bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sevoflurane Remifentanil Interaction
Authors: Heyse Bjorn , Proost Johannes H. , Schumacher Peter M. , Bouillon Thomas W. , Vereecke Hugo E. M. , Eleveld Douglas J. , Luginbühl Martin , Struys Michel M. R. F. 
Published: January 2012

Background
Various pharmacodynamic response surface models have been developed to quantitatively describe the relationship between two or more drug concentrations with their combined clinical effect. We examined the interaction of remifentanil and sevoflurane on the probability of tolerance to shake and shout, tetanic stimulation, laryngeal mask airway insertion, and laryngoscopy in patients to compare the performance of five different response surface models.

Methods
Forty patients preoperatively received different combined concentrations of remifentanil (0-12 ng/ml) and sevoflurane (0.5-3.5 vol.%) according to a criss-cross design (160 concentration pairs, four per patient). After having reached pseudosteady state, the response to shake and shout, tetanic stimulation, laryngeal mask airway insertion, and laryngoscopy was recorded. For the analysis of the probability of tolerance, five different interaction models were tested: Greco, Reduced Greco, Minto, Scaled C50(O) Hierarchical, and Fixed C50(O) Hierarchical model. All calculations were performed with NONMEM VI (Icon Development Solutions, Ellicott City, MD).

Results
The pharmacodynamic interaction between sevoflurane and remifentanil was strongly synergistic for both the hypnotic and the analgesic components of anesthesia. The Greco model did not result in plausible parameter estimates. The Fixed C50(O) Hierarchical model performed slightly better than the Scaled C50(O) Hierarchical and Reduced Greco models, whereas the Minto model fitted less well.

Conclusion
We showed the importance of exploring various surface model approaches when studying drug interactions. The Fixed C50(O) Hierarchical model fits our data on sevoflurane remifentanil interaction best and appears to be an appropriate model for use in hypnotic-opioid drug interaction.
Omalizumab markedly improves urticaria activity scores and quality of life scores in chronic spontaneous urticaria patients: A real life survey
Authors: BÜYÜKÖZTÜRK Suna , GELINCIK Aslı , DEMIRTÜRK Mustafa , KOCATURK Emek , ÇOLAKOĞLU Bahattin , DAL Murat 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTreatment of chronic urticaria consists of antihistamines as the first‐line treatment. For more severe symptoms, combinations can be necessary as well as dose augmentations. The recent guidelines suggest the possibility of using omalizumab in resistant cases, but this therapy is still investigational. We treated two patients with idiopathic recurrent angioedema and 12 patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) with omalizumab, who had not benefited from the recommended first‐line, second‐line and third‐line treatments. To evaluate the efficacy of the omalizumab treatment, urticaria activity scores (UAS) and chronic urticaria quality of life (CU‐Q2oL) scores were measured at baseline, and at the end of the first and sixth month of the therapy. The dosage and intervals of omalizumab therapy were determined according to the rules suggested for severe asthma treatment. CU‐Q2oL scores and UAS displayed significant improvements in all 14 patients. None of the patients reported any adverse effect during the treatment until the submission of this data. Our results show that omalizumab apparently improves CU‐Q2oL as well as UAS in treatment‐resistant CSU in a real life setting.
Amplified segment in the ‘Down Syndrome critical region’ on HSA21 shared between Down syndrome and euploid AML‐M0 excludes RUNX1, ERG and ETS2
Authors: Canzonetta Claudia , Hoischen Alexander , Giarin Emanuela , Basso Guiseppe , Veltman Joris A. , Nacheva Elisabeth , Nizetic Dean , Groet Jürgen 
Published: January 2012

SummaryChildren with Down syndrome have a 20‐ to 50‐fold increased risk of acute lymphocytic or myeloid leukaemia. Whole or partial gains of chromosome 21 have been described in multiple childhood leukaemias, and have recently been reported as a likely primary event in B‐precursor‐acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. It is unclear which amplified gene(s) on chromosome 21 play a key role in leukaemia progression. We describe a minimal amplified segment within the so‐called ‘Down syndrome critical region’ shared between two cases of AML‐M0; a Down syndrome, and a constitutionally normal individual. Interestingly, the amplified region does not include the oncogenes RUNX1, ETS2 and ERG.
Phylogeography and palaeodistribution modelling in the Patagonian steppe: the case of Mulinum spinosum (Apiaceae)
Authors: Sede Silvana M. , Nicola Marcela V. , Pozner Raúl , Johnson Leigh A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAim  An integrative study of the endemic, yet ubiquitous, Patagonian shrub Mulinum spinosum (Apiaceae) was performed: (1) to assess the historical processes that influenced its geographical pattern of genetic variation; (2) to test hypotheses of its survival in situ or in glacial refugia during glacial cycles; and (3) to model its extant and palaeoclimatic distributions to assess support for the phylogeographical patterns recovered.Location  Chilean and Argentinian Andean region and Patagonian steppe.Methods  Chloroplast DNA sequences, trnH–psbA, trnS–trnG and 3′trnV–ndhC, were obtained for 314 individuals of M. spinosum from 71 populations. The haplotype data matrix was analysed using nested clade analysis (NCA) to construct a network. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA) and neutrality tests were also used to test for genetic structure and range expansion in the species. The present potential geographical distribution of M. spinosum was modelled and projected onto a Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) model.Results  Amongst the 29 haplotypes observed, one was widely distributed, but most were restricted to either northern or southern regions. The populations with highest haplotype diversity were found in southern Patagonia, the high Andean region, and northern Patagonia. AMOVA and SAMOVA showed latitudinal structure for Argentinian populations. NCA implied patterns of restricted gene flow or dispersal but with some long‐distance dispersal and also long‐distance colonization and/or past fragmentation. Neutrality tests did not support range expansions. The current distribution model was a fairly good representation of the extant geographical distribution of the species, and the distribution model for the LGM did not show important shifts of the extant range to lower latitudes, except for a shift towards the palaeoseashore.Main conclusions  Based on agreement amongst phylogeographical patterns, distribution of genetic variability, equivocal evidence of putative refugia and palaeodistribution modelling, it is probable that glaciations did not greatly affect the distribution of Mulinum spinosum. Our results are consistent with the in situ survival hypothesis, and not with the latitudinal migration of plant communities to avoid adverse climate conditions during Pleistocene glaciations. It is possible that populations of northern Patagonia may have been isolated from the southern ones by the Chubut and Deseado basins.
Temporal and Spectral Analyses Reveal Individual Variation in a Non‐Vocal Acoustic Display: The Drumming Display of the Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus, L.)
Authors: Garcia Maxime , Charrier Isabelle , Rendall Drew , Iwaniuk Andrew N. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIndividual variation in vocalizations is a common feature of many forms of long‐distance communication in vertebrates. The extent to which individual variation occurs in non‐vocal, long‐distance acoustic communication has not, however, been tested. Here, we examine the spectral and temporal characteristics of a non‐vocal acoustic signal, the wing‐beating drumming display of the male Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus, L.), and test whether its structure varies more among individuals than within them. Drumming displays were recorded over two field seasons, and we measured several temporal and spectral features of these recordings. Each drumming display consists of 39–50 pulses produced over a period of 9–10 s with most of the energy concentrated at frequencies below 100 Hz. We calculated the potential for individual coding of several temporal and spectral features, and both the number of pulses and pulse rate were highly individually specific. This was corroborated by analyses of variance, bivariate plots of pulse number and rate, and discriminant function analyses. Overall, we conclude that male Ruffed Grouse produce individually specific drumming displays in a similar fashion to vocal individuality in other birds. The extent to which these individual differences persist from one season to the next is unclear, but individual differences in the number of pulses and pulse rate could provide information on individual identity to conspecifics.
