bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectra of Dipeptide Derivatives
Authors: LUO Zaigang , ZENG Chengchu , YANG Daoshan , HUANG Yali , WANG Fang , DU Hongguang , HU Liming 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBased on the structure of the HIV integrase core domain, dipeptide derivatives, as a type of HIV integrase inhibitor, were synthesized, and their fragmentation pathways were investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MSn) in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). In order to better understand the fragmentation pathways, the MS2 and MS3 spectra of the title compound were obtained. The main fragmentation pathways occur by the cleavage of the C–CO bonds between N‐(benzothiazol‐2‐yl)aminocarbonyl and methylene, NH–CO bonds between the NH groups and carbonyl groups. Electrospray ionization was proven to be a good method for the structural characterization and identification of this kind of compound.
Highly Efficient N‐Monomethylation of Primary Aryl Amines
Authors: PENG Yiyuan , LIU Hanliang , TANG Min , CAI Lisheng , PIKE Victor 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA highly efficient method for specific synthesis of N‐monomethylarylamines is presented. Anilines were treated with acetic anhydride and triethylamine in dry CH2Cl2 to give the corresponding acetamides. The subsequent N‐monomethylation of acetyl aryl amines with methyl iodide and NaH in THF introduced methyl group. Acid hydrolysis of the N‐methyl acetanilides in ethylene glycol generated the corresponding N‐methyl‐N‐aryl amines in high yields. This method was also used to synthesize (E)‐2‐bromo‐5‐(4‐methylaminostyryl)pyridine that may be useful as an amyloid imaging agent for Alzheimer's disease.
Synthesis and in vitro Study of Novel Methylenebis(phenyl‐ 1,5‐benzothiazepine)s and Methylenebis(benzofuryl‐1,5‐benzothiazepine)s as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: SANJEEVA REDDY Cherkupally , PURNACHANDRA REDDY Gurrala , NAGARAJ Adki 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA series of methylenebis(phenyl‐1,5‐benzothiazepine)s 4 and methylenebis(benzofuryl‐1,5‐benzothiazepine)s 5 were prepared by the reaction of methylene‐bis‐chalcones 3 with 2‐aminothiophenol for 4 and followed by the condensation with chloroacetone for 5. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by their IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and elemental analyses. All the synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative bacteria and fungi. To elucidate the essential structural requirements for the antimicrobial activity, the preliminary structure‐activity relationship has been described. Among the compounds tested, the dimeric compounds 4f, 4g, 5f and 5g were found to be most active against Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sphaericus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella aerogenes and Chromobacterium violaceum. Similarly these dimeric compounds showed potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. It is interesting to note that the dimeric compounds with substituents of heterocyclic ring at the 4th position of benzothiazepine system displayed notable antibacterial activity equal to that of streptomycin and penicillin. Further, the activity of all the dimeric compounds was compared with that of their monomeric compounds, and it is interesting to note that almost all the dimeric compounds showed enhanced activity than their monomeric compounds.
Sulfamic Acid as a Green and Reusable Catalyst for the Preparation of β‐Enaminones
Authors: WANG Lei , LU Xiaohua , AN Litao , ZOU Jianping 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSulfamic acid can effectively catalyze the reaction of (‐diketones with arylamines to afford the β‐enaminones. The present method offers several advantages, such as high yield, short reaction time, mild conditions, easy work‐up and catalyst recyclability.
Synthesis and Application of Some Azo and Azomethine Dyes Containing Pyrazolone Moiety
Authors: RIZK Hala F. , El‐BORAI Mohamed A. , El‐HEFNAWY Gad B. , El‐SAYED Hatem F. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract3‐Amino‐1‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐one (1) was used as starting material for the synthesis of a number of azo compounds 3a–3c and azomethine derivative 4. The deblocking of 3a–3c and 4 gave rise to 5a–5c and 6 in which a free amino was revealed. The diazonium salts of 5a–5c and 6 were coupled with several phenols to produce a number of bis azo compounds 7a–7c and 8a–8c with azomethine in position 4 and azoic group in position 3. The prepared dyes were structurally confirmed by elemental analysis, spectral methods and applied to different fibers (wool, polyester and blend of wool/polyester) as disperse dyes and their fastness properties were measured.
Synthesis and Application of Prenyl‐Derived Photoaffinity Probes
Authors: LI Lingdong , TANG Wei , ZHAO Zongbao 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThree photoaffinity probes containing isoprenoid chains and an azide group were synthesized using one‐pot coupling reaction as the key step. The capability of these probes as labeling agents for isoprenoid chain‐interacting proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome was validated by photoaffinity reaction and "click" conjunction with the biotin reporter followed by streptavidin blot analysis.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 4,5‐Dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thione Schiff Base
Authors: SUN Xiaohong , BAI Yan , LIU Yuanfa , CHEN Bang , JIA Yingqi , ZENG Zhenfang 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe 4,5‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazole Schiff base derivatives were synthesized with 4‐amino‐4,5‐dihydro‐3‐(phenoxy‐ methyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thione and substituted benzaldehydes. The chemical structures of the compounds have been confirmed by 1H NMR, IR spectra and elemental analysis. Their biological activities were investigated, and the results showed that they exhibited good fungicidal activities.
Synthesis and Properties of Dimesogenic Compounds Containing Cholesterol and 4‐(trans‐4‐n‐Alkylcyclohexyl)‐benzoic Acid Moieties
Authors: YU Haibo , HOU Ruibin , CHEN Tie , YIN Bingzhu , MUHAMMAD Jamil , JEON Youngjae 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA series of novel dimesogenic compounds containing cholesterol and 4‐(trans‐4‐n‐alkylcyclohexyl)benzoic acid moieties were synthesized. The two mesogenic units of these compounds are linked with ω‐oxyalkanoyl spacers of varying lengths. The chemical structure and mesomorphic properties of this series of compounds were characterized by FT‐IR, MS, 1H NMR, polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and DSC techniques. The average viscosity and helical twisting power (HTP) in host liquid crystals of selected dimesogenic compounds were also measured. It was found that most of the present novel series of compounds exhibited only cholesteric mesophase with lower phase transition temperatures, and the average viscosity and HTP of selected compounds were similar to or superior to cholesteryl nonylate.
A Novel Liposomal Dexamethasone Palmitate Formulation and Anti‐inflammatory Effects on Mice
Authors: LI Ji , YANG Jing , WANG Wenxin , YU Jichen , FU Jingguo , WANG Xiaolai 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA novel dexamethasone palmitate liposomal long‐circulating (DPL long‐circulating) drug delivery system was established. The DPL long‐circulating and DPL (dexamethasone palmitate liposomal) systems were prepared by film‐distributed extrusion with phospholipid and cholesterol. The formulation stability of DPL long‐circulating and DPL were investigated. The anti‐inflammatory activity and acute toxicity of DPL long‐circulating, DPL and dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection (DSP) were evaluated with mice. The DPL long‐circulating systems were successfully prepared by film‐distributed extrusion methods. The experimental results showed that the DPL long‐circulating had uniform particle size and stable property. The DPL long‐circulating and DPL showed stronger anti‐inflammatory effect than DSP in an anti‐inflammatory test. Acute toxicity tests showed that DSP injection had lower toxicity than the DPL long‐circulating and DPL, which suggested that DPL long‐circulating and DPL had higher bioavailability with passive targeting efficacy of liposomes. The DPL long‐circulating formulation product can meet quality requirement. This formulation had stronger anti‐inflammatory effect and higher acute toxicity.
An Efficient Solvent‐free Synthetic Technique of 4,4′‐Diaminotriarylmethane Leuco Materials
Authors: JAFARPOUR Farnaz , BARDAJEE Ghasem R. , PIRELAHI Hooshang , OROOJPOUR Vahid , DEHNAMAKI Hamideh , RAHMDEL Sareh 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn efficient, versatile and solvent‐free synthetic technique of diaminotriarylmethanes was reached by treating N,N‐dimethylaniline with some arylaldehydes over zirconium(IV) oxide chloride (ZrOCl2·8H2O), in which ZrOCl2·8H2O has good activity, easy availability, recovery as well as reusability.
Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence Properties of CdTe Nanoparticles in Conjugated Polymer Hosts
Authors: GUO Fengqi , XIE Puhui 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe photoinduced energy transfer process from conjugated polymer (PPE4+) to CdTe nanocrystals was found both in solutions and in thin films by a fluorescence spectroscopic technique. Films of PPE4+ blended with CdTe‐2 nanocrystals were formed by an electrostatic layer‐by‐layer assembly technique. Light emitting diodes were fabricated using CdTe‐2 as an emitter in PPE4+ host. PPE4+ works as a molecular wire in the energy transfer process from the polymer to the CdTe‐2 nanocrystals.
Associations between lifestyle factors and quality of life among older long‐term breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors
Authors: Mosher Catherine E. , Sloane Richard , Morey Miriam C. , Snyder Denise Clutter , Cohen Harvey J. , Miller Paige E. , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Older cancer survivors are at increased risk for secondary cancers, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and functional decline and, thus, may benefit from health‐related interventions. However, to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the health behaviors of older cancer survivors and the associations of those behaviors with quality‐of‐life outcomes, especially during the long‐term post‐treatment period.METHODS:In total, 753 older (aged ≥65 years) long‐term survivors (≥5 years postdiagnosis) of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer completed 2 baseline telephone interviews to assess their eligibility for a diet and exercise intervention trial. The interviews assessed exercise, diet, weight status, and quality of life.RESULTS:Older cancer survivors reported a median of 10 minutes of moderate‐to‐vigorous exercise per week, and only 7% had Healthy Eating Index scores >80 (indicative of healthful eating habits relative to national guidelines). Despite their suboptimal health behaviors, survivors reported mental and physical quality of life that exceeded age‐related norms. Greater exercise and better diet quality were associated with better physical quality‐of‐life outcomes (eg, better vitality and physical functioning; P < .05), whereas greater body mass index was associated with reduced physical quality of life (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated a high prevalence of suboptimal health behaviors among older, long‐term survivors of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer who were interested in lifestyle modification. In addition, the findings pointed to the potential negative impact of obesity and the positive impact of physical activity and a healthy diet on physical quality of life in this population. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Anxiety and distress during active surveillance for early prostate cancer
Authors: van den Bergh Roderick C. N. , Essink‐Bot Marie‐Louise , Roobol Monique J. , Wolters Tineke , Schröder Fritz H. , Bangma Chris H. , Steyerberg Ewout W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patients on active surveillance (AS) for early prostate cancer (PC) may experience feelings of anxiety and distress while living with “untreated” cancer. In this study, these feelings were quantified, and their associations with various psychologic, medical, demographic, and decision‐related factors were assessed.METHODS:Men with recently diagnosed PC who participated in a prospective protocol‐based AS program (the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance study [PRAIS]) received a questionnaire (N = 150). Scores concerning decisional conflict (the Decisional Conflict Scale), depression (the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), generic anxiety (the abridged State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory), and PC‐specific anxiety (the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer) were compared with reference values and the literature. Associations with scores on physical health (the Medical Outcomes Study 12‐item short‐form Physical Component Summary), personality (the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire), shared decision‐making, knowledge of PC, and demographic and medical parameters were determined with univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses.RESULTS:The questionnaire response rate was 86% (129 of 150 men). Of all respondents, 81%, 92%, 83%, and 93% scored better than reference values for clinically significant uncertainty regarding the treatment decision, depression, generic anxiety, and PC‐specific anxiety, respectively. Scores were comparable to or more favorable than those of men (reported in literature) who underwent other treatments for localized PC. In multivariate analysis, the following associations emerged: a perceived important role of the physician in shared decision‐making was associated with higher decisional conflict, better physical health was associated with lower depression, neurotic personality was associated with higher depression and with generic and PC‐specific anxiety, and higher prostate‐specific antigen level was associated with higher PC‐specific anxiety.CONCLUSIONS:Men on protocol‐based AS mainly reported favorable levels of anxiety and distress. A neurotic personality score was associated with unfavorable effects. These findings may help to optimize patient selection for AS or to select men for supportive measures. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Influence of Intermolecular Vibrations on the Electronic Coupling in Organic Semiconductors: The Case of Anthracene and Perfluoropentacene
Authors: Martinelli Nicolas G. , Olivier Yoann , Athanasopoulos Stavros , Ruiz Delgado Mari‐Carmen , Pigg Kathryn R. , da Silva Filho Demétrio A. , Sánchez‐Carrera Roel S. , Venuti Elisabetta , Della Valle Raffaele G. , Brédas Jean‐Luc , Beljonne David , Cornil Jérôme 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe have performed classical molecular dynamics simulations and quantum‐chemical calculations on molecular crystals of anthracene and perfluoropentacene. Our goal is to characterize the amplitudes of the room‐temperature molecular displacements and the corresponding thermal fluctuations in electronic transfer integrals, which constitute a key parameter for charge transport in organic semiconductors. Our calculations show that the thermal fluctuations lead to Gaussian‐like distributions of the transfer integrals centered around the values obtained for the equilibrium crystal geometry. The calculated distributions have been plugged into Monte‐Carlo simulations of hopping transport, which show that lattice vibrations impact charge transport properties to various degrees depending on the actual crystal structure.
Ultrafast Structural Dynamics of Biomolecules Examined by Multiple‐Mode 2D IR Spectroscopy: Anharmonically Coupled Motions are in Harmony
Authors: Wang Jianping , Cai Kaicong , Ma Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractQuantum chemical computations, molecular dynamics simulations, and linear and nonlinear infrared spectral simulations are carried out for four representative biomolecules: cellobiose, alanine tripeptide, L‐α‐glycerylphosphorylethanolamine, and the DNA base monomer guanine. Anharmonic transition frequencies and anharmonicities for the molecules in vacuum are evaluated. Instantaneous normal‐mode analysis is performed and the vibrational frequency distribution correlations are examined for the molecules solvated in TIP3P water. Many local and regional motions of the biomolecules are predicted to be anharmonically coupled and their vibrational frequencies are predicted to be largely correlated. These coupled and correlated vibrational motions can be easily visualized by pairwise cross peaks in the femtosecond broadband two‐dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectra, which are simulated using time‐domain third‐order nonlinear response functions. A network of distinctive spectral profiles of the 2D IR cross peaks, including peak orientations and positive and negative signal patterns, are shown to be intimately connected with the couplings and correlations. The results show that the vibrational couplings and correlations, driven by solvent interactions and also by intrinsic vibrational interactions, are vibrational mode dependent and thus chemical group dependent, and form the structural and dynamical basis of the anharmonic vibrators that are ubiquitous in biomolecules.
Complex joint R&D projects: From empirical evidence to managerial implications
Authors: Arranz N. , Fdez de Arroyabe J. C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAt present, the role of joint R&D projects becomes fundamental for understanding the process of innovation. An extensive bibliography exists on the study of the organizations; however, the networks for the development of joint R&D projects themselves as a new form of organization are still a growing field of study. The aim of this article is to provide empirical evidence on joint R&D projects management. To approach this question the starting point will be that joint R&D projects are complex phenomena whose complexity derives from the heterogeneity of agents to take part, the technological process developed and from the organizational form that supports R&D projects. The empirical evidence through European R&D Programs shows the multidimensional character of the joint R&D project concept and allows analyze their different subsystems that is, technological, structural, and governance subsystem. This study not only offers a conceptual framework to help manage these projects, but also discusses practical guidelines that may be useful for its running and management. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2009
Randomness, chaos, and structure
Authors: Atay Fatihcan M. , Jalan Sarika , Jost Jürgen 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe show how a simple scheme of symbolic dynamics distinguishes a chaotic from a random time series and how it can be used to detect structural relationships in coupled dynamics. This is relevant for the question at which scale in complex dynamics regularities and patterns emerge. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 2009
Consideration of wheel slip and readhesion control for induction traction motor electric locomotives with individual traction control
Authors: Yasuoka Ikuo , Mochizuki Yasufumi , Toda Shin‐Ichi , Nakazawa Yosuke , Hongguang Gao , Huiyan Liu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe have developed a readhesion control algorithm of the traction inverter for individual motor control locomotives. This paper describes improvements in dealing with wheel slip and readhesion control for individual‐axle electric locomotives. The major torque control is based on feedback of the difference between the basic speed of the locomotive and the individual axle speed. By combining two torque control methods, we have obtained better readhesion characteristics: little influence of dynamic axle load transfer and a high achievable coefficient of adhesion exceeding 30%. These torque control characteristics were estimated test runs and the stability limits of feedback gain are shown. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 169(3): 56–64, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20883
Performance improvement of induction motor speed sensor‐less vector control system using an adaptive observer with an estimated flux feedback in low‐speed range
Authors: Fukumoto Tetsuya , Kato Yousuke , Kurita Kazuya , Hayashi Yoichi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBecause of various errors caused by the dead time of an inverter, temperature variation of resistances, and so on, speed estimation error is inevitable in speed sensor‐less vector control of an induction motor. In particular, the speed control loop becomes unstable at near‐zero frequencies. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a novel design of an adaptive observer for speed estimation. By adding a feedback loop of the error between the estimated flux and the flux command, the sensitivity of speed estimation and primary resistance identification is improved. The proposed system is analyzed and appropriate feedback gains are derived. Experimental results showed good performance in the low‐speed range. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 169(3): 33–46, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20909
IL‐7 is essential for lymphopenia‐driven turnover of colitogenic CD4+ memory T cells in chronic colitis
Authors: Tomita Takayuki , Kanai Takanori , Totsuka Teruji , Nemoto Yasuhiro , Okamoto Ryuichi , Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Sakamoto Naoya , Ohteki Toshiaki , Hibi Toshifumi , Watanabe Mamoru 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that IL‐7 is essential for the persistence of T‐cell‐mediated colitis, by showing that adoptive transfer of CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells into IL‐7−/−×RAG‐1−/− mice did not induce colitis; and that intestinal IL‐7 is not essential for this colitis model, by showing that IL‐7−/−×RAG‐1−/− mice parabiosed with colitic CD4+CD45RBhigh T‐cell‐transferred RAG‐1−/− mice developed colitis. Here, we investigated the role of IL‐7 in the maintenance of colitogenic CD4+ T cells by surgically separating these parabionts. Surprisingly, the separated IL‐7−/−×RAG‐1−/− mice were consistently diseased after separation, although no IL‐7 mRNA was detected in the tissues of separated IL‐7−/−×RAG‐1−/− partners. CD4+ T cells isolated from the separated RAG‐1−/− or IL‐7−/−×RAG‐1−/− mice were then transferred into new RAG‐1−/− or IL‐7−/−×RAG‐1−/− mice. Regardless of the source of donor cells, RAG‐1−/− recipients developed colitis, whereas IL‐7−/−×RAG‐1−/− recipients did not. Collectively, these results demonstrate that IL‐7 is essential for lymphopenia‐driven turnover of colitogenic CD4+ T cells rather than the maintenance of those cells in established colitic mice. They also provide a basis for the timing of IL‐7/IL‐7R blockade for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
L‐Arginine deprivation impairs Leishmania major‐specific T‐cell responses
Authors: Munder Markus , Choi Beak‐San , Rogers Matthew , Kropf Pascale 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe amino acid L‐arginine plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses. We have recently shown that uncontrolled replication of Leishmania parasites at the site of pathology correlates with high levels of arginase activity in nonhealing leishmaniasis and that this elevated arginase activity causes local depletion of L‐arginine. To further our understanding of the impact of L‐arginine deprivation in experimental leishmaniasis, here we characterize in detail the effects of L‐arginine deprivation on antigen‐specific T cells and MΦ. The results of our study show that decrease of L‐arginine levels in the extracellular milieu affects the biological activities of Leishmania major‐specific T cells, both at the level of the magnitude and the quality of their responses. L. major‐specific CD4+ T cells rendered hyporesponsive by L‐arginine deprivation can be partially rescued by addition of exogenous L‐arginine to produce IL‐4 and IL‐10, but not to produce IFN‐γ. Furthermore, our results show that L‐arginine deprivation also greatly impacts parasite growth in activated macrophages. In summary, our results suggest that L‐arginine levels affect both Th cell responses and parasite replication.