bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imidazoline‐4‐thiones from cyanothioformamides and aldehyde imines: Formation, aromatization, and acetylation
Authors: El‐Sharief Ahmed M. Sh. , Ketcham Roger , Ries Monika , Schaumann Ernst , Adiwidjaja Gunadi 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
magnified image The reaction of N‐methyl‐ (3a) or N‐phenylcyanothioformamide (3b) with acetaldimine (5a, as 1‐amino‐1‐ethanol) gives 5‐(amino)imidazolidine‐4‐thiones 6B. Product 6a reacts with a second equivalent of 3a to give 8 which in turn is oxidized to disulfide 9. Using araldimines 5b,5c, only 1:2 intermediates 10 derived from 3a, 3b and two moles of the imine 5 are formed, but proved to be easily oxidized to disulfides 11. Acetylation of 6 occurs chemoselectively on the exocyclic nitrogen and finally also on the thione sulfur to give 14 via 13. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Microwave assisted one‐pot synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1‐b]thiazol‐6‐ones from α‐aroyl ketene‐N,S‐acetals
Authors: Mathew Paulson , Prasidha M. , Asokan C. V. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
magnified image α‐Aroyl ketene‐N,S‐acetals 3 prepared by the reaction of β‐oxothioamides 1 with phenacyl bromides 2, underwent sequential cyclizations under microwave irradiation to afford pyrrolo[2,1‐b]thiazol‐6‐ones 6 in good yields. A double cyclization takes place regioselectively in one pot and variety of functionalized pyrrolo[2,1‐b]thiazol‐6‐ones were prepared by this protocol. The mode of cyclization under microwave condition is different from conventional heating. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Synthesis of new 2‐aryl‐4‐chloro‐3‐hydroxy‐1H‐indole‐5,7‐dicarbaldehydes via Vilsmeier‐Haack reaction
Authors: Eftekhari‐Sis Bagher , Zirak Maryam , Akbari Ali , Hashemi Mohammed M. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
magnified image New 2‐aryl‐4‐chloro‐3‐hydroxy‐1H‐indole‐5,7‐dicarbaldehydes were synthesized in three steps from acetophenone derivatives. By oxidation of acetophenones to aryl glyoxals using selenium dioxide and condensation with acetylacetone in the presence of ammonium acetate in water 3‐acetyl‐5‐aryl‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1H‐pyrrols were obtained. 2‐Aryl‐4‐chloro‐3‐hydroxy‐1H‐indole‐5,7‐dicarbaldehydes were synthesized via Vilsmeier‐Haack reaction of pyrrole derivatives in moderate yields. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Suprathreshold gustatory stimuli cause biphasic respiratory responses during resting respiration in humans
Authors: Bitter Thomas , Laetzel Maria , Lehnich Holger , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando , Gudziol Hilmar 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Until now there has been no standardized and internationally accepted method available to objectify taste perception. Such a method would be useful for expert opinions in the assessment of gustatory disorders. The aim of our study was to develop and evaluate an analogous method for the gustatory sense.Study Design:Nonrandomized, controlled clinical trial.Methods:A continuous flow of water was presented to the tongues of 34 healthy adult subjects (15 men, 19 women). In this stream, suprathreshold gustatory stimuli were applied during regular resting respiration. Nasal respiration was measured unilaterally with a differential pressure transducer.Results:No significant differences were measured between the different tastants but were between tastants and blanks. Gustatory‐evoked changes in the breathing pattern resulted frequently in a prolongation of the first poststimulatory breath. The second and third breath became frequently shorter.Conclusions:The observed gustatory‐evoked respiratory responses are probably orienting reflex (OR) reactions. The deceleration of the first breath could be related to attention toward any chemosensory input. The acceleration of the second and third breath could reflect the subject's intention to recognize the four taste qualities. The measurement of respiratory OR evoked by gustatory stimuli can be used as a simple, inexpensive, and reliable objectifying clinical tool to prove intact central gustatory processing. Laryngoscope, 2010
Pulp necrosis during septorhinoplasty
Authors: Moradi Saeed , Poursadegh Mehdi , Bakhshaee Mehdi , Bonyadimanesh Reyhaneh , Poursadegh Vahid 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Bony manipulation near the nasal spine or maxillary crest trimming can predispose teeth to injury during septorhinoplasty, especially when there is an aberrant vascular supply or a highly situated root apex in the premaxilla.Study Design:Prospective cross‐sectional study.Methods:A prospective cross‐sectional study was carried out on 438 teeth (maxillary incisors and canines) that were supposedly affected and 73 control teeth (mandibular lateral incisors) in 73 candidates of septorhinoplasty before and after surgery to determine the frequency of pulp necrosis using electrical, heat, and cold pulpal tests. Those with difficult intubation, history of root canals or orthodontic procedures, history of dental trauma, or a positive preoperative test were excluded from the study. Patients were followed up 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively, and test results were compared before and at three intervals after the surgery.Results:Seventy‐three consecutive patients, including 11 males and 62 females, met the study criteria. Septoplasty with anterior maxillary crest trimming and anterior nasal spine manipulation was performed in 63 and 52 cases, respectively. Only 10 cases underwent septoplasty without manipulation of the maxillary crest or the anterior nasal spine. Based on pulp testing, no case of pulp necrosis was seen during the 6‐month follow‐up.Conclusions:Considering there are very few reports of dental problems during septorhinoplasty, it is an unlikely cause of serious dental complications such as pulp necrosis. An abnormal anatomy might be a good explanation for rare cases. Laryngoscope, 2010
Long‐term results of morbidity after parotid gland surgery in benign disease
Authors: Koch Michael , Zenk Johannes , Iro Heinrich 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine the incidence of major and minor complications and their impact on patients' comfort after parotid surgery in benign disease.Study Design:Retrospective.Methods:Four hundred ninety‐two patients were included. Total parotidectomy (TP) was performed in 65.8%, superficial parotidectomy (SP) in 27.2%, and partial superficial parotidectomy (PSP) in 7.0%. Patients were interviewed using a self‐designed questionnaire. Incidence of complications was evaluated depending on the extent of surgery and intensity of complaints. To ascertain the impact of morbidity on their daily lives, patients were asked to estimate it according to a visual analog scale.Results:Frey's syndrome occurred in 63.4%, and temporary facial nerve palsy in 32.7% of all cases. Both rates were significantly reduced after PSP. Permanent facial nerve paresis was observed in 2.3% of the cases, but in no case after PSP. Perception of patients and their scores reflected these results. Scores regarding Frey's syndrome and facial nerve paresis showed a significant positive correlation with extent of surgery. The recurrence rate was 2.2%; no recurrences were noted after PSP. Scores of perceived general condition indicated an excellent state.Conclusions:The incidence of complications was reduced after PSP compared to SP or TP. Patient scores, which represent their perception of these complications, reflected these data and may be an additional instrument to measure outcome. These data suggest that less invasive operative techniques should be considered in case of a benign disease. Laryngoscope, 2010
The history of pediatric airway reconstruction
Authors: Santos Daniel , Mitchell Ron 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To review the history of pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction and to highlight those who made major contributions in the field.Study DesignRetrospective literature review.Methods:A literature search using the PubMed database from 1950 to the present. Earlier references were obtained from the Adams Center, the National Library of Medicine, and Virginia Commonwealth University Library.Results:A total of 20 articles were identified. The articles reported 274 airway reconstructions of which 79% were in children. Pre‐1935 infection was the leading cause of laryngotracheal stenosis. Laryngostomy, pioneered by Chevalier Jackson, was the most common method of reconstruction. Between 1935 and 1970, trauma was the predominant cause of laryngotracheal stenosis. The most common procedure was the anterior/posterior cricoid split or Rethi procedure. It marked the introduction of bony grafts in laryngotracheal surgery as pioneered by Looper. Post‐1970, prolonged intubation in neonates was the most common cause of subglottic stenosis. The field was revolutionized by the work of Evans and Cotton, with widespread use of costal cartilage grafts and laryngotracheoplasty leading to a decannulation rate of over 90%. Advances included decreased morbidity, tolerability, shorter recovery time, and fewer stages of reconstruction.Conclusions:The pioneering work of many leaders in the field of airway reconstruction over the last 100 years has resulted in a number of effective airway reconstructive procedures that have led to the majority of children being successfully decannulated. In the future, more extensive surgeries, such as tracheal transplantation, may address the small number of children who presently cannot be decannulated. Laryngoscope, 2010
The action of micro bio species and some inhibitors on the corrosion of stainless steel
Authors: Lahodny‐Šarc O. , Krstulović Lj. , Kulušić B. , Sambrailo D. , Ivić J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe influence of local factors on the susceptibility to crevice corrosion of stainless steel in seawater has been investigated with specimens of UNS S31600, 316 L in Adriatic Sea, at the location in Dubrovnik, Croatia. Besides the other factors, as salinity, redox potential, oxygen content, temperature, and pH, bio species present in the seawater can particularly influence the oxygen cathodic reduction reaction and stimulate crevice corrosion process. Specimens with crevice formers were exposed in natural and biological inert seawater. Crevice phenomena were detected by potential versus time measurement and by visual and microscopic observation. In another series of experiments the action of ecological corrosion inhibitors, non‐toxic carboxylic salts, zinc gluconate, and sodium benzoate, has shown the suppression of crevice formation in the seawater.
Investigations on the chloride migration in consequence of cathodic polarisation
Authors: Eichler T. , Isecke B. , Wilsch G. , Goldschmidt S. , Bruns M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAt the Institute for Building Materials Research (ibac) in Aachen and the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) in Berlin a joint research project is currently running with the aim to develop a numerical model which describes cathodic protection (CP) of reinforced concrete. Special project focus is the CP of the rear reinforcement layer. The resulting model shall include the impact of chemical alterations at the steel surface and within the adjacent concrete on the polarisation behaviour of reinforcement, which are induced by long‐term application of CP. The investigations presented in this paper aim to clarify open aspects on the migration of chloride ions due to small electric fields as applied in CP of steel in reinforced concrete structures. A comparatively new method, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), was applied in order to determine chloride concentration profiles on laboratory specimens as one of several model parameters for a mathematical description of CP of the rear reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures. The paper concerns migration tests using non‐saturated specimens under laboratory conditions at constant voltage and the application of the experimental parameters on FEM‐calculations. The presented results suggest the conclusion that even comparably small electric fields, as applied in CP of steel in concrete, may lead to significant and sustainable reduction in chloride concentration at the surface of the reinforcement.
Synthesis of a pH‐Sensitive PEO‐Based Block Copolymer and its Application for the Stabilization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Keunsuk , Kim Tae Hwan , Choi Jin Hee , Lee Jae Yeol , Hah Sang Soo , Yoo Hyun‐Oh , Hwang Seung Sang , Ryu Kyeong Nam , Kim Hyeong Joong , Kim Jungahn 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPEO‐based amphiphilic block copolymers that exhibit a pH responsive phase transition behavior are synthesized. The amphiphilic block copolymers show sharp phase transitions in the physiological pH (7.2) range of aqueous media. The block copolymers were efficient stabilizers for the preparation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in aqueous media. The resulting iron oxide nanoparticles in the size range of 5–30 nm showed a relatively good $T_2^* $ image on the basis of the results on their phantom test. All the materials were characterized by the combination of 1H NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, UV/visible spectroscopic analysis, magnetization, transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and X‐ray diffraction pattern analysis.magnified image
Surface‐Induced Polymer Crystallization in High Volume Fraction Aligned Carbon Nanotube–Polymer Composites
Authors: Zhang Shanju , Lin Wei , Yu Xinfei , Wong Ching‐Ping , Cheng Stephen Z. D. , Bucknall David G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSurface‐induced crystallization of high‐density polyethylene in vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). 1‐mm long nanotube arrays are infiltrated by polyethylene solutions and then the system is allowed to crystallize under controlled conditions. Periodic disk‐shaped polyethylene single crystals grow perpendicularly to the aligned nanotubes but do not completely fill the intertube spacing, forming oriented 3D porous structures. This unique morphology leads to low density, high nanotube mass fraction (up to 80 wt.‐%) composites. Microstructure (WAXD) analysis shows that the nanotubes act as both orientation templates as well as nucleating agents for polyethylene crystallization creating orthorhombic and monoclinic forms, although the overall crystal structure is dominated by the orthorhombic form. Thermal analysis (DSC) shows that the nanocomposite exhibits multiple phase transitions during heating and cooling with a weak superheating and supercooling dependence on different scanning rates. Three phase structures have been identified and a possible model is proposed to explain the observed phenomenon.magnified image
Synthesis and Characterization of Red‐Emitting Poly(aryleneethynylene)s Based on 2,5‐Bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,6‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4(2H,5H)‐dione (DPP)
Authors: Palai Akshaya K. , Mishra Sarada P. , Kumar Amit , Srivastava Ritu , Kamalasanan Modeeparampil N. , Patri Manoranjan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSynthesis and characterization of a series of PAEs containing DPP units in the main chain are described. $\overline M _{\rm w} $ of the polymers was in the range 10 800–111 900. The polymers formed a deep blue solution in chloroform with absorption maxima between 589 and 645 nm and optical band gaps ranging from 1.61 to 1.74 eV. When excited at the absorption maxima, the polymer solutions showed red fluorescence with emission maxima between 656 and 676 nm. The polymers exhibited quasi‐reversible oxidation process with HOMO energy levels between −5.60 and −6.17 eV. EL properties of three polymers were investigated with device configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Polymer/LiF/Al. When appropriate bias voltage was applied, a red EL with a maximum brightness of 17.5–24 cd · m−2 could observe from the devices.magnified image
Large Enhancement in Conductivity of Polyaniline Films by Cold Stretching
Authors: Xiao Hong‐Mei , Zhang Wei‐Dong , Lv Chen , Fu Shao‐Yun , Wan Mei‐Xiang , Mai Yiu‐Wing 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe hot‐stretching method has been well accepted for enhancing the electrical conductivity of conducting polymer films. High temperature is the prerequisite to soften the polymer to highly align and elongate the polymeric molecular chains. In this study, the cold‐stretching method is proposed for the first time to enhance the conductivity of conducting polymeric films. Polyaniline (PANI) films are stretched at room temperature to different strain levels. It is observed that the applied strain has significant effects on the morphology, molecular chain structure, crystallinity, and crosslinking of the PANI films. As a result, the conductivity of PANI films is effectively increased by the cold‐stretching process. Particularly, a maximum conductivity with an 18.4‐fold increase in the direction parallel to the stretched direction is obtained when the elastic limit strain is applied. Compared to hot stretching, cold stretching is unique due to the extremely low dimensional change and very high efficiency achieved.magnified image
Fabrication of Amino‐Terminated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes via Layer‐by‐Layer Self‐Assembly Approach
Authors: Zhang Peng , Huang Xiaobin , Fu Jianwei , Huang Yawen , Tang Xiaozhen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMWCNT‐based composites have been successfully synthesized via layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly of crosslinked polyphosphazene nanoparticles on the surface of MWCNTs. The amino‐terminated CNTs were characterized by XPS, FT‐IR spectroscopy, EDS, XRD and TEM. The degree of functionalization could be controlled by simply changing the mass of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether. The activity of the surface amino groups was confirmed by the reaction of these groups with HAuCl4. In addition, the effects of the mass of HCCP and ODA ratios on the content of the surface amino groups was also investigated.magnified image
Creation of Hydrophobic Materials Fabricated from Soy Protein and Natural Rubber: Surface, Interface, and Properties
Authors: Tian Huafeng , Zhang Lina , Wu Qiangxian , Wang Xiaomei , Chen Yun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHydrophobic materials were successfully prepared from SPI and NR by blending via freezing/lyophilizing. The interfacial interaction, surface properties, hydrophobicity, and mechanical properties, biodegradability as well as the biocompatibility were investigated. The blend sheets exhibited good interface adhesion and good optical transparency. Their hydrophobicity was significantly improved compared with pure soy protein sheets. XPS results proved the NR surface enrichment. Flexibility and toughness of the blend sheets were enhanced and phase inversion phenomena were observed. Furthermore, the blend sheets exhibited good biodegradability and biocompatibility capable of supporting cell adhesion and proliferation.magnified image
Probability Distribution Function of the Polymer End‐to‐End Molecule Vector after Retraction and its Application to Step Deformation
Authors: Kharlamov Alexander A. , Rolón‐Garrido Víctor H. , Filip Petr 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe classical Doi‐Edwards model describes the dynamics of polymer strands between entanglements and predicts stress in linear polymers. This contribution considers the dynamics of whole molecules within the same tube picture. The probability distribution function of the end‐to‐end molecule vectors after deformation and retraction was calculated. The second moment of the distribution function coincides with that derived earlier by Doi and Edwards. The damping function shows considerably weaker thinning if the molecule end‐to‐end vector is considered as a Hookean spring. The present model describes one of the possible mechanisms leading to weaker damping exhibiting, e.g., by branched polymers.magnified image
Molecular mechanisms of membrane transport of vitamin E
Authors: Takada Tappei , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractVitamin E is an essential fat‐soluble micronutrient for higher mammals and functions as an antioxidant for lipids and also as a regulator of gene expression and a modulator of cell signaling and proliferation. To exert its physiological functions, vitamin E must achieve an appropriate disposition throughout the body via several processes, such as intestinal absorption, uptake and efflux in peripheral tissues and biliary secretion. In this review, we mainly discuss membrane proteins involved in these transport processes (ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1, scavenger receptor class B type I, Niemann‐Pick C1‐like 1 and multidrug resistance 3) and vitamin E‐mediated regulation of their expression.
Remission re‐induction chemotherapy with clofarabine, topotecan, thiotepa, and vinorelbine for patients with relapsed or refractory leukemia
Authors: Steinherz Peter G. , Shukla Neerav , Kobos Rachel , Steinherz Laurel 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of clofarabine when administered with topotecan, vinorelbine, thiotepa, and dexamethasone (TVTC) for children with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia, and observed the efficacy and toxicities of this therapy.ProcedureTwelve patients with acute lymphoblastic or myeloblastic leukemia were given a 14‐day remission induction therapy. Clofarabine was administered at a dose of 30 or 40 mg/m2/day over 2 hr for five consecutive days in six patients each. Patients who achieved a remission proceeded to a stem cell transplant (HSCT). A second cycle could be administered prior to HSCT.ResultsOf the six patients at the 30 mg/m2 clofarabine dose, two achieved a complete response (CR) and one a PR and proceeded to BMT. Three patients had progressive disease. Five of the six patients at the 40 mg/m2 achieved a CR. Four proceeded to HSCT, and one relapsed prior to HSCT. One patient died on day 45 with marrow hypoplasia without evidence of leukemia. Hematologic and infectious adverse events were universal. The one dose limiting non‐infectious toxicity observed was prolonged marrow hypoplasia.ConclusionTVTC has significant anti‐leukemic activity in both acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemia. The MTD of clofarabine is 40 mg/m2/day in this combination. This is the recommended dose for the phase II study in patients with refractory or relapsed leukemia, a population which has limited therapeutic options. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:687–693. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.