bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and Raman characterization of nanogranular BaTiO3‐NiFe2O4 thin films deposited by laser ablation on Si/Pt substrates
Authors: Gonçalves J. R. , Barbosa J. , Sá P. , Mendes J. A. , Rolo A. G. , Almeida B. G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThin films composed by (BaTiO3)1‐x‐(NiFe2O4)x with different nickel ferrite concentrations (x) have been deposited by pulsed laser ablation on platinum covered Si(001) substrates. The films structure was studied by X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the NiFe2O4 phase unit cell was expanded along the growth direction of the films, with a lattice parameter that increased with increasing NiFe2O4 concentration. The opposite behavior was observed on the BaTiO3 phase, with an expansion of its unit cell that lowered with increasing x. The presence of the strain in the films induced a redshift of the Raman peaks of NiFe2O4 that decreased with increasing NiFe2O4 concentration. Cation disorder in the nickel ferrite was observed for lower x, where the nanograins are more isolated and subjected to more strain, which was progressively decreased for higher NiFe2O4 content in the films. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low temperature STM/STS study of silicon nanowires grown on the Ag(110) surface
Authors: Ronci Fabio , Colonna Stefano , Cricenti Antonio , De Padova Paola , Ottaviani Carlo , Quaresima Claudio , Aufray Bernard , Le Lay Guy 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper we report a Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and Spectroscopy (STS) study as a function of temperature (ranging from room to liquid helium temperature) of the Si/Ag(110) surface at different silicon coverage. In particular, partially and fully covered surfaces, both characterized by the presence of highly ordered nanowires, are examined by STM imaging and by STS spectroscopy in order to study the temperature dependence of both the nanowires structure and their peculiar metallic behavior. No evident variation was observed upon cooling from room to liquid helium temperature, both in the STM images and in the STS spectroscopy, suggesting that such nanowires maintain the same structure in the investigated temperature range. Empty states differential conductance images show a dramatic evolution as the bias voltage is increased, suggesting that electrons are confined along the direction perpendicular to the nanowires (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of Mn‐doped ZnO/TiO2 multilayer nanostructures grown by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Khodorov A. , Levichev S. , Chahboun A. , Rolo A. G. , Bernstorff S. , Barradas N. P. , Alves E. , Gomes M. J. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMn‐doped ZnO/TiO2 multilayer nanostructures were grown on Si(100) substrates by the pulsed laser deposition technique. Post growing annealing in oxygen or nitrogen atmosphere was performed to improve the crystallinity of the nanostructures. The crystalline structure and morphology of the nanostructures were characterized by Raman scattering, wide angle X‐ray scattering, and grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering. Rutherford backscattering and particle induced X‐ray emission analysis were performed to study the composition (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Towards the explicit computation of Bohm velocities associated to N‐electron wave‐functions with arbitrary spin‐orientations
Authors: Alarcón A. , Cartoixà X. , Oriols X. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe direct solution of the many‐particle Schrödinger equation is computationally inaccessible for more than very few electrons. In order to surpass this limitation, one of the authors [X. Oriols, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98 (066803)] has recently proposed a new model to study electron‐electron correlations from Bohm trajectories associated to time‐dependent wave‐packets solutions of pseudo single‐particle Schrödinger equations. In the aforementioned paper only the orbital exchange interaction is considered assuming that all electrons have the same spin orientation. Then, the many‐particle wave function is a complex Slater determinant of the single‐particle wave‐packets. In the present work the previous formalism is extended to study many‐particle wave functions where the electrons have different spin orientations. The main difficulty to treat N different electron spin orientations with time‐dependent wave‐packets is that one must study all the possible N!N! products of permutations among spin states. To overcome this computationally inaccessible problem, in this article the total wave function is treated as a separated product of two many‐particle wave functions, the first with spin up and the second with spin down. In order to numerically justify this approximation, the Bohm velocity in different antisymmetric total wave‐function scenarios is computed. The computational results confirms the accurate validity of our approximation under a large number of cases (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Erratum: The Fermi surface of a superconductor: OsB2
Authors: Hebbache M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractReference [4] of the Rapid Research Letter by M. Hebbache, published in Phys. Status Solidi RRL 3, 163 (2009), is corrected. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Accuracy of reduced‐grid calculations
