bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bending, electroadhesion and sensing performances of single compliant electrode dielectric elastomer actuator based on SEBS gel
Authors: Liu Yi , Yao Jinlong , Liu Ying Dan , Liang Yongri 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have great potential for application in soft robotics due to their ability to undergo substantial deformations, rapid response times, and high energy density when subjected to external electrical stimuli. However, the application of DEAs in the field of soft grippers is limited by their restricted direct electro-bending capability, output force, self-sensing capacity, and pre-stretching requirement. In this study, we fabricated a single compliant electrode DEA (SCE-DEA) which was made by sandwiching a compliant electrode between two layers of poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene) (SEBS)/white mineral oil (WO) dielectric elastomer films. The SCE-SEBS/WO was demonstrated to have the capacities of bending, sensing, and electroadhesion (EA). The SCE-SEBS/WO can be used in various soft actuator modes, such as the unipolar EA actuator, soft gripper, and soft vibrator. The grabbing mechanism of SCE-SEBS/WO-based soft grippers with opposite bipolar configuration is caused by electric field induced bending of SEC-SEBS/WO and subsequent electrostatic attraction between both SEC-SEBS/WO. The SEC-SEBS/WO based soft grippers have rapid response detachment, and ability to grasp various types of objects. Three-layer stacked SCE-SEBS/WO-60 (with 60 wt% of WO) exhibited 531 mN cm−2 of EA stress on the paper at 3.0 kV applied voltage, and the soft gripper made by four SCE-SEBS/WO-60 can successfully grab wood blocks weighing 162.4 g at 5 kV applied voltage. The sensing capacity of SCE-SEBS/WO based soft gripper was based on the bending strain dependent resistance changes of the compliant electrode. Our results provide new insights into the fabrication of DEA based soft grippers.
Experimental investigations of the effects of bending vibrations resonance modes on penetration into granular materials
Authors: Alaei Varnosfaderani Mahdi , Wu Nan , Maghoul Pooneh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Inspired by the bending vibration observed in the biological locomotions such as those found in snakes, horned lizards, and sandfish, we have developed a novel vibro probe utilizing bending resonance modes to study the bending vibration effects in assisting penetration into granular materials. This approach contrasts with traditional probes that rely on longitudinal vibrations for penetration. This newly developed probe was used to experimentally investigate the impact of bending vibration in reducing the required penetration force and enhancing the penetration process within granular materials such as lunar or Martian regolith. The bending vibrations were excited by thin piezo patches attached to the probe’s machined surface without increasing the probe’s outside diameter. This simple mechanism enables pushing the whole probe inside the granular materials. Experimental modal analysis was employed to determine the resonance frequencies of the probe. Subsequently, the probe was pushed into granular materials, both with and without the bending vibrations, by a linear actuator. Experimental results indicated that employing bending vibration in one direction led to a reduction in penetration force by up to 27% while utilizing two directions resulted in a reduction of up to 42%. Additionally, when the probe stopped penetrating the soil due to insufficient axial force, bi-directional bending vibration proved more effective in swiftly fluidizing the surrounding soil. These findings highlight the efficacy of bending vibrations in compact subsurface drilling tools.
Local bit-level image encryption algorithm based on one dimensional zero excluded chaotic map
Authors: Feng Xiaogang , Han Guankai , Yan Fengying , Shen Dongkui , Pang Zongbin , Li Qi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The exchange of digital images on the internet has become more convenient, but it has also led to increasing security concerns. Image encryption differs from text encryption, as inherent features such as massive data volume and high pixel correlation make it challenging to apply traditional AES and DES methods to images. This paper introduces a novel local bit-level image encryption algorithm based on chaos. Firstly, a new one-dimensional chaos system named the One-Dimensional Zero Excluded Chaotic Map (1D-ZECM) is designed, possessing features such as approximate global chaos, a broad chaos range, and high Lyapunov exponents, making it well-suited for cryptography. To resist brute force attacks, a hash function is employed to generate the encryption system’s key, further enhanced by using the 1D-ZECM to derive the key stream for the cryptographic system. Unlike traditional encryption methods that encrypt all 8 bits of a pixel, this algorithm focuses on the first six bits of each pixel during the encryption process, as the lower two bits contain less image information. In the diffusion process, the key stream generated by the 1D-ZECM is combined with mod and XOR operations to diffuse the rearranged image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed encryption algorithm exhibits high security and can resist common attacks. Moreover, when compared to representative algorithms, the proposed algorithm demonstrates better security and efficiency. The encryption algorithm presented in this paper provides a high-quality encrypted output.
