bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin decreases delirium in elderly patients: A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Al‐Aama Tareef , Brymer Christopher , Gutmanis Iris , Woolmore‐Goodwin Sarah M. , Esbaugh Jacquelin , Dasgupta Monidipa 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundDisturbance in the metabolism of tryptophan and tryptophan‐derived compounds (e.g., melatonin) may have a role in the pathogenesis of delirium.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of low dose exogenous melatonin in decreasing delirium.DesignA randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study.SettingAn Internal Medicine service in a tertiary care centre in London, Ontario, Canada.Participants145 individuals aged 65 years or over admitted through the emergency department to a medical unit in a tertiary care hospital.InterventionPatients were randomized to receive either 0.5 mg of melatonin or placebo every night for 14 days or until discharge.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was the occurrence of delirium as determined by Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) criteria.ResultsOf a total of 145 individuals (mean age (standard deviation): 84.5 (6.1) years) 72 were randomly assigned to the melatonin group and 73 to the placebo group. Melatonin was associated with a lower risk of delirium (12.0% vs. 31.0%, p = 0.014), with an odds ratio (OR), adjusted for dementia and co‐morbidities of 0.19 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.06–0.62). Results were not different when patients with prevalent delirium were excluded.LimitationAn intention to treat analysis was not possible due to loss to follow‐up.ConclusionExogenous low dose melatonin administered nightly to elderly patients admitted to acute care may represent a potential protective agent against delirium. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of crown ether–containing N‐phosphorylated thioureas RC(S)NHP(O)(OiPr)2 (R = 1‐aza‐15‐crown‐5, 1‐aza‐12‐crown‐4) and their Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes
Authors: Babashkina Maria G. , Safin Damir A. , Bolte Michael , Klein Axel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe reaction of the lithium salts of N‐phosphorylated thioureas RC(S)NHP(O)(OiPr)2 (R = 1‐aza‐15‐crown‐5, HLI; 1‐aza‐12‐crown‐4, HLII) with Co(II) or Ni(II) leads to the chelate complexes [MLI,II2]. The metal center is found in a tetrahedral ([CoLI,II2]) or square planar ([NiLI,II2]) O2S2 environment formed by the CS sulfur atoms and the PO oxygen atoms of two deprotonated ligands L. The molecular structure of [CoLI2] was elucidated by X‐ray diffraction and the extraction properties of HLI,II and [MLI,II2] toward alkali metal and ammonium picrates were investigated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:486–491, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20637
Innovative macroporous granules of nanostructured‐hydroxyapatite agglomerates: Bioactivity and osteoblast‐like cell behaviour
Authors: Laranjeira M. S. , Fernandes M. H. , Monteiro F. J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTo modulate the biological response of implantable granules, two types of bioactive porous granules composed of nanostructured‐hydroxyapatite (HA) agglomerates and microstructured‐HA, respectively, were prepared using a polyurethane sponge impregnation and burnout method. The resulting granules presented a highly porous structure with interconnected porosity. Both types of granules were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Results showed that nanostructed‐HA granules presented higher surface area and porosity than microstructured‐HA granules. In vitro testing using MG63 human osteoblast‐like cells showed that on both types of surfaces cells were able to adhere, proliferate, and migrate through the macropores, and a higher growth rate was achieved on nanostructured‐HA granules than on microstructured‐HA granules (76 and 40%, respectively). In addition, these cells maintained similar expression levels of osteoblastic‐associated markers namely collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenetic protein‐2, macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, and osteoprotegerin. These innovative nanostructured‐HA granules may be considered as promising bioceramic alternative matrixes for bone regeneration and drug release application. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Particulate gold as an anti‐inflammatory mediator in bone allograft—An animal study
Authors: Zainali Kasra , Baas Jorgen , Jakobsen Thomas , Danscher Gorm , Soballe Kjeld 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMorselized allograft is widely used when increased bone stock is needed in implant surgery. Gold ions liberated from metallic gold surfaces act in an anti‐inflammatory manner by inhibiting cellular NF‐κB‐DNA binding and suppressing I‐κ B‐kinase activation. This study investigated the effect of 45–63 μm sized gold particles mixed in morselized allograft. It was hypothesized that bio‐released gold ions would influence allograft reabsorption, increase mechanical stability, and further stimulate osseointegration. A pair of 10 mm long implants surrounded by a 2.5‐mm gap was inserted in proximal part of each humerus in 10 sheep. Each gap was filled with morselized allograft with 1.29 mg gold particles or nothing. Observation time was 12 weeks. The gold ion liberation was visualized by autometallographic tracing and showed liberation of gold ions. Biomechanical push‐out tests and stereological histomorphometric analyses showed no statistically significant differences in the two groups. Although particulate gold was primarily observed surrounded by bone marrow tissue, no obvious clinically relevant short‐term effects could be measured using gold as an anti‐inflammatory mediator. These findings show that the released gold ions have only influenced cells adjacent to the particles without influencing the fixation and illustrates gold ions' limited field of effect. We suggest a new design for orthopedic implants by introducing gold dots on the prosthesis surface. This aims at suppressing the inflammatory foci along the implant–bone zone and reduces the risk of chronic inflammation before aseptic loosening without affecting bone remodeling. This implant model will be investigated in further studies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
MIBPB: A software package for electrostatic analysis
Authors: Chen Duan , Chen Zhan , Chen Changjun , Geng Weihua , Wei Guo‐Wei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe Poisson–Boltzmann equation (PBE) is an established model for the electrostatic analysis of biomolecules. The development of advanced computational techniques for the solution of the PBE has been an important topic in the past two decades. This article presents a matched interface and boundary (MIB)‐based PBE software package, the MIBPB solver, for electrostatic analysis. The MIBPB has a unique feature that it is the first interface technique‐based PBE solver that rigorously enforces the solution and flux continuity conditions at the dielectric interface between the biomolecule and the solvent. For protein molecular surfaces, which may possess troublesome geometrical singularities, the MIB scheme makes the MIBPB by far the only existing PBE solver that is able to deliver the second‐order convergence, that is, the accuracy increases four times when the mesh size is halved. The MIBPB method is also equipped with a Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann mapping technique that builds a Green's function approach to analytically resolve the singular charge distribution in biomolecules in order to obtain reliable solutions at meshes as coarse as 1 Å — whereas it usually takes other traditional PB solvers 0.25 Å to reach similar level of reliability. This work further accelerates the rate of convergence of linear equation systems resulting from the MIBPB by using the Krylov subspace (KS) techniques. Condition numbers of the MIBPB matrices are significantly reduced by using appropriate KS solver and preconditioner combinations. Both linear and nonlinear PBE solvers in the MIBPB package are tested by protein–solvent solvation energy calculations and analysis of salt effects on protein–protein binding energies, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Implicit measures of consumer cognition: A review
Authors: Dimofte Claudiu V. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn line with recent methodological advances from the cognitive and social psychology literature, consumer researchers have shown strong interest in addressing the nonconscious nature of consumer information processing, attitude formation, and behavioral response. The related use of implicit measures in the study of a variety of marketing effects has offered novel insights into consumer perception of, and response to, marketing stimuli. This paper highlights conceptual issues and empirical findings on the topic of implicit consumer cognition and examines the incremental value that implicit measures may bring to the field. The review suggests that while the use of implicit measures in consumer research is still in its infancy, it shows significant promise as a methodological tool. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Consumer persuasion: Indirect change and implicit balance
Authors: Horcajo Javier , Briñol Pablo , Petty Richard E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe present research examines two main issues relevant to consumer persuasion: (1) whether automatic evaluations can change (both directly and indirectly) in response to verbal ads that engage deliberative information processing activity, and (2) whether such messages can result in spreading activation of implicit change that is consistent with balance principles. The first study showed that automatic evaluations of vegetables were more favorable after people read a health ad than a control message. The results of Study 2 showed that automatic associations toward Heineken (a brand associated with the color green) were also more favorable as a result of processing a message advocating the color green than a neutral control message. Consistent with the idea that automatic changes can be consequential not only for brands but also for consumer identity, participants of Study 3 showed more automatic self–vegetable associations after thinking about the benefits (rather than the negative consequences) of consuming vegetables. A final study revealed that false feedback increasing (vs. decreasing) self–product identity led to more favorable automatic attitudes toward the product, but only for those with relatively high scores on the implicit measure of self‐esteem. Taken together, this series of studies suggests that automatic changes that result from consumer persuasion are consequential in terms of spreading activation and that they seem to respond to balance principles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of implicit and explicit attitudes toward Barack Obama
Authors: Nevid Jeffrey S. , McClelland Nate 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe present study evaluated implicit and explicit attitudes toward Barack Obama in a student sample assessed during the 2008 election season. Implicit measurement was based on the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC‐IAT), in which participants categorized photographs of Obama as target objects associated with positive and negative evaluation categories. The relative darkness of Obama's image in the photographs was manipulated to accentuate racial cues. The results showed significant differences in implicit and explicit attitudes toward Obama between self‐identified conservative and liberal students, as well as significant relationships between implicit and explicit measures and between implicit measures and modern racist attitudes. A stronger negative associational bias was found for conservative students, but not their liberal counterparts, to darker images of Obama in the implicit association test. The results underscore the importance of taking individual differences into account in measuring implicit responses to target stimuli. The results also support the convergent validity of implicit measures of attitudes toward a prominent political figure, as well as the construct validity of the SC‐IAT. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probing the stereo‐electronic properties of cationic rhodium complexes bearing chiral diphosphine ligands by 103Rh NMR
Authors: Fabrello Amandine , Dinoi Chiara , Perrin Lionel , Kalck Philippe , Maron Laurent , Urrutigoity Martine , Dechy‐Cabaret Odile 
Published: September 2010

Abstract103Rh NMR represents a powerful tool to assess the global electronic and steric contribution of diphosphine ligands on [Rh(COD)(diphosphine)]+ complexes. In the case of DIOP, BINAP and MeDUPHOS, this approach proved to be more informative than classical CO‐stretching frequency measurements. After validation, this method has been extended to a set of seven diphosphines. 103Rh NMR measurements on [Rh(COD)(diphosphine)]PF6 lead to the following order of donor properties: dppe > MeBPE > MeDUPHOS > dppb > DIOP > BINAP > Tol‐BINAP. This trend has been validated by DFT in the case of DIOP, BINAP and MeDUPHOS. In conjunction, 31P NMR chemical shift has been shown to reflect the ring constraints of the Rh‐diphosphine scaffold. This contribution is a step towards a mechanistic investigation of the catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated substrates by 103Rh NMR and DFT. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen bonds and local symmetry in the crystal structure of gibbsite
Authors: Vyalikh Anastasia , Zesewitz Konrad , Scheler Ulrich 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFirst‐principles quantum mechanical calculations of NMR chemical shifts and quadrupolar parameters have been carried out to assign the 27Al MAS NMR resonances in gibbsite. The 27Al NMR spectrum shows two signals for octahedral aluminum revealing two aluminum sites coordinated by six hydroxyl groups each, although the crystallographic positions of the two Al sites show little difference. The presence of two distinguished 27Al NMR resonances characterized by rather similar chemical shifts but quadrupolar coupling constants differing by roughly a factor of two is explained by different character of the hydrogen bonds, in which the hydroxyls forming the corresponding octahedron around each aluminum site, are involved. The Al‐I site characterized by a CQ = 4.6 MHz is surrounded by OHgroups participating in four intralayer and two interlayer hydrogen bonds, while the Al‐II site with the smaller quadrupolar constant (2.2 MHz) is coordinated by hydroxides, of which two point toward the intralayer cavities and four OH‐bonds are aligned toward the interlayer gallery. In high‐resolution solid‐state 1H CRAMPS (combination of rotation and multiple‐pulse spectroscopy) four signals with an intensity ratio of 1:2:2:1 are resolved which allow to distinguish six nonequivalent hydrogen sites reported in the gibbsite crystal structure and to ascribe them to two types of structural OH groups associated with intralayer and interlayer hydrogen bonds. This study can be applied to characterize the gibbsite‐like layer—intergallery interactions associated with hydrogen bonding in the more complex systems, such as synthetic aluminum layered double hydroxides. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tetraspanins in human epithelial malignancies
Authors: Romanska Hanna M , Berditchevski Fedor 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTransmembrane proteins of the tetraspanin superfamily are implicated in a broad spectrum of cellular processes in many biological systems in both health and disease. Tetraspanins form specialized membrane microdomains on the cell surface which control cell proliferation and migration through various adhesion and growth factor receptors. Recent extensive research has shown that expression of various tetraspanins and their associated partners is deregulated in human malignancies. Although, for the most part, the degree of involvement of tetraspanins in carcinogenesis remains to be established, increasing evidence suggests that these proteins might be of clinical significance in at least some malignancies. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the existing data on expression of tetraspanins in breast cancer and other human epithelial tumours, with an emphasis on their value as potential prognostic markers. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality check of spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting forms of different countries
Authors: Bandekar M. S. , Anwikar S. R. , Kshirsagar N. A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) are considered as one of the leading causes of death among hospitalized patients. Thus reporting of adverse drug reactions become an important phenomenon. Spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting form is an essential component and a major tool of the pharmacovigilance system of any country. This form is a tool to collect information of ADRs which helps in establishing the causal relationship between the suspected drug and the reaction. As different countries have different forms, our aim was to study, analyze the suspected adverse drug reaction reporting form of different countries, and assess if these forms can capture all the data regarding the adverse drug reaction. For this analysis we identified 18 points which are essential to make a good adverse drug reaction report, enabling proper causality assessment of adverse reaction to generate a safety signal. Adverse drug reaction reporting forms of 10 different countries were collected from the internet and compared for 18 points like patient information, information about dechallenge–rechallenge, adequacy of space and columns to capture necessary information required for its causality assessment, etc. Of the ADR forms that we analyzed, Malaysia was the highest scorer with 16 out of 18 points. This study reveals that there is a need to harmonize the ADR reporting forms of all the countries because there is a lot of discrepancy in data captured by the existing ADR reporting forms as the design of these forms is different for different countries. These incomplete data obtained result in inappropriate causality assessment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catastrophe optics of caustics in single and bilayer graphene: Fine structure of caustics
Authors: Péterfalvi Csaba , Pályi András , Rusznyák Ádám , Koltai János , Cserti József 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe theoretically study the scattering of a plane wave of a ballistic electron on a circular n–p junction (NPJ) in single and bilayer graphene. We compare the exact wave function inside the junction to that obtained from a semiclassical formula developed in catastrophe optics. In the semiclassical picture short wavelength electrons are treated as rays of particles that can get reflected and refracted at the NPJ according to Snell's law with negative refraction index. We show that for short wavelength and close to caustics this semiclassical approximation gives good agreement with the exact results in the case of single‐layer graphene. We also verify the universal scaling laws that govern the shrinking rate and intensity divergence of caustics in the semiclassical limit. It is straightforward to generalize our semiclassical method to more complex geometries, offering a way to efficiently design and model graphene‐based electron–optical systems.
Scanning probe lithography on graphene
Authors: Neubeck Soeren , Freitag Frank , Yang Rui , Novoselov Kostya S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we want to outline the principles of how scanning probe lithography on graphene is performed. We will show several examples of structures etched in graphene using this technique, including an example of a nanoelectronic device. In the last part, we present data regarding the oxidation kinetics when performing scanning probe lithography on graphite (HOPG).magnified imageTwo lines oxidized in graphene using scanning probe lithography. The left line (indicated by the arrow) is only 30 nm wide, indicating that this technique has good enough resolution to create nanoelectronic device structures.
Infrared and Raman investigation of carbon nanotube‐polyallylamine hybrid systems
Authors: Tóháti Hajnalka‐Mária , Botka Bea , Németh Katalin , Pekker Áron , Hackl Rudi , Kamarás Katalin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNon‐covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by polymers or aromatic systems is a rapidly emerging field. Its importance originates in the possibility of combining special (optical, electric, or dispersive) properties of the added molecules with the mechanical stability of nanotubes. A special application is to use the polymers as interfaces between nanotubes and metallic nanoparticles (“molecular glue”). Crucial to all applications is an experimental tool to characterize the interaction strength between the nanotubes and the associated species. In this paper, we study hybrids of single‐walled nanotubes (SWNT) and polyallylamine obtained from poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) at high pH. We use attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy to understand how polyallylamine covers the surface of the nanotubes. The interaction of the evanescent field on the surface of the nanotube with the vibrations of the adsorbed species invokes surface selection rules and, hence, surface‐attenuated infrared absorption (SAIRA). Raman spectra prove diameter‐selective solubilization of the polymer‐covered nanotubes.
The effect of nitric acid doping on the optical properties of carbon nanotube films
Authors: Kamarás K. , Pekker Á. , Botka B. , Hu H. , Niyogi S. , Itkis M. E. , Haddon R. C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTreatment of carbon nanotubes by oxidizing acids is extensively used to dissolve metal residues from raw nanotube samples. The effect of acid treatment on the tubes themselves is twofold: it introduces uniform carboxylic sidegroups on the tube ends and defects, and it increases the overall charge concentration on the nanotube walls, thereby p‐doping the material. Wide‐range optical spectroscopy is an ideal tool to characterize both effects from one type of measurement: vibrational signatures indicate the presence of the sidegroups, the increase in far‐infrared absorption signals the presence of free carriers, and the disappearance of interband transitions is the consequence of the depletion of Van Hove singularities when introducing holes. We have subjected carbon nanotube samples to two kinds of acid treatment: mild (in HNO3 vapor at room temperature) and aggressive (high‐temperature reflux). We found that on mild treatment, electronic doping occurs without defect oxidation to carboxylic groups, while the aggressive procedure leads to both doping and defect oxidation. Our spectroscopic data unambiguously prove that the changes in electrical conductivity on acid doping are intrinsic, and not just a result of improving the contact between nanotubes.