bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent patellar dislocation patients with high‐grade J‐sign have multiple structural bone abnormalities in the lower limbs
Authors: Wang Daofeng , Zhang Zhijun , Cao Yanwei , Song Guanyang , Zheng Tong , Di Menglinqian , Sun Jianzhong , Fu Qizhen , Wang Xuesong , Zhang Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo explore the relationship between preoperative J‐sign grading and structural bone abnormalities in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on RPD patients over 5 years. Patients were categorised based on J‐sign grade into low (J‐ and J1+), moderate (J2+) and high groups (J3+). Trochlear dysplasia (TD) and osseous structures (femoral anteversion angle [FAA], knee torsion, tibial tuberosity‐trochlear groove [TT‐TG] distance, Caton–Deschamps index) were assessed and grouped according to risk factor thresholds. The χ2 test was used to compare composition ratio differences of structural bone abnormalities among the groups.ResultsA total of 256 patients were included, with 206 (80.5%) females. The distribution of J‐sign grade was as follows: 89 knees (34.8%) of low grade, 86 moderate (33.6%) and 81 high (31.6%). Among the five structural bone abnormalities, TD was the most common with a prevalence of 78.5%, followed by increased TT‐TG at 47.4%. Excessive tibiofemoral rotation had the lowest occurrence at 28.9%. There were 173 (67.6%) patients who had two or more abnormalities, while 45 (17.6%) had four to five bony abnormalities. Among patients with any bony abnormality, the proportion of high‐grade J‐sign surpassed 40%. Patients with moderate and high‐grade J‐sign had more increased FAA and more pronounced patella alta (all p < 0.001). The proportion of excessive knee torsion and TD increased with increasing each J‐sign grade, with the more notable tendency in knee torsion (high vs. moderate vs. low‐grade: 61% vs. 22% vs 7%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the higher J‐sign grade was also associated with more combined bony abnormalities (p < 0.001). In the high‐grade J‐sign group, 90.2% of the knees had two or more bony risk factors and 40.7% had four or more, which were significantly higher than the moderate and low‐grade J‐sign groups (40.7% vs. 11.6% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.001).ConclusionIn patients with a high‐grade J‐sign, over 90% of the lower limbs had two or more structural bone risk factors, and more than 40% had four or more. These proportions were significantly higher compared to knees with low‐grade and moderate J‐sign. In clinical practice, when treating high‐grade patellar mal‐tracking, it is important to focus on and correct these strongly correlated abnormal bone structures.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
In‐Depth Analysis of the Complex Interactions Induced by Nanolayered Additives in PHBV Nanocomposites
Authors: Martínez‐Rubio Pablo‐Manuel , Avilés María‐Dolores , Pamies Ramón , Benítez‐Benítez Sergio‐José , Arribas Alejandro , Carrión‐Vilches Francisco‐José , Bermúdez María‐Dolores 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNew nanocomposites based on biopolymer poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) are processed via extrusion, using low content of calcined hydrotalcite (CHT) and cloisite 20A (C20A) as additives (3 wt%). The aim of this work is to characterize the thermal and viscoelastic response of the structures induced by the presence of the additives. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and laser profilometry are utilized to analyze the effect of the additives on the surface finish of extrusion filaments, detecting a smoother surface induced by additives. A lower degradation temperature is observed via thermogravimetry for composite containing CHT (PHBV+3%CHT), while such a phenomenon is not present in composite with C20A (PHBV+3%C20A). An increase in crystallinity due to the nucleating effect of additives is measured via differential scanning calorimetry. The intercalation of the biopolymer in the layered structure of the additives is observed via X‐ray diffraction, reflecting the effective interaction in the composite matrix. The viscoelastic behavior of the samples is evaluated by means of rheology and dynamic‐mechanical analysis, showing a non‐Newtonian behavior and an enhancement of the vitreous state response. All results converge to the conclusion that the incorporation of the additives induces the formation of long‐term structures that present variable sensitivity to temperature and frequency.
Localized Changes in Dentate Nucleus Shape and Magnetic Susceptibility in Friedreich Ataxia
Authors: Harding Ian H. , Nur Karim Muhammad Ikhsan , Selvadurai Louisa P. , Corben Louise A. , Delatycki Martin B. , Monti Serena , Saccà Francesco , Georgiou‐Karistianis Nellie , Cocozza Sirio , Egan Gary F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe dentate nuclei of the cerebellum are key sites of neuropathology in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). Reduced dentate nucleus volume and increased mean magnetic susceptibility, a proxy of iron concentration, have been reported by magnetic resonance imaging studies in people with FRDA. Here, we investigate whether these changes are regionally heterogeneous.MethodsQuantitative susceptibility mapping data were acquired from 49 people with FRDA and 46 healthy controls. The dentate nuclei were manually segmented and analyzed using three dimensional vertex‐based shape modeling and voxel‐based assessments to identify regional changes in morphometry and susceptibility, respectively.ResultsIndividuals with FRDA, relative to healthy controls, showed significant bilateral surface contraction most strongly at the rostral and caudal boundaries of the dentate nuclei. The magnitude of this surface contraction correlated with disease duration, and to a lesser extent, ataxia severity. Significantly greater susceptibility was also evident in the FRDA cohort relative to controls, but was instead localized to bilateral dorsomedial areas, and also correlated with disease duration and ataxia severity.ConclusionsChanges in the structure of the dentate nuclei in FRDA are not spatially uniform. Atrophy is greatest in areas with high gray matter density, whereas increases in susceptibility—reflecting iron concentration, demyelination, and/or gliosis—predominate in the medial white matter. These findings converge with established histological reports and indicate that regional measures of dentate nucleus substructure are more sensitive measures of disease expression than full‐structure averages. Biomarker development and therapeutic strategies that directly target the dentate nuclei, such as gene therapies, may be optimized by targeting these areas of maximal pathology. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Tolypocladium sinense Mycelium Polysaccharide Alleviates Obesity, Lipid Metabolism Disorder, and Inflammation Caused by High Fat Diet via Improving Intestinal Barrier and Modulating Gut Microbiota
Authors: Bai Mingjian , Wang Xiaolong , Liu Dongyang , Xu Aofeng , Cheng Hao , Li Lin , Zhang Chunjing 
Published: April 2024

ScopeTolypocladium sinense is a fungus isolated from Cordyceps. Cordyceps has some medicinal value and is also a daily health care product. This study explores the preventive effects of T. sinense mycelium polysaccharide (TSMP) on high‐fat diet‐induced obesity and chronic inflammation in mice.Methods and resultsHere, the study establishes an obese mouse model induced by high‐fat diet. In this study, the mice are administered TSMP daily basis to evaluate its effect on alleviating obesity. The results show that TSMP can significantly inhibit obesity and alleviate dyslipidemia by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism‐related genes such as liver kinase B1 (LKB1), phosphorylated AMP‐activated protein kinase (pAMPK), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA reductase (HMGCR) in the liver. TSMP can increase the protein expression of zona occludens‐1 (ZO‐1), Occludin, and Claudin‐1 in the colon, improve the intestinal barrier dysfunction, and reduce the level of serum LPS, thereby reducing the inflammatory response. 16S rDNA sequencing shows that TSMP alters the intestinal microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, while decreasing the relative abundance of Faecalibaculum.ConclusionThe findings show that TSMP can inhibit obesity and alleviates obesity‐related lipid metabolism disorders, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress by modulating the gut microbiota and improving intestinal barrier.
A Terahertz GaN solid‐state power amplifier on radial combining technique
Authors: Cheng Haifeng , Zhu Xiang , Du Jiayu , Wang Weibo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTerahertz (THz) bands are considered to have various anticipated applications. Output power is an important factor determining the operating distance of THz systems, but it is very challenging to achieve high output power under current solid‐state terahertz circuit technology. The paper first presents a four‐way G‐band radial combiner, which features high passive efficiency of 88% and compact size. Moreover, based on this radial combiner and in‐house fabricated gallium nitride chips, a solid‐state power amplifier prototype is further demonstrated. Measured results show that, the average saturated output power is 21.7 dBm across the 180–240 GHz band with a typical output power of 23.2 dBm at 189 GHz.
Retrospective correction of second‐order concomitant fields in 3D axial stack‐of‐spirals imaging on a high‐performance gradient system
Authors: Ajala Afis , Abad Nastaren , Foo Thomas K. F. , Lee Seung‐Kyun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeMRI using 3D stack‐of‐spirals (SoS) readout on a high‐performance gradient system is subject to strong second‐order, spatially varying concomitant fields, which can lead to signal dropout and blurring artifacts that become more significant at locations farther from the gradient isocenter. A method for compensating for second‐order concomitant fields in 3D axial SoS image reconstruction is described.MethodsWe retrospectively correct for second‐order concomitant field–induced phase error in the 3D SoS data by slice‐dependent k‐space phase compensation based on the nominal spiral readout trajectories. The effectiveness of the method was demonstrated in phantom and healthy volunteer scans in which 3D pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling imaging was performed with SoS fast spin‐echo readout at 3 T.ResultsSubstantial reduction in blurring was observed with the proposed method. In phantom scans, blurring was reduced by about 53% at 98 mm from the gradient isocenter. In the in vivo 3D pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling scans, differences of up to 10% were observed at 78 mm from the isocenter, especially around the white‐matter and gray‐matter interfaces, between the corrected and uncorrected proton density images, perfusion‐weighted images, and cerebral blood flow maps.ConclusionsThe described retrospective correction method provides a means to correct erroneous phase accruals due to second‐order concomitant fields in 3D axial stack‐of‐spirals imaging.
Effects of prospective motion correction on perivascular spaces at 7T MRI evaluated using motion artifact simulation
Authors: Zhao Bingbing , Zhou Yichen , Zong Xiaopeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThe effectiveness of prospective motion correction (PMC) is often evaluated by comparing artifacts in images acquired with and without PMC (NoPMC). However, such an approach is not applicable in clinical setting due to unavailability of NoPMC images. We aim to develop a simulation approach for demonstrating the ability of fat‐navigator‐based PMC in improving perivascular space (PVS) visibility in T2‐weighted MRI.MethodsMRI datasets from two earlier studies were used for motion artifact simulation and evaluating PMC, including T2‐weighted NoPMC and PMC images. To simulate motion artifacts, k‐space data at motion‐perturbed positions were calculated from artifact‐free images using nonuniform Fourier transform and misplaced onto the Cartesian grid before inverse Fourier transform. The simulation's ability to reproduce motion‐induced blurring, ringing, and ghosting artifacts was evaluated using sharpness at lateral ventricle/white matter boundary, ringing artifact magnitude in the Fourier spectrum, and background noise, respectively. PVS volume fraction in white matter was employed to reflect its visibility.ResultsIn simulation, sharpness, PVS volume fraction, and background noise exhibited significant negative correlations with motion score. Significant correlations were found in sharpness, ringing artifact magnitude, and PVS volume fraction between simulated and real NoPMC images (p ≤ 0.006). In contrast, such correlations were reduced and nonsignificant between simulated and real PMC images (p ≥ 0.48), suggesting reduction of motion effects with PMC.ConclusionsThe proposed simulation approach is an effective tool to study the effects of motion and PMC on PVS visibility. PMC may reduce the systematic bias of PVS volume fraction caused by motion artifacts.
Cooling the atmosphere
Authors: Wiescher Philipp , Wiescher Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis is a paper on experimental studies performed in the 1940s at the University of Notre Dame accelerator laboratory to investigate radiation effects on materials and also to probe the efficiency of atmospheric cooling of the fireball created by a nuclear fission device. This was a critical question to be addressed during the early phases in the development of the Manhattan project, which was again raised in the film Oppenheimer, posing the question whether “a bomb can set the atmosphere on fire.” This paper brings forth the formerly classified reaction studies performed at Notre Dame's Nuclear Science Laboratory to answer this question.
Ethnoecological perspectives on environmental stewardship: Tenets and basis of reciprocity in Gitxsan and nłeʔkepmx (Nlaka'pamux) Territories
Authors: Armstrong Chelsey Geralda , Grenz Jennifer , Zyp‐Loring Jennifer , LaFontaine Jade , Main Johnson Leslie , Turner Nancy J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLocal and Indigenous Peoples steward and protect a significant proportion of biologically diverse ecosystems globally. This fact is increasingly acknowledged by researchers and international organizations, offering both opportunities and challenges at the intersection of Indigenous and western knowledge production in the context of environmental management research and policy.Drawing on half a century of ethnoecological research and personal experiences in Gitxsan and nłeʔkepmx Territories in the Pacific Northwest of North America, this research considers the role of reciprocity as an inherent philosophy and tenet for successful environmental stewardship.Reciprocity is a legal responsibility and moral perspective that foregrounds many Indigenous worldviews. Such cultural drivers and obligations towards lands and biota appear to be unknown, marginalized or instrumentalized in mainstream and western science and policy.We conclude that fundamental elements of reciprocity may not be adequately blended or braided into western environmental management frameworks. As such, alternatives to blending include acknowledging sole proprietary and self‐determining rights for Indigenous Peoples to govern and steward lands outside of western infrastructures and value systems.This study raises critical questions about the feasibility of reconciling reciprocity with western environmental management practices and regulations. It explores the implications for Indigenous rights and sovereignty, and climate change mitigation. By addressing these complex issues, we contribute to ongoing discourse on the integration of Indigenous and western knowledge in environmental stewardship research, and the ethical, historical and cultural challenges that come with it.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Investigations on toughening and self‐healing performance of plain woven composites with mendable polymer stitches
Authors: Li Yaolei , Tie Ying , Li Cheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates toughening and self‐healing properties of plain woven composite structure with poly[ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid] (EMAA) stitches. Firstly, the cantilever beam specimens with different stitched spacing were performed to determine inter‐laminar fracture toughness. Subsequently, the finite element models of EMAA stitched cantilever beam was established to predict the toughening effects based on nonlinear spring and cohesive zone model (CZM). The force‐displacement responds of experimental and simulation results show excellent correlation. Finally, the toughening and healing mechanism of the stitched plain woven structure were explored. Compared with the original specimen, the EMAA stitched structure shows an excellent toughening ability. After heating, the damaged structure was healed through pressure deliver mechanism to restore the interlaminar fracture toughness of the composite.Highlights
Thermoplastic EMAA filaments with self‐healing properties were sewn into the woven composite.
The EMAA stitched woven composite structure exhibits excellent interlaminar toughening and healing properties.
Finite element model combined non‐linear spring and CZM was established to predict the toughening effects.
The toughening and self‐healing mechanisms of EMAA stitched plain woven structure were revealed in detail.
Parametric appraisal and wear prediction of hybrid composites using an integrated soft computing approach
Authors: Mahapatra Sourav Kumar , Satapathy Alok 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article reports on the implementation of artificial neural network (ANN) and statistical methods to analyze and predict the erosion performance of titania (TiO2) filled ramie‐epoxy based composites. These hybrid composites are prepared by conventional hand lay‐up route and subjected to solid particle erosion tests as per Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array. The effects of different control factors on erosion rate of these composites are studied using Taguchi method. It reveals that impact velocity and filler content have significant effect on the erosion wear rate followed by other least significant factors. The individual effect of each control factor while keeping other factors constant is ascertained by performing steady state erosion experiments. Further, a computational model based on ANN is used as a tool to effectively predict the erosion rates of the composites. The results show that the predicted values are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental ones with an accuracy of 90% and relative error lying within a range of 1%–10%. Further, the trained ANN model is validated by considering the erosion rates obtained during steady state erosion process as the input parameter. The possible mechanisms causing the wear loss are identified using electron microscopy.Highlights
Successful fabrication of titanium oxide reinforced hybrid composites.
Steady state erosion experiments are performed.
Erosion rates are predicted using ANN and compared with the experimental data.
Wear loss mechanisms are identified using electron microscopy.
Exploratory analysis of the accuracy of echocardiographic parameters for the assessment of right ventricular function and right ventricular–pulmonary artery coupling
Authors: Shima Hideki , Tsujino Ichizo , Nakamura Junichi , Nakaya Toshitaka , Sugimoto Ayako , Sato Takahiro , Watanabe Taku , Ohira Hiroshi , Suzuki Masaru , Tsuneta Satonori , Chiba Yasuyuki , Murayama Michito , Yokota Isao , Konno Satoshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEchocardiography is a widely used modality for the assessment of right ventricular (RV) function; however, few studies have comprehensively compared the accuracy of echocardiographic parameters using invasively obtained reference values. Therefore, this exploratory study aimed to compare the accuracy of echocardiographic parameters of RV function and RV–pulmonary artery (PA) coupling. We calculated four indices of RV function (end‐systolic elastance [Ees] for systolic function [contractility], τ for relaxation, and β and end‐diastolic elastance [Eed] for stiffness), and an index of RV–PA coupling (Ees/arterial elastance [Ea]), using pressure catheterization, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and a single‐beat method. We then compared the correlations of RV indices with echocardiographic parameters. In 63 participants (54 with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and nine without PH), Ees and τ correlated with several echocardiographic parameters, such as RV diameter and area, but the correlations were moderate (|correlation coefficients (ρ)| < 0.5 for all parameters). The correlations of β and Eed with echocardiographic parameters were weak, with |ρ| < 0.4. In contrast, Ees/Ea closely correlated with RV free wall longitudinal strain (RVFW‐LS)/estimated systolic PA pressure (eSPAP) (ρ = −0.72). Ees/Ea also correlated with tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion/eSPAP, RV diameter, and RV end‐systolic area, with |ρ | >0.65. In addition, RVFW‐LS/eSPAP yielded high sensitivity (0.84) and specificity (0.75) for detecting reduced Ees/Ea. The present study indicated a limited accuracy of echocardiographic parameters in assessing RV systolic and diastolic function. In contrast to RV function, they showed high accuracy for assessing RV–PA coupling, with RVFW‐LS/eSPAP exhibiting the highest accuracy.
Alkali Metal–Substitution–Induced Confinement Effect for Designing High Phase–Transition–Temperature Molecular–Based Compounds Exhibiting Strong Photoluminescence
Authors: Li Zimu , Chen Haoran , Cao Qingling , Shi Caihong , Zhu Jieyu , Zhong Wenhe , Tong Liang , Jia Qiangqiang , Zhao Jiajia , Chen Lizhuang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid phase–transition molecular materials have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent properties of combining inorganic and organic components. However, few research has been conducted on rare‐earth–based bimetallic organic–inorganic hybrids. Here, we successfully constructed a series of rare–earth–based organic–inorganic hybrid multifunctional materials, (C6H14N2)2EuX(NO3)6O2 (X=Na, K, Rb), with reversible phase transition, switchable dielectric, photoluminescence and semiconductor properties. Specifically, the phase‐transition temperature of three compounds are determined to be 364, 405 and 440 K, respectively. By the confinement effect caused by the variation of alkali metal elements in the two–dimensional structure, the phase transition temperature is successfully increased by 76 K. Meanwhile, the solid–state photoluminescence of three compounds displays bright red light at room temperature. Additionally, the bandgaps of three compounds are determined to be 3.21, 3.53 and 3.32 eV, respectively. It is expected that the strategy of alkali metal substitution proposed in this work will provide new thoughts for the design of multifunctional organic‐inorganic hybrid crystals.