bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive history of parous women and urinary incontinence in midlife: A National Birth Cohort follow‐up study
Authors: Kjeldsen Anne Cathrine , Taastrøm Katja Albert , Gommesen Ditte , Hjorth Sarah , Axelsen Susanne , Nohr Ellen Aagaard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate how reproductive history was associated with urinary incontinence in midlife.DesignA follow‐up study.SettingDenmark.PopulationA total of 39 977 mothers who participated in the Maternal Follow up (2013–2014) in the Danish National Birth Cohort. National registries provided their reproductive history.MethodsHow parity, mode of birth and obstetric tears associated with urinary incontinence were estimated with adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI using logistic regression.Main outcome measuresSelf‐reported urinary incontinence including subtypes stress, urge and mixed urinary incontinence.ResultsAt an average age of 44 years, the prevalence of any urinary incontinence was 32% (21% stress, 2% urge, and 8% mixed urinary incontinence). Women with two births more often had urinary incontinence than women with one birth (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.10–1.31). Compared with women with only spontaneous births, a history of only caesarean sections was associated with much lower odds of urinary incontinence (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.35–0.42) and a history of instrumental births with slightly lower odds (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–0.98). Compared with no tear/first‐degree tear as the largest tear, episiotomy was associated with less urinary incontinence (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86–0.97) whereas third/fourth‐degree tears were associated with more (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.25). Findings were mainly explained by similar associations with stress and mixed urinary incontinence.ConclusionsVaginal birth was associated with a higher risk of long‐term urinary incontinence, but our results indicate that this risk may be reduced by shortening the second stage of birth.
Bedside urine testing for fentanyl in self‐reported heroin users in a tertiary Brisbane emergency department
Authors: Harris Keith , Holford Amanda G , Learmont Benjamin G , Isoardi Katherine Z 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if patients presenting to our toxicology unit following self‐reported heroin use had positive urine immunoassay testing for fentanyl or its analogues.MethodsUrine samples from consenting patients were tested at the bedside for the presence of opiates or fentanyl and its analogues.ResultsOver a 30‐month period, 58 patients were recruited. All samples tested positive for opiates, but none tested positive for fentanyl or its analogues.ConclusionIn patients presenting to our toxicology unit in Brisbane, we did not find any cases where the urine of patients self‐reporting heroin exposure tested positive for fentanyl or its analogues.
Differences in metabolism among Saccharomyces species and their hybrids during wine fermentation
Authors: Contreras‐Ruiz Alba , Minebois Romain , Alonso‐del‐Real Javier , Barrio Eladio , Querol Amparo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate how parental genomes contribute to yeast hybrid metabolism using a metabolomic approach. Previous studies have explored central carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Saccharomyces species during wine fermentation, but this study analyses the metabolomes of Saccharomyces hybrids for the first time. We evaluated the oenological performance and intra‐ and extracellular metabolomes, and we compared the strains according to nutrient consumption and production of the main fermentative by‐products. Surprisingly, no common pattern was observed for hybrid genome influence; each strain behaved differently during wine fermentation. However, this study suggests that the genome of the S. cerevisiae species may play a more relevant role in fermentative metabolism. Variations in biomass/nitrogen ratios were also noted, potentially linked to S. kudriavzevii and S. uvarum genome contributions. These results open up possibilities for further research using different “omics” approaches to comprehend better metabolic regulation in hybrid strains with genomes from different species.
Antibiotic influx and efflux in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Regulation and therapeutic implications
Authors: Wu Weiyan , Huang Jiahui , Xu Zeling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is a notorious multidrug‐resistant pathogen that poses a serious and growing threat to the worldwide public health. The expression of resistance determinants is exquisitely modulated by the abundant regulatory proteins and the intricate signal sensing and transduction systems in this pathogen. Downregulation of antibiotic influx porin proteins and upregulation of antibiotic efflux pump systems owing to mutational changes in their regulators or the presence of distinct inducing molecular signals represent two of the most efficient mechanisms that restrict intracellular antibiotic accumulation and enable P. aeruginosa to resist multiple antibiotics. Treatment of P. aeruginosa infections is extremely challenging due to the highly inducible mechanism of antibiotic resistance. This review comprehensively summarizes the regulatory networks of the major porin proteins (OprD and OprH) and efflux pumps (MexAB‐OprM, MexCD‐OprJ, MexEF‐OprN, and MexXY) that play critical roles in antibiotic influx and efflux in P. aeruginosa. It also discusses promising therapeutic approaches using safe and efficient adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of conventional antibiotics to combat multidrug‐resistant P. aeruginosa by controlling the expression levels of porins and efflux pumps. This review not only highlights the complexity of the regulatory network that induces antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa but also provides important therapeutic implications in targeting the inducible mechanism of resistance.
Adaptive sampling by citizen scientists improves species distribution model performance: A simulation study
Authors: Mondain‐Monval Thomas , Pocock Michael , Rolph Simon , August Tom , Wright Emma , Jarvis Susan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Volunteer recorders generate large amounts of biodiversity data through citizen science which is used in conservation planning and policy decision‐making. Unstructured sampling, where the volunteer can record what they want, where they want, leads to spatial unevenness in these data. While there are many statistical techniques to account for the resulting biases, it may be possible to improve datasets by directing a subset of recorders to sample in the most informative locations, known as adaptive sampling. We investigated the potential for adaptive sampling to improve the performance of species distribution models built on citizen science data using simulated ecological communities.

We simulated ecological assemblages across Great Britain based on current butterfly data and modelled the distributions of each species. We then simulated the sampling of new data based on five adaptive sampling methods (one empirical method based simply on gap‐filling, and four model‐based methods using various measures from the model outputs) and one non‐adaptive method (a method in which recording continued in the current pattern), and re‐ran the species distribution models. In these, we also varied the rate of recording effort that was distributed according to adaptive sampling. The model predictions using the original and adaptively sampled data were compared to true species distributions to evaluate the performance of each method.

We found that all adaptive sampling approaches improved model performance, with greatest improvement for model‐based approaches compared to the empirical sampling method (i.e. simple gap‐filling). All four model‐based adaptive sampling approaches provided similar benefits for model outputs. Improvements in model performance were greatest when the amount of adaptive sampling changed from no uptake to 1% uptake, indicating that only a small amount of change in recorder behaviour is needed to improve model performance.

Directing volunteer recorders to places where records are most needed, based on information from model outputs, can improve species distribution models built on citizen science data, even with minimal uptake of suggested locations. Our results therefore suggest that adaptive sampling by recorders could be beneficial for real‐world citizen science datasets.
Potential organ donors during two years at the second largest hospital in Norway
Authors: Holmaas Gunhild , Hilton Edle , Foss Stein , Wathle Gaute K. , Kvåle Reidar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundWestern Norway has the lowest number of actual deceased organ donors per million inhabitants in Norway. We wished to find the total number of potential donors and donor organs during 2 years at Haukeland University Hospital, the largest hospital in the region, and evaluate where and why potential donors were lost.MethodsWe evaluated all patients who died at Haukeland University Hospital in 2018–19. We checked if intensive care patients, filling the criteria as organ donors after brain death, became donors, and the reasons why potential donors were lost. We also estimated the number of potential donors after circulatory death. We checked if patients transferred from the intensive care units and patients never admitted to intensive care were potential donors. Location, gender, age, and possible number of organs were registered.ResultsOf 1453 in‐hospital deaths, 20 brain‐dead patients became actual donors. One brain‐dead and two other potential donors, one of them discharged to a bed ward, were not evaluated at the intensive care units. Relatives refused in five patients. Three fulfilled the Norwegian criteria from 2021 as organ donors after circulatory death. Ten potential donors after brain death were never admitted to intensive care and died on neurological or neurosurgical wards. If all potential organ donors were realised, the number of donors would double. The number of transplanted organs would increase less, as organs used per donor would drop from 3.50 to 2.90.ConclusionOur study cannot explain the low number of donors in our region compared with the rest of Norway. If all potential donations were implemented, the number of actual donors would double. Patients dying outside the intensive care units represent the largest potential source for extra donors, maximally increasing the number of donors by 42%, high‐quality livers 44% and kidneys 18%. Introducing organ donation after circulatory death may increase the number of donors by 15% and the number of high‐quality livers and kidneys by 12%.
The impact of high‐salt diet on asthma in humans and mice: Effect on specific T‐cell signatures and microbiome
Authors: Musiol Stephanie , Harris Carla P. , Gschwendtner Silvia , Burrell Amy , Amar Yacine , Schnautz Benjamin , Renisch Dennis , Braun Sonja C. , Haak Stefan , Schloter Michael , Schmidt‐Weber Carsten B. , Zielinski Christina E. , Alessandrini Francesca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe rise in asthma has been linked to different environmental and lifestyle factors including dietary habits. Whether dietary salt contributes to asthma incidence, remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the impact of higher salt intake on asthma incidence in humans and to evaluate underlying mechanisms using mouse models.MethodsEpidemiological research was conducted using the UK Biobank Resource. Data were obtained from 42,976 participants with a history of allergies. 24‐h sodium excretion was estimated from spot urine, and its association with asthma incidence was assessed by Cox regression, adjusting for relevant covariates. For mechanistic studies, a mouse model of mite‐induced allergic airway inflammation (AAI) fed with high‐salt diet (HSD) or normal‐salt chow was used to characterize disease development. The microbiome of lung and feces (as proxy for gut) was analyzed via 16S rRNA gene based metabarcoding approach.ResultsIn humans, urinary sodium excretion was directly associated with asthma incidence among females but not among males. HSD‐fed female mice displayed an aggravated AAI characterized by increased levels of total IgE, a TH2‐TH17‐biased inflammatory cell infiltration accompanied by upregulation of osmosensitive stress genes. HSD induced distinct changes in serum short chain fatty acids and in both gut and lung microbiome, with a lower Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio and decreased Lactobacillus relative abundance in the gut, and enriched members of Gammaproteobacteria in the lung.ConclusionsHigh dietary salt consumption correlates with asthma incidence in female adults with a history of allergies. Female mice revealed HSD‐induced T‐cell lung profiles accompanied by alterations of gut and lung microbiome.
Association between multimorbidity and postoperative mortality in patients undergoing major surgery: a prospective study in 29 countries across Europe
Authors:   STARSurg Collaborative,   EuroSurg Collaborative
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackgroundMultimorbidity poses a global challenge to healthcare delivery. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of multimorbidity, common disease combinations and outcomes in a contemporary cohort of patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.MethodsThis was a pre‐planned analysis of a prospective, multicentre, international study investigating cardiovascular complications after major abdominal surgery conducted in 446 hospitals in 29 countries across Europe. The primary outcome was 30‐day postoperative mortality. The secondary outcome measure was the incidence of complications within 30 days of surgery.ResultsOf 24,227 patients, 7006 (28.9%) had one long‐term condition and 10,486 (43.9%) had multimorbidity (two or more long‐term health conditions). The most common conditions were primary cancer (39.6%); hypertension (37.9%); chronic kidney disease (17.4%); and diabetes (15.4%). Patients with multimorbidity had a higher incidence of frailty compared with patients ≤ 1 long‐term health condition. Mortality was higher in patients with one long‐term health condition (adjusted odds ratio 1.93 (95%CI 1.16–3.23)) and multimorbidity (adjusted odds ratio 2.22 (95%CI 1.35–3.64)). Frailty and ASA physical status 3–5 mediated an estimated 31.7% of the 30‐day mortality in patients with one long‐term health condition (adjusted odds ratio 1.30 (95%CI 1.12–1.51)) and an estimated 36.9% of the 30‐day mortality in patients with multimorbidity (adjusted odds ratio 1.61 (95%CI 1.36–1.91)). There was no improvement in 30‐day mortality in patients with multimorbidity who received pre‐operative medical assessment.ConclusionsMultimorbidity is common and outcomes are poor among surgical patients across Europe. Addressing multimorbidity in elective and emergency patients requires innovative strategies to account for frailty and disease control. The development of such strategies, that integrate care targeting whole surgical pathways to strengthen current systems, is urgently needed for multimorbid patients. Interventional trials are warranted to determine the effectiveness of targeted management for surgical patients with multimorbidity.
Effect of residual methane emission on physiological characteristics and carcass performance in Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Kim Minji , Masaki Tatsunori , Oikawa Kohei , Ashihara Akane , Ikuta Kentaro , Iwamoto Eiji , Lee Huseong , Haga Satoshi , Uemoto Yoshinobu , Roh Sanggun , Terada Fuminori , Nonaka Itoko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the physiological characteristics and carcass performance associated with residual methane emissions (RME), and the effects of bull differences on CH4‐related traits in Japanese Black cattle. Enteric methane (CH4) emissions from 156 Japanese Black cattle (111 heifers and 45 steers) were measured during early fattening using the sniffer method. Various physiological parameters were investigated to clarify the physiological traits between the high, middle, and low RME groups. CH4‐related traits were examined to determine whether bull differences affected progeny CH4 emissions. Ruminal butyrate and NH3 concentrations were significantly higher in the high‐RME group than in the low‐RME group, whereas the propionate content was significantly higher in the low‐RME group. Blood urea nitrogen, β‐hydroxybutyric acid, and insulin concentrations were significantly higher, and blood amino acids were lower in the high‐RME group than in the other groups. No significant differences were observed in the carcass traits and beef fat composition between RME groups. CH4‐related traits were significantly different among bull herds. Our results show that CH4‐related traits are heritable, wherein bull differences affect progeny CH4 production capability, and that the above‐mentioned rumen fermentations and blood metabolites could be used to evaluate enteric methanogenesis in Japanese Black cattle.
Prognostic factors of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: A nationwide survey in Japan
Authors: Honda Akira , Masuda Yasutaka , Oyama Yu , Matsuda Kensuke , Mizuno Hideaki , Saito Akiko M. , Katayama Yoshio , Komatsu Norio , Toyama Kazuhiro , Kurokawa Mineo 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIdiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (iHES) is a condition wherein persistent hypereosinophilia associated with end‐organ damage occurs without any known causes. Due to the rarity of the disease, insufficient knowledge has been accumulated. We therefore conducted a retrospective, multicentre, nationwide survey on iHES in Japan. A total of 57 patients were identified. For 43 patients who received any treatment, all cases were first treated with corticosteroids. An eosinophil percentage of less than 30% in the bone marrow and the absence of oedema were identified as factors associated with steroid dependency. The 5‐year overall survival was 88.2%, and five patients died during follow‐up; factors associated with worse overall survival were age >50, haemoglobin <12 g/dL, activated partial thromboplastin time >34 s, the presence of dyspnoea, the presence of thrombotic tendency and the presence of renal failure. Given the rarity of fatalities in our cohort, time‐to‐next‐treatment (TTNT) was further analysed; the presence of renal failure, splenomegaly and lung abnormalities were associated with worse TTNT. Our nationwide study not only demonstrated clinical characteristics and the outcome of patients with iHES but also for the first time revealed clinical factors associated with steroid dependency and duration of first‐line corticosteroid efficacy.
Histologic transformation of non‐small‐cell lung cancer in response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Current knowledge of genetic changes and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Shiba‐Ishii Aya , Takemura Noriko , Kawai Hitomi , Matsubara Daisuke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and includes two major types: non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC), accounting for 85% and 15% of cases, respectively. Non‐small‐cell lung cancer harboring actionable driver mutations is generally treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) molecularly targeting individual oncogenes. Although TKIs have greatly contributed to better clinical outcomes, acquired resistance to them inevitably occurs. Histologic or lineage transformation is a rare but well‐documented off‐target mechanism associated with acquired resistance, and has been identified in settings following treatment with multiple different TKIs and other drugs. It includes neuroendocrine transformation, squamous cell transformation, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. Here, we review the clinicopathologic features of transformed tumors and current understanding of the key genetic alterations and biologic mechanism of lineage transformation in NSCLC, particularly TKI‐triggered transformation.
Fertility and pregnancy outcomes in women with Turner syndrome: A single centre experience
Authors: Burt Elizabeth , Davies Melanie C. , Yasmin Ephia , Cameron‐Pimblett Antoinette , Talaulikar Vikram , La Rosa Clementina , Clarke Sophie A. , Conway Gerard S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveMany women with Turner syndrome (TS) will consider fertility options and pregnancy. We wished to examine the fertility and pregnancy outcomes in women with TS undergoing oocyte donation (OD) treatment or spontaneous pregnancy in a large single‐centre cohort. General population reference data or data from those with idiopathic premature ovarian insufficiency were used as comparators.DesignA retrospective single‐centre cross‐sectional study.Patients and MeasurementsSeventy‐four women with TS underwent OD treatment with a total of 105 pregnancies, and 31 women with TS had 71 spontaneous conceptions. Fertility outcomes included clinical pregnancy and live birth rate. Pregnancy outcomes included miscarriage rate, prevalence of hypertension, gestational diabetes, lower segment caesarean section (LSCS), small for gestational age (SGA), prematurity and vertical transmission of TS.ResultsIn those with TS, OD pregnancies were associated with increased rates of LSCS and SGA compared to spontaneous pregnancies; LSCS (OR: 4.19, 95% CI: 1.6−10.8, p = .003) and SGA (OR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.02−8.38, p = .04). There were no recorded cardiac events but 5 (17.2%) cases of vertical transmissions of TS in daughters were identified. OD in those with TS was associated with a lower live birth rate per cycle started (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34−0.84, p = .008) and a higher rate of miscarriage compared to women with POI (40% vs. 26.2%, p = .04).ConclusionsWe show that pregnancy in women with TS, whether OD or spontaneously conceived, carries obstetric risks, and therefore, women with TS, considering pregnancy, should receive comprehensive pre‐pregnancy counselling and optimal obstetric care.
Novel biallelic PISD missense variants cause spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with disproportionate short stature and fragmented mitochondrial morphology
Authors: Aagaard Nolting Line , Holling Tess , Nishimura Gen , Ek Jakob , Bak Mads , Ljungberg Merete , Kutsche Kerstin , Hove Hanne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiallelic variants in PISD cause a phenotypic spectrum ranging from short stature with spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) to a multisystem disorder affecting eyes, ears, bones, and brain. PISD encodes the mitochondrial‐localized enzyme phosphatidylserine decarboxylase. The PISD precursor is self‐cleaved to generate a heteromeric mature enzyme that converts phosphatidylserine to the phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine. We describe a 17‐year‐old male patient, born to unrelated healthy parents, with disproportionate short stature and SEMD, featuring platyspondyly, prominent epiphyses, and metaphyseal dysplasia. Trio genome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous PISD variants c.569C>T; p.(Ser190Leu) and c.799C>T; p.(His267Tyr) in the patient. Investigation of fibroblasts showed similar levels of the PISD precursor protein in both patient and control cells. However, patient cells had a significantly higher proportion of fragmented mitochondria compared to control cells cultured under basal condition and after treatment with 2‐deoxyglucose that represses glycolysis and stimulates respiration. Structural data from the PISD orthologue in Escherichia coli suggest that the amino acid substitutions Ser190Leu and His267Tyr likely impair PISD's autoprocessing activity and/or phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis. Based on the data, we propose that the novel PISD p.(Ser190Leu) and p.(His267Tyr) variants likely act as hypomorphs and underlie the pure skeletal phenotype in the patient.