bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential distribution and relative abundance of an invasive cereal crop pest, Oulema melanopus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in Canada
Authors: Olfert O. , Weiss R.M. , Woods S. , Philip H. , Dosdall L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus L., is an invasive pest insect of small grain cereal crops, particularly oat, wheat, and barley. The first report of cereal leaf beetle populations in North America came from Michigan in 1962. Surveys indicate that populations have become established throughout eastern North America from Ontario to Alabama and in northwestern North America from Utah to southern British Columbia. The establishment of O. melanopus in western North America has raised concern that its presence is a potential risk to the Canadian cereal industry, especially in the prairie ecozone of western Canada, where up to 10 million hectares of cereal crops are grown annually. Field surveys to date have indicated that O. melanopus has not yet become established in this region. A CLIMEX™ model for O. melanopus in North America was developed, based on climate and ecological parameters, and validated with actual distribution records. The actual distribution of O. melanopus in eastern North America matched the predicted distribution well. The model predicts that, once introduced, O. melanopus would readily survive in the cereal-growing areas of western Canada and present a significant risk to cereal production. The potential for establishment of O. melanopus in the prairie ecozone of western Canada substantiates the efforts by regulatory agencies to prevent accidental introduction of this pest species.
Review of the genus Pandeleteius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of northern South America and the Lesser Antilles
Authors: Howden Anne T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFauna of the genus Pandeleteius Schoenherr of Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Lesser Antilles are revised in part. Six new species of Pandeleteius are described: P. trinidadensissp. nov. (P. angustirostris species group); P. sabanaensissp. nov. and P. bolivarisp. nov. (P. campestris species group, new concept); P. guriensissp. nov. and P. ductilissp. nov. (P. candidus species group, new concept); and P. clarkisp. nov. (P. modestus species group). The P. kirschi species group (new concept) is redefined based on male and female genitalia, and P. testaceipes Hustache is added to the species group. The other sex is described for three species formerly known from only one sex: the male of P. candidus Howden, male of P. arcanus Howden, and female of P. liberalis Howden. New findings on the post-pupal growth and morphology of the male and female genitalia are applied to the group- and species-level taxonomy. The key to the Pandeleteius species of Venezuela and Colombia is revised to include all the original species groups and subsequent changes, as well as all new taxa.
DNA fingerprinting of tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) and their respective egg masses using PCR – restriction fragment profiling
Authors: Iranpour M. , Schurko A.M. , Klassen G.R. , Galloway T.D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction and subsequent restriction fragment profiling analysis were used to associate collected tabanid egg masses with their respective species of adult horse flies and deer flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Manitoba, Canada. The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) intergenic spacer between the 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA genes was used successfully to differentiate 34 species of adult tabanids representing five genera: Atylotus (1 sp.), Chrysops (10 spp.), Haematopota (1 sp.), Hybomitra (17 spp.), and Tabanus (5 spp.). rDNA was a suitable molecular target for identifying tabanid species because of the high level of interspecific variation when comparing fragment profiles among different species, and the corresponding minimal intraspecific variation among individuals of the same species. Restriction fragment profiles from 56 field-collected tabanid egg masses were compared with those previously obtained from adults of known species. Egg masses of five species were identified: Hybomitra lasiophthalma (Macquart), Hybomitra nitidifrons nuda (McDunnough), Chrysops aestuans van der Wulp, Chrysops excitans Walker, and Chrysops mitis Osten Sacken. We also provide physical descriptions of these tabanid egg masses along with pictures.
Combination of protein-rich pea flour and pea extract with insecticides and enzyme inhibitors for control of stored-product beetles
Authors: Hou Xingwei , Fields Paul , Taylor Wes 
Published: April 2009

AbstractProtein-rich pea flour and its extract are toxic to stored-product beetles and, at a concentration of 0.1%, can control these insects in a granary. To reduce the concentration of protein-rich pea flour needed to control stored-product beetles, natural products or currently used grain protectants (diatomaceous earth, neem, Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner), malathion, and pyrethrum) were mixed with protein-rich pea flour in wheat. Mixtures were tested against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae). Neem and protein-rich pea flour acted synergistically against T. castaneum. Malathion and protein-rich pea flour acted synergistically against S. oryzae. Protein-rich pea flour combined with diatomaceous earth or pyrethrum acted additively against S. oryzae. All other combinations acted antagonistically. An extract from protein-rich pea flour reduced feeding of S. oryzae, and three enzyme inhibitors, piperonyl butoxide, profenofos, and diethyl maleate, were tested for their possible synergistic effects on feeding deterrence and mortality. Piperonyl butoxide and pea extract had additive effects, and diethyl maleate had no effect on the feeding and mortality of insects. Profenofos alone killed all insects in 3 days. The flour consumption of S. oryzae was positively correlated with LT50 (time to 50% mortality) in flour disks treated with pea extract.
Larvae of theGonioctenasubgenusSpartoxena: description of mature larvae ofG. leprieuriandG. aegrota(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)
Authors: Baselga Andrés , Novoa Francisco 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMature larvae ofGonioctena leprieuri(Pic) andGonioctena aegrota(Fabricius) are described and illustrated for the first time, based on specimens collected onGenistaspp. (Fabaceae) in Spain. A key to known larvae of subgenusSpartoxenaMotschulsky is provided. Diagnostic characters for the identification of species within this subgenus are shape of labrum, arrangement of microtrichia of epipharynx, shape of tarsal claws, and numbers of tubercles on abdominal segments. Notes on distributions and host plants are provided.
Redescription of the genusCreochara(Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Aleocharini) and its systematic position
Authors: Maruyama Munetoshi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe genusCreocharaCameron is redescribed, and one species,C. brevipennis(Bernhauer), is recognized in the genus. The systematic position of the genus is discussed, and it is placed in theTetrastictagenus group in the tribe Aleocharini. The genus group is characterized by the presence of a sternopleural suture and its monophyly is supported by the elongate antennomere I, the development of the metasternal process, and the wide separation of the mesocoxal cavities.Tetrasticta bicolor(Cameron)comb. nov.andTetrasticta bryanti(Cameron)comb. nov.are excluded from the genusCreocharaand redescribed.
Mancozeb resistance patterns amongKampimodromus aberransandTyphlodromus pyri(Acari: Phytoseiidae) strains from French vineyards
Authors: Auger Philippe , Bonafos Romain , Kreiter Serge 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLaboratory bioassays were carried out on two species of phytoseiid mites to investigate their resistance to the fungicide mancozeb. Susceptible and suspected resistant strains ofKampimodromus aberrans(Oudemans) andTyphlodromus pyriScheuten were tested. Mancozeb resistance factors were low to moderate: they reached 6.3 and 11.7 forK. aberransandT. pyri, respectively. Intrinsic toxicity of mancozeb was approximately 5–10-fold more pronounced in females ofK. aberransthan in females ofT. pyri. The female susceptibility pattern of the most resistant strain ofK. aberranswas quite close to that of the most susceptible strain ofT. pyri. The LC50values for the most resistant strains ofK. aberransandT. pyriwere 4.6 and 43 times higher, respectively, than the maximum field application rate of mancozeb recommended for control of downy mildew in vineyards. Using a diagnostic concentration, a limited survey in vine plots indicated that most of theK. aberransstrains we tested were susceptible to mancozeb, but a few consisted of both resistant and susceptible individuals. All strains ofT. pyricollected in Burgundy were susceptible. Half of theT. pyristrains from Bordeaux were susceptible and the other half were mixed populations of resistant and susceptible individuals.
Twig beetles,Pityophthorusspp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), as vectors of the pitch canker pathogen in California
Authors: Storer Andrew J. , Wood David L. , Gordon Thomas R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwig beetles in the genusPityophthorusEichhoff are known to be associated with the pitch canker pathogen,Fusarium circinatum, in California. Phoresy of the pathogen on these species has been reported to occur when insects emerge from diseased branches and when they infest disease-free, cut branch tips. To demonstrate that twig beetles can vector the pathogen, studies of phoresy and transmission were conducted in a native Monterey pine,Pinus radiataD. Don (Pinaceae), forest. Phoresy was confirmed for bothPityophthorus setosusBlackman andPityophthorus carmeliSwaine, andP. setosuswas shown to vector the pitch canker pathogen when contaminated with fungal spores and caged onto Monterey pine branches. When attractive baits were used to increase visitation to Monterey pines byP. setosus, baited trees were more likely to develop pitch canker than unbaited trees even though the beetles did not tunnel into the host to develop egg galleries. Therefore, twig beetles are competent as vectors of the pitch canker pathogen, and their vectoring activity, though requiring a wound, does not require that they establish egg galleries in the host.
Molecular identification of the swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Frey Juerg E. , Frey Beatrice , Baur Robert 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEarly detection of pest infestation is a prerequisite for sustainable crop protection. However, many pest species are difficult to detect and thus infestation is diagnosed from damage observed on the respective crop. This diagnosis is often made too late for implementation of crop protection measures, and serious crop losses may result. The swede midge,Contarinia nasturtiiKieffer, is a major pest ofBrassicaL. (Brassicaceae) vegetables in Europe that has recently invaded North America. With its small size and short adult life-span, and the cryptic lifestyle of the larvae feeding at the growing points of its host plants, it is usually detected only after damage has already occurred. Furthermore, because field-trapped specimens are rarely fully intact, it is extremely difficult to identify. Therefore, we developed a species-specific molecular diagnostic method that enables reliable identification of swede midge from various sources such as alcohol or sticky glue traps. The method enables large-scale screening of field-trapped specimens and is used to evaluate the attractiveness and specificity of pheromone traps that are currently under development.
The New World fauna of the genus Pseudonapomyza (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
Authors: Boucher Stéphanie 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe New World species of Pseudonapomyza Hendel are reviewed. Only two species of the genus were previously known to occur in the Nearctic region: P. atra (Meigen) and P. lacteipennis (Malloch). Pseudonapomyza europaea Spencer and P. asiatica Spencer are here recorded for the first time in the Nearctic region and P. asiatica is recorded for the first time in Costa Rica and Venezuela. A key is provided to identify the four known New World species of Pseudonapomyza.
Causes of variation in body size and consequences for the life history of Sitodiplosis mosellana
Authors: Smith M.A.H. , Lamb R.J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe body sizes of mature larvae and adults from field and laboratory populations of the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), were measured to determine possible causes of variation in size and consequences of such variation through the life history. Mature larvae varied eightfold in mass. Female larvae were 80% heavier than males, on average. Variation in mass was associated with both the position of larvae on a wheat spike and the number feeding together on a developing seed. Larvae were 9% smaller when they developed on smaller, later developing seeds and 15%–18% smaller when they competed with five other larvae on an average-sized seed. Fewer small larvae survived winter. Larval density per infested seed increased with number of larvae per spike, suggesting that larval size may have density-dependent population effects. Small larvae produced few adults of Macroglenes penetrans (Kirby) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), an egg parasitoid that overwinters as a larva in the third larval instar of S. mosellana. These effects were probably due to size, but sex may also have been a factor. The size of adults, measured by wing and abdomen length, was also variable, although less so than the size of larvae. Adult size was not associated with time of emergence and both large and small females dispersed, but female fecundity (4–105 mature eggs per individual) increased with body size.
Rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in red spruce stands, eastern Canada: diversity, abundance, and descriptions of new species
Authors: Klimaszewski Jan , Sweeney Jon , Price Jessica , Pelletier Georges 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRove beetle species and their pitfall trap abundance were studied in red spruce (Picea rubensSarg.; Pinaceae) stands in the Acadia Research Forest, New Brunswick, Canada, in 1999. The study yielded over 5000 specimens representing 134 species in 11 subfamilies of Staphylinidae. Of these, 58 species represent new distribution records for New Brunswick (NPR), including 15 new distribution records for Canada (NCR), 6 new species, and 4 synonyms, as follows: Omaliinae, 3 species; Proteininae,Proteinus pseudothomasiKlimaszewskisp. nov.(NCR, NPR) andP. acadiensisKlimaszewskisp. nov.(NCR, NPR); Tachyporinae, 3 species; Trichophyinae, 1 species; Aleocharinae, 33 species, includingAtheta capsularisKlimaszewskisp. nov.,A. brunswickensisKlimaszewskisp. nov.,A. pseudocrenuliventrisKlimaszewskisp. nov.,Oxypoda lacustrisCasey (NPR) [=O. bradorensisLohsesyn. nov.,O. egestosaCaseysyn. nov.,O. lassulaCaseysyn. nov., andO. optivaCaseysyn. nov.], andPella gesneriKlimaszewskisp. nov.; Oxytelinae, 3 species; Paederinae, 3 species; and Staphylininae, 10 species. The new species or known species representing new records for Canada are presented here with a short diagnosis, habitus images, and genital illustrations to help with identification. The habitus images and most genital illustrations are presented here for the first time for these species.
