bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Assessment of Suture Type, Water Temperature, and Surgeon Skill in Juvenile Chinook Salmon Surgically Implanted with Acoustic Transmitters
Authors: Deters Katherine A. , Brown Richard S. , Carter Kathleen M. , Boyd James W. , Eppard M. Brad , Seaburg Adam G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study assessed performance of seven suture types in subyearling Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha implanted with acoustic microtransmitters and held at two water temperatures (12°C and 17°C). Nonabsorbable (Ethilon) and absorbable (Monocryl) monofilament sutures and nonabsorbable (Nurolon and silk) and absorbable (Vicryl, Vicryl Plus, and Vicryl Rapide) braided sutures were used to close incisions in Chinook salmon. When differences existed among suture types, tag and suture retention were generally highest for monofilament sutures. Wound inflammation and ulceration were generally lower for Ethilon and Monocryl than for most of the braided sutures. In this study, Nurolon (braided) often resulted in low wound inflammation and ulceration, although suture retention was poor. Generally, fish held in 12°C water had more desirable postsurgery healing characteristics (i.e., higher tag and suture retention; lower incision openness, wound inflammation, and ulceration) at 7 and 14 d postsurgery than fish held in 17°C water. On days 34 and 63, tag retention remained high among fish in 12°C water, while suture retention decreased dramatically in both water temperatures. We found a significant effect of surgeon on tag and suture retention, wound inflammation and ulceration, and incision openness. Surgeons in this study were initially thought to have similar surgical proficiency based on their extensive previous experience. However, surgeons who had received feedback on their previous surgical technique performed better in this study. Results indicate that surgical training (i.e., feedback) and perhaps aptitude, rather than surgeon experience alone, may be as important as suture type in influencing the retention of sutures and tags. The overall results support the conclusion that Monocryl is the best suture material for closing incisions created during surgical implantation of acoustic microtransmitters in subyearling Chinook salmon. Future research should include testing different suturing patterns and knotting techniques as well as the number of knots required for different incision lengths.
SimSmoke Model Evaluation of the Effect of Tobacco Control Policies in Korea: The Unknown Success Story
Authors: Levy David T. , Cho Sung-il , Kim Young-Mee , Park Susan , Suh Mee-Kyung , Kam Sin 
Published: May 2010

Objectives. We evaluated the effect of strict tobacco control policies, implemented beginning in 1995 in the Republic of Korea, on smoking prevalence and deaths.Methods. SimSmoke is a simulation model of the effect of tobacco control policies over time on smoking initiation and cessation. It uses standard attribution methods to estimate lives saved as a result of new policies. After validating the model against smoking prevalence, we used it to determine the Korean policies' effect on smoking prevalence.Results. The model predicted smoking prevalence accurately between 1995 and 2006. We estimated that 70% of the 24% relative reduction in smoking rates over that period was attributable to tobacco control policies, mainly tax increases and a strong media campaign, and that the policies will prolong 104 812 male lives by the year 2027.Conclusions. Our results document Korea's success in reducing smoking prevalence and prolonging lives, which may serve as an example for other Asian nations. Further improvements may be possible with higher taxes and more comprehensive smoke-free laws, cessation policies, advertising restrictions, and health warnings.
Global Tobacco Control Diffusion: The Case of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Authors: Wipfli Heather L. , Fujimoto Kayo , Valente Thomas W. 
Published: May 2010

Objectives. We analyzed demographic and social network variables associated with the timing of ratification of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). Methods. We compiled a 2-mode data set that recorded country participation in FCTC negotiations, as well as the number of individuals per country per year who joined an online tobacco control network. We used logistic regression analysis of these 2 data sets along with geographic location to determine whether exposure to prior FCTC adoptions was associated with a country's likelihood of adoption. Results. In the logistic regression analysis, higher income and more nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) involved in the Framework Convention Alliance (a network dedicated to the FCTC) were associated with being among the earliest adopters (for income, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.55; for NGOs, AOR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.26, 2.17) or among early adopters (for income, AOR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.09, 1.84; for NGOs, AOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.45). Network exposure and event history analysis showed that in addition to income, the likelihood of adoption increased with increasing affiliation exposure to FCTC adopters through GLOBALink (an online network facilitating communication between tobacco control advocates). Conclusions. Public health programs should include a plan for creating opportunities for network interaction; otherwise, adoption and diffusion will be delayed and the investments in public health policy greatly diminished.
The “We Card” Program: Tobacco Industry “Youth Smoking Prevention” as Industry Self-Preservation
Authors: Apollonio Dorie E. , Malone Ruth E. 
Published: May 2010

The “We Card” program is the most ubiquitous tobacco industry “youth smoking prevention” program in the United States, and its retailer materials have been copied in other countries. The program's effectiveness has been questioned, but no previous studies have examined its development, goals, and uses from the tobacco industry's perspective. On the basis of our analysis of tobacco industry documents released under the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement, we concluded that the We Card program was undertaken for 2 primary purposes: to improve the tobacco industry's image and to reduce regulation and the enforcement of existing laws. Policymakers should be cautious about accepting industry self-regulation at face value, both because it redounds to the industry's benefit and because it is ineffective.
The “Father of Stress” Meets “Big Tobacco”: Hans Selye and the Tobacco Industry
Authors: Petticrew Mark P. , Lee Kelley 
Published: May 2010

The concept of stress remains prominent in public health and owes much to the work of Hans Selye (1907–1982), the “father of stress.” One of his main allies in this work has never been discussed as such: the tobacco industry. After an analysis of tobacco industry documents, we found that Selye received extensive tobacco industry funding and that his research on stress and health was used in litigation to defend the industry's interests and argue against a causal role for smoking in coronary heart disease and cancer. These findings have implications for assessing the scientific integrity of certain areas of stress research and for understanding corporate influences on public health research, including research on the social determinants of health.
Clean Indoor Air Ordinance Coverage in the Appalachian Region of the United States
Authors: Ferketich Amy K. , Liber Alex , Pennell Michael , Nealy Darren , Hammer Jana , Berman Micah 
Published: May 2010

Objectives. We sought to quantitatively examine the pattern of, and socioeconomic factors associated with, adoption of clean indoor air ordinances in Appalachia. Methods. We collected and reviewed clean indoor air ordinances in Appalachian communities in 6 states and rated the ordinances for completeness of coverage in workplaces, restaurants, and bars. Additionally, we computed a strength score to measure coverage in 7 locations. We fit mixed-effects models to determine whether the presence of a comprehensive ordinance and the ordinance strength were related to community socioeconomic disadvantage. Results. Of the 332 communities included in the analysis, fewer than 20% had adopted a comprehensive workplace, restaurant, or bar ordinance. Most ordinances were weak, achieving on average only 43% of the total possible points. Communities with a higher unemployment rate were less likely and those with a higher education level were more likely to have a strong ordinance. Conclusions. The majority of residents in these communities are not protected from secondhand smoke. Efforts to pass strong statewide clean indoor air laws should take priority over local initiatives in these states.
Hospital Admissions for Acute Myocardial Infarction, Angina, Stroke, and Asthma After Implementation of Arizona's Comprehensive Statewide Smoking Ban
Authors: Herman Patricia M. , Walsh Michele E. 
Published: May 2010

Objectives. We examined the impact of Arizona's May 2007 comprehensive statewide smoking ban on hospital admissions for diagnoses for which there is evidence of a causal relationship with secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure (acute myocardial infarction [AMI], angina, stroke, and asthma). Methods. We compared monthly hospital admissions from January 2004 through May 2008 for these primary diagnoses and 4 diagnoses not associated with SHS (appendicitis, kidney stones, acute cholecystitis, and ulcers) for Arizona counties with preexisting county or municipal smoking bans and counties with no previous bans. We attributed reductions in admissions to the statewide ban if they occurred only in diagnoses associated with SHS and if they were larger in counties with no previous bans. We analyzed the data with Poisson regressions, controlling for seasonality and admissions trends. We also estimated cost savings. Results. Statistically significant reductions in hospital admissions were seen for AMI, angina, stroke, and asthma in counties with no previous bans over what was seen in counties with previous bans. No ban variable coefficients were statistically significant for diagnoses not associated with SHS. Conclusions. Arizona's statewide smoking ban decreased hospital admissions for AMI, stroke, asthma, and angina.
The Unmet Health Care Needs of Homeless Adults: A National Study
Authors: Baggett Travis P. , O'Connell James J. , Singer Daniel E. , Rigotti Nancy A. 
Published: May 2010

