bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das Leben als Zerrbild eines gespiegelten Ichs. Die emotionale Welt von Dostojewskis Mann im Untergrund
Authors: Gebauer Gunter 
Published: November 2010

Zusammenfassung
In Dostojewskis Novelle Aufzeichnungen aus dem Untergrund wird aus der Sicht des Protagonisten ein zutiefst emotional geprägtes Weltbild geschildert. Mit der  scheinbar freimütigen  Darstellung der hassenswerten Beschaffenheit seiner Welt konstruiert sich der Ich-Erzähler als ein ganz bestimmtes Subjekt  als ein Mensch des Ressentiments. Aus offenkundiger Schwäche wählt er besonders starke Persönlichkeiten zu seinen Vorbildern und versucht, sich als ihr Rivale aufzubauen, was ihm vollkommen misslingt: Er wird von ihnen nicht einmal wahrgenommen. Dies ist die Erzählstrategie im ersten Teil der Novelle. Im zweiten Teil münzt der Protagonist seine innere Leere und Haltlosigkeit in den Habitus eines überlegenen Künstlers um, der auf die schlechte Welt mit Zynismus reagiert. Wenn man beide Teile der Erzählung miteinander in Beziehung setzt, stellt sich die  gewollt  emotionale Schreibweise des ersten Teils als eine Poesie der Gemeinheit heraus. Es wird deutlich, dass sie aus der Unfähigkeit zu leben und überhaupt zu empfinden entstanden ist.
Die Flüssigkeit des Worts. Verführungen einer poetologischen Metapher
Authors: Witte Georg 
Published: November 2010

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem metaphorischen Feld der Verflüssigung. Im besonderen wird die Faszinationskraft dieser Metapher für emphatische Bestimmungen von Form und Medium der Poesie thematisiert. Dies wird im zweiten Teil des Aufsatzes an einem konkreten poetischer Gegenstand interpretiert. Es handelt sich um Gedichte eines zeitgenössischen Autors aus St. Petersburg, Arkadij Dragomočenko. Trotz nahe liegender Assoziationen (Petersburg als Wasserstadt) geht es aber nicht um die Motivtradition des Petersburger Texts. Die Rede von der Fluidität soll vielmehr als poetologische Metapher, d.h. als Bilderangebot für eine spezifische Konzeption der Semiose des poetischen Worts untersucht werden. Als allgemeinste Prämisse lässt sich behaupten: Wenn sich poetische Praxis und poetische Programmatik in Flüssigkeitsmetaphern definiert, dann hinsichtlich einer postulierten Dynamik, Flexibiltät, Weichheit der Sinnbildung, einer Unterspülung fixierter symbolischer Ordnungen, einer sinnlichen Affizierung der Schreibenden und Lesenden als Aufweichung von perzeptiven Verstockungen, als Eintauchen in Lebens- und Materieströme.
Die Erkundung der Linie. Ferraters Jardín botanicó de Barcelona als Konzeption einer Landschaft in und aus Bewegung
Authors: Hofmann Franck 
Published: November 2010

