bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ermittlung des Aufbaus und der Stoffkennwerte von erdberührten Außenbauteilen mit Hilfe von In‐situ‐Messungen und FEM‐Berechnungen
Authors: Beißner Eckhard , Eilering Siegfried 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDie international und national formulierten Ziele zum Klimaschutz können nur unter Einbeziehung des energieeffizienten Bauens und Sanierens des Gebäudebestandes erreicht werden. Kenntnisse über den konstruktiven Aufbau und die Stoffkennwerte der wärmeübertragenden Außenbauteile sind Voraussetzungen für die energetische Bilanzierung von Gebäuden. Die dazu erforderlichen Angaben können, insbesondere bei älteren Bauwerken, den Bauunterlagen häufig nicht mehr entnommen werden, da sie nicht mehr auffindbar oder unvollständig sind. Am Beispiel einer Fußboden‐Sohlplattenkonstruktion wird gezeigt, dass die thermophysikalischen Eigenschaften mit In‐situ‐Messverfahren in Verbindung mit dem Einsatz von Referenzdämmschichten und einem Berechnungsansatz, der aus der Beziehung zur Bestimmung der Wärmestromdichte abgeleitet wurde, ermittelt werden können. Durch Simulationsrechnungen nach der FE‐Methode können die in Abhängigkeit von der Geometrie der Referenzdämmfläche auftretenden Fehler bei der Ermittlung der thermophysikalischen Kenngrößen erheblich verringert werden.Determination of the structure and material characteristics of outside components with soil contact utilizing in‐situ‐measurements and FEM calculations. The nationwide and international formulated aims to the climate protection can be achieved by combining of the energy‐efficient construction and rehabilitation of the existing buildings. Knowledge about the construction and the material identity values of the warmth‐transferring outside components are a condition for the energetic balance of buildings. The essential informations to this can´t frequently be taken from the construction documents particulary for older buildings since they are no longer traceable or incomplete. At the example of a floor tile construction it is shown that the thermophysical qualities can be determined by analytic relationship of heat flow density calculation with the help of in‐situ‐measuring procedure and reference insulation layer. By simulation calculation with the finite element method the deviations of determined thermophysical qualities dependency of the geometry of reference insulation layer can be considerably reduced.
Hepatic fibrosis does not affect the pharmacokinetics of 5‐fluorouracil in rats
Authors: Nagata Masashi , Hidaka Yumi , Hatakeyama Kinta , Kawano Yohei , Iwakiri Tomomi , Okumura Manabu , Arimori Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn the case of cancer chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) is used widely, and has typically been given by intrahepatic arterial (i.a.) infusion to increase treatment efficacy and to reduce systemic toxicity. 5‐Fluorouracil is eliminated primarily by the liver, and so its use in patients with hepatic disease can be difficult. This study investigated the effect of hepatic fibrosis on the pharmacokinetics of 5‐FU in rats. Experimental hepatic fibrosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride treatment. 5‐Fluorouracil was infused for 15 min into the hepatic artery or the saphenous vein of the rats at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg. There were no significant differences in the plasma concentration and AUC of 5‐FU between hepatic disease rats and their controls after both intravenous and intraarterial injection. This result is probably attributed to the fact that there were no significant differences in hepatic blood flow and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; an initial and rate‐limiting enzyme in 5‐FU catabolism) activity between hepatic disease rats and their controls, because the total clearance of 5‐FU after intravenous and intraarterial administration is mainly limited by hepatic blood flow and DPD activity, respectively. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of 5‐FU is not affected by hepatic fibrosis, unlike that of many hepatically metabolized drugs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How Uncertainty and Accountability can Derail Strategic ‘Save Life’ Decisions in Counter‐Terrorism Simulations: A Descriptive Model of Choice Deferral and Omission Bias
Authors: van den Heuvel Claudia , Alison Laurence , Crego Jonathan 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTThe present study sought to describe police officers' decision processes in simulated counter‐terrorism events. Based on previous phase models of decision making and existing police policy in dealing with critical incidents of this nature, a descriptive SAFE‐T (Situation Assessment, Formulate a plan, Execute a plan and Team learning) model was applied to team decision processes. Proximity and Lag Sequential analyses tested the occurrence of the predicted decision phases set out in the model; these results indicated that the model did not fully capture the complexity of the process. Specifically, further qualitative analyses (and comparisons to a ‘Gold Standard’ set of subject matter expert decisions, conducted with the benefit of removing ambient and time pressure stressors) illustrated that a complex combination of ambient (uncertainty), cognitive (accountability pressures) and organizational (an existing blame culture and lack of policy) factors ‘derailed’ officers from making ‘save life’ decisions. Instead, albeit in a minority of cases, they either made errors of omission by failing to make any decision at all or inappropriate choice deferrals (by insisting another agency made the decision or that the decision could be made later). The potential benefits of making the SAFE‐T decision process and how derailment can occur explicit in police critical incident training events are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion‐exchange resins greatly facilitate refolding of like‐charged proteins at high concentrations
Authors: Wang Guo‐Zhen , Dong Xiao‐Yan , Sun Yan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractProtein refolding is a crucial step for the production of therapeutic proteins expressed in bacteria as inclusion bodies. In vitro protein refolding is severely impeded by the aggregation of folding intermediates during the folding process, so inhibition of the aggregation is the most effective approach to high‐efficiency protein refolding. We have herein found that electrostatic repulsion between like‐charged protein and ion exchange gel beads can greatly suppress the aggregation of folding intermediates, leading to the significant increase of native protein recovery. This finding is extensively demonstrated with three different proteins and four kinds of ion‐exchange resins when the protein and ion‐exchange gel are either positively or negatively charged at the refolding conditions. It is remarkable that the enhancing effect is significant at very high protein concentrations, such as 4 mg/mL lysozyme (positively charged) and 2 mg/mL bovine serum albumin (negatively charged). Moreover, the folding kinetics is not compromised by the presence of the resins, so fast protein refolding is realized at high protein concentrations. It was not realistic by any other approaches. The working mechanism of the like‐charged resin is considered due to the charge repulsion that could induce oriented alignment of protein molecules near the charged surface, leading to the inhibition of protein aggregation. The molecular crowding effect induced by the charge repulsion may also contribute to accelerating protein folding. The refolding method with like‐charged ion exchangers is simple to perform, and the key material is easy to separate for recycling. Moreover, because ion exchangers can work as adsorbents of oppositely charged impurities, an operation of simultaneous protein refolding and purification is possible. All the characters are desirable for preparative refolding of therapeutic proteins expressed in bacteria as inclusion bodies. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1068–1077. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stability of a guest protein depends on stability of a host protein in insertional fusion
Authors: Pierre Brennal , Xiong Tina , Hayles Leonie , Guntaka Visweswara Reddy , Kim Jin Ryoun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractInsertional fusion between host and guest protein domains has been employed to create multi‐domain protein complexes displaying integrated and coupled functionalities. The effects of insertional fusion on the stability of a guest protein are however rather controversial. In the study described here, we examined whether the stability of inserted TEM1 beta‐lactamase (BLA), as a guest protein, might be affected by the stability of a maltodextrin‐binding protein (MBP), as a host protein. Our results indicate that expression levels and in vitro stability of the BLA domain were significantly higher when inserted into thermophilic MBP from Pyrococcus furiosus (PfMBP) compared to mesophilic MBP from Escherichia coli (EcMBP). Moreover, insertion into PfMBP at selected sites was found to improve thermal stability of the BLA domain without compromise in expression levels and BLA activity. Kinetic stabilization during prolonged thermal denaturation of the BLA domain was not guaranteed by insertion into PfMBP, but rather relied on the insertion sites. Taken together, we provide evidence that (i) the stability of the guest protein depended on the stability of the host protein in insertional fusion and (ii) insertion into PfMBP, at least at selected locations, can serve as a novel method of improving protein thermal stability. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1011–1020. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heparan sulfate: biological significance, tools for biochemical analysis and structural characterization
Authors: Malavaki Christina J. , Theocharis Achilleas D. , Lamari Fotini N. , Kanakis Ioannis , Tsegenidis Theodore , Tzanakakis George N. , Karamanos Nikos K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHeparan sulfate (HS) and heparin (HP) are functionally important glycosaminoglycans, which interact with a plethora of proteins and participate in several cellular events. They form specific proteoglycans, which are ubiquitously distributed at both extracellular and cellular levels. HS and HP chains vary in the sulfation pattern and the degree of C‐5 epimerization of d‐glucuronic acid to l‐iduronic acid. These modifications are not uniformly distributed within the chain, providing functional oligomeric domains interacting specifically with various effective proteins. The utilization of specific lyases and chemical depolymerization are the commonest procedures used for structural analysis. Di‐ and oligosaccharide composition of HS can be accurately and sensitively determined by HPLC, CE and MS. Ultraviolet detection is satisfactory enough for unsaturated saccharides and pre‐column derivatization with fluorophores and detection with laser‐induced fluorescence results in even higher sensitivity. Solid‐phase assays can also be used for monitoring interactions with other molecules. In this article the biological significance of HS and HP in health and disease as well as the portfolio of analytical methods that may help to a deeper understanding of their roles in various pathological processes is presented. Such methodologies are of crucial importance for disease diagnosis and the design of novel synthetic sugar‐based drugs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of β‐agonists by HPLC/ESI‐MSn in horse doping control
Authors: Garcia P. , Paris A.‐C. , Gil J. , Popot M.‐A. , Bonnaire Y. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA sensitive method using LC/ESI‐MSn has been developed on a quadrupole linear ion trap mass analyser for the detection of nine β2 agonists (cimaterol, clenbuterol, fenoterol, formoterol, mabuterol, terbutaline, ractopamine, salbutamol and salmeterol) in horse urine. The method consists of solid‐phase extraction on CSDAU cartridges before analysis by LC/ESI‐MSn. The efficiency of extraction combined with the sensitivity and the selectivity of MSn allowed the detection of these compounds at pg/mL levels. Administration studies of fenoterol and formoterol are reported and show their possible detection after inhalation. The method is applicable for screening and confirmatory analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Process control kits: A hardware and software resource
Authors: Moor S. Scott , Piergiovanni Polly R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractInexpensive and flexible process control kits were developed that allow students to design, implement, and test control systems in the classroom. Students can construct a variety of flow processes using ${\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 3$}\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle {8}$}}$ in. tubing with “instant” connectors that allow process components to be snapped together quickly. The kits include a submersible pump, two tanks of different diameter, a static mixer, a relay switch box, and a control valve plus a variety of tubing, fittings, supports, and sensors. At the heart of the control system is the LEGO® NXT brick running RoboLAB software. This brick acts as an inexpensive A/D system that grabs student interest. The control system is then implemented on a PC using LabVIEW software. These hardware and software components allow students to conduct a variety of level, flow, and temperature control experiments. The software includes selection for active or passive sensors, linear calibration, and square root extraction allowing it to be easily adapted to a range of other LEGO sensors and systems. These kits have been used for both regular class experiments and for student open‐ended projects. Kits were evaluated based on an anonymous student survey, instructors' observations of student activities, and student performance. Student response to the Lego kit has been positive and instructors observed a high level of student engagement when using the kits. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 491–502, 2013
Modelling of the effective thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube nanofluids based on dimensionless groups
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Masoud , Moghadassi Abdolreza , Henneke Dale 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA model has been developed to predict the effective thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube (CNT) suspensions. This model uses a set of dimensionless groups based upon the properties of the base fluid, the CNT‐fluid interface, and characteristics of the nanotubes themselves, such as diameter, aspect ratio, and thermal conductivity. According to the model, the thermal conductivity of the CNT suspension increases in a nonlinear way as the CNT concentration is increased. The model is in good agreement with experimental data that was obtained for a series of CNT–R113 (Cl2FC‐CClF2) nanofluids.
Numerical and experimental analyses of anti‐fouling and heat transfer in the heat exchanger with circulating fluidized bed
Authors: Kang H. K. , Lee B. C. , Ahn S. W. , Choi J. W. , An S. H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFluidized bed type heat exchangers are known to increase the heat transfer and prevent the fouling. For proper design of circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger it is important to know the effect of design and operating parameters on the bed to the wall heat transfer coefficient. The numerical analysis by using CFX 11.0 commercial code was done for proper design of the heat exchanger. The present experimental studies were also conducted to investigate the effects of circulating solid particles on the characteristics of fluid flow, heat transfer, and cleaning effect in the fluidized bed vertical shell and tube type heat exchanger with counterflow, at which a variety of solid particles such as glass (3 mmØ), aluminum (2–3 mmØ), steel (2–2.5 mmØ), copper (2.5 mmØ), and sand (2–4 mmØ) were used in the fluidized bed with a smooth tube. Seven different solid particles have the same volume, and the effects of various parameters such as water flow rates, particle diameter, materials, and geometry were investigated. The present experimental and numerical results showed that the flow velocity range for collision of particles to the tube wall was higher with heavier density solid particles, and the increase in heat transfer was in the order of sand, copper, steel, aluminum, and glass. This behaviour might be attributed to the parameters such as surface roughness or particle heat capacity. Fouling examination using 25,500 ppm of ferric oxide (Fe2O3) revealed that the tube inside wall is cleaned by a mild and continuous scouring action of fluidized solid particles. The fluidized solid particles not only keep the surface clean, but they also breakup the boundary layer improving the heat transfer coefficient even at low‐fluid velocities.
