bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microarray analysis of spaceflown murine thymus tissue reveals changes in gene expression regulating stress and glucocorticoid receptors
Authors: Lebsack Ty W. , Fa Vuna , Woods Chris C. , Gruener Raphael , Manziello Ann M. , Pecaut Michael J. , Gridley Daila S. , Stodieck Louis S. , Ferguson Virginia L. , DeLuca Dominick 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe detrimental effects of spaceflight and simulated microgravity on the immune system have been extensively documented. We report here microarray gene expression analysis, in concert with quantitative RT‐PCR, in young adult C57BL/6NTac mice at 8 weeks of age after exposure to spaceflight aboard the space shuttle (STS‐118) for a period of 13 days. Upon conclusion of the mission, thymus lobes were extracted from space flown mice (FLT) as well as age‐ and sex‐matched ground control mice similarly housed in animal enclosure modules (AEM). mRNA was extracted and an automated array analysis for gene expression was performed. Examination of the microarray data revealed 970 individual probes that had a 1.5‐fold or greater change. When these data were averaged (n = 4), we identified 12 genes that were significantly up‐ or down‐regulated by at least 1.5‐fold after spaceflight (P ≤ 0.05). The genes that significantly differed from the AEM controls and that were also confirmed via QRT‐PCR were as follows: Rbm3 (up‐regulated) and Hsph110, Hsp90aa1, Cxcl10, Stip1, Fkbp4 (down‐regulated). QRT‐PCR confirmed the microarray results and demonstrated additional gene expression alteration in other T cell related genes, including: Ctla‐4, IFN‐α2a (up‐regulated) and CD44 (down‐regulated). Together, these data demonstrate that spaceflight induces significant changes in the thymic mRNA expression of genes that regulate stress, glucocorticoid receptor metabolism, and T cell signaling activity. These data explain, in part, the reported systemic compromise of the immune system after exposure to the microgravity of space. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 372–381, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the morphology of the limbs of juvenile and adult horses (Equus caballus) and their implications on the locomotor biomechanics
Authors: Grossi Bruno , Canals Mauricio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe analyzed the morphology and the walk–trot and trot–gallop transition velocities of nine juvenile horses and compared them with their mothers. We also compared the relative stride length and the duty factor of the juveniles with respect to adults at three equivalent trotting speeds (Froude numbers 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0), to determine dynamic similarity. Juveniles had a negative allometry in their leg bones, mainly because of little size changes of the distal portions. The negative allometry of extremities allows juveniles to increase stride length without increasing step frequency, which can be biomechanically advantageous. The Froude number during the walk–trot velocity transition of juveniles was similar to that of adult horses, but walk–trot transition velocity in juveniles was greater than expected for their mass. However, during the change trot–gallop, the trot–gallop velocity transition was conserved, but the Froude number was lower. Thus, juvenile horses did not move in a manner that was dynamically similar to the adult horses. At low speed (walk–trot), the gait approaches the behavior predicted by the inverted pendulum model, but at high speed (trot–gallop) dominates the inertial forces. The trot–gallop gait change would be conducted at speeds that would minimize energy costs of transport owing to collisions and changes in the trajectory of the center of mass.J. Exp. Zool. 313A:292–300, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strategy of treatment for hepatocellular Carcinomas with vascular infiltration in patients undergoing hepatectomy
Authors: Nanashima Atsushi , Tobinaga Syuuichi , Kunizaki Masaki , Miuma Satoshi , Taura Naota , Takeshita Hiroaki , Hidaka Shigekazu , Sawai Terumitsu , Nakao Kazuhiko , Nagayasu Takeshi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesVascular infiltration (VI) is an important prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and predictive parameters are necessary to preoperatively decide treatment strategies in patients with HCC.MethodsRelationships between presence and degree of VI in the portal and hepatic veins and bile duct, and post‐hepatectomy survival were examined in 271 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy.ResultsVI was observed in 81 patients (30%). Disease‐free and overall survival rates was significantly lower in patients with VI than in patients without VI, and became poorer according to the degree of infiltration (P < 0.01). Multiple, increased size, non‐meeting of Milan criteria, irregular macroscopic findings and increased PIVKA‐II levels were associated with degree of VI in portal vein (P < 0.01). Increased size and increased PIVKA‐II level were associated with degree of VI in hepatic vein (P < 0.05). Non‐meeting of Milan criteria was associated with degree of infiltration in bile duct (P = 0.034). Survival was significantly better following anatomical resection than with non‐anatomical resection and, furthermore, survival was better with surgical margins >5 mm than with shorter margins in patients who underwent non‐anatomical resection.ConclusionAdequate extent of operative procedures, but not limited resection with short margins, is useful when predictive parameters associated with VI are observed. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:557–563. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laryngeal mucosa: Its susceptibility to damage by acid and pepsin
Authors: Bulmer David M. , Ali Mahmoud S. , Brownlee Iain A. , Dettmar Peter W. , Pearson Jeffrey P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis.Exposure of pig laryngeal mucosa to pepsin and acid will have a differential damaging effect depending on the anatomical site, mirroring the effects seen in the human larynx in laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). This study aims to quantitate damage caused to laryngeal tissue by acid alone, and acid and pepsin, and also to determine if the extent of this damage depends on the tissue site.Study Design.Prospective translational research study.Methods.An excised porcine laryngeal damage model in a small Ussing chamber was used to measure the effect of pepsin and acid on five sites (ventricles, vocal folds, posterior commissure, supraglottic, and subglottic mucosa). The tissue samples were incubated on the lumenal side for 1 hour with pH 2 and 4 HCl, pH 2 plus 1 mg/mL pepsin, and pH 4 plus 1 mg/mL pepsin. Damage was assessed by changes in absorbance of the bathing solution at optical density (OD) 260 nm and OD 280 nm and by measurement of released DNA compared to tissues bathed in pH 7.4 buffer. Damage was also assessed histologically.Results.Based on histology, all the tissues were resistant to pH 4.0 except the subglottic mucosa. Only the posterior commissure was not damaged by pH 2.0 plus pepsin. Similar patterns were observed with absorbance changes and DNA release.Conclusions.The subglottic mucosa was the most susceptible to damage and the posterior commissure the least. Laryngeal tissues are essentially resistant to damage at pH 4.0, but are damaged when pepsin is present. This suggests that in LPR, pH 4.0 or above refluxate would only be damaging if it contains pepsin. Laryngoscope, 2010
Management of patients with acoustic neuromas: A Markov decision analysis
Authors: Morrison Daniel 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The management of patients with small (<1.5 cm) acoustic neuromas is controversial. Immediate treatment via microsurgical resection or radiosurgery is often advocated. A period of observation is sometimes advised followed by microsurgery or radiosurgery for tumors that demonstrate growth during the observation period. The purpose of this study is to calculate quality‐adjusted life expectancy for the most commonly applied management strategies in hypothetical cohorts of patients of various ages.Study Design:Markov decision analysis; societal perspective.Methods:Assumptions used in creating this model and event probabilities were obtained from a thorough literature review. Key parameters were identified and defined by the best available evidence. The main outcome measure is the benefit derived from each management strategy in quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). Sensitivity analysis was used to define benchmark performance information for these parameters.Results:The benefit of a period of observation followed by radiosurgery, if needed, for significant tumor growth is greater then all other strategies for all age groups and both sexes. When compared to observation followed by microsurgery, the additional benefit is small. QALY totals for the two immediate treatment groups were significantly lower than that for the observation groups.Conclusions:For patients of all ages, a period of observation during which tumor growth and hearing thresholds are closely monitored is the superior strategy. For tumors that grow substantially or when hearing deteriorates, definitive management via radiosurgery is recommended. Laryngoscope, 2010
Quality of life following nasal surgery
Authors: Croy Ilona , Hummel Thomas , Pade Angelika , Pade Jürgen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:This prospective study aimed to investigate changes in quality of life (QOL) after nasal surgery.Study Design:Prospective study.Methods:A total of 788 patients (492 men and 296 women; age range, 9–81 years; mean age, 41 years) were included in this prospective study. Three hundred thirty‐six patients received sinus surgery, 358 received septum surgery, and 94 additional patients received sinus surgery involving the septum. QOL was assessed with a standardized questionnaire for general health and well‐being (36‐Item Short Form Health Survey [SF‐36]). Additionally, subjective sinunasal impairment was collected using the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSBI). QOL and subjective sinunasal impairment were retested 4 months after surgery (63–339 days after surgery; mean, 128 days) in 361 patients.Results:In the RSBI severity scale, 29.5% of the patients rated their sinunasal problems presurgery to be of high severity, 61.2% rated them as medium, and 9.3% as minor. Postsurgery, 2.8% of the patients rated the severity of their sinunasal problems high, 35% medium, and 62.2% minor. Subjective improvement of symptoms was found in more than 80% of the patients. Presurgery, general QOL (SF‐36) was impaired in sinus patients and improved significantly after surgery. For most septum patients we found relatively little impact of sinunasal disease on general QOL (SF‐36) compared to the German normative sample.Conclusions:Functional endoscopic surgery seems to be a good technique for reducing sinunasal symptomatology in the majority of patients. It appears to enhance QOL in those patients who were severely affected beforehand. Long‐term investigations are currently underway to further explore the patients' subjective QOL following nasal surgery. Laryngoscope, 2010
The effect of topical castellani solution on outer hair cell function of rats
Authors: Gültekin Erdoğan , Yener Murat , Özdemir İsmail 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate if Castellani solution, which is used for the treatment of mycotic infections of the ear, has any ototoxic potential. There are some studies about the toxic effect of some of the ingredients of the Castellani solution, but the ototoxic effect is not known. The current study was designed to investigate the ototoxicity experimentally.Study Design:Prospective controlled animal study.Methods:Experiments were performed on 40 male Wistar albino rats. The animals were divided into four groups, each consisting of 10 rats. Under general anesthesia, the right tympanic membranes of the all of the rats were perforated and baseline distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurements were performed from the right ears before the use of solutions. The solutions were applied through the ear canal for 2 weeks using 0.1 mL twice a day. The rats in group I (study group) received Castellani solution. The rats in group II and group III received gentamicin (40 mg/mL) and saline solution respectively. The rats in group IV were followed without use of any medication. After 2 weeks DPOAE recordings were repeated.Results:Baseline DPOAE results were normal in the right ears of all animals tested. Animals treated with either Castellani solution or saline and the rats in the control group showed no significant changes in the DPOAE amplitudes. The gentamicin group showed a significant decrease in the DPOAE values.Conclusions:In the rat, Castellani solution, which is topically applied to the middle ear cavity, does not affect DPOAE amplitudes. Laryngoscope, 2010
Real‐time visualization of altered gastric motility by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Unger Marcus M. , Hattemer Katja , Möller Jens C. , Schmittinger Katrin , Mankel Katharina , Eggert Karla , Strauch Konstantin , Tebbe Johannes J. , Keil Boris , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Heverhagen Johannes T. , Knake Susanne 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGastrointestinal motility is frequently affected in Parkinson's disease (PD) and has even been reported in early stages of PD. We hypothesized that gastric motility can be assessed in vivo by real‐time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an established, noninvasive method. After an overnight fast and a standardized test meal, 10 patients with PD (six drug naïve, four treated) and 10 healthy volunteers underwent real‐time MRI scanning of the stomach. Gastric motility was quantified by calculating the gastric motility indices (GMI) from transversal oblique und sagittal oblique MRI scans. There was a trend toward a decreased gastric motility in patients with PD compared with healthy controls (Mann‐Whitney test, P 0.059). This difference in peristalsis was due to a significant reduction in the amplitude of peristaltic contractions (P 0.029) and not to a decelerated velocity of the peristaltic waves (P 0.97). Real‐time MRI allows direct visualization of gastric motility in PD. In this pilot study, a relatively high interindividual variability impaired accurate separation of our PD sample from healthy controls. The trend toward decreased gastric motility is in accordance with previous studies that investigated gastric motility in patients with PD using other methods. Our study provides first demonstration of a possible underlying mechanism for disturbed gastric motility in PD (reduced amplitude of contractions versus altered velocity of peristaltic waves). Further studies in drug‐naïve PD patients are required to determine the discriminatory power and validity of this technique in PD. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
1H, 13C, and 15N NMR spectra of some pyridazine derivatives
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , El‐Gendy Bahaa El‐Dien M. , Draghici Bogdan , Fedoseyenko Dmytro , Fadli Aziz , Metais Eric 
Published: March 2010

Abstract1H, 13C, and 15N NMR chemical shifts for pyridazines 4–22 were measured using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods including 1H1H gDQCOSY, 1H13C gHMQC, 1H13C gHMBC, and 1H15N CIGAR–HMBC experiments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quasi‐solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells containing P (MMA‐co‐AN)‐based polymeric gel electrolyte
Authors: Lan Zhang , Wu Jihuai , Lin Jianming , Huang Miaoliang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractQuasi‐solid state dye‐sensitized solar cells (QS‐DSSC) containing poly (methyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylonitrile) [P (MMA‐co‐AN)] gel electrolytes were fabricated. By tuning AN molar percentage in P (MMA‐co‐AN), the optimized polymeric gel electrolyte for fabricating QS‐DSSC can be obtained. QS‐DSSC containing polymeric gel electrolyte with 45 mol.% AN in P(MMA‐co‐AN) shows higher energy conversion efficiency than that of QS‐DSSCs containing polymeric gel electrolytes with either pure PMMA or PAN. So it presents an effective way to improve the photovoltaic performance of QS‐DSSC by tuning the components of polymeric gelling agent. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐based composites using synthesized β‐tricalcium phosphate
Authors: Bianco Alessandra , Di Federico Erica , Cacciotti Ilaria 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNon‐woven hybrid membranes based on poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and as‐synthesized β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) were obtained by the electrospinning technique. A wide range of composition was investigated, the filler content spanning between 2 and 60 wt%. The synthesis of the β‐TCP powder was accomplished by titration of calcium hydroxide with phosphoric acid followed by calcination of the resulting precipitate at 1100°C. The as‐dried calcium phosphate was characterized by Inductive Coupled Plasma (AES‐ICP), thermal analysis (TG‐DTA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and high temperature X‐ray diffraction analysis (HT‐XRD). The specific surface area (SSA) was evaluated by N2 adsorption. Microstructure of PCL/TCP membranes was investigated by SEM, energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), XRD analysis, and SSA measurements. The average fiber diameter ranged between 1 and 2 µm, the porosity was 80–90%, and the SSA 16 m2/g. Mechanical properties were determined by uniaxial tensile test. A remarkable enhancement of the tensile modulus was observed for composites containing up to 4 wt% β‐TCP. The ultimate tensile strength ranged between 2 and 3 MPa for samples loaded up to 8 wt%. For most of the samples, the elongation at break was in the range 100–150%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parental attitudes toward research participation in pediatric sickle cell disease
Authors: Liem Robert I. , Cole Allison H. , Pelligra Stephanie A. , Mason Maryann , Thompson Alexis A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundSocio‐cultural attitudes and perceptions are commonly cited barriers to the recruitment of African‐Americans for medical research, yet no studies have examined the factors influencing research participation among individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) or caregivers of children with SCD.ProcedureWe distributed a 32‐item, self‐administered survey to parents or legal guardians of children with SCD over a 6‐month period. We used Pearson's chi‐square to determine factors associated with a favorable attitude toward research participation and logistic regression to determine independent associations.ResultsWe collected 151 surveys in this pilot study. In general, 86% of respondents believed more research needed to be done for SCD and 57% would allow their child to participate in a medical research study, corresponding to a favorable attitude. Respondent belief that more research needed to be done for SCD (OR 23.4, 95% CI 4.5–121.9, P = 0.001), perception of greater severity of their own child's SCD (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.0–7.1, P = 0.041) and prior exposure to research (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.0–10.3, P = 0.043) were significantly associated with a favorable attitude, although only the first two remained independent associations in our regression model. Attitude toward research participation was not affected by respondent country of birth.ConclusionsParents of children with SCD who allow participation in medical research are likely to believe that more research is needed in SCD and that their child's SCD is moderate to severe. Developing effective tools, based on identified knowledge gaps related to clinical research, may improve research participation in this population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;55:129–133. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synovial sarcoma in childhood and adolescence: A retrospective series of 77 patients registered by the Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group between 1991 and 2006
Authors: Brennan Bernadette , Stevens Michael , Kelsey Anna , Stiller Charles A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe analysis of a contemporary multi‐centre series of synovial sarcoma in children and young people describes the clinical characteristics, examines the effect of known prognostic factors and looks at outcome with particular emphasis on a conservative approach to treatment of localised disease.ProcedureData from 77 young patients with synovial sarcoma registered or treated by the Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG) between 1991 and 2006 were reviewed. The outcome of 21 patients with localised favourable disease who were treated with surgery only is described.ResultsFive‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for all 77 patients were 72% and 76%, respectively. In multivariate analysis survival was influenced by tumour invasiveness and size (T stage) and IRS group (T1b, P = 0.002; T2a, P = 0.041; T2b, P < 0.001; IRS III, P = 0.012). Patients with metastatic disease (IRS group IV) had a very poor prognosis; all but one has died. In IRS III patients, response to chemotherapy was seen in 38%. In a subgroup of 21 patients with small completed resected tumours no further primary treatment was given. Nineteen of this group were alive in first complete remission (CR).ConclusionThe outcome of treatment for young patients in this national, multi‐centre series of synovial sarcoma cases compares favourably to that in other contemporary series and presents novel information that demonstrates the validity of a conservative approach to further therapy in patients with small completely resected tumours. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;55:85–90. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic analysis of rice seedlings infected by Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021
Authors: Chi Feng , Yang Pingfang , Han Feng , Jing Yuxiang , Shen Shihua 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRhizobial endophytes infect and colonize not only leguminous plants, but several non‐leguminous species as well. Using green fluorescent protein tagging technique, it has been shown that Rhizobia infect different varieties of rice species and migrate from plant roots to aerial tissues such as leaf sheaths and leaves. The interaction between them was found to promote the growth of rice. The growth promotion is the cumulative result of enhanced photosynthesis and stress resistance. In addition, indole‐3‐acetic acid also contributes to the promotion. Gel‐based comparative proteomic approaches were applied to analyze the protein profiles of three different tissues (root, leaf sheath and leaf) of Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 inoculated rice in order to get an understanding about the molecular mechanism. Upon the inoculation of rhizobia, proteins involved in nine different functional categories were either up‐regulated or down‐regulated. Photosynthesis related proteins were up‐regulated only in leaf sheath and leaf, while the up‐regulated proteins in root were exclusively defense related. The results implied that there might have been an increase in the import and transport of proteins involved in light and dark reactions to the chloroplast as well as more efficient distribution of nutrients, hence enhanced photosynthesis. Although the initiation of defensive reactions mainly occurred in roots, some different defense mechanisms were also evoked in the aerial tissues.