bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of anti-colon antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease using human cultured colonic cells
Authors: Lee J C W , Cevallos A M , Naeem A , Lennard-Jones J E , Farthing M J G 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundInvestigation of anti-colon antibodies may be simplified if a sensitive method and homogeneous source of antigen were available.AimsTo examine the anti-colon antibody response using human colonic carcinoma cell lines as antigen.SubjectsPatients with inflammatory bowel disease and other gastrointestinal disorders and healthy controls were studied.MethodsComparative enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed to assess the value of whole Caco-2, HT-29, and LS-180 cells as antigen. The antigenic determinants of the immune response were characterised by western blot analysis.ResultsSera demonstrated immunoreactivity against each of the cell lines, but different epitopes were recognised. Applying whole Caco-2 cells as antigen in an ELISA, the prevalence of anti-colon antibodies was significantly greater in patients with ulcerative colitis (36%) than Crohn’s disease (13%), other gastrointestinal disorders (13%) and healthy controls (0) (p<0.05). The immune response was not associated with one predominant antigen.ConclusionsFixed whole cell ELISA is a simple and feasible method for studying the anti-colon antibody response. This response is non-specific, being directed against multiple antigens, and is likely to be an epiphenomenon of inflammatory bowel disease, more so for ulcerative colitis than Crohn’s disease.
Relation between GB virus C/hepatitis G virus and fulminant hepatic failure may be secondary to treatment with contaminated blood and/or blood products
Authors: Halasz R , Barkholt L , Lara C , Hultgren C , Ando Y , Broomé U , Fischler B , Nemeth A , Ericzon B-G , Sönnerborg A , Sällberg M 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundThe role of the recently discovered GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) has been debated. Although GBV-C RNA has been detected in many cases of FHF, recent data suggest that the relation between GBV-C and FHF may be accidental.AimsTo retrospectively investigate the possible relation between the presence of GBV-C markers (RNA or antibodies to the GBV-C envelope 2 (E2) glycoprotein) and FHF.MethodsThe presence of GBV-C RNA was determined in serum samples from 58 patients diagnosed with FHF using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Amplified genetic fragments were directly sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination method. Antibodies to GBV-C in serum samples were detected by enzyme immunoassay based on a recombinant GBV-C E2 protein.ResultsNine (16%) patients with FHF had GBV-C RNA and 14 (24%) had GBV-C E2 antibodies, which are higher frequencies than in healthy subjects (p<0.01 and p<0.05 respectively). Seven of ten patients with GBV-C markers during FHF tested negative for these markers before therapy with blood and/or blood products. Sequence analysis of the GBV-C NS3 region fragments of six FHF patients showed no common sequence pattern or motif.ConclusionsThe frequencies of both GBV-C RNA and antibodies are higher in patients with FHF than in healthy subjects. However, these increased frequencies may in many cases be explained by the use of contaminated blood and/or blood products given as therapy.
Toxic bile acids in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: influence of gastric acidity
Authors: Nehra D , Howell P , Williams C P , Pye J K , Beynon J 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUNDBile acid toxicity has been shown in the gastric, colonic, and hepatic tissues; the effect on oesophageal mucosa is less well known.AIMSTo determine the spectrum of bile acids refluxing in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and its relation to oesophageal pH using a new technique of combined oesophageal aspiration and pH monitoring.METHODSTen asymptomatic subjects and 30 patients with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (minimal mucosal injury, erosive oesophagitis (grade 2 or 3 Savary-Miller), Barrett’s oesophagus/stricture; n=10 in each group) underwent 15 hour continuous oesophageal aspiration with simultaneous pH monitoring. Bile acid assay of the oesophageal samples was performed using modified high performance liquid chromatography.RESULTSThe peak bile acid concentration and DeMeester acid scores were significantly higher in the patients with oesophagitis (median bile acid concentration 124 μmol/l; acid score 20.2) and Barrett’s oesophagus/stricture (181 μmol/l; 43.3) than patients with minimal injury (14 μmol/l; 12.5) or controls (0 μmol/l; 11.1). The predominant bile acids detected were cholic, taurocholic, and glycocholic acids but there was a significantly greater proportion of secondary bile acids, deoxycholic and taurodeoxycholic acids, in patients with erosive oesophagitis and Barrett’s oesophagus/stricture. Although bile acid reflux episodes occurred at variable pH, a temporal relation existed between reflux of taurine conjugates and oesophageal acid exposure (r=0.58, p=0.009).CONCLUSIONToxic secondary bile acid fractions have been detected in patients with extensive mucosal damage. Mixed reflux is more harmful than acid reflux alone with possible toxic synergism existing between the taurine conjugates and acid.
Randomised controlled trial shows that glyceryl trinitrate heals anal fissures, higher doses are not more effective, and there is a high recurrence rate
Authors: Carapeti E A , Kamm M A , McDonald P J , Chadwick S J D , Melville D , Phillips R K S 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUNDTopical application of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) ointment heals chronic anal fissures, providing an alternative to the traditional first line treatment of surgical sphincterotomy.AIMSTo determine the most effective dose of topical GTN for treatment of chronic anal fissures and to assess long term results.METHODSSeventy consecutive patients with chronic anal fissure, were randomly allocated to eight weeks treatment with placebo, 0.2% GTN three times daily, or GTN starting at 0.2% with weekly 0.1% increments to a maximum of 0.6%, in a double blind study.RESULTSAfter eight weeks fissure had healed in 67% of patients treated with GTN compared with 32% with placebo (p=0.008). No significant difference was seen between the two active treatments. Headaches were reported by 72% of patients on GTN compared with 27% on placebo (p<0.001). Maximum anal sphincter pressure reduced significantly from baseline by GTN treatment (p=0.02), but not placebo (p=0.8). Mean pain scores were lower after treatment with GTN compared with placebo (NS). Of fissures healed with placebo 43% recurred, compared with 33% of those healed with 0.2% GTN and 25% healed with escalating dose GTN (p=0.7).CONCLUSIONSGTN is a good first line treatment for two thirds of patients with anal fissure. An escalating dose of GTN does not result in earlier healing. Significant recurrence of symptomatic fissures and a high incidence of headaches are limitations of the treatment.
Evaluation of laser Doppler flowmetry for the study of benign and malignant gastric blood flow in vivo
Authors: Schilling M K , Redaelli C , Friess H , Blum B , Signer C , Maurer C A , Büchler M W 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUNDTumour vascularisation is a determinant of the development of metastases.AIMSTo measure blood flow in normal stomach and gastric adenocarcinomas by laser Doppler flowmetry and correlate blood flow with vascularisation after immunohistochemical staining of resected specimens for CD31 and von Willebrand factor.PATIENTSTwenty two undergoing resection for gastric adenocarcinoma and 10 undergoing cholecystectomy.RESULTSMean (SD) gastric blood flow was 208 (35) perfusion units (PU) in patients undergoing cholecystectomy and 190 (75) PU in the undiseased part of the stomach in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastric blood flow was higher in the border of gastric adenocarcinomas (322 (120) PU, p<0.01 v normal stomach) but lower in the centre (74 (27) PU, p<0.01 v normal stomach and tumour border). Blood flow was higher in tumours staged T⩾3 than in those staged T<3. Blood vessel density in normal stomach was 41 (8) stained cells/field viewed and was 1.9–3.4 times higher in gastric adenocarcinomas.CONCLUSIONLaser Doppler flowmetry is a valuable tool for studying the pathophysiological alterations of malignant blood flow in the human stomach in vivo.
More than just counting eosinophils: proximal oesophageal involvement and subepithelial sclerosis are major diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Lee Stephen , de Boer W Bastiaan , Naran Anupam , Leslie Connull , Raftopoulous Spiro , Ee Hooi , Kumarasinghe M Priyanthi 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundAccording to American Gastroenterological Association Institute criteria, the diagnosis of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EOE) requires clinicopathological correlation. In the appropriate clinical context, a high eosinophil count (HEC, defined as ≥15/HPF) is considered pathological evidence of EOE. However, HEC may not always be identified in biopsies given its patchy distribution, and there may be histological overlap between EOE and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in the distal oesophagus.AimsTo evaluate the utility of subepithelial sclerosis and HEC in proximal oesophageal biopsies as additional diagnostic criteria.MethodsCases between 2004 and 2008 with paired proximal and distal oesophageal biopsies and the mention of eosinophils in the reports were retrieved from PathWest Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre archives. Biopsies were reviewed and assessed for eosinophilic count and presence of subepithelial stroma and sclerosis. A final diagnosis was made after review of both biopsy and clinical details.ResultsThere were 23 cases of EOE and 20 cases of GORD in an adult cohort. In comparison to GORD, cases of EOE had significantly higher eosinophil counts in proximal (39.4 vs 0.6 eosinophils/HPF) and distal biopsies (35.6 vs 1.9), with HEC in proximal biopsies a feature exclusive to EOE (83% vs 0%). Subepithelial sclerosis was identified in at least one biopsy in 74% of EOE and in only a single case of GORD.ConclusionsHEC in proximal oesophageal biopsies and subepithelial sclerosis should be considered major diagnostic findings in EOE.
ABT-737 Overcomes Resistance to Immunotoxin-Mediated Apoptosis and Enhances the Delivery of Pseudomonas Exotoxin–Based Proteins to the Cell Cytosol
Authors: Traini Roberta , Ben-Josef Gal , Pastrana Diana V. , Moskatel Elizabeth , Sharma Ashima K. , Antignani Antonella , FitzGerald David J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPseudomonas exotoxin (PE)–based immunotoxins (antibody-toxin fusion proteins) have achieved frequent complete remissions in patients with hairy cell leukemia but far fewer objective responses in other cancers. To address possible mechanisms of resistance, we investigated immunotoxin activity in a model system using the colon cancer cell line, DLD1. Despite causing complete inhibition of protein synthesis, there was no evidence that an immunotoxin targeted to the transferrin receptor caused apoptosis in these cells. To address a possible protective role of prosurvival Bcl-2 proteins, the BH3-only mimetic, ABT-737, was tested alone or in combination with immunotoxins. Neither the immunotoxin nor ABT-737 alone activated caspase 3, whereas the combination exhibited substantial activation. In other epithelial cell lines, ABT-737 enhanced the cytotoxicity of PE-related immunotoxins by as much as 20-fold, but did not enhance diphtheria toxin or cycloheximide. Because PE translocates to the cytosol via the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the other toxins do not, ABT-737–mediated effects on the ER were investigated. ABT-737 treatment stimulated increased levels of ER stress response factor, ATF4. Because of its activity in the ER, ABT-737 might be particularly well suited for enhancing the activity of immunotoxins that translocate from the ER to the cell cytosol. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(7); 2007–15. ©2010 AACR.
Comparison of plasma-derived and recombinant von Willebrand factor by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Seyfried Birgit , Friedbacher Gernot , Rottensteiner Hanspeter , Schwarz Hans Peter , Ehrlich Hartmut , Allmaier Günter , Turecek Peter 
Published: June 2010

SummaryHuman plasma protein von Willebrand factor (VWF) is composed of a series of multimers with molecular weights ranging from 600 to 20,000 kDa or even more. Plasma-derived VWF (pdVWF) and recombinant VWF (rVWF) differ in that the ultra-large molecular weight multimer portion present in rVWF is usually missing in pdVWF due to partial cleavage of VWF by the plasma protease ADAMTS13. Here, tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM) was used to visualise the shape and size of rVWF and pdVWF. The morphology of the variants of VWF was comparable, containing both globular and stretched domains. Mean chain lengths of the filaments and diameters of the core globular domains were determined and analysed on a statistical basis. About 72% of the pdVWF molecules and 70% of the rVWF molecules were 100–300 nm long. The portion of very long molecules (>300 nm) was only slightly greater in rVWF than in pdVWF (20% vs. 18%). The diameters of the globular core structures were in the range of 12 to 30 nm for both types of VWF. Inspection of a purified rVWF dimer revealed a similar range for the globular domain (14–32 nm). Finally, we demonstrate a dramatic conformational change for rVWF upon exposure to high shear stress, as has been reported for pdVWF. Our TM-AFM data show that the overall structure of rVWF is similar to that of pdVWF and that rVWF will extend its conformation under shear stress, which is required to exert its function in primary haemostasis.
Apixaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, inhibits tissue-factor induced human platelet aggregation in vitro: Comparison with direct inhibitors of factor VIIa, XIa and thrombin
Authors: Jiang Xiaosui , Wong Pancras 
Published: June 2010

SummaryApixaban is an oral, direct and highly selective factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor in late-stage clinical development. This study evaluated the in vitro effect of apixaban on human platelet aggregation induced by thrombin derived via the extrinsic pathway. Direct inhibitors of FXa (rivaroxaban), FVIIa (BMS-593214), thrombin (dabigatran, argatroban) and FXIa (BMS-262084) were included for comparison. Citrated human plateletsrich plasma (PRP) was treated with 50 μg/ml corn trypsin inhibitor (to block the contact factor pathway) and 3 mM H-Gly-Pro-Arg- Pro-OH-AcOH (to prevent fibrin polymerisation). Human tissue factor (TF) (Innovin®; dilution 1:1,000 to 1:1,500) plus 7.5 mM CaCl2 was added to PRP pre-incubated with vehicle or increasing concentrations of inhibitors. The TF-induced platelet aggregation was measured by optical aggregometry. TF produced 85 ± 3% aggregation of human platelets in the vehicle-treated group (n=10). Apixaban and other factor inhibitors, except the FXIa inhibitor, inhibited TF-induced platelet aggregation with IC50 (nM) values as follows: 4 ± 1 (apixaban), 8 ± 2 (rivaroxaban), 13 ± 1 (BMS-593214), 46 ± 1 (dabigatran) and 79 ± 1 (argatroban). BMS-262084 (IC50 = 2.8 nM vs. human FXIa) had no effect on TF-induced platelet aggregation at 10 μM. These inhibitors at 10 μM had no effect on platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen, as expected from their mechanism of action. This study demonstrates that inhibition of thrombin generation by blocking upstream proteases (FVIIa and FXa) in the blood coagulation cascade is as effective as direct thrombin inhibition in preventing TF-induced platelet aggregation. Under these experimental conditions, a FXIa inhibitor did not prevent TF-induced platelet aggregation.
Experience of using a chilled water circuit design to expedite in situ chiller performance measurement
Authors: Yik Fwh , Lee SH , Lai Jhk , Chan KT 
Published: June 2010

A chilled water circuit design that can facilitate expeditious in situ chiller performance measurement has been adopted in a chiller plant and its effectiveness has been demonstrated. Before chiller tests commenced, the measurement accuracies of the sensors in the plant were checked by simple measurements and an analysis of the plant operation records. The analysis unveiled that the chilled water flow rate through the chillers was lower than the design flow rate and the chilled water return temperature often stayed below the design level due to excessive flow rate demand, which would hinder full load tests on the chillers. After the causes of the problems were diagnosed and the problems resolved as far as possible, measurement of the full- and part-load performance of the newly installed chillers was successfully conducted. This work demonstrated that the chilled water circuit design is effective in facilitating expeditious in situ chiller performance measurement but its use requires a properly functioning chilled water system. Practical applications: As the results presented in the paper show, the proposed chilled water circuit design is effective in reducing the time and effort required for measurement and verification of the full- and part-load performance of water chillers. This, in turn, allows more frequent chiller performance measurements to be made for detecting system or sensor faults and deterioration in chiller performance, which would help upkeep chiller energy efficiency and reliability. Described in the paper includes also several practical methods for verification of sensor accuracy and some common problems with chilled water systems where fan-coil units with on/off control are adopted.
Spinal pain and nutrition in adolescents - an exploratory cross-sectional study
Authors: Perry Mark C , Straker Leon M , Oddy Wendy H , O'Sullivan Peter B , Smith Anne J 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Background
Spinal pain is an important health issue for adolescents resulting in functional limitations for many and increasing the risk of spinal pain in adulthood. Whilst human and animal studies suggest nutrition could influence spinal pain, this has not been investigated in adolescents. The objective of this exploratory cross sectional study was to evaluate associations between diet and adolescent spinal pain.

Methods
This study surveyed the spinal pain (neck and back) and nutrition (specific nutrients, broad food groups, diet quality and dietary pattern) of 1424 male and female adolescents at 14 years of age, in Western Australia.

Results
Back or neck pain were experienced by around half of the adolescents, with females more likely to experience spinal pain. Nutrition differed between sexes and deviated from optimal intakes. Vitamin B12, eggs, cereals and meat consumption were related to spinal pain in sex specific multivariate analyses including primary carer education level and adolescent waist girth and smoking.

Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest that certain aspects of diet may have an association with spinal pain in adolescence.
Susceptible cell lines for the production of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by stable transfection of sialoadhesin and CD163
Authors: Delrue Iris , Van Gorp Hanne , Van Doorsselaere Jan , Delputte Peter L , Nauwynck Hans J 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes major economic losses in the pig industry worldwide.In vivo, the virus infects a subpopulation of tissue macrophages.In vitro, PRRSV only replicates in primary pig macrophages and African green monkey kidney derived cells, such as Marc-145. The latter is currently used for vaccine production. However, since virus entry in Marc-145 cells is different compared to entry in primary macrophages, specific epitopes associated with virus entry could potentially alter upon growth on Marc-145 cells. To avoid this, we constructed CHO and PK15 cell lines recombinantly expressing the PRRSV receptors involved in virus entry into macrophages, sialoadhesin (Sn) and CD163 (CHOSn-CD163and PK15Sn-CD163) and evaluated their potential for production of PRRSV.ResultsDetailed analysis of PRRSV infection revealed that LV and VR-2332 virus particles could attach to and internalize into the CHOSn-CD163and PK15Sn-CD163cells. Initially, this occurred less efficiently for macrophage grown virus than for Marc-145 grown virus. Upon internalization, disassembly of the virus particles was observed. The two cell lines could be infected with PRRSV strains LV and VR-2332. However, it was observed that Marc-145 grown virus infected the cells more efficiently than macrophage grown virus. If the cells were treated with neuraminidase to remove cis-acting sialic acids that hinder the interaction of the virus with Sn, the amount of infected cells with macrophage grown virus increased. Comparison of both cell lines showed that the PK15Sn-CD163cell line gave in general better results than the CHOSn-CD163cell line. Only 2 out of 5 PRRSV strains replicated well in CHOSn-CD163cells. Furthermore, the virus titer of all 5 PRRSV strains produced after passaging in PK15Sn-CD163cells was similar to the virus titer of those strains produced in Marc-145 cells. Analysis of the sequence of the structural proteins of original virus and virus grown for 5 passages on PK15Sn-CD163cells showed either no amino acid (aa) changes (VR-2332 and 07V063), one aa (LV), two aa (08V194) or three aa (08V204) changes. None of these changes are situated in known neutralizing epitopes.ConclusionsA PRRSV susceptible cell line was constructed that can grow virus to similar levels compared to currently available cell lines. Mutations induced by growth on this cell lines were either absent or minimal and located outside known neutralizing epitopes. Together, the results show that this cell line can be used to produce vaccine virus and for PRRSV virus isolation.
Recovery and person-centred care in dementia: common purpose, common practice?
Authors: Hill Laura , Roberts Glenn , Wildgoose Joanna , Perkins Rachel , Hahn Susan 
Published: June 2010

SummaryWith the launch of the Fair Deal for Mental Health campaign in 2008 the Royal College of Psychiatrists made a commitment to ensuring that ‘training for psychiatrists promotes the recovery approach’. National guidance emphasises the universal applicability of the recovery values for anyone of any age who has a significant mental health problem. Yet there has been little thinking as to whether the recovery approach is applicable to old age psychiatry and particularly to dementia care. This article explores the striking similarities between a recovery-oriented approach and person-centred care, the particular challenge posed in dementia care and the benefits of a collaborative approach in pursuit of common purposes.
Psychosocial outcome and psychiatric comorbidity in older adolescents with Tourette syndrome: controlled study
Authors: Gorman Daniel A. , Thompson Nancy , Plessen Kerstin J. , Robertson Mary M. , Leckman James F. , Peterson Bradley S. 
Published: June 2010

BackgroundChildren with Tourette syndrome generally experience improvement of tics by age 18 years, but psychosocial and comorbidity outcomes at this age are unclear.AimsTo compare psychosocial outcomes and lifetime comorbidity rates in older adolescents with Tourette syndrome and controls. We hypothesised a priori that individuals with Tourette syndrome would have lower Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) scores.MethodA total of 65 individuals with Tourette syndrome, identified in childhood, and 65 matched community controls without tic or obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms were assessed around 18 years of age regarding psychosocial functioning and lifetime psychiatric disorders.ResultsCompared with controls, individuals with Tourette syndrome had substantially lower CGAS scores (P=10−8) and higher rates of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depression, learning disorder and conduct disorder (P⩽0.01). In the participants with Tourette syndrome, poorer psychosocial outcomes were associated with greater ADHD, OCD and tic severity.ConclusionsClinically ascertained children with Tourette syndrome typically have impaired psychosocial functioning and high comorbidity rates in late adolescence.