bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractures of the tuber coxa of the ilium in horses: 29 cases (1996–2007)
Authors: Dabareiner Robin M. , Cole Robert C. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine history; clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic, and scintigraphic abnormalities; treatment; and outcome in horses with tuber coxae fractures and to describe a useful technique for obtaining a dorsomedial-ventrolateral 50° oblique radiographic view of the tuber coxa of the ilium in standing horses.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—29 horses with fractures of tuber coxa.
Procedures—Data collected from medical records included signalment; history; horse use; severity and duration of lameness; radiographic, ultrasonographic, and scintigraphic findings; treatment; and outcome.
Results—All horses had a traumatic event leading to acute, unilateral hind limb lameness. Eighteen horses had a more severe lameness at the walk than at the trot; 22 of 29 horses had an abnormal gait with the hind limbs tracking to 1 side of the forelimbs. Twenty-four of 29 horses had palpable and visual asymmetry between the affected and unaffected tuber coxae. Twenty horses had radiography performed while sedated but standing, and fractures were reliably identified on the dorsomedial-ventrolateral 50° oblique radiographic views. Twenty-seven (27/29 [93%]) horses returned to athletic use. Horses sustaining partial fractures of the caudal aspect of tuber coxae returned to previous use significantly earlier (mean, 3 months), compared with horses with complete tuber coxae fractures (6.5 months).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Horses with tuber coxae fractures returned to athletic soundness following extended periods of rest. Findings emphasized the need for obtaining a dorsomedial-ventrolateral 50° oblique radiographic view of the tuber coxa of the ilium in horses suspected of sustaining injury to this region.
Navigated lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty — Technique and case report
Authors: Kendoff Daniel , Benedetto Paolo , Bedi Asheesh , Citak Mustafa , Olivier Lucien , Pearle Andrew 
Published: May 2009

AbstractLateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) outcomes have been inferior to those described after medial UKA. Inaccurate implant positioning and mechanical axis malalignment appear to be the most common technical errors. Rare studies or failure identification on lateral UKA are currently presented in the literature. We describe the utilization of computer-assisted lateral UKA placement for lateral knee osteoarthritis with a valgus malalignment of 10°. Navigation allows for a dynamic intraoperative visualisation of the mechanical axis, as well as for accurate component positioning and overall postoperative limb alignment. The systems allow the knee position to be captured with appropriate tension in extension and flexion prior to making definite cuts. Postoperatively, no instabilities occurred with a precise component placement. Navigation can be used in rare cases for lateral UKA.
Bilateral use of the vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib attached to the pelvis: a novel treatment for scoliosis in the growing spine
Authors: Samdani Amer F. , Ranade Ashish , Dolch Henry J. , Williams Reed , St. Hilaire Tricia , Cahill Patrick , Betz Randal R. 
Published: May 2009

Object
Few options exist for the treatment of severe, early onset scoliosis. Goals of treatment include stabilizing curve progression while allowing for normal spine, chest, and lung growth. The vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) is a novel device designed to control the spine deformity while permitting lung and spine growth. In this paper the authors report their experience with using bilateral VEPTRs from the ribs to the pelvis for children with severe, early onset scoliosis.

Methods
Eleven children were identified who had been treated with bilateral VEPTRs from the ribs to the pelvis. The authors conducted a retrospective review and collected the following data: clinical diagnosis, age at surgery, number of lengthening procedures, and complications. In addition, pre- and postoperative radiographs were reviewed to measure maximum Cobb angle (both thoracic and lumbar), thoracic height, total spine height as measured from T-1 to S-1, thoracic kyphosis (T2–12), and lumbar lordosis (L1–S1).

Results
The average patient age at surgery was 71 months; the mean preoperative thoracic Cobb angle was 81.7°. This angle was corrected to 50.6° immediately postoperatively, and this correction was maintained; at the most recent follow-up the curves averaged 58°. Similarly, the preoperative kyphosis (T2–12) angle measured 43° preoperatively, 23° immediately postoperatively, and 37° at the most recent follow-up evaluation. The patients underwent a total of 41 lengthening procedures (average 3.7 lengthening procedures per patient), and overall spine length increased from 23.1 cm preoperatively, to 27.3 cm immediately postoperatively, to 29.4 cm at the final follow-up (an average of 25 months). Four (36.4%) of the 11 patients experienced complications.

Conclusions
The VEPTR offers a viable treatment option for children with severe, early onset scoliosis. It achieves and maintains spinal deformity correction, while allowing for continued spine and chest-wall growth. Complication rates are similar to those reported for other growing systems.
Classification and clinical anatomy of the first spinal nerve: surgical implications
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Loukas Marios , Yalçin Bulent , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. 
Published: May 2009

Object
Data regarding the first cervical nerve are scanty and conflicting, however this nerve may need to be identified for neurosurgical procedures such as rhizotomy for torticollis and suboccipital pain syndromes. The authors performed the present study to elucidate further the detailed anatomy of the first cervical nerve and review its clinical relevance.

Methods
Forty adult cadavers (80 sides) were used in this study. Dissection was performed at the craniocervical junction with special attention to the formation and presence of the components of the C-1 spinal nerve. Additionally, connections between the C-1 nerve and the spinal accessory nerves were recorded.

Results
The authors classified the C-1 nerves into Types Ia, Ib, and II, in 34, 9, and 37 sides, respectively. Type Ia was composed of ventral and dorsal roots with a dorsal root ganglion, Type Ib was composed of ventral and dorsal roots and no dorsal root ganglion, and Type II was composed of only ventral roots. All types contained both dorsal and ventral rami. Mackenzie's nerve was identified on 2 left sides (2.5%). On 48 sides (60%), the C-1 nerve received a mean of 2.5 dorsal rootlets. In the remaining specimens, C-1 did not receive any dorsal rootlets. On the sides found to receive C-1 dorsal rootlets, 14 (30%) were found to have a distinct dorsal root ganglion present, and in 21 (44%) the spinal accessory nerve joined with the dorsal rootlets. The first cervical vertebra in these cases did not possess a dorsal root ganglion. A dorsal ramus of the C-1 spinal nerve was identified on all sides. Communication between the dorsal rami of C-1 and C-2 near their posterior elements was found on 12 sides (15%).

Conclusions
A detailed knowledge of C-1 nerve anatomy may be of use to the surgeon operating in the vicinity. Specifically, this knowledge may be helpful in procedures involving C-1 rhizotomy, including peripheral denervation procedures for cervical dystonia and occipital neuralgia.
Postoperative outcome after modified unilateral-approach microendoscopic midline decompression for degenerative spinal stenosis
Authors: Yagi Mitsuru , Okada Eijiro , Ninomiya Ken , Kihara Michiya 
Published: May 2009

Object
The object of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of a novel, minimally invasive spinal surgery technique to correct degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis involving a modified unilateral-approach microendoscopic midline decompression.

Methods
In this prospective study, 41 patients with lumbar stenosis were randomly assigned to undergo either a novel, median-approach microendoscopic laminectomy (20 patients) or a conventional laminectomy (21 patients). Spinal anteroposterior diameter, cross-sectional area, lateral recess distance, spinal stability, postoperative back pain, functional outcomes, and muscle trauma were evaluated. Follow-up ranged from 16 to 24 months, with a mean of 17.8 months for the novel procedure group and 18.6 months for the conventional laminectomy group.

Results
Compared with patients in the conventional laminectomy group, patients who received the novel procedure had a reduced mean duration of hospital stay, a lower mean creatine phosphokinase muscular-type isoenzyme level, a lower visual analog scale score for back pain at 1-year follow-up, and a faster recovery rate. These patients also had less mean blood loss compared with the conventionally treated group. Satisfactory neurological decompression and symptom relief were achieved in 90% of these patients. There was no significant clinical difference compared with the conventional laminectomy group's results. There was no evidence of spinal instability in any patient, and no patient required a follow-up conventional laminectomy.

