bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and safety in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients switching from warfarin to direct oral anticoagulants in US healthcare claims
Authors: Lip Gregory Y. H. , Noxon Virginia , Kang Amiee , Luo Xuemei , Atreja Nipun , Han Stella , Cheng Dong , Jiang Jenny , Abramovitz Lisa , Deitelzweig Steven 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
There is a paucity of real-world studies examining the risks of stroke/systemic embolism (SE) and major bleeding (MB) among non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients switching from warfarin to a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC). This retrospective study was conducted to compare the stroke/SE and MB risks between patients switched from warfarin to apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban in real-world clinical practice.

Materials and methods
This study used data from four United States commercial claims databases from January 1, 2012 to June 30, 2019. The study population included NVAF patients initially treated with warfarin and switched to apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban within 90 days of their warfarin prescription ending. Patients were matched 1:1 between the DOACs in each database using propensity scores and then pooled for the final analysis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the risk of stroke/SE and MB.

Results and conclusions
The final population consisted of 2,611 apixaban-dabigatran, 12,165 apixaban-rivaroxaban, and 2,672 dabigatran-rivaroxaban pairs. Apixaban vs. dabigatran was associated with a lower risk of stroke/SE (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39–0.96) and MB (HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.50–0.91). Apixaban vs. rivaroxaban was associated with a similar risk of stroke/SE (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.73–1.07) and a lower risk of MB (HR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.52–0.68). There was no significant difference in either risk between dabigatran and rivaroxaban. These results provide important insights into how the risks of stroke/SE and MB for NVAF patients vary when switching from warfarin to different DOACs.
Enhancing Microplastics Recovery from Complex Sludge Samples Using COD-Guided Pretreatment
Authors: Hatinoglu Dilara , Simsek Irem , Altuntas Oguzhan , Karakurt Ozan , Sanin F. Dilek 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGiven the society’s continuous reliance on plastic materials, large amounts of micron-sized plastic particles (i.e., microplastics, MPs) reach wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) every day. Despite their effective removal from influent wastewater, over 90% of MPs in WWTPs are accumulated in sludge. Yet, there is no universally accepted method for quantifying and identifying MPs, obscuring our understanding of this pollution’s extent. Therefore, this study aims to develop a chemical oxygen demand (COD) based repeatable method for MPs analysis in sludge, which is a very complex, MPs-laden by product of WWTPs. The developed method is unique in that it removes the organic substances interfering with polymer analysis by monitoring the COD of sludge. Upon 90% of organic matter removal, MPs are extracted from the medium by a two-step density-based separation, sieved, stained with Nile Red, and counted using fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, quality assurance and quality control strategies including blank preparation and spike-and-recovery test procedures are followed. The protocol ensures a minimum 80% recovery rate of various MPs from both waste activated sludge (WAS) and wastewater samples, aligning with recommended standards. Crucially, the method preserves the chemical identity of MPs. Application of the protocol revealed that urban WWTP WAS had 475 MPs/g TS; industrial influent and effluents wastewater had 73 and 26 MPs/L; and industrial secondary and dewatered sludge had 114 and 132 MPs/g TS, consistent with the literature. This demonstrates the method’s robustness by revealing MPs reduction within the WWTP process and sludge accumulation as treatment progresses.
Graphical Abstract
Cannabinoids and healthy ageing: the potential for extending healthspan and lifespan in preclinical models with an emphasis on Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Wang Zhizhen , Arnold Jonathon C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThere is a significant global upsurge in the number and proportion of older persons in the population. With this comes an increasing prevalence of age-related conditions which pose a major challenge to healthcare systems. The development of anti-ageing treatments may help meet this challenge by targeting the ageing process which is a common denominator to many health problems. Cannabis-like compounds (cannabinoids) are reported to improve quality of life and general well-being in human trials, and there is increasing preclinical research highlighting that they have anti-ageing activity. Moreover, preclinical evidence suggests that endogenous cannabinoids regulate ageing processes. Here, we review the anti-ageing effects of the cannabinoids in various model systems, including the most extensively studied nematode model, Caenorhabditis elegans. These studies highlight that the cannabinoids lengthen healthspan and lifespan, with emerging evidence that they may also hinder the development of cellular senescence. The non-psychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) shows particular promise, with mechanistic studies demonstrating it may work through autophagy induction and activation of antioxidative systems. Furthermore, CBD improves healthspan parameters such as diminishing age-related behavioural dysfunction in models of both healthy and accelerated ageing. Translation into mammalian systems provides an important next step. Moreover, looking beyond CBD, future studies could probe the multitude of other cannabis constituents for their anti-ageing activity.
Effectiveness of Very Brief Advice on Tobacco Cessation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cheng Christopher Chi Wai , He Wan Jia Aaron , Gouda Hebe , Zhang Min Jin , Luk Tzu Tsun , Wang Man Ping , Lam Tai Hing , Chan Sophia Siu Chee , Cheung Yee Tak Derek 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Very brief advice (VBA; ≤ 3 min) on quitting is practical and scalable during brief medical interactions with patients who smoke. This study aims to synthesize the effectiveness of VBA for smoking cessation and summarize the implementation strategies.

Methods
We searched randomized controlled trials aiming at tobacco abstinence and comparing VBA versus no smoking advice or no contact from Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo databases, six Chinese databases, two trial registries ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO-ICTRP from inception to September 30, 2023. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations framework was used to assess the certainty of the evidence of the meta-analytic findings. The outcomes were self-reported long-term tobacco abstinence at least 6 months after treatment initiation, earlier than 6 months after treatment initiation, and quit attempts. Effect sizes were computed as risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI using frequentist random-effect models.

Data Synthesis
Thirteen randomized controlled trials from 15 articles (n = 26,437) were included. There was moderate-certainty evidence that VBA significantly increased self-reported tobacco abstinence at ≥ 6 months in the adjusted model (adjusted risk ratio ARR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07–1.27) compared with controls. The sensitivity analysis showed similar results when abstinence was verified by biochemical validation (n = 6 studies, RR 1.53, 95% CI 0.98–2.40). There was high-certainty evidence that VBA significantly increased abstinence at < 6 months (ARR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01–1.47). Evidence of effect on quit attempts (ARR 1.03, 95% CI 0.97–1.08) was of very low certainty.

Discussion
VBA delivered in a clinical setting is effective in increasing self-reported tobacco abstinence, which provides support for wider adoption in clinical practice.
Die Vergegenwärtigung des späten DDR-Rundfunks. Eine Interviewstudie aus Ostberlin
Authors: Löblich Maria , Pollack Elisa 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungMehr als 30 Jahre nach der Wende scheint der Deutungskampf um das Ende des DDR-Rundfunks nicht beigelegt zu sein. Einerseits werden die mangelnden Einflussmöglichkeiten Ostdeutscher bei der Gestaltung des Rundfunks nach 1989 kritisiert. Andererseits wird die Eingliederung in das westdeutsche Rundfunksystem als Erfolg gefeiert, wobei die verschiedenen Identifikationsmöglichkeiten hervorgehoben werden, die die neu gegründeten Landessender von Anfang an boten. Dieser Beitrag fragt, wie Ostdeutsche den DDR-Rundfunk und seine Abwicklung heute erinnern. Gestützt auf die Strukturations- und Identitätstheorie von Anthony Giddens und auf der Basis von 37 biographischen Interviews wird ein Spektrum von Deutungen aufgezeigt, die Menschen aus Ostberlin rückblickend mit dem Medienstrukturumbruch verbinden. Die Studie zeigt, dass neben einer Gruppe von Befragten, die den späten DDR-Rundfunk kaum oder gar nicht in ihre Selbsterzählungen eingebunden haben, die Vergegenwärtigung dieser Einrichtung über unterschiedliche Biographien hinweg im Modus einer Selbstvergewisserung stattfindet. Dabei werden Zuordnungen und Abgrenzungen zur DDR-Herkunft vorgenommen. Die DDR-Rundfunkgeschichte wird mit Identität aufgeladen, was zum einen auf die medial dominanten DDR- und Ost-Diskurse zurückzuführen ist, zum anderen auf die verschiedenen (Kollektiv‑)Erfahrungen und Lebensbedingungen der Ostdeutschen nach 1989.
Olearia dibrachiata (Compositae: Astereae: Hinterhuberinae): a taxonomic note. Contributions to the Flora of Mount Jaya, XXII
Authors: Hind D. J. Nicholas 
Published: May 2024

SummaryOlearia exilis S.Moore var. subacuta J.Kost. is considered conspecific with Olearia dibrachiata D.J.N.Hind & R.J.Johns following a re-examination of both Koster’s protologue diagnosis and its type (and paratype) material.
A Dynamic Model for GMP Compliance and Regulatory Science
Authors: Bao Yiyi , Buhay Nicholas , Zheng Qiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To propose a dynamic model designed to investigate the underlying principles of regulatory science and assess the effectiveness of pharmaceutical GMP regulation.

Methods
A dynamic model for the state of compliance of a pharmaceutical manufacturing firm is constructed by using a generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck equation. The model is based on quantitative characterization of principles of proportionality, transparency and consistency, and regulatory effectiveness as measured by efficiency, cost and quality. The dynamic model is solved by numerical simulation.

Results
The dynamic model is capable of characterizing a wide range of compliance behaviors and regulatory actions, including the regression and heightening of compliance vigilance, and the scheduling of frequency and concurrency of regulatory actions. Quantitative relationships are established between the principles of proportionality, transparency and consistency, and the basic measures of regulatory effectiveness in terms of efficiency, cost and quality.

Conclusions
The compliance behaviors and the regulatory actions can be quantitatively characterized by a dynamic model, and this in turn suggests that proportionality, transparency and consistency can serve as fundamental concepts, and efficiency, cost and quality can serve as basic measures for regulatory science.
Multiple mycotoxins associated with maize (Zea mays L.) grains harvested from subsistence farmers’ fields in southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Atnafu Birhane , Garbaba Chemeda Abedeta , Lemessa Fikre , Migheli Quirico , Sulyok Michael , Chala Alemayehu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFifty-four maize grain samples freshly harvested from subsistence farmers’ fields in southwestern Ethiopia were analyzed for multiple mycotoxins using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method following extraction by acetonitrile/water/acetic acid on a rotary shaker. The grain samples were contaminated with a total of 164 metabolites, of which Fusarium and Penicillium metabolites were the most prevalent accounting for 27 and 30%, respectively. All the major mycotoxins and derivatives except one (citrinin) were of Fusarium origin. Zearalenone was the most frequent major mycotoxin occurring in 74% of the samples at concentrations of 0.32–1310 µg/kg. It was followed by nivalenol (63%), zearalenone-sulfate (44%), and fumonisin B1 (41%). Nivalenol, nivalenol glucoside, and fusarenon-X were detected at unusually high levels of 8–1700 µg/kg, 21–184 µg/kg, and 33–149 µg/kg, respectively. Deoxynivalenol and DON-3 glucoside contaminated 32% of the samples, each at levels of 15.9–5140 µg/kg and 10–583 µg/kg, respectively. Moniliformin and W493B occurred in 96 and 22% samples at levels of 3.27–4410 µg/kg and 3–652 µg/kg, respectively. Fumonisins were also detected in the samples at levels of 9–6770 µg/kg (B1), 16–1830 µg/kg (B2), 9.5–808 µg/kg (B3), and 1.3–128 µg/kg (A1). This study confirmed the presence of an array of mycotoxins contaminating maize grains right from the field. The effect of the co-occurring mycotoxins on consumers’ health should be investigated along with that of the newly emerging ones. Results of the current study call for application of pre-harvest mycotoxin mitigation strategies to safeguard maize-based food and feed.
Identification of a pyroptosis-immune-related lncRNA signature for prognostic and immune landscape prediction in bladder cancer patients
Authors: Zhao Fuguang , Jia Zhibo , Xie Hui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Individualized medicine has become increasingly important in bladder cancer treatment, whereas useful biomarkers for prognostic prediction are still lacking. The current study, therefore, constructed a novel risk model based on pyroptosis- and immune-related long noncoding RNAs (Pyro-Imm lncRNAs) to evaluate the potential prognosis of bladder cancer.

Methods
Corresponding data of bladder cancer patients were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The univariate Cox regression analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis were employed to establish a predictive signature, which was evaluated by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis and Kaplan–Meier analysis. Furthermore, the immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, and responses to chemotherapeutic drugs were analyzed with this model.

Results
Three Pyro-Imm lncRNAs (MAFG-DT, AC024060.1, AC116914.2) were finally identified. Patients in the low-risk group demonstrated a significant survival advantage. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) at 1, 3, and 5 years was 0.694, 0.709, and 0.736 respectively in the entire cohort. KEGG and GO analyses showed that the Wnt pathway plays a crucial role in the high-risk group. The risk score was significantly related to the degree of infiltration of different immune cells, the expression of multiple immune checkpoint genes, and the sensitivity of various chemotherapeutic drugs.

Conclusion
This novel signature provides a theoretical basis for cancer immunology and chemotherapy, which might help develop individualized therapy.
Experimental evaluation of alternative ceiling-based ventilation systems for long-range passenger aircraft
Authors: Dehne Tobias , Lange Pascal , Schmeling Daniel , Gores Ingo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlternative ventilation technology bricks, such as ceiling-based, sidewall-based or floor-based ventilation, are of high interest in terms of manufacturing and customization benefits for passenger aircraft. Two novel ventilation systems and state-of-the-art Mixing Ventilation (MV) were experimentally investigated under static conditions in a ground-based research facility. In case of Micro-Jet Ventilation, a perforated ceiling brings the air into the cabin as localized micro-jets with high momentum. Further, Low-Momentum Ceiling Ventilation characterized by a low-momentum air supply through planar and large-surface inlets is investigated. The measurement techniques and the test matrix were designed in order to quantify and evaluate thermal comfort, local air quality and energy efficiency of the ventilation concept. The results proved that there is not one single ventilation concept which optimizes all challenges: air quality, thermal comfort and energy efficiency. Both advantages and disadvantages were found for each ventilation system. In terms of technology bricks, the following main results were found: The average local age-of-air was between 5 and 14%, depending on the boundary conditions. It was lower for the ceiling-based concepts compared to state-of-the-art MV. At the same time the average CO2 concentration decreased by 7–14% for the ceiling-based concepts compared to MV. The local velocities in the vicinity of the passengers were similar for cruise conditions, whereas they decreased by up to 38% in case of hot-day-on-ground conditions for ceiling-based ventilation compared to MV. On the other hand, the heat removal efficiency was low for all concepts and the temperature stratification increased in case of ceiling-based ventilation.
Archaeology and ecology of acavus snails in Sri Lanka’s semi-arid to intermediate zones: uncovering holocene microclimatic changes
Authors: Siriwardana Thilanka M. , Manusinghe Pramuditha P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents a discovery of Acavus haemastoma, wet-humid favouring arboreal land snails from Semi-Arid coastal lagoon habitat during the late Holocene period in Southern Sri Lanka, occurring around the mid-4th millennium BP. These findings challenge established notions regarding palaeoecological conditions within the Semi-Arid and Transitional Zones (SATZ), prompting a re-evaluation of prevailing archaeological assumptions. We propose that the presence of Acavus sp. in the SATZ is primarily attributed to their natural behaviours rather than anthropogenic influences. In conjunction with an examination of early archaeological literature, we explore the implications of humid phases within the SATZ, aligning these phases with Acavus snails’ distribution patterns and climatic fluctuations and proposing the value of land snails in Sri Lanka as a potential proxy for small scale micro-climatic conditions.
Test case prioritization based on fault sensitivity analysis using ranked NSGA-2
Authors: Garg Kamal , Shekhar Shashi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses regression testing in software maintenance, focusing on test case prioritization to verify modifications to software functionality efficiently. The primary goal is to rank test cases, prioritizing those covering more code or faults with minimal execution time. The challenge lies in prioritizing numerous test cases generated during development and maintenance. Various algorithms, including greedy approaches and meta-heuristic techniques, address this challenge. The paper introduces a ranking-based non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-2) for test case prioritization, emphasizing cases sensitive to faults caused by modifications or new functionality. Historical data is prioritized, with key objectives including the sensitive index, execution cost, and average percentage of fault detection (APFD). The proposed model is tested on handcrafted and benchmark Java-based applications, comparing its performance to state-of-the-art algorithms in test case prioritization.
Evidenzorientierung weiter denken: Vorschläge zur Erweiterung der Forschungsperspektiven zum evidenzorientierten Denken und Handeln von Lehrkräften
Authors: Hartmann Ulrike , Schellenbach-Zell Judith 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungWir freuen uns über die Möglichkeit, im Rahmen des Weiterdenkheftes die bisherigen Überlegungen von Bauer und Kollar (2023) im Jubiläumsheft der Unterrichtswissenschaft aufgreifen und weiterführen zu dürfen. Die vorgeschlagenen Erweiterungen zielen darauf ab, die Relevanz der Erkenntnisse für die Verbesserung des unterrichtsbezogenen Lehr- und Lerngeschehens zu erhöhen und evidenzorientiertes Denken und Handeln als Teil einer kontinuierlichen Professionalisierung von Lehrkräften zu etablieren. Im ersten Schritt argumentieren wir für eine stärkere Berücksichtigung der komplexen Integrationsprozesse, wie sie sich in unterschiedlichen weitergehenden Professionstheorien finden lassen. Wir stellen dazu Möglichkeiten zur Erweiterung der Perspektiven im Hinblick auf das Professionalisierungsziel sowie im Hinblick auf die Wissensbasis vor. Im zweiten Kapitel sprechen wir uns dafür aus, die Forschung zu evidenzorientiertem Handeln auch auf komplexe Unterrichtssituationen, also Handeln in situ, auszuweiten und loten dazu Potenziale zur Anschlussfähigkeit aktueller Forschungsansätze aus. Das letzte Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit der Erweiterung von evidenzorientiertem Handeln auf unterschiedliche berufsbiographische Phasen der Professionalisierung und bindet auch hier viable Forschungsansätze an. Somit zeigen wir auf, an welchen Stellen sich Forschung zum evidenzorientierten Handeln und Zugänge aus internationaler Lehrkräftebildungsforschung gegenseitig bereichern können, insbesondere auch, um attraktive Visionen für die Lehrkräftebildung zu gewinnen, die den vielfältigen aktuellen Herausforderungen in diesem Bereich begegnen können.
Ammonia combustion and emissions in practical applications: a review
Authors: Alnajideen Mohammad , Shi Hao , Northrop William , Emberson David , Kane Seamus , Czyzewski Pawel , Alnaeli Mustafa , Mashruk Syed , Rouwenhorst Kevin , Yu Chunkan , Eckart Sven , Valera-Medina Agustin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAmmonia is emerging as a viable alternative to fossil fuels in combustion systems, aiding in the reduction of carbon emissions. However, its use faces challenges, including NOx emissions and low flame speed. Innovative approaches and technologies have significantly advanced the development and implementation of ammonia as a zero-carbon fuel. This review explores current advancements in using ammonia as a fuel substitute, highlighting the complexities that various systems need to overcome before reaching full commercial maturity in support of practical decarbonising global strategies. Different from other reviews, this article incorporates insights of various industrial partners currently working towards green ammonia technologies. The work further addresses fundamental complexities of ammonia combustion, crucial for its practical and industrial implementation in various types of equipment.
Sustainability of heritage buildings reuse between competition and integration case study (Fuwwah and Rosetta)
Authors: Elbelkasy Mohamed Ibrahim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUrban development in historic cities frequently faces the dilemma of balancing preserving cultural heritage with meeting economic competition and modernization requirements. This study investigates the long-term viability of repurposing heritage buildings in the urban areas of Fuwwah and Rosetta, Egypt. It specifically examines the intricate relationship between competition and integration in achieving sustainability. This study examines the present condition of heritage conservation in these cities by analyzing the factors that impact the sustainability of repurposing buildings and evaluating the effectiveness of strategies that balance the pressures of urban competition with the need to incorporate heritage into the changing urban environment. The research examines the practices and difficulties associated with repurposing heritage buildings in Fuwwah and Rosetta. Examine the economic, social, and environmental factors that impact the long-term viability of heritage preservation. Assess the equilibrium between urban development influenced by competition and the inclusive methods of repurposing heritage buildings. The research methodology comprises two approaches: the first involves conducting a literature review on heritage building reuse, sustainability in heritage conservation, and competition and integration in urban development. The analysis approach focuses on assessing heritage conservation in case studies by examining competition and integrating investment in heritage buildings. The ultimate goal is to draw conclusions and determine the results of these assessments.