bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of Males of Ptychoderes brevis and Ptychoderes jekeli, with a Cladistical Reanalysis of Ptychoderes (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)
Authors: Mermudes Jose Ricardo M , Mattos Ingrid 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
A recent study of the material housed in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris, France) provided new information to describe and illustrate the males of Ptychoderes brevis Jordan and Ptychoderes jekeli Mermudes & Napp (Coleoptera; Anthribidae). These males were previously unknown, and their characters had never been studied by the cladistical method. A reanalysis of the genus was carried out, which included 50 characters and 24 taxa (seven as outgroup). The resulting single most-parsimonious cladogram corroborates previous hypotheses of the relationships among the genera of Ptychoderini and groups of Ptychoderes species. The male of P. brevis is characterized by; rostrum 1.5× longer than wide across base; sides not swollen between scrobe and eye; scrobe with a deep narrow extension and a deep distal pit; antennae elongated, reaching middle of elytra; ventrite I swollen, with moderately developed setiferous sex patch, closer to apical margin, clothed with dense yellow pilosity; and ventrite V with lateroapical projections not acuminate. The male of P. jekeli has rostrum slightly longer than wide across base; sides not swollen and the extension shallow; antennae exceeding apical elytron by segment XI; ventrite I with well developed setiferous sex patch, closer to apical margin and with olive green pilosity; and ventrite V strongly impressed, with lateroapical angles not projected and somewhat expanded. The relationship between P. brevis and P. jekeli was confirmed, and this group belongs to the P. crustatus+, corroborating the most basal lineage by the vestiture of the sides of prosternum with a vitta of the same color as the dorsal vestiture, and elytra transversely impressed behind the basal gibbosities.
Worldwide Diaspora of Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), a Nest Parasite of Honey Bees
Authors: Lounsberry Zachary , Spiewok Sebastian , Pernal Stephen F , Sonstegard Tad S , Hood W Michael , Pettis Jeffery , Neumann Peter , Evans Jay D 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Native to sub-Saharan Africa, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) is now an invasive pest of honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colonies in Australia and North America. Knowledge about the introduction (s) of this beetle from Africa into and among the current ranges will elucidate pest populations and invasion pathways and contribute to knowledge of how a parasite expands in new populations. We examined genetic variation in adult beetle samples from the United States, Australia, Canada, and Africa by sequencing a 912-base pair region of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene and screening 10 informative microsatellite loci. One Canadian introduction of small hive beetles can be traced to Australia, whereas the second introduction seems to have come from the United States. Beetles now resident in Australia were of a different African origin than were beetles in North America. North American beetles did not show covariance between two mitochondrial haplotypes and their microsatellite frequencies, suggesting that these beetles have a shared source despite having initial genetic structure within their introduced range. Excellent dispersal of beetles, aided in some cases by migratory beekeeping and the bee trade, seems to lead to panmixis in the introduced populations as well as in Africa.
Biphase metamorphism within the Jurassic-early Cretaceous series from the Djedeida range (northeastern Tunisia)
Authors: Rekhiss Farhat , Mguidich Selma , Oualiet Jamel , Turki Mohamed Moncef 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Situated in the northern Tunisian “Diapir and dome zone” (Tunisian Atlas), the Djedeida hills consist of a south-dipping monoclinal series globally trending E-W. This pelitic-carbonate series latest Jurassic (Maiana Formation) to Early Cretaceous (Hamada and Seroula Formations) in age, exhibits clear mineralogical and structural transformations related to significant changes in pressure and/or temperature conditions. Structural and microstructural analysis allowed us to characterize the metamorphic pattern, and to discuss about the geodynamical context of its occurrence connected to the regional evolution.
Deformation patterns mostly consist of two sets of ubiquitous fracture schistosities well-developped over the entire structure, as well as centimetric to metric folds systematically displayed by thin ferruginized layers. These field-observations, which are consistent with microscopic analysis, show evidences for the occurrence of two distinct deformational events successively affecting the area.
Superposition of the two fabrics led to the development of a pervasive parallelepipedic chipping in the rock mass that is particularly obvious in the pelitic unit. Layer-parallel S1 and strongly oblique S2 schistosities are respectivelly associated with chlorite and illite cristallization. Neoformations of illite into chlorite former phases occur in relation with a simple shearing, which broadly characterizes the second event with evidences such as rotated phenoblasts (quartz and pyrite), chlorite sigmoidal deformation, and mica, calcite, feldspar growth into pressure shadow.
These syn-tectonic mineralogical phases record a low-grade metamorphism evolving into the sequence from the anchizone to the epi-metamorphic facies. Based on structural and mineralogical criterions, this analysis allows us to conclude that the first event is consistent with an early stage metamorphism occurring within crustal-thinning conditions, thus likely to express the lower Mesozoic transtension which affected northern Africa as a consequence of the Te-thyan opening. The second event, suggesting a compressive context, is more probably associated to the Alpine convergence responsible for the Atlasic tectonics affecting the area at the Neogene time.
Using the Montessori Approach for a Clientele with Cognitive Impairments: A Quasi-Experimental Study Design
Authors: Giroux Dominique , Robichaud Line , Paradis Martin 
Published: June 2010

Background: The choice of activities responding to the needs of people with moderate to severe dementia is a growing concern for care providers trying to target the need for a feeling of self-accomplishment by adapting activities to the abilities of elderly patients. The activities created by Maria Montessori seem to be adaptable to this clientele. This study evaluates the short-term effects, as compared to regular activities offered in the milieu. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study where each of the 14 participants was observed and filmed in two conditions: during Montessori activities, during regular activities, and one control condition (no activity). Results: The results show that Montessori activities have a significant effect on affect and on participation in the activity. They support the hypothesis that when activities correspond to the needs and abilities of a person with dementia, these positive effects are also observed on behaviours. Conclusions: This study enabled its authors to corroborate the findings presented in the literature and to contribute additional elements on the positive effects of the use of Montessori activities and philosophy. Used with people with moderate to severe dementia these allow the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs, their well being, and hence, on their quality of life.
Effects of Acute Hypoglycemia on Inflammatory and Pro-atherothrombotic Biomarkers in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Gogitidze Joy Nino , Hedrington Maka S. , Briscoe Vanessa J. , Tate Donna B. , Ertl Andrew C. , Davis Stephen N. 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVE
Recent large randomized trials have linked adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events with hypoglycemia. However, the integrated physiological and vascular biological mechanisms occurring during hypoglycemia have not been extensively examined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether 2 h of moderate clamped hypoglycemia could decrease fibrinolytic balance and activate pro-atherothrombotic mechanisms in individuals with type 1 diabetes and healthy individuals.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Thirty-five healthy volunteers (19 male and 16 female subjects age 32 ± 2 years, BMI 26 ± 2 kg/m2, A1C 5.1 ± 0.1%) and twenty-four with type 1 diabetes (12 male and 12 female subjects age 33 ± 3 years, BMI 24 ± 2 kg/m2, A1C 7.7 ± 0.2%) were studied during either a 2-h hyperinsulinemic (9 pmol · kg−1 · min−1) euglycemic or hypoglycemic (2.9 ± 0.1 mmol/l) clamp or both protocols. Plasma glucose levels were normalized overnight in type 1 diabetic subjects prior to each study.

RESULTS
Insulin levels were similar (602 ± 44 pmol/l) in all four protocols. Glycemia was equivalent in both euglycemic protocols (5.2 ± 0.1 mmol/l), and the level of hypoglycemia was also equivalent in both type 1 diabetic subjects and healthy control subjects (2.9 ± 0.1 mmol/l). Using repeated ANOVA, it was determined that plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), E-selectin, P-selectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and adiponectin responses were all significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) during the 2 h of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia as compared with euglycemia in healthy control subjects. All measures except PAI-1 were also found to be increased during hypoglycemia compared with euglycemia in type 1 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
In summary, moderate hypoglycemia acutely increases circulating levels of PAI-1, VEGF, vascular adhesion molecules (VCAM, ICAM, E-selectin), IL-6, and markers of platelet activation (P-selectin) in individuals with type 1 diabetes and healthy individuals. We conclude that acute hypoglycemia can result in complex vascular effects including activation of prothrombotic, proinflammatory, and pro-atherogenic mechanisms in individuals with type 1 diabetes and healthy individuals.
A model for tube formation and branching in Cnidaria
Authors: Berking Stefan , Herrmann Klaus 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
When all the cells of a tube are identical, they are unlikely to control how many of them are present in the circumference. However, when the circumference is subdivided into at least two regions of different cells, the tube diameter can be controlled via the width of these regions. We present a model and computer simulations for the formation of a tube which starts as a cone-like protrusion from a flat sheet of cells. Cells can exist in two alternative states. Cells of one state need signalling from those of the other state in order to maintain their state. Hence the cells of the two states arrange in stripes. A pattern-forming system, which defines where in this field of cells a tube will start to form, causes the stripes to become small at that very site. When four stripes originate at that point, and when the angle between the two borders of the stripes (as measured from the centre of the field) is less than 90°, the tissue is forced to protrude in the form of a cone. This model may help to understand the morphogenesis proper of buds of Cnidaria and of tubes, such as that of insect legs and the neural tube of vertebrates.
Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin - A Contemporary Biomarker in Comparison with Traditional Laboratory Markers of Chronic Alcohol Abuse
Authors: Maksić Nebojša , Vodnik Tatjana , Stanković Maja , Milovanović Srđan , Radivojević Ljubiša , Obradović Ivana , Dajak Marijana , Majkić-Singh Nada 
Published: June 2010

Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin - A Contemporary Biomarker in Comparison with Traditional Laboratory Markers of Chronic Alcohol AbuseTimely identification of excessive alcohol use and its potential complications is a prerequisite for successful treatment. Several routine tests have been used in laboratories that may help in diagnosing alcoholism, such as determination of MCV, AST, ALT, GGT, but it has been shown that they lack specificity and sensitivity. Contemporary bio-markers are increasingly being used today that may due to their unique characteristics help in discovering the onset of chronic alcohol abuse, as well as in abstinence and relapse monitoring. The term carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) stands for a small group of human transferrin isoforms (asialo, monosialo, and disialotran sferrin) with a lower degree of glycosylation in comparison to the dominant transferrin isoform (tetrasialotransferrin). Persons consuming large quantities of alcohol (≥50-80 g daily) over a period of at least two weeks have increased concentrations of transferrin isoforms lacking one (disialotransferrin) or both (asialotransferrin) carbohydrate chains. In this paper the traditional markers of chronic alcohol abuse (GGT, AST, ALT, and MCV) were determined, as well as the new biomarker CDT, after which diagnostic evaluation was performed and their usability and clinical value in routine laboratory practice were estimated. These markers were also determined in heavy alcoholics on admission into hospital and after two weeks of therapy, with the aim of estimating their diagnostic value for abstinence and relapse monitoring.
Effects of Serum-Clot Contact Time on Second-Trimester Prenatal Screening Markers and their Stability in Serum
Authors: Bujišić Nada 
Published: June 2010

Effects of Serum-Clot Contact Time on Second-Trimester Prenatal Screening Markers and their Stability in SerumAlpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin and unconjugated estriol are screening markers for fetal trisomies and structural disorders of the neural tube defect type. Determination of these biochemical markers is performed in laboratories that receive samples, serum or blood, and sample preparation as well as transport conditions may affect analyte stability and test results. The effect of serum-clot contact time prior to centrifugation (30, 60, 90, 120 minutes and 24 hours) was examined for serum values of alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin and unconjugated estriol, as well as their stability in serum samples over periods of up to five days at 2-8 °C, and 30 days at -20 °C. No statistically significant difference was found for analyte values in serum obtained by centrifuging blood samples after serum-clot contact times of 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes at room temperature and 24 hours at 2-8 °C, i.e. there is a 24-hour tolerance for prolonged serum-clot contact. Alpha-fetoprotein and free estriol serum values do not show statistically significant changes over a period of 5 days at 2-8 °C. Similarly, serum freezing does not affect alpha-fetoprotein and free estriol values. As for human chorionic gonadotropin values showing statistical differences where serum is stored at both +4 °C and at -20 °C, their levels are concentration-dependent. Free estriol serum values at +4 °C over the time period of 5 days showed statistically significant differences.
Oxidative Products of Proteins and Antioxidant Potential of Thiols in Gastric Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Mukthapura Anita , Shimogga Avinash , K Vinodchandran , Shetty Beena , Rao Gayathri 
Published: June 2010

Oxidative Products of Proteins and Antioxidant Potential of Thiols in Gastric Carcinoma PatientsIt has been suggested that oxidative stress defined as a shift in antioxidant/oxidant balance towards oxidants is associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, including carcinogenesis. Reactive oxygen species can induce carcinogenesis via injury to macromolecules such as DNA, carbohydrates and proteins. Forty primary gastric carcinoma patients and 40 healthy controls were included in the study. Advanced oxidation protein products, total thiols, total protein, albumin in plasma, % hemolysis in RBC suspension and glutathione in both whole blood and plasma were estimated. Our studies demonstrated a significant increase in advanced oxidation protein products, % hemolysis (p=0.033), A:G ratio (p=0.003) and a highly significant decrease in blood glutathione (p=0.036), total thiols (p=0.001), plasma thiols other than glutathione and total antioxidant activity. The findings suggest that gastric carcinoma is associated with oxygen derived free radicals accumulation, and depletion of total antioxidant activity has lead to oxidative stress and advancement of oxidative-antioxidative disorders followed by progression of gastric cancer.
The Role and Nature of Freedom in Two Normative Theories of Democracy
Authors: Šimsa Martin 
Published: June 2010

The Role and Nature of Freedom in Two Normative Theories of Democracy
The article examines the role and the nature of freedom in two normative concepts of democracy, in the work of Hans Kelsen and of Emanuel Rádl. Both authors wrote their work on democracy between the two world wars. Kelsen formulated his concept of democracy in On the Substance and Value of Democracy (1920), a book which has clearly been influenced by the political thinking of Kant and Rousseau. Kelsen shares Rousseau's idea of general will and on this basis the principle of majority. Rádl outlines his theory of freedom and democracy in The War between the Czechs and the Germans (1928), Nationality as a Scientific Problem (1929) and On German Revolution (1933). Rádl distinguishes between three types of freedom and democracy: natural, majority and contractual. Rádl asserts that only in the third type of freedom, in which freedom is connected with responsibility and the law is freedom true. He considers the first type of freedom to be anarchical freedom, which can easily be misused. The second type of freedom is better than the first, but worse than the third. The author compares these concepts of freedom and democracy then and today and shows how they are linked to the questions of justice and solidarity at national and cosmopolitan levels.
Child Labour in Kashmiri Society: A Socio-human Rights Study
Authors: Bhat Bilal , Rather Tareak 
Published: June 2010

Child Labour in Kashmiri Society: A Socio-human Rights Study
The Constitution of India guarantees fundamental rights and the full freedom to enjoy childhood. In spite of that millions of children are being put to arduous work for short and narrow gains. By 1989, the standards concerning children were brought together in a single legal instrument agreed to by the international community. It unambiguously spelt out the rights to which every child is entitled, regardless of place of birth, descent, sex, religion, or social origin. A number of aspects, such as gender, family background, cultural acceptance, issues of health and recreation, the legal aspect and so on, have been covered. The life worlds of working children, legal protection to children from exploitation and the human rights perspective of child labour is the main focus of this article.
Education Infrastructure and Unsustainable Development in Africa
Authors: Olutayo A. 
Published: June 2010

Education Infrastructure and Unsustainable Development in AfricaRather than creating the appropriate social relations for the means of production, the perspective on development in Africa has hinged on "infrastructure for development" thus leading to underdevelopment. This is because the social relation of infrastructure for development is parasitic and thus cannot reproduce itself. What it does is to accumulate primitive capital for conspicuous consumption rather than the creation of reproductive capital. Consequently, a dependency relation with the source(s) of primitive capital accumulation is almost inevitable if the dominant group in the relationship, with its foundation in the acquisition of formal education, is to continue to subsist. Ironically, this incapacitates the subordinate group(s) as their recruitment processes are conditioned by the powerful ideological state, now global, apparatuses. The paper shows how this process works through the empirical examples of the acclaimed "success" story of Botswana and the perceived "failed" state of Nigeria.
Electromyography Assessments of the Vastus Medialis Muscle during Soccer Instep Kicking between Dynamic and Static Stretching
Authors: Amiri-Khorasani Mohammadtaghi , Osman Noor , Yusof Ashril 
Published: June 2010

Electromyography Assessments of the Vastus Medialis Muscle during Soccer Instep Kicking between Dynamic and Static Stretching
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching within a pre-exercise warm-up on vastus medialis muscle activity during instep kicking and ball velocity in soccer players. The kicking motions of dominant legs were captured from using six synchronized high-speed infra-red cameras at 200 Hz and Electromyography at 100 Hz. There was significant difference in vastus medialis activity after dynamic stretching relative to no stretching condition (0.12 ± 0.06 mV) versus static stretching relative to no stretching condition (-0.21 ± 0.10 mV) with p < 0.001). In addition, there was also a significant difference in ball velocity after dynamic stretching relative to no stretching condition (4.53 ± 2.10 m/s) versus static stretching relative to no stretching condition (-1.48 ± 2.43 m/s) with p < 0.003. We concluded that dynamic stretching during the warm-up, as compared to static stretching, is probably more effective as preparation for optimal muscle activity and finally have high ball velocity which is required in soccer.
An Assessment of Rotational Mobility of the Trunk among Teenagers with Faulty Posture
Authors: Matyja Małgorzata , Saulicz Edward , Saulicz Mariola , Kokosz Mirosław , Gnat Rafał , Kuszewski Michał , Bereszko Joanna , Gogola Anna 
Published: June 2010

An Assessment of Rotational Mobility of the Trunk among Teenagers with Faulty Posture
Body posture is determined by many factors, including central regulation connected with anti-gravitational mechanism which develops in ontogenesis. Postural disorders arise as a result of a compensatory anti-gravitational mechanism, in which the main component is reduced postural tone (volume and distribution disorders). Compensation mechanisms consist in improper alignment of particular body segments (distribution disorders) (e.g., increase or decrease of spinal curvatures, external or internal rotation of the lower limbs, valgus and varus deformity of the knees and feet). Such disorders may constitute a reason for abnormal component development, thus limiting trunk rotational mobility.
An aim of the study was to assess the range of trunk rotational mobility.
Pupils (n=123) aged 13-15 underwent the following parameter evaluations: 1. Posture according to Kasperczyk's scoring method, 2. Postural tone volume by analysis of pelvis control in the long sitting, 3. Range of trunk rotation with use of upper tension test (muscle latissimus dorsi and thoracolumbar fascia).
Positive tension test was recorded in 32 children (21 unilateral and 11 bilateral). Diversification of statistical averages of scoring for body posture, from the lowest (x=6.41) in 91 subjects with negative tension test, to the highest (x=7.72) in 11 subjects with double-sided positive result was recorded. Statistical analyzes confirmed significance of correlation between body posture's quality and trunk's rotational mobility (r=0.286 at p=0.001), as well as between volume of postural tone and range of trunk's rotational mobility. Coefficients of correlation amount to, respectively, for tension test and free sitting position r=0.187, p=0.038; and for tension test and corrected sitting position r=0.253, p=0.05. Disorders of muscle tone volume and distribution cause limitation of trunk rotational mobility development.