bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of thermal resistance network model in optimization design of micro‐channel cooling heat sink
Authors: Shaoi Baodong , Wang Lifeng , Li Jianyun , Sun Zhaowei 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to optimize the configuration sizes of micro‐channel cooling heat sink using the thermal resistance network model. The optimized micro‐channel heat sink is simulated by computational fluid dynamics method, and the total thermal resistance is calculated to compare with that of thermal resistance network model.Design/methodology/approachTaking the thermal resistance and the pressure drop as goal functions, a multi‐objective optimization model was proposed for the micro‐channel cooling heat sink based on the thermal resistance net work model. The Sequential Quadratic Programming procedure was used to do the optimization design of the structure size of the micro‐channel. The optimized micro‐channel heat sink was numerically simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software.FindingsFor the heat sink to cool a chip with the sizes of L × W = 2.5 mm × 2.5 mm and the power of 8 W, the optimized width and height of the micro‐channel are 154 μm and 1,000 μm, respectively, and its corresponding total thermal resistance is 8.255 K/W. According to the simulation results, the total thermal resistance of whole micro‐channel heat sink Rtotal is 7.596 K/W, which agrees well with the analysis result of thermal resistance network model.Research limitations/implicationsThe convection heat transfer coefficient is calculated approximatively here for convenience, and that may induce some errors. Originality/value –The maximum difference in temperature of the optimized micro‐channel cooling heat sink is 59.064 K, which may satisfy the requirement for removal of high heat flux in new‐generation chips.
Strategic renewal: how an organization realigned structure with strategy
Authors: Zand Dale E. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThis disguised case of a unit of a Fortune 500 firm aims to consider two core questions when considering the decision of whether it's time to renew a corporate strategy. They are: Does the strategy truly fit the current business environment? and Is a change in the organizational structure required to fit the intended strategy?Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses “Wyler Company,” a business that was lulled into complacency by prospects of seemingly steady growth, to examine whether the firm's current structure is aligned with leadership's intended strategy.FindingsA self‐directed study process revealed that the intended strategy had been gradually subverted as the organization grew in complexity and specialization. Management quickly developed a consensus that favored a dramatic change in the organization's structure.Research limitations/implicationsThe author was a consultant to an oil exploration and production unit of a Fortune 500 company during a period when many of the critical decisions studied by this disguised case were made.Practical implicationsManagement needs to continually monitor the gap between implemented and intended strategy, which often increases as the organization evolves a specialized structure to primarily pursue near‐term gains.Originality/valueTop management's need to analyze whether the operating structure is aligned with its intended strategy for a dynamic business environment is not an unusual problem. When competition increases, many firms change their structure to concentrate on a few profitable activities. This response, though, can inadvertently subvert their intended strategy.
Panel modelling of retail yields in Asia‐Pacific cities
Authors: Tsolacos Sotiris , Kim Kyung‐Min , Peng Ruijue 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the variation and dispersion of prime retail yields in eight Asia‐Pacific centres. It seeks to provide empirical evidence on the significance of real estate and capital market influences as systematic drivers of retail yields in the sample of eight cities. The aim is to build a model that enables market participants to obtain base case yield forecasts.Design/methodology/approachA panel model is deployed in this study utilising a database of yields of eight years (2001‐2007). The small number of observations for retail yields across cities is addressed with this approach, which combines time‐series and cross‐section data. A fixed‐effect specification allows for city specific influences that partially capture the heterogeneity of cities in the sample. Within this framework the influence of time varying factors across markets and random effects on yields is examined.FindingsThe empirical estimates established significant influences from real rent growth and interest rates on retail yields explaining 78 per cent of their variation when allowed for fixed effects. Systematic time influences and market size are not significant. Retail yields are found fairly sensitive to long‐term interest (LTI) rates with 1 per cent change in LTI rates resulting in an over 80 basis points shift in yields. In general, investors should be aware of interest rate shocks as these can move retail yields in the region significantly. Based on the actual and simulated values for 2007 Shanghai and Hong Kong are broadly fairly priced. In Tokyo, Sydney and Singapore retail yields are somewhat lower than the simulated values, which are attributed to greater liquidity and transparency in these markets than indicating over‐pricing. In Delhi, the prime yield above the actual a sign of a possible outward movement is found. Beijing appears under‐priced. Finally, in Mumbai, which has the highest yield in the sample, the simulated yield is below actual as per 2007. An adjustment may not be expected as this difference is attributed to the pricing of supply risks in this market.Originality/valueThis study addresses the dearth of research work on retail yields in the Asia‐Pacific region. Through the panel methodology proposed market participants can obtain fundamentals‐based forecasts for prime retail yields in the sample of the eight cities, understand the exposure to interest rate movements and make calls as to whether markets are mispriced. The study shows that pooling data and panel techniques represent a good option to study market dynamics in situations of small datasets.
