bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Acute and Chronic Allograft Rejection by Combinations of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
Authors: Huang Y. L. , Wang Y. Z. , Chen J. B. , Wang F. , Kang X. P. , Xia J. J. , Lan T. S. , Xie B. Y. , Ekberg H. , Wang X. M. , Qi Z. Q. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIt is well known that adoptive transfer of donor‐derived tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) helps to reduce acute allograft rejection. However, this method cannot effectively prevent grafts from infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrosis, and thus has minimal effect on chronic allograft rejection. In this study, we used mitomycin C (MMC) to generate tolerogenic DC and demonstrated that donor (Balb/c)‐derived MMC‐DC could induce hyporesponsiveness of recipient (C57BL/6) T cells in vitro, potentially by inducing T‐cell apoptosis, decreasing IL‐2 and IL‐12 secretion, and increasing regulatory T‐cell numbers and IL‐10 secretion. Furthermore, anti‐CD154 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment combined with donor‐derived MMC‐DC prolonged the survival of the allografts in vivo. The mechanisms were similar to those in vitro. Impressively, both acute and chronic rejection were prevented when donor and F1 generation (Balb/c × C57BL/6) derived MMC‐DC were injected together with anti‐CD154 mAb into recipients before heart allotransplantation. In summary, we showed that donor and F1‐derived tolerogenic DC have a synergistic effect on induction and maintenance of T‐cell regulation and the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines. Moreover, adoptive transfer of these two types of DC could inhibit both acute and chronic transplant rejection in mice.
Impact of surgical technique (open vs laparoscopic vs robotic‐assisted) on pathological and biochemical outcomes following radical prostatectomy: an analysis using propensity score matching
Authors: Magheli Ahmed , Gonzalgo Mark L. , Su Li‐Ming , Guzzo Thomas J. , Netto George , Humphreys Elizabeth B. , Han Misop , Partin Alan W. , Pavlovich Christian P. 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Thus far, no institution has investigated the impact of the most commonly used surgical techniques – open, laparoscopic and robotic radical prostatectomy – on biochemical outcome. However, recent data from large meta‐analysis suggest that the impact of the chosen surgical technique on biochemical outcome is minimal and statistically not relevant.We are the first to apply the method of propensity score matching in the urology literature to compare three different surgical techniques. This method is intended to simulate a randomized trial which is unlikely to be undertaken for radical prostatectomies. We confirmed previous data that the surgical technique does not seem to have an impact on biochemical outcome following radical prostatectomy.OBJECTIVE• To investigate a single institution experience with radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP), laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) and robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) with respect to pathological and biochemical outcomes.PATIENTS AND METHODS• A group of 522 consecutive patients who underwent RARP between 2003 and 2008 were matched by propensity scoring on the basis of patient age, race, preoperative prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), biopsy Gleason score and clinical stage with an equal number of patients who underwent LRP and RRP at our institution.• Pathological and biochemical outcomes of the three cohorts were examined.RESULTS• Overall positive surgical margin rates were lower among patients who underwent RRP (14.4%) and LRP (13.0%) compared to patients who underwent RARP (19.5%) (P= 0.010). There were no statistically significant differences in positive margin rates between the three surgical techniques for pT2 disease (P= 0.264).• In multivariate logistic regression analysis, surgical technique (P= 0.016), biopsy Gleason score (P < 0.001) and preoperative PSA (P < 0.001) were predictors of positive surgical margins.• Kaplan–Meier analysis did not show any statistically significant differences with respect to biochemical recurrence for the three surgical groups.CONCLUSIONS• RRP, LRP and RARP represent effective surgical approaches for the treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer. A higher overall positive SM rate was observed for the RARP group compared to RRP and LRP; however, there was no difference with respect to biochemical recurrence‐free survival between groups.• Further prospective studies are warranted to determine whether any particular technique is superior with regard to long‐term clinical outcomes.
North American Practice Patterns of Intravenous Magnesium Therapy in Severe Acute Asthma in Children
Authors: Schuh Suzanne , Macias Charles , Freedman Stephen B. , Plint Amy C. , Zorc Joseph J. , Bajaj Lalit , Black Karen J. , Johnson David W. , Boutis Kathy 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives:  Although intravenous (IV) magnesium (Mg) can decrease hospitalizations in children with severe acute asthma, its use is often limited to resistant disease, and disposition may be determined prior to its use. Since knowledge about practice patterns of IV Mg would enhance knowledge translation and guide future research, we surveyed pediatric emergency physicians with interest in clinical research to determine the frequency, indications, adverse events, and barriers to use of IV Mg in children with severe acute asthma.Methods:  A cross‐sectional online survey of two national pediatric emergency physician associations in Canada and the United States was conducted using a modified Dillman technique.Results:  Response rates were 124 of 180 (69%) in Canada and 75 of 108 (69%) in the United States. Although 88% of participants report knowing that Mg is effective, only 14 of 199 (7%) give it to prevent hospitalizations and 142 of 199 (71%) give it to prevent admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU). Thirty‐eight percent of respondents use Mg in < 5% of stable children with severe acute asthma, while 79% use it in 50% or more of the ICU candidates with concern about impending respiratory failure. Seventy‐nine percent of the participants report that < 5% of their patients given Mg are discharged home from the ED. Twenty‐four percent of respondents who administer Mg have encountered associated severe hypotension requiring therapy, and 2% have witnessed‐related apnea. Factors affecting Mg use include concern about side effects expressed by 24% of physicians and a belief that IV therapy is not necessary, expressed by 31%.Conclusions:  Intravenous Mg appears to be uncommonly used in stable children with severe acute asthma and does not frequently play a role in reducing hospitalizations. Further research to justify its enhanced use and to better establish its true adverse effect profile is indicated.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1189–1196 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
The Role of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine in the Development of Guidelines and Performance Measures
Authors: Pines Jesse M. , Fee Christopher , Fermann Gregory J. , Ferroggiaro Anthony A. , Irvin Charlene B. , Mazer Maryann , Frank Peacock W. , Schuur Jeremiah D. , Weber Ellen J. , Pollack Charles V. ,   for the SAEM Guidelines Committee
Published: November 2010

AbstractMeasurement of adherence to clinical standards has become increasingly important to the practice of emergency medicine (EM). In recent years, along with a proliferation of evidence‐based practice guidelines and performance measures, there has been a movement to incorporate measurement into reimbursement strategies, many of which affect EM practice. On behalf of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Guidelines Committee 2009–2010, the purposes of this document are to: 1) differentiate the processes of guideline and performance measure development, 2) describe how performance measures are currently and will be used in pay‐for‐performance initiatives, and 3) discuss opportunities for SAEM to affect future guideline and performance measurement development for emergency care. Specific recommendations include that SAEM should: 1) develop programs to sponsor guideline and quality measurement research; 2) increase participation in the process of guideline and quality measure development, endorsement, and maintenance; 3) increase collaboration with other EM organizations to review performance measures proposed by organizations outside of EM that affect emergency medical care; and 4) answer calls for participation in the selection and implementation of performance measures through The Joint Commission and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:e130–e140 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Serum Ischemia‐modified Albumin Levels in an Experimental Acute Mesenteric Ischemia Model
Authors: Dundar Zerrin Defne , Cander Basar , Gul Mehmet , Karabulut Keziban Ucar , Girisgin Sadik 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives:  This experimental study aimed to assess the changes in the levels of serum ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) by time in cases of acute mesenteric ischemia due to superior mesenteric artery occlusion.Methods:  Twenty‐one New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. Blood samples were collected at hours 0, 1, 3, and 6 from animals in a control group; a sham group following a simple laparotomy; and in an ischemia group following superior mesenteric artery ligation. All blood samples were analyzed for serum IMA and IL‐6 levels, and then the time‐dependent changes of biomarkers were investigated.Results:  The serum IMA levels of the ischemia group at hours 3 and 6 were significantly higher than those of the control and sham groups (hour 3, p = 0.017; hour 6, p = 0.001). The increase in serum IL‐6 levels in the ischemia group at hours 1, 3, and 6 compared to the control and sham groups was also significant (hour 1, p = 0.002; hour 3, p = 0.003; hour 6, p = 0.003).Conclusions:  IMA may be helpful as a marker in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia; however, its diagnostic value and use as a routine biochemical test should be assessed in further studies.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1233–1238 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Closed Reduction of Distal Forearm Fractures by Pediatric Emergency Physicians
Authors: Khan Shehma , Sawyer Jeffrey , Pershad Jay 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives:  The objective of this study was to determine if there exist differences in length of stay (LOS) in the emergency department (ED) and need for reintervention to restore alignment after distal forearm fracture reduction by pediatric emergency physicians (EPs) versus postgraduate year 3 or 4 orthopedic residents.Methods:  In a prospective trial at a busy urban pediatric ED, children with closed distal forearm fractures that met predefined criteria for manipulation were randomized to treatment by a postgraduate year 3 or 4 orthopedic resident or by a pediatric EP who had received focused training in forearm fracture reduction. Prereduction, postreduction, and follow‐up radiographs were evaluated by an attending pediatric orthopedic surgeon who was unaware of the assigned group. The following outcomes were assessed: LOS during the initial ED encounter, adequacy of alignment immediately postreduction and at follow‐up visits after discharge from the ED, the need for remanipulation, unscheduled ED visits, and radiographic healing at 6–8 weeks after injury.Results:  A total of 103 children were randomized into the pediatric EP (52 patients, mean age 9.1 years) and orthopedic resident (51 patients, mean age 9.7 years) groups. Patients in the two groups were similar in age, involvement of the physes, degree of angulation, percentage of displacement, and need for procedural sedation. The mean LOS in the ED was 4.5 hours in the pediatric EP group versus 5.0 hours in the orthopedic resident group (difference in means –0.5 hours, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.26 to 0.37 hours). Remanipulation was required in 4 of 48 (8.3%) in the pediatric EP group versus 6 of 48 (12.5%) in the orthopedic resident group (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.16 to 2.67). Unscheduled ED visits for cast‐related problems occurred in 6 of 51 (11.8%) in the pediatric EP group and 4 of 52 (7.7%) in the orthopedic resident group (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 0.38 to 6.39). None of these patients with unscheduled ED visits developed compartment syndrome or required admission.Conclusions:  Length of stay in the ED and clinical outcomes after closed reduction of forearm fractures by trained pediatric EPs are comparable to those after closed reduction by orthopedic residents.ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1169–1174 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Elevational gradients of bryophyte diversity, life forms, and community assemblage in the southern Appalachian Mountains
Authors: Stehn Sarah E. , Webster Christopher R. , Glime Janice M. , Jenkins Michael A. 
Published: November 2010

We investigated the influence of fine-scale elevational gradients and overstory disturbance on bryophyte distribution, diversity, and community composition. Bryophyte species cover and richness were sampled across 60 randomly selected plots within high-elevation spruce–fir ( Picea – Abies ) forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Ordination and regression analyses revealed a fine-scale elevation gradient (700 m) in bryophyte community composition. Observed changes in bryophyte diversity and community composition were also associated with variation in deciduous basal area and thus litter composition, the prevalence of herbaceous plants, and the degree of canopy openness resulting from balsam woolly adelgid ( Adelges piceae Ratz.) infestation. Although overstory disturbances, such as those caused by the adelgid, create suitable substrate for bryophyte colonization, the corresponding increase in light availability and deciduous basal area may alter bryophyte diversity and community assemblages.
Trends in growing space efficiency of four boreal forest species based on yield table data
Authors: Smith Victor G. 
Published: November 2010

Yield tables are used to identify trends in growing space efficiency (GSE) and to relate GSE to self-tolerance and intraspecific competition. The method is useful when data specifically collected for this purpose are not available. Plonski’s normal yield tables for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) are used. An exponential volume–age function was partitioned into volume–area and area–age functions. The exponents of these two components form the B/D ratio, which is used to determine the mode of the stand at a given time, e.g., if B/D is <3/2, then the stand is in area occupation mode, and if B/D is >3/2, then the stand is in area exploitation mode. The dominant mode is the one most responsive to availability of growth resources, showing greater acceleration when resources are plentiful and more rapid deceleration when resources are scarce. Jack pine and paper birch are identified as area occupiers, whereas trembling aspen and black spruce are area exploiters and are therfore self-tolerant. Asymmetric competition was deemed to be present for paper birch throughout the life of the stand on site class I and for trembling aspen on all sites prior to senescence.
Heading in a New Direction: Drug Permeability in Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis
Authors: Sledge George W. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Systemic therapies for breast cancer brain metastasis are largely unsuccessful. Mouse models of brain metastasis show significant heterogeneity in uptake of paclitaxel and doxorubicin, with average levels more than those seen in normal brain tissue, but significantly less than in metastases to other organs. Clin Cancer Res; 16(23); 5605–7. ©2010 AACR.
Upfront immunization with autologous recombinant idiotype Fab fragment without prior cytoreduction in indolent B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Navarrete Marcelo A. , Heining-Mikesch Kristina , Schüler Frank , Bertinetti-Lapatki Cristina , Ihorst Gabriele , Keppler-Hafkemeyer Andrea , Dölken Gottfried , Veelken Hendrik 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIdiotype vaccination for follicular lymphoma is primarily being developed as remission consolidation after chemotherapy. We investigated idiotype vaccination as primary intervention for treatment-naive indolent B-cell lymphoma and in a separate cohort as remission consolidation after chemotherapy to assess immunization-induced immune responses in relation to progression-free survival (German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00000227). Twenty-one patients in each cohort received 6 intradermal injections of adjuvanted recombinant idiotype Fab fragment (FabId); 76% of patients in both groups developed anti-idiotype antibodies and/or cellular immunity as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and interferon-γ ELISpot. In treatment-naive patients, only cellular responses correlated with superior progression-free survival (P < .002) and durable objective remissions (P = .04). Immunization-induced T cells recognized hypermutated or complementarity-determining region 3 epitopes. After remission consolidation immunization, induction of anti-idiotype antibodies correlated with progression-free survival. Low B-cell counts after rituximab therapy predicted for failure to develop anti-idiotype antibodies. These results are similar to published trials showing an association of humoral immunity with control of residual lymphoma. In contrast, effective immunity against untreated lymphoma appears to be dependent on idiotype-specific T cells. Sustained remissions in patients with vaccination-induced cellular immunity suggest clinical benefit and warrant a randomized comparison of this vaccine with expectant management for asymptomatic follicular lymphoma.
Development and validation of a FACS-based lipoprotein localization screen in the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Kumru Ozan S , Schulze Ryan J , Slusser Joyce G , Zückert Wolfram R 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundIn our previous studies on lipoprotein secretion in the Lyme disease spirocheteBorrelia burgdorferi, we used monomeric red fluorescent protein 1 (mRFP1) fused to specifically mutated outer surface protein A (OspA) N-terminal lipopeptides to gather first insights into lipoprotein sorting determinants. OspA:mRFP1 fusions could be detected by epifluorescence microscopy both in the periplasm and on the bacterial surface. To build on these findings and to complement the prior targeted mutagenesis approach, we set out to develop a screen to probe a random mutagenesis expression library for mutants expressing differentially localized lipoproteins.ResultsA Glu-Asp codon pair in the inner membrane-localized OspA20:mRFP1 fusion was chosen for mutagenesis since the two negative charges were previously shown to define the phenotype. A library of random mutants in the two codons was generated and expressed inB. burgdorferi.In situsurface proteolysis combined with fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) was then used to screen for viable spirochetes expressing alternative subsurface OspA:mRFP1 fusions. Analysis of 93 clones randomly picked from a sorted cell population identified a total of 43 distinct mutants. Protein localization assays indicated a significant enrichment in the selected subsurface phenotype. Interestingly, a majority of the subsurface mutant proteins localized to the outer membrane, indicating their impairment in "flipping" through the outer membrane to the spirochetal surface. OspA20:mRFP1 remained the protein most restricted to the inner membrane.ConclusionsTogether, these results validate this FACS-based screen for lipoprotein localization and suggest a rather specific inner membrane retention mechanism involving membrane anchor-proximal negative charge patches in this modelB. burgdorferilipoprotein system.
Aspergillus fumigatus allergen expression is coordinately regulated in response to hydrogen peroxide and cyclic AMP
Authors: Fraczek Marcin G , Rashid Rifat , Denson Marian , Denning David W , Bowyer Paul 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background

A. fumigatus has been associated with a wide spectrum of allergic disorders such as ABPA or SAFS. It is poorly understood what allergens in particular are being expressed during fungal invasion and which are responsible for stimulation of immune responses. Study of the dynamics of allergen production by fungi may lead to insights into how allergens are presented to the immune system.

Methods
Expression of 17 A. fumigatus allergen genes was examined in response to various culture conditions and stimuli as well as in the presence of macrophages in order to mimic conditions encountered in the lung.

Results
Expression of 14/17 allergen genes was strongly induced by oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide (Asp f 1, -2, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -10, -13, -17 and -18, all >10-fold and Asp f 11, -12, and -22, 5-10-fold) and 16/17 allergen genes were repressed in the presence of cAMP. The 4 protease allergen genes (Asp f -5, -10, -13 and -18) were expressed at very low levels compared to the comparator (β-tubulin) under all other conditions examined. Mild heat shock, anoxia, lipid and presence of macrophages did not result in coordinated changes in allergen gene expression. Growth on lipid as sole carbon source contributed to the moderate induction of most of the allergen genes. Heat shock (37°C > 42°C) caused moderate repression in 11/17 genes (Asp f 1, -2, -4, -5, -6, -9, -10, -13, -17, -18 and -23) (2- to 9-fold), which was mostly evident for Asp f 1 and -9 (~9-fold). Anaerobic stress led to moderate induction of 13/17 genes (1.1 to 4-fold) with one, Asp f 8 induced over 10-fold when grown under mineral oil. Complex changes were seen in gene expression during co-culture of A. fumigatus with macrophages.

Conclusions
Remarkable coordination of allergen gene expression in response to a specific condition (oxidative stress or the presence of cAMP) has been observed, implying that a single biological stimulus may play a role in allergen gene regulation. Interdiction of a putative allergen expression induction signalling pathway might provide a novel therapy for treatment of fungal allergy.
Pseudomarssonella Redmond 1965 (Foraminifera) and related taxa from the Jurassic platform carbonate succession of the Central Taurides, S Turkey: its phylogenetic relation with the subfamily Paleopfenderininae
Authors: Tasli Kemal , Altiner Demir 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPseudomarssonella and related taxa have been recorded in the upper part of the Redmondoides lugeoni/Redmondoides cf. rotundatus Zone, Paleopfenderina trochoidea-salernitana and Kurnubia ex. gr. palastiniensis zones, and the lower half of the Clypeina jurassica Zone, from the Bathonian to the lower Tithonian of the Central Taurides (S Turkey) inner platform carbonate succession. A tentative phylogenetic tree of the Jurassic pfenderinids (paleopfenderins) is given in this study. The Paleopfenderininae are suggested to have evolved from PseudomarssonellaRedmond 1965 which might have diverged from RedmondoidesBanneret al. 1991 or RiyadhellaRedmond 1965. This evolution was carried out during the early Bathonian by the acquisition of accessory, cribrate apertural plate and more numbers of chambers per whorl. Pseudomarssonella has been removed from the family Chrysalidinidae (subfamily Paravalvulininae) since it is phylogenetically and taxonomically separated from Paravalvulina, which is fundamentally triserial, has cribrate septal flap as a prolongation of septum and has no secondary infillings. Herein it is placed into the family Pfenderinidae, subfamily Paleopfenderininae.