bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior chest wall inflammation by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in patients with spondyloarthritis: lack of association between clinical and imaging findings in a cross-sectional study
Authors: Weber Ulrich , Lambert Robert GW , Rufibach Kaspar , Maksymowych Walter P , Hodler Juerg , Zejden Anna , Duewell Stefan , Kissling Rudolf O , Filipow Paul L , Jurik Anne G 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Introduction

Inflammatory involvement of the anterior chest wall (ACW) affects the quality of life of patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA), although involvement of the ACW is often neglected on clinical and imaging evaluation. Whole-body (WB) MRI is an imaging method used to assess the ACW in addition to the sacroiliac joints and spine without inconvenience for patients. Our goals in this study were to describe the distribution of ACW inflammation by WB MRI in both early and established SpA and associations between clinical and imaging findings indicative of inflammation.

Methods

The ACWs of 122 consecutive SpA patients (95 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 27 with nonradiographic SpA (nrSpA)) and 75 healthy controls were scanned by sagittal and coronal WB MRI. The MRI scans were scored independently in random order by seven readers blinded to patient identifiers. Active and structural inflammatory lesions of the ACW were recorded on a web-based data entry form. ACW pain by patient self-report, ACW tenderness on physical examination according to the Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score (MASES) and lesions detected by MRI were analyzed descriptively. κ statistics served to assess the agreement between clinical and imaging findings.

Results

ACW pain or tenderness was present in 26% of patients, with little difference between AS and nrSpA patients. Bone marrow edema (BME), erosion and fat infiltration were recorded in 44.3%, 34.4% and 27.0% of SpA patients and in 9.3%, 12.0% and 5.3% of controls, respectively. Lesions found by MRI occurred more frequently in AS patients (BME, erosion and fat infiltration in 49.5%, 36.8% and 33.7%, respectively) than in nrSpA patients (25.9%, 25.9% and 3.7%, respectively). The joint most frequently affected by lesions found on MRI scans was the manubriosternal joint. The κ values between clinical assessments and MRI inflammation ranged from -0.10 to only 0.33 for both AS and nrSpA patients.

Conclusions

Among SpA patients, 26% had clinical involvement of the ACW. WB MRI signs of ACW inflammation were found in a substantial proportion of patients with AS (49.5%) and nrSpA (25.9%). There was no association between clinical assessments of ACW, including the MASES, and MRI features.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with risk for contralateral breast cancer in the Women's Environment, Cancer, and Radiation Epidemiology (WECARE) Study
Authors: Teraoka Sharon N , Bernstein Jonine L , Reiner Anne S , Haile Robert W , Bernstein Leslie , Lynch Charles F , Malone Kathleen E , Stovall Marilyn , Capanu Marinela , Liang Xiaolin , Smith Susan A , Mychaleckyj Josyf , Hou Xuanlin , Mellemkjaer Lene , Boice John D , Siniard Ashley , Duggan David , Thomas Duncan C ,   The WECARE Study Collaborative Group, and Patrick Concannon
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Genome-wide association studies, focusing primarily on unilateral breast cancer, have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a number of genomic regions that have alleles associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer. In the current study we evaluate the contributions of these previously identified regions to the risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. The most strongly disease-associated SNPs from prior studies were tested for association with contralateral breast cancer. A subset of these SNPs, selected upon their main effects on contralateral breast cancer risk was further evaluated for interaction with treatment modalities and estrogen receptor (ER) status.

Methods
We genotyped 21 SNPs in 708 women with contralateral breast cancer and 1394 women with unilateral breast cancer who serve as the cases and controls in the Women's Environment, Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology (WECARE) Study. Records of treatment and ER status were available for most of WECARE Study participants. Associations of SNP genotypes and risk for contralateral breast cancer were calculated with multivariable adjusted conditional logistic regression methods.

