bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ohio Appalachian women's perceptions of the cost of cervical cancer screening
Authors: McAlearney Ann Scheck , Song Paula H. , Rhoda Dale A. , Tatum Cathy , Lemeshow Stanley , Ruffin Mack , Harrop J. Phil , Paskett Electra D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Despite evidence of the importance of cervical cancer screening, screening rates in the United States remain below national prevention goals. Women in the Appalachia Ohio region have higher cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates along with lower cancer screening rates. This study explored the expectations of Appalachian Ohio women with regard to Papanicolaou (Pap) test cost and perceptions of cost as a barrier to screening.METHODS:Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 571 women who were part of a multilevel, observational community‐based research program in Appalachia Ohio. Eligible women were identified through 14 participating health clinics and asked questions regarding Pap test cost and perceptions of cost as a barrier to screening. Estimates of medical costs were compared with actual costs reported by clinics.RESULTS:When asked about how much a Pap test would cost, 80% of the women reported they did not know. Among women who reportedly believed they knew the cost, 40% overestimated test cost. Women who noted cost as a barrier were twice as likely to not receive a test within screening guidelines as those who did not perceive a cost barrier. Furthermore, uninsured women were more than 8.5 times as likely to note cost as a barrier than women with private insurance.CONCLUSIONS:Although underserved women in need of cancer screening commonly report cost as a barrier, the findings of the current study suggest that women may have a very limited and often inaccurate understanding concerning Pap test cost. Providing women with this information may help reduce the impact of this barrier to screening. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Perfluoroalkyl Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acids as Proton Conductors for Anhydrous Proton‐Exchange Membranes
Authors: Herath Mahesha B. , Creager Stephen E. , Kitaygorodskiy Alex , DesMarteau Darryl D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA study of proton‐transport rates and mechanisms under anhydrous conditions using a series of acid model compounds, analogous to comb‐branch perfluorinated ionomers functionalized with phosphonic, phosphinic, sulfonic, and carboxylic acid protogenic groups, is reported. Model compounds are characterized with respect to proton conductivity, viscosity, proton, and anion (conjugate base) self‐diffusion coefficients, and Hammett acidity. The highest conductivities, and also the highest viscosities, are observed for the phosphonic and phosphinic acid model compounds. Arrhenius analysis of conductivity and viscosity for these two acids reveals much lower activation energies for ion transport than for viscous flow. Additionally, the proton self‐diffusion coefficients are much higher than the conjugate‐base self‐diffusion coefficients for these two acids. Taken together, these data suggest that anhydrous proton transport in the phosphonic and phosphinic acid model compounds occurs primarily by a structure‐diffusion, hopping‐based mechanism rather than a vehicle mechanism. Further analysis of ionic conductivity and ion self‐diffusion rates by using the Nernst–Einstein equation reveals that the phosphonic and phosphinic acid model compounds are relatively highly dissociated even under anhydrous conditions. In contrast, sulfonic and carboxylic acid‐based systems exhibit relatively low degrees of dissociation under anhydrous conditions. These findings suggest that fluoroalkyl phosphonic and phosphinic acids are good candidates for further development as anhydrous, high‐temperature proton conductors.
