bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of 3D CISS sequence for problem solving in neuroimaging
Authors: Hingwala Divyata , Chatterjee Somnath , Kesavadas Chandrasekharan , Thomas Bejoy , Kapilamoorthy Tirur Raman 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) constructive interference in steady state (CISS) is a gradient-echo MRI sequence that is used to investigate a wide range of pathologies when routine MRI sequences do not provide the desired anatomic information. The increased sensitivity of the 3D CISS sequence is an outcome of the accentuation of the T2 values between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and pathological structures. Apart from its well-recognized applications in the evaluation of the cranial nerves, CSF rhinorrhea and aqueduct stenosis, we have found the CISS sequence to be useful for the cisternal spaces, cavernous sinuses and the ventricular system, where it is useful for detecting subtle CSF-intensity lesions that may be missed on routine spin-echo sequences. This information helps in the management of these conditions. After a brief overview of the physics behind this sequence, we illustrate its clinical applications with representative cases and discuss its potential role in imaging protocols.
Emphysematous cholecystitis: Imaging findings in nine patients
Authors: Sunnapwar Abhijit , Raut Abhijit A , Nagar Arpit M , Katre Rashmi 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Objective: Emphysematous cholecystitis is a severe form of acute cholecystitis and can be rapidly fatal. We present the imaging features of nine patients with proven emphysematous cholecystitis.
Detection of amyloid in abdominal fat pad aspirates in early amyloidosis: Role of electron microscopy and Congo red stained cell block sections
Authors: Devata Sumana , Hari Parameswaran , Markelova Natalia , Li Rongshan , Komorowski Richard , Shidham Vinod B. 
Published: June 2011

Background:
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) of the abdominal fat pad is a minimally invasive procedure to demonstrate tissue deposits of amyloid. However, protocols to evaluate amyloid in fat pad aspirates are not standardized, especially for detecting scant amyloid in early disease.

Materials and Methods:
We studied abdominal fat pad aspirates from 33 randomly selected patients in whom subsequent tissue biopsy, autopsy, and/or medical history for confirmation of amyloidosis (AL) were also available. All these cases were suspected to have early AL, but had negative results on abdominal fat pad aspirates evaluated by polarizing microscopy of Congo Red stained sections (CRPM). The results with CRPM between four reviewers were compared in 12 cases for studying inter observer reproducibility. 24 cases were also evaluated by ultrastructural study with electron microscopy (EM).

Results:
Nine of thirty-three (27%) cases reported negative by polarizing microscopy had amyloidosis. Reanalysis of 12 mixed positive-negative cases, showed considerable inter-observer variability with frequent lack of agreement between four observers by CRPM alone (Cohen's Kappa index of 0.1, 95% CI -0.1 to 0.36). EM showed amyloid in the walls of small blood vessels in fibroadipose tissue in four out of nine cases (44%) with amyloidosis.

Conclusion:
In addition to poor inter-observer reproducibility, CRPM alone in cases with scant amyloid led to frequent false negative results (9 out of 9, 100%). For improved detection of AL, routine ultrastructural evaluation with EM of fat pad aspirates by evaluating at least 15 small blood vessels in the aspirated fibroadipose tissue is recommended. Given the high false negative rate for CRPM alone in early disease, routine reflex evaluation with EM is highly recommended to avert the invasive option of biopsying various organs in cases with high clinical suspicion for AL.
Cavity Preparation with Er:YAG Laser or Rotary Instruments: Investigation of the Composite Resin Restorations Interface
Authors: Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Huhtala Maria Filomena Rocha Lima , de Araújo Maria Amélia Máximo , Teixeira Simone Cristina , Araújo Rodrigo Máximo de 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the sealing of composite resin restorations after cavity preparation with high speed diamonds burs or Er:YAG laser. Two different adhesive systems were used; conventional and self-etching. Seventy bovine incisors were divided into groups according to the cavity treatment (N = 10): G1 (bur + acid + Excite); G2 (bur + One Up); G3 (bur + laser + Excite); G3 (bur + laser + One Up); G4 (laser + acid + Excite); G5 (laser + One Up) and G6 (laser + Excite). Restorations were performed with Filtek Z250 3M/ESPE. The specimes were then thermocycled and placed in a vacuum machine, at a negative atmosphere of 20 inch Hg for 5 minutes, for removal of entrapped air. This procedure was followed by immersion in a 50% silver nitrate solution. The teeth were sectioned and the evaluation of the marginal leakage was performed in a light stereomicroscope. The results were submitted to the ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests. It was concluded that preparations performed with high-speed turbines and Er:YAG laser presented the same performance; preparations with Er:YAG laser submitted to acid-etching and conventional adhesive system presented high values of marginal leakage, with statistical significance; conventional and self-etching adhesive systems presented the same performance as to marginal microleakage.
