bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Surgery and Parental Smoking Behavior
Authors: Shi Yu , Warner David O. 
Published: June 2011

Background
Secondhand smoke exposure poses health risks to children, including increased risks for anesthesia. In adult smokers, surgery serves as a teachable moment to motivate quitting. For parents who smoke, having a child undergo surgery may also serve as a teachable moment for smoking behavioral change. This study determined if there is an association between children undergoing a surgical procedure and changes in their parents' smoking behavior.

Methods
Secondary analyses were performed using logistic regression analysis of 2005 survey data from the National Health Interview Survey. Analyses included 9,289 parent respondents who provided information on both themselves and their children.

Results
Of the sampled children, 1,112 (12.6%, 95% CI:11.7, 13.4) lived in a home with at least one person who smoked inside in a usual week. In multivariate analysis of the relationship between parent and child surgical history in the past 12 months and smoking behavior, surgery in either the parent (odds ratio 2.19, 95% CI: 1.55, 3.08) or child (odds ratio 2.61, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.35) was associated with an increased likelihood of a quit attempt by the parent. However, these attempts were more likely to be successful if the parents (odds ratio 2.35, 95% CI: 1.35, 4.07), not their child (odds ratio 0.51, 95% CI: 0.20, 1.28), had surgery within the past 12 months.

Conclusions
Parents who smoke were more likely to make a quit attempt within the past 12 months if their children had surgery within this time, but they were not more likely to succeed in maintaining abstinence and thus could benefit from assistance.
Jasmonate Controls Polypeptide Patterning in Undamaged Tissue in Wounded Arabidopsis Leaves
Authors: Gfeller Aurélie , Baerenfaller Katja , Loscos Jorge , Chételat Aurore , Baginsky Sacha , Farmer Edward E. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Wounding initiates a strong and largely jasmonate-dependent remodelling of the transcriptome in the leaf blades of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). How much control do jasmonates exert on wound-induced protein repatterning in leaves? Replicated shotgun proteomic analyses of 2.5-mm-wide leaf strips adjacent to wounds revealed 106 differentially regulated proteins. Many of these gene products have not emerged as being wound regulated in transcriptomic studies. From experiments using the jasmonic acid (JA)-deficient allene oxide synthase mutant we estimated that approximately 95% of wound-stimulated changes in protein levels were deregulated in the absence of JA. The levels of two tonoplast proteins already implicated in defense response regulation, TWO-PORE CHANNEL1 and the calcium-V-ATPase ACA4 increased on wounding, but their transcripts were not wound inducible. The data suggest new roles for jasmonate in controlling the levels of calcium-regulated pumps and transporters, proteins involved in targeted proteolysis, a putative bacterial virulence factor target, a light-dependent catalyst, and a key redox-controlled enzyme in glutathione synthesis. Extending the latter observation we found that wounding increased the proportion of oxidized glutathione in leaves, but only in plants able to synthesize JA. The oxidizing conditions generated through JA signaling near wounds help to define the cellular environment in which proteome remodelling occurs.
Developmental Analysis of aMedicago truncatula smooth leaf margin1Mutant Reveals Context-Dependent Effects on Compound Leaf Development
Authors: Zhou Chuanen , Han Lu , Hou Chunyan , Metelli Alessandra , Qi Liying , Tadege Million , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Wang Zeng-Yu 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCompound leaf development requires highly regulated cell proliferation, differentiation, and expansion patterns. We identified loss-of-function alleles at the SMOOTH LEAF MARGIN1 (SLM1) locus in Medicago truncatula, a model legume species with trifoliate adult leaves. SLM1 encodes an auxin efflux carrier protein and is the ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1). Auxin distribution is impaired in the slm1 mutant, resulting in pleiotropic phenotypes in different organs. The most striking change in slm1 is the increase in the number of terminal leaflets and a simultaneous reduction in the number of lateral leaflets, accompanied by reduced expression of SINGLE LEAFLET1 (SGL1), an ortholog of LEAFY. Characterization of the mutant indicates that distinct developmental domains exist in the formation of terminal and lateral leaflets. In contrast with the pinnate compound leaves in the wild type, the slm1 sgl1 double mutant shows nonpeltately palmate leaves, suggesting that the terminal leaflet primordium in M. truncatula has a unique developmental mechanism. Further investigations on the development of leaf serrations reveal different ontogenies between distal serration and marginal serration formation as well as between serration and leaflet formation. These data suggest that regulation of the elaboration of compound leaves and serrations is context dependent and tightly correlated with the auxin/SLM1 module in M. truncatula.
Structure and evolution of mass transport deposits in the South Caspian Basin, Azerbaijan
Authors: Richardson Steve E. J. , Davies Richard J. , Allen Mark B. , Grant Simon F. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThe Quaternary to late Pliocene sedimentary succession along the margin of the South Caspian Basin contains numerous kilometre‐scale submarine slope failures, which were sourced along the basin slope and from the inclined flanks of contemporaneous anticlines. This study uses three‐dimensional (3D) seismic reflection data to visualise the internal structure of 27 mass transport deposits and catalogues the syndepositional structures contained within them. These are used to interpret emplacement processes occurring during submarine slope failure. The deposits consist of three linked structural domains: extensional, translational and compressive, each containing characteristic structures. Novel features are present within the mass transport deposits: (1) a diverging retrogression of the headwall scarp; (2) the absence of a conventional headwall scarp around growth stratal pinch outs; (3) restraining bends in the lateral margin; (4) a downslope increase in the throw of thrust faults. The results of this study shed light on the deformation that occurred during submarine slope failure, and highlight an important geological process in the evolution of the South Caspian Basin margin.
Influence of methotrexate on infliximab pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Ternant David , Mulleman Denis , Lauféron Francine , Vignault Céline , Ducourau Emilie , Wendling Daniel , Goupille Philippe , Paintaud Gilles 
Published: June 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Infliximab pharmacokinetics in ankylosing spondylitis has been described but using sparce data.• A previous work suggests that infliximab concentrations influence clinical response in ankylosing spondylitis, but the infliximab concentration–effect relationship is not known in this disease.• Methotrexate was shown to influence infliximab pharmacokinetics in rheumatoid arthritis.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• This study is the first to describe infliximab pharmacokinetics in ankylosing arthritis using rich data.• The infliximab concentration explains only a small part of interindividual variability in the response of ankylosing arthritis patients.• Contrary to what is observed in rheumatoid arthritis, methotrexate influences neither infliximab pharmacokinetics nor concentration–response relationship in ankylosing spondylitis.AIMSInfliximab, an anti‐tumour necrosis factor α monoclonal antibody, has profoundly modified the treatment of several inflammatory diseases. The objective was to assess the influence of methotrexate on the variability of infliximab pharmacokinetics and concentration–effect relationship in axial ankylosing spondylitis (AAS) patients.METHODSTwenty‐six patients with AAS were included in a prospective study. They were treated by infliximab 5 mg kg−1 infusions at weeks 0, 2, 6, 12 and 18. Infliximab concentrations were measured before, and 2 and 4 h after each infusion, and at each intermediate visit (weeks 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10 and 14). Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) was measured at each visit. Infliximab pharmacokinetics was described using a two‐compartment model with first‐order distribution and elimination constants. A population approach was used. Infliximab pharmacodynamics was described using the area under the BASDAI curve.RESULTSA total of 507 blood samples and 329 BASDAI measurements were collected. The following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained (interindividual coefficient of variation): volumes of distribution for the central compartment = 2.4 l (9.6%) and peripheral compartment = 1.8 l (26%), systemic clearance = 0.23 l day−1 (22%) and intercompartment clearance = 2.3 l day−1. Methotrexate influenced neither pharmacokinetic nor BASDAI variability.CONCLUSIONSUsing the present dosage, the clinical efficacy of infliximab is only weakly influenced by its serum concentrations. The results do not support the combination of methotrexate with infliximab in ankylosing spondylitis.
Animal age, packaging and antioxidant treatment effects on sensory characteristics of beef Infraspinatus muscle
Authors: Wadhwani Ranjeeta , Cornforth Daren P. , Murdia Lalit K. , Whittier Dick 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThe objective was to determine effects of animal age, packaging and antioxidant treatment on colour and sensory characteristics of infraspinatus (IF) muscle of the beef shoulder (chuck). IF steaks from older animals (USDA commercial grade; >42 months age) had higher (P < 0.05) muscle pigment levels and redness than young select grade steaks. Steaks in 80% oxygen‐modified atmospheric packaging (O2‐MAP) had higher (P < 0.05) thiobarbituric acid values than steaks in 0.4% carbon monoxide‐modified atmospheric packaging (CO‐MAP) (1.30 and 0.41, respectively). Descriptive rancidity scores were lowest for select grade steaks in CO‐MAP (1.03). Beef flavour intensity was higher (P < 0.05) for steaks in CO‐MAP, even though steaks were held longer (21 days) before cooking. Sour/grassy scores were highest (P < 0.05) for steaks in polyvinyl‐chloride film (5 days storage), and lowest (P < 0.05) for steaks in CO‐MAP, indicating that sour/grassy flavour dissipated at longer storage times.
Preparation of biopolymer film from chitosan modified with lipid fraction
Authors: Souza Vanderlei C. , Monte Micheli L. , Pinto Luiz A. A. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryFilms formed from polysaccharides, as chitosan, present a high permeability in water vapour. In order to increase resistance to water vapour for chitosan‐based films, different lipid fractions were incorporated into a filmogenic matrix: fish and vegetable oils, stearic and oleic acids. The chitosan showed a molecular weight of 150 kDa and a deacetylation degree of 86 ± 1%. Results showed that incorporation of different lipid fractions decreased the water vapour permeability (WVP) (1.3–1.8 g mm m−2 day−1 kPa−1) as compared with pure chitosan film (3.8 g mm m−2 day−1 kPa−1). A higher reduction in WVP (65%) was found with the addition of refined fish oil to the continuous matrix of the films than with the addition of refined rice oil, oleic or stearic acid (50–60%). However, pure chitosan films showed better tensile strength (TS = 33 MPa) and elongation percentage (E = 18%) than lipids fraction–chitosan films (7–19 MPa and 7–13%, respectively).
Effect of solvent type on the extractability of bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity and colour properties of natural annatto extracts
Authors: Chisté Renan C. , Benassi Marta T. , Mercadante Adriana Z. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThis study was conducted to obtain annatto extracts with both high antioxidant capacity and colour potential using solvents of different polarities (water, ethanol/water, ethanol, ethanol/ethyl acetate and ethyl acetate). The highest levels of total phenolic compounds were found in the water, ethanol/water and ethanol extracts (0.5 mg GAE mL−1), and the highest level of bixin was found in the ethanol/ethyl acetate extract (5.2 mg mL−1), which was characterised as the reddest and the most vivid one (a* = 40.5, h° = 46.1, C* = 58.4). The ethanol/ethyl acetate extract also showed the highest antioxidant activity (4.7 μm TEAC mL−1) and the highest percentage of tryptophan protection against singlet oxygen (63.6%). On the other hand, ethyl acetate and ethanol/water were the least effective solvents for the extraction of phenolic compounds and bixin, respectively. According to the multivariate statistical analysis, ethanol/ethyl acetate and ethyl acetate were the most promising solvents to obtain annatto extracts with both antioxidant and colour properties.
Pharmacokinetics of the cytochrome P‐450 substrates phenytoin, theophylline, and diazepam in healthy Greyhound dogs
Authors: KuKANICH B. , NAUSS J. L. 
Published: June 2011

KuKanich, B., Nauss, J. L. Pharmacokinetics of the cytochrome P‐450 substrates phenytoin, theophylline, and diazepam in healthy Greyhound dogs.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 275–281.The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin, theophylline, and diazepam in six healthy Greyhound dogs. Additionally, the pharmacokinetics of the diazepam metabolites, oxazepam and nordiazepam, after diazepam administration was determined. Phenytoin sodium (12 mg/kg), aminophylline (10 mg/kg), and diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) were administered IV on separate occasions, and blood was collected at predetermined time points for the quantification of plasma drug concentrations by florescence polarization immunoassay (phenytoin, theophylline) or mass spectrometry (diazepam, oxazepam, and nordiazepam). The terminal half‐life was 4.9, 9.2, and 1.0 h, respectively, for phenytoin, theophylline, and diazepam, and 6.2 and 2.4 h for oxazepam and nordiazepam after IV diazepam. The clearance was of 2.37, 0.935, and 27.9 mL·min/kg, respectively, for phenytoin, theophylline, and diazepam. TheCMAXwas 44.7 and 305.2 ng/mL for oxazepam and nordiazepam, respectively, after diazepam administration. Temazepam was not detected above 5 ng/mL in any sample after IV diazepam.
