bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of Finite Difference Discretizations of Multi-Physics Interface Conditions
Authors: Sjögreen Björn , Banks Jeffrey W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe consider multi-physics computations where the Navier-Stokes equations of compressible fluid flow on some parts of the computational domain are coupled to the equations of elasticity on other parts of the computational domain. The different subdomains are separated by well-defined interfaces. We consider time accurate computations resolving all time scales. For such computations, explicit time stepping is very efficient. We address the issue of discrete interface conditions between the two domains of different physics that do not lead to instability, or to a significant reduction of the stable time step size. Finding such interface conditions is non-trivial.We discretize the problem with high order centered difference approximations with summation by parts boundary closure. We derive L2 stable interface conditions for the linearized one dimensional discretized problem. Furthermore, we generalize the interface conditions to the full non-linear equations and numerically demonstrate their stable and accurate performance on a simple model problem. The energy stable interface conditions derived here through symmetrization of the equations contain the interface conditions derived through normal mode analysis by Banks and Sjögreen in [8] as a special case.
Planning Wheelchair Service Provision in Motor Neurone Disease: Implications for Service Delivery and Commissioning
Authors: Rolfe Jenny 
Published: June 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify a timeline for mapping the different types of wheelchair used by people with motor neurone disease (MND) from diagnosis to death. It also reviewed the use of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS) and the site of disease onset as predictors of wheelchair need and how this could influence commissioning and service delivery. Method: Retrospective data were collected from a clinical database to map when different types of wheelchair were provided to 62 people with MND from diagnosis to death. ALSFRS and site of disease onset were identified when each wheelchair was issued. Findings: The average number of months between diagnosis and the provision of different wheelchairs and death are mapped on a timeline. Higher ALSFRS scores indicate that wheelchairs that are less supportive are required and lower scores indicate that more supportive and complex wheelchairs are required. People with bulbar-onset disease need each type of wheelchair more rapidly than people with limb-onset disease. Conclusion: The timeline could be used by wheelchair services to map the likely intervention and resources required for their MND population. The use of ALSFRS scores and the site of onset of disease on referrals into wheelchair services can further help to predict the likely course of need.
Group Decision Making in an Intersectoral Mental Health Community Partnership
Authors: Basiletti Mari , Townsend Elizabeth 
Published: June 2012

Background: In a major Canadian jurisdiction that includes several regions, an intersectoral working group with community partners was formed to enable change in systems and policies for individuals with serious and persistent mental illness. The top priority of the working group was housing. Purpose: The study explored how the working group members experienced decision-making power in their efforts to enable change in housing policies. Method: The research used a qualitative single-case design to study the decision-making processes as experienced by the group members. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews, two focus groups and review of key public documents. The data were analysed using the constant comparative method, with critical reflection on group decision making and the contextual influences of system-level policies. Group members contributed to the analysis. Findings: Amid positive experiences of working together, group members experienced challenges related to power differentials between service providers, government personnel and consumers, and the impact of the systemic environment on the group processes. Implications: Implications are raised for occupational therapy education and practice, and for studying group decision making as an occupation.
What Do People with Multiple Sclerosis Want from an Occupational Therapy Service?
Authors: Preston Jenny , Haslam Simon , Lamont Lynn 
Published: June 2012

Aim: This study aimed to understand how people with multiple sclerosis (MS) experienced a local occupational therapy service and to identify what they would want from future services. Method: The data from this qualitative programme evaluation were generated through nine focus groups, including 30 people with a clinically definite diagnosis of MS, 10 partners/carers of people with MS and six occupational therapy staff. Findings: The findings evolved within four key themes: comprehension of occupational therapy; assessment and interventions; home visits; and levels of support. Although occupational therapy was not initially well understood, comprehension developed with greater use of the service. Nevertheless, significant challenges exist in providing therapeutic programmes that offer meaning and purpose within the lives of people with MS while ensuring flexibility and choice. Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a possible distinction between what occupational therapists believe people with MS want and what they and their partners/carers do want. People with MS and their partners/carers, therefore, have a meaningful contribution to make and should be involved in the future development of occupational therapy services.
Investigating Sensory Processing Patterns in Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Using the Sensory Profile
Authors: Backhouse Mathilde , Harding Leith , Rodger Sylvia , Hindman Natalie 
Published: June 2012

Objectives: This exploratory study investigated the sensory processing patterns of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) using the Sensory Profile. It was hypothesised that this group would be different to a typically developing sample of American children in the normative sample of the Sensory Profile. In doing so, the utility of the Sensory Profile for a sample of boys with DMD was investigated. Method: Data were gathered from the caregivers of 37 boys with DMD living in Australia, using the Sensory Profile Caregiver Questionnaire. The means of the DMD boys were compared with the means of American boys without disabilities. Results: Boys with DMD were different to the normative sample in the Auditory processing section, two of the five sections in the Modulation domain ( Movement affecting activity level and Sensory input affecting emotional responses) and two of the three sections in the Behaviour and Emotional Responses domain ( Emotional/ social responses and Behavioural outcomes of sensory processing). Conclusion: This sample of boys with DMD may have had specific areas of sensory processing difficulties. Further research is needed to identify a more suitable tool for the assessment of children with DMD and to examine further the sensory patterns of boys with DMD.
Meaning Making through Occupations and Occupational Roles: A Heuristic Study of Worker-Writer Histories
Authors: Ikiugu Moses , Pollard Nick , Cross Audrey , Willer Megan , Everson Jenna , Stockland Jeanie 
Published: June 2012

Introduction: Occupations are recognised in occupational therapy and occupational science literature as vehicles to meaning and wellbeing. Yet, the question of how they are used to create meaning has not been investigated exhaustively. In this study, the researchers explored the life histories of worker-writers in the United Kingdom. These writers considered themselves as representatives of the most numerous but marginalised social class. The researchers considered how the worker-writers derived life meaning from their occupations and occupational roles. Method: Using heuristic research methods, 34 published autobiographies were analysed to elicit themes illuminating how meaning was created by the worker-writers through occupations and occupational roles. Results: Five themes emerged from the analysis. Worker-writers created meaning by engaging in occupations and occupational roles that fostered family life and other meaningful relationships; a sense of control over their lives; meaningful leisure pursuits; a contribution to or connection to greater causes; and a sense of wellbeing. Conclusion: No claims are being made in this study about the generalisability of the findings to clinical practice. However, occupational therapists may consider exploring ways of helping clients engage in occupations reflecting themes that emerged from the study, as a way of helping them to reconstruct their lives following life-changing events or conditions.
Design and Development of a Landmines Removal Robot
Authors: Hemapala K.T.M.U. , Razzoli Roberto P. 
Published: June 2012

Humanitarian demining is a calamity of war affecting many third world countries. Mines are cheap weapons, built to sustain horrible injuries that target active people with a knock-on effect upon economic growth. The clearing is time consuming and expensive. Clearing is an engineering duty and the humanitarian goal is a technical challenge. Advanced robotics fulfils this task cleanly and reliably on the condition that upgrades and cost are met, meaning that they lose third-world appropriateness. The challenge is to turn local machines and awareness into effective robotic aids, willingly used by the local people, and to enhance the on-going outcomes. The solution to the demining problem shall be a low cost robotic outfit with resort to nearby available resources and competences (e.g., drawn from the local agricultural machinery and know-how). This paper discusses an ongoing project that aims to develop a low-cost robot with intelligent remote-command abilities, as a cheap productivity upgrading, assembled from standard farming devices, through the shared know-how and commitment of locally involved operators. During the study, the authors have developed a low-cost robot capable of removing mines. The robot consists of modified agricultural components including its mobile carrier and the mine effector.
Optimization of Watt's Six-Bar Linkage to Generate Straight and Parallel Leg Motion
Authors: Mehdigholi Hamid , Akbarnejad Saeed 
Published: June 2012

This paper considers optimal synthesis of a special type of four-bar linkages. Combination of this optimal four-bar linkage with on of it's cognates and elimination of two redundant cognates will result in a Watt's six-bar mechanism, which generates straight and parallel motion. This mechanism can be utilized for legged machines. The advantage of this mechanism is that the leg remains straight during it's contact period and because of it's parallel motion, the legs can be as wide as desired to increase contact area and decrease the number of legs required to keep body's stability statically and dynamically. “Genetic algorithm” optimization method is used to find optimal lengths. It is especially useful for problems like the coupler curve equation which are completely nonlinear or extremely difficult to solve.
Development of a Computational Simulation Model for Conflict Management in Team Building
Authors: Wang W. M. , Ting S. L. 
Published: June 2012

Conflict management is one of the most important issues in leveraging organizational competitiveness. However, traditional social scientists built theories or models in this area which were mostly expressed in words and diagrams are insufficient. Social science research based on computational modeling and simulation is beginning to augment traditional theory building. Simulation provides a method for people to try their actions out in a way that is cost effective, faster, appropriate, flexible, and ethical. In this paper, a computational simulation model for conflict management in team building is presented. The model is designed and used to explore the individual performances related to the combination of individuals who have a range of conflict handling styles, under various types of resources and policies. The model is developed based on agent-based modeling method. Each of the agents has one of the five conflict handling styles: accommodation, compromise, competition, contingency, and learning. There are three types of scenarios: normal, convex, and concave. There are two types of policies: no policy, and a reward and punishment policy. Results from running the model are also presented. The simulation has led us to derive two implications concerning conflict management. First, a concave type of resource promotes competition, while convex type of resource promotes compromise and collaboration. Second, the performance ranking of different styles can be influenced by introducing different policies. On the other hand, it is possible for us to promote certain style by introducing different policies.
Tidal Power in the UK and Worldwide to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Hammons T. J. 
Published: June 2012

This paper discusses the role of Tidal Power in the UK in fulfilling the UK's requirements for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Generating electricity from tidal range of the Severn Estuary has the potential to generate some 5% of UK electricity from a renewable indigenous resource. The paper focuses primarily on the proposed Severn Barrage considering potential benefits, conditions for sustainable development, energy policy context and compliance with environment legislation. UK tidal resource is reviewed: stream resource (that is KE contained in fast-flowing tidal currents), and tidal range resource (that refers to gravitation potential energy). The top tidal range and tidal stream sites in the UK with the resource (in TWh/year) are indicated. A feasibility study for Tidal Range development in the Mersey Estuary is also summarised and other schemes including the Loughor Estuary (Wales), Duddon Estuary (located on the Cumbrian coast) and the Thames Estuary proposals are reported. Also given is a strategic overview of the Severn Estuary resource, electric output and characteristics, carbon emissions (carbon payback and carbon reduction potential) and physical implications of a barrage.
Filamin A mutation associated with normal reading skills and dyslexia in a family with periventricular heterotopia
Authors: Reinstein Eyal , Chang Bernard S. , Robertson Stephen P. , Rimoin David L. , Katzir Tami 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPeriventricular heterotopia (PH) is a disorder of neuronal migration during fetal development that is characterized by morphologically normal neurons being located in an anatomically abnormal position in the mature brain. PH is usually diagnosed in patients presenting with a seizure disorder, when neuroimaging demonstrates the ectopically placed nodules of neurons. PH is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disorder. The most commonly identified genetic cause is the X‐linked dominant inheritance of mutations in the Filamin A (FLNA) gene. Multiple lines of evidence support the contribution of genetic factors in dyslexia. As dyslexia does not show a single‐gene pattern of inheritance, it is classified as a complex genetic disorder. We have recently identified a specific reading fluency deficit in a variable group of patients with PH, in the context of normal intelligence. Here, we present a study of a mother–daughter pair who share bilateral widespread gray matter heterotopia caused by a novel mutation in FLNA and the same pattern of X‐chromosome inactivation but who exhibit divergent reading and cognitive profiles. This novel observation highlights the uncertainty of using heterotopia anatomy in clinical practice to predict behavioral outcome. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bite Force Estimation and the Fiber Architecture of Felid Masticatory Muscles
Authors: Hartstone‐Rose Adam , Perry Jonathan M. G. , Morrow Caroline J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIncreasingly, analyses of craniodental dietary adaptations take into account mechanical properties of foods. However, masticatory muscle fiber architecture has been described for relatively few lineages, even though an understanding of the scaling of this anatomy can yield important information about adaptations for stretch and strength in the masticatory system. Data on the mandibular adductors of 28 specimens from nine species of felids representing nearly the entire body size range of the family allow us to evaluate the influence of body size and diet on the masticatory apparatus within this lineage. Masticatory muscle masses scale isometrically, tending toward positive allometry, with body mass and jaw length. This allometry becomes significant when the independent variable is a geometric mean of cranial variables. For all three body size proxies, the physiological cross‐sectional area and predicted bite forces scale with significant positive allometry. Average fiber lengths (FL) tend toward negative allometry though with wide confidence intervals resulting from substantial scatter. We believe that these FL residuals are affected by dietary signals within the sample; though the mechanical properties of felid diets are relatively similar across species, the most durophagous species in our sample (the jaguar) appears to have relatively higher force production capabilities. The more notable dietary trend in our sample is the relationship between FL and relative prey size: felid species that predominantly consume relatively small prey have short masticatory muscle fibers, and species that regularly consume relatively large prey have relatively long fibers. This suggests an adaptive signal related to gape. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensory and Autonomic Neurons Project Both to the Smooth Retractor Penis and to the Striated Bulbospongiosus Muscles. Neurochemical Features of the Sympathetic Subset
Authors: Botti Maddalena , Gazza Ferdinando , Ragionieri Luisa , Minelli Luisa Bo , Panu Rino 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim of the present study was to verify, by means of double retrograde neuronal tracers technique, the hypothesis that a subpopulation of sensory and autonomic neurons send collateral axons to both smooth and striated genital muscles. We also wanted to define the neurochemical content of the eventually retrogradelly double labeled (RDL) neurons in the sympathetic trunk ganglia (STG). We used six intact pigs and we injected the tracer Diamidino Yellow (DY) in the smooth left retractor penis muscle (RPM) and the tracer Fast Blue (FB) in the striated left bulbospongiosus muscle (BSM). Rare (2 ± 0.6) RDL neurons were found in the ipsilateral S2 spinal ganglion (SG), 220 ± 42 in the ipsilateral STGs, from L3 to S3, 19 ± 15 in the contralateral S1–S2 ones and 22 ± 5 in the bilateral caudal mesenteric ganglia (CMG). The RDL neurons of the STG were IR for TH (85 ± 13%), DβH (69 ± 17%), NPY (69 ± 23%), nNOS (60 ± 11%), LENK (54 ± 19%), VIP (53±26%), SOM (40 ± 8%), CGRP (34 ± 12%), SP (31 ± 16%), and VAChT (28 ± 3%). Our research highlights the presence of sensory and sympathetic neurons with qualitatively different neurochemical content sending axons both to the smooth RPM and to the striated BSM of the pig. These RDL neurons are likely to project to the smooth vasal musculature to create the ideal physiological conditions in which these muscles can optimize the erectile function. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and luminescence properties of two novel lanthanide (III) complexes of acetophenonylcarboxymethyl sulphoxide
Authors: Li Wen‐Xian , Liu Yu , Li Ying‐Jie , Feng Shu‐Yan , Zhang Jing , Ao Bo‐Yang , Sun Xiao‐Jun , Saiji Lahu 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTA novel ligand containing multiple coordinating groups (sulfinyl, carboxyl and carbonyl groups), acetophenonylcarboxymethyl sulphoxide, was synthesized. Its corresponding two lanthanide (III) binary complexes were synthesized and characterized by element analysis, molar conductivity, FT‐IR, TG‐DTA and UV spectroscopy. Results showed that the composition of these complexes was REL3L‐ (ClO4)2·3H2O (RE = Eu (III), Tb (III); L = C6H5COCH2SOCH2COOH; L‐ = C6H5COCH2SOCH2COO‐). FT‐IR results indicated that acetophenonylcarboxymethyl sulphoxide was bonded with an RE (III) ion by an oxygen atom of the sulfinyl and carboxyl groups and not by an oxygen atom of the carbonyl group due to high steric hinderance. Fluorescent spectra showed that the Tb (III) complex had excellent luminescence as a result of a transfer of energy from the ligand to the excitation state energy level (5D4) of Tb (III). The Eu (III) complex displayed weak luminescence, attributed to low energy transfer efficiency between the triplet state energy level of its ligand and the excited state (5D0) of Eu (III). As a result, the Tb (III) complex displayed a good antenna effect for luminescence. The fluorescence decay curves of Eu (III) and Tb (III) complexes were also measured. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Echocardiographic Serial Changes of Hypertensive Cardiomyopathy With Severely Reduced Ejection Fraction: Comparison With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Park Dae‐Gyun , Kim Sung‐Eun , Lee Jun‐Hee , Han Kyoo‐Rok , Oh Dong‐Jin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:Hypertensive cardiomyopathy with reduced ejection fraction (HTCMREF) is known as an important cause of reversible cardiomyopathy, but its serial changes on echocardiography is yet to be elucidated.Hypothesis:HTCMREF on serial echocardiography has distinctive points as compared to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (idDCM).Methods:We retrospectively studied 18 hypertensive patients (mean age, 63 ± 13 years, 56% women) admitted with severe left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and heart failure. We compared clinical characteristics and echocardiographic parameters at admission and follow‐up between the patients with HTCMREF and 18 age‐matched patients with idDCM. Left ventricular mass (LVM) and left atrial volume (LAV) were calculated by a formula using echocardiographic measurement.Results:In HTCMREF, left ventricular ejection fraction improved to 52.3 ± 8.8% during a mean follow‐up of 574 days. In HTCMREF, initial left atrial diameter was greater than in idDCM (43.6 ± 5.8 mm vs 38.9 ± 6.3, p = 0.027). At follow‐up, LAV index decreased in HTCMREF (from 31.9 ± 8.3 mL/m2 to 21.0 ± 8.9, P < 0.001), as opposed to a significant increase in idDCM (from 28.5 ± 10.9 mL/m2 to 31.9 ± 8.3, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in initial LVM index between the 2 groups, but only in HTCMREF did LVM index decrease significantly (151.4 ± 42.1 g/m2 from 192.2 ± 43.7, P < 0.01) at follow‐up. In HTCMREF, LV wall on M‐mode was thicker than in idDCM.Conclusions:Hypertensive cardiomyopathy with severe LV systolic dysfunction might be characterized by eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy and enlarged left atrium in comparison with idDCM. Clin. Cardiol. 2012 doi: 10.1002/clc.22012The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.