bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequent upregulation of MYC in plasma cell leukemia
Authors: Chiecchio Laura , Dagrada Gian Paolo , White Helen E. , Towsend Mark R. , Protheroe Rebecca K. M. , Cheung Kan Luk , Stockley David M. , Orchard Kim H. , Cross Nicholas C. P. , Harrison Christine J. , Ross Fiona M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPlasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare form of monoclonal gammopathy, which can originate de novo or evolve from multiple myeloma (MM) as a terminal leukemic phase. Previous cytogenetic studies of PCL have reported the presence of complex karyotypes with involvement of multiple unidentified chromosomal regions. We report here the analysis of 12 PCL (10 primary and two secondary) by metaphase and FISH analysis combined with oligonucleotide array data (244 k, Agilent). Interphase‐FISH results were compared with those from a series of 861 newly diagnosed patients with MM. Cytogenetic analysis was successful on 11 patients, all of whom showed clonal chromosomal abnormalities. Compared with MM, t(11;14)(q13;q32) (42% versus 15%; P = 0.027) and t(14;16)(q32;q23) (25% versus 4%; P = 0.010) were more frequent in PCL, although neither the specific partner chromosome involved in the IgH translocation nor the ploidy status predicted for survival. Chromosomes 1, 8, 13, and 16 showed the highest number of copy number alterations with 8q24 being the chromosomal region most frequently involved. In eight of 12 patients we found abnormalities (translocations, one amplification, small deletions, and duplications) that directly targeted or were very close to MYC. Only four of these changes were detected by routine FISH analysis using commercial probes with the others exclusively detected by arrays. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that these different abnormalities were associated with increased levels of MYC mRNA. We conclude that MYC dysregulation by complex mechanisms is one of the major molecular events in the oncogenesis of PCL. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association test of multiallelic gene copy numbers in family trios
Authors: Shrestha Sadeep , Aissani Brahim , Tiwari Hemant K. , Wiener Howard W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWhile recent genomic surveys reveal growing numbers of di‐allelic copy number variations, it is genes with multiallelic (>2) copy numbers that have shown association with distinct phenotypes. Current high‐throughput laboratory methods are restricted to enumerating total gene copy numbers (GCNs) per individual and not the “genotype,” i.e. gene copy per chromosome. Thus, association studies of multiallelic GCNs have been limited to comparison of median copies in different groups. Our new nonparametric statistical approach is based on GCN information within a trio‐based study design. We present theoretical derivation of the statistics and results of simulation studies that show robustness of our approach and power under several genetic models. Genet. Epidemiol. 34:2–6, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Operating on commission: analyzing how physician financial incentives affect surgery rates
Authors: Shafrin Jason 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper employs a nationally representative, household‐based dataset in order to test how the compensation method of both the specialists and the primary care providers affects surgery rates. After controlling for adverse selection, I find that when specialists are paid through a fee‐for‐system scheme rather than on a capitation basis, surgery rates increase 78%. The impact of primary care physician compensation on surgery rates depends on whether or not referral restrictions are present. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some aspects of the hydroclimatology of the Quesnel River Basin, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Burford Jason E. , Déry Stephen J. , Holmes Richard D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn conjunction with available climate data, surface runoff is investigated at 12 gauges in the Quesnel watershed of British Columbia to develop its long‐term (1926–2004) hydroclimatology. At Quesnel itself, annual mean values of air temperature, precipitation and runoff are 4·6 °C, 517 and 648 mm, respectively. Climate data reveal increases in precipitation, no significant trend in mean annual air