bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacodynamic effects of romifidine hydrochloride in the horse
Authors: WOJTASIAK‐WYPART M. , SOMA L. R. , RUDY J. A. , UBOH C. E. , BOSTON R. C. , DRIESSEN B. 
Published: January 2012

Wojtasiak‐Wypart, M., Soma, L. R., Rudy, J. A., Uboh, C. E., Boston, R. C., Driessen, B. Pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacodynamic effects of romifidine hydrochloride in the horse.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 478–488.Romifidine HCl (romifidine) is an α2‐agonist commonly used in horses. This study was undertaken to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of romifidine following intravenous (i.v.) administration and describe the relationship between PK parameters and simultaneously recorded pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters. Romifidine (80 μg/kg) was administered by i.v. infusion over 2 min to six adult Thoroughbred horses, and plasma samples were collected and analyzed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Limit of quantification was <0.1 ng/mL. PD parameters and arterial blood gases were measured for 300 min following romifidine administration. Statistical PD data analysis included mixed‐effect modeling. After i.v. administration of romifidine, the plasma concentration‐vs.‐time curve was best described by a two‐compartmental model. Terminal elimination half‐life (t1/2β) was 138.2 (104.6–171.0) min and volumes for central (Vc) and peripheral (V2) compartments were 1.89 (0.93–2.39) and 2.57 (1.71–4.19) L/kg, respectively. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 51.9 ± 13.1 ng/mL measured at 4 min following commencement of drug administration. Systemic clearance (Cl) was 32.4 (25.5‐38.4) mL·min/kg. Romifidine caused a significant reduction in heart rate and cardiac index and an increase in mean arterial pressure (P < 0.05). Sedation score and head height values were significantly different from the baseline values for 120 min (P < 0.05). The decline in cardiovascular and sedative effects correlated with the decline in plasma romifidine concentration (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a highly sensitive analytical technique for the detection of romifidine in equine plasma allowed detailed description of its PK profile. The drug produces long‐lasting sedation in horses that corresponds with the long terminal elimination half‐life of the drug.
Bladder contractility and urethral resistance relation: What does a pressure flow study tell us?
Authors: Sekido Noritoshi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHydrodynamic analysis of a pressure flow study is the only reliable method to determine the presence or absence of a bladder outlet obstruction, especially benign prostatic obstruction. To interpret the results of pressure flow study in benign prostatic obstruction, understanding the outlines of the basic theory about evaluation of the relationship between bladder contractility and urethral resistance relation is of paramount importance. In contrast, hydrodynamic analysis of pressure flow study in conditions other than benign prostatic obstruction is complicated by the limits of theories about the hydrodynamics of the lower urinary tract. In this review, the proposed hydrodynamic theories about the relationship between bladder contractility and urethral resistance relation are outlined. Then, problems encountered in the application of hydrodynamic analysis of pressure flow study to diseases other than benign prostatic obstruction are discussed.
Gunpowder, the Prince of Wales's feathers and the origins of modern military surgery
Authors: Pearn John 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:  The history of military surgery claims many forebears. The first surgeon‐soldiers were Homer's Machaon and Podalirius, followed a thousand years later by the Roman surgeons‐general, Antonius Musa and Euphorbus; and later, e.g. Ambrose Paré, John Hunter and Sir John Pringle; and the 19th century innovators, Dominique‐Jean Larrey (France), Friedrich von Esmarch (Prussia) and the Russian, Nikolai Pirogoff. The singular feature that distinguished modern military surgery from its earlier practice was the use of gunpowder. It was one of two inventions (the other was printing) that by the empowerment of individuals, lifted Western humankind from the medieval to the modern era.Methods:  Research of primary and secondary archives.Results and conclusion:  Gunpowder was first used in European warfare at Algeceras (1344–1368). Hitherto, the destruction of tissue had been the result of (relative) low‐energy wounding with tissue damage caused by incisional or crushing wounds. The founder of modern surgery, Master John of Arderne (1307–1380), wrote of his experience gained as a military surgeon on the battlefield at Crecy (1346). Following Crecy, Arderne was the only chronicler who described the origins of the Prince of Wales's feathers as a royal and later commercial symbol, and the motto ‘Ich Dien’, ‘I serve’, as that of hospitals in the Western World. Later advances in military surgery incorporated both clinical experimentation and the innovation of new systems of pre‐hospital battlefield care.
Outcomes of the management of post‐chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection‐associated anejaculation
Authors: Hsiao Wayland , Deveci Serkan , Mulhall John P. 
Published: January 2012

Study Type – Outcomes (cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Modern surgical techniques have allowed preservation of fertility in most patients after post‐chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC‐RPLND), but some patients still have infertility after surgery. We reviewed our experience treating infertility in 26 men after PC‐RPLND. Using a structured clinical pathway we obtained sperm in 81% of men for use in assisted reproduction.OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical pathway on sperm retrieval outcomes in patients presenting with infertility after post‐chemotherapy (PC) retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We carried out a retrospective review of patients with advanced testicular cancer, presenting with infertility after PC‐RPLND in a large reproductive urology practice.
We implemented a clinical pathway where pseudoephedrine was first administered. If this medication failed, electroejaculation (EEJ) and/or testicular sperm extraction (TESE) was carried out.
The primary outcome was retrieval of sperm for use in assisted reproduction.
RESULTS
Four men had retrograde ejaculation, of whom two converted to antegrade ejaculation with medical therapy.
In all, 22 patients had failure of emission (FOE) and, of these, no patient converted to antegrade ejaculation with medication.
In patients with FOE, sperm was found in 15/20 of those experiencing a successful EEJ.
Seven patients underwent TESE for azoospermia on EEJ or no ejaculate on EEJ, three of whom had sperm found on TESE.
Sperm was found for assisted reproduction in 81% (21/26) patients.
CONCLUSIONS
There appears to be no role for the use of pseudoephedrine therapy in patients with FOE after PC‐RPLND.
The use of a structured clinical pathway may optimize patient care.
PCA: Prostate Cancer, Patient‐Centred Approach or both?
Authors: Denis Louis , Joniau Steven , Bossi Alberto , Baskin‐Bey Edwina , Fitzpatrick John M. 
Published: January 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Several studies have explored patient‐specific expectations of prostate cancer management, while others have investigated physicians' perceptions. However, the opinions of both groups have seldom been compared in one study. Therefore, the present study compares the results of two surveys, one among physicians and one among patients, on patient–physician communication and patients' expectations of prostate cancer management.The present review aims to highlight the differences and similarities in opinion on prostate cancer management between physicians and patients. It reflects the most important results of two surveys on patient‐specific expectations in prostate cancer management, done among European prostate cancer specialists and patients with prostate cancer. These results are compared with published data. In addition, the authors' opinion on the survey results and on optimal prostate cancer management is included.To evaluate differences and similarities in opinions on and expectations of prostate cancer management between physicians and patients. Two surveys on patient‐specific opinions and expectations in prostate cancer management were done in 2011 among European prostate cancer specialists and patients with prostate cancer. Survey results were complemented with existing published data and with the authors' opinion. Most specialists spent 15–29 min on delivering the diagnosis, and about the same amount of time on explaining treatment options. This time was considered insufficient by 35% and 48% of patients, respectively. There was a large discrepancy between physicians' and patients' opinions about the type of provided prognostic and therapeutic information, indicating that patients may not have completely understood this information. Shared decision‐making was preferred by both patients and specialists. Treatment efficacy was the most important factor determining treatment choice for both groups, while the physician's opinion or experience also had a great impact on patients' treatment choice. Patient‐support groups have an important role in providing relevant information and in exchanging experiences between patients. The supportive role of partners/relatives was more appreciated when discussing treatment options than during diagnosis. Although patients' expectations are generally matched by their caring physician(s), physicians can still improve quality of care by taking adequate time for their patients, by using terminology that is easily understood by patients and by encouraging shared decision‐making. A multidisciplinary team may be an important part of the treatment paradigm, with the individual patient's needs and preferences as the centre of care.
Natural history of lower urinary tract symptoms in Japanese men from a 15‐year longitudinal community‐based study
Authors: Fukuta Fumimasa , Masumori Naoya , Mori Mitsuru , Tsukamoto Taiji 
Published: January 2012

Study Type – Symptom prevalence (cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?There have been few longitudinal community‐based studies on LUTS suggestive of BPH. It is important to determine the natural history of LUTS suggestive of BPH among men in various countries because it is known that there are differences according to race. Although we previously reported a cross‐sectional community‐based survey on LUTS suggestive of BPH in Japanese men, no longitudinal data were available.The present study provides 15‐year longitudinal data on LUTS suggestive of BPH and related variables in Japanese men.OBJECTIVE
To report the natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)/lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in Japanese men.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
From 1992 to 1993, we conducted a cross‐sectional community‐based study on LUTS suggestive of BPH in Japanese men aged 40–79 years.
After 15 fifteen years, a follow‐up study was conducted to determine their longitudinal changes of LUTS.
Of the 319 participants taking part in the initial study, 135 participated again in the follow‐up study.
We investigated International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life index and bother score using a questionnaire, and measured prostate volume (PV), prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level and peak urinary flow rate (Qmax) using a method that we have employed previously.
RESULTS
The change in the total IPSS during 15 years was significant (P= 0.001) and its mean (sd) annual change was 0.11 (0.40).
Although there was little change in the bother score, a significant correlation was observed between changes in the IPSS and bother score (r= 0.528, P < 0.001).
For the individual IPSS and bother scores, only changes in urgency, weak stream and nocturia were significant.
The changes in PV, PSA level and Qmax were significant.
The change in the total IPSS did not correlate with the changes in these variables.
CONCLUSION
In a 15‐year‐longitudinal community‐based study for Japanese men, we have shown that the IPSS and quality of life index deteriorated, PV and PSA level increased, and Qmax decreased.
ECONOMIC FLOWS, SPATIAL FOLDS AND INTRA‐URBAN BORDERS: REFLECTIONS ON CITY CENTRE REDEVELOPMENT PLANS FROM A EUROPEAN BORDER STUDIES PERSPECTIVE
Authors: SPIERINGS BAS 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of recent redevelopment plans and projects for European city centres is to remove intra‐urban ‘borders’ and thereby to promote the profitability of cities. Consumer mobility within city centres is encouraged to facilitate flows of consumption capital and generate consumer spending. Contextualised by international border studies and related EU integration policies, the Van Heekplein redevelopment project in Enschede, the Netherlands, is discussed here to scrutinise the redevelopment focus on economic ‘flows’ in city centres. The paper brings to the fore how European border studies speak to city centre plans and their redevelopment focus – resulting in a critique for ignoring the social production of borders. To achieve a more comprehensive understanding of consumer (im)mobility in city centres and processes of bordering, the paper proposes a perspective on borders as spatial ‘folds’. Analysing four types of folding – the folding of ‘bodies’, ‘forces’, ‘knowledge’ and ‘the outside’– provides both a much more dynamic and kaleidoscopic picture of city centres and their users and a more comprehensive understanding of border perceptions and experiences and related practices of shoppers. Such an analytical perspective and approach not only seems of interest for border‐related studies and policies at the urban level but also at the European level.
THE ‘TEMPLE HOUSE’ AT LATO RECONSIDERED
Authors: GAIGNEROT‐DRIESSEN FLORENCE 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThis paper reconsiders the ‘Temple House’, a building excavated in 1969–70 on the Temple terrace of the site of Lato in eastern Crete. While the building was dated to the Hellenistic (HL) period and identified as domestic space by the excavator, a restudy of the material from the excavation, combined with an examination of the excavation notebooks, and observations on site, reveal a more complex history of use, unusual architectural details, and a heterogeneous range of dates (from Late Minoan (LM) IIIC to HL) and functions, suggesting original funerary and post‐funerary cult contexts. It is possible to recognize the remains of a Subminoan (SM)/Protogeometric (PG) burial and evidence for an Early Iron Age (EIA) and HL tomb cult, allowing a reconsideration of the history of Lato and the process of city‐state formation in eastern Crete.
‘SPROUTING LIKE COCKLE AMONGST THE WHEAT’: THE ST BRICE'S DAY MASSACRE AND THE ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS OF HUMAN BONES FROM ST JOHN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD
Authors: POLLARD A.M. , DITCHFIELD P. , PIVA E. , WALLIS S. , FALYS C. , FORD S. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe recent discovery in St John's College of a mass burial of mostly young adult males with severe perimortem blade trauma has prompted the suggestion that these may be related to the St Brice's Day Massacre in Oxford on 13th November AD 1002. Three radiocarbon determinations suggest that a date in the tenth century is more likely. We have nevertheless undertaken an isotopic study of the bone collagen (δ13C and δ15N) and dental enamel (δ13C, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr) in an attempt to answer the question ‘were these individuals of Danish descent?’ Our conclusion is somewhat ambiguous, but the bone collagen suggests a diet more like other Scandinavian populations than that of local groups, and the enamel isotopes point towards a Scandinavian rather than a lowland English origin. Comparison with Oxford Archaeology's recently excavated Weymouth Ridgeway mass burial suggests, however, that the execution of a captured raiding party is more likely than the slaughter of Oxford inhabitants of Danish descent.
Not All Related Party Transactions (RPTs) Are the Same: Ex Ante Versus Ex Post RPTs
Authors: RYNGAERT MICHAEL , THOMAS SHAWN 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT Related party transactions (RPTs) are potential means for insiders to expropriate outside shareholders via self‐dealing. There are, however, possible benefits to these arrangements for outside shareholders. We find that the overall volume of disclosed RPTs is generally not significantly associated with shareholder wealth as measured by operating profitability or Tobin's Q. However, the results for total RPT volume obscure that ex ante RPTs, transactions that predate a counterparty becoming a related party, are innocuous at worst in terms of their association with operating profitability and significantly positively associated with Tobin's Q whereas ex post RPTs, transactions initiated after a counterparty becomes a related party, are significantly negatively associated with operating profitability. Ex post RPTs also result in significant share price declines when first disclosed and are associated with an increased likelihood that a firm will enter financial distress or deregister its securities. These results are consistent with ex post RPTs serving as means for insiders to expropriate outside shareholders.
Collection and storage of red blood cells with anticoagulant and additive solution with a physiologic pH
Authors: Burger Patrick , Korsten Herbert , Verhoeven Arthur J. , de Korte Dirk , van Bruggen Robin 
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND: A donation of whole blood is most commonly collected in acidic citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose (CPD) variants with pH 5.2 to 6.2 as anticoagulants. Previously, we have shown that the initial pH after red blood cell (RBC) preparation can have an effect on RBCs during storage. First, we investigated the effect of the pH of the anticoagulant on RBCs. Second, we investigated the possibility of decreasing the pH of our new additive solution (AS) phosphate‐adenine‐glucose‐guanosine‐gluconate‐mannitol (PAGGGM) from pH 8.2 to 7.4 in combination with an anticoagulant with a physiologic pH.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Whole blood was collected in CPD (pH 5.6) or trisodiumcitrate (TNC; pH 7.4), and leukoreduced units were prepared using saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol as AS. Second, whole blood was collected in TNC (pH 7.4), and leukoreduced units were prepared using PAGGGM (pH 7.4) or PAGGGM (pH 8.2) as AS. During cold storage, several in vitro characteristics were analyzed.RESULTS: In agreement with our previous findings, the initial pH of whole blood has an effect during storage of RBCs. In the second part we show that there are no differences between PAGGGM (pH 7.4) and PAGGGM (pH 8.2) units when an anticoagulant with a physiologic pH was used.CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the pH of the anticoagulant used during whole blood collection has an effect during storage of RBCs. When an anticoagulant with a physiologic pH is used during whole blood collection, the pH of PAGGGM can be decreased to physiologic levels, while maintaining adenosine triphosphate and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate levels.
Thrombin receptor levels in platelet concentrates during storage and their impact on platelet functionality
Authors: Schlagenhauf Axel , Kozma Noemi , Leschnik Bettina , Wagner Thomas , Muntean Wolfgang 
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND: Quality control of platelet (PLT) concentrates is challenging, due to PLT lesions, which are difficult to detect with routine methods. The search for reliable PLT lesion biomarkers is focused on the role of PLTs in primary hemostasis. PLT transfusions also have a significant impact on secondary hemostasis. In this phase, responsiveness of PLTs to small amounts of thrombin is crucial. PAR1 and PAR4 are protease‐activated receptors and are responsible for thrombin reactivity of human PLTs. This study should elucidate if levels of those two receptors are changing in PLT concentrates during storage and if those changes have an impact on PLT aggregation and support of thrombin generation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PLT concentrates from buffy coat preparations were stored in SSP+ solution for 9 days at 22 ± 2°C on a horizontal flatbed agitator, and samples were taken daily for analysis. PAR1 and PAR4 levels were evaluated using Western blot analysis. PLT aggregation was measured using Born aggregometry and specific PAR1 or PAR4 agonists. Thrombin generation was measured using calibrated automated thrombography.RESULTS: Levels of both receptors (PAR1 and PAR4) started to decrease after 5 days of storage. PAR1‐mediated PLT aggregation remained constant, whereas PAR4‐mediated PLT aggregation decreased with storage time. Rate of thrombin generation was accelerated after 5 days of storage.CONCLUSION: Decreasing levels of PARs in PLT concentrates after 5 days of storage influenced PAR4‐mediated, but not PAR1‐mediated, aggregation. Thrombin generation with senescent PLTs was increased, which may be attributed to other mechanisms promoting increased phosphatidylserine exposure.
A Qualitative Study of Women's Feelings About Future Childbirth: Dread and Delight
Authors: Rilby Linda , Jansson Solveig , Lindblom Britta , Mårtensson Lena B 
Published: January 2012

Introduction: There is extensive knowledge about expectations of and thoughts about childbirth among women who have not given birth. When it comes to women who have given birth to at least 1 child, on the other hand, knowledge about their expectations for a future birth is limited. The purpose of this study is thus to describe the emotions of this group concerning future childbirth.Methods: Participants were 908 women in Sweden who had given birth to at least 1 child. This study is based on responses to the following request in the questionnaire sent out to women 4 to 7 years after they had given birth vaginally: “Please describe your feelings when you think about giving birth in the future.”Results: One‐third of the women responded that they were mostly frightened of future childbirth, while the remaining two‐thirds had mostly positive feelings. The qualitative analysis resulted in 3 categories and 8 subcategories and an overall theme: a mixture of dread and delight. Even with negative feelings/fears about future childbirth, many women want to give birth to more children.Discussion: Despite experiences of severe pain or complications during a previous birth, many women nonetheless looked forward to future childbirth, primarily since they were motivated by having another child and encouraged by having been given good support by the midwife.