bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of chronic stress‐activated regions reveals a potential recruited circuit in rat brain
Authors: Flak Jonathan N. , Solomon Matia B. , Jankord Ryan , Krause Eric G. , Herman James P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractChronic stress induces presynaptic and postsynaptic modifications in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus that are consistent with enhanced excitatory hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenocortical (HPA) axis drive. The brain regions mediating these molecular modifications are not known. We hypothesized that chronic variable stress (CVS) tonically activates stress‐excitatory regions that interact with the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, culminating in stress facilitation. In order to identify chronically activated brain regions, ΔFosB, a documented marker of tonic neuronal activation, was assessed in known stress regulatory limbic and brainstem sites. Four experimental groups were included: CVS, repeated restraint (RR) (control for HPA habituation), animals weight‐matched (WM) to CVS animals (control for changes in circulating metabolic factors due to reduced weight gain), and non‐handled controls. CVS, (but not RR or WM) induced adrenal hypertrophy, indicating that sustained HPA axis drive only occurred in the CVS group. CVS (but not RR or WM) selectively increased the number of FosB/ΔFosB nuclei in the nucleus of the solitary tract, posterior hypothalamic nucleus, and both the infralimbic and prelimbic divisions of the medial prefrontal cortex, indicating an involvement of these regions in chronic drive of the HPA axis. Increases in FosB/ΔFosB‐immunoreactive cells were observed following both RR and CVS in the other regions (e.g. the dorsomedial hypothalamus), suggesting activation by both habituating and non‐habituating stress conditions. The data suggest that unpredictable stress uniquely activates interconnected cortical, hypothalamic, and brainstem nuclei, potentially revealing the existence of a recruited circuitry mediating chronic drive of brain stress effector systems.
Standard vs mini‐laparoscopic pyeloplasty: perioperative outcomes and cosmetic results
Authors: Fiori Cristian , Morra Ivano , Bertolo Riccardo , Mele Fabrizio , Chiarissi Marco Lucci , Porpiglia Francesco 
Published: July 2012

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?New techniques and instrumentation in laparoscopy including the use of ‘single‐port’ devices and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery have been proposed to reduce the invasiveness of these procedures. The introduction of small laparoscopic instruments (<3 mm) continues to further the field. To date, mini‐laparoscopic instruments have been used in many urological procedures, e.g. pyeloplasty in the paediatric population. However, data of pure mini‐laparoscopic pyeloplasty (mLP) for the treatment of pelvi‐ureteric junction obstruction in the adult population are lacking.In a selected adult population mLP is feasible and safe. Perioperative and 1‐year functional results are comparable with those of standard LP, while cosmetic results of mLP are more appreciated by the patients.OBJECTIVE
To evaluate perioperative and cosmetic results after pure mini‐laparoscopic pyeloplasty (mLP) compared with standard LP (sLP) in an adult population.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
From April 2009 to June 2010, 12 patients underwent mLP for pelvi‐ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction (PUJO). For comparison, 24 patients that had previously undergone sLP were pooled from our institutional database.
All patients were assessed preoperatively with physical examination, abdominal ultrasonography, intravenous urography or computed tomography and renal scintigraphy (RS). In all cases, an Anderson‐Hynes transperitoneal approach was used.
After surgery, cosmetic results were assessed using a Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire (PSAQ), and RS measured reconstructive success at 1‐year after LP.
Demographic and perioperative variables were recorded. Groups were compared using chi‐squared and Wilcoxon‐Mann‐Whitney tests (P < 0.05 was considered significant).
RESULTS
Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. There were no differences in operative duration or blood loss. One mLP required conversion to sLP due to minor bleeding.
Analgesic consumption and the pain visual analogue scale scores were not significantly different between the sLP and mLP cohorts.
The average postoperative hospital stay for the mLP group was significantly shorter than that for the sLP group (P= 0.024).
Complication and success rates between the groups were not significantly different.
