bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunities for, and barriers to, uterus‐preserving surgical techniques for placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Paping Alexander , Bluth Anja , Al Naimi Ammar , Mhallem Mina , Kolak Magdalena , Jaworowski Andrzej , Huras Hubert , Morlando Maddalena , Daskalakis George , Pinto Pedro Viana , Sentilhes Loïc , van Beekhuizen Heleen J. , Stefanovic Vedran , Fox Karin A. , Morel Olivier , Bertholdt Charline , Braun Thorsten ,   IS‐PAS
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionPlacenta accreta spectrum (PAS) can lead to major peripartum morbidity. Appropriate management approaches depend on the clinical severity, each individual's preference, and the treating team's expertise. Peripartum hysterectomy is the most frequently used treatment option. However, it can impact psychological well‐being and fertility. We investigated whether conservative treatment with focal resection or leaving the placenta in situ is associated with comparable or lower maternal morbidity than hysterectomy in centers of excellence within the International Society for placenta accreta spectrum (IS‐PAS). Furthermore, a survey was conducted to explore potential barriers to conservative management in antenatal counseling and intraoperative decision‐making.Material and MethodsConfirmed PAS cases in the prospective IS‐PAS database from 22 registered centers between January 2020 and June 2022 were included in the analysis. A separate online survey with 21 questions was answered by the IS‐PAS center experts about indications, diagnostic criteria, patient counseling, surgical practice, changes from the preoperative treatment plan, and why conservative management may not be offered.ResultsA total of 234 cases were included in the analysis: 186 women received hysterectomy and 38 women were treated by focal resection, and 10 by leaving the placenta in situ. Blood loss was lower in the focal resection group and in the placenta in situ group compared to the hysterectomy group (p = 0.04). 46.4% of the women initially planned for focal resection, and 35.7% of those initially planned for leaving the placenta in situ were ultimately treated by hysterectomy. Our survey showed that the IS‐PAS centers preferred hysterectomy according to a woman's wishes (64%) and when they expected less blood loss and morbidity (41%). Eighteen percent of centers did not offer focal resection at all due to a lack of experience with this technique. Reasons for not offering to leave the placenta in situ were avoidance of unexpected reoperation (36%), puerperal infection (32%), or skepticism about the method (23%).ConclusionsUterus‐preserving treatment strategies such as focal resection appear to be safe alternatives to peripartum hysterectomy. However, less than half of the IS‐PAS centers perform them. Acceptance of conservative treatments could be increased by standardized criteria for their implementation and by systematic training for PAS experts.
Real‐life effectiveness of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir in hepatitis C patients previously treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir
Authors: Ruiz‐Cobo Juan Carlos , Llaneras Jordi , Forns Xavier , Gallego Moya Adolfo , Conde Amiel Isabel , Arencibia Ana , Diago Moises , García‐Samaniego Javier , Castellote Jose , Llerena Susana , Rodríguez‐Seguel Elisa , Mateos Beatriz , Rodríguez Manuel , Rosales Zabal Jose Miguel , Fernández Inmaculada , Calleja Jose Luis , Morillas Rosa María , Montoliu Silvia , Andrade Raul J. , Badia Aranda Ester , Hernández‐Guerra Manuel , Maté Carlota Jimeno , González‐Santiago Jesús M. , de Cuenca Beatriz , Bernal‐Monterde Vanesa , Delgado Manuel , Turnes Juan , Lens Sabela , Buti María 
Published: May 2024

SummaryBackgroundSofosbuvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX) is the recommended rescue therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C infection who fail direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs). Data are limited on the effectiveness of this treatment after the current first‐line therapies. Our aim was to analyse the effectiveness and safety of SOF/VEL/VOX among patients failing sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB).MethodsRetrospective multicentre study (26 Spanish hospitals), including chronic hepatitis C patients unsuccessfully treated with SOF/VEL or GLE/PIB, and retreated with SOF/VEL/VOX ± ribavirin for 12 weeks between December 2017 and December 2022.ResultsIn total, 142 patients included: 100 (70.4%) had failed SOF/VEL and 42 (29.6%) GLE/PIB. Patients were mainly men (84.5%), White (93.9%), with hepatitis C virus genotype (GT) 3 (49.6%) and 47.2% had liver cirrhosis. Sustained virological response (SVR) was evaluated in 132 patients who completed SOF/VEL/VOX and were followed 12 weeks after end of treatment; 117 (88.6%) achieved SVR. There were no significant differences in SVR rates according to initial DAA treatment (SOF/VEL 87.9% vs. GLE/PIB 90.2%, p = 0.8), cirrhosis (no cirrhosis 90% vs. cirrhosis 87.1%, p = 0.6) or GT3 infection (non‐GT3 91.9% vs. GT3 85.5%, p = 0.3). However, when considering the concurrent presence of SOF/VEL treatment, cirrhosis and GT3 infection, SVR rates dropped to 82.8%. Ribavirin was added in 8 (6%) patients, all achieved SVR.ConclusionSOF/VEL/VOX is an effective rescue therapy for failures to SOF/VEL or GLE/PIB, with an SVR of 88.6%. Factors previously linked to lower SVR rates, such as GT3 infection, cirrhosis and first‐line therapy with SOF/VEL were not associated with lower SVRs.
Analysis of the epidemiological situation of influenza in Guangzhou under the prevention and control of COVID‐19 in June 2022
Authors: Deng Yuezhi , Lin Yongping , Lin Weihong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveUnder the prevention and control measures of COVID‐19, the epidemiological situation of respiratory pathogens is not well known. Understanding the patterns of respiratory pathogens epidemiology under the prevention and control measures of COVID‐19 is important to guide resource allocation for existing and future treatment and prevention strategies.MethodsIn total, 659 fever outpatients nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at fever illness onset during June in 2022 at the First Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Swabs were tested by real‐time fluorescent single‐tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 12 respiratory pathogens. Moreover, 108 of the 659 swabs were tested for influenza virus antigen.ResultsAt least one pathogen was detected in 477 (72.38%) of 659 fever outpatients with multiple pathogens identified in 25 (3.79%). The highest multiple infectious pattern is parainfluenza virus in combination with influenza (five cases). Influenza A virus (IFA), human rhinovirus (HRV), and parainfluenza virus are the three leading virus pathogens with proportions of 64.64%, 5.01%, and 2.88%. School‐age children and adult groups have the highest pathogens positivity rate of 81.28% and 83.87%.ConclusionA high proportion of adolescents and adults has respiratory pathogens detected during fever illnesses during June in 2022 under the prevention and control of COVID‐19. These data indicate that diagnosis, prevention, and control of respiratory tract infection should be paid attention under the prevention and control of COVID‐19.
Seminatural areas act as reservoirs of genetic diversity for crop pollinators and natural enemies across Europe
Authors: Ortego Joaquín , Albrecht Matthias , Báldi András , Bilde Trine , Craig Sean Birk Bek , Herrera José M. , Hood Amelia S. C. , Kleijn David , Maurer Corina , Molina Francisco P. , Öckinger Erik , Potts Simon G. , Settepani Virginia , Thomsen Philip Francis , Trillo Marina , Vajna Flóra , Velado‐Alonso Elena , Bartomeus Ignasi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite increasing recognition of the importance of the multiple dimensions of biodiversity, including functional or genetic diversity as well as species diversity, most conservation studies on ecosystem service‐providing insects focus on simple diversity measures such as species richness and abundance. In contrast, relatively little is known about the genetic diversity and resilience of pollinators or natural enemies of crop pests to population fragmentation and local extinction. The genetic diversity and demographic dynamics of remnant populations of beneficial insects in agricultural areas can be a useful indicator proving additional insights into their conservation status, but this is rarely evaluated. Although gene flow between agricultural and seminatural areas is key to maintaining genetic diversity, its extent and directionality remain largely unexplored. Here, we apply a pan‐European sampling protocol to quantify genetic diversity and structure and assess gene flow between agricultural and nearby seminatural landscapes in populations of two key ecosystem service‐providing insect species, the lady beetle Coccinella septempunctata, an important predator of aphids and other crop pests, and the bee pollinator Andrena flavipes. We show that A. flavipes populations are genetically structured at the European level, whereas populations of C. septempunctata experience widespread gene flow across the continent and lack any defined genetic structure. In both species, we found that there is high genetic connectivity between populations established in croplands and nearby seminatural areas and, as a consequence, they harbor similar levels of genetic diversity. Interestingly, demographic models for some regions support asymmetric gene flow from seminatural areas to nearby agricultural landscapes. Collectively, our study demonstrates how seminatural areas can serve as genetic reservoirs of both pollinators and natural enemies for nearby agricultural landscapes, acting as sources for recurrent recolonization and, potentially, contributing to enhancing ecosystem service and crop production resilience in the longer term.
