bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gypsies in the palace: experimentalist's view on the use of 3‐D physics‐based simulation of hillslope hydrological response
Authors: James April L. , McDonnell Jeffrey J. , Tromp‐van Meerveld Ilja , Peters Norman E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAs a fundamental unit of the landscape, hillslopes are studied for their retention and release of water and nutrients across a wide range of ecosystems. The understanding of these near‐surface processes is relevant to issues of runoff generation, groundwater–surface water interactions, catchment export of nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, contaminants (e.g. mercury) and ultimately surface water health. We develop a 3‐D physics‐based representation of the Panola Mountain Research Watershed experimental hillslope using the TOUGH2 sub‐surface flow and transport simulator. A recent investigation of sub‐surface flow within this experimental hillslope has generated important knowledge of threshold rainfall‐runoff response and its relation to patterns of transient water table development. This work has identified components of the 3‐D sub‐surface, such as bedrock topography, that contribute to changing connectivity in saturated zones and the generation of sub‐surface stormflow. Here, we test the ability of a 3‐D hillslope model (both calibrated and uncalibrated) to simulate forested hillslope rainfall‐runoff response and internal transient sub‐surface stormflow dynamics. We also provide a transparent illustration of physics‐based model development, issues of parameterization, examples of model rejection and usefulness of data types (e.g. runoff, mean soil moisture and transient water table depth) to the model enterprise. Our simulations show the inability of an uncalibrated model based on laboratory and field characterization of soil properties and topography to successfully simulate the integrated hydrological response or the distributed water table within the soil profile. Although not an uncommon result, the failure of the field‐based characterized model to represent system behaviour is an important challenge that continues to vex scientists at many scales. We focus our attention particularly on examining the influence of bedrock permeability, soil anisotropy and drainable porosity on the development of patterns of transient groundwater and sub‐surface flow. Internal dynamics of transient water table development prove to be essential in determining appropriate model parameterization. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BENCHMARKING IRRIGATION WATER USE IN GOLF COURSES – A CASE STUDY IN SPAIN
Authors: Rodríguez‐Díaz J.A. , Weatherhead E.K. , García Morillo J. , Knox J.W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe golf sector is a relatively new competitor for scarce freshwater resources in many countries. Golf courses are increasingly being required to implement best management practice programmes promoting efficient use of water. As part of these programmes, water audits are undertaken to diagnose the current performance of the golf course. Benchmarking, a systematic process for detecting inefficiencies based on comparisons between similar systems, is a potential tool for identifying and targeting problem areas.An existing benchmarking methodology developed by the International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage for agricultural irrigation schemes has been adapted for evaluating golf course irrigation. The objectives of growing sports turf are very different from agricultural production systems, but the underlying ethos is directly comparable. Groups of indicators were developed in four domains: system operation, financial performance, productive efficiency and environmental issues. The methodology was applied as a case study to three courses in south‐east Spain to test its usability and capability.The results showed that the use of standard indicators and benchmarking does help highlight areas of potential improvement, though the particular circumstances and location of each course must be taken into account when interpreting the results. A larger data set using the standardized indicators is now needed to make the methodology useful more widely. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of the combination treatment of raloxifene and alendronate on the biomechanical properties of vertebral bone
Authors: Diab Tamim , Wang Jason , Reinwald Susan , Guldberg Robert E , Burr David B 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Raloxifene (RAL) and alendronate (ALN) improve the biomechanical properties of bone by different mechanisms. The goal here was to investigate the effects of combination treatment of RAL and ALN on the biomechanical properties of vertebral bone. Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 80) were randomized into five experimental groups (sham, OVX, OVX + RAL, OVX + ALN, and OVX + RAL + ALN; n = 16/group). Following euthanization, structural and derived material biomechanical properties of vertebral bodies were assessed. Density and dynamic histomorphometric measurements were made on cancellous bone. The results demonstrate that the structural biomechanical properties of vertebral bone are improved with the combination treatment. Stiffness and ultimate load of the OVX + RAL and OVX + ALN groups were significantly lower than those of sham animals, but the combination treatment with RAL + ALN was not significantly different from sham. Furthermore, the OVX + RAL + ALN group was the only agent-treated group in which the ultimate load was significantly higher than that in OVX animals (p &lt; .05). Cancellous bone fractional volume (BV/TVcanc) and bone mineral density (aBMD) also were improved with the combination treatment. BV/TVcanc of the OVX + RAL + ALN group was 6.7% and 8.7% greater than that of the OVX + RAL (p &lt; .05) and OVX + ALN (p &lt; .05) groups, respectively. Areal BMD of the OVX + RAL or OVX + ALN groups was not significantly different from that in OVX animals, but the value in animals undergoing combination treatment was significantly higher than that in OVX or OVX + RAL animals alone and not significantly different from that in sham-operated animals. Turnover rates of both the RAL + ALN and ALN alone groups were lower than in the RAL-treated alone group (p &lt; .05). We conclude that the combination treatment of raloxifene and alendronate has beneficial effects on bone volume, resulting in improvement in the structural properties of vertebral bone. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Prolonged survival and phenotypic correction of Akp2−/− hypophosphatasia mice by lentiviral gene therapy
Authors: Yamamoto Seiko , Orimo Hideo , Matsumoto Tae , Iijima Osamu , Narisawa Sonoko , Maeda Takahide , Millán José Luis , Shimada Takashi 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited systemic skeletal disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) isozyme. The clinical severity of HPP varies widely, with symptoms including rickets and osteomalacia. TNALP knockout (Akp2−/−) mice phenotypically mimic the severe infantile form of HPP; that is, TNALP-deficient mice are born with a normal appearance but die by 20 days of age owing to growth failure, hypomineralization, and epileptic seizures. In this study, a lentiviral vector expressing a bone-targeted form of TNALP was injected into the jugular vein of newborn Akp2−/− mice. We found that alkaline phosphatase activity in the plasma of treated Akp2−/− mice increased and remained at high levels throughout the life of the animals. The treated Akp2−/− mice survived for more than 10 months and demonstrated normal physical activity and a healthy appearance. Epileptic seizures were completely inhibited in the treated Akp2−/− mice, and X-ray examination of the skeleton showed that mineralization was significantly improved by the gene therapy. These results show that severe infantile HPP in TNALP knockout mice can be treated with a single injection of lentiviral vector during the neonatal period. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Traditional coating techniques in scanning electron microscopy compared to uncoated charge compensator technology: Looking at human blood fibrin networks with the ZEISS ULTRA Plus FEG‐SEM
Authors: Pretorius Etheresia 
Published: August 2010

AbstractScanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies surface morphology. Biological material needs to be coated to render the material conductive, and gold coating is traditionally used, although other coating material like carbon and ruthenium vapors may also be used. With modern SEM technology (e.g., ZEISS ULTRA Plus FEG‐SEM), we are able to work at very low kilovolts and also view fine surface structure in much better detail than with previous older technology. Some machines also allow for the study of uncoated material, although this is usually not done with biological material. This study focuses on surface clarity by comparing gold, ruthenium vapor, and carbon coating techniques for biological material. Human fibrin networks are used as example. Uncoated specimens are also viewed with a ZEISS ULTRA Plus FEG‐SEM because of its unique nitrogen charge compensator, and here, the first micrographs for uncoated human fibrin networks versus carbon, gold, and ruthenium coating are shown. We conclude that gold coating for biological material is not preferable with the latest SEM machines, as this method forms gold islands on top of the biological material and therefore produces a false surface morphology. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of trace gases' fluctuations on a ‘low energy’ cave (Castañar de Íbor, Spain) using techniques of entropy of curves
Authors: Fernandez‐Cortes Angel , Sanchez‐Moral Sergio , Cuezva Soledad , Benavente David , Abella Rafael 
Published: August 2010

AbstractVariations of carbon dioxide and radon content of cave air are presented as key parameters to assess the outgassing and isolation processes of a subterranean atmosphere. An exhaustive monitoring in the Castañar cave determined the temporal evolution of CO2 and 222Rn levels over a 12‐month period, in order to characterise the mechanisms of these microclimatic processes. Concentrations of both gases show both seasonal variations and short‐term fluctuations depending on several climatic factors: the air temperature difference between cave and exterior, cave air pressure, rainfall and anthropic factors including visits and duration of door opening. Over the course of an annual cycle, a cause‐effect analysis has been conducted by stationary clustering of time series in terms of entropy of curves. Two opposing patterns of cave microclimate have been distinguished: (1) storage of trace gases in the cave reservoir during the cold‐wet season, and (2) CO2 emissions during warm‐dry season. The partial water filling of the porous system and fissures of the membranes covering the cave (host rock and soil) is determined by the external relative humidity (controlled by the external air temperature) as well as by rainfalls, which play a key role in confining the cave atmosphere. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Influence of fatty acid additives on the tribological performance of sunflower oil
Authors: Baumgart Patrick , Canzi Gabriele , Hanashiro Tory , Doezema Lambert A. , Siniawski Matthew T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractVegetable oils are potential substitutes for petroleum‐based lubricants because they are environmentally friendly, renewable, less toxic and readily biodegradable. The addition of free fatty acids has been shown to increase the lubrication performance of vegetable oils at elevated temperatures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the length of the carbon chain in the fatty acid and its effectiveness as an additive for a range of elevated temperatures. Stearic, arachidic and behenic fatty acid additives were added to commercial sunflower oil. All fatty acid additives were shown to be effective in lowering the wear rate and coefficient of friction in ball‐on‐disc tribological tests. The overall carbon chain length was not observed to have a consistent influence on the effectiveness of the additive. All additives were less effective at temperatures above 100°C. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Nitrile Substituted cis‐Cyclooctenes
Authors: Schneider Martin F. , Gantner Carola , Obrecht Werner , Nuyken Oskar 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNew nitrile‐containing polymers have been synthesized by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of cis‐cyanocyclooct‐4‐ene and cis‐1,2‐dicyanocyclooct‐5‐ene with a 2nd generation Grubbs catalyst [(H2IMes)(PCy3)Cl2Ru = CHPh] (H2IMes = N,N′‐bis(mesityl)‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene). With increasing content of nitrile moieties on the cyclooctene ring the reaction rates decrease from cis‐cyclooctene to cis‐cyanocyclooct‐4‐ene and cis‐1,2‐dicyanocyclooct‐5‐ene. Contrary to commercially available nitrile rubbers (unhydrogenated and hydrogenated butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymers) in which double bonds, nitrile moieties, and methylene bridges are randomly distributed along the main chain, the new polymers show a regular distribution of structural entities.magnified image
A Novel Route to Prepare Highly Reactive and Versatile Chromatographic Monoliths
Authors: Lv Yongqin , Hughes Timothy C. , Hao Xiaojuan , Hart Noel K. , Littler Stuart W. , Zhang Xiaoqing , Tan Tianwei 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe copolymer poly(isocyanatoethyl methacrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (poly(IEM‐co‐MMA‐co‐EGDMA)) was developed as a novel, facile, highly reactive and versatile monolithic matrix, which was amenable to surface functionalization with a variety of nucleophilic modifiers based on the reactive isocyanate group, producing monoliths of various chemistries suitable for chromatography. The specific surface area, pore size distribution, porosity and morphology of the monolithic matrix were characterized using a mercury intrusion porosimeter and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Thermal analysis results revealed that the monolith was thermally stable up to 307 °C. The success of the chemical modification of the monolithic matrix was confirmed by FT‐IR, solid state 13C NMR and XPS elemental analysis, showing the high ligand density of the modified monoliths. A ligand density of up to 2.33 mmol·mL−1 was obtained for the 1‐octanol modified monolith (M1) with an isocyanate group conversion of 96.9%, indicating a high efficiency of the modification reaction. The potential application of the monoliths was demonstrated by the separation of a series of compounds. The novel monolithic columns exhibited high mechanical stability, column efficiency and good repeatability and reproducibility.magnified image
Sigma receptors and their ligands in cancer biology: overview and new perspectives for cancer therapy
Authors: Megalizzi Véronique , Le Mercier Marie , Decaestecker Christine 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA large number of drugs are known to bind with high affinity to sigma receptors (sigma‐Rs) and have been used in the clinic to treat mental disorders for many years. However, recent publications highlighting sigma‐R overexpression in many cancer tissues suggest potential applications for sigma‐R ligands in cancer diagnosis and therapy. The present review focuses on the involvement of sigma‐Rs in cancer biology and the potential therapeutic contributions of their pharmacologic ligands in oncology. After summarizing the current and general knowledge regarding sigma‐Rs, we detail data reported in the particular context of oncology. We then investigate the potential and specific signal transduction pathways and mechanisms involved in the actions of sigma‐R ligands in cancer biology. These processes include modulations of (1) the plasma membrane and lipid raft components, (2) intracellular calcium levels, (3) cytoskeletal protein functions, and (4) endoplasmic reticulum stress. Finally, we conclude by speculating on the roles of sigma‐R overexpression and sigma‐R ligands in cancer biology and offer perspectives on cancer therapy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
Research on IPv6 address configuration for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wang Xiaonan , Gao Demin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe paper proposes an IPv6 address configuration scheme for wireless sensor networks. In the scheme, one wireless sensor network is divided into multiple clusters and the scheme creates the IPv6 address formats for the cluster heads and the cluster members respectively. Based on the proposed IPv6 address format, the scheme proposes to adopt the division method of the hash function to allocate the IPv6 addresses for the cluster heads and cluster members and to utilize linear probing to deal with assigned address collision. From the perspectives of duplicate address detection cost, address configuration cost and address configuration delay time, the paper analyzes and compares the performances of Strong DAD, MANETConf and the proposed scheme. Analytical results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On an efficient splitting‐based method for solving the diffusion equation on a sphere
Authors: Skiba Yuri N. , Filatov Denis M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA novel numerical approach for solving the diffusion problem on a sphere is suggested. By using operator splitting, we develop a new method that allows constructing finite difference schemes of the second and fourth approximation orders in the spatial variables. Both schemes properly ensure the balance of mass and the energy dissipation in the L2 ‐norm. The schemes are very cheap from the computational standpoint. Numerical results demonstrate the skillfulness of the approach in describing the diffusion dynamics on a sphere. It is shown the method can directly be extended to nonlinear diffusion problems.© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 331–352, 2012
A linear system‐free Gaussian RBF method for the Gross‐Pitaevskii equation on unbounded domains
Authors: Sarra Scott A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGaussian radial basis function (RBF) interpolation methods are theoretically spectrally accurate. However, in applications this accuracy is seldom realized due to the necessity of solving a very poorly conditioned linear system to evaluate the methods. Recently, by using approximate cardinal functions and restricting the method to a uniformly spaced grid (or a smooth mapping thereof), it has been shown that the Gaussian RBF method can be formulated in a matrix free framework that does not involve solving a linear system [1]. In this work, we differentiate the linear system‐free Gaussian (LSFG) method and use it to solve partial differential equations on unbounded domains that have solutions that decay rapidly and that are negligible at the ends of the grid. As an application, we use the LSFG collocation method to numerically simulate Bose‐Einstein condensates. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 389–401, 2012
Nonconforming spline collocation methods in irregular domains II: Error analysis
Authors: He Yinnian , Sun Weiwei 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA nonconforming spline collocation method is investigated for elliptic PDEs in an irregular region with a triangular mesh. The existence and uniqueness of the spline collocation system and the optimal H1 and L2 ‐error analysis of the numerical solution are provided. Numerical experiments are presented to confirm the theoretical analysis and show the efficiency of this method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 441–456 2012
Adolescent group empowerment: group‐centred occupations to empower adolescents with disabilities in the urban slums of North India
Authors: Gulati Sonia , Paterson Margo , Medves Jennifer , Luce‐Kapler Rebecca 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study aimed to understand how adolescents with disabilities can assume greater control over their rehabilitation and participation within a community‐based rehabilitation programme in the urban slums of North India. A critical ethnographical approach using multiple qualitative and participatory data collection methods was adopted. Fieldwork was conducted from January to May 2005 and October 2006 to March 2007 with 21 adolescents with and 11 adolescents without disabilities (aged 12 to 18 years), and 10 community‐based rehabilitation staff members. A conceptual framework called the ‘Adolescent Group Empowerment Pyramid’ was developed. Four themes informed the framework: group participation, group demonstration, group recognition and the socio‐cultural environment's interaction with disability. Group empowerment, achieved through group‐centred occupations, encourages adolescents to work together to address their rehabilitation challenges and agendas. Three external support factors and 10 areas for nurturing the group empowerment process also emerged. A limitation of this study is the lack of data on how the familial and local political and economic environment impact adolescents' ability to make decisions about their rehabilitation. Further research might explore group occupations and occupational recognition, and what this means for social change and the personal and collective growth of adolescents in underserviced communities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal and optical properties of some phosphorus‐containing poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐ester‐imide)s
Authors: Hamciuc Corneliu , Hamciuc Elena , Serbezeanu Diana , Vlad‐Bubulac Tachita 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA series of phosphorus‐containing poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐ester‐imide)s was prepared by polycondensation reaction of an aromatic dianhydride, namely 1,4‐[2‐(6‐oxido‐6H‐dibenz<c,e><1,2>oxaphosphorin‐6‐yl)]‐naphthalene‐bis(trimellitate)dianhydride, with different aromatic diamines containing 1,3,4‐oxadiazole ring. A solution imidization procedure was used to convert quantitatively the poly(amic acid) intermediates to the corresponding polyimides. The chemical structures of the monomers and polymers were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The polymers were easily soluble in polar solvents such as N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N‐dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. They exhibited good thermal properties having the decomposition temperature above 380°C and the glass transition temperature in the range of 201–232°C. Due to the presence of phosphorus the polymers gave high char yield in termogravimetric analysis, hence good flame retardant properties. Optical properties were analyzed in solution by using UV–vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Solutions of the polymers in NMP exhibited photoluminescence in the blue region. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional membranes prepared by layer‐by‐layer assembly and its metal ions adsorption property
Authors: Jiang Yi , Wang Wen‐Cai 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPVDF/(PEI‐C/PAA)n functional membranes were prepared by layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly, and their heavy metal ions adsorption capability was investigated. The changes in the chemical compositions of membrane surfaces were determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS results show that the surface of the PVDF membrane can be alternatively functionalized by PEI‐C and PAA. The membrane surface hydrophilicity was evaluated through water contact angle measurement. Contact angle results show that the surface hydrophilicity of the membrane surface depends on the outermost deposited layer. Morphological changes of membrane surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The water fluxes for these membranes were elevated after modification. The performances of the PVDF/(PEI‐C/PAA)n membranes on the adsorption of copper ions (Cu2+) from aqueous solutions were investigated by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The results indicate that the PVDF/(PEI‐C/PAA)n functional membranes show high copper ions adsorption ability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.