bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity of flying beetles (Coleoptera) at two heights in canopy gaps and intact forests in a hardwood forest in Quebec
Authors: Schroeder Briana , Buddle Christopher M. , Saint-Germain Michel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe studied the effects of forest height and forest gap on assemblages of flying beetles in an American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. (Fagaceae) – sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh. (Aceraceae)) forest in Quebec. From June until August of 2005, beetles were collected in Lindgren funnel traps placed in the canopy (20–25 m height) and upper understorey (3–5 m height) in proximity to five forest gaps (15–30 m in diameter) (at the edge of the forest opening or within the closed-canopy forest). We collected 1852 beetles representing 38 families and 172 species. Based on rarefaction curves, species richness was significantly higher in the canopy than in the upper understorey. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination revealed a change in species composition in relation to vertical stratification but not to the forest gaps. Our findings confirmed the importance of the vertical forest gradient to overall diversity of forest coleopterans.
Dasineura plicatrix (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): a recent introduction into North America
Authors: Sinclair Bradley J. , Mann Jasbir , Elmhirst Janice , Grogan Tammas , Ashekian Caroline , Hueppelsheuser Tracy 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe first record of a European blackberry leaf gall midge, Dasineura plicatrix (Loew), is confirmed from North America. Specimens were reared from damaged leaves of blackberry, Rubus laciniatus Willd. (thornless variety ‘Chester’), and red raspberry, R. idaeus L. (variety ‘Cascade Delight’) (Rosaceae), in southwestern British Columbia. Photographs of the damage and illustrations of the male terminalia and female ovipositor are presented to assist future determinations.
Transport of fungal symbionts by mountain pine beetles
Authors: Bleiker K.P. , Potter S.E. , Lauzon C.R. , Six D.L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe perpetuation of symbiotic associations between bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and ophiostomatoid fungi requires the consistent transport of fungi by successive beetle generations to new host trees. We used scanning electron microscopy and culture methods to investigate fungal transport by the mountain pine beetle (MPB), Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins. MPB transports its two main fungal associates, Grosmannia clavigera (Robinson-Jeffrey and Davidson) Zipfel, de Beer and Wingfield and Ophiostoma montium (Rumbold) von Arx, in sac-like mycangia on the maxillary cardines as well as on the exoskeleton. Although spores of both species of fungi were observed on MPB exoskeletons, often in pits, O. montium spores were generally more abundant than G. clavigera spores. However, a general scarcity of spores of either species on MPB exoskeletons compared with numbers on scolytines that lack sac-like mycangia indicates that fungal transport exteriorly on MPBs is incidental rather than adaptive. Conidia were the dominant spore type transported regardless of location or species; however, our results suggest that once acquired in mycangia, conidia may reproduce in a yeast-like form and even produce hypha-like strands and compact conidiophore-like structures. Fungi that propagate in mycangia may provide beetles with a continual source of inocula during the extended egg-laying period.
Identification, distribution, and molecular characterization of the apple aphids Aphis pomi and Aphis spiraecola (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Aphidinae)
Authors: Foottit R.G. , Lowery D.T. , Maw H.E.L. , Smirle M.J. , Lushai G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMorphometric techniques, DNA mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) barcoding, and microsatellite flanking region sequences were used to assess the reliability of suggested morphological characters in distinguishing the green apple aphid (Aphis pomi De Geer) from the spirea aphid (Aphis spiraecola Patch), and to assess variation within these species. Both molecular approaches clearly distinguished two groups corresponding to the morphologically defined species. Differences in the length of the distal rostral segment and the number of lateral tubercles were found to be robust indicators of species membership, performing as well as multivariate approaches. Among A. pomi samples, microsatellite flanking region sequences were relatively uniform, whereas A. spiraecola exhibited much variability, which suggests that North American populations of the latter species are genetically much more complex.
On the Geometry ofp-Typical Covers in Characteristicp
Authors: Kedlaya Kiran S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractForpa prime, ap-typical cover of a connected scheme on whichp= 0 is a finite étale cover whose monodromy group (i.e.,the Galois group of its normal closure) is ap-group. The geometry of such covers exhibits some unexpectedly pleasant behaviors; building on work of Katz, we demonstrate some of these. These include a criterion for when a morphism induces an isomorphism of thep-typical quotients of the étale fundamental groups, and a decomposition theorem forp-typical covers of polynomial rings over an algebraically closed field.
