bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactivation of hepatitis B virus after rituximab‐containing treatment in patients with CD20‐positive B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Matsue Kosei , Kimura Shun‐Ichi , Takanashi Yoko , Iwama Kan‐Ichi , Fujiwara Hideaki , Yamakura Masayuki , Takeuchi Masami 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) after rituximab‐containing chemotherapy in patients with B‐cell lymphoma has been recognized as a potentially serious complication in HBV immune patients.METHODS:To determine the HBV reactivation in patients treated with rituximab, a retrospective study of HBV‐related markers was performed before and after rituximab‐containing treatment in 261 consecutive patients with CD20‐positive B‐cell lymphoma.RESULTS:Of the 261 patients, 230 patients were tested for both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) before treatment. Fifty‐six (24.3%) of 230 patients were anti‐HBc positive, and the remaining 174 (75.6%) patients were anti‐HBc negative. Among the 56 anti‐HBc–positive patients, 5 (8.9%) became HBsAg positive (HBV reactivation), whereas none of the 174 anti‐HBc–negative patients became HBsAg positive with a median follow‐up of 24 months (P = .001). Among the 5 patients with HBV reactivation, 4 were negative for antibody to HBsAg (anti‐HBs), and 1 patient was positive for anti‐HBs. All 5 of these patients were treated successfully with entecavir on detection of HBsAg, although 4 of the 5 patients exhibited mild to moderate elevation of alanine aminotransferase. Among 56 anti‐HBc–positive patients, those negative for anti‐HBs had a higher probability of developing HBV reactivation compared with those positive for anti‐HBs (4 of 19; 21.1% vs 1 of 37; 2.7%, P = .014).CONCLUSIONS:Patients with isolated anti‐HBc are at high risk of HBV reactivation and should be monitored closely for HBsAg, anti‐HBs, HBV‐DNA, and transaminase levels during and after rituximab‐containing treatment. Although preemptive use of entecavir enabled successful management of HBV reactivation, mild to moderate hepatic flare was still observed. These approaches should be further evaluated in a prospective study with regard to clinical usefulness, safety, and cost‐effectiveness. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
HMGA2 gene expression analysis performed on cytologic smears to distinguish benign from malignant thyroid nodules
Authors: Lappinga Paul J. , Kip N. Sertac , Jin Long , Lloyd Ricardo V. , Henry Michael R. , Zhang Jun , Nassar Aziza 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Up to 80% of thyroid nodules with an indeterminate diagnosis on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) (eg, “suspicious for follicular neoplasm”) prove to be benign at the time of surgical resection. Ancillary tests in current use are limited in their ability to improve the preoperative detection of malignant follicular thyroid nodules. Studies using paraffin‐embedded tissue have indicated that high mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2) overexpression is present in a high percentage of malignant thyroid neoplasms but not in benign thyroid neoplasms. In the current study, the ability of HMGA2 overexpression analysis to preoperatively distinguish benign from malignant thyroid nodules by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) on suspicious cytologic smears was evaluated.METHODS:Patients who underwent thyroid FNA and subsequent thyroid resection from 2001 through 2007 were identified. A subset of these patients who had a cytologic diagnosis of “suspicious” underwent HMGA2 expression analysis. HMGA2 expression was detected on cells scraped from cytologic smears with 1‐step, real‐time quantitative RT–PCR.RESULTS:Of the 125 cases identified, RNA extraction and HMGA2 analysis were successful in 115 cases. With an HMGA2 overexpression change of 5.9‐fold or greater compared with a thyroid tumor cell line as a positive cutoff, the test was found to have the following overall performance for detecting malignant nodules: sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 97%, positive predictive value of 94%, and negative predictive value of 84%. HMGA2 overexpression was found to have low sensitivity for detecting Hurthle cell carcinoma (33%).CONCLUSIONS:HMGA2 mRNA expression analysis can be performed on cytologic smears and demonstrates a high specificity and positive predictive value and relatively high sensitivity and negative predictive value for detecting malignancy in “suspicious” thyroid aspirate specimens. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Hydrogen Bonding in Phosphine Oxide/Phosphate–Phenol Complexes
