bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral similarities in galaxies through an unsupervised classification of spaxels
Authors: Chambon H. J. , Fraix-Burnet D. 
Published: May 2024

Aims. We present the first unsupervised classification of spaxels in hyperspectral images of individual galaxies. Classes identify regions by spectral similarity and thus take all the information into account that is contained in the data cubes (spatial and spectral).
Methods. We used Gaussian mixture models in a latent discriminant subspace to find clusters of spaxels. The spectra were corrected for small-scale motions within the galaxy based on emission lines with an automatic algorithm. Our data consist of two MUSE/VLT data cubes of JKB 18 and NGC 1068 and one NIRSpec/JWST data cube of NGC 4151.
Results. Our classes identify many regions that are most often easily interpreted. Most of the 11 classes that we find for JKB 18 are identified as photoionised by stars. Some of them are known H II regions, but we mapped them as extended, with gradients of ionisation intensities. One compact structure has not been reported before, and according to diagnostic diagrams, it might be a planetary nebula or a denser H II region. For NGC 1068, our 16 classes are of active galactic nucleus-type (AGN) or star-forming regions. Their spatial distribution corresponds perfectly to well-known structures such as spiral arms and a ring with giant molecular clouds. A subclassification in the nuclear region reveals several structures and gradients in the AGN spectra. Our unsupervised classification of the MUSE data of NGC 1068 helps visualise the complex interaction of the AGN and the jet with the interstellar medium in a single map. The centre of NGC 4151 is very complex, but our classes can easily be related to ionisation cones, the jet, or H2 emission. We find a new elongated structure that is ionised by the AGN along the N-S axis perpendicular to the jet direction. It is rotated counterclockwise with respect to the axis of the H2 emission.
Conclusions. Our work shows that the unsupervised classification of spaxels takes full advantage of the richness of the information in the data cubes by presenting the spectral and spatial information in a combined and synthetic way.
Radar observation of the new λ-Sculptorid meteor shower
Authors: Janches D. , Bruzzone J. S. , Dawkins E. C. M. , Weryk R. , Carrillo Sanchez J. D. , Egal A. , Stober G. , Hormaechea J. L. , Vida D. , Brunini C. 
Published: May 2024

Context. 46P/Wirtanen is a near-Earth comet (NEC) and several previous modeling works had predicted it would produce a meteor shower for the first time on December 12, 2023.
Aims. We report the most comprehensive meteor radar observations of the λ-Sculptorid meteor shower produced by comet 46P/Wirtanen. These measurements are critical to constrain the mass distribution of the particles released by the comet as radars generally detect the smaller particle population of the shower.
Methods. We utilized observations with the Southern Argentina Agile Meteor Radar-Orbital System (SAAMER-OS) ideally located in the southern hemisphere to detect this shower. Since the shower was predicted to produce very slow meteors, we used the same methodology applied for the Arid meteor shower.
Results. As predicted, the shower peak was observed by SAAMER-OS on December 12, 2023 (λ0 = 259.73°) at 0900 UTC, with a Zenithal Hourly Rate (ZHR) peak value of ~2.5 m h−1. Most of the activity of the shower was observed during 2 h between 0730-0930 UTC. The observed mean radiant of the shower in Sun-centered ecliptic coordinates is located at λ − λ0 = 88.9° and β = −36.6°. Our results suggest that the particles detected by SAAMER-OS are in general larger than those for which thermal equilibrium can be assumed (>3 mg) in agreement with the conclusions of previous reports using video observations.
The Milky Way atlas for linear filaments
Authors: Wang Ke , Ge Yifei , Baug Tapas 
Published: May 2024

Context. Filamentary structure is important for the ISM and star formation. Galactic distribution of filaments may regulate the star formation rate in the Milky Way. However, interstellar filaments are intrinsically complex, making them difficult to study quantitatively.
Aims. Here we focus on linear filaments, the simplest morphology that can be treated as building blocks of any filamentary structure.
Methods. We present the first catalog of 42 straight-line filaments across the full Galactic plane, identified by clustering of far-IR Herschel HiGAL clumps in position–position–velocity space. We investigated the dynamics along the filaments using molecular line cubes, compared the filaments with Galactic spiral arms, and compared ambient magnetic fields with the filaments’ orientation.
Results. The selected filaments show extreme linearity (> 10), aspect ratio (7–48), and velocity coherence over a length of 3–40 pc (mostly > 10 pc). About one-third of them are associated with spiral arms, but only one is located in the arm center (known as the “skeleton” of the Milky Way). A few of them extend perpendicular to the Galactic plane, and none is located in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) near the Galactic center. Along the filaments, prevalent periodic oscillation (both in velocity and density) is consistent with gas flows channeled by the filaments and feeding the clumps that harbor diverse star formation activity. No correlation is found between the filament orientations with Planck measured global magnetic field lines.
Conclusions. This work highlights some of the fundamental properties of molecular filaments and provides a golden sample for follow-up studies on star formation, ISM structure, and Milky Way structure.
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network Guidance on Dementia: The Investigation of Suspected Dementia (SIGN 168) with Focus on Biomarkers—Executive Summary
Authors: Mackay Graham Andrew , Gall Claire , Jampana Ravi , Sleith Carolyn , Lip Gregory Y. H. ,   on behalf of the SIGN Dementia Guideline Development Group
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis is an executive summary of the recent guidance produced by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) dementia guideline group with regards to the investigation of suspected dementia. This is a sub-section of the broader SIGN 168 guideline released in November 2023. The guideline group included clinicians with expertise in Old Age Psychiatry, Neurology, Radiology, and Nuclear Medicine supported by colleagues from the SIGN and Healthcare Improvement Scotland teams. There was representation from carers and support organizations with experience of dementia, to ensure the recommendations were appropriate from the perspective of the people being assessed for possible dementia and their carers. As the 2018 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) dementia review included a review of the evidenced investigation of dementia, the SIGN guideline development group decided to focus on a review on the up-to-date evidence regarding the role of imaging and fluid biomarkers in the diagnosis of dementia. To give context to the consideration of more advanced diagnostic biomarker investigations, the guideline and this summary include the NICE guidance on the use of standard investigations as well as more specialist investigations. The evidence review supports consideration of the use of structural imaging, nuclear medicine imaging, and established Alzheimer's cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (amyloid and tau) in the diagnosis of dementia. Although routine use of amyloid positron emission tomography imaging was not recommended, its potential use, under specialist direction, in patients with atypical or young-onset presentations of suspected Alzheimer's dementia was included as a clinical good practice point.
Media framing on news of the Hartal Doktor Kontrak (HDK) movement in Malaysia: a quantitative content analysis of two Malaysian newspapers
Authors: Jinah Norehan , Lee Kun Yun , Zakaria Nor Haniza , Zakaria Nursyahda , Ismail Munirah 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHartal Doktor Kontrak (HDK) Movement first surfaced in June 2021 following prolonged dissatisfaction towards the contract appointment policy of medical doctors in Malaysia. On the 26th of July 2021, an unprecedented strike (Hartal) was organised by contract doctors across Malaysia. It generated major media attention. This study sought to evaluate how the HDK movement was framed in the mainstream media and to analyse the framing trend in conjunction with the chronology of HDK movement events. A total of 109 news articles in two major national newspapers were analysed from 1st June 2021 until 28th February 2022 using quantitative content analysis method. The five-dimension media frame (responsibility, human interest, conflict, morality, and economic consequences) by Semetko & Valkenburg was applied to determine the trend of media framing. MANOVA test was performed to scrutinise the differences in frame portrayal before and after Hartal. Overall, the responsibility frame was the most used (76.2%) both pre- and post-strike, with the most frequently highlighted items being solutions to the HDK issue and the roles played by the government. The human interest frame and conflict frame followed next, with at least one item of each frame being featured in 33.0 and 32.1% of all news articles. Despite more news articles published post-strike, the aggregate mean scores of all the frames were higher during the pre-strike period, demonstrating how media framing in the earlier period significantly affected the subsequent events of the HDK movement and its impact on the contract appointment policy. In this case, media framing set an agenda for stakeholders to implement necessary policy changes to prevent subsequent strikes and to seek long-term solutions. Lastly, this study presents a novel approach to evaluating certain controversial matters that may not be suitably addressed by the conventional research method such as primary quantitative data collection or qualitative interviews.
The static welfare claimant vs. the dynamic migrant
Authors: Daly John Scott 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe study analyses YouTube comments attached to an episode ofBenefits Street(a British factual welfare television programme) which enregister two figures of personhood: “The static, unmotivated British benefits claimant” and “the dynamic, driven migrant”. UsingPark’s (2021)critical heuristic of time, space and affect, the study finds that the welfare claimant figure is constructed as a social failure, and the migrant as both a yardstick (to measure the failure) and a rattan stick (to punish it). The key factor is mobility: The migrant experiences social mobility via mental mobility (i.e., motivation) and spatial mobility (i.e., travelling for opportunities). The welfare claimant’s lack of mental and spatial mobility prevents their social mobility. Ultimately, the paper argues that contrasting the figures represents an attack on rootedness and a celebration of neoliberal mobility based in ideals of meritocracy and the erasure of social class as a relevant construct.
Modus narrandi sceleris: Temporal shift in the crafting style of crime narratives
Authors: Poppi Fabio Indìo Massimo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study contributes to a methodological debate within narrative studies, emerging from the specific context of
narrative criminology. It examines the evolution of storytelling styles, focusing on how the narrative selection process shapes a
narrative, thereby revealing both the origins of narratives and their capacity to offer critical insights into the narrator’s
perspective. This research specifically investigates the change of how narratives about the same events or topics, as recounted by
two different individuals, change over time in terms of their narrative construction. Focusing on crime narratives provided by two
participants – a drug dealer and a gangmaster – first in 2019 and again in 2023, the study demonstrates how these narratives not
only evolve in structural complexity but also incorporate more sophisticated elements that highlight the narrators’ agency,
rationalize or justify their criminal actions, or depict complex criminal identities. The findings underscore the potent
methodological contributions this approach can make to narrative criminology, offering new insights into criminal behavior and
dynamics that might not be as apparent in single-time-point interviews. This approach thus enriches the broader narrative studies
discourse by applying its techniques and insights to the unique challenges and structures of criminal narratives.
Quantum walk of two particles on the graphene structure graph with interaction
Authors: Han Qi , Bai Ning , Gou Lijie , Wang Shuai , Zhang Rong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the quantum walk of two interacting particles on graphene structure graph. Based on the localized graphene structure graph, we get three cases for the position of the two particles, that is ∂(i, j) = 0, ∂(i, j) = 1, and ∂(i, j) = 2. Subsequently, we investigate the quantum walk of two interacting particles from a new perspective, namely, based on the view of quantum probability, a localized quantum decomposition was used to get the corresponding creation operators and annihilation operators for the first time. Finally, we get the Hamiltonian and the time evolution operator of two interacting particles on the graphene structure graph.
Contribution of individual phonon to the band gap renormalization in semiconductors
Authors: Kumar Kailash , Rambadey Omkar V , Sagdeo Pankaj R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Understanding the origin of temperature-dependent bandgap in semiconductors is essential for their applications in photovoltaics, optoelectronic and space applications. In this regard the electron–phonon coupling is known to play a crucial role in the temperature dependence of the bandgap of semiconductors. Several models have also been proposed in this regard which are also found experimentally compatible; however, these models need to account for more information about the contribution of individual modes in band gap renormalization. The present report is an analytical attempt to do so by utilizing the Bose–Einstein oscillator model, thereby discussing a method for finding the individual renormalization term contributed by respective phonon modes to the overall bandgap. This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of the temperature variation of optical properties of semiconductors that correlates with the role of electron–phonon interaction.
Modification of PEDOT:PSS thin film properties using pyridine-based solid additive for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Abubaker Shawbo Abdulsamad , Pakhuruddin Mohd Zamir 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most promising hole transport layers that is widely used in high-performance optoelectronic devices. However, the hygroscopic nature and acidity of PEDOT:PSS is known to cause degradation in devices and decrease their performance. In this study, a new pyridine solid additive, 2,3-dihydropyridine (2,3-DHP) was incorporated into the PEDOT:PSS solution to improve its characteristics. A low-temperature solution-based spin-coating device was utilized to produce the thin films. From the results, the PEDOT:PSS@2,3-DHP (1 wt%) exhibited excellent optical characteristics. It also provided informative and controlled morphology when it was annealed at 100 °C, suggesting that PEDOT:PSS@2,3-DHP has a potential advantage in photovoltaic (PV) devices. Moreover, in the photodetection experiment utilizing LED of 380 nm, PEDOT:PSS@2,3-DHP showed a higher photocurrent response when compared with pristine PEDOT:PSS. It also significantly reduced sheet resistance and achieved superior electrical conductivity. Interaction between the 2,3-DHP, PEDOT, and PSS chains altered the mechanical properties of the PEDOT:PSS, leading to the modification in structural and electrical characteristics. Overall, these findings highlight the importance and applicability of PEDOT:PSS@2,3-DHP in a wide range of optoelectronic devices.
