bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of contrast density on computed tomographic arterial portography
Authors: Tarver D S , Plant G R 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Artifacts associated with computed tomographic arterial tomography (CTAP) are well documented. We report a patient undergoing CTAP in whom laminar flow artifact occurred using Iopamidol 370mg ml−1 but not when using Iopamidol 300mg ml−1 under identical conditions. The denser Iopamidol 37Omg ml−1 mixed inadequately with unopacified blood in the portal vein. This was not a problem with the less dense Iopamidol 300 mg ml−1 which is likely to be a more reliable contrast agent for CTAP.
High resolution T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the deep brain structures using a reduced bandwidth
Authors: Sigal R , Bittoun J , Jolivet O , Behnam N , Suminski M , Zannoli G , Francke J-P 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
High spatial resolution T 1 weighted images of the brain were acquired in 5–13 min on a whole-body magnetic resonance imager operating at 1.5 T. In order to obtain 5–8 cm field of view images, the receiver bandwidth (Bw) was lowered to 2 kHz. The use of a 2 kHz Bw, instead of the standard 16 kHz Bw, partially compensated the signal loss due to the small pixel size by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, without scan time penalty. The chemical shift artifact associated with reduced Bw was not observed because fat signal is negligible in the brain.
A survey of the illumination from diagnostic X-ray light-beam diaphragm systems
Authors: Bridge L R , Ison J E 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
UK radiation protection legislation requires, where applicable, the fitting of light-beam diaphragm systems to diagnostic radiographic X-ray equipment. Measurements performed as part of a quality assurance programme showed that the level of illumination from equipment varied considerably. We decided to include a measurement of the illumination of light-beam systems as a routine part of our programme. The standard method used involved measuring the average illumination at 100 cm focus to field distance for a 25 × 25 cm light field. The results of initial measurements for 73 individual systems (44 fixed, 29 mobile) demonstrate a considerable range in levels with the ratio of maximum to minimum values being approximately 16. Mean values are 130 lux (all systems), 123 lux (fixed systems) and 141 lux (mobile systems). Comparisons are made with the limiting values specified by the Department of Health for mammographic X-ray equipment for breast screening and for new General Electric equipment. A local limiting value of 100 lux is proposed for routine testing purposes.
Inferior vena caval thrombosis following severe liver trauma and perihepatic packing—early detection by intraoperative ultrasonography enabling treatment by percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: John T G , Chalmers N , Redhead D N , Kumar S , Garden O J 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Patients with severe liver trauma present a major challenge in management. We report the successful treatment of a patient presenting with a severe liver injury. The detection of major inferior vena caval thrombosis by intraoperative ultrasonography enabled the use of a percutaneous thrombectomy device to facilitate dissolution of the thrombus.
Diffuse fatty infiltration of the renal parenchyma secondary to bilateral angiomyolipomas— features on ultrasound and computed tomography
Authors: Jackson D M A , Collins C D , Cosgrove D O 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
A case is described where ultrasound demonstrated diffusely increased echogenicity in massively enlarged kidneys. Computed tomography confirmed fatty replacement of the renal parenchyma, allowing a confident diagnosis of multiple bilateral angiomyolipomas in a clinical setting of tuberous sclerosis. This is the first ultrasound demonstration of such diffusely echogenic kidneys in angiomyolipoma.
Prolonged contrast enhancement of the inner ear on MRI in Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Authors: Zammit-Maempel I , Campbell R S D 
Published: July 2009

We were interested to read the case report by Downie et al [1] on prolonged contrast enhancement of the inner ear on magnetic resonance imaging in Ramsay Hunt syndrome.
We recently encountered a fairly similar case. A 69-year-old man presented with a 3 day history of a discharging right ear, deafness, vertigo and tinnitus together with a 1 day history of a right facial nerve palsy.
Book reviews
Authors: Corbett R H 
Published: July 2009

When I first agreed to review this book, I little realized how long it would take. This is a book that has been used extensively over the last year, so much so that I have had little opportunity to honour my commitment.
The author states in the Preface that there is no single reference book available to answer the frequent and exacting questions from the public on the safety of X-ray examinations, and that it is her intention to provide the information most often requested by staff in a manner easily accessible.
A method for estimating compressed breast thickness during mammography
Authors: Burch A , Law J 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Measurement of compressed breast thickness during mammography is necessary for the calculation of breast dose. In theory, it should be possible to calculate breast thickness from the separation of images of radioopaque markers attached to the compression paddle. Such a technique has been evaluated on two models of X-ray set using simulated and real breasts. The results show that breast thickness at a given position can be determined with an average error of about 2 mm by this method, which is likely to be adequate for dosimetry.
Prediction of gall stone composition by ultrasound: implications for non-surgical therapy
Authors: Kapoor B S , Agarwal A K , Khanna N N 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Oral cholecystography is the basic radiodiagnostic procedure required to assess chemical composition of gallstones as well as functional status of gall bladder prior to non-surgical management of gallstones. However, the value of ultrasound in non-surgical management of gallstones is yet to be proved. In this study we attempt to establish sonographic criteria which will predict the composition of gallstones prior to their non-surgical treatment. For this purpose the ultrasonographic characteristics of 233 patients with gallstone disease and functioning gall bladders were studied and an effort was made to correlate cholesterol and calcium content of different types of stones (as estimated by X-Ray powder diffraction study and atomic absorption spectrophotometry) with their ultrasonographic characteristics. Sonographic criteria for the presence of cholesterol stones were those which were floating and gallstones producing acoustic shadowing without internal echoes from within the stone. In detecting findings which would predict the presence of cholesterol stones on ultrasound, ultrasound had a sensitivity of 72.90% and a specificity of 100%. The predictive values of positive findings and negative findings were 100% and 93.4%, respectively. The demonstration of typical features of cholesterol stones on ultrasound obviates the need for oral cholecystography.
Assessment of organ radiation doses and associated risk for digital bifemoral arteriography
Authors: Castellano A , McNeill J G , Thorp N C , Dance D R , Raphael M J 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
An assessment has been made of the absorbed dose associated with femoral arteriography using a digital imaging system. A bilateral femoral arteriogram was performed on 17 patients, using a filmless 1024 matrix digital image acquisition system with a discrete stepping tube-stand and 40 cm image intensifies A standardized protocol of manual patient/tube-stand positioning under fluoroscopic control and automatic stepping digital acquisition was followed. Skin entry doses were measured with a dose–area product meter for each stage of the procedure, and the total gonad dose was assessed with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). Published Monte Carlo simulations were supplemented with further calculations to evaluate organ doses from the dose–area products measured. Comparison with the TLD measurements indicated that this technique overestimated organ doses by about 30%. A mean effective dose of 3.1 ± 1.8 mSv was calculated for the procedure, with the greatest dose burden being imposed by fluoroscopy during catheter manipulation. The related radiation detriment is 0.018%, which is insignificant when compared with the overall mortality from peripheral vascular disease.
A radiological education system—organization of an image library
Authors: Strickland N H , Allison D J , Gishen P 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
A successful radiological library and teaching system should be easy to compile, user-friendly, dynamic and flexible. Nowadays it must be amenable to incorporation into digitally-based communication systems such as personal computers (pc) and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS). This article describes the structural organization and capabilities of such a digital radiological education system, and demonstrates how it fulfils these aims.
Book reviews
Authors: Finch A 
Published: July 2009

The tape addresses the issue of the title with specific reference to dentistry, although it would be of interest to any health professional dealing with both radiation and the general public.
Professor David Smith addresses and outlines with great clarity the dichotomy between the professional, in this case the dentist, who wishes to use a “minute amount of radiation” in order to clarify a diagnosis, and the concerned mother who, for the purpose of illustration had had two bitewing exposures while pregnant and whose child had subsequently, at the age of fourteen, developed a cancer.
The role of duplex and colour Doppler ultrasound in the follow-up evaluation of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS)
Authors: Ferguson J M , Jalan R , Redhead D N , Hayes P C , Lallan P 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) is an effective means of controlling acute variceal haemorrhage. Shunt occlusion or stenosis occurs in up to 30% of patients within 6 months. It is important to detect these patients and intervene to prevent rebleeding. We have compared non-invasive Doppler ultrasound with the portal pressure gradient (PPG) at portography at 3 month follow-up in 23 patients. All patients with a shunt peak velocity greater than 90 cm s−1 (7 of 17 analysable results) had normal shunt function at portography (PPG &lt; 12 mmHg). Portography may therefore be avoided in this group, although the majority of patients will still require portography for TIPSS follow-up assessment.