Authors: Williamson David L. , Rosinski James M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe accuracy of calculations on reduced grids is examined from a climate modelling perspective. It is demonstrated that an adiabatic Eulerian spectral‐transform model run on an e‐digit grid is accurate to e digits for short integrations. The error introduced by the reduced grid grows as expected for a turbulent atmosphere, and the growth is not accelerated by the reduced grid. The errors from an adiabatic semi‐Lagrangian spectral‐transform model can be significantly larger than those from an Eulerian model because the interpolation required in the semi‐Lagrangian method will not maintain more than a few digits of accuracy. Adiabatic model errors are put in perspective by illustrating errors introduced by arbitrary aspects of model specification such as the longitude of the first grid point. For the Eulerian adiabatic model there appears to be no justification in using a higher‐digit grid than the 2‐digit one. A higher‐digit grid may be desirable for an adiabatic semi‐Lagrangian model. Results from a cosine‐bell advection test are presented. All reduced grids tested have the same error for Eulerian spectral‐transform advection. The semi‐Lagrangian advection shows some increase in error with greater reduction in the grid, but the variation is comparable with the difference in error from choosing different interpolants or different time steps. There is little reason to choose a higher‐digit grid than the 4‐digit grid. In fact the 3‐, 2‐ and 1‐digit grids might be considered satisfactory for semi‐Lagrangian advection. Finally, multiple‐year climate simulations with full and reduced grids are presented. The overall impression is that the mean climates produced by the models run on the reduced grids are all very similar. There is no indication that the reduced grids introduce pathological errors that contaminate the simulations. A few select fields which are particularly sensitive to model changes are shown to quantify the differences, and to indicate that the differences are comparable with those which arise from the natural variability of the model. The results indicate that even a 1‐digit grid is suitable for climate modelling with both Eulerian and semi‐Lagrangian spectral‐transform models.
Break‐up of a stratospheric streamer observed by MST radar
Authors: Vaughan G. , Worthington R. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe break‐up of a stratospheric streamer over the British Isles is described, using satellite, Mesosphere—Stratosphere—Troposphere (MST) radar and in situ observations together with European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts analyses. The streamer started as a thin ribbon of high potential vorticity to the west of the British Isles. As this was strained by the background flow it broke up into a series of mesoscale vortices. MST radar and ozonesonde observations delineated a tropopause fold to the west of the initial streamer, taking the form of a thin layer of stratospheric air embedded in a deep layer of descending upper‐tropospheric air. The fold appears to have been mixed out by small‐scale turbulence as the streamer broke up. This break‐up also generated strong inertia‐gravity waves, which broke just above the tropopause introducing extensive mixing to the lowermost stratosphere. One of the mesoscale vortices returned over the MST radar, showing a very indistinct tropopause typical of a synoptic‐scale cut‐off low. This vortex was also responsible for the development of a rain band on its eastern flank, which brought significant rainfall to the British Isles at a time when the synoptic flow pattern was strongly anticyclonic.
A comprehensive two‐moment warm microphysical bulk scheme. I: Description and tests
Authors: Cohard Jean‐Martial , Pinty Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA bulk microphysical scheme which predicts the concentrations and mixing ratios of cloud droplets and raindrops is presented. The scheme draws its originality from the use of generalized gamma law as basis functions for the drop size distributions and also from the attention paid to performing analytical integrations of most of the microphysical transfer rates. The numerical representation of each process has been reviewed throughout and specific tests have been made to evaluate separately the accuracy of the scheme compared with a bin‐size model. The scheme, which depends on the specification of a few input parameters shaping the activation spectrum, is incorporated in a three‐dimensional non‐hydrostatic model with some applications given in a companion paper (Part II).
The impact of human activities on the photochemical production and destruction of tropospheric ozone
Authors: Collins W. J. , Derwent R. G. , Johnson C. E. , Stevenson D. S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric ozone is controlled by transport processes, including advection, convection and dispersion and by stratosphere‐troposphere exchange, surface deposition to the earth's surface and by photochemical production and destruction within the troposphere itself. These processes have been represented in some detail in a global three‐dimensional Lagrangian chemistry (STOCHEM) model which has been used to construct global ozone budgets and identify the main features in the spatial distribution of daily ozone tendencies. The annually and spatially integrated net chemical production of ozone is about twice as large as the stratosphere‐troposphere exchange flux, so that the concentration‐dependent surface deposition balancing term is about three times larger than the stratosphere‐troposphere exchange term. The total production and loss terms for ozone by tropospheric photochemistry are much greater than the net chemical production, with total chemical production about five times larger than the net term. The ozone turnover time is therefore around 30 days, around one tenth of the turnover time due to stratosphere‐troposphere exchange alone. Human activities may influence future tropospheric ozone levels through at least two distinct mechanisms: first, increasing emissions of tropospheric ozone precursor gases: methane, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, leading to increased ozone levels; second, human‐induced climate change may lead to increased temperatures and water vapour concentrations, and hence increased ozone destruction and decreased ozone concentrations.
