bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elektroanalytische Anwendung von Niederschlagsmembranen
Authors: Geyer R. , Syring W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPotentiometrische Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Ionenaktivitäten lassen sich für die Bestimmung mittlerer und hoher Gehalte nutzbringend einsetzen. Bedeutungsvoll für den Wert derartiger Methoden ist, daß sich die gemessenen Potentialdifferenzen für eine relativ leichte Weiterverarbeitung in Regelkreisen anbieten und daher für die Entwicklung automatischer Analysenverfahren sowie zur Steuerung und Regelung von Produktionsprozessen verwendet werden können. Ein Mangel der Potentiometrie besteht allerdings darin, daß nur für wenige Ionenarten reversible Elektroden verfügbar sind.
Über tribochemische Reaktionen einiger technisch wichtiger Metalle mit CO und CO2
Authors: Heinicke G. , Sigrist K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUnter tribochemischer Beanspruchung werden Metalle, wie Aluminium, Magnesium, Eisen, Nickel und Kupfer, durch CO und CO2 oxydiert. Der Kohlenstoff scheidet sich zum Teil als Graphit ab oder reagiert mit den Metallen zum Carbid. Zu Beginn der Bearbeitung erhält man Reaktionen von nullter Ordnung. Nach längerer Reaktionsdauer fällt die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit ab, und es stellt sich ein stationärer Zustand, ein sog. tribochemisches Gleichgewicht, ein.Für die Oxydation des Kupfers durch CO und CO2, sind die thermodynamisch berechneten Reaktionsarbeiten positiv. Scheinbar im Widerspruch hierzu stehen die beobachteten tribochemischen Umsetzungen am Kupfer. Eine Deutung wird auf der Grundlage des Magma‐Plasma‐Modells von P. A. Thiessen gegeben.Auf die technische Bedeutung der untersuchten Reaktionen für Reibungs‐, Schmierungs‐ und Verschleißprozesse wird hingewiesen.
Cubane — polyedrische Verbindungen mit Würfelstruktur
Authors: Tzschach Alfred , Balszuweit Arno 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn jüngster Zeit führten photochemische Reaktionen in der organischen Chemie zu einer Vielzahl von Molekülen mit polyedrischer Struktur [1], von denen jene mit Würfelstruktur auf Grund besonderer Bindungsverhältnisse und Verbreitung auch im anorganischen Bereich zunehmendes Interesse beanspruchen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Übersicht sollen anorganischeIn dieser Übersicht sollen nur Verbindungen behandelt werden, die auch in Lösung tetramer auftreten. Substanzen wie beispielsweise MO tert.‐C4H9.(M = K, Rb, Cs) [vgl. Weiss, E., Alsdorf, H., u. H. Kühr: Angew. Chem. 79, 816 (1967)], die offensichtlich nur in festem Zustand tetramere Struktureinheiten bilden, bleiben unberücksichtigt.
) und organische Verbindungen mit Cubanstruktur (A) sowie Verbindungen mit cubanähnlichen Strukturen (B) und (C) und deren Umlagerungen behandelt werden.
Significance of Initial Aortic Aneurysm Pressure Sensor Readings Varies with Aortic Endograft Design
Authors: Shrikhande Gautam , Khan Sikandar , Hussain Hafiz , Menezes Alicia , McKinsey James , Bush Harry 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe differences in implantable pressure sensor aneurysm sac readings were compared following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) among three different stent grafts.MethodsFrom January 2006 to March 2009, 51 aortic stent grafts were implanted along with the Endosure sensor. Grafts used were Zenith, Talent, and Excluder. In the present retrospective study, pulse ratios were measured intraoperatively before and after aneurysm sac exclusion and in follow‐up (within 30 days). Analysis of variance was used to determine significance.ResultsThe average aneurysm size that was repaired was 5.75 cm (range: 4–8.5 cm); 41 patients (80.4%) being male with an average age of 76.3 years (range: 58–90 years). Thirty‐four grafts were Zenith, 9 were Talent, and 8 were Excluder. The average pre‐aneurysm exclusion pulse ratios for the Zenith, Talent, and Excluder were 1.00, 1.08, and 0.95 (p = 0.18), respectively. The average post‐aneurysm exclusion pulse ratios were 0.34, 0.67, and 0.35, respectively (p = 0.003). Pulse ratios at the time of follow‐up (within 30 days) were 0.17, 0.22, and 0.11, respectively (p = 0.44). Nine of 51 (17.6%) patients had a reduction of pulse ratio of less than 30% after endograft implantation. Five of those 9 patients (55.5%) had the Talent endograft, although there was no angiographic evidence of endoleak.ConclusionsThe Talent graft has significantly higher pulse ratios following endograft implantation despite having no angiographic evidence of endoleak when compared to the Zenith and Excluder grafts. However, the pulse ratios decreased to levels similar to Zenith and Excluder within 30 days of endograft implantation. This suggests that the Talent endograft may have increased porosity initially. If pulse ratios do not appropriately decrease immediately after device implantation, further angiographic imaging may not be necessary if no obvious endoleak is seen.
Genetic Counseling in a Busy Pediatric Metabolic Practice
Authors: Hartley Jessica N. , Greenberg Cheryl R. , Mhanni Aizeddin A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPatients with inborn errors of metabolism and their families require unique clinical care including management of acute illnesses, screening for long term complications, discussion of the etiology of the condition, connections to social supports, and clarification of the recurrence risks and prenatal testing and treatment options. Our multidisciplinary pediatric metabolic clinic combines the skills of metabolic geneticists, pediatric dieticians, social workers, clinical pharmacists, nurses and genetic counselors to provide optimal and well‐rounded care for our patients and their families. Given the inherited nature of most inborn errors of metabolism and the necessary long‐term management for these disorders, the genetic counselor's role in this clinic setting is integral in providing ongoing support and education for patients and their families. This includes coping with the disease burden, helping patients and families adapt to a condition in the family and ensuring adequate understanding of the genetic risks and the available prenatal diagnostic and reproductive choices. Our clinic provides services to a large geographic area with many isolated populations where unique metabolic diseases are highly prevalent secondary to a founder effect. In this paper, we share our experience in providing longitudinal care to children with complex medical needs due to metabolic disorders and highlight the role of the genetic counselor in this clinic setting.
Novel Strategy to Fabricate PLA/Au Nanocomposites as an Efficient Drug Carrier for Human Leukemia Cells in Vitro
Authors: Li Jingyuan , Chen Chen , Wang Xuemei , Gu Zhongze , Chen Baoan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPoly (lactic acid) (PLA) polymer has the promising applications in the biomedical field because of its biodegradability and safe elimination. In this study, we have explored the bio-application of new nanocomposites composed with PLA nanofibers and Au nanoparticles as the potential drug carrier for an efficient drug delivery in target cancer cells. The results demonstrated that the anticancer drug daunorubicin could be efficiently self-assembled on the surface of PLA/Au nanocomposites and the synergistic enhancement of PLA/Au nanocomposites conjugated with daunorubicin into drug-sensitive K562 and drug-resistant leukemia K562/AO2 cells could be obviously observed by MTT assay and confocal fluorescence microscopy studies. These observations suggest that the new nanocomposites could readily induce daunorubicin to accumulate and uptake in target leukemia cells and increase the drug's cytotoxicity. Especially, the PLA/Au nanocomposites could significantly facilitate the cellular drug absorbtion of daunorubicin into drug-resistant K562/AO2 cells and efficiently inhibit the cancer cell proliferation. This raised the possibility to utilize the PLA/Au nanocomposites as a new effective additive agent to inhibit the drug resistance and thus as a novel strategy to sensitively track the respective cancer cells.
Cancer: evolutionary, genetic and epigenetic aspects
Authors: Lichtenstein Anatoly V. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
There exist two paradigms about the nature of cancer. According to the generally accepted one, cancer is a by-product of design limitations of a multi-cellular organism (Greaves, Nat Rev Cancer 7:213–221, 2007). The essence of the second resides in the question “Does cancer kill the individual and save the species?” (Sommer, Hum Mutat 3:166–169, 1994). Recent data on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of cell transformation summarized in this review support the latter point of view, namely that carcinogenesis is an evolutionary conserved phenomenon—a programmed death of an organism. It is assumed that cancer possesses an important function of altruistic nature: as a mediator of negative selection, it serves to preserve integrity of species gene pool and to mediate its evolutionary adjustment. Cancer fulfills its task due apparently to specific killer function, understanding mechanism of which may suggest new therapeutic strategy.
Christine McEntee Takes Office as AGU Executive Director
Authors: Tretkoff Ernie 
Published: September 2010

In a historic transition event, AGU staff and volunteer leadership welcomed incoming executive director Christine W. McEntee and said farewell to outgoing interim executive director Robert Van Hook. The event, with the theme “A Bridge to the Future: From Strength to Strength,” took place at AGU headquarters in Washington, D.C., on 30 August.McEntee comes to AGU from the American Institute of Architects, where she served as executive vice president and chief executive officer since 2006. She is the Union's third executive director.
First Report of Hiemalis begonias Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium foetens in Canada
Authors: Tian X. L. , Dixon M. , Zheng Y. 
Published: September 2010

Hiemalis begonias Fotsch (Begonia × hiemalis), a member of the family Begoniaceae, is a commercially important potted flowering plant in Europe and North America. In the spring of 2010, stunted growth and dull green leaves of H. begonias were observed in a commercial greenhouse in southern Ontario, Canada. Symptoms began with dull green foliage, followed by wilted leaves, then the stem base became water soaked with vascular discoloration, and finally, large macroconidial masses of a fungus developed on the collapsed stems and veins. A fungus was consistently isolated from the leaves, stems, and roots of symptomatic plants. Single conidia were isolated from sporodochia and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and oatmeal agar (OA) for 7 days. Isolates exhibited strong pungent odors on PDA and OA and a brownish orange colony on OA and a light orange colony on PDA. Masses of light orange and hemispherical-shaped conidia and stromata formed on OA. Conidiophores formed from aerial mycelium producing ellipsoidal microconidia without septation. Sporodochia formed on agar surface producing three-septate, slightly curved macroconidia. The cultural and conidial characteristics of the isolates were similar to those of Fusarium foetens Schroers (4). Partial translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF) gene was amplified and sequenced with primers ef1 and ef2. A comparison of a partial sequence has been deposited in GenBank (Accession No. HM748968) and showed a 100% match with F. foetens (2). Inoculations with F. foetens isolates were performed by injecting a 100-μl suspension of 1 × 106 conidia/ml into stems of five healthy plants near the ground or soaking the soil of five healthy 6-week-old H. begonias cv. Golden Edith with 50 ml of suspension. Control plants were similarly injected with sterile water or sown in sterile soil. After 4 weeks, all inoculated plants developed dark, wilting leaves and collapsed stems and veins similar to those observed in the commercial greenhouse. F. foetens was reisolated from diseased plants, and identification was reconfirmed by conidial characteristics and TEF 1-α sequence. Control plants were healthy and symptom free. F. foetens has recently been described in association with a new disease of H. begonias in Europe (3) and the United States (1). F. foetens can cause major economic losses to farmers and marketers of H. begonias in Europe and the United States. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. foetens causing wilt disease of H. begonias in Canada. References: (1) W.-H. Elmer et al. Plant Dis. 88:1287, 2004. (2) D.-M. Geiser et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:473, 2004. (3) R. Schrage. Phytomed. Ges. 33:68, 2003. (4) H.-J. Schroers et al. Mycologia 96:393, 2004.
Community and Justice: The Challenges of Bicultural Partnership to Policy on Assisted Reproductive Technology
Authors: Nicholas Barbara 
Published: September 2010

Listening to other cultures offers challenges to our fundamental assumptions and world views. In New Zealand public policy on Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is being worked out in a society committed to the development of bicultural partnership honouring the Treaty of Waitangi, a treaty with the indigenous people.Strong claims to the cultural significance of genetic heritage by Maori have made apparent to non‐Maori (Pakeha) their own assumptions. These claims also resist reductive understandings of genetics.In this paper I review, as a Pakeha ethicist, initiatives taken in New Zealand, and the impact of bicultural development on public policy on ART. I also discuss some of the issues this raises for western bioethics as it relates to non‐western approaches and include reference to the significance of genetic heritage as it is affecting guidelines for donor insemination and surrogacy.
Choosing the Best: Against Paternalistic Practice Guidelines
Authors: Savulescu Julian 
Published: September 2010

Isobel Ross rightly points out that providing information is not enough to guarantee that patients will choose the best course of action. She argues that to adequately protect patients' interests, we need practice guidelines to ‘ensure that dangerous and unnecessarily risky procedures are excluded from practice’. What constitutes an ‘unnecessarily risky procedure’ is to be determined by a group of reasonable doctors. At one point, Ross suggests that such guidelines are ‘presumptive’ rather than ‘absolute’. But this is really a concession to patient variability. She intends that certain procedures are ruled out on paternalistic grounds.I will argue that practice guidelines are desirable but should not determine practice. We should not rule out procedures on paternalistic grounds.
Orthogonal Decomposition of Non‐Uniform Bspline Spaces using Wavelets
Authors: Kazinnik Roman , Elber Gershon 
Published: September 2010

We take advantage of ideas of an orthogonal wavelet complement to produce multiresolution orthogonal decomposition of nonuniform Bspline (NUB) spaces. The editing of NUB curves and surfaces can be handled at different levels of resolutions.Applying Multiresolution decomposition to possibly C1 discontinuous surfaces, one can preserve the general shape on one hand and local features on the other of the free‐form models, including geometric discontinuities. The Multiresolution decomposition of the NUB tensor product surface is computed via the symbolic computation of inner products of Bspline basis functions. To find a closed form representation for the inner product of the Bspline basis functions, an equivalent interpolation problem is solved.As an example for the strength of the Multiresolution decomposition, a tool demonstrating the Multiresolution editing capabilities of NUB surfaces was developed and is presented as part of this work, allowing interactive 3D editing of NUB free‐form surfaces.
Phylogenetic algorithms and the evolution of species communities in forest fragments
Authors: Pellens Roseli , Grandcolas Philippe , Guilbert Eric 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn forest fragmentation studies, low specific richness in small fragments and community nestedness are usually considered to result from species loss. However, except in the case of fragmentation experiments, these studies cannot distinguish between original low richness and secondary species loss, or between original high richness and secondary colonizations in fragments. To distinguish between these possibilities is a matter of historical inference for which phylogenetic algorithms are designed. The methods of phylogenetic analysis, and especially parsimony analysis, can be used to find a tree of relationships between communities from different forest fragments, taking the presence or absence of species among different communities as characters. Parsimony analysis searches if species subsets can be classified in a nested hierarchy, and also establishes how the communities evolved, polarizing species changes into either extinctions or colonizations. By re‐analyzing two classical studies in this new and powerful way, we demonstrate that the differences between fragments and large continuous forests cannot be attributed to species loss in all cases, contrary to expectations from models.© The Willi Hennig Society 2005.
A case study of apparent conflict between molecular phylogenies: the interrelationships of African elephants
Authors: Debruyne Régis 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRecent molecular phylogenies of the African elephants suggest that there is an evolutionary structure withinLoxodonta africana. Some nuclear results (Roca et al., 2001) support the separation of the forest African elephant subspeciesL. a. cyclotisas a species distinct from the savannah elephantL. a. africana, on the basis of the recognition of both forming highly divergent (reciprocally monophyletic) clades. Conversely, a mitochondrial survey (Eggert et al., 2002), while admitting a geographic partitioning of the genetic structure within African elephants, suggests retaining the status quo. They recognize three diagnosible entities (western, central and south‐eastern Africa) with non‐overlapping ranges withinL. africana sensu lato.In order to address these conflicting views (historical fragmentation and speciation or isolation by distance, respectively), we have sequenced two datasets of 1961 bp (for 50 elephants) and about 3700 bp, respectively (for 20 elephants) of the mitochondrial DNA for both forms of elephants (cyclotisandafricana). They span the cytochromebgene, the control region and several RNAs. When compared with former mtDNA data, they provide the most comprehensive view of the African elephant phylogeny (78 mtDNA haplotypes, of which 44 are new) and provide the first insight into populations from the Democratic Republic of Congo. The genetic diversity of mtDNA was appraised and the stability of alternative phylogenetic trees was investigated. Our results are inconsistent with both those prior studies. They revealed two highly divergent molecular clades referred to as F and S, that do not conform to the morphological delineations ofcyclotisandafricana.A non‐negligible proportion of specimens ofL. a. africanadisplay haplotypes prevailing in forest elephant populations (clade F). The geographic distribution of clades and areas of their co‐occurrence support the hypothesis of incomplete isolation between forest and savannah African elephant populations, followed by recurrent interbreeding between the two forms. We state that the conclusions of prior studies resulted from insufficient character and/or geographic sampling. We conclude that there is no satisfying argument which can recognize two or more species of African elephants. We briefly comment on the meaning of such an attitude in a conservation viewpoint.© The Willi Hennig Society 2005.
The molecular phylogeny of the Miarus campanulae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) species group inferred from CO1 and ITS2 sequences
Authors: Vahtera Varpu , Muona Jyrki 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Miarus is a Holarctic weevil genus with morphologically very similar species, all breeding on Campanula plants or their close relatives. Two European members of this genus, Miarus campanulae (L.), the type species, and Miarus graminis (Bohemann) have recently been split into several new species on the basis of slight external variations. The separation of these new forms has proved impossible and new data was needed. Molecular data were gathered from specimens from a number of locations in Finland, Estonia, Denmark and Sweden. The regions sequenced were mitochondrial CO1 and nuclear ITS2. Both combined and separate datasets were analyzed using the optimization alignment program POY, with parsimony as the optimality criterion. The recently separated Miarus species was found to be indistinguishable from the traditionally recognized form on the basis of this sequence data. On the other hand, the traditionally recognized species were characterized by numerous synapomorphies. Our data suggest that recent studies have underestimated the morphological variation in this genus. We propose that this may also be true for many taxonomically problematic beetle complexes in well‐studied European regions. The idea that molecular evidence will inevitably reveal unnoticed cryptic variation may only apply to poorly known regions. Miarus fennicusKangas, 1978 is placed as a junior synonym of Miarus campanulae (Linnaeus, 1767) syn. nov.© The Willi Hennig Society 2006.
High selectivity in symbiotic associations of lichenized ascomycetes and cyanobacteria
Authors: Stenroos Soili , Högnabba Filip , Myllys Leena , Hyvönen Jaakko , Thell Arne 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe selectivity of mycobionts and cyanobionts in lichen symbioses were examined. We analyzed symbiotic cyanobionts, collected from different sample sites, and compared them to free‐living cyanobacteria Nostoc. Cyanobionts were obtained from lichens assigned to the genera Pseudocyphellaria and Sticta, in particular. Multiple gene loci were screened and direct optimization was used in the phylogenetic analyses. We show that many lichen fungi are strongly selective towards their cyanobionts. Lichenized ascomycetes seem to be able to identify and choose a specific strain, species or a species group of Nostoc with which to associate. The present analyses also suggest that some of the Nostoc taxa may be specialized in symbiotic life with only lichenized ascomycetes. Despite the selectivity observed in fungi, there appears to be no coevolution between the partners. We have also discussed the problems of using the tRNALeu intron as a marker in phylogenetic analyses.© The Willi Hennig Society 2006.
Photosystem II gene sequences ofpsbBandpsbCclarify the phylogenetic position ofVanilla(Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae)
Authors: Cameron Kenneth M. , Carmen Molina M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNucleotide sequences of the plastid genespsbBandpsbCwere obtained for 34 taxa to represent most genera currently classified within Vanilloideae (Orchidaceae). These genes code for two of the subunits that make up the Photosystem II protein P680, and have only rarely been used for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships among plants. We failed to amplifypsbBfrom the achlorophyllous generaCyrtosiaandLecanorchis, but were able to align full length copies ofpsbCsequences from two species ofCyrtosiawith the other taxa. This was not the case for an anomalouspsbCsequence obtained forLecanorchis. Nucleotide variation within each of these genes is sufficient to resolve the major relationships among Vanilloideae, and the combined two‐gene tree is fully resolved at the genus level and highly supported. These gene trees demonstrate with a high degree of confidence (95% jackknife support) that a clade of mostly achlorophyllous tropical vines includingPseudovanillaandErythrorchisare the sister group toVanilla. The two New Caledonian endemic genera of Vanilloideae are sister to this pair, andEpistephiumis sister to all remaining Vanillieae.© The Willi Hennig Society 2006.