bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics in environmental waters: Sample preparation and determination
Authors: Speltini Andrea , Sturini Michela , Maraschi Federica , Profumo Antonella 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe aim of this review is to provide a general overview on the analytical methods proposed in the last decade for trace fluoroquinolone (FQ) determination in environmental waters. A large number of studies have been developed on this topic in reason of the importance of their monitoring in the studies of environmental mobility and potential degradation pathways. Every step of the analysis has been carefully considered, with a particular attention to sample preparation, in relationship with the problems involved in the analysis of real matrices. The different strategies to minimise interference from organic matter and to achieve optimal sensitivity, especially important in those samples with lower FQ concentrations, were also highlighted. Results and progress in this field have been described and critically commented. Moreover, a worldwide overview on the presence of FQs in the environmental waters has been reported.
In vivo hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Asselah Tarik , Bièche Ivan , Mansouri Abdellah , Laurendeau Ingrid , Cazals‐Hatem Dominique , Feldmann Gérard , Bedossa Pierre , Paradis Valérie , Martinot‐Peignoux Michelle , Lebrec Didier , Guichard Cécile , Ogier‐Denis Eric , Vidaud Michel , Tellier Zéra , Soumelis Vassili , Marcellin Patrick , Moreau Richard 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn hepatocytes, the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), mediated by the ER‐resident stress sensors ATF‐6, IRE1, and PERK. UPR‐responsive genes are involved in the fate of ER‐stressed cells. Cells carrying hepatitis C virus (HCV) subgenomic replicons exhibit in vitro ER stress and suggest that HCV inhibits the UPR. Since in vivo ER homeostasis is unknown in livers with chronic HCV infection, we investigated ER stress and the UPR in liver samples from untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), in comparison with normal livers. Electron microscopy, western blotting, and real‐time RT‐PCR were used in liver biopsy specimens. Electron microscopy identified features showing ER stress in hepatocyte samples from patients with CHC; however, ‘ER‐stressed’ hepatocytes were found in clusters (3‐5 cells) that were scattered in the liver parenchyma. Western blot analysis confirmed the existence of hepatic ER stress by showing activation of the three ER stress sensors ATF‐6, IRE1, and PERK in CHC. Real‐time RT‐PCR showed no significant induction of UPR‐responsive genes in CHC. In contrast, genes involved in the control of diffuse processes such as liver proliferation, inflammation, and apoptosis were significantly induced in CHC. In conclusion, livers from patients with untreated CHC exhibit in vivo hepatocyte ER stress and activation of the three UPR sensors without apparent induction of UPR‐responsive genes. This lack of gene induction may be explained by the inhibiting action of HCV per se (as suggested by in vitro studies) and/or by our finding of the localized nature of hepatocyte ER stress. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving surface quality of microcellular injection molded parts through mold surface temperature manipulation with thin film insulation
Authors: Lee Jungjoo , Turng Lih‐Sheng 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMicrocellular injection molding offers many advantages such as material and energy savings, reduced cycle times, and excellent dimensional stability. However, typical surface characteristics of microcellular injection molded parts—such as gas flow and swirl marks and a lack of smoothness—have precluded the process from being used for applications where surface appearance is important. This article presents an insulator‐assisted method that has been shown to improve the surface quality of microcellular injection molded parts significantly. By incorporating a thin film (75–225 μm) of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) insulator on the mold surface, the polymer melt–insulator interfacial temperature can be manipulated and can be kept high enough during mold filling to reduce or eliminate swirl marks on the surface. The experimental results in terms of surface roughness and surface profile of conventional and microcellular injection molded parts with and without the insulator film are discussed. Thermal analyses of the corresponding microcellular injection molding experiments were performed to elucidate the correlation between film thickness, interfacial temperature, and the surface quality. The effect of insulator on the cooling time increase is also analyzed and presented. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Spinodal regions due to disorder in superferromagnets
Authors: Kondratyev V. N. , Blanchard Ph. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractInter‐ and intra‐dot structures of an assembly of ferromagnetically coupled quantum dots are analyzed within the randomly jumping interacting moments (RJIM) model including quantum effects due to the dot discrete levels and disorder. At the magnetic jump anomalies due to quantization the magnetic state equation (MSE) and phase diagrams are found to indicate an existence of spinodal regions and critical points. Arrays of dots with multiple magnetic response anomalies are predicted to display some specific features. In a case of weak coupling such arrays exhibit the well‐separated instability regions surrounding the anomaly positions. With increase in coupling we observe further structure modification, plausibly, of bifurcation type. At strong coupling the instability region becomes wide while the stable regime arises as a narrow islands at small disorders.
Photo‐induced insulator–metal transition and magnetic solitons in the perovskite PrCaMnO
Authors: Kanazawa Ikuzo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe have discussed the percolation‐like insulator–metal transition, the conduction mechanism, and localization of photo‐induced magnetic solitons with the hole in the perovskite PrCaMnO by using quantized massive gauge fields, which are introduced theoretically in the path‐integral method, around the photohole.
Quantum criticality and global phase diagram of magnetic heavy fermions
Authors: Si Qimiao 
Published: February 2010

AbstractQuantum criticality describes the collective fluctuations of matter undergoing a second‐order phase transition at zero temperature. It is being discussed in a number of strongly correlated electron systems. A prototype case occurs in the heavy fermion metals, in which antiferromagnetic quantum critical points (QCPs) have been explicitly observed. Here, I address two types of antiferromagnetic QCPs. In addition to the standard description based on the fluctuations of the antiferromagnetic order, a local QCP is also considered. It contains inherently quantum modes that are associated with a critical breakdown of the Kondo effect. Across such a QCP, there is a sudden collapse of a large Fermi surface to a small one. I also consider the proximate antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases, and these considerations lead to a global phase diagram. Finally, I discuss the pertinent experiments and outline some directions for future studies.
Proposed best practice for statisticians in the reporting and publication of pharmaceutical industry‐sponsored clinical trials
Authors: Matcham James , Julious Steven , Pyke Stephen , O'Kelly Michael , Todd Susan , Seldrup Jorgen , Day Simon 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this paper we set out what we consider to be a set of best practices for statisticians in the reporting of pharmaceutical industry‐sponsored clinical trials. We make eight recommendations covering: author responsibilities and recognition; publication timing; conflicts of interest; freedom to act; full author access to data; trial registration and independent review. These recommendations are made in the context of the prominent role played by statisticians in the design, conduct, analysis and reporting of pharmaceutical sponsored trials and the perception of the reporting of these trials in the wider community. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Persistence of increased uterine artery resistance in the third trimester and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Ghi T. , Contro E. , Youssef A. , Giorgetta F. , Farina A. , Pilu G. , Pelusi G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether the persistence of abnormal findings in the third trimester following increased uterine artery (UtA) resistance in the second trimester is related to adverse pregnancy outcome.MethodsLow‐risk nulliparous women with increased UtA mean pulsatility index (PI) at 20–22 weeks underwent repeat Doppler interrogation at 26–28 weeks and were divided into two groups: those with persistently abnormal Doppler and those with normalized UtA findings. Pregnancy outcome was noted for all patients and compared with that of 104 controls.ResultsWe examined 104 women with increased UtA resistance in the second trimester and in 62 (59.6%) cases the abnormal uteroplacental Doppler findings persisted to 26–28 weeks. Compared with controls and with patients with normalized Doppler at the third‐trimester scan, patients with persistently abnormal Doppler results had a significantly higher risk of pre‐eclampsia (10/62 vs. 1/104, P = 0.002 and 10/62 vs. 1/42, P = 0.047, respectively), small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) fetus (20/62 vs. 1/104, P < 0.001 and 20/62 vs. 4/42; P = 0.007, respectively) and admission of the infant to a neonatal intensive care unit (16/62 vs. 4/104; P < 0.001 and 16/62 vs. 1/42; P < 0.001, respectively). Compared with controls, cases with normalization had an increased risk of SGA (4/42 vs. 1/104, P = 0.03), but there were no significant differences for the other outcome measures.ConclusionsIn low‐risk nulliparous women with increased UtA resistance in the second trimester, the persistence of abnormal Doppler findings at 26–28 weeks is associated with an increased risk of obstetric complications when compared with both controls and patients with third‐trimester Doppler normalization. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntactic bootstrapping
Authors: Fisher Cynthia , Gertner Yael , Scott Rose M. , Yuan Sylvia 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChildren use syntax to guide verb learning in a process known as syntactic bootstrapping. Recent work explores how syntactic bootstrapping works—how it begins, and how it interacts with progress in syntax acquisition. We review evidence for three claims about the mechanisms and representations underlying syntactic bootstrapping: (1) Learners are biased to represent linguistic knowledge in a usefully abstract mental vocabulary, permitting rapid generalization of newly acquired syntactic knowledge to new verbs. (2) Toddlers collect information about each verb's combinatorial behavior in sentences based on listening experience, before they know anything about the verb's semantic content. (3) Syntactic bootstrapping begins with an unlearned bias to map nouns in sentences one‐to‐one onto the participant roles in events. These lines of evidence point toward a picture of early verb learning in which shallow structural analyses of sentences are intrinsically meaningful to learners, and in which information about verbs' combinatorial behavior pervades the lexicon from very early in development. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain
Evaluation of adrenocortical function in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)
Authors: Tripp Kathleen M. , Verstegen John P. , Deutsch Charles J. , Bonde Robert K. , Wit Martine de , Manire Charles A. , Gaspard Joseph , Harr Kendal E. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe study objectives were to determine the predominant manatee glucocorticoid; validate assays to measure this glucocorticoid and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); determine diagnostic thresholds to distinguish physiological vs. pathological concentrations; identify differences associated with sex, age class, female reproductive status, capture time, and lactate; and determine the best methods for manatee biologists and clinicians to diagnose stress. Cortisol is the predominant manatee glucocorticoid. IMMULITE 1000 assays for cortisol and ACTH were validated. Precision yielded intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation for serum cortisol: ≤23.5 and ≤16.7%; and ACTH: ≤6.9 and ≤8.5%. Accuracy resulted in a mean adjustedR2≥0.87 for serum cortisol and ≥0.96 for ACTH. Assay analytical sensitivities for cortisol (0.1 µg/dl) and ACTH (10.0 pg/ml) were verified. Methods were highly correlated with another IMMULITE 1000 for serum cortisol (r=0.97) and ACTH (r=0.98). There was no significant variation in cortisol or ACTH with sex or age class and no correlation with female progesterone concentrations. Cortisol concentrations were highest in unhealthy manatees, chronically stressed by disease or injury. ACTH was greatest in healthy free‐ranging or short‐term rehabilitating individuals, peracutely stressed by capture and handling. Cortisol concentrations ≥1.0 µg/dl were diagnostic of chronic stress; ACTH concentrations ≥87.5 pg/ml were diagnostic of peracute stress. In healthy long‐term captive manatees, cortisol (0.4±0.2 µg/dl) and ACTH (47.7±15.9 pg/ml) concentrations were lower than healthy free‐ranging, short‐term rehabilitated or unhealthy manatees. Capture time was not significantly correlated with cortisol; ACTH correlation was borderline significant. Cortisol and ACTH were positively correlated with lactate. Zoo Biol 30:17–31, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk Factors for Massive Bleeding during Major Hepatectomy
Authors: Shirabe Ken , Kajiyama Kiyoshi , Harimoto Norifumi , Tsujita Eiji , Wakiyama Shigeki , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundMassive bleeding during hepatectomy is a risk for mortality and morbidity. We examined the risk factors for massive bleeding and their correlations with outcomes.MethodsThe study was a retrospective case series. Among 353 consecutively hepatectomized patients, the mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 825 ml. Ten patients (2.8%) experienced EBL of between 3000 and 5000 ml. Five patients (1.4%) experienced massive EBL defined as more than 5000 ml, and all five patients had undergone right major hepatectomy (RMH) for primary liver cancer (PLC). All the patients with PLC who underwent RMH were divided into two groups: group I with EBL ≤ 5000 ml (n = 19) and group II with EBL > 5000 ml (n = 5). Perioperative factors regarding massive bleeding and operative mortality and morbidity were compared between the two groups.ResultsAmong the ten patients who experienced EBL of between 3000 and 5000 ml, three had partial hepatectomy of no more than subsegmentectomy of the paracaval portion of the caudate lobe and three had central bisegmentectomy. The mean tumor size was 7.9 ± 4.7 cm in group I and 15.1 ± 2.2 cm in group II (P = 0. 0034). Tumor compression of the inferior vena cava (IVC) on CT scans was observed in all patients in group II, but in no patients in group I (P < 0.0001). Four of five patients in group II received surgery through an anterior approach. The liver‐hanging maneuver (LHM) was applied in 14 of 19 patients (74%) in group I but could not be applied in group II (P = 0.0059). No postoperative and in‐hospital mortalities occurred in group II and there were no significant differences in the incidence of mortality and morbidity between the groups.ConclusionsRMH for large PLCs, tumor compression of the IVC, and an anterior approach without the LHM are risks for massive bleeding during hepatectomy. Preparation of rapid infusion devices in these cases is necessary to avoid prolonged hypotension.
Rice Germin-Like Proteins: Allelic Diversity and Relationships to Early Stress Responses
Authors: Davidson Rebecca M. , Manosalva Patricia M. , Snelling Jacob , Bruce Myron , Leung Hei , Leach Jan E. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Germin-like protein (GLP) markers were associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to the rice blast pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae in multiple rice (Oryza sativa) mapping populations. Twelve paralogous OsGLP gene family members are located within the physical QTL region on chromosome 8, and gene silencing studies suggest that they contribute collectively to the resistance phenotype. We compared sequence and expression profiles of OsGLP alleles in two resistant and two susceptible parental rice lines to find functional polymorphisms that correlated with the resistant phenotype. Based on coding and promoter sequences, the genes belong to two germin subfamily groups (GER3 and GER4). OsGLP members from both subfamilies were constitutively expressed and developmentally regulated in all cultivars. Transient induction above constitutive levels was observed for some OsGLPs, especially GER4 subfamily members, at early time points after M. oryzae infection and mechanical wounding. Varying 5′ regulatory regions and differential expression of some family members between resistant and susceptible cultivars corresponded with differential hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation after the same stimuli. OsGLP of both GER subfamilies localized to the plant cell wall. The protein location and early gene induction suggest that OsGLPs protect rice leaves at early stages of infection before fungal penetration and subsequent ingress. Our data suggest that regulation of OsGLP genes defines resistant versus susceptible phenotypes.
Beneficial influence of dietary spices on the ultrastructure and fluidity of the intestinal brush border in rats
Authors: Prakash Usha N. S. , Srinivasan Krishnapura 
Published: February 2010

The beneficial influence of three common spices was examined in experimental rats on: (i) the membrane fluidity of intestinal brush-border membranes (BBM), (ii) the activity of intestinal membrane-bound enzymes, and (iii) ultrastructural alterations in the intestinal epithelium. Groups of male Wistar rats were maintained on dietary black pepper (0·5 %), red pepper (3·0 %), ginger (0·05 %) and spice bioactive compounds piperine (0·02 %) and capsaicin (0·01 %) for 8 weeks. A membrane fluidity study using an apolar fluorescent probe showed increased BBM fluidity in all the spice-fed animals. This was corroborated by a decreased cholesterol:phospholipid ratio in the jejunal and ileal regions of the intestine. These dietary spices stimulated the activities of BBM enzymes (glycyl-glycine dipeptidase, leucine amino peptidase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase) in the jejunal mucosa, suggesting a modulation in membrane dynamics due to the apolar spice bioactive compounds interacting with surrounding lipids and hydrophobic portions in the protein vicinity, which may decrease the tendency of membrane lipids to act as steric constraints to enzyme proteins and thus modify enzyme conformation. Scanning electronic microscopy of the intestinal villi in these spice treatments revealed alterations in the ultrastructure, especially an increase in microvilli length and perimeter which would mean a beneficial increase in the absorptive surface of the small intestine, providing for an increased bioavailability of micronutrients. Thus, dietary spices (black pepper, red pepper and ginger) were evidenced to induce alterations in BBM fluidity and passive permeability property, associated with the induction of an increased microvilli length and perimeter, resulting in an increased absorptive surface of the small intestine.
Respiratory syncytial virus and complete heart block in a child
Authors: Menahem Samuel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe common respiratory syncytial virus has been associated with cardiac involvement, usually tachyarrhythmias and occasionally myocarditis. A child is described who probably developed a complete heart block following respiratory syncytial bronchiolitis. Such an association needs to be considered if the heart is structurally normal and there is no evidence of a congenital heart block in a setting of maternal anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies.
Stochasticity in fusion plasmas
Authors: Unterberg Bernhard 
Published: February 2010

Structure formation and transport in stochastic plasmas is a topic of growing importance in many fields of plasma physics from astrophysics to fusion research. In particular, the possibility to control transport in the boundary of confined fusion plasmas by resonant magnetic perturbations has been investigated extensively during recent years.
A major research achievement was finding that the intense transient particle and heat fluxes associated with edge localized modes (here type-I ELMs) in magnetically confined fusion plasmas can be mitigated or even suppressed by resonant magnetic perturbation fields. This observation opened up a possible scheme to avoid too large erosion and material damage by such transients in future fusion devices such as ITER. However, it is widely recognized that a more basic understanding is needed to extrapolate the results obtained in present experiments to future fusion devices.
The 4th workshop on Stochasticity in Fusion Plasmas was held in Jülich, Germany, from 2 to 4 March 2009. This series of workshops aims at gathering fusion experts from various plasma configurations such as tokamaks, stellarators and reversed field pinches to exchange knowledge on structure formation and transport in stochastic fusion plasmas. The workshops have attracted colleagues from both experiment and theory and stimulated fruitful discussions about the basics of stochastic fusion plasmas. Important papers from the first three workshops in 2003, 2005 and 2007 have been published in previous special issues of Nuclear Fusion (stacks.iop.org/NF/44/i=6,
stacks.iop.org/NF/46/i=4 and
stacks.iop.org/NF/48/i=2).
This special issue comprises contributions presented at the 4th SFP workshop, dealing with the main subjects such as formation of stochastic magnetic layers, energy and particle transport in stochastic magnetic fields, plasma response to external, non-axis-symmetric perturbations and last but not least application of resonant magnetic perturbations for ELM control and implications for ITER.
The next workshop is planned for February/March 2011 in Jülich. For details see
http://www.fz-juelich.de/sfp/.
We hope that this special issue of Nuclear Fusion will further stimulate interest in the fascinating and important subject of stochasticity in fusion plasmas.
After Lives
Authors: Casey John 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChristianity from its earliest times taught the existence of heaven and hell as places where good and evil deeds in this life were judged, rewarded and punished. In the course of time ideas both of promised bliss and threatened woe went beyond anything than can have a purchase on human experience. Nevertheless, in their most developed form, doctrines of heaven and hell were explorations of moral psychology, as seen in their greatest imaginative expression, Dante's Divine Comedy. The present book explores and comments on ideas about post-mortem existence from ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Israel, Greece and Rome, as well as in Christianity and (more briefly) Islam. Having traced the early history, growth, and refinement of these ideas over five millennia, it ends with the discordant voices of spiritualism, liberal theology, Mormonism, Evangelical Christian preachers of Rapture and Armageddon, modern Muslim apocalyptics, and Coptic visions of the Last Days. In a Prologue and an Epilogue the ironic treatment of some of these themes in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce is evoked to set them in a context of modernity.