Results
Multiple SNPs in the FGFR2 locus were significantly associated with contralateral breast cancer, including rs1219648 (per allele rate ratio (RR) = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.08-1.45). Statistically significant associations with contralateral breast cancer were also observed at rs7313833, near the PTHLH gene (per allele RR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.08-1.47), rs13387042 (2q35) (per allele RR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.02-1.37), rs13281615 (8q24) (per allele RR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.04-1.40), and rs11235127 near TMEM135 (per allele RR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.04-1.53). The A allele of rs13387042 (2q35) was significantly associated with contralateral breast cancer in ER negative first tumors while the A allele of rs11235127 (near TMEM135) was significantly associated with contralateral breast cancer in ER positive first tumors. Although some SNP genotypes appeared to modify contralateral breast cancer risk with respect to tamoxifen treatment or particular radiation doses, trend tests for such effects were not significant.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that some common risk variants associated with primary breast cancer also increase risk for contralateral breast cancer, and that these risks vary with the ER status of the first tumor.
Breast cancer incidence and case fatality among 4.7 million women in relation to social and ethnic background: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Beiki Omid , Hall Per , Ekbom Anders , Moradi Tahereh 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Incidence of breast cancer is increasing around the world and it is still the leading cause of cancer mortality in low- and middle-income countries. We utilized Swedish nationwide registers to study breast cancer incidence and case fatality to disentangle the effect of socioeconomic position (SEP) and immigration from the trends in native Swedes.

Methods
A nation-wide cohort of women in Sweden was followed between 1961 and 2007 and incidence rate ratio (IRR) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Poisson and Cox proportional regression models, respectively.

Results
Incidence continued to increase; however, it remained lower among immigrants (IRR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.86 to 0.90) but not among immigrants' daughters (IRR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.94 to 1.01) compared to native Swedes. Case fatality decreased over the last decades and was similar in native Swedes and immigrants. However, case fatality was significantly 14% higher if cancer was diagnosed after age 50 and 20% higher if cancer was diagnosed in the most recent years among immigrants compared with native Swedes. Women with the highest SEP had significantly 20% to 30% higher incidence but had 30% to 40% lower case fatality compared with women with the lowest SEP irrespective of country of birth. Age at immigration and duration of residence significantly modified the incidence and case fatality.

Conclusions
Disparities found in case fatality among immigrants by age, duration of residence, age at immigration and country of birth emphasize the importance of targeting interventions on women that are not likely to attend screenings or are not likely to adhere to the therapy suggested by physicians. The lower risk of breast cancer among immigrant women calls for more knowledge about how the lifestyle factors in these women differ from those with high risk, so that preventative measures may be implemented.
Effect of spontaneous breathing on ventilator-induced lung injury in mechanically ventilated healthy rabbits: a randomized, controlled, experimental study
Authors: Xia Jingen , Sun Bing , He Hangyong , Zhang Heng , Wang Chunting , Zhan Qingyuan 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), one of the most serious complications of mechanical ventilation (MV), can impact patients' clinical prognoses. Compared to control ventilation, preserving spontaneous breathing can improve many physiological features in ventilated patients, such as gas distribution, cardiac performance, and ventilation-perfusion matching. However, the effect of spontaneous breathing on VILI is unknown. The goal of this study was to compare the effects of spontaneous breathing and control ventilation on lung injury in mechanically-ventilated healthy rabbits.

Methods
Sixteen healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly placed into a spontaneous breathing group (SB Group) and a control ventilation group (CV Group). Both groups were ventilated for eight hours using biphasic positive airway pressure (BIPAP) with similar ventilator parameters: inspiration pressure (PI) resulting in a tidal volume (VT) of 10 to 15 ml/kg, inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio of 1:1, positive end-expiration pressure (PEEP) of 2 cmH2O, and FiO2 of 0.5. Inflammatory markers in blood serum, lung homogenates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), total protein levels in BALF, mRNA expressions of selected cytokines in lung tissue, and lung injury histopathology scores were determined.

