bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NADES extraction, UHPLC‐ELSD‐based quantification, and network pharmacology‐guided target identification of fourteen specialised metabolites from Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D.Don
Authors: Singh Prithvi Pal , Anmol  , Suresh Patil Shivprasad , Sharma Upendra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionTrillium govanianum Wall. ex D.Don is a folk medicinal herb rich in structurally diverse steroidal saponins. The annual demand for this herb in India is about 200–500 metric tons, highlighting the need for a thorough quality assessment.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to develop an easy and reliable ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography‐evaporative light scattering detector (UHPLC‐ELSD)‐based quality assessment method with 14 specialised metabolites of T. govanianum and identify the potential targets of this herb using network pharmacology.Material and methodsA UHPLC‐ELSD method was developed and validated with 14 markers of T. govanianum. The developed method and natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES)‐assisted extraction were utilised for the recovery enhancement study of targeted specialised metabolites from rhizome samples (collected from five geographically distinct areas). In addition, the network pharmacology approach was performed for these 14 markers to predict the plausible biological targets of T. govanianum.ResultThe developed method showed good linearity (r2: 0.940–0.998), limit of detection (LOD) (2.4–9.0 μg), limit of quantification (LOQ) (7.92–29.7 μg), precision (intra‐day relative standard deviations [RSDs] 0.77%–1.96% and inter‐day RSDs 2.19–4.97%), and accuracy (83.24%–118.90%). NADES sample TG‐1* showed the highest recovery (yield: 167.66 ± 4.39 mg/g of dry weight) of total saponin content (TSC) as compared to its hydroethanolic extract (yield: 103.95 ± 5.36 mg/g of dry weight). Sample TG‐1* was the most favourable (yield: 167.66 ± 4.39 mg/g) in terms of TSC as compared to other analysed samples (32.68 ± 1.04–88.22 ± 6.79 mg/g). Govanoside D (yield: 3.43–28.06 mg/g), 22β‐hydroxyprotodioscin (yield: 3.22–114.79 mg/g), and dioscin (yield: 1.07–20.82 mg/g) were quantified as the major metabolites. Furthermore, network pharmacology analysis of targeted 14 markers indicated that these molecules could be possible therapeutic agents for managing neuralgia, diabetes mellitus, and hyperalgesia.ConclusionThe current study represents the first report for the simultaneous quantification and a network pharmacology‐based analysis of 14 chemical marker compounds isolated from T. govanianum.
Investigation of anisotropic shrinkage in liquid silicone rubber injection molding: Process variables
Authors: Bont Matthew R. , Johnston Stephen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInjection molded liquid silicone rubber (LSR) devices are used in high performance applications for the medical, transportation, and energy industries. Anisotropic shrinkage in LSR injection molding has been observed in practice but is generally not well understood. This research focused on anisotropic shrinkage based on flow and cross‐flow orientation. LSR parts were molded at varying thicknesses, shear rates, fill times, and cure temperatures. Simulations accurately predicted the fill pattern and were used to predict the cure rate of the samples. LSR molding showed a significant range of linear shrinkage ratios between the flow versus crossflow directions shrinkage from above 1.30 to below 0.92. The underlying driver of anisotropic behavior is believed to be reaching a sufficient average cure through the cross section combined with flow‐induced orientation. Shrinkage anisotropy was found to generally increase with increasing shear rate in regions where curing was significant. Additionally, dynamic mechanical analysis showed a connection between the polymer network using the modulus and anisotropic linear shrinkage.Highlights
Liquid silicone rubber injection molding experienced anisotropic shrinkage.
Shrinkage was greater in the flow direction than in the crossflow direction.
Shear flow caused orientation and strain of silicone polymer chains in cavity.
Reaching cure threshold during flow caused increased shrinkage anisotropy.
Shrinkage anisotropic showed due to network structure with anisotropic moduli.
