bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials for Antiviral Applications
Authors: Serrano‐Aroca Ángel , Takayama Kazuo , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , de la Fuente‐Nunez Cesar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the antimicrobial resistance era, carbon‐based nanomaterials (CBNs) such as fullerenes, carbon dots, graphene, and their derivatives are promising therapeutic tools in combating viral diseases. This review shows that these materials have broad‐spectrum antiviral activity against 33 viruses belonging to different Baltimore groups. CBNs also exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi and possess a low risk of selecting for resistance, since their primary mode of antimicrobial action involves physically damaging the microbes. CBNs also offer additional promising properties, including enhanced antiviral effectiveness under diverse types of irradiation and facilitating antiviral immune responses. Their potential as antiviral agents is still in its infancy and future research should focus on their toxicity, antiviral mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability. They are also potential antiviral materials for preventing the transmission of viral diseases for use in face masks, shields, hospital and airport surfaces, and elevators, among others. It is anticipated that CBNs will play an increasingly significant role in the fight against viruses and infectious diseases.
AlN: An Engineered Thermal Material for 3D Integrated Circuits
Authors: Vaziri Sam , Perez Christopher , Datye Isha M. , Kwon Heungdong , Hsu Chen‐Feng , Chen Michelle E. , Noshin Maliha , Lee Tung‐Ying , Asheghi Mehdi , Woon Wei‐Yen , Pop Eric , Goodson Kenneth E. , Liao Szuya S. , Bao Xinyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAluminum nitride (AlN) is a promising material for thermal management in 3D integrated circuits (ICs) due to its high thermal conductivity. However, achieving high thermal conductivity in AlN thin films grown at low temperatures on amorphous substrates poses significant challenges for back‐end‐of‐line (BEOL) compatibility. This study reports high cross‐plane thermal conductivities approaching 90 Wm−1K−1 for sub‐300 nm‐thick AlN films sputter‐deposited at low temperatures (<200 °C) on ordinary SiO2 substrates. The correlations between cross‐plane and in‐plane thermal conductivity, texture, grain size, oxygen content, Al:N atomic ratio, and thermal boundary conductance of these films are explored. These findings reveal the crucial role of grain orientation alignment in achieving high thermal conductivity and high thermal boundary conductance. A method is introduced to effectively monitor the thermal conductivity of the AlN thin films using X‐ray diffraction. This study offers valuable insights that can aid in the implementation of an effective thermal management material in the semiconductor production line.
3D Printing of Ordered Mesoporous Silica Using Light‐Induced Sol‐Gel Chemistry
Authors: Gluns Johanna , Zhao Lucy , Spiehl Dieter , Mikolei Joanna J. , Pardehkhorram Raheleh , Ceolin Marcelo , Andrieu‐Brunsen Annette 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMesoporous ceramic materials used in applications such as catalysis, filtration, or sensing, are usually hierarchically structured. Thereby, their structural hierarchy is often inherently related to the manufacturing methods and cannot be independently locally designed along all length scales. This study combines light‐based additive manufacturing and bottom‐up light‐induced self‐assembly (LISA) sol‐gel chemistry to engineer hierarchically structured porous silica from the nanoscale to the macroscopic object geometry. A LISA‐based printing solution that enables printing of ordered mesoporous silica with geometrically complex shapes by using a commercially available digital light processing (DLP)‐based 3D printer is presented. This approach exploits the self‐assembly process of block copolymer mesopore templates, such as Pluronic P123, and hydrolysis and condensation of silica precursors upon irradiation in the 3D printer to shape mesoporous silica objects. Furthermore, different resins are added to the LISA solution to print 3D silica‐resin objects. Mesoporous silica objects up to 10 mm in size, consisting of ordered mesopores with diameters around 5 nm and having high specific surface areas of ≈400 m2 g−1 are successfully printed with a fast and easy post‐processing.
Dimensional Upgrade Induced Enriched Active Sites and Intensified Intramolecular Electron Donor–Acceptor Interaction to Boost Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Cheng Ruiqi , Ran Biao , Zhang Xinlong , Han Yilin , Shao Xichen , Li Huanxin , Fu Chaopeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConjugated 2D covalent organic frameworks (2D‐COFs) have garnered interest as potential cost‐efficient noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts, owing to their structural flexibility, well‐defined molecular architecture, high compatibility, and environmental sustainability. However, their suboptimal activity, primarily attributed to their low active site utilization and limited electron transfer ability, considerably impedes their implementation in real‐world electrocatalytic systems. Herein, the molecular dimensionality of a 2D‐COF containing tris‐triazine ring (2D‐Tr‐COF) is upgraded to generate its 3D counterpart (3D‐Tr‐COF), enabling a direct comparison between 2D‐ and 3D‐ COFs. These findings reveal that slightly altering the spatial structure in plane (from 2D to 3D) by substituting amine building blocks leads to significant variations in molecular architecture and performance for oxygen reduction reaction. The results indicate that 3D‐Tr‐COF with enlarged lattice spacing, more active species, and reduced conjugated degree, possesses enriched active sites. Moreover, the intensified intramolecular electron donor–acceptor interaction between the tris‐triazine ring and its neighboring imino linkage of 3D‐Tr‐COF optimizes the electronic/band structure and facilitates the charge transfer, resulting in enhanced intrinsic activity compared to 2D‐Tr‐COF. The extensively optimized 3D‐Tr‐COF demonstrates a half‐wave potential of 0.833 V, on par with the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C. These findings offer valuable insights into dimension modulation strategies for COF‐based electrocatalyst designing.
Pathogen‐Mimicking Nanoparticles Based on Rigid Nanomaterials as an Efficient Subunit Vaccine Delivery System for Intranasal Immunization
Authors: Wan Hongping , Deng Kai , Huang Zhengqun , Yang Yunhan , Jing Bo , Feng Yumei , Li Yuanfeng , Liu Yong , Lu Mingqin , Zhao Xinghong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite the safety profile of subunit vaccines, the inferior immunogenicity hinders their application in the nasal cavity. This study introduces a novel antigen delivery and adjuvant system utilizing mucoadhesive chitosan–catechol (Chic) on silica spiky nanoparticles (Ssp) to enhance immunity through multiple mechanisms. The Chic functionalizes the Ssp surface and incorporates with SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein receptor‐binding domain (RBD) and toll‐like receptor (TLR)9 agonist unmethylated cytosine‐guanine (CpG) motif, forming uniform virus‐like nanoparticles (Ssp‐Chic‐RBD‐CpG) via electrostatic and covalent interactions. Ssp‐Chic‐RBD‐CpG, mimicking the morphology and function of inactive virions, effectively prolongs the retention time of RBD in the nasal mucosa by 3.92‐fold compared to RBD alone, enhances the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), and facilitates the antigen trafficking to the draining lymph nodes, which subsequently induces a stronger mucosal immunity. Mechanistically, the enhanced chemokine chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20)‐driven DCs recruitment and maturation by Ssp‐Chic‐RBD‐CpG are evidenced by a cell co‐culture model. In addition, the overexpression of TLR4/9 and activation of MYD88/NF‐κB signaling pathway in activation of DCs are observed. Proof of principle is obtained for RBD, but similar delivery mechanisms can be applied in other protein‐based subunit vaccines as well when intranasal administration is needed.
On the Influence of Fabrication Methods and Materials for mRNA‐LNP Production: From Size and Morphology to Internal Structure and mRNA Delivery Performance In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Bi Dongdong , Wilhelmy Christoph , Unthan Dennis , Keil Isabell Sofia , Zhao Bonan , Kolb Bastian , Koning Roman I. , Graewert Melissa A. , Wouters Bert , Zwier Raphaël , Bussmann Jeroen , Hankemeier Thomas , Diken Mustafa , Haas Heinrich , Langguth Peter , Barz Matthias , Zhang Heyang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLipid nanoparticle (LNP) remains the most advanced platform for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery. To date, mRNA LNPs synthesis is mostly performed by mixing lipids and mRNA with microfluidics. In this study, a cost‐effective microfluidic setup for synthesizing mRNA LNPs is developed. It allows to fine‐tune the LNPs characteristics without compromising LNP properties. It is compared with a commercial device (NanoAssemblr) and ethanol injection and the influence of manufacturing conditions on the performance of mRNA LNPs is investigated. LNPs prepared by ethanol injection exhibit broader size distributions and more inhomogeneous internal structure (e.g., bleb‐like substructures), while other LNPs show uniform structure with dense cores. Small angel X‐ray scattering (SAXS) data indicate a tighter interaction between mRNA and lipids within LNPs synthesized by custom device, compared to LNPs produced by NanoAssemblr. Interestingly, the better transfection efficiency of polysarcosine (pSar)‐modified LNPs correlates with a higher surface roughness than that of PEGylated ones. The manufacturing approach, however, shows modest influence on mRNA expression in vivo. In summary, the home‐developed cost‐effective microfluidic device can synthesize LNPs and represents a potent alternative to NanoAssemblr. The preparation methods show notable effect on LNPs’ structure but a minor influence on mRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo.
Live‐Cell Imaging of MicroRNA Expression via Photoinduced Electron Transfer Controlled by Catalytic Hairpin Assembly
Authors: Na Hyebin , Koo Bon Il , Park Jae Chul , Lim Jiwoo , Kim Yoosik , Chung Hyun Jung , Nam Yoon Sung 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as emerging biomarkers for a range of diseases, and their quantitative analysis draws increasing attention. Yet, current invasive methods limit continuous tracking within living cells. To overcome this, a nonenzymatic DNA‐based nanoprobe is developed for dynamic, noninvasive miRNA tracking via live‐cell imaging. This probe features a unique hairpin DNA structure with five guanines that act as internal quenchers, suppressing fluorescence from an attached fluorophore via photoinduced electron transfer. Target miRNA initiates toehold‐mediated strand displacement, restoring, and amplifying the fluorescence signal. Additionally, by introducing a single mismatch to the hairpin DNA, the nanoprobe's sensitivity is significantly enhanced, lowering the detection limit to about 60 pM without compromising specificity. To optimize intracellular delivery for prolonged monitoring, the nanoprobe is encapsulated within multilamellar lipid nanovesicles, fluorescently labeled for dual‐wavelength ratiometric analysis. The proposed nanoprobe demonstrates a significant advance in live‐cell miRNA detection, promising enhanced in situ analysis for a better understanding of miRNAs’ pathophysiological function.
Immobilized Multi‐Enzyme/Nanozyme Biomimetic Cascade Catalysis for Biosensing Applications
Authors: Cai Xiaoli , Huang Yuteng , Zhu Chengzhou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMultiple enzyme‐induced cascade catalysis has an indispensable role in the process of complex life activities, and is widely used to construct robust biosensors for analyzing various targets. The immobilized multi‐enzyme cascade catalysis system is a novel biomimetic catalysis strategy that immobilizes various enzymes with different functions in stable carriers to simulate the synergistic catalysis of multiple enzymes in biological systems, which enables high stability of enzymes and efficiency enzymatic cascade catalysis. Nanozymes, a type of nanomaterial with intrinsic enzyme‐like characteristics and excellent stabilities, are also widely applied instead of enzymes to construct immobilized cascade systems, achieving better catalytic performance and reaction stability. Due to good stability, reusability, and remarkably high efficiency, the immobilized multi‐enzyme/nanozyme biomimetic cascade catalysis systems show distinct advantages in promoting signal transduction and amplification, thereby attracting vast research interest in biosensing applications. This review focuses on the research progress of the immobilized multi‐enzyme/nanozyme biomimetic cascade catalysis systems in recent years. The construction approaches, factors affecting the efficiency, and applications for sensitive biosensing are discussed in detail. Further, their challenges and outlooks for future study are also provided.
Dark Current in Broadband Perovskite–Organic Heterojunction Photodetectors Controlled by Interfacial Energy Band Offset
Authors: Nodari Davide , Hart Lucy J. F. , Sandberg Oskar J. , Furlan Francesco , Angela Edoardo , Panidi Julianna , Qiao Zhuoran , McLachlan Martyn A. , Barnes Piers R. F. , Durrant James R. , Ardalan Armin , Gasparini Nicola 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLead halide perovskite and organic semiconductors are promising classes of materials for photodetector (PD) applications. State‐of‐the‐art perovskite PDs have performance metrics exceeding silicon PDs in the visible. While organic semiconductors offer bandgap tunability due to their chemical design with detection extended into the near‐infrared (NIR), perovskites are limited to the visible band and the first fraction of the NIR spectrum. In this work, perovskite–organic heterojunction (POH) PDs with absorption up to 950 nm are designed by the dual contribution of perovskite and the donor:acceptor bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ), without any intermediate layer. The effect of the energetics of the donor materials is systematically studied on the dark current (Jd) of the device by using the PBDB‐T polymer family. Combining the experimental results with drift‐diffusion simulations, it is shown that Jd in POH devices is limited by thermal generation via deep trap states in the BHJ. Thus, the best performance is obtained for the PM7‐based POH, which delivers an ultra‐low noise current of 2 × 10−14 A Hz−1/2 and high specific detectivity of 4.7 × 1012 Jones in the NIR. Last, the application of the PM7‐based POH devices as NIR pulse oximeter with high‐accuracy heartbeat monitoring at long‐distance of 2 meters is demonstrated.
Turning Waste into Wealth: A Potent Sono‐Immune Strategy Based on Microcystis
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Ge Jun , Zhong Xiaoyan , Liu Luyao , Chen Linfu , Lu Shunyi , Ren Jiacheng , Chen Youdong , Sun Shumin , Song Zhuorun , Cheng Yuan , Cheng Liang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCurrently, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has limited therapeutic outcomes and immune responses, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced strategies that can stimulate robust and long‐lasting antitumor effects. Microcystis, a notorious microalga, reveals the possibility of mediating SDT owing to the presence of gas vesicles (GVs) and phycocyanin (PC). Herein, a nontoxic strain of Microcystis elabens (labeled Me) is developed as a novel agent for SDT because it generates O2 under red light (RL) illumination, while GVs and PC act as cavitation nuclei and sonosensitizers, respectively. Moreover, algal debris is released after ultrasound (US) irradiation, which primes the Toll‐like receptor pathway to initiate a cascade of immune responses. This sono‐immune strategy inhibits CT26 colon tumor growth largely by promoting dendritic cell (DC) maturation and cytotoxic T‐cell activation. After combination with the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), the therapeutic outcome is further amplified, accompanied by satisfactory abscopal and immune memory effects; the similar potency is proven in the “cold” 4T1 triple‐negative breast tumor. In addition, Me exhibits good biosafety without significant acute or chronic toxicity. Briefly, this study turns waste into wealth by introducing sono‐immunotherapy based on Microcystis that achieved encouraging therapeutic effects on cancer, which is expected to be translated into the clinic.
Membrane Fusion‐Mediated Loading of Therapeutic siRNA into Exosome for Tissue‐Specific Application
Authors: Xie Miao , Wu Yuqing , Zhang Yilun , Lu Ruiyang , Zhai Zimeng , Huang Yangyang , Wang Fujun , Xin Changchang , Rong Guangyu , Zhao Chen , Jiang Kai , Zhou Xujiao , Zhou Xingtao , Zhu Xinyuan , Hong Jiaxu , Zhang Chuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTissue‐specific delivery of oligonucleotide therapeutics beyond the liver remains a key challenge in nucleic acid drug development. To address this issue, exploiting exosomes as a novel carrier has emerged as a promising approach for efficient nucleic acid drug delivery. However, current exosome‐based delivery systems still face multiple hurdles in their clinical applications. Herein, this work presents a strategy for constructing a hybrid exosome vehicle (HEV) through a DNA zipper‐mediated membrane fusion approach for tissue‐specific siRNA delivery. As a proof‐of‐concept, this work successfully fuses a liposome encapsulating anti‐NFKBIZ siRNAs with corneal epithelium cell (CEC)‐derived exosomes to form a HEV construct for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). With homing characteristics inherited from exosomes, the siRNA‐bearing HEV can target its parent cells and efficiently deliver the siRNA payloads to the cornea. Subsequently, the NFKBIZ gene silencing significantly reduces pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretions from the ocular surface, reshapes its inflammatory microenvironment, and ultimately achieves an excellent therapeutic outcome in a DED mouse model. As a versatile platform, this hybrid exosome with targeting capability and designed therapeutic siRNAs may hold great potential in various disease treatments.
Data‐Driven Design of Triple‐Targeted Protein Nanoprobes for Multiplexed Imaging of Cancer Lymphatic Metastasis
Authors: Shen Guodong , Jia Xiaohua , Qi Tianyi , Hu Zhenhua , Xiao Anqi , Liu Qiqi , He Keyu , Guo Weihong , Zhang Dan , Li Wanjun , Cao Genmao , Li Guoxin , Tian Jie , Huang Xinglu , Hu Yanfeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTargeted imaging of cancer lymphatic metastasis remains challenging due to its highly heterogeneous molecular and phenotypic diversity. Herein, triple‐targeted protein nanoprobes capable of specifically binding to three targets for imaging cancer lymphatic metastasis, through a data‐driven design approach combined with a synthetic biology‐based assembly strategy, are introduced. Specifically, to address the diversity of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs), a combination of three targets, including C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), transferrin receptor protein 1 (TfR1), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) is identified, leveraging machine leaning‐based bioinformatics analysis and examination of LN tissues from patients with gastric cancer. Using this identified target combination, ferritin nanocage‐based nanoprobes capable of specifically binding to all three targets are designed through the self‐assembly of genetically engineered ferritin subunits using a synthetic biology approach. Using these nanoprobes, multiplexed imaging of heterogeneous metastatic LNs is successfully achieved in a polyclonal lymphatic metastasis animal model. In 19 freshly resected human gastric specimens, the signal from the triple‐targeted nanoprobes significantly differentiates metastatic LNs from benign LNs. This study not only provides an effective nanoprobe for imaging highly heterogeneous lymphatic metastasis but also proposes a potential strategy for guiding the design of targeted nanomedicines for cancer lymphatic metastasis.
Ligand Driven Control and F‐Doping of Surface Characteristics in FASnI3 Lead‐Free Perovskites: Relation Between Molecular Dipoles, Surface Dipoles, Work Function Shifts, and Surface Strain
Authors: Basera Pooja , Traore Boubacar , Jiang Pingping , Pedesseau Laurent , Kepenekian Mikaël , Even Jacky , Katan Claudine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe performance and operational stability of perovskite‐based devices heavily rely on the interfacial properties between the photoactive perovskite layer and charge transport layers. Understanding the theoretical relationship between surface/interface dipoles and surface energetics is crucial for scientific understanding and practical applications. In this study, a method is applied that bridges classical electromagnetism and modern atomistic approaches. The impact of dipolar ligand molecules functionalizing the FASnI3 perovskite surface is investigated, with inspection of the interplay between surface dipole, charge transfer, and local strain effect, and corresponding shifts in the valence level. The results reveal that the contribution of individual molecular entities to surface dipoles and electric susceptibilities follows an essentially additive behavior. The influence of F doping usually used to mitigate Sn oxidation in Sn‐based layer for photovoltaic applications, is also discussed. Furthermore, the findings are compared with predictions from classical approaches employing a capacitor model that links the induced vacuum level shift and the molecular dipole moment. The insights gained from the study provide theoretical guidelines for fine‐tuning the work functions of materials, thus enabling effective interfacial engineering in this class of semiconductors.
Helicobacter Pylori‐Enhanced hnRNPA2B1 Coordinates with PABPC1 to Promote Non‐m6A Translation and Gastric Cancer Progression
Authors: Yu Yi , Yang Yan‐Ling , Chen Xiao‐Yu , Chen Zhao‐Yu , Zhu Jin‐Shui , Zhang Jing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the primary risk factor for the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC). N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) plays pivotal roles in mRNA metabolism and hnRNPA2B1 as an m6A reader is shown to exert m6A‐dependent mRNA stabilization in cancer. This study aims to explore the role of hnRNPA2B1 in H. pylori‐associated GC and its novel molecular mechanism. Multiple datasets and tissue microarray are utilized for assessing hnRNPA2B1 expression in response to H. pylori infection and its clinical prognosis in patients with GC. The roles of hnRNPA2B1 are investigated through a variety of techniques including glucose metabolism analysis, m6A‐epitranscriptomic microarray, Ribo‐seq, polysome profiling, RIP‐seq. In addition, hnRNPA2B1 interaction with poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1) is validated using mass spectrometry and co‐IP. These results show that hnRNPA2B1 is upregulated in GC and correlated with poor prognosis. H. pylori infection induces hnRNPA2B1 upregulation through recruiting NF‐κB to its promoter. Intriguingly, cytoplasm‐anchored hnRNPA2B1 coordinated PABPC1 to stabilize its relationship with cap‐binding eIF4F complex, which facilitated the translation of CIP2A, DLAT and GPX1 independent of m6A modification. In summary, hnRNPA2B1 facilitates the non‐m6A translation of epigenetic mRNAs in GC progression by interacting with PABPC1‐eIF4F complex and predicts poor prognosis for patients with GC.