bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pectin on plasma lipids and caecal enzyme activity in rutin‐supplemented mice
Authors: Tamura Motoi , Hirayama Kazuhiro , Itoh Kikuji 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Few previous reports have considered the effects of dietary fibre on the plasma lipids and caecal enzyme activity of mice fed a rutin‐supplemented diet. This investigation studied the effects of pectin on the plasma lipids and caecal enzyme activities of mice fed a diet supplemented with the quercetin glycoside rutin.RESULTS: Male mice were randomly divided into two groups and fed either a pectin–rutin (PR) diet or a cellulose–rutin (CR) diet for 14 days. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and caecal β‐glucosidase and β‐glucuronidase activities were measured. The plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in the CR diet group, as were the caecal β‐glucosidase and β‐glucuronidase activities. The caecal β‐glucuronidase/β‐glucosidase activity ratio was significantly higher in the PR diet group, indicating differences in the metabolic activity of the intestinal flora.CONCLUSION: The PR diet greatly affected the caecal enzyme activities. A pectin diet supplemented with the quercetin glycoside rutin might affect the lipid metabolism and metabolic activity of the intestinal flora. The plasma lipid‐lowering effects of the PR diet might have been partially caused by the metabolic actions of the intestinal gut flora. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
A consumer study of fresh juices containing berry fruits
Authors: Endrizzi Isabella , Pirretti Giuseppe , Calò Daniela G , Gasperi Flavia 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Consumer science techniques are proposed here to support the development of innovative fresh juices designed to exploit the sensory characteristics and nutritional advantages of berry fruits and to meet the needs of modern consumers, who increasingly buy ‘ready to eat’ products to save time, without abandoning a healthy diet.RESULTS: A series of consumer tests were conducted on 25 juices created by mixing one of the five berry fruits investigated with five different base juice variants. A high content of polyphenols and anthocyanins characterises these mixes, especially those based on pomegranate. Independently of the added berry fruit, the most successful recipes were the mixes with pineapple and blood orange, characterised by a ‘balanced’ proportion of sweet and sour components whereas the least appreciated were those based on pomegranate. Consumer habits and opinions were also recorded and consumer groups were identified by clustering variables: age, education and juice consumption were shown to be important factors in consumer choice.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a useful insight into production and marketing strategies for a new juice line that could be accompanied by the key message: ‘Just fresh fruit: all the pleasure and nutritional intake of fresh fruit in an appealing drink’. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Debulking surgery for incompletely operated advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Gultekin Murat , Dursun Polat , Doğan Nasuh U. , Kolusari Ali , Yuce Kunter , Ayhan Ali 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere is still no any data about the role of re‐operation and re‐debulking in previously incompletely operated advanced staged patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). In this study, the authors aimed to analyze the effect of an incomplete primary surgery on patient prognosis.MethodsClinicopathological variables of 317 advanced staged EOC patients were retrospectively collected.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients had an initial incomplete surgery and referred to our center for debulking while remaining 288 had undergone primary debulking surgery at our institution. Comparison of the two groups with respect to clinicopathological variables could not reveal significant difference. Median survival was 3.24 years for re‐operated patients while it was 2.07 years for patients who had undergone primary debulking surgery. Upon multivariate analysis, final optimal debulking, tumor grade and a history of an incomplete surgery before the final debulking were the significant prognosticators. A subgroup analysis of re‐staged patients could not reveal a significant role for either the type or the time interval between the operations.ConclusionA history of an incomplete primary surgery does not seem to adversely affect patient prognosis and the optimal cytoreductive success achieved in final debulking surgery is still the most important prognostic factor. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:258–260. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinicopathological aspects and prognostic value with respect to age: An analysis of 3,362 consecutive gastric cancer patients
Authors: Park Jun Chul , Lee Yong Chan , Kim Jie‐Hyun , Kim Yu Jin , Lee Sang Kil , Hyung Woo Jin , Noh Sung Hoon , Kim Choong Bai 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSeveral studies have reported controversial results about clinicopathological features and prognoses in gastric cancer patients with respect to age, partly due to variable definitions of young age and inhomogeneity of the patient population. The aim of study was to analyze clinicopathological features and prognostic value of all stages of gastric cancer in a large consecutive series.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2005, 3,362 patients with all stages of gastric cancer were enrolled in database. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 (≤45), group 2 (46–70), and group 3 (≥71).ResultsUpper location and linitis plastica were more frequent in group 1. Young patients had a higher proportion of poorly differentiated and signet ring cell type with elevated CA19‐9 level. Depressed type was more frequent in early gastric cancer (EGC) while Bormann type IV and Lauren diffuse type were more common in AGC in group 1. In curatively resected patients, a 5‐year survival rate was significantly higher in group 1 than older groups. Stage, vein invasion, curative resection, and CA19‐9 level were significant prognostic factors in all gastric cancer.ConclusionsClinicopathological features associated with young gastric cancer include upper location, linitis plastica, histopathologically diffuse type, and unresectability. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:395–401. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Purification of alkaloids from Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang using preparative 2‐D HPLC
Authors: Zhang Jing , Jin Yu , Liu Yanfang , Xiao Yuansheng , Feng Jiatao , Xue Xingya , Zhang Xiuli , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwo‐dimensional preparative multi‐channel parallel high performance liquid chromatography was successfully applied for the first time to isolate and purify alkaloids from Corydalis yanhusuo. The experiments were performed in off‐line mode using the same preparative chromatographic column with pH 3.5 in the first and pH 10.0 in the second separation dimension. In the preparative process, UV‐triggered fraction collection was used in the first dimension while UV and MS‐triggered collection were used in the second dimension for reasons of sensitivity and complementarity. Two pure compounds and nine fractions were obtained in the first dimension. Then two representative fractions were further purified in the second dimension and six pure compounds were obtained. The results demonstrated that this procedure is an effective approach for the preparative isolation and purification of alkaloids from Corydalis yanhusuo. Based on the different pH values of the mobile phase in this method, it is also suitable for the preparative isolation and purification of other compounds from TCMs which are sensitive to the pH of the solutions. Moreover, this method will be a promising tool for the purification of low content compounds from natural products.
