bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Oil Spill Response Management, Exercises and Drills Have Changed Since the Gulf of Mexico and the Lessons Learnt
Authors: Burton Sharon 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
After the Gulf of Mexico many oil industry companies are re-training their emergency response teams. The use of exercises and drills is an essential part of the team building that allows the response teams to deal with incidents. When establishing the team, table top exercises can be used to bind the group together and sort out strengths and weaknesses. Drills, where equipment and personnel are deployed are useful. Unplanned or no-notice exercises, point to areas for improvement as teams are put under more pressure. The use of external agencies, for example a national exercise, creates a more realistic scenario comparable to an actual spill, as the response teams would have to deal with a variety of stakeholders, but is this far enough?
In the United Kingdom, oil companies are legally required to test their spill Contingency Plans once a year and their full Emergency Response Team with the Secretary of State's Representative every 5 years. Since the Gulf of Mexico incident these companies have gone back to their plans and their emergency teams to re-evaluate. The focus has switched from what might happen to the very worst case scenario.
At Oil Spill Response we exercise weekly, planned table top exercises, no notice drills, sitting in response centres, full equipment deployments and site survey reports. The lessons learnt from the Gulf of Mexico have changed our own exercises and training to include more ICS, different response strategies and survey techniques.
This paper will focus on the use of best practice exercises, drills and spill management, lessons learnt from the Gulf of Mexico, and how to prepare oil spill response teams. It will attempt to prompt a more rigid structure for the training of response teams and try to ascertain the best method for each sector to create realism.
Preventing Disease in the Workforce
Authors: Robin Tauzin ND , Pachiyannakis Karim 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The leading causes of death are cancer, diabetes, and heart disease which are occurring at alarming rates in the UAE population. Our company's aim is to avoid these diseases by improving employee's health and encouraging them to practice prevention. We have achieved this goal by implementing an innovative approach to health through our flagship program the Health Monitoring Management System (HMMS).
The HMMS is designed to evaluate and classify the health of every employee, as well as promote wellness and disease prevention. Employees are then given a consultation with a holistic doctor to evaluate their health, diet, and lifestyle. Employees are educated about disease prevention and healthy lifestyles through mandatory trainings, publications, daily SMS, and health events. And finally, periodic medical evaluations are performed on employees to follow their progress throughout their employment.
Through our HMMS we have seen a 5% decrease in the number of employees who smoke, a 19% decrease in high triglycerides, a 40% decrease in high cholesterol, a 2% decrease in diabetes rates, and a 9% decrease in obesity rates. Since Implementation of the HMMS 8 years ago, the statistics demonstrate that our workforce is becoming healthier. The HMMS has extended its influence beyond our companies’ employees to reach families, clients, contractors, and visitors. Some of the initiatives include "Know Your Body" training, Health Week, Healthy Lifestyle coaching, cooking healthy, understanding food labels, sports, and exercise programs. The HMMS encompasses health from both a conventional and holistic point of view so as to ensure optimal health and wellbeing.
High Profile Visit, An Efficient Tool in Improving Drilling Safety
Authors: Boucif Mustapha Nasr-Eddine , Al Hammadi Adel 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
During the past two decades drilling safety had been improving on an exponential basis from reactive era to proactive era until 2006 where the drilling division achieved a world class HSE performance. A new strategy was adopted in 2008 after a slowdown in performance in 2007.
Investigation of our LTI for 2007 has shown a lack of commitment from the management on rig site and a lot of unsafe behaviour. As a result, all the training efforts were focused on these two strategic axes: Human behaviour and Management commitment on rig site; resulting in an outstanding performance in 2008.
This paper will show how HSE performance of ADCO drilling Division has improved from 1998 till today and explain the different steps went through and how finally reached one full year without LTI (from the 29th of September 2007 until 29th of September 2008). This result was due to top management strategic orientation, where on the 30th of September 2007 all the rigs were shut down for six hours and all the top Management team went on a high profile visit to all the rigs to their commitment to safety. Since then high profile visit is conducted on a weekly basis to maintain the awareness of the crews and was one of the key success to an outstanding performance for the year 2008 where the LTIF was 0.09; the lowest ever in ADCO Drilling history.
Addressing Work Execution through Integrated Technology Provides New Leading Indicators to Improve Operational Risk Management
Authors: Mackay Iain , Lehmann Scott 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Operational Risk Management is now a board level challenge for all companies in our industry. Recent tragic events strongly indicate a lack of awareness and understanding of the major process safety hazards and their risks by the frontline. This increases the potential for further process safety incidents. Furthermore, the lack of visibility of frontline cumulative risk and overall risk profiles is seriously impacting management efforts to fundamentally improve operational risk management and the efficiency and effectiveness of frontline operations.
To address these issues, a fundamental change in the way frontline operations are managed is needed. New processes are required that operationalize the safe work execution rules and establish structured processes to ensure that people are guided to the correct operational decisions that are appropriate to their conditions and context. Technology can be a significant enabler of business process in oil and gas industry as it has been for other industries.
Frontline operations have changed very little in the past 40 years making it difficult for frontline workers to consistently make the right decisions without the right tools. It is ironic that supermarket checkout operators have access to more technology than frontline technicians yet the consequences of each making mistakes bears no comparison.
The added benefit of deploying the right technology in frontline work execution is the access to real data that is generated as part of routine frontline work. This data can provide insight into how work is actually is done, how well it is planned and how well engaged the frontline is in process safety management. For the first time, management is able to have access to new leading indicators of both operational risk and work efficiency. Management can now exercise oversight and use the data to not only demonstrate compliance but build the foundation for continually improving operational performance.
Strong Reporting Culture as Stepping Stone to Continuously Drive Safety Performance Improvement
Authors: Stough Joe 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper will review the leading indicator research findings drawn from analyzing a large Energy industry data set. The source of research includes data sets and Safety business practices spanning operating sites in over 100 countries involving some global industry leading companies such as ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips, Shell, Total, OMV, and multiple others.
From the analytical research and careful review with industry Safety executives and Subject Matter Experts, it was clear that attaining a strong Reporting Culture is a critical milestone necessary to begin the process of proactively driving Safety performance. The factors that best predicted the Safety outcome performance of an organization included measurements of (a) proactive event reporting (Reporting Culture), (b) the discipline and consistency in execution of HSE processes, (c) the timeliness in closure of important corrective / preventive actions, and finally (d) the responsiveness and accountability of supervisors and line managers.
In each of these key areas, solid performance can be attributed to the tone set by leadership and the influential day-to-day behavior of field supervision and line management. So, we will explore how these leaders can be engaged to improve the above factors.
This paper will also review the measurable leading factors that have been found to be uniquely strong in organizations that have sustained top-level Safety lagging performance. We will review some examples of creative technology solutions to reach out to front-line workers and leaders to engage them directly in the reporting process.
Lastly we will discuss the affects of risk-aware, accountable leadership in each of the key leading areas. And finally, we will demonstrate a process for implementing practical, "actionable" leading metrics in each key area to drive line manager / leadership behavior and ultimately improve HSE performance outcomes.
Energy Reduction and Adding to the Triple Bottom Line
Authors: Brooke-Lander M. C. , Kuykendall D.. , Rowbottom R.. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The release of greenhouse gases from the generation and use of energy has been implicated in causing the negative effects of climate change on the planet. As a large, global corporation that uses substantial energy for its operations in the form of electricity, natural gas, propane, off-road diesel and fuel for transportation, Baker Hughes has committed to reduce our energy usage.
This paper details the efforts made by the enterprise to reduce the use of these resources, and to measure the success of our initiatives using a globally-accessible database called "GreenLink". Energy reduction initiatives include the enterprise-wide communication of our reduction goal, the use of energy audits to identify reduction opportunities, and the development and implementation of green building standards applied to new and existing facilities. Our Information Technology (IT) group has also made significant reductions in energy use throughout our facilities and in our data centers by the introduction of energy efficient equipment and energy-saving management practices.
In addition to the environmental benefits, energy conservation has an economic benefit, contributing to a healthy bottom line by reducing operating costs. In 2010, the overall energy cost savings for Baker Hughes, when normalized to revenue, was about $3 million for the facilities reporting in GreenLink. In addition to this cost saving, Baker Hughes has achieved a number of accolades for our energy reduction programs. In 2010, Baker Hughes led in the Energy sector of the Maplecroft Climate Innovation Index investor rankings. Also, in 2011, Baker Hughes was the highest-ranked oilfield service company in the Energy sector of the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) which evaluates U.S. companies listed on the S&P 500 on their actions taken to reduce global emissions.
Keeping The Oil In The Pipeline
Authors: Hashi Ahmed , Al Shehhi Saif 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
ADMA-OPCO has over 1600Km of Subsea pipelines (Transmission & flow lines) and these lines are exposed to corrosion in subsea environment whereas some of these are aging assets (+35yrs).
In the event of subsea pipeline oil leak due to corrosion drive defects or damages, the old method of pipeline repair was Hyperbaric welding, which took a minimum of 2~3 months mobilization to site to repair the damage.
Integrity Division/Subsea Team has deployed innovative and effective new Subsea repair techniques that rapidly respond to subsea oil leaks and reduce the exposure of the pipeline leaking and ensure quick return of pipeline back to service within days.
The new repair techniques have been discovered to have significant HSE (environmental protection) benefits and cost advantages.
Lessons Learned from Real World Application of the Bow-tie Method
Authors: Book Gareth 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The benefits of using bow-tie diagrams for risk management have been realized by organizations world-wide across a variety of business sectors. Also known as barrier diagrams, they provide a readily understandable visualization of the relationships between the causes of business upsets, the escalation of such events to a range of possible outcomes, the controls preventing the event from occurring and the preparedness measures in place to limit the consequences.
More importantly, the preventive and mitigating measures are linked to tasks, procedures, responsible individuals and competencies. This demonstrates the crucial connection between risk controls (whether hardware or human intervention) and the management system for assuring their ongoing effectiveness.
This paper draws on Risktec's unparalleled experience in applying the bow-tie methodology and is intended to be of interest to those who are new to the technique and experienced users alike. It summarizes the history of the bow-tie method, gives an overview of how to apply it and describes in detail its practical uses and benefits as well as potential pitfalls and guidelines for success.
Evaluation Methods for the Assessment of Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Inserted Central Lines: Evidence-Based Strategies for Practice
Authors: Wilbeck Jennifer , Murphy Marguerite , Heath Janie , Thomson-Smith Clare 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground: Assessing acute care nurse practitioners' (ACNPs) procedural competence for central line insertions encourages best patient outcomes and meets requirements of national credentialing bodies. Implementation of processes to effectively evaluate procedural competence is complicated by the lack of validated, evidenced-based metrics to evaluate ACNP practices.Purpose: This article identifies validated, evidenced-based metrics to effectively evaluate ACNP procedural competencies.Methodology: A two-part literature review was performed to 1) determine competency evaluation methods for ACNP skills and to 2) evaluate the use of templates/checklists as a means to encourage compliance with national, evidence-based guidelines. Due to the lack of literature on the use of evaluation tools to assess ACNP procedural competency, literature related to medical training programs and practices was reviewed.Review of Literature: Fifteen articles were identified that met review criteria related to procedural competency evaluation. Eleven methods for competency evaluation were commonly identified in the literature; however, conclusive evidence indentifying the most effective means of procedural competency evaluation was not found. Seven studies and one expert consensus were identified related to use of standardized forms and templates/checklists to improve national guideline compliance. All studies indicated the use of standardized documentation significantly increased compliance with national guidelines.
Delayed fluorescence imaging of photosynthesis inhibitor and heavy metal induced stress in potato
Authors: Razinger Jaka , Drinovec Luka , Berden-Zrimec Maja 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Early chemical-induced stress in Solanum tuberosum leaves was visualized using delayed fluorescence (DF) imaging. The ability to detect spatially heterogeneous responses of plant leaves exposed to several toxicants using delayed fluorescence was compared to prompt fluorescence (PF) imaging and the standard maximum fluorescence yield of PSII measurements (Fv/Fm). The toxicants used in the study were two photosynthesis inhibitors (herbicides), 100 µM methyl viologen (MV) and 140 µM diuron (DCMU), and two heavy metals, 100 µM cadmium and 100 µM copper. The exposure times were 5 and 72 h. Significant photosynthesis-inhibitor effects were already visualized after 5 h. In addition, a significant reduction in the DF/PF index was measured in DCMU- and MV-treated leaves after 5 h. In contrast, only DCMU-treated leaves exhibited a significant decrease in Fv/Fm after 5 h. All treatments resulted in a significant decrease in the DF/PF parameter after 72 h of exposure, when only MV and Cd treatment resulted in visible symptoms. Our study highlights the power of delayed fluorescence imaging. Abundant quantifiable spatial information was obtained with the instrumental setup. Delayed fluorescence imaging has been confirmed as a very responsive and useful technique for detecting stress induced by photosynthesis inhibitors or heavy metals.
Comparison of Orally Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Allergic versus Nonallergic Rhinitis
Authors: Kalpakliogluz A. Fusun , Kalkan Ilkay K. 
Published: April 2012

Background Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a well-known marker of airway inflammation, is rarely evaluated in rhinitis of different etiology. We aimed to compare the eNO levels in allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) with/without asthma, as well as the contributing factors that interfere with elevated FeNO. Methods Patients were enrolled based on chronic nasal symptoms. Orally exhaled NO was measured with the single exhalation method at 50 mL/s. All subjects underwent a panel of tests: skin-prick tests, asthma control test, blood sampling, spirometry, and health-related quality-of-life questionnaires. Results The study group consisted of mainly women (130 women/41 men), with a mean age of 32.6 ± 13.2 years. AR was diagnosed in 122 (78.2%), NAR in 34 (21.8%), and 15 subjects were healthy controls. FeNO was insignificantly higher in patients with AR compared with patients with NAR and controls (32.2 parts per billion [ppb] versus 27 and 19.4 ppb), with no difference between genders. NAR + asthma had higher FeNO than those without asthma (40.5 ppb versus 14.9 ppb; p < 0.03), whereas accompanying asthma did not affect FeNO levels in the AR group. AR ± asthma had significantly higher FeNO levels than the NAR-only group (p < 0.01). Among AR + asthma, perennial sensitization caused higher FeNO levels than did seasonal allergens (48.5 ± 33.9 and 19.5 ± 13.6′ p = 0.003), whereas FeNO was significantly higher during the allergen season. Nasally inhaled corticosteroids insignificantly reduced FeNO levels in all groups. Severity and seasonality of rhinitis, asthma, and ocular symptoms, but not gender, age, body mass index, Total IgE, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and smoking, were associated with FeNO. Conclusion Rhinitis and comorbid asthma are responsible for increased FeNO, irrespective of atopy. However, NAR without asthma may not be considered as a strong risk factor for airway inflammation.
Inflammatory Cell Patterns in the Nasal Mucosa of Patients with Idiopathic Rhinitis
Authors: Çomoğlu Şenol , Keles Nesil , Değer Kemal 
Published: April 2012

Background Nonallergic rhinitis comprises many subgroups of rhinitis (vasomotor rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome, occupational rhinitis, idiopathic rhinitis, etc. in which its main feature is known to be free of allergy. We evaluate the cellular infiltrate of subjects with idiopathic rhinitis and compare them with allergic and control counterparts for detecting underlying pathophysiology. Methods Subjects selected from patients admitted to Istanbul University Medical Faculty between 2006 and 2009 were classified into idiopathic rhinitis (n = 16; mean age, 26.5 years), allergic rhinitis (n = 17; mean age, 31.1 years), and the control (n = 25, mean age, 28.8 years) groups. Inferior turbinate specimens were collected using Gerritsma forceps. Skin-prick testing was performed. Immunohistochemical detection was performed using B7 (chymase, clone CC1) and G3 (tryptase, clone AA1) primary antibodies for mast cells, human eosinophil major basic protein (clone BMK-13) for eosinophils, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) Ab-1 for mast and plasma cells in epithelium, superficial, and deep submucosa. Results We found significantly higher levels of mast cells within the different sites of nasal mucosa of allergic and idiopathic subjects compared with normal mucosa (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant increase was observed in IgE+ cells of the patients with allergic and idiopathic rhinitis compared with the controls (p < 0.05 for each) Eosinophils were significantly increased within the epithelium of allergic patients’ mucosa. Conclusion We seem to have supportive data about possible mechanisms of “idiopathic rhinitis” that suggests local allergic inflammation. The study results provided important information for further provocation and immunohistochemical studies analyzing the shared mechanism of allergic and idiopathic rhinitis.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Race, and Ethnicity
Authors: Soler Zachary M. , Mace Jess C. , Litvack Jamie R. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: April 2012

Background Little is known regarding the epidemiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. This study was designed to comprehensively evaluate the current prevalence of CRS across various treatment settings to identify possible disparities in health care access and use between racial and ethnic populations. Methods The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) database registries were extracted to identify the national prevalence of CRS in race/ethnic populations and resource use in ambulatory care settings. Systematic literature review identified studies reporting treatment outcomes in minority patients electing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Data were supplemented using a multi-institutional cohort of patients undergoing surgical treatment. Results National survey data suggest CRS is a significant health condition for all major race/ethnic groups in the United States, accounting for a sizable portion of office, emergency, and outpatient visits. Differences in insurance status, work absenteeism, and resource use were found between race/ethnic groups. Despite its prevalence, few published studies include information regarding minority patients with CRS. Most (90%) cohort studies did not provide details of race/ethnicity for ESS outcomes. Prospective cohort analysis indicated that minority surgical patients accounted for only 18%, when compared with national census estimates (35%). Conclusion CRS is an important health condition for all major race/ethnic groups in the United States. Significant differences may exist across racial and ethnic categories with regard to CRS health status and health care use. Given current demographic shifts in the United States, specific attention should be given to understanding CRS within the context of racial and ethnic populations. Public clinical trial registration ( www.clinicaltrials.gov ) I.D. No. NCT00799097.