bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evaluation of a New 7‐Day Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone Agonist Protocol in the Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation for in vitro Fertilization
Authors: Yang Tzay‐Shing , Tsan Shun‐Hwa , Wang Bao‐Chiang , Chang Sheng‐Ping , Ng Heung‐Tat 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) was used in the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for the in vitro fertilization program. However, the traditional long protocol demanded more human menopause gonadotropin (hMG) and sometimes causes unnecessary delay in the procedure. A new 7‐ day GnRHa/hMG protocol required to conserve cost and time is thus evaluated for better outcome.Methods: Sixty consecutive IVF candidates less than 40 years of age were recruited for the study. Cases with severe male factor or polycystic ovarian disease were excluded. The perspective candidates were divided into two groups, one received the traditional, GnRHa/hMG protocol and the other received the new 7‐day regimen.Results: When comparing the results in pregnancy rate (33.3% vs 30%), cleavage rate (75.7% vs 75.5%), and the number of oocyte obtained (5.96 ± 0.91 vs 6.63 ± 0.90), the 7‐day GnRHa/hMG protocol is as good as those of the traditional regimen. The amount of hMG used nevertheless was significantly less (21.48 ± 0.78 vs 50.59 ± 2.07).Conclusion: The new regimen will surely reduce the cost to relieve patient's financial burden and to increase patient's comfort.
Cervical Cytology by Means of Fluorescence in situ Hybridization with a Set of Chromosome‐Specific DNA Probes*
Authors: Hariu Hideki , Matsuta Morimasa 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To reveal the numerical aberration of chromosome 1 and chromosome 17 in cervical neoplasia.Methods: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome‐specific repetitive DNA probes was applied on cervical smears of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, CIN II, and CIN III, and of invasive carcinoma cases, to detect numerical aberrations of chromosome 1 (#1) and chromosome 17 (#17). The cases were histologically classified as CIN I (n = 9), CIN II (n = 12), CIN III [severe dysplasia (n = 14), carcinoma in situ (CIS) (n = 14)], and invasive carcinoma (IC) squamous‐cell carcinoma, large‐cell nonkeratinizing type (n = 12). FISH was applied on the same cervical smears of these cases after Papanicolaou's staining, and copies in marked atypical cells were counted using a fluorescence microscope.Results: The 9.49 ± 2.59%/9.72 ± 1.40% (#1/#17) cells showed an aneuploid pattern in CIN I, 22.5 ± 3.98%/15.5 ± 3.02% (#1/#17) in CIN II, 44.3 ± 7.18%/ 45.01 ± 5.61% (#1/#17) in severe dysplasia, 52.66 ± 6.32/48.9 ± 7.55% (#1/#17) in CIS, and 66.22 ± 3.20%/57.38 ± 5.35% in IC. The loss of a chromosome in CIN III cases and the gain of a chromosome in CIS and IC cases should be noted (p < 0.01).Conclusion: Because FISH has revealed the numerical aberrations of chromosome 1 and 17 in cervical neoplasia, this is an especially useful method for biological dosimetry and cancer biology.
Maternal Congenital Heart Disease and Pregnancy Outcome
Authors: Chia Y. T. , Yeoh S. C. , Viegas O. A. C. , Lim M. , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To study the obstetrics and neonatal outcome of women with congenital heart disease.Method: This is a retrospective study of 85 women with congenital cardiac disease. Data collected include maternal characteristics, New York Heart Association Class, cardiac complications and obstetric and neonatal outcome.Results: The maternal and neonatal outcomes were excellent with no maternal and perinatal mortality. The main cardiac lesions were mitral valve prolapse (60.8%), atrial septal defect (8.6%), ventricle septal defect (6.5%) and aortic regurgitation (4.3%) and 2.1% each of tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary regurgitation, Ebstein's anomaly, coarctation of aorta, patent ductus arteriosus, and Eisenmenger's syndrome. Six deliveries were associated with New York Heart Association deterioration. Compared to the general obstetric population, more women in the study group were primigravida, had pregnancy induced hypertension, underwent instrumental vaginal deliveries and caesarean sections and had more babies with lower birth weights.Conclusion: Despite potential difficulties and complications associated with congenital heart disease, careful cardiac and obstetric management in a tertiary referral centre resulted in good maternal and fetal outcomes.
Obstetric Uterine Rupture in North Jordan
Authors: Ziadeh Saed M. , Zakaria Mohannad R. , Sunna Elias I. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: The purpose of our study was to determine the aetiological factors of uterine rupture during labour, and propose preventive measures.Methods: This retrospective study was performed between February 1989 and July 1994, to analyze the cases of rupture uterus in relation to causes, age, parity, maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity.Results: There were 37 cases of uterine rupture at our institutions. Obstructed labour by malpresentation and disproportion was the main cause. The presence of previous caesarean section scar, dysfunctional labour, injudicious use of uterine stimulant, were the other causes. There was no maternal death and the fetal loss was 17(46%).Conclusions: The high incidence of uterine rupture is attributed to lack of prenatal care, labour in high risk patients outside the hospital because of declining economy, and more patients with 2 or more previously scarred uterus with many of them labouring more than 14 hours. Maternal and neonatal complications have remained very high in the developing countries.
The Effect of Sperm‐Mucus Interaction Test on the Outcome of in vitro Fertilization and Ovulation Induction Combined with Intrauterin Insemination
Authors: Abu‐Heija A. T. , Fleming R. , Jamieson M. E. , Yates R. W. S. , Coutts J. R. T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To investigate the effect of sperm mucus penetration tests (SPT) on the fertilization rate (FR) and pregnancy rate (PR) in patients treated with either in vitro fertilization (IVF) or ovulation induction combined with intrauterine insemination (OI + IUI).Methods: Retrospective analysis of a regional Infertility Unit database. Infertile couples where the women had normal ovarian function and a normal pelvis at laparoscopy and her partner had normal seminology who had failed at least two SPTs who were treated with either IVF or OI + IUI. These patients were compared with similar couples in whom SPTs were satisfactory (SPT + ve).Group A (SPT + ve) consisted of 46 patients who underwent 78 treatment cycles of IVF and Group B (SPT ‐ ve) comprised 31 patients who underwent 35 IVF cycles. Group C (SPT + ve) consisted of 39 patients who underwent 84 treatment cycles with OI + IUI, and Group D (SPT ‐ ve) consisted of 15 patients who underwent 37 cycles with the same treatment.Results: In patients treated with IVF, the FR and PR per embryo transfer were 77.0% and 20.0%, respectively in Group A, and 64.0% and 22.6%, respectively in Group B. The differences in FRs were statistically significant (p < 0.001) but there was no difference in the PRs. In patients treated with OI + IUI, the PR per cycle were 22.0% in Group C and 16.2% in Group D.Conclusion: The results indicate that SPT failure was associated with a lower FR in IVF but this did not affect the PRs. Similarly there was no difference in PRs following OI + IUI.
Effects of Weight Loss on Bone Mineral Density in Rats
Authors: Douchi Tsutomu , Oki Toshimichi , Kosha Shouichirou , Nakamura Sachiko , Ijuin Hirofumi , Yamamoto Shinichi , Noguchi Shinichi , Nagata Yukihiro 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the effects of weight loss on bone mineral density (BMD).Methods: Eight‐week‐old female rats were divided into 4 groups: Those in Group A received a restricted diet for 4 weeks; those in Group B received a restricted diet and were treated with estrogen; those in Group C were castrated; and those in Group D underwent sham operations. The rat's body weight (BW) and vaginal smears were checked, and their femoral BMD was measured.Results: The BW and BMD at 12 weeks were lower in Groups A and B than in Groups C and D; thereafter, however, these values increased for Groups A and B, but were still lower than those in Group D even at 20 weeks. In Group C, the BMD did not decrease, but it was significantly lower than that in Group D at 16 and 20 weeks. Group A showed continuous diestrus 2 weeks after dietary restriction began, but recovered to a 4‐day cycle 2 weeks after the initiation of free food consumption.Conclusion: Weight loss had a greater effect on BMD than hypoestrogenism.
Current Status of Assisted Reproductive Technology in Asia and Oceania
Authors: Chang Yoon‐Seok , Kim Seok‐Hyun , Moon Shin‐Yong , Lee Jin‐Yong 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in Asia‐Oceanic region in 1992 and 1993.Design: Data were collected on an annual summary form and submitted to the Reproductive Biology Committee of AOFOG.Participants: Twelve member countries of AOFOG submitted data on ART procedures performed in 1992 and 1993 — Australia, Egypt, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Pakistan, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. Data were collected in 1995 so that the outcomes of all pregnancies established would be known.Main Outcome Measures: Clinical characteristics of patients, causes of infertility, protocols and outcomes of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH), and outcomes of clinical pregnancy including abortion, ectopic pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, and congenital malformation were measured in each ART procedure.Results: In 1992, 23,872 cycles of IVF‐ET were performed with 21.8% clinical pregnancy rate (PR) per ET, 4,840 cycles of GIFT with 29.5% PR per transfer, 1,136 cycles of simultaneous IVF‐ET and GIFT with 29.9% PR, and 1,563 cycles of ZIFT with 23.1% PR. Total 575 clinical pregnancies were achieved in cryopreserved ET program, 96 pregnancies in oocyte donation program, and 87 pregnancies in microassisted fertilization (MAF) program. In 1993, 24,571 cycles of IVF‐ET were performed with 21.6% clinical PR per ET, 5,240 cycles of GIFT with 28.2% PR per transfer, 1,063 cycles of simultaneous IVF‐ET and GIFT with 32.0% PR, 1,005 cycles of ZIFT with 21.6% PR, 5,562 cycles of cryopreserved ET program with 12.8% PR, and 2,198 cycles of MAF program with 11.6% PR. Total 117 clinical pregnancies were achieved in oocyte donation program.Conclusions: Although the concepts as well as the status and results of ART are continuously changing, this report may be helpful in planning the future of ART in Asia‐Oceania by analyzing the past history.
Early Asymmetric IUGR and Aneuploidy
Authors: Anandakumar C. , Chew S. , Wong Y. C. , Malarvishy G. , Po L. U. , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To determine the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with asymmetric growth retardation in the second and early third trimesters of pregnancy.Methods: From November 1989 to December 1993, 71 singleton pregnancies with asymmetrical growth retardation diagnosed at 15 to 35 weeks gestation had detailed ultrasonographic examination for structural malformations and fetal karyotyping done.Results: The fetal karyotype was abnormal in 7 (9.9%) of the cases. There were 19 growth retarded fetuses with concomitant structural defects. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in asymmetrical growth retarded fetuses with structural defects was 21% (4/19). The incidence of fetal aneuploidy in structurally normal fetuses with asymmetrical growth retardation detected before 23 weeks gestation was 20% (3/15); while for those presenting between 23–29 weeks gestation, no abnormal karyotypes were found.Conclusion: Although more prospective data is needed, our data seems to suggest that fetal karyotyping may be unnecessary in structurally normal fetuses with early onset intrauterine growth retardation occurring between 23–29 weeks of gestation.
Choriocarcinoma Complicated by Splenic Rupture: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Challis Daniel E. , Rew Kenneth J. , Steigrad Stephen J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA patient with choriocarcinoma presenting with acute abdominal pain due to splenic rupture from secondary deposits is reported. This rare case exhibited several other unusual features including coexisting bilateral ovarian teratomas and the absence of any evidence of a primary lesion. Several hemangiomata in the liver initially confused the clinic picture.
The Clinical Efficacy of Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer by Minilaparotomy versus in vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer
Authors: Sayama Masaaki , Araki Shigeo , Motoyama Mitsuhiro , Tamada Taro , Sato Ikuo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the clinical performance of gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF‐ET).Methods: Infertile women were divided into 2 groups: for GIFT, 239 patients (326 cycles) with at least 1 patent tube; and, for IVF‐ET, 125 patients (210 cycles) with bilateral tubal occlusion. A specially designed retractor was developed to replace the gametes into an appropriate section of the Fallopian tube accurately and safely. Several parameters, including the pregnancy and delivery rates of each group, were compared.Results: The success rate per trial in the GIFT group was approximately 1.5 times higher than that in the IVF group (pregnancy rate: 44.2% vs. 31.0%, p < 0.01; delivery rate: 33.4% vs. 22.9%, p < 0.01). The pregnancy and delivery rates of GIFT decreased steadily with the number of trials. These apparent decreases were not observed up to the 3rd trial in IVF‐ET cases.Conclusions: GIFT with a minilaparotomy procedure yielded significantly higher success rates than IVF‐ET. Accordingly, GIFT is considered to be the first treatment choice in infertility cases with at least 1 patent Fallopian tube.
Calcium Supplementation and Prevention of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Authors: Purwar Manorama , Kulkarni Hemant , Motghare Vijay , Dhole Sangita 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn a randomized controlled trial 201 healthy nulliparous women were randomly allocated by means of a computer generated randomization list. From 20 weeks of gestation until delivery they received either 2 g of oral elemental calcium (n = 103) per day or an identical placebo (n = 98). Eleven women (5.47%) were lost to follow‐up after randomization. The study groups were very similar at the time of randomization; with respect to several clinical and demographic variables. Treatment compliance was very similar in both groups as was determined by pill count.1 The rate of pregnancy induced hypertension was lower in the calcium group than in the placebo group 8.24%; vs 29.03%; (RR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.14–0.59). The incidence of gestational hypertension was 6.18% in the calcium group and 17.20% in the placebo group (RR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.08–0.80), and the incidence of preeclampsia was 2.06% in the calcium group and 11.82% in the placebo group (RR = 0.13; 95% CI 0.01–0.64). In conclusion calcium supplementation given in pregnancy to nulliparous women reduces the incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension.
Correlation between the Stimulatory Effect of Oxytocin on the Formation of Inositol Phosphates and the Oxytocin Receptor Level in the Pregnant Rabbit Myometrium
Authors: Hirata Junko , Kikuchi Yoshihiro , Imaizumi Eiji , Furuya Kenichi , Nagata Ichiro 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: In order to elucidate the roles of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and oxytocin (OT) receptors in rabbit parturition, the concentration of IP3induced by OT and the OT receptor levels were determined in rabbit myometria before and after parturition.Methods: The effects of OT on IP3formation and OT receptor levels were determined in the myometria of non‐pregnant rabbits, Days 26, 28 and 30 of pregnancy rabbits, postpartum rabbits within 12 hours and steroid‐treated ovariectomized rabbits. Prostaglandins (PGs) levels were also measured in the myometrial and decidual tissues.Results: OT receptors were not detectable in the myometria of non‐pregnant rabbits, and OT had no effect on the formation of inositol phosphates (IPs). On Day 28 of pregnancy, OT receptors became detectable, and then OT could induce the formation of IPs. Thereafter, the stimulatory effects of OT on IPs formation and the OT receptor levels dramatically increased toward the end of pregnancy and reduced rapidly after parturition. When the ovariectomized pregnant rabbits were treated with estrogen, OT receptors in the myometrium were induced, and OT acquired the ability to stimulate IP3formation. However, OT had no effect on the production of cAMP, cGMP, prostaglandin (PG) E2and F2αin the myometria, even if receptors existed, although PGE2production in the decidual tissues was markedly stimulated. In addition, an OT receptor antagonist inhibited the stimulatory effects of OT on IP3formation.Conclusions: These results suggest that the formation of IPs by OT, the OT receptor levels in the myometrium, and the production of PGE2in the decidua might play crucial roles in parturition.
Audible in Utero Sound Caused by the Ultrasonic Radiation Force from a Real‐Time Scanner
Authors: Arulkumaran Sabaratnam , Talbert David G. , Nyman Margareta , Westgren Magnus , Su Hsu Tar , Ratnam Shan S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWhile investigating in utero sound levels during vibro‐acoustic stimulation on the maternal abdomen it was noticed that noise level increased when the real‐time ultrasonic scanner beam was directed at the sensing hydrophone. The noise was recorded and later analysed for frequency content and waveform. It appeared related to the scanning and frame rate frequencies of the scanner used. Sounds may originate from radiation pressure produced when the ultrasound beam is absorbed by tissue or reflected from bone or the metal hydrophone. This implies that although ultrasound cannot be heard per se, any modulation of its intensity will produce vibrations in the maternal tissues or reflecting structures such as skull bone, and especially stapes, malleus and incus, that would be heard as sound by the fetus. The intensity of the sound produced varied with orientation of the transducer beam and this may itself produce a stimulation. Based on our recordings (Fig. 1), it was calculated (please see Appendix) that the fetus would hear a sound corresponding to 84dB noise pressure level in air.
Urinary Levels of Nitric Oxide Metabolites in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia
Authors: Begum Sultana , Yamasaki Mineo , Mochizuki Matsuto 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study is to clarify the physiological role of nitric oxide (NO) in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia.Study Design: Thirty normotensive women (1st trimester, n = 7; 2nd trimester, n = 6; 3rd trimester, n=10; puerperal period, n = 1) and 19 patients with preeclampsia (3rd trimester, n = 9; puerperal period, n = 10) were studied. Urinary and blood samples were obtained from each participant who was designed to be under the same condition. Urinary NOx (nitrate/nitrite) was measured with Greiss method after nitrate reduction. Urinary cyclic guanosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cGMP), creatinine clearance, serum triglyceride, uric acid, albumin and blood cell count were also determined.Results: 1) Urinary NOx levels in 2nd and 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy tended to be higher than those in 1st trimester. There was also a tendency of decreased urinary NOx in puerperal period. Urinary NOx in antepartum preeclampsia was significantly lower than that of normal pregnancy in 3rd trimester. 2) Urinary cGMP was significantly higher in 2nd trimester of normal pregnancy than in 1st trimester. There was also a tendency of decreased urinary cGMP in puerperal period. In preeclampsia the values in 3rd trimester were significantly higher than those in puerperium. 3) A significant positive correlation was observed between urinary NOx and cGMP only in 3rd trimester of normal gestation. 4) In normal pregnancy of 3rd trimester, significant negative correlations were observed between urinary NOx and either of mean blood pressure or serum triglyceride. In preeclampsia of antepartum, urinary excretion of NOx was significantly correlated positively with creatinine clearance and negatively with mean blood pressure or serum uric acid. Urinary excretion of NOx in both of normal pregnant and preeclamptic women in 3rd trimester was significantly correlated with serum triglyceride.Conclusion: It is suggested that NO may modulate the cardiovascular changes during pregnancy and impaired production of the molecule may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
Sertoli Leydig Cell Tumor with Malignant Heterologous Elements and Raised Alpha‐Fetoprotein: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Zeba N. , Singh Manoj K. , Chopra Prem 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA case of a Sertoli Leydig cell tumor in a young female with virilizing symptoms and an androgenic endocrine profile with raised serum alpha‐fetoprotein is presented. The tumor consisted predominantly of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal heterologous elements. Such a combination in the same tumor has to the best of our knowledge not been previously reported in English literature. The Leydig cells were immnohistochemically positive for alpha‐fetoprotein. Sertoli Leydig cell tumors should be included in the differential diagnosis of tumors with raised alpha‐fetoprotein. Chemotherapy in addition to surgery has been recommended for these tumors.
Psychiatric Consultations in Obstetric Inpatients
Authors: Tsai Shih‐Jen , Lee Ying‐Chiao , Yang Chen‐Hong , Sim Cho‐Boon 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychiatric consultation condition in the obstetric ward with particular attention paid to the reasons for referral, psychiatric diagnoses and recommendations.Methods: This study was conducted in a medical center with 73 obstetric beds. All psychiatric consultations of obstetric inpatients during a 3‐year period were included in this study. Data were derived from clinical charts and consultation records that included demographic data, reasons for referral, psychiatric diagnoses and treatment recommendations.Results: Within the 3 ‐year period, 28 patients were referred for psychiatric consultation, or 0.3% of the 9,972 obstetric admissions. The obstetric group represented 0.7% of all the psychiatric consultations. The most common reason for the referral was anxiety. Many obstetric problems, medical histories and psychiatric histories were found in these 28 patients. The most common diagnoses were depression or dysthymia, and schizophrenia. The diagnosis of organic mental disorders was rarely found. The vast majority of the psychiatric consultants were likely to recommend medication and psychological intervention.Conclusion: Even though there is a low psychiatric consultation rate among the obstetric inpatients, it does not mean that the prevalence rate of mental disorders is low in the obstetric patients. Psychiatric problems may be neglected or happen after patients are discharged. Organic mental disorders were rarely found in the obstetric patients which suggested a different pattern of mental disorders in the obstetric patients compared to other patients. The stress during child delivery needs further study for it may exacerbate or predispose a mental disorder. It is suggested that collaboration between obstetric staff and the consultation‐liaison psychiatrists may provide better care for pregnant women patients.