bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3′-Daidzein Sulfonate Sodium Protects against Glutamate-induced Neuronal
Injuries by Regulating NMDA Receptors
Authors: Feng Ruixue , Luo Li , Han Zun , Qi Yue , Xiao Hai , Huang Cheng , Peng Weijie , Liu Ruizhen , Huang Zhihua 
Published: May 2024

Background:
It was previously found that 3'-Daidzein Sulfonate Sodium (DSS) exhibits protective
effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI).

Aim:
This study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effects
of DSS against ischemic stroke.

Methods:
In this study, rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) were used as an in vivo
model, whereas PC12 cells treated with glutamate alone and rat primary cortical neurons treated with the combination
of glutamate and glycine were used as in vitro models. Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
release were used to evaluate cell injury. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Quantitative polymerase
chain reaction (qPCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining methods were used to determine
the mRNA expressions and protein levels and location.

Results:
It was found that DSS significantly suppressed the impaired viability of PC12 cells induced by glutamate.
DSS also increased cell viability while reducing the LDH release and apoptosis in primary cortical neurons
injured by glutamate and glycine. In addition, DSS decreased GluN2B subunit expression while enhancing
the expressions of GluN2A subunit and PSD95 in tMCAO rats’ brains.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that DSS protects against excitotoxic damage in neurons induced by
CI/RI through regulating the expression of NMDA receptors and PSD95. Our findings provide experimental
evidence for the potential clinical administration of DSS in ischemic stroke.
Friedel Crafts Reactions Revisited: Some Applications in Heterogeneous Catalysis#
Authors: Lachter Elizabeth R. , San Gil Rosane A.S. , Valdivieso Luis G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
Important organic reactions require the use of catalysts. The Friedel-Crafts reactions
were discovered by Charles Friedel and James Mason Crafts in 1887. They are an
essential catalytic process since they are widely applied in different areas such as fuels,
cleaning, and pharmacological products. The reaction is usually carried out in the presence
of Lewis acids or Brønsted acids in a homogeneous medium, with the nucleophilic aromatic
substrate in excess. Although there is still work in the literature on the Friedel-
Crafts reaction in a homogeneous medium using metal halides, the tendency is to replace
these catalysts, which generate effluents that are harmful to the environment. Heterogeneous
catalysts using solid acids show advantages over homogeneous catalysts, especially
concerning separating products from the reaction medium, recycling, and reusing. This
paper presents a mini-review focusing on the use of solid acids in Friedel-Crafts reactions.
Light-responsive Polymers: Developments in Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Aundhia Chintan , Parmar Ghanshyam , Talele Chitrali , kardani Sunil , Maheshwari Rajesh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
Photoresponsive polymers have emerged as innovative tools in the domain of
drug delivery, presenting advanced solutions for controlled and targeted release of therapeutic
agents. This review explores recent advances in the design and application of photoresponsive
polymers, focusing on their pivotal role in light-triggered drug delivery systems. It
also encompasses organic synthesis methodologies, key advancements in polymer design,
and the integration of photoresponsive elements into drug carriers. Moreover, this review
also focuses on the applications, challenges, and future prospects, providing a comprehensive
overview of the evolving landscape of light-responsive drug delivery technologies. The
information about the synthesis presented herein aims to contribute to the understanding
and advancement of this dynamic field, offering insights for researchers and practitioners
engaged in the development of next-generation drug delivery systems.
The Synthesis of Trans-enediones from Furan Derivatives using Pyridinium
Chlorochromate: An Explanation
Authors: D’Auria Maurizio , Langerame Fausto 
Published: May 2024

:
The reaction of pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) with furan derivatives gives
the corresponding enediones. However, the reaction of pyridinium chlorochromate with
furan to give enedione derivatives cannot be performed by using commercial PCC. XRD
and XPS analysis of the reagents coupled with DFT calculations can allow us to explain this
different behavior. Homemade and commercial PCC have different colors and show some
differences in the XRD spectrum. XPS shows the presence of a relevant amount of Cr(III) in
the homemade reagent. DFT calculations demonstrate that Cr(III) impurities in the reagent
could catalyze the reaction with furan derivatives if an oxygen atom in the Cr(III) derivative
attacks the furan ring while it is reoxidized by PCC through the migration of a chlorine
atom.
Comprehensive Analysis of Chemical Ingredients of Waiganfengsha Granule and Absorbed Components in Rat Plasma Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS
Authors: Wei Wei , Huang Liyuan , Huang Jun , Li Jinhua , Qing Yingying , Hou Xiaotao , Liu Wen 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
Waiganfengsha Granule, an over-the-counter drug, is commonly used for treating windheat
cold and sore throat in clinical settings. However, its material basis of medicinal efficacy is still unclear.
In this study, an efficient integrated analytical strategy was established for its chemical and metabolite profiles
study.

Methods:
Firstly, to avoid the possible false-positive results of structural elucidation, an in-house component
library that contains chemical constituents reported in the literature from the six individual medicines of Waiganfengsha
Granule was established. Secondary, mass data post-processing techniques, including precursor
ion list and neutral loss filtering, were applied to enhance the identification accuracy. Thirdly, for the rapid
characterization of those absorbed components after oral administration in rats, the identified chemical constituents
were used as candidate components for the serum analysis. By comparing the retention time and analyzing
mass data, the metabolites in rat plasma were identified.

Results:
As a result, 57 chemical ingredients were identified, including 21 phenolic acids, 9 alkaloids, 2
flavonoids, 5 lignins, 13 saponins, and 7 other compounds. Among these, 12 compounds were unambiguously
identified by comparison with reference standards, and 45 were tentatively characterized by analyzing their accurate
MS data, MS/MS fragmentation patterns, and also by comparison with those data reported in the literature.
Additionally, 46 metabolites were detected and identified in rat plasma.

Conclusion:
This study is beneficial for understanding the chemical composition and metabolic profiles of
Waiganfengsha Granule, and the results obtained might provide a solid basis for further studies on its functional
mechanism
Characterization of Green Synthesized Nanoparticles with Anti-diabetic Properties. A Systematic Review
Authors: Loyola-Leyva Alejandra , Hernandez-Vidales Karen , Ruiz-Garcia Jaime , Loyola-Rodriguez Juan Pablo 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Plants are used in medicine because they are low-cost, widely available,
and have few side effects (compared to pharmacological treatment). Plants have phytocompounds
with antidiabetic properties that can be delivered using nanoparticles (NPs).

Objective:
To describe the antidiabetic properties of green synthesized NPs (GSNPs) and their
characterization methods.

Methods:
Three databases were searched using the terms “type 2 diabetes mellitus,” “antidiabetic
effects,” “phytochemicals,” “plants,” and “nanoparticles.” Studies describing the antidiabetic
effects (in vitro or animal models) of NPs synthesized by plant extracts and characterizing them
through UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and DLS were included.

Results:
16 studies were included. In vitro studies reported enzyme inhibition values between
11% (H. polyrhizus) and 100% (A. concinna) for alfa-amylase and between 41.1% (M. zapota)
and 100% (A. concinna) for alfa-glucosidase. Animal studies with Wistar Albino rats having diabetes
(induced by alloxan or streptozotocin) reported improved blood glucose, triglycerides, total
cholesterol, LDL, and HDL after treatment with GSNPs. Regarding characterization, NP sizes
were measured with DLS (25-181.5 nm), SEM (52.1-91 nm), and TEM (8.7-40.6 nm). The surface
charge was analyzed with zeta potential (-30.7 to -2.9 mV). UV-Vis spectroscopy was employed
to confirm the formations of AgNPs (360-460 nm), AuNPs (524-540 nm), and ZnONPs
(300-400 nm), and FTIR was used to identify plant extract functional groups.

Conclusions:
GSNP characterization (shape, size, zeta potential, and others) is essential to know
the viability and stability, which are important to achieve health benefits for biomedical applications.
Studies reported good enzyme inhibition percentages in in vitro studies, decreasing blood
glucose levels and improving lipid profiles in animal models with diabetes. However, these studies
had limitations in the methodology and potential risk of bias, so results need careful interpretation.
Utilizing Optimized Machine Learning Techniques to Predict the Compressive Strength of Concrete through Non-Destructive Testing Methodologies
Authors: Achra Swati , Nagar Ravindra , Gupta Rajesh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Examining the concrete quality in its original location and optimizing machine
learning models for precise forecasting of concrete compressive strength(fc) is crucial. Current
research advocates the fine tuning of hyperparameters within machine learning methodologies in
tandem with non-destructive testing techniques to forecast the compressive strength of concrete.

Objective:
This study aimsto incorporate age as a crucial factor by utilizing data spanning from 3
days to 365 days. This approach enhances the study’s applicability for real-time forecasting purposes.

Methods:
In the methodology of this current research, three machine learning (ML) models—
specifically, Multi-Linear Regression (MLR), Decision Tree Regressor (DTR), and Random Forest
Regressor (RFR)—are introduced within the context of age as a significant factor influencing measurements
obtained from the Rebound Hammer (RN) and Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity (UPV). These
ML models were sequentially applied, followed by a meticulous process of hyperparameter finetuning
conducted through grid search Cross-Validation (CV). To gain insights into the predictive
results, the study also employed SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for interpretation purposes.

Results:
The results of this study reveal the development of an empirical relationship using Multi-
Linear Regression, which yielded an R2 value of 0.88. Furthermore, the evaluation showed that Random
Forest Regression outperformed other models with an R2 value of 0.95 in the training and 0.92
in the testing datasets. These models hold promise for facilitating decisions about qualitative analyses
based on UPV and Rebound Hammer measurements relative to the age of the concrete. Rigorous
validation of the models was conducted through standard cross-validation techniques.

Conclusion:
The research has created and validated hyper tunned machine learning models with the
help of grid search cross-validation function, with Random Forest Regression being the most effective.
These models can potentially guide decisions regarding qualitative analyses using UPV and
Rebound Hammer measurements concerning concrete age. They provide a valuable tool for on-site
assessments in construction and structural evaluations. The primary objective of the research is to
introduce age as a significant feature. To achieve this, data ranging from 3 days to 365 days was
integrated. This inclusion aims to enhance real-time decision-making in construction processes, facilitating
actions like the prompt removal of formwork in high-speed construction projects.
pH-Sensitive Polymers with their Important Applications (A
Review)
Authors: Madhu Chintan R. , Patel Bharat H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract::
Materials that modify their chemical or physical characteristics in reaction to
diverse stimuli, such as moisture, heat, water, or pH, are commonly known as smart materials
or stimuli-responsive polymers. Typical applications for these polymers include catalysis,
finishing, and coating processes. Tissue engineering, drug delivery, and gene
transportation are additional applications that have emerged in the past two decades. As a
result, their potential use extends to a wider range of applications, encompassing chemical
processes, drug delivery, body-site targeting, separation, membrane activity, sensing and
actuation, and agriculture. Recently, pH-responsive polymers have garnered considerable
interest for implementation in membrane and 4D printing. The current review work encompasses
previously published research through 2022, with a particular focus on the
critical application of pH-sensitive polymers.
Human-AI Teaming in Critical Care: A Comparative Analysis of Data Scientists’ and Clinicians’ Perspectives on AI Augmentation and Automation
Authors: Bienefeld Nadine , Keller Emanuela , Grote Gudela 
Published: May 2024

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) holds immense potential for enhancing clinical and administrative health care tasks. However, slow adoption and implementation challenges highlight the need to consider how humans can effectively collaborate with AI within broader socio-technical systems in health care.

Objective
In the example of intensive care units (ICUs), we compare data scientists’ and clinicians’ assessments of the optimal utilization of human and AI capabilities by determining suitable levels of human-AI teaming for safely and meaningfully augmenting or automating 6 core tasks. The goal is to provide actionable recommendations for policy makers and health care practitioners regarding AI design and implementation.

Methods
In this multimethod study, we combine a systematic task analysis across 6 ICUs with an international Delphi survey involving 19 health data scientists from the industry and academia and 61 ICU clinicians (25 physicians and 36 nurses) to define and assess optimal levels of human-AI teaming (level 1=no performance benefits; level 2=AI augments human performance; level 3=humans augment AI performance; level 4=AI performs without human input). Stakeholder groups also considered ethical and social implications.

Results
Both stakeholder groups chose level 2 and 3 human-AI teaming for 4 out of 6 core tasks in the ICU. For one task (monitoring), level 4 was the preferred design choice. For the task of patient interactions, both data scientists and clinicians agreed that AI should not be used regardless of technological feasibility due to the importance of the physician-patient and nurse-patient relationship and ethical concerns. Human-AI design choices rely on interpretability, predictability, and control over AI systems. If these conditions are not met and AI performs below human-level reliability, a reduction to level 1 or shifting accountability away from human end users is advised. If AI performs at or beyond human-level reliability and these conditions are not met, shifting to level 4 automation should be considered to ensure safe and efficient human-AI teaming.

Conclusions
By considering the sociotechnical system and determining appropriate levels of human-AI teaming, our study showcases the potential for improving the safety and effectiveness of AI usage in ICUs and broader health care settings. Regulatory measures should prioritize interpretability, predictability, and control if clinicians hold full accountability. Ethical and social implications must be carefully evaluated to ensure effective collaboration between humans and AI, particularly considering the most recent advancements in generative AI.
Teaching Reform and Practice of Ideological and Political Education in the Course of Automotive Engine Principles
Authors: Lin Xiaodan , Ma Shaohui , Zhang Bin 
Published: May 2024

The course of automobile engine principle is the foundation of vehicle professional learning. The professional knowledge and innovative value contained in the course is an effective carrier to realize moral education.This paper puts forward the implementation plan of "one center and two main lines", which is centered on promoting morality and cultivating people.Four modules, "Engine performance and cycle", "Engine ventilation", "engine fuel and combustion", "Engine characteristics and car matching", are taken as the main line of knowledge teaching."socialist core values, feelings for the family and the country, craftsman spirit, innovative thinking" as the main line of ideological and political education.At the same time, based on the network teaching platform, the whole process of before-class, in-class and after-class teaching is realized.
Psycholinguistic Studies: Acquisition of Indonesian Phonology in Down Syndrome Children
Authors: Sinaga Lara Desma , Gustianingsih  , Zein T. Thyrhaya 
Published: May 2024

Language acquisition is a process that takes place in a child's brain when he acquires his first language or mother tongue which means language acquisition in relation to his first language. This study aims to analyze the acquisition of Indonesian phonology in Down syndrome children. This study was conducted on 5 Down syndrome, age range of 6-9 years. This study use Blumstein's theory of speech changes is used to determine the change of speech sounds and Jacobson's theory is used to determine the acquisition of phonology Indonesian and Jean Piaget's theory is used to describe the language development of them. The method used is proficient and record. It was found that the five respondents in pronouncing several words there was a change in the sound of speech, namely sound Deletion (Omision), sound addition (Addition), and sound replacement (Substitution). They have also acquired some of the Indonesian vowel sounds [i], [ u], [e], [o] and [a]. They can produce several vowels sounds either at the beginning, middle or end words. There are some consonants that have been acquired Indonesian and there are some consonant sounds that have not been obtained, [w], [f]. [z], and [h]. The phonological development is the stage of holoprastic. Their chronological age is 6 to 9 years, but the age of language acquisition is equivalent to the age of two years.
Rede de cooperação entre pesquisadores do XIX ENANPUR
Authors: Mauricio Nathanni Marrelli Matos , Pizzio Alex , Oliveira Nilton Marques de , Almeida Lia de Azevedo 
Published: May 2024

O presente estudo objetivou analisar a existência de uma rede de colaboração científica entre os pesquisadores participantes das sessões temáticas do XIX ENANPUR; bem como analisar a forma de organização e cooperação para o desenvolvimento da produção científica entre os atores envolvidos. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se um estudo descritivo, de natureza quantitativa, com emprego de técnicas de análises de redes sociais de cooperação. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados em planilha eletrônica do software Microsoft Excel e exportados para o software UCINET 6.0. Na edição pesquisada foram divulgados 449 artigos dispostos nas doze sessões temáticas do evento e envolveram a participação de 935 pesquisadores. A maioria dos autores desenvolveram os artigos através de colaboração científica, observou-se que a rede de cooperação dos autores apresenta baixa densidade e descentralizada. Os autores estão ligados a 137 instituições, sendo que 41 atuaram de maneira isolada. Assim, com relação a rede de colaboração levando em consideração as instituições que os autores estão vinculados, observou-se uma rede que apresenta baixa densidade e descentralizada, sendo que a instituição com maior índice de intermediação foi a Universidade de São Paulo (USP).
Palavras-chaves: Redes de colaboração; ENANPUR; Densidade; Centralidade; Intermediação.
Dendritic Cells and the Establishment of Fetomaternal Tolerance for Successful Human Pregnancy
Authors: Mahajan Deviyani , Kumar Tarun , Rath Prasana Kumar , Sahoo Anjan Kumar , Mishra Bidyut Prava , Kumar Sudarshan , Nayak Nihar Ranjan , Jena Manoj Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pregnancy is a remarkable event where the semi-allogeneic fetus develops in the mother’s uterus, despite genetic and immunological differences. The antigen handling and processing at the maternal–fetal interface during pregnancy appear to be crucial for the adaptation of the maternal immune system and for tolerance to the developing fetus and placenta. Maternal antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as macrophages (Mφs) and dendritic cells (DCs), are present at the maternal–fetal interface throughout pregnancy and are believed to play a crucial role in this process. Despite numerous studies focusing on the significance of Mφs, there is limited knowledge regarding the contribution of DCs in fetomaternal tolerance during pregnancy, making it a relatively new and growing field of research. This review focuses on how the behavior of DCs at the maternal–fetal interface adapts to pregnancy’s unique demands. Moreover, it discusses how DCs interact with other cells in the decidual leukocyte network to regulate uterine and placental homeostasis and the local maternal immune responses to the fetus. The review particularly examines the different cell lineages of DCs with specific surface markers, which have not been critically reviewed in previous publications. Additionally, it emphasizes the impact that even minor disruptions in DC functions can have on pregnancy-related complications and proposes further research into the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting DCs to manage these complications.
Research on electrical automation devices under embedded real-time operating system design
Authors: Liu Yuxuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As the scale of the electrical system becomes more and more large and the structure becomes more and more complex, the performance of the electrical automation device is therefore required to be higher. This paper studies the electrical system automation device, and from the perspective of universality, designs and establishes the hardware platform of the electrical system automation device composed of six plug-ins, such as human-machine interface, auxiliary switch input, AC input, communication, power supply, and central processor. On this basis, μC/OS-II is adopted as the embedded real-time operating system of this paper to develop and design the software of the electrical system automation device. Then, the principle of the protection device for embedded system electrical automation is analyzed, and a microcomputer line protection device based on the full-circle Fuchs algorithm is proposed. The empirical analysis of the embedded system electrical automation device shows that the maximum system task response time is 145 μs and the minimum is 10 μs, which are all no more than 1 ms. When testing including the single board state, the keyboard, the alphabetical mode, the basic function, and the single board line module sending and receiving, the pass rate of all the testing items is more than 99%, which verifies that this paper is based on the embedded real-time operating system of the feasibility and effectiveness of the electrical automation device.