bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Market-Driven Management, Competitive Customer Value and Global Networks
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M. 
Published: July 2012

Market-Driven Management is a corporate strategy that presupposes direct, continuous benchmarking with competitors, in a context of customer value management. Market-driven management therefore favours an ‘outside-in’ vision, based on: the identification of products with a higher value than that of the competition to provoke the intersection with demand (‘Before and Better than Competitors’). In global over-supplied markets, a firm’s success is conditioned rather by the intensity of the presence and by the level of sophistication of intangible corporate asset; in other words, the peculiar managerial capabilities that regard brand equity, information system and corporate culture.
Market-Driven Management as Entrepreneurial Approach
Authors: Vallini Carlo , Simoni Christian 
Published: July 2012

Entrepreneurship is traditionally considered as an ‘outward-looking’ phenomenon. Entrepreneurs initiate change by identifying and starting new trading opportunities, related to improved versions of existing commodities or new product or service concepts, which have been until then unknown to other agents. Market-driven management is not posited to be an alternative to entrepreneurial management, a surrogate or even a better substitute to entrepreneurship. They are, rather, two different theoretical constructs that can be fully integrated. Value creation and appropriation within the market is the node of the relationship between entrepreneurship and market-driven management.
Global Account Management for Sales Organization in Multinational Companies
Authors: Canegrati Tino 
Published: July 2012

A Global Company is not just a Multinational Company, but on top it has developed an organizational structure, an overall governance and a set of operational decision making processes which allow running a significant percentage of business processes as a unique body across borders. Successful Global Companies have a clear setup and governance of local versus centralized decision making processes, as well as budget ownership Corporations focused on global opportunities need to re-think their customer approach, namely in terms of set up of their sales force, and more specifically planning, a transformation from national based to international managed sales organization for those specific customers.
Market-Driven Management, Global Competition and Corporate Responsibility
Authors: Arrigo Elisa 
Published: July 2012

The aim of the paper is to define the role of corporate responsibility in sustainable development of global firms. To be successful, global firms must be on the alert of emerging environmental trends and do their best to improve the corporate performance in line with key stakeholder expectations. In this respect, the management of corporate social responsibility highlights the criticality of the corporate intangible assets system and the need for overall assessment of corporate performance - not only financial performance but social too.
Six Classic Distribution Paradigms for Global Marketing Channel Strategy
Authors: Rosenbloom Bert 
Published: July 2012

Global marketing has become an established fact of life for more and more businesses. Along with the large multinational corporations that have been operating on a global scale for decades, many middle market or even relatively small firms have already or will soon need to enter the global marketplace to enhance their long-term viability (Czinkota et al 1995). The growth of Internetbased e-commerce has accelerated this global trend. Marketing channels which provide the institutional structure that connects firms to the markets they serve have not escaped this global environment. In today’s world, marketing channel structure and strategy must be formulated in the context of globalization. The six distribution channel paradigms discussed are characterized as ‘classic’ because they have all appeared in the scholarly literature associated with marketing channels and distribution systems for many years and in some cases many decades.
Retailers, Frontiers of Innovation and Local Legislative Constraints
Authors: Tassinari Vincenzo 
Published: July 2012

The role of retail has deeply changed over the last years. Today, large scale retailers are no longer perceived as mere sellers of products. A modern, advanced retailer, must be able to innovate and enrich the value of the offer throughout its network, integrating more and more goods and services under an umbrella brand that increases distinctiveness and loyalty. In order to do so, it is necessary to have an entrepreneurial ability oriented towards evolution of demand, a socially-focused company mission, but also a legislative landscape that allows for this innovation process.
Debt, Deleveraging and Business Cycles: An Agent-Based Perspective
Authors: Raberto Marco , Teglio Andrea , Cincotti Silvano 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe recent financial crises pointed out the central role of public and private debt in modern economies. However, even if debt is a recurring topic in discussions about the current economic situation, economic modeling does not take into account debt as one of the crucial determinants of economic dynamics. The authors’ contribution, in this paper, is to investigate the issues of borrowing and debt load by means of computational experiments, performed in the environment of the agent-based Eurace simulator. The authors aim to shed some light on the relation between debt and main economic indicators. Their results clearly confirm that the amount of credit in the economy is a very important variable, which can affect economic performance in a twofold way: fostering growth or pushing the economy into recession or crisis. The outcomes of their computational experiments show a rich scenario of interactions between real and financial variables in the economy, and therefore represent a truly innovative tool for the study of economics.
Indirect Genetic Characterization of Serratia marcescens
Authors: Mohankumar A. , Hari Krishna Raj R. 
Published: July 2012

The pure culture isolate of Serratia marcescens, obtained from a clinical specimen was maintained in nutrient agar medium at 4°C. It was genetically characterized by performing 16s rRNA sequence analysis, neighbour tree exposition, phylogenetic tree construction and peptide mass fingerprinting of serratiopeptidase, obtained from it. In order to obtain high purity of serratiopeptidase from the fermentation broth of pure culture isolate of Serratia marcescens, some separation and purification techniques were also explored. The results demonstrate that the combination of bio separation processes of ammonium sulfate precipitation with ion exchange chromatography is suitable for the separation and purification of serratiopeptidase from culture broth of Serratia marcescens. Peptide mass finger printing was performed and the amino acid sequence of serratiopeptidase was elucidated, compared and confirmed with clustal pair wise alignment database tool to confirm that the product produced and purified was serratiopeptidase from Serratia marcescens. Thus, indirectly Serratia marcescens has been completely genetically characterized using its therapeutically important product serratiopeptidase and the 16s rRNA sequencing of the bacteria.
Oral anticoagulation with edoxaban
Authors: Bode C. , Ahrens I. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryEdoxaban (the former DU176b) an orally available direct factor Xa inhibitor has been engineered from DX-9065a, which was one of the first parenteral Xa inhibitors. Edoxaban has a time to peak plasma concentrations of 1–2 hours and a half-life of approximately 10 hours after multiple doses. Edoxaban is the third new oral anticoagulant in the group of direct factor Xa inhibitors that has gained clinical approval for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after major orthopaedic surgery. Currently, edoxaban is assessed in late stage clinical development for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48, NCT00781391) and for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism (HOKUSAI VTE, NCT00986154).Both clinical phase III trials represent the largest single clinical studies in their entity so far with an enrolment of 21 107 patients in ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 and a planned enrolment of 7500 patients in HOKUSAI VTE.The pharmacological properties of edoxaban will be discussed along with the current late stage clinical development focusing on the prevention of stroke and venous thromboembolism.
Expanding the role of community mobilization to accelerate progress towards ending vertical transmission of HIV in Uganda: the Networks model
Authors: Mburu Gitau , Iorpenda Kate , Muwanga Fred 
Published: July 2012

IntroductionEfforts to prevent vertical transmission of HIV have gained momentum globally since the launch of the “Global plan towards the elimination of new HIV infections among children by 2015 and keeping their mothers alive”, reflecting the growing consensus that we now have low‐cost, efficacious interventions that promise to end vertical transmission of HIV. Uganda is one of the 22 focus countries in the global plan and one of the 10 countries with the highest need for prevention of vertical transmission globally. In the context of current shortfalls in the prevention of vertical HIV transmission, this paper presents the results of the Networks project, a community mobilisation model implemented by the International HIV/AIDS Alliance in Uganda, and draws out the theoretical foundations and promising community mobilization practices relevant to prevention of vertical transmission.MethodsA retrospective review of the Network project's activities, documentation and evaluation was performed.ResultsThe Networks project, through community mobilisation and greater involvement of people living with HIV, reached an estimated 1.3 million people with at least one health service. By clustering 750 groups of people living with HIV into larger coalitions, the project supported existing groups to amalgamate their collective strengths and skills in outreach, referral and literacy activities; and improved reach and coverage of HIV services through strengthened linkages with healthcare facilities. Our analysis of the Networks model shows that it could contribute to the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV as a replicable and sustainable community mobilisation approach. In particular, the Networks model increased the uptake of decentralized interventions for preventing vertical transmission through community referrals; promoted male involvement through peer sensitisation; and linked communities to advocacy channels for advancing maternal health and prevention of vertical HIV transmission.ConclusionsBy placing persons living with HIV at the centre, the Networks model offers a mechanism for strengthening community and male involvement in preventing vertical transmission of HIV. The role of communities and networks of people living with HIV in planning, service delivery and monitoring of national targets for prevention of vertical transmission should be further strengthened through greater community engagement in service delivery and advocacy and through the regular sharing of data between communities and health facilities.
The Tingathe programme: a pilot intervention using community health workers to create a continuum of care in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) cascade of services in Malawi
Authors: Kim Maria H , Ahmed Saeed , Buck W Chris , Preidis Geoffrey A , Hosseinipour Mina C , Bhalakia Avni , Nanthuru Debora , Kazembe Peter N , Chimbwandira Frank , Giordano Thomas P , Chiao Elizabeth Y , Schutze Gordon E , Kline Mark W 
Published: July 2012

IntroductionLoss to follow‐up is a major challenge in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme in Malawi with reported loss to follow‐up of greater than 70%. Tingathe‐PMTCT is a pilot intervention that utilizes dedicated community health workers (CHWs) to create a complete continuum of care within the PMTCT cascade, improving service utilization and retention of mothers and infants. We describe the impact of the intervention on longitudinal care starting with diagnosis of the mother at antenatal care (ANC) through final diagnosis of the infant.MethodsPMTCT service utilization, programme retention and outcomes were evaluated for pregnant women living with HIV and their exposed infants enrolled in the Tingathe‐PMTCT programme between March 2009 and March 2011. Multivariate logistic regression was done to evaluate maternal factors associated with failure to complete the cascade.ResultsOver 24 months, 1688 pregnant women living with HIV were enrolled. Median maternal age was 27 years (IQR, 23.8 to 30.8); 333 (19.7%) were already on ART. Among the remaining women, 1328/1355 (98%) received a CD4 test, with 1243/1328 (93.6%) receiving results. Of the 499 eligible for ART, 363 (72.8%) were successfully initiated. Prior to, delivery there were 93 (5.7%) maternal/foetal deaths, 137 (8.1%) women transferred/moved, 51 (3.0%) were lost and 58 (3.4%) refused ongoing PMTCT services. Of the 1318 live births to date, 1264 (95.9%) of the mothers and 1285 (97.5%) of the infants received ARV prophylaxis; 1064 (80.7%) infants were tested for HIV by PCR and started on cotrimoxazole. Median age at PCR was 1.7 months (IQR, 1.5 to 2.5). Overall transmission at first PCR was 43/1047 (4.1%). Of the 43 infants with positive PCR results, 36 (83.7%) were enrolled in ART clinic and 33 (76.7%) were initiated on ART.ConclusionsCase management and support by dedicated CHWs can create a continuum of longitudinal care in the PMTCT cascade and result in improved outcomes.
Qualitative interviews with mentor mothers living with HIV: potential impacts of role and coping strategies
Authors: Dhlamini Lebohang , Knight Lucia , van Rooyen Heidi , van Heerden Alastair , Rotheram‐Borus Mary Jane 
Published: July 2012

IntroductionIn South Africa where HIV prevalence is high, mentor mother programmes have been used to promote the health and wellbeing of women enrolled in government programmes preventing vertical transmission. The Masihambisane Project trained mentors to be educators and facilitators as “expert patients” in self‐help groups. While this and other similar interventions demonstrate positive outcomes for mothers and their children, the long‐term repercussions for mentors delivering the intervention are seldom considered. This article explores the personal impact of being a mentor, the potentially traumatizing effects of repeatedly sharing their experiences of living with HIV and the coping strategies they adopt.ResultsTowards the end of the Masihambisane intervention, 10 semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with locally recruited mentors living with HIV and were thematically analysed. Mentors found the repeated telling of their stories a painful reminder of adverse personal experiences. In some cases, retelling caused a physical reaction. Mentors relied on coping strategies like taking breaks, writing their experiences down and debriefing sessions. Despite the difficulties associated with their role, some mentors found being advisors and the group sessions therapeutic and empowering.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the inclusion of peer mentors comes with certain responsibilities. While the mentors were resilient and some found the experience therapeutic and empowering found creative ways to cope with secondary trauma, the negative implications cannot be ignored. To effectively deliver a mentor‐driven intervention to mothers enrolled in a programme to prevent vertical transmission, the possibilities of secondary trauma should be considered and mentors provided with ongoing counselling, training on coping skills and regular debriefing sessions.
Community strategies that improve care and retention along the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV cascade: a review
Authors: Marcos Yabsera , Phelps Benjamin Ryan , Bachman Gretchen 
Published: July 2012

IntroductionWhile biomedical innovations have made it possible to prevent the vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child, poor retention along the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) cascade continues to limit the impact of programmes, especially in low‐resourced settings. In many of the regions with the highest burden of HIV and the greatest number of new paediatric cases, the uptake of facility‐based care by pregnant women remains low. In such settings, the continuum of care for pregnant women and other women of reproductive age necessarily relies on the community. There is no recent review capturing effective, promising practices that are community‐based and/or employ community‐oriented groups to improve outcomes for the prevention of vertical transmission. This review summarizes those studies demonstrating that community‐based and community‐oriented interventions significantly influence retention and related outcomes along the PMTCT cascade.MethodsLiterature on retention within prevention of vertical transmission programmes available on PubMed, Psych Info and MEDLINE was searched and manuscripts reporting on key prevention of vertical transmission outcomes were identified. Short‐listed studies that captured significant PMTCT outcome improvements resulting from community‐based interventions or facility‐based employment of community cohorts (e.g. lay counsellors, community volunteers, etc.) were selected for review.ResultsThe initial search (using terms “HIV” and “PMTCT”) yielded 430 articles. These results were further narrowed using terminology relevant to community prevention of vertical transmission strategies addressing retention: “community,” “PMTCT cascade,” “retention,” “loss to follow up” and “early infant diagnosis.” Nine of these reported statistically significant improvements in key prevention of vertical transmission outcomes while meeting other review criteria. Short‐listed articles reflect diverse study designs and a variety of effective interventions. Two interventions occurred exclusively in the community and four effectively employed community groups within facilities. The remaining three integrated community‐ and facility‐based components. The outcomes of the included studies focus on knowledge (n=3) and retention along the PMTCT cascade (n=6).ConclusionsThis review captures an array of promising community‐based and community‐oriented interventions that demonstratively improve key prevention of vertical transmission outcomes. Though the strategies captured here show that such interventions work, the limited number of rigorous studies identified make it clear that expansion of community approaches and complementary reporting and related research are sorely needed.
Facilitating HIV testing, care and treatment for orphans and vulnerable children aged five years and younger through community‐based early childhood development playcentres in rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Patel Diana , Matyanga Priscilla , Nyamundaya Tichaona , Chimedza Delia , Webb Karen , Engelsmann Barbara 
Published: July 2012

IntroductionEarly diagnosis of children living with HIV is a prerequisite for accessing timely paediatric HIV care and treatment services and for optimizing treatment outcomes. Testing of HIV‐exposed infants at 6 weeks and later is part of the national prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV programme in Zimbabwe, but many opportunities to test infants and children are being missed. Early childhood development (ECD) playcentres can act as an entry point providing multiple health and social services for orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) under 5 years, including facilitating access to HIV treatment and care.MethodsSixteen rural community‐based, community‐run ECD playcentres were established to provide health, nutritional and psychosocial support for OVC aged 5 years and younger exposed to or living with HIV, coupled with family support groups (FSGs) for their families/caregivers. These centres were located in close proximity to health centres giving access to nurse‐led monitoring of 697 OVC and their caregivers. Community mobilisers identified OVC within the community, supported their registration process and followed up defaulters. Records profiling each child's attendance, development and health status (including illness episodes), vaccinations and HIV status were compiled at the playcentres and regularly reviewed, updated and acted upon by nurse supervisors. Through FSGs, community cadres and a range of officers from local services established linkages and built the capacity of parents/caregivers and communities to provide protection, aid psychosocial development and facilitate referral for treatment and support.ResultsAvailable data as of September 2011 for 16 rural centres indicate that 58.8% (n=410) of the 697 children attending the centres were tested for HIV; 18% (n=74) tested positive and were initiated on antibiotic prophylaxis. All those deemed eligible for antiretroviral therapy were commenced on treatment and adherence was monitored.ConclusionsThis community‐based playcentre model strengthens comprehensive care (improving emotional, cognitive and physical development) for OVC younger than 5 years and provides opportunities for caregivers to access testing, care and treatment for children exposed to, affected by and infected with HIV in a secure and supportive environment. More research is required to evaluate barriers to counselling and testing of young children and the long‐term impact of playcentres upon specific health and developmental outcomes.