bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intertextualité et connaissance dans l'œuvre de Stanisław Lem
Authors: Jarzebski Jerzy 
Published: July 2011

Intertekstualność a poznanie u Lema

Rozpatruję tutaj szczególne formy, jakie przybiera intertekstualność w utworach science fiction, zwłaszcza w prozie Stanisława Lema. Autor SF konstruuje swój tekst w korespondencji nie tylko z tekstami zastanymi w realnym świecie swojej kultury, ale też ze sferą tekstów fikcyjnych, należących do fantastycznej rzeczywistości, w której umieścił fabułę. Istotne dla literatury SF jest więc zderzenie języków tradycyjnych z «językiem nowości», problematyka interpretacji cudzej mowy, stabilizacji i destabilizacji znanych pojęć, gry autora z odbiorcą etc.
Science fiction przyswoiła sobie większość problemów, które do literatury i teorii (literackiego) poznania wprowadził modernizm, a zwłaszcza kwestię nieprzejrzystości języka i wynikających stąd kłopotów poznawczych i komunikacyjnych. W pisarstwie Lema główną rolę odgrywa zmieszanie języków i paradygmatów mowy — potocznych i naukowych. Jest on zwolennikiem empirii w stylu Feyerabenda, tzn. rzeczywistość konfrontuje z wielością teorii, hipotez, konkurencyjnych języków opisu.
Ostatecznie gry intertekstualne wypierają stopniowo z utworów Lema opisy bezpośredniej, fizycznej empirii, choć nie mogą do końca zastąpić zmysłowego kontaktu z Innością. Gry owe stają się najciekawsze wtedy, gdy pojawiają się w funkcji identyfikacyjnej i terapeutycznej, a powiązane z sobą języki tworzą azyl dla pojęcia «ludzkości» — przeciwstawiany rzeczywistości nieoswojonej.
Introduction aux souvenirs de Natalija Mixajlovna Čegodaeva-Geršenzon : Pervye šagi moej žizni: gody moego bessmertija (Mes premiers pas dans la vie : les années de mon immortalité)
Authors: Horowitz Brian 
Published: July 2011

An Introduction to M. Čegodaeva-Geršenzon’s Memoirs
The First Steps of My Life: Years of My Immortality

In 1952 Natalija Mixajlovna Čegodaeva-Geršenzon, the daughter of the Russian historian, critic and philosopher Mixail Osipovič Geršenzon (1869-1925) wrote her memoirs. As an insider in the culture of Russia's Silver Age, she keenly describes the daily life of Moscow’s prerevolutionary intelligentsia. In addition, she provides valuable information concerning the life of M. O. Geršenzon. This is the first time these memoirs have been published.
Tak bylo de Leonid Andreev
Authors: Rolet Serge 
Published: July 2011

Tak bylo von Leonid Andreev

Das Thema von Tak bylo sind das Rätsel um die Macht des Königs und der Königsmord. Das Volk findet heraus, dass es vom König durch magische Kraft in Knechtschaft gehalten wird und allein durch dessen Tod frei werden kann. Wie so oft in der Kurzgeschichte kommt es zum Wendepunkt: der König entpuppt sich als erbarmenswertes Geschopf, das Volk selbst als die Quelle des Schreckens. Dieser Betrachtungswechsel wird vom Erzähler eingeleitet, der von weitem am Geschehen teilnimmt, und verleiht der Erzählung einen naiven Charachter.
Doch im Bezug auf die Eingeschränktheit der Erzählart Kurzgeschichte, und das ist gerade das Originelle an Tak bylo, wird das, was sich aus der Distanz herauskristallisiert (nämlich die Ideologie der Revolution), nicht als eindeutig lächerlich oder unrechtmässig dargestellt. Im Unterschied zur klassischen Novelle ist die Welt nicht eine andere Welt oder Ideologie als die des Autors, die in die Ferne genicht wird, sondera seine eigene Welt, eine Ideologie, der er selbst angehört. Die Sicht der Erzählung ist zweideutig.
Que font les entreprises en matière de relations avec les communautés ?
Authors: Delannon Nolywé , Bénard Jacques , Verreault Isabelle , Raufflet Emmanuel 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Cet article présente les pratiques en matière de relations avec les communautés de 21 entreprises installées au Québec. Deux tendances lourdes se dégagent des relations existant entre les organisations et les communautés. La première tendance concerne l’exigence de l’acceptabilité sociale des opérations de l’entreprise. Ainsi, les communautés font l’objet d’une attention de plus en plus marquée de la part des entreprises. La deuxième tendance porte sur le changement profond des attentes des citoyens et des communautés face aux entreprises : l’époque où la seule création d’emplois représentait la source de légitimité des activités économiques locales semble révolue. La multiplication et la diversification des acteurs, l’amélioration de l’accès à l’information et la tenue de forums d’expression ont accéléré et complexifié la gestion des relations entreprises-communautés. Selon les principaux constats découlant de notre étude, les entreprises sont motivées par la nécessité de préserver ou d’améliorer leur réputation et contraintes par des obligations légales; peu d’entreprises adoptent une démarche intégrée dans leurs relations avec les communautés, ce qui les empêche de tirer un maximum de bénéfices; les personnes-ressources ne sont pas assez outillées et réclament davantage de soutien de la part de la direction; l’évaluation des retombées est une méthode que l’on commence à peine à employer; les entreprises entrevoient l’avenir de leurs relations avec les communautés avec une certaine inquiétude. Fonctions : management, international, production, GRH
CONFIGURATION SET TO MOTION SIMULATION FOR BACKHAND STROKE OF TENNIS
Authors: Hung Chung-Shun , Hsieh Li-Cheng , Chen Ran-Sing , Wu Hong-Wen , Ho Yi-Hung 
Published: July 2011

Many people sustain injuries while playing tennis due to improper methods of impacting the ball and insufficient muscle warm-up. A common injury of playing the backhand stroke would be either elbow flexor strain or extensor strain. It is popular to analyze the motion of backhand stroke using kinematics and kinetics of upper extremities. In this research, the LifeMOD™ module developed from a commercially available software, ADAMS, was used for simulation. The objective is to determine the relatively fitting parameters, using compared results obtained from LifeMOD™ and Matlab. According to various researches, the parameters for each human joint set in LifeMOD™ that would play key roles for the results are stiffness, damping, and weighting. For stiffness and damping parameters, 105 N/m and 104 Ns/m respectively, is a better set for each joint. And for the weighting parameter, 10 is the best setting value for wrist joint, yet, either setting value would be applied for rest joints. In addition, the simulation model would be facile to observe the forces and moments of the joints in kinematics and kinetics for tennis backhand stroke.
Functional Screening of TLRs in Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells
Authors: Gillaux Claire , Méhats Céline , Vaiman Daniel , Cabrol Dominique , Breuiller-Fouché Michelle 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Intrauterine infection is a major cause of spontaneous preterm birth. Amniotic epithelial cells represent the first line of defense against intra-amniotic bacteria. We hypothesize that this epithelial cell barrier is able to recognize and respond to pathogens through the function of TLRs, which are crucial regulators of the innate immune system. In this study, we describe the expression of transcripts for TLR1–TLR10 in human amniotic epithelial cells. We show that amniotic epithelial cells express functional TLR5, TLR6/2, and TLR4. Activation by TLR5 and TLR6/2 agonists produces IL-6 and IL-8, concomitantly with the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, matrix metalloproteinase-9 induction, and PTGS2 expression. In contrast, TLR4 activation reduced amniotic epithelial cell viability and induced cell apoptosis evidenced by an elevated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleavage of caspase-3. These data suggest specific TLR-mediated functions in human amniotic epithelial cells for initiating different immune responses, which ultimately may lead to preterm birth.
An Insertion Mutant in DQA1*0501 Restores Susceptibility to HLA-DM: Implications for Disease Associations
Authors: Hou Tieying , Macmillan Henriette , Chen Zhenjun , Keech Catherine L. , Jin Xi , Sidney John , Strohman Michael , Yoon Taejin , Mellins Elizabeth D. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHLA-DM (DM) catalyzes CLIP release, stabilizes MHC class II molecules, and edits the peptide repertoire presented by class II. Impaired DM function may have profound effects on Ag presentation events in the thymus and periphery that are critical for maintenance of self-tolerance. The associations of the HLA-DQ2 (DQ2) allele with celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus have been appreciated for a long time. The explanation for these associations, however, remains unknown. We previously found that DQ2 is a poor substrate for DM. In this study, to further characterize DQ2–DM interaction, we introduced point mutations into DQ2 on the proposed DQ2–DM interface to restore the sensitivity of DQ2 to DM. The effects of mutations were investigated by measuring the peptide dissociation and exchange rate in vitro, CLIP and DQ2 expression on the cell surface, and the presentation of α-II-gliadin epitope (residues 62–70) to murine, DQ2-restricted T cell hybridomas. We found that the three α-chain mutations (α+53G, α+53R, or αY22F) decreased the intrinsic stability of peptide–class II complex. More interestingly, the α+53G mutant restored DQ2 sensitivity to DM, likely due to improved interaction with DM. Our data also suggest that α-II-gliadin 62–70 is a DM-suppressed epitope. The DQ2 resistance to DM changes the fate of this peptide from a cryptic to an immunodominant epitope. Our findings elucidate the structural basis for reduced DQ2–DM interaction and have implications for mechanisms underlying disease associations of DQ2.
NF-κB Signaling in Fetal Lung Macrophages Disrupts Airway Morphogenesis
Authors: Blackwell Timothy S. , Hipps Ashley N. , Yamamoto Yasutoshi , Han Wei , Barham Whitney J. , Ostrowski Michael C. , Yull Fiona E. , Prince Lawrence S. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a common pulmonary complication of extreme prematurity. Arrested lung development leads to bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but the molecular pathways that cause this arrest are unclear. Lung injury and inflammation increase disease risk, but the cellular site of the inflammatory response and the potential role of localized inflammatory signaling in inhibiting lung morphogenesis are not known. In this study, we show that tissue macrophages present in the fetal mouse lung mediate the inflammatory response to LPS and that macrophage activation inhibits airway morphogenesis. Macrophage depletion or targeted inactivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway protected airway branching in cultured lung explants from the effects of LPS. Macrophages also appear to be the primary cellular site of IL-1β production following LPS exposure. Conversely, targeted NF-κB activation in transgenic macrophages was sufficient to inhibit airway morphogenesis. Macrophage activation in vivo inhibited expression of multiple genes critical for normal lung development, leading to thickened lung interstitium, reduced airway branching, and perinatal death. We propose that fetal lung macrophage activation contributes to bronchopulmonary dysplasia by generating a localized inflammatory response that disrupts developmental signals critical for lung formation.
Overexpression of GLUT1 in Colorectal Cancer is Independently Associated with Poor Prognosis
Authors: Shen Yang-Mei , Arbman Gunnar , Olsson Birgit , Sun Xiao-Feng 
Published: July 2011

Background To investigate the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its relationship to clinicopathological variables. Methods The expression of GLUT1 in 163 primary tumors together with the corresponding normal mucosa, and 36 liver metastases was examined using real-time PCR. Results The mean value of GLUT1 was higher in primary tumors (50.390 ± 68.648) than in the corresponding normal mucosa (20.437 ± 28.703, p<0.0001), while there was no significant difference in GLUT1 expression between CRC and liver metastasis (50.390 ± 68.648 vs 52.277 ± 52.482, p=0.190). In CRCs, GLUT1 expression was higher in poorly differentiated than in well and moderately differentiated tumors (p=0.022), and higher in stage III + IV than in stage I + II tumors (p=0.035). The patients with high-expressed GLUT1 had a worse prognosis than those with low-expressed GLUT1 independently of gender, age, tumor site, stage and differentiation (p=0.026, RR 2.737, 95% CI 1.126–6.651) in stage I-III CRCs. In liver metastasis, GLUT1 expression was higher in larger tumors than in smaller ones (p=0.025). Conclusions Overexpression of GLUT1 in stage I-III CRCs was independently associated with poor prognosis.
Preparation of Optically Transparent Open‐Celled Foams and its Morphological Characterization Employing Volume Image Analysis
Authors: Bucharsky Ethel C. , Schell Karl G. , Habisreuther Peter , Oberacker Rainer , Zarzalis Nikolaos , Hoffmann Michael J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTransparent glass sponges are a new class of materials that can potentially be used for effective light dispersion in photobioreactors. In this work, transparent glass sponges are prepared by the polymer replica technique employing polyurethane sponges with cell sizes of 20 pores per inch as templates and commercially available nanoscaled SiO2 powders. Necessary conditions for obtaining transparent open‐celled glass sponges are presented. Topics such as slurry stabilization, temperature for burning‐out the polymer and subsequent sintering of the remaining SiO2 structure to transparent cellular bodies are discussed. It was found, that concentrated suspensions at around pH 10 offer suitable properties for both, bringing enough particles onto the polymer template for the formation of a stable and self‐supporting SiO2 shell and for successful sintering of the particulate framework to transparent bodies. Therefore, an adjusted burning‐out process and an adequate sintering regime is presented. Furthermore, the resulting sponge structure is characterized employing X‐Ray diffractometry, light, and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, volume image analysis was performed using magnetic resonance imaging. This method allows the calculation of geometrical parameters like cell‐size and specific surface area of the resulting structure, required for application of the new material.
Functionalization of a protein surface with per‐O‐methylated β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Kitagishi Hiroaki , Kashiwa Kazuya , Kano Koji 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPer‐O‐methylated β‐cyclodextrin (CD) bearing an iodoacetamide group at the 6‐position was synthesized to functionalize protein surfaces. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was quantitatively modified with the CD derivative by the SN2 reaction of iodoacetamide with a cysteine residue (Cys34) on the BSA surface. The resultant CD‐functionalized BSA (BSA‐CD) spontaneously dimerized upon addition of an anionic tetraarylporphyrin (TPPS) through the supramolecular 1:2 complexation between TPPS and CD on the protein surface. The BSA‐CD/TPPS complex further complexed with ferric protoporphyrin IX (hemin) in the hydrophobic pockets of albumin to form a hemin/BSA‐CD/TPPS ternary complex in which static fluorescence quenching occurred owing to intramolecular electron transfer from the photoexcited TPPS to hemin. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 11–20, 2012.
Thermal regulation of membrane lipid fluidity by a two‐component system in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Bredeston L.M. , Marciano D. , Albanesi D. , De Mendoza D. , Delfino J. M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article describes a simple and robust laboratory exercise on the regulation of membrane unsaturated fatty acid composition in bacteria by a decrease in growth temperature. We take advantage of the well characterized Des pathway of Bacillus subtilis, composed of a Δ5‐desaturase (encoded by the des gene) and the canonical two‐component system DesK‐DesR, to study the transcriptional regulation of des during cold shock. Students analyze the expression of a reporter transcriptional fusion between the des promoter and the bacterial lacZ gene in a wild‐type B. subtilis strain and in des or desK‐desR mutants grown under different culture conditions. Measurements of β‐galactosidase activity allow them to investigate how the Des pathway works and to assess the role of each component of this regulatory system. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 2011
An interactive educational tool for the teaching of manoeuvres in electrical substations
Authors: Monroy‐Berjillos Darío , Bachiller‐Soler Alfonso , Martínez‐Lacañina Pedro J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe philosophy of safety at work is one of the bases for the operation of electrical installations, with particular relevance in the manoeuvres in electrical substations. The curriculum for Electrical Engineering students should include such knowledge. This article presents an educational tool currently in use, which has demonstrated its full effectiveness in achieving the implementation of safe working methods in the planning and execution of manoeuvres in electrical substations. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21:E152–E162, 2013
SNAP Dendrimers: Multivalent Protein Display on Dendrimer‐Like DNA for Directed Evolution
Authors: Kaltenbach Miriam , Stein Viktor , Hollfelder Florian 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDisplay systems connect a protein with the DNA encoding it. Such systems (e.g., phage or ribosome display) have found widespread application in the directed evolution of protein binders and constitute a key element of the biotechnological toolkit. In this proof‐of‐concept study we describe the construction of a system that allows the display of multiple copies of a protein of interest in order to take advantage of avidity effects during affinity panning. To this end, dendrimer‐like DNA is used as a scaffold with docking points that can join the coding DNA with multiple protein copies. Each DNA construct is compartmentalised in water‐in‐oil emulsion droplets. The corresponding protein is expressed, in vitro, inside the droplets as a SNAP‐tag fusion. The covalent bond between DNA and the SNAP‐tag is created by reaction with dendrimer‐bound benzylguanine (BG). The ability to form dendrimer‐like DNA straightforwardly from oligonucleotides bearing BG allowed the comparison of a series of templates differing in size, valency and position of BG. In model selections the most efficient constructs show recoveries of up to 0.86 % and up to 400‐fold enrichments. The comparison of mono‐ and multivalent constructs suggests that the avidity effect enhances enrichment by up to fivefold and recovery by up to 25‐fold. Our data establish a multivalent format for SNAP‐display based on dendrimer‐like DNA as the first in vitro display system with defined tailor‐made valencies and explore a new application for DNA nanostructures. These data suggest that multivalent SNAP dendrimers have the potential to facilitate the selection of protein binders especially during early rounds of directed evolution, allowing a larger diversity of candidate binders to be recovered.
Trans‐pleural pericardiocentesis: Revisiting an old technique
Authors: Guo Kenneth , Ding Zee Pin , Tan Jack 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPercutaneous access to the pericardial space serves both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Multiple approaches have been described, which include the apical, sub‐xiphoid, trans‐atrial, and trans‐bronchial techniques. Occasionally, in the presence of both left pleural effusion and posterior pericardial effusion, echocardiographically guided pleuropericardial drainage can be carried out using the left axillary approach. Here we revisit the use of this technique in a patient. Future development of this technique, using a noncompliant balloon to expand the pleuropericardial interface, may avoid the need for a pericardial window in oncology and rheumatology patients with recurrent pericardial effusions. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variable approaches to arterial ductal stenting in infants with complex congenital heart disease
Authors: Kenny Damien , Berman Darren , Zahn Evan , Amin Zahid 
Published: July 2011

AbstractStenting of the arterial duct to maintain postnatal communication between the pulmonary and systemic arterial circulations in infants with complex congenital heart disease is an acceptable alternative to a surgically created systemic to pulmonary artery shunt. The procedure, however, can be demanding given the variable anatomy of the patent ductus arteriosus. We report a series of cases of ductal stenting via a range of varying approaches in neonates with complex congenital heart disease, and display the variety of situations in which these approaches may be used. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Interplay of Chemical Microenvironment and Redox Environment on Thiol–Disulfide Exchange Kinetics
Authors: Wu Chuanliu , Belenda Cristina , Leroux Jean‐Christophe , Gauthier Marc A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe interplay between the chemical microenvironment surrounding disulfides and the redox environment of the media on thiol–disulfide exchange kinetics was examined by using a peptide platform. Exchange kinetics of up to 34 cysteine‐containing peptides were measured in several redox buffers. The electrostatic attraction/repulsion between charged peptides and reducing agents such as glutathione was found to have a very pronounced effect on thiol–disulfide exchange kinetics (differences of ca. three orders of magnitude). Exchange kinetics could be directly correlated to peptide charge over the entire range examined. This study highlights the possibility of finely and predictably tuning thiol–disulfide exchange, and demonstrates the importance of considering both the local environment surrounding the disulfide and the nature of the major reducing species present in the environment for which their use is intended (e.g., in drug delivery systems, sensors, etc).
Experimental and Theoretical Characterization of the Aromatization, Epimerization, and Fragmentation Reactions of Bi‐2H‐azirin‐2‐yls Prepared from 1,4‐Diazidobuta‐1,3‐dienes
Authors: Banert Klaus , Köhler Frank , Melzer Antje , Scharf Ingolf , Rheinwald Gerd , Rüffer Tobias , Lang Heinrich , Herges Rainer , Heß Kirsten , Ghavtadze Nugzar , Würthwein Ernst‐Ulrich 
Published: July 2011

Abstract1,4‐Diazidobuta‐1,3‐dienes (Z,Z)‐10, 17, and 21 were photolyzed and thermolyzed to yield the pyridazines 13, 20, and 23, respectively. To explain these aromatic final products, the generation of highly strained bi‐2H‐azirin‐2‐yls 12, 19, and 22 and their valence isomerization were postulated. In the case of meso‐ and rac‐22, nearly quantitative formation from diazide 21, isolation as stable solids, and complete characterization were possible. On the thermolysis of 22, aromatization to 23 was only a side reaction, whereas equilibration of meso‐ and rac‐22 and fragmentation, which led to alkyne 24 and acetonitrile, dominated. Prolonged irradiation of 22 gave mainly the pyrimidine 25. The change of the configuration at C‐2 of the 2H‐azirine unit was observed not only in the case of bi‐2H‐azirin‐2‐yls 22 but also for simple spirocyclic 2H‐azirines 29 at a relatively low temperature (75 °C). The fragmentation of rac‐22 to give alkyne 24 and two molecules of acetonitrile was also studied by high‐level quantum chemical calculations. For a related model system 30 (methyl instead of phenyl groups), two transition states TS‐30–31 of comparable energy with multiconfigurational electronic states could be localized on the energy hypersurface for this one‐step conversion. The symmetrical transition state complies with the definition of a coarctate mechanism.