bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular risk factors in hypopituitary GH-deficient adults
Authors: Verhelst Johan , Abs Roger 
Published: August 2009

DesignData on lipids, body composition, and blood pressure (BP) from all published KIMS papers are summarized and compared with a literature review.ResultsKIMS data confirm and extend previous research showing that adults with GH deficiency (GHD) have an adverse cardiovascular risk profile. GHD patients have high levels of dyslipidemia, elevated body mass index, unfavorable waist-to-hip ratio and body composition, and a high risk of hypertension. These abnormalities are likely to explain the increased cardiovascular mortality observed in patients with hypopituitarism. When given GH replacement therapy, an improvement is seen in KIMS as well as earlier studies for lipid profile, body composition, and BP. The added value of the different KIMS papers over previous research is that KIMS involves a much larger number of patients, that lipid concentrations and IGF1 are measured in a single central laboratory, and that the effects of GH replacement therapy can be followed longer than the duration of earlier trials. By the large number of patients, KIMS gives insight into the effects of GH in different patients' subgroups such as elderly patients, patients with idiopathic GHD, patients with craniopharyngioma, patients after irradiation, and so on. In addition, KIMS has made it possible to calculate more exactly the influence of baseline parameters on these cardiovascular risk parameters and their response to GH.ConclusionsTaken together, data from KIMS confirm earlier knowledge about the important benefits of GH replacement therapy, but also on the use of GH in specific subgroups such as isolated GHD, patients above 65 years, and patients after irradiation. No subgroup yet has been identified as not responding well to GH.
From isolated GH deficiency to multiple pituitary hormone deficiency: an evolving continuum – a KIMS analysis
Authors: Klose M , Jonsson B , Abs R , Popovic V , Koltowska-Häggström M , Saller B , Feldt-Rasmussen U , Kourides I 
Published: August 2009

ObjectiveTo describe baseline clinical presentation, treatment effects and evolution of isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) to multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD) in adult-onset (AO) GHD.DesignObservational prospective study.MethodsBaseline characteristics were recorded in 4110 patients with organic AO-GHD, who were GH naïve prior to entry into the Pfizer International Metabolic Database (KIMS; 283 (7%) IGHD, 3827 MPHD). The effect of GH replacement after 2 years was assessed in those with available follow-up data (133 IGHD, 2207 MPHD), and development of new deficiencies in those with available data on concomitant medication (165 IGHD, 3006 MPHD).ResultsIGHD and MPHD patients had similar baseline clinical presentation, and both groups responded similarly to 2 years of GH therapy, with favourable changes in lipid profile and improved quality of life. New deficiencies were observed in 35% of IGHD patients, which was similar to MPHD patients with one additional deficit other than GH. New deficiencies most often presented within the first year but were observed up to 6 years after GH commencement. Conversion of IGHD into MPHD was not predicted by aetiology, baseline characteristics, surgery or radiotherapy, whereas in MPHD additional deficits were predicted by age (P<0.001) and pituitary disease duration (P<0.01).ConclusionBoth AO-IGHD and -MPHD patients have similar baseline clinical presentation and respond equally well to 2 years of GH replacement. Hypopituitarism in adults seems to be a dynamic condition where new deficiencies can appear years after the initial diagnosis, and careful endocrine follow-up of all hypopituitary patients, including those with IGHD, is warranted.
Aggressive pituitary adenomas occurring in young patients in a large Polynesian kindred with a germline R271W mutation in the AIP gene
Authors: Jennings Juliet E , Georgitsi Marianthi , Holdaway Ian , Daly Adrian F , Tichomirowa Maria , Beckers Albert , Aaltonen Lauri A , Karhu Auli , Cameron Fergus J 
Published: August 2009

ObjectiveMutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) were recently shown to confer a pituitary adenoma predisposition in patients with familial isolated pituitary adenomas (FIPA). We report a large Samoan FIPA kindred from Australia/New Zealand with an R271W mutation that was associated with aggressive pituitary tumors.Design and methodsCase series with germline screening of AIP and haplotype analyses among R271W families.ResultsThis previously unreported kindred consisted of three affected individuals that either presented with or had first symptoms of a pituitary macroadenoma in late childhood or adolescence. The index case, a 15-year-old male with incipient gigantism and his maternal aunt, had somatotropinomas, and the maternal uncle of the index case had a prolactinoma. All tumors were large (15, 40, and 60 mm maximum diameter) and two required transcranial surgery and radiotherapy. All three affected subjects and ten other unaffected relatives were found to be positive for a germline R271W AIP mutation. Comparison of the single nucleotide polymorphism patterns among this family and two previously reported European FIPA families with the same R271W mutation demonstrated no common ancestry.ConclusionsThis kindred exemplifies the aggressive features of pituitary adenomas associated with AIP mutations, while genetic analyses among three R271W FIPA families indicate that R271W represents a mutational hotspot that should be studied further in functional studies.
Towards Control of Dendrimer Properties by Reversible Exchange of Termini: Synthesis and Characterization of Diverse Porphyrin Dendrimers
Authors: Shema‐Mizrachi Meital , Aharoni Anna , Iliashevsky Olga , Lemcoff N. Gabriel 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPorphyrin dendrimers with boronic ester, aldehyde, and pyridil termini were synthesized and fully characterized. These dendrimers have the potential to change their physical and chemical properties by reversible alteration of the reactive terminal groups.
Encapsulation of Polyoxotungstate into Dendrimers by Ionic Bonding and Their Use As Oxidation Catalyst
Authors: Jahier Claire , Plault Lauriane , Nlate Sylvain 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA family of 36‐armed dendrimers containing six internal amino groups was synthesized and used to incorporate polyoxometalates (POMs) into their structures by ionic bonding. Allyl‐terminated dendrimer 17 (with oxidizable end groups) and methylphenyl‐terminated dendrimer 18 (with non‐oxidizable end groups) were used for these studies. It was found that the electrostatic incorporation of the tri‐anionic POM [PO4{WO(O2)2}4]3− into the methylphenyl‐terminated dendrimer 18, in an acidic medium, leads to the dendritic POM hybrid 19, bearing two POM units in its structure. In contrast, attempts to encapsulate POMs into allyl‐terminated dendrimer 17 gave unsatisfactory results. Indeed, the epoxidation kinetics of the 36‐olefinic terminated dendrimer 17 was too slow, and the expected 36‐epoxy‐dendritic POM framework 20 was not obtained. Lengthening the reaction up to six hours led to the decomposition of POM species. The solubility in organic solvents of the dendritic POM hybrid 19, combined with its NMR and infrared data, indicate that POM units are clearly connected to the dendritic structure. The catalytic performance of this hybrid material in the oxidation of cyclooctene shows that the properties of POM are retained. The POM‐encapsulated dendrimer 19 was found to be an effective catalyst in the oxidation of cyclooctene.
Divergent Dendronization of Deep‐Cavity Cavitands to Tune Host Solubility
Authors: Giles Marco D. , Liu Simin , Emanuel Roy , Gibb Bruce , Grayson Scott 
Published: August 2009

AbstractResorcinarene‐based deep‐cavity cavitands (DCCs) are useful components in supramolecular chemistry because their extended cavity enables the encapsulation of relatively large guests. To provide H2O solubility, they have been modified with hydroxyl functionalized dendrons. This has been carried out by the divergent dendronization of aliphatic poly(ester) dendrons through the third dendritic generation. The resultant macromolecule demonstrated the desired H2O solubility.
Supramolecular Assemblies from Amphiphilic Dendrons for Sensing Metalloproteins through Pattern Generation
Authors: Savariar Elamprakash N. , Koppelman Jonathan , Thayumanavan Sankaran 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBiaryl dendritic micelles have been used for generating fluorescence response patterns that are used for sensing metalloproteins. By varying the generation of the dendrimer and the encapsulated dye molecules, the differential receptors for four different metalloproteins have been created. The pattern obtained from these dendritic micelles indeed confirms that the combination of dendrimer generation and electronic energy levels of the fluorescent transducers can be used for generating analyte‐specific patterns.
Thermally Reversible Self‐Assembly of Double‐Hydrophilic Diblock Copolymers from Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and Dendronized Polymethacrylates
Authors: Cheng Caixia , Schlüter A. Dieter , Zhang Afang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe self‐assembly behavior of double‐hydrophilic block copolymers, in which one block is a dendronized PMMA and the other consists of PNiPAM, is described. For certain samples of the first‐generation series, fully reversible formation of rather uniform spherical objects in the range of approximately 90 nm is observed by TEM, suggesting a vesicular assembly.
A Route to Water‐Soluble Molecularly Templated Nanoparticles Using Click Chemistry and Alkyne‐Functionalized Hyperbranched Polyglycerol
Authors: Zill Andrew T. , Zimmerman Steven C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCored polymeric nanoparticles were prepared using an adenosine template and allylated hyperbranched polyglycerols (HPGs). The HPGs contained a single alkyne that was capable of 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with a decaazido adenosine template to facilitate the rapid synthesis of HPGs containing a large number of allyl end‐groups. Ring closing metathesis (RCM) mediated cross‐linking at high dilution using a Hoveyda‐Grubbs catalyst produced single polymer nanoparticles containing a single template. These particles were rendered water‐soluble through treatment with osmium tetroxide and NMO co‐oxidant. After hydrolytic removal of the template, the nanoparticles were tested for their ability to bind a variety of nucleosides and nucleobases and showed a preference for purine bases over pyrimidine bases. This is the first reported use of hyperbranched polymers for the synthesis of monomolecularly imprinted polymers (mMIPs) as well as the first time monomolecular imprinting has been applied to a homogeneous aqueous system.
Phosphorus Functionalized Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers: Is There a Need for Perfect Dendrimers in Catalysis?
Authors: Ribaudo Fabrizio , Van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper we describe the facile and straightforward covalent functionalization of commercially available dendritic poly(propylenimine) and hyper‐branched poly(ethylenimine) with P‐containing functional groups. The P‐functionalized macromolecules have been applied as multivalent ligands in the Pd‐catalyzed allylic substitution reactions (batch and continuous process) using either morpholine or thiophenol as nucleophile. Palladium complexes of all described molecules are active in allylic substitution reactions. The PEI functionalized polymers appear more sensitive to small changes in the P/Pd ratio than the PPI analogues, but form catalysts that are more active. When used in a continuous flow process the macromolecules are completely retained by the nanofiltration membrane, while the catalytic activity decreases with time because of palladium depletion. This is more severe for the allylic thiolation, probably because of the stronger affinity of sulfur for palladium, facilitating palladium leaching.
HER2 Testing and Subsequent Trastuzumab Treatment for Breast Cancer in a Managed Care Environment
Authors: Barron John J. , Cziraky Mark J. , Weisman Thomas , Hicks David G. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract

Background.
Degree of physician adherence to 2001 guidelines recommending routine testing of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status among newly diagnosed, recurrent, and metastatic breast cancer (BC) cases, and frequency of trastuzumab use in HER2-positive patients are not well documented.

Methods.
Patients newly diagnosed with BC managed by an identifiable hematologist/oncologist between June 1, 2005 and June 30, 2006 were identified from an administrative claims database of three health plans (n = 3,521). From these, a subset of 380 patients was identified for medical chart review. HER2 testing (occurrence, type of test used), HER2 status (positive, negative, unknown), and trastuzumab usage were evaluated.

Results.
HER2 testing occurred in 88% of all newly diagnosed patients with BC and in 98.1% of those with stage 1 or higher breast cancer (n = 322), for whom testing is recommended. Among those with HER2 testing performed (n = 335), 21.5% were positive (HER2+), 77.3% were negative (HER2−), and 1.2% were unknown. Of the 52 patients who used trastuzumab, only one patient did not have documented HER2 overexpression. Of the 45 HER2+ women who had stage 2 or higher BC, 13% did not receive trastuzumab.

Conclusions.
HER2 testing status was extremely high among newly diagnosed BC patients treated by hematologists/oncologists in a managed care environment. There was almost no evidence of inappropriate prescribing of trastuzumab, but 1 of every 7.5 patients with HER2-overexpressing stage 2 or higher breast cancer did not receive the agent.
Clinical Experience with Aurora Kinase Inhibitors: A Review
Authors: Boss David S. , Beijnen Jos H. , Schellens Jan H.M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe aurora kinase family of serine/threonine kinases comprises three members, designated auroras A, B, and C. Auroras A and B are essential components of the mitotic pathway, ensuring proper chromosome assembly, formation of the mitotic spindle, and cytokinesis. The role of aurora C is less clear. Overexpression of aurora A and B has been observed in several tumor types, and has been linked with a poor prognosis of cancer patients. Several small molecules targeting aurora kinases A and B or both have been evaluated preclinically and in early phase I trials. In this review we aim to summarize the most recent advances in the development of aurora kinase inhibitors, with a focus on the clinical data.
Trabectedin
Authors: Chuk Meredith K. , Balis Frank M. , Fox Elizabeth 
Published: August 2009

Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Enumerate the clinical indications for trabectedin therapy.Describe the mechanism of action and the pharmacokinetics of trabectedin.Analyze the toxicity profile and appraise the therapeutic effects associated with trabectedin.This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com.
Comparison of multidimensional fuzzy set ordination with CCA and DB‐RDA
Authors: Roberts David W. 
Published: August 2009

Multidimensional fuzzy set ordination (MFSO) is an ordination algorithm based on the principles of fuzzy set theory that employs a dissimilarity matrix and environmental or experimental variables directly in the calculation of ordination coordinates. The objective is similar to constrained ordinations such as canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and distance‐based redundancy analysis (DB‐RDA), although MFSO employs a different conceptual and algorithmic basis. Results from MFSO, CCA, and DB‐RDA are compared on four data sets to determine the relative ability of the methods to identify and quantify environmental variable effect sizes on community variability. Models were fit by best all‐subsets solutions and tested for significance by permutation tests. Methods were compared on the basis of variables selected and dimensionality of results and were evaluated on the basis of the correlation of the pair‐wise distances of the derived ordination solutions to a Bray‐Curtis dissimilarity matrix of the taxon data, and by cross‐comparisons of the inertia explained by the fitted or derived values substituted into DB‐RDA and CCA analyses.MFSO and DB‐RDA achieved the highest correlation with the Bray‐Curtis dissimilarity matrix on one data set each, and they tied for highest correlation on the two other data sets (differences <1%). CCA tied for best on one data set, tied for second on another, and achieved the lowest correlation on two data sets. When substituting MFSO‐ and DB‐RDA‐derived values into CCA, MFSO results achieved higher inertia explained on two of the four data sets; MFSO and DB‐RDA achieved equivalent results on the other two. Substituting MFSO‐ or CCA‐derived or fitted values into DB‐RDA, MFSO results achieved higher inertia explained on all four data sets. While goodness‐of‐fit statistics were often similar across methods, the methods sometimes chose solutions of different dimensionality or employed different variables. In general, all algorithms performed well, finding relatively low‐dimensional solutions that achieved high correlation with the Bray‐Curtis dissimilarity matrix and explained significant amounts of inertia in the eigenanalyses. Considering both the correlation and substitution tests, MFSO achieved the best results of the three methods. DB‐RDA results were nearly as good as MFSO, however, and clearly superior to CCA.
Methods for assessing movement path recursion with application to African buffalo in South Africa
Authors: Bar-David Shirli , Bar-David Israel , Cross Paul C. , Ryan Sadie J. , Knechtel Christiane U. , Getz Wayne M. 
Published: August 2009

Recent developments of automated methods for monitoring animal movement, e.g., global positioning systems (GPS) technology, yield high‐resolution spatiotemporal data. To gain insights into the processes creating movement patterns, we present two new techniques for extracting information from these data on repeated visits to a particular site or patch (“recursions”). Identification of such patches and quantification of recursion pathways, when combined with patch‐related ecological data, should contribute to our understanding of the habitat requirements of large herbivores, of factors governing their space‐use patterns, and their interactions with the ecosystem.We begin by presenting output from a simple spatial model that simulates movements of large‐herbivore groups based on minimal parameters: resource availability and rates of resource recovery after a local depletion. We then present the details of our new techniques of analyses (recursion analysis and circle analysis) and apply them to data generated by our model, as well as two sets of empirical data on movements of African buffalo (Syncerus caffer): the first collected in Klaserie Private Nature Reserve and the second in Kruger National Park, South Africa.Our recursion analyses of model outputs provide us with a basis for inferring aspects of the processes governing the production of buffalo recursion patterns, particularly the potential influence of resource recovery rate. Although the focus of our simulations was a comparison of movement patterns produced by different resource recovery rates, we conclude our paper with a comprehensive discussion of how recursion analyses can be used when appropriate ecological data are available to elucidate various factors influencing movement. Inter alia, these include the various limiting and preferred resources, parasites, and topographical and landscape factors.
Long-term prospective evaluation of topically applied 0.1% tacrolimus ointment for treatment of perianal sinuses in dogs
Authors: Stanley Bryden J. , Hauptman Joe G. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effectiveness of a combination of topically applied tacrolimus, orally administered prednisone, and a novel-protein diet for treatment of perianal sinuses in dogs and to monitor clinical progress and owner management of the condition for 2 years.
Design—Noncontrolled clinical trial.
Animals—19 dogs with perianal sinuses.
Procedures—Perianal sinuses were diagnosed during physical examination, and dogs were placed on a 16-week treatment protocol consisting of topically applied 0.1% tacrolimus ointment, orally administered prednisone (tapering dose), and a novel-protein diet. Metronidazole was orally administered for the first 2 weeks. Anal sacculectomy was recommended whenever anal sacs were involved. Dogs were evaluated every month for the first 4 months and then every 6 to 12 weeks for 2 years.
Results—Perianal sinuses resolved completely in 15 of 19 dogs during the 16 weeks. In the remaining 4 dogs, the lesions markedly improved but failed to completely resolve. Three of these had anal sac involvement, and the owner of 1 dog had complied poorly with treatment instructions. During the 2 years following treatment, all dogs were maintained on intermittently applied tacrolimus ointment, 4 dogs also received prednisone every other day, and 11 dogs remained on the novel-protein diet. At the conclusion of the study, 13 of the 15 dogs that survived to that point were free of perianal disease.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The described protocol was effective and economical for resolving perianal sinuses. Dogs maintained on intermittent medications were unlikely to redevelop lesions. When the anal sacs were involved, anal sacculectomy appeared to improve the outcome.
Evaluation of plasma fibrinogen concentration as an indicator of physeal or epiphyseal osteomyelitis in foals: 17 cases (2002–2007)
Authors: Newquist Jennifer M. , Baxter Gary M. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether high plasma fibrinogen concentration (≥ 900 mg/dL) is a valid indicator of physeal or epiphyseal osteomyelitis in foals.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—17 foals with physeal or epiphyseal osteomyelitis with or without septic arthritis, 17 foals with septic arthritis alone, 20 foals with non–Rhodococcus equi pneumonia, and 22 healthy foals.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed for information regarding signalment and total WBC count, segmented neutrophil count, and plasma fibrinogen concentration measured when foals were initially evaluated at the hospital. Whether the foals survived to discharge from the hospital was also determined.
Results—Foals with physeal or epiphyseal osteomyelitis had higher plasma fibrinogen concentrations than did foals in the other 3 groups. Sixteen of 17 affected foals had values ≥ 900 mg/dL. The positive predictive and negative predictive values for plasma fibrinogen concentrations between 900 and 1,500 mg/dL as an indicator of osteomyelitis were 84.2% and 98.2%, respectively. Fibrinogen concentrations of 200 to 400 mg/dL and 500 to 800 mg/dL were associated with foals not having physeal osteomyelitis. Having septic arthritis alone or non–R equi pneumonia was significantly associated with a plasma fibrinogen concentration between 500 and 800 mg/dL; however, the positive predictive value of this range as an indicator of those diseases was low. Foals with osteomyelitis had greater total WBC and segmented neutrophil counts than did foals with septic arthritis alone.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A plasma fibrinogen concentration of ≥ 900 mg/dL may be useful as an indicator of physeal or epiphyseal osteomyelitis in foals.