bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colourful stripes send mixed messages to safe and risky partners in a diffuse cleaning mutualism
Authors: LETTIERI L. , STREELMAN J. T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe steps by which neutral, random and/or negative biological interactions evolve into mutualistic ones remain poorly understood. Here, we studyElacatinusgobies and the ‘client’ fishes they clean. Colourful stripes are common to mutualist cleaners and noncleaning sister species. Blue stripes are unique to cleaners and are more conspicuous to predators than are basal yellow or green stripes. In turn, we focused on the role of colour as a potentially specialized signal. We show that cleaners may possess a chemical defence and demonstrate that stripes are sufficient to elicit client posing behaviour and to deter attack, corroborating the putative role of chemistry. Analysis of previously published records shows that yellow cleaners interact with predatory clients less often compared to green and blue cleaners. Our results highlight evolution from predator resistance to advertising with conspicuous signals. Similar trajectories, via recognizable signals to risky partners, may be common in other diffuse mutualisms.
Current and future molecular approaches to investigate the white pine blister rust pathosystem
Authors: Richardson B. A. , Ekramoddoulah A. K. M. , Liu J.‐J. , Kim M.‐S. , Klopfenstein N. B. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryMolecular genetics is proving to be especially useful for addressing a wide variety of research and management questions on the white pine blister rust pathosystem. White pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium ribicola, is an ideal model for studying biogeography, genetics, and evolution because: (1) it involves an introduced pathogen; (2) it includes multiple primary and alternate hosts occurring in large, relatively undisturbed ecosystems; (3) some hosts exhibit endemic resistance; and (4) the disease interaction is long enduring. Molecular techniques are used to investigate population genetics, phylogenetics, hybrids, and proteomics in white pine (Pinus, subgenus Strobus) and blister rust (Cronartium) and the genetics of resistance and virulence in the blister rust pathosystem. These techniques include genetic markers, mapping, microarrays, sequencing, association genetics, genomics, and genecology. Molecular genetics contributes to gene conservation, breeding for resistance, and ecosystem management.
Silvicultural approaches for management of eastern white pine to minimize impacts of damaging agents
Authors: Ostry M. E. , Laflamme G. , Katovich S. A. 
Published: September 2010

SummarySince the arrival to North America ofCronartium ribicola, management of eastern white pine has been driven by the need to avoid the actual or, in many areas, the perceived damage caused by white pine blister rust. Although white pine has lost much of its former dominance, it remains a valuable species for biotic diversity, aesthetics, wildlife habitat and forest products. Understanding its silvics and damaging agents provides a sound basis for the silvicultural activities of site selection, regeneration and stand tending. The species can be successfully grown in many locations despite herbivory, competition, white pine weevil and blister rust. Forest managers can minimize damage by applying knowledge of local conditions (climate, soils, physiography and vegetation) to hazard assessment, site selection and preparation, vegetation management, and pruning. With appropriate management and a long‐term commitment, many eastern forests can be beneficially reforested to eastern white pine with little impact from blister rust and other damaging agents.
Blister rusts in China: hosts, pathogens, and management
Authors: Zhang X. Y. , Lu Q. , Sniezko R. A. , Song R. Q. , Man G. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryChina has 12 taxa of white pines (subgenus Strobus), including species of wide distribution valuable to plantation forestry and species of rare endemics only distantly related to other white pines. The most important forest diseases of these white pines are caused by the blister rust fungi of the genus Cronartium that alternate to telial host species of Ribes and Pedicularis. The most serious infestations have occurred in southwestern China on Pinus armandii and in northeastern China on P. koraiensis. The blister rust pathogen on P. armandii has usually been identified as Cronartium ribicola. Several lines of evidence, however, imply this pathogen on P. armandii is different from a pathogen on P. koraiensis that appears more closely related to C. ribicola in North America, Europe, and other Asian countries. In China, C. ribicola is designated as a quarantine pest. Silvicultural control of blister rust relies on pruning and thinning infected trees, herbicide removal of telial hosts, and chemical treatment of blister rust cankers. Although plantation forestry is important in China, little information is available on the genetics of resistance in Chinese white pines to native blister rust fungi. Challenges and opportunities are identified in forest management and research for disease assessment and control, rust systematics and biology, and genetic interactions in the white pine blister rust pathosystem.
Quantitative Bestimmung des „direkten” und des „indirekten” Bilirubins im Serum der Haustiere
Authors: Berger H.‐J. 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung

Im Serum gesunder Tiere werden quantitative Bestimmungen des Gesamtbilirubins und des direkten Bilirubins mit der Methode von Jendrassik‐Grof bzw. der von Jendrassik‐Gleghorn in der Fassung von With durchgeführt. Zur Untersuchung kommen Pferde, Fohlen, Rinder, Kälber, Schafe, Ziegen, Schweine und Hunde.
„Direktes” und „indirektes” Bilirubin ist bei alien Tierarten nachzuweisen und der Bilirubinindex beträgt 1. Nur bei Kälbern liegen die Werte zwischen 0,5 und 7.
Die Höhe des Bilirubinspiegels ist von der Tierart und dem Alter abhängig. Nahrungsentzug für 1 bis 2 Tage bewirkt eine Erhöhung der Werte.

SummaryQuantitative analysis of “direct” and “indirect” bilirubin in the serum of domestic animals

Using the method of Jendrassik‐Grof or that of Jendrassik‐Gleghorn modified by With, estimations were made of total and direct bilirubin in the serum of normal horses, foals, cattle, calves, sheep, goats, pigs and dogs.
“Direct” and “indirect” bilirubin can be demonstrated in the serum of all these species and the bilirubin index is always 1, except in the calf where it lies between 0.5 and 7.
The bilirubin picture varies with species and age. Witholding food for 1–2 days causes a rise in the bilirubin in the blood.

RésuméL'analyse quantitative de la bilirubine «directe» et «indirecte» dans le sérum des animaux domestiques

Dans le sérum d'animaux sains on effectua des analyses quantitatives de la bilirubine totale et de la bilirubine directe par la méthode de Jendrassik‐Grof, resp. de Jendrassik‐Cleghorn selon la version de With. Ces examens furent faits chez le cheval, le poulain, le boeuf, le veau, le mouton, la chèvre, le porc et le chien.
La bilirubine „directe” et la bilirubine „indirecte” peuvent être décelées chez tous les animaux et l'index de bilirubine est égal à. 1. Chez le veau seulement, il varie de 0,5 à 7.
Le taux de bilirubine dépend de l'espèce animale et de l'âge de l'animal. Une privation de nourriture pendant 1 à 2 jours a pour effet d'augmenter ces valeurs.

ResumenDeterminación cuantitativa de la bilirrubina «directa» e «indirecta» en el suero de los animates domésticos

En el suero de animales sanos se realizan determinaciones cuantitativas de la bilirrubina total y de la bilirrubina directa con las técnicas de Jendrassik‐Grof y de Jendrassik‐Cleghorn, respectivamente, en la versión dada por With.A la investigación se sometieron caballos, potros, vacas, terneras, ovejas, cabras, cerdos y perros.
En todas las especies animales se puede identificar tanto la bilirrubina „directa” como la „indirecta”, y el índice bilirrubínico es igual a 1. Sólo en las terneras, los valores oscilan entre 0,5 y 7.
La altura del nivel bilirrubínico depende de la especie animal y de la edad. El ayuno durante 1–2 días hace que aumenten los valores.
Cannabidiol inhibits synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal cultures and slices via multiple receptor pathways
Authors: Ledgerwood CJ , Greenwood SM , Brett RR , Pratt JA , Bushell TJ 
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSECannabidiol (CBD) has emerged as an interesting compound with therapeutic potential in several CNS disorders. However, whether it can modulate synaptic activity in the CNS remains unclear. Here, we have investigated whether CBD modulates synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal cultures and acute slices.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHThe effect of CBD on synaptic transmission was examined in rat hippocampal cultures and acute slices using whole cell patch clamp and standard extracellular recordings respectively.KEY RESULTSCannabidiol decreased synaptic activity in hippocampal cultures in a concentration‐dependent andPertussistoxin‐sensitive manner. The effects of CBD in culture were significantly reduced in the presence of the cannabinoid receptor (CB1) inverse agonist, LY320135 but were unaffected by the 5‐HT1Areceptor antagonist, WAY100135. In hippocampal slices, CBD inhibited basal synaptic transmission, an effect that was abolished by the proposed CB1receptor antagonist, AM251, in addition to LY320135 and WAY100135.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSCannabidiol reduces synaptic transmission in hippocampalin vitropreparations and we propose a role for both 5‐HT1Aand CB1receptors in these CBD‐mediated effects. These data offer some mechanistic insights into the effects of CBD and emphasize that further investigations into the actions of CBD in the CNS are required in order to elucidate the full therapeutic potential of CBD.
Somatic frameshift mutations of bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 gene in gastric and colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability
Authors: PARK SANG WOOK , HUR SOO YOUNG , YOO NAM JIN , LEE SUG HYUNG 
Published: September 2010

