bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Amazon River plume—a Lagrangian view
Authors: Dippner Joachim W. , Montoya Joseph P. , Subramaniam Ajit , Umbricht Jacqueline , Voss Maren 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHydrographic data, nutrient data and bulk rates of nitrate uptake and primary production were determined in the Amazon River plume (ARP) in the Western Tropical North Atlantic (WTNA) during three cruises in May 2018, June/July 2019, with RV Endeavor and April/May 2021 with RV Meteor. Using daily quasi‐geostrophic surface velocity data from satellite observations, the geographical positions of the stations of observations were transformed onto Lagrangian coordinates to obtain a dynamically coherent and consistent spatial distribution. After the transformation, the observed surface salinity and temperature fields were consistent with the flow fields, the ARP formed a coherent structure and the retroflection of the North Brazil Current became visible. By transforming other surface variables such as nitrate concentration, photosynthetically available radiation, turbidity, bulk rates of nitrate uptake, and primary production onto Lagrangian coordinates, patterns became consistent with the physical variables at the surface. The use of “synchronous” fields as done here by transformation onto Lagrangian coordinates is essential for spatially structured analyses of data collected over tens of days in a highly dynamic region characterized by complex flow fields with low persistence such as the WTNA. Therefore, the use of the Lagrangian method provides a powerful tool for exploring spatial distributions of biologically relevant factors in regions with complex and dynamic flow patterns. These spatial distributions are qualitatively in agreement with satellite images of daily sea surface temperature and composites of monthly mean Chlorophyll a distributions.
Eine haarige Angelegenheit
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGewelltes, krauses oder glattes Haar gewünscht? Kein Problem: Chemische Substanzen knacken Quervernetzungen im Keratin und verändern so die Haarstruktur in die gewollte Richtung. Nun stehen einige der Mittel im Verdacht, der Gesundheit zu schaden.
Natürlich‐nachhaltiges Nano
Authors: Heinzerling Peter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNach den Vorgaben der Kultusministerkonferenz müssen sich Chemieleistungskurse mit Nanomaterialien befassen. Dazu eignen sich Nanopartikel, die sich mit natürlichen Substanzen aus Blüten oder Gewürzen herstellen lassen und Nanomaterialien so erfahr‐ und fassbar machen.
Wie es mit Spaß funktioniert
Authors: Brenner Doris 
Published: May 2024

Abstract„Netzwerken kann ich nicht“, „Mir liegt diese Selbstdarstellung nicht“ – es gibt viele Vorbehalte gegen Networking. Oft entstehen sie aber nur aus falschen Vorstellungen. Und Kontakte knüpfen und pflegen ist leichter, als viele denken.
Augmenting barrier efficiency in clay‐based starch composite films for enhanced packaging sustainability
Authors: Kumari Priyanka , Kumari Neeraj , Mohan Chandra , Al‐Ansari Mysoon M. , Dixit Saurav 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe pervasive utilization of plastic as a cost‐effective packaging material for food has led to environmental concerns, primarily due to its non‐biodegradable nature and the ensuing release of carbon dioxide gas that contributes to global warming. In response to these challenges, researchers have shifted their focus toward biopolymers to develop eco‐friendly packaging solutions. The present study introduces a novel approach to study the release of micronutrient (Fe) from clay free starch‐glycerol film and clay‐starch‐glycerol composite film. The structural composition and characteristics of the synthesized film are meticulously examined using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), ATR, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analytical techniques. Notably, XRD analysis reveals a significant interaction between the starch chains and Mt through hydrogen bonding, indicative of starch and glycerol intercalation within the nanoclay gallery—a phenomenon further corroborated by IR spectra analysis. The nanoclay‐infused starch/glycerol composite film exhibits a noteworthy 2.22‐fold increase in water vapor permeability compared to clay free film, attributed to the formation of a convoluted diffusion path indicating the enhancement of the barrier performance of starch‐based films. Comparative evaluations against earlier studies are undertaken to elucidate the advancements in barrier properties, subsequently elucidating the underlying mechanisms through analytical interpretations. From the release study, the release of Fe2+ from the film with clay was observed to be more prolonged compared to a film without clay. As a result, the Montmorillonite clay–polymer composite film was selected for coating rice seeds using the dip‐coating method.
Moisture effect on tensile and low‐velocity impact tests of flax fabric‐reinforced PLA biocomposite
Authors: Jiao‐Wang Liu , Charca Samuel , Abenojar Juana , Martínez Miguel A. , Santiuste Carlos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the hygrothermal aging effect on the tensile and impact behavior of flax/PLA biocomposites. Specimens underwent up to four weeks of conditioning at 40°C in a climate chamber with water. Analysis covered porosity, moisture diffusibility, and transversal microstructure, enabling assessment of tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact performance in relation to moisture uptake and fiber orientation. The study of tensile properties revealed that at approximately 12% moisture content, stiffness and yield stress decrease, while strength remains constant. Moisture diffusivity is higher in warp and weft yarn directions than the out‐of‐plane direction. Tensile testing at environmental equilibrium moisture reveals greater stiffness in the weft direction, correlated with lower crimp percentage and yarn angle. The main contribution of the paper is the study of the influence of moisture on the impact behavior, the results show that energy absorption capability of flax/PLA biocomposite increases with moisture content.Highlights
Fully biodegradable composite material by heat‐compression molding subjected to hygrothermal aging conditions for up to four weeks.
The moisture diffusivity in both the warp and weft yarn directions registered higher values in comparison to the out‐of‐plane direction.
Tensile testing at environmental equilibrium moisture revealed that the stiffness in the weft direction presented higher values.
At 12% of moisture uptake, the stiffness and yield stress reached their lowest values, while strength remained constant.
However, the low‐velocity impact properties of the composites exhibited improvement with moisture.
Synthetic Data in Medicine
Authors: Ziethmann Paula , Friedrich Sarah , Schlögl-Flierl Kerstin 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungThis paper explores the multifaceted implications of synthetic data in AI model development, particularly
in medical contexts such as oncology. It examines the benefits of synthetic data, including privacy enhancement
and bias reduction, but also highlights the associated risks, such as data loss and bias exacerbation. The
paper discusses the ethical considerations and proposes strategies to ensure resilience in human-machine
relationships, especially in oncology.
EVALUATION FUNCTIONS AND REFLEXIVITY OF BANACH SPACES OF HOLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: CAO GUANGFU , HE LI , LI JI , ZHANG SHUQING 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Let

$B(\Omega )$

be a Banach space of holomorphic functions on a bounded connected domain

$\Omega $

in

${{\mathbb C}^n}$

. In this paper, we establish a criterion for

$B(\Omega )$

to be reflexive via evaluation functions on

$B(\Omega )$

, that is,

$B(\Omega )$

is reflexive if and only if the evaluation functions span the dual space

$(B(\Omega ))^{*} $

.
Assessing the job preferences of senior medical students for mandatory service: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Tozduman Buşra , Sözmen Melih Kaan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To investigate the job preferences of senior medical students for mandatory service as general practitioners using discrete choice experiment.

Introduction:
Health workforce is directly associated with health service coverage and health outcomes. However, there is a global shortage of healthcare workers (HCWs) in rural areas. Discrete choice experiments can guide the policy and decision-makers to increase recruitment and retention of HCWs in remote and rural areas by determining their job preferences. The aim of this study is to investigate job preferences of senior medical students for mandatory service as general practitioners.

Methods:
This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 144 medical students. To estimate students’ preferences for different levels of job attributes, a mixed logit model was utilised. Simulations of job uptake rates and willingness to pay (WTP) estimates were computed.

Findings:
All attributes had an impact on the job preferences of students with the following order of priority: salary, workload, proximity to family/friends, working environment, facility and developmental status. For a normal workload and a workplace closed to family/friends which were the most valued attributes after salary, WTPs were 2818.8 Turkish lira (TRY) ($398.7) and 2287.5 TRY ($323.6), respectively. The preference weights of various job characteristics were modified by gender, the presence of a HCW parent and willingness to perform mandatory service. To recruit young physicians where they are most needed, monetary incentives appear to be the most efficient intervention. Non-pecuniary job characteristics also affected job preferences. Packages of both monetary and non-monetary incentives tailored to individual characteristics would be the most efficient approach.
Future Increase in Lightning Around the South China Sea Under Climate Change
Authors: Xu Liangtao , Cao Xi , Lan Xiaoqing , Zhang Wenjuan , Sun Chenghu , Zhang Yijun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe impact of global warming on lightning flash rates remains relatively unknown. In this study, the South China Sea (SCS) and the surrounding areas within Southeast Asia were selected to examine the long‐term trend and future projection of lightning activity based on the currently longest satellite‐based lightning data set available and climate models. Our study revealed a reduction in the observed lightning flash rates around the SCS, with a linear trend of −0.11 fl km−2 yr−2 during 1996–2013. In contrast, the precipitation around the SCS exhibited an increasing trend and was negatively correlated with the local lightning flash rate. The sea surface temperature gradient over equatorial Pacific Ocean, latent heat flux over the equatorial Indian Ocean, local convective available potential energy, precipitation and aerosol changes collectively accounted for 82% of the variance in the lightning fluctuations over the SCS and Southeast Asia. Multiple linear regression proxies of lightning flash rates were constructed and applied to the climate models. The models indicated that lightning activity around the SCS is projected to intensify by 10% and 12% by the end of the 21st century under SSP245 and SSP370, respectively.
Multiple Lagrangian Jet‐Core Structures in the Malvinas Current
Authors: Bodnariuk N. , Saraceno M. , Ruiz‐Etcheverry L. A. , Simionato C. , Andrade‐Canto F. , Beron‐Vera F. J. , Olascoaga M. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Malvinas Current (MC) in the Southwestern Atlantic is characterized as a system of multiple Lagrangian jets. This is done by applying geodesic theory of Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs) on altimetry‐derived velocity. The number and spatial disposition of jet‐cores organizing the MC are found to vary in time influenced by topographic waves propagating along the current. The Lagrangian analysis reveals that permanent jet‐cores tend to approach one another upstream, yet do not merge into a single jet as the Eulerian analysis of the data suggests. Independent support for the existence of multiple jets is provided by trajectories of surface drifters from a deployment of unparalleled dimensions for the region and ocean color images. The drifters develop the characteristic boomerang‐shaped patterns into which passive tracers straddling jet‐cores deform and exhibit Lagrangian metrics that are largely consistent with those derived from altimetry data. Ocean color imagery reveals similar “chevrons” and suggest upwelling along the jets, which is consistent with a new solution of arrested topographic wave dynamics. This observation and the finding that the MC jet system is influenced by propagating waves suggests that the MC variability may have major implications in the modulation of primary productivity on synoptic timescales. Drifters flowing into the open ocean, exhibit organizing patterns that are largely shaped by mesoscale circulation and essentially differ from those observed along the MC. Evidence of this observation is provided on the basis of LCS analysis and the calculation of a quasi‐objective Lagrangian metric derived directly from drifter trajectories.
Spatially selective p-type doping for constructing lateral WS2 p-n homojunction via low-energy nitrogen ion implantation
Authors: Kang Yufan , Pei Yongfeng , He Dong , Xu Hang , Ma Mingjun , Yan Jialu , Jiang Changzhong , Li Wenqing , Xiao Xiangheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe construction of lateral p-n junctions is very important and challenging in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor manufacturing process. Previous researches have demonstrated that vertical p-n junction can be prepared simply by vertical stacking of 2D materials. However, interface pollution and large area scalability are challenges that are difficult to overcome with vertical stacking technology. Constructing 2D lateral p-n homojunction is an effective strategy to address these issues. Spatially selective p-type doping of 2D semiconductors is expected to construct lateral p-n homojunction. In this work, we have developed a low-energy ion implantation system that reduces the implanted energy to 300 eV. Low-energy implantation can form a shallow implantation depth, which is more suitable for modulating the electrical and optical properties of 2D materials. Hence, we utilize low-energy ion implantation to directly dope nitrogen ions into few-layer WS2 and successfully realize a precise regulation for WS2 with its conductivity type transforming from n-type to bipolar or even p-type conduction. Furthermore, the universality of this method is demonstrated by extending it to other 2D semiconductors, including WSe2, SnS2 and MoS2. Based on this method, a lateral WS2 p-n homojunction is fabricated, which exhibits significant rectification characteristics. A photodetector based on p-n junction with photovoltaic effect is also prepared, and the open circuit voltage can reach to 0.39 V. This work provides an effective way for controllable doping of 2D semiconductors.
Off-camera gaze decreases evaluation scores in a simulated online job interview
Authors: Shinya Masahiro , Yamane Noriko , Mori Yuki , Teaman Brian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDuring the pandemic, digital communication became paramount. Due to the discrepancy between the placement of the camera and the screen in typical smartphones, tablets and laptops, mutual eye contact cannot be made in standard video communication. Although the positive effect of eye contact in traditional communication has been well-documented, its role in virtual contexts remains less explored. In this study, we conducted experiments to gauge the impact of gaze direction during a simulated online job interview. Twelve university students were recruited as interviewees. The interview consisted of two recording sessions where they delivered the same prepared speech: in the first session, they faced the camera, and in the second, they directed their gaze towards the screen. Based on the recorded videos, we created three stimuli: one where the interviewee’s gaze was directed at the camera (CAM), one where the interviewee’s gaze was skewed downward (SKW), and a voice-only stimulus without camera recordings (VO). Thirty-eight full-time workers participated in the study and evaluated the stimuli. The results revealed that the SKW condition garnered significantly less favorable evaluations than the CAM condition and the VO condition. Moreover, a secondary analysis indicated a potential gender bias in evaluations: the female evaluators evaluated the interviewees of SKW condition more harshly than the male evaluators did, and the difference in some evaluation criteria between the CAM and SKW conditions was larger for the female interviewees than for the male interviewees. Our findings emphasize the significance of gaze direction and potential gender biases in online interactions.
Biomaterial-based sponge for efficient and environmentally sound removal of bacteria from water
Authors: You Zewang , Lorente Alejandro , Marlina Dini , Haag Rainer , Wagner Olaf 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDesigning materials capable of disinfecting water without releasing harmful by-products is an ongoing challenge. Here, we report a novel polycationic sponge material synthesized from chitosan derivatives and cellulose fibers, exhibiting antibacterial properties. The design of such material is based on three key principles. First, the formation of a highly porous structure through cryogelation for an extensive surface area. Second, the incorporation of cationic quaternary ammonium moieties onto chitosan to enhance bacterial adsorption and antibacterial activity. Lastly, the reinforcement of mechanical properties through integration of cellulose fibers. The presented sponge materials exhibit up to a 4-log (99.99%) reduction within 6 h against both gram-positive B. subtilis and gram-negative E. coli. Notably, QCHI90/Cell, with the highest surface charge, exhibits a 2–4.5 log reduction within 1 h of incubation time. The eco-friendly synthesis from water and readily available biomaterials, along with cost-effectiveness and simplicity, underscores its versatility and feasibility of upscaling. Together with its outstanding antibacterial activity, this macroporous biomaterial emerges as a promising candidate for water disinfection applications.
The complexometric behavior of selected aroyl-S,N-ketene acetals shows that they are more than AIEgens
Authors: Biesen Lukas , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing the established synthetic methods, aroyl-S,N-ketene acetals and subsequent bi- and multichromophores can be readily synthesized. Aside from pronounced AIE (aggregation induced emission) properties, these selected examples possess distinct complexometric behavior for various metals purely based on the underlying structural motifs. This affects the fluorescence properties of the materials which can be readily exploited for metal ion detection and for the formation of different metal-aroyl-S,N-ketene acetal complexes that were confirmed by Job plot analysis. In particular, gold(I), iron(III), and ruthenium (III) ions reveal complexation enhanced or quenched emission. For most dyes, weakly coodinating complexes were observed, only in case of a phenanthroline aroyl-S,N-ketene acetal multichromophore, measurements indicate the formation of a strongly coordinating complex. For this multichromophore, the complexation results in a loss of fluorescence intensity whereas for dimethylamino-aroyl-S,N-ketene acetals and bipyridine bichromophores, the observed quantum yield is nearly tripled upon complexation. Even if no stable complexes are formed, changes in absorption and emission properties allow for a simple ion detection.
Assessment of serum vitamin D levels in children aged 0–17 years old in a Chinese population: a comprehensive study
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Zhou Lijun , Ren Yaqiong , Zhang Hongyan , Qiu Wenna , Wang Hongying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVitamin D deficiency and insufficiency pose global public health challenges, yet research on serum vitamin D levels in the 0–17-year-old age group in southeastern China remains limited. This study aimed to fill this gap by investigating serum 25(OH)D levels in children in the region aged 0–17 years, contributing crucial data for understanding vitamin D nutritional status. Liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) technology was used. Vitamin D testing was integrated into routine diagnostic procedures for 11,116 children in Wujiang District, Suzhou City. Among the 0–17-year age group, comprising 6348 boys and 4768 girls, the prevalence of serum 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency was 21.4% and 31.0%, respectively. The median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 29.72 ng/mL (21.84–39.84 ng/mL) in boys compared to 28.48 ng/mL (20.65–39.23 ng/mL) in girls. Seasonal variations were observed, with median serum 25(OH)D concentrations of 29.02 ng/mL (20.73–39.72 ng/mL) in spring, 28.79 ng/mL (21.53–39.37 ng/mL) in summer, 30.12 ng/mL (22.00–39.70 ng/mL) in autumn, and 28.58 ng/mL (19.97–39.46 ng/mL) in winter. Statistically significant differences were noted in the serum 25(OH)D levels during autumn and winter. In conclusion, the rate of adequate vitamin D levels in local children was 47.5%, revealing a relatively high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (21.4%) and insufficiency (31.0%), especially during the post-preschool period. Advocating for vitamin D supplementation in children is crucial for ensuring adequate vitamin D support.
Analysis of spatial patterns and influencing factors of farmland transfer in China based on ESDA-GeoDetector
Authors: He Xiuli , Liu Wenxin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFarmland transfer is a critical component in facilitating agricultural scale management and improving agricultural production efficiency. This study examines the spatial distribution of farmland transfer in China and identifies the factors influencing it, offering valuable guidance for advancing China’s farmland transfer practices. Through the application of mathematical statistics and GIS spatial analysis, the study investigates changes in spatial patterns related to the scale, rate, mode, and recipients of farmland transfer across China's 30 provinces from 2015 to 2020. Geographical detectors are also employed to identify the key factors influencing the extent and pace of farmland transfer. The study reveals that between 2015 and 2020, China's farmland transfer area increased from 29,789 to 37,638 million hectares. Provinces with abundant farmland resources generally experienced larger farmland transfers, while economically developed regions and major grain-producing areas saw higher rates of farmland transfers. The predominant mode of farmland transfer in China was leasing (subcontracting), accounting for over 80% of the total transferred area. Large-scale grain growers and family farms were significant participants in farmland transfers, acquiring approximately 60.1% of the transferred lands, followed by professional cooperatives (21.5%), enterprises (10.4%), and other entities (7.9%). Key factors influencing the farmland transfer area include the "regional farmland area", the "proportion of family farms supported by loans", and the "proportion of non-agricultural population", with explanatory powers of 0.663, 0.319, and 0.225, respectively. Notably, there is a substantial interaction between the "regional farmland area" and factors such as the "proportion of family farms supported by loans" and the "grain yield per unit area", with explanatory powers reaching 0.957 and 0.901, respectively. These findings offer valuable insights for promoting farmland transfer in agriculturally rich regions. Factors affecting the farmland transfer rate include "grain yield per unit area", "GDP per capita", and the "proportion of non-agricultural population", each with an explanatory power above 0.500. Moreover, their interactive explanatory powers with other indicators exceed 0.600, indicating that provinces with high agricultural productivity or economic development levels are more likely to undergo farmland transfer. The paper concludes by proposing strategies and recommendations to promote farmland transfer in both "large agricultural areas" and "metropolitan suburbs."