bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factor Structure of Self‐Reported Clinical Disorders and Personality Disorders: A Review of the Existing Literature and a Factor Analytical Study
Authors: Bachrach Nathan , Croon Marcel A. , Bekker Marrie H. J. 
Published: April 2012

ObjectivesThe aim of this research is to add to the current understanding of the latent factor structure of personality disorders by performing a review of the existing literature (Study 1) and a factor analytical study on the factor structure and the relationship between self‐reported Axis I and Axis II psychopathology (Study 2).DesignThe current research (Study 2) is cross‐sectional and multicenter.ResultsWe found support for the assumption that the borderline personality disorder is a multidimensional construct. Second, we found evidence for a single‐factor structure of the narcissistic, dependent as well as the avoidant personality disorder. Third, we found support for the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) distinction between Axis I and Axis II, Axis I psychopathology being explained by the factor neuroticism and Axis II disorders to be further subdivided into the higher order factors of internalizing and externalizing pathology.ConclusionsAn adaptation to the current DSM‐IV borderline personality criteria should be made, while various findings show that the borderline construct is multidimensional. Second, deletion of the dependent and narcissistic personality in the DSM‐V might be unjust. Third, Axis I psychopathology can be explained by the factor neuroticism, and Axis II disorders should be further subdivided into the higher order factors of internalizing and externalizing pathology.
Psychotherapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: Long‐Term Effectiveness of Resource‐Oriented Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapy and Cognitive Therapy in Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Willutzki Ulrike , Teismann Tobias , Schulte Dietmar 
Published: April 2012

ObjectiveResource‐oriented cognitive‐behavioral therapy (ROCBT) and cognitive therapy (CT) have been shown to be effective treatments for social anxiety disorder. However, so far few studies have examined the long‐term effectiveness of these treatments. Thus, there is little information available about the durability of change in treated patients with social anxiety disorder.DesignThis study examined the effectiveness of both treatments at 2‐year and 10‐year follow‐up assessments. Patients who received ROCBT or CT were re‐contacted after 2 (n = 51), and 10 years (n = 27), respectively, and completed a battery of self‐report questionnaires.ResultsTreatment gains were maintained over the 2‐year follow‐up on all measures. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement on 2 social anxiety measures between posttreatment and the 10‐year follow‐up. ROCBT and CT did not differ in overall effectiveness.ConclusionThe results suggest that both treatments are effective and durable approaches in the treatment of social anxiety disorder.
Efficient acetoin production by optimization of medium components and oxygen supply control using a newly isolated Paenibacillus polymyxa CS107
Authors: Zhang Liaoyuan , Chen Shuang , Xie Haibo , Tian Yuting , Hu Kaihui 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Acetoin is a natural flavor commonly used in wine, buffer, honey, garnet berry and strawberry as a food additive. It also has been widely applied in cosmetics, pharmacy and chemical synthesis. Culture medium optimization and process control were carried out for efficient production of acetoin by a newly isoliated P. polymyxa CS107.RESULTS: An acetoin high producing strain, designated as CS107, was newly isolated and identified as P. polymyxa based on its physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as the 16S rDNA sequence. The medium composition was optimized in shake flask fermentations by a sequential statistical experimental design. Under the optimized conditions, acetoin concentration of 30.98 g L−1 was achieved with 71.83% of theoretical glucose conversion efficiency. Fed‐batch fermentation based on a suitable agitation speed was carried out in a 5 L jar, the maximum acetoin concentration of 55.3 g L−1 was obtained with the productivity of 1.32 g L−1 h−1 and the yield of 75.62%.CONCLUSION: A new strain for efficient production of acetoin, designated as P. polymyxa CS107, was obtained. The optimization of fermentation variables and fed‐batch culture resulted in a maximum acetoin concentration of 55.3 g L−1 in 5 L jar. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Organosolv lignin depolymerization with different base catalysts
Authors: Toledano Ana , Serrano Luis , Labidi Jalel 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Revalorization of lignin is one of the key economical requirements for the development of cost‐effective biorefinery processes. The lignin polyphenolic structure is ideally suited to transformation catalytically into lower molecular weight compounds such as phenols, aromatic acids, esters, ethers, etc., replacing those obtained from petroleum.RESULTS: Lignin was subjected to base catalyzed depolymerization paying attention to the base effect on the oil yield and composition. The oil yields and compositions varied (5–20%) strongly depending on the base used, suggesting that the reactions took place via different mechanisms. As a result, the monomeric compounds obtained were different (catechol, cresols, syringol, guaiacol). Residual lignin contents were high for most of the experiments (up to 45%), and repolymerization reactions were proved to be one of the main reasons for this behavior.CONCLUSION: The results showed that lignin depolymerization produced phenolic compounds that can be introduced into existing petrochemical industries. The base selection will govern the nature of the products obtained. Repolymerization was proved to take place and to be the reason for the limitation on oil production. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Regulation of α‐synuclein expression in down syndrome
Authors: Ramakrishna Narayan , Meeker Harry C. , Patel Satyam , Brown Ted W. , El Idrissi Abdeslem 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe triplication of genes located on chromosome 21 is known to cause a wide spectrum of pathology seen in Down syndrome (DS), including leukemia, seizures, stroke, and mental retardation. Studies on RNA and protein expression of genes in DS brain have demonstrated the role of triplicated genes in several DS phenotypes. Significant changes in the expression of nontriplicated genes have also been observed. However, little information is available regarding the role of nonchromosome 21 genes in DS pathology. We have found that α‐synuclein (SNCA), a presynaptic protein whose gene is located on chromosome 6 in the Ts65Dn mouse model for DS, is significantly reduced in the cortex and other brain regions. We hypothesize that this alteration may play a critical role in the reduced synaptic function observed in DS. We have found an increase in the level of neurosin, a key negative regulator of SNCA in Ts65Dn cortex. We have also found increased levels of protein phosphatase 2A, a negative regulator of the activation of tyrosine hydroxylase and a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for dopamine in Ts65Dn cortex. These findings reveal potential target sites for intervention in the treatment of DS pathology. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mid‐century effects of Climate Change on African monsoon dynamics using the A1B emission scenario
Authors: Monerie Paul‐Arthur , Roucou Pascal , Fontaine Bernard 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFuture climate changes in African regions are model‐dependent and there is no consensus regarding Sahelian rainfall by the end of this century. Using 12 atmosphere‐ocean global climate models of the third Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) we propose a multi‐model (MM) analysis contrasting the 1960–1999 period (20c3m integration) and the 2031–2070 period (A1B emission scenario). The analyses are based on MM response but also on the ‘one model‐one vote’ concept to give the same weight to each model. The results show robust signals in the rainfall response, i.e., increasing (decreasing) amounts in central (western) Sahel associated with specific changes in atmospheric dynamics. The rainfall excesses expected in central Sahel are mainly linked to an enhancement of the northern Hadley‐type cell and probably to its northward shift. At low‐levels increasing temperature and evaporation strengthen the monsoon flux. Rainfall deficits predicted westward are due to a reinforcement of the African Easterly Jet and to anomalies in the zonal circulation between the Indian and the Atlantic Oceans, favouring air subsidence and moisture export outside the region. The weakening of the meridional circulation is also able to prevent rainfall amounts in the western part of the Sahel. More generally, these analyses show that in future works the Sahel region must not be considered as one consistent region but as two separate areas, both sides of the Greenwich meridian. The authors propose to consider this feature in the next Fifth Assessment cycle (AR5) in order to better understand the impacts of the climate change on West Africa. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Performance of a high resolution global model over southern South America
Authors: Blázquez Josefina , Nuñez Mario N. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper evaluates a present climate simulation over southern South America performed with the Meteorological Research Institute/Japanese Meteorological Agency (MRI/JMA) high resolution global model. Main patterns of low and upper‐level atmospheric circulation were analysed in a 25‐year simulation as well as climate means, interannual variability, trends and bias of temperature and precipitation. The model is able to reproduce the main atmospheric circulation patterns and mean surface variables, although some deficiencies were found such as an overestimation of temperature over central Argentina in most of seasons, an overestimation of austral winter precipitation over northeastern and central Argentina, an underestimation of precipitation in all the seasons over southeast of Brazil, an underestimation of the amplitude of the annual cycle temperature in some regions and an overestimation of the amplitude of the annual cycle of precipitation over mountainous areas. Model interannual variability was also assessed. In general, temperature variability is overestimated, whereas precipitation is underestimated. The spatial structure of the year‐to‐year variability of precipitation is correctly simulated by the model, although some patterns were misplaced. Most of regions present a cold seasonal bias reaching values of − 2 °C in some regions. It was found that precipitation biases are between 3 and − 1 mm day−1. In some regions and seasons observed and simulated temperature trends coincide, as in austral summer or spring, where the model and the observations show positive trends in most of regions. However, there is no agreement between observed and simulated precipitation trends in almost all the regions and seasons. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Recent ground surface warming and its effects on permafrost on the central Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wu Tonghua , Zhao Lin , Li Ren , Wang Qinxue , Xie Changwei , Pang Qiangqiang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this study, the ground surface temperature (GST) records from 16 meteorological stations, which are located in or adjacent to permafrost regions on the central Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP), are analysed using Mann–Kendal test and Sen's slope estimate methods. We revealed that the GSTs have shown statistically significant warming. On average, mean annual ground surface temperature has increased at a rate of 0.60 °C decade−1 over the period of 1980–2007, which is more pronounced than the increase of mean annual air temperature on the plateau. The winter ground surface warming is especially prominent, which is similar to the seasonal trends in changes of air temperature. As important parameters to assess the changes of ground thermal regime in cold regions, surface freezing and thawing indices were also studied. The nonparametric statistic test and estimate indicate that surface freezing and thawing indices both show significant variations (−111.2 and 125.0 °C d decade−1, respectively) on the central QTP. The intensive ground surface warming is responsible for the concurrent increase in permafrost temperatures at the long‐term observation sites on the plateau. The close correlations between ground surface and permafrost temperatures indicate that the dramatic ground surface warming could have significant influence on the change of permafrost thermal regime in the study region. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Azospirillum improves lettuce growth and transplant under saline conditions
Authors: Fasciglione Gabriela , Casanovas Elda M , Yommi Alejandra , Sueldo Rolando J , Barassi Carlos A 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that as a plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), Azospirillum inoculation could contribute to the mitigation of the negative effects caused by salt on lettuce growth. Moreover, the use of PGPR to alleviate the effects of transplant in vegetables has also been recognized. However, the scarce data available on the use of Azospirillum to improve lettuce growth before and after transplant under saline conditions prompted us to focus our research on this topic.RESULTS: Early germination and seedling settlement of seeds exposed to 0 and 40 mol m−3 NaCl were clearly improved by Azospirillum inoculation. At 0 mol m−3 NaCl, plant establishment, leaf mass and root mass parameters before transplant were significantly higher in inoculated plants than in non‐inoculated controls. At harvest, leaf fresh weight, ascorbic acid content and plant survival to transplant were also significantly higher in Azospirillum‐inoculated plants grown at 0 mol m−3 NaCl. In addition to these effects, leaf dry weight, area and chlorophyll content were also increased by Azospirillum inoculation when plants were grown at 40 mol m−3 NaCl.CONCLUSION: Azospirillum‐inoculated lettuce seeds yield a higher number of transplanted plants with superior quality than non‐inoculated controls grown at 0 or at 40 mol m−3 NaCl. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with esophageal carcinoma invading adjacent structures found during esophagectomy
Authors: Kosugi Shin‐ichi , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Kanda Tatsuo , Yajima Kazuhito , Ishikawa Takashi , Hatakeyama Katsuyoshi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectivesA treatment strategy for patients with esophageal carcinoma invading adjacent structures found during esophagectomy (surgical T4; sT4) has not been established and the role of esophagectomy remains controversial. The aims of this study were to assess the clinicopathological characteristics and to clarify the prognostic factors of patients who underwent esophagectomy for sT4 tumors.MethodsA consecutive series of 76 patients who were found to have sT4 tumors was reviewed retrospectively. T4 tumors were divided into two groups according to the invaded structures. Cox's multivariate proportional hazard model was used to identify prognostic factors.ResultsComplete tumor clearance with combined resection was performed in 12 patients (16%). Overall 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates were 40.8%, 9.2%, and 7.9%, respectively. There was no significant relationship between survival and invaded structure type or residual tumor status. Postoperative therapy was selected as an independent prognostic factor.ConclusionsThe complete resection rate was low and the prognosis of patients with sT4 tumors was poor. Subclassification according to the invaded structures was not a prognostic factor in this study. Postoperative therapy may improve survival in sT4 patients and should be considered irrespective of residual tumor status after esophagectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:767–772. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Duty‐related trauma exposure in 911 telecommunicators: Considering the risk for posttraumatic stress
Authors: Pierce Heather , Lilly Michelle M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPeritraumatic distress may increase the risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in police officers. Much less is known about emotional reactions and PTSD symptomatology in 911 telecommunicators. The current study assessed duty‐related exposure to potentially traumatic calls, peritraumatic distress, and PTSD symptomatology in a cross‐sectional, convenience sample of 171 telecommunicators. Results showed that telecommunicators reported high levels of peritraumatic distress and a moderate, positive relationship was found between peritraumatic distress and PTSD symptom severity (r = .34). The results suggest that 911 telecommunicators are exposed to duty‐related trauma that may lead to the development of PTSD, and that direct, physical exposure to trauma may not be necessary to increase risk for PTSD in this population.
CHANGES IN SOIL ORGANIC CARBON UNDER EUCALYPTUS PLANTATIONS IN BRAZIL: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Fialho R. C. , Zinn Y. L. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTProper assessment of environmental quality or degradation requires knowledge of how terrestrial C pools respond to land use change. Forest plantations offer a considerable potential to sequester C in aboveground biomass. However, their impact on initial levels of soil organic carbon (SOC) varies from strong losses to gains, possibly affecting C balances in afforestation or reforestation initiatives. We compiled paired‐plot studies on how SOC stocks under native vegetation change after planting fast‐growth Eucalyptus species in Brazil, where these plantations are becoming increasingly important. SOC changes for the 0–20 and 0–40 cm depths varied between −25 and 42 Mg ha−1, following a normal distribution centered near zero. After replacing native vegetation by Eucalyptus plantations, mean SOC changes were −1·5 and 0·3 Mg ha−1 for the 0–20 and 0–40 cm depths, respectively. These are very low figures in comparison to C stocks usually sequestered in aboveground biomass and were statistically nonsignificant as demonstrated by a t‐test at p < 0·05. Similar low, nonsignificant SOC changes were estimated after data were stratified into first or second rotation cycles, soil texture and biome (savanna, rainforest or grassland). Although strong SOC losses or gains effectively occurred in some cases, their underpinning causes could not be generally identified in the present work and must be ascribed in a case basis, considering the full set of environmental and management conditions. We conclude that Eucalyptus spp. plantations in average have no net effect on SOC stocks in Brazil. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous reconstruction of head and neck defects following tumor resection and trismus release with a single anterolateral thigh donor site utilizing a lateral approach to flap harvest
Authors: Lin Pao‐Yuan , Chen Chien‐Chung , Kuo Yur‐Ren , Jeng Seng‐Feng 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground: An anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has gradually become the workhorse flap of reconstructions at different anatomical locations because of its reliability and versatility. In this study, we introduced the concepts: one is the ALT flap harvest from a lateral approach and the other is the reconstruction of extensive head and neck defects with a single ALT donor site. Methods: A lateral approach ALT flap was harvested in 13 patients who had buccal cancer and/or tumors of the lower lip combined with buccal trismus. Three types of ALT flaps (type I: two skin paddles, one pedicle; type II: two skin paddles, two pedicles; type III: one skin paddle, one pedicle) were used in one‐stage reconstructions of these extensive head and neck defects. Results: In our series, there were four type I, five type II, and four type III flaps. All flaps survived and no major postoperative complication occurred. Four of the 13 donor sites were repaired with a split‐thickness skin graft harvested from the contralateral thigh. The immediate interincisor distance increase was 21.4 and 16.5 mm at 1‐year follow‐up. Conclusions: Different types of ALT flap from a single donor site can be designed by means of a lateral approach; and the satisfactory results of reconstruction for extensive head and neck defects following the tumor resection and trismus release can be achieved. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Functional fibrinogen to platelet ratio using thromboelastography as a predictive parameter for thrombotic complications following free tissue transfer surgery: A preliminary study
Authors: Parker Rachel J. , Eley Karen A. , Von Kier Stephen , Pearson Oliver , Watt‐Smith Stephen R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground: Microvascular free tissue transfer in head and neck surgery has become an indispensable tool. Anastomotic thrombosis is one of the leading causes of flap failure; however, there are no validated methods to accurately identify and quantify those patients most at risk of thrombotic complications. The aim of this study was to determine if functional fibrinogen to platelet ratio using thrombelastography could preoperatively identify patients at risk of thrombotic complications. Materials and Methods: Twenty nine patients undergoing free tissue transfer surgery for head and neck pathology underwent routine TEG® analysis, with calculation of functional fibrinogen to platelet ratio at induction of anesthesia. All perioperative thrombotic complications were recorded and crossreferenced with preoperative ratios. Data was further compared to results obtained from 42 healthy volunteers. Results: The mean functional fibrinogen to platelet ratio was significantly higher in the surgery group compared to healthy volunteers. Of the 29 patients studied, 31% (n = 9) had some form of thrombotic event, with all but one patient having a ratio ≥42% (mean 47% ± 7%). For those patients without thrombotic events, the mean ratio was 37% ± 5%. Conclusion: A functional fibrinogen to platelet ratio above 42% as measured by TEG® may be useful in identifying those patients likely to develop thrombotic complication. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.