Results
Animals remained hemodynamically stable throughout the entire experiment. After eight hours of MV, compared to the CV Group, the SB Group had lower PaCO2 values and ratios of dead space to tidal volume, and higher lung compliance. The levels of cytokines in blood serum and BALF in both groups were similar, but spontaneous breathing led to significantly lower cytokine mRNA expressions in lung tissues and lower lung injury histological scores.

Conclusions
Preserving spontaneous breathing can not only improve ventilatory function, but can also attenuate selected markers of VILI in the mechanically-ventilated healthy lung.
FIBTEM provides early prediction of massive transfusion in trauma
Authors: Schöchl Herbert , Cotton Bryan , Inaba Kenji , Nienaber Ulrike , Fischer Henrik , Voelckel Wolfgang , Solomon Cristina 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Prediction of massive transfusion (MT) among trauma patients is difficult in the early phase of trauma management. Whole-blood thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) tests provide immediate information about the coagulation status of acute bleeding trauma patients. We investigated their value for early prediction of MT.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients admitted to the AUVA Trauma Centre, Salzburg, Austria, with an injury severity score ≥16, from whom blood samples were taken immediately upon admission to the emergency room (ER). ROTEM® analyses (extrinsically-activated test with tissue factor (EXTEM), intrinsically-activated test using ellagic acid (INTEM) and fibrin-based extrinsically activated test with tissue factor and the platelet inhibitor cytochalasin D (FIBTEM) tests) were performed. We divided patients into two groups: massive transfusion (MT, those who received ≥10 units red blood cell concentrate within 24 hours of admission) and non-MT (those who received 0 to 9 units).

Results
Of 323 patients included in this study (78.9% male; median age 44 years), 78 were included in the MT group and 245 in the non-MT group. The median injury severity score upon admission to the ER was significantly higher in the MT group than in the non-MT group (42 vs 27, P < 0.0001). EXTEM and INTEM clotting time and clot formation time were significantly prolonged and maximum clot firmness (MCF) was significantly lower in the MT group versus the non-MT group (P < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Of patients admitted with FIBTEM MCF 0 to 3 mm, 85% received MT. The best predictive values for MT were provided by hemoglobin and Quick value (area under receiver operating curve: 0.87 for both parameters). Similarly high predictive values were observed for FIBTEM MCF (0.84) and FIBTEM A10 (clot amplitude at 10 minutes; 0.83).

Conclusions
FIBTEM A10 and FIBTEM MCF provided similar predictive values for massive transfusion in trauma patients to the most predictive laboratory parameters. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Corbett Steven , Light Ann , Scolari Carlos A. 
Published: January 2012

REALITY TELEVISION: MERGING THE GLOBAL AND THE LOCAL, AMIR HETSRONI (ED.) (2010) New York: Nova Science Publishers Inc, 295 pp., ISBN: 9781616683153 (hbk), £120.99
EXHALE, KEITH PIPER, KOOJ CHUHAN, AIDAN JOLLY ET AL. (2007) Virtual Migrants, www.virtualmigrants.com, £15.99
(DVD, audio-CD, CD-ROM)
THE INFORMATION: A HISTORY, A THEORY, A FLOOD, JAMES GLEICK (2011) London: Fourth State, 526 pp., ISBN: 9780007423118 (hbk), £14.99
Pharmacokinetics of Ampicillin/Sulbactam in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury undergoing Extended Dialysis
Authors: Lorenzen Johan M. , Broll Michael , Kaever Volkhard , Burhenne Heike , Hafer Carsten , Clajus Christian , Knitsch Wolfgang , Burkhardt Olaf , Kielstein Jan T. 
Published: January 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
The fixed antibacterial combination of ampicillin and sulbactam is frequently used for various infections. Intact kidneys eliminate approximately 71% of ampicillin and 78% of sulbactam. Patients on thrice-weekly low-flux hemodialysis exhibit an ampicillin t
1/2 of 2.3 hours on and 17.4 hours off dialysis. Despite its frequent use in intensive care units, there are no available dosing recommendations for patients with AKI undergoing renal replacement therapy. The aims of this study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin/sulbactam in critically ill patients with AKI undergoing extended dialysis (ED) and to establish a dosing recommendation for this treatment method.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Twelve critically ill patients with anuric AKI being treated with ED were enrolled in a prospective, open-label, observational pharmacokinetic study. Pharmacokinetics after a single dose of ampicillin/sulbactam (2 g/1 g) was obtained in 12 patients. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics after 4 days of twice-daily ampicillin/sulbactam (2 g/1 g) was obtained in three patients.

Results
The mean dialyzer clearance for ampicillin/sulbactam was 80.1±7.7/83.3±12.1 ml/min. The t
1/2 of ampicillin and sulbactam in patients with AKI undergoing ED were 2.8±0.8 hours and 3.5±1.5 hours, respectively. There was no significant accumulation using a twice-daily dosage of 2 g/1 g ampicillin/sulbactam.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that in patients treated with ED using a high-flux dialyzer (polysulphone, 1.3 m2; blood and dialysate flow, 160 ml/min; treatment time, 480 minutes), a twice-daily dosing schedule of at least 2 g/1 g ampicillin/sulbactam, with one dose given after ED, should be used to avoid underdosing.
Obesity and Mortality Risk among Younger Dialysis Patients
Authors: Hoogeveen Ellen K. , Halbesma Nynke , Rothman Kenneth J. , Stijnen Theo , van Dijk Sandra , Dekker Friedo W. , Boeschoten Elisabeth W. , de Mutsert Renée 
Published: January 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Many studies show that obesity in dialysis patients is not strongly associated with mortality but not whether this modest association is constant over age. This study investigated the extent to which the relation of body mass index (BMI) and mortality differs between younger and older dialysis patients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Adult dialysis patients were prospectively followed from their first dialysis treatment for 7 years or until death or transplantation. Patients were stratified by age (<65 or ≥65 years) and baseline BMI (<20, 20–24 [reference], 25–29, and ≥30 kg/m2).

Results
The study sample included 984 patients younger than 65 years and 765 patients 65 years or older; cumulative survival proportions at end of follow-up were 50% and 16%. Age-standardized mortality rate was 1.7 times higher in obese younger patients than those with normal BMI, corresponding to an excess rate of 5.2 deaths/100 patient-years. Mortality rates were almost equal between obese older patients and those with normal BMI. Excess rates of younger and older patients with low compared with normal BMI were 8.7 and 1.1 deaths/100 patient-years. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, comorbidity, and treatment modality, hazard ratios by increasing BMI were 2.00, 1, 0.95, and 1.57 for younger patients and 1.07, 1, 0.88, and 0.91 for older patients, implying that obesity is a 1.7-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.1- to 2.9-fold) stronger risk factor in younger than older patients.

Conclusions
In contrast to older dialysis patients, younger patients with low or very high BMI had a substantially elevated risk for death.
Productivity of lakes varying in water mass dynamics
Authors: Grochowska Jolanta , Wiśniewski Grzegorz , Tandyrak Renata 
Published: January 2012

Productivity of lakes varying in water mass dynamicsThe aim of the study was to reveal differences in the productivity of lakes varying distinctively in water mass dynamics, as shown by the examples of Lakes Track, Miodówko and Szeląg Wielki situated in the Olsztyńskie Lake District. The selected lakes are also characteristic for a high content of nutrients. The analysis of the obtained results has revealed that in the peak of the summer stagnation the productivity was the highest in the polymictic Lake Track. The content of chlorophyll a, which is a measure of primary production, in the Track waters reached the value of 123 mg m-3 whereas the water transparency measured as the visibility of a Secchi disc was below 0.6 m. The lowest primary production in the summer was observed in the bradymictic Lake Miodówko. The transparency of water in this lake was nearly 3 m while the content of chlorophyll a merely 1.7 mg m-3. Lake Szeląg Wielki, featuring the characteristics of a eumictic reservoir, in the peak of the summer period was noted for the average values of the analysed parameters (1.2 m water transparency, 40.3 mg m-3 chlorophyll a).
Natural and anthropogenic influences on ice formation on various water bodies of the Silesian Upland (southern Poland)
Authors: Solarski Maksymilian , Pradela Alicja , Rzętała Mariusz 
Published: January 2012

