bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal disease and the oral microbiota in new‐onset rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Scher Jose U. , Ubeda Carles , Equinda Michele , Khanin Raya , Buischi Yvonne , Viale Agnes , Lipuma Lauren , Attur Mukundan , Pillinger Michael H. , Weissmann Gerald , Littman Dan R. , Pamer Eric G. , Bretz Walter A. , Abramson Steven B. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo profile the abundance and diversity of subgingival oral microbiota in patients with never‐treated, new‐onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsPeriodontal disease (PD) status, clinical activity, and sociodemographic factors were determined in patients with new‐onset RA, patients with chronic RA, and healthy subjects. Multiplexed‐454 pyrosequencing was used to compare the composition of subgingival microbiota and establish correlations between the presence/abundance of bacteria and disease phenotypes. Anti–Porphyromonas gingivalis antibody testing was performed to assess prior exposure to the bacterial pathogen P gingivalis.ResultsThe more advanced forms of periodontitis were already present at disease onset in patients with new‐onset RA. The subgingival microbiota observed in patients with new‐onset RA was distinct from that found in healthy controls. In most cases, however, these microbial differences could be attributed to the severity of PD and were not inherent to RA. The presence and abundance of P gingivalis were also directly associated with the severity of PD and were not unique to RA. The presence of P gingivalis was not correlated with anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) titers. Overall exposure to P gingivalis was similar between patients with new‐onset RA and controls, observed in 78% of patients and 83% of controls. The presence and abundance of Anaeroglobus geminatus correlated with the presence of ACPAs/rheumatoid factor. Prevotella and Leptotrichia species were the only characteristic taxa observed in patients with new‐onset RA irrespective of PD status.ConclusionPatients with new‐onset RA exhibited a high prevalence of PD at disease onset, despite their young age and paucity of smoking history. The subgingival microbiota profile in patients with new‐onset RA was similar to that in patients with chronic RA and healthy subjects whose PD was of comparable severity. Although colonization with P gingivalis correlated with the severity of PD, overall exposure to P gingivalis was similar among the groups. The role of A geminatus and Prevotella/Leptotrichia species in this process merits further study.
Spatiotemporal cost‐supply curves for bioenergy production in Mozambique
Authors: van der Hilst Floor , Faaij Andre P.C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study is to assess how bioenergy costs and supply potential in Mozambique develop over time in a spatially explicit way. The land availability for energy crops was explored making use of a business‐as‐usual and progressive scenario on the development of other land‐use functions. The assessment of the costs and supply potential is based on developments in land availability, the suitability of the land that is and becomes available, the disaggregated cost breakdown of energy crop production, the transportation distance of feedstock to conversion plant, the cost of conversion, the transportation distance from plant to harbor, and the cost of international shipping. The supply chains of eucalyptus (torrefied) pellets and sugarcane ethanol are used as a case study. The results show a large spatial variation in supply chain costs, which is the result of spatial variation in feedstock production costs, primary transport costs, and secondary transport costs. Most promising areas for eucalyptus and sugarcane production are scattered in the central south, the central, and the north‐eastern part of Mozambique where agro‐ecological conditions are relatively favorable, where sufficient feedstock can grow to meet plant input requirements, and where infrastructure is available. In 2030, in the progressive scenario, the total potential for eucalyptus pellet production amounts 3200 PJ of which 2500 PJ could be exported to Europe below a market price level of 8 €/GJ; for sugarcane ethanol, the total potential amount is 850 PJ of which 500 PJ could be exported below a price level of 30 €/GJ. The location of production is the key factor for cost‐effective production. This study demonstrates an approach which enables the assessment of the development of bioenergy potential and costs over time in a spatially explicit way. As environmental and socio‐economic impacts of bioenergy supply chains are highly related to the biophysical and socio‐economic context of the production location, a spatially explicit assessment of bioenergy production potential is a suitable approach for the assessment of the sustainability of bioenergy chains. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Conversion of biomass to sugars via ionic liquid hydrolysis: process synthesis and economic evaluation
