bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment of acne inversa (hidradenitis suppurativa): a 20‐year experience
Authors: Hartschuh Wolfgang 
Published: August 2010

Acne inversa (AI) is caused by follicular hyperkeratosis in intertriginous areas rich in apocrine glands followed by occlusion and rupture of the follicle and inflammation. Sinus tracts, scarring and often contraction with limitation in mobility may occur. There is a world‐wide consensus that in chronic disease surgical removal of all involved tissue as early as possible is the most effective treatment modality. The aim of this study is to demonstrate our operative strategy, including postoperative wound care and prevention, the results and pitfalls in the treatment of AI.The operations are increasingly performed in tumescence anaesthesia, followed by secondary healing. Only removal of extended skin areas in the inguino‐genital and ano‐perineal regions demand general anaesthesia. In axillary regions, all hair‐bearing skin including the sweat glands is removed to obtain a hair‐free, dry skin area. In the other regions with ill‐defined hair and apocrine gland areas, only involved indurated skin is excised. For early limited disease with fluctuant abscesses, unroofing instead of mere incision and drainage is a good first option. Professional wound care with shaving and stretching of the wound margins is very important to avoid premature wound closure. Locally applied disinfectant soaps and 2% triclosane ointments are effective in pre‐ and postoperative skin care.Follow‐up evaluation and collaboration among surgeons and dermatologists and an improved insight in the pathogenesis of AI are mandatory for the successful long‐term management of patients afflicted with this complex and debilitating disease.
Infliximab for hidradenitis suppurativa: report of seven consecutive patients
Authors: Dupuy Alain , Fardet Laurence , Kerob Delphine , Levy Annabelle , Bachelez Hervé , Morel Patrice , Lebbe Celeste 
Published: August 2010

Purpose: To evaluate all consecutive patients treated with infliximab for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Patients and methods: Within 1 year, all consecutive patients seen in our department for HS (1) resistant to usual medical therapies (2) which could not be easily cured by surgery (3) not treated with new medication within 2 months before inclusion were treated intravenously with infliximab (5 mg/kg) without corticosteroids premedication. Four infusions were planned (week 0, week 2, week 6 and week 10) before the interruption of therapy and follow‐up. Clinical activity of HS and quality of life of the patients were assessed immediately before the first, the third and the fourth infusions of infliximab. Results: Seven patients were included. Five completed the four infusions. Two patients received only three infusions because of severe side effects. The Sartorius score moderately improved with infliximab (mean score at week 0: 94 ± 39, at week 6: 71 ± 38 and at week 10: 83 ± 48). At week 6, patients judged the efficacy of therapy as marked (n = 1), moderate (n = 4) or null (n = 2). At week 10, five patients were evaluated and judged this efficacy as marked (n = 2), moderate (n = 2) or null (n = 1). The mean Skindex‐29 score varied from 22 ± 11 (E: 25 ± 9, S: 13 ± 5, F: 28 ± 12) at week 0 to 18 ± 10 (E: 22 ± 8, S: 12 ± 8, F: 22 ± 12) at week 10. Conclusion: The efficacy of infliximab in severe HS is partial. More experience is needed before finding a place for infliximab in the therapeutic armamentarium for HS.
Case of dystrophic calcinosis cutis in epidermal cyst arising from verrucous epidermal nevus
Authors: LEE Ji Hyun , PARK Hyun Jeong , LEE Jun Young , CHO Baik Kee 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTDystrophic calcinosis cutis is diagnosed when calcium is deposited into previously damaged tissue by connective tissue disease, panniculitis, pseudoxanthoma elasticum or trauma. We report a case of dystrophic calcinosis cutis arising from the lesion of an epidermal cyst on the verrucous epidermal nevus. A 20‐year‐old woman presented with a polypoid pinkish tumor on a brownish, verrucous plaque. Histopathological findings of the pinkish tumor showed calcium deposits as amorphous, basophilic material lining the true epidermis in the upper dermis, which were compatible with dystrophic calcinosis cutis and the plaque was diagnosed as a verrucous epidermal nevus.
Comparison on plasma caesium kinetics in goats and horses with special emphasis on exercising horses
Authors: Kaikkonen M. , Hyyppä S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAims:  Like potassium (K+), caesium (Cs+) tends to concentrate intracellularly. The aim here was to determine how moderate exercise affects the uptake of Cs+ from blood plasma.Methods:  After an intravenous Cs+ dose of 5 μmol kg−1, plasma Cs+ concentration was followed for 100 min in goats and for 60 min in horses. The latter were divided into two groups, one resting and the other trotting on a treadmill (inclination 3°, speed 5 m s−1).Results:  The plasma Cs+ concentration follows a multiphase exponential decay curve, which initially could be approximated with a two‐phase curve. The initially high rate constant (∼10 h−1) decreased to around 1 h−1 in 40 min. Exercise more than doubled the rate of removal of Cs+ from plasma between 20 and 40 min after the start of exercise. After exercise, the rate returned to resting levels within 10 min. Plasma K+, on the contrary, declined for at least 20 min after exercise had ended.Conclusions:  Moderate exercise significantly increases the rate of removal of Cs+ from the bloodstream. After exercise, the rate returns to the resting levels within 10 min. The increased rate of Cs+ removal during exercise is likely due to increased activity of Na+, K+‐ATPase in working skeletal muscles.
Neuromuscular function during prolonged pedalling exercise at different cadences
Authors: Sarre G. , Lepers R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:  The purpose of the present work was to assess the strategies set by the central nervous system in order to provide the power output required throughout a prolonged (1‐h) pedalling exercise performed at different cadences (50 rpm, 110 rpm and the freely chosen cadence).Methods:  Neuromuscular (NM) activity of vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris and gastrocnemius lateralis muscles was studied quantitatively [root‐mean square (RMS) and mean power frequency (MPF)] and qualitatively (timing of onset and offset of muscle bursts during crank cycle).Results:  The present results showed that increased cadence resulted in earlier muscle activation in crank cycle. The influence of cadence on RMS and MPF depended on the considered muscle and its functional role during pedalling. Timing of onset and offset of muscle bursts was not altered by fatigue throughout the prolonged exercise. In contrast, RMS and MPF of some muscles was found to increase during prolonged exercise.Conclusion:  In summary, the present study revealed that tonic aspects of the NM activity (RMS, MPF) are altered during prolonged pedalling exercise, while phasic aspects are remained unchanged. These results suggest that the strategies set by the central nervous system in order to provide the power output required by the exercise are held constant throughout the exercise, but that quantitative aspects of the central drive are increased in order to adapt to the progressive occurrence of the NM fatigue.
Protein kinases A and C stimulate the Na+ active transport in frog skeletal muscle without an appreciable change in the number of sarcolemmal Na+ pumps
Authors: Venosa R. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:  The activation of both protein kinases A (PKA) and protein kinases C (PKC) in some cell types increases and in others reduces active Na+ efflux. These effects have been ascribed to either a change in the rate of ionic translocation by a fixed number of Na+ pumps or, a change in the number of plasma membrane pumps. The purpose of the present experiments was to study the effect of activating PKA and PKC on the Na+ extrusion by the Na+ pump in frog skeletal muscle.Methods:  Na+ (22Na+) fluxes and ouabain (3H‐ouabain) binding were measured in frog sartorius muscles.Results:  Both activation of PKA and PKC increased the active Na+ extrusion by a factor of two; these effects were not additive. Ouabain binding experiments indicated that the pump stimulation by activation of these kinases is not associated with any significant increase in the number of plasma membrane pumps. Stimulation of the active Na+ efflux by protein kinase activation (no change in the number of sarcolemmal pumps) and by hypotonicity (increase in the number of pumps) could be elicited in the same preparation and they were additive.Conclusion:  It is concluded that in frog skeletal muscle fibres, (1) activation of both PKA and PKC stimulate the Na+ pump by increasing its rate of ionic translocation; and (2) two modes of Na+ active transport (with and without an increase in the number of pumps) are operative, and can be at work simultaneously, a phenomenon to be reckoned with.
Gene expression profiling of exercise‐induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats
Authors: Iemitsu M. , Maeda S. , Miyauchi T. , Matsuda M. , Tanaka H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAims:  Exercise training causes physiological cardiac hypertrophy, which acts to enhance cardiac function during exercise. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. We investigated gene expression profile of exercise training‐induced cardiac hypertrophy using left ventricle (LV) excised from exercise‐trained and sedentary control rats (12‐week old).Method:  Rats in the training group exercised on a treadmill for 8‐week.Results:  Left ventricular mass index and wall thickness in the exercise‐trained group were significantly greater than that in the control group, indicating that the trained rats developed cardiac hypertrophy. Of the 3800 genes analysed in the microarray analyses, a total of 75 relevant genes (upregulation of 33 genes and downregulation of 42 genes) displayed alterations with exercise training. Among these genes, we focused on glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3β, calcineurin‐inhibitor (Cain), and endothelin (ET)‐1 for their implicated roles in pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and confirmed the results of microarray analysis at mRNA and protein/peptide levels using quantitative PCR, Western blot, and EIA analyses. The gene expression of GSK‐3β decreased significantly and those of Cain and ET‐1 increased significantly with exercise training. Furthermore, LV mass index was significantly correlated with GSK‐3β protein activity (r = −0.70, P < 0.01) and tissue ET‐1 concentration (r = 0.52, P < 0.05). There were no changes in gene expressions in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), angiotensin‐correcting enzyme (ACE), interleukin‐6, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)‐1.Conclusion:  These findings suggest that physiological and pathological LV hypertrophy may share some of the same molecular mechanisms in inducing LV hypertrophy (e.g. GSK‐3β, Cain, and ET‐1) and that other genes (e.g. BNP, ACE) may differentiate physiological from pathological LV hypertrophy.
Ion channel regulation of the dynamical instability of the resting membrane potential in saccular hair cells of the green frog (Rana esculenta)
Authors: Jørgensen F. , Kroese A. B. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAims:  We investigated the ion channel regulation of the resting membrane potential of hair cells with the aim to determine if the resting membrane potential is poised close to instability and thereby a potential cause of the spontaneous afferent spike activity.Methods:  The ionic mechanism and the dynamic properties of the resting membrane potential were examined with the whole‐cell patch clamp technique in dissociated saccular hair cells and in a mathematical model including all identified ion channels.Results:  In hair cells showing I/V curves with a low membrane conductance flanked by large inward and outward rectifying potassium conductances, the inward rectifier (KIR), the delayed outward rectifier (KV) and the large conductance, calcium‐sensitive, voltage‐gated potassium channel (BKCa) were all activated at rest. Under current clamp conditions, the outward current through these channels balanced the inward current through mechano‐electrical transduction (MET) and Ca2+ channels. In 45% (22/49) of the cells, the membrane potential fluctuated spontaneously between two voltage levels determined by the voltage extent of the low membrane conductance range. These fluctuations were not influenced by blocking the MET channels but could be reversibly stopped by increasing [K+]o or by blocking of KIR channels. Blocking the BKCa channels induced regular voltage oscillations.Conclusions:  Two intrinsic dynamical instabilities of Vm are present in hair cells. One of these is observed as spontaneous voltage fluctuations by currents through KIR, KV and h‐channels in combination with a steady current through MET channels. The other instability shows as regenerative voltage changes involving Ca2+ and KV channels. The BKCa channels prevent the spontaneous voltage fluctuations from activating the regenerative system.
Effect of oseltamivir treatment on anticoagulation: a cross‐over study in warfarinized patients
Authors: Davies Brian E. , Baldó Pau Aceves , Lennon‐Chrimes Sian , Brewster Mike 
Published: August 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT Although oseltamivir had not previously been reported to cause haematological toxicity, the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) asked Roche to investigate potential interactions between oseltamivir and warfarin after isolated reports of an enhancement of the anticoagulant effect of warfarin during oseltamivir treatment. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS In individuals taking warfarin at stable dosages for chronic vascular or cardiac conditions, there is no evidence for a pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interaction between oseltamivir and warfarin that could alter the anticoagulant effect of the latter.AIMTo investigate whether oseltamivir enhances the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and to evaluate any pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction between the agents.METHODSTwenty volunteers (mean age 62 years) receiving daily warfarin and with INR values of 2.0–3.5 during the previous 2 weeks were randomized to concomitant oseltamivir 75 mg twice daily for 4.5 days or warfarin alone in a two‐way cross‐over design with a 4–8 day wash‐out. Anticoagulant effects were assessed by calculating overall [AUEC(0,96 h)] and observed maximum effect (Emax) increase from baseline in INR, decrease from baseline in factor VIIa, and change in vitamin K1 concentrations. Plasma pharmacokinetics of (R)‐ and (S)‐warfarin and oseltamivir were also assessed.RESULTSFor both treatments, changes in INR and factor VIIa during treatment were small; for net AUEC(0,96 h), least square mean values were −9.53 (oseltamivir + warfarin) and −1.69 h (warfarin alone) for INR (difference −7.84 h, 90% CI −18.86, 3.17 h), and 1.56 and 0.54 kIU l−1 h, respectively, for factor VIIa (difference, 1.01 kIU l−1 h; 90% CI −1.18, 3.21). Differences between the treatments in Emax increase from baseline for INR, decrease from baseline for factor VIIa and change from baseline in vitamin K1 concentration were not statistically significant. Oseltamivir did not alter warfarin pharmacokinetics. Oseltamivir was well tolerated in this study with no clinically significant adverse safety findings.CONCLUSIONConcomitant administration of oseltamivir for 4.5 days to volunteers on daily warfarin had little or no effect on warfarin pharmacokinetics and no effect on pharmacodynamics.
Oxidative stress and airway inflammation after allergen challenge evaluated by exhaled breath condensate analysis
Authors: Brussino L. , Badiu I. , Sciascia S. , Bugiani M. , Heffler E. , Guida G. , Malinovschi A. , Bucca C. , Rolla G. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBackground
Allergen exposure may increase airway oxidative stress, which causes lipid membrane peroxidation and an increased formation of 8‐isoprostane.Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate oxidative stress induced by allergen challenge in mild asthmatics, by measuring 8‐isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and to examine their relationship with mediators derived from arachidonic acid.Methods
8‐isoprostane, cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys‐LTs) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations in EBC were measured at baseline and after allergen challenge in 12 patients with mild allergic asthma sensitized to cat allergen.Results
At 24 h after allergen challenge, compared with baseline values, EBC 8‐isoprostane increased [48.64 pg/mL (44.14–53.61) vs. 21.56 pg/mL (19.92, 23.35), P<0.001], cys‐LTs increased [27.37 pg/mL (24.09–31.10) vs. 13.28 pg/mL (11.32, 15.57), P<0.001] and PGE2 decreased [18.69 pg/mL (12.26, 28.50) vs. 39.95 pg/mL (34.37, 46.43), P<0.001]. The trend of increasing 8‐isoprostane after allergen challenge was significantly correlated with the trend of increasing cys‐LTs (R2=0.85, P<0.001) whereas the trend of decreasing PGE2 after allergen challenge was significantly correlated with the trend of increasing cys‐LTs (R2=0.52, P=0.001).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
The increase in EBC 8‐isoprostane observed after allergen challenge indicates that allergen exposure increases airway oxidative stress in allergic asthma. The strict correlation between cys‐LTs and 8‐isoprostane underlines the relationship between allergic inflammation and oxidative stress. A shift of arachidonic acid metabolism towards lipoxygenase pathway is induced by the allergen challenge. Airway oxidative stress occurs after allergen challenge even in patients with mild intermittent allergic asthma. Cite this as: L. Brussino, I. Badiu S. Sciascia, M. Bugiani, E. Heffler G. Guida, A. Malinovschi, C. Bucca and G. Rolla, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1642–1647.
Expressional and functional analysis of the male‐specific cluster mst36F during Drosophila spermatogenesis
Authors: Di Cara F. , Cavaliere D. , Galliero V. , Polito L. C. , Digilio F. A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract mst36Fa and mst36Fb are two male‐specific genes that are part of a novel gene family recently characterized in Drosophila melanogaster. The genes are strictly clustered and show an identical tissue and temporal expression pattern limited to the male germline. Here we demonstrate that the transcription of these two genes, which is triggered by different cis regulatory elements, responds to the same testis‐specific factors encoded by the aly and can class meiotic arrest genes. RNA interference was used to decrease expression of these two genes. We obtained a reduction of fertility in the transgenic adult males compared to the wild type. These data suggest that the Mst36Fa and Mst36Fb proteins may have an important role in the production of functional sperm.
Feeding‐based RNA interference of a trehalose phosphate synthase gene in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Chen J. , Zhang D. , Yao Q. , Zhang J. , Dong X. , Tian H. , Chen J. , Zhang W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is the most devastating rice insect pest to have given rise to an outbreak in recent years. RNA interference (RNAi) is a technological breakthrough that has been developed as a powerful tool for studying gene function and for the highly targeted control of insect pests. Here, we examined the effects of using a feeding‐based RNAi technique to target the gene trehalose phosphate synthase (TPS) in N. lugens. The full‐length cDNA of N. lugens TPS (NlTPS) is 3235 bp and has an open reading frame of 2424 bp, encoding a protein of 807 amino acids. NlTPS was expressed in the fat body, midgut and ovary. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) analysis revealed that NlTPS mRNA is expressed continuously with little change during the life of the insect. Efficient silencing of the TPS gene through double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) feeding led to rapid and significant reduction levels of TPS mRNA and enzymatic activity. Additionally, the development of N. lugens larvae that had been fed with the dsRNA was disturbed, resulting in lethality, and the cumulative survival rates dropped to 75.56, 64.44, 55.56 and 40.00% after continuous ingestion of 0.5 µg/µl dsRNA for 2, 4, 7 and 10 days, respectively. These values were significantly lower than those of the insects in the control group, suggesting that NlTPS dsRNA may be useful as a means of insect pest control.
Wiltshire curing with and without nitrate
Authors: TAYLOR A. A. , SHAW B. G. , JOLLEY P. D. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe storage life of vacuum packed unsmoked bacons produced by a factory Wiltshire process from brines containing nitrite with and without nitrate has been studied at 5° and 15°C. Whilst collar bacon produced from typical bacon pigs and containing 76–129 ppm nitrite and approximately 5% salt kept slightly better when it also contained 538–568 nitrate, no consistent benefit was noted when the nitrate concentration was 196–204. Collar and back bacons with similar concentrations of nitrite and salt and produced from pigs in which the ultimate pH in the M. longissimus dorsi was ≥ 6.0 kept better when they also contained approximately 600 ppm nitrate. It is suggested that the benefit of nitrate in these bacons is due to the inhibition of bacterial growth by increased concentrations of nitrite produced from nitrate in relatively high pH muscles.
Supplementation of bread with soybean and chickpea flours
Authors: YOUSSEFF SOAD A. M. , SALEM ALI , ABDEL‐RAHMAN ABDEL HAMID Y. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryFlours from defatted soybean, raw and parboiled chickpea seeds were obtained on a laboratory scale and used as a supplement to wheat flour. the effect of supplementation level on water absorption, dough rheology, loaf quality and major chemical constituents of breads were investigated. Water absorption was slightly affected by soy and parboiled chickpea flours but was reduced by raw chickpea flour. Dough mixing time, stability and valorimetric values increased but the mixing tolerance index decreased by adding soy and parboiled chickpea flours to wheat flour. Loaves were slightly smaller in volume than the control at high levels of soy and chickpea flours. Moreover, bread score and panel evaluation showed deterioration of bread characteristics above 6% soy flour and 15% chickpea level of supplementation. the chemical analysis of the supplemented bread showed a positive trend of increasing protein and ash contents by increasing the levels of chickpea and soy flours.
Osmotic dehydration of cashew apples (Anacardium  occidentale L.): quality evaluation of candied cashew apples
Authors: Bidaisee Gillian , Badrie Neela 
Published: August 2010

SummaryWe have tested the hypothesis that a more acceptable candied cashew apple could be produced. The effects of brining as a pre‐treatment on the qualitative attributes of candied cashew apples (Anacardium occidentale L.) were investigated. The pre‐treatments consisted of soaking the fruits in 5% NaCl solution (A), 10% NaCl solution (B) or without NaCl solution (C). Subsequently osmotic dehydration of the fruits was accomplished in 300Brix sucrose syrup, increased by 100Brix daily to 700Brix, followed by convection drying at 60 °C for 48 h. The effect of brining pre‐treatment was significant (P < 0.05) on texture with resultant firmer textured candied products. Panelists rated the candied products from all treatments as slightly astringent to not astringent. Colour changed from dark red for cashew apples to light yellow for candied products. Pre‐treatment C (no brine) had significantly (P < 0.01) higher sensory scores for texture and was rated highest for acceptability.