bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Everyday discrimination in the workplace, job satisfaction and psychological wellbeing: age differences and moderating variables
Authors: TAYLOR PHILIP , MCLOUGHLIN CHRISTOPHER , MEYER DENNY , BROOKE ELIZABETH 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTIn this article we explore the importance of ‘everyday discrimination’ and other psycho-social variables for psychological wellbeing, considering differences according to age, gender and socio-economic position. Using employee survey data collected within Australian organisations we explore a statistically reliable model of the relationship between aspects of the psycho-social work environment, psychological wellbeing and job satisfaction. The employee survey was carried out in two phases during mid-2007 and mid-2008 in a national university, two international freight terminals of a large international airline, a national manufacturing company and the roadside assistance division of a motoring organisation. Structural Equation Modelling was used to configure a model including psycho-social factors: respect, support, training, job insecurity and personally meaningful work. Everyday discrimination and consultation with supervisor were considered in terms of their direct effect on psychological wellbeing and job satisfaction and their indirect effect via the psycho-social factors enumerated above. Importantly, this generalised model attempts to describe the interrelations of these factors effectively for various age groups, gender and socio-economic position. We identify age, gender and socio-economic differences in the strength and relative importance of these relationships. A further validation study with an independent sample will be required to verify the model proposed in this article. The implications for the design of workplace interventions concerned with age discrimination are discussed.
Transport resources, mobility and unmet transport needs in old age
Authors: HJORTHOL RANDI 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTPrevious research has shown that mobility and the ability to leave the home are among the essential aspects of older people's quality of life. However, surveys of older people's access to transport resources and the impact of mobility on welfare and wellbeing are few. Many previous studies are based on small samples or qualitative data. The questions addressed in this paper are how transport resources are distributed among different groups of older people, to which degree the transport needs of these groups are met and how this is related to their wellbeing. The empirical analysis is based on a Norwegian nationwide survey among 4,723 respondents 65 years and older. The respondents were asked about their access to transport resources, both private and public, health problems connected to use of transport modes, their daily activities and mobility, their uncovered transport needs and the importance of different activities for their life quality. The analysis reveals great differences between groups; especially between men and women, but also between different age groups and by different place of living. The special transport offered by the local authorities is seen as insufficient, and with increasing age a great deal of older people have low mobility and an uncovered transport need that reduces their life quality.
Ageing with HIV/AIDS: a scoping study among people aged 50 and over living in Quebec
Authors: WALLACH ISABELLE , BROTMAN SHARI 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe population of people aged 50 and over represents a significant proportion of people living with HIV in Western nations. While the number of older people living with HIV is rapidly increasing in Canada, research originating in this country remains relatively scarce. This article therefore proposes to describe the impact of the intersection of HIV and ageing on the identities and lived experiences of people living with HIV of 50 and over (PLHIV50+), both on an individual and social level, in order to offer a picture of their lived experience. Using a phenomenological approach, nine semi-structured individual interviews with PLHIV50+ (men and women) were undertaken. Data analysis identified several central themes which constituted the essence of their experience of the intersection of HIV and ageing, such as the experience of premature ageing, the impact of HIV on intergenerational relationships, the shrinking of one's social network, rejection experienced by the older population, a difficult return to work and a deterioration in living conditions. The results of this research highlight the many challenges faced by PLHIV50+, on physical, relational, work and economic levels. Even though some of the problems faced by PLHIV50+ were related to the experience of corporal changes and a deterioration of health, our research was able to highlight the societal and structural factors underlying the stigma of HIV and ageing.
Structure determination of the silver carboxylate dimer [Ag(O2C20H39)]2, silver arachidate, using powder X-ray diffraction methods
Authors: Stephens Peter W. , Kaduk James A. , Blanton Thomas N. , Whitcomb David R. , Misture Scott T. , Rajeswaran Manju 
Published: June 2012

High-resolution powder X-ray diffraction and density functional plane wave pseudo-potential techniques have been used to obtain an optimized structural model of silver arachidate, [Ag(O2C(CH2)18CH3]2. The unit cell is triclinic, space group P-1 with cell dimensions of a = 4.1519(10) Å, b = 4.7055(10) Å, c = 53.555(4) Å, α = 89.473(15)°, β = 87.617(5)° and γ = 76.329(5)°. The structure is characterized by an 8-membered ring dimer of Ag atoms and carboxyl groups joined by four-member Ag–O rings with fully extended zigzag side chains, giving rise to one-dimensional chains along the b-axis.
Calibration of X-ray imaging devices for accurate intensity measurement
Authors: Haugh Michael J. , Charest Michael R. , Ross Patrick W. , Lee Joshua J. , Schneider Marilyn B. , Palmer Nathan E. , Teruya Alan T. 
Published: June 2012

National Security Technologies (NSTec) has developed calibration procedures for X-ray imaging systems. The X-ray sources that are used for calibration are both diode type and diode/fluorescer combinations. Calibrating the X-ray detectors is a key to accurate calibration of the X-ray sources. Both energy dispersive detectors and photodiodes measuring total flux were used. We have developed calibration techniques for the detectors using radioactive sources that are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The German synchrotron at Physikalische Technische Bundestalt (PTB) was used to calibrate the silicon photodiodes over the energy range from 50 to 60 keV. The measurements on X-ray cameras made using the NSTec X-ray sources included quantum efficiency averaged over all pixels, camera counts per photon per pixel, and response variation across the sensor. The instrumentation required to accomplish the calibrations is described. The X-ray energies ranged from 720 to 22.7 keV. The X-ray sources produce narrow energy bands, allowing us to determine the properties as a function of X-ray energy. The calibrations were done for several types of imaging devices. There were back and front illuminated CCD (charge-coupled device) sensors, and a CID (charge injection device) type camera. The CCD and CID camera types differ significantly in some of their properties that affect the accuracy of the X-ray intensity measurements. All the cameras discussed here are silicon based. The measurements of the quantum efficiency variation with the X-ray energy are compared to the models for the sensor structure. The cameras that are not back-thinned are compared to those that are.
Antibacterial prescriptions for acute gastrointestinal infections: uncovering the iceberg
Authors: STEFANOFF P. , ROGALSKA J. , CZECH M. , STASZEWSKA E. , ROSINSKA M. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYA prospective survey was conducted in patients admitted to 11 randomly selected general practices and eight hospitals located in six provinces of Poland. For each patient meeting the international acute gastrointestinal infection (AGI) case definition criteria, information was collected on healthcare resources used. Antibacterial drug consumption was assessed using defined daily doses (DDD) and extrapolated to the national level using results from a parallel study of AGI incidence in the community. Additionally, a logistic multivariable model was fitted assessing determinants of antibacterial drug administration. Valid questionnaires were collected from 385 general practitioner (GP) consultations and 504 hospital admissions. Antibacterials for systemic use were prescribed during 60 (16%) GP consultations and 179 (36%) hospital admissions. The estimated societal AGI-related consumption of antibacterials amounted to 5·48 million DDD (95% uncertainty interval 1·56–14·12 million DDD). Antibacterial prescription was associated with work in large practices [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3·16] and hospital wards (aOR 2·87), compared to small general practices, referral for microbiological testing (aOR 2·88), presence of fever (aOR 2·50), presence of mucus or blood in stool (aOR 1·94), age >65 yearsvs. <5 years (aOR 1·88), and ruralvs. urban residence (aOR 1·53). Despite the fact that antibacterials were prescribed to a minority of consulted AGI patients, their consumption in society was not negligible due to the high prevalence of AGI symptoms. Prescription of antibacterial drugs should be restricted to cases with specific indications, preferably following microbiological investigation of AGI aetiology. To achieve this, clear national recommendations should be widely disseminated to physicians, and included in medical training curricula.
PathogenicYersinia enterocoliticaO:3 isolated from a hunted wild alpine ibex
Authors: JOUTSEN S. , SARNO E. , FREDRIKSSON-AHOMAA M. , CERNELA N. , STEPHAN R. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYOccurrence ofYersiniaspp. in wild ruminants was studied and the strains were characterized to get more information on the epidemiology of enteropathogenicYersiniain the wildlife. In total, faecal samples of 77 red deer, 60 chamois, 55 roe deer and 27 alpine ibex were collected during 3 months of the hunting season in 2011. The most frequently identified species wasY. enterocoliticafound in 13%, 10%, 4% and 2% of roe deer, red deer, alpine ibex and chamois, respectively. Interestingly, oneY. enterocoliticaO:3 strain, isolated from an alpine ibex, carried the important virulence genes located on the virulence plasmid (yadA andvirF) and in the chromosome (ail,hreP,myfA andystA). Most of theY. enterocoliticastrains belonged to biotype 1A of which 14 wereystB positive. Further studies are needed to clarify the importance of alpine ibex as a reservoir of pathogenicY. enterocolitica.
Serious contractions in wintering distribution and decline in abundance of Baer’s Pochard Aythya baeri
Authors: WANG XIN , BARTER MARK , CAO LEI , LEI JINYU , FOX ANTHONY D. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryObserved maximum numbers of Baer’s Pochard Aythya baeri in China, the traditional core wintering range, declined from 16,792 during 1987–1993 to 2,131 during 2003–2011, accompanied by a dramatic contraction in range. Coordinated coverage of the most important sites in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain in January 2011 found only 194 Baer’s Pochard. The reported wintering population outside China declined from 719 in 2000–2005 to 48 in 2006–2010. The world population in 2011 apparently did not exceed 1,000 individuals, and the true number was most likely many fewer. The species seems to have ceased wintering regularly outside mainland China, where none had been found by mid-February 2012 despite coverage of favoured sites. Urgent, coordinated actions are needed to protect this species which may soon be on the verge of extinction in the wild.
A Human Factors Analysis of an EMS Crew's Exposure to Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Levy Matthew J. , Seaman Kevin G. , Levy J. Lee 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe safety of personnel and resources is considered to be a cornerstone of prehospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) operations and practice. However, barriers exist that limit the comprehensive reporting of EMS safety data. To overcome these barriers, many high risk industries utilize a technique called Human Factors Analysis (HFA) as a means of error reduction. The goal of this approach is to analyze processes for the purposes of making an environment safer for patients and providers. This report describes an application of this approach to safety incident analysis following a situation during which a paramedic ambulance crew was exposed to high levels of carbon monoxide.Levy MJ, Seaman KG, Levy JL. A human factors analysis of an EMS crew's exposure to carbon monoxide. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(3):1-2.
A ONE LINE FACTORING ALGORITHM
Authors: HART WILLIAM B. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe describe a variant of Fermat’s factoring algorithm which is competitive with SQUFOF in practice but has heuristic run time complexityO(n1/3) as a general factoring algorithm. We also describe a sparse class of integers for which the algorithm is particularly effective. We provide speed comparisons between an optimised implementation of the algorithm described and the tuned assortment of factoring algorithms in the Pari/GP computer algebra package.
Psychosis Incident Cohort Outcome Study (PICOS). A multisite study of clinical, social and biological characteristics, patterns of care and predictors of outcome in first-episode psychosis. Background, methodology and overview of the patient sample
Authors: Lasalvia A. , Tosato S. , Brambilla P. , Bertani M. , Bonetto C. , Cristofalo D. , Bissoli S. , De Santi K. , Lazzarotto L. , Zanatta G. , Marrella G. , Mazzoncini R. , Zanoni M. , Garzotto N. , Dolce C. , Nicolau S. , Ramon L. , Perlini C. , Rambaldelli G. , Bellani M. , Tansella M. , Ruggeri M. ,   the PICOS-Veneto Group
Published: June 2012

Aims.This paper aims at providing an overview of the background, design and initial findings of Psychosis Incident Cohort Outcome Study (PICOS).Methods.PICOS is a large multi-site population-based study on first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients attending public mental health services in the Veneto region (Italy) over a 3-year period. PICOS has a naturalistic longitudinal design and it includes three different modules addressing, respectively, clinical and social variables, genetics and brain imaging. Its primary aims are to characterize FEP patients in terms of clinical, psychological and social presentation, and to investigate the relative weight of clinical, environmental and biological factors (i.e. genetics and brain structure/functioning) in predicting the outcome of FEP.Results.An in-depth description of the research methodology is given first. Details on recruitment phase and baseline and follow-up evaluations are then provided. Initial findings relating to patients' baseline assessments are also presented. Future planned analyses are outlined.Conclusions.Both strengths and limitations of PICOS are discussed in the light of issues not addressed in the current literature on FEP. This study aims at making a substantial contribution to research on FEP patients. It is hoped that the research strategies adopted in PICOS will enhance the convergence of methodologies in ongoing and future studies on FEP.
Post‐fire changes in net shortwave radiation along a latitudinal gradient in boreal North America
Authors: Jin Yufang , Randerson James T. , Goulden Michael L. , Goetz Scott J. 
Published: June 2012

Understanding how a changing boreal fire regime is likely to influence regional climate requires detailed information about fire effects on the surface radiation budget. We used time series of satellite observations of surface albedo from 2000–2011 and fire perimeters since 1970 to study post‐fire changes in surface net shortwave radiation along a latitudinal transect in central Canada. Fire‐induced surface shortwave forcing (SSF) integrated over an annual cycle for the first 30 years after fire was similar (−4.1 W m−2 with a 95% confidence interval of −4.5 to −3.7 W m−2) between southern and northern boreal regions. The lack of a latitudinal difference in SSF was caused by counteracting latitudinal trends in seasonal contributions. Spring (March, April, and May) SSF increased with latitude, from −7.2 W m−2 in the south to −10.1 W m−2in the north, primarily because of delayed snow melt, which amplified albedo differences between unburned forests and recovering stands. In contrast, winter incoming solar radiation and summer albedo change decreased from south to north, resulting in a decreasing latitudinal trend in winter and summer SSF. Vegetation recovery was slower in the north, leading to smaller increases in summer albedo during the first decade after fire, and a prolonged phase of elevated spring albedo during the second decade. Our results indicate that fires reduce surface net shortwave radiation considerably for many boreal forest ecosystems in North America, providing further evidence that disturbance‐mediated shifts in surface energy exchange need to be considered in efforts to manage these forests for climate change mitigation.
Monitoring the volcanic unrest of El Hierro (Canary Islands) before the onset of the 2011–2012 submarine eruption
Authors: López C. , Blanco M. J. , Abella R. , Brenes B. , Cabrera Rodríguez V. M. , Casas B. , Domínguez Cerdeña I. , Felpeto A. , de Villalta M. Fernández , del Fresno C. , García O. , García‐Arias M. J. , García‐Cañada L. , Gomis Moreno A. , González‐Alonso E. , Guzmán Pérez J. , Iribarren I. , López‐Díaz R. , Luengo‐Oroz N. , Meletlidis S. , Moreno M. , Moure D. , de Pablo J. Pereda , Rodero C. , Romero E. , Sainz‐Maza S. , Sentre Domingo M. A. , Torres P. A. , Trigo P. , Villasante‐Marcos V. 
Published: June 2012

On 10 October 2011, a submarine volcanic eruption started 2 km south from El Hierro Island (Spain). Since July 2011 a dense multiparametric monitoring network was deployed all over the island by Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN). By the time the eruption started, almost 10000 earthquakes had been located and the deformation analyses showed a maximum deformation of more than 5 cm. Earthquake migration from the north to the south of the island and acceleration of seismicity are in good correlation with changes in the deformation pattern as well as with some anomalies in geochemical and geomagnetic parameters. An earthquake of local magnitude 4.3 at 12 km depth (8 October 2011) and shallower seismicity a day after, preceded the onset of the eruption. This is the first time that a volcanic eruption is fully monitored in the Canary Islands. Data recorded during this unrest episode at El Hierro will contribute to understand reawakening of volcanic activity in this region and others of similar characteristics.
First measurements of radar coherent scatter by the Radio Aurora Explorer CubeSat
Authors: Bahcivan H. , Cutler J. W. , Bennett M. , Kempke B. , Springmann J. C. , Buonocore J. , Nicolls M. , Doe R. 
Published: June 2012

The Radio Aurora Explorer CubeSat detected the first radar echoes during the solar storm of March 8, 2012. The 300 s ground‐to‐space bi‐static radar experiment was conducted in conjunction with the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar in the local morning (∼8 am) over Poker Flat, Alaska. The geomagnetic conditions for theEregion field‐aligned irregularity generation were optimal due to strong (about 1500 m/s)F region ion drifts and sufficient E region ionization (electron densities were ∼2 × 1011 m−3). The corresponding Eregion electric field of ∼80 mV/m was larger than the excitation threshold for the Farley‐Buneman instability. An auto‐correlation analysis resolved, for the first time, the distribution of auroralEregion backscatter with 3 km resolution in altitude and sub‐degree resolution in aspect angle. Moreover, the measured Doppler velocities of the UHF scatter shows the phase speed saturation of the meter‐scale plasma waves. The measured Doppler velocity is in excellent agreement with theCs cos θ formula for auroral E region irregularities.
Endoplasmic reticulum factor ERLIN2 regulates cytosolic lipid content in cancer cells
Authors: Wang Guohui , Zhang Xuebao , Lee Jin-Sook , Wang Xiaogang , Yang Zeng-Quan , Zhang Kezhong 
Published: June 2012

Increased de novo lipogenesis is a hallmark of aggressive cancers. Lipid droplets, the major form of cytosolic lipid storage, have been implicated in cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Recently, we identified the ERLIN2 [ER (endoplasmic reticulum) lipid raft-associated 2) gene that is amplified and overexpressed in aggressive human breast cancer. Previous studies demonstrated that ERLIN2 plays a supporting oncogenic role by facilitating the transformation of human breast cancer cells. In the present study, we found that ERLIN2 supports cancer cell growth by regulating cytosolic lipid droplet production. ERLIN2 is preferably expressed in human breast cancer cells or hepatoma cells and is inducible by insulin signalling or when cells are cultured in lipoprotein-deficient medium. Increased expression of ERLIN2 promotes the accumulation of cytosolic lipid droplets in breast cancer cells or hepatoma cells in response to insulin or overload of unsaturated fatty acids. ERLIN2 regulates activation of SREBP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein) 1c, the key regulator of de novo lipogenesis, in cancer cells. ERLIN2 was found to bind to INSIG1 (insulin-induced gene 1), a key ER membrane protein that blocks SREBP activation. Consistent with the role of ERLIN2 in regulating cytosolic lipid content, down-regulation of ERLIN2 in breast cancer or hepatoma cells led to lower cell proliferation rates. The present study revealed a novel role for ERLIN2 in supporting cancer cell growth by promoting the activation of the key lipogenic regulator SREBP1c and the production of cytosolic lipid droplets. The identification of ERLIN2 as a regulator of cytosolic lipid content in cancer cells has important implications for understanding the molecular basis of tumorigenesis and the treatment of cancer.
The apoptotic effect and associated signalling of HSP90 inhibitor 17‐DMAG in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Leng Ai‐min , Liu Ting , Yang Jing , Cui Jian‐fang , Li Xiu‐hua , Zhu Ya‐nan , Xiong Ting , Zhang Guiying , Chen Yuxiang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPrimary liver cancer is one of the highly malignant tumours. The traditional surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy only established 6% of 5‐year survival rate in HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma). Therefore there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies. HSP90 (heat shock protein 90) is one of the important molecular chaperones and was identified with high expression in the primary liver cancer. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of specific HSP90 inhibitor 17‐DMAG (17‐dimethylaminoethylamino‐17‐demethoxy geldanamycin) in HCC cells. The time and concentration effects of 17‐DMAG were investigated in HCC cells. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide] assay and cell counting. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with staining of Annexin V‐FITC/PI (propidium iodide). The protein levels of survivin, cyclin D1, p53 and NF‐κB (nuclear factor κB) were measured by Western blotting. 17‐DMAG inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. Treatment with 400 nmol/l 17‐DMAG for 48 h significantly induced early‐stage apoptosis (22.4%). Conversely, it induced less late‐stage apoptosis (3.03%). The 5 mg/l of cisplatin induced significantly less early‐stage apoptosis (6.5%), but similar proportion of late‐stage apoptosis (4.89%) compared with 17‐DMAG. Inhibition of HSP90 activity by 400 nmol/l 17‐DMAG decreased protein levels of survivin, cyclin D1 and NF‐κB protein levels, whereas increased p53 protein level. HSP90 plays a key role in HCC cell growth and survival through regulation of survivin, cyclin D1, p53 and nucleus NF‐κB protein levels and the specific HSP90 inhibitor 17‐DMAG can play a therapeutic role in HCC treatment.