bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TLT2 Potentiates Neutrophil Antibacterial Activity and Chemotaxis in Response to G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Mediated Signaling
Authors: Halpert Matthew M. , Thomas Kimberly A. , King R. Glenn , Justement Louis B. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Receptors encoded within the Trem locus have been shown to play an important role in modulating the cellular response to pattern recognition receptor signaling. TREM-like transcript 2 (TLT2) is a member of the Trem locus that is conserved in mouse and human. TLT2 exhibits a unique expression pattern in that it is expressed on cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineage, suggesting that it plays a role in both innate and adaptive immunity. In this work, studies reveal that TLT2 plays an important role in potentiating neutrophil antibacterial activity and chemotaxis. TLT2 ligation enhances the neutrophil response to the formylated peptide FMLF, leading to increased reactive oxygen species production, degranulation, and chemotaxis. Moreover, TLT2 has the ability to specifically potentiate neutrophil activation and chemotaxis in response to a range of agonists that bind to G protein-coupled receptors, as it does not potentiate the response of cells to growth factor receptor-, Fc receptor-, or TLR-mediated signaling. Finally, TLT2 ligation potentiates the recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation in vivo. These findings reveal a novel functional role for TLT2 that involves potentiation of neutrophil responses to G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Thus, TLT2 appears to play an important role in enhancing the innate immune response via a novel molecular mechanism.
Proteasome Immunosubunits Protect against the Development of CD8 T Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Zaiss Dietmar M. W. , Bekker Cornelis P. J. , Gröne Andrea , Lie Benedicte A. , Sijts Alice J. A. M. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Exposure of cells to inflammatory cytokines induces the expression of three proteasome immunosubunits, two of which are encoded in the MHC class II region. The induced subunits replace their constitutive homologs in newly formed “so-called” immunoproteasomes. Immunosubunit incorporation enhances the proteasome’s proteolytic activity and modifies the proteasome’s cleavage-site preferences, which improves the generation of many MHC class I-presented peptides and shapes the fine specificity of pathogen-specific CD8 T cell responses. In this article, we report on a second effect of immunoproteasome formation on CD8 T cell responses. We show that mice deficient for the immunosubunits β5i/low molecular mass polypeptide (LMP7) and β2i/multicatalytic endopeptidase complex-like–1 develop early-stage multiorgan autoimmunity following irradiation and bone marrow transplantation. Disease symptoms are caused by CD8 T cells and are transferable into immunosubunit-deficient, RAG1-deficient mice. Moreover, using the human Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium MHC dataset, we identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms within the β5i/LMP7-encoding gene sequences, which were in strong linkage disequilibrium, as independent genetic risk factors for type 1 diabetes development in humans. Strikingly, these single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly enhanced the risk conferred by HLA haplotypes that were previously shown to predispose for type 1 diabetes. These data suggested that inflammation-induced immunosubunit expression in peripheral tissues constitutes a mechanism that prevents the development of CD8 T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Systemic Fluoroquinolone Use and Risk of Uveitis or Retinal Detachment
Authors: Brown Jeremy P. , Wing Kevin , Evans Stephen J. , Leyrat Clémence , Mansfield Kathryn E. , Smeeth Liam , Wong Angel Y. S. , Yorston David , Galwey Nicholas W. , Douglas Ian J. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceFluoroquinolone use has been associated with increased risk of uveitis and retinal detachment in noninterventional studies, but the findings have been conflicting and causality is unclear.ObjectiveTo estimate the association of systemic fluoroquinolone use with acute uveitis or retinal detachment, using multiple analyses and multiple databases to increase the robustness of results.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum and GOLD UK primary care records databases, which were linked to hospital admissions data. Adults prescribed a fluoroquinolone or a comparator antibiotic, cephalosporin, between April 1997 and December 2019 were included. Adults with uveitis or retinal detachment were analyzed in a separate self-controlled case series. Data analysis was performed from May 2022 to May 2023.ExposuresSystemic fluoroquinolone or comparator antibiotic.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was a diagnosis of acute uveitis or retinal detachment. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated in the cohort study for the association of fluoroquinolone prescription with either uveitis or retinal detachment, using stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighted Cox regression. Rate ratios (RRs) were estimated in the self-controlled case series, using conditional Poisson regression. Estimates were pooled across databases using fixed-effects meta-analysis.ResultsIn total, 3 001 256 individuals in Aurum (1 893 561 women [63.1%]; median [IQR] age, 51 [35-68] years) and 434 754 in GOLD (276 259 women [63.5%]; median [IQR] age, 53 [37-70] years) were included in the cohort study. For uveitis, the pooled adjusted HRs (aHRs) for use of fluoroquinolone vs cephalosporin were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.72-1.14) at first treatment episode and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.92-1.25) over all treatment episodes. For retinal detachment, the pooled aHRs were 1.37 (95% CI, 0.80-2.36) at first treatment episode and 1.18 (95% CI, 0.84-1.65) over all treatment episodes. In the self-controlled case series, for uveitis, the pooled adjusted RRs (aRRs) for fluoroquinolone use vs nonuse were 1.13 (95% CI, 0.97-1.31) for 1 to 29 days of exposure, 1.16 (95% CI, 1.00-1.34) for 30 to 59 days, and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.74-1.31) for 60 days for longer. For retinal detachment, pooled aRRs for fluoroquinolone use vs nonuse were 1.15 (95% CI, 0.86-1.54) for 1 to 29 days of exposure, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.69-1.30) for 30 to 59 days, and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.59-1.78) for 60 days or longer.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings do not support an association of systemic fluoroquinolone use with substantively increased risk of uveitis or retinal detachment. Although an association cannot be completely ruled out, these findings indicate that any absolute increase in risk would be small and, hence, of limited clinical importance.
Mucus‐Inspired Self‐Healing Hydrogels: A Protective Barrier for Cells against Viral Infection
Authors: Bej Raju , Stevens Corey Alfred , Nie Chuanxiong , Ludwig Kai , Degen George D. , Kerkhoff Yannic , Pigaleva Marina , Adler Julia M. , Bustos Nicole A. , Page Taylor M. , Trimpert Jakob , Block Stephan , Kaufer Benedikt B. , Ribbeck Katharina , Haag Rainer 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMucus is a dynamic biological hydrogel, composed primarily of the glycoprotein mucin, exhibits unique biophysical properties and forms a barrier protecting cells against a broad‐spectrum of viruses. Here, this work develops a polyglycerol sulfate‐based dendronized mucin‐inspired copolymer (MICP‐1) with ≈10% repeating units of activated disulfide as cross‐linking sites. Cryo‐electron microscopy (Cryo‐EM) analysis of MICP‐1 reveals an elongated single‐chain fiber morphology. MICP‐1 shows potential inhibitory activity against many viruses such as herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1) and SARS‐CoV‐2 (including variants such as Delta and Omicron). MICP‐1 produces hydrogels with viscoelastic properties similar to healthy human sputum and with tuneable microstructures using linear and branched polyethylene glycol‐thiol (PEG‐thiol) as cross‐linkers. Single particle tracking microrheology, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and cryo‐scanning electron microscopy (Cryo‐SEM) are used to characterize the network structures. The synthesized hydrogels exhibit self‐healing properties, along with viscoelastic properties that are tuneable through reduction. A transwell assay is used to investigate the hydrogel's protective properties against viral infection against HSV‐1. Live‐cell microscopy confirms that these hydrogels can protect underlying cells from infection by trapping the virus, due to both network morphology and anionic multivalent effects. Overall, this novel mucin‐inspired copolymer generates mucus‐mimetic hydrogels on a multi‐gram scale. These hydrogels can be used as models for disulfide‐rich airway mucus research, and as biomaterials.
Synergistic Machine Learning Accelerated Discovery of Nanoporous Inorganic Crystals as Non‐Absorbable Oral Drugs
Authors: Xiang Liang , Chen Jiangzhi , Zhao Xin , Hu Jinbin , Yu Jia , Zeng Xiaodong , Liu Tianzhi , Ren Jie , Zhang Shiyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMachine learning (ML) has taken drug discovery to new heights, where effective ML training requires vast quantities of high‐quality experimental data as input. Non‐absorbable oral drugs (NODs) have unique safety advantage for chronic diseases due to their zero systemic exposure, but their empirical discovery is still time‐consuming and costly. Here, a synergistic ML method, integrating small data‐driven multi‐layer unsupervised learning, in silico quantum‐mechanical computations, and minimal wet‐lab experiments is devised to identify the finest NODs from massive inorganic materials to achieve multi‐objective function (high selectivity, large capacity, and stability). Based on this method, a NH4‐form nanoporous zeolite with merlinoite (MER) framework (NH4‐MER) is discovered for the treatment of hyperkalemia. In three different animal models, NH4‐MER shows a superior safety and efficacy profile in reducing blood K+ without Na+ release, which is an unmet clinical need in chronic kidney disease and Gordon's syndrome. This work provides a synergistic ML method to accelerate the discovery of NODs and other shape‐selective materials.
Interstitials in Thermoelectrics
Authors: Xu Liqing , Yin Zhanxiang , Xiao Yu , Zhao Li‐Dong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDefect structure is pivotal in advancing thermoelectric performance with interstitials being widely recognized for their remarkable roles in optimizing both phonon and electron transport properties. Diverse interstitial atoms are identified in previous works according to their distinct roles and can be classified into rattling interstitial, decoupling interstitial, interlayer interstitial, dynamic interstitial, and liquid interstitial. Specifically, rattling interstitial can cause phonon resonance in cage compound to scatter phonon transport; decoupling interstitial can contribute to phonon blocking and electron transport due to their significantly different mean free paths; interlayer interstitial can facilitate out‐of‐layer electron transport in layered compounds; dynamic interstitial can tune temperature‐dependent carrier density and optimize electrical transport properties at wide temperatures; liquid interstitial could improve the carrier mobility at homogeneous dispersion state. All of these interstitials have positive impact on thermoelectric performance by adjusting transport parameters. This perspective therefore intends to provide a thorough overview of advances in interstitial strategy and highlight their significance for optimizing thermoelectric parameters. Finally, the profound potential for extending interstitial strategy to various other thermoelectric systems is discussed and some future directions in thermoelectric material are also outlined.
Visualized Sensing‐Integrated Multi‐Responsive Soft Actuator for On‐Demand Robotic Manipulation
Authors: Cui Xiyue , Zeng Yuyang , Qin Liutong , Cheng Xiang , Yang Yuanyuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResearch on small‐scale soft robots has emerged in recent years, and various soft actuators have been developed to implement various actions. Nevertheless, realizing self‐sensing alongside environmental sensing capabilities remains a challenge, largely due to the constraints imposed by compact dimensions and the limited load‐bearing capacity intrinsic to these robots. In this study, an innovative approach is introduced through the development of a visualized sensing integrated soft actuator, which harnesses the actuator's color as a straightforward and real‐time sensing medium. Additionally, a multi‐responsive actuation mechanism is adopted in which the actuator responds concurrently to both electric and magnetic fields. To exemplify the efficacy of this concept, the actuators are engineered as flexible soft grippers, thereby accommodating functions encompassing grasping and transporting. Relying on the color distribution manifested by the actuator, the actuator's self‐sensing ability alongside its capacity to discern object temperatures is demonstrated. Such a soft actuator provides new perspectives in the realm of soft robotics, showing great potential in diverse robotic applications.
Effect of cover crop species and termination timing on corn growth and seedling disease
Authors: Almeida Tauana F. , Robinson Emily , Matthiesen‐Anderson Rashelle , Robertson Alison E. , Basche Andrea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLater spring termination of fall‐planted cover crops can result in more biomass production, which has the potential to improve environmental benefits. However, later cover crop termination can also have the potential to harm cash crops, such as through increases in corn seedling disease. With the objective of better understanding such potential competing interactions, we evaluated the impact of early and late termination timing of two cover crops—cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.)—on growth, seedling disease, and grain yield of corn in 2021 and 2022 in Nebraska. The total biomass production varied among treatments. Hairy vetch biomass was lower than cereal rye biomass at both termination times in 2021, but not different from cereal rye terminated early in 2022. Radicle root rot severity, a symptom of corn seedling disease, was not affected by cover crops in 2021. In 2022, however, radicle root rot was most severe in cereal rye terminated late treatments. Hairy vetch did not affect radicle root rot severity, regardless of termination time. Late termination of cereal rye resulted in a reduction in corn yield of 15.3% in 2021 and 76.1% in 2022 compared to no cover crop. Corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield was not affected following hairy vetch at either termination timing. Our results suggest that corn planted following late‐terminated cereal rye can increase the severity of root rot and decrease corn grain yield; however, planting green into hairy vetch can be a successful option to increase biomass without increasing corn seedling disease or decreasing corn yield.
Improving on Complexity: Ideas for Enhancing Quantitative Modeling of Climate Mobility
Authors: Michelini Sidney , Petrova Kristina , Gong Chen Chris , Zantout Karim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuantitative climate mobility research has, so far, focused primarily on climate change impacts on migration outcomes. This focus has led to a separation between quantitative climate migration research and the broader field of migration studies. In this paper ways are proposed for quantitative research to better address the complexity in the relationship between climate change and mobility. First technical suggestions are presented to improve upon migration model setups and designs and highlight promising developments. Then it is argued that quantitative methodologies can broaden the scope of research inquiries by examining how climate mitigation and adaptation efforts influence mobility, as well as assessing how mobility itself impacts vulnerability.
Non‐Hermitian Bonding and Electronic Reconfiguration of Ba2ScNbO6 and Ba2LuNbO6
Authors: Tan Yaorui , Bo Maolin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite the extensive applications of perovskite compounds, the precise nature of non‐Hermitian bonding in these materials remains poorly understood. In this study, density functional theory calculations are performed to determine the electronic structures of perovskite compounds. In particular, the bandgaps of Ba2ScNbO6 and Ba2LuNbO6 are found to be 2.617 and 2.629 eV, respectively, and the deformation bond energies and non‐Hermitian bonding of these compounds are calculated. The relationship between the non‐Hermitian zeros of the O‐Nb bond of Ba2ScNbO6 and the non‐Hermitian zeros of the Sc‐O bond is found to be similar but with varying sizes. Further, in‐depth research on non‐Hermitian chemistry verified that precise control of atomic bonding and electron states can be achieved, providing new insights into the study of chemical bonds.
A 65‐year‐old woman with ALS and bilateral precentral motor band sign
Authors: Ghaderi Sadegh , Batouli Seyed Amir Hossein , Kalra Sanjay , Mohammadi Sana , Fatehi Farzad 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageAdvanced MRI techniques, including SWI, MinIP, and QSM, are instrumental in detecting the “motor band sign” in ALS, aiding in the early diagnosis and assessment of upper motor neuron involvement, which is critical for therapeutic interventions.
A CBPR approach to multicultural and socially just counseling research
Authors: Trott Arianna , Suri Tanupreet , Chávez Thomas A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCounselor education needs innovative approaches to research that align with counseling values including the multicultural social justice counseling competencies. Community‐based participatory research can be used as an approach to bridge gaps in research and promote equity, social justice competencies, and ethical standards in the field of counseling.
Plasma triglyceride is associated with the recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation: A retrospective study
Authors: Gu Qingqing , Deng Ye , Wei Jun , Chen Qianwen , Cai Dabei , Xiao Tingting , Deng Li , Wang Yu , Wang Qingjie , Sun Ling , Ji Yuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to explore the association between triglycerides (TGs) and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence.Methods and ResultsIncluded were adult patients with AF who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation in the Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The enrolled patients were divided into the AF recurrence group and the sinus rhythm (SR) maintenance group. The univariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival curve were performed estimate the association between TG and the risk of AF recurrence. Of the 402 patients, 79 (19.7%) experienced recurrence of AF after ablation. The TG level was significantly higher in the AF recurrence group than in the SR‐maintaining group. Patients were grouped by quartile of TG levels, with Quartile 1 and Quartile 2 defined as the low concentration group, Quartile 3 as the moderate concentration group, and Quartile 4 as the high concentration group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the moderate concentration group (p = .02, hazard ratio [HR]: 2.331, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.141–4.762) and high concentration group (p = .007, HR: 2.873, 95% CI: 1.332–6.199) were associated with an increased risk of AF recurrence compared with the low concentration group. The median follow‐up was 1.17 years, it is indicated that a higher risk of recurrent AF was observed in the moderate concentration and high concentration group (log‐rank: χ2 = 7.540, p = .023).ConclusionOur data suggest that an elevated TG level measured before catheter ablation is associated with an increased risk of AF recurrence.
Thalamic activity‐dependent specification of sensory input neurons in the developing chick entopallium
Authors: Katayama Ryoka , Kumamoto Takuma , Wada Kyosuke , Hanashima Carina , Ohtaka‐Maruyama Chiaki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDuring development, cell‐intrinsic and cell‐extrinsic factors play important roles in neuronal differentiation; however, the underlying mechanisms in nonmammalian species remain largely unknown. We here investigated the mechanisms responsible for the differentiation of sensory input neurons in the chick entopallium, which receives its primary visual input via the tectofugal pathway from the nucleus rotundus. The results obtained revealed that input neurons in the entopallium expressed Potassium Voltage‐Gated Channel Subfamily H Member 5 (KCNH5/EAG2) mRNA from embryonic day (E) 11. On the other hand, the onset of protein expression was E20, which was 1 day before hatching. We confirm that entopallium input neurons in chicks were generated during early neurogenesis in the lateral and ventral ventricular zones. Notably, neurons derived from the lateral (LP) and ventral pallium (VP) exhibited a spatially distinct distribution along the rostro–caudal axis. We further demonstrated that the expression of EAG2 was directly regulated by input activity from thalamic axons. Collectively, the present results reveal that thalamic input activity is essential for specifying input neurons among LP‐ and VP‐derived early‐generated neurons in the developing chick entopallium.
Corticogenesis and folding process of the neopallium in the South American plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus
Authors: Schmidt Alejandro Raúl , Jaime Vanina Soledad , Inserra Pablo Ignacio Felipe , Proietto Sofía , Corso María Clara , Burd Ileana Abigail , Leopardo Noelia Paola , Halperin Julia , Vitullo Alfredo Daniel , Dorfman Verónica Berta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus, is a precocial hystricomorph rodent with a gyrencephalic brain. This work aimed to perform a time‐lapse analysis of the embryonic brain cortical development in the plains vizcacha to establish a species‐specific temporal window for corticogenesis and the gyrencephaly onset. Additionally, a comparative examination with evolutionarily related rodents was conducted. Embryos from 40 embryonic days (ED) until the end of pregnancy (154 ED) were evaluated. The neuroanatomical examination determined transverse sulci at 80 ED and rostral lateral and caudal intraparietal sulci around 95 ED. Histological examination of corticogenesis showed emergence of the subplate at 43 ED and expansion of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and its division into inner and outer SVZs around 54 ED. The neocortical layers formation followed an inside‐to‐outside spatiotemporal gradient beginning with the emergence of layers VI and V at 68 ED and establishing the final six neocortical layers around 100 ED. A progressive increment of gyrencephalization index (GI) from 1.005 ± 0.003 around 70 ED, which reflects a smooth cortex, up to 1.07 ± 0.009 at the end of gestation, reflecting a gyrencephalic neuroanatomy, was determined. Contrarily, the minimum cortical thickness (MCT) progressively decreased from 61 ED up to the end of gestation. These results show that the decrease in the cortical thickness, which enables the onset of neocortical invaginations, occurs together with the expansion and subdivision of the SVZ. The temporal comparison of corticogenesis in plains vizcacha with that in relative species reflects a prenatal long process compared with other rodents that may give an evolutionary advantage to L. maximus as a precocial species.
MXene materials: Pioneering sustainable energy storage solutions
Authors: Chen Minghua , Fan Qi , Chen Ke , Majkova Eva , Huang Qing , Liang Kun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMXene materials have emerged as promising candidates for solving sustainable energy storage solutions due to their unique properties and versatility. MXene materials can not only be used directly as electrode materials but can also be used as functional materials to solve problems such as poor conductivity of electrode materials, severe volume expansion, dendrites, and dissolution of electrode materials. This perspective paper explores the potential applications of MXene materials for sustainable energy storage solutions, emphasizing their distinct characteristics and applications across various domains.