bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivery of Prolamins to the Protein Storage Vacuole in Maize Aleurone Cells
Authors: Reyes Francisca C. , Chung Taijoon , Holding David , Jung Rudolf , Vierstra Richard , Otegui Marisa S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractZeins, the prolamin storage proteins found in maize (Zea mays), accumulate in accretions called protein bodies inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of starchy endosperm cells. We found that genes encoding zeins, α-globulin, and legumin-1 are transcribed not only in the starchy endosperm but also in aleurone cells. Unlike the starchy endosperm, aleurone cells accumulate these storage proteins inside protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) instead of the ER. Aleurone PSVs contain zein-rich protein inclusions, a matrix, and a large system of intravacuolar membranes. After being assembled in the ER, zeins are delivered to the aleurone PSVs in atypical prevacuolar compartments that seem to arise at least partially by autophagy and consist of multilayered membranes and engulfed cytoplasmic material. The zein-containing prevacuolar compartments are neither surrounded by a double membrane nor decorated by AUTOPHAGY RELATED8 protein, suggesting that they are not typical autophagosomes. The PSV matrix contains glycoproteins that are trafficked through a Golgi-multivesicular body (MVB) pathway. MVBs likely fuse with the multilayered, autophagic compartments before merging with the PSV. The presence of similar PSVs also containing prolamins and large systems of intravacuolar membranes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) starchy endosperm suggests that this trafficking mechanism may be common among cereals.
Pharmacogenetics of cutaneous adverse drug reactions
Authors: AIHARA Michiko 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDrug‐induced hypersensitivity reactions are of major medical concern because they are associated with high morbidity and high mortality. In addition, individual patients' reactions are impossible to predict in each patient. In the field of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cutaneous ADR) such as Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DHIS) or drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), major advances have recently been gained through studies of an association between HLA alleles and drug hypersensitivity induced by specific drugs. The results of these pharmacogenomic studies allow prediction of the risk of adverse reactions in patients treated with certain drugs, including carbamazepine and other aromatic antiepileptic drugs, allopurinol and abacavir. However, different ethnic populations show variations in the genetic associations. A strong association between carbamazepine‐induced SJS/TEN and HLA‐B*1502 has been found in Southeast Asian patients but not in Caucasian and Japanese patients. Moderate associations between aromatic amine anticonvulsants and other HLA alleles have been proposed in Japanese patients. In contrast, HLA‐B*5801 was found to be associated with allopurinol‐induced cutaneous ADR, including SJS/TEN and DIHS/DRESS, in Caucasian and Asian patients, including the Japanese. These differences may, at least in part, be due to the differences in allele frequency in different ethnic populations. This article reviews the progress in pharmacogenomics, associated mainly with carbamazepine and allopurinol in different ethnic populations. Pharmacogenetic screening based on associations between adverse reactions and specific HLA alleles helps to avoid serious conditions associated with drug hypersensitivity.
Effect of atazanavir and atazanavir/ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of the next‐generation HIV integrase inhibitor, S/GSK1349572
Authors: Song Ivy , Borland Julie , Chen Shuguang , Lou Yu , Peppercorn Amanda , Wajima Toshihiro , Min Sherene , Piscitelli Stephen C. 
Published: February 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • S/GSK1349572, an investigational HIV integrase inhibitor, is primarily metabolized via glucuronidation by UGT1A1, with a minor component by CYP3A4. As such, inhibitors of UGT1A1 have the potential to increase S/GSK1349572 concentrations. Because S/GSK1349572 and atazanavir (ATV) may be used in combination and because ATV is a potent inhibitor of UGT1A1, this study evaluated the effect of ATV and ritonavir‐boosted ATV (ATV/RTV) on the pharmacokinetics of S/GSK1349572. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • The effects of concomitant atazanavir (ATV, a UGT1A1 inhibitor) and S/GSK1349572 pharmacokinetics were previously unknown and were evaluated in this study. Co‐administration of ATV/RTV and ATV was generally well tolerated and produced a modest, non‐clinically significant increase in S/GSK1349572 exposure. No dose adjustment for S/GSK1349572 is necessary when it is co‐administered with ATV and ATV/RTV.AIMS S/GSK1349572 is an unboosted, once daily, next generation integrase inhibitor with potent activity, low pharmacokinetic (PK) variability and a novel resistance profile. As the primary route of metabolism is via glucuronidation, the effects of atazanavir (ATV, a UGT1A1 inhibitor) and atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/RTV) on S/GSK1349572 PK were evaluated.METHODS A randomized, open label, two period, crossover study was conducted in healthy adult subjects. Twenty‐four subjects received S/GSK1349572 30 mg every 24 h for 5 days. Subjects then were administered S/GSK1349572 30 mg every 24 h in combination with either ATV/RTV 300/100 mg every 24 h (n= 12) or ATV 400 mg every 24 h (n= 12) for 14 days. Serial PK samples and safety assessments were obtained throughout the study.RESULTS The combination of S/GSK1349572 with ATV/RTV or ATV was generally well tolerated. All adverse events were mild or moderate, and no subject withdrew because of an adverse event. The AE of highest frequency was ocular icterus, observed only during combination of S/GSK1349572 and ATV or ATV/RTV. Co‐administration with ATV/RTV resulted in increased plasma S/GSK1349572 area under the concentration–time curve during a dosing interval (AUC(0,τ)), observed maximal concentration (Cmax), and concentration at the end of dosing interval at steady state (Cτ) by 62%, 34% and 121%, respectively. Co‐administration with ATV resulted in increased plasma S/GSK1349572 AUC(0,τ), Cmax, and Cτ by 91%, 50% and 180%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS Co‐administration of ATV/RTV and ATV was generally well tolerated and produced a modest, non‐clinically significant increase in S/GSK1349572 exposure. No dose adjustment for S/GSK1349572 is necessary when co‐administered with ATV and ATV/RTV.
Increased killer immunoglobulin‐like receptor expression and functional defects in natural killer cells in lung cancer
Authors: Al Omar Suliman Y. , Marshall Ernie , Middleton Derek , Christmas Stephen E. 
Published: February 2011

SummaryFrequencies of natural killer (NK) cells from patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small cell lung cancer (SCLC) did not differ from healthy controls. A higher proportion of NK cells from NSCLC patients expressed the killer immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) CD158b than in controls (P = 0·0004), in the presence or absence of its ligand, HLA‐C1. A similar result was obtained for CD158e in the presence of its ligand HLA‐Bw4 in NSCLC patients (P = 0·003); this was entirely attributable to the Bw4I group of alleles in the presence of which a fivefold higher percentage of CD158e+ NK cells was found in NSCLC patients than controls. Proportions of CD158b+ NK cells declined with advancing disease in NSCLC patients. Expression of NKp46, CD25 and perforin A, and production of interferon‐γ following stimulation with interleukin‐12 and interleukin‐18, were all significantly lower in NK cells from NSCLC patients than in controls. Both NK cell cytotoxicity and granzyme B expression were also reduced in lung cancer patients. Increased inhibitory KIR expression would decrease NK cell cytotoxic function against tumour cells retaining class I HLA expression. Furthermore, the reduced ability to produce interferon‐γ would restrict the ability of NK cells to stimulate T‐cell responses in patients with lung cancer.
Autonomic nerve function in adult patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome
Authors: Hejazi R. A. , Lavenbarg T. H. , Pasnoor M. , Dimachkie M. , Foran P. , Herbelin L. , Mccallum R. W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) in adults is a disorder characterized by recurrent and stereotypic episodes of severe nausea and vomiting separated by symptom‐free periods. Autonomic dysfunction has been a postulated mechanism for the pathogenesis of this disorder in children but has not been explored in adults.Methods Our goals were to investigate autonomic nerve function in adult patients with CVS. The sympathetic nervous system was evaluated through postural changes in heart rate and blood pressure and sympathetic skin response in the hand and foot. The parasympathetic nervous system was tested through heart rate response to deep breathing [expiration/inspiration (E/I)], Valsalva and postural indices (30 : 15 ratio). All patients had a 4‐h standard isotope labeled egg beater meal gastric emptying test (GET).Key Results Twenty‐two adult (18 female), mean age 35 ± 11 (range 19–61 years), who met Rome III criteria for CVS were included. History of migraine headache was reported in three patients. Five (23%) had pediatric onset. Of 21 patients who completed the test, nine patients had 21 abnormalities detected in their autonomic nerve testing profile and the remaining 12 had normal autonomic function results. Orthostatic tachycardia was observed in two (mean heart rate increase 39 beats min−1) and a decline in blood pressure (BP) in three patients (mean BP drop 30/14 mmHg). Parasympathetic abnormalities were elicited in six patients with an abnormal response to deep breathing and E/I index <1.25. Sympathetic nerve dysfunction was reported in seven patients with absent sympathetic skin response in the foot and/or hand. Twelve (57%) of CVS group had rapid GET (<50% retention at 1 h). The frequency of abnormal autonomic nerve function was not significantly higher in rapid GET subgroup.Conclusions & Inferences (i) Autonomic nerve dysfunction is common in adult CVS patients, being observed in 43% of our cohort; (ii) Sympathetic abnormalities dominate; and (iii) Rapid gastric emptying, present in 57% of patients, did not correlate with autonomic testing results. These new data provide more insight into the pathophysiology of CVS in adults and help explain the spectrum of clinical manifestations observed in this entity.
Genotyping Cephalosporium gramineum and development of a marker for molecular diagnosis
Authors: Wafai Baaj D. , Kondo N. 
Published: February 2011

This study investigated the genetic variation of 40 isolates of Cephalosporium gramineum, the causal agent of cephalosporium stripe disease of wheat, based on variations in internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and intergenic spacers (IGS) of rDNA. Of the isolates, 29 were from Japan and the rest from the USA and Europe. The ITS region was about 600 bp and almost identical among these isolates. In the IGS region (∼5 kbp), restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis detected four genotypes among the 40 isolates. One representative isolate was selected from each of the four genotypes, and the IGS region was sequenced. Attempts to design a genotype‐specific marker based on the size of PCR products amplified with selected primers failed to differentiate among the four genotypes. Alternatively, a species‐specific primer set (CGIGS1 and CGIGS2) was developed that annealed within the conserved region, producing a DNA fragment of about 1·8 kbp. Tests of this primer set on a wide range of other fungi from 11 genera confirmed that it was specific to C. gramineum. This primer set could serve as an effective tool in the molecular diagnosis of C. gramineum and has the potential to assist in a better understanding of the host–pathogen interaction.
An Early Triassic evolving erg system (Iberian Chain, NE Spain): palaeoclimate implications
Authors: Soria Ana R. , Liesa Carlos L. , Rodríguez‐López Juan Pedro , Meléndez Nieves , de Boer Poppe L. , Meléndez Alfonso 
Published: February 2011

Terra Nova, 23, 76–84, 2011AbstractThe Triassic Buntsandstein facies in the north‐eastern Iberian Chain (central eastern Spain), previously considered to be fluvial in origin, is shown to contain an evolving erg system. The preserved erg accumulation comprises a succession that represents the transition from a wadi belt via inner erg‐margin to a central‐erg system. This study supports Early Triassic (Olenekian) palaeoclimate models for Western Europe, which predict (extremely) arid conditions for Iberia. The two main easterly and southerly palaeowind directions are in accordance with data from other Triassic dune fields in Europe and corroborate the influence of monsoonal circulation, which affected precipitation in the Variscan Massif to the south and west.
Insights from theMw6.3, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake (Central Apennines) – unveiling new seismogenic sources through their surface signatures: the adjacent San Pio Fault
Authors: Di Bucci Daniela , Vannoli Paola , Burrato Pierfrancesco , Fracassi Umberto , Valensise Gianluca 
Published: February 2011

Terra Nova, 23, 108–115, 2011AbstractWe analysed a broad region around L'’Aquila in search of seismogenic faults similar to that responsible for the 6 April 2009 earthquake (Mw6.3). Having in mind the lessons learned from this earthquake, we focused on adjacent areas displaying similar morphotectonic, geological and structural features. The basin running from Barisciano to Civitaretenga‐Navelli, notably located near the southeastern edge of the 2009 aftershock pattern, appears to be one such area. We collected morphotectonic and structural data indicating that this basin is underlain by a major active normal fault (the San Pio Fault). All the observations are very much reminiscent of the morphotectonic, geological and structural setting of the area struck by the L'’Aquila earthquake, suggesting that the newly identified fault has the potential for aMw6.2 shock.
Quantification of the relationship between strigolactones and Striga hermonthica infection in rice under varying levels of nitrogen and phosphorus
Authors: JAMIL M , CHARNIKHOVA T , CARDOSO C , JAMIL T , UENO K , VERSTAPPEN F , ASAMI T , BOUWMEESTER H J 
Published: February 2011

Jamil M, Charnikhova T, Cardoso C, Jamil T, Ueno K, Verstappen F, Asami T & Bouwmeester HJ (2011). Quantification of the relationship between strigolactones and Striga hermonthica infection in rice under varying levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Weed Research51, 373–385.SummaryStrigolactone exudation, as well as Striga hermonthica germination and attachment, was studied under different levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in two cultivars of rice (IAC 165 and TN 1). Exudation of strigolactones by rice was the highest under mineral‐deficient conditions, whereas increasing N and P dose reduced the amount of strigolactones in the exudates. Deficiency of P led to the highest strigolactone exudation, when compared with N or NP deficiency. Production of strigolactones differed strongly between the two cultivars. IAC 165 produced about 100‐fold higher amounts than TN 1 of 2′‐epi‐5‐deoxystrigol, orobanchol and three new strigolactones. Across all N and P treatments, a positive relationship was found between the amount of strigolactones in the exudates of both cultivars and in vitro S. hermonthica germination. These results show that the positive effect of fertiliser application in S. hermonthica control is, at least partly, because of the suppression of strigolactone production and hence of S. hermonthica germination and subsequent attachment. This warrants further research into practical application. Maintaining suitable N and P nutrient status of soil through fertiliser use might be a promising strategy to reduce damage in cereals by this notorious weed.
Quality of life and depression assessment in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
Authors: Shah Maulik , Mavers Melissa , Bree Alanna , Fosko Scott , Lents Nathan H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground  Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is a rare genetic disease which causes a variety of dermatological lesions, especially basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), often on the face, neck, and head.Methods  Persons attending a national NBCCS support group meeting were asked to participate in survey‐based assessments of quality of life and depressive symptoms. Inclusion criteria required a self‐reported NBCCS diagnosis, voluntary agreement to participate, and age over 18 years. Exclusion criteria included cognitive impairment. Skin‐related quality of life was assessed with Skindex‐29, completed by 32 participants. Depressive symptomatology was determined with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), completed by 18 participants. Sociodemographic, medical, and social variables were also analyzed.Results  Median Skindex‐29 scores for the emotions, symptoms, and functioning scales were 42.50, 32.14, and 28.13, respectively (means: 41.17, 37.05, and 29.30, respectively). These scores were slightly higher than those observed in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1, a similar genetic disease with skin symptoms. The CES‐D scores (median = 15.50, mean = 17.50) suggested that 50% of participants had significant depressive symptomatology. Variables showing moderate associations with the scores included diet, number of affected family members, and treatment type. Interestingly, the number of BCCs had no effect.Conclusions  Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome impacts the quality of life of its subjects in a similar manner to other genodermatoses. Depressive symptoms are particularly prevalent. Several demographic, medical, and social characteristics affect these outcomes. Thus, the psychological impact of this disorder should be evaluated in the course of considering the care of persons with NBCCS.
Clinical and histological evaluation of 1% nadifloxacin cream in the treatment of acne vulgaris in Korean patients
Authors: Jung Jae Yoon , Kwon Hyuck Hoon , Yeom Kkot Bora , Yoon Mi Young , Suh Dae Hun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectives  Nadifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone with broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity. Although it is used as an acne treatment in some European countries, it has not been used to treat Korean acne patients. We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of 1% nadifloxacin cream and the histological changes it incurs when used to treat mild to moderate facial acne in Korean patients.Methods  An eight‐week, randomized, prospective, split‐face, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled trial was performed. All participants were treated with 1% nadifloxacin cream on one‐half of the face and vehicle cream on the other, twice per day for eight weeks.Results  At final visits, inflammatory acne lesions were reduced by 70% on nadifloxacin‐treated skin and increased by 13.5% on vehicle‐treated skin; non‐inflammatory acne lesions showed reductions of 48.1 and 10.1%, respectively. A significant difference was observed between the two treatments at four weeks. Histopathological examinations of the acne lesions showed decreased inflammation and interleukin‐8 expression but no change in transforming growth factor‐β expression in nadifloxacin‐treated skin compared with vehicle‐treated skin after eight weeks of treatment.Conclusions  Nadifloxacin 1% cream is an effective, safe, and well‐tolerated topical treatment for Korean patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Histopathological changes after nadifloxacin treatment were well correlated with clinical outcomes. Therefore, nadifloxacin can be used as an effective and safe treatment option in the management of mild to moderate acne in Asian subjects.
Internet use by dermatology outpatients to search for health information
Authors: AlGhamdi Khalid M. , Almohedib Mohammed A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground  As the use of the Internet increases, it is important to gain insight into how it is used by patients to obtain health‐related information.Objectives  We aimed to explore the attitudes and practices of dermatology outpatients regarding their use of the Internet to find health information. We also aimed to investigate the consequences of this Internet use on the patient–doctor relationship.Methods  A self‐administered questionnaire on Internet use was given to adult dermatology outpatients attending the Dermatology Department at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January to June 2008.Results  A total of 86% (432/500) of distributed questionnaires were returned. The mean age of respondents was 29.7 ± 10.0 years. Of the respondents who answered the relevant items, 42% (185/431) were females, 87% (376/432) were Internet users, and 47% (190/404) stated that they had accessed the Internet to obtain general medical information. Younger women educated to college level and with higher incomes tended to search for online health‐related information more often than other groups. More than 93% (343/367) of respondents reported that they relied on their doctors as their primary source of information, but 69% (277/401) indicated that online medical information was beneficial, and almost 8% (30/399) stated that they would always trust data obtained from the Internet.Conclusions  A significant proportion of patients use the Internet to search for medical information. This has a positive effect on the patients’ skin diseases and on their relationships with their doctors. Therefore, doctors should be more aware of the health‐related information available online and should guide patients to reliable websites.
Trichoscopy as a clue to the diagnosis of scalp sarcoidosis
Authors: Torres Fernanda , Tosti Antonella , Misciali Cosimo , Lorenzi Sandra 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground  Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic systemic granulomatous disease, in which non‐caseating granulomas formations can occur in any organ. Although rare, involvement of the scalp can occur, which might lead to cicatricial alopecia. Dermoscopic features of scalp sarcoidosis had not been reported.Methods  Clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological features of two patients with scalp sarcoidosis were reviewed.Results  Two Caucasian female patients aged 22 and 60 years old presented with diffuse folliculitis‐like lesions and patchy alopecia, respectively. Dermoscopy of the lesions showed decreased hair density associated with perifollicular and follicular yellowish to pale orange round spots in the first case and diffuse orange discoloration with prominent telangiectasia in the second patient. Few dystrophic hairs were seen in both cases.Conclusions  The orange spots seen at trichoscopy of lesions in scalp sarcoidosis may represent a clue to the diagnosis of this condition. Dystrophic hairs may indicate granulomatous activity.