Abstract 5271: Ibuprofen, an inhibitor of angiogenesis, enhances radiosensitivity and suppresses glioma invasion: Role of p75NTR and VEGF
Authors: Murphy Susan F. , Banasiak Magdalena , Yee Gi-Taek , Wotoczek-Obadia Marguerite , Malafa Menyoli , Rojiani Mumtaz V. , Rojiani Amyn M. , Tofilon Philip , Henderson Fraser , Djakiew Daniel , Forsyth Peter A. , Senger Donna L. , Brem Steven 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Current treatments of malignant glioma, including anti-VEGF therapy, are limited by the invasive phenotype. Ionizing radiation is known to stimulate invasion, and p75NTR is a key regulator of glioma invasion. Because angiogenic inhibitors have been proposed as radiosensitizers, we hypothesized that ibuprofen (previously shown to regulate p75NTR) would serve as a radiosensitizer of glioma cells, and we studied its effect on glioma migration, invasion, and the expression of p75NTR and VEGF. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combining radiation with ibuprofen on expression of p75NTR in human (U87, U251) and murine (GL261) glioma cells, and link to radiosensitivity, migration and invasion, and angiogenesis.
Methods: We determined radiosensitivity using a clonogenic assay of glioma cells, including clones that were transfected to stably overexpress p75NTR. Glioma cells transfected with empty vector (pcDNA) were used as a control. Glioma migration and invasion were determined, respectively, by a wound scratch assay and Matrigel-Boyden chamber assay. Expression levels of p75NTR and VEGF165 were determined by Western blot analysis.
Results: Ibuprofen increased the radiosensitivity of glioma cells as evidenced by a decreased survival fraction in the clonogenic assay. U87+p75NTR demonstrated increased radiosensitivity compared to control (U87pcDNA). As expected, U87+p75NTR U251+p75NTR were highly invasive and migratory compared to U87pcDNA and U251pcDNA. At a dose of 10 Gy, migration was significantly inhibited (P=0.02) in pcDNA cells only. Induction of p75NTR with ibuprofen correlated to increased radiosensitivity of glioma cells. Paradoxically we found that increased expression of p75NTR by ibuprofen correlated to a reduction of invasion and migration. In addition, expression of VEGF was lower in U87+p75 compared to U87pcDNA. When U87+p75 was treated with ibuprofen alone, VEGF was undetectable, when treated with radiation alone VEGF levels were lower than control but detected, and no VEGF was detectable when the cells were treated with both ibuprofen and radiation. In contrast, expression of VEGF was increased when p75pcDNA glioma cells were treated with ibuprofen, and further increased when treated with radiation. However, adding ibuprofen and radiation resulted in undetectable VEGF.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that ibuprofen could be useful clinically as a radiosensitizer and/or an agent to inhibit glioma invasion, migration and angiogenesis. Furthermore, our preliminary data suggest that there may be a “VEGF-switch” modulated by p75NTR status. The VEGF-p75NTR link could be important to drug discovery and translation to clinical control of the glioma malignant phenotype. (Supported by Dept of Defense grant USAMRAA -RX4301803, The Greg Wohrle Fund of the FBTA, the Moffitt Cancer Center Foundation, The Ben and Catherine Ivy Foundation).
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5271.