bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting TUBB3 Suppresses Anoikis Resistance and Bone Metastasis in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Dong Bingqi , Gu Yanlun , Sun Xiaojiao , Wang Xin , Zhou Ying , Rong Zhuona , Zhang Jixin , Shi Xuedong , Zhang Zhuo , He Xu , Chen Lin , Xiong Qingqing , Pang Xiaocong , Cui Yimin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBone metastases occur in more than 70% of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients, leading to a poor prognosis. Resistance to detachment‐induced apoptosis, also known as anoikis, plays a crucial role in the onset of tumor metastasis. Targeting anoikis resistance is of immense therapeutic significance in repression of metastatic spread. In this study, based on an anoikis‐related prognostic risk model of PCa, this study identifies TUBB3 as a key anoikis‐related prognostic gene that is highly expressed in bone metastatic PCa. TUBB3 expression is increased in anoikis‐resistant PCa cells, and TUBB3 depletion significantly reverses anoikis resistance during extracellular matrix (ECM) detachment and inhibits anoikis‐resistance‐induced PCa cell invasion and migration as well as epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. TUBB3 knockdown significantly reduces αvβ3/FAK/Src axis activation, blocking its downstream oncogenic signaling. In addition, this work develops bone‐targeting lipid nanoparticles (BT‐LNP) based on bisphosphonate‐modified ionizable lipid for systemic delivery of siRNA targeting TUBB3 (siTUBB3). BT‐LNP‐delivered siTUBB3 therapy with localization in the bone microenvironment significantly attenuate PCa bone metastasis progression in vivo upon intravenous administration. These findings pinpoint that TUBB3, as a key regulator of anoikis resistance, is an effective therapeutic target in bone metastatic PCa and that BT‐LNP‐mediated systemic delivery of siTUBB3 can be developed as a novel therapeutic strategy for this disease.
5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural and its Downstream Chemicals: A Review of Catalytic Routes
Authors: Chen Chunlin , Lv Mingxin , Hu Hualei , Huai Liyuan , Zhu Bin , Fan Shilin , Wang Qiuge , Zhang Jian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiomass assumes an increasingly vital role in the realm of renewable energy and sustainable development due to its abundant availability, renewability, and minimal environmental impact. Within this context, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), derived from sugar dehydration, stands out as a critical bio‐derived product. It serves as a pivotal multifunctional platform compound, integral in synthesizing various vital chemicals, including furan‐based polymers, fine chemicals, and biofuels. The high reactivity of HMF, attributed to its highly active aldehyde, hydroxyl, and furan ring, underscores the challenge of selectively regulating its conversion to obtain the desired products. This review highlights the research progress on efficient catalytic systems for HMF synthesis, oxidation, reduction, and etherification. Additionally, it outlines the techno‐economic analysis (TEA) and prospective research directions for the production of furan‐based chemicals. Despite significant progress in catalysis research, and certain process routes demonstrating substantial economics, with key indicators surpassing petroleum‐based products, a gap persists between fundamental research and large‐scale industrialization. This is due to the lack of comprehensive engineering research on bio‐based chemicals, making the commercialization process a distant goal. These findings provide valuable insights for further development of this field.
Unzippable Siamese Nanoparticles for Programmed Two‐Stage Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Long Mei , Zhou Yanfeng , Guo Daoxia , Zhu Qingyun , Liang Huan , Ji Xiaoyuan , Chen Nan , Song Haiyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEpigenetic drugs (epi‐drugs) can destruct cancer cells and initiate both innate and adaptive immunity, yet they have achieved very limited success in solid tumors so far, partly attributing to their concurrent induction of the myeloid‐derived suppressor cell (MDSC) population. Here, dissociable Siamese nanoparticles (SIANPs) are developed for tumor cell‐targeted delivery of epi‐drug CM‐272 and MDSC‐targeted delivery of small molecule inhibitor Ibrutinib. The SIANPs are assembled via interparticle DNA annealing and detached via tumor microenvironment‐triggered strand separation. Such binary regulation induces endogenous retrovirus expression and immunogenic cell death in tumor cells while restraining the immunosuppressive effects of MDSCs, and synergistically promotes dendritic cell maturation and CD8+ T cell activation for tumor inhibition. Significantly, immune microenvironment remodeling via SIANPs further overcomes tumor resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. This study represents a two‐pronged approach for orchestrating immune responses, and paves a new way for employing epi‐drugs in cancer immunotherapy.
Hybrid Surface Modification and Bulk Doping Enable Spent LiCoO2 Cathodes for High‐Voltage Operation
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Han Miaomiao , Zhang Shengbo , Li Huaimeng , Wu Xi , Fu Zhen , Zhang Haimin , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Yunxia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe emerging market demand for high‐energy‐density of energy storage devices is pushing the disposal of end‐of‐life LiCoO2 (LCO) to shift toward sustainable upgrading into structurally stable high‐voltage cathode materials. Herein, an integrated bulk and surface commodification strategy is proposed to render spent LCO (S‐LCO) to operate at high voltages, involving bulk Mn doping, near surface P gradient doping, and Li3PO4/CoP (LPO/CP) coating on the LCO surface to yield upcycled LCO (defined as MP‐LCO@LPO/CP). Benefiting from hybrid surface coating with Li+‐conductive Li3PO4 (LPO) and electron conductive CoP (CP) coupled with Mn and P co‐doping, the optimized MP‐LCO@LPO/CP cathode exhibits enhanced high‐voltage performance, delivering an initial discharge capacity of 218.8 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C with excellent capacity retention of 80.9% (0.5 C) after 200 cycles at a cut‐off voltage of 4.6 V, along with 96.3% of capacity retention over 100 cycles at 4.5 V. These findings may afford meaningful construction for the upcycling of commercial S‐LCO into next‐generation upmarket cathode materials through the elaborate surface and bulk modification design.
Imidazolidine‐Pyrroloimidazolone Pyridine‐Ni(acac)2 Complex Catalyzed Asymmetric Darzens Reaction of Isatins with Phenacyl Chlorides: A Chiral Amplification Effect
Authors: Wang Han‐Le , Wei Tao , Bi Ru‐Yun , Xie Ming‐Sheng , Guo Hai‐Ming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith phenacyl chlorides as simple nucleophilic species, the asymmetric Darzens reaction of isatins using Ni(acac)2 as the Lewis acid and imidazolidine‐pyrroloimidazolone pyridine as the ligand is reported. In the presence of 1 mol% of the catalyst, diverse spiro‐epoxyoxindoles with two new contiguous stereocenters were afforded in 82–99% yields, >20:1 dr, with 91–99% ee. Chiral spiro‐epoxyoxindoles could undergo ring‐opening reactions in further transformations. The developed method was applied to the derivatization of complex molecules including indomethacin, gemfibrozil, and febuxostat‐derived α‐chloroketones. A strong positive nonlinear effect was observed, which was caused by the precipitation of a less‐soluble racemic catalyst complex.
Asymmetric CapMix Device Exploiting Functionalized Graphene Oxide and SPEEK Coatings for Improved Energy Harvesting From Salinity Gradients
Authors: Pedico Alessandro , Molino Davide , Zaccagnini Pietro , Bocchini Sergio , Bertana Valentina , Lamberti Andrea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work investigated the possibility of using functionalized graphene oxide and sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) coatings on activated carbons to obtain an asymmetric device suitable for Capacitive Mixing (CapMix) application. Herein the synthesis and fabrication procedures of both materials and electrodes are reported, together with a comprehensive list of electrochemical characterization techniques. The results from the electrochemical characterization are used to design the optimal operational parameters for CapMix experiments involving the materials being studied. A homemade cell is designed and fabricated for CapMix application by polymer micromachining. Electrochemical tests are conducted to optimize the process parameters and the results of this optimization are reported, proving that both the materials and the process parameters play a key role in CapMix. The final device can generate a net power output of 12 mW m−2 by mixing simulated seawater and freshwater. This result paved the way for further application of graphene oxide in the field of renewable energy.
Circumscribing Laser Cuts Attenuate Seizure Propagation in a Mouse Model of Focal Epilepsy
Authors: Lieberman Seth , Rivera Daniel A. , Morton Ryan , Hingorani Amrit , Southard Teresa L. , Johnson Lynn , Reukauf Jennifer , Radwanski Ryan E. , Zhao Mingrui , Nishimura Nozomi , Bracko Oliver , Schwartz Theodore H. , Schaffer Chris B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn partial onset epilepsy, seizures arise focally in the brain and often propagate. Patients frequently become refractory to medical management, leaving neurosurgery, which can cause neurologic deficits, as a primary treatment. In the cortex, focal seizures spread through horizontal connections in layers II/III, suggesting that severing these connections can block seizures while preserving function. Focal neocortical epilepsy is induced in mice, sub‐surface cuts are created surrounding the seizure focus using tightly‐focused femtosecond laser pulses, and electrophysiological recordings are acquired at multiple locations for 3–12 months. Cuts reduced seizure frequency in most animals by 87%, and only 5% of remaining seizures propagated to the distant electrodes, compared to 80% in control animals. These cuts produced a modest decrease in cortical blood flow that recovered and left a ≈20‐µm wide scar with minimal collateral damage. When placed over the motor cortex, cuts do not cause notable deficits in a skilled reaching task, suggesting they hold promise as a novel neurosurgical approach for intractable focal cortical epilepsy.
Kidney Organoid Modeling of WT1 Mutations Reveals Key Regulatory Paths Underlying Podocyte Development
Authors: Wang Gang , Wu Hangdi , Zhai Xiuwen , Zhang Li , Zhang Changming , Cheng Chen , Xu Xiaodong , Gao Erzhi , Xiong Xushen , Zhang Jin , Liu Zhihong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWilms tumor‐1(WT1) is a crucial transcription factor that regulates podocyte development. However, the epigenomic mechanism underlying the function of WT1 during podocyte development has yet to be fully elucidated. Here, single‐cell chromatin accessibility and gene expression maps of foetal kidneys and kidney organoids are generated. Functional implications of WT1‐targeted genes, which are crucial for the development of podocytes and the maintenance of their structure, including BMPER/PAX2/MAGI2 that regulates WNT signaling pathway, MYH9 that maintains actin filament organization and NPHS1 that modulates cell junction assembly are identified. To further illustrate the functional importance of WT1‐mediated transcriptional regulation during podocyte development, cultured and implanted patient‐derived kidney organoids derived from the Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSCs) of a patient with a heterozygous missense mutation in WT1 are generated. Results from single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and functional assays confirm that the WT1 mutation leads to delays in podocyte development and causes damage to cell structures, due to its failure to activate the targeting genes MAGI2, MYH9, and NPHS1. Notably, correcting the mutation in the patient iPSCs using CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing rescues the podocyte phenotype. Collectively, this work elucidates the WT1‐related epigenomic landscape with respect to human podocyte development and identifies the disease‐causing role of a WT1 mutation.
Machine‐Learning‐Assisted Discovery of Mechanosynthesized Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites for the Oxidative Photocatalytic Cleavage of Alkenes
Authors: Xiao Yonghao , Choudhuri Khokan , Thanetchaiyakup Adisak , Chan Wei Xin , Hu Xinwen , Sadek Mansour , Tam Ying Hern , Loh Ryan Guanying , Shaik Mohammed Sharifah Nadhirah Binte , Lim Kendric Jian Ying , Ten Ju Zheng , Garcia Felipe , Chellappan Vijila , Choksi Tej S. , Lim Yee‐Fun , Soo Han Sen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLead‐free metal halide perovskites can potentially be air‐ and water‐stable photocatalysts for organic synthesis, but there are limited studies on them for this application. Separately, machine learning (ML), a critical subfield of artificial intelligence, has played a pivotal role in identifying correlations and formulating predictions based on extensive datasets. Herein, an iterative workflow by incorporating high‐throughput experimental data with ML to discover new lead‐free metal halide perovskite photocatalysts for the aerobic oxidation of styrene is described. Through six rounds of ML optimization guided by SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis, BA2CsAg0.95Na0.05BiBr7 as a photocatalyst that afforded an 80% yield of benzoic acid under the standard conditions is identified, which is a 13‐fold improvement compared to the 6% with when using Cs2AgBiBr6 as the initial photocatalyst benchmark that is started. BA2CsAg0.95Na0.05BiBr7 can tolerate various functional groups with 22 styrene derivatives, highlighting the generality of the photocatalytic properties demonstrated. Radical scavenging studies and density functional theory calculations revealed that the formation of the reactive oxygen species superoxide and singlet oxygen in the presence of BA2CsAg0.95Na0.05BiBr7 are critical for photocatalysis.
Peptide Boronic Acids by Late‐Stage Hydroboration on the Solid Phase
Authors: Werner Marius , Brinkhofer Julian , Hammermüller Leon , Heim Thomas , Pham Truc Lam , Huber Jonas , Klein Christian , Thomas Franziska 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganoboron compounds have a wide range of applications in numerous research fields, and methods to incorporate them in biomolecules are much sought after. Here, on‐resin chemical syntheses of aliphatic and vinylogous peptide boronic acids are presented by transition metal‐catalyzed late‐stage hydroboration of alkene and alkyne groups in peptides and peptoids, for example on allyl‐ and propargylglycine residues, using readily available chemicals. These methods yield peptide boronic acids with much shorter linkers than previously reported on‐resin methods. Furthermore, the methods are regio‐ and stereoselective, compatible with all canonical amino acid residues and can be applied to short, long, and in part even “difficult” peptide sequences. In a feasibility study, the protected peptide vinylboronic acids are further derivatized by the Petasis reaction using salicylaldehyde derivatives. The ability of the obtained peptide boronic acids to reversibly bind to carbohydrates is demonstrated in a catch‐release model experiment using a fluorescently labeled peptide boronic acid on cross‐linked dextran beads. In summary, this highlights the potential of the target compounds for drug discovery, glycan‐specific target recognition, controlled release, and diagnostics.
Engineering Efferocytosis‐Mimicking Nanovesicles to Regulate Joint Anti‐Inflammation and Peripheral Immunosuppression for Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy
Authors: Yuan Shanshan , Chai Yingqian , Xu Jianghua , Wang Youchao , Jiang Lihua , Lu Ning , Jiang Hongyi , Wang Jilong , Pan Xiaoyun , Deng Junjie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial joints and the dysfunction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the peripheral blood. Therefore, an optimal treatment strategy should aim to eliminate the inflammatory response in the joints and simultaneously restore the immune tolerance of Tregs in peripheral blood. Accordingly, we developed an efferocytosis‐mimicking nanovesicle that contains three functional factors for immunomodulating of efferocytosis, including “find me” and “eat me” signals for professional (macrophage) or non‐professional phagocytes (T lymphocyte), and “apoptotic metabolite” for metabolite digestion. We showed that efferocytosis‐mimicking nanovesicles targeted the inflamed joints and spleen of mice with collagen‐induced arthritis, further recruiting and selectively binding to macrophages and T lymphocytes to induce M2 macrophage polarization and Treg differentiation and T helper cell 17 (Th17) recession. Under systemic administration, the efferocytosis‐mimicking nanovesicles effectively maintained the pro‐inflammatory M1/anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophage balance in joints and the Treg/Th17 imbalance in peripheral blood to prevent RA progression. This study demonstrates the potential of efferocytosis‐mimicking nanovesicles for RA immunotherapy.
Hemiarhinia caused by a missense variation in SMCHD1: A mild phenotype in the clinical spectrum of Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome
Authors: Kokitsu‐Nakata Nancy Mizue , Segarra Vinicius Contrucci Dantas , Tonello Cristiano , Brandão Michele Madeira , Alonso Nivaldo , Zechi‐Ceide Roseli Maria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome (BAMS, OMIM #603457) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by heterozygous variation in the SMCHD1 gene on chromosome 18p11. Clinically, it is characterized by microphthalmia, absence or hypoplasia of nose, choanal atresia, anosmia, palatal abnormalities, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and cryptorchidism. Here we report a Brazilian patient with a likely pathogenic variation in SMCHD1 gene (c.1418A>T; p.Glu473Val) presenting hemiarhinia associated with short stature and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Due to the clinical variability of BAMS, we considered that hemiarhinia, without microphthalmia, in the present case, can be considered a mild form of BAMS and could be considered for screening of SMCHD1 gene variation.
Oesophagostomum stephanostomum causing parasitic granulomas in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Jaffe Jenny E. , Metzger Sonja , Mätz‐Rensing Kerstin , Ribas Alexis , Wittig Roman M. , Leendertz Fabian H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNematodes belonging to the genus Oesophagostomum frequently infect wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) across widely separated field sites. Nodular lesions (granulomas) containing Oesophagostomum are commonly seen in the abdomen of infected chimpanzees post‐mortem. At Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire, previous studies have identified larvae of a variety of Oesophagostomum spp. in wild chimpanzee stool, based on sequencing of larval DNA, and nodular lesions associated with Oesophagostomum, identified morphologically to the genus level but not sequenced. Here we present three recent cases of parasitic granulomas found post‐mortem in chimpanzees at Taï. We complement descriptions of gross pathology, histopathology and parasitology with PCR and sequencing of DNA isolated from the parasitic nodules and from adult worms found inside the nodules. In all three cases, we identify Oesophagostomum stephanostomum as the causative agent. The sequences from this study were identical to the only other published sequences from nodules in nonhuman primates—those from the wild chimpanzees of Gombe, Tanzania.
Merged Molecular Switches Excel as Optoacoustic Dyes: Azobenzene–Cyanines Are Loud and Photostable NIR Imaging Agents
Authors: Müller Markus , Liu Nian , Gujrati Vipul , Valavalkar Abha , Hartmann Sean , Anzenhofer Pia , Klemm Uwe , Telek András , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin , Hartschuh Achim , Ntziachristos Vasilis , Thorn‐Seshold Oliver 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOptoacoustic (or photoacoustic) imaging promises micron‐resolution noninvasive bioimaging with much deeper penetration (>cm) than fluorescence. However, optoacoustic imaging of enzyme activity would require loud, photostable, NIR‐absorbing molecular contrast agents, which remain unknown. Most organic molecular contrast agents are repurposed fluorophores, with severe shortcomings of photoinstability or phototoxicity under optoacoustic imaging, as consequences of their slow S1→S0 electronic relaxation. We now report that known fluorophores can be rationally modified to reach ultrafast S1→S0 rates, without much extra molecular complexity, simply by merging them with molecular switches. Here, we merge azobenzene switches with cyanine dyes to give ultrafast relaxation (<10 ps, >100‐fold faster). Without even adapting instrument settings, these azohemicyanines display outstanding improvements in signal longevity (>1000‐fold increase of photostability) and signal loudness (>3‐fold even at time zero). We show why this simple but unexplored design strategy can still offer stronger performance in the future, and can also increase the spatial resolution and the quantitative linearity of photoacoustic response over extended longitudinal imaging. By bringing the world of molecular switches and rotors to bear on problems facing optoacoustic agents, this practical strategy will help to unleash the full potential of optoacoustic imaging in fundamental studies and translational uses.
Inhibiting Dissolution of Active Sites in 80 °C Alkaline Water Electrolysis by Oxyanion Engineering
Authors: Liu Wei , Ding Xiaoqian , Cheng Jingjin , Jing Jianlei , Li Tianshui , Huang Xin , Xie Pengpeng , Lin Xichang , Ding Hanlin , Kuang Yun , Zhou Daojin , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCommercial alkaline water electrolysers typically operate at 80 °C to minimize energy consumption. However, NiFe‐based catalysts, considered as one of the most promising candidates for anode, encounter the bottleneck of high solubility at such temperatures. Herein, we discover that the dissolution of NiFe layered double hydroxides (NiFe‐LDH) during operation not only leads to degradation of anode itself, but also deactivates cathode for water splitting, resulting in decay of overall electrocatalytic performance. Aiming to suppress the dissolution, we employed oxyanions as inhibitors in electrolyte. The added phosphates to the electrolyte inhibit the loss of NiFe‐LDH active sites at 400 mA cm−2 to 1/3 of the original amount, thus reducing the rate of performance decay by 25‐fold. Furthermore, the usage of borates, sulfates, and carbonates yields similar results, demonstrating the reliability and universality of the active site dissolution inhibitor, and its role in elevated water electrolysis.
Structure‐Function Relationship of p‐Block Bismuth for Selective Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Li Jingwei , Xiang Tianci , Liu Xiang , Ghazzal Mohamed Nawfal , Liu Zhao‐Qing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSelective photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to value‐added fuels, such as CH4, is highly desirable due to its high mass‐energy density. Nevertheless, achieving selective CH4 with higher production yield on p‐block materials is hindered by non‐ideal adsorption of *CHO key intermediate and an unclear structure‐function relationship. Herein, we unlock the key reaction steps of CO2 and found a volcano‐type structure‐function relationship for photocatalytic CO2‐to‐CH4 conversion by gradual reduction of the p‐band center of the p‐block Bi element leading to formation of Bi‐oxygen vacancy heterosites. The selectivity of CH4 is also positive correlation with adsorption energy of *CHO. The Bi‐oxygen vacancy heterosites with an appropriate filled Bi‐6p orbital electrons and p band center (−0.64) enhance the coupling between C‐2p of *CHO and Bi‐6p orbitals, thereby resulting in high selectivity (95.2 %) and productivity (17.4 μmol g−1 h−1) towards CH4. Further studies indicate that the synergistic effect between Bi‐oxygen vacancy heterosites reduces Gibbs free energy for *CO‐*CHO process, activates the C−H and C=O bonds of *CHO, and facilitates the enrichment of photoexcited electrons at active sites for multielectron photocatalytic CO2‐to‐CH4 conversion. This work provides a new perspective on developing p‐block elements for selective photocatalytic CO2 conversion.