Pulpal effects of enamel ablation with a microsecond pulsed λ = 9.3‐µm CO2 laser
Authors: Staninec Michal , Darling Cynthia L. , Goodis Harold E. , Pierre Daniel , Cox Darren P. , Fan Kenneth , Larson Michael , Parisi Renaldo , Hsu Dennis , Manesh Saman K. , Ho Chi , Hosseini Mehran , Fried Daniel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn vitro studies have shown that CO2 lasers operating at the highly absorbed 9.3 and 9.6‐µm wavelengths with a pulse duration in the range of 10–20‐microsecond are well suited for the efficient ablation of enamel and dentin with minimal peripheral thermal damage. Even though these CO2 lasers are highly promising, they have yet to receive FDA approval. Clinical studies are necessary to determine if excessive heat deposition in the tooth may have any detrimental pulpal effects, particularly at higher ablative fluencies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pulpal safety of laser irradiation of tooth occlusal surfaces under the conditions required for small conservative preparations confined to enamel.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTest subjects requiring removal of third molar teeth were recruited and teeth scheduled for extraction were irradiated using a pulsed CO2 laser at a wavelength of 9.3 µm operating at 25 or 50 Hz using a incident fluence of 20 J/cm2 for a total of 3,000 laser pulses (36 J) for both rates with water cooling. Two control groups were used, one with no treatment and one with a small cut made with a conventional high‐speed hand‐piece. No anesthetic was used for any of the procedures and tooth vitality was evaluated prior to treatment by heat, cold and electrical testing. Short term effects were observed on teeth extracted within 72 hours after treatment and long term effects were observed on teeth extracted 90 days after treatment. The pulps of the teeth were fixed with formalin immediately after extraction and subjected to histological examination. Additionally, micro‐thermocouple measurements were used to estimate the potential temperature rise in the pulp chamber of extracted teeth employing the same irradiation conditions used in vivo.ResultsPulpal thermocouple measurements showed the internal temperature rise in the tooth was within safe limits, 3.3±1.4°C without water cooling versus 1.7±1.6°C with water‐cooling, n = 25, P<0.05. None of the control or treatment groups showed any deleterious effects on pulpal tissues and none of the 29 test‐subjects felt pain or discomfort after the procedure. Only two test‐subjects felt discomfort from “cold sensitivity” during the procedure caused by the water‐spray.ConclusionIt appears that this CO2 laser can ablate enamel safely without harming the pulp under the rate of energy deposition employed in this study. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:256–263, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dermal scatter reduction in human skin: A method using controlled application of glycerol
Authors: Fox Matthew A. , Diven Dayna G. , Sra Karen , Boretsky Adam , Poonawalla Tasneem , Readinger Allison , Motamedi Massoud , McNichols Roger J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePrevious studies in a hairless Guinea pig model showed that transdermal application of glycerol effected a temporary reduction in dermal scatter of light. This study focuses on the application of this protocol on human patients.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAfter stratum corneal removal, glycerol was applied to human subjects using a low pressure transdermal application device. Optical coherence tomography imaging showed increased intensity of radiation reaching deeper regions in the skin and photographs showed enhanced visualization of dermal structures.Results/ConclusionTopically applied glycerol increased light penetration of in vivo corneal‐stripped skin. This minimally invasive approach to temporary dermal scatter reduction has the potential to improve the efficacy of light‐based diagnostic or therapeutic devices. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:251–255, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclooxygenase‐2Gly587Arg variant is associated with differential enzymatic activity and risk of esophageal squamous‐cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Dan , Zhang Xuemei , Guo Yongli , Tan Wen , Lin Dongxin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFunctional SNPs in theCOX‐2promoter region have been associated with susceptibility to esophageal squamous‐cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we investigated SNPs in theCOX‐2coding region and their impact on risk of ESCC. The coding region ofCOX‐2in DNAs from 30 Han Chinese individuals was sequenced to identify SNPs. Different coding region variants identified were cloned and expressed in MCE‐7 cells for the measurement of COX‐2 enzymatic activity. Genotypes were determined by PCR‐RFLP in 1026 patients with ESCC and 1270 controls and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed by logistic regression model. A SNP at exon 10 (1759G>A, rs3218625) was identified, which causes587Gly to587Arg amino acid substitution. Enzymatic assays using different recombinant COX‐2 variants showed that COX‐2‐587Arg had significantly higher activity towards arachidonic acid than COX‐2‐587Gly (13.8 ± 3.2 U/mg vs. 11.2 ± 2.4 U/mg;P = 0.012). Case–control analysis showed that 10.2% of ESCC patients carried the 1759A allele whereas only 5.4% of controls had this allele (P < 0.0001). No homozygous 1759AA genotype was presented in controls albeit two patients carrying this genotype. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects with at least one 1759A allele had increased risk for the development of ESCC (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.39–2.62) compared with those with the 1759GG genotype. These results extend our previous findings and indicate that inherited variant in arachidonic acid‐metabolizing enzyme, which results in heightened enzymatic activity, may confer susceptibility to ESCC. Mol. Carcinog. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The feasibility of recording blink reflexes under general anesthesia
Authors: Deletis Vedran , Urriza Javier , Ulkatan Sedat , Fernandez‐Conejero Isabel , Lesser Jonathan , Misita David 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUntil now, there have been no reports on eliciting the blink reflex (BR) during anesthesia at a depth compatible with surgery. We introduce a novel method for eliciting the R1 component of the BR under inhalation or total intravenous anesthesia by using a short train of four to seven stimuli applied over the supraorbital nerve. Recording is done from the ipsilateral orbicularis oculi muscle. We set out to record the BR in 27 patients (age 1–78 years) without involvement of the facial nerve, trigeminal nerve, or brainstem. The BR could not be recorded in only 4 patients (recordability: 86.2%). All patients received at least one bolus of propofol while in surgery. Using this method, the BR was recorded on 4 awake healthy subjects. Boluses of propofol and muscle relaxants should be avoided in order to successfully record the responses. BR recording is feasible in patients under general anesthesia by using this novel technique. Muscle Nerve 39: 642–646, 2009
National dementia strategy could force rethink about resourcing
Authors: Walton Ian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractI welcome the Department of Health's National Dementia strategy.1 It rightly encourages early diagnosis in dementia and potetially the identification of a huge number of patients currently not recognised as having dementia. It should, by doing so, bring to attention the severe lack of resources for dementia patients and their carers and start to force the introduction of adequate services for a very needy and under‐resourced group. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Medicine taking behaviour in depression – part 2
Authors: Feetam Celia 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMedicine taking behaviour in depression is erratic, resulting in poor outcomes and increased cost to society.Indeed,the illness itself has been shown to be a risk factor for poor adherence.The first article of this two‐part series (Progress issue 1, 2009) explored poor adherence with antidepressant treatment and effect on outcome. In this article treatment variables that may affect adherence are explored alongside some of the interventions that have been proposed to improve medicine taking behaviour in patients with depression.The effect these had on outcome is examined and recommendations, based on current evidence, are made as to what should be done to improve adherence in depression. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Theoretical description of time‐resolved pump/probe photoemission in TaS2: a single‐band DFT+DMFT(NRG) study within the quasiequilibrium approximation
Authors: Freericks J. K. , Krishnamurthy H. R. , Ge Yizhi , Liu A. Y. , Pruschke Th. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this work, we theoretically examine recent pump/probe photoemission experiments on the strongly correlated charge‐density‐wave insulator TaS2.We describe the general nonequilibrium many‐body formulation of time‐resolved photoemission in the sudden approximation, and then solve the problem using dynamical mean‐field theory with the numerical renormalization group and a bare density of states calculated from density functional theory including the charge‐density‐wave distortion of the ion cores and spin‐orbit coupling.We find a number of interesting results: (i) the bare band structure actually has more dispersion in the perpendicular direction than in the two‐dimensional planes; (ii) the DMFT approach can produce upper and lower Hubbard bands that resemble those in the experiment, but the upper bands will overlap in energy with other higher energy bands; (iii) the effect of the finite width of the probe pulse is minimal on the shape of the photoemission spectra; and (iv) the quasiequilibrium approximation does not fully describe the behavior in this system (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A three‐dimensional Brownian motor, realised with symmetric optical lattices
Authors: Kastberg Anders , Dion Claude M. , Hagman Henning , Zelán Martin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA three‐dimensional Brownian motor is realised using lasercooled caesium atoms trapped in a system of two static, and individually symmetric, optical lattices; a so‐called double optical lattice. Isotropic fluctuations, emanating from light scattering, are rectified, and the diffusion of the ensemble of atoms is biased, with a resulting constant velocity that is controllable both in direction and magnitude. The working principle of the Brownian motor can be seen as a pulsation between two different potentials, both symmetric but around different points. The correlation between interferometric spatial offsets, and imbalance in optical pumping rates, leads to a spatio‐temporal asymmetry sufficient for generating a controlled, directed motion (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Monte Carlo study of the Falicov–Kimball model: implementation of the histogram method
Authors: Wróbel Maciej , Małczak Mateusz , Mierzejewski Marcin , Maśka Maciej M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe show that the histogram method that is widely used in the Monte Carlo simulations for the Ising model, can also be implemented in the simulations carried out for the Falicov–Kimball model. We estimate the systematic errors arising from application of this method and discuss the regimes of model parameters, where these errors are minimal. We apply the histogram method for determining the transition temperature and demonstrate significant advantages over standard simulations (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantum metamaterials: Electromagnetic waves in Josephson qubit lines
Authors: Zagoskin A. M. , Rakhmanov A. L. , Savel'ev Sergey , Nori Franco 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe consider the propagation of a classical electromagnetic wave through a transmission line, formed by identical superconducting charge qubits inside a superconducting resonator. Since the qubits can be in a coherent superposition of quantum states, we show that such a system demonstrates interesting new effects, such as a “breathing” photonic crystal with an oscillating bandgap. Similar behaviour is expected from a transmission line formed by flux qubits. The key ingredient of these effects is that the optical properties of the Josephson transmission line are controlled by the quantum coherent state of the qubits (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Layer‐by‐layer fabrication of hierarchical structures in sol–gel templated thin titania films
Authors: Perlich J. , Memesa M. , Diethert A. , Metwalli E. , Wang W. , Roth S. V. , Timmann A. , Gutmann J. S. , Müller‐Buschbaum P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe fabrication of titania nanostructures with hierarchical order of different structural levels is investigated. The nanostructures are prepared with a diblock‐copolymer assisted sol–gel process. By iterative spin‐coating of the solution onto silicon substrates a thin polymer‐nanocomposite film is deposited and transformed to purely anatase titania nanostructures via calcination. In total, this procedure is repeated three times on top of the substrate. The approach is monitored with grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering after each fabrication step. With scanning electron microscopy the final hierarchical structure is imaged. From the characterization different structural levels are clearly identified.magnified imagePreparation of small titania nanogranules on top of much larger sol–gel templated titania granules.(© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Implementation of community‐based landslide hazard mitigation measures: the role of stakeholder engagement in ‘sustainable’ project scale‐up
Authors: Holcombe Elizabeth A. , Anderson Malcolm G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRainfall‐triggered landslides present a major hazard to unplanned communities in tropical developing countries. We describe the MoSSaiC methodology (Management of Slope Stability in Communities) and show that landslide hazard can be reduced if tackled at the appropriate spatial and institutional scales. Stakeholder engagement – from communities to governments and funding agencies – has enabled the implementation of ‘on the ground’ construction to effectively reduce landslide hazard. Specifically, a cross‐agency management team liaised closely with the local social intervention fund, community project committees and individual residents to map the highly localized landside triggers and to design and build appropriate mitigation measures. Institutional, political and financial cycles can potentially act to destabilize such community‐based development initiatives. However, implementation of this approach in the Caribbean is shown to have reduced landslide hazard, whilst simultaneously gaining significant support from all stakeholders. The methodology outlined is an innovative and effective alternative to conventional ‘top‐down’ landslide risk reduction approaches. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Too much love in the neighborhood can hurt: how an excess of intensity and trust in relationships may produce negative effects on firms
Authors: Molina‐Morales F. Xavier , Martínez‐Fernández M. Teresa 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study aims to provide a better understanding of the effect of social networks on innovation through the analysis of territorial agglomerations of firms. Critical voices argue that the same mechanisms that form the basis of efficient, continuous improvements of clustered firms can also be considered as limitations. We suggest that the impact of social capital decreases beyond a certain point of development. In fact, the effect of social interactions and trust on firm value creation can be described as an inverted U‐shaped curve. The study is based on a sample of 154 firms in the Valencia region of Spain. Implications of the study have relevant prescriptions for regional planners and individual entrepreneurs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.