bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The crack growth prediction in homogeneous materials and bimaterial systems
Authors: Mróz K.P. , Doliński K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe new criterion determining the angle of crack propagation in mixed mode loading conditions is proposed. Both monotonic and cyclic loading are considered for homogeneous and bimaterial systems. For bimaterial it is assumed that either the crack does not touch or simply crosses the interface during its growth. The angle of the crack propagation corresponds with the direction where the ratio of the dissipation energy generated in the plastic processes to that generated in the decohesion processes reaches its smallest value. The criterion assumes also that the fracture crack propagation follows the direction for which the distortional component of the strain energy density, TD calculated along the line of the constant dilatation energy density TVC around the crack tip reaches its minimum value. The constant value of TVC is associated with the ultimate tensile stress σC. The criterion involves the T‐stress term that represents a constant stress parallel to the main crack orientation. A critical length of the radius of the decohesion zone determines the fracture condition. In the article a numerical method based on the singular integral technique involving the distribution of edge dislocations to represent the actual crack is proposed. The resulting singular integral equations with Cauchy‐type singularities are solved numerically. The method allows us to determine the stress intensity factors (SIFs) and T‐stress term at the tips of the propagating crack. The results show very good agreement with the numerical data found in the literature. The new equation to determine the fatigue crack growth rate is also proposed and used to trace the fatigue crack path in the homogeneous and bimaterial systems.
Enteric Fistulation After Renal Artery Reconstruction: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Bergqvist David , Björck Martin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA systematic literature review has revealed 14 cases of arterioenteric fistulation after renovascular reconstruction. Among the 14 patients, 9 had thrombotic occlusion of the reconstruction and 5 underwent nephrectomy, but neither procedure prevented fistulation. There was a dominance of right‐sided bypass reconstructions. All patients but one suffered from gastrointestinal bleeding; 3 died before operation and 5 had herald bleeds. Three died as a direct result of surgery. Various technical solutions were used, and the follow‐up time was clearly unsatisfactory; in only 2 patients was the follow‐up longer than 1 year. Arterioenteric fistulation is a serious complication, associated with a highmortality rate and a high incidence of kidney loss among survivors.
Specific Heat of Olive Oil to 356 MPa
Authors: Leu Bogdan M. , Yavaş Hasan , Kantor Innokenty , Prakapenka Vitali B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe measured the velocity of sound in olive oil under pressure with the Brillouin light scattering technique. Using the values for the density and the thermal conductivity that have only recently been reported, we calculated the adiabatic compressibility and the isobaric specific heat up to 356 MPa and the thermal diffusivity up to 200 MPa. The specific heat displays a maximum at 124 MPa, suggesting a possible phase transition around this pressure. Apart from the theoretical and practical importance of these results for the food industry and beyond, this work shows that Brillouin light scattering and macroscopic methods are complementary and can be employed to measure thermophysical parameters of food liquids under pressure.
Adolescents’ perceptions of parental practices: A cross‐national comparison of Canada, France, and Italy
Authors: Claes Michel , Perchec Cyrille , Miranda Dave , Benoit Amélie , Bariaud Françoise , Lanz Margherita , Marta Elena , Éric Lacourse  
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThis study compares two dimensions of parenting—emotional bonding and control—as perceived by adolescents living in three countries: Canada (province of Québec), France, and Italy. A cross‐sectional sample was composed of 1256 adolescents who filled out a self‐report questionnaire. Multiple Correspondence Analyses provided a graphic synthesis of cross‐cultural results. Results indicate that parents are perceived as highly emotionally bonded, yet the perception of parental control produced two contrasting models. Canadian adolescents perceive less control and disciplinary actions from parents, and more tolerance. Conversely, Italian adolescents perceive more requirements and rules, and stricter disciplinary actions, while French adolescents’ perceptions fall between the two. Results also suggested a gradual decrease in the perception of parental control between the ages of 11 and 19 years across all three countries. This reduction in parental constraints is perceived earlier by Canadian adolescents and later by Italian adolescents.
Inbreeding effects on a winter squash landrace
Authors: TSIVELIKAS A. L. , KOUTSIKA-SOTIRIOU M. S. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYEstimates of inbreeding effects in a landrace are necessary in order to acquire information on the presence of different types of gene action for important traits. Twelve lines with different levels of inbreeding coefficients (F=0, 0·25, 0·50 or 0·75) were developed from three phenotypically selected families of a winter squash landrace (Cucurbita moschataDuchesne) between 2000 and 2002 in the area of Thermi-Thessaloniki, Greece. During 2003, a field experiment was established at this location to evaluate the lines. The agronomical characters measured were: the number and weight of total commercial fruits, days to first female blossom, seed weight, size of pollen grains and water-stress tolerance. Comparisons were also made of morphological characters, the dry matter, the total soluble solids and the pH of fruits. Lines with inbreeding coefficientF=0·50 were found to have the highest values for most of the measured characteristics. Significant family×inbreeding interactions were found, revealing different trends for the linear, quadratic and cubic components of each family with inbreeding coefficients. ThreeF=0·50 lines selected from within each representative family were evaluated along with four winter squash landraces from theC. moschatacollection of the Greek Gene Bank, during 2004 in the area of Thermi. TheseF=0·50 lines showed a superior performance of three components contributing to yield, indicating that one generation of selfing improved the agronomic performance maintaining concurrently the substantial characteristics of the landrace.
China in the conception of international society: the English School's engagements with China
Authors: ZHANG XIAOMING 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSince Martin Wight's famous LSE lectures in the late 1950s, the English School scholars have brought China into the conception of international society. As the English School scholars have been ‘inventing’ an international society, China's status in the conception, or conceptions of international society has also been invented and reinvented. The Chinese case vividly demonstrates how a non-European (or non-Western) country, as one of ‘the others’, has been dealt with and brought into the conceptualisation of international society by the English School. China's status in the conception of international society, to a great extent, has been invented by some of the English School scholars with Eurocentric bias.
The dynamics of syntax acquisition: facilitation between syntactic structures
Authors: KEREN-PORTNOY TAMAR , KEREN MICHAEL 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper sets out to show how facilitation between different clause structures operates over time in syntax acquisition. The phenomenon of facilitation within given structures has been widely documented, yet inter-structure facilitation has rarely been reported so far. Our findings are based on the naturalistic production corpora of six toddlers learning Hebrew as their first language. We use regression analysis, a method that has not been used to study this phenomenon. We find that the proportion of errors among the earliest produced clauses in a structure is related to the degree of acceleration of that structure's learning curve; that with the accretion of structures the proportion of errors among the first clauses of new structures declines, as does the acceleration of their learning curves. We interpret our findings as showing that learning new syntactic structures is made easier, or facilitated, by previously acquired ones.
Egg consumption and CHD and stroke mortality: a prospective study of US adults
Authors: Scrafford Carolyn G , Tran Nga L , Barraj Leila M , Mink Pamela J 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between egg consumption and CHD and stroke mortality using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988–1994 (NHANES III) and follow-up survey.DesignA cross-sectional survey using a stratified, multi-stage probability sample was analysed, adjusting for survey design. Egg consumption was obtained from the FFQ and separated into categories of egg intake. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for CHD and stroke mortality using multivariate Cox regression models.SettingA health and nutrition survey conducted in the USA from 1988 to 1994 with follow-up through 31 December 2000.SubjectsThe study population included men and women who were free of CVD and had completed a FFQ at baseline.ResultsMultivariate models adjusting for health, lifestyle and dietary factors indicated that ‘high’ egg consumption (≥7 times/weekv. <1 time/week) was not associated with significantly increased CHD mortality (HR = 1·13, 95 % CI 0·61, 2·11 (men); HR = 0·92, 95 % CI 0·27, 3·11 (women)). There was a statistically significant inverse association between ‘high’ egg consumption and stroke mortality among men (HR = 0·27, 95 % CI 0·10, 0·73), but the estimate was imprecise because of sparse data. We did not observe a statistically significant positive association between ‘high’ egg consumption and CHD or stroke mortality in analyses restricted to individuals with diabetes, but these analyses may be limited due to the small number of diabetics.ConclusionsWe did not find a significant positive association between egg consumption and increased risk of mortality from CHD or stroke in the US population. These results corroborate the findings of previous studies.
A study in two centres of variations in the time of apical barrier detection and barrier position in nonvital immature permanent incisors
Authors: Kinirons M. J. , Srinivasan V. , Welbury R. R. , Finucane D. 
Published: July 2010

Summary.Objectives. To study barrier formation in nonvital, immature permanent incisors being treated using the apexification technique in two centres, and to establish the effect of the frequency of change of calcium hydroxide (CaOH) on barrier detection times.Design. A retrospective study of the time of detection and the position of barriers.Results. There were no significant differences between the two centres in terms of the average frequency of change of each CaOH dressing, the distribution of barrier detection times or the position of barriers (P > 0·05). There was a total of 107 teeth and the time of barrier detection was significantly earlier in more frequently dressed teeth (P = 0·013). Of the teeth with a barrier detection time of less than 9 months, 60.7% were dressed more frequently than every 3 months, as opposed to 39·1% of teeth with longer barrier times (P = 0·027). The mean time of barrier detection for all cases was 43·3 weeks. The majority of barriers were located at or near the apex.Conclusion. The frequency of change of CaOH can increase the speed of barrier detection but does not appear to affect the position.
The indwelling ureteric stent: a ‘friendly’ procedure with unfriendly high morbidity
Authors: Richter S. , Ringel A. , Shalev M. , Nissenkorn I. 
Published: July 2010

Objective To review the morbidity and complications of ureteric stent insertion and to evaluate specifically the effect of an indwelling ureteric stent on the changes in hydronephrosis after stenting.Patients and methods In a prospective study, 110 renal units with a stent in place were evaluated in 90 patients. Of the 110 stents, 52 were left in place for 3 months, 23 for 6, 11 for 9, 19 for 12 and five (forgotten stents) for 13–30 months. The patients were followed using plain abdominal X‐ray at 1 and 30 days after stenting. They were further followed using ultrasonography and plain films every 3 months until the scheduled date for stent removal or the appearance of complications.Results Thirty‐four patients had fever and bacteriuria after stent insertion. Of the 110 stents, 11 (10%) fragmented and nine (8%) migrated. Seventeen patients complained of flank pain on voiding. In 21 renal units (19%) there was no change in the severity of hydronephrosis, whereas in six (5.5%) hydronephrosis developed or worsened after stenting.Conclusion Although ureteric stenting is undoubtedly an important procedure to relieve ureteric obstruction, the indications for stent insertion should be considered carefully in every patient. The close follow‐up of stented patients is valuable for the early detection of morbidity or complications and in such cases the stent should be removed or exchanged as soon as possible.
Workshop 2: Approaches for Studying the Biological Roles of Sphingolipids. Probing apoptosis during neuronal development with novel ceramide analogs
Authors: Bieberich E. , MacKinnon S. , Silva J. , Yu R. K. 
Published: July 2010

Lipid analysis of gestational day E14.5 mouse brain revealed elevation of ceramide to a tissue concentration that induced apoptosis when added to the medium of neuroprogenitor cells grown in cell culture. Elevation of ceramide was coincident with the first appearance of β‐series complex gangliosides (BCGs). Expression of BCGs by stable transfection of murine neuroblastoma (F‐11) cells with sialyltransferase‐II (ST2) resulted in a 70% reduction of apoptosis that was induced with the novel ceramide analog (NCA) N‐oleoyl serinol (S18). This was most likely due to an 80% reduced expression of prostate apoptotis response‐4 (PAR‐4). PAR‐4 expression and apoptosis were restored by preincubation of ST2‐transfected cells with N‐butyl deoxinojirimycin (NB‐DNJ) or PD98059, two inhibitors of ganglioside biosynthesis or p42/44 MAPK‐kinase, respectively. In sections of day E14.5 mouse brain, the intermediate zone showed intensive staining for complex gangliosides, but only low staining for apoptosis (TUNEL) and PAR‐4. Apoptosis and PAR‐4 expression, however, were elevated in the ventricular zone, which only weakly stained for complex gangliosides. Complex gangliosides may thus activate a cell survival mechanism that selectively protects developing neurons against ceramide‐induced apoptosis by up‐regulation of MAPK and reduction of PAR‐4 expression. NCAs may be useful to analyse the molecular mechanisms that underlie or counteract ceramide‐induced apoptosis during neuronal development.Acknowledgements:  Supported by grants MH61934‐04 (to E.B.) and NS11853 (to R.K.Y.).
The role of GM1 and other gangliosides in neuronal function
Authors: Ledeen R. , Wu G. , Lu Z‐H. 
Published: July 2010

Study of neuronal ganglioside function at the cellular level has involved observation of morphological/biochemical changes induced by application of exogenous ganglioside(s) or manipulation of endogenous gangliosides. The first approach was used by several laboratories to study the neuritogenic properties of gangliosides, until it was recognized that this effect was nonspecific and required relatively high (e.g. nonphysiological) concentrations. More recently it was shown that the nature of the induced neurites in neuroblastoma cells differs, those created by exogenous GM1 resembling dendrites in contrast to those accompanying elevation of endogenous GM1 which were axonic (J. Neurocytol. 26: 1–14). Alteration of endogenous gangliosides is accomplished in a number of ways: (a) use of metabolic inhibitors; (b) use of neuraminidase to increase of cell surface GM1; (c) creation of mutant cells. An example of the latter was selection of a cholera toxin resistant clone of NG108‐15 cells that lacks GM1 and is defective in regulation of intracellular Ca2+ (J. Neurochem. 76: 690–702). In focusing on endogenous gangliosides, a key question is which particular rotein or membrane system is associated with and modulated by a specific ganglioside. The opioid receptor is one example, which is converted from inhibitory to excitatory mode through GM1 association (Mol. Brain Res. 44: 341–346). More recently GM1 in the nuclear envelope was found to tightly associate with and strongly potentiate a Na–Ca exchanger in the same membrane. Since this association survives SDS‐PAGE, a study has been undertaken to determine the nature of this very tight linkage. There are other examples of tight association between ganglioside and protein that require similar study.Acknowledgements:  Supported by NIH grant NS33912.
Neuropeptide regulation of microglial function
Authors: Jonakait G. M. , Kim W.‐K. , Delgado M. , Su Y. , Ganea D. 
Published: July 2010

Activated microglia are major producers of cytokines and chemokines in the injured or diseased brain. Neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the related pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) have potent anti‐inflammatory actions on peripheral immune cells. Microglia, too, have receptors for these peptides. When ligated, they inhibit the production of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α at both the protein and mRNA levels. VIP/PACAP also down‐regulate the expression of microglial‐ derived chemokines MIP‐2, KC, MIP‐1, MCP‐1 and RANTES. Inhibition of chemokine gene expression correlates with an inhibitory effect on NFkB binding, is mediated through the VPAC1 receptor, and involves a cAMP‐dependent pathway. VIP/PACAP also decrease expression of costimulatory molecules CD40 and B7‐2 on stimulated microglia. The inclusion of an anti‐IL‐10 antibody completely abrogates PACAP inhibition of LPS‐induced CD40 expression, suggesting that PACAP inhibition is at least partly mediated by IL‐10. Indeed, PACAP enhances LPS‐induced IL‐10 mRNA and protein levels suggesting that neuropeptides, through an increase in IL‐10 protein, down‐regulate costimulatory molecule expression on microglia. Another neuropeptide, galanin, also down‐regulates TNF‐α, but only at the protein level. Analyses of poly(A) acquisition and mRNA degradation suggest that galanin inhibits TNF‐α protein by preventing the addition of the poly(A) tail and/or by destabilization of the mRNA. These data taken together suggest that neuropeptides potently influence microglial activity.Acknowledgements:  Supported by PHS AI 041786, Charles and Johanna Busch Foundation, and Johnson & Johnson.
Behavioural and gene transcription alterations induced by spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal in mice
Authors: Oliva José M. , Ortiz Sergio , Palomo Tomás , Manzanares Jorge 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study examined behavioural signs that occur during tolerance development to cannabinoid treatment and hormonal and gene expression alterations induced by spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal in mice. Tolerance to CP‐55,940 treatment developed for hypothermia, ambulatory and exploratory locomotor activity. Cessation of cannabinoid treatment resulted in a behavioural withdrawal syndrome characterized by a pronounced increase in ambulatory activity and rearings. Corticosterone plasma concentrations dramatically increased 24 and 72 h after cessation of cannabinoid treatment. Similarly, an increase (40%) in cannabinoid [35S]GTPγS binding autoradiography was detected on days 1 and 3 of abstinence. Spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal produced time‐related significant alterations in gene transcription: (i) decreased (20%) tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA levels in the ventral tegmental area and increased (50%) in substantia nigra; (ii) increased proenkephalin (PENK) gene expression more than 100% in caudate‐putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle and piriform cortex; (iii) increased (20–40%) pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. These results suggest that spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal occur after cessation of CP‐55,940 treatment. This ‘syndrome’ includes behavioural, hormonal and gene transcription alterations that seems to be part of the regulation of neuronal plasticity induced by spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal.
Neuronal activity‐dependent nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of HDAC4 and HDAC5
Authors: Chawla Sangeeta , Vanhoutte Peter , Arnold Fiona J. L. , Huang Christopher L.‐H. , Bading Hilmar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe class II histone deacetylases, HDAC4 and HDAC5, directly bind to and repress myogenic transcription factors of the myocyte enhancer factor‐2 (MEF‐2) family thereby inhibiting skeletal myogenesis. During muscle differentiation, repression of gene transcription by MEF‐2/HDAC complexes is relieved due to calcium/calmodulin‐dependent (CaM) kinase‐induced translocation of HDAC4 and HDAC5 to the cytoplasm. MEF‐2 proteins and HDACs are also highly expressed in the nervous system and have been implicated in neuronal survival and differentiation. Here we investigated the possibility that the subcellular localization of HDACs, and thus their ability to repress target genes, is controlled by synaptic activity in neurones. We found that, in cultured hippocampal neurones, the localization of HDAC4 and HDAC5 is dynamic and signal‐regulated. Spontaneous electrical activity was sufficient for nuclear export of HDAC4 but not of HDAC5. HDAC5 translocation to the cytoplasm was induced following stimulation of calcium flux through synaptic NMDA receptors or L‐type calcium channels; glutamate bath application (stimulating synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors) antagonized nuclear export. Activity‐induced nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of both HDACs was partially blocked by the CaM kinase inhibitor KN‐62 with HDAC5 nuclear export being more sensitive to CaM kinase inhibition than that of HDAC4. Thus, the subcellular localization of HDACs in neurones is specified by neuronal activity; differences in the activation thresholds for HDAC4 and HDAC5 nuclear export provides a mechanism for input‐specific gene expression.
Aggregate formation and the impairment of long‐term synaptic facilitation by ectopic expression of mutant huntingtin in Aplysia neurons
Authors: Lee Jin‐A , Lim Chae‐Seok , Lee Seung‐Hee , Kim Hyoung , Nukina Nobuyuki , Kaang Bong‐Kiun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is caused by an expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within huntingtin (htt) protein. To examine the cytotoxic effects of polyQ‐expanded htt, we overexpressed an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)‐tagged N‐terminal fragment of htt with 150 glutamine residues (Nhtt150Q‐EGFP) in Aplysia neurons. A combined confocal and electron microscopic study showed that Aplysia neurons expressing Nhtt150Q‐EGFP displayed numerous abnormal aggregates (diameter 0.5–5 µm) of filamentous structures, which were formed rapidly (approximately 2 h) but which were sustained for at least 18 days in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, the overexpression of Nhtt150Q‐EGFP in sensory cells impaired 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT)‐induced long‐term synaptic facilitation in sensori‐motor synapses without affecting basal synaptic strength or short‐term facilitation. This study demonstrates the stability of polyQ‐based aggregates and their specific effects on long‐term synaptic plasticity.