The relative importance of sector and regional factors in Italy
Authors: Gabrielli Laura , Lee Stephen 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe relative benefit of sector and regional diversification is a topic of continuing interest to academics, however, the issue has not previously been investigated in Italy. Additionally, previous studies have used geographically defined regions, rather than economically functional areas, when performing the analysis even though most would argue that it is the economic structure of the area that will lead to differences in demand and hence property performance. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to use the economically defined regions of Italy to test the relative benefits of regional diversification versus sector diversification within the Italian real estate portfolio.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses the dummy variable methodology of Heston and Rouwenhorst on the sector and regional affiliation of 27 cities in Italy using annual data over the period 1989 to 2007 for three property‐type: residential, retail and offices and four economically defined regions: the North West, the North East, the Centre of Italy and the South and Islands.FindingsIn contrast, to previous studies it is found that the sector and regional factors effect the returns of properties in Italy in almost equal measure, which is probably a result of using the diverse economic regions of Italy rather than arbitrary geographically locations. Nonetheless, the results show that the sector factor has started to dominate the regional effect in Italy since 1997.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to study the relative benefits of sector and regional diversification in Italy. Additionally, this is the first paper to use regions which are defined on an economic functional basis rather than a geographical basis. The results suggest that, unlike managers in other countries, Italian real estate managers need to monitor both the regional and sector composition of their portfolios.
Union for the Mediterranean: how realistic an exercise in foresight?
Authors: Richardson Jacques 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to determine the feasibility of binding, politically, economically and culturally, the Mediterranean Sea's southern and northern coasts.Design/methodology/approachThe paper evokes the gains and limitations of such an undertaking.FindingsThe paper finds that the initiative may be premature, but a formal relationship should strengthen ties between the new Europe and industrializing portions of North Africa and the western Middle East.Originality/valueStrong efforts by one European leader to rationalize the relationships of the European Union with nearly two‐dozen Islamic States hold promise politically, economically and perhaps culturally.
Pushed to the abyss of exclusion: ICT and social exclusion in developing countries
Authors: Tambulasi Richard I.C. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the extent to which information communication technologies (ICTs) have worked as instruments of perpetuating social exclusion in developing countries.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses theoretical and conceptual analysis method based on an extensive survey of literature. It greatly draws from the theoretical and empirical insights of social policy sub disciplines of social inclusion/exclusion and social aspects of ICTs.FindingsThe paper finds that ICTs in developing countries work to further social marginalization and exclusion. The argument is that developing countries already experience high levels of social exclusion and as a result, ICTs deepen this exclusion.Originality/valueTheoretically, the paper contributes to the development of literature on the impacts of ICTs in developing countries which are in most cases only assumed. The paper is also pivotal for policy analysis purposes as it informs policy makers on appropriate interventions that can ensure sustainable integration of the socially excluded groups in developing countries. In addition, this paper creates a research sub area for further empirical analysis.
The presentation of a network model for the development of innovation in R&D centers
Authors: Noori S. , Jafari M. , Fathian M. , Ebrahimi M. , Fesharaki M. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe growing complexity and pace of industrial technological changes are forcing firms to forge new alliances and to respond more efficiently to the market changes. This process is leading some companies toward more strategic joint integration with others. The development of new engineering‐based products is one of the key factors in both corporate and national success. The importance of the new product development process to corporate success is now firmly recognized. It is reflected in continuing interest so as to how this process might be most effectively and efficiently “managed.” This paper aims to investigate this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology of research is soft system methodology (SSM) and statistical. This paper, first, reviews the role of innovation, relationship between time/cost of production, effective factors of product efficiency. Then, using SSM, the authors introduces an integrated network model innovation based on internal and external organizational elements when it applies to the research and development complex environment of engineering‐based new product development programs.FindingsWhile previous attempts in modelizing the process of innovation was not adequate in view of the increasing complexity, changing conditions are now influencing the innovation process.Originality/valueThe paper discusses the evolution, changing perceptions and changing practices of what constitutes the dominant model of best practice in the innovation process.
The role of switching costs on service loyalty: a canonical correlation analysis
Authors: He Yanqun , Cheung Shuk‐Man , Tse Siu‐Keung 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThere have been mixed results regarding the impacts of satisfaction, service quality and service value on consumer loyalty. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating effects of switching costs between the three antecedents and consumer loyalty via four loyalty dimensions, i.e. repurchase intentions, appreciating behavior, complaining behavior, and price‐increase tolerance.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual framework is developed where the canonical correlations among the antecedents and components of consumer loyalty are analyzed. Three hypothesis sets are proposed and tested based on 12 service industries in Hong Kong markets.FindingsThe findings provide strong evidence of the moderating effects on repurchase preference, but only partial support on the other three loyalty dimensions.Practical implicationsThe above findings enable managers to adjust their strategies in response to varying levels of switching costs among services, which affect the relationships between the three primary antecedents and repurchase preference.Originality/valueConsumer loyalty is considered as an important source of competitive advantages for service firms. Although potential antecedents of loyalty, including satisfaction, service quality and service value, have been identified, their influences on loyalty vary among different service industries. This research highlights the moderating effects of switching costs on the four consumer loyalty dimensions.
Downregulation of MSP58 inhibits growth of human colorectal cancer cells via regulation of the cyclin D1–cyclin‐dependent kinase 4–p21 pathway
Authors: Shi Hai , Chen Sunxiao , Jin Haifeng , Xu Chunsheng , Dong Guanglong , Zhao Qingchuan , Wang Weizhong , Zhang Hongwei , Lin Wei , Zhang Jing , Davidovic Laetitia , Yao Libo , Fan Daiming 
Published: May 2009

We have investigated the expression and role of the 58‐kDa microspherule protein (MSP58) in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). By immuhistochemistry and immunofluorescence, we observed MSP58 in the nucleus and cytoplasm of CRC cells, and found MSP58 to be present in CRC specimens more often than in adjacent non‐tumor tissues (92.5 vs 36.3%, P < 0.01). The average staining score in adjacent non‐tumor tissues was significantly lower than in CRC tissues (2.05 ± 1.13 vs 5.23 ± 1.38, P < 0.01). Moreover, MSP58 mRNA and protein appeared to be upregulated in six fresh CRC samples compared to their adjacent non‐cancerous tissues. MSP58 expression was also detected in the human CRC‐derived cell lines LoVo, CoLo205, HCT116, HT‐29, SW620, and SW480. Downregulation of MSP58 inhibited in vitro growth and attenuated tumor growth in animal models by induction of cell cycle arrest, and was associated with reduced levels of cyclin D1, cyclin‐dependent kinase 4, phosphorylation‐Rb (p‐Rb), p21, and Retino blastoma (Rb) proteins. These results indicated that MSP58 might play an important role in the carcinogenesis of CRC via regulation of the cyclin D1–cyclin‐dependent kinase 4–p21 pathway. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1585–1590)
Overexpression of AIB1 predicts resistance to chemoradiotherapy and poor prognosis in patients with primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: He Li‐Ru , Liu Meng‐Zhong , Li Bin‐Kui , Rao Hui‐Lan , Deng Hai‐Xia , Guan Xin‐Yuan , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Xie Dan 
Published: May 2009

AIB1 (amplified in breast cancer 1) is frequently overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the significance of AIB1 expression in chemoradiotherapy (CRT) sensitivity and its effect on prognosis are still unclear. In this study, the expression of AIB1 was examined by immunohistochemistry in 98 biopsy specimens of primary ESCC patients treated with definitive CRT. AIB1 overexpression was found in 63/98 (64.3%) of the ESCCs. There was a significant association between AIB1 overexpression and distant lymph node metastases (P = 0.011), but not regional lymph node metastases. In the M0 subgroup, overexpression of AIB1 was observed more frequently in stage T4 than in stage T2–3 (66.7%vs 38.5%, P = 0.031). In addition, AIB1 expression was the only factor that showed a significant correlation with CRT response, in which overexpression of AIB1 was observed more frequently in the CRT resistant group than in the CRT effective group (86.5%vs 50.8%, P < 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed that AIB1 overexpression was associated with poor progression‐free survival (PFS) (P < 0.001) and poor disease‐specific survival (DSS) (P <0.001). Furthermore, AIB1 expression could stratify patient survival in stages T2–3, T4, N1, and M0 (P < 0.05), as well as in the CRT effective group (P < 0.05), and AIB1 overexpression and CRT resistance were evaluated as significant independent prognostic factors for both PFS and DSS in multivariate analysis. These findings suggest that overexpression of AIB1 is a useful predictor of CRT resistance and an independent molecular marker of poor prognosis for ESCC patients. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1591–1596)
Electrophoretic polymorphism and molecular structure of equine C3*
Authors: KAY P. H. , DAWKINS R. L. , BOWLING A. T. , BERNOCO D. 
Published: May 2009

Summary Plasma or serum samples from 12 Arabian and 181 standardbred horses have been typed using an immunofixation technique to determine electrophoretic polymorphism of equine third complement component (C3). Six distinctly different electrophoretic patterns of equine C3 have been recognized thus far. SDS PAGE analysis of equine C3/anti C3 complexes revealed that the submolecular structure comprised an alpha chain and beta chain of molecular weights approximately 118000 and 63000 daltons respectively. The molecular weights of the alpha and beta chains were similar in all electrophoretic variants tested.Family data derived from 73 mares, 21 stallions and 99 offspring suggested that the six electrophoretic phenotypes were inherited by means of three codominant alleles named C3–1, C3–2 and C3–3 at a single autosomal locus.
