bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral complications after lingual mucosal graft harvesting for urethroplasty in 110 cases
Authors: Xu Yue‐Min , Xu Qing‐Kang , Fu Qiang , Sa Ying‐Long , Zhang Jiong , Song Lu‐Jie , Hu Xiao‐Yong , Li Chao 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)  Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Lingual mucosal graft harvesting for urethroplasty is feasible, safe, provides long grafts and is easy to carry out. Most patients have minimal immediate or short‐term donor site complications. The oral complications appeared to be related to the graft length and patient age. Most complications resolved within 1 year.Oral complications after LMGs harvesting were related to the patient’s age at surgery. The children did not experience any persistent complications. Cases of bilateral or longer LMGs were associated with higher complication rates. However, most of these oral complications subsided gradually within 1 year.OBJECTIVE • This study was to evaluate donor‐site complications of lingual mucosal graft harvesting for substitution urethroplasty.PATIENTS AND METHODS • 110 patients with anterior urethral strictures or hypospadias underwent lingual mucosal grafts (LMGs) urethroplasty. Dual LMGs were harvested from both sites separately or a long mucosal graft was harvested from one side to other side of tongue in 29 patients (group one); a shorter mucosal graft was harvested from one side of tongue in 81 patients (group two). A standard proforma (Appendix) was used for all patients.RESULTS • The mean follow up time was 22 months (range 6∼41). At six months follow‐up, numbness of tongue was reported in 19 patients (17.27%), parageusias in six (5.45%) and slurring of speech in 9 (8.18%).• Ninety‐six patients were followed up for more than 12 mo. Numbness in operative area of tongue was documented in seven patients (7.29%), parageusias in three (3.13%) and slurred speech in three (3.13%).• None of these complications occurred in the six pediatric cases (<14 year) with a history of failed hypospadias repair.CONCLUSIONS • LMGs urethroplasty, as most patients, were satisfied, but there were certain complications that have not been previously described in the literature.• Most oral complications subsided gradually within the first year.
Endothelin‐1: a predictor of extracapsular extension in clinically localized prostate cancer?
Authors: Menard Johann , Durlach Anne , Barbe Coralie , Joseph Karine , Lorenzato Marianne , Azemar Marie‐Dominique , Perez Thomas , Birembault Philippe , Staerman Frederic 
Published: November 2010

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? ET‐1 expression on initial prostate biopsies combined with PSA > 10 ng/ml and Gleason score ≥7 provided the best model for predicting extracapsular extension.This is useful when making treatment decisions after the diagnosis of prostate cancer.OBJECTIVETo assess the value of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) expression in predicting extracapsular extension (ECE) in clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa).PATIENTS AND METHODSET‐1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry on archival needle biopsies (NBs) from 94 patients (49 pT2 and 45 pT3a) who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for clinical T1‐T2 PCa. Each sample was analysed independently by two pathologists blinded to the clinical data.RESULTSIn univariate analysis, high ET‐1 expression in NBs, pre‐operative prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level >10 ng/ml, percentage of positive biopsy cores and NB Gleason score ≥7 were significantly associated with ECE as determined on subsequent RP. No significant association was found between clinical stage and ECE. In multivariate analysis, there was a significant association with high ET‐1 expression in NBs (p = 0.006), pre‐operative PSA level >10 ng/ml (p = 0.049), and NB Gleason score ≥7 (p = 0.002). These three pre‐operative factors combined provided the best model for predicting ECE with 93.3% sensitivity, 49% specificity, 62.5% positive predictive value, 88.9% negative predictive value. The combination yielded a higher concordance index (0.760 vs 0.720) and offered a higher log partial likelihood than the same model without ET1 (112.8 vs 105.7, p = 0.01).CONCLUSIONSET‐1 expression was strongly associated with ECE and, when combined with pre‐operative PSA level and Gleason score, improved the predictive accuracy of pre‐operative NBs. Its assessment in patients with localized PCa might be useful when making treatment decisions. Further studies with standardisation of immunohistochemical staining and multi‐institutional validation are now needed to establish the appropriate use of ET‐1 staining in PCa staging and to evaluate inter‐observer reproducibility.
Paraoxonase‐1 is only present in traceable amounts in seminal fluid and does not show any relationship with male subfertility
Authors: Marsillach Judit , Lafuente Rafael , Checa Miguel Angel , Maestre‐Martínez Carmen , Fabián Enrique , Brassesco Mario , Beltrán‐Debón Raúl , Aragonès Gerard , Carreras Ramon , Pedro‐Botet Juan , Joven Jorge , Camps Jordi 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Aetiology (case series)Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Oxidative stress seems to be one of the biochemical causes of defective sperm function. Paraoxonases are antioxidant enzymes that degrade lipid peroxides. There is a paucity of data on the possible role played by these enzymes in the pathophysiology of male sub‐fertility.The present study shows that testicular tissue of sub‐fertile patients clearly expresses paraoxonases‐1, 2, and 3. These findings suggest a role for these enzymes in the protection against lipid peroxidation inside the cell. However, the concentration and activity of paraoxonase‐1 in semen are negligible and are probably the result of cellular catabolism, with no significant biological function.OBJECTIVETo characterise the immunohistochemical sites of paraoxonase (PON) 1, PON2 and PON3 in human testicular tissue, and to analyse PON1 levels in semen, aiming to investigate the role played by these enzymes in the pathophysiology of male subfertility.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe present study was performed in 41 semen samples from normal donors and in 52 semen samples and ten testicle biopsies from patients who were being evaluated for causes of subfertility.RESULTSImmunohistochemical analyses showed high levels of PON1 and PON3 expression in testicular tissue. PON2 expression was also detected, albeit at weaker levels. Oxidative stress indicators in biopsies were low and localized in some specific areas of the seminiferous tubules. PON1 was detected in seminal fluid at very low levels but with no significant differences between patients and controls. Receiver‐operating characteristic analysis showed a low diagnostic power of semen PON1 levels.CONCLUSIONSThe present study shows high protein expression levels of PON1, PON2 and PON3 in testicular cells. The concentrations and activities of PON1 in semen are negligible and are probably the result of cellular catabolism, with no significant biological function in the testes.
The association between renal cell carcinoma and multiple myeloma: insights from population‐based data
Authors: Ojha Rohit P. , Evans Eva L. , Felini Martha J. , Singh Karan P. , Thertulien Raymond 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Prevalence (population based cohort)Level of Evidence 3bWhat’s known on the subject? and What does the study add?Several case‐series have hypothesized a potential association between renal cell carcinoma and multiple myeloma. Nonetheless, this hypothesis has not been systematically explored in a population‐based setting with sufficient sample size to estimate a magnitude of association.Our analyses revealed a bidirectional relation between renal cell carcinoma and multiple myeloma, which typically indicates that common risk factors influence both malignancies. Our findings may be useful for raising awareness among clinicians that a diagnosis of multiple myeloma may be within the spectrum of second malignancies among patients with renal cell carcinoma and that a diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma may be within the spectrum of second malignancies among patients with multiple myeloma.OBJECTIVE• To evaluate the hypothesis of an association between renal cell carcinoma and multiple myeloma.PATIENTS AND METHODS• Data from nine population‐based registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results programme were used to evaluate two separate cohorts of patients diagnosed between 1973 and 2006: patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma as a primary malignancy (n= 57 190) and patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma as a primary malignancy (n= 34 156).• We estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by dividing the number of observed cases of multiple myeloma within the renal cell carcinoma cohort and the number of renal cell carcinoma cases within the multiple myeloma cohort by the number of expected cases for each malignancy in the US general population.RESULTS• The renal cell carcinoma cohort yielded 88 multiple myeloma cases during 293 511 person‐years of follow up. Patients with renal cell carcinoma had a higher relative risk of multiple myeloma than the general population (SIR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.21–1.85).• The multiple myeloma cohort yielded 69 renal cell carcinoma cases during 100 804 person‐years of follow up. Patients with multiple myeloma had a higher relative risk of renal cell carcinoma than the general population (SIR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.47–2.40).CONCLUSION• Our analyses revealed a bidirectional association between renal cell carcinoma and multiple myeloma, which typically indicates shared risk factors.
On the number of trials needed for a stable feedback‐related negativity
Authors: Marco‐Pallares Josep , Cucurell David , Münte Thomas F. , Strien Nadine , Rodriguez‐Fornells Antoni 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFeedback‐related negativity is an event‐related brain potential elicited by negative feedback. Its properties make it a valuable tool for the assessment of cognitive‐affective processes that are involved in feedback and reward processing. The present study sought to determine the minimum number of trials that are required to obtain a reliable FRN component using a simple gambling paradigm. Three independent groups of young participants and one group of old participants were used. In the experimental conditions with healthy young controls, 20 trials were sufficient to measure the optimal FRN amplitude. In older participants, 50 trials were needed to obtain a reliable FRN. Whereas 20 trials would be enough to ensure a reliable FRN component in studies with nonclinical samples, the number of trials needed in clinical and cognitively impaired populations has to be determined based on the signal‐to‐noise ratios and the characteristics of the signals recorded.
It's a word: Early electrophysiological response to the character likeness of pictographs
Authors: Zhang Mingxia , Jiang Ting , Mei Leilei , Yang Hongmin , Chen Chuansheng , Xue Gui , Dong Qi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractUsing unfamiliar and meaningless pictographs that varied in their degree of similarity to Chinese characters, the current study tested whether the early electrophysiological response was modulated by character likeness. We measured P100 and N170 while 20 native Chinese speakers were viewing Chinese characters, drawings of objects, and pictographs. Comparisons across the three categories of stimuli showed that pictographs elicited a smaller N170 amplitude than did Chinese characters and a stronger N170 amplitude than did objects, but did not differ in the P100 amplitude from the other two categories. Within the category of pictographs, stimuli with a higher degree of character likeness elicited larger N170 amplitudes and shorter N170 peak latencies, and this effect was again not observed in P100. These results suggest that N170 is sensitive to visual stimuli's character likeness even though they are unfamiliar pictographs with no meanings or sounds.
Mycoplasmas in pregnancy
Authors: Taylor‐Robinson D , Lamont RF 
Published: November 2010

Please cite this paper as: Taylor‐Robinson D, Lamont R. Mycoplasmas in pregnancy. BJOG 2011;118:164–174.The genital mycoplasmas have been implicated in a number of adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Spontaneous preterm labour and preterm birth is an important contributor to perinatal mortality and morbidity. If Mycoplasma hominis plays an integral part in this problem, it is likely to contribute through its involvement with bacterial vaginosis. Ureaplasmas induce cytokines and inflammation, making a casual association compelling. The role of Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma fermentans is less clear, but M. genitalium is potentially pathogenic and should be treated if detected. There is considerable evidence for the role of M. hominis in post‐partum and post‐abortal sepsis, and for ureaplasmas causing chronic lung disease or death in very low birthweight infants. The role of the genital mycoplasmas in adverse outcomes of pregnancy is complicated by the presence or absence of bacterial vaginosis, and this association requires further research.
