bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral voriconazole for invasive fungal skull base infection
Authors: Parsonage M J , Stafford N D , Lillie P , Moss P J , Barlow G , Thaker H 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground:Intravenous amphotericin or intravenous voriconazole, both followed by oral voriconazole, have previously been given to treat invasive aspergillosis of the skull base.Case report:Exclusively oral voriconazole was used in an immunocompetent patient with biopsy-proven, invasive aspergillosis. She had a large, erosive lesion extending from the central skull base to the right orbit and ethmoid sinus, and displacing the right internal carotid artery. After four months of oral treatment as an out-patient, a repeated computed tomography scan showed a fully treated infection with post-infectious changes only, and treatment was terminated. Two years later, there had been no recurrence.Conclusion:Substantial cost savings were made by using exclusively oral treatment, compared with the use of intravenous voriconazole or amphotericin, or a switch strategy.
Rhetoric as Argument: Social Justice and Affirmative Action in India, 1990
Authors: BAJPAI ROCHANA 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSocial justice is a key concept in the theory and practice of affirmative action. In India, social justice has come to serve as shorthand for affirmative action for disadvantaged groups, mainly lower castes. This paper provides a detailed analytical interpretation of social justice in a landmark legislative debate on quotas in India, namely the 1990 Mandal debate. It unpacks political rhetoric to reveal distinct conceptions of social justice, shows that claims for quotas for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in the bureaucracy drew substantially on principles of social justice and democracy and argues that, despite appearances, several arguments for OBC representation in government jobs were compatible with the principle of merit. In doing so, the paper demonstrates that contrary to common opinion, political rhetoric deserves close attention. A reconstruction of political arguments over affirmative action advances understanding of some puzzling features of lower-caste politics in India. It also illuminates important questions in political theory debates on social justice.
Effects of Masking Noise on Laryngeal Resistance for Breathy, Normal, and Pressed Voice
Authors: Grillo Elizabeth U. , Verdolini Abbott Katherine , Lee Timothy D. 
Published: December 2009

Purpose
The purpose of the present study was to explore the effects of masking noise on laryngeal resistance for breathy, normal, and pressed voice in vocally trained women.

Method

Eighteen vocally trained women produced breathy, normal, and pressed voice across 7 fundamental frequencies during a repeated CV utterance of /pi/ under normal and masked auditory feedback. Dependent variables were mean and standard deviation of laryngeal resistance (LR; cmH
2
O/l/s).

Results
LR values for breathy and normal voice remained constant across normal and masked auditory feedback, whereas LR values for pressed voice increased significantly from normal to masked auditory feedback.

Conclusions
The results suggest that both voice pattern and feedback condition influenced the stability of the LR data. Specifically, the pressed voice pattern may be more susceptible to auditory feedback influence because it was less stable than the breathy and the normal voice patterns. Future investigation should continue to explore the relevance of auditory feedback for theoretical and clinical issues surrounding voice.
Patient computer use to prompt doctor adherence to diabetes management guidelines
Authors: Haller Nairmeen A. , Gil Karen M. , Gardner William G. , Whittier Frederick C. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Rationale, Aims and Objectives  Doctor compliance with diabetic care guidelines is low and may be improved with system‐wide changes that include patient involvement. The objective of this study was to determine if patients in an internal medicine teaching clinic would use a touch‐screen computer to receive personalized information regarding their need for diabetes care. Outcomes included determining if this intervention would improve resident doctor compliance with diabetic guidelines.
Methods  In this prospective study a computer was available for patients to use independently in one clinic, while another computer was placed in a second clinic with nursing support. Patients responding they were diabetic to the first screen received screens covering HbA1c, blood pressure, cholesterol, foot, eye examinations and compliance with having labs drawn. Non‐diabetic patients received three general health screens. A response‐based report was printed for patients to share with their doctor. Chart reviews were conducted to assess diabetic health care delivery.
Results  The computer was used voluntarily by 20.6% of patients in the primary clinic and by 100% of patients in the nurse‐assisted clinic. A total of 104 patients from both clinics responded they were diabetic; over 50% did not know what HbA1c meant and a minority responded their HbA1c, blood pressure and cholesterol were at good levels. Significantly more HbA1c tests conducted within 6 months were documented in patients' charts.
Discussion  Patients used the computer effectively without direction in the primary clinic. In this initial study, implementation of the computer program increased the number of HbA1c tests ordered. Future studies incorporating refinements may increase both usage and efficacy of this intervention.
Review article: Hepatitis B and dialysis
Authors: EDEY MATTHEW , BARRACLOUGH KATHERINE , JOHNSON DAVID W 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACT:The incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in dialysis populations has declined over recent decades, largely because of improvements in infection control and widespread implementation of HBV vaccination. Regardless, outbreaks of infection continue to occur in dialysis units, and prevalence rates remain unacceptably high. For a variety of reasons, dialysis patients are at increased risk of acquiring HBV. They also demonstrate different disease manifestations compared with healthy individuals and are more likely to progress to chronic carriage. This paper will review the epidemiology, modes of transmission and diagnosis of HBV in this population. Prevention and treatment will be discussed, with a specific focus on strategies to improve vaccination response, new therapeutic options and selection of patients for therapy.
Zero-cycles on projective varieties and the norm principle
Authors: Gille Philippe , Semenov Nikita 
Published: December 2009

