bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mediating role of social network between social trust and life satisfaction of older people: A structural equation model analysis approach
Authors: He Xinyu , Yang Zhaoyong , Li Haimei , Li Shihe , Xu Chuanxin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough studies have demonstrated the relationship between the social trust and life satisfaction of older people, but existing studies have rarely considered the fewer studies have investigated social network as a mediating variable between social trust and life satisfaction.MethodsIn this study, 297 participants (age: ≥60 years) in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, completed a questionnaire of social trust, social network, and life satisfaction. Structural equation model analysis and bootstrap methods were used to prove the mediating effect of social network.ResultsSocial trust was positively related to life satisfaction (B=0.410; p <0.01) and social network (B=0.472; p <0.01), social network was positively related to life satisfaction (B=0.433; p <0.01). and social network played an intermediary role in the relationship between social trust and life satisfaction (indirect effects = 0.321, bootstrap 95% CI = [0.051, 0.968]).ConclusionThese findings suggest the importance of social trust for life satisfaction, with social network acting as a positive mediator, particularly in China. In conclusion, this study exploring the mediating effect of social network provides knowledge essential for ensuring a happy old age. The study results can help advance psychological research on life satisfaction of older people and suggest new intervention strategies in this field. We encourage increasing the expansion of social networks through various means to enhance the impact of social trust on life satisfaction of older people.
Identification of distinct and shared biomarker panels in different manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease through proteomic profiling
Authors: Hristovska Ines , Binette Alexa Pichet , Kumar Atul , Gaiteri Chris , Karlsson Linda , Strandberg Olof , Janelidze Shorena , van Westen Danielle , Stomrud Erik , Palmqvist Sebastian , Ossenkoppele Rik , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Vogel Jacob W. , Hansson Oskar 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe pathophysiology underlying various manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) remains obscure. Using cerebrospinal fluid proximity extension assays and co-expression network analysis of 2,943 proteins, we found common and distinct proteomic signatures between white matter lesions (WML), microbleeds and infarcts measured in 856 living patients, and validated WML-associated proteins in three additional datasets. Proteins indicative of extracellular matrix dysregulation and vascular remodeling, including ELN, POSTN, CCN2 and MMP12 were elevated across all cSVD manifestations, with MMP12 emerging as an early cSVD indicator. cSVD-associated proteins formed a co-abundance network linked to metabolism and enriched in endothelial and arterial smooth muscle cells, showing elevated levels at early disease manifestations. Later disease stages involved changes in microglial proteins, associated with longitudinal WML progression, and changes in neuronal proteins mediating WML-associated cognitive decline. These findings provide an atlas of novel cSVD biomarkers and a promising roadmap for the next generation of cSVD therapeutics.
Extrication of patients trapped following a motor vehicle collision: a systematic scoping review of the literature
Authors: Nutbeam Tim 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundExtrication is the process of removing injured or potentially injured people from their vehicles. The origin of current extrication techniques and paradigms is largely unknown. An understanding of the historical evidence related to motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), injuries and deaths will provide context for accepted, contemporary, extrication practices.MethodsExtrication related search terms were developed and applied across of range of sources including Clinical and health care data, Trial registries, Grey literature, Academic and specific Transport related sources.Results7089 articles were identified, following review, 170 are included in this qualitative synthesis. Key themes / categories included: Extrication training and principles, Injures, Immobilisation, Care during entrapment, Clinical response type, Vehicle deformity intrusion entrapment, and Extrication.ConclusionThere is a paucity of published evidence to support the current approach to extrication of entrapped patients following an MVC. Focused studies identifying in detail the injures and their sequelae associated with entrapment, the biomechanics of current techniques and ensuring that the patient perspective is captured will enable the development of much needed evidence based multidisciplinary guidance.
Local controls modify the effects of timber harvesting on surface soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics
Authors: Ward Elisabeth B. , Ashton Mark S. , Wikle Jessica L. , Duguid Marlyse , Bradford Mark A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractManaging for structural complexity to enhance forest ecosystem health and resiliency is increasingly incorporated in silvicultural treatments. High spatial variability in stands managed for structural complexity could obscure the effects of forest management on surface soils. Yet few studies have assessed how within-stand variation in forest structure and other local controls influence surface soil organic matter dynamics over time following timber harvests. We used a stratified random sampling design to capture variation in stand age, legacy structure, soil type, and topography in a second-growth, oak-hardwood forest in the northeastern U.S. We compared surface soil carbon and nitrogen content and availability in 15 harvested stands managed to promote tree regeneration (n= 144 plots) and five unharvested controls (n= 48 plots). We also examined changes over time since harvest in just the harvested stands using a 22-year chronosequence. Forest management strongly influenced surface soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. The timber harvests had lower soil carbon and nitrogen, microbial biomass, and carbon mineralization but higher nitrogen mineralization. These differences were more pronounced in the drier, less fertile soil type than in more moist, fertile soils. Across the 22-year chronosequence, topography, soil type, and downed woody material density dictated the direction of changes in surface soil carbon and nitrogen over time. Soil carbon and nitrogen accrued over time at drier, higher elevation (∼300 m) sites and under higher densities of fine woody material but declined at lower elevations (∼180 m) and under lower fine woody material. Proximity to legacy trees was associated with higher soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations and availability. Our findings underscore the importance of silvicultural practices that retain structural legacies and downed woody material in shaping surface soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics over time. Our results also highlight how accounting for spatial variation in local controls on soil carbon and nitrogen, such as topography, can improve detection of changes from forest management practices that increase spatial heterogeneity within stands, such as irregular shelterwood and seed tree regeneration methods.
A multi-gene predictive model for the radiation sensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on machine learning
Authors: Li Kailai , Liang Junyi , Li Nan , Fang Jianbo , Zhou Xinyi , Zhang Jian , Lin Anqi , Luo Peng , Meng Hui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundRadiotherapy resistance is a major obstacle to the long-term survival of nasopharyngeal cancer patients, as it is a primary cause of recurrence and metastasis. Identifying radiotherapy-associated biomarkers can help improve the survival prognosis of nasopharyngeal cancer patients. Consequently, discovering biomarkers associated with radiosensitization is crucial.MethodsWe evaluated 113 combinations of machine learning algorithms and ultimately selected 48 to construct a radiotherapy sensitivity score (NPC-RSS) that can predict radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal cancer patients. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between NPC-RSS and the expression of genes associated with immune and radiotherapy sensitivity profiles. We employed GSEA and ssGSEA to investigate the connection between NPC-RSS and signaling pathways.ResultsWe selected the combined model glmBoost+NaiveBayes, which had the best AUC among 48 models, for our subsequent study. The NPC-RSS, built based on the 18 genes included in this model, can predict the results of the public dataset and the in-house dataset of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, with considerable efficiency. The key genes of NPC-RSS are closely associated with immune characteristics, including chemokine and chemokine receptor families, and histocompatibility complex (MHC), and show more active immune processes. Meanwhile, these key genes were significantly associated with the expression of radiosensitization-related genes. Furthermore, GSVA and GSEA analyses demonstrated that different expression levels of key NPC-RSS genes influenced signaling pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, JAK-STAT signaling pathway,NF-kappa B signaling pathway and T cell receptor signaling pathway, which are associated with immunity and disease progression. The consistency of the expression of key genes SMARCA2 and CD9 with NPC-RSS was validated in in-house cell lines. The radiosensitive group, classified according to NPC-RSS, exhibited a more enriched and activated state of immune infiltration compared to the radioresistant group. Moreover, in single-cell samples, NPC-RSS was higher in the radiotherapy-sensitive group, with immune cells playing a predominant role.ConclusionsIn this study, we used machine learning to construct a predictive score, called NPC-RSS, associated with radiosensitivity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients; moreover, NPC-RSS is strongly associated with immune characteristics, expression of radiosensitivity-related genes, and signaling pathways related to disease progression. We hope that the NPC-RCC will enable more precise selection of the NPC population of potential beneficiaries of radiation therapy.
A high-light tolerant alga from the desert is protected from oxidative stress by NPQ-independent responses
Authors: Levin Guy , Yasmin Michael , Liran Oded , Hanna Rawad , Kleifeld Oded , Horev Guy , Wollman Francis-André , Schuster Gadi , Nawrocki Wojciech J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNon-photochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanisms are crucial for protecting photosynthesis from photoinhibition in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, and their modulation is a long-standing goal for improving photosynthesis and crop yields. The current work demonstrates thatChlorella ohadii, a green micro-alga that thrives in the desert under high light intensities which are fatal to many photosynthetic organisms, does not perform nor require NPQ to protect photosynthesis under constant high light. Instead of dissipating excess energy, it minimizes its uptake by eliminating the photosynthetic antenna of photosystem II. In addition it accumulates antioxidants that neutralize harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ramps up cyclic electron flow around PSI. These NPQ-independent responses proved efficient in preventing ROS accumulation and reducing oxidative damage to proteins in high-light-grown cells.
Mode of action of the toxic proline mimic azetidine 2-carboxylic acid in plants
Authors: Santos William Thives , Dwivedi Varun , Duong Ha Ngoc , Miederhoff Madison , Hoek Kathryn Vanden , Angelovici Ruthie , Schenck Craig A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlants have an amazing capacity to outcompete neighboring organisms for space and resources. Toxic metabolites are major players in these interactions, which can have a broad range of effectiveness by targeting conserved molecular mechanisms, such as protein biosynthesis. However, lack of knowledge about defensive metabolite pathways, their modes of action, and resistance mechanisms limits our ability to manipulate these pathways for enhanced crop resilience. Nonproteogenic amino acids (NPAAs) are a structurally diverse class of metabolites with a variety of functions but are typically not incorporated during protein biosynthesis. Here, we investigate the mode of action of the NPAA azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (Aze), an analog of the amino acid proline (Pro). Using a combination of plate-based assays, metabolite feeding, metabolomics, and proteomics, we show that Aze inhibits the root growth of Arabidopsis and other plants. Aze-induced growth reduction was restored by supplementing L-, but not D-Pro, and non-targeted proteomics confirms that Aze is misincorporated for Pro during protein biosynthesis, specifically on cytosolically translated proteins. qRT-PCR analysis and free amino acid profiling show that the unfolded protein response is upregulated during Aze treatment implicating protein degradation of misfolded proteins. This study demonstrates the mode of action of Aze in plants and provides a foundation for engineering Aze production and tolerance in crops for enhanced resilience.
Molecular basis of one-step methyl anthranilate biosynthesis in grapes, sweet orange, and maize
Authors: Fallon Michael A. , Tadfie Hisham , Watson Aracely P. , Dyke Madeline M. , Flores Christopher , Cook Nathan , Fei Zhangjun , Holland Cynthia K. 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYPlants synthesize an array of volatile compounds, many of which serve ecological roles in attracting pollinators, deterring herbivores, and communicating with their surroundings. Methyl anthranilate is an anti-herbivory defensive volatile responsible for grape aroma that is emitted by several agriculturally relevant plants, including citrus, grapes, and maize. Unlike maize, which uses a one-step anthranilate methyltransferase, grapes have been thought to use a two-step pathway for methyl anthranilate biosynthesis. By mining available transcriptomics data, we identified two anthranilate methyltransferases inVitis vinifera(wine grape), as well as one ortholog in ‘Concord’ grape. Many angiosperms methylate the plant hormone salicylic acid to produce methyl salicylate, which acts as a plant-to-plant communication molecule. Because theCitrus sinensis(sweet orange) salicylic acid methyltransferase can methylate both anthranilate and salicylic acid, we used this enzyme to examine the molecular basis of anthranilate activity by introducing rational mutations, which identified several active site residues that increase activity with anthranilate. Reversing this approach, we introduced mutations that imparted activity with salicylic acid in the maize anthranilate methyltransferase, which uncovered different active site residues from those in the citrus enzyme. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that one of theVitisanthranilate methyltransferases shares an ancestor with jasmonic acid methyltransferases, similar to the anthranilate methyltransferase from strawberry (Frageriasp.). Collectively, these data demonstrate the molecular mechanisms underpinning anthranilate activity across methyltransferases and identified one-step enzymes by which grapes synthesize methyl anthranilate.Significance StatementWhile the two-step pathway responsible for the biosynthesis of the grape aroma molecule, methyl anthranilate, has remained incomplete inVitisspp., we identified two one-step anthranilate methyltransferases in wine and one in ‘Concord’ grapes that can methylate the tryptophan pathway intermediate anthranilate. Tracing the molecular basis of anthranilate activity in the maize and sweet orange methyltransferases uncovered distinct active site amino acids that impart substrate specificity.
Long-term maintenance of patient-specific characteristics in tumoroids from six cancer indications in a common base culture media system
Authors: Paul Colin D. , Yankaskas Chris , Shahi Thakuri Pradip , Balhouse Brittany , Salen Shyanne , Bullock Amber , Beam Sylvia , Chatman Anthony , Djikeng Sybelle , Yang Jenny , Wong Garrett , Dey Isha , Holmes Spencer , Dockey Abigail , Bailey-Steinitz Lindsay , Zheng Lina , Li Weizhong , Chandra Vivek , Nguyen Jakhan , Sharp Jason , Willems Erik , Kennedy Mark , Dallas Matt , Kuninger David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTumoroids, also known as cancer organoids, are patient-derived cancer cells grown as 3D, self-organized multicellular structures that maintain key characteristics (e.g., genotype, gene expression levels) of the tumor from which they originated. These models have emerged as valuable tools for studying tumor biology, cytotoxicity, and response of patient-derived cells to cancer therapies. However, the establishment and maintenance of tumoroids has historically been challenging, labor intensive, and highly variable from lab to lab, hindering their widespread use. Here, we characterize the establishment and/or expansion of colorectal, lung, head and neck, breast, pancreas, and endometrial tumoroids using the standardized, serum-free Gibco OncoPro Tumoroid Culture Medium. Newly derived tumoroid lines (n=20) were analyzed by targeted genomic profiling and RNA sequencing and were representative of tumor tissue samples. Tumoroid lines were stable for over 250 days in culture and freeze-thaw competent. Previously established tumoroid lines were also transitioned to OncoPro medium and exhibited, on average, similar growth rates and conserved donor-specific characteristics when compared to original media systems. Additionally, OncoPro medium was compatible with both embedded culture in extracellular matrix and growth in a suspension format for facile culture and scale up. An example application of these models for assessing the cytotoxicity of a natural killer cell line and primary natural killer cells over time and at various doses demonstrated the compatibility of these models with assays used in compound and cell therapy development. We anticipate that the standardization and versatility of this approach will have important benefits for basic cancer research, drug discovery, and personalized medicine and help make tumoroid models more accessible to the cancer research community.
A new locally collected environmental quality indicator for medium and large mammals
Authors: Oliveira Márcio Leite , Gorni Guilherme Rossi , Nascimento Alessandra Santos , Passos Fernando de Camargo 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTMeasuring environmental degradation with bioindicators, landscape metrics, and remote sensing helps understand impact on biota. However, data on anthropogenic pressures such as plant exploitation, poaching and invasive species are crucial. We created an Anthropogenic Influence Index (AII) for medium and large mammals at the Atlantic Forest based on local environmental quality indicators and tested its correlation with existing indices, such as the Global Human Influence Index (GHII), landscape metrics and social-economic indicators. We found no correlation between the AII and the GHII, indicating that remote sensing-collected data may not reflect local and specific anthropogenic impacts on the environment. In addition, there was a correlation between the AII and the Human Development Index, drawing attention to the direct relationship between income, education and life expectancy and the incidence of environmental impacts. Thus, the AII appears to better capture local nuances of environmental impacts, particularly those significant for medium and large mammals, compared to other indicators such as GHII, human density, and landscape metrics.
Jagged-1+Tregs Mediate Lymphatic Remodeling in Tumour-Draining Lymph Nodes
Authors: Xu Jessie Z. , Lui Prudence PokWai , Tsai Pei-Hsun , Aziz Hafsah , Xie Boyu , Cho Inchul , Terranova-Barberio Manuela , Li Chao Zheng , Stoker Katie , Yu Hongqiang , Denton Alice E. , Lawrence Toby , Karagiannis Sophia N. , Ali Niwa 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe tumour-draining lymph nodes (tdLNs) are crucial sites for early immune surveillance of tumours. During tumour development, tdLNs undergo significant stromal remodelling that impacts lymph node (LN) architecture. The reconstruction of tdLNs is dependent on the crosstalk between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and resident stromal cells. The Notch ligand Jagged1 (Jag1), highly expressed in skin Tregs, is critical for facilitating stem cell-mediated tissue regeneration. However, the role of Jag1posTregs in mediating the activity of tdLN-resident immune cells and stromal cells remains unexplored. Here, we used the B16-F10 tumour model to assess the role of Jag1posTregs during tdLN development. During tumor progression, late-stage tdLN Tregs expressed higher levels of Jag1 than early-stage tdLNs. Conditional deletion of Jag1 in Tregs markedly restrained tdLN expansion, without influencing effector T cell abundance or activation profile. Transcriptomic analysis of tdLNs revealed downregulation of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC)-related markers in mice with Treg-specific Jag1 ablation. Disruption of lymphatic networks in the tdLN was further confirmed by flow cytometric profiling and histological analysis.In vivopermeability assessment by FITC-dextran demonstrated perturbed lymphatic drainage, likely due to suppressed LN lymphangiogenesis. Finally, we identify the presence of Jag1posTregs in tdLNs of human melanoma patients. Overall, our results highlight that crosstalk between Jag1posTregs and LECs is required for lymphatic sinus expansion, which is critical for the formation of the tdLN niche during melanoma progression.
Converging cytokine and metabolite networks shape asymmetric T cell fate at the term human maternal-fetal interface
Authors: Maurice Nicholas J , Erickson Jami R , DeJong Caitlin S , Mair Florian , Taber Alexis K , Frutoso Marie , Islas Laura V , Vigil Anna-Lena BG , Lawler Richard L , McElrath M Juliana , Newell Evan W , Sullivan Lucas B , Shree Raj , McCartney Stephen A 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPlacentation presents immune conflict between mother and fetus, yet in normal pregnancy maternal immunity against infection is maintained without expense to fetal tolerance. This is believed to result from adaptations at the maternal-fetal interface (MFI) which affect T cell programming, but the identities (i.e., memory subsets and antigenic specificities) of T cells and the signals that mediate T cell fates and functions at the MFI remain poorly understood. We found intact recruitment programs as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine networks that can act on maternal T cells in an antigen-independent manner. These inflammatory signals elicit T cell expression of co-stimulatory receptors necessary for tissue retention, which can be engaged by local macrophages. Although pro-inflammatory molecules elicit T cell effector functions, we show that additional cytokine (TGF-β1) and metabolite (kynurenine) networks may converge to tune T cell function to those of sentinels. Together, we demonstrate an additional facet of fetal tolerance, wherein T cells are broadly recruited and restrained in an antigen-independent, cytokine/metabolite-dependent manner. These mechanisms provide insight into antigen-nonspecific T cell regulation, especially in tissue microenvironments where they are enriched.