bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Results of an Individualized, Multifaceted, and Multidisciplinary Therapeutic Approach to Provoked Vestibulodynia
Authors: Spoelstra Symen K. , Dijkstra Jeroen R. , van Driel Mels F. , Weijmar Schultz Willibrord C.M. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although it is highly recommended to use a multifaceted approach to treat provoked vestibulodynia (PVD), the large majority of treatment studies on PVD used a one-dimensional approach.

Aim
To evaluate the long-term treatment outcome of a multifaceted approach to vulvar pain, sexual functioning, sexually related personal distress, and relational sexual satisfaction in women with PVD.

Methods
Retrospective questionnaire survey 3–7 years after treatment.

Main Outcome Measures
Sexual functioning, sexually related personal distress, and relational sexual satisfaction were measured using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS), and the Dutch Relationship Questionnaire (NRV), respectively. An additional questionnaire assessed socio-demographic variables, intercourse resumption, and the level to which the women would recommend the treatment to other women with PVD. Post-treatment vulvar pain scores were obtained using a visual analog scale (VAS). Pretreatment scores were reported in retrospect on a separate VAS.

Results
The questionnaires were completed by 64 out of 70 women (91%). Mean follow-up was 5 years (range 3–7). Comparison of the mean pretreatment and post-treatment VAS scores showed a significant reduction in vulvar pain. Pain reduction was reported by 52 women (81%), whereas no change and pain increase were reported by 7 women (11%) and 5 women (8%), respectively. Post-treatment, 80% of the women had resumed intercourse. Only 5 women (8%) reported completely pain-free intercourse. Comparisons with age-related FSFI and FSDS Dutch norm data showed that scores for sexual functioning in the study group were significantly lower, while scores for sexually related personal distress were significantly higher. There were no significant differences in relational sexual satisfaction ratings between the study group and the NRV Dutch norm data.

Conclusion
These retrospective data on long-term treatment outcome support the hypothesis that a multifaceted approach to PVD can lead to substantial improvements in vulvar pain and the resumption of intercourse.
Puberty Suppression in Adolescents With Gender Identity Disorder: A Prospective Follow-Up Study
Authors: de Vries Annelou L.C. , Steensma Thomas D. , Doreleijers Theo A.H. , Cohen-Kettenis Peggy T. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Puberty suppression by means of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) is used for young transsexuals between 12 and 16 years of age. The purpose of this intervention is to relieve the suffering caused by the development of secondary sex characteristics and to provide time to make a balanced decision regarding actual gender reassignment.

Aim
To compare psychological functioning and gender dysphoria before and after puberty suppression in gender dysphoric adolescents.

Methods
Of the first 70 eligible candidates who received puberty suppression between 2000 and 2008, psychological functioning and gender dysphoria were assessed twice: at T0, when attending the gender identity clinic, before the start of GnRHa; and at T1, shortly before the start of cross-sex hormone treatment.

Main Outcome Measures
Behavioral and emotional problems (Child Behavior Checklist and the Youth-Self Report), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory), anxiety and anger (the Spielberger Trait Anxiety and Anger Scales), general functioning (the clinician's rated Children's Global Assessment Scale), gender dysphoria (the Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale), and body satisfaction (the Body Image Scale) were assessed.

Results
Behavioral and emotional problems and depressive symptoms decreased, while general functioning improved significantly during puberty suppression. Feelings of anxiety and anger did not change between T0 and T1. While changes over time were equal for both sexes, compared with natal males, natal females were older when they started puberty suppression and showed more problem behavior at both T0 and T1. Gender dysphoria and body satisfaction did not change between T0 and T1. No adolescent withdrew from puberty suppression, and all started cross-sex hormone treatment, the first step of actual gender reassignment.

Conclusion
Puberty suppression may be considered a valuable contribution in the clinical management of gender dysphoria in adolescents.
Insights into the Bamboo Genome: Syntenic Relationships to Rice and Sorghum
Authors: Gui Yi‐Jie , Zhou Yan , Wang Yu , Wang Sheng , Wang Sheng‐Yue , Hu Yan , Bo Shi‐Ping , Chen Huan , Zhou Chang‐Ping , Ma Nai‐Xun , Zhang Tian‐Zhen , Fan Long‐Jiang 
Published: July 2010

Abstract Bamboo occupies an important phylogenetic node in the grass family and plays a significant role in the forest industry. We produced 1.2 Mb of tetraploid moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens E. Mazel ex H. de Leh.) sequences from 13 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones, and these are the largest genomic sequences available so far from the subfamily Bambusoideae. The content of repetitive elements (36.2%) in bamboo is similar to that in rice. Both rice and sorghum exhibit high genomic synteny with bamboo, which suggests that rice and sorghum may be useful as models for decoding Bambusoideae genomes.
Association of Overweight With Academic Performance and Social and Behavioral Problems: An Update From the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study
Authors: Judge Sharon , Jahns Lisa 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTBackground:  Childhood overweight is a condition that is prevalent within our society, affecting more and more children each year. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between child overweight and educational outcomes.Methods:  Data are reported for 13,680 children in third grade from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, a set of data designed and carried out by the US Department of Education. Students were individually administered reading and math assessments. Teachers reported how often students exhibited certain social skills and behaviors. A series of 1‐way analyses of covariance and multivariate analysis of covariance was used.Results:  Overweight children had significantly lower math and reading test scores compared with nonoverweight children in third grade. However, these differences became insignificant after including socioeconomic and maternal education variables. Third grade overweight girls had significantly more externalizing and internalizing problems as well as lower self‐control scores than nonoverweight girls even after including socioeconomic and maternal education variables.Conclusions:  Findings suggest that how we deal with children’s overweight may have implications for the future psychological health of a considerable proportion of US children.
The renin–angiotensin system and the gastrointestinal mucosa
Authors: Fändriks L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe gastrointestinal (GI) tract is fundamental for the intake of fluid and electrolytes and accommodates a large proportion of bodily hemodynamics and host defence systems. Despite that the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is a prominent regulatory system for fluid and electrolyte homeostasis its impact on GI physiology is only little explored. Recent data indicate that RAS is well expressed and active in the GI tract although exact physiological roles are to be settled. There are several reports showing influences by RAS and its key mediator angiotensin II (AngII) on intestinal epithelial fluid and electrolyte transport and data are accumulating, suggesting involvement in GI mucosal inflammation and carcinogenesis. Of particular interest is the increasing amount of experimental support for the involvement of AngII formation and actions via the AngII subtype 1 (AT1) receptor in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The picture of RAS in the GI tract is, however, far from complete. Because RAS is an important application area for reno‐cardiovascular diseases, a number of pharmacological agents as well as research technologies already exist and can in the future be used for GI research. A marked expansion of knowledge concerning the role of RAS in GI physiology and pathophysiology is to be expected.
Role of Cytotoxic Protease Granzyme‐b in Neuronal Degeneration During Human Stroke
Authors: Chaitanya Ganta Vijay , Eeka Prabhakar , Munker Reinhold , Alexander Jonathan Steven , Babu Phanithi Prakash 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInfiltration of leukocytes into post‐ischemic cerebrum is a well‐described phenomenon in stroke injury. Because CD‐8+ T‐lymphocytes secrete cytotoxic proteases, including granzyme‐b (Gra‐b) that exacerbates post‐ischemic brain damage, we investigated roles of Gra‐b in human stroke. To study the role of Gra‐b in stroke, ischemic and non‐ischemic tissues (from post‐mortem stroke patients) were analyzed using immunoblotting, co‐immunoprecipitation, terminal deoxy uridine nick end labeling (TUNEL) and Annexin–V immunostaining, and in vitro neuron survival assays. Activated CG‐SH cells and supernatants were used to model leukocyte‐dependent injury. Non‐ischemic brain tissues were used as non‐pathological controls. Non‐activated CG‐SH cells and supernatants were used as controls for in vitro experiments. Human stroke (ischemic) samples contained significantly higher levels of Gra‐b and interferon‐gamma inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10/CXCL10) than non‐ischemic controls. In stroke, poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 and heat shock protein‐70 were cleaved to canonical proteolytic “signature” fragments by Gra‐b. Gra‐b was also found to bind to Bid and caspase‐3. Gra‐b also co‐localized with Annexin‐V+/TUNEL+ in degenerating neurons. Importantly, Gra‐b inhibition protected both normal and ischemia‐reperfused neurons against in vitro neurotoxicity mediated by activated CG‐SH cells and supernatants. These results suggest that increased leukocyte infiltration and elevated Gra‐b levels in the post‐stroke brain can induce contact‐dependent and independent post‐ischemic neuronal death to aggravate stroke injury.
The Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger (PLZF) Protein Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Neuronal Cells and is Dysregulated in Experimental Stroke
Authors: Seidel Kerstin , Kirsch Sebastian , Lucht Kristin , Zaade Daniela , Reinemund Jana , Schmitz Jennifer , Klare Sabrina , Li Yaosi , Schefe Jan H. , Schmerbach Kristin , Goldin‐Lang Petra , Zollmann Frank S. , Thöne‐Reineke Christa , Unger Thomas , Funke‐Kaiser Heiko 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStroke is one of the major medical burdens in industrialized countries. Animal experiments indicate that blockade of the angiotensin AT1 receptor (AT1R) improves neurological outcome after cerebral ischemia. These protective effects are partially mediated by the angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R). The transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) was identified as a direct adapter protein of the AT2R. Furthermore, our group was able to demonstrate that PLZF also directly binds and mediates the effects of the human (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] which is involved in brain development. Therefore, we hypothesized that PLZF is involved in neuroprotection.Here we show that PLZF and its receptors (P)RR and AT2R exhibited an ubiquitous expression pattern in different brain regions. Furthermore, stable PLZF overexpression in human neuronal cells was able to mediate neuroprotection in a glutamate toxicity modelin vitro. Consistently, PLZF mRNA and protein were downregulated on the ipsilateral side in a stroke modelin vivo, whereas the neurodetrimental PLZF target genes cyclin A2 and BID were upregulated under this condition. Further analyses indicated that the neuroprotective AT2R is upregulated upon stable PLZF overexpression in cultured neuronal cells.Finally, reporter gene assays demonstrated the functionality of (P)RR promoter polymorphisms regarding basal and PLZF‐induced activity.
MATTE BLANCO AND THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL REALM OF THE UNCONSCIOUS
Authors: Carvalho Richard 
Published: July 2010

abstractThe author offers an introduction to the work and thinking of the Chilean psychoanalyst, Ignacio Matte Blanco (1908–1995), which can be understood as the exploration of the logical properties inherent in Freud's five characteristics of the unconscious (Freud, 1915). One consequence of these properties is that unconscious phenomena behave as if they occupy dimensions that are greater than those of conscious phenomena. These are the three dimensions of space and one dimension of time. The unconscious has to be ‘unfolded’ or ‘translated’ out of this higher number of dimensions into those available for conscious representation and thought. This characteristic, together with the fact that the individual is lost in the unconscious, makes the experience terrifying and bewildering. In addition, Matte Blanco shows that the logical properties of the unconscious and those of emotion are indistinguishable, suggesting an equation between the two. Material from a patient's analysis is offered to illustrate this phenomenology and the clinical application of Matte Blanco's thinking.
Crops gone wild: evolution of weeds and invasives from domesticated ancestors
Authors: Ellstrand Norman C. , Heredia Sylvia M. , Leak‐Garcia Janet A. , Heraty Joanne M. , Burger Jutta C. , Yao Li , Nohzadeh‐Malakshah Sahar , Ridley Caroline E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe evolution of problematic plants, both weeds and invasives, is a topic of increasing interest. Plants that have evolved from domesticated ancestors have certain advantages for study. Because of their economic importance, domesticated plants are generally well‐characterized and readily available for ecogenetic comparison with their wild descendants. Thus, the evolutionary history of crop descendants has the potential to be reconstructed in some detail. Furthermore, growing crop progenitors with their problematic descendants in a common environment allows for the identification of significant evolutionary differences that correlate with weediness or invasiveness. We sought well‐established examples of invasives and weeds for which genetic and/or ethnobotanical evidence has confirmed their evolution from domesticates. We found surprisingly few cases, only 13. We examine our list for generalizations and then some selected cases to reveal how plant pests have evolved from domesticates. Despite their potential utility, crop descendants remain underexploited for evolutionary study. Promising evolutionary research opportunities for these systems are abundant and worthy of pursuit.
Evolutionary Agroecology: the potential for cooperative, high density, weed‐suppressing cereals
Authors: Weiner Jacob , Andersen Sven B. , Wille Wibke K.‐M. , Griepentrog Hans W. , Olsen Jannie M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEvolutionary theory can be applied to improve agricultural yields and/or sustainability, an approach we call Evolutionary Agroecology. The basic idea is that plant breeding is unlikely to improve attributes already favored by millions of years of natural selection, whereas there may be unutilized potential in selecting for attributes that increase total crop yield but reduce plants’ individual fitness. In other words, plant breeding should be based on group selection. We explore this approach in relation to crop‐weed competition, and argue that it should be possible to develop high density cereals that can utilize their initial size advantage over weeds to suppress them much better than under current practices, thus reducing or eliminating the need for chemical or mechanical weed control. We emphasize the role of density in applying group selection to crops: it is competition among individuals that generates the ‘Tragedy of the Commons’, providing opportunities to improve plant production by selecting for attributes that natural selection would not favor. When there is competition for light, natural selection of individuals favors a defensive strategy of ‘shade avoidance’, but a collective, offensive ‘shading’ strategy could increase weed suppression and yield in the high density, high uniformity cropping systems we envision.
Targeting Histone Deacetylases for the Treatment of Huntington's Disease
Authors: Gray Steven G. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY Huntington's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition with significant burdens on both patient and healthcare costs. Despite the identification of the causative element, an expanded toxic polyglutamine tract in the mutant Huntingtin protein, treatment options for patients with this disease remain limited. In the following review I assess the current evidence suggesting that a family of important regulatory proteins known as histone deacetylases may be an important therapeutic target in the treatment of this disease.
A Longitudinal Study of Salmonella Infection in Different Types of Turkey Flocks in Great Britain
Authors: Danguy des Déserts J. , Davies R. H. , Vaughan K. , McLaren I. , Canning P. , Wintrip A. , Mueller‐Doblies D. , Carrique‐Mas J. J. 
Published: July 2010

Summary Salmonella is, after Campylobacter, the most reported zoonotic pathogen in the EU. Poultry are a common source of infection to humans, and turkey flocks are commonly colonized with the organism. We investigated the prevalence and risk factors of Salmonella infection in 179 houses in 60 holdings representative of turkey meat and breeder production in Great Britain. From each holding, up to four houses were chosen, and two consecutive flocks per house were sampled/tested for Salmonella to investigate the persistence, elimination and introduction of Salmonella in consecutive crops. At the first sampling, the overall flock‐level Salmonella prevalence was 32.8% and 8.9% for meat and breeding flocks respectively. There was a higher prevalence of Salmonella in flocks in the rearing stage than in the fattening and breeding stages. At the first sampling, the flock‐level prevalence of Salmonella was 26.8% (95% CI: 20.7–33.7%), while the prevalence level in the subsequent flock was 20.5% (95% CI: 13.6–29.7%). No houses were positive for any of the EU‐regulated serovars. The most commonly encountered serovars were S. Kottbus and S. Kedougou. Carry‐over of infection was observed in 44.8% of the positive houses, and introduction of new infection occurred in 8.4% of houses. Data from the questionnaires and auditing of all holdings and houses were combined and used to calculate adjusted farm‐ and house‐adjusted risk factors. Significant risk factors were feed from a source other than a national compounder (OR = 2.4), feeder type other than pan feeders (OR = 2.4) and hygiene practices other than terminal cleaning and disinfection using power‐washing with sanitizer and anteroom with boot change (OR = 2.8). The study discusses the main challenges currently faced by the industry to control Salmonella in turkey production.
Clinical course of chronic periodontitis: effect of lifelong light smoking (20 years) on loss of attachment and teeth
Authors: Schätzle Marc , Löe Harald , Ramseier Christoph A. , Bürgin Walter , Ånerud Åge , Boysen Hans , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAim:  To examine the lifelong effect of light smoking on periodontal health.Methods:  The data were derived from a 20‐year longitudinal study of a group of Norwegian, middle‐class males. The patients were subset according to their smoking history. A total of 119 non‐smokers and 17 smokers were examined, 20 years apart.Results:  Current smokers had significantly higher plaque indices than non‐smokers after the age of 35 years, while before 35 years, there was no difference. Before 20 years of age, the non‐smokers exhibited greater gingival indices, but after the age of 35, the smokers had significantly more sites that bled upon probing. Smokers demonstrated higher mean calculus indices after 35 years and as they approached 50 years of age. At baseline, the two groups showed similar attachment loss (0.14 mm), but with increasing age and approaching 50 years, the attachment loss progressed significantly faster in smokers than in non‐smokers (2.31 and 1.57 mm, respectively). Linear regression indicated that ageing and light smoking were independently and significantly related to attachment loss.Conclusions:  Lifelong light smoking could be confirmed as a risk factor for periodontal disease progression. However, in this population, smoking did not significantly increase the risk of tooth loss.
The long-term response of stream flow to climatic warming in headwater streams of interior AlaskaThis article is one of a selection of papers from The Dynamics of Change in Alaska’s Boreal Forests: Resilience and Vulnerability in Response to Climate Warming.
Authors: Jones Jeremy B. , Rinehart Amanda J. 
Published: July 2010

