bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of indole‐based probes for high‐throughput screening of drug binding to human serum albumin: Analysis by high‐performance affinity chromatography
Authors: Conrad Mandi L. , Moser Annette C. , Hage David S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThere has been growing interest in the use of rapid and selective separation methods such as high‐performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) or affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) for the characterization of drug–protein interactions.L‐Tryptophan is commonly used in these and other methods as a site‐selective probe for examining the binding of small solutes and drugs at Sudlow site II on the protein HSA. However, solutions ofL‐tryptophan can be unstable and are generally prepared fresh daily for these studies. In this report, HPAC was used to examine other indole compounds as possible replacements forL‐tryptophan as a site‐selective probe for use in the high‐throughput screening of drug binding to HSA; the implications of these results in the use of such compounds in ACE were also considered. The probe candidates that were tested included indole‐3‐acetic acid, indole‐3‐carboxylic acid, indole‐3‐butyric acid, indole‐3‐propionic acid, indole‐3‐methanol, 3‐acetylindole, and 3‐methylindole. All of these compounds were found by1H NMR and UV–Vis spectroscopy to be stable for up to 3 wk at room temperature when kept in a pH 7.4, 0.067 M phosphate buffer. The binding of these compounds was examined by using columns that contained immobilized HSA. 3‐Acetylindole was found to be the best candidate in this group for use as an alternative probe toL‐tryptophan for Sudlow site II. This probe had the same binding site and a similar affinity toL‐tryptophan but was more stable in aqueous solution, making it suitable for high‐throughput screening of drug–HSA binding in both HPAC and ACE.
Microchip free flow isoelectric focusing for protein prefractionation using monolith with immobilized pH gradient
Authors: Han Bin , Wang Pingli , Zhu Guijie , Zhang Lihua , Qu Feng , Deng Yulin , Zhang Yukui 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMicrochip free flow IEF (μFFIEF) with monolithic IPG was proposed for protein prefractionation. The monolithic materials were first prepared by UV irradiation in a microchamber of 43 mm length, 23 mm width, and 38 μm depth. Carrier ampholytes (CAs) were further immobilized on the monolith by chemical bonding, to form a stable pH gradient. By such a technique, the continuous introduction of CAs in traditional μFFIEF could be avoided, not only to decrease the operation cost, but also to avoid the interference of CAs for the further protein identification by MS/MS. With a fluorescence microscope as the detector, under the optimal conditions, the separation of FITC labeled β‐lactoglobulin and carbonic anhydrase, with 0.9 unit difference on pI, was achieved with good reproducibility. The experimental results demonstrated that under the experimental conditions we applied, the separation mechanism of μFFIEF with M‐IPG materials might be the cooperative effects of IEF and CZE, and the former one plays a predominant role.
“Shaeer’s vasovasostomy” for bypassing inguinal obstruction of the vas deferens: intra-peritoneal versus extraperitoneal approaches
Authors: Shaeer Osama K. Z. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Latrogenic obstruction of the vas deferens within the inguinal canal can be managed by direct onsite vasovasostomy. However, in cases with large defect of the vas, the anastomosis may be under tension. Dissecting through the site of a previous hernia repair is tedious, and may lead to recurrence of the hernia.

Aim of the Work
The present work reports on an alternative technique that avoids the latter drawbacks.

Patients and Methods
A total of 15 patients with azoospermia due to inguinal obstruction of the vas deferens underwent bilateral repair. Ten cases were operated upon using the classical transperitoneal approach. Under laparoscopic vision, the pelvic vas was rendered intraperitoneal and its lateral-most end was clipped at the internal inguinal ring, cut and extruded from the abdomen through a port in the external inguinal ring. Vasovasostomy was performed, bridging the retrieved stump of the pelvic vas with the scrotal vas. Five patients were operated upon through the extraperitoneal approach.

Results
By the end of one year. Nine out of the 15 cases showed an average sperm concentration of 17±3.5 million/ml.

Conclusion
Pelvi-scrotal vasovasostomy (PSVV) or Shaeer’s vasovasostomy can be offered as a cost-effective and successful alternative or supplement to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), for cases with iatrogenic large defects of the vas deferens within the inguinal canal. The transperitoneal approach is more convenient in post-herniotomy and post-herniorrhaphy cases.
Living with an Unfixable Heart: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Experience of Living with Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Ryan Marie , Farrelly Mary 
Published: March 2009

Background: Nurses working with patients with advanced heart failure need knowledge that will help us to help patients cope with their situations of chronic illness. However, our knowledge bank is deficient due to the scarcity of inquiry that takes the affected person's point of view as its central focus. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients' experiences of living with advanced heart failure. Methods: The study sample ( N = 9) consisted of male ( N = 6) and female ( N = 3) patients with advanced (NYHA classes III–IV) heart failure. The design was qualitative and open unstructured interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim during 2006. Results: Four main themes emerged: Living in the Shadow of Fear; Running on Empty; Living a Restricted life; and Battling the System. The experience of living with advanced heart failure was described as a fearful and tired sort of living characterised by escalating impotence and dependence. Conclusions: The findings suggest that there may be an illogical but enduring ethos of ‘cure’ pervading health care worker's attitudes to advanced heart failure care. This mindset might be working to hinder the application of additional or alternative therapies, which might better palliate the physical and psychosocial distress of patients.
Linguistic validation of the DN4 for use in international studies
Authors: Van Seventer R. , Vos C. , Meerding W. , Mear I. , Le Gal M. , Bouhassira D. , Huygen F.J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives Traditionally, pain is divided into two main groups: nociceptive pain due to an excess of nociception and neuropathic pain associated with an injury or dysfunction of the central or peripheral nervous system. The French neuropathic pain group has developed a specific questionnaire, the DN4, to help clinicians in the differential diagnosis of neuropathic and non‐neuropathic pain. In order to allow this questionnaire to be used in international studies, it has been translated and linguistically validated into Dutch, German, Greek and Hungarian, using a well‐established procedure.Methods: The same method was used for each country and involved four stages: (1) two forward translations followed by comparison and reconciliation of the translations, (2) one backward translation, (3) review by an expert clinician, and (4) cognitive testing of the first seven items on patients.Results: The translation work produced three types of situations. Either the original wording could be translated literally or semantic issues were discussed as the original wording was not always sufficiently clear and had to be clarified by adding an explanation, or, in the case of idiomatic phrases such as “pins and needles”, it was necessary to use different expressions, the challenge being to retain the original concept while doing so. The versions proposed to patients and experts were well understood.Conclusion: The DN4 items were linguistically validated in each of the target languages, thus providing the means for standardising the diagnosis of neuropathic pain and pooling the data collected during clinical research in the different countries involved.
Engaging the consumer: The science and art of the value creation process
Authors: Higgins E. Tory , Scholer Abigail A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRegulatory engagement theory [Higgins, E. T. (2006). Value from hedonic experience and engagement. Psychological Review, 113, 439–460.] proposes that value is a motivational force of attraction to or repulsion from something, and that strength of engagement contributes to value intensity independent of hedonic and other sources of value direction. This paper reviews different sources of engagement strength, including dealing with challenges by opposing interfering forces and overcoming personal resistance, preparing for something that is likely to happen, and using “fit” or “proper” means of goal pursuit. We present evidence that each of these sources of engagement strength can intensify the value of something, and we show how stronger engagement can not only make something positive more positive but also make something negative more negative. We also discuss how these effects of stronger engagement on the value of something else are independent of actors' own personal experiences during goal pursuit. We then broaden regulatory engagement theory by describing the nature of these personal experiences from different sources of engagement strength—distinct positive experiences (e.g., feeling “pleasure” vs. feeling “right”) and distinct negative experiences (e.g., feeling “tension” vs. feeling “defiance”)—and consider the science and art of combining them with engagement strength for maximal persuasion and influence.
The unique consequences of feeling lucky: Implications for consumer behavior
Authors: Jiang Yuwei , Cho Angela , Adaval Rashmi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCognitive priming procedures were used to identify the unique effects that luck‐related concepts have on consumer behavior. The effects of these concepts could theoretically influence behavior through the elicitation of positive affect or via temporary changes in participants' self representations of how lucky they feel. An initial experiment showed that priming Asian consumers with lucky numbers independently influenced both their perceptions of personal luck and the positive affect they reported experiencing. Subsequent experiments, however, showed that the effect of these primes on consumer behavior was mediated by momentary changes in how lucky people felt (i.e. changes in the self concept) rather than by the positive affect they were experiencing at the time. Exposing consumers to lucky numbers influenced their estimates of how likely they were to win a lottery (Experiment 2), their willingness to participate in such a lottery (Experiment 4), their evaluations of different promotional strategies (Experiment 3), and also the amount of money they were willing to invest in different financial options (Experiment 4). The effect of luck on behavior was also moderated by a person's regulatory focus.
Effects of a tongue‐holding maneuver during swallowing evaluated by high‐resolution manometry
Authors: Umeki Hiroshi , Takasaki Kenji , Enatsu Kaori , Tanaka Fujinobu , Kumagami Hidetaka , Takahashi Haruo 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of a tongue‐holding maneuver (THM) during swallowing using a novel high‐resolution manometry (HRM) system.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.Materials and MethodsThirty‐three asymptomatic Japanese adults were studied. A solid‐state HRM assembly with 36 circumferential sensors spaced 1‐cm apart was positioned to record pressures from the velopharynx to the upper esophagus at rest and during swallowing. The maximum values of the dry swallowing pressures at the velopharynx, mesohypopharynx, upper esophageal sphincter (UES), and distance from the nostril to each point of maximum values with and without the THM were measured.ResultsThe distance from the nostril to the UES was statistically shorter when swallowing with the THM than without the THM (paired t test, P = 0.009). The maximum pressure at UES was greater when swallowing with the THM than without the THM, although there was no statistically significant difference (paired t test, P = 0.051). There was no difference in the pressures and the distance between swallowing with or without the THM at any other site.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the THM may not have a potential to facilitate compensatory swallowing power when swallowing.
Quality of life in patients treated with PDMS injection for swallowing disorders
Authors: Molteni Gabriele , Ghidini Angelo , Bergamini Giuseppe , Alicandri‐Ciufelli Matteo , Mattioli Francesco , Luppi Maria Pia , Presutti Livio 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveTo document the efficacy of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) injections in patients with swallowing disorders after partial supracricoid laryngectomy; to assess the importance of quality‐of‐life (QOL) outcome in oncologic patients.Subjects and MethodsThe study included 11 patients with swallowing disorders after partial laryngectomy and appropriate rehabilitation. They were treated with endoscopic injection of PDMS; QOL was investigated with four questionnaires (M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory, Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer, Performance Karnofsky Scale, and Voice Handicap Index‐10) before and after surgical treatment and further rehabilitation.ResultsA significant improvement in QOL of all 11 patients was seen after endoscopic injection. The impact of this treatment on the social life of patients was considerable.ConclusionSwallowing disorders and speech problems are quite common complications of partial laryngectomy. QOL in oncologic patients is a mandatory outcome measure. PDMS injection showed an improvement in the everyday life of selected patients.
The effects of molar tooth involvement in mandibular angle fractures treated with rigid fixation
Authors: Ramakrishnan Jeevan , Shingleton Alexander , Reeves Dawn , Key J. Michael , Vural Emre 
Published: March 2009

ObjectiveTo determine whether the presence of a tooth in the line of mandibular angle fracture increases the incidence of complications and whether removing these teeth has an effect on complication rates.DesignCase series with chart review.Subjects and MethodsThe analysis was performed on 83 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for mandibular angle fractures. Lower molar teeth involved in the fracture line were extracted if they were loose, fractured, or grossly infected or prevented satisfactory reduction. Data regarding demographics, involvement of a molar tooth, management of the involved tooth, and postoperative outcome were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed by using likelihood ratio χ2 and logistic regression.ResultsThe revision surgery in fractures with molar tooth involvement was 28.9 percent, compared to 12.9 percent when no tooth was involved (P = 0.084). When a tooth was involved in the fracture, the revision surgery rate was 25 percent when it was removed and 30% when it was preserved (P = 0.734).ConclusionPostoperative complications, especially the revision surgery rates, may not increase by involvement of lower molar teeth in the fracture line and selective removal of these teeth by using commonly accepted guidelines may not decrease complication rates in angle fractures.
Financial revolution and economic modernisation in Sweden
Authors: Ögren Anders 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe development of a well-adapted financial system was a main part of the successful Swedish economic modernisation in the latter half of the nineteenth century. In this article it is shown that this development followed the pattern of a financial revolution. Major institutional and organisational changes that took place roughly between the late 1850s and early 1870s led to a rapid increase in liquidity and financial services. This financial revolution preceded the acceleration in economic growth in general and in the modern, industrial sector in particular. Monetisation especially encouraged growth, both in the industrial sector and in GDP as a whole. The basis of the financial system, measured as commercial bank assets and equity capital, affected overall GDP growth. The results also clearly promoted the importance of the development of the financial sector and monetisation as an interlinked and complementary process.
5 Why are stative‐active languages rare in Eurasia? A typological perspective on split‐subject marking
Authors: Nichols Johanna 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This chapter presents a lexical typological study of argument encoding for selected verb glosses across selected languages of Eurasia, the Pacific, and the Americas. Plotting the percentages of A- vs. O-coded Ss for the sample yields a continuum where ergative and accusative languages cluster towards opposite extremes and languages normally classified as semantically aligned fall in between.
6 Losing semantic alignment: from Proto‐Yeniseic to Modern Ket
Authors: Vajda Edward J. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Proto-Yeniseic possessed a type of semantic alignment whereby subject and object NPs were zero marked and most undergoer subjects generated verb-internal agreement. Modern Ket exhibits a more complex system of verb-internal subject-object marking involving several different patterns which defy simple semantic classification. This chapter traces this phenomenon diachronically.
15 Voice and transitivity in Guaraní
Authors: Velázquez‐castillo Maura 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This chapter shows that the closest equivalents to voice alternations in Guarani cut across the transitive divide and respond to spatial relations between events and event participants. The constructions at issue, previously labeled ‘reflexive/passive’ and ‘inverse’, are sensitive to viewpoint and levels of proximity between the predicate and its arguments within inactive situations, and to deviations from the default outward directionality of active events.
16 Agreement in two Arawak languages: Baure and Kurripako
Authors: Danielsen Swintha , Granadillo Tania 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This chapter discusses the agreement systems of two genetically and geographically disparate Arawak languages, Kurripako and Baure. While Kurripako exhibits semantic alignment, the differential treatment of Baure intransitive subjects relates to parts of speech. It is hypothesized, however, that the Baure system developed from one similar to that of Kurripako.
Measurement of Spaghetti Speck Count, Size, and Color Using an Automated Imaging System
Authors: Symons S. J. , Venora G. , Van Schepdael L. , Shahin M. A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAn objective imaging method was developed to count dark specks in spaghetti. The method simultaneously measured individual speck size and color and the overall color of the spaghetti. Spaghetti samples were prepared from durum wheat samples collected from the Prairie Registration Recommending Committee for Grains (PRRCG) durum wheat cooperative trials during four consecutive crop years from 2002 inclusive to 2005. Differences in speck counts were found between samples within each year. From year to year, the baseline for speck counts varied with the highest numbers in 2005 and the lowest numbers in 2004. For comparison, three technicians also counted the number of specks in each sample. These visual counts were not consistent between technicians or technician to the imaging method, supporting the need for this objective approach. Spaghetti speck counts did not relate to the speck counts of the semolina subsequently used to prepare the product. Speck sizes were consistent across samples and between years, indicating a consistent milling method for all the samples. Differences in speck count numbers could not be attributed to differences in speck color or pasta color. The imaging method gave very consistent speck counts and color measurements over the four years.
Flowability Properties of Commercial Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS)
Authors: Bhadra Rumela , Muthukumarappan K. , Rosentrater Kurt A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTDistillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), the major coproduct from the corn‐based fuel ethanol industry, is primarily used as livestock feed. Due to high protein, fiber, and energy contents, there is a high demand for DDGS. Flowability of DDGS is often hindered due the phenomenon of caking. Shipping and handling of DDGS has thus become a major issue due to bridge formation between the DDGS particles. The objective of this investigation was to measure flowability characteristics of DDGS samples from five ethanol plants in the north central region of the United States. Carr and Jenike tests were performed and the resulting data were mathematically compared with a previously developed empirical model. The largest particles had an average geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 1.19 mm, while the lowest particle size had an average GMD of 0.5 mm. Soluble solid levels were ≈10.5–14.8% (db). The effective angle of friction (δ) was 43.00–57.00°. Additionally, a few parameters exhibited fairly high linear correlations, including aerated and packed bulk densities (r = 0.97), geometric standard deviation and Carr compressibility (r = 0.71), geometric standard deviation and Hausner ratio (r = –0.70). Overall flowability assessment indicated that the commercial DDGS samples did have the potential for flow problems, although no samples exhibited complete bridging. Quantifying DDGS flowability is a necessary step toward overcoming this logistical challenge facing the fuel ethanol industry.
Effects of Suni Bug (Eurygaster spp.) Damage on Milling Properties and Semolina Quality of Durum Wheats (Triticum durum L.)
Authors: Koksel Hamit , Ozderen Tulin , Olanca Burcu , Ozay Dilek Sivri 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTEconomic losses due to suni‐bug (Eurygaster spp. and Aelia spp.) damage are important for the cereal industry in East European and Middle East countries. Samples of five durum wheat cultivars (Diyarbakir, Firat, Ege, Svevo, and Zenith) with zero, medium, and high levels of suni‐bug damage were used to determine the effects of suni‐bug damage on milling properties and semolina quality. As the damage level increased, semolina yields of all cultivars decreased significantly. The loss of semolina yield was greater than decreases in total yield of semolina plus flour, indicating that semolina yields were affected to a higher extent than were flour yields. The ash contents of the semolina samples increased significantly in all cultivars with increasing suni‐bug damage. The falling number values were not correlated with suni‐bug damage level and amylase activities of all samples were quite low. The pasting properties did not differ to a great extent depending on the suni‐bug damage level. Gluten quality of semolina samples substantially deteriorated as suni‐bug damage level increased, as determined by SDS‐sedimentation and mixograph analyses. It was concluded that suni‐bug damage would decrease profits of durum wheat millers substantially by affecting semolina yield and quality.