bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linewidth Narrowing of External‐Cavity Semiconductor Lasers Under Direct Frequency Modulation
Authors: Rongqing Hui , Yizun Wu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA simple formula of linewidth narrowing ratio of external cavity semiconductor lasers under direct frequency modulation was given. The theoretical result gives an explanation to the previous experimental observation. The decrease of the linewidth narrowing ratio and the change of the “in‐phase” condition depend on the modulation index, signal frequency, and external‐cavity length, as well as the optical feedback efficiency. A short external cavity with strong optical feedback can minimize the influence of the direct frequency modulation.
Optimization Of Phase‐Reversal Travelling‐Wave Optical Modulators
Authors: Zhu Ning‐Hua , Wu Zhcng‐De 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an approach to optimizing the number and positions of phase reversal according to frequency band, active length and electrode characteristics. This method is more effective than the others. It can be applied to the design of not only low‐pass modulators but also bandpass devices for both frequency‐domain and time‐domain applications.
Experimental Study Of The Cross‐Polarization Characteristics Of Rectangular Microstrip Antennas
Authors: Lee R. Q. , Huynh T. , Leo K. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe cross polarization characteristics of rectangular patch antennas are studied experimentally. Data are presented showing the dependence of the copolarization to cross‐polarization ratio on the aspect ratio in both the E and H planes. Three substrate thicknesses are included und the variation with resonant frequency is examined.
A Numerically Efficient Algorithm To Compute Radiation Patterns Of Large Aperture Antennas
Authors: Salema Carlos 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA numerically efficient algorithm to calculate the for‐field radiation patterns of large plane aperture antenna, based on the vector Kirchhoff‐Huygens method is presented. Arbitrary amplitude and phase distributions may be specified on the apertures wing either rectangular or circular coordinates. In most cares, modest computer resources ore required even for very large apertures.
Pyramidical Basis Functions In The Method Of Moments
Authors: Alanen Esko 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe convergence of the moment solution of the surface current on a conducting plate is improved by combining geometrically flexible pyramidical basis functions and the elimination of the edge singularities by a suitable change of variables. Point matching with over mice the number of testing points compared to the number of his functions is chosen, and the least squares solution is seen to be well converged.
Theoretical Analysis and Design of Wide Band H‐Plane Waveguide Y‐Junction Circulator
Authors: Xu Yansheng , Zhao Junrheng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper a rigorous theoretical analysis of H‐plane waveguide Y‐junction circulators with partial‐height ferrite post and metallic matching disk is presented. By using the field matching method, various modes in the ferrite post are calculated identified and discused in detail. A series of curves, data, and conclusions which are very useful for the design of practical circulators are obtained. Experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical results.
Bone marrow involvement in young patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: The importance of multiple bone marrow samples for accurate staging
Authors: Haddy Theresa B. , Parker Robert I. , Magrath Ian T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOf 95 young patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma treated at the National Cancer Institute on Pediatric Branch Protocol 7704, 18 (18.9%) had bone marrow involvement prior to treatment. Their mean age was 20.5 years. Twelve patients had small, noncleaved lymphoma (ten Burkitt's and two undifferentiated, unspecified), five had lymphoblastic lymphoma, and one had a diffuse large cell lymphoma. All had extensive disease. We obtained bilateral bone marrow biopsy specimens, touch preparations, clot sections, and aspirate smears from 13 of the 18 patients. When paired contralateral samples were reviewed, in as many as six out of ten of the pairs only one side was positive for tumor. When paired ipsilateral samples were similarly reviewed, in as many as seven out of 21 of the pairs only one specimen was positive for tumor. The biopsy specimen was the most useful of the four types of study performed, yielding positive results in 87% of the preparations. Thus, in a high percentage of patients, multiple marrow sampling revealed disease that might have been missed if fewer specimens had been obtained. Only four of our 18 patients (22.2%) had long‐term remissions. Because young patients with marrow disease are at high risk and may be eligible for more intensive treatment protocols, we recommend that staging should include bilateral bone marrow biopsies and bilateral aspirates.
Disposition of oral methotrexate in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its relation to 6‐mercaptopurine pharmacokinetics
Authors: Koren Gideon , Solh Hassan , Klein Julia , Soldin Stephen J. , Greenberg Mark 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe studied the disposition pharmacokinetics of methotrexate (MTX) given orally to 16 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its relation to the pharmacokinetics of 6‐mercaptopurine (6MP) in the same children. There was an eightfold variability in area‐under‐concentration timecurve (AUC) of MTX achieved by the same dose.Excellent correlation existed between peak concentrations and AUC0 → ∞ (r = 0.95, P < 0.001). Elimination T 1/2 was between 1.34 and 5 hours (mean 2.16±0.23 hr, mean±SE). A weak correlation existed between AUC achieved by 1 mg/m2 MTX and patients' age or body weight.Weak but significant correlation existed between AUC achieved by 1 mg/m2 of MTX vs. 6MP (r = 0.54, P < 0.05). In 13/16 patients peak concentrations were achieved at 60 minutes. There was a significantly larger AUC of 6MP achieved by a standardized dose in longer therapy (> 15 mo) vs. short therapy (< 12 mo) (462±75 and 246±58 ng·ml−1 · min·mg−2, P < 0.025). No statistical differences in AUC of MTX were found between short and long therapy.The large interpatient variability in MTX pharmacokinetics supports the possibility that differences in absorption and/or clearance of the drug may affect the clinical response. Because of the excellent correlation between peak and AUC of MTX, and because 3 measurements, at 30, 60, and 90 minutes will almost invariably identify the peak, this measurement can be used to estimate AUC for purpose of correlation with clinical outcome.
Keloids and neoplasms in the Rubinstein‐Taybi syndrome
Authors: Siraganian Patricia A. , Rubinstein Jack H. , Miller Robert W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn a series of 574 individuals with the Rubinstein‐Taybi syndrome, 28 had keloids, and 19 had one or more neoplasms. The array of malignant neoplasms does not suggest an etiology or pathogenesis in common. One possible exception is that four cases of leukemia were observed. When the data for malignant and benign neoplasms were combined, at least nine of the 22 could have arisen from developmental errors. The apparent excess of keloid formation indicates overreaction to mild injury, with no known relevance to neoplasia but of potential interest in future studies of scar formation.
Intrahepatic arterial injections of cisplatin‐phosphatidylcholine‐lipiodol suspension in two unresectable hepatoblastoma cases
Authors: Sue Kohji , Ikeda Keiichi , Nakagawara Akira , Hironaga Yumiko , Hachitanda Youichi , Otubo Kenji , Mitsuishi Tetsuya , Aoyama Toshinobu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo cases with unresectable hepatoblastoma were treated by intrahepatic arterial injections of cisplatin‐phosphatidylcholine‐Lipiodol suspension (CPLS), combined with systemic chemotherapy. Unfortunately, the first patient who was given three injections of CPLS in association with systemic chemotherapy died of progressive disease 18 months after the commencement of the therapy. However, the second patient who received about 1 year of systemic chemotherapy followed by three injections of CPLS prior to subtotal tumor resection, plus four injections after surgery, is now alive and healthy 22 months after the commencement of treatment, with no detectable serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), although the AFP level on admission was 695,000 ng/ml. In the surgical specimens of case 2, there were areas with Lipiodol deposits rich in platinum and replaced by marked fibrosis around necrotic tumor nodules. Intrahepatic arterial injection of CPLS in combination with systemic chemotherapy and surgery should be considered as an effective method for unresectable cases.
Small cell carcinoma of the pancreas in association with a choledochal cyst: Immunohistochemical characterization and complete response to combination chemotherapy
Authors: Duggan D. B. , Anderson B. , Gordon L. P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCarcinomas arising in choledochal cysts are well recognized; however, small cell carcinomas have not been reported to arise in choledochal cysts.Extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas have been recognized as unique clinicopathologic entities for decades, and have been found arising in numerous sites. Recently there have been several reviews of the subject (Remick et al.: Medicine 66:457‐71, 1987; Richardson and Weiland: Seminars in Oncology 9:484‐496, 1982; Levenson et al.: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 67:607‐612, 1981). Small cell carcinoma of the pancreas has only rarely been described (Reyes and Wang: Cancer 47:2500‐2502, 1981; Corrin et al.: Cancer 31:1523‐1527, 1973). These tumors must be distinguished from carcinoid tumors and islet cell tumors, which can often lead to histochemical and histologic confusion (Richardson and Weiland: Seminars in Oncology 9:484‐496, 1982). Their response to therapy has not been well documented.We report here a small cell carcinoma of the pancreas that arose within a choledochal cyst and that had immunohistochemical characteristics supporting a neuroendocrine origin but that lacked evidence of islet cell differentiation. A complete response to chemotherapy is also described.
Complete analysis of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of diastereomeric mixtures of (R,S‐ and S,S‐)‐3,6‐dimethoxy‐2,5‐dihydropyrazine‐substituted indoles and their conformational preference in solution
Authors: Akhmedov Novruz G. , Dacko Christopher A. , Güven Alâattin , Söderberg Björn C. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractComplete analysis of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra obtained with and without a chemical shift reagent (Eu(fod)3), of bis‐lactim ether 1 (Schöllkopf auxiliary) and monosubstituted 3‐ or 2‐{(2R,5S or 2S,5S)‐5‐isopropyl‐3,6‐dimethoxy‐2,5‐dihydropyrazin‐2‐yl]methyl}‐1H‐indoles is presented using gradient‐selected one‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional NMR techniques, such as 1D TOCSY, 1D NOESY (DPFGSE NOE), gCOSY, NOESY, ROESY gHETCOR, gHSQC and gHMBC. The contour plot of the gCOSY spectrum of 1–10 revealed cross peaks arising from the five‐bond coupling between the H2 and H5 resonances of the dihydropyrazine ring for syn‐ (5JH2, H5 = 4–5.7 Hz) and for anti‐isomers (5JH2, H5 = 3.4–3.8 Hz). The magnitude of the coupling constant was utilized to distinguish between the syn‐ and the anti‐isomers (diastereomers). The precise values of nJHH (n = 3, 4, 5, 6) coupling constants for the indole and 2,5‐dihydropyrazine moieties deduced from the calculated NMR spectra were supported by 1D TOCSY and gCOSY experiments and gauge invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) calculations. The magnitude of the coupling constants (5JH2, H5) indicates that the dihydropyrazine ring exists in a boat conformation. In both isomers, the indole group adopts a ‘folded’ conformation in which one diastereotopic face is effectively shielded by the aromatic benzene ring of the indole. This is supported by gradient‐selected 1D NOESY and 2D NOESY experiments. Theoretical calculations of the conformation were performed to support the through‐space shielding effect of the aromatic indole moiety based on the DFT/GIAO calculated 1H NMR data (chemical shifts and coupling constants) for 2‐syn‐ and 2‐anti‐diastereomers in CDCl3. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heat Transfer in Gas‐Phase Olefin Polymerisation: A Study of Particle/Surface Interactions
Authors: Eriksson Erik J. G. , Weickert Günter , McKenna Timothy F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis work focuses on the heat exchange between a polymer particle and the reactor wall for low gas velocities. The role of different wall materials (or heat transfer conditions) is investigated with an eye to understanding how this influences the likelihood of build up of wall sheeting via melting of particles. The temperature profiles inside growing polymer particles in the vicinity of the reactor wall when it is clean (steel) or covered with a layer of non‐reactive polymer are simulated. As a comparison, we have also simulated glass reactor walls to represent bench‐scale polymerisation equipment. The results can help to understand how how we can compare results from bench‐scale experiments to industrial scale units.magnified image
Bearing capacity of shallow foundations in transversely isotropic granular media
Authors: Azami A. , Pietruszczak S. , Guo P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe main focus in this work is on the assessment of bearing capacity of a shallow foundation in an inherently anisotropic particulate medium. Both the experimental and numerical investigations are carried out using a crushed limestone with elongated angular‐shaped aggregates. The experimental study involves small‐scale model tests aimed at examining the variation of bearing capacity as a function of the angle of deposition of the material. In addition, the results of a series of triaxial and direct shear tests are presented and later employed to identify the material functions/parameters. The numerical part of this work is associated with the development and implementation of a constitutive framework that describes the mechanical response of transversely isotropic frictional materials. The framework is based on the elastoplasticity and accounts for the effects of strain localization and inherent anisotropy of both the deformation and strength characteristics. The results of numerical simulations are compared withthe experimental data. A parametric study is also carried out aimed at examining the influence of various simplifications in the mathematical framework on its predictive abilities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Executive summary: The International Consultation on Incontinence 2008—committee on: “Dynamic Testing”; for urinary or fecal incontinence. Part 2: Urodynamic Testing in male patients with symptoms of urinary incontinence, in patients with relevant neurological abnormalities, and in children and in frail elderly with symptoms of urinary incontinence
Authors: Rosier Peter F.W.M. , Szabó László , Capewell Ann , Gajewski Jerzy B. , Sand Peter K. , Hosker Gordon L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAimsThe members of ‘The International Consultation on Incontinence 2008 (Paris) Committee on Dynamic Testing’ provide an executive summary of the chapter ‘Dynamic Testing’ that discusses (urodynamic) testing methods for patients with signs and or symptoms of urinary incontinence. Testing of patients with signs and or symptoms of fecal incontinence is also discussed.MethodsEvidence based and consensus committee report.ResultsThe chapter ‘Dynamic Testing’ is a continuation of previous Consultation reports added with a new systematic literature search and expert discussion. Conclusions, based on the published evidence and recommendations, based on the integration of evidence with expert experience and discussion are provided separately, for transparency.ConclusionThis second part of a series of three articles summarizes the committee's recommendations about: ‘Urodynamic testing of male patients with symptoms of incontinence, of patients with relevant neurological abnormalities, testing of children and of frail elderly with symptoms of incontinence’ and includes only the most recent and relevant literature references. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29: 146–152, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extracellular matrix expression of human prolapsed vaginal wall
Authors: Mosier Elizabeth , Lin Victor K. , Zimmern Philippe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the mRNA expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in postmenopausal prolapsed versus non‐prolapsed anterior vaginal wall (AVW) tissue. We hypothesized that the weakening of the tissue leading to prolapse was due to decreased collagen production from a downregulation at the transcriptional level.MethodsFollowing IRB approval, full thickness samples of redundant AVW were excised from consecutive age‐equivalent, postmenopausal, women undergoing cystocele repair (prolapse, stage III or IV), or radical cystectomy (control, no clinical findings of prolapse). Total RNA was isolated, cDNA was synthesized, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to assess the mRNA expression of collagens type I and III, pro‐elastin, MMP3, MMP10, and MMP11. The significance of the difference of mRNA expression between prolapse and control tissues was tested using Student's t‐test followed by Mann–Whitney Rank Sum Test.ResultsA 5.3‐fold increase in collagen type I mRNA was found in prolapse (n = 47) over control (n = 7) tissues (P = 0.009). Type III collagen mRNA was also significantly increased to a 3.3 times higher level (P = 0.017). The ratio of type III to type I was decreased from 15.6 in controls to 9.7 in prolapse. An increasing trend in pro‐elastin and MMP mRNA expression was found in prolapse, but this was not statistically significant.ConclusionIn this controlled study, the increase found in collagen mRNA expression disproved our hypothesis. To the contrary, this defective prolapsed tissue can signal its need for ECM replenishment. The message, however, is not being effectively translated to assist in tissue remodeling. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:582–586, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reversible nephrotic syndrome and renal failure in a patient with diabetes
Authors: Masding MG , Cove DH 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe report a case of a 66 year old insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetic patient who developed a rapid onset nephrotic syndrome, with evidence of diabetic nephropathy in the renal biopsy. The absence of proteinuria preceding the illness and the spontaneous resolution of the nephrotic syndrome and renal failure pointed to a non‐diabetic aetiology. The case illustrates the need to consider this in all patients with diabetes, nephrotic syndrome and renal failure, particularly when the presentation is atypical. This case also illustrates the reduction in exogenous insulin requirements in renal impairment.
Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Each bibliography is divided into 20 sections: 1 Books, Reviews & Symposia; 2 General; 3 Anti‐infective Agents; 4 Cardiovascular System Agents; 5 CNS Depressive Agents; 6 Non‐steroidal Anti‐inflammatory Agents; 7 CNS Agents; 8 Anti‐neoplastic Agents; 9 Haematological Agents; 10 Neuroregulator‐Blocking Agents; 11 Dermatological Agents; 12 Immunosuppressive Agents; 13 Autonomic Agents; 14 Respiratory System Agents; 15 Neuromuscular Agents; 16 Reproductive System Agents; 17 Gastrointestinal System Agents; 18 Anti‐inflammatory Agents ‐ Steroidal; 19 Teratogens/fetal exposure; 20 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted.
Modeling and analysis of post ejection wall deflections in products made out of polypropylene
Authors: Ahuett‐Garza Horacio , Aguiar Francisco , Ponce Victor 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDimensional control of injection molded products remains an important issue as applications require increasing precision. Accurate dimensions of a product result not only from well tuned manufacturing processes, but also from sound design and engineering analysis. This article introduces a model that predicts edge deformations of deep container walls. The model was developed using energy methods and predicts thermoelastic deformations caused by a drop in temperature once the part is released from the mold. The model was validated using results from FEA simulations as well as comparisons with field measurements of parts made of Polypropylene (PP). In general, good agreement was found. Material properties and process conditions were measured for the analyzed cases, which contributed to the accuracy of the results. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Characterization of the microinjection molding process
Authors: Chu Jingsong , Kamal Musa R. , Derdouri Salim , Hrymak Andy 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe commonly used plunger injection system in the microinjection molding (μIM) process has separate screw melting, metering, and injection units. As a result, extra operating parameters and complexity are introduced, in comparison with conventional injection molding. In this study, a μIM machine was used to obtain micromoldings of polyoxymethylene, high‐density polyethylene, and polycarbonate. A data acquisition system was developed to record traces of data regarding the evolution of process variables with time. Cavity filling was followed, at the millisecond time scale, using short‐shot experiments and traces of injection pressure, runner pressure, and plunger position. Six characteristic process parameters (CPPs) were defined to characterize both the cavity filling and packing stages. The method of design of experiments was used to investigate the effects of machine settings on the CPPs. Metering size, which was optimized for each set of machine variables, was also used as a CPP. Injection speed was the most significant factor affecting plunger velocity and injection pressure during cavity filling, while the effects of mold and melt temperature varied with the material and machine settings. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and surface properties of polydimethylsiloxane‐based block copolymers: poly[dimethylsiloxane‐block‐ (ethyl methacrylate)] and poly[dimethylsiloxane‐block‐(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)]
Authors: Vargün Elif , Usanmaz Ali 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) macroazoinitiator was synthesized from bis(hydroxyalkyl)‐terminated PDMS and 4,4′‐azobis‐4‐cyanopentanoic acid by a condensation reaction. The bifunctional macroinitiator was used for the block copolymerization of ethyl methacrylate (EMA) and 2‐(trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl methacrylate (TMSHEMA) monomers. The poly(DMS‐block‐EMA) and poly(DMS‐block‐TMSHEMA) copolymers thus obtained were characterized using Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. After the deprotection of trimethylsilyl groups, poly(DMS‐block‐HEMA) and poly(DMS‐block‐EMA) copolymer film surfaces were analysed using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The effects of the PDMS concentration in the copolymers on both air and glass sides of films were examined. The PDMS segments oriented and moved to the glass side in poly(DMS‐block‐EMA) copolymer film while orientation to the air side became evident with increasing DMS content in poly(DMS‐block‐HEMA) copolymer film. The block copolymerization technique described here is a versatile and economic method and is also applicable to a wide range of monomers. The copolymers obtained have phase‐separated morphologies and the effects of DMS segments on copolymer film surfaces are different at the glass and air sides. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry