bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital Sternoclavicular Sinus—Case Series of a Rare Lower Neck Deformity
Authors: Huang Yan , Xu Mimi , Sheng Xiaoli , Gong Xixiang , Zhang Bei , Huang Shuling , Chen Liangsi 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesWe encountered patients with a congenital cutaneous sinus tract in the sternoclavicular joint region, which we designate as “congenital sternoclavicular sinus (CSCS).” The aim of this investigation is to enhance recognition of this subtle yet noteworthy entity and develop standardized protocols for its management.Patients and MethodsBetween 2013 and 2023, 172 patients, including 78 males and 94 females, were referred to our institution for the management of CSCS. Clinical charts were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThe majority of patients (60.5%) were young children below 3 years of age, with only six adult patients and a median age of 27.5 months. The left side was implicated in 157 cases (91.3%). In 146 cases (84.9%), a faint skin streak was noted above the orifice. Yet, no pharyngeal sinus tracts were detected, either through barium swallow studies or direct laryngoscopy. All skin lesions featured a diminutive orifice near the sternoclavicular joint, with the tract extending deeply into the subcutaneous tissue and terminating blindly, short of entering the joint, after a distance of 10 mm (ranging from 5 to 21 mm). Histopathological analysis revealed that the epithelial lining predominantly consisted of stratified squamous epithelium (87.8%), with ciliated columnar epithelium accounting for the remaining 12.2%.ConclusionsCSCS, though infrequent, presents with distinctive pathological and clinical features. The condition predominantly affects the left sternoclavicular joint region, with the notable “skin streak sign” aiding in diagnosis. We considered CSCS as one disease entity of branchial arch anomalies. Complete surgical excision offers a definitive cure.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:4402–4408, 2024
Value‐Added Processing of Food Legumes Using Extrusion Technology: A Review
Authors: Faliarizao Natoavina , Berrios Jose De J. , Dolan Kirk D. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTExtrusion processing of legumes has gained increased commercial significance in recent years. Food legumes or pulses are a rich source of protein, total dietary fiber, starch, minerals, selected vitamins, and other bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity. The relatively higher protein and lower carbohydrate contents than cereal grains make legumes a healthy choice for developing new food products. While legumes are a staple in many developing countries, their consumption remains to be very low in most of the developed countries. Developing legume‐based ready‐to‐use ingredients and ready‐to‐eat products can potentially increase legume consumption, especially in developed countries. In addition to traditional legume processing methods, extrusion cooking offers a cost‐effective option to manufacture legume‐based products and ingredients. In recent years, increased concerns by consumers about environmental sustainability and food security have resulted in promoting plant‐based proteins as meat substitutes and meat analogs, which are primarily produced by extrusion or wet/dry extraction. In this regard, extrusion is more sustainable and environment‐friendly processing technology due to its process efficiency and minimal effluents. Legumes processed by extrusion cooking have wide applications in a variety of food products, for example, flour mixes and doughs, snack items, baked foods, meat alternatives, meat extenders, gluten‐free products, and nutraceuticals. Furthermore, extrusion process improves the digestibility and functional properties, and lowers or eliminates the antinutrients found in most legumes. This comprehensive review article discusses extrusion processing technology/systems, legumes extrusion, and nutritional quality, functional properties, food safety, and consumer acceptance of extruded legume products.
Optical Parametric Amplification in Crossed Fabry‐Perot Cavities
Authors: Sun Meizhi , Xie Xinglong , Zhu Jianqiang , Liang Xiao , Tu Xiaoniu , Zhang Xiaoqi , Huang Dajie , Zhu Ping , Guo Ailin , Xiong Huai , Li Linjun , Wei Hui , Wang Xiaochao , Yang Qingwei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOptical parametric amplification (OPA) is a promising method of producing extremely intense light. A new OPA scheme with comprehensively high performance is urgently required for future development. In this study, an amplification scheme known as crossed‐Fabry‐Perot‐cavity OPA (XOPA) is proposed. It is based on the principle of periodic idler elimination, which prevents energy back‐conversion among the three coupling waves, resulting in a monotonically increasing overall conversion efficiency. Using a signal at 808 nm and a pump at 532 nm, a chirped pulse XOPA is experimentally demonstrated with a conversion efficiency of 56.28% and a gain bandwidth of 120 nm. The measured pulse duration after compression is 19.2 fs, which is comparable to the Fourier‐transform‐limited 16.8 fs. Further investigations revealed several advantages. Stable pulse shaping in spatial, temporal, and frequency domains is realized by a spatiotemporally modulated pump. Pulse contrast adjustability on the front edge of the signal is verified in the XOPA of different Fabry‐Perot cavity lengths. These results indicate astringency and precise regulation of output in nonlinear processes. Considering numerous crystals suitable for noncollinear configurations from the near‐infrared to mid‐infrared regions, XOPA has a universal potential application in laser systems with extreme intensity, few‐cycle duration, and internal confinement fusion drivers.
Multi‐Dimensional Meta‐Holography Encrypted by Orbital Angular Momentum, Frequency, and Polarization
Authors: Zhu Lei , Wei Jinxu , Dong Liang , Shang Guanyu , Guan Chunsheng , Burokur Shah Nawaz , Ding Xumin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetasurface holographic encryption, as an emerging and highly promising technique, presents the advantages of multi‐dimension and high security and consequently provides a flexible and convenient platform for information encryption. Recent years have witnessed rapid progress in meta‐holographic encryption through the utilization of different dimensions of electromagnetic (EM) waves, yet enhancing the capacity and security of encrypted information remains an endless goal. In this context, the concept of three physical dimensions encrypted metasurface holography is proposed in which orbital angular momentum (OAM) is fully synergized with frequency and polarization state. The mechanism relies on the simultaneous control of these dimensions and arbitrarily overlaying them in each operation channel, thereby acting as a multi‐dimensional key to realize information encryption and decryption. As a proof‐of‐concept experiment, a three‐physical dimension encrypted meta‐hologram is designed that conceals four real images as encrypted information in 32 information channels. Remarkably, a specific OAM order, frequency, and polarization state is required to decrypt the designed meta‐hologram. This work opens a new avenue for multi‐dimensional encrypted holography, which has broad application prospects for information security and data storage in the era of big data.
Biallelic Variants of MRPS36 Cause a New Form of Leigh Syndrome
Authors: Galosi Serena , Mancini Cecilia , Commone Anna , Calligari Paolo , Caputo Viviana , Nardecchia Francesca , Carducci Claudia , van den Heuvel Lambertus P. , Pizzi Simone , Bruselles Alessandro , Niceta Marcello , Martinelli Simone , Rodenburg Richard J. , Tartaglia Marco , Leuzzi Vincenzo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe MRPS36 gene encodes a recently identified component of the 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), a key enzyme of the Krebs cycle catalyzing the oxidative decarboxylation of 2‐oxoglutarate to succinyl‐CoA. Defective OGDHC activity causes a clinically variable metabolic disorder characterized by global developmental delay, severe neurological impairment, liver failure, and early‐onset lactic acidosis.MethodsWe investigated the molecular cause underlying Leigh syndrome with bilateral striatal necrosis in two siblings through exome sequencing. Functional studies included measurement of the OGDHC enzymatic activity and MRPS36 mRNA levels in fibroblasts, assessment of protein stability in transfected cells, and structural analysis. A literature review was performed to define the etiological and phenotypic spectrum of OGDHC deficiency.ResultsIn the two affected brothers, exome sequencing identified a homozygous nonsense variant (c.283G>T, p.Glu95*) of MRPS36. The variant did not affect transcript processing and stability, nor protein levels, but resulted in a shorter protein lacking nine residues that contribute to the structural and functional organization of the OGDHC complex. OGDHC enzymatic activity was significantly reduced.The review of previously reported cases of OGDHC deficiency supports the association of this enzymatic defect with Leigh phenotypic spectrum and early‐onset movement disorder. Slightly elevated plasma levels of glutamate and glutamine were observed in our and literature patients with OGDHC defect.ConclusionsOur findings point to MRPS36 as a new disease gene implicated in Leigh syndrome. The slight elevation of plasma levels of glutamate and glutamine observed in patients with OGDHC deficiency represents a candidate metabolic signature of this neurometabolic disorder. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Genetic Determined Iron Starvation Signature in Friedreich's Ataxia
Authors: Grander Manuel , Haschka David , Indelicato Elisabetta , Kremser Christian , Amprosi Matthias , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Henninger Benjamin , Stefani Ambra , Högl Birgit , Fischer Christine , Seifert Markus , Kiechl Stefan , Weiss Günter , Boesch Sylvia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEarly studies in cellular models suggested an iron accumulation in Friedreich's ataxia (FA), yet findings from patients are lacking.ObjectivesThe objective is to characterize systemic iron metabolism, body iron storages, and intracellular iron regulation in FA patients.MethodsIn FA patients and matched healthy controls, we assessed serum iron parameters, regulatory hormones as well as the expression of regulatory proteins and iron distribution in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We applied magnetic resonance imaging with R2*‐relaxometry to quantify iron storages in the liver, spleen, and pancreas. Across all evaluations, we assessed the influence of the genetic severity as expressed by the length of the shorter GAA‐expansion (GAA1).ResultsWe recruited 40 FA patients (19 women). Compared to controls, FA patients displayed lower serum iron and transferrin saturation. Serum ferritin, hepcidin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume in FA inversely correlated with the GAA1‐repeat length, indicating iron deficiency and restricted availability for erythropoiesis with increasing genetic severity. R2*‐relaxometry revealed a reduction of splenic and hepatic iron stores in FA. Liver and spleen R2* values inversely correlated with the GAA1‐repeat length. FA PBMCs displayed downregulation of ferritin and upregulation of transferrin receptor and divalent metal transporter‐1 mRNA, particularly in patients with >500 GAA1‐repeats. In FA PBMCs, intracellular iron was not increased, but shifted toward mitochondria.ConclusionsWe provide evidence for a previously unrecognized iron starvation signature at systemic and cellular levels in FA patients, which is related to the underlying genetic severity. These findings challenge the use of systemic iron lowering therapies in FA. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Bilanz Lanxess 2023: Aromastoffe bis Flammschutzmittel
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDer Kölner Konzern Lanxess setzte im Jahr 2023 weniger um als im Jahr zuvor und führt dies vor allem auf weniger verkaufte Mengen zurück. Er will sich effizienter aufstellen.
Iupac Global Women‘s Breakfast: Vielfalt als Schlüssel zum Erfolg
Authors: Pecher Lisa , Straube Axel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUm mehr über Vielfalt in der Wissenschaft zu erfahren und Erfahrungen auszutauschen, trafen sich 85 Personen in den Büros von Wiley‐VCH in Berlin und Weinheim sowie online.
New Materials for Colloidal Nanochemistry/Trendbericht Physikalische Chemie 2024 (2/3)
Authors: Boldt Klaus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZeitversetzte Laserpulse auf Moleküle verraten, wie photochemische Prozesse ablaufen – dabei sind konische Durchschneidungen entscheidend. Die kolloidale Nanochemie hat neue Materialklassen erschlossen, wie Nickelboride und frühe Übergangsmetalloxid‐Katalysatoren, sowie Synthesen zu photolumineszenten III–V‐Halbleitern verbessert. Mit maschinellem Lernen lassen sich am Rechner Proteine nicht mehr nur falten, sondern solche entwerfen, die nicht mit natürlichen Proteinen verwandt sind.
Test performance and clinical utility of expanded non‐invasive prenatal test: Experience on 71,883 unselected routine cases from one single center
Authors: Faieta Monica , Falcone Rossella , Duca Sara , Corsetti Elena , Giannico Riccardo , Gigante Laura , Diano Laura , Calugi Graziella , Spinella Francesca , Pizzuti Francesca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe balance between benefits and risks of discordant outcomes makes the Genome‐Wide Non‐Invasive Prenatal Test (GW‐NIPT) controversial. This study aims to evaluate performance and clinical utility in a wide cohort of unselected clinical cases from a single center when a standardized protocol is applied and integrated with a secondary algorithm for data interpretation.MethodIn 2 years, over 70,000 pregnant patients underwent GW‐NIPT for fetal common trisomies, sex chromosome aneuploidies, rare autosomal aneuploidies, segmental abnormalities (CNVs ≥ 7 Mb) and microdeletions (CNVs < 7 Mb). All samples were uniformly processed with Veriseq NIPT Solution v2 and analyzed using all data metrics along with a home‐made algorithm for sequencing data analysis. Results were retrospectively reviewed for clinical outcomes.ResultsAmong 71,883 eligible cases including twin pregnancies, 1011 (1.4%) received a positive result and 781 were confirmed by invasive prenatal diagnosis. Clinical sensitivity ranged from 99.65% for common trisomy (T21, T18, T13) to 83.33% for microdeletions, while specificity remained high (99.98%) for each class of fetal abnormalities detected.ConclusionsIntegrating a standardized protocol with an internal algorithm allowed discordant results to be reduced, yielding high accuracy. Observed reliability in detecting genome‐wide chromosomal conditions reinforced the expanded NIPT utility in clinical practice.
Validation of new medication use algorithms as proxies for worsening disease activity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Saito Kyoko , Gabbeta Avinash , Mulvihill Evan , Al‐Jaberi Lina , Beukelman Timothy , Lewis James D. , Rose Carlos D. , Strom Brian L. , Horton Daniel B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo facilitate claims‐based research on populations with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), we sought to validate an algorithm of new medication use as a proxy for worsening JIA disease activity.MethodsUsing electronic health record data from three pediatric centers, we defined new JIA medication use as (re)initiation of disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs or glucocorticoids (oral or intra‐articular). Data were collected from 201 randomly selected subjects with (101) or without (100) new medication use. We assessed the positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) based on a reference standard of documented worsening of JIA disease activity. The algorithm was refined to optimize test characteristics.ResultsOverall, the medication‐based algorithm had suboptimal performance in representing worsening JIA disease activity (PPV 69.3%, NPV 77.1%). However, algorithm performance improved for definitions specifying longer times after JIA diagnosis (≥1‐year post‐diagnosis: PPV 82.9%, NPV 80.0%) or after initiation of prior JIA treatment (≥1‐year post‐treatment: PPV 89.7%, NPV 80.0%).ConclusionAn algorithm for new JIA medication use appears to be a reasonable proxy for worsening JIA disease activity, particularly when specifying new use ≥1 year since initiating a prior JIA medication. This algorithm will be valuable for conducting research on JIA populations within administrative claims databases.
Imitating the “breeder's eye”: Predicting grain yield from measurements of non‐yield traits
Authors: Jin Hongyu , Tross Michael C. , Tan Ruijuan , Newton Linsey , Mural Ravi V. , Yang Jinliang , Thompson Addie M. , Schnable James C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlant breeding relies on information gathered from field trials to select promising new crop varieties for release to farmers and to develop genomic prediction models that can enhance the efficiency of genetic improvement in future breeding cycles. However, generating the genetic marker data required to apply genomic prediction at the early stages of a breeding program remains costly for many public‐sector breeding programs as well as for many plant breeders operating in developing countries. As the pace of climate change intensifies, the time lag of developing and deploying new crop varieties requires plant breeders to make selection decisions without knowing the future environments those crop varieties will encounter in farmers’ fields. Therefore, both lower cost and higher accuracy methods for prediction of crop performance are essential for creating and maintaining resilient agricultural systems in the latter half of the 21st century. To address this challenge, we conducted linked yield trials of 752 public maize (Zea mays) genotypes in two distinct environments. We developed and trained a phenotypic prediction model to predict yield from manually scored plant traits. The phenotypic prediction approach we employed outperformed genomic prediction in predicting yields in a second environment, with 8.7%–63% higher R2 and 4%–13% less root mean square error than the genomic prediction. The phenotypic prediction has the potential to be applied to a wider range of breeding programs, including those that lack the resources to genotype large populations, such as programs in the developing world, breeding programs for specialty crops, and public sector programs.
Dynamically driven correlations in elastic net models reveal sequence of events and causality in proteins
Authors: Erkip Albert , Erman Burak 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn explicit analytic solution is given for the Langevin equation applied to the Gaussian Network Model of a protein subjected to both a random and a deterministic periodic force. Synchronous and asynchronous components of time correlation functions are derived and an expression for phase differences in the time correlations of residue pairs is obtained. The synchronous component enables the determination of dynamic communities within the protein structure. The asynchronous component reveals causality, where the time correlation function between residues i and j differs depending on whether i is observed before j or vice versa, resulting in directional information flow. Driver and driven residues in the allosteric process of cyclophilin A and human NAD‐dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase are determined by a perturbation‐scanning technique. Factors affecting phase differences between fluctuations of residues, such as network topology, connectivity, and residue centrality, are identified. Within the constraints of the isotropic Gaussian Network Model, our results show that asynchronicity increases with viscosity and distance between residues, decreases with increasing connectivity, and decreases with increasing levels of eigenvector centrality.
7‐Hydroxyflavone improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by acting on STK24
Authors: Qi Xinyi , Zhang Yurou , Liao Qichao , Xiao Yang , Jiang Tianyu , Liu Siqi , Zhou Lei , Li Yixing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe escalating incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with a high‐fat diet, leading to a decline in quality of life and significant health impairment. 7‐Hydroxyflavone (7‐HY) is a flavonoid known for its anti‐inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant effects. This study aims to assess the ameliorative effects of 7‐HY on NAFLD induced by a high‐fat diet and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Oleic acid/palmitic acid‐induced HepG2 cells and C57BL/6 mice on a high‐fat diet were utilized as in vitro and in vivo models. In animal experiments, 7‐HY was utilized as a dietary supplement. The 15‐week in vivo experiment monitored body weight, body fat percentage, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and metabolic indexes. Commercial kits assessed triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol levels in cells, liver tissue, and blood. Discovery Studio identified potential targets of 7‐HY, compared with NAFLD‐associated targets in the GeneCards database. Results indicated 7‐HY mitigated fat accumulation, hepatic steatosis, and oxidative stress induced by a high‐fat diet. Furthermore, 7‐HY showed potential efficacy in ameliorating abnormal glucose metabolism and promoting energy metabolism. Reverse target finding and molecular docking demonstrated a robust interaction between 7‐HY and serine/threonine kinase 24 (STK24). Subsequent experimental results confirmed 7‐HY's ability to inhibit TG deposition in HepG2 cells through interaction with STK24. In conclusion, 7‐HY demonstrated the capacity to alleviate high‐fat diet‐induced NAFLD, presenting a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Quantum Parallel Training of a Boltzmann Machine on an Adiabatic Quantum Computer
Authors: Noè Davide , Rocutto Lorenzo , Moro Lorenzo , Prati Enrico 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite the anticipated speed‐up of quantum computing, the achievement of a measurable advantage remains subject to ongoing debate. Adiabatic Quantum Computers (AQCs) are quantum devices designed to solve quadratic uncostrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems, but their intrinsic thermal noise can be leveraged to train computationally demanding machine learning algorithms such as the Boltzmann Machine (BM). Despite an asymptotic advantage is expected only for large networks, a limited quantum speed up can be already achieved on a small BM is shown, by exploiting parallel adiabatic computation. This approach exhibits a 8.6‐fold improvement in wall time on the Bars and Stripes dataset when compared to a parallelized classical Gibbs sampling method, which has never been outperformed before by quantum approaches.