bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
God, the Bible and Human Rights
Authors: Coulton Nicholas 
Published: April 2012

The spat at the 2011 Conservative Party conference between the Home Secretary and the Lord Chancellor showed how contentious human rights legislation remains. Although Theresa May portrayed the claimant as having won the Article 8 right to remain in Britain because of his relationship with his cat, the judge had simply accepted the cat as one piece of evidence that the claimant had a genuine family life with his partner. The Home Secretary's principal point was that the right to respect for private and family life under section 8.1 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) should be read in conjunction with section 8.2, which adds that such rights should not be overridden except where it isnecessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety, or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
Importance of adhesion molecules for children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Yıldırım Ayşe , Karaağaç Aysu T. , Güzelmeriç Fusun , Çine Nihat , Öner Naci C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of our study was to compare the blood levels of adhesion molecules in children with different heart diseases and pulmonary flow rates.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated the levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 in blood samples of 65 children with different congenital heart diseases. The patients were divided into four groups according to their pulmonary blood flow. The first group had increased pulmonary blood flow with pulmonary hypertension and left-to-right shunt. The second group had increased pulmonary blood flow without pulmonary hypertension and left-to-right shunt. The third group had decreased pulmonary blood flow with cyanotic congenital heart disease and the fourth group had normal pulmonary blood flow with left ventricle outflow tract obstruction and aortic stenosis.ResultThe highest soluble intercellular and vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 levels with the mean values of 420.2 nanograms per millilitre and 1382.1 nanograms per millilitre, respectively, were measured in the first group and the lowest levels with the mean values of 104.4 and 358.6 nanograms per millilitre, respectively, were measured in the fourth group. The highest pulmonary blood pressure levels were found in the first group.ConclusionEndothelial activity is influenced not only by left-to-right shunt with pulmonary hypertension, but also by decreased pulmonary blood flow in cyanotic heart diseases. Adhesion molecules are valuable markers of endothelial activity in congenital heart diseases, and they are influenced by pulmonary blood flow rate.
Right coronary artery fistula to the coronary sinus
Authors: Martínez-Pascual Miryam , Vicente-Vera Tomás , Villegas-García Manuel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe report the case of a 26-year-old asymptomatic woman, who presented for consultation after the detection of a cardiac murmur in a medical routine recognition. Doppler echocardiography and the 64-row multidetector computed tomography showed the presence of a significant enlargement of the right coronary artery winding in the contour of the right ventricle and its fistulosa connection to the coronary sinus. Although the coronary fistula in our patient had a considerable size, there was no ventricular dilation, and thus we chose, according to the desire of the patient, not to intervene, and to evaluate her regularly.
The influence of mineral characteristics on organic matter content, composition, and stability of topsoils under long‐term arable and forest land use
Authors: Kaiser M. , Ellerbrock R. H. , Wulf M. , Dultz S. , Hierath C. , Sommer M. 
Published: April 2012

In this study, we analyzed the influence of soil mineral characteristics (e.g., clay concentration and mineralogical composition, iron and aluminum oxide concentration and crystallinity, specific surface area, and exchangeable cation concentration) on (i) organic carbon (OC) content (kg m−2) and (ii) the concentration (g kg−1), composition, and stability of the mineral‐associated organic matter (OM) of arable and forest topsoils. We selected seven soil types with different mineral characteristics for this study. For each soil type, samples were taken from topsoils of a deciduous forest and an adjacent arable site. The arable and forest sites have been used continuously for more than 100 years. Na‐pyrophosphate soluble OM fractions (OM(PY)), representing mineral‐associated OM, were extracted, analyzed for OC and 14C concentrations, and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. For the forest and arable topsoils, a linear relationship was found between the OC content and exchangeable Ca. For the arable topsoils (pH 6.7–7.5), correlation analyses indicated that the OCPY concentration increased with an increase in oxalate soluble Fe and Al, exchangeable Ca, and Na‐pyrophosphate soluble Mg and Fe concentrations. The stability of OM(PY) determined by the 14C measurements of the near‐neutral arable topsoils was shown to increase with the specific surface area and the concentration of exchangeable Ca. For the acidic forest topsoils (pH <5), the stability of OM(PY) was found to increase as the pH, and the concentration of C=O groups and Na‐pyrophosphate soluble Mg increase.
Sixth Sense: The Disabled Children and Young People's Participation Project
Authors: Murray Rosemary 
Published: April 2012

The Disabled Children and Young Peoples Participation Project (DCYPPP) was established by Barnardos (Northern Ireland) in 2002 to explore ways of involving children and young people with disabilities in decision‐making processes within Children's Services Planning of the Health and Social Services Board. Over 200 young people have participated in its 10 years of existence. This article describes how the DCYPPP practice has evolved in support of the young people and the factors that contribute to its successes. Policy‐makers and professionals at all levels need to recognise the valuable contribution children and young people with disabilities can make and actively seek their engagement.
Characterization of Malassezia microbiota in the human external auditory canal and on the sole of the foot
Authors: Zhang Enshi , Tanaka Takafumi , Tsuboi Ryoji , Makimura Koichi , Nishikawa Akemi , Sugita Takashi 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTOf the fungal skin microbiota, the lipophilic yeast genus Malassezia predominates at all body sites. Of the members of this genus, M. globosa, M. restricta, and M. sympodialis are the most common on the face, limbs, and trunk. In the present study, the Malassezia microbiotas in the external auditory canal and on the sole of the foot were characterized. M. slooffiae was the most common species in both the external auditory canal and on the sole of the foot, followed by M. restricta. Principal component analysis further revealed that the Malassezia microbiota in the external auditory canal and on the sole of the foot constitute a different cluster from those on the scalp and cheek and in the nasal cavity. Additionally, five new Malassezia phylotypes were detected on the sole of the foot and in the external auditory canal. Our results suggest that a distinctive Malassezia microbiota is present in the external auditory canal and on the sole of the foot, although the clinical significance of this finding remains unknown.
Alcohol's involvement in recurrent child abuse and neglect cases
Authors: Laslett Anne‐Marie , Room Robin , Dietze Paul , Ferris Jason 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTAims  This paper examined whether or not: (a) care‐giver ‘alcohol abuse’ is associated with recurrent child maltreatment; (b) other ‘risk factors’ affect this relationship; and (c) which of alcohol abuse or other drug abuse plays a stronger role. It also examined (d) how children and families where alcohol‐related child abuse was identified were managed by child protection services (CPS) in Victoria, Australia.Design, setting and participants  Using anonymized data from Victorian CPS, repeat cases were examined involving 29 455 children identified between 2001 and 2005.Measurements  Carer alcohol abuse, other drug abuse, mental ill‐health, carer experience of abuse as a child, child age and gender, family type, socio‐economic variables and level of child protection service intervention as recorded in the CPS electronic database were examined as risk factors for recurrence, using bivariate and multivariate techniques.Findings  Almost one‐quarter of children in CPS experienced a recurrent incident of child maltreatment in a 5‐year period. Where carer alcohol abuse was identified children were significantly more likely to experience multiple incidents compared with children where this was not identified (P < 0.001), as were children where other family risk factors (including markers of socio‐economic disadvantage) were identified. The majority of children whose carers were identified with alcohol abuse experienced either repeat incidents or interventions (84%), although almost three‐quarters of these children were managed without resort to the most serious outcome, involving court orders.Conclusions  Alcohol and drug abuse in carers are important risk‐factors for recurrent child maltreatment after accounting for other known risk factors; the increased risk appears to be similar between alcohol and drug abuse.
Translation of sonoelastography from Thiel cadaver to patients for peripheral nerve blocks*
Authors: Munirama S. , Satapathy A. R. , Schwab A. , Eisma R. , Corner G. A. , Cochran S. , Soames R. , McLeod G. A. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryUltrasound guidance is now common in regional anaesthesia practice, but remains limited by poor visibility of the needle tip and poor quantification of local anaesthetic spread. Sonoelastography based on tissue compression is a technique depicting tissue strain. Hitherto used largely for tumour diagnosis, we used it in both Thiel embalmed cadavers and two patients receiving interscalene and femoral blocks to observe changes in tissue strain during local anaesthetic injection. The primary aim of our study was to measure the area under the curve (weighted for time) of the strain pattern in Thiel perineural tissue when using a range of volumes of embalming fluid (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ml) for interscalene and femoral blocks using sonoelastography. Our secondary aims were to evaluate static images of anatomy and videos of needle insertion and perineural injection using combined B‐Mode ultrasound and sonoelastography. Independent raters assessed the anatomy and spread using a 7‐point Likert scale, ranked from extremely poor to extremely good. We performed 83 blocks in cadavers. Concordance between both raters was good, with weighted Kappa (95% CI) 0.66 (0.61–0.71). The characteristics of spread were similar with both interscalene and femoral block; spread increased with injectate volume up to 1 ml. Analysis of variance showed differences in spread between injection volumes (p = 0.009), but not between regional blocks (p = 0.05). Post‐hoc analysis showed greater spread with 1 and 2.5 ml volumes compared with 0.25 ml. In patients, visibility of strain during injection was better with sonoelastography than with B‐Mode ultrasound and showed a dose response from 1 to 5 ml volumes of local anaesthetic. Colour strain recognition using sonoelastography offers the ability to differentiate between nerve and surrounding tissue during local anaesthetic injection by improving visibility of spread (p = 0.04).
