bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of annual catch limits to avoid stock depletion in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (Northeast Pacific)
Authors: DiCosimo Jane , Methot Richard D. , Ormseth Olav A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDiCosimo, J., Methot, R. D., and Ormseth, O. A. 2010. Use of annual catch limits to avoid stock depletion in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (Northeast Pacific). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1861–1865. In total, 41 fish stocks in US ocean waters continue to be fished at unsustainable levels, and 46 fish stocks are overfished. In 2006, the US Congress required the implementation of annual catch limits (ACLs) and accountability measures by 2010 to prevent overfishing, and by 2011 to recover overfished stocks. These requirements were modelled on the existing management system for Northeast Pacific groundfish, where more than 20 fish stocks and assemblages have been managed sustainably for 30 years. Science-based overfishing levels and acceptable biological catches (ABCs) have been implemented for each stock or assemblage, with buffers between the two to avoid overfishing. Total allowable catches are set at or below the acceptable biological catch. Suballocations of quotas by season, area, and gear type, along with in-season fishery closures based on extensive observer coverage and vessel monitoring, ensure that quotas are not exceeded. To comply with ACL requirements, the North Pacific Fishery Management Council has defined ABC as an ACL. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ACLs for successful management of Northeast Pacific groundfish, suggesting that their use in other US fisheries might reduce the risk of overfishing and enhance the recovery of overfished stocks.
Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma treated successfully with surgery, radiotherapy and S‐1/cisplatin chemotherapy
Authors: MATSUSHITA Shigeto , KAWAI Kazuhiro , TADA Ko‐ichi , MERA Kentaro , KUBO Hidemichi , IBUSUKI Atsuko , YOSHII Noriko , KANEKURA Takuro 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPrimary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant tumor that arises from keratinizing cells of the epidermis or its appendages. We present a patient with cutaneous SCC on the left instep with metastases to multiple lymph nodes in the para‐aortic, iliac and groin region. We chose a combination of surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The chemotherapeutic agent S‐1/cisplatin was selected based on results of the histoculture drug response assay. The patient responded dramatically to this multidisciplinary treatment and complete remission was achieved.
High‐resolution cytogenetic map for the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae
Authors: George P. , Sharakhova M. V. , Sharakhov I. V. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCytogenetic and physical maps are indispensible for precise assembly of genome sequences, functional characterization of chromosomal regions, and population genetic and taxonomic studies. We have created a new cytogenetic map for Anopheles gambiae by using a high‐pressure squash technique that increases overall band clarity. To link chromosomal regions to the genome sequence, we attached genome coordinates, based on 302 markers of bacterial artificial chromosome, cDNA clones, and PCR‐amplified gene fragments, to the chromosomal bands and interbands at approximately a 0.5–1 Mb interval. In addition, we placed the breakpoints of seven common polymorphic inversions on the map and described the chromosomal landmarks for the arm and inversion identification. The map's increased resolution can be used to further enhance physical mapping, improve genome assembly, and stimulate epigenomic studies of malaria vectors.
Binding properties of antagonists to Cannabinoid receptors in intact cells
Authors: Wennerberg Marie , Cheng Leifeng , Hjorth Stephan , Clapham John C. , Balendran Anudharan , Vauquelin Georges 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe implication of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1receptor) in several pathophysiological states has sparked the development of selective antagonists. Here we compare binding of the antagonists [3H]‐AZ12491187, [3H]‐taranabant and [3H]‐rimonabant to intact human embryonic kidney cells stably expressing recombinant human CB1receptors (CB1r cells). Unlabelled ligands decreased the total binding of the three radioligands with closely the same order of potency: i.e. AZ12288553 ∼ AZ12491187 ∼ taranabant > rimonabant. Nondisplaceable (i.e. nonspecific) binding to the CB1r cells was the same as total binding to the wells containing untransfected cells and it was more pronounced for [3H]‐AZ12491187 and [3H]‐rimonabant than for [3H]‐taranabant. [3H]‐Rimonabant and (to a lesser extent) [3H]‐AZ12491187 were also prone to bind nonspecifically to the walls of the wells. Compared to the other radioligands, [3H]‐rimonabant displayed lower potency for the CB1receptors in saturation binding studies and faster association and dissociation in kinetic experiments. When dissociated, the three radioligands also showed prominent rebinding to the cells in medium only. This could be relieved by the presence of excess of unlabelled ligand and of bovine serum albumin (BSA) but a combination thereof was most efficient. The long ‘residence time’ of AZ12491187 at the CB1receptor (because of slow dissociation and prominent rebinding) and its pronounced incorporation into the membranes of the cells could contribute to long‐lasting in vivo CB1receptor blockade.
Gender and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
Authors: Komukai Kimiaki , Mochizuki Seibu , Yoshimura Michihiro 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPremenopausal women are protected to some extent from cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Because this protection weakens after menopause, sex hormones are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and kidney diseases. The cardiovascular system and the kidneys are regulated by the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), which in turn, appears to be regulated by sex hormones. In general, oestrogen increases angiotensinogen levels and decreases renin levels, angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity, AT1 receptor density, and aldosterone production. Oestrogen also activates counterparts of the RAAS such as natriuretic peptides, AT2 receptor density, and angiotensinogen (1‐7). Progesterone competes with aldosterone for mineralocorticoid receptor. Less is known about androgens, but testosterone seems to increase renin levels and ACE activity. These effects of sex hormones on the RAAS can explain at least some of the gender differences in cardiovascular and kidney diseases.
L'Asie est‐elle sur la voie de la flexicurité?
Authors: VANDENBERG Paul 
Published: June 2010

Résumé.Face à la concurrence mondiale, de nombreux pays optent pour la flexicurité, ce qui permet aux employeurs d'embaucher et de licencier avec plus de flexibilité tout en aidant les travailleurs à passer d'un emploi à l'autre. L'étude de six pays d'Asie montre que la Chine et la République de Corée ont mis en œuvre cette flexicurité; Singapour et la Malaisie y adhèrent à certains égards, mais sans l'assurance ch&#x006f;&#x030c;mage; l'Inde et le Sri Lanka ont introduit peu de réformes et opèrent toujours sur la base d'un système traditionnel de sécurité d'emploi à la charge de l'employeur. Pour aider les travailleurs du secteur informel, les gouvernements de la Chine, de l'Inde et du Sri Lanka ont recours à des programmes de travaux publics, d'emploi indépendant et de formation professionnelle.
L'insécurité de l'emploi et ses conséquences pour les salariés: l'effet modérateur de la dépendance envers l'emploi
Authors: SORA Beatriz , CABALLER Amparo , PEIRÓ José María 
Published: June 2010

Résumé.La mondialisation et l'intensification de la concurrence internationale ont provoqué l'apparition de formes d'emploi flexibles et une précarisation de l'emploi. Le sentiment d'insécurité chez les salariés produit des effets sur leurs attitudes et leurs intentions que les auteurs se proposent d'examiner. Après un tour d'horizon des travaux de recherche sur la théorie du stress et la relation existant entre insécurité de l'emploi et ses conséquences, ils testent, sur un échantillon de 942 salariés d'Espagne, deux hypothèses. La première est que l'insécurité de l'emploi présente, d'une part, une corrélation négative avec la satisfaction au travail et l'engagement envers l'organisation et, d'autre part, une corrélation positive avec l'intention de quitter l'organisation; et la seconde, qu'il existe une interaction entre l'insécurité de l'emploi, le besoin économique et l'employabilité qui influe sur la prédiction de ces résultats.
Coǔt de la réglementation du travail et lacunes de l'indicateur «Doing Business»: l'exemple de l'Afrique du Sud
Authors: BENJAMIN Paul , BHORAT Haroon , CHEADLE Halton 
Published: June 2010

Résumé.L'indicateur «Embauche des travailleurs» de la base de donnée de la Banque mondiale «Doing Business», enquěte de 2006, a présenté des résultats mitigés sur le contenu et la portée de la réglementation du travail en Afrique du Sud. Les auteurs indiquent que ces mesures – avec leur vision étroite de la législation – ne fournissent qu'une image incomplète de la réglementation du travail. Ils proposent et étudient trois extensions possibles à la structure de «Doing Business», notamment: la «microlégislation», les institutions du marché du travail et l'interprétation jurisprudentielle. Ils concluent par un plaidoyer pour leur prise en compte dans l'évaluation du cadre réglementaire du travail.
Les pactes de non‐concurrence après l'emploi aux Etats‐Unis: cadre juridique et comportements sur le marché
Authors: Hannah Richard L. 
Published: June 2010

Résumé.En réponse aux changements fondamentaux du marché qui donnent au travail un r&#x006f;&#x030c;le beaucoup plus central sur le marché concurrentiel des produits, les employeurs cherchent souvent à prolonger leur contr&#x006f;&#x030c;le sur le capital humain au‐delà de la fin de la relation d'emploi. Bien que les études empiriques sur le sujet soient rares, le recours aux pactes de non‐concurrence après l'emploi semble répandu. Mais jusqu'où les employeurs peuvent‐ils légalement restreindre la liberté de leurs anciens salariés? L'auteur examine les arguments que les tribunaux ont considérés aux Etats‐Unis pour équilibrer les intérěts économiques légitimes des employeurs, l'efficacité du marché du travail, et la liberté et la mobilité des travailleurs après leur emploi.
La légalisation de l'emploi occasionnel en Hongrie
Authors: Tésits Róbert , Szenoradszki Endre 
Published: June 2010

Résumé.En Hongrie, à l'origine, la loi sur l'emploi occasionnel de 1997 visait à légaliser, en appliquant une procédure simplifiée, les relations d'emploi des particuliers en tant qu'employeurs. Après maintes utilisations abusives, cette forme d'emploi très souple est toutefois étendue à tous les employeurs, avec notamment une augmentation du nombre de jours de travail autorisés, une réduction drastique des cotisations de sécurité sociale et d'importants avantages fiscaux. Les objectifs étaient ainsi de réduire le ch&#x006f;&#x030c;mage et l'incidence du travail illicite en repoussant les limites de l'emploi formel, mais aucun n'a été atteint. Au contraire, selon les auteurs, la tentative de flexicurité a considérablement augmenté la vulnérabilité des travailleurs.
Diffuse oesophageal spasm: diagnosis by ambulatory 24 hour manometry
Authors: Barham C P , Gotley D C , Fowler A , Mills A , Alderson D 
Published: June 2010

Background—Diffuse oesophageal spasm (DOS) is a potential cause of intermittent chest pain and/or dysphagia. In the past, the diagnosis of DOS has relied on criteria obtained from standard oesophageal manometry (more than one simultaneous contraction in a series of 10 wet swallows with the rest being peristaltic). As symptoms are intermittent, however, 24 hour manometry may well be more suited to its investigation.Aims—To determine the ability of 24 hour manometry to detect the symptomatic contractions of DOS and to compare standard, laboratory based manometry with 24 hour manometry in its diagnosis.Patients—Three hundred and ninety consecutive patients referred with suspected oesophageal disorders.Methods—Standard laboratory based manometry and 24 hour outpatient manometry.Results—Sixteen patients were classified by 24 hour manometry as having DOS on the basis of painful contractions (spasms) of excessive duration and increased amplitude. Laboratory based manometry failed to detect the majority of these patients with DOS (14/16), and 53/55 were incorrectly labelled as having DOS on the basis of asymptomatic manometric findings.Conclusion—The detection of symptomatic DOS requires 24 hour manometry.
Rectal cell proliferation and colon cancer risk in patients with hypergastrinaemia
Authors: Renga M , Brandi G , Paganelli G M , Calabrese C , Papa S , Tosti A , Tomassetti P , Miglioli M , Biasco G 
Published: June 2010

Background—The influence of gastrin on the colonic mucosa is still uncertain. Some authors have suggested a stimulating effect on the growth of normal and malignant colonic epithelium, while others have shown no association between gastrin and neoplastic development.Aims—To evaluate the effect of gastrin on colorectal cell proliferation, patients with chronic endogenous hypergastrinaemia underwent proctoscopy. Biopsy specimens were taken in order to study rectal cell kinetics.Patients and controls—Ten patients with chronic autoimmune gastritis (CAG), six patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES), and 16 hospital controls took part in this study. Patients with CAG and ZES had basal serum gastrin concentrations significantly higher than controls (p<0.001).Methods—Immunohistochemistry was performed on 3 μm sections of rectal biopsy specimens incubated with 5′-bromodeoxyuridine.Results—The percentage of proliferating cells in the entire crypts (overall labelling index) was similar in all the groups. However, the labelling frequency in the upper two fifths of the glands (φh value) was significantly higher in patients with CAG or ZES compared with controls (p<0.01 in both patient groups versus controls).Conclusions—Endogenous hypergastrinaemia is associated with rectal cell proliferation defects, similar to those observed in conditions at high risk for colon cancer. The effect of the increased serum concentrations of gastrin on the colorectal mucosa after treatment with drugs inhibiting gastric acid secretion should be investigated.
Gastrointestinal transit and prolonged ambulatory colonic motility in health and faecal incontinence
Authors: Herbst F , Kamm M A , Morris G P , Britton K , Woloszko J , Nicholls R J 
Published: June 2010

Background—Colonic motor function has not been studied in the ambulatory setting over a prolonged period in the unprepared state. Furthermore, the disturbance of this function in patients with faecal incontinence is unknown.Aim—To study colonic function over two to three days in the ambulatory, unprepared state in health and in patients with idiopathic faecal incontinence.Methods—Six healthy women and six women with faecal incontinence and a structurally intact anal sphincter ingested a dual radioisotope meal, and had a six sensor, solid state manometric probe colonoscopically inserted into the left colon. Scanning was performed until radioisotope left the gut and pressure was recorded for a median of 44 hours.Results—Three of six patients showed abnormal gastric emptying. Patients showed no disturbance of colonic radioisotope transit. Controls had a median of 12, whereas patients had a median of 16, high amplitude propagated waves per 24 hours. In three patients urge incontinence was associated with high amplitude (up to 500 cm water) propagated waves which often reached the rectum. These high pressure waves were identical to those occuring in healthy subjects, the only difference being the lack of adequate sphincter response. Passive incontinence was not associated with colonic motor activity. Defaecation in all subjects was associated with identical propagated waves, and distal movement of 13% (median) of right colonic content and excretion of 32% from the left colon and rectum. The urge to defaecate was associated with either propagated waves (45%) or non-propagated contractions (55%). Rectal motor complexes were recorded in both groups of subjects, but similar rhythmic activity was also recorded in the sigmoid and descending colon.Conclusions—Normal colonic function consists of frequent high pressure propagated waves. Rhythmic activity occurs both proximal to and in the rectum. Defaecation is characterised by high pressure propagated waves associated with coordinated anal sphincter relaxation. Patients with faecal incontinence may have a widespread disturbance of gut function. Urge incontinence, an urge to defaecate, and defaecation can all be associated with identical high amplitude propagated pressure waves.
Association between genetic polymorphism of the pepsinogen C gene and gastric body ulcer: the genetic predisposition is not associated with Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Ohtaki Y , Azuma T , Konishi J , Ito S , Kuriyama M 
Published: June 2010

Background and aims—The genetic trait plays a part in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. To identify a DNA marker for peptic ulcer disease, the association between the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the pepsinogen C (PGC) gene and peptic ulcer disease was investigated.Patients and methods—One hundred and seventy seven unrelated controls, 75 patients with gastric ulcer, and 70 with duodenal ulcer were studied. PGC-RFLP was analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the association between PGC-RFLP and peptic ulcer disease was examined. The relation between the genetic association of PGC polymorphism with peptic ulcer and Helicobacter pyloriinfection was also examined.Results—Four alleles, 480 (allele 1), 450 (allele 2), 400 (allele 3), and 310 bp (allele 4), were detected by PCR. The frequency of allele 4 was significantly higher in patients with gastric body ulcer than in controls (χ2=9.92, p<0.005). Genotypes containing allele 4 were significantly more frequent in patients with gastric body ulcer than in controls and patients with gastric angular or antral ulcer. The relative risk of gastric body ulcer associated with the presence of allele 4, compared with its absence, was 4.63 and was statistically significant (χ2=14.84, p<0.005). There were no significant differences in the allelic frequencies between H pyloripositive and H pylori negative groups in controls, patients with gastric body ulcer, or patients with gastric angular or antral ulcer. Both in H pylori negative and H pylori positive cases, there was an increased frequency of allele 4 in patients with gastric body ulcer compared with controls.Conclusions—These results suggest that there is a significant association between this genetic polymorphism at the PGC gene locus and gastric body ulcer. There are differences in the genetic aetiology between gastric body ulcer and gastric angular or antral ulcer. PGC-RFLP may be used as a genetic marker for a genetic predisposition to gastric body ulcer; this genetic predisposition is not associated with H pylori infection.
Severe upper gastrointestinal polyposis associated with sparse colonic polyposis in a familial adenomatous polyposis family with an APC mutation at codon 1520
Authors: Leggett B A , Young J P , Biden K , Buttenshaw R L , Knight N , Cowen A E 
Published: June 2010