A comparative analysis and design of quantum‐dot cellular automata memory cell architecture
Authors: Yang Xiaokuo , Cai Li , Huang Hongtu , Zhao Xiaohui 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYQuantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) nanotechnology is considered as the best candidate for memory system owing to its dense packages and low power consumption. This paper analyzes the drawbacks of the previous QCA memory architectures and improves memory cell that exploits regular clock zone layout by employing two new clocking signals and a compact Read/Write circuit. The proposed layout is verified with the modified QCADesigner simulator and is analyzed by considering the noise effect. This design, occupying only a fraction of the area compared with the previous memory design, has superior performance. It is shown that the clock circuitry is very regular, helping manufacturability for physical implementation. Comparisons show that Read/Write latency of the proposed design is mitigated, the overall cell number, control cell and layout area are reduced (100%), and its performance against random charge noise is presented to be better. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful management of gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow in anorexia nervosa with hematopoietic growth factors
Authors: Charania Roseleen S. , Kern William F. , Charkrabarty Shouvik , Holter Jennifer 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSerous atrophy or gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow (GMT), often seen with severe nutritional deprivation in Anorexia Nervosa (AN), is characterized by hypocellularity and patchy or diffuse replacement of the bone marrow with hyaluronic acid‐like mucopolysaccharide material. Treatment with nutritional support alone is often temporary due to the relapsing nature of AN. We present the case of a patient with pancytopenia due to GMT who had multiple prior hospitalizations for infections and blood transfusions. Nutritional support was inadequate in restoring her bone marrow function. She was successfully treated with hematopoietic growth factors and achieved a sustained hematopoietic recovery. In addition, use of growth factors resulted in a 91% reduction in the cost of health care delivered to this patient. Int J Eat Disord 2010. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantifying structural and physiological controls on variation in canopy transpiration among planted pine and hardwood species in the southern Appalachians
Authors: Ford Chelcy R. , Hubbard Robert M. , Vose James M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecent studies have shown that planted pine stands exhibit higher evapotranspiration (ET) and are more sensitive to climatic conditions compared with hardwood stands. Whether this is due to management and stand effects, biological effects or their interaction is poorly understood. We estimated growing season canopy‐ and sap flux‐scaled leaf‐level transpiration (EcandEL) in five major overstory species over 3 years. Four hardwood species,Liriodendron tulipifera, Caryaspp.,Quercus rubraandQuercus prinus, were measured in an unmanaged watershed.Pinus strobuswas measured in an adjacent planted pine watershed. We hypothesized that (1) species would differ inELand stomatal conductance (GS), and their relationship with vapour pressure deficit (D); and (2) differences in growing season ET between the stands would result primarily from the differences in interception (Ei). Growing season ET in the planted pine stand exceeded hardwood ET by twofold during all 3 years. Transpiration andEicontributed similarly to the ET difference, suggesting that physiological differences were equally as important as structural factors to the overall difference in ET. Among species, meanELandGSdiffered significantly, as did their relationship withD.ELandGSof oaks and hickories were least responsive to changingD, whileL. tulipiferaandP. strobuswere most responsive. This species‐level understanding of variation inELandGSand their interactions with climatic driving variables has important implications for predicting watershed‐level responses to stand management, species invasion and loss, and climate variability. Published in 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The influence of channel bed disturbance on algal biomass in a Colorado mountain stream
Authors: Segura Catalina , McCutchan James H. , Lewis William M. , Pitlick John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effects of channel bed disturbance on benthic chlorophyll a accrual were examined in three reaches of the Williams Fork River, CO, USA. A field calibrated multidimensional hydraulic model was used for estimation of shear‐stress distributions. Sediment grain size was used to determine the critical shear stress for bed movement. Disturbance at a given location is defined as the percentage of time during the growing season that the bed sediment is in motion. This metric was compared with periphyton biomass accrual. Growth control factors including temperature, grazing intensity, nutrient concentrations, and irradiance also were measured. Disturbance mapping showed that the common concept of bed disturbance as a byproduct of high‐flow events is overly simplistic. In the Williams Fork, bed movement occurs constantly over certain portions of the bed, even at low flows. There is a continuum of bed movement, expressed as percentage of the bed in motion, extending from low to high flows. Periphyton biomass accumulated exponentially in all study reaches but accumulation rates were inversely proportional to local disturbance. Periphyton biomass increased by approximately three orders of magnitude across the three reaches, but failed to reach a plateau. A combination of moderate grazing rates, low‐nutrient concentrations, moderately impaired solar irradiance, and, most importantly, low temperatures explains the failure of periphyton biomass to reach a plateau. This study shows that the control of periphyton biomass may be explained in streams by bed disturbance over the growing season plus the separate, superimposed on influence of population growth rate control factors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concerted action of Helios and Ikaros controls the expression of the inositol 5‐phosphatase SHIP
Authors: Alinikula Jukka , Kohonen Pekka , Nera Kalle‐Pekka , Lassila Olli 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIkaros family transcription factors have a key role in lymphoid development, and their aberrant function contributes to a multitude of lymphoid malignancies. Ikaros and Helios bind to similar DNA sequences, and Helios associates with Ikaros‐containing chromatin remodeling complexes. Previously, we have shown that loss of Ikaros leads to diminished BCR‐signaling strength. In this study, we describe a Helios‐deficient chicken DT40 B‐cell line with a BCR signaling phenotype that is the opposite to that of Ikaros‐deficient cells. In contrast to Ikaros‐deficient cells, Helios−/− B cells exhibit increased calcium release to the cytoplasm after BCR crosslinking, but diminished BCR‐induced phosphorylation of signaling molecules. The inositol 5‐phosphatase SHIP, an important regulator in several signaling pathways, is differentially expressed in Ikaros‐ and Helios‐deficient cells. In the absence of Ikaros, SHIP is upregulated, whereas Helios deficiency leads to the downregulation of SHIP expression. We also show with ChIP that Ikaros binds to the promoter of the INPP5D gene‐encoding SHIP. Considering the critical role of SHIP in the BCR signaling pathway, our findings provide insight into the mechanism of how both Helios and Ikaros are involved in the regulation of BCR signaling.