Conclusions
This novel procedure provides effective spinal decompression. Although this method requires more operating time than a conventional method, it requires only minimal muscle trauma and spinal stability maintenance, and allows for early mobilization. This shortens the hospital stay, reduces postoperative back pain, and leads to satisfactory neurological and functional outcomes. Moreover, with the midline approach, decompression was accomplished without compromising the facet joints, even with a narrow width of lamina.
Influence of interleukin-6 on the development of peritumoral brain edema in meningiomas
Authors: Park Kyung-Jae , Kang Shin-Hyuk , Chae Yang-Seok , Yu Mi-Ok , Cho Tai-Hyoung , Suh Jung-Keun , Lee Hoon-Kap , Chung Yong-Gu 
Published: May 2009

Object
Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) is associated with perioperative neurological deficits in patients with meningiomas. However, the pathogenesis of meningioma-associated edema remains unclear. In the present study, the authors investigated the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its relationship with PTBE in resected meningiomas.

Methods
Thirty-six benign meningiomas obtained in 36 patients were studied retrospectively. Edema volume was assessed on MR images, and an edema index (EI) was calculated. Interleukin-6 mRNA and protein expression were examined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining.

Results
Peritumoral brain edema was found in 16 patients (44%). Neither age, sex, histological subtype, nor tumor location were related to PTBE. The level of IL-6 mRNA was 7.72 times greater in the edema group (EI > 0.2) than in the nonedema group (EI < 0.2; p = 0.011). On immunohistochemical analysis, IL-6 protein was found localized in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, and was detected in 12 (75%) of 16 cases of edematous meningiomas, but in only 6 (30%) of 20 nonedematous cases. There was a significant correlation between the severity of PTBE and IL-6 expression (p = 0.004).

Conclusions
The authors' results in this study indicate that IL-6 expression may contribute to the development of brain edema associated with meningiomas.
Education Reform as an Agent of Change: The Development of Media Literacy in Hong Kong during the Last Decade
Authors: Cheung C.K. 
Published: May 2009

Although media education is a comparatively new area of studies in Hong Kong, it is already flourishing. Why? This contribution identifies the education reform as an important factor in encouraging the development of media education in the last decade, and the three major driving forces of this reform have been: the emphasis on civic education since Hong Kong’s return to China sovereignty, the introduction of information technology (ICT), and the recent review of the curriculum. The author also aims to find out whether the patterns used in media education development are their own Asian models or, on the contrary, they follow Wes tern patterns.A pesar de su novedad como área de estudios, la educación mediática en Hong Kong ha sido exitosa. Este texto demuestra cómo la reforma educativa ha sido un factor importante para el desarrollo de la educación mediática en la última década. Las tres principales fuerzas de cambio en esta reforma han sido el énfasis en la educación cívica desde el retorno de Hong Kong a la soberanía china; la introducción de las tecnologías de la información (TIC) y la reciente revisión de los programas de estudio. El autor pretende además iniciar una investigación encaminada a descubrir si hay patrones comunes y propios de desarrollo e implementación de la educación mediática en las distintas sociedades asiáticas o si éstas siguen un patrón occidental.
Implementing Mandates in Media Education: The Ontario Experience
Authors: Wilson Carolyn , Duncan Barry 
Published: May 2009

This analysis presents a report on media literacy education in Ontario. It provides an overview of the curriculum for media literacy that is mandated by the provincial government. Specifically, it describes various approaches for teaching about the media as well as the theory that underpins curriculum documents and classroom practices. The analysis also describes the work of key organizations and partnerships that helped prioritize media literacy education, and offers suggestions for the successful development and implementation of media literacy programs. The conclusion discusses the challenges and future directions for media literacy beyond the Ontario case, focusing on nine key tenets for success in its implementation worldwide.
Este artículo expone un informe sobre la educación en alfabetización mediática en Ontario. Brinda una visión general del plan de estudios para la alfabetización mediática propuesta por el gobierno regional. Específicamente, describe varias aproximaciones para la enseñanza acerca de los medios, así como la teoría que apuntala los documentos del plan de estudios y las prácticas en el aula. También describe el trabajo de organizaciones y asociaciones clave que ayudaron a priorizar la educación en alfabetización mediática, y ofrece sugerencias para el desarrollo exitoso y la implementación de programas de alfabetización mediática. La conclusión discute los retos y el curso futuro de la alfabetización mediática más allá del caso Ontario, centrándose en nueve tesis clave para el éxito en su implementación en todo el mundo.
Media Education in Turkey: Toward a Multi-Stakeholder Framework
Authors: Orhon E. Nezih 
Published: May 2009

Starting with the 1990s, private radios and televisions were the primary steps in Turkish media’s new structure. At that time, there was no interest in media literacy or media education for people, especially for children. In the past, the emphasis of media literacy education was to protect children and young people from possible harmful effects of media, followed by the critical thinking and development of media messages production skills. This contribution emphasizes the political, social, and economic implications of media messages and stresses the importance of using media effectively. Media literacy and education in Turkey has started with an agreement between the Ministry of National Education and The Radio and Television Supreme Council (RTÜK) in 2006/07 school period.This study uses a critical approach to reflect on what has been done so far in Turkey in terms of media literacy and media education, and what needs to be accomplished in the future.
A partir de los noventa, los canales privados de radio y televisión pusieron las bases de la nueva estructura mediática turca. No hubo en este momento interés alguno por la alfabetización mediática ni por la educación popular sobre los medios de comunicación social, ni siquiera en la juventud. Hasta 2006 no comienzan en Turquía los primeros pasos para una alfabetización y educación mediáticas con un acuerdo entre el Ministerio de Educación y el Consejo Supremo de Radio y Televisión (RTÜK). La agenda de la alfabetización mediática ha de incluir importantes temas, co mo democracia, ciudadanía, derechos humanos, libertad de expresión, identidad, necesidades especiales, cuestiones de discriminación de género… Mediante un enfoque crítico, se reflexiona sobre lo que hasta ahora se ha hecho en Turquía en términos de alfabetización y educación en medios, y lo que se quiere lograr en el futuro.
Investigation of the interactions of quercetin and morin with trypsin
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Mei , Wang Yan‐Qing , Zhou Qiu‐Hua 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe interactions of quercetin and morin with trypsin were investigated by UV–vis absorption, fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence and three‐dimensional fluorescence spectra techniques under physiological pH 7.40. Quercetin and morin effectively quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of trypsin via static quenching. The process of binding quercetin and morin on trypsin was a spontaneous molecular interaction procedure. The binding constants and thermodynamic parameters at two different temperatures, the binding locality and the binding power were obtained. The conformation of trypsin was discussed by synchronous and three‐dimensional fluorescence techniques. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Venous rupture during percutaneous treatment of hemodialysis fistulas and grafts
Authors: Bittl John A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the risk and consequences of venous rupture during angioplasty of malfunctioning hemodialysis grafts and fistulas. Background: Venous stenoses in the outflow limb of hemodialysis accesses often require ultra‐high balloon pressure for optimal dilatation. Methods: Baseline characteristics and outcomes were analyzed for a consecutive series of patients treated between 1999 and 2008. Results: Venous rupture or perforation occurred in 11 of 1242 (0.9%) procedures. No patient with a rupture or perforation died or required emergency or urgent surgical repair. Two of 11 patients (18.2%) required transfusions, 8 of 11 patients (72.7%) required stenting, and 6 of 8 (75.0%) who needed stenting received covered stents to achieve hemostasis. Rupture led to access thrombosis within 30 days in 9 of 11 cases (82%). Multivariable logistical regression analysis suggested that using a balloon catheter more than 2 mm larger than the diameter of the hemodialysis access or using peripheral cutting balloons increased the risk of rupture or perforation. Conclusions: Rupture or perforation is a rare complication of treatment of malfunctioning hemodialysis grafts and fistulas. The complication may be managed with nonsurgical methods and might be avoided by optimal balloon selection and sizing. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Silver(I) Complexes of the Weakly Coordinating Solvents SO2 and CH2Cl2: Crystal Structures, Bonding, and Energetics of [Ag(OSO)][Al{OC(CF3)3}4], [Ag(OSO)2/2][SbF6], and [Ag(CH2Cl2)2][SbF6]
Authors: Decken Andreas , Knapp Carsten , Nikiforov Grigori B. , Passmore Jack , Rautiainen J. Mikko , Wang Xinping , Zeng Xiaoqing 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPushing the limits of coordination chemistry: The most weakly coordinated silver complexes of the very weakly coordinating solvents dichloromethane and liquid sulfur dioxide were prepared. Special techniques at low temperatures and the use of weakly coordinating anions allowed structural characterization of [Ag(OSO)][Al{OC(CF3)3}4], [Ag(OSO)2/2][SbF6], and [Ag(Cl2CH2)2][SbF6] (see figure). An investigation of the bonding shows that these complexes are mainly stabilized by electrostatic monopole–dipole interactions.magnified imageThe synthetically useful solvent‐free silver(I) salt Ag[Al(pftb)4] (pftb=OC(CF3)3) was prepared by metathesis reaction of Li[Al(pftb)4] with Ag[SbF6] in liquid SO2. The solvated complexes [Ag(OSO)][Al(pftb)4], [Ag(OSO)2/2][SbF6], and [Ag(CH2Cl2)2][SbF6] were prepared and isolated by special techniques at low temperatures and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The SO2 complexes provide the first examples of coordination of the very weak Lewis base SO2 to silver(I). The SO2 molecule in [Ag(OSO)][Al(pftb)4] is η1‐O coordinated to Ag+, while the SO2 ligands in [Ag(OSO)2/2][SbF6] bridge two Ag+ ions in an η2‐O,O′ (trans,trans) manner. [Ag(CH2Cl2)2][SbF6] contains [Ag(CH2Cl2)2]+ ions linked through [SbF6]− ions to give a polymeric structure. The solid‐state silver(I) ion affinities (SIA) of SO2 and CH2Cl2, based on bond lengths and corresponding valence units in the corresponding complexes and tensimetric titrations of Ag[Al(pftb)4] and Ag[SbF6] with SO2 vapor, show that SO2 is a weaker ligand to Ag+ than the commonly used weakly coordinating solvent CH2Cl2 and indicated that binding strength of SO2 to silver(I) in the silver(I) salts increases with increasing size of the corresponding counteranion ([Al(pftb)4]−>[SbF6]−). The experimental findings are in good agreement with theoretical gas‐phase ligand‐binding energies of [Ag(L)n]+ (L=SO2, CH2Cl2; n=1, 2) and solid‐state enthalpies obtained from Born–Fajans–Haber cycles by using the volume‐based thermodynamics (VBT) approach. Bonding analysis (VB, NBO, MO) of [Ag(L)n]+ suggests that these complexes are almost completely stabilized by electrostatic interaction, that is, monopole–dipole interaction, with almost no covalent contribution by electron donation from the ligand orbitals into the vacant 5s orbital of Ag+. All experimental findings and theoretical considerations demonstrate that SO2 is less covalently bound to Ag+ than CH2Cl2 and support the thesis that SO2 is a polar but non‐coordinating solvent towards Ag+.
Bilirubin as a determinant for altered neurogenesis, neuritogenesis, and synaptogenesis
Authors: Fernandes Adelaide , Falcão Ana Sofia , Abranches Elsa , Bekman Evguenia , Henrique Domingos , Lanier Lorene M. , Brites Dora 
Published: May 2009

AbstractElevated levels of serum unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) in the first weeks of life may lead to long‐term neurologic impairment. We previously reported that an early exposure of developing neurons to UCB, in conditions mimicking moderate to severe neonatal jaundice, leads to neuritic atrophy and cell death. Here, we have further analyzed the effect of UCB on nerve cell differentiation and neuronal development, addressing how UCB may affect the viability of undifferentiated neural precursor cells and their fate decisions, as well as the development of hippocampal neurons in terms of dendritic and axonal elongation and branching, the axonal growth cone morphology, and the establishment of dendritic spines and synapses. Our results indicate that UCB reduces the viability of proliferating neural precursors, decreases neurogenesis without affecting astrogliogenesis, and increases cellular dysfunction in differentiating cells. In addition, an early exposure of neurons to UCB decreases the number of dendritic and axonal branches at 3 and 9 days in vitro (DIV), and a higher number of neurons showed a smaller growth cone area. UCB‐treated neurons also reveal a decreased density of dendritic spines and synapses at 21 DIV. Such deleterious role of UCB in neuronal differentiation, development, and plasticity may compromise the performance of the brain in later life. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009