Park SW, Hur SY, Yoo NJ, Lee SH. Somatic frameshift mutations of bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 gene in gastric and colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability. APMIS 2010; 118: 824–9.Mounting evidence exists that perturbation of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling is involved in cancer development, especially in gastrointestinal cancers. However, somatic mutations of the genes encoding BMP and BMP receptors have not yet been discovered in human cancer tissues. By analyzing a public database, we found that BMP receptor 2 (BMPR2) and BMP1 genes had mononucleotide repeats in their coding sequences that could be mutation targets in cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI). In this study, we analyzed the mutation of BMPR2 and BMP1 genes in gastric (GC) and colorectal cancers (CRC) with MSI [31 GC with high MSI (MSI‐H), 13 GC with low MSI (MSI‐L), 38 CRC with MSI‐H and 15 CRC with MSI‐L] by single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing. Overall, we found seven frameshift mutations in the BMPR2 gene, but not in the BMP1 gene. The mutations were an identical deletion mutation of one base in the repeats (c.1748delA) that would result in premature stops of the amino acid synthesis (p.Asn583ThrfsX44). The BMPR2 mutations were detected in 6.5% of GC and 13.2% of CRC with MSI‐H. All the cancers with the BMPR2 mutation showed loss of BMPR2 expression. Our data indicate that frameshift mutation of BMPR2 gene occurs in GC and CRC with MSI‐H, and suggest that the BMPR2 mutation might contribute to cancer pathogenesis by inactivating BMPR2‐mediated BMP signaling.
Do we need a booster of Hib vaccine after primary vaccination? A study on anti‐Hib seroprevalence in Sweden 5 and 15 years after the introduction of universal Hib vaccination related to notifications of invasive disease
Authors: HALLANDER HANS O. , LEPP TIIA , LJUNGMAN MARGARETHA , NETTERLID EVA , ANDERSSON MIKAEL 
Published: September 2010

Hallander HO, Lepp T, Ljungman M, Netterlid E, Andersson M. Do we need a booster of Hib vaccine after primary vaccination? A study on anti‐Hib seroprevalence in Sweden 5 and 15 years after the introduction of universal Hib vaccination related to notifications of invasive disease. APMIS 2010; 118: 878–87.The prevalence of IgG ELISA antibodies against Haemophilus influenzae polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (anti‐Hib) was studied in two Swedish seroepidemiologic materials. One study was performed in 1997 5 years after the introduction of universal Hib vaccination (N = 3320). Ten years later, a similar study was carried out to analyze the effect of vaccination on anti‐Hib prevalence (N = 2383). The median values of anti‐Hib concentrations (EU/mL) were almost identical in the two materials. The antigenic pressure including vaccination, natural infections and possible cross‐immunizations was thus assumed to be constant. The joint median was 0.50 EU/mL (95% confidence interval: 0.46, 0.56). However, there were also indications of reduced exposure to ‘Hib‐antigens’ over a 10‐year period. The proportion above the cut‐off point for protection, 0.15 EU/mL, decreased significantly for children aged 2–19 years from 78% in 1997 to 74% in 2007 (p = 0.034), and there was a significant increase in values below the minimal level of detection for adults from 17% in 1997 to 20% in 2007 (p = 0.009). In the 2007 material no specific age group could be identified with a lower immune profile than other age groups older than 3 years and there was a significant downward trend of invasive infections caused by Hib according to notification data for the period 1997–2008. Therefore, the conclusion is that presently there is no need for a booster dose of Hib vaccine in Sweden after primary vaccination but the situation should be carefully monitored.
Salivary blood group antigens and microbial flora
Authors: Tabasum ST , Nayak RP 
Published: September 2010

