bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STEADY‐STATE LUXURY CONSUMPTION AND THE CONCEPT OF OPTIMUM NUTRIENT RATIOS: A STUDY WITH PHOSPHATE AND NITRATE LIMITED SELENASTRUM MINUTUM (CHLOROPHYTA)1
Authors: Elrifi Ivor R. , Turpin David H. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT Selenastrum minutum (Naeg.) Collins was grown over a wide range of growth rates under phosphate or nitrate limitation with non‐limiting nutrients added to great excess. This resulted in saturated luxury consumption. The relationships between growth rate and cell quota for the limiting nutrients were well described by the Droop relationship. The observed variability in N cell quota under N limitation as reflected in kQ·Qmax−1*, was similar in magnitude to previously reported values but kQ·Qmax−1* for P under P limitation was greater than previously reported for other species. These results were evaluated in light of the optimum ratio hypothesis. Our findings support previous work suggesting that the use of a single optimum ratio (kQi·KQj−1) is inappropriate for dealing with a species growing under steady‐state nutrient limitation. Under these conditions the optimum ratio should be viewed as a growth rate dependent variable. Two approaches for testing the growth rate dependency of optimum ratios are proposed.The capacity for luxury consumption differed between nutrients and was growth rate dependent. At low growth rates, the coefficient of luxury consumption (Rsat) for P was ca. four times that for N. The set of all possible relationships between N and P cell quota under these conditions was reported and these values were then used to establish the cellular N:P niche boundaries for S. minutum. Cell quotas of non‐limiting nutrients were not described by the Droop equation. Analysis showed that as the cellular N:P ratio deviates from the optimum ratio, the ability of the Droop equation to describe the relationship between growth rate and non‐limiting cell quotas decreases. When non‐limiting nutrient cell quotas are saturated, the Droop equation appears to be invalid. Previously reported patterns of non‐limiting nutrient utilization are summarized in support of this conclusion. The physiological and ecological consequences of luxury consumption and growth rate dependent optimum ratios are considered.
THE FLAGELLAR APPARATUS OF OXYRRHIS MARINA (PYRROPHYTA)1
Authors: Roberts Keith R. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe three‐dimensional structure of the flagellar apparatus in the dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina has been reinvestigated and found to consist of several previously unknown components and component combinations that appear strikingly similar to those of some gymnodinoid taxa.The flagellar apparatus of this dinoflagellate is asymmetric and extremely complex consisting of a longitudinal and a transverse basal body that gives rise to eight structurally different components. The only posteriorly directed component is the large microtubular root that consists of 45–50 microtubules at its origin and is attached proximally to a perpendicularly oriented striated fibrous component. Arising from each basal body, two striated fibrous roots with different periodicities extend to the cell's left. A single stranded microtubular root with associated electron dense material emanates from the transverse basal body and also extends to the cell's left. A striated fibrous connective arises from the longitudinal basal body and extends toward the cell's right ventral surface and terminates near the sub‐thecal microtubular system. A compound root consisting of microtubules and electron dense material also originates from the longitudinal basal body and extends ventrally into the anterior region of the tentacle.Structural similarities between the parallel striated fibrous roots of Oxyrrhis and Polykrikos are discussed as are flagellar apparatus similarities among other gymnodinoid dinoflagellates. A diagrammatic reconstruction of the Oxyrrhis flagellar apparatus is also presented.
AN INVESTIGATION OF DISTRIBUTIONAL PATTERNS IN THE DIATOM FLORA OF NETARTS BAY, OREGON, BY CORRESPONDENCE ANALYSIS1
Authors: Whiting Mark C. , McIntire C. David 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTDistributional patterns in assemblages of epiphytic and sediment‐associated diatoms were investigated in Netarts Bay, Oregon. The method of reciprocal averaging revealed a floristic discontinuity between the epiphytic and sediment samples in ordination space. The basis for this discontinuity was the presence of a large number of sediment‐associated taxa that were either very rare or not observed in the epiphytic samples. Within the sediment samples, the diatom flora formed a distributional continuum which had relatively high correlations with mean grain size, a sediment sorting coefficient, and the organic matter content of the sediment. A comparison of the flora in Netarts Bay with floras in other Oregon estuaries indicates that epiphytic, epilithic, and sediment‐associated diatom assemblages do not exhibit conspicuous latitudinal changes along the coast of Oregon, and that many of the same taxa can be expected to occur in samples from comparable habitats in estuaries throughout the temperate regions of the world.
EFFECTS OF SELENIUM DEFICIENCY ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE COASTAL MARINE DIATOM THALASSIOSIRA PSEUDONANA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1,2
Authors: Doucette Gregory J. , Price Neil M. , Harrison Paul J. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe effects of selenium deficiency on the siliceous and nonsiliceous components of the planktonic marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (Hust.) Hasle and Heimdal (clone 3H) are examined using light and electron microscopy. Selenium deficiency induces elongation along the pervalvar axis initially as a result of chain formation caused by the failure of sibling cells to separate and subsequently by cell elongation via the production of hyaline girdle bands. In Se‐deficient cultures cell elongation involves the blockage of both mitotic and cytokinetic components of cell division. Selenium deficiency results in ultra‐structural alterations in the reticular membrane system and in mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes. Various types of inclusions are seen in vacuolar areas and the accumulation of lipid reserves is evident in Se‐deficient cells. These results provide indirect evidence for a metabolic Se requirement in this algal species.
OCCURRENCE OF THREENITZSCHIA(BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) TAXA WITHIN COLONIES OF TUBE‐FORMING DIATOMS1
Authors: Carr Jennifer M. , Hergenrader Gary L. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIn benthic samples from the unchannelized Missouri River, the diatomsNitzschia dissipata(Kütz.) Grun.,N. filiformis(W.Sm.) Schütt andN. pseudofonticolaHust. were observed within the mucilage tubes of four tube‐forming diatoms: Cymbella prostrata(Berk.) Cl.,C. prostratavar.auerswaldii(Rabh.) Reim.,Navicula tripunctatavar.schizonemoides(V.H.) Patr., andNitzschia filiformis.Microscopical observations of live and preserved specimens indicated that “invasion” byNitzschiaoccurred primarily in older tubes. Data are presented on the environmental conditions in which the tube‐formers and their cohabitants have been found.
KINETICS OF NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND GROWTH IN PHYTOPLANKTON1
Authors: Morel François M. M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTMicroscopic algae ran grow rapidly in natural waters that are extremely low in essential macro and micro nutrients. Yet, their nutrient uptake systems exhibit only mediocre nutrient affinities, the saturation constants being often 10–1000 times the (estimated) ambient concentrations. The large difference which exists between the saturation constants for growth (Kμ) and short term uptake (Kρ) are due to the acclimation capabilities of the organisms. Over the acclimation range, Kμ to Kρ, the algae can maintain maximum growth rate by modulating both their internal nutrient quotas (Q) and their maximum short term nutrient uptake rates (ρmax) in response to variations in external nutrient concentrations. The commonly assumed hyperbolic relationships for steady growth and uptake (viz “chemostat theory”) are coherent with a hyperbolic expression for short term uptake including a variable maximum (ρmax). The ratio of the saturation constants for growth and uptake is then directly related to the extreme in quotas and maximum uptake rates:Kμ/Kρ= Qmin/Qmax·ρlomax/ρhimax. This result is applicable even when the exact hyperbolic laws are not. Published data on Fe, Mn, P and N limitation in algae are generally in accord with the theory and demonstrate a wider acclimation range for trace than for major nutrients.
Genetic relationship among several pig populations in East Asia analysed by blood groups and serum protein polymorphisrns
Authors: Tanaka K. , Oishi T. , Kurosawa Y. , Suzuki S. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe gene frequencies were calculated to investigate genetic variation apparent in blood group and serum protein systems in Asian native pigs. The results revealed that gene frequencies were generally similar in the nine pig populations, except in some systems. Differences of gene frequencies were recognized in HpY and Cpc detected on Taoyuan pigs of Taiwan and Ohmini pigs of Japan, respectively. TfC and AmC alleles were found in eight pig populations except Ohmini pigs.The overall genetic distances were calculated by gene frequencies of 13 loci and it was observed that Taoyuan pigs are closer to Ohmini pigs than to Short‐ear pigs of Taiwan and other East Asian native pigs. However, the genetic distances between Asian native pigs and European or American breeds were larger than those among East Asian native pig populations.
Neovascularization in mucinous ductal carcinoma in situ suggests an alternative pathway for invasion
Authors: Gadre S A , Perkins G H , Sahin A A , Sneige N , Deavers M T , Middleton L P 
Published: August 2010

Aims:  Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) associated with invasive mucinous carcinoma (IMC) has not been well characterized. The aim was to characterize mucinous DCIS (mDCIS) of the breast and to describe, to our knowledge for the first time, neovascularization in mucin.Methods and results:  The pathology reports and slides were reviewed from 44 patients treated between 2003 and 2006 at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, whose diagnosis fulfilled the criteria of IMC or DCIS with mucin production. The patients, all female, had a mean age of 62 years. DCIS was present in 93% of cases and the predominant histological types were solid, cribriform and micropapillary. The DCIS was grade 1 in 12 of 41 cases (29.3%), grade 2 in 25 of 41 cases (61%) and grade 3 in four of 41 cases (9.8%). Mucin was seen in the lumen of the ducts involved by DCIS in 88% of cases, mucin and vessels in 63.4% of cases and neither mucin nor vessels in 12.2%. The DCIS was vascular endothelial growth factor‐positive, platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐beta‐positive and CDX‐2‐negative (100%). Occasional luminal cells within the DCIS were immunopositive for CD68.Conclusions:  A significant number of mDCIS showed neovascularization in intraluminal mucin. When identified on core needle biopsy, the presence of vascularized mucin should not be used alone to discriminate between invasive and in situ carcinoma. A hypothesis proposed for the source of recruitment of vessels in the mucin is that mucin can promote neovascularization and that tumour cells invade not into the adjacent fibroconnective tissue, but rather into the mucinous, richly vascularized stroma that they have induced. Alternatively, it is possible that both cells and their secretory product invade together. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize neovascularization within the mucinous component of DCIS associated with and without IMC.
Expression of β‐dystroglycan is reduced or absent in many human carcinomas
Authors: Cross S S , Lippitt J , Mitchell A , Hollingsbury F , Balasubramanian S P , Reed M W R , Eaton C , Catto J W , Hamdy F , Winder S J 
Published: August 2010

Aims:  Dystroglycan is an important structural and signalling protein that is expressed in most human cells. α‐Dystroglycan has been investigated and found to be reduced in human cancers, but there is only one published study on the expression of β‐dystroglycan in human cancer and that was only on small numbers of breast and prostatic cancers. The aim was to conduct a comprehensive immunohistochemical survey of the expression of β‐dystroglycan in normal human tissues and common cancers.Methods and results:  Triplicate tissue microarrays of 681 samples of normal human tissues and common cancers were stained using an antibody directed against the cytoplasmic component of β‐dystroglycan. β‐Dystroglycan was strongly expressed at the intercellular junctions and basement membranes of all normal human epithelia. Expression of β‐dystroglycan was absent or markedly reduced in 100% of oesophageal adenocarcinomas, 97% of colonic cancers, 100% of transitional cell carcinomas of the urothelium and 94% of breast cancers. In the breast cancers, the only tumours that showed any retention of β‐dystroglycan expression were small low‐grade oestrogen receptor‐positive tumours. The only cancers that showed retention of β‐dystroglycan expression were cutaneous basal cell carcinomas.Conclusions:  There is loss or marked reduction of β‐dystroglycan expression (by immunohistochemistry) in the vast majority of human cancers surveyed. Since β‐dystroglycan is postulated to have a tumour suppressor effect, this loss may have important functional significance.
