bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of acute kidney injury in patients with acute ischaemic stroke undergoing CT angiography (CTA) and CT perfusion (CTP): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kamran Alishba , Paryani Neha Saleem , Suri Noor Fatima , Khan Javeria , Amir Fahad , Mehmood Marium , Lashkerwala Sehan Siraj , Hayat Javeria , Marsia Shayan 
Published: April 2024

Background and purposeWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing CT angiography (CTA) and CT perfusion (CTP) for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Concerns over contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) often lead medical centres to mandate pre-imaging serum creatinine level assessments, causing unnecessary delays. We aim to confirm further the practice of conducting CTA/CTP without first testing creatinine.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane Central and Scopus from inception until March 2023 for studies reporting on AKI in patients with AIS receiving CTA/CTP. Outcomes of interest were (1) the odds of AKI in patients receiving CTA/CTP versus non-contrast CT and (2) the overall incidence of AKI and haemodialysis in patients with AIS undergoing CTA/CTP.ResultsResults were pooled using a random effects model. 13 studies were included (5 cohort and 8 single-arm studies) with 5104 patients in total, out of which 4347 patients received CTA/CTP and 757 patients received no contrast. In case–control studies, 4.8% (OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.22, Z=1.32, p=0.19) of patients who received CTA/CTP developed AKI, compared with 7.7% of patients in the control group. Temporary haemodialysis was required for two patients in the analysed studies.ConclusionsNon-randomised evidence suggests that CTA/CTP is not associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of AKI in patients with stroke. Further well-designed prospective studies are required to explore potential risk factors of CIN in specific patient populations such as diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.
TeamSTEPPS improves patient safety
Authors: Shi Yu , Miao Shijian , Fu Yang , Sun Chengjun , Wang Hongsheng , Zhai Xiaowen 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundExamine how Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) can be used to manage patient safety and improve the standard of care for patients.MethodsIn order to improve key medical training in areas like surgical safety management, blood transfusion closed-loop management, drug safety management and identity recognition, we apply the TeamSTEPPS teaching methodology. We then examine the effects of this implementation on changes in pertinent indicators.ResultsOur hospital’s perioperative death rate dropped to 0.019%, unscheduled reoperations dropped to 0.11%, and defined daily doses fell to 24.85. Antibiotic usage among hospitalised patients declined to 40.59%, while the percentage of antibacterial medicine prescriptions for outpatient patients decreased to 13.26%. Identity recognition requirements were implemented at a rate of 94.5%, and the low-risk group’s death rate dropped to 0.01%. Critical transfusion episodes were less common, with an incidence of 0.01%. The physician’s TeamSTEPPS Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire and Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire scores dramatically improved following the TeamSTEPPS team instruction course.ConclusionAn evidence-based team collaboration training programme called TeamSTEPPS combines clinical practice with team collaboration skills to enhance team performance in the healthcare industry and raise standards for medical quality, safety, and effectiveness.
Optimal timing for the Modified Early Warning Score for prediction of short-term critical illness in the acute care chain: a prospective observational study
Authors: Veldhuis Lars Ingmar , Kuit Merijn , Karim Liza , Ridderikhof Milan L , Nanayakkara Prabath WB , Ludikhuize Jeroen 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThe Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) is an effective tool to identify patients in the acute care chain who are likely to deteriorate. Although it is increasingly being implemented in the ED, the optimal moment to use the MEWS is unknown. This study aimed to determine at what moment in the acute care chain MEWS has the highest accuracy in predicting critical illness.MethodsAdult patients brought by ambulance to the ED at both locations of the Amsterdam UMC, a level 1 trauma centre, were prospectively included between 11 March and 28 October 2021. MEWS was calculated using vital parameters measured prehospital, at ED presentation, 1 hour and 3 hours thereafter, imputing for missing temperature and/or consciousness, as these values were expected not to deviate. Critical illness was defined as requiring intensive care unit admission, myocardial infarction or death within 72 hours after ED presentation. Accuracy in predicting critical illness was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC).ResultsOf the 790 included patients, critical illness occurred in 90 (11.4%). MEWS based on vital parameters at ED presentation had the highest performance in predicting critical illness with an AUROC of 0.73 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.79) but did not significantly differ compared with other moments. Patients with an increasing MEWS over time are significantly more likely to become critical ill compared with patients with an improving MEWS.ConclusionThe performance of MEWS is moderate in predicting critical illness using vital parameters measured surrounding ED admission. However, an increase of MEWS during ED admission is correlated with the development of critical illness. Therefore, early recognition of deteriorating patients at the ED may be achieved by frequent MEWS calculation. Further studies should investigate the effect of continuous monitoring of these patients at the ED.
Thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized trauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of implementation strategies
Authors: Ratnasekera Asanthi , Seng Sirivan S , Ciarmella Marina , Gallagher Alexandria , Poirier Kelly , Harding Eric Shea , Haut Elliott R , Geerts William , Murphy Patrick 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionVenous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis implementation strategies are well-studied in some hospitalized medical and surgical patients. Although VTE is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity in trauma patients, implementation strategies for the prevention of VTE in trauma appear to be based on limited evidence. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature on active implementation strategies for VTE prophylaxis administration in hospitalized trauma patients and the impact on VTE events.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in adult hospitalized trauma patients to assess if active VTE prevention implementation strategies change the proportion of patients who received VTE prophylaxis, VTE events, and adverse effects such as bleeding or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia as well as hospital length of stay and the cost of care. An academic medical librarian searched Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science until December 2022.ResultsFour studies with a total of 1723 patients in the active implementation strategy group (strategies included education, reminders, human and computer alerts, audit and feedback, preprinted orders, and/or root cause analysis) and 1324 in the no active implementation strategy group (guideline creation and dissemination) were included in the analysis. A higher proportion of patients received VTE prophylaxis with an active implementation strategy (OR=2.94, 95% CI (1.68 to 5.15), p<0.01). No significant difference was found in VTE events. Quality was deemed to be low due to bias and inconsistency of studies.ConclusionsActive implementation strategies appeared to improve the proportion of major trauma patients who received VTE prophylaxis. Further implementation studies are needed in trauma to determine effective, sustainable strategies for VTE prevention and to assess secondary outcomes such as bleeding and costs.Level of evidenceSystematic review/meta-analysis, level III.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023390538.
Three helmet-orchid species share abundant fungi of Serendipitaceae regardless of altitude
Authors: Qin Jiao , Han Zhou-Dong , Wu You , Wang Hong , Zhang Shi-Bao 
Published: April 2024

The tiny terrestrial orchids (plant height less than 8 cm) in the genus Corybas dependent on mycorrhizal fungal (OMF) partners for seed germination and seedling development. The OMF community of the Corybas remains poorly understood, although the relevant knowledge is very important for in situ and ex situ conservation of these orchids. In this study, we characterized OMF richness and compositions of three helmet-orchid species, i.e., Corybas geminigibbus, C. himalaicus, and C. shanlinshiensis, from their natural habitats by using Illumina sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 region. We found that fungal colonization was restricted in the rhizomes of the helmet-orchids instead of their tuberoids, and serendipitoid fungi were predominant, while tulasnelloid were absent in the three investigated Corybas species regardless of their altitude. The three Corybas species shared 27 serendipitoid operational taxonomic units that are different to those of their related orchids, the genera of Cyrtostylis and Stigmatodactylus. Corybas shanlinshiensis alone had a range of ectomycorrhizal fungi (mainly russuloid and thelephoroid) broader than C. himalaicus and C. geminigibbus. Our study provides new information about terrestrial orchid–fungi associations and may further contribute to orchid conservation.
Precision nuclear physics experiments and theory
Authors: Blaum K. , Borge M. J. G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe advances in technology mainly concerning ion traps, storage rings, lasers, high-precision frequency measurements, detectors, and particle beams as well as advances in atom and ion manipulation have allowed for a considerable progress in the determination of fundamental parameters and quantities of radionuclides such as masses, electromagnetic moments, lifetimes and beta decay correlations. The main subjects covered by this topical collection are: high-precision mass measurements both with Penning traps and storage rings for neutrino physics, nuclear structure, astrophysics, and decay studies. Laser spectroscopy is applied for the determination of other ground state properties like spins, moments, and nuclear charge radii. Furthermore, results from decay studies of highly charged ions and reactions in storage rings are presented.
Electromagnetic field and chaotic charged-particle motion around hairy black holes in Horndeski gravity
Authors: Cao Wenfu , Wu Xin , Lyu Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Wald vector potential is an exact solution of the source-less Maxwell equations regarding an electromagnetic field of a vacuum uncharged black hole like the Kerr background black hole in an asymptotically uniform magnetic field. However, it is not if the black hole is a nonvacuum solution in a theory of modified gravity with extra fields or a charged Kerr–Newman spacetime. To satisfy the source-less Maxwell equations in this case, the Wald vector potential must be modified and generalized appropriately. Following this idea, we derive an expression for the vector potential of an electromagnetic field surrounding a hairy black hole in the Horndeski modified gravity theory. Explicit symplectic integrators with excellent long-term behaviour are used to simulate the motion of charged particles around the hairy black hole immersed in the external magnetic field. The recurrence plot method based on the recurrence quantification analysis uses diagonal structures parallel to the main diagonal to show regular dynamics, but adopts no diagonal structures to indicate chaotic dynamics. The method is efficient to detect chaos from order in the curved spacetime, as the Poincaré map and the fast Lyapunov indicator are.
Shape stability of a microbubble in a power–law liquid
Authors: Kaykanat S. Ilke , Uguz Kerem 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe onset of non-spherical oscillations of a microbubble in an unbounded power–law liquid, important for biomedical ultrasound applications, is studied. Two sets of evolution equations are obtained from the equation of motion: a Rayleigh Plesset-type equation for the spherical oscillations and an equation for the non-spherical oscillations. The non-spherical oscillations are modeled using the perturbation method via the Legendre polynomials. Two kinds of instabilities, namely parametric and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities, are investigated. A higher power–law index causes the damping of the oscillations for both spherical and non-spherical oscillations. The power–law index damping effect depends on the ultrasonic drive frequency. At natural frequency, the amplitude of the perturbations is high compared to the non-resonant cases. At a low consistency index, the damping effect of the power–law index decreases. Unlike Newtonian liquids, the viscosity of power–law liquids is affected by the frequency of the acoustic field, thereby affecting Rayleigh-Taylor instability.
Searching for lepton flavor violation with the CMS experiment
Authors: Wang Jian 
Published: April 2024

Searches for Lepton Flavor Violation (LFV) stand at the forefront of experimental particle physics research, offering a sensitive probe to many scenarios of physics beyond the Standard Model. The high proton–proton collision energy and luminosity provided by the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the excellent CMS detector performance allow for an extensive program of LFV searches. This paper reviews a broad range of LFV searches conducted at the CMS experiment using data collected in LHC Run 2, including [Formula: see text] decays, Higgs boson decays, and top quark production and decays. In each analysis, the online and offline event selections, signal modeling, background suppression and estimation, and statistical interpretation are elucidated. These searches involve various final state particles in a large transverse momentum range, showcasing the capability of the CMS experiment in exploring fundamental questions in particle physics.
A synthetic chronostratigraphy for the upper Campanian–Maastrichtian of the Boreal Realm based on the Danish and German basins
Authors: Thibault Nicolas , Sheldon Emma , Morigi Caterina , Lauridsen Bodil W. , Springer Emilie G. , Schovsbo Niels H. , Korte Christoph , Stemmerik Lars , Surlyk Finn 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
New carbon isotope results obtained from cores from the Fehmarn Belt (German Basin), along with hitherto unpublished detailed results obtained from brachiopods collected in the 1970s from the Hemmoor section, NW Germany, present the opportunity to revise the holostratigraphy of the Danish Basin and erect a complete chronostratigraphical scheme for the upper Campanian–Maastrichtian of the Boreal Realm based on records from the Danish and North German basins. The correlation of all studied sections is ensured by previously erected high-resolution bulk carbonate carbon isotope records. A number of issues arising from the standard Upper Cretaceous (UC) calcareous nannofossil biozonation scheme for the Boreal Realm are discussed and lead us to propose a new subzonation for the Danish Basin. Carbon isotope records allow correlation to Gubbio, Italy, the Tethyan bio-magnetostratigraphic reference, and to the astronomically calibrated ODP site 762C, Indian Ocean. Revised correlations ensure the application of magnetostratigraphy, a numeric timescale and stacking of 405 kyr cycles to the new scheme, thus erecting a detailed chronostratigraphy for the upper Campanian–Maaatrichtian of the Boreal Realm.
Endometrioid Endometrial RNA Index Predicts Recurrence in Stage I Patients
Authors: Nief Corrine A. , Hammer Phoebe M. , Wang Aihui , Charu Vivek , Tanweer Amina , Litkouhi Babak , Kidd Elizabeth , Gentles Andrew J. , Howitt Brooke E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Risk prediction with genomic and transcriptomic data has the potential to improve patient outcomes by enabling clinicians to identify patients requiring adjuvant treatment approaches, while sparing low-risk patients from unnecessary interventions. Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) is the most common cancer in women in developed countries, and rates of endometrial cancer are increasing.

Experimental Design:
We collected a 105-patient case-control cohort of stage I EEC comprising 45 patients who experienced recurrence less than 6 years after excision, and 60 Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique grade-matched controls without recurrence. We first utilized two RNA-based, previously validated machine learning approaches, namely, EcoTyper and Complexity Index in Sarcoma (CINSARC). We developed Endometrioid Endometrial RNA Index (EERI), which uses RNA expression data from 46 genes to generate a personalized risk score for each patient. EERI was trained on our 105-patient cohort and tested on a publicly available cohort of 263 patients with stage I EEC.

Results:
EERI was able to predict recurrences with 94% accuracy in the training set and 81% accuracy in the test set. In the test set, patients assigned as EERI high-risk were significantly more likely to experience recurrence (30%) than the EERI low-risk group (1%) with a hazard ratio of 9.9 (95% CI, 4.1–23.8; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions:
Tumors with high-risk genetic features may require additional treatment or closer monitoring and are not readily identified using traditional clinicopathologic and molecular features. EERI performs with high sensitivity and modest specificity, which may benefit from further optimization and validation in larger independent cohorts.
Cell-Free Human Papillomavirus DNA Is a Sensitive Biomarker for Prognosis and for Early Detection of Relapse in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Authors: Sivars Lars , Jylhä Cecilia , Crona Guterstam Ylva , Zupancic Mark , Lindqvist Britta , Nordenskjöld Magnus , Tham Emma , Hellman Kristina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the cause of the majority of cervical cancer cases and has been showed to be released as cell-free tumor DNA (ctHPV DNA) into the circulation. Here, we analyze if ctHPV DNA could be used as a prognostic biomarker and/or to detect relapse earlier than traditional methods in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).
Experimental Design: A total of 74 patients with LACC were included; 66of 74 were positive for 13 high-risk HPV types on a bead-based assay of tumor biopsy samples. HPV-type–specific droplet digital PCR assays were developed. Longitudinal plasma samples were then analyzed for the biopsy-verified HPV type for each patient. In total, 418 plasma samples were analyzed. Patients were followed for a median of 37 months. Results were correlated to tumor and clinical characteristics.
Results: Of the pretreatment plasma samples, 92.4% were positive for ctHPV DNA. Persistent ctHPV DNA in end-of-treatment, early follow-up (1–2 months after end-of-treatment), or tumor evaluation (3–4 months after end-of-treatment) plasma was correlated with worse progression-free survival (P &lt; 0.001) compared with if ctHPV DNA was not found. The positive predictive value of ctHPV status at early follow-up for predicting disease progression was 87.5%, and the negative predictive value was 89.3%. ctHPV DNA was found in plasma before relapse was diagnosed using radiology in all patients (n = 10) who experienced relapse after complete clinical response to treatment with a median 315 days lead time.
Conclusions: ctHPV DNA in follow-up plasma is a promising prognostic biomarker in patients with LACC, useful for analysis of response to therapy and for early detection of relapse.
Association of Use and Dose of Lipid-Lowering Therapy Post Acute Myocardial Infarction With 5-Year Survival in Older Adults
Authors: Fayol Antoine , Schiele François , Ferrières Jean , Puymirat Etienne , Bataille Vincent , Tea Victoria , Chamandi Chekrallah , Albert Franck , Lemesle Gilles , Cayla Guillaume , Weizman Orianne , Simon Tabassome , Danchin Nicolas ,   on behalf of the FAST-MI Investigators
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Older people are underrepresented in randomized trials. The association between lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) and its intensity after acute myocardial infarction and long-term mortality in this population deserves to be assessed.

METHODS:
The FAST-MI (French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation or Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) program consists of nationwide French surveys including all patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction ≤48 hours from onset over a 1- to 2-month period in 2005, 2010, and 2015, with long-term follow-up. Numerous data were collected and a centralized 10-year follow-up was organized. The present analysis focused on the association between prescription of LLT (atorvastatin ≥40 mg or equivalent, or any combination of statin and ezetimibe) and 5-year mortality in patients aged ≥80 years discharged alive. Cox multivariable analysis and propensity score matching were used to adjust for baseline differences.

RESULTS:
Among the 2258 patients aged ≥80 years (mean age, 85±4 years; 51% women; 39% ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; 58% with percutaneous coronary intervention), 415 were discharged without LLT (18%), 866 with conventional doses (38%), and 977 with high-dose LLT (43%). Five-year survival was 36%, 47.5%, and 58%, respectively. Compared with patients without LLT, high-dose LLT was significantly associated with lower 5-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66–0.92]), whereas conventional-intensity LLT was not (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.80–1.09]). In propensity score-matched cohorts (n=278 receiving high-intensity LLT and n=278 receiving no statins), 5-year survival was 52% with high-intensity LLT at discharge and 42% without statins (hazard ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.62–0.98]).

CONCLUSIONS:
In these observational cohorts, high-intensity LLT at discharge after acute myocardial infarction was associated with reduced all-cause mortality at 5 years in an older adult population. These results suggest that high-intensity LLT should not be denied to patients on the basis of old age.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT00673036, NCT01237418, and NCT02566200.