bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonochemical Synthesis of 0D, 1D, and 2D Zinc Oxide Nanostructures in Ionic Liquids and Their Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Alammar Tarek , Mudring Anja‐Verena 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUltrasound synthesis of zinc oxide from zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide in ionic liquids (ILs) is a fast, facile, and effective, yet highly morphology‐ and size‐selective route to zinc oxide nanostructures of various dimensionalities. No additional organic solvents, water, surfactants, or templating agents are required. Depending on the synthetic conditions, the selective manufacturing of 0D, 1D, and 2D ZnO nanostructures is possible: Whereas the formation of rodlike structures is typically favored, ZnO nanoparticles can be obtained either under strongly basic conditions or by use of ILs with a long alkyl chain, such as 1‐n‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([Cnmim][Tf2N];n>8). A short ultrasound irradiation time favors the formation of ZnO nanosheets. Prolonged irradiation leads to the conversion of the ZnO nanosheets into nanorods. In contrast, ionothermal synthesis (conventional heating) does not allow for morphology tuning by variation of the IL or other synthesis conditions, as the longer reaction times required lead always to the formation of well‐developed hexagonal nanocrystals with prismatic tips. The ZnO nanostructures synthesized by using ultrasound were efficient photocatalysts in the photodegradation of methyl orange. The photoactivity was observed to be as high as 95 % for ZnO nanoparticles obtained in [C10mim][Tf2N].
A Versatile Protocol for the Quantitative and Smooth Conversion of Phosphane Oxides into Synthetically Useful Pyrazolylphosphonium Salts
Authors: Feldmann Kai‐Oliver , Schulz Stephen , Klotter Felix , Weigand Jan J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA convenient protocol for the smooth conversion of the resistant PO bond in phosphane oxides into a reactive PN bond of synthetically useful pyrazolylphosphonium salts is described. A highly charged, oxophilic, phosphorus‐centered trication is employed and the reactions are conducted at room temperature with quantitative yields. The resulting pyrazolylphosphonium cations are valuable synthetic intermediates and are used for the synthesis of a variety of organophosphorus compounds. This represents a new approach towards the transformation of the rather inert phosphoryl group under very mild reaction and workup conditions and aims towards alternatives to existing reduction methods for phosphane oxide functionalization.
The First Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Putaminoxin E and Its Epimer and Evaluation of Their Biological Properties
Authors: Sudhakar Chithaluri , Reddy Parigi Raghavendar , Kumar Chityal Ganesh , Sujitha Pombala , Das Biswanath 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPutaminoxin E, a natural nonanolide, and its C‐9 epimer were synthesized for the first time starting from pentane‐1,5‐diol and butyraldehyde. The synthetic sequences involve Maruoka asymmetric allylation, Sharpless kinetic resolution, and ring‐closing metathesis as the key steps. The cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of these compounds were evaluated.
Average level crossing rate of microcellular mobile radio system with selection combining in the presence of arbitrary number of cochannel interferences
Authors: Panajotović Aleksandra , Stefanović Mihajlo , Drača Dragan , Sekulović Nikola 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper provides an exact and rapidly converging infinite‐series expression for the average level crossing rate of dual selection combining receiver in a communication system with a Rician desired signal affected by multiple Nakagami‐m cochannel interferences. The branch selection is based on the desired signal power algorithm with input signals assumed to be correlated because of insufficient distance between diversity branches. The proposed mathematical analysis is complemented by various numerical results showing the effects of various system's parameters. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of donepezil on cognitive performance after sleep deprivation
Authors: Dodds Chris M. , Bullmore Edward T. , Henson Richard N. , Christensen Soren , Miller Sam , Smith Marie , Dewit Odile , Lawrence Phil , Nathan Pradeep J. 
Published: December 2011

ObjectivesTo identify tasks that were sensitive to a temporary decline in cognitive performance after sleep deprivation and to investigate the ability of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil to reverse any sleep deprivation‐induced impairment.MethodsThirty healthy volunteers were administered either a 5‐mg daily dose of donepezil or placebo for 14–17 days, in a double‐blind parallel group design, then underwent either 24 h sleep deprivation or a normal night of sleep in non‐blinded crossover, and were subsequently tested on a battery of cognitive tasks designed to measure different components of memory and executive function.ResultsSleep deprivation selectively impaired performance on several memory tasks whilst also impairing non‐memory function on these tasks. Performance on other tasks was spared. Despite partially reversing the decline in subjective alertness associated with sleep deprivation, treatment with donepezil failed to significantly reverse the decline in cognitive performance on any of the tasks.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the sensitivity of certain tests, particularly those that measure memory function, to cognitive impairment after sleep deprivation. The inability of donepezil to reverse this performance decline suggests that the sleep deprivation model of cognitive impairment may not be suitable for detecting pro‐cognitive effects of cholinergic augmentation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EVALUATION OF THE CHASHMA RIGHT BANK IRRIGATION PROJECT AND STRATEGY FORMULATION USING THE SWOT APPROACH
Authors: Atta‐Ur‐Rahman  , Nawaz Khan Amir , Ali Zulfiqar 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper attempts to evaluate the Chashma Right Bank Irrigation Project (CRBIP) and formulate strategy for regional irrigation management using the SWOT approach. The study area (D.I. Khan District) falls in the arid agro‐ecological zone of Pakistan, where availability of water for irrigation is a serious issue. In this article, emphasis has been put on identifying both the external and internal positive and negative factors of CRBIP and the proposed Chashma Right Bank 1st Lift Irrigation Project (CRB1stLIP). For SWOT activity, ten indicators were tested: namely land use, cropping pattern, cropping intensity, agricultural production, irrigation, groundwater table, seed, mechanization, fertilizer, pesticides and waterlogging. Data pertaining to these variables were obtained from both primary and secondary sources, including farmers, community leaders, line agencies, technical experts, local administrators and focus group discussion with the key stakeholders. The SWOT analysis was undertaken for all the selected variables and the result deduced in light of the socio‐economic and physio‐ecological environment of the area. The article clearly explains the available strengths and opportunities in the land and agricultural sector for regional irrigation management and for eliminating the negative effects of CRBIP. On the basis of the SWOT analysis, the article also provides strategies for accelerating positive factors and mitigating the harmful consequences. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early versus Late Disclosure of Evidence: Effects on Verbal Cues to Deception, Confessions, and Lie Catchers' Accuracy
Authors: Jordan Sarah , Hartwig Maria , Wallace Brian , Dawson Evan , Xhihani Andi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe strategic use of evidence (SUE)—a method of using case information to elicit different verbal responses from guilty and innocent suspects—has been shown to increase cues to deception and lie detection accuracy. This study manipulated the timing of evidence presentation to determine its effect on cues to deception, lie detection accuracy, and confession rates. Liars were less consistent with the evidence, and SUE was associated with higher lie detection accuracy. Results showed no difference between early and late disclosure of evidence on suspects' confession rates, nor on the diagnosticity of the confessions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotional processing in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review
Authors: Péron Julie , Dondaine Thibaut , Le Jeune Florence , Grandjean Didier , Vérin Marc 
Published: December 2011

AbstractParkinson's disease provides a useful model for studying the neural substrates of emotional processing. The striato‐thalamo‐cortical circuits, like the mesolimbic dopamine system that modulates their function, are thought to be involved in emotional processing. As Parkinson's disease is histopathologically characterized by the selective, progressive, and chronic degeneration of the nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic dopamine systems, it can therefore serve as a model for assessing the functional role of these circuits in humans. In the present review, we begin by providing a synopsis of the emotional disturbances observed in Parkinson's disease. We then discuss the functional roles of the striato‐thalamo‐cortical and mesolimbic circuits, ending with the conclusion that both these pathways are indeed involved in emotional processing. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Evaluation of periodic limb movements in a putative animal model of restless leg syndrome
Authors: Lopes Cleide , Esteves Andrea M. , Frussa‐Filho Roberto , Tufik Sergio , de Mello Marco Tulio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRestless leg syndrome (RLS) is a major healthcare burden with increasing prevalence. It has been demonstrated that periodic limb movements (PLM) can occur as an isolated phenomenon, but they are often associated with this syndrome and are the only symptom of this disorder that can be measured electrophysiologically. The aim of this study was to examine the sleep‐wake behavior and the presence of limb movement in a rat model of RLS induced by lesioning the A11 dopaminergic nuclei with the neurotoxin 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA). Rats were implanted with electrodes for electrocorticography and electromyography. Sleep recordings were monitored during light/dark periods lasting 12 hours each and were evaluated on days 7, 15, and 28 after injection of the drug or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). A control group that did not receive any injection was also included. Wakefulness percentages were generated for 4‐hour segments of the dark period, yielding the following 3 bins: 7 PM to 11 PM, 11 PM to 3 AM, and 3 PM to 7 PM. Additionally, slow wave sleep, paradoxical sleep, wakefulness, and limb movements were evaluated over the entire 12 hours of the light/dark cycle. All A11‐lesioned rats exhibited an increased percentage of wakefulness during the last block of the dark period, as would be expected for an animal model of this syndrome. In addition, at all time points after lesioning, these animals presented increased frequencies of limb movement during both the light and the dark periods. These alterations were reversed by the acute administration of the dopaminergic agonist pramipexole. This animal model strengthens the notion that 6‐OHDA–induced A11 lesions can be a valid animal model for RLS and PLM. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Molecular and immunological characterization of Mus a 5 allergen from banana fruit
Authors: Aleksic Ivana , Popovic Milica , Dimitrijevic Rajna , Andjelkovic Uros , Vassilopoulou Emilia , Sinaniotis Athanassios , Atanaskovic‐Markovic Marina , Lindner Buko , Petersen Arnd , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Gavrovic‐Jankulovic Marija 
Published: December 2011

AbstractScope Banana fruit has become an important cause of fruit allergy in the recent years. Among the five registered IUIS allergens, Mus a 1 and Mus a 2 have been characterized in detail. In this study, molecular characterization and evaluation of the allergenic properties of β‐1,3‐glucanase from banana (Musa acuminata), denoted as Mus a 5, were performedMethods and results The gene of Mus a 5 was cloned and sequenced. The obtained cDNA revealed a novel Mus a 5 isoform with an open reading frame encoding a protein of 340 amino acids comprising a putative signal peptide of 28 amino acid residues. By MALDI‐TOF analysis Mus a 5 isolated from banana fruit revealed a molecular mass of 33451±67 Da. Two Mus a 5 isoforms (pI 7.7 and 8.0) were detected by 2D immunoblot with an identical N‐terminal sequence. By mass fingerprint, 76 and 83% of the primary structure was confirmed for the two mature Mus a 5 isoforms, respectively. IgE reactivity to Mus a 5 was found in 74% of patients sensitized to banana fruit. Upregulation of basophil activation markers CD63 and CD203c was achieved with Mus a 5 in a concentration‐dependent mannerConclusion Mus a 5 is a functional allergen and a candidate for the component‐resolved allergy diagnosis of banana allergy.
3D FLAIRED: 3D fluid attenuated inversion recovery for enhanced detection of lesions in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Polak Paul , Magnano Christopher , Zivadinov Robert , Poloni Guy 
Published: December 2011

AbstractContrast optimization of a three‐dimensional (3D) Fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence is examined in the context of multiple sclerosis. In order to develop 3D FLAIR for enhanced detection of lesions, an iterative approach based on theoretical considerations was used. The 3D FLAIR sequence was systematically acquired with incremental parameter changes on a single subject with multiple sclerosis in a 3‐T MRI scanner. Region of interest analysis was performed on the images, and the best estimate of the optimal acquisition parameters was established. This process was iterated on subsequent patients with multiple sclerosis until only marginal gains in quality were obtained. Three‐dimensional FLAIR for enhanced detection produced increased lesion detection and identification in the supratentorial and infratentorial regions when compared with default GE 3D FLAIR and two‐dimensional FLAIR sequences. Lesion border delineation was enhanced as evidenced by better lesion and white matter contrast ratios, demonstrating that the approach is a viable method for improved lesion detection. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using the RD rational Arnoldi method inside exponential integrators
Authors: Novati Paolo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe consider the use of the Restricted‐Denominator (RD) rational Arnoldi method for the computation of the core functions of exponential integrators for parabolic problems. Reliable and easy‐to‐use a‐posteriori error bounds are presented. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Time‐optimal motion planning along prescribed paths with friction and power constraints
Authors: Geu Flores Francisco , Kecskeméthy Andrés , Pöttker Alois 
Published: December 2011

AbstractTime‐optimal motion planning along specified paths is a well‐understood problem in robotics for which well‐established methods exist for some standard effects, such as actuator force limits, maximal path velocity, or sliding friction. This paper describes an extension of the classical method that allows for considering, on the one hand side, additional non linear constraints such as sticking friction, acceleration limits at the end‐effector, as well power limits for the overall system, and on the other, general paths featuring smooth interpolation of angular acceleration as well as arbitrary multibody systems comprising multiple loops. The methods are illustrated with two applications from robotics and the mining industry. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling and Control of a Seven Axes Hybrid Electric/Pneumatic Robot Arm
Authors: Kastner Michael , Gattringer Hubert , Bremer Hartmut , Naderer Ronald 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPassively compliant drive concepts are often used in bio‐inspired robot designs. Especially fluidic artificial muscles share many characteristics with their natural counterparts. Industrial manipulators can benefit from the increased robustness and safety (in contrast to rigid drives) especially in cooperative human/robot environments. We compare different model‐based control concepts for a single rotational joint actuated by two fluidic muscles in combination with proportional valves. While the complete valve and muscle models are already included in this setup, the mechanical model becomes more complex when we extend the control to a full seven axes articulated robot arm with both, electrically and pneumatically actuated joints. In this case the Projection Equation in subsystem description is used for the multibody model, allowing a straight‐forward realtime application to different robot kinematics. Remaining model errors and disturbances are handled by observer algorithms. We present measurement results and compare them to simulation outputs. Besides the position control, possible approaches for sensorless external force estimation are discussed. They take advantage of the compliance of the robot and are again based on the actuator and multibody models. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A spatial shear deformable beam finite element based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation
Authors: Nachbagauer Karin , Gruber Peter , Gerstmayr Johannes 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn the present paper a three‐dimensional beam finite element undergoing large deformations is proposed. Since the definition of the proposed finite element is based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF), no rotational coordinates occur in the formulation. In the current approach, the orientation of the cross section is parameterized by means of slope vectors. Since those are no unit vectors, the cross‐section can deform, similar to existing thick beam and shell elements. The nodal displacements and the directional derivatives of the displacements are chosen as nodal coordinates, but in contrast to standard ANCF elements, the proposed formulation is based on the two transversal slope vectors per node only. Different approaches for the virtual work of elastic forces are presented: a continuum mechanics based formulation, as well as a structural mechanics based formulation, which is in accordance with classical nonlinear beam finite elements. Since different interpolation functions as in standard ANCF elements are used, a much better convergence rate (up to order four) can be obtained. Therefore, the present element has high potential for application in geometrically nonlinear problems. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling of Reconfigurable Modular Redundant Robotic Systems
Authors: Oberhuber Bernhard , Gattringer Hubert , Bremer Hartmut , Simons Florian 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper deals with the dynamical modeling and control of modular redundant robots. The robots under consideration consist of modular actuators (brushless DC motors with Harmonic Drive gears) connected by rigid links. Different configurations can be designed by rearranging these subsystems. In order to fulfill the requirement for an efficient dynamical modeling, the Projection Equation in subsystem representation is used. The subsystems are connected via the kinematical chain. The Projection Equation offers the possibility to calculate the minimal accelerations recursively, leading to an O(n) computational effectiveness. To validate the proposed method, the model of an articulated robot arm with seven joints is considered. Simulation results are compared to measurements. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rotationless formulation for large deformations in flexible multibody dynamics
Authors: Sänger Nicolas , Betsch Peter 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEspecially for specific applications, such as contact problems, computer methods for flexible multibody dynamics that are able to treat large deformation phenomena are important. Classical formalisms for multibody dynamics are based on rigid bodies. Their extension to flexible multibody systems is typically restricted to linear elastic material behavior whereas large deformation phenomena are formulated in the framework of the nonlinear finite element method.In the talk we address computer methods that can handle large deformations in the context of multibody systems. In particular, the link between nonlinear continuum mechanics and multibody systems is facilitated by a specific formulation of rigid body dynamics [1]. It makes possible the incorporation of state‐of‐the‐art computer methods for large deformation problems. In the talk we focus on the treatment of large deformation contact whithin flexible multibody dynamics [2]. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the choice of coordinates for computational multibody dynamics
Authors: Yang Yinping , Betsch Peter 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe choice of coordinates for the description of multibody dynamics has a strong impact on the form of the equations of motion. In the talk two alternative formulations are compared: (i) joint coordinates along with Euler angles for the orientation of rigid bodies, and (ii) redundant coordinates where the orientation of rigid bodies is described in terms of direction cosines. In the case of multibody systems with tree structure the use of generalized coordinates yields equations of motion in the form of ordinary differential equations. In contrast to that, the choice of redundant coordinates yields differential‐algebraic equations. The two alternative formulations are compared and their influence on the numerical time integration is highlighted. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Incorporation of Residual Stresses in Arterial Walls
Authors: Brinkhues Sarah , Schröder Jörg 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe present work deals with the incorporation of residual stresses existing in circumferential direction of arterial walls. For the consideration of the residual stresses a novel model will be presented. This model is based on the assumption that residual stresses decrease the stress gradients through the thickness of the arterial wall. Since arterial walls exhibit a pronounced material behavior in fiber direction, the radial gradients of the fiber stresses are considered for the definition of the residual stresses. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Coupled Model for the Left Ventricle Including Regional Differences in Structure
Authors: Eriksson Thomas , Plank Gernot , Holzapfel Gerhard A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractModeling cardiac function is an important task to increase the understanding of the physiological response of the heart and to determine how complex structural heart components influence the biomechanical behavior of the heart. In this communication a coupled model of orthotropic ventricular myocardium is presented using fiber and sheet orientations that is matching regionally measured experimental data. This approach generates a more realistic and homogenized stress distribution when compared to a model with a generic fiber and sheet orientation. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure preserving simulation of muscle actuated movements
Authors: Maas Ramona , Siebert Tobias , Leyendecker Sigrid 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBiomechanical simulation of human locomotion is commonly done via dynamical simulations of multibody systems. The actuation of the system is thereby often represented via muscle models that create a force depending on muscle length and activation level. We show a comparison of such a simulation using a structure preserving integration framework to MATLAB/Simulink results. The conclusion is that structure preservation is important to represent such systems correctly, in particular concerning energy and angular momentum evolutions. We introduce a method for structure preserving simulation of muscle actuated movements. Additionally we show examples of a simple arm movement including only one muscle as well as a finger movement including up to six muscles as an example for more complex biomechanical systems. (© 2011 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)