bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of high‐Tg polymers via ROMP of oxanorbornene dicarboximides with halogen groups
Authors: Çetinkaya Sevil , Bayram Rifat 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis of exo‐N‐phenyl‐7‐oxanorbornene‐5, 6‐dicarboximides with different substituents at para positions in the aromatic ring and their polymerization by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) leading to high‐Tg polymers. Exo‐N‐4‐chlorophenyl‐7‐oxanorbornene‐5,6‐dicarboximide (ClPhONDI, 3a), exo‐N‐4‐bromophenyl‐7‐oxanorbornene‐5,6‐dicarbo‐ ximide (BrPhONDI, 3b), and exo‐N‐4‐iodophenyl‐7‐oxanorbornene‐5,6‐dicarboximide (IPhONDI, 3c) monomers were synthesized. Polynorbornene dicarboximides were obtained via ROMP using a first‐generation ruthenium alkylidene catalyst, Cl2PCy3)2Ru(CHPh). The resulting amorphous polymers with trans configuration of the double bonds were characterized by NMR, SEM, DSC, and GPC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:36–43, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20576
Is representative elementary area defined by a simple mixing of variable small streams in headwater catchments?
Authors: Asano Yuko , Uchida Taro 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe spatial variability of hydrology may decrease with an increase in catchment area as a result of mixing of numerous small‐scale hydrological conditions. At some point, it is possible that a threshold area, the representative elementary area (REA), can be identified beyond which an average hydrologic response occurs. This hypothesis has been tested mainly via numerical simulations, with only a few field studies involving simple mixing. We tested this premise quantitatively using dissolved silica (SiO2) concentrations at 96 locations that included zero‐order hollow discharges through sixth‐order streams, collected under low‐flow conditions within the 4·27‐km2 Fudoji catchment. The catchment possesses a simple topography consisting almost solely of hillslopes and stream channels, uniform bedrock geology, soil type and land use in the Tanakami Mountains in central Japan. Dissolved SiO2 provides a useful tracer in hydrological studies insofar as it is responsive to flowpath depth on hillslopes of uniform geology. Our results demonstrate that even in a catchment with an almost homogeneous geology and simple topography, dissolved SiO2 concentrations in zero‐order hollow discharges largely varied in space and they became similar among sampling locations with area of more than 10−1–100 km2. Relationships between stream order and standard deviation of SiO2 concentration closely matched the theoretical predictions from simple mixing of random fields. That is, our field data supported the existence of the REA and showed that the REA was produced by the simple mixing of numerous small‐scale hydrological conditions. The study emphasizes the need to consider both the heterogeneous nature of small‐scale hydrology and the landscape structure when assessing the characteristics of catchment runoff. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and thermodynamics of glucoamylase inhibition by lactate during fermentable sugar production from food waste
Authors: Qiang Wang Xiao , Hui Wang Qun , Ying Liu Ying , Zhi Ma Hong , Ming Wang Xu 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Glucoamylase hydrolysis is a key step in the bioconversion of food waste with complicated composition. This work investigated the effect of lactate on glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger UV‐60, and inhibition mechanisms of glucoamylase by lactate during food waste hydrolysis.RESULTS: For 125 min hydrolysis of food waste (10%, dry basis), reducing sugars produced in the absence of lactate were 15%, 26% and 56% more than those produced in the presence of 24 g L−1 lactate at 60, 50 and 40 °C, respectively. Kinetic study showed that the type of glucoamylase inhibition by lactate was competitive, and Km (Michaelis‐Menten constent), Vmax (maximum initial velocity), KI (inhibition constant) were 103.2 g L−1, 5.0 g L−1 min−1, 100.6 g L−1, respectively, for food waste hydrolysis at 60 °C and pH 4.6. Lactate also accelerated glucoamylase denaturation significantly. Activation energy of denaturation without inhibitor was 61% greater than that of denaturation with inhibitor (24 g L−1 lactate). Half‐lives (t1/2) without inhibitor were 7.6, 2.7, 2.6, 1.7 and 1.2 times longer than those with inhibitor at temperature 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 °C, respectively.CONCLUSION: These results are helpful to process optimization of saccharification and bioconversion of food waste. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
A full‐scale trickling filter for the simultaneous removal of ammonium, iron and manganese from potable water
Authors: Tekerlekopoulou Athanasia G. , Papazafiris Panagiotis G. D. , Vayenas Dimitris V. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAmmonium, iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide are a serious problem for water reservoirs all over the world. The aim of this work was the design, construction and operation of a full‐scale trickling filter for the simultaneous removal of the above pollutants. The long‐term removal efficiency and the effect of environmental and operating conditions on filter performance were studied. Start‐up time of the filter was minimized using as inoculum backwash water from an existing pilot‐scale plant, while natural advection was adequate to provide sufficient aeration. Redox potential variation throughout the filter depth enhanced simultaneous removal of the pollutants. Under steady operating conditions the filter presented perfect performance, while under pollutant concentration and/or hydraulic loading shocks the filter retained high removal efficiency. Seasonal or daily temperature variations did not affect filter performance since raw water temperature was constant at 20 °C. The proposed system exhibited high pollutant removal rates for all hydraulic and pollutant loadings tested, under various environmental conditions. The simplicity of the installation and the minimal operating cost provide an effective solution to a serious environmental and social problem. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Mycorrhizal colonization and grain Cd concentration of field‐grown durum wheat in response to tillage, preceding crop and phosphorus fertilization
Authors: Gao Xiaopeng , Akhter Fardausi , Tenuta Mario , Flaten Donald N , Gawalko Eugene J , Grant Cynthia A 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: A 3‐year field trial was conducted to investigate the effect of agricultural management practices including tillage, preceding crop and phosphate fertilization on root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and grain cadmium (Cd) concentration of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). The relationship between grain Cd and soil and plant variables was explored to determine the primary factors affecting grain Cd concentration.RESULTS: Mycorrhizal colonization of the roots was reduced by conventional tillage or when the preceding crop was canola (Brassica napus L.), compared to minimum tillage or when the preceding crop was flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). In contrast, grain Cd was not consistently affected by any treatment. Grain Cd was generally below the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of 100 µg Cd kg−1 proposed by WHO. Grain Cd varied substantially from year to year, and could be predicted with 70% of variance accounted for by using the model: grain Cd concentration = − 321.9 + 44.5× ln(grain yield) + 0.26× soil DTPA‐Cd + 182.5× soil electrical conductivity (EC)− 0.98× grain Zn concentration.CONCLUSIONS: These common agricultural management practices had no effect on grain Cd concentration in durum wheat though they impacted mycorrhizal colonization of roots. Grain yield and to a lesser extent soil conditions of EC and DTPA‐Cd and grain Zn influenced grain Cd, whereas mycorrhizal colonization levels did not. Copyright © 2010 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Effects of the β‐glycosidase reaction on bio‐conversion of isoflavones and quality during tofu processing
Authors: Ryu Young‐Gi , Won Bomi , Park Hae‐Ryung , Ghafoor Kashif , Park Jiyong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Isoflavones are the most common group of phytoestrogens which are present in significantly large amounts in soybean and soy products such as tofu. Isoflavones occur naturally in glycoside forms having lower bioavailability than their aglycone forms. β‐Glycosidase acts as a bio‐catalyst for the conversion of isoflavone glycosides to isoflavone aglycones, raising the bioavailability of isoflavones; therefore, it can be used to improve the quality of tofu. We need to establish process conditions for the optimal outcome of the enzyme reaction in tofu.RESULTS: By using the β‐glycosidase (0.02% w/v) reaction at 55 °C for 30 min, a maximum 84.5% conversion of isoflavone glycoside to isoflavone aglycone was obtained. The enzyme reaction caused no significant effects on the sensory acceptability of soft tofu. The hardness of enzyme‐treated hard tofu increased with the coagulant amount whereas prolonged heating resulted in decrease of hardness. Incorporation of enzyme reaction before the coagulation process during soft tofu processing provided a sufficient bio‐conversion of isoflavones at optimal conditions.CONCLUSION: β‐Glycosidase can be effectively used for the bioconversion of isoflavones in soft tofu manufacturing process at optimal reaction conditions before the onset of coagulation process. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Strukturen und ihr Wandel: Was uns Kernspins erzählen
Authors: Buntkowsky Gerd , Breitzke Hergen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn den letzten zehn Jahren hat sich die Festkörper‐NMR‐Spektroskopie von einer eher exotischen Technik hin zu einem der wichtigsten Verfahren zur Strukturuntersuchung ungeordneter Festkörper entwickelt. Auch die Analyse der Dynamik im Festkörper und Untersuchungen von Grenzflächeneigenschaften nano‐ und mesostrukturierter Systeme sind mit ihr möglich.
Alternative Rohstoffversorgung
Authors: Bulmahn Maren , Guggolz Ernst 
Published: February 2010

AbstractInfraleuna im mitteldeutschen Chemiedreieck möchte chemische Produkte, die auf lokaler Biotechnik und lokaler Braunkohle basieren, in die existierenden Wertschöpfungsketten einschleusen. Daraus soll eine Produktion entstehen, die unabhängiger von Erdöl und Erdgas über die Zeit des globalen Ölfördermaximums hinausreicht.
Kompaktes, NMR‐gestütztes Kapillarrheometer
Authors: Hardy Edme H. , Mertens Dirk , Hochstein Bernhard , Nirschl Hermann 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEin NMR‐gestütztes Kapillarrheometer mit Permanentmagneten detektiert die Geschwindigkeitshäufigkeitsverteilung einer strömenden Flüssigkeit. Daraus ergibt sich das Geschwindigkeitsprofil und so die die scherratenabhängige Viskosität.
Entsorgung sichern — Kreisläufe schließen
Authors: Bornewasser Ulrich 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMit eigenen Anlagen und mit Kooperationspartnern sichert Currenta die Entsorgung und die Reststoffverwertung im Chempark. So tragen Bayer Schering Pharma zur Wiederaufbereitung von Lösemitteln und Iod bei, Lanxess zur Schwefelsäurerückgewinnung und Currenta zum Recycling von Metallen und Kunststoffen.
Standortvorteil Engineering
Authors: Kramer Pierre 
Published: February 2010

AbstractInfrastrukturleistungen und ein gutes Flächenangebot gehören in deutschen Chemieparks zum Standard. Wie Infraserv Knapsack die Prozesse der Kunden durch Engineering‐Lösungen voranbringt, zeigen die Beispiele von Bayer Cropscience und Vinnolit.
Nichtlineare Oszillationsexperimente
Authors: Nowak Maik 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn Oszillationsexperimenten mit großer Deformationsamplitude (Laos) verhalten sich viskoelastische Fluide wesentlich realitätsnäher als in Experimenten, die normalerweise rheologisches Material‐ verhalten beschreiben. Dies verdeutlicht das Beispiel Hyaluronsäure, die in Gelenken schmierende und dämpfende Funktion übernimmt.
Die Mitteldeutsche Chemieregion: Wie Phönix aus der Asche
Authors: Bürger Nicole , Moll Rainer , Gerhartz Wolfgang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEinen Chemiestandort zu präsentieren, der sich im Laufe der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte stark entwickelt hat, das ist das Ziel beim dritten Jahrestreffen der Seniorexperten Chemie (SEC). Im mitteldeutschen Chemie‐Dreieck findet die SEC‐Tagung vom 3. bis 5. Juni in Bitterfeld‐Wolfen statt.
Stability of information‐sharing alliances in a three‐level supply chain
Authors: Sošić Greys 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn their recent article, Leng and Parlar (L&P) (2009) analyze information‐sharing alliances in a three‐level supply chain (consisting of a manufacturer, a distributor, and a retailer) that faces a nonstationary end demand. Supply chain members can share demand information, which reduces information distortion and thus decreases their inventory holding and shortage costs. We expand the results from L&P by considering dynamic (farsighted) stability concepts. We use two different allocation rules and show that under some reasonable assumptions there should always be some information sharing in this supply chain. We also identify conditions under which the retailer in a stable outcome shares his demand information with the distributor, with the manufacturer, or with both remaining supply chain members. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
Mechanical and shape‐memory behavior of shape‐memory polymer composites with hybrid fillers
Authors: Lu Haibao , Yu Kai , Sun Shouhua , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractShape‐memory polymer (SMP) materials have several drawbacks such as low strength, low stiffness and natural insulating tendencies, which seriously limit their development and applications. Much effort has been made to improve their mechanical properties by adding particle or fiber fillers to reinforce the polymer matrix. However, this often leads to the mechanical properties being enhanced slightly, but the shape‐memory effect of reinforced SMP composites being drastically reduced. The experimental results reported here suggested that the mechanical resistive loading and thermal conductivity of a composite (with hybrid filler content of 7.0 wt%) were improved by 160 and 200%, respectively, in comparison with those of pure bulk SMP. Also, the glass transition temperature of the composite was enhanced to 57.28 °C from the 46.38 °C of a composite filled with 5.5 wt% hybrid filler, as determined from differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Finally, the temperature distribution and recovery behavior of specimens were recorded with infrared video in a recovery test, where a 28 V direct current circuit was applied. The effectiveness of carbon black and short carbon fibers being incorporated into a SMP with shape recovery activated by electricity has been demonstrated. These hybrid fillers were explored to improve the mechanical and conductive properties of bulk SMP. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Tetraacetyl‐dibenzyl‐hexaazaisowurtzitane Nitrosation – Studies on Scale‐up Synthesis of HNIW
Authors: Maksimowski Paweł , Fabijańska Agnieszka , Adamiak Joanna 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA study made on 2,4,6,8‐tetraacetyl‐10,12‐dibenzyl‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (TADBIW) nitrosation in acetic acid to 2,4,6,8‐tetraacetyl‐10,12‐dinitroso‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNOIW) allows the reaction time to be considerably shortened. During the study, the reaction yield was found to be affected by variables such as temperature, time and UV radiation. The major factor controlling the reaction rate was found to be the concentration of NO2 molecules in the reaction mixture. Under optimal conditions the product is obtained in a 90–93% yield after 6 h of the reaction conducted at 70 °C. UV radiation increases the reaction rate, yet the product obtained is of inferior purity on account of the by‐product formed.
First‐order phase transition between one‐third magnetization plateau states in an anisotropic (S, S′) = (1, 2) spin‐alternating chain
Authors: Tonegawa Takashi , Okamoto Kiyomi , Sakai Tôru 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn recent studies we find that three kinds of magnetization plateaux appear at one‐third of the saturation magnetization in the ground‐state magnetization curve of an anisotropic (S, S′) = (1, 2) spin‐alternating chain, in which S = 1 and S′ = 2 spins with on‐site anisotropies are alternatingly arranged and coupled antiferromagnetically. One of these plateaux is a quantum plateau, while the other two are classical plateaux. We here show that the first‐order phase transition between the two classical one‐third plateau states occurs when the on‐site anisotropy for the S = 1 spin is of easy‐axis type and its magnitude is sufficiently large. We numerically determine the phase transition line for this first‐order transition and briefly discuss the origin of its occurrence.
Diagnosis of quantum criticality by nuclear spin‐echo decay method
Authors: Kambe S. , Sakai H. , Tokunaga Y. , Chudo H. , Walstedt R. E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe Gaussian spin–spin relaxation time T2G, as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin‐echo decay measurements, is found to be useful for diagnosis of quantum critical behaviour in heavy‐fermion systems. Combining T2G with the spin–lattice relaxation time T1, the exponent ϕ of the quantity $T_1 T/T_{2G}^2 \sim T^\phi$ is predicted to be sensitive to the type of quantum criticality in the system concerned. In fact, in the heavy‐fermion system USn3 near the quantum critical point, $T_1 T/T_{2G}^2$ is found to be constant, as expected for a 3D‐SDW magnetic instability.
Studies of inertio‐gravity waves on midlatitude beta‐plane without the traditional approximation
Authors: Kasahara Akira , Gary John M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe role of the Rossby parameter β due to the meridional variation of the Coriolis parameter f is investigated for inertio‐gravity waves in midlatitudes based on a linear Boussinesq model without the traditional approximation, namely including the role of the horizontal component of the Coriolis vector of the Earth's rotation. Without the β‐effect, it is well established that the non‐traditional Coriolis effects give rise to an additional mode of inertio‐gravity (IG) waves whose frequencies are slightly smaller than the local Coriolis frequency f unlike the traditional IG‐mode whose frequencies are larger than f. The addition of the β‐effect modifies the properties of the sub‐inertial and super‐inertial IG‐modes. These modifications are examined by calculating the model normal modes for a given vertical profile of the buoyancy frequency N. Inclusion of the β‐effect yields the external and internal Rossby modes in addition to the IG‐modes. Presence of the external Rossby mode in this model is a new result, since it does not occur in the traditional version with β nor in the non‐traditional version without β. The normal‐mode properties, including wave frequencies and eigenfunctions, are presented for various values of N. The normal‐mode analysis is complemented by the initial‐value approach to study the evolution of waves generated by forcing. The results of numerical time‐integrations of wave generation in the ocean forced by atmospheric disturbances and by the interaction of tidal flows with bottom topography are presented to reveal a notable role of β for the IG‐waves. Application to atmospheric problems is proposed. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The first case of mitochondrial acetoacetyl‐CoA thiolase deficiency identified by expanded newborn metabolic screening in Italy: the importance of an integrated diagnostic approach
Authors: Catanzano Francesca , Ombrone Daniela , Di Stefano Cristina , Rossi Anna , Nosari Norberto , Scolamiero Emanuela , Tandurella Igor , Frisso Giulia , Parenti Giancarlo , Ruoppolo Margherita , Andria Generoso , Salvatore Francesco 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA pilot expanded newborn screening programme to detect inherited metabolic disorders by means of liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) began in the Campania region, southern Italy, in 2007. By October 2009, >8,800 dried blood samples on filter paper from 11 hospitals had been screened. Within this screening programme, we identified a case of mitochondrial acetoacetyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) thiolase deficiency [β‐ketothiolase (β‐KT) deficiency] by analysing the acylcarnitine profile from a dried blood spot with LC‐MS/MS. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis of urinary organic acids and LC‐MS/MS analysis of urinary acylcarnitines were in line with this disorder. In fact, concentrations were well beyond the cut‐off values of tiglyl carnitine, 3‐hydroxybutyrylcarnitine and 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxybutyric acid and tiglyl glycine. The absence of 2‐methylacetoacetic acid in urine may be attributed to: (i) the instability of this β‐ketoacid because it undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation to 2‐butanone, which is highly volatile and thus difficult to detect, and (ii) the good health of the patient in the first days of life. β‐KT deficiency was subsequently diagnosed in the patient's older sister, who showed increased levels of the same metabolites but also small amounts of 2‐methylacetoacetic acid, which is considered a key marker for β‐KT diagnosis. Genomic analysis revealed mutation c.1189C >G in exon 12 of the ACAT1 gene, which results in a severe defect because of the p.H397D amino acid change in both alleles of both patients.
Chorionic villi ultrastructure in the prenatal diagnosis of glycogenosis type II
Authors: San Millan Beatriz , Teijeira Susana , Domínguez Carmen , Vieitez Irene , Navarro Carmen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo perform the ultrastructural examination of a chorionic villi biopsy as a predictor of foetal involvement in the infantile form of glycogenosis type II (Pompe disease).MethodsUltrastructural, biochemical and genetic analyses were performed on chorionic villi biopsies of three consecutive pregnancies in a woman with a previous child affected by Pompe disease.ResultsIn the only affected foetus, glycogen storage was observed in fibrocytes and endothelial cells of a chorionic villi sample at 11 week's gestation. Severe multi‐organ involvement was demonstrated in the tissues of the aborted foetus. No abnormal material was found in the chorionic samples of two subsequent pregnancies, and a healthy boy and girl were born at term and remain unaffected. Both exhibited a partial reduction in acid maltase and were carriers of the maternal mutation.ConclusionsUltrastructural findings correlated with biochemical and genetic results, providing a clear and early indicator of the definite diagnosis for future pregnancy management or an early therapeutic approach.