Objectives. We assessed the prevalence and predictors of past-year unmet needs for 5 types of health care services in a national sample of homeless adults. Methods. We analyzed data from 966 adult respondents to the 2003 Health Care for the Homeless User Survey, a sample representing more than 436 000 individuals nationally. Using multivariable logistic regression, we determined the independent predictors of each type of unmet need. Results. Seventy-three percent of the respondents reported at least one unmet health need, including an inability to obtain needed medical or surgical care (32%), prescription medications (36%), mental health care (21%), eyeglasses (41%), and dental care (41%). In multivariable analyses, significant predictors of unmet needs included food insufficiency, out-of-home placement as a minor, vision impairment, and lack of health insurance. Individuals who had been employed in the past year were more likely than those who had not to be uninsured and to have unmet needs for medical care and prescription medications. Conclusions. This national sample of homeless adults reported substantial unmet needs for multiple types of health care. Expansion of health insurance may improve health care access for homeless adults, but addressing the unique challenges inherent to homelessness will also be required.
Policy Support, Norms, and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Before and After Implementation of a Comprehensive Smoke-Free Law in Mexico City
Authors: Thrasher James F. , Pérez-Hernández Rosaura , Swayampakala Kamala , Arillo-Santillán Edna , Bottai Matteo 
Published: May 2010

Objectives. We assessed attitudes and beliefs about smoke-free laws, compliance, and secondhand smoke exposure before and after implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law in Mexico City.Methods. Trends and odds of change in attitudes and beliefs were analyzed across 3 representative surveys of Mexico City inhabitants: before implementation of the policy (n = 800), 4 months after implementation (n = 961), and 8 months after implementation (n = 761).Results. Results indicated high and increasing support for 100% smoke-free policies, although support did not increase for smoke-free bars. Agreement that such policies improved health and reinforced rights was high before policy implementation and increased thereafter. Social unacceptability of smoking increased substantially, although 25% of nonsmokers and 50% of smokers agreed with smokers' rights to smoke in public places at the final survey wave. Secondhand smoke exposure declined generally as well as in venues covered by the law, although compliance was incomplete, especially in bars.Conclusions. Comprehensive smoke-free legislation in Mexico City has been relatively successful, with changes in perceptions and behavior consistent with those revealed by studies conducted in high-income countries. Normative changes may prime populations for additional tobacco control interventions.
Tobacco Cessation via Public Dental Clinics: Results of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Gordon Judith S. , Andrews Judy A. , Albert David A. , Crews Karen M. , Payne Thomas J. , Severson Herbert H. 
Published: May 2010

Objectives. We sought to compare the effectiveness of a dental practitioner advice and brief counseling intervention to quit tobacco use versus usual care for patients in community health centers on tobacco cessation, reduction in tobacco use, number of quit attempts, and change in readiness to quit. Methods. We randomized 14 federally funded community health center dental clinics that serve diverse racial/ethnic groups in 3 states (Mississippi, New York, and Oregon) to the intervention (brief advice and assistance, including nicotine replacement therapy) or usual care group. Results. We enrolled 2549 smokers. Participants in the intervention group reported significantly higher abstinence rates at the 7.5-month follow-up, for both point prevalence (F1,12 = 6.84; P < .05) and prolonged abstinence (F1,12 = 14.62; P < .01) than did those in the usual care group. Conclusions. The results of our study suggest the viability and effectiveness of tobacco cessation services delivered to low-income smokers via their dental health care practitioner in community health centers. Tobacco cessation services delivered in public dental clinics have the potential to improve the health and well-being of millions of Americans.
Systems Analysis of Collaboration in 5 National Tobacco Control Networks
Authors: Luke Douglas A. , Harris Jenine K. , Shelton Sarah , Allen Peg , Carothers Bobbi J. , Mueller Nancy B. 
Published: May 2010

Objectives. We studied 5 members of the National Network Consortium on Tobacco Control in Priority Populations. These networks, which consist of governmental and nongovernmental organizations, targeted lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons; Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders; American Indians and Alaska Natives; African Americans; and persons with low socioeconomic status, respectively. Methods. We used statistical network analysis modeling to examine collaboration among these national networks in 2007. Results. Network size and composition varied, but all 5 networks had extensive interorganizational collaboration. Location and work area were significant predictors of collaboration among network members in all 5 networks. Organizations were more likely to collaborate with their network's lead agency; collaborations with other agencies were more likely if they were geographically close. Collaboration was perceived to be important for achieving the goals of the national network. Conclusions. The similarity of collaboration patterns across the 5 networks suggests common underlying partnership formation processes. Statistical network modeling promises to be a useful tool for understanding how public health systems such as networks and coalitions can be used to improve the nation's health.
Can Scientists Regulate the Publication of Dual Use Research?
Authors: Resnik David B 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The growing threat of the misuse of science and technology for terrorist or criminal purposes has led scientists, institutions, professional organizations, funding agencies, journals, and governments to consider how best to control research that can be readily used to cause significant harm to public health, the economy, the environment, or national security, also known as dual use research. This commentary argues that scientists can regulate dual use research, provided that they are committed to developing effective dual use policies and a culture of shared responsibility.
In Vitro Secondary Caries Inhibition by Adhesive Systems in Enamel Around Composite Restorations
Authors: Pinto C. F. , Paes-Leme A. F. , Ambrosano G. M. B. , Giannini M. 
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance
The ability of the adhesive system to inhibit secondary caries was similar among the materials tested, according to the enamel mineral content around restorations.
Microleakage in Class II Restorations: Open vs Closed Centripetal Build-up Technique
Authors: Fabianelli A. , Sgarr A. , Goracci C. , Cantoro A. , Pollington S. , Ferrari M. 
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance
Use of the centripetal open-sandwich technique may allow for placement of a Class II resin composite restoration with better marginal adaptation, fewer voids and reduced microleakage than the closed sandwich technique.
Amalgam Repair: Quantitative Evaluation of Amalgam-resin and Resin-tooth Interfaces with Different Surface Treatments
Authors: Çehreli S. B. , Arhun N. , Celik C. 
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance
Repairing defective amalgam restorations with resin composite offers a minimally invasive solution compared to replacement; etch&rinse adhesive systems are suggested to reduce microleakage.
Influence of Carbamide Peroxide on the Flexural Strength of Tooth-colored Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Study at Different Environmental Temperatures
Authors: Yu H. , Li Q. , Lin Y. , Buchalla W. , Wang Y. 
Published: May 2010

Clinical RelevanceThe flexural strength of dental materials can be affected by carbamide peroxide. The environmental temperature can be thought to be a factor influencing the bleaching effects on dental materials.
Evaluation of Different Methods of Optical Impression Making on the Marginal Gap of Onlays Created with CEREC 3D
Authors: da Costa J. B. , Pelogia F. , Hagedorn B. , Ferracane J. L. 
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance
The marginal gap of ceramic onlays manufactured by Cerec 3D present a similar marginal gap whether the optical impression is taken intraorally using the Cerec powder or extraorally using a stone model.
In Vitro Assessment of Chemical Activation Efficiency During In-office Dental Bleaching
Authors: Travassos A. C. , Torres C. R. G. , Borges A. B. , Barcellos D. C. 
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance
To accelerate the production of free radicals, chemical agents could act by reacting with H2O2, making bleaching faster, more efficient and safer, thus diminishing the possible damaging effects associated with the application of heat sources.
Two-Year Clinical Performance of Clearfil SE and Clearfil S3 in Restoration of Unabraded Non-carious Class V Lesions
Authors: Brackett M. G. , Dib A. , Franco G. , Estrada B. E. , Brackett W. W. 
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance
No difference was observed between two adhesives. Instructions for self-etching resins should be more specific for restoration of non-carious Class V lesions, especially regarding air-drying to remove residual solvent.
Facilitators and Barriers to Exercising Among People With Osteoarthritis: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Petursdottir Unnur , Arnadottir Solveig A. , Halldorsdottir Sigridur 
Published: May 2010

BackgroundEvidence indicates that regular exercise improves the well-being of individuals with osteoarthritis (OA). However, these individuals seem to exercise less frequently than the general population and seem to have limited adherence to exercising.ObjectivesThe purposes of this study were: (1) to increase knowledge and understanding of the experience of exercising among individuals with OA and (2) to determine what they perceive as facilitators and barriers to exercising.Design and MethodThis study used a qualitative method, based on the Vancouver School of doing phenomenology, involving purposive sampling of 12 individuals and 16 interviews. The participants, 9 women and 3 men, were 50 to 82 years of age.ResultsExtended information on exercise behavior among people with OA is presented in a model in which internal and external facilitators and barriers to exercising are delineated. Based on this model, a checklist is proposed for physical therapists' assessment of these factors. Internal factors include individual attributes and personal experience of exercising, whereas external factors include the social and physical environment. The participants expressed how each of these internal and external factors could act both as a facilitator and a barrier to exercise participation and the pattern of exercising; for example, the presence of pain was an important aspect concerning internal barriers to exercising, whereas the hope of less pain was one of the main facilitators.ConclusionsIncreased knowledge and understanding of the factors influencing exercise behavior in people with OA can help physical therapists and other health care professionals support them in initiating and maintaining a healthy exercise routine and, consequently, achieving a better quality of life.
HyperForm balloon remodeling in the endovascular treatment of anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and anterior communicating artery aneurysms: clinical and angiographic follow-up results in 800 consecutive patients
Authors: Cekirge H. Saruhan , Yavuz Kivilcim , Geyik Serdar , Saatci Isil 
Published: May 2010

Object
The purpose of this paper was to present the safety, efficacy, and clinical/angiographic follow-up results of HyperForm balloon-assisted endosaccular coil occlusion of distal anterior circulation bifurcation aneurysms.

Methods
Over a 7-year period, the authors treated 864 middle cerebral artery, distal anterior cerebral artery bifurcation, and anterior communicating artery aneurysms by means of coil embolization with HyperForm balloon assistance in 800 patients. In 37 aneurysms, 2 HyperForm balloons were used simultaneously for remodeling.

Results
The overall mortality rate was 7.1%, including 1.4% procedural mortality. Various neurological deficits were present at discharge in 8.9% of the patients, and 4.4% had permanent disabling morbidity 6 months posttreatment (modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 2). Thromboembolic complications developed during the treatment of 15 aneurysms (1.7%) causing morbidity or mortality in 10 cases (1.3%). There were 14 intraoperative perforations (1.6%). In all 14 cases, the HyperForm balloon saved patients from severe bleeding. The perforation led to morbidity or mortality in 3 cases (0.4%); there were no negative consequences in 11. There were 726 patients with 757 aneurysms (87.6%) available for follow-up. Control angiograms were obtained at 6 months in 386 patients, at 1 year in 267, and at 2 years in 104, revealing an 82% complete obliteration rate according to the most recent follow-up angiograms.

Conclusions
The satisfactory results obtained in this experience demonstrate that HyperForm balloon remodeling provides strong benefits for the endovascular management of middle cerebral, anterior cerebral, and anterior communicating artery aneurysms without increasing the risk of treatment. Not only does this technique allow for the safe treatment of these aneurysms, but it also expands the indications of endovascular treatment to include aneurysms that otherwise cannot be treated with simple coil embolization.