bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and Gly71Arg mutation of UGT1A1 gene: a Chinese case–control study followed by systematic review of existing evidence
Authors: Long Jun , Zhang Shaofang , Fang Xiaoyan , Luo Yuyuan , Liu Jiebo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim:  To determine whether the UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene (UGT1A1) Gly71Arg (211G>A) mutation is associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Methods:  The study consisted of two parts. The case–control study included 112 hyperbilirubinemic infants and 105 control subjects from the Fifth People’s Hospital of Shenzhen. Polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphisms and agarose gel electrophoresis techniques were used to detect the UGT1A1 211G>A mutation. Meta‐analyses was performed to assess the association between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and UGT1A1 211G>A.Results:  Our case–control study revealed that the likelihood of developing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was 2.65 times higher in the infants with the A allele in the UGT1A1 211G>A than in the infants with the G allele (95% CI, 1.60–4.39). Meta‐analyses (including data from our study) revealed that UGT1A1 211G>A is associated with an increased risk of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia [ odds ratio (OR), 2.37; 95% CI, 2.05–2.74]. In the subgroup analyses based on ethnicity, significantly elevated risks were found in Asian populations (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 2.10–2.84), but no significant associations were present in Caucasian populations (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.87–2.75).Conclusion:  The UGT1A1 211G>A mutation is associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Asians, but not in Caucasians.
Proteome analysis of whole and water‐soluble proteins in masseter and semitendinosus muscles of Holstein cows
Authors: OE Mika , OHNISHI‐KAMEYAMA Mayumi , NAKAJIMA Ikuyo , MUROYA Susumu , SHIBATA Masahiro , OJIMA Koichi , KUSHIBIKI Shiro , CHIKUNI Koichi 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTTo assess both quantitative and qualitative differences between the slow‐ and fast‐type muscles, masseter (slow) and semitendinosus (fast) from four Holstein cows were analyzed by two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) and mass spectrometry. The proteome analysis identified 27 spots as 20 proteins in the whole protein fraction extracted with 8 mol/L urea solution, and 16 spots were identified as 11 proteins in the water‐soluble protein fraction. Two slow‐type myofibrillar proteins (myosin light chain‐1 slow‐b and myosin light chain‐2 slow), and aconitase‐2 mitochondria were present at higher levels in the masseter muscle (P < 0.05). Four fast‐type myofibrillar proteins (myosin light chain‐1 fast, myosin light chain‐2 fast, myosin light chain‐3 fast and tropomyosin‐1), and three enzymes of glycolytic pathway (enolase‐3, aldolase‐A and triosephosphate isomerase), were present at higher levels in the semitendinosus muscle (P < 0.05). Our proteome analysis showed that the composition of sarcoplasmic proteins as well as myofibrillar proteins was clearly different between slow‐ and fast‐type muscles.
Comparison of the peripheral blood leukocyte population between Japanese Black and Holstein calves
Authors: OHTSUKA Hiromichi , ONO Maiko , SARUYAMA Yumi , MUKAI Machiko , KOHIRUIMAKI Masayuki , KAWAMURA Seiichi 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTJapanese black (JB) calves have greater susceptibility to infectious diseases compared to Holstein (Hol) calves. In order to clarify the differences in cellular immune status between JB and Hol calves, the leukocyte population and lymphocyte proliferative ability were analyzed. In total 200 healthy calves, 1 day to 14 weeks of age, were examined: 105 JB and 95 Hol calves. Lower numbers in peripheral blood and percentage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CD3+TcR1‐N12+ T cells and major histocompatibility complex class‐II+CD14‐ B cells were observed in the JB compared to the Hol. The percentage of TcR1‐N12+CD25+ T cell in the JB was significantly lower than that of the Hol at 4–6, and 8–10 weeks. Interleukin (IL)‐2 sensitivity in the JB was lower than that in the Hol, and significant differences were observed in age groups of 6–8 weeks and 10–14 weeks. These findings indicated that the lower numbers of γδ T cells and B cells in the JB compared to the Hol might be associated with the specificity of the immune systems in JB calves.
Identification and utilization of genes associated with beef qualities
Authors: MANNEN Hideyuki 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThe fatty acid composition of adipose tissue in beef has been recognized as an important trait because of its relationship with beef quality, including favorable beef flavor and tenderness. Over the last decade, we have tried to identify the genes responsible for the fatty acid composition in cattle, and have found the following. (i) Genetic polymorphism of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) is one of the responsible genes associated with fatty acid composition. The average effects of gene substitution of the SCD type A gene on the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) percentage and the melting point of intramuscular fat were approximately +1.0% and −1.0°C, respectively. (ii) Intron polymorphism of sterol regulatory element binding protein–1 (SREBP‐1) also affected MUFA. (iii) No effect of SCD or SREBP‐1 genotypes on any representative carcass traits of Japanese Black in the field population was observed. (iv) Additional genetic markers adipocytes fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and liver X receptor α also affected the fatty acid composition. (v) SCD and FABP4 significantly affected fatty acid composition in Holstein steers. These findings will bring new insight into the fat‐related carcass traits of beef cattle and will thus contribute to the beef industry.
The Use of Monoamine Pharmacological Agents in the Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction: Evidence in the Literature
Authors: Moll Jennifer L. , Brown Candace S. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine play an important role in many medical and psychological conditions, including sexual responsiveness and behavior. Pharmacological agents that modulate monoamines may help alleviate sexual dysfunction.

Aims
To provide an overview of pharmacological agents that modulate monoamines and their use in the treatment of sexual dysfunction.

Methods
EMBASE and PubMed search for articles published between 1950 and 2010 using key words “sexual dysfunction,”“monoamines,”“monoaminergic receptors,” and “generic names for pharmacological agents.”

Main Outcome Measures
To assess the literature evaluating the efficacy of monoamine pharmacologic agents used in the treatment of sexual dysfunction.

Results
The literature primarily cites the use of monoaminergic agents to treat sexual side effects from serotonergic reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), with bupropion, buspirone and ropinirole providing the most convincing evidence. Controlled trials have shown that bupropion improves overall sexual dysfunction, but not frequency of sexual activity in depressed and nondepressed patients. Nefazodone and apomorphine have been used to treat sexual dysfunction, but their use is limited by significant side effect and safety profiles. New research on pharmacologic agents with subtype selectivity at dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors and those that possess dual mechanisms of action are being investigated.

Conclusions
There has been tremendous progress over the past 50 years in understanding the role of monoamines in sexual function and the effect of pharmacologic agents which stimulate or antagonize monoaminergic receptors on sexual dysfunction. Nevertheless, large, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies evaluating the efficacy of currently available agents in populations without comorbid disorders are limited, preventing adequate interpretation of data. Continued research on sexual function and specific receptor subtypes will result in the development of more selective pharmacologic agents with the goal of increasing efficacy without the dose-limiting side effects of nonselective agents.
Multidisciplinary cancer care in Australia: A national audit highlights gaps in care and medico‐legal risk for clinicians
Authors: WILCOXON Heidi , LUXFORD Karen , SAUNDERS Christobel , PETERSON Janice , ZORBAS Helen ,   on behalf of National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre's Multidisciplinary Care Audit Steering Committee
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim:  Multidisciplinary care (MDC) is accepted as best practice in cancer treatment planning and care. Despite recognition of the importance of a team approach, limited data are available about the extent to which MDC has been implemented in Australia. The aim of the audit was to investigate the implementation of MDC for five main cancer types across Australia in line with best practice.Methods:  A sample of 155 hospitals was surveyed to investigate the status of MDC for cancer treatment planning in Australia across five cancer types (breast, gynecological, lung, prostate and colorectal). The survey investigated team structure, meetings, patient consent, documentation of team recommendations and communication with the patient.Results:  Two‐thirds of hospitals surveyed did not have a multidisciplinary team. Of those with such a team; in one‐third patients were not informed their case would be discussed by the team, in half patient consent was not sought for all cases discussed by the team, in one‐quarter the team's recommended treatment plan was not noted in the patient record. Less than 1% of teams reported routine attendance by the tumour‐specific minimum core team.Conclusion:  MDC is not being implemented in line with best practice or applied consistently across Australia. This audit has highlighted gaps in care delivery, despite national recommendations about MDC. Areas being neglected can affect the quality of care provided and may put clinicians at medico‐legal risk. Recommendations to improve uptake and effectiveness of MDC are provided.
Factors associated with Australian and New Zealand oncologists' future work preferences
Authors: DEAR Rachel F , TATTERSALL Martin HN , MCGEECHAN Kevin , VAUGHAN Michelle 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim:  To understand the factors associated with oncologists' work preferences to help future workforce planning.Methods:  In May 2008 a questionnaire was emailed to members of the Medical Oncology Group of Australia, Fellowship of Radiation Oncologists and the New Zealand Association of Cancer Specialists. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to determine if gender, age, specialist status or specialty were associated with the intention to work full time or part time or consider weekend or evening work, and with the level of satisfaction with current working hours.Results:  In total, 205 medical and radiation oncologists and trainees responded. Overall 77 (38%) oncologists intended to work part time. There was strong evidence (P < 0.0001) that women were more likely than men to want to work part time (OR 4.18, 95% CI, 2.12–8.22). Overall 52% of oncologists were not prepared to work on weekends. Women were less willing to consider working on weekends than men (P = 0.02, OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26–0.89). A total of 58% of oncologists felt they were working more than their ideal working hours. There was evidence (P < 0.0001) that this was independently associated with oncology specialty; medical oncologists had twice the odds of feeling dissatisfied with their working hours compared with radiation oncologists (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.20–3.94).Conclusion:  Female gender was the most important factor associated with wanting to work part time. This should be considered when planning the oncology workforce, particularly because an increasing number of oncologists are women.
School Desegregation and Civil Society: The Unification of Alabama's Black and White Parent-Teacher Associations, 1954–1971
Authors: Woyshner Christine 
Published: January 2011

In early September 1956, Martha Rutledge—the president of the all-white Alabama State Parent-Teacher Association—released a statement to the press intended to clarify the organization's position on the Brown v. Board of Education decision and the desegregation of schools in her state:
As president of the Alabama Congress, I am a firm believer in the Southern way of life. The entire organization of the Alabama congress is made up of people who believe in the Southern way of life. There is no organization anywhere that practices segregation more than the Alabama P-TA or an organization that will work toward maintaining segregation in our schools with any more force.
BAC library construction, screening and clone sequencing of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis, Salmonidae) towards the elucidation of adaptive species divergence
Authors: JEUKENS J. , BOYLE B. , KUKAVICA‐IBRULJ I. , ST‐CYR J. , LÉVESQUE R. C. , BERNATCHEZ L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGenomic DNA sequences and other genomic resources are essential towards the elucidation of the genomic bases of adaptive divergence and reproductive isolation. Here, we describe the construction, characterization and screening of a nonarrayed BAC library for lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). We then show how the combined use of BAC library screening and next‐generation sequencing can lead to efficient full‐length assembly of candidate genes. The lake whitefish BAC library consists of 181 050 clones derived from a single heterozygous fish. The mean insert size is 92 Kb, representing 5.2 haploid genome equivalents. Ten BAC clones were isolated following a quantitative real‐time PCR screening approach that targeted five previously identified candidate genes. Sequencing of these clones on a 454 GS FLX system yielded 178 000 reads with a mean length of 358 bp, for a total of 63.8 Mb. De novo assembly and annotation then allowed retrieval of contigs corresponding to each candidate gene, which also contained up‐ and/or downstream noncoding sequences. These results suggest that the lake whitefish BAC library combined with next‐generation sequencing technologies will be key resources to achieve a better understanding of both adaptive divergence and reproductive isolation in lake whitefish species pairs as well as salmonid evolution in general.
Analysis of accuracy of computer‐assisted navigation in cervical pedicle screw installation
Authors: Zhang Hong‐lei , Zhou Dong‐sheng , Jiang Zhen‐song 
Published: January 2011

Objective:  To observe the accuracy of computer‐assisted navigation (CAN) in cervical pedicle screw installation and to analyze the reasons for screw malposition.Methods:  From October 2004 to December 2009, 144 cervical pedicle screws were installed in 25 patients with cervical spinal diseases using CAN. Screw position and direction were measured on sagittal and transection images from intraoperative navigation and postoperative CTs.Results:  Among 144 screws inserted from C3 to C7, two perforated the upper pedicle wall and three deviated from the lateral pedicle wall. The rate of accurate cervical pedicle screw placement with CAN was 96.5% (139/144) in our group. There was no statistical difference in the position and direction of the pedicle screws according to navigation images and CT scans.Conclusion:  CAN can result in high accuracy of cervical pedicle installation. The excursion phenomenon is responsible for malposition of pedicle screws. Only by understanding the navigational principles of CAN and the characteristics of cervical spinal surgery, together with personal experience, can good use be made of CAN.
Study of stress distribution in pedicle screws along a continuum of diameters: a three‐dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Qi Wei , Yan Ya‐bo , Zhang Yang , Lei Wei , Wang Pu‐jie , Hou Jun 
Published: January 2011

Objective:  To create a three‐dimensional finite element model to identify the biomechanically optimal diameter of pedicle screws for placement in L1 vertebral bone.Methods:  The effects of pedicle screws with different diameters on the maximum Von Mises stress in L1 vertebra bone were evaluated by a finite element method. Pedicle screw diameters ranging from 4.0 to 6.5 mm were assessed.Results:  The simulation showed that, under axially oriented pullout forces, stress was decreased in all models when the diameter of screws was in the range of 4.0 mm to 6.5 mm. With a standard external load and a 6.5 mm diameter screw, load transferred to cortical and cancellous bone was reduced by 47.24% and 34.28%, respectively, and displacement of the screw was reduced by 21.35%. When the diameter was ≥5.0 mm, the variable of stress was stable in all models.Conclusion:  When the diameter of the screws is in the range of 4.0 mm to 6.5 mm, increasing the diameter of pedicle screw can improve the distribution of axial pullout stress on the screws, cortical bone and cancellous bone. Provided the bone mass permits it, pedicle screws with a diameter of not less than 5.0 mm should be chosen.
Surgical treatment of open pilon fractures
Authors: Zeng Xian‐tie , Pang Gui‐gen , Ma Bao‐tong , Mei Xiao‐long , Sun Xiang , Wang Jia , Jia Peng 
Published: January 2011

Objective:  To discuss the methods, timing and clinical outcomes of surgical treatment for open pilon fractures.Methods:  From April 2003 to July 2008, 28 patients with open pilon fractures were treated. All had type C fractures according to the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für osteosynthesefragen–Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (AO/ASIF) classification. Three operative methods were applied, the methods being determined by the types of fracture, soft tissue damage and time interval after injury. Seven cases were treated by debridement and internal fixation with plate; 19 by limited internal fixation combined with external fixation; and 2 by delayed surgery. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by the Burwell‐Charnley score.Results:  All cases were followed up for from 6 to 48 months (average 24 months). The Burwell‐Charnley score of clinical outcomes: anatomic reduction achieved in 12 cases, functional reduction in 15, and unsatisfactory reduction in 1. The healing time was from 2.5 to 11 months (average 4.7 months). Two cases had delayed union. According to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale for the ankle joint, there were excellent results in 8 cases, good in 14, fair in 5 and poor in 1. Complications included four cases of skin superficial sloughing, two of superficial infection, one of deep infection, two of delayed fracture union and ten of post‐traumatic arthritis.Conclusion:  It is important to perform appropriate surgeries for open pilon fracture according to fracture classification, different damage to skin and tissue and time interval after injury. Thorough debridement, proper use of anti‐infective medication, appropriate bone grafting, and postoperative ankle function exercise can reduce the occurrence of complications.
Pedicle screw instrumentation plus augmentation vertebroplasty using calcium sulfate for thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurologic deficits
Authors: Shen Yi‐xin , Zhang Peng , Zhao Jia‐guo , Xu Wei , Fan Zhi‐hai , Lu Zheng‐feng , Li Liu‐bing 
Published: January 2011

Objective:  To evaluate the efficacy of posterior instrumentation plus vertebroplasty and posterolateral fusion using calcium sulfate for thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurologic deficits.Methods:  Between July 2005 and January 2008, a total of 45 patients who had been diagnosed as having thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurologic deficits were treated with pedicle screw instrumentation plus vertebroplasty using calcium sulfate in our unit. The Cobb angles and loss rates of anterior‐middle columns height at different time intervals were measured on lateral radiographs, and the preoperative and postoperative functional outcomes were evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).Results:  The Cobb angles and loss rates of anterior‐middle columns height postoperatively period were restored significantly compared with those noted preoperatively. The angles and heights were well maintained for at least two years using this technique. The mean postoperative VAS (back pain) score was 2.1 ± 0.8, which was significantly better (P < 0.001) than the mean preoperative VAS score 7.9 ± 1.1. The average preoperative ODI was 66.6 ± 8.1% and this had improved significantly to 15.5 ± 4.5% by the latest follow‐up (P < 0.001). No instrumentation failure was detected in this study. The calcium sulfate had been absorbed completely by 3–6 months postoperatively.Conclusion:  Pedicle screw instrumentation plus augmentation vertebroplasty with calcium sulfate is an economic, efficient and reliable technique for treating unstable thoracolumbar fractures without neurologic deficits.
Comparison of percutaneous compression plating and short reconstruction nail for treatment of intertrochanteric fracture
Authors: Yan Shi‐gui , Zhao Xiang , Li Hang , Zheng Qiang , Li Jian‐bing , Pan Zhi‐jun , Wu Hao‐bo 
Published: January 2011

Objective:  To compare percutaneous compression plating (PCCP) with Trigen short reconstruction nail (Trigen SRN) for the treatment of intertrochanteric hip fracture.Methods:  Eighty‐four patients with intertrochanteric hip fracture admitted to our hospital from January 2007 to June 2008 were included in this retrospective study. Thirty‐six patients were treated with PCCP and 48 with Trigen SRN. Information regarding age, surgical time, blood loss, length of follow‐up, mortality, fracture impaction, time to union, complications, Harris score and visual analog scale (VAS) were all recorded.Results:  The mean follow‐up time was 16.3 ± 3.2 months (13–19 months). The mean time to achieve radiological fracture healing was 3.6 ± 0.8 and 4.1 ± 1.0 months for the PCCP and Trigen SRN groups, respectively (P= 0.020); the mean Harris hip scores were 78.1 ± 4.8 and 74.1 ± 5.2 (P= 0.001); and the mean fracture impaction was 3.6 ± 2.3 and 3.3 ± 2.6 mm (P= 0.023). There were no statistical differences between the two groups in duration of surgery (P= 0.131) and blood loss (P= 0.268). The amount of nail in the inferior‐central quadrants was greater in the PCCP group than in the Trigen SRN group.Conclusion:  PCCP achieves earlier pain release and better fracture reduction than Trigen SRN.
Predominant nifH transcript phylotypes related to Rhizobium rosettiformans in field‐grown sugarcane plants and in Norway spruce
Authors: Burbano Claudia Sofía , Liu Yuan , Rösner Kim Leonie , Reis Veronica Massena , Caballero‐Mellado Jesus , Reinhold‐Hurek Barbara , Hurek Thomas 
Published: January 2011

SummaryAlthough some sugarcane cultivars may benefit substantially from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), the responsible bacteria have been not identified yet. Here, we examined the active diazotrophic bacterial community in sugarcane roots from Africa and America by reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR using broad‐range nifH‐specific primers. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles obtained from sugarcane showed a low diversity at all sample locations with one phylotype amounting up to 100% of the nifH transcripts. This major phylotype has 93.9–99.6% DNA identity to the partial nifH sequence from a strain affiliated with Rhizobium rosettiformans. In addition, nifH transcripts of this phylotype were also detected in spruce roots sampled in Germany, where they made up 91% of nifH transcripts detected. In contrast, in control soil or shoot samples two distinct nifH transcript sequences distantly related to nifH from Sulfurospirillum multivorans or Bradyrhizobium elkanii, respectively, were predominant. These results suggest that R. rosettiformans is involved in root‐associated nitrogen fixation with sugarcane and spruce, plants that do not form root–nodule symbioses.