bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prestoea palm flower visitors and potential pollinators in the Andean–Amazonian Piedmont Forest of Ecuador
Authors: Ayala González Jholaus , de Medeiros Bruno A. S. , Peñuela Mora María Cristina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe palms Prestoea acuminata and P. schultzeana are found at altitudes between 800 and 2600 m asl. and 200 and 1300 m asl., respectively. Although they are important components in the dynamics of the Andean–Amazon transition forest, and are used by local communities, there is not enough biological information that explain their strategies for reproductive dynamics and its conservation. In order to contribute to the knowledge of the reproductive biology of these species we studied the diversity of flower visitors and pollinators of each one, the differences between the pistillate and staminate phases and the species shared between them. The study was carried out in the Piedmont evergreen forest and the Napo low evergreen forest of Ecuador. We collected 15 inflorescences of P. acuminata and 9 of P. schultzeana. We then divided the flower visitors into morphospecies and counted, photographed and identified them to the best possible taxonomic level. We counted 10,123 flower visitors from 82 morphospecies in P. acuminata and 1192 from 42 morphospecies in P. schultzeana. Based on abundance and frequency of morphospecies, and observations of pollen in the pistillate phase, we found six potential pollinators in P. acuminata, all Coleoptera, and five in P. schultzeana, three Coleoptera and two Diptera, suggesting the cantharophily syndrome of the former and the myophily of the latter. The palm species shared only one morphospecies of Aleocharinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), showing that flower visitors are very specific to each palm and their importance in maintaining insect diversity in these forests.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
MicroRNA‐3061 downregulates the expression of PAX7/Wnt/Ca2+ signalling axis genes to induce premature ovarian failure in mice
Authors: Liu Te , Wen Yichao , Cui Zeyu , Chen Haiyang , Lin Jiajia , Xu Jianghong , Chen Danping , Zhu Ying , Yu Zhihua , Wang Chunxia , Zhang Bimeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe in‐depth mechanisms of microRNA regulation of premature ovarian failure (POF) remain unclear. Crispr‐cas9 technology was used to construct transgenic mice. The qPCR and Western blot was used to detect the expression level of genes. H&E staining were used to detect ovarian pathological phenotypes. We found that the expression levels of microRNA‐3061 were significantly higher in ovarian granulosa cells (OGCs) of POF mouse models than in controls. The miR‐3061+/−/AMH‐Cre+/− transgenic mice manifested symptoms of POF. RNA‐Seq and luciferase reporter assay confirmed that the PAX7 was one of the target genes negatively regulated by microRNA‐3061 (miR‐3061–5p). Moreover, PAX7 mediated the expression of non‐canonical Wnt/Ca2+ signalling pathway by binding to the motifs of promoters to stimulate the transcriptional activation of Wnt5a and CamK2a. In contrast, specific knock‐in of microRNA‐3061 in OGCs significantly downregulated the expression levels of PAX7 and inhibited the expression of downstream Wnt/Ca2+ signalling pathway. We also discerned a correlation between the expression levels of mRNAs of the Wnt/Ca2+ signalling pathway and the levels of E2 and FSH in POF patients by examining gene expression in the follicular fluid‐derived exosomes of women. We confirmed that overexpression of microRNA‐3061 induced proliferative inhibition of OGCs and ultimately induced POF in mice by suppressing the transcription factor PAX7 and downregulating expression levels of its downstream Wnt/Ca2+ signalling pathway genes.
A case of diagnostic uncertainty: High‐grade melanocytoma versus balloon cell melanoma in a pediatric patient
Authors: Shimshak Serena , Sokumbi Olayemi , Guo Ruifeng , Davis Dawn Marie R. , Geiersbach Katherine B. , Comfere Nneka I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old female was referred from an outside institution after a diagnostic biopsy and subsequent excision of a progressively enlarging reddish‐brown nodule demonstrated features concerning for a balloon cell nevus with severe atypia versus a high‐grade melanocytoma. Upon review of the initial biopsy specimen and molecular data, we favored the diagnosis to be consistent with a high‐grade melanocytoma with balloon cell changes while considering the possibility of balloon cell melanoma due to concerning histopathologic and genetic abnormalities. In this case study, we discuss critical diagnostic considerations in this rare pediatric case and highlight important pathologic and clinical features of melanocytomas and balloon cell melanoma.
Simple and rapid flow cytometry assay for the detection of malignant epithelial cells in body fluids
Authors: Ramalingam Thulasi Raman , Mani Sandeep , Narla Swetha , Lakshmanan Archana , Muthu Anurekha , Nk Harsha Rasheed , Mohanraj Selvaraj , Ramachandran Ellapan Dharma , Subramanyam Annapurneswari , Vaidhyanathan Lakshman 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionMorphology is routinely used for detecting malignant cells in body fluids, but it has limitations. Recently, flow cytometry (FCM) is used as an effective tool for studying non‐haematological malignancies. The main objective of this study is to standardize a simple and rapid FCM test for the detection of malignant epithelial cells in body fluids.Materials and MethodsBody fluids that had been processed for cytology/cytology and FCM were enrolled in this prospective study. We developed a fluorescent‐labelled, monoclonal antibody panel composed of cell surface markers for this FCM assay. We compared the results of cytology/cell block and FCM.ResultsA total of 121 fluid samples were studied. Comparing the diagnostic performance of cytology/cell block and FCM, 52 (43%) cases were positive and 60 (49.5%) cases were negative for carcinoma cells by both techniques. Nine cases showed discordant results between the two techniques. Six cases were cytology+ but FCM‐ and three cases were FCM+ cytology‐. Clustered Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM)‐positive events with high scatter properties were definitive for positive diagnosis by FCM. We studied PD‐L1 expression in 13 cases by FCM. Six cases were reported as false negative by this FCM assay due to hypocellularity and lack of EpCAM expression in malignant cells.ConclusionsThis FCM assay is simple, easier and cost‐effective yielding sensitive results with no inter‐observer variability. FCM would become a valuable tool to complement routine diagnostic cytology and reduces misdiagnosis.
A positive yet complicated case of gender‐based violence coordination: a qualitative study of Lebanon's protracted humanitarian emergency, 2012–22
Authors: Raftery Philomena , Usta Jinan , Hossain Mazeda , Palmer Jennifer 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGender‐based violence (GBV), a global health and human rights concern, often intensifies during emergencies. This paper explores the evolution of GBV coordination in Lebanon's protracted Syrian refugee crisis from 2012–22. Utilising 38 in‐depth interviews and a document review, the findings were analysed using the framework for effective GBV coordination. Lebanon provides a positive yet complicated example of GBV coordination. Initially established to address the refugee crisis, it matured into a collaborative national coordination mechanism, fostering trust and advancing localisation amidst sectarian complexities. However, the volatile, restrictive policy context hindered government co‐leadership and engagement with refugee‐led organisations. While essential GBV response services were expanded nationwide, lack of an interagency strategy on GBV risk mitigation and prevention compromised lasting change. The paper emphasises the importance of dedicated GBV coordinators, multi‐year funding, and increased attention to GBV prevention. The findings underscore the transformative potential of humanitarian responses and advocate for enhanced engagement with national stakeholders to promote sustainability in protracted crises.
Excess prevalence of preexisting chronic conditions in older adults with incident epilepsy
Authors: Koroukian Siran M. , Fein Hannah L. , Vu Long , Bensken Wyatt P. , Schiltz Nicholas K. , Sajatovic Martha , Ghearing Gena R. , Warner David F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivePrior studies have examined chronic conditions in older adults with prevalent epilepsy, but rarely among those with incident epilepsy. Identifying the chronic conditions with which older adults present at epilepsy incidence assists with the evaluation of disease burden in this patient population and informs coordinated care development. The aim of this study was to identify preexisting chronic conditions with excess prevalence in older adults with incident epilepsy compared to those without.MethodsUsing a random sample of 4 999 999 fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries aged >65 years, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of epilepsy incidence in 2019. Non‐Hispanic Black and Hispanic beneficiaries were oversampled. We identified preexisting chronic conditions from the 2016–2018 Medicare Beneficiary Summary Files and compared chronic condition prevalence between Medicare beneficiaries with and without incident epilepsy in 2019. We characterized variations in preexisting excess chronic condition prevalence by age, sex, and race/ethnicity, adjusting for the racial/ethnic oversampling.ResultsWe observed excess prevalence of most preexisting chronic conditions in beneficiaries with incident epilepsy (n = 20 545, weighted n = 19 631). For stroke, for example, the adjusted prevalence rate ratio (APRR) was 4.82 (99% CI:4.60, 5.04), meaning that, compared to those without epilepsy, beneficiaries with incident epilepsy in 2019 had 4.82 times the stroke prevalence. Similarly, beneficiaries with incident epilepsy had a higher prevalence rate for preexisting neurological conditions (APRR = 3.17, 99% CI = 3.08–3.27), substance use disorders (APRR = 3.00, 99% CI = 2.81–3.19), and psychiatric disorders (APRR = 1.98, 99% CI = 1.94–2.01). For most documented chronic conditions, excess prevalence among beneficiaries with incident epilepsy in 2019 was larger for younger age groups compared to older age groups, and for Hispanic beneficiaries compared to both non‐Hispanic White and non‐Hispanic Black beneficiaries.SignificanceCompared to epilepsy‐free Medicare beneficiaries, those with incident epilepsy in 2019 had a higher prevalence of most preexisting chronic conditions. Our findings highlight the importance of health promotion and prevention, multidisciplinary care, and elucidating shared pathophysiology to identify opportunities for prevention.
