bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiber Bragg grating guided laser interferometer-based highly sensitive vacuum pressure sensor
Authors: Ullah Rahim , Mehmood Khan Raja Yasir , Ahmad Kamran , Faisal Muhammad 
Published: June 2024

Vacuum sensing and metrology pave the way for promising solutions to fulfill the scientific and technological demands of various contemporary industries and research fields. This study introduces an innovative vacuum pressure sensor, employing a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) guided Michelson interferometer. The sensor works on the principle of interferometric measurement of precisely gauging the displacement of an elastic diaphragm with pressure variation connected to a vacuum chamber in terms of interference fringe counts due to arm-length variation of the interferometer. The elastic silicone diaphragm and stainless steel cantilever, being critical components of the sensor, were examined using finite element analysis and subsequently demonstrated experimentally. The diaphragm’s position is continuously monitored in real time through the Bragg’s wavelength of the FBG, continuously updating the interferometer after each 15 ms for the accurate measurement of fluctuating vacuum pressures. The strain-induced shift in the FBG’s Bragg wavelength follows a linear trend with pressure variation, exhibiting a sensitivity of 12.7 pm/mbar. With a dynamic range spanning 0.05–100 mbar, the sensor demonstrates a sensitivity of 16.073 fringe counts/mbar and a notable resolution of 0.3364 mbar. Moreover, the sensor exhibits good repeatability, with a hysteresis of up to 2.59% during full span cyclic operation. The coupling of the interferometer with FBG makes it a unique secondary standard solution for precision vacuum measurement.
Advanced optical transceiver and switching solutions for next-generation optical networks
Authors: Nadal L. , Martínez R. , Ali M. , Vílchez F. J. , Fàbrega J. M. , Svaluto Moreolo M. , Casellas R. 
Published: June 2024

Innovative transceiver and switching approaches should be explored with special focus on flexibility, energy efficiency, sustainability, and interoperability to be adopted on next-generation 6G optical networks driven by the diverse landscape of emerging applications and services and increasing traffic demand. In this regard, multiband (MB) and spatial division multiplexing (SDM) technologies arise as promising technologies for providing suitable network capacity scaling while fulfilling the stringent requirements of the incoming 6G era. In this paper, innovative MB over SDM (MBoSDM) switching node and sliceable bandwidth/bit rate variable transceiver (S-BVT) architectures with enhanced capabilities and features are proposed and experimentally validated. Different network scenarios have been identified and assessed, enabling up to 180.9 Gb/s S+C+L transmission in back-to-back (B2B) configuration. A MBoSDM scenario including both transceiver and switching solutions is demonstrated, including a 19-core multi-core fiber (MCF) of 25.4 km. Thanks to the transceiver modular and scalable approach, higher capacities can be envisioned by enabling multiple slices working in the different bands beyond the C-band. A power efficiency analysis of the proposed transceiver is also presented, including a pathway towards the integration with a software defined networking (SDN) control plane assisted by energy-aware artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) trained models.
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or Molnupiravir for treatment of non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at risk of disease progression
Authors: Butt Adeel Ajwad , Yan Peng , Shaikh Obaid S. 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundIn randomized controlled trials, Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r) and Molnupiravir (MPV) reduced the risk of severe/fatal COVID-19 disease. Real-world data are limited, particularly studies directly comparing the two agents.MethodsUsing the VA National COVID-19 database, we identified previously uninfected, non-hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with ≥1 risk factor for disease progression who were prescribed either NMV/r or MPV within 3 days of a positive test. We used inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) to account for providers’ preferences for a specific treatment. Absolute risk difference (ARD) with 95% confidence intervals were determined for those treated with NMV/r vs. MPV. The primary outcome was hospitalization or death within 30 days of treatment prescription using the IPTW approach. Analyses were repeated using propensity-score matched groups.ResultsBetween January 1 and November 30, 2022, 9,180 individuals were eligible for inclusion (6,592 prescribed NMV/r; 2,454 prescribed MPV). The ARD for hospitalization/death for NMV/r vs MPV was -0.25 (95% CI -0.79 to 0.28). There was no statistically significant difference in ARD among strata by age, race, comorbidities, or symptoms at baseline. Kaplan-Meier curves did not demonstrate a difference between the two groups (p-value = 0.6). Analysis of the propensity-score matched cohort yielded similar results (ARD for NMV/r vs. MPV -0.9, 95% CI -2.02 to 0.23). Additional analyses showed no difference for development of severe/critical/fatal disease by treatment group.ConclusionWe found no significant difference in short term risk of hospitalization or death among at-risk individuals with COVID-19 treated with either NMV/r or MPV.
The association between nap time, nighttime sleep and depression in Chinese older adults: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Song Yanliqing , Liu Haoqiang , Liu Yue 
Published: June 2024

Objective
To explore the relationship among nap time, night sleep time, and depression among the elderly and to determine the recommended sleep time to provide a scientific and reasonable basis for the prevention and control of depression in residents.

Methods
Based on the 2020 China Health and Elderly Care Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) database, the demographic data and the health and lifestyle information of the study subjects were obtained. A total of 2,959 valid samples were included, and the relationship between sleep and depression was explored by logistic regression, restricted cubic spline, and isotemporal substitution model.

Results
In the cross-sectional analysis, no statistical relationship was observed between napping time and depression in the elderly. The optimal sleep interval for the elderly at night is 6–7.5 hours, and the health benefits are the largest. A sleep duration of < 6 hours at night (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.90 to 2.65) was associated with a high likelihood of depression. The probability of depression in the elderly continues to decrease with the increase of time after the nighttime sleep duration reaches 6 hours and is at the lowest level of about 7.5 hours. Moreover, the probability of depression will increase after the sleep duration exceeds 9.5 hours. In the range of 6–7.5 hours of recommended sleep duration, the likelihood of depression in the elderly will be reduced by 0.311 for every 30-minute increase in nighttime sleep time instead of noon sleep time.

Conclusion
The duration of nighttime sleep and the probability of depression have a U-shaped relationship. The likelihood of depression was lowest in the elderly who slept for 6–8 hours at night, and the likelihood of depression could be reduced by increasing the nighttime sleep time instead of napping time within the optimal nighttime sleep range.
Depressive symptoms among adults is associated with decreased food security
Authors: Meshkat Shakila , Pang Hilary , Tassone Vanessa K. , Janssen-Aguilar Reinhard , Wu Michelle , Jung Hyejung , Lou Wendy , Bhat Venkat 
Published: June 2024

Objective
We aim to evaluate the association of depressive symptoms, depressive symptoms severity and symptom cluster scores (i.e., cognitive-affective and somatic) with food security (FS). We will also evaluate the interaction effect of sex, income and ethnicity on these associations.

Methods
Data from the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles were used in this study. Participants included survey respondents 20+ years who had completed Depression and Food Security questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between depressive symptoms and FS.

Results
A total of 34,128 participants, including 3,021 (7.73%) with depressive symptoms, were included in this study. In both unadjusted and adjusted models, participants with depressive symptoms had lower odds of FS (aOR = 0.347, 95% CI: 0.307,0.391, p<0.001). Moreover, in both unadjusted and adjusted models, for each 1-point increase in cognitive-affective (aOR = 0.850, 95% CI = 0.836,0.864, p <0.001) and somatic symptoms (aOR = 0.847, 95% CI = 0.831,0.863, p <0.001), odds of high FS decreased correspondingly. Our study found no significant interaction effects of sex on depressive symptoms-FS association. Statistically significant interactions of ethnicity and poverty-to-income ratio on depressive symptoms-FS association were observed, revealing higher odds of FS among Non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American groups, and lower odds of FS in Non-Hispanic White and high-income subgroups.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated an association between depressive symptoms and decreased FS. Further research is required to deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and to develop focused interventions.
Diagnostic accuracy of nanopore sequencing for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Guocan , Xu Xudong , Shen Yanqin , Fang Bifei 
Published: June 2024

Background
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is the most common type of tuberculosis (TB). Rapid diagnosis of PTB can help in TB control. Although the use of molecular tests (such as the GeneXpert MTB/RIF) has improved the ability to rapidly diagnose PTB, there is still room for improvement. Nanopore sequencing is a novel means of rapid TB detection. The purpose of this study was to establish a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol for evaluating the accuracy of nanopore sequencing for the rapid diagnosis of PTB.

Methods
We completed this protocol according to the Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) statement and registered on the PROSPERO platform. We will screen studies related to nanopore sequencing for diagnosis of PTB by searching through PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library using English, and Wanfang database, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) using Chinese. Eligible studies will be screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria established in the study protocol. We will evaluate the methodological quality of the individual included studies using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). We will use Stata (version 15.0) with the midas command and RevMan (version 5.3) for meta-analysis and forest plots and SROC curves generation. A p < 0.05 was treated as a statistically significant difference. When significant heterogeneity exists between studies, we will explore sources of heterogeneity through meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first systematic review and meta-analysis of nanopore sequencing for the diagnosis of PTB. We hope that this study will find a new and effective tool for the early diagnosis of PTB.

PROSPERO Registration number
CRD42023495593.
Exploring the link: Systemic immune-inflammation index as a marker in endometriosis—Insights from the NHANES 2001–2006 cross-sectional study
Authors: Peng Liang , Luo Xiaohan , Cao Baodi , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: June 2024

Objective
The systemic immuno-inflammatory index (SII), a novel immune marker of inflammation, has not been previously associated with endometriosis. The objective of this research is to explore the link between SII and the occurrence of endometriosis.

Methods
Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2001 to 2006, we screened and extracted relevant information from the population. Participants missing data on either SII or endometriosis were excluded. We divided the remaining cohort into quartiles based on SII levels: Q1 (SII < 249, n = 848), Q2 (249 ≤ SII < 604.55, n = 847), Q3 (604.55 ≤ SII < 825.35, n = 847), and Q4 (SII ≥ 852.35, n = 848). Multiple linear regression and smooth curve fitting techniques, were to evaluate the non-linear association between SII and endometriosis.

Results
The study included 3,390 adults aged 20 to 55. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between SII and endometriosis [3.14, 95% CI (2.22, 4.45), P < 0.01]. This correlation was consistent across subgroups defined by marital status, poverty income ratio, BMI, alcohol consumption, and age at first menstrual period. However, the relationship between SII and endometriosis was significantly modified by age, education, and history of pregnancy in the stratified analyses. The curve fitting indicated an S-shaped curve, with an inflection point at SII = 1105.76.

Conclusion
The SII may serve as a predictive marker for endometriosis risk among women in the United States, offering a potentially simple and cost-effective approach. However, given the cross-sectional design of this investigation, further validation in prospective studies is necessary.
Physical fitness characteristics of elite freestyle skiing aerials athletes
Authors: Yao Youwei , Niu Xuesong 
Published: June 2024

Objective
To analyze the physical fitness characteristics of elite freestyle skiing aerials athletes, thereby enhancing the understanding of exercise physiologists, sports scientists, and coaches regarding the demands in this discipline.

Methods
After health screenings, 29 athletes from the Chinese National Freestyle Skiing Aerials Team were divided into elite and general groups, including males and females. Physical fitness indexes were determined through literature reviews, expert interviews, and the Delphi method, followed by physical fitness tests assessing body morphology, physiological function, and physical quality. Data normality was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Differences between the two groups were then evaluated using independent sample t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests, after which effect sizes were calculated to assess the magnitude of the differences.

Results
Significant body morphology differences were noted between elite and general groups in fat-free body weight, leg, and waist circumferences (P < 0.05). Male athletes in the elite group exhibited a significantly lower percentage of body fat (P < 0.05), whereas the reduction in body fat percentage among female elite athletes was not statistically significant. In terms of physiological function assessment, elite athletes demonstrated superior performance in both maximum anaerobic capacity and relative maximum anaerobic capacity compared to their counterparts in the general group (P < 0.05). Notably, the difference in maximum anaerobic capacity was highly significant among male athletes (P < 0.01), and the relative maximum anaerobic capacity among female athletes was also markedly significant (P < 0.01). Regarding physical quality indexes, elite athletes outperformed those in the general group in all aspects except for the quick v-up and 12-minute run tests (P < 0.05 or P<0.01).

Conclusion
Elite athletes exhibit superior physical fitness characteristics compared to general athletes, attributable to differences in age, years of training, and their participation in ongoing specialized physical training within structured, cyclical programs. Specifically, elite athletes demonstrated higher fat-free body weight, larger waist and leg circumferences in terms of body morphology. Particularly, male athletes showed a trend towards lower body fat percentage. Physiologically, they exhibited stronger anaerobic metabolism capabilities. In terms of physical quality, elite athletes displayed superior limb strength, lower limb explosive power, and specialized core strength, along with better speed, agility, and overall coordination.
Acute COPD exacerbations and in-hospital treatment-related problems: An observational study
Authors: Awwad Oriana , Abu Farha Rana , Altaharwah Anood , Sharaya Sarah , Naser Abdallah Y. , Tabaza Haya 
Published: June 2024

Background
Treatment-related problems (TRPs) interfere with the ability to attain the desired goals of treatment, adding cost to healthcare systems. Patients hospitalized with acute conditions are at particular risk to experience TRPs. Data investigating such burden in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is generally scarce with no studies ever conducted in Jordan. This study aimed to investigate and categorize TRPs among patients hospitalized with AECOPD in Jordan, and to estimate their cost savings and cost avoidance.

Methods
This was a retrospective population-based cohort study. Patients’ cases of AECOPD admitted to the study site from Jan 2017 to Jul 2021 were identified from the electronic clinical database and screened for eligibility. TRPs were identified/categorized using AbuRuz tool and assessed for their severity. Cost saving was estimated by calculating all the extra costs. Cost avoidance was estimated according to Nesbit method.

Results
A total of 1243 (mean±SD 3.1±1.5) and 503 (mean±SD 1.3±1.2) TRPs were identified during hospitalization and at discharge respectively, of which 49.4% and 66.7% were classified as “unnecessary drug therapy”. In 54.5% of the cases, systemic corticosteroid was administered for a period longer than recommended. Most of the TRPs were of moderate severity. The total direct cost saving, and cost avoidance were estimated to be 15,745.7 USD and 340,455.5 USD respectively.

Conclusion
The prevalence and cost of TRPs among AECOPD patients is a concern requiring attention. The study results implicate integrating interventions such as embracing clinical pharmacists’ role in the respiratory care units to optimize patients’ management.
Pola Pertumbuhan Dan Mortalitas Tuna Sirip Kuning (Thunnus albacares) di PPI Ujong Baroh
Authors: Burhanis Burhanis , Alaudin Alaudin , Fadhillah Radhi , Zulfadhli Zulfadhli , Edwarsyah Edwarsyah , Munandar Roni Arif 
Published: June 2024

Beberapa spesies ikan tuna mulai terancam ketersediaannya. Upaya untuk mewujudkan pemanfaatan yang optimal dan berkelanjutan sangat dibutuhkan, sehingga perlu dilakukan monitoring, evaluasi dan perbandingan terhadap pemanfaatan tuna sirip kuning. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji dan meganalisis pola pertumbuhan dan mortalitas tuna sirip kuning di PPI Ujong Baroh. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengamatan dan pengukuran sampel tuna sirip kuning dilakukan secara langsung dari hasil tangkapan nelayan. Selanjutnya pengumpulan data tuna sirip kuning meliputi jumlah hasil tangkapan serta pengukuran karakter morfometrik yaitu panjang cagak (FL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan koefision ukuran panjang maksimum (L∞) yaitu sebesar 97,65 cm, dengan pendugaan panjang tuna sirip kuning pertama kali tertangkap (LC) pada ukuran panjang cagak (FL) 56,43 cm. Nilai laju pertumbuhan (K) sebesar 0,80 pertahun, laju mortalitas total (Z) sebesar 0,26 pertahun, mortalitas alami (M) sebesar 0,76 pertahun, mortalitas penangkapan (F) sebesar -0,50 pertahun. Rata-rata ikan tuna sirip kuning yang tertangkap berukuran kecil dan belum matang gonad (Lc<Lm) dengan tingkat pertumbuhan lebih cepat serta kematian alami lebih besar dari pada penangkapan. Kegiatan penangkapan tuna sirip kuning yang di daratkan di PPI Ujong Baroh merupakan perikanan skala kecil dengan nilai eksploitasi (E) sebesar -1,94 pertahun yang tegolong under fishing berdasarkan dari nilai M (F<M). Several species of tuna fish are starting to face threats to their availability. Efforts to achieve optimal and sustainable utilization are crucial, requiring monitoring, evaluation, and comparison of the utilization of yellowfin tuna. The research aim is to examine and analyze the growth and mortality patterns of yellowfin tuna in Ujong Baroh Fish Landing Base (PPI). The method in this research uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The observation and measurement of yellowfin tuna samples are directly conducted from the fishermen's catch. Data collection of yellowfin tuna includes the quantity of catches and measurements of morphometric characteristics, specifically fork length (FL). The research results show that the maximum length coefficient (L∞) is 97,65 cm, with an estimated length at first capture at a fork length (FL) of 56,43 cm. The value of growth rate (K) of 0,80 per year, total mortality rate (Z) of 0,26 per year, natural mortality (M) of 0,76 per year, fishing mortality (F) is -0,50 per year. On average, the yellowfin tuna caught are small and immature gonads (Lc<Lm) with a faster growth rate and greater natural mortality than those caught in the fishery. The fishing activity of yellowfin tuna landed at PPI Ujong Baroh are small-scale fishery with an exploitation value (E) of -1.94 per year which is classified as under fishing based on the M value (F<M).
Das Niklashausen-Spiel
des Thomas Ruscher (1476)
Authors: Haye Thomas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In 1476, the minstrel Hans Behem triggers an unauthorised Marian pilgrimage to the village of Niklashausen (Tauber Valley). The bishop of Würzburg brutally suppresses the movement and executes Behem as a heretic. In the same year, Thomas Ruscher (d. 1510), a student of theology at Heidelberg, treats the matter in the form of a Latin drama. The text is influenced by the medieval tradition of the spiritual play (ludus), but also reactivates elements of the ancient tragedy. The article presents a critical edition of the Latin text, a German translation and a typological analysis.
Three degrees of separation: networks in the city of Babylon during the Reign of Darius I (522–486 BCE)
Authors: Wang Jinyan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, I reconstruct the networks of Babylonian urban dwellers during the reign of Darius I (522–486 BCE) based on 803 tablets from 10 private archives in Babylon. The main aim is to examine the structure and connectivity of the network that connected different urban families and groups of individuals outside the families. I focus on the positions individuals occupied within the network that yielded them the power to connect smaller parts of the network. The first approach used to identify and analyze these positions is the betweenness centrality measure. The second approach is the analytic concept of brokerage, the role of mediating between two or more individuals or communities that would otherwise have no connection to each other. I identify differences in the ways that the intermediate position of brokers affected the formation of the network. These brokerage roles resulted from families’ strategies to increase their household wealth by constructing and optimizing marriage, prebendary, and business relations.