bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First principles modelling of the ion binding capacity of finger millet
Authors: Yong Wei Cong Matthew , Devi Apramita , Lin Tsair-Fuh , Chappell Helen F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFinger millet, a cereal grain widely consumed in India and Africa, has gained more attention in recent years due to its high dietary fibre (arabinoxylan) and trace mineral content, and its climate resilience. The aim of this study was to understand the interactions between potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+) and zinc (Zn2+) ions and the arabinoxylan structure and determine its ion-binding capacity. Three variations of a proposed model of the arabinoxylan structure were constructed and first principles Density Functional Theory calculations were carried out to determine the cation-binding capacity of the arabinoxylan complexes. Zn2+-arabinoxylan complexes were highly unstable and thermodynamically unfavourable in all three models. Ca2+ and K+ ions, however, form thermodynamically stable complexes, particularly involving two glucuronic acid residues as a binding pocket. Glucuronic acid residues are found to play a key role in stabilising the cation-arabinoxylan complex, and steric effects are more important to the stability than charge density. Our results highlight the most important structural features of the millet fibre regarding ion-storage capacity, and provide valuable preliminary data for confirmatory experimental studies and for the planning of clinical trials where the bioavailability of bound ions following digestion may be tested.
Cost and competitiveness of green hydrogen and the effects of the European Union regulatory framework
Authors: Brandt Jonathan , Iversen Thore , Eckert Christoph , Peterssen Florian , Bensmann Boris , Bensmann Astrid , Beer Michael , Weyer Hartmut , Hanke-Rauschenbach Richard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBy passing the delegated acts supplementing the revised Renewable Energy Directive, the European Commission has recently set a regulatory benchmark for the classification of green hydrogen in the European Union. Controversial reactions to the restricted power purchase for electrolyser operation reflect the need for more clarity about the effects of the delegated acts on the cost and the renewable characteristics of green hydrogen. To resolve this controversy, we compare different power purchase scenarios, considering major uncertainty factors such as electricity prices and the availability of renewables in various European locations. We show that the permission for unrestricted electricity mix usage does not necessarily lead to an emission intensity increase, partially debilitating concerns by the European Commission, and could notably decrease green hydrogen production cost. Furthermore, our results indicate that the transitional regulations adopted to support a green hydrogen production ramp-up can result in similar cost reductions and ensure high renewable electricity usage.
Rapidly declining costs of truck batteries and fuel cells enable large-scale road freight electrification
Authors: Link Steffen , Stephan Annegret , Speth Daniel , Plötz Patrick 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLow-carbon road freight transport is pivotal in mitigating global warming. Nonetheless, electrifying heavy-duty vehicles poses a tremendous challenge due to high technical requirements and cost competitiveness. Data on future truck costs are scarce and uncertain, complicating assessments of the future role of zero-emission truck (ZET) technologies. Here we derive most likely cost developments for price setting ZET components by meta forecasting from more than 200 original sources. We find that costs are primed to decline much faster than expected, with significant differences between scientific and near-market estimates. Specifically, battery system costs could drop by 64% to 75% and fall below €150 kWh−1 by no later than 2035, whereas fuel cell system costs may exhibit even higher cost reductions but are unlikely to reach €100 kW−1 before the early 2040s. This fast cost decline supports an optimistic view on the ZET market diffusion and has substantial implications for future energy and transport systems.
ReMIND: The Brain Resection Multimodal Imaging Database
Authors: Juvekar Parikshit , Dorent Reuben , Kögl Fryderyk , Torio Erickson , Barr Colton , Rigolo Laura , Galvin Colin , Jowkar Nick , Kazi Anees , Haouchine Nazim , Cheema Harneet , Navab Nassir , Pieper Steve , Wells William M. , Bi Wenya Linda , Golby Alexandra , Frisken Sarah , Kapur Tina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe standard of care for brain tumors is maximal safe surgical resection. Neuronavigation augments the surgeon’s ability to achieve this but loses validity as surgery progresses due to brain shift. Moreover, gliomas are often indistinguishable from surrounding healthy brain tissue. Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) and ultrasound (iUS) help visualize the tumor and brain shift. iUS is faster and easier to incorporate into surgical workflows but offers a lower contrast between tumorous and healthy tissues than iMRI. With the success of data-hungry Artificial Intelligence algorithms in medical image analysis, the benefits of sharing well-curated data cannot be overstated. To this end, we provide the largest publicly available MRI and iUS database of surgically treated brain tumors, including gliomas (n = 92), metastases (n = 11), and others (n = 11). This collection contains 369 preoperative MRI series, 320 3D iUS series, 301 iMRI series, and 356 segmentations collected from 114 consecutive patients at a single institution. This database is expected to help brain shift and image analysis research and neurosurgical training in interpreting iUS and iMRI.
Analysis of AlphaMissense data in different protein groups and structural context
Authors: Tordai Hedvig , Torres Odalys , Csepi Máté , Padányi Rita , Lukács Gergely L. , Hegedűs Tamás 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSingle amino acid substitutions can profoundly affect protein folding, dynamics, and function. The ability to discern between benign and pathogenic substitutions is pivotal for therapeutic interventions and research directions. Given the limitations in experimental examination of these variants, AlphaMissense has emerged as a promising predictor of the pathogenicity of missense variants. Since heterogenous performance on different types of proteins can be expected, we assessed the efficacy of AlphaMissense across several protein groups (e.g. soluble, transmembrane, and mitochondrial proteins) and regions (e.g. intramembrane, membrane interacting, and high confidence AlphaFold segments) using ClinVar data for validation. Our comprehensive evaluation showed that AlphaMissense delivers outstanding performance, with MCC scores predominantly between 0.6 and 0.74. We observed low performance on disordered datasets and ClinVar data related to the CFTR ABC protein. However, a superior performance was shown when benchmarked against the high quality CFTR2 database. Our results with CFTR emphasizes AlphaMissense’s potential in pinpointing functional hot spots, with its performance likely surpassing benchmarks calculated from ClinVar and ProteinGym datasets.
Reducing delivery insurance costs through risk score model for food delivery company
Authors: Panham Diogo Silva , Louzada Francisco , Ramos Pedro L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel pricing model for delivery insurance in a food delivery company in Latin America, with the aim of reducing the high costs associated with the premium paid to the insurer. To achieve this goal, a thorough analysis was conducted to estimate the probability of losses based on delivery routes, transportation modes, and delivery drivers’ profiles. A large amount of data was collected and used as a database, and various statistical models and machine learning techniques were employed to construct a comprehensive risk profile and perform risk classification. Based on the risk classification and the estimated probability associated with it, a new pricing model for delivery insurance was developed using advanced mathematical algorithms and machine learning techniques. This new pricing model took into account the pattern of loss occurrence and high and low-risk behaviors, resulting in a significant reduction of insurance costs for both the contracting company and the insurer. The proposed pricing model also allowed for greater flexibility in insurance contracting, making it more accessible and appealing to delivery drivers. The use of estimated loss probabilities and a risk score for the pricing of delivery insurance proved to be a highly effective and efficient alternative for reducing the high costs associated with insurance, while also improving the profitability and competitiveness of the food delivery company in Latin America.
Establishment, characterization, and genetic profiling of patient-derived osteosarcoma cells from a patient with retinoblastoma
Authors: Thongkumkoon Patcharawadee , Sangphukieo Apiwat , Tongjai Siripong , Noisagul Pitiporn , Sangkhathat Surasak , Laochareonsuk Wison , Kamolphiwong Rawikant , Budprom Piyaporn , Teeyakasem Pimpisa , Yongpitakwattana Petlada , Thepbundit Viraporn , Sirikaew Nutnicha , Klangjorhor Jeerawan , Settakorn Jongkolnee , Moonmuang Sutpirat , Suksakit Pathacha , Pasena Arnat , Chaijaruwanich Jeerayut , Yathongkhum Wilawan , Dissook Sivamoke , Pruksakorn Dumnoensun , Chaiyawat Parunya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone cancer in pediatric patients. Patients who respond poorly to chemotherapy experience worse clinical outcomes with a high mortality rate. The major challenge is the lack of effective drugs for these patients. To introduce new drugs for clinical approval, preclinical studies based on in vitro models must demonstrate the potency of the tested drugs, enabling the drugs to enter phase 1 clinical trials. Patient-derived cell culture is a promising testing platform for in vitro studies, as they more accurately recapitulate cancer states and genetic profiles compared to cell lines. In the present study, we established patient-derived osteosarcoma cells (PDC) from a patient who had previously been diagnosed with retinoblastoma. We identified a new variant of a germline mutation in the RB1 gene in the tissue of the patient. The biological effects of this PDC were studied to observe whether the cryopreserved PDC retained a feature of fresh PDC. The cryopreserved PDC preserved the key biological effects, including cell growth, invasive capability, migration, and mineralization, that define the conserved phenotypes compared to fresh PDC. From whole genome sequencing analysis of osteosarcoma tissue and patient-derived cells, we found that cryopreserved PDC was a minor population in the origin tissue and was selectively grown under the culture conditions. The cryopreserved PDC has a high resistance to conventional chemotherapy. This study demonstrated that the established cryopreserved PDC has the aggressive characteristics of osteosarcoma, in particular the chemoresistance phenotype that might be used for further investigation in the chemoresistant mechanism of osteosarcoma. In conclusion, the approach we applied for primary cell culture might be a promising method to generate in vitro models for functional testing of osteosarcoma.
Measles second dose vaccine uptake and its associated factors among children aged 24–35 months in Northwest Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Taffie Worku , Temesgen Habtamu , Ashebir Wassachew , Mekonen Habitamu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMeasles is a major public health problem in under-five children, leading to lifelong complications. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the magnitude of measles second-dose vaccine uptake and its determinants among children aged 24–35 months in Northwest Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 418 children aged 24–35 months in Northwest Ethiopia between January 2022 and February 2022. A simple random sampling technique was used to access study subjects. A binary logistic regression model was employed. An adjusted odd ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a p-value < 0.05 was used to declare significant predictors of measles second dose vaccine uptake. The magnitude of the measles second dose vaccine uptake among children aged 24–35 months was 41.39%. Postnatal care visits (AOR: 4.78, CI 1.49, 15.34), child vaccination status of other scheduled vaccines (AOR: 3.88, CI 2.23, 6.73), awareness of the measles second dose vaccine and its schedule (AOR: 8.924, CI 5.27, 15.09), and distance from the vaccination center (AOR: 0.21, CI 0.06, 0.77) were significantly associated with measles second dose vaccine uptake. The uptake of measles second dose vaccine in the study area was low. Therefore, health workers and other partners should initiate awareness creation programs for mothers/caretaker to improve the uptake of measles second dose vaccine.
Robust detection and refinement of saliency identification
Authors: Makram Abram W. , Salem Nancy M. , El-Wakad Mohamed T. , Al-Atabany Walid 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSalient object detection is an increasingly popular topic in the computer vision field, particularly for images with complex backgrounds and diverse object parts. Background information is an essential factor in detecting salient objects. This paper suggests a robust and effective methodology for salient object detection. This method involves two main stages. The first stage is to produce a saliency detection map based on the dense and sparse reconstruction of image regions using a refined background dictionary. The refined background dictionary uses a boundary conductivity measurement to exclude salient object regions near the image's boundary from a background dictionary. In the second stage, the CascadePSP network is integrated to refine and correct the local boundaries of the saliency mask to highlight saliency objects more uniformly. Using six evaluation indexes, experimental outcomes conducted on three datasets show that the proposed approach performs effectively compared to the state-of-the-art methods in salient object detection, particularly in identifying the challenging salient objects located near the image's boundary. These results demonstrate the potential of the proposed framework for various computer vision applications.
Cumulative costs of severe traffic injuries in Finland: a 2-year retrospective observational study of 252 patients
Authors: Riuttanen Antti , Karjalainen Erkka , Jokihaara Jarkko , Huttunen Tuomas T. , Mattila Ville M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRoad traffic injuries cause considerable financial strain on health care systems worldwide. We retrospectively analyzed injury-related costs of 252 severely injured (New Injury Severity Score, NISS ≥ 16) patients treated at Tampere University Hospital (TAUH) between 2013 and 2017, with 2-year follow-up. The costs were divided into direct treatment, indirect costs, and other costs. We analyzed various injury- and patient-related factors with costs. The total costs during the 2-year study period were 20 million euros. Median cost was 41,202 euros (Q1 23,409 euros, Q3 97,726 euros), ranging from 2,753 euros to 549,787 euros. The majority of costs (69.1%) were direct treatment costs, followed by indirect costs (28.4%). Other costs were small (5.4%). Treatment costs increased with the severity of the injury or when the injury affected the lower extremities or the face. Indirect costs were higher in working age patients and in patients with a higher level of education. The relative proportions of direct and indirect costs were constant regardless of the amount of the total costs. The largest share of costs was caused by a relatively small proportion of high-cost patients during the 1st year after injury. Combined, this makes planning of resource use challenging and calls for further studies to further identify factors for highest costs.
Design of a sustainable system for wastewater treatment and generation of biofuels based on the biomass of the aquatic plant Eichhornia Crassipes
Authors: Sayago Uriel Fernando Carreño , Gómez-Caicedo Melva Inés , Mercado Suárez Álvaro Luis 
Published: May 2024

AbstractColombia’s continuous contamination of water resources and the low alternatives to produce biofuels have affected the fulfillment of the objectives of sustainable development, deteriorating the environment and affecting the economic productivity of this country. Due to this reality, projects on environmental and economic sustainability, phytoremediation, and the production of biofuels such as ethanol and hydrogen were combined. The objective of this article was to design and develop a sustainable system for wastewater treatment and the generation of biofuels based on the biomass of the aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes. A system that simulates an artificial wetland with live E. crassipes plants was designed and developed, removing organic matter contaminants; subsequently, and continuing the sustainability project, bioreactors were designed, adapted, and started up to produce bioethanol and biohydrogen with the hydrolyzed biomass used in the phytoremediation process, generating around 12 g/L of bioethanol and around 81 ml H2/g. The proposed research strategy suggests combining two sustainable methods, bioremediation and biofuel production, to preserve the natural beauty of water systems and their surroundings.
Stretchable electronic strips for electronic textiles enabled by 3D helical structure
Authors: Stanley Jessica , Kunovski Phil , Hunt John A. , Wei Yang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development of stretchable electronic devices is a critical area of research for wearable electronics, particularly electronic textiles (e-textiles), where electronic devices embedded in clothing need to stretch and bend with the body. While stretchable electronics technologies exist, none have been widely adopted. This work presents a novel and potentially transformative approach to stretchable electronics using a ubiquitous structure: the helix. A strip of flexible circuitry (‘e-strip’) is twisted to form a helical ribbon, transforming it from flexible to stretchable. A stretchable core—in this case rubber cord—supports the structure, preventing damage from buckling. Existing helical electronics have only extended to stretchable interconnects between circuit modules, and individual components such as printed helical transistors. Fully stretchable circuits have, until now, only been produced in planar form: flat circuits, either using curved geometry to enable them to stretch, or using inherently stretchable elastomer substrates. Helical e-strips can bend along multiple axes, and repeatedly stretch between 30 and 50%, depending on core material and diameter. LED and temperature sensing helical e-strips are demonstrated, along with design rules for helical e-strip fabrication. Widely available materials and standard fabrication processes were prioritized to maximize scalability and accessibility.
Comparative transcriptomic and physiological analyses unravel wheat source root adaptation to phosphorous deficiency
Authors: Luo Daozhen , Usman Muhammad , Pang Fei , Zhang Wenjie , Qin Ying , Li Qing , Li Yangrui , Xing Yongxiu , Dong Dengfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is a crucial macronutrient for plant growth and development. Basic metabolic processes regulate growth; however, the molecular detail of these pathways under low phosphorous (LP) in wheat is still unclear. This study aims to elucidate the varied regulatory pathways responses to LP stress in wheat genotypes. Phenotypic, physiological, and transcriptome analyses were conducted on Fielder (P efficient) and Ardito (P inefficient) wheat genotypes after four days of normal phosphorous (NP) and LP stress. In response to LP, Fielder outperformed Ardito, displaying higher chlorophyll content-SPAD values (13%), plant height (45%), stem diameter (12%), shoot dry weight (42%), and root biomass (75%). Root structure analysis revealed that Fielder had greater total root length (50%), surface area (56%), volume (15%), and diameter (4%) than Ardito under LP. These findings highlight Fielder’s superior performance and adaptation to LP stress. Transcriptome analysis of wheat genotype roots identified 3029 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Fielder and 1430 in Ardito, highlighting LP-induced changes. Key DEGs include acid phosphatases (PAPs), phosphate transporters (PHT1 and PHO1), SPX, and transcription factors (MYB, bHLH, and WRKY). KEGG enrichment analysis revealed key pathways like plant hormones signal transduction, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and carbohydrate biosynthesis metabolism. This study unveils crucial genes and the intricate regulatory process in wheat’s response to LP stress, offering genetic insights for enhancing plant P utilization efficiency.
FT-Raman and FTIR spectroscopy as a tools showing marker of platinum-resistant phenomena in women suffering from ovarian cancer
Authors: Kluz-Barłowska Marta , Kluz Tomasz , Paja Wiesław , Pancerz Krzysztof , Łączyńska-Madera Monika , Miziak Paulina , Cebulski Jozef , Depciuch Joanna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlatinum-resistant phenomena in ovarian cancer is very dangerous for women suffering from this disease, because reduces the chances of complete recovery. Unfortunately, until now there are no methods to verify whether a woman with ovarian cancer is platinum-resistant. Importantly, histopathology images also were not shown differences in the ovarian cancer between platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive tissues. Therefore, in this study, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) and FT-Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to find chemical differences between platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer tissues. Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and machine learning methods were performed to show if it possible to differentiate these two kind of tissues as well as to propose spectroscopy marker of platinum-resistant. Indeed, obtained results showed, that in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer tissues higher amount of phospholipids, proteins and lipids were visible, however when the ratio between intensities of peaks at 1637 cm−1 (FTIR) and at 2944 cm−1 (Raman) and every peaks in spectra was calculated, difference between groups of samples were not noticed. Moreover, structural changes visible as a shift of peaks were noticed for C–O–C, C–H bending and amide II bonds. PCA clearly showed, that PC1 can be used to differentiate platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer tissues, while two-trace two-dimensional correlation spectra (2T2D-COS) showed, that only in amide II, amide I and asymmetric CH lipids vibrations correlation between two analyzed types of tissues were noticed. Finally, machine learning algorithms showed, that values of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were near to 100% for FTIR and around 95% for FT-Raman spectroscopy. Using decision tree peaks at 1777 cm−1, 2974 cm−1 (FTIR) and 1714 cm−1, 2817 cm−1 (FT-Raman) were proposed as spectroscopy marker of platinum-resistant.