bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolving patterns of HIV‐1 transmitted drug resistance in Poland in the years 2000–2008
Authors: Stańczak Grzegorz P. , Stańczak Janusz J. , Marczyńska Magdalena , Firląg‐Burkacka Ewa , Wiercińska‐Drapało Alicja , Leszczyszyn‐Pynka Magdalena , Jabłonowska Elzbieta , Małolepsza Ewa , Dyda Tomasz , Ząbek Piotr , Horban Andrzej 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the rate of transmission of drug resistant human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) variants among therapy‐naïve HIV positive patients in Poland in the year 2008, to compare the data with the results from the years 2000 to 2007 and to monitor patterns of HIV‐1 subtypes present in Polish population and their evolution. Complete protease and part of reverse transcriptase regions were sequenced from the sera of patients directed to the laboratory for drug resistance testing. The Stanford's HIVdb program was used for the interpretation of results and subtyping. The variants scoring at least “intermediate resistance” for at least one drug were considered as resistant. The results obtained were compared to those obtained in the years 2000–2007. A total of 95 patients were enrolled in the 2008 study. Homosexual transmission of infection was documented in more than 55% of all cases. The overall prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) was 5.3% (3.9% in 2007, 5.8% in 2006, and 14.1% in the years 2002–2005). The study from the years 2000 to 2001 revealed 28.7% prevalence. Preliminary analysis of the first half of 2009 shows the ratio of 7.8%. In four (4.2%) cases drug resistance was associated with protease inhibitors class, in one case (1.1%) with resistance to non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors class. In four cases (4.2%) non‐B subtype was identified (C, G, CRF01_AE, CRF02_AG). An increase of percentage of drug resistant mutants—from 3.9% (2007) to 5.3% (2008)—was recognized. In this study, TDR was limited to single classes of antiretroviral drugs. HIV‐1 subtype B prevails in Poland. J. Med. Virol. 82:1291–1294, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 infection in individuals from health care centers in Mozambique: Potential for endemic and epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: Caterino‐de‐Araujo Adele , Manuel Rolanda Carmen Rafael , Del Bianco Rosana , Santos‐Fortuna Elizabeth , Magri Mariana Cavalheiro , Silva Joyce Matie Kinoshita , Bastos Rui 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHuman herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) infection is common in sub‐Saharan Africa, but its prevalence in Mozambique is unknown. The seroprevalence of HHV‐8 in a cohort of individuals seen at public health centers in Northern (n = 208), Central (n = 226), or Southern (n = 318) Mozambique was examined. All individuals were interviewed to obtain socioeconomic, demographic and clinical data and were tested for serum anti‐HHV‐8 antibodies using an immunofluorescence assay. The overall frequency of HHV‐8 antibodies was 21.4% and, in spite of the diversity of epidemiological characteristics of the tested individuals, did not differ significantly among regions: 18.7%, 24.3% and 21.4% in the North, Center, and South, respectively (χ2, 2.37;P = 0.305). The variables that were associated significantly with the presence of HHV‐8 antibodies were gender, age, level of education, number of siblings and HIV serostatus, but these differed across the regions. In the North, although tested individuals lived under poor socioeconomic conditions, no association between HHV‐8 infection and household variables was detected, with the exception of the number of siblings (P = 0.042). In the Central region, HHV‐8 infection was associated with gender (P = 0.010), the number of household members (P = 0.031), and the place of attendance (P = 0.021). In the South, HHV‐8 infection was associated with the number of siblings (P = 0.023) and HIV status (P = 0.002). The overall prevalence of HHV‐8 seropositivity increased with age. These results demonstrate that Mozambique is another country in Africa with endemic HHV‐8 infection, and, because of the AIDS epidemic, continued access to antiretroviral treatment is necessary to avert an outbreak of AIDS‐Kaposi's sarcoma. J. Med. Virol. 82:1216–1223, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antiviral drug susceptibilities of seasonal human influenza viruses in Lebanon, 2008–09 season
Authors: Zaraket Hassan , Saito Reiko , Wakim Rima , Tabet Carelle , Medlej Fouad , Reda Mariam , Baranovich Tatiana , Suzuki Yasushi , Dapat Clyde , Caperig‐Dapat Isolde , Dbaibo Ghassan S. , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe emergence of antiviral drug‐resistant strains of the influenza virus in addition to the rapid spread of the recent pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 virus highlight the importance of surveillance of influenza in identifying new variants as they appear. In this study, genetic characteristics and antiviral susceptibility patterns of influenza samples collected in Lebanon during the 2008–09 season were investigated. Forty influenza virus samples were isolated from 89 nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from patients with influenza‐like illness. Of these samples, 33 (82.5%) were A(H3N2), 3 (7.5%) were A(H1N1), and 4 (10%) were B. All the H3N2 viruses were resistant to amantadine but were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir; while all the H1N1 viruses were resistant to oseltamivir (possessed H275Y mutation, N1 numbering, in their NA) but were sensitive to amantadine and zanamivir. In the case of influenza B, both Victoria and Yamagata lineages were identified (three and one isolates each, respectively) and they showed decreased susceptibility to oseltamivir and zanamivir when compared to influenza A viruses. Influenza circulation patterns in Lebanon were very similar to those in Europe during the same season. Continued surveillance is important to fully elucidate influenza patterns in Lebanon and the Middle East in general, especially in light of the current influenza pandemic. J. Med. Virol. 82: 1224–1228, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety and efficacy of pegylated interferon and ribavirin in adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus acquired perinatally
Authors: Rosso Raffaella , Di Biagio Antonio , Mikulska Malgorzata , Nicco Elena , Bernardini Claudia , Viscoli Claudio 
Published: May 2010

AbstractLimited evidence is available currently regarding the efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) and ribavirin in patients co‐infected perinatally with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). No information is available on whether or not these patients should be treated earlier for infection with HCV. This report describes four patients with HIV and HCV co‐infection acquired perinatally, who were treated with PEG‐IFN and ribavirin for chronic viral hepatitis caused by HCV. J. Med. Virol. 82: 1110–1114, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of hepatitis B virus MHR mutations and their correlation with genotypes and antiviral therapy in chronically infected patients in Serbia
Authors: Lazarevic Ivana , Cupic Maja , Delic Dragan , Svirtlih Neda Stojkovic , Simonovic Jasmina , Jovanovic Tanja 
Published: May 2010

AbstractUnderstanding the prevalence and diversity of HBsAg variants in a population is fundamental to assay design and planning vaccination programs. It has been shown that mutations within the S gene, caused by selection or natural variation, can lead to false‐negative results in assays for HBsAg, or have clinical implications, such as evading anti‐HBV immunoglobulin therapy or vaccine‐induced immunity. The region of HBsAg where most of these mutations occur is known as the major hydrophilic region (MHR). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and mutational patterns of MHR mutations in patients with chronic hepatitis B, and their correlation with patient characteristics, viral factors and antiviral therapy. The study comprised 164 plasma samples from patients with chronic hepatitis B, of which, 34.8% were on long‐term lamivudine monotherapy. Direct sequencing of part of the S/pol gene was used for identification of HBsAg mutations, HBV genotypes, subgenotypes and HBsAg subtypes. The overall frequency of MHR mutations was 22.6%, but it varied significantly between untreated and treated patients (16.8% vs. 33.3%). The most frequent substitution was at position 120 (9.1%) whereas the most common vaccine‐escape position, 145, was affected in 1.8% of isolates. The presence of MHR mutations was correlated with genotype D, subgenotype D3, and ayw2/ayw3 HBsAg subtypes and to older age (>40 years). It is concluded that natural viral variability present in a geographical region, duration of infection, and antiviral therapy are among the major factors associated with the occurrence of MHR mutations. J. Med. Virol. 82: 1160–1167, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical responsibilities in the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis
Authors: Sugarbaker Paul H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn the past, cancer surgery for gastrointestinal malignancy focused on clearance (an R‐0 resection) and containment (no surgically induced spillage of cancer cells). A new responsibility that cancer surgeons must accept is the knowledgeable prevention or treatment of cancer that disseminates to peritoneal surfaces. Carcinomatosis can be prevented and can be successfully treated using cytoreductive surgery and perioperative chemotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:713‐724. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sentinel node biopsy in melanoma: Technical considerations of the procedure as performed at the john wayne cancer institute
Authors: Bagaria Sanjay P. , Faries Mark B. , Morton Donald L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSince its first description in 1990, sentinel node (SN) biopsy has become the standard for accurate staging of a melanoma‐draining regional lymphatic basin. This minimally invasive, multidisciplinary technique can detect occult metastases by selective sampling and focused pathologic analysis of the first nodes on the afferent lymphatic pathway from a primary cutaneous melanoma. An understanding of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative lymphatic mapping, and the definition of SN are critical for surgical expertise with SN biopsy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:669‐676. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
13C MRS of occipital and frontal lobes at 3 T using a volume coil for stochastic proton decoupling
Authors: Li Shizhe , Zhang Yan , Wang Shumin , Araneta Maria Ferraris , Johnson Christopher S. , Xiang Yun , Innis Robert B. , Shen Jun 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPreviously, we devised a novel strategy for in vivo 13C MRS using [2‐13C]glucose infusion and low‐power proton decoupling, and proposed that this strategy could be used to acquire 13C MR spectra from the frontal lobe of the human brain. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, in vivo 13C MRS of human frontal lobe acquired at 3 T. Because the primary metabolites of [2‐13C]glucose can be decoupled using very‐low‐radiofrequency power, we used a volume coil for proton decoupling in this study. The homogeneous B1 field of the volume coil was found to significantly enhance the decoupling efficiency of the stochastic decoupling sequence. Detailed specific absorption rates inside the human head were analyzed using the finite difference time domain method to ensure experimental safety. In vivo 13C spectra from the occipital and frontal lobes of the human brain were obtained. At a decoupling power of 30 W (time‐averaged power, 2.45 W), the spectra from the occipital lobe showed well‐resolved spectral resolution and excellent signal‐to‐noise ratio. Although frontal lobe 13C spectra were affected by local B0 field inhomogeneity, we demonstrated that the spectral quality could be improved using post‐acquisition data processing. In particular, we showed that the frontal lobe glutamine C5 at 178.5 ppm and aspartate C4 at 178.3 ppm could be spectrally resolved with effective proton decoupling and B0 field correction. Because of its large spatial coverage, volume coil decoupling provides the potential to acquire 13C MRS from more than one brain region simultaneously. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly sulfonated multiblock copoly(ether sulfone)s for fuel cell membranes
Authors: Nakabayashi Kazuhiro , Higashihara Tomoya , Ueda Mitsuru 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHighly sulfonated multiblock copoly(ether sulfone)s applicable to proton electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) were synthesized by the coupling reaction of corresponding hydroxyl‐ terminated oligomers in the presence of highly reactive decafluorobiphenyl (DFB) as a chain extender, followed by postsulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid. Their molecular weights were reasonably high as determined by viscosity measurement (ηinh = 0.72–1.58 dL/g). It was also confirmed that postsulfonation selectively took place in hydrophilic segments to yield highly sulfonated multiblock copolymers (IEC = 1.90–2.75 mequiv/g). The resulting polymers gave transparent, flexible, and tough membranes by solution casting. The 4b membrane, as a representative sample, demonstrated good mechanical strength in the dry state regardless of high IEC value (2.75 mequiv/g). The 4a–c membranes with higher IEC values (IEC = 2.75–2.79 mequiv/g) maintained high water uptake (13.7–17.7 wt %) at 50% RH and it was still high (7.4–8.5 wt %) at 30% RH. Proton conductivity of all membranes at 80 °C and 95% RH was higher than that of Nafion 117. Furthermore, the 4a membrane showed high proton conductivity, comparable with Nafion 117 in the range of 50–95% RH, and maintained high proton conductivity (2.3 × 10−3 S/cm) even at 30% RH. Finally, the surface morphology of the membrane was investigated by tapping mode atomic force microscopy, which showed well‐connected hydrophilic domains that could work as proton transportation channel. This phase separation and the high water uptake behavior probably contributed to high and effective proton conduction in a wide range of relative humidity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2757–2764, 2010
Phosphonated fully aromatic polyethers for PEMFCs applications
Authors: Papadimitriou Konstantinia D. , Andreopoulou Aikaterini K. , Kallitsis Joannis K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNew homopolymers and copolymers based on aromatic polyethers bearing side diphosphonate and diphosphonic groups have been synthesized. These synthetic efforts resulted in homo and copolymers of high thermal stability but moderate molecular weights. To evaluate the influence of the immobilized phosphonate ester and phosphonic acid moieties on polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells applications, blends of the newly synthesized homo and copolymers with a pyridine‐based aromatic polyether were prepared. These blends were miscible with high glass transition temperatures and high thermal stabilities. Furthermore, the introduction of these groups to a polymeric backbone significantly increases the doping ability in phosphoric acid compared to the net matrix as well as the ionic conductivity for high doping levels. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2817–2827, 2010
Surface modification of UV‐cured epoxy resins by click chemistry
Authors: Durmaz Yasemin Yuksel , Sangermano Marco , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA novel method for surface modification of UV‐cured epoxy network was described. Photoinitiated cationic copolymerization of a bisepoxide, namely 3,4‐epoxy cyclohexylmethyl 3,4‐epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate (EEC) with epibromohydrine (EBH) by using a cationic photoinitiator, [4‐(2‐methylpropyl)phenyl]4‐methylphenyl‐iodonium hexafluorophosphate, in propylene carbonate solution was studied. The real‐time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic, gel content determination and thermal characterization studies revealed that both EEC and EBH monomers take part in the polymerization and epoxy network possessing bromomethyl functional groups was obtained. The bromine functions of the cured product formed on the glass surface were converted to azide functionalities with sodium azide. Independently prepared alkyne functional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was subsequently anchored to azide‐modified epoxy surface by a “click” reaction. Surface modification of the network through incorporation of hydrophilic PEG chain was evidenced by contact angle measurements. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2862–2868, 2010
Synthesis and properties of thermoplastic polyimides with ether and ketone moieties
Authors: Yu Xiaohui , Zhao Xiaogang , Liu Changwei , Bai Zewei , Wang Daming , Dang Guodong , Zhou Hongwei , Chen Chunhai 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA series of polyimides containing ether and ketone moieties were synthesized from 1,3‐bis(4‐fluorobenzoyl) benzene and several commercially available dianhydrides via a conventional two‐step polymerization. The inherent viscosities of Polyamide acids ranged from 0.46 to 0.73 dL/g. Thermal properties, mechanical properties, and thermalplasticity of the obtained polimide films were investigated by focusing on the chemical structures of their repeat units. These films were amorphous, flexible, and transparent. All films displayed low Tgs (184–225 °C) but also excellent thermal stability, the 5% weight loss temperature was up to 542 °C under nitrogen. The films showed outstanding mechanical properties with the modulus up to 3.0 GPa and the elongation at break in the range of 8–160%. The uniaxial stretching of PI‐a at high temperature was studied owing to its excellent flexibility. The PI‐a had an elongation at break up to 1600% at 245 °C and the uniaxially stretched film exhibited a much higher modulus (3.9 GPa) and strength (240 MPa) than undrawn film. The results indicated that PI‐a can potentially be used to prepare materials such as fiber, ultra‐thin film or ultra‐high modulus film. All the obtained films also demonstrated excellent thermoplasticity (drop of E′ at Tg > 103) which made the polyimides more suitable for melt processing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2878–2884, 2010
Synthesis of novel tetrahydrofuran‐epichlorohydrin [poly(THF‐b‐ECH)] macromonomeric peroxy initiators by cationic copolymerization and the quantum chemically investigation of initiation system effects
Authors: Misir Murat , Ozturk Temel , Emirik Mustafa , Yilmaz Sevil S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCationic polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) was performed with peroxy initiators synthesized from bis (4,4′‐bromomethyl benzoyl peroxide (BBP) or bromomethyl benzoyl t‐butyl peroxy ester (t‐BuBP) and AgSbF6 or ZnCl2 system at 0 °C to obtain the poly(THF‐b‐ECH) macromonomeric peroxy initiators. Kinetic studies were accomplished for poly(THF‐b‐ECH) initiators. Poly(THF‐b‐ECH‐b‐MMA) and poly(THF‐b‐ECH‐b‐S) block copolymers were synthesized by bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (S) with poly(THF‐b‐ECH) initiators. The quantum chemical calculations for the block copolymers, the initiating systems of the cationic polymerization of THF and ECH were achieved using HYPERCHEM 7.5 program. The optimized geometries of the polymers were investigated with the quantum chemical calculations. Poly(THF‐b‐ECH) initiators having peroxygen groups were used for graft copolymerization of polybutadien (PBd) to obtain poly(THF‐b‐ECH‐g‐PBd) crosslinked graft copolymers. The graft copolymers were investigated by sol‐gel analysis. Swelling ratio values of the graft copolymers in CHCl3 were calculated. The characterizations of the polymers were achieved by FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC, SEM, TEM, and DSC techniques. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2896–2909, 2010
Polynorbornene with pentafluorophenyl imide side chain groups: Synthesis and sulfonation
Authors: Santiago Arlette A. , Vargas Joel , Fomine Serguei , Gaviño Rubén , Tlenkopatchev Mikhail A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe mixtures of exo‐endo‐monomers and isomerically pure endo‐monomers of N‐pentafluorophenyl‐norbornene‐5,6‐dicarboximide (2a) and N‐phenyl‐norbornene‐5,6‐dicarboximide (2b) were synthesized and polymerized via ring opening metathesis polymerization using bis(tricyclohexylphosphine) benzylidene ruthenium (IV) dichloride (I) and tricyclohexylphosphine [1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene][benzylidene] ruthenium dichloride (II). Ring opening metathesis polymerization of mixtures of exo‐endo‐monomers (2a) and (2b) and pure endo‐2b gave the corresponding high molecular weights poly(N‐pentafluorophenyl‐norbornene‐5,6‐dicarboximide) (3a) and poly(N‐phenyl‐norbornene‐5,6‐dicarboximide) (3b). The isomerically pure endo‐2a did not polymerize by I in these conditions, since I is the least active catalyst and endo‐2a is the least active monomer because of the intramolecular complex formation between the Ru active center and the fluorine atom of ring‐opened endo‐2a on the one hand and steric hindrances caused by the pentafluorinated ring on the other. The quantitative hydrogenation of the polymer 3a, at room temperature and 115 bar, was achieved by a Wilkinson's catalyst. The new polynorbornene bearing highly fluorinated sulfonic acid groups (5) was obtained by the reaction of the hydrogenated poly(N‐pentafluorophenyl‐norbornene‐5,6‐dicarboximide) (4) with sodium 4‐hydroxybenzenesulfonate dihydrate. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2925–2933, 2010
The effect of land use on channel geometry and sediment distribution in gravel mantled bedrock streams, Illinois River watershed, Arkansas
Authors: Shepherd S. L. , Dixon J. C. , Davis R. K. , Feinstein R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHeadwater stream morphology is a direct reflection of watershed characteristics and therefore can inform our understanding of anthropogenic influence on channel geometry and sediment dynamics. Little knowledge of the geomorphology of headwater streams in the Ozark Plateaus region of northwest Arkansas exists. The Illinois River watershed, in northwest Arkansas, is of critical interest within the region because of land use changes in the headwaters due to rapid population growth. A mixture of forest and agricultural (open pasture and poultry houses) land use dominates the watershed, but urban areas are rapidly expanding. These land use types: forest, agriculture and urban are an effective proxy for increasing anthropogenic disturbance. Analysis of longitudinal profile, cross‐section and sediment distribution in streams from each land use type shows a strong trend of increasing slope and channel cross‐sectional area with a greater degree of anthropogenic disturbance. Additionally, urban streams are characterized by the presence of exposed bedrock in the stream bed, while agricultural and forested streams are gravel mantled. These data have important implications for current and future stream management policies and practices regionally. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MRI for assessment of anal fistula
Authors: Torkzad Michael R. , Karlbom Urban 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best imaging modality for preoperative assessment of patients with anal fistula. MRI helps to accurately demonstrate disease extension and predict prognosis. This in turn helps make therapy decisions and monitor therapy. The pertinent anatomy, fistula classification and MRI findings will be discussed.