bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Configurationally Stable Tris(tetrathioaryl)methyl Molecular Propellers
Authors: Driesschaert Benoît , Robiette Raphaël , Le Duff Cécile S. , Collard Laurent , Robeyns Koen , Gallez Bernard , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTris(tetrathioaryl)methanols and tris(tetrathioaryl)methanes are direct precursors and metabolites, respectively, of tris(tetrathioaryl)methyl radicals, which are very attractive paramagnetic spin probes for many magnetic resonance applications. Due to steric hindrance, these propeller‐shaped molecules display slow interconversion between their two enantiomeric conformations (right‐handed and left‐handed propeller conformations). Syntheses and HPLC resolutions carried out on a chiral stationary phase have been achieved. The influence of the hybridization of the central carbon atom as well as the para substitutient on the conformational stability were experimentally and theoretically studied. Depending on their particular structure, the free activation energy for the isomerization process determined by kinetics of racemization varies from 24.4 to 26.4 kcal mol–1 and corresponds to racemization half‐lives of 12 and 343 h, respectively. Computational and NOESY/exchange spectroscopy (EXSY) studies are consistent with a two‐ring flip mechanism for the isomerization process of tris(tetrathioaryl)methanols, radicals and tris(tetrathioaryl)methanes.
Development of earthquake vulnerability functions for tall buildings
Authors: Jayaram Nirmal , Shome Nilesh , Rahnama Mohsen 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYThis study focuses on the development of vulnerability functions for tall buildings. A systematic simulation approach based on the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research loss assessment framework is used to develop building vulnerability functions that provide estimates of losses to buildings under ground motions of various intensities. The steps involved in the procedure are: quantifying ground‐motion hazard using a vector of spectral accelerations; predicting building response parameters such as story drifts, floor accelerations, and residual drifts under the quantified hazard; accounting for structural collapse and demolition; and predicting story‐wise losses and total building loss using the building response information. Emphasis is placed on capturing the effects of epistemic and aleatory uncertainties in random variables, such as ground motions, structural response parameters, loss costs, etc., to quantify the uncertainty in the final loss estimate. The risk assessment approach is used for developing vulnerability functions for six tall buildings, namely, 20‐story and 40‐story steel moment resisting frame buildings based on 1973 and 2006 codes, a 42‐story concrete core wall building and a 42‐story concrete dual system building. The vulnerability functions are used to perform loss assessments for individual buildings assumed to be located in Los Angeles. The vulnerability and the loss assessment procedures are illustrated in detail for the 2006 20‐story steel moment frame building, and a summary of the final loss estimates are provided for all other buildings. It is seen that epistemic uncertainties in both ground motion hazard and building vulnerability cause significant epistemic uncertainties in the loss assessment results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GenomicBCR‐ABL1breakpoints in pediatric chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Krumbholz Manuela , Karl Matthias , Tauer Josephine T. , Thiede Christian , Rascher Wolfgang , Suttorp Meinolf , Metzler Markus 
Published: August 2012

AbstractChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a rare disease in children and adolescents and various aspects—from molecular genesis to therapy regimen—have been taken over from studies on the more prevalent adult CML. However, differences have been observed between malignancies with identical underlying chromosomal translocations, but occurring at different age groups, suggesting some diversity in the mechanisms of formation and leukemogenesis. A multiplex long‐range PCR‐based assay was developed to allow fast and reliable amplification of patient‐specificBCR‐ABL1fusion sequences from genomic DNA. The localization of breakpoints was analyzed with respect to distribution within the breakpoint cluster regions, sequence features, and association to repetitive elements or motifs associated with DNA recombination. The genomic fusion sites of 59 pediatric CML patients showed a bimodal breakpoint distribution inBCRthat was different from the distribution in adult CML cases, but with similarities toBCR‐ABL1‐positive, acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults.BCRbreakpoints were found more frequently positioned within, or close to,Alurepeats than would be expected based on their overall sequence proportion. Technical aspects of the highly sensitive DNA‐based quantification of residual CML cells by specific fusion sequence during tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy are exemplified in a subcohort of pediatric CML patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carers for older people with co‐morbid cognitive impairment in general hospital: characteristics and psychological well‐being
