bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of ecofriendly silver based composite hydrogel with multifunctional properties as possible wound dressing material
Authors: Iqbal Yasir , Chatha Shahzad Ali Shahid , Khan Ikram Ullah , Qamar Muhammad Azam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hydrogels are ideal for creating wound dressings but fabricating such hydrogels with strong antibacterial properties and high biosafety is complex due to their unique properties. Therefore, the present work proposes the preparation of chitosan-silver-moringa gum composite hydrogel (CAM) with excellent bactericidal action. The solvent-free, ecologically friendly, and cost-effective hydrogel sets a new standard for sustainable production. The CAM composite hydrogel showed maximum swelling in distilled water after 24 h. The produced composite hydrogel has a characteristic Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The CAM composite hydrogel inhibited Hela cell lines by 100 ± 0.56% at 30 μg ml−1 with an IC50 of 13.89 ± 0.8 μg ml−1 via MTT assay. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed the hydrogel’s porous structure whereas (EDX) analysis revealed the presence of silver in the hydrogel matrix. Additionally, the DPPH assay showed 82.06 ± 1.39% antioxidant activity at 0.9 mg ml−1 for the composite hydrogel. The in-vitro protein denaturation assay, of composite hydrogel, showed 59.7 ± 2.52% inhibition compared to diclofenac 87.89 ± 0.47% at 1 mg ml−1, indicating anti-inflammatory efficacy. CAM hydrogel showed steady behaviour from 105 to 170 °C with a weight loss of 2.77%, making it suitable for steam sterilisation as a wound dressing material. CAM composite hydrogel has a different glass transition temperature (Tg) curve compared to chitosan and moringa gum, indicating its successful production. The CAM composite hydrogel demonstrated promising antibacterial activity against all tested strains, making it a promising biobased wound dressing material.
The effect of CoPt3 sublayer on the formation of fct-L10 FePt nanoparticles in direct synthesis method
Authors: Javani F , Sebt S A , Khajehnezhad A , Aezami A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The smaller the size of magnetic nanoparticles is, the less their coercivity will be. The magnetic coercivity of FePt nanoparticles, in the compound ordered phase, known as fct-L10 FePt, is up to the order of tesla; however, the temperature of 600 °C, required for the formation of this phase, increases the size of FePt nanoparticles. In this research, fct-L10 FePt nanoparticles were fabricated using the direct synthesis method by Co-sputtering system. The presence of a CoPt3 sublayer resulted in the formation of a fct-L10 phase of FePt nanoparticles at 400 °C with a uniform surface distribution and mean size and standard deviation of 11 nm and 1.5 nm, respectively. The same as the other results of FePt/CoPt3, magnetic coercivity of fct-L10 FePt nanoparticles, with the mentioned size, reached to 3.0 kOe at room temperature, because of the presence of the CoPt3 sublayer.
Cosmological time crystals from Gauss-Bonnet gravity in four dimensions
Authors: Khodabakhshi H. , Shojai F. , Lü H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We investigate various cosmological aspects of a 4-Dimensional Gauss-Bonnet Lagrangian,
which is integrated into the Einstein Lagrangian with an arbitrary sign, using the
Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric. We consider a general potential term, V(a),
that depends on the scale factor a, and we analyze several scenarios by investigating the
critical points of the dynamical equations and stability conditions to understand how the
universe's behavior is affected by the Gauss-Bonnet term. Our research suggests that choosing the
negative sign, this integration allows for the spontaneous breaking of time reflection
symmetry. This can lead to the generation of a wall-bounce universe even with a normal matter
sector, marking a significant departure from traditional theories. Furthermore, we examine the
possibility of a time-crystal universe, showing that under certain circumstances, the theory might
give rise to cyclic universes.