Gradient-based adaptive neural network technique for two-dimensional local fractional elliptic PDEs
Authors: Jha Navnit , Mallik Ekansh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces gradient-based adaptive neural networks to solve local fractional elliptic partial differential equations. The impact of physics-informed neural networks helps to approximate elliptic partial differential equations governed by the physical process. The proposed technique employs learning the behaviour of complex systems based on input-output data, and automatic differentiation ensures accurate computation of gradient. The method computes the singularity-embedded local fractional partial derivative model on a Hausdorff metric, which otherwise halts the computation by available approximating numerical methods. This is possible because the new network is capable of updating the weight associated with loss terms depending on the solution domain and requirement of solution behaviour. The semi-positive definite character of the neural tangent kernel achieves the convergence of gradient-based adaptive neural networks. The importance of hyperparameters, namely the number of neurons and the learning rate, is shown by considering a stationary anomalous diffusion-convection model on a rectangular domain. The proposed method showcases the network’s ability to approximate solutions of various local fractional elliptic partial differential equations with varying fractal parameters.
Transport properties in ABC-ABA-ABC trilayer graphene junctions
Authors: El Mouhafid Abderrahim , Hassane Saley Mouhamadou , Jellal Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Trilayer graphene (TLG) consists of three layers of graphene arranged in a particular stacking order. In the case of ABC-ABA-ABC stacking, the layers are arranged in an A-B-C sequence, followed by an A-B-A sequence, and again an A-B-C sequence. This stacking arrangement introduces specific electronic properties and band structures due to the different stacking configurations. We focus on elucidating the transport properties of a p-n-p junction formed with ABC-ABA-ABC stacking TLG. Employing the transfer matrix method and considering continuity conditions at the junction boundaries, we establish transmission and reflection probabilities, along with conductance. Notably, electron transport through the ABC-ABA-ABC junction exhibits Klein tunneling, resulting in substantial conductance even in the absence of a potential barrier V
0. This effect arises from the effective barrier induced by our specific stacking, facilitating the passage of a maximal number of electrons. However, the presence of V
0 diminishes Klein tunneling, leading to conductance minima. Furthermore, our findings highlight that interlayer bias δ induces a hybridization of the linear and parabolic bands of ABA-TLG within the junction, reducing resonances. In cases where δ ≠ 0 and V
0 ≠ 0, we observe a suppression of the gap, contrary to the results obtained in ABC tunneling studies where a gap exists.
Nonplanar ion acoustic waves in e-p-i plasmas with non-Maxwellian distributed electrons and positrons
Authors: Affan Hira , Ullah Shakir 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The process of propagation of cylindrical and spherical ion acoustic solitary waves in an electron, positron, and ion plasma system is studied. The electrons are considered to have the generalized (r, q) distribution, while the positrons are supposed to have the kappa distribution, also known as the Lorentzian distribution. The classic nonlinear equation, Korteweg de-Vries (KdV), has been numerically solved by employing appropriate mathematical transformations. The role of various plasma parameters and nonplanar geometry on the widths and amplitudes of nonlinear ion acoustic structures has been numerically investigated. The current study could be helpful to understand the significance of cylindrical and spherical solitary waves in laboratory, astrophysical as well as in space plasmas.
AtomTex: texture characterization software for atomic configurations
Authors: Zhang Gaofeng , He Lewei , Zhou Jian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A software named AtomTex has been developed for characterizing texture/orientation of atomic configurations. The software currently can generate orientation distribution functions, Miller indices, pole figures, inverse pole figures and angle-axis pairs between grains. Utilizing AtomTex, one can explicitly trace orientation evolution of a given atom, resembling an in situ probe with atomic scale resolution, which is expected to significantly deepen understanding how microstructure evolves upon various thermomechanical treatments.
Cell size and deformation measurement using constrictions integrated into a microfluidic device
Authors: Horade Mitsuhiro , Moriga Masatsugu , Murakami Shuichi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, we developed a microfluidic device to evaluate cell size and deformability. As a specific method, a physical pushing load was applied to the cells using a channel having a constriction with a height of 1 μm. In addition, by orienting the constriction in a vertical direction, it was possible to measure the cell area easily using a microscope under load. The system constructed in this study can evaluate the contact area between the cells and the glass surface before and after applying a load under a microscope. The only input parameter was the syringe flow rate, and it was possible to evaluate multiple cells in a cell suspension simultaneously. Also, since the flow rate is 50 μm min−1 or less, there is no need for a high-speed camera. This time, we evaluated cell types with different characteristics: NIH/3T3 and smooth muscle cells (SMC). To evaluate deformability, we focused on the circularity of the cells during load application. Due to the influence of the flow within the channel, cells with high deformability assumed an almost elliptical shape and flowed through the constriction. Using the device developed in this study, we confirmed that SMCs, which are muscle cells, have large variations in cell size and hardness among individual cells. Finally, we discussed these results and possible future applications.