bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Acetate‐Free Citrate‐Containing Dialysate on Metabolic Acidosis, Anemia, and Malnutrition in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Kuragano Takahiro , Kida Aritoshi , Furuta Minoru , Yahiro Mana , Kitamura Rie , Otaki Yoshinaga , Nonoguchi Hiroshi , Matsumoto Akihide , Nakanishi Takeshi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPreviously, dialysate contained small amounts of acetate as an alkaline buffer. Recently, acetate‐free dialysate (A[−]D) has been available. We evaluated the clinical effect of A(−)D over acetate‐containing dialysate (A(+)D) on acid–base balance, anemia, and nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Twenty‐nine patients on MHD were treated with A(+)D for 4 months (first A(+)D), switched to A(−)D for 4 months, and returned to A(+)D for the next 4‐month period (second A(+)D). Metabolic acidosis: Serum bicarbonate (HCO3‐) levels did not change in patients with normal HCO3‐ levels (≥20 mEq/L) throughout the study. Meanwhile, in patients with initially low HCO3‐ levels, it was significantly increased during the A(−)D period only. Anemia: In patients with target hemoglobin (Hb) ≥10 g/dL, Hb levels were maintained during the study period, even if the dose of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs) decreased. In patients with low Hb levels, it was significantly increased in the A(−)D period without increasing ESA or iron doses. Nutritional Condition: In patients with normal albumin levels (≥3.8 g/dL), albumin did not change throughout the study period. However, in patients with lower albumin levels, it was significantly increased during the A(−)D period. These improvements in metabolic acidosis, anemia, and nutrition in the A(−)D period completely dissipated during the second A(+)D period. Hemodialysis (HD) with A(−)D may improve a patient's clinical status with intractable metabolic acidosis, hyporesponsiveness to ESA, and malnutrition that were not normalized in HD with A(+)D.
Religious Communities, Immigration, and Social Cohesion in Rural Areas: Evidence from England*
Authors: Andrews Rhys 
Published: September 2011

AbstractReligious communities are important sources of bridging and bonding social capital that have varying implications for perceptions of social cohesion in rural areas. In particular, as well as cultivating cohesiveness more broadly, the bridging social capital associated within mainline religious communities may represent an especially important source of support for the social integration of new immigrant groups. Although the bonding social capital associated with evangelical communities is arguably less conducive to wider social cohesion, it may prompt outreach work by those communities, which can enhance immigrant integration. This article examines these assumptions by exploring the relationship between mainline and evangelical religious communities, immigration, and residents' perceptions of social cohesion in rural areas in England. I model the separate and combined effects of religious communities and economic in‐migration on social cohesion using multivariate statistical techniques. The analysis suggests that mainline Protestant communities enhance social cohesion in rural England, while evangelical communities do not. The social integration of immigrants appears to be more likely where mainline Protestant and Catholic communities are strong, but is unaffected by the strength of evangelical ones.
A gene expression profile for non‐smoking and non‐drinking patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Farshadpour F , Roepman P , Hordijk GJ , Koole R , Slootweg PJ 
Published: September 2011

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 178–183Objective:  A small subset of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are non‐smoking and non‐drinking and have distinct clinical characteristics. We aimed to identify a possible different genetic profile for these patients when compared with their smoking and drinking counterparts.Materials and Methods:  The gene expression data previously detected from primary tumors located in the oral cavity and oropharynx, using DNA microarray was analyzed for their differential expression between non‐smoking and non‐drinking patients (n = 15) and smoking and drinking patients (n = 89). Student’s T‐test (P < 0.05) and 10‐fold cross‐validation procedure (100 times repeated) were performed to determine differentially expressed genes.Results:  Non‐smoking and non‐drinking patients were older, mostly female and had oral cavity‐localized tumors, whereas smoking and drinking patients were younger male patients with 81% oral cavity and 19% oropharynx tumors. A set of 49 differentially expressed genes were detected. Among others, seven genes related to interferon‐γ were upregulated and two genes linked to NFKB pathway were downregulated.Conclusions:  Differentially expressed genes in non‐smoking and non‐drinking patients possibly indicate the presence of a different cellular response to carcinogenic events in these patients. Further studies are warranted to validate this gene set and explore possible therapeutic implications to improve prognosis for these patients.
Cleidocranial dysplasia: oral features and genetic analysis of 11 patients
Authors: Bufalino A , Paranaíba LMR , Gouvêa AF , Gueiros LA , Martelli‐Júnior H , Junior JJ , Lopes MA , Graner E , de Almeida OP , Vargas PA , Coletta RD 
Published: September 2011

Oral Diseases (2012) 18, 184–190Background:  Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a dominantly inherited autosomal disease characterized by typical bone defects including short stature, persistently open or delayed closure of the cranial sutures, and hypoplastic or aplastic clavicles. Oral features are frequent and include supernumerary teeth, delayed eruption or impaction of the permanent teeth, and malocclusion. Heterozygous mutations in RUNX2 gene, which encodes a transcription factor essential for osteoblast differentiation, were identified as the etiological cause of CCD.Objective and Methods:  Herein, we performed physical and radiographic examination and screening for RUNX2 mutations in 11 patients from five families with CCD.Results:  All patients demonstrated the classical phenotypes related to CCD. Families whose affected members had several dental alterations such as multiple impacted and supernumerary teeth demonstrated heterozygous missense mutations (R190Q and R225Q) that impair the runt domain of RUNX2. On the other hand, CCD patients from families with low frequency of dental abnormalities showed no mutation in RUNX2 or mutation outside of the runt domain (Q292fs→X299).Conclusion:  The current findings suggest a correlation between dental alterations and mutations in the runt domain of RUNX2 in CCD patients. Further clinical and genetic studies are needed to clarify the relationship between phenotypes and genotypes in CCD and to identify other factors that might influence the clinical features of this uncommon disease.
On safety, pharmacokinetics and dosage of bevacizumab in ROP treatment – a review
Authors: Hård Anna‐Lena , Hellström Ann 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOff‐label intravitreal use of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) increases despite lack of studies on safety, pharmacokinetics and dosage in developing individuals. Systemic absorption has been considered negligible. A literature search was performed with emphasis on potential adverse systemic effects in developing individuals.Conclusion:  Intravitreal bevacizumab enters the general circulation, suppresses plasma VEGF levels and remains in the blood for more than 8 weeks in primates. Possible adverse effects on VEGF‐dependent development must be considered.
Fatigue resistance of acrylic resin denture base material reinforced with E‐glass fibres
Authors: Gurbuz Ozlem , Dikbas Idil , Unalan Fatma 
Published: September 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00548.x

Fatigue resistance of acrylic resin denture base material reinforced with E‐glass fibresObjective:  The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of different forms and concentrations (2.5, 3, 4, 5% by volume) of glass fibres (chopped strand mat, continuous and woven) on fatigue resistance of acrylic denture base resin.Material and Methods:  The fatigue resistance was measured by applying repeated three‐point bending deflection to the specimens, the cycle frequency of 1.05 g and magnitude of deflection of 2.0 mm. The number of loading cycles needed to cause a fracture in the test specimen was considered the fatigue resistance of the specimen.Results:  The results of this study revealed that the addition of three different glass fibre forms at all concentrations to acrylic resin did not produce a statistically significant increase in the fatigue resistance (p ≥ 0.05). This study also revealed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between glass fibres forms used concerning the effects on the fatigue resistance.Conclusion:  This study showed that the woven glass fibres had a definite superiority over the chopped fibres and the continuous fibres in regard to the fatigue resistance of the acrylic denture base resin.
Future deceleration due to cosmic backreaction in presence of the event horizon
Authors: Bose Nilok , Majumdar A. S. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT
The present acceleration of the Universe leads to the formation of a cosmological future event horizon. We explore the effects of the event horizon on cosmological backreaction due to inhomogeneities in the universe. Beginning from the onset of the present accelerating era, we show that backreaction in presence of the event horizon causes acceleration to slow down in the subsequent evolution. Transition to another decelerating era could ensue eventually at a future epoch, ensuring avoidance of a big rip.
The use of auditory stimulants during swim encounters with Hector's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus hectori hectori) in Akaroa Harbour, New Zealand
Authors: Martinez Emmanuelle , Orams Mark B. , Pawley Matt D. M. , Stockin Karen A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe coastal distribution of Hector's dolphins and their attraction to vessels make them easily accessible to commercial tour operations. For over 25 yr, tour operators have been undertaking view and swim‐with‐dolphin trips in Akaroa Harbour, New Zealand. Since 2003, auditory stimulants, in particular stones, have been provided during such swim encounters. The potential effects associated with such stimulants have not, until now, been examined. Here, we investigate the effects of stones and other human‐induced noise on Hector's dolphin behavior. The use of stones significantly affected how dolphins interacted with swimmers. Specifically, swimmers who used stones had a greater probability of close approaches by dolphins than those who sang or simply floated on the surface of the water. The number of close and sustained approaches was also significantly higher for swimmers using stones. Dolphins were more interactive with active swimmers, approaching closer and engaging for longer than with nonactive swimmers. Dolphins socializing had a tendency to be engaged longer with swimmers. The use of stones as an auditory stimulant to sustain or enhance interactions with dolphins by artificial means may not be in the best interest of an endangered species, which already faces a range of challenges due to human activity.
Sonographic evaluation of thyroid morphology during different reproductive events in female Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops aduncus
Authors: Kot Brian C. W. , Ying Michael T. C. , Brook Fiona M. , Kinoshita Reimi E. , Kane David , Chan Winson K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThyroid morphology and function are likely affected by the cyclic hormonal environment during different reproductive events in females. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the variation of thyroid morphology at different reproductive events (anestrus, estrus, lactation, and pregnancy) in a captive group of Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) measured using sonography. Sonographic examinations of the thyroid gland and ovaries in nine sexually mature female subjects were performed weekly for 2.5 yr. A generalized linear mixed model was used to estimate the effects of the reproductive events for thyroid volume. Reproductive event was found to be a significant predictor for thyroid volume measurement and significant variation in thyroid volume was found between different reproductive events. A significantly larger thyroid volume in lactating females was observed when compared with estrous and anestrous females, possibly due to the high energy requirements and milk production during lactation. Taken together, thyroid volume variation during different reproductive events in female dolphins should be considered so as to obtain a diagnostically meaningful assessment when conducting routine examinations.
Phlorotannin Production and Lipid Oxidation as a Potential Protective Function Against High Photosynthetically Active and UV Radiation in Gametophytes of Alaria esculenta (Alariales, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Steinhoff Franciska S. , Graeve Martin , Bartoszek Krzysztof , Bischof Kai , Wiencke Christian 
Published: September 2011

AbstractRadiation damage can inter alia result in lipid peroxidation of macroalgal cell membranes. To prevent photo‐oxidation within the cells, photoprotective substances such as phlorotannins are synthesized. In the present study, changes in total fatty acids (FA), FA composition and intra/extracellular phlorotannin contents were determined by gas chromatography and the Folin‐Ciocalteu method to investigate the photoprotective potential of phlorotannins to prevent lipid peroxidation. Alaria esculenta juveniles (Phaeophyceae) were exposed over 20 days to high/low photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in combination with UV radiation (UVR) in the treatments: PAB (low/high PAR + UV‐B + UV‐A), PA (low/high PAR + UV‐A) or low/high PAR only. While extracellular phlorotannins increased after 10 days, intracellular phlorotannins increased with exposure time and PA and decreased under PAB. Interactive effects of time:radiation wavebands, time:PAR dose as well as radiation wavebands:PAR dose were observed. Low FA contents were detected in the PA and PAB treatments; interactive effects were observed between time:high PAR and PAB:high PAR. Total FA contents were correlated to extra/intracellular phlorotannin contents. Our results suggest that phlorotannins might play a role in intra/extracellular protection by absorption and oxidation processes. Changes in FA content/composition upon UVR and high PAR might be considered as an adaptive mechanism of the A. esculenta juveniles subjected to variations in solar irradiance.
Saproxylic beetle thrives on the openness in management: a case study on the ecological requirements of Cucujus cinnaberinus from Central Europe
Authors: HORÁK JAKUB , CHUMANOVÁ EVA , HILSZCZAŃSKI JACEK 
Published: September 2011

Abstract.  1. Saproxylic beetles are a key group when assessing forest biodiversity, and biologists have been trying to explore their ecological requirements.2. We studied Cucujus cinnaberinus in its recent stronghold (i.e. Czech Republic, Central Europe).3. Our analyses using a generalised linear model (GLZ) revealed that sufficient sun exposure was the most important habitat parameter at the tree level and that the species preferred dead wood with well‐peeled bark at an intermediate stage of decay at the microhabitat level.4. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of species associations showed that the microhabitat of C. cinnaberinus was often prepared by early phloeoxylophages. Silvanids and large carabids were significant associates, and the non‐coleopteran taxa associated with C. cinnaberinus were ants (Lasius spp.), mites, springtails, and centipedes. Only one species of bracket fungus Phellinus populicola was significantly associated with C. cinnaberinus.5. Cucujus cinnaberinus microhabitats were species‐rich compared with those from which this species was absent. C. cinnaberinus shares its habitat with several red‐listed beetles. The most common functional groups were predators and scavengers. However, we found no difference in the composition of functional groups between sites with and without C. cinnaberinus in our study samples.6. The results contribute to the debate about the decline in saproxylic species in relation to the decline in open spaces in forest landscapes. The habitat requirements of many saproxylic beetles indicate that modern forest management should pay more attention to open forest stands, rather than hands‐off practices that naturally lead to canopy closure.
Variability of Heidelberg Retina Tomograph parameters during exercise
Authors: Saarela Ville , Ahvenvaara Elina , Tuulonen Anja 
Published: September 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise affects the stereometric parameters representing optic nerve head (ONH) topography.Methods:  ONH topography, intraocular pressure (IOP) and blood pressure of 30 healthy volunteers were monitored before, during and after dynamic exercise raising systolic blood pressure by a minimum of 30 mmHg. Change in the stereometric ONH parameters was calculated.Results:  IOP decreased and blood pressure increased during exercise, resulting in an increase in mean ocular perfusion pressure. Exercise was associated with an increase in variance in 17 of the 18 stereometric ONH parameters. The increase in variance was statistically significant in eight parameters, including rim area, cup/disc area ratio and cup shape measure. There was no statistically significant change in image quality. The absolute change from baseline in rim area, cup area, cup/disc area ratio, rim/disc area ratio and rim volume showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlation with change in mean ocular perfusion pressure.Conclusions:  Exercise increases variability in stereometric ONH parameters. To avoid increased variance in the stereometric parameters, ONH imaging should be performed after allowing sufficient time to rest.
Anti‐hepatitis B surface immunoglobulin reduction in early postoperative period after liver transplantation in hepatitis B virus‐positive patients
Authors: Ishigami Masatoshi , Onishi Yasuharu , Ito Takashi , Katano Yoshiaki , Ito Akihiro , Hirooka Yoshiki , Kiuchi Tetsuya , Goto Hidemi 
Published: September 2011

Aim:  We investigated a protocol that lowered the necessary dose of anti‐hepatitis B surface immunoglobulin (HBIg) with frequent monitoring of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (HBsAb) levels in the early post‐transplant period.Methods:  Fifteen hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐positive patients were studied. We administered a nucleoside analog from the preoperative period, high dose HBIg was used intraoperatively (200 IU/kg in the patients who weighed less than 50 kg, and 10 000 IU in those who weighed more than or equal to 50 kg) and was continued every day (5000–10 000 IU/day). Thereafter, HBIg was administered to keep the target trough titers. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of this protocol for preventing HBV reactivation.Results:  The average use of HBIg during the first three postoperative months (POM) was 27.9 ± 9.6 Kilo International Units. The average cost was $US11 800 in the first three postoperative months, compared with other previously reported protocols (about $20 000–40 000). HBV reactivation was detected in only one patient (6.7%) during the median follow up of 64 months (range: 12–86 months).Conclusions:  The present protocol for HBIg administration, which used frequent monitoring of HBsAg and HBsAb levels to determine the minimum required dose, was both safe and effective, and contributed to overall cost saving after liver transplantation.
smatr 3– an R package for estimation and inference about allometric lines
Authors: Warton David I. , Duursma Remko A. , Falster Daniel S. , Taskinen Sara 
Published: September 2011

Summary1. The Standardised Major Axis Tests and Routines (SMATR) software provides tools for estimation and inference about allometric lines, currently widely used in ecology and evolution.2. This paper describes some significant improvements to the functionality of the package, now available on R in smatr version 3.3. New inclusions in the package include sma and ma functions that accept formula input and perform the key inference tasks; multiple comparisons; graphical methods for visualising data and checking (S)MA assumptions; robust (S)MA estimation and inference tools.
How to fit nonlinear plant growth models and calculate growth rates: an update for ecologists
Authors: Paine C. E. Timothy , Marthews Toby R. , Vogt Deborah R. , Purves Drew , Rees Mark , Hector Andy , Turnbull Lindsay A. 
Published: September 2011

Summary1. Plant growth is a fundamental ecological process, integrating across scales from physiology to community dynamics and ecosystem properties. Recent improvements in plant growth modelling have allowed deeper understanding and more accurate predictions for a wide range of ecological issues, including competition among plants, plant–herbivore interactions and ecosystem functioning.2. One challenge in modelling plant growth is that, for a variety of reasons, relative growth rate (RGR) almost universally decreases with increasing size, although traditional calculations assume that RGR is constant. Nonlinear growth models are flexible enough to account for varying growth rates.3. We demonstrate a variety of nonlinear models that are appropriate for modelling plant growth and, for each, show how to calculate function‐derived growth rates, which allow unbiased comparisons among species at a common time or size. We show how to propagate uncertainty in estimated parameters to express uncertainty in growth rates. Fitting nonlinear models can be challenging, so we present extensive worked examples and practical recommendations, all implemented in R.4. The use of nonlinear models coupled with function‐derived growth rates can facilitate the testing of novel hypotheses in population and community ecology. For example, the use of such techniques has allowed better understanding of the components of RGR, the costs of rapid growth and the linkage between host and parasite growth rates. We hope this contribution will demystify nonlinear modelling and persuade more ecologists to use these techniques.
Auto-calibration Based Control and Its Application to a Kind of Electrohydraulic Poppet Valves
Authors: Opdenbosch Patrick , Sadegh Nader , Book Wayne 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
This paper describes a novel learning/adaptive state trajectory control method and its application to electronic hydraulic pressure control. The control algorithm presented herein learns the inverse input-state mapping of the plant at the same time this map is employed in the feedforward loop to force the state of the plant to asymptotically converge to a prescribed state trajectory. The algorithm accomplishes this task without requiring prior exact information about the state transition map of the plant. The novel controller is applied to an electrohydraulic poppet valve with the objective of tracking a desired supply pressure signal. In this application, the controller learns the inverse conductance characteristics of the valve. The supply pressure tracking performance subject to the proposed controller is validated through experimental data.