Natural and anthropogenic influences on ice formation on various water bodies of the Silesian Upland (southern Poland)The aim of the study was to identify patterns of ice-related phenomena on 39 selected anthropogenic water bodies in the Silesian Upland in southern Poland. The core research was conducted in the winter season of 2009/2010, between December and March. Field measurements and observations were conducted every two days during the freezing and thawing phases and every four days at the time of continuous ice cover. Data were interpolated to cover days without observations. Differences in the ice cover phenology on these water bodies were caused by natural conditions (morphometric and hydro-meteorological) and human activity (thermal pollution). Two principal groups of anthropogenic water bodies were identified in terms of the ice phenomena: lakes and ponds with a natural or quasi-natural pattern of ice phenomena and water bodies featuring various degrees of human impact. The thickness of the ice-cover was found to vary, which was a source of great danger to the users of the water bodies in the winter season.
Density and distribution of a colonizing front of the American black bear Ursus americanus
Authors: Frary Vincent J. , Duchamp Joseph , Maehr David S. , Larkin Jeffery L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEffective management of small expanding populations is aided by the availability of reliable estimates of distribution, as well as by demographic characteristics such as population density, genetic diversity and sex ratio. The range of the black bear Ursus americanus in the southeastern United States is expanding to include areas from which it has been extirpated for more than a century. Lack of baseline demographic data in recently reoccupied areas leaves little information on which to base emerging management needs. We estimated the current extent of expansion at the colonizing front of a black bear population in the central Appalachian Mountains and identified landscape‐scale habitat characteristics affecting the expansion. In 2007, we genotyped hair samples collected throughout a 8,205‐km2area at six microsatellite loci to identify individual black bears and estimate genetic diversity. We used capture‐recapture and occupancy analyses to estimate density and distribution of black bears in our study area. Our results suggest that black bears were not uniformly distributed, but were localized to high elevations and protected public conservation lands. Limited availability of high elevations to the west, north and northeast of our study area may limit further expansion. Despite a limited distribution and low estimated population density (7.51 bears/100 km2), genetic diversity at genotyped loci was high (mean Ho= 0.81). Until the population grows further, the small number of individuals in the region may be sensitive to management practices that result in mortalities, especially to females. Our research exemplifies the utility of remote genetic sampling to estimate population demographics of wide‐ranging mammals throughout a large study area, particularly where private land ownership hinders intensive study.
Effects of density dependence on diet composition of North American elk Cervus elaphus and mule deer Odocoileus hemionus: an experimental manipulation
Authors: Stewart Kelley M. , Bowyer R. Terry , Dick Brian L. , Kie John G. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe examined interactions related to resource partitioning and competition with density‐dependent processes among mule deer Odocoileus hemionus and North American elk Cervus elaphus at two different population densities of elk. We used an experimental approach to examine changes in diet diversity, selection of diets, dietary importance, niche breadth and overlap among sympatric species of large herbivores with changes in population density of one species. We hypothesized that diets of both species would change with changing population density and dietary niche would be expanded to include forages of lower quality in the areas with increased competition for resources. We used microhistological analysis corrected for differential digestibility of forages to estimate diets of mule deer and elk from faeces in two study areas with high and low population densities of elk. For both mule deer and elk, dietary niche was expanded in the high‐density area compared with the low‐density area, and included forages of lower quality and palatability. Our results indicate that negative feedbacks associated with density‐dependent processes interact with competitive interactions among sympatric species of large herbivores.