bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research, policy and funding – academic treadmills and the squeeze on intellectual spaces1
Authors: Smith Katherine 
Published: July 2010

Abstract:In recent years, there has been a great deal of collective rumination about social scientists' role in society. In the post‐1997 UK context, public policy commitments to ‘evidence‐based policy’ and ‘knowledge transfer’ have further stimulated such reflections. More recently, Michael Burawoy's 2004 address to the American Sociological Association, which called for greater engagement with ‘public sociology’ has reverberated throughout the discipline, motivating a series of debates about the purpose of sociological research. To date, most such contributions have been based on personal experience and anecdotal evidence. In contrast, this paper responds directly to Burawoy's suggestion that we should ‘apply sociology to ourselves,’ in order that we ‘become more conscious of the global forces’ driving our research (Burawoy 2005: 285). Drawing on an empirical research project designed to explore of the relationship between health inequalities research and policy in Scotland and England, in the period from 1997 until 2007, this paper discusses data from interviews with academic researchers. The findings suggest that the growing pressure to produce ‘policy relevant’ research is diminishing the capacity of academia to provide a space in which innovative and transformative ideas can be developed, and is instead promoting the construction of institutionalized and vehicular (chameleon‐like) ideas. Such a claim supports Edward Said's (1994) insistence that creative, intellectual spaces within the social sciences are increasingly being squeezed. More specifically, the paper argues we ought to pay far greater attention to how the process of seeking research funding shapes academic research and mediates the interplay between research and policy.
THE VALUE OF AIR PHOTOGRAPHS IN THE ANALYSIS OF DRAINAGE PATTERNS
Authors: Shaw S. H. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe object of this paper is to provoke discussion and not to present a finished study. It deals briefly with quantitative analysis of drainage patterns in geomorphological studies and refers to methods that have recently received some attention in the United States. It points to the value of aerial photographs in such studies and asks for discussion of two important points: firstly, whether the mathematical approach is soundly based; and, secondly, whether the analytical method is likely to give useful practical results.
AN APPLICATION OF ELECTRONICS TO PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Causley D. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractElectronic aids to photogrammetry are growing in importance. The electronic printer is a big step towards meeting the need for obtaining the best possible prints from the best negatives obtainable. In the instrument the principle of negative feed‐back is applied to govern the intensity of the light spot on a cathode ray tube so as to produce on the face of the tube a positive picture of the negative but with reduced resolution. This can be made to act like the unsharp mask which has already been shown to combine with the original negative to give prints on which more consistent and easier measurements can be made. The general principles are described and the factors governing the degree of feed‐back, size of spot, edge effects, paper characteristics and exposure control are discussed. Finally, future developments are considered.
AN AUTOMATIC RECORDING STEREOCOMPARATOR
Authors: Anstis A. H. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA prototype instrument is described which is used to determine the plane rectangular coordinates of the same points of detail on two overlapping aerial photographs. It is designed for use with photography up to a maximum format of 9 inches by 9 inches, carrying a reseau graduated in 1‐cm intervals which has been superimposed from the camera register glass at the moment of exposure. Photography not bearing a reseau can also be accommodated by inserting engraved glass reseau plates in the instrument. The coordinates are determined relative to the nearest reseau intersection by micrometers in x and y. Coded scale digitisers are fitted to determine the micrometer readings to the nearest 0–001 mm and the reseau cross identification. Point identification data and coordinates are read out on punched cards or punched tape in suitable form for solution by high‐speed computing machines. A visual display of coordinates is provided.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Eden J. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe author deals first with the negative and suggests that an instrument might be devised to assist with the choice of a suitable film and its correct exposure and development. He next discusses the printing of the negative and the conditions for optimum examination and measurement of the prints. The paper continues with some observations on plotting machines for small‐ and large‐scale work and concludes with some remarks on control extension and the need for more research into pre‐marking techniques.
DIGITAL BLOCK ADJUSTMENT
Authors: Amer Fouad 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDifferent methods of analytical block adjustment are outlined and classified. Results of some practical experiments are summarized. A simple solution for block adjustment is discussed, where strips are divided into space sections. Air‐station points are included in the solution to preserve, in the strips, their power of bridging. All sections are adjusted to the best fit with regard to each other as well as to ground control, by change of scale, rotations and shifts. To avoid the simultaneous solution of a very large number of equations in a corresponding number of unknowns, a simple iterative solution is used.
CORRECTIONS TO X‐PAR ALL AXES: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Thompson E. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe paper gives, for a large number of cases, numerical errors due to using approximate, first‐order, formulae for correcting x‐parallaxes for tilt. The figures show that the errors are considerably smaller than might be expected. It is also shown that the root mean square of the four tilts of a pair of pictures is a reliable measure from which the effect of tilt on heights can be estimated with some confidence.
SOME OBSERVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE OF AERIAL COLOUR PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Tarling L. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe colour photograph requirements of the photogrammetrist and the photo‐interpreter are not always compatible. The author puts forward suggestions for improving the quality and reducing the cost of photography for interpretation purposes, based on the use of 70 mm film cameras. He found supporting evidence for this point of view during his visit to the United States as the result of the award of a Winston Churchill Fellowship in 1969.
THE APPLICATION OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY TO THE STABILITY OF EXCAVATED ROCK SLOPES
Authors: Wickens E. H. , Barton N. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe use of phototheodolite photography and the subsequent photogrammetric measurements as the basis for slope stability analysis in open pit mines is described together with the application of stereometric photography to the measurement of roughness profiles on real and model rock samples. A single camera technique for the measurement of displacements occurring during the excavation of a model rock slope is explained.
THE MODIFICATION OF A TOPOGRAPHIC PLOTTER AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE THREE DIMENSIONAL PLOTTING OF STEREOMICROGRAPHS
Authors: Wood R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA number of proposals have been put forward for the extraction of three dimensional data from a pair of electron microscope photographs taken from different angles. The methods used have, in general, been either point by point analyses or rather inconvenient. This paper shows that an existing photogrammetric plotter of topographic accuracy can, with very simple modification, be converted to give continuous plotting facilities from certain such micrographs.
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC INSTRUMENTATION AND METHODS AT OPERATIONAL LEVEL
Authors: Wickens E. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFollowing a successful meeting in 1971, the Photogrammetric Society held a second symposium at the University of Birmingham on 31st March and 1 st April, 1973. Four papers were delivered. The first considered the problems of the instrument operator and the contribution which he was able to make to the development of techniques and instrumentation. The second paper examined the status of the optical transfer function in lens calibration. Participants were able to look back and appreciate the early use of air survey methods, particularly in India, during the third paper and then turn to consider the present position of photogrammetry during the final paper.
THE MEASUREMENT AND COMPARISON OF TOOTH SHAPE USING PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Clark C. E. , Flinn R. M. , Atkinson K. B. , Wickens E. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe current methods for describing and comparing shapes of teeth have a number of inadequacies which lead to inaccuracy and misinterpretation. A method is described which depends on co‐ordinate information. Stereoscopic microphotography of teeth crowns is used to take co‐ordinates of up to 600 points on the tooth surface. Mathematical surfaces are fitted to the co‐ordinates by the method of least squares and analysed by trend surface analysis. The results show that this is a useful method of describing a complex shape, although there are problems which render comparison more difficult.RésuméLes méthodes qu'on utilise généralement pour décrire et comparer les formes des dents sont de par leur nature imprécises et peu sûres. On décrit une méthode basée sur l'utilisation de coordonnées tridimensionnelles. A partir de micro‐stéréogrammes de couronnes dentaires, on relève les coordonnées de près de 600 points de la surface de la dent. Ce semis est ensuite lissé par des surfaces mathématiques et étudié par les méthodes de l'analyse des surfaces. On conclut qu'il s'agit d'une utile méthode de description d'une forme complexe, quoique les comparaisons de dent à dent restent difficiles.ZusammenfassungDie gegenwärtigen Methoden zur Beschreibung und zum Vergleich von Zahnformen weisen eine Reihe von Unzulänglichkeiten auf, die zu Ungenauig‐keiten und Fehlinterpretationen führen. Es wird ein auf der Koordinatenin‐formation beruhendes Verfahren beschrieben. Dabei wird die Stereomikro‐photographie von Zahnkronen zur Ermittlung der Koordinaten von bis zu 600 Punkten auf der Zahnoberfläche angewendet. Die mathematische Oberfläche wird mit Hilfe der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate bestmöglich den gegebenen Koordinaten angepasst und durch Oberflächentrendanalyse überprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es sich um ein brauchbares Verfahren zur Beschreibung komplexer Formen handelt, obwohl es einige Probleme gibt, die den Vergleich erschweren.
THE EFFECT OF GLASS COVER PLATES OVER CAMERA PORTS IN AIRCRAFT ON THE DISTORTION CHARACTERISTICS OF AERIAL SURVEY CAMERAS†
Authors: Meier H.‐K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of glass cover plates on the distortion characteristics of aerial survey cameras is shown to be relatively small. This fact supports the use of glass cover plates at high altitudes, as does the possibility of estimating and determining with sufficient certainty the systematic effect to be expected. If a decision is made against the use of glass cover plates, the effect of a variety of factors such as turbulence and temperature differences within the lens and the camera can hardly be estimated.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND THE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Authors: Boyde A. , Ross H. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe scanning electron microscope forms images of the surfaces of objects located in a vacuum specimen chamber. A fine beam of electrons scans the surface in synchronism with a cathode ray tube whose spot brightness is modulated by the secondary electron signal emanating from the specimen. The system is capable of giving a large depth of focus and thus allows different projections of the specimen to be photographed by tilting the specimen between successive exposures. From a knowledge of the geometry of the projection (which is central or perspective, but may be justifiably treated as a parallel or orthogonal case for high magnification images), it is therefore possible to proceed to three dimensional analyses from the measurement of parallaxes. Part I of this paper deals with the practical problems resulting from mechanical design limitations of specimen stages and plotting instruments, as well as the nature and sources of image distortions. Part II deals with the practical features of the successful plotting instruments designed especially for the solution of a standardised scanning electron microscope problem in which the magnification of the two members of a stereoscopic pair of images is held constant, the angle of divergence of the peripheral “rays” of the projection from the central “ray” is assumed to be negligible (which is the case for high magnification images) and the tilt angle difference between the two specimen attitudes is constant.
ERRORS IN PARALLAX MEASUREMENTS AND THEIR ASSESSMENT IN STUDENT EXERCISES
Authors: Goff R. F. D. Porter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA plot of relative parallax measurements in a student exercise is proposed for revealing errors in parallax bar readings taken from a stereo‐pair of aerial photographs. The sensitivity of the computed heights to measurement error is also evaluated.RésuméOn propose un tracé graphique des mesures de parallaxe pour mettre en évidence des erreurs de lecture à la barre de parallaxe.ZusammenfassungEs wird eine Auswertung relativer Parallaxenmessungen bei einer studentischen Übung vorgeschlagen, um Fehler der an einem Stereomikrometer vorgenommenen Ablesungen aufzudecken, die an Hand eines Luftbildpaars erfolgten. Der Einfluss des Messfehiers auf den Höhenfehler wird ebenfalls abgeschätzt.
THE SERVICE FOR ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN POLAND: ORGANISATION AND EXPERIENCE
Authors: Kolataj W. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe author is one of the members of the International Committee for Architectural Photogrammetry (CIPA) which met in London during European Architectural Heritage Year. He describes architectural applications of photogrammetry in Poland.RésuméL'auteur est membre du Comité International de Photogrammétrie Architecturale (C/PA) réuni à Londres à l'occasion de l'Année du Patrimoine Architectural Européen. Il donne des exemples d'applications de la photogrammétrie à l'architecture en Pologne.ZusammenfassungDer Autor ist eines der Mitglieder des Internationalen Komitees für Architekturphotogrammetrie (CIPA), das während des Europäischen Jahres für Denkmalpflege in London tagte. Er beschreibt Anwendungen der Photogrammetrie in der Architektur in Polen.
SOME REMARKS ON THE CALCULATION OF AERIAL TRIANGULATION
Authors: Thompson E. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA great many papers have been written on aerial triangulation but in recent years they have tended to deal with the purely technical details of the methods of solution of large sets of equations. This paper is concerned with a review of the problem that has to be solved and gives an outline of some current methods. The author's views, which do not always agree with generally accepted notions, are an important part of the text.RésuméPresque tous les papiers publiés en aérotriangulation analytique depuis quelques années traitent de détails purement techniques des méthodes de résolution des grands systèmes linéaires. Dans ce papier au contraire on passe en revue les problèmes non resolus et on donne le principe de quelques méthodes courantes. L'auteur expose également un certain nombre d'idées parfois anti conformistes.ZusammenfassungUber die Aerotriangulation wurde ausserordentlich viel geschrieben, aber die in den letzten Jahren veröffentlichten Arbeiten tendierten dazu, die rein technischen Details der Verfahren zur Lösung grosser Gleichungssysteme zu behandeln. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit einer Übersicht des zu lösenden Problems und gibt einen Überblick über einige gegenwärtig praktizierte Verfahren. Die Ansichten des Verfassers, die nicht immer mit den allgemein existierenden Vorstellungen übereinstimmen, sind ein wichtiger Teil des Artikels.
AN URBAN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SERVICE USING LANDSAT IMAGERY
Authors: Carter P. , Gardner W. E. , Smith T. F. , Jackson M. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe American Landsat earth resource series of satellites is continuously collecting large quantities of data. The extraction of urban growth information in the United Kingdom from these data could be of benefit to planners. This paper is an attempt to describe the current situation in this area of interest. After an introduction to remote sensing and Landsat, the type of equipment needed to extract this information by automation is described. The value of such information and the present potential of Landsat data are discussed. Finally, the importance of incorporating this information into an efficient data base is emphasised.RésuméLes satellites américains Landsat, consacrés à l'inventaire des ressources terrestres, emmagasinent en continu de grandes masses de données. Les planificateurs du royaume‐uni pourraient certainement tirer bénéfice de la partie des données relatives à la croissance urbaine: on décrit ici les possibilités en ce domaine.Après une introduction à la télédétection et au Landsat, on présente le type d'équipement permettant d'extraire ces informations; on soupèse leur fiabilité en l'état present de la technique; enfin on souligne la nécessité de les intégrer à une banque de données bien conçue.ZusammenfassungDie Reihe der amerikanischen Landsat‐Erderkundungssatelliten sammelt kontinuierlich grosse Datenmengen. Ein Auszug der Informationen über das Wachstum der Städte im Vereinigten Königreich könnte für die Planungsbehörden von Nutzen sein. Im Artikel wird der Versuch unternommen, die gegenwärtige Situation auf diesem Interessengebiet zu beschreiben. Nach einer Einführung über Fernerkundung und Landsat wird die Ausrüstung beschrieben, die zur automatischen Informationsentnahme benötigt wird. Der Wert solcher Information und die gegenwärtigen Möglichkeiten von Landsat‐Daten werden diskutiert. Schliesslich wird die Bedeutung der Integration dieser Informationen in ein Datenbanksystem hervorgehoben.
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE XIIIth INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Gates J. W. C. , Petrie G. , Farrow J. E. , Woodrow H. C. , Atkinson K. B. , Burnside C. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe International Society for Photogrammetry held the XIIIth International Congress at Helsinki Technical University during July 1976. The contributors to this report spoke about the work of the technical commissions and the content of the commercial exhibit at a meeting of The Photogrammetric Society on 19th October, 1976.RésuméCompte rendu des activités des commissions du XIIIeme Congrès de photogrammétrie (Helsinki) et de l'exposition.ZusammenfassungDie Internationale Gesellschaft für Photogrammetrie veranstaltete im Juli 1976 an der Technischen Universität Helsinki den XIII. Internationalen Kongress. Die Berichterstatter sprachen über die Arbeit der Technischen Kommissionen und die Exponate der Firmenausstellung anlässlich eines Kolloquiums der Photogrammetrischen Gesellschaft am 19.10.1976.
AN ALGORITHM FOR THE ON LINE PROCESSING OF X PARALLAX MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Greig A. F. , Methley B. D. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn algorithm for the generation of digital ground models is described. The algorithm is based on an approximate solution and uses data obtained with simple measuring equipment. Processing of the observations is carried out by an on line desk top computer and the results of some tests are given.RésuméOn décrit un algorithme pour la génération de modèles de terrain digitaux. L'algorithme est basé sur une solution approximative et utilise des résultats obtenus avec un appareil de mesure simple. Les observations sont etudiées par une ordinateur de bureau lié directement et on donne les resultats de certains travaux.ZusammenfassungBeschreibung eines Algorithmus zur Erzeugung digitaler Geländemodelle. Dieser basiert auf einer Näherungslösung und verwendet Daten, die mit einfachen Messgeräten gewonnen wurden. Die Datenverarbeitung wird mit Hilfe eines Tischrechners ausgeführt, und es werden einige Testergebnisse mitgeteilt.
GEOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF RECONNAISSANCE FRAME PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: El Hassan I. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe wide availability of reconnaissance frame photography, together with the advantage of high image resolution that such photography provides and the extreme flight conditions under which it can be taken, means that it is of great interest to photogrammetrists. However, the geometry of the image is invariably distorted due to the mode of operation of the camera. In this paper, the effects of the focal plane shutter and apparent image motion compensation on the geometry of the photographs are considered.RésuméLe fait que la photographic de reconnaissance soil très répandue, conjointe‐ment aux avantages que présente la grande résolution des images fournies par ces systèmes et les conditions extrêmes de vol dans lesquelles on peut les prendre, milite pour une prise en compte de lew intérêt par les photogrammètres. Toutefois la géométrie de ces images est systématiquement déformée par suite du mode de fonctionnement de la chambre. On traite dans cet article des effets de l'obturateur focal et de la compensation du filé de l'image sur la géométrie des photographies.ZusammenfassungDie grosse Verbreitung von Erkundungsfotos zusammen mit der grossen Auflösung solcher Fotos und den extremen Bedingungen unter denen sie auf‐genommen wurden, lassen diese auch für den Photogrammeter interessant erscheinen. Die Geometrie dieser Bilder ist jedoch infolge der speziellen Kamera‐funktion verzerrt. Im Artikel werden die Einflüsse des Schlitzverschlusses und des Bildwanderungsausgleichs auf die Bildgeometrie untersucht.