bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase Transformation of Lead Tungstate at Normal Temperature from Tetragonal Structure to Monoclinic Structure
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Huang Jianhua 
Published: July 2012

Monoclinic raspite PbWO4 nanobelts were synthesized at 30°C via the precipitation reaction of Na2WO4 and Pb(NO3)2 in aqueous solution without any additives. The starting molar ratio (r) and the aging time were found to play crucial roles in the phase control of PbWO4 crystals. Tetragonal stolzite PbWO4 nanoparticles were formed at r ≤ 1, whereas monoclinic raspite PbWO4 nanobelts were obtained at r > 1. The formation mechanism of raspite PbWO4 nanobelts was explored in detail by monitoring the morphology and structure evolution via SEM, XRD, and Raman measurements. It was found that monoclinic raspite PbWO4 nanobelts were formed through a phase transformation of tetragonal stolzite PbWO4 nanoparticles and a subsequent oriented growth in the aging process. In addition, the photoluminescence properties of these two kinds of PbWO4 were studied.
Sintering of 3D‐Printed Glass/HAp Composites
Authors: Winkel Alexander , Meszaros Robert , Reinsch Stefan , Müller Ralf , Travitzky Nahum , Fey Tobias , Greil Peter , Wondraczek Lothar 
Published: July 2012

We report the sintering of 3D‐printed composites of 13‐93 bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite (HAp) powders. The sintering process is characterized on conventionally produced powder compacts with varying HAp content. A numeric approximation of the densification kinetics is then obtained on the basis of Frenkel, Mackenzie–Shuttleworth, and Einstein–Roscoe models, and optimized sintering conditions for 3D‐printed structures are derived. Fully isotropic sintering of complex cellular composites is obtained by continuous heating to 750°C at a rate of 2 K/min for a HAp content of 40 wt%. The approach can readily be generalized for printing and sintering of similar glass‐ceramic composites.
The Extent of Perfusion Deficit Does Not Relate to the Visibility of Acute Ischemic Lesions on Fluid‐Attenuated Inversion Recovery Imaging
Authors: Cheng Bastian , Rosenkranz Michael , Krützelmann Anna , Fiehler Jens , Forkert Nils D , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVESFluid‐attenuated inversion recovery imaging (FLAIR) has been suggested as a surrogate marker of lesion age in acute ischemic stroke. In a subgroup analysis, we evaluated whether the extent of perfusion deficit influences FLAIR lesion visibility and thus plays a role as a confounding variable in the interpretation of FLAIR images.METHODSA subgroup of patients from a previous study evaluating the use of FLAIR imaging as a surrogate marker of lesion age within the first 6 hours of ischemic stroke were examined to determine the influence of the amount of perfusion deficit on FLAIR lesion visibility.RESULTSN= 48 patients were included into the analysis. In positive and negative FLAIR lesion cases the extent of perfusion deficits did not differ significantly (150 mL vs. 197 mL, P= .730) nor influenced FLAIR visibility independently. In contrast, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) lesion volumes were larger (34 mL vs. 14 mL, P= .008) and time from symptom onset longer (180 vs. 120 minute, P= .071) in FLAIR‐positive cases.CONCLUSIONVisibility of FLAIR lesions in acute stroke imaging is influenced by lesion size and time from symptom onset to MRI, but not by the amount of perfusion deficit calculated by time‐to‐peak (TTP) measurements.
The relationship between male moth density and female mating success in invading populations of Lymantria dispar
Authors: Tobin Patrick C. , Onufrieva Ksenia S. , Thorpe Kevin W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe successful establishment of non‐native species in new areas can be affected by many factors including the initial size of the founder population. Populations comprised of fewer individuals tend to be subject to stochastic forces and Allee effects (positive‐density dependence), which can challenge the ability of small founder populations to establish in a new area. Although the conceptual relationship between initial colony size and establishment success has been previously documented, it is not trivial to estimate precisely the colony size needed to ensure colony persistence. Over the last 40 years, there have been many studies on the probability of mating success of female Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in the USA related to background male moth densities. We were motivated by this wealth of data and sought to combine the results from these prior studies with the goal of estimating a robust measure of the male moth density required to achieve varying levels of female mating success. Although the data are specific to L. dispar, the pheromone communication system in L. dispar is not unique and thus the results of this analysis could be broadly applicable to our general understanding of Lepidoptera mating behavior.
MicroRNA155 in the growth and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Liu Liu , Hu Yongjie , Fu Jingye , Yang Xihu , Zhang Zhiyuan 
Published: July 2012

J Oral Pathol Med (2013)42: 140–147Background:  The carcinogenesis mechanism of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the salivary gland is poorly understood. MicroRNA155 (miRNA155) has been involved in the carcinogenesis of many malignant tumors. The present study aims to examine the role of miRNA155 in tumor growth and invasion of ACC.Methods:  MiRNA155 expression was determined in ACC specimens along with normal salivary glands by quantitative PCR. Using ACC‐2 cells as a model for ACC, cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay after knocking down miRNA155 expression, and cell cycle analysis was performed. Invasive capacity of ACC‐2 cells was examined by a Transwell culture assay. The effect of miRNA155 on tumor growth was also examined in vivo using mouse models. The effect of miRNA155 on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/NF‐κB was studied by quantitative PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Results:  MiRNA155 was over‐expressed in ACC. Proliferation of ACC‐2 cells was markedly inhibited by knocking down miRNA155, resulting from a blockade of cell cycle in the G1 phase. Inhibition of miRNA155 significantly suppressed the invasive capacity of ACC‐2 cells. In vivo growth of ACC‐2 cell‐derived tumors was significantly slower by inhibition of miRNA155. Inhibition of miRNA155 also resulted in decreased expression of EGFR and RelA (NF‐κB).Conclusion:  The results suggest that miRNA155 facilitates cell cycle progression and promotes invasion in ACC and that the EGFR/NF‐κB pathway might participate in mediating the effects of miRNA155. This study has provided insights into the carcinogenic mechanisms of ACC and identified new targets for intervention of salivary ACC.
CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ Cells Increased in the Peritoneal Fluid of Patients with Endometriosis
Authors: Podgaec Sergio , Rizzo Luiz Vicente , Fernandes Luiz Flavio Cordeiro , Baracat Edmund Chada , Abrao Mauricio Simoes 
Published: July 2012

ProblemTo evaluate CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ cells and IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17, and TGF‐β in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis.Method of studyA total of ninety‐eight patients were studied: endometriosis (n = 70) and control (n = 28). First, peritoneal fluid lymphocytes were isolated, and CD4+CD25high cells were identified using flow cytometry. Then, RT‐PCR was performed to verify Foxp3 expression in these cells. Also, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17, and TGF‐β concentration was determined.ResultsOf all the lymphocytes in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis, 36.5% (median) were CD4+CD25high compared to only 1.15% (median) in the control group (P < 0.001). Foxp3 expression was similarly elevated in patients with the disease compared to those without (median, 50 versus 5; P < 0.001). IL‐6 and TGF‐β were higher in endometriosis group (IL‐6: 327.5 pg/mL versus 195.5 pg/mL; TGF‐β: 340 pg/mL versus 171.5 pg/mL; both P < 0.001). IL‐10 and IL‐17 showed no significant differences between the two groups.ConclusionThe peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis had a higher percentage of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ cells and also higher levels of IL‐6 and TGF‐β compared to women without the disease. These findings suggest that CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Four years of simulated climate change reduces above‐ground productivity and alters functional diversity in a grassland ecosystem
Authors: Cantarel Amélie A. M. , Bloor Juliette M. G. , Soussana Jean‐François 
Published: July 2012

AbstractQuestionsHow does above‐ground grassland biomass production respond to change in multiple climate drivers over a 4‐yr period? Can climate‐induced patterns of biomass response be explained by shifts in plant community structure? Does sustained climate change affect the relationships between abundance of functional groups, community‐scale leaf traits and above‐ground production?LocationPerennial grassland in the French Massif Central.MethodsMonoliths extracted from the study grassland were exposed to a simulated climate change corresponding to the air temperature, atmospheric
CO

2 and summer rainfall conditions projected for 2080. We examined impacts of climate treatments on above‐ground biomass and community structure for 4 yr, and investigated the relationship between biomass production, species diversity and three key functional traits: specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content and leaf
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content.ResultsBoth warming and simultaneous application of warming, summer drought and elevated
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2 were associated with an increase in annual above‐ground biomass at the start of the study, but biomass responses became progressively negative over the course of the experiment. Decreases in vegetation
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exports were also observed over time, possibly due to reduced soil
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availability under climate change. Taxonomic diversity showed no response to climate treatments, but the relative abundance of grasses decreased under both warming and simultaneous application of warming, summer drought and elevated
CO

2 after 3 yr. In parallel, legume relative abundance increased in all warmed treatments. Functional diversity responses varied depending on climate treatment and leaf trait. In the control treatment, patterns of variation in annual plant biomass were best explained by functional diversity during the study period. However, in warmed treatments, variation in annual plant biomass was more closely linked to the functional traits of dominant species.ConclusionsContinuous, multi‐year exposure to projected climate conditions has a negative impact on above‐ground biomass in our grassland study system. Our data suggest that climate‐induced decreases in above‐ground biomass may be driven by changes in the relative abundance of plant functional groups, and could also reflect changes in soil nutrient availability. Unlike species diversity, community‐level leaf traits and functional diversity appear to play an important role for above‐ground biomass production, and may have indirect effects on ecosystem stability in changing climates.
“…If we were cavemen we'd be fine”: Facebook as a catalyst for critical literacy learning by dyslexic sixth‐form students
Authors: Barden Owen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article is derived from a study of the use of Facebook as an educational resource by five dyslexic students at a sixth form college in north‐west England. Through a project in which teacher‐researcher and student‐participants co‐constructed a group Facebook page about the students’ scaffolded research into dyslexia, the study examined the educational affordances of a digitally mediated social network. An innovative, flexible, experiential methodology combining action research and case study with an ethnographic approach was devised. This enabled the use of multiple mixed methods, capturing much of the rich complexity of the students’ online and offline interactions with each other and with digital media as they contributed to the group and co‐constructed their group Facebook page. Social perspectives on dyslexia and multiliteracies were used to help interpret the students’ engagement with the social network and thereby deduce its educational potential. The research concludes that as a digitally mediated social network, Facebook engages the students in active, critical learning about and through literacies in a rich and complex semiotic domain. Offline dialogue plays a crucial role. This learning is reciprocally shaped by the students’ developing identities as both dyslexic students and able learners. The findings suggest that social media can have advantageous applications for literacy learning in the classroom. In prompting learning yet remaining unchanged by it, Facebook can be likened to a catalyst.
Differential expression of miR‐21, miR‐125b and miR‐191 in breast cancer tissue
Authors: MAR‐AGUILAR Fermín , LUNA‐AGUIRRE Claudia M. , MORENO‐ROCHA J. Claudio , ARAIZA‐CHÁVEZ Juan , TREVINO Victor , RODRÍGUEZ‐PADILLA Cristina , RESÉNDEZ‐PÉREZ Diana 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAims:  To develop new biomarkers for early detection and to inform effective clinical management of breast cancer.Methods:  Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to profile microRNA (miRNA) in tumor tissue from 50 breast cancer patients using non‐tumor breast tissue from each patient as a control. We have focussed on three miRNA; miR‐21, miR‐125b and miR‐191, all of which have been implicated in breast cancer with either proven or predicted target genes involved in critical cancer‐associated cellular pathways.Results:  Upregulation of miR‐21 and miR‐191 and downregulation of miR‐125b, was found in breast cancer tissue. Combined expression analysis of miR‐125b/miR‐191 increased sensitivity to 100% and specificity to 94% while miR‐21/miR‐191 increased to 92% and 100%, respectively. Therefore, combination of two miRNA gives a better prediction than individual miRNA.Conclusions:  We could differentiate between breast cancer and adjacent non‐tumor breast tissue as a control with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity in the Mexican population using a combined expression analysis of only two miRNA. These observations, although a proof of principle finding at this time, show that a combined expression profile of two miRNA (miR‐125b/miR‐191 and miR‐21/miR‐191) can discriminate between breast cancer and non‐tumor tissue with high specificity and sensitivity.
Using dung beetles to evaluate the effects of urbanization on Atlantic Forest biodiversity
Authors: Korasaki Vanesca , Lopes José , Gardner Brown George , Louzada Julio 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe used dung beetles to evaluate the impact of urbanization on insect biodiversity in three Atlantic Forest fragments in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. This study provides the first empirical evidence of the impact of urbanization on richness, abundance, composition and guild structure of dung beetle communities from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We evaluated the community aspects (abundance, richness, composition and food guilds) of dung beetles in fragments with different degrees of immersion in the urban matrix using pitfall traps with four alternative baits (rotten meat, rotten fish, pig dung and decaying banana). A total of 1 719 individuals were collected, belonging to 29 species from 11 genera and six Scarabaeinae tribes. The most urban‐immersed fragment showed a higher species dominance and the beetle community captured on dung presented the greatest evenness. The beetle communities were distinct with respect to the fragments and feeding habits. Except for the dung beetle assemblage in the most urbanized forest fragment, all others exhibited contrasting differences in species composition attracted to each bait type. Our results clearly show that the degree of urbanization affects Atlantic Forest dung beetle communities and that the preservation of forest fragments inside the cities, even small ones, can provide refuges for Scarabaeinae.
Factors affecting early psychiatric intervention for patients with first‐episode psychosis in Japan
Authors: Hagi Noriko , Takamura Mitsuyuki , Yokoyama Kazuhito 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimThe present study aimed to clarify the factors affecting early psychiatric intervention for patients with first‐episode psychosis in Japan.MethodsA postal questionnaire survey was conducted in 346 members of the Association of Family of Psychosis Patients, in Mie, Japan.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 138 respondents. The mean interval between a suspected first episode of psychosis and the first visit to a medical institution was 18.4 months (SD: 40.0, range: 0–336 months). Forty‐five respondents consulted a family member first and required a mean duration of 9.8 months (SD: 11.2) before their first visit; this was significantly shorter than those who did not. Eighteen respondents consulted their class teacher at school first and required a mean duration of 40.2 months (SD: 63.0) before their first visit; this was significantly longer (P < 0.05) than those who did not. When loss of sleep or appetite was present, the mean duration before their first visit was 9.3 months (SD: 12.1), which was significantly shorter (P < 0.05) than the time required by those who did not. Logistic regression analysis using the first episode‐first visit interval as an independent variable, and independent variables such as age, gender of the patient and family member, and loss of sleep, revealed that variables relating to the respondent's notion about the psychosis were mitigating factors (e.g. ‘prejudice‐causing’ and ‘nothing to do with me’).ConclusionPrejudice towards psychosis and poor awareness about mental illnesses are two factors that may affect early psychiatric intervention.
TANF’s 15th Anniversary and the Great Recession: are Low‐Income Mothers Celebrating Upward Economic Mobility?
Authors: Katz Sheila 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article examines the impact of welfare reform for the upward economic mobility of low‐income families at the fifteenth anniversary of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. The reformed policy was based on assumptions about participating families’ morality and encouraged states to move families off welfare through work and marriage without considering whether they were still poor. TANF was also implemented during an economic boom. Today, the US economy is suffering from the effects of the Great Recession, with many fearing a double dip recession. Poverty rates rose during the last 3 years and are currently above 15 percent. For the first time since 1996, the welfare rolls are increasing in many states. Welfare reform’s ‘work first’ approach did not create lasting upward economic mobility for low‐income families. As an alternative, I explore how higher education for welfare mothers will create opportunities for lasting upward mobility, even in times of recession.
Training on a new, portable, simple simulator transfers to performance of complex bronchoscopy procedures
Authors: Krogh Charlotte Loumann , Konge Lars , Bjurström Johanna , Ringsted Charlotte 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntroductionVirtual‐reality (VR) simulation provides a safe and effective learning environment prior to practicing on patients. However, existing bronchoscopy simulators are expensive and not easily portable.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of self‐directed training on a new, portable, simple simulator measured by transfer of skills to performance of more complex bronchoscopy procedures on an advanced VR simulator.MethodsTwenty medical students participated in the study. After a general introduction to bronchoscopy, they were randomised into two groups, receiving either self‐directed bronchoscopy training using a portable, simple simulator or no manual training. Subsequently, all participants were tested on complex scenarios in an advanced VR simulator using a validated bronchoscopy quality test. Bronchoscopy quality scores were compared using independent samples t‐test and correlated with a previously established pass‐fail standard.ResultsThe intervention group spent an average of 71‐min training on the new simulator. The intervention group performed significantly better than the control group, mean bronchoscopy quality score 0.55 [standard deviation (SD) 0.16] vs 0.36 (SD 0.10), P = 0.005, effect size = 1.47. Eight out of 10 participants in the intervention group passed the test compared with only 1 out of 10 in the control group.ConclusionThe effect of a brief, self‐directed training session using a portable, simple simulator was substantial and transferred to performance of more complex skills.
|SE|S|AM|E| Barcode: NGS‐oriented software for amplicon characterization – application to species and environmental barcoding
Authors: PIRY S. , GUIVIER E. , REALINI A. , MARTIN J.‐F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractProgress in NGS technologies has opened up new opportunities for characterizing biodiversity, both for individual specimen identification and for environmental barcoding. Although the amount of data available to biologist is increasing, user‐friendly tools to facilitate data analysis have yet to be developed. Our aim, with |SE|S|AM|E| Barcode, is to provide such support through a unified platform. The sequences are analysed through a pipeline that (i) processes NGS amplicon runs, filtering markers and samples, (ii) builds reference libraries and finally (iii) identifies (barcodes) the sequences in each amplicon from the reference library. We use a simulated data set for specimen identification and a recently published data set for environmental barcoding to validate the method. The results obtained are consistent with the expected characterizations (in silico and previously published, respectively). |SE|S|AM|E| Barcode and its documentation are freely available under the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Licence for Windows and Linux from http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/NGS/.
Effects of hepatitis B e‐antigen on recurrence of hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Qu Li‐Shuai , Zhu Jing , Chen Hong , Jin Fei , Ni Run‐Zhou , Lu Cui‐Hua 
Published: July 2012

Aim:  The impact of hepatitis B e‐antigen (HBeAg) on recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection remains controversial. This meta‐analysis aimed to determine whether the presence of HBeAg influenced the recurrence of HCC after curative resection.Methods:  We performed a meta‐analysis including six studies (a total of 865 patients) to assess the effect of HBeAg on recurrence of HCC after curative resection. The pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated using a random or fixed effects model. PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database were searched for articles published from 1990 to March 2012. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias estimate were also performed to evaluate the potential risk bias in the overall results of pooled analysis.Results:  Our results showed that the presence of HBeAg significantly increased the overall HCC recurrence risk after curative resection (OR = 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11–2.40; P = 0.01). Pooled data from three studies on the risk of early recurrence among HBeAg positive patients compared with HBeAg negative patients showed an increased risk of early recurrence (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.02–2.19; P = 0.04). However, there was no significant difference in late HCC recurrence between HBeAg positive and negative patients (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.62–2.19; P = 0.62).Conclusion:  The present study suggested that HBeAg positive patients had a significantly higher risk of early recurrence after curative resection of HCC.