bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intense Convection Observed by NASA ER-2 in Hurricane Emily (2005)
Authors: Cecil Daniel J. , Quinlan Kevin R. , Mach Douglas M. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
On 17 July, intense convection in the eyewall of Hurricane Emily (2005) was observed by the high-altitude (∼20 km) NASA ER-2 aircraft. Analysis of this convection is undertaken using downward-looking radar, passive microwave radiometer, electric field mills, and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-11 (GOES-11) rapid-scan infrared imagery. Radar data show convection reaching more than 17 km, with reflectivity more than 40 dBZ and estimated updraft speeds greater than 20 m s−1 at ∼14-km altitude. All of the passive microwave frequencies (10, 19, 37, and 85 GHz) experienced scattering by large ice particles. Large electric fields with dozens of lightning flashes were recorded. Because of safety concerns arising from difficulties with the first two transects, the flight plan was modified to avoid passing above the eyewall again. These observations occurred 8–10 h after Emily’s peak 929-hPa intensity, with central pressures from reconnaissance aircraft having risen to 943 hPa immediately before the flight and 946 hPa immediately afterward (no such measurements available during the flight). Rapid-scan infrared imagery reveals that a period of episodic bursts of strong, deep convection was beginning just as the ER-2 arrived. The first leg across the eye coincided with a rapidly growing new cell along the flight track in the western eyewall. This strong convection may have been characteristic of Emily for the ∼24 h leading up to landfall in the Yucatan, but it does not appear to be a continuation of convective trends from the previous rapid intensification or peak intensity periods.
An Intercomparison of Simulated Rainfall and Evapotranspiration Associated with a Mesoscale Convective System over West Africa
Authors: Guichard Françoise , Asencio Nicole , Peugeot Christophe , Bock Olivier , Redelsperger Jean-Luc , Cui Xuefeng , Garvert Matthew , Lamptey Benjamin , Orlandi Emiliano , Sander Julia , Fierli Federico , Gaertner Miguel Angel , Jones Sarah C. , Lafore Jean-Philippe , Morse Andrew , Nuret Mathieu , Boone Aaron , Balsamo Gianpaolo , de Rosnay Patricia , Decharme Bertrand , Harris Philip P. , Bergès J.-C. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
An evaluation of precipitation and evapotranspiration simulated by mesoscale models is carried out within the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) program. Six models performed simulations of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) observed to cross part of West Africa in August 2005.
Initial and boundary conditions are found to significantly control the locations of rainfall at synoptic scales as simulated with either mesoscale or global models. When initialized and forced at their boundaries by the same analysis, all models forecast a westward-moving rainfall structure, as observed by satellite products. However, rainfall is also forecast at other locations where none was observed, and the nighttime northward propagation of rainfall is not well reproduced. There is a wide spread in the rainfall rates across simulations, but also among satellite products.
The range of simulated meridional fluctuations of evapotranspiration (E) appears reasonable, but E displays an overly strong zonal symmetry. Offline land surface modeling and surface energy budget considerations show that errors in the simulated E are not simply related to errors in the surface evaporative fraction, and involve the significant impact of cloud cover on the incoming surface shortwave flux.
The use of higher horizontal resolution (a few km) enhances the variability of precipitation, evapotranspiration, and precipitable water (PW) at the mesoscale. It also leads to a weakening of the daytime precipitation, less evapotranspiration, and smaller PW amounts. The simulated MCS propagates farther northward and somewhat faster within an overall drier atmosphere. These changes are associated with a strengthening of the links between PW and precipitation.
The Formation of Multiple Squall Lines and the Impacts of WSR-88D Radial Winds in a WRF Simulation
Authors: Karan Haldun , Fitzpatrick Patrick J. , Hill Christopher M. , Li Yongzuo , Xiao Qingnong , Lim Eunha 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
A detailed observational and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model analysis utilizing Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D), surface, and upper-air observations, as well as Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) images, shows a chain of events that leads to the formation of two prefrontal squall lines along the western Gulf coast on 29–30 April 2005. An approaching surface cold front (CF) generated an atmospheric bore that propagated along an inversion layer and excited high-frequency, low-level tropospheric gravity waves, initiating a squall line 60 km east of the cold front. This sequence of events manifested itself as low-level convergence ahead of the CF, which was detected by nearby WSR-88D radars. Two WRF model experiments were conducted in which one assimilated conventional observations (CTRL), and another included radar radial winds from nine WSR-88D locations (denoted as RADAR). Better representation of the low-level kinematics in RADAR yielded a distinct convergence line associated with the primary squall line.
The RADAR experiment, as well as observations (such as an 0600 UTC Slidell, Louisiana, sounding), show that the secondary squall line formed ahead of the primary squall line due to high water vapor and warm temperature advection from the Gulf of Mexico that, when combined with a deep dry layer above the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), destabilized the atmosphere. Concurrently, a lower-tropospheric trough, propagating faster than the surface front, enhanced lifting in the region and instigated the formation of new convection. RADAR forecasted the secondary convection not only in the right place but also at about the right time, while the CTRL experiment completely missed this secondary convection.
The Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus, Depression, and Missed Appointments in a Low-Income Uninsured Population
Authors: Bowser Donna M. , Utz Sharon , Glick Doris , Harmon Rebecca , Rovnyak Virginia 
Published: September 2009

