bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diterpene Alkaloids. Isolation and Study of Two New Alkaloids
Authors: Singh Nazar , Chopra K L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Two new alkaloids tentatively named as “denudatine” and “denudatidine” have been isolated in pure form from an indigenous crude drug “Judwar” which has been provisionally identified as the roots of Delphinium denudatum Wall. (Fam. Ranunculaceae). The purity of these alkaloids has been checked by paper chromatographic analysis and they have been characterised. Denudatine is the major alkaloid and has been isolated in pure form in a yield of 0.05 per cent. On the basis of microanalysis for the elements of the base, m.p. 248–249° and its derivatives; the determination of the active hydrogen, =N–Me, ≡C–Me and infra-red and ultra-violet absorption spectra, denudatine has been tentatively classified as a diterpene alkaloid of atisine group. Pharmacological actions of denudatine have been investigated. The normal rhythmic contractions of isolated rabbit duodenal strip are inhibited. The isolated guinea-pig uterine strip is stimulated by the base solution. It decreases the tone and inhibits the peristaltic movements of the intestine but does not show any effect on the blood pressure and respiration of the anaesthetised dog. It is non-toxic and lacks curariform activity. Denudatidine, m.p. 273° (yield, 0.003 per cent) has not been studied further.
The Effects of Prolonged Administration of Some Adrenocortical Steroids in the Rat
Authors: D'Arcy P F , Howard E M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An approximation has been made of the relative potency of some adrenocortical steroids to retard body growth and cause adrenocortical atrophy in chronically treated rats. The site of cortical atrophy and depletion of sudanophilic lipid varies with the nature of the steroid administered. The implications of these findings have been discussed with particular reference to the pituitary control of the zona glomerulosa. Corticosteroid induced adrenocortical atrophy is reversible on cessation of treatment. The effect of prolonged administration of cortisone on the weight of organs and other endocrine glands has also been studied.
A Note on the Action of Gallamine on Isolated Rabbit Auricles
Authors: Laity J L H , Garg B K 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The action of gallamine triethiodide on the effects of methacholine and acetylcholine on isolated spontaneously beating rabbit auricles in oxygenated mammalian Ringer's solution at 30° has been investigated. Gallamine blocked the effects of both drugs. The effects of gallamine were similar to those of atropine, but gallamine was weaker and was more readily removed by washing.
Common Drugs that May Invalidate Spectrophotofluorometric Assays of Blood Griseofulvin
Authors: Child K J , Bedford Carole , Tomich E G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Studies have been made of the potential effects of aspirin, salicylic acid, phenacetin, paracetamol, codeine, caffeine, theophylline and quinine on the spectrophotofluorometric assay of griseofulvin in blood. Aspirin, salicylic acid or quinine are likely to give falsely high values. Detection of this bias by inspecting the fluorescence spectra of the extracted griseofulvin is not always possible.
Chronic Toxicity Studies on Food Colours: V. Observations on the Toxicity of Brilliant Blue FCF, Guinea Green B and Benzyl Violet 4B in Rats
Authors: Mannell W A , Grice H C , Allmark M G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The food colours Brilliant Blue FCF, Guinea Green B and Benzyl Violet 4B were fed to rats at concentrations of 0.03, 0.3 and 3 per cent of the diet for 75 weeks. Thirty rats were used at each feeding level. Brilliant Blue and Benzyl Violet had no adverse effects on growth at any of the levels used. With Guinea Green there was an initial depression of growth at the two higher levels accompanied by a decreased food efficiency and, in one group, a lower food consumption. There was an increase in mortality in female rats fed 3 per cent of all three colours. With Brilliant Blue, indications were that this increase was not related to treatment. In the groups fed 3 per cent Guinea Green and 3 per cent Benzyl Violet there was a total of eight malignant tumours. Five of these were derived from the epidermis. Further investigation of these two colours is required.
Cardiotonic Substances from Bersama Abyssinica Fres. Sub. Species Abyssinica
Authors: Lock J A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Three crystalline materials have been isolated from the leaves of Bersama abyssinica sub. sp. abyssinica, N.O. Melianthaceae. Some chemical and pharmacological evidence is presented that these materials are bufodienolide aglycones. The material isolated in greatest quantity has a toxicity similar to that of scillaridin.
Studies on the Kinetics of Fungicidal Action
Authors: Chauhan N M , Walters V 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The mean Q10 value for the mortality of Penicillium notatum spores in water from 50 to 55° was 881. In 1 to 1.25 per cent solutions of phenol from 15 to 40° it was 3.4; higher values were obtained for 0.75 and 0.875 per cent phenol.
Studies on Datura Leichhardtii Muell. Ex Benth.
Authors: Evans W C , Stevenson N A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Datura leichhardtii is readily distinguished from other species of the genus by its general morphology. Although similar to that of D. stramonium, the microscopy of the leaf differs in the length of the clothing trichomes and often in the form of the calcium oxalate crystals; it may be distinguished from other members of the Section Dutra, with the exception of D. metel, by the form and abundance of trichomes. D. leichhardtii differs from D. metel in possessing on the lamina of the leaf, glandular trichomes with a uniseriate stalk and a single-celled head. The values for palisade ratio and stomatal index are within the same range as those of allied species.
Studies in the Field of Diuretic Agents. Part VI Some Sulphamoylbenzoic Acids
Authors: Jackman G B , Petrow V , Stephenson O , Wild A M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The requirements for diuretic activity in the sulphamoylbenzoic acid series have been studied. Optimal activity is shown by 4-halogeno-3- sulphamoylbenzoic acids.
Observations on the Use of A Mouse Bioassay Method for Investigating Purgative Activity
Authors: Brittain R T , D'Arcy P F , Grimshaw J J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Some essentially practical observations have been made on the use of a simple purgative assay in mice. Modifications of the method have improved both the accuracy and precision of the assay. Senna extracts have been assayed in terms of a sennoside A standard.
The Distribution and Excretion by Cats of A New Hypotensive Drug, N-Benzyl-N′N″-Dimethylguanidine
Authors: Boura A L A , Duncombe W G , Robson R D , McCoubrey A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The distribution and excretion of 14C-labelled N-benzyl-N′N″-dimethylguanidine (BW 467C60) have been studied in cats. The drug, like bretylium, had a selective affinity for adrenergic neurones. At 3 mg./kg., about half the dose was excreted unchanged in urine within 24 hr. and no metabolites were found. Excretion continued for more than 7 days.
A Note on the Influence of Chlorpromazine and Diethazine on the Stores of Catecholamine in the Adrenal Glands and Aortic Walls of Rats
Authors: Davis Ruth A , Kaul C L , Lockett Mary F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Stores of catecholamines accumulated in the adrenal glands and in the walls of the aortae of rats during treatment with diethazine or chlorpromazine. Diethazine failed to antagonise the release by reserpine of tissue stores of catecholamines and increased tissue sensitivity to the pressor effects of tyramine, probably because release of catecholamines from tissue stores by tyramine is enhanced. Chlorpromazine antagonised the release of adrenal medullary amines by reserpine and delayed the restoration of these stores after depletion.
The Influence of Environmental Changes on the Cardiotoxicity of Isoprenaline in Rats
Authors: Balazs T , Murphy J B , Grice H C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The influence of environment on the cardiotoxicity of isoprenaline has been examined in rats. Animals kept for 3 months in individual cages exhibited an increased sensitivity compared to their community caged controls when either mortality or the severity of the heart lesion was considered. Animals exposed to cold for one week showed a 1,000–10,000 times increased sensitivity to isoprenaline compared to their controls. A probable mechanism of sensitisation is discussed.
Potential Reserpine Analogues: Part III Derivatives of 4-ethoxycarbonyloxy-3,5-dimethoxy-benzoic acid, 3-dimethylaminobenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzanilide and N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-3(or 4)-hydroxycyclohexane carboxyamide
Authors: Chodnekar M S , Sharp L K , Linnell W H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
4-Ethoxycarbonyloxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzanilide (I), 3-dimethylamino-benzanilide (II), N(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-4-ethoxycarbonyloxy- 3,5-dimethoxybenzamide (III), N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-3-dimethylaminobenzamide (IV), 4-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyloxy)- benzanilide (V), 4-(4-ethoxycarbonyloxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoyloxy)- benzanilide (VI), 3-acetoxy-N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)cyclohexane- carboxyamide (VII), 3-anisoyloxy-N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)cyclo- hexanecarboxyamide (VIII), N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-3-veratroyl- oxycyclohexanecarboxyamide (IX), N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-3- trimethoxybenzoyloxycyclohexanecarboxyamide (X), and N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-4-trimethoxy benzoyloxycyclohexanecarboxyamide (XI) have been prepared. Eight of the compounds, I-VII and X, were compared with reserpine for their ability to potentiate barbiturate hypnosis in mice and to deplete the 5-hydroxytryptamine content of rat brain. None of them lowered the brain 5-hydroxytryptamine content but several showed barbiturate potentiation. Compound V was the most potent of the series in producing potentiation of barbiturate hypnosis, being about one tenth as action as reserpine.
A Method for the Estimation of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline in Urine
Authors: Atkinson R , Wynne N A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A method for the estimation of adrenaline and noradrenaline in urine is described. The catecholamines are adsorbed on aluminium oxide and eluted with acid. The adrenaline and noradrenaline are estimated separately after oxidation with manganese dioxide at different pH values and conversion to the trihydroxyindole derivative for fluorimetric estimation. A mean recovery of 82 per cent (±5 per cent S.D.) was obtained for total amines estimated as noradrenaline, adrenaline recovery was 83 per cent (±6 per cent S.D.) and noradrenaline recovery was 80 per cent (±6 per cent S.D.). The results were in good agreement with biological assay results.
The Bacteriostatic Actions of Tetracycline and Oxytetracycline
Authors: Jones J G , Morrison G A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The bacteriostatic actions of tetracycline and oxytetracycline on cultures of A. aerogenes in glucose-mineral salt media have been studied. Both antibiotics show two modes of action, one of which is non-operative under aerobic conditions and is ascribed to an interference with the disposal of hydrogen in unaerated cultures. The other mode of action can be accounted for by an interference with the synthesis of protein. Quantitative measurements of the dependence of the degree of inhibition on the pH and the concentration of magnesium ions are in accord with attributing inhibitory power solely to the non-ionic molecular forms of the antibiotics. The possible contributions of the two modes of action to the cytotoxic action are discussed.
The urinary metabolites of 5-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole
Authors: Silvestrini B , Catanese B , Corsi G , Ridolfi P 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The urine of mice, rats, dogs, and men treated with 5-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole has been examined for metabolic products of the drug. So far, a neutral oxadiazole derivative, which has tentatively been assigned the formula of 3-phenyl-5-hydroxyethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole, diethylamine and small amounts of unchanged drug have been isolated.
The adsorption of iodine from solution by micro-organisms and by serum
Authors: Hugo W B , Newton J M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The uptake of iodine by baker’s yeast, serum, E. coli and Staph. aureus from aqueous dilutions of an iodine non-ionic surface-active agent complex was compared with that from aqueous dilutions of an ethanol and potassium iodide solution. The form of adsorption isotherms depended upon the iodine system and the substrate. A characteristic of all isotherms was the high affinity at low iodine concentrations. Except where high ethanol concentrations remained, uptake was greater from the ethanol: potassium iodide dilutions. The pH of the iodine system also influenced the uptake, the effect varying with the iodine system and the substrate.
The effects of blocking agents upon the isolated vas deferens of the guinea-pig stimulated by the hypogastric nerve
Authors: Morrison A B , Parkes M W 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
When the guinea-pig isolated vas deferens preparation was stimulated by its hypogastric nerve, the responses obtained at different frequencies of stimulation were all reduced proportionately by guanethidine, bretylium, reserpine and pentamethonium. The difference between guanethidine and bretylium in affecting the responses to nervous stimulation at different frequencies of the cat nictitating membrane reported by Boura & Green was not observed with this preparation. Papaverine reduced responses to high frequencies of stimulation more than those to low frequencies. Amphetamine also reduced responses to all frequencies uniformly except in the smallest doses used, which potentiated the responses to high frequencies; these doses reversed the reduction in response by guanethidine, bretylium and reserpine. Preparations stimulated between parallel electrodes responded similarly to those stimulated by the hypogastric nerve.
Antibacterial properties of 5-nitro-2-furylglyoxylidene derivatives
Authors: Buckett W R , Kidd D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
5-Nitro-2-furylglyoxal has been prepared and nine new derivatives synthesised. These showed similar in vitro antibacterial activity to the corresponding 5-nitro-furfurylidene analogues. The antibacterial activity of the 5-nitro-2-furylglyoxylidenes could not be demonstrated in the serum or urine of rats after oral administration.
Factors influencing the action of glycine on Escherichia coli in nutrient broth and in hypertonic medium
Authors: Russell A D , John R V 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effect of various glycine concentrations in nutrient broth and in a hypertonic nutrient medium against E. coli at various temperatures has been examined. Optimum spheroplast formation was found to occur in bacteria which were in the logarithmic growth phase. Glycine has no action on the viability of non-growing bacteria.
Activity of eledoisin, other polypeptides and ergometrine on the uterus in situ of rabbit and other animal species
Authors: Fregnan G B , Glässer A H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The oxytocic activity of eledoisin on the uterus in situ of different animal species has been studied and compared with other oxytocic drugs. Eledoisin stimulated the rabbit uterus at doses as low as 0·01-0·1 μg/kg i.v. but had no significant oxytocic action on the uterus of cat, rat, and guinea-pig. It is, however, more active on the vascular than on the non-vascular smooth muscle preparations of the same animal species. The oxytocic activity of oxytocin and ergometrine, on the other hand, has been confirmed on almost all the animal species studied in doses which did not significantly alter the blood pressure (at least in the rabbit).
In the rabbit the oxytocic effect of ergometrine but not that of eledoisin and oxytocin was abolished by the adrenolytic drugs dibenzyline, piperoxan and hydergine. Hypertensin also stimulated almost all the uteri tested, whilst bradykinin was not active in the doses used.
Effects on anaesthetised animals of an oxytocic glycoside extracted from certain species of Albizia
Authors: Lipton A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The actions on anaesthetised guinea-pigs, rabbits, cats and monkeys of a glycoside, “albitocin”, obtained from Albizia gummifera, and some other species of Albizia, used by East African witchdoctors to accelerate labour and induce abortion, are described. On intravenous injection there is a transient fall in systemic blook pressure and an increase in uterine activity, with the pregnant uterus exhibiting greater sensitivity. Both responses occur in the presence of atropine and antihistamines, and in monkeys after bilateral vagotomy and hexamethonium, but a prolonged small rise in blood pressure occurs on intraperitoneal injection of the drug. Electrocardiograph records in rabbits and monkeys exhibit no consistent acute or chronic changes in the electrical activity of the heart resulting from the injection of the drug even in lethal doses, almost up to the time of death.
Some effects of altering onium substituents on the internitrogen distance in ganglionic and neuromuscular blocking agents
Authors: Elworthy P H 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The conductances of butaethonium chloride and bromide, hexaethonium chloride and bromide, and hexadecaethonium iodide have been measured in water at 25°. The limiting equivalent cationic conductances have been interpreted to give a measure of the internitrogen distances, which are larger than in the corresponding methonium compounds, being 5.7–6.7 Å for butaethonium, 6.5–8.7 Å for hexaethonium, and 13.6–14.9 Å for hexadecaethonium. The changes of potency observed on changing the onium substituents are attributed to changes in internitrogen distance and of molecular geometry.
Anthelmintic constituents of ferns
Authors: Blakemore R C , Bowden K , Broadbent J L , Drysdale A C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Extracts, oils and some individual phloroglucinol compounds prepared from the fern Dryopteris dilatata and Dryopteris filix-mas were tested for taeniacidal activity against the dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana. In D. dilatata activity is concentrated in the phloroglucinol compounds (mainly aspidin, phloropyrone and aspidinol) of which aspidin is the most potent. In D. filix-mas the mixed phloroglucinol compounds (mainly flavaspidic acid and aspidinol) are active, but no more so than the total ether extract. Flavaspidic acid seems to be the most active phloroglucinol constituent of the fern. Desaspidin which occurs in a third fern, Dryopteris austriaca, is more potent than either aspidin or flavaspidic acid. A method of detecting phloroglucinol compounds by thin-layer chromatography is described.
Stability of heparin solutions
Authors: Pritchard J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Heparin injection B.P., adjusted to a pH between 7.0 and 8.0, preserved with 0.15% chlorocresol, is a relatively stable biological product and may be expected to retain its potency for up to 15 years if stored at 4°, over 7 years at room temperature and 6–8 years at 37°. The stability is markedly reduced if the pH of the solution falls below 6.0, so that a rapid and marked loss in potency can be expected if heparin is sterilised in, or mixed for any length of time with, solutions of dextrose, owing to the low pH of these solutions.
Urinary excretion kinetics of amphetamine in man
Authors: Beckett A H , Rowland M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The urinary excretion of amphetamine has been examined in 11 male subjects after oral administration of (+)- and (–)- amphetamine sulphate. The excretion of unchanged drug was shown to be dependent upon urinary pH. Excretion of amphetamine, when the urine was maintained alkaline or acid, was measured in seven subjects. The implications of these results, especially in the evaluation of dosage forms, are discussed.
Impairment of sympathetic nerve responses by dopa, dopamine and their α-methyl analogues
Authors: Farmer J B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Dopa and dopamine reduced the response of the nictitating membrane to postganglionic sympathetic nerve stimulation in cats pretreated with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline. A similar reduction could be obtained with α-methyldopa and α-methyldopamine in untreated cats. The sensitivity of the membrane to injected noradrenaline, α-methylnoradrenaline or adrenaline was not reduced. The possible mechanism of the anti-hypertensive action of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and α-methyldopa is discussed in the light of these findings.
The anticoagulant activity of carrageenan
Authors: Anderson W , Duncan J G C , Harthill J E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
λ-Carrageenans and κ-carrageenans from samples of Chondrus crispus, carrageenan from Polyides rotundus and degraded carrageenan from Eucheuma spinosum have anticoagulant activity on intravenous injection in the rabbit. Anticoagulant activity appears to be caused by a general reaction with plasma protein. The undegraded carrageenans are acutely toxic on intravenous injection and form insoluble complexes with fibrinogen in neutral solution. Degraded carrageenan is very much less toxic and, like heparin, forms soluble complexes with fibrinogen. The λ-carrageenans from C. crispus have higher sulphate content, consistently prolong the clotting time more, and are more toxic than the corresponding κ-carrageenans. The differences in sulphate content between the various λ-carrageenans, and between the carrageenans from the other seaweeds tested, do not correspond directly with differences in anticoagulant action and toxicity.
Pharmacological studies on modaline sulphate (W 3207)
Authors: Jori A , Carrara C , Paglialunga S , Garattini S 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Modaline sulphate (W 3207) has pharmacological effects which probably belong both to the group of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and the imipramine-like drugs. It differs from the monoamine oxidase inhibitors by producing an increase in body temperature in fully reserpinized animals. It differs from imipramine-like drugs in not potentiating the hyperthermic effect of isoprenaline. The effects of modaline are probably related to the formation of a metabolite because they are prevented by the administration of SKF 525 A.
A comparison of the anti-anaphylactic properties of ethanolamine and hydrocortisone
Authors: Goadby P , Smith W G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Both ethanolamine and hydrocortisone potentiate the anti-anaphylactic activity of mepyramine in actively sensitised guinea-pigs subjected to anaphylactic shock by exposure to aerosols of antigen solution. The effects of these two substances have now been compared. After intramuscular injection, the peak effect with ethanolamine occurred 1 hr later whereas with hydrocortisone it occurred 18 hr later. Both substances were also effective, after 45 min and 12 hr respectively, as aerosols. The optimum intramuscular dose of ethanolamine was 10 mg/kg and that of hydrocortisone 100 mg/kg. After aerosol administration, optimum effects were observed when 5% solutions of either drug were used.
Antitrichomonal activity of 1-[(2, 4-dinitropyrryl)-ethyl]-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole and related compounds
Authors: Brown George W. , Wellerson Ralph , Kupferberg Alfred B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A series of 1-substituted dinitropyrroles was tested for trichomonacidal activity. The shorter the substituent the greater was the in vitro activity. No relationship was found between in vivo activity and substituent length. A comparison of the trichomonacidal activities of 1-[(2,4-dinitropyrryl)-ethyl]-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (ORF-2245) and 1-(2-hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (8823 R.P.) was made. ORF-2245 exhibited activity equal to or greater than 8823 R.P. except in the treatment of established infections where its limited activity was attributed to poor absorption from the gut. Absorption, however, was apparently sufficient to combat or prevent the low-grade infections.