bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Sustainable Diets—Interventions and Perceptions Among Adolescents: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lanham Adeline R , van der Pols Jolieke C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Adolescence is an important life stage during which shifts toward more healthy and sustainable diets can be promoted. Adolescents have increasing influence over their food choices, informed by their developing personal knowledge and values, affecting long-term dietary behaviors into adulthood. The recent literature regarding adolescents’ (1) perceptions of environmentally sustainable diets and (2) interventions to support adolescents to eat sustainably was reviewed in this study. We reviewed published literature that focused on adolescent participants and their perceptions of, or interventions to support, sustainable dietary habits. Five electronic databases were searched to include studies published since 2012 that met the inclusion criteria, including reporting of participants aged between 11 and 18 years, reporting on adolescents’ perceptions of sustainable diets or interventions implemented to improve the sustainability of adolescents’ diets, and framed in the context of sustainability. Data were extracted, including study and participant characteristics, methodology, and results in relation to each of the 2 research focus areas. Twenty-eight articles were included in the review. Findings suggest that adolescents’ understanding of what constitutes sustainable eating is poor. Adolescents who had previously received education regarding sustainable diets valued nature and health, or were from a rural or indigenous community, were more likely to value environmentally sustainable-food choices. Interventions which target adolescents’ understanding of and aspiration to make sustainable-food choices appears to improve their attitudes toward sustainable food, whereas interventions to increase the availability of sustainable foods improved the environmental sustainability of adolescents’ dietary intake. Multicomponent, tailored, and community-based interventions were most effective; however, the long-term effect of these interventions remains unclear. More research is needed in low- and middle-income countries, with consideration of adolescents’ level of autonomy in food choice in local food environments and the long-term effectiveness of interventions.
Systematic Review Registration: Open Science Framework identifier osf.io/h3jz6.
Investigating the effect of virtual reality glasses during inhaler therapy use in children: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Okay Berker , Üze Okay Zeynep 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Virtual reality (VR) glasses have been used in the medical field, as they are perceived to be suitable for distracting children. In this study, we aimed to compare patients who received inhaler treatment with VR glasses with those who received treatment without the aid of any device in terms of treatment compliance.

Materials and Methods
A prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted on pediatric patients aged 2 to 5 years requiring inhaler treatment (salbutamol), with the informed consent of their families. Participating patients who received standard care were divided into three groups via randomization: roller coaster VR group, wild dolphin VR group, and no additional device group. The patients were observed during their 15-minute inhaler treatment, and the groups were compared in terms of crying times, pre- and post-treatment physician and family questionnaire data (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolabity Scale [FLACC], Modified Yale Anxiety Scale [MYPAS], Modifiye Parents’ Pain Measure [MPMM], Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale [WBS]), and respiratory rate (RR), peripheral oxygen saturation, and heart rate value changes to determine any differences between them.

Results
Post-treatment questionnaire scores, RR, crying duration, and efficacy of treatment exhibited significant differences in Groups 1 and 2 compared to the control group. A significant difference was found in the post-treatment RR between groups 1 and 2, but no difference was observed in the other parameters.

Conclusions
Utilizing VR glasses during inhaler therapy has the potential to minimize adverse effects, such as pain, and enhance the overall comfort of the treatment environment for patients.
Molecular Mimicry of Transposable Elements in Plants
Authors: Chu Jie , Newman Josephine , Cho Jungnam 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile DNA elements that are particularly abundant in the plant genomes. They have long been considered as junk DNA; however, a growing body of evidence suggests that TE insertions promote genetic diversity that is essential for the adaptive evolution of a species. Thus far, studies have mainly investigated the cis-acting regulatory roles of TEs generated by their insertions nearby or within the host genes. However, the trans-acting effects of TE-derived RNA and DNA remained obscure to date. TEs contain various regulatory elements within their sequences that can accommodate the binding of specific RNAs and proteins. Recently, it was suggested that some of these cellular regulators are shared between TEs and the host genes, and the competition for the common host factors underlies the fine-tuned developmental reprogramming. In this review, we will highlight and discuss the latest discoveries on the biological functions of plant TEs, with a particular focus on their competitive binding with specific developmental regulators.
The Lethality Assessment Program 2.0: Adjusting intimate partner violence risk assessment to account for strangulation risk
Authors: Messing Jill Theresa , Campbell Jacquelyn , Holly Darrell , Corwin Dave 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Lethality Assessment Program (LAP) assists police responding to intimate partner violence incidents by connecting victims identified as high risk with advocates while police are at the scene. The Lethality Screen is the risk assessment used with the LAP. This manuscript focuses on evaluating and refining changes to the Lethality Screen that prioritize strangulation as a risk item that automatically places a survivor in the high-danger category. Secondary data from the Oklahoma Lethality Assessment (OK-LA) Study (n=234) were utilized for analysis. Researchers and community partners collaborated to explore various options for revising the Lethality Screen given the goal of the community partner to prioritize strangulation on the risk assessment. The final adaptation of the Lethality Screen was examined for its ability to predict near fatal violence, severe violence, violence and abuse by an intimate partner at 7 months follow-up. The revised Lethality Screen has high sensitivity (84-93%), low specificity (14-16%), and broad ranges of negative predictive value (47-94%) and positive predictive value (12-63%). Revisions to the Lethality Screen are discussed in conjunction with additional adaptations that were made to the LAP, resulting in the LAP 2.0.
When code isn’t law: rethinking regulation for artificial intelligence
Authors: Judge Brian , Nitzberg Mark , Russell Stuart 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article examines the challenges of regulating artificial intelligence (AI) systems and proposes an adapted model of regulation suitable for AI’s novel features. Unlike past technologies, AI systems built using techniques like deep learning cannot be directly analyzed, specified, or audited against regulations. Their behavior emerges unpredictably from training rather than intentional design. However, the traditional model of delegating oversight to an expert agency, which has succeeded in high-risk sectors like aviation and nuclear power, should not be wholly discarded. Instead, policymakers must contain risks from today’s opaque models while supporting research into provably safe AI architectures. Drawing lessons from AI safety literature and past regulatory successes, effective AI governance will likely require consolidated authority, licensing regimes, mandated training data and modeling disclosures, formal verification of system behavior, and the capacity for rapid intervention.
Collective Excitations of Self-Gravitating Bose–Einstein Condensates: Breathing Mode and Appearance of Anisotropy under Self-Gravity
Authors: Asakawa Kenta , Ishihara Hideki , Tsubota Makoto 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We investigate the collective mode of a self-gravitating Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) described by the Gross–Pitaevskii–Poisson (GPP) equations. The self-gravitating BEC has garnered considerable attention in cosmology and astrophysics, being proposed as a plausible candidate for dark matter. Our inquiry delves into the breathing and anisotropic collective modes by numerically solving the GPP equations and using the variational method. The breathing mode demonstrates a reduction in period with increasing total mass due to the density dependence of the self-gravitating BEC, attributed to the density-dependent nature of self-gravitating BECs, aligning quantitatively with our analytical findings. Additionally, we investigate an anisotropic collective mode in which the quadrupole mode intertwines with the breathing mode. The period of the quadrupole mode exhibits similar total mass dependence to that of the breathing mode. The characteristics of these periods differ from those of a conventional BEC confined by an external potential. Despite the differences in density dependence, the ratio of their periods equals that of the BEC confined by an isotropic harmonic potential. Furthermore, an extension of the variational method to a spheroidal configuration enables the isolation of solely the quadrupole mode from the anisotropic collective mode.
Association of trabecular bone score with disease parameters and vertebral fractures in axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Daflaoui Meryem , Azzouzi Hamida , Boutaibi Houssam , Chennouf Fadoua , Ichchou Linda 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to study trabecular bone score (TBS) association with disease parameters and vertebral fractures (VFs) in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with axial spondyloarthritis were included in this cross-sectional study. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure BMD in the lumbar spine and TBS. Low TBS was defined as ≤1.31. The association between TBS and disease parameters including Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS), BASDAI, BASFI and BASMI was studied using logistic regressions.

