bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oilfield Abandonment and Soil Restoration in The Netherlands, Experiences for the Future
Authors: Kant Aad 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
After more than 50 years of oil production, from 1991 through 2010, the ‘Schoonebeek Oilfield’ has been cleaned up and restored. The ‘scope of work’ consists of the abandonment of all (wellhead) locations, metering stations, installations, cables, pipelines and roads', including all disturbances of the soil quality. Finally, the area has been prepared for cultivation and transferred over to the owners. During the project, approximately 1 million m3 of contaminated soil has been removed and more the 2 million m3 of groundwater has been extracted.
The activities were carried out in such a way that the costs were reduced to a minimum, whereby the project was treated as a continuous improvement process. Besides the application of proven technology, new techniques have been developed. Not all of the newly developed techniques were successful. By way of evaluation at regular intervals, lessons were learned about engineering and data management, planning and necessary permit applications as well as clustered realization of projects. Also, lessons were learned for future operations based on the soil and groundwater contaminations found. For new developments, soil risk analyses were carried out and soil protecting measurements were taken on well locations and treatment plants. By not only taking into account the production of oil and gas but also considering prevention of contamination of the soil and/or the groundwater, the total life cycle costs can be reduced significantly. At the end of production time, the locations can then easily be given back to the owners or nature.
Ergonomics Guidelines for the Design Process
Authors: Duarte F. , Silva G. , Lima F. , Maia N. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper presents some basic ergonomics guidelines for oil platform design. These guidelines aim at considering the work of future users, from the beginning of the project, anticipating working condition problems. In this case study, the ergonomics guidelines are based on a two-year ergonomics research divided into two main stages: [1] visits to the petroleum platforms; and [2] validation of the guidelines by the design engineers.
By analyzing operating platforms we suggest the construction of what we call settings of usage. These are schemes of usage that preserve the essential relations of current situations and are able to advise the designers’ activities. These settings are not general guidelines, nor detailed specifications. They are minimal specifications capable of influencing final solutions. These guidelines aim at helping design engineers from the very beginning of the project.
This paper will present settings of usage and guidelines for pig systems, valves, stairways, turbo-generator and cargo handling systems. The knowledge accumulated by ergonomics about human behavior and its relation with objects is, nowadays, considered insufficient. The human factors manuals are not used or read by the engineers. They do not understand the rules produced nor do they know how to design following the rules if they had read them. Apart from the approach focused on human properties and abstract tasks, the project centered on activity analysis gives privilege to the practical dimension establishing distinguished design criteria according to the agent (usability, manufacturability and maintainability) but also guides the user's needs (in practical and effective usage situations).
The identification of the suggested settings of usage in order to instruct the basic project does not substitute future ergonomists who will work in cooperation with the design engineers. These settings of usage create basic guidelines which will anticipate and avoid problems concerning inadequate efforts and postures, access difficulty and displacements, execution difficulty levels (functionality), accident risks, the need for a higher number of operators involved in the task execution, etc.
Local Content Development – Facing New Challenges with Defining its Boundaries and its Measurement Indicators
Authors: Bordmann Vincent 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
With Host Countries stepping up their demands and expectations in terms of local content, defining its perimeter and boundaries has created some confusion among the industry. It becomes a challenge for IOCs/NOCs to agree on its definition, perimeter, and hence on its indicators to measure it. This proposed paper will present a possible perimeter for local content development initiatives and suggest key performance indicators.
Local content –aimed at enhancing skills, developing suppliers and infrastructures of Host Countries in connection with field development and production projects –now occupies a predominant place in the oil & gas producing countries.
Usually measured as a percentage of investment, of man hours, of weight of equipment manufactured, or of jobs created and industrial bases used, local content concerns industrial capacities as much as human resources. IOC/NOC operators therefore act simultaneously on multiple levers to obtain progress on this front: training the country's technicians and managers, hiring local staff, stimulating the networks of SME and pre-qualifying local companies.
This proposed paper is based on a definition of local content applied by TOTAL for its oil & gas development projects. It is also based on a methodology applied by TOTAL to measure local content for its oil & gas development projects.
The main application of the information provided in the proposed paper is to provide the industry with one way of defining and measuring local content, which is not always formalised. Case studies will not be presented in this paper, only the methodology. Indeed, when it comes to benchmark local content of different oil & gas development project, it is rarely possible to do it, due to different definition / perimeters, and absence of local content indicators.
