bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Two Major Loci Affecting Calving Ease and Growth-Related Traits in Cattle
Authors: Pausch Hubert , Flisikowski Krzysztof , Jung Simone , Emmerling Reiner , Edel Christian , Götz Kay-Uwe , Fries Ruedi 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying complex, low-heritability traits is notoriously difficult. Prototypical for such traits, calving ease is an important breeding objective of cattle (Bos taurus)-improving programs. To identify QTL underlying calving ease, we performed a genome-wide association study using estimated breeding values (EBVs) as highly heritable phenotypes for paternal calving ease (pCE) and related traits. The massively structured study population consisted of 1800 bulls of the German Fleckvieh (FV) breed. Two pCE-associated regions on bovine chromosomes (BTA) 14 and 21 (P = 5.72 × 10−15 and P = 2.27 × 10−8, respectively) were identified using principal components analysis to correct for population stratification. The two most significantly associated SNPs explain 10% of the EBV variation. Since marker alleles with negative effect on pCE have positive effects on growth-related traits, the QTL may exert their effects on the birthing process through fetal growth traits. The QTL region on BTA14 corresponds to a human chromosome (HSA) region that is associated with growth characteristics. The HSA region corresponding to the BTA21 pCE QTL is maternally imprinted and involved in the Prader–Willi and Angelman syndromes. Resequencing of positional candidate genes on BTA14 revealed a highly significantly (P = 1.96 × 10−14) associated polymorphism ablating a polyadenylation signal of the gene encoding ribosomal protein S20 (RPS20). Our study demonstrates the leverage potential of EBVs in unraveling the genetic architecture of lowly heritable traits.
Planning for Chronic Disease Medications in Disaster: Perspectives From Patients, Physicians, Pharmacists, and Insurers
Authors: Carameli Kelley A. , Eisenman David P. , Blevins Joy , d'Angona Brian , Glik Deborah C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundRecent US disasters highlight the current imbalance between the high proportion of chronically ill Americans who depend on prescription medications and their lack of medication reserves for disaster preparedness. We examined barriers that Los Angeles County residents with chronic illness experience within the prescription drug procurement system to achieve recommended medication reserves.MethodsA mixed methods design included evaluation of insurance pharmacy benefits, focus group interviews with patients, and key informant interviews with physicians, pharmacists, and insurers.Results and DiscussionMost prescriptions are dispensed as 30-day units through retail pharmacies with refills available after 75% of use, leaving a monthly medication reserve of 7 days. For patients to acquire 14- to 30-day disaster medication reserves, health professionals interviewed supported 60- to 100-day dispensing units. Barriers included restrictive insurance benefits, patients’ resistance to mail order, and higher copay-ments. Physicians, pharmacists, and insurers also varied widely in their preparedness planning and collective mutual-aid plans, and most believed pharmacists had the primary responsibility for patients’ medication continuity during a disaster.ConclusionsTo strengthen prescription drug continuity in disasters, recommendations include the following: (1) creating flexible drug-dispensing policies to help patients build reserves, (2) training professionals to inform patients about disaster planning, and (3) building collaborative partnerships among system stakeholders. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:257-265)
New Cellular Metals with Enhanced Energy Absorption: Wire‐Woven Bulk Kagome (WBK)‐Metal Hollow Sphere (MHS) Hybrids
Authors: Li Ming‐Zhen , Stephani Günter , Kang Ki‐Ju 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTwo types of new cellular metals are fabricated by assembling layer by layer helically‐formed wires with metal hollow sphere (MHS) arrays. In the finished configuration, the MHSs are located in small tetrahedrons or octahedrons of the inner space of a wire‐woven bulk Kagome (WBK) structure. Compression tests reveal excellent energy absorption, which is attributed to combination of suppression of strut buckling in the WBK and moving plastic hinge occurring in the MHSs. The WBK‐MHS hybrids outperform competitors in deformation energy absorption.
N‐Doped CsTaWO6 as a New Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Production from Water Splitting Under Solar Irradiation
Authors: Mukherji Aniruddh , Marschall Roland , Tanksale Akshat , Sun Chenghua , Smith Sean C. , Lu Gao Qing , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPhotocatalysts for efficient solar hydrogen production are highly sought after. Here a new type of nitrogen‐doped tantalum tungstenate (CsTaWO6) material, which demonstrates excellent visible light absorption and improved photocatalytic activity, is demonstrated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal that the defect pyrochlore‐type structure of CsTaWO6 remained intact upon nitrogen doping. UV‐vis spectra indicate that nitrogen doping in the compound results in a red‐shift of the absorption edge from 358 nm to 580 nm, thus offering significantly increased visible light absorption. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further indicates that [Ta/W]–N bonds were formed by inducing nitrogen to replace a small amount of oxygen in the material, resulting in a compound of CsTaWO6‐xNx. The explanation of the experimental results is supported by density functional theory calculations. The density of states (DOS) and the projected DOS after substitutional doping of nitrogen in CsTaWO6 indicated that N‐doping reduces the bandgap significantly from 3.8 to 2.3 eV due to N 2p and O 2p orbital mixing. The role of the new N 2p states is also investigated by studying the production of the •OH radicals in the visible light region (>420 nm). In CsTaWO6‐xNx, the N 2p orbitals are the main contributors to the top of the valence band, causing bandgap narrowing while the bottom of conduction band, due to Ta 4d orbitals, remains almost unchanged. Compared with its undoped counterpart, nitrogen‐doped CsTaWO6‐xNx exhibits a nearly 100% increase in solar hydrogen production efficiency.
Toward a Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of Boscalid®
Authors: Glasnov Toma N. , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA two‐step continuous‐flow protocol for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐4′‐chlorobiphenyl, a key intermediate for the industrial preparation of the fungicide Boscalid® is described. Initial tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium‐catalyzed high‐temperature Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of 1‐chloro‐2‐nitrobenzene with 4‐chlorophenylboronic acid in a microtubular flow reactor at 160 °C using the tert‐butanol/water/potassium tert‐butoxide solvent/base system provides 4′‐chloro‐2‐nitrobiphenyl in high yield. After in‐line scavenging of palladium metal with the aid of a thiourea‐based resin, subsequent heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation is performed over platinum‐on‐charcoal in a dedicated continuous‐flow hydrogenation device. The overall two‐step homogeneous/heterogeneous catalytic process can be performed in a single operation providing the desired 2‐amino‐4′‐chlorobiphenyl in good overall yield and high selectivity.
Triphenylantimony(V) o‐amidophenolates with unsymmetrical N‐aryl group for a reversible dioxygen binding
Authors: Poddel'sky Andrey I. , Kurskii Yury A. , Piskunov Alexandr V. , Somov Nikolay V. , Cherkasov Vladimir K. , Abakumov Gleb A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNew triphenylantimony(V) o‐amidophenolates (AP‐Me,Et)SbPh3 (1) and (AP‐Me,iPr)SbPh3 (2) with unsymmetrically substituted N‐aryl groups and (AP‐Et,Et)SbPh3 (3) with symmetrical N‐aryl group {AP‐R1,R2 is 4,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐N‐[2‐alkyl(R1),6‐alkyl(R2)‐phenyl]‐o‐amidophenolate dianion} were synthesized and characterized in detail. Complexes were examined for dioxygen activity. The unsymmetrical complexes 1 and 2 were found to form different geometrical isomers (A and B) of spiroendoperoxides [L‐R1,R2(O2)]SbPh3 (4 and 5, respectively) with different dispositions of peroxide group and N‐aryl fragment (methyl and peroxide group are on the same side of the molecule in the less shielded isomer A, and on different sides in the more hindered isomer B). The isomer A prevails over isomer B, reflecting the possibility of steric control on the dioxygen‐binding reaction. Complex 3, where R1 = R2 = Et, formed the isomers 6A and 6B as 50:50. The ratio 4A:4B was 60:40 (for methyl‐ethyl containing complex 4) and it increased up to 80:20 for methyl‐isopropyl‐containing 5. The molecular structure of isomers 4A and 4B was confirmed by X‐ray analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ polymerization of aniline on acrylamide grafted cotton
Authors: Li Rong , Liu Gaofeng , Gu Feng , Wang Zheng , Song Yang , Wang Jianqing 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this article, polyaniline (PANI)/cotton composite were prepared by in situ polymerization on the grafted cotton. First, acrylamide was grafted onto cotton cellulose using a radical graft polymerization process and some influencing factors were studied. Then polyaniline/cotton conductive composite fabrics were prepared by chemical in situ polymerization on the grafted cotton. The influences of the concentration of ammonium persulfate, aniline, hydrochloric acid, and the reaction time to the conductivity and K/S of composite fabric were studied. By contrasting, graft brought on an improvement of about one order of magnitude to the conductivity of composite fabric. The strength, TG, FTIR‐ATR, and SEM of prepared fabric were measured. The thermal stability and tear strength of composite fabric reduced, whereas PANI exhibited a rough but uniform, coherent PANI coating on surface of cotton fiber. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Proton conducting polymer blends from poly(2,5‐benzimidazole) and poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid)
Authors: Sen Unal , Acar Oktay , Bozkurt Ayhan , Ata Ali 
Published: November 2010

AbstractProton conducting polymer electrolyte membranes were produced by blending of poly(2,5‐benzimidazole) (ABPBI) and poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) at several stoichiometric ratios with respect to polymer repeating units. The membranes were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for interpolymer interactions and scanning electron microscope for surface morphology. Thermal stability of the materials was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Glass transition temperatures of the samples were measured via differential scanning calorimetry. The spectroscopic measurements and water uptake studies indicate a complexation between ABPBI and PAMPS that inhibited polymer exclusion up on swelling in excess water. Proton conductivities of the anhydrous and humidified samples were measured using impedance spectroscopy. The proton conductivity of the humidified ABPBI:PAMPS (1 : 2) blend showed a proton conductivity of 0.1 S/cm, which is very close to Nafion 117, at 20°C at 50% relative humidity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Nafion®—titania nanocomposite proton exchange membranes
Authors: Ye Gongbo , Li Ke , Xiao Chuan , Chen Wei , Zhang Haining , Pan Mu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractProton exchange membranes consisting of Nafion® and crystallized titania nanoparticles have been developed to improve water‐retention and proton conductivity at elevated temperature and low relative humidity. The anatase‐type titania nanoparticles were synthesized in situ in Nafion solution through sol–gel process and the size of the formed titiania nanoparticles is in the range of 3–6 nm. The formed nanoparticles are well‐dispersed in Nafion solution at the titania concentration of 5 wt %. The glass transition temperature of the formed Nafion‐titania composite membrane is about 20oC higher than that of plain Nafion membrane. At elevated temperature (above 100°C), the Nafion‐titania nanocomposite membrane shows higher water uptake ability and improved proton conductivity compared to pure Nafion membrane. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
The Physical Chemistry of Stressed Solids
Authors: Cahn John W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe ability to resist shear is a defining characteristic of a solid, and distinguishes it from liquids and gases. Stress is one of the major additional features, in addition to periodicity and anisotropy, in the physical chemistry of solids. Diffusion, phase changes, and reactions alter the state of stress, and this in turn affects the course of the reactions. The stressed state can be an equilibrium state under the constraints of the available mechanisms. The current view of the physical chemistry of stressed solids will be surveyed with emphasis on the many new concepts about equilibria and how stresses evolve and influence reaction paths and mechanisms.
Neue Werkstoffe durch Gefügedesign — Chancen und Grenzen —
Authors: Petzow G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe close correlation between microstructure and properties is the basis for well‐defined development of advanced materials. The higher the requirements on a material are the more exacting are the demands on the microstructure, i.e. the more precise the microstructure must be tuned. The knowledge of the microstructure and its property interaction is the focus of interest of materials science. The advanced ceramics are an example for a directed microstructural optimization being an important prerequisite for technological application. The utilization of scientific knowledge of the microstructure of this class of materials still being at the developmental stage resulted in a considerable improvement of their properties. This is true particularly for the mechanical properties which can be improved considerably by toughening concepts such as transformation toughening.
Anisotropy of 2‐Norbornyl Radical Reorientational Dynamics in the Plastic Phase of Norbornene as Determined by ALC‐μSR
Authors: Roduner Emil , Reid Ivan D. , Riccò Mauro , Renzi Roberto De 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAvoided level crossing muon spin resonance effects are observed with polycrystalline norbornene in its plastic phase and analysed in terms of axial hyperfine anisotropy. The results agree with those of previous single crystal measurements. It is shown that the technique is sensitive to the detection of small anisotropies, and that it is ideally suited for the study of reorientational dynamics in polycrystalline or amorphous environments.
Anomalous Transport on Random Fractal Structures: Stretched Gaussians, Power‐Laws and Logarithmic Time Dependences
Authors: Roman H. Eduardo , Bunde Armin , Havlin Shlomo 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe study diffusion of Brownian particles on random fractal structures, self‐avoiding random walks and percolation clusters at criticality, which serve as model systems for polymers in a good solvent and random two‐component mixtures, respectively. Using numerical simulations and scaling arguments we find that the distribution function P(r, t) of the particles is a stretched Gaussian and scales as log[P(r, t)/P(r, 0)] ∼ —[r/R(t)]u, where R(t) ∼t1/dw is the root‐mean‐square displacement, u = dw/(dw‐1), and dw = 2df for self‐avoiding walks and dw = 3df/2 for percolation; df is the fractal dimension of the structure. In the presence of an external constant bias field, diffusion is drastically reduced and R(t) ∼ logt evolves logarithmically in time, in exactly the same way in both fractal structures.
Mobility in Single Crystals Studied by Optical Nuclear Polarization
Authors: Allgeier J. , Buntkowsky G. , Hentrich S. , Nack M. , Vieth H.‐M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBy optical excitation of molecular triplet states along with selective population of their spin sublevels nuclear spin polarization can be generated up to a level far above the Boltzmann equilibrium. This effect known as Optical Nuclear Polarization (ONP) has been applied for the investigation of dynamical processes in solid state matrices in the following three ways: (i) The efficiency of the ONP process and its dependency on an external magnetic field is affected by the fluctuation of local fields which is correlated to molecular motions. (ii) By pulsed irradiation of light and radio‐frequencies one can achieve a temporal resolution of the polarization process; in this way the time evolution of the spin order of the molecular states involved in the optical excitation cycle can be mapped out. (iii) The high nuclear polarization makes time resolved NMR measurements on solid state systems feasible which cannot be studied by conventional techniques because of insufficient sensitivity, e.g. guest molecules in low concentrations or isotopes with small natural abundance. The three methods, which cover together a time range between 10−12 and 103 seconds are illustrated by experiments on various organic crystals.
Deuteron NMR Relaxation Studies of Combined Main‐Chain/Side‐Chain Polymers in the Liquid Crystalline and Glassy State
Authors: Kohlhammer Klaus , Kothe Gerd , Reck Bernd , Ringsdorf Helmut 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCombined main‐chain/side‐chain polymers have been studied by deuteron NMR relaxation techniques. Analysis of the various experiments, employing an appropriate relaxation model, provides detailed information about the molecular organization of these systems. From the dynamic point of view, the primary result is the detection and characterization of the dominant molecular motions above and below the glass transition. Molecular order is characterized by unusually high order parameters of the main‐chain mesogens, exceeding those of the side groups considerably. In addition to molecular biaxiality, observed in all mesophases, there is evidence for phase biaxiality in the smectic A phase.
Mechanism of the Conductivity in Spinel Type Fast Lithium Ion Conductors Li2MIICl4 — Neutron Diffraction of Li1.6Cu0.4MnCl4 and Li0.6Na1.4MnCl4
Authors: Lutz H. D. , Kuske P. , Pfitzner A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNeutron diffraction studies of the spinel type quaternary chlorides Li1.6Cu0.4MnCl4 and Li0.6Na1.4MnCl4 at elevated temperatures are presented. The final R1 were 4.05 (100°C) and 9.12% (410°C), respectively. The cation distribution, i.e., (Li0.6Cu0.4)[LiMn]Cl4 and (Li0.1)[Li0.5Na1.4Mn]Cl4, and the great Frenkel disorder of the tetrahedrally coordinated ions to the interstitial octahedral 16c sites are discussed with respect to the mechanism of the conduction process in these fast lithium ion conductors.
Two‐dimensional Chemical Compounds on Single Crystal Surfaces
Authors: Uebing C. , Viefhaus H. , Grabke H. J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSurface segregation phenomena were studied on (100) oriented single crystal surfaces of Fe—15% Cr—C/N, Fe—3% V—C/N and Fe—3% Si—0.04% V—C alloys by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). Upon cosegregation of the constituent components the two‐dimensional surface compounds CrN, CrC, V(C, N) and VC are formed at elevated temperatures. — The surface compounds are epitaxially arranged on the substrate surface. Their structures correspond to the (100) planes of the three‐dimensional bulk precipitates CrN, V(C, N) and VC with rocksalt structure and of a hypothetical cubic CrC. — The thermodynamic stability ranges of surface compounds are discussed in relation to the stability of the bulk precipitates. Phase equilibria between two‐and three‐dimensional phases are interpreted applying a generalized phase rule.
Determination of acetamiprid residues in zucchini grown under greenhouse conditions: application to behavioral dynamics
Authors: Park Ji‐Yeon , Choi Jeong‐Heui , Kim Bo‐Mee , Park Jong‐Hyouk , Cho Soon‐Kil , Ghafar M. W. , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Shim Jae‐Han 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA simple analytical method was developed for the determination of acetamiprid residues in zucchini and zucchini leaves grown under greenhouse conditions using liquid chromatography. Residues were confirmed via tandem mass spectrometry in positive‐ion electrospray ionization mode. The calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficients in excess of 0.999. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were 0.01 and 0.03 µg/g and 0.02 and 0.06 µg/g, for the zucchini and zucchini leaves, respectively. For validation purposes, recoveries studies were carried out at low and high levels, yielding recovery rates ranged from 85.7 to 92.2% in zucchini and from 90.5 to 101.9% in zucchini leaves, with a relative standard deviation of <12%. The results demonstrated that the pattern of acetamiprid dissipation followed pseudo first‐order kinetics with a half‐life of 1.9 and 2.5 days, respectively. The residues in zucchini leaves were substantially higher than in the zucchini plant itself. No residues were detected at 7 days post‐application. The results of this study suggest that acetamiprid is acceptable for application in/on zucchini under the recommended dosage conditions.
A Fluorescent sp2‐Iminosugar With Pharmacological Chaperone Activity for Gaucher Disease: Synthesis and Intracellular Distribution Studies
Authors: Luan Zhuo , Higaki Katsumi , Aguilar‐Moncayo Matilde , Li Linjing , Ninomiya Haruaki , Nanba Eiji , Ohno Kousaku , García‐Moreno M. Isabel , Ortiz Mellet Carmen , García Fernández José M. , Suzuki Yoshiyuki 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGaucher disease (GD) is the most prevalent lysosomal‐storage disorder, it is caused by mutations of acid β‐glucosidase (β‐glucocerebrosidase; β‐Glu). Recently, we found that bicyclic nojirimycin (NJ) derivatives of the sp2‐iminosugar type, including the 6‐thio‐N′‐octyl‐(5N,6S)‐octyliminomethylidene derivative (6S‐NOI‐NJ), behaved as very selective competitive inhibitors of the lysosomal β‐Glu and exhibited remarkable chaperone activities for several GD mutations. To obtain information about the cellular uptake pathway and intracellular distribution of this family of chaperones, we have synthesized a fluorescent analogue that maintains the fused piperidine–thiazolidine bicyclic skeleton and incorporates a dansyl group in the N′‐substituent, namely 6‐thio‐(5N,6S)‐[4‐(N′‐dansylamino)butyliminomethylidene]nojirimycin (6S‐NDI‐NJ). This structural modification does not significantly modify the biological activity of the glycomimetic as a chemical chaperone. Our study showed that 6S‐NDI‐NJ is mainly located in lysosome‐related organelles in both normal and GD fibroblasts, and the fluorescent intensity of 6S‐NDI‐NJ in the lysosome is related to the β‐Glu concentration level. 6S‐NDI‐NJ also can enter cultured neuronal cells and act as a chaperone. Competitive inhibition studies of 6S‐NDI‐NJ uptake in fibroblasts showed that high concentrations of D‐glucose have no effect on chaperone internalization, suggesting that it enters the cells through glucose‐transporter‐independent mechanisms.
Catalysis and Mechanistic Insights into Sirtuin Activation
Authors: Dittenhafer‐Reed Kristin E. , Feldman Jessica L. , Denu John M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSIRT1 is a member of the Sir2 family of NAD+‐dependent protein deacetylases. The central role of SIRT1 in multiple metabolic and age‐related pathways has pushed SIRT1 to the forefront to discover small‐molecule activators. Promising compounds, including resveratrol and SRT1720 have been reported, however, whether these compounds are direct activators and the mechanism by which they activate remains poorly defined. This review examines the current debate surrounding purported activators, and will focus on the assays used in screening compounds, sirtuin catalysis, and the mechanistic basis for their actions. We discuss the potential pathways of SIRT1 activation that could be exploited for the development of novel therapeutics for treating type II diabetes, neurodegeneration, and diseases associated with aging.