bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XPS and AFM characterization of the self‐assembled molecular monolayers of a 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane on silicon surface, and effects of substrate pretreatment by UV‐irradiation
Authors: Cui Nai‐Yi , Liu Chaozong , Yang Wantai 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe self‐assembled (SA) molecular monolayers of a 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3‐APTS) on a silicon (111) surface, and the effects of ultraviolet (UV) pre‐treatment for substrates on the assembling process have been studied using XPS and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results show that the SA 3‐APTS molecules are bonded to the substrate surface in a nearly vertical orientation, with a thickness of the monolayer of about 0.8–1.5 nm. The SA molecular monolayers show a substantial degree of disorder in molecular packing, which are believed to result from the interactions of amine tails in the silane molecules used with surface functionalities of the substrates, and the oxygen‐containing species from the ambient. UV irradiation for silicon substrates prior to the self‐assembly reaction can enhance the assembly process and hence, significantly increase the coverage of the monolayer assembled for the substrates. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insight, innovation, and the big picture in system design
Authors: Bonnema G. Maarten 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSystems architecting is the design phase where the top‐level functions and performance of a system are distributed over the system's parts, its environment, and its users. Up till now, system architects had to largely learn the required skills in practice. Some courses exist that teach the right attitude and mindset for the system architect. However, methods for architecting that can be implemented in a computer tool are virtually nonexistent. Earlier we presented a method, FunKey Architecting, which may aid the system architect in the early phase of design. In combination with TRIZ a design tool is created, which can be used to simplify and improve system architectures. It aims at supporting both the system designer and the specialist designers working on systems. The main topic of the paper is the application of the method in two industrial cases. The one case is an environment where new technology has to be developed and state of the art physics have to meet machine construction principles. The other case is in an industry where well‐proven technology is used in such a way that high‐performance machines are created. A third application of the FunKey tool is performed by students at the University of Twente. The context of each case and the results will be described. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 14
Harmonizing ABET accreditation and the certification of systems engineers
Authors: Chittister Clyde , Haimes Yacov Y. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe ever‐increasing complexity of technology‐based systems that are conceived, designed, constructed, operated and maintained, and managed places heavy civic and professional responsibilities on engineers of all disciplines. Furthermore, the ubiquitous involvement of systems engineers in almost every sector of the economy and in government attests to the growing recognition of their pivotal contributions to systems' safety and effectiveness. For example, the expertise of systems engineers is commonly required in the planning, design, testing, operation, and maintenance of most physical and cyber‐based infrastructures (e.g., transportation, telecommunication, and electric power). This paper explores the needs, requirements, and challenges associated with the academic‐baccalaureate and professional certification of systems engineers, given the breadth and depth required of them, and especially the specific domain knowledge and expertise required to supplement their competence in systems engineering. The authors of this paper take no position on the repeated reference made by several certification organizations to the requirement of being a licensed professional engineer (PE). Finally, a closer partnership between ABET and the two major professional societies—INCOSE and the IEEE—would enable us to reach agreement on what constitutes a Body of Knowledge (BoK) in systems engineering at the baccalaureate level, which would provide an invaluable benchmark to colleges and universities that offer such degrees. The joint initiative by ABET and the two societies would (a) harmonize and solidify the specific requirements for the accreditation of systems engineering programs in colleges and universities in the United States and abroad, and (b) guide the development of BoK requirements for any certification of systems engineers beyond the baccalaureate level. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 14
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Dinuclear Silver(I) Metallocyclophane with N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Linkage
Authors: Wan Xiangjian , Xu Fengbo , Zhang Zhengzhi , Song Haibin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReaction of the carbene precursor 9,10‐bis(N‐ethylimidazoliummethyl)anthracene hexafluorophosphate (1) and Ag2O yielded the dinuclear metallocyclophane (2) in high yield. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by X‐ray crystallography.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Silaborazine Derivative
Authors: Cakmak Hasan , Jansen Martin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a new silaborazine derivative, namely 1,1,3,5‐tetrachloro‐2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐hydride‐1‐silaborazine (TDSB) are reported. The monomeric TDSB molecule is structurally characterized by NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and additionally investigated by single crystal X‐ray diffraction (P$\bar{1}$ (No. 2); a = 7.2534(6) Å, b = 9.0788(7) Å, c = 9.1361(7) Å, α = 66.839(2)°, β = 89.348(2)°, γ = 80.502(2)°; Z = 2; R1 = 0.0425 [3443 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I)]). The structure of TDSB is composed of an essentially planar SiB2N3 ring.
