bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sovereign Gratitude: Hegel on Religion and the Gift
Authors: Lauer Christopher 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this paper I argue that one of the most important impulses that structure Hegel’s account of religion is the need to show gratitude for the gift of creation. Beginning with the “Love” fragment and 1805-6 Realphilosophie, I first explore what it means to see God’s relationship to spirit as one of externalization or divestment (Entäusserung). Then, relying on the Berlin Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, I argue that Hegel takes Christianity to be the Consummate Religion because it not only offers its own divestment to match God’s, but actually takes itself to participate in God’s own divestment. This leads to a discussion of revealed religion in the Phenomenology, which, in contrast to simpler forms of religion such as the worship of luminous being (Lichtwesen), is able to conceive of a divine generativity in which spirit actively participates. I conclude by identifying two political implications of the centrality of divestment in Hegel’s account. First, it means that, since Hegel takes Christianity to be unique in its representation of divine divestment, he cannot be a simple pluralist on religious truth. Second, Hegel’s emphasis on divestment in his various accounts of religion helps set up his critique of sovereignty from the standpoint of philosophy or absolute knowing. While religion still clings to a vision of humanity as sovereign over nature, its origin in gratitude for creation proves to be incompatible with this vision.
Phenomenology of Distraction, or Attention in the Fissuring of Time and Space
Authors: Marder Michael 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe goal of “Phenomenology of Distraction” is to explore the imbrication of attention and distraction within existential spatiality and temporality. First, I juxtapose the Heideggerian dispersion of concern (which includes, among other things, the attentive comportment) in everyday life, conceived as a way to get distracted from one’s impending mortality, to Fernando Pessoa’s embracing of the inauthentic, superficial, and restless existence, where attention necessarily reverts into distraction. Second, I consider the philosophical confessions of St. Augustine and Jean-Jacques Rousseau as evidence for the proto-phenomenological temporal synthesis that hinges upon distraction and dispersion, despite the confessors’ best efforts to pay attention to their inner life and to concentrate it in the eternal present. The paper concludes with an assessment of the ethical effects of mutual distraction, outlining a model of “distracted intersubjectivity.”
The Pentecostal Gospel of Prosperity in African Contexts of Poverty: An Appraisal
Authors: Togarasei Lovemore 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper discusses the paradox presented by two realities: the situation of extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa and the rapid growth of charismatic Pentecostal Christianity with its emphasis on prosperity. Earlier studies on Pentecostalism have identified its success among the poor as a result of its promise of prosperity. Indeed others have viewed this doctrine as an impetus for delusion. This paper critically reviews the Pentecostal gospel of prosperity in the context of the poverty experienced in sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, it discusses the possible contribution of this doctrine to sustainable development. Over and above a theorization of how this gospel can contribute to sustainable development for poverty reduction, the paper also discusses specific cases of how Pentecostal Christianity is contributing to poverty reduction in Zimbabwe and Botswana, for example.
Mapositori Churches and Politics in Zimbabwe: Political Dramas to Win the Support of Mapositori Churches
Authors: Vengeyi Obvious 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article confirms the validity of the well known observation by scholars regarding the intrinsic interconnectedness of religion and politics in Africa. This truism is affirmed by demonstrating how Zimbabwe’s main political parties, Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front (zanu-pf) and Movement for Democratic Change (mdc), contrary to their public statements appeal to religious leaders and groups for political survival. Special focus is on ‘white garment churches’ otherwise commonly known as Mapositori the biggest brand of African Initiated Churches. As such, mainline churches and traditional chiefs are considered in passing especially in order to understand the present state of affairs where Mapositori rule the roost in political matters of Zimbabwe.
Synthesis and Structures of a Series of Bulky “Rind-Br” Based on a Rigid Fused-Ring s-Hydrindacene Skeleton
Authors: Matsuo Tsukasa , Suzuki Katsunori , Fukawa Tomohide , Li Baolin , Ito Mikinao , Shoji Yoshiaki , Otani Takashi , Li Liangchun , Kobayashi Megumi , Hachiya Makoto , Tahara Yoshiyuki , Hashizume Daisuke , Fukunaga Takeo , Fukazawa Aiko , Li Yongming , Tsuji Hayato , Tamao Kohei 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A series of octa-R-substituted bromo-s-hydrindacenes, “Rind-Br,” have been synthesized by a sequence of the Lewis acid catalyzed intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction, bromination and vice versa. Their structural features and physical properties depend on the eight R-substituents at the four benzylic positions on the s-hydrindacenyl skeleton. The molecular structures of the Rind-Br have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography, indicating the unique structural diversities of the bulky Rind groups.
Polymorphism of 4′-Dimethylamino-3-hydroxyflavone
Authors: Hino Kazuyuki , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Kawahara Miyoko , Kiyota Issui , Sekiya Hiroshi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Structures of two polymorphic crystals 1a and 1b of 4′-dimethylamino-3-hydroxyflavone (1) have been determined. Each crystal has intermolecular hydrogen-bonded dimers with the adjacent molecule. The dimeric structure in crystal 1a is nearly planar, whereas that in crystal 1b is slightly bent with respect to the chromane moieties. In both crystals there is a stacking structure of the dimers linked by π–π interactions.
Static and Dynamic Structures of Phenol/Ar Clusters Studied by Multiresonance Laser Spectroscopy
Authors: Ishiuchi Shun-ichi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Static structures and dynamics of Ar atom migration in phenol/Ar clusters were investigated by using multiresonance laser spectroscopies which employ more than 3 lasers simultaneously. In the neutral ground state, phenol/Ar (1:1–4) clusters were found to adopt π-bound structure in which all Ar atoms attach to the π-cloud of benzene ring. By considering frequencies of electronic transitions of each cluster, additive rules were found, which suggest that phenol/Ar (1:2–4) clusters adopt (1|1), (3|0), and (3|1) structures, where the notation of (m|n) means that the benzene ring is wedged between m Ar atoms and n Ar atoms. On the other hand, H-bound structure, in which one Ar atom attaches to the end of an OH bond, forms in the cationic ground state generated by laser ionization of the neutral phenol/Ar clusters. According to the principle of vertical ionization, the structures just after the ionization should be π-bound structures, thus this result suggests that one Ar atom migrates from the top of a benzene ring to the end of an OH bond after the ionization. To confirm the existence of such π → H isomerization in cationic state, picosecond time-resolved IR spectroscopy was applied to phenol/Ar (1:2) cluster cation. By measuring the time-resolved IR spectra of OH stretching vibration, the π → H isomerization was successfully observed and found to be an elementary reaction with a time-constant of ≈7 ps. In addition, dynamic peak shift and broadening of the H-bound OH stretching band were observed and interpreted by a simple intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) model.
Synthesis and Characterization of pH Sensitive Core–Shell–Corona Micelles of Poly(styrene-block-2-vinylpyridine-block-ethylene oxide) ABC Triblock Copolymer in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Bharatiya Bhavesh , Yusa Shin-Ichi , Aswal Vinod , Abezgauz Ludmila , Danino Dganit , Bahadur Pratap 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The core–shell–corona forming ABC triblock copolymer poly(styrene-block-2-vinylpyridine-block-ethylene oxide), PS–P2VP–PEO, was synthesized using reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization and characterized by NMR and GPC as PS13–P2VP62–PEO47. The aggregation behavior in aqueous solution as a function of pH and temperature was studied. Turbidity measurements were used to monitor the effects associated with change in pH. The pH-sensitive P2VP block (insoluble above pH &gt;5) and resultant protonation/deprotonation phenomenon plays decisive role in the aggregation. We found that spherical micelles of considerably low aggregation number form at pH &lt;5. SANS and DLS characterization indicate the micelles’ size and spherical shape remained virtually constant in the pH range 1 to 5. The size and shape were further confirmed by cryo-TEM.
Polymer Synthesis in Coordination Nanospaces
Authors: Uemura Takashi 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In nature, biopolymers are efficiently synthesized by multilevel arrangements of monomers within constrained molecular-level spaces. These biological systems produce regio- and stereoregular polymers with uniform molecular weights, and can also arrange the higher order structures of the resulting polymers. Inspired by the elegant operations of polymerization in biological systems, polymer synthesis in artificial confined geometries is a promising strategy for the control of polymer primary structures and the design of well-defined nanostructures. Recently, we have established a new methodology for controlling polymer synthesis using microporous coordination compounds. In this account, recent progress and future perspectives of polymerizations in these coordination nanospaces are reviewed.
Medication Abortions Among New York City Residents, 2001–2008
Authors: Yunzal‐Butler Cristina , Sackoff Judith , Li Wenhui 
Published: October 2011

CONTEXT: Population‐level research on trends in medication abortions and the association of patient characteristics and facility type with procedure choice is limited. Surveillance is necessary to ensure accurate reporting and understanding of service availability.
METHODS: New York City induced abortion data for 2001–2008 were used to calculate medication abortion prevalence among women undergoing early abortions (i.e., at nine or fewer weeks of gestation). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between selected characteristics and having a medication, as opposed to surgical, abortion. Proportions of patients who went to clinics or hospitals that did not offer medication abortions were also calculated.
RESULTS: Five percent of early abortions were medication procedures in 2001; the proportion rose to 13% by 2008. Eighty‐two percent of medication abortions in 2008 were performed at freestanding clinics, and 10% at doctors’ offices. The likelihood of having had a medication abortion, rather than a surgical one, was lower among blacks and Hispanics than among whites (odds ratios, 0.5 and 0.7, respectively). Medication abortions were more likely among women with more than 12 years of education than among those with less than a high school education (2.1), and more likely among those who went to doctors’ offices than among clinic patients (3.6). Throughout 2001–2008, medication abortions were not available at 50% of hospitals and 31% of clinics that provided early abortions.
CONCLUSIONS: The increasing prevalence of medication abortions highlights the importance of active surveillance. Because many facilities do not offer the procedure, a better understanding of barriers to provision is needed.
Lupus anticoagulant testing: analyzing fresh samples after a single centrifugation and after a 6–8 h delay
Authors: Froom Paul , Barak Mira 
Published: October 2011

AbstractFor automation it is important to know the effect of analyzing fresh samples after a single rather than after two centrifugations, and to determine test stability.This study compared silica clotting times (SCT) and dilute Russel’s viper venom tests (dRVVT) after one and two centrifugations in 50 fresh plasma samples. Then it compared test results within 4 h to those after 6–8 h of blood drawing in 40 samples. Means, minimums, maximums and quartiles of the paired screen were compared, test ratios were confirmed and correlations, linear regressions and Bland-Altman statistics were calculated.The distributions of test results were nearly identical, regardless of the number of centrifugations or timing of the analysis. The first centrifugation explained 97.7% and 94.8% of the variance of tests results after the second centrifugation for the SCT and dRVVT, respectively. The test results after 6–8 h explained 98.3% and 96.3% of the variance of the SCT-ratios and dRVVT-ratios, respectively, tested within 4 h. Inter-day coefficients of correlation of ratio comparisons were similar to those of the controls values.Testing of fresh samples after a single centrifugation might replace batch testing of frozen samples after double centrifugation, providing timelier reporting of results and resulting in savings of technician time.
Functional polymorphisms of GSTA1 and GSTO2 genes associated with asthma in Italian children
Authors: Piacentini Sara , Verrotti Alberto , Polimanti Renato , Giannini Cosimo , Saccucci Patrizia , Manfellotto Dario , Fuciarelli Maria 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAsthma is an airway disorder characterized by bronchial inflammation. An imbalance between the oxidative forces and the antioxidant defense systems has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an important role in cellular protection against inflammation. Several studies have investigated the genetic variability of GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 enzymes in asthma development with conflicting results. Moreover, in our previous independent case-control study on GSTs and asthma, we have found thatIn this study, we performed an association study on 127 asthmatic children and 126 controls. We screened single nucleotide polymorphisms atTheConfirming our previous study, these findings suggest that the
Evidence towards a thermal lag in the response of Kårsaglaciären, northern Sweden, to climate change
Authors: Rippin David M. , Carrivick Jonathan L. , Williams Christopher 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRecent topographical and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys of Kårsaglaciären, which is a small (<1 km2) and thin (<56 m) mountain glacier in Arctic Sweden, show that there are small areas of temperate ice in the lowermost part of the glacier. This is curious because we would expect such a small and thin glacier to have a fully cold ablation zone. Specifically, with our analyses of present glacier geometry and thickness and of the prevailing climate, we are unable to explain the presence of temperate ice within the snout of Kårsaglaciären using prevailing models of glacier thermal structure. This leads us to suggest that the presence of temperate ice within Kårsaglaciären is a remnant of a previous polythermal state that existed when the glacier was larger and thicker. Kårsaglaciären is thus out of synch with current geometry and climate and is exhibiting a ‘thermal lag’. We propose that, with time, Kårsaglaciären’s ablation zone and perhaps the entire glacier may well become fully cold as the temperate zone shrinks further. We anticipate that such a thermal lag is likely to be present within other Arctic glaciers. A thermal lag and an evolution to a fully cold thermal state have significant implications for the dynamic behaviour of small Arctic glaciers and for meltwater production from them.
Does the normal stress parallel to the sliding plane affect the friction of ice upon ice?
Authors: Fortt Andrew L. , Schulson Erland M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSliding experiments were performed at −10°C on smooth surfaces of freshwater columnar-grained S2 ice sliding against itself at a velocity of 8 × 10−4 m s−1, with the purpose of examining whether normal stress parallel to the sliding plane affects frictional resistance. This component of the stress tensor was varied (0.20–1.83 MPa) using a loading system operated under biaxial compression, by orienting the sliding plane at two different angles, 26° and 64°, with respect to the principal loading direction. Under these conditions, no evidence was found to indicate that the normal stress in the direction of sliding affects the friction coefficient.
The grounding zone of the Ross Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, from ice-penetrating radar
Authors: MacGregor Joseph A. , Anandakrishnan Sridhar , Catania Ginny A. , Winebrenner Dale P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAs ice streams flow into the Ross Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, their bed coupling transitions from weak to transient to zero as the ice goes afloat. Here we explore the nature of the bed across these crucial grounding zones using ice-penetrating radar. We collected several ground-based 2 MHz radar transects across the grounding zones of Whillans and Kamb Ice Streams and inferred bed-reflectivity changes from in situ measurements of depth-averaged dielectric attenuation, made possible by the observation of both primary and multiple bed echoes. We find no significant change in the bed reflectivity across either grounding zone. Combined with reflectivity modeling, this observation suggests that a persistent layer of subglacial water (>∼0.2 m) is widespread several kilometers upstream of the grounding zone. Our results are consistent with previous inferences of gradual grounding zones across this sector of the Ross Ice Shelf from airborne radar and satellite altimetry. Separately, the only clear bed-reflectivity change that we observed occurs ∼40 km downstream of the Kamb Ice Stream grounding zone, which we attribute to the onset of marine ice accretion onto the base of the ice shelf. This onset is much nearer to the grounding zone than previously predicted.
Numerical modeling of a gravity-driven instability of a cold hanging glacier: reanalysis of the 1895 break-off of Altelsgletscher, Switzerland
Authors: Faillettaz Jérome , Sornette Didier , Funk Martin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Altels hanging glacier in Switzerland broke off on 11 September 1895. The ice volume of this catastrophic rupture was estimated as 4 × 106 m3, the largest icefall event ever observed in the Alps. However, the causes of this collapse are not entirely clear. Based on previous studies, we reanalyzed this break-off event, with the help of a new numerical model, initially developed by Faillettaz and others (2010) for gravity-driven instabilities. The simulations indicate that a break-off event is only possible when the basal friction at the bedrock is reduced in a restricted area, possibly induced by the storage of infiltrated water within the glacier. Further, our simulations reveal a two-step behavior: (1) a first quiescent phase, without visible changes, with a duration depending on the rate of change in basal friction; (2) an active phase with a rapid increase of basal motion over a few days. The general lesson obtained from the comparison between the simulations and available observations is that detectable precursors (crevasse formation and velocity increase) of the destabilization process of a hanging glacier, resulting from a progressive warming of the ice/bed interface towards a temperate regime, will appear only a few days prior to the break-off.
Eggplant shoot and fruit borer <i>leucinodes orbonalis</i> guénee male moth catch in sex pheromone trap with special reference of lure elevation and IPM
Authors: Mazumder F , Khalequzzaman M 
Published: October 2011

Context: Female pheromone attracts the male eggplant shoot and fruit borer. The pheromone lure could be used in catching male adults to control this pest population in eggplant fields.Objectives: To study the efficacy of sex pheromone (lure) on the male moth catch of eggplant shoot and fruit borer (ESFB) Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée, shoot and fruit destruction and fruit yield in the control, IPM operated fields and farmer’s fields. Materials and Methods: For pheromone trap operation the experiments were done in four sites of the Rajshahi City. For IPM strategy two sites were selected in Paba upozilla. Pheromone traps were operated with the lure combination of 100:1 of E11-16: Ac and E11-16: OH. The trap consisted of a 3-liter capacity, 22-cm tall rectangular or round clear plastic container. A triangular hole is cut in any two opposite sides starting 3 to 4 cm from the bottom. The traps were randomly assigned in the study plots and installed with the help of bamboo stick. Sex pheromone trap height from ground level in the field was standardization for best trapping efficiency. For this traps were placed at 0.5 m and 1 m high above the ground in the field. In both cases control fields (without insecticide) of the same size were used in the experiments. Results: The number of ESFB males in ten trap catches were 1.7 to 4.5 with a mean number of 3.26 ± 0.32, 8.49 ± 0.36, 5.20 ± 0.24 and 14.95 ± 0.34 catch/trap in the Fields 1,2,3 and 4 respectively. The average moth catch per trap was 1.76 ± 0.56 and 4.54 ± 0.94 in the 0.5 and 1 m lure respectively. The damaged shoot was 19.34 ± 2.31% at 0.5 m lure height, whereas at 1m height no damaged shoot was recorded. A damaged fruit was recorded as 29.74 ±1.87% and 14.47 ± 2.29% with the fruit yield in q/ha was 176.58 ± 6.38% and 232.56 ± 6.63% at the 0.5 and 1m lure height plots respectively. When no trap was operated in the eggplant fields the shoot damage, fruit damage and fruit yield were 3.48%, 31.15% and 13.70 kg/100m2 respectively in the non-IPM blocks. On the otherhand they were 1.56%, 10.66% and 27.54 kg/100m2 in the IPM blocks respectively. Conclusion: The sex pheromones which have been extensively studied and already are in management programmes should be fine tuned to improve their efficacy in totality in an Integrated Pest Management Programme on the basis of feedback from the extension workers, and farmers. Key words: pheromone; Eggplant; Leucinodes orbonalis; IPM DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8768 JBS 2010; 18(0): 10-15