Report of Experience - Health Promotion Program Implementation Strategies in an Oil Industry
Authors: Trindade Leticia Lima , Reis Ana Dirce , Alves Sandra Lucia 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper reports the results achieved by a Health Promotion Program in Oil Company during the year 2008. The implementation of this program begun in 2003 and involved a multidisciplinary team. Over the years it benefited from strong participation of supervisors of the operational area.

Application
Companies are already aware that promoting health and quality of life for employees is a guaranteed investment in both - in the medium and long term. Small quantitative advances in the area of health promotion can cause a significant impact if we are to consider that the change of lifestyle of an employee affects his colleagues and his family to make healthy choices too. Thus the Health Promotion Program aims to encourage the workforce to adopt healthier habits and life style changes.

Results, Observations, and Conclusions:
The consolidation of many ideas occurs from partnerships and multipliers. This report presents the actions proposed and implemented in the year 2008, by a multidisciplinary team consisting of physical educators, dance teacher and yoga teacher, nutritionists, doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, social workers and psychologists. Collective and individual actions wewr promoted throught the year in order to stimulate all the workforce to adopt healthy dietary habits and behaviors, including: immunization, procedures for sanitary control of food and water treatment for domestic use, labor gymnastics daily practice, approach and treatment of smoking and drinking habits, competitions of desserts, salads, integral biscuit, healthy snacks, light and diet desserts recipes and promotion of leisure and sports activities.

Significance of Subject Matter
The Health Promotion Program helped to build a culture of health promotion by promoting Leisure, Health, Education, Food and Healthy Active Lifestyle. Well informed employees who are aware that their behavior may determine the greater or lesser risk of falling ill are certainly more healthy, productive, and possibly happier.

Summary
Workforce, Health, Health Promotion Program
HSE Management System for Baseline Gathering in a Remote Area of the Peruvian Amazon Rainforest
Authors: Petkoff Irene , Morante Gonzalo , Navarro Nelson , Salazar José 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
ConocoPhillips holds leases over three blocks covering approximately 6,200 million acres in the northeast Peruvian Amazon Basin where it plans to perform exploration activities starting with a large regional (2D) seismic program. Most of this area of interest has little or no history of seismic activities in the past.
The northeast Peruvian Amazon Basin has been identified as a high biodiversity area dominated by primary forest. There have been a few scientific expeditions that have been able to record biological and physical information on a small area of the blocks. Therefore, to adequately evaluate the habitats which the seismic will impact, good coverage and extensive sampling of significant habitats are required.
In addition, the area of geological interest is located in a sector where little population exists and rivers are narrow and seasonally highly variable. This means that access to the area is very limited and should be carefully planned as all logistic support would have to be aerial and fluvial with its limitations regarding loads, weather, and minimization of impacts.
Under this scenario, two large field campaigns were planned incorporating biological, physical, and social scientists together with local community "experts" who would stay in the field for periods of 30 days. These had to be supported by in-field catering, camping and medical support and a medical evaluation procedure.
This paper describes how a suitable health, safety, environmental, community relations and contingency plan was prepared. It identifies key risks and how these were prevented or mitigated, including planning, inspection, training, and supervision. Finally, the paper presents the key metrics associated with the operation.
Managing Biosecurity for a Major Natural Gas Development in a Sensitive Protected Area
Authors: van der Merwe Johann 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Biosecurity is one of the emerging priorities of the 21st century. Biosecurity threatens biodiversity, economic output and our lifestyles as invasive species establish and proliferate at a pace not witnessed before. As globalization progresses, trade and travel increase and the risk of invasive species being introduced to new environments and habitats increases. Coupled with potential ecosystem changes (perhaps the consequence of climate change) biosecurity has become one of the focus areas of this generation. Within that focus area, arresting the loss of biodiversity as the consequence of non-indigenous species introduction has emerged as a world wide priority.
As exploration and resource extraction advances into remote and often sensitive areas of the world, resource companies must expect to be challenged by stakeholder groups who have a very different agenda to that of proponents of such exploration or extraction projects. In this process the barriers to entry will consistently be raised, new environmental management benchmarks will continue to be set and impact mitigation will continue to include areas previously not considered as part of project cost.
Biosecurity is rapidly becoming a new project discipline as the community struggles to internalize the inter- generational impact that biosecurity incidents present on communities. Historically, governments were held responsible for funding biosecurity legacy issues. This tax payer funded ‘clean-up’ is fast coming to an end with a purposeful drive that ‘risk makers’ must be responsible for the biosecurity risks that accompany their activities. This was witnessed by the position West Australians, the West Australian Government and other subject matter experts took when it was proposed that a gas processing facility be located on an offshore protected area with irreplaceable conservation values. This paper addresses the process that was followed and the management system that was developed to protect the conservation values of this protected area.
Determining the Ecological Value of Fish Resources at Platform Decommissioning Sites using ROV and Trapping Techniques in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, USA
Authors: Krause P. R. , Hill R. W. , Gala W. R. , Larew S. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
As part of decommissioning four platforms off the coast of California (USA), the underlying drill cutting mounds were left behind. These mounds are covered with several meters of "shell hash" from bivalve shells dislodged from the platform jacket and natural sedimentation that has accumulated in the 30+ years following cessation of drilling activities. Previous studies have indicated that the "shell mounds" provide a complex hard bottom habitat and support a variety of fish and invertebrate species typical of a natural hard bottom community. This paper describes field studies to further characterize the ecological utilization by fish and invertebrates of the shell mounds and the surrounding soft bottom areas of Santa Barbara Channel. Initially, ROV surveys were performed to provide video transects of fish use. However, poor visibility limited the usefulness of the ROV approach. A multi-season fish trapping study using standard commercial fish traps is currently being conducted and the results of the first two deployments are presented and discussed. The assemblage of fish and invertebrates observed in the fish traps from the mounds include several species of rockfishes (genus Sebastes), ling cod, rock crabs, whelks and bat stars that are typical of natural hard bottom communities in the Santa Barbara Channel. Results to date indicate that the shell mounds have more fish and invertebrates and a more diverse benthic community than the soft-bottom reference areas. This preliminary investigation supports previous studies that indicated that fish habitat value of the shell mounds is greater than that of the surrounding soft bottom habitat and supports leaving the mounds in place.
The Incorporation of Ergonomics in HSE Management: Contributions and Challenges
Authors: Penteado E. V. , Mendes L. D. , Bobsin M. A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Ergonomics is an important field of study and intervention to obtain continuous improvement of production systems, especially in matters of health and safety. This article analyses the introduction of an Ergonomics Program within the HSE Management in a research and development unit of an energy company. The program was structured based on three main focuses: to adequate work conditions, to introduce ergonomics in design conception of work spaces and to promote educational actions.
Due to the diversity of existing processes in the unit, including demands in laboratories, offices and operational areas, this work contributes to expand the knowledge of problems relative to these fields and the possible solutions available. Therefore, the results and information this paper portrays have application in areas such as: occupational health and safety, improving work conditions; development of ergonomics programs in similar installations and work space design.
The interventions resulted in the mitigation of biomechanical requirements (physical effort, repetitive movements, flow conflicts, among others), in the reduction of time pressure and in the increase of comfort. These results were achieved through changes in organizational aspects and in the configuration of work spaces. In the matter of educational actions, the strategies adopted for dissemination of information and the diffusion of the program are described, aiming mostly to affect the work force in order to incorporate the principles of ergonomics in their daily work. The collaborative aspect of this process, with strong interaction with the employees, was critical to the results achieved. Some approaches lead to the design of new equipment, lay-outs and spaces; witch indicates that is important to promote the interaction between the ergonomic program and the designing areas, as well as to include ergonomics as a complementary subject in project planning. These different experiences emphasize the contribution of an ergonomic approach to the sustainability of a business, through optimizing resources, enhancement of performance of productive systems, preserving and promoting health and wellbeing, the reduction of accident risks, therefore increasing the process reliability.
Conducting Effective Health Impact Assessments in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Satin Kenneth , Stock Allison 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Health impact assessments (HIAs) have been used for a number of years in the public sector to assess the potential for impacts associated with urban redevelopment projects. HIAs can also serve as a valuable tool in the evaluation of capital projects in the oil and gas sector. Conducting HIAs for industry capital projects, however, is not common and few people or organizations have experience performing HIAs in this context. While some guidance about HIAs is available, the focus is more on what HIAs are all about rather than how to perform one. These circumstances led us to develop HIA practices that are compatible with the generally accepted practices reported by others, but are nonetheless customized to meet our business requirements and expectations regarding HIAs. This paper discusses the elements of our HIA practices that we believe are key to producing effective HIAs. These include involving the "right people" at the right time, and HIA training to create a pool of health experts to support the process.
How to Select Appropriate Quantitative Safety Risk Criteria-Applications from the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) Guidelines on Quantitative Safety Risk Criteria
Authors: Jones Dave , Berger Scott 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
As oil and gas producing and LNG facilities become increasingly complex, the potential for and consequences of a major incident is likely to increase as well. High consequence, low frequency events can best be understood, and therefore managed, through the use of quantitative risk assessment tools. While many risk-based decisions can be made without referring to risk criteria, in those cases where absolute judgments about the tolerability of risk must be made, quantitative risk criteria are essential to the decision-making process. However, establishing a technically sound basis for selecting risk criteria has proven problematic. Worldwide regulatory criteria vary significantly forcing companies to make difficult judgments as to what is an appropriate and defensible risk criteria.
The American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Center for Chemical Process Safety has recently published a comprehensive, precedent-setting book titled, "Guidelines for Developing Quantitative Safety Risk Criteria."1 This paper will provide an overview of the new CCPS guidelines and show how many of the obstacles to establishing risk criteria can be addressed.
Chemical Exposure Scenarios for the Use and Handling of Drilling Fluids in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Walker Kirsty , Smulders Chantal , Schei Trond M. , Nistov Aud , James Reagan 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Approximately 90% of the chemicals supplied to the well site are used during drilling operations, in particular in the formulation of drilling fluids. Current oil and gas industry initiatives aim to ensure that the occupational health hazards of the chemicals used are minimised. In addition, through the implementation of legislative directives such as REACH, there is also an increasing emphasis on reducing personal exposure to chemical substances.
This paper will investigate and show varying chemical exposure scenarios associated with the chemicals used in drilling fluids at the well site. The technical requirements of the chemicals and their physical and chemical properties will be reviewed with respect to their function within drilling operations. The opportunities for personal exposure and the occupational health hazards associated with the use of drilling fluids will be identified. In addition, the factors that influence the extent of exposure and the monitoring measures required to quantify exposure will be presented.
Following the hierarchy of control, examples of remedial control measures will be provided and recommendations for the correct application of operating procedures will be given that aim to provide an improved work environment.
The information presented has resulted from collaborative work to produce industry-wide guidelines by members of the International Oil and Gas Producers Association (OGP) and International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA) Health Committee Task Force on Drilling Fluids Health Effects. This paper also draws upon the earlier SPE 108514 paper "Occupational Exposure Hazards Related to the Use of Drilling Fluids Presented with Remedial Risk Management Guidelines" that introduced the Guidelines to the industry.
Transitioning Safely From Greenfield to Operations: Case Study of a Major Capital Project
Authors: McCulloch B. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The Frade Field is this company's first operated oil field development major capital project in Brazil. This paper provides an overview of how the company successfully transitioned from a Greenfield organization to a functioning offshore production operation while maintaining the company's commitment to world-class safety performance.
As the Frade Project entered the construction, installation, and commissioning phase in 2006, the company faced multiple challenges. The existing in-country organization had to grow exponentially to effectively manage the project. Contractors for all aspects of the project (including land and air transportation, shore base, supply/subsea equipment installation vessels, drilling rigs and supporting drilling services, and a new Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessel) had to be selected and brought into alignment with the company's HES management system. Most significantly, the company's expectations for instituting an incident-free workforce culture had to be met. This was a focus area since many of the available contractors in Brazil were struggling with their safety performance and did not have robust HES management systems in place.
To meet the safety challenge, the company employed a suite of strategies, including:
Contracting consultants to assist in deployment of safety culture processes within the contractor organizations Embedding HES professionals at the contractor worksites (e.g., shore base, drilling rigs, supply vessels, FPSO) Bringing in expatriate company HES advisors to provide support and mentoring to the national HES personnel (company and contractor) Partnering with contractors to develop HES mitigation plans and bridging documents, share roles such as training, and assist with closure of identified gaps Providing strong leadership visibility and support through management field visits and contractor forums Openly sharing successful practices
These strategies have been a main contributor to the strong safety performance of the Frade Project. Compared to Oil and Gas Producers Association data for offshore operations, the Project's current LTI and TRIR rates are commendable. In fact, the Project completed a period of two million consecutive man hours without a recordable injury – with a majority of contractor work being high risk activities such as offshore drilling and supply/installation vessels. Contractor feedback points to the proactive interaction between the Frade Project and contractor organizations from the early contracting phase as being the driving force behind the success of this major capital project.