bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulasi Essence Sheet Mask Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Bidara (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) dan Madu Trigona sp. Sebagai Anti-Acne
Authors: Suwandi Ahmad , Kustiawan Paula Mariana 
Published: May 2024

Bidara leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids which have antibacterial activity. Apart from bidara leaves, another natural ingredient that has antibacterial activity is Trigona sp honey. The aim of this research is to create an essence sheet mask formulation combining bidara leaves extract and Trigona sp honey with FI (1%: 5%), FII (3%: 3%), FIII (5%: 1%). Then evaluation test was carried out: organoleptic (color, aroma, shape), homogeneity, pH, room temperature stability, viscosity, and antibacterial determination with Propionibacterium acnes. The results of pH measurements at FII and FIII showed stable results. The physical stability test of the essence preparation was stable in room temperature. Antibacterial activity test at FI 16.1 mm, FII 17.3 mm, and FIII 13.5 mm in the strong category. Essence sheet mask formulation blended with bidara leaves extract and Trigona sp honey is stable and has antibacterial activity against P. acnes.

Keywords: Formulation, Bidara, Kelulut Honey, Mask, Anti-acne

Abstrak
Daun bidara mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti saponin, tanin, alkaloid dan flavonoid yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Selain daun bidara bahan alam lain yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri adalah madu Trigona sp. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat formulasi essence sheet mask kombinasi ekstrak daun bidara dan madu Trigona sp. dengan FI (1%:5%), FII (3%:3%), FIII (5%:1%). Kemudian dilakukan evaluasi sediaan secara organoleptis (warna, aroma, bentuk), uji homogenitas, pH, stabilitas suhu ruang, viskositas, dan uji antibakteri dengan Propionibacterium acnes. Hasil pengukuran pH pada FII dan FIII menunjukkan hasil yang stabil. Hasil uji stabilitas fisik sediaan essence memenuhi syarat dalam penyimpanan suhu ruangan. Uji aktivitas antibakteri pada FI 16,1 mm, FII 17,3 mm, dan FIII 13,5 mm dengan kategori kuat. Formulasi essence sheet mask blended ekstrak daun bidara dan madu Trigona sp. dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan essence sheet mask yang stabil dan memenuhi syarat serta memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap P. acnes.

Kata Kunci: Formulasi, Bidara, Madu kelulut, Masker, Anti-acne
Uji Aktivitas Fibrinolitik Ekstrak dan Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix) dengan Metode Clot Lysis
Authors: Wahyuningsih Priskila , Indrayanti Ana , Leviana Fransiska 
Published: May 2024

Kaffir lime leaves (Citrus hystrix) come from the Rutaceae juss family. Kaffir lime leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, alkaloids and essential oils. In this study, kaffir lime leaf extracts and fractions were made into 3 concentrations, namely 5, 10, and 20 mg/mL. This study aims to determine the fibrinolytic activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water extracts and fractions using the clot lysis method. Fibrinolytic activity can be seen from the lysis of blood clots in the eppendorf tube. Kaffir lime leaf extracts and fractions were tested for chemical content to determine the compounds contained therein that have fibrinolytic activity. The results showed that the extract and fractions of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water had fibrinolytic activity. The most active sample that had fibrinolytic activity was the ethyl acetate fraction with a blood clot lysis percentage of 89.80% at a concentration of 20 mg/mL. Compounds that are thought to have fibrinolytic activity contained in the ethyl acetate fraction as the most active sample are flavonoids, saponins and essential oils.

Keywords: clot lysis, kaffir lime leaves, fibrinolytic, fraction

Abstrak
Daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix) berasal dari famili Rutaceae juss. Daun jeruk purut memiliki kandungan flavonoid, saponin, tanin, triterpenoid, alkaloid, dan minyak atsiri. Pada penelitian ini ekstrak dan fraksi daun jeruk purut dibuat menjadi 3 konsentrasi yaitu 5, 10, dan 20 mg/mL. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas fibrinolitik ekstrak dan fraksi n-heksana, etil asetat, dan air dengan metode clot lysis. Aktivitas fibrinolitik dilihat dari lisisnya gumpalan darah pada tabung eppendorf. Ekstrak dan fraksi daun jeruk purut dilakukan pengujian kandungan kimia untuk mengetahui senyawa yang terkandung didalamnya yang memiliki aktivitas fibrinolitik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dan fraksi n-heksana, etil asetat dan air memiliki aktivitas fibrinolitik. Sampel teraktif yang memiliki aktivitas fibrinolitik yaitu pada fraksi etil asetat dengan persentase lisis gumpalan darah sebesar 89,80% pada konsentrasi 20 mg/mL. Senyawa yang diduga memiliki aktivitas fibrinolitik yang terdapat di dalam fraksi etil asetat sebagai sampel teraktif yaitu flavonoid, saponin, dan minyak atsiri.

Kata Kunci: clot lysis, daun jeruk purut, fibrinolitik, fraksi
Stabilitas Kimia Nanoemulsi Gel Kombinasi Eugenol dan Sitronellal
Authors: Fitria Wahda , Saputri Fadlina Chany , Jufri Mahdi 
Published: May 2024

Clove oil and lemongrass essential oil can be formulated into Nanoemulsion Gel preparations as topical preparations for the skin. This Nanoemulsion Gel preparation is formulated by first making a nanoemulsion preparation, which is then made into a Nanoemulsion Gel preparation by dispersing the nanoemulsion into a gel that has been made with active ingredients from clove oil and lemongrass essential oil. The gel nanoemulsion preparation was then analyzed for the stability of its chemical components using GC-MS. The results of analysis using GC-MS obtained that a Nanoemulsion Gel preparation formulated from clove oil and lemongrass oil was chemically stable.

Keywords: Nanoemulsion gel preparation, Chemical stability, GC-MS

Abstrak
Minyak atsiri cengkeh dan minyak atsiri sereh dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan nanoemulsi gel sebagai sediaan topikal pada kulit. Sediaan nanoemulsi gel ini diformulasikan dengan terlebih dahulu membuat sediaan nanoemulsi, yang selanjutnya dibuat menjadi sediaan nanoemulsi gel dengan mendispersikan nanoemulsi ke dalam gel yang telah dibuat dengan bahan aktif dari minyak atsiri cengkeh dan minyak atsiri sereh. Sediaan nanoemulsi gel kemudian dianalisis stabilitas komponen kimianya dengan menggunakan GC-MS. Hasil analisis menggunakan GC-MS diperoleh sediaan nanoemulsi gel yang diformulasikan dari minyak cengkeh dan minyak sereh cukup stabil secara kimia.

Kata Kunci: sediaan Nanoemulsi Gel, stabilitas Kimia, GC-MS
Optimalisasi Kinerja Pengolahan Sampah di Kecamatan Indralaya, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Dianita Tri , Fitriani Heni , Wardhani Puteri Kusuma 
Published: May 2024

[ID] Sampah merupakan sisa kegiatan manusia yang harus dikelola dengan baik agar tidak menimbulkan permasalahan bagi kehidupan manusia atau lingkungan. Pengelolaan sampah yang tidak berbasisi 3R, minimnya armada angkutan, serta banyak terdapat tempat pembuangan sampah ilegal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja serta mengoptimalisasi kinerja pengelolaan sampah di Kecamatan Indralaya, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir. Jumlah penduduk di Kecamatan Indralaya mencapai 20.913 jiwa pada tahun 2022. Pengukuran pengelolaan sampah meliputi aspek operasional, kelembagaan, pembiayaan, regulasi, dan partisipasi masyarakat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kinerja pengelolaan sampah kepada total 100 responden di Kecamatan Indralaya, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir. Kuesioner terdiri dari 5 kategori variabel dan 18 item subvariabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja pengelolaan sampah dipengaruhi oleh peralatan pengangkutan dan pengolahan sampah. Keterbatasan ini sangat berpengaruh sehingga perlunya memperbanyak jumlah armada serta waktu ritasi pengangkutan dilaksakanan tidak pada jam padat kendaraan seperti pagi hari dan di sore hari. Kinerja pengelolaan sampah di Kecamatan Indralaya, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, diperlukan strategi pengumpulan sampah berbasis 3R (Reuse Reduce Recycle) agar sampah yang ada bisa dioptimalkan dengan baik, untuk menciptakan kondisi yang strategis dan efisien.
[EN] Waste is the remaining part of human activities that must be managed properly to avoid problems for human life or the environment. Waste management is not based on 3R, there is a lack of transportation fleet, and there are many illegal waste dumps. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence performance and optimize waste management performance in Indralaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency. The population in the Indralaya Sub-district reached 20,913 people in 2022. Waste management measurement includes operational, institutional, financing, regulatory, and community participation aspects. Data were collected by distributing waste management performance questionnaires to a total of 100 respondents in the Ogan Ilir District. The questionnaire consisted of 5 categories of variables and 18 sub-variable items. The results of the study showed that waste management performance was influenced by waste transportation and processing equipment. This limitation is very influential so that it is necessary to increase the number of fleets and carry out transportation routine times not during busy vehicle hours such as in the morning and in the afternoon. The performance of waste management in Indralaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency, requires a 3R (Reuse Reduce Recycle) based waste collection strategy so that existing waste can be optimized properly, to create strategic and efficient conditions.
قياس الأثر ومدى رضا اصحاب المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة المستفيدة من خدمات الدعم التي قدمتها المؤسسة الاردنية المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة (JEDCO) خلال الفترة (2016-2022)
Authors: الصلاحين أسامة سليمان , الزبيدي أمين سليمان , شموط أمين أسامة 
Published: May 2024

هدفت الدراسة الى قياس مستوى رضا المستفيدين من برامج الدعم المقدمة من المؤسسة الأردنية لتطوير المشاريع الاقتصادية وربط ذلك بالأثر من حيث الزيادة في كل من (الطاقة الإنتاجية، التشغيل، المبيعات، الصادرات) للمستفيدين خلال الفترة (2016-2022) ، حيث تم الحصول على عناوين وارقام هواتف لنحو (250) مستفيد من البرامج الداعمة (عدد 13 برنامج) التي تقدمها المؤسسة الأردنية لتطوير المشاريع الاقتصادية في الأردن خلال الفترة الزمنية 2016 -2022، حيث تم توزيع الاستبيان على المستفيدين ، وقد استجاب نحو (110) مستفيد، تم اعتماد المنهج الوصفي في تحليل بيانات الدراسة ، كما تم التحليل باستخدام حزمة برمجية " SPSS " للعلوم الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، كما تم الاعتماد في هذه الدراسة على 5 محاور في قياس الرضا وهي (محور جودة التجهيزات، محور الاعتمادية، محور السهولة وسرعة الاستجابة، محور الثقة والأمان، محور كادر المؤسسة)،تبحث الدراسة في معرفة الأثر المتحقق من خدمات الدعم المقدمة الى المستفيدين من برامج المؤسسة حيث تأتي أهمية الدراسة من أهمية القطاع المبحوث وهو قطاع المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة ، توصلت الدراسة الى وجود علاقة ترابطية في تحقيق الزيادة في(الانتاج ،الايرادات، التشغيل ، الصادرات) وبين فقرات (مستوى الرضا عموما) ،كما توصلت الدراسة الى ان نسبة المستفيدين الذين اجابوا ان سبب الزيادة في الصادرات يعود للبرامج المقدمة من المؤسسة (87%) و نسبة المستفيدين الذين اجابوا ان سبب الزيادة في التشغيل يعود للبرامج المقدمة من المؤسسة (90%)و نسبة المستفيدين الذين اجابوا ان سبب الزيادة في المبيعات يعود للبرامج المقدمة من المؤسسة (91%)و نسبة المستفيدين الذين اجابوا ان سبب الزيادة في الانتاج يعود للبرامج المقدمة من المؤسسة (95%) بلغت كما توصلت الدراسة ومن خلال المقارنة بين المحاور 5 التي تم استعراضها سابقا تبين تصدر محور (الثقة والأمان) بالمركز الأول محققا 85.8% .
Predictive Value of Blood Glucose as an Independent Risk factor for Progression/ Mortality in Acute Coronary Syndrome.
Authors: Bilal Ahmed , Sindhu Gazanfar Ali , Qureshi Fraz Saeed , Iqbal Javed 
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:This study was designed to assess the prognostic significance of hyperglycemia in Acute Coronary Syndromes. BACKGROUND:Most studies that have examined this fact before were performed in patient with Acute Myocardial Infarction.of those with diabetes glucose levels were 198 mg/dl in 11 patients (Group 3) and > 198 mg/dl in 27 patients (Group 4). Compare with Group 1 patients, the odds ratios ( 95% confidence interval) for in hospital progression/mortality among those in Group 2, 3 and 4 were 2.64 (1.32 to 4.52; p = .001), 1.63 (98 to 3.52; p = .035), and 1.88 (1.29 to 3.45; p = .012), respectively. These groups also have greater 2 months progression/mortality.
Intensification of reproduction of a highly productive dairy cattle herd
Authors: Ekhorutomwen Otamere Teddyson 
Published: May 2024

The research work was carried out in a breeding facility for dairy cattle breeding with a milk yield per cow of 10,564 kg and a reproduction level of 96.6 %. Semen of Holstein bulls was used for reproduction. At dry-off pregnant cows were immunized against a range of bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases. After birth, the calves were injected with vitamin E and selenium, dectomax and gradually immunized against common infections. Data on 922 heifers were included in the analysis, including 192 obtained through inseminating cows with sexed semen. Heifers were inseminated at 13–15 months of age. Fertility rate after the first insemination was 67.4 %, calving at the age of (710 ± 2) days. Early calving and balanced feeding ensured high milk yields in full lactation and standard period – on average 9401 and 8854 kg of milk with the fat mass fraction of 4.32 %, protein of 3.38 % and the number of somatic cells of 73 thousand/ml. After calving, the first insemination was carried out on average in 82.6 days, the efficiency was 61.8 %, the insemination index was 1.60, the service period averaged to 107.5 days. When using sexed semen, the fertility rate after the 1st insemination was the same – 67.7 %. The age at calving in animals of the Vis Ideal line was 20 days more compared to their peers of the R. Sovereign line (722 versus 702 days, P < 0.05). Milk yield in full lactation and its standard period were higher in animals of the R. Sovereign line – 9304 and 8890 kg versus 8753 and 8461 kg, which indicates the positive effect of early calving on animal productivity. Early calving of heifers is a necessary condition for a highly productive herd. The results of the research are recommended to be used not only at dairy farms of the Republic of Belarus, but also in other countries with developing dairy cattle breeding.
Analysis of The Heavy Metal Cd Content in Ricefield Eel from Rawa Taliwang Lake, West Sumbawa Regency
Authors: Khairuddin  , Yamin M. , Kusmiyati  
Published: May 2024

It is important to carry out research on heavy metal in fish body. The specific aims and targets of this research are: Want to know the metal content of Cadmium (Cd) in Ricefield eels (Monopterus albus) which comes from Rawa Taliwang Lake. The specific benefit is to protect consumers who consume fish from heavy metal contamination. The research was carried out at Rawa Taliwang Lake, namely in an area that is submerged in water. There are 2 research stations, namely in the eastern and western parts of the lake. Data collection method was carried out using traps (Bubu). Four Ricefield eel samples were taken at each station. Next, the rice eel samples were put into a plastic bag and then stored in a sample box. The research samples were then analyzed at the Mataram Uviversity analytical laboratory and at Environmental Laboratory of the Environmental and forestry services West Nusa Tenggara Province. The data analysis method is carried out by taking the tissues from the Ricefield eel muscles, and then analyzed for Cd heavy metal content by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Measurement of heavy metals in Ricefield eel tissue was carried out by adding concentrated HNO3 and HClO4 , heated at a temperature of 60-70ºC for 2-3 hours until the solution was clear. Samples are ready to be measured with AAS using an air-acetylene flame. The conclusion of this research is that the content of Cd heavy metal in Ricefield Eels (Monopterus albus) originating from Rawa Taliwang Lake ranges from 2.55 - 4.01 mg/kg (ppm).
Humanism during the COVID-19 pandemic: video call as a strategy to satisfy the communication needs of Intensive Care Unit patients and their family members.
Authors: Michelle Grunauer  , Ortega Fernando , Yepez Paola , Jibaja Manuel , Icaza-Freire Andrea P. , Velez Jorge W , Arboleda Mario F , García María F 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Patients affected by the COVID-19 pandemic required physical/social isolation due to the transmissibility of SARs CoV-2; those hospitalized in healthcare facilities often suffered loneliness due to a complete separation from their loved ones through visitor restrictions.(1) Human contact and movement were restricted to contain the spread of disease. When this kind of restriction must be employed, the “Guidance for Managing Ethical Issues in Infectious Disease Outbreaks”, states that it is necessary to provide people with “effective alternative communication strategies”. (2)
Methods: This is an observational descriptive study that uses qualitative variables to analyze information obtained by virtual focus groups consisting of either medical professionals or family members of hospitalized patients in the ICU of the Eugenio Espejo Hospital (EEH) in Quito, Ecuador. Each video call allowed us to assess anonymous opinions concerning communication methods utilized during the delivery of daily clinical updates in the ICU.
By focusing on a patient-and family-centered model, this study aims to minimize the impact of social isolation in hospitalized patients through the implementation of regular doctor-led video conference calls with family members, as well as video calls between the patient and family members when feasible.(1)
Results: This study evaluates the increased satisfaction of family members and medical professionals with the implementation of video calls when compared to traditional telephone calls. A contrast between the time before implementing the telehealth team and the time afterward was observed in at least five positive characteristics: 1) the general telehealth experience, 2) the clarity of the messages, 3) the quality of care, 4) the sense of comfort, and 5) the improvement of communication.
Conclusions: There was a positive effect on communication quality for both family members and medical professionals, increasing their satisfaction in terms of finding new methods to reduce the social isolation enforced by the current pandemic. Nevertheless, the future role of virtual communication remains undefined as we return to individualized face-to-face meetings.
Navigating the Legal Uncertainty and Informality in Authoritarian Regimes: Legal Culture, Governance and Business Environment in Uzbekistan
Authors: Urinboyev Rustamjon , Dogan Erhan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Academic debates on law and society relations in authoritarian regimes continue to revolve around issues of the dysfunctional legal system, corruption and informality, clientelistic legal culture, and how the authoritarian regimes in this region deploy law as a means for suppressing dissent. However, in this article, we argue that the legal landscape of authoritarian regimes should not be viewed from the “black-and-white” perspective. Rather, there is a need for a comprehensive account of how the state law and non-state forms of normative ordering engage in mutually transforming interactions and thereby shape the legal landscape of authoritarian regimes. By examining the law as a social field and legally plural phenomenon, our aim in this paper is to contribute, both empirically and theoretically, to scholarly debates on the role of law in authoritarian regimes by showing that the law is not merely a tool of authoritarian control and repression but various social groups and actors can also harness it for their own purposes depending on the context, time, location, opportunity and situation. These processes will be investigated by presenting ethnographic case studies from Uzbekistan, an archetypal authoritarian regime in Central Asia.
A Concept of Death in Genus Pan: Implications for Human Evolution
Authors: McLean Katherine 
Published: May 2024

An understanding of what death and dying entail is termed a concept of death (CoD), and the human CoD is often viewed as one of the characteristics that distinguishes our species. In this research, I identified an analogous understanding of death and dying in our closest living relatives—genus Pan. Linguistic frameworks designed for studying the CoD in human children look for evidence of understanding of several facets of death. I adapted these frameworks for the non-verbal Pan species, systematically analysing written and video recordings of chimpanzee and bonobo behaviours surrounding death within these new behavioural frameworks. I identified compelling evidence for the comprehension of several aspects of death, and thus for the presence of a human-like CoD in chimpanzees and bonobos. This has implications for our own evolutionary story and raises questions about what makes humans ‘human’.
Hubungan Career Decision Making Self Efficacy (CDMSE) Terhadap Grit Pada Siswa SMK
Authors: Ramadhani Mutiara , Hardew Ayatullah Kutub 
Published: May 2024

Siswa SMK tingkat akhir mulai memikirkan masa depannya secara intensif. Career Decision Making Self Efficacy (CDMSE) siswa menjadi salah satu terbangunnya Grit yang dapat mempertahankan minat karier untuk mencapai tujuan jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji korelasi Career Decision Making Self Efficacy (CDMSE) terhadap Grit pada siswa SMK kelas XII. Desain dan metode penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif korelasional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster sampling. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 167 siswa kelas XII di SMKN 6 Sukoharjo yang terdiri dari jurusan Teknik Otomotif, Akuntansi dan Keuangan Lembaga, serta Multimedia. Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala CDMSE yang disusun oleh peneliti dan Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) yang diadaptasi dari Sturman & Zappala-Piemme (2017). Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji normalitas, uji linearitas, dan uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis pada penelitian ini menunjukkan angka koefisien korelasi antar variabel sebesar 0,528 dengan signifikansi 0,000. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara Career Decision Making Self Efficacy (CDMSE) terhadap Grit pada siswa SMK.