bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regioselective N1‐methylation of 1H‐tetrazoles with methyl 2,2,2‐trichloroacetimidate
Authors: Baddam Sudhakar Reddy , Kalagara Sudhakar , Ganta Srinivas , Ponnuru Venkata Suresh , Vudari Balaraju , Nalla Seshadri 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn efficient, mild, and regioselective synthesis of substituted 1‐methyl‐1H‐tetrazole using methyl 2,2,2‐trichloroacetimidate is described. The substrate scope of the methodology has been established with wide variety of tetrazoles. N1‐Methylated tetrazoles were synthesized with high yields (85%–97%).
Preoperative Differentiation of HER2‐Zero and HER2‐Low from HER2‐Positive Invasive Ductal Breast Cancers Using BI‐RADS MRI Features and Machine Learning Modeling
Authors: Zhou Jiejie , Zhang Yang , Miao Haiwei , Yoon Ga Young , Wang Jinhao , Lin Yezhi , Wang Hailing , Liu Yan‐Lin , Chen Jeon‐Hor , Pan Zhifang , Su Min‐Ying , Wang Meihao 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundAccurate determination of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is important for choosing optimal HER2 targeting treatment strategies. HER2‐low is currently considered HER2‐negative, but patients may be eligible to receive new anti‐HER2 drug conjugates.PurposeTo use breast MRI BI‐RADS features for classifying three HER2 levels, first to distinguish HER2‐zero from HER2‐low/positive (Task‐1), and then to distinguish HER2‐low from HER2‐positive (Task‐2).Study TypeRetrospective.Population621 invasive ductal cancer, 245 HER2‐zero, 191 HER2‐low, and 185 HER2‐positive. For Task‐1, 488 cases for training and 133 for testing. For Task‐2, 294 cases for training and 82 for testing.Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T; 3D T1‐weighted DCE, short time inversion recovery T2, and single‐shot EPI DWI.AssessmentPathological information and BI‐RADS features were compared. Random Forest was used to select MRI features, and then four machine learning (ML) algorithms: decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), k‐nearest neighbors (k‐NN), and artificial neural nets (ANN), were applied to build models.Statistical TestsChi‐square test, one‐way analysis of variance, and Kruskal–Wallis test were performed. The P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. For ML models, the generated probability was used to construct the ROC curves.ResultsPeritumoral edema, the presence of multiple lesions and non‐mass enhancement (NME) showed significant differences. For distinguishing HER2‐zero from non‐zero (low + positive), multiple lesions, edema, margin, and tumor size were selected, and the k‐NN model achieved the highest AUC of 0.86 in the training set and 0.79 in the testing set. For differentiating HER2‐low from HER2‐positive, multiple lesions, edema, and margin were selected, and the DT model achieved the highest AUC of 0.79 in the training set and 0.69 in the testing set.Data ConclusionBI‐RADS features read by radiologists from preoperative MRI can be analyzed using more sophisticated feature selection and ML algorithms to build models for the classification of HER2 status and identify HER2‐low.Level of Evidence4.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Identification, structure elucidation, and isomer differentiation of phenolic compounds of Chinese pepper cultivars by UPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS and their antioxidant activity
Authors: Elkhedir Abdeen E. , Abker Adil M. , Elsadig Mohamed , Mohammed Jalaleldeen Khaleel , Xu Xiaoyun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA total of 43 compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, and diterpene, were identified and characterized using UPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS coupled with UNIFI software. The identified flavonoids were mostly isomers of luteolin, apigenin, and quercetin, which were elucidated and distinguished for the first time in pepper cultivars. The use of multivariate data analytics for sample discrimination revealed that luteolin derivatives played the most important role in differentiating pepper cultivars. The content of phenolic acids and flavonoids in immature green peppers was generally higher than that of mature red peppers. The pepper extracts possessed significant antioxidant activities, and the antioxidant activities correlated well with phenolic contents and their molecular structure. In conclusion, the findings expand our understanding of the phytochemical components of the Chinese pepper genotype at two maturity stages. Moreover, a UPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS in negative ionization mode rapid methods for characterization and isomers differentiation was described.
Prior COVID‐19 vaccination and reduced risk of cerebrovascular diseases among COVID‐19 survivors
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Yin , Hsieh Tina Yi Jin , Hung Yao‐Min , Oh Jae Won , Chen Shen‐Kai , Wang Shiow‐Ing , Chang Renin , Wei James Cheng‐Chung 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe effects of COVID‐19 vaccination on short‐term and long‐term cerebrovascular risks among COVID‐19 survivors remained unknown. We conducted a national multi‐center retrospective cohort study with 151 597 vaccinated and 151 597 unvaccinated COVID‐19 patients using the TriNetX database, from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2023. Patients baseline characteristics were balanced with propensity score matching (PSM). The outcomes were incident cerebrovascular diseases occurred between 1st and 30th days (short‐term) after COVID‐19 diagnosis. Nine subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential effect modifications. We performed six sensitivity analyses, including evaluation of outcomes between 1st to 180th days, accounting for competing risk, and incorporating different variant timeline to test the robustness of our results. Kaplan‐Meier curves and Log‐Rank tests were performed to evaluate survival difference. Cox proportional hazards regressions were adopted to estimate the PSM‐adjusted hazard ratios (HR). The overall short‐term cerebrovascular risks were lower in the vaccinated group compared to the unvaccinated group (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.56–0.77), specifically cerebral infarction (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.48–0.79), occlusion and stenosis of precerebral arteries (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.53–0.98), other cerebrovascular diseases (HR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.42–0.77), and sequelae of cerebrovascular disease (HR: 0.39, 95% CI:0.23–0.68). Similarly, the overall cerebrovascular risks were lower in those vaccinated among most subgroups. The long‐term outcomes, though slightly attenuated, were consistent (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.73–0.87). Full 2‐dose vaccination was associated with a further reduced risk of cerebrovascular diseases (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50–0.80) compared to unvaccinated patients. Unvaccinated COVID‐19 survivors have significantly higher cerebrovascular risks than their vaccinated counterparts. Thus, clinicians are recommended to monitor this population closely for stroke events during postinfection follow‐up.
Human coronavirus 229E inactivation on porous and nonporous materials using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma
Authors: Ashokkumar Sekar , Lim Jun Sup , Kaushik Nagendra Kumar , Han Ihn , Uhm Han Sup , Shin Yung Oh , Choi Eun Ha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractViruses can spread through contaminated aerosols and contaminated surface materials, and effective disinfection techniques are essential for virus inactivation. Nonthermal plasma‐generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can effectively inactivate the coronavirus. We aim to interpret the coronavirus inactivation level and mechanism of surface interaction with materials with and without dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment. Nonthermal plasma, particularly surface‐type DBD plasma, can inactivate human coronavirus 229E (HCoV‐229E) on porous (paper, wood, mask) and nonporous (plastic, stainless steel, glass, Cu) materials. Virus inactivation was analyzed using a 50% tissue culture infectivity dose (TCID50) using cell line, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. Surfaces contaminated with HCoV‐229E were treated at different time intervals (0–5 h) with and without plasma exposure (natural decay in ambient air conditions). HCoV‐229E persistence conformed to the following order: plastic > cover glass > stainless steel > mask > wood > paper > Cu with and without plasma exposure. HCoV‐229E was more stable in plastic, cover glass, and stainless steel in 5 h, and the viable virus titer gradually decreased from its initial log10 order of 6.892 to 1.72, 1.53, and 1.32 TCID50/mL, respectively, under plasma exposure. No virus was observed in Cu after treatment for 5 h. The use of airflow, ambient nitrogen, and argon did not promote virus inactivation. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated a low expression level of spike protein (fluorescence intensity) during plasma treatment and in E and M genes expression compared with the virus control.
Transient analysis of growth/decay in materials utilizing a digital exponential peeling method
Authors: Mukherjee Jayjit , Malik Amit , Vinayak Seema , Kumar Vikram , Rawal D. S. , Dhaka R. S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn algorithm is proposed to implement digital peeling to determine dominant time constants of an exponential transient process. The method is simpler to implement and reduces computational time to a large extent in comparison to other techniques widely used. Apart from a synthetic test function, the algorithm has been implemented on reported experimental transient decay curves of Cs2HfCl6 (CHC) single crystal scintillation to verify its efficacy. Finally, drain current detrapping transients of unpassivated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are analyzed to determine the trap energy levels and concentrations. The validation of this digital peeling technique is also carried out by comparing with conventional method of time constant extraction from HEMT current transients. The extracted exponentials from the transient data efficiently fits well with the experimental data and can be extensively used for transient analysis. The digital peeling technique has wide applicability and can be used to analyze all exponential processes which occur in all domains of science.
Quantitative analysis model based on surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy of malachite green adsorbed on gold nanoparticles film substrates
Authors: Huang Hui‐Mei , Zhang Yu‐Bei , Weng Ting‐Wei , Qiao He‐Tian , Yuan Xiao‐Tian , Sajid Zubia , Wu De‐Yin , Tian Zhong‐Qun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn order to investigate the adsorption process of malachite green (MG) on gold nanoparticles, a simple gold nanoparticles‐assembled film was prepared as a substrate of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and it was soaked in MG solutions of different concentrations. The kinetic adsorption process was investigated by SERS method and density functional theoretical calculations. When saturated adsorption was achieved, the relationship between the characteristic SERS band signal intensity and the logarithm of solution concentration of MG was consistent with Temkin adsorption isotherm model, where the R2 value was greater than 0.995, and the linear range was 1 × 10−3–1 × 10−7 M. Finally, a SERS quantitative analysis model of the relationship between the adsorption properties of surface species and the bulk concentration was established. According to the electrostatic interaction and co‐adsorption, we proposed the surface adsorption configurations and adsorption process of MG on the nanostructured gold films.
Octyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate Tissue Adhesive Closure Versus Subcuticular Suture for Post‐Auricular Incisions
Authors: Aljehani Mariam Jaber , Salamah Marzouqi , Halwani Roa , Alshamani Mansour 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundSkin closure techniques in otolaryngology vary based on surgeon preference and wound site. Octyl‐2‐Cyanoacrylate may be a safe, rapid, and cost‐effective option for post‐site closure.AimThis randomized controlled trial study aimed to compare Octyl‐2‐Cyanoacrylate and conventional subcuticular sutures in ear surgeries, assessing wound closure results in both case and control groups.MethodsThis prospective, randomized, controlled, single‐blind study was conducted at Ohud Hospital from May 2021 to May 2022. Ear surgery and cochlear implantation in patients were examined, and each group was randomly assigned to receive Dermabond TM and deep layer subcuticular sutures closure. Incisions were assessed at various time points, including 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year post‐surgery. The patient and observer Scar Assessment Scale was used, and two independent ear surgeons used the Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale for initial scar assessment.ResultsThis study involved 126 ear surgery and cochlear implantation patients randomized to use cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive or subcuticular suture for port site closure. The study found that tissue adhesive (OCA) was faster and more efficient than standard sutures, saving an average of 12 min per incision in each ear. Incision cosmesis showed immediate results and significant differences, and patient satisfaction with OCA wound closure was higher than standard sutures.ConclusionThe findings confirmed that cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive significantly reduced the time needed for skin closure during ear surgery and showed immediate cosmetic improvements without any documented instances of bleeding, hematoma, infection, or wound separation.Level of EvidenceThis is a randomized controlled trial, it follows Level 2 of evidence. Randomized trial or observational study with dramatic effects Laryngoscope, 134:4036–4041, 2024
Objective Comparison of White Light and Narrow‐Band Imaging for Detecting Scars, Sulci and Nodules
Authors: Pu Serena , Laitman Benjamin , Woo Peak 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionNarrow‐band imaging (NBI) can improve detection of lesions in the aerodigestive tract. However, its role in benign lesions of the larynx is unclear. This study aims to determine whether NBI improves the detection of scars, sulci, and nodules compared to panchromatic lighting using objective image analysis.MethodsIn total, 120 vocal folds (VFs) were analyzed with and without NBI (21 normal, 15 scars, 16 sulci, and 45 nodules). Each VF image had anterior, middle, and posterior thirds analyzed for brightness using an area morphometry software (Optimas 5.1a). The middle‐third with the lesion was analyzed against surrounding VF segments for average and standard deviation (SD) in absolute grayscale.ResultsThe use of panchromatic light resulted in greater illumination and grayscale values than NBI. All lesions tended to be in the mid‐membranous fold. Under panchromatic light, change in brightness when comparing anterior versus middle (A–M) was +6.1% for normal, versus 6.5%, 8.1%, and 7.1% for sulci, nodules, and scars, respectively. Under NBI, they were 9.0% (normal), 12.3% (sulci), 13.7% (nodules), and 13.1% (scars). A greater SD of luminescence was observed at pathology sites (p < 0.05) when using NBI. The change in absolute grayscale at all lesion sites was greater when using NBI than when using panchromatic light (p < 0.05).ConclusionNBI significantly enhanced the area of pathology in patients with nodules, sulci, and scars. Greater SD values in grayscale at pathologic sites were observed compared at normal sites. Thus, NBI may improve the detection of phonotraumatic lesions compared to panchromatic light.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 134:4066–4070, 2024
Topologically Protected Parametric Wavelength Conversion in a Valley Hall Insulator
Authors: Sohn Byoung‐Uk , Choi Ju Won , Chen George F. R. , Gao Hongwei , Mitchell William J. , Ng Doris K. T. , Tan Dawn T. H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNonlinear phenomena are investigated in a topological photonic valley Hall insulator (VHI) using a Kagome system designed to have localized topological boundary state (TBS) at telecommunications wavelengths. Valley Hall topologically protected nonlinear phenomena are demonstrated. Similar transmission properties and parametric wavelength conversion of up to −12 dB are experimentally achieved using sub‐milliwatt average powers in a zigzag interface without back‐scattering, compared with a straight interface. Furthermore, a 7 dB slow light enhancement is observed in the conversion efficiency near the red edge in the transmission band of the boundary state, demonstrating how slow light‐induced backscattering may be circumvented by leveraging the topologically protected boundary state. A Kerr‐induced delocalization of the valley Hall topological state (VHTS) is further experimentally observed, which can be harnessed to control the properties of topological edge states.
Reconstructing Curves: A Bottom‐Up Approach toward Adipose Tissue Regeneration with Recombinant Biomaterials
Authors: Van Damme Lana , Blondeel Phillip , Van Vlierberghe Sandra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe potential of recombinant materials in the field of adipose tissue engineering (ATE) is investigated using a bottom‐up tissue engineering (TE) approach. This study explores the synthesis of different photo‐crosslinkable gelatin derivatives, including both natural and recombinant materials, with a particular emphasis on chain growth and step growth polymerization. Gelatin type B (Gel‐B) and a recombinant collagen peptide (RCPhC1) are used as starting materials. The gel fraction and mass swelling properties of 2D hydrogel films are evaluated, revealing high gel fractions exceeding 94% and high mass swelling ratios >15. In vitro experiments with encapsulated adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) indicate viable cells (>85%) throughout the experiment with the RCPhC1‐based hydrogels showing a higher number of stretched ASCs. Triglyceride assays show the enhanced differentiation potential of RCPhC1 materials. Moreover, the secretome analysis reveal the production of adipose tissue‐specific proteins including adiponectin, adipsin, lipocalin‐2/NGAL, and PAL‐1. RCPhC1‐based materials exhibit higher levels of adiponectin and adipsin production, indicating successful differentiation into the adipogenic lineage. Overall, this study highlights the potential of recombinant materials for ATE applications, providing insights into their physico‐chemical properties, mechanical strength, and cellular interactions.
Self‐Healing Polyurethane Elastomers with Superior Tensile Strength and Elastic Recovery Based on Dynamic Oxime‐Carbamate and Hydrogen Bond Interactions
Authors: Wang Xue , Wang Liguo , Liu Chen , Cao Yan , He Peng , Cui Yu , Li Huiquan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe preparation of self‐healing polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) incorporating dynamic bonds is of considerable practical significance. However, developing a PUE with outstanding mechanical properties and high self‐healing efficiency poses a significant challenge. Herein, this work has successfully developed a series of self‐healing PUEs with various outstanding properties through rational molecular design. These PUEs incorporate m‐xylylene diisocyanate and reversible dimethylglyoxime as hard segment, along with polytetramethylene ether glycol as soft segment. A significant amount of dynamic oxime‐carbamate and hydrogen bonds are formed in hard segment. The microphase separated structure of the PUEs enables them to be colorless with a transparency of >90%. Owing to the chemical composition and multiple dynamic interactions, the PUEs are endowed with ultra‐high tensile strength of 34.5 MPa, satisfactory toughness of 53.9 MJ m−3, and great elastic recovery both at low and high strains. The movement of polymer molecular chains and the dynamic reversible interactions render a self‐healing efficiency of 101% at 70 °C. In addition, this self‐healing polyurethane could still maintain high mechanical properties after recycling. This study provides a design strategy for the preparation of a comprehensive polyurethane with superior overall performance, which holds wide application prospects in the fields of flexible displays and solar cells.
Deciphering CD4+ T cell‐mediated responses against cancer
Authors: Kirkpatrick Catherine , Lu Yong‐Chen William 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt's been long thought that CD8+ cytotoxic T cells play a major role in T cell‐mediated antitumor responses, whereas CD4+ T cells merely provide some assistance to CD8+ T cells as the “helpers.” In recent years, numerous studies support the notion that CD4+ T cells play an indispensable role in antitumor responses. Here, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge regarding the roles of CD4+ T cells in antitumor responses and immunotherapy, with a focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind these observations. These new insights on CD4+ T cells may pave the way to further optimize cancer immunotherapy.
The promotion of non‐small cell lung cancer progression by collagen and calcium binding EGF domain 1 is mediated through the regulation of ERK/JNK/P38 phosphorylation by reactive oxygen species
Authors: Chen Chunji , Tang Dongfang , Xu Shangwei , Xiang Lujie , Wang Bin , Yao Yuanshan , Li Zheng , Lin Siyun , Li Saitian , Shi Xin , Gu Chang , Gao Wen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are metabolic by‐products of cells, and abnormal changes in their levels are often associated with tumor development. Our aim was to determine the role of collagen and calcium binding EGF domain 1 (CCBE1) in oxidative stress and tumorigenesis in non‐small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC). We investigated the tumorigenic potential of CCBE1 in NSCLC using in vitro and in vivo models of CCBE1 overexpression and knockdown. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the expression of CCBE1 in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues. Cell counting Kit 8, clonal formation, wound healing, and transwell experiments showed that CCBE1 gene knockdown significantly inhibited the migration, invasion, and proliferation of NSCLC cell lines. In terms of mechanism, the silencing of CCBE1 can significantly promote the morphological abnormalities of mitochondria, significantly increase the intracellular ROS level, and promote cell apoptosis. This change of oxidative stress can affect cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating the phosphorylation level of ERK/JNK/P38 MAPK. Specifically, the downregulation of CCBE1 inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK/P38 and promotes the phosphorylation of JNK in NSCLC, and this regulation can be reversed by the antioxidant NAC. In vivo experiments confirmed that downregulating CCBE1 gene could inhibit the growth of NSCLC in BALB/c nude mice. Taken together, our results confirm the tumorigenic role of CCBE1 in promoting tumor invasion and migration in NSCLC, and reveal the molecular mechanism by which CCBE1 regulates oxidative stress and the ERK/JNK/P38 MAPK pathway.