bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of pediatric abdominal masses by fine‐needle aspiration cytology: A clinicoradiologic approach
Authors: Viswanathan Seethalakshmi , George Sophia , Ramadwar Mukta , Medhi Seema , Arora Brijesh , Kurkure Purna 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe pathologist forms a very important part of the clinical team in the management of pediatric intra‐abdominal masses in giving a rapid, accurate diagnosis for these potentially curable tumors. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an invaluable tool in this regard when interpreted with clinicoradiologic parameters. With this in mind, we decided to evaluate the role of FNAC in pediatric abdominal masses in our institution. A total of 83 of 105 FNAC accessioned in the pathology department over 5 years (2003–2007) were studied. These included only cases where a diagnosis could be offered on cytology. Detailed clinicoradiological features were obtained from hospital records. Cytomorphological features examined included cellularity, architectural pattern, background, key cellular details. Immunocytochemistry were done where necessary. Lesions diagnosed on FNAC included Wilms' tumor (19), lymphoma (10), neuroblastoma (6), hepatoblastoma (5), PNET (5), rhabdomyosarcoma (2), DSRCT (2), germ cell tumor (6), and miscellaneous tumors (7). Definite diagnosis could be offered on cytomorphology in 74.7% (62) cases, while in 25.3% (21) cases only a diagnosis of round cell tumor could be offered. Concordance with final histopathology and biochemical parameters was subsequently obtained in 79/83 (95.5%) of cases. A clinically relevant classification is possible on FNAC in pediatric abdominal tumors when interpreted with clinicoradiologic parameters. This obviates the need for a more time‐consuming biopsy procedure in critical situations and in stage II nephroblastoma where it is contraindicated. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear morphometry and texture analysis of B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: Utility in subclassification on cytosmears
Authors: Gupta Shilpa , Gupta Ruchika , Singh Sompal , Gupta Kusum , Kudesia Madhur 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNon‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms and accurate subclassification is an essential prerequisite for proper management of patients. This study was aimed at evaluating the utility of nuclear morphometry and textural features on cytology smears to classify the cases of NHL on aspiration cytology.Fine needle aspiration smears of 50 cases of B‐cell NHL were included. Various morphometric and texture parameters were obtained by manually tracing the nuclei on digitized images in each case and discriminant analysis performed using various features taken individually as well as all together. The percentage of cells correctly classified to a particular NHL subtype using the discriminant functions so obtained was noted.Our results show that discriminant analysis done on size parameters could correctly classify a greater number of cells than on shape parameters (36.4% vs. 21.2%, respectively). Texture parameters based on single pixel values (first order texture) were inferior (42.8%) to those based on pair of pixels (58.7%) in subtyping of cells. Discriminant analysis based on color parameters was more effective (61.9%) as compared to rest of the morphometric and textural parameters. Using all the morphometric and textural parameters together, 83.3% of cells could be correctly classified to a particular NHL subtype.The present study, perhaps the first study of detailed morphometric analysis on cytosmears, shows that satisfactory classification of NHL on aspiration cytology is possible using nuclear morphometry and textural parameters considered together. These results are promising for further studies on this subject and development of automated cytodiagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumoral calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease: A rare diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Kishore B. , Khare P. , Gupta R. Jain , Gupta C. , Khare V. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCalcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease (CPPD) is a well‐recognized inflammatory joint disorder characterized by presence of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in intraarticular and periarticular tissue. We report here a case of a 48‐year‐old male who presented with painless right hand swelling. Clinical suspicion was that of malignant soft tissue tumor. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) yielded chalky white gritty material. Microscopic examination showed large areas of basophilic calcified material, histiocytes, giant cells and characteristic rhomboid shaped crystals. At places, chondroid material was also identified, hence, diagnosis of CPPD was made. This was confirmed on histopathological examination. Tophaceous/ tumoral pseudogout is a rare form of CPPD and it is important to recognize that this form can be diagnosed in FNA cytology (FNAC) and misdiagnosis of benign or malignant cartilaginous lesions can be avoided. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grading of soft tissue sarcomas on fine‐needle aspiration cytology smear
Authors: Mallik Mrinmay Kumar , Dey Pranab , Gupta Subhash Kumari , Vasishta Rakesh Kumar 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this present study we have attempted to grade soft tissue sarcomas on fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) material and then subsequently correlated our findings on histology section.A total of 44 cases of primary soft tissue sarcomas (STS) were graded and correlated with the subsequent histopathology sections.FNAC successfully diagnosed 40 cases and four cases were reported as benign. There were 11 grade I, 32 grade II and one grade III cases on histopathology. Out of the 11 grade I cases, only three cases were graded correctly on cytology. On FNAC, 31 sarcomas were diagnosed correctly as grade II tumors and one case was under diagnosed as benign. There was a single case of grade III sarcoma on histopathology which was correctly diagnosed and graded on FNAC.In majority of the STS it is possible to grade on FNAC. Grade I STS is relatively difficult to grade than grade II STS. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prenatal maternal emotional complaints are associated with cortisol responses in toddler and preschool aged girls
Authors: de Bruijn Anouk T.C.E. , van Bakel Hedwig J.A. , Wijnen Hennie , Pop Victor J.M. , van Baar Anneloes L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAssociations between prenatal maternal emotional complaints and child behavioral and cognitive problems have been reported, with different relations for boys and girls. Fetal programming hypotheses underline these associations and state that the early development of the HPA‐axis of the children may have been affected. In the present study, differences in cortisol responses of prenatally exposed and nonexposed children are examined for both sexes separately. Cortisol response patterns of a group preschool aged children that were prenatally exposed to high levels of maternal emotional complaints (N = 51) were compared to a nonexposed group (N = 52). Child saliva was collected at the start of a home visit (T1), 22 min after a mother–child interaction episode (T2), and 22 min after a potentially frustrating task (T3). Repeated measures analyses showed that prenatally exposed girls showed higher cortisol levels across the three episodes compared to nonexposed girls. No differences were found in boys. Maternal prenatal emotional complaints might be related to child HPA‐axis functioning differently for boys and girls. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 553–563, 2009.
Induction of Treg by monocyte‐derived DC modulated by vitamin D3 or dexamethasone: Differential role for PD‐L1
Authors: Unger Wendy W. J. , Laban Sandra , Kleijwegt Fleur S. , van der Slik Arno R. , Roep Bart O. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSpecific therapy with modulated DC may restore immunological tolerance, thereby obviating the need for chronic immunosuppression in transplantation or autoimmunity. In this study we compared the tolerizing capacity of dexamethasone (Dex)‐ and 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3)‐modulated DC. Treatment of monocytes with either VD3 or Dex resulted in DC with stable, semi‐mature phenotypes compared with standard DC, with intermediate levels of co‐stimulatory and MHC class II molecules, which remained unaltered after subsequent pro‐inflammatory stimulation. IL‐12p70 secretion was lost by VD3‐ and Dex‐DC, whereas IL‐10 secretion was unaffected. VD3‐DC distinctly produced large amounts of TNF‐α. Both VD3‐ and Dex‐DC possessed the capacity to convert CD4 T cells into IL‐10‐secreting Treg potently suppressing the proliferation of responder T cells. However, only Treg induced by VD3‐DC exhibited antigen specificity. VD3‐, but not Dex‐, DC expressed significant high levels of PD‐L1 (programmed death‐1 ligand), upon activation. Blockade of PD‐L1 during priming redirected T cells to produce IFN‐γ instead of IL‐10 and abolished acquisition of regulatory capacity. Our findings demonstrate that both VD3‐ and Dex‐DC possess durable but differential tolerogenic features, acting via different mechanisms. Both are potentially useful to specifically down‐regulate unwanted immune responses and induce immune tolerance. These modulated DC appear suitable as adjuvant in antigen‐specific clinical vaccination intervention strategies.
Abundance of follicular helper T cells in Peyer's patches is modulated by CD155
Authors: Seth Sebastian , Ravens Inga , Kremmer Elisabeth , Maier Michael K. , Hadis Usriansyah , Hardtke Svenja , Förster Reinhold , Bernhardt Günter 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe secondary humoral immune response is characterized by plasma B cells secreting isotype‐switched and affinity‐matured antibodies. The efficient generation of plasma B cells in the GC depends on the presence of follicular helper T (TFH) cells, a cell type thought to arise from naive CD4‐positive T cells by a hitherto unresolved differentiation pathway. Mice deficient for CD155, an adhesion receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, are impaired to mount a secondary humoral immune response upon oral administration of antigen, while the primary IgM response is unaffected. Here, we show that mice lacking CD155 harbor significantly reduced numbers of TFH cells in their Peyer's patches. This was paralleled by a decreased frequency of TFH cells in the GC. Moreover, the CD155 ligand CD226, which is involved in T‐cell activation, is down‐regulated during TFH cell differentiation, resulting in a complete absence of CD226 on those TFH cells residing in the GC. Concurrently, the expression of TIGIT/WUCAM, a newly discovered CD155 ligand, is induced in TFH cells. Thus, these cells replace an activating by a putative inhibitory CD155‐binding partner during their differentiation.
Functional Chimeras: New Bingel–Hirsch‐Type Steroid–Fullerene Hybrids
Authors: Coro Julieta , Rodríguez Hortensia , Rivera Daniel G. , Suárez Margarita , Molero Dolores , Herranz María Ángeles , Martínez‐Álvarez Roberto , Filippone Salvatore , Martín Nazario 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCyclopropanations between C60 and readily available malonates bearing different steroid moieties (4–6) by the Bingel–Hirsch protocol has allowed the synthesis of a new series of hybrid functionalized chimeras (7–9). Whereas cycloadducts 7 and 8 showed the expected chemical structures, the presence of the diene moiety in the ergosterol unit of malonate 6 resulted in the production of the corresponding cycloadduct with an additional oxygen molecule. A thorough spectroscopical study (1H and 13C NMR, COSY, DEPT, HMQC, and HMBC) allowed the structure of monocycloadduct 9 to be unambiguously unraveled as that of an endoperoxide, as a result of the sensitizing effect of the C60 unit, which efficiently promotes the addition of excited singlet oxygen to the diene moiety of the steroid. Cyclic voltammetry of hybrids 7–9, as well as their electronic spectra, support the exclusive formation of the corresponding monoadducts. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Spatially resolved measurements of gas composition in a pressurised black liquor gasifier
Authors: Carlsson Per , Gebart Rikard , Grönberg Carola , Marklund Magnus , Risberg Mikael , Wiinikka Henrik , Öhrman Olov 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBlack liquor gasification is a new process for recovery of energy and chemicals in black liquor from the Kraft pulping process. The process can be combined with catalytic conversion of syngas into motor fuels. The potential for motor fuel production from black liquor in Sweden is to replace about 25% of the current consumption of gasoline and diesel. For Finland the figure is even higher while for Canada it is about 14% and for the USA about 2%. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Improvements of biomass physical and thermochemical characteristics via torrefaction process
Authors: Sadaka Samy , Negi Sunita 
Published: August 2009

AbstractVarious types of feedstocks such as straws and cotton gin waste are characterized by their low bulk density and relatively low energy content as well as irregular particle sizes and shapes. These factors impact the production of bioenergy from these fluffy feedstocks. The goal of this research is to improve the physical and thermochemical characteristics of biomass via torrefaction process. Torrefaction involves the heating of biomass to moderate temperature of 200 to 300°C in an inert atmosphere. Thus, the properties of the biomass undergo chemical and physical changes under torrefaction process.Several batches of wheat straw, rice straw, and cotton gin waste were torrefied at 260°C for 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min using a batch torrefaction system located at the bioenergy lab, Stuttgart, AR. Another set of experiments took place in which wheat straw was used as the feedstock. The effects of torrefaction temperature (200, 260, and 315°C) and residence time (60, 120, and 180 min) on the physical and thermochemical characteristics of wheat straw were studied. During 1 hour torrefaction at 260°C, moisture content was reduced by 70.5%, 49.4%, and 48.6% for wheat straw, rice straw, and cotton gin waste, respectively. Insignificant reduction (<1.9%) of the volatile solids was observed under the same torrefaction conditions. The heating value increased by 15.3%, 16.9%, and 6.3% for wheat straw, rice straw, and cotton gin waste, respectively. Rice straw showed the highest weight loss of 30.7% under the same torrefaction conditions.The second set of experiment showed that the torrefaction temperature have stronger effect compared with residence time. The highest heating value (22.75 MJ/kg) and the highest weight loss (54%) of wheat straw were observed at torrefaction temperature of 315°C and 3‐h residence time. Also, improvement of size reduction was visually observed, which has the favorable properties for application for gasification and/or pyrolysis. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Experimental investigation on the seismic response of a steel liquid storage tank equipped with floating roof by shaking table tests
Authors: De Angelis M. , Giannini R. , Paolacci F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the effectiveness of the base isolation on steel storage tanks has been investigated through numerical models and then checked by shaking table tests on a reduced scale (1:14) model of a real steel tank, typically used in petrochemical plants. In the experimental campaign the floating roof has also been taken into account. The tests have been performed on the physical model both in fixed and isolated base configurations; in particular two alternative base isolation systems have been used: high‐damping rubber bearings devices and sliding isolators with elasto‐plastic dampers. Finally, a comparison between experimental and numerical results has also been performed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An accurate and efficient Riemann solver with tangent velocities for Godunov schemes in special relativistic hydrodynamics
Authors: Durante Danilo , Riccardi Giorgio 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn order to numerically integrate the special relativistic hydrodynamics (SRHD) equations through a Godunov scheme, the use of an exact Riemann solver having a low computational cost is proposed. The solver works through a Newton iterative method in pressure, by using a preliminary detection of the wave pattern and an integration by series of the ODE for the normal velocity across a rarefaction wave. A comparison with the solver of Martì and Müller shows about a 90% reduction of the computational cost. The present Riemann solver has been used inside a first‐order Godunov scheme, in order to test the solver for high jumps of the primitive variables, perhaps avoiding certain numerical manipulations (e.g. limiting filters and multi‐step integration schemes). The time evolution of a two‐dimensional mixing layer is finally considered and a comparison with the solution obtained from a HLL method is carried out.The main result of this analysis lies in showing how the present exact Riemann solver can be successfully employed in the effective numerical integration of the SRHD equations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical investigation of fully developed laminar flow in irregular annuli: Square‐circular ducts
Authors: Al‐Odat M. Q. , Haddad O. M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNumerical study is carried out on fully developed laminar axial flow of incompressible Newtonian fluid in irregular annuli of different cross‐sectional geometry. Accurate prediction of the friction factor of this flow was obtained using high‐order finite element method. Investigations are performed for the annular flow between rectangular and circular ducts under all possible arrangements. The governing equations are solved by an efficient finite element technique. It was found that a higher annular area‐ratio will lead to a monotonic increase in (f Re) value in the case of regular annuli, and will lead to an increase followed by a decrease in (f Re) value in the case of irregular annuli. Furthermore, this study illustrates that irregular annuli have lower (f Re) value than regular annuli, and that the square‐in‐circle case (SC‐case) has the lowest (f Re) value whereas the circle‐in‐circle case (CC‐case) has the highest (f Re) value. The finite element technique developed in this study was validated against the already reported numerical results in the literature, and the results presented in this work show excellent agreement. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filtering in the control of irrigation canals
Authors: Durdu Ömer Faruk 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filtering methodology was developed for the automatic control of an irrigation canal system under unknown disturbances (water withdrawals) acting in the canal. Using a linearized finite difference model of open channel flow, the canal operation problem was formulated as an optimal control problem and an algorithm for gate opening in the presence of arbitrary external disturbances (changes in flow rates) was derived. Based on the linear optimal control theory, the linear quadratic regulator (LQR), assuming all the state variables (flow depths and flow rates) were available, was designed to generate control input (optimal gate opening). As it was expensive to measure all the state variables (flow rates and flow depths) in a canal system, a fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filter and traditional Kalman filter were designed to estimate the values for the state variables that were not measured but were needed in the feedback loop. The performances of the state estimators designed using the fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filter methodology and the traditional Kalman filtering technique were compared with the results obtained using the LQR (target loop function). The results of the present study indicated that the performance of the fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filter was far superior to the performance of the observer design based upon the traditional Kalman filter approach. The obvious advantages of the fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filter were the prevention of filter divergence and ease of implementation. As the fuzzy logic adaptive Kalman filter requires smaller number of state variables for the acceptable accuracy therefore, it would need less computational effort in the control of irrigation canals. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving costing methods in multicentre economic evaluation: the use of multiple imputation for unit costs
Authors: Grieve Richard , Cairns John , Thompson Simon G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractEconomic evaluations must use appropriate costing methods. However, in multicentre cost‐effectiveness analyses (CEA) a fundamental issue of how best to measure and analyse unit costs has been neglected. Multicentre CEA commonly take the mean unit cost from a national database, such as NHS reference costs. This approach does not recognise that unit costs vary across centres and are unavailable in some centres. This paper proposes the use of multiple imputation (MI) to predict those centre‐specific unit costs that are not available, while recognising the statistical uncertainty surrounding this imputation.We illustrate MI with a CEA of a multicentre randomised trial (1014 patients, 60 centres), implemented using multilevel modelling. We use MI to derive centre‐specific unit costs, based on centre characteristics including average casemix, and compare this to using mean NHS reference costs. In this case study, using MI unit costs rather than mean reference costs led to less heterogeneity across centres, more precise estimates of incremental cost, but similar estimates of incremental cost‐effectiveness.We conclude that using MI to predict unit costs can preserve correlations, maximise the use of available data, and, when combined with multilevel modelling is an appropriate method for recognising the statistical uncertainty in multicentre CEA. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves – caveats quantified
Authors: Jakubczyk Michał , Kamiński Bogumił 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCost‐effectiveness acceptability curves (CEACs) have become widely used in applied health technology assessment and at the same time are criticized as unreliable decision‐making tool. In this paper we show how using CEACs differs from maximizing expected net benefit (NB) and when it can lead to inconsistent decisions. In the case of comparing two alternatives we show the limits of the discrepancy between CEAC and expected NB approach and link it with expected value of perfect information. We also show how the shape of CEAC is influenced by the skewness of estimate of expected NB distribution, the correlation between cost and effect estimates and their variance. In the case of more than two options we show when using CEACs can lead to non‐transitive choices in pair‐wise comparisons and when it lacks independence of irrelevant alternatives property in joint comparisons. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.