Zusammenfassung
Der von Carlos Ferrater entworfene Botanische Garten Barcelona steht exemplarisch für eine zeitgenössische Landschaftsgestaltung, in der Dimensionen von Bewegung gegenüber einem visuellen Paradigma an Gewicht gewinnen. Die an diesem Beispiel diskutierte Konzeption einer Landschaft als Bewegungszusammenhang kann als kritische Fortsetzung des modernen Urbanismus Le Corbusiers interpretiert werden. Ihr Emblem ist ein von diesem ausgezeichnetes Infrastrukturbauwerk der Antike: die Pont du Gard.
Human Gestures between Power and Action
Authors: Gubbay Daniel Blanga 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to define the act itself of making gestures in its implication for human condition. Departing from Johann Jakob Engel′s definition of gestures as movements toward real external objects, the first part of this paper defines objects as everything opposed to the subject or to the present condition of the body, in line with Sartre and the epistemological tradition. The second part then investigates the relation of gesture with its possibilities to reach objects, that is, its ability to be concrete actions as well. Starting from biblical image of the sacrifice of Isaac, gesture is defined as the rejection of being an action, in order to be ascribed to the Aristotelian category of power. Hence, gesture is what makes us perceive both the present condition of human body and its possibilities.
Über die Gestensprache zur Sprachgeste. Wittgenstein und die Konsequenzen seines alternativen Kommunikationsmodells
Authors: Goppelsröder Fabian 
Published: November 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die alte Frage nach dem Verhältnis von Wortsprache und Geste hat über die letzten Jahrzehnte an philosophischer Brisanz noch einmal gewonnen. Insbesondere im Zusammenhang der sogenannten Bildwissenschaften, der Entwicklung einer modalen Linguistik und der wichtiger werdenden Medienphilosophie wurde sie in einer Weise gestellt, welche die Geste nicht mehr lediglich als rhetorische Zutat oder gar schlicht als Verlängerung der Wortsprache ansieht. Muss man nicht viel eher umgekehrt die Wortsprache von der Geste her denken, um das Phänomen Sprache wirklich zu verstehen?
Ludwig Wittgensteins Spielvorstellung von Sprache ist solch ein grundlegend von der Geste her gedachtes Sprachmodell. ,Die Geste' wird zum Katalysator seiner Spätphilosophie, zur Figur, durch die sich sein spätes Denken entfaltet. Alle entscheidenden Verschiebungen vom Tractatus zu den Philosophischen Untersuchungen sind an sie gebunden: die Hinwendung zur ordinary language, die Aufgabe des Projekts eines geschlossenen Systems der Sprache und damit die philosophische Rehabilitierung des Vagen, die Substitution der Definition durch das Konzept der Familienähnlichkeit. Insbesondere aber auch der Wandel seiner Denk- und Schreibweise, seiner philosophischen Praxis ist in diesem Kontext zu sehen.
Der vorliegende Text versucht, die Zusammenhänge von Gestensprache und Sprachgeste in einer ersten Annäherung deutlicher zu machen.
Der Extremsport im Lichte von Kants Theorie des Erhabenen
Authors: Schnell Holger Jens 
Published: November 2010

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag knüpft an die moderne Popularität von Extremsportarten an und bringt einen wiederkehrenden Erlebnisaspekt des Extremsports mit Immanuel Kants Theorie des Erhabenen in Zusammenhang. Der Nervenkitzel der Extremsportler, so die These, lässt sich in seiner spezifischen, lustvoll empfundenen Ambivalenz durch Kants Analyse der Gemütsbewegung des Erhabenen strukturell erklären und in einen weiteren ästhetischen Kontext der Naturerfahrung stellen. Ferner geht der Beitrag den Implikationen für die Frage nach der Attraktivität von Extremsportarten, für die Rolle von Imagination, Technik und Sicherheit sowie die Motive der Naturbezwingung und des sportlichen Grenzgängertums nach.
Association between thyroid function tests at baseline and the outcome of patients with sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review
Authors: Angelousi Anna G , Karageorgopoulos Drosos E , Kapaskelis Anastasios M , Falagas Matthew E 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIntroductionThe severity of critical illness is associated with various patterns of thyroid hormone abnormalities. We sought to evaluate whether the outcome of patients with, specifically, sepsis or septic shock is associated with the thyroid function tests evaluated at diagnosis or admission in the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsWe performed a systematic review of relevant studies by searching PubMed.ResultsWe included nine studies that all had a prospective cohort design. Seven involved children or neonates, and two involved adults. Mortality was the outcome evaluated in eight studies, while the length of ICU stay was evaluated in the remaining study. In univariate analysis, six of the nine included studies showed that either, free or total, triiodothyronine or thyroxine was lower in the group of patients with sepsis or septic shock who had unfavorable outcome than in those who had favorable outcome. Two other studies showed higher TSH values in the group of patients with unfavorable outcome. No significant relevant findings were observed in the remaining study. Regarding the correlation of sepsis prognostic scoring systems with thyroid function tests, the three studies that provided specific relevant data showed variable findings.DiscussionMost of the relevant studies identified favor the concept that decreased thyroid function at baseline might be associated with a worse outcome of patients with sepsis or septic shock. Although these findings are not consistent, the role of thyroid function in affecting or merely predicting the outcome of sepsis or septic shock merits further investigation.
Beta cell function after weight loss: a clinical trial comparing gastric bypass surgery and intensive lifestyle intervention
Authors: Hofsø D , Jenssen T , Bollerslev J , Ueland T , Godang K , Stumvoll M , Sandbu R , Røislien J , Hjelmesæth J 
Published: November 2010

ObjectiveThe effects of various weight loss strategies on pancreatic beta cell function remain unclear. We aimed to compare the effect of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) on beta cell function.DesignOne year controlled clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00273104).MethodsOne hundred and nineteen morbidly obese participants without known diabetes from the MOBIL study (mean (s.d.) age 43.6 (10.8) years, body mass index (BMI) 45.5 (5.6) kg/m2, 84 women) were allocated to RYGB (n=64) or ILI (n=55). The patients underwent repeated oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and were categorised as having either normal (NGT) or abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT). Twenty-nine normal-weight subjects with NGT (age 42.6 (8.7) years, BMI 22.6 (1.5) kg/m2, 19 women) served as controls. OGTT-based indices of beta cell function were calculated.ResultsOne year weight reduction was 30 % (8) after RYGB and 9 % (10) after ILI (P<0.001). Disposition index (DI) increased in all treatment groups (all P<0.05), although more in the surgery groups (both P<0.001). Stimulated proinsulin-to-insulin (PI/I) ratio decreased in both surgery groups (both P<0.001), but to a greater extent in the surgery group with AGT at baseline (P<0.001). Post surgery, patients with NGT at baseline had higher DI and lower stimulated PI/I ratio than controls (both P<0.027).ConclusionsGastric bypass surgery improved beta cell function to a significantly greater extent than ILI. Supra-physiological insulin secretion and proinsulin processing may indicate excessive beta cell function after gastric bypass surgery.
Antagonistic Interactions Between the cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase and Tor Signaling Pathways Modulate Cell Growth inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ramachandran Vidhya , Herman Paul K 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEukaryotic cells integrate information from multiple sources to respond appropriately to changes in the environment. Here, we examined the relationship between two signaling pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are essential for the coordination of cell growth with nutrient availability. These pathways involve the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and Tor proteins, respectively. Although these pathways control a similar set of processes important for growth, it was not clear how their activities were integrated in vivo. The experiments here examined this coordination and, in particular, tested whether the PKA pathway was primarily a downstream effector of the TORC1 signaling complex. Using a number of reporters for the PKA pathway, we found that the inhibition of TORC1 did not result in diminished PKA signaling activity. To the contrary, decreased TORC1 signaling was generally associated with elevated levels of PKA activity. Similarly, TORC1 activity appeared to increase in response to lower levels of PKA signaling. Consistent with these observations, we found that diminished PKA signaling partially suppressed the growth defects associated with decreased TORC1 activity. In all, these data suggested that the PKA and TORC1 pathways were functioning in parallel to promote cell growth and that each pathway might restrain, either directly or indirectly, the activity of the other. The potential significance of this antagonism for the regulation of cell growth and overall fitness is discussed.
Impact of Income and Income Inequality on Infant Health Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Olson Maren E. , Diekema Douglas , Elliott Barbara A. , Renier Colleen M. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVES:
The goal was to investigate the relationships of income and income inequality with neonatal and infant health outcomes in the United States.

METHODS:
The 2000–2004 state data were extracted from the Kids Count Data Center. Health indicators included proportion of preterm births (PTBs), proportion of infants with low birth weight (LBW), proportion of infants with very low birth weight (VLBW), and infant mortality rate (IMR). Income was evaluated on the basis of median family income and proportion of federal poverty levels; income inequality was measured by using the Gini coefficient. Pearson correlations evaluated associations between the proportion of children living in poverty and the health indicators. Linear regression evaluated predictive relationships between median household income, proportion of children living in poverty, and income inequality for the 4 health indicators.

RESULTS:
Median family income was negatively correlated with all birth outcomes (PTB, r = −0.481; LBW, r = −0.295; VLBW, r = −0.133; IMR, r = −0.432), and the Gini coefficient was positively correlated (PTB, r = 0.339; LBW, r = 0.398; VLBW, r = 0.460; IMR, r = 0.114). The Gini coefficient explained a significant proportion of the variance in rate for each outcome in linear regression models with median family income. Among children living in poverty, the role of income decreased as the degree of poverty decreased, whereas the role of income inequality increased.

CONCLUSIONS:
Both income and income inequality affect infant health outcomes in the United States. The health of the poorest infants was affected more by absolute wealth than relative wealth.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Lactobacillus GG in Children With Functional Abdominal Pain
Authors: Francavilla Ruggiero , Miniello Vito , Magistà Anna Maria , De Canio Angela , Bucci Nunzia , Gagliardi Francesca , Lionetti Elena , Castellaneta Stefania , Polimeno Lorenzo , Peccarisi Lucia , Indrio Flavia , Cavallo Luciano 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Our aim was to determine whether Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) relieves symptoms in children with recurrent abdominal pain.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A total of 141 children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional pain were enrolled in 9 primary care sites and a referral center. Children entered a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and received LGG or placebo for 8 weeks and entered follow-up for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was overall pain at the end of the intervention period. At entry and at the end of the trial, children underwent a double-sugar intestinal permeability test.

RESULTS:
Compared with baseline, LGG, but not placebo, caused a significant reduction of both frequency (P &lt; .01) and severity (P &lt; .01) of abdominal pain. These differences still were significant at the end of follow-up (P &lt; .02 and P &lt; .001, respectively). At week 12, treatment success was achieved in 48 children in the LGG group compared with 37 children in the placebo group (P &lt; .03); this difference still was present at the end of follow-up (P &lt; .03). At entry, 59% of the children had abnormal results from the intestinal permeability test; LGG, but not placebo, determined a significant decrease in the number of patients with abnormal results from the intestinal permeability testing (P &lt; .03). These effects mainly were in children with IBS.

CONCLUSIONS:
LGG significantly reduces the frequency and severity of abdominal pain in children with IBS; this effect is sustained and may be secondary to improvement of the gut barrier.
Trends in Cause-Specific Mortality at a Canadian Outborn NICU
Authors: Simpson Charles David Andrew , Ye Xiang Y. , Hellmann Jonathan , Tomlinson Chris 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE:
To retrospectively review changes in the causes of death of infants dying in the NICU at Canada's largest outborn pediatric center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
All inpatient deaths at the Hospital for Sick Children's NICU that occurred in the years 1997, 2002, and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed to identify the primary cause of death. Classification of the cause of death was based on a modified version of the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand's Neonatal Death Classification.

RESULTS:
The annual mortality rate remained relatively constant (average of 7.6 deaths per 100 admissions between 1988 and 2007). A total of 156 deaths were analyzed: 53 in 1997; 50 in 2002; and 53 in 2007. The chronological age at which premature infants died increased significantly over the 3 time periods (P = .01). The proportion of deaths attributable to extreme prematurity and intraventricular hemorrhage decreased over the study period, whereas the proportion of deaths attributed to gastrointestinal causes (specifically necrotizing enterocolitis and focal intestinal perforation) increased. The proportion of infants for whom there was a decision to limit care before death was stable at between 83% and 92%.

CONCLUSIONS:
A larger proportion of outborn premature infants admitted to the Hospital for Sick Children's NICU seem to be surviving the early problems of prematurity only to succumb to late complications.
120 Infrabony Defects Treated With Regenerative Therapy: Long‐Term Results
Authors: Silvestri Maurizio , Rasperini Giulio , Milani Stefano 
Published: November 2010

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the long‐term benefits of regenerative therapy and which factors (i.e., smoking, oral hygiene, radiographic angle, tooth, clinical center, and biomaterial) influence results.Methods: A total of 120 infrabony defects were treated with guided tissue regeneration using bioabsorbable and non‐resorbable membranes with grafts or enamel matrix derivative (EMD) proteins. At baseline, smoking, x‐ray angle, probing depth (PD), recession, and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. CAL was measured 1 year post‐surgery and every 2 years for ≤16 years. The participation of patients in oral hygiene protocols was recorded.Results: The mean ± SD baseline CAL was 8.5 ± 2.3 mm, baseline PD was 7.8 ± 2.1 mm, and baseline x‐ray angle was 31.8° ± 8.9°. One year post‐surgery, CAL gain was 4.1 ± 2.1 mm. EMD was used in 47 defects, bioabsorbable membranes with deproteinized bovine bone were used in 41 cases, non‐resorbable membranes were used in seven defects, bioabsorbable membranes and autogenous bone were used in five defects, and a combination was used in 20 defects. A total of 10% of subjects were smokers, and 20% of subjects did not participate in an oral hygiene program. The average follow‐up was 9 years. A total of 90% teeth survival was achieved at 13 years, and CAL gain was maintained at 82% for 11 years. Statistical analyses demonstrated that smoking and oral hygiene maintenance influenced long‐term outcomes. The x‐ray angle, tooth, clinical center, and biomaterials did not influence results.Conclusions: Regenerative therapy provided a high percentage of long‐term success. Smoking and non‐participation in oral hygiene maintenance negatively influenced the prognosis, whereas other factors did not affect long‐term results.
Use of Anorganic Bovine‐Derived Hydroxyapatite Matrix/Cell‐Binding Peptide (P‐15) in the Treatment Isolated Class I Gingival Recession of Defects: A Pilot Study
Authors: Nazareth Carlos A. , Cury Patricia R. 
Published: November 2010

