bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das Lebensende in der (heutigen) Gesellschaft
Authors: Stadelmann Karin A. 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungWie Menschen mit dem Sterben und dem Tod umgehen, ist immer ein Spiegelbild der gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse. Es erstaunt nicht, dass auch in der vorliegenden Arbeit auf den gesellschaftlichen Diskurs rund um das Lebensende eingegangen wird, denn gerade die Soziale Arbeit gilt als eine Profession, welche ihr Wirken aus den gesellschaftlichen Spannungen und Problemlagen direkt bezieht und darauf auch reagiert. In Anlehnung an Roth (1960, zit. nach Krüger, 2017, S. 40) bedeutet das, dass die Soziale Arbeit sich «in der theoretischen Beschreibung ihrer Tätigkeiten, ihrer Funktionen, ihrer Handlungsfelder und Institutionen auf sozialwissenschaftliche Analysen der Gesellschaft» stützt.
Diskussion der Ergebnisse: Soziale Arbeit als Spezialistin für das Unbekannte
Authors: Stadelmann Karin A. 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden die Interpretation sowie die Diskussion der empirisch erhobenen und mittels rekonstruktiver Methode analysierten Daten geleistet. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf dem Verdichten der Ergebnisse zum inkorporierten Erfahrungswissen von Seiten der Fachpersonen in der Palliative Care. Die aus dem Datenmaterial gewonnenen Begründungen und Orientierungsmuster werden nun nach dem professionstheoretischen Zugang bzw. dem Konglomerat aus strukturtheoretischer (Oevermann, 2000;2009) und interaktionistischer (Schütze, 2014/2021) Positionierung, sowie in Ansätzen mit einer reflexiv-habitueller Positionierung (Knoll, 2010) verdichtet.
Veneziano and Shapiro-Virasoro amplitudes of arbitrarily excited strings
Authors: Firrotta Maurizio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We extend the Veneziano and Shapiro-Virasoro amplitudes to four arbitrarily excited states in bosonic string theory. We use the formalism of coherent string states based on the Di Vecchia-Del Giudice-Fubini construction. Within the same formalism, we also analyze the three string scattering finding the covariant version of the three reggeon interaction. Then studying the factorization properties of the extended four string scattering amplitudes we identify the covariant version of the three string interaction. Finally we obtain generalized Kawai-Lewellen-Tye relations connecting the scattering of four open and closed arbitrarily excited states.
Continental and oceanic AAM contributions to Chandler Wobble with the amplitude attenuation from 2012 to 2022
Authors: Xu Xue-Qing , Fang Ming , Zhou Yong-Hong , Liao Xin-Hao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe reconstructed the Chandler Wobble (CW) from 1962 to 2022 by combining the Eigen-oscillator excited by geophysical fluids of atmospheric and oceanic angular momentums (AAM and OAM). The mass and motion terms for the AAM are further divided with respect to the land and ocean domains. Particular attention is placed on the time span from 2012 to 2022 in relation to the observable reduction in the amplitude of the CW. Our research indicates that the main contributor to the CW induced by AAM is the mass term (i.e., the pressure variations over land). Moreover, the phase of the AAM-induced CW remains relatively stable during the interval of 1962–2022. In contrast, the phase of the OAM-induced CW exhibits a periodic variation with a cycle of approximately 20 years. This cyclic variation would modulate the overall amplitude of the CW. The noticeable amplitude deduction over the past ten years can be attributed to the evolution of the CW driven by AAM and OAM, toward a state of cancellation. These findings further reveal that the variation in the phase difference between the CW forced by AAM and OAM, may be indicative of changes in the interaction between the solid Earth, atmosphere, and ocean.
Classification of anisotropic local Hardy spaces and inhomogeneous Triebel–Lizorkin spaces
Authors: van Velthoven Jordy Timo , Voigtlaender Felix 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a characterization of when two expansive matrices yield the same anisotropic local Hardy and inhomogeneous Triebel–Lizorkin spaces. The characterization is in terms of the coarse equivalence of certain quasi-norms associated to the matrices. For nondiagonal matrices, these conditions are strictly weaker than those classifying the coincidence of the corresponding homogeneous function spaces. The obtained results complete the classification of anisotropic Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces associated to general expansive matrices.
UVB-Aged Microplastics and Cellular Damage: An in Vitro Study
Authors: La Maestra Sebastiano , Benvenuti Mirko , Alberti Stefano , Ferrea Linda , D’Agostini Francesco 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlastics are synthetic organic compounds whose widespread use generates enormous waste. Different processes, such as mechanical abrasion, microbiological activity, and UVB irradiation, can fragment the plastic material and generate microplastics (MPs). MPs are ubiquitous, and various organisms, including humans, can ingest or inhale them, with potential adverse health effects. The differences between UV-aged and virgin particles were studied to evaluate the genotoxic damage and oxidative stress induced by polystyrene MPs with 1 and 5 µm sizes on the monocyte-like cell line (THP-1). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Ζ-potential measurements were used to characterise MP particles after UVB exposure. Cells exposed to MPs show a widespread change in the cellular environment with the generation of reactive oxidative species (ROS), as indicated by the increased malondialdehyde level. The occurrence of genotoxic damage is correlated to the smaller size and ageing state of the MPs. The biochemical and genomic alterations observed in this in vitro study suggest that MPs, ubiquitous pollutants, following natural degradation and oxidation processes can cause various adverse effects on the health of the exposed population, making it necessary to carry out further studies to better define the real risk.
Bacteriocins attenuate Listeria monocytogenes–induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammatory response
Authors: Wang Zhao , Du Jing , Ma Wenyu , Diao Xinjie , Liu Qi , Liu Guorong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Bacteriocins have the potential to effectively improve food-borne infections or gastrointestinal diseases and hold promise as viable alternatives to antibiotics. This study aimed to explore the antibacterial activity of three bacteriocins (nisin, enterocin Gr17, and plantaricin RX-8) and their ability to attenuate intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammatory responses induced by Listeria monocytogenes, respectively. Bacteriocins have shown excellent antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes without causing any cytotoxicity. Bacteriocins inhibited the adhesion and invasion of L. monocytogenes on Caco-2 cells, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and cell migration showed that bacteriocin improved the permeability of Caco-2 cells. These results were attributed to the promotion of tight junction proteins (TJP) assembly, specifically zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and claudin-1. Furthermore, bacteriocins could alleviate inflammation by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways and reducing the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Among three bacteriocins, plantaricin RX-8 showed the best antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes and the most pronounced protective effect on the intestinal barrier due to its unique structure. Based on our findings, we hypothesized that bacteriocins may inhibit the adhesion and invasion of L. monocytogenes by competing adhesion sites. Moreover, they may further enhance intestinal barrier function by inhibiting the expression of L. monocytogenes virulence factors, increasing the expression of TJP and decreasing the secretion of inflammatory factors. Therefore, bacteriocins will hopefully be an effective alternative to antibiotics, and this study provides valuable insights into food safety concerns.

Key points
• Bacteriocins show excellent antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes
• Bacteriocins improve intestinal barrier damage and inflammatory response
• Plantaricin RX-8 has the best protective effect on Caco-2 cells damage

Graphical Abstract
Radiomic analysis based on magnetic resonance imaging for the prediction of VEGF expression in hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Yang Cui , Zhang Ze-Ming , Zhao Zhang-Ping , Wang Zhi-Qing , Zheng Jing , Xiao Hua-jing , Xu Hong , Liu Hui , Yang Lin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of radiomic characteristics of magnetic resonance images to predict vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.

Methods
One hundred and twenty-four patients with HCC who underwent fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging (FS-T2WI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) one week before surgical resection were enrolled in this retrospective study. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate the expression level of VEGF. Radiomic features were extracted from the axial FS-T2WI, DCE-MRI (arterial phase and portal venous phase) images of axial MRI. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and stepwise regression analyses were performed to select the best radiomic features. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed and validated using tenfold cross-validation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, calibration curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to evaluate these models.

Results
Our results show that there were 94 patients with high VEGF expression and 30 patients with low VEGF expression among the 124 HCC patients. The FS-T2WI, DCE-MRI and combined MRI radiomics models had AUCs of 0.8713, 0.7819, and 0.9191, respectively. There was no significant difference in the AUC between the FS-T2WI radiomics model and the DCE-MRI radiomics model (p > 0.05), but the AUC for the combined model was significantly greater than the AUCs for the other two models (p < 0.05) according to the DeLong test. The combined model had the greatest net benefit according to the DCA results.

Conclusion
The radiomic model based on multisequence MR images has the potential to predict VEGF expression in HCC patients. The combined model showed the best performance.

Graphical Abstract
The Utility of Sirolimus Eluting Balloons in the Setting of Chronic Limb Threatening Ischaemia in Asian Patients from Singapore – 12 Months Results of the PRISTINE Registry
Authors: Tang T. Y. , Yap C. , Chan S. L. , Soon S. X. Y. , Sivanathan C. , Gogna A. , Patel A. K. , Chong T. T. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of PRISTINE was to evaluate the 6 and 12 months safety and efficacy of the Selution Sustained Limus Release (SLR)™ sirolimus-coated balloon for treatment of complex lower limb occlusive lesions (TASC II C & D) in patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia (CLTI) from Singapore.

Methods
PRISTINE was a prospective, non-randomized, single arm, observational, multi-investigator, single-center clinical study. Complication-free survival at 30 days was the safety clinical endpoint. Immediate technical success (ability to cross and dilate the lesion and achieve residual angiographic stenosis < 30%), 6-month primary vessel patency, limb salvage, clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) and amputation free survival (AFS) were the efficacy endpoints of interest.

Results
Seventy five patients were included. There were 50 (68.0%) males; mean age, 69.0 ± 10.7 years. CLTI severity was based on the Rutherford Scale (R5 = 51; R6 = 17). Significant co-morbidities included diabetes mellitus (n = 68; 91.0%) and end-stage renal failure (n = 28; 37.0%). 112 atherosclerotic lesions were treated (TASC II D = 58 (52%); 76 (67%) de novo). There was 100% technical success. Mean lesion length treated was 22.4 ± 13.9 cm. Primary vessel patencies at 6 and 12 months were 64/86 (74%) and 43/74 (58%) and freedom from clinically driven TLR were 72/86 (84%) and 55/74 (74%) respectively. AFS was 61/73 (84.0%; five deaths and seven major lower extremity amputation) at 6-months. Mean Rutherford score improved from 5.1 ± 0.55 at baseline to 1.1 ± 2.05 (p < 0.05) at one year and there was a wound healing rate of 38/48 (79%) at the same timepoint.

Conclusions
The Selution SLR™ drug eluting balloon is safe and efficacious in treating highly complex infra-inguinal atherosclerotic lesions in an otherwise challenging frail population of CLTI patients with a high incidence of diabetes and end-stage renal failure. It is associated with highly satisfactory acute technical and clinical success, 12-month target lesion patency and AFS.

Level of Evidence
Level 2b, Individual Cohort Study.

Graphical Abstract
Work-related support for employed and self-employed people with rheumatoid arthritis or axial spondyloarthritis: a cross-sectional online survey of patients
Authors: Bakker N. F. , van Weely S. F. E. , Boonen A. , Vliet Vlieland T. P. M. , Knoop J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the provision of work-related support for (self-)employed people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) by healthcare providers (HCPs) or employers.

Objective
This study aims to explore the experiences of (self-)employed people with RA or axSpA regarding work-related support from HCPs and employers in the Netherlands.

Methods
This cross-sectional study concerned an online survey for (self-)employed people, aged ≥ 16 years and diagnosed with RA or axSpA. The survey focused on experiences with HCPs and employers’ work-related support and included questions on sociodemographic factors, health and work characteristics and work-related problems.

Results
The survey was completed by 884 participants, 56% with RA and 44% with axSpA, of whom 65% were employed, 8% self-employed and 27% not employed. In total, 95% (589/617) of (self-)employed participants reported work-related problems. Sixty-five percent of employed and 56% of self-employed participants had discussed these work-related problems with rheumatologists and/or other HCPs. Whereas 69% of employees with their employer. Both employed and self-employed participants reported that work-related advices or actions were more often provided by other HCPs (53%) than rheumatologists (29%). Fifty-six percent of employees reported this work-related support by the employer.

Conclusion
This survey among (self-)employed people with RA or axSpA found that the majority reported work-related problems, but only half of them received any work-related support for these problems. Discussion of work-related problems with HCPs was more often reported by employed than self-employed participants. More attention from especially rheumatologists and other HCPs is important to identify and address work-related problems promptly.
Deficiency of multiple RNA silencing-associated genes may contribute to the increased susceptibility of Nicotiana benthamiana to viruses
Authors: Ludman Márta , Anita Schamberger , Fátyol Károly 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Key message
Recently published high-quality reference genome assemblies indicate that, in addition to RDR1-deficiency, the loss of several key RNA silencing-associated genes may contribute to the hypersusceptibility of Nicotiana benthamiana to viruses.
BODYFAT: a new calculator to determine the risk of being overweight validated in Spanish children between 11 and 17 years of age
Authors: Martín-Miguel María Victoria , Delgado-Martín María Victoria , Barreiro-Arceiz Carolina , Goicoechea-Castaño Ana , Rodríguez-Pastoriza Sara , González-Formoso Clara , Fernández-Pérez Martín , García-Cendón Clara , Roca Javier , Clavería Ana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The assessment of body fat of children in primary care requires consideration of the dynamic changes in height, weight, lean mass, and fat mass during childhood growth. To achieve this, we aim to develop a predictive equation based on anthropometric values, with optimal diagnostic utility. This is a cross-sectional observational study, involving schoolgoers aged 11–17 years in the Vigo metropolitan area. Out of 10,747 individuals, 577 were randomly recruited. Variables: age, sex, ethnicity/country of origin, weight, height, 8 skinfolds, 3 diameters, 7 perimeters, and 85% percentile of body fat mass as the gold standard. Generalized additive regression was selected by cross-validation and compared using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC curves). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, true positive and true negative values, false positive and false negative values, accuracy, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated. Two models were identified. The optimal model includes sex, weight, height, leg perimeter, and arm perimeter, with sensitivity of 0.93 (0.83–1.00), specificity of 0.91 (0.83–0.96), accuracy of 0.91 (0.84–0.96), and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.957 (0.928–0.986). The second model includes sex, age, and body mass index, with sensitivity of 0.93 (0.81–1.00), specificity of 0.90 (0.80–0.97), accuracy of 0.90 (0.82–0.96), and an AUC of 0.944 (0.903–0.984).
Conclusion: Two predictive models, with the 85th percentile of fat mass as the gold standard, built with basic anthropometric measures, show very high diagnostic utility parameters. Their calculation is facilitated by a complementary online calculator.

What is Known:• In routine clinical practice, mainly in primary care, BMI is used to determine overweight and obesity. This index has its weaknesses in the assessment of children.

What is New:• We provide a calculator whose validated algorithm, through the determination of fat mass by impedanciometry, makes it possible to determine the risk of overweight and obesity in the community setting, through anthropometric measurements, providing a new practical, accessible and reliable model that improves the classification of overweight and obesity in children with respect to that obtained by determining BMI.
Ersteinschätzung in der klinischen Akut- und Notfallmedizin – Hintergrundwissen für die Praxis
Authors: Gräff I. , Schacher S. , Kümpers P. , Kogej M. 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Ersteinschätzung in der klinischen Akut- und Notfallmedizin sorgt dafür, dass die PatientInnen nach ihrer medizinischen Dringlichkeit behandelt werden. In Deutschland hat sich die pflegerische Ersteinschätzung zu einem unverzichtbaren Instrument entwickelt, besonders seit dem Beschluss des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (G-BA) von 2020. Überwiegend werden das Manchester Triage System (MTS) und der Emergency Severity Index (ESI) eingesetzt, die zwar validiert sind, jedoch noch Schwächen in der Ersteinschätzungsgenauigkeit haben. Dies ist allgemein wenig bewusst, genau wie die subjektiven Elemente der Ersteinschätzung, die insbesondere bei älteren PatientInnen oder in überfüllten Notaufnahmen zu Fehleinschätzungen führen können. Die Validierung von Ersteinschätzungssystemen stellt eine Herausforderung dar, da es bisher keine konsentierten Referenzstandards gibt. Mit der Entscheidung für ein Ersteinschätzungssystem ist der Prozess nicht abgeschlossen, regelmäßige Schulungen, eine Überwachung der Adhärenz und Audits sind erforderlich und benötigen Personal- und Zeitressourcen. Zukünftig könnte der Einsatz von Systemen die auf künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) basieren die ersteinschätzenden Pflegekräfte unterstützen und die Qualität verbessern. Trotzdem sind die Erfahrung und die Schulung des Pflegepersonals unentbehrlich.
Photobiomodulation versus fractional carbon dioxide laser for stria alba in phototype III-IV: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Hafez Vanessa , Mahgoub Doaa , Satour Elsayed Mohamed Ali , Mikhail Marina Mozeih Shaker , El-Kalioby Mona 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Striae distensae are common dermatological complaint. Cold laser using low-level light/laser therapy (LLLT) offers healing and analgesic effects and was not yet compared to ‘hot lasers’ efficacy. Study objective: to assess the efficacy and safety of LLLT in the management of stria alba compared to fractional carbon dioxide (FCO2) laser alone and to the combined use of both devices. Thirty patients with stria alba were randomized to receive either LLLT using diode 808 nm; 8–12 sessions, 2–3 sessions weekly (Group A) or FCO2 laser; 2 monthly sessions (Group B) or combined both devices simultaneously (Group C). Follow up was at 1 month and 3 months after last session. The efficacy of LLLT was statistically comparable to FCO2, despite numerical superiority of the latter. The combined group had the least numerical values in all efficacy outcomes. Patients in LLLT group did not experience any downtime. LLLT is effective in the management of stria alba comparable to the FCO2 laser. The lack of downtime with LLLT is reflected positively on patient’s satisfaction. However, this is counterbalanced by the frequent weekly visits. Although adding LLLT to FCO2 laser palliates the laser side effects but it offers the least efficacy. Trial registration number NCT04165226 (clinicaltrials.gov)
A step-by-step guide to causal study design using real-world data
Authors: Hoffman Sarah Ruth , Gangan Nilesh , Chen Xiaoxue , Smith Joseph L. , Tave Arlene , Yang Yiling , Crowe Christopher L. , dosReis Susan , Grabner Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to the need for generalizable and rapidly delivered evidence to inform healthcare decision-making, real-world data have grown increasingly important to answer causal questions. However, causal inference using observational data poses numerous challenges, and relevant methodological literature is vast. We endeavored to identify underlying unifying themes of causal inference using real-world healthcare data and connect them into a single schema to aid in observational study design, and to demonstrate this schema using a previously published research example. A multidisciplinary team (epidemiology, biostatistics, health economics) reviewed the literature related to causal inference and observational data to identify key concepts. A visual guide to causal study design was developed to concisely and clearly illustrate how the concepts are conceptually related to one another. A case study was selected to demonstrate an application of the guide. An eight-step guide to causal study design was created, integrating essential concepts from the literature, anchored into conceptual groupings according to natural steps in the study design process. The steps include defining the causal research question and the estimand; creating a directed acyclic graph; identifying biases and design and analytic techniques to mitigate their effect, and techniques to examine the robustness of findings. The cardiovascular case study demonstrates the applicability of the steps to developing a research plan. This paper used an existing study to demonstrate the relevance of the guide. We encourage researchers to incorporate this guide at the study design stage in order to elevate the quality of future real-world evidence.