bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape controllable growth of PbS polyhedral crystals
Authors: Song Caixia , Jiang Lihong , Zhang Yang , Pang Limei , Wang Debao 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this study, a series of PbS polyhedra were synthesized through hydrothermal decomposition of the as‐formed lead diethyldithiocarbamate (Pb‐DDTC) single‐source precursor in its precursor solution. Through extensive experiments, it was concluded that the amount of poly‐(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), DDTC and the reaction time had major effects on the shapes of the as‐synthesized PbS crystals. Sub‐micro sized cuboctahedrons and cubes were selectively obtained by manipulating the concentration of PVP and the reaction time. Possible growth mechanism for the shape controlled synthesis of PbS crystals was briefly discussed.
Implementation of a Soft Switching Converter with High Input Voltage
Authors: Lin Bor‐Ren , Liu Chien‐Hung 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents an interleaved zero voltage switching (ZVS) DC/DC converter with high input voltage applications. In order to reduce the voltage stress of MOSFETs, two half‐bridge zeta converters are connected in series at high voltage side. Thus, the voltage stress of MOSFETs can be clamped at one‐half of input voltage. Asymmetric pulse‐width modulation (APWM) is adopted to control power switches. With the resonant behavior by the leakage inductance of transformer and the output capacitance of MOSFET at the transition interval, MOSFETs can be turned on at ZVS. For each half‐bridge zeta converter, two series transformers are connected in series at the primary side and in parallel at the secondary side in order to reduce the current stress of secondary windings for high load current applications. Interleaved PWM scheme is used to control two half‐bridge converters in order to reduce the size of output filter inductor and capacitor due to the partial ripple current cancellation. Experimental results, taken from a laboratory prototype rated at 1 kW, are presented to demonstrate the converter performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Yield Preparation of Carbon Nanotube Arrays of Good Quality by CVD
Authors: Shi Shuxiu , Wang Hui , Wang Xitao , Xue Tao , Hou Weixin , Cui Lan , Lin Kui , Jin Fengmin , Cheng Gang , Chen Xiaoping , Yao Pei , Cui Shen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMulti‐walled carbon nanotube arrays (CNTAs) of good quality are prepared in a high yield of ∼7 wt.% by CVD at 850 °C, using rectified cyclohexane as the carbon source. All the CNTAs forming on the inner wall of a quartz tube reactor are of good quality, but those forming in the zone 40–60 cm away from the entrance of the furnace show the best degrees of graphitization and alignment. The length of these CNTAs is ∼200 µm, their average growth rate during the CVD reaction (8 min) is 25 µm min−1, and the content of MWCNTs and iron are 93.7 wt.% and 3.9 wt.%, respectively. The effect of CVD reaction temperature on the yield and quality of the CNTAs is also investigated and explained by knowledge of the chemical kinetics of reaction; four main chemical reactions are suggested for the growth of CNTAs during the process of CVD reaction, and the ratios of the active carbon species (A) to the active Fe catalyst species (C) (A:C) and the other carbon species (B) (A:B). The reasons for the high yield of CNTAs of good quality are discussed briefly.
Low Temperature CVD of Thin, Amorphous Boron‐Carbon Films for Neutron Detectors
Authors: Pedersen Henrik , Höglund Carina , Birch Jens , Jensen Jens , Henry Anne 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThin, amorphous boron‐carbon films are deposited at low temperature (400–600 °C) by thermally activated CVD using the organoborane triethylboron (TEB) as a single precursor. Two different carrier gases are tested. At 600 °C, using argon as the carrier gas, the deposition rate is close to 1 µm h−1. The film has a density of 2.14 g cm−3 with a B/C ratio of 3.7. When hydrogen is used as the carrier gas, the film density is 2.42 g cm−3, the B/C ratio 4.6, and the deposition rate 0.35 µm h−1. The hydrogen content in the films is about 3–4 at.‐%, regardless of ambient conditions during deposition, and varies only with the deposition temperature. In addition, both the film composition and the film density are found to vary significantly with the deposition temperature and the atmospheric conditions. Based upon these results, a deposition mechanism for the growth of boron‐carbon films from TEB, where the TEB molecule is decomposed to BH3 and hydrocarbons, is suggested.
Time‐lapse microscopy of macrophages during embryonic vascular development
Authors: Al‐Roubaie Sarah , Hughes Jasmine H. , Filla Michael B. , Lansford Rusty , Lehoux Stephanie , Jones Elizabeth A.V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground: Macrophages are present before the onset of blood flow, but very little is known about their function in vascular development. We have developed a technique to concurrently label both endothelial cells and macrophages for time‐lapse microscopy using co‐injection of fluorescently conjugated acetylated low‐density lipoprotein (AcLDL) and phagocytic dye PKH26‐PCL. Results: We characterize double‐labeled cells to confirm specific labeling of macrophages. Double‐labeled cells circulate, roll along the endothelium, and extravasate from vessels. Most observed macrophages are integrated into the vessel wall, showing an endothelial‐like morphology. We used transgenic quail that express a fluorescent protein driven by the endothelial‐specific promoter Tie1 in conjugation with the phagocytic dye to analyze these cells. Circulating PKH26‐PCL‐labeled cells are mostly Tie1−, but those which have integrated into the vessel wall are largely Tie1+. The endothelial‐like phagocytic cells were generally stationary during normal vascular development. We, therefore, induced vascular remodeling and found that these cells could be recruited to sites of remodeling. Conclusions: The active interaction of endothelial cells and macrophages support the hypothesis that these cells are involved in vascular remodeling. The presence of phagocytic endothelial‐like cells suggests either a myeloid‐origin to certain endothelial cells or that circulating endothelial cells/hematopoietic stem cells have phagocytic capacity. Developmental Dynamics 241:1423–1431, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Numerical simulation of scale‐model smoke contamination of upper atrium levels by a channelled balcony spill plume
Authors: Ho Chee Leong , Li Kai Yuan , Spearpoint Michael John 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTSmoke contamination of balconies due to a channelled spill plume at a lower level in an atrium might occur during a fire and could affect occupant safety during an evacuation. Previous experimental work has investigated the extent of smoke contamination, and this work describes a numerical modelling comparison of the experiments using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) computational fluid dynamics programme. Temperature, severity and height of smoke contamination are selected as the key parameters for comparison. The predictions of severity and height of smoke contamination are generally similar to the experimental results using a ‘most severe point assessment of smoke contamination’ assessment method. Although predicted temperatures are slightly lower than experimental values, FDS temperature slice files can be used at the most severe smoke contaminated point using a 10 °C temperature rise. This 10 °C threshold matches the criterion proposed in the previous experimental research. On the basis of the comparisons for the height of smoke contamination, the simulation results generally match a previously proposed equation for the height of smoke contamination above a balcony spill plume. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted: Depression as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Gao Yuan , Huang Changquan , Zhao Kexiang , Ma Louyan , Qiu Xuan , Zhang Lei , Xiu Yun , Chen Lin , Lu Wei , Huang Chunxia , Tang Yong , Xiao Qian 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundThis study examined whether depression was a risk factor for onset of dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD) and any dementia, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by using a quantitative meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies.MethodsEMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for articles published up to February 2011. All studies that examined the relationship between depression and the onset of dementia or MCI were included. Pooled relative risk was calculated using fixed‐effects models.ResultsTwelve studies met our inclusion criteria for this meta‐analysis. All subjects were without dementia or MCI at baseline. Four, two, five, and four studies compared the incidence of AD, VD, any dementia, and MCI between subjects with or without depression, respectively. After pooling all the studies, subjects with depression had higher incidence of AD (relative risk (RR):1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29–2.14), VD (RR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.19–3.01), any dementia (RR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.31–2.83), and MCI (RR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.53–2.54) than those without depression.ConclusionsThe quantitative meta‐analysis showed that depression was a major risk factor for incidence of dementia (including AD, VD, and any dementia) and MCI. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PATIENT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS AND HOSPITAL COSTS OF CARE FOR KNEE REPLACEMENT IN 10 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Cots Francesc , Chiarello Pietro , Salvador Xavier , Castells Xavier ,   on behalf of the EuroDRG group
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTKnee replacement is a common surgical procedure performed to relieve pain and disability from degenerative osteoarthritis.This study evaluates the ability of ten European diagnosis‐related group (DRG) systems to explain variations in costs or in length of stay for knee replacements. We assessed three different models in predicting variation of cost and length of stay. The first model, MD, included only DRG groups as explanatory variables; the second, MP, used a set of patient‐level variables; and the third, MF, included all variables from both MD and MP.The total number of DRGs used to group knee replacement is low, ranging from two to six. All DRG systems except one differentiate between primary knee replacement and revision surgery. Considerable differences exist in the rate of revision surgery. There is also high variation in mean cost (from € 3809 to € 8158) and in mean length of stay (LoS) (from 4.2 to 13.6 days).The explanatory power of DRGs varies from 21.5 to 72.5% with values of around 40% in most countries of the study. Findings suggest that DRG systems could be enhanced either by the inclusion of patient‐level variables, by the use of measures of clinical outcome or by improving cost and administrative information. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PERFORMANCE OF 10 EUROPEAN DRG SYSTEMS IN EXPLAINING VARIATION IN RESOURCE UTILISATION IN INGUINAL HERNIA REPAIR
Authors: O'Reilly Jacqueline , Serdén Lisbeth , Talbäck Mats , McCarthy Brian , group on behalf of the EuroDRG 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTBy classifying hospital output into groups of patients with similar clinical characteristics and resource requirements, diagnosis‐related groups (DRGs) are designed to be highly correlated with resource utilisation. Using a two‐stage approach to control for variation within and between hospitals, we examine the ability of the diverse DRG systems in 10 European countries to explain variability in resource utilisation (costs or length of stay, LoS) for hospital patients undergoing surgical repair of inguinal hernia. Our national regression results suggest that DRGs are statistically significant in explaining cost/LoS variation in the absence of any other regressors and generally remain so in most countries when patient‐level characteristics are added to the model. However patient‐level characteristics, including those used in DRG assignment, are usually also statistically significant. In nine countries, where the number of relevant DRGs ranges from two (Poland) to seven (France), the inclusion of patient‐level characteristics substantially improves model goodness‐of‐fit compared with that attained with DRGs alone. Only in Sweden is the converse true. If our analysis raises some concerns over the adequacy of DRGs to explain cost/LoS variation in inguinal hernia repair in nine of the 10 European countries, further research is required to consider whether future enhancements may be necessary. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PATIENT CLASSIFICATION AND HOSPITAL COSTS OF CARE FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN NINE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Häkkinen Unto , Chiarello Pietro , Cots Francesc , Peltola Mikko , Rättö Hanna ,   ON BEHALF OF THE EURODRG GROUP
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThis study contributes to the literature on the performance of diagnosis‐related groups (DRGs) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients by evaluating in nine countries the factors—in addition to DRGs—that affect costs or length of stay and comparing the variation that can be explained with or without DRGs. We evaluate whether the existing DRGs for AMI patients would benefit from additional patient‐related and treatment‐related factors that are found in administrative data across countries. In most countries, the set of patient and quality variables performed better than the DRG variables. Our results suggest that DRG systems in all countries could be improved by including additional explanatory factors or by refining the existing DRGs. Our results suggest that for AMI and possibly for other related episodes, a refinement of DRGs to include information on patient severity, procedures and levels of complications could improve the ability of DRGs to explain resource use. It seems possible to improve DRG‐like hospital payment systems through the inclusion of episode‐specific variables. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WHY DO PATIENTS HAVING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTS HAVE DIFFERENT COSTS OR LENGTH OF STAY? AN ANALYSIS ACROSS 10 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Gaughan James , Kobel Conrad , Linhart Caroline , Mason Anne , Street Andrew , Ward Padraic ,   on behalf of the EuroDRG group
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTWe analyse variations in cost or length of stay (LoS) for 66 587 patients from 10 European countries receiving a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedure. In five of these countries, variations in cost are analysed using log‐linear models. In the other five countries, negative binomial regression models are used to explore variations in LoS. We compare how well each country's diagnosis‐related group (DRG) system and a set of patient‐level characteristics explain these variations. The most important explanatory factors are the total number of diagnoses and procedures, although no clear effects are evident for our CABG‐specific diagnostic and procedural variables. Wound infections significantly increase LoS and costs in most countries. There is no evidence that countries using larger numbers of DRGs to group CABG patients are better at explaining variations in cost or LoS. However, refinements to the construction of DRGs to group CABG patients might recognise first and subsequent CABGs or other specific surgical procedures, such as multiple valve repair. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD40 inhibits replication of hepatitis C virus in primary human hepatocytes by c-jun N terminal kinase activation independent from the interferon pathway
Authors: Rau Sibylle J. , Hildt Eberhard , Himmelsbach Kiyoshi , Thimme Robert , Wakita Takaji , Blum Hubert E. , Fischer Richard 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, and its ligand, CD40L (CD154), are important regulators of the antiviral immune response. CD40L is up-regulated on lymphocytes and CD40 on hepatocytes during infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV); we investigated the role of CD40 signaling during HCV replication in hepatocytes. Viral replication was studied in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and Huh7.5 cells using the infectious HCV Japanese fulminate hepatitis 1 isolate (JFH1) culture system, and in coculture with HCV antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. CD40L rapidly and transiently inhibits expression of the HCV nonstructural proteins NS3 and NS5A as well as HCV structural proteins core and E2 in Huh7.5 cells. Similarly, CD40L prevented replication of HCV in PHH, in synergy with interferon (IFN)-alpha. In Huh7.5 cells with replicating HCV, CD40L prevented production of infectious viral particles. When HCV antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were cocultured with HLA-A2-expressing Huh7 cells that had replicating virus, the T cells became activated, up-regulated CD40L, and inhibited HCV replication. Inhibition of CD40L partially prevented the antiviral activity of the CD8+ T cells. The antiviral effect of CD40L required activation of c-Jun N terminal kinases (JNK)1/2, but not induction of apoptosis or the JAK/STAT pathway that is necessary for the antiviral effects of IFNs. Conclusion: CD40 inhibits HCV replication by a novel, innate immune mechanism. This pathway might mediate viral clearance, and disruptions might be involved in the pathogenesis of HCV infection. (Hepatology 2013;)
Involvement of p53 in the cytotoxic activity of the NAMPT inhibitor FK866 in myeloid leukemic cells
Authors: Thakur Basant Kumar , Dittrich Tino , Chandra Prakash , Becker Annette , Kuehnau Wolfgang , Klusmann Jan‐Henning , Reinhardt Dirk , Welte Karl 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFK866 is a specific inhibitor of NAMPT and induces apoptosis of leukemic cells by depletion of intracellular NAD+. Since up‐regulation of NAMPT is associated with several cases of cancers, including leukemias, we asked whether in leukemic cells inhibition of NAMPT involves p53 pathway. We observed that FK866 induced apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation in NB‐4, OCI‐AML3 and MOLM‐13 cell lines. In contrast, the leukemia cell lines, K‐562 and Kasumi, containing nonfunctional p53 were relatively unaffected by FK866 treatment. Importantly, direct inhibition of sirtuins significantly reduced the viability of NB‐4, OCI‐AML3 and MOLM‐13 cell lines. Activation of p53 by FK866 involved increased acetylation of p53 at lysine 382 with subsequent increase in the expression of p21 and BAX. Further, knockdown of p53 attenuated the effects of FK866 on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, which was partly associated with decreased expression of p21 and BAX. Our results suggest the role of p53 acetylation pathway in the anti‐leukemic effect of FK866.
Autophagy as a macrophage response to bacterial infection
Authors: Gong Lan , Devenish Rodney J. , Prescott Mark 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe macrophage is a key component of host defense mechanisms against pathogens. In addition to the phagocytosis of bacteria and secretion of proinflammatory mediators by macrophages, autophagy, a process involved in turnover of cellular material, is a recently identified component of the immune response to bacterial infection. Despite the bactericidal effect of autophagy, some species of intracellular bacteria are able to survive by using one or more strategies to avoid host autophagic attack. Here, we review the latest findings on the interactions between bacteria and autophagy in macrophages. © 2012 IUBMB Life, 64(9): 740–747, 2012
Nanofluidic devices towards single DNA molecule sequence mapping
Authors: Marie Rodolphe , Kristensen Anders 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNanofluidics enables the imaging of stretched single molecules with potential applications for single molecule sequence mapping. Lab‐on‐a‐chip devices for single cell trapping and lyzing, genomic DNA extraction from single cells, and optical mapping of genomic length DNA has been demonstrated separately. Yet the pursuit for applying DNA optical mapping to solve real genomics challenges is still to come. We review lab‐on‐a‐chip devices from literature that could be part of a complete system for the sequence mapping of single DNA molecules. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nanodiamond for intracellular imaging in the microorganisms in vivo
Authors: Lin Yu‐Chung , Perevedentseva Elena , Tsai Lin‐Wei , Wu Kuan‐Ting , Cheng Chia‐Liang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNanodiamond (ND) has great potential for bio labeling and drug delivery. In this work, the biocompatibility and bio labeling of ND are demonstrated via the interaction with cells and microorganisms, protists microorganisms Paramecium caudatum and Tetrahymena thermophile, in vitro and in vivo. We found the microorganism's living functions are not significantly affected by ND. The NDs were found entering the food vacuoles and later excreted by the microorganisms. The 5 nm ND was found more toxic compared to 100 nm ND, presumably due to the surface disordered carbons. Our results demonstrated nanodiamond can be used in bio imaging and matter delivery. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interpreting CARS images of tissue within the C–H‐stretching region
Authors: Meyer Tobias , Bergner Norbert , Medyukhina Anna , Dietzek Benjamin , Krafft Christoph , Romeike Bernd F. M. , Reichart Rupert , Kalff Rolf , Popp Jürgen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSingle band coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is one of the fastest implementation of nonlinear vibrational imaging allowing for video‐rate image acquisition of tissue. This is due to the large Raman signal in the C—H‐stretching region. However, the chemical specificity of such images is conventionally assumed to be low. Nonetheless, CARS imaging within the C—H‐stretching region enables detection of single cells and nuclei, which allows for histopathologic grading of tissue. Relevant information such as nucleus to cytoplasm ratio, cell density, nucleus size and shape is extracted from CARS images by innovative image processing procedures. In this contribution CARS image contrast within the C—H‐stretching region is interpreted by direct comparison with Raman imaging and correlated to the tissue composition justifying the use of CARS imaging in this wavenumber region for biomedical applications. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of adherens junction components on keratinocyte adhesionin vitro: Potential implications for sealing the skin‐implant interface of intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prostheses
Authors: Pendegrass Catherine Jane , Tucker Bethan , Patel Shelain , Dowling Robert , Blunn Gordon William 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAmputation places a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide as patients suffer life‐long complications associated with the stump‐socket interface. Skin penetrating, osseointegrated implants like intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prostheses, could overcome this, however, they rely on the formation and maintenance of an infection‐free seal at the skin‐implant interface. Epithelial cell migration around transcutaneous implants creates downgrowth, which leads to infection and implant failure. Epithelial cells form cell–cell attachments via adherens junctions and desmosomes that prevent cell migration via contact inhibition. If epithelial cells formed cell–cell attachments with an implant surface, it could facilitate stronger cell attachment and prevent downgrowth. In adherens junctions, E‐cadherin is essential in homotypic cell attachment. In this study, we have demonstrated that cell–cell adherens junctions can be formed on substrates adsorbed with E‐cadherin. We have assessed the effects of two E‐cadherin peptides and determined an optimal concentration for increasing cell attachment via adherens junctions. We have demonstrated that adsorption of 15 μg/mL of the full extracellular domain of E‐cadherin to titanium alloy significantly increases metabolic activity, cell area, and attachment of murine keratinocytesin vitro, with a fourfold increase in attachment via adherens junctions at 24, 48, and 72 h. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A:3463–3471, 2012.