bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between gray matter density‐adjusted brain perfusion and age using brain MR images of 202 healthy children
Authors: Taki Yasuyuki , Hashizume Hiroshi , Sassa Yuko , Takeuchi Hikaru , Wu Kai , Asano Michiko , Asano Kohei , Fukuda Hiroshi , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe examined the correlation between brain perfusion and age using pulsed arterial spin‐labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance images (MRI) in a large number of healthy children. We collected data on brain structural and ASL perfusion MRI in 202 healthy children aged 5–18 years. Structural MRI data were segmented and normalized, applying a voxel‐based morphometric analysis. Perfusion MRI was normalized using the normalization parameter of the corresponding structural MRI. We calculated brain perfusion with an adjustment for gray matter density (BP‐GMD) by dividing normalized ASL MRI by normalized gray matter segments in 22 regions. Next, we analyzed the correlation between BP‐GMD and age in each region by estimating linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomial functions, using the Akaike information criterion. The correlation between BP‐GMD and age showed an inverted U shape followed by a U‐shaped trajectory in most regions. In addition, age at which BP‐GMD was highest was different among the lobes and gray matter regions, and the BP‐GMD association with age increased from the occipital to the frontal lobe via the temporal and parietal lobes. Our results indicate that higher order association cortices mature after the lower order cortices, and may help clarify the mechanisms of normal brain maturation from the viewpoint of brain perfusion. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lateralization of the arcuate fasciculus and its differential correlation with reading ability between young learners and experienced readers: A diffusion tensor tractography study in a chinese cohort
Authors: Qiu Deqiang , Tan Li‐Hai , Siok Wai‐Ting , Zhou Ke , Khong Pek‐Lan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAs Chinese reading engages a different neural network from alphabetic language reading, we investigate whether leftward lateralization of the arcuate fasciculus (AF), as observed in the Western population, is also present in the Chinese population and if it does, whether it is associated with better reading ability. Diffusion tensor tractography analysis on 75 Chinese subjects of three age groups (first graders, fourth graders, and college students) showed that 70–83% of them had leftward lateralization of the AF. The pattern of lateralization did not differ significantly among the three groups, suggesting that lateralization of the AF is formed at an early age and before one enters first grade. Among the first graders, who had just started to learn to read, subjects with strongly leftward lateralized AF scored significantly higher than those with other defined lateralization patterns in Chinese (P = 0.001) and English (P = 0.036) reading tasks. This association was not observed among the fourth graders and college students who were experienced Chinese readers. Among the fourth graders, females were found to obtain significantly higher Chinese (P = 0.033) and English reading scores than males (P = 0.002). Our study suggests a differential effect of leftward lateralization of the AF on reading ability at different stages of reading development in the Chinese population. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is implementation of continuous improvement possible? An evolutionary model of enablers and inhibitors
Authors: Garcia‐Sabater Julio J. , Marin‐Garcia Juan A. , Perello‐Marin M. Rosario 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to present an evolutionary model of the enablers and inhibitors affecting the implementation and sustainability of continuous improvement. With this aim, a qualitative study using the grounded theory was carried out. Interviews were conducted with managers responsible for continuous improvement in first‐tier suppliers in the automotive sector. As a result, two existing lines of research in the continuous improvement literature are synthesized: on one hand, the literature concerning the enablers and barriers associated with continuous improvement sustainability; and on the other, the literature concerning the evolutionary model. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phytochemical Investigation of Artemisia pallens
Authors: Ruikar Anjali D. , Jadhav Ravindra B. , Phalgune Usha D. , Rojatkar Supada R. , Puranik Vedavati G. , Deshpande Nirmala R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTwo new eudesmanolides, pallensin (1) and 4‐epipallensin (2), along with a known eudesmanolide, santonin, and a known flavone, 4‐epivalgarin, have been isolated from the aerial part of A. pallens. Their structures were established by detailed spectral studies (1D and 2D) and by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those of known compounds.
Investigation of thein vitrometabolism of the emerging drug candidate S107 for doping‐preventive purposes
Authors: Beuck S. , Schänzer W. , Thevis M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe metabolic fate of the emerging drug candidate S107, possessing the potential for misuse as performance‐enhancing agent in sports, was investigated byin vitrophase I and II experiments with human microsomal and S9 liver enzymes. The metabolites were identified by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation in positive mode (LC‐ESI–MS/MS). Their collision‐induced dissociation behaviour was studied by high‐resolution/high accuracy Orbitrap MSnanalysis, supported by stable isotope labelling, H/D‐exchange experiments and density functional theory calculations. Monooxygenation accounted for the main phase I metabolic transformation due toN‐ andS‐oxidation of the 1,4‐benzothiazepine core, as substantiated by chemical synthesis, selective reduction methods and characteristic APCI in source fragmentation behaviour of the metabolites. Another dominant metabolic pathway was demethylation, yielding theN‐ andO‐demethylated metabolite, respectively. The latter was further conjugated by glucuronidation as well as sulfonation in subsequent phase II metabolic reactions, whereas theN‐demethylated metabolite was not amenable to conjugation. The active drug molecule itself was converted to two glucuronic acid conjugates, which are proposed to consist of two quaternary S107‐N+‐glucuronide isomers. All glucuronides were susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis with β‐glucuronidase (Escherichia coli). A comprehensive LC‐ESI–MS(/MS)‐based detection method for urine was developed and its fitness for purpose was assessed. The assay can serve as a potential screening and/or confirmation method for S107 in clinical drug testing and doping control analysis in the future. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity and amplitude calibration of a Fourier transform 3D quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer
Authors: Janulyte Aurika , Zerega Yves , Carette Michel , Reynard Christelle , Andre Jacques 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWith a three‐dimensional (3D) quadrupole ion trap running in a Fourier transform operating mode, the detected signal is an image of the collective motion of the confined ions. Consequently, it is assumed that the image signal is the sum of the axial trajectories of the simultaneously confined ions. The resulting frequency spectrum after Fourier transformation comprises frequency peaks at the axial secular frequencies of the confined species according to their mass/charge ratio. With a singly confined species, the maximal amplitude of the image signal is proportional to the amplitude of the secular axial frequency peak.The matrix method is employed to express the axial trajectory sampled at the confinement field period. In that case, the expression of the image signal, as well as its maximal amplitude, is calculated as a function of the trap operating conditions and initial axial positions and axial velocities of the ions.The initial position and velocity distributions are connected to the injection mode. With the steady ion flow injection mode (SIFIM) and an initial phase of the confinement field equal to kπ, the maximal amplitude of the image signal is proportional to either the sum of the initial axial positions or the number of confined ions and the mean value of the initial axial positions.By simulation, amplitude fluctuation of the frequency peak is then calculated for a number of ions ranging between some tens to some thousands of ions injected by SIFIM. The peak amplitude fluctuations induced by the fluctuations of the number of ions are seven times greater than those induced by the fluctuations of the distribution of the initial axial positions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of Concern: Role of the Nrf2‐ARE pathway in early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Gang , Fang Qi , Zhang Jian , Zhou Dai , Wang Zhong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 and antioxidant‐response element (Nrf2‐ARE) pathway is a key regulator for modulating inflammation and oxidative damage, which are involved in the pathogenesis of early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous studies have demonstrated that Nrf2‐ARE pathway play neural