bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain Management in Patients with Head and Neck Carcinoma
Authors: Ghei Aditi , Khot Sharmila 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Pain is one of the feared effects of advancing cancer and can affect a vast majority of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. HNC's have a devastating impact on patient's lives as both disease and treatment can affect the ability to speak, swallow and breathe due to involvement of the aerodigestive tract. The etiology of pain in this subgroup of patients could be as a result of direct tumor progression, nerve root compression or as a result of the treatment modalities including surgery radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Pain experienced could be nociceptive or neuropathic. A thorough initial and ongoing assessment of the patient is essential for diagnosis and planning the treatment bearing in mind its modification during treatment. Treatment involves a comprehensive approach which is centred around systematic pharmacotherapy, and supplemented by a range of therapeutic interventions and physical and behavioral approaches. In this article we discuss the incidence, etiology, assessment and treatment of this challenging problem using current modalities.
Management of Head and Neck Cancer: Surgical and Nonsurgical
Authors: Pradhan Sultan , Hakeem Arsheed Hussain 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIt is right time to review the management of head and neck squamous cancer (HNSC) because of fundamental changes in both diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Head and neck cancer affects area highly associated with the individual's.identity and can produce profound alteration in appearance, speech, and swallowing. Due to morbidity, disfigurement and problems of disease control clinicians used to have lot of reservations in treating complex HNSC cases. The field has taken a new vigor by incorporating important basic advances in understanding of cancer, new modalities of treatment and management of functional deficits. Although much progress has been made in understanding the molecular genetics of HNSC for novel diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, they are still far to go before becoming standard of care for head and neck cancer.
Low Birth Weight and First Week Neonatal Mortality in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Khatun Sabera , Hossain Fawzia , Chowdhury Afroza 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The incidence of low birth weight babies and the perinatal morbidity and mortality is inter-related. An understanding of the risk factors can help us to reduce their incidence and studying their management and outcome could help us to evolve optimal management strategies. The aim of the study was to find out the incidence of low birth weight and first week neonatal mortality rate.

Methods
The gestational age of the babies were determined and a comparison of the prenatal mortality ratio was done among vaginal and cesarean deliveries. During the study period all the patients irrespective of their gestational age admitted for delivery were recruited for the prospective analysis. Their gestational age, mode of delivery, birth weight and outcome were collected in a preformed data-sheet.

Results
During the study period there were 2689 deliveries at BSMMU and among them 301 were low birth weight (LBW), rest were normal birth weight babies. Forty-eight from low birth weight and seven from normal birth weight babies died within first-week of delivery. The LBW babies were grouped in to three groups according to their birth weight, 1-1.5 kg = group one, 1.6-2 kg = group two, 2.1- 2.4 kg = group three. It was found that 70% babies of group I, 40% of group II and 17% of group III were in the gestational age of 28-34 weeks. On the other hand 30% babies of group I, 60% of group II and 83% of group III were in the gestational age of 35-40 weeks. 79.36% of group I, 6.67% of group II and 0.63% of group III died within 7 days of birth.

Conclusion
Significant difference (p value < 0.001) was observed in first-week neonatal mortality among normal and low birth weight babies. Therefore, it can be concluded that birth weight and gestational age is an important determining factor for early neonatal death.
The Use of Phage Display in Neurobiology
Authors: Bradbury Andrew R.M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPhage display has been extensively used to study protein‐protein interactions, receptor‐ and antibody‐binding sites, and immune responses, to modify protein properties, and to select antibodies against a wide range of different antigens. In the format most often used, a polypeptide is displayed on the surface of a filamentous phage by genetic fusion to one of the coat proteins, creating a chimeric coat protein, and coupling phenotype (the protein) to genotype (the gene within). As the gene encoding the chimeric coat protein is packaged within the phage, selection of the phage on the basis of the binding properties of the polypeptide displayed on the surface simultaneously results in the isolation of the gene encoding the polypeptide. This unit describes the background to the technique, and illustrates how it has been applied to a number of different problems, each of which has its neurobiological counterparts. Although this overview concentrates on the use of filamentous phage, which is the most popular platform, other systems are also described. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 51:5.12.1‐5.12.27. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Efficient Delivery of Antibody Into Living Cells Using Hemagglutinating Virus of Japan (HVJ) Envelope
Authors: Kondo Yoshitaka , Miyata Keizo , Kato Fuminori 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis unit describes a novel method for antibody delivery into living cells using HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan) envelope, an inactivated Sendai virus particle. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 89:2.16.1‐2.16.12. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Molecular Analysis of Genetic Markers for Non‐Hodgkin Lymphomas
Authors: Sholl Lynette M. , Longtine Janina 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMolecular analysis complements the clinical and histopathologic tools used to diagnose and subclassify hematologic malignancies. The presence of clonal antigen‐receptor gene rearrangements can help to confirm the diagnosis of a B or T cell lymphoma and can serve as a fingerprint of that neoplasm to be used in identifying concurrent disease at disparate sites or recurrence at future time points. Certain lymphoid malignancies harbor a characteristic chromosomal translocation, a finding that may have significant implications for an individual's prognosis or response to therapy. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is typically used to detect antigen‐receptor gene rearrangements as well as specific translocations that can be supplemented by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and karyotype analysis. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 65:10.14.1‐10.14.25 © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comprehensive High‐Throughput Arrays for Relative Methylation (CHARM)
Authors: Ladd‐Acosta Christine , J. Aryee Martin , Ordway Jared M. , Feinberg Andrew P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDNA methylation (DNAm) is a term used to describe the heritable covalent addition of a methyl group to cytosines at CpG dinucleotides in mammals. While methods for examining DNAm status at specific loci have existed for several years, recent technological advances have begun to enable the examination of DNAm across the genome. In this unit, we describe comprehensive high‐throughput arrays for relative methylation (CHARM), a highly sensitive and specific approach to measure DNA methylation across the genome. This method makes no assumptions about where functionally important DNAm occurs, i.e., CpG island or promoter regions, and includes lower‐CpG‐density regions of the genome. In addition, it uses a novel genome‐weighted smoothing algorithm to correct for CpG density and fragment biases present in methyl‐enrichment or methyl‐depletion DNA‐fractionation methods. It can be applied to studying epigenomic changes in DNAm for normal and diseased samples. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 65:20.0.1‐20.0.19. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Microstructural Characterization of Lamellar Features in TiAl by FIB Imaging
Authors: Peter Dennis , Eggeler Gunther , Wagner Martin Franz‐Xaver 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA novel experimental procedure is introduced to determine phase fractions and the distribution of individual phases of TiAl‐based two‐phase alloys using the focused ion beam (FIB) technique. Two γ‐titanium aluminide alloys with a fine‐grained duplex and a nearly lamellar microstructure are examined. The special FIB‐based preparation procedure results in high contrast ion beam‐induced images for all investigated alloys and allows to quantify the phase contents easily by automated microstructural analysis. Fine two‐phase structures, e.g. lamellar colonies in γ‐TiAl, can be imaged in high resolution with respect to different phases. To validate the FIB‐derived data, we compare them to results obtained with another method to determine phase fractions, electron back‐scatter diffraction (EBSD). This direct comparison shows that the FIB‐based technique generally provides slightly higher α2‐fractions, and thus helps to overcome the limited lateral resolution near grain boundaries and interfaces associated with the conventional EBSD approach. Our study demonstrates that the FIB‐based technique is a simple, fast, and more exact way to determine high resolution microstructural characteristics with respect to different phase constitutions in two‐phase TiAl alloys and other such materials with fine, lamellar microstructures.
P3HT/PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: Impact of Blend Composition and 3D Morphology on Device Performance
Authors: van Bavel Svetlana S. , Bärenklau Maik , de With Gijsbertus , Hoppe Harald , Loos Joachim 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe performance of polymer solar cells (PSC) strongly depends on the 3D morphological organization of the donor and acceptor compounds within the bulk heterojunction active layer. The technique of electron tomography is a powerful tool for studying 3D morphology of the layers composed of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and a fullerene derivative ([6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester; PCBM), especially to quantify the amount and distribution of fibrillar P3HT nanocrystals throughout the volume of the active layer. In this study, electron tomography is used to characterize P3HT/PCBM layers with different blend compositions, both before and after thermal annealing. The power conversion efficiency of the corresponding PSCs is strongly dependent on the overall crystallinity of P3HT and the way P3HT crystals are distributed throughout the thickness of the active layer.
Highly Emissive and Electrochemically Stable Thienylene Vinylene Oligomers and Copolymers: An Unusual Effect of Alkylsulfanyl Substituents
Authors: Jeeva Shehzad , Lukoyanova Olena , Fox Athan , Dadvand Afshin , Rosei Federico , Perepichka Dmitrii F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe synthesis, unexpected efficient photoluminescence, and reversible electrochemical p‐ and n‐doping of new conjugated thienylene vinylene materials functionalized with alkylsulfanyl substituents poly(trithienylene vinylene) (PTTV) and poly(dithienylvinyl‐co‐benzothiadiazole) (PDTVB) along with dithienylvinylene‐based oligomers is reported. The materials are studied by thermal and X‐ray diffraction analysis, optical spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and spectroelectrochemistry. Organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) are fabricated with PTTV and PDTVB. The polymers, prepared by Stille polycondensation, exhibit good thermal stability and a photoluminescent quantum yield in the range 34%–68%. Low bandgaps (1.5–1.8 eV), estimated by optical and electrochemical measurements along with high stability of both redox states, suggest that these structures are promising materials for photovoltaic applications. OFETs fabricated with PDTVB reveal a hole mobility of 7 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 with on/off ratio 105, which are comparatively high values for completely amorphous polymer semiconductors.
A Mutant D‐Fructose‐6‐Phosphate Aldolase (Ala129Ser) with Improved Affinity towards Dihydroxyacetone for the Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Compounds
Authors: Castillo José A. , Guérard‐Hélaine Christine , Gutiérrez Mariana , Garrabou Xavier , Sancelme Martine , Schürmann Melanie , Inoue Tomoyuki , Hélaine Virgil , Charmantray Franck , Gefflaut Thierry , Hecquet Laurence , Joglar Jesús , Clapés Pere , Sprenger Georg A. , Lemaire Marielle 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA mutant of D‐fructose‐6‐phosphate aldolase (FSA) of Escherichia coli, FSA A129S, with improved catalytic efficiency towards dihydroxyacetone (DHA), the donor substrate in aldol addition reactions, was explored for synthetic applications. The kcat/KM value for DHA was 17‐fold higher with FSA A129S than that with FSA wild type (FSA wt). On the other hand, for hydroxyacetone as donor substrate FSA A129S was found to be 3.5‐fold less efficient than FSA wt. Furthermore, FSA A129S also accepted glycolaldehyde (GA) as donor substrate with 3.3‐fold lower affinity than FSA wt. This differential selectivity of both FSA wt and FSA A129S for GA makes them complementary biocatalysts allowing a control over donor and acceptor roles, which is particularly useful in carboligation multi‐step cascade synthesis of polyhydroxylated complex compounds. Production of the mutant protein was also improved for its convenient use in synthesis. Several carbohydrates and nitrocyclitols were efficiently prepared, demonstrating the versatile potential of FSA A129S as biocatalyst in organic synthesis.
An Efficient Domino Synthesis of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones via an SNAr/Coupling/Demesylation Reaction Catalyzed by Copper(I) as Key Step
Authors: Chen Dingben , Bao Weiliang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn efficient copper‐catalyzed method for the synthesis of quinoxalin‐2(1 H)‐ones derivatives via domino SNAr/coupling/demesylation reaction of N‐(2‐halophenyl)methylsulfonamides with 2‐halo amides has been developed. Various quinoxalinones with diversity at three positions on their scaffold have been obained, and the method is valuable for the construction of this kind of molecules with biological and pharmaceutical activities.
Highly Efficient Asymmetric Three‐Component Vinylogous Mannich Reaction Catalyzed by a Chiral Scandium(III)‐ N,N′‐Dioxide Complex
Authors: Zhang Qi , Hui Yonghai , Zhou Xin , Lin Lili , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe asymmetric three‐component vinylogous Mannich reaction of an acyclic silyl dienol ester, an aldehyde and 2‐aminophenol was accomplished using a chiral N,N′‐dioxide‐scandium(III) complex as the catalyst. A variety of aldehydes were found to be suitable substrates for the reaction and the desired δ‐amino‐α,β‐unsaturated esters were obtained in 90–99% yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee) and complete regioselectivities. Moreover, the simple experimental procedures were air‐tolerant and convenient. The present catalytic process provides the potential for large‐scale syntheses of the chiral δ‐amino‐α,β‐unsaturated esters.
Ferrocenyl‐Aryl Based trans‐Chelating Diphosphine Ligands: Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Application in Enantioselective Hydrogenation
Authors: Schuecker Raffael , Mereiter Kurt , Spindler Felix , Weissensteiner Walter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPotentially trans‐chelating diphosphine ligands based on a ferrocenyl‐aryl backbone were synthesised in a four‐step sequence and the molecular structures in the solid state of two representatives were determined by X‐ray diffraction. High throughput screening of these ligands in rhodium‐, ruthenium‐ and iridium‐mediated hydrogenations of a variety of alkenes and ketones revealed that these ligands can deliver high enantioselectivity for alkenes (up to 98% ee) but are less selective when ketones are used as the substrates. The coordination behaviour of one ligand in its square planar palladium and platinum dichloride complexes was studied by 31P NMR and only trans‐chelated complexes, together with oligomeric by‐products, were observed. Reaction with the (p‐cymene)ruthenium dichloride dimer, [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2, resulted in a mixture of diastereomeric complexes.
Efficient and General Synthesis of 3‐Aminoindolines and 3‐Aminoindoles via Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling Reaction
Authors: Chernyak Dmitri , Chernyak Natalia , Gevorgyan Vladimir 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn efficient three‐component coupling (TCC) reaction toward a variety of 3‐aminoindoline and 3‐aminoindole derivatives has been developed. This cascade transformation proceeds via the copper‐catalyzed coupling reaction between 2‐aminobenzaldehyde, a secondary amine, and an alkyne leading to a propargylamine intermediate which, under the reaction conditions, undergoes cyclization into the indoline core. The latter, upon treatment with a base, smoothly isomerizes into the indole. Alternatively, the indole can directly be synthesized in a one‐pot sequential reaction.
Intangible effort and performance: the case of the French wine industry
Authors: Amadieu Paul , Viviani Jean‐Laurent 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study investigates to what extent intangible investments have a positive impact on French wine companies' financial performance. French wine companies are small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), so the task is (a) to measure their intangible expenses and capital, and (b) to estimate their impact on companies' performances. The authors then analyze the effect of property structures (cooperatives and corporations) and business activities on the intensity of the relationship between intangibility and performance.Relationships between intangibles and performance were tested empirically by means of a questionnaire carried out in 2005–2006. Questionnaire data were completed using financial statements for 207 companies whose activity included one or more stages in the production and marketing of wine.Using MANOVA and the production function approach, the authors found evidence that intangible proxies had a negative impact on the firms' economic performance measurements and a positive impact on commercial performance for intermediate values of intangible ratios. They also found that production functions were very different with regard to legal status and business activity, but that the negative impact of intangible proxies remained. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of ZDHHC8 polymorphisms with smooth pursuit eye movement abnormality
Authors: Shin Hyoung Doo , Park Byung Lae , Bae Joon Seol , Park Tae Joon , Chun Ji Yong , Park Chul Soo , Sohn Jin‐Wook , Kim Bong‐Jo , Kang Yeo‐Hwa , Kim Jae Won , Kim Ki‐Hoon , Shin Tae‐Min , Woo Sung‐Il 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe zinc finger DHHC domain‐containing protein 8 (ZDHHC8) is located in the 22q11 microdeletion region and may contribute to the behavioral deficit associated with 22q11 deletion syndrome. Although polymorphisms of ZDHHC8 have been reported to be associated with the risk of schizophrenia, those associations are still controversial. This study was performed to validate the genetic association of ZDHHC8 polymorphisms with the risk of schizophrenia, and also to scrutinize the association with smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) abnormality in a Korean population. Five SNPs of ZDHHC8 were genotyped by TaqMan assay. Their genetic effects on the risk of schizophrenia were analyzed in 354 patients and 396 controls using allele‐based χ2 analyses. Association of ZDHHC8 polymorphisms with SPEM abnormality among 166 schizophrenic patients were analyzed using multiple regressions. No ZDHHC8 polymorphisms were found to be associated with the risk of schizophrenia. However, four SNPs and one haplotype (ht4) were strongly associated with the risk of SPEM abnormality even after multiple correction (P = 0.00005–0.0007, Pcorr = 0.0001–0.002). The results of the present study provide the first evidence that ZDHHC8 on the 22q11 locus might have influence on SPEM function of schizophrenia patients in a Korean population and may provide a new clue for understanding differential effects of candidate genes in schizophrenia. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apoptosis‐inducing factor deficiency sensitizes dopaminergic neurons to parkinsonian neurotoxins
Authors: Perier Celine , Bové Jordi , Dehay Benjamin , Jackson‐Lewis Vernice , Rabinovitch Peter S. , Przedborski Serge , Vila Miquel 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveMitochondrial complex I deficits have long been associated with Parkinson disease (PD). However, it remains unknown whether such defects represent a primary event in dopaminergic neurodegeneration.MethodsApoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial protein that, independently of its proapoptotic properties, plays an essential physiologic role in maintaining a fully functional complex I. We used AIF‐deficient harlequin (Hq) mice, which exhibit structural deficits in assembled complex I, to determine whether primary complex I defects linked to AIF depletion may cause dopaminergic neurodegeneration.ResultsDespite marked reductions in mitochondrial complex I protein levels, Hq mice did not display apparent alterations in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system. However, these animals were much more susceptible to exogenous parkinsonian complex I inhibitors, such as 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Subtoxic doses of MPTP, unable to cause damage to wild‐type animals, produced marked nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in Hq mice. This effect was associated with exacerbated complex I inhibition and increased production of mitochondrial‐derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Hq brain mitochondria. The antioxidant superoxide dismutase‐mimetic compound tempol was able to reverse the increased susceptibility of Hq mice to MPTP. Supporting an instrumental role for mitochondrial‐derived ROS in PD‐related neurodegeneration, transgenic mice overexpressing mitochondrially targeted catalase exhibited an attenuation of MPTP‐induced mitochondrial ROS and dopaminergic cell death.InterpretationStructural complex I alterations linked to AIF deficiency do not cause dopaminergic neurodegeneration but increase the susceptibility of dopaminergic neurons to exogenous parkinsonian neurotoxins, reinforcing the concept that genetic and environmental factors may interact in a common molecular pathway to trigger PD. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:184–192
Effect of organoclays on the properties of polyurethane/clay nanocomposite coatings
Authors: Jin Hua , Wie Jeong Jae , Kim Sung Chul 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLinear, one‐binding‐site or two‐binding‐site (N+) organifiers with two hydroxyl end groups were synthesized, and novel organoclays were prepared through a cation‐exchange reaction between pristine sodium montmorillonite and the synthesized organifiers. After sonication of the as‐prepared organoclay in N,N′‐dimethylformamide for 10 min, the average size of the clay decreased to about 1 μm. The X‐ray diffraction patterns confirmed that the d‐spacing of the silicate layers of the organoclay expanded from 1.1 to about 1.9 nm and the peak intensity decreased with the molecular weight of the organifier increasing. Polyurethane/clay nanocomposites were synthesized by a one‐shot polymerization method. Both intercalated and exfoliated structures of the layered silicates in the polyurethane matrix were observed from transmission electron microscopy micrographs, and the d‐spacing ranged from 4 to 10 nm. The thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite were enhanced by the introduction of the organoclay into the polyurethane matrix. An approximately 40–46°C increase in the onset decomposition temperature, a 200% increase in the tensile strength with a 0.5 wt % clay loading, and a 49% increase in Young's modulus with a 3 wt % clay loading were achieved. The effects of the molecular weight and the number of binding sites of the organifier on the properties of the nanocomposites were also evaluated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010