bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical Studies in the Genus Rubus: Part III. The Anatomoy of the Leaf of Rubus loganobaccus
Authors: Fell K R , Rowson J M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The anatomy of the leaf of Rubus loganobaccus L. H. Bailey, in the whole and powdered condition, is described and illustrated. A summary of the anatomical characters is given, and the anatomical features which distinguish leaves of R. loganobaccus from those of R. idaeus L. and R. fruticosus L.1,2are briefly discussed.
A Study of the Toxicity of Sulphite. I
Authors: Lockett Mary F , Natoff I L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effect of sodium metabisulphite, 750 p.p.m. as SO2, in the drinking water, has been studied through three generations of rats in experiments lasting for nearly 3 years. The metabisulphite was without effect on growth, the intake of food and fluid and the output of faeces. It did not influence fertility, the weight of the newborn or lactation: neither did it increase the frequency with which tumours developed.
Chromatographic Studies of the Effect of Intravenous Injections of Tyramine on the Concentrations of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline in Plasma
Authors: Lockett Mary F , Eakins K E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Intravenous injections of tyramine, increased the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the plasma of heparinised blood withdrawn from the lower aortae of chloralosed cats, which had been rested for 30–40 minutes after induction of lasting ganglion block with hexamethonium and exclusion of the adrenals from the circulation. Both the pressor response to tyramine and this increase in catechol amine was abolished either by pretreatment of the animal with reserpine or by the intramuscular injection of cocaine. Only one tenth of the increase in adrenaline and noradrenaline in the plasma of the lower aorta reached the inferior vena cava, and there was only a very small accompanying rise in the catechol amine content of plasma from blood taken from the base of the carotid arteries when the tyramine injected did not exceed 120 μg./kg.
The Influence of Sex on the Catabolism of Griseofulvin
Authors: Busfield Dorothy , Child K J , Basil B , Tomich E G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Blood griseofulvin levels have been determined on rats given a single oral, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal or intravenous dose and on guinea pigs and human volunteers after oral administration. In rats the blood levels of females were higher than those of males: this applied to all four routes of administration. No differences in blood levels between males and females were observed in guinea pigs or human volunteers. In vitro studies have shown that liver slices obtained from male rats destroy griseofulvin more rapidly than those from females; the sex difference did not apply to rabbits or guinea pigs.
The Colorimetric Determination of Phenacetin in Tablet Mixtures
Authors: Kum-Tatt Lee , Chian-Seng Chan 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Phenacetin may be quantitatively converted to nitrophenetidine by nitration and subsequent saponification with sodium hydroxide. The nitrophenetidine thus formed is soluble in alkaline solution and may be determined colorimetrically at 445 mμ. The method may be applied to samples containing 1 to 5 mg. of phenacetin. This method possesses several advantages over existing methods in that it is simple, sensitive and accurate and does not require the tedious separation of caffeine when applied to the determination of phenacetin in aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine mixtures. Recovery data of phenacetin in these mixtures are given. A simple and rapid procedure for the analysis of the components of aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine is also described.
The Local Anaesthetic Properties of A Series of N-Substituted p-Aminobenzoic Acid Esters of Tropine
Authors: Haining C G , Johnston R G , Scott K A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The local anaesthetic properties and toxicities of a series of N-sub-stituted p-aminobenzoic acid esters of α- and β-tropine were investigated. No consistent differences in local anaesthetic activity were observed between the corresponding α-tropine and β-tropine esters. Substitution at the p-amino group by straight chain alkyl radicals having up to four carbon atoms increased both local anaesthetic activity and toxicity. The propyl derivative was as potent as amethocaine but its therapeutic index was lower.
The Anti-Inflammatory Action of Griseofulvin in Experimental Animals
Authors: D'Arcy P F , Howard E M , Muggleton P W , Townsend Shirley B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
When tested by the cotton-pellet method in rats or the tuberculin-hypersensitivity test in guinea pigs, griseofulvin had a marked antiinflammatory action. The activity was, weight for weight, less than that of the corticosteroids tested concurrently. The anti-inflammatory action of griseofulvin appears to be independent of any effect upon the pituitary-adrenal axis.
