bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of pyrazolyl oxadiazoles and thiadiazoles
Authors: Padmavathi Venkatapuram , Reddy Sanapalli Nagi , Reddy Guda Dinneswara , Venkatesh Bhumireddy Chinnachennaiahgari , Padmaja Adivireddy 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA new class of bis heterocycles—sulfone linked pyrazolyl oxadiazoles thiadiazoles were prepared from E‐phenylsulfonylethenesulfonylacetic acid and studied their antimicrobial activities. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Synthesis and antiviral activity of new substituted pyrimidine glycosides
Authors: Ramiz Mahmoud M. M. , El‐Sayed Wael A. , Hagag Ezzat , Abdel‐Rahman Adel A.‐H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA number of N‐substituted pyrimidine glycosides were synthesized by coupling reaction of the pyrimidine base with acetobromosugars followed by deprotection. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antiviral activity against Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). Plaque reduction infectivity assay was used to determine virus count reduction as a result of treatment with tested compounds which showed moderate to high anti viral activities. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Cross sectional geometry of the forelimb skeleton and flight mode in pelecaniform birds
Authors: Simons Erin L. R. , Hieronymus Tobin L. , O'Connor Patrick M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAvian wing elements have been shown to experience both dorsoventral bending and torsional loads during flapping flight. However, not all birds use continuous flapping as a primary flight strategy. The pelecaniforms exhibit extraordinary diversity in flight mode, utilizing flapping, flap‐gliding, and soaring. Here we (1) characterize the cross‐sectional geometry of the three main wing bone (humerus, ulna, carpometacarpus), (2) use elements of beam theory to estimate resistance to loading, and (3) examine patterns of variation in hypothesized loading resistance relative to flight and diving mode in 16 species of pelecaniform birds. Patterns emerge that are common to all species, as well as some characteristics that are flight‐ and diving‐mode specific. In all birds examined, the distal most wing segment (carpometacarpus) is the most elliptical (relatively highImax/Imin) at mid‐shaft, suggesting a shape optimized to resist bending loads in a dorsoventral direction. As primary flight feathers attach at an oblique angle relative to the long axis of the carpometacarpus, they are likely responsible for inducing bending of this element during flight. Moreover, among flight modes examined the flapping group (cormorants) exhibits more elliptical humeri and carpometacarpi than other flight modes, perhaps pertaining to the higher frequency of bending loads in these elements. The soaring birds (pelicans and gannets) exhibit wing elements with near‐circular cross‐sections and higher polar moments of area than in the flap and flap‐gliding birds, suggesting shapes optimized to offer increased resistance to torsional loads. This analysis of cross‐sectional geometry has enhanced our interpretation of how the wing elements are being loaded and ultimately how they are being used during normal activities. J. Morphol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss,Inc.
Diverse origin of P[19] rotaviruses in children with acute diarrhea in Taiwan: Detection of novel lineages of the G3, G5, and G9 VP7 genes
Authors: Wu Fang‐Tzy , Bányai Krisztián , Huang Jason C. , Wu Ho‐Sheng , Chang Feng‐Yee , Yang Jyh‐Yuan , Hsiung Chao Agnes , Huang Yhu‐Chering , Lin Jen‐Shiou , Hwang Kao‐Pin , Jiang Baoming , Gentsch Jon R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe previously reported the detection of genotype P[19] rotavirus strains from children hospitalized with acute dehydrating diarrhea during a 5‐year surveillance period in Taiwan. The characterization of five P[19] strains (0.4% of all typed), including three G3P[19], a novel G5P[19], and a unique G9P[19] genotype is described in this study. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP4, VP7, VP6, and NSP4 genes was performed, which demonstrated novel lineages for respective genotypes of the VP4 and the VP7 genes. The sequence similarities of the P[19] VP4 gene among Taiwanese human strains was higher (nt, 91.5–96.2%; aa, 93.7–97.6%) than to other P[19] strains (nt, 83.5–86.6%; aa, 89.4–94.1%) from different regions of the world. The VP7 gene of the three G3P[19] Taiwanese strains shared up to 93.4% nt and 97.5% aa identity to each other but had lower similarity to reference strain sequences available in GenBank (nt, <90.1%; aa, <95.6%). Similarly, the VP7 gene of the novel G5P[19] strain was only moderately related to the VP7 gene of reference G5 strains (nt, 82.2–87.3%; aa, 87.0–93.1%), while the VP7 gene of the single G9P[19] strain was genetically distinct from other known human and animal G9 rotavirus strains (nt, ≤92.0%; aa, ≤95.7%). Together, these findings suggest that the Taiwanese P[19] strains originated by independent interspecies transmission events. Synchronized surveillance of human and animal rotaviruses in Taiwan should identify possible hosts of these uncommon human rotavirus strains. J. Med. Virol. 83:1279–1287, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation of serum hepatitis B surface antigen level with response to entecavir in naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Lee Myoung Hee , Lee Da Mi , Kim Soon Sun , Cheong Jae Youn , Cho Sung Won 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that quantifying the serum HBsAg levels can predict the response to pegylated interferon. We aimed to determine the change in serum HBsAg levels during entecavir (ETV) treatment and the correlation with treatment response in chronic HBeAg‐positive and HBeAg‐negative hepatitis B patients. Serial HBsAg levels were measured using the Architect assay (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) in sera from 101 treatment‐naive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving ETV. During treatment, in HBeAg‐positive patients, the mean HBsAg level was 3.51, 3.22, 3.34, 3.36, and 3.40 log10 IU/ml at baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively, and there was no significant change compared with the baseline level, except the decline at 3 months (P = 0.009). In HBeAg‐negative patients, the mean level of serum HBsAg showed increase with 3.06, 3.09, 3.20, 3.26, and 3.27 log10 IU/ml at baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of treatment, respectively. In HBeAg‐positive patients, HBV‐DNA negativity (<2,000 copies/ml; P = 0.010) and HBsAg level <3,000 IU/ml (P = 0.026) at 3 months were independent predictors of HBeAg loss/seroconversion at 12 months. After 24 months of treatment, the HBsAg levels at baseline (P = 0.046) was an independent factor of HBeAg loss/seroconversion. In HBeAg‐negative patients, undetectable HBV DNA at 6 months was an independent factor predicting undetectable HBV DNA after 12 months of therapy. The level of serum HBsAg before and during therapy was a good predictor of HBeAg loss/seroconversion in naïve HBeAg‐positive CHB patients receiving entecavir. J. Med. Virol. 83:1178–1186, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Qualitative and quantitative analyses of Epimedium wushanense by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Hui‐fang , Guan Xiang‐yu , Ye Min , Xiang Cheng , Lin Chang‐hu , Sun Chao , Guo De‐an 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA new HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MSn method was developed for rapid separation, characterization and quantitation of flavonoids in Epimedium wushanense, a popular Chinese herbal medicine. For qualitative identification, a total of 37 compounds were characterized from the underground and aerial parts of E. wushanense. Among them, 28 compounds were prenylated flavonoids, and 23 were confirmed by comparing with reference standards. For quantitative analysis, 12 major flavonoids including kaempferol glycosides, desmethylicaritin glycosides, and icaritin glycosides were simultaneously determined by HPLC/UV. Samples were separated on a Waters Symmetry C18 column at 35°C eluted with a gradient three‐component mobile phase of acetonitrile, methanol, and water containing 0.03% v/v formic acid. All the flavonoids showed good linearity (r2≥0.9997). The recoveries varied from 92.6 to 106.1% at three concentration levels. This method was applied to the determination of 20 samples of different geographical sources, harvesting time, and plant parts. Contents of the predominant flavonoid, epimedin C, ranged from 1.4 to 5.1% in aerial parts and 1.0 to 2.8% in underground parts. The methods established in this paper were simple and reliable and could be used for the quality control of E. wushanense.
Family Members and Vacation Satisfaction: Proposal of a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Kozak Metin , Duman Teoman 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the extent to which the other family members (spouse and/or child/ren) in a family influence the vacationers' overall vacation satisfaction and future behavioural intentions. As part of the study, a conceptual framework was proposed where overall vacation satisfaction mediates the relationships between spouses' and child/ren's vacation evaluations and respondents' return and recommending intentions. The methodology included self‐administered surveys of 445 families from the UK, which were completed at a Turkish resort airport in August 2007. The results indicate that the respondents' vacation satisfaction is influenced more strongly by spouses. Furthermore, the results show that respondents' return intentions are determined by their and their spouses' vacation satisfaction, whereas respondents' recommending intentions are determined by their and their child/ren's vacation satisfaction. These results bring new insights into the post‐purchase vacation behaviour for both theory and practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rate coefficients and ClO radical yields in the reaction of O(1D) with CClF2CCl2F, CCl3CF3, CClF2CClF2, and CCl2FCF3
Authors: Baasandorj Munkhbayar , Feierabend Karl J. , Burkholder James B. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRate coefficients, k, and ClO radical product yields, Y, for the gas‐phase reaction of O(1D) with CClF2CCl2F (CFC‐113) (k2), CCl3CF3 (CFC‐113a) (k3), CClF2CClF2 (CFC‐114) (k4), and CCl2FCF3 (CFC‐114a) (k5) at 296 K are reported. Rate coefficients for the loss of O(1D) were measured using a competitive reaction technique, with n‐butane (n‐C4H10) as the reference reactant, employing pulsed laser photolysis production of O(1D) combined with laser‐induced fluorescence detection of the OH radical temporal profile. Rate coefficients were measured to be k2 = (2.33 ± 0.40) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, k3 = (2.61 ± 0.40) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, k4 = (1.42 ± 0.25) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, and k5 = (1.62 ± 0.30) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. ClO radical product yields for reactions (2)–(5) were measured using pulsed laser photolysis combined with cavity ring‐down spectroscopy to be 0.80 ± 0.10, 0.79 ± 0.10, 0.85 ± 0.12, and 0.79 ± 0.10, respectively. The quoted errors in k and Y are at the 2σ (95% confidence) level and include estimated systematic errors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America
Int J Chem Kinet 43: 393–401, 2011
What faces reveal: Impaired affect display in facial paralysis
Authors: Ishii Lisa E. , Godoy Andres , Encarnacion Carlos O. , Byrne Patrick J. , Boahene Kofi D. O. , Ishii Masaru 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To evaluate affect display in patients with facial paralysis as compared with normal subjects. We hypothesized that patients with facial paralysis would have impaired affect display and be perceived as displaying a negative affect as compared with normal subjects.Study Design:Randomized controlled experiment.Methods:Forty naive observers viewed pictures of patients with facial paralysis and normal faces. Observers classified the affect display of the patients and normal subjects by using a survey containing choices regarding primary emotions and personal attributes.Results:An exploratory latent class analysis was performed on the survey results, and the faces were categorized into three types: positive, negative, and neutral. The probability of interpreting normal smiling faces as positive was 98%; the probability of interpreting those in repose as neutral or positive was 60%. The faces with facial paralysis were much more likely to be regarded as negative or neutral. The probability for classification into the negative class was 73% for the paralyzed faces in repose and 69% for the paralyzed smiling faces. In the latent class regression, smiling normal faces were six times more likely to be classified as positive, and smiling paralyzed faces were three times less likely to be in that class.Conclusions:Patients with facial paralysis were classified as having a negative affect display the vast majority of the time. Antithetically, normal faces in repose were classified as neutral the majority of the time; they were classified as positive the majority of the time when smiling. These novel results demonstrate the impact of the facial paralysis defect on perception by observers. Laryngoscope, 2011
Interactions Between a Luminescent Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte and Insulin During Early Phases of Amyloid Formation
Authors: Wigenius Jens , Persson Gustav , Widengren Jerker , Inganäs Olle 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAggregates of misfolded proteins play an important role in diseases such as Alzheimer's. Here it is demonstrated how the anionic oligothiophene p‐FTAA interacts with and influences pre‐fibrillar protein assemblies during the earlier stages of in vitro fibrillation. Conjugated polythiophenes have previously been demonstrated to detect and discriminate between different types of protein aggregates and also introduce luminescent or conductive properties to these nanoscale fiber structures. Fluorescence spectroscopy, DLS, TEM and FCS are employed to follow the interplay between p‐FTAA and insulin during in vitro fibrillation. magnified image
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly[N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] Micelles for Drug Delivery
Authors: Krimmer Stefan G. , Pan Huaizhong , Liu Jihua , Yang Jiyuan , Kopeček Jindřich 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAmphiphilic block copolymers based on HPMA and ε‐CL were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐CL followed by RAFT polymerization of HPMA. A copolymer composed of 34 kDa PHPMA and 8.5 kDa PCL associated into micelles with CMC of 5.4 µg · mL−1. A novel retinoid, 3‐Cl‐AHPC‐OMe, was incorporated into micelles with 25 wt.‐% loading by dialysis method. The effective diameter of drug loading micelles was 117 nm. Incubation of micelles in PBS at 37 °C indicated 86 wt.‐% of the drug was released after 96 h. Cytotoxicity studies performed with C4‐2 prostate cancer cells showed the IC50 dose was 1.96 µM after 72 h of incubation, whereas the micelles without drug showed no cytotoxicity. magnified image
Syndiotactic Polystyrene Films: Orientation and Structural Changes Upon Biaxial Drawing
Authors: Rizzo Paola , Albunia Alexandra R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe orientation developed in biaxially stretched sPS (BoSPS) films before and after crystallization is studied using XRD and FT‐IR. On BoSPS films, thermal treatment induces crystallization into the trans‐planar α‐crystalline phase and a “planar” crystalline phase orientation is observed. In contrast, solvent treatments on BoSPS films induce crystallization into the helical δ‐crystalline phase, representing the first example of a polymeric framework that is able to absorb low‐molecular‐mass guest molecules from water and air at low activities and that is promising for applications in chemical separation or water purification applications; in this case a high degree of a//c// “uniplanar” crystalline phase orientation is observed. magnified image
Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Radical Photoinitiators
Authors: Sangermano Marco , Marino Francesco , Reuel Nigel , Strano Michael S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUpon photoexcitation, SWNTs, which have semiconducting behavior, can generate radicals that in turn start acrylic polyaddition reactions. The high efficiency of photoinitiation of polyethyleneglycol diacrylate achieved in the presence of SWNTs is evidenced by the high acrylic double bond conversion reached in the presence of the carbon filler and confirmed by the high gel content values of the cured films. Thermal analyses show that the effect of Tg increases with increased SWNT content in the formulations. Morphology investigations show a good dispersion and distribution of the SWNTs within the polymeric coating. It is demonstrated that the use of semiconducting SWNTs can combine the advantages of using them both as the filler and photoinitiator at the same time to achieve composite materials with enhanced properties. magnified image
Neurophysiologic studies of the sacral reflex in women with “non‐neurogenic” sacral dysfunction
Authors: Podnar Simon 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAimsTo test different technical setups for stimulation and recording of the sacral reflex, provide confidence intervals and discuss the utility of the sensory threshold and the sacral reflex threshold in women with “non‐neurogenic” sacral dysfunction.MethodsAll women without neurologic disorder, with normal neurologic examination, and bilaterally normal quantitative electromyography of the external anal sphincter (EAS) muscles referred consecutively for uro‐neurophysiologic testing were included. The sacral reflex was elicited by single and double electrical stimulation of the clitoris, and the response detected by a needle electrode inserted separately into the left and right bulbocavernosus muscle (i.e., clitoro‐cavernosus reflex), and in some women also inserted into the EAS muscle.ResultsThirty‐one women, mainly with fecal and/or urinary incontinence, were studied. Recording of the sacral reflex from the bulbocavernosus muscle was found to be much clearer than from the sphincter muscles. On 13 sides on single and on 6 sides on double pulse electrical stimuli clitoro‐cavernosus reflex latencies were found to be much longer compared to those obtained previously in women with intact sacral function.ConclusionsThe present study supports the findings of previous studies, which reported longer sacral reflex latencies in women with “non‐neurogenic” sacral dysfunction. The difference might be explained by the lower excitation level of the sacral spinal cord neurons in some women with incontinence. Women with sacral dysfunction and prolonged sacral reflex latency need to be examined neurologically and electromyographically to confirm proximal neuropathic lesion. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1603–1608, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perineal surface electromyography does not typically demonstrate expected relaxation during normal voiding
Authors: Kirby Anna C. , Nager Charles W. , Litman Heather J. , FitzGerald Mary P. , Kraus Stephen , Norton Peggy , Sirls Larry , Rickey Leslie , Wilson Tracey , Dandreo Kimberly J. , Shepherd Jonathan , Zimmern Philippe ,   for the Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network
Published: May 2011

AbstractAimsTo describe perineal surface patch electromyography (EMG) activity during urodynamics (UDS) and compare activity between filling and voiding phases and to assess for a relationship between preoperative EMG activity and postoperative voiding symptoms.Methods655 women underwent standardized preoperative UDS that included perineal surface EMG prior to undergoing surgery for stress urinary incontinence. Pressure‐flow studies were evaluated for abdominal straining and interrupted flow. Quantitative EMG values were extracted from 10 predetermined time‐points and compared between fill and void. Qualitative EMG activity was assessed for the percent of time EMG was active during fill and void and for the average amplitude of EMG during fill compared to void. Postoperative voiding dysfunction was defined as surgical revision or catheterization more than 6 weeks after surgery. Fisher's exact test with a 5% two‐sided significance level was used to assess differences in EMG activity and postoperative voiding dysfunction.Results321 UDS had interpretable EMG studies, of which 131 (41%) had EMG values at all 10 predetermined and annotated time‐points. Quantitative and qualitative EMG signals during flow were usually greater than during fill. The prevalence of postoperative voiding dysfunction in subjects with higher preoperative EMG activity during void was not significantly different. Results were similar in the 42 subjects who had neither abdominal straining during void nor interrupted flow.ConclusionsPerineal surface patch EMG did not measure expected pelvic floor and urethral sphincter relaxation during voiding. Preoperative EMG did not predict patients at risk for postoperative voiding dysfunction. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1591–1596, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiscale method for characterization of porous microstructures and their impact on macroscopic effective permeability
Authors: Sun W. C. , Andrade J. E. , Rudnicki J. W. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractRecent technology advancements on X‐ray computed tomography (X‐ray CT) offer a nondestructive approach to extract complex three‐dimensional geometries with details as small as a few microns in size. This new technology opens the door to study the interplay between microscopic properties (e.g. porosity) and macroscopic fluid transport properties (e.g. permeability). To take full advantage of X‐ray CT, we introduce a multiscale framework that relates macroscopic fluid transport behavior not only to porosity but also to other important microstructural attributes, such as occluded/connected porosity and geometrical tortuosity, which are extracted using new computational techniques from digital images of porous materials. In particular, we introduce level set methods, and concepts from graph theory, to determine the geometrical tortuosity and connected porosity, while using a lattice Boltzmann/finite element scheme to obtain homogenized effective permeability at specimen‐scale. We showcase the applicability and efficiency of this multiscale framework by two examples, one using a synthetic array and another using a sample of natural sandstone with complex pore structure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aberrantly expressed AURKC enhances the transformation and tumourigenicity of epithelial cells
Authors: Tsou Jen‐Hui , Chang Kung‐Chao , Chang‐Liao Pey‐Yi , Yang Shu‐Ting , Lee Chung‐Ta , Chen Ya‐Ping , Lee Yi‐Chao , Lin Bo‐Wen , Lee Jenq‐Chang , Shen Meng‐Ru , Chuang Chin‐Kai , Chang Wen‐Chang , Wang Ju‐Ming , Hung Liang‐Yi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOver‐expression of AURKC has been detected in human colorectal cancers, thyroid carcinoma and several cancer cell lines. However, the regulation and clinical implications of over‐expressed AURKC in cancer cells are unclear. Here we show that elevated AURKC increases the proliferation, transformation and migration of cancer cells. Importantly, the kinase activity of AURKC is required for these tumour‐associated properties. Analysis of human cancer specimens shows that the expression of AURKC is increased in cervical cancer, and is highly correlated with staging in colorectal cancer. Over‐expressed AURKC‐GFP localizes to the centromeric regions of mitotic chromosomes and results in a decreased level of AURKB, a key regulator of spindle checkpoint. Expression of AURKC is down‐regulated by PLZF, a transcriptional repressor, through recruitment to its promoter region. The expression levels of PLZF and AURKC mRNA display opposite patterns in human cervical and colorectal cancers. Taken together, our results provide important insights into human cancers with AURKC expression, which may serve as a potential target for cancer therapy in the future. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.