bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation between second and third geometric–arithmetic indices of trees
Authors: Furtula Boris , Gutman Ivan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe geometric–arithmetic indices (GA) are a recently introduced class of molecular structure descriptors found to be useful tools in QSPR/QSAR researches. We now establish a peculiar relation between the second (GA2) and the third (GA3) geometric–arithmetic indices of trees and chemical trees: for trees with a fixed number of vertices (n) and pendent vertices (ν), GA2 and GA3 are almost exactly linearly correlated. For various values of ν, the GA3/GA2 lines are parallel, and their distance is proportional to ν. These findings are rationalized by deducing lower and upper bounds for GA3 that are increasing linear functions of GA2 and decreasing linear functions of ν. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing the Blocking Temperature in Single‐Molecule Magnets by Incorporating 3d–5d Exchange Interactions
Authors: Pedersen Kasper S. , Schau‐Magnussen Magnus , Bendix Jesper , Weihe Høgni , Palii Andrei V. , Klokishner Sophia I. , Ostrovsky Serghei , Reu Oleg S. , Mutka Hannu , Tregenna‐Piggott Philip L. W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe report the first single‐molecule magnet (SMM) to incorporate the [Os(CN)6]3− moiety. The compound (1) has a trimeric, cyanide‐bridged MnIII‐OsIII‐MnIII skeleton in which MnIII designates a [Mn(5‐Brsalen)(MeOH)]+ unit (5‐Brsalen=N,N′‐ethylenebis(5‐bromosalicylideneiminato)). X‐ray crystallographic experiments reveal that 1 is isostructural with the MnIII‐FeIII‐MnIII analogue (2). Both compounds exhibit a frequency‐dependent out‐of‐phase χ′′(T) alternating current (ac) susceptibility signal that is suggestive of SMM behaviour. From the Arrhenius expression, the effective barrier for 1 is found to be Δeff/kB=19 K (τ0=5.0×10−7 s; kB=Boltzmann constant), whereas only the onset (1.5 kHz, 1.8 K) of χ′′(T) is observed for 2, thus indicating a higher blocking temperature for 1. The strong spin–orbit coupling present in OsIII isolates the E′1g(1/2)(Oh*) Kramers doublet that exhibits orbital contributions to the single‐ion anisotropy. Magnetic susceptibility and inelastic neutron‐scattering measurements reveal that substitution of [Fe(CN)6]3− by the [Os(CN)6]3− anion results in larger ferromagnetic, anisotropic exchange interactions going from quasi‐Ising exchange interactions in 2 to pure Ising exchange for 1 with ${J{{{\rm MnOs}\hfill \atop \parallel \hfill}}}$=−30.6 cm−1. The combination of diffuse magnetic orbitals and the Ising‐type exchange interaction effectively contributes to a higher blocking temperature. This result is in accordance with theoretical predictions and paves the way for the design of a new generation of SMMs with enhanced SMM properties.
Localization, mechanism and reduction of renal retention of technetium‐99m labeled epidermal growth factor receptor‐specific nanobody in mice
Authors: Tchouate Gainkam Lea Olive , Caveliers Vicky , Devoogdt Nick , Vanhove Christian , Xavier Catarina , Boerman Otto , Muyldermans Serge , Bossuyt Axel , Lahoutte Tony 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundNanobodies are single‐domain antigen binding fragments derived from functional heavy‐chain antibodies elicited in Camelidae. They are powerful probes for radioimmunoimaging, but their renal uptake is relatively high. In this study we have evaluated the role of megalin on the renal uptake of anti‐EGFR 99mTc‐7C12 nanobody and the potency of gelofusine and/or lysine to reduce renal uptake of 99mTc‐7C12.MethodsFirst we compared the renal uptake of 99mTc‐7C12 in megalin‐deficient and megalin‐wild‐type mice using pinhole SPECT/microCT and ex vivo analysis. The effect of gelofusine and lysine administration on renal accumulation of 99mTc‐7C12 was analyzed in CD‐1 mice divided into lysine preload at 30 min before tracer injection (LysPreload), LysPreload + gelofusine coadministration (LysPreload + GeloCoad), lysine coadministration (LysCoad), gelofusine coadministration (GeloCoad) and LysCoad + GeloCoad. The combined effect of gelofusine and lysine on tumor uptake was tested in mice xenografts.ResultsRenal uptake of 99mTc‐7C12 was 44.22 ± 3.46% lower in megalin‐deficient compared with megalin‐wild‐type mice. In CD‐1 mice, lysine preload had no effect on the renal retention whereas coinjection of lysine or gelofusine with the tracer resulted in 25.12 ± 2.99 and 36.22 ± 3.07% reduction, respectively. The combined effect of gelofusine and lysine was the most effective, namely a reduction of renal retention of 45.24 ± 2.09%. Gelofusine and lysine coadministration improved tumor uptake.ConclusionMegalin contributes to the renal accumulation of 99mTc‐7C12. Gelofusine and lysine coinjection with the tracer reduces the renal uptake while tumor uptake is improved. Although this methodology allows for optimization of imaging protocol using nanobodies, further improvements are needed before using these molecules for radionuclide therapy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
YAlO3:Mn nanocrystals obtained in sol‐gel and their properties
Authors: Talik E. , Baran M. , Skrzypek D. , Szubka M. , Guzik A. , Pajączkowska A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractManganese‐doped yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAP) nanocrystalline samples of 0.05 at%, 0.2 at% and the reference single crystal of predicted 0.02 at% Mn, 0.02% Si concentration in YAP were investigated by the following methods: X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, EPR, SQUID and XPS. These examinations revealed that the obtained material was not single phase and the trace of Y3Al5O12 (YAG) appeared. As is evident from EPR studies, the manganese in all investigated samples is occupying an yttrium site and the valence of manganese remains as Mn2+. The EPR spectra of both powder YAP:Mn samples are the same, an expected difference in the intensity well reflects the nominal concentration of manganese. The single crystal perovskite YAlO3 doped with manganese showed very complex and strongly anisotropic EPR spectrum. The EPR data showed the presence of Mn2+ ions substituting yttrium site and Cr3+ and Fe3+ undesirable impurities which occupied aluminum site. The magnetic moments of manganese calculated for the nanopowders confirmed Mn2+ state. The SEM/EDS and XPS analyses showed the chemical composition of nanopowders as very consistent for both methods. For both samples the lower content of aluminum in relation to the nominal value was found. The SEM images show that the sample 0.2 at% Mn has more agglomerated structure. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The nature of Mn(II) complexes in concentrated aqueous ammonium oxalate solutions
Authors: Mielniczek‐Brzóska E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe paper presents an analysis of the results of spectroscopic studies obtained in the ultraviolet range UV for unsaturated ammonium oxalate solutions containing Mn(II) impurity ci. The aim is to follow manganese oxalate formation processes at different ammonium oxalate concentrations c and Mn(II) impurity ci and also to establish how concentrations of particular species change with a change of ratio (ci /c). Spectroscopic analysis is discussed from the standpoint of speciation of these complexes in the abovementioned solutions. The coordination of C2O42– ligand with Mn(H2O)62+ aquacomplex in the range ‐2 < ln(ci/c) < 1.5 leads to the formation of Mn(C2O4) and Mn(C2O4)22– complexes, but the coordination of the C2O42– ligand with Mn(C2O4)22– complex in the concentration ratio range ‐5 < ln(ci/c) < ‐2 results in the formation of predominantly Mn(C2O4)34– complex. The effect of successive coordination of the C2O42– ligand is well‐defined in the ultraviolet spectral region. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation of temperature and flow fields in an inductively heated melt growth system
Authors: Tavakoli M. H. , Mohammadi‐Manesh E. , Omid S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe goal of the research presented here is to apply a global analysis of an inductively heated Czochralski furnace for a real sapphire crystal growth system and predict the characteristics of the temperature and flow fields in the system. To do it, for the beginning stage of a sapphire growth process, influence of melt and gas convection combined with radiative heat transfer on the temperature field of the system and the crystal‐melt interface have been studied numerically using the steady state two‐dimensional finite element method. For radiative heat transfer, internal radiation through the grown crystal and surface to surface radiation for the exposed surfaces have been taken into account. The numerical results demonstrate that there are a powerful vortex which arises from the natural convection in the melt and a strong and large vortex that flows upwards along the afterheater side wall and downwards along the seed and crystal sides in the gas part. In addition, a wavy shape has been observed for the crystal‐melt interface with a deflection towards the melt. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bemessungsmethode für eingefasstes Mauerwerk auf Grundlage des Eurocode 6
Authors: Lu Suikai , Unger Clemens 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIm Beitrag wird auf die Bemessungsmethode für eingefasstes Mauerwerk nach EN 1996‐1‐1 eingegangen. In EN 1996‐1‐1, Kap. 6.9 werden die Berechnungs‐ und Nachweisansätze für eingefasstes Mauerwerks nur sehr kurz und in Textform umrissen. Für den praktizierenden Ingenieur gibt es bis dato aber kein geeignetes Werkzeug, um die erforderlichen Nachweise für eingefasstes Mauerwerk schnell und übersichtlich durchzuführen. Im Beitrag werden die theoretischen Grundlagen für die verschiedenen Belastungsfälle sowie die dazu benötigen Gleichungen hergeleitet und in einer übersichtlichen und verständlichen Weise erklärt. Abschließend wird die Methode im Sinne eines Flussdiagramms als Guideline noch einmal klar dargestellt.Design method for confined masonry according Eurocode 6. The article describes a design method for confined masonry according EN 1996‐1‐1. In Chapter 6.9 of EN 1996‐1‐1, design principles are provided only on a short and verbal base. There is a lack of detailed design guideline and missing of tools for practical engineers dealing with this kind of masonry compared to unreinforced‐ and reinforced masonry. Following, theoretical backgrounds as well needed equations due to different load cases are derived in order to give the engineer a handsome and understandable tool for design. At the end, a clear flowchart is presented to conclude this design guideline for confined masonry.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties of Noninterpenetrating (6,3) Type Network Lanthanide Metal–Organic Frameworks Assembled by a New Semirigid Bridging Ligand
Authors: Wang Qin , Tang Kuan‐Zhen , Liu Wei‐Sheng , Tang Yu , Tan Min‐Yu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA series of lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) possessing 4f homometallic 2D noninterpenetrating (6,3) honeycomb topological network structures with lanthanide atoms acting as three‐connected centers have been assembled by using a semirigid bridging ligand with lanthanide nitrates, namely [{Ln2(NO3)6L3}·(H2O)2·(CHCl3)]n (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er; L = 2,5‐dimethyl‐1,4‐bis[{(2′‐benzylaminoformyl)phenoxy}methyl]benzene. The coordination layers are linked by intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form a 3D cage structure with 1D supramolecular channels along the c axis, in which chloroform and lattice water molecules are located to stabilize the structure. Under specific excitation, the SmIII, EuIII, TbIII, and DyIII MOFs exhibit characteristic emissions. The lowest triplet‐state energy level of the ligand indicates that the energy level of the ligand matches better to the resonance levels of TbIII and DyIII rather than SmIII and EuIII ions.
Über Vinylchlorid und seine Polymerisationsprodukte. II. Darstellung von monomerem Vinylchlorid aus Acetylen
Authors: Fierz‐David H. E. , Zollinger Heh. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract1. In gasförmiger Phase erfolgt die Bildung von Vinylchlorid aus Acetylen und Chlorwasserstoff bei Verwendung von Quecksilber‐salzkatalysatoren praktisch quantitativ. Die Wirkung aller andern in Patenten vorgeschlagenen Metallsalze ist ungenügend.
Projecting health‐care expenditure for Switzerland: further evidence against the ‘red‐herring’ hypothesis
Authors: Colombier Carsten , Weber Werner 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYThis paper contributes to the debate about the impact of population ageing on health‐care (HC) expenditure. Some health economists claim that the commonly presumed impact of population ageing is a ‘red herring’. Based on empirical studies, these authors conclude that proximity to death and not age per se matters. In projecting HC expenditure for Switzerland, the present study provides evidence that proximity to death is of marginal importance. These projections suggest that population ageing is still the most important age‐related cost‐driver. Moreover, morbidity outweighs mortality as a factor of HC expenditure. But most vital are non‐demographic drivers such as medical progress. Thus, from the point of view of cost‐benefit analysis one should even ignore costs of dying when projecting HC expenditure. Moreover, regressions might overestimate proximity to death due to systematic biases. Finally, ever‐increasing HC expenditure can be slowed down by appropriate policy measures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matrix stiffness regulation of integrin-mediated mechanotransduction during osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Shih Yu-Ru V , Tseng Kuo-Fung , Lai Hsiu-Yu , Lin Chi-Hung , Lee Oscar K 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured on extracellular matrices with different stiffness have been shown to possess diverse lineage commitment owing to the extracellular mechanical stimuli sensed by the cells. The aim of this study was to further delineate how matrix stiffness affects intracellular signaling through the mechanotransducers Rho kinase (ROCK) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and subsequently regulates the osteogenic phenotype of MSCs. MSCs were cultured in osteogenic medium on tunable polyacrylamide hydrogels coated with type I collagen with elasticities corresponding to Young's modulus of 7.0 ± 1.2 and 42.1 ± 3.2 kPa. Osteogenic differentiation was increased on stiffer matrices, as evident by type I collagen, osteocalcin, and Runx2 gene expressions and alizarin red S staining for mineralization. Western blot analysis demonstrated an increase in kinase activities of ROCK, FAK, and ERK1/2 on stiffer matrices. Inhibition of FAK, an important mediator of osteogenic differentiation, and inhibition of ROCK, a known mechanotransducer of matrix stiffness during osteogenesis, resulted in decreased expression of osteogenic markers during osteogenic induction. In addition, FAK affects osteogenic differentiation through ERK1/2, whereas ROCK regulates both FAK and ERK1/2. Furthermore, α2-integrin was upregulated on stiffer matrices during osteogenic induction, and its knockdown by siRNA downregulated the osteogenic phenotype through ROCK, FAK, and ERK1/2. Taken together, our results provide evidence that the matrix rigidity affects the osteogenic outcome of MSCs through mechanotransduction events that are mediated by α2-integrin. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Component Fatty Acids of Delonix regis Seed Oil — A Source of 7‐(2‐Octacyclopropen‐1‐yI)heptanoic Acid and 8‐(2‐OctacycIopropen‐1‐yl)octanoic Acid
Authors: Hoasamani K. M. , Hosamani S. K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDelonix regia. Raffin Svn. Poinaana regia, Bojer ex Hook seed oil belonging to the Leguminosae plant family which contains an appreciable amount of 7‐(2‐octaeyclopropcn‐1‐yl)heptanoic acid (malvalic acid. 6.3%) and 8‐(2‐octacyclopropen‐1‐yl)octanoic acid (sterculic acid. 4.2%) along with the other normal fatty acids like myristic (1.1 %). palmitic (14.0%). stearic (11.0%), oleic (12.7%) and linoleic (50.7%,). These fatty acids were characterized by FTIR, H NMR. GLC‐techniques and chemical transformations.
Lipid Studies of Pimpinella acuminata
Authors: Raie M. Y. , Ahmad I. , Javed M. A. , Waheed A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe seed oil of Pimpinella acuminata species of the family Umbelli‐ferae was extracted with chloroform : methanol (2:1) for the separation of different classes of lipids as hydrocarbons (1.7%), sterol esters (traces), triglycerides (74.1%), free fatty acids (6.6%), 1,3‐diglycerides (1.6%), 1,2‐diglycerides (1.6%), sterols (1.8%), mono‐glycerides (2.0%), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (0.8%), phosphatidyl choline (1.2 %), lyso phosphatidyl ethanolamine (0.4%), phosphatidyl inositol (1.2%) and unknown (7.0%). The fatty acids as determined by application of gas liquid chromatography is C10‐C22, whereas C16:0, C18:0‐C18:2 and C18:2 are predominantly present in all polar and non‐polar lipid classes.
Schnelle Mikromethoden zur GC‐ Bestimmung des Fettgehalts und der Fettsauren in lipdereichen Samen
Authors: Marx Friedhelm , Stender Astrid 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEs werden zwei Methoden zurschnellen Probenvorbcreitung für die Bestiramung des F'etlgehalts (gravimctrisch bzw. mitlels Gaschromatographie (GC)) und des Fettsäuremusters (GC) in lipidreichen Samen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Bei beiden Verfahren werden von der Probe jeweils Mengen von ca. 50 mg benötigt. Bei der ersten Methode erfolgl die Probenaufbereilung in mehreren Schritten: wiederholtes Verreiben mit Petrolcumbenzin und Na2SO4,gravimetrische Fettgehaltsbestimmung,Transmethylierung mit Natriummethylat in Methanol (gesamter Zeitbedarf: ca. 60 Min.). Bei der anderen Methods erfolgt die Verreibung mit Na2SO4, die Extrakiion mit Petroleumbenzin und die Transmethylierung mit Methanol und Tetramethylguanidin gleiclizeitig (gesamter Zeitbedarf: ca. 15 Min.). Die Berechnung der Fettgehalte erfolgt durch Umrechnung der Fettsäuregehaltc in Triglyceridgehalte. Die für vcrschiedene Proben erhaltenen Analysendaten werden mit Daten verglichen, die mit einer klassischen Referenzmethode ermittelt warden. Die Resultale stimmen meist gut überein
Evidence for association of the GLI2 gene with tardive dyskinesia in patients with chronic schizophrenia
Authors: Greenbaum Lior , Alkelai Anna , Rigbi Amihai , Kohn Yoav , Lerer Bernard 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTardive dyskinesia (TD) occurs in approximately 20% of patients exposed to long‐term antipsychotic treatment and may be influenced by genetic predisposition, in addition to clinical risk factors. In this study, we implemented a two‐step approach to identify susceptibility genes for TD. First, we performed a secondary analysis of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) genome‐wide association study (GWAS) dataset to identify candidate genes for TD severity. A total of 327 schizophrenia patients treated with antipsychotics who participated in the CATIE trial were included in a TD severity GWAS (approximately 495,000 SNPs). Cases were defined as demonstrating involuntary movements of a mild degree in two or more body regions or of a moderate to severe degree in at least one body region on at least two separate evaluations, whereas controls were completely free of abnormal involuntary movement on all evaluations. Using logistic regression and controlling for population stratification and relevant clinical risk factors, none of the associated SNPs reached GWAS significance; however, several promising SNPs were identified for follow‐up investigation. In the second step, we performed an association study of the top 25 SNPs in an independent sample of 170 Jewish, Israeli, schizophrenia patients (retrospective, cross‐sectional design). Association of the SNP rs3943552 T allele in the GLI2 gene with TD was observed in a subsample of Ashkenazi Jewish patients (N = 96, P = 0.018; P = 6.2 × 10−5 in the CATIE sample). The GLI2 gene encodes a transcription factor that participates in the development of the dopaminergic system during embryogenesis. Taken together, our findings support a possible contribution of GLI2 to TD susceptibility. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Urinary isoflavone phytoestrogens in German children and adolescents – A longitudinal examination in the DONALD cohort
Authors: Degen Gisela H. , Blaszkewicz Meinolf , Shi Lijie , Buyken Anette E. , Remer Thomas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractScope: In light of concerns about hormonally active agents, it is important to assess human exposure to such compounds, especially in children as a susceptible subgroup. Estrogenic plant constituents are present in the human diet in varying levels, in particular the isoflavones daidzein (DAI) and genistein (GEN). We aimed to examine age‐dependent and secular trends in phytoestrogen exposures and to investigate equol (EQ) excretion of German children using biomarker analysis in 24‐h urine samples from a longitudinally designed study.Methods and results: The concentrations of DAI, its metabolite EQ and GEN were determined by GC‐MS analysis in 24‐h urines (510 samples) collected between 1985 and 2000 in 90 (47 boys) German children (6–18 years old), who are participants in the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed study. The results from the urinary biomarker analysis indicate isoflavone exposures at quite variable levels in German children: Analyte concentrations in over 500 urine samples cover the range reported previously in adults on typical German diet and with soy intake. EQ, the DAI metabolite produced by the gastrointestinal microflora, was detected in a high fraction of all samples, with 28/90 children (31%) excreting EQ in all their urines, and 62/90 children (68%) in at least one sample. Interestingly, when multiple urines obtained from individuals at different ages (6–18 years) were analyzed, EQ formation did not appear to be a constant trait over time. When stratified by sex, DAI, EQ and GEN concentrations (ng/mL) in urines and excretion rates (μg/day) were similar in boys and girls. Total isoflavone excretion rates (μg/day) increased during childhood (6–12 years) (p=0.02) and were constant during adolescence (13–18 years) (p=0.6). No clear trend for changes in dietary isoflavone exposure over the total study period was seen (p=0.7).Conclusions: In conclusion, biomarkers in urine of German children and adolescents indicate a frequent, but widely variable dietary isoflavone intake and suggest no secular increase (1985–2000) in the exposure to isoflavone phytoestrogens among German children and adolescents.