LiteBIRD science goals and forecasts: a full-sky measurement of gravitational lensing of the CMB
Authors: Lonappan A.I. , Namikawa T. , Piccirilli G. , Diego-Palazuelos P. , Ruiz-Granda M. , Migliaccio M. , Baccigalupi C. , Bartolo N. , Beck D. , Benabed K. , Challinor A. , Errard J. , Farrens S. , Gruppuso A. , Krachmalnicoff N. , Martínez-González E. , Pettorino V. , Sherwin B. , Starck J. , Vielva P. , Akizawa R. , Anand A. , Aumont J. , Aurlien R. , Azzoni S. , Ballardini M. , Banday A.J. , Barreiro R.B. , Bersanelli M. , Blinov D. , Bortolami M. , Brinckmann T. , Calabrese E. , Campeti P. , Carones A. , Carralot F. , Casas F.J. , Cheung K. , Clermont L. , Columbro F. , Conenna G. , Coppolecchia A. , Cuttaia F. , D'Alessandro G. , de Bernardis P. , De Petris M. , Della Torre S. , Di Giorgi E. , Eriksen H.K. , Finelli F. , Franceschet C. , Fuskeland U. , Galloni G. , Galloway M. , Georges M. , Gerbino M. , Gervasi M. , Génova-Santos R.T. , Ghigna T. , Giardiello S. , Gimeno-Amo C. , Gjerløw E. , Hazumi M. , Henrot-Versillé S. , Hergt L.T. , Hivon E. , Kohri K. , Komatsu E. , Lamagna L. , Lattanzi M. , Leloup C. , Lembo M. , López-Caniego M. , Luzzi G. , Macias-Perez J. , Maffei B. , Masi S. , Massa M. , Matarrese S. , Matsumura T. , Micheli S. , Moggi A. , Monelli M. , Montier L. , Morgante G. , Mot B. , Mousset L. , Nagata R. , Natoli P. , Novelli A. , Obata I. , Occhiuzzi A. , Pagano L. , Paiella A. , Paoletti D. , Pascual-Cisneros G. , Pavlidou V. , Piacentini F. , Pinchera M. , Pisano G. , Polenta G. , Puglisi G. , Remazeilles M. , Ritacco A. , Rizzieri A. , Sakurai Y. , Scott D. , Shiraishi M. , Signorelli G. , Stever S.L. , Takase Y. , Tanimura H. , Tartari A. , Tassis K. , Terenzi L. , Tristram M. , Vacher L. , van Tent B. , Wehus I.K. , Weymann-Despres G. , Zannoni M. , Zhou Y. ,   The LiteBIRD collaboration
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We explore the capability of measuring lensing signals in LiteBIRD full-sky polarization maps.
With a 30 arcmin beam width and an impressively low polarization noise of 2.16 μK-arcmin,
LiteBIRD will be able to measure the full-sky polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB)
very precisely. This unique sensitivity also enables the reconstruction of a nearly full-sky
lensing map using only polarization data, even considering its limited capability to capture
small-scale CMB anisotropies. In this paper, we investigate the ability to construct a full-sky
lensing measurement in the presence of Galactic foregrounds, finding that several possible biases
from Galactic foregrounds should be negligible after component separation by harmonic-space
internal linear combination. We find that the signal-to-noise ratio of the lensing is
approximately 40 using only polarization data measured over 80% of the sky. This
achievement is comparable to Planck's recent lensing measurement with both temperature and
polarization and represents a four-fold improvement over Planck's polarization-only lensing
measurement. The LiteBIRD lensing map will complement the Planck lensing map and provide several
opportunities for cross-correlation science, especially in the northern hemisphere.
Effect of soaking time of cocoa fruit peel and addition of citronella grass extract (Cymbopogon nardus) on quality characteristics of infused water from indonesian local resources for increasing body immune to face bad environment
Authors: Lubis M M , Nurminah M , Lubis L M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Infused water is a form of modern processed food that is widely consumed by the public. Infused water drinks can be made from a variety of food ingredients. This infused water drink is made from cocoa pod skin and added citronella juice. This research was conducted to investigate the impact of soaking duration of cocoa fruit peel and the concentration of lemongrass extract on the characteristics of cocoa fruit peel infused water. This study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design method with two factors, namely the soaking time of cocoa fruit peel (P): (2 hours; 4 hours; 6 hours) and the concentration of citronella grass extract (S): (5%; 10%, 15%). Infused water drinks were then analyzed for color index (°Hue), pH, vitamin C levels, and antioxidant activity. The final result was that P3S3 treatment = 6 hours of soaking cocoa pod skin : 15% citronella grass extract was the best treatment of infused water.
