bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature Effects on Carbohydrates of Hydroponically-Grown Peanuts
Authors: Burke John J. , Chen Junping , Rowland Diane L. , Sanders Timothy H. , Dean Lisa L. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In most years, peanuts from the south-central US have excellent soluble sugar levels for the food industry; however, in some growing seasons high sugar contents are a significant problem associated with roasted color variation. To test the hypothesis that high sugar concentration was related to low temperature extremes, this study evaluated temperature effects on carbohydrate levels in peanuts grown hydroponically. Peanuts were grown with separate pod-zone and shoot-root zone day/night temperatures. Peanut carbohydrate contents were evaluated in seed from pods grown at nighttime pod-zone temperatures of 15, 20, 22, 24 and 28 C. Total carbohydrates were higher in peanuts grown in 15 C pod-zone temperatures compared with those maintained at 28 C. Peanuts harvested at 120 d after planting (DAP) had the highest sucrose contents at 15 and 20 C, the second highest sucrose contents at 22 C, and the lowest sucrose concentration at 24 C. The temperature-induced differential in sucrose contents of 120 DAP peanuts was not observed in peanuts harvested at 141 DAP. These findings support the observation that soil temperature has a greater impact on peanut carbohydrate accumulation than air temperature. The results also suggest that nighttime soil temperatures of 15 C will result in more mature peanuts if they are grown for 141 d after planting; however, harvesting before the peanuts reach maturity may result in elevated sugar contents.
Comparison of ELISA and RT-PCR assays for the detection of Tomato spotted wilt virus in peanut
Authors: Dang P. M. , Rowland D. L. , Faircloth W. H. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Diagnosis of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in peanut can be accomplished by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) but there has been no report of a direct comparison of the success of the two assays in evaluating infection rates of field-grown peanut. We collected peanut root samples from field-grown plants, 76 in 2006 and 48 in 2007, and tested these samples by both ELISA and RT-PCR assays for the presence of TSWV. Out of 124 samples, 50 (40.3%) and 57 (46.0%) were positive for TSWV by ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. In 13.7% of these samples, ELISA and RT-PCR differed in their results. However, Chi square analysis showed no significant difference between the results for these two assays. This result supports the conclusion that ELISA and RT-PCR are comparable for detecting TSWV infection rates in field-grown peanuts.
Genital anomalies in three male siblings with Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome
Authors: Griffith Christopher B. , Probert Richard C. , Vance Gail H. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSimpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome is an X‐linked recessive overgrowth disorder characterized by prenatal onset of overgrowth, characteristic facies, and frequently mild to severe mental retardation. In addition, a number of other characteristics including supernumerary nipples, a grooved tongue or chin, chest wall malformations, and mild genital anomalies are frequently seen as well. Here we present three brothers with Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome, all of which had cryptorchidism with one also having chordee of the penis, hypospadius, and penoscrotal transposition. While severe genital anomalies have been reported rarely in patients with Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome, no individuals with such anomalies prior to this report had survived beyond the neonatal period. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parental perceived value of a diagnosis for intellectual disability (ID): A qualitative comparison of families with and without a diagnosis for their child's ID
Authors: Makela Nancy L. , Birch Patricia H. , Friedman Jan M. , Marra Carlo A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAlthough new technologies such as array genomic hybridization to diagnosis the cause of intellectual disabilities (ID) are exciting to clinicians, the value of an etiological diagnosis to the families of affected children is largely unknown. Parents of 20 children with ID, 10 with and 10 without a causal or an etiological diagnosis were interviewed in depth about the value they place on such a diagnosis. They were asked about experiences acquiring services, use of support groups, interactions with family and friends, and opinions on prenatal diagnosis. Parents were also asked whether their child's diagnostic status had influenced these events or affected the couple's reproductive decisions. Finally, parents were asked whether their interest regarding the importance of an etiological diagnosis had changed over time. Interview transcripts were analyzed to determine values parents place on etiological diagnoses and comparisons were made between the two groups. These parents felt the need for a diagnosis most intensely when developmental concerns were first noted, and most parents agreed that this intensity diminished over time. All would have preferred to have an etiological diagnosis, but for some the only reason was curiosity. Validation was the most important value attributed to a diagnosis: it offered legitimacy for the child's behavior and appearance. However, a descriptive label, such as autism, was often more useful to parents than a rare but specific etiological diagnosis. Surprisingly, between the two groups there were no differences in the parents' perceptions or experiences related to the presence or absence of an etiological diagnosis for their child's ID. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conversion disorder in women with the FMR1 premutation
Authors: Seritan Andreea L. , Schneider Andrea , Olichney John M. , Leehey Maureen A. , Akins R. Scott , Hagerman Randi J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWomen with fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene premutations (55–200 CGG repeats) were until recently believed to be unaffected. It is now known that up to 8% of older female FMR1 premutation carriers develop fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Female carriers may also develop primary ovarian insufficiency, thyroid disease, hypertension, seizures, peripheral neuropathy, and fibromyalgia. We present a 60‐year‐old woman with FMR1 premutation who had depression, anxiety, and conversion disorder with seizures. The FMR1 premutation with its associated mRNA toxicity is postulated as an underlying neurobiological mechanism of conversion symptoms, through functional and structural neural dysconnectivity. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Überlegungen zum hygrothermischen Verhalten von Außenwänden im Holztafel‐/Holzrahmenbau mit direkt beschichteten Beplankungen
Authors: Rosenau Britta 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIm vorliegenden Artikel wird gezeigt, dass es möglich ist, im Versuch erhaltene hygrothermische Messwerte aus Bewitterungsversuchen an Außenwänden im Holztafel‐/Holzrahmenbau mit direkt beschichteten Beplankungen mit dem Programm WUFI 4.0 nachzurechnen. Anschließend erfolgte die hygrothermische Berechnung der Wandkonstruktionen mit dem in WUFI 4.0 enthaltenen Klimadatensatz von Holzkirchen. Die erhaltenen Zeitkurven der relativen Luftfeuchte und Lufttemperatur dienten als Eingabewerte in WUFI‐BIO 2.0 zur Berechnung des Risikos eines Schimmelpilzwachstums in der Konstruktion. Das Risiko eines Schimmelpilzwachstums in der Konstruktion konnte mit den Berechnungen nicht generell ausgeschlossen werden. Es wird empfohlen, innere Dampfbremsfolien mit sd ⩾ 25 m zu verwenden. Weiterführende Untersuchungen sollten an realen Bauobjekten erfolgen.To observe the hygrothermal behavior of exterior walls in timber frame construction with direct rendered sheathings.The presented paper shows that it is possible to calculate with the program WUFI 4.0 the hygrothermal measurement data of weathering tests in the climate chamber on exterior walls in timber frame construction with direct rendered sheathings. Afterwards, hygrothermal calculations of walls under the use of climate data from Holzkirchen/Germany were conducted. The obtained relative humidity time diagrams and temperature time diagrams were used as input values in WUFI‐BIO 2.0 to calculate the risk of mould growth in the construction. In general, the risk of mould growth in the construction could not be excluded with the calculations. Therefore, the use of interior vapor barrier sheets with sd ⩾ 25 m is recommended. Further research should take place on real buildings.
Progenitor cell maturation in the developing vertebrate retina
Authors: Yang Hyun‐Jin , Silva Amila O. , Koyano‐Nakagawa Naoko , McLoon Steven C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractProgenitor cells in the developing retina initially divide so that each division produces two cells that divide again. Subsequently, progenitor cells change their mode of division so that one or both cells produced by a division can withdraw from the mitotic cycle and differentiate. We asked how these two progenitor cell stages differ molecularly and what controls the switch in the mode of division. We show that early preneurogenic progenitor cells express the transcription factor, Sox2, and the Notch ligand, Delta1. More mature neurogenic progenitor cells express Sox2 and the bHLH transcription factor, E2A, and not Delta1. Notch signaling maintains progenitor cells in the preneurogenic state. Sonic hedgehog expressed by newly differentiating cells initiates maturation of progenitor cells from preneurogenic to neurogenic at the neurogenic front, possibly by down‐regulating Delta1 expression. Our results show that the preneurogenic‐to‐neurogenic transition is a highly organized unidirectional step made in unison by neighboring cells. Developmental Dynamics 238:2823–2836, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Xenopus axin‐related protein: A link between its centrosomal localization and function in the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Alexandrova Evguenia M. , Sokol Sergei Y. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation and cell fate determination in multiple systems. However, the subcellular localization of Wnt pathway components and the significance of this localization for the pathway regulation have not been extensively analyzed. Here we report that Xenopus Axin‐related protein (XARP), a component of the β‐catenin destruction complex, is localized to the centrosome. This localization of XARP requires the presence of the DIX domain and an adjacent region. Since other components of the Wnt pathway have also been shown to associate with the centrosome, we tested a hypothesis that the β‐catenin destruction complex operates at the centrosome. However, XARP mutants with poor centrosomal localization revealed an enhanced rather than decreased ability to antagonize the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Our data are consistent with the idea that the inactivation of XARP at the centrosome is an important regulatory point in Wnt signaling. Developmental Dynamics 239:261–270, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of novel genes involved in the development of the sword and gonopodium in swordtail fish
Authors: Offen Nils , Meyer Axel , Begemann Gerrit 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCOVER PHOTOGRAPH: Bony fin rays of the gonopodium, an intromittent organ, of the male swordtail fish, Xiphophorus helleri. Distal skeletal elements are differentiated into hook‐like structures that facilitate efficient sperm transfer during internal fertilization. From Offen et al., Developmental Dynamics 238:1674–1687, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health expenditure and income in the United States
Authors: Moscone F. , Tosetti E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper investigates the long‐run economic relationship between health care expenditure and income in the US at a State level. Using a panel of 49 US States over the period 1980–2004, we study the non‐stationarity and co‐integration between health spending and income, ultimately measuring income elasticity of health care. The tests we adopt allow us to explicitly control for cross‐section dependence and unobserved heterogeneity. Specifically, in our regression equations we assume that the error has a multifactor structure, which may capture global shocks and local spill overs in health expenditure. Our results suggest that health care is a necessity rather than a luxury, with an elasticity much smaller than that estimated in other US studies. Further, we detect significant spatial concentration in US health spending. Our broad perspective of cross‐section dependence as well as the methods used to capture it give new insights on the debate over the relationship between health spending and income. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multicomponent Approach Towards the Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles under Supramolecular Catalysis Using β‐Cyclodextrin as a Catalyst in Water Under Neutral Conditions
Authors: Murthy Sabbavarapu Narayana , Madhav Bandaru , Kumar Akkiligunta Vijay , Rao Kakulapati Rama , Nageswar Yadavalli Venkata Durga 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSynthesis of substituted pyrroles in H2O by using β‐cyclodextrin as a supramolecular catalyst is described. This reaction has several advantages over existing methods and provides substituted pyrroles in good‐to‐excellent yields (79–89%). The supramolecular catalysis of the reaction was studied using 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. β‐Cyclodextrin can be recovered and reused several times without loss of activity.
The Structures of Indazolin‐3‐one (=1,2‐Dihydro‐3H‐indazol‐3‐one) and 7‐Nitroindazolin‐3‐one
Authors: Claramunt Rosa M. , Sanz Dionisia , López Concepción , Pinilla Elena , Torres M. Rosario , Elguero José , Nioche Pierre , Raman C. S. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe existence of polymorphism in parent indazolin‐3‐one (=1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐indazol‐3‐one; 1) is reported as well as an X‐ray and NMR CPMAS study establishing that its 7‐nitro derivative 2 exists as the 3‐hydroxy tautomer. Absolute shieldings calculated at the GIAO/B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level were used to determine the tautomeric oxo/hydroxy equilibrium in solution, i.e., always the 1H‐indazol‐3‐ol tautomer predominates.
Mitissimolone, a New Sesquiterpene with a Novel Carbon Skeleton from the Basidiomycete Lactarius mitissimus
Authors: Luo Du‐Qiang , Liang Shu‐Juan , Shi Yao‐Long , Tang Hong‐Liang 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMitissimolone, a new regular sesquiterpene possessing a novel carbon skeleton, was isolated from the EtOH extract of fruiting bodies of Lactarius mitissimus. Its structure was determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectra. Mitissimolone inhibited moderately the growth of HeLa cells lines, with an IC50 value of 29.8 μg/ml.
Comparative Studies of Different Quinolinone Derivatives as Donors in Fluorescence‐Resonance‐Energy Transfer (FRET) – Systems in Combination with a (Bathophenanthroline)ruthenium(II) Complex as Acceptor
Authors: Kramer Rolf A. , Flehr Roman , Lay Myriam , Kumke Michael U. , Bannwarth Willi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe describe the preparation as well as a detailed photophysical study of Fmoc‐amino acid building blocks carrying different carbostyril (=quinolin‐2(1H)‐one) heterocycles as donors in a FRET (fluorescence‐resonance‐energy transfer) system in combination with a [RuII(bathophenanthroline)] complex (bathophenanthroline=4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline). The efforts resulted in a clear preference for building block 16 due to its ease of synthesis (Scheme 2), its chemical robustness, and the FRET efficiency when incorporated into peptides.
Two New Triterpenoids from the Stems of Schisandra bicolor
Authors: Ma Wenhui , He Jiancheng , Li Lin , Qin Luping 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo new triterpenoids, schisanbilactones A and B (1 and 2, resp.), and a new natural product, 1‐chloro‐3‐phenylhex‐5‐en‐3‐ol (3), as well as a known triterpenoid, kadsulactone A (4), were isolated from the stems of Schisandra bicolor. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 2D‐NMR techniques.
Raman spectra of benzoic acid enhanced by the silver nanoparticles of various sizes
Authors: Zheng K. H. , Chou Y. C. , Wu Y. J. , Lee Y. T. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractUsing sodium borohydride as the reducing agent and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP, MW = 10 000) as the stabilizer, we obtained silver nanoparticles of various diameters (8–78 nm) from silver nitrate aqueous solutions in the concentration range from 0.001 to 0.1 M. The surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from benzoic acid's ring‐breathing mode at 1003 cm−1 was detected from its dilute solutions (∼10−2 M) doped with these silver nanoparticles under 488‐nm laser excitation. The observed size dependences of SERS intensities fit quite well with those calculated by Schatz's theoretical model for spherical silver nanoparticles. The only exception occurred with the smallest particles (8 nm), possibly due to the failure of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory used in this model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐trapped NH vibrational states in the polymorphs of glycine, L‐ and DL‐alanine
Authors: Kolesov Boris A. , Boldyreva Elena V. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe polarized Raman spectra of the oriented single crystals of L‐ and DL‐alanine, α‐, β‐ and γ‐polymorphs of glycine have been studied at 3–300 K. Regularly spaced band packets have been observed in the spectral range of 2500–3000 cm−1, with intensity decreasing noticeably on heating. These band packets were interpreted as the manifestations of the existence of NH self‐trapped states in these systems at low temperatures. The analysis of the polarized spectra has shown that the self‐trapping is observed exclusively for the NH stretching vibration of the amino groups, which is related to the NH···O hydrogen bonds along the head‐to‐tail chains of zwitterions in the crystal structures. The wavenumber of this NH stretching vibration, however, was proposed to depend not solely on the length of this NH···O hydrogen bond, but also on the lengths of all the other NH···O hydrogen bonds formed by the NH3+ and the COO− groups in the structure linking the head‐to‐tail chains with each other. The arguments in favor of the hypothesis that the self‐trapping in these systems can be mediated by zero‐point quantum motions, and not by lattice phonons, are considered. The unusually low wavenumber (2500 cm−1) observed for the NH stretching vibration and indicating at the formation of a very strong NH···O bond is interpreted based on considering the effect of the crystalline environment on the formation and properties of the NH···O bonds in the head‐to‐tail chains of amino acid zwitterions. The results are interesting for understanding the factors determining the dynamics and structural instability of crystalline amino acids and also for biophysical chemistry, as the hydrogen bonded chains formed by amino acid zwitterions in the crystals can mimic the peptide chains. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carotenes and carotenoids in natural biological samples: a Raman spectroscopic analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Vanessa E. , Castro Harlem V. , Edwards Howell G. M. , de Oliveira Luiz Fernando C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRaman spectroscopic studies of a range of naturally occurring carotenoids in over 50 specimens of plant tissue and a range of standard extracts have been undertaken, and the characteristic bands of CC and CC stretching and CCH bending have been recorded. Comparison of the spectroscopic data with the chemical assignment of the carotenoids from chemical extraction of the plant tissues reveals that there is a problem in the interpretation of the spectroscopic data which can be attributed to significant wavenumber shifts, particularly in the CC stretching band wavenumber, for carotenoids in the organic tissues arising from molecular interactions between the carotenoid and its host matrix. The simple identification of carotenoids in biological tissues on the basis of comparison with the standard spectra of extracted material must be made with caution; the progressive shift in wavenumber of the CC stretching band in the conjugated polyene chain of carotenoids with the number of CC groups, and hence the identification of the carotenoid, cannot be unambiguously interpreted for the range of materials studied here. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On‐site analysis of Chinese Cloisonné enamels from fifteenth to nineteenth centuries
Authors: Kırmızı Burcu , Colomban Philippe , Quette Béatrice 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA selection of 22 rare Chinese cloisonné enamels, from fifteenth century to nineteenth century A.D., has been studied on‐site in the storage rooms of the musée des Arts décoratifs in Paris. The Raman signatures of the transparent and/or opacified glass matrix are discussed and compared with those that were previously recorded on glazed pottery, enameled and stained glasses. Enamels mostly belong to lead‐based potash‐lime glasses. Three different compositions, lead‐potash‐lime (fifteenth, sixteenth, eighteenth and nineteenth century), soda‐rich (sixteenth–seventeenth century) and soda‐lime (seventeenth century) are identified according to the wavenumber maxima of the SiO stretching and bending multiplets. Most of the pigment signatures are similar to those recorded on ceramic glazes and glass enamels, which proves the link between the technologies but a specific opacifier is observed: fluorite (CaF2). Naples Yellow pigment variations give characteristic signatures. Additionally, a comparison is made with Limoges enamels (sixteenth–nineteenth century A.D.). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of the Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther extract in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Chung Yun‐Chin , Chen Shu‐Ju , Peng Hsin‐Yi , Chou Su‐Tze 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Our previous in vitro study showed that 50% ethanolic extract of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther (GE50) exhibited an inhibitory effect on angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE). This study was aimed at evaluating the antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of GE50 extract on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).RESULTS: Daily oral administration of GE50 extract (2.5 g kg−1 body weight) for 4 weeks exhibited a significant decrease in blood pressure as well as ACE activity of tested tissues in SHR rats, while no significant change was found in normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). For SHR, GE50 extract increased the total antioxidant status in the plasma and decreased malondialdehyde levels in all tested tissues. Furthermore, GE50 extract increased α‐tocopherol and glutathione levels in brain tissue, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in heart, as well as catalase activity in liver tissue. In WKY rats, GE50 extract only increased ascorbic acid level in liver tissue.CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that GE50 might serve as an antioxidant and an ACE inhibitor in convalescence from hypertension in rats. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry