bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid flow circulating within an unbaffled vessel agitated with an unsteady forward–reverse rotating impeller
Authors: Yoshida Masanori , Wakura Yuma , Yamagiwa Kazuaki , Ohkawa Akira , Tezura Shuichi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLiquid‐phase mixing is a common operation, often performed in vessels using mechanically rotating impellers. To enhance axial mixing the vessels are generally equipped with baffles; however, in industries where cleaning the vessel interior is a major concern, i.e. food and pharmaceuticals, and crystallization, where baffles can disturb particle growth, unbaffled vessels are preferred. One method of agitation in unbaffled vessels is an impeller that periodically changes either the direction or rate of rotation: so‐called unsteady rotation. For use in an enhanced agitation vessel, an agitation technology using an unsteady forward–reverse rotating impeller in an unbaffled vessel was investigated. Such unsteady agitation is expected to enhance mixing. However, knowledge of the liquid flows in such an apparatus remains elusive. Thus an aim of this work was to characterize the circulation flow in such a system. Circulation by a disk turbine impeller with six flat blades was studied through examination of tracer particle trajectories. Images showing flow patterns with the forward–reverse rotating impeller resembled those obtained with a unidirectionally rotating impeller in a baffled vessel. The pattern was characterized by a circulation loop whose pathway exits from the impeller rotational region and returns to that region past the wall and bottom of the vessel. Time‐series particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) images obtained during one forward–reverse rotation of the impeller showed that the flow near the vessel wall reduced the periodic fluctuation downstream and that a flow that was almost independent of time was induced near the vessel bottom. For the flow from the bottom to the impeller, unsteadiness was provided by proximity to the impeller. Based on the intensity distribution of the unsteady flow produced by this type of forward–reverse rotating impeller within the vessel, the unsteady flow was shown to have the potential to reach the region near the vessel wall. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Altered sex hormone concentrations and gonadal mRNA expression levels of activin signaling factors in hatchling alligators from a contaminated Florida lake
Authors: Moore Brandon C. , Kohno Satomi , Cook Robert W. , Alvers Ashley L. , Hamlin Heather J. , Woodruff Teresa K. , Guillette Louis J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractActivins and estrogens participate in regulating the breakdown of ovarian germ cell nests and follicle assembly in mammals. In 1994, our group reported elevated frequencies of abnormal, multioocytic ovarian follicles in 6 month old, environmental contaminant‐exposed female alligators after gonadotropin challenge. Here, we investigated if maternal contribution of endocrine disrupting contaminants to the egg subsequently alters estrogen/inhibin/activin signaling in hatchling female offspring, putatively predisposing an increased frequency of multioocytic follicle formation. We quantified basal and exogenous gonadotropin‐stimulated concentrations of circulating plasma steroid hormones and ovarian activin signaling factor mRNA abundance in hatchling alligators from the same contaminated (Lake Apopka) and reference (Lake Woodruff) Florida lakes, as examined in 1994. Basal circulating plasma estradiol and testosterone concentrations were greater in alligators from the contaminated environment, whereas activin/inhibin βA subunit and follistatin mRNA abundances were lower than values measured in ovaries from reference lake animals. Challenged, contaminant‐exposed animals showed a more robust increase in plasma estradiol concentration following an acute follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) challenge compared with reference site alligators. Aromatase and follistatin mRNA levels increased in response to an extended FSH challenge in the reference site animals, but not in the contaminant‐exposed animals. In hatchling alligators, ovarian follicles have not yet formed; therefore, these endocrine differences are likely to affect subsequent ovarian development, including ovarian follicle assembly. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:218–230, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Muscle development in the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, with special reference to some of the larval‐specific muscles
