bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Measure of a Magazine: Assessing the Influence of the Christian Century
Authors: Coffman Elesha 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe Christian Century is generally regarded as the most influential Protestant magazine of the early twentieth century. But what does it mean to call the Century influential? Whom did it influence, and how? This article takes a historical approach, examining the size of the Century's audience, the nature of the magazine's impact on its readers, and the ability of those readers to extend the magazine's impact beyond themselves. The main source for this investigation is a cache of more than 2,100 unpublished letters collected in 1928 to celebrate Charles Clayton Morrison's twentieth anniversary as editor. In subscribers' own words, the letters illustrated the Century's role as a crucial link among readers with similar backgrounds and aspirations, as well as the limits of its reach beyond this cohort. The article argues that the Century was influential, but not because it converted (directly or through its clergy readers) large numbers of American Protestants to its progressive vision for Christianity. Rather, the Century was primarily influential in the process of mainline identification, both in the sense of defining which writers, institutions, and ideas belonged to the emerging mainline tradition and in the sense of offering readers an opportunity to identify with that tradition. A better understanding of the Century's influence during the Morrison era sheds light on the rise of the mainline. Additionally, a better understanding of the kinds of influence magazines do and do not exercise is helpful for anyone who looks to periodicals to provide a barometer of cultural trends.
Improving Ethics Education in Accounting: Lessons from Medicine and Law
Authors: Liu Chunhui , Yao Lee J , Hu Nan 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to offer accounting educators additional perspectives for ethics education by considering teaching approaches from medicine and law. It takes the form of literature review and argument. The paper finds that ethics education in accounting shows deficiencies in terms of code-bound content, less systematic formal training, less informal hands-on training, and less usage of partnering in comparison to ethics education in medicine and law, thereby producing students with higher moral cognitive capabilities. Based on these findings, the authors provide some recommendations for improvement.
Data Availability:  Data used in this study are available from the first author upon request.
Complement Activation and Prognosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mellbin Linda G. , Bjerre Mette , Thiel Steffen , Hansen Troels K. 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVEThe activation of the complement system may be involved in the pathology of myocardial infarction (MI) and type 2 diabetes. To explore their potential as prognostic markers, we characterized two factors in the complement cascade, the end product sC5b-9 and the mannose-binding lectin–associated Ser protease-2 (MASP-2), in type 2 diabetic patients with suspected MI.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSPlasma sC5b-9 and MASP-2 were determined in patients with MI and type 2 diabetes (n = 397; median age 70; male 68%). The adjudicated end points were cardiovascular events (CVEs), including cardiovascular mortality and nonfatal MI or stroke.RESULTSThe median sC5b-9 was 134 μg/L (interquartile range [IQR] 101–190 μg/L) and the median MASP-2 was 333 μg/L (IQR 235–463 μg/L), with no significant correlation between them. Women had higher sC5b-9 than men (median 152 vs. 130 μg/L; P = 0.02). Both sC5b-9 and MASP-2 were correlated to age and creatinine clearance, while MASP-2 was also correlated to BMI. During a median follow-up of 2.4 years, CVEs occurred in 141 patients (36%). Both sC5b-9 (hazard ratio 1.37 [95% CI 1.13–1.65]; P &lt; 0.01) and MASP-2 (0.68 [0.51–0.92]; P = 0.01) predicted CVEs in unadjusted analyses. After multiple adjustments, the predictive capacity remained for sC5b-9 (1.30 [1.02–1.66]; P = 0.04) but not for MASP-2.CONCLUSIONSIn type 2 diabetic patients with MI, high levels of sC5b-9 predict future CVE. This indicates that the complement system may play a significant role in the pathology of the subsequent myocardial damage and that the pathways leading to complement activation warrant further exploration as potential therapeutic targets to improve the prognosis for these patients.
Metabolic Consequences of Hepatic Steatosis in Overweight and Obese Adolescents
Authors: Wicklow Brandy A. , Wittmeier Kristy D.M. , MacIntosh Andrea C. , Sellers Elizabeth A.C. , Ryner Lawrence , Serrai Hacene , Dean Heather J. , McGavock Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE
To test the hypothesis that hepatic steatosis is associated with risk factors for type 2 diabetes in overweight and obese youth, mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study comparing insulin sensitivity between 30 overweight and obese adolescents with hepatic steatosis, 68 overweight and obese adolescents without hepatic steatosis, and 11 healthy weight adolescents without hepatic steatosis. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by a graded maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Secondary outcomes included presence of metabolic syndrome and glucose response to a 75-g oral glucose challenge.

RESULTS
The presence of hepatic steatosis was associated with 55% lower insulin sensitivity (P = 0.02) and a twofold greater prevalence of metabolic syndrome (P = 0.001). Differences in insulin sensitivity (3.5 vs. 4.5 mU ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1, P = 0.03), prevalence of metabolic syndrome (48 vs. 20%, P = 0.03), and glucose area under the curve (816 vs. 710, P = 0.04) remained between groups after matching for age, sex, and visceral fat. The association between hepatic steatosis and insulin sensitivity (β = −0.24, t = −2.29, P &lt; 0.025), metabolic syndrome (β = −0.54, t = −5.8, P &lt; 0.001), and glucose area under the curve (β = 0.33, t = 3.3, P &lt; 0.001) was independent of visceral and whole-body adiposity. Cardiorespiratory fitness was not associated with hepatic steatosis, insulin sensitivity, or presence of metabolic syndrome.

CONCLUSIONS
Hepatic steatosis is associated with type 2 diabetes risk factors independent of cardiorespiratory fitness, whole-body adiposity, and visceral fat mass.
The Accuracy Benefit of Multiple Amperometric Glucose Sensors in People With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Castle Jessica R. , Pitts Amy , Hanavan Kathryn , Muhly Rhonda , El Youssef Joseph , Hughes-Karvetski Colleen , Kovatchev Boris , Ward W. Kenneth 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE
To improve glucose sensor accuracy in subjects with type 1 diabetes by using multiple sensors and to assess whether the benefit of redundancy is affected by intersensor distance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Nineteen adults with type 1 diabetes wore four Dexcom SEVEN PLUS subcutaneous glucose sensors during two 9-h studies. One pair of sensors was worn on each side of the abdomen, with each sensor pair placed at a predetermined distance apart and 20 cm away from the opposite pair. Arterialized venous blood glucose levels were measured every 15 min, and sensor glucose values were recorded every 5 min. Sensors were calibrated once at the beginning of the study.

RESULTS
The use of four sensors significantly reduced very large errors compared with one sensor (0.4 vs. 2.6% of errors ≥50% from reference glucose, P &lt; 0.001) and also improved overall accuracy (mean absolute relative difference, 11.6 vs. 14.8%, P &lt; 0.001). Using only two sensors also significantly improved very large errors and accuracy. Intersensor distance did not affect the function of sensor pairs.

CONCLUSIONS
Sensor accuracy is significantly improved with the use of multiple sensors compared with the use of a single sensor. The benefit of redundancy is present even when sensors are positioned very closely together (7 mm). These findings are relevant to the design of an artificial pancreas device.
Validation of Diabetic Retinopathy and Maculopathy Diagnoses Recorded in a U.K. Primary Care Database
Authors: Martín-Merino Elisa , Fortuny Joan , Rivero Elena , García-Rodríguez Luis Alberto 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE
To describe the validity of recorded diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic maculopathy (DMP) diagnoses, including edema (DMO) in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In two independent computer searches, we detected 20,838 patients with diabetes aged 1–84 years with a first DR computer Read entry in 2000–2008 and 4,064 with a first DMP entry. A two-step strategy was used to validate both outcomes as follows: 1) review of patient profiles including free-text comments from primary care practitioners (PCPs) (containing referral information and test results) of a random sample of 500 DR and all DMP computer-detected patients. We classified them in probable, possible, and noncase according to the diagnosis plausibility based on the manual review of the computerized information; and 2) review of questionnaires sent by PCPs and medical records in a random sample (N = 200 for each outcome including 36 diabetic macular edema [DMO]). Gold standard was PCPs’ confirmation.

RESULTS
After profiles review, we categorized 418 as probable/possible DR. In addition, 3,676 DMP were categorized as probable/possible (including 711 DMO). After review of information sent by PCPs, confirmation rates were 87.3 and 87.2%, respectively (90.3% for DMO). When we applied them to the whole sample of computer-detected patients, the weighted confirmation rate was 78.0% for DR and 78.8% for DMP (86.2% for DMO).

CONCLUSIONS
Read codes for DR, DM, and DMO are moderately accurate in identifying incident case subjects of these ophthalmologic complications. The validity improved when incorporating PCPs’ text comments to the patient’s profile. THIN database proved to be a valuable resource to study ophthalmological diabetes complications.
Increased Toll-Like Receptor Activity in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Jialal Ishwarlal , Huet Beverley A. , Kaur Harmeet , Chien Alexander , Devaraj Sridevi 
Published: February 2012

OBJECTIVE
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent and confers an increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). While MetS is a proinflammatory state, there is a paucity of data on cellular inflammation in MetS. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are classical pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune response.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The aim of this study was to examine monocyte TLR2 and TLR4 in MetS patients without diabetes or CVD and control subjects since both of the receptors have been implicated in atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. Fasting blood was obtained for TLR expression and activity.

RESULTS
Circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1) were significantly increased in MetS versus control subjects following adjustment for waist circumference. There was a significant increase in both TLR2 and TLR4 surface expression and mRNA on monocytes after adjustment for waist circumference. In addition to increased nuclear factor-κB nuclear binding, there was significantly increased release of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in MetS versus control subjects following priming of the monocytes with lipopolysaccharides. While both plasma free fatty acids and endotoxin were increased in MetS, they correlated significantly with TLR4 only.

CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, we make the novel observation that both TLR2 and TLR4 expression and activity are increased in the monocytes of patients with MetS and could contribute to increased risk for diabetes and CVD.
The role of rivers and streams in the migration of alien plants into the Polish Carpathians
Authors: Zając Adam , Tokarska-Guzik Barbara , Zając Maria 
Published: February 2012

The role of rivers and streams in the migration of alien plants into the Polish Carpathians
The Carpathians are among the regions of Poland that are generally less susceptible to invasive alien plants. The factor limiting the spread of the species of this group is, above all, the mountain climate. Even species originating from other mountain regions, e.g. the Himalayan Impatiens glandulifera, have their localities only at low elevations, in the Carpathian foothills. In most cases, alien plant species migrate into the Carpathians from the lowlands. The river valleys provide the migration corridors used by alien species in the course of their progress into new territories of the upper mountain localities. The situation along some mountain rivers, where invasive alien species dominate the native vegetation, is dramatic. Their spread is facilitated not only by easy diaspore transport but also by some anthropogenic factors, such as, river engineering and the transformation of riparian habitats and progressing devastation. Currently, we can observe some invasive alien plants "in statu nascendi", developing a new, secondary range in the Carpathians (e.g. Chaerophyllum aureum) or at the foothills, along the Wisła (Vistula) and San river valleys (e.g. Eragrostis albensis). For some species, cities were the destination for the first stage of future migration, e.g. Acer negundo. In the Carpathians, where many national parks and nature reserves are located, the continuous monitoring of the spread of invasive alien plants should be one of the principal activities of botanists.
Two morphologically distinct groups of the Calypogeia fissa complex were found in Europe
Authors: Buczkowska Katarzyna , Sawicki Jakub , Szczecińska Monika , Rosadziński Stanisław , Rabska Mariola , Bączkiewicz Alina 
Published: February 2012

Two morphologically distinct groups of the Calypogeia fissa complex were found in Europe
Two genetically distinct groups (PS and PB) detected previously within the C. fissa complex in Europe were studied with respect to 47 morphometric characters. The two examined groups differed statistically significantly with respect to 34 morphological traits. The forward stepwise method of discriminant analysis showed that the set of diagnostic characters could be limited to nine. The best diagnostic features were morphological characters describing the shape of leaf: length and width of leaf, height of dorsal part and distance from the apex to the ventral base of the leaf, length of the 3rd coordinate of the leaf, and underleaf width as well as characters of the stem: length of internodes and size of internode cells. Plants of the PS group were smaller (shoot width range from 922-1780 μm) than plants of the PB group (1600-3900 μm). Based on genetically identified samples, classification functions for each group were computed and the derived functions were used for the classification of samples from the herbarium collections. The principal component analysis and dendrogram constructed on the basis of Euclidean distance, using the set of diagnostic characters, divided the examined samples into two groups that correlated with groups detected by isozyme markers. Results of multivariable analysis showed that it is possible to satisfactorily characterise morphologically both genetically distinct groups of the C. fissa complex.
Long-term changes and maintenance of Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman population in the Wodąca Valley (the Cracow-Częstochowa Upland)
Authors: Wika Stanisław , Barć Alicja 
Published: February 2012

Long-term changes and maintenance of Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman population in the Wodąca Valley (the Cracow-Częstochowa Upland)
The Cracow-Częstochowa Upland is an important mesoregion for the maintenance of Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newman and its habitat with the Phyllitido-Aceretum Moor 1952 association. Studies in the Wodąca Valley focused on: the determination of the actual numerical force and quantitative changes in hart's-tongue resources between 1999 and 2009, a comparison of these results with literature, as well as on the indication of appropriate solutions for conservation purposes and for tourist exploitation of the Jurassic outcrops. Results of these studies provide scientific arguments for the maintenance of Phyllitis scolopendrium in the Wodąca Valley, on the edge of its European range.
Xerothermic grasslands of Pilica surroundings - diversity, threats and directions of changes
Authors: Babczyńska-Sendek Beata , Kloczkowska Agata , Błońska Agnieszka 
Published: February 2012

Xerothermic grasslands of Pilica surroundings - diversity, threats and directions of changes
Xerothermic grasslands from three stands in the surroundings of the town of Pilica in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland were investigated. It was ascertained that they represent two phytosociological units: Adonido-Brachypodietum (with two variants) and Silene otites-Thymus austriacus community. Moreover, phytocoenoses with a high contribution of xerothermic plants (Thymus-Anthyllis vulneraria community) were found in some places on the abandoned fields. On the basis of the comparison of new data and old phytosociological relevés, only slight changes over 30 years were observed. The differences concerned mostly the coverage of particular species. However, some plants disappeared and other were new (e.g. seedlings of trees and shrubs). Generally, these species were not too frequent and had inconsiderable cover. The changes which occurred manifested themselves also in the differences of mean values of some ecological indicators and in the increase of competitors, as well as clonal species.
Modelling the Choice of Optimal Structural Business Process Model in a Telecommunications Company
Authors: Korzachenko Olga , Getman Vadim 
Published: February 2012

Modelling the Choice of Optimal Structural Business Process Model in a Telecommunications Company
This paper considers the problem of optimal structural business process model choice in a telecommunications company using mathematical methods and mathematical model construction. For modelling this problem a hierarchical structure is proposed due to a number of advantages. The paper offers a modified Analytic Hierarchy Process method to solve the given problem that leads to gaining adequate results. The paper discusses the results of modelling and gives recommendations how to increase the efficiency of telecommunications company activity. The recommendations are based on the model calculations obtained.
Matrix Neuro-Fuzzy Self-Organizing Clustering Network
Authors: Bodyanskiy Yevgeniy , Volkova Valentyna , Skuratov Mark 
Published: February 2012

Matrix Neuro-Fuzzy Self-Organizing Clustering NetworkIn this article the problem of clustering massive data sets, which are represented in the matrix form, is considered. The article represents the 2-D self-organizing Kohonen map and its self-learning algorithms based on the winner-take-all (WTA) and winner-take-more (WTM) rules with Gaussian and Epanechnikov functions as the fuzzy membership functions, and without the winner. The fuzzy inference for processing data with overlapping classes in a neural network is introduced. It allows one to estimate membership levels for every sample to every class. This network is the generalization of a vector neuro- and neuro-fuzzy Kohonen network and allows for data processing as they are fed in the on-line mode.
Impact of Antibody Panel Size on Classification Accuracy
Authors: Polaka Inese , Borisov Arkady 
Published: February 2012

Impact of Antibody Panel Size on Classification Accuracy
This paper experimentally studies the influence of antibody panel size reduction on classification results. The presented study includes four classification methods and five feature evaluators that are applied to five different biomedical data sets with large dimensionality (1200 features). The behaviour of the classifiers in these data sets is examined to reveal overall trends of dimensionality reduction impact on classification accuracy.
Construction of Equity Portfolio on the Basis of Data Envelopment Analysis Approach
Authors: Arshinova Tatyana 
Published: February 2012

Construction of Equity Portfolio on the Basis of Data Envelopment Analysis ApproachThe research focus of the scientific paper is on the problem of equity portfolio construction. The author recommends applying frontier analysis technique such as Data Envelopment Analysis to the performance measurement of emitters. Using modern computer technologies, the author has calculated efficiency score of twenty Baltic companies which are quoted at NASDAQ OMX Riga and NASDAQ OMX Tallinn stock exchanges on the basis of DEA CCR approach and elaborated proposals for effective asset allocation.
A numerical method for solving the horizontal resection problem in Surveying
Authors: Dekov D. 
Published: February 2012

A numerical method for solving the horizontal resection problem in SurveyingThe three-point resection problem, i.e., the problem of obtaining the position of an unknown point from relative angular measurements to three known stations is a basic operation in surveying engineering. In the last centuries, a number of approaches to solve this problem have been developed. In this note, a new numerical approach to solve this problem is presented. The method uses only basic formulae from coordinate geometry. We present also numerical simulations that show the good performance and accuracy of this approach.
Foliar epidermis morphology in Quercus (subgenus Quercus, section Quercus) in Iran
Authors: Panahi Parisa , Jamzad Ziba , Pourmajidian Mohammad , Fallah Asghar , Pourhashemi Mehdi 
Published: February 2012

Foliar epidermis morphology inQuercus(subgenusQuercus, sectionQuercus) in IranThe foliar morphology of trichomes, epicuticular waxes and stomata inQuercus cedrorum, Q. infectoriasubsp.boissieri, Q. komarovii, Q. longipes, Q. macranthera, Q. petraeasubsp.ibericaandQ. robursubsp.pedunculiflorawere studied by scanning electron microscopy. The trichomes are mainly present on abaxial leaf surface in most species, but rarely they appear on adaxial surface. Five trichome types are identified as simple uniseriate, bulbous, solitary, fasciculate and stellate. The stomata of all studied species are of the anomocytic type, raised on the epidermis. The stomata rim may or may not be covered with epicuticular. The epicuticular waxes are mostly of the crystalloid type but smooth layer wax is observed inQ. robursubsp.pedunculiflora.Statistical analysis revealed foliar micromorphological features as been diagnostic characters inQuercus.
Southeastern-Alpine endemic Leontodon hispidus subsp. brumatii (Cichoriaceae) in the Sava valley (central Slovenia)
Authors: Dakskobler Igor , Seliškar Andrej , Vreš Branko 
Published: February 2012

Southeastern-Alpine endemicLeontodon hispidussubsp.brumatii(Cichoriaceae) in the Sava valley (central Slovenia)In the spring and summer of 2010 a number of new localities of the southeastern-Alpine endemicLeontodon hispidussubsp.brumatiiwere found on temporarily flooded riparian rocks in the gorge of the Sava River between the village of Sava and Zidani Most (central Slovenia). The species has so far been known only in northeastern Italy and western Slovenia (the Soča valley). In order to obtain more specific information its sites were studied phytosociologically and the communities in which it grows in the Sava and the Soča valleys compared. Two new associations were described on the basis of these comparisons:Triseto argentei-Leontodontetum brumatiiass. nov. andLeontodonti brumatii-Seslerietum calcariaeass. nov. As this endemic taxon and its endemic communities are a characteristic of riparian flora and vegetation of some Slovenian mountain rivers and as its localities in the Sava valley are explicitly disjunct and the southeastern-most in the entire known distribution area, they deserve to be studied and protected.