bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evidence-Based Microsimulation Model for Colorectal Cancer: Validation and Application
Authors: Rutter Carolyn M. , Savarino James E. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Background: The Colorectal Cancer Simulated Population model for Incidence and Natural history (CRC-SPIN) is a new microsimulation model for the natural history of colorectal cancer that can be used for comparative effectiveness studies of colorectal cancer screening modalities.
Methods: CRC-SPIN simulates individual event histories associated with colorectal cancer, based on the adenoma-carcinoma sequence: adenoma initiation and growth, development of preclinical invasive colorectal cancer, development of clinically detectable colorectal cancer, death from colorectal cancer, and death from other causes. We present the CRC-SPIN structure and parameters, data used for model calibration, and model validation. We also provide basic model outputs to further describe CRC-SPIN, including annual transition probabilities between various disease states and dwell times. We conclude with a simple application that predicts the impact of a one-time colonoscopy at age 50 on the incidence of colorectal cancer assuming three different operating characteristics for colonoscopy.
Results: CRC-SPIN provides good prediction of both the calibration and the validation data. Using CRC-SPIN, we predict that a one-time colonoscopy greatly reduces colorectal cancer incidence over the subsequent 35 years.
Conclusions: CRC-SPIN is a valuable new tool for combining expert opinion with observational and experimental results to predict the comparative effectiveness of alternative colorectal cancer screening modalities.
Impact: Microsimulation models such as CRC-SPIN can serve as a bridge between screening and treatment studies and health policy decisions by predicting the comparative effectiveness of different interventions. As such, it is critical to publish model descriptions that provide insight into underlying assumptions along with validation studies showing model performance. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 1992–2002. ©2010 AACR.
Trends in Socioeconomic Disparities in Organized and Opportunistic Gastric Cancer Screening in Korea (2005-2009)
Authors: Lee Hoo-Yeon , Park Eun-Cheol , Jun Jae Kwan , Hahm Myung-Il , Jung Kyu-Won , Kim Yeonju , Han Mi Ah , Choi Kui Son 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Background: A growth of consensus and increasing activities related to organized cancer screening programs has occurred in Korea since 1999. It is important to assess disparities in the fight against cancer, and it is crucial to identify particular groups that may be experiencing a high burden of cancer-related illness.
Methods: Data from 8,160 men and women ages &gt;40 years from the 2005 to 2009 Korean National Cancer Screening Survey were used to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic position and receiving upper gastrointestinal series or upper endoscopy within the past 2 years. We used absolute and relative concentration indexes, that is, summary measures of disparity based on both rate differences and rate ratios.
Results: For organized screening, the education disparity declined, but the income disparity index increased, indicating that participation in organized screening was relatively more concentrated among the lower-income groups. For opportunistic screening, income and education disparities increased due to the widening of socioeconomic differences.
Conclusions: The results of this study suggested progress toward socioeconomic disparity-related goals in organized screening for gastric cancer. However, the income disparity trends in organized screening may change in a manner similar to those in opportunistic screening in the future because of the much faster rate of organized screening uptake by those higher on the socioeconomic scale.
Impact: This study addresses the routine monitoring of coverage of screening among different socioeconomic groups and could be used to inform polices to reduce disparity in coverage. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 1919–26. ©2010 AACR.
High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Antonsson Annika , Nancarrow Derek J. , Brown Ian S. , Green Adele C. , Drew Paul A. , Watson David I. , Hayward Nicholas K. , Whiteman David C. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Background: Although most cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in western populations have been attributed to high levels of exposure to tobacco and alcohol, infectious agents have been postulated as possible causes, particularly human papillomavirus (HPV).
Methods: To explore this issue, we analyzed HPV DNA prevalence and HPV types together with lifestyle factors, in relation to tumor stage and survival in a low-incidence population. Archived tumor samples from a nationwide cohort of 222 ESCC patients were tested for the presence of HPV DNA by PCR; positive samples were sequenced to determine HPV type, and p16INK4a status was assessed by immunohistochemistry.
Results: Of 222 ESCC patients, 8 tested HPV positive (prevalence, 3.6%; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-6.1%), of which 6 were HPV-16 positive and 2 were HPV-35 positive. Four of the eight HPV-positive tumors overexpressed p16INK4a. None of 55 normal esophageal tissue samples from healthy participants had any detectable HPV. Although the numbers were low, it seemed that patients with HPV-positive ESCC tumors were younger than those with HPV-negative tumors (mean age, 60.8 versus 65.3 years, P = 0.18) and had higher body mass index (BMI) throughout life (mean current BMI of 25.1 for HPV positive, 22.2 for HPV negative, P = 0.08; mean BMI at 20 years of 25.8 for HPV positive, 22.1 for HPV negative, P = 0.003). We found no difference between patients with HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors with respect to other lifestyle factors.
Conclusions: These findings suggest a very low prevalence of HPV DNA in human ESCC.
Impact: HPV is very unlikely to be a common cause of ESCC in Australia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 2080–7. ©2010 AACR.
The Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Prostate Cancer under Competing Risks of Death from Other Causes
Authors: Grundmark Birgitta , Garmo Hans , Loda Massimo , Busch Christer , Holmberg Lars , Zethelius Björn 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground: Associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and prostate cancer development have not been studied comprehensively; results have been divergent. Using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment panel III (NCEP) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions of the MetS, we investigated such associations taking competing risks of death into consideration.Methods: In the prospective Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men of 2,322 Caucasian men with 34 years of follow-up baseline, MetS measurements at age 50 years were used. Cumulative incidence of prostate cancer and death with/without the MetS were calculated. Competing risk of dying was taken into account by calculating the conditional probability of prostate cancer with/without the MetS.Results: Two hundred and thirty-seven prostate cancers were identified. Prostate cancer probability by age 80 years with baseline MetS compared with without MetS was nonsignificantly higher [5.2 percent units (confidence interval (CI), −0.8% to 11.3%; NCEP); 2.7 percent units (CI, −2.7% to 8.0%; IDF)]; cumulative incidence proportions of death was significantly higher [19.3 percent units (CI, 13.4-25.3%; NCEP); 15.3 percent units (CI, 9.5-21.1%; IDF)]; and conditional probability of prostate cancer considering death from other causes was significantly higher [7.3 percent-units (CI, 0.2-14.5%); odds ratio of 1.64 (CI, 1.03-2.23; NCEP)] and nonsignificantly higher [5.0 percent-units (CI, −1.6% to 11.6%); odds ratio of 1.43 (CI, 0.89-1.90; IDF].Conclusions: The MetS by the NCEP definition is associated with prostate cancer, taking the competing risk of early death from other causes into account.Impact: The results further highlight the public health effect of the increasing prevalence of MetS and the importance of considering competing risks when studying risk factors for cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 2088–96. ©2010 AACR.
Suicide Rates and Risk Factors among Korean Cancer Patients, 1993-2005
Authors: Ahn Eunmi , Shin Dong Wook , Cho Sung-Il , Park Sohee , Won Young-Joo , Yun Young Ho 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Background: As the number of cancer survivors increases, suicide risk approaches that of the general population. We therefore investigated suicide rates and risk factors among Korean cancer patients.
Methods: We observed 816,295 cancer patients for 3,007,294 person-years from 1993 to 2005 through a nationwide cancer registry. We calculated their sex- and age-standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and studied suicide risk factors using rate ratios (RR) based on a log-linear Poisson regression model.
Results: Compared with the Korean general population, the suicide rate among cancer patients was high [SMR, 2.00; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.91-2.08]. The rates were highest in the year following the cancer diagnosis (SMR, 3.45; 95% CI, 3.19-3.73) and were still elevated 5 years later (SMR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12-1.36). The clinical groups at highest risk were male pancreas cancer patients (SMR, 6.01; 95% CI, 4.33-8.33) and female lung cancer patients (SMR, 3.55; 95% CI, 2.55-4.94). The sociodemographic groups at highest risk were those who had no spouse versus those who were married (RR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.35-1.68), those who were not employed versus those who were (RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.26-1.54), and those who did not have high school education versus those who had (RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.30-1.79).
Conclusions: Korean cancer patients are at increased risk of suicide. Both clinical and sociodemographic factors play a role.
Impact: There is a need for social support and suicide prevention strategies for cancer survivors in Korea. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 2097–105. ©2010 AACR.
Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Ductal Carcinoma In situ of the Breast in a Cohort of Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Kabat Geoffrey C. , Kim Mimi , Shikany James M. , Rodgers Allison K. , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Lane Dorothy , Powell Lynda , Stefanick Marcia L. , Freiberg Matthew S. , Kazlauskaite Rasa , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia , Rohan Thomas E. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Background: Observational studies have commonly linked higher alcohol consumption with a modest increase in invasive breast cancer risk, but cohort studies have not examined alcohol intake in relation to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
Methods: The association between adulthood alcohol consumption assessed at baseline and subsequent DCIS risk was examined in a cohort of postmenopausal women participating in the Women's Health Initiative clinical trials, in which mammography was protocol-mandated. Alcohol intake was assessed by a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Reported DCIS cases were verified by central pathology report review. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
Results: The cohort consisted of 63,822 women with information on alcohol intake, among whom 489 cases of DCIS were ascertained after a median follow-up of 8.0 years. For the primary analysis, invasive breast cancer was treated as a competing risk, and follow-up time was censored at the date of diagnosis of invasive breast cancer. After adjustment for covariates, the hazard ratio for DCIS among women who consumed 14 or more servings of alcohol per week, relative to nondrinkers, was 0.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.50-1.51). In addition, alcohol intake was not associated with risk of either high-grade or low-/moderate-grade DCIS.
Conclusions: In this large cohort study of postmenopausal women, alcohol consumption was not associated with risk of DCIS.
Impact: If other studies confirm our findings, this would suggest that alcohol may have an effect later in the carcinogenic process. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 2066–72. ©2010 AACR.
The Role of Sexual Behavior and Human Papillomavirus Persistence in Predicting Repeated Infections with New Human Papillomavirus Types
Authors: Moscicki Anna-Barbara , Ma Yifei , Jonte Janet , Miller-Benningfield Susanna , Hanson Evelyn , Jay Julie , Godwin de Medina Cheryl , Farhat Sepideh , Clayton Lisa , Shiboski Stephen 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Background: Although human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are common in young women, the rate of and risk for repeated new infections are not well documented. We examined the rate of and risks for new HPV detection in young women.
Methods: We used data from an ongoing study of HPV, initiated in 1990. Sexually active women ages 12 to 22 years were eligible. Interviews on behaviors and HPV testing were done at 4-month intervals; sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing was annual or if symptomatic. Starting with first HPV detection, time to the next (second) visit (event) with detection of new HPV types, and then the second event to time to third event was calculated. Risks were determined using Cox proportional hazard model.
Results: Sixty-nine percent of 1,125 women had a second event, and of those with a second event, 63% had a third event by 3 years, respectively. Women with HPV persistence from initial visit to second event [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.51 (3.78-5.37)], an STI [HR = 1.47 (1.00-2.17)], bacterial vaginosis [HR = 1.60 (1.07-2.39)], and number of new sex partners [HR = 1.10 (1.05-1.15 per partner/mo)] were independent associations for HPV. Risks for third event were similar.
Conclusion: This study documents the repeated nature of HPV infections in young women and their association with sexual risk behaviors.
Impact: This finding underscores the lack of clinical utility of HPV testing in young women. Further studies are needed to examine host factors that lead to HPV acquisition and persistence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 2055–65. ©2010 AACR.
Neural Activity in Frontal Cortical Cell Layers: Evidence for Columnar Sensorimotor Processing
Authors: Opris Ioan , Hampson Robert E. , Stanford Terrence R. , Gerhardt Greg A. , Deadwyler Sam A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe mammalian frontal cortex (FCx) is at the top of the brain's sensorimotor hierarchy and includes cells in the supragranular Layer 2/3, which integrate convergent sensory information for transmission to infragranular Layer 5 cells to formulate motor system outputs that control behavioral responses. Functional interaction between these two layers of FCx was examined using custom-designed ceramic-based microelectrode arrays (MEAs) that allowed simultaneous recording of firing patterns of FCx neurons in Layer 2/3 and Layer 5 in nonhuman primates performing a simple go/no-go discrimination task. This unique recording arrangement showed differential encoding of task-related sensory events by cells in each layer with Layer 2/3 cells exhibiting larger firing peaks during presentation of go target and no-go target task images, whereas Layer 5 cells showed more activity during reward contingent motor responses in the task. Firing specificity to task-related events was further demonstrated by synchronized firing between pairs of cells in different layers that occupied the same vertically oriented “column” on the MEA. Pairs of cells in different layers recorded at adjacent “noncolumnar” orientations on the MEA did not show synchronized firing during the same task-related events. The results provide required evidence in support of previously suggested task-related sensorimotor processing in the FCx via functionally segregated minicolumns.
Gel-phase Extraction for the Removal of Heavy-metal Ions
Authors: Igawa Manabu , Kanamori Hirohito , Nanzai Ben 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
A novel diffusion process of gel-phase extraction for the removal of heavy-metal ions is proposed in this paper. A typical heavy-metal ion, copper ion, is selectively transported into the gel-phase by its complexation with EDTA or precipitation as hydroxide in the phase. Heavy-metal ions are separated and fixed in the gel-phase as a passive collector without any exterior energy.
Reduced Basis Approximation and Error Bounds for Potential Flows in Parametrized Geometries
Authors: Rozza Gianluigi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper we consider (hierarchical, Lagrange) reduced basis approximation anda posteriorierror estimation for potential flows in affinely parametrized geometries. We review the essential ingredients: i) a Galerkin projection onto a low-dimensional space associated with a smooth “parametric manifold” in order to get a dimension reduction; ii) an efficient and effective greedy sampling method for identification of optimal and numerically stable approximations to have a rapid convergence; iii) ana posteriorierror estimation procedure: rigorous and sharp bounds for the linear-functional outputs of interest and over the potential solution or related quantities of interest like velocity and / or pressure; iv) an Offline-Online computational decomposition strategies to achieve a minimummarginal computational costfor high performance in the real-time and many-query (e.g., design and optimization) contexts. We present three illustrative results for inviscid potential flows in parametrized geometries representing a Venturi channel, a circular bend and an added mass problem.
An Algorithm for the Stochastic Simulation of Gene Expression and Heterogeneous Population Dynamics
Authors: Charlebois Daniel A. , Intosalmi Jukka , Fraser Dawn , Kærn Mads 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe present an algorithm for the stochastic simulation of gene expression and heterogeneous population dynamics. The algorithm combines an exact method to simulate molecular-level fluctuations in single cells and a constant-number Monte Carlo method to simulate time-dependent statistical characteristics of growing cell populations. To benchmark performance, we compare simulation results with steady-state and time-dependent analytical solutions for several scenarios, including steady-state and time-dependent gene expression, and the effects on population heterogeneity of cell growth, division, and DNA replication. This comparison demonstrates that the algorithm provides an efficient and accurate approach to simulate how complex biological features influence gene expression. We also use the algorithm to model gene expression dynamics within “bet-hedging” cell populations during their adaption to environmental stress. These simulations indicate that the algorithm provides a framework suitable for simulating and analyzing realistic models of heterogeneous population dynamics combining molecular-level stochastic reaction kinetics, relevant physiological details and phenotypic variability.
Reverse electrodialysis (RED) with bipolar membranes, an energy storage system
Authors: Pretz J. , Staude E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn experimental study is presented of reverse electrodialysis (RED) as a completely different kind of electrical energy storage. The use of RED fuel cells has the potential to overcome common self‐discharging problems of the RED accumulator. The membranes used in RED are designed to meet requirements different from those for conventional electrodialysis (ED). This applies particularly to bipolar membranes. An essential criterion for the use of membranes in RED is permselectivity. An improvement in the permselectivity of the membranes was obtained by coating them with an appropriate polymer or cross‐linking the membrane polymer.The results were compared with a mathematical model and some former works in this field.
Natural Diversity to Guide Focused Directed Evolution
Authors: Jochens Helge , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSimultaneous multiple site‐saturation mutagenesis was performed at four active‐site positions of an esterase from Pseudomonas fluorescens to improve its ability to convert 3‐phenylbutyric acid esters (3‐PBA) in an enantioselective manner. Based on an appropriate codon choice derived from a structural alignment of 1751 sequences of α/β‐hydrolase fold enzymes, only those amino acids were considered for library creation that appeared frequently in structurally equivalent positions. Thus, the number of mutants to be screened could be substantially reduced while the number of functionally intact variants was increased. Whereas the wild‐type esterase showed only marginal activity and poor enantioselectivity (Etrue=3.2) towards 3‐PBA‐ethyl ester, a significant number of hits with improved rates (up to 240‐fold) and enantioselectivities (up to Etrue=80) were identified in these “smart” libraries.
ChemInform Abstract: Isotriazene: A Surprisingly Stable Minimum on the N3H3 Surface.
Authors: SALTER E. A. , HINRICHS R. Z. , SALTER C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe2Al3Si3.
Authors: GUENEAU C. , SERVANT C. , D'YVOIRE F. , RODIER N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Monoclinic Mg2B2O5.
Authors: GUO G.‐C. , CHENG W.‐D. , CHEN J.‐T. , ZHUANG H.‐H. , HUANG J.‐S. , ZHANG Q.‐E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Triclinic α‐LiNaCO3.
Authors: YATSENKO A. V. , ZHUKOV S. G. , D'YAKOV V. A. , SCHENK H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual 180° P‐O‐P bond Angles in ZrP2O7.
Authors: KHOSROVANI N. , KORTHUIS V. , SLEIGHT A. W. , VOGT T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrical, Optical and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Natural Enargite, Cu3AsS4.
Authors: PAUPORTE TH. , LINCOT D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Layered Polyborates Cs2M2B10O17 (M: Na, K).
Authors: TU J.‐M. , KESZLER D. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.