AbstractUsing the Gille–Merkurjev norm principle we compute in a uniform way the image of the degree map for quadrics (Springer’s theorem), for twisted forms of maximal orthogonal Grassmannians (a theorem of Bayer-Fluckiger and Lenstra), and for E6- (a theorem of Rost) and E7-varieties.
香港協助網絡成癮青少年的工作成效評估
Authors: 葉 穎思 , 陳 志慧 , 何 錦超 , 曾 國良 , 孔 憲正 
Published: December 2009

香港基督教服務處樂Teen會自2004年開始，開展了「網開新一面」計劃，協助沉迷網絡的青少年健康使用網絡，並向各界推廣健康使用網絡之訊息。本論文將分享此計劃中「online特攻–網絡成癮者小組」在2006–2007年掌握到網絡成癮青少年的基本統計資料、使用網絡的形態和服務前後的改變的情況。「 online特攻–網絡成癮者小組」的目的爲協助沉迷網絡的中學生及小學生重拾有節制使用電腦的能力。透過小組前後的個別訪談，計劃發現參加者無論在網絡成癮情況和使用電腦時數兩方面，在統計學上都有明顯改善，證明小組有效地改善組員上網成癮的情況。而且參加者在參與本計劃後，他們均表示在個人發展、人際關係、學業成績及家庭關係上也有所改善。文章除了詳述小組的成效外，亦會分享「網開新一面」計劃的主要內容和當中「online特攻–網絡成癮者小組」模式引發的建議。 "Online New Page Project" has been launched by Hong Kong Christian Service since 2004. The aim of this project was to assist young internet addicts to regain control on computer usage and to disseminate the message of healthy computer use among the public. This study 1) explores the characteristic of young internet addicts, such as their basic demographic information and their pattern of using internet before and after using our service, and 2) evaluates the effectiveness of the therapeutic groups for this group of service users. The results from in-depth interviews before and after the group revealed that service users had improvement on controlling themselves from internet addiction, with a significant decrease in the time spending on the internet daily. The results also indicate significant improvement in individual development, interpersonal relationship, academic performance and family relationship. Furthermore, this study also shares the major service components of "Therapeutic Group for Internet Addicts" under "Online New Page Project" (2004-2007) and reflections gained in the project for further service development.
UNCOVERING THE ETIOLOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS OF THE RESPONSE TO JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN HONG KONG
Authors: WONG DENNIS S.-W. 
Published: December 2009

