bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustained, high transgene expression in liver with plasmid vectors using optimized promoter‐enhancer combinations
Authors: Magnusson Terese , Haase Rudolf , Schleef Martin , Wagner Ernst , Ogris Manfred 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundPlasmid‐based gene therapy approaches often lack long‐term transgene expression in vivo as a result of silencing or loss of the vector. One way to overcome these limitations is to combine nonsilenced promoters with strong enhancers.MethodsIn the present study, we combine murine or human cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐derived enhancer elements with the human elongation factor 1α (EF1α) promoter in a plasmid backbone devoid of potentially immunostimulating cytosine‐guanine repeat sequences. Luciferase transgene activity was monitored in mouse liver after hydrodynamic plasmid delivery.ResultsLuciferase activity of a CMV‐promoter driven plasmid rapidly declined within days, whereas the activity of the EF1α driven plasmid remained high for 2 weeks (murine enhancer) and detectable for > 80 days (human enhancer). Expression levels clearly correlated with higher plasmid copy number found in the liver at 2 months after gene delivery. Furthermore, we developed a novel synthetic CMV‐EF1α hybrid promoter (SCEP) combining the high activity of CMV and sustained activity of EF1α promoter. The SCEP led to a constitutive three‐fold increase in expression levels compared to the EF1α promoter in vivo.ConclusionsThis novel combination of enhancer and promoter element with optimized plasmid backbones will pave the way for more efficient nonviral approaches in gene therapy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assignment of the 15N resonances of the antifungal agent posaconazole
Authors: Hilton Bruce D. , Feng Wenqing , Martin Gary E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe structurally complex antifungal agent posaconazole has been well characterized by conventional 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR studies. In contrast, 15N resonance assignments have never been reported. We now wish to report the assignment of the eight 15N resonances of posaconazole using two‐dimensional long‐range 1H‐15N GHMBCAD NMR data. The 15N resonance assignments were undertaken to facilitate the evaluation of the impact of 1H‐15N heteronuclear shift correlation data in the Computer‐Assisted Structure Elucidation (CASE) of complex molecular structures. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Piperidine‐mediated synthesis of thiazolyl chalcones and their derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents
Authors: Venkatesan P. , Maruthavanan T. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA series of new thiazolyl chalcones, 1‐[2‐amino‐4‐methyl‐1, 3‐thiazol‐5‐yl]‐3‐aryl‐prop‐2‐en‐1‐one were prepared by piperidine mediated Claisen‐Schmidt condensation of thiazolyl ketone with substituted aromatic aldehyde. These chalcones on cyclization gave 2‐amino‐6‐(2‐amino‐4‐methyl‐1,3‐thiazol‐5‐yl)‐4‐aryl‐4H‐pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile and 2‐amino‐6‐(2‐amino‐4‐methyl‐1,3‐thiazol‐5‐yl)‐4‐aryl‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carbonitrile. The results showed that this skeletal framework exhibited marked potency as antimicrobial agents. The most active antibacterial agent was 2‐amino‐6‐(2‐amino‐4‐methyl‐1,3‐thiazol‐5‐yl)‐4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carbonitrile while 2‐amino‐6‐(2‐amino‐4‐methyl‐1,3‐thiazol‐5‐yl)‐4‐(4‐methoyphenyl)‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carbonitrile appeared to be the most active antifungal agent. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Oximes as products in the reactions of 5‐substituted 2‐nitrothiophenes with arylacetonitriles
Authors: Rad Nazar I. , Teslenko Yuriy O. , Obushak Mykola D. , Matiychuk Vasyl S. , Lytvyn Roman Z. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIt has been shown that reactions 5‐substituted 2‐nitrothiophenes with arylacetonitriles in the presence of potassium hydroxide in methanol lead to the formation of the new [2‐(hydroxyimino)‐5‐R‐3(2H)‐thienylidene](aryl)acetonitriles. Under proposed reaction conditions, the formation of thieno[2,3‐c]isoxazole was not the case. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of antimicrobial activities of a new class of macrocyclic phosphonates
Authors: Chandra Sekhar Reddy G. , Uma Ravi Sankar A. , Veera Narayana Reddy M. , Radha Rani C. , Suresh Reddy C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA series of a new class of phosphorus analogue macrocycles was accomplished by condensation of N‐substituted‐[bis(3,5‐dimethyl‐2‐hydroxybenzyl)]‐amines with various phosphorus dichlorides in dry toluene in the presence of triethylamine at 0–50°C. All the title compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity to determine their efficacy and were effective in suppressing the growth of bacteria and fungi. The chemical structures of the title products were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C, 31P‐NMR, mass spectral studies, and elemental analysis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
NMR and X‐ray structural studies on 3‐benzyl‐8‐bromoadenine
Authors: Siah Huey‐San Melanie , Görbitz Carl Henrik , Gundersen Lise‐Lotte 
Published: June 2011

Abstract8‐Bromoadenine was benzylated in the presence of base to give a mixture of two regioisomers. One was easily recognized as 9‐benzyl‐8‐bromoadenine, but the other structure could not be determined with absolute certainty by NMR. Therefore, X‐ray crystallography was used to prove that the benzyl group was attached to N‐3. Furthermore, it is shown that the 3‐benzyl adenine derivative exists as the amine tautomer both in the crystalline state as well as in solution (DMSO‐d6), with restricted rotation around the N6C6 bond. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms in patients with steroid‐induced femoral head osteonecrosis
Authors: Lee Yun Jong , Lee Jong Seok , Kang Eun Ha , Lee Young‐Kyun , Kim Shin‐Yoon , Song Yeong Wook , Koo Kyung‐Hoi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTo investigate an association between steroid‐induced femoral head osteonecrosis (FHON) and functional vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene (−2578A/C, −1154A/G, −634C/G, and +405C/G) polymorphisms polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping was performed in 160 patients (86 idiopathic FHON and 74 steroid‐induced FHON) and 160 gender‐ and age‐matched controls. The steroid‐induced subgroup had a significantly lower prevalence of −1154A allele (7.4% vs. 18.1%, odds ratio (OR) = 0.363) and genotype carrying −1154A (14.9% vs. 32.5%, OR = 0.333 in a recessive model) than controls. In a dominant model, the frequency of genotype carrying +405G (74.3% vs. 84.4%, OR = 0.492) was significantly lower in steroid‐induced FHON than in controls. The distribution of haplotypes was significantly different between controls and FHON patients (p = 0.00011). Especially, when haplotypes were classified into high (CGCG and AAGG) or low (CGGC and AGGC) VEGF inducing haplotypes, patients with steroid‐induced FHON had a significantly lower prevalence of high inducing haplotypes (7.4% vs. 15.9%, OR = 0.424) and a significantly higher prevalence of low inducing haplotypes (4.7% vs. 0.6%, OR = 7.894) than controls. Low inducing VEGF haplotypes may confer an increased risk and high inducing haplotypes have a protective effect for the development of steroid‐induced FHON in Korea. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:21–27, 2012
Pressure‐induced phase transitions in palmitic acid: C form
Authors: de Sousa F. F. , Saraiva G. D. , Freire P. T. C. , Lima J. A. , Alcantara P. , Melo F. E. A. , Mendes Filho J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this article, we report a high‐pressure Raman spectroscopy study of palmitic acid (PA, C form) from ambient pressure up to 21 GPa. The effects of hydrostatic pressure on the vibrational spectrum of PA are reported, and the data show that PA experiences a rich sequence of phase transformations. These changes in the crystal structure occur gradually as the pressure increases and they are related to the highly flexible crystalline structure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accurate determination of polyethylene pellet density using transmission Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Mooeung , Chung Hoeil , Jung Young Mee 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this study, transmission Raman spectroscopy was explored for the direct measurement of the density of packed polyethylene (PE) pellets. A simple and direct transmission Raman measurement of packed, solid granules or pellet samples without pretreatment is greatly advantageous. Initially, the optimal packing thickness of PE pellets for transmission Raman measurement was determined by investigating the reproducibility of triplicate spectra collected by varying the thickness from 2 to 9 cm. Once determined, transmission Raman spectra were collected for 25 different grades of PE pellets and the partial least squares method was used to determine the sample density. The resulting accuracy was 0.00067 g·cm−3, while that obtained using backscattering measurements was 0.00083 g·cm−3. To investigate possible inhomogeneity within a pellet, Raman line mapping was performed over the face of a sectioned pellet and spectral variations among the mapped spectra were examined using principal component analysis. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry was performed on three samples prepared separately by cutting a pellet into left, middle, and right sections. Based on both studies, internal pellet inhomogeneity was found to be minute, but was clearly present. The correct sample representation of internally inhomogeneous PE pellets by the transmission Raman measurement eventually improved the accuracy for density determination. Finally sample‐to‐sample two‐dimensional correlation analysis was used to further examine the origin of the improved accuracy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural modifications of LixV2O5 in a composite cathode (0≤x < 2) investigated by Raman microspectrometry
Authors: Baddour‐Hadjean R. , Marzouk A. , Pereira‐Ramos J. P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe structural behaviour of the LixV2O5 active material in a composite electrode is determined upon lithium insertion/extraction in the 4–2.15 V potential range (0≤x < 2) using Raman microspectrometry. For the first time, a detailed description of phase transitions occurring in the V2O5 composite electrode is provided by Raman spectroscopy, on the basis of a complete assignment of the spectra. This approach has been successful because of the knowledge of the Raman fingerprints of the chemically lithiated compounds, combined with a rigorous and systematic deconvolution of the Raman spectra obtained for the electrochemically lithiated materials. The successive emergence of α, ε, δ and γ phases is clearly established, as well as the α/ε, ε/δ and δ/γ biphasic regions corresponding to the 3.4, 3.2 and 2.3 V potential plateaus, respectively. This study shows that Raman spectroscopy constitutes a sensitive and relevant tool to explore the emergence of the various phases governing the electrochemical properties of cathode materials for lithium batteries. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and conformation of Arg8 vasopressin modified analogs
Authors: Podstawka‐Proniewicz Edyta , Sobolewski Dariusz , Prahl Adam , Kim Younkyoo , Proniewicz Leonard M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFourier‐transform Raman and infrared spectra were acquired for four arginine vasopressin (AVP) analogs containing L‐diphenylalanine (Dpa): [Dpa2]AVP, [Cpa1,Dpa2]AVP, [Dpa3]AVP, and [Cpa1,Dpa3]AVP (where Cpa denotes 1‐mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid). We compared and analyzed these spectra. In addition, the Raman spectra were compared to the corresponding surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectra recorded in an aqueous silver colloidal dispersion. Silver colloidal dispersions prepared by the simple borohydride reduction of silver nitrate were used as substrates. The geometry of these molecules etched on the silver surface was deduced from the observed changes in the intensity enhancement, breadth, and shift in wavenumber of the Raman bands in the spectra of the bound versus free species. Based on the obtained data, adsorption mechanisms were proposed for each case, and the suggested adsorbate structures were compared. All the molecules were thought to adsorb onto a silver surface via a phenyl ring, free electron pairs on the sulfur atom, and CO and CONH‐bonds. However, the orientation of these fragments on the colloidal silver surface and the strength of the interactions with this surface are different. For [Dpa3]AVP and [Cpa1,Dpa3]AVP, a strong interaction among the—CCN‐peptide fragment and the colloidal silver surface occurs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local structural order in carbonic acid polymorphs: Raman and FT‐IR spectroscopy
Authors: Mitterdorfer Christian , Bernard Jürgen , Klauser Frederik , Winkel Katrin , Kohl Ingrid , Liedl Klaus R. , Grothe Hinrich , Mayer Erwin , Loerting Thomas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTwo different polymorphs of carbonic acid, α‐ and β‐H2CO3, were identified and characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) previously. Our attempts to determine the crystal structures of these two polymorphs using powder and thin‐film X‐ray diffraction techniques have failed so far. Here, we report the Raman spectrum of the α‐polymorph, compare it with its FT‐IR spectrum and present band assignments in line with our work on the β‐polymorph [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48 (2009) 2690–2694]. The Raman spectra also contain information in the wavenumber range ∼90–400 cm−1, which was not accessible by FT‐IR spectroscopy in the previous work. While the α‐polymorph shows Raman and IR bands at similar positions over the whole accessible range, the rule of mutual exclusion is obeyed for the β‐polymorph. This suggests that there is a center of inversion in the basic building block of β‐H2CO3 whereas there is none in α‐H2CO3. Thus, as the basic motif in the crystal structure we suggest the cyclic carbonic acid dimer containing a center of inversion in case of β‐H2CO3 and a catemer chain or a sheet‐like structure based on carbonic acid dimers not containing a center of inversion in case of α‐H2CO3. This hypothesis is strengthened when comparing Raman active lattice modes at < 400 cm−1 with the calculated Raman spectra for different dimers. In particular, the intense band at 192 cm−1 in β‐H2CO3 can be explained by the inter‐dimer stretching mode of the centrosymmetric RC(OHO)2 CR entity with ROH. The same entity can be found in gas‐phase formic acid (RH) and in β‐oxalic acid (RCOOH) and produces an intense Raman active band at a very similar wavenumber. The absence of this band in α‐H2CO3 confirms that the difference to β‐H2CO3 is found in the local coordination environment and/or monomer conformation rather than on the long range. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopy to probe residual stress in ZnO nanowire
Authors: Sahoo Satyaprakash , Sharma G. L. , Katiyar Ram. S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractRaman spectroscopic studies are performed to probe the stress along the length of a bent ZnO nanowire. The zone‐centre E2high optical phonon shows a systematic red shift as the junction point of the two arms of the nanowire is approached. The mechanism of the red shift is discussed on the basis of the tensile strain. From the red shift of the phonon peak position, the strain at different regions on the nanowire is estimated. Stress in the bent nanowire is also investigated using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Results of both Raman and PL study confirm that the bent nanowire is under tensile strain. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐Raman study of orbiton–phonon coupling in YbVO3
Authors: Roberge B. , Jandl S. , Nugroho A. A. , Palstra T. T. M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFirst‐order and multiphonon Raman active excitations are studied in YbVO3 as a function of temperature in the orthorhombic and monoclinic phases. Below T ≃ 170 K, a G‐type orbital ordering with a concomitant monoclinic transition occurs. They enhance the phonon polarizabilities, allowing the resolution of room‐temperature bands, and activate new excitations around 700 cm−1. Below T ∼ 65 K, the 700 cm−1 excitations disappear, indicating a C‐type orbital ordering and a return to the orthorhombic structure. The observed phonon combinations around 1400 cm−1 with a dominant Jahn‐Teller vibration at ∼690 cm−1 reflect a possible orbiton‐phonon coupling. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Whey protein–polysaccharide blended edible film formation and barrier, tensile, thermal and transparency properties
Authors: Yoo SeungRan , Krochta John M 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Films made from different protein (P) or polysaccharide (PS) materials have widely different properties. The objective of this study was to determine whether whey protein isolate (WPI)‐PS blended films possess a combination of properties intermediate and possibly superior to WPI or PS film alone.RESULTS: Oxygen permeability (OP) and tensile strength (TS) for PS‐WPI blended films were intermediate between the OP and TS properties of pure methycellulose (MC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) or sodium alginate (SA) film and pure WPI film. Starch‐WPI blends gave the weakest films. Water vapor permeability values for all pure and blended films were similar. Blended films made of MC, HPMC or SA with WPI had lower transparency than pure MC, HPMC, SA or WPI films. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms obtained from the blended films exhibited a single glass transition temperature (Tg) at an intermediate value between the Tg values of the pure films.CONCLUSIONS: Whether properties of PS‐WPI blended films are intermediate to properties of the pure PS and WPI film depends on the particular PS and specific property. In the case of MC or HPMC with WPI, the blended films reflect the higher TS of the PS and lower OP of the WPI. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Monitoring of barley starch amylolysis by gravitational field flow fractionation and MALDI‐TOF MS
Authors: Mazanec Karel , Dycka Filip , Bobalova Janette 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:In barley, starch occurs in the form of granules with bimodal size distribution. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the starch granule is one of the most important reactions occurring during malting and mashing. Previous studies revealed the discrepancies in the assumption that barley varieties with better malting qualities should have a higher A/B (large/small starch granules) ratio. This led us to focus our attention on detailed analysis of two barley varieties, Jersey and Tolar, both with high malting quality but significantly differing in A/B (1.28 and 0.66, respectively), were chosen for more detailed analysis in the actual work. In this study, the capacity of gravitational field flow fractionation (GFFF) to monitor amylolysis of the starch granules was investigated.RESULTS:Isolated starch granules from these two barley cultivars were treated with amylases. The changes in starch granule size and bimodal distribution were studied by GFFF. Simultaneously, free sugars released during enzymatic digestion were observed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The changes in the fractogram and in the mass spectra reflect a correlation with the progress of enzymatic hydrolysis.CONCLUSION:The results show the interest in utilization of GFFF as a simple and cheap method for monitoring changes in the distribution of the starch granule size during amylolysis. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Results of isolated lower limb perfusion for loco‐regional advanced/recurrent melanoma using borderline true hyperthermia plus additional bolus of melphalan. A critical analysis of homogeneous cases
Authors: Pace Marcello , Gattai Riccardo , Mascitelli Erminia M. , Millanta Luigi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of our modified ILP treatment with borderline true hyperthermia and high melphalan concentration in stage III lower limb melanoma.MethodsBetween March 1990 and December 2006, 91 consecutive patients were given ILP treatment. Forty three patients were treated with double L‐PAM bolus combined with D‐actinomicin; 48 patients were treated with additional L‐PAM bolus alone.ResultsThe mean follow‐up period is 68.5 months. The acute regional toxicity occurred with grade II (54%), III (38%), IV (2.1%). The systemic toxic effects were present with transitory hematological disorders. Complete response (CR) rate was observed in 89.2% of stage IIIA‐IIIAB unexcised IT‐mets. The overall limb recurrent disease in stage III was 39%. In patients with CR recurrent rate occurred in 44% with a mean limb recurrence‐free interval (LRFI) of 23.8 months. Distant metastases was attained with a mean time of 29.2 months. After CR, the interval was 32.1 months. The 5‐year survival rate was 45%; in patients with CR, was 48%.ConclusionsOur procedure is an important therapeutic option. The results suggest a marked local control of the recurrent disease. The LRFI is longer than for those treated with other treatment schedules. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:718–723. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Separation of polyphenols using porous polyamide resin and assessment of mechanism of retention
Authors: Gao Min , Wang Xiaolei , Gu Ming , Su Zhiguo , Wang Ye , Janson Jan‐Christer 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA porous polyamide resin is shown to possess hydrogen bond acceptor properties suitable for the separation of polyphenolic solutes such as phenolic acids, flavonols and flavonoids. The separation is achieved in the presence of solvent mixtures of acetic acid and ethanol. The extent of hydrogen bond adsorption is reviewed based on data obtained from the elution behaviour of a variety of simple polyphenolic solutes. Polyamide adsorption chromatography was applied for the purification of resveratrol and polydatin from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc.
Silica‐based and organic monolithic capillary columns for LC: Recent trends in proteomics
Authors: Rozenbrand Johan , van Bennekom Wouter P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe use of monolithic liquid chromatography (LC) columns for proteomics, covering the scientific literature from 2004 to the beginning of 2011, is reviewed. Attention is paid to recent developments in column technology and materials, focusing on silica‐based and organic (polystyrene and methacrylate) monolithic capillary columns for proteomics. The applicability of these columns is illustrated by examples of the analysis of (complex) protein digests and proteins conveniently summarized in tables. Furthermore, characteristics of column materials are compared and future trends and prospects are presented.
Narrow‐bore core–shell particles and monolithic columns in the analysis of silybin diastereoisomers
Authors: Marhol Petr , Gažák Radek , Bednář Petr , Křen Vladimír 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTwo chromatographic narrow‐bore columns, a novel 2.6 μm particle‐packed Kinetex™ C18 core–shell (50×2.1 mm id) and monolithic Chromolith® FastGradient RP‐18e (50×2 mm id), were evaluated for the analysis of diastereoisomers of the flavonolignans silybin and 23‐O‐acetylsilybin under isocratic conditions. The main advantages of the core–shell column are markedly higher efficiency (hmin=2.8 versus 5.6 for silybin A) and better peak symmetry. The Kinetex column exhibits only a slight change in the height equivalent of the theoretical plate with a higher linear velocity of the mobile phase. The monolithic column shows notably higher selectivity in terms of selectivity factor (1.21 versus 1.12) in the analysis of critical‐pair of diastereoisomers (silybin A and silybin B) and enables shorter run duration (approx. twofold) together with lower backpressure. The resolution power was found to be comparable, but the Kinetex column required a higher pressure of the mobile phase that, together with the higher chance of clogging, can be a disadvantage in the separation of biological samples. Successful baseline separation of silybin diastereoisomers in real pharmaceutical sample on monolithic column was accomplished.