bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From energy‐delay metrics to constraints on the design of digital circuits
Authors: Alioto Massimo , Consoli Elio , Palumbo Gaetano 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, the adoption of general metrics of the energy‐delay tradeoff is investigated to achieve energy‐efficient design of digital CMOS very large‐scale integrated circuits. Indeed, as shown in a preliminary analysis on the performance of various commercial microprocessors, a wide range of EiDj metrics is typically adopted. Physical interpretation and interesting properties for the designs minimizing EiDj metrics are provided together with the adoption of the Logical Effort theory to define practical design constraints. Two design examples in a 65‐nm CMOS technology are also reported to exemplify the theoretical results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beurteilung der Umweltverträglichkeit von Baustoffen aus europäischer Sicht — ein Statusbericht zu CEN/TC 351
Authors: Ilvonen Outi , Spanka Gerhard , Wiens Udo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractVom CEN/TC 351 “Bauprodukte: Bewertung der Freisetzung gefährlicher Substanzen” wurden in den letzten Jahren drei Entwürfe für harmonisierte Prüfnormen ausgearbeitet, die zur Umsetzung der wesentlichen Anforderung Nr. 3 “Hygiene, Gesundheit und Umweltschutz” der Bauproduktenrichtlinie notwendig sind. Zwei dieser Prüfnormen sind für die Bestimmung der Auslaugung anorganischer und organischer Substanzen aus monolithischen beziehungsweise körnigen Bauprodukten im Hinblick auf Boden und Wasser vorgesehen. Die dritte Prüfmethode behandelt die Prüfung der Freisetzung flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen in die Innenraumluft. Bevor die vom CEN/TC 351 erarbeiteten Prüfmethoden den Status von Europäischen Normen (EN) erlangen können, sind noch Robustheitsprüfungen und als zweiter Validierungsschritt Ringversuche erforderlich. Wenn die Robustheitsprüfungen gelingen und die Abstimmungen im CEN positiv verlaufen, könnten die drei technischen Spezifikationen im Jahr 2013 als veröffentlichte CEN/TS verfügbar sein. Sobald die neuen horizontalen Prüfmethoden als CEN/TS erschienen sind, sind sie voraussichtlich in harmonisierten Bauproduktnormen (hEN) verwendbar. Die Veröffentlichung der Prüfnormen als EN ist frühestens Ende 2015 möglich.Assessment of the environmental compatibility of construction products from a European view — a status report to CEN/TC 351. CEN/TC 351 “Construction products: Assessment of release of dangerous substances” worked out three drafts for harmonized test methods over the past years, which are necessary for the implementation of the Essential Requirement No 3 ”Hygiene, Health and the Environment” of the Construction Products Directive. Two of this test methods are intended for the determination of the leaching of inorganic and organic substances from monolithic or, respectively, granular construction products with regard to soil and water. The third method deals with testing of the release of volatile organic compounds into indoor air. Before the test methods worked out by CEN/TC 351 can achieve the status of European standards (EN), robustness testing and as second validation step round robin tests are necessary. If the robustness tests are successful and the adjustments in CEN proceed positively the three technical specifications could be available as published CEN/TS in the year 2013. As soon as the new horizontal test methods are published they are probable useable in harmonised construction product standards (hEN). The publication of the test standards as EN is possible at the end of 2015 at the earliest.
