bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Both nongenomic and genomic effects are involved in estradiol's enhancing the phenotype of smooth muscle cells in cultured prostate stromal cells
Authors: Zhang Zhisong , Wang Liang , Mei Mei , Zhu Yan , Du Xiaoling , Lee Chung , Park Irwin , Zhang Ju , Shi Jiandang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDStromal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play an important role in the pathogenesis and clinical symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia. We had reported that estrogen enhances the phenotype of SMC in cultured prostate stromal cells (PRSCs). Here we further investigate the mechanism by which estrogen affects the differentiation of PRSCs.METHODSPrimary cultured PRSCs were stimulated with E2 or BSA‐E2. The mRNA level of SMC‐specific genes, smoothelin, and SM‐MHC were measured by qRT‐PCR. The SM‐MHC protein was measured by Western blot. The mRNA and protein levels of TGF‐β1 were measured by qRT‐PCR and ELISA. The MAPK inhibitor PD98059, the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI182,780 and neutralizing antibody to TGF‐β1 were used to reveal the mechanism of estrogen effect.RESULTSE2 and BSA‐E2 significantly up‐regulate the expression of SMC‐specific genes in PRSCs. Both forms of estrogen could increase the expression of TGF‐β1, which can be blocked by pre‐treating with PD98059. Moreover, PD98059 and TGF‐β1 neutralizing antibody could abrogate the effect of BSA‐E2 on cell differentiation. However, they could only inhibit part of E2‐induced SMC phenotype enhancement. ICI182,780 could partially suppress the pro‐differentiation effect of E2 but had no influence on the effect of BSA‐E2. Combined treatment with ICI182,780 and PD98059 can completely abrogate the effect of E2.CONCLUSIONSEstrogen could promote the expression of TGF‐β1 in PRSCs through nongenomic activation of MAPK pathway, and in turn enhance the SMC phenotype. Besides for this nongenomic effect, estrogen can also enhance the SMC phenotype through classical genomic action. Prostate 70: 317–332, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optical and electrical properties of Nd‐doped BiFeO3 thin films and heterostructures
Authors: Vengalis Bonifacas , Devenson Jelena , Oginskis Antanas K. , Lisauskas Vaclovas , Anisimovas Fiodoras , Butkute Renata , Dapkus Leonas 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHigh quality BiFeO3 (BFO) and Bi0.9Nd0.1FeO3 (BNFO) thin films (d = 150‐350 nm) were grown at 650‐750°C by RF sputtering on dielectric (SrTiO3; ZrO2<Y>) and conducting (Nb‐doped SrTiO3(100); n‐type Si) substrates. A direct band gap at 2.57 eV and 2.62 eV (at T =295 K) have been estimated for the BFO/YSZ and BNFO/YSZ films from optical transmittance spectra while an unset of weak absorption has been indicated for the films at 2.20 eV. Transverse electrical transport of the (BFO, BNFO)/(STON, Si) heterostructures revealed nonlinear current versus voltage behavior and clearly defined rectifying properties. Schottky junction model has been applied for the heterojunctions at T =300 K although complicated shape of I‐U curves demonstrated increasing role of space charge limited current with T decreasing down to 78 K. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High speed photoswitching: from material properties to device performances
Authors: Roux J.‐F. , Delord J.‐M. , Coutaz J.‐L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this paper we show how the characteristics of semiconductor (SC) material with very short carriers trapping time impact the performances of ultrafast optoelectronic devices used for generation and detection of radiofrequency or TeraHertz signals. The impact of properties such as concentration of deep‐level trapping centres, free carrier drift velocity saturation and long time relaxation of deep‐level trapping centres are studied. For devices based on low‐temperature grown GaAs we observe that working above typical ratings in term of input optical power, laser repetition rate or biasing electrical field lead, to reduction of electrical signal bandwidth and amplitude and linearity of RF signal samplers. All our experimental results are sustained by numerical simulations that allow us to quantify the limitations induced by SC material properties. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of photoconductivity and mobility in TlBr
Authors: Kažukauskas Vaidotas , Ziminskij Andžej , Davidyuk Georgyi , Bozhko Vladimir , Mironchuk Galina 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe have investigated photoconductivity and mobility in TlBr from –30 ΩC up to +20 ΩC, where the ionic conductivity is pronounced. Mobility‐related conductivity maximum superimposed on an interband‐generation conductivity growth was observed. It could be caused by the recharge of the scattering centre at about 1.65 eV. From spectral dependencies defect‐related transitions at 0.55; 0.83, 1.1; 1.32 and 1.65 eV were identified, being dependent on sample prehistory, i.e., its excitation by light and/or voltage. The transient photocurrent kinetics has demonstrated a complex behaviour that could be explained by the combined influence of electron generation/recombination processes superimposed upon the ionic conductivity. The thermally activated ionic conductivity was still effective at –20 ΩC. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of effective charge carrier mobility in ZnPc/C60 solar cells after ageing
Authors: Kažukauskas Vaidotas , Arlauskas Andrius , Pranaitis Mindaugas , Lessmann Rudolf , Riede Moritz , Leo Karl 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe have investigated the ageing of ZnPc/C60 solar cells in terms of changes of the charge carrier mobility and potential barrier height. The initial fast degradation of device performance within several hours was followed by a much slower one. The mobility decreases during degradation by about 30 to 50%. Moreover, an increase of the effective barrier height at ZnPC/C60 interface from ∼0.55 eV up to ∼0.65 eV was observed. Meanwhile thermal activation energy values of the electrical conductivity grew from about 0.28 eV to about 0.34 eV after ageing. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides to graphene, single wall carbon nanotubes, and C60
Authors: Denis Pablo A. , Iribarne Federico 
Published: October 2009

AbstractHerein, we perform a comparative study on the addition of azomethine ylides to graphene, carbon nanotubes, C60, ethene, pyrene and a C48H18 hydrocarbon. The calculated binding energies and free energy corrections suggest that the addition of azomethine ylide to perfect graphene is not spontaneous (ΔG > 0). However, the presence of Stones–Wales defects significantly increases reactivity: the binding energy between SW‐defective graphene and the azomethine ylide is 0.83 eV, close to that determined for a (5,5) SWCNT. The electronic properties of the sheet are not modified by the 1,3 cycloaddition. The binding energies determined for the addition of an azomethine ylide to a (5,5) SWCNT are significantly lower than previously reported. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Lineage Enforcement by Inductive Mesenchyme on Adult Epithelial Stem Cells across Developmental Germ Layers
Authors: Taylor Renea A. , Wang Hong , Wilkinson Sarah E. , Richards Michelle G. , Britt Kara L. , Vaillant François , Lindeman Geoffrey J. , Visvader Jane E. , Cunha Gerald R. , St. John Justin , Risbridger Gail P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDuring development, cell differentiation is accompanied by the progressive loss of pluripotent gene expression and developmental potential, although de-differentiation in specialized cells can be induced by reprogramming strategies, indicating that transdifferentiation potential is retained in adult cells. The stromal niche provides differentiating cues to epithelial stem cells (SCs), but current evidence is restricted to tissue types within the same developmental germ layer lineage. Anticipating the use of adult SCs for tissue regeneration, we examined if stroma can enforce lineage commitment across germ layer boundaries and promote transdifferentiation of adult epithelial SCs. Here, we report tissue-specific mesenchyme instructing epithelial cells from a different germ layer origin to express dual phenotypes. Prostatic stroma induced mammary epithelia (or enriched Lin−CD29HICD24+/MOD mammary SCs) to generate glandular epithelia expressing both prostatic and mammary markers such as steroid hormone receptors and transcription factors including Foxa1, Nkx3.1, and GATA-3. Array data implicated Hh and Wnt pathways in mediating stromal-epithelial interactions (validated by increased Cyclin D1 expression). Other recombinants of prostatic mesenchyme and skin epithelia, or preputial gland mesenchyme and bladder or esophageal epithelia, showed foci expressing new markers adjacent to the original epithelial differentiation (e.g., sebaceous cells within bladder urothelium), confirming altered lineage specification induced by stroma and evidence of cross-germ layer transdifferentiation. Thus, stromal cell niche is critical in maintaining (or redirecting) differentiation in adult epithelia. In order to use adult epithelial SCs in regenerative medicine, we must additionally regulate their intrinsic properties to prevent (or enable) transdifferentiation in specified SC niches.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Ethanol and PTZ effects on siRNA‐mediated GABAB1receptor: Down regulation of intracellular signaling pathway in prenatal rat cortical and hippocampal neurons
Authors: Naseer M.I. , Lee H.Y. , Ullah N. , Ullah I. , Park M.S. , Kim S.H. , Kim M.O. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractGABABreceptors (R) are widely expressed and distributed in the nervous system, and have been implicated in variety of neurodegenerative and pathophysiological disorders. However, the exact molecular mechanism regarding responsibility of GABAB1R in downstream signaling pathway is not well understood. The present study was undertaken to explore the downstream signaling and role of GABAB1R upon acute ethanol and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) exposure for (20 min) in cortical and hippocampal neuronal cell cultures by using GABAB1R RNA interference (i) (30 nM, 48 h) at gestational days 17.5. The results showed that GABAB1R and protein kinase A‐α (PKA) showed decreased expression upon ethanol and PTZ exposure in cortical and hippocampal neurons during transfected and nontransfected conditions, whereas these effects could lead to significant changes in phosphorylation of cAMP‐response element binding protein (p‐CREB) expression where GABAB1R was knocked down. Furthermore, intracellular Ca+2concentrations were also reduced in some groups after transfection with GABAB1R RNAi. These results showed a critical role of GABAB1R upon ethanol and PTZ exposure by modulating downstream signaling pathway. Finally, these findings suggested that inhibition of GABAB1R results in the modulation of PKA, p‐CREB pathway may play a role in long‐term changes in the nervous system, and may be an underlying cause of ethanol's effects. Synapse 64:181–190, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An end‐to‐end framework of transport layer mobility management
Authors: Wu Yi , Le Yanqun , Zhang Dongmei 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAs an end‐to‐end transport layer mobility solution, the TCP Migrate allows mobile nodes to remain reachable and retain existing connections while changing their point of attachment (i.e., IP address) to the Internet. However, our study shows that the referenced transport layer mobility solution has to face a challenge of simultaneous movements which may also exist in MIPv6 with route optimization. In this paper we extend the TCP Migrate work by resolving the simultaneous mobility issue that the existing transport layer approaches lack of and propose an improved end‐to‐end framework of TCP Migrate scheme with an efficient DNS assistant for handover redirection and transmission resuming. The handover performance of the proposed scheme has been evaluated by ns‐2 simulations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Les complications urinaires des traumatismes du bassin: aspects anatomocliniques et thérapeutiques au CHU de Conakry, Guinée
Authors: Bah I. , Bobo Diallo A. , Camara T. , Bah M. L. , Diallo T. M. O. , Amougou B. , Kouyaté K. , Bobo Diallo M. 
Published: October 2009

RésuméObjectifRessortir les aspects anatomocliniques et évaluer les résultats thérapeutiques d’une série de complications urinaires des traumatismes du bassin suivie au service d’urologie-andrologie du CHU de Conakry.Matériel et méthodeIl s’agit d’une étude rétrospective colligeant 52 cas de complications urinaires des traumatismes du bassin sur une période de cinq ans.RésultatsLes complications urinaires des traumatismes du bassin représentaient 3 % de l’ensemble des hospitalisations durant la période d’étude. L’âge moyen de nos patients était de 33 ans, avec des extrêmes de 10 et 63 ans. Les traumatismes étaient dus aux accidents de la voie publique dans 54,9 % des cas. Sur le plan clinique, la symptomatologie était essentiellement constituée par la rétention aiguë d’urines avec 80,7 % des cas et d’hémorragie (hématurie et urétrorragie). La principale complication urinaire observée après le traumatisme du bassin était une lésion de l’urètre postérieur, avec 82,7 % des cas. Tous les patients ont bénéficié d’un traitement chirurgical. Les résultats thérapeutiques ont été jugés après un recul moyen de 52 mois sur les plans urinaire et sexuel. Ainsi, sur le plan urinaire, les résultats ont été jugés bons dans 59,6 % des cas, moyens dans 17,3 % et mauvais dans 23,1 % des cas. Sur le plan sexuel, on a noté que 53,8 % (n= 28) des patients ne présentaient pas de dysfonction érectile, 25 % (n= 13) des patients avaient une dysfonction modérée et 21,2 % (n= 11) une dysfonction sévère.ConclusionLa prise en charge des complications urinaires des traumatismes du bassin est controversée, cependant, nous insistons sur la nécessité d’une étroite collaboration avec les orthopédistes, car la stabilisation des fractures du bassin constitue un élément capital de cette prise en charge.
Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Late Mesozoic granites in the NE Yangtze Block, China: further insights from the Jiuhuashan–Qingyang complex
Authors: XU XI-SHENG , SUZUKI KAZUHIRO , LIU LEI , WANG DE-ZI 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Jiuhuashan–Qingyang complex is one of the Mesozoic granite complexes in the NE Yangzte Block, China. New petrographical and petrochemical data show that the complex comprises a dominant granodiorite–monzogranite, the Qingyang body, which was intruded by the Jiuhuashan granite body. The two are characterized by distinct mineral components and trace element patterns. Compared to the Qingyang granodiorite and monzogranite, the Jiuhuashan granite is enriched in Rb, Th, U, Nb, Ta, Hf, Yb and Lu, and depleted in Ba, Sr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd and Ti, which are ascribable to the separation of plagioclase and biotite, and crystallization of thorite and fergusonite during the magmatism. New LA-ICPMS zircon U–Pb dating suggests that the crystallization age of the Qingyang body is 139–133 Ma, and the Jiuhuashan granite followed at 127 Ma. Moreover, the new zircon U–Pb dates reveal that Archaean materials were involved in the formation of these magmas, and that a sodium-rich metasomatic event occurred at about 100 Ma. The CHIME monazite and zircon ages studied for the Jiuhuashan body agree well with the LA-ICPMS zircon ages. Integrating this information with previous studies for granites in the NE Yangtze Block and in the coastal area of SE China, we believe that all of these Late Mesozoic granites were produced under the tectonic regime of palaeo-Pacific plate subduction towards the SE China continent in a NW direction, but the granites in the NE Yangtze Block are basically derived by crustal melting with limited mixing of juvenile material during the magma generation.
Dispersion properties of electrostatic oscillations in quantum plasmas
Authors: ELIASSON BENGT , SHUKLA PADMA KANT 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe present a derivation of the dispersion relation for electrostatic oscillations in a zero-temperature quantum plasma, in which degenerate electrons are governed by the Wigner equation, while non-degenerate ions follow the classical fluid equations. The Poisson equation determines the electrostatic wave potential. We consider parameters ranging from semiconductor plasmas to metallic plasmas and electron densities of compressed matter such as in laser compression schemes and dense astrophysical objects. Owing to the wave diffraction caused by overlapping electron wave function because of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in dense plasmas, we have the possibility of Landau damping of the high-frequency electron plasma oscillations at large enough wavenumbers. The exact dispersion relations for the electron plasma oscillations are solved numerically and compared with the ones obtained by using approximate formulas for the electron susceptibility in the high- and low-frequency cases.
How waves break up inshore fast ice
Authors: Squire Vernon A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractVertical accelerometers deployed on fast ice in Raudfjorden, Svalbard in early summer 1983 recorded characteristics of ice-coupled waves at the ice edge and during their passage under die ice sheet. Subsequent analysis indicated an unexpected increase in amplitude of waves of all periods some 20 to 30 m in from die ice edge. This is associated with a pair of heavily-damped waves, which become especially relevant at or beyond some critical angle and decay rapidly with distance from the edge; their coalescence may account for the increase in wave amplitude, and explain why ice tends to break out in strips parallel to the ice edge.
Aleksandr Stepanovich Kuchin: the Russian who went south with Amundsen
Authors: Barr William 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAleksandr Stepanovich Kuchin (1888–1912) was already an experienced mariner and oceanographer when Amundsen invited him to join the Fram expedition of 1910–12. Expecting a voyage through the Barents Sea, Kuchin found himself on an expedition to the Antarctic. While Amundsen's sledging parties sought the South Pole, Kuchin remained with the ship, completing an excellent oceanographic survey of the southern Atlantic Ocean. Returning to Russia in 1912 he was recruited, by the geologist and explorer V. A. Rusinov to join a scientific expedition to Svalbard. As deputy leader of the party and captain of Gerkules, the expedition ship, Kuchin played an important role in the Svalbard survey. Then once again found himself heading in an unexpected direction: on completing the Svalbard work, Rusanov decided to attempt the Northern Sea Route to the Bering Strait. Gerkules disappeared and was never seen again; her loss, presumably in the Kara Sea, brought to an untimely end the career of a promising young polar explorer.
Recent changes in the glaciers of Heard Island
Authors: Allison Ian F. , Keage Peter L. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTHeard Island, a heavily glacierized volcanic island in the Southern Ocean, is 80% ice-covered, with glaciers descending from 2,400 m to sea level: major glaciers are up to 7 km long with areas exceeding 10 km. Much of the island was photographed from the air in 1947 and again in early 1980. Photographs and limited ground surveys record changes (mostly retreats) in glacier fronts. Retreat is most marked on the eastern flanks where former tidewater glaciers are now grounded inland. Glaciers on northern and windward western flanks still end in ice cliffs but have narrowed; glaciers and ice caps on Laurens Peninsula (maximum elevation 710 m) are up to 65% smaller. Nearby lies Kerguelen and other southern islands with long climatic records have warrned significantly since the early 1960s. Surface and upper-air climatic data from Heard Island 1947–54 and records from automatic weather stations 1980–82 suggest that Heard too has warmed slightly, concurrently with a possible northward shift of low-pressure system tracks in this region. Temperatures have remained above average through the early 1980s and glacier retreat is expected to continue.
Fiscal viability and the constitutional development of Canada's northern territories
Authors: Stabler Jack C. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe constitutional development of the Yukon and the Northwest Territories has become a topic which is debated with increasing frequency and by an ever-widening group of participants. Provincial status is seen by many as the logical, ultimate goal. Admission of new provinces to the confederation, previously a rather straightforward process, depends on conditions which the Constitution Act of 1982 has altered. For the first time candidates are now required to be fiscally sound prior to admission. In this paper the circumstances in which Canada's northern territories might become fiscally viable are investigated, using simulation analysis. It is concluded that fiscal viability awaits the development of some of the frontier mega-projects proposed in recent years.
Moving loads on sea ice
Authors: Squire V. A. , Langhorne P. J. , Robinson W. H. , Heine A. J. , Haskell T. G. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA load moving on sea ice, whether the weight of a vehicle or the pressure exerted by a low-flying aircraft, produces a deflection which can in extreme cases cause ice failure. The magnitude and shape of the deflection profile depends on the weight and speed of the vehicle) and also the the ice thickness and properties, with flexuralgraviry waves radiating from the source at speeds above a critical value. This wave pattern was studied in detail on flat, snow-free sea ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Surface strain was measured directly and microcracking activity monitored to correlate measured strain with possible generation of dangerous cracks. Speeds of up to 28 m sec-1(60 mph) were achieved with a pickup truck, and up to 80 m sec-1with a US Navy C131 aircraft. Initial comparison between theory and experimental results is very encouraging.
A bioclimatic index of human survival times in the Antarctic
Authors: de Freitas C. R. , Symon L. V. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAn index of human ‘survival time outdoors in extreme cold’ (STOEC) has been developed, using body-atmosphere energy budget modelling procedures. The index, which is applicable in places like Antarctica where only limited climatological data are available, is based on the calculated rate of fall of core temperature from 37°C to 27°C of a standard inactive healthy subject in full polar clothing.Applied to data from 12 Antarctic stations it indicates relative severity of their mean and extreme climatic conditions. The severest winter conditions become lifethreatening after only about 20 minutes. At most stations in winter, exposure outdoors for more than two hours would be dangerous. Conditions at all coastal stations in summer are mildenough to allow a normal core temperature to be maintained. The index has many applications, for example estimating likely survival times of immobilized accident victims and guidelines for duration of work periods outside.
Adam Olearius's ‘About the Greenlanders’
Authors: Scheffel David 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe 17th-century German traveller and writer Adam Olearius is best known for his account of travels in Russia and Persia, first published in 1656. Parts of this work have been translated into English under the title ‘The travels of Olearius in seventeenth-century Russia’. Among hitherto untranslated sections is the chapter ‘Von den Grünländern’, an early and well-researched account of Greenland and its inhabitants, prompted by his examination of a party of three Greenlanders in Gottorp, Schleswig, in 1656. This article is a translation of the chapter, with an introduction to Olearius and his background.