bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of VKORC1 single nucleotide polymorphism in wildRattus norvegicusin France
Authors: Grandemange Agnes , Lasseur Romain , Longin‐Sauvageon Christiane , Benoit Etienne , Berny Philippe 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Anticoagulant rodenticides are commonly used to control rodent pests all over the world. These pesticides inhibit one enzyme of the vitamin K cycle,Vkorc1, and thus prevent blood clotting and cause death by haemorrhage. Resistance to anticoagulants was first observed in Scotland in 1958, and more potent anticoagulants have been developed to overcome this obstacle. Unfortunately, these chemicals are very toxic and cannot be used everywhere. Some authors have shown that resistance to anticoagulants seems closely linked with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in theVkorc1gene.RESULTS:This study draws a map of SNP and haplotypes found inVkorc1in rats from different areas of France. Some of them had never been described before. Moreover, the Y139F mutation, described previously in France and Belgium, is the most frequent in France. This mutation is known to be associated with a strong resistance to anticoagulants, and it was found in 28% of the samples.CONCLUSION:This biomolecular approach to studying and detecting resistance is easier to carry out than the phenotypic approach measuring blood coagulation time because it can be conducted on biological samples from dead animals, and it is less dangerous for the operator. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of feedback delay on learning
Authors: Rahmandad Hazhir , Repenning Nelson , Sterman John 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUnderstanding barriers to organizational learning is central to understanding firm performance. We investigate the role of time delays between taking an action and observing the results in impeding learning. These delays, ubiquitous in real‐world settings, are relevant to tradeoffs between long term and short term. We build four learning heuristics, with different levels of complexity and rationality, and analyze their performance in a simple resource allocation task. All reliably converge to the optimal solution when there are no/short delays, and when those delays are correctly assessed. However, learning is slowed significantly when decision makers err in assessing the length of the delay. In many cases, the decision maker never finds the optimal solution, wandering in the action space or converging to a suboptimal allocation. Results are robust to the organization's level of rationality. The proposed heuristics can be applied to a range of problems for modeling learning from experience in the presence of delays. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Securing the signaling plane in beyond 3G networks: analysis of performance overheads
Authors: Tonesi D. S. , Salgarelli L. , Tortelli A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Third‐generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 6 is an important step towards next generation mobile networks, integrating the IP Multimedia Subsystem, a core network completely based on IETF protocols. At the same time, the access network is being redefined to be able to support a variety of different wireless technologies, enabling the use of new, multi‐interface, powerful end‐devices. Security will necessarily represent a critical issue for the success of this new architecture, especially for the signaling plane, where the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) plays a key role. SIP does not offer any built‐in security features, therefore 3GPP technical specifications require SIP to be protected by IPSec security associations. This can lead to significant computational and spatial overheads both in the core network and in the terminals, which might affect their performance. In this paper we analyze the overheads due to security mechanisms designed to protect signaling in Beyond‐3G core networks and mobile terminals. We show that in both cases such overheads can have a significant effect on the performance of the entire architecture. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep consistency and sufficiency: are both necessary for less psychological strain?
Authors: Barber Larissa K. , Munz David C. , Bagsby Patricia G. , Powell Eric D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUsing the integrated self‐regulatory strength approach to the benefits of sleep over time, we proposed that early‐week sleep sufficiency (average sleep duration) and early‐week sleep consistency (variation in sleep duration) interact to predict the greatest buffer against late‐week psychological strain. Results supported the hypothesized interaction, even when controlling for factors relating to circadian rhythm disruptions and sleep quality. Specifically, the benefits of sufficient sleep are best obtained through consistent sleep resource replenishment, and consistent sleep practices require a sufficient amount of sleep to mitigate the experience of strain. This study provided preliminary evidence that sleep as a technique for resource replenishment alone may not be enough to reduce psychological strain. Continued exploration of the potential resource‐enhancement aspect of consistent sleep may be a fruitful avenue of stress management research. Much like other routine activities that have shown to increase self‐regulatory strength, consistent sleep may serve as an effective strain intervention, thereby preventing negative acute and chronic health effects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human CMP-N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Hydroxylase Is a Novel Stem Cell Marker Linked to Stem Cell-Specific Mechanisms
Authors: Nystedt Johanna , Anderson Heidi , Hirvonen Tia , Impola Ulla , Jaatinen Taina , Heiskanen Annamari , Blomqvist Maria , Satomaa Tero , Natunen Jari , Saarinen Juhani , Lehenkari Petri , Valmu Leena , Laine Jarmo 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Human stem cells contain substantial amounts of the xenoantigen N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), although the levels of Neu5Gc are low or undetectable in human body fluids and most other human tissues. The lack of Neu5Gc in human tissues has been previously explained by the loss of hydroxylase activity of the human CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) protein caused by a genetic error in the human Cmah gene. We thus wanted to investigate whether the human redundant Cmah gene could still function in stem cell-specific processes. In this study, we show that CMAH gene expression is significantly upregulated in the adult stem cell populations studied, both of hematopoietic and mesenchymal origin, and identify CMAH as a novel stem cell marker. The CMAH content co-occurs with higher levels of Neu5Gc within stem cells as measured by mass spectrometric profiling. It seems that despite being enzymatically inactive, human CMAH may upregulate the Neu5Gc content of cells by enhancing Neu5Gc uptake from exogenous sources. Furthermore, exposure to exogenous Neu5Gc caused rapid phosphorylation of β-catenin in both CMAH overexpressing cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, thereby inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The data demonstrate the first molecular evidence for xenoantigen Neu5Gc-induced alteration of crucial stem cell-specific signaling systems for the maintenance of self renewal. These results add further emphasis to the crucial need for completely xenofree culturing conditions for human stem cells.
A Novel Signaling by Vitamin A/Retinol Promotes Self Renewal of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by Activating PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway via Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor
Authors: Chen Liguo , Khillan Jaspal S. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells are a potential source of all types of cells for regenerative medicine. ES cells maintain pluripotency through a complex interplay of different signaling pathways and transcription factors, including leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), Nanog, Sox2, and Oct3/4. Nanog, however, plays a key role in maintaining the pluripotency of mouse and human ES cells. Phosphoinositde 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway which is activated in response to growth factors and cytokines also plays a critical role in promoting the survival and proliferation of ES cells. Our earlier studies revealed that retinol, the alcohol form of vitamin A, enhances the expression of Nanog and prevents differentiation of ES cells in long-term cultures. Normally vitamin A/retinol is associated with cell differentiation via its potent metabolite, retinoic acid. Thus far, no direct function has been ascribed to retinol itself. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that retinol directly activates phosphoinositide three (PI3) kinase signaling pathway through IGF-1 receptor/insulin receptor substrate one (IRS-1) by engaging Akt/PKB-mTORC1 mammalian target of rapamycin-2 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2), indicating a growth factor-like function of vitamin A. Furthermore, ES cells do not express enzymes to metabolize retinol into retinoic acid and lack receptors for retinol transport into the cytoplasm, indicating that retinol signaling is independent of retinoic acid. This study presents a novel system to investigate how extracellular signals control the self renewal of ES cells which will be important for high-quality ES cells for regenerative medicine.
