bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient contents and microbial communities as mediators of the effects of land-use in ecosystem functioning in alpine ecosystems from Central Mexico
Authors: Carrasco-Espinosa Karen , Avitia Morena , Santini Nadia S. , Escalante Ana E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The interplay between microbial taxonomy, functional diversity, and land-use changes across diverse ecosystems must be better understood. This study explores, through a statistical modeling approach, the intricate relationships between microbial communities, soil properties (nutrient contents and physicochemical parameters), and land-use changes, using stable isotopes ratio (δ13C/δ15N) as ecosystem function indicator.

Methods
Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) this study aims to investigate how soil microbial communities, soil properties and ecosystem function are interconnected in three ecosystems undergoing land-use change in Nevado de Toluca, Mexico.

Results
Multivariate analyses of microbial communities and soil parameters for the different land-uses reveal significant variation in both microbial composition and soil properties (i.e. nutrient contents) mainly explained by the land-use history of the studied ecosystems. Through the SEM approach, it was possible to disentangle the relative contribution of land-use change, microbial community composition and nutrient contents to the ecosystem function defined as the δ13C/δ15N ratio.

Conclusions
Microbial communities are the main drivers of soil ecosystem functioning. However, through SEM approach it is possible to formally test direct and indirect relationships impacting microbial communities and the resulting functional consequences, contributing to a mechanistic understanding of the ecological implications of land-use change, aiding in sustainable land-use decision-making.
Robust prostate disease classification using transformers with discrete representations
Authors: Santhirasekaram Ainkaran , Winkler Mathias , Rockall Andrea , Glocker Ben 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Automated prostate disease classification on multi-parametric MRI has recently shown promising results with the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The vision transformer (ViT) is a convolutional free architecture which only exploits the self-attention mechanism and has surpassed CNNs in some natural imaging classification tasks. However, these models are not very robust to textural shifts in the input space. In MRI, we often have to deal with textural shift arising from varying acquisition protocols. Here, we focus on the ability of models to generalise well to new magnet strengths for MRI.

Method:
We propose a new framework to improve the robustness of vision transformer-based models for disease classification by constructing discrete representations of the data using vector quantisation. We sample a subset of the discrete representations to form the input into a transformer-based model. We use cross-attention in our transformer model to combine the discrete representations of T2-weighted and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images.

Results:
We analyse the robustness of our model by training on a 1.5 T scanner and test on a 3 T scanner and vice versa. Our approach achieves SOTA performance for classification of lesions on prostate MRI and outperforms various other CNN and transformer-based models in terms of robustness to domain shift and perturbations in the input space.

Conclusion:
We develop a method to improve the robustness of transformer-based disease classification of prostate lesions on MRI using discrete representations of the T2-weighted and ADC images.
Das Projekt Wohl.Fühlen
Authors: Fleischmann Nina , Dietrich Emily Zoe 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In einer alternden Gesellschaft und damit steigenden Zahl von in Pflegeeinrichtungen lebenden Menschen gibt es in diesem Setting Bedarf, gesundheitsfördernde und präventive Konzepte zu entwickeln und anzubieten. Grundlage hierzu ist das 2015 verabschiedete Präventionsgesetz.

Ziel der Arbeit
Sechs voll- und teilstationäre Einrichtungen in Niedersachsen und Bremen wurden begleitet, gesundheitsfördernde und präventive Konzepte auf partizipativer Ebene zu entwickeln. Das Projekt Wohl.Fühlen greift mit Gewaltprävention und sexueller Selbstbestimmung zwei Themen auf, die bisher in diesem Kontext nur selten adressiert werden. Diese Arbeit berichtet den Anteil der Evaluation.

Material und Methoden
Ein exploratives Design und qualitative Methoden wurden angewendet. In den Einrichtungen wurden Steuerungsgruppen mit heterogener Zusammensetzung gebildet und Personen aus eben diesen interviewt.

Ergebnisse
Durch das Projekt sind ein stärkeres Bewusstsein und Sensibilität für die fokussierten Themen entstanden. Veränderungen werden außerhalb der Steuerungsgruppen wenig wahrgenommen. Es besteht die Annahme, dass konkrete Veränderungen erst später sichtbar werden können. Vernetzung hat stattgefunden und wird als hilfreich wahrgenommen, zeigt aber noch Ausbaupotentiale.

Diskussion
Die Barrieren in Strukturen und Rahmenbedingungen (teil)stationärer Altenpflege bestätigen sich auch in der Evaluation anderer Projekte im Kontext des Präventionsgesetzes. Insbesondere im Kontext der COVID-19-Pandemie hat das Thema Gewaltprävention nochmals an Bedeutung gewonnen.