Cellulose nanocomposite tough hydrogels: synergistic self‐healing, adhesive and strain‐sensitive properties
Authors: Nujud Badawi Mohammed , Agrawal Namrata , Kumar Yogesh , Khan Mujeeb , Hatshan Mohammad Rafe , Alayyaf Abdulmajeed Abdullah , Adil Syed Farooq 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent advancements are notable in electrically conductive hydrogels emulating human skin functions. However, a significant challenge remains: crafting a single conductive gel that integrates self‐healing, robust mechanical strength, and excellent electrical traits. Our innovation lies in a strong, lightweight, curable gel achieved through multiple coordination bonds between cellulose crystals and acid‐treated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a polymer network. Embedded MWCNTs act as dynamic bridges within a porous structure, giving exceptional mechanical performance. Reversible coordination interactions confer remarkable recovery and reliable mechanical and electrical self‐healing. Additionally, these ionic gels function as adaptable stress sensors, detecting significant movements like finger and joint motions. This work introduces MWCNT‐incorporated nanomaterials with good stretchability, high ion conductivity, remarkable self‐healing nature, and good stress sensitivity. Such proteins hold promise for electronic sensors, wearable devices, and healthcare monitoring, unveiling a path to diverse applications. Our study addresses challenges and unlocks possibilities for materials that can adapt, withstand, and sense in innovative ways. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Preparation and properties of poly[(butylene adipate)‐co‐terephthalate]/thermoplastic hydroxypropyl starch films
Authors: Wang Muxi , Li Zehao , Zhao Wenbo , Huang Zhenyu , Liu Hong , Ma Li‐Jun , Yang Liting 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPoly[(butylene adipate)‐co‐terephthalate] (PBAT) is currently the most widely used and versatile petroleum‐based fully biodegradable polyester, drawing extensive attention from researchers. However, the high production cost of PBAT restricts its widespread application. Currently, incorporating fillers into PBAT materials is considered the most effective approach to reduce production costs, with thermoplastic starch recognized as the optimal filler for PBAT base materials. Nevertheless, the low mechanical strength of thermoplastic starch significantly compromises the performance of PBAT base materials. In this study, thermoplastic starch with higher mechanical strength was prepared by partially substituting commonly used glycerol with a higher molecular weight sorbitol as the plasticizer. The enhanced thermoplastic starch was then used as a filler for PBAT materials, leading to the fabrication of PBAT‐based blend films with high starch content. Mechanical property tests revealed a 52.2% and 65.3% increase of tensile strength in the transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively, when sorbitol partially replaced glycerol as the plasticizer for thermoplastic starch. Scanning electron microscopy results demonstrated improved dispersion of thermoplastic starch particles in PBAT when sorbitol and glycerol were used together. Meanwhile, the thermal performance and stability of PBAT were not significantly affected by the thermoplastic starch filling. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Exposures for anxiety: A survey of practicing school psychologists
Authors: Weiss Sheva , Shernoff Elisa S. , Lekwa Adam , Shahidullah Jeffrey 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite robust evidence supporting exposure‐based interventions for anxiety disorders in youth, these treatments are often underutilized, implemented with low fidelity, and delivered in an unnecessarily cautious manner. Few studies have examined important implementation variables (e.g., knowledge, training, perceptions) related to using exposures in schools. A national sample of school psychologists (N = 318) working in K‐12 public schools reported on their knowledge, training, perceptions, confidence, and use regarding exposures. Over 50% of respondents reported they do not use exposures. Only slightly more than half of the respondents received training in exposures through graduate coursework. Eighty percent endorsed negative beliefs about exposures, with nearly 50% expressing concern about acceptability of the intervention by parents. Barriers to delivering exposures within schools endorsed included inadequate time (79% of sample), training (61%), and access to training materials (51%). Implications for training, practice, and research in school psychology are discussed.
