bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological well‐being in rheumatoid arthritis: a review of the literature
Authors: Gettings Lynda 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe psychological well‐being of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an important issue, and the advent of measurement tools has led to a better understanding of the mental aspects associated with this chronic illness. Patients with RA are more likely to suffer from anxiety, depression and low self‐esteem, with high levels of associated mortality and suicide. The loss of the ability to carry out daily functions owing to RA is also associated with the onset of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the psychological effects of RA can extend to the partners, families and carers of sufferers. Conventional treatment has focused on treating the symptoms of RA and containment of disease progression, but may not necessarily address the psychological issues associated with the condition. Furthermore, patient perception of RA and of the support offered to them can cause further unnecessary psychological distress. Access to psychological support for RA patients has been shown to be inconsistent and haphazard. It is now being recognized that what is needed is a multidisciplinary team approach to treat psychological distress in RA alongside conventional treatment, involving alternative therapies tailored to the psychological needs of the patient. The benefits of treatments such as cognitive behavioural therapy, meditation and exercise are clear and these treatments should be actively encouraged, thereby enabling patients with RA to better manage the psychological burden associated with this chronic condition. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo chlorine‐35, sodium‐23 and proton magnetic resonance imaging of the rat brain
Authors: Kirsch Stefan , Augath Mark , Seiffge David , Schilling Lothar , Schad Lothar R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this study we demonstrate the feasibility of combined chlorine‐35, sodium‐23 and proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 9.4 Tesla, and present the first in vivo chlorine‐35 images obtained by means of MRI. With the experimental setup used in this study all measurements could be done in one session without changing the setup or moving the subject. The multinuclear measurement requires a total measurement time of 2 h and provides morphological (protons) and physiological (sodium‐23, chlorine‐35) information in one scanning session. Chlorine‐35, sodium‐23 and high resolution proton images were acquired from a phantom, a healthy rat and from a rat displaying a focal cerebral infarction. Compared to the healthy tissue a signal enhancement of a factor of 2.2 ± 0.2 in the chlorine‐35 and a factor of 2.9 ± 0.6 in the sodium‐23 images is observed in the areas of infarction. Exemplary unlocalized measurement of the in vivo longitudinal and transversal relaxation time of chlorine‐35 in a healthy rat showed multi‐exponential behaviour. A biexponential fit revealed a fast and a slow relaxing component with T1,a = (1.7 ± 0.4) ms, T1,b = (25.1 ± 1.4) ms, amplitudes of A = 0.26 ± 0.02, (1–A) = 0.74 ± 0.02 and T2,a = (1.3 ± 0.1) ms, T2,b = (11.8 ± 1.1) ms, A = 0.64 ± 0.02, (1–A) = 0.36 ± 0.02. Combined proton, sodium‐23 and chlorine‐35 MRI may provide a new approach for non‐invasive studies of ionic regulatory processes under physiological and pathological conditions in vivo. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Invasive ductal carcinoma: correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient value with pathological prognostic factors
Authors: Razek Ahmed Abdel Khalek Abdel , Gaballa Gada , Denewer Adel , Nada Nadia 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to correlate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of invasive ductal carcinoma with pathological prognostic factors. A prospective study was conducted on 59 untreated female patients (mean age 46 years) with invasive ductal carcinoma. All patients were examined at 1.5 Tesla using dedicated bilateral breast coil. They underwent diffusion weighted MR imaging of the breast using a single shot echo planar imaging with a b‐factor of 200 and 400 sec/mm2. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were reconstructed. The ADC value of the breast cancer was calculated and correlated with the pathologic prognostic factors (tumor size, grade and lymph nodes). The mean ADC values of invasive ductal carcinoma were significantly lower in patients with high grade, large breast cancer as well as those with axillary lymph nodes metastasis in a statistically significant way (p = 0.001 for the three factors). The mean ADC value of invasive ductal carcinoma was correlated with histologic grade (r = −0.675, p = 0.001), tumor size (r = 0.504, p = 0.001) and showed lower ADC values with positive lymph node metastasis. Apparent diffusion coefficient value is correlated with pathological parameters of invasive ductal carcinoma. The lower ADC values are associated with higher histological grade, larger tumor size and presence of axillary lymph nodes. So, the ADC value can be considered as a promising prognostic parameter that may identify highly aggressive breast cancer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A MIP‐based local search method for the railway rescheduling problem
Authors: Acuna‐Agost Rodrigo , Michelon Philippe , Feillet Dominique , Gueye Serigne 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFor operational and unpredictable reasons, many small incidents occur day after day in rail transportation systems. Most of them have a local impact, but, in some cases, mainly in dense networks, minimal disruptions can spread out through the whole network and affect significantly the train schedules. In this article, we present the railway rescheduling problem as the problem of finding a new schedule of trains after one or several incidents by minimizing some measure of the effect. We investigate the solution of this problem through a mixed‐integer programming (MIP) formulation. Because of the impossibility for solving it exactly just using a standard MIP solver, we propose to limit the search space around the original nondisrupted schedule by hard and soft fixing of integer variables with local‐branching‐type cuts. Different variations of the method are compared to a right‐shift rescheduling policy in two different networks located in France and Chile. The experimental results are also used to study the impact of different objectives on the total delay. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2011
A client‐centred, occupation‐based occupational therapy programme for adults with psychiatric diagnoses
Authors: Schindler Victoria P 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a client‐centred, occupation‐based occupational therapy programme for individuals with psychiatric diagnoses. The study took place in a college campus.A pre‐test/post‐test design was used. There were 38 participants which included college students and community members who desired to attend college, work and/or address life skill goals. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was used as a pre‐ and post‐test measure. Goals were based on problems identified in the COPM, reflected academic, vocational, life skill, and leisure goals, and were systematically addressed weekly through activities developed by the participant and a graduate occupational therapy student who acted as a mentor. The Participant Overall Satisfaction Scale was completed by each participant. A case study was used to describe the programme in more depth.The results support that the client‐centred, occupation‐based occupational therapy programme increased client scores on satisfaction and performance of occupational performance problems identified on the COPM. Further research is recommended to explore how client‐centred occupational therapy programmes can be effective in improving academic, vocational and life skill goals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decentralization in Tanzania: An assessment of local government discretion and accountability
Authors: Venugopal Varsha , Yilmaz Serdar 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA large part of the decentralization literature is fragmented along political, fiscal, or administrative lines. In this article we employ a diagnostic framework to draw these dimensions together in a coherent manner to focus on analyzing local government discretion and accountability in Tanzania. Tanzania seems to have a deconcentrated local government system with central appointees having large powers at the local level. Centrally‐funded mandates—such as constructing secondary schools—dominate local government plans and budgets. Central control over administrative functions has ensured that administrative decentralization is yet to occur. In the fiscal sphere, progress has been made in transparency and harmonization of transfers in the last 5 years but local governments still have some way to go in raising own revenues, being less reliant on transfers, and ensuring downward accountability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A toxic mix? Comparative efficiency and the privatization of sanitation services in India
Authors: Murphy Jonathan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article explores why the World Bank and its Indian government partners, in their efforts to reform the urban water and sanitation sector in India, have failed to recognize and address the intolerable working conditions of Dalit (outcaste) sanitation workers. The conceptual framework for the article is provided by the theory of thought‐styles, developed by Ludwig Fleck and refined by Mary Douglas, and its application to neoliberal public policy by the North American legal scholar Sharon Dolovich, who observed the domination of the principle of ‘comparative efficiency’ in US prison policy debates. This approach is applied to understanding how the worsening conditions of already highly vulnerable Dalit sewage workers have been displaced from the sanitation policy debate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Pockets’ of effective agencies in weak governance states: Where are they likely and why does it matter?
Authors: Leonard David K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIt is well established that even in countries that have poor governance and weak public sectors, exceptional well‐functioning government and government‐supported agencies do exist. What has not been established is where and why these ‘pockets of effectiveness’ are able to emerge. Some attribute their existence to exceptional leadership and good management. Others, while not doubting the importance of these internal factors, believe that these ‘pockets’ are generated by their place in the country's political economy. The literature on this subject is dominated by case studies and the consequence is that a very large number of hypotheses have been generated about what the political processes at work might be. This article inventories the array of available hypotheses and condenses them into five sets of meta‐hypotheses. It also discusses how social scientists and practitioners ought to think about something whose occurrence is idiosyncratic. The future of development administration will be enhanced by more informed choice of strategic opportunities—avoiding both political determinism and a naïve faith that all is equally possible to those who will it. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aortic isthmus Doppler velocimetry: role in assessment of preterm fetal growth restriction
Authors: Kennelly M. M. , Farah N. , Turner M. J. , Stuart B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIntrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR) is an important pregnancy complication associated with significant adverse clinical outcome, stillbirth, perinatal morbidity and cerebral palsy. To date, no uniformly accepted management protocol of Doppler surveillance that reduces mortality and cognitive morbidity has emerged. Aortic isthmus (AoI) evaluation has been proposed as a potential monitoring tool for IUGR fetuses. In this review, the current knowledge of the relationship between AoI Doppler velocimetry and preterm fetal growth restriction is reviewed. Relevant technical aspects and reproducibility data are reviewed as we discuss AoI Doppler and its place within the existing repertoire of Doppler assessments in placental insufficiency. The AoI is a link between the right and left ventricles which perfuse the lower and upper body, respectively. The clinical use of AoI waveforms for monitoring fetal deterioration in IUGR has been limited, but preliminary work suggests that abnormal AoI impedance indices are an intermediate step between placental insufficiency‐hypoxemia and cardiac decompensation. Further prospective studies correlating AoI indices with arterial and venous Doppler indices and perinatal outcome are required before encorporating this index into clinical practice. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nearly‐Kähler dimensional reduction of the heterotic string
Authors: Chatzistavrakidis A. , Zoupanos G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe effective action in four dimensions resulting from the ten‐dimensional 𝒩 = 1 heterotic supergravity coupled to 𝒩 = 1 supersymmetric Yang‐Mills upon dimensional reduction over nearly‐Kähler manifolds is discussed. Nearly‐Kähler manifolds are an interesting class of manifolds admitting an SU(3)‐structure and in six dimensions all homogeneous nearly‐Kähler manifolds are included in the class of the corresponding non‐symmetric coset spaces plus a group manifold. Therefore it is natural to apply the Coset Space Dimensional Reduction scheme using these coset spaces as internal manifolds in order to determine the four‐dimensional theory.
Recent developments in automated NLO calculations: the HELAC‐NLO case
Authors: Bevilacqua G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAchieving a precise description of multi‐parton final states is crucial for the interpretation of the LHC data. Recent years have seen a huge effort in developing methods for an efficient and fully automated computation of cross sections at the one‐loop level enlarging the wealth of predictions accessible at the next‐to‐leading order (NLO). In this proceedings contribution we briefly review the main features of the HELAC‐NLO method and show, as an illustratory example, some results of a complete NLO study of Higgs signal

versus irreducible QCD background in

production at the LHC.
Ulipristal acetate: emergency contraception for up to five days
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Cameron Sharon 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUlipristal acetate (EllaOne) is a new oral emergency contraceptive licensed for up to 120 hours following unprotected intercourse. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects and Dr Sharon Cameron discusses its role as an emergency contraceptive. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Affinity of synthetic peptide fragments of MyoD for Id1 protein and their biological effects in several cancer cells
Authors: Chen Chiu‐Heng , Kuo Sheng‐Chu , Huang Li‐Jiau , Hsu Mei‐Hua , Lung Feng‐Di T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMyoD is a DNA‐binding protein capable of specific interactions that involve the helix–loop–helix (HLH) domain. The HLH motif of MyoD can form oligomers with the HLH motif of Id1 (the inhibitor of DNA‐binding proteins) that folds into a highly stable helical conformation stabilized by the self‐association. The Id family consists of four related proteins that contain a highly conserved dimerization motif known as the HLH domain. In signaling pathways, Id proteins act as dominant negative antagonists of the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors which play important roles in cellular development, proliferation, and differentiation. The mechanism of Id proteins is to antagonize bHLH proteins by binding as dominant negative HLH proteins to form high‐affinity heterodimers with other bHLH proteins, thereby preventing them from binding to DNA and inhibiting transcription of differentiation‐associated genes. The goal of this study is to design and synthesize peptide fragments of MyoD with high affinity for Id1 to interrupt the interactions among Id1, MyoD, and other bHLH DNA‐binding proteins and to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. Affinity of each peptide for Id1 was determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. The secondary structure of each peptide was studied by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Biological effects of each peptide in several cancer cells such as breast and colon cancer cells were analyzed. Results demonstrated that the peptide 3C (H‐Tyr‐Ile‐Glu‐Gly‐Leu‐Gln‐Ala‐Leu‐Leu‐Arg‐Asp‐Gln‐NH2) not only showed high affinity for Id1 but also exhibited antiproliferative effects in HT‐29 and MCF‐7 cancer cells; the IC50 value of 3C was determined as 25 µM in both cells. The percentage of sub‐G1 in the cell cycle of the cancer cells treated with 5 µM of 3C was increased, indicating the induced apoptosis of cancer cells by 3C. Taken together, the peptide 3C is a promising lead compound for the development of antiproliferative agents. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoelectron spectroscopic study on electronic structure of butterfly‐templated ZnO
Authors: Kamada Masao , Sugiyama Harue , Takahashi Kazutoshi , Guo Qixin , Gu Jiajun , Zhang Wang , Fan Tongxiang , Zhang Di 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBiological systems have complicated hierarchical architecture involving nano‐structures inside, and are expected as another candidate for new nano‐templates. The present work reports the photoelectron spectroscopic study on electronic structure of the butterfly‐templated ZnO that were successfully produced from butterfly wings. Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectrum (UPS) of the butterfly‐templated ZnO shows clearly the valence band and a Zn‐3d peak, indicating that the butterfly‐templated ZnO has the same electronic structure as bulk ZnO. However, the detailes show that the energy positions of the Zn‐3d level and the valence‐band structure are different between them. The present results indicate that the bonding interaction between Zn‐4sp and O‐2p orbitals is stronger in the butterfly‐templated ZnO, probably due to the nano‐structures inside. Important parameters such as band bending and electron affinity are also obtained. The larger band bending and the lower electron affinity are found in the butterfly‐templated ZnO (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Energy transfer in ZnSe/(Zn,Mn)Se double quantum wells
Authors: Jankowski Stephanie , Heimbrodt Wolfram 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe complex interplay of energy transfer and tunnelling processes in asymmetric ZnSe/(Zn,Mn)Se double quantum well structures has been investigated. The optical properties at low temperatures and in an external magnetic fields up to 7 T show remarkable differences to earlier studies on CdTe/(Cd,Mn)Te double quantum wells. The pure quantum‐mechanical tunnelling‐process is only a minor contribution to the field dependence of the emission even in case of small barriers and strong quantum‐well coupling (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Density functional study of AgnPd and AgnPdH clusters
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Ren Yunlai , Ren Yunli , Wang Jianji , Yin Weiping 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSmall AgnPd (n = 5) clusters and their hydrides AgnPdH (n = 5) have been studied by density functional theory calculations. For bare clusters, the structures in which the Pd atom has a maximum number of neighboring Ag atoms tend to be energetically favorable. Hydrogen prefers binding to AgPd bridge site of AgnPd clusters except for Ag5Pd. The binding energy has a strong odd–even oscillation. The electron transfers are from Ag atoms to Pd in bare clusters and are from metal clusters to H in cluster hydrides. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Anisotropic effect in collisions of ions with biomolecules
Authors: Bacchus‐Montabonel M. C. , Tergiman Y. S. , Talbi D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn overview of the anisotropy effect in charge transfer processes induced by collision of ions on biomolecular targets is presented. The theoretical treatment includes ab‐initio molecular calculations of the potential energy curves and couplings followed by a semi‐classical collision dynamics. The method is presented for the case of direct processes by the example of the collision of C4+ ions on uracil and halouracil targets, and for the case of indirect processes corresponding to the action of ions on the medium, by the example of the C2+ + CO collision system. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Toward understanding the protein oxidation processes: •OH addition on tyrosine, phenylalanine, or methionine?
Authors: Trouillas Patrick , Bergès Jacqueline , Houée‐Lévin Chantal 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOxidation of peptides and proteins by •OH radicals produced in oxidative stress or in radiotherapy, accidental irradiations, etc., is well known to form oxidative metabolites that are responsible for numerous diseases including neurodegenerative pathologies. Tyrosine (Tyr), Phenylalanine (Phe), and Methionine (Met) residues are known to be the major targets of •OH radicals. This study aims at better understanding the •OH addition process on these three amino acids. On the basis of different amino acid prototypes, the Gibbs energy (ΔG) (B3P86/6‐31+G(d,p)) and rate constants (kTST) (MPWB1K/6‐31+G(d,p)) of •OH addition were calculated. The •OH addition capacity was studied (i) on the different positions of the aromatic rings of Tyr and Phe and (ii) on the S‐atom of Met. The addition was favored on the aromatic rings of Tyr and Phe with almost the same ΔGaddition values for both amino acids. No preferential position was found. The only parameter that may influence the OH‐adduct formation is the presence or absence of intra‐H bondings. In agreement with the experimental data available from the literature, the OH‐adduct on Met appeared to be less favored. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Can electron equilibration in excited Na8 clusters be interpreted as thermalization?
Authors: Nest M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe report on recent progress toward bridging the gap between the fields of ab initio time‐dependent electronic structure theory on the one hand, and quantum statistics/thermodynamics on the other hand. It will be shown that Boltzmanns definition of temperature is more suitable, then the attempt to extract temperature information from a fit of the Fermi–Dirac distribution to populations of Hartree–Fock single particle states. However, the discrepancy between the two leads to the still open question of how to define an appropriate single particle picture. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Pd characterization by XPS in perovskite catalysts for NOx reduction: influence of thermal aging
Authors: Miquel P. , Yamin Y. , Lombaert K. , Dujardin C. , Trentesaux M. , Gengembre L. , Granger P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study reports surface characterizations of Pd/LaFeO3 catalysts after aging in diesel engine simulated conditions. Thermal aging and support‐induced effects on the nature of Pd species were investigated. LaFeO3 was prepared via a sol–gel method to promote relatively high specific surface area (19 m2 g−1). Subsequent impregnation from solutions using Pd(NO3)2, Pd(acac)2 or Pd(NH3)4(NO3)2 precursor salts was examined by means of XPS and infrared spectroscopy on pre‐activated catalysts under reductive atmosphere and aged ones under reactive conditions overnight at 500 °C. Both techniques reveal that the degree of Pd dispersion and the reducibility of oxidic palladium species are correlated to the oxidation state of oxidic palladium species and depend on the nature of the precursor salt. Hence, impregnated samples using Pd(NH3)4(NO3)2 and Pd(acac)2 precursor salts, after calcination, lead to highly dispersed Pd4+ species strongly interacting with the support. On the other hand, it was found that both the catalysts suffer from stronger deactivation phenomena than those affecting the catalysts prepared via Pd(NO3)2. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.