Assessment of study quality for systematic reviews: a comparison of the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool: methodological research
Authors: Armijo‐Olivo Susan , Stiles Carla R. , Hagen Neil A. , Biondo Patricia D. , Cummings Greta G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground  The Cochrane Collaboration is strongly encouraging the use of a newly developed tool, the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (CCRBT), for all review groups. However, the psychometric properties of this tool to date have yet to be described. Thus, the objective of this study was to add information about psychometric properties of the CCRBT including inter‐rater reliability and concurrent validity, in comparison with the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool (EPHPP).Methods  Both tools were used to assess the methodological quality of 20 randomized controlled trials included in our systematic review of the effectiveness of knowledge translation interventions to improve the management of cancer pain. Each study assessment was completed independently by two reviewers using each tool. We analysed the inter‐rater reliability of each tool's individual domains, as well as final grade assigned to each study.Results  The EPHPP had fair inter‐rater agreement for individual domains and excellent agreement for the final grade. In contrast, the CCRBT had slight inter‐rater agreement for individual domains and fair inter‐rater agreement for final grade. Of interest, no agreement between the two tools was evident in their final grade assigned to each study. Although both tools were developed to assess ‘quality of the evidence’, they appear to measure different constructs.Conclusions  Both tools performed quite differently when evaluating the risk of bias or methodological quality of studies in knowledge translation interventions for cancer pain. The newly introduced CCRBT assigned these studies a higher risk of bias. Its psychometric properties need to be more thoroughly validated, in a range of research fields, to understand fully how to interpret results from its application.
Practice Nurses’ and Health Visitors’ knowledge of obesity assessment and management
Authors: Green S. M. , McCoubrie M. , Cullingham C. 
Published: August 2010

Background Obesity is increasing in prevalence in the UK. Practice Nurses (PNs) and to a lesser extent Health Visitors (HVs) may advise patients/clients on weight management. The aim of this survey was to examine HVs and PNs knowledge concerning the assessment and management of obesity by use of a questionnaire.Method A postal questionnaire was sent to 35 HVs and 49 PNs based at 24 practices within one regional health authority. The practices had participated in a previous survey. A 54% (17 HVs and 28 PNs) response rate was achieved.Results Responses indicated that little education concerning obesity had been received since professional registration, and a need for this was identified. Most respondents used a computer or chart to calculate BMI of patients/client. Three HVs and 21 PNs correctly identified that a BMI of > 29 or 30 indicated obesity, and six HVs and 21 PNs identified that centrally distributed obesity is associated with a greater risk of metabolic disease. Most respondents indicated they would advise a person with obesity to follow a low‐fat diet; however, a low‐energy diet was indicated by some. The majority were able to identify which of a number of foods were high in fat, although some low‐fat foods were frequently misclassified. Most respondents mentioned the importance of lifestyle change and physical activity. Recommended weight loss generally followed current guidelines.Conclusion Recommendations for practice are outlined. These include closer liason with dietetic services, more emphasis on the assessment of eating habits and lifestyle, greater use of a client‐centred approach and use of appropriate guidelines on physical activity. Further research should be carried out to explore the results of this small‐scale study.
Apheresis platelet concentrates contain platelet‐derived and endothelial cell‐derived microparticles
Authors: Rank A. , Nieuwland R. , Liebhardt S. , Iberer M. , Grützner S. , Toth B. , Pihusch R. 
Published: August 2010

Background and Objectives  Microparticles (MP) are membrane vesicles with thrombogenic and immunomodulatory properties. We determined MP subgroups from resting platelets, activated platelets and endothelial cells in donors and apheresis platelet concentrates (PC).Material and Methods  MP were double stained with annexin V and CD61 (platelet‐derived MP; PMP), P‐selectin or CD63 (MP from activated platelets) and CD144 plus E‐selectin (endothelial cell‐derived MP; EMP) and detected by flow cytometry in platelet donors (n = 36) and apheresis PC (n = 11; Trima™).Results  PC contained MP, mainly from resting platelets [93% (90–95)], and minor fractions of PMP from activated platelets [P‐selectin+ or CD63+; 4·8% (3·2–7·7) and 2·6% (2·0–4·0)]. Compared to donors, levels of annexin V+ MP, PMP, P‐selectin+ and CD63+ MP were 1·7‐, 2·3‐, 8·6‐ and 3·1‐fold higher in PC (all P < 0·05). During storage (1–5 days), levels of annexin V+ MP and PMP did not increase, although small increases in the fraction of P‐selectin+ or CD63+ MP occurred (both P < 0·05). PC also contained EMP, which were 2·6‐ to 3·7‐fold enriched in PC compared to donors (P < 0·05).Conclusions  Transfusion of apheresis PC also results in transfusion of HLA‐carrying PMP and EMP. This might counteract the aim of reducing transfused HLA load by leucodepletion. The increases in PMP exposing P‐selectin or CD63 reflect mild platelet activation during storage. We conclude that in leucodepleted platelet apheresis using fluidized particle bed technology, MP are harvested mainly from the donor by apheresis. Improvement in apheresis technology might reduce MP load.
Relationship between stump treatment coverage using the biological control product PG Suspension, and control of Heterobasidion annosum on Corsican pine, Pinus nigra ssp. laricio
Authors: Tubby K. V. , Scott D. , Webber J. F. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe relationship between the proportion of the stump surface covered by the biological stump treatment agent PG Suspension, containing Phlebiopsis gigantea and its efficacy against the pathogen Heterobasidion annosum sensu stricto was studied during a first thinning of Corsican pine (Pinus nigra ssp. laricio) in Thetford Forest, UK. PG Suspension was manually applied to 100%, 75%, 50% or 0% of the surface of 150 stumps. Spores of H. annosum were inoculated onto 75 of the stumps, and the remaining stumps exposed to natural airborne spore deposition. The relationship between coverage and efficacy was found to be quantitative. Covering all the stump surface with PG Suspension completely excluded the pathogen, whereas stumps not treated with PG Suspension (the 0% treatment) became infected with H. annosum. Partial (75%) PG Suspension coverage resulted in the pathogen colonizing 40% of stumps following artificial inoculation with H. annosum, and just 7% of stumps exposed to ambient H. annosum spore infection. Decreasing levels of coverage allowed increasing areas of the stump surface to be colonized by H. annosum. Some small gaps in coverage were closed by lateral growth of P. gigantea, but it is recommended that operators aim for full stump coverage to give complete protection against H. annosum.
Sirococcus conigenus, Sirococcus piceicola sp. nov. and Sirococcus tsugae sp. nov. on conifers: anamorphic fungi in the Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales
Authors: Rossman A. Y. , Castlebury L. A. , Farr D. F. , Stanosz G. R. 
Published: August 2010

Summary Sirococcus is a genus of asexually reproducing fungi that includes important pathogens causing shoot blight and tip dieback of conifers. In this paper, the type species of Sirococcus, S. conigenus, is redescribed and illustrated, and an epitype designated. In addition, two new species are recognized. Sirococcus piceicola sp. nov. is described from species of Picea in Canada and Switzerland. A second new species, S. tsugae sp. nov., is known only from western North America on species of Cedrus and Tsuga. These three species can be distinguished based on morphological differences and molecular sequence data from four genes. The three species of Sirococcus on conifers vary in conidiomatal wall structure, shape of the conidiogenous cells, and shape and size of conidia.
Integrated watershed management: A planning methodology for construction of new dams in Ethiopia
Authors: Tefera Bezuayehu , Stroosnijder Leo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntegrated watershed management (IWM) is emerging as an alternative to the centrally planned and sectoral approaches that currently characterize the planning process for dam construction in Ethiopia. This report clarifies the concept of IWM, and reviews the major social, environmental and economic problems caused by dams in Ethiopia and elsewhere. Dams are planned from a top‐down perspective in Ethiopia, some people are relocated against their will, haphazard land‐use changes can occur, and soil erosion and reservoir sedimentation can increase. Many communities affected by dam constructions have not been sufficiently recognized or compensated, and environmental protection measures such as land‐use planning and soil and water conservation have not been adopted in watersheds in which construction of dams is occurring. Furthermore, revenues generated from hydropower and water supplies often benefit urban dwellers, or the national economy, at the expense of rural inhabitants in watersheds. Creation of a multistakeholder platform, integration of soft system methodology with hard system tools, and completion of environmental protection measures should be among the major components of an improved planning methodology for construction of new dams in Ethiopia. This translates into an environment wherein science and knowledge can help watershed inhabitants create a diversity of locally appropriate resource management solutions. Effective implementation of environmental policies and strategies could improve the quality of watershed‐based developments. The conclusion is that the IWM approach is a good alternative to effectively address the social, environmental and economic problems associated with planning and constructing new dams in Ethiopia.