bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ‘Kelloway Rock’ of Scarborough
Authors: Buckman S. S. 
Published: October 2009

O
ver
fifty years ago an important paper on ‘The Kelloway Rock of the Yorkshire Coast’ was published by John Leckenby in this Society's Journal. It dealt chiefly, if not entirely, with the development of the stratum in the neighbourhood of Scarborough. From this rock he recorded over thirty species of ammonites, many of which were new. Several of these were not figured, and they may be said to have remained almost unknown to science, except perhaps locally. Even of those figured it has been difficult to determine from the descriptions and illustrations what were their generic affinities—a task not altogether easy, even when the specimens themselves are handled.

It is obvious from the ammonite fauna which Leckenby described that the Kelloway Rock of Yorkshire comprises more than the Kellaways Rock of Wiltshire, that it is in part a calcareous equivalent of the Oxford Clay of the southern counties. But, at the same time, this does not state the whole of the facts: for the ammonite fauna of the Yorkshire stratum is not found, so far as many species are concerned, in the Oxford Clay of the southern counties; while certain species of the Kellaways Rock are absent from the Yorkshire deposit. It therefore becomes of interest to see what the ammonites are, and what zonal series they represent.
By the kindness of Prof. McKenny Hughes and Mr. Woods of the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge, all the types of the ammonites described by Leckenby which are in their possession have been sent
The Bathonian Rocks of the Oxford District.
Authors: Odling M. 
Published: October 2009

T
his
work undertaken at the suggestion of Prof. Sollas, who supervised the work, and at his suggestion a large number of rock-sections have been examined.

To Mr. W. W. Fisher, M. A. Public Analyst for Oxfordshire, Berkshire, & Buckinghamshire, I am indebted for much help and many valuable suggestions in carrying out the chemical analyses. I must also express my thanks to Mr. Linsdall Richardson for kindly verifying a number of my identifications, and for his help in the correlation of the beds with those of other districts.
My thanks are also due to Mr. R. C. Sikes, M.Inst.C.E., for permission to visit the Ardley Cutting, and to the Directors of the Oxford Portland-Cement Works, who, contrary to their regulations, readily granted me permission to examine their quarry.

II. G
eneral
D
escription
.

The rocks described in this paper form a well-defined series sharply separated from the underlying beds, consisting of the
Clypeus
Grits on the west and Northampton Sands on the east; and from the Oxford Clay, which nearly always conformably succeeds.

Throughout the series there is a general westward thickening, especially marked in the lower members of the Great Oolite.
The Cornbrash.

This consists of rubbly non-oolitic limestones of various degrees of coarseness containing the normal Cornbrash fauna. The total thickness appears to be only about 17 feet, of which the upper part is characterized by
Microthyris lagenalis
, the lower by
Terebratula intermedia
. Cephalopods are far from abundant, there being apparently but two records: namely,
Clydoniceras discus
from Kirtlington and
Supplementary Note on the Discovery of a Palæolithic Human Skull and Mandible at Piltdown (Sussex)
Authors: Dawson Charles , Woodward Arthur Smith 
Published: October 2009

I. Geology and Flint-Implements. [C. D.]
Since reading our paper on December 18th, 1912, we have continued our researches in the Piltdown gravel.
The whole bed is divided into four well-defined strata. The topmost consists of surface-soil, containing pieces of iron-stained subangular flint derived from some ancient gravel, similar to those beneath. This surface-soil also contains a mixture of pottery and implements of various ages.
Beneath is the second bed of undisturbed gravel, varying from a few inches to 3 feet in thickness. It is from the centre of this bed that the triangular Palæolithic implement mentioned and figured in our former paper was obtained. It contains rolled and subangular flints similar to those found in the strata above and below, and is mostly pale yellow in colour with occasional darker patches.
The third bed, though not always present, is well marked, where it does occur, by reason of its dark ferruginous appearance, and chiefly consists of pieces of ironstone and rolled and subangular flints deeply patinated and iron-stained. As in most other beds of this description, the ferruginous colour of the gravel and of the fossils within it often varies in intensity, from a dull pale-brown to a lustrous blue-black, within the space of a few inches, the latter colour being due to the presence of ferrous sulphide of iron. All fossils found by us (with the exception of the remains of deer) were discovered or have been traced to this third dark bed.
The dark bed rests unevenly
Appendix.—On the Exact Determination of the Median Plane of the Piltdown Skull
Authors: Smith G. Elliot 
Published: October 2009

At the meeting of the Geological Society which was held on December 18th, 1912, I gave my first impressions of the cranial cast which Dr. Smith Woodward had sent me three days before the meeting.
On the present occasion it is not my intention to say anything further in reference to the brain of Eoanthropus (because I am preparing a full report upon it for presentation to the Royal Society); but, as there has been considerable criticism of the restoration of the brain-case, I should like to take this opportunity of expressing my opinion that none of the criticism has affected the accuracy of the preliminary note upon the cranial cast which I communicated to this Society in December 1912.
As the correct restoration of the cranium was the necessary preliminary to any detailed study of the form of the brain, Dr. Smith Woodward kindly permitted me to examine the fragments of the skull, and make an independent investigation with the view of determining what positions they originally occupied in the skull. This examination revealed a multitude of structural features which indicate precisely the true position and orientation of each of the fragments; and there is now no doubt that the reconstruction of the skull which Dr. Smith Woodward exhibited to the Geological Society in December 1912 was a much closer approximation to the truth than any of the various models so far exhibited in public by his critics.
In the course of my examination of the fragments last November,
The Geology of the Country around Huntly (Aberdeenshire)
Authors: Watt William Robert 
Published: October 2009

I. Introduction.
The district of which the geology is here described lies north and west of the Burgh of Huntly in Western Aberdeenshire. The general form of the area and its boundaries can be seen in the accompanying map (Pl. XL), which, with a few exceptions, includes all the localities mentioned in the following pages. Allrick Hill and the Glen Burn lie west of Clashmach Hill; the Hill of Milleath and ‘Torryhillock’ lie west of Broadland and Drumdelgie; Midplough lies north-east of Rothiemay Station and east of the Deveron.
With the superficial deposits this paper is scarcely concerned. The depression situated east of the high ground of Mungo, Hill of Kinnoir, and Battlehill, occupies the site of a former lake, and the thick deposit of clay hides the junctions along the hollow. Round Huntly many pits have been opened in the river-gravels deposited by the Bogie and the Deveron. Boulder Clay and glacially-striated rock-surfaces occur sparingly.
Save in the north, where the igneous rocks are continued, the area in question is hemmed in by crystalline rocks, part of the ‘Banffshire Series’ of Mr. Hinxman—consisting of quartzite, limestone, phyllite, and andalusite-mica-schist. These are well developed on the west of the area, while on the east occur phyllites, grits, and conglomerates.
On the east, the strike of foliation of these rocks varies, from north and south in the north, to north 60° east in the south. The dip of the foliation is vertical, or inclined to the east at a high angle.
The Composition of Rockallite
Authors: Washington Henry Stephens 
Published: October 2009

Introduction.
An igneous rock of quite exceptional chemical and mineral composition and of unusual petrographic interest is the granitic rockallite. This forms, in part, the small islet of Rockall, situated in lat. 57° 36′ N. and long. 13° 42′ W., about 170 miles west of the Hebrides, and about half-way between Ireland and Iceland. The haycock-shaped islet is almost inaccessible, and only three specimens of the rock are known to be in existence. To quote from a letter (dated December 9th, 1913) received from Prof. J. W. Judd, C.B., F.R.S.: ‘Although a number of attempts have been made to examine Rockall, yet, so far as I know, only two landings upon it have been effected. Even in these two cases it was only possible for sailors to jump from a boat on to a projecting point of the rock, and to knock off pieces which they threw into the boat. A carefully-equipped expedition made two voyages to the rock in 1896, but on both occasions had to give up all attempts at landing upon it.’
The rock has been described petrographically in great detail by Prof. Judd, who examined all three specimens, in a paper which forms one of the reports of the Irish expedition of 1896. To these reports the reader may be referred for descriptions of the islet and other information.
Prof. Judd's paper contains a chemical analysis of the ‘Inskip’ specimen, made by Mr. C. J. S. Makins. As this analysis is far from complete, ferrous oxide,
The Plants of the Late Glacial Deposits of the Lea Valley
Authors: Reid Clement 
Published: October 2009

Since Mr. Hazzledine Warren's paper was published in 1912 much work has been done in the pits at Ponder's End and Angel Road. Two other pits in the same district have also been investigated, these being situated at Hedge Lane and Temple Mills. Thanks to the efforts of Mr. Warren, Mr. A. Wrigley, and Mr. E.T. Newton, a large amount of botanical material has been collected, and the flowering plants have been sent to me for examination. The additions thus made to the list are so numerous, that we have now obtained one of the most interesting Arctic floras yet discovered in these low latitudes. Several of the species until the present time have been unrecognized in the fossil state, and two seem to be new to science. In these circumstances it seems advisable to place on record the new finds, especially as some of them may be of zonal value.
The geology of the plant-bearing deposits has already been dealt with by Mr. Warren, and it is therefore unnecessary to go into detail. The stratum which yields the plants conforms approximately to the contour of the existing Lea Valley; but it dips southward at a steeper angle than that of the present river, and therefore in that direction it gradually sinks below the water-level, though on the north it lies well above the river. At the point where the old valley of the Lea opens out into the valley of the Thames there is a sudden change, and these
Notes on the Mollusca [Lea Valley deposits]
Authors: Kennard A. S. , Woodward B. B. 
Published: October 2009

A series of molluscan remains from Temple Mills, kindly forwarded by Mr. S. Hazzledine Warren, yielded the following species :―

Pupilla
(=
Jaminia
)
muscorum
(Linn.). 7 examples.

Limnæa pereger
(Müll.). 2 examples.

Limnæa truncatula
(Müll.). 3 examples.

Planorbis leucostoma
Millet. 1 example.

Succinea oblonga
Drap. 10 examples.

Succinea schumacheri
And. 2 examples.

Sphærium corneum
(Linn.). I valve.

Pisidium
sp.

All these species are known from Ponder's End and Angel Road.
Mr. Warren also sent us a quantity of material from Hedge-Lane pit, and we can cite the following species from this deposit :―

Limnæa pereger
(Müll.). 3 examples.

Planorbis crista
(Linn.). 1 example

Planorbis arcticus
Beck. 1 example.

Pisidium
sp.

Planorbis crista
(Linn.) is also known from Ponder's End.

Further material has been obtained from Angel Road, and we are now able to add
Hygromia hispida
(Linn.) to the list. Unfortunately, the example is impel~ect and immature ; but, so far as can be judged, it is identical with
Hygromia terrena
(Cless.), a common form in the German loess. This further material from the Lea Valley simply confirms the conclusions at which we had already arrived (Q. J. G. S. vol. lxviii, 1912, p. 239).

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI.
This view includes the farthest corner of the eastern
The Ashgillian Succession in the Tract to the West of Coniston Lake
Authors: Edward Marr John 
Published: October 2009

In a paper published in the ‘Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society’ for March 1913 (Q. J. G. S. vol. lxix, p. 1), I gave an account of the Ashgillian succession in the Cautley District, Yorkshire, and stated that the development of the Ashgillian Series in the North of England is far more satisfactorily shown around Cautley than in the neighbouring areas of the Lake District and Edenside. I have described this Cautley succession ‘as one which should be taken as the type for the Ashgillian Series of Northern England.’
It is, nevertheless, desirable that one should know how this Ashgillian Series is developed in the place from which it takes its name—namely, the stream and quarry of Ashgill west of Coniston Lake,—and I accordingly devoted several weeks during the summers of 1913 and 1914 to the study of the succession in the tract in which Ashgill lies. I have been much helped in this work by my son, Lieut. F. A. Marr.
The study of the rocks here is rendered more difficult than in the Cautley region, partly owing to their smaller thickness, as a result of which the fossils appear to have been largely broken before entombment, but especially owing to the great amount of cleavage, which causes much distortion of the fossils. But, after the experience gained in the Cautley region, this study has been rendered easier, and I now feel able to compare the succession of the Ashgill region with that of Cautley, though a final
The Geology of the District around Machynlleth and the Llyfnant Valley
Authors: Jones Owen Thomas , Pugh William John 
Published: October 2009

I. Introduction.
In 1909, one of us described the geology of the area around Plynlimon and Pont Erwyd, and a certain succession was then established. Subsequently, an area of 70 to 80 square miles north-west of Plynlimon has been mapped in detail, and the succession previously established proves to hold good, but some new light has been thrown upon the structure and its behaviour.
The present communication deals with the geology of an area of about 25 square miles, near the town of Machynlleth, where the succession, and especially the structure, present novel features which are described in some detail. The district lies on the border of the three counties of Merionethshire, Montgomeryshire, and Cardiganshire, and is included in parts of the 1-inch Ordnance maps, N.S. 149 & 163, and O.S. 59 N.E., S.E. The 6-inch maps, Montgomery 25 S.E., S.W. & Montgomery 32 N.E., N.W., cover the area—with the exception of a narrow strip in the north-west, which is contained within Merioneth 46 S.E.
The district is drained by the River Dovey and its tributaries, of which the narrow glen called the Llyfnant Valley, lying near the southern margin, is the most picturesque. Near the town of Machynlleth, which stands on the eastern margin of the Dovey Valley, the floor of the valley expands from its normal width of about three-eighths of a mile to nearly a mile: below this point it becomes constricted, and afterwards opens out into a broad estuary, flanked on the south-east by extensive marshes.
Notes on the Trilobite Fauna of the Middle Cambrian of the St. Tudwal's Peninsula (Carnarvonshire)
Authors: Nicholas Tressilian Charles 
Published: October 2009

Introduction
In a previous paper on the stratigraphy of the St. Tudwal's Peninsula (Carnarvonshire), an account has been given of the succession and lithology of the Cambrian rocks there exposed, together with approximate determinations of their contained fossils. By far the greater number of these occur in the beds named the Upper Caered Mudstones and the Nant-pig Mudstones, both of which are of Middle Cambrian (Paradoxidian) age.
It had been my intention to devote further time to the collection of fossils from these beds, in the hope of establishing subdivisions of zonal value and of throwing fresh light upon British Middle Cambrian faunas, which (at the time when my paper was written) stood in great need of detailed stratigraphical work. The situation has, however, been entirely changed by the remarkable discoveries of Mr. Illing at Nuneaton. He has shown that the beds formerly known as the Lower Oldbury Shales, renamed by him the Abbey Shales, contain a succession of Middle Cambrian horizons which teem with beautiful fossils, in a state of preservation far in advance of anything hitherto recorded from the Middle Cambrian of the British Isles. Not only are these Abbey-Shale fossils more varied, more numerous, and individually much better preserved than those from the St. Tudwal's Peninsula, but a comparison of the two renders it certain that the fossiliferous succession is far more complete at Nuneaton, and includes both lower and higher horizons than those found in Carnarvonshire. Under these circumstances, it does not seem that further investigation
The Stratigraphy and Petrology of the Lower Eocene Deposits of the North-Eastern Part of the London Basin
Authors: Boswell Percy George Hamnall 
Published: October 2009

I. Introduction and Literature

1

.

Little attention has been paid by geologists to the Eocene deposits of Suffolk and Northern Essex,
and the remarks made by Mr. W. Whitaker in a Geological Survey publication in 1885, could be repeated
with truth to-day. He says:—
‘....I may express a hope that the older Tertiary beds of Suffolk may in future have more
attention from geologists than they have had in past years. The marvellous accumulations of fossils
in the Crags seem so to have fascinated observers as to have led them to pass by unnoticed the really
fine sections of the older beds that have been open for many years.’
The Lower Eocene deposits are exposed for the greater part in the scattered brickyards situated in
the valleys, the deposits being buried under a considerable thickness of Glacial Drift, and also Crag,
upon the plateau-land. In the course of time, an increasing number of these brickyards are being shut
down, owing to the centralization of the brick-making industry near the larger industrial towns, and
the adoption of the machine-making process. The earlier geological workers had the advantage of seeing
more exposures than are now visible, and, what is of greater importance, of being able to record more
complete sections of Lower Eocene strata than in most cases can now be seen.
Although numerous papers had been published upon the Pliocene deposits of East Anglia, very little of importance had been written upon the Eocene before Sir Joseph Prestwich's excellent series of papers
On Parka decipiens
Authors: Don Archibald William Robertson , Hickling George 
Published: October 2009

I. Introduction.
The fossil with which this paper deals has now been a subject of speculation for more than three-quarters of a century. The problem of its nature has persistently been forced upon all who happen to have worked in the localities where it occurs. Its abundance, as in the Forfarshire area, for instance, its peculiarities of form and preservation, and its almost meaningless appearance—all tend to produce in any responsive observer a desire to explain its nature.

This paper is a joint statement of two entirely-independent investigations. At the Dundee meeting of the British Association in 1912 one of us (A. W. R. D.) made a communication on the subject of
Parka
(30), and it was not until then that we each became aware of the other's work. On comparing our conclusions, we found that they were, for the most part, in entire agreement. It therefore seemed desirable that an already overburdened literature should not be unnecessarily weighted by two separate papers, and we then decided to make a joint statement.

Naturally enough, not every point noticed by one had been observed by the other; nor were the methods of investigation employed invariably identical, although for the most part we both made use of Schulze's macerating fluid. One of us (G. H.), for example, succeeded in cutting cross-sections of the plant (see Pl. LIV, figs. 11 & 12). Hence we feel that this joint paper is more complete, and, in a sense, more authoritative, than any communication from either
Further Work on the Igneous Rocks associated with the Carboniferous Limestone of the Bristol District
Authors: Reynolds Sidney Hugh 
Published: October 2009

I. Introduction.

In 1904 the Geological Society published a paper by Prof. Lloyd Morgan and myself on ‘The Igneous Rocks associated with the Carboniferous Limestone of the Bristol District.’ Since that date enough additional information has been obtained, largely by digging trial-holes, to justify the present paper. The paper mentioned above summarizes the previous work on these rocks, and the references there given will not be repeated here. The following further communications have, however, been published:—

1
Prof. W. S. Boulton, in 1904, recorded many additional observations on the lava of Spring Cove, Weston-super-Mare, and its relations to the associated tuff and limestone. Prof. Boulton had already, at the meeting of the British Association at Southport in 1903, given a preliminary account of the section.

2
In 1904 a paper was published in the Bristol Naturalists' Society's Proceedings entitled ‘The Field Relations of the Carboniferous Volcanic Rocks of Somerset.’ In this paper the field-observations by all previous writers were collected together.

3
A short paper, ‘The Igneous Rocks of the Bristol District,’ which I prepared for the visit of the Geologists' Association to Bristol in 1907, summarizes the character of these rocks, but contains no fresh information.
The report by the Directors, on the excursions made during this visit, includes a short account of the Spring-Cove section with a plate of reproductions of photographs.

4
There is a brief description of these rocks in the chapter on the
The Lurgecombe Mill Lamprophyre and its Inclusions
Authors: Smith Herbert Gladstone 
Published: October 2009

Rather less than a mile north of Ashburton (South Devon), on the eastern margin of the alluvium of the Yeo, which here flows past Lurgecombe Mill, an excavation has recently been made in the hope of obtaining a workable quantity of road-metal. The rock which formed the object of the working is a biotite-lamprophyre, the existence of which does not seem to have been previously recorded. The dyke is about 9 feet wide, and is exposed for a length of 144 feet in a direction a few degrees north of east; it is intruded into Carboniferous shales (the thrust, as mapped by the officers of the Geological Survey, runs east and west about 100 yards south of the quarry) with which are interbedded occasional cherts. An examination of the country in the immediate vicinity does not reveal any prolongation of the intrusion; it plunges underneath the shales of the rising ground at its eastern end, and disappears under the alluvium on the west. It is not exposed in the bed of the stream, although here the alluvium has been swept away, but it may take a sharp turn and pass under the stream above the weir. The shales in contact with the dyke are merely indurated; no new minerals have been developed in them in consequence of this intrusion, and the locality is outside the aureole of metamorphism of the Dartmoor granite; the nearest outcrop of this granite is nearly 2 miles away.
The intrusive rock is, for the greater