bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of network structure on spreading dynamics via tie range
Authors: Li 李 Min 敏 , Song 宋 Yurong 玉蓉 , Song 宋 Bo 波 , Li 李 Ruqi 汝琦 , Jiang 蒋 Guo-Ping 国平 , Hui 张 Zhang 晖 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
There are various phenomena of malicious information spreading in the real society, which cause many negative impacts on the society. In order to better control the spreading, it is crucial to reveal the influence of network structure on network spreading. Motifs, as fundamental structures within a network, play a significant role in spreading. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the influence of the structural characteristics of basic network motifs on spreading dynamics. Considering the edges of the basic network motifs in an undirected network correspond to different tie ranges, two edge removal strategies are proposed, short ties priority removal strategy and long ties priority removal strategy. The tie range represents the second shortest path length between two connected nodes. The study focuses on analyzing how the proposed strategies impact network spreading and network structure, as well as examining the influence of network structure on network spreading. Our findings indicate that the long ties priority removal strategy is most effective in controlling network spreading, especially in terms of spread range and spread velocity. In terms of network structure, the clustering coefficient and the diameter of network also have an effect on the network spreading, and the triangular structure as an important motif structure effectively inhibits the spreading.
Fusion and one-neutron stripping process for 6Li + 94Zr system around the Coulomb Barrier*
Authors: Su 苏 Xuedou 学斗 , Zhang 张 Guangxin 广鑫 , Hu 胡 Shipeng 世鹏 , Wen 温 Peiwei 琣威 , Soler H. O. , Zhang 张 Gaolong 高龙 , Cai 蔡 Boshuai 博帅 , Yuan 袁 Cenxi 岑溪 , Ferreira J. L. , Jiao 焦 Zhenwei 振威 , Wang 王 Mingli 明李 , Wang 汪 Xiaoyu 小雨 , Huang 黄 Zhen 珍 , Zhang 张 Huanqiao 焕乔 , Zhang 张 Chunlei 春雷 , Wu 吴 Xiaoguang 晓光 , Zheng 郑 Yun 云 , Li 李 Congbo 聪博 , Li 李 Tianxiao 天晓 , Lubian J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The complete and incomplete fusion cross section as well as one-neutron stripping process of 6Li + 94Zr system were measured at the energies around the Coulomb barrier by online γ-ray method. In addition to a 30% suppression factor when compared with the measured total fusion process, the complete fusion cross section in 6Li + 94Zr system was observed to be significantly lower than those in the nearby 6Li + 90, 96Zr system. The new experimental result implies that the coupling with breakup channel in the 6Li-induced fusion processes can be affected by the inner structure of the target, which is still not clear in any available model calculation. For the one-neutron stripping process, the direct production cross sections for each level in 95Zr were extracted and compared with the coupled reaction channel calculation, offering a unique opportunity to examine the single-particle nature of the produced excited states. Given the fact that an overall overestimation of the production cross section for 954-keV and 1618-keV levels was observed in the comparison, further investigation is highly demanded in order to understand the full reaction mechanism for the one-neutron stripping process induced by 6Li.
Influence of peripheral axon geometry and local anatomy on magnetostimulation chronaxie
Authors: Ferris Natalie G , Klein Valerie , Guerin Bastien , Wald Lawrence L , Davids Mathias 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective. Rapid switching of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gradient fields induces electric fields that can cause peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) and so accurate characterization of PNS is required to maintain patient safety and comfort while maximizing MRI performance. The minimum magnetic gradient amplitude that causes stimulation, the PNS threshold, depends on intrinsic axon properties and the spatial and temporal properties of the induced electric field. The PNS strength–duration curve is widely used to characterize simulation thresholds for periodic waveforms and is parameterized by the chronaxie and rheobase. Safety limits to avoid unwanted PNS in MRI rely on a single chronaxie value to characterize the response of all nerves. However, experimental magnetostimulation peripheral nerve chronaxie values vary by an order of magnitude. Given the diverse range of chronaxies observed and the importance of this number in MRI safety models, we seek a deeper understanding of the mechanisms contributing to chronaxie variability. Approach. We use a coupled electromagnetic-neurodynamic PNS model to assess geometric sources of chronaxie variability. We study the impact of the position of the stimulating magnetic field coil relative to the body, along with the effect of local anatomical features and nerve trajectories on the driving function and the resulting chronaxie. Main results. We find realistic variation of local axon and tissue geometry can modulate a given axon’s chronaxie by up to two-fold. Our results identify the temporal rate of charge redistribution as the underlying determinant of the chronaxie. Significance. This charge distribution is a function of both intrinsic axon properties and the spatial stimulus along the nerve; thus, examination of the local tissue topology, which shapes the electric fields, as well as the nerve trajectory, are critical for better understanding chronaxie variations and defining more biologically informed MRI safety guidelines.
W-HYDRA: a new experimental platform for the Water-Cooled Lead Lithium Breeding Blanket
Authors: Arena P. , Del Nevo A. , Eboli M. , Gonfiotti B. , Maccari P. , Marinari R. , Tincani A. , Badodi N. , Bongiovì G. , Catanzaro I. , Galleni F. , Risi C. , Sanasi L.L. , Tarallo A. , Vannoni A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the framework of the activities coordinated by the EUROfusion consortium, the Water thermal-HYDRAulic (W-HYDRA) experimental platform is being built at the ENEA Brasimone Research Centre in order to support the development of the Water-Cooled Lead Lithium (WCLL) Breeding Blanket (BB). In particular, this infrastructure will make possible the installation and testing of prototypical mock-ups under relevant working conditions, such as the First Wall (FW), the manifold and the Steam Generator (SG). Moreover, it will represent an integral test facility for the investigation of phenomena characteristic of WCLL BB concept, such as the PbLi/water interaction. Finally, the collection of data coming from the different planned experimental campaigns will allow to qualify and validate numerical models and codes currently adopted for the design of components, as well as for the modelling of complex phenomena typical of the WCLL BB. In order to come to a definitive design of the different facilities constituting the experimental platform, several design analyses assessing the thermal, hydraulic and structural performances of the different facilities and components are necessary. The paper reports a highlight of the W-HYDRA platform with a general description of the facilities. Some of the most relevant design studies carried out so far are reported as well, highlighting their impact on the evolution of the design.
Assessment of runaway electron beam termination and impact in ITER
Authors: Bandaru V. , Hoelzl M. , Bergström H. , Artola F.J. , Särkimäki K. , Lehnen M. ,   the JOREK Team
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The vertical motion and shrinking of the cold plasma column after a tokamak disruption leads to a natural decrease in the edge safety factor when most of the current is carried by runaway electrons (REs). Reaching a low edge safety factor can potentially cause a strong plasma instability. We present magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the termination of a post-disruption plateau-phase RE beam in ITER when the edge safety factor falls close to two. Growth of instabilities is observed to result in stochastization of the magnetic field and a prompt loss of REs. As RE impact must be mitigated in ITER, the effect of parameters that influence the final termination have been assessed. Higher background plasma resistivity is seen to cause larger mode magnitudes and stronger stochastization, leading to less remnant REs after the termination event. Lower ion-densities also project a qualitatively similar behavior although weaker in effect. Using computations from a wall collision model, the ensuing load distribution on the first-wall is also presented.
Constant speed random particles spontaneously confined on the surface of an expanding sphere
Authors: Serva Maurizio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The particles that we describe here can only move at the speed of light c in three-dimensional space. The velocity, which randomly but continuously changes direction, can be represented as a point on the surface of a sphere of constant radius c, and its trajectories may only connect points of this variety. The Wiener process that we use to describe the velocity dynamics on the surface of the sphere is anisotropic since the infinitesimal variation of the velocity is not only always orthogonal to the velocity itself (which guarantees a constant speed), but also to the position. This choice for the infinitesimal variation of the velocity is the one that best slows down the diffusion of particles in space by random motion at the speed of light. As a result of these dynamics, the position of the particles spontaneously remain confined on the surface of an expanding sphere whose radius increases, for large times, as the square root of time.
Real-time signal detection for Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy measurements using antenna arrays
Authors: Ashtari Esfahani A. , Böser S. , Buzinsky N. , Carmona-Benitez M.C. , Claessens C. , de Viveiros L. , Fertl M. , Formaggio J.A. , Foust B.T. , Gaison J.K. , Grando M. , Hartse J. , Heeger K.M. , Huyan X. , Jones A.M. , Jones B.J.P. , Kazkaz K. , LaRoque B.H. , Li M. , Lindman A. , Marsteller A. , Matthé C. , Mohiuddin R. , Monreal B. , Mucogllava B. , Mueller R. , Negi A. , Nikkel J.A. , Novitski E. , Oblath N.S. , Oueslati M. , Peña J.I. , Pettus W. , Reimann R. , Robertson R.G.H. , Rybka G. , Saldaña L. , Slocum P.L. , Stachurska J. , Sun Y.-H. , Surukuchi P.T. , Tedeschi J.R. , Telles A.B. , Thomas F. , Thorne L.A. , Thümmler T. , Van De Pontseele W. , VanDevender B.A. , Weiss T.E. , Wendler T. , Ziegler A. ,   The Project 8 collaboration
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES) is a technique for precision measurement of the energies of charged particles, which is being developed by the Project 8 Collaboration to measure the neutrino mass using tritium beta-decay spectroscopy. Project 8 seeks to use the CRES technique to measure the neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 40 meV, requiring a large supply of tritium atoms stored in a multi-cubic meter detector volume. Antenna arrays are one potential technology compatible with an experiment of this scale, but the capability of an antenna-based CRES experiment to measure the neutrino mass depends on the efficiency of the signal detection algorithms. In this paper, we develop efficiency models for three signal detection algorithms and compare them using simulations from a prototype antenna-based CRES experiment as a case-study. The algorithms include a power threshold, a matched filter template bank, and a neural network based machine learning approach, which are analyzed in terms of their average detection efficiency and relative computational cost. It is found that significant improvements in detection efficiency and, therefore, neutrino mass sensitivity are achievable, with only a moderate increase in computation cost, by utilizing either the matched filter or machine learning approach in place of a power threshold, which is the baseline signal detection algorithm used in previous CRES experiments by Project 8.
Conceptual design and simulated performance of the Barrel part of gamma array for the experimental terminal at HFRS of HIAF
Authors: Li Z.Y. , Yan D. , Wang S.T. , Yu Y.H. , Sun Z.Y. , Yue K. , Tang S.W. , Zhang X.H. , Ong H.J. , Fang F. , Zhang Y.J. , Xu X.D. , Sun Y.Z. , Jin S.Y. , Ma S.B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Barrel of γ array, consisting of 640 CsI(Tl)
crystals and covering a polar angle range from 36.4° to
135.6°, has been designed for the experimental terminals at
High energy FRagment Separator of High-Intensity heavy-ion
Accelerator Facility in Huizhou. Together with the existing Endcap,
consisting of 1024 CsI(Tl) crystals and covering a polar angle from
15.6° to 36.4°, at the External Target Facility in
Lanzhou to form a new γ array, it is expected to meet the
experimental requirements for in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy
technique. A Monte Carlo code based on Geant4 was implemented to
study the performance of the new γ array. Taking into account
the Doppler correction and the intrinsic energy resolution of the
detector, the energy resolution is 5.4% (FWHM) for the Endcap and
9.8% (FWHM) for the Barrel when the energy of the emitted
γ-ray is 1 MeV in the Center-of-Mass frame with the beam
energy of 500 MeV/u (beam velocity β = 0.759). The full-space
photopeak efficiency is greater than 40% when the energy of the
emitted γ-ray is less than 5 MeV in the Center-of-Mass frame
and the beam energy is less than 700 MeV/u (β = 0.821). Such
performance can satisfy most of the physics requirements for in-beam
γ-ray spectroscopy experiments.
Statistical evaluation of effect of anthropometric measurements on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Odetunmibi O. A. , Akingbade T. J. , Ale O. S. , Oghonyon G. J. , Oluwadare J. R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Scoliosis is a deformity in which there is sideways curvature to the spine. Curves are often S shaped or C shaped. Most common type is the idiopathic type which occurs in 10-12 years of age and early teens, females are more affected than males while the body is growing fast and the curve is commonly to the right side of the body. It however affect all ages of about 3% of general population. This study was set out to evaluate statistically, the effect of age, gender and anthropometric measurements (such as height, weight and body mass index) to the curve formed using 51 patients from Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja. It was discovered from the analysis that the ailment is common among females than males. The result also shows that the curve is most common to right hand side. The test of hypothesis conducted reveals that the anthropometric measurements of height, weight and body mass index though positively correlated with but do not have significant effect on the Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis curve.
A Review of Fabrication Techniques and Optimization Strategies for Microbial Biosensors
Authors: Ahuekwe E.F. , Akinyele A.F. , Benson A.E. , Oniha M.I. , Oziegbe O. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Challenges of stability and specificity associated with early generation sensors necessitate the fabrication and optimization of microbial biosensors. More so, the global biosensors market size currently valued at USD25.5 billion in 2021 is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.5% to USD36.7 billion in 2026. Microbial biosensors are bioanalytical systems that integrate microorganisms with a physical transducer to generate signals, thus, aiding the identification of analytes. The biosensors are fabricated through a series of steps comprising microbe selection, immobilization onto a matrix, microfabrication, calibration, and validation. The transducers integrated microorganisms generate quantifiable signals, enabling real-time monitoring of a diversity of analytes within food samples. The optimization strategies are scrutinized, with a particular focus on the integration of sundry nanoparticles, such as magnetic, gold, and quantum-dot nanoparticles, which enhance sensor performance. Distinct advantages offered by microbial biosensors promise to revolutionize food quality assessment via cost-effectiveness, rapid sample testing, and the ability to provide access to real-time data. Literature have highlighted certain limitations including interference from complex matrices, instability of microorganisms, and microbial lifespan. In assessing their economic importance, a comparative analysis is presented against conventional food analytical methods like ELISA, PCR, and HPLC; thus, highlighting the unique strengths of microbial biosensors. The future perspectives focus on the potential of the technology in addressing the need for continuous monitoring challenges, and research for further improvements in the biocompatibility of fabrication processes and long-term reusability.
Promoting Sustainable Development in Combating Schistosomiasis through Community-Centric Approaches: The Role of Social Empowerment and Education in Ondo State
Authors: Balogun D. O. , Nwinyi O. C. , Isibor P. O. , Adewale B. , Oyegbade S. A. , Mameh E. O , Aririguzoh V. O 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Schistosomiasis has been reported to be the most common parasitic disease after malaria capable of affecting over 249 million individuals in lower-income countries. The disease is caused by a blood fluke from the genus Schistosoma and can be either chronic or acute in several patients depending on the worm burden. Poor sanitation and lack of potable water are major predisposing factors for the sustained transmission of schistosomiasis in several communities in Africa. In Nigeria, 24 million cases are being reported in all states, with over 100 million individuals at risk of the infection due to the disease being endemic in the region. This disease is made worse when there is a co-infection of urinary tract infections (UTIs) or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In Ondo state Nigeria, urinary schistosomiasis is called Atosiaja, blood fluke, or snail fever. The disease is endemic in several communities in Ondo states due to little or no access to clean water which increases the contact of villagers to natural flowing rivers and streams that are natural breeding sites for the intermediate hosts. This systematic review was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of schistosomiasis in communities of Ondo state, Nigeria. The review was conducted through a literature search using two scientific databases which focuses on the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis infection in communities of Ondo state covering the period 2017 to 2022. This review looks at the relationship between sustainable development initiatives and the prevalence of schistosomiasis in Ondo state. By addressing critical issues such as water quality, community education and integrated vector management as long-term solutions to reduce the burden of schistosomiasis in Ondo state. This holistic approach will contribute overall to improvements in public health and the environment.
Influence of Virtual Learning Environments on Student Achievement for Sustainable Development
Authors: Owoseni A. O. , Babalola O. D. , Ibem E. O. , Opoko A. P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As a result of the global pandemic, in-person lecture delivery method was interrupted and thus, the necessitated adoption of Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) for the continuity of learning. However, considering that architectural education is hands-on and field-dependent, continuous design studio mentoring is expedient. This study therefore explored the potential of adopting VLE, especially in hands-on related disciplines and how this fosters student achievement in driving sustainable development. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyse quantitative data gathered from a randomly selected sample of architecture students representing three private universities in Nigeria. Findings from this research revealed that learning continued during the lockdown within the subject discipline. Notably, 86.6% of respondents utilized virtual meeting software like Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, and Cisco WebEx, while 12.4% utilized Learning Management Systems (LMS) such as Moodle. Additionally, accessible facilities like comfortable study areas, a steady power supply, internet connectivity, and studio materials contributed to a successful VLE experience. This research strongly advocates for the continuation of hybrid learning in architectural education, combining physical and virtual modes to deliver enriching and memorable learning experiences to enhance education for sustainable development.
Modeling of Wellbore Heat Transfer in Geothermal Production Well
Authors: Izuwa N. C. , Okereke N. U. , Nwanwe O. I. , Ejiga E. G. , Ekueme S. T. , Chikwe A.O. , Dike H. , Olabode O. , Ohaegbulam C. M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Electricity supply in Nigeria has been insufficient to aid development. It has also been observed that fossil fuels that supply energy has not been friendly to the environment, as a result an alternative energy source is needed. Geothermal energy has come to fill this gap. This work modelled wellbore heat transfer in geothermal wells and investigated the best heat mining fluid that will conserve heat during heat transfer at the wellbore during heat production. This work employed the mechanisms that greenhouse gases use to absorb heat from the sun and retain it to warm the earth. Simulation of heat extraction capability of steam and CO2 were studied. It was observed at reservoir conditions (248 °F) that steam Mass heat capacity (2.433 KJ/kg °F) is higher than that of CO2 (1.088 KJ/kg °F). At 204. 8 °F mass heat capacity of CO2 is 1.1915KJ/kg OF and that of steam is 2.4058 KJ/kg °F. This implies that steam retains more heat than CO2. From the study at wellbore fluid temperature of 276.8 °F, and at a flow rate of 1300 lb/hr, the wellbore heat transfer from steam (0.158 mmbtu/day) is slightly higher than that of CO2 (0.105 mmbtu/day). CO2 conserves more heat than steam when used as a heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer capabilities of the mining fluids determine the production capability of the heat resources and the quantity of electricity generation. The study recommended CO2 deployment as heat mining fluid in the exploitation of heat in geothermal resources in Nigeria. This will reduce the greenhouse effect of CO2 in our environment while also encouraging rapid development and economic growth, more especially with the rising cost of energy from fossil. Availability of geothermal energy will increase the supply of electricity in Nigeria.
Theoretical Study of Quantum Efficiency and Spectral Response of Solar Cells
Authors: James U. E. , Dim C. C. , Akinyemi M. L. , Ogunrinola I. E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A theoretical study of Quantum Efficiency (QE) and Spectral Response (SR) of solar cells was done in order to suggest ways in which related parameters could be optimized for maximum conversion efficiency of solar cells. Secondary data for the base, emitter and total parameters of QE and SR were obtained. MATLAB was employed in plotting and analysing these data across different diffusion lengths. From the results obtained, it was observed that when the value of the Emitter Diffusion Length (EDL) was varied from 0.3μm to 0.5μm, the emitter and total values of QE increased by about 700% at wavelength 300nm – 400nm. In the case of SR, it was observed that when there was an increase in the Base Diffusion Length (BDL) from 20μm to 50μm, there was an increase of about 26% at wavelength 800nm – 900nm. A rise in the diffusion length was seen to increase both the QE and SR of the cell. Thus, it can be suggested that an increase in the emitter and base diffusion length of a solar cell leads to a decrease in the recombination charges in the cell, giving more time for the charge carriers to exit the cell.