bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stock Market‐Induced Currency Crises—A New Type of Twins
Authors: Eichler Stefan , Maltritz Dominik 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper explores the link between currency crises and the stock market in emerging economies. By integrating foreign stock market investors in a currency crisis model, we reveal a new fundamental inconsistency as a potential crisis trigger: since emerging economies' stock markets often have high returns, whereas central bank reserves grow slowly or decline, the amount of reserves foreign investors can deplete when selling their stocks and repatriating the proceeds grows over time and is considerably higher than funds that have been invested in the stock market. Capital withdrawals of foreign stock market investors can trigger currency crises by depleting central bank reserves, particularly in successful countries with booming stock markets and large foreign investment.
Glucuronic Acid Epimerase is Associated with Plasma Triglyceride and High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Turks
Authors: Hodoğlugil Uğur , Williamson David W. , Yu Yi , Farrer Lindsay A. , Mahley Robert W. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryWe narrowed chromosome 15q21–23 linkage to plasma high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels in Turkish families by fine mapping, then focused on glucuronic acid epimerase (GLCE), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) biosynthesis enzyme. HSPGs participate in lipid metabolism along with apolipoprotein (apo) E. Of 31 SNPs in the GLCE locus, nine analyzed by haplotype were associated with HDL‐C and triglyceride levels (permuted p = 0.006 and 0.013, respectively) in families. Of five tagging GLCE SNPs in two cohorts of unrelated subjects, three (rs16952868, rs11631403, and rs3865014) were associated with triglyceride and HDL‐C levels in males (nonpermuted p < 0.05). The association was stronger in APOE 2/3 subjects (apoE2 has reduced binding to HSPGs) and reached multiple‐testing significance (p < 0.05) in both males and females (n= 2612). Similar results were obtained in the second cohort (n= 1164). Interestingly, at the GLCE locus, bounded by recombination hotspots, Turks had a minor allele frequency of SNPs resembling Chinese more than European ancestry; adjoining regions resembled the European pattern. Studies of glce+/−apoe−/− mice fed a chow or high‐fat diet supported a role for GLCE in lipid metabolism. Thus, SNPs in GLCE are associated with triglyceride and HDL‐C levels in Turks, and mouse studies support a role for glce in lipid metabolism.
Writings on Genetic Linkage in the Annals
Authors: Ott Jurg 
Published: April 2011

SummaryFrom its inception in 1925 through the almost 30 years that it carried the title of Annals of Eugenics, this journal published numerous articles on the statistical aspects of genetic linkage analysis and its applications to family pedigree data. This overview discusses 40 papers on linkage analysis published in the Annals.
Effect of plastic‐covered ultrasonic scalers on titanium implant surfaces
Authors: Mann M. , Parmar D. , Walmsley A. D. , Lea S. C. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Objectives: Maintaining oral health around titanium implants is essential. The formation of a biofilm on the titanium surface will influence the continuing success of the implant. These concerns have led to modified ultrasonic scaler instruments that look to reduce implant damage while maximising the cleaning effect. This study aimed to assess the effect of instrumentation, with traditional and modified ultrasonic scalers, on titanium implant surfaces and to correlate this with the oscillations of the instruments.
Materials and methods: Two ultrasonic insert designs (metallic TFI‐10 and a plastic‐tipped implant insert) were selected. Each scaler probe was scanned using a scanning laser vibrometer, under loaded and unloaded conditions, to determine their oscillation characteristics. Loads were applied against a titanium implant (100g and 200 g) for 10 s. The resulting implant surfaces were then scanned using laser profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results: Insert probes oscillated with an elliptical motion with the maximum amplitude at the probe tip. Laser profilometry detected defects in the titanium surface only for the metallic scaler insert. Defect widths at 200 g high power were significantly larger than all other load/power conditions (P<0.02). Using SEM, it was observed that modifications to the implant surface had occurred following instrumentation with the plastic‐tipped insert. Debris was also visible around the defects.
Conclusions: Metal scalers produce defects in titanium implant surfaces and load and power are important factors in the damage caused. Plastic‐coated scaler probes cause minimal damage to implant surfaces and have a polishing action but can leave plastic deposits behind on the implant surface.
To cite this article: Mann M, Parmar D, Walmsley AD and Lea SC. Effect of plastic covered ultrasonic scalers on titanium implant surfaces. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 76–82 doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02186.x
The influence of alendronate on osseointegration of nanotreated dental implants in New Zealand rabbits
Authors: Tsetsenekou Efstathia , Papadopoulos Triantafillos , Kalyvas Demos , Papaioannou Nikos , Tangl Stefan , Watzek Georg 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives: Growing clinical demands for stronger and faster bone bonding to the implant have motivated the development of methods enhancing osseointegration. Lately, the application of bisphosphonates (bis) in order to optimize bone healing has become a topic of great interest. N‐containing bis, such as alendronate (ALN), are the more potent drugs of this class. It was the aim of this study to determine the effect of ALN on the osseointegration of a well‐documented nanotreated implant system in a rabbit femoral condyle model.Material and methods: Thirty‐two adult female New Zealand White rabbits received one implant (3.25 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length) in their left femoral condyle, a week after they were ovariectomized. Half of them were saline treated (control, group A) and the other half were ALN treated (group B). Rabbits from both groups were euthanized after 6 and 12 weeks, respectively.Results: The specimens were evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically. Upon histological evaluation, no obvious differences were found between the control and the treatment group. Implants showed good integration into the bone tissue surrounding them. There were also no statistically significant differences in bone‐to‐implant contact and the amount of bone tissue in the immediate neighborhood of the implant at both healing periods.Conclusions: The systemic administration of ALN was not found to affect histological osseointegration of implants in animals with a hormonal status resembling that of postmenopausal healthy women. Further research will be needed to investigate this approach.
Early healthcare utilization and welfare interventions among children of mothers with alcohol and substance abuse: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sarkola Taisto , Gissler Mika , Kahila Hanna , Autti‐Rämö Ilona , Halmesmäki Erja 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAim:  Early childhood healthcare utilization, mortality and welfare interventions were studied among children of mothers with identified gestational alcohol and/or substance abuse.Methods:  Register‐based retrospective cohort study. The exposed cohort consisted of 638 children born to 524 women followed up antenatally 1992–2001 at special outpatient clinics in the capital area of Finland. Nonexposed children (n = 1914) born to control women were matched for maternal age, parity, number of foetuses, month of birth and delivery hospital of the index child. Postnatal data of both cohorts were collected from national registers until 2007.Results:  The exposed cohort displayed twice the amount of in‐ and outpatient hospital care episodes compared with nonexposed children. Differences attributable to exposure were found in categories of conditions originating in the perinatal period, mental and behavioural disorders, and nonspecific factors influencing health status and contact with health services. This was reflected in amounts of reimbursements for drugs of the central nervous system, as well as special care allowances and rehabilitation for mental and behavioural disorders. The highest degree of healthcare utilization was observed among exposed children placed in out‐of‐home care. One‐third of these children received outpatient care and one‐tenth required inpatient care for a mental and behavioural disorder. No significant differences were found in early mortality.Conclusion:  The exposed children displayed significant neonatal and early mental and behavioural healthcare utilization, and need for significant psychosocial support during their first decade of life.
Association between sarcopenia and mortality in healthy older people
Authors: Bunout Daniel , de la Maza María P , Barrera Gladys , Leiva Laura , Hirsch Sandra 
Published: April 2011

Aim:  To evaluate the association between loss of fat‐free mass and mortality among older people.Methods:  Information of healthy Chilean older people evaluated by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry was used, identifying those who died in a period of 12 years. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify mortality predictors. Life tables were constructed calculating survival using predictive variables.Results:  Information from 1413 participants aged 74.3 ± 5.6 years (1001 women), was obtained. During the follow‐up (median 1594 days), 221 participants died. The Cox model identified age and appendicular fat‐free mass as predictors of death (hazard ratios 1.08 and 0.85, respectively). According to life tables, participants in the lower sex‐specific quartile for appendicular fat‐free mass/height had significantly higher mortality. This association was significant among participants aged over 73 years.Conclusion:  A low fat‐free mass was predictive of mortality in older people.
Heme binding to the second, lower‐affinity site of the global iron regulator Irr from Rhizobium leguminosarum promotes oligomerization
Authors: White Gaye F. , Singleton Chloe , Todd Jonathan D. , Cheesman Myles R. , Johnston Andrew W. B. , Le Brun Nick E. 
Published: April 2011

The iron responsive regulator Irr is found in a wide range of α‐proteobacteria, where it regulates many genes in response to the essential but toxic metal iron. Unlike Fur, the transcriptional regulator that is used for iron homeostasis by almost all other bacterial lineages, Irr does not sense Fe2+ directly, but, rather, interacts with a physiologically important form of iron, namely heme. Recent studies of Irr from the N2‐fixing symbiont Rhizobium leguminosarum (IrrRl) showed that it binds heme with submicromolar affinity at a His‐Xxx‐His (HxH) motif. This caused the protein to dissociate from its cognate DNA regulatory iron control element box sequences, thus allowing expression of its target genes under iron‐replete conditions. In the present study, we report new insights into the mechanisms and consequences of heme binding to Irr. In addition to the HxH motif, Irr binds heme at a second, lower‐affinity site. Spectroscopic studies of wild‐type Irr and His variants show that His46 and probably His66 are involved in coordinating heme in a low‐spin state at this second site. By contrast to the well‐studied Irr from Bradyrhizobium japonicum, neither heme site of IrrRl stabilizes ferrous heme. Furthermore, we show that heme‐free IrrRl exists as a mixture of dimeric and larger, likely hexameric, forms and that heme binding promotes IrrRl oligomerization. Bioanalytical studies of IrrRl variants showed that this property is not dependent on the HxH motif but is associated with heme binding at the second site.Structured digital abstract

Irr
binds to irrby molecular sieving (View Interaction 1, 2)

Irr
binds to irrby cosedimentation in solution (View interaction)
Attenuation of Fatty Liver and Prevention of Hypercholesterolemia by Extract of Curcuma longa through Regulating the Expression of CYP7A1, LDL‐Receptor, HO‐1, and HMG‐CoA Reductase
Authors: Yiu Wing‐Fat , Kwan Pui‐Long , Wong Cho‐Yee , Kam Tsz‐Shan , Chiu Sin‐Ming , Chan Shun‐Wan , Chan Robbie 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  The extract of Curcuma longa, better known as turmeric, was orally administered to experimental rats that were fed a high‐cholesterol diet to investigate whether it could regulate plasma lipids and cholesterol levels and possibly improve hepatic conditions. With turmeric supplements, rats showed a significant decrease in total plasma cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol but an increase in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol when compared with rats that were fed a high‐cholesterol diet alone. Fatty liver developed in hypercholesterolemic rats with the high‐cholesterol diet treatment, and this condition was markedly improved when rats were provided with turmeric supplements at 100 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg of body mass. The turmeric treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the total amount of hepatic lipid. Histological staining of liver tissues with Sudan III and hematoxylin showed that rats fed with a high‐cholesterol diet alone had more and larger granular fat bodies than rats having turmeric extract supplementation in their high‐cholesterol diet. Reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the expression levels of enzymes involved in fat metabolism and cellular homeostasis in experimental rat livers. The results showed that rats fed a high‐cholesterol diet supplemented with turmeric extract had a significant increase in the expression of cholesterol 7 α‐hydroxylase, hemeoxygenase 1, and low‐density lipoprotein receptors but a significant decrease in 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA reductase level when compared with rats fed a normal or high‐cholesterol diet, showing that turmeric prevents hypercholesterolemia and the formation of fatty liver by the modulation of expressions of enzymes that are important to cholesterol metabolism.Practical Application:  Turmeric may be considered a functional food for regulating plasma cholesterol levels and preventing the development of fatty liver in people who frequently consume a high‐cholesterol diet.
Physicochemical, Nutritional, and Antimicrobial Properties of Wine Grape (cv. Merlot) Pomace Extract‐Based Films
Authors: Deng Qian , Zhao Yanyun 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  Wine grape pomace (WGP) (cv. Merlot) extract‐based films were studied in terms of their physicochemical, mechanical, water barrier, nutritional, and antibacterial properties. Pomace extract (PE) was obtained by hot water extraction and had a total soluble solid of 3.6% and pH 3.65. Plant‐based polysaccharides, low methoxyl pectin (LMP, 0.75% w/w), sodium alginate (SA, 0.3% w/w), or Ticafilm® (TF, 2% w/w), was added into PE for film formation, respectively. Elongation at break and tensile strength were 23% and 4.04 MPa for TF‐PE film, 25% and 1.12 MPa for SA‐PE film, and 9.89% and 1.56 MPa for LMP‐PE film. Water vapor permeability of LMP‐PE and SA‐PE films was 63 and 60 g mm m−2 d−1 kPa, respectively, lower than that of TF‐PE film (70 g mm m−2 d−1 kPa) (P < 0.05). LMP‐PE film had higher water solubility, indicated by the haze percentage of water after 24 h of film immersion (52.8%) than that of TF‐PE (25.7%) and SA‐PE (15.9%) films, and also had higher amount of released phenolics (96.6%) than that of TF‐PE (93.8%) and SA‐PE (80.5%) films. PE films showed antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua, in which approximate 5‐log reductions in E. coli and 1.7‐ to 3.0‐log reductions in L. innocua were observed at the end of 24 h incubation test compared with control. This study demonstrated the possibility of utilizing WGP extracts as natural, antimicrobial, and antioxidant promoting film‐forming material for various food applications.Practical Application:  WGP extract‐based edible films with the addition of a small amount of commercial polysaccharides showed attractive color and comparable mechanical and water barrier properties to other edible films. The films also demonstrated their potential antioxidant and antimicrobial functions. Hence, they may be used as colorful wraps or coatings for food, pharmaceutical, or other similar applications.
How Micro‐Phase Separation Alters the Heating Rate Effects on Globular Protein Gelation
Authors: Leksrisompong Phanin N. , Foegeding Edward Allen 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  This study was conducted to determine how the combination of heating rate and pH can be used to alter viscoelastic properties and microstructure of egg white protein and whey protein isolate gels. Protein solutions (1% to 7% w/v protein, pH 3.0 to 8.5) were heated using a range of heating rates (0.2 to 60 °C/min) to achieve a final temperature of 80 °C. The gelation process and viscoelastic properties of formed gels were evaluated using small strain rheology. Single phase or micro‐phase separated solution conditions were determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In the single phase region, gels prepared by the faster heating rates had the lowest rigidity at 80 °C; however, a common G′ was achieved after holding for 4 h at 80 °C . On the other hand, under micro‐phase separation conditions, faster heating rates allowed phase separated particles to be frozen in the network prior to precipitation. Thus, gels produced by slower heating rates had lower rigidities than gels produced by faster heating rates. The effect of heating rate appears to depend on if the solution is under single phase or micro‐phase separated conditions.Practical Application:  The effect of heating rate and/or time on protein gel firmness can be explained based on protein charge. When proteins have a high net negative charge and form soluble aggregates, there is no heating rate effect and gels with equal firmness will be formed if given enough time. In contrast, when electrostatic repulsion is low, there is a competition between protein precipitation and gel formation; thus, a faster heating rate produces a firmer gel.
Production and Physicochemical Properties of 2‐Octen‐1‐Ylsuccinic Derivatives from Waxy Corn Starch
Authors: Zhu W. , Xie H.L. , Song X.Y. , Ren H.T. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  Waxy corn starch was esterified with 2‐octen‐1‐ylsuccinic anhydride (OSA) using response surface methodology. The molecular structure and paste properties were also investigated. Results indicated that the optimum parameters for esterification were as follows: reaction period 4 h, temperature 36.7 °C, pH of reaction system 8.3, concentration of starch slurry 36.9%, and amount of OSA 3%. The degree of substitution was 0.0187 and the reaction efficiency was 80.6%. The ester carbonyl group in OSA starch was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy at 1723 cm−1. Compared with native starch, OSA derivative had higher peak viscosity, better freeze–thaw stability, and decreased gelatinization temperature and digestibility by porcine pancreatic alpha–amylase. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the gels from OSA starch had less and smaller pores; however, the native starch gels changed to sponge‐like structure after 4 freezing/thawing cycles. The OSA modified waxy corn starch offered a potential to be used in frozen foods.Practical Application:  (a) To optimize operating conditions to achieve OSA modified waxy corn starch with a high degree of substitution; (b) to give a deeper insight into the physicochemical properties of OSA modified waxy corn starch, which offered a potential to be used in frozen foods.
Use of Gelatin Gels as a Reference Material for Performance Evaluation of Meat Shear Force Measurements
Authors: Bowker Brian C. , Eastridge Janet S. , Solomon Morse B. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  Establishing standards for meat tenderness based on Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) is complicated by the lack of methods for certifying WBSF testing among texture systems or laboratories. The objective of this study was to determine the suitability of using gelatin gels as reference materials for performance testing of texture measurement systems. Three replications of 5 gels (15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35% gelatin) were prepared, vacuum packaged, and stored at 4 °C until use. Three randomly selected strips from each gel were subjected to WBSF testing on 4 instruments (A, B, C, or D) on days 1 and 8. Additional strips from each gel were subjected to WBSF testing on instruments A and C on day 29. Regression line estimates for each set of gels were analyzed. Gel WBSF values ranged from 10 to 177 N. The WBSF by gel concentration response was highly linear (P < 0.0001) for all replications, instruments, and days of analysis. R2‐values across all sets of gels ranged from 0.9562 to 0.9998. On days 1 and 8, instruments A and D exhibited higher slope (P < 0.0001) and lower intercept (P < 0.0001) estimates than instruments B and C. Regression line parameters (slope, intercept, and R2‐values) were not influenced (P > 0.05) by length of gel storage (1, 8, and 29 d). Data from this study suggest that gelatin gels can be used for evaluating WBSF values from various instruments and for validating the performance of meat shear force testing.Practical Application:  Validating the performance of meat shear force testing is vital to establishing meat tenderness standards. The gelatin gel standards developed in this study exhibited a highly linear, repeatable relationship with shear force and were found to be stable for at least a month. These gel standards would provide a tool for the meat industry to harmonize shear force measurements across laboratories and various texture measuring instruments.
Mutagenicity and Safety Evaluation of the Water Extract of Camellia oleifera Abel
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chen Qiuping , Luo Xiaowei , Dai Tiantian , Lu Baiyi , Shen Jianfu 
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mutagenicity and safety of water extract of the fruit hull of Camellia oleifera Abel (WECO), which was prepared using hot‐reflux method. The oral maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of WECO was above 20 g/kg body weight both in rats and in mice, which can be regarded as virtually nontoxic. No mutagenicity was found in Ames test, mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test and mouse sperm abnormality test. In the subacute study, the SD rats were administered orally at 0.5, 1, or 2 g/kg/BW for 30 d. There were no treatment‐related toxic effects from WECO. No significant differences were found in parameters of body weight, hematology value, clinical chemistry value, and organ/body weight ratio. The level of no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for WECO was 2 g/kg/BW for subacute toxicity study.Practical Application:  With the gradual increase in tea oil production, it was in urgent need of dealing with Camellia fruit hull, which was always discarded because of low economic benefits. Camellia fruit hull has been shown to have significant antioxidant effects including DPPH radical‐scavenging ability and ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (Zhang and others 2010). Toxicological evaluation of WECO provided a safety assurance of WECO for developing dietary supplements and functional foods.