Results
Our study included 56 patients, with a mean age of 38.9 ± 13.5 years and a mean disease duration of 12.7 ± 7.7 years. Patients with low TBS were significantly older and had higher waist circumference and body mass index. These patients also showed greater clinical activity, as evidenced by higher ASDAS-CRP, BASFI and BASMI scores (P &lt; 0.05). In multivariate logistic regression, low TBS was associated with all disease parameters, except for BASMI: BASDAI (OR [95% CI] = 3.68 [1.48–9.19], P = 0.005), ASDAS-CRP (OR [95% CI] = 2.92 [1.20–7.10], P = 0.018), BASFI (OR [95% CI] = 1.04 [1.01–1.08], P = 0.018), BASMI (OR [95% CI] = 1.36 [0.99–1.87], P = 0.062). However, no association was observed between TBS and VFs.

Conclusion
TBS was associated with active spondyloarthritis, suggesting increased bone fragility in these patients. However, TBS failed to demonstrate an association with VFs.
Familial Mediterranean fever in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a nationwide study from the epi-IIRN
Authors: Kori Michal , Buchuk Rachel , Goldzweig Ofra , Weisband Yiska Loewenberg , Tal Noa , Ben-Tov Amir , Ledderman Natan , Matz Eran , Freiman Moti , Dotan Iris , Turner Dan , Shouval Dror S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) are auto-inflammatory diseases with common clinical and biological features. We aimed to determine their association and characterize the natural history in patients with both diagnoses.

Methods
Utilizing data from the epi-IIRN cohort, which includes 98% of Israel's population, we calculated the adjusted prevalence of FMF among IBD patients vs non-IBD controls. Case ascertainment of IBD was determined according to validated algorithms and for FMF by ICD-9 codes and colchicine purchase.

Results
In total, 34 375 IBD patients (56% Crohn's disease [CD] and 44% ulcerative colitis [UC]) were compared with 93 602 matched controls. Among IBD patients, 157 (0.5%) had FMF compared with 160 (0.2%) of non-IBD controls (OR = 2.68 [95%CI 2.2–3.3]; P &lt; 0.001). Pediatric-onset IBD had a higher prevalence of FMF compared with adult-onset IBD (30/5243 [0.6%] vs 127/29 132 [0.4%]), without statistical significance (OR = 1.31 [0.88–1.96]; P = 0.2). FMF was more prevalent in CD (114/19 264 [0.6%]) than UC (43/15 111 [0.3%]; OR = 2.1 [1.5–3.0], P &lt; 0.001). FMF diagnosis preceded that of IBD in 130/157 cases (83%). FMF was associated with a more severe disease activity in UC patients at diagnosis, but not in CD patients. Outcomes were comparable between patients with CD+FMF vs CD alone; however, in patients with UC+FMF, time to biologic treatment was shorter.

Conclusion
FMF is more prevalent in IBD patients than in the general population, particularly in CD. The diagnosis of FMF precedes the diagnosis of IBD in most cases, and may be associated with a more severe course in UC.
Comparison of rituximab efficacy in treatment-naïve and refractory inflammatory myopathies: experiences from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Manwatkar Abhilasha , Naresh Kancha , Mathew John , Nair Aditya V , Goel Ruchika , Yadav Bijesh , Prakash John Antony Jude , Das John Kumar , Sivadasan Ajith 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine whether rituximab (RTX) is effective in ‘treatment-naïve’ idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), and whether there could be differential treatment responses between ‘treatment-naïve’ and treatment ‘refractory’ IIM.

Methods
Data were obtained from a prospectively maintained database comprising patients with IIM treated with RTX. Patient details were obtained at baseline, 3- and 6-months intervals, and at subsequent follow-up visits. Treatment response was categorized as improved, worsening or stable based on Manual Muscle Testing 8 (MMT8) scores, patient global and physician global improvement for skin and joint symptoms improvement, and spirometry at 6 months. The time to clinical improvement and remission were noted and survival analysis curves were constructed.

Results
Sixty patients with IIM (including 18 with anti-signal recognition particle myopathy) were included, of whom 33 who received RTX were treatment naïve. The remaining 27 were started on RTX for refractory myopathy. The mean age was 39 years (s.d. 12.58) in the ‘treatment-naïve’ group and 43 years (s.d. 12.12) in the ‘refractory’ group. At 6 months of follow-up, 48/55 (87%) patients showed response, 31/31 (100%) in ‘treatment-naïve’ and 17/24 (70%) in ‘refractory’ cases, P = 0.006*. In the refractory group, seven (29%) had stable disease. The mean changes in MMT8 were significantly more in the ‘treatment-naïve’ group [13.41 (s.d. 7.31)] compared with ‘refractory’ IIM [8.33 (s.d. 7.92)] (P = 0.017*). The majority of patients were able to reduce the dose to &lt;5 mg/day before 6 months. No major adverse events were reported over the median follow-up of 24 (interquartile range 36) months.

Conclusions
RTX is effective and safe across the spectrum of IIM. Early use in disease is associated with better outcomes.
ROUX-en-Y gastric bypass surgery improves metabolic syndrome–related erectile dysfunction in mice via the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway
Authors: Hu Zhenxing , Chen Keming , Dai Haitao , Lv Zhiyong , Li Jian , Yu Puguang , Feng Jiajing , Abdulkarem Alqaisi Mohammed , Wu Haifeng , He Rui , Li Guangyong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Although many clinical studies have shown that ROUX-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery significantly improves metabolic syndrome–related erectile dysfunction (MED), the role and mechanism are unclear.

Aim
In this study we used a mouse model to explore how RYGB improves MED induced by a high-fat diet (HFD).

Methods
We established a mouse model of metabolic syndrome by feeding an HFD for 16 weeks. The mice were randomly assigned to the standard chow diet (SCD), HFD, or RYGB groups. Body weight, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, and total plasma cholesterol were analyzed. Erectile responses were evaluated by determining the mean systolic blood pressure and the intracavernosal pressure (ICP). Penile histologic examination (Masson’s trichrome and immunohistochemical stain) and Western blot were performed.

Result
Compared with the SCD group, the ICP in the sham group was significantly lower, and the ICP of the RYGB was significantly increased. Masson’s trichrome and immunohistochemical staining showed that the content of endothelium and smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum of mice with MED was significantly reduced. Western blot analysis showed a significant decrease in α-smooth muscle actin and a significant increase in osteopontin in penile tissue in the sham group, which was improved by RYGB surgery. Furthermore, RYGB significantly increased IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/eNOS phosphorylation.

Clinical Translation
In this study we explored the mechanism of bariatric surgery to improve erectile dysfunction associated with metabolic syndrome and provided a theoretical basis for clinical research.

Strengths and Limitations
First, we did not investigate the mechanism by which RYGB affects the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. Second, the effect of the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway on the function of corpus cavernosum endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells remains to be investigated in cellular studies.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that RYGB may not only improve metabolic parameters but also restore erectile function in MED patients. The mechanism of the therapeutic effect of RYGB may be reactivation of the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway.
Analysis of evidence on nutraceutical interventions for Peyronie’s disease: a guideline-based critical review
Authors: Tienforti Daniele , Hoxha Malvina , Di Pasquale Alfonso Boris , Rizza Vinicio , Barbonetti Arcangelo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The management of Peyronie's disease (PD) is a challenge for the clinician. Despite the lack of etiologic therapy, different nonsurgical approaches have often been empirically proposed. The most used treatment is based on nutraceutical drugs with antioxidant activity, although such an intervention remains controversial.