Background—Familial adenomatous polyposis usually results in colonic polyposis with hundreds to thousands of polyps, congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE), and variable extracolonic features. Recent reports indicate that patients with distal mutations between codons 1445 and 1578 do not express CHRPE and have a high incidence of desmoid tumours.Patients—The family studied has an unusual phenotype of sparse colonic polyposis but profuse upper gastrointestinal polyposis. Affected subjects do not have CHRPE.Methods—The protein truncation test followed by sequencing identified a 2 base pair deletion at codon 1520 in the APC gene. This results in a frameshift creating a stop codon 13 codons downstream.Results—This family demonstrates that sparse colonic polyposis but severe upper tract polyposis may be associated with mutations between codons 1445 and 1578.Conclusions—Study of duodenal and colonic polyps in further cases with mutations in this region is warranted. Such mutations may preferentially cause duodenal adenomas and desmoid tumours as somatic mutations in these tumours also occur in this region, unlike colorectal tumours where somatic mutations occur more proximally. This study emphasises the importance of screening the upper gastrointestinal tract even when the colonic disease is mild.
Are complications of endoscopic sphincterotomy age related?
Authors: Deans G T , Sedman P , Martin D F , Royston C M S , Leow C K , Thomas W E G , Brough W A 
Published: June 2010

Background—Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography sphincterotomy is increasingly performed in younger patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, the safety of endo- scopic sphincterotomy in this age group, relative to that in older patients, is unknown.Aim—To determine whether the development of short term complications following endoscopic sphincterotomy is age related.Patients and methods—A prospective multicentre audit of 958 patients (mean age 73, range 14–97, years) undergoing a total of 1000 endoscopic sphincterotomies.Results—Two deaths occurred, both from postsphincterotomy acute pancreatitis. Postprocedural complications developed in 24 patients: pancreatitis in 10, ascending cholangitis in seven, bleeding in four, and retroperitoneal perforation in three. There were six complications (five cases of pancreatitis and one bleed; 2.2%) and no deaths in the 281 (29.3%) patients aged under 65 years. In comparison, 18 (2.6%) of the 677 patients aged over 65 years developed a complication (cholangitis in seven, pancreatitis in five, bleeding in three, and perforation in three). Patients under 35, 45, 55, and 65 years were not at significantly increased risk of complication than those over these ages (relative risk for those under compared with those over 65 years 0.83, 95% confidence intervals 0.41–1.67, p=0.74).Conclusion—Short term complications following endoscopic sphincterotomy are not related to age. Younger patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy need not be denied endoscopic sphincterotomy for fear that the risks are greater than if they undergo surgical exploration of the common bile duct.
Liposome mediated gene transfer into the rat oesophagus
Authors: Schmid R M , Weidenbach H , Draenert G F , Liptay S , Lührs H , Adler G 
Published: June 2010

Background—Cancer of the oesophagus has so far eluded every attempt at pharmacological treatment. The recent advent of somatic gene therapy offers a new therapeutic approach to malignant tumours.Aim—To investigate whether and how gene transfer into the oesophagus can be achieved.Methods—A LacZ reporter gene was used as marker and transferred into the oesophagus of rats using cationic liposomes. Gene transfer was achieved by either luminal instillation into a closed segment using a double balloon catheter, or by intramural injection through a needle. Expression of β-galactosidase was monitored in the oesophagus and various control tissues by histochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcriptase PCR, and Southern blotting.Results—Up to 100 days after in vivo gene transfer β-galactosidase activity could be demonstrated in the oesophagus. Following luminal application, the transgene was expressed in epithelial cells whereas intramural injection induced preferential expression in fibroblasts.Conclusion—In vivo gene transfer into the oesophagus is feasible and safe, and the route of administration largely determines cell type specificity. This novel approach will enable in vivo studies of growth, differentiation, and malignant transformation in the oesophagus, and may open new avenues to the confinement of oesophageal malignancies.