bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sea‐air observations in Anita reveal ocean cooling by storm
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Understanding the role of the ocean in spawning hurricanes may have taken a giant step forward with observations in tropical storm Anita last August.Reporting on measurements made in the storm, scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration concluded that the storm may have drawn part of its power from a pool of warm water in the Gulf of Mexico. This 225‐km‐wide eddy had been discovered a month before Anita by a NOAA oceanographic ship. It appears to have started with a break‐off of the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current. Coordinated sea and air measurements during the tropical storm showed that ‘the disturbance intensified steadily to tropical storm strength as it moved toward the center of the warm eddy,’ according to NOAA oceanographer John Proni. ‘Then, about 18 hours later, a deepening trend in central pressure began as the storm passed the western boundary of the eddy. Anita reached hurricane force a short time later.’
Earthwatch seeking volunteers for field work
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Earthwatch is once again recruiting people to help with field research expeditions in earth and marine sciences, archaeology, anthropology, the life sciences, and the humanities. Sponsored by Earthwatch, a nonprofit organization, the projects are funded by laypeople who participate as actual working members of the expedition team under the supervision of the professional researcher.Beginning with 39 people in 1971, nearly 2600 Earthwatch volunteers have joined research teams in support of over 300 scientists conducting research in 20 states and 45 countries. This season, volunteers are needed to survey the Boston Harbor Islands, measure the effects of off‐road vehicles on the beach and sand dunes of Fire Island, explore the coral reefs of Jamaica in the West Indies, and examine the possibilities of astronomical alignment of Bronze Age stone circles on Scotland's Machrie Moor.
Detectors may help prevent mine disasters
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Small cheap electric field detectors could provide emergency warning of an about‐to‐collapse mine, according to Stuart Hoenig at the University of Arizona. Working under a National Science Foundation grant, the electrical engineering professor is working to develop detectors that could be placed throughout mines to signal when the wall or roof was about to give way.Transient lunar events, flashes of light seen around the moon, gave him the first idea that the electrical charge of a rock under stress could be used to detect dangerous weakness in mine walls. Under stress, moisture‐bearing rock generates a charge. This happens as moisture is forced from an area of compression toward an area of tension— the area where the rock is about to fall. The water carries with it metal ions, atoms with some electrons missing. The ions make the area under tension positively charged.
Studies in geophysics: Geophysical predictions: Overview and recommendations
Authors: Landsberg H. E. 
Published: October 2011

The good earth not only sustains life; it is also the greatest killer. In some years the earth's paroxysms kill hundreds of thousands of people. For example, an earthquake in northern China on July 28, 1976, leveled the city of Tangshan. It killed more than 600,000 persons and injured an additional 700,000 [Associated Press, 1977].We can only view with awe this and other natural catastrophes. Even though the toll may not be as high as in the Tangshan earthquake, death and destruction are common. Each year brings its own share of these natural disasters. Volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, and tsunamis (water surges produced by submarine earthquakes) all kill, maim, and destroy. In most instances, timely warnings can and will reduce loss of life, but they seldom avert the destruction of property. A good example in recent memory is the havoc wrought by hurricane Agnes and its accompanying flash floods. In four days in June 1972 it killed 118 people and caused $3.5 billion in property damages, a record for losses of private and public property and facilities.
Space aboard research vessels available
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Norpax (North Pacific Experiment) scientists are planning to operate a large oceanographic research vessel (or vessels) along 150°W between Hawaii and Tahiti for about 16 months beginning January 1979. The tentative schedule calls for one round trip every two months. This will involve about 20 days at sea on each leg, southbound and northbound.The primary tasks to be performed are the making of hydrographic sections, the deployment and tending of moored oceanographic instruments, the launching of drifting buoys, and the gathering of atmospheric observations for the FGGE data set. In addition to these primary tasks, space will be made available to other researchers on an as‐available basis. Priority will be given to those projects related to large‐scale air‐sea interaction, but anyone interested should apply.
Maunder minimum data show unusual cosmic ray activity
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The sun may have been magnetically even weaker during the Maunder Minimum than the lack of sunspots for 70 years implies. This report that during the Maunder Minimum the sun was more profoundly quiet than it has ever been since was made at the 1978 AGU Spring Meeting by Miriam A. Forman of the State University of New York at Stony Brook.Forman presented evidence that the enhanced amounts of radioactive carbon in tree rings which grew about 300 years ago are due to unusually high cosmic ray intensity, probably a result of extremely low solar magnetic activity during the ultralong sunspot minimum at that time. The amount of radiocarbon deposited in tree rings which grew in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries is about one or two percent higher than that in nineteenth‐century tree rings, the increase occurring during the 70‐year‐long sunspot minimum discovered in the 1890s by the English astronomer E. W. Maunder.
Earlier warnings may be possible with tornado Doppler
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Tornadoes in severe thunderstorms were detected by a powerful Doppler radar in Norman, Oklahoma, more than 20 minutes before they became visible to ground observers, adding at least 10 minutes to the time available for tornado warnings. These experimental observations were part of a cooperative effort by NOAA and the Air Force to test the tornado‐detecting performance of an experimental Doppler radar.Donald W. Burgess of the NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory, Donald R. Devore of the Oklahoma City Weather Service Forecast Office, and Capt. Joel D. Bonewitz of the Air Weather Service also found that the Doppler radar and its hightechnology data handling and display systems showed unexpected promise in detecting conditions associated with the heavy thunderstorm rains that can produce lethal flash floods.
Field research grants available
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Center for Field Research is currently accepting proposals for 1979. The center and its affiliate, Earthwatch, have raised over $1 million from members of the public who have given their time, their skills, and their dollars to support research in a variety of disciplines.Eligible disciplines include, but are not limited to, astronomy, botany, cartography, conservation, geography, geology, marine sciences, and meteorology. Among projects being supported in 1978 are the continuing excavation of the Salmon Ruins site in New Mexico and a study of the ecology of Provincetown Harbor in Massachusetts.
Many habitable planets could exist in galaxy
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) astronomers Helmut A. Abt and Saul G. Levy recently reported that the number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy that can have habitable planets circling them is much greater than previously believed. This could mean that life similar to that on earth might be much more probable among nearby stars.‘The evidence we have that hot stars, as well as cooler stars like our sun, have companions orbiting them could mean that the number of stars which can have habitable planets is greatly increased,’ Abt said. It had been thought previously that since hot stars spin fast, they are unlikely to have companions.
Scientists trace Caribbean currents
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The surface waters of the Caribbean may retain pollutants longer than existing current charts suggest, according to Robert Molinari of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Molinari based this conclusion on a recent study which used satellite‐tracked buoys to trace the circulation of the region.Molinari said that Caribbean surface currents were much more complicated than had been generally believed, so that water, and any pollutants it may receive, would tend to remain in the Caribbean for months before returning to the Atlantic through the Florida Straits. ‘This longer residence time has implications for environmental impact studies, since any pollutants discharged in the region would remain longer than previously assumed,’ he said.
Awards presented at the Spring Meeting: Third Presentation: Maurice Ewing Medal to Sir Edward Bullard by the American Geophysical Union and the U.S. Navy for his leadership in marine geophysics
Authors: Munk Walter H. , Bullard Edward 
Published: October 2011

Teddy Bullard and Maurice Ewing are the most influential geophysicists of our generation. They are responsible for the education of many of today's leading geophysicists. They are responsible also for the development of many of today's marine geophysical techniques: seismology, gravity, magnetism, and heat flow.Maurice and Teddy started their careers as physicists. It is remarkable that both were converted to marine geophysicists by the fervor of one man, Princeton geologist Richard Field. From then on their goals were parallel: to uncover what makes the planet earth tick.
Awards presented at the Spring Meeting: Seventeenth Presentation: James B. Macelwane Award to John M. Edmond in recognition of significant contributions to the geophysical sciences by a young scientist of outstanding ability
Authors: Edmond John M. 
Published: October 2011

Today we honor John Marmion Edmond with the James B. Macelwane Award. As John was born on April 27, 1943, he clearly qualifies agewise — he is only 35 years old! — and, of course, his tremendous activity in the field of geoscience has helped in the further justification of this award.John Edmond was born of a fine mixture of Scottish (father) and Irish (mother) parentage, was properly educated by the Jesuits of Glasgow, and received his first class honors (B.Sc. degree) from the University of Glasgow, where he obtained a good taste for solution chemistry from Professor George Nancollas.
Meetings
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Radio Science Meeting will be held at the University of Colorado, Boulder, November 6–9, 1978. This open scientific meeting is sponsored by the U.S. National Committee for the International Union of Radio Science. It is being held in cooperation with the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Group, IEEE Geoscience Electronics Group, IEEE Information Theory Group, IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Group, IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society, and the IEEE Wave Propagation Standards Committee.The theme of the meeting will be the common scientific basis of telecommunications and remote sensing insofar as the influence of the environment is concerned. Papers on any topic of interest to a commission will be presented. In addition, the following special topics have been suggested: Commission A on Electromagnetic Metrology. Telecommunication measurements and standards; nondestructive electromagnetic probing and testing; far infrared measurements.
1978 Spring Meeting Report
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The 1978 Spring Meeting was held April 17–21 in Miami Beach, Florida, at the Deauville and Carillon hotels. Approximately 1220 papers were presented. Total registration was 1632, of whom 1127 were members, 242 were students, and 263 were non‐members.The meeting program and the abstracts of papers were published in the April 1978 issue of EOS, pages 215–418. This report includes program changes and postdeadline and revised abstracts.
Geophysically meaningful Initial II
Authors: Noxon J. F. , Russell C. T. 
Published: October 2011

J . G. Roederer (June 1978 EOS , p. 533) claims that he is the only member of the AGU who has “geophysically meaningful” initials. Quite apart from the question as to whether JGR (the journal) is in fact geophysically meaningful, I must respectfully note that its former editor, G. C. Reid, certainly does fall into that elite class in view of the well‐known acronym for galactic cosmic rays. Meaninglessly yours,It is high time the pompous claims of J. G. Roederer regarding the uniqueness of his initials (June 1978 EOS , p. 533) ceased. A quick glance at the membership list reveals five, not one, JGR's in the AGU, only one of whom is J . G. Roederer. The other four are J . G. Ramsay, J . G. Richman, J . G. Robinson, and J . G. Rosenbaum. Although I am surprised at Roederer for not realizing that he is not unique, the Eos peer review process must shoulder much of the blame for allowing this error to be published.
New meteorological radar may replace radiosondes
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The radiosonde may be on its way out. A new Doppler frequency‐modulated, continuous‐wave (FM‐CW) radar has passed successive tests over the last year. The FM‐CW developed by scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration uses two antennas. The first transmits a continuous microwave signal that sweeps up and down a range of frequencies, while the second simultaneously receives return signals.Unlike conventional pulse radars, which measure the time delay between outgoing and return signals, the FM‐CW measures the difference in frequency.
Seasat
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

More than 10 years of anticipation came to an end for oceanographers recently when Seasat soared into space to launch a new era in global ocean monitoring. From its circular, near‐polar orbit, Seasat uses five instruments to constantly watch the world's oceans.William A. Nierenberg, Director of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, said ‘It is perilous to predict history, but Seasat‐A can have the same impact on oceanography that Challenger had somewhat over 100 years ago.
RISP/RIGGS bypasses limits of man‐made disciplines
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

In AGU's continuing effort to encourage dialogue among seemingly distant disciplines, several general interest sessions are planned for each meeting. One such session at the 1978 Spring Meeting focused on the Ross Ice Shelf Project (RISP).James H. Zumberge, Office of the President, Southern Methodist University, closed the interdisciplinary session with his observation that ‘the divisions of knowledge are our own creations, not nature's.’ Reports on the meteorology, geochemistry, marine geophysics, biology, and geologic history of the 500‐m‐deep ice shelf were included in this special half‐day session. The sampling area, called J9, was 411 km from the open waters of the Ross Sea in Antarctica. The floating ice sheet is roughly the size of Texas. Beneath the sheet, where no light can penetrate, is a unique environment that the RISP was designed to explore.
Solar wind study
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Late next summer, an unusual grouping of spacecraft will provide an excellent opportunity for highlatitude solar wind observations. Thomas A. Croft at SRI International is seeking participants for a concentrated solar and solar wind study program during August and September 1979 when at least four spacecraft will pass above the solar north pole on the far side of the sun away from the earth.The four spacecraft are Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Pioneer Venus orbiter, and Pioneer 11. Additionally, Helios 1 and 2 may be in position to make a useful contribution.
Rosenstiel Award in Oceanographic Science
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Nominations are invited for the 1978 Rosenstiel Award in Oceanographic Science. The award recognizes outstanding achievement and distinction in oceanographic science, including relevant aspects of ocean engineering where significant new principles are concerned, and aspects of atmospheric science with important implications for understanding of oceanic processes. The award is supported by the Rosenstiel Foundation through the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.Because of the multidisciplinary nature of oceanographic science, the award recognizes achievement in three broad areas on a rotating basis. In 1978 the award will emphasize geology, physics, and chemistry of the sea bed. The other areas in which the award will be given in subsequent years are biology and living resources and physics and chemistry of the water column and the atmosphere.
Detection limits of metal species extended by OGE
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Scientists at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) recently reported on the opto‐galvanic effect (OGE) which can be monitored electrically to eliminate problems associated with laser scatter in analytical spectrometry and spectroscopic applications. These studies of interference effects have also expanded the limits of detection of some metal species.Peter K. Schenck, John C. Travis, Kermit C. Smyth, and David S. King of NBS described their experiments with discharges involving both continuous wave and pulsed dye lasers to irradiate hollow cathode lamps usually used for spectroscopic frequency calibration and atomic absorption analysis. Since the lamps are convenient atomic reservoirs, changes induced in the conductivity of their discharges may readily be observed.
Deep‐sea sediment as radionuclide grave
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Disposing of radioactive wastes in the deep ocean continues to be a research interest. Proponents explain the relative safety of geologically stable and biologically inactive deep ocean sediments that have accumulated for millions of years and are in the process of becoming sedimentary rocks.This idea was enhanced by studies of sediment core recovered in October 1976 from an area nearly 1000 km north of Hawaii. Analysis showed that the lower portions of the 24‐m‐long core had been undisturbed for the last 70 million years. Earthquakes, volcanoes, ice ages, and tectonic plate movement did not affect the lower areas of sediment, which had a total thickness of at least 30 m.
Research proposals solicited
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The United States Geological Survey requests proposals for research contracts under the continuing Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. The areas of interest are (1) earthquake hazards studies, (2) earthquake prediction studies, and (3) studies in support of both hazards and prediciton.Earthquake hazards studies. Programs sought include evaluation of earthquake potential (tectonic framework and recurrence intervals, studies of earthquake effects (ground motion, ground failure, assessment of other earthquake related hazards, and postearthquake studies), and studies of earthquake losses and risk analysis.
Fifth Annual CGU Meeting
Authors: Palmer H. C. 
Published: October 2011

The fifth annual meeting of the Canadian Geophysical Union was held at the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, on May 15–17, 1978. The four previous meetings of the Union were held in conjunction with either the Geological Association of Canada or the Canadian Association of Physicists, since the CGU is a division of both of these parent organizations. At the previous meetings the CGU typically sponsored two or three sessions on geophysics as part of a program with either a dominant geology or physics flavor.With a membership of less than 300 and many specialized conferences competing for geophysicists' time and conference money it was with some trepidation that the CGU decided to try a meeting on its own. Ten technical sessions were proposed and 133 abstracts of papers were received, which necessitated the creation of an additional half‐day session in paleomagnetism and rock magnetism; 224 registered participants attended one or more days of the meetings.
The Arno River flood study (1971–1976)
Authors: Panattoni Lorenzo , Wallis James R. 
Published: October 2011

The Arno River in Italy intermittently inundates large areas of the Arno River basin. This paper investigates flood phenomena and evaluates some of the proposals that have been made to alleviate the flood hazard using procedures developed at the IBM Pisa Scientific Center.On the morning of November 4, 1966, the residents of Florence, Italy, awoke to find themselves the victims of a major flood. Thirty‐six people were drowned in Florence, and replaceable real property damage has been estimated at $640,000,000 (C. Pandolfi, personal communication, 1977). In addition, art treasures of inestimable value were lost, and the cleanup operation attracted worldwide attention, sympathy, and help [Judge, 1967]. As an illustration of the amount of damage caused by this catastrophic flood, we have reproduced a photograph of Ponte Vecchio (Figure 1) taken on the morning of November 5, 1966.
Are metals an endangered species
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Scientists at the Henry Krumb School of Mines at Columbia University in New York examined many possible scenarios for mineral and metal conservation and concluded that ‘industry will have to be persuaded by social and legal pressures of the necessity–even at the expense of short term profits–to design reliable and durable products with a view to recyclability.’In examining various estimates of the extent of the coming mineral crisis, John K. Tien, professor of metallurgy, and Richard M. Arons and Roy W. Clark, students at Columbia, began with criticisms of mineral exhaustion estimates such as those published in Limits to Growth by D. H. Meadows, D. L. Meadows, J. Randers, and W. Behrens (see Table 1).
Underground mining has severe environmental impacts
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

New geologic studies suggest that underground mining of coal may cause more environmental damage over long periods of time than surface strip mining followed by proper reclamation, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). While underground mining initially disturbs only a small portion of the surface above a mined area, long‐term effects from ground subsidence can be more severe and widespread than the effects from modern strip mining and reclamation.USGS geologists C. Richard Dunrud and Frank W. Osterwald emphasized that their investigations involved only coal beds with no more than 60 meters of overlying rock and soil, although other studies show that subsidence and consequent environmental damage can occur from mining coal deeper than 60 meters.