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene
9, 2011; 117–121 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2010.00451.x Tabasum ST, Nayak RP. Salivary blood group antigens and microbial flora.Abstract:  Objective:  Secretor is an individual with ability to produce blood group reactive substances in the exocrine glands and to secrete these substances in the body fluids such as saliva. In saliva the blood reactive antigens are found primarily on mucins which exhibit microheterogenicity and different subtypes of these molecules. This study was done to find out if the salivary blood group antigens have any role in the adherence of certain selected microorganism in the oral cavity.Methods:  Unstimulated whole saliva and sub gingival plaque samples were collected from subjects with clinically healthy gingival, chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis with probing pocket depth ≥4 mm and attachment loss ≥1 mm. Secretor status was determined by using Haemagglutination Inhibition Assay. Unstimulated whole saliva and sub gingival plaque samples were collected to culture and isolate the selected microorganisms. The clinical scores, secretor status and the presence or absence of selected microorganisms were compared within the groups using Chi‐square test and students unpaired t‐test.Results:  The numbers of secretors were more in the healthy group (22.2%) and non secretors were more in the chronic periodontitis group (22.2%). The clinical scores were higher in the in non secretors compared to the secretors in all the three groups. P intermedia and P gingivalis were prevalent among non secretors in chronic gingivitis group. (P = 0.075 and P = 0.032) and chronic periodontitis group (P = 0.068 and P = 0.009).
Training rural women to improve access to oral health awareness programmes in remote villages in Nepal
Authors: Knevel RJM 
Published: September 2010

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene 8, 2010; 286–293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2010.00481.x. Knevel RJM. Training rural women to improve access to oral health awareness programmes in remote villages in Nepal.Abstract:  Objectives:  Description of experiences and results of training rural women in Nepal to recognize basic oral health problems and to perform basic oral health promotion activities.Methods:  Rural women from different districts of Nepal were trained in a 1‐day course in oral health promotion as part of a 4‐month vocational skills programme targeted at them. Their knowledge about preventive oral care, their recognition of basic oral health problems and their ability to perform basic oral health education were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively before and after the course.Results:  From 2006 to 2009, 141 women from 30 mostly rural districts were trained. Following the educational intervention, an overall trend towards improvement of their oral health awareness and their knowledge was documented. They proved to be competent in oral health promotion activities, in demonstrating oral hygiene techniques and in recognizing basic oral health problems. They were able to organize oral health awareness programmes in their villages and acted as advocates for the benefits of fluoridated toothpaste. After 3 years, they educated 2100 other community members, with at least 4000 children participating in their oral health awareness programmes.Conclusion:  A community‐oriented educational intervention programme for rural women in basic oral health promotion activities could be a successful culturally sensitive means to support access to oral health awareness programmes for Nepalese people in remote areas.
Effect of accelerated ageing and surface sealing on the permanent deformation of auto‐polymerising soft linings
Authors: da Silva Joaquim , Takahashi Jessica , Nuňez Juliana , Consani Rafael , Mesquita Marcelo 
Published: September 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00419.x

Effect of accelerated ageing and surface sealing on the permanent deformation of auto‐polymerising soft liningsPurpose:  To compare the effects of different ageing methods on the permanent deformation of two permanent soft liners.Materials and methods:  The materials selected were auto‐polymerising acrylic resin and silicone‐based reliners. Sealer coating was also evaluated. Sixty specimens of each reliner were manufactured (12.7 mm diameter and 19 mm length). Specimens were randomly distributed into 12 groups (n = 10) and submitted to one of the accelerated ageing processes. Permanent deformation tests were conducted with a mechanical device described within the American Dental Association specification number 18 with a compressive load of 750 gf applied for 30 s. All data were submitted for statistical analysis. Mann–Whitney test compared the effect of the surface sealer on each material and the permanent deformation of the materials in the same ageing group (p = 0.05). Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests compared all ageing groups of each material (p = 0.05).Results:  The silicone‐based reliner presented a lower permanent deformation than the acrylic resin‐based reliner, regardless of the ageing procedure. The surface sealer coating was effective only for the thermocycled silicone group and the accelerated ageing processes affected only the permanent deformation of the acrylic resin‐based material.Conclusion:  The silicone‐based reliner presented superior elastic properties and the thermocycling was more effective in ageing the materials.
Correlation between sealer penetration and microleakage following the use of MTAD as a final irrigant
Authors: Ghoddusi Jamileh , Dibaji Fatemeh , Marandi Sara 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe relationship between sealer penetration and apical microleakage following the use of MTAD as an irrigant in root canal procedures was evaluated. A collection of 120 human teeth was divided into three groups of 40 in each group. The final rinse was varied as follows: group 1 – the final rinse was saline solution, group 2 – ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and for group 3 – MTAD. Each group was then divided into two subgroups (20 teeth) and filled with gutta percha and either AH Plus or Dorifill sealer. Half of the teeth were selected for dye penetration testing and the sealer penetration in the remaining teeth was evaluated using scanning electron microscope. There were no significant differences between the three irrigants, but there was less dye penetration in teeth sealed with AH Plus than Dorifill. Penetration of the sealer was better in the MTAD and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid groups than in the saline group. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules and the dye penetration.
Perceived Creaminess and Viscosity of Aggregated Particles of Casein Micelles and κ‐Carrageenan
Authors: Flett Kelly L. , Duizer Lisa M. , Goff H. Douglas 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Creaminess, in terms of sensory science, is a very complex and multifaceted term. It is a descriptor often reserved for fat‐containing dairy emulsions, however, has also been used to describe nondairy food emulsions. In the food industry, it is a great challenge to decrease fat content while maintaining the original quality and sensory characteristics of a food product. An aggregated particle consisting of casein micelles and κ‐carrageenan has the potential to enhance the perceived creaminess of a low‐fat food product, due to its colloidal size. In this study, these aggregates were incorporated into nonfat dairy beverages and subjected to sensory studies. In the 1st sensory study, the aggregates, either as a powdered ingredient or a fresh ingredient, were added to thickened dairy beverages and compared to similar beverages containing skim milk powder and either no fat or 2% dairy fat. The panelists found the aggregate‐containing beverages to be creamier and more viscous in comparison to the control beverages. In the 2nd sensory study, fresh and powdered aggregates, at 2 concentrations, were added to a sweetened nonfat dairy beverage and compared to a similar beverage containing 2% dairy fat. The results of this panel showed that aggregates, especially at increased concentrations, were perceived as more creamy than the fat‐containing beverage. Panelists described the creaminess of the aggregates as more thick and viscous while the dairy fat was described more in terms of mouth‐coating. Thus, we have developed a nonfat milk ingredient that can contribute creaminess to a food product.Practical Application:  This study shows potential applications of aggregates of casein micelles and κ‐carrageenan as a fat‐mimetic or creaminess‐enhancing ingredient. These particles may be produced as either fresh aggregates directly formed in a dairy product or as powdered aggregates added to dairy or nondairy products.
Flow Properties of Acetylated Chickpea Protein Dispersions
Authors: Liu Li H. , Hung Tran V. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Chickpea protein concentrate was acetylated with acetic anhydride at 5 levels. Acetylated chickpea protein (ACP) dispersions at 3 levels (6%, 45%, and 49%) were chosen for this flow property study. Effects of protein concentration, temperature, concentrations of salt addition and particularly, degree of acetylation on these properties were examined. Compared with native chickpea proteins, the ACP dispersions exhibited a strong shear thinning behavior. Within measured temperature range (15 to 55 °C), the apparent viscosities of native chickpea protein dispersions were temperature independent; those of ACP dispersions were thermally affected. The flow index (n), consistency coefficient (m), apparent yield stress, and apparent viscosities of ACP dispersions increased progressively up to 45% acetylation but decreased at 49% acetylation level. Conformational studies by gel filtration suggested that chickpea proteins were associated or polymerized at up to 45% acetylation but the associated subunits gradually dissociated to smaller units at higher levels (49%) of acetylation.Practical Application:  The results of this study should be useful for chickpea protein application in food systems to make high protein functional food products.