Purpose The purpose of this project is to identify rates of depression and document mental health needs of adults with diabetes who obtained care in free clinics. Data were collected to determine if there is a relationship between diabetes and depression and missed appointments in a sample of patients who were low-income, uninsured, and represented a variety of racial groups. Methods A sample of 183 adults with diabetes participated by completing paper and computerized questionnaires. Instruments included the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (to measure prevalence of depression), the RAND 36 Health Survey (to measure quality of health), the Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life (to measure diabetes-dependent quality of life), and the Diabetes Empowerment Scale (to measure self-efficacy). Results The prevalence of depression at a moderate or greater level in the sample was found to be 30.1%. Levels of quality of health and self-efficacy were found to be reduced among those with the presence of depression. A significant increase in the rate of depression was found among those who had attended the free clinic for a longer period. No significant differences were found in diabetes-dependent quality of life and missed appointments among those with depression compared with those without. Conclusions Rates of depression among adults with diabetes in a free clinic setting were found to be comparable with the highest rates reported by other studies of insured populations. Results of this study support the need to develop mental health treatment programs for free clinic settings.
Effects of Zone-Specific Superior Labral Detachment on Biceps Anchor Stability
Authors: Gates Megan E. , Kou Joseph X. , Demetropoulos Constantine K. , Jurist Kenneth A. , Guettler Joseph H. 
Published: September 2009

Purpose This study aimed to elucidate the degree of biceps anchor displacement that occurs when specific zones of the superior labrum are detached from the glenoid. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Twelve cadaveric scapulae with intact labrums were prepared by removing the surrounding musculature with the labrum, biceps anchor, and biceps tendon carefully preserved. Pulleys were used to apply traction in 3 different directions— superior, lateral, and combined posterior/superior/lateral, to simulate the “peel-back” mechanism—while a continuous 1.13 kg of traction was applied to the biceps tendon. Labral tears were created by sharp incisions in isolation and in combinations of 3 zones defined relative to the glenoid fossa: anterior, posterior, or superior. The displacement of the biceps anchor (position of the marker after the simulated lesion relative to the marker position with the labrum intact) was measured relative to a rigid reference frame. Results The greatest degree of displacement occurred with the sectioning of all 3 zones, followed by the sectioning of 2 adjacent zones. Superior traction created the least displacement in all combinations, while lateral traction created maximal displacement, with one exception: in the setting of anterosuperior/superior lesions, maximal displacement was observed using the peel-back mechanism. Conclusion Biceps anchor displacement, particularly the degree and direction of displacement, is affected by the labral detachment pattern. All 3 labral zones assessed in this study have important biomechanical contributions to biceps anchor displacement. Clinical Significance These findings have important implications relating to the clinician’s arthroscopic assessment of superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) tears, as well as the determination of need for stabilization. This information is particularly useful when treating SLAP tears in certain laborers and athletes, whose activities may cause specific biceps anchor displacement patterns.
The Anonymous Community
Authors: Petrovsky Helen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe paper explores the non-institutional potential of the concept of community as it has been formulated in contemporary French philosophy. Special attention is given to historical experience, particularly in a globalizing world. Fantasies of the historical which attest to such experience are treated as constitutive of an anonymous community defined neither by a fixed identity nor by a given substance. Despite its anonymity, community calls for articulation and translation, producing various ‘as-if presentations’, to remember the Kantian term.
Russian Philosophy in the Context of European Thinking: The Case of Vladimir Solovyov
Authors: Gaidenko Piama P. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRussian philosophy of the 19th century was developing in close contact with European philosophy. The strongest influence on Russian thought was exerted by classical German philosophy. One significant example is the teaching of Vladimir Solovyov, an outstanding 19th century thinker. Solovyov owes several principles of his teaching to Friedrich Schelling, from whom he assimilated his cardinal concept of all-embracing being; also to Schelling we can trace Solovyov's conviction that the will constitutes the determining principle of being as well as his conception of the suffering and developing God. Finally, it was largely through Schelling's influence that Solovyov shaped his cosmogonic theory associated with his sophiology, based on the thesis of the falling away from God of His ‘Alter Ego’, His ‘Prototype’. According to Solovyov, ‘the Second God’, or Sophia-Wisdom, is God-Made-Man, the Absolute coming into being, whose life underlies the substance of historical process.
The Philosophy of Religion: A New Field for Russian Philosophy
Authors: Shokhin Vladimir Kirillovich 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper analyzes why philosophy of religion can surprisingly be considered a rather new field in Russian philosophy. While religion has played a major role in modern Russian culture, the philosophy of religion is still searching a precise definition of its object and domain. Initially, Russian philosophies of religion were inspired by Western influential works, whereas philosophy of religion is barely considered as distinct from theology. As such, philosophy of religion presents a double origin: in a wide sense, it coincides with philosophy, while in a more specific sense its origins are to be found in the modern era. From this point of view, Spinoza is seen as a seminal author for this field of work. This conception is analyzed and used to draw some perspective for the development of philosophy of religion in Russia.
Philosophy in Russia: History and Present State
Authors: Guseinov Abdusalam A. , Lektorsky Vladislav A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper sketches an historical outline of philosophy in Russia from the modern era to present time. It describes the main philosophical trends that characterized the ‘Silver Age’ in pre-revolutionary Russia (Cosmism, religious philosophy and early Marxist philosophy), and draws some lines of continuity both with Marxist and pre-Marxist philosophy. It studies the internal evolution and organization of Soviet official philosophical thought, and describes the main features the philosophical Renaissance that took place in the Soviet Union in the second half of the 20th century. It finally describes the main trends, authors and publication of philosophy in Russia today.
Organisation and delivery of home mechanical ventilation
Authors: Escarrabill J. 
Published: September 2009

Educational aimsTo analyse home mechanical ventilation (HMV) from a community perspective.To analyse healthcare delivery alternatives.To consider different sources of variability in clinical practice.To emphasise the role of patients in the decision-making process.SummaryThe number of patients using HMV is increasing in all Western countries. There has been a significant increase in the number of obese patients and – despite the restrictive recommendations of the guidelines – of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In most countries, there are no systematic registers of patients, outcomes are not followed regularly and support at home is very variable.It is very important to think about how to organise the care of patients on HMV: it must seek a balance between the role of reference centres and accesibility to local hospitals. Networking should be a reasonable alternative.
Y-27632 enhances differentiation of blastocyst like cystic human embryoid bodies to endocrinologically active trophoblast cells on a biomimetic platform
Authors: Sivasubramaiyan Kavitha , Totey Swapnil , Bhat Vijay , Totey Satish M , Deb Kaushik 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Trophoblast differentiation and formation of the placenta are important events linked to post-implantation embryonic development. Models mimicking the biology of trophoblast differentiation in a post-implantation maternal microenvironment are needed for understanding disorders like placental-ischemia or for applications in drug-screening, and would help in overcoming the ethical impasse on using human embryos for such research. Here we attempt to create such a model by using embryoid bodies (EBs) and a biomimetic platform composed of a bilayer of fibronectin and gelatin on top of low-melting agarose. Using this model we test the hypothesis that cystic-EBs (day 30) that resemble blastocysts morphologically, are better sources as compared to noncytic EBs (day 10), for functional trophoblast differentiation; and that the Rho kinases inhibitor Y27632 can enhance this differentiation. Non/cytic EBs with/out Y27632 were grown on this platform for 28 days, and screened from secretion and expression of trophoblast and other lineage markers using ECLIA, RT-PCR, and Immunofluorescence. All EBs attached on this surface and rapidly proliferated into hCG and progesterone (P2) secreting functional trophoblast cells. However, the cells derived from cytic-EBs and cytic-EBs+ Y27632 showed the maximum secretion of these hormones and expressed IGF2, supporting our hypothesis. Also Y27632 reduced extraembryonic endoderm and trophoblast lineage differentiation from early noncystic-EBs, whereas, it specifically enhanced the induction of trophoblast and multinucleated syncitiotrophoblast differentiation from late cystic-EBs. In vivo trophoblast differentiation can be replicated in fibronectin based biomaterials, using cytic-EBs and by maneuvering the Rho-ROCK pathways. Response of EBs to a compound may vary temporally, and determination of their right stage is crucial for applications in directed-differentiation or drug-screening.
Mutagenesis of the fusion peptide-like domain of hepatitis C virus E1 glycoprotein: involvement in cell fusion and virus entry
Authors: Li Hsiao-Fen , Huang Chia-Hsuan , Ai Li-Shuang , Chuang Chin-Kai , Chen Steve SL 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Background
Envelope (E) glycoprotein E2 of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) mediates binding of the virus to target cell receptors. Nevertheless, the precise role of E1 in viral entry remains elusive.

Methods
To understand the involvement of the fusion peptide-like domain positioned at residues 264 to 290 within envelope glycoprotein E1 in HCV infection, mutants with Ala and Asn substitutions for residues conserved between HCV and E proteins of flaviviruses or the fusion proteins of paramyxoviruses were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis and their effects on membrane fusion and viral infectivity were examined.

Results
None of these mutations affected the synthesis or cell surface expression of envelope proteins, nor did they alter the formation of a non-covalent E1-E2 heterodimer or E2 binding to the large extracellular loop of CD81. The Cys residues located at positions 272 and 281 were unlikely involved in intra- or intermolecular disulfide bond formation. With the exception of the G267A mutant, which showed increased cell fusion, other mutants displayed reduced or marginally inhibited cell fusion capacities compared to the wild-type (WT) E1E2. The G267A mutant was also an exception in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)/HCV E1E2 pseudotyping analyses, in that it showed higher one-cycle infectivity; all other mutants exhibited greatly or partially reduced viral entry versus the WT pseudotype. All but the G278A and D279N mutants showed a WT-like profile of E1E2 incorporation into HIV-1 particles. Since C272A, C281A, G282A, and G288A pseudotypes bound to Huh7 cells as effectively as did the WT pseudotype, the reduced infectivity of these pseudotypes was due to their ability to inhibit cell fusion.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that specific residues, but not the structure, of this fusion peptide-like domain are required for mediating cell fusion and viral entry.
Deep proteogenomics; high throughput gene validation by multidimensional liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of proteins from the fungal wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum
Authors: Bringans Scott , Hane James K , Casey Tammy , Tan Kar-Chun , Lipscombe Richard , Solomon Peter S , Oliver Richard P 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Background

Stagonospora nodorum, a fungal ascomycete in the class dothideomycetes, is a damaging pathogen of wheat. It is a model for necrotrophic fungi that cause necrotic symptoms via the interaction of multiple effector proteins with cultivar-specific receptors. A draft genome sequence and annotation was published in 2007. A second-pass gene prediction using a training set of 795 fully EST-supported genes predicted a total of 10762 version 2 nuclear-encoded genes, with an additional 5354 less reliable version 1 genes also retained.

Results
In this study, we subjected soluble mycelial proteins to proteolysis followed by 2D LC MALDI-MS/MS. Comparison of the detected peptides with the gene models validated 2134 genes. 62% of these genes (1324) were not supported by prior EST evidence. Of the 2134 validated genes, all but 188 were version 2 annotations. Statistical analysis of the validated gene models revealed a preponderance of cytoplasmic and nuclear localised proteins, and proteins with intracellular-associated GO terms. These statistical associations are consistent with the source of the peptides used in the study. Comparison with a 6-frame translation of the S. nodorum genome assembly confirmed 905 existing gene annotations (including 119 not previously confirmed) and provided evidence supporting 144 genes with coding exon frameshift modifications, 604 genes with extensions of coding exons into annotated introns or untranslated regions (UTRs), 3 new gene annotations which were supported by tblastn to NR, and 44 potential new genes residing within un-assembled regions of the genome.

Conclusion
We conclude that 2D LC MALDI-MS/MS is a powerful, rapid and economical tool to aid in the annotation of fungal genomic assemblies.
Topoisomerase I but not thymidylate synthase is associated with improved outcome in patients with resected colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan containing adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Kostopoulos Ioannis , Karavasilis Vasilios , Karina Maria , Bobos Mattheos , Xiros Nikolaos , Pentheroudakis George , Kafiri Georgia , Papakostas Pavlos , Vrettou Eleni , Fountzilas George 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundThymidylate synthase (TS) and Topoisomerase I (Topo I) are significant biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to study the expression of TS and Topo I in patients with resected CRC who received adjuvant chemotherapy and correlated it with clinical outcome.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with CRC between 1989 and 2007 and treated with adjuvant chemotherapy within Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group's (HeCOG) protocols, were identified. Archival paraffin-embedded tumor tissues were used for immunohistochemical detection of TS and Topo I. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue microarray slides using monoclonal antibodies against TS and Topo I. The results were correlated with survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS).ResultsA cohort of 498 patients with a median age of 61 years and Dukes' stage B (49%) and C (51%) fulfilled the criteria of the study. All patients received adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy, 38% irinotecan-containing. Positive TS and Topo I expression was found in 43% and 48% of cases, respectively. Five-year OS was 74% and DFS was 68%. In univariate analysis no association of TS and Topo I expression with OS and DFS was identified. In multivariate analysis however, Topo I expression was associated with a reduced risk of death (HR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.42-0.88, p = 0.009). In the irinotecan-treated subgroup, those patients who expressed Topo I had a better OS (HR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.23-0.94, p = 0.033).ConclusionPatients with resected CRC expressing Topo I seem to benefit from irinotecan-containing adjuvant chemotherapy. However randomised prospective trials are needed to confirm these results.