bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Textkritisches zu Origenes’ Contra Celsum
Authors: Johannes Arnold 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn spite of the efforts of prominent scholars there still remain a considerable number of textually disputed passages in Origen’s Contra Celsum. In the paper five of these are discussed, with proposals of new emendations: CC 1.57, 2.28, 3.16, 4.91, Celsus fr. VIII 28.
“Realizing” Paul's Visions: The New Testament, Caravaggio, and Paxton's Frailty
Authors: Walsh Richard 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis essay examines three different attempts to realize visionary experiences aesthetically: New Testament authors' depictions of Paul's conversion; Caravaggio's paintings of the same; and Bill Paxton's cinematic depiction of the horrific visions of a modern day seer in Frailty. The resulting aesthetic objects are not all realistic, but they all have the potential for an imperial impact upon their audiences' realities. The New Testament accounts of Paul's conversion are not realistic. They are mythic assertions of divine authority demanding obedient belief. Bill Paxton's Frailty contemporizes similar demands in its horrifying account of apocalyptic visionaries and violence. While the film does not offer a specific interpretation of Paul's conversion, its realization of apocalyptic visions raises important reservations about any imperialist vision, even that of the canon. By contrast, Caravaggio's paintings of Paul's conversion are far less imperialistic. While the chapel location of and the use of light within the second Conversion of St. Paul confer mythic authority upon it, the realistic, contemporizing of the episode in the painting itself demands interpretation, not simple belief. Before it, one is responsible for what one chooses to believe more obviously than one is before the New Testament accounts of Paul's conversion or the visions of Paxton's Frailty.
Towards a Theology of Citizenship as Public Theology in Brazil
Authors: von Sinner Rudolf 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLiberation theology has become known worldwide for its "preferential option for the poor" and its prophetic voice against economic and political oppression. Since the end of the military regime in Brazil (1985) and the fall of the Berlin Wall (1989), theologians are trying to grapple with the continuously appalling poverty, exclusion, and marginalization of very large sectors of society within an ever more complex context and a diversity of theoretical positions. How to do theology meaningfully in a world that has moved beyond the clear-cut dualities (like oppressed-oppressor) of the 1960s and 1970s? How to use fruitfully the new space available for participation in the public sphere? In civil society, politics and education, "citizenship" has become the key term for a participatory democracy. Departing from new directions taken in liberation theology, considering their strengths and insufficiencies, this essay explores features of a theology of citizenship and seeks to link it up to the growing international debate on public theology, a term not commonly used in Brazil to date. Special attention is given to the development of public theology in South Africa as an inspiring example, in order to facilitate a fruitful South-South dialogue.
Profintern: Die Rote Gewerkschaftsinternationale 1920–1937
Authors: Birchall Ian 
Published: December 2009

AbstractReiner Tosstorff's book gives a detailed account of the history of the Red International of Labour Unions (RILU), founded in 1921 as a body associated with the Communist International. Whereas the Comintern organised the minority of workers belonging to revolutionary parties, the trade-unions were the mass-organisation of the class. Tosstorff traces the various organisational problems that attended the founding of the RILU, and the splits, alliances, manoeuvres, negotiations and compromises that characterised its early years. From 1924 onwards the RILU rapidly became no more than an appendage of the Comintern, echoing the errors and betrayals of the latter body. The book contains a wealth of historical detail that makes it the standard work on the question. It may also have contemporary relevance to the way in which Marxists relate to the post-Seattle generation of anti-capitalists.
The Time Cost of Tornado Warnings and the Savings with Storm-Based Warnings
Authors: Sutter Daniel , Erickson Somer 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The authors examine the cost of time spent under tornado warnings issued annually by the National Weather Service (NWS). County-based tornado warnings imposed substantial costs on the nation: an average of 234 million person-hours spent under warnings annually between 1996 and 2004, with a value of $2.7 billion (U.S. dollars) per year. Counties are large relative to tornado damage areas; therefore, county-based warnings overwarned for tornadoes, warning many persons a safe distance from the storm and not in immediate danger. In October 2007 the NWS introduced storm-based warnings (SBW) for tornadoes, which are expected to reduce the area warned by 70%–75%. SBW consequently will reduce the time spent under warnings by over 160 million person-hours per year, with a value of $1.9 billion. The time spent under warnings does not measure the full cost to society because many people do not respond to the warnings. Adjusting for warning response, this study estimates that SBW might save 66 million person-hours actually spent sheltering a year with a value of $750 million. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the value of time spent sheltering saved by SBW exceeds $100 million per year with a probability of 0.95.
Universal Consent Practice in Academic Intensive Care Units (ICUs)
Authors: Stuke Lance , Jennings Andrew , Gunst Mark , Tyner Tracy , Friese Randall , O'Keeffe Terence , Frankel Heidi 
Published: December 2009

The purpose of this study was to determine national practice for obtaining consent in academic adult intensive care units (ICUs) for routine bedside procedures and to define universal consent rates by patient demographics within our own institution’s ICUs. Methods: A 10-question survey was sent to the program directors for all U.S. surgical and pulmonary critical care directors regarding consent practices. Further, the adoption of a universal consent protocol in an academic county hospital was studied. Results: Cross-sectional study: Thirty-seven percent of program directors completed the survey. Consent rates varied from 35% to 97% by procedure, with only 14% using a universal consent document. Providers in Medical ICUs obtained consent more often than in Surgical ICUs for both central line and pulmonary artery catheter placement (82.8% and 93.1% vs. 52.6% and 52.6%, respectively). Prospective cohort study: At our institution, 90% of 363 patients or their proxies signed universal consent for procedures, 4.4% consent with exemptions, while 5.2% refused. Insured patients were 2.7 times more likely to sign full universal consent for bedside ICU procedures than uninsured patients. Conclusion: There was a national variation in ICU consent practices with an interest in a wider usage of universal consent protocols. The latter was adopted differentially based on patient demographics. Universal consent was widely accepted at our institution.
The Role of Anatomic Factors in Predicting Success of Endovascular Repair of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Bowman Jonathan N. , Silverberg Daniel , Ellozy Sharif , Teodorescu Victoria , Poblete Honesto , Marin Michael , Faries Peter 
Published: December 2009

Objective: We evaluated the results of thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) to determine what anatomic factors influenced the clinical outcomes. Methods: Preoperative computed tomography (CT) angiograms of 65 patients who underwent TEVAR were analyzed using 3-dimensional imaging. The proximal and distal neck, thoracic aneurysm, and iliac arteries were measured for angulation, diameter, length, calcification, and tortuosity. Immediate technical success and clinical success were measured. Results: Immediate technical success was achieved in 91% (59 of 65) of the patients analyzed. One patient died in the operating room during treatment of rupture. Clinical success was achieved in 83% (54 of 65) of patients at follow-up. Four patients had small endoleaks with no sac enlargement at follow-up. One patient was converted to open repair. Severe iliac calcification was found to be significant for deployment failure. The mean follow-up is 8 months (1-36 months). Conclusion: Increased iliac calcification and increased iliac tortuosity correlate with an inability to successfully deploy the device.
Clinical-grade production of human mesenchymal stromal cells: occurrence of aneuploidy without transformation
Authors: Tarte Karin , Gaillard Julien , Lataillade Jean-Jacques , Fouillard Loic , Becker Martine , Mossafa Hossein , Tchirkov Andrei , Rouard Hélène , Henry Catherine , Splingard Marie , Dulong Joelle , Monnier Delphine , Gourmelon Patrick , Gorin Norbert-Claude , Sensebé Luc ,   on behalf of Société Française de Greffe de Moelle et Thérapie Cellulaire
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Clinical-grade human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been expanded in vitro for tissue engineering or immunoregulatory purposes without standardized culture conditions or release criteria. Although human MSCs show poor susceptibility for oncogenic transformation, 2 recent studies described their capacity to accumulate chromosomal instability and to give rise to carcinoma in immunocompromised mice after long-term culture. We thus investigated the immunologic and genetic features of MSCs expanded with fetal calf serum and fibroblast growth factor or with platelet lysate in 4 cell-therapy facilities during 2 multicenter clinical trials. Cultured MSCs showed a moderate expression of human leukocyte antigen-DR without alteration of their low immunogenicity or their immunomodulatory capacity. Moreover, some transient and donor-dependent recurring aneuploidy was detected in vitro, independently of the culture process. However, MSCs with or without chromosomal alterations showed progressive growth arrest and entered senescence without evidence of transformation either in vitro or in vivo.
Survival and relapse in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Hovinga Johanna A. Kremer , Vesely Sara K. , Terrell Deirdra R. , Lämmle Bernhard , George James N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSurvival of patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) improved dramatically with plasma exchange treatment, revealing risk for relapse. The Oklahoma TTP Registry is a population-based inception cohort of all 376 consecutive patients with an initial episode of clinically diagnosed TTP (defined as microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia with or without signs and symptoms of ischemic organ dysfunctions) for whom plasma exchange was requested, 1989 to 2008. Survival was not different between the first and second 10-year periods for all patients (68% and 69%, P = .83) and for patients with idiopathic TTP (83% and 77%, P = .33). ADAMTS13 activity was measured in 261 (93%) of 282 patients since 1995. Survival was not different between patients with ADAMTS13 activity < 10% (47 of 60, 78%) and patients with 10% or more (136 of 201, 68%, P = .11). Among patients with ADAMTS13 activity < 10%, an inhibitor titer of 2 or more Bethesda units/mL was associated with lower survival (P = .05). Relapse rate was greater among survivors with ADAMTS13 activity < 10% (16 of 47, 34%; estimated risk for relapse at 7.5 years, 41%) than among survivors with ADAMTS13 activity of 10% or more (5 of 136, 4%; P < .001). In 41 (93%) of 44 survivors, ADAMTS13 deficiency during remission was not clearly related to subsequent relapse.
Microstructure and Fatigue Strength of the Bearing Steel 52100 after Shortened Bainitic Treatment
Authors: Dong J. , Vetters H. , Hoffmann F. , Zoch Hans W. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Quenching to obtain martensite is the mostly applied process for standard rolling element bearings. Isothermal treatment in the lower bainitic range is used as an alternative method to generate favorable compressive residual stress on the surface of components, e.g., in spherical roller bearings. The duration of the bainitic treatment, however, is much longer than that of a martensitic treatment because more or less a complete transformation of austenite to bainite is usually requested. This causes higher energy consumption and a longer production period. Therefore it is desirable to perform bainitic treatment with a shortened process duration. In the present work possible processes for shortening the bainitic treatment of the bearing steel 52100 were primarily investigated by dilatometric experiments. Some selected processes were carried out in an industrial salt bath. The microstructures of bainite were observed by optical microscope, transmission electron microscope, and field emission scanning electron microscope. These were compared to martensitic microstructures. The cyclic fatigue strength of the steel after shortened bainitic treatments was examined using a rotating-bar fatigue test. The results show that the fatigue resistance while maintaining the requested minimum hardness of 58 HRC was even enhanced significantly through the shortened treatments particularly by means of a two-step bainitic treatment. The process duration was only about 25 % of the conventional time. The influence of the bainitic microstructure on the fatigue strength of the steel is discussed.
Die Neue Kulturgeschichte. Eine (Zwischen-)BilanzNew Cultural History. A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Tschopp Silvia Serena 
Published: December 2009

Zusammenfassung
Die Neue Kulturgeschichte hat gegenwärtig auch in Deutschland einen Institutionalisierungsgrad erreicht, der es geboten erscheinen läßt, bisher Erreichtes kritisch zu bilanzieren und noch zu Leistendes zu benennen. Der Beitrag fragt zunächst nach dem mit Blick auf den wissenschaftsgeschichtlichen Ort, den Gegenstand sowie das theoretischmethodische Fundament der Neuen Kulturgeschichte erreichten Konsens, um sich daraufhin drei Problemfeldern zuzuwenden, an denen sich die Kritik an der Neuen Kulturgeschichte entzündet hat: Reflektiert werden der Vorwurf einer ,Kannibalisierung' der Geschichtswissenschaft durch die Kulturhistorie, der Vorwurf der theoretischen Beliebigkeit sowie der Vorwurf einer radikalkonstruktivistischen Auffassung geschichtlicher Wirklichkeit. Der Geltungsgewinn der Neuen Kulturgeschichte, so das Fazit, gründet wesentlich in der Tatsache, daß die kulturalistische Geschichtsbetrachtung keinen Widerpart zu den lange dominierenden politik- und sozialgeschichtlichen Paradigmen und den sie leitenden Prämissen darstellt, sondern, auf etablierten Forschungstraditionen aufbauend, komplementäre Perspektiven zu entwickeln und den Radius historischer Erkenntnis zu erweitern vermag.
