bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive manufacturing-driven simultaneous optimization of topology and print direction for thermoelastic structures considering strength failure
Authors: Jiang Hexin , He Zhicheng , Li Eric , Jiang Chao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a strength-based simultaneous optimization method for optimizing thermoelastic structural topology and print direction in the presence of anisotropy induced by additive manufacturing. The approach utilizes the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization framework and defines design variables including element density and print-off angle. Firstly, an anisotropic thermoelastic constitutive model is established for finite element analysis. By introducing the Tsai–Hill failure criteria, the strength constraint to evaluate the stress level of additively manufactured anisotropic components is formulated. The P-norm aggregation function is employed to approximate the maximum strength failure coefficient. Then, the aggregated strength constraint is augmented to the optimization objective through a Lagrange multiplier. Sensitivity analysis of the new objective function with respect to the elemental design variables is performed, and an analytical approach is proposed to optimize the print-off angle. To improve the stability of the optimization procedure, a series of numerical algorithms and parameter updating strategies are developed. The effectiveness of our proposed method is demonstrated through typical numerical examples, highlighting a desirable match between the structural topology and the print direction can greatly improve the structural performance.
“A Conscience Rightly Informed”: Puritan Casuistry and the Theological Justifications for Religious Establishment
Authors: Higdon Cory D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the early modern debates over religious liberty and toleration, religious dissenters often raised the issue of an individual’s conscience as a primary support for disestablishment. Dissenters like Roger Williams contended that establishmentarian policies persecuted tender consciences. God, according to dissenters, had not granted authority over the conscience to civil rulers; thus, religious establishment was both theologically specious as well as politically perilous. Much attention has been given to how religious dissenters discussed the human conscience and its place within the civil society. This essay, however, focuses on how magisterial Protestants developed their theological system of religious establishment in concert with their own understanding of the human conscience. Proponents of establishment utilized their own theology of the conscience as grounds for religious establishment, and this essay seeks to understand how they reconciled their soteriological convictions and their conception of the human conscience with their belief in the magistrate’s authority in matters of doctrine and religion.
Factors affecting neutrophil functions during sepsis: human microbiome and epigenetics
Authors: Ma Yina , Zhao Yu , Zhang Xin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sepsis is a severe disease that occurs when the body's immune system reacts excessively to infection. The body's response, which includes an intense antibacterial reaction, can damage its tissues and organs. Neutrophils are the major components of white blood cells in circulation, play a vital role in innate immunity while fighting against infections, and are considered a feature determining sepsis classification. There is a plethora of basic research detailing neutrophil functioning, among which, the study of neutrophil extracellular traps is providing novel insights into mechanisms and treatments of sepsis. This review explores their functions, dysfunctions, and influences in the context of sepsis. The interplay between neutrophils and the human microbiome and the impact of DNA methylation on neutrophil function in sepsis are crucial areas of study. The interaction between neutrophils and the human microbiome is complex, particularly in the context of sepsis, where dysbiosis may occur. We highlight the importance of deciphering neutrophils’ functional alterations and their epigenetic features in sepsis because it is critical for defining sepsis endotypes and opening up the possibility for novel diagnostic methods and therapy. Specifically, epigenetic signatures are pivotal since they will provide a novel implication for a sepsis diagnostic method when used in combination with the cell-free DNA. Research is exploring how specific patterns of DNA methylation in neutrophils, detectable in cell-free DNA, could serve as biomarkers for the early detection of sepsis.
Using forced migration to foster emergence? International aid and development policies in Cameroon
Authors: Lefort-Rieu Claire 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the alignment of refugee aid interventions with Cameroon’s national policy of emergence, shedding light on an authoritarian government's utilization of international assistance. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, it investigates how international policies aiming at turning refugees into a development opportunity for their host states are managed by an aid-receiving country and strategically leveraged by Cameroonian authorities to strengthen their political apparatus. It explores how the government integrates humanitarian responses with large-scale development policies, while retaining control over strategic sectors. Implementing the emergence policy enables Cameroon to reappropriate international standards, navigating complex donor relations to establish new legitimacy. The analysis highlights the power dynamics and implications of aid interventions within an authoritarian context, demonstrating the state's capacity to transform internal crises into productive forces. This research contributes to a better understanding of the links between refugee aid, host states’ domestic and international politics, and migration diplomacy.
Disciplining subjectivity in Australian migrant deterrence campaigns
Authors: Zeweri Helena 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article examines public information campaigns designed to deter asylum seekers from entering Australia via boat. Through analysing the institutional context and content of a graphic novel that was circulated within Afghan Hazara communities in 2014, I show that certain Australian public information campaigns mobilize an ethos of cultural sensitivity rooted in ethnographic data-gathering projects that reinscribe migrants as ignorant and socially deviant subjects. Such campaigns both situate Australia as an impossible destination and render migration a dangerous, futile act that will bring further misfortune to migrants’ families. The Australian case shows that in contexts where cultural sensitivity and externalized border control simultaneously guide migration policy, cultural knowledge becomes weaponized not only to keep migrants immobile but also to discipline migrant subjectivity and ultimately exclude them from pathways to refuge.
Beyond victim and hero representations? A comparative analysis of UNHCR’s Instagram communication strategies for the Syrian and Ukrainian crises
Authors: Ongenaert David , Soler Claudia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Ukrainian crisis has received substantial Global Northern policy support and favourable news coverage, contrasting sharply with Global Southern crises. Nevertheless, refugee organizations can influence public perceptions through social media. This study comparatively analyses UNHCR’s Instagram communication strategies for the Ukrainian and Syrian crises (2022–2023). Applying a multimodal critical discourse analysis on UNHCR’s Instagram posts (N = 90), we discern interacting humanitarian and post-humanitarian appeals, involving inter- and intra-group hierarchies of deservingness, expanding research on humanitarian communication. While UNHCR mainly represents forcibly displaced Ukrainians as victims and focuses on ‘ideal victims’, it mostly portrays forcibly displaced Syrians as empowered individuals, likely due to context-specific differences and partially countering news and policy narratives. Both humanitarian representations often intersect with post-humanitarian strategies, facilitated by Instagram affordances. This study thus contributes to the literature on humanitarian communication with comparative crisis-specific and platform-specific insights and causes. Moreover, it nuances the often-assumed importance of post-humanitarian imageries on social media.
On the rise and fall of galactic ionizing output at the end of reionization
Authors: Cain Christopher , D’Aloisio Anson , Lopez Garett , Gangolli Nakul , Roth Joshua T 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Quasar absorption spectra measurements suggest that reionization proceeded rapidly, ended late at z ∼ 5.5, and was followed by a flat ionizing background evolution. Simulations that reproduce this behaviour often rely on a fine-tuned galaxy ionizing emissivity, which peaks at z ∼ 6–7 and drops a factor of 1.5–2.5 by z ∼ 5. This is puzzling since the abundance of galaxies is observed to grow monotonically during this period. Explanations for this include effects such as dust obscuration of ionizing photon escape and feedback from photoheating of the IGM. We explore the possibility that this drop in emissivity is instead an artefact of one or more modelling deficiencies in reionization simulations. These include possibly incorrect assumptions about the ionizing spectrum and/or inaccurate modelling of IGM clumping. Our results suggest that the need for a drop could be alleviated if simulations are underestimating the IGM opacity from massive, star-forming haloes. Other potential modelling issues either have a small effect or require a steeper drop when remedied. We construct an illustrative model in which the emissivity is nearly flat at reionization’s end, evolving only ∼0.05 dex at 5 &lt; z &lt; 7. More realistic scenarios, however, require a ∼0.1–0.3 dex drop. We also study the evolution of the Ly α effective optical depth distribution and compare to recent measurements. We find that models that feature a hard ionizing spectrum and/or are driven by faint, low-bias sources most easily reproduce the mean transmission and optical depth distribution of the forest simultaneously.
The structure and evolution of relativistic jetted blast waves
Authors: Govreen-Segal Taya , Nakar Ehud 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We study, analytically and numerically, the structure and evolution of relativistic jetted blast waves that propagate in uniform media, such as those that generate afterglows of gamma-ray bursts. Similar to previous studies, we find that the evolution can be divided into two parts: (i) a pre-spreading phase, in which the jet core angle is roughly constant, θc,0, and the shock Lorentz factor along the axis, Γa, evolves as a part of the Blandford–Mckee solution, and (ii) a spreading phase, in which Γa drops exponentially with the radius and the core angle, θc, grows rapidly. Nevertheless, the jet remains collimated during the relativistic phase, where $\theta _\mathrm{ c}(\Gamma _\mathrm{ a}\beta _\mathrm{ a}=1)\simeq 0.4\theta _{\mathrm{ c},0}^{1/3}$. The transition between the phases occurs when $\Gamma _\mathrm{ a}\simeq 0.2\theta _{\mathrm{ c},0}^{-1}$. We find that the “wings” of jets with initial “narrow” structure ($\frac{\mathrm{ d} \log \, E_{\mathrm{ iso}}}{\mathrm{ d}\log \, \theta }\lt -3$ outside of the core, where Eiso is isotropic equivalent energy), start evolving during the pre-spreading phase. By the spreading phase these jets evolve to a self-similar profile, which is independent of the initial structure, where in the wings Γ(θ)∝θ−1.5 and Eiso(θ)∝θ−2.6. Jets with initial “wide” structure roughly keep their initial profile during their entire evolution. We provide analytic description of the jet lateral profile evolution for a range of initial structures, as well as the evolution of Γa and θc. For off-axis GRBs, we present a relation between the initial jet structure and the light curve rising phase. Applying our model to GW170817, we find that initially the jet had $\theta _{\mathrm{ c},0}=0.4-4.5~\deg$ and wings consistent with Eiso∝θ−3 − θ−4.
Mid-infrared echoes of ambiguous nuclear transients reveal high dust covering fractions: evidence for dusty tori
Authors: Hinkle Jason T 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Alongside the recent increase in discoveries of tidal disruption events (TDEs) have come an increasing number of ambiguous nuclear transients (ANTs). These ANTs are characterized by hot blackbody-like UV/optical spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and smooth photometric evolution, often with hard power law-like X-ray emission. ANTs are likely exotic TDEs or smooth flares originating in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). While their emission in the UV/optical and X-ray has been relatively well-explored, their infrared (IR) emission has not been studied in detail. Here, we use the NEOWISE mission and its low-cadence mapping of the entire sky to study mid-IR dust reprocessing echoes of ANTs. We study 19 ANTs, finding significant MIR flares in 18 objects for which we can estimate an IR luminosity and temperature evolution. The dust reprocessing echoes show a wide range in IR luminosities (∼1042–1045 erg s−1) with blackbody temperatures largely consistent with sublimation temperature of graphite grains. Excluding the two sources possibly associated with luminous supernovae (ASASSN-15lh and ASASSN-17jz), the dust covering fractions (fc) for detected IR flares lie between 0.05 and 0.91, with a mean of fc = 0.29 for all ANTs (including limits) and fc = 0.38 ± 0.04 for detections. These covering fractions are much higher than optically selected TDEs and similar to AGNs. We interpret the high covering fractions in ANT host galaxies as evidence for the presence of a dusty torus.
Exoplanet transit spectroscopy with JWST NIRSpec: diagnostics and homogeneous case study of WASP-39 b
Authors: Sarkar Subhajit , Madhusudhan Nikku , Constantinou Savvas , Holmberg Måns 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The JWST has ushered in a new era of exoplanet transit spectroscopy. Among the JWST instruments, the Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) has the most extensive set of configurations for exoplanet time-series observations. The NIRSpec Prism and G395H grating represent two extremes in NIRSpec instrument modes, with the Prism spanning a wider spectral range (0.6–5.3 µm) at lower resolution (R ∼ 100) compared to G395H (2.87–5.14 µm; R ∼ 2700). In this work, we develop a new data reduction framework, JexoPipe, to conduct a homogeneous assessment of the two NIRSpec modes for exoplanet spectroscopy. We use observations of the hot Saturn WASP-39 b obtained as part of the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Early Release Science programme to assess the spectral quality and stability between the two instrument modes at different epochs. We explore the noise sources, effect of saturation, and offsets in transmission spectra between the different instrument modes and also between the two G395H NRS detectors. We find an inter-detector offset in G395H of ∼40–50 ppm, consistent with recent studies. We find evidence for correlated noise in the Prism white light curve. We find the G395H spectrum to be of higher precision compared to the Prism spectrum at the same resolution. We also compare the JexoPipe spectra with those reported from other pipelines. Our work underscores the need for robust assessment of instrument performance and identification of optimal practices for JWST data reduction and analyses.
Kinematic substructure in star clusters constrains star cluster formation
Authors: Arnold Becky , Wright Nicholas J 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The spatial–kinematic structure of 48 young star clusters and associations is investigated. Moran’s I statistic is used to quantify the degree of kinematic substructure in each region, and the results are compared to those expected assuming the hierarchical or monolithic models of star cluster formation. Of the observed regions, 39 are found to have significant kinematic substructure, such that they are compatible with the hierarchical model and incompatible with the monolithic model. This includes multiple regions whose Q parameter shows the region to be centrally concentrated and clustered. The remaining nine are compatible with both models. From this, it is concluded that the kinematic substructure of the observed star clusters represents strong evidence in favour of the hierarchical model of star cluster formation over the monolithic model.
An asymptotically correct implicit–explicit time integration scheme for finite volume radiation-hydrodynamics
Authors: He Chong-Chong , Wibking Benjamin D , Krumholz Mark R 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Numerical radiation-hydrodynamics (RHD) for non-relativistic flows is a challenging problem because it encompasses processes acting over a very broad range of time-scales, and where the relative importance of these processes often varies by orders of magnitude across the computational domain. Here, we present a new implicit–explicit method for numerical RHD that has a number of desirable properties that have not previously been combined in a single method. Our scheme is based on moments and allows machine-precision conservation of energy and momentum, making it highly suitable for adaptive mesh refinement applications; it requires no more communication than hydrodynamics and includes no non-local iterative steps, making it highly suitable for massively parallel and Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)-based systems where communication is a bottleneck; and we show that it is asymptotically accurate in the streaming, static diffusion, and dynamic diffusion limits, including in the so-called asymptotic diffusion regime where the computational grid does not resolve the photon mean-free path. We implement our method in the GPU-accelerated RHD code quokka and show that it passes a wide range of numerical tests.
Randomness and retention: using weak mean motion resonances to constrain Neptune’s late-stage migration
Authors: Hermosillo Ruiz Arcelia , Lau Harriet C P , Murray-Clay Ruth 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Planet–planetesimal interactions cause a planet to migrate, manifesting as a random walk in semimajor axis. In models for Neptune’s migration involving a gravitational upheaval, this planetesimal-driven migration is a side-effect of the dynamical friction required to damp Neptune’s orbital eccentricity. This migration is noisy, potentially causing Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) in mean motion resonance to be lost. With N-body simulations, we validate a previously derived analytic model for resonance retention and determine unknown coefficients. We identify the impact of random-walk (noisy) migration on resonance retention for resonances up to fourth order lying between 39  and 75 au. Using a population estimate for the weak 7:3 resonance from the well-characterized Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS), we rule out two cases: (1) a planetesimal disc distributed between 13.3 and 39.9 au with ≳ 30 Earth masses in today’s size distribution and Tmig ≳ 40 Myr and (2) a top-heavy size distribution with ≳2000 Pluto-sized TNOs and Tmig ≳10 Myr, where Tmig is Neptune’s migration time-scale. We find that low-eccentricity TNOs in the heavily populated 5:2 resonance are easily lost due to noisy migration. Improved observations of the low-eccentricity region of the 5:2 resonance and of weak mean motion resonances with Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time will provide better population estimates, allowing for comparison with our model’s retention fractions and providing strong evidence for or against Neptune’s random interactions with planetesimals.
Cosmic dipoles of active galactic nuclei at optical and radio wavelengths display much larger amplitudes than the cosmic microwave background dipole
Authors: Singal Ashok K 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Sky distributions of large samples of distant active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have shown dipoles significantly larger than the cosmic microwave background (CMB) dipole. However, a recent Bayesian analysis of the Quaia sample, comprising 1.3 million quasars, has yielded a dipole that seems to be in tandem with the CMB dipole, in contravention of most previous studies of AGN dipoles. Since the question has large cosmological implications, we investigate the Quaia quasar sample afresh, by directly computing the dipole from asymmetries observed in the source number counts. We instead find a dipole 3-4 times as large as the CMB dipole though in the same direction. Further, it has been claimed elsewhere that the difference between the CMB dipole and the radio dipole estimated from the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS), the first large catalogue that showed an AGN dipole about four times larger than the CMB dipole, can be fully accounted for by incorporating the shot noise and clustering contributions to the total NVSS dipole. A careful reinvestigation of the NVSS dipole, however, shows that the random phenomena like shot noise or clustering cannot account for the actually observed NVSS asymmetries, which show a systematic dipole pattern over the sky.
Advancements in prokaryotic systematics and the role of Bergey's International Society for Microbial Systematicsin addressing challenges in the meta-data era
Authors: Jiao Jian-Yu , Abdugheni Rashidin , Zhang Dao-Feng , Ahmed Iftikhar , Ali Mukhtiar , Chuvochina Maria , Dedysh Svetlana N , Dong Xiuzhu , Göker Markus , Hedlund Brian P , Hugenholtz Philip , Jangid Kamlesh , Liu Shuang-Jiang , Moore Edward R B , Narsing Rao Manik Prabhu , Oren Aharon , Rossello-Mora Ramon , Rekadwad Bhagwan Narayan , Salam Nimaichand , Shu Wensheng , Sutcliffe Iain C , Teo Wee Fei Aaron , Trujillo Martha E , Venter Stephanus N , Whitman William B , Zhao Guoping , Li Wen-Jun 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Prokaryotes are ubiquitous in the biosphere, important for human health and drive diverse biological and environmental processes. Systematics of prokaryotes, whose origins can be traced to the discovery of microorganisms in the 17th century, has transitioned from a phenotype-based classification to a more comprehensive polyphasic taxonomy and eventually to the current genome-based taxonomic approach. This transition aligns with a foundational shift from studies focused on phenotypic traits that have limited comparative value to those using genome sequences. In this context, Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB) and Bergey's International Society for Microbial Systematics (BISMiS) play a pivotal role in guiding prokaryotic systematics. This review focuses on the historical development of prokaryotic systematics with a focus on the roles of BMSAB and BISMiS. We also explore significant contributions and achievements by microbiologists, highlight the latest progress in the field and anticipate challenges and opportunities within prokaryotic systematics. Additionally, we outline five focal points of BISMiS that are aimed at addressing these challenges. In conclusion, our collaborative effort seeks to enhance ongoing advancements in prokaryotic systematics, ensuring its continued relevance and innovative characters in the contemporary landscape of genomics and bioinformatics.