bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial: the incidence of NSAID‐associated endoscopic gastric ulcers in patients treated with PN 400 (naproxen plus esomeprazole magnesium) vs. enteric‐coated naproxen alone
Authors: Goldstein J. L. , Hochberg M. C. , Fort J. G. , Zhang Y. , Hwang C. , Sostek M. 
Published: May 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 401–413SummaryBackground  Gastroprotective co‐therapy may reduce the risk of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID)‐associated gastric ulcers, but adherence is suboptimal.Aim  To compare the incidence of gastric ulcers with PN 400 [enteric‐coated (EC) naproxen 500 mg and immediate‐release esomeprazole 20 mg], or EC naproxen.Methods  Two randomized, double‐blind, multicentre studies (PN400‐301, PN400‐302). Patients [stratified by low‐dose aspirin (≤325 mg) use] aged ≥50 years or 18–49 years with a history of ulcer, received PN 400 BID (301, n = 218; 302, n = 210) or EC naproxen 500 mg BID (301, n = 216; 302, n = 210) for 6 months. The primary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of endoscopic gastric ulcers.Results  The cumulative incidence of gastric ulcers was significantly lower with PN 400 vs. EC naproxen (301: 4.1% vs. 23.1%, P < 0.001; 302: 7.1% vs. 24.3%, P < 0.001). PN 400 was associated with a lower combined incidence of gastric ulcers vs. EC naproxen in low‐dose aspirin users (n = 201) (3.0% vs. 28.4%, P < 0.001) and non‐users (n = 653) (6.4% vs. 22.2%, P < 0.001). The incidence of, and discontinuations due to, upper gastrointestinal (UGI) AEs was significantly lower with PN 400 relative to EC naproxen (P < 0.01, both studies).Conclusions  PN 400 significantly reduces the incidence of gastric ulcers, regardless of low‐dose aspirin use, in at‐risk patients, and is associated with improved UGI tolerability relative to EC naproxen (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00527782).
The use of cone beam computed tomography in the conservative management of dens invaginatus: a case report
Authors: Patel S. 
Published: May 2010

Patel S. The use of cone beam computed tomography in the conservative management of dens invaginatus: a case report. International Endodontic Journal.AbstractAim  To report the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the assessment of dens invaginatus.Summary  Chronic periradicular periodontitis associated with an infected invagination was diagnosed in an immature mandibular lateral incisor tooth. A CBCT scan revealed essential information for the management of the tooth. There was no communication between the invagination and the main root canal. Endodontic treatment was carried out on the invagination. The root canal with a vital pulp was left untreated, thus allowing the tooth to mature and continue to develop.Key learning points

The true nature of dens invaginatus cannot always be estimated from conventional radiographs.
Cone beam computed tomography is a useful diagnostic tool in the management of dens invaginatus.
The effect of roasting on the nutritional and antioxidant properties of yellow and white maize varieties
Authors: Oboh Ganiyu , Ademiluyi Adedayo O. , Akindahunsi Afolabi A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMaize varieties (yellow and white) were roasted for 17 min; and allowed to cool, and later milled into powder. The nutritional evaluation (proximate composition, mineral and antinutrient content determination) and antioxidant properties investigation (reducing power, free radicals scavenging ability and Fe2+ chelating ability) of the product was subsequently carried out. The result of the study revealed that roasting caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the crude fat, carbohydrate, Ca, Na, Mg and Zn content. Conversely, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in crude protein, crude fibre, Fe and K content. A significant decrease in the phytate content was also observed. However, the reduced phytate content did not have sparing effect on Zn bioavailability. Roasting significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the extractible phenol and flavonoid content of the maize varieties. The antioxidant properties (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydracyl free radical scavenging ability and Fe2+ chelating ability) followed the phenolic content pattern. However, roasting caused a significant increase in the ferric reducing antioxidant power of the maize varieties. Thus, roasting reduced the protein content of maize but also increased the energy value and antioxidant capacity as exemplified by high reducing power.
Analyses of PRMT1 proteins in human colon tissues from Hirschsprung disease patients
Authors: Wu T.‐t. , Tsai T.‐w. , Shen Y.‐t. , Hsu J.‐d. , Yang L.‐c. , Li C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground  Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) catalyzes the majority of arginine methylation in cells and plays important roles in the differentiation and development of neurons. It is also implicated in the regulation of nitric oxide synthetase (NOS). Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is characterized by the absence of intramural ganglion cells in the nerve plexuses of the distal gut.Methods  Western blot analyses revealed reduced PRMT1 protein levels in the aganglionosis segments of HSCR patients. Immunohistochemistry detected PRMT1 expression in the colonic mucosa, the enteric nervous system (ENS) and endothelial cells. Specific and strong PRMT1 expression in neuron cell bodies of the plexus was demonstrated by immunofluorescent double‐labeling with neuron‐specific marker HuC/D.Key Results  In the mucosa, PRMT1 was detected at all crypt cells. Intensive PRMT1 staining was detected in the submucosal and the myenteric plexuses in normal or oligoganglionosis segments. Aganglionosis segments from HSCR patients contain no plexuses, and thus not labeled with PRMT1. The phenomenon is specific to the megacolon of HSCR as strong PRMT1 staining was observed in plexuses of the rectal ectasia segments (dilated rectum and distal sigmoid not related with aganglionosis) from anorectal malformation patients. Furthermore, PRMT1 was also present in the same neuronal cells expressing neuronal NOS in the plexuses.Conclusions & Inferences  We suggest that PRMT1 can be a useful marker for HSCR. This study is the first illustration of PRMT1 protein expression in human tissues from non‐cancerous disease and set up the base for further investigations of PRMT1 function in ENS development and intestinal motility.
Gentamicin‐attenuated Leishmania infantum: cellular immunity production and protection of dogs against experimental canine leishmaniasis
Authors: DANESHVAR H. , MOLAEI M. M. , KAMIABI H. , BURCHMORE R. , HAGAN P. , STEPHEN PHILLIPS R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn attenuated line of Leishmania infantum (L. infantum H‐line) has been established by culturing promastigotes in vitro under gentamicin pressure. Here, we show that L. infantum H‐line induced significantly higher levels of IFN‐γ and lower levels of IL‐10 compared with those in dogs infected with L. infantum wild type (WT). Anti‐Leishmania‐specific total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2 antibodies were present in the serum of all infected dogs, with levels of IgG2 subclass highest in the sera of dogs inoculated with L. infantum H‐line. Relatively high levels of IgG1 were found in the sera of dogs infected with L. infantum WT. Six of seven dogs immunized intradermally (i.d.) with the attenuated line later showed a positive skin test to leishmanin, whereas the dogs infected with L. infantum WT did not. No clinical abnormalities were observed, and no parasites found in the visceral organs of the dogs inoculated intravenously (i.v.) with L. infantum H‐line over 24 months post‐inoculation. Dogs which had been immunized with L. infantum H‐line i.d. 12 months previously were protected against challenge with L. infantum WT. These data suggest that the L. infantum H‐line was safe and induced a protection which is correlated with cellular immunity in dogs.
Information and decision support needs of parents considering amniocentesis: interviews with pregnant women and health professionals
Authors: Durand Marie‐Anne , Stiel Mareike , Boivin Jacky , Elwyn Glyn 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective  Our aim was to clarify and categorize information and decision support needs of pregnant women deciding about amniocentesis.Background  Prenatal screening for Down’s syndrome (implemented in routine practice) generates a quantifiable risk of chromosome abnormality. To increase certainty, chromosomal material needs to be obtained through amniocentesis or other diagnostic test. Amniocentesis carries risks of pregnancy loss.Methods  Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with health professionals and pregnant women who had considered amniocentesis. The data were qualitatively analysed using a two‐step thematic content analysis.Results  A sample of 17 health professionals and 17 pregnant women were interviewed. Professionals demonstrated little consensus regarding the miscarriage rate, the potential consequences of amniocentesis testing and the uncertainty associated with the tests. Furthermore, methods employed to communicate risks varied between professionals. Pregnant women reported heightened stress and anxiety. Twelve out of 17 women described the decision as complex and difficult to make while five participants were satisfied with the information and support provided. Women would have liked more information about the risks involved, the results, the consequences of an amniocentesis and associated emotional difficulties. Women highlighted the need for personalized information, presented in multiple ways, while remaining simple and unbiased.Conclusions  There is variation in the provision of information related to amniocentesis testing. The majority of pregnant women reported difficulties making a decision and identified dimensions of information and decision support where improvements were needed.
‘What difference does it make?’ Finding evidence of the impact of mental health service user researchers on research into the experiences of detained psychiatric patients
Authors: Gillard Steven , Borschmann Rohan , Turner Kati , Goodrich‐Purnell Norman , Lovell Kathleen , Chambers Mary 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground  Interest in the involvement of members of the public in health services research is increasingly focussed on evaluation of the impact of involvement on the research process and the production of knowledge about health. Service user involvement in mental health research is well‐established, yet empirical studies into the impact of involvement are lacking.Objective  To investigate the potential to provide empirical evidence of the impact of service user researchers (SURs) on the research process.Design  The study uses a range of secondary analyses of interview transcripts from a qualitative study of the experiences of psychiatric patients detained under the Mental Health Act (1983) to compare the way in which SURs and conventional university researchers (URs) conduct and analyse qualitative interviews.Results  Analyses indicated some differences in the ways in which service user‐ and conventional URs conducted qualitative interviews. SURs were much more likely to code (analyse) interview transcripts in terms of interviewees’ experiences and feelings, while conventional URs coded the same transcripts largely in terms of processes and procedures related to detention. The limitations of a secondary analysis based on small numbers of researchers are identified and discussed.Conclusions  The study demonstrates the potential to develop a methodologically robust approach to evaluate empirically the impact of SURs on research process and findings, and is indicative of the potential benefits of collaborative research for informing evidence‐based practice in mental health services.
Do children with Adams‐Oliver syndrome require endocrine follow‐up? New information on the phenotype and management
Authors: Kalina MA , Kalina‐Faska B , Paprocka J , Jamroz E , Pyrkosz A , Marszał E , Małecka‐Tendera E 
Published: May 2010

Kalina MA, Kalina‐Faska B, Paprocka J, Jamroz E, Pyrkosz A, Marszał E, Małecka‐Tendera E. Do children with Adams‐Oliver syndrome require endocrine follow‐up? New information on the phenotype and management.Adams‐Oliver syndrome (AOS) is a rare genetic condition in which the main diagnostic criteria are terminal transverse limb defects and aplasia cutis congenita. Within the spectra of the clinical phenotype of AOS, anthropometric abnormalities have also been reported. We present growth pattern along with hormonal assays in three patients with AOS, one being treated with growth hormone (GH). In Patient 1 (a boy, age 1.9 years), with delayed psychomotor development, epilepsy, deficits of body mass and height, cryptorchidism, low insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) levels were found and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed hypoplasia of midline structures of the central nervous system (CNS). In Patient 2 (a girl, age 3.6 years) no significant abnormalities in development, body mass, height or neuroimaging were found. In Patient 3 (a girl, age 8.2 years), with delayed psychomotor development and short stature, low IGF‐1 levels and partial GH deficiency were found; MRI revealed small pituitary and polymicrogyria. The girl started GH treatment, improving height velocity and gross coordination. Based on these observations, it seems that intensity of auxologic and hormonal deficits in children with AOS is associated with CNS lesions. Hence, there are indications for neuroimaging and interdisciplinary follow‐up of psychomotor development, growth and puberty in this subset of patients with AOS.
