative coupled estimator design
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Yu , Xu Juanjuan , Gao Shiwei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the state estimation problem for a class of two‐dimensional shift‐varying systems with time‐correlated multiplicative measurement noises and additive noises. The time‐correlated multiplicative noises can be described as a linear system model corrupted by white noise. The main objective of this paper is to propose a recursive iterative coupled new‐type estimators and design the estimated gain reasonably to guarantee the minimum error covariance at each step. First, two new‐type coupling estimators are designed by introducing a new term. The unbiasedness of the two estimators are guaranteed by resorting to the mathematical inductive approach. Subsequently, an effective estimation is proposed given initial conditions. Moreover, the boundedness performance is investigated of the error covariance, and an upper bound is given based on the spectral norm. Finally, two numerical example are presented as an example to show the effectiveness of the estimation algorithm.