bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 38 Thermal maturity of the Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Canada and its bearing on hydrocarbon potential
Authors: Dewing Keith , Obermajer Mark 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Analysis of a large thermal maturity dataset indicates that the Carboniferous to Eocene Sverdrup Basin in the Canadian Arctic had a uniform response to thermal stress with depth for Mesozoic strata. Thermal maturity was established at the level of the widespread Upper Triassic Gore Point Member; a good seismic reflector, occurring in close vertical proximity to the two main oil-prone source rocks in the basin. The Gore Point Member is in the gas window (
R
o
>1.35%) in the northeastern part of the Sverdrup Basin, whereas in the western Sverdrup Basin its maturity does not exceed 1.2%
R
o
. This would support the hypothesis that large quantities of gas found at the Drake, Hecla and Whitefish fields have derived from a deeper source, probably in Permian or lower Palaeozoic strata. A normal burial curve is established using boreholes drilled in areas with no structural complexity at time of maximum burial. Low-amplitude structures, including the Drake, Hecla and Whitefish fields, show little or no uplift following maximum burial in the Paleocene, indicating that these structures formed prior to the Eocene folding related to the Eurekan Orogeny. Because they were present at the time of maximum burial, they were available to be charged during hydrocarbon migration. In contrast, high-amplitude structures show evidence of large uplifts following maximum burial. They formed in the Eocene and hence post-date most hydrocarbon migration.
Chapter 4 Regional magnetic domains of the Circum-Arctic: a framework for geodynamic interpretation
Authors: Saltus R. W. , Miller E. L. , Gaina C. , Brown P. J. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
We identify and discuss 57 magnetic anomaly pattern domains spanning the Circum-Arctic. The domains are based on analysis of a new Circum-Arctic data compilation. The magnetic anomaly patterns can be broadly related to general geodynamic classification of the crust into stable, deformed (magnetic and nonmagnetic), deep magnetic high, oceanic and large igneous province domains. We compare the magnetic domains with topography/bathymetry, regional geology, regional free air gravity anomalies and estimates of the relative magnetic ‘thickness’ of the crust. Most of the domains and their geodynamic classification assignments are consistent with their topographic/bathymetric and geological expression. A few of the domains are potentially controversial. For example, the extent of the Iceland Faroe large igneous province as identified by magnetic anomalies may disagree with other definitions for this feature. Also the lack of definitive magnetic expression of oceanic crust in Baffin Bay, the Norwegian–Greenland Sea and the Amerasian Basin is at odds with some previous interpretations. The magnetic domains and their boundaries provide clues for tectonic models and boundaries within this poorly understood portion of the globe.
Chapter 40 Baffin Fan and its inverted rift system of Arctic eastern Canada: stratigraphy, tectonics and petroleum resource potential
Authors: Harrison J. C. , Brent T. A. , Oakey G. N. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Baffin Fan is a 12 km-thick sedimentary wedge of Eocene to Pleistocene age in northwestern Baffin Bay, with size and resource potential comparable to Beaufort–Mackenzie Basin. A widespread Moho detachment originating in Mesoproterozoic strata may have influenced development of Cretaceous–Palaeogene horst blocks and half-grabens throughout the region, and their transformation by later phases of inversion. Reflection profiles indicate 12 depositional sequences in lower Palaeozoic and Cretaceous to Pleistocene strata. Notable is syntectonic sedimentation with possible volcanism and rifting in the Cretaceous–Danian. Sequences associated with inversion in the later Paleocene and Eocene display out-of-graben thrust anticlines formed over horst blocks in Lady Ann and Lancaster Sound basins. The Oligocene to mid-Miocene is associated with fluvial–deltaic systems, replaced since then by glacial–interglacial sequences including submarine canyons and deepwater fans. Exploration targets are located in Lancaster Sound, and a Baffin Bay fairway that runs 220 km northwestward to east of Coburg Island. Sixty-five per cent of prospects are located under Neogene cover. Fourteen are each greater than 70 km
2
, and five are between 334 and 592 km
2
. Based on drilling success rates elsewhere and the existence of a petroleum system, 12 of the 40 mapped structures may contain hydrocarbons in significant quantity.
Chapter 42 Greenland petroleum exploration: history, breakthroughs in understanding and future challenges
Authors: Christiansen F. G. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
In recent years there has been a growing interest from the industry for exploration in the Arctic and other high-latitude areas, including possible future petroleum provinces in Greenland. Exploration focus in Greenland has mainly been on central west Greenland with several licensing rounds and, as a promising result, the highest number of licences ever seen in Greenland. Activities in the coming years are likely to be directed more towards Baffin Bay and to the NE Greenland shelf. Both of these regions offer very promising exploration targets but also major technical challenges due to many months of ice coverage every year. Preparations for new exploration, data acquisition and geological and geophysical work are in progress in these two regions. Both of the regions benefit from excellent outcrops in the neighbouring onshore areas and a rapidly increasing geophysical database offshore. The history behind data acquisition and the most important results and models for exploration in some of the possible future petroleum provinces are described with particular focus on positive indications for structures and petroleum systems together with uncertainties in interpretation and the most critical risks for exploration.

Supplementary material:

Supplementary Table 1 is available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18477
.
Chapter 43 Assessment of NE Greenland: prototype for development of Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal methodology
Authors: Gautier Donald L. , Stemmerik Lars , Christiansen Flemming G. , Sørensen Kai , Bidstrup Torben , Bojesen-Koefoed Jørgen A. , Bird Kenneth J. , Charpentier Ronald R. , Houseknecht David W. , Klett T. R. , Schenk Christopher J. , Tennyson Marilyn E. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Geological features of NE Greenland suggest large petroleum potential, as well as high uncertainty and risk. The area was the prototype for development of methodology used in the US Geological Survey (USGS) Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal (CARA), and was the first area evaluated. In collaboration with the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), eight ‘assessment units’ (AU) were defined, six of which were probabilistically assessed. The most prospective areas are offshore in the Danmarkshavn Basin. This study supersedes a previous USGS assessment, from which it differs in several important respects: oil estimates are reduced and natural gas estimates are increased to reflect revised understanding of offshore geology. Despite the reduced estimates, the CARA indicates that NE Greenland may be an important future petroleum province.
Chapter 45 Geophysical exploration of the Arctic Ocean: the physical environment, survey techniques and brief summary of knowledge
Authors: Kristoffersen Yngve 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The areal extent of the ice covered Arctic Ocean is about four times the size of the Mediterranean Sea. More than 50 years after identification of the main bathymetric features in the deep polar basin, our coverage of modern multichannel seismic data is still limited to what a single ship would complete under open-ocean conditions in about two and a half months. In addition, an estimated one-fifth of the deepwater area is inaccessible to icebreaker surveys with surface-towed equipment. Signal-to-noise levels achieved in multichannel seismic data acquisition from icebreakers are sufficient to identify acoustic basement below more than 3 s (two-way travel time) of sediments in spite of reduced source and receiver arrays. Our current reconnaissance stage in deep basin exploration will at least include the coming decade as surveys by diesel-driven icebreakers are largely restricted by contemporary patterns of open leads in the sea ice cover.
Chapter 49 A first look at the petroleum geology of the Lomonosov Ridge microcontinent, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Moore Thomas E. , Grantz Arthur , Pitman Janet K. , Brown Philip J. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The Lomonosov microcontinent is an elongated continental fragment that transects the Arctic Ocean between North America and Siberia via the North Pole. Although it lies beneath polar pack ice, the geological framework of the microcontinent is inferred from sparse seismic reflection data, a few cores, potential field data and the geology of its conjugate margin in the Barents–Kara Shelf. Petroleum systems inferred to be potentially active are comparable to those sourced by condensed Triassic and Jurassic marine shale of the Barents Platform and by condensed Jurassic and (or) Cretaceous shale probably present in the adjacent Amerasia Basin. Cenozoic deposits are known to contain rich petroleum source rocks but are too thermally immature to have generated petroleum. For the 2008 USGS Circum Arctic Resource Appraisal (CARA), the microcontinent was divided into shelf and slope assessment units (AUs) at the tectonic hinge line along the Amerasia Basin margin. A low to moderate probability of accumulation in the slope AU yielded fully risked mean estimates of 123 MMBO oil and 740 BCF gas. For the shelf AU, no quantitative assessment was made because the probability of petroleum accumulations of the 50 MMBOE minimum size was estimated to be less than 10% owing to rift-related uplift, erosion and faulting.
Chapter 50 Geology and tectonic development of the Amerasia and Canada Basins, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Grantz Arthur , Hart Patrick E. , Childers Vicki A. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Amerasia Basin is the product of two phases of counterclockwise rotational opening about a pole in the lower Mackenzie Valley of NW Canada. Phase 1 opening brought ocean–continent transition crust (serpentinized peridotite?) to near the seafloor of the proto-Amerasia Basin, created detachment on the Eskimo Lakes Fault Zone of the Canadian Arctic margin and thinned the continental crust between the fault zone and the proto-Amerasia Basin to the west, beginning about 195 Ma and ending prior to perhaps about 160 Ma. The symmetry of the proto-Amerasia Basin was disrupted by clockwise rotation of the Chukchi Microcontinent into the basin from an original position along the Eurasia margin about a pole near 72°N, 165 W about 145.5–140 Ma. Phase 2 opening enlarged the proto-Amerasia Basin by intrusion of mid-ocean ridge basalt along its axis between about 131 and 127.5 Ma. Following intrusion of the Phase 2 crust an oceanic volcanic plateau, the Alpha–Mendeleev Ridge LIP (large igneous province), was extruded over the northern Amerasia Basin from about 127 to 89–75 Ma. Emplacement of the LIP halved the area of the Amerasia Basin, and the area lying south of the LIP became the Canada Basin.
FLT3 Ligand Enhances the Cancer Therapeutic Potency of Naked RNA Vaccines
Authors: Kreiter Sebastian , Diken Mustafa , Selmi Abderraouf , Diekmann Jan , Attig Sebastian , Hüsemann Yves , Koslowski Michael , Huber Christoph , Türeci Özlem , Sahin Ugur 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIntranodal immunization with antigen-encoding naked RNA may offer a simple and safe approach to induce antitumor immunity. RNA taken up by nodal dendritic cells (DC) coactivates toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling that will prime and expand antigen-specific T cells. In this study, we show that RNA vaccination can be optimized by coadministration of the DC-activating Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) ligand as an effective adjuvant. Systemic administration of FLT3 ligand prior to immunization enhanced priming and expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in lymphoid organs, T-cell homing into melanoma tumors, and therapeutic activity of the intranodal RNA. Unexpectedly, plasmacytoid DCs (pDC) were found to be essential for the adjuvant effect of FLT3 ligand and they were systemically expanded together with conventional DCs after treatment. In response to FLT3 ligand, pDCs maintained an immature phenotype, internalized RNA, and presented the RNA-encoded antigen for efficient induction of antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Coadministration of FLT3 ligand with RNA vaccination achieved remarkable cure rates and survival of mice with advanced melanoma. Our findings show how to improve the simple and safe strategy offered by RNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 71(19); 6132–42. ©2011 AACR.
microRNA-10b: A New Marker or the Marker of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma?
Authors: Setoyama Tetsuro , Zhang Xinna , Natsugoe Shoji , Calin George A. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
microRNA-10b (miR-10b) expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as identified by in situ hybridization, is highly correlated with cancer diagnosis, therapy response, and prognosis. If these findings are further confirmed in prospective studies, miR-10b could be used to improve the management of PDAC and decrease the mortality rate of this deadly cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 17(17); 5527–9. ©2011 AACR.
Dual-Fluorescence Isogenic High-Content Screening for MUC16/CA125 Selective Agents
Authors: Rao Thapi D. , Rosales Nestor , Spriggs David R. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Most of the currently used cancer chemotherapies are based on compounds that inhibit general cellular mechanisms, such as DNA replication or tubulin function, and lack specificity in relation to features of the cancer cell. Recent advances in genomic studies have increased our knowledge of tumor cell biology, and a panoply of new targets have been postulated. This has provided an opportunity to develop and validate drugs that specifically target cancer cells through their unique genetic characteristics. Identification of MUC16/CA125 both as a marker and a driver of transformation led us to design a target-based high-content screen to identify and classify compounds that exhibit differential effect on MUC16-expressing cells. We developed a coculture assay in 384-well plate containing isogenic ovarian cancer cells that are positive or negative for the MUC16 protein. High-throughput screening of our small molecule pilot library led to the identification of compounds preferentially cytotoxic to MUC16+ or MUC16− cells, using a Preferential Score analysis. We compared screening results in both A2780 and SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cells in single and coculture settings. We also identified compounds that were cytotoxic for both types of ovarian cancer cells regardless of the MUC16 status. Compounds that were preferentially targeting MUC16 cells were subsequently confirmed by caspase-induction assays. The isogenic, dual-color fluorescence strategy is an innovative approach that can effectively identify novel drug candidates, selectively targeting cancer cells that have unique molecular properties. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(10); 1939–48. ©2011 AACR.
