bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Microscopy of Targeted Vessel Occlusion Employing Acoustic Droplet Vaporization
Authors: SAMUEL STANLEY , DUPREY AMBROISE , FABIILLI MARIO L. , BULL JOSEPH L. , BRIAN FOWLKES JEFFREY 
Published: March 2012

Please cite this paper as: Samuel S, Duprey A, Fabiilli ML, Bull JL, Brian Fowlkes J. In vivo microscopy of targeted vessel occlusion employing acoustic droplet vaporization. Microcirculation 19: 501–509, 2012.AbstractObjective:  Embolotherapy is a potential means to treat a variety of cancers. Our approach—gas embolotherapy—introduces the droplets upstream from the tumor and then acoustically activates them to form bubbles for occlusion—a process known as ADV. We wanted to provide the first optical documentation of ADV, lodged bubbles, or vessel occlusion in vivo.Methods:  We used the rat cremaster muscle for in vivo microscopy. Perfluorocarbon droplets were administered into the aortic arch. Ultrasound exposures in the cremaster induced vaporization. The cremaster was examined pre‐ and post‐exposure for ADV‐related effects. Two sets of experiments compared the effect of exposure in the capillaries versus the first order arteriole.Results:  Bubbles that lodge following capillary exposure are significantly larger (76 μm mean length, 36 μm mean diameter) than those following feeder vessel exposure (25 μm mean length, 11 μm mean diameter). Despite the differing sizes in bubbles, the ratio of bubble length to the hydraulic diameter of all lodged bubbles was 2.11 (±0.65; n = 112), which agrees with theoretical predictions and experimental observations.Conclusions:  Our results provide the first optical evidence of targeted vessel occlusion through ADV. These findings could lay the groundwork for the advancement of gas embolotherapy.
¿Por qué van a la escuela los niños trabajadores? Estudio sobre Bengala Occidental
Authors: Pal Manoranjan , Pal Jadab K. , Tiwari Hare Ram , Bharati Premananda 
Published: March 2012

Resumen.Basándose en datos de 327 hogares que tenían por lo menos un trabajador infantil en 2008, los autores estudian los efectos de diferentes variables socioeconómicas y demográficas en el trabajo y la escolarización de los niños. Las variables sociodemográficas, que aprehenden la ilustración de los padres (por ejemplo, su instrucción escolar), no influyen mucho en la asistencia de los niños a la escuela; en cambio, las variables económicas, que aprehenden el nivel de vida de los hogares, condicionan grandemente la decisión de las familias de escolarizar o no a sus hijos.
Contrastes entre las reformas laborales del Japón y la República de Corea
Authors: Yun Ji‐Whan 
Published: March 2012

Resumen.El Japón y la República de Corea acometieron a finales de los años noventa una serie de reformas del mercado de trabajo que se han presentado muchas veces como meramente flexibilizadoras. Sin embargo, el autor sostiene —sobre la base del concepto de «doble movimiento» de Polanyi— que los dos conjugaron las medidas liberalizadoras con otras en pos de la estabilidad social. Tras estudiar las leyes adoptadas por uno y otro para reformar su mercado de trabajo y atenuar la dualidad del mismo, afirma que las diferencias se deben a que tienen procedimientos y entornos distintos para fijar sus líneas políticas.
Tongue‐tie, breastfeeding difficulties and the role of Frenotomy
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kalke Erica 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA greater emphasis on exclusive breastfeeding in recent years has re‐ignited the historical debate over the role of ankyloglossia (tongue‐tie) in infants with breastfeeding difficulties. Several prospective cohort studies and randomized control trials have been published in this area in the last 10–15 years. We critically evaluated recent evidence and attempted to answer two important clinical queries in this area, that is, (i) whether ankyloglossia is associated with breastfeeding difficulties and (ii) whether frenotomy helps mother–baby dyad in such setting?Conclusion:  Neonates with tongue‐tie are at increased risk for breastfeeding difficulties. An early recognition of this association by primary care provider and prompt referral to a lactation consultant is important. In cases with clearly documented breastfeeding difficulties, frenotomy often results in rapid improvement in symptoms.
Predicting developmental outcomes in very preterm infants: validity of a neonatal neurobehavioral assessment
Authors: Harijan Pooja , Beer Charlotte , Glazebrook Cris , Israel Chrissie , Marlow Neil , Whitelaw Andrew , Johnson Samantha 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim:  This study explored inter‐rater reliability, discriminative, construct and predictive validity of the Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant (NAPI) in a gestational‐age‐based cohort.Methods:  The NAPI was conducted at 35 weeks post‐menstrual age for 170 infants born <32 weeks. Cognitive and motor development was assessed at 2 years using the Mental Development Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) of Bayley Scales of Infant Development‐II for 159 infants.Results:  Only NAPI motor and irritability scores were significantly different between very (29–3 w) and extremely preterm (<28 w) infants. Results regarding construct validity were variable: there were weak correlations between NAPI motor scores and gestational age (r = −0.23; p = 0.003), days in NICU (r = −0.24; p = 0.001); NAPI alertness scores and days in NICU (r = −0.16; p = 0.037); and NAPI irritability scores and gestational age (r = 0.21; p = 0.006). There were no significant associations with other markers of adverse outcome. Only NAPI irritability scores were correlated with MDI scores (r = −0.16; p = 0.040) but accounted for little additional variance after adjustment for neonatal factors (ΔR2 = 0.035; p = 0.012).Conclusion:  We found little evidence of the utility of the NAPI as a measure of short‐term neurobehavioural function or for predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm infants. It may have greater predictive power when used serially to detect delayed neurobehavioural maturation.
Two coastal Athetini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) species new to Korea
Authors: LEE Seung‐Gyu , YOO In‐Seong , AHN Kee‐Jeong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTwo coastal species in the tribe Athetini, Osakatheta yasukoae Maruyama, Klimaszewski and Gusarov, and Psammostiba hilleri (Weise), are newly discovered from the Korean fauna. Diagnoses, habitus photographs and line drawings of median lobe are provided.
ASVCP quality assurance guidelines: control of preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical factors for urinalysis, cytology, and clinical chemistry in veterinary laboratories
Authors: Gunn‐Christie Rebekah G. , Flatland Bente , Friedrichs Kristen R. , Szladovits Balazs , Harr Kendal E. , Ruotsalo Kristiina , Knoll Joyce S. , Wamsley Heather L. , Freeman Kathy P. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract:In December 2009, the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standards committee published the updated and peer‐reviewed ASVCP Quality Assurance Guidelines on the Society's website. These guidelines are intended for use by veterinary diagnostic laboratories and veterinary research laboratories that are not covered by the US Food and Drug Administration Good Laboratory Practice standards (Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Chapter 58). The guidelines have been divided into 3 reports: (1) general analytical factors for veterinary laboratory performance and comparisons; (2) hematology, hemostasis, and crossmatching; and (3) clinical chemistry, cytology, and urinalysis. This particular report is one of 3 reports and documents recommendations for control of preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical factors related to urinalysis, cytology, and clinical chemistry in veterinary laboratories and is adapted from sections 1.1 and 2.2 (clinical chemistry), 1.3 and 2.5 (urinalysis), 1.4 and 2.6 (cytology), and 3 (postanalytical factors important in veterinary clinical pathology) of these guidelines. These guidelines are not intended to be all‐inclusive; rather, they provide minimal guidelines for quality assurance and quality control for veterinary laboratory testing and a basis for laboratories to assess their current practices, determine areas for improvement, and guide continuing professional development and education efforts.
Central Role of Dynamic Tidal Biofilms Dominated by Aerobic Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria and Diatoms in the Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons in Coastal Mudflats
Authors: Coulon Frédéric , Chronopoulou Panagiota-Myrsini , Fahy Anne , Païssé Sandrine , Goñi-Urriza Marisol , Peperzak Louis , Acuña Alvarez Laura , McKew Boyd A. , Brussaard Corina P. D. , Underwood Graham J. C. , Timmis Kenneth N. , Duran Robert , McGenity Terry J. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Mudflats and salt marshes are habitats at the interface of aquatic and terrestrial systems that provide valuable services to ecosystems. Therefore, it is important to determine how catastrophic incidents, such as oil spills, influence the microbial communities in sediment that are pivotal to the function of the ecosystem and to identify the oil-degrading microbes that mitigate damage to the ecosystem. In this study, an oil spill was simulated by use of a tidal chamber containing intact diatom-dominated sediment cores from a temperate mudflat. Changes in the composition of bacteria and diatoms from both the sediment and tidal biofilms that had detached from the sediment surface were monitored as a function of hydrocarbon removal. The hydrocarbon concentration in the upper 1.5 cm of sediments decreased by 78% over 21 days, with at least 60% being attributed to biodegradation. Most phylotypes were minimally perturbed by the addition of oil, but at day 21, there was a 10-fold increase in the amount of cyanobacteria in the oiled sediment. Throughout the experiment, phylotypes associated with the aerobic degradation of hydrocarbons, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (
Cycloclasticus
) and alkanes (
Alcanivorax
,
Oleibacter
, and
Oceanospirillales
strain ME113), substantively increased in oiled mesocosms, collectively representing 2% of the pyrosequences in the oiled sediments at day 21. Tidal biofilms from oiled cores at day 22, however, consisted mostly of phylotypes related to
Alcanivorax borkumensis
(49% of clones),
Oceanospirillales
strain ME113 (11% of clones), and diatoms (14% of clones). Thus, aerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation is most likely to be the main mechanism of attenuation of crude oil in the early weeks of an oil spill, with tidal biofilms representing zones of high hydrocarbon-degrading activity.
Properties and Biological Role of Streptococcal Fratricins
Authors: Berg Kari Helene , Biørnstad Truls Johan , Johnsborg Ola , Håvarstein Leiv Sigve 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Competence for natural genetic transformation is widespread in the genus
Streptococcus
. The current view is that all streptococcal species possess this property. In addition to the proteins required for DNA uptake and recombination, competent streptococci secrete muralytic enzymes termed fratricins. Since the synthesis and secretion of these cell wall-degrading enzymes are always coupled to competence development in streptococci, fratricins are believed to carry out an important function associated with natural transformation. This minireview summarizes what is known about the properties of fratricins and discusses their possible biological roles in streptococcal transformation.
Transcriptional Response of the Cellobiose Dehydrogenase Gene to Cello- and Xylooligosaccharides in the Basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Authors: Hori Chiaki , Suzuki Hitoshi , Igarashi Kiyohiko , Samejima Masahiro 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) gene transcripts were quantified by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) in cultures of
Phanerochaete chrysosporium
supplemented with various cello- and xylooligosaccharides in order to elucidate the mechanism of enhanced CDH production in xylan/cellulose culture. Cellotriose and cellotetraose induced
cdh
expression, while xylobiose and xylotriose induced expression of cellobiohydrolase genes, especially
cel7C
.
A Pseudomonas viridiflava-Related Bacterium Causes a Dark-Reddish Spot Disease in Glycine max
Authors: González Ana J. , Fernández Ana M. , San José Mateo , González-Varela Germán , Rodicio M. Rosario 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTA virulentPseudomonas viridiflava-related bacterium has been identified as a new pathogen of soybean, one of the most important crops worldwide. The bacterium was recovered from forage soybean leaves with dark-reddish spots, and damage on petioles and pods was also observed. In contrast, common bean was not affected.
Electrical Phenotypes of Calcium Transport Mutant Strains of a Filamentous Fungus, Neurospora crassa
Authors: Hamam Ahmed , Lew Roger R. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

We characterized the electrical phenotypes of mutants with mutations in genes encoding calcium transporters—a mechanosensitive channel homolog (
MscS
), a Ca
2+
/H
+
exchange protein (
cax
), and Ca
2+
-ATPases (
nca-1
,
nca-2
,
nca-3
)—as well as those of double mutants (the
nca-2 cax
,
nca-2 nca-3
, and
nca-3 cax
mutants). The electrical characterization used dual impalements to obtain cable-corrected current-voltage measurements. Only two types of mutants (the
MscS
mutant; the
nca-2
mutant and
nca-2
-containing double mutants) exhibited lower resting potentials. For the
nca-2
mutant, on the basis of unchanged conductance and cyanide-induced depolarization of the potential, the cause is attenuated H
+
-ATPase activity. The growth of the
nca-2
mutant-containing strains was inhibited by elevated extracellular Ca
2+
levels, indicative of lesions in Ca
2+
homeostasis. However, the net Ca
2+
effluxes of the
nca-2
mutant, measured noninvasively with a self-referencing Ca
2+
-selective microelectrode, were similar to those of the wild type. All of the mutants exhibited osmosensitivity similar to that of the wild type (the turgor of the
nca-2
mutant was also similar to that of the wild type), suggesting that Ca
2+
signaling does not play a role in osmoregulation. The hyphal tip morphology and tip-localized mitochondria of the
nca-2
mutant were similar to those of the wild type, even when the external [Ca
2+
] was elevated. Thus, although Ca
2+
homeostasis is perturbed in the
nca-2
mutant (B. J. Bowman et al., Eukaryot. Cell 10:654–661, 2011), the phenotype does not extend to tip growth or to osmoregulation but is revealed by lower H
+
-ATPase activity.
Molecular Subtyping of Treponema pallidum during a Local Syphilis Epidemic in Men Who Have Sex with Men in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Azzato Francesca , Ryan Norbert , Fyfe Janet , Leslie David E. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Treponema pallidum
is the causative agent of syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection of significant public health importance. Since 2000 there has been a marked increase in the number of cases of syphilis infections notified in Victoria, Australia, with the majority of cases occurring in men who have sex with men (MSM) and the highest incidence being in HIV-infected MSM. The molecular subtyping method described by Pillay et al. (A. Pillay et al., Sex. Transm. Dis. 25:408–414, 1998) has been used in this study to determine the diversity of
T. pallidum
subtypes circulating locally and to look for any relationship between
T. pallidum
subtypes and HIV status over a 6-year period (2004 to 2009).
Treponema pallidum
DNA was detected in 303 patient specimens (
n
= 3,652), and full subtyping profiles were obtained from 90 of these (from 88 patients). A total of 11
T. pallidum
subtypes were identified: types 14e (28, 31.1%), 14d (15, 16.7%), 14k (13, 14.4%), 14p (12, 13.3%), 14i (7, 7.8%) 14b (6, 6.7%), 14l (5, 5.6%), and 12i, 13b, 13i, and 13e (1 each, 1.1%). This study showed a similar level of variation among circulating
T. pallidum
strains compared with that in other studies using the same methodology. A different mix of strains and different predominating strains have been found at each geographical study location, with type 14e emerging as the predominant local strain in Victoria. There was no detectable trend between
T. pallidum
subtypes and the specimen collection site or stage of syphilis (where known), nor was there any relationship between particular strains and HIV status.
The SUMO E3-ligase PIAS1 Regulates the Tumor Suppressor PML and Its Oncogenic Counterpart PML-RARA
Authors: Rabellino Andrea , Carter Brandon , Konstantinidou Georgia , Wu Shwu-Yuan , Rimessi Alessandro , Byers Lauren A. , Heymach John V. , Girard Luc , Chiang Cheng-Ming , Teruya-Feldstein Julie , Scaglioni Pier Paolo 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The ubiquitin-like SUMO proteins covalently modify protein substrates and regulate their functional properties. In a broad spectrum of cancers, the tumor suppressor PML undergoes ubiquitin-mediated degradation primed by CK2 phosphorylation. Here, we report that the SUMO E3-ligase inhibitor PIAS1 regulates oncogenic signaling through its ability to sumoylate PML and the PML-RARA oncoprotein of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). PIAS1-mediated SUMOylation of PML promoted CK2 interaction and ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation of PML, attenuating its tumor suppressor functions. In addition, PIAS1-mediated SUMOylation of PML-RARA was essential for induction of its degradation by arsenic trioxide, an effective APL treatment. Moreover, PIAS1 suppression abrogated the ability of arsenic trioxide to trigger apoptosis in APL cells. Lastly, PIAS1 was also essential for PML degradation in non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells, and PML and PIAS1 were inversely correlated in NSCLC cell lines and primary specimens. Together, our findings reveal novel roles for PIAS1 and the SUMOylation machinery in regulating oncogenic networks and the response to leukemia therapy. Cancer Res; 72(9); 2275–84. ©2012 AACR.
The Effect of Different Linkers on Target Cell Catabolism and Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Trastuzumab Maytansinoid Conjugates
Authors: Erickson Hans K. , Lewis Phillips Gail D. , Leipold Douglas D. , Provenzano Carmela A. , Mai Elaine , Johnson Holly A. , Gunter Bert , Audette Charlene A. , Gupta Manish , Pinkas Jan , Tibbitts Jay 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is an antibody–drug conjugate consisting of the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab linked via a nonreducible thioether linker to the maytansinoid antitubulin agent DM1. T-DM1 has shown favorable safety and efficacy in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. In previous animal studies, T-DM1 exhibited better pharmacokinetics (PK) and slightly more efficacy than several disulfide-linked versions. The efficacy findings are unique, as other disulfide-linked antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) have shown greater efficacy than thioether-linked designs. To explore this further, the in vitro and in vivo activity, PK, and target cell activation of T-DM1 and the disulfide-linked T-SPP-DM1 were examined. Both ADCs showed high in vitro potency, with T-DM1 displaying greater potency in two of four breast cancer cell lines. In vitro target cell processing of T-DM1 and T-SPP-DM1 produced lysine-Nϵ-MCC-DM1, and lysine-Nϵ-SPP-DM1 and DM1, respectively; in vivo studies confirmed these results. The in vitro processing rates for the two conjugate to their respective catabolites were similar. In vivo, the potencies of the conjugates were similar, and T-SPP-DM1 had a faster plasma clearance than T-DM1. Slower T-DM1 clearance translated to higher overall tumor concentrations (conjugate plus catabolites), but unexpectedly, similar levels of tumor catabolite. These results indicate that, although the ADC linker can have clear impact on the PK and the chemical nature of the catabolites formed, both linkers seem to offer the same payload delivery to the tumor. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(5); 1133–42. ©2012 AACR.
Intramural Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias Originating in the Intraventricular Septum
Authors: Yokokawa Miki , Good Eric , Chugh Aman , Pelosi Frank , Crawford Thomas , Jongnarangsin Krit , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Oral Hakan , Morady Fred , Bogun Frank 
Published: March 2012

Background—
Intramural septal idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias have not been described systematically.

Methods and Results—
In a consecutive group of 93 patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias referred for ablation, the site of origin of ventricular arrhythmias was assessed by activation mapping and pace-mapping. In 7 of 93 patients (8%), an intramural focus in the interventricular septum was identified. All ventricular arrhythmias arising intramurally had a left bundle-branch block morphology with inferior axis. The intramural focus was effectively ablated from both sides of the septum in 4 patients and from within the septum in 1 patient. The ablation procedure of an intramural focus near the His bundle failed in 2 of 7 patients. ECG and mapping characteristics of the patients with intramural septal ventricular arrhythmias differentiated intramural arrhythmias from other sites of origin.

Conclusions—
Idiopathic septal ventricular arrhythmias can originate from intramural foci. Activation mapping from within a perforator branch within the interventricular septum is helpful in identifying the site of origin of intramural septal arrhythmias. Ablation within the septum or from both sites of the septum may be required to eliminate the targeted arrhythmia.
Deux Sandhi Védiques Méconnus
Authors: Pirart É.  
Published: March 2012

AbstractDealing with two vedic prehistorical sandhi-phenomena (| °o | v° | > | °a v° | and | °au | v° | > | °ā v° |), this paper also gives a new interpretation of the bahuvrīhi-compound rsis¯na (RS 9.86.4) as in «who has a high back», and a new analysis of the use the stanza RS 6.46.8 makes of the connecting particle vā.
Tokh. B kucaññe, A kucim et skr. tokharika
Authors: Pinault  
Published: March 2012

AbstractA bilingual Sanskrit/Tocharian B manuscript from the Petrovsky collection (SI P/65b1), kept in St. Petersburg, contains the line tokharika : kucaññe iscake. This text has been repeatedly adduced as a testimony for the name of the Tocharian language: Skt. tokharikahas been connected with Tukhāra, Toch. B kucaññe being understood as ``Kuchean'', despite various difficulties. The actual adjective meaning ``Kuchean'' is Toch. B kuśiññe, the form of which is not compatible with kucaññe. Starting from an examination of the original manuscript, a totally new interpretation of the line is proposed: the word tokharikareflects a Prakritic form of Gāndhārī type, and conceals two homonymous Sanskrit words of the Indian lexicographical tradition, to wit tūbarikah ``eunuch'' and tūbarikā ``fragrant earth''. Those words are actually translated by Toch. B kucaññe and iscake, respectively, the meaning of which can be established by independent evidence. Toch. A kucim, which is the perfect formal match of B kucaññe, is used as a derogatory term: ``unmanly, impotent'', or the like. Toch. B iscake is related to iścem ``clay'' in the same language, and refers to ``a kind of clay''. Furthermore, it shows important and far-reaching connections with several words of the same technical field in Indo-Iranian and in other languages of Central Asia.