bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of the percutaneous absorption of chromium compounds by functional proteomics
Authors: Pan Tai‐Long , Wang Pei‐Wen , Huang Chun‐Ming , Chen Chih‐Chieh , Fang Jia‐You 
Published: September 2009

AbstractChromium compounds are known to be associated with cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity when applied via a skin route. The aim of this study was to evaluate the skin permeability and toxicological profiles of four chromium species. Chromium permeation across the skin, as determined by an in vitro Franz cell, decreased in the order of sodium chromate>potassium chromate>potassium dichromate>chromium nitrate. The uptake of chromium species within the skin generally showed a contrary trend to the results of permeation, although differences among the various compounds were not large. Levels of in vivo skin deposition of the four compounds showed no statistically significant differences. Potassium chromate produced the greatest disruption of the skin structure as determined by HE staining, followed in order by sodium chromate, potassium dichromate, and chromium nitrate. This indicates that hexavalent chromium elicited greater toxicity to the skin compared to trivalent chromium. A similar result was observed for the viability of skin fibroblasts. To improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to functional changes in proteins, proteomic tools, including 2‐DE and MS techniques combined with sequence database correlations, were applied to identify target proteins altered by pathologic states. Eight protein spots, corresponding to cutaneous enzymes involved in energy metabolism and chaperon proteins, which were identified and discussed in this study, were associated with skin cytotoxicity, immunity, and carcinogenesis. In addition, functional proteomics of skin tissues may provide a promising tool for developing therapeutic strategies and can serve as the basis for further research.
Detection and identification of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal Schiff‐base adducts along with products of Michael addition using data‐dependent neutral loss‐driven MS3 acquisition: Method evaluation through an in vitro study on cytochrome c oxidase modifications
Authors: Rauniyar Navin , Prokai Laszlo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe report a data‐dependent neutral‐loss‐driven MS3 acquisition to enhance, in addition to abundant Michael adducts, the detection of Schiff‐base adducts of proteins and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal, a reactive end product of lipid peroxidation. In vitro modification of cytochrome c oxidase, a mitochondrial protein complex, was used as a model to evaluate the method. The technique allowed for a confident validation of modification sites and also identified a Schiff‐base adduct in subunit Vb of the protein complex.
Comparative analysis of OFFGel, strong cation exchange with pH gradient, and RP at high pH for first‐dimensional separation of peptides from a membrane‐enriched protein fraction
Authors: Manadas Bruno , English Jane A. , Wynne Kieran J. , Cotter David R. , Dunn Michael J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe analysis and quantitation of membrane proteins have proved challenging for proteomics. Although several approaches have been introduced to complement gel‐based analysis of intact proteins, the literature is rather limited in comparing major emerging approaches. Peptide fractionation using IEF (OFFGel), strong cation exchange HPLC using a pH gradient (SCX‐pG), and RP HPLC at high pH, have been shown to increase peptide and protein identification over classic MudPIT approaches. This article compares these three approaches for first‐dimensional separation of peptides using a detergent phase (Triton X‐114) enriched membrane fraction from mouse cortical brain tissue. Results indicate that RP at high pH (pH 10) was superior for the identification of more peptides and proteins in comparison to the OFFGel or the SCX‐pG approaches. In addition, gene ontology analysis (GOMiner) revealed that RP at high pH (pH 10) successfully identified an increased number of proteins with “membrane” ontology, further confirming its suitability for membrane protein analysis, in comparison to SCX‐pG and OFFGel techniques.
Localized network centrality and essentiality in the yeast–protein interaction network
Authors: Park Keunwan , Kim Dongsup 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIt has been suggested that a close relationship exists between gene essentiality and network centrality in protein–protein interaction networks. However, recent studies have reported somewhat conflicting results on this relationship. In this study, we investigated whether essential proteins could be inferred from network centrality alone. In addition, we determined which centrality measures describe the essentiality well. For this analysis, we devised new local centrality measures based on several well‐known centrality measures to more precisely describe the connection between network topology and essentiality. We examined two recent yeast protein–protein interaction networks using 40 different centrality measures. We discovered a close relationship between the path‐based localized information centrality and gene essentiality, which suggested underlying topological features that represent essentiality. We propose that two important features of the localized information centrality (proper representation of environmental complexity and the consideration of local sub‐networks) are the key factors that reveal essentiality. In addition, a random forest classifier showed reasonable performance at classifying essential proteins. Finally, the results of clustering analysis using centrality measures indicate that some network clusters are closely related with both particular biological processes and essentiality, suggesting that functionally related proteins tend to share similar network properties.
Intermolecular π‐dimer of oxoverdazyl radicals with long‐distance multicenter (2e/8c) bonding via nitrogen atoms
Authors: Rosokha Sergiy V. , Zhang Jing , Lu Jianjiang , Kochi Jay K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe 1,5‐dimethyl‐6‐oxoverdazyl radical's solid‐state structure shows distinct π‐dimeric units with close interplanar separations (3.10 Å) between the head‐over‐tail cofacial moieties and several interatomic contacts shorter than the sums of the van der Waals radii. Evaluations of the frontier orbitals of monomeric oxoverdazyl and its π‐dimer reveal that interaction of the radical SOMOs (concentrated on the nitrogen atoms) leads to the formation of the supramolecular orbital involving four equivalent bonding (N…N) segments between two oxoverdazyl moieties. As such, this π‐dimer represents a rare example of nitrogen‐based multicenter (2e/8c) long‐distance bonding and emphasizes the universal character of this phenomenon in organic (ion‐) radical systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entanglement and symmetry effects in the transition to the Schrödinger cat regime
Authors: de Pasquale F. , Giorgi G.L. , Zannetti M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe study two‐spin entanglement and order parameter fluctuations as a function of the system size in the XY model in a transverse field and in the isotropic XXX model. Both models are characterized by the occurrence of ground state degeneracy also when systems of finite size are considered. This is always true for the XXX model, but only at the factorizing field for the XY model. We study the size dependence of symmetric states, which, in the presence of degeneracy, can be expanded as a linear combination of broken symmetry states. We show that, while the XY model looses its quantum superposition content exponentially with the size N, a decrease of the order of 1 / N is observed when the XXX model is considered. The emergence of two qualitatively different regimes is directly related to the difference in the symmetry of the models.
Combating plant diseases—the Darwin connection
Authors: Hollomon Derek W , Brent Keith J 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAlthough Darwin knew of plant diseases, he did not study them as part of his analysis of natural selection. Effective plant disease control has only been developed after his death. This article explores the relevance of Darwin's ideas to three problem areas with respect to diseases caused by fungi: emergence of new diseases, loss of disease resistance bred into plants and development of fungicide resistance. Darwin's concept of change through natural or artificial selection relied on selection of many small changes, but subsequent genetic research has shown that change can also occur through large steps. Appearance of new diseases can involve gene duplication, transfer or recombination, but all evidence points to both host plant resistance and fungicide susceptibility being overcome through point mutations. Because the population size of diseases such as rusts and powdery and downy mildews is so large, all possible point mutations are likely to occur daily, even during moderate epidemics. Overcoming control measures therefore reflects the overall fitness of these mutants, and much resource effort is being directed towards assessment of their fitness, both in the presence and in the absence of selection. While recent developments in comparative genomics have caused some revision of Darwin's ideas, experience in managing plant disease control measures clearly demonstrates the relevance of concepts he introduced 150 years ago. It also reveals the remarkable speed and the practical impact of adaptation in wild microorganism populations to changes in their environment, and the difficulty of stopping or delaying such adaptation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhancement of magnetoimpedance effect in Co‐based amorphous ribbon with a meander structure
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhou Yong , Lei Chong , Zhou Zhi‐Min , Ding Wen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA model for the enhanced giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect in field‐annealed Co‐based ribbon with a meander structure is developed. Three different kinds of ribbon are fabricated by a MEMS method and the field dependence of the GMI effect is measured at 10 MHz. Good agreement between theory and experiment shows the validity of this model. A larger change of inductance L in the meander structure results in the increasing of impedance Z and the enhanced GMI effect.
Two‐ and three‐dimensional profilometer assessments to determine titanium roughness
Authors: Canabarro A. , Figueiredo F. , Paciornik S. , De‐Deus G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this study, a comparative topography analysis of titanium (Ti) surfaces was performed using two‐ (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) profilometers. Ti samples were either only sandblasted (SB) using Al2O3 particles or were SB and received an additional chemical treatment using a solution of 4% HF (SLA). Samples with no treatment were used as a control group (C). Therefore, three different surfaces were evaluated: SB, SLA and C. The Ti surface topographies were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. An Ra roughness measurement was performed on each Ti sample by 2D and 3D profilometers. Surface roughness was also characterized using amplitude, spatial and hybrid 3D parameters. 2D and 3D profilometer analyses produced very close results. Mean Ra values range from 0.19 to 0.25 (C, p<0.05), 0.84 to 0.99 (SLA, p<0.05) and 0.98 to 1 µm (SB, p>0.05). The statistically different Ra values depending on the surface studied may be explained by methodological and technical differences. Also, 3D profilometer seems to be the more appropriate analytical method for measuring the roughness of Ti surfaces because it also describes surface organization. SCANNING 31: 174–179, 2009. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of key assignment on VANET privacy
Authors: Haas Jason J. , Hu Yih‐Chun , Laberteaux Kenneth P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThere are two underlying principles that guide how a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is built: there will be misbehavior and the extent to which vehicles can misbehave should be bounded. Additionally, the main use for VANETs currently is to enable safety applications where vehicles' position, velocity, and acceleration are broadcast to other vehicles in the VANET. Combining these guiding principles with this application results in the privacy of vehicles and users being an important concern for VANET design. Safety application messages are signed using keys and therefore linked to vehicles. In this work, we investigate how to assign keys to vehicles in order to preserve privacy and maintain our guiding VANET design principles. Specifically, we investigate the design space where individual keys may be given to multiple vehicles and vehicles may have multiple keys. Through a simple security analysis, we eliminate the case where all keys are common. Through mathematical and logical analysis, we conclude that keys should not be owned by multiple vehicles, that is, keys should be unique to vehicles and vehicles should be given multiple keys. Specifically, we show that it is impossible to provide good privacy and fast revocation when keys are shared among vehicles. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BHIDS: a new, cluster based algorithm for black hole IDS
Authors: Roy Debdutta Barman , Chaki Rituparna , Chaki Nabendu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMobilead hocnetworks (MANET) are highly vulnerable to attacks due to multiple factors including the open medium, dynamically changing network topology, cooperative algorithms, and lack of centralized monitoring. Besides slowing down the network, the traditional way of using firewalls and cryptography often fails to detect different types of attacks. The lack of infrastructures in MANETs makes the detection and control of security hazards all the more difficult. In this paper, we present a new, cluster based Black Hole Intrusion Detection System (BHIDS) for mobile,ad hocnetworks. The features that are considered for BHIDS include mobility of nodes, variation in number of attacking nodes, packet delivery rate, density of the network, etc. The nodes in the network form a two‐layered cluster. This helps splitting the processing and communication overhead between the cluster heads at Layer 1 and 2. The proposed IDS algorithm has been tested on a simulated network using the NS simulator. The performance graphs show marked improvement as far as packet dropping is concerned. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tuning the Electrical Properties of Si Nanowire Field‐Effect Transistors by Molecular Engineering
Authors: Bashouti Muhammad Y. , Tung Raymond T. , Haick Hossam 
Published: September 2009

AbstractExposed facets of n‐type silicon nanowires (Si NWs) fabricated by a top‐down approach are successfully terminated with different organic functionalities, including 1,3‐dioxan‐2‐ethyl, butyl, allyl, and propyl‐alcohol, using a two‐step chlorination/alkylation method. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry establish the bonding and the coverage of these molecular layers. Field‐effect transistors fabricated from these Si NWs displayed characteristics that depended critically on the type of molecular termination. Without molecules the source–drain conduction is unable to be turned off by negative gate voltages as large as −20 V. Upon adsorption of organic molecules there is an observed increase in the “on” current at large positive gate voltages and also a reduction, by several orders of magnitude, of the “off” current at large negative gate voltages. The zero‐gate voltage transconductance of molecule‐terminated Si NW correlates with the type of organic molecule. Adsorption of butyl and 1,3‐dioxan‐2‐ethyl molecules improves the channel conductance over that of the original SiO2Si NW, while adsorption of molecules with propyl‐alcohol leads to a reduction. It is shown that a simple assumption based on the possible creation of surface states alongside the attachment of molecules may lead to a qualitative explanation of these electrical characteristics. The possibility and potential implications of modifying semiconductor devices by tuning the distribution of surface states via the functionality of attached molecules are discussed.
A cross‐layer partner‐assisted handoff scheme for hierarchical mobile IPv6 in IEEE 802.16e systems
Authors: Chen Yuh‐Shyan , Wu Kun‐Lin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe design of the seamless handoff is the key issue in the next‐generation mobile networks. A new broadband wireless access, called WiMAX, has been specified in the IEEE 802.16e standard document, to provide the high bandwidth and the large coverage area than the IEEE 802.11‐based wireless networks. In the IP‐based mobile network, mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) protocol provides the binding update message to update the mobile station's IP information for supporting the layer 3 mobility. Hierarchical mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) protocol is proposed by employing a hierarchical network structure to reduce handoff latency. HMIPv6 protocol suffers the long handoff delay and the high packet lost in the macro mobility. This paper presents a new cross‐layer partner‐assisted handoff mechanism based on HMIPv6, termed as P_HMIPv6 protocol. The P_HMIPv6 protocol is a cross‐layer approach by the combination of layer 2 and layer 3. The partner station (PS) is a new component with relay ability and adopted by our protocol. With the assistance of the PS, care‐of address (CoA) is pre‐acquired and DAD operation is pre‐executed by the PS before the MS initiates the layer 2 handoff. The simulation results show that P_HMIPv6 protocol actually achieves the performance improvements in handoff delay time, packet loss rate, and handoff delay jitter. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulations and experiments for optimal deployment of an RFID‐based location‐aware system
Authors: Hsu Pang‐Wei , Lin Tzong‐Huei , Chang Herbert H. , Chen Yu‐Ting , Tseng Yin‐Jiun , Hsiao Chia‐Hung , Chan Chia‐Tai , Chiu Hung‐Wen , Yen David Hung‐Tsang , Chen Po‐Chou , Chu Woei‐Chyn 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe proliferation of communication and mobile computing devices and local‐area wireless networks has cultivated a growing interest in location‐aware systems and services. An essential problem in location‐aware computing is the determination of physical locations. RFID technologies are gaining much attention, as they are attractive solutions to indoor localization in many healthcare applications. In this paper, we propose a new indoor localization methodology that aims to deploying RFID technologies in achieving accurate location‐aware undertakings with real‐time computation. The proposed algorithm introduces means to improve the accuracy of the received RF signals. Optimal settings for the parameters in terms of reader and reference tag properties were investigated through simulations and experiments. The experimental results indicate that our indoor localization methodology is promising in applications that require fast installation, low cost and high accuracy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of Botulinum Toxin Type A Before Abdominal Wall Hernia Reconstruction
Authors: Ibarra‐Hurtado Tomas R. , Nuño‐Guzmán Carlos M. , Echeagaray‐Herrera Jorge E. , Robles‐Vélez Everardo , de Jesús González‐Jaime José 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal wall hernia repair after open abdomen management represents a surgical challenge, particularly due to muscle tension and lateral retraction. This study was designed to propose the use of Botulinum Toxin Type A (BTA) before abdominal wall hernia repair.MethodsA prospective study of patients with abdominal wall hernia after open abdomen management was undertaken between September 2007 and January 2009. Bilateral BTA application was performed under electromyographic guidance at the abdominal wall. Transverse abdominal wall defect measurement was practiced at weekly intervals: clinically, in the first two patients, and with CT scan in the following 10 patients. Surgical closure was scheduled if no further hernia defect reduction was noted. Patients were followed at monthly hospital visits.ResultsIn the first two patients, a hernia defect reduction of 50 and 47.2%, respectively, was documented by the third week after BTA application, with no further reduction. In the 10 patients under CT scan hernia defect measurement, when comparing the initial mean transverse defect measure and at 4 weeks after BTA application (13.85 ± 1.49 cm vs. 8.6 ± 2.07 cm), an overall mean reduction of 5.25 ± 2.32 cm was observed (p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 3.59–6.91). Hernia repair was performed, with no recurrences at a mean follow‐up of 9.08 months.ConclusionsBTA application before abdominal wall hernia repair seems to be useful. The lateral muscles paralysis achieved and transverse hernia defect reduction allows a minimal tension closure. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BTA application before abdominal wall hernia reconstruction.
Experience with Reversed L‐Shaped Incision for Right Hemicolectomy Combined with Liver Resection
Authors: Hsu Kuo‐Feng , Yu Jyh‐Cherng , Chen Teng‐Wei , Jao Shu‐Wen , Chan De‐Chuan , Chen Cheng‐Jueng , Shih Ming‐Lang , Liu Yao‐Chi , Fu Chun‐Yu , Hsieh Chung‐Bao 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundVarious types of incisions have been applied in simultaneous resections of colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases. We describe our experience with the reversed L‐shaped incision for simultaneous right hemicolectomy and liver resection.MethodsWe applied the reversed L‐shaped incision in nine patients who underwent simultaneous right hemicolectomy and right liver resection or left hepatectomy. A reversed L‐shaped incision of the abdomen was consisted of midline and transverse incisions with the junction of the umbilicus. The operative field was kept open using Kent retractors. First, right colon mobilization was performed easily and right hemicolectomy was performed. Subsequently, liver mobilization with identification of hepatic vessels was achieved and right liver resection or left hepatectomy was performed.ResultsThe reversed L‐shaped incision successfully provided a good and rapid exposure in nine patients. There were no complications, such as wound infection, lung atelectasis/pneumonia, or incisional hernia, in patients with the reversed L‐shaped incision.ConclusionsOur preliminary experience demonstrated that the reversed L‐shaped incision might be a good choice in a subset of patients with simultaneous right hemicolectomy and right liver resection or left hepatectomy. However, a large, prospective, controlled study comparing different incision types in the same procedure with variables, such as operating time, postoperative pain scores, patient’s satisfaction, and postoperative complication, is needed to support the benefit of the reversed L‐shaped incision.