bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exclusionary screening method based on 3D morphometric features to sort commingled atlases and axes
Authors: Cappella Annalisa , Palamenghi Andrea , Solazzo Riccardo , Mazzarelli Debora , Gibelli Daniele , Sforza Chiarella , Cattaneo Cristina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn forensic commingled contexts, when the disarticulation occurs uniquely at the atlantoaxial joint, the correct match of atlas and axis may lead to the desirable assembly of the entire body. Notwithstanding the importance of this joint in such scenarios, no study has so far explored three-dimensional (3D) methodologies to match these two adjoining bones. In the present study, we investigated the potential of re-associating atlas and axis through 3D–3D superimposition by testing their articular surfaces congruency in terms of point-to-point distance (Root Mean Square, RMS). We analysed vertebrae either from the same individual (match) and from different individuals (mismatch). The RMS distance values were assessed for both groups (matches and mismatches) and a threshold value was determined to discriminate matches with a sensitivity of 100%. The atlas and the corresponding axis from 41 documented skeletons (18 males and 23 females), in addition to unpaired elements (the atlas or the axis) from 5 individuals, were superimposed, resulting in 41 matches and 1851 mismatches (joining and non-joining elements). No sex-related significant differences were found in matches and mismatches (p = 0.270 and p = 0.210, respectively), allowing to pool together the two sexes in each group. RMS values ranged between 0.41 to 0.77 mm for matches and between 0.37 and 2.18 mm for mismatches. Significant differences were found comparing the two groups (p < 0.001) and the highest RMS of matches (0.77 mm) was used as the discriminative value that provided a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 41%. In conclusion, the 3D–3D superimposition of the atlanto-axial articular facets cannot be considered as a re-association method per se, but rather as a screening one. However, further research on the validation of the 3D approach and on its application to other joints might provide clues to the complex topic of the reassociation of crucial adjoining bones.
Early life adversity impacts alterations in brain structure and food addiction in individuals with high BMI
Authors: Ravichandran Soumya , Sood Riya , Das Isha , Dong Tien , Figueroa Johnny D. , Yang Jennifer , Finger Nicholas , Vaughan Allison , Vora Priten , Selvaraj Katie , Labus Jennifer S. , Gupta Arpana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObesity and food addiction are associated with distinct brain signatures related to reward processing, and early life adversity (ELA) also increases alterations in these same reward regions. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the effect of early life adversity on food addiction are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the interactions between ELA, food addiction, and brain morphometry in individuals with obesity. 114 participants with high body mass index (BMI) underwent structural MRIs, and completed several questionnaires (e.g., Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Early Traumatic Inventory (ETI)). Freesurfer 6 was applied to generate the morphometry of brain regions. A multivariate pattern analysis was used to derive brain morphometry patterns associated with food addiction. General linear modeling and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the effects of ELA and resilience on food addiction in individuals with obesity. Statistical significance was determined at a level of p < 0.05. High levels of ELA showed a strong association between reward control brain signatures and food addiction (p = 0.03). Resilience positively mediated the effect of ELA on food addiction (B = 0.02, p = 0.038). Our findings suggest that food addiction is associated with brain signatures in motivation and reward processing regions indicative of dopaminergic dysregulation and inhibition of cognitive control regions. These mechanistic variabilities along with early life adversity suggest increased vulnerability to develop food addiction and obesity in adulthood, which can buffer by the neuroprotective effects of resilience, highlighting the value of incorporating cognitive appraisal into obesity therapeutic regimens.
Double-modified, thio and methylene ATP analogue facilitates wound healing in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Pawlowska Roza , Radzikowska-Cieciura Ewa , Jafari Sepideh , Fastyn Julia , Korkus Eliza , Gendaszewska-Darmach Edyta , Zhao Gangyin , Snaar-Jagalska Ewa , Chworos Arkadiusz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent data indicate that extracellular ATP affects wound healing efficacy via P2Y2-dependent signaling pathway. In the current work, we propose double-modified ATP analogue—alpha-thio-beta,gamma-methylene-ATP as a potential therapeutic agent for a skin regeneration. For the better understanding of structure–activity relationship, beside tested ATP analogues, the appropriate single-modified derivatives of target compound, such as alpha-thio-ATP and beta,gamma-methylene-ATP, were also tested in the context of their involvement in the activation of ATP-dependent purinergic signaling pathway via the P2Y2 receptor. The diastereomerically pure alpha-thio-modified-ATP derivatives were obtained using the oxathiaphospholane method as separate SP and RP diastereomers. Both the single- and double- modified ATP analogues were then tested for their impact on the viability and migration of human keratinocytes. The involvement of P2Y2-dependent purinergic signaling was analyzed in silico by molecular docking of the tested compounds to the P2Y2 receptor and experimentally by studying intracellular calcium mobilization in the human keratinocytes HaCaT. The effects obtained for ATP analogues were compared with the results for ATP as a natural P2Y2 agonist. To confirm the contribution of the P2Y2 receptor to the observed effects, the tests were also performed in the presence of the selective P2Y2 antagonist—AR-C118925XX. The ability of the alpha-thio-beta,gamma-methylene-ATP to influence cell migration was analyzed in vitro on the model HaCaT and MDA-MB-231 cells by wound healing assay and transwell migration test as well as in vivo using zebrafish system. The impact on tissue regeneration was estimated based on the regrowth rate of cut zebrafish tails. The in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the SP-alpha-thio-beta,gamma-methylene-ATP analogue promotes regeneration-related processes, making it a suitable agent for enhance wound healing. Performed studies indicated its impact on the cell migration, induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and intracellular calcium mobilization. The enhanced regeneration of cut zebrafish tails confirmed the pro-regenerative activity of this ATP analogue. Based on the performed studies, the SP-alpha-thio-beta,gamma-methylene-ATP is proposed as a potential therapeutic agent for wound healing and skin regeneration treatment.
Developing a prognostic model using machine learning for disulfidptosis related lncRNA in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pan Yang , Jin Xuanhong , Xu Haoting , Hong Jiandong , Li Feng , Luo Taobo , Zeng Jian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDisulfidptosis represents a novel cell death mechanism triggered by disulfide stress, with potential implications for advancements in cancer treatments. Although emerging evidence highlights the critical regulatory roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathobiology of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), research into lncRNAs specifically associated with disulfidptosis in LUAD, termed disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs (DRLs), remains insufficiently explored. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LUAD dataset, we implemented ten machine learning techniques, resulting in 101 distinct model configurations. To assess the predictive accuracy of our model, we employed both the concordance index (C-index) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. For a deeper understanding of the underlying biological pathways, we referred to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) for functional enrichment analysis. Moreover, we explored differences in the tumor microenvironment between high-risk and low-risk patient cohorts. Additionally, we thoroughly assessed the prognostic value of the DRLs signatures in predicting treatment outcomes. The Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis demonstrated a significant difference in overall survival (OS) between the high-risk and low-risk cohorts (p < 0.001). The prognostic model showed robust performance, with an area under the ROC curve exceeding 0.75 at one year and maintaining a value above 0.72 in the two and three-year follow-ups. Further research identified variations in tumor mutational burden (TMB) and differential responses to immunotherapies and chemotherapies. Our validation, using three GEO datasets (GSE31210, GSE30219, and GSE50081), revealed that the C-index exceeded 0.67 for GSE31210 and GSE30219. Significant differences in disease-free survival (DFS) and OS were observed across all validation cohorts among different risk groups. The prognostic model offers potential as a molecular biomarker for LUAD prognosis.
Coupling and interaction mechanism between green urbanization and tourism competitiveness based an empirical study in the Yellow River Basin of China
Authors: Shen Wei , Chen Yanli , Cao Weiwei , Yu Ruyi , Cheng Jinlong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExploring the spatial coupling relationship and interaction mechanism between green urbanization (GU) and tourism competitiveness (TC) is of great significance for promoting urban sustainable development. However, the lack of research on the interaction mechanism between GU and TC limits the formulation of effective environmental management policy and urban planning. Taking 734 counties in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) as the study area, this paper analyzes the spatial coupling relationship between GU and TC on the basis of comprehensive evaluation of GU and TC. Then, the interactive mechanism between GU and TC is systematically discussed, and the synergistic development strategy of the two is proposed. The results show that the GU level presents a multicore circle structure, with provincial capitals, prefecture-level urban districts and economically developed counties in east-central regions as high-value centers. The TC at county scale presents a multi-center spatial structure. Additionally, there is a significant positive spatial coupling between GU and TC in the YRB. The analysis further reveals that green urbanization level, social progress, population development, infrastructure construction, economic development quality, and eco-environmental protection has a observably influence on TC. Tourism competitiveness, service competitiveness, location competitiveness, resource competitiveness, market competitiveness, environmental influence, and talent competitiveness has a observably influence on GU. TC can promote GU, and the improvement of green urbanization level can support the development of tourism competitiveness. According to the spatial zoning method, 734 counties are divided into 6 categories, and the coordinated development strategy of GU and TC for each type of district is proposed.
Fronto-thalamic networks and the left ventral thalamic nuclei play a key role in aphasia after thalamic stroke
Authors: Rangus Ida , Rios Ana Sofia , Horn Andreas , Fritsch Merve , Khalil Ahmed , Villringer Kersten , Udke Birgit , Ihrke Manuela , Grittner Ulrike , Galinovic Ivana , Al-Fatly Bassam , Endres Matthias , Kufner Anna , Nolte Christian H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThalamic aphasia results from focal thalamic lesions that cause dysfunction of remote but functionally connected cortical areas due to language network perturbation. However, specific local and network-level neural substrates of thalamic aphasia remain incompletely understood. Using lesion symptom mapping, we demonstrate that lesions in the left ventrolateral and ventral anterior thalamic nucleus are most strongly associated with aphasia in general and with impaired semantic and phonemic fluency and complex comprehension in particular. Lesion network mapping (using a normative connectome based on fMRI data from 1000 healthy individuals) reveals a Thalamic aphasia network encompassing widespread left-hemispheric cerebral connections, with Broca’s area showing the strongest associations, followed by the superior and middle frontal gyri, precentral and paracingulate gyri, and globus pallidus. Our results imply the critical involvement of the left ventrolateral and left ventral anterior thalamic nuclei in engaging left frontal cortical areas, especially Broca’s area, during language processing.
The Science of Ice Cream
Authors: Clarke Chris , Cox Andrew 
Published: June 2024

Ice cream as we recognize it today has been in existence for at least 300 years, though its origins probably go much further back in time. Before the development of refrigeration, ice cream was a luxury reserved for special occasions but its advance to commercial manufacture was helped by the first ice cream making machine patented by Nancy Johnson in Philadelphia in the 1840s.
The third edition of The Science of Ice Cream has been fully revised and updated with new material. The book still begins with the history of ice cream, subsequent chapters looking at the link between the microscopic and macroscopic properties and how these relate to the ultimate texture of the product you eat. A new chapter on non-dairy ice cream has been added and the book is completed with some suggestions for experiments relating to ice cream and how to make it at home or in a school laboratory.
The book has authenticity and immediacy, with a new co-author who is an active industrial practitioner, and is ideal for undergraduate food science students as well as those working in the food industry. It is also accessible to the general reader with a basic knowledge of science and provides teachers with ideas for using ice cream to illustrate scientific principles.
Uncertainty‐aware nuclear power turbine vibration fault diagnosis method integrating machine learning and heuristic algorithm
Authors: Zhong Ruirui , Feng Yixiong , Li Puyan , Wu Xuanyu , Guo Ao , Zhang Ansi , Li Chuanjiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNuclear power turbine fault diagnosis is an important issue in the field of nuclear power safety. The numerous state parameters in the operation and maintenance of nuclear power turbines are collected, forming a complex high‐dimensional feature space. These high‐dimensional feature spaces contain redundant information, which increases the training cost and reduces the recognition accuracy and efficiency of the fault diagnosis model. To address the aforementioned challenges, a vibration fault diagnosis algorithm in nuclear power turbines is proposed. First, a long short‐term memory‐based denoising autoencoder (LDAE) is designed to enhance the capability of uncertainty awareness. Then, a feature extraction method integrating variational mode decomposition (VMD), L‐cliffs‐based effective mode selection, and sample entropy is devised to extract the latent features from the complex high‐dimensional feature space. Furthermore, using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) as the classifier, LDAE‐VMD‐XGBoost model is constructed for fault diagnosis of nuclear power turbines. Considering the impact of multiple hyperparameters of LDAE‐VMD‐XGBoost model on the performance, the pathfinder algorithm is used to optimise the model hyperparameter settings and improve the fault diagnosis accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed improved LDAE‐VMD‐XGBoost in accurate nuclear power turbine vibration fault diagnosis.
Asymmetric bipartite consensus for multi‐agent systems with strong‐privacy‐preserving
Authors: Fang Fan , Yang Hongyong , Liu Fei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn multi‐agent systems (MASs), not only do agents engage in cooperative relationships, but they also compete with one another. The topic of collaborative group in MASs has garnered significant attention. Due to the possibility of explicit interaction among agents, the complete sharing of known information among nodes presents a risk of privacy leakage. Therefore, this article explores the problem of asymmetric bipartite consensus control for MASs with strong‐privacy‐preserving. A novel state decomposition privacy‐preserving algorithm is proposed to achieve asymmetric bipartite consensus of MASs. This algorithm can ensure that the initial and final states of each agent will not be compromised, via a preservation coefficient designed in proposed algorithm. By employing algebraic graph theory and automatic control theory, a thorough analysis of the algorithmic performance is conducted. It is demonstrated that our algorithm can preserve the privacy of all agents in MASs while achieving asymmetric bipartite consensus, i.e. the consensus values are different in sign and modulus. Finally, the effectiveness of the main results is validated through simulation examples.
𝒫𝒯 and anti-𝒫𝒯 symmetries for astrophysical waves
Authors: Leclerc Armand , Laibe Guillaume , Perez Nicolas 
Published: June 2024

Context. Discrete symmetries have found numerous applications in photonics and quantum mechanics, but remain little studied in fluid mechanics, particularly in astrophysics.
Aims. We aim to show how 𝒫𝒯 and anti-𝒫𝒯 symmetries determine the behaviour of linear perturbations in a wide class of astrophysical problems. They set the location of ‘exceptional points’ in the parameter space and the associated transitions to instability, and are associated with the conservation of quadratic quantities that can be determined explicitly.
Methods. We study several classical local problems: the gravitational instability of isothermal spheres and thin discs, the Schwarzschild instability, the Rayleigh-Bénard instability and acoustic waves in dust–gas mixtures. We calculate the locations and the order of the exceptional points using the resultant of two univariate polynomials, as well as the conserved quantities in the different regions of the parameter space using Krein theory.
Results. All problems studied here exhibit discrete symmetries, even though Hermiticity is broken by different physical processes (self-gravity, buoyancy, diffusion, and drag). This analysis provides genuine explanations for certain instabilities, and for the existence of regions in the parameter space where waves do not propagate. Those two aspects correspond to regions where 𝒫𝒯 and anti-𝒫𝒯 symmetries are broken respectively. Not all instabilities are associated to symmetry breaking (e.g. the Rayleigh-Benard instability).
JWST study of the DG Tau B disk-wind candidate
Authors: Delabrosse V. , Dougados C. , Cabrit S. , Tabone B. , Tychoniec L. , Ray T. , Podio L. , McClure M. 
Published: June 2024

Context. The origin of outflows and their impact on protoplanetary disk evolution and planet-formation processes are still crucial open questions. DG Tau B is a Class I protostar associated with a structured disk and a rotating conical CO outflow and was recently identified by ALMA as one of the best CO disk wind candidate. It is therefore a perfect target for studying these questions.
Aims. We aim to map and study any outflow component intermediate between the axial jet and the CO outflow in order to constrain the origin (irradiated or shocked disk wind or swept-up material) of the redshifted molecular outflows in DG Tau B.
Methods. We analyzed observations obtained with James Webb Space Telescope NIRSpec-IFU and NIRCam, supplemented with IFU data from the SINFONI/VLT instrument. We investigated the morphology, kinematics, and excitation conditions of the ro-vibrational H2 emission lines and their relation with the atomic jet and CO outflow. We focus our analysis on the redshifted outflow lobe.
Results. We observe a global layered structure of the redshifted outflows in DG Tau B, with the atomic jet inside the H2 cavity, which in turn is nested inside the CO conical outflow. We also find temperature, velocity, and collimation to be increasing towards the axis of the flow. The redshifted H2 emission traces a narrow conical cavity (semi-opening angle of 9.4°) that is wider than the axial jet but nested just inside the CO outflow. Both the jet and the H2 cavity originate from the innermost regions of the disk (r0 < 6 au). The redshifted H2 cavity flows with a constant vertical velocity of Vz = 22.5 ± 0.8 km s−1, twice faster than the conical CO flow. The excitation conditions imply a hot H2 gas (Tex ≃ 2200 K) with an average mass flux of Ṁ(H2) = 3 × 10−11 M⊙ yr−1, which is significantly lower than the jet and CO values.
Conclusions. The global layered H2-CO structure in temperature, velocity, and collimation in the DG Tau B redshifted lobe is consistent with a magneto-hydrodynamic disk wind scenario. The hot H2 could trace the inner, dense photodissociation layer in the wind. An H2 launching region at disk radii of 0.2−0.4 au combined with a large ejection efficiency (ξ ≃ 1) would account for the mass flux and kinematics. Alternatively, the near-IR ro-vibrational H2 could be emitted in the interaction layer driven by successive jet bow shocks into an outer disk wind or envelope. Further constraints on both scenarios will be obtained from the analysis of MIRI observations.
Gravitational lensing by an ellipsoidal Navarro–Frenk–White dark-matter halo: An analytic solution and its properties
Authors: Heyrovský David , Karamazov Michal 
Published: June 2024

Context. The analysis of gravitational lensing by galaxies and galaxy clusters typically relies on ellipsoidal lens models to describe the deflection of light by the involved dark-matter halos. These models are most often based on the isothermal density profile – not an optimal description of the halo, but easy to use because it leads to an analytic deflection-angle formula.
Aims. Dark-matter halos are better described by the Navarro–Frenk–White (hereafter NFW) density profile. We set out to study lensing by a general triaxial ellipsoidal NFW halo, with the aim of providing an analytic model that would be more consistent with the current understanding of dark-matter halos.
Methods. We computed the conversion between the properties of a triaxial ellipsoidal lens model and its elliptical surface-density profile. In the case of the NFW lens model, its angular scale is defined by the projected scale semi-major axis of the halo, while its lensing regime depends on two parameters: the projected eccentricity e and the convergence parameter κs. We employed the Bourassa & Kantowski formalism to compute the complex scattering function of the model, which yields the deflection-angle components when separated into its real and imaginary parts.
Results. We present the obtained closed-form expressions for the deflection-angle components, valid for an arbitrary eccentricity of the surface-density profile. We use them to compute and describe the lensing properties of the model, including: the shear, its components, and the phase; the critical curves, caustics, and the parameter-space mapping of their different geometries; the deformations and orientations of images.
Conclusions. The analytically solved ellipsoidal NFW lens model is available for implementation in gravitational lensing software. The techniques introduced here such as the image-plane analysis can prove to be useful for understanding the properties of other lens models as well.