Schlussfolgerung
Sexualität und die Vorbeugung von gewaltbehafteten Situationen sind essentielle Themen in Pflegeeinrichtungen. Wohl.Fühlen hat Wege aufgezeigt, sensible Themen besprechbar zu machen.
Industrieplattformen als Markt‑, Produktions- und Innovationsflächen. Feldvermessungen und theoretisch-konzeptionelle Überlegungen
Authors: Dolata Ulrich 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser eher erkundende und Fährten auslegende als forschungsschließende Aufsatz plädiert für eine dringend notwendige Perspektivverschiebung: von der Konzentration der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung auf die im Alltagsleben allgegenwärtigen Plattformen des konsum- und kommunikationsbasierten Internets hin zur Untersuchung der weit weniger im Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit stehenden plattformorientierten Reorganisation industrieller Distributions‑, Produktions- und Innovationsprozesse. Auf der Basis der vorliegenden Literatur und eigener empirischer Recherchen werden eine Kartierung und Einordnung dieses noch wenig erschlossenen Feldes vorgenommen, typische Strukturmuster und Varianten von Industrieplattformen herausgearbeitet und deren Eigenheiten mit denjenigen des konsum- und kommunikationsbasierten Internets verglichen. Im Anschluss wird in theoretisch-konzeptioneller Perspektive argumentiert, dass sich mit Industrieplattformen die Herausbildung einer eigenständigen Organisations- und Koordinationsform von Markt‑, Produktions- und Innovationsprozessen andeutet, die sich insbesondere von industriellen Kooperationsnetzwerken substanziell abhebt und deren dominierender Koordinationsmodus als regelbasierte Kuratierung gefasst werden kann.
Review: The Role of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Detecting Monosodium Urate Deposits in Vascular Tissues
Authors: Held Julia , Haschka David , Lacaita Pietro G. , Feuchtner Gudrun M. , Klotz Werner , Stofferin Hannes , Duftner Christina , Weiss Günter , Klauser Andrea S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To highlight novel findings in the detection of monosodium urate deposits in vessels using dual energy computed tomography, and to discuss the potential clinical implications for gout and hyperuricemia patients.

Recent Findings
Gout is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, classical risk calculators do not take into account these hazards, and parameters to identify patients at risk are lacking. Monosodium urate measured by dual energy computed tomography is a well-established technology for the detection and quantification of monosodium urate deposits in peripheral joints and tendons. Recent findings also suggest its applicability to identify vascular urate deposits.

Summary
Dual energy computed tomography is a promising tool for detection of cardiovascular monosodium urate deposits in gout patients, to better delineate individuals at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
Public Health and Children’s Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Li Zhi , Wang Yudong , Ma KeJun , Liu Lu , Bao Yijun , Shi Xin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the study of children's subjective well-being has garnered escalating global attention, with its research themes becoming increasingly diverse. However, this field still lacks a systematic review and analysis. Drawing upon the Web of Science database, this study retrieved 32,112 relevant articles published between 2003 and 2022, focusing on the theme of children's subjective well-being. After rigorous screening, 23,711 publications were ultimately retained for analysis. Utilizing bibliometric methods, this study conducted network visualization analysis across multiple dimensions, including countries, institutions, journals, authors, and keywords, aiming to comprehensively reveal the current research landscape of children's subjective well-being. Furthermore, theme modeling techniques were employed to delve into the patterns of theme evolution, and cluster analysis was conducted to categorize related themes. Through qualitative analysis, this study uncovered the developmental trajectory and future research directions in the field of children's subjective well-being. The findings indicate that, in the realm of children's subjective well-being research, developed countries such as those in Europe, America, and Australia have contributed over 30% of the research efforts, both in terms of publication volume and impact. Among them, the United States holds a leading position. The research themes have gradually evolved from an initial focus on the children themselves to exploring their surrounding environments and further delving into the psychological impacts and well-being of children amidst public health emergencies. Notably, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted scholars to delve deeper into children's well-being, shifting the focus of research from mere exploration of mental health to a more nuanced investigation of psychological impacts. Looking ahead, areas such as public health, psychological impacts, and children's dietary health will emerge as crucial directions for future exploration in the field of children's subjective well-being research, offering significant potential for investigation.
Dynamical behavior of a hepatitis B epidemic model and its NSFD scheme
Authors: Gümüş Mehmet , Türk Kemal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHepatitis is inflammation of the liver, and one of its types, hepatitis B, is a contagious infection. Using mathematical models, the nature of the spread of the Hepatitis B virus can be predicted. In the present paper, a hepatitis B epidemic model with a Beddington–DeAngelis type incidence rate and a constant vaccination rate is considered. Some dynamical properties of this model, such as non-negativity, boundedness character, the basic reproduction number$$\mathcal {R}_0$$R0, stability nature, and the bifurcation phenomenon, are investigated. By the Bendixson theorem, it is demonstrated that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. It is shown that a transcritical bifurcation phenomenon occurs when$$\mathcal {R}_0=1$$R0=1. It is concluded that the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when$$\mathcal {R}_0>1$$R0>1, by utilizing Dulac’s criteria. Also, a discrete system of difference equations is obtained by constructing a non-standard finite difference (NSFD) scheme for the continuous model. It is shown that the solutions of this discrete system are dynamically consistent for all finite step sizes. The theoretical results obtained are also supported and visualized by numerical simulations. These simulations also demonstrate that the NSFD scheme produces much more efficient results than the Euler or RK4 schemes, as shown in the theoretical results obtained.
On the integration of $$L^0$$-Banach $$L^0$$-modules and its applications to vector calculus on $$\textsf{RCD}$$ spaces
Authors: Caputo Emanuele , Lučić Milica , Pasqualetto Enrico , Vojnović Ivana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A finite-dimensional

