bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Smoking Cessation Activities as Part of Oral Health Promotion Vary between Dental Care Providers Relative to the NHS/Private Treatment Mix Offered? A Study in West Yorkshire
Authors: Csikar Julia , Williams Sonia A , Beal John 
Published: April 2009

Objective To determine whether or not and to what extent health promotion and smoking cessation activities varied between dental practices relative to their National Health Service (NHS)/private treatment mix. Methods A piloted questionnaire was posted to all dental practitioners within West Yorkshire, with two follow-up mailings. Results The response rate was 50% (386/769) of dental practitioners within West Yorkshire. Respondents were dichotomised at the median according to the proportion of NHS/private patients seen (>89% NHS, described as ‘NHS-orientated practices’ [NHSOPs] and <90% NHS, referred to as ‘more privately-orientated practices’ [POPs]). Practice profiles: Compared with POPs, NHSOPs’ respondents had a significantly higher proportion of adult patients exempt from NHS charges (34% vs 57%), together with a higher proportion of children. Health promotion activities: there was no significant difference between the two groups of practitioners regarding the proportion claiming to give smoking cessation advice (42% vs 37%), although a higher proportion of those from POPs offered guidance on diet and nutrition (67% vs 54%; P<0.05). However, a significantly higher proportion of POP respondents reported (a) recording smoking status in the clinical notes, (b) giving out smoking-related leaflets, and (c) referring to an NHS ‘Stop Smoking Service’. NHSOP respondents were more likely to cite ‘lack of time’, ‘no incentive’ and ‘lack of expertise’ as potential barriers to providing health promotion advice. General: 7% of POP respondents thought that the new NHS contract arrangements would influence their smoking cessation activities versus 19% of NHSOP residents. Conclusions Considerable variation between NHSOPs and POPs was found when comparing aspects of their health promotion/smoking cessation activities. The findings identified here suggest that the current situation, with regard to the NHS, will tend to increase health inequalities.
The Prevalence of Orofacial Pain and Tooth Fracture (Odontocrexis) Associated with SCUBA Diving
Authors: Jagger Robert G , Shah Chand A , Weerapperuma Indika D , Jagger Daryll C 
Published: April 2009

Aim To assess the prevalence of orofacial complications associated with SCUBA (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) diving. Main outcome measures were prevalence of orofacial pain and odontocrexis. Method Two hundred divers at four dive centres on the north-east coast of Australia were asked to complete a questionnaire that requested information regarding diving experience and facial pain and dental symptoms experienced during diving. Results One hundred and twenty-five completed questionnaires were returned (63% response rate). The prevalence of reported orofacial pain was 44%. Twenty-one per cent reported toothache, 27% sinus pain, 16% jaw pain, and 12% other pain. The prevalence of odontocrexis was less than 1%. Less than 1% had lost a filling when diving. No divers reported a crown or bridge being dislodged during diving. Conclusion Among those who returned questionnaires, orofacial pain in divers was common and odontocrexis was rare.
Metacognitive monitoring and control processes involved in primary school children's test performance
Authors: Roebers Claudia M. , Schmid Corinne , Roderer Thomas 
Published: April 2009

Background Within the context of students' self‐regulated learning, the interplay between learners' individual characteristics and the context of testing have been emphasized for assessing learning outcomes.Aims The present study examined metacognitive monitoring and control processes in elementary schoolchildren's test taking behaviour and explored the impacts of these metacognitive skills for the accuracy and the quantity of test performance.Sample and methods A total of 133 participants from third and fifth grade did a cloze test about a previously learned science topic, gave confidence judgments for every answer, and were then allowed to cross‐out answers if they wished. Two different mock scoring schemes for test performance were compared with a control group.Results Results revealed well‐developed monitoring skills indicating that by the age of 9 children can reliably distinguish between correct and incorrect answers. As for control skills, 11‐ and 12‐year‐olds proved to be better able to improve their test performance by selectively withdrawing answers that would have been incorrect than the 9‐ to 10‐year‐olds.Conclusions The study offers evidence for the impact of metacognitive processes in students' learning outcomes and documents strategic behaviour during test taking, as well as developmental progression in the involved skills.
Integrated Reservoir Characterization and Performance Prediction: A Case Study of a West Texas Carbonate-Classic Reservoir
Authors: Ross J. Mike , Mansoori John , Chambers Rich 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The objectives were to perform a field study to:
Evaluate geostatistical techniques to integrate data. Compare reservoir descriptions with and without crosswell tomography data integrated. Determine if reservoir descriptions constrained by synthetic crosswell tomography data reduce uncertainty, compared to reservoir descriptions not constrained by synthetic tomography data. (i.e., Can the uncertainty in reservoir performance be reduced measurably if cross well tomography is acquired and used as additional data to constrain geostatistical reservoir descriptions?) Compare geostatistical to conventional reservoir descriptions. Assess uncertainty of reservoir performance (cumulative oil production, oil production rate, and water-oil ratio) for primary, secondary and tertiary production.
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in water
Authors: Farhadi Khalil , Farajzadeh Mir , Matin Amir , Hashemi Paria 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A simple and sensitive dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for extraction and preconcentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in water samples is presented. After adjusting the sample pH to 3, extraction was performed in the presence of 1% W/V sodium chloride by injecting 1 mL acetone as disperser solvent containing 15 μL tetrachloroethylene as extraction solvent. The proposed DLLME method was followed by HPLC-DAD for determination of PCP. It has good linearity (0.994) with wide linear dynamic range (0.1–1000 μg L−1) and low detection limit (0.03 μg L−1), which makes it suitable for determination of PCP in water samples.
Ultrasound assisted pseudo-digestion for determination of iron and manganese in citric acid fermentation mediums by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Pourhossein Alireza , Madani Masoud , Shahlaei Mohsen , Fakhri Kambiz , Alimohamadi Parisa , Amiri Maryam 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A sensitive, simple and rapid method for ultra-trace determination of iron and manganese based on ultrasound assisted pseudodigestion in citric acid fermentation medium samples (beet and cane molasses and raw sugar based mediums) is described. Parameters influencing pseudo-digestion, such as sonication time, sample mass and solvent system were fully optimized. Final solutions obtained upon sonication were analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The best conditions for metal pseudo-digestion were as follows: a 25, 30 and 20 min sonication time for beet molasses, cane molasses and raw sugar based medium samples, respectively, 0.7 g sample mass of raw sugar based samples, 0.5 g sample mass of molasses based samples and an extraction mixture of concentrated HNO3-H2O2, in 25 mL of solvent. Analytical results obtained for the two metals by ultrasound assisted pseudo-digestion and conventional wet digestion methods showed a good agreement. This method reduces the time required for all treatments (heating to dryness, cooling and separation) in comparison with conventional wet digestion method. The accuracy of the method was tested by comparing the obtained results with that of conventional wet digestion method.
A hydroxyaminophosphane derived from 2-imidazolidone and its unusual structure in solution
Authors: Kühl Olaf , Heiden Waltraud 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A novel hydroxyamino phosphane was synthesised through the reaction of 2-imidazolidinone with ClPPh2 and subsequently reaction of the resulting bisphosphino derivative with the Grignard reagent BrMgC5H11. The interaction of the pentyl substituent with one of the two phosphino groups and the structure in solution is shown by multinuclear NMR-spectroscopy..
Regional Observation and Sensors
Authors: El Jai Abdelhaq , Hamzaoui Houria 
Published: April 2009

Regional Observation and SensorsThe purpose of this short paper is to provide original results related to the choice of the number of sensors and their supports for general distributed parameter systems. We introduce the notion of extended sensors and we show that the observation error decreases when the support of a sensor is widened. We also show that the observation error decreases when the number of sensors increases.
Robust Fractional Adaptive Control Based on the Strictly Positive Realness Condition
Authors: Ladaci Samir , Charef Abdelfatah , Loiseau Jean 
Published: April 2009

Robust Fractional Adaptive Control Based on the Strictly Positive Realness ConditionThis paper presents a new approach to robust adaptive control, using fractional order systems as parallel feedforward in the adaptation loop. The problem is that adaptive control systems may diverge when confronted with finite sensor and actuator dynamics, or with parasitic disturbances. One of the classical robust adaptive control solutions to these problems makes use of parallel feedforward and simplified adaptive controllers based on the concept of positive realness. The proposed control scheme is based on the Almost Strictly Positive Realness (ASPR) property of the plant. We show that this condition implies also robust stability in the case of fractional order controllers. An application to Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) with a fractional order adaptation rule is provided with an implementable algorithm. A simulation example of a SISO robust adaptive control system illustrates the advantages of the proposed method in the presence of disturbances and noise.
Algebraic Condition for Decomposition of Large-Scale Linear Dynamic Systems
Authors: Górecki Henryk 
Published: April 2009

Algebraic Condition for Decomposition of Large-Scale Linear Dynamic SystemsThe paper concerns the problem of decomposition of a large-scale linear dynamic system into two subsystems. An equivalent problem is to split the characteristic polynomial of the original system into two polynomials of lower degrees. Conditions are found concerning the coefficients of the original polynomial which must be fulfilled for its factorization. It is proved that knowledge of only one of the symmetric functions of those polynomials of lower degrees is sufficient for factorization of the characteristic polynomial of the original large-scale system. An algorithm for finding all the coefficients of the decomposed polynomials and a general condition of factorization are given. Examples of splitting the polynomials of the fifth and sixth degrees are discussed in detail.
Effective Dual-Mode Fuzzy DMC Algorithms with On-Line Quadratic Optimization and Guaranteed Stability
Authors: Marusak Piotr , Tatjewski Piotr 
Published: April 2009

Effective Dual-Mode Fuzzy DMC Algorithms with On-Line Quadratic Optimization and Guaranteed StabilityDual-mode fuzzy dynamic matrix control (fuzzy DMC-FDMC) algorithms with guaranteed nominal stability for constrained nonlinear plants are presented. The algorithms join the advantages of fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno modeling and the predictive dual-mode approach in a computationally efficient version. Thus, they can bring an improvement in control quality compared with predictive controllers based on linear models and, at the same time, control performance similar to that obtained using more demanding algorithms with nonlinear optimization. Numerical effectiveness is obtained by using a successive linearization approach resulting in a quadratic programming problem solved on-line at each sampling instant. It is a computationally robust and fast optimization problem, which is important for on-line applications. Stability is achieved by appropriate introduction of dual-mode type stabilization mechanisms, which are simple and easy to implement. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested on a control system of a nonlinear plant—a distillation column with basic feedback controllers.
Semi-Markov-Based Approach for the Analysis of Open Tandem Networks with Blocking and Truncation
Authors: Oniszczuk Walenty 
Published: April 2009

Semi-Markov-Based Approach for the Analysis of Open Tandem Networks with Blocking and TruncationThis paper describes an analytical study of open two-node (tandem) network models with blocking and truncation. The study is based on semi-Markov process theory, and network models assume that multiple servers serve each queue. Tasks arrive at the tandem in a Poisson fashion at the rate λ, and the service times at the first and the second node are non-exponentially distributed with meanssAandsB, respectively. Both nodes have buffers with finite capacities. In this type of network, if the second buffer is full, the accumulation of new tasks by the second node is temporarily suspended (a blocking factor) and tasks must wait on the first node until the transmission process is resumed. All new tasks that find the first buffer full are turned away and are lost (a truncation factor). First, a Markov model of the tandem is investigated. Here, a two-dimensional state graph is constructed and a set of steady-state equations is created. These equations allow calculating state probabilities for each graph state. A special algorithm for transforming the Markov model into a semi-Markov process is presented. This approach allows calculating steady-state probabilities in the semi-Markov model. Next, the algorithms for calculating the main measures of effectiveness in the semi-Markov model are presented. In the numerical part of this paper, the author investigates examples of several semi-Markov models. Finally, the results of calculating both the main measures of effectiveness and quality of service (QoS) parameters are presented.
Qualitative and quantitative phytoseston changes in two different stream-order river segments over a period of twelve years (Grabia and Brodnia, central Poland)
Authors: Sumorok Beata , Żelazna-Wieczorek Joanna , Kostrzewa Krzysztofa 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Phytoseston studies were carried out at two sites near the town of Łask in the third orderstream segment of the Grabia River and the first order-stream segment of the Brodnia River, in two study periods: 1992-1993 and 2005-2006. Water and seston were sampled twice a month. The chemical parameters of N-NO3, P-PO4 and chlorophyll a were also determined. The aim of the studies was to determine the changes in the nutrient load of these ecosystems in the rivers studied over the course of 12 years and their influence on quantitative and qualitative phytoseston differentiation.
No important differences in the taxonomic composition of the phytoseston between the two rivers were observed. A high participation of diatoms (over 50%), in relation to other algal groups, was recorded in both rivers. Vegetation in the Brodnia River begins to develop one month earlier than in the Grabia River. The greatest changes in the seasonal rate of algal succession occurred in the spring and summer periods, while no considerable changes in seston composition were recorded in the fall or winter periods. A decrease in phytoseston quantity was observed in the second study period. Chlorophyll a content was significantly lower in 2005-2006 than that in 1992-1993.
Denitrification in the sediment of a eutrophic reservoir measured with the isotope pairing technique
Authors: Gruca-Rokosz Renata , Tomaszek Janusz , Koszelnik Piotr 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Denitrification rates in the bottom sediment of the Rzeszów Reservoir (southeastern Poland) were measured using the isotope pairing technique. At the stations studied rates were reported in the range of about 26 to 610 μmol N2 m-2 h-1, with the figures generally highest in summer. Simple and multiple regression analyses of relationships with selected abiotic factors gave rise to a model that revealed a statistically significant influence on rates of denitrification in the bottom sediment of the Rzeszów Reservoir due to concentrations of nitrate in overlying water, temperature, and the organic matter content in the sediment. The present study confirms that nitrate concentration in the overlying water is the main factor controlling sedimentary denitrification.
The influence of a long-term artificial aeration on the nitrogen compounds exchange between bottom sediments and water in Lake Długie
Authors: Brzozowska Renata , Gawrońska Helena 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The study was conducted on a degraded Lake Długie in Olsztyn (surface area 26.8 ha, max depth 17.3 m) restored in 1987 - 2000 with the method of the artificial aeration with destratification. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the applied method on the exchange of nitrogen compounds between the bottom sediments and overlying water. The results revealed that the applied method caused a decrease of nitrogen release from the bottom sediments and influenced the content of this component in the sediments. The observed changes may have been the effect of the intensification of the coupled nitrification-denitrification processes occurring in the aquatic conditions modified by the restoration.
The use of benthic diatoms in estimating water quality of variously polluted rivers
Authors: Szczepocka Ewelina , Szulc Bogusław 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Two rivers situated in Central Poland, the Bzura and the Pilica, were selected for analysis of their water quality using benthic diatom species as indicators. The Bzura River has previously been strongly contaminated with organic pollutants, while the Pilica River has been classified as having good water quality. Samples were collected from nine sites along the Bzura in April 2003 and seven sites along the Pilica in April 2006. The main aims of the study were to determine the dominant diatom species present in the rivers and to assess their usefulness as biological indicators. Water quality of the rivers was estimated on the basis of the SPI - Specific Pollution sensitivity Index (CEMAGREF 1982) and the GDI - Generic Diatom Index (Coste, Ayphassorho 1991) while trophic status was estimated using TDI - Trophic Diatom Index (Kelly, Whitton 1995).
Indices determining saprobic water pollution (SPI, GDI) indicated water quality of class III and IV for the Bzura River and class II and III for the Pilica River. The trophic status determined on the basis of the TDI index revealed the Bzura water to be classified in the eutrophic-to-hypertrophic zone and that of the Pilica River to the oligo-mesotrophic-to-eutrophic zone.
The diatom taxa that dominated in the Bzura River were species that are generally considered to be tolerant and resistant with respect to organic water pollution, including: Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing, Gomphonema parvulum (Kützing) Kützing, Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W. Smith, Nitzschia paleacea Grunow, Sellaphora pupula (Kützing) Mereschkovsky, Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grunow, Ulnaria ulna (Nitzsch) Compere. In the Pilica River diatoms from groups that are sensitive and tolerant to organic pollution were seen to dominate, such as: Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki, Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsen, Cocconeis neodiminuta Krammer, Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg, Cocconeis placuntula var. lineata (Ehrenberg) Grunow, Cyclotella radiosa (Grunow) Lemmermann, Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton, Geissleria decussis (Øestrup) Lange-Bertalot et Metzeltin, Melosira varians Agardh, Navicula reichardtiana Lange-Bertalot, Planothidium frequentissimum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot, Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grunow) Williams & Round, Rhoicosphenia abbreviata (Agardh) Lange-Bertalot and Staurosira pinnata Ehrenberg.
Object-oriented classification of QuickBird data for mapping seagrass spatial structure
Authors: Urbański Jacek , Mazur Aleksandra , Janas Urszula 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
QuickBird satellite images were processed using object-based analysis to map the spatial structure of seagrass in sandy shoal habitat in the southern Baltic Sea. A three-level ecological model of seagrass landscape, composed of meadows, beds and patches/gaps, was implemented in the multi-scale object domain. Image segmentation was performed at different spatial scales. In order to determine representative scales for bed level and patch/gap level objects, histograms of delineated objects were analyzed. Using object-oriented classification methods, two hierarchically nested maps of seagrass spatial structure were created. The map of patches/gaps was created using the nearest neighbor classification method in the feature space defined by the mean value of band 2 and the value of the proposed seagrass index. Overall map accuracy was 83%. The second map, which depicted the cover density of seagrass beds, was created on the basis of hierarchical relationships between objects at two chosen spatial scale levels. Both maps were exported as vector objects to GIS. Vector-based mapping of seagrass landscape structures at two scales simultaneously provides new possibilities for using landscape metrics and time change detection methods.
Testing of IQ™ 200 Automated Urine Analyzer Analytical Performances in Comparison with Manual Techniques
Authors: Čabarkapa Velibor , Đerić Mirjana , Stošić Zoran 
Published: April 2009

Testing of IQ™ 200 Automated Urine Analyzer Analytical Performances in Comparison with Manual Techniques
Automation is necessary in laboratory systems. It enables reduction of time required for sample analysis, as well as standardization of methods. However, automation of urine control in laboratories is much less common than in hematological analyses. Not long ago, the necessary automated systems for urine analysis have also been developed. The objective of this study is a comparison of the IQ™ 200 automated system for urine analyzing with standardized manual urine analyzing techniques. Comparative analysis of 300 samples was performed by the IQ™ 200 system and by the standardized methods of manual microscopy and chemical urine analysis. The results acquired point to very high compatibility between urine analyses by manual techniques and by the automated system IQ™ 200, and in some analyses IQ™ 200 showed higher sensitivity. It can be concluded, with the aim of standardization and shortening of time required for urine analysis, that utilization of automated urine analyzing systems is recommendable, especially in institutions with a large number of daily analyses. This is also supported by the fact that operation procedure on automated systems is much more simple in comparison to manual techniques.