High frequency and allele‐specific differences of BRCA1 founder mutations in breast cancer and ovarian cancer patients from Belarus
Authors: Bogdanova NV , Antonenkova NN , Rogov YI , Karstens JH , Hillemanns P , Dörk T 
Published: May 2010

Bogdanova NV, Antonenkova NN, Rogov YI, Karstens JH, Hillemanns P, Dörk T. High frequency and allele‐specific differences of BRCA1 founder mutations in breast cancer and ovarian cancer patients from Belarus.Breast cancer and ovarian cancer are common malignancies in Belarus accounting for about 3500 and 800 new cases per year, respectively. For breast cancer, the rates and age of onset appear to vary significantly in regions differentially affected by the Chernobyl accident. We assessed the frequency and distribution of three BRCA1 founder mutations 5382insC, 4153delA and Cys61Gly in two hospital‐based series of 1945 unselected breast cancer patients and of 201 unselected ovarian cancer patients from Belarus as well as in 1019 healthy control females from the same population. Any of these mutations were identified in 4.4% of the breast cancer patients, 26.4% of the ovarian cancer patients and 0.5% of the controls. In the breast cancer patients, BRCA1 mutations were strongly associated with earlier age at diagnosis, with oestrogen receptor (ER) negative tumours and with a first‐degree family history of breast cancer, although only 35% of the identified BRCA1 mutation carriers had such a family history. There were no marked differences in the regional distribution of BRCA1 mutations, so that the significant differences in age at diagnosis and family history of breast cancer patients from areas afflicted by the Chernobyl accident could not be explained by BRCA1. We next observed a higher impact and a shifted mutational spectrum of BRCA1 in the series of Byelorussian ovarian cancer patients where the three founder mutations accounted for 26.4% (53/201). While the Cys61Gly mutation appeared underrepresented in ovarian cancer as compared with breast cancer cases from the same population (p = 0.01), the 4153delA mutation made a higher contribution to ovarian cancer than to breast cancer (p < 0.01). BRCA1 mutations were significantly enriched among ovarian cancer cases with a first‐degree family history of breast or ovarian cancer, whereas the median age at ovarian cancer diagnosis was not different between mutation carriers and non‐carriers. Taken together, these results identify three BRCA1 founder mutations as key components of inherited breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility in Belarus and might have implications for cancer prevention, treatment and genetic counselling in this population.
Revealing the human mutome
Authors: Chen JM , Férec C , Cooper DN 
Published: May 2010

Chen JM, Férec C, Cooper DN. Revealing the human mutome.The number of known mutations in human nuclear genes, underlying or associated with human inherited disease, has now exceeded 100,000 in more than 3700 different genes (Human Gene Mutation Database). However, for a variety of reasons, this figure is likely to represent only a small proportion of the clinically relevant genetic variants that remain to be identified in the human genome (the ‘mutome’). With the advent of next‐generation sequencing, we are currently witnessing a revolution in medical genetics. In particular, whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) has the potential to identify all disease‐causing or disease‐associated DNA variants in a given individual. Here, we use examples of recent advances in our understanding of mutational/pathogenic mechanisms to guide our thinking about possible locations outwith gene‐coding sequences for those disease‐causing or disease‐associated variants that are likely so often to have been overlooked because of the inadequacy of current mutation screening protocols. Such considerations are important not only for improving mutation‐screening strategies but also for enhancing the interpretation of findings derived from genome‐wide association studies, whole‐exome sequencing and WGS. An improved understanding of the human mutome will not only lead to the development of improved diagnostic testing procedures but should also improve our understanding of human genome biology.
Males Prefer Small Females in a Dichotomous Choice Test in the Poeciliid Fish Heterandria formosa
Authors: Ala‐Honkola Outi , Säilä Laura , Lindström Kai 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMale choice is expected to evolve when females differ in quality, even if male investment in each mating is low. The family Poeciliidae is an example of fishes in which males show little parental investment as they only provide sperm. Up until now, a preference for large females has been found in all species studied. Here we show that unexpectedly, males of the least killifish (Heterandria formosa) prefer to interact with small instead of large females in a dichotomous male choice test, even though large females are more fecund. During a free‐swimming choice experiment, males did not discriminate between females based on their size. We suggest that this unique preference for small females, or the lack of preference for large females, results from strong first male sperm precedence in this species. Smaller females are younger and therefore more likely to be virgin, which probably makes them more profitable mates for males. When presented with a virgin and a mated female of similar size, males showed no preference for either type. This suggests that males do not use pheromone cues to assess female mating status but that they are likely to use female size as a proxy for it.