$$\textsf{RCD}$$

RCD

space can be foliated into sufficiently regular leaves, where a differential calculus can be performed. Two important examples are given by the measure-theoretic boundary of the superlevel set of a function of bounded variation and the needle decomposition associated to a Lipschitz function. The aim of this paper is to connect the vector calculus on the lower dimensional leaves with the one on the base space. In order to achieve this goal, we develop a general theory of integration of

$$L^0$$

L
0

-Banach

$$L^0$$

L
0

-modules of independent interest. Roughly speaking, we study how to ‘patch together’ vector fields defined on the leaves that are measurable with respect to the foliation parameter.
Assessing salinity hazards in coastal aquifers: implications of temperature boundary conditions on aquifer–ocean interaction
Authors: Abd-Elaty Ismail , Kuriqi Alban , Ahmed Ashraf 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInvestigating the repercussions of climate change and irrigation timing on groundwater contamination necessitates thorough examination of the fluctuations in seawater and groundwater recharge temperature. This study introduces an innovative numerical approach to analyze groundwater salinity and temperature dynamics across three distinct scenarios using the SEAWAT code based on Henry's problem. The first scenario delves into the impact of seawater temperature, the second focuses on the consequences of aquifer freshwater recharge temperature, and the third amalgamates the effects of both scenarios. Remarkably, the study reveals that saltwater intrusion (SWI) experiences a decline attributable to the aquifer's heightened seawater temperature and the diminished inland freshwater temperature. Furthermore, combining these two scenarios has a more pronounced effect on aquifer pollution; the temperature-induced changes in SWI for this third scanrio reach + 8.10%, + 12.70%, + 16.20%, + 24.90%, + 28.30%, and + 31.80% compared to the case without considering the temperature effect. Notably, our results propose a potential strategy to mitigate SWI by introducing cold freshwater recharge into aquifers, such as irrigation at night time when water temperature is low. This innovative approach underscores the interconnectedness of various environmental factors. It provides a practical avenue for proactive intervention in safeguarding groundwater quality against the adverse impacts of climate change and irrigation practices.
Carbamazepine adsorption with a series of organoclays: removal and toxicity analyses
Authors: Viegas Rayanne M. A. , Melo Marlon L. , Brandão Lima Luciano C. , Garcia Ramón R. P. , Filho Edson C. Silva , Osajima Josy A. , Chiavone-Filho Osvaldo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganoclays have been used as efficient adsorbents for pharmaceutical pollutants present in waters. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the drugs most frequently found in water bodies. In this study, four organoclays were prepared by modifying bentonite with the cationic surfactants hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) and octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, CHN, FTIR, TG, BET and SEM analyses, confirming organophilization. The surfactants were interspersed in different arrangements in the interlayer space. CBZ sorption was investigated through batch equilibrium experiments, under variation of the pH, contact time, dosage of adsorbent, and initial drug concentration. Changes in pH showed no adsorption influence. CBZ sorption by the organoclays followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics. The best sorption performance was obtained for the BCN1-HDTMA100 clay, with a capacity of 34.34 ± 1.41 mg g−1, about ten times greater than the unmodified bentonite under the same conditions. This may be attributed to the higher surfactant content. The adsorption isotherm at 25 ºC showed linear behavior. Toxicity tests of the organoclays and corresponding medium in presence of CBZ were carried out. This is a novelty report. Most of the organoclays had no toxicity against Artemia salina. The toxicity of the medium after adsorptive treatment was eliminated. Organoclay-CBZ hybrids were also characterized after adsorption. FTIR and TG analyzes confirmed the incorporation of the drug. Hydrophobic interaction was the dominant contribution evaluated to the adsorption of CBZ. The results demonstrated that organoclays can be a promising alternative adsorbent for the removal of pharmaceutical pollutants in water remediation.
Hydrogen, medium-range airplane design optimization for minimal global warming impact
Authors: Proesmans P. , Vos Roelof 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on the conceptual design optimization of liquid hydrogen aircraft and their performance in terms of climate impact, cash operating cost, and energy consumption. An automated, multidisciplinary design framework for kerosene-powered aircraft is extended to design liquid hydrogen-powered aircraft at a conceptual level. A hydrogen tank is integrated into the aft section of the fuselage, increasing the operating empty mass and wetted area. Furthermore, the gas model of the engine is adapted to account for the hydrogen combustion products. It is concluded that for medium-range, narrow-body aircraft using hydrogen technology, the climate impact can be minimized by flying at an altitude of 6.0 km at which contrails are eliminated and the impact due to $$\hbox {NO}_{\textrm{x}}$$

NO
x

emissions is expected to be small. However, this leads to a deteriorated cruise performance in terms of energy and operating cost due to the lower lift-to-drag ratio (– 11%) and lower engine overall efficiency (– 10%) compared to the energy-optimal solutions. Compared to cost-optimal kerosene aircraft, the average temperature response can be reduced by 73–99% by employing liquid hydrogen, depending on the design objective. However, this reduction in climate impact leads to an increase in cash operating cost of 28–39% when considering 2030 hydrogen price estimates. Nevertheless, an analysis of future kerosene and hydrogen prices shows that this cost difference can be significantly decreased beyond 2030.
Mechanical and Environmental Analysis of Granular Subbase with Fine Crumb Rubber
Authors: Salcedo Fontalvo José Eduardo , Vega A. Daniela L. , Castro Cabeza Andrea , Ramirez Lozano Camilo , Lopez Rengifo Sainner 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe increasing manufacturing of tires, driven by the automotive sector, has led to various sustainability and waste management issues. Consequently, it is necessary to explore alternatives for the reuse of these wastes. Rubber has demonstrated properties that could make it an attractive material for use as a granular aggregate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of crumb rubber (CR) on the mechanical behavior of a granular subbase (GSB) by replacing fine CR at 10% and 15%. An environmental analysis of the proposal was conducted using the SimaPro tool, and a series of laboratory tests were performed to assess physical and mechanical characteristics. The strength results indicate a decreasing trend as the CR content in the GSB increases. Specifically, in abrasion tests, the natural material showed an average result of 30.86%, while the mixes with 10% and 15% CR exceeded the maximum limit (50%), achieving results of 59.24% and 53.98%, respectively. In terms of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR), only the natural samples compacted at maximum energy exceeded the minimum requirements for low and medium traffic levels (30%). The highest CBR value for samples containing CR was 5%, whereas the natural GSB reached a maximum CBR of 33%. A similar trend is observed in environmental outcomes, with increases of up to 17% in abiotic depletion for the sample with 15% CR. Overall, the environmental analysis suggests that incorporating CR into the GSB could lead to an increase in various environmental impacts.
The Innovative Approach to Real-Time Detection of Fuel Types Based on Ultrasonic Sensor and Machine Learning
Authors: Patlak Mevlüt , Çunkaş Mehmet , Taskiran Ugur 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an approach to prevent the incorrect transfer of fuel to the wrong tank during refueling. An experimental setup was developed to perform ultrasonic and dielectric measurements on diesel, gasoline, ethanol, and water. The fuel types were determined using an ultrasonic sensor and time-of-flight values were measured at various temperatures. Additionally, the dielectric coefficients of these liquids were measured to determine the liquid types using a dielectric sensor. The results obtained from both the ultrasonic and dielectric methods are systematically compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are thoroughly discussed. It was observed that dielectric method does not always yield accurate results. The proposed system effectively prevents erroneous transfer of fuel to the tank during refueling. The developed system may be used in practice to distinguish fuel types. In addition, a new approach using machine learning techniques to determine fuel type is presented. Fuel types were classified using 33 machine learning algorithms such as support vector machines, artificial neural networks and K-Nearest neighbors. It seems that artificial neural network with first layer size 25 and quadratic discriminant classifiers have achieved remarkable results with a success rate of 94% in classification. The results highlight the important and effective role of ultrasonic sensors in accurately identifying fuel types, leading to more efficient and safer storage and transportation of fuel. It is also concluded that machine learning techniques can be used effectively in identifying and classifying fuel types. The approach involving ultrasonic and artificial intelligence techniques was particularly innovative in distinguishing fuel types.