Transcriptional regulation of MG_149, an osmoinducible lipoprotein gene from Mycoplasma genitalium
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Baseman Joel B. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryTranscriptional regulation remains poorly understood in Mycoplasma genitalium, the smallest self‐replicating cell and the causative agent of a spectrum of urogenital diseases. Previously, we reported that MG_149, a lipoprotein‐encoding gene, was highly induced under physiological hyperosmolarity conditions. In this study we further analysed MG_149 transcription with a focus on the identification of promoter elements and regulatory mechanisms. We established MG_149 as a genuine osmoinducible gene that exhibited the highest transcript abundance compared with other lipoprotein genes. Using genetic approaches, we demonstrated that the −10 region of the MG_149 promoter was essential for osmoinduction. Moreover, we showed that MG_149 osmoinduction was regulated by DNA supercoiling, as the presence of novobiocin decreased MG_149 expression in a dose‐dependent manner. Taken together, these results indicate that DNA supercoiling participates in controlling MG_149 expression during in vivo‐like conditions.
Regulation of fructooligosaccharide metabolism in an extra‐intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strain
Authors: Porcheron Gaëlle , Kut Emmanuel , Canepa Sylvie , Maurel Marie‐Christine , Schouler Catherine 
Published: June 2011

SummaryA gene cluster involved in the metabolism of prebiotic short‐chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) has recently been identified in the extra‐intestinal avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain BEN2908. This gene cluster, called the fos locus, plays a major role in the initiation stage of chicken intestinal colonization. This locus is composed of six genes organized as an operon encoding a sugar transporter and enzymes involved in scFOS metabolism, and of a divergently transcribed gene encoding a transcriptional regulator, FosR, belonging to the LacI/GalR family. To decipher the regulation of scFOS metabolism, we monitored the fos operon promoter activity using a luciferase reporter gene assay. We demonstrated that the expression of fos genes is repressed by FosR, controlled by catabolite repression and induced in the presence of scFOS. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and surface plasmon resonance experiments, we showed that FosR binds to two operator sequences of the fos operon promoter region. This binding to DNA was inhibited in the presence of scFOS, especially by GF2. We then propose a model of scFOS metabolism regulation in a pathogenic bacterium, which will help to identify the environmental conditions required for fos gene expression and to understand the role of this locus in intestinal colonization.
Two linked genes encoding a secreted effector and a membrane protein are essential for Ustilago maydis‐induced tumour formation
Authors: Doehlemann Gunther , Reissmann Stefanie , Aßmann Daniela , Fleckenstein Martin , Kahmann Regine 
Published: June 2011

Summary Ustilago maydis is a biotrophic fungal pathogen that colonizes living tissue of its host plant maize. Based on transcriptional upregulation during biotrophic development we identified the pit (proteins important for tumours) cluster, a novel gene cluster comprising four genes of which two are predicted to encode secreted effectors. Disruption of the gene cluster abolishes U. maydis‐induced tumour formation and this phenotype can be caused by deleting either pit1 encoding a transmembrane protein or pit2 encoding a secreted protein. Pit1 localizes to the fungal plasma membrane at hyphal tips, endosomes and vacuoles while Pit2 is secreted to the biotrophic interface. Both Δpit1 and Δpit2 mutants are able to penetrate maize epidermis and grow intracellularly at sites of infection but fail to spread in the infected leaf. Microarray analysis shows an indistinguishable response of the plant to infection by Δpit1 and Δpit2 mutant strains. Transcriptional activation of maize defence genes in infections with Δpit1/2 mutant strains indicates that the mutants have a defect in suppressing plant immune responses. Our results suggest that the activity of Pit1 and Pit2 during tumour formation might be functionally linked and we discuss possibilities for a putative functional connection of the two proteins.