Objectives
We reviewed the evidence from the randomized controlled trials included in the recommendations of the American Urological Association (AUA), Canadian Urological Association (CUA), European Association of Urology, and International Society for Sexual Medicine.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials, reviews, and guidelines on nutraceutical interventions for PD.

Results
Our analysis provides detailed information on potential interventions, underlying the inconsistent evidence. Acetyl esters of carnitine, although not recommended by any of the available guidelines, showed potential benefit in some selected studies. Omega-3 fatty acids are not recommended due to withdrawn study evidence. The CUA and AUA were the only societies to consider the use of coenzyme Q10. While the CUA suggested that it might be offered as a treatment option, the AUA refrained from taking a definitive stance due to insufficient evidence. Similarly, conflicting recommendations have been produced on potassium para-aminobenzoate. While the CUA considers potassium para-aminobenzoate potentially useful in slowing PD progression, the AUA deems the evidence insufficient. Conversely, both the International Society for Sexual Medicine and European Association of Urology do not recommend its use.

Conclusion
This critical comparative analysis of the most recent guidelines produced by the leading scientific societies highlights some inconsistencies in the recommendations on nutraceutical intervention for PD, even within a background of overall ineffectiveness of this treatment approach.
(Joint) Bank Savings, Female Empowerment, and Child Labor in Rural Ethiopia
Authors: Galdo Jose 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study examines whether the random allocation of single and joint savings accounts to cash crop farmers in rural Ethiopia is associated with increased savings and changes in decision-making authority and control over resources that could ultimately affect child labor and schooling resource allocations. Consistent with posited channels of intrahousehold bargaining models, women from households assigned to the joint saving treatment group show significant gains in autonomy and control of savings resources, broader financial empowerment, and increased labor participation. Positive effects on school participation and attendance are reported for girls, although point estimates are measured imprecisely. In a setting where schooling and child labor are not mutually exclusive, children work more when joint deposit accounts are available. In the absence of impacts on household income, this increase in child labor is explained by complementarities between adult farm labor and child labor in the household production function, which is reinforced by lumpy investments in labor-intensive agricultural inputs that likely increased the opportunity costs of children's time.
The Likelihood That Remedial Continuing Medical Education (CME) Reduces Disciplinary Recidivism Among Physicians
Authors: Arnhart Katie , Wenghofer Elizabeth , Pei Xiaomei , Young Aaron 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
State medical boards are charged through their medical practice acts to regulate physician practice and, when necessary, discipline physicians for incompetent or inappropriate behavior. Boards often authorize remedial continuing medical education (CME) as part of a disciplinary action; however, it is unclear how effective remedial CME is in reducing the likelihood of physicians receiving additional discipline. This study examined the relationship between physicians who were required to complete remedial CME as part of their first discipline by state medical boards and the likelihood of additional discipline.

Method
The national-level sample included 4,061 MD-physicians whose first discipline included license restrictions, probation, or other conditions imposed by state medical boards between 2011 and 2015. A multivariate logistic regression model examined whether physicians required to complete remedial CME as part of their first discipline were less likely to receive additional discipline by boards within 5 years.

Results
Of the 4,061 physicians, 36% (n = 1,449) were required to complete remedial CME as part of their first discipline, and 35% (n = 1,426) received additional discipline within 5 years. After accounting for other factors, physicians who were required to complete remedial CME as part of their first discipline by boards were less likely to receive additional discipline (odds ratio, 0.597; 95% confidence interval, 0.513–0.696; P < .001) within 5 years compared to physicians who were not required to complete remedial CME.

Conclusions
Findings support remedial CME as a means to help reduce physician disciplinary recidivism in certain circumstances. Physicians required to complete remedial CME as part of their first discipline were less likely to receive additional discipline by state medical boards within 5 years.