A study on vortex‐induced vibration of supertall buildings in acrosswind
Authors: Liu Tingting , Zhang Wenshou , Yue Qianjin 
Published: November 2009

SUMMARYModern tall buildings using innovative structural systems and high‐strength materials tend to be slender and lightly damped. Hence, they are vulnerable to the dynamic action of wind. Crosswind excitation on tall buildings can result in aeroelastic problems. Vortex‐induced vibration (VIV) is the prime problem in self‐excited vibration of the flexible structures, and it should be especially observed in order to avoid the ultimate limit state in the design stage. In order to predict the vortex‐induced response of a supertall building in China with the single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) mathematical model, wind tunnel tests were carried out with an improved aeroelastic model according to the similitude. The measured top acceleration of the structure showed that VIV was quite significant at some wind speeds and should be considered in the design. Based on the experimental data, the aerodynamic parameters were determined and the characteristics of VIV were investigated in some details. The time history of acceleration at the lock‐in wind speed was then obtained using the Runge–Kutta method with the SDOF model. The numerical results are in accordance with the measurements. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autocovariance
Authors: Brockwell P. J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this article the definition, properties, and applications of the autocovariance function of a stationary time series are reviewed. Particular attention is given to univariate and multivariate stationary sequences and to univariate continuous‐time stationary processes. Numerous illustrative examples are given. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Data: Types and Structure > Time Series, Stochastic Processes, and Functional Data
Interventional oncology: new options for interstitial treatments and intravascular approaches
Authors: Ko Gi‐Young , Hwang Shin , Sung Kyu‐Bo , Gwon Dong‐Il , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractExtensive hepatic resection is often associated with post‐hepatectomy liver failure. Owing to the regenerative capacity of the liver, preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) has been proposed to increase the functional mass of the non‐embolized liver segments that will remain in situ after surgery. However, in some patients, hypertrophy of the non‐embolized liver segments following PVE is insufficient to support major hepatectomy. Several studies have demonstrated alternative techniques for inducing hypertrophy of the non‐embolized liver segments, including PVE in conjunction with hepatic arterial embolization or hepatic vein embolization in conjunction with PVE. Investigation of new techniques for inducing hypertrophy of the future liver remnant can reasonably be expected to expand the selection criteria for extensive hepatic resection.
Interventional oncology: new options for interstitial treatments and intravascular approaches
Authors: Liapi Eleni , Geschwind Jean‐Francois 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecent research in tumor metabolism has uncovered cancer‐cell‐specific pathways that cancer cells depend on for energy production. 3‐Bromopyruvate (3‐BrPA), a specific alkylating agent and potent ATP inhibitor, has been shown both in vitro and in vivo to disrupt some of these cancer‐specific metabolic pathways, thereby leading to the demise of the cancer cells through apoptosis. 3‐BrPA has been successfully tested in animal models of liver cancer. For optimal results, 3‐BrPA can be delivered intra‐arterially, with minimal toxicity to the surrounding hepatic parenchyma. In the era of development of drugs with lower toxicity for the treatment of liver cancer, inhibition of cancer metabolism with 3‐BrPA appears to be a very attractive potent novel therapeutic option.
Early and Sustained Enrichment of Serum n‐3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Dogs Fed a Flaxseed Supplemented Diet
Authors: Dunbar Brent L. , Bigley Karen E. , Bauer John E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA study was conducted in dogs to assess n‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation after feeding an α‐linolenic (ALA)‐rich flaxseed supplemented diet (FLX) for 84 days. Serum total phospholipids (PL), triacylglycerol (TG), and cholesteryl esters (CE) were isolated at selected times and fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed. Increased LA was seen in the FLX‐PL fraction after 28 days and an expected decrease in PL–AA. Enrichment of ALA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid n‐3 (DPAn‐3) in the FLX‐group occurred early on (day 4) in both PL and TG fractions but no docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was found, consistent with data from other species including humans. In contrast, no accumulation of DPAn‐3 was seen in serum‐CE, suggesting that this fatty acid does not participate in reverse‐cholesterol transport. The accumulation of DPAn‐3 in fasting PL and TG fractions is likely due to post‐absorptive secretion after tissue synthesis. Because conversion of DPAn‐3 to DHA occurs in canine neurologic tissues, this DPAn‐3 may provide a circulating reservoir for DHA synthesis in such tissues. The absence of DPAn‐3 in serum‐CE suggests that such transport may be unidirectional. Although conversion of DPAn‐3 to DHA is slow in most species, one‐way transport of DPAn‐3 in the circulation may help conserve this fatty acid as a substrate for DHA synthesis in brain and retinal tissues especially when dietary intakes of DHA are low.
Integrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Kolka-54 core, Latvia
Authors: LOYDELL D. K. , NESTOR V. , MÄNNIK P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIntegrated graptolite, conodont and chitinozoan biostratigraphical data are presented from the Llandovery and Wenlock of the Kolka-54 core, Latvia. Correlations between graptolite and chitinozoan biozones are consistent with those published from other East Baltic sections and the Welsh Basin. While most correlations between graptolite and conodont biozones agree with those presented in previous studies, there are important exceptions. Significantly, we report here the discovery ofDistomodus staurognathoidesBiozone conodonts in the lowest AeronianDemirastrites triangulatusgraptolite Biozone. The base of theD. staurognathoidesBiozone was previously considered to lie much higher in the Aeronian. Also it is shown thatWalliserodussurvived the late Wenlock Mulde Event, during which it was considered previously to have become extinct.
FINANCE, LOCALISM, AND MILITARY REPRESENTATION IN THE ARMY OF THE EARL OF ESSEX (JUNE–DECEMBER 1642)
Authors: GRAHAM AARON 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTWork on the ‘county community’ during the English Civil War, and tensions between centre and periphery, has focused exclusively upon forms of political and cultural representation. However, this article argues that local communities also sought to achieve agency within the wider war effort by lobbying for military representation. In return for financial contributions, supporters wanted an ‘interest’ in the units they raised, mainly through control over the nomination of officers. The history of the army of the earl of Essex between June and December 1642 indicates the financial consequences of neglecting such military representation. Its structure dissolved particularist interests, orientating the army towards the pursuit of a national strategy, but this gave local supporters no confidence that their concerns were being represented. The result was an assertion of localism, a decline in donations, and a financial crisis within the army.
Notes on the Fishing Industry of Plymouth
Authors: Heape Walter 
Published: November 2009

In the following Notes on the Fishing Industry of Plymouth the information obtained is divided into three sections, which are again subdivided as follows:I.—Methods of fishing, localities fished, and fish caught. There are eleven different methods of fishing carried on in Plymouth:1. Beam trawling. 2. Drift-net fishing. 3. Moored-net fishing. 4. Seine fishing. 5. Bultering, or long-line fishing. 6. Hand-line fishing. 7. Eel spearing. 8. Mullet trapping. 9. Crab and lobster fishing. 10. Shrimp and prawn fishing. 11. Oyster, mussel, and cockle fishing.
Investigating differential symptom profiles in major depressive episode with and without generalized anxiety disorder: true co-morbidity or symptom similarity?
Authors: Sunderland M. , Mewton L. , Slade T. , Baillie A. J. 
Published: November 2009

BackgroundLarge community-based epidemiological surveys have consistently identified high co-morbidity between major depressive episode (MDE) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Some have suggested that this co-morbidity may be artificial and the product of the current diagnostic system. Because of the added direct and indirect costs associated with co-morbidity, it is important to investigate whether methods of diagnostic classification are artificially increasing the level of observed co-morbidity.MethodThe item response theory (IRT) log-likelihood ratio procedure was used to test for differential item functioning (DIF) of MDE symptoms between respondents with and without a diagnosis of GAD in the 2001–2002 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC).ResultsThe presence of GAD significantly increased the chances of reporting any symptom of MDE, with odds ratios ranging from 2.54 to 5.36. However, there was no indication of significant DIF of MDE symptoms in respondents with and without GAD.ConclusionsThe lack of any significant DIF indicates that cases with GAD do not present with a distinct MDE symptom profile, one that is consistent with the endorsement of symptoms that are conceptually similar in nature between the two disorders, compared to cases without GAD. This does not support the hypothesis that co-morbidity between MDE and GAD is artificially inflated because of the similar symptom criteria required by the current diagnostic system. Instead, MDE and GAD may be thought of as two distinct diagnostic entities that frequently co-occur because of a shared underlying trait.
Sufficient conditions under which a transitive system is chaotic
Authors: AKIN E. , GLASNER E. , HUANG W. , SHAO S. , YE X. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLet (X,T) be a topologically transitive dynamical system. We show that if there is a subsystem (Y,T) of (X,T) such that (X×Y,T×T) is transitive, then (X,T) is strongly chaotic in the sense of Li and Yorke. We then show that many of the known sufficient conditions in the literature, as well as a few new results, are corollaries of this statement. In fact, the kind of chaotic behavior we deduce in these results is a much stronger variant of Li–Yorke chaos which we call uniform chaos. For minimal systems we show, among other results, that uniform chaos is preserved by extensions and that a minimal system which is not uniformly chaotic is PI.
Multiple positive solutions for an unbounded Dirichlet boundary problem involving sign-changing weight
Authors: Wu Tsung-fang 
Published: November 2009

We study the multiplicity of positive solutions for the following semilinear elliptic equation:where 1 < q < 2 < p < 2* (2* = 2N/(N − 2) if N ≥ 3, 2* = ∞ if N = 2), the parameters λ, μ ≥ 0, is an infinite strip in ℝN and Θ is a bounded domain in ℝN−1 We assume that fλ(x) = λf+(x) + f−(x) and gμ(x) = a(x) + μb(x), where the functions f±, a and b satisfy suitable conditions.
Clinical pharmacology of analgesics in old age and frailty
Authors: Mitchell Sarah J , Hilmer Sarah N , McLachlan Andrew J 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThere is a high prevalence of pain in older people. Optimal assessment and management of pain in this population is challenging. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of analgesic medications are affected by ageing and frailty, as well as by intercurrent medical conditions and their treatments. This review describes what is currently understood about the impacts of old age and frailty on the clinical pharmacology of commonly used analgesics, to provide a rational basis for the use of these medicines. In view of the wide age-related inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of analgesic medications, monitoring of clinical response and adverse effects is essential to optimize pain control in older people.
Androgen regulation of the prostatic tumour suppressor NKX3.1 is mediated by its 3′ untranslated region
Authors: Thomas Marc A. , Preece Darren M. , Bentel Jacqueline M. 
Published: November 2009

The homeodomain transcription factor NKX3.1 is a prostate-specific tumour suppressor, expression of which is reduced or undetectable in the majority of metastatic prostate tumours. In the normal prostate and in prostate cancer cells, NKX3.1 expression is under tight androgenic control that we have shown to be mediated by its ~2.5 kb 3′UTR (3′ untranslated region). Reporter deletion analysis of the NKX3.1 3′UTR identified three regions that were transactivated by DHT (5α-dihydrotestosterone) in the AR (androgen receptor)-expressing prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Reversal of DHT effects by the anti-androgen bicalutamide supported an AR-mediated mechanism, and bioinformatic analysis of the NKX3.1 3′UTR identified canonical AREs (androgen-response elements) in each of the androgen-responsive regions. EMSAs (electrophoretic mobility-shift assays) indicated binding of the AR DNA-binding domain to two of the AREs, a proximal ARE at +2378–2392 from the transcription start site, and a more distal ARE at +3098–3112. ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) analysis provided further evidence of ligand-dependent recruitment of endogenous AR to sequence encompassing each of the two elements, and site-directed mutagenesis and deletion analysis confirmed the contribution of each of the AREs in reporter assays. The present studies have therefore demonstrated that the NKX3.1 3′UTR functions as an androgen-responsive enhancer, with the proximal ARE contributing the majority and the distal ARE providing a smaller, but significant, proportion of the androgen responsiveness of the NKX3.1 3′UTR. Characterization of androgen-responsive regions of the NKX3.1 gene will assist in the identification of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that lead to the deregulation of NKX3.1 expression in advanced prostate cancers.