bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-electron conduction band of a graphene quantum dot and coherent spin manipulation
Authors: Xu Wen-Jun , Liu Rui-Jiang , Dong Qing-Rui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To get a carbon-based qubit, we pay attention to the two-electron conduction band of a graphene quantum dot (GQD) in the presence of an external magnetic field and an extrinsic Rashba spin-orbit interaction (SOI). To help understand the formation of the two-electron spectra, we first calculate the tight-binding (TB) spectra. There exist the sensitivity of the conduction band to magnetic fields and the mixing of spin states induced by a Rashba SOI. The two factors inspire the study of the magnetic-field modulation of the conduction band for realizing a spin qubit. We present the method for calculating the electronic structure of a few-electron GQD. The roles of the Coulomb interaction and the Rashba SOI in the two-electron conduction band are investigated. The Coulomb interaction contributes to a singlet-triplet level crossing and the Rashba SOI leads to a singlet-triplet mixing. The fast initialization and coherent manipulation of spin states are demonstrated by the magnetic control of singlet-triplet splitting.
Shell-model representations of the microscopic version of the Bohr–Mottelson collective model
Authors: Ganev H G 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The structure of the irreducible collective spaces of the group Sp(12, R), which many-particle nuclear states are classified according to the chain Sp(12, R) ⊃ U(6) ⊃ SO(6) ⊃ SU

pn
(3) ⨂ SO(2) ⊃ SO(3) of the proton–neutron symplectic model (PNSM), is considered in detail. This chain of the PNSM was recently shown to correspond to a microscopic shell-model version of the Bohr–Mottelson collective model. The construction of the relevant shell-model representations of the Sp(12, R) group along this chain is considered for three nuclei with varying collective properties and from different mass regions. It is shown that the SU

pn
(3) basis states of the Sp(12, R) representations belonging to the SO(6) irreps with seniority υ ≥ υ
0, with υ
0 denoting the maximal seniority SO(6) irrep contained in the Sp(12, R) bandhead, are always Pauli allowed, but organized in a different way into different SO(6) shells. This is in contrast to the case of filling the levels of the standard three-dimensional harmonic oscillator and using the plethysm operation. Although the SU

pn
(3) multiplets within υ < υ
0 are not all Pauli forbidden, it is safe to discard them. The results obtained in the present work are important for the practical application of the microscopic version of the Bohr–Mottelson collective model.
Topological defects on solutions of the non-relativistic equation for extended double ring-shaped potential
Authors: Boudjedaa Badredine , Ahmed Faizuddin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, we focus into the non-relativistic wave equation described by the Schrödinger equation, specifically considering angular-dependent potentials within the context of a topological defect background generated by a cosmic string. Our primary goal is to explore quasi-exactly solvable problems by introducing an extended ring-shaped potential. We utilize the Bethe ansatz method to determine the angular solutions, while the radial solutions are obtained using special functions. Our findings demonstrate that the eigenvalue solutions of quantum particles are intricately influenced by the presence of the topological defect of the cosmic string, resulting in significant modifications compared to those in a flat space background. The existence of the topological defect induces alterations in the energy spectra, disrupting degeneracy. Afterwards, we extend our analysis to study the same problem in the presence of a ring-shaped potential against the background of another topological defect geometry known as a point-like global monopole. Following a similar procedure, we obtain the eigenvalue solutions and analyze the results. Remarkably, we observe that the presence of a global monopole leads to a decrease in the energy levels compared to the flat space results. In both cases, we conduct a thorough numerical analysis to validate our findings.
Applying deep learning technique to chiral magnetic wave search*
Authors: Zhao 赵 Yuan-Sheng 渊晟 , Huang 黄 Xu-Guang 旭光 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The chiral magnetic wave (CMW) is a collective mode in quark-gluon plasma originated from the chiral magnetic effect (CME) and chiral separation effect. Its detection in heavy-ion collisions is challenging owing to significant background contamination. In [Y. S. Zhao et al., Phys. Rev. C 106, L051901 (2022)], we constructed a neural network that accurately identifies the CME-related signal from the final-state pion spectra. In this study, we have generalized this neural network to the case of CMW search. We show that, after an updated training, the neural network effectively recognizes the CMW-related signal. Additionally, we have assessed the performance of the neural network in comparison with other known methods for CMW search.
The Energy Field Approach
Authors: Becker Manuel , Hopf Martin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Energy is an important crosscutting concept across middle and high school grades. However, studies show that students struggle understanding this concept. To address this problem, we started a design-based research project called “the energy field approach” (EFA). This project develops a teaching learning sequence (TLS) for high schools (grades 10-12). The design follows the model of educational reconstruction and builds on a clarification of the scientific content as well as on knowledge about students’ conceptions and misconceptions on the relevant topic. The result is a teaching concept and TLS that can be used by teachers for energy instruction. As a key feature, it traces traditional energy forms back to only kinetic energy and field energy. This simplifies the surface structure of the energy concept and makes sense of the meaning of energy forms like for instance chemical energy that have been “blackboxes” in traditional energy instruction before. This makes students more likely to draw back on energy ideas when reasoning about phenomena. The TLS is cyclically evaluated and re-designed by conduct and qualitative analysis of teaching experiments according to the method of probing acceptance. Results show that the concept and TLS are helpful for students to combine ideas about energy and fields and analyze processes from an energy perspective. The concept is found to be useful for a “deeper understanding” in the students’ perception. Further studies still have to be conducted to investigate the effects in a bigger setting and on further learning.
DBR based Redesign cycle of a TLS on Dynamics for High School
Authors: Olazabal L , Zuza K , Sarriugarte P , Garcia-Goiricelaya P , Ametller J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the process of the design a Teaching Learning Sequence (TLS) on Newton’s Law for high school is presented. The design of the TLS follows Design Based Research (DBR) methodology First, the grasp of the design is going to be presented to later, present the data obtained after the application of instruments designed to evaluate the TLS regarding the students achievement and the quality of the TLS. How we involved in-service teachers to participate in the design and redesign process and the implementation of the TLS is also explained.
A review of the Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change in High School Textbooks
Authors: Toffaletti S , Di Mauro M , Onorato P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The recent reintroduction in the Italian high school curricula of civic education, especially concerning sustainable development, opened the field to the design, implementation, and evaluation of teaching-learning sequences, focusing on the greenhouse effect and climate change, in high schools. These themes have gained weight in the student curriculum and, consequently, more space is being devoted to them in high school textbooks. In this work, we report on a critical analysis we performed, concerning the actual presence of improvements in the treatments dedicated to these topics in current textbooks. Furthermore, starting from the results of previous studies, we will compare our findings with those present in the literature, highlighting any improvements found.
Experiments in Electricity and Magnetism for Future Teachers: From Lectures to Teaching Labs
Authors: Dvořák L , Dvořáková I , Koudelková V , Gottwald S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The paper reports on an improved approach to pre-service physics teacher training in electricity and magnetism at our faculty. This training starts with an experiment-based lecture in the first year, complemented by an optional seminar that emphasizes experiments students will be able to use in their future teaching. Three years later, it culminates in teaching labs dedicated to this field. The motivation for changing the previous traditional teaching of this topic, the important features of the current state of the art, and the lessons learned are presented. All this is illustrated by a number of examples of experiments that have proved useful and attractive to students.
An analysis of students’ misconceptions on Special Relativity
Authors: Leonardi A M , Mobilio S , Fazio C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Special Relativity is one of the key theories describing our reality but its accommodation among students at different level is still a critical issue. Even after instruction, students’ answers continue to be biased by Classical Mechanics. We present the analysis of high-school students’ answers to open questions concerning topics on Classical Mechanics and Special Relativity showing the persistence of pre-relativistic reasoning. This study is part of an experimentation on the teaching of Special Relativity with the use of a mechanical instrument that allows students to explore by hand the effects of a change of reference frame.
Dirac’s Approach to Quantum Mechanics in Physics Teacher Education: From Linear to Circular Polarisation
Authors: Tóth K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The teaching/learning of quantum mechanics via two-state systems is continuously spreading in secondary schools due to its promising results in physics education research. One possibility is the use of polarisation states of photons. This paper reports on a polarisation-based introduction to quantum mechanics in physics teacher education. A widely used school material prepares teacher trainees for their future work and also improves their conceptual knowledge. This part includes statistical calculations using only secondary school mathematics and a new formulation of the uncertainty relation, using only real numbers. The second step is to prepare the formalism of quantum mechanics using real two-dimensional vectors and matrices. Considering that students may not learn complex linear algebra, we offer a new way to introduce the complete formalism of two-state systems via circular polarisation providing a step-by-step exploration of complex quantum states. This points out the advantage of using complex linear algebra via a physical example, providing the opportunity to reach the elements of advanced quantum physics and quantum computing while deepening the physics background of the secondary school material.
Guided Discovery Teacher Training Online
Authors: Dvořáková I , Koudelková V 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper presents our experience with online teacher workshops led by the guided discovery method. It gives concrete examples of the different activities we have tried in 2020-2021. The article also specifies the minimum necessary technical equipment of the workplace for online learning and the necessary organizational support. We did not conduct any statistical research on the effectiveness of our work during the online learning process, so here are quotes from teachers from the feedback we collected from each workshop.
A home-lab to study uncertainties using smartphone sensors and determine the optimal number of measurements
Authors: Monteiro Martín , Stari Cecilia , Martí Arturo C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present a home-lab experimental activity, successfully proposed to our students during covid19 pandemic, based on state-of-the-art technologies to teach error analysis and uncertainties to science and engineering students. In the last decade the appearance of smartphones considerably affected our daily life. Thanks to their built-in sensors, this revolution has impacted in many areas and, in particular, the educational field. Here we show how to use smartphone sensors to teach fundamental concepts for science students such as any measurement is useless unless a confidence interval is specified or how to determine if a result agrees with a model, or to discern a new phenomenon from others already known. We explain how to obtain and analyse experimental fluctuations and discuss in relation with the Gaussian distribution. In another application we show how to determine the optimal number of measurements as a function of the standard error and the digital resolution of a given sensor.
Exploring the experiences of undergraduate physics students taking a “Teaching Physics in School” module and the effects on their intentions to become a secondary physics teacher
Authors: Cottle Daniel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article describes an undergraduate physics module at a university in England that places year 3 student physicists in secondary school classrooms for a semester. This is done as a way of introducing them to the occupation of secondary physics teaching using a realistic job preview approach. The module helps the undergraduate students develop their communication and professional skills and supports the physics learning of pupils in the schools where they are placed. The perceptions of the participating students toward secondary school physics teaching are then investigated. Two themes emerged from this research: The difficulty of explaining physics concepts to children and the need to make school physics enjoyable.
Supporting Teaching Assistants in a Community of Practice
Authors: Bondar V , Nuber J , Zeyen M , Schiltz G , Kirch K , Dissertori G 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present a framework that supports physics teaching assistants in their teaching duties during exercise classes and that fosters their professional teaching development. The framework relies on the concept of Communities of Practice combining pedagogy with strategies and support for social interaction. We are discussing the positive effects of this novel approach on teaching, as well as its challenges.
Entangled states dynamics of moving two-level atoms in a thermal field bath
Authors: Papadatos Nikolaos , Moustos Dimitris 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We consider a two-level atom that follows a wordline of constant velocity, while interacting with a massless scalar field in a thermal state through: (i) an Unruh–DeWitt (UDW) coupling, and (ii) a coupling that involves the time derivative of the field. We treat the atom as an open quantum system, with the field playing the role of the environment, and employ a master equation to describe its time evolution. We study the dynamics of entanglement between the moving atom and a (auxiliary) qubit at rest and isolated from the thermal field. We find that in the case of the standard UDW coupling and for high temperatures of the environment the decay of entanglement is delayed due to the atom’s motion. Instead, in the derivative coupling case, the atom’s motion always causes the rapid death of entanglement.
Optimization of production variables for metakaolin and rice husk ash-based geopolymer cement
Authors: Verma Monika , Sharma Amol , Chaturvedi Ishaan , Imtiyaz Waheed , Bharti Sumita , Kumar Aman 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Geopolymer concrete has emerged as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional Portland cement-based concrete, boasting superior mechanical performance and a significantly reduced carbon footprint. This research delves into the effects of incorporating rice husk (RH) and metakaolin (MK) as supplementary materials in geopolymer concrete, with the goal of enhancing its properties and sustainability while making productive use of industrial by-products. The research commences with a comprehensive characterization of the raw materials, including rice husk ash (RHA) and metakaolin, via physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses. Different combinations of RH and MK are then blended with an alkali activator solution to formulate geopolymer paste mixtures. The findings of this study reveal that the incorporation of RH and MK as partial substitutes for conventional materials in geopolymer concrete yields positive effects on its performance. The utilization of rice husk ash enhances workability and reduces the alkaline activation time of the geopolymer paste, leading to improved early-age strength development. This study demonstrates that the synergistic use of rice husk and metakaolin in geopolymer concrete promotes a more sustainable construction material with a diminished environmental impact. It offers valuable potential to guide engineers, researchers, and industry professionals in adopting sustainable and cost-effective strategies for enhancing the properties of geopolymer concrete, thus fostering its wider adoption in the construction sector.
Fresh, Compressive and Direct-Tensile characterization of Engineered Cementitious Composite
Authors: Jaggi Sahil , Sharma Pushpendra Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A new category of high-performance fiber-reinforced composite broadly known as Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) has gained rapid attention in the construction industry in recent years. The exceptional behaviour of ECC, therefore high ductility, toughness, and durability, make it a promising material for various structural applications such as tunnel inner lining, dam and bridge deck slab construction. This investigation aims to study the fresh and mechanical characteristics of ECC, including workability, compressive, and direct tensile strength. A total of 15 ECC mixes are prepared with varying superplasticiser-binder ratio (0.200, 0.225, 0.250, 0.275 and 0.300 %), sand-binder ratio (0.35, 0.40 and 0.45) and a constant water-binder ratio (0.27). The mini-slump cone test was performed to examine the workability of the fresh ECC mixtures. The results showed that using a higher content of the superplasticiser resulted in an upsurge in both the workability of the fresh ECC mixtures and the mechanical strength of ECC, particularly the tensile strength. Apart from this, both the mechanical tests are performed at the 7 and 28 days. As per the results, both the compressive strength and direct tensile strength of ECC are found to be comparatively higher than that of the conventional mix. In conclusion, ECC is an efficient construction material for various structural applications, especially for the latest 3D printing construction techniques. The uniform dispersion of fibers significantly improves the tensile strength and ductility of ECC, making it a suitable material for seismic-resistant structures.
Experimental investigation of Bamboo Leaf Ash and Rice Husk Ash as partial replacement cement in concrete
Authors: Munish  , Mehta Shalika 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Construction work was mostly done in the ancient era using mudstone obtained from industry. The experimental investigation on the strength properties of M30 grade concrete, in which rice husk ash and bamboo leaf ash have largely substituted cement. One of these waste materials produced as a by-product of the rice paddy milling industry is rice husk ash (RHA). and Bamboo is used as scaffolding for the manufacture of domestic goods and construction paper. In this investigation, concrete specimens created with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of the RHAsh and BLAsh as the cement replacement percentages were used to calculate the strength-related parameters such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength. Samples were examined at 7, 14, and 28 days old. Finally, it was determined that, when compared to other replacement levels, the 5% RHAsh and BLAsh replacement level in M30 grade concrete demonstrated to be greater.
Partial Replacement of Reactive Magnesium with GGBS has an Impact on the Geotechnical Properties of Soil
Authors: Negi Vineeta , Raj Pratul , Raj Priyanshu , Tiwari Ravi Kumari , Uniyal Ashish 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study is an attempt to examine proper usage of GGBS in the field of Civil Engineering to reduce existing dumping problems and escalate the geotechnical properties of inadequate soil. According to laboratory findings, certain soil qualities that were treated with MgO and GGBS at specific concentrations exhibited remarkably beneficial changes when compared to natural soil. The compressive strength value of modified soil improved, showing increase in the bearing capacity of treated soil The increased CBR value of modified soil both in soaked (4 days) and unsoaked condition indicates the economical designing of flexible pavement by reducing the thickness of base and subbase layers.
Recent studies on the mechanical properties of Engineered Cementitious Composite
Authors: Khan Mohammad Khalil , Nag Swagata , Jaggi Sahil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) is a type of High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite (HPFRCC) that has emerged as a promising material for use in construction and engineering. ECC is designed based on micromechanical theory, resulting in a remarkable tensile strain capacity of over 6%, while maintaining a low fiber volume fraction of no more than 2%. The material’s high flexibility enables it to be molded into various shapes, and it exhibits excellent mechanical properties, making it suitable for field applications such as the construction of joint-less deck slabs, link slabs, and retrofitting of critical structures like dams and tunnels. However, the accurate characterization of ECC’s properties requires the use of appropriate testing methods, particularly regarding its mechanical characteristics, including compressive strength, flexural strength, and direct and indirect tensile strength. This review highlights the significance of understanding ECC’s mechanical properties and emphasizes the importance of using appropriate testing techniques to evaluate the material’s properties and structural behavior.
Influence of substituting aggregates on the characteristics of high-strength concrete
Authors: Mahajan Akshat , Sharma Pushpendra Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
High-strength concrete (HSC) is a specialized form of concrete that possesses enhanced compressive strength compared to conventional concretes. In the initial phase of the experimental study, silica fume and metakaolin were utilized as additional supplementary cementitious materials in various percentages ranging from 6% to 12% for making different trails to obtain the concrete mix with high strength. Test results indicated that trail mix having 10% silica fume and metakaolin gave the desired strength. The second phase of the study incorporates the utilization of crushed granite coarse aggregates at varying replacement ratio ranging from 0 to 100%, serving as a substitute for natural aggregates. Test results demonstrated the better quality of crushed granite aggregates in contrast with locally available natural aggregates, enhanced strength properties of concrete including compressive strength, split tensile strength, Flexural strength, etc at each replacement percentage, thus suggesting the use of crushed granite a favorable option for obtaining high strength concrete.