bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen and potassium limit fine root growth in a humid Afrotropical forest
Authors: Manu Raphael , Veldkamp Edzo , Eryenyu David , Corre Marife D. , van Straaten Oliver 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNutrient limitations play a key regulatory role in plant growth, thereby affecting ecosystem productivity and carbon uptake. Experimental observations identifying the most limiting nutrients are lacking, particularly in Afrotropical forests. We conducted an ecosystem-scale, full factorial nitrogen (N)-phosphorus (P)-potassium (K) addition experiment consisting 32 40 × 40 m plots (eight treatments × four replicates) in Uganda to investigate which (if any) nutrient limits fine root growth. After two years of observations, added N rapidly decreased fine root biomass by up to 36% in the first and second years of the experiment. Added K decreased fine root biomass by 27% and fine root production by 30% in the second year. These rapid reductions in fine root growth highlight a scaled-back carbon investment in the costly maintenance of large fine root network as N and K limitations become alleviated. No fine root growth response to P addition was observed. Fine root turnover rate was not significantly affected by nutrient additions but tended to be higher in N added than non-N added treatments. These results suggest that N and K availability may restrict the ecosystem’s capacity for CO2 assimilation, with implications for ecosystem productivity and resilience to climate change.
Longitudinal study on the change trend of serum alkaline phosphatase and its possible influencing factors in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zhang Sen , Zhao Hai-dan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study was to analyze the change trend of serum ALP over time and identify factors influencing its levels in peritoneal dialysis patients. Then to investigate the impact of serum ALP changes on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in single peritoneal dialysis center utilizing repeated measurement data. A retrospective cohort study was conducted with a total follow-up duration of 30 months. Serum ALP and other biomarkers, including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), 25(OH)D, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), albumin(ALB), and hemoglobin(Hb) were measured every 3 months. The generalized estimation equation (GEE) was utilized to analyze the change trend of serum ALP over time, and to assess whether there were differences in changes over time between different genders and different primary disease groups. Additionally, factors influencing serum ALP levels were analyzed, and the impact of serum ALP changes on calcium and phosphorus metabolism was also explored. A total of 34 patients were included in the study. Serum ALP and other indicators were measured repeatedly, with a maximum of 8 times and a minimum of 4 times. The median of serum ALP values at all measurement times for all selected patients was 89 U/L. The GEE analysis revealed that serum ALP gradually increased with time, and patients in diabetes group increased faster than those in non-diabetes group. A positive correlation was observed between serum ALP and dialysis duration, also between serum ALP and hemoglobin. However, variations in serum ALP did not significantly affect serum corrected calcium, phosphorus, or iPTH concentrations. The serum ALP levels of peritoneal dialysis patients increase gradually over time, and the concentrations are influenced by dialysis duration. The changes in serum ALP values do not have a significant impact on serum calcium, phosphorus, and iPTH levels.
Possibility of persistent current in S-states
Authors: Yadav Chanchal , Dahiya Brijender , Prasad Vinod 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the profound impact of the Pöschl–Teller double-ring-shaped Coulomb (PTDRSC) potential to induce persistent currents within the S-states of the hydrogenic atom. The confinement of the system is achieved through an impenetrable spherical boundary. Leveraging first-order perturbation theory, we quantify the charge current across various states induced by the PTDRSC potential with its inherent angular and azimuthal dependence, leading to angular and azimuthal distortion, respectively. Notably, persistent currents are observed within S-states without external excitation mechanisms. The magnitude of the induced current is intricately linked to the strength of the PTDRSC potential parameters. These results underscore the prospect of manipulating persistent currents and their associated induced magnetic fields within S-states by tailoring the potential strength and confining boundary size. This discovery presents a compelling avenue for the controlled generation and experimental verification of induced S-state magnetism, opening new possibilities for innovative applications.
Subclinical vascular, hemodynamic and arterial stiffness changes in adults with cystic fibrosis: cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Pessoa Bruno Porto , Velloso Marcelo , Inácio Érika Pereira , Otoni Claudineia de Oliveira , de Fuccio Marcelo Bicallho , Rezende Bruno Almeida , Rodrigues-Machado Maria Glória 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCardiovascular diseases can be an emerging complication in cystic fibrosis (CF), as the median life expectancy has improved considerably. The objective of this study was to compare vascular, hemodynamic parameters and arterial stiffness in adult CF patients with healthy participants pared by sex and age, and to assess the factors associated with arterial stiffness in the CF group. This is a cross-sectional observational study. The evaluation of cardiovascular parameters was performed non-invasively using Mobil-O-Graph. 36 individuals with CF and 35 controls were evaluated. The mean arterial pressure (96.71 ± 10.98 versus 88.61 ± 7.40 mmHg, p = 0.0005), cardiac output (4.86 ± 0.57 versus 4.48 ± 0.44 L/min, p = 0.002) and systolic volume (64.30 ± 11.91 versus 49.02 ± 9.31 ml, p < 0.0001) were significantly lower in the CF group. The heart rate was higher in the CF when compared to the control (77.18 ± 10.47 versus 93.56 ± 14.57 bpm, p < 0.0001). The augmentation index (AIx@75) was higher in the CF than control (29.94 ± 9.37 versus 16.52 ± 7.179%, p < 0.0001). In the multivariate model controlled by body mass index and Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second, central systolic blood pressure and reflection coefficient directly related to AIx@75. Negatively related to AIx@75 were age and systolic volume. The adjusted determination coefficient was 87.40%. Individuals with CF presented lower arterial blood pressures and changes in cardiac function with lower stroke volume and cardiac output. The AIx@75, an indirect index of arterial stiffness and direct index of left ventricular overload, is increased in this population. The subclinical findings suggest the need for earlier cardiovascular assessment in this population due to increased risks of cardiovascular disease.
Coupled InVEST–MGWR modeling to analyze the impacts of changing landscape patterns on habitat quality in the Fen River basin
Authors: Wu Juemei , Hou Yanjun , Cui Zheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study employed remote sensing images of the Fen River Basin from 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 as the primary data source. The software ENVI, ArcGIS, and Fragstats 4.2 were utilized to measure the landscape pattern index of the Fen River Basin. A collinearity test was conducted to remove any redundant landscape pattern indices. Based on the selected landscape indices, the landscape pattern index values were ascertained as follows. Using the shifting window method, the landscape pattern index of the Fen River Basin was obtained. Second, the habitat quality in the Fen River Basin was assessed using the InVEST model, and the spatial autocorrelation approach was employed to confirm that the habitat quality was spatially autocorrelated. Finally, the spatial impacts of landscape pattern indices on habitat quality were examined using the MGWR model. The results show that (1) the Fen River Basin's overall habitat quality declined between 2005 and 2020; however, the deterioration slowed with time and had a typical "poor in the middle and high around the margins" spatial distribution. The habitat quality of the low-value area continued to increase, the habitat quality of the lower-value area decreased annually, the habitat quality of the middle-value area decreased and then increased, the habitat quality of the higher-quality area tended to increase, decrease, and then increase again, and the habitat quality of the high-quality area decreased annually. (2) The fit of the MGWR model was greater than those of the OLS and traditional GWR models, and it was able to more clearly illustrate the various roles that landscape pattern indices and habitat quality play in one another. (3) Changes in landscape patterns had a major impact on habitat quality; habitat quality was positively impacted by PD and AI, negatively impacted by MESH, and had positive and negative bidirectional effects from CONTAG and AI.
Transient spray combustion characteristics in a gas–liquid pintle rocket engine under acoustic excitation
Authors: Jin Xuan , Zhu Chao , Chen Dejiang , Zhang Zhongpei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn order to investigate the acoustic oscillation characteristics of gas–liquid pintle rocket engines and elucidate the path by which spray combustion process provides energy to the combustor pressure oscillation, a LOX/GCH4 pintle engine with rectangular combustor was designed. By adding transverse velocity disturbance for the first time, the acoustic response of spray combustion process was simulated, and the effect of excitation amplitude on acoustic response was researched. Numerical results show that the adopted transverse velocity disturbance can excite the first-order transverse acoustic oscillation with same excitation frequency in the engine combustor. The acoustic response maintenance mechanism under extrinsic excitation is summarized for pintle engines. Besides, the temperature distribution inside the engine combustor tends to be uniform, and the low-frequency oscillation caused by the flame transverse swing gradually disappears. The amplitude of combustor pressure oscillation is dominated by excitement amplitude and phase difference between the pressure and heat release in combustion reaction region. In addition, the time-averaged combustor pressure can be amplified mainly by transverse velocity disturbance. The research work can provide a reference for related fire tests on the acoustic response of a subscale gas–liquid pintle engine.
Rethinking digitalization and climate: don’t predict, mitigate
Authors: Gritsenko Daria , Aaen Jon , Flyvbjerg Bent 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDigitalization is a core component of the green transition. Today’s focus is on quantifying and predicting the climate effects of digitalization through various life-cycle assessments and baseline scenario methodologies. Here we argue that this is a mistake. Most attempts at prediction are based on three implicit assumptions: (a) the digital carbon footprint can be quantified, (b) business-as-usual with episodic change leading to a new era of stability, and (c) investments in digitalization will be delivered within the cost, timeframe, and benefits described in their business cases. We problematize each assumption within the context of digitalization and argue that the digital carbon footprint is inherently unpredictable. We build on uncertainty literature to show that even if you cannot predict, you can still mitigate. On that basis, we propose to rethink practice on the digital carbon footprint from prediction to mitigation.
Deep mutational scanning quantifies DNA binding and predicts clinical outcomes of PAX6 variants
Authors: McDonnell Alexander F , Plech Marcin , Livesey Benjamin J , Gerasimavicius Lukas , Owen Liusaidh J , Hall Hildegard Nikki , FitzPatrick David R , Marsh Joseph A , Kudla Grzegorz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNonsense and missense mutations in the transcription factor PAX6 cause a wide range of eye development defects, including aniridia, microphthalmia and coloboma. To understand how changes of PAX6:DNA binding cause these phenotypes, we combined saturation mutagenesis of the paired domain of PAX6 with a yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay in which expression of a PAX6-GAL4 fusion gene drives antibiotic resistance. We quantified binding of more than 2700 single amino-acid variants to two DNA sequence elements. Mutations in DNA-facing residues of the N-terminal subdomain and linker region were most detrimental, as were mutations to prolines and to negatively charged residues. Many variants caused sequence-specific molecular gain-of-function effects, including variants in position 71 that increased binding to the LE9 enhancer but decreased binding to a SELEX-derived binding site. In the absence of antibiotic selection, variants that retained DNA binding slowed yeast growth, likely because such variants perturbed the yeast transcriptome. Benchmarking against known patient variants and applying ACMG/AMP guidelines to variant classification, we obtained supporting-to-moderate evidence that 977 variants are likely pathogenic and 1306 are likely benign. Our analysis shows that most pathogenic mutations in the paired domain of PAX6 can be explained simply by the effects of these mutations on PAX6:DNA association, and establishes Y1H as a generalisable assay for the interpretation of variant effects in transcription factors.
Student Reflections on Roles Related to Augmentative and Alternative Communication and Perceived Preparedness for Practice
Authors: Sauerwein Allison M. , Buente Olivia A. , Pitt Kevin , Weissling Kristy S. E. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
Although the scholarship of teaching and learning literature in the area of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) continues to grow, there is a need for research focused on preservice speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') preparedness for practice and the roles related to AAC they will assume as professionals. The purpose of this study was to explore students' perceptions of learning outcomes and perceived preparedness for roles related to AAC service provision.

Method:
Forty master's level speech-language pathology students enrolled in two graduate-level AAC courses read about, discussed, and reflected on roles related to AAC at the beginning and end of the course. A mixed-methods approach was used to analyze and compare participants' (a) perceived level of preparedness, self-rated using a Likert scale; (b) reflections on preparedness at the beginning and end of the course; (c) learning priorities at the beginning of the course; and (d) perceptions of learning outcomes at the end of the course.

Results:
Overall, participants' perceived preparedness improved from the beginning to the end of the course for all roles. Improvements in ratings for the roles of general practice SLP, AAC finder, AAC facilitator/communication partner, and AAC clinical specialist were statistically significant. The data revealed what and how students wanted to learn and the impact of course learning activities on their professional identity development, particularly related to the roles they envision taking on as practicing professionals.

Conclusions:
The findings have direct implications for teaching and learning in AAC coursework and advancing preservice education in the area of AAC. This study adds to the literature by describing a low-stakes, efficient reflection task that has the potential to impact professional identity development among students and perhaps practitioners as well.
Adaptive DFL‐based straggler mitigation mechanism for synchronous ring topology in digital twin networks
Authors: Waqas Khan Qazi , Park Chan‐Won , Ahmad Rashid , Rizwan Atif , Khan Anam Nawaz , Lim Sunhwan , Kim Do Hyeun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDecentralised federated learning (DFL) transforms collaborative energy consumption prediction using distributed computation across a large network of edge nodes, ensuring data confidentiality by eliminating central data aggregation. Preserving individual privacy in energy forecasting is paramount, as it safeguards personal data from unauthorised examination. This highlights the importance of effectively handling local data to provide privacy protection. The authors proposed a DFL framework for residential energy forecasting, focusing on improving the performance and convergence of the collaborative model. The proposed framework enables local training of the long short‐term memory model with real‐time household energy data in a ring topology. Importantly, the framework addresses the issue of straggler nodes, nodes that lag in computation or communication, by proposing a heuristic straggler identification and mitigation mechanism to reduce their negative impact on overall system performance and communication efficiency. This approach improves collaborative energy prediction performance and ensures an overall reduction in waiting time, thus improving the convergence performance. Experimental results consistently demonstrate a low mean absolute error ranging from 3 to 3.2 across all edge nodes. The empirical findings unequivocally illustrate the efficiency of the proposed DFL architecture, highlighting its ability to improve communication efficiency and concurrently enhance performance.
Common criteria for security evaluation and malicious intrusion detection mechanism of dam supervisory control and data acquisition system
Authors: Lu Kuan‐Chu , Liu I‐Hsien , Liu Zong‐Chao , Li Jung‐Shian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSupervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are vital in monitoring and controlling industrial processes through the web. However, while such systems result in lower costs, greater utilisation efficiency, and improved reliability, they are vulnerable to cyberattacks, with consequences ranging from the inconvenience and minor disruption to severe physical damage and even loss of life. The authors evaluate the security of the Dam system in the form of Common Criteria, develop safety goals to improve this safety, and focus on threats and risks to the dam SCADA system. Finally proposes an anomaly‐based machine‐learning framework for detecting malicious network attacks in the SCADA system of a dam. Three unsupervised classification algorithms are considered: hierarchical clustering, local outlier factor, and isolation forest. It is shown that the hierarchical clustering algorithm achieves the highest precision and F‐score of the three algorithms. Overall, the results confirm the effectiveness of anomaly‐based detection algorithms in enhancing the robustness of SCADA systems toward malicious attacks. At the same time, it complies with the security objectives of Common Criteria, achieving the safety and protection of the dam.
Numerical simulation of a novel high performance solid‐state dye‐sensitised solar cell based on N719 dye
Authors: Njema George G. , Kibet Joshua K. , Rono Nicholas , Ahia Chinedu C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAmong the emerging photovoltaic technologies, solid‐state dye‐sensitised solar cells (ssDSSCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their cost‐effective production, adjustable characteristics, and potential for lightweight and flexible applications. Nevertheless, achieving efficiencies comparable to established technologies, such as perovskite and silicon‐based solar devices, have proven challenging. Herein, the device structure, Pt/PEDOT: PSS/N719 dye/PC61BM/ITO is investigated theoretically using the solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS‐1D). Groundbreaking advancement is introduced in ssDSSC design, achieving remarkable theoretical power conversion efficiency of 20.73%, surpassing the performance reported in traditional dye‐based solar cell technologies. The model ssDSSC demonstrates an exceptional Fill factor of 86.64%, indicating efficient current collection; along with a modest short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 22.38 mA/cm2 and an impressive open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.0691 V, highlighting efficient light absorption and charge separation. Mott–Schottky capacitance analysis and parasitic resistances (series and shunt) have been thoroughly discussed. Despite the fact that only numerical simulation is involved, the proposed ssDSSCs structure gives insights into the fabrication of a highly efficient solar cell that can be injected into the production workflow in order to advance the photovoltaic technology of the solid‐state DSSC.
A method of 2D and 3D display of radar terminal base on programmable pipeline
Authors: Miao Zhenkui , Zhou Gongjian , Li Keyi , Pan Xiangyang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn contrast to the ideal 3D display for meteorological radar, there is no 3D mode in the military engineering field. How to realise the 2D and 3D display for general radar terminal efficiently using the local graphics processing unit (GPU), which is impossible to realise with the traditional method of field programmable gate array now, has became an important research direction. In this paper, based on the radar echo equation, elevation was used to describe the three‐dimensional echo. After the three‐dimensional echo data model was built, the shader method with framebuffer objects was employed to display the data, while the data was capped by peripheral component interconnect express using direct memory access. It was designed to display the Plan Position Indicator and the attenuation of radar images with the 2D and 3D shaders. A series of numerical simulations were conducted to avoid image tear or lag. Compared to the methods of graphics device interface and the blend of images, the programmable pipeline of GPU performs well and is suitable for the display of radar terminal.
The ESO SupJup Survey
Authors: de Regt S. , Gandhi S. , Snellen I. A. G. , Zhang Y. , Ginski C. , González Picos D. , Kesseli A. Y. , Landman R. , Mollière P. , Nasedkin E. , Sánchez-López A. , Stolker T. 
Published: June 2024

Context. It has been proposed that the distinct formation and evolutionary pathways of exoplanets and brown dwarfs may affect the chemical and isotopic content of their atmospheres. Recent work has indeed shown differences in the12C/13C isotope ratio, which have provisionally been attributed to the top-down formation of brown dwarfs and the core accretion pathway of super-Jupiters.Aims. The ESO SupJup Survey is aimed at disentangling the formation pathways of isolated brown dwarfs and planetary-mass companions using chemical and isotopic tracers. The survey utilises high-resolution spectroscopy with the recently upgraded CRyogenic high-resolution InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph (CRIRES+) at the Very Large Telescope, covering a total of 49 targets. Here, we present the first results of this survey: an atmospheric characterisation of DENIS J0255-4700, an isolated brown dwarf near the L-T transition.Methods. We analysed its observed CRIRES+K-band spectrum using an atmospheric retrieval framework in which the radiative transfer codepetitRADTRANSwas coupled with thePyMultiNestsampling algorithm. Gaussian processes were employed to model inter-pixel correlations. In addition, we adopted an updated parameterisation of the pressure-temperature profile.Results. Abundances of CO, H2O, CH4, and NH3were retrieved for this fast-rotating L-dwarf. The ExoMol H2O line list provides a significantly better fit than that of HITEMP. A free-chemistry retrieval is strongly favoured over equilibrium chemistry, caused by an under-abundance of CH4. The free-chemistry retrieval constrains a super-solar C/O-ratio of ~0.68 and a solar metallicity. We find tentative evidence (~3σ) for the presence of13CO, with a constraint on the isotopologue ratio of12CO/13CO = 184−40+61and a lower limit of ≳97, which suggests a depletion of13C compared to the local interstellar medium (12C/13C ~ 68).Conclusions. High-resolution, high signal-to-noiseK-band spectra provide an excellent means of constraining the chemistry and isotopic content of sub-stellar objects, which is the main objective of the ESO SupJup Survey.