bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Few fathers‐to‐be prefer caesarean section for the birth of their baby
Authors: Johansson M , Rådestad I , Rubertsson C , Karlström A , Hildingsson I 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as: Johansson M, Rådestad I, Rubertsson C, Karlström A, Hildingsson I. Few fathers‐to‐be prefer caesarean section for the birth of their baby. BJOG 2010; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471‐0528.2010.02508.x.The objective of this study was to investigate prospective fathers’ preferences for caesarean section and associated factors. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire given in mid‐pregnancy to 1105 fathers‐to‐be in northern Sweden. In total, 6.4% of fathers preferred a caesarean section. The factors associated with a preference for caesarean section were a wish to plan the date of the baby’s birth [prevalence ratio (PR) 6.0], a previous negative birth experience (PR 8.6) and previous experience of a caesarean section (PR 5.7).
A randomised trial of a retropubic tension‐free vaginal tape versus a mini‐sling for stress incontinence
Authors: Basu M , Duckett J 
Published: February 2010

Please cite this paper as: Basu M, Duckett J. A randomised trial of a retropubic tension‐free vaginal tape versus a mini‐sling for stress incontinence. BJOG 2010; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471‐0528.2010.02513.x.Objective  To compare a mini‐sling with a retropubic tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT) in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urodynamic stress incontinence (USI).Design  Randomised trial.Setting  Urogynaecology unit in large UK district general hospital.Population  Women with USI resistant to conservative management and requiring a suburethral sling.Methods  A total of 71 women with SUI and confirmed USI were randomised to undergo treatment with either a retropubic TVT or mini‐sling. Follow‐up was at 6 weeks, with a history, examination and quality of life questionnaire, and at 6 months with further subjective evaluation and twin‐channel subtraction cystometry and pressure‐flow studies.Main outcome measures  The presence of SUI at 6 weeks and 6 months after treatment.Results  The mini‐sling was associated with a significantly higher rate of persistent SUI at 6 weeks (OR 9.49, 95% CI 2.8–32.6) and 6 months (OR 8.14, 95% CI 2.7–24.7), and of USI at 6 months (OR 7.58, 95% CI 2.7–24.7). The rate of complication was similar in the two groups.Conclusions  The mini‐sling is associated with a higher failure rate than a retropubic TVT. Longer term and multicentre outcome data are necessary to explore these findings further. Until this is available, the mini‐sling should be used with caution.
Past and present potential distribution of the Iberian Abies species: a phytogeographic approach using fossil pollen data and species distribution models
Authors: Alba‐Sánchez Francisca , López‐Sáez José A. , Pando Blas Benito‐de , Linares Juan C. , Nieto‐Lugilde Diego , López‐Merino Lourdes 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim  Quaternary palaeopalynological records collected throughout the Iberian Peninsula and species distribution models (SDMs) were integrated to gain a better understanding of the historical biogeography of the Iberian Abies species (i.e. Abies pinsapo and Abies alba). We hypothesize that SDMs and Abies palaeorecords are closely correlated, assuming a certain stasis in climatic and topographic ecological niche dimensions. In addition, the modelling results were used to assign the fossil records to A. alba or A. pinsapo, to identify environmental variables affecting their distribution, and to evaluate the ecological segregation between the two taxa.Location  The Iberian Peninsula.Methods  For the estimation of past Abies distributions, a hindcasting process was used. Abies pinsapo and A. alba were modelled individually, first calibrating the model for their current distributions in relation to the present climate, and then projecting it into the past—the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the Middle Holocene periods—in relation to palaeoclimate simulations. The resulting models were compared with Iberian‐wide fossil pollen records to detect areas of overlap.Results  The overlap observed between past Abies refugia—inferred from fossil pollen records—and the SDMs helped to construct the Quaternary distribution of the Iberian Abies species. SDMs yielded two well‐differentiated potential distributions: A. pinsapo throughout the Baetic mountain Range and A. alba along the Pyrenees and Cantabrian Range. These results propose that the two taxa remained isolated throughout the Quaternary, indicating a significant geographical and ecological segregation. In addition, no significant differences were detected comparing the three projections (present‐day, Mid‐Holocene and LGM), suggesting a relative climate stasis in the refuge areas during the Quaternary.Main conclusions  Our results confirm that SDM projections can provide a useful complement to palaeoecological studies, offering a less subjective and spatially explicit hypothesis concerning past geographic patterns of Iberian Abies species. The integration of ecological‐niche characteristics from known occurrences of Abies species in conjunction with palaeoecological studies could constitute a suitable tool to define appropriate areas in which to focus proactive conservation strategies.
The influences of snow cover, vegetation and topography on the upper range limit of common wombats Vombatus ursinus in the subalpine zone, Australia
Authors: Matthews Alison , Spooner Peter G. , Lunney Daniel , Green Ken , Klomp Nicholas I. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim  In subalpine and alpine environments, range shifts of species to higher altitudes are predicted to occur in response to reductions in the snow cover from climate change. However, the distribution of key resources may constrain the range of animal populations and prevent any upward migration. This study examined the local resource constraints on the upper range limit of a large, native herbivore in Australia, the common wombat Vombatus ursinus.Location  The subalpine zone of the Snowy Mountains, Australia.Methods  Logistic regression analyses of snow and habitat predictors were conducted on the presence/absence of wombat signs recorded along an altitudinal gradient during winter and summer, using parametric and nonparametric methods.Results  Wombats responded strongly to the altitudinal gradient, but snow cover alone did not fully explain their upper range limit. Wombat occurrence in the subalpine zone was influenced by local habitat features in combination with maximum snow depth. More rugged, high‐relief terrain was important to wombats in winter, allowing individuals access to a wider range of altitudes, snow depths and shelter sites. During summer, high soil bulk density was an important predictor of occurrence, and in both seasons, occurrence declined in response to a higher cover of burnt grass.Main conclusions  These models demonstrate that local habitat factors play a role even where there are strong regulating environmental factors. For wombats, this may limit future range expansion into the alpine zone despite the potential for an increase in abundance at their present range limit. These findings show the need for local ecological studies to be conducted in parallel with broad scale climate modelling if we are to understand shifts in species distributions as the climate rapidly changes.
Discerning the impact of human‐mediated factors on biodiversity using bioclimatic envelope models and partial regression techniques
Authors: Zafra‐Calvo Noelia , Rodríguez Miguel Á. , Lobo Jorge M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim  Human‐related pressures are growing in species‐rich regions and pose a threat to the conservation of biodiversity. Here, we use the available data for five taxonomic groups (ferns, monocotyledons, dicotyledons, birds and monkeys) to exemplify a procedure directed to discriminate the degree of conflict between human actions and biodiversity.Location  Bioko island, Equatorial Guinea.Methods  Using bioclimatic envelope modelling techniques devoted to produce estimations of the potential distributions, we generated geographical representations of the variation in the total number of species as well as in the number of endemic and threatened species. We then employed partial regression techniques to determine how and to what extent current environmental, habitat and human‐derived variables are associated with these potential species richness values.Results  Although the type of associations we looked for was sometimes difficult to discern since the same patterns could be explained by different types of variables, our results show that potential species richness values are generally positively associated with human‐related factors (mainly agriculture and bushmeat hunting activities), suggesting that the localities with environmental conditions favourable to higher species richness tend to be those exploited by humans.Main conclusions  We propose that the combined use of distribution models and partial regression techniques can support a better understanding of the relationship between species occurrences/preferences and human‐related factors and inform future conservation initiatives, particularly in small but hyperdiverse territories, in which dispersal limitations do not play a prominent role.
Little evidence of invasion by alien conifers in Europe
Authors: Carrillo‐Gavilán María Amparo , Vilà Montserrat 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim Conifers are invasive species in many parts of the world, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. There are many introduced conifers in Europe, but their status as alien species is poorly documented. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to ascertain the extent to which alien conifers can be considered invasive.Location Europe.Methods We reviewed the historical record of alien conifer invasion in Europe (i.e. species with a native range outside the continental boundaries of Europe) by screening the DAISIE database and the ISI Web of Science.Results According to DAISIE, there are 54 alien conifer species in Europe.Pseudotsuga menziesiiis the species recorded as naturalized in the most countries (12) and the UK is the country with the most naturalized species (18). Thirty‐seven of these conifers have been studied, to some extent, in a total of 131 papers (212 records). Nevertheless, only a few papers have investigated aspects related to biological invasions. In fact, the species are not referred to as alien by the authors in more than half of the papers (66%). Twenty‐five per cent of the papers have investigated plant traits, 46% are about biotic and abiotic factors influencing tree performance and 29% deal with ecological and economic impacts. Most papers are related to entomology, dealing with natural enemies affecting the alien conifers.Main conclusions Scientists have not yet perceived alien conifers in Europe as problematic species. Moreover, the low introduction effort, long lag‐time since plantation and phylogenetic closeness between alien and native conifers are possible reasons for their low expansion in Europe to date. From a management point of view, careful observations of sites with alien conifers is necessary to watch for new invasions. From a scientific perspective, thorough analyses of the extent that introduction, rates of naturalization and biogeographical differences influence invasive spread between the two hemispheres will prove timely.
Aging well – the role of minimally invasive aesthetic dermatological procedures in women over 65
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Payne Christopher Rowland 
Published: February 2010

SummaryBackground  The western world is getting older. Aging well has become the new target of preventative medicine. Aesthetic dermatology can contribute to this quest. Females over 65 represent an important and growing group of consumers of cosmetic procedures. In this group, there is a paucity of scientific evaluation of aesthetic procedures.Objective  To review the use of minimally invasive procedures for facial rejuvenation in women over 65.Methods  Drawing from both the literature and personal experience, the opportunities, modifications, and limitations of minimally invasive techniques for facial rejuvenation in older women are considered.Results  In this older age group, dermal fillers, chemical and laser peels, and nonablative photorejuvenation remain useful and can each be used as stand‐alone treatments. In this age group, botulinum toxin (BTX) injections are more often used in combination with other procedures.Conclusions  With respect to aesthetic procedures, women over 65 are different from younger women. More scientific investigation is necessary to better meet needs of this growing part of the population. Available data suggest that aesthetic dermatology can make a major contribution to the complex matter of aging well.
A double‐blind study of tolerance and efficacy of a new urea‐containing moisturizer in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Bissonnette Robert , Maari Catherine , Provost Nathalie , Bolduc Chantal , Nigen Simon , Rougier André , Seite Sophie 
Published: February 2010

SummaryBackground  Atopic dermatitis patients almost all use moisturizers to prevent and treat their skin disease. However, the safety and efficacy of moisturizers are rarely studied in this patient population.Aims  To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of urea‐containing moisturizers in subjects with atopic dermatitis.Methods  One hundred subjects with atopic dermatitis were randomized to apply either a new 5% urea moisturizer or a commercially available 10% urea lotion twice a day for 42 days. Scoring Atopic Dermatitis severity index (SCORAD) was performed at Day 0 and Day 42. Cosmetic acceptability questionnaires, adverse events, and a 5‐point tolerance evaluation were administered or performed at Day 42.Results  Both study products were very well tolerated by subjects and only three subjects discontinued their participation in the study due to adverse events. Mean SCORAD significantly decreased between Day 0 and Day 42 by 19.76% and 19.23%, respectively, for subjects treated with the new 5% urea moisturizer or the 10% urea lotion (P < 0.001). There was no difference between the two products in SCORAD reduction; however, significantly more subjects preferred using the new 5% urea moisturizer as compared with the 10% urea lotion.Conclusions  Both the new 5% urea moisturizer and the 10% urea lotion improved atopic dermatitis and were very well tolerated. However, the cosmetic acceptability questionnaire showed that subjects preferred using the new 5% urea moisturizer over the 10% urea lotion.
Acne vulgaris and depression: a retrospective examination
Authors: Uhlenhake Elizabeth , Yentzer Brad A , Feldman Steven R 
Published: February 2010

SummaryBackground  Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease that affects patients both physically and mentally.Purpose  To examine the prevalence of reported depression in acne patients.Methods  Patient information was obtained from a medical claims database and analyzed using the Total Resource Utilization Benchmarks™ process. Benchmarks in this study include: age, gender, co‐morbid depression, antidepressant utilization, and acne treatment modality. Depression prevalence in acne patients was compared with general population.Results  Depression was two to three times more prevalent in acne patients than in the general population, with a reported 8.8% of acne patients having clinical depression. The majority of cases of depression and antidepressant therapy utilization were observed in acne patients aged 18 and over with the highest percentage in the 36–64 age group. Approximately 65.2% of the acne patient population was female, with twice as many reported to have depression as males (10.6% females vs. 5.3% males).Limitations  This analysis included only patients that sought treatment for their acne and had also reported having clinical depression. This may underestimate the total prevalence of acne and associated depression.Conclusions  Acne is a disease that affects people of all ages both physically and psychologically. A correlation exists between clinical depression and acne patients, particularly those older than 36. “There is no single disease which causes more psychic trauma and more maladjustment between parents and children, more general insecurity and feelings of inferiority and greater sums of psychic assessment than does acne vulgaris” (Sulzberger, 19481).
Review: Surgical Aspects and Biological Considerations of Arteriovenous Fistula Placement
Authors: Achneck Hardean E. , Sileshi Bantayehu , Li Madison , Partington Erin J , Peterson David A. , Lawson Jeffrey H. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSince the Fistula First Initiative was formulated in 2003, providers and payers have increasingly emphasized the need to create more arteriovenous fistulae. To maximize the chances of successful fistula maturation, a thorough understanding of the biology and surgical aspects of fistula placement are essential. A functional endothelium in the target vessels is the prerequisite for the adaptive remodeling of the vessel wall, which has to take place after fistula formation. Mechanoreceptors of the endothelium sense the increase in shear stress and, through a variety of activated signaling cascades, induce the necessary changes and vasodilation of the respective vessels. The successful fistula placement starts with a thorough preoperative evaluation, which focuses on protecting the target vessels and avoiding intravenous catheters and devices. Intraoperatively, the risk of endothelial dysfunction and hyperplasia is further minimized through an atraumatic dissection with minimal manipulation of the vein and artery. The surgical technique should also focus on decreasing the vessel compliance mismatch and avoiding an inflammatory response secondary to hematoma formation. Postoperatively, the fistula must be diligently monitored for the complications of thrombosis, postoperative steal syndrome, neuropathy, aneurysm formation, infection, and high‐output cardiac failure. Early recognition of a problem is the key to saving an otherwise doomed fistula. An armamentarium of percutaneous techniques is available to the access surgeon to treat the most common causes of failed access formation. However, in some cases a surgical revision of the access site through patch angioplasty, a jump graft, and graft interposition is necessary to create a fistula which can be successfully used for hemodialysis.
Accuracy of Ultrasound in the Detection of Inflow Stenosis of Arteriovenous Fistulae: Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: Salman Loay , Ladino Marco , Alex Manju , Dhamija Rajiv , Merrill Donna , Lenz Oliver , Contreras Gabriel , Asif Arif 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWhile vascular ultrasound (US) has been highlighted to detect vascular access stenosis, its accuracy in the identification of inflow stenosis (IS) (anastomosis and/or juxta‐anastomotic area) compared with the gold standard (angiography) has not been evaluated. One hundred three consecutive fistulae referred for interventions were included in this study. Preprocedure US of inflow segment was performed. Angiography from the feeding artery to the right atrium was then conducted. US comparison to angiography in the detection of IS (anastomosis and/or juxta‐anastomotic area) was evaluated. Additionally, comparison of US to angiography in the assessment of juxta‐anastomotic and anastomotic stenosis was reported separately. Data from 103 patients were available for analysis. Overall, US was negative for IS in 52 cases. Of these, 47 did not show a lesion on angiography. Only five cases demonstrated a stenosis on angiography. Fifty‐one cases had IS by US, 50 were confirmed by angiography while one case did not show a lesion on angiography. Consequently, US had a sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 98%, and positive and negative predictive values were 98% and 90%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, negative, and positive predictive values for juxta‐anastomotic and anastomotic lesions evaluated separately were 92%, 98%, 92%, 98% and 79%, 100%, 95%, 100%, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between US and angiography for anastomotic (r2 = 0.71, p < 0.0001; slope = 0.63 ± 0.098 and intercept = 24 ± 6) and juxta‐anastomotic stenosis (r2 = 0.71, p < 0.0001; slope = 0.68 ± 0.060 and intercept = 23 ± 4). These results reveal that US has a high degree of accuracy in the detection of IS.
Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Patel Tejas , Charytan David M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Due to an explosion in the incidence and the prevalence of Type 2 DM, the burden of CKD is expected to increase proportionately. Both DM and CKD are associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, and it is important to understand the unique nature of CV disease in patients with the combination of these two conditions. In this report, we review the traditional and nontraditional risk factors that underlie the high risk of CV disease in this population, with a particular focus on vascular calcification, mineral metabolism, and therapeutic paradigms for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in this unique and high‐risk population.
Can sensitization to aeroallergens disappear over time in children with allergic disease?
Authors: Jacobs KD , Brand PLP 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground:  Remittance of aeroallergen sensitization has been shown in population‐based studies, but there is a common perception that sensitization to aeroallergens rarely if ever disappears in children with allergic disease.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed all specific IgE tests carried out in children aged 0–18 years at our hospital laboratory over a 14‐year period. Of 3115 children sensitized to one or more aeroallergens, 244 (7.8%) were retested after a mean (SD) period of 45 (28) months at their physician’s discretion.Results:  Disappearance of sensitization to individual aeroallergens did occur, with remittance rates ranging from 3.1% for house dust mite to 17.5% for cat. However, complete remittance of aeroallergen sensitization was found in only one subject. In up to 35% of cases, remittance of sensitization was offset by the appearance of one or more new aeroallergen sensitizations. Remittance was only observed in children sensitized to multiple allergens (with a median of 3 aeroallergen sensitizations), and their median degree of sensitization was low (median 2.1 kU/L).Conclusion: Aeroallergen sensitization can disappear in children with allergic disease, but only in polysensitized individuals. Complete remittance of sensitization to aeroallergens is rare in symptomatic children.