bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory characterisation and oxidative stability of walnut oil
Authors: Martínez Marcela , Barrionuevo Guillermina , Nepote Valeria , Grosso Nelson , Maestri Damián 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThis study was carried out in order to probe the extent of oxidative and flavour stability of walnut oil (WO) under conditions normally used for selling in retail markets, during a period of four months. Fresh WO was characterised by higher intensity ratings of nutty and oily film, and lesser ratings for pungent and astringent attributes. Low and similar values for sweetness and bitterness were also detected. The ratings for negative attributes (oxidised and painty) were close to zero. During the long‐term storage period, the extent of the oil oxidative degradation was more pronounced than flavour attributes deterioration. Peroxide values (PV), conjugated dienes and trienes increased significantly throughout the storage period, whereas tocopherol content and oxidative stability index showed significant reductions. Minor changes were observed in the overall flavour stability. Using a PV of 10 mequiv. O2 kg−1 oil as a quality criterion, WO stored in transparent glass bottles, exposed to fluorescent light (1100 Lux) and room temperature conditions, without addition of any antioxidant, could maintain an acceptable quality until two months of storage.
Identifying predictors of low health‐related quality of life among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: comparison between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis with disease duration
Authors: Jäghult Susanna , Saboonchi Fredrik , Johansson Unn‐Britt , Wredling Regina , Kapraali Marjo 
Published: March 2011

Aim.  To identify predictors of low health‐related quality of life among patients with inflammatory bowel disease and make a comparison between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis with disease duration.Background.  Studies have shown that patients with inflammatory bowel disease rate their health‐related quality of life lower, as compared with a general population.Design.  Survey.Methods.  In this study, 197 patients in remission were included and divided into a Crohn’s disease group and an ulcerative colitis group. Each group was also divided into separate groups whether the patients had short disease duration or long disease duration. Generic instruments, combined with disease‐specific questionnaires, were used for measuring health‐related quality of life.Results.  The analysis showed a non‐significant effect for diagnosis, but a significant effect for disease duration showing that the patients with short disease duration had lower scores of health‐related quality of life compared with patients with long disease duration. A significant interaction between diagnosis and disease duration was also revealed.Conclusion.  Patients with longer disease duration experienced a better health‐related quality of life than patients with short disease duration. Patients with Crohn’s disease and short disease duration have the lowest health‐related quality of life and are in greatest need of education and support.Relevance to clinical practice. It is important to identify which patients’ are in the greatest need of education and support.
Contemporary hybrid speciation in sculpins (Cottus spp.)
Authors: RENAUT SÉBASTIEN 
Published: March 2011

Natural hybridization between closely related taxa is frequent in many organismal groups, yet it has long been perceived as a force preventing diversification and speciation, especially so in animals. In recent years, growing evidence in favour of hybridization facilitating adaptive divergence has accumulated (Mallet 2007; Mavárez & Linares 2008; Nolte & Tautz 2010). Homoploid hybrid speciation (the formation of hybrid lineages without changes in chromosome number) occurs when distinct species come into contact, hybridize, and at least in part of their range, produce hybrid swarms. If the hybrid genotypes can then colonize areas of the adaptive landscape inaccessible to ancestral species, they may eventually form new distinct lineages, reproductively isolated from their ancestors. Invasive sculpins (Cottus sp.) are one of a few good examples of homoploid hybrid speciation in animals. In this issue, Stemshorn et al. (2011) identified three distinct hybrid lineages, which have emerged out of a secondary contact situation of Cottus rhenanus and Cottus perifretum. Hybrids have recently invaded large river habitats unsuitable to ancestral species. Through the use of genetic mapping, the authors established that contrary to expectations, chromosomal rearrangements were not apparent in the hybrid lineages. In addition, different population genetic models were tested and the results suggest that contemporary gene flow from ancestral species represents an important component of the system. As such, recent and ongoing hybridization appears to be promoting the appearance of phenotypes adapted to novel environments. The examination of partially isolated lineages such as invasive hybrid sculpins should permit to identify early adaptive genetic changes before they become confounded by differences arising once speciation is complete.
Spatial vs. temporal effects on demographic and genetic structures: the roles of dispersal, masting and differential mortality on patterns of recruitment in Fagus sylvatica
Authors: ODDOU‐MURATORIO SYLVIE , KLEIN ETIENNE K. , VENDRAMIN GIOVANNI G. , FADY BRUNO 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTrees’ long lifespan, long‐distance dispersal abilities and high year‐to‐year variability in fecundity are thought to have pervasive consequences for the demographic and genetic structure of recruited seedlings. However, we still lack experimental studies quantifying the respective roles of spatial processes such as restricted seed and pollen dispersal and temporal processes such as mast seeding on patterns of regeneration. Dynamics of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) seedling recruitment was monitored in three plots from 2004 to 2006. Six polymorphic microsatellite genetic markers were used to characterize seedlings and their potential parents in a 7.2‐ha stand. These seedlings were shown to result from 12 years of recruitment, with one predominant year of seedling recruitment in 2002 and several years without significant recruitment. Using a spatially explicit mating model based on parentage assignment, short average dispersal distances for seed (δs = 10.9 m) and pollen (43.7 m < δp < 57.3 m) were found, but there was also a non‐negligible immigration rate from outside the plot (ms = 20.5%; 71.6% < mp < 77.9%). Hierarchical analyses of seedling genetic structure showed that (i) most of the genetic variation was within plots; (ii) the genetic differentiation among seedling plots was significant (FST = 2.6%) while (iii) there was no effect of year‐to‐year seed rain variation on genetic structure. In addition, no significant effect of genetic structure on mortality was detected. The consequences of these results for the prediction of population dynamics at ecological timescales are discussed.
Detecting gene expression profiles associated with environmental stressors within an ecological context
Authors: VANDERSTEEN WENDY 
Published: March 2011

Prior to the development of any conservation strategies to mitigate deleterious impacts of environmental change and contamination, there must be a method to make meaningful predictions of the effect of environmental change on organisms. Assessment of relative transcriptomic expression patterns can provide a link between the environment and the physiological response of the organism by identifying genes that respond to environmental stressors; this information could also assist in teasing apart the molecular basis of toxicological effects vs. physiological adaptation. Molecular responses to environmental stressors are probably not restricted to single or few genes, and therefore a more integrative approach is required to examine broad‐scale patterns of transcriptomic response. To address this objective, Chapman et al. (2011) used machine learning tools to link the mechanisms of physiological response to environmental stress; although widely used in clinical applications, such as finding the genetic basis of diseases (Dybowski & Vanya 2001), ecological genomics applications of artificial neural networks are just beginning to emerge. Analyses such as these are important to help identify limitations on the adaptive capacity of organisms and to predict impacts of climate change, ocean acidification and anthropogenic contaminants on aquatic organisms.
Psychosocial work stress during pregnancy and birthweight
Authors: Lee Bo‐Eun , Ha Mina , Park Hyesook , Hong Yun‐Chul , Kim Yangho , Kim Young Ju , Ha Eun‐Hee 
Published: March 2011

SummaryLee B‐E, Ha M, Park H, Kim Y, Hong Y‐C, Kim YJ, Ha E‐H. Psychosocial work stress during pregnancy and birthweight. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2011; 25: 246–254.Although there is a growing interest in the health effects of psychosocial work stress, studies on the relationships between job stress and adverse reproductive outcome are limited. We, therefore, investigated the associations between prenatal maternal occupational stress and birthweight using 310 mother–infant pairs included in the Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study. Information on job stress was collected by interviewing women at enrolment during the first trimester of pregnancy using standardised questionnaires, namely, the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) of job strain and effort–reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaires. Regression analyses were carried out.Decision latitude scores of the JCQ were found to be positively related to birthweight, while ERI ratios determined using the ERI model were found to be inversely related to gestational age. In addition, a passive job as defined by the job strain model was found to be associated with a lower birthweight, compared with a relaxed job. These results suggest that work‐related psychosocial stress in pregnant women appears to affect birth outcomes, such as birthweight and gestational age.
Antepartum A1C, maternal diabetes outcomes, and selected offspring outcomes: an epidemiological review
Authors: Katon Jodie , Williams Michelle A. , Reiber Gayle , Miller Edith 
Published: March 2011

SummaryKaton J, Williams MA, Reiber G, Miller E. Antepartum A1C, maternal diabetes outcomes, and selected offspring outcomes: an epidemiological review. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2011; 25: 265–276.Between 1989 and 2004, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the United States increased by 122%. Glycated haemoglobin, as measured by haemoglobin A1C (A1C), can potentially identify pregnant women at high risk for adverse outcomes associated with GDM including macrosomia and post‐partum glucose intolerance. Our objective was to systematically review the literature with respect to A1C levels during pregnancy and associated maternal and offspring outcomes. We used MEDLINE to identify relevant publications from 1975 to 2009. We included articles if they met the following criteria: original full text articles in English; primary exposure of antepartum A1C; women with GDM at baseline or who developed GDM during the study; primary outcome of GDM, insulin use, post‐partum abnormal glucose or type 2 diabetes (T2DM), birthweight, macrosomia or large for gestational age. Case series and case reports were excluded. Twenty studies met our criteria. A1C at GDM diagnosis was positively associated with post‐partum abnormal glucose. Women with post‐partum T2DM or impaired glucose tolerance had mean A1C at GDM diagnosis higher than those with normal post‐partum glucose (P ≤ 0.002) and a 1% increase in A1C at GDM diagnosis was associated with 2.36 times higher odds of post‐partum abnormal glucose 6 weeks after delivery [95% confidence interval 1.19, 4.68]. The association of A1C and birthweight varied substantially between studies, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.11 to 0.51. A1C, a less burdensome and costly measure than an oral glucose tolerance test, appears to be an attractive measure for identifying women at high risk of adverse outcomes associated with GDM.
Conserved differential expression of paralogous DEFICIENS‐ and GLOBOSA‐like MADS‐box genes in the flowers of Orchidaceae: refining the ‘orchid code’
Authors: Mondragón‐Palomino Mariana , Theißen Günter 
Published: March 2011

SummaryIn flowering plants, class‐B floral homeotic genes encode MADS‐domain transcription factors, which are key in the specification of petal and stamen identity, and have two ancient clades: DEF‐like and GLO‐like genes. Many species have one gene of each clade, but orchids have typically four DEF‐like genes, representing ancient gene clades 1, 2, 3 and 4. We tested the ‘orchid code’, a combinatorial genetic model suggesting that differences between the organs of the orchid perianth (outer tepals, inner lateral tepals and labellum) are generated by the combinatorial differential expression of four DEF‐like genes. Our experimental test involves highly sensitive and specific measurements, with qRT‐PCR of the expression of DEF‐ and GLO‐like genes from the distantly related Vanilla planifolia and Phragmipedium longifolium, as well as from wild‐type and peloric Phalaenopsis hybrid flowers. Our findings support the first ‘orchid code’ hypothesis, in that absence of clade‐3 and ‐4 gene expression distinguishes the outer tepals from the inner tepals. In contrast to the original hypothesis, however, mRNA of both clade‐3 and ‐4 genes accumulates in wild‐type inner lateral tepals and the labellum, and in labellum‐like inner lateral tepals of peloric flowers, albeit in different quantities. Our data suggest a revised hypothesis where high levels of clade‐1 and ‐2, and low levels of clade‐3 and ‐4, gene expression specify inner lateral tepals, whereas labellum development requires low levels of clade‐1 and ‐2 expression and high levels of clade‐3 and ‐4 expression.
Overlapping and antagonistic activities of BASIC PENTACYSTEINE genes affect a range of developmental processes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Monfared Mona M. , Simon Marissa K. , Meister Robert J. , Roig‐Villanova Irma , Kooiker Maarten , Colombo Lucia , Fletcher Jennifer C. , Gasser Charles S. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe BASIC PENTACYSTEINE (BPC) proteins are a plant‐specific transcription factor family that is present throughout land plants. The Arabidopsis BPC proteins have been categorized into three classes based on sequence similarity, and we demonstrate that there is functional overlap between classes. Single gene mutations produce no visible phenotypic effects, and severe morphological phenotypes occur only in higher order mutants between members of classes I and II, with the most severe phenotype observed in bpc1‐1 bpc2 bpc4 bpc6 plants. These quadruple mutants are dwarfed and display small curled leaves, aberrant ovules, altered epidermal cells and reduced numbers of lateral roots. Affected processes include coordinated growth of cell layers, cell shape determination and timing of senescence. Disruption of BPC3 function rescues some aspects of the bpc1‐1 bpc2 bpc4 bpc6 phenotype, indicating that BPC3 function may be antagonistic to other members of the family. Ethylene response is diminished in bpc1‐1 bpc2 bpc4 bpc6 plants, although not all aspects of the phenotype can be explained by reduced ethylene sensitivity. Our data indicate that the BPC transcription factor family is integral for a wide range of processes that support normal growth and development.
Proteasome‐mediated turnover of the transcriptional activator FIT is required for plant iron‐deficiency responses
Authors: Sivitz Alicia , Grinvalds Claudia , Barberon Marie , Curie Catherine , Vert Grégory 
Published: March 2011

SummaryPlants display a number of responses to low iron availability in order to increase iron uptake from the soil. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the ferric‐chelate reductase FRO2 and the ferrous iron transporter IRT1 control iron entry from the soil into the root epidermis. To maintain iron homeostasis, the expression of FRO2 and IRT1 is tightly controlled by iron deficiency at the transcriptional level. The basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor FIT represents the most upstream actor known in the iron‐deficiency signaling pathway, and directly regulates the expression of the root iron uptake machinery genes FRO2 and IRT1. However, how FIT is controlled by iron and acts to activate transcription of its targets remains obscure. Here we show that FIT mRNA and endogenous FIT protein accumulate in Arabidopsis roots upon iron deficiency. However, using plants constitutively expressing FIT, we observed that FIT protein accumulation is reduced in iron‐limited conditions. This post‐transcriptional regulation of FIT is perfectly synchronized with the accumulation of endogenous FIT and IRT1 proteins, and therefore is part of the early responses to low iron. We demonstrated that such regulation affects FIT protein stability under iron deficiency as a result of 26S proteasome‐dependent degradation. In addition, we showed that FIT post‐translational regulation by iron is required for FRO2 and IRT1 gene expression. Taken together our results indicate that FIT transcriptional and post‐translational regulations are integrated in plant roots to ensure that the positive regulator FIT accumulates as a short‐lived protein following iron shortage, and to allow proper iron‐deficiency responses.
CCoAOMT suppression modifies lignin composition in Pinus radiata
Authors: Wagner Armin , Tobimatsu Yuki , Phillips Lorelle , Flint Heather , Torr Kirk , Donaldson Lloyd , Pears Lana , Ralph John 
Published: March 2011

SummaryA cDNA clone encoding the lignin‐related enzyme caffeoyl CoA 3‐O‐methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) was isolated from a Pinus radiata cDNA library derived from differentiating xylem. Suppression of PrCCoAOMT expression in P. radiata tracheary element cultures affected lignin content and composition, resulting in a lignin polymer containing p‐hydroxyphenyl (H), catechyl (C) and guaiacyl (G) units. Acetyl bromide‐soluble lignin assays revealed reductions in lignin content of up to 20% in PrCCoAOMT‐deficient transgenic lines. Pyrolysis‐GC/MS and 2D‐NMR studies demonstrated that these reductions were due to depletion of G‐type lignin. Correspondingly, the proportion of H‐type lignin in PrCCoAOMT‐deficient transgenic lines increased, resulting in up to a 10‐fold increase in the H/G ratio relative to untransformed controls. 2D‐NMR spectra revealed that PrCCoAOMT suppression resulted in formation of benzodioxanes in the lignin polymer. This suggested that phenylpropanoids with an ortho‐diphenyl structure such as caffeyl alcohol are involved in lignin polymerization. To test this hypothesis, synthetic lignins containing methyl caffeate or caffeyl alcohol were generated and analyzed by 2D‐NMR. Comparison of the 2D‐NMR spectra from PrCCoAOMT‐RNAi lines and synthetic lignins identified caffeyl alcohol as the new lignin constituent in PrCCoAOMT‐deficient lines. The incorporation of caffeyl alcohol into lignin created a polymer containing catechyl units, a lignin type that has not been previously identified in recombinant lignin studies. This finding is consistent with the theory that lignin polymerization is based on a radical coupling process that is determined solely by chemical processes.
