bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VII.—The Primitive Boulders of the Yorkshire Coast and their Lessons. A Reply to two Critics
Authors: Howorth Henry H. 
Published: May 2009

I Cannot sufficiently welcome the two letters devoted to myself in the July Number of the Geological Magazine; and I only hope Mr. Harker and Mr. Deeley will continue to face the issues between us, and not be content, as others have been, with fulminating more or less testy protests, and then retiring from the field.Mr. Deeley objects to my statement that the tendency of the most philosophical writers on geology is to go back from the scholastic formula of Uniformity enunciated by Lyell and Kamsay to more inductive reasoning. With the writings of Suess and Lapparent, of Spencer and of Prestwich, before me, all of them veterans of the first class, I cannot either understand or appreciate Mr. Deeley's protest.
III.—On a Supposed Tropical American Fish (Poecilia) from the Upper Miocene of Oeningen, Baden
Authors: Woodward Arthur Smith 
Published: May 2009

In 1861, the late Dr. T. C. Winkler, of Haarlem, published a memoir on some fishes from the well-known Upper Miocene fresh-water formation of Oeningen, and among other new forms he believed he could recognize an extinct species of the Cyprinodont genus, Poecilia. This peculiar fish not being known elsewhere beyond the fresh waters of tropical America, the determination of a Miocene representative in a European fresh-water deposit excited some interest both among geologists and ichthyologists; and the occurrence of Poecilia oeningensis in Baden has been almost universally quoted in textbooks and treatises as a fact worthy of special note.In his memoir Dr. Winkler mentions that he founds the species in. question on a series of specimens, partly in the Teyler Museum, partly in the collection of Van Breda. As the latter collection was acquired by the British Museum in 1871, four of the specimens studied by Winkler are destined to be included in the forthcoming vol. iv of the “Catalogue of Fossil Fishes.” They have thus been recently examined during the preparation of this work; and the result is so completely at variance with Winkler's interpretation of the fossils, that it seems advisable to publish an amended description of the fish without delay.
IV.—On some Cretaceous Shells from Egypt
Authors: Newton R. Bullen 
Published: May 2009

A Collection of Invertebrate fossils, obtained from various horizons and localities in Egypt and consisting principally of molluscan remains, has been sent home for examination and description by Captain H. G. Lyons, R.E., Director of the Geological Survey of that country.The oldest specimens represented belong to Upper Cretaceous rocks, and are dealt with in the present communication. They include one species of Gasteropod and eight Lamellibranchs, two of the latter group being regarded as hitherto undescribed forms. It need hardly be stated here that most of our knowledge respecting these groups of Mollusca as represented in Egypt during this period has been ably summarized by Professor Dr. von Zittel, in his elaborate memoir, “Beiträge zur Geologie und Palaeontologie der Libyschen Wiiste und der angrenzenden Gebiete von Aegypten,” published in the Paleaontographica for 1883. For subsequent details we are mainly indebted to the researches of Professor Mayer-Eymar and Prof. Johannes Walther: to the former for his monograph, “Zur Geologie Egyptens,” which includes a list of Cretaceous shells from the neighbourhood of the Great Pyramid; and to the latter for his paper, “L'Apparition de la Craie aux Environs des Pyramides,” containing a list of molluscan species from the same distinct and horizon, though particularly localized as Abu Eoasch, Golea, etc.A paucity of Gasteropod species is noticeable in the faunistic lists of the Upper Cretaceous period of Egypt, with, however, a large representation of bivalve mollusca. The most abundant forms appear to belong to the genus Ostrea and its allies, a fact also observable in the corresponding faunas of Algeria and Tunis. In all three countries a similar conchological facies is apparent, whilst some species show a marked resemblance to Syrian forms. Certain difficulties have arisen in assigning a satisfactory horizon to the Egyptian species here discussed, though the evidence appears to be in favour of a Turonian age—an opinion somewhat suggested by the palaaontological work of M. Jules Welsch, who has discovered in Algeria, Sphærulites (Sauvagesia) Sharpei, Bayle, a typical Turoniiin shell of Portugal, associated with Ostrea acanihonota, O. Boncheroni, etc. This author, therefore, inclines to the belief that the majority of Algerian species hitherto recognised by Coquand, Peron, and others as of Santonian age, are more probably Turonian. If this be accepted, then the Cretaceous rocks near Cairo (Abu Roasch, etc.), containing similar shells, which have been considered as Senonian by Schweinfurth, Walther, etc., should equally be regarded as Turonian, though apparently the Portuguese mollusc, Sauvagesia Sharpei, has not yet been identified in Egypt.
I.—On the Origin and Mode of Formation of the Concretions in the Magnesian Limestones of Durham
Authors: Garwood E. J. 
Published: May 2009

In 1826, 27, and 28, Prof. Sedgwick contributed to the Geological Society of London his classical papers on the Magnesian Limestone of the East of England, in which he describes in detail the concretionary structures which occur in many of the beds of this formation in Durham.Although he describes these concretions in minute detail, he says but little as to their probable origin, but it is clear that he regarded them as composed of carbonate of lime derived from the beds in which they occur, when he says—“The particles (of lime), after deposition, appear to have run into lumps and masses more or less crystalline, rejecting great portions of the earthy residuum.” Since Prof. Sedgwick's papers little seems to have been contributed to the subject of the mode of formation of these concretions.
VI.—On a Specimen of Waldheimia perforata (Piette), showing Original Colour-markings
Authors: Wilson Edward 
Published: May 2009

The retention of the original colour-markings amongst fossil Brachiopoda is a somewhat rare occurrence: the following striking instance therefore seems worthy of record.It is true that Deslongchamps in the Paléontologie Française mentions the colours of a number of Jurassic Brachiopods, but in nearly all these cases the colours are spoken of as if uniformly distributed and not patterned over the shells, and therefore we cannot be sure that they are original and not subsequently produced.Of British fossil Brachiopods which show the colour-markings, Terebratula hastata and Discina nitida respectively from the Carboniferous Limestone of Longnor, Derbyshire and Hamilton, Scotland, Terebratula intermedia from the Cornbrash of Wollaston, and Terebratula biplicata from the Upper Greensand of Cambridgeshire, are examples.
III.—A Miniature Illustration of Normal Faulting
Authors: Reade T. Mellard 
Published: May 2009

When examining the Glacial drift at Nevin, Carnarvonshire, I observed in a banded silty clay occupying the top of the cliff of drift at a point between Porth Nevin and Porth Bodeilias, an excellent illustration of my theory of Normal Faulting.The bed in question consisted of an extremely finely laminated silty clay, sometimes called book-leaf clay, the laminations being grouped in ribands about half an inch wide and six inches apart, of lighter and darker colours, presenting a striped appearance very conspicuous from the shore. In the upper part of the bed the bands were continuous, though a little wavy : the lower part of the bed, as far as it was visible above the talus of sand, was faulted as shown in the accompanying diagram (Fig. 1). These faults simulated in a remarkable manner sections of faulted coal-fields which have been drawn from actual mining exploration and measurement.
II.— Petrological Notes on some Lake District Rocks
Authors: Hutchings W. Maynard 
Published: May 2009

During the last three years I have at various times collected and studied rocks from the Lake District. Some of them are, I think, of sufficient interest to render them worth describing. It is my opinion that a great deal of very interesting petrological work still remains to be done among these rocks, and that when they are more studied in detail they will be found to present more diversity of type than is usually supposed.I will first note the occurrence of a variety of rock not previously recorded in this district. It is a quartz-andesite, or dacite. It is exposed on the ridge between Greenburn and Wytheburn, not very far from Dunmail Raise, and near to a new wire-fence which bounds, I believe, the property of the Manchester Waterworks. It is a dark-coloured rock, on a newly-fractured surface of which are seen numerous light spots of porphyritic felspars, and some of calcite, with many grains of quartz, some of good size. It was the grains of quartz which instantly attracted my attention to this rock when a bit was chipped off it in passing the exposed crag.
V.—Notes on Stereodon Melitensis, Owen
Authors: Cooke John H. 
Published: May 2009

In the year 1865 portions of the upper and lower jaws of a large extinct fish that had been found imbedded in the Globigerina Limestone of Malta were submitted by Dr. Leith Adams to Professor Owen for identification. Adams had considered them as being the remains of a crocodilian; but in a paper that appeared in the GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE for April, 1865, Owen pronounced them to be the remains of a large extinct fish that belonged to “the cycloid order, and having sauroid dentition,” and he proposed that “this fine addition to Miocene Tertiary fishes” should be known by the name of Stereodon Melitensis.A portion of the bony skeleton of a fish of the same species was also discovered in the same locality; but as it was not sent with the other specimens, it has been neither figured nor described.
VII.—On the Occurrence of Ottrelite in the Phyllites of North Cornwall
Authors: Hutchings W. Maynard 
Published: May 2009

The mineral ottrelite, which has received so much attention elsewhere, especially in the Ardennes, and which is of considerable interest in connection with the metamorphism of certain rocks, has not, up to now, ever been reported as occurring anywhere in Great Britain.I am able to state that I have discovered it in considerable amount in a certain roofing-slate of North Cornwall.
VII.—On a Method of Producing Perlitic and Pumiceous Structures in Canada Balsam
Authors: Chapman Frederick 
Published: May 2009

The interesting phenomenon exhibited in some glassy rocks, such as obsidians and pitchstones, known as the perlitic structure, consists of a series of rectilinear and curved cracks. It has been produced artificially in Canada Balsam, and described by Mr. Grenville A. J. Cole, F.G.S.Hitherto, any attempts of mine to produce the curved or secondary cracks on a glass plate were unsuccessful (the only result being primary cracks and appearances of air films between the glass and balsam); until noticing their occurrence on a rough mounting plate, it became evident that a roughened glass surface was the requisite thing in order to secure perfect cohesion. It is probable, therefore, that the specimen which Mr. Cole produced occurred on a ground portion of the glass plate.
IV.—Woodwardian Museum Notes: on some Anglesey Dykes. II.
Authors: Harker Alfred 
Published: May 2009

In the northern half of Anglesey occur several intrusions of dark hornblendic rocks, some specimens of which were placed by Henslow in the collection made by him for the Woodwardian Museum. These rocks present a type unusual in Britain, and show some peculiarities which are of considerable interest.A few years ago Professor Bonney found on the south-west coast of the island some boulders of a rock which he described under the name of Hornblende-picrite. It was subsequently pointed out by Professor Hughes that the probable source of these rocks was to be found in certain intrusive masses near Llanerchymedd, and indeed such boulders are scattered about rather abundantly in that neighbourhood and to the south-west. The rock in question seems, however, to be the common type of the larger eruptive masses in the north of Anglesey, and brief notes on slides cut from selected specimens taken in place may be found not unprofitable. The rocks were noticed and megascopically described in Henslow's Memoir.
III.—The Lias of South Lincolnshire
Authors: Trueman A. E. 
Published: May 2009

The area to be described is that part of the Lias outcrop extending from Lincoln southwards to Barrow-on-Soar and Grantham, and includes south-west Lincolnshire and small portions of northeast Leicestershire and east Nottinghamshire (see Map, Fig. 1).The rocks of this district were mapped by the Geological Survey, and an account of some of them was published in 1885 and 1888; the south-western part of the area has been resurveyed and described in more recent memoirs. A summary of the geology of the area was prepared in 1910 by A. J. Jukes-Browne, but except for these publications the literature is scattered and consists mainly of short papers; details of these are given where they are referred to.
II.—The Recent and Rapid Elevation of the Ural Mountains
Authors: Howorth Henry H. 
Published: May 2009

You have permitted me recently to publish two short papers in the Geological Magazine in which I have advocated some unconventional views. Perhaps you will allow me to continue my induction.In the first paper I endeavoured to show that the identity of the living Mammalian fauna of Siberia and North America necessitates our postulating that those areas have very recently, namely, during the Mammoth age, been connected by a land bridge; further that the facts compel us to the conclusion that this land bridge must have been across a portion of the Polar area, and that when it existed comparatively temperate conditions prevailed there.
V.—On the British Earthquakes of 1889
Authors: Davison Charles 
Published: May 2009

Time of occurrence, 13 h. 58 m.; Intensity, about IV. Epicentrum, probably not far from Ben Nevis.I am indebted to Mr. E. T. Omond, Director of the Ben Nevis Observatory, for the only information I have been able to obtain with reference to this earthquake. “It was,” he says, “sufficiently strong to make part of the wooden roof creak, but was, as far as I know, not noticed in any other part of the country.” The few inquiries that I have been able to make confirm this remark, and I think we may therefore conclude that the epicentrum cannot have been very distant from Ben Nevis. The great fault, which crosses Scotland from Inverness in a south-westerly direction, passes at the surface within a short distance from Ben Nevis; and being, in other parts of its course, closely associated with recent earthquakes, may possibly, by a slip, have given rise to the Ben Nevis shock.
IV.—The Crystalline Rock-areas of the Piémontese Alps
Authors: Preller C. S. Du Riche 
Published: May 2009

In the preceding paper I described the crystalline rock-areas of the Maritime and Cottian Alps: I now proceed to briefly review those of Northern Piémont forming part of the Grajan and Pennine Alps, under three heads—I. The Lanzo Valleys and Gran Paradiso Groups.II. The Dora Baltea (Val d'Aosta) Area.III. The Lanzo, Ivrea, and Val Sesia Area.They are shown in the sketch-map, Fig. 1. The conclusions in reference to the combined areas of the Piémontese Alps will be stated at the end of the present paper.
III.—Notes on the Geology of the Dobrudscha, Bulgaria
Authors: Peters Charles F. 
Published: May 2009

Having lately read some interesting remarks on the well-known green-coated flints of Kent in the Geological Magazine, I am induced to offer you the following notes.During the summer of 1864 I investigated many parts of Bulgaria, but more especially the Dobrudscha, where the sagacious observations of Capt. T. Spratt, R.N., F.R.S., frequently served me as guides. In the highly interesting Cretaceous strata at Kanara, near Küstendsche, which had been correctly identified by Capt, Spratt as Chalk, and from which Professor Reuss lately described many Foraminiferœ I discovered a pseudomorphous substance, which replaces the flint at many points along the coast, and in the Kara-Suvalley.
Morphological and physiological dormancy in seeds of Aegopodium podagraria (Apiaceae) broken successively during cold stratification
Authors: Vandelook Filip , Bolle Nele , Van Assche Jozef A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA low-temperature requirement for dormancy break has been observed frequently in temperate-climate Apiaceae species, resulting in spring emergence of seedlings. A series of experiments was performed to identify dormancy-breaking requirements of Aegopodium podagraria, a nitrophilous perennial growing mainly in mildly shaded places. In natural conditions, the embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow in early winter. Seedlings were first observed in early spring and seedling emergence peaked in March and April. Experiments using temperature-controlled incubators revealed that embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow only at low temperatures (5°C), irrespective of a pretreatment at higher temperatures. Seeds did not germinate immediately after embryo growth was completed, instead an additional cold stratification period was required to break dormancy completely. Once dormancy was broken, seeds germinated at a range of temperatures. Addition of gibberellic acid (GA3) had a positive effect on embryo growth in seeds incubated at 10°C and at 23°C, but it did not promote germination. Since seeds of A. podagraria have a low-temperature requirement for embryo growth and require an additional chilling period after completion of embryo growth, they exhibit characteristics of deep complex morphophysiological dormancy.
Pregnancy-related food habits among women of rural Sikkim, India
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Susmita , Sarkar Arpita 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveEvery society follows its own traditional health-care beliefs and practices during and after pregnancy, which is intimately linked to its socio-cultural environment. The objective of the present study was to document pregnancy-related food practices and the social-cultural factors linked with them.DesignThe present study was a cross-sectional one conducted among a group of women residing in five villages in east Sikkim, India. Mothers who had given birth to a child one year before the survey participated in the study. The mothers answered a pre-tested questionnaire on food habits and practices followed antepartum and for 6 weeks postpartum.SubjectsThe study group consisted of 199 women of Nepali caste groups with variations in economic condition.ResultsMore than 86 % of mothers consumed special foods during the postpartum period. Taboos on different food categories during the postpartum were reported only by 65·3 % of mothers. Factors found to be significantly associated with special food consumption were literacy status during the antepartum and parity during the postpartum.ConclusionsThe change in consumption patterns reflects the success of a safe motherhood campaign propagated by the government. Detailed investigation in this area, involving per capita daily consumption during pregnancy and the postpartum period, is needed.
Establishing a Pedagogical Framework for the Multicultural Course in Communication Sciences and Disorders
Authors: Horton-Ikard RaMonda , Munoz Maria L. , Thomas-Tate Shurita , Keller-Bell Yolanda 
Published: May 2009

PurposeTo provide an overview of a model for teaching a foundational course in multicultural (MC) issues and to demonstrate how it can be modified for use in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) by integrating 3 primary dimensions of cultural competence: awareness, knowledge, and skills.MethodThis tutorial begins by establishing the need for a basic foundational course in MC issues for CSD. Next, the authors describe a framework for MC instruction developed in the field of clinical counseling. Finally, the framework is modified and applied to the implementation of an MC course in CSD.ConclusionThe MC course in CSD can provide a useful foundation for facilitating the cultural competence of students in university training programs that have infused MC material across the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association’s 9 content areas.
When “Simon Says” Doesn’t Work: Alternatives to Imitation for Facilitating Early Speech Development
Authors: DeThorne Laura S. , Johnson Cynthia J. , Walder Louise , Mahurin-Smith Jamie 
Published: May 2009

PurposeTo provide clinicians with evidence-based strategies to facilitate early speech development in young children who are not readily imitating sounds. Relevant populations may include, but are not limited to, children with autism spectrum disorders, childhood apraxia of speech, and late-talking toddlers.MethodThrough multifaceted search procedures, we found experimental support for 6 treatment strategies that have been used to facilitate speech development in young children with developmental disabilities. Each strategy is highlighted within this article through a summary of the underlying rationale(s), empirical support, and specific examples of how it could be applied within intervention.ConclusionsGiven the relatively sparse experimental data focused on facilitating speech in children who do not readily imitate, theoretical support emerges as particularly key and underscores the need for clinicians to consider why they are doing what they are doing. In addition, this review emphasizes the need for the research community to bridge the gap between pressing clinical needs and the limited evidence base that is currently available.
A Noninvasive Imaging Approach to Understanding Speech Changes Following Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Narayana Shalini , Jacks Adam , Robin Donald A. , Poizner Howard , Zhang Wei , Franklin Crystal , Liotti Mario , Vogel Deanie , Fox Peter T. 
Published: May 2009

Purpose
To explore the use of noninvasive functional imaging and “virtual” lesion techniques to study the neural mechanisms underlying motor speech disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Here, we report the use of positron emission tomography (PET) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to explain exacerbated speech impairment following subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in a patient with Parkinson’s disease.

Method
Perceptual and acoustic speech measures, as well as cerebral blood flow during speech as measured by PET, were obtained with STN-DBS on and off. TMS was applied to a region in the speech motor network found to be abnormally active during DBS. Speech disruption by TMS was compared both perceptually and acoustically with speech produced with DBS on.

Results
Speech production was perceptually inferior and acoustically less contrastive during left STN stimulation compared to no stimulation. Increased neural activity in left dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) was observed during DBS on. “Virtual” lesioning of this region resulted in speech characterized by decreased speech segment duration, increased pause duration, and decreased intelligibility.

Conclusions
This case report provides evidence that impaired speech production accompanying STN-DBS may result from unintended activation of PMd. Clinical application of functional imaging and TMS may lead to optimizing the delivery of STN-DBS to improve outcomes for speech production as well as general motor abilities.