Development and evaluation of an ensemble forecasting system for coastal storm surges
Authors: Flowerdew Jonathan , Horsburgh Kevin , Wilson Chris , Mylne Ken 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe overtopping of flood defences by coastal storm surges is a significant threat to life and property. Like all forecasts, storm surge predictions have an associated uncertainty, but this has not been directly predicted by previous operational systems. The Met Office Global and Regional Ensemble Prediction System (MOGREPS), which has recently become operational, provides an explicit sample of the range of atmospheric evolutions consistent with the latest observations. The storm surge ensemble derives a storm surge forecast for each MOGREPS ensemble member, giving an explicit estimate of the risk of reaching significant water levels. The system has now been running for over two years in trial mode, with positive feedback from both Met Office and Environment Agency forecasters. For the surge on 9 November 2007, which received significant media coverage, it produced a clear signal of an abnormal event at the full 54‐hour lead time, with a useful indication of the range of possible water levels. Statistical verification covering two winters demonstrates that the ensemble spread is indeed a reliable indicator of the significantly increased uncertainty associated with large surge events, although the error in more normal situations is dominated by inaccuracies in the separate harmonic tide prediction which is used to convert surge to water level. Probabilistic verification shows some advantage over climatological error distributions, particularly for larger thresholds and longer lead times. Following this successful trial, the system was made operational in December 2009. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright.
Sea‐land breeze development during a summer bora event along the north‐eastern Adriatic coast
Authors: Prtenjak Maja Telišman , Viher Mladen , Jurković Jadran 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe interaction of a summer frontal bora and the sea‐land breeze along the north‐eastern Adriatic coast was investigated by means of numerical simulations and available observations. Available measurements (in situ, radiosonde, satellite images) provided model validation. The modelled wind field revealed several regions where the summer bora (weaker than 6 m s−1) allowed sea‐breeze development: in the western parts of the Istrian peninsula and Rijeka Bay and along the north‐western coast of the island of Rab. Along the western Istrian coast, the position of the narrow convergence zone that formed depended greatly on the balance between the bora jets northward and southward of Istria. In the case of a strong northern (Trieste) bora jet, the westerly Istrian onshore flow presented the superposition of the dominant swirled bora flow and local weak thermal flow. It collided then with the easterly bora flow within the zone. With weakening of the Trieste bora jet, the convergence zone was a result of the pure westerly sea breeze and the easterly bora wind. In general, during a bora event, sea breezes were somewhat later and shorter, with limited horizontal extent. The spatial position of the convergence zone caused by the bora and sea‐breeze collision was strongly curved. The orientation of the head (of the thermally‐induced flow) was more in the vertical causing larger horizontal pressure gradients and stronger daytime maximum wind speed than in undisturbed conditions. Except for the island of Rab, other lee‐side islands in the area investigated did not provide favourable conditions for the sea‐breeze formation. Within a bora wake near the island of Krk, onshore flow occurred as well, although not as a sea‐breeze flow, but as the bottom branch of the lee rotor that was associated with the hydraulic jump‐like feature in the lee of the Velika Kapela Mountain. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Instability of surface‐temperature filaments in strain and shear
Authors: Harvey B. J. , Ambaum M. H. P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe effects of uniform straining and shearing on the stability of a surface quasi‐geostrophic temperature filament are investigated. Straining is shown to stabilize perturbations for wide filaments but only for a finite time until the filament thins to a critical width, after which some perturbations can grow. No filament can be stabilized in practice, since there are perturbations that can grow large for any strain rate. The optimally growing perturbations, defined as solutions that reach a certain threshold amplitude first, are found numerically for a wide range of parameter values. The radii of the vortices formed through nonlinear roll‐up are found to be proportional to θ/s, where θ is the temperature anomaly of the filament and s the strain rate, and are not dependent on the initial size of the filament.Shearing is shown to reduce the normal‐mode growth rates, but it cannot stabilize them completely when there are temperature discontinuities in the basic state; smooth filaments can be stabilized completely by shearing and a simple scaling argument provides the shear rate required. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
