bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Expression of Mineralocorticoid Receptor and 11β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 in Human Atria During Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: De‐An Pei , Li Li , Zhi‐Yun Xu , Jin‐Yu Huang , Zheng‐Ming Xu , Min Wang , Qiang Yao , Shi‐eng Huang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundAtrialfibrillation (AF) is associated with the activation of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system in the atria. It is not clear whether the expression of a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), or 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11βHSD2), conferring aldosterone specificity to the MR, in patients with AF is altered.HypothesisPatients with AF may be associated with increased expression of MR and 11βHSD2 in the atria.MethodsAtrial tissue samples of 25 patients with rheumatic heart valve disease undergoing a valve replacement operation were examined. A total of 13 patients had chronic persistent AF (>6 mo) and 12 patients had no history of AF. The MR and 11βHSD2 expression were analyzed at the mRNA and protein level. The localization of MR and 11βHSD2 in atrial tissue was performed using specific immunohistochemistry staining.ResultsThe results of real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that AF groups, in comparison with sinus rhythm, had a higher mRNA expression level of MR or 11βHSD2 (all P < 0.01). Both the MR and 11βHSD2 protein expression level in atrial tissue were also significantly increased in patients with AF compared with patients with sinus rhythm (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The immunohistochemical staining of MR or 11βHSD2 demonstrated that MR and 11βHSD2 predominately located in the cytoplasm of myocardial cells in the atrium and the intensity and density of immunostaining appeared to be increased in the atria of patients with AF compared to those without AF.ConclusionsIncreasing expression of MR and 11βHSD2 in the atria during AF is one of the molecular mechanisms for development of atrial interstitial fibrosis in patients with AF. These findings may have an important impact on the treatment of AF with aldosterone antagonists. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Presentation of Tako‐tsubo Cardiomyopathy in Men and Women
Authors: Kurisu Satoshi , Inoue Ichiro , Kawagoe Takuji , Ishihara Masaharu , Shimatani Yuji , Nakama Yasuharu , Kagawa Eisuke , Dai Kazuoki , Ikenaga Hiroki 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have demonstrated that stress‐induced Tako‐tsubo cardiomyopathy is likely to occur in elderly female patients.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate gender differences in the clinical characteristics of patients with Tako‐tsubo cardiomyopathy.MethodsThis study consisted of 102 patients with Tako‐tsubo cardiomyopathy. It was characterized by akinesia/hypokinesia of the mid‐to‐distal portion of the left ventricular chamber, with normokinesia/hyperkinesia of the basal portion with an ejection fraction of less than 50% on transthoracic echocardiography.ResultsThere were 13 male and 89 female patients. In 10 male patients (77%), Tako‐tsubo cardiomyopathy occurred during or immediately after receiving medical treatment or examination for an underlying disease. In 9 male patients (69%), objective symptoms such as abnormality of monitoring or low blood pressure, but not subjective symptoms increased the chance of the patient being diagnosed with Tako‐tsubo cardiomyopathy. There was no significant difference in age, body weight, hypertension, or diabetes except for height between male and female patients. The incidence of in‐hospital onset was significantly higher in male patients than in female patients (77% vs 17%, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in in‐hospital mortality (15% vs 6%, P = not significant).ConclusionsThese results suggested that physical stress might have more to do with the occurrence of Tako‐tsubo in male than female patients. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Receipt of Cardiac Medications Upon Discharge Among Men and Women With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ramanath Vijay S. , Armstrong David F. , Grzybowski Mary , Rahnama‐Mohagdam Sahand , Tamhane Umesh U. , Gordon Kelly , Froehlich James B. , Eagle Kim A. , Jackson Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundManagement of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with nonobstructive epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD) remains poorly understood.HypothesisAcute coronary syndrome patients with nonobstructive CAD are less likely to receive effective cardiac medications upon discharge from the hospital.MethodsWe identified patients hospitalized with ACS that underwent coronary angiography and had a 6‐month follow‐up. Patients were grouped by CAD severity: nonobstructive CAD (<50% blockage in all vessels) or obstructive CAD (≥50% blockage in ≥ 1 vessels). Data were collected on demographics, medications at discharge, and adverse outcomes at 6 months, for all patients.ResultsOf the 2264 ACS patients included in the study: 123 patients had nonobstructive CAD and 2141 had obstructive CAD. Cardiac risk factors including hypertension and diabetes were common among patients with nonobstructive CAD. Men and women with nonobstructive CAD were less likely to receive cardiac medications compared to patients with obstructive CAD including aspirin (87.8% vs 95.0%, P = 0.001), β‐blockers (74.0% vs 89.2%, P < 0.001), or statins (69.1% vs 81.2%, P = 0.001). No gender‐related differences in discharge medications were observed for patients with nonobstructive CAD. However, women with nonobstructive CAD had similar rates of cardiac‐related rehospitalization as men with obstructive CAD (23.3% and 25.9%, respectively).ConclusionsPatients with nonobstructive CAD are less likely to receive evidence‐based medications compared to patients with obstructive CAD, despite the presence of CAD risk factors and occurrence of an ACS event. Further research is warranted to determine if receipt of effective cardiac medications among patients with nonobstructive CAD would reduce cardiac‐related events. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heart Rate Recovery and Oxygen Kinetics After Exercise in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Nanas Serafim , Sakellariou Dimitrios , Kapsimalakou Smaragda , Dimopoulos Stavros , Tassiou Antonia , Tasoulis Athanasios , Anastasiou‐Nana Maria , Vagiakis Emmanouil , Roussos Charalampos 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundPatients who suffer from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have a decreased exercise capacity and abnormal autonomic nervous function. However, the kinetics of early oxygen (O2) and heart rate recovery (HRR) have not been described.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated 21 men with moderate to severe OSA (mean age: 48 ± 11 yrs, mean apnea‐hypopnea index [AHI]: 55 ± 13) and without known heart disease and 10 healthy men matched for age and body mass index (BMI; controls). Men with OSA underwent overnight polysomnography, and both groups underwent symptom‐limited incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). We recorded the CPET parameters including peak O2 uptake (VO2p), kinetics of early O2 recovery by the first degree slope of VO2 during the first minute (VO2/t slope), the time required for a 50% decline of VO2p during recovery (T1/2), and early heart rate recovery (HRR = HR at maximal exercise − HR at 1 min of recovery), as well as the chronotropic reserve to exercise ([CR] = [peak HR − resting HR/220 − age − resting HR] × 100). Patients with OSA had a lower VO2p (28.7 ± 4.0 vs 34.7 ± 6.2 mL/kg/min), VO2/t slope (1.04 ± 0.3 vs 1.4 ± 0.17 mL/kg/min2), and T1/2 (74 ± 10 vs 56 ± 6 sec) compared to controls (all P < 0.001). In addition, both HRR and CR were lower in the OSA group (22.0 ± 7.0 vs 31.0 ± 6.0 bpm, P:0.003, and 79.0% ± 15% vs 99.0% ± 13.0%, P:0.01, respectively).ConclusionsPatients with OSA demonstrate reduced exercise capacity, delayed oxygen kinetics, and reduced HRR. These data point to abnormal oxygen delivery and/or oxidative function of the peripheral muscles and impaired autonomic nervous activity in OSA patients. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
When to Refer Patients for Catheter‐based Coronary Angiography (CBCA)
Authors: Richard Conti C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn 2009, much was written about computed tomography (CT) angiography of the coronary circulation and little about catheter‐based coronary angiography, despite its continued use since 1958 in patients with all types of cardiac disease or potential disease. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Considering contact conditions between discontinuity surfaces in extended finite element method (XFEM)
Authors: Yu T. T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a method of satisfying contact conditions between discontinuity surfaces in the extended finite element method. Surveys have showed that contact in the discontinuity surfaces should not be neglected in numerical simulations of cracks under alternate loadings. The contact conditions between discontinuity surfaces are expressed as linear complementary form with penalty factors, thus the nonlinear contact in the discontinuity surface is resolved with one linear complementary problem; in this case, the iterative procedure can be avoided. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and potentials of this technique. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active and passive behaviors of soft tissues: Pelvic floor muscles
Authors: Pato M. P. M. , Areias P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA new active‐contraction visco‐elastic numerical model of the pelvic floor (skeletal) muscle is presented. Our model includes all elements that represent the muscle constitutive behavior, contraction and relaxation. In contrast with the previous models, the activation function can be null. The complete equations are shown and exactly linearized. Small verification and validation tests are performed and the pelvis is modeled using the data from the intra‐abdominal pressure tests. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factorized parallel preconditioner for the saddle point problem
Authors: Lazarov B. S. , Sigmund O. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to apply the factorized sparse approximate inverse (FSAI) preconditioner to the iterative solution of linear systems with indefinite symmetric matrices. Until now the FSAI technique has been applied mainly to positive definite systems and with a limited success for the indefinite case. Here, it is demonstrated that the sparsity pattern for the preconditioner can be chosen in such a way that it guarantees the existence of the factorization. The proposed scheme shows excellent parallel scalability, performance and robustness. It is applicable with short recurrence iterative methods such as MinRes and SymmLQ. The properties are demonstrated on linear systems arising from mixed finite element discretizations in linear elasticity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytomorphological criteria, subclassifications of endocervical glandular cell abnormalities, and histopathological outcome: A frequency study
