bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caenorhabditis elegans mitofilin homologs control the morphology of mitochondrial cristae and influence reproduction and physiology
Authors: Mun Ji Young , Lee Tae Hoon , Kim Ji Hui , Yoo Bum Ho , Bahk Young Yil , Koo Hyeon‐Sook , Han Sung Sik 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHuman mitofilin is a mitochondrial protein that controls cristae formation. Here, we investigated the role of the Caenorhabditis elegans mitofilin homologs, IMMT‐1 and ‐2, in reproduction, physiology, and mitochondrial cristae formation. Mutation of either immt‐1 or immt‐2 produced defects in germline development and egg‐laying. These defects were exacerbated by the double mutation, which greatly reduced motility, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, decreased mitochondrial mass, and imparted resistance to oxidative stress. Cryo‐electron microscopy and electron tomography revealed that each of the single mutations resulted in curved and stacked mitochondrial crista tubules as well as a reduced number of crista junctions. The immt‐2 mutation was also associated with the presence of outer mitochondrial membrane pores, which were larger in the double mutant. IMMT‐1 and IMMT‐2 proteins were localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane, as seen by immunoelectron microscopy, and they behaved as oligomers or large complexes with F1F0 ATP synthase in native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These findings suggest that the two C. elegans mitofilin isoforms have non‐overlapping functions in controlling mitochondrial cristae formation. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 748–756, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ex vivo organ culture of adipose tissue for in situ mobilization of adipose‐derived stem cells and defining the stem cell niche
Authors: Yang Young‐Il , Kim Hyeong‐In , Choi Min‐Young , Son Sung‐Hee , Seo Min‐Jeong , Seo Ji‐Yeon , Jang Won‐Hee , Youn Young‐Chul , Choi Kang‐Joo , Cheong Soon‐Ho , Shelby Jane 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn spite of the advances in the knowledge of adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs), in situ location of ASCs and the niche component of adipose tissue (AT) remain controversial due to the lack of an appropriate culture system. Here we describe a fibrin matrix‐supported three‐dimensional (3D) organ culture system for AT which sustains the ASC niche and allows for in situ mobilization and expansion of ASCs in vitro. AT fragments were completely encapsulated within the fibrin matrix and cultured under dynamic condition. The use of organ culture of AT resulted in a robust outgrowth and proliferation in the fibrin matrix. The outgrown cells were successfully recovered from fibrin by urokinase treatment. These outgrown cells fulfilled the criteria of mesenchymal stem cells, adherence to plastic, multilineage differentiation, and cell surface molecule expression. In vitro label retaining assay revealed that newly divided cells during the culture resided in interstitium between adipocytes and capillary endothelial cells. These interstitial stromal cells proliferated and outgrew into the fibrin matrix. Both in situ mobilized and outgrown cells expressed CD146 and α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA), but no endothelial cell markers (CD31 and CD34). The structural integrity and spatial approximation of CD31−/CD34−/CD146+/SMA+ interstitial stromal cells, adipocytes, and capillary endothelial cells were well preserved during in vitro culture. Our results suggest that ASCs are natively associated with the capillary wall and more specifically, belong to a subset of pericytes. Furthermore, organ culture of AT within a fibrin matrix‐supported 3D environment can recapitulate the ASC niche in vitro. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 807–816, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cigarette smoke condensate induces nuclear factor kappa‐b activity and proangiogenic growth factors in aerodigestive cells
Authors: Rohrer Joseph , Wuertz Beverly R. K. , Ondrey Frank 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Aerodigestive cancer risk of both lung and head and neck cancers has been linked to the genotoxic effects of tobacco use. These effects include upregulation of nuclear factor kappa‐B (NFκB) and its downstream products associated with both lung and head and neck cancer malignant progression.Study Design:Bench Research.Methods:In the present study we examined the effects of cigarette smoke condensate on functional activation of NFκB in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐transformed oral cavity cells (HOK 16B cells) and transformed bronchial epithelium (Beas2B cells) using the head and neck squamous cancer cell line, UMSCC 38, as a comparison. Luciferase reporter gene assays with two types of transiently transfected NFκB reporter genes were employed and downstream NFκB‐dependent products, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐8, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were assayed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results:All cell lines were able to dose dependently activate NFκB reporter genes after exposure to cigarette smoke condensate (P < .05). However, the HPV premalignant, transformed cell line had a much more robust NFκB response (3.45‐fold) versus the squamous cancer cell line (1.62‐fold) and SV40 transformed Beas2B (1.83). Both NFκB reporter genes had similar response curves.Conclusions:This study demonstrates cigarette smoke products might be more potent promoters of an NFκB‐dependent progression from HPV+ premalignancy to cancer rather than after tumors are established. Future studies should focus on abrogating NFκB increases during malignant progression and premalignancy. This might be even more relevant in the HPV+ patient with premalignancy. Laryngoscope, 2010
Reverse rotation flap for reconstruction of donor site after vascular pedicled nasoseptal flap in skull base surgery
Authors: Caicedo‐Granados Emiro , Carrau Ricardo , Snyderman Carl H. , Prevedello Daniel , Fernandez‐Miranda Juan , Gardner Paul , Kassam Amin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEndonasal skull base surgery is growing exponentially as a subspecialty. In recent years, advances in endoscopic techniques and intraoperative navigation systems have allowed us to expand the indications of endoscopic skull base surgery. Major skull base centers worldwide are addressing larger and more complex lesions using endoscopic techniques. As a consequence, the skull base defects are more challenging to reconstruct. In this report, we present a novel technique to reconstruct the denuded septum remaining after the use of the vascular pedicled nasoseptal flap. Laryngoscope, 2010
Injection versus medialization laryngoplasty for the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Vinson Kimberly N. , Zraick Richard I. , Ragland Felicia J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine whether injection laryngoplasty or medialization laryngoplasty is more effective in the long‐term treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP).Study Design:A retrospective study of patients with UFVP who underwent either injection or medialization laryngoplasty at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences between July 29, 2003 and November 18, 2005.Methods:The data analyzed included patient characteristics and type of intervention, along with the pretreatment and post‐treatment parameters of videostrobolaryngoscopy, perceptual voice analysis, and patients' subjective assessment of voice handicap.Results:Thirty‐four patients were evaluated, 15 new and 19 from a previous study. The average time from intervention to post‐treatment evaluation in the new cohort was 4.8 months (range, 1.5–10.5 months). The average time from intervention to post‐treatment in the combined cohort was 6.4 months (range, 1–24 months). Improvements were demonstrated in each of the measured voice parameters in both the injection and the medialization groups, and no significant differences were found in the degree of improvement between the two groups. Limited data on aerodynamic and acoustic voice measurements showed a trend toward improvement in each treatment group.Conclusions:Injection and medialization laryngoplasty were comparable in achieving voice improvement at the average long‐term follow‐up of 6 months. Laryngoscope, 2010
Anatomical differences between CBS‐corticobasal degeneration and CBS‐Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Josephs Keith A. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Boeve Bradley F. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Hu William T. , Parisi Joseph E. , Dickson Dennis W. , Jack Clifford R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe compare patterns of gray matter loss on MRI in subjects presenting as corticobasal syndrome (CBS) with Alzheimer disease pathology (CBS‐AD) to those presenting as CBS with corticobasal degeneration pathology (CBS‐CBD). Voxel‐based morphometry was used to compare patterns of gray matter loss in pathologically confirmed CBS‐AD subjects (n = 5) and CBS‐CBD subjects (n = 6) to a group of healthy controls (n = 20), and to each other. Atlas based parcellation using the automated anatomic labeling atlas was also utilized in a region‐of‐interest analysis to account for laterality. The CBS‐AD subjects were younger at the time of scan when compared with CBS‐CBD subjects (median: 60 years vs. 69; P = 0.04). After adjusting for age at time of MRI scan, the CBS‐AD subjects showed loss in posterior frontal, temporal, and superior and inferior parietal lobes, while CBS‐CBD showed more focal loss predominantly in the posterior frontal lobes when compared with controls. In both CBS‐AD and CBS‐CBD groups, there was basal ganglia volume loss, yet relative sparing of hippocampi. On direct comparisons between the two subject groups, CBS‐AD showed greater loss in both temporal and inferior parietal cortices than CBS‐CBD. No regions showed greater loss in the CBS‐CBD group compared to the CBS‐AD group. These findings persisted when laterality was taken into account. In subjects presenting with CBS, prominent temporoparietal, especially posterior temporal and inferior parietal, atrophy may be a clue to the presence of underlying AD pathology. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Chronic deep brain stimulation in patients with tardive dystonia without a history of major psychosis
Authors: Capelle Hans‐Holger , Blahak Christian , Schrader Christoph , Baezner Hansjörg , Kinfe Thomas M. , Herzog Jan , Dengler Reinhard , Krauss Joachim K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTardive dystonia usually occurs with a delay after neuroleptic exposure in patients with major psychosis. A subgroup of patients, however, is given such medication for “mild depression” or “neurasthenia.” Tardive dystonia, in general, may respond favorably to pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS). Nevertheless, it remains unclear thus far whether or not similar beneficial outcome is achieved with pallidal DBS in different subgroups of patients with tardive dystonia. Four women (mean age 59 years at surgery) underwent stereotactic pallidal DBS in the frame of an observational study. Tardive dystonia occurred secondary to medication with fluspirilene and haloperidol, and injection of long‐acting depot neuroleptics prescribed for mild depression or “nervousness.” Assessment included the Burke‐Fahn‐Marsden (BFM) scale preoperatively and at 12 months follow‐up. Extended follow‐up was available at a mean of 27.3 months postoperatively (range 16–36 months). There were no surgically related complications. All 4 patients experienced sustained statistically significant benefit from pallidal DBS. Mean improvement at 12 months was 77% for the BFM motor score (range, 45–91%; P = 0.043), and 84% at the last available follow‐up (range, 70–91%; P = 0.03). This was paralleled by improvement of the BFM disability score. Chronic pallidal DBS in patients with tardive dystonia without a history of major psychosis provides sustained improvement which is similar to that in other subgroups of patients with tardive dystonia. This effect is stable on extended follow‐up for up to 3 years. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Beyond polar bears? Re‐envisioning climate change
Authors: Manzo Kate 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAgainst an academic and policy backdrop of interest in (and concerns about) the issue, this paper draws on a range of academic writing in various disciplines to explore visual strategies of climate change communication. The geographic scope of the investigation is the United Kingdom, with particular attention to recognizable icons of climate change in UK media and the images used in political campaigns. The paper is in two parts. The first part concentrates on various efforts to put a ‘face’ on the climate change issue, while part two suggests that weather and renewable energy are the dominant alternative motifs.The paper draws a basic distinction between fear‐laden representations of climate change and a variety of visual efforts to use so‐called inspirational imagery. All of the images reviewed suggest an affirmative answer to the question in the title, there are multiple efforts underway to move beyond polar bears and represent climate change in more creative and meaningful ways. The bigger question addressed is one raised already by photographers as well as academics, i.e. whether documentary photography (rather than particular types of images) is the more fundamental issue. The answer in the paper is that photographs are no different from other visual images in their capacity to draw attention to messages. The challenge is to use visuals creatively, in ways that prompt positive engagement with climate change without enhancing public disengagement and fatalism. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Examining the use of weather forecasts in decision scenarios: results from a US survey with implications for uncertainty communication
Authors: Morss Rebecca E. , Lazo Jeffrey K. , Demuth Julie L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe hydrometeorological community has limited understanding of how people interpret forecast information and use it in decision making, hampering effective forecast communication. This article addresses these issues in the context of weather prediction, focusing especially on forecast uncertainty. It does so using empirical data from decision scenario questions asked in a nationwide US survey. Respondents were asked their probabilistic threshold for taking action to protect against potential rain or frost. They were then asked to make yes/no protective decisions in a potential reservoir flooding or fruit frost scenario given different forecasts. The results indicate that people have different probabilistic thresholds for taking protective action and that context and presentation influence forecast use. The results also suggest that many people infer uncertainty into deterministic forecasts, and that many respondents were able to interpret probabilistic forecasts of the type presented well enough to use them in the decision questions. Further, the analysis suggests that most respondents did not make decisions according to the simplest form of the cost‐loss decision model. The analysis also examines relationships between respondents' information use and other aspects of their perceptions and interpretations of forecast uncertainty, including their interpretations of probability of precipitation. The findings add to fundamental knowledge about people's interpretations and use of weather forecasts, especially forecasts that explicitly convey uncertainty, and provide a starting point for future related work using survey and experimental approaches. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Bioisosteric Replacement and Scaffold Hopping in Lead Generation and Optimization
Authors: Langdon Sarah R. , Ertl Peter , Brown Nathan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBioisosteric replacement and scaffold hopping are twin methods used in drug design to improve the synthetic accessibility, potency and drug like properties of a compound and to move into novel chemical space. Bioisosteric replacement involves swapping functional groups of a molecule with other functional groups that have similar biological properties. Scaffold hopping is the replacement of the core framework of a molecule with another scaffold that will improve the properties of the molecule or to find similar potent compounds that exist in novel chemical space. This review outlines the key concepts, importance and challenges of both methods using examples and comparisons of techniques available for finding bioisosteric replacements and scaffold hops. There are many methods available for bioisosteric replacement and scaffold hopping, all with their own advantages and disadvantages. Drug design projects would benefit from a combination of these methods to retrieve diverse and complimentary results. Continuing progress in these fields will allow further validation of both methods as well as the accumulation of knowledge on bioisosteres and possible scaffold replacements.
Highly efficient square wave distant dipolar field and its application for in vivo MRI
Authors: Cai Congbo , Gao Fenglian , Cai Shuhui , Zhong Jianhui , Chen Zhong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIntermolecular multiple quantum coherences generated by distant dipolar field (DDF) have some attractive properties, but the intrinsic weak signal intensity prevents their widespread applications. Recently, Branca et al. (J Chem Phys 2008;129:054502) suggested that square wave DDF was more efficient than conventional sinusoidal DDF because it could simultaneously produce intermolecular multiple quantum coherences signal with various major orders. In this article, instead of a series of adiabatic inversion pulses proposed previously, a more efficient composite adiabatic inversion pulse was applied to create square wave DDF. The square wave DDF was applied to in vivo MRI for the first time, and the corresponding simulations were performed. Both experimental and simulated results show that square wave DDF with composite adiabatic inversion pulse improves over the original Z‐modulation enhanced to binary for self‐refocused acquisition implementation and can enhance the signal intensity to about 2‐fold of that from conventional correlation spectroscopy (COSY) revamped with asymmetric Z‐gradient echo detection sequence for in vivo MRI, close to the theoretical prediction. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kleine, ungewöhnliche Peptide gegen Krebs
Authors: Preusentanz Rainer , Pando Orlando , Wessjohann Ludger 
Published: May 2010

AbstractN‐alkylierte Peptide wie die Dolastatine und vor allem die jüngeren Tubulysine gelten als vielversprechende Leitsubstanzen für die Krebstherapie. Konjugate der Tubulysine vereinen Tumorselektivität und Aktivität in bisher nicht bekanntem Maß.
Ein elektronisches Laborjournal als Open‐Source‐Software
Authors: Rudolphi Felix 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDie Software Open Enventory berechnet Einsatzmengen für Versuche und verwaltet Chemikalien. Versuchsergebnisse lassen sich im Journal inklusive der spektroskopischen Daten ablegen, und die Reaktionen sind nach chemischen Strukturen durchsuchbar.
Härter für die Rotorfertigung
Authors: Jopp Klaus 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDie BASF hat Epoxidharz‐Systeme für Faserverbundwerkstoffe entwickelt, die zur Fertigung von Rotorblättern an Windkraftanlagen maßgeschneidert sind. Sie verkürzen die Zykluszeiten und erhöhen so die Produktivität.
Gehen die Rohstoffe aus?
Authors: Gärtner Edgar L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWie die Rohstoffversorgung der chemischen Industrie in den nächsten Jahrzehnten aussehen wird, versucht das Positionspapier ”Rohstoffbasis im Wandel“ vorauszusagen. Dahinter stehen die Chemieverbände GDCh, Dechema, DGMK und VCI.
A non‐dominance‐based online stopping criterion for multi‐objective evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Goel Tushar , Stander Nielen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA non‐dominance criterion‐based metric that tracks the growth of an archive of non‐dominated solutions over a few generations is proposed to generate a convergence curve for multi‐objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs). It was observed that, similar to single‐objective optimization problems, there were significant advances toward the Pareto optimal front in the early phase of evolution while relatively smaller improvements were obtained as the population matured. This convergence curve was used to terminate the MOEA search to obtain a good trade‐off between the computational cost and the quality of the solutions. Two analytical and two crashworthiness optimization problems were used to demonstrate the practical utility of the proposed metric. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
P1‐nonconforming quadrilateral finite element for topology optimization
Authors: Jang Gang‐Won , Panganiban Henry , Chung Tae Jin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis investigation focuses on an alternative approach to topology optimization problems involving incompressible materials using the P1‐nonconforming finite element. Instead of using the mixed displacement‐pressure formulation, a pure displacement‐based approach can be employed for finite element formulation owing to the Poisson locking‐free property of the P1‐nonconforming element. Moreover, because the P1‐nonconforming element has linear shape functions that are defined at element vertices, it has considerably fewer degrees of freedom than other quadrilateral nonconforming elements and its implementation is as simple as that of the conforming bilinear element. Various problems dealing with incompressible materials and pressure‐loaded structures found in published works are solved to verify the applicability of the proposed method. The application of the method is extended to the optimal design of fluid channels in the Stokes flow. This is done by expressing pressure in terms of volumetric strain rates and developing a velocity‐field‐only finite element formulation. The optimization results obtained from all the problems considered in this study are in close agreement with those found in the literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiscale methods for mechanical science of complex materials: Bridging from quantum to stochastic multiresolution continuum
Authors: Liu Wing Kam , Qian Dong , Gonella Stefano , Li Shaofan , Chen Wei , Chirputkar Shardool 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRecent development in the multiscale method based on the bridging scale concept is presented with an emphasis on complex material systems. The bridging scale method (BSM) was originally proposed by Wagner and Liu (J. Comput. Phys. 2003; 190:249–274) as an effective way of treating the interface in coupled atomistic/continuum simulation. Since its publication, the BSM has become a very useful paradigm that has been applied to solve a host of problems in mechanical sciences of complex material systems. In this paper, we present a review on the recent developments. We first describe the application of BSM to the coupled atomistic/continuum simulation of dynamic fracture. The important extensions within the framework of space–time method and multiscale non‐equilibrium molecular dynamics are then presented. We then focus on the multiresolution continuum theory that inherits the BSM concept in the analysis of heterogeneous material structures. Recent work of incorporating statistical factors into this model based on the concurrent nested homogenization of randomness of the material structures is highlighted. Finally, we present the use of the bridging scale concept in resolving the electron‐mechanical coupling mechanism. The robustness of the BSM is demonstrated through many benchmark problems and application examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.