temperature, but an increasing trend in mean minimum temperatures that is greatest in winter. There is some evidence of decreases in winter snow depth. On the water year scale (October–September), a strong positive correlation is found between discharge and precipitation (r = 0·70, p < 0·01) and a weak negative correlation is found between precipitation and temperature (r = − 0·36, p < 0·01). Long‐term trends using the Mann‐Kendall test indicate increasing annual discharge amounts that vary from 8 to 14% (12% for the Quesnel River, p = 0·03), and also a tendency toward an earlier spring freshet. River runoff increases at a rate of 1·26 mm yr−1 m−1 of elevation from west to east along the strong elevation gradient in the basin. Discharge, temperature and precipitation are correlated with the large‐scale climate indices of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El‐Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comprehensive catalogue of functional genetic variations in the EGFR pathway: Protein–protein interaction analysis reveals novel genes and polymorphisms important for cancer research
Authors: Savas Sevtap , Geraci Joseph , Jurisica Igor , Liu Geoffrey 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe EGFR pathway is a critical signaling pathway deregulated in many solid tumors. In addition to the initiation and progression of cancer, the EGFR pathway is also implicated in variable treatment responses and prognoses. Genetic variation in the form of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) can affect the function/expression of the EGFR pathway genes. Here, we applied a systematic and comprehensive approach utilizing diverse public databases and in silico analysis tools to select putative functional genetic variations from 244 genes involved in the EGFR pathway. Our data comprises 649 SNPs. Three hundred sixty SNPs are predicted to have biological consequences (functional SNPs). These SNPs can be directly used in further studies to test their association with risk, treatment response and prognosis in cancer. To systematically cover the EGFR pathway, we also performed a network‐based analysis to further select putative functional SNPs from the genes whose protein products physically interact with the EGFR pathway proteins. We utilized protein–protein interaction information and focused on 14 proteins that have a high degree of connectivity (interacting with ≥10 proteins) with the EGFR pathway genes identified to have functional SNPs (f‐EGFR genes). Two of these proteins (FYN and LCK) had interactions with 17 of the f‐EGFR genes, yet both lacked any putative functional SNP. However, our analysis indicated the presence of potentially functional SNPs in 9 other highly interactive proteins. The genes and their SNPs identified in the network‐based analysis represent potential candidates for gene–gene and SNP–SNP interaction studies in cancer research. © 2009 UICC
Incidence of cancer and antidepressant medication: Record linkage study
Authors: Haukka Jari , Sankila Risto , Klaukka Timo , Lonnqvist Jouko , Niskanen Leo , Tanskanen Antti , Wahlbeck Kristian , Tiihonen Jari 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe consumption of antidepressants, especially selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) has been increasing. Because a large fraction of the population is exposed, even a small excess of risk with respect to cancer should be considered. We carried out a record linkage study in Finland utilizing nationwide databases of reimbursed medication and cancer. The study population included all antidepressant drug (AD) users in Finland who had purchased at least 1 prescription between 1998 and 2005, and who had no cancer diagnosis at the date of first purchase. A control population without AD usage (matched by age and sex) was also included. Data consisted of 418,588 pairs of individuals that cumulated 3.3 million person‐years with an average of 4.0 years of follow‐up. 19,365 cancer cases were observed. The most frequent cancers were breast, prostate, lung, colon, and brain cancer. In general, only few associations between the utilization of AD and cancer could be detected. Over four years exposure to AD showed a weak association with increased colon and breast cancer incidence, which could have been caused by bias. As conclusion, no clear evidence of neither beneficial nor harmful association between usage of antidepressant and cancer was found.
Coffee drinking and risk of endometrial cancer—A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Friberg Emilie , Orsini Nicola , Mantzoros Christos S. , Wolk Alicja 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCoffee drinking has been reported to have beneficial effects on insulin resistance, which has been directly associated with endometrial cancer. Although a relationship between coffee consumption and endometrial cancer risk is biologically plausible, this hypothesis has been previously explored in only 2 prospective studies, with a small number of cases. We used data from the Swedish Mammography Cohort, a population‐based prospective cohort study of 60,634 women. During 17.6 years of follow‐up, 677 participants were diagnosed with incident endometrial cancer (adenocarcinoma). We examined the association between self‐reported coffee consumption (at baseline 1987–90 and in 1997) and endometrial cancer risk using Cox proportional hazards models. Each additional cup (200 g) of coffee per day was associated with a rate ratio (RR) of 0.90 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83–0.97]. In women drinking 4 or more cups of coffee a day, the RR for the risk reduction of endometrial cancer was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.58–0.97) when compared with those who drank 1 cup or less. The association seemed largely confined to overweight and obese women, who showed a respective risk reduction of 12% (95% CI, 0–23%) and 20% (95% CI, 7–31%) for every cup of coffee, but was not observed among normal‐weight women. There was a statistically significant interaction between coffee consumption and body mass index (pinteraction < 0.001). These data indicate that coffee consumption may be associated with decreased risk of endometrial cancer, especially among women with excessive body weight. If confirmed by other prospective studies, these results are of major public health significance. © 2009 UICC
Epidemiologic evaluation of pharmaceuticals with limited evidence of carcinogenicity
Authors: Friedman Gary D. , Jiang Sheng‐Fang , Udaltsova Natalia , Quesenberry Charles P. , Chan James , Habel Laurel A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThorough review by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has resulted in classifying many substances, including pharmaceuticals, as probably or possibly carcinogenic to humans, based on experiments on animals or limited data on humans. We evaluated 9 such pharmaceuticals for evidence of carcinogenicity in patients receiving them in a large medical care program with automated pharmacy records and a cancer registry. Nested case–control analyses were performed in a cohort of 6.5 million subscribers with up to 12 years of follow‐up, focusing on cancer sites suggested by previous evidence and other sites with odds ratio of at least 1.50, p < 0.01 and some evidence of dose–response. Unmeasured confounding was estimated in sensitivity analyses. We found some supportive evidence for carcinogenicity of griseofulvin, metronidazole and phenytoin and for the known carcinogen, cyclophosphamide, which was added for validation of our data and analyses. Findings for chloramphenicol, iron‐dextran complex, phenoxybenzamine and phenobarbital were essentially non‐contributory. Confounding by cigarette smoking and prior thyroid disease could account, respectively, for associations of oxazepam with lung cancer and propylthiouracil with thyroid cancer. Although not definitive, these findings should be considered in the evaluations of these pharmaceuticals. © 2009 UICC
Melanocortin receptor 1 variants and melanoma risk: A study of 2 European populations
Authors: Scherer Dominique , Nagore Eduardo , Bermejo Justo Lorenzo , Figl Adina , Botella‐Estrada Rafael , Thirumaran Ranjit Kumar , Angelini Sabrina , Hemminki Kari , Schadendorf Dirk , Kumar Rajiv 
Published: April 2009

AbstractVariation within the melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) gene, that influences phenotypic traits and susceptibility to melanoma, is abundant across the populations. We assessed and compared the risk of melanoma in 2 European populations, German and Spanish, by genotyping MC1R variants through direct DNA sequencing from 1,185 melanoma cases and 1,582 controls. The presence of any variant in both populations was associated with a significantly increased risk of melanoma (odds ratio OR = 1.67, 95% confidence interval CI 1.40–1.99). The population attributable fractions (PAF) associated with the MC1R variants in both populations was over 25%. However, the results showed a statistically significant (p < 0.0001) higher frequency of MC1R variants in the German (70%) than in the Spanish population (60%). The red‐hair colour (RHC) variants, though associated with increased risk in both populations, were more common in the German than in the Spanish population (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, non‐RHC variants increased the disease risk in the Spanish (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.20–2.14) but not in the German population (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.80–1.44). Although RHC variants explained a major proportion of the observed PAF in the German population, in the Spanish population the major contributor to the PAF was the non‐RHC V60L variant. We also observed reduced historic linkage disequilibrium between the variants V92M and T314T in the gene in German melanoma cases. In conclusion, our data underscored the unambiguous importance of the MC1R variants towards the population burden of melanoma. However, the variants that are associated with the disease differ between the investigated populations. © 2009 UICC
Dynamic compression modulates chondrocyte proliferation and matrix biosynthesis in chitosan/gelatin scaffolds
Authors: Wang Peng‐Yuan , Chow Hsiang‐Hong , Lai Juin‐Yih , Liu Hsuan‐Liang , Tsai Wei‐Bor 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIt is well‐documented that dynamical compression stimulates biosynthesis of extracellular biomacromolecules in cartilage explant or in chondrocyte/hydrogel systems. The object of this study was to apply high‐strain dynamic compression to cell‐seeded elastic scaffolds for articular cartilage tissue engineering. Rabbit chondrocytes had been cultured in chitosan/gelatin scaffolds for 3 days before dynamic compression. The chondrocyte/scaffold constructs were subjected to short‐term (3 or 9 h) or long‐term (6 h/day for 3 weeks) cyclic compression with 40% strain and 0.1 Hz. The expression of type II collagen and aggrecan was upregulated after 3‐h of compression when compared with the free‐swelling samples. Furthermore, long‐term culture under dynamic compression facilitated cellular proliferation and deposition of glycosaminoglycan. Our results suggest that high‐strain dynamic compression combined with elastic scaffolds might benefit articular cartilage tissue engineering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2009
Evaluation of tooth analogs and type of restoration on the fracture resistance of post and core restored incisors
Authors: Rosentritt Martin , Naumann Michael , Hahnel Sebastian , Handel Gerhard , Reill Margarete 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective:In in vitro tests, metals and resins are frequently used as substitutes for human teeth. This study aims at determining the suitability of various materials for substituting human incisors in load capability tests.Method:Veneering composite (Adoro; n = 16) and non‐precious CoCr‐alloy (NPA; n = 16) were used for manufacturing 32 identical specimens based on the model of a maxillary central incisor resin tooth (Morita). Sixteen human incisors served as a control group. After root canal treatment, all specimens were restored with fiber‐reinforced composite posts and core build‐ups. For each group, eight specimens were chosen randomly and restored either with identical NPA crowns or with all‐ceramic crowns. Specimens were exposed to thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TCML) until failure. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Bonferroni‐adjusted Mann Whitney U‐test.Results:In ceramic crowns, the highest median fracture resistance was found in alloy tooth substitutes (430 N) and natural incisors (426 N), which both showed a significantly higher fracture resistance than composite tooth substitutes (162 N). In alloy crowns, alloy tooth substitutes exhibited the highest fracture resistance (348 N), but no statistically significant difference could be detected between natural incisors (158 N) and composite tooth substitutes (117 N). No artificial tooth substitute showed fracture patterns similar to those of natural incisors.Significance:Mechanical parameters are significantly influenced by the type of restoration and the restorative material used. In in vitro tests, the range of artificial tooth substitutes suitable for the replacement of human incisors is limited by load capability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2009
Inhibitory effect of paeoniflorin on the inflammatory vicious cycle between adipocytes and macrophages
Authors: Jiang Boren , Qiao Jie , Yang Yuguo , Lu Yingli 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObesity is associated with a state of chronic, low‐grade inflammation. It is considered that the paracrine loop involving free fatty acid (FFA) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α between adipocytes and macrophages establishes an inflammatory vicious cycle that augments the inflammatory changes and insulin resistance in obese adipose tissue. Paeoniflorin (PF), one of the major components of Paeony root, has been shown to have anti‐inflammatory effects in vivo. We investigated the effect of PF on the production of FFA and TNFα in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages. Coculture of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages markedly enhanced the production of TNFα and FFA compared with the control cultures, however, treatment with PF dose‐dependently inhibited the production. We further examined the effects of PF on TNFα‐stimulated adipocyte lipolysis and on FFA‐induced macrophage TNFα expression. PF inhibited TNFα‐stimulated adipocyte lipolysis in a dose‐dependent manner, which was compatible with suppressed phosphorylation of TNFα‐activated ERK1/2 and preserved downregulation of perilipin. Palmitate, one of the most important saturated FFAs, induced macrophage TNFα upexpression, but PF partially attenuated the effect. These results indicate that PF exhibits anti‐inflammatory properties by inhibiting the vicious cycle between adipocytes and macrophages. PF may be useful for ameliorating the inflammatory changes in obese adipose tissue. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2560–2566, 2012. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transgenic expression of n‐3 fatty acid desaturase (fat‐1) in C57/BL6 mice: Effects on glucose homeostasis and body weight
Authors: Ji Shaonin , Hardy Robert W. , Wood Philip A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe fat‐1 gene, derived from Caenorhabditis elegans, encodes for a fatty acid n‐3 desaturase. In order to study the potential metabolic benefits of n‐3 fatty acids, independent of dietary fatty acids, we developed seven lines of fat‐1 transgenic mice (C57/BL6) controlled by the regulatory sequences of the adipocyte protein‐2 (aP2) gene for adipocyte‐specific expression (AP‐lines). We were unable to obtain homozygous fat‐1 transgenic offspring from the two highest expressing lines, suggesting that excessive expression of this enzyme may be lethal during gestation. Serum fatty acid analysis of fat‐1 transgenic mice (AP‐3) fed a high n‐6 unsaturated fat (HUSF) diet had an n‐6/n‐3 fatty acid ratio reduced by 23% (P < 0.025) and the n‐3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentration increased by 61% (P < 0.020). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was increased by 19% (P < 0.015) in white adipose tissue. Male AP‐3‐fat‐1 line of mice had improved glucose tolerance and reduced body weight with no change in insulin sensitivity when challenged with a high‐carbohydrate (HC) diet. In contrast, the female AP‐3 mice had reduced glucose tolerance and no change in insulin sensitivity or body weight. These findings indicate that male transgenic fat‐1 mice have improved glucose tolerance likely due to increased insulin secretion while female fat‐1 mice have reduced glucose tolerance compared to wild‐type mice. Finally the inability of fat‐1 transgenic mice to generate homozygous offspring suggests that prolonged exposure to increased concentrations of n‐3 fatty acids may be detrimental to reproduction. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 809–817, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First‐principles calculations on the energetics, electronic structures and magnetism of SrFeO2
Authors: Huang Wen Lai 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe electronic and magnetic properties of SrFeO2 with different magnetic configurations have been calculated via the plane‐wave pseudopotential density functional theory method, using the experimental lattice parameters. The results give an antiferromagnetic ground state for SrFeO2 with an absolute magnetic moment agreeing very well with the experimental report. In comparison with the counterparts whose magnetic moments are parallel to the c axis, the structures with spin moments parallel to the a (or b) axis exhibit no observable preference in total energy, but show different density distributions of the Fe 3d and Fe 3d states. The square‐planar crystal field splits the Fe 3d orbitals into a high‐level d, a low d, and intermediate dxy and dxz or dyz components. The exchange splitting is larger than the crystal‐field splitting, resulting in the high‐spin Fe 3d states. Referred to the triplet O2, the O‐vacancy formation energy from SrFeO3 to SrFeO2 has been deduced as well, along with its dependence on the temperature and O2 partial pressure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2009
Effect of metal ions on radical type and proton‐coupled electron transfer channel: σ‐Radical vs π‐radical and σ‐channel vs π‐channel in the imide units
Authors: Chen Xiaohua , Xing Dianxiang , Zhang Liang , Cukier Robert I. , Bu Yuxiang 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe mechanism of proton transfer (PT)/electron transfer (ET) in imide units, and its regulation by hydrated metal ions, was explored theoretically using density functional theory in a representative model (a nearly planar and cisoid complex between uracil and its N3‐dehydrogenated radical, UU). In UU (σ‐radical), PT/ET normally occurs via a seven‐center, cyclic proton‐coupled σ‐electron σ‐channel transfer (PCσEσT) mechanism (3.8 kcal/mol barrier height) with a N3→N3′ PT and an O4→O4′ ET. Binding of hydrated metal ions to the dioxygen sites (O2/O2′ or/and O4/O4′) of UU may significantly affect its PT/ET cooperative reactivity by changing the radical type (σ‐radical ↔ π‐radical) and ET channel (σ‐channel ↔ π‐channel), leading to different mechanisms, ranging from PCσEσT, to proton‐coupled π‐electron σ‐channel transfer (PCπEσT) to proton‐coupled π‐electron π‐channel transfer (PCπEπT). This change originates from an alteration of the ordering of the UU moiety SOMO/HDMO (the singly occupied molecular orbital and the highest doubly occupied molecular orbital), induced by binding of the hydrated metal ions. It is a consequence of three associated factors: the asymmetric reactant structure, electron cloud redistribution, and fixing role of metal ions to structural backbone. The findings regarding the modulation of the PT/ET pathway via hydrated metal ions may provide valuable information for a greater understanding of PT/ET cooperative mechanisms, and an alternative way for designing imide‐based molecular devices, such as molecular switches and molecular wires. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2009