An improved PDF cloud scheme for climate simulations
Authors: Kuwano‐Yoshida Akira , Enomoto Takeshi , Ohfuchi Wataru 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn efficient grid‐scale cloud scheme for climate simulation is implemented in the atmospheric general circulation model for the Earth Simulator (AFES). The new cloud scheme uses statistical partial condensation using joint‐Gaussian probability distribution functions (PDFs) of the liquid water potential temperature and total water content, with standard deviations estimated by the moist Mellor–Yamada level‐2 turbulence scheme. It also adopts improved closure parameters based on large‐eddy simulations and a revised mixing length that varies with the stability and turbulent kinetic energy. These changes not only enable better representation of low‐level boundary layer clouds, but also improve the atmospheric boundary layer structure. Sensitivity experiments for vertical resolution suggest that O(100–200 m) intervals are adequate to represent well‐mixed boundary layers with the new scheme. The new scheme performs well at relatively low horizontal resolution (about 150 km), although inversion layers near the coast become more intense at a higher horizontal resolution (about 50 km). Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
High‐Resolution, Parallel Patterning of Nanoparticles via an Ion‐Induced Focusing Mask
Authors: You Sukbeom , Han Kyuhee , Kim Hyoungchul , Lee Heechul , Woo Chang Gyu , Jeong Changui , Nam Woongsik , Choi Mansoo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn ion‐induced focusing mask under the simultaneous injection of ions and charged aerosols generates invisible electrostatic lenses around each opening, through which charged nanoparticles are convergently guided without depositing on the mask surface. The sizes of the created features become significantly smaller than those of the mask openings due to the focusing capability. It is not only demonstrated that material‐independent nanoparticles including proteins can be patterned as an ordered array on any surface regardless of the conductive, nonconductive, or flexible nature of the substrate, but also that the array density can be increased. Highly sensitive gas sensors based on these focused nanoparticle patterns are fabricated via the concept.
Anforderungen an Stahl‐ und Verbundknoten bei Stützenausfall in einem Rahmentragwerk
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Rölle Lars , Jaspart Jean‐Pierre , Demonceau Jean‐Francois 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEine lokale Schädigung innerhalb der Tragstruktur (z. B. Stützenausfall durch Anprall oder Explosion) kann zu einem Versagen der Gesamtstruktur und damit zum Einsturz des Gebäudes führen. Um solch ein globales Versagen durch lokale Schädigung zu vermeiden, muss innerhalb der Tragstruktur eine Umlagerung der Schnittgrößen ermöglicht werden, d. h., es müssen sich alternative Lastpfade ausbilden können. Solch eine Umlagerung, z. B. von einem reinen Biegezustand in einen gemischten Biege‐/Membranspannungszustand, bedingt unter Umständen sehr große Verformungen, die zu großen Deformationen der Anschlüsse führen.Im Rahmen eines europäischen RFCS‐Forschungsprojektes wurde versucht, mit Hilfe sehr duktiler Anschlussausbildungen die Robustheit von Stahl‐ und Verbundrahmentragwerken zu verbessern. Hauptaugenmerk bei der Konzeption der Anschlüsse war dabei, den Material‐ und Fertigungsaufwand der Anschlüsse so gering wie möglich zu halten und die Umlagerungsmöglichkeiten für außergewöhnliche Bemessungssituationen vornehmlich über das Vorhalten hoher Verformungskapazitäten der Anschlüsse zu aktivieren. Aus diesem Grund wurden hier nachgiebige teiltragfähige Anschlüsse gewählt. Als außergewöhnliche Bemessungssituation wurde in diesem Projekt schwerpunktmäßig der Stützenausfall in einem Rahmentragwerk betrachtet. (RFCS Research Fund for Coal and Steel)Requirements on steel‐ and composite joints for the load case column removal. Local failure in a structure (e. g. sudden column loss due to impact or explosion) may lead to progressive collapse propagation of the global structural system resulting in a total collapse. To avoid progressive collapse initiated by local damage a redistribution of force from the damaged part of the structure has to be enabled by alternate load paths. Activation of alternate load paths by change of the bearing mechanism from pure bending state to more or less pure membrane state is a measure that is only possible by allowing large deformations resulting in high deformation requirements for the joints.In the course of an European RFCS research project ductile joint solutions have been developed to improve the robustness as characteristic of the structure. Main focus of the joint design was to obtain the required deformation capacity for accidental design situations mainly from ductile joint and cause at the same time only few additional material and fabrication costs for the joints. As a result semi‐rigid and partial‐strength joint solutions have been chosen. Objectives within the project were to determine requirements of the joints concerning deformation capacity as well as M‐N‐resistance to enable the activation of catenary action for the load case notional column removal.