bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave assisted synthesis of hydroxyapatite nano strips
Authors: Ruban Kumar A. , Kalainathan S. , Saral A. Mary 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSynthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nano strips was carried out by chemical precipitation method followed by microwave irradiation. The microwave assisted reactions proceed at fast rates. It is found that the presence of the complex reagent EDTA plays an important role in the morphological changes of nanostructure hydroxyapatite. EDTA acts as a hexadentate unit by wrapping itself around the Ca2+metal ion with, four oxygen and two nitrogen atoms and forms several five member chelate rings. The relative specific surface energies associated with the facets of the crystal determines the shape of the crystal. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of hydroxyapatite nano strips with the range 50‐100 nm in EDTA influenced HAP powders. Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) result combined with the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the presence of amorphous hydroxyapatite (HAP) in the as‐prepared material. X‐ray patterns collected on the powder after heat‐treatment at 1100 °C for 2 h in air exhibits single phase of HAP. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dehydrogenation of Hydridoirida‐β‐diketones in Methanol: The Selective Formation of Mono‐ and Dinuclear Acyl Complexes
Authors: Ciganda Roberto , Garralda María A. , Ibarlucea Lourdes , Mendicute Claudio , Pinilla Elena , Torres M. Rosario 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe hydridoirida‐β‐diketone [IrH{(PPh2(o‐C6H4CO))2H}Cl] (1) reacts with diimines (NN) or with pyridine (py) in refluxing methanol to undergo dehydrogenation. The reactions afford selectively the cis‐acyl, trans‐phosphane isomers of the cationic [Ir(PPh2(o‐C6H4CO))2(NN)]+ {NN = 2,2′‐bipyridine (2); R–N=C(CH3)–C(CH3)=N–R′ [R = R′ = NH2 (3); R = R′ = OH (4); R = OH, R′ = NH2 (5)]} or neutral [IrCl(PPh2(o‐C6H4CO))2(py)] (6) derivatives. The reactions are faster for ligands containing amino substituents. Refluxing 1 in MeOH affords the formation of an equimolar mixture of dimercationic species [Ir2(μ‐Cl)(μ‐PPh2(o‐C6H4CO))2(PPh2(o‐C6H4CO))2]+ (7a and 7b) containing two acyls and a chloride as bridging groups. The isomers could be separated by fractional precipitation. Compound [3]Cl, containing amino substituents in the imino functionalities, catalyses the hydrogen transfer from 2‐propanol to cyclohexanone to afford cyclohexanol. All the complexes were fully characterised spectroscopically. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis was performed on complexes 6 and [7b]ClO4.
A Versatile Route to Red‐Emitting Carbopyronine Dyes for Optical Microscopy and Nanoscopy
Authors: Kolmakov Kirill , Belov Vladimir N. , Wurm Christian A. , Harke Benjamin , Leutenegger Marcel , Eggeling Christian , Hell Stefan W. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBiological microscopy favors photostable fluorescent markers with large fluorescence quantum yields, low dark triplet state population, good biocompatibility and absorption and emission maxima in the near‐infrared, where cellular autofluorescence is minimized. In the present study, carbopyronines absorbing around 640 nm and emitting at around 660 nm, with a low intersystem crossing rate (kisc ≈ 0.5 × 106 s–1) and excellent properties for cellular imaging were synthesized. A general synthetic route to carbopyronines with functional groups variable in the final steps of the synthesis or in the resulting fluorescent dye is presented. Possessing two 2‐methoxyethyl groups, the parent dye is soluble in water and most organic solvents. Demethylation of the dye or its precursors is straightforward, clean, and furnishes compounds with one or two 2‐hydroxyethyl groups, which can be used for further transformations. Modifications in the linker‐containing carboxy group are also possible. A multistep synthesis of the dye starting from a simple precursor and utilizing a single temporary protective group is described. The presented approach may be further applied to the design of caged carbopyronines.
Functionalization of Mono‐ and Oligonucleotides with Phosphane Ligands by Amide Bond Formation (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 17/2010)
Authors: Nuzzolo Marzia , Grabulosa Arnald , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Meeuwenoord Nico J. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Kamer Paul C. J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows the formation of a 15‐base‐long DNA strand from individual nucleosides. The light‐blue nucleoside has been modified so that it can form an amide bond with a phosphanylcarboxylic acid, once the strand has been prepared. In this way, artificial “metallo‐DNAzymes” can be developed by complex formation of transition metals with phosphane‐modified oligonucleotides, bridging the cap between homogeneous and biocatalysis. This is symbolised in the background by the famous Swilcan Bridge at the 18th hole of the Old Course of St Andrews, Scotland. Details are discussed in the article by P. C. J. Kamer et al. on p. 3229 ff.
An evaluation of the influence of substrate on the response of juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) in acute water exposures to ammonia
Authors: Miao Jingjing , Barnhart M. Christopher , Brunson Eric L. , Hardesty Douglas K. , Ingersoll Christopher G. , Wang Ning 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Acute 96-h ammonia toxicity to three-month-old juvenile mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea) was evaluated in four treatments (water-only, water-only with feeding, water and soil, and water and sand) using an exposure unit designed to maintain consistent pH and ammonia concentrations in overlying water and in pore water surrounding the substrates. Median effect concentrations (EC50s) for total ammonia nitrogen in the four treatments ranged from 5.6 to 7.7 mg/L and median lethal concentrations (LC50s) ranged from 7.0 to 11 mg/L at a mean pH of 8.4. Similar EC50s or LC50s with overlapping 95% confidence intervals among treatments indicated no influence of substrate on the response of mussels in acute exposures to ammonia. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2112–2116. © 2010 SETAC
Exposure of three generations of the estuarine sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) to the androgen, 17β-trenbolone: Effects on survival, development, and reproduction
Authors: Cripe Geraldine M. , Hemmer Becky L. , Raimondo Sandy , Goodman Larry R. , Kulaw Dannielle H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEstimating long-term effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on a species is important to assessing the overall risk to the populations. The present study reports the results of a 42-week exposure of estuarine sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) to the androgen, 17β-trenbolone (Tb) conducted to determine if partial-(F0) or single-generation (F1) fish exposures identify multigenerational (F0–F3) effects of androgens on fish. Adult F0 fish were exposed to 0.007, 0.027, 0.13, 0.87,and 4.1 µg Tb/L, the F1 generation to ≤0.87 µg Tb/L, the F2 fish to ≤0.13 µg Tb/L, and the F3 fish to ≤0.027 µg Tb/L. The highest concentrations with reproducing populations at the end of the F0, F1, and F2 generations were 4.1, 0.87, and 0.027 µg Tb/L, respectively. Reproduction in the F0, F1, and F2 generations was significantly reduced at 0.87, 0.027, and 0.027 µg Tb/L, respectively. Fish were significantly masculinized in the F1 generation exposed to 0.13 µg Tb/L or greater. Female plasma vitellogenin was significantly reduced in F0 fish exposed to ≥0.87 µg Tb/L. Gonadosomatic indices of the F0 and F1 generations were significantly increased at 0.87 and 0.13 µg Tb/L in the F0 and F1 generation, respectively, and were accompanied by ovarian histological changes. Reproduction was the most consistently sensitive measure of androgen effects and, after a life-cycle exposure, the daily reproductive rate predicted concentrations affecting successive generations. The present study provides evidence that a multiple generation exposure of fish to some endocrine-disrupting chemicals can result in developmental and reproductive changes that have a much greater impact on the success of a species than was indicated from shorter term exposures. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2079–2087. © 2010 SETAC
Presence of natural and anthropogenic organic contaminants and potential fish health impacts along two river gradients in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Jeffries Ken M. , Jackson Leland J. , Ikonomou Michael G. , Habibi Hamid R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In the current study, 28 organic contaminants were measured, many with estrogen-like activity, in water collected from 16 sites on two rivers in the South Saskatchewan River Basin, Alberta, Canada. The compounds detected included synthetic estrogens (birth control pill compounds and hormone therapy drugs) downstream of municipal wastewater effluents and natural hormones downstream of municipal wastewater effluents and in agricultural areas. Greater concentrations of cholesterol and derivatives, phytosterols, and fecal sterols were measured at the most downstream sites, which indicates cumulative inputs of such compounds in these rivers. A native minnow (longnose dace, Rhinichthys cataractae) was sampled to assess pathophysiological responses to exposure to compounds with estrogen-like activity. Hepatic vitellogenin protein was detected in at least one adult male longnose dace from 14 of 15 sites sampled for fish. Vitellogenin was negatively correlated with hepatosomatic (r = −0.47, p &lt; 0.001) and gonadosomatic (r = −0.44, p &lt; 0.003) indices, which suggests potential health impacts in male longnose dace in the South Saskatchewan River Basin. The current study demonstrates that organic contaminants, many with estrogen-like activity, are distributed over hundreds of kilometers throughout the South Saskatchewan River Basin and not just downstream of major point-sources. Therefore, many activities within these basins impact water quality in the South Saskatchewan River Basin and affect endemic longnose dace populations. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2379–2387. © 2010 SETAC
Characterization of the aroma‐active compounds in five sweet cherry cultivars grown in Yantai (China)
Authors: Sun Shu Yang , Jiang Wen Guang , Zhao Yu Ping 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the aroma‐active compounds of five sweet cherry cultivars grown in Yantai region, China, viz. ‘Lapins’, ‘Rainier’, ‘Stella’, ‘Hongdeng’ and ‘Zhifuhong’. The samples were extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) on DB‐wax and DB‐5 columns. A total of 52 volatiles were identified. Among these, hexanal, (E)‐2‐hexenal, 1‐hexanol, (E)‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol, benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol were the main volatile compounds in the five cherries. Furthermore, the aroma compounds of five cherry samples were evaluated using a combination of HS–SPME and GC–olfactometry (GC–O) dilution analysis, and a total of 40 aroma‐active compounds were identified. The results suggested that hexanal, (E)‐2‐hexenal, (Z)‐3‐hexenal, nonanal, benzaldehyde and geranylacetone (FD ≥ 16), responsible for the green, orange, almond and floral characters of the cherries, were the potentially important common odorants in these cherry cultivars. Benzyl alcohol and linalool were significant aroma compounds in most cherries, with the exception of ‘Stella’ and ‘Rainier’. In addition, (E,Z)‐2,6‐nonadienal (cucumber‐like odour) could be important to ‘Hongdeng’ and ‘Zhifuhong’, and (E,E)‐2,4‐nonadienal (fatty odour) probably made great contributions to the aromas in ‘Lapins’ and ‘Stella’. From the present result, it was concluded that the aroma profiles were similar in the five cherry cultivars, but significant variation was found in the contributions of these compounds to each cherry. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volatiles from Plicanthus hirtellus (F. Weber) R.M. Schust. and Radula boryana (F. Weber) Nees (Hepaticae) grown in São Tomé e Príncipe Archipelago
Authors: Figueiredo A. Cristina , Garcia César , Sim‐Sim Manuela , Sérgio Cecília , Pedro Luis G. , Barroso José G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to isolate and characterize the volatiles from Plicanthus hirtellus and Radula boryana grown in the African Archipelago of São Tomé e Príncipe. The volatiles isolated by distillation–extraction from Plicanthus hirtellus and Radula boryana were analysed by GC and GC–MS. Plicanthus hirtellus volatiles were dominated by anastreptene (13%) and spathulenol (14%). Radula boryana volatiles were characterized by high amounts of p‐cymene (17%) along with other monoterpene hydrocarbons and by the unusual presence of the oxygen‐containing monoterpenes thymol and carvacrol (1% each). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluid–structure interaction modeling of parachute clusters
Authors: Takizawa Kenji , Wright Samuel , Moorman Creighton , Tezduyar Tayfun E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe address some of the computational challenges involved in fluid–structure interaction (FSI) modeling of clusters of ringsail parachutes. The geometric complexity created by the construction of the parachute from ‘rings’ and ‘sails’ with hundreds of gaps and slits makes this class of FSI modeling inherently challenging. There is still much room for advancing the computational technology for FSI modeling of a single raingsail parachute, such as improving the Homogenized Modeling of Geometric Porosity (HMGP) and developing special techniques for computing the reefed stages of the parachute and its disreefing. While we continue working on that, we are also developing special techniques targeting cluster modeling, so that the computational technology goes beyond the single parachute and the challenges specific to parachute clusters are addressed. The rotational‐periodicity technique we describe here is one of such special techniques, and we use that for computing good starting conditions for FSI modeling of parachute clusters. In addition to reporting our preliminary FSI computations for parachute clusters, we present results from those starting‐condition computations. In the category of more fundamental computational technologies, we discuss how we are improving the HMGP by increasing the resolution of the fluid mechanics mesh used in the HMGP computation and also by increasing the number of gores used. Also in that category, we describe how we use the multiscale sequentially coupled FSI techniques to improve the accuracy in computing the structural stresses in parts of the structure where we want to report more accurate values. All these special techniques are used in conjunction with the Stabilized Space–Time Fluid–Structure Interaction (SSTFSI) technique. Therefore, we also present in this paper a brief stability and accuracy analysis for the Deforming‐Spatial‐Domain/Stabilized Space–Time (DSD/SST) formulation, which is the core numerical technology of the SSTFSI technique. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the Oxygen Reduction Activity on Silver – A Rotating Disc Electrode Study
Authors: Wiberg G. K. H. , Mayrhofer K. J. J. , Arenz M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this study the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is investigated on a nanoparticulate silver electrocatalyst in alkaline solution. The catalytic activity of the catalyst is determined both in terms of mass activity as well as specific activity and turn over frequency, respectively. It is demonstrated that the established mass activities are independent of the applied catalyst loading, an essential requirement for a reasonable analysis. The determination of the electrochemically active surface area (ECA) or the number of electrochemically accessible sites (NECAS), respectively, is performed by the underpotential deposition of lead. The obtained value of the activity is compared to activities of polycrystalline silver and platinum measured in the same electrolyte, as well as to literature data.
Cognitive impairment and life satisfaction in older adults
Authors: St. John Philip D. , Montgomery Patrick R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundQuality of life in dementia has been studied in clinical settings. There is less population‐based research on life satisfaction and cognition.Objectives(1) To compare the overall life satisfaction (LS), LS with material circumstances (LS (material)), and LS with social circumstances (LS (social)) of older adults with no cognitive impairment, with cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND), and with dementia; (2) To examine the effect of cognition on LS across a broad spectrum of cognition; and (3) To explore the effect of factors such as depressive symptoms, functional impairment, education, and social support.Population1620 community‐dwelling older adults with a mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) score > 10, sampled from a representative list were interviewed.MeasuresAge, gender, education, social networks, and social supports were all self‐reported. The MMSE, the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression (CES‐D), and the Older Americans Resource Survey (OARS) were used. Dementia was diagnosed by clinical examination using DSM‐IIIR criteria. LS was measured using the Terrible‐Delightful Scale. Factor analysis identified two factors: LS (material), and LS (social). A global item measuring overall LS was also used.ResultsThose with dementia and CIND had lower LS than those with normal cognition, but the effect was relatively small. There was a gradient in LS which extended into the normal range of cognition. Depressive symptoms and functional status were strongly associated with LS.ConclusionsCognition is associated with LS, but the effect is fairly small. Most older adults are satisfied with life. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microglial activation in regions related to cognitive function predicts disease onset in Huntington's disease: A multimodal imaging study
Authors: Politis Marios , Pavese Nicola , Tai Yen F. , Kiferle Lorenzo , Mason Sarah L , Brooks David J. , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Barker Roger A. , Piccini Paola 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder associated with motor, cognitive and psychiatric deficits. This study, using a multimodal imaging approach, aims to assess in vivo the functional and structural integrity of regions and regional networks linked with motor, cognitive and psychiatric function. Predicting disease onset in at risk individuals is problematic and thus we sought to investigate this by computing the 5‐year probability of HD onset (p5 HD) and relating it to imaging parameters. Using MRI, 11C‐PK11195 and 11C‐raclopride PET, we have investigated volumes, levels of microglial activation and D2/D3 receptor binding in CAG repeat‐matched groups of premanifest and symptomatic HD gene carriers. Findings were correlated with disease‐burden and UHDRS scores. Atrophy was detected in sensorimotor striatum (SMST), substantia nigra, orbitofrontal and anterior prefrontal cortex in the premanifest HD. D2/D3 receptor binding was reduced and microglial activation increased in SMST and associative striatum (AST), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the amygdala and the hypothalamus. In symptomatic HD cases this extended to involve atrophy in globus pallidus, limbic striatum, the red nuclei, anterior cingulate cortex, and insula. D2/D3 receptor binding was additionally reduced in substantia nigra, globus pallidus, limbic striatum, anterior cingulate cortex and insula, and microglial activation increased in globus pallidus, limbic striatum and anterior prefrontal cortex. In premanifest HD, increased levels of microglial activation in the AST and in the regional network associated with cognitive function correlated with p5 HD onset. These data suggest that pathologically activated microglia in AST and other areas related to cognitive function, maybe better predictors of clinical onset and stresses the importance of early cognitive assessment in HD. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sub‐patterns of language network reorganization in pediatric localization related epilepsy: A multisite study
Authors: You Xiaozhen , Adjouadi Malek , Guillen Magno R. , Ayala Melvin , Barreto Armando , Rishe Naphtali , Sullivan Joseph , Dlugos Dennis , VanMeter John , Morris Drew , Donner Elizabeth , Bjornson Bruce , Smith Mary Lou , Bernal Byron , Berl Madison , Gaillard William D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTo study the neural networks reorganization in pediatric epilepsy, a consortium of imaging centers was established to collect functional imaging data. Common paradigms and similar acquisition parameters were used. We studied 122 children (64 control and 58 LRE patients) across five sites using EPI BOLD fMRI and an auditory description decision task. After normalization to the MNI atlas, activation maps generated by FSL were separated into three sub‐groups using a distance method in the principal component analysis (PCA)‐based decisional space. Three activation patterns were identified: (1) the typical distributed network expected for task in left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's) and along left superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's) (60 controls, 35 patients); (2) a variant left dominant pattern with greater activation in IFG, mesial left frontal lobe, and right cerebellum (three controls, 15 patients); and (3) activation in the right counterparts of the first pattern in Broca's area (one control, eight patients). Patients were over represented in Groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.0004). There were no scanner (P = 0.4) or site effects (P = 0.6). Our data‐driven method for fMRI activation pattern separation is independent of a priori notions and bias inherent in region of interest and visual analyses. In addition to the anticipated atypical right dominant activation pattern, a sub‐pattern was identified that involved intensity and extent differences of activation within the distributed left hemisphere language processing network. These findings suggest a different, perhaps less efficient, cognitive strategy for LRE group to perform the task. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of serotonin receptor 2A gene haplotypes on C‐peptide levels in clozapine‐ and olanzapine‐treated patients
Authors: Melkersson Kristina I. , Gunes Arzu , Dahl Marja‐Liisa 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveAntagonism at the serotonin receptor 2A by the atypical antipsychotics clozapine and olanzapine has been suggested to be linked to these drugs' adverse effects on glucose‐insulin homeostasis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of haplotypes based on the main functionally characterized polymorphisms of the serotonin receptor 2A (HTR2A) gene on parameters related to the glucose metabolism in clozapine‐ and olanzapine‐treated patients.MethodsForty‐nine patients, with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and treated with clozapine (n = 22) or olanzapine (n = 27), were evaluated for fasting levels of C‐peptide, insulin and blood glucose, homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and body mass index (BMI), and genotyped for the ‐1438A/G, ‐783A/G, 102T/C, and His452Tyr polymorphisms of theHTR2Agene.ResultsAbout 50% of the patients had elevated levels of C‐peptide (>0.68 nmol/L) and insulin (≥79 pmol/L). However, patients carrying the haplotype [‐1438A, ‐783A, 102T, 452Tyr] had significantly lower C‐peptide levels compared with patients not carrying this haplotype (p = 0.039), despite no differences in blood glucose, HOMA‐IR or BMI between the patient groups.ConclusionOur results indicate that patients with theHTR2Ahaplotype [‐1438A, ‐783A, 102T, 452Tyr] are less likely to develop metabolic abnormalities like C‐peptide and insulin elevations during clozapine and olanzapine treatment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.