Tank‐mix adjuvants improved spray performance and biological efficacy in rice insecticide application with unmanned aerial vehicle sprayer
Authors: Wang Lingxiao , Xia Shiyu , Zhang Hao , Li Yangfan , Huang Zhan , Qiao Baiyu , Zhong Ling , Cao Mingzhang , He Xiongkui , Wang Changling , Liu Yajia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for the application of plant protection products (PPPs) in paddy fields is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Despite its growing usage, UAV spraying for rice pest control faces practical challenges, including limited canopy penetration, uneven deposition, and significant spray drift. This study investigated the impact of two tank‐mix adjuvants, Wonderful Rosin (Adjuvant‐1) and Tiandun (Adjuvant‐2), at six volume concentrations, on the spray liquid's physicochemical properties, spray drift, plant deposition, and the biological efficacy of rice insecticides using a quadrotor UAV sprayer.RESULTSThe physicochemical characteristics of the spray liquid influenced spray performance and biological efficacy. Incorporating Adjuvant‐1 and Adjuvant‐2 led to a decrease in surface tension and contact angle while increasing the viscosity of the spray solution. These alterations in surface tension and viscosity contributed to an optimized droplet size distribution, reduced spray drift, enhanced deposition uniformity and penetration, and improved control efficacy against the rice planthopper in UAV applications. The highest control efficacy was observed at a concentration of 0.5%, showing an improvement of 35.12% (Adjuvant‐1) and 20.23% (Adjuvant‐2) over applications without tank‐mix adjuvant 7 days after treatment.CONCLUSIONThe judicious selection of tank‐mix adjuvants for UAV PPP applications can significantly enhance spray performance and biological efficacy in controlling rice insects. This study's findings offer valuable insights for integrating tank‐mix adjuvants into UAV spraying applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Design, synthesis and Anti‐PVY activity of planar chiral thiourea derivatives incorporated with [2.2]Paracyclophane
Authors: Shu Liangzhen , Lv Ya , Chen Zhongyin , Huang Yixian , Zhang Meng , Jin Zhichao , Li Tingting , Chi Yonggui Robin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPotato virus Y (PVY) is a prominent representative of plant viruses. It can inflict severe damage upon Solanaceae plants, leading to global dissemination and substantial economic losses. To discover new antiviral agents, a class of planar chiral thiourea molecules through the key step of N‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed nitrile formation reaction was synthesized with excellent optical purities for antiviral evaluations against plant virus PVY.RESULTSThe absolute configurations of the planar chiral compounds exhibited obvious distinctions in the anti‐PVY activities. Notability, compound (S)‐4u exhibited remarkable curative activities against PVY, with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 349.3 μg mL−1, which was lower than that of the ningnanmycin (NNM) (EC50 = 400.8 μg mL−1). Additionally, The EC50 value for the protective effects of (S)‐4u was 146.2 μg mL−1, which was superior to that of NNM (276.4 μg mL−1). Furthermore, the mechanism‐of‐action of enantiomers of planar chiral compound 4u was investigated through molecular docking, defensive enzyme activity tests and chlorophyll content tests.CONCLUSIONBiological mechanism studies have demonstrated that the configuration of planar chiral target compounds plays a crucial role in the molecular interaction with PVY‐CP, enhancing the activity of defense enzymes and affecting chlorophyll content. The current study has provided significant insights into the roles played by planar chiralities in plant protection against viruses. This paves the way for the development of novel green pesticides bearing planar chiralities with excellent optical purities. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Absolute instability of moisture‐coupled waves on the equatorial beta‐plane
Authors: MacDonald Cameron G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe instabilities produced by a linear model of the tropical atmosphere coupled to a prognostic equation for water vapour are investigated. The basic model with no meridional wind supports unstable eastward‐propagating waves. For parameter regimes relevant to the Indo‐Pacific warm pool, the long‐time asymptotic behaviour of the unstable waves is found to be absolutely unstable, so that the amplitude of disturbances will grow in time at every point in the domain. The absolute instability of the system is realized at planetary length‐scales and intraseasonal frequencies. Other parameter choices for the system do not produce this same behaviour at these length‐ and time‐scales. It is shown that the resultant long‐time behaviour of the instability is characterized by roughly equal roles for temperature and moisture fluctuations in setting the thermodynamic tendency of the waves. With the inclusion of momentum damping, the phase speed of the absolutely unstable solution is about 7 ms. Addition of a strong background meridional moisture gradient, as in recent studies on the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), appears to remove the absolute instability from the system. In a background state that varies slowly in the zonal direction, it is shown analytically that localized regions of instability may be formed, again using parameter choices relevant to the warm pool. The dynamics and thermodynamics of these local instabilities show some correspondence with the observed development of the MJO as it propagates through the warm pool.