Authors: Cuypers Ruud , Sudhölter Ernst J. R. , Zuilhof Han 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTo develop a new solvent‐impregnated resin (SIR) system for the removal of phenols and thiophenols from water, complex formation by hydrogen bonding of phosphine oxides and phosphates is studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and quantum chemical modeling. Six different computational methods are used: B3LYP, M06‐2X, MP2, spin component‐scaled (SCS) MP2 [all four with 6‐311+G(d,p) basis set], a complete basis set extrapolation at the MP2 level (MP2/CBS), and the composite CBS‐Q model. This reveals a range of binding enthalpies (ΔH) for phenol–phosphine oxide and phenol–phosphate complexes and their thio analogues. Both structural (bond lengths/angles) and electronic elements (charges, bond orders) are studied. Furthermore, solvent effects are investigated theoretically by the PCM solvent model and experimentally via ITC. From our calculations, a trialkylphosphine oxide is found to be the most promising extractant for phenol in SIRs, yielding ΔH=−14.5 and −9.8 kcal mol−1 with phenol and thiophenol, respectively (MP2/CBS), without dimer formation that would hamper the phenol complexation. In ITC measurements, the ΔH of this complex was most negative in the noncoordinating solvent cyclohexane, and slightly less so in π–π interacting solvents such as benzene. The strongest binding is found for the dimethyl phosphate–phenol complex [−15.1 kcal mol−1 (MP2/CBS)], due to the formation of two H‐bonds (PO⋅⋅⋅H‐O‐ and P‐O‐H⋅⋅⋅O‐H); however, dimer formation of these phosphates competes with complexation of phenol, and would thus hamper their use in industrial extractions. CBS‐Q calculations display erroneous trends for sulfur compounds, and are found to be unsuitable. Computationally relatively cheap SCS‐MP2 and M06‐2X calculations did accurately agree with the much more elaborate MP2/CBS method, with an average deviation of less than 1 kcal mol−1.
Synthesis and properties of α‐Fe2O3 nanorods
Authors: Ramesh R. , Ashok K. , Bhalero G. M. , Ponnusamy S. , Muthamizhchelvan C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe report synthesis of α‐Fe2O3 (hematite) nanorods by reverse micelles method using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant and calcined at 300 °C. The calcined α‐Fe2O3 nanorods were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The result showed that the α‐Fe2O3 nanorods were hexagonal structure. The nanorods have diameter of 30‐50 nm and length of 120‐150 nm. The weak ferromagnetic behavior was observed with saturation magnetization = 0.6 emu/g, coercive force = 25 Oe and remanant magnetization = 0.03 emu/g. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Monocrystalline Cd0.2Zn0.8Te solid solution obtained by self‐selecting vapour growth
Authors: Szczerbakow A. , Golacki Z. , Domagala J. Z. , Minikayev R. , Dziawa P. , Reszka A. , Kowalski B. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCd0.2Zn0.8Te monocrystals with the sizes of about 15 mm have been produced by self‐selecting vapour growth (SSVG). High degree of structural perfection of monocrystalline Cd0.2Zn0.8Te was achieved. Excellent compositional uniformity was observed as well. To our knowledge, no comparable results are reported for this solid solution. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling of UHF voltage multiplier for radio‐triggered wake‐up circuits
Authors: Wang Jiang , Dong Liang , Fu Yuzhuo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWake‐up circuits harvest electromagnetic energy emitted by radio devices, and they can be implemented using ultra‐high frequency (UHF) voltage multipliers. In this letter, we derive an analytical model of the UHF voltage multiplier. The model is compliant with HSPICE circuit simulations, and it allows for short design time of voltage multipliers for radio‐triggered wake‐up circuits. According to this model, we design and optimize voltage multipliers with and without junction capacitance matching. With an incident 2.4‐GHz signal of less than −30dBm power, the circuits can produce a voltage above 1 V within tens of microsecond. This dc output switches an inverter of 200MΩ load and wakes up the rest of the circuits on a wireless node. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the plasticity‐related gene, Arc, in the frog brain
Authors: Mangiamele Lisa A. , Thomson Claire J. , Lebonville Christina L. , Burmeister Sabrina S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn mammals, expression of the immediate early gene Arc/Arg3.1 in the brain is induced by exposure to novel environments, reception of sensory stimuli, and production of learned behaviors, suggesting a potentially important role in neural and behavioral plasticity. To date, Arc has only been characterized in a few species of mammals and birds, which limits our ability to understand its role in modifying behavior. To begin to address this gap, we identified Arc in two frog species, Xenopus tropicalis and Physalaemus pustulosus, and characterized its expression in the brain of P. pustulosus. We found that the predicted protein for frog Arc shared 60% sequence similarity with Arc in other vertebrates, and we observed high Arc expression in the forebrain, but not the midbrain or hindbrain, of female túngara frogs sacrificed at breeding ponds. We also examined the time‐course of Arc induction in the medial pallium, the homologue of the mammalian hippocampus, in response to a recording of a P. pustulosus mating chorus and found that accumulation of Arc mRNA peaked 0.75 h following stimulus onset. We found that the mating chorus also induced Arc expression in the lateral and ventral pallia and the medial septum, but not in the striatum, hypothalamus, or auditory midbrain. Finally, we examined acoustically induced Arc expression in response to different types of mating calls and found that Arc expression levels in the pallium and septum did not vary with the biological relevance or acoustic complexity of the signal. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 813–825, 2010
Regioselectivity in Tether‐Directed Remote Functionalization – The Addition of a Cyclotriveratrylene‐Based Trimalonate to C60 Revisited
Authors: Kraszewska Agnieszka , Rivera‐Fuentes Pablo , Rapenne Gwénaël , Crassous Jeanne , Petrovic Ana G. , Alonso‐Gómez José Lorenzo , Huerta Elisa , Diederich François , Thilgen Carlo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe Bingel addition of a trimalonate derived from a chiral, cyclotriveratrylene (CTV)‐based tripodal tether to C60 was reinvestigated. The present use of enantiomerically pure (P)‐ and (M)‐configured CTV units in the tether allowed the isolation of a total of four enantiomerically pure C3‐symmetric tris‐adducts of [60]fullerene (two from each CTV enantiomer). With the support of NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, electronic (ECD) and vibrational (VCD) circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis (comparison to ECD data of known compounds and to ECD and VCD data calculated by TD‐DFT or ZINDO methods as part of this work) allowed a definitive determination of the following structural features for all four CTV‐C60 conjugates: (i) The constitution of the fullerene addition pattern, (ii) its absolute configuration, and (iii) the absolute configuration of the CTV moiety. It is concluded that the triple Bingel addition proceeded with complete regioselectivity and negligible diastereoselectivity, affording only the trans‐3,trans‐3,trans‐3 fullerene addition pattern in both enantiomeric forms, whereas the previously reported e,e,e motif was not formed.
Dehydrogenative Functionalization of C(sp3)–H Bonds Adjacent to a Heteroatom Mediated by Oxoammonium Salts
Authors: Richter Heinrich , García Mancheño Olga 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe first oxoammonium salt mediated formation of C–C bonds from benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds adjacent to an oxygen or nitrogen atom by dehydrogenative coupling with enolizable carbonyls has been developed. The use of these oxidants in combination with catalytic amounts of Fe(OTf)2 as Lewis acid allows the reaction to be carried out under mild conditions, leading to the corresponding coupling products in moderate to good yields.
Chemiluminescently labeled aptamers as the affinity probe for interaction analysis by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Li Hong‐Yi , Deng Qin‐Pei , Zhang De‐Wen , Zhou Ying‐Lin , Zhang Xin‐Xiang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAptamers are nucleic acid oligonucleotides, which can recognize targets with high affinity and specificity. Fluorescently labeled aptamers have been used as affinity probes in CE for interaction analysis. In this study, a method of labeling aptamers chemiluminescently with isoluminol isothiocyanate (ILITC) through covalent bonds was proposed and realized. The ILITC‐labeled aptamers were characterized by HPLC‐MS and purified by HPLC. After desalination, the ILITC‐labeled aptamers were employed as the affinity probe for interaction analysis in CE coupled with chemiluminescence detection (CE‐CL) by interface of end column reaction mode, the apparatus of which was home‐designed and setup. CE‐CL experiment conditions, including buffer pH, concentrations of horseradish peroxidase and H2O2, were optimized first. The system of thrombin and its 29‐mer aptamer was chosen as the model. Binding parameters, namely the dissociation constant (Kd) and the binding site number (n), were calculated. The Kd obtained was 124.0±6.9 nM in agreement with the reported values. Thus, interaction analysis method based on chemiluminescently labeled aptamers as the affinity probe in CE‐CL has been established. This method can be widely applied due to the ease and universality of the labeling method, simplicity of CE‐CL apparatus and combination with aptamers for a wide range of targets.
Degradation of glacial deposits quantified with cosmogenic nuclides, Quartermain Mountains, Antarctica
Authors: Morgan Daniel J. , Putkonen Jaakko , Balco Greg , Stone John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMany glacial deposits in the Quartermain Mountains, Antarctica present two apparent contradictions regarding the degradation of unconsolidated deposits. The glacial deposits are up to millions of years old, yet they have maintained their meter‐scale morphology despite the fact that bedrock and regolith erosion rates in the Quartermain Mountains have been measured at 0·1–4·0 m Ma−1. Additionally, ground ice persists in some Miocene‐aged soils in the Quartermain Mountains even though modeled and measured sublimation rates of ice in Antarctic soils suggest that without any recharge mechanisms ground ice should sublimate in the upper few meters of soil on the order of 103 to 105 years. This paper presents results from using the concentration of cosmogenic nuclides beryllium‐10 (10Be) and aluminum‐26 (26Al) in bulk sediment samples from depth profiles of three glacial deposits in the Quartermain Mountains. The measured nuclide concentrations are lower than expected for the known ages of the deposits, erosion alone does not always explain these concentrations, and deflation of the tills by the sublimation of ice coupled with erosion of the overlying till can explain some of the nuclide concentration profiles. The degradation rates that best match the data range 0·7–12 m Ma−1 for sublimation of ice with initial debris concentrations ranging 12–45% and erosion of the overlying till at rates of 0·4–1·2 m Ma−1. Overturning of the tills by cryoturbation, vertical mixing, or soil creep is not indicated by the cosmogenic nuclide profiles, and degradation appears to be limited to within a few centimeters of the surface. Erosion of these tills without vertical mixing may partially explain how some glacial deposits in the Quartermain Mountains maintain their morphology and contain ground ice close to the surface for millions of years. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of the Schmidt Hammer and Equotip for rock hardness assessment in geomorphology and heritage science: a comparative analysis
Authors: Viles Heather , Goudie Andrew , Grab Stefan , Lalley Jennifer 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRapid, field‐based measurements of rock hardness are of use in investigating many geomorphological and heritage science problems. Several different methods are now available for taking such measurements, but little work has been done to assess their comparability and strengths and weaknesses. We review here the capabilities of two types of Schmidt Hammer (Classic N type and Silver Schmidt BL type) alongside two types of Equotip (standard type D and Piccolo) for investigating rock hardness in relation to rock weathering on various types of sandstone and limestone, as well as basalt and dolerite. Whilst the two Schmidt hammers and the two Equotips show comparable results when tested at 15 individual sites, interesting differences are found between the Equotip and Schmidt Hammer values which may reveal information about the nature of weathering on different surfaces. Operator variance is shown to be an issue in particular for the Equotip devices, which also exhibit higher variability in measurements and necessitate larger sample sizes. Carborundum pre‐treatment also has varying effects on the data collected, depending on the nature of the surface studied. The Equotip devices are shown to be particularly useful on smaller blocks and in situations where edge effects may affect Schmidt Hammer readings. We conclude that whilst each device contributes to geomorphological research, they do not necessarily produce comparable information. Indeed, using Schmidt Hammer and Equotip in combination and looking at any differences in results may provide invaluable insights into the structure of the near‐surface zones and the nature of weathering processes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of metal cation toxicity to the bioluminescent fungus Gerronema viridilucens
Authors: Mendes Luiz Fernando , Bastos Erick Leite , Stevani Cassius Vinicius 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
A correlation between the physicochemical properties of mono- [Li(I), K(I), Na(I)] and divalent [Cd(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Mg(II), Ca(II)] metal cations and their toxicity (evaluated by the free ion median effective concentration, EC50F) to the naturally bioluminescent fungus Gerronema viridilucens has been studied using the quantitative ion character–activity relationship (QICAR) approach. Among the 11 ionic parameters used in the current study, a univariate model based on the covalent index (X2mr) proved to be the most adequate for prediction of fungal metal toxicity evaluated by the logarithm of free ion median effective concentration (log EC50F): log EC50F = 4.243 (±0.243) −1.268 (±0.125)·X2mr (adj-R2 = 0.9113, Alkaike information criterion [AIC] = −60.42). Additional two- and three-variable models were also tested and proved less suitable to fit the experimental data. These results indicate that covalent bonding is a good indicator of metal inherent toxicity to bioluminescent fungi. Furthermore, the toxicity of additional metal ions [Ag(I), Cs(I), Sr(II), Ba(II), Fe(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II)] to G. viridilucens was predicted, and Pb was found to be the most toxic metal to this bioluminescent fungus (EC50F): Pb(II) &gt; Ag(I) &gt; Hg(I) &gt; Cd(II) &gt; Cu(II) &gt; Co(II) ≈ Ni(II) &gt; Mn(II) &gt; Fe(II) ≈ Zn(II) &gt; Mg(II) ≈ Ba(II) ≈ Cs(I) &gt; Li(I) &gt; K(I) ≈ Na(I) ≈ Sr(II)&gt; Ca(II). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2177–2181. © 2010 SETAC
Dieldrin-dissolving abilities of the xylem saps of several plant families, particularly Cucurbita pepo L.
Authors: Murano Hirotatsu , Otani Takashi , Seike Nobuyasu 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The uptake ability of hydrophobic organic chemicals by plants and the nature of xylem sap of the plants were studied. The plants were grown in soil contaminated with dieldrin. High amounts of dieldrin were detected in the shoots of Cucurbita pepo and Cucumis sativus, but little was seen in the shoots of Brassica oleracea var. italica, Solanum lycopersicum, Glycine max, Zea mays, and Helianthus annuus. The xylem saps of C. pepo and C. sativus leached dieldrin adsorbed on C8 granules, but those of the other plants did not. The xylem saps of C. pepo and C. sativus eluted high amounts of dieldrin from the size-exclusion chromatography column near the fractions of RNase A (13.7 kDa) after Aprotinin (6.5 kDa), which has a larger molecular weight than dieldrin (381). The enhancement of dieldrin solubility by xylem sap was reduced by proteinase and heating. It was suspected that the protein-like materials in the xylem sap delivered dieldrin from the roots to the shoots. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2269–2277. © 2010 SETAC
Solution of the diffusion equation in multi‐material domains by sub‐division of elements along reconstructed interfaces
Authors: Garimella R. V. , Lipnikov K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the accurate solution of the diffusion equation in three‐dimensional multi‐material domains where some mesh elements contain more than one material. Given the volume fractions of each material in mesh elements, the method first recreates the material interfaces in the elements using interface reconstruction methods. Then the mesh is subdivided along the interfaces making sure that the final polyhedral mesh is conforming. Finally, the diffusion equation is solved on the sub‐divided mesh containing all single material elements. It is shown that the method produces second‐order accurate solutions with a lower error than methods that average the material properties in the multi‐material elements. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the impact of the Mother and Infant Health Project in Ukraine
Authors: Nizalova Olena Y. , Vyshnya Maria 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper exploits a unique opportunity to evaluate the impact of the quality change in the labor and delivery services brought about by the Mother and Infant Health Project in Ukraine. Employing program evaluation methods, we find that the administrative units participating in the Project have exhibited greater improvements in both maternal and infant health compared to the control ones. Among the infant health characteristics, the MIHP impact is most pronounced for infant mortality resulting from deviations in perinatal period. As for the maternal health, the MIHP is the most effective at combating anemia, blood circulation and urinary‐genital system complications, and late toxicosis. The analysis suggests that the effects are due to early attendance of antenatal clinics, lower share of C‐sections, and greater share of normal deliveries. Preliminary cost‐effectiveness analysis shows enormous benefit per dollar spent on the project: the cost to benefit ratio is one to 97 taking into account both maternal and infant lives saved as well as cost savings due to the changes in labor and delivery practices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.