bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin Subclass Profiles of Anti‐idiotypic Antibodies to GAD65Ab Differ Between Type 1 Diabetes Patients and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Oak S. , Radtke J. , Törn C. , Landin‐Olsson M. , Hampe C. S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPreviously we reported the presence of anti‐idiotypic antibodies (anti‐Id)‐specific to autoantibodies against GAD65 (GAD65Ab) in healthy individuals while the activity of anti‐Id directed to GAD65Ab in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients was significantly lower. These anti‐Id recognize the antigen‐binding site of GAD65Ab, thus preventing their binding to GAD65. Here, we characterized the IgG subclass profile of these anti‐Id (GAD65Ab specific) and of the associated GAD65Ab themselves. The IgG subclass response of anti‐Id in healthy individuals (n = 16) was IgG3‐dominated, while in T1D patients (n = 8) IgG1 was the major IgG subclass. The GAD65Ab bound by anti‐Id in both healthy individuals (n = 38) and GAD65Ab‐negative T1D patients (n = 35) showed a predominant rank order of IgG1 > IgG2 > IgG4 > IgG3. However, the frequency of GAD65Ab of the IgG4 subclass was significantly higher in T1D patients (P < 0.05). We conclude that the IgG subclass profile of anti‐Id (GAD65Ab specific) in healthy individuals differs from that in T1D patients. These differences may provide insights into the development of these antibodies.
STARTS – A stable root transformation system for rapid functional analyses of proteins of the monocot model plant barley
Authors: Imani Jafargholi , Li Liang , Schäfer Patrick , Kogel Karl‐Heinz 
Published: April 2011

SummaryLarge data sets are generated from plants by the various ‘omics platforms. Currently, a limiting step in data analysis is the assessment of protein function and its translation into a biological context. The lack of robust high‐throughput transformation systems for monocotyledonous plants, to which the vast majority of crop plants belong, is a major restriction and impedes exploitation of novel traits in agriculture. Here we present a stable root transformation system for barley, termed STARTS, that allows assessment of gene function in root tissues within 6 weeks. The system is based on the finding that a callus, produced on root induction medium from the scutellum of the immature embryo, is able to regenerate roots from single transformed cells by concomitant suppression of shoot development. Using Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transfer of genes involved in root development and pathogenesis, we show that those calli regenerate large amounts of uniformly transformed roots for in situ functional analysis of newly expressed proteins.
Gene Expression and Immunolocalization of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 in the Ovary and Its Effect on the In Vitro Culture of Caprine Preantral Ovarian Follicles
Authors: Almeida AP , Saraiva MVA , Alves Filho JG , Silva GM , Gonçalves RFB , Brito IR , Silva AWB , Lima AKF , Cunha RMS , Silva JRV , Figueiredo JR 
Published: April 2011

ContentsThis study quantified Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2) mRNA and localized FGF‐2 protein in different categories of follicles isolated from goat ovaries. In addition, we verified the effects of this factor on the in vitro culture of preantral follicles isolated from goats. For mRNA quantification, we performed real‐time PCR using primordial, primary and secondary follicles, as well as cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) and mural granulosa and theca cells of small and large antral follicles. For FGF‐2 protein localization, the ovaries were subjected to conventional immunohistochemical procedures. Preantral follicles were isolated and cultured in vitro for 12 days in either control (basic) or supplemented with FGF‐2 medium. The expression of FGF‐2 mRNA was detected in all categories of follicles and there was no difference in preantral follicles and COCs or granulosa/theca cells from small and large antral follicles. However, in large antral follicles, COCs showed expression levels significantly lower than in granulosa/theca cells (p < 0.05). We observed moderate expression of FGF‐2 protein in preantral follicles but not in granulosa cells of primordial follicles and theca cells of secondary follicles. In both small and large antral follicles, strong, moderate and weak staining was observed in oocytes, granulosa and theca cells, respectively. The addition of FGF‐2 caused a significant increase in the daily follicular growth rate compared to the control group. We conclude that FGF‐2 mRNA is expressed throughout follicular development and that its protein can be found in different patterns in preantral and antral follicles. Furthermore, FGF‐2 increases the follicular growth rate in vitro.
Association of Earthworm-Denitrifier Interactions with Increased Emission of Nitrous Oxide from Soil Mesocosms Amended with Crop Residue
Authors: Nebert Lucas D. , Bloem Jaap , Lubbers Ingrid M. , van Groenigen Jan Willem 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Earthworm activity is known to increase emissions of nitrous oxide (N
2
O) from arable soils. Earthworm gut, casts, and burrows have exhibited higher denitrification activities than the bulk soil, implicating priming of denitrifying organisms as a possible mechanism for this effect. Furthermore, the earthworm feeding strategy may drive N
2
O emissions, as it determines access to fresh organic matter for denitrification. Here, we determined whether interactions between earthworm feeding strategy and the soil denitrifier community can predict N
2
O emissions from the soil. We set up a 90-day mesocosm experiment in which
15
N-labeled maize (
Zea mays
L.) was either mixed in or applied on top of the soil in the presence or absence of the epigeic earthworm
Lumbricus rubellus
and/or the endogeic earthworm
Aporrectodea caliginosa
. We measured N
2
O fluxes and tested the bulk soil for denitrification enzyme activity and the abundance of 16S rRNA and denitrifier genes
nirS
and
nosZ
through real-time quantitative PCR. Compared to the control,
L. rubellus
increased denitrification enzyme activity and N
2
O emissions on days 21 and 90 (day 21,
P
= 0.034 and
P
= 0.002, respectively; day 90,
P
= 0.001 and
P
= 0.007, respectively), as well as cumulative N
2
O emissions (76%;
P
= 0.014).
A. caliginosa
activity led to a transient increase of N
2
O emissions on days 8 to 18 of the experiment. Abundance of
nosZ
was significantly increased (100%) on day 90 in the treatment mixture containing
L. rubellus
alone. We conclude that
L. rubellus
increased cumulative N
2
O emissions by affecting denitrifier community activity via incorporation of fresh residue into the soil and supplying a steady, labile carbon source.
Genome Sequence of Rhizobium etli CNPAF512, a Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiont Isolated from Bean Root Nodules in Brazil
Authors: Fauvart Maarten , Sánchez-Rodríguez Aminael , Beullens Serge , Marchal Kathleen , Michiels Jan 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Rhizobium etli
is a Gram-negative soil-dwelling alphaproteobacterium that carries out symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation in close association with legume hosts.
R. etli
strains exhibit high sequence divergence and are geographically structured, with a potentially dramatic influence on the outcome of symbiosis. Here, we present the genome sequence of
R. etli
CNPAF512, a Brazilian isolate from bean nodules. We anticipate that the availability of genome sequences of
R. etli
strains from distinctly different areas will provide valuable new insights into the geographic mosaic of the
R. etli
pangenome and the evolutionary dynamics that shape it.
Characterization of a Zinc-Containing Alcohol Dehydrogenase with Stereoselectivity from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Thermococcus guaymasensis
Authors: Ying Xiangxian , Ma Kesen 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

An alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from hyperthermophilic archaeon
Thermococcus guaymasensis
was purified to homogeneity and was found to be a homotetramer with a subunit size of 40 ± 1 kDa. The gene encoding the enzyme was cloned and sequenced; this gene had 1,095 bp, corresponding to 365 amino acids, and showed high sequence homology to zinc-containing ADHs and
l
-threonine dehydrogenases with binding motifs of catalytic zinc and NADP
+
. Metal analyses revealed that this NADP
+
-dependent enzyme contained 0.9 ± 0.03 g-atoms of zinc per subunit. It was a primary-secondary ADH and exhibited a substrate preference for secondary alcohols and corresponding ketones. Particularly, the enzyme with unusual stereoselectivity catalyzed an anti-Prelog reduction of racemic (
R
/
S
)-acetoin to (2
R
,3
R
)-2,3-butanediol and
meso
-2,3-butanediol. The optimal pH values for the oxidation and formation of alcohols were 10.5 and 7.5, respectively. Besides being hyperthermostable, the enzyme activity increased as the temperature was elevated up to 95°C. The enzyme was active in the presence of methanol up to 40% (vol/vol) in the assay mixture. The reduction of ketones underwent high efficiency by coupling with excess isopropanol to regenerate NADPH. The kinetic parameters of the enzyme showed that the apparent

K
m

values and catalytic efficiency for NADPH were 40 times lower and 5 times higher than those for NADP
+
, respectively. The physiological roles of the enzyme were proposed to be in the formation of alcohols such as ethanol or acetoin concomitant to the NADPH oxidation.
Identification and Characterization of CdgB, a Diguanylate Cyclase Involved in Developmental Processes in Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Tran Ngat T. , Den Hengst Chris D. , Gomez-Escribano Juan Pablo , Buttner Mark J. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

We describe the identification and functional characterization of
cdgB
(SCO4281), a recently discovered target of BldD, a key regulator of morphological differentiation and antibiotic production in the mycelial bacteria of the genus
Streptomyces
.
cdgB
(
c
yclic
d
imeric
G
MP [c-di-GMP]
B
) encodes a GGDEF-containing protein that has diguanylate cyclase activity
in vitro
. Consistent with this enzymatic activity, heterologous expression of
cdgB
in
Escherichia coli
resulted in increased production of extracellular matrix in colonies and enhanced surface attachment of cells in standing liquid cultures. In
Streptomyces coelicolor
, both overexpression and deletion of
cdgB
inhibited aerial-mycelium formation, and overexpression also inhibited production of the antibiotic actinorhodin, implicating c-di-GMP in the regulation of developmental processes in
Streptomyces
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Strain IMCC9063, Belonging to SAR11 Subgroup 3, Isolated from the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Oh Hyun-Myung , Kang Ilnam , Lee Kiyoung , Jang Yoonra , Lim Seung-Il , Cho Jang-Cheon 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
Strain IMCC9063 is a novel isolate of the SAR11 clade and is distantly related to other cultured representatives in this clade. The strain was isolated off the coast of Svalbard, Norway, by applying high-throughput culturing methods based on dilution to extinction. Here we present the finished genome sequence of strain IMCC9063.
Immunochemical faecal occult blood tests have superior stability and analytical performance characteristics over guaiac-based tests in a controlled in vitro study
Authors: Lee Chun Seng , O'Gorman Paudy , Walsh Paul , Qasim Asghar , McNamara Deirdre , O'Morain Colm A , Boran Gerard P 
Published: April 2011

AimsThe aims of this study were (1) to determine the measurement accuracy of a widely used guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBT) compared with an immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT) during in vitro studies, including their analytical stability over time at ambient temperature and at 4°C; and (2) to compare analytical imprecision and other characteristics between two commercially available iFOBT methods.MethodsFaecal specimens from healthy volunteers negative for occult blood were spiked with red cell lysate to give concentrations of 0 (A), 2.5 (B) and 4.5 (C) mg Hb/g faeces respectively. Samples from each pool were then tested by nine blinded assessors in order to determine the measurement accuracy. Sample stability for the gFOBT at ambient temperature (18°C) was determined by repeating the gFOBT analysis on faecal samples (A, B and C) consecutively for 7 days. Stability for the iFOBT was tested on spiked faecal samples stored at 4°C and also at ambient temperature (18°C). Testing for other analytical performance characteristics including sample carryover and imprecision was performed for both iFOBT methods.ResultsNine blinded assessors using gFOBT achieved correct readings for eight of nine samples from Pool A, five of nine from Pool B and seven of nine from Pool C. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of gFOBT were 67% and 89% respectively. No discrepant results were detected with iFOBT. Faecal samples applied to gFOBT cards immediately postcollection gave positive results for the next 7 days only for pool C. In contrast, the results of iFOBT remained stable up to 14 days at 18°C. The within-run imprecision and sample carryover showed robust results with both iFOBT methods.ConclusionsThe superior analytical stability and measurement accuracy demonstrated by the iFOBT in this in vitro study confers advantages over traditional qualitative gFOBTs and supports their suitability for more widespread use in population-based colorectal-cancer screening programmes.
Heterosis and genetic distance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): crosses between European and Asiatic selfed lines
Authors: Lefort-Buson M. , Guillot-Lemoine B. , Dattee Y. 
Published: April 2011

Different types of F1 hybrids from the same and different geographic origins were studied. European and Asiatic inbred lines were hand crossed in three ways: a diallel design among European lines (European group), a diallel design among Asiatic lines (Asiatic group), and a factorial design between European and Asiatic lines (mixed group). Selfed lines and F1 hybrids of each group have been tested in the field at a normal seeding rate (4 kg/ha) in replicated trials. The experiment has been conducted over 2 years in two localities. Mixed group F1 hybrids were taller and more productive in seed yield than both European and Asiatic ones. For flowering, they were intermediate between both parents and close to the check Bienvenu. Variability was not organized the same way among the three groups. It was mainly additive for hybrids from lines of the same geographic origin (either European or Asiatic). However, specific effects, as great as the parental ones, occurred for hybrids from lines of different origins. Moreover, variability revealed for parental effects was greater within both European and Asiatic groups than in the mixed one. Key words: heterosis, genetic distance, geographic origin, genetic parameters, Brassica napus L.
Genetic variability in Muscari comosum L. (Liliaceae). II. Characterization and effects of the polymorphic variants of chromosome 2 on chiasmata formation
Authors: Rejon C. Ruiz , Lozano R. , Rejon M. Ruiz 
Published: April 2011

Muscari comosum L. (Liliaceae) displays a striking chromosomal polymorphism in the second largest chromosome. This polymorphism involves four cosmopolitan types. Two of these are shorter than the other two homologues. One of these is submetacentric (SSM) and the other is subtelocentric (SST). The two longer types also include a submetacentric (LSM) and a subtelocentric (LST) morph. Each of the two submetacentric chromosomes has one interstitial C-band in the short arm and each of the two subtelocentric morphs has an interstitial C-band in the long arm. The change of position of this interstitial C-band is most easily explained by a pericentric inversion. Furthermore, all four types of chromosome 2 have a centromeric C-band, while the two subtelocentrics have an additional terminal C-band in the long arm. The variability in the size of the second chromosome is most likely the consequence of an unequal interchange or an insertional translocation. The meiotic behaviour of the chromosome 2 bivalents in individuals heterozygous for the pericentric inversion is characterized by normal pairing between homologues with no inversion loops, though asynapsis was present in some meiocytes. Chiasmata are absent in two regions of chromosome 2 bivalents in these heterozygotes in which they regularly form in both classes of homozygotes. In individuals heterozygous for the long morphs of chromosome 2 the bivalents again showed normal pairing at pachytene, with chiasmata again absent in some regions in which they normally form. The net result is that homozygotes have significantly higher chiasmata frequencies than hterozygotes. Key words: genetic variability, chiasma formation, Muscari.
Inheritance of aconitase isozymes in soybean
Authors: Doong Joe-Yuan H. , Kiang Yun-Tzu 
Published: April 2011

A six-band electrophoretic zymogram for aconitase was observed in mature soybean seeds. Among 750 Glycine max (L.) Merr. strains and cultivars examined, 10 zymogram types were identified. Genetic studies showed that the second band (Rf's of 0.35 or 0.42) and the fourth band (Rf's of 0.61, 0.63, or 0.69) in the zymograms were the products of two unlinked loci, Aco2 and Aco4, with two and three codominant alleles, respectively. Heterozygotes displayed both parental band sets without any intermediate band, indicating a monomeric structure for aconitase. The most common alleles at the two loci were Aco2-b (0.793) and Aco4-c (0.818). Linkage analyses revealed that both Aco2 and Aco4 loci are inherited independently of four other biochemical loci (Adh1, Am3, Ap, Dial). Key words: aconitase, isozymes, electrophoresis, gene locus, soybean, Glycine max.
Hypervariation associated with a 12-nucleotide direct repeat and inferences on intergenomic homogenization of ribosomal RNA gene spacers based on the DNA sequence of a clone from the wheat Nor-D3 locus
Authors: Lassner Michael , Anderson Olin , Dvořák Jan 
Published: April 2011

A ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) unit from the Nor-D3 locus (D genome) of Triticum aestivum L. was cloned and the "nontranscribed spacer" (NTS) was sequenced. The DNA sequence was compared with previously reported Nor-B2 locus (B genome) NTS sequences to study the molecular basis of evolution of these repeated genes and to look for evidence of homogenization between B- and D-genome rDNA. The NTS has seven subrepeats with a modal repeat length of 120 nucleotides; the subrepeats are shorter than Nor-B2 subrepeats owing to loss of one element of a 12-bp duplication present in Nor-B2 subrepeats. This 12 nucleotide sequence or its permutation, whose consensus sequence is CACGTACACGGA, is found at all sites where the B- and D-genome rDNA spacers differ by insertions or deletions longer than two nucleotides. The DNA sequence information was used to identify restriction sites unique to each locus that could be used in search of conversions between the B- and D-genome rDNA loci. Despite the coexistence of rDNA of the B- and D-genomes in the same nucleus for a minimum of 8000 years, no evidence for frequent interchromosomal conversion events between chromosomes 1B or 6B and 5D was found. Key words: Triticum, rDNA, concerted evolution, spacer.
An eye color mutant (tan) in the tsetse fly, Glossina palpalis palpalis (Diptera: Glossinidae)
Authors: D'Haeseleer F. , Abbeele J. van den , Gooding R. H. , Rolseth B. M. , Vloedt A. Van der 
Published: April 2011

A nondeleterious eye color mutant, tan, is described as the first visible mutant in Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy). The locus for tan is on the X chromosome approximately 24 recombination units from the locus for testicular esterase (Est-t). Homozygous (tan/tan) females and hemizygous (tan/Y) males have compound eyes and ocelli that are pink (instead of dark brown) while the flies are alive but these fade to a tan color after death. No other differences in physical appearance of flies were found. General bionomic features of tan flies are not significantly different from those of wild-type flies. The mutant flies have a lower propensity for mating than do wild-type flies in the laboratory and there is assortative mating. Approximately half the offspring produced by tan females, which had mated twice, are sired by the second mate. Wild-type and tan adults excrete kynurenine and both types have tryptophan oxygenase and kynurenine formamidase. The lesion causing the abnormal eye color in the tan mutant appears to occur late in the metabolism of tryptophan to xanthommatin, possibly at the level of retention of xanthommatin in the eyes. Key words: eye color mutant, Glossina.
Segregation in the pollen of F2 rye (Secale cereale) plants for induction of homoeologous chromosome pairing in hybrids with wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Gupta P. K. , Fedak G. 
Published: April 2011

An attempt was made to determine the inheritance of the rye genes which induce high chiasma frequency in hybrids with wheat and to study if the ability of rye to induce partial amphiploidy in hybrids with wheat was heritable. Five to eight F2 pollen plants were derived from seeds taken from each of three F1 plants that had given high chiasma frequency in hybrids with 'Chinese Spring' wheat in earlier studies. Similarly, six to seven F2 pollen plants were derived from each of three F1 plants that had given partial amphiploids in hybrids with 'Chinese Spring' wheat in earlier studies. Chiasma frequency was studied in 127 hybrids with 'Chinese Spring' wheat. In the present study, significant differences in chiasma frequency were observed (i) among the 38 families represented by 127 plants, and (ii) between two groups of three sets each, one known for inducing high pairing and the other known for inducing partial amphiploidy associated with low pairing in wheat × F1 rye plants. Significant variation was also observed between families within sets (each originated from one F1 rye plant) suggesting that F2 rye plants derived from the same F1 plants also differed genetically for inducing heterogenetic (homoeologous) pairing in wheat × rye hybrids. One of the six sets particularly showed significantly higher pairing with a mean of 2.13 per cell (individual hybrids gave a chiasma frequency as high as a mean of 6.07 per cell) as against a range of 0.96 to 1.18 in the remaining five sets, suggesting accumulation of genes in F2 rye plants for inducing pairing in wheat × rye hybrids. It is expected that by intermating the segregating rye plants, it should be possible to accumulate genes and eventually to isolate homozygous lines inducing high pairing in hybrids with wheat. Contrary to expectation, no partial amphiploids were obtained in a study of 127 wheat × F2 rye hybrids, although three of the six F1 rye plants had earlier given partial amphiploids in wheat × F1 rye hybrids. Key words: intergeneric hybrids, wheat, rye, genetic control, chromosome pairing.