bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation in productivity of foundation riparian species at the edge of their distribution: implications for restoration and assisted migration in a warming climate
Authors: Grady Kevin C. , Ferrier Sharon M. , Kolb Thomas E. , Hart Stephen C. , Allan Gerard J. , Whitham Thomas G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe examined the hypothesis that genotypic variation among populations of commonly co‐occurring phreatophytic trees (Populus fremontii,Salix gooddingii) and the shrub (Salix exigua) regulates aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) at a hot site at the edge of the species’ distribution. We used a provenance trial in which replicated genotypes from populations varying in mean annual temperature were transplanted to a common garden adjacent to theLowerColoradoRiver in southeasternCalifornia. The garden environment represented an extreme maximum temperature for the study species. Four major findings emerged: (1) Genotypic variation inANPPwas significant for all species with broad‐sense heritability (H2) across populations of 0.11, 0.13, and 0.10 forP. fremontii,S. gooddingii, andS. exigua, respectively, and within‐populationH2ranging from 0.00 to 0.25, 0.00 to 0.44, and 0.02 to 0.21, respectively. (2) PopulationANPPdecreased linearly as mean annual maximum temperature (MAMT) transfer distance increased for bothP. fremontii(r2 = 0.64) andS. gooddingii(r2 = 0.37), whereas it did not change forS. exigua; (3) Populations with similarMAMTto that of the common garden were 1.5 and 1.2 times more productive than populations with 5.0 °CMAMTtransfer distances forP. fremontiiandS. gooddingii, respectively; and (4) Variation in regression slopes among species for the relationship betweenANPPandMAMTindicate species‐specific responses to temperature. As these plant species characterize a threatened habitat type and support a diverse community that includes endangered species, ecosystem restoration programs should consider using both local genotypes and productive genotypes from warmer environments to maximize productivity of riparian ecosystems in the face of global climate change.
Phadiatop Infant® detects IgE‐mediated diseases among pre‐school children: a prospective study
Authors: Nilsson Caroline , Lilja Gunnar , Nordlund Monica , Berthold Malin , Borres Magnus P. 
Published: September 2011

To cite this article: Nilsson C, Lilja L, Nordlund M, Berthold M, Borres MP. Phadiatop Infant® detects IgE‐mediated diseases among pre‐school children: a prospective study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; Doi: 10.1111/j.1399‐3038.2011.01203.xAbstractBackground:  IgE‐sensitization to food and inhalant allergens may precede and accompany the appearance of clinical symptoms of allergic diseases. The aim was to study the diagnostic capacity of Phadiatop® Infant (Phinf) for detecting IgE‐sensitization at 5 yr of age and further to evaluate the predictive capacity of Phinf longitudinally with regard to sensitization and allergic symptoms in pre‐school children.Methods:  Two hundred and one children with complete data on sIgE testing for 10 individual allergens, Phinf analyses, and clinical evaluations at 2 and 5 yr of age were evaluated.Results:  The diagnostic performance of Phinf, applied at the age of 5 and compared to specific IgE testing, gave a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 98%. The positive and negative predictive values were 97% and 92%, respectively. A positive Phinf test at 2 yr increased the odds 35.6‐fold (95% CI 11.8–107) for IgE‐sensitization and 14.7‐fold (95% CI 4.4–49.7) for any allergic symptom at 5 yr of age. The association (OR) between Phinf and current symptoms was, at 2 and 5 yr of age, 3.6 (95% CI 1.6–7.9) and 18.4 (95% CI 7.4–45.8), respectively.Conclusions:  Phinf seems to be a reliable tool for predicting future sensitization as well as allergic symptoms in young children.