Authors: Nora Letisa Comparin Dalla , Ázara Cinara Zago Silveira , de Sousa Pace Evelinne Leonel , Martins Cássio Melo , Zeferino Luiz Carlos , do Amaral Westin Maria Cristina , Derchain Sophie Françoise , Rabelo‐Santos Silvia Helena 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and the significance of cytomorphological criteria defined in studies as being predictive of neoplasia in cervical smears of women with a cytological diagnosis of atypical glandular cells (AGC) or adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). Women (n = 103) with cytological findings suggestive of AGC or AIS, whose diagnoses were later established by histopathology, were included in the study. The criteria analyzed and classified as present or absent in cervical smears previously classified as AGC‐NOS (not otherwise specified), AGC‐FN (favor neoplasia), or AIS were as follows: irregular nuclear membranes; scanty cytoplasm; dyskeratotic cells; increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio; nucleoli; overlapping; papillary clusters, feathering; loss of polarity; nuclear enlargement; coarsely granular chromatin; and pseudostratified strips. Histopathology resulted in neoplastic diagnoses in 55 cases (53.3%) and nonneoplastic diagnoses in 48 cases (46.6%). Coarsely granular chromatin was observed in 62.5% of cases with a diagnosis of neoplasia. Feathering was present in 80% of cases of histopathological AIS. Loss of polarity and coarsely granular chromatin were significantly associated with neoplastic diagnosis considering all subcategories of glandular abnormalities diagnosis. In AGC‐SOE subclassification, coarsely granular chromatin was significantly associated with neoplastic diagnosis. The presence of nucleoli was significantly associated with neoplastic diagnosis in cervical smears qualified as AGC‐FN and AIS. Nuclear enlargement, increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, coarsely granular chromatin and overlapping cells were found in all the subclassifications of glandular cell abnormalities irrespective of the histopathological results. Chromatin aspects, polarity, and presence of nucleoli can predict neoplasia. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:806‐810. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of neuroligin genes in the nervous system of zebrafish
Authors: Davey Crystal , Tallafuss Alexandra , Washbourne Philip 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe establishment and maturation of appropriate synaptic connections is crucial in the development of neuronal circuits. Cellular adhesion is believed to play a central role in this process. Neuroligins are neuronal cell adhesion molecules that are hypothesized to act in the initial formation and maturation of synaptic connections. In order to establish the zebrafish as a model to investigate the in vivo role of Neuroligin proteins in nervous system development, we identified the zebrafish orthologs of neuroligin family members and characterized their expression. Zebrafish possess seven neuroligin genes. Synteny analysis and sequence comparisons show that NLGN2, NLGN3, and NLGN4X are duplicated in zebrafish, but NLGN1 has a single zebrafish ortholog. All seven zebrafish neuroligins are expressed in complex patterns in the developing nervous system and in the adult brain. The spatial and temporal expression patterns of these genes suggest that they occupy a role in nervous system development and maintenance. Developmental Dynamics 239:703–714, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of genomic structures and expression profiles of three tandem repeats of a mouse double homeobox gene: Duxbl
Authors: Wu Shey‐Lin , Tsai Ming‐Shiun , Wong Swee‐Hee , Hsieh‐Li Hsiu‐Mei , Tsai Tz‐Shiu , Chang Wei‐Tang , Huang Shin‐Ling , Chiu Chun‐Ching , Wang Sue‐Hong 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe identified and cloned a mouse double homeobox gene (Duxbl), which encodes two homeodomains. Duxbl gene, a tandem triplicate produces two major transcripts, Duxbl and Duxbl‐s. The amino acid sequences of Duxbl homeodomains are most similar to those of human DUX4 protein, associated with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. In adult tissues, Duxbl is predominantly expressed in female reproductive organs and eyes, and slightly expressed in brain and testes. During gonad development, Duxbl is expressed from embryonic to adult stages and specifically expressed in oocytes and spermatogonia. During embryonic development, Duxbl is transcribed in limbs and tail. However, Duxbl proteins were only detected in trunk and limb muscles and in elongated myocytes and myotubes. In C2C12 muscle cell line, Duxbl expression pattern is similar to differentiated marker gene, Myogenin, increased in expression from 2 days onward in differentiating medium. We suggest that Duxbl proteins play regulatory roles during myogenesis and reproductive developments. Developmental Dynamics 239:927–940, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluating the real‐world effectiveness of cognitive‐behavior therapy efficacy research on eating disorders: A case study from a community‐based clinical setting
Authors: Lowe Michael R. , Bunnell Douglas W. , Neeren Amy M. , Chernyak Yelena , Greberman Laurel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective:There is a growing consensus that there is a need to test the real‐world effectiveness of eating disorder therapies that show promise in efficacy research. This article provides a narrative account of an NIMH‐funded study that attempted to apply efficacy findings from CBT research to an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) at the largest community‐based eating disorder program in the United States.Method:We describe the study as originally envisioned as well as the various challenges that the researchers and the IOP staff encountered in implementing this study.Results:The different training, assumptions, and “ways of knowing” of the research team and the treatment staff in regard to the nature of eating disorders and their treatment created multiple challenges for both groups during the study period. We describe valuable lessons learned about how to—and how not to—implement effectiveness designs in clinical settings that are relatively unfamiliar with empirically‐based research findings.Discussion:It is hoped that our experience in attempting to apply efficacy‐based research findings on eating disorders treatment in a community‐based clinical setting will prove helpful to other researchers and service providers engaging in such translational research. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:9–18)
Neutral and Cationic Hydridoruthenium Tetrakiscarbene Complexes
Authors: Wolf Robert , Plois Markus , Hepp Alexander 
Published: January 2010

AbstractStarting from the novel chlorido precursor trans‐[RuCl2(IMe)4] (1, IMe = 1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene), hydridoruthenium complexes trans‐[RuH2(IMe)4] (2) and [RuH(IMe)4][BEt4] (3BEt4) have been synthesized. Complex 2 was isolated from the reaction of 1 with LiAlH4, while ionic compound 3 was obtained when LiBHEt3 was used as the hydride source. Complexes 1–3 have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography, multinuclear NMR, IR, UV/Vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Neutral dihydride 2 displays a tetragonal bipyramidal geometry with four carbene groups coordinated to ruthenium in equatorial positions and two apical hydrogen atoms. DFT calculations suggest that the trans structure observed for 2 is preferred over a cis arrangement for steric reasons. The ruthenium atom of 3 has a tetragonal pyramidal coordination environment with a vacant coordination site sterically protected by the Me substituents of the ligands. Thus, compound 3 should be an attractive target for future coordination studies.
Groupwise registration based on hierarchical image clustering and atlas synthesis
Authors: Wang Qian , Chen Liya , Yap Pew‐Thian , Wu Guorong , Shen Dinggang 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGroupwise registration has recently been proposed for simultaneous and consistent registration of all images in a group. Since many deformation parameters need to be optimized for each image under registration, the number of images that can be effectively handled by conventional groupwise registration methods is limited. Moreover, the robustness of registration is at stake due to significant intersubject variability. To overcome these problems, we present a groupwise registration framework, which is based on a hierarchical image clustering and atlas synthesis strategy. The basic idea is to decompose a large‐scale groupwise registration problem into a series of small‐scale problems, each of which is relatively easy to solve using a general computer. In particular, we employ a method called affinity propagation, which is designed for fast and robust clustering, to hierarchically cluster images into a pyramid of classes. Intraclass registration is then performed to register all images within individual classes, resulting in a representative center image for each class. These center images of different classes are further registered, from the bottom to the top in the pyramid. Once the registration reaches the summit of the pyramid, a single center image, or an atlas, is synthesized. Utilizing this strategy, we can efficiently and effectively register a large image group, construct their atlas, and, at the same time, establish shape correspondences between each image and the atlas. We have evaluated our framework using real and simulated data, and the results indicate that our framework achieves better robustness and registration accuracy compared to conventional methods. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biasing the organism for novelty: A pervasive property of the attention system
Authors: Chen Qi , Fuentes Luis J. , Zhou Xiaolin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAlthough the functional and anatomical independences between the orienting and the executive attention networks have been well established, surprisingly little is known about the potential neural interaction between them. Recent studies point out that spatial inhibition of return (IOR), a mechanism associated with the orienting network, and nonspatial inhibition of return, a mechanism associated with the executive network, might bias the organism for novel locations and objects, respectively. By orthogonally combining the spatial and the nonspatial IOR paradigms in this fMRI study, we demonstrate that the orienting and the executive networks interact and compensate each other in biasing the attention system for novelty. Behaviorally, participants responded slower to the target at the old location only when the color of the target was novel, and participants responded slower to the old color representation only when the target appeared at a novel spatial location. Neurally, the orienting network was involved in slowing down responses to the old location only when the nonspatial IOR mechanism in the executive network was not operative (i.e., when the color of the target was novel); the prefrontal executive network was involved in slowing down responses to the old color representation only when the spatial IOR mechanism in the orienting network was not functioning (i.e., when the target appeared at a novel location). Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.