Theoretical Verification of Existing Solutions on Lateral Loading of Masonry Infill Walls
Authors: Bakeer Tammam 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe present contribution is the first part of a research work aimed to check the infill masonry walls according to the new German wind code. An assessment for the existing design methods of masonry walls under lateral loading has been performed based on definition of the upper bound values of moment bending coefficients. The assumption of orthotropic brittle failure has been adopted to define failure criterion in terms of the bending moments. The failure criterion implemented into ANSYS to produce moment coefficients following this method. The characteristics of the function of bending moment coefficient are defined to be used in the assessment of existing solutions. To overcome the shortcomings in the application of yield line method on masonry, modifications have been introduced based on the length of the first crack. The moment coefficient values from different sources have been compared with the proposed methods. The differences and similarities between the results have been explained.Theoretische Beurteilung von Lösungsansätzen zu Ausfachungswänden unter Plattenbeanspruchung. Der Beitrag ist der erste Teil einer Forschungsarbeit, die darauf abzielt, Ausfachungswände ent sprechend der neuen deutschen Windnorm zu überprüfen. Dabei ist eine Einschätzung der vorhandenen Bemessungsmethoden von Mauerwerkswänden unter Plattenbeanspruchung, basierend auf der Definition eines oberen Grenzwertes des Koeffizienten zur Berechnung des Biegemomentes, durchgeführt worden. Um eine Beurteilung im Hinblick auf die Biegemomente definieren zu können, wurde ein sprödes Versagen in senkrechter Richtung angenommen. Das hier zur Bestimmung der Momentkoeffizienten in der Software ANSYS implementierte Kriterium berücksichtigt dieses Versagen. Die Eigenschaften des Kurvenverlaufes des Biegemomentkoeffizienten werden definiert und bei der Beurteilung von vorhandenen Lösungen verwendet. Um die Defizite im Zusammenhang mit der Bruchlinientheorie von Mauerwerk zu überwinden, sind Modifizierungen basierend auf der Berücksichtigung der Länge eines Erstrisses eingeführt worden. Die Werte der Momentkoeffizienten aus unterschiedlichen Quellen wurden mit dem vorgeschlagenen Vorgehen verglichen sowie die Unterschiede und Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den Ergebnissen erläutert.
Kalksandstein erneut als umweltschonender Baustoff bestätigt
Authors: Schade Silvio 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPlaner, Bauherren und Gebäudezertifizierer setzen mehr und mehr auf Umwelt‐Produktdeklarationen (engl. Environmental Product Declarations, EPDs) als Informationsgrundlage für ihre Planungsprozesse und Gebäudebewertungen hinsichtlich ihrer Nachhaltigkeit. Das Zusammentragen von Informationen zu den jeweiligen Bauprodukten ist der erste Schritt, um ein Bauwerk auf den Grad seiner Nachhaltigkeit hin zu überprüfen und zu bewerten. Vom Institut Bauen und Umwelt e. V. und dem Bundesverband Kalksandsteinindustrie eV wurde dazu die Umwelt‐Produktdeklaration nach DIN 14025 für Kalksandstein herausgegeben.
The effects of Cannabis sativa L. seed (hemp seed) on reproductive and neurobehavioral end points in rats
Authors: Yousofi Mα´sume , Saberivand Adel , Becker Lora A. , Karimi Isaac 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study determined the effects of maternal dietary intake of hemp seed on reproductive and neurobehavioral end points of Wistar rats. Time‐mated rats were fed 100% hemp seed (n = 15), 50% hemp seed (n = 15) or basal diet (n = 15) once a day. The amount of food made available was based on control feed consumption records. All dams remained on their respective diets from premating (14 days) throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, all pups were given their maternal diet until puberty. Mating and delivery weights of dams in all groups did not show significant changes. Number of pregnancies, number and post‐natal survival rate of total rat pups, litter size and milk yield were lower in the group that received 100% hemp seed. Offspring that received 50% hemp seed diet expressed reproductive and neurobehavioral end points from a modified Fox battery earlier than rats on 100% hemp seed or basal diet, except acoustic startle results where no differences appeared. In conclusion, this study shows that hemp seed supplementation does not improve the reproductive and neurobehavioral performances of rats. Pregnant women and nursing mothers should be cautious about the using of Cannabis sativa L. byproducts in their diets. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:402–412, 2011.
Serum advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with insulin resistance
Authors: Tan Kathryn C. B. , Shiu Sammy W. M. , Wong Ying , Tam Xystus 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to the important role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications, recent data suggest that advanced glycation end products can also impair insulin action in vitro. We have investigated whether circulating advanced glycation end products are associated with insulin resistance in human subjects independent of metabolic parameters.MethodsTwo hundred and seven healthy non‐obese non‐diabetic subjects (97 male, 110 female) were recruited from the community. Serum levels of advanced glycation end products, adiponectin, malondialdehyde and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein were assayed. Insulin resistance was determined by the homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA‐IR).ResultsMale subjects had significantly higher body mass index, waist circumference and lower adiponectin level than female subjects and were more insulin resistant. Serum advanced glycation end products (3.67 ± 1.15 unit/mL versus 3.23 ± 1.15, p < 0.05) and malondialdehyde levels (p < 0.05) were also higher in male than in female subjects. Serum advanced glycation end products correlated with HOMA‐IR in both male (r = 0.32, p = 0.004) and female subjects (r = 0.28, p = 0.003). Serum adiponectin inversely correlated with HOMA‐IR in female (r = − 0.38, p < 0.001) but not in male subjects. On multiple regression analysis, serum AGEs remained an independent determinant of HOMA‐IR even after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, waist, smoking, adiponectin and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation.ConclusionsFormation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products progress during normal ageing. We have demonstrated that the circulating level of advanced glycation end products is associated with insulin resistance even in non‐obese, non‐diabetic subjects independent of adiponectin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential confusion of contaminating CD16+ myeloid DCs with anergic CD16+ NK cells in chimpanzees
Authors: Reeves R. Keith , Evans Tristan I. , Fultz Patricia N. , Johnson R. Paul 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPrecise identification of NK‐cell populations in humans and nonhuman primates has been confounded by imprecise phenotypic definitions. A common definition used in nonhuman primates, including chimpanzees, is CD3−CD8α+CD16+, and this is the dominant NK‐cell phenotype in peripheral blood. However, recent data suggest that in chimpanzees a rare CD8α−CD16+ population also exists. Herein, we present evidence validating the existence of this rare subset in chimpanzee peripheral blood, but also demonstrating that gating on CD3−CD8α−CD16+ cells can inadvertently include a large number of CD16+ myeloid DCs (mDCs). We confirmed the inclusion of mDCs in CD3−CD8α−CD16+ gated cells by demonstrating high expression of CD11c, BDCA‐1 and HLA‐DR, and by the lack of expression of NKp46 and intracellular perforin. We also functionally validated the CD8α− NK‐cell and mDC populations by mutually exclusive responsiveness to a classical NK‐cell stimulus, MHC class I‐deficient cells, and a prototypic mDC stimulus, poly I:C, respectively. Overall, these data demonstrate common problems with gating of NK cells that can lead to erroneous conclusions and highlight a critical need for consensus protocols for NK‐cell phenotyping.
Highly Enantioselective Direct Michael Addition of 1H‐Benzotriazole to Chalcones Catalyzed by Sc(OTf)3/N,N′‐Dioxide Complex
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Wentao , Liu Xiaohua , Hou Zongrui , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe N,N′‐dioxide–Sc(OTf)3 complex was applied in the asymmetric Michael reaction of 1H‐benzotriazole with chalcones to give the corresponding N‐1 products in excellent yields (up to 99 %) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee). Further transformation into other optically active derivatives such as β‐benzotriazolyl ester, alcohol, and amide were also realized with excellent results.
Chiral separation and quantitation of cetirizine and hydroxyzine by maltodextrin‐mediated CE in human plasma: Effect of zwitterionic property of cetirizine on enantioseparation
Authors: Nojavan Saeed , Fakhari Ali Reza 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn the present study, a very simple CE method for chiral separation and quantitation of zwitterionic cetirizine (CTZ), as the main metabolite of hydroxyzine (HZ), and HZ has been developed. In addition, the effect of zwitterionic property of CTZ on enantioseparation was investigated. Maltodextrin, a linear polysaccharide, as a chiral selector was used and several parameters affecting the separation such as pH of BGE, concentration of chiral selector and applied voltage were studied. The best BGE conditions for CTZ and HZ enantiomers were optimized as 75 mM sodium phosphate solution at pH of 2.0, containing 5% w/v maltodextrin. Results showed that, compared to HZ, pH of BGE was an effective parameter in enantioseparation of CTZ due to the zwitterionic property of CTZ. The linear range of the method was over 30–1200 ng/mL for all enantiomers of CTZ and HZ. The quantification and detection limits (S/N=3) of all enantiomers were 30 and 10 ng/mL, respectively. The method was used to quantitative enantioseparation of CTZ and HZ in spiked human plasma.
Fermentation process supervision and strategies for fail‐safe operation: A practical approach
Authors: Gnoth Stefan , Simutis Rimvydas , Lübbert Andreas 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn an industrial production environment, cultivation processes for the production of recombinant proteins run along predefined trajectories. Feedback control is the best way to keep the cultures on track. However, feedback controllers require accurate on‐line values of the controlled variables. To assess whether the measurement signals are correct, process supervision techniques are required. In the case where a process failure has occurred and incorrectly measured variables have been identified, automated fail‐safe techniques must be started. Here, we use the production of a pharmaceutically relevant recombinant protein to compare different approaches to process supervision and fail‐safe routines.
Quantitative tracking of T cell clones after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Mamedov Ilgar Z. , Britanova Olga V. , Bolotin Dmitriy A. , Chkalina Anna V. , Staroverov Dmitriy B. , Zvyagin Ivan V. , Kotlobay Alexey A. , Turchaninova Maria A. , Fedorenko Denis A. , Novik Andrew A. , Sharonov George V. , Lukyanov Sergey , Chudakov Dmitriy M. , Lebedev Yuri B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAutologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is highly efficient for the treatment of systemic autoimmune diseases, but its consequences for the immune system remain poorly understood. Here, we describe an optimized RNA‐based technology for unbiased amplification of T cell receptor beta‐chain libraries and use it to perform the first detailed, quantitative tracking of T cell clones during 10 months after transplantation. We show that multiple clones survive the procedure, contribute to the immune response to activated infections, and form a new skewed and stable T cell receptor repertoire.
Decision‐making Impairments in Women with Binge Eating Disorder in Comparison with Obese and Normal Weight Women
Authors: Danner Unna N. , Ouwehand Carolijn , van Haastert Noor L. , Hornsveld Hellen , de Ridder Denise T. D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the current study was to examine decision making in female patients with binge eating disorder (BED) in comparison with obese and normal weight women.MethodIn the study, 20 patients with BED, 21 obese women without BED and 34 healthy women participated. Decision making was assessed using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Several questionnaires were administered measuring binge eating severity, sensitivity for punishment and reward, and self‐control.ResultsThe findings indicated that the BED and obese group performed poorly on the IGT. Participants who have BED and are obese did not improve their choice behaviour over time, whereas participants with normal weight showed a learning effect. An association between IGT performance and binge eating severity was found.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that patients with BED display decision‐making deficits on the IGT comparable with other forms of disordered eating. Future research should focus on unravelling the processes underlying the deficits. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Using palm‐mat geotextiles on an arable soil for water erosion control in the UK
Authors: Bhattacharyya R. , Fullen M.A. , Booth C.A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTo date, most studies of the effectiveness of geotextiles on soil erosion rates and processes have been conducted in laboratory experiments for less than 1 h. Hence, at Hilton (52°33′ N, 2°19′ W), UK, the effectiveness of employing palm‐mat geotextiles for soil erosion control under field conditions on arable loamy sands was investigated. Geotextile‐mats constructed from Borassus aethiopum (Borassus palm of West Africa) and Mauritia flexuosa (Buriti palm of South America) leaves are termed Borassus mats and Buriti mats, respectively. Duplicate runoff plots (10 m × 1 m on a 15° slope) had five treatments (bare, permanent grass, Borassus total plot cover, Borassus buffer strip and Buriti buffer strip). Borassus covered plots had about 72% ground cover and to differentiate between this treatment and Borassus buffer strips, the former treatment is termed Borassus completely‐covered. Runoff and eroded soil were collected from each bounded plot in a concrete gutter, leading to a receptacle. Results from 08/01/2007–23/01/2009 (total precipitation = 1776·5 mm; n = 53 time intervals) show that using Borassus buffer strips (area coverage ∼10%) on bare soil decreased runoff volume by about 71% (P > 0·05) and soil erosion by 92% (P < 0·001). Bare plots had nearly 29·1 L m−2 runoff and 2·36 kg m−2 soil erosion during that period. Borassus buffer strip, Buriti buffer strip and Borassus completely‐covered plots had similar effects in decreasing runoff volume and soil erosion. Runoff volumes largely explain the variability in soil erosion rates. Although buffer strips of Borassus mats were as effective as whole plot cover of the same mats, the longevity of Borassus mats was nearly twice that of Buriti mats. Thus, use of Borassus mats as buffer strips on bare plots is highly effective for soil erosion control. The mechanisms explaining the effectiveness of buffer strips require further studies under varied pedo‐climatic conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining suspended sediment monitoring and fingerprinting to determine the spatial origin of fine sediment in a mountainous river catchment
Authors: Evrard Olivier , Navratil Oldrich , Ayrault Sophie , Ahmadi Mehdi , Némery Julien , Legout Cédric , Lefèvre Irène , Poirel Alain , Bonté Philippe , Esteves Michel 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTAn excess of fine sediment (grain size <2 mm) supply to rivers leads to reservoir siltation, water contamination and operational problems for hydroelectric power plants in many catchments of the world, such as in the French Alps. These problems are exacerbated in mountainous environments characterized by large sediment exports during very short periods. This study combined river flow records, sediment geochemistry and associated radionuclide concentrations as input properties to a Monte Carlo mixing model to quantify the contribution of different geologic sources to river sediment. Overall, between 2007 and 2009, erosion rates reached 249 ± 75 t km−2 yr−1 at the outlet of the Bléone catchment, but this mean value masked important spatial variations of erosion intensity within the catchment (85–5000 t km−2 yr−1). Quantifying the contribution of different potential sources to river sediment required the application of sediment fingerprinting using a Monte Carlo mixing model. This model allowed the specific contributions of different geological sub‐types (i.e. black marls, marly limestones, conglomerates and Quaternary deposits) to be determined. Even though they generate locally very high erosion rates, black marls supplied only a minor fraction (5–20%) of the fine sediment collected on the riverbed in the vicinity of the 907 km2 catchment outlet. The bulk of sediment was provided by Quaternary deposits (21–66%), conglomerates (3–44%) and limestones (9–27%). Even though bioengineering works conducted currently to stabilize gullies in black marl terrains are undoubtedly useful to limit sediment supply to the Bléone river, erosion generated by other substrate sources dominated between 2007 and 2009 in this catchment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Approach for the Construction of the Coumarin Frame and Application in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Jerezano Alberto , Jiménez Fabiola , del Carmen Cruz María , Montiel Luisa E. , Delgado Francisco , Tamariz Joaquín 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA new synthetic approach is described for building the coumarin scaffold through the Lewis acid‐promoted cyclization of novel aryl 3‐(dimethylamino)prop‐2‐enoates 2a–2f. The latter precursors were prepared via aminomethylenation of the corresponding aryl acetates 4a–4f with the Bredereck reagent. This approach was used for the synthesis of biologically active natural compounds 1a–1f, through a three‐step procedure starting from the corresponding phenols.
Inhibition of neutrophil infiltration into A549 lung tumors in vitro and in vivo using a CXCR2‐specific antagonist is associated with reduced tumor growth
Authors: Tazzyman Simon , Barry Simon T. , Ashton Susan , Wood Pauline , Blakey David , Lewis Claire E. , Murdoch Craig 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNeutrophils are important innate immune cells that are involved in microbial clearance at sites of infection and in wound healing. The microenvironment of tumors often resembles that of chronic inflammation and increased numbers of neutrophils have been observed in several tumors and, in some cases, these positively correlate with poor prognosis. Neutrophil recruitment into tumors appears to be dependent on chemokines that bind to CXCR1 and CXCR2 expressed by neutrophils. In our study, we used lung adenocarcinoma A549 multicellular tumor spheroids and A549 tumor xenografts along with a CXCR2‐specific small molecule inhibitor (AZ10397767) to investigate the recruitment and function of human neutrophils in tumors. We found that A549 spheroids constitutively secrete high levels of CXCL chemokines and that neutrophil recruitment into A549 tumors in vitro and in vivo is largely dependent on CXCR2 activation. AZ10397767 significantly reduced the numbers of infiltrating neutrophils into both in vitro and in vivo tumor models, which was associated with slower growing tumors. Neutrophil infiltration into A549 tumor spheroids increased their size compared to noninfiltrated spheroids and neutrophil‐derived factors increased the proliferation of A549 tumor cells and induced endothelial cell tubule formation in vitro. In contrast, we saw no reduction in microvascular density in AZ10397767‐treated A549 tumors or in tumors grown in CXCR2−/− mice, suggesting that angiogenesis in these tumors is CXCR2‐independent. Our data show that neutrophils can contribute to lung tumor growth and that CXCR2 antagonists may be a useful therapeutic agent in the treatment of lung carcinomas.