Migration, movements, and survival in a partially migratory elk (Cervus canadensis) population
Authors: Poole Kim G. , Lamb Clayton T. , Medcalf Sam , Amos Lanny 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMigration provides an adaptive strategy to improve fitness by allowing individuals to exploit gradients of resources and changes in predation risk. In recent decades, the extent and prevalence of migration has declined in numerous ungulate species including many populations of elk (Cervus canadensis). Resident elk are often more closely associated with human activity, are more readily involved in agricultural conflicts and may contribute to overgrazing on some ranges. We evaluated migratory trends, survival rates, and causes of mortality in a partially migratory elk population in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, and compared these parameters with data from a 1982–1996 study from the same area. Analysis of 201 animal‐years (n = 78 collared cow elk) between 2016 and 2022 showed a ratio of 52% migratory to 48% resident elk, similar to what was found during the 1982–1996 study (55% migratory to 45% resident; n = 40 cows). Among the migrants, 55% were standard migrants (traveling moderate to longer distances and changing little in elevation), 35% elevational, and 10% mixed/atypical. We detected a 14% yearly switching rate between migratory and resident strategies. We recorded 30 mortalities: 47% from human causes, predominantly elk‐vehicle/train collisions (33% of mortalities), apparent starvation/old age (17%), and predation (17%). Notably, while mortality from natural causes was similar between strategies, human‐caused mortality was nearly twice as high in resident elk. Signs of nutritional stress and lower pregnancy rates indicated potential forage limitations. Migrants had higher average survival rates (0.90) compared to residents (0.83), a shift from the 1982–1996 study that recorded higher resident survival rates (0.98), the same migrant survival rate (0.90), and fewer elk‐vehicle/train collisions. Cow elk in our study made fewer and shorter movements into upper mountain tributaries and greater use of mine properties than observed during the 1982–1996 study. Wildlife managers should consider opportunities to enhance elk forage within traditional high‐elevation summer ranges and mitigations to reduce elk‐vehicle/train collisions. Further research is needed to quantify reproductive success, monitor calf survival, and determine relative forage quality among summering areas between migratory strategies, and determine winter ranges of long‐distant migrants.
Investigating the causal association of generalized and abdominal obesity with microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: A community‐based prospective study
Authors: Chen Jiaheng , Li Yu Ting , Niu Zimin , He Zhanpeng , Xie Yao Jie , Hernandez Jose , Huang Wenyong , Wang Harry H X ,   The Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study Group
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThe paradoxical protective association between overweight/obesity and diabetic microvascular complications (DMC), a phenomenon well‐known as the obesity paradox, has been considered a non‐causal association based on methodological influences. We aimed to investigate the association of generalized and abdominal obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), respectively, with DMC in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), using a causal inference approach.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 1436 patients with clinically diagnosed T2D but not DMC at baseline in a community‐based prospective cohort in China between 2017 and 2019 and followed them annually until 2022 with new‐onset DMC recorded. Marginal structural Cox models with inverse probability weighting were constructed to determine the causal association. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify potential effect modifiers.ResultsWe observed 360 incident DMC cases, including 109 cases of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and 277 cases of diabetic retinopathy (DR) during four follow‐up visits. Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for overall DMC, DN and DR were 1.037 (1.005‐1.071), 1.117 (1.062‐1.175) and 1.018 (0.980‐1.059) for 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI, and 1.005 (0.994‐1.017), 1.034 (1.018‐1.051) and 1.000 (0.987‐1.014) for 1 cm increase in WC, respectively. Similar patterns were observed across the BMI and WC categories, while the positive association appeared to be more pronounced in women.ConclusionsGeneralized but not abdominal obesity was associated with an increased risk for the overall DMC, whereas both obesities were causally related to DN, albeit not DR, in T2D. Routine weight management should not be neglected in diabetes care, particularly in women.
Prescription medication use among patients with type 2 diabetes in the United States: 1999–2020
Authors: Li Shanshan , Pan Shaoxi , Jiang Shaoxiang , Shin Jung‐Im , Liu Gordon G. , Lyu Beini 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsWe aimed to examine trends in overall prescription medication use among patients with type 2 diabetes in the United States to provide insights for patient care.Materials and MethodsWe used nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2020 and included adult patients with type 2 diabetes. We examined the use of prescription drugs, overall and by drug class, polypharmacy (use of ≥5 medications), and number of medications attributed to specific classes.ResultsIn the period 2015–2020, the mean patient age was 59.6 (51.0–70.0) years, with 46.8% (43.6–49.9) being female and 57.8% (52.8–62.8) being non‐Hispanic White. Among 9489 adults with type 2 diabetes, the prevalence of polypharmacy was high and increased from 35.1% (31.6–38.6) in 1999–2002 to 47.2% (43.7–50.7) in 2003–2006, and further to 51.1% (48.3–53.9) in 2015–2020 (p for trend <0.001). Increasing trends of polypharmacy were found across all population subgroups and across the majority of therapeutic classes. Use of non‐cardiometabolic medications was common. Among them, the most common were antidepressants (19.8%), proton pump inhibitors (19.0%) and analgesics (16.2%). Among patients with polypharmacy, approximately 40% of medication use was attributed to non‐cardiometabolic medications.ConclusionsPrescription medication burden and complexity increased substantially among patients with type 2 diabetes, with more than 50% of patients with polypharmacy. Attention should be paid to this escalating medication use and regimen complexity, which requires multidisciplinary and coordinated care.
Is empowerment enough? Exploring lessons from the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Russell Mia B. , Zuccaroli Isabella 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 global pandemic was a crisis that disproportionately impacted marginalized communities. In one such community—Baltimore, Maryland—we sought to explore how individuals experienced, managed, and recovered from the pandemic. Through five focus groups with 16 participants, four themes emerged: demonstration of empowerment, hopelessness and powerlessness, mental health detriment, and misalignment of resources and needs. Although empowerment was demonstrated, we surprisingly found that participants also exhibited powerlessness and hopelessness, both of which can inhibit engagement in the empowerment process. Implications for FCS professionals, community educators, and policymakers are included.
Nitrogen acquisition and retention pathways in sustainable perennial bioenergy grass cropping systems
Authors: Duan Danyang , Kent Angela D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPerennial tall grasses show promise as bioenergy crops due to high productivity and efficient nutrient use. Ongoing research on bioenergy grasses seeks to reduce their reliance on synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer, the manufacture of which relies on fossil fuel combustion. Excessive use of fertilizers also causes adverse environmental consequences and leads to the evolutionary loss of plant traits beneficial to sustainable N cycle. Notably, perennial tall grasses have exhibited the potential to maintain high biomass yield without the need for N fertilizer or causing soil N depletion. Perennial grasses can be adept at interacting with their microbial partners to facilitate N acquisition and retention via mechanisms such as biological N fixation and nitrification inhibition. These inherent N management traits should be preserved and optimized at the this early stage of bioenergy grass breeding programs. This review examines the impact of external N on bioenergy grass production and explores the potential of leveraging advantageous N‐cycling attributes of perennial tall grasses, laying groundwork for future management and research efforts. With minimized dependency on external N input, the cultivation of perennial energy grasses will pave the way toward more resilient agricultural systems and play a significant role in addressing key global energy and environmental challenges.
Probiotic orange Bacillus‐infused jelly candies: development and effect on food borne, oral pathogen and commercial probiotics
Authors: Khullar Gauri , Nayem Md Faridunnabi , Kanyakam Kanyarat , Thanyasrisung Panida , Prakitchaiwattana Cheunjit 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThis research presents a novel approach to develop pigmented probiotic jelly candies by incorporating an orange pigment‐producing Bacillus 63‐11 strain, encapsulated with surface maltodextrin (MDs) or internal coating maltodextrin (MDi) or sodium alginate (SA). The study evaluated the impact of different coating methods on probiotic activities, antagonistic effects, physical properties and consumer acceptance. Results indicated that coating methods did not compromise the probiotic and antagonistic properties of the Bacillus 63‐11 strain. Over a 6‐month period, all coating methods exhibited increased water activity with minimal microbiological changes. MD‐coated candies demonstrated optimal probiotic viability, tolerance and sensory appeal, emphasising colour preferences. SA‐coated candies exhibited lower viability but superior texture. This study demonstrated the successful development of an unconventional jelly candy prototype with implications for commercialisation. The findings underscore the pivotal role of coating material and method in influencing crucial aspects of the candy, offering valuable insights for the market potential of such innovative products.
Stable measurement of chemistry, immunochemistry, and hematology analytes in a heparin‐based anticoagulant with iloprost additive: A promising candidate for the polyvalent blood collection tube
Authors: Wiwe Elias Frost , Schmidt Laura Emilie , Zeuthen Emilie , Engelstoft Ida Maria Storm , Christiansen Buris Brinch , Hansen Thomas Steen , Burkhardt Melanie A. , Jensen Claus Antonio Juel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionA polyvalent blood collection tube could potentially reduce the number and volume of blood samples drawn from patients and reduce the risk of tube mix‐ups in a point‐of‐care setting in the emergency department and the intensive care unit.MethodsFour different concentrations of our experimental heparin anticoagulant with iloprost additive (HEP‐ILOP 50 nM, 150 nM, 1000 nM, and 10 μM, respectively) were tested for significant differences and bias performance specifications against EDTA for 29 hematology analytes, and the highest concentration (HEP‐ILOP 10 μM) against lithium heparin for 14 chemistry and immunochemistry analytes. Samples were drawn from 79 consenting subjects from the Oncology Department (n = 38) and the Intensive and Intermediary Care Unit (n = 41).ResultsFor hematology analytes, the HEP‐ILOP formulation generally provided stable measurement within optimal requirements within 5 h after sampling (mean 104 ± 56 min), with very little difference between the four HEP‐ILOP concentrations. Because of differences in platelet and red blood cell swelling between EDTA and HEP‐ILOP, all size‐dependent analytes required proportional factorization to produce similar results. Platelet count by impedance similarly required factorization, whereas the fluorescent method provided results identical with EDTA. Chemistry and immunochemistry analytes were within optimal requirements except for potassium, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose, indicating a cytoprotective effect of iloprost reducing cell metabolism and rupture, thereby producing results closer to in vivo conditions.ConclusionsOur novel dry‐sprayed anticoagulant formulation, HEP‐ILOP, is a promising candidate for a polyvalent blood collection tube, enabling the analysis of hematology, chemistry, and immunochemistry analytes in the same tube.
Art, science and inclusion: multisensory Sciart of immunology for blind, low‐vision and diverse‐needs audiences
Authors: Tandori Erica , Favilla Stuart 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArt is a powerful tool for conveying scientific discovery. Despite the perceived gap between art and science, as highlighted by CP Snow and others, examples of art communicating science can be found in the ancient world, the Renaissance and contemporary data visualization, demonstrating an enduring and historic connection. However, much of science relies on visual elements, excluding those with blindness, low vision and diverse needs, resulting in their low representation in STEM discourse. This paper introduces a novel science and art collaboration in the form of an exhibition program exploring the concepts of Immunology and Biomedicine to blind and vision‐impaired audiences, capitalizing on the lived experience of a legally blind artist. Employing multisensory design, art and co‐creation methodologies, it transcends traditional vision‐based science communication, showcasing the potential for multisensory art to bridge the gap at the intersection of science and inclusion.