The Identification and Determination of Nitrogenous Organic Bases with Ammonium Reineckate
Authors: Kum-Tatt Lee 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The identification and determination of several important bases as their reineckates is described. The ultra-violet and visible spectra of reineckates were studied and used for the determination of molecular weights and solubilities and for the determination of bases. This paper also records as yet unreported constants of the characteristic mono- and di-reineckate derivatives of several clinically important compounds. A method for the regeneration of the conjugate bases from the reineckates using ion exchange resins is also given.
Some Observations on the Pharmacology of 10-Methoxydeserpidine
Authors: Mir B J , Lewis J J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
10-Methoxydeserpidine caused a slow sustained fall in the arterial blood pressure of the anaesthetised cat when doses of 2 to 4 mg./kg. were given, an effect seen only when the initial blood pressure was high. Unlike reserpine and deserpidine, 10-methoxydeserpidine did not cause ptosis or loose stools in mice or rats when used at doses of from 10 to 80 mg./kg. and although pentobarbitone sleeping time was not increased, at higher doses of 40 to 80 mg./kg. there was reduction of motor activity, respiratory depression and some animals died. Unlike deserpidine the 10-methoxy derivative had no effect on the pressor responses to compression of the abdominal aorta or stimulation of the splanchnic nerve, but depressed the response to occlusion of the common carotid arteries. The LD50 of 10-methoxydeserpidine was found to be 82 ± 2–6 mg./kg. in mice. Methyl reserpate and reserpic acid showed reserpine-like activity in intact animals and isolated tissues only at very high doses.
A Note on Sodium Salicylate and Tissue 5-Hydroxytryptamine in the Rat
Authors: Medaković M , Radmanović B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The treatment of rats with large doses of sodium salicylate induces a marked decrease in the 5-hydroxytryptamine level of the skin without depleting the stores in the ileum.
After the addition of sodium salicylate to rat incubated skin, an increased release of 5-hydroxytryptamine into the surrounding fluid was noted in only 3 instances out of 10 using Vane's preparation of the rat fundus for the assay.
Stability of Atropine Solutions: Biological and Chemical Assays
Authors: Lu F C , Hummel B C W 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Atropine solutions stored at room temperature for 2 to 6 years were assayed biologically using the anti-acetylcholine action as end point. The activity of the 6-year old solutions was about 25 per cent below the labelled strength. The loss of activity was proportional to the duration of storage. Colorimetric assays on some of these samples confirmed these results. The spasmolytic and lethal activities of two other samples of partially hydrolysed atropine solutions were also determined. The presence of the hydrolysis products did not alter the ratio of these two activities of atropine. But, the biological activities of the sample, in which the hydrolysis amounted to 44 per cent, were greater than those attributable to the unhydrolysed atropine.
Studies in the Field of Diuretic Agents
Authors: Petrow V , Stephenson O , Wild A M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A procedure has been developed for converting sulphamyl derivatives of aniline into the corresponding sulphamyl-sulphonchlorides. The latter have been condensed with ammonia and with amines giving novel 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-disulphamyl derivatives of benzene, required for examination as diuretics.
The Release of Sympathetic Amines by Tyramine from the Aortic Walls of Cats
Authors: Lockett Mary F , Eakins K E 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Horns of rat uteri in chambers, perfused with the femoral arterial blood of cats, relaxed during pressor responses to intravenous injections of tyramine, but failed to do so when half this weight of tyramine was put directly into the arterial blood bathing the uterine horn. Concentrations of tyramine, evoking only threshold inhibitions of rat uteri, have been shown to release one or more compounds from the isolated perfused aortae of cats. The substances released inhibit the spontaneous and induced contractions of rats' uteri. Finally both adrenaline and noradrenaline have been demonstrated in extracts of cats' aortae.
Respiratory Tract Fluid and Inhalation of Phosgene
Authors: Boyd Eldon M , Perry William F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Increase in the permeability of the respiratory membrane of rabbits after exposure to phosgene was followed by measuring the output and composition of respiratory tract fluid. During the latent period, levels of sodium and chloride in respiratory tract fluid were elevated but volume was normal. During the early symptomatic period, the levels of sodium and chloride were definitely elevated but volume was still normal. Just before death in the late symptomatic period, respiratory tract fluid poured out of the lungs at a rate which averaged 60 times the normal and its sodium, chloride, and lipid levels were identical to those of blood plasma. Rabbits in the last group had an intense pulmonary oedema, haemoconcentration, and little or no resistance to the lethal effect of urethane.
Influence of Haloperidol (R 1625) and of Haloperidide (R 3201) on Avoidance and Escape Behaviour of Trained Dogs in A “Jumping Box”
Authors: Niemegeers Carlos J E , Janssen Paul A J 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The experimental details of a technique for establishing conditioned responses on the basis of escape and avoidance behaviour of dogs in an electrically charged “jumping box” are described. The method is similar to the well-known Warner technique for rats. The influence of two new neuroleptic agents, haloperidol (R 1625) and haloperidide (R 3201), on the behaviour of trained dogs is reported. One and five hours after injection the effects of both compounds are qualitatively and quantitatively indistinguishable. Haloperidol has a longer duration of action. These results are of particular interest in view of the fact that haloperidide is about ten times more active than haloperidol as an antagonist of apomorphine-induced emesis in dogs.
A Note on the Oxidative Deamination of Isomers of 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Other Indolealkylamines
Authors: Erspamer V , Ferrini R , Glässer A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Monoamine oxidase from guinea pig tissues oxidises 4-hydroxy-tryptamine, 6-hydroxytryptamine and 7-hydroxytryptamine at about 50–70 per cent of the rate of 5-hydroxytryptamine. For the rat liver the relative rate of oxidation of 6-hydroxytryptamine is less. 5-Methoxytryptamine and tryptamine are substrates for amine oxidase as good as, or better than 5-hydroxytryptamine, whereas iso-5-hydroxytryptamine and iso-tryptamine are oxidised less readily than 5-hydroxytryptamine and tryptamine. 5-Hydroxy-β-hydroxy-NN-dimethyltryptamine(β-hydroxybufotenine) does not seem to be a substrate for amine oxidase from guinea pig kidney.
A Slope-Ratio Design for Accelerated Storage Tests
Authors: Tootill J P R 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An experimental design is presented for predicting the “expiry” dates of pharmaceutical preparations at various storage temperatures on the basis of the degradation rates observed in short time studies at elevated temperatures. The design is based on the observation that a suitable metameter of potency falls off linearly with time at a rate depending on the absolute temperature, in accordance with the Arrhenius equation. It is particularly applicable when relatively imprecise assay methods have to be employed. The design is so constructed to involve the minimum number of time-temperature combinations necessary to check the validity of the assumptions made in applying the Arrhenius equation, and also to provide a precise estimate of known error for the expiry date.
Ethylene Oxide Sterilisation—Some Experiences and Some Practical Limitations
Authors: Royce A , Bowler C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Causes of failure to sterilise using ethylene oxide have been investigated. Organisms can occur naturally in conditions in which they are “protected” from the action of the gas, and in consequence its action on organisms which have been artificially protected has been studied. The work is discussed with particular reference to moisture content and relative humidity, and means of overcoming the difficulties of sterilising “protected” organisms are suggested. Bacteriological controls have been found unreliable without safeguards.
The Determination of Hexachlorophane and Other Phenols in Pharmaceutical Preparations by A Δ E Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: Elvidge D A , Peutrell B 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The changes in spectral characteristics of phenolic compounds which occur with variations in pH have been used to develop a simple, rapid method for their determination in pharmaceutical preparations. Results compare favourably with those obtained by chemical analysis. The method is more specific than the chemical method.
