bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid heat source layout optimization in three‐dimensional integrated circuits using artificial neural network reduced‐order model in combination with Bayesian optimization
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Song Jianhao , Rao Xixin , Liu Huizhong , Xiao Chengdi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, an efficient optimization framework was developed to determine the parameters of through‐silicon vias and the layout of heat sources in three‐dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs), employing an artificial neural network (ANN) reduced‐order model in conjunction with a Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm. The proposed method effectively predicts the temperature distribution in 3D ICs and refines their thermal parameters, offering solutions to thermal management challenges. Latin hypercube sampling was utilized for data sampling, enhancing the previously established rapid thermal analysis method through parameterization of heat source locations. The temperature distribution data for varying hotspot locations in 3D ICs were fitted using an appropriately defined objective function, leading to the development of a reduced‐order ANN model that accelerates temperature prediction. The computational results demonstrate that the neural network model exhibits a deviation in predicted values of less than 2%, and the coefficient of determination R2 approximately 0.93, underscoring high predictive accuracy. Additionally, the optimization outcomes and the efficiency of the selected BO algorithm were thoroughly evaluated. Notably, the BO algorithm achieved the global optimum in just 4.07 s across 250 iterations, demonstrating an effective power distribution strategy for the 3D ICs model.
Sex gaps and age differences in the structure of academic cyberloafing from early to middle adolescence: A network analysis
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Yang Xiantong , Akintunde Tosin Yinka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcademic cyberloafing refers to students’ engagement in non‐learning‐related online activities during online courses, which can negatively affect their academic performance. Prior studies investigated cyberloafing primarily in the workplace, neglecting core behaviors and interactions among academic cyberloafing in educational contexts.AimsThis study employed network analysis to capture academic cyberloafing as an interactive behavior network to explore the core behavioral patterns of academic cyberloafing and the interactions between these behaviors.Materials & MethodsA total of 3537 adolescents (Mage = 12.49; 53.7% boys and 46.3% girls) in China were included in this study.ResultsThe findings indicated that “seeking gossip news” and “watching short videos” are central behaviors. Among boys, “browsing nonacademic web pages” and “watching short videos” are central behaviors; “seeking gossip news” is the most central behavior among girls. Furthermore, in early adolescence, central behaviors encompass “chatting privately” and “seeking gossip news”; in middle adolescence, central behaviors include “seeking gossip news” and “watching short videos.” Additionally, the comparisons indicated that academic cyberloafing networks (between boys and girls; between early and middle adolescence) show a similar structure and global strength but differ in specific academic cyberloafing associations.ConclusionAs adolescents of different sexes and ages engage in academic cyberloafing differently, tailored education interventions can be implemented to address unregulated cyberloafing.
Carbon‐14 Labeling Synthesis of RORγt Inhibitor JNJ‐61803534
Authors: Song Fengbin , Salter Rhys , Chen Lu 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTCarbon‐14 labeling synthesis of RORγt inhibitor JNJ‐61803534 (1) was accomplished in four steps with the C14 label located at the thiazole‐2‐carboxamide carbon. The synthesis featured a highly efficient conversion of nitrile [14C]‐12 to ester [14C]‐17 under mild conditions via an imidate intermediate, overcoming the unsuccessful direct hydrolysis of nitrile 12 under either acidic or basic conditions. Since carbon‐14 labeling via [14C]‐nitrile installation and subsequent conversion to [14C]‐carboxylic acid derivatives is a common labeling strategy, an efficient conversion of a nitrile to an ester under mild conditions could be of use for the future C14 labeling syntheses.
The influence of accelerated brain aging on coactivation pattern dynamics in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yan Su , Lu Jun , Zhu Hongquan , Tian Tian , Qin Yuanyuan , Li Yuanhao , Zhu Wenzhen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAging is widely acknowledged as the primary risk factor for brain degeneration, with Parkinson's disease (PD) tending to follow accelerated aging trajectories. We aim to investigate the impact of structural brain aging on the temporal dynamics of a large‐scale functional network in PD. We enrolled 62 PD patients and 32 healthy controls (HCs). The level of brain aging was determined by calculating global and local brain age gap estimates (G‐brainAGE and L‐brainAGE) from structural images. The neural network activity of the whole brain was captured by identifying coactivation patterns (CAPs) from resting‐state functional images. Intergroup differences were assessed using the general linear model. Subsequently, a spatial correlation analysis between the L‐brainAGE difference map and CAPs was conducted to uncover the anatomical underpinnings of functional alterations. Compared to HCs (−3.73 years), G‐brainAGE was significantly higher in PD patients (+1.93 years), who also exhibited widespread elevation in L‐brainAGE. G‐brainAGE was correlated with disease severity and duration. PD patients spent less time in CAPs involving activated default mode and the fronto‐parietal network (DMN‐FPN), as well as the sensorimotor and salience network (SMN‐SN), and had a reduced transition frequency from other CAPs to the DMN‐FPN and SMN‐SN CAPs. Furthermore, the pattern of localized brain age acceleration showed spatial similarities with the SMN‐SN CAP. Accelerated structural brain aging in PD adversely affects brain function, manifesting as dysregulated brain network dynamics. These findings provide insights into the neuropathological mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases and imply the possibility of interventions for modifying PD progression by slowing the brain aging process.
Osteomesopyknosis associated with a novel ALOX5 variant that impacts the RANKL pathway
Authors: Fernandez‐Luna Jose L. , Hernández José L. , Curiel‐Olmo Soraya , Martínez‐Amador Néstor A. , Vega Ana I. , Quirce Remedios , Montes‐Moreno Santiago , Gutierrez Olga , del Real Alvaro , Sañudo Carolina , Riancho Jose A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundBone tissue homeostasis relies on the coordinated activity of the bone‐forming osteoblasts and bone‐resorbing osteoclasts. Osteomesopyknosis is considered a distinctive rare sclerosing skeletal disorder of unelucidated pathophysiology and presumably autosomal dominant transmission. However, the causal genes are unknown.MethodsWe present a case report encompassing clinical assessments, imaging studies, and whole‐exome sequencing analysis, complemented by functional in vitro experiments.ResultsThis new case of osteomesopyknosis was associated with a missense ALOX5 variant predicted to induce protein misfolding and proteasomal degradation. Transfection experiments demonstrated that the variant was associated with reduced protein levels restored by proteasomal inhibition with bortezomib. Likewise, gene expression analysis showed that the mutated gene was associated with a decreased RANKL/OPG ratio, which is a critical driver of osteoclast precursor differentiation.ConclusionOur data indicate impaired bone resorption as the underlying mechanism of this rare osteosclerosis, implicating ALOX5 pathogenic variants as potential etiological factors.
Clinical research nurses perceive their role as being like the hub of a wheel without real power: Empirical qualitative research
Authors: Backman Lönn Beatrice , Hornsten Åsa , Styrke Johan , Hajdarevic Senada 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore the experiences of being a clinical research nurse (CRN), in Sweden.DesignA qualitative study analysing individual interview data.MethodsInterviews with 10 participants were conducted in April 2017 and repeated with five participants in May 2022. A semi‐structured interview guide was used to cover topics such as experiences of working in a new role and professional challenges related to the role. The transcribed interviews were analysed inductively using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe main theme revealed that the CRNs experienced their work role as being like a hub in a wheel, using an ethical compass, but without real power. The six themes identified showed that CRNs worked independently and relied on clinical experiences as nurses but needed more education. They not only had a sense of duty but also too large responsibilities. Furthermore, they viewed their work as valuable and important. However, they needed an accentuated ethical compass and were also affected by power relations that negatively impacted work.ConclusionWorking as a CRN means being in a central position and working independently, which requires diverse skills and competencies. CRNs, however, face and manage complex ethical and practical challenges without real power. They experience huge responsibilities but need education and acknowledgement, indicating a need for improvement. This is an important message to stakeholders and managers about the necessity of taking adequate action to support CRNs who are crucial resources in clinical research.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
What influences antibiotic initiation? Developing a scale to measure nursing behaviour in residential aged‐care facilities
Authors: Singh Saniya , Degeling Chris , Drury Peta , Montgomery Amy , Caputi Peter , Deane Frank P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThe purpose of the current study was to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a measure that captures nursing behaviours that have the potential to influence the initiation of antibiotics in residential aged‐care facilities.DesignCross‐sectional online survey.MethodOne hundred and fifty‐seven nurses completed an online survey. The survey consisted of two clinical vignettes and measures of tolerance of uncertainty and anxiety. The vignettes consisted of the most common presentations (urinary tract infections and upper respiratory tract infections) of two hypothetical residents in aged‐care facilities. The vignettes provided participants with incremental information with varying levels of symptoms, input from other people and availability of test results. Both vignettes were subjected to exploratory factor analysis.ResultsThe results focus on the 16 items in the second vignette which resulted in the extraction of three factors. The derived factors were labelled as follows: (i) Noting and Calling GP, (ii) Consult a Colleague and (iii) Immediate Assessment and Antibiotics. Reliability analysis revealed excellent to satisfactory reliability. All three scales were significantly correlated with measures of clinical tolerance of uncertainty, and the ‘noting and calling GP’ scale was also negatively correlated with measures of anxiety and general tolerance of uncertainty. The measure showed satisfactory reliability and validity for capturing nursing behaviours that have the potential to influence decisions regarding antibiotics. As such, the current study provides a first step towards addressing the lack of ecologically valid measures that capture the complex and nuanced context of nurses’ behaviours in RACF that have the potential to inform future stewardship interventions.
Associations between regional adipose tissue distribution and skeletal muscle bioenergetics in older men and women
Authors: Brennan Andrea M. , Coen Paul M. , Mau Theresa , Hetherington‐Rauth Megan , Toledo Frederico G. S. , Kershaw Erin E. , Cawthon Peggy M. , Kramer Philip A. , Ramos Sofhia V. , Newman Anne B. , Cummings Steven R. , Forman Daniel E. , Yeo Reichelle X. , Distefano Giovanna , Miljkovic Iva , Justice Jamie N. , Molina Anthony J. A. , Jurczak Michael J. , Sparks Lauren M. , Kritchevsky Stephen B. , Goodpaster Bret H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine associations of ectopic adipose tissue (AT) with skeletal muscle (SM) mitochondrial bioenergetics in older adults.MethodsCross‐sectional data from 829 adults ≥70 years of age were used. Abdominal, subcutaneous, and visceral AT and thigh muscle fat infiltration (MFI) were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. SM mitochondrial energetics were characterized in vivo (31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy; ATPmax) and ex vivo (high‐resolution respirometry maximal oxidative phosphorylation [OXPHOS]). ActivPal was used to measure physical activity ([PA]; step count). Linear regression adjusted for covariates was applied, with sequential adjustment for BMI and PA.ResultsIndependent of BMI, total abdominal AT (standardized [Std.] β = −0.21; R2 = 0.09) and visceral AT (Std. β = −0.16; R2 = 0.09) were associated with ATPmax (p < 0.01; n = 770) but not following adjustment for PA (p ≥ 0.05; n = 658). Visceral AT (Std. β = −0.16; R2 = 0.25) and thigh MFI (Std. β = −0.11; R2 = 0.24) were associated with carbohydrate‐supported maximal OXPHOS independent of BMI and PA (p < 0.05; n = 609). Total abdominal AT (Std. β = −0.19; R2 = 0.24) and visceral AT (Std. β = −0.17; R2 = 0.24) were associated with fatty acid‐supported maximal OXPHOS independent of BMI and PA (p < 0.05; n = 447).ConclusionsSkeletal MFI and abdominal visceral, but not subcutaneous, AT are inversely associated with SM mitochondrial bioenergetics in older adults independent of BMI. Associations between ectopic AT and in vivo mitochondrial bioenergetics are attenuated by PA.
Guaifenesin: The Ubiquitous Orphan
Authors: Eyassu Daniel G. , McCoul Edward D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGuaifenesin, a widely used ingredient in over‐the‐counter cough and cold medications, has been a subject of debate regarding its efficacy in treating respiratory conditions. Despite its historical use and US Food and Drug Administration approval, recent studies have questioned its claimed expectorant effect and its effectiveness in managing symptoms. This article examines the available evidence, highlighting the lack of significant benefits over placebo for upper respiratory disease. The rationale for clinical use is examined alongside the potential downside and alternatives to recommending guaifenesin as a treatment option.
Establishing the Preface for a Unified Otolaryngology Residency Curriculum: Implications and Considerations
Authors: Nadeem Wasiq , Lee Matthew K. , Lind Meredith Merz , Simons Jeffrey P. , Denneny James C. , Malekzadeh Sonya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOtolaryngology residency training, along with the world of online medical education, has been continuously evolving and refining methods to educate and produce competent otolaryngologists. Numerous resources have been developed to assist otolaryngology residents in enhancing their clinical training. Although these resources greatly enhance clinical training, the growing volume of material presents a challenge within the constrained schedule of otolaryngology residents. This challenge is compounded by the variability in quality among resources which lack standardization or validation. Recently, the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation has proposed a unified otolaryngology curriculum designed to address these issues. This curriculum aims to incorporate high‐quality educational materials, evidence‐based adult learning principles, accessible learning sources, and diverse instructional methods within a structured program. Such a curriculum promises a significant positive impact, mirroring successes observed in various other surgical specialties.
Novel triply periodic minimal surfaces sandwich structures: Mechanical performance and failure analysis
Authors: Guo Anfu , Li Shuo , Wang Shaoqing , Zhai Zhilin , Qu Peng , Guo Shuai , Kong He , Tang Rongji , Wang Lu , Meng Weiyun , Liu Chang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSandwich structures are known for their exceptional mechanical properties and widespread applications. This study integrates additive manufacturing (AM) technology, experiments, theoretical equations, and numerical simulations to investigate a novel lightweight sandwich structure with a core based on Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS). The core incorporates Primitive, Neovius, and Diamond structures and is designed and manufactured using AM. Three‐point bending experiments are conducted to assess bending performance, failure modes, and energy absorption capability. A numerical model is established to analyze behavior under bending loads, validated through comparison with theoretical equations and numerical simulations, focusing on stress concentration areas. A parametric study investigates the effects of skin material, thickness, and TPMS core relative density on bending performance and energy absorption capacity. Furthermore, a functionally graded core layer with a gradient change in relative density is designed to study its influence on bending performance. The parameters of the core have a decisive impact on TPMS sandwich panel performance. This study demonstrates that sandwich structures with TPMS cores can be designed to possess desirable bending performance and energy absorption capacity, providing insights for future engineering applications.Highlights
A novel TPMS sandwich structure is fabricated using 3D printing technology.
The gradient relative density core is introduced.
The bending performance and failure behavior of the structure are evaluated.
A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects on performance.
Primary tracheal schwannoma: Bronchoscopic management of a rare tracheal tumour
Authors: Acibal Krizelle , Vidyasagar Belgundi Preeti , Gonuguntla Harikishan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrimary tracheal tumours are extremely rare, that originate from Schwann cells. We report a case of a primary tracheal schwannoma. A 60‐year‐old male who presented with noisy breathing, shortness of breath, and blood streaked phlegm. Chest CT scan showed an endotracheal mass which was resected bronchoscopically using Rigid bronchoscopy, electrocautery snare and cryoextraction. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma.
Phase Engineering and Dispersion Stabilization of Cobalt toward Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Chao , Luo Yihang , Fu Nianqing , Mu Songlin , Peng Jihua , Liu Yan , Zhang Guoge 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhase engineering is promising to increase the intrinsic activity of the catalyst toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the polymorphism interface is unstable due to the presence of metastable phases. Herein, phase engineering and dispersion stabilization are applied simultaneously to boost the HER activity of cobalt without sacrificing the stability. A fast and facile approach (plasma cathodic electro deposition) is developed to prepare cobalt film with a hetero‐phase structure. The polymorphs of cobalt are realized through reduced stacking fault energy due to the doping of Mo, and the high temperature treatment resulted from the plasma discharge. Meanwhile, homogeneously dispersed oxide/carbide nanoparticles are produced from the reaction of plasma‐induced oxygen/carbon atoms with electro‐deposited metal. The existence of rich polymorphism interface and oxide/carbide help to facilitate H2 production by the tuning of electronic structure and the increase of active sites. Furthermore, oxide/carbide dispersoid effectively prevents the phase transition through a pinning effect on the grain boundary. As‐prepared Co‐hybrid/CoO_MoC exhibits both high HER activity and robust stability (44 mV at 10 mA cm−2, Tafel slope of 53.2 mV dec−1, no degradation after 100 h test). The work reported here provides an alternate approach to the design of advanced HER catalysts for real application.
Rubidium Doped Cs2AgBiBr6 Hierarchical Microsphere for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Chen Zhihao , Jiang Xinyan , Xu Hongpeng , Wang Jin , Zhang Meng , Pan Danrui , Jiang Guocan , Shahid Malik Zeeshan , Li Zhengquan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHalide perovskites have garnered significant attention for their unique optoelectronic properties in solar‐to‐fuel conversions. However, the efficiency of halide perovskites in the field of photocatalytic CO2 reduction is largely limited by serious charge recombination and a lack of efficient active sites. In this work, a rubidium (Rb) doped Cs2AgBiBr6 (Rb:CABB) hierarchical microsphere is developed for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Experimental and theoretical analysis discloses that partially substituting Rb+ for Ag+ can effectively modulate the electronic structure of CABB, favoring charge separation and making adjacent Bi atoms an electron‐rich active site. Further investigations indicated that Rb doping also reduces the energy barriers of the rate‐determining step in CO2 reduction. As a result, Rb:CABB demonstrated an enhanced CO yield compared to its undoped counterpart. This work presents a promising approach to optimizing the electronic structures of photocatalysts and paving a new way for exploring halide perovskites for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Glutathione‐responsive Aggregation‐induced Emission Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy of Lung Cancer
Authors: Sun Feiyi , Chen Yuyang , Lam Kristy W. K. , Du Wutong , Liu Qingqing , Han Fei , Li Dan , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Sun Jianwei , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLung cancer, a highly prevalent and lethal form of cancer, is often associated with oxidative stress. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising alternative therapeutic tool in cancer treatments, but its efficacy is closely correlated to the photosensitizers generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant capacity of tumor cells. In particular, glutathione (GSH) can reduce the ROS and thus compromise PDT efficacy. In this study, a GSH‐responsive near‐infrared photosensitizer (TBPPN) based on aggregation‐induced emission for real‐time monitoring of GSH levels and enhanced PDT for lung cancer treatment is developed. The strategic design of TBPPN, consisting of a donor–acceptor structure and incorporation of dinitrobenzene, enables dual functionality by not only the fluorescence being activated by GSH but also depleting GSH to enhance the cytotoxic effect of PDT. TBPPN demonstrates synergistic PDT efficacy in vitro against A549 lung cancer cells by specifically targeting different cellular compartments and depleting intracellular GSH. In vivo studies further confirm that TBPPN can effectively inhibit tumor growth in a mouse model with lung cancer, highlighting its potential as an integrated agent for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. This approach enhances the effectiveness of PDT for lung cancer and deserves further exploration of its potential for clinical application.
Bifunctional Protein TC1 Mediated One‐Pot Strategy for Robust Immobilization of DNA with High Accessibility
Authors: Zhou Kun , Zhou Juan , Cao Shanshan , Zheng Ying , Zhang Xin‐Yu , Chen Chen , Zhang Xian‐En , Men Dong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractImmobilizing DNA with high accessibility at the interface is attractive but challenging. Current methods often involve multiple chemical reactions and derivatives. In this study, an endonuclease, TC1, is introduced to develop a robust strategy for immobilizing DNA with enhanced accessibility. TC1 enables direct immobilization of DNA onto a solid support through self‐catalytic DNA covalent coupling and robust solid adsorption capabilities. This method demonstrates high accessibility to target molecules, supported by the improved sensitivity of DNA hybridization and aptamer‐target recognition assays. TC1‐mediated DNA immobilization is a one‐pot reaction that does not require chemical derivatives, making it promising for the development of high‐performance DNA materials and technologies.