Authors: Uji Susumu , Kurokawa Tadahide , Suzuki Tohru 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe investigated muscle development in the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, focusing primarily on the cranial muscles, using a whole mount immunohistochemical staining method. It is well established that during the very early stages of morphogenesis, until 4 days post hatching (dph), muscles required for feeding develop. Later, between 8 and 16 dph, the muscle composition in the dorsal branchial arches changes to the adult form. We discovered the presence of larval‐specific muscles in this ontogenetic period, termed the larval branchial levators 2 and 3, located in the dorsal branchial arches. The larval branchial levators 2 and 3 disappear during the course of development, whereas the others remain as levator internus 1 and levator posterior, which have also been described in adult fish. In place of these regressed muscles, the levatores externi and levator internus 2 develop and regulate the branchial arches. In addition, we found that the levator posterior, which is thought to represent the fifth levator externus, and the levatores externi exhibit different origins. We also found that at least a part of the caudal fin musculature develops from the trunk myotome. J. Morphol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specific fragmentation of the K‐shell excited/ionized pyridine derivatives studied by electron impact: 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐methylpyridine
Authors: Sakai Masamichi , Okada Kazumasa , Ohno Keiichi , Tabayashi Kiyohiko 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFragmentation of the pyridine ring upon K‐shell excitation/ionization has been studied with gaseous 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐methylpyridine by the electron‐impact method. Ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculations were also carried out to explore electronic states correlating with specific fragments. Some specific fragmentation channels were identified from the ionic fragments enhanced characteristically at the N 1s edge. Yields of the C2HN+ and C5H5+/C5H6+ ions show that the fission of the NC2 and C4C5/C5C6 bonds of the ring is likely to occur after the N 1s excitation and ionization. Ab initio MO calculations for the 2‐methylpyridine molecule indicate that the dissociation channels to produce these ions are only accessible through the excited states of the parent molecular dication, which can be formed by Auger decays after the N 1s ionization. Fragment ions via hydrogen rearrangement are produced as well, but the rearrangement is not a phenomenon specific to the K‐shell excitation/ionization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence, evolution, and features of infection with human papillomavirus: A 15‐year longitudinal study of routine screening of a women population in the north of Spain
Authors: de Oña María , Alvarez‐Argüelles Marta E. , Torrents Magdalena , Villa Laura , Rodriguez‐Feijoo Asunción , Palacio Ana , Boga Jose A. , Tamargo Angel , Melón Santiago 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDetermination of the prevalence of type‐specific human papillomavirus (HPV) is important for the development of new vaccines and to prevent malignancy. The objective of this study was to determine HPV infection in two areas in the north of Spain, and their evolution in the last 15 years. Between 1991 and 2007, 7,930 fresh cervical swabs were obtained from 5,554 women (37.8 ± 11.8 years old). From them, 425 have been followed‐up for an average of 3.7 ± 2.08 years after sampling (range 2–14.6), and 71 for 7.7 ± 2.2 years (range 5–14). Methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were carried out. Samples from 1,598 (28.8%) women were positive for HPV: 40.9% were under 25 years of age, 34.2% in the 25–35 year age group, 27.2% in the 36–45 year age group, and 19.6% older than 45 years (P < 0.001). HPV was found in 34.4% of the women with cytological alterations versus 23% of women without cervical changes (P < 0.0001). HPV‐16 was present in 25.8% of the women, although the study identified 26 different HPV genotypes. After 3 years of follow‐up, HPV remained or became undetectable in 87% of the cases, and in 5 years 70.3%. The prevalence of HPV is associated with younger women and women with cytological changes in the cervix. Although HPV‐16 is more prevalent, HPV types not included in available vaccines were found the most commonly. The low 3‐year (even 5‐year) cumulative incidence rate of HPV infection suggests that cervical screening every 3 (or even 5) years is safe and effective. J. Med. Virol. 82:597–604, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic variation of G4P[6] rotaviruses: Evidence for novel strains circulating between the hospital and community
Authors: Shim So‐Yeon , Jung Yeon‐Chang , Le Van Phan , Son Dong Woo , Ryoo Eell , Shim Jung Ok , Lim Inseok , Kim Wonyong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractOne hundred forty‐six fecal specimens collected between 2007 and 2008 from infants with acute gastroenteritis were screened for rotavirus by ELISA with VP6‐specific antibody. One hundred twenty‐three of the samples (84.2%) were confirmed to be positive for group A rotavirus (community‐acquired, n = 90 [73.2%] and nosocomial, n = 33 [26.8%]), and were typed subsequently using RT‐PCR and sequence analysis methods. Determination of G‐ and P‐type combinations showed that G4P[6] (78.9%) was the most common strain, followed by G3P[8] (7.3%), G1P[8] (6.5%), G2P[4] (0.8%), G2P[6] (0.8%), G1P[6] (0.8%), and G9P[8] (0.8%) strains. Of the 97 G4P[6] strains, 62 (63.8%) were responsible for community‐acquired cases and 35 (36.1%) were hospital‐acquired cases. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene from the G4P[6] strains revealed that both the community‐acquired and nosocomial strains were segregated to the human rotaviruses circulating world‐wide, including the prototype vaccinal strain, ST3, which constituted a novel sublineage in lineage 1. Owing to the recent emergence of G4P[6] rotaviruses within the hospital, as well as in the community, the findings from this study are important since they provide new information concerning the community and nosocomial spread of rotaviruses. J. Med. Virol. 82:700–706, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recurrent cytomegalovirus colitis with megacolon in an immunocompetent elderly man
Authors: Lin Yi‐Hsuan , Yeh Chi‐Ju , Chen Ying‐Jen , Chang Ming‐Chu , Su I‐Hao , Cheng Hao‐Tsai 
Published: February 2010

AbstractGastrointestinal infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is uncommon in immunocompetent hosts. The case of a 70‐year‐old male with CMV colitis, who has no history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease or immunodeficiency is described. Diagnosis was aided by the identification of inclusion bodies that reacted positively for CMV by immunohistochemical testing in biopsy specimens from the colonic mucosa. His hospital course was characterized by poor improvement of his symptoms after the CMV infection was treated with ganciclovir, and the occurrence of megacolon. A repeat colonoscopy with biopsy revealed a recurrence of the CMV infection. Although CMV colitis is common in immunocompromised patients, we believe this is the first case of CMV colitis with megacolon and recurrent CMV infection in an immunocompetent patient. Colitis caused by CMV colitis should be considered in elderly people with diarrhea. J. Med. Virol. 82:638–641, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Circulating human group A rotavirus genotypes in Malaysia
Authors: Zuridah H. , Kirkwood C.D. , Bogdanovic‐Sakran N. , Bishop R.F. , Yap K.L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study examined the temporal distribution of rotavirus genotypes in Malaysia. Rotaviruses from children with diarrhea admitted to hospitals in 1996 (n = 93) and 2007 (n = 12) in two different regions of Peninsular (West) Malaysia were analyzed for their G and P genotypes using a hemi‐nested RT‐PCR assay. In the 2007 samples, the dominant strain was G9P[8]. It was identified in 42% of the samples. Different strains all possessing the G1 genotype were identified in the rest of the samples. In contrast, 81% of the samples collected in 1996 were the G1P[8] strain. No strains with G9 genotype were detected in samples collected in 1996. J. Med. Virol. 82:707–711, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the performance of the novel PapilloCheck® HPV genotyping test by comparison with two other genotyping systems and the HC2 test
Authors: Schopp Betti , Holz Barbara , Zago Manola , Stubenrauch Frank , Petry Karl‐Ulrich , Kjaer Susanne Krüger , Iftner Thomas 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe novel PapilloCheck® genotyping test was compared with SPF10 PCR LiPav1 and PGMY09/11 on hybrid capture 2 (HC2)‐pretested samples. From results of 826 cervical samples detection rates and kappa values for the tests were calculated using a HPV type consensus definition. With PapilloCheck® HPV types 53, 56, and 33 were found with a sensitivity of 100%. The lowest detection rate was observed for HPV 35 (72.2%). The SPF10 PCR LiPav1 was found to be 100% positive for HPV 18, 31, 53, 56, and 35 and lowest for HPV 59 (81%). The PGMY09/11 system detected only HPV 59 at 100% detection rate and showed lowest sensitivity for HPV 56 (40.5%). Multiple infection rates ranged from 25.8% (PGMY09/11 PCR‐LBA), over 39.5% (PapilloCheck®) to 55.9% (SPF10 PCR LiPav1). In samples with higher viral DNA load detection rates and concordance between the genotyping tests increases. The kappa values in comparison to the HPV consensus type ranged from k = 0.21 to k = 0.82 for comparing SPF10 PCR with the HPV consensus type, while values for PGMY09/11 PCR ranged from k = 0 to k = 0.96 and were best for the PapilloCheck® (k = 0.49–0.98). Detection rates for the identification of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) ranged from 93.7% (PGMY09/11 PCR) to 98.4% (PapilloCheck®, SPF10 PCR, HC2). In conclusion, this study shows that the PapilloCheck® give comparable results to established PCR methods. However, these results also show a necessity for the standardization of genotype‐specific HPV detection assays. J. Med. Virol. 82:605–615, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and comparison of molecular assays for the rapid detection of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus
Authors: Lam Wai‐Yip , Leung Ting‐Fan , Lee Nelson , Cheung Jo L.K. , Yeung Apple C.M. , Ho Yolanda I.I. , Chan Rickjason C.W. , Fung Kitty S.C. , Barr Ian G. , Hui David S.C. , Sung Joseph J.Y. , Chan Paul K.S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHuman infection with the novel pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus was first identified in April 2009. Two months later, the World Health Organization (WHO) had raised the pandemic level to phase 6. Rapid case identification is essential for prompt patient management and public health actions. This study developed real‐time and conventional reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR and cRT‐PCR) assays for pandemic H1N1 detection, and compared their sensitivities with protocols developed by WHO reference centres. Altogether, three rRT‐PCR and one cRT‐PCR targeting the matrix gene for universal detection of influenza A; three rRT‐PCR, one cRT‐PCR targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) gene for specific detection of pandemic H1N1; and one multiplex cRT‐PCR for differentiating co‐circulating seasonal H1N1, H3N2, and pandemic H1N1 were examined. The lower detection limit ranged from 1.252 to 125.2 copy equivalents. In general, rRT‐PCR assays were more sensitive than cRT‐PCR assays. All assays showed 100% sensitivity for “optimal” specimens (nasopharyngeal samples collected within 4 days after illness onset). For the other 36 samples, cRT‐PCR assays were less sensitive except that the new Protocol I‐cRT‐pdmH1 still retained 100% sensitivity. The new Protocol F‐rRT‐PCR‐pdmH1 was the only pandemic virus‐specific rRT‐PCR assay with 100% sensitivity across all specimen categories. In conclusion, rRT‐PCR assays are 10‐fold more sensitive than cRT‐PCR assays. The newly developed cRT‐PCR assay targeting the HA gene allows rapid, specific, and sensitive screening of this novel agent, which can serve as an alternative for laboratories where a real‐time PCR machine is not available. J. Med. Virol. 82:675–683, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of complete genome sequences of swine hepatitis E virus and possible risk factors for transmission of HEV to humans in Korea
Authors: Song Young‐Jo , Jeong Hyun‐Jeong , Kim Yu‐Jin , Lee Sang‐Won , Lee Jung‐Bok , Park Seung‐Yong , Song Chang‐Seon , Park Hee‐Myung , Choi In‐Soo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic agent, for which pigs are the most important reservoir. Complete genome sequences of two swine HEV strains, designated swKOR‐1 and swKOR‐2, were determined via RT‐PCR and RACE‐PCR. The strains contained genomes composed of 7,222‐ and 7,221‐bp excluding the poly(A) tails, respectively. The swKOR‐1 and swKOR‐2 strains were classified into subtype 3a of genotype 3 via phylogenetic analysis. These strains formed a distinctive cluster in the phylogenetic tree with human and swine HEVs isolated in the USA and human HEVs isolated in Japan. Anti‐HEV antibodies were identified via ELISA in 8 of 99 (8.1%) cats, whereas, among 115 cattle and 213 dogs, no HEV‐specific antibodies were detected. The conserved RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of HEV could be detected via RT‐PCR in 8.7% of raw oysters collected from coastal regions in Korea. The HEV RNAs detected in oysters were identified as belonging to subtype 3a. The HEV RNAs in oysters most closely resembled that of the swKOR‐2 strain. They also showed a close genetic relationship with the swKOR‐1 strain and the swine and human HEVs isolated in the USA. This is the first report describing the detection in oysters of HEV that may have originated from genotype 3 swine HEV in Korea. Pigs and cats infected with HEV, as well as oysters contaminated with HEV, are potential risk factors for HEV transmission to humans. J. Med. Virol. 82:583–591, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and type distribution, and HPV‐associated cytological abnormalities in anal specimens from men infected with HIV who have sex with men
Authors: Damay Audrey , Fabre Jaqueline , Costes Valérie , Didelot Jean‐Michel , Didelot Marie‐Noëlle , Boulle Nathalie , Segondy Michel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) detection and typing using the PapilloCheck® test and cytological examination were carried out in anal samples collected from 67 men seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who have sex with men. Fifty (74.6%) patients had anal HPV infection, 46 (68.7%) had high‐risk (HR) HPV infection, and 38 (56.7%) had multiple infection involving 2–9 (median, 3) HPV types. The HPV types identified most frequently were HPV 44/55 (19.4%), HPV 53 (19.4%), HPV 16 (16.4%), HPV 39 (16.4%), and HPV 42 (14.9%). Thirty‐two of the 66 interpretable smears (48.5%) revealed cytological abnormalities: 9 (13.4%) atypical cells of undetermined significance, 20 (30.3%) low‐grade intraepithelial lesions, and 3 (4.5%) high‐grade intraepithelial lesions. Cytological abnormalities were associated significantly with HPV detection (P < 0.001), multiple HPV infection (P < 0.001), and increased number of HPV types (P < 0.001). The HPV types associated most frequently with cytological abnormalities were HPV 39 (28.1%), HPV 42 (28.1%), HPV 53 (28.1%), HPV 16 (25.0%), HPV 44/55 (25.0%), and HPV 59 (21.9%). HPV DNA detection as well as cytological abnormalities were associated neither with HIV RNA detection in plasma nor with CD4+ T‐cell count. Differences in age or in time since HIV acquisition were not observed in patients with or without cytological abnormalities. The present study confirms the high prevalence of anal HR‐HPV infection and cytological abnormalities in men infected with HIV who have sex with men. HPV testing and/or cytological analysis may be helpful in selecting the patients to be referred to proctological examination. J. Med. Virol. 82:592–596, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections in France in 2004: Social factors are important predictors after adjusting for known risk factors
Authors: Meffre Christine , Le Strat Yann , Delarocque‐Astagneau Elisabeth , Dubois Fréderic , Antona Denise , Lemasson Jean‐Marie , Warszawski Josiane , Steinmetz Josiane , Coste Dominique , Meyer Jean‐François , Leiser Sandrine , Giordanella Jean‐Pierre , Gueguen René , Desenclos Jean‐Claude 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTo monitor the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C a cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 2004 among French metropolitan residents. A complex sampling design was used to enroll 14,416 adult participants aged 18–80 years. Data collected included demographic and social characteristics and risk factors. Sera were tested for anti‐HCV, HCV‐RNA, anti‐HBc and HBsAg. Data were analyzed with SUDAAN® software to provide weighted estimates for the French metropolitan resident population. The overall anti‐HCV prevalence was 0.84% (95% CI: 0.65–1.10). Among anti‐HCV positive individuals, 57.4% (95% CI: 43.2–70.5) knew their status. Factors associated independently with positive anti‐HCV were drug use (intravenous and nasal), blood transfusion before 1992, a history of tattoos, low socioeconomic status, being born in a country where anti‐HCV prevalence >2.5%, and age >29 years. The overall anti‐HBc prevalence was 7.3% (95%: 6.5–8.2). Independent risk factors for anti‐HBc were intravenous drug use, being a man who has sex with men, low socioeconomic status, a stay in a psychiatric facility or facility for the mentally disabled, <12 years of education, being born in a country where HBsAg prevalence >2%, age >29 and male sex. The HCV RNA and HBsAg prevalence were 0.53% (95% CI: 0.40–0.70) and 0.65% (95% CI: 0.45–0.93), respectively. Among HBsAg positive individuals, 44.8% (95% CI: 22.8–69.1) knew their status. Anti‐HCV prevalence was close to the 1990s estimates whereas HBsAg prevalence estimate was greater than expected. Screening of hepatitis B and C should be strengthened and should account for social vulnerability. J. Med. Virol. 82:546–555, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trends in HTLV‐1 prevalence and incidence of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma in Nagasaki, Japan
Authors: Koga Yoshito , Iwanaga Masako , Soda Midori , Inokuchi Naoko , Sasaki Daisuke , Hasegawa Hiroo , Yanagihara Katsunori , Yamaguchi Kazunari , Kamihira Shimeru , Yamada Yasuaki 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMost previous studies aimed at estimating the number of human T‐cell leukemia virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) carriers in endemic areas have been based on seroprevalence rates in blood donors; however, this may result in underestimation because of the healthy donor effect. People who have health problem do not donate blood. In the present study, the number of HTLV‐1 carriers in Nagasaki City was estimated based on the seroprevalence rates in a hospital‐based population from Nagasaki University Hospital. In accordance with previous reports, seroprevalence of HTLV‐1 was higher in females, and year of birth‐specific seroprevalence showed a significant annual decline in both genders (P for trend: <0.0001). The estimated number of HTLV‐1 carriers in Nagasaki City was 36,983. The incidence of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) among HTLV‐1 carriers was estimated using data from the Nagasaki Prefectural Cancer Registry. The estimated annual incidence of ATLL was 61 per 100,000 HTLV‐1 carriers, and the crude lifetime risk of the development was 7.29% for males and 3.78% for females. There is a large pool of HTLV‐1 carriers aged over 70 years, and a continuing development of cases of ATLL among the elderly is therefore expected. J. Med. Virol. 82:668–674, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.