bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Evaluations of Peanut Germplasm for Resistance to Stem Rot Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii1
Authors: Gorbet D. W. , Kucharek T. A. , Shokes F. M. , Brenneman T. B. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Southern stem rot, caused by the soilborne fungus Sclerotium rolfsii, is a major disease of peanut (A. hypogaea) in the U.S. Advanced lines from the Univ. of Florida peanut breeding program were evaluated in field tests at the Marianna North Florida Res. and Educ. Center for resistance to stem rot. Breeding lines and cultivars were evaluated in irrigated field studies in 1999 to 2001. Plants were inoculated at 55 to 65 d after planting with aggressive isolates of S. rolfsii that were grown on grain-based (oats, corn) medium in the laboratory. Entries planted in three tests were grouped based on maturity (early, medium, late). Additional split-plot field tests were conducted to compare inoculated vs. uninoculated plants of selected lines. Late-maturing entries consistently showed the highest levels of resistance to stem rot and greatest pod yields. In general, early and medium entries had similar yields, but some medium-maturing entries had greater pod yields and better disease resistance than any of the early genotypes. The mean pod yields for the early, medium and late maturity groups were 2697, 2780, and 4301 kg/ha, respectively. The mean disease ratings on a 1–10 scale (1 ≤ 10% disease; 10 ≥ 90% of plants dead or dying) were 4.6, 4.4, and 3.4, for the early, medium, and late maturity groups, respectively. The mean yield loss to stem rot in the split-plot test was 706 kg/ha. New cultivars with resistance to stem rot were released from the Florida Agric. Exp. Sta. in 2002 and 2003 from material reported in these tests.
Effect of Cultivar and Plant Population on Spotted Wilt in Virginia Market-Type Peanut
Authors: Hurt C. A. , Brandenburg R. L. , Jordan D. L. , Kennedy G. G. , Bailey J. E. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in North Carolina during 2001 and 2002 to evaluate the impact of cultivar and plant population on the incidence of symptoms of tomato spotted wilt virus, which is transmitted primarily by tobacco thrips [Frankliniellafusca (Hinds) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)]. Treatments included the Virginia market-type cultivars Gregory, NC-V 11, and Perry seeded at in-row plant populations of 7, 13, and 17 plants/m. In these experiments, there was a consistent trend for increased foliar injury from thrips as plant population decreased. Less thrips feeding injury was noted for Gregory and Perry than for NC-V 11. Incidence of visual symptoms of spotted wilt (SW) was recorded from mid-June through mid-September. A plant condition rating was recorded late in the season. Consistent with the results for thrips-induced injury, the percentage of plants infected with SW and the plant condition rating increased as plant population decreased. Gregory had the lowest SW incidence, while NC-V 11 was intermediate between Gregory and the most susceptible Perry. Establishing higher plant densities and planting Gregory rather than NC-V 11 or Perry reduced SW incidence and plant condition rating. Gregory had consistently the highest %ELK (extra large kernels) and %FP (fancy pods) across treatments and locations whereas no definitive trend in market grade characteristics were noted among treatments. In some cases, Perry had a higher incidence of SW, but still had higher pod yields than NC-V 11 with a lower incidence of SW. However, in most cases pod yield correlated with plant condition ratings, and as thrips injury increased, pod yield decreased.
Heterogeneous selection on trichome production in AlaskanArabidopsis kamchatica(Brassicaceae)
Authors: Steets Janette A. , Takebayashi Naoki , Byrnes Jeffrey M. , Wolf Diana E. 
Published: June 2010

•Premise of the study: Environmental heterogeneity is thought to be one of the primary factors in the evolutionary maintenance of morphological variation. Here, we explore the role of environmental heterogeneity in the maintenance of variation in leaf hair (trichome) production inArabidopsis kamchatica.•Methods: We investigate abiotic correlates of trichome production inA. kamchaticavia surveys of both herbarium specimens and wild populations. In addition, we examine patterns of phenotypic selection on trichome production among populations that differ in environmental characteristics.•Key results: Trichome‐producing herbarium specimens were more likely to occur at lower latitudes and in locations with lower mean annual precipitation and less annual variation in temperature than glabrous specimens. In surveys of wild populations, frequencies of trichome‐producing plants were higher in drier habitats than in wetter environments. Using phenotypic selection analysis, we found divergent selection through female fitness (fruit production) on trichome number in populations that differ in environmental characteristics; there was selection for reduced trichome number in one population and selection for increased trichome number in another population. In a population containing both glabrous and trichome‐producing plants, glabrous plants produced significantly more fruits than trichome‐producing individuals, which indicates selection against the trichome morph.•Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that there is heterogeneity in selection among populations, which could be responsible for the maintenance of trichome variation in Alaskan populations ofA. kamchatica.
Refractive Outcome of Keratoconus Treated by Combined Femtosecond Laser and Big-Bubble Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Buzzonetti Luca , Laborante Antonio , Petrocelli Gianni 
Published: June 2010

Purpose:
To report 1-year follow-up in 11 of 13 eyes with keratoconus treated by deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty with a combined femtosecond laser lamellar resection followed by a big-bubble dissection.

Methods:
Thirteen eyes with keratoconus were treated. Recipient and donor were prepared with the 60-kHz IntraLase femtosecond laser (Abbott Medical Optics). In the recipient, the femtosecond laser, after performing a lamellar cut 100 μm above the thinnest corneal point (measured by Pentacam [Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH]), was used to make a mushroom-shaped resection (anterior diameter, 9 mm; posterior diameter, 8 mm) from the same depth. In the donor, the mushroom lamellar thickness was calculated according to an original model based on the recipient preoperative corneal thickness. Upon removal of the recipient lamella, air was injected into the residual stroma to achieve a big bubble. The keratectomy was continued up to Descemet membrane. The donor was fit into place and sutured using interrupted sutures, which were removed by 8 months postoperative. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and refractive astigmatism were calculated by manifest refraction, whereas topographic astigmatism and corneal thickness were measured by Pentacam.

Results:
A big bubble was successfully achieved in 11 eyes. Twelve months after surgery, mean CDVA was 0.52±1.2 (decimal), and refractive sphere and cylinder were −1.50±1.70 diopters (D) and 2.00±2.60 D, respectively. Three (27%) of 11 eyes at 1 year had a manifest refraction spherical equivalent within 1.00 D of emmetropia. Topographic astigmatism was 2.90±1.60 D. The thinnest corneal point was 519±27 μm.

Conclusions:
This combination of a femtosecond laser lamellar dissection with a big-bubble technique can improve the standardization of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty for keratoconus.
Bilateral Explantation of Visian Implantable Collamer Lenses Secondary to Bilateral Acute Angle Closure Resulting from a Non-Pupillary Block Mechanism
Authors: Khalifa Yousuf M. , Goldsmith Jason , Moshirfar Majid 
Published: June 2010

Purpose:
To report a case of bilateral non-pupillary block angle closure glaucoma after Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL, STAAR Surgical) surgery.

Methods:
A 35-year-old woman with high myopia, white-to-white measurements of 11.8 mm in the right eye and 11.9 mm in the left eye, and anterior chamber depths >3 mm in both eyes underwent simultaneous bilateral ICL implantation with 13.2-mm lenses.

Results:
Persistent, bilateral acute angle closure developed despite multiple patent peripheral iridotomies and iridectomies. Visante anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec) revealed profound vaulting of the ICLs and angle closure. Both ICLs were explanted. After explantation, ultrasound biomicroscopy demonstrated a sulcus-to-sulcus diameter of 10.8 mm in the right eye and 11.2 mm in the left eye.

Conclusions:
The correlation between white-to-white and sulcus-to-sulcus measurements were poor in this patient, resulting in extreme vaulting of the ICL and angle closure from a non-pupillary block mechanism. Proper identification of the mechanism of angle closure is aided by AS-OCT. For non-pupillary block mechanisms, ICL extraction is necessary.
Initial Resident Refractive Surgical Experience: Outcomes of PRK and LASIK for Myopia
Authors: Wagoner Michael D. , Wickard Joseph C. , Wandling George R. , Milder Lisa C. , Rauen Matthew P. , Kitzmann Anna S. , Sutphin John E. , Goins Kenneth M. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose:
To evaluate and compare the outcome of initial resident surgical experience with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and LASIK.

Methods:
Retrospective review of all cases performed with the VISX Star S4 platform (Abbott Medical Optics) between July 1, 2003 and June 30, 2007. Inclusion criteria were spherical equivalent of −0.50 to −10.00 diopters (D), refractive astigmatic error of ≤3.00 D, intention to provide full distance correction, and minimum 3-month postoperative follow-up after initial ablation or retreatment (if performed).

Results:

A total of 153 cases performed by 20 different residents met the inclusion criteria; 38 eyes underwent PRK and 115 eyes had LASIK. After initial treatment, mean Snellen uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) after PRK was 20/17.3 and after LASIK was 20/19.5. Photorefractive keratectomy was associated with a significantly better approximation between preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and postoperative UDVA (ΔlogMAR 0.009 vs 0.091;
P
=.004) and a greater percentage of eyes that achieved UDVA of 20/20 or better (94.7% vs 78.3%;
P
=.02) or 20/30 or better (100% vs 87.8%;
P
=.02). There was a higher prevalence of retreatment in eyes that underwent LASIK (7.0% vs 0%;
P
=.20). One (0.9%) eye lost 2 lines of CDVA after LASIK.

Conclusions:
Supervised refractive surgery residents can achieve excellent visual outcomes in patients operated during their initial refractive experience. Photorefractive keratectomy was associated with better visual outcome than LASIK.
Successful Treatment of Recurrent Epithelial Ingrowth Associated with Interface Fluid Syndrome, Flap Necrosis, and Epithelial Defects Following LASIK
Authors: Elderkin Saba J. , Epstein Randy J. , Seldomridge Dianna L. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose:
To report the successful treatment of two patients who developed flap necrosis preceded by recurrent epithelial ingrowth and interface fluid syndrome after LASIK.

Methods:
Patient 1 was treated with epithelial debridement and flap suturing. Patient 2 was initially treated with epithelial debridement and flap suturing, but developed recurrent epithelial ingrowth in the right eye and 2 weeks later in the left eye.

Results:
Patient 1 developed diffuse interface fluid accumulation in the left eye after epithelial debridement and flap suturing and was treated with timolol meleate 0.5% solution and methazolamide. The interface fluid resolved and the cornea and flap became clear. Slit-lamp examination identified a small area of epithelial ingrowth recurrence, which has remained stable for 3 years. Patient 2 was successfully retreated with epithelial debridement followed by fibrin tissue adhesive application. Five months after debridement and fibrin tissue adhesive, no recurrence of epithelial ingrowth or interface fluid accumulation was noted.

Conclusions:
Epithelial ingrowth and interface fluid syndrome may be associated with secondary flap necrosis following LASIK, which can be effectively treated with debridement and flap suturing or fibrin tissue adhesive application.
Unintended Epithelium-Only Flap Creation Using a Femtosecond Laser During LASIK
Authors: Kymionis George D. , Portaliou Dimitra M. , Krasia Maria S. , Karavitaki Alexandra E. , Grentzelos Michael A. , Panagopoulou Sophia I. , Kounis George A. , Pallikaris Ioannis G. 
Published: June 2010

Purpose:
To present a patient in whom, during LASIK with the IntraLase femtosecond laser (Abbott Medical Optics), unintended epithelial (instead of anterior stromal) flaps were created in both eyes.

Methods:
A 28-year-old man underwent bilateral LASIK using the IntraLase femtosecond laser programmed to create 100-μm flaps. Flap creation was performed uneventfully in both eyes but flap thickness was thinner than attempted. The flaps were easily torn during flap lift because they appeared to consist of epithelium only. Therefore, the procedure was immediately converted to photorefractive keratectomy with the use of mitomycin C.

Results:
Re-epithelialization occurred 3 days after the procedure in both eyes. Three months after treatment, uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/25 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye with no signs of corneal haze on slit-lamp examination.

Conclusions:
Despite the advantages of the IntraLase femtosecond laser in the creation of a LASIK flap, complications in terms of flap thickness may occur.
Core Temperature and Metabolic Responses After Carbohydrate Intake During Exercise at 30°C
Authors: Horswill Craig A. , Stofan John R. , Lovett Shannon C. , Hannasch Chris 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Context:
Carbohydrate ingestion has recently been associated with elevated core temperature during exercise in the heat when testing for ergogenic effects. Whether the association holds when metabolic rate is controlled is unclear. Such an effect would have undesirable consequences for the safety of the athlete.

Objective:
To examine whether ingesting fluids containing carbohydrate contributed to an accelerated rise in core temperature and greater overall body heat production during 1 hour of exercise at 30°C when the effort was maintained at steady state.

Design:
Crossover design (repeated measures) in randomized order of treatments of drinking fluids with carbohydrate and electrolytes (CHO) or flavored-water placebo with electrolytes (PLA). The beverages were identical except for the carbohydrate content: CHO  =  93.7 ± 11.2 g, PLA  =  0 g.

Setting:
Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Nine physically fit, endurance-trained adult males.

Intervention(s):
Using rectal temperature sensors, we measured core temperature during 30 minutes of rest and 60 minutes of exercise at 65% of maximal oxygen uptake (V˙o2 max) in the heat (30.6°C, 51.8% relative humidity). Participants drank equal volumes (1.6 L) of 2 beverages in aliquots 30 minutes before and every 15 minutes during exercise. Volumes were fixed to approximate sweat rates and minimize dehydration.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Rectal temperature and metabolic response (V˙o2, heart rate).

Results:
Peak temperature, rate of temperature increase, and metabolic responses did not differ between beverage treatments. Initial hydration status, sweat rate, and fluid replacement were also not different between trials, as planned.

Conclusions:
Ingestion of carbohydrate in fluid volumes that minimized dehydration during 1 hour of steady-state exercise at 30°C did not elicit an increase in metabolic rate or core temperature.
Research Methodology: Endocrinologic Measurements in Exercise Science and Sports Medicine
Authors: Hackney Anthony C. , Viru Atko 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Objective:
To provide background information on methodologic factors that influence and add variance to endocrine outcome measurements. Our intent is to aid and improve the quality of exercise science and sports medicine research endeavors of investigators inexperienced in endocrinology.

Background:
Numerous methodologic factors influence human endocrine (hormonal) measurements and, consequently, can dramatically compromise the accuracy and validity of exercise and sports medicine research. These factors can be categorized into those that are biologic and those that are procedural-analytic in nature.

Recommendations:
Researchers should design their studies to monitor, control, and adjust for the biologic and procedural-analytic factors discussed within this paper. By doing so, they will find less variance in their hormonal outcomes and thereby will increase the validity of their physiologic data. These actions can assist the researcher in the interpretation and understanding of endocrine data and, in turn, make their research more scientifically sound.
Thermoregulatory Responses and Hydration Practices in Heat-Acclimatized Adolescents During Preseason High School Football
Authors: Yeargin Susan Walker , Casa Douglas J. , Judelson Daniel A. , McDermott Brendon P. , Ganio Matthew S. , Lee Elaine C. , Lopez Rebecca M. , Stearns Rebecca L. , Anderson Jeffrey M. , Armstrong Lawrence E. , Kraemer William J. , Maresh Carl M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Context:
Previous researchers have not investigated the thermoregulatory responses to multiple consecutive days of American football in adolescents.

Objective:
To examine the thermoregulatory and hydration responses of high school players during formal preseason football practices.

Design:
Observational study.

Setting:
Players practiced outdoors in late August once per day on days 1 through 5, twice per day on days 6 and 7, and once per day on days 8 through 10. Maximum wet bulb globe temperature averaged 23 ± 4°C.

Patients or Other Participants:
Twenty-five heat-acclimatized adolescent boys (age  =  15 ± 1 years, height  =  180 ± 8 cm, mass  =  81.4 ± 15.8 kg, body fat  =  12 ± 5%, Tanner stage  =  4 ± 1).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We observed participants within and across preseason practices of football. Measures included gastrointestinal temperature (TGI), urine osmolality, sweat rate, forearm sweat composition, fluid consumption, testosterone to cortisol ratio, perceptual measures of thirst, perceptual measures of thermal sensation, a modified Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire, and knowledge questionnaires assessing the participants' understanding of heat illnesses and hydration. Results were analyzed for differences across time and were compared between younger (14–15 years, n  =  13) and older (16–17 years, n  =  12) participants.

Results:
Maximum daily TGI values remained less than 40°C and were correlated with maximum wet bulb globe temperature (r  =  0.59, P  =  .009). Average urine osmolality indicated that participants generally experienced minimal to moderate hypohydration before (881 ± 285 mOsmol/kg) and after (856 ± 259 mOsmol/kg) each practice as a result of replacing approximately two-thirds of their sweat losses during exercise but inadequately rehydrating between practices. Age did not affect most variables; however, sweat rate was lower in younger participants (0.6 ± 0.2 L/h) than in older participants (0.8 ± 0.1 L/h) (F1,18  =  8.774, P  =  .008).

Conclusions:
Previously heat-acclimatized adolescent boys (TGI &lt; 40°C) can safely complete the initial days of preseason football practice in moderate environmental conditions using well-designed practice guidelines. Adolescent boys replaced most sweat lost during practice but remained mildly hypohydrated throughout data collection, indicating inadequate hydration habits when they were not at practice.
Current Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Certified Athletic Trainers Regarding Recognition and Treatment of Exertional Heat Stroke
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Scruggs Ian C. , Casa Douglas J. , Burton Laura J. , McDermott Brendon P. , Armstrong Lawrence E. , Maresh Carl M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Context:
Previous research has indicated that despite awareness of the current literature on the recommended prevention and care of exertional heat stroke (EHS), certified athletic trainers (ATs) acknowledge failure to follow those recommendations.

Objective:
To investigate the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of ATs regarding the recognition and treatment of EHS.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Online survey.

Patients or Other Participants:
We obtained a random sample of e-mail addresses for 1000 high school and collegiate ATs and contacted these individuals with invitations to participate. A total of 498 usable responses were received, for a 25% response rate.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The survey instrument evaluated ATs' knowledge and actual practice regarding EHS and included 29 closed-ended Likert scale questions (1  =  strongly disagree, 7  =  strongly agree), 2 closed-ended questions rated on a Likert scale (1  =  lowest value, 9  =  greatest value), 8 open-ended questions, and 7 demographic questions. We focused on the open-ended and demographic questions.

Results:
Although most ATs (77.1%) have read the current National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement on heat illness, only 18.6% used rectal thermometers to assess core body temperature to recognize EHS, and 49.7% used cold-water immersion to treat EHS. Athletic trainers perceived rectal thermometers as the most valid temperature assessment device when compared with other assessment devices (P ≤ .05), but they used oral thermometers as the primary assessment tool (49.1%). They identified cold-water immersion as the best cooling method (P ≤ .05), even though they used other means to cool a majority of the time (50.3%).

Conclusions:
The ATs surveyed have sound knowledge of the correct means of EHS recognition and treatment. However, a significant portion of these ATs reported using temperature assessment devices that are invalid with athletes exercising in the heat. Furthermore, they reported using cooling treatment methods that have inferior cooling rates.
A Systematic Review of Interventions to Increase Awareness, Knowledge, and Folic Acid Consumption before and during Pregnancy
Authors: Chivu Corina Mihaela , Tulchinsky Theodore H. , Soares-Weiser Karla , Braunstein Rony , Brezis Mayer 
Published: June 2010

Objective. We conducted a systematic review of studies designed to increase awareness of, knowledge about, and consumption of folic acid before and during pregnancy. Data sources. Studies were identified from Cochrane Library, Medline, and the references of primary studies and reviews. Study inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental interrupted time series studies, follow-up studies, case-control studies, and before-and-after studies, all of which were conducted between 1992 and 2005 on women ages 15 to 49 years and/or health professionals, evaluating awareness and/or knowledge and/or consumption of folic acid both before and after intervention. Studies were excluded if data were not presented both before and after intervention or were other outcomes than those mentioned here. Data extraction. Data were extracted in relation to characteristics of studies, participants, interventions, and outcomes. Data synthesis. Because of heterogeneity, we performed a narrative synthesis describing the direction and the size of effects. Results. On average, women's awareness increased from 60% to 72%, knowledge from 21% to 45%, and consumption from 14% to 23%. Conclusions. Interventions had a positive effect on folic acid intakes before and during pregnancy, although the average usage reached less than 25%. So what? Further research is needed to design more effective interventions to increase periconceptional use of folic acid.