Larval development of Empoasca vitis and Edwardsiana rosae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) at different temperatures on grapevine leaves
Authors: Reineke A. , Hauck M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe grape leafhopper Empoasca vitis (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) is regarded as a major insect pest in many European grapevine growing areas, with an increasing importance realized in recent years maybe as a result of climatic change. Both larvae and adults feed on the phloem vessels of the leaves, causing characteristic symptoms also referred to as hopperburn. Phenology of adult leafhoppers was monitored in one vineyard in three successive years and indicated that immigration of a few hibernated E. vitis individuals into vineyards might take place already quite early in the year depending on winter temperatures and starts to progress in substantial numbers right at grapevine bud burst. In addition, these monitoring studies have shown that there are several other leafhopper species occurring on grapevine plants besides E. vitis, such as the rose leafhopper Edwardsiana rosae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Here, we report on the development of larval instars of both leafhopper species, E. vitis and E. rosae on grapevine leaves under different temperature regimes in the laboratory. Shortest larval developmental time was observed at night temperatures of 13–15°C and day temperatures of 23–25°C, which was in agreement with predicted optimal temperatures for both species. At the temperature regime of 20°C night and 30°C day temperature, either no egg hatch was observed or early development of first‐instar larvae was not successful for both species. These results suggest that warm (18°C) nights and moderately warm (28°C) days are representing the upper thermal threshold for development of both E. vitis and E. rosae embryonic stages on grapevine leaves, questioning current assumptions of an increasing importance of E. vitis as a grapevine pest under future climate change.
Interspecific interactions under fertilization among Elymus nutans, Festuca sinensis and Festuca ovina on the eastern Qinghai‐Tibetan plateau
Authors: GU MENGHE , DONG SHIKUI , WANG TAO , XIE ZHONGKUI 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA field replacement experiment was used to study the interspecific interaction among three perennial grasses (Elymus nutans, Festuca sinensis and Festuca ovina) that are distributed widely on the east Qinghai‐Tibetan plateau. The experiment consisted of four different species mixtures at four seeding densities and two fertilizer levels. Above‐ground biomass, relative yield and complementary effect were determined from harvested shoot dry weights. The results showed that above‐ground biomass was greater in all species mixtures than in monocultures. The difference between the observed and expected relative yield was greater than zero in all mixtures for E. nutans and was greater than zero in the F. sinensis/F. ovina mixture, but was below zero in all other mixtures for F. sinensis, and was below zero in all mixtures for F. ovina. The complementary effect was more negative across all seeding densities except at a seeding density of 400 seeds/m2, and was negative across all mixtures except the F. sinensis/F. ovina mixture. In addition, fertilization had an insignificant impact on the relative yield, but a significant impact on the complementary effect. Fertilization enhanced negative interspecific interaction among the species.
Warming, CO2, and nitrogen deposition interactively affect a plant‐pollinator mutualism
Authors: Hoover Shelley E. R. , Ladley Jenny J. , Shchepetkina Anastasia A. , Tisch Maggie , Gieseg Steven P. , Tylianakis Jason M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEnvironmental changes threaten plant‐pollinator mutualisms and their critical ecosystem service. Drivers such as land use, invasions and climate change can affect pollinator diversity or species encounter rates. However, nitrogen deposition, climate warming and CO2 enrichment could interact to disrupt this crucial mutualism by altering plant chemistry in ways that alter floral attractiveness or even nutritional rewards for pollinators. Using a pumpkin model system, we show that these drivers non‐additively affect flower morphology, phenology, flower sex ratios and nectar chemistry (sugar and amino acids), thereby altering the attractiveness of nectar to bumble bee pollinators and reducing worker longevity. Alarmingly, bees were attracted to, and consumed more, nectar from a treatment that reduced their survival by 22%. Thus, three of the five major drivers of global environmental change have previously unknown interactive effects on plant‐pollinator mutualisms that could not be predicted from studies of individual drivers in isolation.
Effect of oxygen on the anaerobic methanotroph ‘Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera’: kinetic and transcriptional analysis
Authors: Luesken Francisca A. , Wu Ming L. , Op den Camp Huub J. M. , Keltjens Jan T. , Stunnenberg Henk , Francoijs Kees‐Jan , Strous Marc , Jetten Mike S. M. 
Published: January 2012

Summary‘Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera’ is a denitrifying methanotroph that performs nitrite‐dependent anaerobic methane oxidation through a newly discovered intra‐aerobic pathway. In this study, we investigated the response of a M. oxyfera enrichment culture to oxygen. Addition of either 2% or 8% oxygen resulted in an instant decrease of methane and nitrite conversion rates. Oxygen exposure also led to a deviation in the nitrite to methane oxidation stoichiometry. Oxygen‐uptake and inhibition studies with cell‐free extracts displayed a change from cytochrome c to quinol as electron donor after exposure to oxygen. The change in global gene expression was monitored by deep sequencing of cDNA using Illumina technology. After 24 h of oxygen exposure, transcription levels of 1109 (out of 2303) genes changed significantly when compared with the anoxic period. Most of the genes encoding enzymes of the methane oxidation pathway were constitutively expressed. Genes from the denitrification pathway, with exception of one of the putative nitric oxide reductases, norZ2, were severely downregulated. The majority of known genes involved in the vital cellular functions, such as nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis and cell division processes, were downregulated. The alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, ahpC, and genes involved in the synthesis/repair of the iron–sulfur clusters were among the few upregulated genes. Further, transcription of the pmoCAB genes of aerobic methanotrophs present in the non‐M. oxyfera community were triggered by the presence of oxygen. Our results show that oxygen‐exposed cells of M. oxyfera were under oxidative stress and that in spite of its oxygenic capacity, exposure to microoxic conditions has an overall detrimental effect.
Expression of androgen and oestrogen receptors and its prognostic significance in urothelial neoplasm of the urinary bladder
Authors: Miyamoto Hiroshi , Yao Jorge L. , Chaux Alcides , Zheng Yichun , Hsu Iawen , Izumi Koji , Chang Chawnshang , Messing Edward M. , Netto George J. , Yeh Shuyuan 
Published: January 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Steroid hormone receptor signals have been implicated in bladder tumourigenesis and tumour progression. The expression of androgen and/or oestrogen receptors has been assessed in bladder cancer, leading to conflicting data of expression levels and their relationship to histopathological characteristics of the tumours. We simultaneously analyze three receptors in non‐neoplastic bladder tissues as well as in primary and metastatic bladder tumour specimens. Our data demonstrate that the expression status correlates with tumour grades/stages and patients’ outcomes.OBJECTIVE
To assess the expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and oestrogen receptors (ERs) in bladder tumours because recent studies have shown conflicting results and the prognostic significance of their expression remains unclear.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We investigated the expression of AR, ERα and ERβ in 188 bladder tumour specimens, as well as matched 141 non‐neoplastic bladder and 14 lymph node metastasis tissues, by immunohistochemistry.
We then evaluated the relationships between their expression and the clinicopathological features available for the present patient cohort.
RESULTS
AR/ERα/ERβ was positive in 80%/50%/89% of benign urothelium, 50%/67%/41% of benign stroma, 42%/27%/49% of primary tumours and 71%/64%/71% of metastatic tumours.
Significantly lower expression of AR/ERα was found in high‐grade tumours (36%/23%) and tumours invading muscularis propria (33%/19%) compared to low‐grade tumours (55%; P= 0.0232/38%; P= 0.0483) and tumours not invading muscularis propria (51%; P= 0.0181/35%; P= 0.0139), respectively.
Significantly higher expression of ERβ was found in high‐grade tumours (58%) and tumours invading muscularis propria (67%) compared to low‐grade tumours (29%; P= 0.0002) and tumours not invading muscularis propria (34%; P < 0.0001), respectively.
Kaplan–Meier and log‐rank tests further showed that positivity of ERβ (but not AR or ERα) was associated with the recurrence of low‐grade tumours (P= 0.0072); the progression of low‐grade tumours (P= 0.0005), high‐grade tumours not invading muscularis propria (P= 0.0020) and tumours invading muscularis propria (P= 0.0010); or disease‐specific mortality in patients with tumours invading muscularis propria (P= 0.0073).
CONCLUSIONS
Compared to benign bladders, a significant decrease in the expression of AR, ERα or ERβ in bladder cancer was seen.
Loss of AR or ERα was strongly associated with higher grade/more invasive tumours, whereas ERβ expression was increased in high‐grade/invasive tumours and predicted a worse prognosis.
DELIBERATIVE MONETARY VALUATION: IN SEARCH OF A DEMOCRATIC AND VALUE PLURAL APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
Authors: Lo Alex Y. , Spash Clive L. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe use of deliberative methods to assess environmental values in monetary terms has been motivated by the potential for small group discussion to help with preference formation and the inclusion of non‐economic values. In this review, two broad approaches are identified: preference economisation and preference moralisation. The former is analytical, concentrates upon issues of poor respondent cognition and produces a narrow conception of value linked to utilitarianism. The latter emphasises political legitimacy, appeals to community values and tends to privilege arguments made in the public interest. Both approaches are shown to embrace forms of value convergence, which undermine the prospects for value pluralism. As a result exclusion and predefinition of values dominates current practice. In order to maintain democratic credentials, the importance attributed to monetary value needs to be left as an open question to be addressed as part of a process determining an “agreement to pay”. To this end we identify a discourse‐based approach as a third way consistent with the democratic and value plural potential of deliberative monetary valuation.
Justice Sensitivity and Forgiveness in Close Interpersonal Relationships: The Mediating Role of Mistrustful, Legitimizing, and Pro‐Relationship Cognitions
Authors: Gerlach Tanja M. , Allemand Mathias , Agroskin Dmitrij , Denissen Jaap J. A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe purpose of the present investigation was to explore and better understand the relationship between justice sensitivity from a victim's perspective (JS‐victim) and interpersonal forgiveness. In particular, we aimed to identify the cognitive mechanisms mediating this relationship and test the moderating influence of post‐transgression perpetrator behavior. We used data from a questionnaire study employing a Swiss community sample (N = 450) and 2 scenario‐based studies employing German online samples, in the context of romantic (N = 242) and friendship relationships (N = 974). We consistently found JS‐victim to be negatively related to dispositional (Study 1) and situational forgiveness (Studies 2 and 3). Study 2 demonstrated the relationship between JS‐victim and reduced forgiveness to be partly mediated by mistrustful interpretations of the partner's post‐transgression behavior. In Study 3, cognitions legitimizing one's own antisocial reactions and a lack of pro‐relationship cognitions were identified as further mediators. These variables mediated the negative effect of JS‐victim on forgiveness largely independent of whether the friend perpetrator displayed reconciliatory behavior or not. Findings suggest that the cognitive mechanisms mediating victim‐sensitive individuals' unforgiveness could barely be neutralized. Future research should investigate their malleability in light of qualitatively different perpetrator behaviors as well as their broader relational implications.
How Are Personality Judgments Made? A Cognitive Model of Reference Group Effects, Personality Scale Responses, and Behavioral Reactions
Authors: Wood Alex M. , Brown Gordon D. A. , Maltby John , Watkinson Pat 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis article suggests that personality judgments are wholly relative, being the outcome of a comparison of a given individual to a reference group of others. The underlying comparison processes are the same as those used to judge psychophysical stimuli (as outlined by range frequency theory and decision by sampling accounts). Five experimental studies show that the same person's personality is rated differently depending on how his or her behavior (a) ranks within a reference group and (b) falls within the overall range of behavior shown by other reference group members. Results were invariant across stimulus type and response options (7‐point Likert scale, 990‐point allocation task, or dichotomous choice). Simulated occupational scenarios led participants to give different‐sized bonuses and employ different people as a function of context. Future research should note that personality judgments (as in self‐report personality scales) only represent perceived standing relative to others or alternatively should measure personality through behavior or biological reactivity. Personality judgments cannot be used to compare different populations when the population participants have different reference groups (as in cross‐cultural research).