Effectiveness of Three Different Toothpaste Formulations in Reduction of Plaque and Gingivitis: A Comparative Clinical Study
Authors: Bhardwaj Amit , Bhardwaj Shalu V 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
The role of dental plaque in gingivitis and periodontitis is well established. It is commonly observed that daily brushing often fails to achieve and maintain optimum gingival health. In order to improve the efficacy of the self-performed mechanical tooth cleaning procedure, antimicrobial substances like chlorhexidine, metallic ions, fluorides and various phenolic compounds have been evaluated, as such adjuvants in clinical trials that have been added to dentifrice used during tooth brushing. Triclosan (2, 4, 4' trichloro-2'hydroxyphenylether) is a nonionic antibacterial agent with broad spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Recently, triclosan was introduced in toothpaste and mouth rinses for control of plaque and gingivitis. However, maximum antiplaque activity is shown when triclosan is used in combination with agents like copolymer polyvinyl methyl ether maleic acid (PVM/MA). The PVM/MA copolymer retains the triclosan on the soft and hard surfaces of the oral cavity for several hours. This study aims in proving efficacy of triclosan copolymer toothpaste over the triclosan alone and non-triclosan toothpaste in reduction of plaque and gingivitis.
Influence of Self-Etching Adhesive Systems on Restorative Material Surfaces
Authors: Barcellos Daphne Câmara , Pucci Cesar Rogério , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Gomes Ana Paula Martins , de Paiva Gonçalves Sergio Eduardo , Huhtala Maria Filomena R Lima , Silva Melissa Aline 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the microhardness of restorative materials after the use of self-etching and acid-etching adhesives. Specimens were divided into four groups: Group 1 (CR): Composite resin, Group 2 (GIC): Glass ionomer cement chemically activated, Group 3 (EC): Dual resinous cement, Group 4 (E): Dual resinous cement. Each group was divided into three subgroups, according to the type of adhesive system applied on the surface: Subgroup 1 (C): Control subgroup, Subgroup 2 (XE): Xeno III self-etching adhesive, Subgroup 3 (SB): Single bond acid-etching adhesive. Vickers microhardness analysis was performed on the surfaces and the data were submitted to the two-way ANOVA and the Tukey's test. The means for the material factor: GIC: (35.61)a; CR: (43.54)b; E: (44.65)b; EC: (50.13)c. The means for the adhesive factor: SB: (36.35)a; XE: (38.44)a; C: (55.65)b. All materials tested showed a decrease in surface hardness after application of the adhesive systems, irrespective of the system. The lowest microhardness was shown by GIC and the highest by Enforce Core.
Evaluation of Reduction in Relapse and Enhancement of Patient Compliance with Hybrid Technique of Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis: A Long-term Study
Authors: Deepak S , Rao Girish S 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTIntroduction and objectivesHybrid technique of maxillary distraction osteogenesis is the latest advance introduced to correct maxillary hypoplasia in cleft lip and palate patients. The objectives of this study was to clinically and cephalometrically evaluate the stability of advanced maxilla over a period of 3 years, after maxillary advancement with hybrid technique of distraction osteogenesis in cleft lip and palate patients, and to asses the patient compliance during the procedure.Materials and methodsTen cleft lip and palate patients having severe maxillary hypoplasia underwent surgical correction of maxillary hypoplasia using hybrid technique of distraction osteogenesis where the rigid external distraction device was immediately removed after the active distraction period, and the advanced maxilla was fixed with rigid internal fixation. Clinical and cephalometrical analyses of the craniofacial skeleton were done at the predistraction, after active distraction and 3 years postdistraction period.ResultsThe results of the clinical and cephalometrical evaluation indicated that there was an effective horizontal advancement of maxilla, increase in the length of the maxilla and a positive correction of overjet all together esthetically improving the facial profile. Three years post distraction evaluation of both the hard and soft tissue profiles indicated a very minimal relapse. All the patients had greater level of compliance after the removal of rigid external distractor and fixation of the distracted maxilla.ConclusionThis study concluded that hybrid technique of maxillary distraction osteogenesis in cleft lip and palate patients gave esthetically acceptable facial profile with minimal relapse after 3 years of follow-up and an increased level of patient compliance during the procedure.
The preparation and forming mechanism of the red blood cell‐shaped microspheres via electrospraying
Authors: Wang Lihua , Zhang Quanchao , Wang Xiaojun , Liu Jing , Yang Jie 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article successfully prepared the red blood cell‐shaped microspheres via electrospraying. The polymer solution was comprised of polyether sulfone (PES) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and the hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added to regulate and control the structure of the microspheres. When the solution concentration was 7.6 wt % and PES/PEG proportion was 10 : 5 while preparing microspheres, the shape and diameter of the microspheres was the most similar to that of erythrocyte. The results suggested that the forming mechanism of the red blood cell‐shaped microspheres be related to two aspects. One is that the microspheres had relatively weak mechanical strength because of the sponge pores internal nanostructure. The other is that the existence of residual solvents and water within the microspheres would dissolve the gel phase PES and then further weaken mechanical strength of the outer layer of the microspheres, which caused the structural changes on the top layer of the spheres, that is, the top layer collapsed, and the microspheres finally turned into the red blood cell‐shaped microspheres. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Short‐term and long‐term outcomes of interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: A series of 107 patients
Authors: Marie I. , Hatron P. Y. , Dominique S. , Cherin P. , Mouthon L. , Menard J.‐F. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to assess the characteristics and outcome of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) and to determine variables predictive of ILD deterioration in PM/DM.MethodsAmong 348 consecutive patients with PM/DM, 107 patients with ILD were identified by medical records search in 4 medical centers. All patients underwent pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and pulmonary high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan.ResultsILD onset preceded PM/DM clinical manifestations in 20 patients, was identified concurrently with PM/DM in 69 patients, and occurred after PM/DM onset in 18 patients. Patients with ILD could be divided into 3 groups according to their presenting lung manifestations: patients with acute lung disease (n = 20), patients with progressive‐course lung signs (n = 55), and asymptomatic patients with abnormalities consistent with ILD evident on PFTs and HRCT scan (n = 32). We observed that 32.7% of the patients had resolution of pulmonary disorders, whereas 15.9% experienced ILD deterioration. Factors that predicted a poor ILD prognosis were older age, symptomatic ILD, lower values of vital capacity and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, a pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia on HRCT scan and lung biopsy, and steroid‐refractory ILD. The mortality rate was higher in patients with ILD deterioration than in those without ILD deterioration (47.1% versus 3.3%).ConclusionOur findings indicate that ILD results in high morbidity in PM/DM. Our findings also suggest that more aggressive therapy may be required in PM/DM patients presenting with factors predictive of poor ILD outcome.
Genetic evidence of the regulatory role of parathyroid hormone–related protein in articular chondrocyte maintenance in an experimental mouse model
Authors: Macica Carolyn , Liang Guoying , Nasiri Ali , Broadus Arthur E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveParathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) regulates the rate of differentiation of growth chondrocytes and is also expressed in articular chondrocytes. This study tested the hypothesis that PTHrP might have a regulatory role in articular chondrocyte maintenance.MethodsControl sequences of growth differentiation factor 5 were used to delete PTHrP from articular chondrocytes in the mid‐region of mouse articular cartilage. Mice with conditional deletion of PTHrP (knockout [KO]) and littermate control mice were evaluated for degenerative changes using both a time‐course design and destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) technique. A total histologic score of degenerative changes was determined for the femoral and tibial articular surfaces (total maximum score of 60).ResultsThe time‐course study revealed degenerative changes in only a minority of the KO mice. In the DMM model, male KO mice were highly susceptible to DMM‐induced degenerative changes (mean ± SEM total histologic score 45 ± 2.7 in KO mice versus 23 ± 1.4 in controls; P < 0.0001 by Mann‐Whitney U test), with virtually no overlap between groups. PTHrP normally functions in a feedback loop with Indian hedgehog (IHH), in which a reduction in one signaling partner induces a compensatory increase in the other. A number of phenotypic and functional markers were documented in KO mice to suggest that the IHH–PTHrP axis is capable of compensating in response to a partial Cre‐driven PTHrP deletion, a finding that underscores the need to subject the mouse articular cartilage to a destabilizing challenge in order to elicit frankly degenerative findings.ConclusionPTHrP may regulate articular chondrocyte maintenance in mice.
Increased density of sympathetic nerve fibers in metabolically activated fat tissue surrounding human synovium and mouse lymph nodes in arthritis
Authors: Straub Rainer H. , Lowin Torsten , Klatt Susanne , Wolff Christine , Rauch Luise 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the density of sympathetic nerve fibers in and the metabolic activation of fat tissue surrounding human synovium in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)/osteoarthritis (OA) and in the draining lymph nodes of arthritic and normal mice.MethodsUsing immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, the density of sympathetic nerve fibers and the presence of nerve repellent factors were investigated. The metabolic activation of fat tissue was estimated by the occurrence of small‐vacuole adipocytes, expression of β3‐adrenoceptors, and adipose tissue weight.ResultsThe density of sympathetic nerve fibers was markedly increased in fat tissue surrounding RA synovium compared with that in fat tissue surrounding OA synovium. In adipose tissue adjacent to draining lymph nodes, the density of sympathetic nerve fibers was higher in arthritic mice compared with normal mice. In human synovium and mouse draining lymph nodes, the 2 sympathetic nerve repellent factors, semaphorin 3C and semaphorin 3F, were highly expressed. In arthritic compared with normal mice, the fat tissue around lymph nodes was markedly lighter, adipocytes had more fragmented lipid droplets, and fat tissue demonstrated high expression of β3‐adrenoceptors.ConclusionThis study demonstrated an increased density of sympathetic nerve fibers in metabolically activated fat tissue surrounding human RA synovium and the draining lymph nodes of arthritic mice. Because sympathetic neurotransmitters stimulate lipolysis, the repulsion of sympathetic nerve fibers from inflamed regions and their increased occurrence in fat tissue probably represent an adaptive program to support the proinflammatory process by releasing energy‐rich substrates.
Heterotrophs grown on the soluble microbial products (SMP) released by autotrophs are responsible for the nitrogen loss in nitrifying granular sludge
Authors: Ni Bing‐Jie , Xie Wen‐Ming , Chen You‐Peng , Fang Fang , Liu Shao‐Yang , Ren Ting‐Ting , Sheng Guo‐Ping , Yu Han‐Qing , Liu Gang , Tian Yang‐Chao 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this work, nitrogen loss in the nitrite oxidation step of the nitrification process in an aerobic‐granule‐based reactor was characterized with both experimental and modeling approaches. Experimental results showed that soluble microbial products (SMP) were released from the nitrite‐oxidizing granules and were utilized as a carbon source by the heterotrophs for denitrification. This was verified by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Microelectrode tests showed that oxygen diffusion limitation did result in an anoxic micro‐zone in the granules and allowed sequential utilization of nitrate as an electron acceptor for heterotrophic denitrification with SMP as a carbon source. To further elucidate the nitrogen loss mechanisms, a mathematic model was formulated to describe the growth of nitrite oxidizers, the formation and consumption of SMP, the anoxic heterotrophic growth on SMP and nitrate, as well as the oxygen transfer and the substrate diffusion in the granules. The results clearly indicate that the heterotrophs grown on the SMP released by the autotrophs are responsible for the nitrogen loss in the nitrifying granules, and give us a better understanding of the aerobic granules for nitrogen removal. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2844–2852. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Boswellic acid inhibits growth and metastasis of human colorectal cancer in orthotopic mouse model by downregulating inflammatory, proliferative, invasive and angiogenic biomarkers
Authors: Yadav Vivek R. , Prasad Sahdeo , Sung Bokyung , Gelovani Juri G. , Guha Sushovan , Krishnan Sunil , Aggarwal Bharat B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNumerous cancer therapeutics were originally identified from natural products used in traditional medicine. One such agent is acetyl‐11‐keto‐beta‐boswellic acid (AKBA), derived from the gum resin of the Boswellia serrata known as Salai guggal or Indian frankincense. Traditionally, it has been used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat proinflammatory conditions. In this report, we hypothesized that AKBA can affect the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in orthotopically implanted tumors in nude mice. We found that the oral administration of AKBA (50–200 mg/kg) dose‐dependently inhibited the growth of CRC tumors in mice, resulting in decrease in tumor volumes than those seen in vehicle‐treated mice without significant decreases in body weight. In addition, we observed that AKBA was highly effective in suppressing ascites and distant metastasis to the liver, lungs and spleen in orthotopically implanted tumors in nude mice. When examined for the mechanism, we found that markers of tumor proliferation index Ki‐67 and the microvessel density cluster of differentiation (CD31) were significantly downregulated by AKBA treatment. We also found that AKBA significantly suppressed nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation in the tumor tissue and expression of proinflammatory (cyclooxygenase‐2), tumor survival (bcl‐2, bcl‐xL, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP‐1) and survivin), proliferative (cyclin D1), invasive (intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and matrix metalloproteinase‐9) and angiogenic C‐X‐C (CXC) receptor 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor) biomarkers. When examined for serum and tissue levels of AKBA, a dose‐dependent increase in the levels of the drug was detected, indicating its bioavailability. Thus, our findings suggest that this boswellic acid analog can inhibit the growth and metastasis of human CRC in vivo through downregulation of cancer‐associated biomarkers.
Continuous perfusion culture of encapsulated hybridoma cells
Authors: Lecina Martí , Tintó Albert , Gálvez Jordi , Gòdia Francesc , Cairó Jordi J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The production of Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is often performed in batch or fed‐batch operations where low cell densities and low volumetric productivities are achieved. The main bottleneck of both processes is the short operating time with productive cells at maximum cell concentration.RESULTS: The process studied in this work is based on a fluidized‐bed bioreactor culture of encapsulated KB26.5 cells in a liquid core of calcium alginate microcapsules as a culture strategy to produce IgG3. First, DMEM medium was modified in order to protect the microcapsules from degradation, and later, the optimal operating conditions were set. Under these conditions encapsulated KB26.5 cells reached cell densities of 1.05 × 108cells mL−1 or 9.8 × 106 cells mL−1 (referred to the inner capsule volume or total bioreactor volume, respectively), and a mAb volumetric productivity of 2.75 µg mL−1 h−1.CONCLUSIONS: The productivity of encapsulated KB26.5 cells in perfusion culture was enhanced significantly in comparison with batch and fed‐batch processes. Continuous operation of the perfusion culture for periods longer than 35 days, represented a volumetric productivity about five‐fold higher than conventional operations. However, the fluidized‐bed also showed limitations such as low cell viability at high cell densities due to the mass transfer limitations of large molecules inside the microcapsules. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Cleaning secondary effluents with organoclays and activated carbon
Authors: Siebdrath Nadine , Ziskind Gennady , Gitis Vitaly 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Flocculation, adsorption and ultrafiltration, alone and in combination, were tested for tertiary treatment of Beer Sheva (southern Israel) municipal wastewater. The focus was on the adsorption of soluble organics with powdered activated carbon (PAC) and with organoclays.RESULTS: Adsorption on 0.6 g L−1 octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (ODTMA) ‐ bentonite and flocculation with 130 mg L−1 FeCl3 reduced the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) level by 46%, and that was the highest DOC retention obtained with the organoclays. Retention achieved with 0.6 g L−1 PAC and 130 mg L−1 FeCl3 was 65%. Filtration through a more hydrophobic PVDF‐30 membrane for 30 min resulted in 35–40% flux drop. A reasonable 6–7% flux reduction was obtained with filtration through a more hydrophilic PS‐50 membrane.CONCLUSION: Oganoclays at low doses are a good target adsorbent for single low molecular weight molecules. On average, higher TOC retention was achieved with PAC. Introduction of adsorption as a pre‐treatment step can lead to minimization of flux losses, reduced demand for flocculation and improved economics of the entire treatment. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry