bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of flavonoids and enterolactone in overnight urine as intake biomarkers of fruits, vegetables and beverages in the Inter99 cohort study using the method of triads
Authors: Krogholm Kirstine S. , Bysted Anette , Brantsæter Anne Lise , Jakobsen Jette , Rasmussen Salka E. , Kristoffersen Lis , Toft Ulla 
Published: March 2012

Since collection of 24 h urine samples is very time consuming and difficult to obtain, epidemiological studies typically only obtain spot urine samples. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether flavonoids and enterolactone in overnight urine could substitute flavonoids and enterolactone in 24 h urine as an alternative and more feasible biomarker of fruit, vegetable and beverage intake. A total of 191 individuals in the Inter99 cohort in Denmark completed the validation study. Concentrations of nine urinary flavonoid aglycones (quercetin, isorhamnetin, tamarixetin, kaempferol, hesperetin, naringenin, eriodictyol, phloretin and apigenin) and enterolactone were determined in overnight and 24 h urine samples, and their validity as biomarkers of fruit, vegetable and beverage intake was evaluated in relation to two independent reference methods (Inter99 FFQ data and plasma carotenoids) by using the method of triads. The intakes of fruit, juice, vegetables and tea reported in the FFQ were reflected by the flavonoid biomarker both in overnight and 24 h urine samples. Validity coefficients for the flavonoid biomarker in overnight urine ranged from 0·39 to 0·49, while the corresponding validity coefficients for the biomarker in 24 h urine ranged from 0·43 to 0·66. Although the validity coefficients were lower for overnight urine than for the 24 h urine flavonoid biomarker, they were still of acceptable magnitude. In conclusion, the results indicate that flavonoids and enterolactone in overnight urine samples may be used as a more feasible biomarker than 24 h urine for the assessment and validation of fruit, juice, vegetable and tea intakes in epidemiological studies.
Depressed fathers' speech to their 3-month-old infants: a study of cognitive and mentalizing features in paternal speech
Authors: Sethna V. , Murray L. , Ramchandani P. G. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundDepression in fathers in the postnatal period is associated with an increased risk of child behaviour problems. A key potential pathway of risk transmission is exposure of the child to negative cognitions and affect in the context of early parenting. This study examines paternal speech during face-to-face father–infant interactions at 3 months.MethodCurrently depressed (n=19) and non-depressed (n=19) fathers were individually matched on age and education. Speech was coded for cognitive biases and mentalizing statements using a modified version of previous measures of maternal speech. Paternal depression was diagnosed using a structured psychiatric interview.ResultsDepression in fathers was associated with more speech focused on the paternal experience and less on the infants' experience. Depressed fathers' speech comprised more negative and critical utterances, compared with non-depressed fathers.ConclusionsImportant differences emerge in the speech of fathers who experience depression. Examining negative cognitions in the speech of these fathers as early as 3 months may help in understanding children's risk in relation to paternal psychopathology.
The Servant Lord: A Word of Caution Regarding themunus triplexin Karl Barth's Theology and the Church Today
Authors: Johnson Adam J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractContemporary theology exhibits a lively interest in using the traditional doctrine of themunus triplex(the threefold mediatorial office of Christ as prophet, priest and king) to unify our understanding of the person and work of Jesus Christ and ground it in the Old Testament witness. This article explores Karl Barth's contribution to this trend and draws from it a set of reflections for the church today. Scholarly consensus suggests that Barth offers an exceptionally robust development of themunus triplexin shaping the formal structure and material content of his doctrine of reconciliation. In this article I contend that his use of this concept is actually quite superficial in nature. As scholars are wont to point out, Barth incorporates themunus triplexinto eye-catching summary statements throughoutCDIV – but these statements are more ambiguous than they might at first seem. A closer examination of the details of his account of the work of Christ, and particularly his hamartiology, demonstrates that themunus triplexdoes not substantially inform his treatment of these subjects, and that his own unique christological concerns provide the determining influence. While Barth was eager to align his position with that of Reformed orthodoxy, focusing on themunus triplexultimately distracts the reader from his primary concerns. Much the same is true for the church today – when used as a sufficient interpretative device for offering an account of the person and work of Jesus Christ, themunus triplexsuffers the fate of many an artificial schema for biblical interpretation, distracting us from the breadth and depth of the biblical witness by offering an overly tidy, artificially organised account of the material. Nevertheless, when modestly employed, it remains a significant though limited conceptual device for understanding Christ's person and work, which the church should employ in several ways so as to integrate the Old and New Testaments in its proclamation of the Gospel.
The language phenotype of a small geographically isolated Russian-speaking population: Implications for genetic and clinical studies of developmental language disorder
Authors: RAKHLIN NATALIA , KORNILOV SERGEY A. , PALEJEV DEAN , KOPOSOV ROMAN A. , CHANG JOSEPH T. , GRIGORENKO ELENA L. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis article describes the results of an epidemiological study of developmental language disorder (DLD) in an isolated rural Russian population. We report an atypically high prevalence of DLD across all age groups when contrasted with a comparison population. The results are corroborated by a set of comparisons of school-aged children from the target population with their age peers and mean length of utterance matches from the comparison population. We also investigate the relationship between nonverbal cognition, verbal working memory, and expressive language performance in the population, and find statistically significant but small effect sizes. Finally, we describe the complex and heterogeneous structure of the phenotype in the population along with patterns of its vertical transmission on the basis of the exemplar pedigrees, and discuss the implications of our findings for genetic and clinical studies of DLD.
White Matter Changes in OCD Revealed by Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Authors: Fontenelle Leonardo F. , Bramati Ivanei E. , Moll Jorge , Mendlowicz Mauro V. , de Oliveira-Souza Ricardo , Tovar-Moll Fernanda 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate white matter (WM) abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and its relationship to severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.MethodsConventional and diffusion tensor imaging were acquired in nine patients with OCD and nine gender- and age-matched healthy volunteers. Changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were investigated using selected regions of interest (ROIs) analyses and whole brain tract-based spatial statistic analyses. A priori ROIs were placed bilaterally in internal capsule (IC), superior longitudinal fascicule (SLF), cingulate bundle (CB), and corpus calosum (CC).ResultsROIs analyses showed that, as compared to healthy volunteers, patients with OCD exhibited reduced FA values bilaterally in regions of the posterior limb of the IC and in the SLF and increased MD values bilaterally in the posterior limb of the IC, in the left CB, and in the splenium of CC. Voxelwise analysis showed that, as compared to controls, patients with OCD exhibited reduced FA and increased MD in regions of the cortical spinal tract (genu and posterior limb of internal capsule and corona radiata) and the SLF. Severity of OCD correlated with WM alterations in different brain regions, ie, the left (rho=0.70 [MD]) and right (rho=0.70 [MD]) anterior limb of the IC, the left (rho=0.97 [MD]) and right SLF (rho=0.81 [MD]), and the genu of CC (rho=0.66 [MD]; rho=-0.69 [FA]).ConclusionOur findings support the involvement of different WM tracts in OCD and suggest that greater impairment in WM integrity is associated with increased severity of OCD symptoms.
Norms for Performance in the Workplace in Healthy People: Data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Study
Authors: Deckersbach Thilo , Stange Jonathan P. , Nierenberg Andrew A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroductionPsychiatric conditions affect multiple areas of psychosocial functioning, including functioning in the workplace. The purpose of this study was to establish norms for absenteeism (work days missed due to mental or physical illness) and work performance (quality of work performed when at work) for healthy individuals.MethodsWe selected 300 individuals without psychiatric or medical conditions from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication study (NCS-R). Absenteeism and work performance were assessed using the NCS-R version of the Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ).ResultsEmployees missed an average of 5.1 days of work in the past year. Absenteeism varied across occupations, with performers of routine tasks, office clerks, and professionals exhibiting the greatest variance in days missed. Work performance ratings were skewed toward high performance ratings and did not differ across occupations. Gender, age, race/ethnicity, and education level did not substantially moderate absenteeism and work performance norms.DiscussionSkewed ratings for work performance are consistent with previous findings using the HPQ. This may reflect a general tendency that individuals rate themselves favorably when they compare themselves to others.ConclusionThis study provides normative tables for absenteeism and work performance in individuals without psychiatric or medical conditions, against which individuals with such conditions may be compared.
Obsessive Musical Hallucinations in a Schizophrenia Patient: Psychopathological and fMRI Characteristics
Authors: Bleich-Cohen Maya , Hendler Talma , Pashinian Artashes , Faragian Sarit , Poyurovsky Michael 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) are relatively common and clinically significant phenomena in schizophrenia patients, suggesting the existence of a separate schizo-obsessive subgroup of the disorder. Although a majority of schizo-obsessive patients have typical ego-dystonic OCS, a meaningful proportion exhibits diagnostically challenging psychopathological phenomena, psychotic in content and obsessive in form. We report the clinical and functional magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of a schizophrenia patient who developed auditory hallucinations with musical content and obsessive in form. We suggest that “obsessive musical hallucinations”, that integrate both psychotic and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-related features, may be mediated by the brain networks believed to be involved in OCD and in auditory musical hallucinations.
Generic Substitution of Antiepileptics: Need for a Balanced View
Authors: Peterson Gregory M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThere is considerable interest and debate concerning the place of generic substitution, especially relating to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Sadly, one of the causes of the ongoing debate is confusion, often intentionally fueled by the pharmaceutical industry among health professionals and patients regarding the regulatory determination of bioequivalence. Few understand the correct definition. It is often erroneously stated that to be considered bioequivalent there is an allowed difference in the extent and rate of absorption of 80% to 125% between a generic drug product and the branded standard. This is false and implies that there is a wide leniency allowed, with varying clinical outcomes probable. This myth needs to be countered to ensure the safety of patients. A balanced review of the issues surrounding the generic substitution of AEDs is presented.
Clinical and Pharmacologic Perspectives on the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Jefferson James W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is commonly encountered in clinical practice but is often underdiagnosed and undertreated, in part because many patients present only with vague somatic complaints instead of typical depressed symptomatology. Once diagnosed, patients with MDD can be treated with pharmacologic and/or nonpharmacologic therapies, but it is difficult to predict how or whether an individual will respond. Studies have shown that the majority of depressed patients fail to remit with initial therapy and, even if remission is achieved, many patients will relapse. While the management of patients with MDD presents challenges, data indicate that the achievement and maintenance of remission can be improved by frequent follow-ups with a clinician who can provide individualized education/support and appropriate referral to other healthcare specialists. Novel pharmacotherapies that are formulated for oncedaily dosing with improved safety profiles can improve adherence to treatment and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with MDD.
Spatial and temporal variability of biogenic isoprene emissions from a temperate estuary
Authors: Exton D. A. , Suggett D. J. , Steinke M. , McGenity T. J. 
Published: March 2012

Isoprene is important for its atmospheric impacts and the ecophysiological benefits it affords to emitting organisms; however, isoprene emissions from marine systems remain vastly understudied compared to terrestrial systems. This study investigates for the first time drivers of isoprene production in a temperate estuary, and the role this production may play in enabling organisms to tolerate the inherently wide range of environmental conditions. Intertidal sediment cores as well as high and low tide water samples were collected from four sites along the Colne Estuary, UK, every six weeks over a year. Isoprene concentrations in the water were significantly higher at low than high tide, and decreased toward the mouth of the estuary; sediment production showed no spatial variability. Diel isoprene concentration increased with light availability and decreased with tidal height; nighttime production was 79% lower than daytime production. Seasonal isoprene production and water concentrations were highest for the warmest months, with production strongly correlated with light (r2 = 0.800) and temperature (r2 = 0.752). Intertidal microphytobenthic communities were found to be the primary source of isoprene, with tidal action acting as a concentrating factor for isoprene entering the water column. Using these data we estimated an annual production rate for this estuary of 681 μmol m−2 y−1. This value falls at the upper end of other marine estimates and highlights the potentially significant role of estuaries as isoprene sources. The control of estuarine isoprene production by environmental processes identified here further suggests that such emissions may be altered by future environmental change.
Lithospheric and upper mantle structure of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yue Han , Chen Y. John , Sandvol Eric , Ni James , Hearn Thomas , Zhou Shiyong , Feng Yongge , Ge Zengxi , Trujillo Andrea , Wang Yanbin , Jin Ge , Jiang Mingming , Tang Youcai , Liang Xiaofeng , Wei Songqiao , Wang Haiyang , Fan Wenyuan , Liu Zheng 
Published: March 2012

We use receiver functions calculated for data collected by the INDEPTH‐IV seismic array to image the three‐dimensional geometry of the crustal and upper mantle velocity discontinuities beneath northeastern Tibet. Our results indicate an average crustal thickness of 65 to 70 km in northern Tibet. In addition, we observe a 20 km Moho offset beneath the northern margin of the Kunlun Mountains, a 10 km Moho offset across the Jinsha River Suture and gently northward dipping Moho beneath the Qaidam Basin. A region in the central Qiangtang Terrane with higher than normal crustal Vp/Vs ratio of ∼1.83 can be the result of the Eocene magmatic event. In the Qiangtang Terrane, we observe a significant lithospheric mantle discontinuity beneath the Bangong‐Nujiang Suture at 80 km depth which dips ∼10° to the north, reaching ∼120 km depth. We interpret this feature as either a piece of Lhasa Terrane or remnant oceanic slab underthrust below northern Tibet. We detect a ∼20 km depression of the 660‐km discontinuity in the mantle transition zone beneath the northern Lhasa Terrane in central Tibet, which suggests this phase transition has been influenced by a dense and/or cold oceanic slab. A modest ∼10 km depression of the 410‐km discontinuity located beneath the northern Qiangtang Terrane may be the result of localized warm upwelling associated with small‐scale convection induced by the penetration of the sinking Indian continental lithosphere into the transition zone beneath the central Tibetan Plateau.
Seismic evidence of tectonic control on the depth of water influx into incoming oceanic plates at subduction trenches
Authors: Lefeldt M. , Ranero C. R. , Grevemeyer I. 
Published: March 2012

Water transported by slabs into the mantle at subduction zones plays key roles in tectonics, magmatism, fluid and volatiles fluxes, and most likely in the chemical evolution of the Earth's oceans and mantle. Yet, incorporation of water into oceanic plates before subduction is a poorly understood process. Several studies suggest that plates may acquire most water at subduction trenches because the ocean crust and uppermost mantle there are intensely faulted caused by bending and/or slab pull, and display anomalously low seismic velocities. The low velocities are interpreted to arise from a combination of fluid‐filled fractures associated to normal faulting and mineral transformation by hydration. Mantle hydration by transformation of nominally dry peridotite to water‐rich serpentinite could potentially create the largest fluid reservoir in slabs and is therefore the most relevant for the transport of water in the deep mantle. The depth of fracturing by normal‐fault earthquakes is usually not well constrained, but could potentially create deep percolation paths for water that might hydrate up to tens of kilometers into the mantle, restrained only by serpentine stability. Yet, interpretation of deep intraplate mineral alteration remains speculative because active‐source seismic experiments have sampled only the uppermost few kilometers of mantle, leaving the depth‐extent of anomalous velocities and their relation to faulting unconstrained. Here we use a joint inversion of active‐source seismic data, and both local and regional earthquakes to map the three dimensional distribution of anomalous velocities under a seismic network deployed at the trench seafloor. We found that anomalous velocities are restrained to the depth of normal‐fault micro‐earthquake activity recorded in the network, and are considerably shallower than either the rupture depth of teleseismic, normal‐fault earthquakes, or the limit of serpentine stability. Extensional micro‐earthquakes indicate that each fault in the region slips every 2–3 months which may facilitate regular water percolation. Deeper, teleseismic earthquakes are comparatively infrequent, and possibly do not cause significant fracturing that remains open long enough to promote alteration detectable with our seismic study. Our results show that the stability field of serpentine does not constrain the depth of potential mantle hydration.
Spherical‐Earth finite element model of short‐term postseismic deformation following the 2004 Sumatra earthquake
Authors: Hu Yan , Wang Kelin 
Published: March 2012

Decadal‐scale postseismic deformation of subduction earthquakes has been widely modeled using a Maxwell viscoelastic Earth with a mantle‐wedge viscosity of about 1019 Pa s. Short‐term postseismic deformation within a few years after the earthquake remains a more challenging problem because of the predominance of afterslip of the megathrust and the potentially more complex mantle rheology. Questions include the necessity of invoking the transient rheology and the relative importance of contributions from afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation. In this work, we address these questions by developing a spherical‐Earth viscoelastic finite element model for the short‐term postseismic deformation following the magnitude 9.2 Sumatra earthquake of 2004. The model consists of elastic overriding and subducting plates and a viscoelastic mantle of bi‐viscous Burgers rheology, with the continental mantle (mantle wedge) being less viscous than the oceanic mantle by a factor of ten. Primary observational constraints for the short‐term postseismic deformation include ∼1 year net displacements of nine near‐field GPS sites and ∼3 year time series from three far‐field sites several hundred kilometers from the 2004 rupture zone. Model results indicate that the afterslip of the fault must be at work within the first few years after the earthquake. The observed deformation is best explained with a model that includes both the afterslip and transient rheology. In the preferred model, the transient and steady state viscosities of the mantle wedge are 5 × 1017 Pa s and 1019 Pa s, respectively.
Codonopsis pilosula twines either to the left or to the right
Authors: Lin Gonghua , Zhao Fang , Nevo Eviatar , Zhang Tongzuo , Su Jianping 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report the twining handedness of Codonopsis pilosula, which has either a left- or right-handed helix among different plants, among different tillers within a single plant, and among different branches within a single tiller. The handedness was randomly distributed among different plants, among the tillers within the same plants, but not among the branches within the same tillers. Moreover, the handedness of the stems can be strongly influenced by external forces, i.e. the compulsory left and right forming inclined to produce more left- and right-handed twining stems, respectively, and the reversing could make a left-handed stem to be right-handed and vice versa. We also discuss the probable mechanisms these curious cases happen.