Background: This study clinically evaluates the treatment outcome of coronally positioned flap (CPF) associated with anorganic bone mineral/peptide‐15 (ABM/P‐15) in terms of root coverage and gain in clinical attachment level (CAL) and bone height (BH) in isolated Class I gingival recession (GR) defects.Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects with bilateral and comparable Miller Class I GR defects were selected. The defects were randomly assigned either to the test group (CPF with ABM/P‐15) or to the control group (CPF only).Results: Six months after surgery, a reduction in GR was observed in the test and control groups (2.20 ± 0.54 and 2.40 ± 0.80 mm, respectively; P <0.001) with no intergroup difference (P = 0.33). Complete root coverage was obtained in 10 and 11 defects in the test and control groups, respectively. In the test group 85.56% ± 21.69% and in the control group 90.00% ± 18.42% of the exposed root was covered. Although not clinically significant, a statistically greater increase in the gingival thickness was observed in the test group (0.03 mm; P = 0.01). CAL gain was significant in both groups (test group, 1.93 ± 0.44 mm; control group, 2.13 ± 1.15 mm; P <0.001) with no intergroup difference (P = 0.42). Intergroup and intragroup differences in width of keratinized tissue and BH were not significant (P ≥0.16). In the test group, a positive correlation was observed between BH at baseline and the reduction in GR (r = 0.56; P = 0.03).Conclusions: In isolated Class I GR defects, CPF associated with ABM/P‐15 provided no significant difference in root coverage and CAL gain compared to CPF alone. In the ABM/P‐15 group, a greater reduction in GR was associated with higher bone level at baseline.
Effect of Surface Preparation on Bond Strength of Resin Luting Cements to Dentin
Authors: Peerzada F. , Yiu C. K. Y. , Hiraishi N. , Tay F. R. , King N. M. 
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance
For Panavia F2.0, higher bond strengths are achieved on dentin surfaces prepared with tungsten carbide bur. Proper bur selection is essential to optimize dentin adhesion of self-etch resin luting cements.
Protective Effect of Resin Coating on the Microleakage of Class V Restorations Following Treatment with Carbamide Peroxide In Vitro
Authors: Yu H. , Li Q. , Attin T. , Wang Y. 
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance
Carbamide peroxide treatment increased the microleakage of Class V conventional glass-ionomer cement and resin modified glass-ionomer cement restorations. The resin coating is an effective method to avoid bleaching-induced microleakage without affecting the bleaching outcome.
In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluations of Microleakage Around Class I Amalgam and Composite Restorations
Authors: Alptekin T. , Ozer F. , Unlu N. , Cobanoglu N. , Blatz M. B. 
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance
The lining of amalgam restorations showed no significant effect on microleakage around restoration margins. In vivo and in vitro evaluations confirmed that microleakage was higher in resin composite restorations than in amalgam.
Bond Strength Comparison of Amalgam Repair Protocols Using Resin Composite in Situations With and Without Dentin Exposure
Authors: Özcan M. , Schoonbeek G. , Gökçe B. , Çömlekoglu E. , Dündar M. 
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance
For reliable repair of amalgam restorations, including dentin fractures, the amalgam surface should first be silica coated; dentin/enamel should be etched, washed and rinsed thoroughly. Then, amalgam should be silanized and primer/bonding should be applied onto dentin.
Effect of Pre-heated Composites and Flowable Liners on Class II Gingival Margin Gap Formation
Authors: Sabatini C. , Blunck U. , Denehy G. , Munoz C. 
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance
The use of reduced viscosity composites, such as flowable and pre-heated resins, as the first increment in Class II preparations, did not improve gingival margin adaptation nor did it minimize gap formation at the dentin-composite interface.
Adhesive Quality of Self-adhesive and Conventional Adhesive Resin Cement to Y-TZP Ceramic Before and After Aging Conditions
Authors: Passos S. P. , May L. G. , Barca D. C. , Özcan M. , Bottino M. A. , Valandro L. F. 
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance
Chairside tribochemical silica coating and silanization on the YTZP surface appears to be essential to adhere this substrate to resin cements. Cleaning with isopropanol promotes weak and unstable resin adhesion.