bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating effective and engaging information literacy programmes for the dental curriculum
Authors: Ford P. J. , Hibberd K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this time of rapid expansion of the scientific knowledge base, subject matter runs the risk of becoming outdated within a relatively short time. Instead of adding more content to already crowded curricula, the focus should be on equipping students to adapt to their changing world. The ability to access, evaluate and apply new knowledge for the benefit of patients has been acknowledged as an important goal for dental education. Information literacy is key to achieving this. A template for an Information Literacy programme for undergraduate students is described. This was embedded within a compulsory course for each of the first and second years of the Bachelor of Oral Health programme and consisted of a hands‐on workshop (attendance voluntary), information literacy quiz, self‐evaluation and a summative assessment task, with the second year of the programme building upon the learning of the previous year. Effectiveness was measured in terms of demonstration of information literacy skills and confidence in using these skills. Integration of this programme within the learning activities and assessment of first‐ and second‐year courses resulted in enhanced information literacy skills and confidence. Self‐perceived high skill levels may be a potential barrier to student engagement with information literacy programmes.
Validity and reliability of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory in Parkinson's disease*†
Authors: Matheson Sally F , Byrne Gerard J , Dissanayaka Nadeeka NW , Pachana Nancy A , Mellick George D , O'Sullivan John D , Silburn Peter A , Sellbach Anna , Marsh Rodney 
Published: December 2010

Aim:  To examine the psychometric properties of a novel anxiety rating scale, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) in Parkinson's disease (PD).Method:  The predictive validity of the GAI was tested against the presence of any DSM‐IV anxiety disorders in 58 PD patients using receiver operating curve analysis. The concurrent validity of this scale was also studied against the state half of the Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the GAI were also examined.Results:  The GAI displayed good concurrent validity against the STAI and the DSM‐IV. It also showed good internal consistency and test–retest reliability.Conclusions:  This study suggested that the GAI is an appropriate scale to use in non‐demented PD patients.
Effectiveness of an educational self‐management program for outpatients with chronic heart failure
Authors: OTSU Haruka , MORIYAMA Michiko 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAim:  The occurrence rate of chronic heart failure (CHF) in Japan is estimated to be 50 000 per one million persons. It is important for the Japanese medical financial system to institute a program of disease management in order to prevent the deterioration of persons with CHF. However, there are still few studies on the disease management of CHF in Japan. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide an educational self‐management program to Japanese outpatients with CHF in order to improve their clinical outcomes.Methods:  A randomized, controlled trial with 102 outpatients with CHF was conducted. There were 50 participants in the intervention group and 52 participants in the control group. The control group received medical treatment and standard care. In addition to this, the intervention group also received an educational program for 6 months. The program consisted of six nurse‐directed sessions that were provided to each outpatient once per month in a clinical setting for a total of 6 months. A follow‐up session was conducted each month for 6 months. The data collection was carried out at the start of the program and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.Results:  Significant differences could be observed in the primary and secondary outcomes and in the process indicators between the two groups after the program began. In other words, all the indicators improved for the intervention group, compared to the control group. Therefore, this program was considered to be effective.Conclusion:  Further long‐term care is necessary for outpatients with CHF in order to prevent their deterioration and to maintain their health status, even though this 6 month program did provide them with proper knowledge regarding self‐care for CHF and affected their therapy results.
Photoperiod Regulates Lung‐associated Immunological Parameters and Melatonin Receptor (Mel1aand Mel1b) in Lungs of a Tropical Bird,Perdicula asiatica
Authors: Kharwar Rajesh Kumar , Haldar Chandana 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe accessed the effects of different photoperiodic regimes,i.e.long (LP; 20L:4D), short (SP; 4L:20D) and natural day photoperiod during reproductively inactive and reproductively active phase on immune parameters of lungs and general immunity ofPerdicula asiatica. SP increased bronchus‐associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and non‐BALT nodule size, total leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, plasma melatonin level, percent stimulation ratio of lymphocytes and decreased testicular activity (weight and testosterone level). LP during both the reproductive phases decreased the above‐mentioned immune parameters suggesting that photoperiod might be regulating lung‐associated immune system (LAIS)viamelatonin. We also extended our study to note the expression of melatonin receptor types Mel1aand Mel1bin lung tissue to support our above statement. Western blot analysis showed significant increase in expression of Mel1aand Mel1breceptor types under SP conditions and decreased expression under LP condition when compared with control group of both reproductive phases. This suggests the probable involvement of Mel1aand Mel1breceptors in mediation of photoperiodic signals to LAIS.P. asiaticais a photoperiodic bird hence photoperiodically regulated melatonin hormone and its receptors in the lung might be responsible for modulation of lung‐associated immunity.
Photoreaction in BLUF Receptors: Proton‐coupled Electron Transfer in the Flavin‐Gln‐Tyr System†
Authors: Udvarhelyi Anikó , Domratcheva Tatiana 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPhotoinduced electron transfer from tyrosine to the flavin chromophore is involved in activation of BLUF (sensor of blue light using FAD) photoreceptors. We studied the electron transfer (ET) coupled with proton‐transfer (PT) reactions, by means of XMCQDPT2//CASSCF calculations on a molecular cluster model. By defining a minimum active space in the CASSCF calculations, we could compute the entire photoreaction pathway. We find that the crossing of the locally excited and ET states is located along the flavin bond‐stretching coordinate. The ET state is stabilized by a proton transfer from the electron donor to the electron acceptor. We mapped two different PT pathways from tyrosine to flavin via the conserved glutamine. These reactions generate a tautomeric form of glutamine. Along the PT coordinates, we find geometries where the ET and the electronic ground states degenerate. At the state crossing structures, either formation of the ground state biradical intermediate or a relaxation back to the Franck–Condon minimum takes places. The computed relaxation pathways reveal that the hydrogen bonds involving glutamine in the chromophore‐binding pocket control BLUF photoefficiency.
Light‐generated Paramagnetic Intermediates in BLUF Domains†
Authors: Weber Stefan , Schroeder Claudia , Kacprzak Sylwia , Mathes Tilo , Kowalczyk Radoslaw M. , Essen Lars‐Oliver , Hegemann Peter , Schleicher Erik , Bittl Robert 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBlue‐light sensitive photoreceptory BLUF domains are flavoproteins, which regulate various, mostly stress‐related processes in bacteria and eukaryotes. The photoreactivity of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor in three BLUF domains from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Escherichia coli have been studied at low temperature using time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance. Photoinduced flavin triplet states and radical‐pair species have been detected on a microsecond time scale. Differences in the electronic structures of the FAD cofactors as reflected by altered zero‐field splitting parameters of the triplet states could be correlated with changes in the amino‐acid composition of the various BLUF domains’ cofactor binding pockets. For the generation of the light‐induced, spin‐correlated radical‐pair species in the BLUF domain from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a tyrosine residue near the flavin’s isoalloxazine moiety plays a critical role.
A Conversation with Jef Teugels
Authors: Fisher Nicholas I. 
Published: December 2010

Summary Jozef Lodewijk Maria Teugels was born in Londerzeel, Belgium, on February 20, 1939. He received his high school education at Sint‐Lievenscollege in Antwerp. He obtained a Candidate diploma in Physics in 1961 and a License degree in Mathematics in 1963 at the Catholic University of Louvain. After serving one year in the army, he obtained his MSc in 1966 and his PhD in 1967 at Purdue University, with Marcel F. Neuts as advisor. In 1967 he was appointed at the Catholic University of Louvain and promoted to Full Professor in 1973. He remained in Leuven until his retirement in 2004. He chaired the Department of Mathematics over the periods 1970–77 and 1982–89. He has held visiting positions at numerous universities in the United Kingdom, Portugal, the United States of America, South Africa, Japan, Indonesia and Australia.
Estimation of Asymmetric Stochastic Volatility Models: Application to Daily Average Prices of Energy Products
Authors: Montero José‐María , Fernández‐Avilés Gema , García María‐Carmen 
Published: December 2010

SummaryEnergy supply and demand, and as a consequence energy prices, are likely to represent one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century. Commodity markets exhibit increased volatility when there is little or no underutilized supply capability to meet natural fluctuations in demand. In the case of energy markets, the large capital requirements and significant lead times associated with energy production and delivery make them more susceptible to the imbalances in supply capability and demand. Energy price volatility has destructive impact on market agents, and this impact is intensified when the prices exhibit asymmetric volatility. This article pursues two aspects of the issue. First we consider general aspects, especially the asymmetric pattern of volatility of daily returns of different types of energy products. Then, we analyze the behaviour of daily returns by using traditional models of volatility that include AGARCH, TGARCH, EGARCH, and ARSV strategies, as well as a threshold asymmetric autoregressive stochastic volatility (TA‐ARSV) model that we propose. The energy products considered in this analysis are probably the most relevant energy products for the economic activity of the nations and the economic relations between countries: Crude Oil (OPEC reference basket and London Brent index), Gasoline, Natural Gas, Butane, and Propane. We use spot prices and the time reference ranges from 1986–1993 to 2009 depending on the product.
Development of a predicted physical map of microsatellite locus positions for pinnipeds, with wider applicability to the Carnivora
Authors: OSBORNE AMY J. , BRAUNING RUDIGER , SCHULTZ JENNIFER K. , KENNEDY MARTIN A. , SLATE JON , GEMMELL NEIL J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUnderstanding genetic variation responsible for phenotypic differences in natural populations is significantly hampered by a lack of genomic data for many species. Levels of variation can, however, be estimated using microsatellite markers, which may be useful for relating individual fitness to genetic diversity. Prior studies have demonstrated correlations between heterozygosity and individual fitness in some species. These correlations are sometimes driven by a subset of markers, and it is unclear whether this is because those markers best reflect genome‐wide heterozygosity, or whether they are linked to fitness‐related genes. Differentiating between these scenarios is hindered when the genomic location of markers is unknown. Here, we develop a predicted genomic map of pinniped microsatellite loci based on conservation of primary sequence and genomic location between dog, cat and giant panda. We mapped 210 of 260 (81%) microsatellites from pinnipeds to locations in dog, cat and giant panda genomes. Based on the demonstrable synteny between the genomes of closely related taxa within the Carnivora, we use these data to identify those microsatellites with the greatest chance of cross‐species amplification success and demonstrate successful amplification of 21 of 26 loci for cat, dog and two seal species. We also demonstrate the potential to identify candidate genes that may underpin the functional relationship with individual fitness. Overall, we show that this approach provides a rapid and robust method to elucidate genome organisation for nonmodel organisms and have established a resource that facilitates further genetic research on pinnipeds that also has wider applicability to other carnivores.
Hot Spots of Integrase Genotypic Changes Leading to HIV-2 Resistance to Raltegravir
Authors: Charpentier Charlotte , Roquebert Bénédicte , Delelis Olivier , Larrouy Lucile , Matheron Sophie , Tubiana Roland , Karmochkine Marina , Duval Xavier , Chêne Geneviève , Storto Alexandre , Collin Gilles , Bénard Antoine , Damond Florence , Mouscadet Jean-François , Brun-Vézinet Françoise , Descamps Diane 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTWe studied seven heavily pretreated HIV-2-infected patients exhibiting a virological failure while receiving a salvage raltegravir-containing regimen. At the time of virological failure, different resistance genetic pathways were observed: T97A-Y143C, Q148K, Q148R, G140S-Q148R, E92Q-Y143R-N155H, and T97A-N155H. Thus, despite a 40% difference in integrase genes between HIV-1 and HIV-2, the genetic pathways leading to raltegravir resistance are similar.
Mechanism of Bactericidal Activity of Microcin L inEscherichia coliandSalmonella enterica
Authors: Morin Natacha , Lanneluc Isabelle , Connil Nathalie , Cottenceau Marie , Pons Anne Marie , Sablé Sophie 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTFor the first time, the mechanism of action of microcin L (MccL) was investigated in live bacteria. MccL is a gene-encoded peptide produced byEscherichia coliLR05 that exhibits a strong antibacterial activity against relatedEnterobacteriaceae, includingSalmonella entericaserovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis. We first subcloned the MccL genetic system to remove the sequences not involved in MccL production. We then optimized the MccL purification procedure to obtain large amounts of purified microcin to investigate its antimicrobial and membrane properties. We showed that MccL did not induce outer membrane permeabilization, which indicated that MccL did not use this way to kill the sensitive cell or to enter into it. Using a set ofE. coliandSalmonella entericamutants lacking iron-siderophore receptors, we demonstrated that the MccL uptake required the outer membrane receptor Cir. Moreover, the MccL bactericidal activity was shown to depend on the TonB protein that transduces the proton-motive force of the cytoplasmic membrane to transport iron-siderophore complexes across the outer membrane. Using carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone, which is known to fully dissipate the proton-motive force, we proved that the proton-motive force was required for the bactericidal activity of MccL onE. coli. In addition, we showed that a primary target of MccL could be the cytoplasmic membrane: a high level of MccL disrupted the inner membrane potential ofE. colicells. However, no permeabilization of the membrane was detected.
Enteropathogenic and Enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
Type III Secretion Effector EspV Induces Radical Morphological Changes in Eukaryotic Cells
Authors: Arbeloa Ana , Oates Clare V. , Marchès Oliver , Hartland Elizabeth L. , Frankel Gad 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT

Enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
(EHEC) are important human pathogens that rely on translocation of type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors for subversion of signal transduction pathways and colonization of the mammalian gut mucosa. While a core set of effectors is conserved between EPEC and EHEC strains, a growing number of accessory effectors that were found at various frequencies in clinical and environmental isolates have been recently identified. Recent genome projects identified
espV
as a pseudogene in EHEC but a putative functional gene in EPEC strains E110019 and E22 and the closely related mouse pathogen
Citrobacter rodentium
. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of
espV
among clinical EPEC and EHEC strains and to investigate its function and role in pathogenesis.
espV
was found in 16% of the tested strains. While deletion of
espV
from
C. rodentium
did not affect colonization dynamics or fitness in mixed infections, expression of EspV in mammalian cells led to drastic morphological alterations, which were characterized by nuclear condensation, cell rounding, and formation of dendrite-like projections. Expression of EspV in yeast resulted in a dramatic increase in cell size and irreversible growth arrest. Although the role of EspV in infection and its target host cell protein(s) require further investigation, the data point to a novel mechanism by which the T3SS subverts cell signaling.
The CoREST/REST Repressor Is both Necessary and Inimical for Expression of Herpes Simplex Virus Genes
Authors: Zhou Guoying , Te Du , Roizman Bernard 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACT
Herpes simplex virus type 1 encodes three sets of genes, α, β, and γ, whose expression is sequentially ordered in a cascade fashion. The transactivators of α genes comprise virion protein 16 (VP16) and the cellular proteins octamer binding protein 1 (Oct1) and host factor 1 (HCF1). Efficient transition from α to β gene expression requires the α protein ICP0 (infected cell protein 0). Earlier studies have shown that this protein binds to CoREST and displaces HDAC1 from the CoREST/REST/lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) repressor complex. Ultimately, the components of the repressor complex are translocated at least in part into the cytoplasm. A key event in activation of α genes is the recruitment of LSD1 to demethylate histones bound to the α gene promoters. LSD1 is unstable in the absence of its partner, CoREST, and raises the question of whether both CoREST and REST are involved in the initiation of transcription of the α genes. Here we show that CoREST or REST small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) destabilize CoREST, REST, LSD1, and Sin3A, another component of the repressor complex. In cells transfected with REST or CoREST siRNA, the accumulation of α proteins and mRNAs is delayed in comparison to those of mock-transfected or control siRNA-transfected cells. The LSD1/CoREST/REST compressor complex is thus sequentially necessary and subsequently inimical for viral gene expression.

IMPORTANCE
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is globally regulated at the following four checkpoints: (i) the activation of α (immediate-early) genes, (ii) the point of transition from α to β and γ gene expression, (iii) the silencing of viral genes for the establishment of the latent state, and (iv) the reactivation of viral genes on termination of latency. Earlier studies showed that the transition from α to β and γ gene expression involves the suppression of the HDAC1/lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1)/CoREST/REST (HLCR) repressor complex. More recently, this laboratory reported evidence suggesting that in sensory neurons, HSV-1 hijacks the HLCR complex to silence itself for the establishment of latency. This report extends the observation that LSD1 is required for expression of the α genes to show that the HLCR complex is involved in this process. Thus, HSV-1 has evolved an intimate relationship with the HCLR complex to regulate its gene expression and, by extension, its fundamental interactions with its human host.
A LEVEL SET BASED SHAPE OPTIMIZATION METHOD FOR AN ELLIPTIC OBSTACLE PROBLEM
Authors: Burger Martin , Matevosyan Norayr , Wolfram Marie-Therese 
Published: December 2010

In this paper, we construct a level set method for an elliptic obstacle problem, which can be reformulated as a shape optimization problem. We provide a detailed shape sensitivity analysis for this reformulation and a stability result for the shape Hessian at the optimal shape. Using the shape sensitivities, we construct a geometric gradient flow, which can be realized in the context of level set methods. We prove the convergence of the gradient flow to an optimal shape and provide a complete analysis of the level set method in terms of viscosity solutions. To our knowledge this is the first complete analysis of a level set method for a nonlocal shape optimization problem. Finally, we discuss the implementation of the methods and illustrate its behavior through several computational experiments.
Materials Research in a Knowledge-Based & Innovation-Driven Singapore
Authors: Andy Hor T. S. 
Published: December 2010

The pace of growth for research in Singapore is nothing short of spectacular. Though still in its infancy compared to the might of research giants like Finland, Norway, Israel, Japan, USA, UK and China, Singapore is rapidly moving into higher gear. This comes at a time when the research and development (R&D) of some of the world's leading nations has stalled due in part to the financial meltdown that has only recently seen signs of recovery.But as the saying goes, the best opportunities are found in times of adversity. The approach that Singapore takes is an astute one. Investment in R&D for a country with no natural resources has to be based on the next best thing — intellectual capital and its people. Developing R&D capabilities in a knowledge-based economy therefore depends first and foremost on our human capital. An integrated effort in education and research is hence crucial.The government has taken the lead in R&D investment. It has set a national target of driving the current level of 2.9% of gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) to 3.5% by 2015 — a significant milestone that would put Singapore in the "premier league" of R&D nations. It is with this objective that the new national R&D budget for the next five years will be increased by more than 20% to S$16.1 billion. This increase is justified on the basis of pushing a research agenda that is driven by innovation with an economic mission.