bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instant interaction driven adaptive gaze control interface
Authors: Qian Kun , Arichi Tomoki , Edwards A. David , Hajnal Joseph V. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGaze estimation is long been recognised as having potential as the basis for human-computer interaction (HCI) systems, but usability and robustness of performance remain challenging . This work focuses on systems in which there is a live video stream showing enough of the subjects face to track eye movements and some means to infer gaze location from detected eye features. Currently, systems generally require some form of calibration or set-up procedure at the start of each user session. Here we explore some simple strategies for enabling gaze based HCI to operate immediately and robustly without any explicit set-up tasks. We explore different choices of coordinate origin for combining extracted features from multiple subjects and the replacement of subject specific calibration by system initiation based on prior models. Results show that referencing all extracted features to local coordinate origins determined by subject start position enables robust immediate operation. Combining this approach with an adaptive gaze estimation model using an interactive user interface enables continuous operation with the 75th percentile gaze errors of 0.7$$^\circ $$

∘

, and maximum gaze errors of 1.7$$^\circ $$

∘

during prospective testing. There constitute state-of-the-art results and have the potential to enable a new generation of reliable gaze based HCI systems.
Cymoxanil disrupts RNA synthesis through inhibiting the activity of dihydrofolate reductase
Authors: Kazmirchuk Thomas David Daniel , Burnside Daniel. J. , Wang Jiashu , Jagadeesan Sasi Kumar , Al-gafari Mustafa , Silva Eshan , Potter Taylor , Bradbury-Jost Calvin , Ramessur Nishka Beersing , Ellis Brittany , Takallou Sarah , Hajikarimlou Maryam , Moteshareie Houman , Said Kamaleldin B. , Samanfar Bahram , Fletcher Eugene , Golshani Ashkan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe agricultural fungicide cymoxanil (CMX) is commonly used in the treatment of plant pathogens, such as Phytophthora infestans. Although the use of CMX is widespread throughout the agricultural industry and internationally, the exact mechanism of action behind this fungicide remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to elucidate the biocidal mechanism underlying CMX. This was accomplished by first performing a large-scale chemical-genomic screen comprising the 4000 haploid non-essential gene deletion array of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that gene families related to de novo purine biosynthesis and ribonucleoside synthesis were enriched in the presence of CMX. These results were confirmed through additional spot-test and colony counting assays. We next examined whether CMX affects RNA biosynthesis. Using qRT-PCR and expression assays, we found that CMX appears to target RNA biosynthesis possibly through the yeast dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme Dfr1. To determine whether DHFR is a target of CMX, we performed an in-silico molecular docking assay between CMX and yeast, human, and P. infestans DHFR. The results suggest that CMX directly interacts with the active site of all tested forms of DHFR using conserved residues. Using an in vitro DHFR activity assay we observed that CMX inhibits DHFR activity in a dose-dependent relationship.
Phosphatidylcholine levels regulate hyphal elongation and differentiation in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Suzawa Tetsuki , Iwama Ryo , Fukuda Ryouichi , Horiuchi Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFilamentous fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms that differentiate into diverse cellular forms. Recent research demonstrated that phospholipid homeostasis is crucial for the morphogenesis of filamentous fungi. However, phospholipids involved in the morphological regulation are yet to be systematically analyzed. In this study, we artificially controlled the amount of phosphatidylcholine (PC), a primary membrane lipid in many eukaryotes, in a filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae, by deleting the genes involved in PC synthesis or by repressing their expression. Under the condition where only a small amount of PC was synthesized, A. oryzae hardly formed aerial hyphae, the basic structures for asexual development. In contrast, hyphae were formed on the surface or in the interior of agar media (we collectively called substrate hyphae) under the same conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that supplying sufficient choline to the media led to the formation of aerial hyphae from the substrate hyphae. We suggested that acyl chains in PC were shorter in the substrate hyphae than in the aerial hyphae by utilizing the strain in which intracellular PC levels were controlled. Our findings suggested that the PC levels regulate hyphal elongation and differentiation processes in A. oryzae and that phospholipid composition varied depending on the hyphal types.
Virtual social grooming in macaques and its psychophysiological effects
Authors: Disarbois Eloïse , Duhamel Jean-René 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAllogrooming is a widespread, pervasive activity among non-human primates. Besides its hygienic function, it is thought to be instrumental in maintaining social bonds and establishing hierarchical structures within groups. However, the question arises as to whether the physiological and social benefits derived from social touch stem directly from body stimulation, or whether other mechanisms come into play. We address this question by analyzing an elaborate social behavior that we observed in two adult male macaques. This behavior demonstrates the existence of a persistent motivation to interact through a form of simulated grooming, as the animals were housed in adjacent enclosures separated by a glass panel preventing direct tactile contact. We find that such virtual grooming produces similar physiological sensations and social effects as allogrooming. We suggest that this behavior engages affective and reward brain circuits to the same extent as real social touch, and that this is probably achieved through high level processes similar to those involved in bodily illusions or synaesthetic phenomena previously described in humans. This observation reveals the unsuspected capacity of non-human primates to invent alternative, quasi-symbolic strategies to obtain effects similar to those provided by direct bodily interaction, which are so important for maintaining social bonds.
Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages based on geodetector: Jiarong Tibetan in Western Sichuan, China
Authors: Li Yunzhang , Fan Wenling , Yuan Xiaowen , Li Jingya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractJiarong Tibetan is a regional group with distinctive regional characteristics and possess precious traditional village resources. Studying the spatial distribution and influencing factors of traditional villages is of vital significance for the protection and renewal of villages and the revitalization of cultural heritage. Nevertheless, due to the fact that the Jiarong Tibetan inhabited area has not been clearly defined for a long time, there is a lack of holistic discussion on the distribution features and driving mechanisms of traditional villages in this region. In order to fill this research gap, the paper is the first to break away from the existing county administrative divisions to define the study area. Moreover, the analysis is carried out by using the nearest neighbor index, kernel density, GoeDa and Geodetector, etc. for traditional villages at national-level and provincial-level. The results show that the spatial distribution of the traditional villages of Jiarong Tibetan is characterized by typical aggregation, with the core intensive area in Danba County and the sub-core intensive area in the central and northern parts. The results of factor detection show that the spatial distribution pattern of the traditional villages is the consequence of the synergistic effect of multiple factors, and the interaction effect is significantly enhanced. The economic level and climatic conditions play a controlling role, and population, elevation, intangible cultural heritage and rivers also have notable effects. The findings of study can offer scientific guidance and suggestions for the inheritance and development of traditional villages in Jiarong Tibetan settlement area.
Retrieving a file binder from a bookshelf using pseudo-curved trajectory generation for a foldable robotic hand
Authors: Ikeda Hidetoshi , Saeki Takumi , Takabayashi Kota 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHuman-assistive robots need to perform trajectory making for and control of a robotic hand along the many rotating mechanisms in our living spaces. If such trajectory control can be performed without high-cost sensors, certainly a significant cost reduction in building the robot will be achieved. This paper describes a method of retrieving a file binder by generating a pseudo-curved trajectory for tilting it using a simple system. A simple claw mechanism with a switch sensor to grasp an object was designed and 3D-printed, and it was attached to a 6-DOF foldable robotic hand developed by the authors. A method for generating a pseudo-curved trajectory using the switch sensor was developed, and the robotic hand was successfully moved along this trajectory to tilt and grasp a file binder to retrieve it from a bookshelf. Experiments to clarify the success rate were also conducted, and it was found that the results depend on the rotational speed of manipulator links and the vibration of the claw mechanism link. A rubber sponge was added to give flexibility to the claw mechanism, which significantly improved the success rate. Furthermore, a control system to recover from tilting failure was constructed, and its effectiveness was validated by experiments.
The association between hematologic traits and aneurysm-related subarachnoid hemorrhage: a two-sample mendelian randomization study
Authors: Peng Kang , Adegboro Abraham Ayodeji , Li Yanwen , Liu Hongwei , Xiong Biao , Li Xuejun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeveral hematologic traits have been suggested to potentially contribute to the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IA). The purpose of this study is to explore the causal association between hematologic traits and the risk of IA. To explore the causal association between hematologic traits and the risk of IA, we employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Two independent summary-level GWAS data were used for preliminary and replicated MR analyses. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was employed as the primary method in the MR analyses. The stabilities of the results were further confirmed by a meta-analysis. In the preliminary MR analysis, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.0047), basophil count (p = 0.0219) had a suggestive inverse causal relationship with the risk of aneurysm-associated subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The monocyte percentage of white cells (p = 0.00956) was suggestively positively causally correlated with the risk of aSAH. In the replicated MR analysis, only the monocyte percentage of white cells (p = 0.00297) remained consistent with the MR results in the preliminary analysis. The hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and basophil count no longer showed significant causal relationship (p > 0.05). Meta-analysis results further confirmed that only the MR result of monocyte percentage of white cells reached significance in the random effect model and fixed effect model. None of the 25 hematologic traits was causally associated with the risk of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (uIA). This study revealed a suggestive positive association between the monocyte percentage of white cells and the risk of aSAH. This finding contributes to a better understanding that monocytes/macrophages could participate in the risk of aSAH.
Enhanced quantum coherence of plasmonic resonances with a chiral exceptional points
Authors: Lu Yu-Wei , Liu Jing-Feng , Liu Renming , Jiang Hao-Xiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile strategies to enhance the quantum coherence of plasmonic resonances have attracted a lot of attention in the past, the advent of non-Hermitian optics carries promising possibilities in this direction, mostly of which are still unexplored. In this work, we show that the quantum coherence of plasmonic resonances can be enhanced by integrating a plasmonic antenna in a photonic cavity operated at a chiral exceptional point (CEP), where the phase of light offers an additional degree of freedom for flexibly manipulating the quantum dynamics. The few-mode quantization theory is employed to demonstrate the advantages and related quantum-optics applications of the proposed hybrid cavity in both off- and on-resonance plasmon-photon coupling. For the former case, the local density of states evolves into sub-Lorentzian lineshape, resulting in reduced dissipation of polaritonic states. On resonance, we identify two mechanisms improving the quantum yield by two orders of magnitude at room temperature: the reduction of plasmonic absorption through Fano interference and the enhancement of cavity radiation through superscattering. Our results establish CEP-engineered plasmonic resonances as a promising platform for controlling quantum states and building high-performance quantum devices.
Strong-wind events control barchan dune migration
Authors: Ren Hongjing , Gao Xin , Zhao Yongcheng , Lei Jiaqiang , De Maeyer Philippe , De Wulf Alain 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWind is the most important external force in shaping aeolian landforms. Yet, it remains unclear what role the strong-wind events will play in the development of aeolian landforms compared with the effect of regular winds. A fundamental question is, what are the contributions of different wind speed levels to the deformation of aeolian landforms. Here, through in situ measurements of high-sampling-rate wind data and high-resolution topographic data, we analyzed short-term strong-wind events at different levels and monitored the rapid migration of barchan dunes, enabling us to provide a first report on the contribution rate of short-term strong winds to dune migration. Leveraging the linear relationship between sand flux and the migration distance of barchans, we found that the ratio of sand flux generated by short-term strong winds to the total sand flux is equal to the ratio of barchan migration distance caused by strong winds to the total migration distance in the same period. Moreover, a global analysis of three typical barchan fields confirmed the relationship. This study suggests that the development of aeolian landforms is dominantly controlled by the short-term strong-wind events rather than the previously reported time-averaging wind.
Household-level effects of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in the Gambia
Authors: Soremekun Seyi , Conteh Bakary , Nyassi Abdoullah , Soumare Harouna M. , Etoketim Blessed , Ndiath Mamadou Ousmane , Bradley John , D’Alessandro Umberto , Bousema Teun , Erhart Annette , Moreno Marta , Drakeley Chris 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
In 2022 the WHO recommended the discretionary expansion of the eligible age range for seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) to children older than 4 years. Older children are at lower risk of clinical disease and severe malaria so there has been uncertainty about the cost-benefit for national control programmes. However, emerging evidence from laboratory studies suggests protecting school-age children reduces the infectious reservoir for malaria and may significantly impact on transmission. This study aimed to assess whether these effects were detectable in the context of a routinely delivered SMC programme.

Methods
In 2021 the Gambia extended the maximum eligible age for SMC from 4 to 9 years. We conducted a prospective population cohort study over the 2021 malaria transmission season covering 2210 inhabitants of 10 communities in the Upper River Region, and used a household-level mixed modelling approach to quantify impacts of SMC on malaria transmission.

Results
We demonstrate that the hazard of clinical malaria in older participants aged 10+ years ineligible for SMC decreases by 20% for each additional SMC round per child 0–9 years in the same household. Older inhabitants also benefit from reduced risk of asymptomatic infections in high SMC coverage households. Spatial autoregression tests show impacts are highly localised, with no detectable spillover from nearby households.

Conclusions
Evidence for the transmission-reducing effects of extended-age SMC from routine programmes implemented at scale has been previously limited. Here we demonstrate benefits to the entire household, indicating such programmes may be more cost-effective than previously estimated.
Planning to fail? How science can respond to reduced climate mitigation ambition
Authors: Marsden Greg , Schwanen Tim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe prospect of remaining within 1.5C of planetary warming relies on developed economies tracking increasingly steep and challenging emission reduction pathways. This paper explores how the UK is now proactively planning to miss its targets, using the surface transport sector as a critical case. It discusses how the research–policy interface might both challenge downgraded ambition and provide more actionable routes forward.
Reduced travel emissions through a carbon calculator with accessible environmental data: a case study in Madison, Wisconsin
Authors: Bulson Erin E. , Kontar Wissam , Ahn Soyoung , Hicks Andrea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe echoing environmental toll of the transportation system calls for a drastic need to move beyond carbon-intensive modes of transportation into more sustainable ones. With the rise of emerging modes of transportation, this transition is more promising than ever. In this work, we take a travel-centric approach to promoting and accelerating the transition away from carbon-intensive modes of transportation by informing travelers about their emissions. A carbon calculator—as a function of trip distance and Well-to-Wheel (WTW) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)—was developed and embedded on a website platform. Users would input their trip distance, and the calculator outputs the carbon footprint (CO2e) of the trip if it was to be done through seven different modes: car (gasoline), car (hybrid), car (electric), bus, electric bike, bike, and walking. In addition, the calculator outputs the equivalent of CO2e as cheeseburgers for a more intuitive display. The overall goal of this work is to understand how travelers respond to being exposed to carbon footprint information. This serves as a step forward in realizing a sustainable transportation system. We make available the calculator online through this link. Study results indicated that trip distance, environmental awareness, age, income, and mode of transportation used were the most influential features in predicting modal shifts. Importantly, the majority of modal shifts resulted in reduced CO2e emissions.
Lattice solvent- and substituent-dependent spin-crossover in isomeric iron(ii) complexes
Authors: Kuppusamy Senthil Kumar , Mizuno Asato , Kämmerer Lea , Salamon Soma , Heinrich Benoît , Bailly Corinne , Šalitroš Ivan , Wende Heiko , Ruben Mario 
Published: May 2024

Studies on iron(ii) complexes composed of isomeric ligands reveal that one of the complexes—1·CH3CN—undergoes bi-stable spin-state switching with T1/2 = 298 K and ΔT1/2 = 44 K.
RFLSE: Joint radiomics feature‐enhanced level‐set segmentation for low‐contrast SPECT/CT tumour images
Authors: Guo Zhaotong , Qin Pinle , Zeng Jianchao , Chai Rui , Wu Zhifang , Zhang Jinjing , Qin Jia , Jin Zanxia , Zhao Pengcheng , Wang Yixiong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDoctors typically use non‐contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (NCECT) in the treatment of kidney cancer to map kidney and tumour structural information to functional imaging single‐photon emission computed tomography, which is then used to assess patient kidney function and predict postoperative recovery. However, the assessment of kidney function and formulation of surgical plans is constrained by the low contrast of tumours in NCECT, which hinders the acquisition of accurate tumour boundaries. Therefore, this study designed a radiomics feature‐enhanced level‐set evolution (RFLSE) to precisely segment small‐sample low‐contrast kidney tumours. Integration of high‐dimensional radiomics features into the level‐set energy function enhances the edge detection capability of low‐contrast kidney tumours. The use of sensitive radiomics features to control the regional term parameters achieves adaptive adjustment of the curve evolution amplitude, improving the level‐set segmentation process. The experimental data used low‐contrast, limited‐sample tumours provided by hospitals, as well as the public datasets BUSI18 and KiTS19. Comparative results with advanced energy functionals and deep learning models demonstrate the precision and robustness of RFLSE segmentation. Additionally, the application value of RFLSE in assisting doctors with accurately marking tumours and generating high‐quality pseudo‐labels for deep learning datasets is demonstrated.
Umfrage „Hafer und Hafertage in der Therapie des
Typ-2-Diabetes“
Authors: Keuthage Winfried , Gärtner Sophie , Konstanski Moritz , Debring Bianca , Frank Wenzel Leon 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Befragung von Fachkräften zum aktuellen therapeutischen Einsatz von
Hafertagen bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes (T2D) und anderen Erkrankungen im
stationären und ambulanten Bereich in Deutschland.
Methodik Es wurde eine online-basierte, quantitative Umfrage durchgeführt,
an der initial 232 Fachkräfte (Diabetesberater*innen, Ärzt*innen,
Ernährungsfachkräfte) teilnahmen, 82 Personen beendeten die Umfrage innerhalb
der ersten drei Fragen. Zu den übrigen Fragen erfolgten minimal 109 und maximal
150 Antworten. Eine zusätzlich durchgeführte PubMed-Recherche identifizierte
drei Studien zu den Stoffwechseleffekten von Hafertagen bei Menschen mit
T2D.
Ergebnisse Fast alle Teilnehmenden, die von den therapeutischen Effekten
der Hafertage gehört hatten, halten diese für sinnvoll und empfehlen sie Ihren
Patient*innen (94%). Als häufigste Gründe für den Einsatz der Hafertage wurden
T2D (85%), Insulinresistenz/Prä-Diabetes (81%) und Fettleber (81%) genannt.
Deutlich öfter als die strengen (6%) seien modifizierte Hafertage (93%) zu
empfehlen. Die Befragten gaben an, dass bei den Patient*innen, die die
Hafertagen einsetzten, positive Effekte auf die benötigte Insulinmenge (bei 70%)
und auf die Nüchtern-Blutglukosewerte (bei 60%) zu beobachten waren. Am
häufigsten werden die Hafertage an einem Tag pro Woche (50%) beziehungsweise an
zwei Tagen pro Monat (41%) durchgeführt. In der Literatur wurden drei
Interventionsstudien identifiziert, welche zeigten, dass Hafertage zu einer
signifikanten Senkung der Insulindosis führten. Bei zwei der Studien konnte vier
Wochen nach den Hafertagen ein verminderter HbA1c-Wert nachgewiesen werden.
Darüber hinaus gibt es zahlreiche Daten zu den Effekten von Hafer-Beta-Glucan
bei T2D, aber auch bei anderen Indikationen wie Fettleber,
Fettstoffwechselstörungen und Adipositas.
FazitDie Umfrage bestätigt die hohe Akzeptanz von Hafertagen in der
Therapie bei Menschen mit T2D im stationären und ambulanten Bereich.