Warming in the boreal forest of interior Alaska will have fundamental impacts on stream ecosystems through changes in stream hydrology resulting from upslope loss of permafrost, alteration of availability of soil moisture, and the distribution of vegetation. We examined stream flow in three headwater streams of the Caribou–Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) in interior Alaska over a 30-year period to determine (i) how stream flow varied among streams draining watersheds with varying extents of permafrost and (ii) evaluate if stream hydrology is changing with loss of permafrost. The three streams drained subcatchments with permafrost extents ranging from 4% to 53%. For each stream, runoff data were analyzed by separating base and storm flow contributions using a local-minimum method and with analysis of flood recession curves. Mean daily runoff during the ice-free season did not significantly vary among streams (mean = 0.57 mm·d–1), although the watersheds with lower permafrost had a greater contribution of base flow. Across years, flow was variable and was related with summer temperature in the watershed with low permafrost and with precipitation in the watershed with high permafrost. With climate warming and loss of permafrost, stream flows will become less responsive to precipitation and headwater streams may become ephemeral.
Resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate changeThis article is one of a selection of papers from The Dynamics of Change in Alaska’s Boreal Forests: Resilience and Vulnerability in Response to Climate Warming.
Authors: Jorgenson M. Torre , Romanovsky Vladimir , Harden Jennifer , Shur Yuri , O’Donnell Jonathan , Schuur Edward A. G. , Kanevskiy Mikhail , Marchenko Sergei 
Published: July 2010

The resilience and vulnerability of permafrost to climate change depends on complex interactions among topography, water, soil, vegetation, and snow, which allow permafrost to persist at mean annual air temperatures (MAATs) as high as +2 °C and degrade at MAATs as low as –20 °C. To assess these interactions, we compiled existing data and tested effects of varying conditions on mean annual surface temperatures (MASTs) and 2 m deep temperatures (MADTs) through modeling. Surface water had the largest effect, with water sediment temperatures being ~10 °C above MAAT. A 50% reduction in snow depth reduces MADT by 2 °C. Elevation changes between 200 and 800 m increases MAAT by up to 2.3 °C and snow depths by ~40%. Aspect caused only a ~1 °C difference in MAST. Covarying vegetation structure, organic matter thickness, soil moisture, and snow depth of terrestrial ecosystems, ranging from barren silt to white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) forest to tussock shrub, affect MASTs by ~6 °C and MADTs by ~7 °C. Groundwater at 2–7 °C greatly affects lateral and internal permafrost thawing. Analyses show that vegetation succession provides strong negative feedbacks that make permafrost resilient to even large increases in air temperatures. Surface water, which is affected by topography and ground ice, provides even stronger negative feedbacks that make permafrost vulnerable to thawing even under cold temperatures.