bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastatic retinoblastoma presenting as a left shoulder soft tissue mass: FNA findings and review of the literature
Authors: Castelino‐Prabhu Shobha , Stoll Lisa Marie , Li Qing Kay 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRetinoblastoma is a relatively rare malignant pediatric tumor accounting for ∼3% of childhood cancers and 1% of all cancer deaths in children under 15 years of age. During the clinical course of the disease, a metastasis usually occurs within the first year of diagnosis and is seen in 2% of retinoblastoma patients. Metastases to the intracranial region are common and account for ∼50% of the metastatic cases. Metastasis to the soft tissue is very rare. Herein, we report a case of metastatic retinoblastoma presenting as a left shoulder soft tissue mass in a 14‐year‐old female with a 14‐year history of familial bilateral retinoblastoma status post radiation therapy. In our case, the FNA cytology shows some features of the small round blue cell tumor group with inconspicuous Flexner‐Wintersteiner or Homer‐Right rosette formation. The unusual clinical presentation and morphology give rise to a diagnostic dilemma, with the differential diagnosis centering on the small round blue cell tumors such as lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor), Ewing's sarcoma/PNET, and desmoplastic small round cell tumor. It also prompts concern for the development of a second primary tumor. The purpose of our study is to discuss the FNA cytology of metastatic retinoblastoma, its differential diagnoses, and the utility of immunohistochemistry. An accurate diagnosis is imperative due to the differences in prognosis and treatment implications for the various diseases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improving cellularity and quality of liquid‐based cytology slides processed from pancreatobiliary tract brushings
Authors: Campion Michael B. , Kipp Benjamin R. , Humphrey Sandra K. , Zhang Jun , Clayton Amy C. , Henry Michael R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCytology has been reported to have suboptimal sensitivity for detecting pancreatobiliary tract cancer in biliary tract specimens partly as a result of low specimen cellularity and obscuring noncellular components. The goal of this study was to determine if the use of a glacial acetic acid wash prior to processing would increase the cellularity and improve the quality of ThinPrep® slides when compared to standard non‐gyn ThinPrep processing. Fifty consecutive pancreatobiliary tract specimens containing 20 ml of sample/PreservCyt® were divided equally for standard non‐gyn ThinPrep (STP) and glacial acetic acid ThinPrep processing (GATP). A manual drop preparation was also performed on residual STP specimen to determine the number of cells left in the vial during STP processing. Twenty‐six (52%) specimens had more epithelial cell groupings with the GATP methodology while 19 (38%) had equivalent cellularity with both methods. The STP method produced more epithelial cell groupings in 5 (10%) of the specimens. Of the 26 specimens that had less cells with the STP method, 14 (54%) had ≥50 cell groupings on the manual drop slide processed from the residual STP specimen suggesting that many cells remain in the vial after STP processing. The GATP method was preferred in 25 (50%) of the specimens, the STP method in 5 (10%), while both methodologies provided similar findings in the remaining 20 (40%) of specimens. The data from this study suggests that the GATP method results in more cells being placed on the slide and was preferred over the STP method in a majority of specimens. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:627–632. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intramolecular C–H Bond Activation by Lanthanoid Complexes Bearing a Bulky Aminopyridinato Ligand
Authors: Qayyum Sadaf , Skvortsov Grigorii G. , Fukin Georgii K. , Trifonov Alexander A. , Kretschmer Winfried P. , Döring Christian , Kempe Rhett 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe present work is aimed towards the synthesis of C–H activation products of various group 3 and lanthanoid metals bearing a bulky aminopyridinato ligand, (2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)[6‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)pyridin‐2‐yl]amine (1, Ap′H). Deprotonation of1using KH leads to polymeric [Ap′K]n(2), which undergoes clean salt metathesis reaction with MX3[M = Sc, Nd and Sm, and X = Cl or M = La and X = Br] forming mono thf adducts [Ap′2ScCl(thf)] (3), [Ap′2LaBr(thf)] (4), [Ap′2NdCl(thf)] (5), and [Ap′2SmCl(thf)] (6). However, reacting2with LuCl3leads to mono‐ as well as bis(aminopyridinato)lutetium complexes [Ap′LuCl2(thf)2] (7) and [Ap′2LuCl(thf)] (8), respectively, while the analogous reaction with LaCl3at 50 °C produces the tris(aminopyridinato)lanthanum complex [Ap′3La] (9). For the selective synthesis of8in good yield amine elimination route was adopted. X‐ray diffraction studies revealed a distorted octahedral