Combination of addition and activation of lipase enzyme in peanut seed (Arachis hypogaea L.) for direct fatty acid production
Authors: Tambun R , Sitanggang D T , Alexander V , Panjaitan A F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Fatty acids are oleochemical products that are widely used as raw materials in various industries. Fatty acids are obtained from various plants and animals, one of which is peanuts. Peanuts contain 76% - 82% unsaturated fatty acids and the rest is saturated fatty acids. The purpose of this study is to produce fatty acids by turning on the peanut seed’s lipase enzyme. In this study, the addition of immobilized lipase enzyme as much as 0.1% of the sample mass was also carried out. This research method was carried out by grinding peanut seeds using a chopper with variations in the addition of water and variations in reaction time at 35 °C and 30 °C. The mixture of peanut seeds and water is then separated using a hand press, then heated to evaporate the water content. Furthermore, the resulting peanut oil was tested for fatty acid content, density, viscosity, and pH. From this study, the highest fatty acid content was obtained at 10.73% which was achieved at 35 °C and at a reaction time of 6 hours with the addition of enzymes and the addition of 40% water, while the result obtained without the addition of enzymes at the same conditions was 4.51%.
The effect of additional kepok banana blossom (Musa paradisiaca normalis) on mechanical properties of pectin-edible film as packaging
Authors: Dalimunthe N F , Al Fath M T , Taslim  , Samosir M L , Sianipar D J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Edible film is a thin layer of film that is made from natural biodegradable material. Pectin-edible film is widely used in food as a packaging due to its bioactivity, biocompatibility, non-toxic and availability. Nevertheless, pectin-edible film has poor mechanical properties; therefore, Kepok Banana Blossom (Musa paradisiaca normalis) is added to improve its functional value. This study aims to determine the effect of Kepok Banana Blossom as a filler on the properties of edible film namely the thickness of the film, swelling, tensile strength, elongation at break, functional group analysis of FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The film was made by mixing pectin and Kepok Banana Blossom. Various concentration of Kepok Banana Blossom (0% wt;1% wt;3% wt;5% wt;7% wt;9% wt) is diluted in water that contains tween 80 and sorbitol then is stirred around 1.5 hours. The results showed that the properties of the edible film such as tensile strength, elongation at break and elasticity value were decreased while more concentration of the Kepok Banana Blossom was added. For the thickness of the edible film, the addition of Kepok Banana Blossom increased the thickness of the film. Meanwhile, from the FT-IR results, it is shown that the edible film with a filler concentration of 9% shows that there is a new functional group, namely the N=O functional group. The SEM results show that at 9% filler concentration, the components in the form of fibers are identified and the fibers cover the cavity. In conclusion, these results indicate that the addition of Kepok Banana Blossom affects the properties of pectin-edible film.
Policy impact analysis of law No. 11 of 2020 on job creation on palm oil export growth in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Perangin-angin H S S , Ritonga A D , Fauzan I , Thamrin H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study seeks to determine the impact of the Job Creation Law policy on palm oil export growth in North Sumatra Province. Palm oil itself is the largest export commodity in North Sumatra Province. The research method used is a qualitative method with a literature study method. Data collection techniques through primary and secondary data. Data analysis techniques with data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions. The results showed that deregulation of barriers regulated by the Job Creation Law can have a positive impact on the growth of Indonesian palm oil exports. The reduction of non-tariff barriers regulated by the Job Creation Law provides an opportunity for North Sumatra Province to increase its palm oil exports. The Indonesian government through the Job Creation Law prioritizes investments that affect the economy rather than justice and the environment. This condition has the potential to increase deforestation and threaten the survival of communities in North Sumatra Province. It is important to reorganize better policies to maintain a balance between the economy and the environment.
Utilization of durian peel waste and young coconut waste into biobriquettes as a renewable energy source
Authors: Herlina N , Rahayu S A , Sari Y A , Monica H 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The increase in durian fruit production in Indonesia in 2021 by 19.40% and coconut fruit production by 1.47% which will be directly proportional to the increase in durian skin waste and young coconut waste produced. These wastes have not been optimally utilized so that their availability is quite a lot in the environment. Both wastes contain large amounts of cellulose, namely 50%-60%. The cellulose element will affect the carbon value so that with this content, waste and young coconut waste can be utilized as raw materials in making briquettes. This utilization is one of the efforts in utilizing waste into renewable energy sources. This study aims to obtain the best briquette characteristics from a mixture of durian peel charcoal with young coconut charcoal in accordance with the briquette characteristics in SNI 01-6235-2000, and to determine the economic value of briquettes. This research method was conducted experimentally, by mixing durian peel charcoal with young coconut charcoal as raw material for briquettes as many as six variations, namely (90% : 10%), (75% : 25%), (60% : 40%), (45% : 55%), (100% durian peel charcoal) and (100% young coconut charcoal). The results showed that sample 3 (60% : 40%) was the best briquette with the highest fix carbon value (72.81%), calorific value (22,124 J/gr or 5,284.23 cal/gr), moisture content (13.83%), volatile content (1.69%), ash content (11.67%) and compressive strength (0.752 kgf/cm2). The SEM test results showed a clean morphological structure of the briquettes with tight voids. The characteristics of biobriquettes produced through six briquette samples meet the standards of volatile content and calorific value of briquettes, and the moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon content, and compressive strength do not meet the characteristics of briquettes according to SNI 01-6235-2000.
Hot-pressing effect on the termite durability of sandwich particleboards from Styrax sumatrana and Gigantochloa pruriens
Authors: Iswanto A H , Tarmadi D , Subekti N , Yanti H , Cahyono T D , Syahidah  , Darwis A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
As a country known for its mega-biodiversity, Indonesia is included in the vulnerable area for wood-destroying organisms, especially termites. Particleboard, as a composite product made of lignocellulosic material, is a product vulnerable to termite attack. One factor that determines the quality of particleboard is the hot-pressing process. Temperature and pressing time are the parameters that play a role in the hot-pressing process. This study aims to analyze the effect of temperature and pressing time on the resistance of boards due to attack by subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren). Then the samples were fed to subterranean termites regarding SNI 01.7202-2006. Parameters observed included the percentage of termite weight loss and mortality. The results showed that Higher compressive temperatures lead to relatively better resistance, as lower weight loss values indicate. The boards produced from the hot-pressing process at 160°C for 10 minutes had the lowest weight loss value due to termite attack.
Community perceptions of the importance of land use types in Bukit Barisan Forest Park area
Authors: Affandi O , Batubara R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Bukit Barisan Forest Park (Tahura Bukit Barisan) is a protected forest area located in North Sumatra Province. It has enormous biodiversity potential in both flora and fauna. The dependence of local communities on forests and forest products from it is very high. This study aimed to find out the community perception of the importance of forest and land use and to know kinds of natural resources existed in Bukit Barisan Forest Park area, especially in Doulu Village, Brastagi Subdistrict and Jaranguda Village, Merdeka Subdistrict, Karo Regency. Multidisciplinary Landscape Assessment (MLA) method, a combination between Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Pebble Distribution Method (PDM) was used in this research. The results showed, the first is that “village” is the most important of land use types (for men and women) who has score 31.5 points (men) and 33.6 points (women). Villages are the first most important land use type because they are the economic, cultural, educational and social centres. Furthermore, forests are the second most important land type because they provide a place for people to obtain their daily needs by hunting, collecting non-timber forest products, and farming. Forests also maintain a water flow and support environmental sustainability.
Analysis of the feasibility of the Sei Bah Bolon rafting ecotourism object, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Ahmad A G , Purba N J , Harahap M M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ecotourism is an embodiment of tourism activities that are focused on nature conservation, development and social, cultural and economic empowerment of the local community in the Sei Bah Bolon Rafting Ecotourism area. In order to optimally develop ecotourism in the region, a strategy for planning, utilization, control, institutional strengthening and community empowerment is needed by taking into account social, economic, ecological principles and involving stakeholders. This study aims to identify potential tourism objects and assess the level of feasibility of developing ecotourism objects for Sei Bah Bolon River Rafting Ecotourism, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra Province. Data collection during the research was carried out by collecting data by direct observation and interviews. The variables analyzed in this study refer to the ADO-ODTWA Director General PHKA 2003 Guidelines for Analysis of Operational Areas of Natural Tourism Objects and Attractions and the Potential Development Strategy with the SWOT Matrix. The potential objects and attractions of the Sei Bah Bolon Rafting Ecotourism get a feasibility level with an index of 88.17% feasible to be developed into ecotourism.
Application of majapahit (Crescentia cujete L.) fruit extract to control armyworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius, 1775) infestation in Chinese mustard crops
Authors: Siahaan S I A , Elimasni  , Jumilawaty E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Spodoptera litura poses a threat to important crops in Indonesia, leading to productivity failure and economic repercussions. Botanical insecticides have garnered attention in crop cultivation due to their easy applicability and effectiveness against specific pests. In this study, the effectiveness of majapahit (Crescentia cujete), a popular medicinal plant, in reducing S. litura infestation was investigated through in planta test using Chinese mustard (Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis). The experiment followed a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments of C. cujete fruit extract at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80%, each replicated four times. Parameters observed in this study included the growth profile of mustard plants (plant height, number of plants, fresh weight), leaf damage index (LDI), and mortality after application for 30 days after planting. Results revealed a significant concentration-response relationship for both the LDI values and mortality rates. The determination of LC50 for C. cujete fruit extract yielded a value of 29%. The use of C. cujete as an insecticidal agent warrants promotion, and further investigation with a larger sample population and different target crops is necessary in the future.
Density profile and NIRs spectra of boron-densified wood at different compression ratios
Authors: Augustina S , Wahyudi I , Darmawan I W , Malik J , Mangurai S U N M , Nurmadina  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of pre-treatment and compression ratio (CR) on the enhancement of density in three wood species, specifically nyatoh (Palaquium spp.), pisang putih (Mezzettia spp.) and sepetir (Sindora spp.) cultivated in the North Kalimantan Province. The phenomenon occurred during those treatments was analyzed using X-ray Densitometer and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRs). The wood was subjected to a pre-treatment process involving hot immersion within 2 and 5% of boron solutions at 80 °C for 3 hours. Subsequently, a densification process was performed using hot press machine at 30 kg/cm2 of pressure and 160 °C of temperature for 15 minutes with 20% and 40% CR from the initial thickness. The findings indicated a significant increase in density values for densified wood in comparison to untreated wood. The density values for nyatoh, pisang putih, and sepetir exhibited increases of approximately 31.73%, 36.52%, and 35.04%, respectively. The application of a higher CR leads to a more substantial enhancement in wood density, with an increase of approximately 23.08-25.53% and 30.13-47.01% at 20% and 40% of CR, respectively. The density distribution across the thickness exhibited an M-shape gradient, which convinced the surface densification occurred during the process. NIRs spectra absorbance revealed a prominent peak at wavelength 2178 nm for untreated wood, whereas no such peak was observed in the boron-densified wood. This phenomenon associated with the degradation of hemicellulose during the subsequent treatment applied.
Effectiveness of cellulose acetate composite membrane with the addition of zeolite additives to reduce TDS levels in peat water using a cross-flow reactor
Authors: Turmuzi M , Khairani C , Rambe D S , Husin A , Nurfahasdi M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The need for clean water continues to increase along with population and industrial growth, which causes a water crisis. Quantitatively, peat water has the potential to be managed as a source of clean water using membrane filtration. This study aims to compare the composition of the cellulose acetate-zeolite composite membrane in reducing TDS levels in peat water using a cross-flow reactor. Cellulose acetate-zeolite composite membranes were prepared by phase inversion technique using 15 wt.% cellulose acetate (CA), with variations in zeolite concentration (5%; 10%; 15%; 20% and 25%), contact time (20, 40 and 60 minutes), the reactor pressure was 1.5 bar, and the TDS concentration in the feed water was 1,201 mg/L. Membrane characterization was done through morphological analysis using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and tensile test analysis. Membrane performance is determined through permselectivity and permeability testing. The results showed that the highest flux value was obtained on a 5% cellulose acetate-zeolite membrane at the 20th minute, namely 78.8 L/m2.hour. The best composition was obtained on a 25% cellulose acetate-zeolite membrane with a tensile strength value of 54.089 MPa and a rejection value of 92%. Morphological characterization showed that the pore size of the cellulose acetate-zeolite composite membrane decreased after use because TDS particles covered it.