bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CENTRAL SEROUS RETINOPATHY AND PRESENILE DISCIFORM EXUDATIVE MACULAR DEGENERATION
Authors: FAURSCHOU SVEND , ROSENBERG THOMAS , NIELSEN NORMAN 
Published: May 2009

The clinical syndromes central serous retinopathy (RCS) and presenile exudative disciform macular degeneration (PEDMD) are well known, but the causes of the pathophysiological and pathoanatomical changes in the choriocapillaris, Bruch's membrane and pigment epithelium as predisposing factors are unknown. Apparently these two degenerative macular conditions are different. However, they possibly represent two manifestations of the same nosological entity, which is initially dominated by a subretinal exudation in the macular region.It is therefore also reasonable to consider that RCS can be part of, or an initial stage of PEDMD. In the present study these possibilities have been demonstrated by a follow‐up examination, using among other things fluorescein angiography of a selective material of 20 patients with RCS. In addition, it is shown that RCS can be a more serious condition with regard to the central vision than is generally accepted.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TEAR FLOW DETERMINATION BY MEANS OF A RADIOACTIVE TRACER
Authors: SØRENSEN T. , JENSEN F. TAAGEHØJ 
Published: May 2009

Theoretical considerations on a simplified biological system representing the tear pathways lead to the assumption of an exponential pattern of elimination of tracer substances from the conjunctival sac. The tracer used in the present study was technetium, Tc99m, as sodium pertechnetate. The detection system consisted of a gamma camera coupled to a digital system, a minicomputer and a magnetic tape unit.After instillation of 10 μl normal saline solution containing Tc99m the decay of activity was followed by means of an activity‐time function curve to which exponential curves were approximated by the computer. As a parameter for tear flow the fractional turnover rate was calculated from 7 to 15 min after instillation. An initial faster elimination was found in the first 7 min following instillation. Corrections for background radiation, evaporation of water and transconjunctival transport of Tc99m were estimated.
NORMAL VALUES IN CLINICAL ELECTROOCULOGRAPHY:
Authors: KROGH ERIK 
Published: May 2009

Two EOG parameters ‐ The Arden ratio (A) and an expression devised by Gliem (G) ‐ from a sample of normal human subjects are studied. Their relations to the EOG potential and time parameters and to sex, age, pupillary diameter, degree of iris pigmentation, refractive error and axial length, ocular protrusion and interpupillary distance were assessed. Right eye and left eye distributions were congruent, although individual differences were sometimes appreciable, especially in the case of G. The two ratios were positively correlated and both showed a negative correlation to the interval between the dark trough and the light peak. Correlations to the EOG potential parameters, especially the light induced potential rise of the dark adapted eye, were also established.In the case of A, a higher level was disclosed in the male half of the sample. A negative age correlation, predominant in the female part of the sample, characterized both ratios. The two ratios were positively correlated to the pupil diameter, negatively correlated to the degree of refractive error, and positively correlated to the degree of ocular protrusion. The consequences for the clinical EOG test are discussed, and it is concluded that the present EOG procedure is a qualitative rather than a quantitative test.
TISSUE CULTURE OF THE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELLS
Authors: HAYASHI MICHIKO , ASAYAMA KUNIO , UENO SATOKI 
Published: May 2009

Pure culture of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of the chick embryo was carried out and the morphological characteristics of each developmental stage were observed under light microscope and transmission and scanning electron microscopes.Immature cells had a few, short processes on the apical surface and a few melanin granules in the cytoplasm. However, mature cells had two types of processes on the apical surface, one being narrow and the other wide. Many melanin granules were diffusely dispersed in the cytoplasm and the cells were joined by a junctional complex near the apical portion. Beneath the cultured cells, basement membrane and collagen fibrils were evident and were apparently produced by the cultured RPE cells.The structure of the cultured cells in the well‐differentiated stage appeared to be the same as that of living cells.
A DOUBLE‐BLIND STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF TRANEXAMIC ACID ON THE CENTRAL CORNEAL THICKNESS AFTER CATARACT EXTRACTION
Authors: BRAMSEN THORKILD , CORYDON LEIF , EHLERS NIELS 
Published: May 2009

