bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformative educational technologies: An interview with Chris Dede
Authors: Radda Henry T. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMore than 100 years ago, John Dewey, a major influence in American education, argued for the need to “stimulate the spirit of inquiry into actual fact” (Dewey, 2002, p. 118). The debate among politicians and educators about the structure, purpose, and goals of education and inquiry continues. Yet the world has changed, largely because of widely accessible and versatile technologies. We are unclear how Dewey's spirit of inquiry will grow, die, or reinvent itself through boundaryless tools of inquiry such as the Internet, but the technology is here and will not disappear while educators debate best methods.Twenty‐first‐century society demands new ways to learn and understand, and these new ways of learning require new ways of teaching (McPheeters, 2009/2010). For many students, especially the younger generations, technology intertwines with almost all daily activities, including social contact. Many educators lag behind the technological curve and express frustration at the challenge to shift their educational paradigms toward increasingly technological means of communication and interaction, or entertain “virtual realities” as legitimate educational forums.The purpose of this symposium is to examine the role of technology in transforming higher education.
The goal is to seek best methods of using technology more effectively to educate learners for the 21st century. The shifts in society's focus and the characteristics of learners going into the future are also critical, and part of this discussion.
New technologies, new pedagogies: Finding the grail in higher education
Authors: Spires Hiller A. , Hervey Lisa G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMore than 100 years ago, John Dewey, a major influence in American education, argued for the need to “stimulate the spirit of inquiry into actual fact” (Dewey, 2002, p. 118). The debate among politicians and educators about the structure, purpose, and goals of education and inquiry continues. Yet the world has changed, largely because of widely accessible and versatile technologies. We are unclear how Dewey's spirit of inquiry will grow, die, or reinvent itself through boundaryless tools of inquiry such as the Internet, but the technology is here and will not disappear while educators debate best methods.Twenty‐first‐century society demands new ways to learn and understand, and these new ways of learning require new ways of teaching (McPheeters, 2009/2010). For many students, especially the younger generations, technology intertwines with almost all daily activities, including social contact. Many educators lag behind the technological curve and express frustration at the challenge to shift their educational paradigms toward increasingly technological means of communication and interaction, or entertain “virtual realities” as legitimate educational forums.The purpose of this symposium is to examine the role of technology in transforming higher education.
The goal is to seek best methods of using technology more effectively to educate learners for the 21st century. The shifts in society's focus and the characteristics of learners going into the future are also critical, and part of this discussion.
Leadership in educational technology: Insights from the corporate world
Authors: Gomes Wendy 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMore than 100 years ago, John Dewey, a major influence in American education, argued for the need to “stimulate the spirit of inquiry into actual fact” (Dewey, 2002, p. 118). The debate among politicians and educators about the structure, purpose, and goals of education and inquiry continues. Yet the world has changed, largely because of widely accessible and versatile technologies. We are unclear how Dewey's spirit of inquiry will grow, die, or reinvent itself through boundaryless tools of inquiry such as the Internet, but the technology is here and will not disappear while educators debate best methods.Twenty‐first‐century society demands new ways to learn and understand, and these new ways of learning require new ways of teaching (McPheeters, 2009/2010). For many students, especially the younger generations, technology intertwines with almost all daily activities, including social contact. Many educators lag behind the technological curve and express frustration at the challenge to shift their educational paradigms toward increasingly technological means of communication and interaction, or entertain “virtual realities” as legitimate educational forums.The purpose of this symposium is to examine the role of technology in transforming higher education.
The goal is to seek best methods of using technology more effectively to educate learners for the 21st century. The shifts in society's focus and the characteristics of learners going into the future are also critical, and part of this discussion.
The role of technology in transforming higher education
Authors: Eberwein Dale H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMore than 100 years ago, John Dewey, a major influence in American education, argued for the need to “stimulate the spirit of inquiry into actual fact” (Dewey, 2002, p. 118). The debate among politicians and educators about the structure, purpose, and goals of education and inquiry continues. Yet the world has changed, largely because of widely accessible and versatile technologies. We are unclear how Dewey's spirit of inquiry will grow, die, or reinvent itself through boundaryless tools of inquiry such as the Internet, but the technology is here and will not disappear while educators debate best methods.Twenty‐first‐century society demands new ways to learn and understand, and these new ways of learning require new ways of teaching (McPheeters, 2009/2010). For many students, especially the younger generations, technology intertwines with almost all daily activities, including social contact. Many educators lag behind the technological curve and express frustration at the challenge to shift their educational paradigms toward increasingly technological means of communication and interaction, or entertain “virtual realities” as legitimate educational forums.The purpose of this symposium is to examine the role of technology in transforming higher education.
The goal is to seek best methods of using technology more effectively to educate learners for the 21st century. The shifts in society's focus and the characteristics of learners going into the future are also critical, and part of this discussion.
Epilogue
Authors: Davidson Phillip 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMore than 100 years ago, John Dewey, a major influence in American education, argued for the need to “stimulate the spirit of inquiry into actual fact” (Dewey, 2002, p. 118). The debate among politicians and educators about the structure, purpose, and goals of education and inquiry continues. Yet the world has changed, largely because of widely accessible and versatile technologies. We are unclear how Dewey's spirit of inquiry will grow, die, or reinvent itself through boundaryless tools of inquiry such as the Internet, but the technology is here and will not disappear while educators debate best methods.Twenty‐first‐century society demands new ways to learn and understand, and these new ways of learning require new ways of teaching (McPheeters, 2009/2010). For many students, especially the younger generations, technology intertwines with almost all daily activities, including social contact. Many educators lag behind the technological curve and express frustration at the challenge to shift their educational paradigms toward increasingly technological means of communication and interaction, or entertain “virtual realities” as legitimate educational forums.The purpose of this symposium is to examine the role of technology in transforming higher education.
The goal is to seek best methods of using technology more effectively to educate learners for the 21st century. The shifts in society's focus and the characteristics of learners going into the future are also critical, and part of this discussion.
The functional morphology of the anterior masticatory apparatus in tree‐gouging marmosets (cebidae, primates)
Authors: Hogg Russell T. , Ravosa Matthew J. , Ryan Timothy M. , Vinyard Christopher J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAlthough all genera of Callitrichinae feed on tree exudates, marmosets (Callithrix and Cebuella) use specialized anterior teeth to gouge holes in trees and actively stimulate exudate flow. Behavioral studies demonstrate that marmosets use large jaw gapes but do not appear to generate large bite forces (relative to maximal ability) during gouging. Nonetheless, the anterior teeth of marmosets likely experience different loads during gouging compared to nongouging platyrrhines. We use histological data from sectioned teeth, μCTs of jaws and teeth, and in vitro tests of symphyseal strength to compare the anterior masticatory apparatus in Callithrix to nongouging tamarins (Saguinus) and other cebids. We test the hypotheses that (1) marmoset anterior teeth are adapted to accommodate relatively high stresses linked to dissipating gouging forces and (2) the mandibular symphysis does not provide increased load resistance ability compared with closely related nongouging platyrrhines. Differences in decussation between Callithrix and Saguinus are greatest in the anterior teeth, suggesting an increased load resistance ability specifically in incisor and canine enamel of Callithrix. Callithrix lower incisor crowns are labiolingually thicker suggesting increased bending resistance in this plane and improved wedging ability compared with Saguinus. Anterior tooth roots are larger relative to symphyseal bone volume in Callithrix. Anterior tooth root surface areas also are larger in marmosets for their symphyseal volume, but it remains unclear whether this relative increase is an adaptation for dissipating dental stresses versus a growth‐related byproduct of relatively elongated incisors. Finally, simulated jaw loading suggests a reduced ability to withstand external forces in the Callithrix symphysis. The contrast between increased load resistance ability in the anterior dentition versus relatively reduced symphyseal strength (1) suggests a complex loading environment during gouging, (2) highlights the possibility of distinct loading patterns in the anterior teeth versus the symphysis, and (3) points to a potential mosaic pattern of dentofacial adaptations to tree gouging. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fracture prevention by femoroplasty—cement augmentation of the proximal femur
Authors: Beckmann J. , Springorum R. , Vettorazzi E. , Bachmeier S. , Lüring C. , Tingart M. , Püschel K. , Stark O. , Grifka J. , Gehrke T. , Amling M. , Gebauer M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe prevention of hip fractures is a desirable goal to reduce morbidity, mortality, and socio‐economic burden. We evaluated the influence on femoral strength of different clinically applicable cementing techniques as “femoroplasty.” Twenty‐eight human cadaveric femora were augmented by means of four clinically applicable percutaneous cementing techniques and then tested biomechanically against their native contralateral control to determine fracture strength in an established biomechanical model mimicking a fall on the greater trochanter. The energy applied until fracture could be significantly increased by two of the methods by 160% (53.1 Nm vs. 20.4 Nm, p < 0.001) and 164% (47.1 Nm vs. 17.8 Nm, p = 0.008), respectively. The peak load to failure was significantly increased by three of the methods by 23% (3818.3 N vs. 3095.7 N, p = 0.003), 35% (3698.4 N vs. 2737.5 N, p = 0.007), and 12% (3056.8 N vs. 2742.8 N, p = 0.005), respectively. The femora augmented with cemented double drill holes had a lower fracture strength than the single drilled ones. Experimental femoroplasty is a technically feasible procedure for the prophylactic reinforcement of the osteoporotic proximal femur and, hence, could be an auxiliary treatment option to protect the proximal femur against osteoporotic fractures. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:1753–1758, 2011
