bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cocktail of rapamycin, acarbose, and phenylbutyrate prevents age-related cognitive decline in mice by targeting multiple aging pathways
Authors: Jiang Zhou , He Qianpei , Wezeman Jackson , Darvas Martin , Ladiges Warren 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAging is a primary risk factor for cognitive impairment and exacerbates multiple biological processes in the brain, including but not limited to nutrient sensing, insulin signaling, and histone deacetylation activity. Therefore, a pharmaceutical intervention of aging that targets distinct but overlapping pathways provides a basis for testing combinations of drugs as a cocktail. Our previous study showed that middle-aged mice treated with a cocktail of rapamycin, acarbose, and phenylbutyrate for 3 months had increased resilience to age-related cognitive decline. This finding provided the rationale to investigate the transcriptomic and molecular changes within the brains of mice that received this cocktail treatment or control treatment. Transcriptomic profiles were generated through ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing, and pathway analysis was performed by gene set enrichment analysis to evaluate the overall RNA message effect of the drug cocktail. Molecular endpoints representing aging pathways were measured using immunohistochemistry to further validate the attenuation of brain aging in the hippocampus of mice that received the cocktail treatment, each individual drug or control. Results showed that biological processes that enhance aging were suppressed, with an increased trend of autophagy in the brains of mice given the drug cocktail. The molecular endpoint assessments indicated that treatment with the drug cocktail was overall more effective than any of the individual drugs for relieving cognitive impairment by targeting multiple aging pathways.
Investigating the Black Birth Experience: A Race-Stratified Analysis of Preterm Birth Risk and Exposure to Metropolitan Statistical Area-Level Police-Related Deaths, US 2018–2019
Authors: Dyer Lauren , Judson Jé , Jahn Jaquelyn L. , Wallace Maeve 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolice-related violence may be a source of chronic stress underlying entrenched racial inequities in reproductive health in the USA. Using publicly available data on police-related fatalities, we estimated total and victim race-specific rates of police-related fatalities (deaths per 100,000 population) in 2018–2019 for Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) and counties within MSAs in the USA. Rates were linked to data on live births by maternal MSA and county of residence. We fit adjusted log-Poisson models with generalized estimating equations and cluster-robust standard errors to estimate the relative risk of preterm birth associated with the middle and highest tertiles of police-related fatalities compared to the lowest tertile. We included a test for heterogeneity by maternal race/ethnicity and additionally fit race/ethnicity-stratified models for associations with victim race/ethnicity-specific police-related fatality rates. Fully adjusted models indicated significant adverse associations between police-related fatality rates and relative risk of preterm birth for the total population, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White groups separately. Results confirm the role of fatal police violence as a social determinant of population health outcomes and inequities, including preterm birth.
Wo soll’s hingehen, kleiner Fisch? Eine konzeptuelle Replikation von Dumont et al. (2017) zu Schulformeffekten auf akademisches Selbstkonzept, schulische Motivation und die Einschätzung eigener Ausbildungschancen am Ende der Sekundarstufe I
Authors: Grünthal Sarah , Kretschmann Julia , Brunner Martin 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungAls konzeptuelle Replikation von Dumont et al. (2017) untersucht diese Studie Effekte der Schulform auf das akademische Selbstkonzept, die Einschätzung eigener Ausbildungschancen und die schulische Motivation von Schüler:innen an nicht-gymnasialen Schulzweigen gegen Ende der Pflichtschulzeit in Klasse 9. Dabei wird anhand von Mehrebenenanalysen geprüft, inwiefern der antizipierte Schulabschluss (mittlerer Schulabschluss [MSA] vs. Hauptschulabschluss [HSA]) und die Klassenzusammensetzung zur Erklärung der Schulformeffekte beitragen. Grundlage der Analysen bilden NEPS-Daten der Startkohorte 3 aus fünf Bundesländern. Um zu prüfen, ob die Effekte über die Zeit variieren, wird zusätzlich zu Klasse 9 (N = 1277) noch ein weiterer Messzeitpunkt in Klasse 5 herangezogen (N = 1572). Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass Schüler:innen, die einen mittleren Schulabschluss anstrebten, unter Kontrolle ihrer eigenen Testleistung, der Testleistungen ihrer Mitschüler:innen und der besuchten Schulform, nicht nur höhere Selbstkonzepte im Bereich Lesen und allgemein Schule berichteten, sondern auch eine höhere leistungs- und berufsbezogene Lernmotivation vorwiesen, als Schüler:innen, die planten, die Schule mit einem Hauptschulabschluss zu beenden. Dabei fielen die Ergebnisse zu beiden Messzeitpunkten ähnlich aus. Lehrkräfte sollten also dafür sensibilisiert werden, dass schon die Antizipation des Erwerbs eines niedrigeren Schulabschlusses, über Effekte von Schulform und Klassenzusammensetzung hinaus, Nachteile für die motivationale Entwicklung der Schüler:innen mit sich bringen kann.
Reversibility of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Markers During Long-Term Glucose Starvation in Astrocytes
Authors: Voelz Clara , Schaack Lena E. M. , Kogel Vanessa , Beyer Cordian , Seitz Jochen , Trinh Stefanie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated a brain volume decrease linked to long-term starvation in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Food intake is critically diminished in this disorder, leading to one of the highest mortality rates within the psychiatric disease spectrum. As reported in animal models, astrocytes seem to be the most affected cell type in AN. In a recently established primary cell culture model, an elevated unfolded protein response (UPR) was observed in long-term glucose semi-starved astrocytes. A well-functioning protein machinery is essential for every cell, and prolonged UPR will lead to cell death. As a nucleic acid stress-sensing pathway with the activator located in the endoplasmic reticulum, the regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes) was additionally investigated in the starvation context. In the current study, a glucose semi-starvation protocol of 15 days, during which cells were supplied with 2 mM glucose in the medium, was prolonged with an additional 6-day long recovery period. Our findings showed that increased UPR mRNA expression was reversible after re-establishing the standard glucose concentration of 25 mM. Furthermore, we were able to verify the presence of cGAS and STING in astrocytes with a characteristic presence of cGAS in the astrocyte nucleus during starvation. A correlation between STING and the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) could be established, hinting at a conditional presence of STING with a specific astrocyte phenotype.
Graphical Abstract
Harmonic Spinors in the Ricci Flow
Authors: Baldauf Julius 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper provides a new definition of the Ricci flow on closed manifolds admitting harmonic spinors. It is shown that Perelman’s Ricci flow entropy can be expressed in terms of the energy of harmonic spinors in all dimensions, and in four dimensions, in terms of the energy of Seiberg–Witten monopoles. Consequently, Ricci flow is the gradient flow of these energies. The proof relies on a weighted version of the monopole equations, introduced here. Further, a sharp parabolic Hitchin–Thorpe inequality for simply-connected, spin 4-manifolds is proven. From this, it follows that the normalized Ricci flow on any exotic K3 surface must become singular.
Germline polymorphisms of the NOD2 pathway may predict the effectiveness of radioiodine in differentiated thyroid cancer treatment
Authors: Borowczyk M. , Kaczmarek-Ryś M. , Hryhorowicz S. , Sypniewski M. , Filipowicz D. , Dobosz P. , Oszywa M. , Ruchała M. , Ziemnicka K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) presents a complex clinical challenge, especially in patients with distant metastases and resistance to standard treatments. This study aimed to investigate the influence of specific genes and their germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to both inflammatory processes and other neoplasms on the clinical and pathological characteristics of DTC, particularly their potential impact on radioiodine (RAI) treatment efficacy.

Methods
This retrospective analysis involved a cohort of 646 patients diagnosed with DTC after thyroidectomy. Study covering 1998–2014, updated in 2023, included 567 women and 79 men (median age: 49; range: 7–83). SNP selection targeted functional significance, while mutational status was assessed by pyrosequencing for comprehensive characterization. Patient genetic profiles were assessed for associations with disease characteristics, RAI response, and cancer pathology.

Results
Significant correlations emerged between certain SNPs and DTC features. Notably, the NOD2 c.802 T > C variant (rs2066842) was identified as a marker distinguishing between papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). Moreover, the c.802 T allele was associated with an enhanced response to RAI treatment, indicating a more substantial decrease in posttreatment stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg) concentrations. The NFKB1A allele c.126A (rs696) exhibited connections with lower FTC stages and a reduced probability of multifocality.

Conclusion
This study explored the molecular mechanisms of particular SNPs, highlighting the role of NOD2 in innate immunity and the stress response, and its potential impact on RAI efficacy. This research underscores the clinical promise of SNP analysis and contributes to personalized treatment strategies for DTC, emphasizing the relevance of genetic factors in cancer progression and treatment outcomes.
Sound event detection in traffic scenes based on graph convolutional network to obtain multi-modal information
Authors: Jiang Yanji , Guo Dingxu , Wang Lan , Zhang Haitao , Dong Hao , Qiu Youli , Zou Huiwen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSound event detection involves identifying sound categories in audio and determining when they start and end. However, in real-life situations, sound events are usually not isolated. When one sound event occurs, there are often other related sound events that take place as co-occurrences or successive occurrences. The timing relationship of sound events can reflect their characteristics. Therefore, this paper proposes a sound event detection method for traffic scenes based on a graph convolutional network, which considers this timing relationship as a form of multimodal information. The proposed method involves using the acoustic event window method to obtain co-occurrences or successive occurrences of relationship information in the sound signal while filtering out possible noise relationship information. This information is then represented as a graphical structure. Next, the graph convolutional neural network is improved to balance relationship weights between neighbors and itself and to avoid excessive smoothing. It is used to learn the relationship information in the graph structure. Finally, the convolutional recurrent neural network is used to learn the acoustic feature information of sound events, and the relationship information of sound events is obtained by multi-modal fusion to enhance the performance of sound event detection. The experimental results show that using multi-modal information with the proposed method can effectively improve the performance of the model and enhance the perception ability of smart cars in their surrounding environment while driving.
Branch-Chain-Rich Diisopropyl Ether with Steric Hindrance Facilitates Stable Cycling of Lithium Batteries at − 20 °C
Authors: Li Houzhen , Kang Yongchao , Wei Wangran , Yan Chuncheng , Ma Xinrui , Chen Hao , Sang Yuanhua , Liu Hong , Wang Shuhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLi metal batteries (LMBs) offer significant potential as high energy density alternatives; nevertheless, their performance is hindered by the slow desolvation process of electrolytes, particularly at low temperatures (LT), leading to low coulombic efficiency and limited cycle stability. Thus, it is essential to optimize the solvation structure thereby achieving a rapid desolvation process in LMBs at LT. Herein, we introduce branch chain-rich diisopropyl ether (DIPE) into a 2.5 M Li bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide dipropyl ether (DPE) electrolyte as a co-solvent for high-performance LMBs at − 20 °C. The incorporation of DIPE not only enhances the disorder within the electrolyte, but also induces a steric hindrance effect form DIPE’s branch chain, excluding other solvent molecules from Li+ solvation sheath. Both of these factors contribute to the weak interactions between Li+ and solvent molecules, effectively reducing the desolvation energy of the electrolyte. Consequently, Li (50 μm)||LFP (mass loading ~ 10 mg cm−2) cells in DPE/DIPE based electrolyte demonstrate stable performance over 650 cycles at − 20 °C, delivering 87.2 mAh g−1, and over 255 cycles at 25 °C with 124.8 mAh g−1. DIPE broadens the electrolyte design from molecular structure considerations, offering a promising avenue for highly stable LMBs at LT.
Optimizing energy modeling in PBF-LB/M metal additive manufacturing: a detailed analysis of resource and energy demand based on standard tensile test specimen
Authors: Brinkmann Joachim , Aurich Jan C. , te Heesen Henrik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing is an essential tool in modern production processes. Competitive quality and the increasing importance of local manufacturing have allowed companies to maintain their production despite supply chains disrupted by the pandemic. However, the rising awareness of society towards environmental and climate protection, the increasing demand for resource-efficient products, and recent developments in energy costs are leading to a rethink in manufacturing processes. Additive manufacturing offers great potential for resource saving components. This study uses standard tensile test specimens to analyze AM processes regarding energy and material flows. The results show a high dependence of energy demand on process time and are transformed into a data-based energy model. Compared to previous energy models, the accuracy can be significantly improved using model data in combination with specific and system-oriented approaches. In addition to system-related saving potentials, design-related optimization potentials can be identified. Innovative and highly resource-saving components can be designed with a design methodology adapted to the extended degrees of freedom of AM. Further saving and recycling potentials can be identified along the material flows. A long-term goal is optimizing and predicting of resource demand in additive manufacturing with a view to the entire product lifecycle.
Development of a method to investigate the influence of engine oil and its additives on combustion anomalies in hydrogen engines
Authors: Gschiel Kevin , Wilfling Kevin , Schneider Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo counteract the anticipated consequences of climate change, significant efforts are required across all industries. The use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines can make a valuable contribution as a carbon-neutral bridging technology. One challenge in developing a suitable combustion process is the high ignition propensity of hydrogen, impacting combustion stability due to combustion anomalies. Avoiding such combustion phenomena is of utmost relevance to ensure a long-term stable engine operation. Oil entry into the combustion chamber can impact the occurrence of combustion anomalies. Therefore, a specific method for controlled oil entry into the combustion chamber has been developed, and this method is detailed in the following article.
“Maybe They Don’t Necessarily Realize the Damage They Can Do…”: A Qualitative Study on Bystanders to Non-consensual Forwarding of Nudes Among Adolescents in Switzerland
Authors: Barrense-Dias Yara , Suris Joan-Carles , Chok Lorraine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPeers can positively or negatively influence situations where nudes are forwarded without the original sender’s consent. This study aims to explore opinions and representations of adolescents regarding bystanders’ reactions to nudes being forwarded without consent. Discussions through focus groups (FG) were facilitated with vignettes using quotes related to bystanders. While discussions revolved around the quotes, acting as scenarios, most participants referred to personal experiences as most knew such situations in their social circles. Between May and June 2021, 42 adolescents (23 females) aged between 14 and 17 years participated in eight online FG. A thematic content analysis was performed. Participants reported different levels of bystanders’ responsibility depending on whether one does nothing, reacts by laughing or insulting, or continues to share, this last action being, for most, the most serious one. Several active behaviors were mentioned: shunning the victim, gossiping, laughing, mocking, insulting, and prolonging the sharing. Peer pressure, fear of retaliation, emotional management, friendships, age, and gender were explanations for the different bystanders’ behaviors. There is a lack of awareness of peers’ responsibility regarding nudes being forwarded without consent. It is essential to include bystanders in prevention strategies to make them aware of their influential role within the social dynamic. Demonstrating the weight that the group, collectively, can have in such situations could encourage bystanders to play a proactive role, fostering a sense of responsibility and empowerment. Deconstructing gender stereotypes from an early age is crucial to reduce violence related to power imbalances, discrimination, or expectations associated with gender roles.
Parental Perspectives on Principals’ Responses to Homophobic, Biphobic, and Transphobic Bullying in Australian High Schools: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Hanlon Laura G. , Webb Stephanie N. , Chonody Jill M. , Price Deborah A. , Kavanagh Phillip S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSchool principals may be well-placed to establish safe and affirming school climates for gender and sexuality diverse students by upholding zero-tolerance policies for homophobic, biphobic, and/or transphobic (HBT) bullying. Few qualitative investigations have examined how leaders are perceived, by those with vested interest, to be exercising their powers in this regard. Parents and caregivers (N = 16) completed a qualitative online questionnaire about their experiences navigating school responses to the HBT bullying of their child. Responses were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Findings indicate that principals were often either a first point of contact or an option for escalation. Intervention efforts were favourably appraised where empathy for the targeted student was accompanied by quick and decisive action. When this did not occur, participants described the injurious effects of inaction, prejudiced attitudes, and minimisation of the impact of non-physical bullying on both them and their child. We discuss implications for principals and schools with respect to the significant consequences of non-intervention.
Improving and Predicting the Surface Roughness and the Machining Accuracy in Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Milling
Authors: Baraya Mohamed , Yan Jiwang , Hossam Mohab 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present research work amis to develop a controlled vibratory system for improving the performance of slotting process based on the vibration-assisted milling technique. In addition, the establishment of a statistical model for predicting the process efficiency was a key aim target.In the current investigation, an ultrasonic vibratory device was designed to provide vibration oscillations in the cutting feed direction to the 7075 aluminum alloy workpiece side at 34.7 kHz frequency and 10 μm amplitude. A LabView code has been developed to control the input vibration parameters. A full factorial design of experiments with 4 factors and 2 levels was conducted. An in-depth statistical analysis is then implemented to study the effect of machining and vibration parameters on the process performance. Then, a statistical model for predicting the process response in terms of cutting force, surface roughness, and machining accuracy has been established.Some experiments showed a significant reduction in cutting force up to 50% in the feed direction. Additionally, an improvement in workpiece surface roughness was recorded. Regarding the machined surface accuracy, introducing ultrasonic vibrations significantly reduces the produced slot width error compared to Conventional Milling (CM).The developed statistical model shows a very well agreement with the experimental results. Therefore, the developed VAM technique is suitable for manufacturing parts that require high geometrical and dimensional accuracy.
Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticle conjugated-chalcones and their evaluation for antimalarial, cytotoxicity and haemolytic potential at in vitro level
Authors: Sinha Shweta , Kaur Amandeep , Sehgal Rakesh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown a wide range of antimicrobial activities over the last 2 decades, but little is known about their antimalarial activity. Therefore, in the present study, AgNPs were surface functionalized by chalcones to create an efficient bioactive molecular surface that can enhance the antimalarial competency of both chalcones as well as chemically synthesized AgNPs. The AgNPs-conjugated chalcones have been synthesized using a chemical method employing the EDC-NHS coupling method. The characterization of AgNPs and AgNPs-conjugated chalcones was done through various analytical techniques. The SYBR Green I assay was performed for in vitro antimalarial activity, and cell cytotoxicity was done on HeLa cell line with MTT assay to calculate the IC50 and CC50, respectively. Haemolytic effect on fresh RBCs of these nanoconjugates were observed for 3 h and 24 h. AgNPs and AgNPs-conjugated chalcones have spectra at 420 nm and between 350 and 375 nm, respectively. The IC50 values of all the three conjugates for antimalarial activity ranged from 0.30 to 0.80 μg/mL. The present study provides a new method of synthesizing AgNPs-conjugated chalcones. Also, these synthesized conjugates show better antimalarial potential and reduced cellular toxicity compared to bared chalcones under an in vitro culture system. However, a further pre-clinical study on the murine model of malaria along with toxicity parameters is needed to provide more clarity.

Graphical abstract