bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermediate-depth seismicity and intraslab stress changes due to outer-rise faulting
Authors: Malatesta Cristina , Gerya Taras , Pittaluga Simone , Cabiddu Daniela 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntermediate-depth seismicity is common in subducting slabs and the seismicity rate shows some statistically significant yet enigmatic global positive correlation with the maximal throw of outer-rise normal faults. Here, we have simulated the formation and subduction of outer-rise faults, using 2D thermomechanical numerical models of intra-oceanic subduction with coupled brittle-ductile damage of bending plates. We observed that outer-rise faults are formed episodically during slab segmentation and their maximal throw grows with time. When been subducted to intermediate depth, these faults are locally reactivated either by i) slab unbending/bending, simultaneous to the formation of new outer-rise faults or ii) episodic interplate coupling related to the rugged morphology of the faulted downgoing plate. Faults reactivation is concurrent with a local, transient deviatoric stress increase in intraslab domains among these structures. We suggest that slab domains affected by stress increase could be the appropriate location where potential brittle deformation can occur, generating intermediate-depth intraslab earthquakes, that are predominantly localized in heterogeneous regions of dense faulting formed within slab-segments boundaries. The temporal coincidence of stress growth at intermediate depths and throw-growth of, newly-formed, outer-rise faults at the surface may possibly explain the observed global positive correlation of intermediate-depth seismicity rate with maximal fault throw.
Accounting for NOx emissions from biomass burning and urbanization doubles existing inventories over South, Southeast and East Asia
Authors: Liu Jian , Cohen Jason Blake , He Qin , Tiwari Pravash , Qin Kai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRapid urbanization and broad use of biomass burning have led to important changes in NOx [sum of nitrogen dioxide and nitrous oxide] emissions across South, Southeast, and East Asia, frequently occurring on day-to-day time scales and over areas not identified by existing emissions databases. Here we compute NOx emissions using remotely sensed NO2 [nitrogen dioxide] and a model-free mass-conserving inverse method, resulting respectively in 61 kt d−1 and 40 kt d−1 from biomass burning in Northern and Southern Continental Southeast Asia, and 14.3 kt d−1 and 3.7 kt d−1 from urbanization in China and Eastern South Asia, a net increase more than double existing inventories. Three observationally based physical constraints consistent with theory are found which current chemical transport models cannot match: more NO2 per unit of NOx emissions, longer and more variable in-situ lifetime, and longer-range transport. This result provides quantitative support for mitigation efforts targeting specific events, processes, or geographies.
miR-486-5p protects against rat ischemic kidney injury and prevents the transition to chronic kidney disease and vascular dysfunction
Authors: Douvris Adrianna , Viñas Jose L. , Gutsol Alexey , Zimpelmann Joseph , Burger Dylan , Burns Kevin D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aim: Acute kidney injury (AKI) increases the risk for progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). MicroRNA (miR)-486-5p protects against kidney ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury in mice, although its long-term effects on the vasculature and development of CKD are unknown. We studied whether miR-486-5p would prevent the AKI to CKD transition in rat, and affect vascular function. Methods: Adult male rats were subjected to bilateral kidney IR followed by i.v. injection of liposomal-packaged miR-486-5p (0.5 mg/kg). Kidney function and histologic injury were assessed after 24 h and 10 weeks. Kidney endothelial protein levels were measured by immunoblot and immunofluorescence, and mesenteric artery reactivity was determined by wire myography. Results: In rats with IR, miR-486-5p blocked kidney endothelial cell increases in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), reduced neutrophil infiltration and histologic injury, and normalized plasma creatinine (P&lt;0.001). However, miR-486-5p attenuated IR-induced kidney endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression (P&lt;0.05). At 10 weeks, kidneys from rats with IR alone had decreased peritubular capillary density and increased interstitial collagen deposition (P&lt;0.0001), and mesenteric arteries showed impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (P&lt;0.001). These changes were inhibited by miR-486-5p. Delayed miR-486-5p administration (96 h, 3 weeks after IR) had no impact on kidney fibrosis, capillary density, or endothelial function. Conclusion: In rats, administration of miR-486-5p early after kidney IR prevents injury, and protects against CKD development and systemic endothelial dysfunction. These protective effects are associated with inhibition of endothelial ICAM-1 and occur despite reduction in eNOS. miR-486-5p holds promise for the prevention of ischemic AKI and its complications.
Self‐healing anti‐corrosion coatings: A mechanism study using computational materials science
Authors: Huang Luyao , Chen Weiting , Hao Wenkui , Wang Jinke , Guo Xin , Ma Lingwei , Zhang Dawei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSelf‐healing coatings possess the remarkable ability to autonomously mend damages and restore their corrosion protection capabilities, which are compromised due to environmental influences or external forces. The progression of computational materials science has significantly bolstered theoretical explorations into self‐healing anti‐corrosion coatings. Such inquiries enhance our grasp of self‐healing mechanisms, refine coating efficacy, and curtail the expenditures associated with empirical approaches. The research advancements in computational materials science for self‐healing coatings are reviewed here. It delineates the theoretical elucidation of self‐healing mechanisms through the lens of molecular dynamics, density functional theory, Monte Carlo simulations, and finite element analysis. The computational exploration of intrinsic self‐healing coatings primarily involves dynamic reversible covalent bonds, dynamic reversible non‐covalent bonds, and shape memory effect; whereas, extrinsic self‐healing coatings concentrate on the modalities of film‐forming substances and the adsorption behaviours of corrosion inhibitors. These simulation techniques not only shed light on the self‐healing processes at a microscopic scale but also enable the prediction and enhancement of the macroscopic performance attributes of the coatings in practical applications. The merits and constraints of these computational simulation methodologies when applied to self‐healing coatings are critically assessed. Looking ahead, efforts will be directed towards a more profound amalgamation of computational simulations, empirical investigations, and artificial intelligence. This will pave the way for creating a comprehensive database cataloguing the self‐healing properties of coatings, thereby streamlining material selection and design with greater efficiency.
A comprehensive study on texture evolution and recrystallisation behaviour of Fe‐50Co alloy
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Yuanxiang , Guo Shuaijie , Kang Jian , Yuan Guo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Fe‐Co alloy, a soft magnetic alloy with high saturation magnetic induction strength and Curie temperature, is widely used in high‐performance power generation applications such as airborne radars and electromagnets. In order to improve the magnetic properties, different annealing treatment was employed to tailor the texture of Fe‐50Co alloy. The present work investigated the evolution mechanism of microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of the Fe‐50Co alloy during cold rolling and annealing treatment. The results showed that with increasing reduction ratio, the cold rolling texture primarily consisted of γ and α textures. After annealing, the dominant texture of the alloy transformed into {411}<148> and {111}<112> textures. The increase of annealing temperature weakened the {111}<110> texture while facilitating the development of new, diffuse, and randomly oriented grains. The grain size increased to 40 μm after annealing at 900°C. The alloy exhibited excellent magnetic properties after annealing at 900°C followed by furnace cooling to 750°C with a cooling rate of 50°C/h and then to 300°C with a cooling rate of 180°C/h; the B5000 was ∼2.3 T and P1.5/400 was ∼59 W/kg. A novel route to develop Fe‐50Co alloys with excellent magnetic properties was provided.
High inverse piezoelectric coefficient achieved in Sr2+‐doped KNN‐based lead‐free piezoceramics
Authors: Zheng Bofeng , Liu Tianyu , Ye Wenhui , Ma Jinxu , Zhang Fangli , Chen Kepi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh inverse piezoelectric coefficients are crucial for the effective use of piezoelectric ceramics as actuators. In this study, we focused on the design and preparation of (K0.5−xNa0.5−xSrx) (Nb0.8Ta0.2)O3 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) by defect engineering and investigated the effect of Sr2+ doping on its electrical properties. The results showed that a single perovskite phase can be achieved when Sr2+ doping is less than 3 mol%. Furthermore, Sr2+ doping was found to cause a linear decrease in both the Curie temperature (TC) and the orthorhombic–tetragonal phase transition temperature (TO‐T). The ceramic with x = 1% showed optimal piezoelectric properties, exhibiting an electric field‐induced strain of 0.124% under a low driving electric field of 20 kV/cm. This corresponds to an inverse piezoelectric coefficient () of 620 pm/V, which is comparable to that of commercial PZT piezoelectric ceramics. This study not only provides potential piezoelectric ceramics for actuators but also serves as a reference for developing high‐performance piezoelectric ceramics.
Research on magnetic field characteristics of amorphous alloy and grain‐oriented silicon steel hybrid magnetic circuit iron core
Authors: Sun Hao , Shang Yilei , Han Yu , Yang Fuyao , Liu Yang , Gao Jie , Wang Cong , Liu Chengyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmorphous alloy and grain‐oriented silicon steel are commonly employed as soft magnetic materials for the preparation of transformer cores, but both materials have their advantages and disadvantages. Using only silicon steel or amorphous alloy for the preparation of the core makes it difficult to achieve both high design density and low no‐load loss characteristics. In order to achieve the magnetic performance advantages of both amorphous alloy and silicon steel in transformer core development and application, the authors design and develop a kind of amorphous alloy and grain‐oriented silicon steel hybrid magnetic circuit core to explore the amorphous alloy and grain‐oriented silicon steel at different ratios under the magnetic properties of matching law. Based on the amorphous alloy and grain‐oriented silicon steel core magnetic performance comparison characteristics, the authors establish a core magnetic circuit model and design a hybrid magnetic circuit core structure with different material ratios. The hybrid magnetic circuit core model is simulated and analysed to obtain the magnetic density distribution of the hybrid magnetic circuit core. A number of hybrid magnetic circuit core experimental models are produced, and the use of a magnetic property measurement platform is made for the hybrid magnetic circuit core measurements, to reveal the magnetic performance matching law of the hybrid magnetic circuit core, providing a good solution for power distribution in the hybrid magnetic circuit.
How do the non‐linear I–V curves of ZnO‐based adaptive composites behave with electrodes placed on the opposite sides with a series of horizontal distances?
Authors: Sun Ya , Yuan Zhikang , Huang Zhiwen , Hu Jun , He Jinliang , Li Qi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecently, ZnO‐based composites have been widely applied in the field of electric power. To meet the diverse application requirements, it is necessary to figure out the I–V characteristics of ZnO composites whose high‐voltage and ground‐voltage electrodes are arranged on the opposite sides with a certain horizontal distance. 30 vol%, 40 vol% and 50 vol% ZnO‐based silicone rubber composites were prepared. The horizontal distance between their electrodes was set as 50, 100, 500 μm, 1 and 2 mm, respectively. Results showed that with the increase of ZnO fillers volume fraction under a fixed horizontal distance of 100 μm, from 30 vol% to 50 vol%, the I–V curves shifted left, the leakage current increased and the switching voltage decreased. When the horizontal distance between electrodes increased from 50 μm to 1 mm under a fixed doping concentration of 40%, the I–V curves shifted to the right, the leakage current dropped and the switching voltage rose. The mathematical and physical models were established to explain the results. This work provides a referential significance for the practical application of ZnO composites, such as 5G folding mobile phones and power electronic modules.
Improving the generalization of image denoising via structure‐preserved MLP‐based denoiser and generative diffusion prior
Authors: Wu Jing , Xie Ruilin , Wu Hao , Yuan Guowu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImage denoising aims to remove noise from images and improve the quality of images. However, most image denoising methods heavily rely on pairwise training strategies and strict prior knowledge about image structure or noise distribution. While these methods exhibit significant results when handling known types of noise, their generalization performance diminishes when confronted with images containing unknown noise distributions. To address this issue, a two‐stage approach is introduced for enhancing the generalizability of image denoising. The proposed method does not rely on a large amount of paired data or prior knowledge of the noise type and level. Instead, it constructs a denoising pipeline with improved generalizability through an MLP‐based denoiser and generative diffusion prior. Specifically, in the first stage, an initial denoised image is predicted with a structure resembling that of the underlying clean image by introducing an MLP‐based U‐shaped denoising network aided by an implicit structural prior. In the second stage, the generalizability and quality of the denoiser are further enhanced by conditioning the result obtained from the previous stage on the pretrained denoising diffusion null‐space model. Extensive experimentation on multiple datasets demonstrates that this method exhibits better denoising performance and generalizability than other image denoising methods.
Imaging swiFTly: Streaming widefield Fourier Transforms for large-scale interferometry
Authors: Wortmann P. , Kent J. , Nikolic B. 
Published: May 2024

Aims.We describe a scalable distributed imaging algorithm framework for next-generation radio telescopes, managing the Fourier transform from apertures to sky (or vice versa) with a focus on minimising memory load, data transfers, and computation.Methods.Our algorithm uses smooth window functions to isolate the influence between specific regions of spatial-frequency and image space. This allows the distribution of image data between nodes and the construction of segments of frequency space exactly when and where needed.Results.The developed prototype distributes terabytes of image data across many nodes, while generating visibilities at throughput and accuracy competitive with existing software. Scaling is demonstrated to be better than cubic in problem complexity (for baseline length and field of view), reducing the risk involved in growing radio astronomy processing to large telescopes like the Square Kilometre Array.
Volatile atmospheres of lava worlds
Authors: Maurice M. , Dasgupta R. , Hassanzadeh P. 
Published: May 2024

Context. A magma ocean (MO) is thought to be a ubiquitous stage in the early evolution of rocky planets and exoplanets. During the lifetime of the MO, exchanges between the interior and exterior envelopes of the planet are very efficient. In particular, volatile elements that initially are contained in the solid part of the planet can be released and form a secondary outgassed atmosphere.
Aims. We determine trends in the H–C–N–O–S composition and thickness of these secondary atmospheres for varying planetary sizes and MO extents, and the oxygen fugacity of MOs, which provides the main control for the atmospheric chemistry.
Methods. We used a model with coupled chemical gas-gas and silicate melt-gas equilibria and mass conservation to predict the composition of an atmosphere at equilibrium with the MO depending on the planet size and the extent and redox state of the MO. We used a self-consistent mass–radius model for the rocky core to inform the structure of the planet, which we combined with an atmosphere model to predict the transit radius of lava worlds.
Results. The resulting MOs have potential temperatures ranging from 1415 to 4229 K, and their outgassed atmospheres have total pressures from 3.3 to 768 bar. We find that MOs (especially the shallow ones) on small planets are generally more reduced, and are thus dominated by H2-rich atmospheres (whose outgassing is strengthened at low planetary mass), while larger planets and deeper MOs vary from CO to CO2–N2–SO2 atmospheres, with increasing $\[f_{\mathrm{O}_2}\]$. In the former case, the low molecular mass of the atmosphere combined with the low gravity of the planets yields a large vertical extension of the atmosphere, while in the latter cases, secondary outgassed atmospheres on super-Earths are likely significantly shrunk. Both N and C are largely outgassed regardless of the conditions, while the S and H outgassing is strongly dependent on the $\[f_{\mathrm{O}_2}\]$, as well as on the planetary mass and MO extent for the latter. We further use these results to assess how much a secondary outgassed atmosphere may alter the mass–radius relations of rocky exoplanets.
Metallicities for more than 10 million stars derived from Gaia BP/RP spectra
Authors: Xylakis-Dornbusch T. , Christlieb N. , Hansen T. T. , Nordlander T. , Webber K. B. , Marshall J. 
Published: May 2024

Context. The third Gaia Data Release, which includes BP/RP spectra for 219 million sources, has opened a new window into the exploration of the chemical history and evolution of the Milky Way. The wealth of information encapsulated in these data is far greater than their low resolving power (R ~ 50) would suggest at first glance, as shown in many studies. We zeroed in on the use of these data for the purpose of the detection of “new” metal-poor stars, which are hard to find yet essential for understanding several aspects of the origin of the Galaxy, star formation, and the creation of the elements, among other topics.
Aims. We strive to refine a metal-poor candidate selection method that was developed with simulated Gaia BP/RP spectra with the ultimate objective of providing the community with both a recipe to select stars for medium and high resolution observations, and a catalog of stellar metallicities.
Methods. We used a dataset comprised of GALAH DR3 and SAGA database stars in order to verify and adjust our selection method to real-world data. For that purpose, we used dereddening as a means to tackle the issue of extinction, and then we applied our fine-tuned method to select metal-poor candidates, which we thereafter observed and analyzed.
Results. We were able to infer metallicities for GALAH DR3 and SAGA stars with color excesses up to E(B − V) < 1.5 and an uncertainty of σ[Fe/H]inf ∼ 0.36, which is good enough for the purpose of identifying new metal-poor stars. Further, we selected 26 metal-poor candidates via our method for observations. As spectral analysis showed, 100% of them had [Fe/H] < −2.0, 57% had [Fe/H] < −2.5, and 8% had [Fe/H] < −3.0. We inferred metallicities for these stars with an uncertainty of σ[Fe/H]inf ∼ 0.31, as was proven when comparing [Fe/H]inf to the spectroscopic [Fe/H]. Finally, we assembled a catalog of metallicities for 10 861 062 stars.
ALMA-IMF
Authors: Dell’Ova P. , Motte F. , Gusdorf A. , Pouteau Y. , Men’shchikov A. , Díaz-González D. , Galván-Madrid R. , Lesaffre P. , Didelon P. , Stutz A. M. , Towner A. P. M. , Marsh K. , Whitworth A. , Armante M. , Bonfand M. , Nony T. , Valeille-Manet M. , Bontemps S. , Csengeri T. , Cunningham N. , Ginsburg A. , Louvet F. , Álvarez-Gutiérrez R. H. , Brouillet N. , Salinas J. , Sanhueza P. , Nakamura F. , Nguyen Luong Q. , Baug T. , Fernández-López M. , Liu H.-L. , Olguin F. 
Published: May 2024

Context. A crucial aspect in addressing the challenge of measuring the core mass function (CMF), that is pivotal for comprehending the origin of the initial mass function (IMF), lies in constraining the temperatures of the cores.
Aims. We aim to measure the luminosity, mass, column density and dust temperature of star-forming regions imaged by the ALMA-IMF large program. These fields were chosen to encompass early evolutionary stages of massive protoclusters. High angular resolution mapping is required to capture the properties of protostellar and pre-stellar cores within these regions, and to effectively separate them from larger features, such as dusty filaments.
Methods. We employed the point process mapping (PPMAP) technique, enabling us to perform spectral energy distribution fitting of far-infrared and submillimeter observations across the 15 ALMA-IMF fields, at an unmatched 2.5″ angular resolution. By combining the modified blackbody model with near-infrared data, we derived bolometric luminosity maps. We estimated the errors impacting values of each pixel in the temperature, column density, and luminosity maps. Subsequently, we employed the extraction algorithm getsf on the luminosity maps in order to detect luminosity peaks and measure their associated masses.
Results. We obtained high-resolution constraints on the luminosity, dust temperature, and mass of protoclusters, that are in agreement with previously reported measurements made at a coarser angular resolution. We find that the luminosity-to-mass ratio correlates with the evolutionary stage of the studied regions, albeit with intra-region variability. We compiled a PPMAP source catalog of 313 luminosity peaks using getsf on the derived bolometric luminosity maps. The PPMAP source catalog provides constraints on the mass and luminosity of protostars and cores, although one source may encompass several objects. Finally, we compare the estimated luminosity-to-mass ratio of PPMAP sources with evolutionary tracks and discuss the limitations imposed by the 2.5″ beam.