bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hate Crimes and Violence
Authors: Talusan Liza A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
While every generation has a major social and political event that marks significance for that period, young people today are growing up with a frequency of traumatic events, including turbulent political factions, hate speech, shootings at schools and other public places, racial violence, and systemic actions reversing long-standing personal rights. Different from previous generations, however, is the easy access to firsthand accounts through social media, video devices, streaming platforms, and through surveillance and security cameras that are made readily available 24/7. Because of this availability of information, many of these instances feel closer to home as individuals watch these events on their phones, screens, and televisions. It is important that parents and caregivers have tools for navigating the trauma of identity-related events to provide support and safety for young people as they are exposed to and experience hate crimes and violence.
Relocating and Starting a New School
Authors: Burdette Evan T. , La Greca Annette M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Starting a new school is stressful and challenging for most youth and their parents. Children may face increased academic and social demands, and parents may feel overwhelmed by changes in routine and struggle to adjust to their child’s unique needs. This chapter provides parents with an overview of strategies they can use to help their child start a new school based on their developmental stage and unique situation, such as moving during the school year. Additionally, the authors provide considerations for children with unique needs, such as children with learning disorders, developmental delays, or autism. The strategies outlined in this chapter will enable parents to help their child make a successful transition to a new school, even in challenging circumstances.
Driving
Authors: DaSilva Daniel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Allowing your adolescent to get behind the wheel of a 3,000-pound motor vehicle and drive off for the first time will doubtless trigger some level of parental anxiety. Learning to drive an automobile is often a rite of passage for adolescents, that many parents approach with a mix of pride and trepidation. Acting as a role model and talking through good driving habits and responsible behavior behind the wheel with your adolescent are critically important. This chapter discusses common hazards for parents to consider in teaching and supporting their child as a good driver.
Money Matters
Authors: Martin William 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
“Money makes the world go ’round” is a popular saying. This chapter focuses on developing financially healthy children and adolescents. A key theme is to tap into one’s power as a parent or caregiver, and intentionally design lessons to enhance the financial health of children and adolescents. To make this easier and more practical, a five-step framework is provided for parents to follow and customize to fit the needs of their family.
Shyness and Social Anxiety
Authors: Fox Jeremy K. , Escobar Melissa B. , Thomas Hannah M. , Warner Carrie Masia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
All children and adolescents experience shyness or feelings of social discomfort at times. However, some struggle with more frequent or extreme shyness and may have what is known as social anxiety disorder (SAD). SAD involves persistent and debilitating nervousness in social situations due to fears of criticism and embarrassment. Signs and symptoms of SAD include expecting bad things to happen in social situations, experiencing distressing physical sensations when anxious, and avoiding or escaping from social settings. For parents, it can be useful to recognize signs of when their children’s social anxiety may be a concern and to learn strategies for helping them, such as increasing social opportunities and rewarding brave behavior. Some young people may also benefit from working with a psychologist who can provide cognitive-behavioral therapy to help them gradually face their feared social situations. Resources with additional tips for parents are included.
Sadness and Depression
Authors: MacPherson Heather A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
All children and adolescents experience sadness, anger, and boredom at times. However, it is important to differentiate normative negative emotional reactions from clinical depression that may require treatment. This chapter discusses the difference between typical negative emotions versus clinical depression in childhood and adolescence. The chapter concludes by offering suggestions for how caregivers can support children and adolescents struggling with depression, such as differentiating the child/adolescent from their mood symptoms, monitoring their symptoms, practicing effective communication strategies, focusing on positive behaviors, adjusting expectations, encouraging engagement in pleasant activities/positive coping strategies, establishing routines/structure and healthy habits, planning ahead, problem-solving, assessing for safety, seeking professional help, and engaging in self-care.
Suicide Risk and Self-Injury
Authors: Lopez Nadja N. , Guerry John D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Youth reports of emotional distress are at critical stages. In 2021, 42% of high school students felt so sad or hopeless almost every day for at least two weeks in a row that they stopped doing their usual activities. It is vital for parents to have a clear understanding of how emotional distress is related to non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviors in youth. This chapter offers statistics, information, and practical responses for parents when assessing for and dealing with potential suicidal behaviors in their children.
Jazz Migrations
Authors: Gazit Ofer 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Since the 1990s, migrant musicians have become increasingly prominent in New York City’s celebrated jazz scene. Challenging norms about who can be an American jazz musician and what immigrant music should sound like, these musicians create a more mobile and diverse notion of jazz, while inadvertently contributing to processes of gentrification and institutionalization. Jazz Migrations is the first book-length study to discuss the impact of contemporary transnational migration on New York jazz, examining its effects on educational institutions, club scenes, and jam sessions. As it traces the role of movement in the music of migrant musicians, it urges us to rethink genre boundaries, senses of belonging, and musical identities.
Time and Spacetime
Authors: Bardon Adrian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In Europe, thanks to its being championed by the Catholic Church, Aristotelian physics persisted as pretty much the one and only approach to understanding nature, all the way up to the arrival of the Scientific Revolution in the seventeenth century. There were a number of great (and, often, courageous) scientists associated with this movement—such as Giordano Bruno, Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon, and Robert Boyle—but Isaac Newton was, in many ways, the most successful of them all. While other scientists had disproved certain elements of Aristotelian or Catholic dogma (most famously, the geocentric model of the universe), Newton produced a comprehensive system of physical laws that totally superseded what had been the received view since ancient times. This system persisted until Einstein, whose revision of Newtonianism took our understanding of time to a whole new level.
Time and Freedom
Authors: Bardon Adrian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Is the future already written? According to the static theory of time, all so-called ‘future’ events timelessly be, distributed over the temporal dimension of spacetime. Since static theory seems to suggest that all facts just are what they are, with no distinction between the future and the ‘settled’ past, it might be taken to imply that we cannot change the future: if there is only one way for things to go, then we can’t choose otherwise than we in fact do. How can we be free, if we can’t choose otherwise than we do? Is the impossibility of free will really a consequence of the static theory of time? (And, if so, would this consequence be a reason to reject that theory?)
Living with Ghosts
Authors: Jack Max 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores Black Corner’s own reflexivity regarding the politics of crowd participation, following the ways that the group grappled with their ice hockey team’s history—that which was linked with East German authoritarianism and Nazism in the German imaginary. In East Germany, Sport Club Dynamo was sponsored by the secret police called the Stasi, and after the fall of the Berlin Wall was later dominated by a right-wing hooligan fan scene in the 1990s. For Black Corner, discourse over the politics of performance meant abstaining from singing preexisting content that they deemed racist, sexist, or homophobic at Eishockey Club Dynamo. Black Corner was also beginning to insert overtly antifascist discourse into the arena as well—a strategy meant to assert the collective values of the group.
Similes et Aequales
Authors: Smolin Nathan Israel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 profiles Hilary of Poitiers as the innovator of a new anthropology and theology of equality and a belief in the Christian episcopate as the sole institutional link between human and divine realms. Section 6.1 discusses Hilary’s life and his importance to the development of the Nicene consensus. In De synodis (section 6.2), Hilary is portrayed as attempting to unite different theological factions via a detailed metaphysical treatment of the concept of equality. In section 6.3, Hilary’s direct engagement with Lucifer of Cagliari is argued for. Hilary’s efforts led to Ad Constantium (section 6.4), a last-minute attempt to convince Constantius to reverse his conciliar campaign. This appeal’s failure, section 6.5 argues, led to Hilary’s decision to embrace a Luciferean generic model in In Constantium, a furious effort to make of Constantius a unifying antagonist for the episcopate as a whole.
Geopolitical Condition Red
Authors: Toal Gerard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the contemporary geopolitical condition. The 2021 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report underscores the perilous condition humanity finds itself in: code red due to rising surface and oceanic temperatures across the planet. Moreover, the condition is characterized by an Earth system that is imposing significant dislocation on human living spaces. Yet, geopolitics continues as normal. This unstable state of affairs will inevitably produce future climate shocks and environmental emergencies. The climate crisis presents a mobilization problem, especially when the climate emergency has no clear territorial front lines, unlike great power geopolitics.
Deciphering International Punishments
Authors: Mallavarapu Siddharth 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Drawing on literary, legal, and political registers, this chapter examines the normative arc that frames international punishments. It approaches the question of normativity and its material implications from the perspective of a critical Global South sensibility and poses fundamental questions around the nature of international punishment and stigmatization as well as the meanings of retributive and rehabilitative justice both in the past and in the present. Embedding international punishment in broader historical and international political economy contexts compels the revisitation of “colonial mindsets,” “standards of civilization,” and persisting “racial capitalism,” in addition to the unfolding politics around reparation claims from different areas of the world.
Robert Owen’s Cooperative Vision
Authors: Madden Kirsten , Persky Joseph 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
After his successful experimentation in industrial organization to the benefit of his workforce at New Lanark, Robert Owen became an architect and proselytizer of cooperation. He is the first cooperative theorist in Great Britain. Assuming the desire for happiness and the plasticity of human nature, Owen deduces the major propositions in his new social science. Cooperation—a cordial, other-centered working together by all for the benefit of each—is the only structure that promises superabundance and the achievement of meaningful human development. Success in cooperation requires a fundamentally restructured rational-ethical program of education. Owen also drew institutional blueprints for villages, schools, and workplaces. Perhaps the most fundamental contradiction of Owen’s cooperation lies in his penchant for paternalistic authority to lead cooperative organizations.
The Cooperative Socialism of J. S. Mill and Harriet Taylor
Authors: Madden Kirsten , Persky Joseph 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
John Stuart Mill and his wife Harriet Taylor, place cooperation at the center of a new understanding of social progress. Anticipating elements of Marxian historical materialism, Mill and Taylor identify fundamental tendencies pushing toward cooperation. There is an evolution among the labor force fueled by education and a growing sense of independence. Over time, workers assert control over (Malthusian) population growth and demand higher wages, developments that generate a falling rate of profit. The resulting tension promises a revolutionary change in the relations of production and a broad shift toward cooperatives. Mill and Taylor predict that the new economy will be far more productive and equal but insist that maintaining inter-cooperative competition in a market setting is crucial to the ultimate success of such new modes of production. Their version of cooperative competition remains influential on classical liberal political economy through the end of the 19th century.
The Upstart Strategy
Authors: Mastro Oriana Skylar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes what the upstart strategy is, how it has been used by China to enter the great power club, and what factors have determined the contours of China’s unique strategic approach. To explain the value of an upstart strategy, the chapter probes the idea of emulation in international politics, including the conditions in which emulation is effective as a competitive approach. Overall, this chapter discusses the basic propositions of competition theory, showing why actors are sometimes driven toward tactics, activities, and strategies that differ from those of their primary competitors. The chapter then further lays out the three components of the upstart strategy—emulation, exploitation, and entrepreneurship. It then discusses the pros and cons of each, which ultimately sets the conditions under which each component is likely to be the preferred pathway to power.
Conclusion
Authors: Mastro Oriana Skylar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter unpacks what we can anticipate from China’s behavior moving forward, and what would be the best US and allied policy response. It argues that exploitation approaches are the most likely contenders for potential change as China’s power continues to grow and China’s entrepreneurial approaches are least likely to change. In terms of how the United States can build and maintain a competitive edge, this chapter argues that the United States and its allies should do three things. One is to undermine the efficiency of China’s entrepreneurial approaches by imposing costs in new areas of competition. The second is to close the gaps China exploits to build power. The third is to encourage more Chinese emulation where the United States maintains competitive advantage.
Seeing Red
Authors: Oates Sarah , Ramsay Gordon Neil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The convergence of strategic narratives from U.S. President Donald Trump and the Kremlin created historic opportunities for Russia’s global propaganda war. This could not have happened without Trump, who has been aided and abetted by politicians and U.S. news outlets, such as Fox, that favor propaganda over information. Through the 2020 election, the Stop the Steal conspiracy, and the Capitol insurrection, Russians found myriad ways to publicize the end of American democracy and the rise of Russia. Identifying and tracking four key Russian strategic narratives—democracy is flawed and failing, resurgent Russia, protecting Russians abroad, and the West is out to destroy Russia—allows us to better understand how Russian propaganda finds echoes in U.S. news. Despite knowledge of the risk and resourceful work by analysts and journalists in tracking down Russian propaganda in the United States, the problem of foreign disinformation continues to this day and played a key role in Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Our analysis deploys both traditional political communications methods such as content analysis as well as computational methods to leverage our insights at a greater scale. Detecting foreign propaganda in U.S. news is a critical task for democracy. At the same time, we need to understand a dangerous menace lies not just in how foreign governments attempt to manipulate the media, but in how the U.S. media system has been compromised by domestic actors who follow an authoritarian playbook.
Curating Chaos
Authors: Oates Sarah , Ramsay Gordon Neil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 presents an in-depth analysis of coverage of conspiracy theories of electoral fraud and the Capitol insurrection on Russian and U.S. right-wing news outlets: RT, Sputnik, Fox News, and Newsmax. The chapter shows that electoral fraud and the resulting violence were of great interest as both news and propaganda showcased the failures of American democracy. Russian propaganda sites enthusiastically covered the election conspiracy narrative along with the violence, using a dark moment in U.S. politics to bolster a significant Russian strategic narrative of the demise of democracy. This allowed the Russian outlets an unprecedented opportunity to construct their propaganda and attack democracy by drawing on statements by U.S. elite political figures, especially Donald Trump, as well as U.S. right-wing news content.
Interlude
Authors: Boffone Trevor 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Extending the ways that Beetlejuice revolutionized Broadway marketing practices, the book’s first interlude reveals how musical theatre TikTokers use the platform as a digital stage door. This practice peels back the curtain and brings fans backstage into the world of musical theatre. I focus on popular TikToker Amber Ardolino. Ardolino’s interactive, fan-centered TikTok account positioned her as one of Hamilton’s most approachable stars when Broadway re-open in fall 2021. Ardolino’s TikTok account offers a model for how actors might engage with fans on social media.
Memory and Aging: The Basics
Authors: Anderson Nicole D. , Murphy Kelly J. , Troyer Angela K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 answers basic questions about the memory changes that most people experience as they grow older: When do changes begin? What is normal? Why does memory change with age? It is not always easy to tell the difference between memory changes that happen to everyone as they grow older, and those that are part of MCI. Some degree of memory change is perfectly normal and expected with age. It begins earlier than most people realize, usually during one’s late teens or early 20s. Many of these memory changes are caused by age-related changes in the brain. Heart health, medications, mood, sleep, and other health factors can also cause changes in memory.
What Is Mild Cognitive Impairment?
Authors: Anderson Nicole D. , Murphy Kelly J. , Troyer Angela K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 provides an overview of mild cognitive impairment, or MCI. Cognitive changes in MCI fall between the mild changes that everyone experiences with age and the severe changes seen in dementia. In some cases, normal aging progresses to MCI, and MCI progresses to dementia, but this is not true for everyone. MCI is a risk factor for dementia, and people with MCI have a higher than average risk of developing dementia. There are a number of different types of MCI, defined according to the type and number of cognitive abilities that are impaired. Different types of MCI are generally caused by different diseases or disorders that affect the brain.
What Is Dementia?
Authors: Anderson Nicole D. , Murphy Kelly J. , Troyer Angela K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 sets the stage for Section Two of this book. This chapter starts out by defining dementia, by providing the clinical definition, and then unpacking that so that readers have a good understanding of what dementia is, and how it is the symptom of one of a number of brain diseases that can cause dementia. This chapter also discusses how it can affect not only cognition but also behavior and body functions. Trends in the prevalence and incidence of dementia worldwide are discussed. Then, the four main brain diseases causing dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and dementia due to Parkinson’s disease or Lewy Body disease, are briefly introduced in preparation for the next four chapters.
Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Anderson Nicole D. , Murphy Kelly J. , Troyer Angela K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 dives deeper into Alzheimer’s disease. It starts by defining Alzheimer’s disease, and its hallmark characteristics of developing slowly and progressively getting worse. Then, different levels of diagnostic certainty (probable and possible) are distinguished. The difference between early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease is discussed, as are the differences between familial (inherited) and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. The next section describes the cognitive and behavioral changes that occur in Alzheimer’s disease. Following that is a description of the brain changes that occur with Alzheimer’s disease, including describing what the well-known “plaques” and “tangles” actually are, and how they can be seen in the brain through various kinds of neuroimaging. This section also talks about changes in brain structure and function with Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, drug treatments of Alzheimer’s disease are discussed.
Bringing Your Concerns About Memory Change to Your Family Doctor
Authors: Anderson Nicole D. , Murphy Kelly J. , Troyer Angela K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 17 explores the types of memory concerns an older adult might have, and how these concerns might lead them to want to talk to their family doctor. Experiencing memory change can be worrisome. The chapter provides helpful information to self-evaluate personal memory concerns. Also included is a self-guided survey that asks for information that will be important to tell the family doctor about and that can be prepared in advance of the doctor visit. What to expect during the visit in terms of review of physical health, medications, and possible tests the doctor may want to do are covered in the chapter.
Life as a Person with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Anderson Nicole D. , Murphy Kelly J. , Troyer Angela K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 24 talks about the non-cognitive changes experienced by a person living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Experiencing cognitive decline can influence other aspects of a person’s life and these influences are discussed with respect to small changes in being independent with easily managing more complex things in everyday life, such as planning a vacation. It also covers how self-confidence and mood can be negatively affected and how sensory changes, like hearing loss, can make cognitive problems worse. Advice and information on how to better cope with these non-cognitive changes is provided.