bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glomerular toxicity persists 10 years after ifosfamide treatment in childhood and is not predictable by age or dose
Authors: Skinner Roderick , Parry Annie , Price Lisa , Cole Michael , Craft Alan W. , Pearson Andrew D.J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundThis prospective longitudinal single institution cohort study evaluated the natural history of and risk factors for chronic nephrotoxicity 10 years after ifosfamide treatment in childhood.ProcedureTwenty‐five patients (16 males) treated with ifosfamide were investigated at end of treatment (End), 1 and 10 years later. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum phosphate (PO4) and bicarbonate (HCO3) and renal tubular threshold for phosphate (Tmp/GFR) were measured, and total nephrotoxicity score (Ns) graded.ResultsMore patients had a low GFR at 1 (72%) and 10 (50%) years than at End (26%) (P = 0.006 for End vs. 1 year). Electrolyte supplementation requirements for tubular toxicity resolved by 10 years (0% vs. 32% at End and 24% at 1 year; both P < 0.05). At 10 years, 17% of patients had moderate overall nephrotoxicity and 13% clinically significant reduction of GFR (<60 ml/min/1.73 m2). Neither dose nor age at treatment predicted any measure of toxicity at 10 years or reduced GFR at any timepoint. Higher cumulative ifosfamide dose correlated with greater tubular and overall nephrotoxicity at End and/or 1 year (P < 0.05 for each of PO4, HCO3, Tmp/GFR, Ns), but age at treatment did not differ between patients with normal or abnormal results.ConclusionsAlthough clinically significant tubular toxicity had resolved by 10 years, GFR was <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 in 13% of patients, raising concerns about very long‐term glomerular function. Higher cumulative dose was associated with greater tubular and overall toxicity at End and 1 year, but not at 10 years. Age at treatment did not predict nephrotoxicity at any timepoint. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:983–989 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extended phase I evaluation of vincristine, irinotecan, temozolomide, and antibiotic in children with refractory solid tumors
Authors: McNall‐Knapp René Y. , Williams Cydni N. , Reeves Elaine N. , Heideman Richard L. , Meyer William H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe combination of irinotecan, temozolomide, and vincristine is appealing because of potentially synergistic mechanisms of action and non‐overlapping toxicities. This phase I study was designed to determine the toxicity and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of escalating daily protracted doses of irinotecan given in this combination. With extended accrual, we more fully explored the toxicity of multiple courses at the MTD.ProcedurePatients under 22 years with recurrent or refractory solid tumors were eligible. A course of chemotherapy was given every 28 days. Cefpodoxime was given for diarrhea prophylaxis. Vincristine (1.5 mg/m2, max 2 mg) was given intravenously (IV) on days 1 and 8. Temozolomide (100 mg/m2/day) was given orally on days 1–5. Irinotecan was given IV over 1 hr on days 1–5 and 8–12. Dose escalation was done in the standard 3 + 3 cohort design, starting at 15 mg/m2/day.ResultsTwenty‐five of 26 eligible patients were evaluable for toxicity and response. They received 111 courses (1–13, median 4). Dose limiting toxicity (DLT—pancreatitis, transaminitis) was seen in two of three patients at dose level 2 (20 mg/m2). No patients at level 1 had DLT during the first two cycles. Thus, the MTD of irinotecan in this combination is 15 mg/m2/day × 10 doses. Hematologic toxicity was mild and not prolonged. Grade 3 diarrhea was seen in five courses. Responses included two complete and two partial with 12 stable disease (SD) (median 6 months).ConclusionsThis combination is safe and shows activity in pediatric patients with recurrent malignancy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:909–915 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myeloid leukaemia in children with down syndrome: Report of the registry‐based French experience between 1990 and 2003
Authors: Tandonnet Julie , Clavel Jacqueline , Baruchel André , Nacka Fabienne , Pérel Yves 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAimTo determine the epidemiology of myeloid leukaemia (ML) in children with Down syndrome (DS) and the efficacy of two approaches, low‐dose cytarabine‐based regimen (LDC) and standard‐dose intensive chemotherapy (SD).ProcedureAll children with Down syndrome aged from 2 months to 15 years with ML/myelodysplasia registered in the French registry between January 1990 and December 2003 were included.ResultsForty‐four patients were included. The median age was 1.75 years. The French–America–British subtypes were as follows: M7: 24, M0: 6, M2: 5, M6: 2. Forty‐three patients were treated with curative prospect, 20 patients with LDC regimen and 22 according to SD protocols, 1 was given the LDC regimen plus autologous stem‐cell transplantation. The event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) at 5 years were 64.4% and 76.8%. At 5 years, OS in LDC and SD groups were 65% and 85.9% (P = 0.08). EFS were 45% and 80.3% respectively (P < 0.01).ConclusionChildren with DS can adequately tolerate SD chemotherapy with a significant superiority of EFS relative to LDC. We suggest that higher levels of cure can be obtained in DS‐ML with SD chemotherapy including cytarabine and anthracyclines. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:927–933 © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of protease activity in serum samples of prostate carcinoma patients with metastases
Authors: Dekker Lennard J. M. , Burgers Peter C. , Charif Halima , van Rijswijk Angelique L. C. T. , Titulaer Mark K. , Jenster Guido , Bischoff Rainer , Bangma Chris H. , Luider Theo M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe present here the results from MS peptide profiling experiments of prostate carcinoma patients and controls with a specific focus on protease activity‐related protein fragments. After purification with surface‐active magnetic beads, MALDI‐TOF profiling experiments were performed on tryptic digests of serum samples of prostate cancer patients with metastases (n=27) and controls (n=30). This resulted in the reproducible detection of eight differentially expressed peptides, which were then identified by nanoLC‐MALDI‐TOF/TOF and confirmed by MALDI‐FTMS exact mass measurements. All differentially expressed peptides are derived from two homologous parts of human serum albumin; two of the eight peptides were tryptic and six were nontryptic. The presence of the nontryptic fragments indicates that a proteolysis process occurs which is not mediated by trypsin. Since the nontryptic fragments were found at significantly higher levels in control samples compared with metastases samples, it is proposed that a specific proteolytic inhibition process is in effect in the serum of prostate cancer patients. Experiments using synthetic peptides showed that this proteolytic activity occurs ex vivo and is sequence specific. Importantly, the observed prostate carcinoma‐related inhibition of the proteolysis was reproduced ex vivo using synthetic peptides.
Comparative proteome analysis of metabolic proteins from seeds of durum wheat (cv. Svevo) subjected to heat stress
Authors: Laino Paolo , Shelton Dale , Finnie Christine , De Leonardis Anna Maria , Mastrangelo Anna Maria , Svensson Birte , Lafiandra Domenico , Masci Stefania 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn Central and Southern Italy, where durum wheat represents one of the most widely cultivated crops, grain filling occurs during Spring, a period characterized by sudden increases in temperature. Wheat grain proteins are classified into albumins, globulins, and prolamins. The nonprolamin fractions include proteins with metabolic activity or structural function. In order to investigate the consequences of heat stress on the accumulation of nonprolamin proteins in mature durum wheat kernels, the Italian cultivar Svevo was subjected to two thermal regimes (heat stress versus control). The 2‐D patterns of nonprolamin proteins were monitored to identify polypeptides affected by heat stress during grain fill. This study shows that heat stress alters significantly the durum wheat seed proteome, although the changes range is only between 1.2‐ and 2.2‐fold. This analysis revealed 132 differentially expressed polypeptides, 47 of which were identified by MALDI‐TOF and MALDI‐TOF‐TOF MS and included HSPs, proteins involved in the glycolysis and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as stress‐related proteins. Many of the heat‐induced polypeptides are considered to be allergenic for sensitive individuals.
Conformational pathways of simple six‐membered rings
Authors: Stortz Carlos A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe conformational equilibria of cyclohexane (as well as its fluoro‐, chloro‐, methyl‐, hydroxy‐, and t‐butyl derivatives), cyclohexanone, piperidine, tetrahydropyran (and its 2‐hydroxy derivative) were studied by ab initio and DFT procedures. The transition states were calculated at HF/6‐31G, B3LYP/6‐31+G*, and B3LYP/6‐311+G** levels, whereas the intrinsic reaction coordinates (IRCs) were evaluated at the B3LYP/6‐31+G* level. The degree of puckering and energy data was nearly not basis set‐dependent (using B3LYP) in most of the cases. However, DFT methods gave better agreement with experimental data than HF methods, as expected from electron correlation inclusion. Fluorocyclohexane and 2‐hydroxytetrahydropyran showed the largest basis set‐energy dependence. It was found that the conversion from chair to skew is direct in some cases, whereas in others it goes through the pseudorotational (skew/boat) pathway. The case of t‐butylcyclohexane, with a skew form as stable as one of the chairs, is especially interesting. In this compound, as well as in cyclohexanone and 2‐hydroxytetrahydropyran, large deviations from the known pseudorotation/inversion scheme are observed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proton coupled electron transfer reaction of phenols with excited state ruthenium(II) – polypyridyl complexes
Authors: Swarnalatha K. , Rajkumar E. , Rajagopal S. , Ramaraj R. , Banu I. Sadhiya , Ramamurthy P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe reaction of phenols with the excited state, *[Ru(bpy)3]2+ (E0 = 0.76 V) and *[Ru(H2dcbpy)3]2+, (dcbpy = 4,4′‐dicarboxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine) (E0 = 1.55 V vs. SCE) complexes in CH3CN has been studied by luminescence quenching technique and the quenching is dynamic. The formation of phenoxyl radical as a transient is confirmed by its characteristic absorption at 400 nm. The kq value is highly sensitive to the change of pH of the medium and ΔG0 of the reaction. Based on the treatment of kq data in terms of energetics of the reaction and pH of the medium, proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism has been proposed for the reaction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationships between functional subclasses and information contained in active‐site and ligand‐binding residues in diverse superfamilies
Authors: Nagao Chioko , Nagano Nozomi , Mizuguchi Kenji 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTo investigate the relationships between functional subclasses and sequence and structural information contained in the active‐site and ligand‐binding residues (LBRs), we performed a detailed analysis of seven diverse enzyme superfamilies: aldolase class I, TIM‐barrel glycosidases, α/β‐hydrolases, P‐loop containing nucleotide triphosphate hydrolases, collagenase, Zn peptidases, and glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate, subunit 1, domain 1. These homologous superfamilies, as defined in CATH, were selected from the enzyme catalytic‐mechanism database. We defined active‐site and LBRs based solely on the literature information and complex structures in the Protein Data Bank. From a structure‐based multiple sequence alignment for each CATH homologous superfamily, we extracted subsequences consisting of the aligned positions that were used as an active‐site or a ligand‐binding site by at least one sequence. Using both the subsequences and full‐length alignments, we performed cluster analysis with three sequence distance measures. We showed that the cluster analysis using the subsequences was able to detect functional subclasses more accurately than the clustering using the full‐length alignments. The subsequences determined by only the literature information and complex structures, thus, had sufficient information to detect the functional subclasses. Detailed examination of the clustering results provided new insights into the mechanism of functional diversification for these superfamilies. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diterpene cyclases and the nature of the isoprene fold
Authors: Cao Rong , Zhang Yonghui , Mann Francis M. , Huang Cancan , Mukkamala Dushyant , Hudock Michael P. , Mead Matthew E. , Prisic Sladjana , Wang Ke , Lin Fu‐Yang , Chang Ting‐Kai , Peters Reuben J. , Oldfield Eric 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe structures and mechanism of action of many terpene cyclases are known, but no structures of diterpene cyclases have yet been reported. Here, we propose structural models based on bioinformatics, site‐directed mutagenesis, domain swapping, enzyme inhibition, and spectroscopy that help explain the nature of diterpene cyclase structure, function, and evolution. Bacterial diterpene cyclases contain ∼20 α‐helices and the same conserved “QW” and DxDD motifs as in triterpene cyclases, indicating the presence of a βγ barrel structure. Plant diterpene cyclases have a similar catalytic motif and βγ‐domain structure together with a third, α‐domain, forming an αβγ structure, and in H+‐initiated cyclases, there is an EDxxD‐like Mg2+/diphosphate binding motif located in the γ‐domain. The results support a new view of terpene cyclase structure and function and suggest evolution from ancient (βγ) bacterial triterpene cyclases to (βγ) bacterial and thence to (αβγ) plant diterpene cyclases. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
English field samples of Thrips tabaci show strong and ubiquitous resistance to deltamethrin
Authors: Foster Stephen P , Gorman Kevin , Denholm Ian 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, is a prevalent pest of glasshouse and field vegetables, such as leeks and salad onions. Pesticides are the main option for control, but this approach risks the evolution and spread of insecticide resistance. In the light of anecdotal reports in the United Kingdom of poor efficacy of pyrethroids against T. tabaci, thought to be primarily a consequence of resistance, the responses to deltamethrin of ten English samples of T. tabaci, collected from field leeks and salad onions in 2006, were measured to establish the level and prevalence of potential resistance to this compound.RESULTS: All the samples showed significant deltamethrin resistance that was comparable or slightly lower than the maximum level reported previously for T. tabaci from New Zealand.CONCLUSION: The mechanism(s) conferring deltamethrin resistance remain unknown at present but are likely to extend to other synthetic pyrethroids approved for use against this species. The findings suggest that these compounds are unlikely to give satisfactory control of T. tabaci in England and have stimulated the recommendation to use alternatives. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Spin properties of trions in a dense 2DEG
Authors: Kochereshko V. , Besombes L. , Mariette H. , Wojtowicz T. , Karczewski G. , Kossut J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractReflectivity and photoluminescence spectra from CdTe/CdMgTe modulation‐doped quantum well structures were studied. We have found that in reflectivity spectra the value and the sign of the Zeeman splitting of the trion lines depend on the electron concentration in the quantum well, whereas, the value and sign of the exciton line splitting are constant for all studied electron concentrations. On the other hand, in the photoluminescence spectra the sign and value of the Zeeman splitting are the same for trion and exciton. Such “renormalization” of the trion g‐factor is explained in the model of combined exciton–electron processes.
Excitonic polaritons in transverse magnetic fields
Authors: Loginov D.K. , Kochereshko V.P. , Cox R.T. , Besombes L. , Mariette H. , Davies J.J. , Wolverson D. , Smith L.C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractExciton‐polariton reflectivity of wide CdTe/CdZnTe quantum‐wells (with well widths exceeding by far the exciton Bohr radius) was measured in the Voigt geometry in a magnetic field. In a magnetic field, forbidden exciton lines were observed to appear for each exciton quantization level. The exciton diamagnetic shift constant was observed to decrease noticeably with increasing quantum number of the confined level. A comparison of calculated with experimental spectra reveals a growth of the exciton translational mass with increasing magnetic field. It has been shown that both the growth of mass and the decrease of the diamagnetic shift can be traced to mixing between exciton internal and translational motion states.
Determination of the band‐gap of MgS and MgS‐rich Zn1−xMgxSySe1−y alloys from optical transmission measurements
Authors: Davidson Ian A. , Moug Richard T. , Izdebski Frauke , Bradford Christine , Prior Kevin A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAs part of our development of an epitaxial lift‐off process, utilising a sacrificial magnesium sulphide (MgS) layer, we have developed a MgS‐rich ZnMgSSe alloy which provides excellent carrier confinement and resists both oxidation and acid attack. Here the optical transmission of the alloy has been measured and its bandgap determined as a direct transition at 4.19 ± 0.04 eV. Its composition has also been determined by X‐ray interference (XRI) and comparison with simulations. For a range of alloy samples we obtain compositions of the Zn1−xMgxSySe1−y layers which are (x, y) = (0.80 ± 0.02, 0.645 ± 0.025). Using the alloy bandgap and composition we have determined direct bandgap transition energy for MgS by extrapolation. This is found to be 4.78 ± 0.14 eV.
Clustering in a self‐assembled CdTe/ZnTe quantum dot plane revealed by inter‐dot coupling
Authors: Kazimierczuk T. , Golnik A. , Wojnar P. , Gaj J. A. , Kossacki P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe study probability of coupling between randomly distributed quantum dots (QDs) in self‐assembled CdTe/ZnTe heterostructures grown with different thicknesses of CdTe formation layer. Photoluminescence excitation spectra reveal a number of QD pairs involved in inter‐dot energy transfer. The statistics of dot pairs was collected at numerous spots of samples. It shows that the observed coupling is more frequent than that expected for a uniform random distribution of QDs.
Exciton magnetic polaron in CdMnSe/CdMgSe quantum wells
Authors: Godde T. , Reshina I.I. , Ivanov S.V. , Akimov I.A. , Yakovlev D.R. , Bayer M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe study exciton magnetic polaron (EMP) formation in (Cd,Mn)Se/(Cd,Mg)Se diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum wells (QWs) using time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL). Magnetic field dependence of the transients allows us to separate the non‐magnetic and magnetic contributions of the exciton localization. We find binding energy of 18 meV and formation time of 500 ps for the EMP. We propose that long polaron formation time is related to auto‐localization process, accompanied with the squeezing of the heavy‐hole envelope wave function. This conclusion is supported by a strong reduction of the exciton radiative lifetime from 600  to 200 ps with increase of magnetic field.
Sub‐ns electrical control of spin polarization in a semiconductor by microscale current loops
Authors: Chen Y. S. , Wiater M. , Karczewski G. , Wojtowicz T. , Bacher G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate a method to electrically control the spin polarization in a diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) quantum well (QW) on a micrometer length scale. A variable magnetic field generated from a microscale current loop atop a single CdMnTe/CdMgTe QW magnetizes the Mn2+ ion spins in the DMS QW and, via the sp–d exchange interaction, polarizes the spins of photon‐generated carriers. In the absence of an external field, the spin polarization can be switched on a time scale clearly below 1 ns.
Structural and optical properties of ZnSe‐based diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum‐well wire arrays by wet chemical etching
Authors: Muranaka Tsutomu , Iizuka Suguru , Hishikawa Masao , Kodama Kazuki , Ohmori Kenta , Nabetani Yoichi , Matsumoto Takashi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe ZnSe‐based mesa structures with well‐defined and smooth facets were successfully demonstrated by using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and wet chemical etching. The ZnSe structures were found to be bound by (111) and (‐1‐11) facets along the [‐110] direction, and bound by (1‐11) and (‐111) facets along the [110] direction, respectively. The intensities of the non‐polarized PL peaks from the [‐110]‐ and [110]‐oriented QWW structures were almost proportional to the unetched region and additional decreases were not observed. The PL peaks from the QWW structures were found to be highly polarized when the polarization angle was aligned parallel to the wire direction. The degrees of the linear polarization were 18% for the [‐110]‐oriented QWW structure and 26% for the [‐110]‐oriented QWW structure, respectively. The results of the PL and magneto‐PL measurements show no process‐induced damage to degrade magneto‐optical performance of the DMS structures by using this method. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nanocrystalline Ni3Al‐based alloys produced by mechanical alloying of Ni‐Al‐Co powders and consolidation
Authors: Antolak‐Dudka Anna , Krasnowski Marek , Kulik Tadeusz 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this work, preparation of nanocrystalline Ni3Al‐based alloys by mechanical alloying process followed by hot‐pressing consolidation is reported. Ni75Al20Co5 and Ni70Al25Co5 elemental powder mixtures were subjected to ball milling. Subsequently, the milling products were sintered at 1000 °C under a pressure of 7.7 GPa. The powders and the consolidated pellets were investigated by X‐ray diffraction. The results obtained show that the milling products were in both cases supersaturated solid solutions Ni(Al,Co) and that during the hot‐pressing consolidation they had transformed into nanocrystalline Ni3Al‐based intermetallic compounds. The microhardness of the produced Ni3Al‐based alloys is 918 HV0.1 in the case of Ni75Al20Co5 composition and 1033 HV0.1 in the second case. The density of compacted materials is close to the theoretical value and their open porosity is negligible. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tailoring mechanical properties of nano‐structured Eurofer 97 steel for fusion applications
Authors: Kozikowski Paweł M. , Krawczyńska Agnieszka T. , Kulczyk Mariusz , Lewandowska Małgorzata , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEUROFER 97 steel is a candidate structural material for future fusion reactors and Test Blanket Modules (TBMs). In the present work microstructure of Eurofer 97 was modified by hydrostatic extrusion in multi‐step process with total true strain exceeding 3. TEM observations showed that HE causes significant grain refinement from about 400 to 80 nm. This is accompanied by improvement of the tensile mechanical properties and microhardness. On the other hand, there is a clear decrease in the resistance to brittle fracture as measured in the Charpy impact tests. In order to improve strength/ductility/fracture toughness balance, the extruded samples were annealed for 1 hour at temperature range of 473‐1073K. The results obtained for samples after post‐extrusion annealing are discussed in terms of mechanical properties of Eurofer 97 steel. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)