Distribution of potassium fractions in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) garden soils in the Central Highlands of Papua New Guinea and management implications
Authors: Walter R. , Rajashekhara Rao B. K. , Bailey J. S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPrevious studies indicated that potassium (K) deficiency is an important soil‐related factor for yield decline of the sweet potato gardens in the Central Highlands of Papua New Guinea, where sweet potato is an important staple food crop. An effort was made to characterize various fractions of K in the diverse soils of this region under sweet potato, to ascertain the probable reasons behind the observed K deficiency and its relationship to decreasing yield trends. Soils from two depths (0–10 cm) and (10–20 cm) in two types of gardens (old and new gardens) were assessed for different fractions of soil potassium in volcanic and non‐volcanic soil groups. Volcanic soils (Hydrandepts and Andaquepts) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in exchangeable K than the non‐volcanic soils (Dystropepts, Tropoqualfs and Eutropepts). Mean exchangeable K content of the non‐volcanic soils was 95.5 mg/kg, whereas that of volcanic soils was 72.4 mg/kg. Similarly, new gardens had an average exchangeable K content of 94.1 mg/kg, which was significantly greater than 71.6 mg/kg soil of older gardens. Non‐exchangeable K content differed significantly (P < 0.001) between the soil types; mean K content was 85.9 mg/kg for the volcanic soils, whereas in non‐volcanic soils, it was 184.9 mg/kg. Garden types also differed significantly (P < 0.05) with respect to non‐exchangeable K content; new gardens registering higher average values (by almost 20%) than the older gardens. Multiple regression analysis showed that variability in the tuber yield was as a result of variability of water soluble and exchangeable K (up to 22%), non‐exchangeable K (2%), mineral K (4%) and leaf K concentrations (10%). Older gardens, which are in volcanic soil groupings, are more susceptible to the K depletion problem because of continuous sweet potato cultivation, possibly owing to their lower K reserves. Such gardens should be managed either with sufficient fallow periods for regeneration of soil fertility or with suitable application of mineral K fertilizers to enhance productivity.
Mitigating methane emissions from irrigated paddy fields by application of aerobically composted livestock manures in eastern China
Authors: Chen Ruirui , Lin Xiangui , Wang Yiming , Hu Junli 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLivestock manure heaps and wetland rice fields are major sources of CH4 emissions. A field experiment with an associated composting study were undertaken to investigate CH4 emissions during manure composting and subsequent land application on paddy. Over a 24‐day period in the composting experiment, CH4 emissions from stored manure was 17 times higher than that from composting manure, indicating that composting as an aerobic process was effective in mitigating CH4 emissions compared with manure storage, which is normally under an anaerobic environment. Stored and composted manures were subsequently applied as organic fertilizers in the field experiment. Compared with the non‐fertilized control treatment, stored and composted manures increased grain yields by 30% and 21%, respectively. During the full rice‐growing season, the cumulative CH4 emission was 15.8 g CH4/m2 with the application of composted manure, only one‐third of that from stored manure. CH4 emission per unit of grain yield was significantly decreased by composted manure, with a reduction of 56% from the control and 73% from stored manure. The results indicate that composted livestock manure in rice cultivation is a triple‐win option through sustaining rice yield, mitigating CH4 emissions and re‐utilizing livestock waste.
Diasporas and Domestic Entrepreneurs: Evidence from the Indian Software Industry
Authors: Nanda Ramana , Khanna Tarun 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT This study explores the importance of cross‐border social networks for entrepreneurs in developing countries by examining ties between the Indian expatriate community and local entrepreneurs in India's software industry. We find that local entrepreneurs who have previously lived outside India rely significantly more on diaspora networks for business leads and financing. This is especially true for entrepreneurs who are based outside software hubs—where getting leads to new businesses and accessing finance is more difficult. Our results provide micro‐evidence consistent with a view that cross‐border social networks play an important role in helping entrepreneurs to circumvent the barriers arising from imperfect domestic institutions in developing countries.
Prevalence of posterior subcapsular cataracts in volunteer cytapheresis donors
Authors: Clayton Janine A. , Vitale Susan , Kim Jonghyeon , Conry‐Cantilena Cathy , Byrne Phyllis , Reed George F. , Ferris, III Frederick L. , Leitman Susan F. 
Published: November 2010

BACKGROUND: Granulocyte donors routinely receive dexamethasone orally before donation. Steroids may increase the risk of posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) formation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We recruited 100 granulocyte donors (four or more granulocyte donations; any number of platelet [PLT] donations) and 100 age‐ and sex‐matched PLT donors (zero to three granulocyte donations, any number of PLT donations) to examine the risk of PSC. PSC was assessed by a masked ophthalmologist and reading center lens photograph gradings or medical record documentation of PSC as the reason for cataract extraction.RESULTS: Fourteen eyes of 10 granulocyte donors and five eyes of four PLT donors had PSCs (odds ratio [OR], 2.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83‐9.61; p = 0.10). Risk of PSC increased with number of granulocyte donations: compared to zero to three donations (4.0%), the risk for four to nine, 10 to 19, and 20 or more donations was 8.6% (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 0.31‐13.99; p = 0.30), 9.5% (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 0.44‐14.20; p = 0.21), and 13.0% (OR, 3.60; 95% CI, 0.48‐22.81; p = 0.11), respectively (p = 0.06 for trend).CONCLUSION: We did not demonstrate a statistically significant increased risk of PSC associated with granulocyte donation. However, although this makes a large risk unlikely, we cannot rule out a small to moderate risk and there is biologic plausibility that the steroid administration associated with granulocyte donation could be associated with PSC formation. Transfusion medicine professionals should advise granulocyte apheresis donors to maintain an appropriate frequency of eye examinations.
Reliability of panoramic radiographs for the assessment of mandibular elongation after distraction osteogenesis procedures
Authors: Hazan‐Molina H , Molina‐Hazan V , Schendel SA , Aizenbud D 
Published: November 2010

To cite this article:
Hazan‐Molina H, Molina‐Hazan V, Schendel SA, Aizenbud D: Reliability of panoramic radiographs for the assessment of mandibular elongation after distraction osteogenesis procedures Orthod Craniofac Res 2011;14:25–32Structured AbstractAuthors –  Hazan‐Molina H, Molina‐Hazan V, Schendel SA, Aizenbud DObjectives –  To determine whether panoramic radiographs could be used for evaluation of changes in the vertical and horizontal dimensions following internal curvilinear mandibular distraction osteogenesis.Study Design –  A retrospective cohort study included 25 patients who underwent bilateral mandibular distraction surgery. Three panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms from each patient were available: before distraction, immediately upon termination of the distraction process, and at the end of the follow‐up period. The radiographs were traced by plotting Condylion, Gonion, and Menton. The linear distances between Condylion and Gonion and between Gonion and Menton were measured on each side, and the correlation was calculated.Results –  No significant differences were found between the values of the linear measurements determined by lateral cephalograms and panoramic radiographs (p ≥ 0.079), excluding one measurement. The correlation test for these radiographs showed very high, positive and statistically significant correlations, for both sides of the internal mandibular distraction (r > 0.77, p ≤ 0.0001), apart from three measurements.Conclusion –  Panoramic radiographs, with mandibular length (Co–Go and Go–Me) measurements, can be used as an alternative to lateral cephalograms, i.e. as a reliable tool for assessing vertical and horizontal dimensional changes resulting from internal mandibular distraction achieved by a curvilinear distractor.
Update dermatologic laser therapy
Authors: Grunewald Sonja , Bodendorf Marc Oliver , Simon Jan C. , Paasch Uwe 
Published: November 2010

SummaryNew trends in dermatological laser therapy during the last years are based on new wavelengths, concepts and treatment combinations resulting in a variety of new dermatologic indications. Fractional laser therapy of chronic actinic damage of the skin has been introduced and already represents a standard technique. The concept of fractional non‐ablative and ablative laser treatment has been shown to be safe and effective. Also pigmented and vascular skin changes can be treated by this method. New, very promising concepts for laser epilation include linear scanned as well as low fluence laser systems. The first enable very short treatment times for large areas; the latter are the basis for the growing market of laser epilation devices for home use. Nevertheless, the potential of low fluence laser devices for long‐term hair reduction has not been tested so far. Furthermore, no data exist on side effects resulting from repetitive application of laser light to melanocytic lesions. Laser lipolysis has been introduced as the latest, minimally invasive way of removing small localised fat deposits. The new procedure may have a great potential for liposculpture; its further development should be thoughtfully observed. The latest innovations for precise ablation are ultra‐short pulsed laser systems. Femtosecond lasers avoid thermal damage at the border areas of ablation zones.