bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and Ecological Consequences of Sex‐Based Differences in Gustatory Anatomy in Cebus apella
Authors: Muchlinski Magdalena N. , Docherty Beth A. , Alport Laura J. , Burrows Anne M. , Smith Timothy D. , Paesani Sylvia M 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFungiform papillae (FPs) are the only gustatory structures on the anterior tongue. Taste buds (TBs), which are located in FPs, house taste receptors. Each TB has a taste pore (TP) by which tastants are transmitted. In humans, FP and TB densities correlate with taste sensitivity and food preferences. Females have higher FP densities than males in Homo, Pan, and Cebus. Homo, Pan, and Cebus also have larger brains, slower ontogenetic development, and higher maternal investment in offspring compared to most primates. An increase in maternal investment places intense pressure on females to 1) obtain high‐quality foods, and 2) detect potential toxins at low levels. This study examines sex differences in FPs and TPs (a TB surrogate) in 11 Cebus apella to test the hypothesis that higher FP density in females may be an adaptation specific to reproductive strategies of females. Tongues were imaged using an environmental scanning electron microscope; from these images FP surface area, FP density, TP count, and TP densities were calculated. We found that there were no significant differences between males and females in the number of TPs per FP. However, we did find that females do have larger FP surface areas and higher FP densities than males. The anatomical evidence indicates that females may have greater taste sensitivity than males because females have more FP than males. Future research on food preference and selection in Cebus is expected to show sex‐specific behaviors similar to those observed in Homo and Pan. Anat Rec,, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Locomotor Diversification in New World Monkeys: Running, Climbing, or Clawing Along Evolutionary Branches
Authors: Youlatos Dionisios , Meldrum Jeff 
Published: November 2011

AbstractModern platyrrhines exhibit a remarkable diversity of locomotor and postural adaptations, which evolved along multiple trajectories since the initial immigration to the island continent of South America. We trace this diversification by reviewing the available paleontological and neontological data for postcranial morphology and ecological adaptation. Fossil platyrrhines are notably diverse, from the Oligocene Branisella, to the varied Patagonian early Miocene quadurpedal‐leaping and quadrupedal‐climbing fossils of disputed affinities, on through the rich middle Miocene Colombian quadurpedal‐leaping forms. More recent taxa exhibit even more derived positional patterns, from the largest suspensory atelids in Pleistocene Brazil, to the remarkable Antillean radiation with suspensory forms and also semiterrestrial species, with postcranial morphology convergent on some Old World monkeys. Field studies of positional behavior of modern platyrrhines set the framework for a spectrum of locomotor adaptations. Central within this spectrum is a cluster of medium‐sized species with generalized locomotion (quadrupedal‐leaping). At opposite poles lie the more derived conditions: large‐bodied species exhibiting locomotor specializations for climbing‐suspension; small‐bodied species exhibiting adaptations for claw climbing and leaping. This behavior‐based spectrum of locomotor diversification is similarly evident in a morphology‐based pattern, that is, that produced by the shape of the talus. The implications of the record of platyrrhine postcranial evolution for the competing hypotheses of platyrrhine phylogenetic patterns, the “long lineage hypothesis” and the “stem platyrrhine hypothesis,” are considered. Anat Rec, , 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The characteristics and motivations of health answerers for sharing information, knowledge, and experiences in online environments
Authors: Oh Sanghee 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn Web 2.0 environments, people commonly share their knowledge and personal experiences with others, but little is known about their background characteristics and motivations. Thus, the current study examines some of the characteristics and motivations common among answerers, who produce health‐related answers to questions asked by anonymous others in a social Q&A site, Yahoo! Answers. An online survey questionnaire was distributed to top and recent answerers to investigate their demographics, areas of health expertise, and other characteristics related to answering behaviors online. Also, 10 motivation factors are proposed and tested in the survey:enjoyment, efficacy, learning,personal gain, altruism, community interest, social engagement, empathy, reputation, andreciprocity. Findings show thataltruismis the most influential motivation, whilepersonal gainis the least.Enjoymentandefficacyare more influential than other social motivations, such asreputationorreciprocity, although there are some variations across different groups of answerers. Motivational factors among top answerers or health experts are further analyzed. The findings of this study have practical implications for promoting health answerers to share knowledge and experiences in social contexts. Furthermore, the study design of the current study can be used to examine motivations of answerers in other topic areas as well as other social contexts.
Sensitivity of NWP model skill to the obliquity of the GPS radio occultation soundings
Authors: Cucurull Lidia 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe impact of accounting for the drift of the tangent point of the global positioning system radio occultation (GPS RO) profiles within a data assimilation system has been investigated. The GPS RO processing centers provide geographic coordinates for each retrieved value within a profile, as well as profile‐representative coordinates. Instead of assimilating each retrieved value with its corresponding latitude and longitude, several numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers have alternatively been using the profile‐representative horizontal coordinates. This study shows that this simplification of the geometry of the GPS RO data should be avoided when possible in order to get optimal results in terms of NWP forecast skill. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Biennial variability in aerosol optical depth associated with QBO modulated tropical tropopause
Authors: Abish B. , Mohanakumar K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe role of quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in determining the distribution of atmospheric aerosols over the north Indian region has been investigated. The results reveal that aerosol optical depth (AOD) undergoes a biennial variability in response to positive and negative phases of QBO. Large aerosol loading occurring in the pre‐monsoon season during westerly phase (positive phase) of QBO is concurrent with a quasi‐horizontal advection, diffusion and gravitational sedimentation. Further analysis of tropopause anomalies confirm that warming (cooling) of the tropical tropopause during the positive (negative) phase of QBO is accompanied by an increase (decrease) in AOD over the study region. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Female gender and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from a large registry
Authors: Kovacic Jason C. , Mehran Roxana , Karajgikar Rucha , Baber Usman , Suleman Javed , Kim Michael C. , Krishnan Prakash , Dangas George , Sharma Samin K. , Kini Annapoorna 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives: To investigate if previously reported gender‐based outcome disparities following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are applicable in a large and racially‐diverse cohort in the drug eluting stent (DES) era. Background: It is generally believed that women suffer inferior outcomes compared to men after PCI. However, various strategies have evolved that may have mitigated this imbalance, including improved medical therapy, attention to risk‐factors, and procedural advances of PCI including DES. Methods: We identified 13,752 patients (4,761 female, 34.6%) with complete follow‐up data who underwent de novo lesion PCI from 04/2003 to 04/2009. Relevant data were extracted from an IRB‐approved registry. Results: Compared to males, females were significantly older (69.0 vs. 64.8 years) and more frequently from a minority or non‐Caucasian background. Females smoked less, but more were hypertensive and/or diabetic. Women had higher HDL, but also higher LDL cholesterol levels. More women presented with an unstable coronary syndrome and required left anterior descending artery PCI. While unadjusted post‐PCI mortality rates were higher in females versus males (30 days, 1.3 vs. 0.8%, P = 0.009; 1 year, 6.1 vs. 4.8%, P = 0.001; 3 year, 10.4 vs. 8.4%, P < 0.0001), multivariable regression analyses failed to identify female gender as an independent predictor of mortality. Propensity‐adjusted modeling confirmed that females were not at intrinsically higher risk for mortality after PCI. Conclusions: Females undergoing PCI exhibit more comorbidities and adverse prognostic factors than males. However, risk‐adjusted analyses identified that gender is not an independent predictor of mortality after PCI in the DES era. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized double‐blind phase 2 trial of 3 doses of TAS‐108 in patients with advanced or metastatic postmenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Buzdar Aman , Vogel Charles , Schwartzberg Lee , Garin August , Perez Alejandra , Ingle James , Houghton Michele , Zergebel Christopher , Kimball Bill 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to evaluate 3 different doses of (7α)‐21‐(4‐[(diethylamino)methyl]‐2 methoxyphenoxy)‐7 methyl‐19 norpregna‐1,3,5(10)‐trien‐3‐ol 2‐hydroxy‐1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylate (TAS‐108) in patients with recurrent, hormone‐responsive breast cancer.METHODS:In this randomized, double‐blind, multicenter study, TAS‐108 was administered daily at a dose of 40 mg, 80 mg, or 120 mg to postmenopausal patients with locally advanced, or inoperable, or metastatic hormone‐receptor positive breast cancer. The primary efficacy outcome was clinical benefit (CB), defined as the total number of patients who achieved a complete response, a partial response, or stable disease for ≥24 weeks. The study was a 2‐stage design in which 19 patients per dose group were planned in the first stage. If at least 3 patients in any dose group achieved a CB, then that dose group was to be allowed to continue enrolling for the second stage, and the group could include up to a total of 60 patients.RESULTS:The 40‐mg and 80‐mg groups met the criterion and enrolled patients into the second stage. In the 40‐mg group, there were 13 CB events in 60 patients (21.7%); and, in the 80‐mg group, there were 12 CB events in 60 patients (20%). The 120‐mg daily dose was stopped early, because it failed to achieve the criterion. For the 40‐mg and 80‐mg groups, the median time to progression was 15.0 weeks and 15.9 weeks, respectively. Only 1 drug‐related serious adverse event (grade 3 hyperglycemia) was reported.CONCLUSIONS:TAS‐108 at 40 mg and 80 mg daily demonstrated clinical activity with an encouraging duration of benefit. Because of its superior safety profile, TAS‐108 40 mg daily is recommended for further development. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Comparison of doxorubicin and weekly paclitaxel efficacy in metastatic angiosarcomas
Authors: Italiano Antoine , Cioffi Angela , Penel Nicolas , Levra Matteo Giaj , Delcambre Corinne , Kalbacher Elsa , Chevreau Christine , Bertucci François , Isambert Nicolas , Blay Jean‐Yves , Bui Binh , Antonescu Cristina , D'Adamo David R. , Maki Robert G. , Keohan Mary Louise 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Data regarding the role of anthracyclines and taxanes as first‐line treatments of metastatic angiosarcoma are limited.METHODS:Records of 117 metastatic angiosarcoma patients who were treated with either doxorubicin or weekly paclitaxel were reviewed.RESULTS:Seventy‐five patients (64%) were treated with weekly paclitaxel and 42 (36%) with single‐agent doxorubicin. Patients in the weekly paclitaxel group were older and more frequently had angiosarcomas arising from the skin. In the doxorubicin group, 34 patients were evaluable for response: 2 (6%) had complete response, 8 (23.5%) had partial response, 10 (29.5%) had stable disease, and 14 (41%) had progressive disease. In the weekly paclitaxel group, 68 patients were evaluable for response: 9 (13%) had complete response, 27 (40%) had partial response, 20 (29.5%) had stable disease, and 12 (17.5%) had progressive disease. Objective responses to weekly paclitaxel were more frequent in cutaneous angiosarcomas, whereas tumor location did not impact response to doxorubicin. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 4.9 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.9‐6.0 months). Median overall survival (OS) was 8.5 months (95% CI, 6.4‐10.7 months). On multivariate analysis, ECOG performance status (PS) was the sole independent factor associated with PFS and OS.CONCLUSIONS:First‐line single‐agent doxorubicin and weekly paclitaxel seem to have similar efficacy in metastatic angiosarcomas. Cutaneous angiosarcomas respond favorably to weekly paclitaxel. Best supportive care should be considered in patients with poor PS. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Role of ancillary studies in fine‐needle aspiration from selected tumors
Authors: Schmitt Fernando , Barroca Helena 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe routine use of ancillary studies is reshaping the practice of cytopathology. Currently, most cytopathologists recognize the importance of immunocytochemistry and molecular techniques as adjuncts to morphology to achieve a precise diagnosis. Cytopathologists also are expected to include specific prognostic and predictive information in their reports. The objective of this review was to address the use of immunocytochemistry and molecular techniques to refine the preoperative diagnosis and classification of lung cancer, thyroid cancer, kidney cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, and soft tissue tumors. Fine‐needle aspiration also offers a suitable alternative to biopsy in a variety of clinical settings, in particular, when it may be useful to obtain material to study prognostic and predictive markers. This is particularly relevant to obtain material from metastatic sites. The study of KRAS in colon cancer, CKIT in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and epidermal growth factor receptor mutational status in lung cancer also are addressed particularly in this report. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma a series of five cytologic cases with literature review and emphasis on diagnostic pitfalls
Authors: Qian Xiaohua , Hornick Jason L. , Cibas Edmund S. , Cin Paola Dal , Domanski Henryk A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAngiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is an uncommon and mostly indolent soft tissue neoplasm, which usually occurs in the subcutaneous tissue of the extremities in children and young adults. Although the histologic features of AFH are well established, reports of its cytomorphology are very limited. This report characterizes the cytomorphologic features of five cases of AFH, with correlation to clinical, histology, and cytogenetic findings.Smears of fine needle aspiration (FNA; four cases) and intraoperative scrape (one case) were reviewed from five patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of AFH. A review of six previously reported AFH cases with cytomorphology was also performed.The tumor presented as a cystic, deep dermal mass in three pediatric cases and as a solid, deeply seated mass in two adults. The cytomorphologic features are mostly nondistinctive and include cellular smears with ovoid to spindled histiocytoid cells that may be isolated or in clusters. Some of these cells are atypical and others contain hemosiderin. Large cellular clusters with a capillary structure and a whorled arrangement of tumor cells can be appreciated in some cases. There is always a bloody background, but a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate is uncommon. The presences of EWSR1 rearrangement in one case and three copies of FUS gene in another case were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization.Diagnosing AFH by FNA cytology alone can be challenging because of its rarity and usually nonspecific cytologic findings. Clinical correlation and ancillary studies are essential to reach a specific diagnosis of AFH in small needle biopsies. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationships between surface-bound and internalized copper and cadmium and toxicity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Stoiber Tasha L. , Shafer Martin M. , Armstrong David E. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In the present study, the adsorption and uptake of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were examined to establish fundamental toxicity relationships to glutathione and cell-growth endpoints. Establishing these fundamental relationships of metal accumulation and toxicity metrics is necessary to subsequently implement an algal biotic ligand model. The glutathione response was similar to the response measured from growth endpoints for both internal and adsorbed Cu, indicating that glutathione may be a useful biomarker of toxicity. The glutathione response with Cd contrasted markedly with that observed with Cu and was therefore observed to be a metal-specific biomarker. The density of sites binding metals and the related stability constants for the algal cell surface were also determined. Short exposures to metals (2 h) were conducted, and we determined 6.0 × 10−6 mol/g sites binding Cu and 2.0 × 10−6 mol/g sites binding Cd and conditional stability constants as log K′ = 7.2 and log K′ = 6.7 for Cu and Cd, respectively. Experiments were also conducted to determine the effect on toxicity endpoints of varying nitrate concentrations and different humic acids (HA) in the exposure media. Varying nitrate concentrations did not have an effect on cell growth over 24 h. The surface-adsorbed Cu measurements from the experiments with HA depended on the type and concentration of HA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:324–335. © 2011 SETAC
Metabolism and distribution of p,p′-DDT during flight of the white-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys
Authors: Scollon Edward J. , Carr James A. , Rintoul David A. , McMurry Scott T. , Cobb George P. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This study evaluated the interactions of flight, fasting, and 1,1,1-trichloro-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p′-DDT) loading on residue metabolism and distribution in recently exposed white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys). Female sparrows were dosed with 5 mg p,p′-DDT per kg body weight over 3 d. Following 1 d of recovery, sparrows were flown in a wind tunnel for up to 140 min, in 15-min blocks. Food was withheld from the start of the flight period until birds were euthanized. DDT, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4 chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD), and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) were present in all tissues examined. 1-Chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene (DDµ), 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p′-DDη), and 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol (p,p′-DDOH) were not found. Fasting did not significantly affect the rate of residue increase over time in any of the tissues examined. When sparrows flew and fasted simultaneously, fasting seldom contributed to an increase in tissue residues. However, the length of time flown was significantly correlated with increasing toxicant concentrations in the brain, kidney, and liver, effectively demonstrating the potential for brief flights to enhance mobilization of DDT and its metabolites. Dose, flight, and fasting also increased residues in brain tissue. These contaminant redistributions may have important ramifications on the stresses experienced by migratory birds. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:336–346. © 2011 SETAC
GSTP1 hypermethylation is associated with reduced protein expression, aggressive disease and prognosis in neuroblastoma
Authors: Gumy‐Pause Fabienne , Pardo Bruno , Khoshbeen‐Boudal Mary , Ansari Marc , Gayet‐Ageron Angèle , Sappino André‐Pascal , Attiyeh Edward F. , Ozsahin Hulya 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEpigenetic modifications such as methylation of CpG islands in tumor‐suppressor gene promoter regions have been associated with tumor development in many human cancers. Using methylation specific multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification method, we analyzed the methylation status of 35 different genes in 16 neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines and 50 NB tumor samples (NBs), and investigated whether specific hypermethylation was associated with biological and/or clinical parameters. Among the genes found hypermethylated, the effect of GSTP1 hypermethylation on mRNA and protein expression was also explored. The median number of hypermethylated genes was higher in cell lines compared to NBs (5.5 vs. 2). For eight genes, aberrant methylation of CpG‐islands in NB was not (ESR1, PAX5, WT1, CADM1, MSH6, and CDKN2B) or very rarely (CDH13 and GSTP1) reported in literature. GSTP1 was found hypermethylated in 44% of the NB cell lines and in 33% of the stage 4‐11qLOH ‐non MYCN‐amplified high risk NBs. Hypermethylation was correlated with reduced mRNA and protein expression. In the whole NBs cohort, GSTP1 hypermethylation was less frequently detected (8%), but found to be associated with lower event‐free (EFS) and overall survival. Hypermethylation of GSTP1 showed also association with lower EFS in high risk subgroups as stage 4 and older patients (≥547 days). Our results suggest that, as in several adult cancers, aberrant methylation of GSTP1 may contribute to the carcinogenetic process in NB and could be potentially used as a new marker leading to define an ultra‐high risk subgroup. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of a bioactive tissue‐engineered sling in a rat of stress incontinence model
Authors: Kim In Gul , Piao Shuyu , Hong Sung Hoo , Kim Sae Woong , Hwang Tae Kon , Oh Se Heang , Lee Jin Ho , Lee Ji Youl 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this study, we attempt to examine the feasibility of the bioactive tissue‐engineered sling by using muscle precursor cells (MPCs)‐seeded Poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) nanofiber sheet in a rat model of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). In vitro, MPCs were cultured on a PCL nanofiber sheet for one week, where the MPCs‐seeded PCL nanofiber sheet showed constant twitching contraction by electrical field stimulation in an organ bath. In vivo, MPCs‐seeded PCL nanofiber sheet was placed under the female rat's urethra after pudendal nerve denervation (animal model of SUI). The leak point pressure (LPP) was evaluated with the vertical tilt table after the operation for four weeks. The resulting LPP of MPCs‐seeded PCL nanofiber sheet group was observed to be significantly higher than the denervation‐only group's. Furthermore, PKH‐26‐labeled MPCs were observed under the urethral sphincter by immunohistochemistry. These results indicated that, the MPCs‐seeded PCL nanofiber sheet have not only provided support for the deficient sphincter, but also actively improved the sphincter's function overall. In conclusion, this bioactive tissue‐engineered sling could be used as an ideal material for the treatment of SUI. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.