bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for lung tumors beneath the rib under CT fluoroscopic guidance with gantry tilt
Authors: Suzuki Takanobu , Yamagami Takuji , Tanaka Osamu , Yoshimatsu Rika , Miura Hiroshi , Nishimura Tsunehiko 
Published: April 2010

Background: Radiofrequency (RF) ablation of lung tumors has become a treatment of choice, especially for unresectable cases. However, RF ablation of small lung lesions located just beneath the rib is difficult. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gantry tilting for the performance of RF ablation of peripheral lesions located beneath the rib. Material and Methods: Our study was based on 18 of 293 lesions in the lung for which RF ablation was performed under CT scan fluoroscopic guidance at our institution between October 2004 and March 2009. For these 18 lesions, RF ablation was performed with gantry tilting because a rib blocked visualization of the RF ablation route even after other attempts had been made to change the relationship between the target and the rib. Results: All RF needles, with only one exception, were successfully advanced to hit the tumor. The commonest complication was a pneumothorax, which occurred in seven procedures. No serious complications occurred. The progression-free rates were 82.4% at 6 months, 62.5% at 12 months, and 30% at 24 months. Mean local progression-free duration was 17.6±11.6 months (range 4–36 months). Conclusion: RF ablation under CT scan fluoroscopic guidance with gantry tilt is a useful and safe technique for RF ablation of lung nodules located beneath the rib.
Visceral abdominal obesity – is there an increased prevalence in men presenting with testicular teratoma?
Authors: Grant Lee , Moyle Penelope , Griffin Nyree , Williams Michael , Sala Evis , Vasconcelos Joana , Dixon Adrian 
Published: April 2010

Background: There is evidence to suggest a link between the accumulation of visceral abdominal adipose tissue and an increased incidence of prostate, endometrial, breast, and colonic cancer. Purpose: To investigate whether an increase in ratio of visceral to subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue is demonstrated in patients with testicular teratoma. Material and Methods: Following ethical approval, 22 male patients who had undergone staging computed tomography (CT) between 2004 and 2007 for testicular teratoma were identified from our database. Abdominal adipose tissue distribution for these 22 patients was compared with that of 22 control patients, standardized for age, sex, and body mass index. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes were calculated from a single axial CT slice at the level of the umbilicus. A two-sample t test for the difference in volume ratio between the two groups was used. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the mean ratio of visceral to subcutaneous volumes between the teratoma patients and controls ( P=0.02). The ratio in teratoma patients was 1.56 times greater than seen in control patients. Conclusion: Patients with testicular teratoma have a relatively greater proportion of abdominal visceral adipose tissue compared with controls. This is concordant with published literature for other malignancies.
White Mold and Rhizoctonia Limb Rot Resistance among Advanced Georgia Peanut Breeding Lines1
Authors: Branch W. D. , Brenneman T. B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn are soilborne pathogens causing two major diseases in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production: white mold and limb rot, respectively. Chemical and cultural control has been relatively ineffective in the past, consequently disease resistance is actively being sought as an environmentally safer and cost efficient alternative. Seven advanced breeding lines were evaluated from the Georgia Peanut Breeding Program and compared to four commercial runner cultivars. Among the cultivars, Southern Runner was found to have the highest yield and resistance to white mold but not limb rot. GA T-2741 had the best overall yield and disease resistance to both white mold and Rhizoctonia limb rot of all cultivars and breeding lines.
Effect of Harvest Date on Maturity, Maturity Distribution, and Flavor of Florunner Peanuts1
Authors: Sanders T. H. , Bett K. L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
In 1988 and 1990, irrigated plots of Florunner peanuts were harvested at weekly intervals to examine the progression of crop maturity profile, maturity distribution in commercial sizes, single seed roast color distribution, and descriptive flavor. Samples were collected 3 wk before through 2 wk after the optimum harvest date predicted by the hull scrape maturity method. Data from these samples indicated consisent pod maturity progression as well as increasingly higher percentages of mature peanuts in each commercial size through optimum harvest date. In 1990, the total percentage of seed from black and brown hull scrape classified pods in the medium commercial size progressed from ca. 48% at 3 wk before optimum to ca. 89% at the optimum harvest date. Distributions of roasted colors of 100 single, medium grade size seed contained fewer dark colored seed with progressive harvest date, and earlier harvests produced darker roasted peanut paste. Mean color of single seed roast color distributions increased (became lighter) in progressive harvest dates and were 3 to 6 Hunter L units higher than the corresponding paste colors. Descriptive roast flavor analysis of paste made from medium-size peanuts harvested in 1990 indicated that, in the earlier harvests, intensities of the descriptors roasted peanutty and sweet aromatic were significantly lower and intensities of dark roast and bitter taste were higher.
In Vitro Reproductive Development of Peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., as Influenced by Plant Growth Regulators, Sucrose and pH1
Authors: Feng Q. L. , Pattee H. E. , Stalker H. T. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Research on in vitro embryo culture in Arachis has the objective of rescuing interspecific hybrid embryos which abort before they reach maturity. This study explored effects of the three exogenous plant growth regulators 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP); sucrose; and medium pH on in vitro fruit and embryo development of A. hypogaea L. by culturing 10-d-old peg tips. Results indicated that medium containing 0.5 to 1.0 mg L-1 NAA was optimal for in vitro pod formation and embryo development. GA3 did not have a significant influence and 6-BAP had negative effects on both in vitro fruit and embryo development. High concentrations of 6-BAP and NAA induced callus which inhibited ovary enlargement and embryo development. Sixty g L-1 sucrose was the best concentration for ovary enlargement and embryo development. Acidic medium was needed for in vitro reproductive development with pH 4.5–6.5 the most favorable. A pod formation frequency of 81%, a seed production rate of 90% (from pods recovered in vitro), and plant recovery of 33% were obtained for a medium containing 1.0 mg L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg L-1 GA plus 60 g L-1 sucrose at pH 5.8. In vitro-recovered cotyledonary embryos between 4 and 10 mm long germinated precociously into seedlings at relatively higher frequencies than morphologically mature embryos which produced more vigorous plants.
Peanut Nitrogen Fixation (C2H2 Reduction) Response to Soil Dehydration
Authors: Sinclair T. R. , Leilah A. A. , Schreffler A. K. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is commonly grown on sandy soils that are susceptible to water deficits. Because symbiotic nitrogen fixation in other grain legumes is especially sensitive to soil drying, the sensitivity of peanut nitrogen fixation to water deficits might be an important limitation on peanut production. This greenhouse study was undertaken to observe the response of nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) in six peanut cultivars to soil drying. In contrast to other grain legumes, peanut nitrogen fixation was relatively insensitive to soil drying. Acetylene reduction rates did not begin to decrease until soil water deficits had decreased to where leaf gas exchange was affected. These data indicated that restricted nitrogen fixation during drought stress is not likely to be a serious problem in peanut. Nevertheless, cultivar variation in drought sensitivity was identified indicating that genetic selection might further decrease the susceptibility of peanut nitrogen fixation to drought.
An Assessment of Environmental Conditions Preceding Outbreaks of Sclerotinia Blight of Peanut in Virginia1
Authors: Phipps P. M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Records of outbreaks of Sclerotinia blight of peanut at the Tidewater Center in Suffolk were summarized over a 16-yr period (1978–93). Initial outbreaks of the disease were determined through intensive scouting of fields at weekly intervals. First occurrences of Sclerotinia blight occurred between 10 July and 7 Sept., or 62 to 120 d after planting (DAP). The mean and median dates of initial outbreaks were 28 July (79 DAP) and 25 July (76 DAP), respectively. The initial onset of disease always occurred after vines were within 15 cm of touching between rows or after vines had lapped between rows. Under these conditions, a canopy of dense foliage shaded the soil surface and infection sites inside rows from direct sunlight. Rainfall summaries showed the heaviest accumulations were from 6 to 15 d before disease outbreaks. Maximum and minimum air temperatures over the 15-d period prior to disease onset averaged ca. 32 C and 20 C, respectively. Maximum and minimum soil temperatures at the 10-cm depth averaged ca. 30 and 25 C, respectively, during this same period. The results of this study provide evidence that vine growth and rainfall are primary determinants in triggering the onset of Sclerotinia blight of peanut in southeastern Virginia.
Design, Testing, and Implementation of a Data Automation System for the Peanut Quality Inspection Process1
Authors: Dowell F. E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The current manual peanut inspection system requires inspectors to hand record about 14 million pieces of grade information and hand calculate about 8 million percentages on the 600,000 lots marketed annually. This results in up to 26% of these manually recorded grade certificates having errors. An automated data collection system was developed that reduces errors in recording and calculating grade factors. In addition, labor is reduced since recording data electronically eliminates manual recording, calculating, and checking of grade data. Variability in calculating dollar value was reduced up to 11%. Depending on the type of error occurring at specific buying points, implementing the system could save the peanut industry up to $6 million annually. A commercial computer company is marketing a version of the automated data collection system for use with current grading equipment.
Tank Mix Combinations of Propiconazole and Chlorothalonil for Control of Leaf Spot Diseases of Peanut
Authors: Culbreath A. K. , Brenneman T. B. , Reynolds K. L. , Hammond J. M. , Padgett G. B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in one location in 1993 and two locations in 1994 to determine the effects of propiconazole and chlorothalonil tank mix combinations on severity of early (Cercospora arachidicola) and late (Cercosporidium personatum) leaf spot diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). In all tests, 10 treatments consisted of 0 and 63 g a.i./ha of propiconazole and 0, 0.315, 0.63, 0.945, and 1.26 kg a.i./ha of chlorothalonil arranged factorially. In 1993, final leaf spot intensity ratings decreased according to nonlinear quadratic functions of chlorothalonil concentrations applied with and without propiconazole. No improvement in leaf spot control was evident with the addition of more than 0.945 kg a.i./ha of chlorothalonil with 63 g a.i./ha of propiconazole. In 1994, conditions were more conducive for leaf spot development. At the Plains location, final leaf spot intensity ratings decreased according to non-linear quadratic functions of chlorothalonil concentrations alone. Leaf spot intensity ratings decreased linearly with increasing rates of chlorothalonil when applied with 63 g a.i./ha of propiconazole. At Tifton, final leaf spot intensity ratings decreased linearly with increasing rates of chlorothalonil with or without propiconazole. Leaf spot intensity ratings were lower on plants treated with tank mixes of chlorothalonil and propiconazole compared to those treated with chlorothalonil alone. Pod yields increased linearly or according to quadratic functions of rates of chlorothalonil with or without propiconazole in both years and all locations. Across all rates of chlorothalonil, yields were higher from plants treated with propiconazole than those treated with the respective rates of chlorothalonil alone.
Combination of Early Maturity and Leaf Spot Tolerance Within an Advanced Georgia Peanut Breeding Line1
Authors: Branch W. D. , Culbreath A. K. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
In the past, genetic resistance to both early and late leaf spots [Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidiumpersonatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton] has been found to be negatively or inversely correlated with early maturity in the cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). For example, the late leaf spot resistant cultivar Southern Runner is approximately 2 wk later in maturity than the susceptible Florunner cultivar. Recently, an advanced runner-type breeding line (GA T-2844) has been developed by the Georgia peanut breeding program which combines early maturity and leaf spot tolerance. For the past 3 yr (1991–1993), GA T-2844 has been evaluated in replicated field tests without fungicides. Results show that GA T-2844 has on the average &gt;30% yield advantage and a 30-d earlier maturity than Southern Runner. Leaf spot ratings also showed GA T-2844 to be intermediate between Southern Runner and Florunner. Such a combination of early maturity and leaf spot tolerance could significantly enhance U.S. peanut production by providing an environmentally safer and efficient alternative to costly pesticides not previously available among runner-type cultivars.
A Technique for Imposing Separate Temperature Regimes on Pods and Roots of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1
Authors: Golombek S. D. , Prasad K. D. V. , Chandrasekhar K. , Johansen C. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Recent studies have shown marked effects of soil temperature on growth, development, and seed composition of peanut. Knowledge about how soil temperature affects pods and roots separately could provide useful information for field management and genetic manipulation. To facilitate such investigations, a technique was developed which allows imposition of different temperature regimes to the pods and the roots separately. Pods and roots were grown in different compartments that have soil temperature controlled by separate water baths. Day/night temperature regimes of 28/22 and 40/34 C with a 12-hr ‘day’ and 12-hr ‘night’ period were imposed to the pod and root compartments separately in all four possible combinations of these temperature regimes. The temperature change between the ‘day’ and ‘night’ period occured mainly within the first 2 brand the transition to tbe final temperature required up to 5 hr. After adjustment to the ‘day’ or ‘night’ temperatures, the temperatures ranged in the 40/34 C treatment between the programmed temperature and 0.6 C less (root compartments) or 0.8 C less (pod compartments); and the maximal fluctuation in the 28/22 C treatment is ± 0.3 C (root compartments) or ± 0.6 C (pod compartments).
Storing Peanuts in Trailer-Sized Containers1
Authors: Wright F. S. , Deck S. H. , Cundiff J. S. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A containerized handling system is envisioned whereby peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are placed in containers in the field and remain in these containers until they are shelled. This would reduce the foreign material, loose shelled kernels, and pod damage that result from handling as peanuts move through the buying point and into storage. Two naturally ventilated containers (half-trailer size) were stored in 1993. One container had a shed cover and the other an A-frame cover. In 1994 four containers were stored, two with shed covers and two with A-frame covers. One shed and one A-frame had a 1.7 m3/min fan that operated daily between the hours of 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. Top layer peanuts were at 12% moisture content at the beginning of storage in 1993 and ranged 10 to 11% moisture content after 16 wk. In 1994, the peanuts were over-dried and top layer peanuts entered storage at 6% moisture content. After 12 wk, moisture content was 7%. No mold growth or quality degradation was observed either year. The results indicated top layer peanuts absorb or desorb very little moisture when peanut moisture content is in the range of 6 to 12% at the beginning of storage. Containers were successful for storage at the ambient conditions in Tidewater, VA during 1993 and 1994.
Techniques for Inoculation of Peanut with Sclerotium rolfsii in the Greenhouse and Field1
Authors: Shokes F. M. , Róźalski K. , Gorbet D. W. , Brenneman T. B. , Berger D. A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Four greenhouse experiments and a field trial were conducted in 1994 to determine the most effective technique for inoculation of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) with Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. The cultivar Florunner was grown in the greenhouse in 20-cm-diameter pots and inoculated 48 d after planting (DAP). Plants in the field experiment were grown in plots 2.7 m long on 0.9 m centers, thinned to 11 plants per plot, and alternate plants were flagged for inoculation at 48 DAP. Inoculation techniques for all experiments were (a) a germinating sclerotium on a 1-cm-diameter agar disk [potato dextrose agar (PDA)] appressed to the base of each central stem; (b) mycelia of a composite of six isolates growing on sterilized oat seed placed on the soil near the base of each central stem (20 g/pot) in the greenhouse or in the center of rows (a full 150 mL beaker of inoculum per row) in the field; (c) 2-3 mL of a PDA slurry with actively growing mycelia applied to the base of each central stem; (d) mycelia on toothpicks impregnated with potato dextrose broth (PDB) inserted into the base of each central stem; (e) a toothpick with mycelia [as in (d)] inserted into the soil near the base of each central stem; and (f) mycelia on PDB-impregnated clothespins clamped around the base of each central stem. The most effective methods in all experiments were the agar disk technique (a) and the clothespin technique (f). The oat inoculum technique (b) was only slightly less effective than techniques a and f. Techniques a and f have the advantage of allowing distinct single-plant inoculation. The oat inoculum technique allows the use of a composite of multiple isolates and inoculation of entire rows of plants or large areas of a field. The other techniques (c, d, and e) produced significantly (P ≤ 0.05) less disease. Inoculation with mycelia cultured on toothpicks inserted into stems (d) worked well sometimes but lacked consistency. This technique wounds plants and may bypass some possible natural defense mechanisms. We prefer the clothespin technique for evaluation of individual plant resistance because it is rapid and reliable. This is the first report for use of this technique for inoculation of peanut with S. rolfsii.
Sources of Variation in Shelling Percentage in Peanut Germplasm and Crop Improvement for Calcium Deficiency-Prone Soils1
Authors: Hartmond U. , Williams J. H. , Lenz F. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Calcium (Ca) deficiency causes peanut pegs and pods to abort, resulting in decreased shelling percentages and yields. Environmental factors influencing calcium availability include soil Ca content and soil moisture. Genetic attributes that influence the sensitivity of cultivars to soil Ca supply include pod size, soil volume per pod (varied by plant growth habit), and pod wall attributes. Where Ca fertilization is not possible, genetic solutions to Ca deficiency are important, and breeders need information on the relative importance of these attributes. The objective of this research was to quantify the relative importance of these three sources of variation. Data from three trials were used to evaluate the relative importance of these attributes. The trials, sited on Ca-deficient alfisols, used between four and 12 germplasm lines with varied Ca sensitivity- determining attributes. Lines differed in growth habit (spreading or bunch), pod volume, pod yield, shelling percentage, and seed yield. The trial treatments and environments (sites and seasons) also varied Ca supply through soil type, fertilization, and water supply. Assuming that Ca supply has little impact on crop growth rates (CGR), a physiological model was used to set aside the contributions of CGR to yield differences between treatments. The three trials were analyzed separately and then combined for further regression analysis by defining each site and treatment combination as an environment. Within trials, variations in shelling percentage accounted for up to half the variations in seed yield between lines. In the combined analysis, easily selected attributes—pod volume (58% of germplasm sums of squares) and plant habit (8%) and their interaction (14%)—accounted for much of the variation in shelling percentage. The interaction was due to shelling percentage being less influenced by pod volume in spreading than in the bunch types. Thus, in Ca-limiting situations, the spreading growth habit allowed larger seeded peanuts to be grown than the bunch growth habit because of the greater pod dispersal of this type. Assuming that the lines tested typified peanuts for their relation between attributes and Ca deficiency-based shelling percentage variations, breeders should place the greatest emphasis on small pod size to decrease peanut sensitivity to Ca deficiency. Increased soil available to each pod by pod dispersal decreases the need for small pods to decrease sensitivity to Ca-deficient soils.
Comparison of Peanut Dryer Control Strategies1
Authors: Butts C. L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Peanuts were mechanically cured from field moisture contents ranging from 11.5 to 32.8% wet basis to levels acceptable for marketing (&lt; 10.5%) using two dryer control strategies. The first control algorithm consisted of a constant thermostat setting of 39 C, while the second required manual thermostat control on an hourly basis such that the minimum plenum relative humidity was between 40 and 60% and the maximum plenum temperature was less than 39 C. The average drying rate using the variable thermostat set point (0.3%/hr) was half that obtained with the constant set point (0.6%/hr). Average curing time for the variable thermostat setting was 56% longer than for the peanuts cured using the constant thermostat. Fuel consumption was reduced by approximately 30% using the variable set point. Kernel size distributions and milling quality indicated by bald kernels were significantly better (P ≤ 0.1) for peanuts cured using the variable thermostat control. Increasing available dryer capacity by 40% would allow the buying point manager to handle the same amount of peanuts during the same harvest interval. Economic analysis showed that the annual capital cost for additional drying equipment could not be offset by energy savings alone. Based on increased shelled product value and energy savings, shellers could realize an increase in net revenue of approximately $14/1000 kg of farmers stock peanuts by using a variable thermostat set point.