Evolution of the shape of the fronts of a pair of semi‐infinite cracks during their coplanar coalescence
Authors: Legrand L. , Leblond J.B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper studies the evolution of the shape of the fronts of a pair of tensile coplanar semi‐infinite cracks propagating in some homogeneous or inhomogeneous brittle material, during their final coalescence. It is based on a previous work which provides the distribution of the mode I stress intensity factor on the fronts of such cracks, after some small but otherwise arbitrary in‐plane perturbation of these fronts. It is first shown that the problem is ill‐posed for propagation in brittle fracture governed by Griffith's criterion, in the sense that the occurrence of multiple bifurcations makes it impossible to unambiguously define the shape of the crack fronts. At each instant, the bifurcation modes consist of symmetric sinusoidal perturbations of the two fronts with a certain “critical” wavelength, which is a characteristic multiple of the width of the ligament remaining between the cracks. There is also an effect of unstable growth of sinusoidal perturbations of wavelength greater than this critical value. For propagation in fatigue or subcritical crack growth governed by some Paris‐type law, these difficulties disappear and the evolution in time of the shape of the crack fronts can be calculated explicitly. The case of a medium with random spatial variations of Paris's constant is considered; statistical information on the shape of the fronts is derived. The results obtained exhibit significant differences with respect to those for the simpler case of a tensile slit‐crack previously considered in the literature.
Risk Adjustment as Basis for Rational Benchmarking: The Example of Colon Carcinoma
Authors: Ptok Henry , Marusch Frank , Schmidt Uwe , Gastinger Ingo , Wenisch Hubertus J. C. , Lippert Hans 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe results of resection of colorectal carcinoma can vary greatly from one hospital to another. However, this does not necessarily reflect differences in the quality of treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare various tools for the risk‐adjusted assessment of treatment results after resection of colorectal carcinoma within the context of hospital benchmarking.MethodsOn the basis of a data pool provided by a multicentric observation study of patients with colon cancer, the postoperative in‐hospital mortality rates at two high‐volume hospitals (“A” and “B”) were compared. After univariate comparison, risk‐adjusted comparison of postoperative mortality was performed by logistic regression analysis (LReA), propensity‐score analysis (PScA), and the CR‐POSSUM score. Postoperative complications were compared by LReA and PScA.ResultsAlthough postoperative mortality differed significantly (P = 0.041) in univariate comparison of hospitals A and B (2.9% vs. 6.4%), no significant difference was found by LReA or PScA. Similarly, the observed mortality at these did not differ significantly from the mortality estimated by the CR‐POSSUM score (hospital A, 2.9%/4.9%, P = 0.298; hospital B, 6.4%/6.5%, P = 1.000). Significant differences were seen in risk‐adjusted comparison of most postoperative complications (by both LReA and PScA), but there were no differences in the rates of relaparotomy or anastomotic leakage that required surgery.ConclusionsFor the hard outcome variable “postoperative mortality,” none of the three risk adjustment procedures showed any difference between the hospitals. The CR‐POSSUM score can be regarded as the most practicable tool for risk‐adjusted comparison of the outcome of colon‐carcinoma resection in clinical benchmarking.
A Novel Approach for Sentinel Lymph Node Identification Using Fluorescence Imaging and Image Overlay Navigation Surgery in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Tagaya Nobumi , Aoyagi Hiroyuki , Nakagawa Aya , Abe Akihito , Iwasaki Yoshimi , Tachibana Masatsugu , Kubota Keiichi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe reported a novel technique of sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification using fluorescence imaging of indocyanine green injection. Furthermore, to obtain safe and accurate identification of SLN during surgery, we introduce the image overlay navigation surgery and evaluate its efficacy.MethodsThis study enrolled 50 patients with a tumors <2 cm in diameter. Initially, we obtained three‐dimensional (3‐D) imaging from multidetector‐row computed tomography (MD‐CT) by volume rendering. It was projected on the patient’s operative field with the clear visualization of lymph node (LN) through projector. Then, the dye of indocyanine green (ICG) was injected subdermally in the areola. Subcutaneous lymphatic channels draining from the areola to the axilla were visible by fluorescence imaging immediately. Lymphatic flow was reached after LN revealed on 3‐D imaging. After incising the axillary skin on the point of LN mapping, SLN was then dissected under the guidance of fluorescence imaging with adequate adjustment of sensitivity and 3‐D imaging.ResultsLymphatic channels and SLN were successfully identified by Photodynamic eye (PDE) in all patients. And the sites of skin incision also were identical with the LN being demonstrated by 3‐D imaging in all patients. The mean number of SLN was 3.7. The image overlay navigation surgery was visually easy to identify the location of SLN from the axillary skin. There were no intra‐ or postoperative complications associated with SLN identification.ConclusionsThis combined navigations of fluorescence and 3‐D imaging revealed more easy and effective to detect SLN intraoperatively than fluorescence imaging alone.