Vegetative reproduction capacities of floodplain willows – cutting response to competition and biomass loss
Authors: Radtke A. , Mosner E. , Leyer I. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWhile several studies on regeneration in Salicaceae have focused on seedling recruitment, little is known about factors controlling their vegetative reproduction. In two greenhouse experiments, we studied the response of floodplain willows (Salix fragilis, S. viminalis, S. triandra) to competition with Poa trivialis, and to shoot and root removal when planted as vegetative cuttings. In the first experiment, growth performance variables were analysed in relation to full competition, shoot competition, root competition and control, taking into account two different water levels. After 9 weeks, shoots were removed and the resprouting capacity of the bare cuttings was recorded. In the second experiment, the cutting performance of the three floodplain and an additional two fen willow species (S. cinerea, S. aurita) was compared when grown in three different soil compositions and with two different water levels. After 9 weeks, shoot and root biomass was removed and the bare cuttings were replanted to test their ability to resprout. Cutting performance and secondary resprouting were negatively affected by full and shoot competition while root competition had no or weak effects. The floodplain species performed better than the fen species in all soil types and water levels. Secondary resprouting capacity was also higher in the floodplain species, which showed an additional strong positive response to the previous waterlogging treatment. The results contribute to understanding of the vegetative regeneration ecology of floodplain willows, and suggest that the use of vegetative plantings in restoration plantings could be an effective strategy for recovering floodplain forests.
Detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in cats with conjunctivitis
Authors: Sibitz Christina , Rudnay Elisabeth C. , Wabnegger Leila , Spergser Joachim , Apfalter Petra , Nell Barbara 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective  To determine the presence of chlamydial species including recently described chlamydial agents as well as the human pathogen Chlamydophila pneumoniae in feline conjunctivitis.Animal studied  Twenty five cats without and 49 cats with conjunctivitis were tested for chlamydia using a Chlamydiaceae real time (RT) PCR (targeting the 23S rRNA gene sequence), a Chlamydiales PCR (targeting the 16S rRNA gene sequence), and cell culture. The PCR products of all positive samples were sequenced and subsequently analyzed using a basic local alignment search tool search.Results  Chlamydiaceae RT PCR and subsequent sequence analyses identified C. pneumoniae in five cats in the conjunctivitis group. The presence of Chlamydophila felis was shown in two cats with conjunctivitis. Chlamydiae related to uncultured members of Chlamydiales were detected in three conjunctivitis cases and in one cat without clinical symptoms.Conclusion  This study detects for the first time, the known human pathogen C. pneumoniae in feline conjunctivitis cases using Chlamydiaceae RT PCR and sequence analyses.
Subjective Perceptions Associated with the Ascending and Descending Slopes of Breath Alcohol Exposure Vary with Recent Drinking History
Authors: Wetherill Leah , Morzorati Sandra L. , Foroud Tatiana , Windisch Kyle , Darlington Todd , Zimmerman Ulrich S. , Plawecki Martin H. , O’Connor Sean J. 
Published: September 2011

Background:  The differentiator model predicts that individuals with a positive family history of alcoholism (FHA) or heavy alcohol consumers will feel more sensitive to the effects of alcohol on the ascending phase of the blood alcohol content while feeling less sedated on the descending phase. This study tested whether subjective perceptions are sensitive to the slope of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) and whether that sensitivity is associated with an FHA and/or recent drinking history (RDH).Methods:  Family‐history‐positive (FHP, n = 27) and family‐history‐negative (FHN, n = 27) young adult nondependent drinkers were infused intravenously with alcohol in 2 sessions separated by 1 week. After 20 minutes, one session had an ascending BrAC (+3.0 mg%/min), while the other session had a descending BrAC (−1 mg%/min). The BrAC for both sessions at this point was approximately 60 mg%, referred to as the crossover point. Subjective perceptions of intoxication, high, stimulated, and sedation were sampled frequently and then interpolated to the crossover point. Within‐subject differences between ascending and descending responses were examined for associations with FHA and/or RDH.Results:  Recent moderate drinkers reported increased perceptions of feeling intoxicated (p < 0.023) and high (p < 0.023) on the ascending slope compared with the descending slope. In contrast, recent light drinkers felt more intoxicated and high on the descending slope.Conclusions:  Subjective perceptions in young adult social drinkers depend on the slope of the BrAC when examined in association with RDH. These results support the differentiator model hypothesis concerning the ascending slope and suggest that moderate alcohol consumers could be at risk for increased alcohol consumption because they feel more intoxicated and high on the ascending slope. Subjects did not feel less sedated on the descending slope, contrary to the differentiator model but replicating several previous studies.
Effect of experimentally induced climate change on the seed bank of a Mediterranean shrubland
Authors: del Cacho Montse , Saura‐Mas Sandra , Estiarte Marc , Peñuelas Josep , Lloret Francisco 
Published: September 2011

AbstractQuestionsWe studied the soil seed bank under field‐simulated climate change conditions and addressed the following questions: Is the effect of climate change on seed banks more evident in areas without vegetation? Are short‐lived species more sensitive to this directional climate change than long‐lived species?LocationA Mediterranean shrubland in the Garraf Natural Park, NE Spain.MethodsDirectional climate change was induced through manipulating temperature and rainfall over almost 9 yr. Soil seed banks were assessed using the seedling emergence method.ResultsUnder drought and warming treatments, the total number of germinating seeds decreased by 47% and 43%, respectively, in non‐vegetated areas. In contrast, no effect was found for areas with vegetation cover. Reduced seed bank density was particularly pronounced for short‐lived species (therophytes plus hemicryptophytes), which dropped by 60% and 69%, respectively, in the drought and warming treatments in open areas, while no significant changes were observed under vegetation. In non‐vegetated areas, the reduction in seed bank density was similar in all species. In contrast, a shift in the relative abundance of seed bank species was apparent under shrub canopies.ConclusionsAs experimental climatic manipulations of Mediterranean shrublands demonstrate a trend towards an increase in open areas under drought conditions, a decrease in the seed bank of short‐lived species in these areas may potentially result in a positive feedback that would accentuate the loss of vegetation cover under predicted future climate conditions.
Fluoroquinolone Efflux in Streptococcus suis Is Mediated by SatAB and Not by SmrA
Authors: Escudero Jose Antonio , San Millan Alvaro , Gutierrez Belen , Hidalgo Laura , La Ragione Roberto M. , AbuOun Manal , Galimand Marc , Ferrándiz María José , Domínguez Lucas , de la Campa Adela G. , Gonzalez-Zorn Bruno 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus suis
is an emerging zoonotic pathogen. With the lack of an effective vaccine, antibiotics remain the main tool to fight infections caused by this pathogen. We have previously observed a reserpine-sensitive fluoroquinolone (FQ) efflux phenotype in this species. Here, SatAB and SmrA, two pumps belonging to the ATP binding cassette (ABC) and the major facilitator superfamily (MFS), respectively, have been analyzed in the fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolate BB1013. Genes encoding these pumps were overexpressed either constitutively or in the presence of ciprofloxacin in this strain. These genes could not be cloned in plasmids in
Escherichia coli
despite strong expression repression. Finally, site-directed insertion of
smrA
and
satAB
in the
amy
locus of the
Bacillus subtilis
chromosome using ligated PCR amplicons allowed for the functional expression and study of both pumps. Results showed that SatAB is a narrow-spectrum fluoroquinolone exporter (norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin), susceptible to reserpine, whereas SmrA was not involved in fluoroquinolone resistance. Chromosomal integration in
Bacillus
is a novel method for studying efflux pumps from Gram-positive bacteria, which enabled us to demonstrate the possible role of SatAB, and not SmrA, in fluoroquinolone efflux in
S. suis
.
Blue Dye and Red Light, a Dynamic Combination for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Cutaneous Candida albicans Infections in Mice
Authors: Dai Tianhong , Bil de Arce Vida J. , Tegos George P. , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to investigate photodynamic therapy (PDT), using blue dye and red light, for prophylaxis and treatment of cutaneous
Candida albicans
infections in mice. A mouse model of skin abrasion infected with
C. albicans
was developed by inoculating wounds measuring 1.2 cm by 1.2 cm with 10
6
or 10
7
CFU. The use of a luciferase-expressing strain of
C. albicans
allowed real-time monitoring of the extent of infection in mice noninvasively through bioluminescence imaging. The phenothiazinium salts toluidine blue O (TBO), methylene blue (MB), and new methylene blue (NMB) were compared as photosensitizers (PS) for the photodynamic inactivation of
C. albicans
in vitro
. PDT
in vivo
was initiated either at 30 min or at 24 h after fungal inoculation to investigate the efficacies of PDT for both prophylaxis and treatment of infections. Light at 635 ± 15 nm or 660 ± 15 nm was delivered with a light dose of 78 J/cm
2
(for PDT at 30 min postinfection) or 120 J/cm
2
(for PDT at 24 h postinfection) in multiple exposures with bioluminescence imaging taking place after each exposure of light.
In vitro
studies showed that NMB was superior to TBO and MB as the PS in the photodynamic inactivation of
C. albicans
. The efficacy of PDT was related to the ratio of PS concentration to fungal cell density. PDT
in vivo
initiated either at 30 min or at 24 h postinfection significantly reduced
C. albicans
burden in the infected mouse skin abrasion wounds. These data suggest that PDT is a viable approach for prophylaxis and treatment of cutaneous
C. albicans
infections.
Contribution of Serotype and Genetic Background to Virulence of Serotype 3 and Serogroup 11 Pneumococcal Isolates
Authors: McAllister Lauren J. , Ogunniyi Abiodun D. , Stroeher Uwe H. , Leach Amanda J. , Paton James C. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT

The capsular serotype has long been associated with the virulence of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
. Here we present an in-depth study of phenotypic and genetic differences between serotype 3 and serogroup 11
S. pneumoniae
clinical isolates from both the general and indigenous populations of Australia. Both serotypes/groups included clonally unrelated strains with differences in well-known polymorphic virulence genes, such as
nanA
and
pspA
, as demonstrated by multilocus sequence typing and Western blot analysis. Nonetheless, the serotype 3 strains were consistently and significantly more virulent in mice than the serogroup 11 strains. Despite extensive genomic analysis, noncapsular genes common to one serotype/group but not the other were not identified. Nevertheless, following the conversion of a serotype 11A isolate to serotype 3 and subsequent analysis in an intranasal infection model, it was evident that both capsular and noncapsular factors determine the virulence phenotype in mice. However, it appears that these noncapsular factors vary from strain to strain.
Telomere Shortening Alters the Kinetics of the DNA Damage Response after Ionizing Radiation in Human Cells
Authors: Drissi Rachid , Wu Jing , Hu Yafang , Bockhold Carol , Dome Jeffrey S. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Studies of telomerase-deficient mice and human cell lines have showed that telomere shortening enhances sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR). The molecular basis for this observation remains unclear. To better understand the connection between telomere shortening and radiation sensitivity, we evaluated components of the DNA damage response pathway in normal human fibroblasts with short and long telomeres. Late-passage cells with short telomeres showed enhanced sensitivity to IR compared with early-passage cells with longer telomeres. Compared with early-passage cells, late-passage cells had a higher baseline level of phosphorylated H2AX protein (γH2AX) before IR but diminished peak levels of H2AX phosphorylation after treatment with IR. Both the appearance and disappearance of γH2AX foci were delayed in late-passage cells, indicative of delayed DNA repair. In contrast to the situation with H2AX, ATM and p53 phosphorylation kinetics were similar in early- and late-passage cells, but phosphorylation of the chromatin-bound ATM targets SMC1 and NBS1 was delayed in late-passage cells. Because impaired phosphorylation associated with short telomeres was restricted to chromatin-bound ATM targets, chromatin structure was assessed. DNA from cells with short telomeres was more resistant to digestion with micrococcal nuclease, indicative of compacted chromatin. Moreover, cells with short telomeres showed histone acetylation and methylation profiles consistent with heterochromatin. Together our data suggest a model in which short telomeres induce chromatin structure changes that limit access of activated ATM to its downstream targets on the chromatin, thereby providing a potential explanation for the increased radiation sensitivity seen with telomere shortening. Cancer Prev Res; 4(12); 1973–81. ©2011 AACR.
Development of Statistical Typhoon Intensity Prediction: Application to Satellite-Observed Surface Evaporation and Rain Rate (STIPER)
Authors: Gao Si , Chiu Long S. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A statistical–dynamical model has been used for operational guidance for tropical cyclone (TC) intensity prediction. In this study, several multiple linear regression models and neural network (NN) models are developed for the intensity prediction of western North Pacific TCs at 24-, 48-, and 72-h intervals. The multiple linear regression models include a model of climatology and persistence (CLIPER), a model based on the Statistical Typhoon Intensity Prediction System (STIPS), which serves as the base regression model (BASE), and a model of STIPS with additional satellite estimates of surface evaporation (SLHF) and inner-core rain rate (IRR, STIPER model). A revised equation for the TC maximum potential intensity is derived using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager optimally interpolated sea surface temperature data, which have higher temporal and spatial resolutions. Analyses of the resulting models show the marginal improvement of STIPER over BASE. However, IRR and SLHF are found to be significant predictors in the predictor pool. Neural network models using the same predictors as STIPER show reductions of the mean absolute errors of 7%, 11%, and 16% relative to STIPER for 24-, 48-, and 72-h forecasts, respectively. The largest improvement is found for the intensity forecasts of the rapidly intensifying and rapidly decaying TCs.
Persistence of leukemia stem cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients in prolonged remission with imatinib treatment
Authors: Chu Su , McDonald Tinisha , Lin Allen , Chakraborty Sujata , Huang Qin , Snyder David S. , Bhatia Ravi 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Imatinib mesylate treatment markedly reduces the burden of leukemia cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. However, patients remain at risk for relapse on discontinuing treatment. We have previously shown that residual BCR-ABL+ progenitors can be detected in CML patients within the first 2 years of imatinib treatment. However, reduced rates of relapse and continued decline of BCR-ABL levels with prolonged treatment, together with the ability of selected patients to maintain remission after discontinuing treatment, led us to investigate whether prolonged imatinib exposure resulted in reduction or elimination of BCR-ABL+ stem cells. We evaluated BCR-ABL expression in CD34+CD38+ (38+) committed progenitors and CD34+CD38− (38−) stem/primitive progenitor cells in samples from CML patients on imatinib treatment for at least 4 years with cytogenetic and molecular response. High levels of BCR-ABL expression were maintained over time in the 38− stem cell fraction. The absolute frequency of BCR-ABL+ cells as determined by limiting dilution analysis was consistently higher in 38− compared with 38+ cells. Transplantation into NOD/SCID-IL2Rγ-chain knockout mice demonstrated that BCR-ABL+ cells had long-term in vivo repopulating capacity. These results directly demonstrate that BCR-ABL+ stem cells persist in CML patients despite prolonged treatment with imatinib, and support ongoing efforts to target this population.
MicroRNA-34a modulates genes involved in cellular motility and oxidative phosphorylation in neural precursors derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Chang Shing-Jyh , Weng Shun-Long , Hsieh Jui-Yu , Wang Tao-Yeuan , Chang Margaret Dah-Tsyr , Wang Hsei-Wei 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) found in bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and the Wharton's jelly matrix of human umbilical cord (WJ-MSCs) are able to transdifferentiate into neuronal lineage cells both in vitro and in vivo and therefore hold the potential to treat neural disorders such as stroke or Parkinson's disease. In bone marrow MSCs, miR-130a and miR-206 have been show to regulate the synthesis of neurotransmitter substance P in human mesenchymal stem cell-derived neuronal cells. However, how neuronal differentiation is controlled in WJ-MSC remains unclear.

Methods
WJ-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cords. We subjected WJ-MSCs into neurogenesis by a published protocol, and the miRNome patterns of WJ-MSCs and their neuronal progenitors (day 9 after differentiation) were analyzed by the Agilent microRNA microarray.

Results
Five miRNAs were enriched in WJ-MSCs, including miR-345, miR-106a, miR-17-5p, miR-20a and miR-20b. Another 11 miRNAs (miR-206, miR-34a, miR-374, miR-424, miR-100, miR-101, miR-323, miR-368, miR-137, miR-138 and miR-377) were abundantly expressed in transdifferentiated neuronal progenitors. Among these miRNAs, miR-34a and miR-206 were the only 2 miRNAs been linked to BM-MSC neurogenesis. Overexpressing miR-34a in cells suppressed the expression of 136 neuronal progenitor genes, which all possess putative miR-34a binding sites. Gene enrichment analysis according to the Gene Ontology database showed that those 136 genes were associated with cell motility, energy production (including those with oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport and ATP synthesis) and actin cytoskeleton organization, indicating that miR-34a plays a critical role in precursor cell migration. Knocking down endogenous miR-34a expression in WJ-MSCs resulted in the augment of WJ-MSC motility.

Conclusions
Our data suggest a critical role of miRNAs in MSC neuronal differentiation, and miR-34a contributes in neuronal precursor motility, which may be crucial for stem cells to home to the target sites they should be.