bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Music for Non-Music’s Sake
Authors: Lai Mei-Ling , Wang Jui-Ching 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Philosophical views supporting utilitarian functions of music can be found easily in the Western literature, such as those recommended by Plato in The Republic (Book III). These philosophical perspectives parallel Chinese thought regarding the function of music in cultivating an ideal person, often mentioned by Confucius (551‒479 BCE), which has influenced the development of music education in Taiwan. Contemporary Taiwanese history, defined by a series of political power shifts, reflects governmental responses to maximize educational benefits for the society. Utilitarian values are prominently embedded within many educational policies, despite changing political agendas and ideologies. The authors situate music education within the framework of utilitarian aesthetics to demonstrate how utilitarian values can lead to character building for the sake of cultural continuity, in order to maintain the highest state of civic harmony, a collective goal of the people in Taiwan since the end of World War II.
The Text of Hebrews and the Catholic Epistles
Authors: Kraus Thomas J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This essay surveys the major text-critical issues in the study of Hebrews and the Catholic Epistles. The relevant manuscript traditions and testimonies are presented, the method of textual criticism is briefly described, and a selection of the most important textual variants found in manuscripts of these writings are listed and discussed. It provides an overview of the attestation of the texts under discussion and a discussion of specific readings supplied by their manuscripts. The survey is not beholden to a particular method of textual criticism; however, the Coherence-Based Genealogical Method will be dealt with in some detail as it has already had a noticeable impact on the discipline. The discussion illustrates many of the results, the methodological challenges, and the refinement of results that will influence later editions of Nestle-Aland and volumes of the Editio Critica Maior of the Catholic Epistles published by the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung.
A Reception History of the Letter to the Hebrews
Authors: Whitlark Jason A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This essay considers four areas of Hebrews’ reception and influence among Christians from the second century through the post-Reformation period: how Hebrews was deployed in debates about apostasy and the readmittance of the lapsed in the patristic period and in the Reformed tradition; Hebrews’ influence on Christian speculation about Melchizedek, including the Greek Story of Melchizedek, the Syriac Cave of Treasures, and the ninth-century Palaea historica; various frameworks used to understand the humanity of Jesus in Hebrews, such as the two-nature Christology of Theodore of Mopsuestia and the exalted-human Christology of the Socinians; and art and literature that demonstrate engagement with Hebrews, such as art in Roman catacombs, the eucharistic art of San Vitale, Milton’s Paradise Lost, and Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress. The reception history of Hebrews shows that it has intrigued interpreters, enriched the church’s theology, provided a source of robust hope, and made sometimes unsettling demands of covenant loyalty.
Hebrews and the Question of Supersessionism
Authors: Church Philip 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This essay addresses the question of supersessionism in Hebrews. After discussing questions of definition and classification, it undertakes a survey of supersessionism in a selection of commentaries on Hebrews from Chrysostom to Robert Gordon. In suggesting a way forward, the essay considers the nature of Judaism and Christianity in the first century and the date of Hebrews and its occasion and recipients. It includes a brief exegetical treatment of Heb 8:6–13, a passage that suggests that the introduction of a second covenant means the abrogation of the first covenant with Israel. The essay concludes with a consideration of the notion of perfection in Hebrews and suggests that the book presents not the replacement but the renewal and transformation of Israel to enable unhindered access to God’s presence for all God’s people, in the past as also in the present. Jewish identity and ethnicity are compatible with allegiance to Christ. What is incompatible is a former covenant along with its associated cultus that was unable to achieve the perfection that Christ has achieved. What is superseded is not Israel but Israel’s religious system: the former covenant, with its temple and its sacrifices, as the Jewish Scriptures anticipated.
The Ecclesiology of the Catholic Epistles
Authors: Downs David J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This essay considers three questions: How is the church’s identity depicted in the writings of the Catholic Epistles? What is the work and/or mission of the church in the Catholic Epistles? What, if anything, is indicated or implied about the ordering and structures of the church? The essay considers these questions with regard to each of the seven writings that make up this group of letters. Thus, the inquiry is framed in literary-theological terms and focuses on the presentation of “church” within the letters, rather than dwelling on histories behind the texts. The final section contains a brief reflection on the ecclesiology of the Catholic Epistles in light of their canonical form and placement. Attention is given to an influential, if not also problematic and now somewhat dated, analytical framework for the ecclesiology of these writings, that is, the contested category of “early Catholicism.”
Physical and Causal Concepts
Authors: Hankinson R. J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines Galen’s theory of elements and mixtures and its relation to his understanding of the concepts of causes, powers (dunameis), and activities (energeiai) and aims to offer a coherent synthesis of Galen’s views in these areas. It situates Galen’s causal and physical theories in their contemporary intellectual context and in relation to their main historical antecedents, both philosophical (Aristotle, Atomists, Stoics) and medical (“Hippocrates,” Empiricists, Methodists). It discusses the significance of these core concepts for Galen’s rationalist project of scientific enquiry and for his diagnostic and clinical practice and discusses Galen’s account of their epistemic status. It explores the interrelationship of these concepts within his overall account of the physical world and of the composition of the human body.
Pharmacology
Authors: Singer P. N. , Martelli Matteo , Raggetti Lucia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pharmacology constitutes a huge and significantly under-researched part of Galen’s work, representing roughly one-seventh of his enormous written output. It also accounts for a major part of his significance and influence in later centuries, in many periods and socio-medical contexts and through a wide variety of pathways of transmission. The aim of the present chapter is threefold. First, it gives a theoretical overview, looking at the nature and scope of Galen’s pharmacological texts and at the theory that they expound, placing this theory in relation to the previous and contemporary pharmacological tradition. Secondly, it considers Galen’s pharmaceutical practice, exemplified by his use of both “simple drugs” and recipes. Finally, it explores the significance and influence of his pharmacological work in later centuries, focusing on the particular example of the early Arabo-Islamic tradition.
Galen on Food, Diet, and the Healthy Life
Authors: Wilkins John 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Galen inherited strong theories of the environment and nutrition from the Hippocratic authors and from numerous predecessors whom he had researched closely. Nutrition for Galen comprised a third of medical practice, along with drugs and surgery, and was integrated with pharmacology in his major treatise Simple Drugs, and with health and well-being in social contexts in his Health. His treatise devoted to nutrition, The Capacities of Foodstuffs, considers foods as eaten in the daily diet. Nutrition was an area of active research for Galen, who reports many experiments and observations taken from his patients and their diets.
Galen
Authors: Boudon-Millot Véronique 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
After his early studies in Pergamum, where he was born in 129, Galen trained with the best physicians and philosophers in Smyrna, Corinth, and Alexandria before returning to his hometown, where he served as physician to the gladiators. Building on his early medical successes, particularly with the treatment of wounds (reflecting his excellent anatomical knowledge), he moved to Rome, where he treated some of the most influential citizens of his time, including the emperor Marcus Aurelius himself. His medical corpus, written entirely in Greek, including many commentaries on a vast number of Hippocratic treatises, was by far the most significant in antiquity in terms of both the mass of accumulated knowledge and the range of subjects covered: anatomy, physiology, therapeutics, hygiene, nosology, sphygmology, and pharmacology, but also philosophy, ethics, and lexicology.
Galen in the Late Imperial and Early Byzantine Periods
Authors: Salazar Christine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Although Galen left instructions on how to study his works, these did not determine how his writings were approached after his death. They soon became the object of commentaries and of epitomes and compilations. In the course of the roughly five centuries between Galen’s lifetime and the seventh century, Galen’s writings came to occupy an increasingly important role in medical education. The three encyclopedists Oribasius, Aetius, and Paul produced increasingly succinct and practice-oriented versions, playing down the theoretical side of his medicine. Together with material produced in Alexandria for the teaching of medicine, these compilations reshaped Galen’s legacy to create Galenism.
Galenus Chirurgus
Authors: Bliquez Lawrence J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses surgeries actually performed and perhaps performed by Galen. These range from cupping to heavy-duty interventions like trepanning, excision of growths, lithotomy, and suturing of an abdominal wound, a process called gastrorrhaphia. His cautious approach to executing any surgical intervention is emphasized. In general, it seems he avoided surgeries when he could, preferring to heal pharmaceutically and by adjustments to lifestyle. Also explored are the circumstances under which he worked and locations that he used or may have used. Consideration will also be given to the instruments at his disposal and to innovations he made by passing wax models on to bronze-smiths for forging.
The Historiography of the South African Sports Boycott
Authors: Jacobs Sean 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
There is now a broad consensus that sports were central to the projects of imperialism, colonialism, and apartheid in South Africa, but that sports boycotts also played a significant part in apartheid’s downfall. The foundational histories of the sports boycott researched and written during apartheid are derived from two different but interrelated sources: accounts by leaders and activists and those by activist-academics and researchers. The second group included professional historians, political scientists, sociologists, and journalists. Since the late 1990s and into the first decades of the next century, revisionist histories of aspects of the sports boycott began to proliferate, revisiting events in major sports like the Olympic games, rugby, cricket, and soccer but also uncovering the histories of marginal sports. The work is, however, relegated largely to subfields like international and diplomatic history, conference sections on the history of sports, specialist journals, or via the revival of the memoir as a genre.
Evolving Sectoral Structures in Africa
Authors: Verhoef Grietjie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Africa’s economies have long been dominated by primary industries, and the distribution of economic activity into secondary and tertiary industries has lagged behind that of most other regions. Beginning in the early 21st century, however, changes in the global environment and in African policymaking and business activity have been accelerating the pace of change in the sectoral distribution of Africa’s diverse economies. The opportunities provided by new information and communications technologies and the global shift to service industries have opened new possibilities for African countries. The chapter puts these recent developments into their historical context by tracing the changing sectoral dynamics in African economies. The discussion will focus on the policies and impact of colonial regimes and developmental efforts since the 1960s.
EMDR Therapy, Mindfulness, and Posttraumatic Growth
Authors: Marich Jamie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Mindfulness heavily influenced Dr. Shapiro as she developed EMDR therapy and it constitutes the foundation of the standard EMDR protocol. Many scholars and practitioners also accept that mindfulness, described as the practice of returning to or remaining in the present moment without judgment, is one of the mechanisms of action for successful EMDR. Mindfulness is the heart of Buddhist meditation, although the ubiquitous phenomenon for healing and growth presents in many spiritual traditions throughout the globe and can also be practiced in a secular context. This chapter explores various approaches to mindfulness and explains its true meaning for EMDR therapists. Such knowledge will allow them to appreciate more fully EMDR history, the EMDR standard protocol, and the importance of working with mindfulness practices in all phases of EMDR therapy. A case is also made for how cultivating a personal mindfulness practice is imperative throughout training and development as practitioners of EMDR therapy.
Referrals
Authors: Bricker Benjamin , Carrubba Clifford J. , Gabel Matthew J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses and provides a thorough review of scholarship on judicial referrals. The scholarship on referrals has grown tremendously in the twenty-first century, with most of that scholarly work focusing on the Court of Justice of the European Union and its preliminary reference procedure. Within this growing area of study there are several major areas of research: (i) why national courts and judges file references; (ii) why and how private litigants seek out CJEU referrals; and (iii) how the CJEU uses and participates in the preliminary reference system. The chapter also examines the scholarship focusing on other international courts, as well as the less-developed literature examining how ordinary and/or lower courts within national legal systems use referral processes. After a brief overview of referrals, the chapter begins by examining the major questions posed in the CJEU preliminary reference literature, the most developed literature and research on referrals. It concludes with some thoughts on the scholarship on referrals in other major international courts and national court systems.
How Did the Nos’ei Kelim (“Arms-Bearers”) Read Shulhan Arukh?
Authors: Samet Noam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Almost immediately upon the publication of Shulhan Arukh, a rich and complex exegetical literature, called the nos’ei kelim (“arms-bearers”) literature, developed around it. This article examines the process by which the nos’ei kelim developed and their complex relationship with Shulhan Arukh. The commentaries of the nos’ei kelim played a prominent role in the canonization of Shulhan Arukh and contributed greatly to its reception and centrality. At the same time, they also subvert the primary goal of Shulhan Arukh—to serve as a concise and straightforward code of halakhah—by reverting to conditions of open halakhic debate that entails talmudic exegesis—as was commonly practiced in the Ashkenazic academies. The chapter also addresses how the format of the printed page of Shulhan Arukh evolved over recent centuries. This enables us to see how the nos’ei kelim influenced the reframing of halakhic discourse in the modern era.
Back to Sound School
Authors: St. John Matt , Hoyt Eric , Sapienza Stephanie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Practitioners and defenders of contemporary National Public Radio (NPR) programs have often pushed back against generalizations about “NPR voice” by contrasting their work to earlier educational broadcasting, characterized as authoritative, monotonous, and lecture oriented. This chapter’s central research questions respond to this debate: Is the dismissive characterization how educational radio really sounded? What other approaches to soundwork were used and forgotten? To answer these questions, the chapter utilizes the Unlocking the Airwaves database—an online collection that links the papers and recordings of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. By analyzing a range of programs and programming documents, primarily from the 1950s, this chapter stresses the aesthetic variety that existed in this period, even as most educational radio lacked diversity in the types of voices it shared with audiences. Ultimately, the chapter argues that the aesthetics of educational broadcasting are too varied and complex to reduce to a singular voice.
Finding Queer Soundwork
Authors: Copeland Stacey 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Over the decades, community radio has played a key role in queer activism: as entertainment, a political project, a community space, and part of a larger queer information infrastructure. Radio shows such as The Lesbian Show and Dykes on Mykes offer a glimpse into a lesbian feminist past in which “visibility”—or in this case “audibility”—was key to establishing political rights and social education around women’s sexuality. At the same time, listening to these shows is not so different from listening to a queer podcast in the early twenty-first century. How might past practices of information activism in lesbian feminist media inform contemporary queer and feminist approaches to radio and podcasting? This feminist information study advocates for media scholars and practitioners alike to look to lesbian feminist radio practices of community safety, accountability, and discoverability as an activist media model toward more equitable future queer and feminist media world-making.
Late-Night Talk Radio in Post-Mao China
Authors: Lei Wei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The late-night talk radio show has been a feature of the Chinese urban radio soundscape for more than three decades. Although such shows have declined in popularity since the late 2000s, in recent years they have been revived in digital format. Audio programs under the tag of “night listening” have blossomed in the Chinese digital space. Late-night talk radio shows are easily accessible on audio platforms. An analysis of the evolution of late-night radio talk shows in China can help in understanding the economic and social transformations that have reoriented Chinese individuals to seek intimacy and emotional liberty. This chapter explores the role of late-night talk radio shows in the negotiation and formation of a new emotional regime in post-Mao China. It also discusses the continuities and changes in the production of Chinese radio shows and their impact on audiences from the telecommunication age to the digital age.
The Campus Radio Music Library in the Streaming Music Era
Authors: Fauteux Brian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter profiles the Canadian campus radio music library and its role as an advocate of local and diverse music in an era of streaming music and corporate media dominance. Campus radio music libraries are rooted in place, decentralized, and often include a diversity of artists (particularly by comparison to commercial and public radio). But these libraries are also often informal and incomplete, and no one station takes the same approach to building its collection. Using results from a survey distributed to stations about their libraries and acquisition practices, this chapter argues for the need to sustain studio space to facilitate connections between people, music, and a given locality and its music scene. Documenting campus radio history and practice is a pressing issue as some stations face cuts to funding and space and because music programmed and collected by campus stations is not always available via more mainstream outlets.
British Radio Drama and the Theater
Authors: Chignell Hugh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The multifaceted relationship between theater and audio drama grew in significance during the COVID-19 pandemic. As theaters closed, stage plays moved to radio or online, and some playwrights turned to radio and podcasting. This chapter examines theater and radio drama at the BBC over the past one hundred years. In the prewar period, stage classics dominated radio drama, particularly Shakespeare. The golden age of British radio drama in the 1950s and early 1960s was characterized by a move to plays written for radio, but some of the most successful were adaptations, including the work of Ibsen and Ionesco. Some playwrights chose not to transition from radio to the stage, including Giles Cooper and Rhys Adrian. Caryl Churchill, whose career is considered here, wrote successfully for both. This chapter serves to encourage scholars to reconsider the importance and achievements of adapted stage plays at a time when the theater is under threat.
Elijah and Elisha
Authors: Suzie Park Song-Mi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter, which offers a synchronic reading of 2 Kgs 2, argues that the mimicry in the narratives about Elisha and Elijah and, in particular, the portrayal of these prophets as doubles serves multiple theological and literary purposes. First, these narratives legitimate Elisha as Elijah’s successor by depicting him as a copy or double of Elijah and as part of a heritage of duplicating prophets in the lineage of Moses. Second, through this depiction and emphasis on doubles, these stories assert that Yhwh—the deity of these prophets—is the ultimate duplicator. Third, in so doing, these narratives affirm Yhwh’s uniqueness and authority as the true storm deity over against the false storm god Baal.
Hezekiah and Josiah
Authors: Handy Lowell K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter illustrates the manner in which the kings Hezekiah and Josiah are presented in the narrative of Kings as the honorable heirs to David in the final period of the kingdom of Judah. Together they provide the literary highlights of the culmination of the text of Kings. The pair are both described as the most righteous of kings; one representing faith and one obedience. The central stories for the two rulers continue and relate to the presentation of rulers and religion in the work as a whole. Hezekiah’s wavering faith is illuminated in the confrontation between Sennacherib and Yhwh through which steadfast reliance on Yhwh prevails. Josiah’s obedience to the proper cult is presented as a thorough religious rectification subsequent to hearing written directions.
Recent Issues in History
Authors: Frevel Christian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A far-reaching reign of David and Solomon is not very likely for the early first millennium in the general development of the southern Levant, and there is no extrabiblical evidence for the assumption of a United Monarchy. Against this background, this chapter outlines an alternative view. In stark contrast to the biblical view, it is shown that Judah was ruled by the Omrides and Nimshides in the ninth and eighth centuries BCE and was never truly independent. Judah was a subsidiary kingdom of Israel, ruled temporarily as a secundogeniture. This better explains the striking sameness of names of the Judahite and Israelite kings in the ninth century BCE.