Authors: Bradshaw Lucy E. , Goldberg Sarah E. , Schneider Justine M. , Harwood Rowan H. 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveThis analysis sought to describe the characteristics and well‐being of carers of older people with mental health problems admitted to a general hospital.MethodsGeneral medical and trauma orthopaedic patients aged 70 years or older admitted to an acute general teaching hospital were screened for mental health problems. Those screened positive, together with a carer, were invited to undergo further assessment with a battery of health status measurements. Carers were interviewed to ascertain strain (caregiver strain index (CSI)), psychological distress (12‐item General Health Questionnaire) and quality of life (EQ‐5D).ResultsWe recruited 250 patients to the study, of whom 180 were cognitively impaired and had carers willing to take part. After 6 months, 57 patients (32%) had died, and we followed up 100 carers. Carers' own health, in terms of mobility, usual activities, and anxiety, was poor in a third of cases. At the time of admission, high carer strain was common (42% with CSI ≥ 7), particularly among co‐resident carers (55%). High levels of behavioural and psychiatric symptoms at baseline were associated with more carer strain and distress. At follow‐up, carer strain and distress had reduced only slightly, with no difference in outcomes for carers of patients who moved from the community to a care home.ConclusionHospital staff should be alert to sources of carer strain and offer carers practical advice and emotional support. Interventions are required to prevent and manage behavioural and psychiatric symptoms at the time of acute physical illness or to alleviate their effects on carers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute effects of a low‐dose atropine/scopolamine mixture as a food contaminant in human volunteers
Authors: Perharič Lucija , Juvan Katja Ažman , Stanovnik Lovro 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTTo verify the assumptions in our previous risk assessment of an atropine/scopolamine mixture in buckwheat flour, we performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled cross‐over study in 20 healthy, adult volunteers. The volunteers ingested a traditional Slovenian buckwheat meal, made of boiled buckwheat flour to which alkaloids were added. In addition to the placebo they ingested 0.12/0.10, 0.37/0.29, 1.22/0.95, 3.58/2.81 and 12.10/9.50 µg kg–1 body mass (BM) of the atropine/scopolamine mixture. The changes in body temperature, heart rate, salivary and sweat secretion, pupil size, near‐point vision and subjective symptoms were recorded regularly for 4 h after the ingestion. Decreased salivary and sweat secretion, increased heart rate and pupil size and reduced near‐point vision accompanied by characteristic subjective symptoms were observed at 12.10/9.50 µg kg–1 BM. At doses of 0.37/0.29 and 1.22/0.95 µg kg–1 BM, a significant decrease in the heart rate was noted, which we consider to be a critical effect of a low‐dose exposure to the atropine/scopolamine mixture. Although this did not have any clinical relevance in our subjects, it may have serious implications if it occurred in people with pre‐existent cardiac conditions or those on medications that may cause bradycardia. No significant changes in the observed end points were noted at 0.12/0.10 µg kg–1 BM. We estimate that the NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for the atropine/scopolamine mixture lies between the lower two administered doses. Applying the uncertainty factor of 10, we propose a new provisional Acute Reference Doses (ARfDs) of the mixture, i.e. 0.01 µg kg–1 BM for each alkaloid, and a further refinement using higher‐tier approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formulation and evaluation of in situ forming PLA implant containing tinidazole for the treatment of periodontitis
Authors: Qin Yuyue , Yuan Minglong , Li Lin , Li Wei , Xue Jing 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPeriodontitis is caused by periodontopathic bacteria and antibacterial agents are placed in a periodontal pocket with the intention of enhancing the local effect. To maximize the therapeutic effects while reducing the adverse effects, tinidazole was delivered by in situ forming system. One approach for reducing burst release rate was to testify in situ forming effect. The effect of 0%–10% (w/w) polyethylene glycol 400 and 3% (w/w) glycerol on the tinidazole release from a poly(DL‐lactide) (PLA) injectable implant was evaluated. The results showed that the in vitro initial burst release rate was decreased in the presence of poly(ethyleneglycol) PEG 400 and glycerol. A formulation containing 30% (w/w) PLA (Mw 7300) dissolved in 62% (w/w) N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, 5% (w/w) PEG 400, and 3%(w/w) glycerol with 5% (w/w) tinidazole was shown to be optimum. Twelve adult beagle dogs were used in the periodontitis model. The treatment group I, II, and positive control group was administrated with gel containing 5%(w/w) tinidazole, 2.5%(w/w) tinidazole, and periocline, respectively. Dog studies revealed that periocline and the developed formulation could significantly decrease symptoms of periodontitis, and they were better than gel containing 2.5% (w/w) tinidazole. The developed formulation could sustain the release of tinidazole for local delivery over 7 days. These findings suggested that the developed formulation was a viable alternative to conventional drug to cure periodontitis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Metal‐Nanoparticle Catalyzed Hydrogen Generation from Liquid‐Phase Chemical Hydrogen Storage Materials
Authors: Li Pei‐Zhou , Xu Qiang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDue to the diversified merits of hydrogen energy, the search for applicable hydrogen storage materials to satisfy the increasing demand for the efficient and sufficient clean energy supply has become extremely important. Aqueous ammonia borane, hydrazine, and formic acid have been extensively investigated as promising hydrogen storage materials based on their relatively high hydrogen contents. Significant advances have been made in the metal nanoparticle‐catalyzed hydrogen generation from hydrolysis of ammonia borane and selective decomposition of hydrous hydrazine and formic acid.
Quaternary‐ammonium Based Ionic Liquid Mixed with Organic Solvent Electrolyte System
Authors: Lin Chun‐Yun , Chang Chia‐Chin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) have been proposed as electrolytes for long‐lived and safe LIBs, since they are nonflammability and have low volatility. The interactions between of cathodes (as olivine LiFePO4 or layered LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC)) and ionic liquid mixed with organic solvent electrolyte were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), coin cell test, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mixed electrolyte contains ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ionic liquid such as bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) and tetraethylammonium (N2222). The results show that the LiFePO4 cathode in this mixed electrolyte had better cycling performance than the NMC cathode.
Synthesis of Porous Si Particles by Metal‐assisted Chemical Etching for Li‐ion Battery Application
Authors: Lin Chun‐Chieh , Yen Yu‐Chan , Wu Hung‐Chun , Wu Nae‐Lih 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAs an anode for Li‐ion batteries, Si has a high theoretical capacity but suffers from dramatic volume variations during cycles of lithiation/de‐lithiation (L/D). Attempt is made to increase cycle stability of Si electrode by incorporating “pre‐set” voids into the electrode matrix to partially accommodate volume expansion. A metal‐assisted chemical etching (MACE) method, in which Si is partially etched in the solution containing AgNO3 and HF, has been evaluated for synthesize porous Si particles. It has been found that the particle porosity exhibits complex dependence on etching time, oxidant concentration and temperature. Porous Si particles containing predominantly mesopores have been produced by the MACE method, but the maximumporosity has been limited to be ca. 25%. The resulting porous Si is subsequently coated with a C layer and subjected to cycles of electrochemical L/D. The C‐coated porous Si electrode exhibits high capacity and remarkably improved cycle stability as compared with non‐porous Si electrode.
First μ‐CT‐based 3d reconstruction of a dipteran larva—the head morphology of protanyderus (tanyderidae) and its phylogenetic implications
Authors: Wipfler Benjamin , Courtney Greg W. , Craig, Douglas A. , Beutel Rolf G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCover illustration. The cover image shows the head of a larval Protanyderus spec., a representative of the ancestral dipteran Tanyderidae. The image is a sagittally sectioned reconstruction with foregut, muscles and brain. In this study by Wipfler et al. (pp. 968–980) a detailed documentation of the head structures using innovative morphological methods, especially μ‐computer tomography combined with 3D reconstruction, is presented and the morphological data are used to solve a long standing phylogenetic problem of basal relationship among Diptera.