Wound Infection After Excision and Primary Midline Closure for Pilonidal Disease: Risk Factor Analysis to Improve Patient Selection
Authors: Popeskou Sotirios , Christoforidis Dimitrios , Ruffieux Christiane , Demartines Nicolas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundExcision and primary midline closure for pilonidal disease (PD) is a simple procedure; however, it is frequently complicated by infection and prolonged healing. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) in this context.MethodsAll consecutive patients undergoing excision and primary closure for PD from January 2002 through October 2008 were retrospectively assessed. The end points were SSI, as defined by the Center for Disease Control, and time to healing. Univariable and multivariable risk factor analyses were performed.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐one patients were included [97 men (74%), median age = 24 (range 15‐66) years]. SSI occurred in 41 (31%) patients. Median time to healing was 20 days (range 12‐76) in patients without SSI and 62 days (range 20‐176) in patients with SSI (P < 0.0001). In univariable and multivariable analyses, smoking [OR = 2.6 (95% CI 1.02, 6.8), P = 0.046] and lack of antibiotic prophylaxis [OR = 5.6 (95% CI 2.5, 14.3), P = 0.001] were significant predictors for SSI. Adjusted for SSI, age over 25 was a significant predictor of prolonged healing.ConclusionThis study suggests that the rate of SSI after excision and primary closure of PD is higher in smokers and could be reduced by antibiotic prophylaxis. SSI significantly prolongs healing time, particularly in patients over 25 years.
Closure of the Cystic Duct During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Children Using the LigaSure Vessel Sealing System
Authors: Turial Salmai , Engel Veronika , Sultan Tamer , Schier Felix 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the LigaSure™ Vessel Sealing System (LVSS) when used for cystic duct closure during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children and adolescents.MethodsThe laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed beginning with visualization of Calot’s triangle, and dissection of Calot’s triangle was achieved using a monopolar cautery device. Once the cystic duct was exposed, sealing was performed proximally and distally, and the cystic duct was divided midway using the LVSS. The procedure was completed in the standard fashion.ResultsThe closure of the cystic duct was performed in seven cases of simultaneous cholecystectomy and splenectomy and in 15 cases of microlaparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patients’ ages ranged from 7 to 21 years (average = 14.5 years), and body weight ranged from 42 to 83 kg (average = 58 kg). There was no bile leakage noted, and the closure of the cystic duct was sufficient in all cases. We noted one case of common bile duct obstruction on postoperative day 1. In this case, an exploration of the biliary tree was performed by laparotomy. No direct injury to the common bile duct was found during exploration, but thermal changes were detected in the surrounding tissues as a result of transmitted thermal energy caused by bipolar cautery device.ConclusionThe closure of the cystic duct using the LVSS is feasible and effective in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children. However, it is important to keep a safe distance from other intra‐abdominal structures when using thermal energy devices to prevent thermal collateral damage.
Genetic Counseling Considerations in the Evaluation of Families for Lynch Syndrome—A Review
Authors: Weissman Scott M. , Bellcross Cecelia , Bittner Christina Chimera , Freivogel Mary E. , Haidle Joy Larsen , Kaurah Pardeep , Leininger Anna , Palaniappan Selvi , Steenblock Kelle , Vu Thuy M. , Daniels Molly S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLynch syndrome is the most common hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome and the most common cause of hereditary endometrial cancer. Identifying and evaluating families for Lynch syndrome is increasing in complexity due to the recognition that: family history‐based clinical criteria lack sensitivity and specificity; genetic testing for Lynch syndrome continues to evolve as understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying it evolves; and the Lynch syndrome phenotype encompasses multiple organ systems and demonstrates overlap with other hereditary cancer syndromes. This document is a summary of considerations when evaluating individuals and families for Lynch syndrome, including information on cancer risks, diagnostic criteria, tumor and genetic testing strategies, and the management of individuals with this condition.
Glycerolysis of Soybean Oil with Crude Glycerol Containing Residual Alkaline Catalysts from Biodiesel Production
Authors: Echeverri David A. , Cardeño Fernando , Rios Luis A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe glycerolysis reaction of soybean oil was evaluated using crude glycerol obtained from the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol, catalyzed by sodium methoxide and sodium hydroxide, without any purification step other than the methanol removal. Crude glycerol with the lower content of remaining inorganic catalyst produced the highest concentration of monoglycerides (about 42%). The effect of the addition of water on the glycerolysis reaction was analyzed, evidencing a low formation rate of products in the first stages of the reaction due to the transformation of the inorganic catalyst to soaps, which are weaker bases. The sample of crude glycerol that led to the best results was evaluated at several temperatures. It was observed that the reaction with crude glycerol exhibits a lower formation rate of monoglycerides at low temperatures (160 and 180 °C) compared with the reaction with pure glycerol and catalyzed with NaOH. This behavior was explained by the lower activity of the soaps present in the crude glycerol respect to the inorganic base. Above 200 °C the reaction is very fast and the monoglycerides formed are consumed to produce diglycerides.
Brands on the brain: Do consumers use declarative information or experienced emotions to evaluate brands?
Authors: Esch Franz‐Rudolf , Möll Thorsten , Schmitt Bernd , Elger Christian E. , Neuhaus Carolin , Weber Bernd 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn fMRI study was conducted with unfamiliar and familiar (strong and weak) brands to assess linguistic encoding and retrieval processes, and the use of declarative and experiential information, in brand evaluations. As expected, activations in brain areas associated with linguistic encoding were higher for unfamiliar brands, but activations in brain areas associated with information retrieval were higher for strong brands. Interestingly, weak brands were engaged simultaneously in both processes. Most importantly, activations of the pallidum, associated with positive emotions, for strong brands and activations of the insula, associated with negative emotions, for weak and unfamiliar brands suggested that consumers use experienced emotions rather than declarative information to evaluate brands. As a result, brand experiences should be considered a key driver of brand equity in addition to brand awareness and cognitive associations.
The dark side of buyer–supplier relationships: A social capital perspective⋆
Authors: Villena Verónica H. , Revilla Elena , Choi Thomas Y. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe literature on supply chain management (SCM) has consistently promoted the “bright side” of collaborative buyer–supplier relationships (BSRs). Based on the social capital argument, SCM scholars have investigated how a buyer can gain access to and leverage resources through its collaborative BSRs. Our study extends this research stream by considering the “dark side” of social capital in BSRs. It evaluates how social capital in its cognitive, relational, and structural forms contributes to or impedes value creation within BSRs. Both primary survey measures and secondary objective measures have been used in data analysis. The results show the presence of both the bright side, confirming the existing literature, and the dark side, extending the literature. There is an inverted curvilinear relationship between social capital and performance: Either too little or too much social capital can hurt performance. This study confirms that building social capital in a collaborative BSR positively affects buyer performance, but that if taken to an extreme it can reduce the buyer's ability to be objective and make effective decisions as well as increase the supplier's opportunistic behavior. Our study also examines how a buyer can delay the emergence of the dark side. It opens up new research avenues in the collaborative BSR context and suggests directions for future research and practice.
Mobility Towards Work and Politics for Women in Kerala State, India: A View from the Histories of Gender and Space
Authors: DEVIKA J. , THAMPI BINITHA V. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper, historical analysis and qualitative fieldwork are combined to question the belief that recent efforts in Kerala to induct women into local governance and mobilize poor women into self-help groups implies continuity with the earlier history of women's mobility into the spaces of paid work and politics. For a longer view, the histories of gender-coding of spaces and of women's mobility into paid work and politics are examined. In the twentieth century, while the subversive potential of paid work was contained through casting it within ‘feminine terms’, politics was unquestionably ‘unfeminine space’. However, recent efforts have not advanced women's mobility in any simple sense. The subversive potential of women's mobility towards work in self-help groups is still limited. In local governance, unlike the experience of an earlier generation of women, the ability to conform to norms of elite femininity now appears to be a valuable resource.
Cannabis use at a young age is associated with psychotic experiences
Authors: Schubart C. D. , van Gastel W. A. , Breetvelt E. J. , Beetz S. L. , Ophoff R. A. , Sommer I. E. C. , Kahn R. S. , Boks M. P. M. 
Published: October 2010

BackgroundCannabis use is associated with psychosis and a range of subclinical psychiatric symptoms. The strength of this association depends on dosage and age at first use. The current study investigates whether level of cannabis exposure and starting age are associated with specific profiles of subclinical symptoms.MethodWe collected cross-sectional data from a young adult population sample by administering an online version of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). Cannabis exposure was quantified as the amount of Euros spent on cannabis per week and the age of initial cannabis use. The primary outcome measure was the odds ratio (OR) to belong to the highest 10% of scores on the total CAPE and the positive-, negative- and depressive symptom dimensions.ResultsIn 17 698 adolescents (mean age 21.6, s.d.=4.2 years), cannabis use at age 12 years or younger was strongly associated with a top 10% score on psychotic experiences [OR 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1–4.3] and to a lesser degree with negative symptoms (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.5). The OR of heavy users (>€25/week) for negative symptoms was 3.4 (95% CI 2.9–4.1), for psychotic experiences 3.0 (95% CI 2.4–3.6), and for depressive symptoms 2.8 (95% CI 2.3–3.3).ConclusionsEarly start of cannabis use is strongly associated with subclinical psychotic symptoms and to a lesser degree with negative symptoms, while smoking high amounts of cannabis is associated with increased levels of all three symptom dimensions: psychotic, negative and depressive. These results support the hypothesis that the impact of cannabis use is age specific.