Nonlinear optimization filters for stochastic time‐varying convex optimization
Authors: Simonetto Andrea , Massioni Paolo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe look at a stochastic time‐varying optimization problem and we formulate online algorithms to find and track its optimizers in expectation. The algorithms are derived from the intuition that standard prediction and correction steps can be seen as a nonlinear dynamical system and a measurement equation, respectively, yielding the notion of nonlinear filter design. The optimization algorithms are then based on an extended Kalman filter in the unconstrained case, and on a bilinear matrix inequality condition in the constrained case. Some special cases and variations are discussed, notably the case of parametric filters, yielding certificates based on LPV analysis and, if one wishes, matrix sum‐of‐squares relaxations. Supporting numerical results are presented from real data sets in ride‐hailing scenarios. The results are encouraging, especially when predictions are accurate, a case which is often encountered in practice when historical data is abundant.
Observer‐based output feedback event‐triggered robust control for heterogeneous vehicular platoon systems
Authors: Tian Zixin , Li Yongming , Tong Shaocheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article, the problem of output feedback robust control for heterogeneous vehicle platoon system (HVPS) is investigated. A novel double‐channel event‐triggered mechanism is designed to reduce the waste of communication resources and unnecessary data transmissions. A neural network state observer is designed by intermittent output signal to estimate unmeasurable states. The prescribed performance function is used to establish a strong string stability condition. Combining backstepping recursive technique and prescribed performance function with its inverse transformation, observer‐based robust adaptive output feedback event‐triggered platoon controller is designed, which can ensure the individual stability, string stability, and strong string stability of HVPS. It is proved that all signals are bounded by Lyapunov stability analysis. Finally, the validity of the proposed results is proved by simulation.
New Amino Acids Naphthalene Scaffolds as Potent Antimicrobial Agents: In Vitro Assay and In Silico Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Kalariya Ravi N. , Pandya Vikrant H. , Gohil Nisarg G. , Bhattacharjee Gargi , Singh Vijai , Rajani Dhanji P. , Rana Shally , Bhosale Rajesh S. , Singh Yadav Jhillu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of innovative antifungal medications to address the issues of indiscriminate antifungal use contributes to certain antifungal drug resistance. To tackle this issue, we have designed and synthesized novel amino acids naphthalene scaffolds (6 a–6 i) (Scheme 1) by acid amine coupling between compound 5 and various amino acids. Moreover, we evaluated the antifungal, anti‐bacterial and antimalarial activities of synthesized derivatives. Among them, compounds Met (6 a), Phe (6 c), Lys (6 d), Ser (6 f), and Tyr (6 i) expressed excellent antifungal activity at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 250 μg/mL against Candida albicans compared to standard drug griseofulvin (500 μg/mL). The antibacterial assay results showed that compound Met (6 a) exhibited effective antibacterial activity at MIC value at 50 and 62.5 μg/mL against Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively, and compound Trp (6 g) showed very good antibacterial activity at MIC 62.5 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus. The antimalarial activity of synthesized compoundsVal (6 b) and Lys (6 d) showed moderately active with mean IC50 of 0.69 and 0.47 μg/mL, respectively compared with standard drug quinine (IC50=0.26 μg/mL). Also, a molecular docking study was performed to demonstrate the binding energy of synthesized scaffoldswith effective interaction with various proteins. The compound Met (6 a) showed that the highest binding affinity (binding energy: −7.1 kcal/mol) which interacted more effectively with VAL 120 (2.90 Å).
Ageist attitudes and psychological distress in older adults: The moderating role of reflective functioning
Authors: Bergman Yoav S. , Weissberger Gali H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAgeist attitudes have been associated with various aspects of psychological functioning in older adults. According to Terror Management Theory, older adults may be seen as a reminder of human demise and death, and research has demonstrated links between ageist attitudes and compromised abilities to seek and maintain close personal relationships, which ward off awareness of one's mortality. Accordingly, the current work examined whether reflective functioning, or the ability to comprehend one's own and others' mental states, mitigates the negative psychological manifestations of ageist attitudes in older adults. Data was collected from 686 participants aged 60–94 (Mage = 72.64, SD = 6.28), who completed scales assessing ageist attitudes, reflective functioning, and psychological distress, as well as relevant socio‐demographic information. Results indicated that ageist attitudes were linked with low levels of reflective functioning and enhanced psychological distress. Moreover, reflective functioning moderated the ageist attitudes‐distress link, which was not significant in individuals reporting high levels of reflective functioning. This study provides insight into how the ability to comprehend others' mental states mitigates the adverse psychological effects of ageist attitudes and highlights the importance of examining relationship‐enhancing personal factors within the context of negative ageing perceptions and psychological distress.
Mesoporous Gold: Substrate‐Dependent Growth Dynamics, Strain Accumulation, and Electrocatalytic Activity for Biosensing
Authors: Park Hyeongyu , Masud Mostafa Kamal , Ashok Aditya , Kim Minjun , Wahab Md Abdul , Zhou Jun , Terasawa Yukana , Gallo Carlos Salomon , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Hossain Md Shahriar A. , Yamauchi Yusuke , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the growth of mesoporous crystalline materials, such as mesoporous metals, on different substrates can provide valuable insights into the crystal growth dynamics and the redox reactions that influence their electrochemical sensing performance. Herein, it is demonstrated how the amorphous nature of the glass substrate can suppress the typical <111> oriented growth in mesoporous Au (mAu) films. The suppressed <111> growth is manifested as an accumulation of strain, leading to the generation of abundant surface defects, which are beneficial for enhancing the electrochemical activity. The fine structuring attained enables dramatically accelerated diffusion and enhances the electrochemical sensing performance for disease‐specific biomolecules. As a proof‐of‐concept, the as‐fabricated glass‐grown mAu film demonstrates high sensitivity in electrochemical detection of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific RNA with a limit of detection (LoD) as low as 1 attomolar (aM).
Constructing a 3D Zinc Anode Exposing the Zn(002) Plane for Ultralong Life Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Xingfa , Zhai Zhixiang , Yu Tianqi , Liang Xincheng , Huang Renshu , Wang Fan , Yin Shibin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe limited lifespan of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) is primarily attributed to the irreversible issues associated with the Zn anode, including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and side reactions. Herein, a 3D Zn anode exposing Zn(002) crystal planes (3D‐Zn(002) anode) is first constructed by an electrostripping method in KNO3 solution. Experiments and theoretical calculations indicate that the priority adsorption of KNO3 on Zn(100) and Zn(101) planes decreases the dissolution energy of Zn atoms, thereby exposing more Zn(002) planes. The 3D‐Zn(002) anode effectively regulates ion flux to realize the uniform nucleation of Zn2+. Moreover, it can inhibit water‐induced formation of side‐products and hydrogen evolution reaction. Consequently, the 3D‐Zn(002) symmetrical cell exhibits an exceptionally long lifespan surpassing 6000 h at 5.0 mA cm−2 with a capacity of 1.0 mAh cm−2, and enduring 8500 cycles at 30 mA cm−2 with a capacity of 1.0 mAh cm−2. Besides, when NH4V4O10 is used as the cathode, the 3D‐Zn(002)//NH4V4O10 full cell shows stable cycling performance with a capacity retention rate of 75.7% after 4000 cycles at 5.0 A g−1. This study proposes a feasible method employing a 3D‐Zn(002) anode for enhancing the cycling durability of ZIBs.
Reinforcing 2D Single‐Crystal Bi2O2CO3 with Additional Interlayer Carbonates by CO2‐Assisted Solid‐to‐Solid Phase Transition
Authors: Yang Bixia , Dong Weilong , Zhu Chongbing , Huang Xinlian , Han Yunhui , Zheng Yanting , Yan Jiawei , Zhuang Zanyong , Yu Yan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA facile gaseous CO2 mediated solid‐to‐solid transformation principle is adopted to insert additional CO32− anions into the thin single‐crystal nanosheets of Bi2O2CO3, which is built of periodic arrays of intrinsic CO32− anions and (Bi2O2)2+ layers. The additional CO32− anions create abundant defects. The Bi2O2CO3 nanosheets with rich interlayer CO32− exhibit superior electronic properties and charge transfer kinetics than the pristine single‐crystal 2D Bi2O2CO3 and display enhanced catalytic activity in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction and the photocatalytic oxidative degradation of organic pollutants. This work thus illustrates interlayer engineering as a flexible means to build layered 2D materials with excellent properties.