bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging pathogens and disease dynamics threatening avocado production in southern Türkiye
Authors: Çalış Özer , Çelik Sefanur , Fidan Hakan , Tek Mumin Ibrahim , Shah Mehraj , Tozlu Ilhami , Wani Shabir Hussain 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAvocado (Persea americana Milll.) holds a pivotal position in global fruit crops, contributing significantly to the economies of tropical and subtropical regions. However, the rising incidence of diseases poses a substantial risk to avocado production. This comprehensive study investigated the disease landscape in Antalya, the largest avocado cultivation area in the Türkiye. A survey of 2537 avocado trees across 11 regions from 2020 to 2021 revealed alarming disease incidences, particularly in the eastern regions of Gazipasa and Alanya. Dieback, branch canker, anthracnose, and soil-borne root rot were identified as the primary diseases affecting tree canopies, twigs, and branches. Morphological and molecular analyzes unveiled a spectrum of pathogens, with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides dominating in the Mediterranean region. Notably, Phytophthora cinnamomi emerged as a severe threat, causing root rot and decline in avocado trees. Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum, known for their association with tropical fruit crops, were identified in the western parts of Antalya. Additionally, we have detected Neofusicoccum parvum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, and Neopestalotiopsis rosae in collected samples from avocado trees. The identified pathogens exhibited varying levels of severity in branch canker and anthracnose on avocado branches and leaves. Furthermore, pathogenicity evaluations shed light on the potential of these pathogens to induce severe symptoms, emphasizing the urgency for effective control measures. The exploration of cultural and biological control strategies are crucial for mitigating the impact of branch canker, dieback, and anthracnose diseases, ensuring the sustainability of avocado cultivation in the region.
Determination of tolerance to Erwinia amylovora of intergeneric hybrid genus: Cydomalus
Authors: Şahin Müge 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA greater genetic diversity is essential for disease resistance in particular, and intergeneric hybridization makes this possible. The genus Cydomalus (syn: Cydolus), which is frequently used as rootstock, was derived from intergeneric hybridization between Cydonia oblonga Mill. and Malus domestica Borkh in Moldova and Bulgaria. It is known that hybrids from this genus exhibit quince and/or apple characteristics and some of them have been identified with reddish fruit skin color in Türkiye in the last decade. Erwinia amylovora Burril. is the most devastating bacterial disease in the Rosaceae family, and there have been no reports of Cydomalus. In this study, fire blight susceptibility index of three Cydomalus genotypes, were collected from İzmir and Manisa provinces, and two important quince rootstocks were determined by artificial inoculations with the most virulent Erwinia amylovora strain of our collection, under greenhouse conditions for two consecutive years. In addition, susceptibility levels of two Cydomalus genotypes were observed under natural disease pressure habitats. In line with the results of artificial inoculations, two of Cydomalus genotypes were determined to be more tolerant to fire blight disease than quince rootstocks and these genotypes could be used in breeding studies. Moreover, Cydomalus genus was identified as the new host for Erwinia amylovora.
In vitro biological evaluation of a novel folic acid-targeted receptor quantum dot−β−cyclodextrin carrier for C−2028 unsymmetrical bisacridine in the treatment of human lung and prostate cancers
Authors: Pilch Joanna , Potęga Agnieszka , Kowalik Patrycja , Kowalczyk Agata , Bujak Piotr , Kasprzak Artur , Paluszkiewicz Ewa , Nowicka Anna Maria 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Traditional small-molecule chemotherapeutics usually do not distinguish tumors from healthy tissues. However, nanotechnology creates nanocarriers that selectively deliver drugs to their site of action. This work is the next step in the development of the quantum dot−β−cyclodextrin−folic acid (QD−β−CD−FA) platform for targeted and selected delivery of C−2028 unsymmetrical bisacridine in cancer therapy.

Methods
Herein, we report an initial biological evaluation (using flow cytometry and light microscopy) as well as cell migration analysis of QD−β−CD(C−2028)−FA nanoconjugate and its components in the selected human lung and prostate cancer cells, as well as against their respective normal cells.