Development, mapping and transferability of Fragaria EST‐SSRs within the Rosodae supertribe
Authors: Rousseau‐Gueutin M. , Richard L. , Le Dantec L. , Caron H. , Denoyes‐Rothan B. 
Published: May 2010

With 1 figure and 3 tables AbstractThe Rosodae supertribe is composed of economically important species (strawberry, rose and raspberry). In order to extend the repertoire of markers for optimizing genetic mapping and synteny within this supertribe, we developed 20 functional markers from two Fragaria cDNA libraries enriched in AG/AC microsatellite motifs. We tested their transferability within the Rosodae supertribe, including two reference diploid and octoploid strawberry segregating populations. Out of these 20 functional markers, 70% revealed polymorphism in both diploid and octoploid Fragaria segregating populations and were mapped on the diploid genetic map to provide useful information for further marker‐assisted selection. These 20 EST‐SSRs were also tested in 17 wild Fragaria species and displayed a high cross‐species transferability (mean of 95%), providing new markers for further diversity studies within the genus. These markers were also transferable to the phylogenetically close Potentilla genus, whereas their transferability was lower for the polyploid Duchesnea indica species and for the more distant Rosa genus. Their use for genetic mapping within the Rosodae will further permit a comparison of genetic information among the different genera.
Celecoxib, but not rofecoxib or naproxen, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis induced in vitro by angiotensin and aldosterone
Authors: Wang Bing H , Bertucci Micka C , Ma Jian Yang , Adrahtas Anastasia , Cheung Raymond Y , Krum Henry 
Published: May 2010

Summary1. Cyclo‐oxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitors and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been implicated in increased cardiovascular events. However, the direct effects of these drugs on cardiac function have not been explored extensively. Given the important role of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) in cardiac remodelling, we sought to determine the effect of COX‐2 inhibitors and non‐specific (NS‐) NSAIDs on RAAS‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NCM) and fibroblasts (NCF) isolated from 1–2‐day‐old Sprague‐Dawley rat pups.2. The NCM were pretreated for 2 h with COX‐2 inhibitors (celecoxib or rofecoxib) or NS‐NSAIDs (naproxen; all at 0.1–10 μmol/L) before being stimulated with 10 μmol/L aldosterone for 72 h or with 0.1 μmol/L angiotensin (Ang) II for 60 h. Hypertrophy of NCM was assessed by [3H]‐leucine incorporation.3. The NCF were pretreated with COX‐2 inhibitors or naproxen as described for NCM before being stimulated with 0.1 μmol/L AngII for 48 h. Collagen synthesis was subsequently assayed by [3H]‐proline incorporation.4. Pooled cryopreserved male and female rat hepatocytes were treated with or without COX‐2 inhibitors for 1 h before 1 nmol/L aldosterone (∼540 pg/mL) was added to all wells. Cells were incubated for a further 60 min and culture media harvested by centrifugation. Human hepatic HepG2 cells were treated with compounds with or without serum starvation for 48 h. All cells were pretreated with COX‐2 inhibitors for 2 h before the addition of aldosterone. Cell culture media were harvested after a further 3, 18, 24 or 48 h incubation. Aldosterone concentrations in the culture media were determined by enzyme immunoassay.5. Aldosterone‐ and AngII‐stimulated NCM hypertrophy was inhibited by celecoxib, but not by rofecoxib or naproxen. In NCF, AngII‐stimulated collagen synthesis was inhibited by celecoxib and, to a lesser extent, by rofecoxib, whereas naproxen had no effect. The COX‐2 inhibitors inhibited aldosterone uptake and/or metabolism by rat hepatocytes, but had no effect in human hepatic HepG2 cells.6. These results demonstrate a potential antiremodelling effect of selective COX‐2 inhibitors in the setting of RAAS stimulation in cardiac cells, whereas naproxen has no effect.