bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of remote sensing data and GIS tools for and use sustainability analysis: case study in El-Hammam area, Egypt
Authors: Mahmoud Ali , Shendi Mahmoud , Pradhan Biswajeet , Attia Fatma 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The North-Western Coast of Egypt (NWCE) represents one of the high priority regions for future development in the country. El-Hammam area is located in the NWCE with an area of 94752 acres and is one of the main challenging regions for sustaianble development. In this study, we have used remote sensing and soil data in combination with GIS tools, for land use sustainable analysis (SLU) in El-Hammam area. The SLU was established based on various factors such as: land capability and suitability, water resources availability, economic return from water and financial return from land and water. A physiographic soil map for the study area was prepared using remote sensing and GIS. Multiple field surveys were carried out for collecting information on various soil map units (SMUs) and their profiles. Laboratory analysis for the collected samples was performed, and then the soil properties were stored as attributes in a geographical soil database linked with the SMUs. Furthermore, land capability assessment was done to define the suitable areas for agricultural production using a capability model built in ALES software. Results indicate that the area currently lacks high capability and moderate capability classes. By improving the soil properties, the soil can attain potential capability; and 55630 acres will become marginally capable. The assessment of soil physical suitability for different land use types (LUTs) were analysed in ALES software, in order to generate the most suitable areas. The results from the land suitability analysis indicated that, 17114 acres are moderately suitable for wheat and sorghum; whereas 15823 acres are moderately suitable for barley and 12752 acres are moderately suitable for maize, olive and figs. Finally, the SLU was investigated based on two scenarios; (1) the most SLU under the conditions of shortage of irrigation water: clover, barley and sorghum against figs, as the irrigation requirements for barley and sorghum are low; (2) the most sustainable land use in the conditions of irrigation availability will be wheat and maize against figs and guava. From the results it is quite evident that GIS combined with modeling approaches are powerful tools for decision making in the study area.
The influence of climate on gravitational processes within the Jiu river valley: G.I.S. applications
Authors: Sandu Boengiu , Sorin Avram , Alina Vladut 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The dynamics of gravitational processes (e.g. landslides) is altered due to variation in climatic parameters. We have recorded an increasing number of such events which affect human settlements. The most important aspect that has to be emphasized is the way gravitational processes change and condition land utilization. Due to these circumstances, the analysis of these processes has great importance within the middle sector of the Jiu Valley. In order to correlate the occurrence of gravitational processes with climatic data, we have been collecting data within this valley sector during the last 15 years. The aim of this study is to describe the succession and dynamics of present processes, which should act as an alarm signal for local authorities to take adequate mitigating measures. We observe an increase in the mean annual temperature and the mean amplitude (by approximately 1†C), in addition to the frequency and severity of dry years (1992, 2000), and the frequency of rain showers. We correlate these data with knowledge of the lithology, morphometry, and piezometric levels in order to identify areas with a high potential for gravitational processes using a Geographical Information System (G.I.S.). This analysis allows us to draw a map rendering each layer separately — lithology, pedology, slope, vegetation etc. We present a map that emphasizes the areas with high potential for the development of gravitational processes in the region of the Jiu valley.
First attempt to combine terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (10Be) and Schmidt hammer relative-age dating: Strauchon Glacier, Southern Alps, New Zealand
Authors: Winkler Stefan 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
This study provides the first attempt to combine terrestrial (in situ) cosmogenic nuclide (10Be) surface exposure dating with Schmidt hammer relative-age dating for the age estimation of Holocene moraines at Strauchon Glacier, Southern Alps, New Zealand. Numerous Schmidt hammer tests enable a multi-ridged lateral moraine system to be related to three late-Holocene ‘Little Ice Age’-type events. On the basis of cosmogenic 10Be ages, those events are dated to c. 2400, 1700, and 1100 years ago. Linear age-calibration curves are constructed in order to relate Schmidt hammer R-values to cosmogenic 10Be ages. The high explanation yielded reveals the causal link between both data sets. The potential of combining both methods in a ‘’multiproxy approach’ is discussed alongside possible future improvements. Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating delivers absolute ages needed as fixed points for Schmidt hammer age-calibration curves. The Schmidt hammer technique can be used to crosscheck the boulder surfaces chosen for surface exposure dating by terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides. It should, therefore, reduce the number of samples necessary and costs.
January snow accumulation in the St. Lawrence Valley (1961-1990)
Authors: Toupin Jerry 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Located in Eastern Canada, the St. Lawrence Valley (between Montreal and Quebec City; ±350 km) is known as one of the snowiest populated valleys in the world. Usually more than 250 cm of snow falls every winter. Snowstorms are frequent, as more than 10 major snowstorms are registered every year [1] interfering greatly with human activities. Numerical analyses (univariate analysis, discriminant analysis and stepwise multiple regression) for the 1961-1990 period on total snow depth for the month of January reveals three winter-regional climates along this valley: A-) the southern part of Montreal; slightly warmer with less snow and less rainfall, B-) the area around Quebec City; colder with more snow and C-) an intermediate corridor in-between those two cities. Two major variables were identified as responsible for explaining these three winter regional climates: maximum temperature and rainfall.
The Transformation of Labour and Employment in Post-Industrial Society
Authors: Rodionova Irina , Sholudko Aleksandr 
Published: August 2009

The Transformation of Labour and Employment in Post-Industrial Society
The article is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of labour and employment in post-industrial society. Allocation shifts in industrial production have become characteristic features of the world economy. The structure of employment has also transformed in new conditions of world development.
The Changes in the Functional Urban Region in the New Socio-Economic Conditions in Poland. The Case of Toruń
Authors: Hołowiecka Beata , Szymańska Daniela 
Published: August 2009

The Changes in the Functional Urban Region in the New Socio-Economic Conditions in Poland. The Case of ToruńThis article attempts to determine the general tendency of changes of functioning of urban regions in the new socio-economic conditions in Poland. The functional connections resulted from an intensively and relatively permanent flow of population, which functions as foundation of identification of the urban region in that study. The paper presents the results of empirical examinations of the functional urban region of Toruń conducted in 70s, 80s, and presently. On that basis explation is presented on how the transformation of the economic system with all consequences influenced on the modification of developed and relatively stable city-surroundings relations. Additionally the article is aimed at recognizing the new determinants of urban regions development in Polish conditions.
Mortality and Longevity in the Central and East Europe - Changes in Years 1990-2005
Authors: Górecka Stanisława 
Published: August 2009

Mortality and Longevity in the Central and East Europe - Changes in Years 1990-2005
Political and socioeconomic transformation has significantly influenced demographic processes in Central and East Europe. This was mainly noticeable in behaviours and attitudes concerning forming and developing of families. With regard to the aforementioned behaviours, the populations of analysed countries have adopted to new conditions very quickly, and the demographic parameters have reached values that were almost identical as those in West Europe. The situation developed completely differently in the case of mortality and life expectancy. Differences between Central and East Europe, and West European countries, which were already visible at the beginning of 1990's, have been eliminated considerably slower. Even though, one can observe favourable transformations in life expectancy and the distribution of death causes in the Central and Eastern European countries. Those changes are especially apparent in countries which became members of the European Union in 2004.
The Radegast Station Holocaust Monument - Its History, Contemporary Function and Perception in the Eyes of Tourists and Lodz Inhabitants
Authors: Cudny Waldemar 
Published: August 2009

The Radegast Station Holocaust Monument - Its History, Contemporary Function and Perception in the Eyes of Tourists and Lodz Inhabitants
The article presents the problems of the Lodz Ghetto organized by the Germans during World War II and the role of the ghetto railway station - called Radegast Station. The author also describes the contemporary function of the station, paying particular attention to the initiative of the local authorities, which led to building a monument within its premises, commemorating the Holocaust of the Lodz Jewish population. Following that, the author presents the results of a survey conducted in the monument area in 2007, which allowed the local authorities' activity and its indirect influence on the image of Lodz to be assessed.
Population Movement and Changes in Population in European Countries - Present State and Perspectives
Authors: Długosz Zbigniew , Raźniak Piotr 
Published: August 2009

Population Movement and Changes in Population in European Countries - Present State and PerspectivesThis paper aims at presenting the direction of changes and perspectives in populations and the movement of the population of Europe (as broadly defined) against the backdrop of the situation on other continents, as well as highlighting the internal diversity in terms of the realties of the current political divisions in Europe.
Foreign Migration of Poles in Scientific Research at the Turn of Century
Authors: Heffner Krystian , Solga Brygida 
Published: August 2009

Foreign Migration of Poles in Scientific Research at the Turn of CenturyThe article deals with problems related to present foreign migrations of Poles. The attention is concentrated on presenting scientific research results in this sphere indicating many problems caused by migrations not only in the social, demographic and economic spheres but also in political and cultural spheres thus enabling scientists to understand better this complex and multidimensional phenomenon.
Population Transformations in Traditional Economic Regions of Central Europe. Structural Approach
Authors: Runge Jerzy 
Published: August 2009

Population Transformations in Traditional Economic Regions of Central Europe. Structural ApproachThe subject of the Author's interest are traditional social-economic regions of Central Europe, i.e. the Katowice and Rybnik conurbations in Poland, and the Ostrava-Karvina agglomeration in the Czech Republic. Despite their similar origin - connected mainly with the exploitation of mineral resources, coal in particular - the directions of transformations in these regions have hitherto run differently in different time periods. The aim of this paper is an attempt to show differences in spatial development of population, mainly in relation: centre of a settlement system and its surroundings. The use of archival statistical materials made it possible to study these transformations from the beginning of the 19th century until now.
The Eastern and the Western Cuiavia - One Region, Two Development Lines
Authors: Szymańska Daniela , Biegańska Jadwiga 
Published: August 2009

The Eastern and the Western Cuiavia - One Region, Two Development LinesCuiavia is one of the oldest historical regions in Poland characterized by diverse physical and geographical conditions, as well as different administrative and historical past. The aim of this paper is to present the impact of historical and administrative divisions, as well as diverse socio-economic and political transformations that in a significant way influenced the diversity of social and economical features of Eastern and Western Cuiavia. Against such a background different development directions will be discussed.
Germany - Two Demographically Different States?
Authors: Szymańska Daniela , Środa-Murawska Stefania , Biegańska Jadwiga 
Published: August 2009

Germany - Two Demographically Different States?The paper is an attempt of an answer how belonging to different political, economical and cultural structures has influenced diverse population processes and structures and their spatial diversity. As an example to the research of these phenomena there was chosen Germany that until 1990 were two separated socio-political and economical formations (the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Federal Republic of Germany FRG). This state, with a population number about 82 millions presently, as it turns out - besides passage of time - is characterized all the time by some diversity of procreation behaviors, population processes and structures in the Eastern (Ost) and the Western part (West) of Germany. It is claimed, the structures are going to some similarities, but the 15 years period (1990-2005) was too short to level all stated demographical differences and trends (1).
Human Resources of Lithuania: On the Question of the Fate of the Nation
Authors: Vaitekūnas Stasys 
Published: August 2009

Human Resources of Lithuania: On the Question of the Fate of the Nation
The mutual dependence of human resources and the development of the state has been one of the most important geopolitical questions discussed from the times of Ancient Greece. The article analyses the growth of the population and human resources of Lithuania, their change and influence on the state's development, the possible consequences of the decline of the population on international policies and the state's geopolitical situation. Reflecting the changes in the number of inhabitants and their structure five possible scenarios of the state's development in the future are constructed: 1) a small, but economically strong national state; 2) more pensioners than grandchildren; 3) a multinational and multicultural state; 4) the end of the national state (?); 5) a strong economic and cultural state.
Polish Towns and the Changes in Their Areas and Population Densities
Authors: Szymańska Daniela , Grzelak-Kostulska Elżbieta , Hołowiecka Beata 
Published: August 2009

Polish Towns and the Changes in Their Areas and Population DensitiesThis article presents the spatial and population density changes in Polish towns in the years 1960-2003. The assumed time frame allowed identifying area changes for a complete set of towns in different socio-economic conditions: the period of intense industrialisation, the economic crisis of the 1980s, the period of economic transition and finally in the years of a market economy. The investigation revealed that the trend shown by changes and the size of a town as measured by the number of its population are distinctly interrelated. It also demonstrated a much stronger dynamics of changes in the first subperiod, i.e. years 1960--1985, followed by a phase of relative stabilization (compared with the previous period) after the year 1980 (mainly of the spatial changes). Moreover, change intensity and change trends observed for the urban areas and population densities vary considerably in terms of space.
Evaluation of Conditions Concerning the Development of Tourism. Investigation into the Basin of the Parsęta River
Authors: Domin Dominik , Kwiatkowski Grzegorz , Szymańska Daniela 
Published: August 2009

Evaluation of Conditions Concerning the Development of Tourism. Investigation into the Basin of the Parsęta River
The article presents the results of multidimensional evaluation of conditions concerning the development of tourism in rural areas of Parsęta basin. For the purpose the synthetic measure has been applied in reference to 27 variables divided into two groups: suitable for tourism or investing.Having conducted the analysis of the selected variables, the investigated area was divided into three regions: the seaside at the North with very good conditions for the development of the touristic function as its core function, the central region, highly diversified with only moderate touristic capabilities, and finally the southern region, the lake district, with adequate features for the development of tourism.
Entrepreneurship of Inhabitants vs. Economic Activity of Large and Medium Enterprises in Rural Areas of Selected Historical Regions of Poland
Authors: Dej Magdalena , Trzepacz Piotr 
Published: August 2009

Entrepreneurship of Inhabitants vs. Economic Activity of Large and Medium Enterprises in Rural Areas of Selected Historical Regions of PolandIn the past historical periods, each particular region of Poland was developing -- in a sense -- as separate organism; some of them were achieving a relative rise in the economic hierarchy, whereas some other were plunging in backwardness. These disparities have remained very distinctive until today, especially between the rural areas of different parts of the country. The aim of this paper is to determine diversifications of economic development level in four selected regions of Poland (Little Poland -- pol. Małopolska, West Pomerania, Lower Silesia and the Lublin Region), measured as the localisation range and characteristics of big and medium enterprises in rural areas. Another objective was to observe the relation between localisation and characteristics of those enterprises and the general initiative of local inhabitants. The analyses carried out for this paper have served to create a typology of communes, depending on the number of workplaces in big and medium enterprises in this areas, as well as the general initiative of inhabitants, which then enabled the assessment of economic disparities between rural areas of selected Polish regions.
Refugees in Poland: Selected Issues in Research
Authors: Gałka Jadwiga 
Published: August 2009

Refugees in Poland: Selected Issues in Research
Since the beginning of the 1990s, there has been a steadily growing influx of foreign refugees in Poland. Poland's ratification of the Geneva Convention in 1991 and the New York Protocol in 1991 made it necessary to create a properly functioning refugee protection system in the country. The purpose of this work is to describe the dynamics of refugee influx in Poland from 1992 to 2007 as well as to analyze whether existing forms of legal stay are functioning properly in Poland. Furthermore, the work attempts to delve into key issues associated with the social integration of refugees in Poland.
Crop Water Supply and its Relation to Yield of Spring Wheat in the South of Russian Plain
Authors: Shumova Nadezhda 
Published: August 2009

Crop Water Supply and its Relation to Yield of Spring Wheat in the South of Russian PlainThe proposed method to estimate water supply of spring wheat crop is based on the ratio of the water amount extracted by plants under actual conditions of growth (transpiration) to cover needs for maximum (potential) yield (potential transpiration). Estimates of spatial, inter- and intra-annual water supply variability of the spring wheat crop in basic agricultural zones are given. Dependence of the spring wheat yield on water supply is presented.
Low Flow in Selected Streams of Slovakia
Authors: Demeterová Beata , Škoda Peter 
Published: August 2009

Malá Vodnosť Vybraných Vodných Tokov SlovenskaV predloženom článku hodnotíme hydrologické pozorovania na vybraných slovenských vodných tokoch za 75-ročné obdobie z hľadiska malej vodnosti. Hodnotíme charakteristiky: trvanie malej vodnosti a nedostatkový objem pre prahovú hodnotu prietokuQ90 (90% zabezpečenosti prietoku). Určili sme frekvenciu výskytu, zákon rozdelenia maximálnych nedostatkových objemov a maximálneho trvania malej vodnosti. Analyzovali sme charakteristiky pre najvýznamnejšie zaznamenané udalosti malej vodnosti - historické suchá v celom období pozorovania. Postup sme aplikovali na hydrologický rok a pre vybrané charakteristiky aj na letnú a zimnú sezónu.
Analytical Solution for Transient Hydraulic Head, Flow Rate and Volumetric Exchange in an Aquifer Under Recharge Condition
Authors: Bansal Rajeev , Das Samir 
Published: August 2009

Analytical Solution for Transient Hydraulic Head, Flow Rate and Volumetric Exchange in an Aquifer Under Recharge ConditionThis paper presents closed form solution for unsteady flow equation corresponding to the transient hydraulic head, flow rate and volumetric exchange of a confined aquifer which is in contact with a constant piezometric head at one end and a stream whose water level is rising at a constant rate at the other end. The aquifer is also subjected to receive constant inflow due to rain infiltration. The unsteady groundwater flow equation is solved using Laplace transform to get analytical expressions for the transient hydraulic head and flow rate at the left and right interfaces and the net volumetric exchange of water at the aquifer-stream interface. The analytical results presented here show the effect of recharge due to rain infiltration on the net volumetric exchange and reveal the conditions for which net inflow in the aquifer could be positive, negative or zero. The results obtained have the capability to determine transient hydraulic head for two extreme scenarios: (i) very slow rise and (ii) very fast rise in the stream water. Analytical result show that the net volumetric exchange could be positive, zero or negative depending on the surface infiltration and stream water rise rate.
Runoff changes in areas differing in land-use in the blanice river basin - application of the deterministic model
Authors: Jeníček Michal 
Published: August 2009

Runoff changes in areas differing in land-use in the blanice river basin - application of the deterministic modelThe aim of this article is to present partial results of more extensive research which is focused on using different methods for runoff computation in areas differing in land use. With the help of the deterministic lumped model HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrologic Modelling System) several simulations of r noff changes by different basin conditions were carried out. The Blanice River basin in the Šumava Mts. was chosen as an experimental catchment in its closure profile in Podedvory (gauge station, area 209.6 km2). For assessment of land cover changes impact on hydrological regime four scenarios were carried out - 10, 20, 50 and 100-year 1-day probability precipitation in combination with different initial conditions (soil saturation). These scenarios were applied to the stage of the land cover in the year 1992 and 2000 (based on the CORINE Landcover database). The method SCS CN (Soil Conservation Service Curve Number) was applied as the main model technique.