bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EEERP‐RL: Enhanced energy‐efficient routing protocol based on reinforcement learning for wireless sensor network
Authors: Jaber Mohanad J. , Jaber Zahraa Jasim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWireless Sensor Networks (WSN) efficiently monitors and record environmental conditions, transmitting this data to central locations via widely distributed, sensor nodes. One major challenge in WSN involves creating an energy‐efficient routing protocol that minimizes energy consumption and extends the network's longevity. In this paper, we propose EEERP‐RL, an enhanced energy‐efficient QoS routing protocol for WSNs, based on reinforcement learning (RL). The proposed protocol has been compared with two other protocols to determine which one gives the best performance in the network OSPF and SDN‐Q. There is an investigation of packet delivery ratios and delays (m), as well as the impact of alive nodes, dead nodes, and energy consumption. Based on simulation results, the proposed protocol outperforms as compared to existing protocol in terms of different network traffic loads and node mobility.
Best practices in online/distance pharmacy practice course didactic instruction
Authors: Havrda Dawn E. , Crannage Andrew J. , Bingham Angela L. , Cook Kristen M. , Hamblin Susan E. , Lloyd Andie E. , May J. Russell , Merlo Jessica R. , Miller Kaely G. , Spivey Christina A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis commentary provides an overview of the current literature and best practices for online learning and assessment within the didactic curriculum of pharmacy education, building on the 2022 ACCP commentary addressing remote experiential learning. Lessons learned from online delivery of curricula and best practices for programs to create the optimal online learning environment for students are reviewed. Although benefits of online learning have been found, such as flexibility, convenience, and efficient use of time, with similar short‐term student performance, the potential long‐term implications on pharmacy students are not fully known, particularly concerning board pass rates, job attainment, and knowledge/skills application in the workplace. This commentary reviews and recommends the types of teaching modalities that align best with an online format for knowledge acquisition and student satisfaction. The most challenging part of didactic curricula to teach remotely is skills development. Proficiency in skills (e.g., compounding preparations or physical assessment) is best evaluated in person to promote student self‐confidence in pharmacy practice and patient care. This commentary reviews the needed components for designing quality online courses, all in the context of remembering the significance of instructor engagement. The commentary also discusses the importance of bidirectional feedback for the instructor and student and the deliberate use of formative assessments of learning to gauge student performance. A review of online summative and high‐stakes assessments is included with a focus on ensuring academic integrity while also minimizing any impact on student performance and anxiety. As pharmacy education has learned from the experiences with the COVID‐19 transition to online learning, consideration should be given to best practices regarding when and how to use online modalities to teach students and foster student learning. Regardless of the format, courses should engage the student and instructor and be evaluated routinely to promote achievement of learning outcomes.
Determining ideal offsets of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy for transcutaneous measurements—A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Chen Keren , sun Mengya , Chen Shuo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is valuable for noninvasive bone assessment but requires a clearer understanding of how offset distances influence detection depth. To address this, our study devised a forward‐adjoint Monte Carlo multi‐layer (MCML) model to simulate photon paths in SORS, aiming to determine optimal offsets for various tissue types. We examined photon migration at offsets between 0 and 15 mm against layered phantoms of differing thicknesses and compositions to optimize the signal‐to‐noise ratio for bone layers. The findings highlight that optimal offsets are contingent on tissue characteristics: a metacarpal beneath 2.5 mm of tissue had an ideal offset of 6.7 mm, while a tibia with 5 mm of soft tissue required 10–11 mm. This precise calibration of SORS via MCML modeling promises substantial improvements in bone health diagnostics and potential for expansive medical applications.
Characterization, anti‐microbial, anti‐oxidant and growth promoting effects of biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles derived from Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees
Authors: Samad Memoona , Akhtar Wasim , Muneer Arooj , Fatima Iram , Manzoor Muhammad , Gillani Syed Waseem , Rehman Fazal Ur , Majeed Khawar , Ali Baber , Sarwar Rizwan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne of the most important areas of nanotechnology is the use of nanoparticles (NPs) for a variety of environmental and biological applications, with silver nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) gaining a lot attention due to their distinct properties. The current study deals with the synthesis of Ag‐NPs from Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees leaf extract and to determine their antioxidant, antimicrobial potential and effects on wheat seed germination and growth. UV–Visible spectrum revealed a prominent absorption peak at 442 nm, elucidating the conformation of the Ag‐NPs synthesis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed distinctive triangular, pyramidal, and irregular shape. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated their crystalline nature, with average crystallite size of the Ag‐NPs measured at 20.52 nm. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) further confirmed the presence of functional groups such as Phenols (O‐H stretch), transition metal carbonyls N‐H, ≡C‐H, C ≡ N, C ≡ C, C‐Cl, C‐Br and O‐H bonds on the surface Ag‐NPs. The antibacterial activity of the Ag‐NPs was most pronounced against Bacillus subtilis, with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) measuring 11 mm ± 0.57 at a concentration of 1000 μg/mL (45% inhibition). Likewise, Ag‐NPs exhibited highest antioxidant potential (73.2%) at 100 μg/mL compared with standard (ascorbic acid) which showed (76%) at the same concentration. Furthermore, the effect of D. bupleuroides mediated Ag‐NPs on wheat seeds growth and germination was recorded maximum at high concentrations (200‐300 ppm). In conclusion, D. bupleuroides mediated Ag‐NPs showed safe, cost effective and environmentally friendly synthesis which can be used as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent as well as for enhancing the growth and seed germination of crop seeds globally.Research Highlights
Nanotechnology is the study of nanoparticles for biological and environmental applications.
Ag‐NPs among other NPs have received broad attention because of their unique properties.
D. bupleuroides Ag‐NPs: 45% antibacterial, 73.2% antioxidant, enhance wheat germination.
D. bupleuroides‐mediated Ag‐NPs are both cost‐effective and environmentally beneficial.
Creativity and Autism: A Systematic Review of Interventions
Authors: Elisondo Romina Cecilia , de la Barrera María Laura 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe objective is to analyze the impacts of educational interventions with people with autism through the systematic review of publications. The article presents a review of 22 interventions published in SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO between 2005 and 2023 were selected. The keywords used were autism and creativity. Interventions that present impact assessment processes were included. The study follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines for conducting systematic reviews. The data are analyzed using coding and constant comparisons. The results indicate that the interventions can be considered creative projects since they generate ruptures and new forms of understanding and action. The interventions are projects that recognize the possibilities of people with autism and enable original actions, strategies and resources to enhance learning. The results provide evidence about the importance of neurodiversity and inclusive education.
Deep recognition of rice disease images: how many training samples do we really need?
Authors: Zhou Huiru , Huang Dong , Wu Bo Ming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDWith the rapid development of deep learning, the recognition of rice disease images using deep neural networks has become a hot research topic. However, most previous studies only focus on the modification of deep learning models, while lacking research to systematically and scientifically explore the impact of different data sizes on the image recognition task for rice diseases. In this study, a functional model was developed to predict the relationship between the size of dataset and the accuracy rate of model recognition.RESULTSTraining VGG16 deep learning models with different quantities of images of rice blast‐diseased leaves and healthy rice leaves, it was found that the test accuracy of the resulting models could be well fitted with an exponential model (A = 0.9965 − e(−0.0603×I50−1.6693)). Experimental results showed that with an increase of image quantity, the recognition accuracy of deep learning models would show a rapid increase at first. Yet when the image quantity increases beyond a certain threshold, the accuracy of image classification would not improve much, and the marginal benefit would be reduced. This trend remained similar when the composition of the dataset was changed, no matter whether (i) the disease class was changed, (ii) the number of classes was increased or (iii) the image data were augmented.CONCLUSIONSThis study provided a scientific basis for the impact of data size on the accuracy of rice disease image recognition, and may also serve as a reference for researchers for database construction. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Opioid Prescription Trends Among Sleep Surgeons in the United States
Authors: Saroya Jasmeet , Singh Amritpal , Chang Jolie L. , Durr Megan L. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe trends in opioid prescriptions among US sleep surgeons between 2013 and 2021 via a retrospective analysis conducted using publicly available data.MethodsUtilizing the CMS part D database, we analyzed data from 82 sleep surgeons, focusing on metrics including number of opioid beneficiaries and claims, opioid cost, and opioid day supply per beneficiary. We employed statistical methods including ANOVA, t‐tests, Fisher's exact test with Monte Carlo Simulation, and regression models.ResultsThere were no significant changes in the number of opioid claims (p = 0.782) or beneficiaries per provider (p = 0.590) nor was there a decrease in opioid day supply per beneficiary (p = 0.489) over time. Surgeons who graduated residency before 2000 prescribed significantly more opioids over the course of the study period compared to those graduating after 2000 with higher opioid day supply per beneficiary (13.34 vs. 7.42, p < 0.001), higher opioid beneficiaries per provider (21.62 vs. 19.36, p = 0.028), and higher opioid claims per provider (30.30 vs. 21.78, p < 0.001). A significant annual decrease in opioid cost per beneficiary (ANOVA, p = 0.006) was noted.ConclusionsThis study illuminates a significant impact of provider years in practice on opioid prescribing trends, alongside a decreasing trend in opioid cost per beneficiary. Despite the evolving paradigm emphasizing opioid reduction and evidence of decreasing opioid prescriptions in other otolaryngology subspecialties, our findings depict that opioid prescriptions among sleep surgeons remained stable from 2013 to 2021.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:4810–4817, 2024
Practice Patterns in Asymmetric Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Survey Data
Authors: Schiff Elliot , Friedman Sara A. , Al‐Mulki Kareem , Lin Juan , Moskowitz Howard S. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveAlthough screening protocols for patients who present with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss (ASNHL) exist, there are no clear guidelines to direct practitioners. In particular, various thresholds have been proposed for the degree of hearing loss that should prompt MRI studies, but the topic remains understudied. This project aims to compare protocols followed by practitioners to guide their imaging practices.Study DesignWeb‐based survey.SettingOtolaryngology faculty at academic medical centers.MethodsA list of 530 otolaryngologists (276 otology/neurotology specialists, 254 general otolaryngologists) was compiled. A survey consisting of three parts: demographics, general practice patterns, and simulated patient cases was distributed.ResultsA total of 468 surveys were successfully distributed, resulting in 88 (18.8%) responses. The majority of respondents (63.8%) self‐reported their definition of ASNHL as “>30 dB hearing asymmetry at one frequency OR >20 dB hearing asymmetry at two continuous frequencies OR >10 dB hearing asymmetry at three contiguous frequencies.” Overall, general otolaryngologists were more likely to observe asymmetric findings with serial audiogram alone, whereas otology/neurotology specialists were more likely to obtain imaging.ConclusionThere is significant variability between providers with regard to managing patients with ASNHL and evidence‐based guidelines would be useful in guiding imaging practices.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:4745–4753, 2024
Conversion of native grasslands into croplands in the Pampa biome and its effects on source contributions to suspended sediment of the Ibirapuitã River, Brazil
Authors: Ramon Rafael , Evrard Olivier , Huon Sylvain , Feitosa Carlos Eduardo Linhares , Bernardi Felipe , Batista Antônio Augusto Medeiros , Tiecher Tadeu Luis , Minella Jean Paolo Gomes , Barros Cláudia Alessandra Peixoto , Tiecher Tales 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGrain crops have expanded at the expense of native grasslands in South America's Pampa biome in recent decades, thereby, increasing the sediment delivery to the river systems. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of land use change on sediment source contributions in the Ibirapuitã catchment (5942 km2), Southern Brazil. For this purpose, a sediment fingerprinting approach was developed based on organic matter composition, ultraviolet–visible reflectance, and fallout radionuclide activities as potential tracers. Four main sediment sources were investigated: croplands (n = 36), native grasslands (n = 31), unpaved roads (n = 31), and subsurface sources (n = 34). Tracers were selected following a three‐step procedure: conservative range test, Kruskal–Wallis H‐test, and linear discriminant function analysis (LDA). Selected tracers were introduced into a mass balance mixing model to estimate the source contributions to in‐stream sediment. The seven tracers selected by the LDA were able to explain 91% of the variance and correctly classify 83% of the source samples. Despite covering less than 10% of the catchment surface area, croplands that replaced the native grasslands supplied the primary sediment source (33%) to the main outlet, followed by subsurface sources (27%). In contrast, native grasslands covering 80% of the surface area provided only 17% of sediment to the river network. These findings confirm that soil erosion processes are accelerating in response to the recent land use changes in the region. To prevent soil loss and sediment delivery to the river systems, land use conversion from native grasslands into croplands should be associated with the implementation of appropriate land conservation practices, such as runoff control, no‐tillage system, and crop rotation.
Topological Directional Coupler
Authors: Li Yandong , Jung Minwoo , Yu Yang , Han Yuchen , Zhang Baile , Shvets Gennady 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInterferometers and beam splitters are fundamental building blocks for photonic neuromorphic and quantum computing machinery. In waveguide‐based photonic integrated circuits, beam‐splitting is achieved with directional couplers that rely on transition regions where the waveguides are adiabatically bent to suppress back‐reflection. In this study, a novel, compact approach for introducing guided mode coupling is presented. Along the multimodal domain wall between topological photonic crystals, the photonic spin is conserved to suppress back‐reflection, and the topological protection of the valley degree of freedom is relaxed to implement tunable beam splitting. Rapid advancements in chip‐scale topological photonics suggest that the proposed simultaneous utilization of multiple topological degrees of freedom could benefit the development of novel photonic computing platforms.
Europium Ions Self‐Reduction Benefiting from AlO4/Si(Al)O4 Network Structure for Multimode Optical Thermometry Manometry
Authors: Lu Ruiying , Zhang Xinyao , Fang Yuanyuan , Wu Xue , Jia Mochen , Wang Kai , Wu Jinfei , Li Qian , Sun Zhen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMixed‐valence europium ions‐activated phosphors have distinct advantages in color modulation, dynamic anti‐counterfeiting, and optical sensors. Nevertheless, it is still a challenge to obtain mixed‐valence europium ions in single compounds by facile self‐reduction. Herein, the crystal structure of a 3D hexagonal network formed by SiO4/AlO4 tetrahedra is demonstrated to play a significant role in the spontaneous reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ based on SrAl2Si2O8, Sr2SiO4, SrAl2O4 hosts. The crystal field theory and Judd‐Ofelt theory provide a deeper understanding of Eu2+ and Eu3+ luminescence behavior, namely, the low energy spectra of Eu2+ are more easily observed in crystal structure with high polarizability and octahedral coordination, whereas the spectra properties of Eu3+ are affected by the symmetry of local environment and crystal rigidity. For SrAl2Si2O8: 0.02Eu2+/Eu3+, multi‐mode thermometry is explored in terms of the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) of Eu2+/Eu3+, luminescence intensity (LI) and full‐width at half maximum (FWHM) of Eu2+ with maximal relative sensitivity reaching 3.83% K−1. This study presents the first exploration of optical manometry based on the LIR mode of Eu2+/Eu3+ with excellent sensitivity (Sr = 18.13% GPa−1). This work not only provides a novel strategy for the design of mixed‐valence ions‐activated materials but also constructs promising optical thermometry, and manometry candidates.
Show me the outputs! The influence of charitable outputs and charitable cause phrasing on charitable giving
Authors: Tang Fan , Hou Jundong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCharitable outputs, the immediate effects of charitable organization services, are among the most vital messages for encouraging rational giving, and different outputs should thus affect fundraising effectiveness. However, this topic has received relatively little attention from scholars. Fundraising practice includes two types of charitable outputs—goods‐oriented and services‐oriented, raising the question of how charitable organizations should use these two types of charitable outputs to increase donor support. The findings of four main experimental studies show that the fit of the types of charitable outputs and charitable cause phrasing can promote charitable giving. Specifically, goods‐oriented (vs. services‐oriented) charitable outputs have a better facilitating effect when charitable cause phrasing is concrete (vs. abstract). We also find evidence for the mediating role of ability perception and effort perception in this effect of fit, reflecting different formative pathways that influence individuals' giving. Our research proposes a categorization perspective of charitable outputs and provides managerial guidance for designing fundraising messages.
Selective and Sensitive Detection of Fe3+ Ions Using a Red‐Emissive Fluorescent Probe Based on Triphenylamine and Perylene‐Linked Conjugated Microporous Polymer
Authors: Madhu Manivannan , Santhoshkumar S. , Hsiao Ching‐Wen , Tseng Wei Lung , Kuo Shiao‐Wei , Mohamed Mohamed Gamal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Expansion of modern industry underscores the urgent need to address heavy metal pollution, which is a threat to human‐health and environment. Efforts are underwent to develop precise technologies for detecting heavy metal ions (M+‐ion). One promising approach involves the use of Conjugated Microporous Polymers (CMPs) modified with Triphenylamine (TPA) anderylene (Peryl), known as TPA‐Peryl‐CMP, which emits strong refluorescence. Various analytical techniques, such as Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), are utilized to characterize the synthesized TPA‐Peryl‐CMP and understand its functional properties. In addition to its remarkable fluorescence behavior, TPA‐Peryl‐CMP shows promise as a sensor for Fe3+ ions using a turn‐off strategy. Due to its exceptional stability and robust π‐electron system, this platform demonstrates remarkable sensitivity and selectivity, significantly improving detection capabilities for specific analytes. Detailed procedures related to the mechanism for detecting Fe3+ ions are outlined for sensing Fe3+ ions, revealing a notably strong linear correlation within the concentration range of 0–3 µM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9936 and the Limit of detection (LOD) 20 nM. It is anticipated that development of such a kind of TPA‐Peryl‐CMP will observe broader applications in detecting various analytes related to environmental and biological systems.
In Situ Growth of Highly Compatible Cu2O‐GO Hybrids Via Amino‐Modification for Melt‐Spun Efficient Antibacterial Polyamide 6 Fibers
Authors: Wang Ruixue , Zhou Jialiang , Xiang Hengxue , Hu Zexu , Yu Senlong , Zhai Gongxun , Zhu Liping , Zhu Meifang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolyamide 6 (PA6) fiber has the advantages of high strength and good wear resistance. However, it is still challenging to effectively load inorganic antibacterial agents into polymer substrates without antimicrobial activity. In this work, graphene oxide is used as a carrier, which is modified with an aminosilane coupling agent (AEAPTMS) to enhance the compatibility and antimicrobial properties of the inorganic material, as well as to improve its thermal stability in a high‐temperature melting environment. Cuprous oxide‐loaded aminated grapheme (Cu2O‐GO‐NH2) is constructed by in situ growth method, and further PA6/Cu2O‐GO‐NH2 fibers are prepared by in situ polymerization. The composite fiber has excellent washing resistance. After 50 times of washing, its bactericidal rates against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli are 98.85% and 99.99%, respectively. In addition, the enhanced compatibility of Cu2O‐GO‐NH2 with the PA6 matrix improves the orientation and crystallinity of the composite fibers. Compared with PA6/Cu2O‐GO fibers, the fracture strength of PA6/Cu2O‐GO‐NH2 fibers increases from 3.0 to 4.2 cN/dtex when the addition of Cu2O‐GO‐NH2 is 0.2 wt%. Chemical modification and in situ concepts help to improve the compatibility of inorganic antimicrobial agents with organic polymers, which can be applied to the development of medical textiles.
Time–Temperature‐Transformation (TTT) Cure Diagram of an Epoxy–Amine System
Authors: Strasser Claire , Moukhina Elena , Hartmann Jürgen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA time–temperature‐transformation diagram is created for the curing reaction of a diglycidylether bisphenol A (DGEBA)‐based epoxy resin. It results from a kinetic analysis performed by means of dynamical differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements; a gelation curve determined with isothermal and dynamical rheological tests; and a vitrification curve obtained from temperature‐modulated dynamic DSC measurements. The resulting diagram is validated by comparison of isothermal measurements with the corresponding calculated curves.