bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Atom‐Economic Synthesis of Imidazoles with Chalcogenophosphoryl Substituents via Free‐Radical Addition of Secondary Phosphine Chalcogenides to 1‐Vinylimidazoles.
Authors: Gusarova Nina K. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Belogorlova Nataliya A. , Parshina Lidiya N. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe process affords the corresponding anti Markovnikov adducts in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoluminescent Selenospirocyclic and Selenotetracyclic Derivatives by Domino Reactions of Amines and Imines.
Authors: Singh Vijay P. , Singh Harkesh B. , Butcher Ray J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe reaction of selenides (I) with bromine and subsequent treatment of the brominated intermediate with Et3N leads to novel photoluminescent selenospirocycles (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Autocatalytic Formation of Fluorinated Ferrocenophanes from 1,1′‐Bis(trifluorovinyl)ferrocene.
Authors: Roemer Max , Lentz Dieter 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Negishi reaction of 1,1′‐diiodoferrocene (I) with trifluorovinylzinc chloride (II) leads to fluorinated derivative (III) in high yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Revision of Phomopsin B, a Novel Polyketide Carrying a 10‐Membered Cyclic‐Ether Ring.
Authors: Izuchi Yuko , Koshino Hiroyuki , Hongo Yayoi , Kanomata Nobuhiro , Takahashi Shunya 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe oxecine structure (I), proposed for phomopsin B, does not match with the spectral data of the natural product.
ChemInform Abstract: Flavonoids from Daphne aurantiaca and Their Inhibitory Activities Against Nitric Oxide Production.
Authors: Liang Shuang , Tian Jun‐Mian , Feng Yi , Liu Xiao‐Hua , Xiong Zhi , Zhang Wei‐Dong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThree new flavonoids, daphnotin A (I), daphnotin B (II) and 3′′‐epi‐dihydrodaphnodrin B (III), are isolated together with 29 known flavonoids.
Synthesis, growth, morphology and characterization of ferroelectric glycine phosphite single crystals
Authors: Devi K. Renuka , Srinivasan K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGlycine phosphite (NH3CH2COO.H3PO3), a potential ferroelectric material, was grown as single crystals from aqueous solutions by slow evaporation and slow cooling methods. Laboratory synthesized title compound was purified by recrystallization method and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and Laser Raman studies. Temperature dependent solubility in double distilled water in the range between 288 and 328 K was determined by gravimetric method. Morphological importance of various growth faces were studied by optical goniometry. Powder x‐ray diffraction study performed on the grown crystals confirms the crystal system and lattice parameters of the unit cell. Optical transparency of the grown crystals in the ultraviolet–visible ‐near infrared region was studied by spectroscopic method. Thermal stability of the grown crystals in the temperature region above ambient until melting was studied using differential scanning calorimetry. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thickness and substrate orientation dependence of ferromagnetism in Mn doped ZnO thin films
Authors: Gopalakrishnan N. , Balakrishnan L. , Brindha A. , Jayalakshmi G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe effect of film thickness and substrate orientation on ferromagnetism in Mn doped ZnO thin films have been studied. The Mn doped ZnO films of different thickness (15, 35 and 105 nm) have been grown on both Si (100) and Si (111) substrates. The structural, electrical, optical, elemental and magnetic properties of the films have been investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Hall Effect measurements, photoluminescence (PL), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. It is found that all the properties are strongly influenced by the film thickness and substrate orientation. The XRD analysis confirmed that the formation of high quality monophasic hexagonal wurtzite structure for all the grown films. The room temperature VSM measurements showed that the films of lower thickness have better ferromagnetism than that of the thicker films grown on both the substrates. Among the lower thickness films, the film grown on Si (111) substrate has higher saturation magnetization (291×10‐5 emu cm‐3) due to high density of the defects. The observed ferromagnetism has been well justified by XRD, Hall measurements and PL. The presence of Mn atoms in the film has been confirmed by EDS. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Utilization of Greenhouse Gases through Dry Reforming: Screening of Nickel‐Based Bimetallic Catalysts and Kinetic Studies
Authors: Fan Mun‐Sing , Abdullah Ahmad Zuhairi , Bhatia Subhash 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of bimetallic catalysts containing nickel supported over MgO–ZrO2 were tested for activity in the dry reforming of carbon dioxide. A nickel–cobalt bimetallic catalyst gave the best performance in terms of conversion and coke resistance from a range of Ni–X bimetallic catalysts, XCa, K, Ba, La, and Ce. The nitrogen‐adsorption and hydrogen‐chemisorption studies showed the Ni–Co bimetallic supported catalyst to have good surface area with high metal dispersion. This contributed to the high catalytic activity, in terms of conversion activity and stability of the catalyst, at an equimolar methane/carbon dioxide feed ratio. The kinetics of methane dry reforming are studied in a fixed‐bed reactor over an Ni–Co bimetallic catalyst in the temperature range 700–800 °C by varying the partial pressures of CH4 and CO2. The experimental data were analyzed based on the proposed reaction mechanism using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model. The activation energies for methane and carbon dioxide consumption were estimated at 52.9 and 48.1 kJ mol−1, respectively. The lower value of CO2 activation energy compared to the activation energy of CH4 indicated a higher reaction rate of CO2, which owes to the strong basicity of nanocrystalline support, MgO–ZrO2.
Depth profiling of gold nanoparticles and characterization of point spread functions in reconstructed and human skin using multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Labouta Hagar I. , Hampel Martina , Thude Sibylle , Reutlinger Katharina , Kostka Karl‐Heinz , Schneider Marc 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMultiphoton microscopy has become popular in studying dermal nanoparticle penetration. This necessitates studying the imaging parameters of multiphoton microscopy in skin as an imaging medium, in terms of achievable detection depths and the resolution limit. This would simulate real‐case scenarios rather than depending on theoretical values determined under ideal conditions. This study has focused on depth profiling of sub‐resolution gold nanoparticles (AuNP) in reconstructed (fixed and unfixed) and human skin using multiphoton microscopy. Point spread functions (PSF) were determined for the used water‐immersion objective of 63×/NA = 1.2. Factors such as skin‐tissue compactness and the presence of wrinkles were found to deteriorate the accuracy of depth profiling. A broad range of AuNP detectable depths (20–100 μm) in reconstructed skin was observed. AuNP could only be detected up to ∼14 μm depth in human skin. Lateral (0.5 ± 0.1 μm) and axial (1.0 ± 0.3 μm) PSF in reconstructed and human specimens were determined. Skin cells and intercellular components didn't degrade the PSF with depth. In summary, the imaging parameters of multiphoton microscopy in skin and practical limitations encountered in tracking nanoparticle penetration using this approach were investigated. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Decomposable conformal holonomy in Riemannian signature
Authors: Armstrong Stuart , Leitner Felipe 
Published: October 2011

AbstractVia Cartan and tractor calculus there is an invariant notion of conformal holonomy. Similar to the deRham decomposition theorem of Riemannian geometry, there is a geometric decomposition theorem for conformal holonomy as well. This was established in 3 and 15,17. However, in general, conformal manifolds with decomposable holonomy exhibit singularities. In this paper we solve the singularity case, which is based on the Sl‐doubling construction of 20.
Linear‐dendritic polymeric amphiphiles as carriers of doxorubicin—In vitro evaluation of biocompatibility and drug delivery
Authors: Wu Zhihua , Zeng Xianghui , Zhang Yuning , Feliu Neus , Lundberg Pontus , Fadeel Bengt , Malkoch Michael , Nyström Andreas M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn our recent work, we have explored the formation of chemotherapeutic delivery vehicles constructed from four different amphiphilic linear‐dendritic hybrid block copolymers. These micelles were found to form about 100‐nm‐sized structures that were capable of sequestering doxorubicin at loading efficiencies up to 22%. Here, the cellular toxicity of these biocompatible and biodegradable linear‐dendritic hybrid materials was evaluated on two breast cancer cell lines and primary human macrophages. The micelles were found not to affect the cellular viability at concentrations below 35 μg mL−1. After drug loading, these constructs could deliver an efficient dose of drugs, resulting in significant decreases in cell viability. Kinetic studies indicated that the drug formulation in the polymer micelles slowed down the cell uptake compared with the nonformulated drug, but similar efficacy in viability reduction and cell apoptosis were found. Taken together, these linear‐dendritic hybrid materials represent an interesting novel architecture for the construction of drug delivery systems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
A convergence of photo‐bergman cyclization and intramolecular chain collapse towards polymeric nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu Benchuan , Qian Guannan , Xiao Yuli , Deng Sheng , Wang Meng , Hu Aiguo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEmploying enediynes as crosslinking precursors, a novel yet efficient strategy, namely photo‐triggered Bergman cyclization, was integrated with intramolecular chain collapse to yield polymeric nanoparticles with the size regime below 20 nm. Enediyne motif was designed delicately to possess a high photo‐reactivity, with the double bond locked in a methyl benzoate ring while triple bonds substituted with phenyls. Single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization was conducted to provide linear acrylate copolymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities. Poly(butylarylate‐co‐5) went through UV‐irradiation with a concurrent Bergman cyclization, resulting in well‐defined ultrafine polymeric nanoparticles. Results from NMR, Raman scattering, photoluminescence and UV‐vis spectra corroborated the presence of conjugative structures in the polymeric nanoparticles, indicating the occurrence of photo‐induced Bergman cyclization. A series of other acrylate‐based nanoparticles were investigated to confirm the applicability of such a unique strategy in thermal sensitive but UV‐stable polymeric structures, making photo‐Bergman cyclization a promising tool towards polymeric nanoparticles. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Effect of n‐type doping on the hole transport in poly(p‐phenylene vinylene)
Authors: Lu Mingtao , Nicolai Herman T. , Wetzelaer Gert‐Jan A. H. , Blom Paul W. M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractN‐type doping of poly(2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)‐p‐phenylene vinylene) (MEH‐PPV) with decamethylcobaltocene (DMC) strongly improves the electron transport due to filling of the electron traps. Unexpectedly, the n‐type doping simultaneously suppresses the hole transport in MEH‐PPV. We demonstrate that this strong reduction of the hole transport originates from unionized DMC molecules that act as hole traps. This hole trapping effect explains why the current of a DMC‐doped MEH‐PPV polymer light‐emitting diode is orders of magnitude lower than that of the undoped device. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
The Rapidity of Studentification and Population Change: There Goes the (Student)hood
Authors: Sage Joanna , Smith Darren , Hubbard Phil 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTResearch on the linkages between student migration and residential change in university towns and cities has mainly focused on neighbourhoods with deeply engrained and relatively mature expressions of studentification. Limited attention has been given to neighbourhoods that are in the process of being studentified or experiencing the preliminary, trend‐setting flows of student in‐migration. As a result, there is limited understanding of the pace of local demographic change and population restructuring in studentifying neighbourhoods. To these ends, this paper analyses the term‐time addresses of students in Brighton, UK, between 2006/2007 and 2008/2009. A volatile residential distribution of student populations is revealed. We explore the factors underpinning these shifting student geographies by focusing on a specific neighbourhood undergoing profound population transformation during the period of study. This allows us to reveal how studentification unfolds ‘in situ’, shedding light on the rapidity of population and demographic restructuring that is mediated by the conversion of family‐dwelling houses to student Housing in Multiple Occupation. Our findings are pertinent to recent planning policies to engineer balanced populations and housing markets by regulating the (over)production of student Housing in Multiple Occupation in university towns and cities. More broadly, the paper serves to demonstrate the value of adopting a longitudinal approach to gathering primary qualitative and quantitative data to track local changes to migration flows, demographic and population structures, and neighbourhood transformations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oil Companies and Sustainable Community Development in the Niger Delta, Nigeria: the Issue of Reciprocal Responsibility and its Implications for Corporate Citizenship Theory and Practice
Authors: Idemudia Uwafiokun 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTMost of the works that have explored the relationship between Corporate Citizenship (CC) initiatives and their contribution to sustainable community development in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria have been insightful. However, the question of reciprocal responsibility has largely been unaddressed. Similarly, disagreement persists with regard to the impact of oil multinational corporations' (MNC) CC initiative on governmental community development efforts and its implication for sustainable community development. Unfortunately, these gaps have allowed for a number of CC orthodoxies to emerge in the region with practical ramifications for community development. The findings presented here suggest that local communities accept and have a clear sense of what constitutes their reciprocal responsibility. In addition, there was limited evidence to suggest that oil MNCs efforts at community development affected governmental community development initiatives in the region. The paper concludes by considering the implications of its findings for CC theory and practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Effects of enzyme replacement therapy on five patients with advanced late‐onset glycogen storage disease type II: a 2‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Furusawa Yoshihiko , Mori‐Yoshimura Madoka , Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Sakamoto Chikako , Wakita Mizuki , Kobayashi Yoko , Fukumoto Yutaka , Oya Yasushi , Fukuda Tokiko , Sugie Hideo , Hayashi Yukiko K. , Nishino Ichizo , Nonaka Ikuya , Murata Miho 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe examined the efficacy of 2‐year enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) using recombinant human α‐glucosidase (GAA; Myozyme®) in five long‐term ventilator‐dependent adults and aged patients with advanced, late‐onset glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII, also known as Pompe disease). Although all patients had advanced respiratory failure and were ventilator‐dependent for more than 6 years, four showed obvious improvements in muscle strength, pulmonary function, and activities of daily living after ERT. Improvement in each parameter was more prominent in the first year than in the second year. Values in the second year were still significantly better than those at study entry and indicate stabilization in the clinical status of all patients. These results suggest that ERT continues to be effective in the second year of treatment even in patients suffering from advanced late‐onset GSDII disease with severe respiratory failure.
Residual hip dysplasia as a risk factor for osteoarthritis in 45 years follow-up of late-detected hip dislocation
Authors: Terjesen Terje 
Published: October 2011

Purpose The aim of the study was to assess the role of residual hip dysplasia as a risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Methods Fifty-one patients (60 hips) with late-detected DDH were studied. Reduction had been performed at a mean age of 19 months (range 4–65 months). On radiographs at age 8–10 years, at skeletal maturity, and at long-term follow-up, femoral head coverage was assessed using the migration percentage (MP) and centre-edge (CE) angle. OA was diagnosed if the minimum joint space width of the upper part of the joint was <2.0 mm. Results The mean age at the last follow-up was 45 years (range 43–49 years) in patients who had not undergone total hip replacement (THR). Ten patients had developed OA and eight of them had undergone THR at a mean age of 40 years (range 32–47 years). There was a clear association between OA and residual hip dysplasia. At the last follow-up, 37 hips had normal CE angles (20° or higher) and OA had developed in only two of them (5%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1–18%). Hip dysplasia without subluxation (CE angle 10–19°) was seen in 18 hips, of which 14 hips had good outcome and four had OA (22%; 95% CI 6–48%). Subluxation occurred in five hips, of which one had a good long-term outcome and four had OA (80%; 95% CI 28–99%). In patients without late reconstructive surgery, MP increased from the age of 10 years to skeletal maturity; thereafter, no significant change occurred. The CE angle did not change significantly between the age of 10 years and the last follow-up. Conclusion Hip dysplasia without subluxation has a relatively good long-term prognosis. Subluxation is a risk factor for osteoarthritis. Thus, children with MP above 33% and CE angle under 10° should be evaluated for reconstructive surgery in order to improve the long-term outcome.
Input–output measures for model reduction and closed-loop control: application to global modes
Authors: Barbagallo Alexandre , Sipp Denis , Schmid Peter J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFeedback control applications for flows with a large number of degrees of freedom require the reduction of the full flow model to a system with significantly fewer degrees of freedom. This model-reduction process is accomplished by Galerkin projections using a reduction basis composed of modal structures that ideally preserve the input–output behaviour between actuators and sensors and ultimately result in a stabilized compensated system. In this study, global modes are critically assessed as to their suitability as a reduction basis, and the globally unstable, two-dimensional flow over an open cavity is used as a test case. Four criteria are introduced to select from the global spectrum the modes that are included in the reduction basis. Based on these criteria, four reduced-order models are tested by computing open-loop (transfer function) and closed-loop (stability) characteristics. Even though weak global instabilities can be suppressed, the concept of reduced-order compensators based on global modes does not demonstrate sufficient robustness to be recommended as a suitable choice for model reduction in feedback control applications. The investigation also reveals a compelling link between frequency-restricted input–output measures of open-loop behaviour and closed-loop performance, which suggests the departure from mathematically motivated ${\mathscr{H}}_{\infty } $-measures for model reduction toward more physically based norms; a particular frequency-restricted input–output measure is proposed in this study which more accurately predicts the closed-loop behaviour of the reduced-order model and yields a stable compensated system with a markedly reduced number of degrees of freedom.
Melting and dissolving of a vertical solid surface with laminar compositional convection
Authors: Wells Andrew J. , Worster M. Grae 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe consider laminar compositional convection of buoyant melt released by ablation of a vertical solid surface into a two-component fluid. Asymptotic solutions are used to describe separate cases: the ablation rate is either controlled by thermal transport, corresponding to melting, or by solutal transport, corresponding to dissolution. Melting is faster and generates a stronger flow than dissolving. We determine the temperature and solute concentration conditions leading to either melting or dissolving and find that these conditions do not vary with the strength of the buoyancy that drives convective flow.
Action of Natural Abscisic Acid Precursors and Catabolites on Abscisic Acid Receptor Complexes
Authors: Kepka Michal , Benson Chantel L. , Gonugunta Vijay K. , Nelson Ken M. , Christmann Alexander , Grill Erwin , Abrams Suzanne R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates stress responses and controls numerous aspects of plant growth and development. Biosynthetic precursors and catabolites of ABA have been shown to trigger ABA responses in physiological assays, but it is not clear whether these are intrinsically active or whether they are converted into ABA in planta. In this study, we analyzed the effect of ABA precursors, conjugates, and catabolites on hormone signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The compounds were also tested in vitro for their ability to regulate the phosphatase moiety of ABA receptor complexes consisting of the protein phosphatase 2C ABI2 and the coreceptors RCAR1/PYL9, RCAR3/PYL8, and RCAR11/PYR1. Using mutants defective in ABA biosynthesis, we show that the physiological activity associated with ABA precursors derives predominantly from their bioconversion to ABA. The ABA glucose ester conjugate, which is the most widespread storage form of ABA, showed weak ABA-like activity in germination assays and in triggering ABA signaling in protoplasts. The ABA conjugate and precursors showed negligible activity as a regulatory ligand of the ABI2/RCAR receptor complexes. The majority of ABA catabolites were inactive in our assays. To analyze the chemically unstable 8′- and 9′-hydroxylated ABA catabolites, we used stable tetralone derivatives of these compounds, which did trigger selective ABA responses. ABA synthetic analogs exhibited differential activity as regulatory ligands of different ABA receptor complexes in vitro. The data show that ABA precursors, catabolites, and conjugates have limited intrinsic bioactivity and that both natural and synthetic ABA-related compounds can be used to probe the structural requirements of ABA ligand-receptor interactions.