A double‐blind study of the influence of systemic tranexamic acid on the central corneal thickness after cataract extraction was performed in 17 pairs of patients. Apart from the cataract, no were present.A sequential statistics was used to show that the increase in central corneal thickness after operation was significantly less in the tranexamic acid treated group than in the placebo group. There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure between the tranexamic acid and the placebo treated group.The possible influence of tranexamic acid on the thickness controlling mechanism of the cornea is discussed, and studies concerning the fibrinolytic system, the complement system and the aqueous humour amino acid treated patients are mentioned.
PITUITARY ADENOMA AND VISUAL FUNCTION
Authors: KLAUBER A. , RASMUSSEN P. , LINDHOLM J. 
Published: May 2009

The series studied included 51 patients subjected to operation for pituitary adenoma. The visual status was analysed both pre‐ and postoperatively. The pre‐ and postoperative parameters were compared with clinical information, ophthalmological and neuroradiological findings with a view to an evaluation of their prognostic value.In 36 patients with chromophobe adenoma, visual field defects were present in 92% before the operation; visual function improved in 62% and returned to normal in 24%. Among 15 patients with eosinophil or mixed adenoma, only two (13%) had visual field defects pre‐operatively.In those patients where operation was followed by a distinct visual improvement, the pre‐operative ophthalmological findings were as follows: visual acuity greater than 6/24, normal optic discs, visual field defects up to two quadrants, and pneumoencephalographic findings suggestive of only a small suprasellar tumour.
SPHEROID DEGENERATION OF CORNEA AND CONJUNCTIVA
Authors: NORN M. S. 
Published: May 2009

The incidence of spheroid degeneration has been studied in a series of 659 Eskimos from Arctic South‐West Greenland and one of 810 Caucasians in Copenhagen with its temperate climate. The over‐all prevalence was highest among the Eskimos (12.3 per cent against 4.1 per cent among the Copenhageners, P < 0.001).The prevalence was found to be independent of sex, but to rise with increasing age (however, with a fall again after the age of 70 years in Copenhagen).The spheroid deposits were present on the conjunctiva in 74 per cent, on the cornea in 18 per cent, and at both sites in 8 per cent. 71 per cent of the subjects displayed autofluorescent globular deposits. These constituted 10 per cent of the total number of globules. The number of globules per subject averaged 30. Spheroid degeneration was rarely found temporally in Eskimos.Spheroid degenerative processes are most frequently seen in Pingueculae, but are not considered bear any relation to pterygium.
OPTIC DISC CUPPING AND PREMATURITY Large Cups as a Possible Low Birth Weight Sequel
Authors: FLEDELIUS HANS 
Published: May 2009

In a previous ophthalmic study of ex‐prematures around the age of 10 years it was accidentally found that cupping of the optic disc was significantly more pronounced in children of a low birth weight (< 2000 g) than in full‐term controls (Fledelius 1976). This was true for cup size (cup/disc diameter ratio) as well as depth (as indicated by a visible cribriform plate).The present analyses make up an extension of the above study, with additional calculations based on some of its data. Within the ex‐prematures (n = 268) the cup size did not seem to be related to birth weight, sex, or visual acuity. Eyes with myopia of prematurity were not especially ‘loaded’ with large cups.For the whole sample (including the 187 full‐term control there was a weak association between cup size and refraction (and axial eye length). Larger cups occurred relatively more often in myopic eyes. Possible mechanisms behind early changes in disc are discussed (astroglial hypothesis — distension of disc — loss of retinal nerve fibers). It is felt that this new observation — large disc cupping as a possible low birth weight sequel — has to be substantiated by further clinical evidence, as statistical type I error (mass significance) cannot be ruled out.
AMPICILLIN PENETRATION INTO THE RABBIT EYE
Authors: SALMINEN LOTTA 
Published: May 2009

Distribution of intravenously injected ampicillin of 50 mg/kg was studied in the rabbit eye using radioactive tracer method.Antibiotic concentration regarded as therapeutic in the treatment of gram‐negative organisms was obtained in all vascularized ocular structures. Intermediate values were measured from the cornea and aqueous humour. In the vitreous body and lens, ampicillin was unable to approach a concentration that would be effective against the common gram‐negative organisms. The low ampicillin concentration in the vitreous body and lens was unchanged by systemically administered probenecid, which in other parts of the eye caused significantly higher ampicillin levels.
MANAGEMENT OF LATE CORNEAL GRAFT PROBLEMS
Authors: EHLERS NIELS , BRAMSEN THORKILD 
Published: May 2009

Immediately after an operation the corneal graft is taken care of by the surgeon, but after a certain period of time the control lies in the hands of the general ophthalmologist.Examples of the management of different kinds of postoperative complications are presented. Early correct treatment of any graft problem is of decisive importance. Careful slit‐lamp examination and measurement of graft thickness is stressed and the prompt use of systemic and subconjunctival steroids is recommended for incipient graft failure. Systemic tranexamic acid may also be useful.
THE EFFECT OF UROKINASE ON CENTRAL CORNEAL THICKNESS AND VITREOUS HAEMORRHAGE
Authors: BRAMSEN THORKILD 
Published: May 2009

Thirteen patients with vitreous opacities were treated by intravitreal injection of urokinase. The central corneal thickness was measured daily on both eyes. Determination of visual acuity and ophthalmoscopy were done before treatment and at each following attendance (longest period of follow‐up was seven months).The central corneal thickness increased after urokinase injection and the maximum thickness was reached on the second day. On the 6th day a secondary rise in corneal thickness occurred. The possible relation to the fibrinolytic system is discussed.There was an effect on the vitreous opacities in 8 out of 13 eyes. Only in 3 of the 13 eyes did visual acuity increase. This relative poor result as regards visual acuity in most cases was due to membranes in the vitreous.
IMPLANTATION OF A SCLERAL STRIP INTO THE SUPRACILIARY SPACE AND CYCLODIALYSIS IN GLAUCOMA
Authors: NESTEROV A. P. , KOLESNIKOVA L. N. 
Published: May 2009

Since 1975 the operation of implantation of a scleral strip (10 mm long and 2 mm wide) has been performed on 75 glaucomatous patients. The following variants of surgical technique were used: (1) implantation of an autoscleral strip into the supraciliary space, (2) implantation of an auto‐scleral strip combined with cyclodialysis and (3) implantation of a homo‐scleral (cadaver) strip combined with cyclodialysis.The first technique was employed in 12 cases. The intraocular pressure was controlled by surgery alone in only four eyes, though a decrease in the level of the intraocular pressure and an increase in the C‐value occurred in each case.No significant difference between the results obtained with the second and the third techniques was found. Of 63 eyes operated on, the intraocular pressure was controlled in 41 eyes (65%) by surgery alone and in 11 other eyes with the help of miotics 3 to 4 weeks after surgery. Follow‐up was for a period of from 12 to 23 months in 51 cases. The pressure was under control in 36 eyes (71%) without medication and in 10 more eyes with miotics.The rate of complications was low. Hyphaema appeared in 10 cases and mild iridocyclitis occurred in 11 cases. There was no case of choroidal detachment, persistent hypotony or flat anterior chamber after surgery.
VITAL STAINING PROPERTIES OF NEUTRAL RED
Authors: MARNER KIRSTEN , NORN MOGENS S. 
Published: May 2009

Vital staining by instillation in the conjunctival sac of 1% neutral red in 54 normal and 153 differently affected eyes was studied by slit lamp examination. Of these, 134 eyes were after‐stained by a mixture of 1% tetrazolium and 1/4% alcian blue and 73 eyes were after‐stained by a mixture of 1% rose bengal and 1% fluorescein.Microscopy of a further 10 conjunctival scrapingo and 40 mucous conjunctival threads disclosed neutral‐red‐stained inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells and the granulocytes.In the slit lamp the cornea and the conjunctiva were seen to be stained only rarely and, if so, poorly by neutral red, both in normal and affected eyes. Better staining was obtained with tetrazolium, and the best with rose bengal. The plica semilunaris, Marx' line, and the mucous thread were stained by neutral red, more intensely by rose bengal, and the least by tetrazolium. The inferior fornix and the tarsus were rarely stained by any of the three dyes.Neutral red seems to offer no diagnostic advantages over the vital stains with which the dye has been compared in the present study. More particularly we found no pathological processes that were stained more intensely by neutral red than by the other vital stains.
PULFRICH PENDULUM PHENOMENON IN PATIENTS WITH A HISTORY OF ACUTE OPTIC NEURITIS
Authors: SLAGSVOLD JON ERIK 
Published: May 2009

The Pulfrich phenomenon is a stereoillusion in which a pendulum swinging at right angles to the line of gaze appears to be describing an elliptical path when absorbing filters are placed in front of one eye.We used two sets of Polaroid glasses as adjustable filters. A spot on a modified oscilloscope served at a pendulum bob. Twenty‐nine former patients with a history of optic neuritis and visual acuities of ≧ 6/6 in both eyes and twenty‐two normal subjects underwent examinations. The patients showed pathological recordings which separated them from the control subjects. The test seems to expose minor residual dysfunction of affected optic nerves where the visual acuity is normalized. This abnormal response when viewing the moving Pulfrich pendulum is probably caused by disturbed neural conduction. The degree of acute visual loss and the time elapsed since the attack did not seem to influence the Pulfrich response. The results may explain why some patients who have recovered from optic neuritis complain of difficulties when viewing moving objects. In addition to the use of Pulfrich illusion test for diagnostic work; i. e. clinical or subclinical attacks of optic neuritis, it can serve as a valuable supplement to the more sophisticated method of visual evoked response.
TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL MONOCHROMACY STUDIED BY SPECIFIC QUANTITATIVE PERIMETRY
Authors: HANSEN EGILL 
Published: May 2009

Two blue cone monochromats and four rod monochromats have been studied by increment threshold measurements applying the Stiles' principle. Some rudimentary colour discrimination was reported by the blue cone monochromats. One patient showed good discrimination between short‐ and middle‐wavelength lights in matching experiments using the Nagel II apparatus. His neutral band in the spectrum was at ΛΛ = 485–495 nm. Dichromatic vision could not be proved in the other patient.The blue cone monochromats also had good responding blue mechanism in the periphery. Indication of cone activity other than blue cones is found in both kinds of monochromats; these cones being probably of the rhodopsin‐cone type (π0 cones). The conclusions are drawn that the inhibitory effect of the π0 cones upon the rod mechanism may account for the differences shown by our two blue cone monochromats as to visual acuity, nystagmus and photophobia. Likewise, their differences regarding dichromatic vision may be explained by an unequal number of π0 cones in their retinas rather than by differences in their blue mechanisms.
EARLY POSTOPERATIVE CHANGES IN GRAFT THICKNESS AFTER PENETRATING KERATOPLASTY: Influence of Host Corneal Disorder on Time Course
Authors: BRAMSEN THORKILD , EHLERS NIELS 
Published: May 2009

In 172 patients the thickness of the corneal graft was followed with frequent measurements during the first 14 days after operation. Three different graft thickness time courses were observed. Patients with keratitis, stromal dystrophy and corrosion or mechanical lesion showed a secondary rise in graft thickness on the 6th postoperative day, while patients with keratoconus and those treated with tranexamic acid showed no rise on the 6th day. Patients with Fuchs' dystrophy differed from the other groups in not reaching the maximal thickness until the 3rd postoperative day.The possible correlation of these three time courses with changes in the fibrinolytic system is discussed.
VITRECTOMY AFTER INTRACAPSULAR CATARACT EXTRACTION IN DIABETIC SEQUELAE
Authors: ALGVERE PEEP 
Published: May 2009

Pars plana vitrectomy was performed on 40 diabetic eyes with opacified vitreous due to preretinal haemorrhages and fibrovascular proliferations. Cataractous lenses were present in all cases and were removed by intracapsular extractions 4–8 weeks prior to vitrectomy. Preoperative visual acuity ranged from light projection to 1/60.Postoperatively, vision improved in 26 (65%) eyes, remained unchanged in 5 (12.5%), and deteriorated in 9 (22.5%) during a follow‐up time of 5–18 months (mean 8 months). In 19 (48%) eyes a visual acuity ranging from 0.1‐0.9 was achieved. In 31 eyes that improved or remained unchanged, iris neovascularization developed in 2 (6%) and longstanding increase of intraocular pressure in 9 (29%). Visual failures were mainly due to incomplete removal of preretinal proliferations and retinal detachment, and neovascular glaucoma developed in 5 of the 9 eyes.In 30 (75%) eyes the anatomical status at the vitreo‐retinal junction improved considerably when the preretinal tissue causing retinal traction was excised, and the proliferative disease reverted into a background retinopathy.
ORBITAL ABSCESS IN TWO NEONATES, DERIVING FROM CONJUNCTIVAL MALFORMATIONS
Authors: MARUSZCZAK DANUTA , KRARUP JENS C. , FLEDELIUS HANS C. 
Published: May 2009

A report is given of two infants who developed an orbital abscess within their first month of life. Generally they were unaffected, and malignancies were initially suspected. Ultrasonography showed partly cystic, partly solid lesions. The likely infectious foci were conjunctival malformations, a mucosal fistula in case No. 1, a conjunctival cyst in case No. 2.There was rapid and complete recovery after surgery. The infections were caused by Staph, aureus and by diplococcus pneumoniae, respectively. Additional findings: Infant No. 1 had a fibroma of the tongue. Infant No. 2 had pes equino‐varus.
CONJUNCTIVAL TRANSPORT OF TECHNETIUM‐99m PERTECHNETATE
Authors: SØRENSEN T. , JENSEN F. TAAGEHØJ 
Published: May 2009

Using a gamma camera coupled to a computer and a tape unit the transport of pertechnetate (Tc99m) across the conjunctiva was determined by the ‘region of interest’ technique in human subjects.In 11 patients with their lacrimal sacs removed a fractional turnover rate of 0.021 min‐1 was found. In 21 patients with inflammed conjunctiva due to chronic dacryocystitis a fractional turnover rate of 0.027 min‐1 was found, whereas the value in 11 normal individuals was 0.015 min‐1.Neglecting the relatively small transcorneal route of disappearance, the values found for technetium disappearance could be regarded as representative for the transconjunctival transport of the radioisotope. This assumption was confirmed by correlating the radioactivity in the blood with the fractional turnover rate.
TIMOLOL MALEATE IN TREATMENT OF OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Authors: AASVED HENRY , SELAND JOHAN H. , SLAGSVOLD JON E. 
Published: May 2009

The effect of Timolol maleate on the intraocular pressure in open angle glaucoma has been examined in 37 patients, of these simple glaucoma in 26 (48 eyes), capsular glaucoma in 9 (14 eyes) and chronic secondary glaucoma in 2 patients (2 eyes). These cases constituded a group which was relatively difficult to manage.The average pressure reduction caused by Timolol maleate alone was about 23%. In 18 patients the intraocular pressure was adequately controlled on Timolol as the only drug and in 10 on additional drug therapy. Five patients failed on drug treatment, and the remaining four failed on one eye while the fellow eye was well regulated.Tonography indicates that the effect is caused by a reduction of the aqueous humour production.Side effects of locally applied Timolol maleate have not been observed. This drug may be the drug of choice in many instances.
IMMUNOELECTROPHORETIC DETERMINATION OF TEAR FLUID PROTEINS COLLECTED BY THE SCHIRMER I TEST
Authors: PRAUSE J. U. 
Published: May 2009

Using reservoirs containing 50 μl of antigen solution in combination with a micro‐modification of the electroimmunoassay a detection limit of 0.05 ng applied in 400 μl corresponding to 0.125 ng/ml has been achieved.Tear fluid eluate from Schirmer paper strips has been tested in the assay. The eluation procedure failed to extract all tear proteins as 32 ng were left in the paper. Despite the loss, experiments have shown the method to be suitable for immunological determination of tear proteins colleced by the Shirmer I test.
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY AND CORNEAL GRAFT ENDOTHELIUM
Authors: RUUSUVAARA PEKKA 
Published: May 2009

Endothelia of 102 clear human corneal grafts in 95 patients were photographed in vivo with a specular microscope. The relation of the endothelial cell density to the HLA and ABO compatibility of the donor‐recipient pairs were studied. In addition, the effects of vascularization and reversible rejection on the endothelial cell density were analysed.A negative correlation was found between the HLA incompatibility and the endothelial cell density of the graft. The group with 0–1 (2) mismatches had the highest endothelial cell density (1356 ± 510 cells/mm2). This result was better than in the group with 2 (3) mismatches, but the cell difference was not statistically significant. A statistically significant difference in average endothelial cell densities was found between the groups with 0–1 (2) mismatches and with 3–4 mismatches, the latter having 880 ± 475 cells/mm2 (P < 0.01). There was also a statistically significant difference in average endothelial cell densities between the group with 0–1 mismatch and the untyped group (P < 0.01). The difference in cell densities between the group with 2 (3) mismatches and the more incompatible groups together (3–4 mismatches and the untyped group) was statistically almost significant (P < 0.05).The ABO‐compatible pairs had 18% more endothelial cells than the ABO‐incompatible pairs. The difference was not statistically significant, but when the ABO‐compatible pairs were compared with all the others (incompatible and untyped), the difference in mean cell density between the two groups was statistically almost significant (P < 0.05).Comparison of the effect of tissue incompatibility on graft endothelial cell density separately in the patients with vascularized and non‐vascularized corneas showed that in both categories the endothelial cell density was highest in the group with 0–1 (2) mismatches.In 8 patients with a reversible rejection episode the average cell density was 20% less than in those with an uneventful postoperative period. The importance of rejection on the endothelium in some special cases is discussed.