Review on machine learning techniques for the assessment of the fatigue response of additively manufactured metal parts
Authors: Centola Alessio , Tridello Andrea , Ciampaglia Alberto , Berto Filippo , Paolino Davide Salvatore 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present review paper addresses the increasing interest in the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms in the assessment of the fatigue response of additively manufactured (AM) metal alloys. This review aims to systematically collect, categorize, and analyze relevant research papers in this domain. The most commonly used ML algorithms are presented, discussing their specific relevance to the fatigue modeling of AM metal alloys. A detailed analysis of the most relevant input features used in the literature to predict the main parameters related to the fatigue response is provided. Each work has been analyzed to highlight its strengths and peculiarities, thereby offering insights into novel methodologies and approaches for addressing critical challenges within this field. Particular attention is dedicated to the role of defects and the related size‐effect, as they strongly influence the fatigue response. In conclusion, this review not only synthesizes existing knowledge but also offers forward‐looking recommendations for future research directions, providing a valuable resource for researchers in the domain of ML‐assisted fatigue assessment for AM metal alloys.
The impact of aragonite saturation variability on shelled pteropods: An attribution study in the California Current System
Authors: Hofmann Elizondo Urs , Vogt Meike , Bednaršek Nina , Münnich Matthias , Gruber Nicolas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObservations from the California Current System (CalCS) indicate that the long‐term trend in ocean acidification (OA) and the naturally occurring corrosive conditions for the CaCO3 mineral aragonite (saturation state Ω < 1) have a damaging effect on shelled pteropods, a keystone group of calcifying organisms in the CalCS. Concern is heightened by recent findings suggesting that shell formation and developmental progress are already impacted when Ω falls below 1.5. Here, we quantify the impact of low Ω conditions on pteropods using an individual‐based model (IBM) with life‐stage‐specific mortality, growth, and behavior in a high‐resolution regional hindcast simulation of the CalCS between 1984 and 2019. Special attention is paid to attributing this impact to different processes that lead to such low Ω conditions, namely natural variability, long‐term trend, and extreme events. We find that much of the observed damage in the CalCS, and specifically >70% of the shell CaCO3 loss, is due to the pteropods' exposure to naturally occurring low Ω conditions as a result of their diel vertical migration (DVM). Over the hindcast period, their exposure to damaging waters (Ω < 1.5) increases from 9% to 49%, doubling their shell CaCO3 loss, and increasing their mortality by ~40%. Most of this increased exposure is due to the shoaling of low Ω waters driven by the long‐term trend in OA. Extreme OA events amplify this increase by ~40%. Our approach can quantify the health of pteropod populations under shifting environmental conditions, and attribute changes in fitness or population structure to changes in the stressor landscape across hierarchical time scales.
(UN)EINIG? GENERATIONEN VON SCHRIFTSTELLERINNEN IM DIALOG ÜBER DIE EMANZIPATION VON FRAUEN: HELMINA VON CHÉZY, AMALIA SCHOPPE UND AMALIE STRUVE*
Authors: Kita‐Huber Jadwiga 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn addition to her literary activities, the writer Helmina von Chézy (1783–1856) was committed to the emancipation of women throughout her life. She took a public stand on women's literary activity, participated in anthology and journal projects and wrote portraits of women in various genres. Among her correspondents was Amalie Struve (1824–62), a writer of the 1848/49 revolution who was two generations younger and who came into contact with the women's rights movement in America during her exile. The article explores the extent to which Chézy's Nachlass in the Varnhagen Collection provides new insights into the emancipation of women before and immediately after the revolution. Chézy's previously unpublished portrait of Amalia Schoppe (1783–1858), who also belonged to her network, is examined more closely. To what extent can conclusions be drawn from these texts about the state of the public debate on women writers in Germany? What is innovative about their contribution? The second part deals with Amalie Struve's letters to Chézy from the time of her move to the USA. To what extent do they shed new light on Chézy as a writer of radical change as well as on Struve's emancipatory commitment? To what extent does a generational transition become clear here?
Cluster heterogeneity and efficiency of innovation network—Evidence from Shanghai and Taizhou in China
Authors: Yan Guodong , Zou Lin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere are debates about cluster heterogeneity, network structures, and innovations. The difference in the degree to which firms joined in the internal and external networks of heterogeneous clusters can affect innovation performance. There is still a lack of empirical evidence on how networks or spatial factors can differentially affect innovation efficiency due to cluster heterogeneity. China has endogenous clusters formed by small and medium‐sized firms and numerous clusters mainly based on government planning instrument, such as industrial zones and high‐tech parks. There are controversies over these planned cluster, such as insufficient firm connections and weak innovation effectiveness.Cluster innovation is a complex socio‐economic process that combines endogenous context, exogenous factors and interacts with multi‐spatial relationships. This perspective may explain the differences in which heterogeneous clusters improve efficiency. This paper draws on first‐hand data obtained from 188 questionnaires. The Lingang Equipment Manufacturing Cluster in Shanghai and the Taizhou Machine Tool Manufacturing Cluster in Zhejiang serve as examples of heterogeneous clusters. We combine the cluster's endogenous and exogenous characteristics, network size and strength of network ties, and local and non‐local innovation spaces to discuss the impact on innovation efficiency. Expecting to provide a reference for improving the innovation efficiency of heterogeneous clusters in developing economies. The results suggest that regardless of local or non‐local scales, exogenous clusters have a more pronounced effect of local network size and non‐local tie strength on innovation performance based on demand for proximity to customers and suppliers.
Minoritized mother politicians in Ireland: Subjectivities and subjectivation in the political workplace
Authors: Cullen Pauline 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMinoritized mother politicians that include ethnic racialized minority Traveller (an Irish indigenous community), racialized ethnic minority women, and migrant women face considerable disadvantages as workers arising from the intersection of their maternal status, gender, racialized or migrant and class position. The experiences of minoritized mother candidates and politicians in Ireland are viewed through the lens of subjectivities providing insight into how these mother‐workers mediate identities and status positions that place them outside of, or in tension with, a predominantly white masculinist workplace. Empirical data analysis reveals how minoritized mother candidates and politicians respond in strategic ways to forces of subjectivation that may risk affirming idealized motherhood, while obscuring gendered and racialized inequalities in the political workplace. Paradoxically, motherhood seeds political ambition while acting as a material, temporal, and affective constraint, a source of invisible labor and violence in gendered and racialized ways. However, minoritized mothers' presence and representations also offer an important challenge to this white masculinist workplace.
The instrumental academic: Collegiality and the value of academic citizenship in contemporary higher education
Authors: Smith Susan , Walker David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCollegiality and the contribution to the sustenance of the academy through academic citizenship are central to commonly held conceptions of what it is to be a university. This study investigates the articulation and recognition of academic citizenship through institutional promotion criteria, including both traditional research and teaching‐focussed career pathways. The study adopts a qualitative research approach and examines promotion criteria from a sample of 55 mid‐sized universities in the UK. Findings point to a progressive shift in formal recognition of service activities associated with citizenship as part of the core academic workload. Institutional service is pervasive across all academic roles and levels, student service is largely invisible, and activities associated with public service are most notably acknowledged in traditional academic roles at the professorial level. The evolving nature of expectations of citizenship necessitates a more nuanced consideration of the core dimensions of an academic role and citizenship activities to ensure equity and inclusivity in career progression.
Brazilian undergraduates' and dentists' knowledge on preventing, diagnosing and managing dentin hypersensitivity: A cross‐sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Mosquim Victor , Zabeu Giovanna Speranza , Jacomine Juliana Carvalho , Santin Daniella Cristo , Honório Heitor Marques , Wang Linda 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse the knowledge of dental undergraduates and dentists on the prevention, diagnosis and management of dentin hypersensitivity (DH); to compare their knowledge scores; and to understand the related variables using a regression model.MethodsAn original online questionnaire investigated the attitudes, self‐reported knowledge (‘how much they thought they knew’) and real knowledge (‘how much they really knew’) of 132 students and 338 dentists. Data were analysed descriptively, both knowledge scores were compared using Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests and data were subjected to two multiple linear regression analyses considering real knowledge scores as the dependent variable (α < 0.05).ResultsThe self‐reported knowledge on DH was higher than the real knowledge for both students and dentists, but dentists presented the highest scores. Gingival recession and acidic diet were reported as the main predisposing factors for DH by undergraduates and dentists. Students normally managed DH with dietary and hygiene instructions followed by a desensitizing agent application, while dentists managed with occlusal adjustments. The mechanism of glutaraldehyde/HEMA and bioactive fillers on DH is widely unknown by students and dentists. The majority of the questioned individuals cannot differentiate DH from sensitivity of caries or molar‐incisor hypomineralization.ConclusionBoth students and dentists overestimate their knowledge of DH, revealing deficiencies in prevention, diagnosis and management. Students' knowledge improves towards the end of the Dentistry course, while younger dentists and PhD holders are more knowledgeable. Institutions should implement ongoing DH education for undergraduates and conduct interventions for experienced professionals, especially older ones.