bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a Portable Prototype Based on Electrochemical Cholinesterase Biosensor to be Assembled to Soldier Overall for Nerve Agent Detection
Authors: Arduini Fabiana , Neagu Daniela , Dall'Oglio Stefano , Moscone Danila , Palleschi Giuseppe 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn a previous work we have developed a biosensor able to detect the Sarin gas at a concentration of 0.1 mg/m3 with only 30 s of incubation time [1]. In this work, we modified the biosensor in order to integrate it into a miniaturized prototype. The prototype is composed of the cell in which is inserted the biosensor, a little fan able to sampling air and an electronic circuit. The circuit is able to apply the potential, to register the current, to turn on‐off the fan and eventually give an alarm. The system was tested with paraoxon with satisfactory results.
Systemic immunoregulatory and proteogenomic effects of tacrolimus to sirolimus conversion in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Levitsky Josh , Mathew James M. , Abecassis Michael , Tambur Anat , Leventhal Joseph , Chandrasekaran Dhivya , Herrera Nancy , Al-Saden Patrice , Gallon Lorenzo , Abdul-Nabi Anmaar , Yang Guang-Yu , Kurian Sunil M. , Salomon Daniel R. , Miller Joshua 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Immunosuppression (IS) withdrawal from calcineurin inhibitors is only possible in ˜20% of liver transplant recipients. However, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (e.g., sirolimus; SRL) appear to be more immunoregulatory and might promote a tolerant state for withdrawal. Our aim was to determine whether systemic (i.e., blood, marrow, and allograft) signatures of immunoregulation are promoted by conversion from tacrolimus (TAC) to SRL. We therefore performed the following serial assays before and after SRL conversion in liver transplant recipients to test for enhanced markers of immunoregulation: (1) flow-cytometry immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bone marrow aspirates for regulatory T cells (Tregs) (e.g., CD4+CD25+++FOXP3+) and regulatory dendritic cells (DCregs) (immunoglobulin-like transcript 3+/4+); (2) liver biopsy immunohistochemical staining (e.g., FOXP3:CD3 and CD4:CD8 ratios) and immunophenotyping of biopsy-derived Tregs after growth in culture; (3) effects of pre- versus postconversion sera on Treg generation in mixed lymphocyte reactions; (4) peripheral blood nonspecific CD4 responses; and (5) peripheral blood gene transcripts and proteomic profiles. We successfully converted 20 nonimmune, nonviremic recipients (age, 57.2 ± 8.0; 3.5 ± 2.1 years post–liver transplantation) from TAC to SRL for renal dysfunction. Our results demonstrated significant increases in Tregs in PBMCs and marrow and DCregs in PBMCs (P < 0.01) after conversion. In biopsy staining, FOXP3:CD3 and CD4:CD8 ratios were significantly higher after conversion and a number of biopsy cultures developed new or higher FOXP3+ cell growth. Nonspecific CD4 responses did not change. Both pre- and postconversion sera inhibited mixed lymphocyte reactions, although only TAC sera suppressed Treg generation. Finally, 289 novel genes and 22 proteins, several important in immunoregulatory pathways, were expressed after conversion. Conclusions: TAC to SRL conversion increases systemic Tregs, DCregs, and immunoregulatory proteogenomic signatures in liver transplant recipients and may therefore facilitate IS minimization or withdrawal. (Hepatology 2013)
Hibernation does not reduce cortical bone density, area or second moments of inertia in woodchucks (Marmota monax)
Authors: Doherty Alison H. , Frampton Jason D. , Vinyard Christopher J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLong periods of inactivity in most mammals result in bone loss that may not be completely recoverable during an individual's lifetime regardless of future activity. Prolonged inactivity is normal during hibernation, but it remains uncertain whether hibernating mammals suffer decreased bone properties after hibernation that affects survival. We test the hypothesis that relative cortical area (CA), apparent density, bone area fraction (B.Ar/T.Ar), and moments of inertia do not differ between museum samples of woodchucks (Marmota monax) collected before and after hibernation. We used peripheral quantitative computed tomography to examine bone geometry in the femur, tibia, humerus and mandible. We see little evidence for changes in bone measures with hibernation supporting our hypothesis. In fact, when including subadults to increase sample sizes and controlling age statistically, we observed a trend toward increased bone properties following hibernation. Diaphyses were significantly denser in the humerus, femur, and tibia after hibernation, and relative mandibular cortical area was significantly larger. Similarly, relative mechanical indices were significantly larger in the mandible after hibernation. Although tests of individual measures in many cases were not significantly different prehibernation versus posthibernation, the overall pattern of average increase posthibernation was significant for relative CA and densities as well as relative diaphyseal mechanical indices when examining outcomes collectively. The exception to this pattern was a reduction in metaphyseal trabecular bone following hibernation. Individually, only humeral B.Ar/T.Ar was significantly reduced, but the average reduction in trabecular measures post‐hibernation was significant when examined collectively. Because the sample included subadults, we suggest that much of the increased bone relates to their continued growth during hibernation. Our results indicate that woodchucks are more similar to large hibernators that maintain skeletal integrity compared to smaller‐bodied hibernators that may lose bone. This result suggests a potential size‐related trend in bone response to hibernation across mammals. J. Morphol., 2012. © 2012Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Late Quaternary tephrostratigraphy, Ahklun Mountains, SW Alaska
Authors: Kaufman Darrell S. , Jensen Britta J. L. , Reyes Alberto V. , Schiff Caleb J. , Froese Duane G. , Pearce Nicholas J. G. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRadiocarbon‐dated sediment cores from six lakes in the Ahklun Mountains, south‐western Alaska, were used to interpolate the ages of late Quaternary tephra beds ranging in age from 25.4 to 0.4 ka. The lakes are located downwind of the Aleutian Arc and Alaska Peninsula volcanoes in the northern Bristol Bay area between 159° and 161°W at around 60°N. Sedimentation‐rate age models for each lake were based on a published spline‐fit procedure that uses Monte Carlo simulation to determine age model uncertainty. In all, 62 14C ages were used to construct the six age models, including 23 ages presented here for the first time. The age model from Lone Spruce Pond is based on 18 ages, and is currently the best‐resolved Holocene age model available from the region, with an average 2σ age uncertainty of about ± 109 years over the past 14.5 ka. The sedimentary sequence from Lone Spruce Pond contains seven tephra beds, more than previously found in any other lake in the area. Of the 26 radiocarbon‐dated tephra beds at the six lakes and from a soil pit, seven are correlated between two or more sites based on their ages. The major‐element geochemistry of glass shards from most of these tephra beds supports the age‐based correlations. The remaining tephra beds appear to be present at only one site based on their unique geochemistry or age. The 5.8 ka tephra is similar to the widespread Aniakchak tephra [3.7 ± 0.2 (1σ) ka], but can be distinguished conclusively based on its trace‐element geochemistry. The 3.1 and 0.4 ka tephras have glass major‐ and trace‐element geochemical compositions indistinguishable from prominent Aniakchak tephra, and might represent redeposited beds. Only two tephra beds are found in all lakes: the Aniakchak tephra (3.7 ± 0.2 ka) and Tephra B (6.1 ± 0.3 ka). The tephra beds can be used as chronostratigraphic markers for other sedimentary sequences in the region, including cores from Cascade and Sunday lakes, which were previously undated and were analyzed in this study to correlate with the new regional tephrostratigraphy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased expression of HMGB1 is associated with poor prognosis in human bladder cancer
Authors: Yang Guo‐Liang , Zhang Lian‐Hua , Bo Juan‐Jie , Huo Xiao‐Jiao , Chen Hai‐Ge , Cao Ming , Liu Dong‐Ming , Huang Yi‐Ran 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveHigh‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a versatile protein with intranuclear and extracellular functions that is involved in numerous biological and pathological processes, such as transcription, DNA repair, and response to infection and inflammation. HMGB1 overexpression has been reported in a variety of human cancers. However, the clinical significance of HMGB1 expression in bladder cancer (BC) remains unclear. This study is aimed to investigate the correlations between HMGB1 expression and prognosis in patients with BC.MethodsHMGB1 protein expression in 164 primary BC tissue specimens was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and its association with clinicopathologic factors and prognosis was also analyzed.ResultsHMGB1 protein had high expression in 87 of 164 cases of BC (53%). HMGB1 overexpression was significantly associated with tumor grade (P < 0.001), and stage (P = 0.001). The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that HMGB1 expression was significantly associated with shorter disease‐free survival and overall survival (both P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis further demonstrated that HMGB1 was an independent prognostic factor for patients with BC.ConclusionsHMGB1 might be a new molecular marker to predict the prognosis of patients with BC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:57–61. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rate constants for hydrogen abstraction by HȮ2 from n‐butanol
Authors: Zhou Chong‐Wen , Simmie John M. , Curran Henry J. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRate constants of hydrogen‐atom abstraction from n‐butanol by the HȮ2 radical have been calculated. Conventional transition state theory employing rigid‐rotor harmonic‐oscillator approximations for all but the torsional degrees of freedom is used with tight transition states. The Pitzer–Gwinn‐like approximation using Fourier fits to internal rotations was applied to determine the one‐dimensional hindered potentials. Asymmetric Eckart barriers were used to model tunneling in one‐dimensional through saddle points. Activation entropies for all of the reaction channels have been determined. Hydrogen bonds formed in the transition states lead to ring structures, which lower the energy barrier and thus an increase in the rate constant for abstraction. Conversely, entropy is lost when the ring structure is formed and this decreases the frequency factor for abstraction; therefore, both of these effect influence the rate constants in opposite ways. Abstraction of an α hydrogen atom is dominant throughout the whole temperature range, and the branching ratio decreases from 96.1% at 500 K to 46.6% at 2000 K. As the carbon chain lengthens, the influence from the OH group lessens and hence δ hydrogens behave in a similar fashion to primary H‐atoms in n‐butane. The estimated uncertainty for the individual rate constants is a factor of 2.5. Computed total, kt, and individual rate constants, based on the CCSD(T)/cc‐pVTZ//MP2/6‐311G(d,p) potential energy surface, in the temperature range of 500–2000 K for n‐butanol + HȮ2 are reported as follows (cm3 mol−1 s−1):

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© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 155–164, 2012
Effect of weld metal chemistry on stress corrosion cracking behavior of AISI 444 ferritic stainless steel weldments in boiling chloride solution
Authors: Antunes P. D. , Correa E. O. , Barbosa R. P. , Silva E. M. , Padilha A. F. , Guimaraes P. M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe influence of the weld metal chemistry on the susceptibility of AISI 444 ferritic stainless steel (FSS) weldment to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in hot chloride was investigated by constant load tests and metallographic examination. Two types of filler metal of austenitic stainless steel (E316L and E309L) were used in order to produce fusion zones of different chemical compositions. The SCC test results showed that the interface between the fusion zone (FZ) and the heat affected zone (HAZ) was the most susceptible region to SCC. Results also showed that the AISI 444 stainless steel weldment with E309L weld metal presented the best SSC resistance. Microstructural examinations indicated that the cracks initiated in the weld metal and propagated to the HAZ of the AISI 444 FSS, where the fracture occurred and it was observed a considerable amount of precipitates. Additionally, the higher SCC resistance of the AISI 444 FSS weldment with E309L weld metal may be attributed to the presence of a discontinuous delta‐ferrite network in its microstructure, which acted as a barrier to cracks propagation from the fusion zone to the HAZ/fusion zone interface of AISI 444 FSS. Fractrography analyses showed that the transgranular quasi‐cleavage fracture mode was predominant in the AISI 444 weldment with E316L weld metal and the mixed fracture mode was the predominant in the AISI 444 weldment with E309L weld metal.
A novel method to determine the flow accelerated corrosion rate in the elbow
Authors: Zhu X. L. , Lu X. F. , Ling X. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFlow‐accelerated corrosion (FAC) is the most common failure in nuclear power plants. The FAC rate conforms to the experimental results in lab, which are calculated by some other FAC rate prediction models. However, when these models are employed to calculate the FAC rate of the elbow, the result is opposite to actual situation of failure of the elbow. In this paper, a new prediction model is proposed to calculate the flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) rate in the elbow, which combine the steady‐state mass transfer model of electrochemical theory and one‐dimensional galvanic corrosion model. Firstly, the distribution of velocity in the elbow is counted by FLUENT. Secondly, the free corrosion potential and the free corrosion current density are calculated by steady‐state mass transfer model. At last, the novel model is used to obtain the FAC rate of the elbow. The result will show that the FAC rate of the outward bend of the elbow is two‐orders than the inward bend of the elbow. The outward bend of elbow is the defective position, which accords with the statistical result of Kuen Ting et al.
The influence of secondary phase carbide particles on the passivity behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloys
Authors: Neelakantan L. , Monchev B. , Frotscher M. , Eggeler G. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe current investigation aims at studying the passivity behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloys with different levels of secondary phase titanium carbide (TiC) particles in an electrolyte of 0.9% sodium chloride at 37 °C. The influence of carbides and thermo‐mechanical treatment/cold working on the passivity breakdown is highlighted. The polarisation studies on the as‐cast and cold worked NiTi with high (0.05 wt%) and low (0.005 wt%) carbon levels show a significant difference in oxide stability. The alloy with extremely low carbon content shows a higher breakdown potential. Higher carbon levels result in higher density of larger TiC and these carbide/matrix interfaces are more susceptible to pitting. The qualitative behaviour of passive layer formed at 0.5 V on the cold worked NiTi alloy with different carbon levels was ascertained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The oxide on the NiTi alloy with high (0.05 wt%) carbon levels showed lower resistance and poor stability at this condition.
On the free implicative semilattice extension of a Hilbert algebra
Authors: Celani Sergio A. , Jansana Ramon 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHilbert algebras provide the equivalent algebraic semantics in the sense of Blok and Pigozzi to the implication fragment of intuitionistic logic. They are closely related to implicative semilattices. Porta proved that every Hilbert algebra has a free implicative semilattice extension. In this paper we introduce the notion of an optimal deductive filter of a Hilbert algebra and use it to provide a different proof of the existence of the free implicative semilattice extension of a Hilbert algebra as well as a simplified characterization of it. The optimal deductive filters turn out to be the traces in the Hilbert algebra of the prime filters of the distributive lattice free extension of the free implicative semilattice extension of the Hilbert algebra. To define the concept of optimal deductive filter we need to introduce the concept of a strong Frink ideal for Hilbert algebras which generalizes the concept of a Frink ideal for posets.
Gorenstein projective and flat complexes over noetherian rings
Authors: Enochs E. , Estrada S. , Iacob A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWe give sufficient conditions on a class of R‐modules \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathcal {C}$\end{document} in order for the class of complexes of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathcal {C}$\end{document}‐modules, \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$dw \mathcal {C}$\end{document}, to be covering in the category of complexes of R‐modules. More precisely, we prove that if \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathcal {C}$\end{document} is precovering in R − Mod and if \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathcal {C}$\end{document} is closed under direct limits, direct products, and extensions, then the class \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$dw \mathcal {C}$\end{document} is covering in Ch(R). Our first application concerns the class of Gorenstein flat modules. We show that when the ring R is two sided noetherian, a complex C is Gorenstein flat if and only if each module Cn is Gorenstein flat. If moreover every direct product of Gorenstein flat modules is a Gorenstein flat module, then the class of Gorenstein flat complexes is covering. We consider Gorenstein projective complexes as well. We prove that if R is a commutative noetherian ring of finite Krull dimension, then the class of Gorenstein projective complexes coincides with that of complexes of Gorenstein projective modules. We also show that if R is commutative noetherian with a dualizing complex then every right bounded complex has a Gorenstein projective precover.
Apathy in Parkinson's disease: Diagnostic and etiological dilemmas
Authors: Starkstein Sergio E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAbout one‐third of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are diagnosed with apathy in cross‐sectional studies. However, once patients with concomitant depression and dementia are excluded, the frequency of apathy drops to 5% to 10%. Several scales have been recommended to rate apathy in PD, but specific psychiatric interviews have not been developed, and recently proposed standardized diagnostic criteria are still in the validation process. Most studies assessing the association between subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) and apathy have reported a relative increase in the frequency and severity of apathy, although discrepant findings have also been reported. Several mechanisms to explain apathy in PD have been proposed, from dopaminergic imbalances in frontal‐basal ganglia circuits to dysfunction of nondopaminergic circuits and the cingulate gyrus. Future studies should provide reliable and valid instruments to diagnose apathy in PD, and should examine the mechanism of apathy accounting for relevant confounders, such as depression and cognitive deficits, and important contextual factors. Finally, treatment for apathy in PD should not be restricted to psychoactive drugs, but should also include nonpharmacological techniques such as psychotherapy and occupational therapy. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Anesthesia Information Management Systems: Past, Present, and Future of Anesthesia Records
Authors: Kadry Bassam , Feaster William W. , Macario Alex , Ehrenfeld Jesse M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDocumenting a patient's anesthetic in the medical record is quite different from summarizing an office visit, writing a surgical procedure note, or recording other clinical encounters. Some of the biggest differences are the frequent sampling of physiologic data, volume of data, and diversity of data collected. The goal of the anesthesia record is to accurately and comprehensively capture a patient's anesthetic experience in a succinct format. Having ready access to physiologic trends is essential to allowing anesthesiologists to make proper diagnoses and treatment decisions. Although the value provided by anesthesia information management systems and their functions may be different than other electronic health records, the real benefits of an anesthesia information management system depend on having it fully integrated with the other health information technologies. An anesthesia information management system is built around the electronic anesthesia record and incorporates anesthesia‐relevant data pulled from disparate systems such as laboratory, billing, imaging, communication, pharmacy, and scheduling. The ability of an anesthesia information management system to collect data automatically enables anesthesiologists to reliably create an accurate record at all times, regardless of other concurrent demands. These systems also have the potential to convert large volumes of data into actionable information for outcomes research and quality‐improvement initiatives. Developing a system to validate the data is crucial in conducting outcomes research using large datasets. Technology innovations outside of healthcare, such as multitouch interfaces, near‐instant software response times, powerful but simple search capabilities, and intuitive designs, have raised the bar for users' expectations of health information technology. Mt Sinai J Med 79:154–165, 2012. © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Integrating Perioperative Information From Divergent Sources
Authors: Frost Elizabeth A. M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe enormous diversity of physician practices, including specialists, and patient requirements and comorbidities make integration of appropriate perioperative information difficult. Lack of communicating computer systems adds to the difficulty of assembling data. Meta analysis and evidence‐based studies indicate that far too many tests are performed perioperatively. Guidelines for appropriate perioperative management have been formulated by several specialties. Education as to current findings and requirements should be better communicated to surgeons, consultants, and patients to improve healthcare needs and at the same time decrease costs. Means to better communication by interpersonal collaboration are outlined. Mt Sinai J Med 79:3–12, 2012. © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine