bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between essential cortical language sites and subcortical pathways
Authors: Ellmore Timothy M. , Beauchamp Michael S. , O'Neill Thomas J. , Dreyer Stephen , Tandon Nitin 
Published: April 2009

Object
Maps produced using either electrical stimulation or functional imaging have demonstrated a distributed network of cortical regions involved in expressive and receptive language tasks. The pattern of connectivity among components of this network has begun to be explored with diffusion tensor (DT) imaging, but has yet to be completely characterized. In this study the authors used DT imaging–based tractography to examine the interrelationship between cortical areas found to be essential for language by intraoperative electrical stimulation.

Methods
The authors localized the arcuate fasciculus (AF), a white matter fiber system connecting frontal and parietotemporal areas in 10 patients, 9 of whom subsequently underwent left hemispheric language mapping.

Results
The authors found that 81 (79%) of 102 essential language sites (ELSs) were closely related to the AF. Of all ELSs, 59% were located within 7.5 mm of AF fiber pathway terminations, and another 20% contained pathways terminating closer to the AF than would be expected by chance (p < 0.05). Additionally, direct subcortical stimulation of the AF following focal cerebral resections produced transient language deficits. The close spatial relationship found between ELSs and the AF suggests that tractography data alone may be used for localization of ELSs.

Conclusions
The deficits evoked by subcortical stimulation validate and demonstrate the utility of this AF localization technique, and provide further evidence that the AF is an important pathway for fluent language. Taken together, these results demonstrate that DT imaging of the AF may be used to predict the location of brain areas that will be eloquent by the standards of stimulation mapping.
Autoinduction of Protein Expression
Authors: Fox Brian G. , Blommel Paul G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis unit contains protocols for the use of lactose‐derived autoinduction in Escherichia coli. The protocols allow for reproducible expression trials to be undertaken with minimal user intervention. A basic protocol covers production of unlabeled proteins for functional studies. Alternate protocols for selenomethionine labeling for X‐ray structural studies, and multi‐well plate growth for screening and optimization are also included. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 56:5.23.1‐5.23.18. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of Oxidative Modification of Proteins
Authors: Yan Liang‐Jun 
Published: April 2009

AbstractProteins are targets of oxidative modification. This unit describes detailed procedures for the analysis of popular indices of protein oxidation including protein carbonyl formation, loss of protein thiols, and nitrotyrosine and dityrosine formation, as well as isoaspartate formation. Procedures are detailed for the analysis of protein carbonyls labeled with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine, tritiated sodium borohydride, and biotin‐hydrazide, followed by detection measurements that are based on the distinguishing feature of each labeling chemical. Methods are outlined for the determination of protein cysteine oxidation by quantifying the loss of free protein thiols using radiolabeled [14C]‐iodoacetamide. Protocols are described for the measurement of protein dityrosine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, as are the details for the detection of protein nitrotyrosine by a competitive ELISA approach. Finally, methods are described for the quantification of protein‐bound isoaspartate using protein‐L‐isoaspartyl methyltransferase that converts aberrant L‐isoaspartyl residues in peptides and proteins to normal aspartyl residues. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 56:14.4.1‐14.4.28. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Frontonasal dysplasia, severe neuropsychological delay, and midline central nervous system anomalies: Report of 10 Brazilian male patients
Authors: Guion‐Almeida Maria Leine , Richieri‐Costa Antonio 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHere we report on 10 male patients with frontonasal dysplasia, cleft lip/palate, mental retardation, lack of language acquisition, and severe central nervous system involvement. Imaging studies disclosed absence of the corpus callosum, midline cysts, and an abnormally modeled cerebellum. Neuronal heterotopias were present in five patients and parieto‐occipital encephalocele in three patients. We suggest that this pattern found exclusively in males, most likely represents a newly recognized syndrome distilled from the group of disorders subsumed under frontonasal dysplasia. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A child with terminal 14q deletion syndrome: Consideration of genotype–phenotype correlations
Authors: Schlade‐Bartusiak Kamilla , Ardinger Holly , Cox Diane W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPatients with terminal deletions of chromosome 14 usually share a number of clinical features. The syndrome is thought not to be associated with multiple congenital anomalies. We report on a patient having a terminal deletion of about 3.2 Mb, with the breakpoint in 14q32.32. Multiple health problems led to his early death. By molecular techniques (array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)), we identified two previously reported patients with deletions in the terminal part of chromosome 14 of almost exactly the same size and compare the phenotypes of all three children. The phenotype of the current patient is much more severe than the phenotypes of the two patients reported previously. The patients also present different sets of dysmorphic features described previously as characteristic for 14q deletion syndrome. Molecular cytogenetic mapping showed that the breakpoints in all three patients were clustered within a 240 kb interval. The possibility of recurrent breakpoint location in terminal 14q deletion syndrome, as well as detailed characterization of the spectrum of phenotypes associated with the syndrome, will require the investigation of multiple patients with similar deletions in 14q. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Professional exposure to pesticides and Parkinson disease
Authors: Elbaz Alexis , Clavel Jacqueline , Rathouz Paul J. , Moisan Frédéric , Galanaud Jean‐Philippe , Delemotte Bernard , Alpérovitch Annick , Tzourio Christophe 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveWe studied the relation between Parkinson disease (PD) and professional exposure to pesticides in a community‐based case‐control study conducted in a population characterized by a high prevalence of exposure. Our objective was to investigate the role of specific pesticide families and to perform dose‐effect analyses.MethodsPD cases (n = 224) from the Mutualité Sociale Agricole (France) were matched to 557 controls free of PD affiliated with the same health insurance. Pesticide exposure was assessed using a 2‐phase procedure, including a case‐by‐case expert evaluation. Analyses of the relation between PD and professional exposure to pesticides were first performed overall and by broad category (insecticides, fungicides, herbicides). Analyses of 29 pesticide families defined based on a chemical classification were restricted to men. Multiple imputation was used to impute missing values of pesticide families. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression, both using a complete‐case and an imputed dataset.ResultsWe found a positive association between PD and overall professional pesticide use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–3.1), with a dose‐effect relation for the number of years of use (p = 0.01). In men, insecticides were associated with PD (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.1–4.3), in particular organochlorine insecticides (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.2–5.0). These associations were stronger in men with older onset PD than in those with younger onset PD, and were characterized by a dose‐effect relation in the former group.InterpretationOur results support an association between PD and professional pesticide exposure, and show that some pesticides (ie, organochlorine insecticides) may be more particularly involved. Ann Neurol 2009;66:494–504
Transcranial ultrasound in clinical sonothrombolysis (TUCSON) trial
Authors: Molina Carlos A. , Barreto Andrew D. , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Sierzenski Paul , Malkoff Marc D. , Rubiera Marta , Gonzales Nicole , Mikulik Robert , Pate Greg , Ostrem James , Singleton Walter , Manvelian Garen , Unger Evan C. , Grotta James C. , Schellinger Peter D. , Alexandrov Andrei V. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectiveMicrospheres (μS) reach intracranial occlusions and transmit energy momentum from an ultrasound wave to residual flow to promote recanalization. We report a randomized multicenter phase II trial of μS dose escalation with systemic thrombolysis.MethodsStroke patients receiving 0.9mg/kg tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) with pretreatment proximal intracranial occlusions on transcranial Doppler (TCD) were randomized (2:1 ratio) to μS (MRX‐801) infusion over 90 minutes (Cohort 1, 1.4ml; Cohort 2, 2.8ml) with continuous TCD insonation, whereas controls received tPA and brief TCD assessments. The primary endpoint was symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) within 36 hours after tPA.ResultsAmong 35 patients (Cohort 1 = 12, Cohort 2 = 11, controls = 12) no sICH occurred in Cohort 1 and controls, whereas 3 (27%, 2 fatal) sICHs occurred in Cohort 2 (p = 0.028). Sustained complete recanalization/clinical recovery rates (end of TCD monitoring/3 month) were 67%/75% for Cohort 1, 46%/50% for Cohort 2, and 33%/36% for controls (p = 0.255/0.167). The median time to any recanalization tended to be shorter in Cohort 1 (30 min; interquartile range [IQR], 6) and Cohort 2 (30 min; IQR, 69) compared to controls (60 min; IQR, 5; p = 0.054). Although patients with sICH had similar screening and pretreatment systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels in comparison to the rest, higher SBP levels were documented in sICH+ patients at 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 24–36 hours following tPA bolus.InterpretationPerflutren lipid μS can be safely combined with systemic tPA and ultrasound at a dose of 1.4ml. Safety concerns in the second dose tier may necessitate extended enrollment and further experiments to determine the mechanisms by which microspheres interact with tissues. In both dose tiers, sonothrombolysis with μS and tPA shows a trend toward higher early recanalization and clinical recovery rates compared to standard intravenous tPA therapy. Ann Neurol 2009;66:28–38
Early‐onset absence epilepsy caused by mutations in the glucose transporter GLUT1
Authors: Suls Arvid , Mullen Saul A. , Weber Yvonne G. , Verhaert Kristien , Ceulemans Berten , Guerrini Renzo , Wuttke Thomas V. , Salvo‐Vargas Alberto , Deprez Liesbet , Claes Lieve R. F. , Jordanova Albena , Berkovic Samuel F. , Lerche Holger , De Jonghe Peter , Scheffer Ingrid E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAbsence epilepsies of childhood are heterogeneous with most cases following complex inheritance. Those cases with onset before 4 years of age represent a poorly studied subset. We screened 34 patients with early‐onset absence epilepsy for mutations in SLC2A1, the gene encoding the GLUT1 glucose transporter. Mutations leading to reduced protein function were found in 12% (4/34) of patients. Two mutations arose de novo, and two were familial. These findings suggest GLUT1 deficiency underlies a significant proportion of early‐onset absence epilepsy, which has both genetic counseling and treatment implications because the ketogenic diet is effective in GLUT1 deficiency. Ann Neurol 2009;66:415–419
Complex biopolymeric systems at stalk/epicuticular wax plant interfaces: A near infrared spectroscopy study of the sugarcane example
Authors: Purcell Deborah E. , O'Shea Michael G. , Kokot Serge 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNaturally occurring macromolecules present at the epicuticular wax/stalk tissue interface of sugarcane were investigated using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Investigations of water, cellulose, and wax‐cellulose interrelationships were possible using NIRS methods, where in the past many different techniques have been required. The sugarcane complex interface was used as an example of typical phenomena found at plant leaf/stalk interfaces. This detailed study showed that sugarcane cultivars exhibit spectral differences in the CHn, water OH, and cellulose OH regions, reflecting the presence of epicuticular wax, epidermis, and ground tissue. Spectrally complex water bands (5276 cm−1 and 7500–6000 cm−1) were investigated via freeze‐drying experiments which revealed sequentially a complex band substructure (7500–6000 cm−1), a developing weak H‐bonding system (∼7301 cm−1), and strong H‐bonding (∼7062 cm−1) assigned to water—cellulose interactions. Principal component analysis techniques clarified complex band trends that developed during the desorption experiment. Bands from wax‐free stalk were minimized in the 4327–4080 cm−1 region (CHn vibrational modes associated with long chain fatty compounds), while bands from the stalk tissue (particularly lignin and moisture) became more pronounced. This work is a comprehensive guide to similar studies by scientists involved in a variety of plant and fiber research fields. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 642–651, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Pattern of cavities in globins: The case of human hemoglobin
Authors: Savino Carmelinda , Miele Adriana E. , Draghi Federica , Johnson Kenneth A. , Sciara Giuliano , Brunori Maurizio , Vallone Beatrice 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOur aim is to shed light on the conservation of potential ligand docking sites that play an important role in ligand dynamics of globins by using the technique of filling internal cavities naturally present in hemoglobin and myoglobin with xenon atoms. In particular, we present the high resolution structures of the Xe‐adduct of deoxygenated wild type human hemoglobin and a quadruple mutant (L(B10)Y and H(E7)Q in α and β chains). For the sake of comparison we also determined under the same experimental conditions the xenon complex of wild type sperm whale myoglobin. The analysis revealed that the number and position of Xe binding cavities are different in the α and β subunits, the latter being more similar to myoglobin. Notably, no proximal Xe docking site was detected in hemoglobin, at variance with myoglobin. The pattern of internal cavities accessibility and affinity for xenon suggests a different role for the dynamics of ligand migration in the two types of hemoglobin chains as compared to myoglobin. The number and position of hydrophobic cavities in hemoglobin are briefly discussed also in comparison with the data available for other members of the globin superfamily. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 1097–1107, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Actual innocence: is death different?
Authors: Acker James R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSupreme Court jurisprudence relies heavily on the premise that “death is different” from other criminal sanctions, and that capital cases entail commensurately demanding standards of reliability. Although invoked most frequently with respect to sentencing, both precedent and logic suggest that heightened reliability applies as well to guilt determination in capital trials. Nevertheless, recurrent and highly visible wrongful convictions in capital cases have affected public opinion, contributed to a precipitous decline in new death sentences, and led to calls for reforms designed to guard against the risk of executing innocent persons. This article examines the implications of the “death is different” doctrine for the problem of wrongful convictions in both capital and non‐capital cases. It argues that innovations designed to enhance reliability in the special context of death‐penalty prosecutions are important in their own right, but relevant new safeguards also should extend to criminal cases generally, where innocent people are similarly at risk and wrongful convictions are far more prevalent. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collaborative web learning tools: Wikis and blogs
Authors: Rubio Ramoón , Martín Santiago , Morán Samuel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOver the last few years an evolution has taken place in the way users communicate through the web. New web technologies and, above all, the new role of the users have led to the appearance of innovative web applications based on collective intelligence or social intelligence. In these applications the users play an active part: for the first time, the users, as part of a community, give their opinions, create, access, edit and participate in the contents. Applications of this type form part of “web 2.0” which can be summed up as a new philosophy or concept of how to use Internet. This article gives an overview of web 2.0 and the potential impact of its use in education. Our research group considers that, in the future, the use of tools of this type will be a fundamental part of communications with students in both b‐learning and in e‐learning. Thus, we have attempted to develop pedagogic support for web 2.0 tools that enables us, from an educational standpoint, to rely on applications of this type. At the same time a survey was made among teachers and students in the University School of Technical Industrial Engineering (EUITI) in Gijón to analyse the current status of their knowledge of these new technologies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 502–511, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com; DOI 10.1002/cae.20218
Right common iliac aneurysm by peripheral computed tomographic angiography
Authors: Gopal Ambarish , Pal Raveen , Budoff Matthew J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis is a 77‐year‐old diabetic woman with history of claudication (Rutherford Category 2). Due to fear of underestimating disease with ankle‐brachial index in a person with diabetes and advancing age, a CT angiogram was performed. The right common iliac artery had aneurysmal disease (3.4 cm) and a thrombus of right internal iliac artery. There was also a 40% stenosis of right external iliac artery and a left subtotal internal iliac stenosis at the origin. Given it's non‐invasive nature and high diagnostic accuracy, CTA is poised to become the noninvasive test of choice in patients with suspected PAD or in patients at risk for obstructive vascular disease. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partial prolapse of a HELEX device associated with early frame fracture and mitral valve perforation
Authors: Qureshi Athar M. , Mumtaz Muhammad A. , Latson Larry A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOne or more breaks in the wire frame of the HELEX Septal Occluder (W.L. Gore and Associates, Flaggstaff, Arizona) were identified in 5% of patients in the multicenter pivotal trial leading to FDA approval. Fractures of the perimeter frame have not previously been associated with any apparent deleterious clinical effects. We report a case in which the broken ends of wire at a frame fracture were located in a position that resulted in perforation of the anterior mitral valve leaflet. There was significant mitral regurgitation and the device was removed surgically. The possible etiologies and prevention of wire frame fractures are also discussed. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary venous wedge pressure provides a safe and accurate estimate of pulmonary arterial pressure in children with shunt‐dependent pulmonary blood flow
Authors: Hill Kevin D. , Janssen Dana , Ohmstede David P. , Doyle Thomas P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives:To compare two methods of pulmonary arterial pressure measurement in children with shunt‐dependent pulmonary blood flow.Background:In children with shunt‐dependent pulmonary blood flow, direct assessment of pulmonary arterial pressure requires passage of a catheter across the shunt. This can be technically difficult and dangerous. Use of the pulmonary venous wedge pressure offers an alternative but has not been validated in this patient population.Methods:We prospectively studied 18 children with shunt‐dependent pulmonary blood flow. Pulmonary venous wedge pressure and directly measured pulmonary arterial pressures were independently assessed by two blinded cardiologists.Results:Directly measured mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary venous wedge pressure are closely correlated (R2 = 0.80, P < 0.01). Agreement between the two measures is improved at lower mean pressures with greater differences at higher pressures. For 20 of 24 ipsilateral measurements, pulmonary venous wedge pressure was ≥ directly measured pulmonary arterial pressure. Pulmonary venous wedge pressure never underestimated pulmonary arterial pressure by more than 3 mm Hg.Conclusions:Pulmonary venous wedge pressure provides a safe and accurate means of estimating pulmonary arterial pressure in children with shunt‐dependent pulmonary blood flow. The slightly lower pressures seen on direct measurement compared with the reverse pulmonary vein may reflect impairment of flow across the shunt by the catheter. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carina modification T stenting, a new bifurcation stenting technique: Clinical and angiographic data from the first 156 consecutive patients
Authors: Al Rashdan Ibrahim , Amin Haitham 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectives:To describe a new technique, the Carina Modification T stenting (CMT), which will provide an easily reproducible strategy for tackling bifurcation lesions in different patient and anatomic subsets.Background:The optimal treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions remains problematic. The question of using one stent in the main vessel (MV) with PTCA of the side‐branch (SB) versus stenting both arms (MV and SB) is debated. More importantly, the technique of choice once a two‐stent approach is chosen is suboptimal because of technical difficulties encountered. This includes lack of osteal side branch coverage, difficulties with access to the side‐branch for a mandatory final balloon kissing, and the presence of thrombogenic layers of crushed stents.Methods:We describe here the CMT procedure for bifurcational coronary stenosis, and present the angiographic and clinical outcomes in 156 consecutive patients who underwent bifurcation PCI using CMT in our center.Results:Short and medium term results show a 99% procedural success rate with low major adverse coronary events (MACE), including a low rate of clinical restenosis. MACE free survival rate at 48 months follow‐up was 88%.Conclusions:The new CMT method of bifurcational PCI demonstrated advantages in terms of technical feasibility, ostial side branch coverage, and favorable patient outcome. Further evaluation with larger studies and long term follow‐up is warranted. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.