Possible lower rate of chronic ITP after IVIG for acute childhood ITP an analysis from registry I of the Intercontinental Cooperative ITP Study Group (ICIS)
Authors: Tamminga Rienk , Berchtold Willi , Bruin Marrie , Buchanan George R. , Kühne Thomas 
Published: May 2009

SummaryIn children, one‐third of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients follow a chronic course. The present study investigated whether treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) at the time of diagnosis of ITP is of prognostic significance, using data from 1984 children entered in Registry I of the Intercontinental Cooperative ITP Study Group. A matched pairs analysis compared children with thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150 × 109/l) 6 months following diagnosis with children whose platelet count was normal 6 months after diagnosis. It was found that children initially treated with IVIG were more likely to have a normal platelet count 6 months after diagnosis than children not receiving IVIG (odds ratio 1·81; 95% confidence interval: 1·25–2·64). This result was independent of age, gender, country of origin, platelet count at diagnosis or infection preceding the diagnosis of ITP. In a similar analysis, comparing children with a platelet count <50 × 109/l 6 months after diagnosis with children whose platelet count was ≥50 × 109/l at that time point, the former group was less often treated with IVIG than with steroids (P = 0·02). Prospective studies are required to further explore this potential effect of IVIG.
Stable isotope variability of meso‐zooplankton along a gradient of dissolved organic carbon
Authors: PERSAUD A. D. , DILLON P. J. , LASENBY D. , YAN N. D. 
Published: May 2009

Summary1. The δ13C and δ15N signatures of zooplankton vary with dissolved organic carbon (DOC), but inconsistent and limited taxonomic resolution of previous studies have masked differences that may exist among orders, genera or species and are attributable to dietary and/or habitat differences. Here we investigate differences among the isotopic signatures of five zooplankton taxa (Daphnia, Holopedium, large Calanoida, small Calanoida and Cyclopoida) in Precambrian shield lakes with a sixfold range of DOC concentration.2. δ13C signatures of Daphnia, small calanoids and large calanoids became more depleted with increasing lake DOC, whereas Holopedium and cyclopoid δ13C became enriched with increasing DOC concentration.3.  The variability of δ13C and δ15N isotopic signatures among zooplankton groups was reduced in high‐DOC, compared to low‐DOC lakes, especially for δ13C. Differences in δ13C and POM‐corrected δ15N accounted for up to 33.7% and 19.5% of the variance, respectively, among lakes of varying DOC concentration.4. The narrow range of signatures found in higher DOC lakes suggests that different taxa have similar food sources and/or habitats. In contrast, the wide range of signatures in low‐DOC lakes suggests that different taxa are exploiting different food sources and/or habitats. Together with the variable trends in zooplankton isotopic signatures along our DOC gradient, these results suggest that food web dynamics within the zooplankton community of temperate lakes will change as climate and lake DOC concentrations change.
A fungal endosymbiont affects host plant recruitment through seed‐ and litter‐mediated mechanisms
Authors: Omacini Marina , Chaneton Enrique J. , Bush Lowell , Ghersa Claudio M. 
Published: May 2009

Summary1. Many grass species are associated with maternally transmitted fungal endophytes. Increasing evidence shows that endophytes enhance host plant success under varied conditions, yet studies have rarely considered alternative mechanisms whereby these mutualistic symbionts may affect regeneration from seed.2. We performed a microcosm experiment to evaluate whether infection withNeotyphodium occultansaffects recruitment in the annual grassLolium multiflorumeither directly, by infecting the seeds, or indirectly, by altering the suitability of recruitment microsites through the litter shed by host plants. Endophyte effects on establishment were tested for different litter depths and watering regimes under natural herbivory by leaf‐cutting ants.3. Seed infection increased seedling emergence through the litter as well as final recruitment, irrespective of microsite conditions. However, litter produced by infected plants delayed emergence and decreased density of both infected and non‐infected grass populations.4. Individual plant biomass did not change with seed infection but was increased under deep litter from endophyte‐infected plants. Although seed infection did not protect establishing plants from leaf‐cutting ants, herbivory was reduced in the presence of deep litter shed by infected plants.5. We conclude that fungal endophytes may affect host plant recruitment across subsequent generations not only by infecting the seeds but also through the host’s dead remains. While the former effect entailed an advantage to infected plants, litter‐mediated effects did not discriminate by infection status, and generally promoted the establishment of fewer and larger plants. Thus hidden foliar symbionts may play an underappreciated role in maintaining host species dominance through the litter produced by prior patch occupants.