bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and thermal properties of compatibilized composites of LDPE and esterified unbleached wood pulp
Authors: Sailaja R.R.N. , Deepthi M.V. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWood pulp has been esterified and blended with low density polyethylene (LDPE) along with LDPE grafted maleic anhydride as compatibilizer. The mechanical and thermal properties of the blends were measured and compared with neat LDPE. The mechanical properties improved due to the addition of compatibilizer. In all cases, an optimal compatibilizer content was observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed better adhesion between LDPE and treated wood pulp. SEM micrographs showed ductile fracture morphology for lower loadings of esterified wood pulp while for higher loadings, the specimen exhibited predominantly brittle fracture. Thermal analysis revealed that weight loss is higher for compatibilized composites. The obtained experimental results were analyzed using predictive theories which indicated better interaction between the LDPE and treated wood pulp. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Multi‐scale hybrid composites‐based carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wang Yongkun , Xu Zhiwei , Chen Li , Jiao Yanan , Wu Xiaoqing 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSince the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been discovered, there has been a marked increase in the scientific literature dealing with multi‐scale composites. The multi‐scale hybrid composites with CNTs could endow the composites with some superior mechanical properties, such as improving the tensile performance, modest increasing compressive and flexural properties, and significantly enhancing interlaminar, interfacial and fracture strength. In addition, composites with CNTs can also develop the functional properties. A small quantity of CNTs can significantly increase the electrical properties of composites and lower the coefficient of thermal expansion of composites. The purpose of this work is to review the available literature in mechanical and functional properties of multi‐scale hybrid composites manufactured using CNTs. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Design and evaluation of the interface between carbon nanotubes and natural rubber
Authors: Jiang Hong‐Xia , Ni Qing‐Qing , Natsuki Toshiaki 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTo design the interface between carbon nanotubes and natural rubber (NR), a silane coupling agent, bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT), was used to modify the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a two‐step method, and the silane‐modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (s‐MWCNTs) were combined with NR by solvent casting. The s‐MWCNTs with an amorphous layer were visualized by transmission electron microscopy, the functional groups of which were confirmed by Raman and Fourier transform infrared analyses, and the functionalization degree was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis. The interface between s‐MWCNTs and NR was investigated by Raman analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Raman analysis showed a shift from 1,340 to 1,353 cm−1 of D band of s‐MWCNTs in the NR/s‐MWCNT composite, and FESEM observation indicated that s‐MWCNTs were embedded deeply in NR. All of these results proved that s‐MWCNTs were grafted with TESPT and they reacted with the active double bonds of NR to form a strong interface. The improved interface resulted in an extreme nonlinear viscoelastic behavior and enhanced dynamic mechanical property of NR/s‐MWCNT composite as compared to NR/MWCNT composite. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Experimental validation of a regression‐based predictive model for elastic constants of open mesh tubular diamond‐braid composites
Authors: Ayranci Cagri , Carey Jason P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe prediction of elastic constants of open‐mesh diamond braids has not been adequately studied. The objective of this work is to provide a further comparison of longitudinal elastic and shear moduli regression equations previously developed with experimental data from in‐house experiments; to determine the regression equations linearity limits; and to provide a validated predictive model for E
x, E
y and G
xy for large open mesh composites. The results of the model match well with experimental findings for close‐mesh braided composites; however, for open‐mesh braided composites the results show differences. Also, the lower linearity limit (LLL) of the model for different fiber‐matrix systems were calculated and discussed. The comparison of initial experimental findings of the open‐mesh structures and the model suggests a full characterization of the model can be possible by increasing the experimental data pool in the literature which is currently very limited. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Reference range of birth weight with gestation and first‐trimester prediction of small‐for‐gestation neonates
Authors: Poon Leona C. Y. , Karagiannis George , Staboulidou Ismini , Shafiei Akram , Nicolaides Kypros H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectiveFirstly, to establish a reference range of birth weight with gestation at delivery; secondly, to identify maternal characteristics that are significantly associated with birth weight; and thirdly, to determine if combinations of maternal characteristics, fetal nuchal translucency thickness (NT), and serum concentrations of free beta‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐hCG) and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) are significant predictors of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonates in the absence of preeclampsia.MethodMaternal characteristics were recorded; fetal NT, maternal serum free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A were measured at 11 weeks to 13 weeks 6 days in 33,602 women with singleton pregnancies. Regression analysis was used to determine the association of birth weight with gestation at delivery and to establish a reference range with gestation. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine if maternal factors, fetal NT, free β‐hCG, and PAPP‐A contribute significantly in predicting SGA in the absence of preeclampsia.ResultsBirth weight increased with maternal weight and height; it was higher in parous than in nulliparous women and in those with a medical history of pre‐pregnancy diabetes mellitus, and it was lower in cigarette smokers, in all racial groups other than in Caucasian women, and in those with a medical history of chronic hypertension and in those who previously delivered SGA neonates. In the SGA group compared with the unaffected group, there were lower median delta NT (0.10 vs 0.12 mm), free β‐hCG [0.9 vs 1.0 MoM (multiples of median)], and PAPP‐A (0.8 vs 1.0 MoM). The prediction of SGA provided by maternal factors was significantly improved by the addition of fetal NT and PAPP‐A (34.0 vs 37.0% at a false‐positive rate of 10%).ConclusionPrediction of the birth of SGA neonates in the absence of preeclampsia can be provided in the first trimester of pregnancy by a combination of maternal characteristics and measurements of parameters used in early screening for aneuploidies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance trends in grid‐connected photovoltaic systems for public and industrial use in Japan
Authors: Oozeki Takashi , Yamada Takao , Otani Kenji , Takashima Takumi , Kato Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPhotovoltaic (PV) systems have become popular globally as an important candidate in the establishment of low‐carbon electrical and civil systems. Since the early 1990s, globally, many PV systems have been installed, and their performance parameters such as annual yield, performance ratio, and system losses have been monitored in order to understand their basic characteristics; these data also help in the development of these systems and in analyzing their reliability. In Japan, the performance of residential PV systems was evaluated and reported. However, these evaluations were carried out using older systems, and the current status and the performance trend for each installation year have not been sufficiently evaluated and discussed. Therefore, this report aims to provide a macroscopic evaluation of the performance trends of PV systems by using the monitoring data of systems that were installed between the year 2000 and the year 2007. As a result of the evaluation, we have concluded that the performance ratio of these systems improved to an average of 0.72 until fiscal year 2000 and to 0.78 after fiscal year 2001. For investigating the factors behind this increase in performance ratio, we have focused on characteristics of the actual system capacity (capacity of each PV module measured at the point of shipment) and inverter efficiency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delinquent behaviour patterns in adolescence: Development and associated personality traits
Authors: Eklund Jenny M. , Liljeberg Jenny Freidenfelt , af Klinteberg Britt 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe present study examined subgroups of delinquent adolescents and the short‐term development of delinquency and personality traits characterizing these subgroups. Participants were girls and boys examined at the beginning of the 8th grade and followed up at the end of the 9th grade (n = 901). Four delinquency subgroups were identified for boys and for girls on both occasions, primarily characterized by well‐adjusted behaviour, minor delinquency, serious delinquency or violent delinquency. The findings indicated that most adolescents displaying a certain delinquency pattern in 8th grade displayed a similar delinquency pattern in 9th grade. However, boys and girls involved in minor delinquency, and boys involved in violent delinquency, were more likely than expected to develop serious delinquency over time, indicating a progression towards more serious and versatile delinquency. Delinquent adolescents were in general more disinhibited, less adjusted and conforming, and more aggressive than well‐adjusted adolescents, whereas boys in the serious delinquency subgroup and girls in the violent delinquency subgroup also were characterized by somatic anxiety. The findings support making a distinction between antisocial behaviour subgroups and indicate some personality traits associated with certain subgroups of delinquent adolescents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative urgency fully mediates the relationship between alexithymia and dysregulated behaviours
Authors: Fink Erin L. , Anestis Michael D. , Selby Edward A. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPrevious research documents a relationship between alexithymia and dysregulated behaviours, but fails to explore mechanisms that may account for this relationship. The current study sought to determine whether negative urgency would mediate the relationship between alexithymia and dysregulated behaviours. We hypothesized that positive relationships would exist among alexithymia, negative urgency and dysregulated behaviours. We also hypothesized that negative urgency would mediate the relationship between alexithymia and dysregulated behaviour. Results indicated that positive correlations exist between alexithymia, negative urgency and dysregulated behaviours. Additionally, our hypothesis that negative urgency would mediate the relationship between alexithymia and dysregulated behaviour was supported. The results suggest that negative urgency may be responsible for dysregulated behaviours that are observed in those who score high on alexithymia. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 2‐year follow‐up of mentalization‐oriented group therapy following day hospital treatment for patients with personality disorders
Authors: Petersen Brian , Toft John , Christensen Nils B , Foldager Leslie , Munk‐jørgensen Povl , Windfeld Mette , Frederiksen Christina Kjaer , Valbak Kristian 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective To analyse the effectiveness of mentalization‐oriented outpatient group therapy following 5‐month day hospital treatment.Methods Twenty‐two patients with personality disorders participated. All were consecutively referred and diagnosed according to standardized criteria and had completed a 5‐month long psychotherapeutic day hospital treatment. Intervention consisted of once a week mentalization‐oriented group therapy for up to 3 years. Outcome on acute symptoms included hospitalizations and suicide attempts, the more enduring social and interpersonal problems were assessed by standardized questionnaires regarding symptoms, interpersonal problems, social functioning and vocational status. Outcome measures were analysed within the framework of generalized estimating equations at the beginning and at the end of treatment, and at 2 years follow‐up.Results Average treatment length was 2 years. There was no dropout from treatment. Significant improvements were observed on the Symptom Checklist SCL‐90‐R, Personality Severity Index Score, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems‐Circumplex version, Clark's Personal and Social Adjustment Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning, hospitalizations and vocational status. At follow‐up, these results further improved significantly.Conclusion Long‐term mentalization‐oriented outpatient group therapy was associated with a reduction in both acute symptoms and the more long‐lasting social and interpersonal problems in this patient group. At follow‐up, results further improved, were paralleled by a level of hospitalizations which dropped to almost none, a marked decrease in the use of psychological treatment, and a clearly improved vocational status. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transannular additions of selectfluor and xenon difluoride: regioselectivity and mechanism
Authors: Serguchev Yurii A. , Ponomarenko Maxim V. , Lourie Lyudmila F. , Fokin Andrey A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe addition of 1‐chloromethyl‐4‐fluoro‐1,4‐diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis‐tetrafluoroborate (F‐TEDA) to unsaturated systems was modelled computationally at the ab initio levels and studied experimentally. The reaction of olefins with F‐TEDA is driven exclusively by charge transfer and displays the antibonding orbital picture in the transition structure for F‐transfer, similarly to that for the reactions of olefins with F‐radical. In contrast, the electrophilic and concerted fluorinations, respectively with H2O•••F+ complex and with F2, show strong bonding interactions between the fluorine and olefin moieties in the transition structures. The reaction with F‐TEDA involves an initial formation of highly delocalized charge‐transfer complexes in the first step with further low‐barrier (ca 4 kcal) migration of fluorine and is best described as an inner‐sphere electron transfer. This nonelectrophilic mechanism is operative for the transannular addition of F‐TEDA to 3‐methylene‐7‐ethylidenebicyclo[3.3.1]nonane studied experimentally. The addition mode is determined by the formation of a more stable complex via the ethylidene fragment and demonstrates selectivities that differ from conventional electrophilic additions. This mechanistic scenario may be extended to the fluorination with xenon difluoride where similar products are formed in high yields. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of branched pyrroline chromophores
Authors: Liu Jialei , Hou Wenjun , Feng Shuwen , Qiu Ling , Liu Xinhou , Zhen Zhen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNew tricyanopyrroline (TCP) chromophores with rigid–flexible dendron were prepared for second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) application. The chromophores were fully characterized using ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the chromophores had excellent thermal stability. Large λmax and high solvate chromic effects revealed that the chromophores had large second‐order optical nonlinearity. The electro‐optic coefficients (r33) were measured in the chromophores‐doped poly(bisphenol A carbonate) films at the fundamental wavelength of 1310 nm, and the highest γ33 achieved was 217 pmV−1. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The stability and reactivity of activated acryloylcarbamates as reagents for the synthesis of N‐1 substituted thymine and uracil – an NMR and DFT study
Authors: Pohl Radek , Rulíšek Lubomír , Rejman Dominik 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe mechanism of the decomposition of acryloylcarbamates 7a–b yielding highly reactive isocyanates 3a–b was proposed based on NMR measurements and quantum chemical calculations. A good agreement between the experimental kinetic data and DFT calculations allowed us to demonstrate that the stability of 7a–d depends on the presence of methyl in the acryloyl moiety and the position of the nitro group in the nitrophenolic part of the molecule. Furthermore, the reactivity of 7a–d with weakly nucleophilic and sterically hindered 2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylaniline was explored by 1H NMR demonstrating the usefulness of reagents 7a–d offering access to a variety of 1‐N‐substituted uracils and thymines with potentially interesting biological properties. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Substituent effects on the conformational stability of allyl fluorides
Authors: Qiu Yongge , Han Daxiong 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBy the B3P86/6‐311G(3d,2p) method, remote substituent effects on trans‐YCHCHCH2F were investigated by examining their conformational stabilities, molecular geometries, and stereoelectronic interactions in this paper. The cis conformer is favored for YH, Cl, Me, Vinyl, CF3, CN, CHO, and NO2, whereas the gauche is favored for YOMe, OH. A correlation of ΔH with the substituent constants σ+(Y) shows that the increasing electron‐withdrawing ability of the substituent Y increases the relative stability of the cis conformer. It was found that the substituent effect on the molecule stabilization energies (relative to CH2CHCH2F) is more significant in the gauche conformers than in the cis conformers. In agreement, molecular structures of the gauche conformers were also observed to vary more significantly with the substitution than those of the cis conformers. By the second‐order perturbation energy (E(2)) in NBO analysis, it was found that the total C2–C3 vicinal hyperconjugation is determinant in the enthalpy difference and consequently controls the conformational stability. Further analysis shows that the substituent effect on the C2–C3 vicinal hyperconjugations is much higher in the gauche conformers than in the cis conformers. The highly sensitive πCC→σ*CF interaction to the substitution in the gauche conformers, is the leading factor in variation of molecular stability and geometry. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catecholase and DNase activities of copper(II) complexes containing phenolate‐type ligands
Authors: Peralta Rosely A. , Bortoluzzi Adailton J. , Szpoganicz Bruno , Brandão Tiago A. S. , Castellano Eduardo E. , de Oliveira Mauricio Bof , Severino Patrícia C. , Terenzi Hernán , Neves Ademir 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThree new homodinuclear complexes containing substituted phenolate‐type ligands based on the N5O2 donor (2‐(N,N‐Bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl)‐6‐(N′,N′‐(2‐hydroxybenzyl)(2‐pyridylmethyl))aminomethyl)‐4‐methylphenol (H2L‐H) were synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Potentiometric titration studies in 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol show that all three complexes exhibit a common {CuII(µ‐phenoxo)(µ‐OH)CuII(OH)} core in solution. Kinetic studies on the oxidation reaction of 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol revealed that the catalytic activity of the metal complexes increases toward the ligand containing an electron‐donating group. In addition, these complexes also carried out DNA cleavage by hydrolytic and oxidative pathways. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of well‐defined and end‐polymerizable star‐shaped polysulfides and their application to negative photoresist
Authors: Hirata Mitsuhiro , Abe Yutaka , Ochiai Bungo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractVarious star‐shaped poly(phenoxy propylene sulfide)s (PPSs) bearing curable end groups were synthesized by the functionalization of the propagating ends of star‐shaped poly(PPS) with various electrophilies. The functionalization with chloromethyl styrene proceeded quantitatively, and afforded polymers with Mn almost agreed with theoretical value and narrow Mw/Mn. The photocuring conditions were optimized, and the addition of 10 wt % of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate was effective to attain sufficient crosslinking. The photocuring reaction of the end‐functionalized poly(PPS) films cast on silicon wafers was conducted by UV irradiation. The cured poly (PPS)s became insoluble in THF, supporting the sufficient crosslinking. Developing of a cured polymer yielded a negative photoresist pattern. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
“On–off” switching of dynamically controllable self‐assembly formation of double‐responsive block copolymers with tunable LCSTs
Authors: Kotsuchibashi Youhei , Ebara Mitsuhiro , Yamamoto Kazuya , Aoyagi Takao 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report here a reversible self‐assembly formation system using block copolymers with thermo‐tunable properties. A series of double‐responsive block copolymers, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm))‐block‐poly(NIPAAm‐co‐N‐(isobutoxymethyl)acrylamide (BMAAm)) with two lower critical solution temperatures were synthesized by one‐pot atom transfer radical polymerization via sequential monomer addition. When dissolved in aqueous solution at room temperature, the block copolymers remained unimeric. Upon heating above room temperature, the block copolymers self‐assembled into micellar structures. The micelle formation temperature and the resulting diameter were controlled by varying the BMAAm content. 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, dynamic light scattering, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectra revealed the presence of a monodisperse nanoassembly, and demonstrated the assembly formation/inversion process was fully reversible. Moreover, a model hydrophobic molecule, pyrene, was successfully loaded into the micelle core by including pyrene in the original polymer solution. Further heating resulted in mesoscopic micelle aggregation and precipitation. This dual micelle and aggregation system will find utility in drug delivery applications as a thermal trigger permits both aqueous loading of hydrophobic drugs and their subsequent release. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010