bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE IMMUNOGENICITY OF BIOTYPHOID<sup>&reg;</sup> AND DLS PREPARED FOWL TYPHOID VACCINE IN LAYER CHICKENS
Authors: Ferdous J , Khan MSR , Begum F , Hassan J , Sarker B 
Published: November 2011

The experiment was conducted to investigate the immunogenicity of DLS prepared Fowl typhoid vaccine in comparison to commercially available BIO-TYPHOID® (Imported by Advance Animal Science Co. Ltd., Bangladesh) in layer chickens. To compare the immunogenicity of these two vaccines a total of 30 chickens were divided into three groups (group A, B and C) each including 10 layer chickens of Fayoumi breed. Chickens of group A and B were vaccinated with DLS prepared fowl typhoid vaccine and BIO-TYPHOID® respectively following usual schedule of vaccination (i.e. first dose at 42 days of age and second dose at 72 and 112 days for DLS prepared fowl typhoid vaccine and BIO-TYPHOID® respectively) with a dose of 0.5 ml at each occasion through SC route. Birds of group C were kept as unvaccinated control. Blood samples were collected to obtain sera from each chicken at every 7 days interval up to 105 days post vaccination for determination of antibody titre following primary and secondary vaccination using Microplate Agglutination test. Highest mean antibody titres obtained from Group A and B which were 460.80 and 409.60 respectively. Among the chickens vaccinated the highest mean antibody titre of 460.80 was obtained at 56 days post vaccination from chickens in group A vaccinated with DLS prepared Fowl typhoid vaccine. Results of this study revealed that DLS prepared fowl typhoid vaccine induced higher antibody production than BIO-TYPHOID®. DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v8i1.7394 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 01-04
HOST DETERMINANTS BASED COMPARATIVE PREVALENCE OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN LACTATING HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CROSS COWS AND RED CHITTAGONG COWS IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Rabbani AFMG , Samad MA 
Published: November 2011

A comparative prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) based on host risk factors was studied by using California Mastitis Test (CMT) in 96 Holstein-Friesian cross cows (HFCC) of Abu Baker Dairy Farm at Pansha Upazilla in Rajbari district and 20 Red Chittagong cows (RCC) of Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm (BAUDF), Mymensingh during the period from January to June 2008. Out of the 116 lactating cows examined, 51 (43.97%) showed positive reactivity to CMT. Similar prevalence rate of SCM was recorded in both the HFCC (43.75%) and RCC (45.0%). The overall prevalence of SCM on the basis of lactation stages showed that all the three lactation stages had SCM but there was a tendency to increase its prevalence rates from early (30.43%), mid (32.26%) to late (69.23%) stages. The highest prevalence of SCM was recorded at late lactation stage in both the HFCC (68.75%) and RCC (71.43%) in comparison to their respective mid and early lactation stages. The parity-wise prevalence of SCM was recorded as 18.42%, 55.0%, 66.67%, 75.0% and 75.0% in HFCC whereas, it was 20.0%, 20.0%, 66.67%, 75.0% and 66.67% in RCC at their 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th parity, respectively. This study recorded a relationship between the increased prevalence of SCM with decreased of milk production in both the groups of lactating cows. The respective prevalence of SCM at high, medium and low level of milk production in HFC (14.29%, 33.33% and 70.59%) and RCC (14.29%, 50.00% and 71.42%) were found significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with milk production. An overall 19.18% quarters was affected with SCM, of which 4.31%, 7.33% and 7.38% showed mild, moderate and severe reaction to CMT. However, comparatively, higher percentage of quarter infection was recorded in HFCC (20.31%) than RCC (13.75%). It may be concluded from these observations that both the HFCC and RCC should be monitored by using CMT for the detection of SCM in order to provide rational treatment and control it to make the dairy farming profitable. DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v8i1.7397 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 17-21
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MICROFLORA FROM APPARENTLY HEALTHY CAGED PARROTS OF DHAKA ZOO OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Akhter J , Hossain MT , Islam MT , Siddique MP , Islam MA 
Published: November 2011

The research work was conducted to isolate and identify the microflora from apparently healthy caged parrots. A total of 45 samples (oral swabs, cloacal swabs and feces) were collected from five types of caged parrots (Gray cockatiels, Rose ringed parakeet, Alexandriane parakeet, Red breast parakeet and Blossom headed parakeet) of Dhaka Zoo during the period from April to August 2009. The samples were cultured on different bacteriological media and the bacteria were identified by their cultural and biochemical properties. All the isolates were allowed for antibiogram study. The bacteria isolated in this study from different types of caged parrots were E. coli (64.44%), Salmonella spp. (46.67%), Staphylococcus spp. (46.67%), Pasteurella spp. (33.33%), Proteus spp. (6.67%) and some unidentified Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Of these isolates, E. coli was the most frequent isolate. The frequency of Gram-negative bacteria was higher in this study. The percentage of bacterial isolates recovered from each type of parrots was almost similar. Irrespective of types of parrots, the higher percentage of different bacteria was isolated from cloacal swab (77.78%) followed by feces (75.56%). The 68.89% isolates were recovered from oral swab. All the suspected isolates of Salmonella spp. were confirmed by slide agglutination test using Salmonella polyvalent ‘O’ antiserum. Among the 21 Salmonella spp. isolated in this study, 4 (19.05%) isolates were identified as S. Pullorum when tested with specific antisera against S. Pullorum. The results of antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that ampicillin and amoxicillin were completely resistant to E. coli and Pasteurella spp.; ampicillin to Proteus spp.; and furazolidone to Salmonella spp. and Pasteurella spp. However, the antibiotics of fluoroquinolone group such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin showed moderate to high sensitivity against almost all the bacterial isolates. Of these, ciprofloxacin was found to be consistently highly sensitive to all the bacterial isolates. DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v8i1.8349 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 05-10
EFFECTS OF SELENIUM AND VITAMIN B<sub>6</sub> WITH THEIR COMBINATION IN LEAD ACETATE INDUCED TOXICITIES IN LONG EVANS RATS
Authors: Ali MA , Awal MA , Mostofa M , Islam MA , Ghosh A 
Published: November 2011

The experiment was performed on 75 long Evans male rats (Rattus norvegicus), weighing about 145 -170 gm, maintained under standard laboratory condition on pellet diet and drinking water ad libitum. All the rats were randomly divided into five equal groups. Each group comprised of fifteen (15) rats and were marked as group A, B, C, D and E. Group A without treatment, group B lead acetate alone @ 20 mg/kg b.wt., group C lead acetate @ 20 mg/kg b.wt. plus sodium selenite 5 ml (from a stock solution 1.5 mg diluted in 1 litre distilled water), group D lead acetate @ 20 mg/kg b.wt. plus vitamin B6 45 mg/kg b.wt., group E lead acetate @ 20 mg/kg. b.wt. plus sodium selenite 5 ml (from a stock solution 1.5 mg diluted in 1 litre distilled water) plus vitamin B6 45 mg/kg b.wt. All treatments were given once daily for 28 consecutive days. In the present study, the effect of sodium selenite and vitamin B6 in lead induced toxicities in rats were observed. Toxic signs and body weight change, haematological parameters like Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Total Leukocyte Count (TLC), hemoglobin content (Hb%) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV), biochemical parameters such as Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase SGPT/ALT, Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT/AST) and postmortem changes in rats were investigated. Rats treated with lead acetate showed severe toxic signs and significantly (p< 0.01) reduced TEC, TLC, Hb% and PCV. Significant (p< 0.01) elevation of SGPT and SGOT were also found. But rats treated with lead acetate along with sodium selenite and vitamin B6 showed almost normal levels of haematological and biochemical parameters. Lead acetate produces congestion and necrosis in liver, spleen and kidney, whereas simultaneous use of lead acetate, sodium selenite and vitamin B6 recovered the condition. From this experiment it is revealed that combine use of sodium selenite and vitamin B6 is highly protective against lead toxicity. DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v8i1.8352 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8(1): 63-73
Une théorie des sujets du langage
Authors: Charaudeau Patrick 
Published: November 2011

L'analyse du discours occupe maintenant une place importante dans l'ensemble des courants qui constituent la linguistique moderne, mais elle en est encore à se donner un cadre théorique. Le discours se définissant dans la mouvance de l'énonciation de l'acte de langage, il semble logique de le doter d'une théorie du sujet qui lui soit propre.
Cet article propose une mise au point sur un certain nombre de concepts ; celui de discours, celui d'acte de langage, et celui de sujet. Le phénomène de "performativité" est choisi comme illustration de ces définitions.
Sociosémiotique des images
Authors: Davallon Jean 
Published: November 2011

Toute étude des images, dès l'instant où elle considère celles-ci comme des faits de signification, rencontre inévitablement la question de la spécificité de l'image. Aussi, avant même de présenter une revue des diverses approches des images pouvant être qualifiées de sociosémiotiques, ou encore de contribuer à la construction d'un modèle sociosémiotique d'analyse des images, paraît-il opportun de réfléchir sur la notion même d'image, et singulièrement sur ce problème de la "spécificité des images". L'idée développée ici est que ce problème ne saurait être traité aujourd'hui du seul point de vue de la sémiotique : la spécificité des images est non seulement un fait de langage, mais encore, de manière plus fondamentale, un phénomène social. Il est donc proposé d'inscrire l'analyse des images dans une démarche de type sociosémiotique ; l'essentiel de la réflexion portant sur les conditions de possibilité d'une telle inscription afin d'en envisager les modalités.
Une double référence est convoquée : une à la sociologie des productions culturelles, l'autre à la sémiologie (pour des raisons de simplicité d'exposé, elle a été volontairement limitée à deux exemples : P. Bourdieu et R. Barthes). La première permet de montrer comment l'image doit être redéfinie sous l'angle d'une dialectique entre un produit (formellement structuré) et des pratiques de réception et de production. Ainsi, la sociologie circonscrit un champ d'étude (autour d'un objet de connaissance) dont les outils (et en partie l'approche) relèvent de la sémiotique. Un rapide renvoi à la sémiologie illustre comment la sémiotique se trouve alors conduite à reformuler d'un tout autre point de vue la question de la spécificité des images, en prenant en compte la répartition de la fonction symbolique, à l'intérieur d'une société, en différents systèmes de signification (une économie des pratiques signifiantes).
Dans ces conditions, il devient alors possible d'articuler des domaines différents au sein de l'approche sociosémiotique (tels que ceux de la production, de la réception ou du fonctionnement des images), et surtout de distinguer des niveaux de généralité entre diverses approches ; le niveau le plus général (celui touchant à la place des images dans l'économie des pratiques signifiantes dans notre société) ouvrant l'approche sociosémiotique vers une sorte d'anthropologie culturelle de notre société.
Analyse sociolinguistique des titres d'écrits académiques et sociologie de la science
Authors: Leimdorfer François 
Published: November 2011

Sociolinguistical analysis of the titles of academical writings and the sociology of science.

It is possible to make a "sociology of science" which would not be a sociology of the actors, but a sociology of the discourses ? If we admit that the constitution of scientifical objects (we are only considering the social sciences) can be stipulated in terms of social discursive operations, a sociolinguistical approach enables one to reveal these last, as well as the viewpoints on which they depend.
In the corpus of titles of thesis which were presented about Algeria during the colonial period, we tried to underline the formal elements of the titles (nominalizations, enunciation modalities, time marks, space marks, marks of disciplines etc).
The sociological approach tries to re-build some thems and relations between these themes, and to point out the domains of disciplinary fields and the symbolizations which are specific to the academic domain in the social relationship of the colonial world.
The comparison with other corpusses of scientific writings fails to show a general form for all titles, but shows that the sociolinguistical analysis enables one to emphasize the implicit articulations between titles, texts, discursive fiels. Reconstruction of these implicits makes it possible and necessary to reexamine such sociological hypotheses as forwarded at the beginning of the analysis.
Malaises et mal à l'aise dans la langue de l'autre
Authors: Perrefort Marion 
Published: November 2011

Pour saisir l'insécurité linguistique due à l'usage d'une langue étrangère dans sa construction interactive, on analyse : des enquêtes quantitatives auprès d'étudiants germanistes sur leur représentation de l'allemand ; des discours métalinguistique d'Allemands et de Français ; des enregistrements de cours de langue en milieu rural ; des enregistrements de conversations en groupe national et binational lors de rencontres franco-allemandes et des pratiques langagières en situation de contact. Notre public a un niveau moyen en langue étrangère, acquise en milieu institutionnel, mais peu de vécu langagier en milieu naturel. La maîtrise imparfaite de la langue et les problèmes d'intercompréhension sont source d'insécurité, d'autant que l'identité du sujet est touchée. Les interactants ont à gérer la part du phantasme et la part du réel, à définir le statut de
l'insécurité dans le sens de la divergence ou du rapprochement, dans une orientation dynamique ou, au contraire, d'enfermement dans des formes figées.
Le jeune tel qu'on en parle
Authors: Boyer Henri 
Published: November 2011

Le français des jeunes fait depuis quelques années déjà l'objet d'une médiatisation assidue dans les magazines, au travers de "lexique(s)" et de "guide(s) pratique(s)" (également dans la publicité).
Ce journalisme linguistique, parfaitement ancré dans une tradition française d'observation et de contrôle de la variation/déviance sociolinguistique, tend en fait à domestiquer, à normaliser, un phénomène langagier multiforme (mais d'ampleur limitée) qui, fondamentalement, relève de la transgression.
Une énonciation en trompe-l'œil. L'annonce de la candidature Balladur par Paris-Match
Authors: Mouillaud Maurice 
Published: November 2011

Mouillaud Maurice - An enunciative trompe-l'œil.
Paris-Match announces Balladur will run.

The author studies a problem of enunciative strategy in an issue of Paris- Match published just when, during the 12995 presidential campaign in France, Mr. Balladur announced he would run. Mouillaud shows how the magazine played a double game with time, prentending it owned the exclusive rights to a first interview (which took place before Mr. Balladur declared he was running). The specific position of the weekly gives it leeway to wrap up in a timeless present the before and after of the event. An implicit contract is thus signed between the magazine and the politician, whose bonus is that his timeless candidacy goes without saying.
Prospective Association between Dieting and Smoking Initiation among Adolescents
Authors: Maldonado-Molina Mildred M. , Komro Kelli A. , Prado Guillermo 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To examine the relation between dieting and smoking initiation among adolescents. Design. Prospective data from a nationally representative study were used. Setting. Two waves (1994 to 1996) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Subjects. The sample included 7795 non-Latino Caucasian and non-Latino African-American adolescents. Measures. Dieting status was the independent variable and trying smoking and initiation of regular smoking were the dependent variables. Covariates included age, ethnicity, overweight status, false self-perception about being overweight, and availability of cigarettes at home. Analysis. Logistic regression and latent transition analyses were used. Results. Females had a higher prevalence of dieting (55%) when compared with males (25%). Dieting initiation was a significant predictor for initiation of regular smoking among females (OR = 1.94, p = .010), but not among males. Inactive dieting was a significant predictor among males (OR = 1.74, p = .031), but not among females. Compared to nondieters, initiating and consistent female dieters reported a higher probability of trans itioning to having tried regular smoking, although results from logistic regression suggested that the association between consistent dieting and initiation of regular smoking was not significant. Conclusions. There is a positive relation between initiating dieting and initiating regular smoking among females, but among males it is the inactive dieters who show a positive relationship. Results illustrate the importance of examining the association between dieting and the initiation of regular smoking.
Aptamer-based modulation of blood coagulation
Authors: Rohrbach F. , Pötzsch B. , Müller J. , Mayer G. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryNucleic acid based aptamers are singlestranded oligonucleotide ligands isolated from random libraries by an in-vitro selection procedure. Through the formation of unique three-dimensional structures, aptamers are able to selectively interact with a variety of target molecules and are therefore also promising candidates for the development of anticoagulant drugs. While thrombin represents the most prominent enzymatic target in this field, also aptamers directed against other coagulation proteins and proteases have been identified with some currently being tested in clinical trials.In this review, we summarize recent developments in the design and evaluation of aptamers for anticoagulant therapy and research.
Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Derivation, In Vitro Pluripotency Characterization, and In Vivo Teratoma Formation
Authors: Chou Yu‐Fen , Yabuuchi Akiko 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe derivation of embryonic stem (ES) cells represents one of the most important breakthroughs in mammalian developmental biology. In addition to their utility in a wide array of in vitro studies, ES cells are also one of the most useful starting materials for the generation of mutants by homologous recombination in mice (Thomson and Solter, 1988). When ES cells are injected into host blastocysts and transferred to the uterus of a pseudo‐pregnant mouse, they can contribute to different types of tissues in chimeric mice, including the germ line (Bradley et al., 1984). Hundreds of genes have been studied through genetic manipulation of ES cells to model human genetic diseases. In this unit, the ES cell lines are derived from the 129SvEv mice strain, which has a high probability of promoting germ line transmission. Procedures for validating and characterizing ES cell pluripotency are also described in detail. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 50:2.22.1‐2.22.13. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preparation of Epithelial and Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Murine Mammary Gland
Authors: Guest Ian , Ilic Zoran , Ma Jun 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe mammary gland is a complex organ consisting of multiple cell types that undergo extensive remodeling during pregnancy and involution, cyclical changes that suggest the existence of a resident stem cell population that is responsible for remarkable tissue regeneration. The basic functional unit of the mammary gland is the terminal duct lobular unit, which invades the stromal tissue (fat, connective tissue, blood vessels, etc.). Luminal epithelial cells line the ducts while outer myoepithelial cells secrete the basal lamina that separates the mammary gland parenchyma from the mesenchymal cells of the stroma. Within the epithelial cell population of the ducts resides the mammary gland stem cells and it is believed that this population is the origin of the mammary gland cancer stem cells as well. In the mouse, epithelial stem cells can be separated from mesenchymal cells on the basis of CD24, CD44, and CD49f expression. This allows for the determination of both normal and cancer stem cell potential of these two populations and permits investigation into their interaction in tumor development. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 50:22.3.1‐22.3.15. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Variation in initial kidney replacement therapy for end‐stage renal disease due to lupus nephritis in the United States
Authors: Devlin Amy , Waikar Sushrut S. , Solomon Daniel H. , Lu Bing , Shaykevich Tamara , Alarcón Graciela S. , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Costenbader Karen H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about the patterns of use of initial kidney replacement therapies among patients with lupus nephritis (LN) end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). We aimed to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with variation in initial kidney replacement therapies among LN ESRD patients.MethodsPatients with incident LN ESRD (1995–2006) were identified in the US Renal Data System. Age, sex, race, ethnicity, medical insurance, employment status, residential region, clinical factors, and comorbidities were considered as potential predictors of ESRD treatment choice, i.e., peritoneal dialysis (PD), hemodialysis (HD), or preemptive kidney transplantation in age‐adjusted and multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression analyses.ResultsOf the 11,317 individuals with incident LN ESRD, 82.0% initiated HD, 12.2% initiated PD, and 2.8% underwent preemptive kidney transplantation. Receiving initial PD was significantly associated with earlier calendar year, female sex, higher albumin and hemoglobin levels, and lower serum creatinine levels. African Americans (versus whites), Medicaid beneficiaries and those with no health insurance (versus private insurance), and those unemployed (versus employed) had significantly reduced PD initiation. Comorbidities including congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and the inability to ambulate were also associated with decreased PD. Many sociodemographic and clinical factors favoring PD were associated with preemptive kidney transplant (versus dialysis) as well.ConclusionFew patients with LN ESRD receive initial PD or preemptive kidney transplantation. Race, ethnicity, employment, and medical insurance type are strongly associated with initial kidney replacement therapy choice. Future studies need to investigate the appropriateness of sociodemographic and clinical variation and the comparative effectiveness of kidney replacement therapies for LN ESRD.