Bariatric surgery for morbid obesity in craniopharyngioma
Authors: Weismann Dirk , Pelka Theresia , Bender Gwendolyn , Jurowich Christian , Fassnacht Martin , Thalheimer Andreas , Allolio Bruno 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo retrospectively analyse the effectiveness of bariatric surgery for hypothalamic obesity in patients with craniopharyngioma (CP).PatientsPatients who developed morbid obesity after surgery for CP and who underwent laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass were included (n = 9). Patients with common obesity who underwent bariatric surgery served as controls (LAGB n = 40, sleeve gastrectomy n = 49 and gastric bypass n = 54).ResultsCP was diagnosed during childhood or adolescence [median (range) 10 (1–21) years] and age at bariatric surgery was 17 [12–30] years. Six patients underwent gastric banding [median follow‐up 5·5 years (range 1–9)], 4 had a sleeve gastrectomy [median follow‐up 2 (0·4–4) years] and two patients had gastric bypass surgery (median follow‐up 3 years). Three patients had more than one type of bariatric surgery. Different from controls, no weight loss was observed after LAGB or sleeve gastrectomy. The two patients who had gastric bypass surgery lost body weight comparable with controls.ConclusionWith LAGB and sleeve gastrectomy, no significant loss of body weight was achieved in young adult patients with craniopharyngioma‐associated morbid obesity.
Productivity gains do not compensate for reduced calcification under near‐future ocean acidification in the photosynthetic benthic foraminifer species Marginopora vertebralis
Authors: Uthicke Sven , Fabricius Katharina E. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractChanges in the seawater carbonate chemistry (ocean acidification) from increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations negatively affect many marine calcifying organisms, but may benefit primary producers under dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) limitation. To improve predictions of the ecological effects of ocean acidification, the net gains and losses between the processes of photosynthesis and calcification need to be studied jointly on physiological and population levels. We studied productivity, respiration, and abundances of the symbiont‐bearing foraminifer species Marginopora vertebralis on natural CO2 seeps in Papua New Guinea and conducted additional studies on production and calcification on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) using artificially enhanced pCO2. Net oxygen production increased up to 90% with increasing pCO2; temperature, light, and pH together explaining 61% of the variance in production. Production increased with increasing light and increasing pCO2 and declined at higher temperatures. Respiration was also significantly elevated (~25%), whereas calcification was reduced (16–39%) at low pH/high pCO2 compared to present‐day conditions. In the field, M. vertebralis was absent at three CO2 seep sites at pHTotal levels below ~7.9 (pCO2 ~700 μatm), but it was found in densities of over 1000 m−2 at all three control sites. The study showed that endosymbiotic algae in foraminifera benefit from increased DIC availability and may be naturally carbon limited. The observed reduction in calcification may have been caused either by increased energy demands for proton pumping (measured as elevated rates of respiration) or by stronger competition for DIC from the more productive symbionts. The net outcome of these two competing processes is that M. vertebralis cannot maintain populations under pCO2 exceeding 700 μatm, thus are likely to be extinct in the next century.
Temperate and tropical brown macroalgae thrive, despite decalcification, along natural CO2 gradients
Authors: Johnson Vivienne R. , Russell Bayden D. , Fabricius Katharina E. , Brownlee Colin , Hall‐Spencer Jason M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPredicting the impacts of ocean acidification on coastal ecosystems requires an understanding of the effects on macroalgae and their grazers, as these underpin the ecology of rocky shores. Whilst calcified coralline algae (Rhodophyta) appear to be especially vulnerable to ocean acidification, there is a lack of information concerning calcified brown algae (Phaeophyta), which are not obligate calcifiers but are still important producers of calcium carbonate and organic matter in shallow coastal waters. Here, we compare ecological shifts in subtidal rocky shore systems along CO2 gradients created by volcanic seeps in the Mediterranean and Papua New Guinea, focussing on abundant macroalgae and grazing sea urchins. In both the temperate and tropical systems the abundances of grazing sea urchins declined dramatically along CO2 gradients. Temperate and tropical species of the calcifying macroalgal genus Padina (Dictyoaceae, Phaeophyta) showed reductions in CaCO3 content with CO2 enrichment. In contrast to other studies of calcified macroalgae, however, we observed an increase in the abundance of Padina spp. in acidified conditions. Reduced sea urchin grazing pressure and significant increases in photosynthetic rates may explain the unexpected success of decalcified Padina spp. at elevated levels of CO2. This is the first study to provide a comparison of ecological changes along CO2 gradients between temperate and tropical rocky shores. The similarities we found in the responses of Padina spp. and sea urchin abundance at several vent systems increases confidence in predictions of the ecological impacts of ocean acidification over a large geographical range.
A contingency perspective on team learning and innovation in nursing
Authors: Timmermans Olaf , Van Linge Roland , Van Petegem Peter , Van Rompaey Bart , Denekens Joke 
Published: April 2012

timmermans o., van linge r., van petegem p., van rompaey b. & denekens j. (2012) A contingency perspective on team learning and innovation in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing69(2), 363–373. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2012.06014.xAbstractAims.  To report a correlational study of the relation between team learning activities and implementation‐effectiveness of innovations in nursing teams.Background.  Non‐compliance to implementation of innovations is a problem in nursing teams. In the literature, team learning is proposed as a facilitator for change. Still, studies reporting the effects of team learning activities on the implementation of innovations in nursing teams are scarce. To address this gap in the literature, this study explored the influence of team learning on the implementation of two innovations.Design.  A cross‐sectional survey.Methods.  The survey was conducted in 2008–2009 with a sample of 469 nurses, representing 30 nursing teams from The Netherlands and Belgium. The relationship between variables representing team learning and the use and the knowledge of an incremental (n = 14) or a radical innovation (n = 16) was examined by correlation and multiple regression analyses.Results.  Correlation analyses revealed positive relationships between the team learning activities handling production‐oriented information and implementation‐effectiveness of an incremental innovation. In addition, team learning activities about development‐oriented information positively affected the implementation of a radical innovation. Multiple regression yielded models that explain 83% of the variance on the use of an incremental variable, 73% on knowledge of a radical innovation, and 80% on use of a radical innovation.Conclusion.  In nursing teams, team learning activities that relate to the production of nursing care affect the implementation of an incremental innovation. The implementation of a radical innovation is effected by team learning activities that relate to the development of the provided nursing care.
A perturbation in glutathione biosynthesis disrupts endoplasmic reticulum morphology and secretory membrane traffic in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Au Kenneth K. C. , Pérez‐Gómez José , Neto Hélia , Müller Christopher , Meyer Andreas J. , Fricker Mark D. , Moore Ian 
Published: April 2012

SummaryTo identify potentially novel and essential components of plant membrane trafficking mechanisms we performed a GFP‐based forward genetic screen for seedling‐lethal biosynthetic membrane trafficking mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Amongst these mutants, four recessive alleles of GSH2, which encodes glutathione synthase (GSH2), were recovered. Each allele was characterized by loss of the typical polygonal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network and the accumulation of swollen ER‐derived bodies which accumulated a soluble secretory marker. Since GSH2 is responsible for converting γ‐glutamylcysteine (γ‐EC) to glutathione (GSH) in the glutathione biosynthesis pathway, gsh2 mutants exhibited γ‐EC hyperaccumulation and GSH deficiency. Redox‐sensitive GFP revealed that gsh2 seedlings maintained redox poise in the cytoplasm but were more sensitive to oxidative challenge. Genetic and pharmacological evidence indicated that γ‐EC accumulation rather than GSH deficiency was responsible for the perturbation of ER morphology. Use of soluble and membrane‐bound ER markers suggested that the swollen ER bodies were derived from ER fusiform bodies. Despite the gross perturbation of ER morphology, gsh2 seedlings did not suffer from constitutive oxidative ER stress or lack of an unfolded protein response, and homozygotes for the weakest allele could be propagated. The link between glutathione biosynthesis and ER morphology and function is discussed.
RAPD, karyology and selected morphological variation in a model grass, Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: JAROSZEWICZ A M , KOSINA R , STANKIEWICZ P R 
Published: April 2012

Jaroszewicz AM, Kosina R & Stankiewicz PR (2012). RAPD, karyology and selected morphological variation in a model grass, Brachypodium distachyon. Weed Research52, 204–216.SummaryRecognition of variation patterns at the level of DNA, chromosomes and plant morphology, and their interrelationships were the object of this research on Brachypodium distachyon. RAPD profiles, cytogenetics of root mitoses, gross morphology and microstructures were studied in B. distachyon for 18 accessions, as well as for three selections with a narrowed gene pool, all from the Mediterranean and Irano‐Turanian region. For the scored RAPD bands, 309 were polymorphic (96%). The average expected gene diversity (Hi) for all primers was 0.220, which is close to the variation noted in the Asian‐European region of origin. In the UPGMA dendrogram, accessions were not clustered according to their geographic origin. High variability in cytogenetics was found. Levels of chromosome ploidy differentiated accessions. A cytogenetic mosaic was expressed in the form of aneuploidy and anomalous mitoses. Accessions presenting similar cytogenetic variability were not clustered in the RAPD dendrogram. The period of vegetative growth varied greatly. Zoochoric characteristics of diaspores and endosperm volume showed interaccessional variability. No distinct linkage between RAPD patterns and morphology was found. High variation in all studied characteristics of the plant was noted, which is a good base for natural selection of intraspecific units (inbred lines). The narrowing of the gene pool is an effective tool of microevolution and facilitates the distribution of the species according to the founder principle. The comparison of this evolutionary potential of B. distachyon with patterns of evolution of other annual weedy grasses would be of great value for weed science.