bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a 0.0584% hydrocortisone aceponate spray in presumed feline allergic dermatitis: an open label pilot study
Authors: Schmidt Vanessa , Buckley Laura M. , McEwan Neil A. , Rème Christophe A. , Nuttall Tim J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study evaluated the efficacy of a 0.0584% hydrocortisone aceponate (HCA) spray (Cortavance®; Virbac SA) in 10 cats with presumed allergic dermatitis. The cats initially received two sprays/100 cm2of skin once daily. Clinical lesions (a Feline Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index; FeDESI), pruritus (10 cm visual analog scale with grade descriptors) and owner assessments of efficacy, tolerance and ease of use (from 1 = very poor to 5 = excellent) were assessed every 14 days. The frequency of treatment was reduced after day 28 in cats with a >50% reduction in FeDESI and pruritus scores. One cat was lost to follow up at day 28 and two at day 42. Intention‐to‐treat data were analysed. The FeDESI [mean (SD): day 0, 42.2 (15.7) and day 56, 9.9 (11.7);P < 0.0001] and pruritus scores [day 0, 61.2 mm (20.1) and day 56, 14.6 mm (16.1);P < 0.0001] significantly decreased throughout the trial. The owner scores for tolerance [median (range): day 14, 4 (1–5) and day 56, 4 (3–5);P = 0.003] and ease of administration [day 14, 3 (2–5) and day 56, 4 (2–5);P = 0.02] significantly increased during the trial, but there was no significant change in efficacy scores [day 14, 4 (3–5) and day 56, 4 (2–5);P = 0.5]. There were no adverse effects attributable to the HCA spray, no significant changes in weight [mean (SD): day 0, 5.0 kg (1.4) and day 56, 5.0 kg (1.6);P = 0.51] and no significant changes in haematology, biochemistry or urinalysis (n = 4). Six cats required every‐other‐day treatment and four required daily treatment. In conclusion, HCA spray appeared to be effective and safe in these cats, although it is not licensed for use in this species.
Primary brain tumours and specific serum immunoglobulin E: a case–control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort
Authors: Schlehofer B. , Siegmund B. , Linseisen J. , Schüz J. , Rohrmann S. , Becker S. , Michaud D. , Melin B. , Bas Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. , Peeters P. H. M. , Vineis P. , Tjonneland A. , Olsen A. , Overvad K. , Romieu I. , Boeing H. , Aleksandrova K. , Trichopoulou A. , Bamia C. , Lagiou P. , Sacerdote C. , Palli D. , Panico S. , Sieri S. , Tumino R. , Sanchez M.‐J. , Rodriguez L. , Dorronsoro M. , Duell E. J. , Chirlaque M.‐D. , Barricarte A. , Borgquist S. , Manjer J. , Gallo V. , Allen N. E. , Key T. J. , Riboli E. , Kaaks R. , Wahrendorf J. 
Published: July 2011

To cite this article: Schlehofer B, Siegmund B, Linseisen J, Schüz J, Rohrmann S, Becker S, Michaud D, Melin B, Bas Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H, Peeters PHM, Vineis P, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Romieu I, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Sacerdote C, Palli D, Panico S, Sieri S, Tumino R, Sanchez M‐J, Rodriguez L, Dorronsoro M, Duell EJ, Chirlaque M‐D, Barricarte A, Borgquist S, Manjer J, Gallo V, Allen NE, Key TJ, Riboli E, Kaaks R, Wahrendorf J. Primary brain tumours and specific serum immunoglobulin E: a case–control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Allergy 2011; 66: 1434–1441.AbstractBackground:  Case–control studies suggest that patients with allergic diseases have a lower risk of developing glioma but not meningioma or schwannoma. However, those data can be differentially biased. Prospective studies with objective measurements of immunologic biomarkers, like immunoglobulin E (IgE), in blood obtained before cancer diagnosis could help to clarify whether an aetiological association exists.Methods:  The present case–control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) measured specific serum IgE as a biomarker for the most common inhalant allergens in 275 glioma, 175 meningioma and 49 schwannoma cases and 963 matched controls using the ImmunoCAP specific IgE test. Subjects with an IgE level ≥0.35 kUA/l (kilo antibody units per litre) were classified as sensitized by allergens. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by adjusted conditional logistic regression models for each tumour subtype. The effect of dose–response relationship was assessed in five increasing IgE level categories to estimate P‐values for trend.Results:  The risk of glioma was inversely related to allergic sensitization (OR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.51–1.06), especially pronounced in women (OR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.30–0.95). In dose–response analyses, for high‐grade glioma, the lowest OR was observed in sera with the highest IgE levels (P for trend = 0.04). No association was seen for meningioma and schwannoma.Conclusion:  The results, based on serum samples prospectively collected in a cohort study, provide some support for the hypothesis that individuals with allergic sensitization are at reduced risk of glioma and confirm results from previous case–control studies.
Effects of GnRH or Progesterone Treatment on Day 5 Post‐AI on Plasma Progesterone, Luteal Blood Flow and Leucocyte Counts During the Luteal Phase in Dairy Cows
Authors: Garcia‐Ispierto I , López‐Gatius F 
Published: July 2011

ContentsThis study was designed to test the effects of progesterone or GnRH treatment on day 5 post‐AI on fertility and luteal function in dairy cows and heifers. Five days after AI, 32 animals were randomly assigned to a control, intravaginal progesterone for 14 days progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) or GnRH treatment group. On days 5, 7, 12, 14, 17 and 19 post‐AI, each animal underwent colour Doppler ultrasonography of the corpus luteum and blood samples were collected for cell counts and plasma progesterone determination. Through general linear model repeated measures analysis of variance, significant effects were observed of treatment, parity, inseminating bull, reduced vascularization of the CL and pregnancy on plasma progesterone concentrations, whereas mean plasma progesterone and time luteal phase day, and treatment and plasma progesterone concentration on day 5 post‐AI were found to, respectively, affect neutrophil and lymphocyte counts throughout the luteal phase. Moreover, two binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Based on the odds ratio, the likelihood of pregnancy by days 26–32 post‐AI was 23.4 times higher in animals with high mean progesterone levels throughout the study period, compared with animals with low mean progesterone. The likelihood of reduced CL vascularization was 14 times higher in animals treated with PRID, compared with control and GnRH‐treated animals. In conclusion, our results indicate that treatment on day 5 post‐AI with PRID reduced subsequent CL vascularization, whereas GnRH treatment increased plasma progesterone concentrations on day 12 post‐AI, although an effect was identified of the inseminating bull on plasma progesterone levels. Pregnant animals showed higher mean plasma progesterone concentrations than in nonpregnant ones and heifers higher than in lactating cows, whereas blood cell counts differed depending on the treatment and on the mean plasma progesterone concentration on day 5 post‐AI.
Mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress with revaprazan ameliorates stress‐related mucosal disease
Authors: Kim Jung Ho , Kim Eun Hee , Ock Chanyoung , Hong Hua , Kim Yoon Jae , Kwon Kwang An , Park Dong Kyun , Hahm Ki Baik 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The term “stress‐related mucosal disease” (SRMD) represents conditions ranging from superficial mucosal damage to focal deep mucosal damage in the stomach, of which pathogenesis is deduced to be violent mucosal ischemia or excess oxidative stress, but not fully clarified yet. Under the hypothesis that mucosal cell apoptosis subsequent to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress might play a crucial role, we evaluated the efficacy and mechanism that novel acid pump antagonist (APA), revaprazan, alleviated water immersion restraint stress (WIRS) induced SRMD in rats.Methods:  In order to define whether WIRS‐induced SRMD is associated with ER stress, we checked the alteration in the expression of ER stress markers including GRP78, CHOP, XBP‐1, BiP as well as apoptosis in WIRS‐induced SRMD. The efficacy of revaprazan on either alleviating ER stress or attenuating SRMD was compared with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and gastroprotectant.Results:  Ten hours of WIRS induced a severe degree of SRMD, in which ER stress markers including CHOP, XBP1, and BiP were significantly overexpressed in the gastric tissues. However, these markers of ER stress were significantly decreased in the group pretreated with revaprazan compared to PPI or gastroprotectant, accompanied with a significant reduction in apoptotic index. In addition to ER stress, revaprazan imposed anti‐inflammatory benefit to limit SRMD based on significant levels of inflammatory cell apoptosis.Conclusion:  Endoplasmic reticulum stress accompanied with drastic apoptosis was implicated in the development of SRMD, but revaprazan could rescue the stomach from SRMD through alleviating ER stress in epithelial cells much better than either PPI or gastroprotectant.
Low‐dose hydrocortisone treatment for patients with septic shock: A pilot study comparing 3 days with 7 days
Authors: HUH JIN WON , CHOI HYE‐SOOK , LIM CHAE‐MAN , KOH YOUNSUCK , OH YEON MOK , SHIM TAE SUN , LEE SANG DO , KIM WOO SUNG , KIM DONG SOON , HONG SANG‐BUM 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Although there is controversy regarding the benefit of low‐dose corticosteroid therapy in patients with septic shock, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign has advocated that low‐dose intravenous hydrocortisone be used to treat adult septic shock patients. This study investigated the effect of the duration of a stress dose of hydrocortisone on survival of septic shock patients with relative adrenal insufficiency.Methods:  One hundred and thirty consecutive patients who met the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine criteria for septic shock were included in the study. An additional inclusion criterion was vasopressor support after fluid resuscitation. The primary end‐point was 28‐day mortality, and the secondary end‐points were shock reversal and mortality in the intensive care unit and hospital. All eligible patients were prospectively randomized to receive hydrocortisone treatment for 3 or 7 days. Hydrocortisone treatment was started at a dose of 50 mg every 6 h.Results:  Baseline data at recruitment did not differ between the two groups. After 28 days, mortality did not differ between the 3‐ and 7‐day treatment groups (33.8% vs 36.9%, P = 0.629). Mortality rates in the intensive care unit and hospital did not differ significantly between the two groups. The median time to withdrawal of vasopressor therapy was 5.0 days in the 3‐day treatment group and 6.4 days in the 7‐day treatment group (P = 0.102).Conclusions:  This pilot study showed that in patients with septic shock and relative adrenal insufficiency, 28‐day mortality did not differ between those treated with low‐dose hydrocortisone for 3 or 7 days.
Explaining the acetaminophen–ibuprofen analgesic interaction using a response surface model
Authors: Hannam Jacqueline , Anderson Brian J. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryBackground:  The value of acetaminophen–ibuprofen combination therapy over single therapy is uncertain in acute pediatric pain management. A model describing the interaction between these two drugs would be useful both for understanding current literature and for future study design.Methods:  Published pooled time–effect profiles in adults given combination or single therapy after dental extraction were used to construct an interaction model. Pain was measured using pain intensity differences (PRID, 0–10) from zero to eight hours postoperatively. Pharmacodynamic parameter estimates were assumed the same in adults as children. Pediatric pharmacokinetic estimates were scaled using allometric theory. Curve fitting was performed using nonlinear mixed effects models.Results:  Pooled data were available in adults given eight single and multiple dose combinations as well as placebo. The ibuprofen dose range was 100–400 mg, and acetaminophen dose range was 500–1000 mg. Pharmacodynamic parameter estimates, expressed using the Hill equation, were maximum effect (EMAX) 4.06 (95% CI: 3.24, 5.51), the concentration of acetaminophen associated with 50% of the maximal drug effect (EC50,ACET) 11.9 (95% CI: 6.0, 49.5) mg·l−1, the ibuprofen EC50 (EC50,IBU) 5.07 (95% CI: 3.50, 8.26) mg·l−1, and Hill coefficient 2 (95% CI: 1.3, 2.8). An interaction term was fixed at zero (additive interaction). Simulation showed that the addition of acetaminophen to ibuprofen when less than 5 mg·kg−1 was effective; acetaminophen had minimal effect when given with ibuprofen at doses greater than 5 mg·kg−1 in the immediate postoperative period. A more sustained analgesic effect was noted at 4–8 h after combination dosing.Conclusions:  This drug interaction modeling example is useful to explain combination therapy nuances and impacts on study design. Differences in effect between single drug therapy and combination therapy should be sought at lower doses and beyond the immediate postoperative period. Combination therapy may prolong the duration of analgesia. The maximum effect (EMAX) limits the early additional analgesic gain from combination therapy beyond commonly used doses.
To boldly go: individual differences in boldness influence migratory tendency
Authors: Chapman Ben B. , Hulthén Kaj , Blomqvist David R. , Hansson Lars‐Anders , Nilsson Jan‐Åke , Brodersen Jakob , Anders Nilsson P. , Skov Christian , Brönmark Christer 
Published: July 2011

Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 871–876AbstractPartial migration, whereby only a fraction of the population migrates, is thought to be the most common type of migration in the animal kingdom, and can have important ecological and evolutionary consequences. Despite this, the factors that influence which individuals migrate and which remain resident are poorly understood. Recent work has shown that consistent individual differences in personality traits in animals can be ecologically important, but field studies integrating personality traits with migratory behaviour are extremely rare. In this study, we investigate the influence of individual boldness, an important personality trait, upon the migratory propensity of roach, a freshwater fish, over two consecutive migration seasons. We assay and individually tag 460 roach and show that boldness influences migratory propensity, with bold individuals being more likely to migrate than shy fish. Our data suggest that an extremely widespread personality trait in animals can have significant ecological consequences via influencing individual‐level migratory behaviour.
Sensory neurone‐specific receptor‐mediated regulation of micturition reflex in urethane‐anaesthetized rats
Authors: Honda Masashi , Takenaka Atsushi , Inoue Seiya , Chancellor Michael B. , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: July 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?A novel family of G‐protein‐coupled receptors has been identified in rat dorsal root ganglia and named as sensory neuron‐specific receptors (SNSRs) and these receptors are expressed exclusively in a subset of small‐diameter primary afferent neurons involved in transmission of nociceptive information. However, it is not known whether SNSRs have a role in the control of the micturition reflex.This study demonstrated that in urethane‐anaesthetised rats activation of SNSRs can inhibit the micturition reflex via the pathways independent of capsaicin sensitive C‐fibres.OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of sensory neurone‐specific receptors (SNSRs) activation on the micturition reflex in rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Continuous cystometrograms (CMGs, 0.04 mL/min) were performed in female Sprague‐Dawley rats under urethane anaesthesia.
After stable micturition cycles were established, a selective rat SNSR1 agonist, bovine adrenal medulla 8–22 (BAM8–22), was administered intravenously (i.v.) or intrathecally (i.t.) in normal rats or rats pretreated with capsaicin 4 days before the experiments.
Micturition variables were recorded and compared before and after drug administration.
RESULTS
Administration (i.v.) of BAM8–22 (3–100 µg/kg) significantly increased intercontraction intervals in a dose‐dependent fashion, but did not affect residual urine or baseline pressure at any doses tested.
Administration (i.t.) of BAM8–22 (0.01–0.3 µg) also increased intercontraction intervals in a dose‐dependent fashion, but did not affect residual urine or baseline pressure at any doses tested.
These inhibitory effects of i.v. (30 µg/kg) or i.t. (0.3 µg) administration of BAM8–22 still occurred after capsaicin pretreatment.
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that in urethane‐anaesthetized rats activation of SNSRs can inhibit the micturition reflex via pathways independent of capsaicin‐sensitive C‐fibres.
Thus SNSRs could be a potential target for the treatment of bladder dysfunction, e.g. overactive bladder.
The nature and strength of the relationship between expenditure on alcohol and food: An analysis of adult‐only households in the UK
Authors: GELL LUCY , MEIER PETRA 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours can cluster to produce more detrimental overall health consequences than expected with a simple additive effect. This study aims to expand current knowledge of the nature and strength of the relationship between two such health behaviours, alcohol and diet, through analysis of household expenditure on food and drink from a nationally representative UK sample.Design and Methods. Data from the Expenditure and Food Survey for 2005–2006 was used to analyse expenditure on alcohol and diet for 3146 UK households. The classification of a food as healthy or unhealthy was determined using dietary advice provided by the Food Standards Agency. Alcohol expenditure was disaggregated into spending in pubs, bars, clubs and restaurants (on‐trade expenditure) and spending in off‐licenses and supermarkets (off‐trade expenditure). Analyses were stratified according to household disposable income quintile and household beverage preference.Results. As household expenditure on alcohol increases, spending on both healthy and unhealthy food decreases. Higher income households spend proportionately more on on‐trade alcohol and healthy food than lower income households, and less on unhealthy food. Off‐trade alcohol expenditure does not differ significantly according to household income. Households that prefer to purchase wine have healthier expenditure patterns than those that prefer to buy beer or spirits, even after controlling for income.Discussion and Conclusions. Low‐income households and those that purchase more beer or spirits than wine could be targeted for health promotion interventions to reduce their risk of negative health outcomes from the clustering of alcohol consumption and unhealthy diet.[Gell L, Meier P. The nature and strength of the relationship between expenditure on alcohol and food: An analysis of adult‐only households in the UK. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:422–430]
Predisposed violent drug users versus drug users who commit violence: Does the order of onset translate to differences in the severity of violent offending?
Authors: TOROK MICHELLE , DARKE SHANE , KAYE SHARLENE 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. To determine whether there were differences in drug use profiles, psychopathology, and severity of violence among regular illicit drug users in respect to the order of onset of drug use and violence.Design and Methods. A cross‐sectional survey utilising self‐report data was administered to 327 regular illicit drug users in Sydney, Australia.Results. Those who first committed violent crime prior to illicit drug use were found to have more serious offending patterns (greater frequency, arrest for more serious violence, earlier age of onset, and more weapon use). Being male, having a history of child abuse and greater severity of conduct disorder were independent predictors of committing violence before drug use.Discussion and Conclusions. Whilst the nature of the data does not permit causative conclusions, it appears that the order of onset of illicit drug use and violent crime is associated with heterogeneous offending patterns. Early onset violence was associated with more severe violent crimes in later adulthood, whereas violence which proceeded drug use was more strongly linked to systemic risks. The findings have implications for early intervention among children with conduct disorder and also for using drug and alcohol treatment services to reduce specific risks associated with violence.[Torok M, Darke S, Kaye S. Predisposed violent drug users versus drug users who commit violence: Does the order of onset translate to differences in the severity of violent offending? Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:558–565]
USE OR REFUSE REPRODUCTIVE GENETIC TECHNOLOGIES: WHICH WOULD A ‘GOOD PARENT’ DO?
Authors: MALEK JANET 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTA number of authors have objected to potential parents' use of reproductive genetic technologies on the grounds that the use of these technologies reflects a morally problematic attitude toward parenting. More specifically, proponents of this view have argued that such a choice is inconsistent with the unconditional acceptance that lies at the heart of praiseworthy parental attitudes. This paper offers a rebuttal of this view by arguing that it is possible for a parent to exhibit unconditional acceptance of the child herself without accepting each of that child's traits. If this is true, the use of reproductive genetic technologies does not inherently undermine appropriate parental attitudes. Further, by working to change some of a child's specific traits, a parent may instead exemplify an aspirational aspect of praiseworthy parenting and so demonstrate appropriate parental attitudes.
NO ETHICAL BYPASS OF MORAL STATUS IN STEM CELL RESEARCH
Authors: BROWN MARK 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTRecent advances in reprogramming technology do not bypass the ethical challenge of embryo sacrifice. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) research has been and almost certainly will continue to be conducted within the context of embryo sacrifice. If human embryos have moral status as human beings, then participation in iPS research renders one morally complicit in their destruction; if human embryos have moral status as mere precursors of human beings, then advocacy of iPS research policy that is inhibited by embryo sacrifice concerns renders one morally complicit in avoidable harms to persons. Steps may be taken to address these complicity concerns, but in the final analysis there is no alternative to achieving clarity with respect to the moral status of the human embryo.
Deepening College Students' Engagement with Religion and Theology through Community Service Learning
Authors: Seider Scott 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe Serve Program at Ignatius University combines academic study of theology with a year‐long community service project focused on combating poverty. An analysis of the Serve Program during the 2008–09 academic year revealed that participating students demonstrated a significant increase in their interest in theology; a greater desire to enroll in theology coursework; and a deeper interest in theology than classmates not participating in the service‐learning program. Interviews with Serve participants revealed that their exposure to poverty and inequality through their service placements led them to read the program's assigned theological texts with a particular focus on the authors' messages about individual and social responsibility for struggling fellow citizens.