bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saturn's 11th moon
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

An object that the Pioneer spacecraft almost collided with during its flyby of Saturn on September 1 of this year is most likely the suspected 11 th moon originally discovered in a 1966 photograph but not seen since then. Pictures of the object, as well as data from other experiments on the Pioneer spacecraft, are the basis for believing that the existence of the moon has now been confirmed. The object, dubbed ‘Pioneer Rock’ during the mission, has a diameter of 150–300 miles (241.4–482.8 km).The reason that the first interpretation of the moon's existence was not immediately accepted by all of the astronomy community is because the proposed orbit could be fit to other of Saturn's moons. Stephen M. Larsen and John W. Fountain, both research assistants at the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, who had done the original photographic analysis, failed to locate the moon because of Saturn's poor viewing position from earth since the 1966 photograph was taken. It turns out that satisfactory groundbased telescope observations of Saturn can be achieved only once every 13 years, at times when the rings are seen on edge and faint objects, such as this moon, are not obscured.
Huge natural oil seep found in N. Atlantic
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has reported the discovery of an oil‐rich layer of water hundreds of miles long, hundreds of feet beneath the surface of the southwestern North Atlantic, estimated to contain at least a million tons of crude oil apparently from a natural oil‐seep in the ocean floor.While the oil is too dispersed to be recovered for energy uses, the discovery could force drastic revisions in estimates of how much oil is naturally present in the sea. The oil layer appears to contain nearly twice the amount used by many scientists—0.6 million tons—to describe the amount of oil annually leaked into the global ocean from all natural sources.
Low‐grade energy potential for Mt. Hood
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The slopes of Mt. Hood volcano in Oregon appear to have sufficient low‐heat geothermal energy to be tapped for industrial use in Portland, 40 miles away, says David Williams, a USGS geophysicist, speaking at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco.Water temperatures found in shallow drilling in the area are not high enough to be used to generate electricity, he said, but they may be high enough to heat buildings.
AGI establishes Congressional Fellowship
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The American Geological Institute (AGI), in cooperation with the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), invites postdoctoral scientists or engineers and professionals in the geological field to apply for the recently established AGI Congressional Science and Engineering Fellowship. AGI thus joins the AGU and approximately 20 other professional scientific and engineering societies who sponsor Congressional Science and Engineering Fellows. AAAS coordinates the entire program, arranges the orientation and yearlong seminar programs, and assists in the selection process.By working for 1 year, beginning September 1, 1980, as a special legislative assistant on the staff of a member of Congress or congressional committee, fellows have an opportunity to contribute to the public policymaking process within Congress. The program includes an orientation on congressional and executive branch operations and a year‐long seminar program on issues involving science and public policy.
Help for field research
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Need money and/or extra hands for your field research in 1981? The Center for Field Research, a private, nonprofit organization, is seeking proposals to consider for 70 projects it will support with funds and volunteer help.The Center arranges for volunteer teams to assist researchers. An example of the kind of project sponsored by the Center was a geological survey of the volcano Poas in Costa Rica. For two consecutive seasons, volunteer teams assisted in compiling data that were used in drawing geological maps.
Geophysicists
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Richard S. Fiske, volcanologist, has been named director of the Smithsonian Institution's Museum of Natural History. He succeeds Porter Kier, a paleobiologist, who returned to research in June.Hal Langford, 54, of Arlington, Virginia, has been appointed associate chief hydrologist for the U.S. Geological Survey. He succeeds Milton Hackett, who held the position from 1968 until he retired in January.
Joint exploration in the South China Sea
Authors: Greathouse Lee 
Published: October 2011

Chinese scientists, and American researchers from Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, New York, are conducting joint explorations of the geological history, evolution, and structure of the South China Sea. Several parts of the project have already been completed and more sophisticated investigations are planned for the future.The combined effort got an official start on December 3rd, when Lamont‐Doherty associate director Dennis E. Hayes arrived in Kuangchow (Canton) aboard the observatory's research vessel Vema and signed formal protocols (agreements) with People's Republic of China Ministry of Geology representative Guo Zhenxi.
NASA budget reductions
Authors: Greathouse Lee 
Published: October 2011

The president's revised budget request would reduce the National Aeronautic and Space Administration's (NASA) FY 1981 budget by about $219 million. The reductions would thus trim about 3.5% from NASA's original request of $5.7 billion.Funds for development of the space shuttle have remained untouched by the new budget request. The shuttle is still slated to receive its $300 million FY 1980 supplemental request and the $1.87 billion FY 1981 allotment.
IDOE is past
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

For the 1970's, the International Decade of Ocean Exploration (IDOE) began as a legislative, foreign policy, and geopolitical undertaking. It ended short of its goals. E. Wenk, Jr., is quoted as saying‘… IDOE…failed to head off international conflict over intensified use of the sea by using collaborative exploration as a new and untainted means to achieve world comity’ (Oceanus, 23, 2–11,1980). The vehicle was oceanographic research; the tool was the oceanographic community.The goal of easing international tensions may not have been met, but the scientists involved appear to have met theirs, judging from the level of participation and the extent of scientific advances. Table 1 lists the ′70's decade activity. A survey of 800 marine scientists, affiliated with academic and research institutions throughout the United States, indicated that, for the most part, the quality of marine science supported by the federal government during IDOE was high (Figure 1).
Wind power assessment
Authors: Snow J. W. , Garstang M. 
Published: October 2011

A wind energy study of the East and Gulf coastal regions of the United States is being carried out at the University of Virginia under the direction of Michael Garstang and Roger A. Pielke. The Chesapeake Bay area, because of its complex coastline configuration, is one of three East and Gulf coastal areas which have been chosen for intensive study. A three‐dimensional computer model and a field observational program have been executed for the Chesapeake Bay area.Baroclinic factors, the result of land‐sea temperature differences and changes in aerodynamic roughness between land and sea, are known to generate local wind circulations over and near coastlines. The complexities of coastline configuration of the Chesapeake Bay and offshore islands result in an interaction between the large‐scale wind fields and the locally induced circulations. These interactions produce regions of persistently high and low wind speeds near the surface, and these wind speeds can be reproduced numerically (see cover, EOS, December 11, 1979). A conspicuous and persistent feature of wintertime model predictions of the wind power distribution in the Chesapeake Bay area is the landward minimum‐seaward maximum shown in Figure 1.
New oceanography award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Bedford Institute of Oceanography in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, has established the A. G. Huntsman Award for Excellence in Marine Science in order to honor men and women of any nationality who have had a significant influence on the course of marine scientific thought.The award is given in honor of Archibald Gowanlock Huntsman (1883–1972), a noted Canadian oceanographer. Recipients will receive a silver medal and participate in a lecture series. Each year, the award will be given, on a rotating basis, in one of three categories: biological oceanography, physical/chemical oceanography, and marine geoscience. Because this is the first year of the award, presentations have been made in all three categories.
University to supervise ship construction
Authors: Greathouse Lee 
Published: October 2011

Under the management of the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, two 41‐m research ships will be built for the National Science Foundation. The ‘multi discipline’ vessels are designed to accommodate equipment for a wide range of oceanographic research, including geophysical investigations and studies of fisheries, food resources, and pollution.The ships will cost a total of $5.9 million, but each is expected to cost about 25% less per year to operate than a 51.7‐m vessel that is currently used by Miami. The smaller size of the new ships will produce the savings through reduced fuel costs, according to a Miami ship operations staff member.
Bering Sea geophysical data
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

NOAA's National Geophysical and Solar‐Terrestrial Data Center has announced the availability of two sets of data taken from waters off the southwest coast of Alaska.One set consists of geophysical data associated with the areas selected for the outer continental shelf oil and gas lease sale number 70, scheduled for December 1982. The information consists of about 5939 km of nonproprietary high‐resolution seismic reflection data from the St. George Basin in the Bering Sea. Data set reference number is 1980 (SE‐0).
Hawaiian weather scanned
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

Observers with NOAA and the University of Hawaii are studying the Big Island, noted for its benevolent climate, with the end of improving predictions of less pleasant weather, tornados, hail, and flash floods. Using an advanced research aircraft (a WP‐3D Orion), instrumented vans operated by the University, ground stations, and balloons, they are examining clouds, air flow, precipitation, and airborne particles around the Big Island. The 2‐week study began June 12.The main goal of the study, the Hawaii Mesoscale Energy and Climate (Hamec) project, is to improve understanding of local‐scale weather, not only for better warnings of hazardous weather but for more efficient use of renewable and nonrenewable energy resources. Researchers at the NOAA Boulder laboratory have been devising numerical models of mesoscale
Changes in tide survey system
Authors: Greathouse Lee 
Published: October 2011

In a move to modernize and bring consistency to certain series of tide measurements, the National Ocean Survey (NOS), a subdivision of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, will make three major changes in its tidal datum system, according to Steacy D. Hicks, a NOS physical oceanographer.Essentially a surveying system that establishes base elevations, the tidal datum system includes determinations of average high and low tides.
Illinois State Geological Survey celebrates diamond anniversary
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

To commemorate its 75th anniversary this year, the Illinois State Geological Survey has scheduled an open house and symposium on ‘Perspectives in Geology,’ to be held in Urbana, III., October 9–10. Former members of the Survey will present talks on subjects ranging from ‘Geology and Technology’ to geochemistry of sediments, engineering geology, and geology and society.On November 18 the Survey will hold a reunion of Illinois State Geological Survey staff and alumni at the meeting of the Geological Society of America in Atlanta, Georgia.
NASA's budget still tight
Authors: Greathouse Lee 
Published: October 2011

The Solar Electric Propulsion System (Seps) may make it back into NASA's 1981 budget, but if it does, something else will probably have to come out.Seps, the ion‐propulsion system that is cheaper to operate and more fuel efficient than conventional propulsion systems, is needed for comet, asteroid, and extended planetary missions. It was omitted from the President's original 1981 budget request, however, which set off waves of disappointment and protest among space scientists.
New civil satellite system by late 1980's
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

A new satellite system that would provide valuable information to the users and managers of the nation's natural resources could be fully operational by the end of the decade, according to Richard A. Frank, administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).The system would be an outgrowth of the experimental Landsat‐D system that is scheduled for completion in 1982, Frank testified to subcommittees of the House Science and Technology Committee.
Space transportation briefings
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) began a comprehensive series of media briefings on the development and utilization of the nation's space transportation system September 10 at NASA headquarters in Washington, D.C. The series will continue throughout the initial flight testing of Columbia, the first space shuttle in the United States fleet of new Earth‐orbiting vehicles.During the first briefing on ‘Technological Innovation in the Design and Development of the Space Shuttle,’ NASA Administrator Robert Frosch presented an overview of the technological innovation required to design the country's first generation of reusable space vehicles. He identified and described the major advances required by the transition from the country's expendable Saturn launch vehicle capability, developed for the Apollo program, to the first generation of reusable space shuttle vehicles. He also reviewed how NASA and its contractors organized and conducted the various activities associated with those efforts.
Future space missions
Authors: Bell Peter M. 
Published: October 2011

An orbiting space factory, a self‐directed deep‐space exploration robot, a fully automated earth resources and environment monitor, and a lunar base that could grow through the self‐replication of many of its elements were examined in a space technology assessment workshop which looked at the next 25 years. The joint NASA/American Society of Engineering Education workshop, held this summer at the University of Santa Clara in California, selected and defined challenging space missions that would identify critical technology needs for future research and development. The workshop offered possible representative future missions rather than specific proposals.A highly versatile ‘intelligent’ satellite information system for most types of earth survey was suggested. Previous systems have produced huge masses of data because they record everything they see. The proposed information system would select and interpret data coming from its sensors to provide results tailored to specific needs.
New editors of JGR Green
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Ralph J. Cicerone and A. D. Kirwan, Jr., began 4‐year terms as co‐editors of t he green‐covered section of the Journal of Geophysical Research (Oceans and Atmospheres) on January 1, 1980, succeeding G. T. Csanady. Cicerone, until recently a research chemist at t he Scripps Institution of Oceanography, has just been appointed director of the Atmospheric Chemistry and Aeronomy Division of t he National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. Kirwan is an ocean physics research scientist with Science Applications, Inc., in Bryan, Texas.The July 1980 issue of J GR Green inaugurated an 18‐month experiment in which issues on oceanography and boundary layer meteorology topics (which was the July issue) will alternate with issues on aeronomy and atmospheric chemistry. Papers on atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric optics, atmospheric electricity, and climatology should be sent to Cicerone, who is handling the aeronomy and atmospheric chemistry issues. His address is NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, Colorado 80307. Papers on physical, optical, and chemical oceanography, boundary‐layer meteorology, and large‐scale air‐sea interactions should be sent to Kirwan, who is handling the oceanography and boundary layer meteorology issues. His address is Science Applications, Inc., Suite 101, 4348 Carter Creek Parkway, Bryan, Texas 77803. Either editor may receive papers on planetary surface properties, dynamical meteorology, cryospheric processes, and any other relevant topics.
New Earth sciences program
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

An interdisciplinary graduate program entitled Earth Sciences and Resources has been established at the University of California at Davis. Designed for students with undergraduate training in the physical sciences, engineering, or mathematics, the program will be administered by 45 faculty drawn from the departments of geology, chemistry, physics, geography, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, engineering applied science, environmental studies, and land, air, and water resources.M.S. and Ph.D. degrees will be awarded in fields such as solid‐earth geophysics, geophysical fluid dynamics, climate dynamics, geological materials science, nonrenewable resources, and environmental geophysics. A core curriculum of earth sciences courses will permit students with strong interest but little previous background in earth sciences to enter the program. The core curriculum includes courses in physical geology, ocean and atmosphere dynamics, geophysics, and geochemistry.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Mount St. Helens Volcano, Cascade Range, southern Washington, U.S.A. (46.20°N, 122.18°W). All times are local (GMT − 7 h). After the devastating eruption of May 18, smaller but significant explosions occurred on May 25, June 12, July 22, and August 7. A series of similar explosions October 16–18 deposited ash as far away as north central Oregon and destroyed the lava dome extruded after the August 7 eruption.Minor activity—early October. Activity from late August through early October was limited to slow outward movement of the northern crater rampart, minor seismicity, and weak vapor emission. A gradual increase in activity began October 7 with barely detectable harmonic tremor that started a few minutes after midnight and lasted less than an hour. During the day on the 7th, a few plumes, containing no appreciable ash, rose to about 3‐km altitude before drifting to the northeast. No harmonic tremor was recorded October 8, but shallow earthquakes of magnitudes 1.6 and 1.8 occurred at 1535 and 1537. Some October 8 plumes contained smaller amounts of ash. Several minor gas clouds, containing a little fine ash, were emitted October 10 between 0915 and 1100, accompanied by intermittent low‐level harmonic tremor. The initial column on the 10th reached 4.5–6‐km altitude and drifted to the north northeast. Two more gas plumes were emitted during the afternoon, again accompanied by minor seismicity. Gas emissions decreased in frequency and intensity October 11–13. Seismic records during poor weather on the 14th indicated that occasional minor gas emission continued. On October 15, some cracks that had not been present the preceding week were visible on the crater floor. Three small volcanic earthquakes were recorded, but no harmonic tremor was detected.
Hydrology Section Committees, 1980–1982
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Executive Committee. James R. Wallis (Chairman), R. L. Beard, S. J. Burges, V. T. Chow, Jared Cohon, Peter Eagleson, A. I. Johnson, M. A. Kohler, W. B. Langbein, N. C. Matalas, Helen J. Peters, R. M. Ragan, John C. Schaake, Waldo E. Smith, and Juan B. Valdes.Committee on Water Resources and Environmental Management. Yacov Y. Haimes (chairman), Jonathan Bulkley, Jared Cohon, Norbert Dee, Bob Friedman, Jack Frost, Helen Ingram, and William Yeh.
Are translations useful?
Authors: Molnar Peter 
Published: October 2011

The Translations Board is charged with evaluating AGU's program of translating Soviet and Chinese geophysical literature. To effectively complete this assignment, we need the help of AGU members who are familiar with current work in the USSR.The general questions that we are addressing are the following: 1. Are translations an important part of AGU's overall publications program? 2. Are AGU translations used? 3. Are AGU members missing important results because they are not using AGU translations? 4. Are AGU translations covering the most relevant material?
Thermosphere circulation modeled
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

When solar storms force the earth's auroras to lower latitudes, winds in the thermosphere reverse direction and are whipped up to velocities of 2250 km/h. A computer model has now been developed that will describe the circulation of the thermosphere—a 400‐km blanket enveloping the earth, with its bottom boundary at an altitude of 80 km—and its interaction with the auroras.Raymond G. Roble, of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, explained at the AGU Fall Meeting that the thermospheric model might be useful to predict variations in storm time and atmospheric drag on some earth satellites. If the thermosphere's dynamics are better understood, he reasoned, more accurate predictions of a satellite's orbital decay can be made. The model may also help to predict the effects of communications equipment and magnetic forces on power grids.
New map data catalog
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Map byproducts, including aerial photographs, color separations, map data in computer form, and other materials used in or produced during mapmaking, are described in a new catalog published by the U.S. Geological Survey.The 48‐page hardcover catalog is the first listing of the unpublished USGS civilian cartographic holdings. It covers such items as mapping photographs, computer‐enhanced LANDSAT pictures of Earth, cartographic data in computer form, microfilm and microfiche records, and a variety of features, including color separations, made in compiling and printing maps. The catalog also describes out‐of‐print maps available from USGS, along with land‐use and land‐cover maps, and other unusual items, such as slope maps and orthophotoquads. The catalog explains how to order advance copies of maps before they are published.
Mt. St. Helens' eruption potential lower
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The potential for a large explosive eruption of Mount St. Helens fell below potential in December, according to measurements made in mid‐January by scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Washington. Increased seismic activity beneath the volcano at the end of December had prompted the issuance of an advisory on December 27. In addition, the following day a new lava dome was first sited.Prior to Christmas Day, two small earthquakes (less than 3 on the Richter scale) were recorded daily. Late Christmas Day, these events increased, reaching a maximum rate of four events per hour 2 days later.