bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Electrodes Grown by Vapor Deposition Techniques
Authors: Brault Pascal , Caillard Amaël , Thomann Anne‐Lise 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPolymer fuel cell electrode growth using vapor deposition techniques is reviewed. The supports, the nanocatalyst sizes and morphologies, and the resulting electrodes are examined as a function of the vapor deposition process; sputtering, CVD, plasma‐enhanced (PE)CVD, and metal‐organic (MO)CVD. In each case, up‐to‐date fuel cell performances are highlighted. Vapor depositions are valuable techniques for designing fuel cell electrodes of various kinds with good fuel cell performances, e.g., power density and catalyst activity
Toxicity and bioaccumulation of biosolids-borne triclosan in terrestrial organisms
Authors: Pannu Manmeet W. , O'Connor George A. , Toor Gurpal S. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a common constituent of personal care products and is frequently present in biosolids. Application of biosolids to land transfers significant amounts of TCS to soils. Because TCS is an antimicrobial and is toxic to some aquatic organisms, concern has arisen that TCS may adversely affect soil organisms. The objective of the present study was to investigate the toxicity and bioaccumulation potential of biosolids-borne TCS in terrestrial micro- and macro-organisms (earthworms). Studies were conducted in two biosolids-amended soils (sand, silty clay loam), following U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) guidelines. At the concentrations tested herein, microbial toxicity tests suggested no adverse effects of TCS on microbial respiration, ammonification, and nitrification. The no observed effect concentration for TCS for microbial processes was 10 mg/kg soil. Earthworm subchronic toxicity tests showed that biosolids-borne TCS was not toxic to earthworms at the concentrations tested herein. The estimated TCS earthworm lethal concentration (LC50) was greater than 1 mg/kg soil. Greater TCS accumulation was observed in earthworms incubated in a silty clay loam soil (bioaccumulation factor [BAF] = 12 ± 3.1) than in a sand (BAF = 6.5 ± 0.84). Field-collected earthworms had a significantly smaller BAF value (4.3 ± 0.7) than our laboratory values (6.5–12.0). The BAF values varied significantly with exposure conditions (e.g., soil characteristics, laboratory vs field conditions); however, a value of 10 represents a reasonable first approximation for risk assessment purposes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:646–653. © 2011 SETAC
Occurrence, fate, and persistence of gemfibrozil in water and soil
Authors: Fang Yu , Karnjanapiboonwong Adcharee , Chase Darcy A. , Wang Jiafan , Morse Audra N. , Anderson Todd A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have emerged as a group of potential environmental contaminants of concern. The occurrence of gemfibrozil, a lipid-regulating drug, was studied in the influent and effluent at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and groundwater below a land application site receiving treated effluent from the WWTP. In addition, the sorption of gemfibrozil in two loam soils and sand was assessed, and biological degradation rates in two soil types under aerobic conditions were also determined. Results showed that concentrations of gemfibrozil in wastewater influent, effluent, and groundwater were in the range of 3.47 to 63.8 µg/L, 0.08 to 19.4 µg/L, and undetectable to 6.86 µg/L, respectively. Data also indicated that gemfibrozil in the wastewater could reach groundwater following land application of the treated effluent. Soil–water distribution coefficients for gemfibrozil, determined by the batch equilibrium method, varied with organic carbon content in the soils. The sorption capacity was silt loam &gt; sandy loam &gt; sand. Under aerobic conditions, dissipation half-lives for gemfibrozil in sandy loam and silt loam soils were 17.8 and 20.6 days, respectively; 25.4 and 11.3% of gemfibrozil was lost through biodegradation from the two soils over 14 days. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:550–555. © 2011 SETAC
The new European Union Flavouring Regulation and its impact on essential oils: production of natural flavouring ingredients and maximum levels of restricted substances
Authors: Demyttenaere Jan C. R. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTIn the last years several new European Regulations and Directives have been adopted or announced in relation to flavours and fragrances. As essential oils and extracts are very important ingredients for flavouring and fragrance applications, these new regulations will have a major impact on the trade and use in commerce of these essential oils and extracts. The present paper focuses on a major piece of legislation that is of particular importance for the Flavour Industry, namely the new Flavouring Regulation (Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008) that will replace the former Flavouring Directive 88/388/EEC. Especially the impact on labelling resulting from the difference between the new Flavouring Regulation and the former “Flavour Directive” will be discussed from a B2B (Business to Business) perspective. Special focus will be given to labelling of “natural flavourings” (including essential oils) and the changes in definitions (e.g. what is “natural”) in the new Flavouring Regulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing workplace incivility: The role of conflict management styles—antecedent or antidote?
Authors: Trudel Jeannie , Reio Thomas G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe workforce of the 21st century is dealing with rapid changes and increased competition across industries. Such changes place stress on management and workers alike, increasing the potential for workplace conflict and deviant workplace behaviors, including incivility. The importance of effective conflict management in the workplace has been highlighted but, to date, conflict management and workplace incivility have not been linked in the literature. The manner in which conflict is managed affects the process and outcome of conflict. This study explores the relationship between conflict management styles and workplace incivility. Conflict management styles (integrating, accommodating, avoiding, compromising, and dominating) were assessed with the 20‐item DUTCH Test for Conflict Handling (De Dreu, Evers, Beersma, Kluwer, & Nauta, 2001). Instigator and target workplace incivility were measured using a modified version of the Workplace Incivility Scale (WIS) developed by Cortina, Magley, Williams, and Langhout (2001). Employees of three midwestern companies served as participants for the study (N = 289; 48.0% female). Hierarchical regression analyses suggested that conflict management style predicted frequency of workplace incivility among instigators and targets of uncivil behavior. Thus, the manner in which conflict was managed (as determined through preferred conflict style) influenced the likelihood of uncivil behavior. The integrating and dominating styles significantly predicted both instigator and target incivility, while the accommodating, avoiding, and compromising styles did not attain statistical significance in the regression equations. Implications for HRD research and practice are explored.
Perceived managerial and leadership effectiveness within Mexican and British public sector hospitals: A cross‐nation comparative analysis
Authors: Hamlin Robert G. , Ruiz Carlos E. , Wang Jia 
Published: December 2011

AbstractStephen M. Shortell, dean of the School of Public Health, distinguished professor of health policy and management, and professor of organization behavior in the Haas School of Business, University of California‐Berkeley, has argued that evidence‐based management needs to be married with evidence‐based medicine if sustainable improvement in the delivery, quality, cost, and outcomes of care are to be achieved. And this, he suggests, calls for an effective partnership between academics and practitioners to ensure that relevant practice‐grounded research is correctly translated for practicing healthcare managers to use in their day‐to‐day activities (Grazier, 2004). His call is particularly urgent due to the dearth of best evidence to support evidence‐based management in the field of medicine and healthcare.
Creativity: An Asian‐Euro‐African Perspective, edited by Ai‐Girl Tan. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2011. 226 pages, $56.00 (softbound), ISBN: 978‐9‐8108‐5467‐6
Authors: Reio Thomas G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSocial, cultural, economic, and political pressures emerging from operating in the context of a rapidly changing, resource limited world require creative thinking and behavior by a society's leaders, managers, professionals, and workers. Each needs to think and act creatively to solve seemingly intractable problems when tried‐and‐true methods for leading an organization, managing a business, training employees, or working on an assembly line, for example, are no longer viable in light of pressing environmental contingencies. Indeed, few would argue that the need for understanding the nature of creativity and how to foster it best throughout society has never been greater. Still, although creativity theorizing and research has increased markedly since Guilford's creativity research call in 1950, it may have been limited unnecessarily by the lack of focus on promising divergent cultural perspectives of creativity.
Construct validation of the translated version of the work–family conflict scale for use in Korea
Authors: Lim Doo Hun , Morris Michael Lane , McMillan Heather S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRecently, the stress of work–family conflict has been a critical workplace issue for Asian countries, especially within those cultures experiencing rapid economic development. Our research purpose is to translate and establish construct validity of a Korean‐language version of the Multi‐Dimensional Work–Family Conflict (WFC) scale used in the U.S. organizational context. The significance of this study is filling the cross‐cultural gap in work–family interface studies by developing a psychometrically valid foreign (Korean) version of the WFC scale and facilitating cross‐cultural studies on work–family issues in the workplace. We performed factor analysis to uncover the underlying structure of the Korean version of the WFC scale. The results indicate that the Korean version demonstrates psychometric properties similar to the original English version of the WFC scale.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a Multifunctional Hyaluronic acid Based Hydrogel System for Local Application on the Retina
Authors: Neffe A. T. , Kobuch K. A. , Maier M. , Feucht N. , Lohmann C. P. , Wolfstein A. , Streufert D. , Kamlage S. , Lendlein A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractConventional treatment of retinal detachment with laser and/or triamcinolon acetonide (TAAC) does not prevent loss of vision in all patients. Therefore, the development of degradable hydrogel patches covering retinal breaks was envisioned as alternative. Stable hydrogels could be formed by crosslinking hyaluronic acid with 1,2,3,4‐diepoxybutane. Triamcinolone was diffusible in the gels. The hydrogels were slowly degrading, and mass loss during hydrolytic degradation was observed starting after three weeks. The sterilized gels showed excellent intraocular biocompatibility in vivo in rabbit eyes when applied as a patch on the retina. The good retinal adherence of the patch and absence of cellular growth and proliferation in and around the gel indicated the suitability as a material for a retinal patch to prevent cell‐migration and proliferation after a retinal break and for local drug application.
A Blend of Poly(ε‐caprolactone) and Poly[(ε‐caprolactone)‐co‐glycolide] with Remarkable Mechanical Features and Wide Applicability as Biomaterial
Authors: Wischke Christian , Löbler Marian , Neffe Axel T. , Hanh Bui Duc , Zierke Michael , Sternberg Katrin , Schmitz Klaus‐Peter , Guthoff Rudolf , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHydrolytic degradation of poly(ε‐caprolactone) [PCL] can be enhanced by introduction of 8 wt.% glycolide leading to poly[(ε‐caprolactone)‐co‐glycolide] (PCG), which has a low elongation at break εB of 4%. PCG/PCL blends (50/50 w/w) combined the advantageous features of its individual components such as mechanical properties similar to pure PCL (εB, Blend: 900 ± 230%; εB, PCL: 730 ± 50 at 20 °C), water uptake rates during degradation similar to pure PCG, and linear mass loss during bulk degradation independent from sample dimensions. The outcome of cytotoxicity studies was depending on the cell type with promising results, e.g., for Tenon fibroblasts. Easy processing of the blend was demonstrated by melt compression, foaming with CO2, and hot melt extrusion, suggesting a wide applicability as biomaterial, e.g., as drug carrier.
Local discontinuous Galerkin method for solving an N‐carrier system
Authors: Zhang Rongpei , Yu Xijun , Zhao Guozhong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this article, we present local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method for solving a model of energy exchanges in an N ‐carrier system with Neumann boundary conditions. This model extends the concept of the well‐known parabolic two‐step model for microheat transfer to the energy exchanges in a generalized N ‐carrier system with heat sources. The energy norm stability and error estimate of the LDG method is proved for solving N ‐carrier system. Some numerical examples are given. The numerical results when compared with the exact solution and other numerical results indicate that the present method is seen to be a very good alternative to some existing techniques for realistic problems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2011
Gene cloning, expression, and biochemical characterization of an alkali-tolerant β-mannanase from Humicola insolens Y1
Authors: Luo Huiying , Wang Kun , Huang Huoqing , Shi Pengjun , Yang Peilong , Yao Bin 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In this article, we firstly report a highly alkali-tolerant fungal β-mannanase from Humicola insolens Y1. The full-length cDNA of the β-mannanase, designated as man5A, has an open reading frame of 1,233 bp that encodes a 411-amino acid polypeptide (Man5A) with a calculated molecular mass of 42.3 kDa. The deduced sequence of Man5A comprises a putative 20-residue signal peptide and a catalytic domain belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 5, and displays 61–85% identities with hypothetical proteins and 32–39% with experimentally verified fungal β-mannanases. Purified recombinant Man5A produced by Pichia pastoris has a specific activity of 1,122 U mg−1 and exhibits optimal activity at pH 5.5 and 70°C. Distinct from other reported fungal β-mannanases, Man5A is highly alkali tolerant, exhibiting 45 and 36% of the maximal activity at pH 8.0 and 9.0, respectively, and more than 10% activity even at pH 10.0. Moreover, Man5A has excellent pH stability at pH 5.0–12.0 and is highly thermostable at 50°C. The higher frequency of alkaline amino acids (Arg and Lys), greater pKa values of the catalytic residues, and more positively charged residues on the surface of Man5A might be the causes. Man5A has strong resistance to various neutral and alkaline proteases, retaining more than 97% of the activity after proteolytic treatment for 1 h. The superior characteristics of Man5A make it more advantageous for the application in the kraft pulp industry.
Pollinator response to flower color polymorphism and floral display in a plant with a single‐locus floral color polymorphism: consequences for plant reproduction
Authors: Malerba Romina , Nattero Julieta 
Published: December 2011

AbstractVariation in flower color, particularly polymorphism, in which two or more different flower color phenotypes occur in the same population or species, may be affected or maintained by mechanisms that depend on pollinators. Furthermore, variation in floral display may affect pollinator response and plant reproductive success through changes in pollinator visitation and availability of compatible pollen. To asses if flower color polymorphism and floral display influences pollinator preferences and movements within and among plants and fitness‐related variables we used the self‐incompatible species Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. (Asteraceae), a model system with single‐locus flower color polymorphism that comprises three morphs: white (recessive homozygous), pink (heterozygous co‐dominate), and purple (dominant homozygous) flowers. We measured the preferences of pollinators for each morph and constancy index for each pollinator species, pollination visitation rate, floral traits, and female fitness measures. Flower color morphs differed in floral trait measures and seed production. Pollinators foraged nonrandomly with respect to flower color. The most frequent morph, the pink morph, was the most visited and pollinators exhibited the highest constancy for this morph. Moreover, this morph exhibited the highest female fitness. Pollinators responded strongly to floral display size, while probed more capitulums from plants with large total display sizes, they left a great proportion of them unvisited. Furthermore, total pollinator visitation showed a positive relation with female fitness. Results suggest that although pollinators preferred the heterozygous morph, they alternate indiscriminately among morphs making this polymorphism stable.
Functional Food Ingredients Based on Sunflower Protein Concentrates Naturally Enriched with Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Salgado Pablo R. , Molina Ortiz Sara E. , Petruccelli Silvana , Mauri Adriana N. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe functional properties of three sunflower protein concentrates having different content of phenolic compounds (mainly chlorogenic and caffeic acids) obtained from sunflower oil cake, a by‐product of the oil industry, were evaluated. Sunflower protein concentrates exhibited high water solubility and moderate water‐imbibing and water‐holding capacities. It was possible to obtain foams and emulsions of different stability at different pH and ionic strength from these protein concentrates, as well as self‐supporting gels produced by thermal induction. The presence of phenolic compounds not only conferred antioxidant activity and changed the color of protein products, but also reduced the water imbibing capacity of sunflower protein concentrates, the stability of the emulsions obtained, and the hardness of protein gels. In contrast, phenolic compounds did not modify the water holding capacity, their water solubility or their foaming properties. These results suggest that these protein products may be used as functional ingredients in the food industry.
Differential long term effects of early diisopropylfluorophosphate exposure in Balb/C and C57Bl/J6 mice
Authors: Lin Tamar , Duek Or , Dori Amir , Kofman Ora 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe long‐term effect of postnatal administration of a sub‐toxic dose of the irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) on depression and anxiety behavior was compared in two strains of inbred mice. C57BL/6J and Balb/C mice were injected for 7 consecutive days with either 1 mg/kg DFP or saline on postnatal days 14–20. Mice were tested at age 3–4 months for initial and learned anxiety using double‐exposure elevated plus maze and to a novel enclosed environment. Depression was assayed using the sweet preference model of anhedonia and the forced swim test for despair. Postnatal DFP pretreatment led to less activity and more immobility in the elevated plus maze in both mouse strains in the first session. The effect was attenuated in the second session in the C57BL/6J strain but not the Balb/C strain. DFP did not affect the sweet preference or forced swim tests, suggesting a dissociation between the long‐term effects of DFP on immobility in the context of approach‐avoidance conflict (elevated plus maze) versus despair (forced swim).
Depression in children and adolescents in the first 6 months after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Max Jeffrey E. , Keatley Eva , Wilde Elisabeth A. , Bigler Erin D. , Schachar Russell J. , Saunders Ann E. , Ewing‐Cobbs Linda , Chapman Sandra B. , Dennis Maureen , Yang Tony T. , Levin Harvey S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe objective was to assess the nature, rate, predictive factors, and neuroimaging correlates of novel (new‐onset) depressive disorders, both definite and subclinical, after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Children with TBI from consecutive admissions were enrolled and studied with psychiatric interviews soon after injury (baseline), and again 6 months post‐injury. Novel definite/subclinical depressive disorders at 6‐month follow up occurred in 11% (n = 15) of the children and subsets of children with non‐anxious depression (n = 9) and anxious depression (n = 6) were identified. Novel definite/subclinical depressive disorder was significantly associated with older age at the time of injury, family history of anxiety disorder, left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) lesions, and right frontal white matter lesions. Non‐anxious depressions were associated with older age at injury, left IFG and left temporal pole lesions. Anxious depressions were associated with family history of anxiety disorder, Personality Change due to TBI, right frontal white matter lesions, and left parietal lesions. These findings, which are similar to those reported after adult TBI, identify both similarities and differences in non‐anxious and anxious depression following childhood TBI with respect to lesion laterality, genetic factors (in the form of family psychiatric history of anxiety disorder), age at injury, and more generalized affective dysregulation.
Induction of neural differentiation by the transcription factor NeuroD2
Authors: Messmer Kirsten , Shen Wei‐Bin , Remington Mary , Fishman Paul S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPro‐neural basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factors are involved in many aspects of normal neuronal development, and over‐expression of genes for several of these factors has been shown to induce aspects of neuronal differentiation in cell lines and stem cells. Here we show that over‐expression of NeuroD2 (ND2), Neurogenin1 and 2 leads to morphological differentiation of N18‐RE‐105 neuroblastoma cells and increased expression of synaptic proteins. Particularly ND2 induced neurite formation and increases in the expression of synaptic proteins such as synaptotagmin, that is not expressed normally in this cell type, as well as the redistribution of another synaptic protein, SNAP25, to a cell membrane location. Infection of human neural progenitor cells using adeno associated viral (AAV) vectors also promoted neuronal differentiation. Over‐expressing cells demonstrated a significant increase in the neuron specific form of tubulin as well as increased expression of synaptotagmin. Genetic modification of neural progenitor cell with bHLH factors such as ND2 may be a viable strategy to enhance differentiation of these cells into replacement neurons for human disease.