bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐duration cassava genotypes for crop diversification in the humid tropics: growth dynamics, biomass, yield and quality
Authors: Suja Girija , John Kuzhivilayil Susan , Sreekumar Janardanan , Srinivas Tavva 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Short‐duration (6–7 months) cassava provides opportunities to smallholder farmers for effective utilisation of resources such as land, moisture and nutrients as well as diversification of enterprise and income. The variation in biomass production and partitioning, seasonal course of growth indices, yield, quality and nutrient uptake of ten short‐duration/early‐bulking genotypes of cassava and their impact on nutrient contents in soil in a lowland situation akin to rice fallow were examined in this study.RESULTS: Triploid 2–18 gave the highest yield (38.34 t ha−1), followed by triploid 4‐2, Sree Vijaya, Sree Jaya and Vellayani Hraswa, which were on a par (30–32 t ha−1). Vellayani Hraswa, Sree Vijaya and triploid 4‐2 had significantly higher tuberous root dry matter content (370–380 mg g−1) and fairly higher starch content (270–280 mg g−1). All genotypes except triploid 4‐2, triploid 2–18 and H‐165 had low cyanogen content (29.2–43.8 µg g−1), well within the tolerable limit. Tuberous root dry matter and total dry matter production, crop growth rate, tuberous root bulking rate and harvest index at the last phase, number of tuberous roots, mean weight of tuberous roots and nutrient uptake showed significant positive correlations with tuberous root yield. Principal component analysis also showed a similar trend.CONCLUSION: The diploids Sree Vijaya, Sree Jaya, Vellayani Hraswa and Kalpaka are ideal for cultivation in rice fallow for food use owing to their high yield, good cooking quality and low cyanogen content. The triploids are better suited for industrial use owing to their high tuberous root dry biomass production. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Robot‐assisted staging using three robotic arms for endometrial cancer: Comparison to laparoscopy and laparotomy at a single institution
Authors: Jung Yong Wook , Lee Dae Woo , Kim Sang Wun , Nam Eun Ji , Kim Jae Hoon , Kim Jae Wook , Kim Young Tae 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of robot‐assisted staging surgery using three arms in patients with endometrial cancer.MethodsOne hundred nine patients with clinical stage I endometrial cancer who underwent staging surgery at Yonsei University Health System were enrolled from May 2006 to January 2009. Patient demographics and operative outcomes were prospectively collected.ResultsRobotic surgery using three arms was performed in 28 patients, laparoscopy in 25, and laparotomy in 56. There were no differences among the three groups in terms of patient demographics. The number of harvested pelvic lymph nodes was lower in the laparoscopy group than in the laparotomy group (18.36 ± 7.25 vs. 24.39 ± 10.08, respectively, P = 0.025), but there was no difference between the robot and laparotomy groups. The number of resected para‐aortic lymph nodes and operative time did not differ among the three groups. The average hospital stay was longer for the laparotomy group than the robot and laparoscopy groups (10.78 days vs. 7.92 days vs. 7.67 days, respectively, P < 0.001). Operative complications and transfusions developed more frequently in the laparotomy group than in the robot and laparoscopy groups (25.0% vs. 7.1% vs. 8.0%, respectively, P = 0.049; 42.9% vs. 14.3% vs. 16.0%, respectively, P = 0.006).ConclusionRobot‐assisted surgery using three arms is a feasible method for surgical staging in patients with clinical stage I endometrial cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;101:116–121. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A diagnostic interview for acute stress disorder for children and adolescents
Authors: Miller Alisa , Enlow Michelle Bosquet , Reich Wendy , Saxe Glenn 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe goal of this study was to develop a semistructured clinical interview for assessing acute stress disorder (ASD) in youth and test its psychometric properties. Youth (N = 168) with an acute burn or injury were administered the acute stress disorder module of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA‐ASD). The DICA‐ASD demonstrated strong psychometric properties, including high internal consistency (α = .97) and perfect diagnostic interrater agreement (κ = 1.00). Participants diagnosed with ASD scored significantly higher than those not diagnosed on validated traumatic stress symptomatology measures but not on other symptomatology measures, providing evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Preliminary evidence supports the reliability and validity of the first semistructured clinical interview for diagnosing ASD in youth.
The influence of a major disaster on suicide risk in the population
Authors: Mezuk Briana , Larkin Gregory Luke , Prescott Marta R. , Tracy Melissa , Vlahov David , Tardiff Kenneth , Galea Sandro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe authors investigated the relationship between the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and suicide risk in New York City from 1990 to 2006. The average monthly suicide rate over the study period was 0.56 per 100,000 people. The monthly rate after September 2001 was 0.11 per 100,000 people lower as compared to the rate in the period before. However, the rate of change in suicide was not significantly different before and after the disaster, and regression discontinuity analysis indicated no change at this date. There was no net change in the suicide rate in New York City attributable to this disaster, suggesting that factors other than exposure to traumatic events (e.g., cultural norms, availability of lethal methods) may be key drivers of suicide risk in this context.
Wind erosion on mining waste in southeast Spain
Authors: Brotons J. Moreno , Díaz A. Romero , Sarría F. Alonso , Serrato F. Belmonte 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMining activities are one of the most persistent causes of soil degradation by pollution of heavy metals on the planet. They generate huge amounts of wastes that are deposited over extensive areas. Due to the grain size of the mining wastes, they are prone to wind erosion. As a consequence of their composition with heavy metal, the eroded material can be a potential pollutant of soil and air. This means they are potential pollutants of both the atmosphere and the surrounding soils, not to mention the high risk on they pose the nearby populations.This research evaluates the amount of wind‐mobilized material and its heavy metal content in sterile slag ponds located in the Cartagena–La Unión area (southeast Spain), which had been a mining area for thousands of years until its demise in 1991. Specific collectors were designed to measure the sediment transported by the wind into the dust traps. They were placed on sterile lag at three heights (21, 42 and 63 cm.) and eight wind directions (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW).The results show a high concentration of heavy metals, especially zinc and lead, which could have harmful effects on nearby towns, farming areas and beaches. In some cases, soils located near mining areas, which could potentially be turned over to agriculture, are degraded by heavy metal pollution to the extent that practically they can be considered as desert. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymerization of the new double‐charged monomer bis‐1,3(N,N,N‐trimethylammonium dicyanamide)‐2‐propylmethacrylate and ionic conductivity of the novel polyelectrolytes
Authors: Shaplov Alexander S. , Lozinskaya Elena I. , Losada Ricardo , Wandrey Christine , Zdvizhkov Alexander T. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Malyshkina Inna A. , Vygodskii Yakov S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe achievement of high ionic conductivity in single‐ion conducting polymer electrolytes is one of the important aims for various electrochemical devices including modern lithium batteries. One way to enhance the ionic conductivity in polyelectrolyte systems is to increase the quantity of charge carriers in each monomer unit. Highly charged poly(bis‐1,3(N,N,N‐trimethylammonium)‐2‐propylmethacrylate) with one of the most conducting anions, namely dicyanamide, was prepared via free radical bulk polymerization or using ionic liquids as reaction medium. The cationic polymers of the double‐charged monomer have molar masses up to $\bar {M}_w$ = 1,830,000 g/mol and the ionic conductivity equal to 5.51 × 10−5 S/cm at 25°C. The film forming ability, crystallinity, thermal stability, and glass transition temperatures of the new polymeric ionic liquids obtained from detailed studies are presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bio‐based hyperbranched polyurethane/clay nanocomposites: adhesive, mechanical, and thermal properties
Authors: Deka Harekrishna , Karak Niranjan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe unison of vegetable oil‐based hyperbranched polymers with nanotechnology can unhook myriad of avant‐garde applications of such materials. Thus Mesua ferrea L. seed oil‐based hyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU)/clay nanocomposites and their performance, with special reference to adhesive strength, are reported for the first time. The nanocomposites of the hyperbranched polyurethane with organically modified nanoclay were obtained by ex situ solution technique and cured by bisphenol‐A‐based epoxy with poly(amido amine) hardener system. The partially exfoliated and well‐distributed structure of nanoclay was confirmed by XRD, SEM, and TEM studies. FTIR spectra indicate the presence of H‐bonding between nanoclay and the polymer matrix. Two times improvement in the adhesive strength and scratch hardness, 10 MPa increments in the tensile strength and 112°C more thermo‐stability have been observed without much affecting the impact resistance, bending, and elongation at break of the nanocomposites compared to the pristine epoxy modified HBPU system. Thus, the resulted nanocomposites are promising materials for different advanced applications including adhesive. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and colloidal parameters of miniemulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate
Authors: Yildiz Ufuk , Capek Ignac , Sarov Yanko , Corobea Mihai C , Polovkova Julia 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The miniemulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate initiated by a macromonomeric azoinitiator (macroinimer, MIM) and stabilized by the non‐ionic emulsifier Tween 60 (TW‐60) was investigated.RESULTS: The monomer conversion and the polymerization rate increase with the amount of MIM and then decrease. The desorption rate constants were estimated using the Ugelstad/O'Toole, Gilbert and Nomura models. The Ugelstad/O'Toole and Gilbert models suggest an increase in the k′des value with increasing emulsifier concentration at the highest MIM concentration while the Nomura model proposes no variation in k′des with an increase in both TW‐60 and MIM concentrations. The polymerization rate increases in the following order with regard to initiator: MIM < ammonium persulfate < dibenzoyl peroxide < 2, 2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile.CONCLUSION: The increase in the rate of polymerization can be discussed in terms of both increased particle concentration and the gel effect. The size of the polymer particles decreases and the number of polymer particles increases with both TW‐60 and MIM concentrations. This behaviour is attributed to the formation of a larger number of smaller monomer and/or polymer particles and higher particle nucleation rate. The observed long nucleation period for the MIM‐initiated polymerization is attributed to the creation of a crosslinked structure and the immobilization of MIM chains. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Structural stability of clean GaAs nanowires grown along the [111] direction
Authors: Magri Rita , Rosini Marcello , Casetta Flavio 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUsing a first‐principles approach we have calculated the formation energies of small diameter GaAs nanowires (NWs) with both zinc‐blende and wurtzite structure grown along the [111] direction. The section of the wires is hexagonal and the side facets are oriented either {11‐20} and {10‐10} in the case of the wurtzite structure, and {110} and {112} for the zinc‐blende structure. The formation energy of the nanowires as a function of their radius is then interpreted in terms of a model in which the energy contributions from the bulks, the flat surfaces and the ridges are taken explicitly into account. We find that the nanowire stability is mainly explained by the competition between the bulk energy, favoring the zincblende structure and the surface energies favoring the wurtzite structure. We find also that the directly calculated formation energies of some small diameter wurtzite NWs can be reproduced by our model taking into account only the bulk and flat surface contributions. That is, the ridges do not contribute substantially to the nanowire formation energy. Inspection of the ridge structure and band structure reveals that this good agreement occurs when the NWs are semiconducting and the ridges do not add more dangling bonds to the surface with respect to those provided by the sidewalls. Within our model we find the critical diameter for the wurtzite‐zinc‐blende transition at 6.3 nm. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation of As‐rich (2x4) – III‐As (001) surfaces by wet chemical treatment and vacuum annealing
Authors: Tereshchenko Oleg E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe GaAs and InAs (001) surfaces chemically treated in HCl‐isopropanol solution (HCl‐iPA) and annealed in vacuum were studied by means of photoemission, low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The photoemission results demonstrated that the chemical treatment removed native oxides from Ga(In)As surfaces and yielded As‐rich surface with several monolayers of excess arsenic and small amounts of GaClx (InClx). Annealing at relatively low‐temperatures induced desorption of this overlayer and revealed a clean arsenic‐rich (2x4)/c (2x8) structure on GaAs and InAs(100) surfaces. The structural properties of chemically prepared III‐As (001) surfaces were found to be similar to those obtained by decapping of As‐capped epitaxial layers. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Top gated graphene transistors with different gate insulators
Authors: Pezoldt Jörg , Hummel Christian , Hanisch Antonia , Hotovy Ivan , Kadlecikova Magdalena , Schwierz Frank 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTop gated graphene field effect transistors with AlN and Si3N4 gate insulator materials were fabricated by plasma assisted deposition. Transistors with an AlN top gate insulator showed a reduced mobility and channel carrier density, whereas for the transistors with Si3N4 dielectric an increase of the mobility and a decrease of the channel carrier density was observed. The reduced carrier density can be explained by bond formation between the insulator and the graphene sheets. The different behaviour of the carrier mobility is due to defect passivation by H2 in case of Si3N4 and defect formation in the graphene channel for the AlN gate insulator. A reduced transconductance in top gate device configurations compared to the back gate configurations was observed, which can be caused by the Klein paradox or differences in the trap densities in the top gate insulators. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical investigation of CuPc thin films on vicinal Si(111)
Authors: Ding Li , Himcinschi Cameliu , Friedrich Marion , Zahn Dietrich R. T 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCuPc thin films were grown on the hydrogenated vicinal Si(111) surfaces by organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD). Spectroscopic ellipsometry was employed to determine the refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k). Furthermore, the ratio of the out‐of‐plane to the in‐plane absorption intensity provides the average tilting angle of molecules in the film. Reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) shows the optical anisotropy of CuPc thin films induced by the vicinal Si(111) surfaces, which indicates the in‐plane orientation of molecules. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Self‐assembled monolayers on silicon oxide
Authors: Belgardt Christian , Graaf Harald , Baumgärtel Thomas , Borczyskowski Christian von 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe evaluated the wet‐chemical formation of octa‐decyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self‐assembled monolayers on silicon substrates with a silicon oxide layer. Our investigations were focussed on the influence of the reaction time on the surface energy. The surface energy was thereby calculated by measuring the static contact angle of two probe liquids on the surface. We found that only high reaction times of several hundred minutes yield a high quality monolayer with a minimal surface energy. A clear increase of the dispersive part of the surface energy for short reaction times is found. This can be explained by a high ratio of gauche‐conformation within the alkyl chains accompanied by a rather slow rearrangement of the chains inside the monolayer to form a densely packed all‐trans conformation. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic growth of Pb on the vicinal Si surface
Authors: Fokin D. A. , Bozhko S. I. , Dubost V. , Debontridder F. , Ionov A. M. , Cren T. , Roditchev D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe have studied the growth of Pb‐islands on a clean vicinal surface of Si(557). Using the Scanning Tunneling Microscopy we show that while in general the growth follows the Stransky‐Krastanov scenario, the peculiar structure of the formed Pb‐islands and, in particular form and pancake‐like layered structure that reflects the minimum in the total electron energy due to the quantum confinement. The Pb EG mode is apparently realized in the case of homoepitaxy during the topmost layer of the nanoisland growth. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comprehensive model for interface recombination at a‐Si:H/c‐Si interfaces based on amphoteric defects
Authors: Steingrube S. , Steingrube D. S. , Brendel R. , Altermatt P. P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractToday, most fabricated solar cells are made of crystalline Silicon (c‐Si) wafers. Electronic passivation of defect states at interfaces is a major issue in recent cell development. A current topic is surface passivation using hydrogenated amorphous Silicon (a‐Si:H). The purpose of this paper is to describe recombination at the a‐Si:H/c‐Si interface by a comprehensive model considering recombination via amphoteric defects. The density of defect states at the interface (Dit) is modeled via the Defect‐Pool‐Model(DPM), adapted to a‐Si:H/c‐Si interfaces by fitting to published experimental data. Since our model accounts for the amphoteric nature of defects at the hetero‐interface, and approximates Dit by a physical model, parameters are physical more meaningful and allow for an investigation of measured recombination properties. A numerical comparison between different recombination models shows that using amphoteric recombination statistics is more generally applicable. The purpose is to apply the model in numerical semiconductor device simulators for accurate modeling of a‐Si:H passivated c‐Si solar cells. Limitations of cell performance due to interface recombination can then be traced back to physical parameters which helps to optimize cell designs (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A climatological study of transient–mean‐flow interactions over West Africa
Authors: Leroux Stephanie , Hall Nicholas M. J. , Kiladis George N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA statistical study is made of the relationship between intraseasonal variations in mid‐tropospheric flow over West Africa and transient‐eddy activity during the June‐September monsoon season, in order to investigate the interaction between the African Easterly Jet (AEJ), African Easterly Waves (AEWs) and convection. NCEP2 reanalyses are used together with Outgoing Long‐wave Radiation (OLR) data from June‐September 1979‐2007. Intraseasonal variability in the 600 hPa zonal wind is isolated using a 10‐120 day filter. The leading Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) describes north‐south displacements of the jet axis. Episodes of AEW activity over the continent are evaluated in terms of the perturbation kinetic energy (PKE) of the less‐than‐six‐day high‐pass filtered wind at 700 and 850 hPa. PKE and OLR are also filtered for the intraseasonal signal. Lag covariance analyses reveal a two‐way interaction between the AEJ and synoptic‐scale transients. Prior to episodes of enhanced transient activity, the AEJ is strengthened in the jet entrance region. During and following these episodes, the AEJ is strengthened on the northern flank of the jet exit region. E‐vector analysis shows that this displacement of the AEJ is consistent with forcing by transients that have an AEW‐like structure. Analysis of OLR shows that periods of enhanced transient activity over West Africa are associated with enhanced convection over the region at intraseasonal time‐scales, and are correlated with prior episodes of enhanced convection to the east, in the ‘convective trigger’ region identified by Thorncroft et al. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Phosphopeptide enrichment with stable spatial coordination on a titanium dioxide coated glass slide
Authors: Imanishi Susumu Y. , Kouvonen Petri , Smått Jan‐Henrik , Heikkilä Mikko , Peuhu Emilia , Mikhailov Andrey , Ritala Mikko , Lindén Mika , Corthals Garry L. , Eriksson John E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecent advances in phosphoproteomics have established powerful tools to analyze phosphorylation events. However, their spatial localization is lost due to sample homogenization procedures prior to the analysis. Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) has emerged as a method to visualize the spatial distribution of molecules in tissue samples, but its application is still limited to relatively abundant molecules. Due to low phosphorylation stoichiometry, direct detection and imaging of protein phosphorylation by MS has not been achieved yet. Therefore we have developed a novel phosphopeptide enrichment strategy as a potential tool for in situ affinity imaging MS (AIMS). A specific type of titanium dioxide (TiO2)‐coated glass slides was designed and validated with casein tryptic digests for their ability to selectively retain phosphopeptides while maintaining their spatial coordination. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photocrosslinking of a novel α,ω‐unsaturated copolyamide: mass spectrometric study on model compounds with benzophenone as photoinitiator
Authors: Mintsa Marion N'Negue , Lecamp Laurence , Loutelier‐Bourhis Corinne , Lange Catherine M. , Baumgarten Sigrid , Bunel Claude 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe aim of this work was to understand the reactions involved in the photocrosslinking processes of a α,ω‐unsaturated copolyamide foreseen as a new UV‐curable powder coating. The crosslinking reaction was photoinitiated with benzophenone. In this paper, the photochemical reaction between benzophenone and several model compounds was investigated. The model compounds contained functional groups which could be present in copolyamide. The products resulting from UV curing were identified using a combination of high‐resolution mass spectrometry and MSn experiments. The characterization of the products allowed localization of the hydrogen abstraction by the type II photoinitiator during UV curing and, consequently, the determination of the reactive sites of the unsaturated polyamide chain which were involved in the photochemical reaction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.