coordination for the bis(aminopyridinato) complexes3,4and6, despite the differences in their ionic radii. Alkylation of the bis(aminopyridinato) monohalide complexes with equimolar amounts of LiCH2SiMe3in hexane allowed the isolation of the corresponding alkyl derivatives. For the smaller metals like Sc and Lu affording [Ap′2ScCH2SiMe3(thf)] (10) and [Ap′2LuCH2SiMe3(thf)] (11), respectively. However, lanthanoids with large ionic radii such as La and Nd resulted in the formation of methyl group C–H bond activation products [Ap′(Ap′–H)La(thf)2] (12) and [Ap′(Ap′–H)Nd(thf)] (13), respectively. Most likely an alkyl species was formed which then undergoes intramolecular C–H activation and C–H activation runs fast with regard to the rate of alkyl complex formation. The alkylation of6(Sm) with LiCH2SiMe3did not give a clear product. The reaction of11with PhSiH3(Ph = phenyl) led via intramolecular C–H bond activation to [Ap′(Ap′–H)Lu(thf)] (14). In this case most likely a hydride species was formed which then undergoes rapid C–H activation. The alkyl complex10(Sc) did not react with PhSiH3. The molecular structures of11,12and13have been confirmed by X‐ray crystal structure analysis.
Direct Liquid Coating of Chalcopyrite Light‐Absorbing Layers for Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Todorov Teodor , Mitzi David B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLiquid deposition approaches for chalcopyrite films used in thin‐film photovoltaic devices are reviewed. Most of the targeted materials are based on Cu‐In or Cu‐In‐Ga sulfides and selenides (i.e., CIS or CIGS, respectively), although recently related alternative materials based on abundant and non‐toxic elements such as the kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4have been actively investigated. By direct liquid coating we refer collectively to a variety of techniques characterized by distributing a liquid or a paste to the surface of a substrate, followed by necessary thermal/chemical treatments to achieve the desired phase. The deposition media used are solutions or particle (usually submicrometer size) suspensions of metal oxide, organic and inorganic compounds, including metal chalcogenide species. The deposition techniques used are mainly printing and spin‐coating, although any standard process such as spraying, dip‐coating or slit casting can be applied. In contrast to other widely investigated liquid‐coating methods such as chemical bath and electrodeposition, in which relatively slower solid film growth occurs during the actual deposition step, the techniques discussed in this Microreview are mainly sequential, featuring rapid formation of a precursor film with well‐defined metal stoichiometry. The precursor film is then transformed by a thermal treatment, generally in a chalcogen‐containing atmosphere, to the final crystalline layer. This approach permits the use of low‐cost and high‐throughput equipment and the deployment of large‐scale production facilities with lower capital investment. Although many of the methods discussed are under laboratory development, there are already industrial start‐ups employing these promising methods for future large‐scale photovoltaic production.
Politicians' estimated height as an indicator of their popularity
Authors: Sorokowski Piotr 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPrevious research has found that an electoral candidates' eight is correlated with their image. Many studies have found that height is a great asset for a candidate as height correlates with electoral outcome. In this research the previously obtained results were partially confirmed—in the first study the supporters of a given candidate estimated him as taller than his opponents (confirmed by six out of 10 candidates). The second study, conducted during the presidential elections in Poland, showed that electorate‐perceived height of candidates for the Presidency changed after the first phase of elections (confirmed by three from six main candidates). These changes in electoral‐perceived height depended more upon their electoral support than attitudes toward them. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and Synthesis of New Differentiated Concurrent Mono‐ and Tridentate Ligands (Tectons) Based on Pyridine, Terpyridine, and Dihydrooxazole Units
Authors: Jouaiti Abdelaziz , Hosseini Mir Wais 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe design, synthesis, and characterization of the 10 linear and bent acentric ligands 1–10 (tectons) based on the differentiation of two divergently disposed coordinating poles is reported. The nature of the two poles and their distance are varied by the use of different linear spacers. For these molecules, a monodentate coordinating site, i.e., a pyridine ring, and a tridentate coordinating site, i.e., a pyridine moiety bearing at the 2 and 6 positions either two thioether groups or two dimethylamino units (PySMe and PyN(Me2)2 type, resp.), a terpyridine, or a pyridine ring bearing two optically pure dihydrooxazole units, are combined.
Emissive and Cell‐Permeable 3‐Pyridyl‐ and 3‐Pyrazolyl‐4‐azaxanthone Lanthanide Complexes and Their Behaviour in cellulo
Authors: Montgomery Craig P. , New Elizabeth J. , Palsson Lars O. , Parker David , Batsanov Andrei S. , Lamarque Laurent 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of seven emissive europium(III) and terbium(III) complexes was prepared, incorporating a 3‐pyridyl‐4‐azaxanthone or 3‐pyrazolyl‐4‐azaxanthone sensitising moiety within a polydentate macrocyclic ligand. High overall emission quantum yields in aqueous media are attenuated in the presence of protein or certain oxy anions due to displacement of the N,N′‐chelated sensitiser. Nevertheless, these complexes are taken into cells and tend to localise over the first few hours in mitochondria before being trafficked to endosomal compartments. Cell uptake studies, in the presence of competitive inhibitors or promoters of well‐defined uptake pathways, reveal a common uptake mechanism involving macropinocytosis.
Building Functionality into 4′‐Hydrazone Derivatives of 2,2′: 6′,2″‐Terpyridine
Authors: Beves Jonathon E. , Constable Edwin C. , Housecroft Catherine E. , Neuburger Markus , Schaffner Silvia , Zampese Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe syntheses of the five 2,2′: 6′,2″‐terpyridine (tpy) ligands 5–9 functionalized in the 4′‐position with a hydrazone substituent RR′CNNH (R=R′=Me; R=H, R′=4‐BrC6H4, 4‐O2NC6H4, 4‐MeOC6H4, or 3,5‐(MeO)2C6H3) are described. Protonation of the tpy domain of the ligands is facile. Solution behaviour has been studied by NMR and electronic spectroscopies. Representative structural data are presented for neutral and monoprotonated ligands, and illustrate that H‐bonding involving the formal amine NH unit is a dominant structural motif in all cases.
Bimetallic Lanthanide Complexes Derived from Macrocycle‐Appended m‐Xylyl Derivatives: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties
Authors: Placidi Matteo P. , Natrajan Louise S. , Sykes Daniel , Kenwright Alan M. , Faulkner Stephen 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of bimetallic lanthanide complexes was prepared from a bimacrocyclic system in which two DO3A units are linked by a m‐xylyl unit appended with either a NO2 or an NH2 group (DO3A=1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7‐triacetic acid). The Nd‐, Eu‐, Tb‐ and Yb‐complexes were all luminescent: time‐resolved studies indicated that the lipophilic xylyl group restricts close approach of H2O to the metal centre.
Organometallic Cerium Complexes from Tetravalent Coordination Complexes
Authors: Arnold Polly L. , Casely Ian J. , Zlatogorsky Sergey , Wilson Claire 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe use of tetravalent cerium alkoxides, nitrates, and triflates was studied as a direct route to [CeIV(carbene)] complexes. Protonolysis reactions between 1H‐imidazolium‐ or imidazoline (=4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazole)‐containing alkoxide proligands HL (L=OCMe2CH2[1‐C(NCHCHNiPr)]) and HLS (LS=OCMe2CH2[1‐C(NCH2CH2NiPr)]) and CeIV tert‐butoxide, triflate, and nitrate compounds were studied to target [CeIV(N‐heterocyclic carbene)] complexes (of unsaturated and saturated carbenes, resp.). Instead, tetravalent cerium imidazolium [(OtBu)3Ce(μ‐OtBu)2(μ‐HL)Ce(OtBu)3], or imidazolinium adducts [(OtBu)3Ce(μ‐OtBu)2(μ‐HLS)Ce(OtBu)3] were isolated. However, the salt metathesis of cerium triflate with KL provided a simple route to [CeL4], which was significantly improved if an external oxidant, benzoquinone, was included in the mixture to maintain oxidation‐state integrity. Likewise, the salt metathesis of cerium triiodide with KL and added benzoquinone provided a straightforward route to [CeL4].
Synthesis and Solid‐State, Solution, and Luminescence Properties of Near‐Infrared‐Emitting Neodymium(3+) Complexes Formed with Ligands Derived from Salophen
Authors: Uh Hyounsoo , Badger Paul D. , Geib Steven J. , Petoud Stéphane 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of free ligands, H2L1, H2L2, H2L3, and H2L4, designed for the coordination and sensitization of near‐infrared(NIR)‐emitting Nd3+ were synthesized by modifying the salophen Schiff base with different numbers and locations of Br‐substituents. The nature of the Nd3+ complexes in solution was determined to be [ML2]− by spectrophotometric titrations as an indication that the different substituents do not affect significantly the nature of the formed species. The structures were determined in the solid phase from X‐ray diffraction experiments. The stoichiometries and structures in the solid state are different from those observed in solution. We established that the structures in the solid state can be partially controlled by the crystallization conditions. The ligands L1–L4 have the ability to sensitize Nd3+ through intramolecular energy transfer from the ligand to the metal ion. We quantified that the numbers and locations of Br‐substituents control the emitted luminescence intensity of the complex by the heavy‐atom effect.
Synthesis and Characterization of Pentafluorophenyl‐Substituted Perylenebis(dicarboximides)
Authors: Schnitzler Tobias , Li Chen , Müllen Klaus 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA series of 1,7‐bis(perfluorophenyl)substituted perylenebis(dicarboximides) were synthesized by Cu‐mediated Ullmann coupling of bromopentafluorobenzene with 1,7‐dibromoperylenebis(dicarboximides) (Scheme). The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these dyes were investigated with regard to their potential use as building blocks in organic photovoltaics (OPV) or organic field‐effect transistors (OFET).
Na6[Ti5O12(OH)2]: A New Titanate Containing $\rm{{_{\infty }^{1}}}$[Ti5O12(OH)2]6− Ribbons
Authors: Wörle Michael , Lorenzen Volker , Nesper Reinhard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNa6[Ti5O12(OH)2] is the first structurally characterized sodium oxohydroxotitanate. The compound can be prepared via hydrothermal treatment of TiO2 (Anatas) in NaOH (10n) for 96 h at 250° in an autoclave. The crystal structure of Na6[Ti5O12(OH)2] consists of infinite ribbons $\rm{{_{\infty }^{1}}}$[Ti5O12(OH)2]6−. The orthorhombic arrangement has Pbcn (No. 60) symmetry with the lattice constants a=18.668(4) Å, b=6.5333(13) Å, and c=9.829(2) Å.
Assessment of vegetation effects on hydraulics and of feedbacks on plant survival and zonation in ephemeral channels
Authors: Sandercock P. J. , Hooke J. M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe interaction of vegetation and flow in channels is important for understanding the influences of forces in channels and effects on erosion, sediment flux and deposition; it has implications for channel habitats, channel instability and restoration schemes. Methods are needed for calculating forces on plants and data are required on thresholds for plant destruction and survival. A simple method of calculating the effect of hydraulics on vegetation and its zonation within ephemeral channels is described. Detailed cross section surveys of channel morphology, vegetation and estimates of Manning's n are input into the software program WinXSPRO to calculate the hydraulics of flows across the channel for a given event or flow level, incorporating subdivision into zones of differing morphology and vegetation across the section. This was applied to a number of cross sections on ephemeral channels in SE Spain and typical roughness values for Mediterranean vegetation types in channels were assessed. The method is demonstrated with reference to two well‐documented floods in SE Spain, in September 1997 on the Torrealvilla and in October 2003 along the Salada. These flows led to the mortality of herbs, reed and smaller shrub species. Some damage to larger shrubs and trees occurred, but trees such as Tamarisk (Tamarix canariensis) were shown to withstand high forces. Some grasses were highly resistant to removal and induced sedimentation. Significant erosion was limited to areas with little vegetation covering the channel floor. Further quantification of resistance of vegetation to flows and upper threshold values for removal is continuing by relating calculated hydraulic conditions using the methods outlined to measurements of vegetation responses in events at monitoring sites. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oncoapoptosis: A novel molecular therapeutic for cancer treatment
Authors: Blaho John A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMany cancer cells refractory to radiation treatment and chemotherapy proliferate due to loss of intrinsic programmed cell death (apoptosis) regulation. Consequently, the resolution of these cancers are many times outside the management capabilities of conventional therapeutics. We have developed a replication defective herpes simplex virus system which triggers apoptosis specifically in transformed human cells, termed oncoapoptosis. Susceptibility to virus induced cell death is dependent on the p53 protein status in the tumor cells, indicating specific targeting of the treatment. Primary cells which produce functional p53 are resistant to oncoapoptotic killing but not to apoptosis induced by nonviral environmental factors. Thus, induction of apoptosis by nonreplicating virus is a feasible molecular therapeutic approach for killing human cancer cells. Our findings have important implications in designing novel virus‐based anticancer strategies. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(2): 87–91, 2010
The pentose‐phosphate pathway in neuronal survival against nitrosative stress
Authors: Bolaños Juan P. , Almeida Angeles 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNeurons are thought to be particularly vulnerable cells against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) damage (nitrosative stress), due in part to their weak antioxidant defense and low ability to compensate energy homeostasis. Intriguingly, nitrosative stress efficiently stimulates the rate of the antioxidant pentose‐phosphate pathway (PPP), which generates NADPH a necessary cofactor for the reduction of glutathione disulfide. In fact, inhibition of PPP sensitizes cultured neurons to glutathione oxidation and apoptotic death, whereas its stimulation confers resistance to nitrosative stress. Furthermore, we recently described that neurons can preferentially use glucose through the PPP by inhibiting glycolysis, which is achieved by continuously degrading the glycolytic positive‐effector protein, 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase‐3 (Pfkfb3) by the action of the E3 ubiquitine ligase anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)Cdh1. These results suggest that the antioxidant fragility of neurons may be compensated by the PPP at the expense of inhibiting bioenergetic glycolysis. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(1):14–18, 2010
An inflated multivariate integer count hurdle model: an application to bid and ask quote dynamics
Authors: Bien Katarzyna , Nolte Ingmar , Pohlmeier Winfried 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this paper we develop a model for the conditional inflated multivariate density of integer count variables with domain ℤn, n ∈ ℕ. Our modelling framework is based on a copula approach and can be used for a broad set of applications where the primary characteristics of the data are: (i) discrete domain; (ii) the tendency to cluster at certain outcome values; and (iii) contemporaneous dependence. These kinds of properties can be found for high‐ or ultra‐high‐frequency data describing the trading process on financial markets. We present a straightforward sampling method for such an inflated multivariate density through the application of an independence Metropolis–Hastings sampling algorithm. We demonstrate the power of our approach by modelling the conditional bivariate density of bid and ask quote changes in a high‐frequency setup. We show how to derive the implied conditional discrete density of the bid–ask spread, taking quote clusterings (at multiples of 5 ticks) into account. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous removal of phosphate and phenanthrene by alum aided with low amounts of surfactant‐modified bentonite
Authors: Ma Jianfeng , Li Dinglong , Zhang Wenyi , Lei Chunsheng 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Organobentonite is efficient for organic pollution removal; however, it is infrequently applied in waste‐water treatment engineering because of its high cost of modification and the difficulty of separation from treated water. This study investigated a new process for simultaneously removing phosphate and organic pollutants by flocculation with the aid of organobentonite.RESULTS: The results showed that low amounts of surfactant‐modified organobentonite could cheaply enhance simultaneous phosphate removal and phenanthrene removal. During the process, some of the alum cations were exchanged to the inner surface of the lamellar bentonite and the mechanism of phosphate adsorption on alum was changed to ligand exchange, which improved phosphate adsorption. Moreover, the coagulant helped clay sedimentation, and settlement speed of the floc itself was accelerated. It was found that the optimal removal efficiency was obtained at an alum concentration of 0.2 mmol L−1 and pH 5.3, with more than 90% phosphate and 98% phenanthrene removed and residual turbidity kept below 10 NTU.CONCLUSION: Results showed that the proposed process was suitable for simultaneously removing non‐biodegradable organic pollutants such as phenanthrene and phosphate from water after the bioprocess in waste‐water treatment. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry