bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of maternal thyroid autoantibodies and post-partum thyroiditis on the fetus and neonate
Authors: Bech Karine , Hertel Jens , Rasmussen Nini G. , Hegedüs Laszlo , Hornnes Peter J , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Høier-Madsen Mimi 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Thirty-five pregnant women with thyroid antibodies were followed during pregnancy and 12 month post partum. Twenty antibody-negative women served as controls and none of these developed postpartum thyroiditis in contrast to 12 of 35 antibody-positive women. Umbilical cord blood was collected at birth for measurements of thyroid antibodies, and blood samples for measurements of thyroid hormones were obtained at 5 and 30 days of age in the infants together with a clinical examination. There were no differences between the infants of antibody-positive and -negative mothers or the infants of those who developed postpartum thyroiditis with regard to gestational age at birth, birth weight, birth length or Apgar score, and no difference in thyroid function of the mothers and infants. However, serum TSH level was significantly higher in mothers who subsequently developed postpartum thyroiditis. Furthermore, a significantly lower growth during the first 30 days of life was observed in their infants. Our observations suggest a relationship between the maternal thyroid status in pregnancy and early growth in infancy.
Size heterogeneity of circulating growth hormone in acromegaly. "Big-Big" GH forms are associated with inappropriately low IGF-I levels
Authors: Arosio Maura , Nissim Marina , Ballabio Maria , Orefice Rita , Bazzoni Nicoletta , Faglia Giovanni 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Circulating GH consists of several molecular size species with different biological activity. A reduced sensitivity of some monoclonal antibodies towards high-molecular weight GH variants has been reported. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the molecular size species of circulating GH using Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography in acromegalic patients and in normal subjects employing both RIA and an immunoradiometric assay for all GH determinations. In 6 normal subjects, studied under GHRH stimulation, little GH was 69.8±6% (mean ±sd), big GH (44 kD) 26.4±6% and big-big GH (>80 kD) 2.8±4%, in IRMA, with a good correspondence with RIA results (70.8±8, 27.0±4, and 3.2±2%, respectively). In 13 untreated acromegalic patients, studied in basal conditions, the little form constituted 76.2±7%, the big form 18.3±4%, which is significantly lower than in normals (p<0.05), and the big-big form 5.5±7%. Similar results were obtained with RIA. A clear elevation of big-big GH (21% for both in IRMA, and 15.7 and 27.8% in RIA) was found in 2 patients with IGF-I levels lower than expected on the basis of mean GH concentrations. The study was extended to an additional acromegalic patient, previously operated and irradiated on, characterized by discrepant serum GH levels in RIA (4.6 μg/l), and in IRMA (1.4 μg/l), and by normal IGF-I levels. Serum GH showed a lack of parallelism to standard GH in RIA, but not in IRMA. RIA immunoreactivity was almost completely composed (92%) of a high molecular weight GH form (>90 kD), not recognized by IRMA. All IRMA immunoreactivity eluted with a Kav corresponding to 19–50 kD. In conclusion: a. the three main molecular size isomers of serum GH are similarly recognized by IRMA and RIA methods in normal subjects. b. in acromegaly, both quantitative and qualitative modifications of the GH chromatographic profile may be present. In particular, increased amounts of big-big forms, whether or not recognized by monoclonal antibodies, have been observed. Their lower bioactivity, suggested by the normal or lower than expected IGF-I levels, can account for the discrepancy between serum GH levels and the clinical picture or IGF-I levels sometimes observed in acromegaly.
Clinical response and prolactin concentration in hyperprolactinemic women during and after treatment for 24 months with the new dopamine agonist, CV 205-502
Authors: Rasmussen Carsten , Brownell Judith , Bergh Torbjörn 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Twenty-four hyperprolactinemic women of whom 23 previously had been given bromocriptine, were treated between 6 and 24 months with a new non-ergot dopamine agonist, CV 205-502 (quinagolide; Norprolac®, Sandoz Ltd, Basle Switzerland). Twenty-four weeks of treatment resulted in normalization of prolactin secretion in 16 of the 24 women. All of these women as well as 4 of those who remained hyperprolactinemic had regular menstrual bleedings. Fifteen of the 24 women were treated for 24 months and all had normalized prolactin levels in serum at the end of this period. Regular menstrual bleedings were observed in 13 women. Mild to moderate galactorrhea was recorded at baseline in 14 of the 15 women. After 24 months of treatment, mild galactorrhea was still present in 3 women. All 15 women had been treated with bromocriptine or other dopamine agonists before they entered the study. In 9 of the women the tolerability had been judged to be fair (N=4) or poor (N=5). Five of the 15 women had previously discontinued bromocriptine treatment because of adverse effects but had few problems tolerating CV 205-502. Prolactin in serum increased in all the patients after discontinuation of the medication. The results confirm that CV 205-502 seems to be a valuable compound in the management of patients with hyperprolactinemia.
The role of somatostatin and/or dopamine in basal and TRH-stimulated TSH release in food-restricted rats
Authors: Rodriguez Felipe , Jolin Trinidad 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
The present study was carried out to examine the role of endogenous dopamine and somatostatin in the mechanisms involved in the restricted feeding-induced inhibition of TSH secretion in rats. GH secretion was examined in parallel. Restricted feeding by 50% or 75% was associated with a decrease in the pituitary and circulating levels of TSH and GH in both untreated and TRH-treated groups (p<0.001), the changes being proportional to the feeding level. Intravenous injections of the dopamine antagonists, domperidone or haloperidol, failed to affect the magnitude of the differences in plasma TSH and GH levels among control and food-restricted groups, indicating that dopaminergic mechanisms had little effect on the regulation of TSH and GH secretion during restricted feeding in rats. Cerebroventricular injection of somatostatin anti-serum resulted in a marked increase in plasma TSH and GH levels in all the experimental groups (p<0.001). The increase in plasma GH and TSH induced by somatostatin anti-serum was greater in rats fed a 25% diet than in either controls or rats fed 50% of the diet; the values for the latter two groups were also different (p<0.001). The decreased TSH and GH values in somatostatin anti-serum-treated food restricted rats as compared with those in control animals on somatostatin anti-serum or normal rabbit serum can probably be attributed to the decreased available pituitary TSH and GH pools. The data indicate that long-term restricted feeding affects anterior pituitary function in rats, presumably reflecting alterations in the secretion of an inhibiting hormone, somatostatin.
Endothelial cells stimulate proliferation of human thyroid epithelial cells
Authors: Kawakami Atsushi , Eguchi Katsumi , Ida Hiroaki , Kawabe Yojiro , Fukuda Takaaki , Ishimaru Tadayuki , Kurouji Kenichi , Fujita Nagatoshi , Ishikawa Naofumi , Ito Kunihiko , Nagataki Shigenobu 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
The present study was undertaken to investigate cellular interactions between human thyroid epithelial cells (thyrocytes) and endothelial cells. Normal thyrocytes were cultured with either mitomycin C-treated endothelial cells or mitomycin C-treated human foreskin fibroblasts. The proliferative responses of thyrocytes were markedly stimulated by endothelial cells, but not by skin fibroblasts. The proliferative response of the thyrocytes obtained from patients with Graves' disease were similar to that of normal thyrocytes. Furthermore, the cell number of thyrocytes in endothelial cell-thyrocyte co-culture was markedly increased as compared with that in thyrocytes alone. The culture medium of endothelial cells only partly had any effect in the endothelial cell-thyrocyte co-culture experiment. Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, did not increase the endothelial cells-induced thyrocyte proliferation. Furthermore, the increased proliferative response of thyrocytes stimulated by endothelial cells was not suppressed by heparin. These results suggest that endothelial cells increase thyrocyte proliferation, and that cell contact or extracellular matrix production by endothelial cells may play an important role in the proliferation of thyrocytes.
Effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 on gonadotropin release from the hypothalamus-pituitary axis in vitro
Authors: Kanematsu Toyokazu , Irahara Minoru , Miyake Toshikazu , Shitsukawa Keiji , Aono Toshihiro 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
The effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on gonadotropin release were studied using primary culture of rat anterior pituitary cells incubated with IGF-I (20-5000 μg/l) and a hypothalamus-pituitary perifusion system, in which either the mediobasal hypothalamus-pituitary unit or the pituitary were perifused with IGF-I (20-2000 μg/l). In primary cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells, IGF-I (2000 μg/l) caused a significant increase in the release of both LH (46% increase) and FSH (27% increase). It also caused a significant decrease in the cellular content of LH (9%) and FSH (19%). Its effects in stimulating gonadotropin release were suppressed by administration of anti IGF-I receptor antibody (1 mg/l). In the perifusion system, IGF-I (2000 μg/l) did not affect the LH release from the hypothalamus-pituitary or pituitary alone. However, it caused a significant increase in the GnRH (10−9 mol/l) stimulated LH release from perifused pituitary. These data suggest that IGF-I enhances pituitary gonadotropin release via the IGF-I receptor, but its effect on the hypothalamus was not confirmed.
Chronic hypernatremia due to impaired osmoregulated thirst and vasopressin secretion
Authors: Pearce Simon H. S. , Argent Nicholas B. , Baylis Peter H. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
We report the case of a young man who became adipsic following a subarachnoid hemorrhage and subsequently had two episodes of life-threatening hypernatremia. Investigations demonstrated that he had defective osmoregulated thirst and AVP release, but normal AVP responses to hypotension and nausea. There is also evidence that he had intact baroregulated thirst. We discuss the results of our investigations in the context of current models of hypothalamic-neurohypophysial function.
Transdermal estrogen replacement does not increase calcitonin secretory reserve in postmenopausal women
Authors: Dick Ian M. , Prince Richard L. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
The effect of transdermal estrogen replacement on ionized calcium and calcitonin levels was examined in 15 postmenopausal women. Following baseline measurement of calcitonin and ionized calcium in the fasting state, the effect of calcium infusion on calcitonin levels was studied. Estrogen replacement resulted in a fall in baseline ionized calcium, however, the rate of rise of calcium was the same before and after estrogen administration. Thus the time at which a particular calcium concentration was attained was later after the commencement of the calcium infusion following estrogen replacement. Although there was no detectable difference in baseline calcitonin concentrations (pre-estrogen, 2.4±0.4; post-estrogen, 2.1±0.4 pmol/l), following estrogen replacement the time at which a particular calcitonin concentration was attained was later after the commencement of the calcium infusion, reflecting the slower attainment of a particular calcium concentration (p=0.014 by ANOVA). Analysis of total calcitonin production by area under the curve, however, did not show a significant difference before and after estrogen replacement (643 ± 184 and 407±115 pmol·l−1·100 min−1, respectively). When the calcitonin response to calcium infusion was compared at the same calcium concentration, estrogen status had no effect on the relationship. We conclude that transdermal estrogen replacement has no effect on calcitonin secretory reserve in postmenopausal women and does not alter the relationship between elevated calcium and calcitonin levels. We cannot exclude an effect of estrogen on baseline calcitonin levels as the calcium concentration was lower but the calcitonin levels not different.
Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic hormone in acromegaly: Relationship to hypertension
Authors: Soszyński Piotr , Slowińska-Srzednicka Jadwiga , Zgliczyński Stefan 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Atrial natriuretic hormone is involved in the control of blood pressure and water-electrolyte balance. In order to assess the relationship between atrial natriuretic hormone and hypertension in acromegaly, 34 subjects were studied, 18 with acromegaly (10 normotensive and 8 hypertensive) and 16 healthy controls. Plasma atrial natriuretic hormone levels, as well as plasma renin activity, aldosterone and growth hormone levels were measured in basal conditions in all subjects. Additionally, plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels were determined after standard stimulation. In hypertensive acromegalic patients, atrial natriuretic hormone plasma concentrations (39.8±3.5 ng/l) were significantly higher than in patients without hypertension (27.9±4.1 ng/l), and in controls (28.6±1.3 ng/l) (p<0.01 in both comparisons). Stimulated plasma renin activity values were decreased in hypertensive acromegalic patients when compared with those in normotensive patients (1.14±0.29 vs 4.03±0.66 μg·l−1 ·h−1, p<0.01). In acromegaly, atrial natriuretic hormone levels correlated with mean arterial pressure (r=0.58, p=0.01). These results suggest that atrial natriuretic hormone plasma levels are slightly increased in patients with acromegaly and hypertension.