Removal of solar red BA textile dye from aqueous solution by low cost barley husk: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study
Authors: Haq Imran‐ul , Bhatti Haq Nawaz , Asgher Mahwish 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe present study investigates the sorption potential of barley husk for the removal of solar red BA from aqueous solution. Sorption capacity, q (mg/g), of barley husk decreased with increasing initial dye concentration. The sorption equilibrium established within 90 min using 0.10 g biosorbent while it was prolonged to 135 min with increasing amount of biosorbent (0.25–0.50 g). The equilibrium data were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms at different biosorbent doses. The results indicated the applicability of Freundlich isotherm at low‐biosorbent dose. Pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model was found to be best fit to the biosorption data with three biosorbent doses. The equilibrium thermodynamic data for the adsorption of the dyes gave ΔG0 values −79.77 kJ/mol at 303 K indicated the process to be occurred spontaneously at low temperature. FTIR analysis and SEM imaging of biosorbent were also carried out.L'objectif de la présente étude est d'analyser le potentiel de sorption du son d'orge afin d'éliminer le BA rouge solaire contenu dans les solutions aqueuses. La capacité de sorption, q (mg/g), du son d'orge diminue lorsque les concentrations initiales de colorant augmentent. L'équilibre de sorption a été établi à 90 min en utilisant 0.10 g de biorsorbant, mais a été prolongé à 135 min avec une plus grande quantité de biorsorbant (0.25 à 0.50 g). Les données relatives à l'équilibre ont été harmonisées aux isothermes de Freundlich et Langmuir à différentes doses de biosorbant. Les résultats indiquent que l'isotherme de Freundlich est applicable avec de faibles doses de biosorbant. Selon les résultats, le modèle cinétique de pseudo‐second ordre correspond le mieux aux données de biosorption avec les trois doses de biosorbant. Les données de l'équilibre thermodynamique pour l'adsorption des colorants ont permis d'obtenir des valeurs de ΔG0 de −79.77 kJ/mol à 303 K, ce qui indique que le processus s'est déroulé spontanément à faible température. Des analyses FTIR et une imagerie par MEB des biosorbants ont également été réalisées. © 2010 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Current Awareness in Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging
Authors:   John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn order to keep subscribers up‐to‐date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging. Each bibliography is divided into 15 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; Contrast Agents: 3 Chemistry; 4 Technique; 5 Experimental; 6 Applications; Molecular Imaging: 7 Carbon; 8 Fluorine; 9 Gallium; 10 Hydrogen; 11 Indium; 12 Iodine; 13 Phosphorus; 14 Technetium; 15 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted.
Performance, optimization, and fitness: Connecting applications to architectures
Authors: Bhuiyan Mohammad A. , Smith Melissa C. , Pallipuram Vivek K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRecent trends involving multicore processors and graphical processing units (GPUs) focus on exploiting task‐ and thread‐level parallelism. In this paper, we have analyzed various aspects of the performance of these architectures including NVIDIA GPUs, and multicore processors such as Intel Xeon, AMD Opteron, IBM's Cell Broadband Engine. The case study used in this paper is a biological spiking neural network (SNN), implemented with the Izhikevich, Wilson, Morris–Lecar, and Hodgkin–Huxley neuron models. The four SNN models have varying requirements for communication and computation making them useful for performance analysis of the hardware platforms. We report and analyze the variation of performance with network (problem size) scaling, available optimization techniques and execution configuration. A Fitness performance model, that predicts the suitability of the architecture for accelerating an application, is proposed and verified with the SNN implementation results. The Roofline model, another existing performance model, has also been utilized to determine the hardware bottleneck(s) and attainable peak performance of the architectures. Significant speedups for the four SNN neuron models utilizing these architectures are reported; the maximum speedup of 574x was observed in our GPU implementation. Our results and analysis show that a proper match of architecture with algorithm complexity provides the best performance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Network analysis using a novel highly discriminating topological index
Authors: Diudea Mircea V. , Ilić Aleksandar , Varmuza Kurt , Dehmer Matthias 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWhen characterizing networks structurally, the discriminating ability of a topological measure (or also called index) is crucial. This relates to investigate its discrimination power (or also called uniqueness or degeneracy) that indicates how meaningful the given measure can distinguish nonisomorphic networks. In terms of biological and chemical graph analysis, a highly discriminative measure is desirable because it then has the ability to detect minor structural changes within the given network. In this article, the discriminating ability of a new super index based on Shell‐matrices and polynomials is tested using (real) atomic and synthetic structures. As a result, the new descriptor can distinguish all graphs uniquely. We emphasize that some molecular descriptors which are embedded in the super index have already shown excellent correlating ability with alkanes properties. In view of the fact that most of the existing topological graph measures are degenerated, the new super index seems to be a good starting point for performing further studies in the context of network analysis. In the future, we also intent to use other sets of networks, for instance molecular graphs, to further examine the index and its meaning. In particular, we emphasize that only those indices which possess low computational complexity do have the potential to be applied for analyzing complex systems properly. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2011