bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earthquake-related versus non-earthquake-related injuries in spinal injury patients: differentiation with multidetector computed tomography
Authors: Dong Zhi-hui , Yang Zhi-gang , Chen Tian-wu , Chu Zhi-gang , Wang Qi-ling , Deng Wen , Denor Joseph C 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Introduction
In recent years, several massive earthquakes have occurred across the globe. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is reliable in detecting spinal injuries. The purpose of this study was to compare the features of spinal injuries resulting from the Sichuan earthquake with those of non-earthquake-related spinal trauma using MDCT.

Methods
Features of spinal injuries of 223 Sichuan earthquake-exposed patients and 223 non-earthquake-related spinal injury patients were retrospectively compared using MDCT. The date of non-earthquake-related spinal injury patients was collected from 1 May 2009 to 22 July 2009 to avoid the confounding effects of seasonal activity and clothing. We focused on anatomic sites, injury types and neurologic deficits related to spinal injuries. Major injuries were classified according to the grid 3-3-3 scheme of the Magerl (AO) classification system.

Results
A total of 185 patients (82.96%) in the earthquake-exposed cohort experienced crush injuries. In the earthquake and control groups, 65 and 92 patients, respectively, had neurologic deficits. The anatomic distribution of these two cohorts was significantly different (P < 0.001). Cervical spinal injuries were more common in the control group (risk ratio (RR) = 2.12, P < 0.001), whereas lumbar spinal injuries were more common in the earthquake-related spinal injuries group (277 of 501 injured vertebrae; 55.29%). The major types of injuries were significantly different between these cohorts (P = 0.002). Magerl AO type A lesions composed most of the lesions seen in both of these cohorts. Type B lesions were more frequently seen in earthquake-related spinal injuries (RR = 1.27), while we observed type C lesions more frequently in subjects with non-earthquake-related spinal injuries (RR = 1.98, P = 0.0029).

Conclusions
Spinal injuries sustained in the Sichuan earthquake were located mainly in the lumbar spine, with a peak prevalence of type A lesions and a high occurrence of neurologic deficits. The anatomic distribution and type of spinal injuries that varied between earthquake-related and non-earthquake-related spinal injury groups were perhaps due to the different mechanism of injury.
Reappraising the concept of massive transfusion in trauma
Authors: Stanworth Simon J , Morris Timothy P , Gaarder Christine , Goslings J Carel , Maegele Marc , Cohen Mitchell J , König Thomas C , Davenport Ross A , Pittet Jean-Francois , Johansson Pär I , Allard Shubha , Johnson Tony , Brohi Karim 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Introduction
The massive-transfusion concept was introduced to recognize the dilutional complications resulting from large volumes of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). Definitions of massive transfusion vary and lack supporting clinical evidence. Damage-control resuscitation regimens of modern trauma care are targeted to the early correction of acute traumatic coagulopathy. The aim of this study was to identify a clinically relevant definition of trauma massive transfusion based on clinical outcomes. We also examined whether the concept was useful in that early prediction of massive transfusion requirements could allow early activation of blood bank protocols.

Methods
Datasets on trauma admissions over a 1 or 2-year period were obtained from the trauma registries of five large trauma research networks. A fractional polynomial was used to model the transfusion-associated probability of death. A logistic regression model for the prediction of massive transfusion, defined as 10 or more units of red cell transfusions, was developed.

Results
In total, 5,693 patient records were available for analysis. Mortality increased as transfusion requirements increased, but the model indicated no threshold effect. Mortality was 9% in patients who received none to five PRBC units, 22% in patients receiving six to nine PRBC units, and 42% in patients receiving 10 or more units. A logistic model for prediction of massive transfusion was developed and validated at multiple sites but achieved only moderate performance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.81, with specificity of only 50% at a sensitivity of 90% for the prediction of 10 or more PRBC units. Performance varied widely at different trauma centers, with specificity varying from 48% to 91%.

Conclusions
No threshold for definition exists at which a massive transfusion specifically results in worse outcomes. Even with a large sample size across multiple trauma datasets, it was not possible to develop a transportable and clinically useful prediction model based on available admission parameters. Massive transfusion as a concept in trauma has limited utility, and emphasis should be placed on identifying patients with massive hemorrhage and acute traumatic coagulopathy.
Direct comparison of serial B-type natriuretic peptide and NT-proBNP levels for prediction of short- and long-term outcome in acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Noveanu Markus , Breidthardt Tobias , Potocki Mihael , Reichlin Tobias , Twerenbold Raphael , Uthoff Heiko , Socrates Thenral , Arenja Nisha , Reiter Miriam , Meissner Julia , Heinisch Corinna , Stalder Sybille , Mueller Christian 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Monitoring treatment efficacy and assessing outcome by serial measurements of natriuretic peptides in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients may help to improve outcome.

Methods
This was a prospective multi-center study of 171 consecutive patients (mean age 80 73-85 years) presenting to the emergency department with ADHF. Measurement of BNP and NT-proBNP was performed at presentation, 24 hours, 48 hours and at discharge. The primary endpoint was one-year all-cause mortality; secondary endpoints were 30-days all-cause mortality and one-year heart failure (HF) readmission.

Results
During one-year follow-up, a total of 60 (35%) patients died. BNP and NT-proBNP levels were higher in non-survivors at all time points (all P < 0.001). In survivors, treatment reduced BNP and NT-proBNP levels by more than 50% (P < 0.001), while in non-survivors treatment did not lower BNP and NT-proBNP levels. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the prediction of one-year mortality increased during the course of hospitalization for BNP (AUC presentation: 0.67; AUC 24 h: 0.77; AUC 48 h: 0.78; AUC discharge: 0.78) and NT-proBNP (AUC presentation: 0.67; AUC 24 h: 0.73; AUC 48 h: 0.75; AUC discharge: 0.77). In multivariate analysis, BNP at 24 h (1.02 [1.01-1.04], P = 0.003), 48 h (1.04 [1.02-1.06], P < 0.001) and discharge (1.02 [1.01-1.03], P < 0.001) independently predicted one-year mortality, while only pre-discharge NT-proBNP was predictive (1.07 [1.01-1.13], P = 0.016). Comparable results could be obtained for the secondary endpoint 30-days mortality but not for one-year HF readmissions.

Conclusions
BNP and NT-proBNP reliably predict one-year mortality in patients with ADHF. Prognostic accuracy of both biomarker increases during the course of hospitalization. In survivors BNP levels decline more rapidly than NT-proBNP levels and thus seem to allow earlier assessment of treatment efficacy. Ability to predict one-year HF readmission was poor for BNP and NT-proBNP.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00514384.
Acute and delayed mild coagulopathy are related to outcome in patients with isolated traumatic brain injury
Authors: Greuters Sjoerd , van den Berg Annelies , Franschman Gaby , Viersen Victor A , Beishuizen Albertus , Peerdeman Saskia M , Boer Christa ,   ALARM-BLEEDING investigators
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Introduction
The relationship between isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI) associated coagulopathy and patient prognosis frequently lacks information regarding the time course of coagulation disorders throughout the post-traumatic period. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and time course of post-traumatic coagulopathy in patients with isolated TBI and the relationship of these hemostatic disorders with outcome.

Methods
The local Human Subjects Committee approved the study. We retrospectively studied the medical records of computed tomography (CT)-confirmed isolated TBI patients with an extracranial abbreviated injury scale (AIS) <3 who were primarily referred to a Level 1 trauma centre in Amsterdam (n = 107). Hemostatic parameters including activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), platelet count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, pH and lactate levels were recorded throughout a 72-hour period as part of a routine standardized follow-up of TBI. Coagulopathy was defined as a aPPT >40 seconds and/or a PTT in International Normalized Ratio (INR) >1.2 and/or a platelet count <120*109/l.

Results
Patients were mostly male, aged 48 ± 20 years with a median injury severity score of 25 (range 20 to 25). Early coagulopathy as diagnosed in the emergency department (ED) occurred in 24% of all patients. The occurrence of TBI-related coagulopathy increased to 54% in the first 24 hours post-trauma. In addition to an increased age and disturbed pupillary reflex, both coagulopathy upon ED arrival and during the first 24 hours post-trauma provided an independent prognostic factor for unfavorable outcome (odds ratio (OR) 3.75 (95% CI 1.07 to 12.51; P = 0.04) and OR 11.61 (2.79 to 48.34); P = 0.003).

Conclusions
Our study confirms a high prevalence of early and delayed coagulopathy in patients with isolated TBI, which is strongly associated with an unfavorable outcome. These data support close monitoring of hemostasis after TBI and indicate that correction of coagulation disturbances might need to be considered.
The Genomic HyperBrowser: inferential genomics at the sequence level
Authors: Sandve Geir K , Gundersen Sveinung , Rydbeck Halfdan , Glad Ingrid K , Holden Lars , Holden Marit , Liestøl Knut , Clancy Trevor , Ferkingstad Egil , Johansen Morten , Nygaard Vegard , Tøstesen Eivind , Frigessi Arnoldo , Hovig Eivind 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe immense increase in the generation of genomic scale data poses an unmet analytical challenge, due to a lack of established methodology with the required flexibility and power. We propose a first principled approach to statistical analysis of sequence-level genomic information. We provide a growing collection of generic biological investigations that query pairwise relations between tracks, represented as mathematical objects, along the genome. The Genomic HyperBrowser implements the approach and is available at http://hyperbrowser.uio.no.
Large scale comparison of global gene expression patterns in human and mouse
Authors: Zheng-Bradley Xiangqun , Rung Johan , Parkinson Helen , Brazma Alvis 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Background
It is widely accepted that orthologous genes between species are conserved at the sequence level and perform similar functions in different organisms. However, the level of conservation of gene expression patterns of the orthologous genes in different species has been unclear. To address the issue, we compared gene expression of orthologous genes based on 2,557 human and 1,267 mouse samples with high quality gene expression data, selected from experiments stored in the public microarray repository ArrayExpress.

Results
In a principal component analysis (PCA) of combined data from human and mouse samples merged on orthologous probesets, samples largely form distinctive clusters based on their tissue sources when projected onto the top principal components. The most prominent groups are the nervous system, muscle/heart tissues, liver and cell lines. Despite the great differences in sample characteristics and experiment conditions, the overall patterns of these prominent clusters are strikingly similar for human and mouse. We further analyzed data for each tissue separately and found that the most variable genes in each tissue are highly enriched with human-mouse tissue-specific orthologs and the least variable genes in each tissue are enriched with human-mouse housekeeping orthologs.

Conclusions
The results indicate that the global patterns of tissue-specific expression of orthologous genes are conserved in human and mouse. The expression of groups of orthologous genes co-varies in the two species, both for the most variable genes and the most ubiquitously expressed genes.
ArchAlign: coordinate-free chromatin alignment reveals novel architectures
Authors: Lai William KM , Buck Michael J 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTo facilitate identification and characterization of genomic functional elements, we have developed a chromatin architecture alignment algorithm (ArchAlign). ArchAlign identifies shared chromatin structural patterns from high-resolution chromatin structural datasets derived from next-generation sequencing or tiled microarray approaches for user defined regions of interest. We validated ArchAlign using well characterized functional elements, and used it to explore the chromatin structural architecture at CTCF binding sites in the human genome. ArchAlign is freely available at http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~mjbuck/ArchAlign.html.
Enhanced structural variant and breakpoint detection using SVMerge by integration of multiple detection methods and local assembly
Authors: Wong Kim , Keane Thomas M , Stalker James , Adams David J 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe present a pipeline, SVMerge, to detect structural variants by integrating calls from several existing structural variant callers, which are then validated and the breakpoints refined using local de novo assembly. SVMerge is modular and extensible, allowing new callers to be incorporated as they become available. We applied SVMerge to the analysis of a HapMap trio, demonstrating enhanced structural variant detection, breakpoint refinement, and a lower false discovery rate. SVMerge can be downloaded from http://svmerge.sourceforge.net.
Cofilin regulator 14-3-3ζ is an evolutionarily conserved protein required for phagocytosis and microbial resistance
Authors: Ulvila Johanna , Vanha-aho Leena-Maija , Kleino Anni , Vähä-Mäkilä Mari , Vuoksio Milka , Eskelinen Sinikka , Hultmark Dan , Kocks Christine , Hallman Mikko , Parikka Mataleena , Rämet Mika 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTPhagocytosis is an ancient cellular process that plays an important role in host defense. In Drosophila melanogaster phagocytic, macrophage-like hemocytes recognize and ingest microbes. We performed an RNAi-based in vitro screen in the Drosophila hemocyte cell line S2 and identified Abi, cpa, cofilin regulator 14-3-3ζ, tlk, CG2765, and CG15609 as mediators of bacterial phagocytosis. Of these identified genes, 14-3-3ζ had an evolutionarily conserved role in phagocytosis: bacterial phagocytosis was compromised when 14-3-3ζ was targeted with RNAi in primary Drosophila hemocytes and when the orthologous genes Ywhab and Ywhaz were silenced in zebrafish and mouse RAW 264.7 cells, respectively. In Drosophila and zebrafish infection models, 14-3-3ζ was required for resistance against Staphylococcus aureus. We conclude that 14-3-3ζ is essential for phagocytosis and microbial resistance in insects and vertebrates.
SIGN-R1+MHC II+ cells of the splenic marginal zone—a novel type of resident dendritic cells
Authors: Łyszkiewicz Marcin , Ziętara Natalia , Rohde Manfred , Gekara Nelson O , Jabłońska Jadwiga , Dittmar Kurt E , Weiss Siegfried 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTIn the spleen, the MZ forms an interface between red and white pulp. Its major function is to trap blood-borne antigens and to reorient them to APCs and lymphocytes. SIGN-R1+ cells are of the MZ inherent cell population, which for a long time, have been considered as macrophages. We now show that one subpopulation of SIGN-R1+ cells that express MHC II molecules should be considered as a resident DC. Histological analysis indicated that SIGN-R1+ cells have dendritic-like protrusions extending into T and B cell areas. Flow cytometry analysis revealed an expression profile of adhesion, costimulatory, and MHC molecules similar to cDCs but distinct from macrophages. Most importantly, SIGN-R1+MHC+ cells were able to present antigen to naïve CD4 T cells, as well as to cross-present soluble, particulate antigens secreted by Listeria monocytogenes to CD8 T cells in vitro and in vivo. Our experiments identified SIGN-R1+MHC II+ cells as professional APCs and indicate their nature as splenic resident DCs.
Thymidylate Synthase Genotype-Directed Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation for Patients With Rectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tan Benjamin R. , Thomas Fabienne , Myerson Robert J. , Zehnbauer Barbara , Trinkaus Kathryn , Malyapa Robert S. , Mutch Matthew G. , Abbey Elliot E. , Alyasiry Amer , Fleshman James W. , McLeod Howard L. 
Published: January 2011

Purpose Downstaging (DS) of rectal cancers is achieved in approximately 45% of patients with neoadjuvant fluorouracil (FU) -based chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Polymorphisms in the thymidylate synthase gene (TYMS) had previously defined two risk groups associated with disparate tumor DS rates (60% v 22%). We conducted a prospective single-institution phase II study using TYMS genotyping to direct neoadjuvant CRT for patients with rectal cancer. Patients and Methods Patients with T3/T4, N0-2, M0-1 rectal adenocarcinoma were evaluated for germline TYMS genotyping. Patients with TYMS *2/*2, *2/*3, or *2/*4 (good risk) were treated with standard chemoradiotherapy using infusional FU at 225 mg/m2/d. Patients with TYMS *3/*3 or *3/*4 (poor risk) were treated with FU/RT plus weekly intravenous irinotecan at 50 mg/m2. The primary end point was pathologic DS. Secondary end points included complete tumor response (ypT0), toxicity, recurrence rates, and overall survival. Results Overall, 135 patients were enrolled, of whom 27.4% (37 of 135) were considered poor risk. The prespecified statistical goals were achieved, with DS and ypT0 rates reaching 64.4% and 20% for good-risk and 64.5% and 42% for poor-risk patients, respectively. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to prospectively use TYMS genotyping to direct neoadjuvant CRT in patients with rectal cancer. High rates of DS and ypT0 were achieved among both risk groups when personalized treatment was based on TYMS genotype. These results are encouraging, and further evaluation of this genotype-based strategy using a randomized study design for locally advanced rectal cancer is warranted.
Performative Prozesse der Kulturbegegnung und des Kulturkontakts: Hybrider und paradoxer Modus
Authors: Gvozdeva Katja 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This paper discusses the performativity of intercultural encounters and transcultural fields against the background of the leading theoretical concepts and models elaborated within the current cultural studies: cultural transfer, third space, contact zones, transdifference, moment of wonder. The aim is to propose a differentiated methodological approach to intercultural encounters based on the opposition between two different modes of performativity: paradoxical and hybrid.
Medienkulturelle Dialoge. Virtuell-interaktive Ethnoscapes
Authors: Spielmann Yvonne 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Among present creative practices, I feel two important criteria stand out: one is the crossover of different cultural and media elements in dialogical contexts; the other is the interaction of different views, attitudes and realities in processes of interactivity and virtuality wherein we experience variety and diversity beyond and across the dominant modes of homogenizing difference. Critical engagement beyond such polarities keeps cultural dialogue alive and inhabits the in-between zones with dynamic interaction in media landscapes. In this respect, radical artists′ practices will manifest themselves as creative interventions.
Striking the Right Note: Thomas Dallam′s Negotiation of Alterity in Istanbul (1599)
Authors: Müller Sabine Lucia 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This paper starts by exploring contemporary perceptions of Thomas Dallam (born c. 1570, died after 1614), an English organ maker who is cast as a worthy predecessor of contemporary tourists. After considering the significance of such presentist styling of Dallam as an early 'director′ of an Orientalist gaze, the argument turns to Dallam′s account of his visit to the Ottoman court. While the asymmetry of power relations (Marie Louise Pratt) evident in Dallam′s description has been defused by the text′s popular reception in Britain, this paper participates in contemporary scholarly attempts at recontextualising Dallam′s travel account within its historical setting. A close reading of Dallam′s text establishes it as a poignant example of early modern cultural encounters before Orientalism (Richmond Barbour). Dallam′s text points to specific moments during which the performative character of the encounter disrupts textual closure and binary forms of signification. His account is truly remarkable for its representation of Dallam′s ongoing negotiation of both his experience of cultural encounter and of existing reductive preconceptions about Ottoman culture and society.
Kontaktzonen und der Körper des Anthropologen. Zu den Tagebuchaufzeichnungen und Briefen von Franz Boas und Bronislaw Malinowski
Authors: Bührmann Mario 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This paper explores how the concept of the 'contact zone′ (conceived by Mary Louise Pratt) can be extended by means of an issue which she does not mention: the physical shape and specific corporeal reactions of those acting in cultural encounters. By means of two case studies it will be questioned if and how ethnographers regard their body as an important constituent of 'contact zones′ generated by anthropological fieldwork ‒ and how concepts of performativity may serve to shed light on these particular interactions between the ethnographer′s body and its social environment. Therefore I will pay attention to the records in the diaries and letters of Franz Boas (18581942) und Bronislaw Malinowski (18841942), since both scholars are wedded with the methodological scheme of 'participant observation′, which specifically claims the physical presence of the ethnographer by means of long standing fieldwork. With a 'performative′ view to their 'fieldwork performances′ it becomes clear that they, certainly without using the term, even regard and utilize their skin as a 'contact zone′: through the corporeal surface and its physical resistance they detect the haptic, olfactory and gustatory qualities of social life. Moreover, a performative′ view to the concept of the 'contact zone′, particularly against the background of this ethnological context, exposes the problem of the seminal methodological scheme of 'participant observation′.
Theatricality in Ethnography at the World Trade Organization. The Para-Site as Experimental Form
Authors: Deeb Hadi Nicholas , Marcus George E. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Contemporary anthropological research requires innovation in method that can take the measure of consequential reflection by many subjects on knowledge production within their own domains and anticipate how a research project might connect productively with various discursive communities and networks given the increasing complexity of ethnographic scale and context. One such innovation, the para-site, addresses these challenges by enlisting reflexive subjects as epistemic partners in orchestrated interactions situated alongside ongoing fieldwork activities. Our experiment set the para-site in the Green Room of the World Trade Organization and employed linguistic anthropology to facilitate exchanges at the level of our ethnography′s guiding concepts.