bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflow-Control-Device Design: Revisiting Objectives and Techniques
Authors: Daneshy Ali , Guo Boyun , Krasnov Vitaly , Zimin Sergey 
Published: February 2012

Summary
Inflow-control devices (ICDs) were developed in response to early water breakthrough from the heel of prolific horizontal wells. In their initial applications, the design of ICD installations was based on equalizing flux (flow rate per unit length) along the length of a horizontal well, which required "choking" of flux in the heel region. In practice, these tools are often installed along the entire length of a horizontal well, with the logic that, because choking level is proportional to flow, the tool will automatically produce a more uniform flow profile.
In this paper, we will re-examine the technical validity of equalizing flux along the length of the horizontal well. We will show that, in reservoirs with uniform permeability, the flux from the toe and heel regions should, in fact, be larger than that from the midsection. We will also show that delaying water or gas breakthrough is not the best reason for using ICDs. We will discuss the benefits of a new design philosophy whereby the well is segmented and choked at a level that regulates its flux to a value that produces a more-suitable flow for optimum reservoir management. This gives the operator the flexibility to design ICD layout to optimize various flow parameters, including time or cumulative production at water/gas breakthrough, location of first water/gas breakthrough, or any other parameter that fits the production strategy. This will be especially valuable for wells in variable-permeability reservoirs. A new design philosophy developed on the basis of this concept will be presented and its benefits demonstrated through a case history.
Analysis of Nitrogen Stimulation Technique in Shallow Coalbed-Methane Formations
Authors: Settari A.. , Bachman R.C.. C. , Bothwell P.. 
Published: February 2012

Summary
Nitrogen (N2) stimulation has become the preferred technique for stimulation of coal seams in the Horseshoe Canyon play in Alberta. It consists of stimulating each seam by pumping at very high rates for short time (2–4 minutes). Because the coal is producible at shallow depths, the Energy Resource Conservation Board (ERCB) has been developing and updating regulatory guidelines that aim to protect the freshwater supply.
This study was undertaken to improve the understanding of the process and provide recommendations on the regulatory guidelines for shallow depth (less than 200 m). The study was provided with extensive data from the industry (more than 20,000 fractures in more than 2,000 wells) and has carried out several types of analyses to estimate fracture orientation and dimensions and their dependence on N2-injection rate and duration and on reservoir parameters. This included statistical analysis of large amounts of surface pressure data, pressure-transient analysis (PTA) of downhole pressure data, analysis of fracture-mapping data, and conceptual simulations of the injection process using coupled reservoir and geomechanical models. Coupled geomechanical modeling provided a realistic physical model of the process (in comparison with conventional models). Stress dependence of coal permeability and permeability anisotropy were shown to be the controlling mechanisms. This model was then used to investigate height-growth mechanisms.
After considering the results of the analysis, its limitations, uncertainties in geological description of the coal and shale sequences, available case histories, and other factors, recommendations were made for modifications, resulting in the revised ERCB Directive 27, Shallow Fracturing Operations—Restricted Operations, released 14 August 2009.
Parameters Affecting the Interaction Among Closely Spaced Hydraulic Fractures
Authors: Bunger A.P.. P. , Zhang X.. , Jeffrey R.G.. G. 
Published: February 2012

Summary
Placing multiple hydraulic fractures at intervals along horizontal wells has proved to be a highly effective method for stimulation. However, the mechanical interaction between a growing hydraulic fracture and one or more previous hydraulic fractures can affect the fracture geometry such that the final fracture array is suboptimal for stimulation. If the fracture-array geometry is idealized as a set of regular and planar fractures, history matching and production forecasting may be inaccurate. During the treatments, the fractures can curve toward or away from one another, potentially intersecting one another. A detailed parametric study of this phenomenon using a coupled 2D numerical fracturing simulator shows that the curving is associated with a combination of opening and sliding along the previously placed hydraulic fracture, as well as the previous fracture's disturbance of the local stress field because of its propped width. Dimensional analysis and scaling techniques are used to identify the key parameters that are associated with suppression of each mechanism that can lead to hydraulic-fracture curving. The analysis, which is in agreement with available data, results in a clarification of the conditions under which attractive and repulsive curving are expected, as well as the conditions under which curving is expected to be negligible or even completely suppressed. This last case of planar hydraulic-fracture growth is of practical importance and will usually be considered desirable. We present a straightforward method for determining whether planar fracture growth is expected that additionally gives insight into how design parameters can be modified to promote planar hydraulic-fracture growth.
Inversion of Distributed-Temperature-Sensing Logs To Measure Zonal Coverage During and After Wellbore Treatments With Coiled Tubing
Authors: Tardy P.M.J.. M.J. , Ramondenc P.. , Weng X.. , Burgos R.. , Baez F.. , Yekta-Ganjeh K.. 
Published: February 2012

Summary
Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) is a fiber-optic technology that provides continuous temperature profiles along the length of a well. When placing the fiber inside a coiled tubing (CT), one can monitor the temperature evolution while pumping as well as during a shut-in period. This evolution, in turn, yields some indications about the fluid-placement performance or zonal coverage. So far, interpretation of such DTS traces has been mostly qualitative. The work presented here demonstrates how DTS data can be used, coupled with an inversion algorithm and a forward model of fluid injection into a reservoir, to quantify the intake profile of treatment fluid along the wellbore. Recent field cases of matrix acidizing treatments in carbonate reservoirs are analyzed to illustrate the workflow and how it may yield valuable information.
Improved Uncertainty Quantification in the Ensemble Kalman Filter Using Statistical Model-Selection Techniques
Authors: Sætrom Jon , Hove Joakim , Skjervheim Jan-Arild , Gustav Vabø Jon 
Published: February 2012

Summary
The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a sequential Monte Carlo method for solving nonlinear spatiotemporal inverse problems, such as petroleum-reservoir evaluation, in high dimensions. Although the EnKF has seen successful applications in numerous areas, the classical EnKF algorithm can severely underestimate the prediction uncertainty. This can lead to biased production forecasts and an ensemble collapsing into a single realization.
In this paper, we combine a previously suggested EnKF scheme based on dimension reduction in the data space, with an automatic cross-validation (CV) scheme to select the subspace dimension. The properties of both the dimension reduction and the CV scheme are well known in the statistical literature. In an EnKF setting, the former can reduce the effects caused by collinear ensemble members, while the latter can guard against model overfitting by evaluating the predictive capabilities of the EnKF scheme. The model-selection criterion traditionally used for determining the subspace dimension, on the other hand, does not take the predictive power of the EnKF scheme into account, and can potentially lead to severe problems of model overfitting. A reservoir case study is used to demonstrate that the CV scheme can substantially improve the reservoir predictions with associated uncertainty estimates.
Microleakage Resistance of Minimally Invasive Class I Flowable Composite Restorations
Authors: Bonilla ED , Stevenson RG , Caputo AA , White SN 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARY
Minimally invasive flowable composite Class I restorations are widely used. However, flowable composites are characterized by low filler contents, modified resin formulations, low moduli of elasticity, low viscosity, generally poor mechanical properties, and decreased long-term stability. The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage resistance of a wide variety of flowable composites used with their manufacturers' recommended bonding systems to that of a long-used and widely studied microhybrid composite when placed as minimally invasive occlusal restorations. Molar teeth were prepared in a standardized manner, restored, artificially aged, stained, sectioned, evaluated, and analyzed. Microleakage varied substantially, by a whole order of magnitude, among the material groups tested. The control group, a conventional microhybrid composite material, leaked significantly less than all the flowable composite groups. Microleakage varied very slightly among measurement site locations. Tiny microscopic bubbles were seen within many of the flowable composite specimens, as were a few voids.
Preliminary spectroscopic investigation of some PVA membranes gamma irradiated
Authors: Todica Mihai , Udrescu Luciana , Şimon Simion 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The UV-VIS absorption property and the structural modification of PVA membranes gamma irradiated were investigated by XRD, UV-VIS and Raman spectroscopies. The increase of UV absorbance is observed after irradiation. This behavior is correlated with the scission effect and local ordering of the polymeric chain induced by irradiation. These effects were probed by XRD and Raman spectroscopy.
Posterior pusher syndrome — case report
Authors: Mikołajewska Emilia 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Pusher syndrome is classically described as disorder of body orientation in the coronal plane. It is characterized by a tilt towards the contralesional paretic side and a resistance to external attempts to rectify. It occurs mainly in stroke patients, however, non-stroke causes have been described too. In 2010 the concept of the posterior pusher syndrome had been proposed, defined as disturbance of body orientation in the sagittal plane with imbalance, posterior tilt and an active resistance to forward pulling or pushing. The author describes, on the basis of the literature and own research, symptoms and methods of the treatment of the little-known posterior pusher syndrome.
Ecological response of some <i>Iris</i> L. taxa (Iridaceae) in Turkey
Authors: Kandemir Nezahat , Çelik Ali , Sürücü Abdulkadir 
Published: February 2012

Ecological relationships of some Iris taxa belonging to subgenera Hermodactyloides (I. danfordiae, I. histrio subsp. aintabensis, I. histrio subsp. histrio, I. reticulata, I. bakeriana, I. pamphylica) and Scorpiris (I. aucheri and I. persica) have been compared and relationships between taxa have been determined. These taxa are geophytes and flower in Spring. I. danfordiae, I. pamphylica and subsp. aintabensis are endemic to Turkey. I. reticulata and I. persica have widespread distribution while I. aucheri, subsp. aintabensis, subsp. histrio, I. pamphylica and I. bakeriana have restricted distribution in Turkey. Soil samples of the taxa were collected during flowering periods and physical and chemical properties (texture class, total salinity %, pH, CaCO3 %, organic matter %, N %, P kg/da, K kg/da, Ca , Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn ppm) were determined. The correlations between the soil analyses and taxa were evaluated using regression analysis. The P and CaCOsub>3 values were found to be more effective than the other soil factors in the distributions of investigated taxa. Key words: Iris taxa; Endemic; Rare; Ecological properties; Relationship DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v40i2.9774 Bangladesh J. Bot. 40(2): 177-184, 2011 (December)
Spatiotemporal Inhibition of Innate Immunity Signaling by the Tbc1d23 RAB-GAP
Authors: De Arras Lesly , Yang Ivana V. , Lackford Brad , Riches David W. H. , Prekeris Rytis , Freedman Jonathan H. , Schwartz David A. , Alper Scott 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
We previously identified Tbc1d23 as a candidate novel regulator of innate immunity using comparative genomics RNA interference screens in Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse macrophages. Using Tbc1d23 knockout mice and macrophages engineered to overexpress Tbc1d23, we now show that Tbc1d23 is a general inhibitor of innate immunity signaling, strongly inhibiting multiple TLR and dectin-signaling pathways. Tbc1d23 likely acts downstream of the TLR-signaling adaptors MyD88 and Trif and upstream of the transcription factor XBP1. Importantly, like XBP1, Tbc1d23 affects the maintenance, but not the initiation, of inflammatory cytokine production induced by LPS. Tbc1d23 acts as a RAB-GAP to regulate innate immunity signaling. Thus, Tbc1d23 exerts its inhibitory effect on innate immunity signaling in a spatiotemporal fashion. The identification of a novel spatiotemporal regulator of innate immunity signaling validates the comparative genomics approach for innate immunity gene discovery.
The Effect of Conductors on Ensemble Evaluations
Authors: Price Harry E. , Mann Alison 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Undergraduate music and music education majors (N = 131) scored stimulus video recordings of conductors and ensembles with seven conductors directing an identical performance of a college wind band composition from the performer's (front) and audience's (back) perspectives. Participants provided written suggestions and a numeric rating for each conductor and ensemble stimuli. The comments were used to develop emergent themes and trends were found regarding positive and negative influences of the conductor and performance. Two aspects of the comments were of particular interest: (1) the most common comment for the ensemble regarded following the conductor (along with musical expression), which were predominantly positive even though the performance was identical for all conductors, and (2) expressivity was a focus for both the conductor and ensemble comments even though participants were rating quality. Results indicated that there was a significant (p &lt; .0001) conductor impact on the conductor and ensemble performance evaluations, even though the performances were identical. The conductor scores were strongly related to the ratings of the ensemble performances. It was also found that conductors viewed from the front or back had a significant (p &lt; .01) impact on participant evaluations of conductors but not ensembles.
Phenotypic variability in hyperphosphatasia with seizures and neurologic deficit (Mabry syndrome)
Authors: Thompson Miles D. , Roscioli Tony , Marcelis Carlo , Nezarati Marjan M. , Stolte‐Dijkstra Irene , Sharom Frances J. , Lu Peihua , Phillips John A. , Sweeney Elizabeth , Robinson Peter N. , Krawitz Peter , Yntema Helger G. , Andrade Danielle M. , Brunner Han G. , Cole David E.C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHyperphosphatasia with neurologic deficit (Mabry syndrome) was first described in a single family (OMIM#239300) by Mabry et al. [1970]. Although considered rare at the time, more than 20 individuals with the triad of developmental disability, seizures, and hyperphosphatasia have been identified world‐wide. The 1‐6 mannosyltransferase 2, phosphatidylinositol glycan V (PIGV) gene has been found to be disrupted in some patients with the additional feature of brachytelephalangy. In the present report we identify three patients compound homozygous for PIGV mutations. Two siblings were found to be compound heterozygotes for c.467G > A and c.494C > A in exon 3 of PIGV (the c.494C > A PIGV variant is novel). A third patient with similar phenotype, was a compound heterozygote for the known c.1022C > A/c.1022C > T (p.Ala341Glu/p.Ala341Val) mutation. This patient was also noted to have lysosomal storage in cultured fibroblasts. In contrast, the fourth patient who had no apparent hand abnormality, was found to be heterozygous for a previously unclassified c.1369C > T mutation in exon 4 of the PIGV gene, resulting in a p.Leu457Phe substitution in the catalytic domain of the enzyme. Unless this variant has a dominant negative effect, however, it seems likely that another GPI biosynthesis gene variant may contribute to the disorder, possibly through digenic inheritance. Since slightly fewer than half of the nine cases presented in this report and our previous report [Thompson et al., 2010] have PIGV mutations, we suggest that other genes critical to GPI anchor biosynthesis are likely to be disrupted in some patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Information system integration model of manufacturing enterprise based on object process methodology and its application
Authors: Shen Qinghong , Su Hongye 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTManufacturing industry needs a more effective and unified information system to meet market demand changes and societal/environmental requirements. This paper compares two system modeling approaches, Object Process Methodology (OPM) and Unified Modeling Language (UML), to find out the advantages of OPM in modeling the information system integration models proposed in the international standard International Electrotechnical Commission/International Organization for Standardization (IEC/ISO) 62264 (an adoption of International Society of Automation SP95). This paper rebuilds the information system integration models in IEC/ISO 62264 based on OPM instead of UML. The application in an oil refinery factory verifies the effectiveness of these models and the convenience of OPM. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical and thermal properties of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement composites incorporated with hydroxyapatite and glass‐ceramic fillers
Authors: Hamizah A. S. , Mariatti M. , Othman R. , Kawashita M. , Noor Hayati A. R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA new bioactive glass‐ceramic based on the Na2OCaOSiO2P2O5 glass system was used as bioactive filler in commercial polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement; (PALACOS® LV). The results of this newly fabricated glass‐ceramic were compared with those of hydroxyapatite (HA) filler. PMMA bone cement containing 0, 4, 8, 12, or 16 wt % glass‐ceramic and HA were prepared. The effects of bioactive fillers and different filler loadings on mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated. Results show that flexural strength decreased, while flexural modulus increased as filler loading was amplified. Fracture toughness was also observed. Results of thermogravimetric analysis indicate that the thermal stability of the cement composites increased with increasing glass‐ceramic and HA contents. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows that the addition of glass‐ceramic fillers resulted in an increase in storage modulus and Tg. Apatite morphology was observed on the surface of the glass‐ceramic, GCBC4, and GCBC8 after a bioactivity test. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Chemiluminescence determination of sulphite using a cyclometalated iridium complex as chemiluminescence reagent
Authors: Wu Fanghui , Tong Bihai , Wei Xianwen , Chen Le 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTA simple, fast and accurate chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of sulphite has been developed, based on its sensitizing effect on the CL reaction between a novel water‐soluble iridium complex, [(dpci)2Ir(bvbbi)](PF6) (dpci = 3,4‐diphenylcinnoline; bvbbi = N,N′‐bivinylester‐1H,1′H‐[2,2′] bibenzimidazole) and cerium(IV). Under the optimal experimental conditions, the increased CL response was linear, with the concentration of sulphite over the range 5.0 × 10–7–5.0 × 10–4 mol/L. The detection limit of the method was 1.6 × 10–7 mol/L, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.7% for nine repetitive determination of 1.0 × 10–4 mol/L sulphite. The method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of sulphite in sugar samples. The possible reaction mechanism of sulphite on the [(dpci)2Ir(bvbbi)](PF6)–cerium(IV) system is also briefly discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The comparative research on constituents of Radix Aconiti and its processing by HPLC quadrupole TOF‐MS
Authors: Wu Jian , Hong Bo , Wang Jia , Wang Xi , Niu Sijia , Zhao Chunjie 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTBased upon the regulations stipulated by the State Food and Drug Administration of China, only the processed, detoxified tubers and roots of Aconitum are allowed to be administered orally, used in clinical decoctions and adopted as raw materials for pharmaceutical manufacturing, so the processing principle of preparation of Radix Aconiti is important for ensuring the Radix Aconiti praeparata quality. A simple approach was described for HPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS screening and identification of many of the aconitine alkaloids present in unprocessed Radix Aconiti and Radix Aconiti praeparata. To compare their fingerprints, the processing principle of preparation of Radix Aconiti was developed. Twenty‐nine compounds and 26 compounds were assigned to aconitine alkaloids and tentatively identified by comparing accurate mass and fragments information with that of the authentic standards or by mass spectrometry analysis and retrieving the reference literature. The nonester alkaloids were almost the same. The diester diterpene alkaloids were decreased, the monoester‐diterpene alkaloids were increased and lipo‐alkaloids decreased obviously in the processing of the preparation. These transformed components could be regarded as potential chemical markers that can be used to distinguish between raw and processed herbs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation and application of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of GDC‐0834 and its metabolite in human plasma using semi‐automated 96‐well protein precipitation
Authors: Shin Young G. , Jones Steve A. , Murakami Stan C. , Liu Lichuan , Wong Harvey , Buonarati Michael H. , Hop Cornelis E. C. A. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTA liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric (LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of GDC‐0834 and its amide hydrolysis metabolite (M1) in human plasma to support clinical development. The method consisted of semi‐automated 96‐well protein precipitation extraction for sample preparation and LC‐MS/MS analysis in positive ion mode using TurboIonSpray® for analysis. D6‐GDC‐0834 and D6‐M1 metabolite were used as internal standards. A linear regression (weighted 1/concentration2) was used to fit calibration curves over the concentration range of 1 – 500 ng/mL for both GDC‐0834 and M1 metabolite. The accuracy (percentage bias) at the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 5.20 and 0.100% for GDC‐0834 and M1 metabolite, respectively. The precision (CV) for samples at the LLOQ was 3.13–8.84 and 5.20–8.93% for GDC‐0834 and M1 metabolite, respectively. For quality control samples at 3, 200 and 400 ng/mL, the between‐run CV was ≤7.38% for GDC‐0834 and ≤8.20% for M1 metabolite. Between run percentage bias ranged from −2.76 to 6.98% for GDC‐0834 and from −6.73 to 2.21% for M1 metabolite. GDC‐0834 and M1 metabolite were stable in human plasma for 31 days at −20 and −70°C. This method was successfully applied to support a GDC‐0834 human pharmacokinetic‐based study. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.