Boundary Structure of Hyperbolic 3-Manifolds Admitting Annular and Toroidal Fillings at Large Distance
Authors: Lee Sangyop , Teragaito Masakazu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFor a hyperbolic 3-manifold M with a torus boundary component, all but finitely many Dehn fillings yield hyperbolic 3-manifolds. In this paper, we will focus on the situation where M has two exceptional Dehn fillings: an annular filling and a toroidal filling. For such a situation, Gordon gave an upper bound of 5 for the distance between such slopes. Furthermore, the distance 4 is realized only by two specific manifolds, and 5 is realized by a single manifold. These manifolds all have a union of two tori as their boundaries. Also, there is a manifold with three tori as its boundary which realizes the distance 3. We show that if the distance is 3 then the boundary of the manifold consists of at most three tori.
Furstenberg Transformations and Approximate Conjugacy
Authors: Lin Huaxin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLet α and β be two Furstenberg transformations on 2-torus associated with irrational numbers θ1, θ2, integers d1, d2 and Lipschitz functions f1 and f2. It is shown that α and β are approximately conjugate in ameasure theoretical sense if (and only if) θ1 ± θ2 = 0 in R/Z. Closely related to the classification of simple amenable C*-algebras, it is shown that α and β are approximately K-conjugate if (and only if) θ1 ± θ2 = 0 in R/Z and |d1| = |d2|. This is also shown to be equivalent to the condition that the associated crossed product C*-algebras are isomorphic.
Amibes de sommes d’exponentielles
Authors: Silipo James 
Published: November 2009

RésuméL’objectif de cet article est d’étudier la notion d’amibe au sens de Favorov pour les systèmes finis de sommes d’exponentielles à fréquences réelles et de montrer que, sous des hypothèses de généricité sur les fréquences, le complémentaire de l’amibe d’un système de (k+1) sommes d’exponentielles à fréquences réelles est un sous-ensemble k-convexe au sens d’Henriques.
Transfert des intègrales orbitales pour les algèbres de Lie classiques
Authors: Bernon Florent 
Published: November 2009

RésuméDans cet article, on considère un groupe semi-simple $G$ classique réel et connexe. On suppose de plus que $G$ possède un sous-groupe de Cartan compact. On définit une famille de sous-algèbres de Lie associée à $\mathfrak{g}=\text{Lie(G)}$, de même rang que g dont tous les facteurs simples sont de rang 1 ou 2. Soit $\mathfrak{g}'$ une telle sous-algèbre de Lie. On construit alors une application de transfert des intégrales orbitales de $\mathfrak{g}'$ dans l’espace des intégrales orbitales de $\mathfrak{g}$. On montre que cette application est définie dès que $\mathfrak{g}$ne possède pas de facteur simple réel de type CI de rang supérieur ouégal à 3. Si de plus, $\mathfrak{g}$ ne possède pas de facteur simple de type BI de rang supérieur à 3, on montre la surjectivité de cette application de transfert.On utilise cette application de transfert pour obtenir une formule de réduction de l’intégrale de Cauchy Harish-Chandra pour les paires duales d’algèbres de Lie réductives $(U(p,q),U(r,s))$ et $(Sp(p,q),{{O}^{*}}(2n))$ avec $p+q=r+s=n$.
Examples of Calabi–Yau 3-Folds of ℙ7 with ρ = 1
Authors: Bertin Marie-Amélie 
Published: November 2009

Abstract. We give some examples of Calabi–Yau 3-folds with $\rho =1$ and $\rho =2$, defined over $\mathbb{Q}$ and constructed as 4-codimensional subvarieties of ${{\mathbb{P}}^{7}}$ via commutative algebra methods. We explain how to deduce their Hodge diamond and top Chern classes from computer based computations over some finite field ${{\mathbb{F}}_{p}}$. Three of our examples (of degree 17 and 20) are new. The two others (degree 15 and 18) are known, and we recover their well-known invariants with ourmethod. These examples are built out of Gulliksen–Neg°ard and Kustin–Miller complexes of locally free sheaves.Finally, we give two new examples of Calabi–Yau 3-folds of ${{\mathbb{P}}^{6}}$ of degree 14 and 15 (defined over $\mathbb{Q}$). We show that they are not deformation equivalent to Tonoli's examples of the same degree, despite the fact that they have the same invariants $({{H}^{3}},{{c}_{2}}.H,{{c}_{3}})$ and $\rho =1$.
Invariant Einstein Metrics on Some Homogeneous Spaces of Classical Lie Groups
Authors: Arvanitoyeorgos Andreas , Dzhepko V. V. , Nikonorov Yu. G. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract A Riemannian manifold (M, ρ) is called Einstein if the metric ρ satisfies the condition Ric(ρ) = c · ρ for some constant c. This paper is devoted to the investigation of G-invariant Einstein metrics, with additional symmetries, on some homogeneous spaces G/H of classical groups. As a consequence, we obtain new invariant Einstein metrics on some Stiefel manifolds SO(n)/SO(l). Furthermore, we show that for any positive integer p there exists a Stiefelmanifold SO(n)/SO(l) that admits at least p SO(n)-invariant Einstein metrics.
Uniqueness of Shalika Models
Authors: Nien Chufeng 
Published: November 2009

Abstract Let 𝔽q be a finite field of q elements, 𝓕 a p-adic field, and D a quaternion division algebra over 𝓕. This paper proves uniqueness of Shalika models for GL2n(𝔽q) and GL2n(D), and re-obtains uniqueness of Shalika models for GL2n(𝔽q) and GL2n(D), and re-obtains uniqueness of Shalika models for GL2n (𝓕) for any n ∈ ℕ.
Simultaneous Polynomial Approximations of the Lerch Function
Authors: Rivoal Tanguy 
Published: November 2009

Abstract We construct bivariate polynomial approximations of the Lerch function that for certain specialisations of the variables and parameters turn out to be Hermite–Padé approximants either of the polylogarithms or ofHurwitz zeta functions. In the former case, we recover known results, while in the latter the results are new and generalise some recent works of Beukers and Prévost. Finally, we make a detailed comparison of our work with Beukers’. Such constructions are useful in the arithmetical study of the values of the Riemann zeta function at integer points and of the Kubota–Leopold p-adic zeta function.
On a Class of Landsberg Metrics in Finsler Geometry
Authors: Shen Zhongmin 
Published: November 2009

Abstract In this paper, we study a long existing open problem on Landsberg metrics in Finsler geometry. We consider Finsler metrics defined by a Riemannian metric and a 1-form on a manifold. We show that a regular Finsler metric in this form is Landsbergian if and only if it is Berwaldian. We further show that there is a two-parameter family of functions, ɸ = ɸ(s), for which there are a Riemannian metric 𝜶 and a 1-form ᵦ on a manifold M such that the scalar function F = 𝜶ɸ(ᵦ/𝜶) on TM is an almost regular Landsberg metric, but not a Berwald metric.
Stable Discrete Series Characters at Singular Elements
Authors: Spallone Steven 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWrite for the stable discrete series character associated with an irreducible finite-dimensional representation E of a connected real reductive group G. Let M be the centralizer of the split component of a maximal torus T, and denote by Arthur’s extension of . In this paper we give a simple explicit expression for when γ is elliptic in G. We do not assume γ is regular.
Integral Representation for U3 × GL2
Authors: Wambach Eric 
Published: November 2009

Abstract Gelbart and Piatetskii-Shapiro constructed various integral representations of Rankin–Selberg type for groups G×GLn, where G is of split rank n. Here we show that their method can equally well be applied to the product U3 × GL2, where U3 denotes the quasisplit unitary group in three variables. As an application, we describe which cuspidal automorphic representations of U3 occur in the Siegel induced residual spectrum of the quasisplit U4.
Photo‐induced Charge Transfer and Relaxation of Persistent Charge Carriers in Polymer/Nanocrystal Composites for Applications in Hybrid Solar Cells
Authors: Heinemann Marc Daniel , von Maydell Karsten , Zutz Folker , Kolny‐Olesiak Joanna , Borchert Holgert , Riedel Ingo , Parisi Jürgen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe photo‐induced charge transfer and the dynamics of persistent charge carriers in blends of semiconducting polymers and nanocrystals are investigated. Regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is used as the electron donor material, while the acceptor moiety is established by CdSe nanocrystals (nc‐CdSe) prepared via colloidal synthesis. As a reference system, organic blends of P3HT and [6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are studied as well. The light‐induced charge transfer between P3HT and the acceptor materials is studied by photoluminescence (PL), photo‐induced absorption (PIA) and light‐induced electron spin resonance spectroscopy (LESR). Compared to neat P3HT samples, both systems show an intensified formation of polarons in the polymer upon photo‐excitation, pointing out successful separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Additionally, relaxation of the persistent charge carriers is investigated, and significant differences are found between the hybrid composite and the purely organic system. While relaxation, reflected in the transient signal decay of the polaron signal, is fast in the organic system, the hybrid blends exhibit long‐term persistence. The appearance of a second, slow recombination channel indicates the existence of deep trap states in the hybrid system, which leads to the capture of a large fraction of charge carriers. A change of polymer conformation due to the presence of nc‐CdSe is revealed by low temperature LESR measurements and microwave saturation techniques. The impact of the different recombination behavior on the photovoltaic efficiency of both systems is discussed.
Solvent‐Resistant PDMS Microfluidic Devices with Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Polymer Coatings
Authors: Kim Bo‐Yeol , Hong Lan‐Young , Chung Young‐Min , Kim Dong‐Pyo , Lee Chang‐Soo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study presents a method for the fabrication of solvent‐resistant poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic devices by coating the microfluidic channel with a hybrid inorganic/organic polymer (HR4). This modification dramatically increases the resistance of PDMS microfluidic channels to various solvents, because it leads to a significant reduction in the rate of solvent absorption and consequent swelling. The compatibility of modified PDMS with a wide range of solvents is investigated by evaluating the swelling ratio measured through weight changes in a standard block. The HR4‐modified PDMS microfluidic device can be applied to the formation of water‐in‐oil (W/O) and oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions. The generation of organic solvent droplets with high monodispersity in the microfluidic device without swelling problems is demonstrated. The advantage of this proposed method is that it can be used to rapidly fabricate microfluidic devices using the bulk properties of PDMS, while also increasing their resistance to various organic solvents. This high compatibility with a variety of solvents of HR4‐modified PDMS can expand the application of microfluidic systems to many research fields.
Brief communication: The distribution of perikymata on Qafzeh anterior teeth
Authors: Guatelli‐Steinberg Debbie , Reid Donald J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that Neandertals and modern humans differ in the distribution of perikymata (enamel growth increments) over their permanent anterior tooth crowns. In modern humans, perikymata become increasingly more compact toward the cervix than they do in Neandertals. Previous studies have suggested that a more homogeneous distribution of perikymata, like that of Neandertals, characterizes the anterior teeth of Homo heidelbergensis and Homo erectus as well. Here, we investigated whether Qafzeh anterior teeth (N = 14) differ from those of modern southern Africans, northern Europeans, and Alaskans (N = 47–74 depending on tooth type) in the percentage of perikymata present in their cervical halves. Using the normally distributed modern human values for each tooth type, we calculated Z‐scores for the 14 Qafzeh teeth. All but two of the 14 Qafzeh teeth had negative Z‐scores, meaning that values equal to these would be found in the bottom 50% of the modern human samples. Seven of the 14 would be found in the lowest 5% of the modern human distribution. Qafzeh teeth therefore appear to differ from those of modern humans in the same direction that Neandertals do: with generally lower percentages of perikymata in their cervical regions. The similarity between them appears to represent the retention of a perikymata distribution pattern present in earlier members of the genus Homo, but not generally characteristic of modern humans from diverse regions of the world. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gleaning signals about the past from cemetery data
Authors: Sattenspiel Lisa , Stoops Melissa 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCemetery headstones provide an easily accessible source of demographic data in human populations. In common with other sources of demographic data, such as skeletal samples, cemetery data may not be representative of the populations from which they were derived. In some circumstances they can be reasonably representative, however, and in such cases they may provide signals about demographic changes in the population that contributed to the cemetery. We present here analyses of burials occurring between 1900 and 1990 at the Columbia Cemetery in Columbia, Missouri. Our analyses, in combination with archival materials relating to infrastructure improvements in Columbia and data on infectious disease mortality in the state of Missouri, show that patterns of death observed in the cemetery data provide evidence for the timing of changes in the health of Columbia's residents. At the time that major improvements in sanitation and hygiene were implemented, burials of individuals dying under age 45 decreased significantly while burials of individuals older than 45 remained relatively high. Furthermore, data on infectious disease mortality indicate significant declines in deaths from water‐ and milk‐borne infections, but no change in mortality from respiratory illnesses. These data also indicate that observed changes occurred about a decade later in Columbia than in large cities and more densely populated states elsewhere in the United States. Thus, this study illustrates the value of cemetery data in helping to fill gaps about how and when different events known to affect patterns of birth and death may have played out across time and space. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the relationship of dental microwear to dental macrowear
Authors: Schmidt Christopher W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDental microwear analysts have demonstrated that hard diets leave numerous microscopic pits on occlusal surfaces. The relationship between occlusal pitting and gross macrowear, however, is not well known. The current study seeks to elucidate the relationship between dental microwear and macrowear by determining if microscopically pitted teeth are associated with greater expressions of macrowear. This study examined microwear and macrowear on mandibular second molars from 60 prehistoric adult Native Americans representing three dietary regimes (foraging, mixed economy, and agriculture). Initially, two dental microwear feature variables were studied: percentage of pits and mean scratch width. Standard macrowear scores ranged from 4 to 40. ANOVAs suggested that neither of the microwear variables was affected by age or sex, but age affected macrowear scores. Because of this, the sample had a balanced number of young and old adults (i.e., those below and above skeletal age 35). A Pearson's correlation showed no covariation between scratch width and the percentage of pits. Regression analysis indicated that macrowear was not a function of the percentage of pits. However, a significant positive relationship was found between dental macrowear and scratch width. A post priori test found a significant negative relationship between macrowear and the total number of scratches. It is concluded, then, that wide scratches remove more enamel and dentin than do numerous pits, although both cause dental wear. It is suggested here that the term “abrasive” be used to describe those microwear profiles that lead to heavy macrowear and have relatively wide scratches. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Olfactory epithelium amyloid‐β and paired helical filament‐tau pathology in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Arnold Steven E. , Lee Edward B. , Moberg Paul J. , Stutzbach Lauren , Kazi Hala , Han Li‐Ying , Lee Virginia M. Y. , Trojanowski John Q. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveOlfactory dysfunction is common in Alzheimer disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Paired helical filament (PHF)‐tau, α‐synuclein, and amyloid‐β lesions occur early and severely in cerebral regions of the olfactory system, and they have also been observed in olfactory epithelium (OE). However, their frequency, abundance, and disease specificity, and the relationships of OE pathology to brain pathology have not been established.MethodsWe investigated the pathological expression of amyloid‐β, PHFtau, α‐synuclein, and TDP‐43 in postmortem OE of 79 cases with AD, 63 cases with various other neurodegenerative diseases, and 45 neuropathologically normal cases.ResultsAmyloid‐β was present as punctate and small patchy aggregates in 71% of AD cases, compared with 22% of normal cases and 14% of cases with other diseases, and in greater amounts in AD than in either of the other 2 diagnostic categories. PHFtau was evident in dystrophic neurites in 55% of cases with AD, 34% with normal brains, and 39% with other neurodegenerative diseases, also at higher densities in AD. α‐Synuclein was present in dystrophic neurites in 7 cases, 6 of which also had cerebral Lewy bodies. Pathological TDP‐43 inclusions were not observed in the OE in any cases. Amyloid‐β and to a lesser degree, PHFtau ratings in OE significantly correlated with cortical Aβ and PHFtau lesion ratings in the brain.InterpretationThese data demonstrate that AD pathology in the OE is present in the majority of cases with pathologically verified AD and correlates with brain pathology. Future work may assess the utility of amyloid‐β and PHFtau measurement in OE as a biomarker for AD. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:462–469