bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium Nanoparticles Encapsulated in a Metal–Organic Framework as Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for Direct C2 Arylation of Indoles
Authors: Huang Yuanbiao , Lin Zujin , Cao Rong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHighly dispersed palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) encapsulated in the mesoporous cages of the metal–organic framework (MOF) MIL‐101(Cr) have been prepared by using the wetness impregnation method. The Pd NPs were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), N2 adsorption, transmission electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The particles size ((2.6±0.5) nm) of the obtained Pd NPs was in good agreement with the cage diameters (2.9 and 3.4 nm) of the MOF. The resulting Pd/MIL‐101(Cr) catalyst exhibited extremely high catalytic activities in the direct C2 arylation of substituted indoles by using only 0.1 mol % of the Pd catalyst. Moreover, the catalyst is easily recoverable and can be reused several times without leaching into solution and loss of activity. The combination of the highly dispersible Pd NPs within the accessible mesoporous cages and the favorable adsorption of the aryl halides on MIL‐101 are suspected to be the main reasons for the observed high activities of the Pd/MIL‐101(Cr) catalyst in the direct C2 arylation of indoles.
Self‐Assembly of Short Peptide Amphiphiles: The Cooperative Effect of Hydrophobic Interaction and Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Han Shuyi , Cao Sasa , Wang Yuming , Wang Jiqian , Xia Daohong , Xu Hai , Zhao Xiubo , Lu Jian R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe interplay between hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and the molecular geometry of amino acid side‐chains is crucial to the development of nanostructures of short peptide amphiphiles. An important step towards developing their practical use is to understand how different amino acid side‐chains tune hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding and how this process leads to the control of the size and shape of the nanostructures. In this study, we have designed and synthesized three sets of short amphiphilic peptides (I3K, LI2K and L3K; L3K, L4K and L5K; I3K, I4K and I5K) and investigated how I and L affected their self‐assembly in aqueous solution. The results have demonstrated a strong tendency of I groups to promote the growth of β‐sheet hydrogen bonding and the subsequent formation of nanofibrillar shapes. All ImK (m=3–5) peptides assembled into nanofibers with consistent β‐sheet conformation, whereas the nanofiber diameters decreased as m increased due to geometrical constraint in peptide chain packing. In contrast, L groups had a weak tendency to promote β‐sheet structuring and their hydrophobicity became dominant and resulted in globular micelles in L3K assembly. However, increase in the number of hydrophobic sequences to L5K induced β‐sheet conformation due to the cooperative hydrophobic effect and the consequent formation of long nanofibers. The assembly of L4K was, therefore, intermediate between L3K and L5K, similar to the case of LI2K within the set of L3K, LI2K and I3K, with a steady transition from the dominance of hydrophobic interaction to hydrogen bonding. Thus, changes in hydrophobic length and swapping of L and I can alter the size and shape of the self‐assembled nanostructures from these simple peptide amphiphiles.
How the 1D‐NOESY suppresses solvent signal in metabonomics NMR spectroscopy: An examination of the pulse sequence components and evolution
Authors: Mckay Ryan T. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMetabonomics has become an increasingly shared pursuit in international research. Presently the two most common techniques are mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry either in isolation or in conjunction. The 1D‐1H‐NOESY is the most utilized (Beckonert et al., Nat Protoc 2007;2:2692–2703) NMR pulse sequence for the collection of metabonomics NMR data from biological samples such as blood plasma, serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, sputum, or homogenized tissue extracts. While the 1D version of the 2D‐1H,1H‐NOESY pulse sequence has become widely used in metabonomics studies, the understanding of the mechanism of solvent suppression has not kept pace. This article will examine the mechanisms by which the 1D‐NOESY suppresses solvent signals and detail the pulse sequence's components in terms of function, phase cycle, and performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 38: 197–220, 2011.
Expression of ki‐67 as proliferation biomarker in imprint smears of endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Kosmas K. , Stamoulas M. , Marouga A. , Kavantzas N. , Patsouris E. , Athanassiadou P. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe aims of this study were to determine the expression of Ki‐67 in type I and type II endometrial adenocarcinomas as well as normal endometrium in imprint smears and to correlate the results with clinicopathologic parameters of primary untreated endometrial cancer patients. During a 29‐month period, 255 patients were evaluated with entometrial imprint cytology. Endometrial samples freshly resected from women who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy were studied. One hundred twenty‐six patients had endometrial carcinoma and 129 cases were diagnosed as normal endometrium. The expression of Ki‐67 was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Positive staining was correlated with increased stage, grade and lymph node metastases. High expression was more frequent in type II than type I endometrial adenocarcinoma and high‐grade endometrial carcinoma had higher proportions of Ki‐67 positive immunostaining compared with low‐grade carcinoma. Proliferative endometrium showed high Ki‐67 expression level, even higher than those of grade 1 and type I. On the other hand, secretory endometrium Ki‐67 positive cells were markedly diminished and even disappeared. Completely negative staining was found to be related to atrophic endometrium. Immunocytochemical findings from Ki‐67 stain, in addition to cytomorphologic features, appeared to be useful for the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma in endometrial cytology with imprint smears. High Ki‐67 expression correlates with morphologic features of aggressiveness and the expression pattern of Ki‐67 correspond to the expected cyclic/atrophic pattern in normal endometrium. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with multiple bone and soft tissue metastases and atypical cytomorphological features—A rare case report
Authors: Rastogi Archana , Bihari Chhagan , Jain Deepak , Gupta Navin Lajpatrai , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with atypical cytomorphological features and presenting with bone and soft tissue metastasis is very rare. We report a 65‐year‐old male patient of HCC who presented with bone and soft tissue metastases and was clinically and radiologically suspected to have a soft tissue sarcoma. The patient presented with severe cervical pain with palpable masses in right scapular, nape of neck, and occiput area of scalp. Radiologically, these were large, bulky soft tissue masses expansile, destructive, and lytic in nature. Cytomorphologic studies revealed HCC with uncommon features of multinucleated osteoclast‐like giant cell and very prominent intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies (IHBs). Cytology, immunohistochemistry on cell block preparation, rising serum α‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels (1121.93–5000 ng/ml), and PIVKA II levels confirmed the diagnosis. The patient has been on follow‐up on sorafinib for 2 months and is doing well. This case emphasizes the need for systematic approach in cases of HCC with atypical clinical presentation and unusual cytomorphology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visual experience affects both behavioral and neuronal aspects in the individual life history of the desert ant Cataglyphis fortis
Authors: Stieb Sara Mae , Hellwig Anna , Wehner Rüdiger , Rössler Wolfgang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe individual life history of the desert ant Cataglyphis fortis is characterized by a fast transition from interior tasks to mainly visually guided foraging. Previous studies revealed a remarkable structural synaptic plasticity in visual and olfactory input regions within the mushroom bodies of the ants' brain centers involved in learning and memory. Reorganization of synaptic complexes (microglomeruli) was shown to be triggered by sensory exposure rather than an internal program. Using video analyses at the natural nest site and activity recordings after artificial light treatments we investigated whether the ants get exposed to light before onset of foraging and whether this changes the ants' activity levels. We asked whether synaptic reorganization occurs in a similar time window by immunolabeling and quantification of pre‐ and postsynaptic compartments of visual and olfactory microglomeruli after periods of light‐exposure. Ants reverted back to dark nest conditions were used to investigate whether synaptic reorganization is reversible. The behavior analyses revealed that late‐interior ants (diggers) are exposed to light and perform exploration runs up to 2 days before they start foraging. This corresponds well with the result that artificial light treatment over more than 2–3 days significantly increased the ants' locomotor activities. At the neuronal level, visual exposure of more than 1 day was necessary to trigger reorganization of microglomeruli, and light‐induced changes were only partly reversible in the dark. We conclude that visual preexposure is an important and flexible means to prepare the ants' visual pathway for orientation capabilities essential during foraging. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 729–742, 2012
Analysis of Pax7 expressing myogenic cells in zebrafish muscle development, injury, and models of disease
Authors: Seger Claudia , Hargrave Murray , Wang Xingang , Chai Ruth Jinfen , Elworthy Stone , Ingham Philip W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe transcription factor Pax7 is a marker and regulator of muscle progenitors and satellite cells that contribute to the embryonic development and postembryonic growth of skeletal muscle in vertebrates, as well as to its repair and regeneration. Here, we identify Pax7+ve myogenic cells in the zebrafish and characterize their behavior in postembryonic stages. Mononucleate Pax7+ve cells can first be found associated with myofibers at 72 hours post fertilization (hpf). To follow the behavior of muscle progenitor cells in vivo, we generated transgenic lines expressing fluorescent proteins under the control of the pax7a or pax3a promoters. We established an injury model using cardiotoxin injection and monitored cell proliferation and myogenic regulatory factor expression in myogenic precursors cells and muscle fibers after injury using proliferation markers and the transgenic lines. We also analyzed Pax7+ve cells in animals with dystrophic phenotypes and found an increased number compared with wild‐type. Developmental Dynamics 240:2440–2451, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Platelet‐activating factor detection, metabolism, and inhibitors in the ethanologenic bacterium Zymomonas mobilis
Authors: Tsoupras Alexandros B. , Demopoulos Constantinos A. , Pappas Katherine M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPlatelet‐activating factor (PAF) is a signaling phospholipid with a significant physiological role in multicellular and unicellular organisms, including fermentative organisms such as yeast. Zymomonas mobilis is an ethanologenic α‐proteobacterium currently studied for bioethanol production. In order to examine the presence of PAF and/or PAF inhibitors in Z. mobilis, a new one‐step high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation procedure of total lipids was performed, using a C8 reversed‐phase semi‐preparative column. According to this method and to bioassays based on washed rabbit platelet aggregation, two lipid molecules with PAF‐like activity and same retention times as those of standard PAF were detected; electron‐spray ionization MS and MS/MS analysis revealed that they share similar structure with 16:0 and 18:0 PAF. Furthermore, other lipids extracted from Z. mobilis were found to exhibit a potent anti‐PAF activity. Enzyme activities indicative of key PAF biosynthetic enzymes, such as dithiothreitol‐insensitive cholinephosphotransferase (PAF‐CPT) and lyso‐PAF acetyltransferase were detected in Z. mobilis homogenates. As for PAF degradation, activity similar to that of PAF acetylhydrolase was also discovered. Overall, the presence of PAF, PAF‐specific inhibitors, and enzyme activities relating to PAF metabolism, suggests that PAF may play an intrinsic role in this biotechnological organism.Practical applications: Z. mobilis is a platform microorganism for bioethanol production and a potential source of high‐value chemicals of interest to the food and healthcare industries. Further investigation of PAF's role is bound to affect applications involving this and other biotechnological organisms. The finding that Z. mobilis lipids exhibit potent anti‐PAF activity opens up prospects for their identification, overproduction and pharmaceutical use. The presented HPLC method for lipid fractionation accomplishes a one‐step separation of lipids from dense samples, which may be successfully employed to other lipid‐rich sources such as blood.
Changes in fatty acids and volatile components in mackerel by broiling
Authors: Chung Hyun , Choi Arum , Cho In Hee , Kim Young‐Suk 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMackerel is known to be a rich source of omega‐3 family PUFAs. The acid value and conjugated dienoic acid value of mackerel, known as indices of oxidation, were determined. Fatty acids in both raw and broiled mackerels were analyzed by GC. PUFAs and saturated fatty acids were observed at a low level in broiled mackerel, possibly as a result of thermal degradation of the lipids. In addition, volatile components in mackerel extracted by solvent‐assisted flavor evaporation were analyzed by GC‐MS. In total, 38 volatile components were detected in raw mackerel, whereas 53 volatiles were found in broiled mackerel. Hydrocarbons and methyl‐ and/or ethyl‐substituted benzenes were quantitatively dominant. Levels of aldehydes and alcohols were significantly enhanced in broiled mackerel, as was the level of benzothiazole, which possibly forms as a result of the condensation of thermal degradation products from amino acids and/or proteins, and lipids.
Regulation of polyisoprenylated methylated protein methyl esterase by polyunsaturated fatty acids and prostaglandins
Authors: Amissah Felix , Taylor Shalina , Duverna Randolph , Ayuk‐Takem Lambert T. , Lamango Nazarius S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPolyisoprenylation is a set of secondary modifications involving proteins whose aberrant activities are implicated in cancers and degenerative disorders. The last step of the pathway involves an ester‐forming polyisoprenylated protein methyl transferase‐ and hydrolytic polyisoprenylated methylated protein methyl esterase (PMPMEase)‐catalyzed reactions. Omega‐3 and omega‐6 PUFAs have been linked with antitumorigeneis and tumorigenesis, respectively. PUFAs are structurally similar to the polyisoprenyl groups and may interfere with polyisoprenylated protein metabolism. It was hypothesized that PUFAs may be more potent inhibitors of PMPMEase than their more polar oxidative metabolites, the prostaglandins. As such, the relative effects of PUFAs and prostaglandins on PMPMEase could explain the association between cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expression in tumors, the chemopreventive effects of the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory (NSAIDs) COX‐2 inhibitors and PUFAs. PUFAs such as AA, EPA, and DHA inhibited PMPMEase activity with Ki values of 0.12–3.7 µM. The most potent prostaglandin was 63‐fold less potent than AA. The PUFAs were also more effective at inducing neuroblastoma cell death at physiologically equivalent concentrations. The lost PMPMEase activity in AA‐treated degenerating cells was restored by incubating the lysates with COX‐1 or COX‐2. PUFAs may thus be physiological regulators of cell growth and could owe these effects to PMPMEase inhibition.Practical applications: Some PUFAs have been widely reported to have anticancer benefits. However, the molecular mechanisms for these effects are not well understood. The findings in the current paper appear to suggest that inhibition of PMPMEase may underlie their effects. They also imply that the expression of COX‐2 in various tumors may serve to convert the PUFAs into significantly less inhibitory prostaglandins. From these findings, AA and the other PUFAs, rather than being substrates for the synthesis of tumorigenic agents may actually contribute in suppressing cell proliferation. This being congruent with the lower cancer risks associated with long term use of anti‐inflammatory agents, the practical implications will likely include the nutritional and/or therapeutic management of cancer with the goal of maintaining suitable levels of the fatty acids in tissues.
Optimization of antigorite heat pre‐treatment via kinetic modeling of the dehydroxylation reaction for CO2 mineralization
Authors: Balucan Reydick D. , Kennedy Eric M. , Mackie John F. , Dlugogorski Bogdan Z. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis contribution describes a predictive framework expedient to the thermal processing of serpentinites for the mineralization of CO2. We demonstrate the optimization of heat treatment of antigorite, providing a benchmark of an extreme case of activation among serpentine minerals. Antigorite was investigated non‐isothermally via thermogravimetry‐mass spectrometry and in situ X‐ray powder diffraction, its thermal reaction sequence elucidated, and reaction kinetics subsequently modeled. Based on the thermally induced structural changes, preferred content of residual hydroxyls in the dehydroxylated antigorite amounts to 10–40% of those present initially. This degree of dehydroxylation minimized the transformation of antigorite into new crystalline phases maximizing the amorphization of the new structure. The thermal reaction sequence provided both the explanation for the observed kinetic behavior and the basis for this optimization strategy. The optimal time for heat activation corresponds to ≤30 min, including the heat‐up period at a rate of 30 °C min–1 and an isothermal stage at 730 °C. This was successfully modeled using a three‐dimensional phase boundary reaction model (R3), with activation energy Ea of 160 kJ mol–1 and a frequency factor A of 5.7 ± 4.1 × 105 s–1 (5.7 × 105 s–1 for dynamic and 1.6 × 105 s–1 for static stage). This strategy translates to a fast and efficient thermal processing in an optimally sized calcining vessel. Furthermore, these results imply that activation of the more common serpentine minerals lizardite and chrysotile would be significantly faster as their dehydroxylation proceeds at lower temperatures than that of antigorite. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Ammonium salt‐based steelmaking slag carbonation: Precipitation of CaCO3 and ammonia losses assessment
Authors: Eloneva Sanni , Mannisto Pekka , Said Arshe , Fogelholm Carl‐Johan , Zevenhoven Ron 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA mineral carbonation method based on steelmaking slags and ammonium salt solutions has been found to have economical and CO2 emission reduction potential. Although the aqueous solution of ammonium salt can be recycled, some of the solvent is likely to escape in a form of ammonia vapor within the outgoing gas flow during the carbonation step. In this study, the escape of ammonia vapor was investigated. The loss of NH3 was found to be quite insignificant and in addition, the total solution loss per step was very small. The CO2 content of the ingoing gas flow affected the rate of the CaCO3 precipitation; the smaller the CO2 content, the longer the duration of the carbonation reaction. However, the CO2 content did not seem to have a significant effect on the degree of CaCO3 precipitation, indicating that CO2 capture in a separate process step should not be needed. CaCO3 precipitated in a form of calcite, although two of the precipitates also contained aragonite. Furthermore, the precipitates were found to be of high quality with bright white color, and fine and powdery texture. Nonetheless, in order to obtain high‐quality CaCO3, the precipitate resulting from the carbonation step should be washed with an adequate amount of water. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Muscarinic receptor activation enables persistent firing in pyramidal neurons from superficial layers of dorsal perirhinal cortex
Authors: Navaroli Vicky L. , Zhao Yanjun , Boguszewski Pawel , Brown Thomas H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPersistent‐firing neurons in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) continue to discharge long after the termination of the original, spike‐initiating current. An emerging theory proposes that endogenous persistent firing helps support a transient memory system. This study demonstrated that persistent‐firing neurons are also prevalent in rat perirhinal cortex (PR), which lies immediately adjacent to and is reciprocally connected with EC and LA. Several characteristics of persistent‐firing neurons in PR were similar to those previously reported in LA and EC. Persistent firing in PR was enabled by the application of carbachol, a nonselective cholinergic agonist, and it was induced by injecting a suprathreshold current or by stimulating suprathreshold excitatory synaptic inputs to the neuron. Once induced, persistent firing lasted for seconds to minutes. Persistent firing could always be terminated by a sufficiently large and prolonged hyperpolarizing current; it was prevented by antagonists of muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs); and it was blocked by flufenamic acid. The latter has been suggested to inhibit a Ca2+‐activated nonspecific cation conductance (GCAN) that normally furnishes the sustained depolarization during persistent firing. In many PR neurons, the discharge rate during persistent firing was a graded function of depolarizing and/or hyperpolarizing inputs. Persistent firing was not prevented by blocking fast excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission, demonstrating that it can be generated endogenously. We suggest that persistent‐firing neurons in PR, EC, LA, and certain other brain regions may cooperate in support of a transient‐memory system. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integration managers' value‐capturing roles and acquisition performance
Authors: Teerikangas Satu , Véry Philippe , Pisano Vincenzo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAlthough the significance of managing the acquisition process is acknowledged, little evidence exists as to the ways in which managerial action throughout this process impacts acquisition performance. In this article, the researchers draw attention to the central, yet largely neglected figure responsible for implementing mergers and acquisitions (M&A), namely “the integration manager.” Drawing from an extensive study of nine related, friendly acquisitions involving 166 interviews, the authors find that integration managers affect acquisition performance by capturing value derived from (a) the preacquisition phase, (b) the acquiring firm, and (c) the acquired firm. Through their in/;action, integration managers affect two sources of economic performance: the extent of additional value created and the extent of value leaked. The findings contribute to enriching our knowledge of managing the acquisition process and are a call for more actor‐based, micro‐level studies on the ways in which managing the acquisition process and the actors therein affect acquisition performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc