bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Surface Plasmon Resonance and Field‐Enhanced Light Scattering: Monomer Copolymerization with a Polysiloxane‐Conjugated Polythiophene Network Precursor
Authors: Baba Akira , Xia Chuanjun , Knoll Wolfgang , Advincula Rigoberto C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe in situ electrochemical and dielectric film properties of monomer co‐electropolymerization with a CPN precursor was investigated. A polysiloxane/polythiophene precursor was electropolymerized with thiophene monomer at different composition ratios using cyclic voltammetry. This was investigated in situ by EC‐SPR spectroscopy and EC‐SPFELS. The characteristic oscillations corresponded to distinct transitions in film deposition. The resonance coupling of the SPR decreased with higher thiophene monomer content. Increasing the amount of thiophene monomer increased the RMS roughness of the film as observed by AFM, which corresponded to an increase in scattered light intensity with EC‐SPFELS. magnified image
Fabrication of Two Kinds of Polymer Microspheres Stabilized by Modified Titania during Pickering Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Zhao Yongliang , Wang Haitao , Song Xiaomei , Du Qiangguo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTwo kinds of PS microspheres with different structures are prepared in one reaction system via Pickering emulsion polymerization. As the stabilizer, titania nanoparticles are modified by oleic acid or sodium oleate and then investigated using aqueous electrophoresis measurements, DLS and oil/water partitioning experiments. The morphology of the resulting polymer microspheres is characterized using TEM and FE‐SEM. It is proven that the surface structure of the titania nanoparticles determines the polymerization routes it adopts and affects the morphology of the final polymer microspheres. magnified image
Mechanical Properties and Morphology Studies of Thermosets from a Liquid‐Crystalline Epoxy Resin with Biphenol and Aromatic Ester Groups
Authors: Liu Yin‐Ling , Cai Zhi‐Qi , Wang Wei‐Cheng , Wen Xiufang , Pi Pihui , Zheng Dafeng , Cheng Jiang , Yang Zhuoru 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLiquid‐crystalline epoxy thermosets were prepared by adding M1 into DGEBA/DDM blends. M2 was added to DGEBA/DDM to produce thermosets for comparison. The influences of the concentration and chemical structure on the mechanical and thermal properties were investigated systematically. The M1/DGEBA blends possessed increased rubbery plateau modulus, higher glass transition temperatures, and lower tan δ. The use of small amounts of M1 may improve the mechanical properties greatly. Izod notched impact strength could be enhanced by 55% by addition of 2% M1 compared to unmodified DGEBA blends. Extremely rough and highly deformed fracture surface could be obtained in the M1/DGEBA blends. M1/DGEBA blends also exhibited excellent thermal properties. magnified image
On the Incorrectness of the Factor 2 in the Radical Termination Equation
Authors: Szymanski Ryszard 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe IUPAC recommended factor 2 preceding rate coefficients in the radical termination kinetic equations is claimed to be incorrect and confusing. This recommendation can lead to incorrect analysis of experimental data, especially while applying kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The statement is based on the derivation of the corresponding relationships. magnified image
Rapid screening of ATP13A2 variant with high‐resolution melting analysis
Authors: Funayama Manabu , Tomiyama Hiroyuki , Wu Ruey‐Meei , Ogaki Kotaro , Yoshino Hiroyo , Mizuno Yoshikuni , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSeveral genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, a novel variant of ATP13A2 (p.A746T) responsible for PARK9 was reported as a risk factor for PD in the Han‐Chinese population. To investigate the role of this variant in Japanese PD patients, we examined 917 Japanese PD patients (871 index cases) and 190 controls by high‐resolution melting curve analysis. We detected heterozygous p.A746T variant in a single patient with sporadic PD and a single control subject. These results suggest that ATP13A2 p.A746T variant is unlikely to play a role as a common risk factor or a pathogenic mutation for PD at least in Japanese. Our data on Japanese differ from those reported recently on Han‐Chinese. Further studies are needed to confirm conclusions on roles of ATP13A2 variant in Asians or other populations. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society.
Stability of a combined finite element ‐ finite volume discretization of convection‐diffusion equations
Authors: Deuring Paul , Mildner Marcus 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe consider a time‐dependent and a stationary convection‐diffusion equation. These equations are approximated by a combined finite element – finite volume method: the diffusion term is discretized by Crouzeix‐Raviart piecewise linear finite elements on a triangular grid, and the convection term by upwind barycentric finite volumes. In the nonstationary case, we use an implicit Euler approach for time discretization. This scheme is shown to beL2‐stable uniformly with respect to the diffusion coefficient. In addition, it turns out that stability is unconditional in the time‐dependent case. These results hold if the underlying grid satisfies a condition that is fulfilled, for example, by some structured meshes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 402–424, 2012
Robust residual‐ and recovery‐based a posteriori error estimators for interface problems with flux jumps
Authors: Cai Zhiqiang , Zhang Shun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFor elliptic interface problems with flux jumps, this article studies robust residual‐ and recovery‐based a posteriori error estimators for the conforming finite element approximation. The residual estimator is a natural extension of that developed in [Bernardi and Verfürth, Numer Math 85 (2000), 579–608; Petzoldt, Adv Comp Math 16 (2002), 47–75], and the recovery estimator is a nontrivial extension of our method developed in Cai and Zhang, SIAM J Numer Anal 47 (2009) 2132–2156. It is shown theoretically that reliability and efficiency bounds of these error estimators are independent of the jumps provided that the distribution of the coefficients is locally monotone. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28:476–491, 2012
Spectral approximation for drainage of an Elastico‐viscous liquid and error analysis
Authors: Akyildiz F. Talay , Siginer Dennis A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA Fourier‐Galerkin spectral method is proposed and used to analyze a system of quasilinear partial differential equations governing the drainage of liquids of the Oldroyd four‐constant type. It is shown that, Fourier‐Galerkin approximations are convergent with spectral accuracy. An efficient and accurate algorithm based on the Fourier‐Galerkin approximations to the system of quasilinear partial differential equations are developed and implemented. Numerical results indicating the high accuracy and effectiveness of this algorithm are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 492–505, 2012
A class of discontinuous Petrov–Galerkin methods. II. Optimal test functions
Authors: Demkowicz L. , Gopalakrishnan J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe lay out a program for constructing discontinuous Petrov–Galerkin (DPG) schemes having test function spaces that are automatically computable to guarantee stability. Given a trial space, a DPG discretization using its optimal test space counterpart inherits stability from the well posedness of the undiscretized problem. Although the question of stable test space choice had attracted the attention of many previous authors, the novelty in our approach lies in the fact we identify a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) framework wherein test functions, arbitrarily close to the optimal ones, can be locally computed. The idea is presented abstractly and its feasibility illustrated through several theoretical and numerical examples. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
Condition number estimates for combined potential integral operators in acoustics and their boundary element discretisation
Authors: Betcke T. , Chandler‐Wilde S.N. , Graham I.G. , Langdon S. , Lindner M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe consider the classical coupled, combined‐field integral equation formulations for time‐harmonic acoustic scattering by a sound soft bounded obstacle. In recent work, we have proved lower and upper bounds on the L2 condition numbers for these formulations and also on the norms of the classical acoustic single‐ and double‐layer potential operators. These bounds to some extent make explicit the dependence of condition numbers on the wave number k, the geometry of the scatterer, and the coupling parameter. For example, with the usual choice of coupling parameter they show that, while the condition number grows like k1/3 as k →∞, when the scatterer is a circle or sphere, it can grow as fast as k7/5 for a class of “trapping” obstacles. In this article, we prove further bounds, sharpening and extending our previous results. In particular, we show that there exist trapping obstacles for which the condition numbers grow as fast as exp(γk), for some γ > 0, as k →∞ through some sequence. This result depends on exponential localization bounds on Laplace eigenfunctions in an ellipse that we prove in the appendix. We also clarify the correct choice of coupling parameter in 2D for low k. In the second part of the article, we focus on the boundary element discretisation of these operators. We discuss the extent to which the bounds on the continuous operators are also satisfied by their discrete counterparts and, via numerical experiments, we provide supporting evidence for some of the theoretical results, both quantitative and asymptotic, indicating further which of the upper and lower bounds may be sharper. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010
Numerical resolution of linear evolution multidimensional problems of second order in time
Authors: Bujanda B. , Jorge J. C. , Moreta M. J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present a new class of efficient time integrators for solving linear evolution multidimensional problems of second‐order in time named Fractional Step Runge‐Kutta‐Nyström methods (FSRKN). We show that these methods, combined with suitable spliting of the space differential operator and adequate space discretizations provide important advantages from the computational point of view, mainly parallelization facilities and reduction of computational complexity. In this article, we study in detail the consistency of such methods and we introduce an extension of the concept of R‐stability for Runge‐Kutta‐Nyström methods. We also present some numerical experiments showing the unconditional convergence of a third order method of this class applied to resolve one Initial Boundary Value Problem of second order in time. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 597–620, 2012
Numerical solutions of coupled systems of nonlinear elliptic equations
Authors: Boglaev Igor 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article deals with numerical solutions of a general class of coupled nonlinear elliptic equations. Using the method of upper and lower solutions, monotone sequences are constructed for difference schemes which approximate coupled systems of nonlinear elliptic equations. This monotone convergence leads to existence‐uniqueness theorems for solutions to problems with reaction functions of quasi‐monotone nondecreasing, quasi‐monotone nonincreasing and mixed quasi‐monotone types. A monotone domain decomposition algorithm which combines the monotone approach and an iterative domain decomposition method based on the Schwarz alternating, is proposed. An application to a reaction‐diffusion model in chemical engineering is given. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 621–640, 2012
NICE challenge on postnatal reclassification of glucose tolerance in women previously diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mehmet S , Fincher S , Ibrahim S 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWomen with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of developing diabetes. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines (July 2008) recommend the use of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) but not an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at the six‐week postnatal check. Our data analysis aims to challenge this recommendation.Retrospective data were obtained for 95 women with GDM who delivered at Queen Mary's Hospital, Sidcup, UK (2003–2008). The results of the FPG concentration were assessed in relation to the two‐hour glucose value.Of the 95 OGTTs, the two‐hour glucose value revealed that seven had diabetes and 19 had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). However, 12 women had IGT and one had diabetes with a normal FPG (<6.0mmol/L). The sensitivity and specificity of using FPG for the diagnosis of postnatal diabetes are 85.7% and 87.5%, respectively.In our population, using a six‐week postnatal FPG is unsatisfactory for evaluating the glucose tolerance of women with previous GDM as it would result in failure to diagnose 63.2% of those with IGT and a smaller proportion of those with diabetes. It is established that lifestyle changes can reduce the incidence of diabetes in individuals with IGT. For this reason, the OGTT remains the preferred option for the postnatal follow up of women with previous GDM in our hospital. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
The management of gestational diabetes mellitus after pregnancy
Authors: Bhake R , Dayan CM 
Published: October 2010

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is common, with an average prevalence in England and Wales of approximately 3.5%. It is associated with a 70% lifetime risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for the women in the long term. It is therefore important to continue lifelong monitoring for abnormalities of glucose metabolism.There is a lack of international consensus on the best postpartum screening test, its timing, and the frequency and duration of long‐term follow up after GDM. In general, screening rates are suboptimal across the globe with perhaps an optimistic trend in recent years with just over half of the women completing postpartum screening. Postpartum diabetes screening may detect T2DM and enable early treatment of hyperglycaemia, reducing the risk of adverse fetal outcomes in subsequent pregnancies and maternal microvascular complications. Screening can also identify women who might benefit from diabetes prevention interventions. Metformin has been shown to reduce the rate of diabetes development following delivery by 50% and should be considered in all cases of GDM if tolerated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons.
Bending‐induced strain and curvature effects on semiconductor nanowire electronic eigenstates
Authors: Willatzen M. , Lassen B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe combined influence of strain and geometry bending is analyzed quasi‐analytically for nanostructures using differential geometry arguments. Appropriate general coordinates u1, u2, u3 are chosen with u1 along the nanowire centerline and u2, u3 locally spanning the nanowire cross section. This choice allows us to assume, for large aspect‐ratio nanotructures, that terms proportional to u2, u3 or higher powers including combinations of u2, u3 are negligible. This assumption has been justified for nanostructures where the nanostructure radius is up to 10% of the local radius‐of‐curvature according to previous works. We show that the influence of bending‐induced strains may lead to substantial electronic eigenstate and associated energy eigenvalue changes in the case of circular‐bent nanowires (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Self‐assembled GaAs quantum dots coupled with GaAs wetting layer grown on GaAs (311)A by droplet epitaxy
Authors: Mano Takaaki , Noda Takeshi , Kuroda Takashi , Sanguinetti Stefano , Sakoda Kazuaki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe study optical properties of high density GaAs quantum dots (QDs) coupled with artificial GaAs wetting layer (WL) with variable thickness grown on GaAs (311)A. The formation of 0∼2 nm‐thick‐WL below the QDs allows us to tune the emission wavelength of QDs. Moreover, the insertion of WL results in the dramatic reduction of the peak width. Simple calculation based on the effective mass approximation well reproduces the emission energies of QDs and WLs. The electronic structures of the QDs‐WL system are also discussed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigations on the properties of intermittently Gd‐doped InGaN structures grown by molecular‐beam epitaxy
Authors: Krishnamurthy Daivasigamani , Tawil Siti Nooraya Mohd , Kakimi Rina , Ishimaru Manabu , Emura Shuichi , Hasegawa Shigehiko , Asahi Hajime 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIntermittent Gd‐doping into InGaN has been attempted to obtain improved crystalline quality of the InGaGdN samples for spintronic device applications. Intermittently Gd‐doped InGaN samples with different layer thickness of the intercepting‐ undoped InGaN layers have been grown by the electron cyclotron resonance plasma‐excited molecular‐beam epitaxy (ECR‐MBE) technique and their structural and magnetic properties were studied. The incorporation of Gd by this intermittent doping method was confirmed by the X‐ray fine structure (XAFS) analysis. The rocking curves and the reciprocal space maps (RSM) of these samples revealed that under certain growth parameters, they exhibited formation of superlattice like structure. The superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer (SQUID) measurements revealed that they show room temperature ferromagnetism (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photovoltaic and photoconductivity characteristics of (a‐C:Fe)/Al2O3/Si structure
Authors: Tan Xinyu , Zhang Xiaozhong , Wan Caihua , Lin Hong 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe iron‐doped amorphous carbon films (a‐C:Fe) and Al2O3 films were deposited on n‐type silicon substrates using pulsed laser deposition to form (a‐C:Fe)/Al2O3/Si structures. The Fe diffused into a‐C films by annealing treatment and formed Fe‐doped amorphous homogeneous structure. The a‐C:Fe films are disordered graphitized carbon system and are rich in sp2. The results show that these junctions have good rectifying properties and great Photovoltaic (PV) effect and photoconductivity (PC). PV parameters of the cells were studied by varying the iron deposition times in the a‐C films and iron content is found to have a great effect on PV effect. The solar cell with iron deposition time of 5min shows the best PV performance with short‐current density of 14.11 mA/cm2and open‐circuit voltage of 436mV. The corresponding fill factor and energy conversion efficiency are 33% and 1.99% respectively. For the reverse bias voltage of ‐0.5v, the structure shows a photoconductivity of 150 with illumination power of 100mW/cm2. This study shows that the (a‐C:Fe)/Al2O3/Si has potential application as PV and other photoelectric devices (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of metallic ReO3 nanowires
Authors: Myung Dongshin , Lee Yumin , Lee Jaeyeon , Yu Hak Ki , Lee Jong‐Lam , Baik Jeong Min , Kim Woong , Kim Myung Hwa 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe present the synthesis of highly crystalline metallic rhenium trioxide (ReO3) nanowires via a simple physical vapor transport at 300 °C for the first time. Based on HRTEM, the ReO3 nanowires exhibit a core of perfect cubic perovskite‐type single crystal structure with a shell of thin amorphous and disordered structures of less than 2 nm in the near surface layers. Possibly this is due to proton intercalation induced by the surface reaction of single crystal ReO3 with water.magnified image(© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fast in‐field identification of unmanned marine vehicles
Authors: Mišković Nikola , Vukić Zoran , Bibuli Marco , Bruzzone Gabriele , Caccia Massimo 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTo design high‐level control structures efficiently, reasonable mathematical model parameters of the vessel have to be known. Because sensors and equipment mounted onboard marine vessels can change during a mission, it is important to have an identification procedure that will be easily implementable and time preserving and result in model parameters accurate enough to perform controller design. This paper introduces one such method, which is based on self‐oscillations (IS‐O). The described methodology can be used to identify single‐degree‐of‐freedom nonlinear model parameters of underwater and surface marine vessels. Extensive experiments have been carried out on the VideoRay remotely operated vehicle and Charlie unmanned surface vehicle to prove that the method gives consistent results. A comparison with the least‐squares identification and thorough validation tests have been performed, proving the quality of the obtained parameters. The proposed method can also be used to make conclusions on the model that describes the dynamics of the vessel. The paper also includes results of autopilot design in which the controllers are tuned according to the proposed method based on self‐oscillations, proving the applicability of the proposed method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐Assembled Core–Shell Vascular‐Targeted Nanocapsules for Temporal Antivasculature and Anticancer Activities
Authors: Wang Zhe , Ho Paul C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA biocompatible core–shell nanocapsule is fabricated to target tumor vascular endothelial cells where it releases anti‐angiogenesis and anticancer drugs sequentially. The fabrication of the core–shell nanocapsule is accomplished through a robust double self‐assembly procedure: the hydrophobic polymeric core is first precipitated to encapsulate a poorly water‐soluble anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) with the assistance of lecithin and 1,2‐distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine‐N‐[carboxy(polyethylene glycol)2000] (DSPE‐PEG) self‐assembled in aqueous phase. Another lipid layer self‐assembled around the above hydrophobic core is formed to load a second drug combretastatin A4 (CA4) as a vascular disrupting agent in the lipid layer. The lipid layer serves both as a depot for CA4, as well as a molecular fence to sustain the release of PTX from the polymeric core. The size of the resultant nanocapsule can be fine‐turned by slightly adjusting the preparation conditions from several tens of nanometer to one hundred nanometers. The uptake of this nanocapsule by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) is efficient, and the two loaded drugs maintain their respective therapeutic potency. The time‐dependent sequential release of these two drugs over a time difference of 36 h results in temporal ablation of endothelial cells and cancer cells. This self‐assembled delivery system could serve as a universal prototype that can be applied for other combinatorial temporal drug delivery.