bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New PDC Bit Selection Method Based on 3D Realistic Cutter Damage Simulation Aimed at Maximizing Product Life-Cycle
Authors: Reboul S. , Pelfrene G. , Saleh K. , AlJarki J. , Al-Otaibi M. , AlShammari M. , AlShammari A. , Ali M. , Al-Salem M. , Aldandan A. , El-Genidy E. M. , Gamal M. , Tissot V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Increasing the life of PDC bits without compromising on bit performance is crucial in drilling operations. It allows the operator to reduce non-productive time and the bit manufacturer to increase the reliability and the repairability of its products. This paper introduces a new PDC bit selection method designed to maximize the durability of the selected bit based on simulations of 3D realistic cutter damage.
During PDC bit drilling operations, any damage caused to one cutter tends to overload others and compromise the balancing and the durability of the whole cutting structure. The impact of various kinds of bit failure and cutter damage on the performance of different cutting structures is estimated. The analysis is performed with the help of a 3D bit-rock interaction model which simulates the drilling process considering both the drill bit and the hole being drilled as 3D meshed surfaces. The simulator is based on a generic computational geometry algorithm which estimates the exact volume of rock removed by each cutter while making minimal assumptions on the geometry of the cutter. Any cutter shape, including damaged ones can be simulated based on this model. Thus, realistic dull conditions can be applied to PDC cutters to analyse how the bit performs once damaged.
A series of simulation scenarios involving different failure mechanisms like abrasive wear, broken cutters, or lost cutters, have been conducted on a series of targeted 9 ¼ in. bit designs aimed to be run in an application in South East Kuwait. Bit designs have been ranked with respect to simulated performance indicators like drillability, steerability, stability, tool face control and also to their ability to withstand mild to catastrophic failure events. Based on this analysis, the top ranked bit design has been selected, manufactured and successfully run in the field. For the first time in the area, the bit achieved two sections (9 ¼ and 6 ½) in one, showing both a high durability and a good compatibility with the directional system used along the formation sequence drilled.
While the classical bit selection process is usually limited to the comparison of different bit designs in a given drilling scenario, the present paper demonstrates how this process can be further optimized by selecting the bit which also guarantees a maximum level of performance when subjected to worst case failure scenarios. This new method should benefit both the operator and the bit manufacturer as it is designed to achieve longer intervals, reduce operating costs and increase the global bit performance.
Application of Multi-Oriented Nozzle for Clean Out Sand Fill in Highly Deviated Well had Succeed to Unlock Oil Reserve in Hpht Oil Well
Authors: Elwan M. , Mousa H. , Shahin E. , Elshiekh M. , Wahib O. , Mansour M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In highly deviated oil wells with inclination angles exceeding 50 degrees, accessing the well can be challenging, especially with solids fill. Rig-less coiled tubing offers a solution, but offshore platforms face logistical and weather challenges. Proper selection of Rig-less coiled tubing clean out BHA minimizes intervention, ensuring operational efficiency. For highly deviated wells with sand fill, a multi-oriented nozzle proves optimal, reducing cleaning time and minimizing debris settle down risk. A case study is presented, showcasing successful cleanout in a high pressure-high temperature well, achieving outstanding results, providing efficient sand fill removal while minimizing operational risks in such a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) oil well.
In offshore operating companies including Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company "GUPCO" rig-less coiled tubing considered one of the high challenges approach meanwhile still the most cheapest option to perform intervention that normal slick-Line and Electric-Line not feasible or applicable due to in-accessibility or fill down hole the tubing or casing that stop against access the lower reservoir intervals downhole while still through tubing perforation has been proved to be the cheapest stimulation method, when compared to tubing conveyed perforation type that is always accompanied with rig work-over. So using rigless coiled tubing has become a smart solution that will clean all debris and fill in the casing and get access to the proposed additional perforation reservoir and this became more challenging hence in the highly deviated reservoir that normal cleaning procedures will not guarantee the highest sweeping efficiency.
Cleaning sand and debris from large diameter, deviated, or horizontal wellbores can be challenging, especially with depleted reservoirs. If the wellbores are not cleaned out properly, it would cause issues related to well production, wellbore accessibility, and damaging of intervention tools
Integrated Reservoir Management in Managing Matured Deepwater Field in Malaysia – A Host Authority Lens
Authors: Surin N. , Kok K. , Khalid R. M , Bakar M. Abu 
Published: May 2024

The M field, situated offshore Malaysia with a water depth of approximately 1500 ft at the platform location, was discovered through the M-1 exploration well. Following the discovery, three appraisal wells were drilled under three different partnerships. The first oil commenced production years later, featuring eight oil producers and four water injectors. In the subsequent Phase 2 development, two additional oil producers and four water injectors were introduced.
The field area is medium-sized, 4-way dip closure with highly faulted structure, within a structurally complex, highly faulted setting. The depositional environment is characterized by deep-water turbidite lobes, where multiple reservoirs are separated by a Mass Transport Complex (non-reservoir). Enhanced lateral continuity and connectivity are anticipated in lobate systems compared to proximal channel-levee systems. Hydrocarbons were discovered in two main reservoirs, namely the K-2 and KR, along with some occurrences in the shallower P reservoir. The lower K-2 signifies a sand-rich distributary channel system, while the upper K-2 reflects a mud-rich, unconstrained overbank environment. The KR reservoir is primarily composed of distal lobe deposits, featuring fine-laminated sand sequences.
The M field is a toe thrust hanging wall anticline situated at the intersection of 2 regional thrust fault trends. Isochore analysis at the KR reservoir level suggested that the 2 regional thrust faults were initially extensional and were then simultaneously inverted in the beginning of the later KR reservoir to early K reservoir. Besides the 2 thrust faults, several other faulting phases have had their imprint on the M field structure such as: Gravity driven arcuate extensional faults that tip out downwards.Gravity driven linear extensional faults.Vertical parallel minor normal faults.Back thrust.
Navigating the Challenges for Brownfield Development Thru Application of Multi-Zone Single Trip Tool in Complex Well Architecture
Authors: Salleh N. , Mat S. Wan , Ghazali M. M , Wardi M. S. , Hwan R. Cheol , Bela S. Magna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Field BM is an oilfield in off the coast of Sarawak, offshore Malaysia that has been producing for more than 50 years with much infill opportunities lying around. The recent drilling campaign in July until September 2023 has unlocked new potential breakthrough in the area. With more than 200 strings in place, drilling and completing a new well in the area is a great challenge. Navigating through the complex well design, team has taken the challenge to complete the well with cheapest cost, in short, execution optimization is required while not compromising the well productivity.
Due to the nature of targeted reservoirs having weakly consolidated sand, downhole sand control is a must and the most proven method for Field BM is the internal gravel pack. Well 42 was designed with five (5) zones High-Rate Water Pack (HRWP) in 7″ casing. Utilizing the available conductor slot/surface location, it was completed as a high angle well at maximum of 85 degrees deviation to reach all the targeted reservoirs. Having to perform 5 zones HRWP treatment, team was looking for optimization to expediate the execution in effort to reduce the well cost. Hence from the original plan of conventional stack pack technique, team selected 7″ Enhanced Single-Trip Multizone system for Well 42 with estimated reduced execution timing by 50%. The multi-zone single trip system enables single trip multi-zone perforation, single trip of workstring gravel pack operation of all five (5) zones and selectively flow each zone with the screen assembly.
Post drilling reservoir section of Well 42, some changes on the reservoir targets are required where the total reservoir section has increased, and the pumping technique also change from HRWP to Fracpack. The flexibility of the multi-zone single trip system where longer intervals with various zone lengths and higher pressure rating up to 10,000 psi provides the team with alternative option to accommodate the drilling surprises. Within the short time gap between drilling and completion, team managed to deliver the well incorporating all the changes and successfully delivered the well with the production as per target.
Fracpack method is applied in some of the zones as optimization in effort to prolong the effectiveness of the sand control post drilling as no oil-water contact observed from the open hole log. Well 42 is the first in the world 7″ multi-zone single trip system with the highest number of zones in high angle well (5 zones, well maximum inclination of 85 degrees).
Transforming Knowledge Management System with AI Technology for Document Archives
Authors: Tharayil Sarafudheen M. , Alshami Reem A. , Aljaafari Shahd F. , Alnajashi Arwa A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to develop an innovative framework to enhance extracting knowledge encapsulated in scanned archived documents, the search and retrieval functionalities of Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) through exploiting artificial intelligence (AI) mechanisms. The framework leverages state-of-the-art techniques in natural language processing (NLP), and deep learning (DL) to handle the challenges of heterogeneous and unstructured data sources. The framework is a multi-staged approach. For data preparation, it employs heuristic and rule-based techniques for extracting data within scanned archive documents. After that, utilize the indexing approach to organize the extracted data. Furthermore, harness the power of the Large Language Model (LLM) to find the similarity between the user query and documents for information retrieval functionality. The proposed framework is evaluated in comparison with traditional approaches of data extraction, search, and information retrieval. This study shows that employing rule heuristics accelerates extraction time by targeting specific document parts. Additionally, our experiments demonstrate superior search speed with the IVF indexing method, and highlight the effectiveness of our innovative parallelism approach in optimizing query processing. Furthermore, consistent performance across different indexing methods on the BeIR dataset was consistent, except for a noticeable drop in accuracy for PQ index.
Strategy Development to Address the Challenges of CO2 Storage in Depleted Gas-Condensate Carbonate Reservoirs. A Case Study from the Sajaa Field, U.A.E.
Authors: Robert M. J. , Jain S. , Golaco C. , Hassan H. , Stojic S. , Shady M. , Author F. G. 
Published: May 2024

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2022) states that both emissions mitigation and negative emissions efforts and technologies are required to limit average global warming to the 1.5°C projected scenario. CO2 geological storage is a negative emissions technology that is an enabler for direct air capture with CO2 storage (DACS) and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) (IEA, 2022) and tackles emissions in hard-to-abate sectors, such as the steel and cement industries.
The International Energy Agency (IEA, 2023) estimates that sequestering 1.2 Gt of CO2 per annum by 2050 through carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) is required. Geological carbon capture and storage (CCS) will account for 95% of the sequestration (IEA, 2021), with 30 – 50% of that permanently stored in depleted oil and gas reservoirs (IPCC, 2005). The IEA (2023) states that only 45 Mt CO2 was captured in 2023.
CCS projects with geological storage have concentrated on saline aquifers, such as the Quest and Northern Light projects, and in depleted fields with sandstone reservoirs, such as the Weyburn and In Salah projects. Despite their significant global potential, the focus on carbonate reservoirs and depleted gas-condensate fields has been low, reflecting in the limited amount of published material and knowledge sharing available.
Implications and Benefits of Deep Learning (CNN) in Borehole Image Interpretation: Cost Savings and Improved Accuracy
Authors: Abdel-Baset A. A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
saving cost and increasing accuracy of the data interpretation are considered a serious challenge within the oil and gas industry. These challenges come to the surface when there are a critical discission on the drilling of new wells inside the geological units created with the normal procedures of the sedimentological studies inside any area. the main focus of this study is the application of the Convolution neural networks (CNN) techniques which outstanding performance in pattern recognition and classification to predict the borehole image facies in an efficient and accurate way inside the Qawasim Formation which was deposited during late Messinian time.

Methods, Procedures, Process
The main focus of this study is the application of the Convolution neural networks (CNN) techniques which outstanding performance in pattern recognition and classification to predict the borehole image facies in an efficient and accurate way inside the Qawasim Formation which was deposited during late Messinian time. This study presents the application of CNN workflow into five major steps including data collection, preprocessing, CNN model learning testing and evaluation. And For performance analysis. The dataset used to train and evaluate the model consists of 1350 images from three types of labeled facies (cross laminated, laminated and massive facies). The trained labeled mages will pass inside a tunnel of convolution and max pooling feature extraction filters and finally a fully connected layers neural network applied as a final stage of the classification results from the model

Results, Observations, Conclusions
The produced model demonstrates high efficiency and scalability for automatic facies classification with a reasonable accuracy reached to 82%. This model particularly useful in when quick facies prediction is necessary to support real-time decision making and for cost reduction scenarios during performing a numerous number of borehole images. The produced model is easily implementable and expandable to other clastic reservoirs in order to create a quick and accurate geological model and be implemented for the future field development plane and production enhancement from a specific zone.

Novel/Additive Information
the application of deep learning, as demonstrated in this study, will kill two birds with one stone, it increases the efficiency and accuracy Borehole image interpretations, decreasing the cost impact of the geological studies and minimize the risk by increase the accuracy of geological model for any reservoir.
A Language Model for Natural Language Interaction with Transactional Screens in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Tharayil Sarafudheen M. , Aldhalaan Badr , Dossary Basim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Transactional Systems are ERP systems that offer various services for the Oil and Gas industry, such as procurements, warehousing, plant maintenance, supply chain, finance, sales, and marketing. However, interacting with transactional systems screens can be challenging for users who are not familiar with the technical details. In this paper, we propose TransLing, a language model architecture that train, fine-tune and deploy smaller LLM models to enable natural language interaction with transactional screens in the Oil and Gas industry such as SAP Screens. TransLing can generate values for user input screens based on the user questions in natural language, translate natural language questions to possible ad-hoc reports, and find transactions from the description. TransLing outperforms the baselines in terms of accuracy and usability and simplifies the technical details and the specific terminology of transactional screens for users who are not familiar with them.
Breaking Barriers: Drilling 10,000 Ft Wells in Record Time
Authors: Qaisar Hasan , Hasnain Wajih ul , Rind Mazhar Ali , Agha Ghulam Nabi , Hasan Naveed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Outlining Operator's remarkable achievement of drilling a 10,000 ft well in just 10 days, setting a new speed record in the Lower Indus Basin. Facing challenges in an industry dominated by complex wells and uncertain market conditions, Operator strategically selected candidates, conducted rigorous risk assessments, and executed a robust plan with a focus on safety.
The exemplary performance showcased here stands as a testament to adept benchmark-setting achieved through meticulous well engineering. Operational enhancements played a pivotal role in mitigating non-productive time, seamlessly integrating strategies like simultaneous operations (SIMOPS) and effectively reducing Invisible Lost Time (ILT). The judicious application of cutting-edge technology, notably advanced cutter technology, further propelled the efficiency of drilling operations across a spectrum of formations. This multifaceted approach not only optimized performance but also underscored the commitment to continual improvement, establishing a noteworthy standard in the realm of well engineering, with a focus on achieving excellence in every facet of the process.
In surmounting challenges spanning drilling fluid technology, hydraulics, Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) designs, and aligning contractor efforts, the operator triumphantly accomplished the fastest well-drilled in the Lower Indus Basin. The noteworthy achievement translates to a substantial reduction in overall drilling time, showcasing a testament to operational efficiency. This success not only stands as a benchmark for future well endeavors but also yields invaluable insights for addressing economic challenges and strategically prioritizing early production. The optimization of drilling fluid technology and BHA designs, coupled with precise attention to hydraulic considerations, underscored a holistic approach to overcoming obstacles. This accomplishment not only solidifies the operator's prowess in the Lower Indus Basin but also sets a precedent for industry-leading practices in well-drilling endeavors.
The paper thoroughly outlines the planning and execution process, providing crucial insights, best practices, and identifying opportunities in fields where prioritizing efficient well economics and early production are paramount considerations. This comprehensive documentation serves as a valuable resource for industry professionals seeking to optimize their approach in similar operational contexts.
The First Drilling Dedicated Artificial Intelligence ChatGPT Pilot
Authors: Alfarisi O. , Singh R. , Singhal R. , M. Alzarooni R. , Fernandes S. , Ayvaz Y. , Vijayan M. , Mohamed J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Can drillers extract insights from successful and challenging cases by writing one sentence? Today, the drillers either dig, for days or weeks, the mixed-structured data of the Daily Drilling Report (DDR), the structured drilling data, or both to extract knowledge about successful cases (e.g., a record rate of penetration) and challenging cases (e.g., stuck pipe and Non-Productive Time (NPT)). The objective is to have the drilling operations insights extracted with no time from the current and historical data reports.
We propose a more efficient knowledge extraction of drilling operations in seconds or minutes by writing one sentence using the latest artificial intelligent Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer algorithm (ChatGPT). Therefore, we launched the first drilling dedicated ChatGPT pilot. ChatGPT has pretrained models; however, in this pilot, we enable ChatGPT to learn from our drilling data to provide specific answers to our challenges accurately and efficiently. The implementation method of ChatGPT requires multiple stages: (1) Data Loading/Downloading and Document Scanning, (3) Data Indexing, (4) ChatGPT Training, and (5) ChatGPT extraction of knowledge.
Our drilling data is available in structured (tabulated), unstructured, and mix-structure formats; therefore, understanding the behavior of ChatGPT in these different formats and other training indexing and cognitive capabilities are some of the pilot targeted objectives.
This novel pilot is the first in the oil industry to use ChatGPT, particularly in drilling. Its outcome determines ChatGPT's ability to ease drilling operations by providing insight and learning from historical success and challenging cases. This paper reveals the methods and tools to quickly deliver efficient and quality answers to drilling operations to the drilling engineers.
Innovative Platform Installation Approach in Replacing Jack Up Rig for Securing Wellhead Support Structure
Authors: Shaari K. Ku , Bakar A. B. Abu , Masrom N. , Nirwana I. , Author S. Teh. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The installation phase is a critical stage in a field development involving offshore platform and poses different challenges unique to each project. Among the challenges are performing the execution at a restricted workspace location in brownfield area with the tight installation tolerance, live wellhead, and weather limitation.
Due to limited installation tolerance, innovation to the platform design had been made to allow Main Support Frame (MSF) counter rotation to cater the out of tolerance risk on positioning and orientation. Additional survey equipment deployed has increased the efficiency and accuracy prior setting down the jacket at the intended position.
Existing WHSS which was held by jack up rig and its hanging condition with pre-installed conductors all the way from the WHSS to the seafloor has caused vibration to the WHSS made it difficult to secure the exact coordinate of WHSS prior jacket installation. A good weather window is essential to reduce WHSS movement due to vibration introduced by the hanging conductors. Strong underwater current of more than 1 knot has worsened the situation, adding more variables into the equation in restraining WHSS movement before any welding connecting the jacket and WHSS can be performed.
All the above challenges were successfully mitigated via the identified measures and the platform was successfully installed allowing the secured WHSS to be released from the jack up rig. Innovation to the platform design and installation methodology are essential in ensuring its completion in such environment and constraints.