The Strength of Compressed Tablets
Authors: Shotton E , Ganderton D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Examination of the fracture of tablets in a strength test has revealed two types of failure. Where the interparticulate bond is strong, fracture occurs across the grains and the strength of tablet is a simple function of the particle size. If the interparticulate bond is weak, fracture occurs around the grain and particle size has little effect. A thin coating of stearic acid was used to weaken the interparticulate bond when the effect of grain size on strength disappeared or was reversed. The relation of bonding and capping is discussed and it is shown that capping can be reduced by weakening the interparticulate bond.
A Specific Solvent-Extraction Method for the Determination of Trace Quantities of Fluoride
Authors: Johnson C A , Leonard M A 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A method is described for the specific determination of trace quantities of fluoride. The procedure depends upon the solvent extraction and subsequent colorimetric measurement of the blue complex formed between fluoride and the cerous-alizarin complexan chelate. Concentrations of 0.25 to 7 μg. of fluoride in 150 ml. of water can be determined. The method has been shown to be applicable to distillates from strong acid and has been used for solid samples of low fluoride content.
Entrainment and Flooding in Vertical Still-Heads
Authors: Evans A J , Shotton E , Train D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An investigation has been made of the entrainment entering, and collected on, vertical still-heads from a boiling solution. The entrainment entering the still-heads increased gradually with increasing distillation rate until the Reynolds Number of the vapour in the still head reached a value of about 10,000. At this point a much greater rate of increase was noted and was accompanied by a greater rate of collection of the entrainment over all sections of the still-head. The value of 10,000 for the Reynolds Number was verified from the observations of others. The true flooding effect did not occur until much higher distillation rates, when there was a sudden increase in the volume of liquid collected at the top of the still-head and a corresponding decrease in that collected at the bottom. Increasing the length of the still-head from 30 to 60 inches showed an increase in maximum collecting efficiency from approximately 96 to 99 per cent. Decontamination factors compared favourably with those obtained by other workers using more complex packed columns.
The Assay of Enzyme Activity by the Plate-Diffusion Technique
Authors: Carter D V , Sykes G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The technique described provides a convenient means for estimating various enzymes quantitatively. Only a few examples are quoted, but provided suitable indicator substrates can be found the range can be extended. Having established the procedure for one enzyme, it is applicable to others, subject only to the variation in substrate required and the different dilutions of the enzyme preparation necessary to obtain satisfactory responses. Thus, the method is more convenient and easier to manipulate than are the existing methods, including those official in the B.P. and U.S.P.; moreover, as already stated, the assay is quantitative, the limits of error being only about 8 per cent (P = 0.95).
The Influence of the Variations in Solubilising Properties of Polysorbate 80 on the Vitamin a Palmitate: Polysorbate 80: Glycerol: Water System
Authors: Boon P F G , Coles C L J , Tait M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The vitamin A palmitate: Polysorbate 80: glycerol: water system has been studied with special reference to the production of one-phase, water miscible, transparent solutions. The preparation of such solutions has been shown to depend on the hydrophile-lipophile balance of Polysorbate 80; this can be controlled by a cloud-point titration method.
Some Observations on the Flow Properties of Barium Sulphate Suspensions
Authors: Carless J E , Chenoy N C 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Barium sulphate particles of narrow size range were prepared by precipitation and the flow properties of suspensions of these particles were investigated. Particle sizes were determined by a photo-extinction sedimentometer method. The mean size of the particles varied from 6 μ to less than 1 μ. The flow properties of the suspensions can be explained by relating the viscosity not only to the volume concentration of the solid present but also to the volume of “free liquid” in the suspension. The Roscoe equation equating the relative viscosity to the concentration of a suspension, fits the experimental results, if an “effective concentration” is substituted for the actual concentration of solid. The “effective concentration” is the total volume of solid together with the solvent trapped within clumps of particles. This effective concentration was estimated from the sedimentation volume of the suspension.
The Inhibition of the l-Histidine Decarboxylases of Guinea-Pig Kidney and Rat Hepatoma
Authors: Robinson B , Shepherd D M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The preparation of some potential inhibitors of l-histidine decarboxylase is described. These, and certain commercially available compounds, have been compared for their ability to inhibit in vitro the histidine decarboxylases of guinea-pig kidney and of the transplantable rat hepatoma (F-Hep). Structure-activity relationships of these inhibitors are discussed.
The Oxidation of Aldehydes in Aqueous Solutions of Cetomacrogol
Authors: Carless J E , Mitchell A G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The oxidation of emulsions and solutions of five paraffinic aldehydes in aqueous solutions of cetomacrogol was measured manometrically at 25°. The rate of oxidation depends on the saturation of the dispersion and not on the concentrations of aldehyde and cetomacrogol except in so far as these control saturation. A method of expressing saturation, applicable to both solutions and emulsions is proposed. Differences between the oxidation rates of emulsions containing aldehydes of different chain length are shown to depend mainly on the proportion of aldehyde in the disperse phase.
A Note on the Paper Chromatographic Separation of Codeine, Morphine and Nalorphine
Authors: Street Harold V 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Codeine has been separated from a mixture of codeine, morphine and nalorphine on Whatman ET20 ion-exchange paper, in 5 min. A mixture of morphine and nalorphine has been separated in 90 min. by horizontal circular reversed phase paper chromatography. Using ascending chromatography at 86° on tributyrin-treated paper, an unequivocal resolution of a mixture of morphine, nalorphine and codeine has been achieved within 20 min.
A Modified Procedure for the Determination of Isoniazid in Mixtures with Sodium p-Aminosalicylate
Authors: Kum-Tatt Lee , Yan-Hon Ho 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A modification of a routine method for the determination of isoniazid in mixtures with sodium p-aminosalicylate in tablet form is described. After the removal of interfering tablet excipients with hydrochloric acid the isoniazid is determined by reduction of the hydrazine group with a zinc-copper couple in potassium hydroxide to ammonia which is absorbed in standard acid the excess of which is titrated with standard alkali.
The Morphology and Histology of Seeds of Datura Cornigera Hook
Authors: Wellendorf M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The macroscopical and microscopical characters of the seeds of Datura cornigera Hook, are described and illustrated. A most striking feature is the peculiar spongy parenchyma which constitutes the major part of the testa. The location of alkaloids is surprising, only the collapsed inner part of the testa showed no content of alkaloids. In the outer layers of the endosperm, many cells contained regular crystals of a substance which dissolved in strong sulphuric acid giving an intense orange colour.
The Effect of Deficiency and Small Excess of Thiamine on the Rat Phrenic Nerve Diaphragm Preparation
Authors: Bhagat B , Lockett Mary F 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Preparations made from thiamine deficient rats showed subnormal twitch tensions in response to nerve stimulation but gave normal twitch tensions when directly stimulated. Tensions developed during tetanus were subnormal whether elicited directly or indirectly. Sensitivity to an excess of potassium ion was reduced but that to tubocurarine remained unchanged. Excess of thiamine, in near physiological concentrations, was almost devoid of curare-like action except in the presence of an excess of thyroid hormone.
The Hydrolysis of Ethyl Benzoate, Diethyl Phthalate and Benzocaeme in Cetrimide Solutions
Authors: Mitchell A G 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The effect of cetrimide on the alkaline hydrolysis of emulsions and solutions of ethyl benzoate and diethyl phthalate and solutions of benzocaine has been investigated. In the initial stages of the reaction, the hydrolysis rate of emulsions increases with cetrimide concentration while that of solutions decreases. In the later stages the rate of hydrolysis decreases with increasing cetrimide concentration.
Estimation and Urinary Excretion of Tetrahydroaminoacrxdine
Authors: Kaul P N 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Two methods for the quantitative determination of tetrahydroamino-acridine in aqueous solutions and in urine are described. Four metabolites have been isolated from the rat urine. Two of these, constituting the major proportion of the total metabolites, have also been isolated from human urine and partially characterised.