Is 3% Eu3+ doping in ZnO unique? An investigative case study of photocatalytic descriptors using multiparameter approach
Authors: Tahir Asma , Jan Tabee , Irshad Iqra , Ganie Asif , ul Islam Zubair , Want Basharat 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The study focused on synthesizing Europium (Eu3+) doped ZnO hybrid materials using a hydrothermal method, aiming to create Eu3+: ZnO nanocomposites, which were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), & Tunneling electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The XRD pattern obtained verifies the successful incorporation of Europium (Eu3+) into Zinc-Oxide (ZnO) host matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed uniform distribution of ZnO, though agglomeration increased with higher Eu3+ concentrations. The photocatalytic efficiency of these nanocomposites was evaluated by degrading the antibiotic Rifampicin under UV–visible light, where the variant with 3 wt% Eu3+ showed the highest degradation rate (approximately 90% in 90 min). This suggests that the optimal doping concentration for enhanced photocatalytic activity is Eu3+: ZnO −3 wt%. Additional assessments using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Photocurrent Measurements, and UV-visible spectroscopy supported this finding, highlighting the peak efficiency at this specific doping level.
Experimental study of taper shape bistable beam for improved vibration energy harvesting
Authors: Tamrakar Rohit , Vardhan Reddy Vishnu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Unwanted vibrations cause discomfort and affect the accuracy of the machinery. Vibrations of low frequency (<30 Hz) are usually inutile. Various researchers focus on harvesting and enhancing energy output through low-frequency vibrations. This paper focuses on improving energy harvesting from low-frequency vibration sources through taper shape (TAP) bistable beam fabricated using thin Piezoelectric Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film sandwiched between thin copper and aluminium films on both sides. Voltage power output through a PVDF film depends on the film’s strain distribution; hence, in this study, five different beam designs are studied for strain distribution through the ANSYS workbench. Further, an experimental harmonic analysis study for voltage output is performed on rectangular beam (RECT) and TAP beam for both straight and bistable configuration using three different harmonic input conditions, which concluded that the voltage output for the TAP beam is much more than that of the RECT beam, with a much more significant voltage output increase in bistable conditions for all three harmonic input conditions.
Investigation of the resilience of cyclically actuated pine cone scales of Pinus jeffreyi
Authors: Ulrich Kim , Genter Lukas , Schäfer Simon , Masselter Tom , Speck Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The resilience of pine cone scales has been investigated in the context of current architectural efforts to develop bioinspired passive façade shading systems that can help regulate the indoor climate. As previously shown for other species, separated tissues of Pinus jeffreyi pine cone scales show independent hygroscopic bending. The blocking force that pine cone scales can generate during a closing movement is shown to be affected by the length, width and mass of the scales. After cyclically actuating pine cone scales by submerging and drying them for 102 cycles and comparing their functional characteristics measured in the undamaged and damaged state, they were still able to achieve 97% of their undamaged blocking force and torque and over 94% of their undamaged opening angle. Despite evidence of cracking within the sclereid cell layer and extensive delamination of sclerenchyma fibres, no loss of function was observed in any tested pine cone scale. This functional resilience and robustness may allow P. jeffreyi trees to continue seed dispersal for longer periods of time and to reliably protect seeds that have not yet been released. These results have contributed to a better understanding of the pine cone scale and may provide inspiration for further improving the long-term performance of passive, hygro-sensitive façade shading systems.
Slow biological microplastics removal under ocean pollution phase-out trajectories
Authors: Azimrayat Andrews Zhenna , Kvale Karin , Hunt Claire 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in marine environments and can be incorporated into biological aggregates including marine snows and faecal pellets. These aggregates are suspected to be a major removal mechanism for microplastics from the surface ocean, transporting them to deeper levels and the seafloor as they sink and remineralise. However, simple budget calculations, observations, and model parameter testing suggest that aggregation might also lead to retention of microplastics in the upper ocean, sustaining contamination in biologically-productive environments. The ability of the biological microplastic sink to reduce water column contamination has relevance to the setting of ocean plastics pollution reduction targets, as are currently under negotiation by the International Negotiating Committee of the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA). Here we apply eight idealised global pollution reduction trajectories, from 1%–100% per year, starting from the year 2026 and ending in the year 2100 to an Earth System Climate Model with a representation of ocean microplastics and their aggregation in biological particles. We find that the global ocean microplastic inventory and surface concentrations stabilize within this century for reduction rates exceeding 5% per year but the inventory does not substantially decrease under any trajectory. Furthermore, microplastics are retained by marine biology in the surface ocean, where concentrations stabilise to a non-zero value over decades. Lastly we find that irrespective of scenario, contamination of deeper ocean layers continues to increase for the duration of our simulations via the export of microplastics by biological aggregates. These results suggest that ambitious targets for pollution reduction exceeding 5% per year will be required to progress the resolution of the UNEA to ‘end plastic pollution’ in this century, and that ongoing microplastic contamination of the marine food web may be unavoidable.
Toddy trees and rice-farms: understanding their support to ecology and livelihoods in Rote island
Authors: Koeslulat E E , Kotta N R E , Ngongo Y 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Toddy palm (Borassuss flabellifer, L.) plays a role as a staple food for the Rotenese on Rote Island, East Nusa Tenggara (ENT). Over decades, the national rice-bias policy in agricultural development has had an impact on changes in people’s food consumption, including Rotenese. The study aims to identify the Toddy palm’s changing area, a livelihood shift strategy related to those changes, and the economic and ecological support of toddy palm and rice crops for Rotenese’s livelihood. The methodology was a literature study and a survey with interviews of 15 toddy-rice farmers. The study revealed that farmers did not convert any toddy land because of expanding the rice area. Livelihood strategies are more carried out because of changes in farmers’ age than because of changes in land area. Changing was more on toddy’s product diversification. Toddy-rice crop farming has been proven to bring economic and ecological benefits to people on Rote Island. The decline in sap tappers numbers requires modern tapping technology to attract younger generations. The paper highlighted that it is important to maintain and preserve the toddy palm population/areas to guarantee food security and livelihoods for local communities that are highly dependent on it.
Fostering Food Security through Farmers’ Intentions to Embrace Climate-Smart Agriculture: Unraveling the Impact of Attitude, Subjective Norms, and Behavioral Control
Authors: Nugraha Riza , Wahib Muhaimin A. , Maulidah Silvana , Widya Putri Rosita , Maulidah Dwi Laila 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Food security is a global challenge exacerbated by climate change, especially in lower-income countries. Promoting the implementation of climate-smart agricultural techniques holds significant importance to addressing this issue. This research investigates how farmers’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control impact a certain aspect/area on their intention to adopt CSA practices, ultimately contributing to increased food security. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior framework, this study investigates how farmers’ attitudes toward CSAs, subjective norms within their social networks, and perceived ability to implement these practices influence their intentions to adopt CSAs. Data was collected through surveys and interviews with farmers in Cohen’s table to determine the required sample size. Our findings show that farmers’ attitudes towards CSA positively and significantly influence their intention to adopt climate-smart agricultural practices. Additionally, subjective norms are critical in shaping these intentions, indicating that social influence and support networks within farming communities are important in driving CSA adoption. Further, perceived behavioural control emerged as an important factor, highlighting the importance of farmers’ confidence in their ability to implement CSA practices. This research underscores the importance of encouraging positive attitudes, strengthening social networks, and building farmers’ confidence in adopting CSA practices to improve food security in lower-income countries. Policymakers, agricultural extension services, and development organizations can leverage these insights to formulate strategies and interventions to encourage the adoption of implementing climate-smart agriculture practices is essential to safeguard food security amidst the challenges posed by climate change.
Environmental and Climate Change Education for The Youth to Foster Social Transformation: Case Study in MTs PAKIS Banyumas, Central Java
Authors: Desmiwati Desmiwati , Budiman M Asyief K , As’attohara Budi Prabowo , Damanhuri Damanhuri , Novianti Wiwik , Isrodin Isrodin , Christian Yoppie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the school’s environmental education and climate change programs to offer suggestions for enhancement in MTs PAKIS (Islamic Junior High School of PAKIS). The study used interviews and observations to collect data for students, administrators, and parents, which was analyzed using qualitative methods. MTs PAKIS is an educational institution situated in a geographically remote region, with a primary emphasis on imparting knowledge to young individuals on environmental matters and climate change. This is achieved by integrating local wisdom and utilizing available resources within the surrounding hamlet. Students are provided with various academic disciplines encompassing agriculture, agroforestry, animal husbandry, biodiversity, and climate change. This educational experience equips individuals with essential skills and knowledge that may be efficiently applied in their future pursuits. The research found that educational institution has demonstrated efficacy in imparting knowledge and deterring early marriage and urban migration. It serves as a valuable foundation for prospective social transformation, fostering improved lifestyles regarding economic prosperity and environmental sustainability. Despite their achievements, educational institutions must prioritize teacher retention for long-term viability since they need help maintaining a stable roster of volunteer teachers.
HEI’s commitment on sustainability issue toward nation building: How Indonesia HEI policies conform to SDGs?
Authors: Hapsari Murti Ayu , Putri Wika Harisa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
higher education institutions (HEIs), and education in general, are playing a crucial role the discourse of promoting sustainability. HEIs have a substantial responsibility to increase awareness and access to the technology and resources required to build a sustainable future through education. HEIs have a substantial responsibility to increase awareness and access to the technology and resources to build a sustainable future through education, research, and policy recommendation. Therefore, strategic plan policies at many levels are required to be catalysts and key engines of social transformation in order to establish and encourage the best practices of sustainability in higher education. The paper aims to map and identify all of the patterns and characteristics of sustainability policies at Indonesian HEI and to what extend it contributed to the national sustainable policy. Data was collected by searching policy documents on each target university’s website using the terms “sustainability”, “green campus”, and “sustainable development”, “kampus hijau”, dan “berkelanjutan”. The analysis in this research has been limited by curating only the Top 10 Universities from listed in UI Greenmetrics of 2022. The result shows the pattern and characteristics of sustainability policy in Indonesia is still not adequately and systematically structured, Furthermore, several HEIs structured policies in order to comply with Greenmetrics’ regulations. In conclusion, the situation may be the result of the absence of a national-level policy in Indonesia that gives comprehensive guidance and blueprints for how sustainable practices and policies should be implemented at HEIs.
Genealogy of Green Mining in Europe and Asia
Authors: Gea Marinus , Sadalia Isfenti , Absah Yeni , Fachrudin Khaira Amalia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The green mining concept is a consequence of the world’s commitment to realizing sustainable economic development. This aims to maintain the availability of natural resources in the future by minimizing environmental and social damage due to mining. This article aims to explain the genealogy of green mining in Europe and Asia, as well as conditions encourage the formation of green mining regulations. This is important, considering that Indonesia has abundant natural resources and is committed to accelerating green economybased downstream programs. It is hoped that this study can become a preference for natural resource management, especially mining, that prioritizes sustainability. Our research used literature studies starting from searching, collecting, evaluating and analyzing relevant sources according to the research topic. We found that there were differences in the background to the emergence of the concept of green mining in Europe and Asia. Green mining in Europe stems from public awareness of climate change due to environmentally unfriendly mining processes. So, this awareness gives birth to environmentally friendly policies in the mining process. Meanwhile, in Asia, the emergence of green mining is caused by international policies that pressure countries in Asia both politically and economically to implement green mining. This shows that green mining is related to the geopolitical and geoeconomic spectrum.
Self-healable PVA-Borax-K2SO4 hydrogel electrolyte for flexible symmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Luan Van Hoang , Long Hoang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The self-healing hydrogel materials are formed from the reaction between polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium tetraborate (Borax). The O-B-C vibration peak from the FT-IR spectrum is used to confirm the formation of the self-healing hydrogel structure. With 0.5 M concentration K2SO4, the resistivity of PVA-Borax-K2SO4 material is evaluated by Bode cure and obtained at 4.13 Ω.cm. With the improvement in hybrid structure, the flexible supercapacitor (FSS) devices were fabricated from two carbon fiber fabrics as symmetric electrodes with a self-healing hydrogel material (PVA-Borax-K2SO4) as electrolyte and separator. The electrochemical performances of flexible symmetric supercapacitor (FSS) devices are measured by cyclic voltammetric, charge/discharge, and impedance tests. The specific capacitance of FSS obtained 1.725 mF/cm2 at 0.05 mA/cm2 discharge current. Moreover, the stability of the FSS device attained confirmation by the comparison of the specific capacitance at 2 and 50 cycles.
One-pot synthesis of zeolite NaX from agricultural waste for toluene removal application
Authors: Duy Bach Ngoc Nguyen , Anh Huynh Thi Phuong , Phuong Nguyen Thi Truc , Long Nguyen Quang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
One-pot conversion of rice-husk ash, which is a huge agriculture solid waste in Vietnam, to a valuable nanoporous material (zeolite FAU type X) is reported. Combined zeolite-TiO2 can be used as Adsorbent-Photocatalyst hybrid (APH) material for treatment of gaseous polluted VOCs. The combination of adsorption and photocatalyst methods in toluene treatment was investigated using TiO2-containing composites on zeolite X support which was successfully generated from one-pot synthesis method with rice husk ash from agricultural waste. The structural properties of the zeolite and the APH were examined by X-ray diffraction analysis, SEM and TGA, while the effect of hydrothermal time and temperature to the one-pot process of zeolite X synthesis was investigated. The ability to handle the toluene of this composite was also studied under humid and dry conditions at a concentration about 1000 ppmv. The results indicate the accomplishment of one-pot synthesis method in creating zeolite X materials with FAU structure and high crystallinity, along with the toluene treatment efficiency of APH materials when combined with TiO2 photocatalyst. This achievement encourages the implementation of one-pot synthesis process to create other VOCs treatment materials.