Responses to water stress of gas exchange and metabolites in Eucalyptus and Acacia spp.
Authors: WARREN CHARLES R. , ARANDA ISMAEL , CANO F. JAVIER 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTStudies of water stress commonly examine either gas exchange or leaf metabolites, and many fail to quantify the concentration of CO2 in the chloroplasts (Cc). We redress these limitations by quantifying Cc from discrimination against 13CO2 and using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for leaf metabolite profiling. Five Eucalyptus and two Acacia species from semi‐arid to mesic habitats were subjected to a 2 month water stress treatment (Ψpre‐dawn = −1.7 to −2.3 MPa). Carbohydrates dominated the leaf metabolite profiles of species from dry areas, whereas organic acids dominated the metabolite profiles of species from wet areas. Water stress caused large decreases in photosynthesis and Cc, increases in 17–33 metabolites and decreases in 0–9 metabolites. In most species, fructose, glucose and sucrose made major contributions to osmotic adjustment. In Acacia, significant osmotic adjustment was also caused by increases in pinitol, pipecolic acid and trans‐4‐hydroxypipecolic acid. There were also increases in low‐abundance metabolites (e.g. proline and erythritol), and metabolites that are indicative of stress‐induced changes in metabolism [e.g. γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt, photorespiration, phenylpropanoid pathway]. The response of gas exchange to water stress and rewatering is rather consistent among species originating from mesic to semi‐arid habitats, and the general response of metabolites to water stress is rather similar, although the specific metabolites involved may vary.
Compound‐specific differences in 13C of soluble carbohydrates in leaves and phloem of 6‐month‐old Eucalyptus globulus (Labill)
Authors: MERCHANT ANDREW , WILD BIRGIT , RICHTER ANDREAS , BELLOT SIDONIE , ADAMS MARK A. , DREYER ERWIN 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTMovement of photoassimilates from leaves to phloem is an important step for the flux of carbon through plants. Fractionation of carbon isotopes during this process may influence their abundance in heterotrophic tissues. We subjected Eucalyptus globulus to 20, 25 and 28 °C ambient growth temperatures and measured compound‐specific δ13C of carbohydrates obtained from leaves and bled phloem sap. We compared δ13C of sucrose and raffinose obtained from leaf or phloem and of total leaf soluble carbon, with modelled values predicted by leaf gas exchange. Changes in δ13C of sucrose and raffinose obtained from either leaves or phloem sap were more tightly coupled to changes in ci/ca than was δ13C of leaf soluble carbon. At 25 and 28 °C, sucrose and raffinose were enriched in 13C compared to leaf soluble carbon and predicted values – irrespective of tissue type. Phloem sucrose was depleted and raffinose enriched in 13C compared to leaf extracts. Intermolecular and tissue‐specific δ13C reveal that multiple systematic factors influence 13C composition during export to phloem. Predicting sensitivity of these factors to changes in plant physiological status will improve our ability to infer plant function at a range of temporal and spatial scales.
Accuracy of circulating cathodic antigen tests for rapid mapping of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium infections in Southern Sudan
Authors: Ashton Ruth A. , Stewart Barclay T. , Petty Nora , Lado Mounir , Finn Timothy , Brooker Simon , Kolaczinski Jan H. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryObjective  To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) urine dipstick test for detecting Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium alongside an integrated rapid mapping survey in Southern Sudan.Methods and Results  A total of 373 children aged 5–16 years were included in the study. Of these 26.0% were infected with S. haematobium and 24.5% were infected with S. mansoni, as identified by urine filtration or single Kato–Katz thick smear, respectively. The CCA performed moderately in detecting S. mansoni, with sensitivity of 89.1% and specificity of 74.2%, and poorly in detecting S. haematobium infections, with a sensitivity of 36.8% and specificity of 78.9%. This may be a slight underestimate of true CCA accuracy, since only single stool and urine samples were examined by microscopy. The true ‘gold standard’ for comparison would have been the collection of multiple stool samples over consecutive days.Conclusion  The poor CCA accuracy for diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis means that this test is currently not suitable for rapid mapping of schistosomiasis in areas where both S. mansoni and S. haematobium may be endemic.