Biology and phenology ofCecidophyopsis psilaspis(Acari: Eriophyidae) on Pacific yew (Taxaceae)
Authors: Marshall Valin G. , Clayton Marilyn R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe biology and phenology of the yew big bud mite,Cecidophyopsis psilaspis(Nalepa, 1893), were studied on Pacific yew,Taxus brevifoliaNutt., in British Columbia, Canada. The mite showed the typical life cycle of eriophyoids on evergreen hosts, with all stases being present throughout the year. The numbers ofC. psilaspis, which colonized both vegetative and reproductive buds, peaked in May to August, with the lowest numbers in March and October and the highest numbers in June. Mite numbers differed among bud types, with averages following the sequence terminal buds = lateral buds > male reproductive buds > axillary buds > female reproductive buds > latent buds. Very few mites were found in latent buds except during bud formation, when other vegetative buds were unavailable. Reproductive buds were colonized mostly from May to July. There was no evidence of arrhenotoky inC. psilaspis, as the proportion of mites that were females ranged from 54% to 100%. Temperature and predation were considered the likely factors that determine population fluctuations. It was hypothesized thatC. psilaspisabundance increased following favorable spring temperatures and new food resources, whereas predation by other mite species and lower temperatures, which prolonged development, were responsible for the low numbers in March and October.
Comparative activity of three isolates of LdMNPV against two strains of Lymantria dispar
Authors: Ebling Peter M. , Otvos Imre S. , Conder Nicholas 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwo newly identified geographic isolates of a nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV-H and LdMNPV-J) were evaluated against Disparvirus (LdMNPV-D), a baculovirus insecticide registered in Canada for the control of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)). Profiles of HindIII and EcoRI restriction enzyme digests of viral DNA from the three viral isolates are presented. Viral isolates were bioassayed using an inoculated diet plug method to determine the dose- and time-responses of second-instar larvae of both the European and Asian strains of gypsy moth. LdMNPV-D was found to be the most virulent isolate when tested against the European strain of gypsy moth, yielding an LD50 and an LD95 (estimates of the doses required to kill 50% and 95% of the test larvae, respectively) of 95 and 774 occlusion bodies (OBs), respectively. LdMNPV-H was the most virulent isolate when tested against the Asian strain, yielding an LD50 and an LD95 of 648 and 8540 OBs, respectively. Time-response data indicate that the three isolates differ little with respect to their speed of kill (ST50; estimate of the length of time required to kill 50% of the test insects) of either larval strain. These results indicate that both new isolates (LdMNPV-H and LdMNPV-J) should be investigated further for control of the Asian strain of the gypsy moth but not pursued for control of the European strain.
Biology of Pissodes yunnanensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a pest of Yunnan pine in southwestern China
Authors: Zhang Hongrui , Ye Hui , Haack Robert A. , Langor David W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPissodes yunnanensis Langor et Zhang, a pest of Yunnan pine, Pinus yunnanensis Franchet, in southwestern China, occurs at elevations of 2200–2800 m. These weevils infest Yunnan pine trees less than 20 years old but prefer trees 8–10 years old. Oviposition occurs mainly along the upper trunk on current-year and 1-year-old growth and occasionally on the upper lateral branches. Weevil feeding often kills the leader, which results in stem forking and crooking. At times, after 2–3 years of consecutive severe infestation, tree mortality occurs. In southwestern Yunnan Province, adults of this univoltine weevil emerge from infested stems from mid-April to mid-July. Eggs appear in late June, first-instar larvae in early July, and fourth-instar larvae in late March of the next year. First- and second-instar larvae feed in the phloem, and third-instar larvae move to the sapwood or pith, where they overwinter. In March, larvae resume feeding and development. Fourth-instar larvae excavate pupal chambers (chip cocoons) in the outer sapwood or pith, and pupation occurs from late March to late May. Optimal development of eggs and pupae occurs at 25 °C in the laboratory. Parasitism is the main cause of mortality in P. yunnanensis, accounting for 2%–25% of mortality among third- and fourth-instar larvae and 5%–10% among pupae.
Revision of the East Asian Plagiophorus amygdalinus species group (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae, Cyathigerini)
Authors: Sugaya Hiroshi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe amygdalinus species group is formed for one new East Asian species of the genus Plagiophorus Motschulsky, P. amygdalinussp. nov. from Taiwan. The amygdalinus group is unique in that sternite IX is not externally visible in the male.
Structure, behavior, and the life cycle of an aquatic firefly, Luciola substriata, in China
Authors: Xinhua Fu , Nobuyoshi Ohba , Vencl Fredric V. , Chaoliang Lei 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe aquatic firefly Luciola substriata Gorham, 1880 (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) was first discovered in mainland China in 2000. The larvae of L. substriata inhabit ponds and lakes rich in aquatic vegetation. We recorded L. substriata feeding on two species of aquatic snails, Lymnaea stagnalis (L., 1758) (Basommatophora: Lymnaeidae) and Gyraulus convexiusculus (Hutton, 1849) (Basommatophora: Planorbidae). Three predators of fireflies were also recorded for the first time: the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) (Decapoda: Cambaridae), the crab Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards, 1853 (Decapoda: Varunidae), and the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Valenciennes in Cuvier et Valenciennes, 1844) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Egg incubation averaged 11 days at an ambient temperature of 20–25 °C. The prepupal stage of L. substriata lasted 6.2 days, and the pupal stage lasted 4.4 days. The imaginal period lasted from May to September. Courtship light-flashing activity peaked 1 h after sunset. The light spectrum of responsiveness of L. substriata was 425–603 nm, with a peak responsive emission at 504 nm. In addition, we have described and illustrated the morphology of L. substriata.
Review of the Nearctic species of the Holarctic subgenusArgutor(Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Bousquet Yves , Webster Reginald 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOn the basis of colour of the legs and structural details of the pronotum and male genitalia,Pterostichus commutabilis(Motschulsky)auct. is shown to be composite, consisting ofP. commutabilisandPterostichus praetermissus(Chaudoir), the latter name therefore being removed from synonymy with the former name. Dot maps show that the geographical ranges of these two species overlap extensively in northeastern North America, but the range ofP. commutabilisextends farther north and west (to eastern British Columbia and eastern California), whereas the range ofP. praetermissusextends farther south (to northern Florida). A third species of the Holarctic subgenusArgutorDejean living in North America is the PalaearcticPterostichus vernalis(Panzer), whose Nearctic range is confined to southern Quebec and northermost Vermont. This taxonomic treatment includes a key distinguishing adults of these three species, and each species is characterized morphologically, geographically, and ecologically (in terms of habitat).
Release and establishment studies in Manitoba, Canada, of Aphidius smithi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), a parasitoid of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Wylie H.G. , Matheson F.O. , Uddin M.J. , Holliday N.J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAphidius smithi Sharma et Subba Rao, an aphidiid parasitoid of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), was imported into Manitoba, Canada, and over 104 000 adults were released at four sites in 1983–1987. The parasitoid reproduced and overwintered at the 1983 release site and possibly at a second site at which it was released in 1984, and reproduced at two other sites at which it was released in 1985–1987. The parasitoid was found in 1985 up to 11 km from the 1983 release site. Additional studies in 2001 indicated the presence of low densities of A. smithi near one of the 1985 release sites. Although the parasitoid is established, it occurs at densities too low to have an agriculturally useful effect on the pest.