Authors: Sen S. Murat , Binder Joseph B. , Raines Ronald T. , Maravelias Christos T. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractReplacement of fossil fuels with new sustainable resources is becoming crucial due to depleting petroleum reserves, increasing global energy demand, and arising environmental concerns. Lignocellulosic biomass can be an alternative to fossil resources as a sustainable and environmentally friendly feedstock for producing chemicals and fuels. One of the major challenges of biomass‐based technologies is to extract sugars that are covalently trapped inside the lignocellulosic biomass efficiently. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have been recognized as promising solvents for mild and rapid hydrolysis of biomass feedstocks with higher sugar yields. In this study, we first develop and then evaluate an IL‐based biomass hydrolysis strategy for large‐scale production of fermentable sugars from corn stover. Toward this aim, we develop a process simulation model based on the experimental studies reported by Binder and Raines (P Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 4516–4521(2010)) and a simulated‐moving‐bed (SMB) system. We identify that the major cost driver is the IL cost. Our analysis suggests that process alternatives with lower IL consumption and/or separation strategies that would allow higher recycle of ILs should be studied. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Rethinking Hardy–Weinberg and genetic drift in undergraduate biology
Authors: Masel Joanna 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPopulation genetics is often taught in introductory biology classes, starting with the Hardy–Weinberg principle (HWP) and genetic drift. Here I argue that teaching these two topics first aligns neither with current expert knowledge, nor with good pedagogy. Student difficulties with mathematics in general, and probability in particular, make population genetics difficult to teach and learn. I recommend an alternative, historically inspired ordering of population genetics topics, based on progressively increasing mathematical difficulty. This progression can facilitate just‐in‐time math instruction. This alternative ordering includes, but does not privilege, the HWP and genetic drift. Stochastic events whose consequences are felt within a single generation, and the deterministic accumulation of the effects of selection across multiple generations, are both taught before tackling the stochastic accumulation of the effects of accidents of sampling.
A microanatomical map of the structures hidden in the middle fossa based on the facial nerve hiatus: Measurements and their variability
Authors: Salma Asem , Makiese Orphee , Reiss Alisha , Pillai Promod , Sammet Steffen , Ammirati Mario 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationships/variations between the facial nerve hiatus (FNH) and middle cranial fossa neuro‐vascular structures. Twenty CT‐scanned middle cranial fossae of fresh adult cadavers were used; the greater superficial petrosal nerves, and critical neuro‐vascular structures were identified. Using the FNH as a reference point, a neuronavigation system was used to measure the distance between each structure and the FNH. The coefficient of variation (CV) was used to quantify the degree of variation among each distance. The mean distances and standard deviations between the various landmarks and the FNH, and the associated CV were analyzed. Furthermore, a microanatomical map of the structures hidden in the middle fossa based on the greater superficial petrosal nerve was generated. The most reliable relationships of the FNH were with the internal auditory canal (CV = 14.59), and with the vertical portion of the intrapetrous internal carotid artery (CV = 15.54). Our data demonstrate that the FNH can be used as anatomical landmark to plot the position of several hidden neurovascular structures when performing a middle‐fossa skull base approach. However, the pattern and the variation of these structures had to be recognized. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CT and MR arthrograms demonstrate a consistent communication between the tibiofemoral and superior tibiofibular joints
Authors: Puffer Ross C. , Spinner Robert J. , Murthy Naveen S. , Amrami Kimberly K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCommunications between the tibiofemoral and superior tibiofibular joints (STFJ) have been thought to be infrequent. Previous anatomic studies have revealed these in only 10–64% of cases. In this study, the authors reviewed the results of direct knee arthrography performed in 17 consecutive patients from January 2010 to July 2011 with various knee or STFJ‐related pathologies. In all 17 consecutive cases, the authors demonstrated evidence of knee and STFJ communications. The authors believe that high‐resolution imaging arthrography, especially with physiological loading and delayed imaging, can demonstrate these communications more consistently than unenhanced anatomic studies. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A reappraisal of adult thoracic surface anatomy
Authors: Mirjalili S. Ali , Hale Samuel J.M. , Buckenham Tim , Wilson Ben , Stringer Mark D. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAccurate surface anatomy is essential for safe clinical practice. Numerous inconsistencies in clinically important surface markings exist between and within anatomical reference texts. The aim of this study was to investigate key thoracic surface anatomical landmarks in vivo using computed tomographic (CT) imaging. High‐resolution thoracic CT scans from 153 supine adults (mean age 63, range 19–89 years; 53% female) taken at end tidal inspiration were analyzed by dual consensus reporting to determine the surface anatomy of the sternal angle, central veins, heart, lungs, and diaphragm. Patients with kyphosis/scoliosis, distorting space‐occupying lesions, or visceromegaly were excluded. The position of the cardiac apex, formation of the brachiocephalic veins, and vertebral levels of the sternal angle, xiphisternal joint, and aortic hiatus were consistent with commonly accepted surface markings although there was a wide range of normal variation. In contrast, common surface markings were markedly inaccurate for the following: the position of the tracheal bifurcation, aortic arch, and azygos vein termination (below the plane of the sternal angle at T5‐T6 vertebral level in most individuals); the superior vena cava/right atrial junction (most often behind the fourth costal cartilage); the lower border of the lung (adjacent to T12 vertebra posteriorly); and the level at which the inferior vena cava and esophagus traverse the diaphragm (T11 in most). Surface anatomy must be reappraised using modern imaging in vivo if it is to be evidence based and fit for purpose. The effects of gender, age, posture, respiration, build, and ethnicity also deserve greater emphasis. Clin. Anat. 25:827–834, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging investigation of the atlanto‐axial interspace
Authors: Scali Frank , Pontell Matthew E. , Welk Aaron B. , Malmstrom Theodore K. , Marshall Ewarld , Kettner Norman W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine the anatomy of the atlanto‐axial interspace using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Two hundred and forty MR images of living subjects were examined for the presence of a posterior dural prominence and oblique hypointense fibers between the first and second cervical neural arches. Of the 240 images analyzed, 64% revealed a posterior concavity of the cervical dura mater. Of this, 24% also revealed oblique, linear hypointense fibers that appeared to be in direct contact with the dura mater. Twenty‐three percent of the 240 images revealed oblique, linear hypointense fibers. Of the 23% that exhibited these fibers, 76% had an associated posterior thecal concavity of the cervical dura mater. A posterior dural prominence and oblique hypointense fibers were present in the atlanto‐axial interspace in a significant number of randomly selected magnetic resonance images. These findings may represent normal, nonpathological anatomy found on MR images and may be related to a recently reported anatomical structure. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparison of hepatic segmental anatomy as revealed by cross‐sections and MPR CT imaging
Authors: Liu Xue‐Jing , Zhang Jian‐Fei , Sui Hong‐Jin , Yu Sheng‐Bo , Gong Jin , Liu Jie , Wu Le‐Bin , Liu Cheng , Bai Jian , Shi Bing‐Yi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTo compare the areas of human liver horizontal sections with computed tomography (CT) images and to evaluate whether the subsegments determined by CT are consistent with the actual anatomy. Six human cadaver livers were made into horizontal slices with multislice spiral CT three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction was used during infusion process. Each liver segment was displayed using different color, and 3D images of the portal and hepatic vein were reconstructed. Each segmental area was measured on CT‐reconstructed images, which were compared with the actual area on the sections of the same liver. The measurements were performed at four key levels namely: (1) the three hepatic veins, (2) the left, and (3) the right branch of portal vein (PV), and (4) caudal to the bifurcation of the PV. By dividing the sum of these areas by the total area of the liver, the authors got the percentage of the incorrectly determined subsegmental areas. In addition to these percentage values, the maximum distances of the radiologically determined intersegmental boundaries from the true anatomic boundaries were measured. On the four key levels, an average of 28.64 ± 10.26% of the hepatic area of CT images was attributed to an incorrect segment. The mean‐maximum error between artificial segments on images and actual anatomical segments was 3.81 ± 1.37 cm. The correlation between radiological segmenting method and actual anatomy was poor. The hepatic segments being divided strictly according to the branching point of the PV could be more informative during liver segmental resection. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using a free open source software to teach mathematics
Authors: Botana Francisco , Abánades Miguel A. , Escribano Jesús 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe present the experience of the authors teaching mathematics to freshmen engineering students with the help of the open source computer algebra system Sage. We describe some teaching resources and present an ad hoc distribution of Sage used by the authors.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:728–735, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21565
Bubbles – Trouble‐Makers in Crystallizers: Classical Problems during Inline Measurements
Authors: Helmdach L. , Pertig D. , Rüdiger S. , Lee K.‐S. , Stelzer T. , Ulrich J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractParticle size and suspension density of urea suspensions were investigated by means of ultrasound, optical reflectance as well as focused‐beam reflectance measurement techniques. These techniques provide similar proven nonrealistic results regarding suspension density and crystal size. The resulting data can be explained by the presence of bubbles. The influence of air bubbles on the measurement of different particle size and suspension density monitoring techniques is demonstrated and evaluated. Floating air bubbles as well as crystal‐bubble complexes are strongly affecting the results and have to be considered under real conditions. It can be demonstrated that the negative impacts on the measured data can be decreased. Special precautions have, therefore, to be taken into account for calibrations, their validation, and during crystallization monitoring or controlling to avoid faulty measured suspension densities and particle sizes caused by bubbles.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic and Neutron Diffraction Study on Melilite‐Type Oxides Sr2MGe2O7 (M: Mn, Co).
Authors: Endo Takashi , Doi Yoshihiro , Hinatsu Yukio , Ohoyama Kenji 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe title compounds are characterized by powder X‐ray and neutron diffraction, specific heat, and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Tc Ferromagnetic Semiconductor‐Like Behavior and Unusual Electrical Properties in Compounds with a 2 x 2 x 2 Superstructure of the Half‐Heusler Phase.
Authors: Xiong Ding‐Bang , Okamoto Norihiko L. , Waki Takeshi , Zhao Yufeng , Kishida Kyosuke , Inui Haruyuki 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCompounds with the 2 x 2 x 2 superstructure of the half‐Heusler phase are obtained in the solid solutions of Co8(Zn1‐xMnx)8Sb8 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), Fe7.87 (Zn1‐xMnx)6.72Sb8, and Ru9(Zn1‐xMnx)7Sb8.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal and Electronic Structures of Neptunium Nitrides Synthesized Using a Fluoride Route.
Authors: Silva G. W. Chinthaka , Weck Philippe F. , Kim Eunja , Yeamans Charles B. , Cerefice Gary S. , Sattelberger Alfred P. , Czerwinski Kenneth R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe new compounds NpN2 (I) and Np2N3 (II) are prepared by ammonolysis of NH4—Np—F samples (obtained from mixtures of NpO2 and NH4HF2) at 800 °C in closed and open Pt containers for (I) and (II), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Na2.8Cu5Sn5.6: A Crystalline Alloy Featuring Intermetalloid 1∞{Sn0.6@Cu5@Sn5 } Double‐Walled Nanorods with Pseudo‐Five‐Fold Symmetry.
Authors: Stegmaier Saskia , Faessler Thomas F. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe title phase is prepared by the reaction of elemental Na with a preformed Cu—Sn alloy with an overall Na:Cu:Sn ratio of 3.0:5.0:5.6 (Ta ampule, 800 °C, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Application of Tartaric Acid Derived N‐Spiro Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Chiral Phase‐Transfer Catalysts.
Authors: Waser Mario , Gratzer Katharina , Herchl Richard , Mueller Norbert 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA novel spirocyclic TADDOL‐derived quaternary ammonium salt is successfully applied as organocatalyst in the asymmetric α‐alkylation of glycine Schiff base (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Addition of α‐Fluoro‐α‐phenylsulfonyl Ketones to Nitroolefins Catalyzed by Phenylalanine‐Based Bifunctional Thioureas.
Authors: Cui Hai‐Feng , Li Peng , Wang Xiao‐Wei , Zhu Shi‐Zheng , Zhao Gang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEnantiomerically enriched fluorine‐containing multifunctional molecules containing adjoining chiral fluorine‐substituted quaternary and tertiary centers are obtained in good yields and high dia‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Acidic‐Functionalized Ionic Liquid as an Efficient, Green and Reusable Catalyst for Hetero‐Michael Addition of Nitrogen, Sulfur and Oxygen Nucleophiles to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Han Feng , Yang Lei , Li Zhen , Xia Chungu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA variety of N‐, S‐ and O‐nucleophiles efficiently undergoes hetero‐Michael addition towards diverse α,β‐unsaturated ketones in the presence of catalytic amounts of ionic liquid [Hmim]OTos.
ChemInform Abstract: On‐Column Solvent‐Free Oxidative Cleavage Reactions of Vicinal Diols by Silica Gel and Paraperiodic Acid: Application to in situ Sequential Oxidation and Knoevenagel Reactions.
Authors: Dakdouki Saada C. , Villemin Didier , Bar Nathalie 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe on‐column oxidative cleavage of vicinal diols proceeds without the need for toxic, volatible organic solvents or aqueous work‐up and does not require pre‐preparation of the supported oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Alkynyl Oxiranes and Oxetanes.
Authors: Gronnier Colombe , Kramer Soeren , Odabachian Yann , Gagosz Fabien 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn the presence of a pyridine N‐oxide, the title reaction affords five‐ and six‐membered α,β‐unsaturated lactones.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols Catalyzed by N‐Hydroxyindole and Copper(I) Chloride.
Authors: Shen Shu‐Su , Kartika Vita , Tan Ying Shan , Webster Richard D. , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAmong different derivatives investigated, NHI is found to be the optimal catalyst component.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Direct α‐Amination of β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds Using Iodosobenzene and p‐Toluenesulfonamide Catalyzed by Perchlorate Zinc Hexahydrate.
Authors: Yu Jun , Liu Shan‐Shan , Cui Jian , Hou Xue‐Sen , Zhang Chi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMost reactions are achieved in less than 30 min.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Enamino Ketones with 3‐Ethoxycyclobutanones and Substituted Amines.
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Shan Gang , Chen Shi , Rao Yu 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSnCl4 catalyzes the reaction of primary amine components with cyclobutanones of type (I) in a selective manner and formation of (Z)‐enaminones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Approach Towards α‐Amino‐β‐keto Esters via Acylation of Chelated Amino Acid Ester Enolates.
Authors: Schultz Katharina , Stief Laura , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: May 2012

AbstractZinc‐chelated enolates of N‐protected amino acids are found to be efficient nucleophiles in the reaction with a variety of acyl halides to give α‐amino‐β‐keto esters in useful yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Cyclizations of Conjugated Trienes with Low Catalyst Loadings: A Robust Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Enabled by Acetic Acid Cocatalyst.
Authors: Liu Guansai , Wilkerson Phillip D. , Toth Christopher A. , Xu Hao 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAcetic acid as a co‐catalyst protects the chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene from decomposition and promotes the catalyst turnover.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Difunctionalized 1,3‐Dienes Containing Tin and Sulfonyl Groups by Palladium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereocontrolled Addition Reactions.
Authors: Zhao Hong , Yang Weisen , Xie Shiyun , Cai Mingzhong 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTitle compounds (V) may undergo further functionalization as is demonstrated in the synthesis of Stille coupling product (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Paraselective Gold‐Catalyzed Direct Alkynylation of Anilines.
Authors: Brand Jonathan P. , Waser Jerome 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA variety of p‐alkynylated aniline derivatives, whose silyl group can be easily cleaved to produce terminal alkynes, is available at room temperature in the presence of the benziodoxole agent (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Trifluoromethyl‐Containing Alcohols with Ruppert′s Reagent.
Authors: Singh Rajendra P. , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractReactions of Ruppert′s reagent (I) with various ketones and aldehydes lead to the formation of the corresponding trifluoromethylated silyl ether derivatives [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of (Z)‐1‐Fluoro‐1‐alkenyl Carboxylates, Carbonates and Carbamates Through Chromium Mediated Transformation of Dibromofluoromethylcarbinyl Esters and the Reactivity as Double Acyl Group Donors.
Authors: Saito Akio , Tojo Manabu , Yanai Hikaru , Wada Fukiko , Nakagawa Muga , Okada Midori , Sato Azusa , Okatani Rieko , Taguchi Takeo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCr(II)/Mn‐mediated transformation of dibromofluoromethylcarbinyl esters (I) and (III) into fluoroalkenyl esters (II) and (IV) proceeds stereoselectively via [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement of the ester group under mild conditions.