Effect of bromocriptine withdrawal in acromegaly on body composition as assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis
Authors: Rau Harald , Fischer Harald , Schmidt Kurt , Lembcke Bernhard , Althoff Peter-Henning 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
To evaluate the effect of bromocriptine withdrawal after dopaminergic long-term treatment (15.0±6.8 mg/day, mean ±sd) in 12 acromegalic patients on body composition, bioelectrical impedance was measured before and at the end of two weeks of drug withdrawal. During withdrawal basal hGH and IGF-I increased from 2.5±1.9 μg/l and 2.1±0.8 kU/l to 9.1±11.7 μg/l and 4.9±2.2 kU/l, respectively, and the hGH secretion deteriorated significantly both after oral glucose load and in the TRH test, indicating recurrence of active acromegaly. Reactance and resistance decreased by 5±4 and 23± 19 Ω respectively (p<0.01), whereas body weight remained constant (+0.4±2.1 kg). Bioelectrical impedance analysis indicated evident shifts in body composition, i.e. a significant reduction of body fat (−2.0±1.7 kg) and a simultaneous increase in both lean body mass (+2.4±2.2 kg) and total body water (+1.8± 1.6 l). The changes in body composition were related to a combined effect of unsuppressed hypersomatotropism and the lack of bromocriptine actions other than inhibition of hGH secretion (for example stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by both the recurred hypersomatotropism and the absence of dopaminergic bromocriptine effects). We conclude that bioelectrical impedance analysis is a good additional tool to assess the pathophysiological effects of bromocriptine withdrawal in long-term treated acromegalic patients.
Follicle-stimulating hormone-dependent estrogen secretion by rat Sertoli cells in vitro: Modulation by calcium
Authors: Talbot J. Alan , Lambert Ann , Mitchell Robert , Grabinski Marek , Anderson David C. , Tsatsoulis Agathocles , Shalet Stephen M. , Robertson William R. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
We have investigated the role of Ca2+ in the control of FSH-induced estradiol secretion by Sertoli cells isolated from 8-10 days old rats. Exogenous Ca2+ (4-8 mmol/1) inhibited FSH-stimulated E2 secretion such that, with 8 mmol/l Ca2+ and FSH (8 IU/l) E2 secretion decreased from 2091±322 to 1480±84 pmol/l (p<0.002), whilst chelation of Ca2+ in the culture medium with EGTA (3 mmol/l) increased E2 secretion from 360±45 to 1242±133 pmol/l) in the absence of FSH. Further, EGTA (3 mmol/l) markedly potentiated FSH (8 IU/l), forskolin (1 μmol/l) and dibutyryl cAMP (1 mmol/l)-stimulated E2 secretion. Addition of the Ca2+ ionophores, ionomycin (2-5 μmol/l) and A23187 (2 μmol/l), inhibited FSH (8 IU/l)-stimulated E2 secretion by >80%. The effect of ionomycin was totally reversible, whereas that of A23187 was irreversible. Ionomycin (5 μmol/l) had no effect on EGTA-induced E2 secretion in the absence of FSH, but reduced EGTA-provoked E2 secretion by 59% in the presence of FSH (8 IU/l). Similarly, forskolin- and dibutyryl cAMP-provoked E2 production was inhibited 46-50% by ionomycin (5 μmol/l). We conclude that FSH-induced E2 secretion from immature rat Sertoli cells is modulated by intra- and extracellular Ca2+.
Calcitriol decreases calcitonin secretion from a human medullary carcinoma cell line via specific receptor action
Authors: Zabel M. , Dietel M. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Since calcitonin stimulates calcitriol production we examined whether a feedback regulatory mechanism exists between these hormones. First, the calcitriol receptor was localized immunocytochemically in cultured TT cells originating from a human thyroid medullary (C-cell) carcinoma. The receptor was demonstrated by light and electron microscopy in cell nuclei and in small amounts in the cytosol. Receptor levels increased when the cells were cultured at physiological (120-240 pmol/l) or somewhat higher concentrations (1200-2400 pmol/l) of calcitriol. In parallel, the same doses of calcitriol markedly inhibited secretion of calcitonin into the medium. These results indicate a feedback loop between calcitriol and calcitonin.
Studies on the effect of prolactin treatment on testicular steroidogenesis and gametogenesis in lithium-treated rats
Authors: Ghosh D. , Biswas N. M. , Ghosh P. K. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
The effect of PRL supplementation in lithium-treated rats on spermatogenesis, testicular Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities, and serum levels of FSH, LH, PRL and testosterone were studied on the 22nd day of the experiment. Subcutaneous injections of lithium chloride at a dose of 2.0 mg·kg−1·day−1 for 21 days resulted in a significant inhibition of spermatogenesis at stage VII of the seminiferous epithelial cycle, along with remarkable diminution of serum levels of the above hormones and suppression of the activities of the above two testicular steroidogenic enzymes. Administration of bovine PRL at a dose of 0.25 mg·kg−1·day−1 plus lithium treatment resulted in a remarkable protection of spermatogenic and steroidogenic activities of the testes, along with restoration of serum levels of FSH and testosterone. It is concluded that PRL can markedly protect the testicular dysfunction induced by lithium chloride treatment in rats.
In vitro evidence for local generation of renin and angiotensin II/III immunoreactivity by the human adrenal gland
Authors: Fallo Francesco , Pistorello Matteo , Pedini Francesco , D'Agostino Domenico , Mantero Franco , Boscaro Marco 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
The adrenal gland of various mammalian species has been shown to contain all the components of a functional renin-angiotensin system. We investigated the existence of this local system in human adrenal tissues surgically obtained. Eight normal adrenals (cortex and medulla) and 6 aldosterone-producing adenomas (aldosteronomas) were examined. Minced tissues were superfused over 270 min, and 15-min fractions were collected. In the perfusates, active renin was measured by immunoradiometric assay with human anti-renin monoclonal antibodies; immunoreactive angiotensin II/III and aldosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. Adrenal tissues, either normal or pathological, were found concomitantly to release renin, angiotensin II/III and aldosterone. The pattern of this spontaneous release exhibited a pulsatile character. The total amount of renin and angiotensin II/III secreted during superfusion clearly exceeded the tissue content (determined by extraction). Addition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor quinaprilat (4×10−5 mol/l) in the superfusion caused a concomitant decrease of angiotensin II/III and aldosterone secretion by 3 normal tissues, and no change in 2 aldosteronomas. These data provide evidence that the human adrenal gland in vitro generates and releases both renin and angiotensin II/III, and support the hypothesis that locally formed angiotensin II/III may play a role as a paracrine regulator of physiological aldosterone secretion.
The relation between pituitary magnetic resonance imaging findings and GH, TSH, PRL dynamics in patients with idiopathic GH deficiency
Authors: Hanew Kunihiko , Utsumi Atsushi , Sugawara Akira , Shimizu Yasuyuki , Tazawa Satoru , Yoshinaga Kaoru 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
The relation between pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and anterior pituitary function was studied in 36 patients with classic idiopathic GH deficiency. These patients were divided into three groups based on MRI findings which were compared with those of 14 normal short children; i.e. normal stalk (N=6), narrowed stalk (N=20), and transected stalk (N=10). The transected and narrowed stalk groups showed significantly delayed TSH responses to TRH compared with the normal stalk group and with the normal short children. Further, the mean maximal TSH increment in the narrowed and transected stalk group was slightly greater than that in normal short children. In contrast, there were no differences in basal plasma GH and PRL levels and their responses to GHRH and TRH among the three groups. When the patients were divided into normal anterior pituitary and atrophic pituitary groups regardless of stalk changes or when they were divided into groups of stalk changes (narrowing and transection) with and without pituitary atrophy, no differences in GH, TSH and PRL dynamics between the groups were observed. These results indicate that pituitary thyrotrope functions, but not somatotrope and lactotrope functions, in patients with idiopathic GH deficiency are more closely correlated to stalk changes than to anterior pituitary changes observed on MRI.
Middle-aged women with Turner's syndrome. Medical status, hormonal treatment and social life
Authors: Sylvén Lisskulla , Hagenfeldt Kerstin , Bröndum-Nielsen Karen , von Schoultz Bo 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
A study of 49 middle-aged (>35 years old) women with Turner's syndrome was performed to evaluate medical status, hormonal treatment and social life. Most of the women lived a normal social life in stable relationships and all were employed. Some had adopted children and 4 had children of their own. They had all been informed about Turner's syndrome at time of diagnosis, but after the induced puberty they did not know who to turn to with their variety of medical problems. They were healthy except for reduced hearing, which in many cases required hearing aid. Elevated liver enzymes were found in almost all the women. The mechanism behind this finding is unclear, but it does not seem to imply severe liver damage why the indicated estrogen therapy should not be withdrawn from these women. Today amniocentesis and chorionic villus biopsies are commonly used to detect chromosome abnormalities. It is our duty as counsellors to give adequate information on the prognosis of a specific finding in the fetus to help future parents in their decision.