bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An attention mechanism module with spatial perception and channel information interaction
Authors: Wang Yifan , Wang Wu , Li Yang , Jia Yaodong , Xu Yu , Ling Yu , Ma Jiaqi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the field of deep learning, the attention mechanism, as a technology that mimics human perception and attention processes, has made remarkable achievements. The current methods combine a channel attention mechanism and a spatial attention mechanism in a parallel or cascaded manner to enhance the model representational competence, but they do not fully consider the interaction between spatial and channel information. This paper proposes a method in which a space embedded channel module and a channel embedded space module are cascaded to enhance the model’s representational competence. First, in the space embedded channel module, to enhance the representational competence of the region of interest in different spatial dimensions, the input tensor is split into horizontal and vertical branches according to spatial dimensions to alleviate the loss of position information when performing 2D pooling. To smoothly process the features and highlight the local features, four branches are obtained through global maximum and average pooling, and the features are aggregated by different pooling methods to obtain two feature tensors with different pooling methods. To enable the output horizontal and vertical feature tensors to focus on different pooling features simultaneously, the two feature tensors are segmented and dimensionally transposed according to spatial dimensions, and the features are later aggregated along the spatial direction. Then, in the channel embedded space module, for the problem of no cross-channel connection between groups in grouped convolution and for which the parameters are large, this paper uses adaptive grouped banded matrices. Based on the banded matrices utilizing the mapping relationship that exists between the number of channels and the size of the convolution kernels, the convolution kernel size is adaptively computed to achieve adaptive cross-channel interaction, enhancing the correlation between the channel dimensions while ensuring that the spatial dimensions remain unchanged. Finally, the output horizontal and vertical weights are used as attention weights. In the experiment, the attention mechanism module proposed in this paper is embedded into the MobileNetV2 and ResNet networks at different depths, and extensive experiments are conducted on the CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and STL-10 datasets. The results show that the method in this paper captures and utilizes the features of the input data more effectively than the other methods, significantly improving the classification accuracy. Despite the introduction of an additional computational burden (0.5 M), however, the overall performance of the model still achieves the best results when the computational overhead is comprehensively considered.
Quick Fix Solutions-Anticorruption as Core/Peripheral Modality of the ‘Rule of Law’
Authors: Iancu Bogdan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnticorruption has become the fulcrum of conditionalities for unstable democracies. In the EU, antigraft packages formed the common denominator of stabilization policies for Romania, Bulgaria, the Western Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine. Union conditionalities trailed broader international trends and campaigns. The shift led to a crescendo of institutional innovations. Discursively, it generated a degree of conceptual overlap: anticorruption, for peripheral stabilization purposes, equates with the rule of law. I argue that the exclusive stress on anticorruption as a panacea for the (semi)periphery is fraught with perplexities. Paradoxically, in systems that can be reliably described as corrupt, the policy has a propensity to be derailed from its ostensible purposes. This danger results partly from categorial tensions between RoL normativity, on the one hand, and, on the other, the ethical purism and policy quantification inextricably linked with anticorruption. In the context of peripheral crusades, tendencies towards legal instrumentalism and populist emotionalism are exponentially higher than in stable jurisdictions. Consequently, unidirectional attempts to stabilize such systems by way of repressive anticorruption backfire. Likelier results are instability or forms of stability that might not correspond to central, received understandings of how a rule of law liberal-democratic system should operate. By the same token, in the integrated transnational constitutional system located at the intersection of EU and Council of Europe guarantees, “reverse conformities” tend to upset core tenets and representations of the rule of law. The paper argues that anticorruption policies, albeit eminently useful, should be fettered by rule of law constraints, not equated with the notion of the rule of law.
Industrial Ecotechnological Assessment of Lime as a Sustainable Substitute for Desulfurization of Cast Iron
Authors: Adhiwiguna I. , Vellayadevan K. , Tekneci Y. , Walz M. , Algermissen D. , Deike R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study comprehensively assesses the ecotechnological consideration and perspective of implementing a lime-based desulfurization process in the cast iron industry to replace the utilization of magnesium partially. By adopting an injection process to introduce the lime powder into molten cast iron, this research elucidated that the new alternative concept can successfully be integrated with daily operations without any disparities in cast iron quality, as proved by the production of cast iron products with vermicular graphite. A mixture of lime powder and carbon was utilized, and it was substantiated that the aim of a sulfur content lower than 0.015% can be reliably achieved. Furthermore, an ecological analysis was also conducted to justify the possible environmental advantages. The results indicated that considering the cradle-to-gate approach, the maximum amount of CO2eq connected to the lime-based desulfurization is approximately 43 g for 1 kg of desulfurized cast iron. This amount of calculated emission is still expected to be lower than the minimum calculated emission associated with the magnesium-based process, which can reach an amount of 76 g for a similar functional unit.
Graphical Abstract
On the Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Wrought and AM 17-4 Precipitation-Hardenable Stainless Steels Under Rapid Heating
Authors: Mates S. P. , Habib S. , Zuback J. , Zhang F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDynamic large-strain plasticity problems in metals can produce temperatures high enough to alter the microstructure, but the limited time-at-temperature prevents complete transformation, thereby making the material strength time-dependent. Precipitation reactions (age-hardening) are an important class of transformations that can create time-dependent dynamic plasticity under rapid heating and loading. This work explores the dynamic behavior of a precipitation-hardenable stainless steel (17-4) produced by wrought and Additive Manufacturing (AM) methods with a rapidly-heated Kolsky bar technique. Wrought 17-4, a martensitic stainless steel, is examined in three common heat treatments (solution-treated, peak-aged and over-aged) at temperatures up to 1000 °C and heating times limited to about three seconds. Solution-treated wrought 17-4 is observed to thermally-harden at aging temperatures (> 400 °C) due to rapid precipitate growth. Peak-aged precipitation strengthening becomes ineffective above 550 °C, as peak-aged material becomes indistinguishable from the solution treated-condition. Over-aged wrought 17-4 does not behave like either of the other conditions, owing to the effect of the extended heat treatment on the precipitates and on the martensite matrix. Stress-relieved AM 17-4 exhibits high dynamic strength and strain hardening at room-temperature due to its meta-stable austenite content and partial age-hardening during the build or stress-relief treatment. A plasticity model is developed for solution-treated wrought 17-4 that captures time-dependent aging effects that are derived from separate aging kinetics experiments. A separate model is developed for over-aged wrought 17-4 that contains no time-dependence as the precipitate population in this material appears to be more stable under rapid heating.
An Assessment of South African Chromite Sand Crushing Ratio
Authors: Kabasele Jonathan Kabadjundi , Nyembwe Kasongo Didier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMechanical reclamation is the de facto method of sand recycling in most foundries used to limit sand dumping and adhere to environmental regulations. The latter metal casting imperatives align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals of Responsible Production (Goal 12 - Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.). The crushing ratio, which essentially assesses the propensity of the sand to produce fine particles during moulding operations, is a critical property to predict the effectiveness of the mechanical reclamation process. This study assesses the crushing ratio of South African chromite sand. Five samples from the top worldwide producers were evaluated and compared. Rod milling was used to simulate mechanical reclamation. After testing, it was found that this crushing ratio varies between 1.68 and 1.93 after 9 minutes. Good statistical linear correlations were established between the crushing ratio of samples with Cr/Fe ratio, chromite content, and grain size. The investigation contributes to additional knowledge of chromite sand for foundry applications.
Longitudinal Job Crafting Research: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Silapurem Likitha , Slemp Gavin R. , Jarden Aaron 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study updates and extends upon previous meta-analyses by examining the key antecedents and outcomes within the longitudinal job crafting literature. Using a robust statistical approach that disattenuates correlations for measurement error, we further extend past work by exploring the moderating effect of time on the relationship between job crafting and its key correlates. A systematic literature search gathered all current longitudinal research on job crafting, resulting in k = 66 unique samples in the current analysis. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted for overall job crafting and also for each individual facet of job crafting dimensions. Results showed that both overall job crafting and the individual facets of job crafting had moderate to strong, positive correlations with all variables included in this analysis, except for burnout and neuroticism which were negatively associated. A similar pattern of findings was largely present for all individual facets of job crafting. The exception to this was decreasing hindering demands crafting that had weak, negative associations with all correlates examined, except for burnout where a moderate, positive association was found. Findings from the moderation analysis for work engagement, job performance, and job satisfaction showed that although there was a clear downward trend of correlational effect sizes over time, they did not reach significance. The current study contributes to the job crafting literature by advancing previous meta-analyses, demonstrating the effect that job crafting has on positive work outcomes for both the employee and organisation over time. We conclude by exploring the implications for future research and practice.
Unwelcome Migrant Churches—A Case Study of the Portrayal of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God in German-Speaking Online Press
Authors: van der Hoek Stefan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the portrayal of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God in German-speaking online press. Utilizing qualitative content analysis, this inquiry examines German-speaking media articles published from 1990 to 2021. Using the systematic methodology developed by Kuckartz and Rädiker, media contents are deconstructed into individual codes and categorized into thematic complexes. This approach provides an understanding of how the UCKG is portrayed in German-speaking online press and therefore may affect Brazilian migrants who are affiliated with the UCKG. The findings of this survey reveal a multifaceted picture of the UCKG and its representation in the German-speaking online press. Dominant themes include the church’s rapid global expansion, the centralization of the leader, and various criminal allegations, predominantly financial crimes and corruption. The study uncovers a consistent pattern of critical and often one-sided media portrayal, contrasting with academic perspectives highlighting the church’s adaptation and diversity in its European context. Additionally, the research illuminates how these media narratives potentially influence public perception and policy decisions regarding the UCKG in Germany. The implications of this study are significant for professionals in the field of migration and religion to gain insights into the complexities of working with religious communities, particularly those facing media scrutiny and public misperceptions.
Elucidating the Degradation Pathways of Human Insulin in the Solid State
Authors: Fagan Andrew , Bateman Lorraine M. , O’Shea Joseph P. , Crean Abina M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile there have been significant advances in the development of peptide oral dosage forms in recent years, highlighted by the clinical and commercial success of approved peptides such as Rybelsus®, there remain several barriers in the way of broad range applicability of this approach to peptide delivery. One such barrier includes the poor physical and chemical stability inherent to their structures, which persists in the solid state although degradation typically occurs at different rates and via different pathways in comparison to the solution state. Using insulin as a model peptide, this work sought to contribute to the development of analytical techniques for investigating common insulin degradation pathways. Chemically denatured, deamidated and aggregated samples were prepared and used to benchmark circular dichroism spectroscopy, reverse phase HPLC and size exclusion chromatography methods for the investigation of unfolding, chemical modifications and covalent aggregation of the insulin molecule respectively. Solid state degraded samples were prepared by heating insulin powder at 60 °C and 75% relative humidity for 1, 3, 5 and 7 d, and the degradation profiles of the samples were evaluated and compared with those observed in solution. While no unfolding was observed to occur, significant deamidation and covalent aggregation were detected. Reductive disulfide bond cleavage using dithiothreitol allowed for separation of the insulin A- and B-chains, offering a facile yet novel means of assessing the mechanisms of deamidation and covalent aggregation occurring in the solid state.
Invasive meningococcal disease in older adults: current perspectives and call for action
Authors: Weil-Olivier Catherine , Taha Muhamed-Kheir , Leng Sean , Dinleyici Ener Cagri , Bonanni Paolo , Moya Elena , Leischker Andreas , Yezli Saber 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a devastating condition. While most attention is directed towards disease in children and adolescents, IMD poses an important cause of morbidity and mortality in adults ≥60 years. While immunization is a critical component of healthy ageing strategies, meningococcal immunization is not routinely offered to older adults. The aim of this review was to summarize clinical and epidemiological aspects of IMD and available immunization strategies, with a particular focus on disease in older individuals, to emphasize the importance of this rather neglected area.

Methods
An expert working group was established to evaluate clinical and epidemiological data to raise awareness of IMD in older individuals, and develop suggestions to improve the existing burden.

Results
Routine child and adolescent meningococcal immunization has substantially reduced IMD in these targeted populations. Consequently, prevalence and proportion of IMD among those ≥60 years, mostly unvaccinated, is increasing in developed countries (accounting for up to 25% of cases). IMD-related mortality is highest in this age-group, with substantial sequelae in survivors. IMD due to serogroups W and Y is more prevalent among older adults, often with atypical clinical features (pneumonia, gastrointestinal presentations) which may delay timely treatment.

Conclusions
IMD in older adults remains overlooked and greater awareness is required at clinical and societal levels. We encourage clinicians and immunization policy makers to reconsider IMD, with a call for action to remedy existing inequity in older adult access to protective meningococcal immunization.
Experiments with a set of cooperative enrichment devices used by groups of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins
Authors: Matrai Eszter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDolphins in the wild cooperate to find food, gain and maintain access to mating partners, look after their young ones, or for the sheer joy of play. Under human care, environmental enrichments provide mental and physical stimulation and opportunities for the dolphins to practice their natural abilities. In this review, I focus on a set of enrichment devices we designed for cooperative problem-solving. They allowed the dolphins to utilize and improve their cognitive skills, leading to improved socialization within the group. While the devices provided appropriate challenges to the dolphins, they also allowed the investigation of the impact of demographic and social factors on the cooperative actions. We found that age and relatedness had no impact on cooperation; in turn, cooperation increased with group size. In addition, during the use of these cognitive enrichments, partner preference and intersexual differences were revealed in cooperative actions. The novel multi-partner devices were not only used by dolphin pairs but also by dolphin trios and quartets, providing evidence for group-level cooperation. In addition, a novel food-sharing device was used prosocially by dolphin pairs. Finally, the introduction of these cognitive enrichments leads to measurable short- and long-term welfare improvement. Thus, the use of these cognitive enrichments paired with systematic data collection bridged science with welfare. Future studies will investigate intersexual differences in independent groups, the emergence and function of cooperative interactions, and the socio-dynamics using cognitive enrichments.
A global scale comparison of risk aggregation in AI assessment frameworks
Authors: Schmitz Anna , Mock Michael , Görge Rebekka , Cremers Armin B. , Poretschkin Maximilian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAI applications bear inherent risks in various risk dimensions, such as insufficient reliability, robustness, fairness or data protection. It is well-known that trade-offs between these dimensions can arise, for example, a highly accurate AI application may reflect unfairness and bias of the real-world data, or may provide hard-to-explain outcomes because of its internal complexity. AI risk assessment frameworks aim to provide systematic approaches to risk assessment in various dimensions. The overall trustworthiness assessment is then generated by some form of risk aggregation among the risk dimensions. This paper provides a systematic overview on risk aggregation schemes used in existing AI risk assessment frameworks, focusing on the question how potential trade-offs among the risk dimensions are incorporated. To this end, we examine how the general risk notion, the application context, the extent of risk quantification, and specific instructions for evaluation may influence overall risk aggregation. We discuss our findings in the current frameworks in terms of whether they provide meaningful and practicable guidance. Lastly, we derive recommendations for the further operationalization of risk aggregation both from horizontal and vertical perspectives.
Incorporating a Hands-On Device-Based Activity in a Human Factors Biomedical Engineering Course in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Vweza Alick O , Mehta Sara , Wettergreen Matthew , Saterbak Ann 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA challenge in building the biomedical engineering human factors course at Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences was integrating meaningful direct experiences with medical products. The instructor also noticed a significant gap between the topics in the course and their surrounding clinical context, a low-income setting. Recognizing that devices should be designed and evaluated in the context of the local users’ needs and situations, new hands-on modules were created and implemented in this BME human factors course. Students were asked to critically evaluate and make recommendations to improve the human factors aspects of the software and hardware of the IMPALA, a vital signs monitoring device developed for use in Malawi. Engaging with this medical device, students observed and understood many issues discussed in human factors, including the design of ports, controls, and other user interfaces. The collaboration between the course and the IMPALA project harnessed the local expertise of students to improve the design of a new patient monitoring system. Thus, the IMPALA project itself benefited from this collaboration. Second, students greatly benefited from applying the class concepts to the IMPALA. Students were engaged far more during the interactive components than during the lecture components. Many students successfully translated their knowledge on human factors to their final-year design project.
Transforming healthcare delivery: next-generation medication management in smart hospitals through IoMT and ML
Authors: Rawas Soha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe management of medications is a crucial component of healthcare, and pharmaceutical errors can have detrimental effects on patients, healthcare professionals, and healthcare systems. By utilizing patient-specific data and cutting-edge technology like the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and machine learning, customized drug management systems have the potential to increase patient safety and healthcare effectiveness. In this study, we reviewed a large body of literature on the subject of medication management in healthcare and the potential advantages of personalized medication management. We then assessed how IoMT and machine learning might be used to enhance medication management in smart hospitals. Then, we created a framework for assessing how personalized medication management utilizing IoMT and machine learning affects patient safety and healthcare effectiveness. Our study's findings demonstrate that in smart hospitals, tailored medication management with IoMT and machine learning can drastically lower medication errors while also enhancing patient safety and healthcare effectiveness. Our findings have important ramifications for the future of medication administration in smart hospitals, and we advise healthcare professionals and policymakers to give priority to integrating cutting-edge technology like IoMT and machine learning for customized medication management.