protective roles in traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, and intracerebral hemorrhage models; however, it has not been investigated whether, and to what degree, the Nrf2‐ARE pathway is induced by SAH, and the role of the Nrf2‐ARE pathway in development of EBI following SAH remains unknown. Experiment 1 sought to investigate the time course of Nrf2‐ARE activation in the cortex in the early stage of SAH. In experiment 2, we assessed the effect of sulforaphane (SUL; a specific Nrf2 activator) on regulation of the Nrf2‐ARE pathway in the SAH model and evaluated the impact of SUL on EBI after SAH. The rat SAH model was used injection of 0.3 ml fresh arterial, nonheparinized blood into the prechiasmatic cistern over 20 sec. As a result, Nrf2 and its target gene product, heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), were up‐regulated in the cortex after SAH and peaked at 24 hr post‐SAH. After intraperitoneal SUL administration, the elevated expression of Nrf2‐ARE‐related factors such as Nrf2, HO‐1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and glutathione S‐transferase‐α1 (GST‐α1) was detected in the cortex at 48 hr following blood injection. In the SUL‐treated group, early brain damage such as brain edema, blood–brain barrier (BBB) impairment, cortical apoptosis, and motor deficits was significantly ameliorated compared with vehicle‐treated SAH rats. Our results suggest that the Nrf2‐ARE pathway is activated in the brain after SAH, playing a beneficial role in EBI development, possibly through inhibiting cerebral oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brain glycogen supercompensation in the mouse after recovery from insulin‐induced hypoglycemia
Authors: Canada Sarah E. , Weaver Staci A. , Sharpe Shannon N. , Pederson Bartholomew A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBrain glycogen is proposed to function under both physiological and pathological conditions. Pharmacological elevation of this glucose polymer in brain is hypothesized to protect neurons against hypoglycemia‐induced cell death. Elevation of brain glycogen levels due to prior hypoglycemia is postulated to contribute to the development of hypoglycemia‐associated autonomic failure (HAAF) in insulin‐treated diabetic patients. This latter mode of elevating glycogen levels is termed “supercompensation.” We tested whether brain glycogen supercompensation occurs in healthy, conscious mice after recovery from insulin‐induced acute or recurrent hypoglycemia. Blood glucose levels were lowered to less than 2.2 mmol/liter for 90 min by administration of insulin. Brain glucose levels decreased at least 80% and brain glycogen levels decreased approximately 50% after episodes of either acute or recurrent hypoglycemia. After these hypoglycemic episodes, mice were allowed access to food for 6 or 27 hr. After 6 hr, blood and brain glucose levels were restored but brain glycogen levels were elevated by 25% in mice that had been subjected to either acute or recurrent hypoglycemia compared with saline‐treated controls. After a 27‐hr recovery period, the concentration of brain glycogen had returned to baseline levels in mice previously subjected to either acute or recurrent hypoglycemia. We conclude that brain glycogen supercompensation occurs in healthy mice, but its functional significance remains to be established. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accurate analysis of trace pentachlorophenol in textiles by isotope dilution liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Su FuHai , Zhang Pan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA highly accurate method for measuring pentachlorophenol (PCP) concentrations in textile samples was developed. This highly accurate method for the analysis of textile samples is valuable, given the inherent challenges associated with the complexity of the sample matrix. This method can be applied to certify the concentration of pentachlorophenol in textile CRMs. A measurement procedure based on isotope dilution liquid chromatography‐isotope dilution mass spectrometry (LC‐IDMS) was developed. Samples were pretreated with acid and then with n‐hexane. Excellent precision was obtained. The validated concentration ranges for the method were 1.0–50 ng/g, the LOD was 1.0 ng/g, and the LOQ was 5.0 ng/g. The precision of this method is in the range of 0.80–1.40%. The method can trace to mass.
Kinetic parameter estimation of solvent‐free reactions monitored by 13C NMR spectroscopy, a case study: Mono‐ and di‐(hydroxy)ethylation of aniline with ethylene carbonate
Authors: Lucchini Vittorio , Fabris Massimo , Noè Marco , Perosa Alvise , Selva Maurizio 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe kinetics of solvent‐free reactions can be followed in situ by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, provided that the reaction mixture can be maintained liquid at the monitoring temperature. The pros and cons of the technique and the correct translation of the signal intensities into concentrations are discussed. A good model for this investigation is the reaction of ethylene carbonate (1) with aniline (2) at 140°C, two alkylation products of N‐mono‐ and N, N‐bis‐(2‐hydroxy)ethylation of aniline form (compounds 3 and 4, respectively). The overall reaction occurs with heavy volume shrinking, so that the physical as well as the chemical features evolve during the course of the process. The chemical evolution is described by the kinetic constants k1 and k2 of the two N‐alkylation steps, the physical evolution by the time‐dependent activity coefficients α(t). Two complementary procedures are utilized for the determination of these parameters. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 154–160, 2011
Towards the Generation of Self‐Healing Materials by Means of a Reversible Photo‐induced Approach
Authors: Froimowicz Pablo , Frey Holger , Landfester Katharina 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPhoto‐induced reversibility as a tool for self‐healing: a reversible photo‐induced dendritic macromonomer was synthesized and proven to form networks with different features depending on the crosslinking conditions. While networks formed from aqueous systems exhibited a reversible change in their crosslinking degree, networks generated in bulk underwent fully reversibility. The latter was then exploited for generating self‐healing materials by means of a photo‐induced treatment. magnified image
Clinical correlates of similar pathologies in parkinsonian syndromes
Authors: Song Yun Ju Christine , Huang Yue , Halliday Glenda Margaret 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground:There have been no previous studies assessing the severity of regional atrophy, cell loss and lesion densities between the overlapping conditions of Parkinson's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) and relating these pathologies to different clinical features.Methods:Clinical indices and basal ganglia, brainstem, and cerebellar pathology from 43 longitudinally studied cases (PD = 8, PSP = 15, MSA = 12, controls = 8) were compared. A point‐counting method was used to evaluate subregional volumes, and α‐synuclein and phospho‐tau immunohistochemistry was used to assess pathological inclusions and stage disease severity. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify pathological associations with clinical features.Results:All PD, PSP, and MSA cases had severe degeneration of the substantia nigra. Clinical features correlated with tissue loss and the severity of inclusion pathologies. Levodopa responsiveness and a lack of resting tremor was associated with preservation of pallidal volume, the presence of gait ataxia was associated with atrophy of the putamen, and the parkinsonian‐plus phenotype with early falls and supranuclear vertical gaze abnormalities had more substantial midbrain atrophy and greater inclusion pathology in the caudate nucleus.Discussion:This is the first study to compare the severity of regional pathologies across parkinsonian conditions. The data show that tissue loss and inclusion densities in certain regions correlate with clinical indices, with regional volume changes likely to be the best indicator of clinical progression of disease. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Phenotype of the 202 adenine deletion in the parkin gene: 40 years of follow‐up
Authors: Hassin‐Baer Sharon , Hattori Nobutaka , Cohen Oren S. , Massarwa Magdalena , Israeli‐Korn Simon D. , Inzelberg Rivka 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground:We describe the four decades follow‐up of 14 parkin patients belonging to two large eight‐generation‐long in‐bred Muslim‐Arab kindreds.Results:All patients had a single base‐pair of adenine deletion at nucleotide 202 of exon 2 (202A) of the parkin gene (all homozygous, one heterozygous). Parkinson's disease onset age was 17–68 years. Special features were intractable axial symptoms (low back pain, scoliosis, camptocormia, antecollis), postural tremor, and preserved cognition.Conclusions:The 202A deletion of the parkin gene causes early‐onset Parkinson's disease with marked levodopa/STN‐DBS–resistant axial features. Postural tremor and preserved cognition, even after 40 years of disease, were also evident. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Validation of screening instruments for neuroepidemiological surveys of tic disorders
Authors: Cubo Esther , Sáez Velasco Sara , Delgado Benito Vanesa , Ausín Villaverde Vanesa , Maria Trejo Gabriel y Galán Jose , Martín Santidrián Asuncion , Macarrón Vicente Jesús , Cordero Guevara José , Louis Elan D. , Benito‐León Julian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground:The main purpose was to validate a multistage protocol to screen tic disorders in mainstream and special education centers and to investigate whether telephone‐based interviews were accurate to diagnose tic disorders when compared with in‐person neurological interviews.Methods:A school‐based survey of children and adolescents (6–16 years). A proxy report questionnaire for tic disorders was completed by teachers, observers, and parents. The diagnosis was confirmed by the neurologist based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders (DSM‐IV TR) criteria. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, the likelihood ratio for a positive result (LR+), and the Kappa coefficients (k) for telephone‐based interviews reliability were calculated.Results:One hundred twenty subjects, 57 from special education center and 63 from a mainstream school were studied. The sensitivity of the proxy report questionnaire was 58% and 36% when completed by the observers (mainstream and special education center, respectively), 40 and 73% when completed by the teachers, and 58 and 36% when completed by the parents. Using any of these 3 screening sources, the sensitivity was 92%, the positive predictive value was 38%, and negative predictive value was 97% (mainstream schools), whereas the sensitivity was 82%, the positive predictive value was 20%, and negative predictive value was 82% (special education centers). Parents (mainstream schools) and teachers (special education center) produced the highest LR+ (7.25 and 1.26, respectively) and the intraobserver reliability of the telephone‐based interviews versus in‐person neurological interviews gave akcoefficient of 0.83.Conclusions:The efficiency of different screening instruments for tic disorders seems to vary in different settings. Telephone‐based interviews may be a valid and convenient backup to ascertain the diagnosis of tic disorders when face‐to‐face neurological examination is not possible. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Mitochondrial mimicry of multiple system atrophy of the cerebellar subtype
Authors: Mehta Arpan R. , Fox Susan H. , Tarnopolsky Mark , Yoon Grace 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground: We describe a patient with clinical and radiological findings suggestive of multiple system atrophy of the cerebellar subtype (MSA‐C). Methods/Results: Sequencing of the polymerase‐γ 1 (POLG1) gene revealed the patient had compound heterozygous mutations of the POLG1 gene. Muscle biopsy revealed the presence of multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions and depletion, confirming the pathogenic nature of the POLG1 mutations. Discussion: This case expands the spectrum of phenotypes associated with POLG1 mutations to include multiple system atrophy and prompts further consideration regarding whether routine screening for POLG1 mutations is indicated in this patient population. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Classification of Aurora‐A Kinase Inhibitors Using Self‐Organizing Map (SOM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM)
Authors: Wang Liyu , Wang Zhi , Yan Aixia , Yuan Qipeng 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTwo classification models of 148 Aurora‐A kinase inhibitors were developed to separate active and weakly potent active inhibitors of Aurora‐A kinase. Each molecule was represented by 12 selected molecular descriptors calculated by the ADRIANA.Code. Then the classification models were built using a Kohonen’s Self‐Organizing Map (SOM) and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) method, respectively, which could be used for virtual screening an existing database to find possible new lead compounds with higher activity. The prediction accuracy of the models for the training and test sets are 96.6 % and 90.0 % for SOM, 93.2 % and 93.3 % for SVM.
Childhood Obesity and Environmental Chemicals
Authors: La Merrill Michele , Birnbaum Linda S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractChildhood and adolescent rates of obesity and overweight are continuing to increase in much of the world. Risk factors such as diet composition, excess caloric intake, decreased exercise, genetics, and the built environment are active areas of etiologic research. The obesogen hypothesis, which postulates that prenatal and perinatal chemical exposure can contribute to risk of childhood and adolescent obesity, remains relatively underexamined. This review surveys numerous classes of chemicals for which this hypothesis has been explored. We focus on human data where they exist and also discuss the findings of rodent and cell culture studies. Organochlorine chemicals as well as several classes of chemicals that are peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor agonists are identified as possible risk factors for obesity. Recommendations for future epidemiologic and experimental research on the chemical origins of obesity are also given. Mt Sinai J Med 78:22–48, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine