bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On one-sided primitivity of Banach algebras
Authors: Crabb M. J. , Duncan J. , McGregor C. M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLet S be the semigroup with identity, generated by x and y, subject to y being invertible and yx = xy2. We study two Banach algebra completions of the semigroup algebra ℂS. Both completions are shown to be left-primitive and have separating families of irreducible infinite-dimensional right modules. As an appendix, we offer an alternative proof that ℂS is left-primitive but not right-primitive. We show further that, in contrast to the completions, every irreducible right module for ℂS is finite dimensional and hence that ℂS has a separating family of such modules.
RECONSTRUCTING THE HOUSEHOLD: THE NORTHERN CAPE COLONY BEFORE AND AFTER THE SOUTH AFRICAN WAR
Authors: DOOLING WAYNE 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTA major component of the South African War, the imperialist conflict that gave birth to modern South Africa, was the violence that occurred between white settlers and indigenous black populations. This article seeks to understand the particular nature of this violence in the northern districts of the Cape Colony. The war intruded into a region in which memories of conquest were alive, and where recently established settler authority was extremely fragile. Here, the war has to be seen as the final chapter in the closing of a nineteenth-century colonial frontier. The conflict was one between masters and servants in a region where capitalist relations of production had yet to take hold. Conflict continued in the years immediately after the war, and an essential task of the post-war state was to calm disgruntled black subjects.
The Signaling Hypothesis Revisited: Evidence from Foreign IPOs
Authors: Francis Bill B. , Hasan Iftekhar , Lothian James R. , Sun Xian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWhile the signaling hypothesis has played a prominent role as the economic rationale associated with the initial public offering (IPO) underpricing puzzle (Welch (1989)), the empirical evidence on it has been mixed at best (Jegadeesh, Weinstein, and Welch (1993), Michaely and Shaw (1994)). This paper revisits the issue from the vantage point of close to two decades of additional experience by examining a sample of foreign IPOs—firms from both financially integrated and segmented markets—in U.S. markets. The evidence indicates that signaling does matter in determining IPO underpricing, especially for firms domiciled in countries with segmented markets, which as a result face higher information asymmetry and lack access to external capital markets. We find a significant positive and robust relationship between the degree of IPO underpricing and segmented-market firms’ seasoned equity offering (SEO) activities. For firms from integrated markets, in contrast, the analyst-coverage purchase hypothesis appears to matter more in explaining IPO underpricing, and the aftermarket price appreciation explains these firms’ SEO activities. The evidence, therefore, clearly supports the notion that some firms are willing to leave money on the table voluntarily to get a more favorable price at seasoned offerings when they are substantially wealth constrained, a prediction embedded in the signaling hypothesis.
Energy coupling among the degrees of freedom in an electron–positron plasma
Authors: ZHANG WENMIN , YU M. Y. , KARIMOV A. R. , STENFLO L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNonlinear coupling of the motion in the three spatial degrees of freedom of a cold fluid electron–positron plasma is investigated. Exact solutions describing expanding flows with oscillations are obtained. It is found that the energy in the irrotational flow component is in general transferred to the rotational components, but not in the reversed direction. Furthermore, since the density evolution need not be related to all the three flow components, oscillations in one or two of the flow fields can be purely electromagnetic and are not accompanied by density oscillations.
The Institutional Base of the Stockholm School: The Political Economy Club (1917–1951)
Authors: Henriksson Rolf G.H. 
Published: January 2010

On October 1, 1936 the Stockholm economists hosted a very distinguished guest, John Maynard Keynes. Homeward bound from a visit to the Soviet Union, Keynes appeared at the Political Economy Club. The minutes, as recorded by Ingvar Svennilson, relate:1.At the invitation of the club, Mr. J.M. Keynes lectured at the Institute of Social Science on the subject “My grounds for departure from orthodox economic traditions.” The lecture was arranged with support from J.H. Palme's fund for economic education and economic research. Some 100 persons attended the lecture.2.Following the lecture, the club arranged a dinner at the student union building. In addition to Mr. and Mrs. Keynes, the dinner was attended by: the chairman Professor Ohlin, Miss Kock, Messrs. Björ, Böök, Cederwall, Dahlgren, Hammarskjöld, Helger, Johansson, Lagercrantz (guest), Lundberg, Myrdal, Rothlieb, Rooth, Suoviranta (Finland, guest) and Wigforss, as well as the undersigned. After dinner there was a discussion that continued until midnight.
On Composition of Demand and Income Distribution In Classical Economics
Authors: Hollander Samuel 
Published: January 2010

In several reviews of my Classical Economics (1987; henceforth CE) a criticism recurs relating to my proposition that distribution in Ricardian economics is dependent upon the pattern of final demand. Anthony Brewer, who is convinced by the demonstration in the book of ‘a fundamentally important core of general equilibrium economics accounting for resource allocation in terms of the rationing function of relative prices,’ has stated the objection fairly and his formulation invites and deserves a response:[Hollander] does overstate his case at times. For example, he claims that, in Ricardo's theory, changes in the pattern of demand should react on the demand for labour, and thus on wages, while admitting that ‘Ricardo himself never formally made’ this extension [CE, p. 104]. He later uses exactly this interaction of demand and wages to support his interpretation of Ricardo against Dobb [CE, p. 360]. Surely, the fact that Ricardo did not ‘formally make’ this point (i.e., did not make it at all) is an argument against Hollander's reading, not for it (1988, p. 555).
Vitamins A, E and fatty acid composition of the eggs of caged hens and pastured hens
Authors: Karsten H.D. , Patterson P.H. , Stout R. , Crews G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn the US farmers often market pastured poultry eggs for a premium price, claiming animal and human health benefits. We examined how moving pastured hens to forage legumes or mixed grasses influenced hen (Gallus gallusL.) egg omega-3 fatty acids and concentrations of vitamins A and E. We also compared the eggs of the pastured hens to those of hens fed a commercial diet in cages. We used a cross-over design to compare pasture species: 75 sister hens were assigned to one of three pasture treatment groups: (1) alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.), (2) red and white clover (Trifolium pretenseL. andTrifolium repensL.) or (3) mixed cool season grasses. Groups were rotated to all three pasture treatments, each for 2 weeks and supplemented with 70 g commercial hen mash bird−1day−1. Pasture botanical composition, forage mass, leaf to total ratio and plant fatty acid composition were compared among pasture treatments. Eggs of the pastured hens were compared to eggs of 50 sister hens that were fed only commercial hen mash in cages for the entire 6 weeks. Forage parameters varied somewhat, but did not explain plant linolenic acid variation. Seventeen of the 18 quantified egg fatty acids, and vitamin A concentrations did not (P<0.05) differ among the three pasture treatment groups. Eggs of the hens that foraged grasses had 23% more (P<0.0001) vitamin E than eggs of hens that foraged clover. Compared to eggs of the caged hens, pastured hens' eggs had twice as much vitamin E and long-chain omega-3 fats, 2.5-fold more total omega-3 fatty acids, and less than half the ratio of omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids (P<0.0001). Vitamin A concentration was 38% higher (P<0.05) in the pastured hens' eggs than in the caged hens' eggs, but total vitamin A per egg did not differ. At the end of the experiment, pastured hens weighed 14% less and averaged 15% lower hen-day egg production than caged birds (P<0.0001). Results suggest that grass pastures may enhance vitamin E in eggs of pastured hens more than clover, and pastured hens supplemented with commercial mash will produce eggs with significantly more vitamin E and total omega-3 fatty acids compared to eggs from caged hens fed only commercial hen mash. Pastured hens may have lower body weight and egg production than caged hens, unless they are supplemented adequately to meet their dietary energy and crude protein needs.
Constitutional revolutions: Israel as a case-study
Authors: Sapir Gideon 
Published: January 2010

From its foundation in 1948 and until the 1990s, the State of Israel lacked a formal Bill of Rights. Although the Declaration of Independence had promised a constitution, a series of obstacles prevented its adoption. In the intervening years, several attempts to anchor a Bill of Rights in a Basic Law met with failure.In 1992, the Knesset adopted two Basic Laws dealing with human rights. The Supreme Court used these laws as a platform for creating a full-fledged Bill of Rights, and Israeli scholars helped to expedite this process. And yet, despite extensive academic discussion of these developments, the dearth of legal literature remains conspicuous on one question: How did it happen? How is it that after forty-four years of failures and parliamentary paralysis, the Knesset suddenly voted in favour of anchoring a Bill of Rights in Basic Laws?In this article, I examine four possible explanations. The first attributes these developments to the successful exploitation of a constitutional moment that reflected a severe erosion of public trust in politics. The second pins success on the tactics adopted by the proponents of the law. Instead of insisting on the adoption of a complete Bill of Rights, they split it into small sections and worked to enact only the consensual ones. According to the third thesis, the adoption of these laws was enabled by their proponents’ failure to expose the full import of this move, thereby lulling their traditional opponents into a false sense of security. According to the fourth explanation, success resulted from two major shifts in Israeli politics. The first was the Labor Party’s loss of hegemony and the ensuing uncertainty regarding the identity of future coalitions, and the second was the strengthening of sectorial elements that threatened the dominance of the secular bourgeoisie. The first shift weakened the coalition’s inherent resistance to the constitutionalization of the political system, and the second neutralized the institutional interest of Knesset members representing the old elites against the constitutional project.Finally, my conclusion points out that these explanations are not mutually exclusive, and all the elements they consider joined together to bring about the ‘constitutional revolution’, as it came to be known.
Managing the Miombo Woodlands of Southern Africa: Policies, Incentives and Options for the Rural Poor
Authors: Dewees Peter A. , Campbell Bruce M. , Katerere Yemi , Sitoe Almeida , Cunningham Anthony B. , Angelsen Arild , Wunder Sven 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT
Miombo woodlands cover vast areas of southern Africa. Of comparatively little interest for export-oriented commercial logging, they are part of a complex system of rural land use that integrates woodland management with crops and livestock. There is also evidence that woodland resources are extensively used for household consumption, greatly reducing the risk of households falling deeper into poverty as a result of environmental or economic stress. New opportunities for improving the management of miombo woodlands, with poverty mitigation in mind, suggest four policy options. First, communities are becoming more active in managing local natural resources, a result of decentralization and land reforms, which suggests that there may be good scope for strengthening related policy and legal frameworks and the measures to implement them. Second, new and integrated conservation-development approaches are emerging, which suggests possible scope for providing payments for environmental services to increase the value of managed woodlands. Third, markets throughout the region are developing and expanding, which suggests great scope for enhancing forest-based markets by removing restrictive legislation and by supporting local producers and forest enterprises. Fourth, all these opportunities suggest that public forest institutions can be revitalized by strengthening their service delivery orientations, with poverty mitigation as a main objective.
Spatial and seasonal variability in cetacean distribution in the fjords of northern Patagonia, Chile
Authors: Viddi Francisco A. , Hucke-Gaete Rodrigo , Torres-Florez Juan P. , Ribeiro Sandra 
Published: January 2010

AbstractViddi, F. A., Hucke-Gaete, R., Torres-Florez, J. P., and Ribeiro, S. 2010. Spatial and seasonal variability in cetacean distribution in the fjords of northern Patagonia, Chile. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 959–970. Compared with other Chilean coastal areas, little is known about the diversity and distribution of cetaceans in northern Patagonian fjords. Between December 2000 and November 2001, surveys on platforms of opportunity were undertaken in southern Chile to evaluate species richness and the spatial and seasonal distribution of cetaceans. Nine species were recorded, blue, humpback, and minke whales, Peale's dolphin, Chilean dolphin, killer whale, false killer whale, bottlenose dolphin, and Cuvier's beaked whale. The pattern of cetacean distribution displayed significant seasonal differences, with most baleen whales (mysticetes) observed during late summer and autumn, and toothed cetaceans (odontocetes) mostly during spring. Generalized additive models, used to assess the spatial distribution of cetaceans, showed that mysticetes were distributed disproportionately along a north–south gradient, in open gulfs with oceanic influence, and close to shore. In contrast, odontocetes were observed mainly within narrow channels, areas with complex coastal morphology, peaking at different water depths. These findings, although from a single year of data, increase our understanding of habitat determinants of cetacean distribution in southern Chile. The results have the potential to be applied to coastal conservation and management in the region.
Recent advances in the understanding of iron overload in sideroblastic myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Cuijpers Maria L. H. , Raymakers Reinier A. P. , MacKenzie Marius A. , De Witte Theo J. M. , Swinkels Dorine W. 
Published: January 2010

SummaryMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal haematopoietic stem cell malignancies. A subgroup, the so‐called sideroblastic MDS, shows ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow aspirate that represent mitochondrial iron accumulation. Patients with sideroblastic MDS also develop systemic iron overload and generally have a low‐risk MDS. Therefore it is important to understand the mechanisms responsible for iron accumulation and the associated toxicity in these patients. Recently, low levels of the iron‐regulatory peptide hepcidin were found to contribute to body iron overload in β‐thalassaemia patients. A similar mechanism may account for systemic iron accumulation in sideroblastic MDS. Mitochondrial iron accumulation is observed in several subtypes of MDS, and predominantly in refractory anaemia with ring sideroblasts. The presence of ring sideroblasts is also the diagnostic hallmark in patients with inherited forms of sideroblastic anaemia. The ever‐increasing insights into the affected pathways in inherited sideroblastic anaemia may lead to a better comprehension of the pathogenesis of mitochondrial iron accumulation in MDS patients. Overall, an improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for iron overload in MDS will lead to novel treatment strategies to reduce both systemic and mitochondrial iron overload, resulting in less tissue damage and more effective erythropoiesis.
The impact of donor type and ABO incompatibility on transfusion requirements after nonmyeloablative haematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Wang Zejing , Sorror Mohamed L. , Leisenring Wendy , Schoch Gary , Maloney David G. , Sandmaier Brenda M. , Storb Rainer 
Published: January 2010

SummaryWe retrospectively analyzed transfusion requirements within the first 100 d among allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients with haematological malignancies given either myeloablative (n = 1353) or nonmyeloablative conditioning (n = 503). We confirmed that myeloablative recipients required more platelet and red blood cell (RBC) transfusions than nonmyeloablative recipients (P < 0·0001 for both). Myeloablative patients given peripheral blood stem cells required less platelet transfusions (P < 0·0001) than those given marrow while RBC transfusion requirements did not differ significantly. Subsequent analyses were restricted to nonmyeloablative recipients. Platelet and RBC transfusions were less frequent among related compared to unrelated recipients (P < 0·0001 for both), with comparable median numbers of transfused units. Major/bidirectionally ABO‐mismatched recipients required more RBC transfusions than ABO‐matched recipients (P = 0·006). Rates of graft rejection/failure, grades II–IV acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host‐disease (GVHD), 2‐year relapse, 3‐year survivals and non‐relapse mortality were comparable among ABO‐matched, minor‐mismatched, and major/bidirectionally mismatched recipients (P = 0·93, 0·72, 0·57, 0·36, 0·17 and 0·79, respectively). Times to disappearance of anti‐donor IgG and IgM isohemagglutinins among major/bidirectionally ABO‐mismatched recipients were affected by magnitude of pre‐HCT titres (P < 0·001 for both) but not GVHD (P = 0·71 and 0·78, respectively). In conclusion, nonmyeloablative recipients required fewer platelet and RBC transfusions and among them, both unrelated and major/bidirectionally ABO‐mismatched recipients required more RBC transfusions. ABO incompatibility did not affect nonmyeloablative HCT outcomes.
Moveout approximation for horizontal transversely isotropic and vertical transversely isotropic layered medium. Part II: effective model‡
Authors: Koren Zvi , Ravve Igor , Levy Ronit 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTWe use residual moveouts measured along continuous full azimuth reflection angle gathers, in order to obtain effective horizontal transversely isotropic model parameters. The angle gathers are generated through a special angle domain imaging system, for a wide range of reflection angles and full range of phase velocity azimuths. The estimation of the effective model parameters is performed in two stages. First, the background horizontal transversely isotropic (HTI)/vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) layered model is used, along with the values of reflection angles, for converting the measured residual moveouts (or traveltime errors) into azimuthally dependent normal moveout (NMO) velocities. Then we apply a digital Fourier transform to convert the NMO velocities into azimuthal wavenumber domain, in order to obtain the effective HTI model parameters: vertical time, vertical compression velocity, Thomsen parameter delta and the azimuth of the medium axis of symmetry. The method also provides a reliability criterion of the HTI assumption. The criterion shows whether the medium possesses the HTI type of symmetry, or whether the azimuthal dependence of the residual traveltime indicates to a more complex azimuthal anisotropy. The effective model used in this approach is defined for a 1D structure with a set of HTI, VTI and isotropic layers (with at least one HTI layer). We describe and analyse the reduction of a multi‐layer structure into an equivalent effective HTI model. The equivalent model yields the same NMO velocity and the same offset azimuth on the Earth's surface as the original layered structure, for any azimuth of the phase velocity. The effective model approximates the kinematics of an HTI/VTI layered structure using only a few parameters. Under the hyperbolic approximation, the proposed effective model is exact.
The practice of nurses working with older people in long term care: an Australian perspective
Authors: Hunter Sharyn , Levett‐Jones Tracy 
Published: January 2010

Aims and objectives.  To provide a contemporary description of the practice of nurses caring for older people in long term care.Background.  The increasing size and morbidity of the population of older persons is driving the requirement for nurses who work in long term care to have appropriate educational qualifications and expertise.Design.  A mixed method research design was used in this study.Method.  The perceptions from clinical registered nurses (n = 48) and nurse managers (n = 16), working in six long term aged care facilities were elicited. Data were collected via purposive questionnaires, document analysis and semi‐structured interviews.Results.  There was considerable agreement among the data and from the two groups of nurses about registered nurses’ practice. The most frequently performed nursing activities revealed in the questionnaire were ‘Organising their own workload’ and ‘Devising an individualised plan of care’ whilst the lowest were ‘Developing policies in response to changes in legislation or clinical practice’ and ‘Introducing appropriate research findings into practice’. Categories from the interviews included, ‘It is a team effort’, ‘We manage’ and ‘Clinical skills and responsibilities’. Overall the data revealed a picture of nurses managing the care of older persons in a specialised context.Conclusion.  The findings confirm that the practice of nurses working with older persons in long term care has expanded to the role of specialised care facilitator. Registered nurses’ practice in this study is consistent with current descriptions of gerontological nursing. However, some elements of practice require further development: person‐centred care and evidence‐based practice.Relevance to clinical practice.  It remains a challenge for registered nurses working with older people to deliver person‐centred care and to engage with evidence and integrate evidence into policy and practice. Strategies are required for registered nurses to develop these elements of practice.