A key role for lung‐resident memory lymphocytes in protective immune responses after BCG vaccination
Authors: Connor Lisa M. , Harvie Marina C. , Rich Fenella J. , Quinn Kylie M. , Brinkmann Volker , Gros Graham Le , Kirman Joanna R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe immune mechanisms that orchestrate protection against tuberculosis as a result of BCG vaccination are not fully understood. We used the immunomodulatory properties of fingolimod (FTY720) treatment to test whether the lung‐resident memory T lymphocytes generated by BCG vaccination were sufficient to maintain immunity against challenge infection with mycobacteria (BCG). Mice were given daily fingolimod treatment, starting either immediately before s.c. BCG vaccination or during subsequent BCG i.n. challenge, to prevent LN effector and memory lymphocytes from entering the periphery either during priming or challenge, respectively. Treatment with fingolimod during vaccination reduced vaccine‐mediated protection against subsequent infection. By contrast, BCG‐vaccinated mice were protected when fingolimod was given during the infectious challenge, suggesting that memory lymphocytes that migrate to the lung following vaccination are sufficient for protection. Notably, the antigen‐reactive IFN‐γ or multicytokine‐producing CD4+ T cells present in the lung when fingolimod was given during BCG challenge did not correlate with protection; however, expression of MHC class II on macrophages isolated from the lungs post BCG challenge was increased in the protected mice. We conclude that protection conferred by BCG vaccination is dependent on memory lymphocytes retained in the lung, although IFN‐γ production by this population is not correlated with vaccine‐mediated protection.
Dinuclear Iridium(III) Complexes Linked by a Bis(β‐diketonato) Bridging Ligand: Energy Convergence versus Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Shin Chang Hwan , Huh Jung Oh , Baek Sun Jong , Kim Sang Kyu , Lee Min Hyung , Do Youngkyu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNovel iridium(III)/iridium(III) and iridium(III)/platinum(II) dinuclear complexes, [{Ir(ppyFF)2}2(μ2‐L)] (4) and [{Ir(ppyFF)2}(μ2‐L){Pt(ppy)}] (5) [ppyFF = 2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)pyridine, ppy = 2‐phenylpyridine, L = 1,3‐bis(3‐phenyl‐3‐oxopropanoyl)benzene], linked by an L bridging ligand were prepared, and their photophysical properties were investigated in solution and in the solid state. The photophysical properties of mononuclear iridium(III) and platinum(II) complexes, [Ir(ppyFF)2(dbm)] (1) and [Pt(ppy)(dbm)] (2) bearing a dibenzoylmethane (dbm) ligand were also compared. Whereas the UV/Vis absorption spectra of 4 and 5 show independent light absorption at each metal‐centered moiety, the photoluminescence spectra of 4 and 5 display almost identical features, but very weak emissions in solution at both room temperature and 77 K. The weak emission in solution is found to mainly originate from a 3LX state of the L bridging ligand, which reflects the occurrence of efficient energy convergence from the triplet states of the Pt(ppy) and Ir(ppyFF) moieties to the 3LX state of L. By contrast, intense orange‐red emission, that is, aggregation‐induced emission, is produced in the solid state of 4 and 5. Inspection of the crystal‐packing structures of 5 reveals that strong intermolecular π–π interactions between the adjacent pyridine rings of ppyFF ligands in the Ir‐centered moieties are responsible for the emissive metal‐to‐ligand–ligand charge‐transfer [3M(LL)CT] state of the solid‐state dinuclear systems. The electrochemical properties of 4 and 5 further indicate that the first two reductions occur at the dbm moieties of the L bridging ligand linked to each metal center, which is consistent with the fact that the lowest‐energy excited state of the L bridging ligand dominates the excited‐state properties of 4 and 5 in solution.
Influence of emulsifier type on lipid oxidation in fish oil‐enriched light mayonnaise
Authors: Sørensen Ann‐Dorit Moltke , Nielsen Nina Skall , Hyldig Grethe , Jacobsen Charlotte 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe oxidative stability of fish oil‐enriched light mayonnaise (40% oil) and the influence of two different emulsifiers, egg yolk and milk protein‐based emulsifier, were evaluated. Moreover, the effects of different fish oil concentrations (4, 10 and 14%) and storage temperatures (2 and 20°C) were investigated. As expected, the results showed that lipid oxidation increased with storage temperature, and at 20°C with increasing fish oil concentrations. On the basis of the findings in this study, a storage temperature of 20°C for 4 months cannot be recommended for light mayonnaise due to significant lipid oxidation even in mayonnaises without fish oil. However, enrichment of light mayonnaises with 4% fish oil without adding antioxidant did not result in increased oxidation when stored at 2°C, and thus seems feasible; however, this has to be confirmed by sensory analysis. Surprisingly, our hypothesis that substitution of egg yolk with a less iron‐containing emulsifier (milk protein‐based emulsifier) could increase the oxidative stability of fish oil‐enriched mayonnaises was not confirmed. These findings suggest that the initial quality of the emulsifiers was more important than its iron content in terms of lipid oxidation.
Enzymatic enrichment of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Nile perch (Lates niloticus) viscera oil
Authors: Mbatia Betty , Adlercreutz Patrick , Mulaa Francis , Mattiasson Bo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOil was extracted from fatty material obtained from Nile perch viscera using the protease Protex 30L. Enrichment of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the glyceride fraction was carried out by hydrolysis of extracted oils with lipases from Candida rugosa, Thermomyces lanuginosus and Pseudomonas cepacia. The unusual fatty acid distribution of the oil influenced the apparent lipase specificity to a large extent. In the unhydrolysed oil, only 16% of EPA was in sn‐2 position while 51% of palmitic acid was located in this position of the triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules. Non‐regioselective lipase from C. rugosa was the most effective in combined enrichment of both EPA and DHA. This was partly because it was able to hydrolyse off palmitic acid from the sn‐2 position, which 1‐, 3‐specific lipases were unable to do. Hydrolysis with C. rugosa lipase enriched EPA from 3 to 6 mol% and DHA from 9 to 23 mol%, with recoveries of 42 and 55%, respectively. The 1‐, 3‐specific lipase from T. lanuginosus was ineffective in enriching EPA, but gave best DHA enrichment, 38 mol% with a recovery of 39%. DHA was rather equally distributed in sn‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 positions of TAG. The results show that both the fatty acid specificity and regiospecificity of the lipase as well as the fatty acid distribution of the oil should be considered when choosing the strategy for fatty acid enrichment.
Characterization of olive fruit microflora and its effect on olive oil volatile compounds biogenesis
Authors: Fakas Stylianos , Kefalogianni Io , Makri Anna , Tsoumpeli Georgia , Rouni Georgia , Gardeli Chryssavgi , Papanikolaou Seraphim , Aggelis George 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOlive fruits of the Greek variety “Amfissis” were stored under industrial conditions and the microorganisms of their microflora were isolated and identified. Selected molds of the microflora were screened for production of lipase and lipoxygenase, two enzymes that are known to contribute in the biogenesis of olive oil aroma compounds through the lipoxygenase pathway. Penicillium strain was identified as the most potent enzyme producer, the yields being 7300 U/L for lipase and 6.8 U/mg for lipoxygenase. Kinetic studies of enzyme production by Penicillium showed that lipase was mostly active at the beginning of growth, while lipoxygenase activity increased gradually and peaked at the end of growth. Next, the effect of the microflora on volatile biogenesis was evaluated by comparing the profiles of volatiles of virgin olive oil versus processed olive oil obtained by extracting olives that were processed by their natural microflora. The volatiles profile showed that the processed olive oil contained novel volatile compounds that could enhance its flavor, but also contained some off‐flavor compounds that could reduce its organoleptic characteristics and thus its quality. Our results show that olive microflora can contribute to the biogenesis of olive oil volatile compounds and thus some of its members could potentially be used to enhance the aroma of olive oil compounds.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted 2,3,4,5‐Tetrahydro‐1H‐3‐benzazepines by Means of the Stevens Rearrangement
Authors: Valpuesta María , Ariza Manuela , Díaz Amelia , Suau Rafael 
Published: July 2010

Abstract1,2‐Disubstituted 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐3‐benzazepines were conveniently obtained by making use of the regio‐ and diastereoselective Stevens rearrangement of the corresponding isoquinolinium salts with 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene in acetonitrile. This procedure has provided a good number of novel analogue compounds of SCH 23390.
The mass media exposure and disordered eating behaviours in Spanish secondary students
Authors: Calado María , Lameiras María , Sepulveda Ana R. , Rodríguez Yolanda , Carrera María V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between disordered eating behaviours/attitudes and mass media exposure in a cross‐sectional national survey of 1165 Spanish secondary students (age between 14 and 16 years). A battery of questionnaires were used to investigate mass media influence, body dissatisfaction, physical appearance, sociocultural attitudes and self‐esteem. Likewise, the EAT‐26 questionnaire was used to assess disordered eating behaviours/attitudes, identifying that 6.6% (n = 32) of the male and 13.6% (n = 68) of the female students reached a cut‐off point of 20 or above. The main finding was that female and male adolescents with disordered eating showed an increased exposure to TV and magazine sections related to body image, specifically regarding music video channels, in comparison with those without eating disordered, gender‐matched counterparts. However, findings indicate that media exposure was different to some degree between males and females with disordered eating behaviour. Males with disordered eating behaviours and attitudes were associated with higher TV and magazine exposure to health sections and also greater body dissatisfaction, internalisation of the thin‐ideal and social and appearance comparison. In females, disordered eating was associated with higher TV and magazine exposure to dieting, fashion and sport sections, greater body dissatisfaction, internalisation and awareness of the thin‐ideal and lower self‐esteem. Understanding the mechanism involved in the media exposure's influence on adolescents is critical in preventing disordered eating. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Trans‐diagnostic outcome of eating disorders: A 30‐month follow‐up study of 629 patients
Authors: Helverskov J.L. , Clausen L. , Mors O. , Frydenberg M. , Thomsen P.H. , Rokkedal K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the 30‐month outcome and predictors of outcome in a cohort of patients with any eating disorder (ED).MethodA naturalistic design was used to determine time to remission, predictors of remission, relapse, diagnostic cross‐over and mortality of 629 patients.ResultsAt follow‐up (FU) 312 patients attended, 42% obtained full remission and 72% partial remission. No differences were found between diagnostic groups for adolescents. Adult patients with anorexia‐like eating disorder not otherwise specified‐anorexia nervosa (EDNOS‐AN) had the poorest outcome. Bulimia‐like EDNOS was the most frequent relapse diagnosis. Bingeing/purging behaviour predicted a poorer outcome for individuals with bulimic disorders. Desired low BMI predicted a poorer outcome for individuals with anorexia. Comorbid personality disorder was a common predictor of a worse outcome.ConclusionAdults with EDNOS‐AN had the poorest prognosis. Bulimic symptoms emerged frequently during FU regardless of diagnosis. Remission rates and outcome predictors were similar to previous findings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.