bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking cessation: training and support for healthcare practitioners
Authors: Brose Leonie S. , McEwen Andy 
Published: March 2012

AbstractVery brief advice, taking only 30 seconds to deliver, has been shown to help smokers to quit. However, many smokers receive no advice about smoking from their GP, and healthcare professionals often do not feel confident in discussing smoking cessation. The authors explain how a simple model can be used to deliver advice at every opportunity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons
The protective role of supportive friends against bullying perpetration and victimization
Authors: Kendrick Kristin , Jutengren Göran , Stattin Håkan 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTA crossed‐lagged regression model was tested to investigate relationships between friendship support, bullying involvement, and its consequences during adolescence. Students, 12–16 years (N = 880), were administered questionnaires twice, one year apart. Using structural equation modeling, a model was specified and higher levels of support from friends were related to lower levels of bullying and victimization one year later. Additionally, a bidirectional relationship between victimization and depression was found, and greater property crimes commission was related to higher levels of future bullying. These findings support the ‘friendship protection hypothesis’ and suggest the quality of support in friendships can protect against bullying victimization and perpetration. Prior research has shown that friendships can protect against victimization; however this is one of the few longitudinal studies to focus on the quality of friendship, rather than other characteristics of the friends. It is suggested that interventions should focus on increasing perceptions of support within existing friendships.
A GRAPHICAL CALCULUS FOR 2-BLOCK SPALTENSTEIN VARIETIES
Authors: SCHÄFER GISA 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe generalise statements known about Springer fibres associated to nilpotents with two Jordan blocks to Spaltenstein varieties. We study the geometry of generalised irreducible components (i.e. Bialynicki-Birula cells) and their pairwise intersections. In particular, we develop a graphical calculus that encodes their structure as iterated fibre bundles with ℂℙ1 as base spaces, and compute their cohomology. At the end, we present a connection with coloured cobordisms generalising the construction of Khovanov (M. Khovanov, A categorification of the Jones polynomial, Duke Math. J. 101(3) (2000), 359–426) and Stroppel (C. Stroppel, Parabolic category O, perverse sheaves on Grassmannians, Springer fibres and Khovanov homology, Compositio Mathematica145(4) (2009), 954–992).
New species and new combinations in the lichen generaFissurinaandHemitheciumfrom India
Authors: SHARMA Bharati O. , KHADILKAR Pradnya , MAKHIJA Urmila 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn continuation of our ongoing revisionary studies on the lichen familyGraphidaceaefrom India, a treatment of 25 species of the lichen generaFissurinaandHemitheciumfrom India is presented. In our earlier work on the lichen genusFissurina, 16 species were reported from India. In the present study, 17 additional species ofFissurinafrom India are recognized. Nine species, viz.Fissurina andamanensis,F. disposita, F. immersa, F. indica, F. microcarpa, F. nicobarensis, F. simplex, F. sporolata, andF. submonospora, are described as new to science. Seven species, viz.Fissurina canlaonensis, F. cingalina, F. comparimuralis, F. monospora, F. nitidescens, F. rubiginosa, andF. subnitidula, are recorded for the first time from India. One species,Fissurinasp. 1, is recorded but not formally described as new due to scanty material. Eight species in the lichen genusHemithecium, including three new species, viz.H. kodayarense, H. longilirellatum, H. verrucosum, and five new combinations, viz.Hemithecium andamanicum, H. flabillatum, H. flavoalbum, H. flexile, andH. norlabiatum, are also recognized in the present work. A revised key for the identification of all 33 species ofFissurinaand 26 species ofHemitheciumso far known from India is provided.
Validation of three species names and description of a new species in the genus Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae)
Authors: LÜCKING Robert , SUTJARITTURAKAN Jutarat , KALB Klaus 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThree names in the genus Graphis are validated: Graphisnorvestitoides Sutjaritturakan, G. rongklaensis Sutjaritturakan, and Graphis arbusculaeformis (Vain.) Lücking. In addition, the new species G. pseudoaquilonia Lücking is described, differing from G. norvestitoides in the clear versus inspersed hymenium.
Mapping Chinese Mining Investment in Latin America: Politics or Market?
Authors: Gonzalez-Vicente Ruben 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAnalyses of Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) sometimes question the investment criteria of Chinese firms, suggesting that market rules are not fundamental but secondary to political and geostrategic concerns. Questioning the apolitical nature of markets, the present article uses the internationalization of China's mining industry as a case study to ascertain the criteria that guide Chinese FDI. It first examines quantitative data from 2000 to 2010 which suggests that Chinese mining investment in Latin America and worldwide gravitates towards liberal economies. Second, by focusing on the projects of Chinese mining firms in Peru, the article illustrates how China's overseas mineral quest is best explained by probing into the integrated strategies of individual mining firms which seek to capitalize their comparative advantage in accessing Chinese markets and the political momentum of the “Going Out” strategy.
From Civil Liberties to Human Rights? British Civil Liberties Activism and Universal Human Rights
Authors: MOORES CHRISTOPHER 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article discusses British civil liberties organisations hoping to engage in a broader human rights politics during and immediately after the Second World War. It argues that various movements and organisations from sections of the British Left attempted to articulate a human rights politics which incorporated political, civil, social and economic rights during the 1940s and early 1950s. However, organisations were unable to express this and mobilise accordingly. This reflected the collapse of the popular-front-style alliances forged in the 1930s and the difficulties in articulating political positions distinct from the ideological polarisation that emerged with the onset of the Cold War.
Urban politics and material culture at the end of the Middle Ages: the Coventry tapestry in St Mary's Hall
Authors: LIDDY CHRISTIAN D. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT:This article uses the evidence of the internal decoration and spatial hierarchy of an English town hall to explore the construction of urban oligarchy in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. Urban historians have regarded this period as one of fundamental importance in the political history of pre-modern English towns. It is associated with the emergence of the ‘close corporation’, an oligarchic form of government which remained largely in place until the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835. The article examines the iconography and historical context of a tapestry, custom-made for the town hall of Coventry around 1500, to present a different view of the character of urban political culture at the end of the Middle Ages.
From oligarchy to a ‘rate payer's democracy’: the evolution of the Corporation of London, 1680s–1750s
Authors: LATHAM MARK 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT:Between the Glorious Revolution and the mid-eighteenth century the governance of the Corporation of London was transformed from an oligarchy of aldermen to a ‘rate payer's democracy’. Previous analyses of this transformation have produced a contradictory picture of how and why this shift in governance occurred. By analysing the Corporation's progress to democracy from an administrative perspective, this article argues that this process was more evolutionary in nature than has previously been suggested.
Overexpression of the gap junction protein Cx43 as found in diabetic foot ulcers can retard fibroblast migration
Authors: Mendoza‐Naranjo Ariadna , Cormie Peter , Serrano Antonio E. , Wang Chuihui M. , Thrasivoulou Christopher , Sutcliffe Jessica E.S. , Gilmartin Daniel J. , Tsui Janice , Serena Thomas E. , Phillips Anthony R.J. , Becker David L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPoor healing of DFUs (diabetic foot ulcers) is a major clinical problem that can be extremely debilitating and lead to lower limb amputation. In the normal acute wound, the Cx43 (connexin 43) gap junction protein is down‐regulated at the wound edge as a precursor to cell migration and healing. In fibroblasts from the human chronic DFU wound edge there was a striking and significant 10‐fold elevation of Cx43 protein, as well as a 6‐fold increase in N‐cadherin and a 2‐fold increase in ZO‐1 (zonular occludin‐1), compared with unwounded skin. In streptozotocin diabetic rats, Cx43 was found to be up‐regulated in intact dermal fibroblasts in direct proportion to blood glucose levels and increased 2‐fold further in response to wounding of the skin. To mimic diabetes, NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were cultured under different concentrations of glucose or mannitol and Cx43 protein intercellular communication and migration rates were determined. Cultures of fibroblasts in very high (40 mM) glucose conditions showed significantly elevated Cx43 protein levels, as shown by immunostaining and Western blotting, and significantly increasing gap junctional communication, as shown by dye transfer. In scratch wound‐healing assays, increased levels of Cx43 from high glucose resulted in repressed filopodial extensions and significantly slower migration rates than in either standard conditions (5.5 mM glucose) or the osmotic control of mannitol. Conversely, when glucose‐induced Cx43 up‐regulation was prevented with Cx43shRNA (Cx43 short‐hairpin RNA) transduction, the fibroblasts extended long filopodia and migrated significantly faster. Cx43 protein was up‐regulated in fibroblasts in DFUs as well as after high glucose exposure in culture which correlated with inhibition of fibroblast migration and is likely to contribute to impaired wound healing.
Ecological Comparison between Three Artificial Refuges and the Natural Habitat for Devils Hole Pupfish
Authors: Karam Abraham P. , Parker Michael S. , Lyons Lindsey T. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Attempts to maintain refuge populations of Devils Hole pupfish Cyprinodon diabolis in artificial tanks have achieved limited success. Previous studies have documented changes in morphological, behavioral, and genetic characteristics of refuge populations, which suggest that environmental conditions (and thus selective pressures) differ from those found in Devils Hole (DH). Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics were compared among the three Devils Hole pupfish refuges (Hoover Dam, School Springs, and Point of Rocks) and between each refuge and DH. In contrast to the thermally constant environment in DH (∼33°C), mean refuge temperatures were cooler and fluctuated on a weekly and seasonal basis. On two occasions, extreme temperature fluctuations lasting several weeks (due to water supply malfunctions) were recorded at the Hoover Dam (6°C decrease) and School Springs (22°C decrease) refuges. The physical design of the refuges precludes surface runoff from entering them; thick layers of anoxic sediment accumulated, particularly in School Springs (mean depth = 19.1 cm; range = 1–30 cm) and Point of Rocks (mean depth = 8.9 cm; range = 5–39 cm), thus burying the rocky substrate designed to replicate the upper shelf in DH. All three refuges had higher mean oxygen concentrations and lower coefficients of variation (CVs; range = 12.2–16.9%) than the DH upper shelf (CV = 52.5%), which receives limited direct sunlight. Attached algal standing crops differed several-fold among refuges (range = 31.0–231.7 g of ash-free dry mass/m2) but were not significantly different between seasons. In contrast, benthic biomass values reported from DH were smaller and varied seasonally. Aquatic invertebrate taxa that were abundant in DH were rare or absent in the refuges. These results demonstrate how artificial refuge environments deviate from natural conditions in DH and further illustrate the challenges faced when attempting to establish and maintain long-term refuge populations as a conservation strategy to preserve threatened and endangered fishes.
Received July 11, 2011; accepted December 19, 2011
An ecosystem approach for the assessment of fisheries impacts on marine top predators: the Bay of Biscay case study
Authors: Lassalle Géraldine , Gascuel Didier , Le Loc'h François , Lobry Jérémy , Pierce Graham John , Ridoux Vincent , Santos Maria Begoña , Spitz Jérôme , Niquil Nathalie 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Lassalle, G., Gascuel, D., Le Loc'h, F., Lobry, J., Pierce, G. J., Ridoux, V., Santos, M. B., Spitz, J., and Niquil, N. 2012. An ecosystem approach for the assessment of fisheries impacts on marine top predators: the Bay of Biscay case study. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 925–938. A number of marine mammal populations is currently threatened by their interactions with fisheries. The present study aimed to provide insights into the severity of potential impacts of operational and biological interactions between top predators and fisheries, in the Bay of Biscay region. Our approach was to modify an Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) model describing the overall structure and function of the ecosystem by including landings and discards of exploited stocks and estimations of the bycatch of non-target compartments. Second, a set of ecological indices and a trophic level (TL)-based model (EcoTroph, ET) were derived from the EwE model. ET was used to simulate the effects of increasing fishing pressure on the ecosystem and, more particularly, on top predators. The Bay of Biscay was demonstrated to be not far from overexploitation at the current fishing rate, this phenomenon being particularly noticeable for the highest TLs. Within the toothed cetacean community, bottlenose dolphins appeared the most sensitive to resource depletion, whereas common dolphins and harbour porpoises were most impacted by their incidental captures in fishing gears. This study provides a methodological framework to assess the impacts of fisheries on ecosystems for which EwE, or other ecosystem models, already exist.
Pancreatic Pseudocysts in Children
Authors: Makin Erica , Harrison Phillip M. , Patel Shailesh , Davenport Mark 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTAim:The aim of the present study was to review the use of endoscopic cyst gastrostomy (E‐CG) as a treatment option for pancreatic pseudocysts referred to a tertiary paediatric surgical centre.Methods:Retrospective review during a 10‐year period (January 2001–December 2010). Cyst gastrostomies were performed using 1 or 2 double pigtailed Zimmon stents (7–10 Fr) under general anaesthesia. Data are quoted as median (range).Results:E‐CG was performed in 7 (5 males) children (median age at presentation 11.7 [8.2–15.8] years). Pancreatic pseudocysts were caused by acute pancreatitis in 5 (gallstones n = 1, hereditary pancreatitis n = 1, pancreatic divisum n = 1, asparaginase induced n = 1, and idiopathic n = 1) and pancreatic trauma in 2 (motor vehicle accident n = 1, and handlebar injury n = 1). All of the cases were associated with a rise in serum amylase level, median 1028 (276–2077) IU/L at the peak of symptoms. Three children had pancreatic duct stent placement during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography as the initial therapeutic intervention, but went on to have E‐CG later. One who had a huge pseudocyst at presentation had already undergone an open cyst gastrostomy, which had recurred at 1 month. Rescue E‐CG was performed 38 days later. All of the stents were removed endoscopically at 8 (6–40) weeks. E‐CG was uncomplicated and pseudocysts resolved completely in 5. One required repeat placement at 15 days due to catheter slippage with later full resolution. One child required open cyst gastrostomy due to reaccumulation two months following removal of the stent. Median hospital stay post E‐CG was 3 (1–23) days. There has been no recurrence at median follow‐up of 18 (5–108) months.Conclusions:Endoscopic cyst gastrostomy is a safe and effective alternative for the management of pancreatic pseudocysts in children and should now be considered as treatment of choice.
Comprehensive methodological analysis of long‐term changes in phenological extremes in Germany
Authors: Schleip Christoph , Ankerst Donna P. , Böck Andreas , Estrella Nicole , Menzel Annette 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study reports on alterations in the magnitude and frequency of extremes in reproductive phenology using long‐term records (1951–2008) for plant species widely distributed across Germany. For each of fourteen indicator phases studied, time series of annual onset dates at up to 119 stations, providing 50–58 years of observation, were standardized by their station mean and standard deviation. Four alternative statistical models were applied and compared to derive probabilities of extreme early or late onset times for the phases: (1) Gaussian models were used to describe decadal probabilities of standardized anomalies, defined by data either falling below the 5th or exceeding the 95th percentile. (2) Semi‐parametric quantile regression was employed for flexible and robust modelling of trends in different quantiles of onset dates. (3) Generalized extreme value distributions (GEV) were fitted to annual detrended minima and maxima of standardized anomalies, and (4) Generalized Pareto distributions (GPD) were fitted to extremes defined as peaks over threshold. Probabilities of extreme early phenological events inferred from Gaussian models, increased on average from 3 to 12%, whereas probabilities of extreme late phenological events decreased from 6 to 2% over the study period. Based on quantile regressions, summer and autumn phases revealed a more pronounced advancing pattern than spring phases. Estimated return levels by GEV were similar for the GPD methods, indicating that extreme early phenological events of magnitudes 2.5, 2.8, and 3.6 on the detrended standardized anomaly scale would occur every 20 years for spring, summer and autumn phases, respectively. This corresponds to absolute onset advances of up to 2 months depending on the season and species. This study demonstrates how extreme phenological events can be accurately modelled even in cases of inherently small numbers of observations, and underlines the need for additional evaluation related to their impacts on ecosystem functioning.
Climate shifts the interaction web of a marine plankton community
Authors: Francis Tessa B. , Scheuerell Mark D. , Brodeur Richard D. , Levin Phillip S. , Ruzicka James J. , Tolimieri Nick , Peterson William T. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractClimatic effects in the ocean at the community level are poorly described, yet accurate predictions about ecosystem responses to changing environmental conditions rely on understanding biotic responses in a food‐web context to support knowledge about direct biotic responses to the physical environment. Here we conduct time‐series analyses with multivariate autoregressive (MAR) models of marine zooplankton abundance in the Northern California Current from 1996 to 2009 to determine the influence of climate variables on zooplankton community interactions. Autoregressive models showed different community interactions during warm vs. cool ocean climate conditions. Negative ecological interactions among zooplankton groups characterized the major warm phase during the time series, whereas during the major cool phase, ocean transport largely structured zooplankton communities. Local environmental conditions (sea temperature) and large‐scale climate indices (El Niño/Southern Oscillation) were associated with changes in zooplankton abundance across the full time series. Secondary environmental correlates of zooplankton abundance varied with ocean climate phase, with most support during the warm phase for upwelling as a covariate, and most support during the cool phase for salinity. Through simultaneous quantitation of community interactions and environmental covariates, we show that marine zooplankton community structure varies with climate, suggesting that predictions about ecosystem responses to future climate scenarios in the Northern California Current should include potential changes to the base of the pelagic food.
An investigation of striae distensae using reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Rolfe Heidi , Wurm Elisabeth , Gilmore Stephen 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: Striae distensae, otherwise known as stretch marks, are white or red scar‐like streaks on the skin. Although they are not associated with adverse health outcomes, striae are associated with significant cosmetic morbidity. While they have been well characterised histopathologically, a non‐invasive method of microscopic lesion assessment of striae would be welcome.Methods: To gain insight into the small‐scale morphological features associated with striae we undertook anin vivoinvestigation of nine patients with striae alba and one with striae rubra utilising reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM).Results: Here we demonstrate that features known to be present using light microscopy, such as parallel collagen bundles in the dermis, and some features that are not well recognised by light microscopy, including distortion of dermal papillae, are demonstrable using RCM.Conclusions: Characterising the features of early and established striae distensae with confocal microscopy is an important foundation for future work. The potential ability to reliably identify the earliest pathological changes in skin in early lesions or before clinically manifest striae develop – a task facilitated by our findings – will increase the understanding of their pathogenesis and will have significant practical utility in monitoring the impact of future preventative interventions.
Examining the orthopaedic examiners: reliability of the Part 2 Orthopaedic Clinical Fellowship Examination in Australia
Authors: Cundy Peter 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:  The Final Examination for Orthopaedic Surgeons in Australia comprises seven components of which two are written responses and five are oral examinations involving separate pairs of examiners.Methods:  The reliability of the examination process and close marking system was assessed by using a standardized DVD of a sham examination. Fifteen current examiners viewed the DVD and scored the viewed examination independently.Results:  The results demonstrated consistency in scoring and reliability. This validation is likely to be further increased by the current system of the pairing of examiners. Additionally, the patient‐based examination segments were found to be as reliably scored as the criterion‐referenced computer‐based examination stations.Conclusions:  Candidates for the Fellowship Examination should be reassured that this study has shown that the examination process has inter‐examiner reliability and consistency.
Exploring the Existence of Local and Global Knowledge Spillovers: Evidence from Plant‐Level Data*
Authors: Barrios Salvador , Bertinelli Luisito , Heinen Andreas , Strobl Eric 
Published: March 2012

Abstract We investigate the existence of local (within‐country) and global (between‐country) knowledge spillovers within a single analytical framework. Our study is based on a detailed database of domestically owned and foreign‐affiliated manufacturing plants located in Ireland. The results of our econometric analysis show that domestically owned plants benefit from the research and development (R&D) activities of other domestically owned plants, as well as from R&D activities conducted in the country of origin of foreign‐owned plants through their presence in Ireland. A fundamental difference between such locally generated and locally transmitted global spillovers appears to be that the latter are much less constrained by distance decay effects.