Repair of rat cranial bone defects with nHAC/PLLA and BMP‐2‐related peptide or rhBMP‐2
Authors: Li Jingfeng , Hong Jijun , Zheng Qixin , Guo Xiaodong , Lan Shenghui , Cui Fuzhai , Pan Haitao , Zou Zhenwei , Chen Chao 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAn ideal artificial substitute has good biocompatibility properties and is able to provide for rapid bone formation. Bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) is considered as one of the most important growth factors for bone regeneration. In this study, a synthetic BMP‐2‐related peptide (designated P24) corresponding to residues of the knuckle epitope of BMP‐2 was introduced into a bioactive scaffold based on nano‐hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L‐lactic acid) (nHAC/PLLA); its in vitro release kinetics was then measured. A 5 mm diameter cranial bone defect was created in the calvariae of 30 rats and randomly implanted with three groups of biomaterials: Group A (nHAC/PLLA alone); Group B (P24/nHAC/PLLA composite); and Group C (recombinant human BMP‐2 (rhBMP‐2)/nHAC/PLLA composite). The P24/nHAC/PLLA implants significantly stimulated bone growth similarly to the rhBMP‐2/nHAC/PLLA implants based on the radiographic and three‐dimensional CT evaluation and histological examination, thereby confirming the enhanced bone healing rate of these compounds compared with the stand‐alone nHAC/PLLA scaffold material. The osteoinductive ability of 3 mg P24 was similar to that of 1 µg rhBMP‐2. P24/nHAC/PLLA is a promising scaffold biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:1745–1752, 2011
Effects of 635nm light‐emitting diode irradiation on angiogenesis in CoCl2‐exposed HUVECs
Authors: Lim Won Bong , Kim Ji Sun , Ko Young Jong , Kwon HyukIl , Kim Sang Woo , Min Heung Kee , Kim Oksu , Choi Hong Ran , Kim Ok Joon 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIt is recognized that hypoxic/ischemic conditions leading to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important mediator of angiogenesis in the wound‐healing process. Recently, low level light irradiation at 635 nm, which is used in many clinical fields, was found to decrease intracellular ROS levels, and consequently alleviate oxidative stress. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of 635 nm light‐emitting diode (LED) irradiation on angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, in an in vitro CoCl2‐induced severe hypoxia model.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe effects were assessed on cell viability, tube formation, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF‐1 and ‐2 protein expression, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, and ROS dissociation.ResultsThe results showed that, under hypoxic/ischemic conditions, irradiation with 635 leads to reduced production and increased scavenging of intracellular ROS, which results in alleviation of VEGFR‐1 suppression, enhanced VEGF expression and ERK MAPK activation, and subsequent acceleration of angiogenesis with improved cell viability and tube formation.ConclusionTaken together, irradiation with 635 nm was shown to reduce intracellular ROS production, which results in increased angiogenesis. Thus, we suggest that irradiation with 635 nm accelerate angiogenesis under hypoxic/ischemic conditions, and may prove to be a useful alternative tool in wound healing. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:344–352, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of coherence length in biological tissues
Authors: Fixler Dror , Duadi Hamootal , Ankri Rinat , Zalevsky Zeev 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLately in phototherapy the use of diodes instead of lasers was suggested for economical and practical reasons. It has been argued that lasers have no preference over diodes since they lose their coherence once penetrating biological tissues. However, this point has never been experimentally proven. In this work we, for the first time, have experimentally validated the conditions affecting the spatial coherence of a laser illumination going through a biological tissue.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn our experiments we measured the spatial coherence of the light passing through phantoms containing intralipid and ink component as well as through uncooked turkey meat. We do this measuring the changes of the contrast of the speckle patterns generated due to laser illumination. Flow tunnels inside the phantoms were generated by needles in two different diameters. The measurements were performed for varied integration time, varied thickness of phantoms, and for varied flow rates. The measurement system included two excitation sources: a green doubled Nd:YAG laser at wavelength of 532 nm and an ultra high power green LED at a wavelength of 520 nm.ResultsIt was experimentally validated that the thickness of the tissue does not change the coherence while there is no flow. Furthermore, the flow velocity and the flow volumetric rate highly affect the coherence length. Previously developed mathematical expression, in which the contrast depends on the correlation and the exposure time, was found to be compatible with the obtained experimental results.ConclusionsWe found that the coherence of the laser is not lost when the light goes through a static tissue but it is partially lost when there is a flow of fluid through the tissue. The volumetric flow rate is directly correlated to the loss of spatial coherence. Higher flow rate produces shorter coherence length. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:339–343, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photodynamic therapy: The minimally invasive surgical intervention for advanced and/or recurrent tongue base carcinoma
Authors: Jerjes Waseem , Upile Tahwinder , Hamdoon Zaid , Abbas Syedda , Akram Sarah , Mosse Charles Alexander , Morley Simon , Hopper Colin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntroductionThe management of tongue base carcinoma continues to be a major challenge in head and neck oncology. Our aim in this prospective study was to evaluate the outcome following ultrasound‐guided interstitial photodynamic therapy (US‐iPDT) of stage IV tongue base carcinoma patients. Patients' reports on quality of life with clinical and radiological evaluation were the main end point parameters used to assess the outcome.Material and MethodsTwenty‐one consecutive patients referred to the UCLH Head and Neck Centre for treatment of advanced and/or recurrent tongue base cancer were included in this study. Two‐thirds of the referred patients had not been offered further conventional therapeutic options apart from palliative treatment. It was decided, by the multidisciplinary team, that the only available option was to offer US‐iPDT under general anesthesia, using mTHPC (Foscan®) as the photosensitizing agent. Following treatment, patients were followed‐up for a mean of 36 months (min. 21, max. 45).ResultsNine of the 11 patients who presented with breathing problems reported improvement after treatment. Also, 19 of the 21 patients reported improvement of swallowing. Improvement of speech was reported by 11 of 13 patients. Clinical assessment showed that more than half of the patients had “good response” to the treatment and about a third reported “moderate response.” Radiological assessment comparing imaging 6‐week post‐PDT to the baseline showed stable pathology with no change in size in four patients, minimal response in seven patients, moderate response in six patients, and significant response in two patients. Eight patients died; four of which due to loco‐regional disease; and two from distant tumor spread. Kaplan–Meir survival curve was generated from the survival and follow‐up data.ConclusionsPhotodynamic therapy is a successful palliative modality in the treatment of advanced and/or recurrent tongue base carcinoma. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:283–292, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effective photosensitization and selectivity In Vivo of Candida Albicans by meso‐tetra (N‐methyl‐4‐pyridyl) porphine tetra tosylate
Authors: Mitra Soumya , Haidaris Constantine G. , Snell Sara B. , Giesselman Benjamin R. , Hupcher Steven M. , Foster Thomas H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe fungus Candida albicans commonly causes mucosal and cutaneous infections in patients with impaired immunity. We investigated the effectiveness of the photosensitizer meso‐tetra (N‐methyl‐4‐pyridyl) porphine tetra tosylate (TMP‐1363) in the photodynamic treatment (PDT) of C. albicans infection in vitro and its selectivity in an animal model.Materials and MethodsThe efficacy of TMP‐1363 in PDT of C. albicans in vitro was compared to that of methylene blue (MB) using a colony forming unit (CFU) assay. In vivo infection in the mouse was established by inoculation of C. albicans yeast in the intradermal space of the ear pinna. Two days post‐infection, 0.3 mg ml−1 TMP‐1363 was administered topically. Thirty minutes after TMP‐1363 application, the ears were irradiated at 514 nm using a fluence of 90 J cm−2 delivered at an irradiance of 50 mW cm−2. The ears were excised 2 hours post‐irradiation, homogenized, and the organism burden was determined by a CFU assay. In vivo wide field and confocal fluorescence imaging assessed the localization of the photosensitizer in relationship to C. albicans.ResultsPhotosensitization with TMP‐1363 resulted in a greater than three‐log increase in killing of C. albicans in vitro compared to MB. In vivo fluorescence imaging demonstrated a high degree of selective labeling of C. albicans by TMP‐1363. PDT of infection using TMP‐1363 resulted in a significant reduction in CFU/ear relative to untreated controls. Infected ears subjected to PDT displayed complete healing over time with no observable damage to the pinna.ConclusionOur in vitro and in vivo findings support TMP‐1363‐mediated PDT as a viable therapeutic approach for the PDT of candidiasis. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:324–332, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.