Results
C−2028 compound induced apoptosis, which was much stronger in cancer cells compared to normal cells. Conjugation of C−2028 with QDgreen increased cellular senescence, while the introduction of FA to the conjugate significantly decreased this process. C−2028 nanoencapsulation also reduced cell migration. Importantly, QDgreen and QDgreen−β−CD−FA themselves did not induce any toxic responses in studied cells.

Conclusions
In conclusion, the results demonstrate the high potential of a novel folic acid-targeted receptor quantum dot−β−cyclodextrin carrier (QDgreen−β−CD−FA) for drug delivery in cancer treatment. Nanoplatforms increased the amount of delivered compounds and demonstrated high suitability.
Seawater Intrusion in the Observed Grounding Zone of Petermann Glacier Causes Extensive Retreat
Authors: Ehrenfeucht Shivani , Rignot Eric , Morlighem Mathieu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding grounding line dynamics is critical for projecting glacier evolution and sea level rise. Observations from satellite radar interferometry reveal rapid grounding line migration forced by oceanic tides that are several kilometers larger than predicted by hydrostatic equilibrium, indicating the transition from grounded to floating ice is more complex than previously thought. Recent studies suggest seawater intrusion beneath grounded ice may play a role in driving rapid ice loss. Here, we investigate its impact on the evolution of Petermann Glacier, Greenland, using an ice sheet model. We compare model results with observed changes in grounding line position, velocity, and ice elevation between 2010 and 2022. We match the observed retreat, speed up, and thinning using 3‐km‐long seawater intrusion that drive peak ice melt rates of 50 m/yr; but we cannot obtain the same agreement without seawater intrusion. Including seawater intrusion in glacier modeling will increase the sensitivity to ocean warming.
Reduced Geostatistical Approach With a Fourier Neural Operator Surrogate Model for Inverse Modeling of Hydraulic Tomography
Authors: Guo Quan , He Yu , Liu Ming , Zhao Yue , Liu Yuzheng , Luo Jian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we propose a new approach for inverse modeling of hydraulic tomography (HT) using the Fourier neural operator (FNO) as a surrogate forward model. FNO is a deep learning model that directly parameterizes the integral kernel in Fourier space to learn solution operators for parametric partial differential equations (PDEs). We trained a highly accurate FNO to learn the solution operators of PDEs in HT, which can efficiently generate multiple channels of hydraulic head fields corresponding to specific pumping tests in new parameter fields through a single forward pass. The trained FNO surrogate model is integrated with the reduced geostatistical approach (RGA) to provide a powerful tool, named RGA‐FNO, for inverse modeling of Gaussian random fields. RGA utilizes principal components to effectively reduce problem dimensions and encode geostatistical information. FNO benefits from deep learning automatic differentiation, enabling efficient backpropagation of gradients during inverse modeling. Our results show that RGA‐FNO can efficiently produce satisfactory estimations for random transmissivity fields with an exponential covariance function, which is non‐differentiable and visually non‐smooth. The RGA‐FNO application on steady‐state multi‐well HT is better than the single‐well transient pumping test for inverse modeling. The data required for inverse modeling applications of RGA‐FNO increases with the variance of the random transmissivity fields. FNO and other neural operator models have the potential to play an important role in groundwater modeling, especially in inverse modeling and experimental design, which often requires a large number of forward simulations.
One in Four US Households Likely Exceed New Soil Lead Guidance Levels
Authors: Filippelli Gabriel M. , Dietrich Matthew , Shukle John , Wood Leah , Margenot Andrew , Egendorf S. Perl , Mielke Howard W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLead exposure has blighted communities across the United States (and the globe), with much of the burden resting on lower income communities, and communities of color. On 17 January 2024, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) lowered the recommended screening level of lead in residential soils from 400 to 200 parts per million. Our analysis of tens of thousands of citizen‐science collected soil samples from cities and communities around the US indicates that nearly one quarter of households may contain soil lead that exceed the new screening level. Extrapolating across the nation, that equates to nearly 30 million households needing to mitigate potential soil lead hazards, at a potential total cost of 290 billion to $1.2 trillion. We do not think this type of mitigation is feasible at the massive scale required and we have instead focused on a more immediate, far cheaper strategy: capping current soils with clean soils and/or mulch. At a fraction of the cost and labor of disruptive conventional soil mitigation, it yields immediate and potentially life‐changing benefits for those living in these environments.
Comparison of Lightning Channel Luminosity Versus Time Profiles in the Infrared and Visible Ranges
Authors: Ding Z. , Rakov V. A. , Zhu Y. , Kereszy I. , Chen S. , Tran M. D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInfrared (IR) luminosity of lightning channel in the 3–5 μm range usually persisted throughout the entire interstroke interval, which is in contrast to the simultaneously recorded visible (0.4–0.8 μm) luminosity that always decayed to an undetectable level prior to a subsequent return stroke pulse. A longer visible luminosity period at the end of flash tended to be associated with a longer IR afterglow period following the decay of visible luminosity (and by inference current) to an undetectable level. At the end of flash, the IR luminosity persisted up to about 1 s, and the median IR afterglow duration was a factor of 10 longer than the median visible luminosity duration. The IR luminosity often exhibited a hump when the visible luminosity was monotonically decaying or undetectable, with the corresponding channel temperature being likely around 3400 K.
Enhanced Modulation of Streamflow Flash Droughts by Reservoir Operations in India
Authors: Singh Rajesh , Mishra Vimal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStreamflow flash droughts (SFDs) occur due to a rapid decline in streamflow and cause major challenges associated with water availability for downstream ecosystems, hydropower generation, and irrigation water demand. Human interventions such as reservoir operations and reservoir storage can considerably influence streamflow variability. However, the crucial role of dams/reservoirs on the occurrence of SFDs in India remains unexamined. Using a combination of hydrological and hydrodynamical models, we examined the role of reservoirs on SFDs in India during 1971–2020. Reservoirs play a considerable role in the occurrence of SFDs during the summer monsoon season (June‐September) in India. The frequency and severity of SFDs in the presence of reservoirs are substantially lesser than in the absence of them. In addition, high and low antecedent reservoir storage conditions before meteorological flash droughts (MFDs) do not support the rapid decline of streamflow (i.e., SFDs) downstream of reservoirs, while the medium reservoir storage conditions prior to MFDs favor the development of SFDs. Similar to conventional (or long‐term) streamflow droughts (SDs), SFDs are more frequent in the El Nino phase than in the La Nina phase. Unlike the long‐term streamflow droughts, the implementation of dams considerably reduces the frequency of SFDs during both the negative and positive phases of El Nino Southern Oscillation. Overall, our findings demonstrate the considerable role of human interventions in flash drought occurrence, as SFDs are triggered by MFDs but modulated by reservoir storage and operations.
Model Diagnostic Analysis in a Cold Basin Influenced by Frozen Soils With the Aid of Stable Isotope
Authors: Nan Yi , Tian Fuqiang , Li Zongxing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the hydrological processes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) under climate change is an important scientific question. The frequent multiphase transfer exacerbates the complexity of hydrological processes on the TP, which brings equifinality problem to hydrological models and causes large uncertainties in quantifying the contributions of runoff components. Tracer‐aided hydrological models are helpful for improving model performances and have been adopted in cryospheric regions, but the influence of frozen soil has yet to be considered. This study adopted the Tracer‐aided Tsinghua Representative Elementary Watershed model (THREW‐T) in a typical cold basin with widespread frozen soil on the TP. The model structure was diagnosed with isotope by identifying the influences of frozen soil. A simplified catchment‐scale frozen soil module was incorporated into the model. Results showed that: (a) The THREW‐T model cannot simultaneously simulate baseflow and stream water isotope well. The imbalance of simulations on two objectives could be attributed to the influence of frozen soil, resulting in seasonal variation of soil‐related parameters, which was not considered in the model. (b) Incorporating the frozen soil module significantly improved the balance of baseflow and isotope simulation, simultaneously producing low baseflow and high contribution of subsurface runoff during wet seasons. (c) The frozen soil had little influence on the annual streamflow, but changed the runoff seasonality by reducing baseflow during dry seasons and increasing subsurface runoff during wet seasons. The frozen soil module was still simplified, and further work is needed to improve the physical representation of soil freeze‐thaw process. This study highlights the value of tracer‐aided hydrological modeling method on diagnosing model structure by identifying the influence of specific processes such as frozen soil.
Optically levitated micro gyroscopes with an MHz rotational vaterite rotor
Authors: Zeng Kai , Xu Xiangming , Wu Yulie , Wu Xuezhong , Xiao Dingbang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe field of levitated optomechanics has experienced significant advancements in manipulating the translational and rotational dynamics of optically levitated particles and exploring their sensing applications. The concept of using optically levitated particles as gyroscopes to measure angular motion has long been explored but has not yet been proven either theoretically or experimentally. In this study, we present the first rotor gyroscope based on optically levitated high-speed rotating particles. The gyroscope is composed of a micrometer-size ellipsoidal vaterite particle that is driven to rotate at MHz frequencies in a vacuum environment. When an external angular velocity is input, the optical axis deviates from its initial position, resulting in changes in the frequency and amplitude of the rotational signal. By analyzing these changes, the angular velocity of the input can be accurately detected, making it the smallest rotor gyroscope in the world. The angular rate bias instability of the gyroscope is measured to be 0.08°/s and can be further improved to as low as 10−9°/h theoretically by cooling the motion and increasing the angular moment of the levitated particle. Our work opens a new application paradigm for levitated optomechanical systems and may pave the way for the development of quantum rotor gyroscopes.
Penpulimab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, for heavily pretreated metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a single-arm phase II study
Authors: Chen Xiaozhong , Wang Wei , Zou Qingfeng , Zhu Xiaodong , Lin Qin , Jiang Yi , Sun Yan , Shen Liangfang , Wang Lin , Zou Guorong , Lin Xiaoyan , Lin Shaojun , Li Minying , Wang Ying , Xu Ruilian , Ao Rui , Wang Rensheng , Lin Haifeng , Huang Shuang , Xu Tingting , Li Wenting , Xia Mengying , Xia Yu , Wang Zhongmin , Li Baiyong , Li Jingao , Hu Chaosu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPenpulimab is an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) IgG1 antibody with no Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) binding activity, and thus theoretically reduced immune-related adverse events (irAEs) while maintaining efficacy. This single-arm, phase II trial conducted across 20 tertiary care centers in China enrolled adult patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who had failed two or more lines of previous systemic chemotherapy. Patients received 200-mg penpulimab intravenously every 2 weeks (4 weeks per cycle) until disease progression or intolerable toxicities. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST (version 1.1), as assessed by an independent radiological review committee. The secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). One hundred thirty patients were enrolled and 125 were efficacy evaluable. At the data cutoff date (September 28, 2022), 1 patient achieved complete response and 34 patients attained partial response. The ORR was 28.0% (95% CI 20.3–36.7%). The response was durable, with 66.8% still in response at 9 months. Thirty-three patients (26.4%) were still on treatment. The median PFS and OS were 3.6 months (95% CI = 1.9–7.3 months) and 22.8 months (95% CI = 17.1 months to not reached), respectively. Ten (7.6%) patients experienced grade 3 or higher irAEs. Penpulimab has promising anti-tumor activities and acceptable toxicities in heavily pretreated metastatic NPC patients, supporting further clinical development as third-line treatment of metastatic NPC.
Caries preventing efficacy of new Isomalt-containing mouthrinse formulations: a microbial study
Authors: Amaechi Bennett T. , AbdulAzees Parveez Ahamed , Mohseni Sahar , Luong Minh N. , Lin Chun-Yen , Restrepo-Ceron Maria Camila , Kataoka Yuko , Omosebi Temitope O. , Kanthaiah Kannan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The effectiveness of an Isomalt-containing mouthrinse to prevent caries development was investigated.

Methods
Human enamel blocks were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 30/group): De-ionized distilled water (DDW), and mouthrinse containing either (IFC) 1% Isomalt, 225 ppm fluoride, and 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), (IF) 1% Isomalt and 225ppm fluoride, (FC) 225 ppm fluoride and 0.05% CPC or (F) 225 ppm fluoride. During 7-day demineralization in a Microbial Caries Model, mouthrinses were applied once daily for 1 min. Demineralization was assessed using Surface Microhardness testing for percentage change in SMH (%ΔSMH) and Transverse Microradiography for mineral loss (ΔZ). Data analysis (α = 0.05) used paired t-test (Intra-group comparison using SMH) and ANOVA/Tukey’s for inter-group comparisons (%ΔSMH and ΔZ).

Results
With SMH, relative to sound enamel baseline, demineralization was significant (P < 0.001) in all groups, except in IFC. Intergroup comparison with %ΔSMH showed significantly (p < 0.001) greater demineralization in DDW compared to other groups, and in IF, FC, and F compared to IFC (P < 0.001). With ΔZ, relative to DDW, all groups significantly (p < 0.0001) inhibited demineralization at varying percentages.

Conclusions
Mouthrinse containing Isomalt, fluoride, and CPC inhibited demineralization amidst cariogenic biofilm; thus, highlighting its potential as a more effective caries control tool than mouthrinse with only fluoride.
The miR-29 family facilitates the activation of NK-cell immune responses by targeting the B7-H3 immune checkpoint in neuroblastoma
Authors: Pathania Anup S. , Chava Haritha , Chaturvedi Nagendra K. , Chava Srinivas , Byrareddy Siddappa N. , Coulter Don W. , Challagundla Kishore B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is a highly aggressive pediatric cancer that originates from immature nerve cells, presenting significant treatment challenges due to therapy resistance. Despite intensive treatment, approximately 50% of high-risk NB cases exhibit therapy resistance or experience relapse, resulting in poor outcomes often associated with tumor immune evasion. B7-H3 is an immune checkpoint protein known to inhibit immune responses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Our study aims to explore the impact of miRNAs on B7-H3 regulation, the anti-tumor immune response, and tumorigenicity in NB. Analysis of NB patients and patient-derived xenograft tumors revealed a correlation between higher B7-H3 expression and poorer patient survival. Notably, deceased patients exhibited a depletion of miR-29 family members (miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-29c), which displayed an inverse association with B7-H3 expression in NB patients. Overexpression and knockdown experiments demonstrated that these miRNAs degrade B7-H3 mRNA, resulting in enhanced NK cell activation and cytotoxicity. In vivo, experiments provided further evidence that miR-29 family members reduce tumorigenicity, macrophage infiltration, and microvessel density, promote infiltration and activation of NK cells, and induce tumor cell apoptosis. These findings offer a rationale for developing more effective combination treatments that leverage miRNAs to target B7-H3 in NB patients.
TMC6 functions as a GPCR-like receptor to sense noxious heat via Gαq signaling
Authors: Zhang Chen , Tong Fang , Zhou Bin , He Mingdong , Liu Shuai , Zhou Xiaomeng , Ma Qiang , Feng Tianyu , Du Wan-Jie , Yang Huan , Xu Hao , Xiao Lei , Xu Zhen-Zhong , Zhu Cheng , Wu Ruiqi , Wang Yan-Qing , Han Qingjian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThermosensation is vital for the survival, propagation, and adaption of all organisms, but its mechanism is not fully understood yet. Here, we find that TMC6, a membrane protein of unknown function, is highly expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and functions as a Gαq-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-like receptor to sense noxious heat. TMC6-deficient mice display a substantial impairment in noxious heat sensation while maintaining normal perception of cold, warmth, touch, and mechanical pain. Further studies show that TMC6 interacts with Gαq via its intracellular C-terminal region spanning Ser780to Pro810. Specifically disrupting such interaction using polypeptide in DRG neurons, genetically ablating Gαq, or pharmacologically blocking Gαq-coupled GPCR signaling can replicate the phenotype of TMC6 deficient mice regarding noxious heat sensation. Noxious heat stimulation triggers intracellular calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of TMC6- but not control vector-transfected HEK293T cell, which can be significantly inhibited by blocking PLC or IP3R. Consistently, noxious heat-induced intracellular Ca2+release from ER and action potentials of DRG neurons largely reduced when ablating TMC6 or blocking Gαq/PLC/IP3R signaling pathway as well. In summary, our findings indicate that TMC6 can directly function as a Gαq-coupled GPCR-like receptor sensing noxious heat.