2-Methoxy-5-Amino-N-Hydroxybenzamide Sensitizes Colon Cancer Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis by Regulating Death Receptor 5 and Survivin Expression
Authors: Stolfi Carmine , Caruso Roberta , Franzè Eleonora , Rizzo Angelamaria , Rotondi Angela , Monteleone Ivan , Fantini Massimo Claudio , Pallone Francesco , Monteleone Giovanni 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis is a crucial event in the control of tumor growth. However, many cancer cells, including colon cancer cells, are resistant to TRAIL-driven cell death. We have recently shown that 2-methoxy-5-amino-N-hydroxybenzamide (herein termed 2-14), a novel derivative of mesalamine, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in colon cancer cells. Because endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced signals regulate the expression of molecules involved in TRAIL-driven apoptosis, we examined whether 2-14 makes colon cancer cells sensitive to TRAIL. Colon cancer cells were cultured with 2-14 and/or TRAIL. Death receptor (DR) 4/DR5 were analyzed by real-time PCR and flow cytometry. TRAIL pathway–associated proteins and extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) were assessed by Western blotting. The in vivo capability of 2-14 to sensitize colon cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis was evaluated in a syngenic colon cancer model in which CT26-derived grafts were induced in mice. 2-14 promoted ERK-dependent induction of DR5, thereby enhancing TRAIL-mediated caspase-8 activation and apoptosis. Analysis of TRAIL-related pro- and antiapoptotic factors and functional studies revealed that survivin is involved in the protection of colon cancer cells against TRAIL-driven apoptosis. Notably, 2-14 enhanced ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of survivin. These data were confirmed in a murine model of TRAIL-resistant colon cancer in which 2-14 upregulated DR5, reduced survivin expression, and synergized with TRAIL in inhibiting tumor growth. Similarly, intraperitoneal administration of 2-14 to mice upregulated DR5 and downregulated survivin in a model of colitis-associated colon cancer. These findings indicate that 2-14 acts as a sensitizer for TRAIL-induced apoptosis and suggest that 2-14 can be useful in the therapy for TRAIL-resistant colon cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(10); 1969–81. ©2011 AACR.
Suppression of IRF4 by IRF1, 3, and 7 in Noxa Expression Is a Necessary Event for IFN-γ–Mediated Tumor Elimination
Authors: Piya Sujan , Moon Ae Ran , Song Peter I. , Hiscott John , Lin Rongtuan , Seol Dai-Wu , Kim Tae-Hyoung 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIFN-γ plays a critical role in tumor immunosurveillance by affecting either immune cells or tumor cells; however, IFN-mediated effects on tumor elimination are largely unknown. In this study, we showed that IFN regulatory factors (IRF) modulated by IFNs up- and downregulated Noxa expression, a prodeath BH3 protein, in various cancer cells. Inhibition of Noxa expression using short hairpin RNA in tumor cells leads to resistance against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor elimination, in which IFN-γ is known as a critical effecter in mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis in both CT26 cells and SP2/0 cells, sensitive and resistant to LPS-induced tumor elimination, respectively, revealed that the responsiveness of IRF1, 3, 4, and 7 in the Noxa promoter region in response to IFN-γ might be crucial in LPS-induced tumor elimination. IRF1, 3, and 7 were upregulated by IFN-γ and activated Noxa expression, leading to the death of Noxa wild-type baby mouse kidney (BMK) cells but not of Noxa-deficient BMK cells. In contrast, IRF4 acts as a repressor for Noxa expression and inhibits cell death induced by IRF1, 3, or 7. Therefore, although IFN-γ alone are not able to induce cell death in tumor cells in vitro, Noxa induction by IFN-γ, which is regulated by the balance between its activators (IRF1, 3, and 7) and its repressor (IRF4), is crucial to increasing the susceptibility of tumor cells to immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Mol Cancer Res; 9(10); 1356–65. ©2011 AACR.
Plaque Rupture and Thrombosis Are Reduced by Lowering Cholesterol Levels and Crystallization With Ezetimibe and Are Correlated With Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Patel Roshan , Janoudi Abed , Vedre Ameeth , Aziz Kusai , Tamhane Umesh , Rubinstein Jack , Abela Oliver G. , Berger Kevin , Abela George S. 
Published: August 2011

Objective—
This study evaluated effects of lipid lowering with ezetimibe on plaque burden and associated cholesterol crystallization and inflammation in a rabbit model of plaque disruption and thrombosis.

Methods and Results—

Atherosclerotic rabbits (Group I, n=10 without; Group II, n=12 with ezetimibe, 1 mg/kg per day) were pharmacologically triggered for plaque disruption. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, RAM 11 macrophage staining, and serum inflammatory markers detected arterial inflammation. Serum and aortic wall cholesterol levels were measured, and thrombus area was planimetered. Cholesterol crystal density on aortic surface was scored (0 to +3) by scanning electron microscopy. Serum and aortic wall cholesterol, plaque area, and thrombosis area were significantly lower in Group II versus Group I (83.4±106.4 versus 608±386 mg/dL,
P
=0.002; 3.12±1.40 versus 9.39±5.60 mg/g,
P
=0.003; 10.84±1.6 versus 17.48±1.8 mm
2
,
P
<0.001; and 0.05±0.15 versus 0.72±0.58 mm
2
,
P
=0.01, respectively). There were significant correlations between crystal density and plaque area (
r
=0.75,
P
<0.003) and between crystal density and RAM 11 (
r
=0.82,
P
<0.001). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that there were fewer crystals in Group II versus Group I (+1.2±0.61 versus +2.4±0.63,
P
<0.001) and less inflammation detected by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and RAM 11 (
P
<0.004 and
P
<0.04, respectively).

Conclusion—
Lowering cholesterol levels with ezetimibe reduced plaque burden, crystallization, and inflammation, preventing plaque disruption and thrombosis.
Short-Term Exposure to Exogenous Lipids in Premature Infants and Long-Term Changes in Aortic and Cardiac Function
Authors: Lewandowski Adam J. , Lazdam Merzaka , Davis Esther , Kylintireas Ilias , Diesch Jonathan , Francis Jane , Neubauer Stefan , Singhal Atul , Lucas Alan , Kelly Brenda , Leeson Paul 
Published: August 2011

Objective—
Intravenous lipid use is associated with an acute hyperlipidemia, but long-term consequences have not been studied. We investigated whether elevated lipids in humans during the critical period of preterm neonatal life have a long-term impact on aortic and myocardial function relevant to adult disease.

Methods and Results—

We followed up 102 subjects born prematurely and now aged 23 to 28 years. Eighteen received intravenous lipids as neonates and were matched to controls with equivalent perinatal characteristics. Global and regional aortic stiffness and left ventricular function were assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Those who received intravenous lipids had greater aortic stiffness in early adulthood (
P
=0.0002), with greater stiffness in the abdominal aorta (
P
=0.012). The relationship was graded according to the elevation in neonatal cholesterol induced by intravenous lipids (
P
<0.0001) but not other metabolic parameters altered by the infusion. Peak systolic circumferential strain was also reduced in the lipid group (
P
=0.006), which, again, was proportional to neonatal cholesterol level (
P
<0.01).

Conclusion—
Aortic and myocardial function in young adulthood is associated with intralipid exposure during neonatal life for preterm infants, in a graded manner related to the rise in cholesterol. Circulating cholesterol during critical developmental periods may have long-term impacts on the human cardiovascular system.