Synthesis and Characterization of Stereo Multiblock Poly(lactic acid)s with Different Block Lengths by Melt Polycondensation of Poly(L‐lactic acid)/Poly(D‐lactic acid) Blends
Authors: Rahaman Md. Hafezur , Tsuji Hideto 
Published: August 2012

AbstractStereo multiblock PLAs with different block lengths are synthesized by melt polycondensation of low‐molecular‐weight poly(L‐lactic acid)/poly(D‐lactic acid) blends with a wide variety of $\overline {M} _{{\rm w}} $ in the range of 1.1–5.2 × 103 g · mol–1. The average block length (νav) of the stereo multiblock PLAs increases with increasing $\overline {M} _{{\rm w}} $ of the blend and with the reaction temperature, whereas $\overline {M} _{{\rm w}} $ and PDI of the stereo multiblock PLAs increases with increasing $\overline {M} _{{\rm w}} $ of the blend, the reaction time, and the temperature. Stereo multiblock PLAs with νav > 7 are crystallizable to form stereocomplex crystallites, and the crystallinity and melting temperature of the stereo multiblock PLAs increases with increasing νav and $\overline {M} _{{\rm w}} $ of the stereo multiblock PLAs. magnified image
A phase I trial of vorinostat and bortezomib in children with refractory or recurrent solid tumors: A Children's Oncology Group phase I consortium study (ADVL0916)
Authors: Muscal Jodi A. , Thompson Patrick A. , Horton Terzah M. , Ingle Ashish M. , Ahern Charlotte H. , McGovern Renee M. , Reid Joel M. , Ames Matthew M. , Espinoza‐Delgado Igor , Weigel Brenda J. , Blaney Susan M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundA pediatric Phase I trial was performed to determine the maximum‐tolerated dose, dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs), and pharmacokinetics (PK) of vorinostat and bortezomib, in patients with solid tumors.ProcedureOral vorinostat was administered on days 1–5 and 8–12 of a 21‐day cycle (starting dose 180 mg/m2/day with dose escalations to 230 and 300 mg/m2/day). Bortezomib (1.3 mg/m2 i.v.) was administered on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of the same cycle. PK and correlative biology studies were performed during Cycle 1.ResultsTwenty‐three eligible patients [17 male, median age 12 years (range: 1–20)] were enrolled of whom 17 were fully evaluable for toxicity. Cycle 1 DLTs that occurred in 2/6 patients at dose level 3 (vorinostat 300 mg/m2/day) were Grade 2 sensory neuropathy that progressed to Grade 4 (n = 1) and Grade 3 nausea and anorexia (n = 1). No objective responses were observed. There was wide interpatient variability in vorinostat PK parameters. Bortezomib disposition was best described by a three‐compartment model that demonstrated rapid distribution followed by prolonged elimination. We did not observe a decrease in nuclear factor‐κB activity or Grp78 induction after bortezomib treatment in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from solid tumor patients.ConclusionThe recommended Phase 2 dose and schedule is vorinostat (230 mg/m2/day PO on days 1–5 and 8–12) in combination with bortezomib (1.3 mg/m2/day i.v. on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21‐day cycle) in children with recurrent or refractory solid tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 390–395. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The aspect ratio of epoxy matrix nanocomposites reinforced with graphene stacks
Authors: Corcione Carola Esposito , Freuli Fabrizio , Maffezzoli Alfonso 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe improvement of physical and mechanical properties of nanofilled matrices significantly depends on the average size of dispersed fillers. In particular, the aspect ratio of lamellar nanofillers, such as graphene stacks, results from a combination of both filler morphology and processing techniques. In this study, nanocomposites were obtained dispersing three different graphene precursors in an epoxy resin: expanded graphite, commercial graphene nanoplatelets, and natural graphite. Epoxy matrix nanocomposites reinforced with graphene stacks, ranging from 1 wt% to 3 wt% were prepared and characterized. The structural, mechanical, and thermal properties of expanded graphite‐based nanocomposites, as well as the rheological properties of liquid resin/filler suspensions, were studied and compared with those of the unfilled epoxy matrix and of the matrix filled with natural graphite and commercial nanoplatelets. The comparison of mechanical and rheological properties with simple mathematical models indicated that the aspect ratio of expanded graphite is in the order of 1000, i.e., a dispersion of nanoscale graphene stacks was obtained. This result suggests that the measurement of engineering properties of nanocomposites not only represents an objective but can also provide information about the average degree of dispersion. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Expression of proton‐coupled oligopeptide transporter (POTs) in prostate of mice and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa)
Authors: Sun Dongli , Tan Fuqing , Fang Danbo , Wang Yuqing , Zeng Su , Jiang Huidi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDProton‐coupled oligopeptide transporters (POTs) serve as integral membrane protein for the cellular uptake of di/tripeptide. Prostate has a large requirement of nutriment for its function to produce and secrete prostatic fluid. Besides, prostate suffered from limited therapy effect of drug treatment. Thus present study was performed to evaluate the expression of POTs in prostate of mice and human with the aim to provide information for potential role of POTs in absorption of nutriment and peptidomimetic drugs in prostate.METHODSQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot methods were applied to study the mRNA, protein expression of POTs in prostate, human prostate cancer cells (PC‐3), and human prostate epithelial cells (RWPE‐1).RESULTSqRT‐PCR study showed different characteristic of POTs mRNA expression in mouse prostate. Among these transporters, protein expression of PepT2 was detected and increasing during the development of mouse prostate, while PepT1, PHT1, and PHT2 protein was not detected. Furthermore, different characteristic of regulation by inflammation on POTs mRNA expression was found in RWPE‐1 and PC‐3. In addition, mRNA expression of PepT2 and PHT1 in prostate of patients with PCa was demonstrated be lower compared with BPH.CONCLUSIONSThese findings provide the first evidence for the expression of POTs in prostate of mice and patients with BPH or PCa and suggest that POTs are likely to play a role in the transport of di/tripeptides and peptidomimetics in prostate. Prostate 73: 287–295, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improvements in the stratospheric transport achieved by a chemistry transport model with ECMWF (re)analyses: identifying effects and remaining challenges
Authors: Monge‐Sanz B. M. , Chipperfield M. P. , Dee D. P. , Simmons A. J. , Uppala S. M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractStratospheric simulations from a chemistry transport model (CTM) are used to evaluate the stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation and mixing processes in different datasets produced by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). A comparison between ERA‐40 and ERA‐Interim shows that the recent ECMWF reanalysis greatly improves on past problems detected for ERA‐40. CTM simulations with ERA‐Interim provide improved age‐of‐air distributions, in very good agreement with observations in the lower stratosphere. In a multiannual model run (1990–2009), we find a small but statistically significant increasing trend in age over Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes above 24 km. This is in contrast with most model results in existing literature, but in agreement with recent studies based on SF6 and CO2 observations. Lagrangian calculations also show that the constraint of vertical and horizontal mixing has been very significantly improved in the new ECMWF dataset. Causes of the improvements achieved by the new reanalysis are explored, revealing the roles that the assimilation technique and the analysis frequency play in the successful description of stratospheric transport. The implementation of correction techniques such as the use of forecasts is shown to have a smaller effect in CTM simulations with ERA‐Interim than in those with ERA‐40. The effect of using winds from the ECMWF data assimilation system (DAS) or from the underlying general circulation model (GCM) is also contrasted. For this, the CTM uses a set of ECMWF GCM winds from a free‐running model version equivalent to the system employed to produce ERA‐40. The GCM winds were archived every 12 h, which also allows an evaluation of the CTM analysis read‐in frequency effects on stratospheric transport. Some of the problems attributed in the past to data assimilation, such as the excess of vertical mixing in the lower stratosphere, are here shown to be caused also by too low read‐in frequencies in the CTM simulations. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society