bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and properties of magnetic sensitive shape memory Fe3O4/poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐polyurethane nanocomposites
Authors: Cai Yan , Jiang Ji‐Sen , Zheng Bing , Xie Mei‐Ran 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFe3O4/poly (ε‐caprolactone)‐polyurethane (PCLU) shape memory nanocomposites were prepared by an in situ polymerization method. The thermal properties, magnetic properties, and shape memory properties of the nanocomposites were investigated systematically. The results showed that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed in the PCLU matrix, which ensured good shape memory properties of nanocomposites in both hot water and an alternating magnetic field (f = 45 kHz, H = 29.7 kA m−1/36.7 kA m−1). The nanocomposites started to recover near 40°C, which is slightly higher than body temperature. Thus, they would not change their deformed shape during the implanting process into the human body. Considering potential clinical applications, 45°C was chosen as shape recovery temperature which is slightly higher than 37°C, and the nanocomposites had high shape recovery rate at this temperature. With increasing content of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the shape memory properties of the nanocomposites in an alternating magnetic field increased and the best recovery rate reached 97%, which proves that this kind of nanocomposites might be used as potential magnetic sensitive shape memory materials for biomedical applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013
Toughness optimization of elastomer‐modified glass–fiber reinforced PA6 materials
Authors: Kroll Markus , Langer Beate , Grellmann Wolfgang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTo investigate the influence of moisture and EPR‐g‐MA content on the fracture behavior of glass–fiber reinforced PA6 materials, brittle‐to‐tough transition temperatures (Tbtt) were determined. Water absorption was taken into account by conditioning the analyzed materials. Tensile tests could reveal the temperature range of the largest moisture dependence of mechanical properties between 10 and 50°C. J‐integral values were used to describe the fracture behavior under conditions of impact load as a function of temperature. The brittle‐to‐tough transition of reinforced polyamides was found to be less approximate than in unreinforced materials. Two different characteristic temperature points Ts and Te were identified, which were the intercept between elastic and elastic–plastic deformation on the one hand and the starting point of dominating stable crack propagation with strong plastic deformation on the other hand. Characteristic brittle‐to‐tough transition temperatures Tbtt could be calculated as the arithmetic average of these two points. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Copper nanoparticles loaded alginate‐impregnated cotton fabric with antibacterial properties
Authors: Bajpai Sunil Kumar , Bajpai Manjula , Sharma Leena 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn the present study, calcium alginate‐impregnated cotton fabric has been loaded with copper nanoparticles to impart antimicrobial properties. The fabric, so prepared, has been characterized by TEM and FTIR analysis. There has been no adverse effect found on the mechanical properties of fabric due to alginate impregnation. The release of Cu(II) ions has been studied in the physiological fluid at 37°C under different experimental conditions, such as varying concentrations of sodium alginate and the crosslinker calcium chloride. The fabrics showed an appreciable release of Cu(II) ions, extended over a period of 50 h. The amount of Cu(II) ions released showed a negative dependence on the amount of alginate present within the fabric network and the concentration of crosslinker calcium chloride used. The release data was fitted on the Higuchi diffusion‐controlled release model successfully. Finally, the antibacterial activity of fabric was tested by zone inhibition method against E. coli as model bacteria. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Connexin 36 is Expressed in Beta and Connexins 26 and 32 in Acinar Cells at the End of the Secondary Transition of Mouse Pancreatic Development and Increase During Fetal and Perinatal Life
Authors: Pérez‐Armendariz Elia Martha , Cruz‐Miguel Lourdes , Coronel‐Cruz Cristina , Esparza‐Aguilar Marcelino , Pinzon‐Estrada Enrique , Rancaño‐Camacho Elizabeth , Zacarias‐Climaco Gerardo , Olivares Paola Fernández , Espinosa Ana Maria , Becker Ingeborg , Sáez Juan C. , Berumen Jaime , Pérez‐Palacios Gregorio 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTo identify when during fetal development connexins (Cxs) 26 (Cx26) 32 (Cx32), and 36 (Cx36) begin to be expressed, as well as to characterize their spatial distribution, real time polymerase chain reaction and immunolabeling studies were performed. Total RNA from mouse pancreases at 13 and 18 days postcoitum (dpc) and 3 days postpartum (dpp) was analyzed. In addition, pancreatic sections of mouse at 13, 14, 15, 16, 18 dpc and 3 dpp and of rat at term were double labeled with either anti‐insulin or anti‐α‐amylase and anti‐Cx26 or ‐Cx32 or ‐Cx36 antibodies and studied with confocal microscopy. From day 13 dpc, Cxs 26, 32, and 36 transcripts were identified and their levels increased with age. At 13–14 dpc, Cxs 26 and 32 were localized in few acinar cells, whereas Cx36 was distributed in small beta cell clumps. From day 14 dpc onwards, the number of labeled cells and relative immunofluorescent reactivity of all three Cxs at junctional membranes of the respective cell types increased. Cxs 26 and 32 colocalized in fetal acinar cells. In rat pancreas at term, a similar connexin distribution was found. Relative Cxs levels evaluated by immunoblotting also increased (two‐fold) in pancreas homogenates from day 18 dpc to 3 dpp. The early cell specific, wide distribution, and age dependent expression of Cxs 26, 32, and 36 during fetal pancreas ontogeny suggests their possible involvement in pancreas differentiation and prenatal maturation. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc.
Long‐term amelioration of established collagen‐induced arthritis achieved with short‐term therapy combining anti‐CD3 and anti–tumor necrosis factor treatments
Authors: Dépis Fabien , Hatterer Eric , Lamacchia Céline , Waldburger Jean‐Marc , Gabay Cem , Reith Walter , Kosco‐Vilbois Marie , Dean Yann 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment is to achieve clinical remission in order to limit structural damage and physical disability. To this end, recent emphasis has been placed on aggressive treatment early in the course of disease with drugs such as anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) agents. As T cells are also thought to play an important role in the initiation of RA, we hypothesized that targeting both TNF and T cells would result in better outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of combined therapy with anti‐CD3 and anti‐TNF in experimental RA.MethodsTwo anti‐mouse antibodies were developed as surrogate reagents for anti‐TNF and anti‐CD3 therapies. Collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in DBA/1 mice, and antibodies were injected intraperitoneally, either alone on in combination, at predetermined subtherapeutic doses. The frequency and number of pathogenic and regulatory CD4+ T cell subsets in the draining lymph nodes were determined in order to investigate the mechanisms of action.ResultsStrikingly, the combination of the two antibodies demonstrated a potent synergy in established CIA, with long‐term inhibition of disease progression and protection from joint destruction. The results did not demonstrate any enhancement of CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, but a profound depletion of pathogenic T cells from the draining lymph nodes was associated with reduced numbers of T cells in the joints.ConclusionA short course of combination therapy with anti‐CD3 and anti‐TNF efficiently depletes pathogenic T cells from the draining lymph nodes, reducing the numbers of T cells in the joints and affording long‐lasting inhibition of established CIA.
Who donates their body to science? An international, multicenter, prospective study
Authors: Cornwall Jon , Perry Gary F. , Louw Graham , Stringer Mark D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe altruistic act of body donation provides a precious resource for both teaching and researching human anatomy. However, relatively little is known about individuals who donate their bodies to science (donors), and in particular whether donors in different geographical locations share similar characteristics. A multicenter prospective survey of donors registering during 2010 in three different geographical locations, New Zealand, Ireland, and the Republic of South Africa, was conducted to identify donor characteristics. The 28‐question survey included sections on body donation program awareness, reasons for donating, giving tendency, education, ethnicity, relationship status, occupation, religion, and political preference. Two hundred surveys (81%) were returned [New Zealand 123 (85% response rate), Republic of South Africa 41 (67%), and Ireland 36 (92%)]. Results indicate that donors share certain characteristics including reason for donating (80% cited a desire to aid medical science as the main reason for wishing to donate their body); family structure (most donors are or have been in long‐term partnerships and ≥85% have siblings); and a higher proportion with no religious affiliation compared to their reference population. Some variations between locations were noted including donor age, the mode of program awareness, occupation, relationship status, political preference, organ donor status and with whom donors had discussed their decision to donate. This information could be important for assisting the identification of potential body donors in new and established bequest programs. Anat Sci Educ. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.
The potential of 3D‐FISH and super‐resolution structured illumination microscopy for studies of 3D nuclear architecture
Authors: Markaki Yolanda , Smeets Daniel , Fiedler Susanne , Schmid Volker J. , Schermelleh Lothar , Cremer Thomas , Cremer Marion 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThree‐dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D‐SIM) has opened up new possibilities to study nuclear architecture at the ultrastructural level down to the ∼100 nm range. We present first results and assess the potential using 3D‐SIM in combination with 3D fluorescence in situ hybridization (3D‐FISH) for the topographical analysis of defined nuclear targets. Our study also deals with the concern that artifacts produced by FISH may counteract the gain in resolution. We address the topography of DAPI‐stained DNA in nuclei before and after 3D‐FISH, nuclear pores and the lamina, chromosome territories, chromatin domains, and individual gene loci. We also look at the replication patterns of chromocenters and the topographical relationship ofXist‐RNA within the inactive X‐territory. These examples demonstrate that an appropriately adapted 3D‐FISH/3D‐SIM approach preserves key characteristics of the nuclear ultrastructure and that the gain in information obtained by 3D‐SIM yields new insights into the functional nuclear organization.
Protein carbonyl, 3β‐, and 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in testes and serum FSH, LH, and testosterone levels in zinc deficient Wistar rats
Authors: Kumari Deepa , Nair Neena , Bedwal Ranveer Singh 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe present study evaluated protein oxidation, alteration in hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3β‐ and 17β HSD) in testes and serum hormonal profiles of dietary zinc deficient Wistar rats. Pre‐pubertal rats were divided into three groups: zinc control (ZC), pairfed (PF), and zinc deficient (ZD) and fed 100 ppm (ZC and PF groups) and 1.0 ppm (ZD group) zinc diet for 2‐ and 4‐weeks. The testes from zinc deficient groups exhibited significant increase in total protein (2 weeks) and protein carbonyl (2‐ and 4‐weeks) concentration as well as 3β‐ and 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities (4 weeks), whereas a significant decrease was recorded in total protein (testes 4 weeks; serum 2‐ and 4‐weeks), total zinc (testes and serum 2‐ and 4‐weeks), 3β‐ and 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities (testes 2 weeks), and serum hormonal profiles (FSH and testosterone 2‐ and 4‐weeks). However, LH was below the detectable limits. These results reflect that zinc deficiency during pre‐pubertal period affected total protein and zinc status, elevates protein oxidation, and causes dysregulation of the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Low level of zinc attenuated the gonadal physiology which indicates that the metabolic regulation of testes is mediated by combined effects of a specific response (caused by decreased zinc concentration) and a nonspecific response (inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion). All these contribute to testicular dysfunction. © 2012 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
In vivostudy of the surgical anatomy of the axilla
Authors: Khan A , Chakravorty A , Gui G P H 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundClassical anatomical descriptions fail to describe variants often observed in the axilla as they are based on studies that looked at individual structures in isolation or textbooks of cadaveric dissections. The presence of variant anatomy heightens the risk of iatrogenic injury. The aim of this study was to document the nature and frequency of these anatomical variations based on in vivo peroperative surgical observations.MethodsDetailed anatomical relationships were documented prospectively during consecutive axillary dissections. Relationships between the thoracodorsal pedicle, course of the lateral thoracic vein, presence of latissimus dorsi muscle slips, variations in axillary and angular vein anatomy, and origins and branching of the intercostobrachial nerve were recorded.ResultsAmong a total of 73 axillary dissections, 43 (59 per cent) revealed at least one anatomical variant. Most notable variants included aberrant courses of the thoracodorsal nerve in ten patients (14 per cent)—three variants; lateral thoracic vein in 12 patients (16 per cent)—four variants; bifid axillary veins in ten patients (14 per cent); latissimus dorsi muscle slips in four patients (5 per cent); and variants in intercostobrachial nerve origins and branching in 26 patients (36 per cent). The angular vein, a subscapular vein tributary, was found to be a constant axillary structure.ConclusionVariations in axillary anatomical structures are common. Poor understanding of these variants can affect the adequacy of oncological clearance, lead to vascular injury, compromise planned microvascular procedures and result in chronic pain or numbness from nerve injury. Surgeons should be aware of the common anatomical variants to facilitate efficient and safe axillary surgery.
Capturing Coke Precursors in a Pd Lattice: A Carbon‐Supported Heteropoly Acid Catalyst for the Dehydration of Glycerol into Acrolein
Authors: Park Dae Sung , Kwak Byoung Kyu , Kim Nam Dong , Park Jae Ryul , Cho Jung‐Hee , Oh Seogil , Yi Jongheop 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSupported heteropoly acid catalysts are frequently used in the dehydration of glycerol into acrolein because of their high activity. However, they are easily deactivated by coke that can become deposited on the catalyst surface. Herein, we report a technique that significantly decreases coke formation by capturing coke precursors in a Pd lattice. The Pd‐added H3PW12O40/C catalyst (Pd‐PWC) showed stable catalytic activity and the amount of deposited coke formed was decreased to about 40 % of that without Pd addition. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, HR‐TEM, XPS, NH3‐TPD, and TGA methods. These results showed that the palladium lattice on the carbon support was easily loosened and that coking precursors were incorporated into the Pd lattice of the catalyst under the reaction conditions used. Consequently, the amount of coke that was deposited onto the active sites of the catalysts was significantly decreased.
Controlled Orientation in a Bio‐Inspired Assembly of Ag/AgCl/ZnO Nanostructures Enables Enhancement in Visible‐Light‐Induced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Begum Gousia , Manna Joydeb , Rana Rohit Kumar 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn a bio‐inspired approach, polyamine‐mediated mineralization of ZnO was explored to develop an environmentally benign methodology for synthesizing Ag/AgCl/ZnO nanostructures. The assembling properties displayed by the polyamines to create composite structures was utilized to have the nanocomponents effectively interact with each other in a way that is desirable for the application envisaged. The polyamines, which act as a mineralizing agent for ZnO nanoparticles, also facilitate the formation of Ag/AgCl within ZnO under ambient conditions. Thus synthesized Ag/AgCl/ZnO nanostructures represent a multi‐heterojunction system in which the nanocomponents lead in a synergistic way to enhancement in the photocatalytic activity under visible‐light irradiation.
Ultraviolet, Circular Dichroism, Fluorescence, and Circularly Polarized Luminescence Spectra of Regioregular Poly‐[3‐((S)‐2‐Methylbutyl)‐Thiophene] in Solution
Authors: Castiglioni Ettore , Abbate Sergio , Lebon France , Longhi Giovanna 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTUltraviolet (UV), Circular Dichroism (CD), Fluorescence, and Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) spectra were recorded for mixed chloroform/methanol and chloroform/butanol solutions of regioregular poly[3‐((S)‐2‐methylbutyl)‐thiophene]. An evaluation of the chiral and nonchiral components in solution is proposed on the basis of the UV and CD spectra. The fluorescence and CPL spectra are observed in a wavelength range where some UV and CD activity still appears. For this reason, the observed CPL features are strongly influenced by CD. A general procedure for evaluating true CPL spectra is proposed, when absorption and emission coexist. Chirality 24:725–730, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A dual neural network ensemble approach for multiclass brain tumor classification
Authors: Sachdeva Jainy , Kumar Vinod , Gupta Indra , Khandelwal Niranjan , Ahuja Chirag kamal 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYThe present study is conducted to develop an interactive computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system for assisting radiologists in multiclass classification of brain tumors. In this paper, primary brain tumors such as astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme, childhood tumor‐medulloblastoma, meningioma and secondary tumor‐metastases along with normal regions are classified by a dual level neural network ensemble. Two hundred eighteen texture and intensity features are extracted from 856 segmented regions of interest (SROIs) and are taken as input. PCA is used for reduction of dimensionality of the feature space. The study is performed on a diversified dataset of 428 post contrast T1‐weighted magnetic resonance images of 55 patients. Two sets of experiments are performed. In the first experiment, random selection is used which may allow SROIs from the same patient having similar characteristics to appear in both training and testing simultaneously. In the second experiment, not even a single SROI from the same patient is common during training and testing. In the first experiment, it is observed that the dual level neural network ensemble has enhanced the overall accuracy to 95.85% compared with 91.97% of single level artificial neural network. The proposed method delivers high accuracy for each class. The accuracy obtained for each class is: astrocytoma 96.29%, glioblastoma multiforme 96.15%, childhood tumor‐medulloblastoma 90%, meningioma 93.00%, secondary tumor‐metastases 96.67% and normal regions 97.41%. This study reveals that dual level neural network ensemble provides better results than the single level artificial neural network. In the second experiment, overall classification accuracy of 90.4% was achieved. The generalization ability of this approach can be tested by analyzing larger datasets. The extensive training will also further improve the performance of the proposed dual network ensemble. Quantitative results obtained from the proposed method will assist the radiologist in forming a better decision for classifying brain tumors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stable routing algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks using mobile agent
Authors: Varaprasad G. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYWireless ad hoc networks are growing important because of their mobility, versatility, and ability to work with fewer infrastructures. The mobile ad hoc network is an autonomous system consisting of mobile nodes connected with wireless links. Establishing a path between two nodes is a complex task in wireless networks. It is still more complex in the wireless mobile ad hoc network because every node is no longer as an end node and an intermediate node. In this paper, it focuses on design of connectionless routing protocol for the wireless ad hoc networks based on the mobile agent concept. The proposed model tries to discover the best path taking into consideration some concerns like bandwidth, reliability, and congestion of the link. The proposed model has been simulated and tested under various wireless ad hoc network environments with the help of a different number of nodes. The results demonstrate that the proposed model is more feasible for providing reliable paths between the source and destination with the minimum control message packets over the network. It has delivered more number of packets to the destination over the network. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uricases as Therapeutic Agents to Treat Refractory Gout: Current States and Future Directions
Authors: Yang Xiaolan , Yuan Yonghua , Zhan Chang‐Guo , Liao Fei 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Strategy, Management and Health Policy

Enabling Technology, Genomics, Proteomics
Preclinical Research
Preclinical Development Toxicology, Formulation Drug Delivery, Pharmacokinetics
Clinical Development Phases I‐III Regulatory, Quality, Manufacturing
Postmarketing Phase IV

Treatment of refractory gout remains a challenge on drug development. While pegloticase, a recombinant mammalian uricase modified with monomethoxyl poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) is effective in treating refractory gout, after continued treatment for 3 months biweekly at a therapeutic dose of 0.14 mg/kg body weight, it elicits an immune response against mPEG in nearly 20% of patients. For continued treatment of refractory gout, PEGylated uricases at monthly therapeutic doses below 4 μg/kg body weight have promise. To formulate uricases to achieve monthly therapeutic regimens requires pharmacodynamics simulation and experimentation including molecular engineering of uricases based on rational design and evolution biotechnology in combination to improve their inherent catalytic efficiency, thermostability and selectivity for urate over xanthine and optimization of the number and distribution of accessible reactive amino acid residues in native uricases for site‐specific PEGylation with poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives with lower of immunogenicity than mPEG to retain activity, minimize immunogenicity and enhance the pharmacokinetics of the PEGylated uricase. These issues are briefly reviewed as a means to stimulate the development of safer uricase formulations for continued treatment of refractory gout.