Vascular expression in Arabidopsis is predicted by the frequency of CT/GA‐rich repeats in gene promoters
Authors: Ruiz‐Medrano Roberto , Xoconostle‐Cázares Beatriz , Ham Byung‐Kook , Li Gang , Lucas William J. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryPhloem‐transported signals play an important role in regulating plant development and in orchestrating responses to environmental stimuli. Among such signals, phloem‐mobile RNAs have been shown to play an important role as long‐distance signaling agents. At maturity, angiosperm sieve elements are enucleate, and thus transcripts in the phloem translocation stream probably originate from the nucleate companion cells. In the present study, a pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) phloem transcriptome was used to test for the presence of common motifs within the promoters of this unique set of genes, which may function to coordinate expression in cells of the vascular system. A bioinformatics analysis of the upstream sequences from 150 Arabidopsis genes homologous to members of the pumpkin phloem transcriptome identified degenerate sequences containing CT/GA‐ and GT/CA‐rich motifs that were common to many of these promoters. Parallel studies performed on genes shown previously to be expressed in phloem tissues identified similar motifs. An expanded analysis, based on homologs of the pumpkin phloem transcriptome from cucumber (Cucumis sativus), identified similar sets of common motifs within the promoters of these genes. Promoter analysis offered support for the hypothesis that these motifs regulate expression within the vascular system. Our findings are discussed in terms of a role for these motifs in coordinating gene expression within the companion cell/sieve element system. These motifs could provide a useful bioinformatics tool for genome‐wide screens on plants for which phloem tissues cannot readily be obtained.
iTRAQ‐based analysis of changes in the cassava root proteome reveals pathways associated with post‐harvest physiological deterioration
Authors: Owiti Judith , Grossmann Jonas , Gehrig Peter , Dessimoz Christophe , Laloi Christophe , Hansen Maria Benn , Gruissem Wilhelm , Vanderschuren Hervé 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe short storage life of harvested cassava roots is an important constraint that limits the full potential of cassava as a commercial food crop in developing countries. We investigated the molecular changes during physiological deterioration of cassava root after harvesting using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) of proteins in soluble and non‐soluble fractions prepared during a 96 h post‐harvest time course. Combining bioinformatic approaches to reduce information redundancy for unsequenced or partially sequenced plant species, we established a comprehensive proteome map of the cassava root and identified quantitatively regulated proteins. Up‐regulation of several key proteins confirmed that physiological deterioration of cassava root after harvesting is an active process, with 67 and 170 proteins, respectively, being up‐regulated early and later after harvesting. This included regulated proteins that had not previously been associated with physiological deterioration after harvesting, such as linamarase, glutamic acid‐rich protein, hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, glycine‐rich RNA binding protein, β‐1,3‐glucanase, pectin methylesterase, maturase K, dehydroascorbate reductase, allene oxide cyclase, and proteins involved in signal pathways. To confirm the regulation of these proteins, activity assays were performed for selected enzymes. Together, our results show that physiological deterioration after harvesting is a highly regulated complex process involving proteins that are potential candidates for biotechnology approaches to reduce such deterioration.