bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Care in Warfare
Authors: Šustrová Radka 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5, dedicated to health, discusses and verifies the function and accessibility of health care. The requirement to remain healthy fundamentally conditioned the labour capacity of the workers and emphasised the importance of preventive and curative health care. The general availability of health care was one of the conditions of the labour capacity of the population, and, therefore, maintaining the health of the population was one of the main priorities of the occupation’s policies. Under the Nazi Protectorate, health became a regular topic with the campaign against infectious diseases, the propagation of basic rules of hygiene, and the creation of a network of nursing and medical facilities, etc. During the occupation, the institutional framework underwent a fundamental change, and measures to stop the spread of infectious diseases were improved. One of the main trends that emerged was increased economic and organisational pressure on Protectorate insurance companies and the strong disciplinary demand placed on doctors and patients. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the Czech expertise on occupational medicine.
Family Policies for Segregated Nations
Authors: Šustrová Radka 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 analyses the family, which is the facet of society most studied by researchers focussing on National Socialism. The family was the central object of all socio-political efforts and especially of German policies on racial hygiene and population. Family policy was very exclusionary and, compared to labour and health policies, it offers a clearer insight into the social practice of differentiating between individual ethnic communities. A major complication for occupation officials was the thorough intermixing of the Czech and German populations. In the Czech context, the emphasis on population issues was mainly connected to the long-term decline in the Czech birth rate and the high levels of infant mortality. After the Autumn Revolution, the Czech political elite were sympathetic to the case for the ‘biological reproduction’ of the Czech nation (which continued in post-war Czechoslovakia). The Nazi population policy therefore offered an attractive model of political reform, which is why Czech politicians promoted initiatives such as newlywed loans. In terms of the care of the Protectorate population, various forms of aid were created for people in need. The chapter ends with a look at the data and a discussion of the growth and condition of the Czech population, as presented by Czech physicians, demographers, and statisticians.
The 5th-Century Challenge to Justice
Authors: Anderson Merrick 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses the 5th Century sophistic challenge to justice by focusing on two sophistic texts, the ‘Sisyphus Fragment’ of unknown authorship and fragment B44 from Antiphon’s On Truth. The authors of these texts—the Moral Cynics—denied that the gods could be counted on to support justice and almost systematically objected to the five theses of The Traditional View of Justice. It is argued that their naturalistic assumptions led them to reject the value of justice and instead conclude that an individual concerned to prosper would do better to be selectively unjust. With the interventionist gods out of the picture, these sophists realised that people were the only agents around to punish violations of injustice; they, therefore, encouraged a calculated and secret sort of injustice that could win for the individual money, power, and pleasure without punishment. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of two non-sophistic texts that attest to the broad impact that this challenge to justice had on Greek society.
Transition to Plato
Authors: Anderson Merrick 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins by summing up the results of the 5th Century debate and by highlighting its philosophical significance. Despite offering impressive responses to the Moral Cynics and making notable contributions to early ethical and political thought, the Friends of Justice failed to prove that justice is more profitable than injustice. The chapter next argues that that Plato was keenly aware of this debate: not only was he interested in the sophists quite generally, but two dialogues in particular include arguments very much like those made by the 5th Century Cynics and the Friends. Gorgias features a pair of interlocutors who believe that injustice is more profitable than justice, one of whom also advocates an extreme sort of hedonism reminiscent of certain Cynics. Protagoras includes a sophist who offers a defence of justice so close to the one earlier found in the Anonymous Iamblichi that they must be two iterations of the same argument.
Further Sophistic Echoes
Authors: Anderson Merrick 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The last two chapters argued that Plato was alive to the theoretical failings of the 5th Century Friends of Justice and that he constructed the central argument of Republic to avoid those failings. The present chapter shows that Plato not only learned from the failures of past moralists: in at least two specific places one can detect the positive influence of the past Friends. The form of Socrates’ argument defending the claim that the just life is best has been taken over directly from Glaucon’s earlier contribution to the dialogue, which, as was argued in Chapter Five, was itself influenced by past moralists. Socrates’ discussion of the origin and essence of justice also employs an important philosophical move plausibly derived from AI. Attending to the ways that Plato drew from the successes of past moralists confirms that he was a Friend of Justice offering a return to The Traditional View of Justice.
Pengembangan Kapasitas Kelembagaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) Desa Oabikase Kecamatan Insana Barat Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara (TTU)
Authors: Nursalam Nursalam , David R.E.Selan  , Laurensius P.Sayrani  , Petrus E.de Rozari  , Ajis Salim A.Djaha  , Yoao A. Soares  , Alfred O.Ena Mau  
Published: May 2024

Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) merupakan lembaga ekonomi pedesaan dikelola pemerintah desa dalam rangka memberikan dukungan terhadap pelayanan pemerintah desa dan mensejahterakan masyarakat desa. Beberapa tujuan yang sangat urgen dari pendirian BUMDes, yaitu untuk (a) meningkatkan perekonomian desa; (b) mengoptimalkan aset desa agar bermanfaat bagi kesejahteraan desa dan; (c) membuka lapangan kerja. Data empirik tentang kegiatan BUMDes di desa Oabikase Kecamatan Insana Barat Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, baru sebatas penyewaan Sound Sistem, kursi, dan alat musik, padahal potensi yang dimiliki adalah pertanian, perkebunan, peternakan, dan kerajinan tenun ikat. BUMDes Oabikase sebenarnya dapat ditingkatkan lagi dan diperluas kegiatan usahanya, namun terkendala pada kapasitas kelembagaan BUMDes yang masih lemah. Solusi dari permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam rangka meningkatkan produktivitas dan efektivitas manajemen usaha dapat dilakukan dengan cara pengembangan kapasitas kelembagaan BUMDes Desa Oabikase. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh tim PPM Prodi Doktor Administrasi Publik Fisip Undana bertujuan memberikan Pendidikan kepada masyarakat berkaitan dengan Pengembangan Kapasitas Lembaga BUMDes, yang dilaksanakan di Desa Oabikase Kecamatan Insana Barat Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. Bentuk kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah memberikan Pendidikan kepada masyarakat (Pengurus BUMDes dan aparat Desa tentang pengembangan kapasitas organisasi yang terdiri dari penataan organisasi dan pengembangan ekonomi lembaga. Pelaksanaan PPM dinilai berhasil karena peserta dapat memahami konsep Penataan organisasi dan pengembangan ekonomi lembaga. Selain keberhasilan pelaksanaan juga diukur dari tingkat kehadiran peserta PPM yang berjumlah 75 dari undangan yang telah disampaikan.
Pengaruh Pemberian Susu Kedelai ( Glycine Max) Terhadap Gula Darah Tikus Yang Diinduksi Aloksan
Authors: Widiasari Santi , Rahmadianti Hervani  
Published: May 2024

Diabetes mellitus DM adalah suatu penyakit kronis dimana organ pankreas tidak memproduksi cukup insulin atau ketika tubuh tidak efektif dalam menggunakannya. Data dari Riskesdas 2013 menunjukkan angka kejadian DM di Indonesia sebanyak 2,1% mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan dengan tahun 2007.Metformin sebagai obat anti diabetes oral pilihan pertama memiliki efek samping berupa gangguan gastrointestinal seperti diare, mual, muntah, dan perut kembung. Susu kedelai mengandung protein tinggi dan senyawa lesitin, yang mempunya fungsi untuk keseimbangan metabolisme dalam pengendalian glukosa darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian susu kedelai terhadap gula darah tikus yang diinduksi aloksan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan pre and post test control group. sampel menggunakan 30 ekor tikus wistar berusia 2-3 bulan. Sampel dibagi dalam 5 kelompok secara acak. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penurunan kadar glukosa darah terlihat signifikan pada kelompok perlakuan 1 dengan dosis 15 ml/hari, dengan rerata penurunan 112,00 dengan pemberian susu kedelai selama 14 hari.
Potensi Madu Kelulut (Heterotrigona Itama) Sebagai Inhibitor IL6 Dengan pendekatan In Silico
Authors: Samsul Hadi  , Rahmadina Nazwa , Ramadani Rizka 
Published: May 2024

Inflamasi merupakan kondisi peradangan yang disertai rasa sakit dan demam. Pada umumnya obat antiinflamasi bekerja dengan inhibitor enzim siklooksigenase dan phospholipase A2 yang berperan dalam mensintesis mediator inflamasi seperti prostaglandin dan tromboksan. Berbagai penelitian dikembangkan untuk mencari agen terapi yang lebih efektif dan memiliki resiko yang lebih rendah baik gejala peradangan akut ataupun konsekuensi jangka panjang dari penyakit radang kronis. Salah satu pendekatan yang dilakuan adalah mengembangkan inhibitor IL6. Metode yang dilakukan adalah screening senyawa aktif menggunakan in silico. Software docking yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah PLANTS dan visualisasi interaksi menggunakan discovery studio, bahan yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah senyawa yang terkandung dalam madu kelulut (Heterotrigona itama) dan protein IL6 dengan kode 5FUC. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah skor docking bernilai negative dibawah - 40, sehingga reaksi yang terjadi antara ligand dan protein akan berjalan spontan yaitu Ferulic acid: -45.783; p-Coumaric acid: -51.803; trans-Cinnamic acid: -75.999; Salicylic acid: -60.056. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini didapatkan senyawa dengan nilai skor terendah yaitu trans-Cinnamic acid.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Kasir Pada Restoran Razakku
Authors: Betry Cantika  , Debi Setiawan  
Published: May 2024

Aplikasi Point of Sale (POS) merupakan perangkat lunak yang dirancang untuk mencatat transaksi penjualan pada restoran Razakku untuk membantu kegiatan operasional dan mempercepat proses pelayanan restoran sehingga pelayanan terhadap pelanggan dapat ditingkatkan. Perancangan system informasi POS pada restroan ini bertujuan agar membuat system yang terkomputerisasi yang dapat digunakan pada sebuah Restoran dalam menjalakan kegiatan tensaksi jual beli dimana dalam kegiatan tersebut selalu membutuhkan system informasi. Pada penelitian ini dirancanglah suatu system informasi berbasis desktop yang menggunakan bahasa pemograman visual basic 2012. Dengan system ini diharapkan mampu mengatasi kebutuhan dari pegawai untuk melakukan transaksi kepada pembeli serta memudahkan admin melakukan proses pengecekkan data penjualan.
Copyright Protection of Digital Content in Vietnam’s Internet Age
Authors: Kim Hieu Bui , Anh Dao Nguyen Ngoc , Van Phuoc Nguyen , Van Phuoc Nguyen 
Published: May 2024

The digital content sector in Vietnam is viewed as a "new gold mine”, with a multi-billion-dollar industry. We look at Vietnam's legislative framework for copyright protection, which includes both Intellectual Property, and Cybersecurity Laws. The paper contends that while technology can help address some of the issues of preserving digital content, it is not a cure-all and must be used together with legal and educational measures. The significance of international cooperation in preserving digital content is highlighted. Finally, this research presents a complete analysis of Vietnam's current legal framework for copyright protection of digital information, as well as an assessment of the obstacles and limitations in enforcing these laws. It further highlights the importance of international collaboration in digital content protection and asks for increased efforts to deepen cooperation in this area, and is aimed at policymakers, legal professionals, and scholars interested in copyright protection and digital material in Vietnam.
Új és hithű eretnekség
Authors: Bognárné Horgosi Anikó 
Published: May 2024

A Palgrave Handbook of Radical Theology című kötet 2018-ban jelent meg a Palgrave Macmillan Radikális teológiák és filozófiák (Radical Theologies and Philosophies) sorozatának tagjaként, amelynek fókuszában posztteista gondolkodást tükröző művek állnak. Maga a kötet közel egy évtizedes előkészítést követően öltött formát, bizonyos mértékig az Egyesült Államok politikai és ekkleziológiai válságának sürgetésére (3. o.). A szerkesztők, Christopher D. Rodkey és Jordan E. Miller olyan széles látószögű bevezetést nyújtó szakkönyvet kívántak létrehozni, amely kiindulópont lehet a téma iránt érdeklődő kutatók és hallgatók számára. Egy számtalan irányban burjánzó „teológiai ellenkultúra” világába kívánják bevezetni az olvasót, és nem titkolt szándékuk, hogy a kötet olyan új inspirációt nyújtson, amely új szövegek és énekek megszületését, új tanúságtételt és ellenállást, olyan „új és hűséges eretnekséget” hoz létre, amely képes a keresztény/teológiai diskurzus jövőjét formálni.
ON THE MODEL OF INNOVATIVE SYSTEM OF MIGRANT CHILDREN LANGUAGE ADAPTATION IN THE CONTEXT OF INTEGRATIVE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING: PROBLEM STATEMENT AND MODEL DESIGN EXPERIENCE
Authors: БРЕУСОВА Е.И. , РУДНЕВА О.В. 
Published: May 2024

Миграционные потоки в ХМАО–Югру остро ставят вопрос о языковой адаптации детей-мигрантов. Многие из них, поступая в школу, сталкиваются с пробле- мой незнания русского — государственного — языка или слабого владения им для получения образования. В статье транслируется опыт разработки модели инновационной системы языковой адаптации детей-мигрантов в условиях интегративного обучения русскому языку, кото- рая позволит сократить период адаптации таких школьников. Данная модель строилась на основе обобщения опыта деятельности МБОУ СОШ № 22 им. Г. Ф. Пономарева по работе с детьми-мигрантами. Структурные элементы, в том числе и инновационные, и алгоритм функционирования модели еще ждут своего подробного описания.
Migration flows in the Khanty–Mansiysk Autonomous District sharply raise the problem of migrant children language adaptation. Many of them, starting school, face the problem of not knowing Russian (the state language) or have a poor command of it for education purposes. The article presents the experience of developing a model of an innovative system of migrant children language adaptation in the context of integrative Russian language learning. The model implementation is aimed at the reduction of these schoolchildren adaptation period. The model is based on the analysis and generalization of the working experience with migrant children in the municipal budgetary educational institution of secondary education School No. 22 named after G. F. Ponomaryov. Structural elements, including innovative ones, and the algorithm of the model functioning are to be described in perspective.
Interaction of water soluble chitosan with multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Feng Wei , Li Ying , Ji Peijun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA water soluble chitosan derivative (p‐chitosan) was synthesized and used to functionalize multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) through the noncovalent interaction. The interaction of p‐chitosan with MWCNTs was investigated by analyzing the spectra of ultraviolet‐visible, Fourier transform infrared, Raman, and X‐ray photoelectron. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to study the interaction as well. The results of the circular dichroism spectra indicate that, the interaction of p‐chitosan with MWCNT makes p‐chitosan less regularly structured. It was found that the interaction of p‐chitosan with MWCNTs at a lower temperature is stronger than that at a higher temperature; pH conditions affect the interaction between p‐chitosan and MWCNTs. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Periodic section modeling of convective continuous powder mixing processes
Authors: Gao Yijie , Ierapetritou Marianthi , Muzzio Fernando 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study aims to develop a general model of the convective continuous mixing process. The main idea is that continuous mixing can be considered as a combination of powder flow and mixing processes. Although powder flow is characterized by the residence time distribution (RTD), powder mixing can be described by a batch mixing process simulated in one periodic section of the continuous mixer. By characterizing the two processes separately, we can calculate the number of sections required to achieve certain homogeneity. In this study, continuous mixing is simulated using the discrete element method, and segregating and non‐segregating mixing cases are tested to investigate the applicability of the model. Results show satisfactory predictions by the model, which is able to characterize the continuous mixing performance of both mixing cases. On the basis of this study, we were also able to suggest a novel method in design and control of continuous powder mixing systems. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 2012
Modeling multistream heat exchangers with and without phase changes for simultaneous optimization and heat integration
Authors: Kamath Ravindra S. , Biegler Lorenz T. , Grossmann Ignacio E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA new equation‐oriented process model for multistream heat exchangers (MHEX) is presented with a special emphasis on handling phase changes. The model internally uses the pinch concept to ensure the minimum driving force criteria. Streams capable of phase change are split into substreams corresponding to each of the phases. A novel disjunctive representation is proposed that identifies the phases traversed by a stream during heat exchange and assigns appropriate heat loads and temperatures for heat integration. The disjunctive model can be reformulated to avoid Boolean (or integer) variables using inner minimization and complementarity constraints. The model is suitable for optimization studies, particularly when the phases of the streams at the entry and exit of the MHEX are not known a priori. The capability of the model is illustrated using two case studies based on cryogenic applications. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Validation of the similar particle assembly (SPA) model for the fluidization of Geldart's group A and D particles
Authors: Mokhtar M. A. , Kuwagi K. , Takami T. , Hirano H. , Horio M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe similar particle assembly (SPA) model proposed for large‐scale discrete element method simulation was validated. The SPA model describes the scaling law for the motion of particles in an assembly, which is derived from the equation of motion of a particle. In the SPA model, particles with similar physical or chemical properties are represented by a single particle, which is called the representative particle. The local assembly of particles in the original bed is supposed to be maintained in the bed with the representative particles. The SPA model was validated by numerical simulations of a 2D fluidized bed of noncohesive and cohesive particles. Using the SPA model, the flow behavior of the representative particles of a certain magnification can be made similar to that of the original particles with significantly less computational load. A good approximation of bubble size distribution between the SPA bed and the original bed was obtained. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Probability density function simulation of turbulent reactive gas‐solid flow in a FCC riser
Authors: Prasad Vegendla Suryanarayana , Heynderickx Geraldine J. , Marin Guy B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA newly developed hybrid solution algorithm applicable on turbulent multiphase, gas‐solid, reactive flows is presented. A finite volume (FV) and a probability density function (PDF) method are combined. The FV technique is used to solve the total mass and momentum conservation equations together with the k‐ε turbulence equation for the gas phase and the granular temperature equation for the solid phase. The PDF method is applied to solve the species continuity equations and avoids the need to model the chemical source terms in the latter. Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are introduced as replicas of the transported composition PDF equations. The notional‐particle‐based Monte‐Carlo technique is used to solve the PDF model equations. The hybrid FV/PDF solution algorithm is applied to simulate a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser using a 12‐lump kinetic model. A good agreement between simulated results and available plant data is obtained. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Prediction of turbulent gas‐solid flow in a duct with a 90° bend using an Eulerian‐Lagrangian approach
Authors: Njobuenwu Derrick O. , Fairweather Michael , Yao Jun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA dilute, particle‐laden turbulent flow in a square cross‐sectioned duct with a 90° bend is modeled using a three‐dimensional Eulerian‐Lagrangian approach. Predictions are based on a second‐moment turbulence closure, with particles simulated using a Lagrangian particle tracking technique, coupled to a particle‐wall interaction algorithm and a random Fourier series method used to model particle dispersion. The performance of the model is tested for a gas‐solid flow in a horizontal‐to‐vertical duct, with predictions showing good agreement with experimental data. In particular, the consistent use of anisotropic and fully three‐dimensional approaches throughout yields predictions that result in fluctuating particle velocities in acceptable agreement with data. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
An experimental study of Mesler entrainment on a surfactant‐covered interface: The effect of drop shape and Weber number
Authors: Mills B. H. , Saylor J. R. , Testik F. Y. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMesler entrainment is the formation of large numbers of small bubbles which occurs when a drop strikes a liquid reservoir at a relatively low velocity. Existing studies of Mesler entrainment have focused almost exclusively on water as the working fluid in a nominally clean state, where even very small levels of contamination can cause significant changes in surface tension that affect the repeatability of the results. Herein water combined with the soluble surfactant Triton X‐100 is used as the working fluid in an attempt to stabilize the state of the water surface. Despite this approach, nominally identical drops did not always result in the same bubble formation event. Accordingly, Mesler entrainment was quantified by its frequency of occurrence for drops having the same nominal diameter and impact velocity. This frequency of occurrence was found to be well correlated to both the Weber number and the shape of the drop on impact. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012