Predictive Equations for Lung Function Based on a Large Occupational Population in North China
Authors: Wu Yonghui , Zhang Zhongyi , Gang Baoqi , Love Edgar J. 
Published: December 2009

Predictive Equations for Lung Function Based on a Large Occupational Population in North China: Yonghui Wu, et al. Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, P.R. ChinaObjectivesThe currently used predictive equations of lung function in North China were derived from early study and have not been updated for nearly two decades.MethodsUsing American Thoracic Society (ATS) standards, sex‐specific spirometric predictive equations for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), ratio of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1%) and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of forced vital capacity (FEF25–75%) were derived from 2,897 asymptomatic, lifelong non‐smokers (1,208 males, 1,689 females) from a large occupational population in North China. Stepwise multiple regressions were carried out to identify the best predictors of lung function parameters and predictive equations. Independent variables considered for inclusion in predictive equations including age, height, weight and chest circumference were examined.ResultsAge and height were found to be necessary variables for all lung function parameters. Weight was a significant variable in only half of our equations. Chest circumferences (expired or inspired) was excluded as they are not practical in use. Data from 255 apparently healthy non‐smokers were used to validate the equations by comparing percentage predicted values and proportion of subjects with normal predicted values with those from the study group, and a high accordance was obtained. Other equations published and used in North China do not appear to offer advantages over these equations.ConclusionsThese newly developed predictive equations should ideally be applied to calculate lung function for adult individuals and populations as reference values in North China.
The use of microgravity technique in archaeology: A case study from the St. Nicolas Church in Pukanec, Slovakia
Authors: Pánisová Jaroslava , Pašteka Roman 
Published: December 2009

The use of microgravity technique in archaeology: A case study from the St. Nicolas Church in Pukanec, SlovakiaThe detection of subsurface cavities, such as crypts, cellars and tunnels, in churches and castles belongs to successful applications of the employment of surface gravity measurement techniques in archaeo-prospecting. The old historic building exploration requires using of non-invasive methods, and hence the microgravity technique is a proper candidate for this task. On a case study from the Roman-Catholic Church of St. Nicolas in the town Pukanec the results of using microgravity for detection and delineation of local density variations caused by a near-surface void are shown. The acquired negative anomaly in the residual Bouguer anomalies field suggested the presence of a possible void feature. Euler deconvolution and 3D modelling were used to estimate the depth and shape of the anomalous source. Additionally, measurements of the vertical gravity gradient on several stations were performed. We tested how the use of a downward continuation of gravity, utilizing the real vertical gravity gradient, influences the shape and amplitude of the final Bouguer anomaly map.
Early Motherhood and Contraceptive Use among Adolescents: A Study from Rajshahi District of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Mosiur 
Published: December 2009

Introduction: This paper employs various statistical methods to identify the factors associated with age at first motherhood and contraception use among the adolescence mothers in Rajshahi district of Bangladesh. Methods: To meets the objectives this study utilizes information from 1000 married adolescents of Rajshahi district within the age span (15-19 years). Results: We have observed adolescents mean age at first marriage and birth to be 15.0 and 16.4 years. This study reveals that the education, place of residence, occupation of husband and religion played the greatest roles on adolescent's age at first motherhood. The analysis shows that, use of contraceptive among the adolescent's was still very low. Slightly 56.7 per cent of the married adolescents were currently using any method of contraception. Among the factors determining contraceptive use among adolescents, education, visits of family planning workers and place of residence appears to be the most significant and positively associated with contraceptive use. Conclusions: The results indicate several policy options: (1) government has to take initial steps to strictly prohibit the early marriage with the proper application of existing law that would directly or indirectly rise the age at first birth among the adolescence; (2) programmes that encourage postponement of first birth after marriage through adoption of temporary contraceptive methods should be considered seriously ; (3) provide adolescents with information on the availability of family planning methods and their effectiveness; (4) increase the number of visits by family planning workers and their counseling about family planning methods help to motivate adolescents to accept family planning methods and use them effectively and (5)emphasize adolescents education to make a lasting impact on overall health of the adolescent mothers. Key words: Adolescence, age specific live birth, contraception DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i1.2454 Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society Vol.30(1) 2010 8-17
Handbook of Paediatric Problems
Authors: Basnet Sudha 
Published: December 2009

Professor Pushpa Raj Sharma "Handbook of Paediatric Problems" Third Edition Makalu Publication House, Dilli Bazar, Kathmandu, Nepal 2009 724 pp Price: Rs. 500/- (ISBN 978-9937-503- 21-1) DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v30i1.2466 Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society Vol.30(1) 2010 69
Dye tracing a jökulhlaup: I. Subglacial water transit speed and water-storage mechanism
Authors: Werder Mauro A. , Loye Alexandre , Funk Martin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe present results of an investigation of two jökulhlaups (glacial lake outburst floods) at Gornergletscher, Switzerland, using dye-tracer experiments and complementary hydrological measurements. Repeated dye injections into moulins showed that tracer transit speeds were larger after the lake had emptied, but when proglacial discharge was still high, than during the main phase of the jökulhlaup. This counter-intuitive finding was modelled by tracer retardation inside the injection moulin. This model, together with an estimate of the maximum time the tracer takes to transit the injection moulin, allows us to calculate bounds on the transit speed in the main drainage channel where the lake water flows. These results indicate that the main drainage channel transit speeds are indeed highest during the peak of the flood. Moreover, it is known from a previous study that water amounting to half of the lake volume is temporarily stored within the glacier during a Gornergletscher jökulhlaup. Our observations suggest that this process occurred via lateral spreading of water at the glacier bed.
On the Asymptotic Behavior of Complete Kähler Metrics of Positive Ricci Curvature
Authors: Anchouche Boudjemâa 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLet (X, g) be a complete noncompact Kähler manifold, of dimension n ≥ 2, with positive Ricci curvature and of standard type (see the definition below). N. Mok proved that X can be compactified, i.e., X is biholomorphic to a quasi-projective variety. The aim of this paper is to prove that the L2 holomorphic sections of the line bundle K−qXand the volume form of the metric g have no essential singularities near the divisor at infinity. As a consequence we obtain a comparison between the volume forms of the Kähler metric g and of the Fubini-Study metric induced on X. In the case of dimC X = 2, we establish a relation between the number of components of the divisor D and the dimension of the.
Heat‐Activatable Primers for Hot‐Start PCR and Hot‐Start One‐Step RT‐PCR: Endpoint and Real‐Time Experiments
Authors: Ashrafi Elena Hidalgo , Paul Natasha 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHot‐start PCR is a technique that improves PCR performance by reducing nonspecific amplification during the initial setup stages of the PCR. This unit describes hot‐start PCR protocols which utilize primers containing temperature‐sensitive modifications. The introduction of 4‐oxo‐tetradecyl (OXT) phosphotriester groups onto the 3′ end of the primer allows for primer‐based hot‐start PCR that is amenable for use in a number of PCR‐based applications. The protocols described in this unit utilize OXT‐modified primers in applications such as standard thermal cycling PCR, fast thermal cycling PCR, multiplex PCR, and one‐step reverse‐transcription PCR. This method is also advantageous for instances where improved PCR specificity is desired and a hot‐start polymerase suitable for your application is not available. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 88:15.9.1‐15.9.15. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.