bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amelioration of type I diabetes‐induced osteoporosis by parathyroid hormone is associated with improved osteoblast survival
Authors: Motyl Katherine J. , McCauley Laurie K. , McCabe Laura R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractType 1 diabetic osteoporosis results from impaired osteoblast activity and death. Therefore, anti‐resorptive treatments may not effectively treat bone loss in this patient population. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment stimulates bone remodeling and increases bone density in healthy subjects. However, PTH effects may be limited in patients with diseases that interfere with its signaling. Here, we examined the ability of 8 and 40 µg/kg intermittent PTH to counteract diabetic bone loss. PTH treatment reduced fat pad mass and blood glucose levels in non‐diabetic PTH‐treated mice, consistent with PTH‐affecting glucose homeostasis. However, PTH treatment did not significantly affect general body parameters, including the blood glucose levels, of type 1 diabetic mice. We found that the high dose of PTH significantly increased tibial trabecular bone density parameters in control and diabetic mice, and the lower dose elevated trabecular bone parameters in diabetic mice. The increased bone density was due to increased mineral apposition and osteoblast surface, all of which are defective in type 1 diabetes. PTH treatment suppressed osteoblast apoptosis in diabetic bone, which could further contribute to the bone‐enhancing effects. In addition, PTH treatment (40 µg/kg) reversed preexisting bone loss from diabetes. We conclude that intermittent PTH may increase type 1 diabetic trabecular bone volume through its anabolic effects on osteoblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1326–1334, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NADPH oxidase‐derived superoxide Anion‐induced apoptosis is mediated via the JNK‐dependent activation of NF‐κB in cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose
Authors: Tsai Kun‐Hsi , Wang Wei‐Jan , Lin Cheng‐Wen , Pai Peiying , Lai Tung‐Yuan , Tsai Chen‐Yen , Kuo Wei‐Wen 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHyperglycemia‐induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. However, the mechanism by which high glucose causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis is not clear. In this study, we investigated the signaling pathways involved in NADPH oxidase‐derived ROS‐induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes under hyperglycemic conditions. H9c2 cells were treated with 5.5 or 33 mM glucose for 36 h. We found that 33 mM glucose resulted in a time‐dependent increase in ROS generation as well as a time‐dependent increase in protein expression of p22phox, p47phox, gp91phox, phosphorylated IκB, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, as well as the nuclear translocation of NF‐kB. Treatment with apocynin or diphenylene iodonium (DPI), NADPH oxidase inhibitors, resulted in reduced expression of p22phox, p47phox, gp91phox, phosphorylated IκB, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. In addition, treatment with JNK and NF‐kB siRNAs blocked the activity of caspase‐3. Furthermore, treatment with JNK, but not p38, siRNA inhibited the glucose‐induced activation of NF‐κB. Similar results were obtained in neonatal cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose concentrations. Therefore, we propose that NADPH oxidase‐derived ROS‐induced apoptosis is mediated via the JNK‐dependent activation of NF‐κB in cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1347–1357, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nutrient and carbon balances in organic vegetable production on an irrigated, sandy soil in northern Oman
Authors: Siegfried Konrad , Dietz Herbert , Schlecht Eva , Buerkert Andreas 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOur understanding of nutrient and carbon (C) fluxes in irrigated organic cropping systems of subtropical regions is limited. Therefore, leaching of mineral nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), gaseous emissions of NH3, N2O, CO2, and CH4, and total matter balances were measured over 24 months comprising a total cropping period of 260 d in an organic‐cropping‐systems experiment near Sohar (Oman). The experiment on an irrigated sandy soil with four replications comprised two manure types (ORG1 and ORG2) characterized by respective C : N ratios of 19 and 25 and neutral detergent fiber (NDF)‐to‐soluble carbohydrates (SC) ratios of 17 and 108. A mineral‐fertilizer (MIN) treatment with equivalent levels of mineral N, P, and potassium (K) served as a control. The three treatments were factorially combined with a cropping sequence comprising radish (Raphanus sativus L.) followed by cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) or carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus). Over the 24‐months experimental period gaseous N emissions averaged 45 kg ha–1 (59% NH3‐N, 41%N2O‐N) for MIN, 55 kg N ha–1 (69% NH3‐N, 31%N2O‐N) for ORG1, and 49 kg N ha–1 (59% NH3‐N, 41% N2O‐N) for ORG2. Carbon losses were 6.2 t ha–1 (98% CO2‐C, 2% CH4‐C) for MIN, 9.7 t C ha–1 (99% CO2‐C, 1% CH4‐C) for ORG1, and 10.6 t ha–1 (98% CO2‐C, 2% CH4‐C) for ORG2. Exchange resin–based cumulative leaching of mineral N amounted to 30 kg ha–1 for MIN, 10 kg ha–1 for ORG1, and 56 kg ha–1 for ORG2. Apparent surpluses of 361 kg N ha–1 and 196 kg P ha–1 for radish‐carrot and 299 kg N ha–1 and 184 kg P ha–1 for radish‐cauliflower were accompanied by K deficits of –59 kg ha–1 and –73 kg ha–1, respectively, for both cropping systems. Net C balances for MIN, ORG1, and ORG2 plots were –7.3, –3.1, and 1.5 t C ha–1 for radish‐carrot and –5.0, 1.3, and 4.6 t C ha–1 for radish‐cauliflower. The results underline the difficulty to maintain soil C levels in intensively cultivated, irrigated subtropical soils.
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography separation mechanisms of tetracyclines on amino‐bonded silica column
Authors: Li Ruiping , Zhang Yi , Lee Charles C. , Liu Liming , Huang Yingping 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEffects of mobile‐phase variations on the chromatographic separation on amino‐bonded silica column in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) were investigated for four zwitterionic tetracyclines (TCs): oxytetracycline, doxycycline, chlortetracycline, and tetracycline. A mixed‐mode retention mechanism composed of partitioning, adsorption, and ion exchange interactions was proposed for the amino HILIC retention process. Buffer type and pH significantly influenced the retention of TCs, but showed similar separation selectivity for the tested analytes. Experiments varying buffer salt concentration and pH demonstrated the presence of ion exchange interactions in TCs retention. The type and concentration of organic modifier also affected the retention and selectivity of the analytes, providing direct evidence supporting the Alpert retention model for HILIC. The retention time of the analytes increased in the following order of organic modifiers: tetrahydrofuran < methanol < isopropanol < acetonitrile. The linear relationships of logk′ versus %water (v/v) curve and logk′ versus logarithm of %water (v/v) in the mobile phase indicated that TCs separation on the amino phase was controlled by partitioning and adsorption. The developed method was successfully utilized in the detection of TCs in both river water and wastewater samples using solid‐phase extraction (SPE) for sample cleanup.
Facile preparation of monolithic immobilized metal affinity chromatography capillary columns for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Wang Hui , Liang Zhen , Yang Kaiguang , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Yukui 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe selective enrichment of phosphopeptides with good reproducibility is vital for the in‐depth study of the phosphoproteome. Herein, we presented a novel method to prepare monolithic Ti4+ or Zr4+ immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns. Since succinimide was of high reaction activity with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) than traditional epoxy group, through the reaction of succinimide group on the monolithic matrix with nitrilotriacetic acid, the preparation of monolithic IMAC columns became facile. By the developed new method, not only the time required for Ti4+ or Zr4+ immobilization could be shortened from 10 to 1 h, but also the RSD of obtained phosphopeptide peak area was below 13%, even with IMAC columns prepared in different batches (n=3). With such monolithic Ti4+‐ and Zr4+‐IMAC columns, ten and seven phosphopeptides were effectively identified from the digests of a mixture of β‐casein and BSA, even with the molar ratio as low as 1:100, respectively. The phosphopeptide recovery was over 73%, and the loading capacity was over 0.8 μmol/mL. Compared with commercial IMAC beads, the monolithic IMAC columns provide outstanding reproducibility, good selectivity, large loading capacity, and high recovery, which demonstrates that such monolithic IMAC columns might facilitate the in‐depth analysis of phosphoproteomes.
Progress and technical challenge for planar waveguide devices: silica and silicon waveguides
Authors: Okamoto K. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe paper reviews progress and future prospects of two kinds of planar waveguide devices; they are (a) silica and silicon photonics multi/demultiplexers for communications and signal‐processing applications, and (b) a novel waveguide spectrometer based on Fourier transform spectroscopy for sensing applications.
Novel Controlled Polymerization of Cyclo‐olefins, Dienes, and Trienes by Utilizing Reaction Properties of Late Transition Metals
Authors: Takeuchi Daisuke 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPd complexes with diimine ligands promote polymerization of cyclopentenes, 1,6‐dienes, and 1,6,11‐trienes to afford polymers having 1,2‐ or 1,3‐five‐membered ring in every repeating unit. The Pd complexes with C2 symmetrical structure catalyze the polymerization reactions to produce polymers with high stereoselectivity. Some of the obtained polymers show characteristic properties such as thermoreversible gelation and liquid crystal formation. Ni complexes bring about the cyclopolymerization of the dienes to afford polymers containing five‐ and/or six‐membered rings in controlled stereochemistry.magnified image
Ex Situ Solvent‐Assisted Preparation of Magnetic Poly(propylene) 8nocomposites Filled with Fe@FeO Nanoparticles
Authors: Wei Suying , Patil Rahul , Sun Luyi , Haldolaarachchige Neel , Chen Xuelong , Young David P. , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIsotactic PP nanocomposites filled with Fe@FeO nanoparticles are fabricated by a facile ex situ method. The nanofillers are dispersed in a boiling PP/xylene solution. X‐ray diffraction is used to determine the nanofiller effects on the crystallinity of PP. The crystallinity along the (040) plane is found to decrease with the incorporation of nanoparticles. Thermal properties and crystallinity are studied by TGA and DSC, respectively. Enhanced thermal stability and influenced crystallinity are observed in the PP nanocomposites compared with those of pure PP. An increased dielectric property without percolation threshold is observed. In addition, the nanocomposites are found to exhibit ferromagnetic properties.magnified image
Methacrylated Calix[6]arenes as Low Shrinking Additives for Dental Restorative Composites
Authors: Moszner Norbert , Angermann Jörg , Fischer Urs , Gianasmidis Alexandros , Tabatabai Monir , Ritter Helmut , Utterodt Andreas 
Published: May 2011

Abstractp‐tert‐Butylcalix[6]arene was acylated with different carboxylic acid anhydrides to improve their solubility in dimethacrylate cross‐linkers. An esterification of p‐tert‐butylcalix[6]arene 1 with octanoic anhydride followed by methacrylation of the residual hydroxy groups with methacrylic anhydride resulted mainly in the formation of a pentaoctanoatemonomethacrylate 2a. In the radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate the inhibition effect of residual hydroxy groups in 2a was evaluated. Dimethacrylate containing composites based on a monomer matrix of cross‐linking dimethacrylates and 0–30 wt.% of 2a were prepared. The addition of 2a resulted in a significant decrease of the polymerization shrinkage, whereas the modulus of elasticity of the visible light cured composites was not affected.magnified image
Controlled Dispersion of Silver Nanoparticles into the Bulk of Thermosensitive Polymer Microspheres: Tunable Plasmonic Coupling by Temperature Detected by Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Yin Peng‐Gang , Chen Ying , Jiang Li , You Ting‐Ting , Lu Xian‐Yong , Guo Lin , Yang Shihe 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBy in situ reduction of Ag+ ions pre‐dispersed inside thermosensitive microspheres of poly[(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐(methacrylic acid)] (P(NIPAM‐co‐MAA)), a 3D copolymer‐supported network of silver nanoparticles is created and extensively characterized by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The effective dispersion and the suitable density of the silver nanoparticles in the composite microspheres are demonstrated by the thermal‐induced SERS signal and its high reproducibility during thermocycling. When the temperature of the system increases above 32 °C, spatial separation of the silver nanoparticles decreases and the numbers of Ag nanoparticles and P(NIPAM‐co‐MAA) microspheres under illumination spot increase as a result of the shrinkage of the P(NIPAM‐co‐MAA) chains, leading to the ramp of the SERS effect. By means of the high reversibility of the thermosensitive phase transition of the P(NIPAM‐co‐MAA) microspheres, SERS activity of the silver nanoparticle network embedded in the microsphere can be well controlled by thermal‐induced variation of special separation.magnified image
Coarse‐Grained Simulations of Model Polymer Nanofibres
Authors: Milani Alberto , Casalegno Mosè , Castiglioni Chiara , Raos Guido 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe describe the development of a coarse‐grained (CG) force field for nylon‐6 (polycaprolactam) and its application to the simulation of the structure and macromolecular dynamics within cylindrical fibres formed by this polymer, having diameters in the 14–28 nm range. Our CG model is based on the MARTINI force field for the non‐bonded interactions and on Boltzmann‐inverted gas‐phase atomistic simulations for intramolecular stretching and bending energies. The simulations are carried out on infinite, isolated nanofibres at temperatures of 300, 400 and 500 K, with different starting configurations. Starting from ordered chain‐extended configurations, we simulate the melting of the polymer in the nanofibres and, after cooling back to room temperature, its re‐crystallization in a chain‐folded lamellar configuration. This agrees with experimental observations on electrospun nylon‐6 nanofibres and demonstrated the suitability of the approach for the simulation of these systems. The effect of nanoscale confinement on the structure and dynamics of the polymer chains is extensively discussed.magnified image
Phase‐based arterial input function measurements in the femoral arteries for quantification of dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI and comparison with DCE‐CT
Authors: Korporaal Johannes G. , van den Berg Cornelis A. T. , van Osch Matthias J. P. , Groenendaal Greetje , van Vulpen Marco , van der Heide Uulke A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractDynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI is useful for diagnosis, treatment monitoring and follow‐up of prostate cancer. However, large differences have been reported in the parameter range of the transfer constant Ktrans, making longitudinal studies and comparison of DCE‐MRI findings between studies difficult. Large part of this inconsistency in Ktrans values can be attributed to problems with the accurate measurement of the arterial input function (AIF) from the magnitude signal (AIFMAGN). Phase‐based AIF measurements (AIFPHASE) have been proposed as a more robust alternative to AIFMAGN measurements. This study compares AIFPHASE with AIFs measured with DCE‐CT (AIFCT), and the corresponding Ktrans maps in 12 prostate cancer patients. The shape of AIFPHASE and AIFCT are similar, although differences in the peak height and peak width exist as a result of differences in injection protocol. No significant differences in Ktrans values were found between the DCE‐MRI and DCE‐CT exams, with median Ktrans values of 0.10 and 0.08 min−1 for healthy peripheral zone tissue and 0.44 and 0.36 min−1 for regions suspected of tumor respectively. Therefore, robust quantification of Ktrans values from DCE‐MRI exams in the cancerous prostate is feasible with the use of AIFPHASE. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonrigid retrospective respiratory motion correction in whole‐heart coronary MRA
Authors: Schmidt Johannes F. M. , Buehrer Martin , Boesiger Peter , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA nonrigid retrospective respiratory motion correction scheme is presented for whole‐heart coronary imaging with interleaved acquisition of motion information. The quasi‐periodic nature of breathing is exploited to populate a 3D nonrigid motion model from low‐resolution 2D imaging slices acquired interleaved with a segmented 3D whole‐heart coronary scan without imposing scan time penalty. Reconstruction and motion correction are based on inversion of a generalized encoding equation. Therein, a forward model describes the transformation from the motion free image to the motion distorted k‐space data, which includes nonrigid spatial transformations. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated on 10 healthy volunteers using free‐breathing coronary whole‐heart scans. Although conventional respiratory‐gated acquisitions with 5‐mm gating window resulted in an average gating efficiency of 51% ± 11%, nonrigid motion correction allowed for gate‐free acquisitions, and hence scan time reduction by a factor of two without significant penalty in image quality. Image scores and quantitative image quality measures for the left coronary arteries showed no significant differences between 5‐mm gated and gate‐free acquisitions with motion correction. For the right coronary artery, slightly reduced image quality in the motion corrected gate‐free scan was observed as a result of the close vicinity of anatomical structures with different motion characteristics. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetic resonance elastography of the lung parenchyma in an in situ porcine model with a noninvasive mechanical driver: Correlation of shear stiffness with trans‐respiratory system pressures
Authors: Mariappan Yogesh K. , Kolipaka Arunark , Manduca Armando , Hubmayr Rolf D. , Ehman Richard L. , Araoz Philip , McGee Kiaran P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractQuantification of the mechanical properties of lung parenchyma is an active field of research due to the association of this metric with normal function, disease initiation and progression. A phase contrast MRI‐based elasticity imaging technique known as magnetic resonance elastography is being investigated as a method for measuring the shear stiffness of lung parenchyma. Previous experiments performed with small animals using invasive drivers in direct contact with the lungs have indicated that the quantification of lung shear modulus with 1H based magnetic resonance elastography is feasible. This technique has been extended to an in situ porcine model with a noninvasive mechanical driver placed on the chest wall. This approach was tested to measure the change in parenchymal stiffness as a function of airway opening pressure (Pao) in 10 adult pigs. In all animals, shear stiffness was successfully quantified at four different Pao values. Mean (±STD error of mean) pulmonary parenchyma density corrected stiffness values were calculated to be 1.48 (±0.09), 1.68 (±0.10), 2.05 (±0.13), and 2.23 (±0.17) kPa for Pao values of 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm H2O, respectively. Shear stiffness increased with increasing Pao, in agreement with the literature. It is concluded that in an in situ porcine lung shear stiffness can be quantitated with 1H magnetic resonance elastography using a noninvasive mechanical driver and that it is feasible to measure the change in shear stiffness due to change in Pao. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mobile Phone Tools for Field‐Based Health care Workers in Low‐Income Countries
Authors: DeRenzi Brian , Borriello Gaetano , Jackson Jonathan , Kumar Vikram S. , Parikh Tapan S. , Virk Pushwaz , Lesh Neal 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn low‐income regions, mobile phone–based tools can improve the scope and efficiency of field health workers. They can also address challenges in monitoring and supervising a large number of geographically distributed health workers. Several tools have been built and deployed in the field, but little comparison has been done to help understand their effectiveness. This is largely because no framework exists in which to analyze the different ways in which the tools help strengthen existing health systems. In this article we highlight 6 key functions that health systems currently perform where mobile tools can provide the most benefit. Using these 6 health system functions, we compare existing applications for community health workers, an important class of field health workers who use these technologies, and discuss common challenges and lessons learned about deploying mobile tools.Mt Sinai J Med 78:406–418, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Confronting Intimate Partner Violence: A Global Health Priority
Authors: Chibber Karuna S. , Krishnan Suneeta 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIntimate partner violence—physical, psychological, or sexual abuse of women perpetrated by intimate partners—is one of the most common forms of violence against women, and is associated with adverse women's reproductive and maternal health outcomes. We review the opportunities for addressing intimate partner violence by the health system, examine promising approaches, and outline future challenges for developing effective health‐systems responses to violence. Evidence shows that women seldom approach support services in response to violence, but do seek health care at some point in their lives. In fact, women's utilization of reproductive‐health services in particular has been increasing globally. These services have a broad reach and represent an important opportunity to engage in violence prevention. Although health systems–based responses to intimate partner violence have emerged, rigorous evaluations to guide program planning and policy efforts to reduce violence are limited. Programs in the United States have expanded from improving individual provider prevention practices to instituting system‐wide changes to ensure sustainability of these practices. Developing‐country program responses, though limited, have been system‐wide and multisectoral right from the start. Our review highlights 3 challenges for developing and expanding health‐systems responses to violence. First, interventions should focus on creating a supportive environment within the health system and strengthening linkages across health care and allied sectors. Second, rigorous evaluations of health sector–based interventions are needed for a sound evidence base to guide programmatic and policy decisions. Finally, research is needed to identify the entry points for engaging men on violence prevention, and to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of such interventions. Mt Sinai J Med 78:449–457, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine