bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Property Studies of Cyclotrisazobenzenes
Authors: Reuter Raphael , Hostettler Nik , Neuburger Markus , Wegner Hermann A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAzobenzenophanes are fascinating macrocycles, which are of special interest due to their unique photochromic behavior. Cyclotrisazobenzenes2(R = H, Br,tBu) were prepared to probe how much strain the photoisomerization of the azobenzene motive can tolerate. The macrocycles were synthesized in an overall yield of 10–20 % fromortho‐phenylenediamine (6). Solid‐state structures of cyclotrisazobenzenes2aand2bwere obtained. Irradiation under various conditions did not induce any isomerization.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Fabrication of Nanoporous Copper Film for Electrochemical Detection of Glucose
Authors: Sattayasamitsathit Sirilak , Thavarungkul Panote , Thammakhet Chongdee , Limbut Warakorn , Numnuam Apon , Buranachai Chittanon , Kanatharana Proespichaya 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA nanoporous copper film was fabricated on a copper wire by electrodeposition of copper/zinc alloy and chemically etching of zinc. The surface morphology was investigated by SEM. When applied to detect glucose in an amperometric flow injection system the porous copper electrode provided 12 times higher sensitivity than solid copper. It could be continuously used up to 50 times (%RSD=5.7). Different preparations of the porous film provided reproducible responses (P<0.05). Detection of glucose in E. coli cultivation medium compared well with spectrophotometric technique (P<0.05). This simple technique can produce a nanoporous electrode with good performances and can easily be applied to other metals and analytes.
A parametric study of seismic behavior of roller seismic isolation bearings for highway bridges
Authors: Ou Yu‐Chen , Song Jianwei , Lee George C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA roller seismic isolation bearing is proposed for use in highway bridges. The bearing utilizes a rolling mechanism to achieve seismic isolation and has a zero post‐elastic stiffness under horizontal ground motions, a self‐centering capability, and unique friction devices for supplemental energy dissipation. The objectives of this research are to investigate the seismic behavior of the proposed bearing using parametric studies (1) with nonlinear response history analysis and (2) with equivalent linear analysis according to the AASHTO guide specifications, and by comparing the results from both analysis methods (3) to evaluate the accuracy of the AASHTO equivalent linear method for predicting the peak displacement of the proposed bearing during an earthquake. Twenty‐eight ground motions are used in the studies. The parameters examined are the sloping angle of the intermediate plate of the bearing, the amount of friction force for supplemental energy dissipation, and the peak ground acceleration levels of the ground motions. The peak displacement and base shear of the bearing are calculated. Results of the studies show that a larger sloping angle does not reduce the peak displacement for most of the parametric combinations without friction devices. However, for parametric combinations with friction devices, it allows for the use of a higher friction force, which effectively reduces the peak displacement, while keeping a self‐centering capability. The AASHTO equivalent linear method may underestimate the peak displacement by as much as 40%. Vertical ground motions have little effect on the peak displacement, but significantly increase the peak base shear. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adjoint‐based design of shock mitigation devices
Authors: Stück Arthur , Camelli Fernando F. , Löhner Rainald 
Published: September 2009

AbstractUnsteady Euler and adjoint Euler solvers have been combined in order to aid in the design of shock mitigation devices. The flowfield is integrated forward in time and stored. The adjoint is then integrated going backwards in time, restoring and interpolating the saved Euler solution to the current point in time. The gradient is obtained from a surface integral formulation during the adjoint run. Comparisons of adjoint‐based and finite‐differencing gradients for different verification cases show less than 10% deviation. The results obtained indicate that this is a very cost‐effective way to obtain the gradients of an objective function with respect to surface design changes. Moreover, as the sensitivity information is determined over a complete surface, the procedure provides considerable insight, and can efficiently facilitate the design of shock mitigation devices such as architecturally appealing blast walls. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disorder‐specific dysfunction in right inferior prefrontal cortex during two inhibition tasks in boys with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder compared to boys with obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Rubia Katya , Cubillo Ana , Smith Anna B. , Woolley James , Heyman Isobel , Brammer Michael J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground:Inhibitory dysfunction is a key behavioral and cognitive phenotype of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Both disorders show neuropsychological deficits and fronto‐striatal dysfunction during tasks of motor response inhibition and cognitive flexibility. This study investigates differences and commonalities in functional neural networks mediating inhibitory control between adolescents with ADHD and those with OCD to identify disorder‐specific neurofunctional markers that distinguish these two inhibitory disorders.Methods:Event‐related fMRI was used to compare brain activation between 20 healthy boys, 18 (Stop task) or 12 boys (Switch task) with ADHD, and 10 boys with OCD during a tracking Stop task that measures inhibition and stopping failure and during a visual–spatial switching task measuring cognitive flexibility.Results:Both patient groups shared brain dysfunction compared to healthy controls in right orbitofrontal (successful inhibition) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (failed inhibition). Right inferior prefrontal dysfunction, however, was disorder‐specific to ADHD during both tasks. Left inferior prefrontal dysfunction during the Switch task was significant in children with ADHD relative to controls, but only reached a trend in patients with OCD. Patients with ADHD furthermore showed disorder‐specific dysfunction in left basal ganglia and cingulate gyrus during the Switch task.Conclusions:Patients with ADHD compared to those with OCD have both common and distinct dysfunctions during inhibitory control. The most consistently reported functional abnormality in children with ADHD in right inferior prefrontal cortex during inhibitory control appears to be disorder‐specific when compared to patients with OCD and may be a specific neurofunctional biomarker of ADHD. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Iowa Gambling Task in fMRI images
Authors: Li Xiangrui , Lu Zhong‐Lin , D'Argembeau Arnaud , Ng Marie , Bechara Antoine 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is a sensitive test for the detection of decision‐making impairments in several neurological and psychiatric populations. Very few studies have employed the IGT in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations, in part, because the task is cognitively complex. Here we report a method for exploring brain activity using fMRI during performance of the IGT. Decision‐making during the IGT was associated with activity in several brain regions in a group of healthy individuals. The activated regions were consistent with the neural circuitry hypothesized to underlie somatic marker activation and decision‐making. Specifically, a neural circuitry involving the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (for working memory), the insula and posterior cingulate cortex (for representations of emotional states), the mesial orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (for coupling the two previous processes), the ventral striatum and anterior cingulate/SMA (supplementary motor area) for implementing behavioral decisions was engaged. These results have implications for using the IGT to study abnormal mechanisms of decision making in a variety of clinical populations. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resting state and task‐induced deactivation: A methodological comparison in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls
Authors: Mannell Maggie V. , Franco Alexandre R. , Calhoun Vince D. , Cañive Jose M. , Thoma Robert J. , Mayer Andrew R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractChanges in the default mode network (DMN) have been linked to multiple neurological disorders including schizophrenia. The anticorrelated relationship the DMN shares with task‐related networks permits the quantification of this network both during task (task‐induced deactivations: TID) and during periods of passive mental activity (extended rest). However, the effects of different methodologies (TID vs. extended rest) for quantifying the DMN in the same clinical population are currently not well understood. Moreover, several different analytic techniques, including independent component analyses (ICA) and seed‐based correlation analyses, exist for examining functional connectivity during extended resting states. The current study compared both methodologies and analytic techniques in a group of patients with schizophrenia (SP) and matched healthy controls. Results indicated that TID analyses, ICA, and seed‐based correlation all consistently identified the midline (anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus) and lateral parietal cortex as core regions of the DMN, as well as more variable involvement of temporal lobe structures. In addition, SP exhibited increased deactivation during task, as well as decreased functional connectivity with frontal regions and increased connectivity with posterior and subcortical areas during periods of extended rest. The increased posterior and reduced anterior connectivity may partially explain some of the cognitive dysfunction and clinical symptoms that are frequently associated with schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time imaging of the medullary circuitry involved in the generation of spontaneous muscle sympathetic nerve activity in awake subjects
Authors: Macefield Vaughan G. , Henderson Luke A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTo understand the central neural processes involved in blood pressure regulation we recorded muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) via a tungsten microelectrode in the common peroneal nerve while performing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brainstem at 3T. Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) changes in signal intensity were measured over 4 s every 8 s (200) volumes; MSNA was recorded during the previous 4 s epoch, which takes into account peripheral conduction delays along unmyelinated axons and neurovascular coupling delays. Analysis of temporal coupling between BOLD signal intensity and nerve signal intensity revealed sites in which the two signals covaried, but only in the medulla. Because scans were conducted in a caudorostral direction, we could constrain the analysis to the medulla by only examining the first 1 s of the fMRI and nerve signals. Increases in MSNA were associated with robust bilateral increases in signal intensity in the dorsolateral region of the medulla that corresponds to the human equivalent of the rostal ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Reciprocal decreases in signal intensity occurred in the regions of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM). Group analysis also revealed increases in signal intensity in the caudal pressor area (CPA), medullary raphé (MR), and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMX). We have shown for the first time that this combined approach of recording sympathetic neural activity and fMRI provides real‐time imaging of the neural processes responsible for the generation of sympathetic nerve activity in awake human subjects. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental hyperthyroidism in rats increases the expression of the ubiquitin ligases atrogin‐1 and MuRF1 and stimulates multiple proteolytic pathways in skeletal muscle
Authors: O'Neal Patrick , Alamdari Nima , Smith Ira , Poylin Vitaliy , Menconi Michael , Hasselgren Per‐Olof 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMuscle wasting is commonly seen in patients with hyperthyroidism and is mainly caused by stimulated muscle proteolysis. Loss of muscle mass in several catabolic conditions is associated with increased expression of the muscle‐specific ubiquitin ligases atrogin‐1 and MuRF1 but it is not known if atrogin‐1 and MuRF1 are upregulated in hyperthyroidism. In addition, it is not known if thyroid hormone increases the activity of proteolytic mechanisms other than the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. We tested the hypotheses that experimental hyperthyroidism in rats, induced by daily intraperitoneal injections of 100 µg/100 g body weight of triiodothyronine (T3), upregulates the expression of atrogin‐1 and MuRF1 in skeletal muscle and stimulates lysosomal, including cathepsin L, calpain‐, and caspase‐3‐dependent protein breakdown in addition to proteasome‐dependent protein breakdown. Treatment of rats with T3 for 3 days resulted in an approximately twofold increase in atrogin‐1 and MuRF1 mRNA levels. The same treatment increased proteasome‐, cathepsin L‐, and calpain‐dependent proteolytic rates by approximately 40% but did not influence caspase‐3‐dependent proteolysis. The expression of atrogin‐1 and MuRF1 remained elevated during a more prolonged period (7 days) of T3 treatment. The results provide support for a role of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway in muscle wasting during hyperthyroidism and suggest that other proteolytic pathways as well may be activated in the hyperthyroid state. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 963–973, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Purification and characterization of heparan sulfate from human primary osteoblasts
Authors: Murali Sadasivam , Manton Kerry J. , Tjong Vinalia , Su Xiaodi , Haupt Larisa M. , Cool Simon M. , Nurcombe Victor 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHeparan sulfate (HS) is a linear, highly variable, highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan sugar whose biological activity largely depends on internal sulfated domains that mediate specific binding to an extensive range of proteins. In this study we employed anion exchange chromatography, molecular sieving and enzymatic cleavage on HS fractions purified from three compartments of cultured osteoblasts—soluble conditioned media, cell surface, and extracellular matrix (ECM). We demonstrate that the composition of HS chains purified from the different compartments is structurally non‐identical by a number of parameters, and that these differences have significant ramifications for their ligand‐binding properties. The HS chains purified of conditioned medium had twice the binding affinity for FGF2 when compared with either cell surface or ECM HS. In contrast, similar binding of BMP2 to the three types of HS was observed. These results suggest that different biological compartments of cultured cells have structurally and functionally distinct HS species that help to modulate the flow of HS‐dependent factors between the ECM and the cell surface. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 1132–1142, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Similarity/dissimilarity studies of protein sequences based on a new 2D graphical representation
Authors: Yao Yu‐Hua , Dai Qi , Li Ling , Nan Xu‐Ying , He Ping‐An , Zhang Yao‐Zhou 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA (two‐dimensional) 2D graphical representation of protein sequences based on six physicochemical properties of amino acids is outlined. The numerical characterization of protein graphs is given as descriptors of protein sequences. It is not only useful for comparative study of proteins but also for encoding innate information about the structure of proteins. The coefficient of determination is proposed as a new similarity/dissimilarity measure. Finally, a simple example is taken to highlight the behavior of the new similarity/dissimilarity measure on protein sequences taken from the ND6 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6) proteins for eight different species. The results demonstrate the approach is convenient, fast, and efficient. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Controlled systemic release of interleukin‐12 after gene electrotransfer to muscle for cancer gene therapy alone or in combination with ionizing radiation in murine sarcomas
Authors: Tevz Gregor , Kranjc Simona , Cemazar Maja , Kamensek Urska , Coer Andrej , Krzan Mojca , Vidic Suzana , Pavlin Darja , Sersa Gregor 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to evaluate the antitumor effectiveness of systemic interleukin (IL)‐12 gene therapy in murine sarcoma models, and to evaluate its interaction with the irradiation of tumors and metastases. To avoid toxic side‐effects of IL‐12 gene therapy, the objective was to achieve the controlled release of IL‐12 after intramuscular gene electrotransfer.MethodsGene electrotransfer of the plasmid pORF‐mIL12 was performed into the tibialis cranialis in A/J and C57BL/6 mice. Systemic release of the IL‐12 was monitored in the serum of mice after carrying out two sets of intramuscular IL‐12 gene electrotransfer of two different doses of plasmid DNA. The antitumor effectiveness of IL‐12 gene electrotransfer alone or in combination with local tumor or lung irradiation with X‐rays, was evaluated on subcutaneous SA‐1 and LPB tumors, as well as on lung metastases.ResultsA synergistic antitumor effect of intramuscular gene electrotransfer combined with local tumor irradiation was observed as a result of the systemic distribution of IL‐12. The gene electrotransfer resulted in up to 28% of complete responses of tumors. In combination with local tumor irradiation, the curability was increased by up to 100%. The same effect was observed for lung metastases, where a potentiating factor of 1.3‐fold was determined. The amount of circulating IL‐12 was controlled by the number of repeats of gene electrotransfer and by the amount of the injected plasmid.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates the feasibility of treatment by IL‐12 gene electrotransfer combined with local tumor or lung metastases irradiation on sarcoma tumors for translation into the clinical setting. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An emerging research agenda for investigative interviewing: hypotheses from the narrative action system
Authors: Youngs Donna , Canter David 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe present issue of JIP‐OP brings together an intriguing range of papers that cover a wide range of aspects of testimony and aspects of investigative interviewing. They show how the considerations of how testimony is obtained is broadening out from the memory improvement strategies that once dominated this area with attempts to detect deception, to cover many aspects of how testimony is obtained. This draws attention to the need for more careful examination of the variations in testimony eliciting processes that will be responsive to differences in context and crime. A research agenda is therefore proposed that draws on developments in the understanding of psychological differences between crimes. This research would study the relationship between the psychological processes underpinning offence actions and the interview behaviour of suspects or witnesses. With regard to suspects, recent developments in the modelling of offence style have indicated a narrative basis (narrative action system model) for understanding the patterns of offence actions and the perpetrator's psychological background and characteristics that can be inferred from these. It is therefore suggested that the Hero's Quest, Professional's Adventure, Revenger's Tragedy, and Victim's Irony offending narratives and the Object, Vehicle, and Person victim roles assigned within these, may provide a fruitful link to different patterns of interview behaviour, with consequent implications for approaches to interviewing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patellar tendon orientation and patellar tracking in male and female knees
Authors: Varadarajan Kartik M. , Gill Thomas J. , Freiberg Andrew A. , Rubash Harry E. , Li Guoan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractKnowledge of patellofemoral joint biomechanics is important for understanding sex‐related dimorphism in patellofemoral pathologies and advancement of related treatments. We evaluated the hypotheses that sex differences exist in patellar tendon (PT) orientation and patellar tracking during weight‐bearing knee flexion and that they relate to differences in tibiofemoral rotation. The PT orientation and patellar tracking were measured in healthy subjects (18 male, 13 female) during weight‐bearing knee flexion, using magnetic resonance and dual fluoroscopic imaging. These data were analyzed for sex differences and correlation with previously reported tibiofemoral rotation data. The results indicated a significant effect of sex on PT orientation, particularly at low flexion angles. In females, the PT was oriented more anteriorly in the sagittal plane, more medially in the coronal plane, and showed greater external tilt in the transverse plane of the tibia (p < 0.05). Significant correlations between tibiofemoral rotation and PT orientation (p < 0.01) indicated that sex differences in coronal and transverse plane orientation of the PT relate to differences in tibiofemoral rotation. Patellar tracking did not show significant sex differences or correlation to tibiofemoral rotation. Further studies are warranted to determine implications for patellofemoral pathologies and treatments like total knee arthroplasty. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:322–328, 2010
Dermal fibroblast‐mediated BMP2 therapy to accelerate bone healing in an equine osteotomy model
Authors: Ishihara Akikazu , Zekas Lisa J. , Litsky Alan S. , Weisbrode Steven E. , Bertone Alicia L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study evaluated healing of equine metacarpal/metatarsal osteotomies in response to percutaneous injection of autologous dermal fibroblasts (DFbs) genetically engineered to secrete bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP2) or demonstrate green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene expression administered 14 days after surgery. Radiographic assessment of bone formation indicated greater and earlier healing of bone defects treated with DFb with BMP2 gene augmentation. Quantitative computed tomography and biomechanical testing revealed greater mineralized callus and torsional strength of DFb‐BMP2‐treated bone defects. On the histologic evaluation, the bone defects with DFb‐BMP2 implantation had greater formation of mature cartilage and bone nodules within the osteotomy gap and greater mineralization activity on osteotomy edges. Autologous DFbs were successfully isolated in high numbers by a skin biopsy, rapidly expanded without fastidious culture techniques, permissive to adenoviral vectors, and efficient at in vitro BMP2 protein production and BMP2‐induced osteogenic differentiation. This study demonstrated an efficacy and feasibility of DFb‐mediated BMP2 therapy to accelerate the healing of osteotomies. Skin cell‐mediated BMP2 therapy may be considered as a potential treatment for various types of fractures and bone defects. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:403–411, 2010