PSAQ scores showed that mLP patients were significantly more satisfied with their cosmetic result.
CONCLUSIONS
mLP appears to be safe, feasible and effective in the treatment of PUJOs.
Cosmetically, mLP is better than sLP.
Strategies to support breastfeeding: a review
Authors: Demirtas B. 
Published: July 2012

DEMİRTAS B. (2012) Strategies to support breastfeeding: a review. International Nursing ReviewBackground:  Mothers need to be given support, confidence and encouragement to successful breastfeeding. The importance of breastfeeding support has been addressed in numerous studies. However, reviews to explore strategies to support breastfeeding are sparse.Aim:  The study aims to explore strategies to support breastfeeding. It was also aimed to reveal how the international papers compare with the Turkish situation.Methods:  Searches of CINAHL, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science databases, Cochrane databases, Turkish health databases were conducted for data collection. The search was limited to articles published between the years 1995 and 2011, focusing on the strategies related to the support received by mothers. Two experts independently read and analysed 38 articles.Findings:  Thirty‐eight papers were included in this review. The findings identified strategies to support breastfeeding. These include collaboration with community and family members; confidence building; appropriate ratio of staffing levels; development of communication skills; and ‘closing the gap’ in inequalities in health.Conclusion:  Mothers benefit from strategies that encourage breastfeeding, with guidance that supports their self‐efficacy and feelings of being capable and empowered, and is tailored to their individual needs.
Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security in Tanzania
Authors: Arndt Channing , Farmer William , Strzepek Kenneth , Thurlow James 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDue to their reliance on rain‐fed agriculture, both as a source of income and consumption, many low‐income countries are considered to be the most vulnerable to climate change. Here, we estimate the impact of climate change on food security in Tanzania. Representative climate projections are used in calibrated crop models to predict crop yield changes for 110 districts in Tanzania. These results are in turn imposed on a highly disaggregated, recursive dynamic economy‐wide model of Tanzania. We find that, relative to a no‐climate‐change baseline and considering domestic agricultural production as the channel of impact, food security in Tanzania appears likely to deteriorate as a consequence of climate change. The analysis points to a high degree of diversity of outcomes (including some favorable outcomes) across climate scenarios, sectors, and regions. Noteworthy differences in impacts across households are also present both by region and by income category.
Climate Change, Growth and Infrastructure Investment: The Case of Mozambique
Authors: Arndt Channing , Chinowsky Paul , Strzepek Kenneth , Thurlow James 
Published: July 2012

AbstractClimate change may damage road infrastructure, to the potential detriment of economic growth, particularly in developing countries. To quantitatively assess climate change's consequences, we incorporate a climate–infrastructure model based on stressor–response relationships directly into a recursive dynamic economy‐wide model to estimate and compare road damages with other climate change impact channels. We apply this framework to Mozambique and simulate four future climate scenarios. Our results indicate that climate change through 2050 is likely to place a drag on economic growth and development prospects. The economic implications of climate change appear to become more pronounced from about 2030. Nevertheless, the implications are not so strong as to drastically diminish development prospects. Our findings suggest that impact assessments should include damages to long‐run assets, such as road infrastructure, imposed by climate change.
Stroke due to atrial fibrillation in a population‐based stroke registry (Ludwigshafen Stroke Study) CHADS2, CHA2DS2‐VASc score, underuse of oral anticoagulation, and implications for preventive measures
Authors: Palm F. , Kleemann T. , Dos Santos M. , Urbanek C. , Buggle F. , Safer A. , Hennerici M. G. , Becher H. , Zahn R. , Grau A. J. 
Published: July 2012

Background and purposeAtrial fibrillation (AF) is amongst the most important etiologies of ischaemic stroke. In a population‐based stroke registry, we tested the hypothesis of low adherence to current guidelines as a main cause of high rates of AF‐associated stroke.MethodsWithin the Ludwigshafen Stroke Study (LuSSt), a prospective ongoing population‐based stroke register, we analyzed all patients with a first‐ever ischaemic stroke (FEIS) owing to AF in 2006 and 2007. We determined whether AF was diagnosed before stroke and assessed pre‐stroke CHADS2 and CHA2DS2‐VASc scores.ResultsIn total, 187 of 626 patients with FEIS suffered from cardioembolic stroke owing to AF, which was newly diagnosed in 57 (31%) patients. Retrospective pre‐stroke risk stratification according to CHADS2 score indicated low/intermediate risk in 34 patients (18%) and high risk (CHADS2 ≥ 2) in 153 patients (82%). Application of CHA2DS2‐VASc score reduced number of patients at low/intermediate risk (CHA2DS2‐VASc score 0–1) to five patients (2.7%). In patients with a CHADS2 score ≥ 2 and known AF (n = 106) before stroke, 38 (36%) were on treatment with vitamin K antagonists on admission whilst only in 16 patients (15%) treatment was in therapeutic range.ConclusionsOur study strongly supports the hypothesis that underuse of oral anticoagulants in high‐risk patients importantly contributes to AF‐associated stroke. CHA2DS2‐VASc score appears to be a more valuable risk stratification tool than CHADS2 score. Preventive measures should focus on optimizing pre‐stroke detection of AF and better implementation of present AF‐guidelines with respect to anticoagulation therapy.
Managing Migration, Managing Motherhood: The Moral Economy of Gendered Migration
Authors: Contreras Ricardo , Griffith David 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFor the past two decades, women have been migrating from Mexico to the United States on temporary work visas to pick meat from blue crabs in small coastal factories. Within a theoretical framework that argues for the relevance of a moral economic perspective to gendered migration, we examine the how participating in this migration influences migrants' families, including their abilities to produce higher‐quality lives. Specifically, we focus on the various factors that feed into the decision to migrate, the immediate consequences of those decisions for the relations among migrants, children, spouses and other family and community members, and the longer‐term consequences in terms of gender relations, the restructuring of parent–child relationships and the material benefits of work abroad. We find that women negotiate a variety of contradictions and paradoxes to participate in the programme, many of which directly influence their quest to reaffirm their abilities, as mothers, to produce quality human beings. These findings reflect more general global appeals for valuing human life by measures other than those of conventional political economy.
Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment in nail psoriasis: a randomized controlled open‐label study
Authors: De Simone C. , Maiorino A. , Tassone F. , D’Agostino M. , Caldarola G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground  Despite recent advances in the treatment of psoriasis, the therapeutic options for nail psoriasis are very limited, particularly when this is the only manifestation of the disease.Objective  We performed a randomized controlled open‐label study to assess the efficacy and safety of a topical treatment with tacrolimus 0.1% ointment in nail psoriasis.Methods  In each patient, tacrolimus 0.1% ointment was prescribed for application only on the affected nails of a randomly selected hand for 12 weeks, whereas nails of the other hand did not receive any treatment. Severity of nail psoriasis was evaluated using the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) score.Results  We enrolled 21 consecutive psoriatic patients. At week 12, a statistically significant (P < 0.001) improvement was obtained in the treated hands with respect to the hands used as control (NAPSI score absolute change 13.0 and 3.0 respectively). Each of the enrolled patients concluded the period of treatment, but one patient was withdrawn from tacrolimus application after 9 weeks because of the appearance of acute paronychia.Discussion  Our study showed that tacrolimus 0.1% ointment may be an efficacious and safe therapeutic opportunity in the treatment of nail psoriasis. Our data should be confirmed by a double‐blind study with a larger sample of patients.
Do hot spots of breeding birds serve as surrogate hot spots of wintering birds? An example from centralSpain
Authors: Marfil‐Daza C. , Pizarro M. , Moreno‐Rueda G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe lack of information on the protection status of birds in the winter period is a serious concern, as the survival of many populations depends on this period. Here, we consider the seasonal changes in distribution patterns of bird species in centralSpain to assess the value of protected areas (PA) for simultaneously conserving breeding and wintering avifauna. We used a stepwise algorithm of complementarity to select the minimum set ofUniversalTransverseMercator 10 × 10‐km squares containing all species at each period and then contrasted selected areas in order to test the degree to which breeding and wintering birds overlap. UsingGapanalysis, we identified areas that are still unprotected. Our results show both a weak correlation and a scant overlap between areas that are important for bird conservation during breeding and wintering periods. Thus, we conclude that valuable areas for bird diversity differ between seasons, implying that breeding hot spots are not good surrogates for overwintering hot spots. This paper addresses the need of identifying not only important areas for breeding birds, but also wintering birds, revealing potential gaps in currentPAnetworks. Future conservation policies should take these results into account in order to optimize bird conservation, especially considering that the appropriate protection of the bird species overwintering inSpain will, overall, benefitEuropean breeding populations.
Micro‐computed tomography reveals a diversity of Peramuran mammals from the Purbeck Group (Berriasian) of England
Authors: DAVIS BRIAN M. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract: The known sample of the important pretribosphenic mammal Peramus tenuirostris, housed in the Natural History Museum (London, UK), was imaged using micro‐computed tomography (CT). Substantial morphological diversity was discovered, prompting establishment (and resurrection) of additional taxa from within the existing hypodigm of Peramus tenuirostris: Peramus dubius comb. nov., Kouriogenys minor gen. nov. and Peramuroides tenuiscus gen. et sp. nov. The Peramura are revised; this group is restricted to taxa with clear evidence of a fully functional upper molar embrasure for the dominant lower molar talonid cusp (hypoconid), either through development of wear facet 4 or through differentiation of a distinct hypoconulid. The Peramura are the most likely sister taxon to the Tribosphenida (including living marsupials and placentals) and represent a distinct molar morphotype, transitional between primitive lineages characterized by dominant orthal shear (e.g. dryolestoids) and those with modern, multi‐functional tribospheny. A very large masseteric foramen is identified in peramurans, but this feature appears to be autapomorphic and of uncertain function.
Polio in Nigeria
Authors: Renne Elisha P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPoliomyelitis, or polio as it is commonly known, is a disease caused by an enterovirus found throughout the world. Although it is often associated with paralysis of one or more limbs, it is more common for children to experience asymptomatic cases of the disease, which convey life‐long immunity. While lameness associated with polio has long been known in Nigeria, during the colonial period immunization efforts focused mainly on expatriates. Later, with the implementation of the Expanded Programme on Immunisation during the 1980s, polio vaccination was included as part of primary health care. However, it was only after the 1988 World Health Assembly vote to eradicate polio worldwide that intensive efforts to vaccinate all children under five for polio began. Initial efforts, which focused only on polio vaccination, may be characterized as an “override approach.” In 2006, Nigeria had the greatest number of confirmed cases of polio worldwide. However, with the implementation of a more “collaborative approach,” incorporating other vaccines and health incentives such as bed nets, the number of polio cases declined. By the end of 2010, case numbers had declined dramatically and these numbers remain low, reflecting government, NGO, and community efforts to work together to end polio transmission in Nigeria.
Anzac Day at Home and Abroad: Towards a History of Australia’s National Day
Authors: Scates Bruce , Frances Rae , Reeves Keir , Bongiorno Frank , Crotty Martin , Knapman Gareth , Seal Graham , Becker Annette , Reeves Andrew , Soutphommasane Tim , Blackburn Kevin , Clarke Stephen J , Stanley Peter , Hoskins Andrew , Winter Jay , Bridge Carl , James Laura , Wheatley Rebecca , Riches Leah , McCosker Alexandra , Sleight Simon 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOver the last hundred years, Anzac Day (25 April), the anniversary of the initial landing of Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) at Gallipoli in 1915, has captured the Australian and New Zealand national imaginations. The day remembers the first significant engagement involving Australian and New Zealand soldiers in the First World War. This article is an early report of a major project that will chart Anzac Day’s origins, development and contested meanings. It is both an historical study, tracing changes in commemoration and remembrance over time, and an investigation of the ways in which Australians and New Zealanders mark Anzac Day in the present day. It will interrogate the shaping of historical sensibility by exploring the complex connections between personal and collective remembrance. One of the challenges to understanding Anzac Day is dealing with the multiplicity of meanings of such a large‐scale, diverse and now venerable (in modern Australian terms) observation. It will also examine the neglected subject of Anzac Day’s observance outside the Australia and New Zealand – in Europe, Asia, North Africa and the Pacific – where it has long played a role in expressing the identities of Antipodean expatriate communities.
Headache Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Their Association With Psychological, Behavioral, and Socio‐Environmental Factors
Authors: Kröner‐Herwig Birgit , Gassmann Jennifer 
Published: July 2012

Objective.— This cross‐sectional study on a randomly drawn population sample of children and adolescents (n = 3399; aged 9 to 15) aimed at the assessment of patterns of associations between psychosocial variables and primary headache disorders like migraine (MIG) or tension‐type headache. A headache‐free group served as a control.Methods.— Data on headache and psychological trait variables (eg, internalizing symptoms), behavioral factors (eg, physical activities), and socio‐environmental factors (eg, life events) were gathered by questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were conducted with headache types (MIG, tension‐type, and non‐classifiable headache) as dependent variables.Results.— The pattern of correlations was largely congruent between the headache disorders. Associations were closest regarding maladaptive psychological traits (in particular internalizing symptoms with an odds ratio > 4 regarding MIG) compared with socio‐environmental factors and particularly the behavioral factors. Unfavorable psychological traits and socio‐environmental strains demonstrated distinctly stronger associations with MIG than tension‐type headache and explained more variance in the occurrence of pediatric headache disorders than parental headache. Sex‐specific analyses showed similarities as well as differences regarding the correlations, and in general, the associations were stronger in girls than boys.Conclusions.— A common path model as posited by several researchers in the field may explain the parallelism in biopsychosocial vulnerability regarding the different headache disorders.
Vitamin B‐12 and Folate Status in Relation to Decline in Scores on the Mini‐Mental State Examination in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Morris Martha Savaria , Selhub Jacob , Jacques Paul F. 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesTo investigate the cognitive significance of low to low‐normal plasma vitamin B‐12 concentrations and to shed light on the role that folate status plays in the association between vitamin B‐12 status and cognitive decline.DesignAssociations between plasma vitamin B‐12 and folate and 8‐year cognitive decline were evaluated, and the effects of interactions between vitamin B‐12 status and folate status and supplemental folate use on cognitive decline were assessed.SettingThe Framingham Heart Study — a prospective epidemiological study.ParticipantsFive hundred forty‐nine community‐dwelling individuals aged 74.8 ± 4.6.MeasurementsMini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), plasma folate, vitamin B‐12, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, demographic factors, and body mass index.ResultsMMSE scores declined by 0.24 points per year over the 8‐year follow‐up period. Decline was significantly faster in cohort members in the bottom two plasma vitamin B‐12 quintile categories, and no apparent cognitive advantage was associated with plasma vitamin B‐12 from 187 to 256.8 pmol/L over less than 186 pmol/L. In cohort members with plasma vitamin B‐12 less than 258 pmol/L, having a plasma folate concentration greater than 20.2 nmol/L was associated with an approximate 1‐point per year decline, as was use of supplemental folate.ConclusionPlasma vitamin B‐12 levels from 187 to 256.8 pmol/L predict cognitive decline. Furthermore, having plasma vitamin B‐12 levels in this range or below in conjunction with high plasma folate or supplemental folate use predicts especially rapid cognitive decline.