This paper highlights the profiles of juvenile crime and the responses to juvenile delinquency in Hong Kong in the last few decades. With the aid of criminological literature and policy documents, the author uncovers the underlying etiological assumptions of delinquency. The assumptions are biased in favour of the functionalist perspective. Until the publication of a recent study on the social causes of delinquency, interactionist theories seemed to have no part in explaining crime in Hong Kong. The author argues that under the dominance of the positive non-interventionist political culture in Hong Kong, the academics are prone to be conservative. This paper suggests that future research should focus on testing interactional effects among the social variables derived from the social control, strain, labelling and differential association theories. 这篇文章讨论本港青少年犯罪概念的转变及社会对青少年犯罪的对策。透过分析本港之犯罪研究及政策文件，作者发掘解释青少年犯罪的背后假设。这些假设大部份是倾向功能主义学派的。直至近年，作者才发现以互动学派的论点来解释犯罪渐被社会人士所重视。作者建议未来的研究应朝向探讨社会契约、社会压力、负面标签及朋辈关系等因素与犯罪行为的交互影响。
人民调解工作的性质、实践和发展
Authors: 莫 邦豪 , 张 时飞 
Published: December 2009

人民调解工作是具有中国文化和社会主义特色的民间纠纷解决样式。九十年代以来人民调解委员会在民间纠纷总量攀升的前提下处理的个案却减少，有政策和制度上的原因。民间纠纷的上述变化，为社会工作专业在中国的发展开拓了制度性生存空间。重新检讨社会冲突的概念，促进人民调解工作向专业化方向发展是本文的启示。 Community mediation in China is an approach of conflict resolution with distinct characteristics of the Chinese culture and socialist ideology. Since the 1990s, family disputes and conflicts among residents have substantially increased but the number of cases handled by the community mediation committees throughout China decreased. The reasons are related to both policy and institutional changes. The increase in family disputes and residents' conflicts have significant implications for the development of social work as a helping profession in China. The authors believe that the term "social conflict" needs to be reconceptualised and that community mediation as an approach should be professionalised.
Some Combined Relations between Contractive Mappings, Kannan Mappings, Reasonable Expansive Mappings, and "Equation missing" -Stability
Authors: De la Sen M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn recent literature concerning fixed point theory for self-mappings "Equation missing" in metric spaces "Equation missing", there are some new concepts which can be mutually related so that the inherent properties of each one might be combined for such self-mappings. Self-mappings "Equation missing" can be referred to, for instance, as Kannan-mappings, reasonable expansive mappings, and Picard "Equation missing"-stable mappings. Some relations between such concepts subject either to sufficient, necessary, or necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained so that in certain self-mappings can exhibit combined properties being inherent to each of its various characterizations.
Single strand conformation polymorphism based SNP and Indel markers for genetic mapping and synteny analysis of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Galeano Carlos H , Fernández Andrea C , Gómez Marcela , Blair Matthew W 
Published: December 2009

Abstract

Background
Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are an important source of gene-based markers such as those based on insertion-deletions (Indels) or single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Several gel based methods have been reported for the detection of sequence variants, however they have not been widely exploited in common bean, an important legume crop of the developing world. The objectives of this project were to develop and map EST based markers using analysis of single strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCPs), to create a transcript map for common bean and to compare synteny of the common bean map with sequenced chromosomes of other legumes.

Results
A set of 418 EST based amplicons were evaluated for parental polymorphisms using the SSCP technique and 26% of these presented a clear conformational or size polymorphism between Andean and Mesoamerican genotypes. The amplicon based markers were then used for genetic mapping with segregation analysis performed in the DOR364 × G19833 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. A total of 118 new marker loci were placed into an integrated molecular map for common bean consisting of 288 markers. Of these, 218 were used for synteny analysis and 186 presented homology with segments of the soybean genome with an e-value lower than 7 × 10-12. The synteny analysis with soybean showed a mosaic pattern of syntenic blocks with most segments of any one common bean linkage group associated with two soybean chromosomes. The analysis with Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus presented fewer syntenic regions consistent with the more distant phylogenetic relationship between the galegoid and phaseoloid legumes.

Conclusion
The SSCP technique is a useful and inexpensive alternative to other SNP or Indel detection techniques for saturating the common bean genetic map with functional markers that may be useful in marker assisted selection. In addition, the genetic markers based on ESTs allowed the construction of a transcript map and given their high conservation between species allowed synteny comparisons to be made to sequenced genomes. This synteny analysis may support positional cloning of target genes in common bean through the use of genomic information from these other legumes.
The T cell receptor-mediated phosphorylation of Pyk2 tyrosines 402 and 580 occurs via a distinct mechanism than other receptor systems
Authors: Collins Michaela , Tremblay Mikaela , Chapman Nicole , Curtiss Miranda , Rothman Paul B , Houtman Jon C D 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The T cell receptor has a distinct mechanism for the site-specific phosphorylation of Pyk2 that requires Src family kinases, but not other pathways.
The tyrosine kinase Pyk2 is vital for integrating receptor-mediated signals controlling adhesion and motility in neuronal, epithelial, and hematopoietic cell types. In T cells, the stimulation of the TCR and costimulatory, chemokine, cytokine, and integrin receptors leads to the phosphorylation of Pyk2 and the induction of its catalytic activity. However, our understanding of the mechanism of the TCR-induced, site-specific phosphorylation of this kinase is incomplete and contradictory. To address this issue, the role of individual signaling pathways in the phosphorylation of Pyk2 tyrosines 402 and 580 upon TCR activation was assessed in human T cells. In contrast to other receptor systems, the TCR-induced phosphorylation of Pyk2 tyrosines 402 and 580 was dependent on the Src family kinases, Fyn or Lck. Interestingly, the TCR-mediated phosphorylation of Pyk2 tyrosines 402 and 580 did not require Ca2+ influx, ZAP-70 activation, actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, or PI3K function. These observations are different than other receptor systems, which require the induction of one or more of these pathways. Together, these data have defined more fully the mechanism for the TCR-induced phosphorylation of specific sites on Pyk2, suggesting that the TCR has a distinct pathway for the activation of Pyk2 compared with other receptor systems.
CCR7 regulates lymphocyte egress and recirculation through body cavities
Authors: Höpken Uta E , Winter Susann , Achtman Ariel H , Krüger Kerstin , Lipp Martin 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
CCR7 plays a crucial role in lymphocyte exit from the peritoneal cavity.
T and B lymphocytes recirculate among blood, lymph, and extralymphoid tissues to ensure immune surveillance and the establishment of self-tolerance. The underlying mechanisms regulating homeostatic lymphocyte recirculation through body cavities are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that the homeostatic chemokine receptor CCR7 regulates homeostatic recirculation of lymphocytes through body cavities. CCR7 deficiency results in massive accumulation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and B-2 B cells in the peritoneal and pleural cavities. The increase in B-2 B and T lymphocytes is not associated with an altered maturation and/or activation status of these cells. Mechanistically, an increase in peritoneal lymphocyte numbers is caused by impaired egress of CCR7-deficient lymphocytes from body cavities. These results establish that CCR7 plays a crucial role in lymphocyte exit from the PerC.
Evaluating Effect of Different Operational Parameters on Increasing Performance of Condensate Stabilizing Process in Gas Plants (Case Study)
Authors: Karimkhani B. , Khorrami Z. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
In the gas plants, gas condensate often contains unwanted glycol, water and salt together with light HC, H2S, mercaptanes which are soluble in condensate and cause corrosion, fouling, plugging, scaling, catalyst poisoning and other detrimental effect on plant operation. Condensate stabilizing is a process that mainly uses for separation of mentioned components from raw gas condensate in order to meet product specifications which is on-spec RVP, water and salt contents for the ultimate product.
At the overall view point, condensate stabilizing process consist of four main parts which are; separation of free aqueous phase and light HC from heavy HC in a high pressure three phase separator, desalting and sludge removal using desalter, separation of remained light HC by a medium pressure distillation tower and finally degassing of column stabilized product plus with debutanizer bottom product (C5+) in a low pressure flash drum in order to produce final product for sending to atmospheric storage tanks.
As a real case in our gas plant, due to low performance of stabilizer reboiler, efficiency of process was reduced gradually and caused off-spec product to be produced. So, other operational parameters affect on process efficiency was changed and optimized in order to compensate product specification and meet on-spec values. The most operational parameters which affect product specifications are as below: Changing demulsifier and water wash injection to desalter mean while draining of interface layer of desalter once per each operating shift.Optimization differential pressure of the desalter mixing valve.Effect of stabilizing column pressure reduction to the optimum value, in a way that does not affect proper working of off-gas compressor.Effect of increasing stabilizer column condenser temperature.Effect of increasing temperature of inlet feed to stabilizer column.Effect of (C5+) flow rate and RVP on the condensate RVP.
This paper introduces main results of the actual case studies in plant together with simulation results. Comparison between actual and simulation results indicate excellent satisfaction from practical engineering standpoint and high reliability of test run.
Missense mutations in IHH impair Indian Hedgehog signaling in C3H10T1/2 cells: Implications for brachydactyly type A1, and new targets for Hedgehog signaling
Authors: Guo Shengzhen , Zhou Jian , Gao Bo , Hu Jianxin , Wang Hongsheng , Meng Junwei , Zhao Xinzhi , Ma Gang , Lin Chuwen , Xiao Yue , Tang Wei , Zhu Xuming , Cheah Kathryn , Feng Guoying , Chan Danny , He Lin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHeterozygous missense mutations in IHH result in Brachydactyly type A1 (BDA1; OMIM 112500), a condition characterized by the shortening of digits due to hypoplasia/aplasia of the middle phalanx. Indian Hedgehog signaling regulates the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and is essential for endochondral bone formation. Analyses of activated IHH signaling in C3H10T1/2 cells showed that three BDA1-associated mutations (p.E95K, p.D100E and p.E131K) severely impaired the induction of targets such as Ptch1 and Gli1. However, this was not a complete loss of function, suggesting that these mutations may affect the interaction with the receptor PTCH1 or its partners, with an impact on the induction potency. From comparative microarray expression analyses and quantitative real-time PCR, we identified three additional targets, Sostdc1, Penk1 and Igfbp5, which were also severely affected. Penk1 and Igfbp5 were confirmed to be regulated by GLI1, while the induction of Sostdc1 by IHH is independent of GLI1. SOSTDC1 is a BMP antagonist, and altered BMP signaling is known to affect digit formation. The role of Penk1 and Igfbp5 in skeletogenesis is not known. However, we have shown that both Penk1 and Igfbp5 are expressed in the interzone region of the developing joint of mouse digits, providing another link for a role for IHH signaling in the formation of the distal digits.
Going Begging: Casino Culture and its Contrasts as Revealed in the New Macao Poetry
Authors: Kelen Christopher 
Published: December 2009

Among the key themes of contemporary Macao poetry, chance and luck loom large, along with their figuration in Macao life through sites such as casinos and temples, through personae such as those of the gambler, the beggar, the prostitute. Macao as dot-on-the-map is likewise conceived as a site for all kinds of portal semiotics, as paradigm for cultural crossing and cultural shift. Macao may be regarded as a work enduring (in Brechtian terms) because it is unfinished. While this is a formula that could be notionally applied to any city, this view seems particularly apt given both the extraordinary pace of change in post-handover Macao (i.e. since 1999), and the present bubble-bursting effect of the 2008 “financial tsunami”.
Relating Augé’s conception of “non-places” to Eco’s notion of open (as opposed to closed) text, this paper observes that consciousness of place in contemporary Macao poetry appears to be dominated by two kinds of space, glossed here as “Macao space” and “anywhere space”. Macao space is uniquely of an historical moment and place, something culturally positioned; in anywhere space (e.g. inside of a casino or an airport) subjects are hailed by consumption-oriented reifications of putative universal value. The contemporary Macao poetry typically values Macao space and sees it as under threat from the “non-negotiable” space of culture that could be anywhere.
Interested in the paradoxes, ironies and hypocrisies inherent in the present-day culture, politics and international position of Macao, the new Macao poetry reveals a place-based poetics deeply concerned with Macao identity, its evolution and potentials.