Long-term venous access service based in the barium room
Authors: McGann G M 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
27 totally implantable venous access devices (ports), 12 long term dual-lumen venous access catheters and one tunnelled long line were placed over 13 months in a standard district general hospital (DGH) screening room. No significant early complications occurred. Two patients referred from outside hospitals were lost to follow-up. Of the 38 lines with comprehensive follow-up, three required removal because of suspected infection and one because of thrombosis giving a major complication rate of 4 per 6800 access days, i.e. 0.59 per 1000 access days. The minor complications comprised five treatable infections and one resolving subclavian thrombosis in 6800 access days. These rates compare favourably with previous radiological series in which procedures were performed in “clean” vascular suites, and with previous surgical series. Radiological insertion of these devices with rapid scheduling and local anaesthesia methods is feasible in a DGH without the use of a specialized vascular suite.
The prevalence of cervical and thoracic congenital skeletal abnormalities in basal cell naevus syndrome; a review of cervical and chest radiographs in 80 patients with BCNS
Authors: Ratcliffe J F , Shanley S , Chenevix-Trench G 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The major clinical stigmata of basal cell naevus syndrome (BCNS) appear in adolescence and adult life but some occult skeletal abnormalities are congenital. BCNS is dominantly inherited and it would be useful to identify, as early in life as possible, which of the offspring of patients with BCNS are at risk of developing the syndrome. Radiographs of the neck and chest of 80 patients with BCNS diagnosed confidently on clinical criteria have been examined for abnormalities which were considered to be congenital skeletal anomalies. Congenital abnormalities of the cervical and thoracic spine, mainly spina bifida occulta, were found in 45%. Congenital abnormalities of ribs were found in 49% and of the shoulder(s) in 36%. Overall congenital abnormalities were shown on the neck or chest radiograph in 55 (69%) patients. The presence of one or more of these congenital abnormalities on the chest or neck radiograph of a child who is the offspring of a person with BCNS makes it extremely likely that the child also has BCNS. The absence of these features, and of any clinical features of BCNS, would suggest that the risk of the child developing BCNS has been reduced from the prior expectation of 50% to approximately half that (24%).
External and interstitial radiotherapy in the treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yasumoto M , Shibuya H , Hoshina M , Takeda M , Matsumoto S , Suzuki S 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The records of 165 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx treated at our hospital with external and/or interstitial radiotherapy between 1971 and 1990 were reviewed to evaluate the treatment results, focusing on primary control and complications. All cancers were restaged according to the UICC 1987 TNM staging system. Of these 165 patients, 11% were in Stage I, 55% in Stage II, 24% in Stage III and 8.5% in Stage IV. Local control and complications were analysed in 140 patients. The remaining 25 patients died of intercurrent or metastatic disease during the first 2 years following treatment and were excluded from the analysis. 70 patients were treated by interstitial implant using permanent implant seeds (Rn-222 in eight patients, Au-198 in 62 patients) with or without external radiation. 56 other patients received external irradiation alone and another 14 patients received pre-operative external irradiation plus surgery. 2-year recurrence-free rates were 73% (100% for Tl, 76% for T2, 36% for T3 tumours) in the patients who received interstitial implant with or without external radiation and 36% (67% for Tl, 48% for T2, 13% for T3 tumours) in the patients treated by external irradiation alone. The incidence of soft-tissue or bone complications requiring long-term treatment was 14%. Based on these findings, it is believed that an interstitial implant using Au-198 grains combined with external beam irradiation is a useful treatment modality for small lesions of the oropharynx.
The efficacy of megavoltage imaging in the radical radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Levine E L , Burt P A , Stout R , Kane B 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Megavoltage imaging (MVI) has been used to obtain digital images of treatment fields during therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Tumours were seen in all 33 cases studied and in three cases MVI was used to improve the set-up. It is concluded that in the setting of radical radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer this is an appropriate technique for the verification and correction of field position and is an aid to quality assurance.
Computed tomography features of complete splenic infarction, cavitation and spontaneous decompression complicating pancreatitis
Authors: Collie D A , Ferguson J M , Allan P L , Redhead D N 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Splenic infarction is a rare complication of pancreatitis. We present the case of a 34-year-old woman, who had undergone previous drainage of a pancreatic pseudocyst, and who represented with left upper quadrant pain. Absence of enhancement of the splenic parenchyma during contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) allowed confident diagnosis of complete splenic infarction. A later CT scan revealed splenic cavitation with spontaneous decompression into the stomach. The aetiology of these unusual complications of pancreatitis is discussed.
Book reviews
Authors: Cole D J 
Published: July 2009

This book comprises invited reviews of selected topics in radiation oncology from experts in their fields from both sides of the Atlantic. The topics were chosen to represent some of the growth areas both in clinical practice and in technical innovation (particularly treatment planning). Further volumes are planned at 2–3 yearly intervals.Many of the subjects contained in this volume will be of interest to clinicians and those in training and I would recommend it for each departmental library.
Several chapters consider some areas of technical progress including conformal radiotherapy, multileaf collimation and on-line portal imaging. The experience from the University of Michigan using three dimensional treatment planning is exciting and well complemented by a more cautious assessment from the Royal Marsden Hospital. The latter group emphasizes the importance of evaluating the clinical impact of improved dose distributions in Phase III trials, rather than assuming that physical improvements must be associated with clinical advantage.
Dual compression mammography using computed radiography
Authors: Brettle D S , Thompson J , Parkin G J S , Cowen A R 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
On mammography most malignant growths may be seen as a tethered mass or architectural distortion. Benign lesions such as cysts and fibroadenomas have no focal tethering and are usually well circumscribed. Computed radiography (CR) is a direct digital system which may be used for mammography. One of the main advantages of CR is its wide exposure latitude allowing images to be acquired at lower exposures than required for film–screen systems. A technique was developed, utilizing the exposure latitude of CR, to acquire two mammograms of the same breast at two slightly different compressions, but using approximately the same exposure as a single film-screen mammogram. These images were then “animated” on a computer allowing the fibrous septa movement to be visualized. The movement of the fibrous septa in the presence of an abnormality was used to help confirm whether a lesion was benign or malignant. This technique may have clinical application in classifying architectural distortions and masses which are ultrasonically benign but later found to be malignant. Microcalcifications cannot be used as a diagnostic indicator with this technique because of the increased noise associated with the lower exposures. The increased noise did not affect the visualization of masses.
The role of arteriography in patients with isolated neurological deficit following a penetrating upper limb injury
Authors: Howlett D C , Holemans J A , Downes M O 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Two cases are described of patients who presented with isolated neurological deficit following penetrating injury to the upper limb. Arteriography demonstrated brachial artery false aneurysm formation in each case. There are accepted indications for emergency angiography following stab wounds including pulse deficit, vascular bruit, expanding haematoma and hypotension with no obvious cause. Indirect indicators of vascular damage include proximity of the injury to an artery with no physical signs or isolated neurological deficit. These indications do have a significant association with concurrent arterial injury and should be investigated by elective angiography if the patient is haemodynamically stable.
Does peppermint oil relieve spasm during barium enema?
Authors: Sparks M J W , O'Sullivan P , Herrington A A , Morcos S K 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The effectiveness of topical peppermint oil added to barium sulphate suspension in relieving colonic muscle spasm during double contrast barium enema examination was assessed in a double blind study. 141 patients were randomized either to a control group (71 patients) examined with standard barium suspension or to the treatment group which received peppermint oil mixed with the barium preparation. No residual spasm was evident in a significant proportion of patients in the treated group (60%) compared with the control group (35%) (p&lt;0.001). The patients' acceptability of the procedure was good and there were no adverse effects on the overall quality of the examination. In conclusion, the addition of peppermint oil to the barium suspension seems to reduce the incidence of colonic spasm during the examination. The technique is simple, safe, cheap and it may lessen the need for intravenous administration of spasmolytic agents.
Assessment of mean glandular dose in mammography
Authors: Faulkner K , Law J , Robson K J 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The routine assessment of patient dose in the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme is performed as part of the quality assurance protocol recommended by the Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine. The mean glandular dose to a standard breast is deduced from measurement of the air kerma at the entrance surface of a 4 cm Perspex phantom by applying a series of conversion factors. The exposure factors for this measurement are those used clinically. The measured mean glandular dose is then compared with nationally accepted action levels. In some centres the assessment of mean glandular dose using Perspex is supplemented by patient dose surveys. The mean glandular dose to a series of patients attending a breast screening unit may be estimated from a knowledge of the exposure factors and compressed breast thickness, using a knowledge of the X-ray tube output. Measurements made on units in the Northern Region of England and in Scotland using both methods are presented. The implication of these measurements with regard to patient dose surveys in mammography and quality assurance programmes are discussed. An analysis of the uncertainties associated with the measurement techniques is presented.
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head as a complication of complex embolization for severe pelvic haemorrhage
Authors: Obaro R O , Sniderman K W 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
We present a case of avascular necrosis of the femoral head following embolization of the right medial femoral circumflex artery with alcohol after a failed prior internal iliac artery ligation to control benign pelvic haemorrhage in a 41-year-old woman. No case of late necrosis of the head of the femur as a complication of iliac artery vessel embolization to control haemorrhage has been documented previously. The problems associated with therapeutic pelvic embolization following ligation of the internal iliac artery and the disruption of the femoral head arterial supply are discussed.