bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ELF/VLF recordings during the 11 March 2011 Japanese Tohoku earthquake
Authors: Cohen M. B. , Marshall R. A. 
Published: May 2012

Broadband ELF/VLF radio recordings (0.2–40 kHz) were made at a site in Onagawa, Japan located ∼102 km from the epicenter of the M9.0 11 March 2011 earthquake, the fifth most powerful earthquake in recorded history. The receiver operated for about two minutes after the start of the earthquake, after which the receiver lost power. Examination of the VLF data shows no radio emissions preceding or coincident with the onset of the earthquake. However, once the secondary seismic waves reached the receiver, a number of impulses and diffuse noise bands arose which may result from the entire power grid shaking or from radio emissions from compressing rocks. Examination of the ELF data (0.2–1 kHz) show no precursor effect in the hours preceding the earthquake. Examination of VLF data from narrowband transmitters shows no anomalous activity in the days or weeks preceding the earthquake. Our instrument low‐frequency cut‐off is ∼200 Hz, and thus we cannot comment on emissions in the ULF range (<10 Hz).
Deformation and surface uplift associated with serpentinization at mid‐ocean ridges and subduction zones
Authors: Germanovich Leonid N. , Genc Gence , Lowell Robert P. , Rona Peter A. 
Published: May 2012

We employ the classical problem of an inclusion in an elastic half‐space to model effects of sub‐surface serpentinization on crustal deformation, change of stress state, and surface uplift. At the TAG hydrothermal field on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, the model suggests that an anomalous salient 3 km in diameter and 100 m high that projects 3.5 km westward from the east valley wall may have resulted from a relatively deep‐seated well‐serpentinized body exhibiting transformational strain. The associated large strains would likely result in sub‐surface fracturing or faulting, but surface uplift may be relatively insensitive to the exact depth and shape of the serpentinized region. Serpentinization of a region beneath the footwall of the TAG detachment fault will tend to promote slip along some overlying normal faults, which may then enhance fluid pathways to the deeper crust to continue the serpentinization process. Our solution for the Miyazaki Plain above the Kyushu‐Palau subduction zone in SW Japan explains the observed uplift of ≈120 m. The small transformational strains associated with serpentinization in this region may promote thrust‐type events in the aseismic slip zone near the upper boundary of the subducting Philippine Sea Plate as well as intraplate earthquakes associated with normal faulting. The rate of serpentinization needed to produce the observed uplift at the Miyazaki Plain is significantly greater than that needed at TAG, though significantly smaller on per unit volume basis. Thermal effects of serpentinization in both regions appear to be small, but uplift data provide an additional constraint on inferring serpentinization from geological and seismological observations.
Comment on “Revised electron affinity of SF6 from kinetic data” [J. Chem. Phys. 136, 121102 (2012)]
Authors: Karton Amir , Martin Jan M. L. 
Published: May 2012

The adiabatic electron affinity (AEA) of SF6 has been calculated near the relativistic CCSDT(Q) basis set limit. Our best theoretical value (1.0340 ± 0.03 eV) is in excellent agreement with the recently revised experimental value of 1.03 ± 0.05 eV reported by Troe et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 136, 121102 (2012)]10.1063/1.3698170. While our best nonrelativistic, clamped-nuclei, valence CCSD(T) basis set limit value of 0.9058 eV is in good accord with the previously reported CCSD(T)/CBS values, to obtain an accurate AEA, several additional contributions need to be taken into account. The most important one is scalar-relativistic effects (0.0839 eV), followed by inner-shell correlation (0.0216 eV) and post-CCSD(T) correlation effects (0.0248 eV), the latter almost entirely due to connected quadruple excitations. The diagonal Born-Oppenheimer correction is an order of magnitude less important at −0.0022 eV.
The influence of range of motion versus application of force on vertical jump performance in prepubescent girls and adult females
Authors: Floría Pablo , Harrison Andrew J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study examined whether during childhood, the parameters for the range of motion had more influence on vertical jump height than parameters for application of force. Counter‐movement jumps performed by 36 girls aged between 5 and 8 years and 20 adult females were examined using force platform analysis. Multiple regression analysis of the data indicated that the parameters for the range of motion had more influence on jump height than the parameters for application of force. This was demonstrated by standardised coefficients for range of motion which were higher than the standardised coefficients for application of force. Although this trend was observed in both groups, the influence of the range of motion was relatively greater in prepubescent girls than in adult females. The present results suggest that prepubescent girls increased their jump height by increasing the range of motion over which force is applied.
Home advantage and referee bias in European football
Authors: Goumas Chris 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHome advantage is well documented in a wide range of team sports including association football (soccer). Home team crowd support has been shown to be a likely causal factor and its influence on referee decision‐making appears to play a significant role. Match data from the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 seasons of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Champions League and Europa League were used to investigate referee bias in terms of the association between match location (home vs. away) and disciplinary sanctions used by football referees. The adjusted mean number of yellow cards received by home and away teams and the ratios of these means were estimated from Poisson regression models. After controlling for within‐match measures of attacking dominance referees in the Champions League and Europa League issued 25% (p<0.001) and 10% (p=0.002) more yellow cards, respectively, to away teams than to home teams. The higher level of home team bias in the Champions League appeared to be mainly due to higher crowd densities. In a combined analysis of both UEFA leagues the magnitude of referee bias increased with increasing crowd density (p<0.001). Crowd size and crowd proximity were not associated with referee bias after controlling for crowd density. These results provide further evidence that crowd support influences referee decisions. Failure to control for within‐match team performance may over‐estimate the extent of referee bias in terms of the number of disciplinary sanctions used.
Top‐down and bottom‐up processes during observation: Implications for motor learning
Authors: Roberts James W. , Bennett Simon J. , Elliott Digby , Hayes Spencer J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNeurophysiological and behavioural research has linked observational practice (OP) to a mirroring mechanism encompassing the action‐observation network (AON). Although, the original findings indicate that biological stimuli alone activate the AON, recent evidence has shown sensitivity to non‐biological stimuli. Thus, the AON is suggested to be influenced by interacting bottom‐up and top‐down processes. In this review, we describe the multi‐functional properties of the AON and discuss the implications for OP and subsequent motor learning.
Years, Months, and Days versus 1, 12, and 365: The Influence of Units versus Numbers
Authors: Monga Ashwani , Bagchi Rajesh 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Quantitative changes may be conveyed to consumers using small units (e.g., change in delivery time from 7 to 21 days) or large units (1–3 weeks). Numerosity research suggests that changes are magnified by small (vs. large) units because a change from 7 to 21 (vs. 1–3) seems larger. We introduce a reverse effect that we term unitosity: changes are magnified by large (vs. small) units because a change of weeks (vs. days) seems larger. We show that numerosity reverses to unitosity when relative salience shifts from numbers to units (study 1). Then, arguing that numbers (units) represent a low-level (high-level) construal of quantities, we show this reversal when mind-set shifts from concrete to abstract (studies 2–4). These results emerge for several quantities—height of buildings, time of maturity of financial instruments, weight of nutrients, and length of tables—and have significant implications for theory and practice.
From the Commercial to the Communal: Reframing Taboo Trade-offs in Religious and Pharmaceutical Marketing
Authors: Peter McGraw A. , Schwartz Janet A. , Tetlock Philip E. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Although consumers typically expect organizations to profit from marketing goods and services, they also believe that certain organizations, like those that focus on religion and health, should prioritize communal obligations. Indeed, consumers may find it morally distressing when communally focused organizations use overtly commercial marketing strategies like rebranding or value-based pricing. We demonstrate how moral distress and consumer backlash result from such taboo trade-offs and investigate when communal-sharing rhetoric for religious and pharmaceutical marketing reduces distress. Communal justifications used by communally focused organizations are particularly effective when consumers are not closely monitoring the motives of the organization or when the product is need-based. However, communal justifications become less effective and market-pricing justifications become more effective when consumers are attuned to the persuasive intentions of the organization. Implications for consumer goals are discussed.
Intracommunity Gifting at the Intersection of Contemporary Moral and Market Economies
Authors: Weinberger Michelle F. , Wallendorf Melanie 
Published: May 2012

AbstractConsumer research on gifting has primarily focused on the interpersonal meanings and behavior patterns associated with dyadic gifts that are specifically given from one individual to another and in which the central goal is interpersonal relationship maintenance. Yet we find another type of gifting when community members in one social position give to community members in another position in which the central goal is intracommunity, rather than interpersonal, relationship work. This ethnographic research details the ritual practices, structural components, and meanings associated with intracommunity gifts employing the empirical context of the post-Katrina New Orleans’ community celebration of Mardi Gras. Through this context, we detail how intracommunity gifting gives prominence to the logics of the moral economy while still drawing from those of the market economy. Beyond this context, we use our conclusions about the intersection of the market and moral economies to understand contemporary ambivalence to corporate sponsorships of local community events.
Nostalgia: The Gift That Keeps on Giving
Authors: Zhou Xinyue , Wildschut Tim , Sedikides Constantine , Shi Kan , Feng Cong 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Nostalgia, a sentimental longing for a personally experienced and valued past, is a social emotion. It refers to significant others in the context of momentous life events and fosters a sense of social connectedness. On this basis, the authors hypothesized that (1) nostalgia promotes charitable intentions and behavior, and (2) this effect is mediated by empathy with the charity’s beneficiaries. Five studies assessed the effect of nostalgia on empathy, intentions to volunteer and donate, as well as tangible charitable behavior. Results were consistent with the hypotheses. Study 1 found that nostalgia increases charitable intentions. Study 2 showed that this salutary effect of nostalgia on charitable intentions is mediated by empathy (but not by personal distress). Studies 3 and 4 corroborated these finding for different charities and in diverse samples. Finally, study 5 demonstrated that nostalgia increases tangible charitable behavior. By virtue of its capacity to increase empathy, nostalgia facilitates prosocial reactions.
Gene Expression in Skin, Muscle, and Dorsal Root Ganglion after Plantar Incision in the Rat
Authors: Spofford Christina M. , Brennan Timothy J. 
Published: May 2012

Background
Treating postoperative pain remains a significant challenge for perioperative medicine. Recent studies have shown that nerve growth factor is up-regulated and contributes to incisional pain. To date, few studies have examined expression of other neurotrophin-related mediators that may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of incisional pain.

Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a plantar incision, and pain behaviors were examined (n = 6). In a separate group of rats, expression of neurotrophic factors were studied. At various times after incision (n = 4) or sham surgery (n = 4), the skin, muscle, and dorsal root ganglia were harvested and total RNA isolated. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed and the fold change in gene expression was analyzed using significance analysis of microarrays.

Results
Several genes were changed (P < 0.05) as early as 1 h after incision. Expression of artemin and nerve growth factor were increased in both incised skin and muscle. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-5 were all down-regulated in the skin but up-regulated in the muscle 48 h after incision. Few genes changed in the dorsal root ganglion. Most changes in expression occurred in the first 48 h after incision, a timeframe when pain behavior was the greatest.

Conclusion
Surgical incision is associated with pain-related gene expression changes in skin, muscle, and, to a lesser extent, dorsal root ganglion. The gene expression profile provides clues as to mediators that are involved in peripheral sensitization and pain transmission after surgical incision and also suggest mechanisms for resolution of postoperative pain when more persistent pain syndromes like neuropathic pain continue.
Hemodynamic and Hormonal Stress Responses to Endotracheal Tube and ProSeal Laryngeal Mask AirwayTMfor Laparoscopic Gastric Banding
Authors: Carron Michele , Veronese Stefano , Gomiero Walter , Foletto Mirto , Nitti Donato , Ori Carlo , Freo Ulderico 
Published: May 2012

Background
The stress responses from tracheal intubation are potentially dangerous in patients with higher cardiovascular risk, such as obese patients. The primary outcome objective of this study was to test whether, in comparison with the endotracheal tube (ETT), the Proseal™ Laryngeal Mask Airway (PLMA™) (Laryngeal Mask Airway Company, Jersey, United Kingdom) reduces blood pressure and norepinephrine responses and the amounts of muscle relaxants needed in obese patients.

Methods
We assessed hemodynamic and hormonal stress responses, ventilation, and postoperative recovery in 75 morbidly obese patients randomized to receive standardized anesthesia with either an ETT or the PLMA™ for laparoscopic gastric banding.

Results
In repeated-measures ANOVA, mean arterial blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine were significantly higher in the ETT group than in the PLMA™ group. In individual pairwise comparisons, blood pressure rose higher in ETT than PLMA™ patients after insertion and removal of airway devices, and after recovery. In ETT compared with PLMA™ patients, plasma norepinephrine was higher after induction of carboperitoneum (mean ± SD, 534 ± 198 and 368 ± 147 and pg/ml, P = 0.001), after airway device removal (578 ± 285 and 329 ± 128 pg/ml, P < 0.0001), and after recovery in postanesthesia care unit (380 ± 167 and 262 ± 95 and pg/ml, P = 0.003). Compared with use of the ETT, the PLMA™ reduced cisatracurium requirement, oxygen desaturation, and time to discharge from both the postanesthesia care unit and the hospital.

Conclusions
PLMA™ reduces stress responses and postoperative complaints after laparoscopic gastric banding.
Spatial and temporal organization of multi-protein assemblies: achieving sensitive control in information-rich cell-regulatory systems
Authors: Bolanos-Garcia Victor M. , Wu Qian , Ochi Takashi , Chirgadze Dimitri Y. , Sibanda Bancinyane Lynn , Blundell Tom L. 
Published: May 2012

The regulation of cellular processes in living organisms requires signalling systems that have a high signal-to-noise ratio. This is usually achieved by transient, multi-protein complexes that assemble cooperatively. Even in the crowded environment of the cell, such assemblies are unlikely to form by chance, thereby providing a sensitive regulation of cellular processes. Furthermore, selectivity and sensitivity may be achieved by the requirement for concerted folding and binding of previously unfolded components. We illustrate these features by focusing on two essential signalling pathways of eukaryotic cells: first, the monitoring and repair of DNA damage by non-homologous end joining, and second, the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint, which detects and corrects defective attachments of chromosomes to the kinetochore. We show that multi-protein assemblies moderate the full range of functional complexity and diversity in the two signalling systems. Deciphering the nature of the interactions is central to understanding the mechanisms that control the flow of information in cell signalling and regulation.
Analysis and visualization of H7 influenza using genomic, evolutionary and geographic information in a modular web service
Authors: Janies Daniel A. , Pomeroy Laura W. , Aaronson Jacob M. , Handelman Samuel , Hardman Jori , Kawalec Kevin , Bitterman Thomas , Wheeler Ward C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe have reported previously on use of a web‐based application, Supramap (http://supramap.org) for the study of biogeographic, genotypic, and phenotypic evolution. Using Supramap we have developed maps of the spread of drug‐resistant influenza and host shifts in H1N1 and H5N1 influenza and coronaviruses such as SARS. Here we report on another zoonotic pathogen, H7 influenza, and provide an update on the implementation of Supramap as a web service. We find that the emergence of pathogenic strains of H7 is labile with many transitions from high to low pathogenicity, and from low to high pathogenicity. We use Supramap to put these events in a temporal and geospatial context. We identify several lineages of H7 influenza with biomarkers of high pathogenicity in regions that have not been reported in the scientific literature. The original implementation of Supramap was built with tightly coupled client and server software. Now we have decoupled the components to provide a modular web service for POY (http://poyws.org) that can be consumed by a data provider to create a novel application. To demonstrate the web service, we have produced an application, Geogenes (http://geogenes.org). Unlike in Supramap, in which the user is required to create and upload data files, in Geogenes the user works from a graphical interface to query an underlying dataset. Geogenes demonstrates how the web service can provide underlying processing for any sequence and metadata database.© The Willi Hennig Society 2012.
Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of a novel sigma‐1 receptor antagonist in three randomized phase I studies
Authors: Abadias Montserrat , Escriche Marisol , Vaqué Anna , Sust Mariano , Encina Gregorio 
Published: May 2012

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• A novel and highly selective sigma‐1 receptor antagonist (S1RA) provides a new approach for pain management. S1RA has shown activity in animal models of neuropathic pain and potentiation of opioid analgesia.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• Phase I studies of single and multiple oral dose administration show that S1RA is safe and well tolerated by healthy subjects. S1RA is rapidly absorbed and its rate and extent of exposure increases with dose.• The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of S1RA support its further phase II development in different pain indications.AIM To assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects of a novel, highly selective, sigma‐1 receptor antagonist (S1RA).METHODS Three randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials evaluated single oral doses (5–500 mg, study 101; 500–800 mg, study 106) and multiple doses (50–400 mg once daily for 8 days, study 102) of S1RA. Safety and tolerability were assessed by adverse event reporting, clinical laboratory, physical examinations, vital signs and electrocardiography, including Holter monitoring. Pharmacodynamic assessments included computerized cognitive testing. Plasma samples were analyzed using validated HPLC‐MS/MS methods.RESULTS One hundred and seventy‐five subjects were enrolled. Single and multiple doses were safe and well tolerated, with no serious adverse events. The most common side effects were headache and dizziness. The highest single doses were associated with some mild to moderate transient CNS effects. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. There were no clinically significant changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG), 24 h Holter monitoring, or in vital signs and laboratory assessments. Subjective CNS pharmacodynamics evaluations showed no relevant differences vs. placebo. Cognitive testing showed no effects on visual memory, executive function, attention or somnolence, while revealing some transient slowing of response for simple reaction time and choice reaction time at 2 h following the administration of higher doses. A fast absorption, rapid distribution and slow elimination were observed (tmax 0.75–2.0 h, t1/2 compatible with once a day administration) and steady‐state was reached. No gender differences were observed.CONCLUSIONS S1RA exhibited an acceptable safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile in healthy subjects over the dose range studied.