bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Information Content Methods for Semantic Similarity based on Taxonomies
Authors: De Nicola Antonio , Formica Anna , Mele Ida , Taglino Francesco 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This work presents a comparison of some of the most representative methods for computing the information content (IC) of a concept in a taxonomy. These methods can be extensional, i.e., they require external resources, or intensional, i.e., they rely only on the taxonomy. In this paper, we illustrate an experiment integrating each selected proposal into the SemSim^p method, which allows the assessment of the similarity between resource annotations, i.e., sets of concepts from a taxonomy. We then show how the adoption of the different IC approaches impacts the SemSim^p performances and, consequently, the similarity of annotated resources. In the experiment, we consider three indicators, one based on a statistical criterion, another based on the judgment of human experts, and the third one is their harmonic mean. While prior research suggests extensional approaches generally perform best, the results obtained in this work indicate that both extensional and intensional approaches can achieve optimal performance for semantic similarity calculation.
Environmental and Health Effects of Fossil-Fuel Generator Use in Computer-Village, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Akinnubi Tolulope Oyeneye , Ogba Patricia , Nwabueze Ndukaeze 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The quest for development is one thing that has remained true about human nature throughout history, man will utilize resources as much as possible, natural and non-natural, physical and abstract, permanent and ephemeral, to the greatest extent feasible. In light of this, one type of resource, in particular, is fossil fuels, which are particularly important in the generation of energy (Babatunde et al., 2020). For decades, fossil fuels have provided energy to a wide range of human activities. Nigeria is a country rich in energy resources but has yet to fully use these vast energy resources with minimal environmental and climatic consequences (Vincent-Akpu, 2012). The study employed a mixed-methods convergent design, combining quantitative and qualitative data to enhance understanding of the research problem through questionnaire, interview as well as sampling of air quality and noise levels in Computer-Village, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Data collected were analysed using Microsoft Office Excel, Sonix's advanced automated translation engine and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Chi-square statistics, T-test at 95% confidence interval and a p-value of ≤ 0.05). It was established that there was a significant relationship between Generator Usage and its effect on health and environment. The study also revealed that the sampling of air quality shows the presence of noxious gases such as Carbon monoxide, Volatile Organic Compounds, Nitrogen dioxide, Sulphur dioxide, and Particulate Matters as well as high noise levels which negatively impact the environment and also pose significant risk to human health. The level of knowledge and awareness of generator hazards was generally high among respondents in Computer-Village with the majority being knowledgeable of the effects of exposure on their health.
Bacterial Diversity in Fresh Milk from Commercial Dairy Farms in Xinjiang, China, Based on Metagenomic Sequencing Analysis
Authors: SUN Yingni , LUO Zhijie , ZHANG Hui , ZHOU Xia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The nutritional value and microbial diversity of fresh milk are shaped by the cows' environment and biological processes, leading to varied microbial profiles that can influence milk quality, fermentation, spoilage, and health outcomes. Analysing the microbial composition of milk can provide insights into its nutritional value and potential effects on human health. To this end, we investigated microbial composition on fresh milk, gathered from seven large-scale dairy farms in the southern and northern regions of Xinjiang, using metagenomic sequencing technology.
Results
Our findings indicated that the main phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with abundances of 7.57–7.76%, 5.60–5.78%, and 2.26–2.29%, respectively. At the genus level, the genera with the highest relative abundances were Sporosarcina, Streptococcus, and Escherichia, with relative abundances of 2.51–2.58%, 2.23–2.27%, and 1.93–1.97% respectively. When exploring species richness, it was observed that the XN group had the most operational taxonomic units, while the DR group had the fewest. Additionally, there were significant differences in the community structure between the ND group and the other six groups. Further, alpha diversity analysis revealed no significant variation in Chao1 indices across the seven sample groups, highlighting a significant difference in the Shannon index for ND samples and no significant differences in Shannon indices between the CJ, JY, KT, DR, and TR samples. The top three relative abundances in the microbial metagenome KEGG functional library were biological systems, human diseases, and environmental information processing; additionally, within the carbohydrate-active enzyme database, the three most abundant categories were glycosyltransferases, glycoside hydrolases, and carbohydrate-binding modules.
Conclusions
By identifying the significant differences in the microbial prevalence between milk obtained from different regions, this study demonstrated the microbial spectrum characteristics of fresh milk from Southern and Northern Xinjiang, offering a theoretical foundation for enhancing the quality of fresh milk in the area.
Current status and influencing factors of nurses' cognition and attitudes towards clinical research ethical in China：A province-wide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Zhang Na , Cheng Qinqin , Lu Wen , Luo Tingwei , Zhang Zhiqiang , Jiang Sishan , Qin Hongwen , Zhu Lihui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Nurses' competence in clinical research is a key element in promoting high quality in the discipline of nursing, and the ethical aspects of research are of paramount importance. Therefore, nurses need to have a comprehensive understanding of the ethics associated with clinical research, which is an integral part of safeguarding the safety of subjects, ensuring the quality of nursing clinical research, and improving the ethical standardization of clinical research.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 304 nurses in a province of China between April 2023 and September 2023, utilizing convenience sampling. The survey questionnaire comprised two sections: a general information form and a questionnaire focusing on nurses' cognition and attitudes towards clinical research ethics. Data analysis encompassed descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression.
Results
A total of 320 questionnaires were distributed, of which 304 were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 95%. The total score of nurses' clinical research ethics cognition and attitude was (70.67 ± 7.28), which was at a medium level, with a good attitude score (91.17 ± 15.96) and a low cognition score (63.08 ± 12.30). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that degree, grade of hospital (I, II or III), technical title, number of clinical projects chaired in one year and whether or not they participated in training related to ethical knowledge were the five factors influencing the cognition of clinical research ethics (F = 9.341, P < 0.001, R2 = 18.0%); degree, grade of hospital (I, II or III), technical title, number of clinical research projects chaired in one year, whether the hospital has an ethics committee and whether to participate in training related to ethical knowledge were the six factors affecting ethical attitudes towards clinical research (F = 8.919, P < 0.001, R2 = 17.3%).
Conclusions
Nurses in a Chinese province scored low on the cognitive dimension of clinical research ethics, but their attitudes were at a relative high level, with many influencing factors. Degree, technical title, and grade of hospital, all affect cognitive and attitude scores. It is also worth noting that whether the hospital has an ethics committee affects the attitude scores, but has no effect on the cognitive scores.Nursing administrators and educators should consider providing effective and targeted strategies (e.g., ongoing training, scholarly seminars, and scholarly exchanges) to enhance nurses' knowledge and competence in clinical research ethics to protect subject rights as well as to ensure the quality of clinical research.
Physics-based prediction of moisture-capture properties of hydrogels
Authors: Diaz-Marin Carlos , Masetti Lorenzo , Roper Miles , Hector Kezia , Zhong Yang , Lu Zhengmao , Caylan Omer , Graeber Gustav , Grossman Jeffrey 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Moisture-capturing materials can enable potentially game-changing energy-water technologies such as atmospheric water production, heat storage, and passive cooling. Hydrogel composites recently emerged as outstanding moisture-capturing materials due to their low cost, high affinity for humidity, and design versatility. Despite extensive efforts to experimentally explore the large design space of hydrogels for high-performance moisture capture, there is a critical knowledge gap on our understanding behind the moisture-capture properties of these materials. This missing understanding hinders the fast development of novel hydrogels, material performance enhancements, and device-level optimization. In this work, we combine synthesis and characterization of hydrogel-salt composites to develop and validate a theoretical description that bridges this knowledge gap. Starting from a thermodynamic description of hydrogel-salt composites, we develop models that accurately capture experimentally measured moisture uptakes and sorption enthalpies. We also develop mass transport models that precisely reproduce the dynamic absorption and desorption of moisture into hydrogel-salt composites. Altogether, these results demonstrate the main variables that dominate moisture-capturing properties, showing a negligible role of the polymer in the material performance. Our insights guide the synthesis of next-generation humidity-capturing hydrogels and enable their system-level optimization in ways previously unattainable for critical water-energy applications.
Wheat debranning: effects on mycotoxins, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity
Authors: Tibola Casiane Salete , Eichelberger Luiz , Fernandes José Mauricio Cunha , Simões Daiane , Fontes Milena Ramos Vaz , Rosa Elessandra da , Dias Alvaro Renato Guerra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The debranning process, at an industrial scale, was applied to grains of two wheat cultivars to determine its effect on Fusarium mycotoxins content and antioxidant activity. Grain samples from the BRS Marcante and BRS Reponte wheat cultivars, naturally contaminated by Fusarium, were used in the study. The dry wheat samples were processed on the polisher once or twice, and evaluated by hardness index, chemical composition, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) levels, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. In the BRS Marcante cultivar, the debranning process only slightly reduced the DON and ZON contents in whole-wheat flours compared with the previous cleaning treatment (no-debranned). In the BRS Reponte cultivar, the DON concentration decreased by 36% at a debranning ratio of 5%, obtained by polishing, compared with prior cleaning treatment (no-debranned). In addition, the polishing reduced the ZON level by 56% compared with the cleaned wheat. The debranning process did not reduce the antioxidant capacity. Therefore, debranning is a suitable technology to obtain safer and healthier food by minimizing the mycotoxin content and retaining antioxidant capacity.
Comparison of energy absorption in negative stiffness honeycombs made of Polyamide 11 and 12
Authors: Shafipour Mahdiyeh , Brooghani Seyed Yousef Ahmadi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Negative stiffness honeycombs are energy absorbers that absorb energy by transitioning from one buckling mode to another and their snap-through behavior in cells. They have a fundamental property as an energy absorber; in this type of absorber, negative stiffness causes reversibility after impact. In this study, the effect of negative stiffness honeycomb material in increasing energy absorption is investigated experimentally and numerically. The quasi-static tests are performed on negative stiffness honeycombs made of polyamide 11 and 12. Then, the finite element (FE) model of the structure is simulated under quasi-static compression. The FE model requires the nonlinear elastic and viscoelastic properties of the materials used to make the honeycombs. For this purpose, tensile and stress relaxation tests are performed on standard specimens. The Prony series coefficients for two polyamide materials 11 and 12 are extracted and used in the FE model. Next, the energy absorption performance of negative stiffness honeycombs of polyamide 11 and 12 is compared experimentally and numerically. The comparison shows that the energy absorption per unit mass (SEA) for a negative stiffness honeycomb made of polyamide 11 is 1.7 times higher in the experimental data and 1.62 times higher in the FE result than the negative stiffness honeycomb made of Polyamide12. Other fundamental parameters of energy absorption also confirm the higher efficiency of negative stiffness honeycombs made of polyamide 11.
An experimental study to estimate the early postmortem interval based on the degradation of lncRNAs in rat brain tissue
Authors: Gao Haibo , Yang Siyu , Gao Jie , Zhang Siqi , Qin Li , Huang Meng , Wu Hua , Tang Qun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

To study the degradation of lncRNAs in EPMI in rat brain tissue, this study provides a new direction for the estimation of EPMI. LncRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed on the brain tissues of hemorrhagic shock model rats at 0 h and 24 h, and the target lncRNAs were screened. Samples at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after death were collected, and miRNA-9 and miRNA-125b were used as reference genes. The relative expression levels of lncRNAs at each PMI were detected by RT–qPCR, and a functional model involving lncRNAs and EPMI was established. Samples were collected at 6, 9, 15, and 21 h after death for functional model verification. The expression of several lncRNAs decreased with the prolongation of EPMI, and the mathematical model established by several lncRNA indices exhibited good fit. The verification results of the multi-index joint function model are significantly better than those of the single-index function model, and the established model is more practical. There is a linear relationship between lncRNAs and EPMI, and the multi-index function model is significantly better than the single-index function model, which is important for EPMI inference in forensic pathology practice.
Assessing Radioactivity Levels in Agricultural Soil: A Comparative Study of Traditional vs. Modern Fertilization Techniques in Tunisian Oases
Authors: Tayar Sofiene , Tellili Borhan , Souga Chedly , Elmahroug Youssef 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

To establish a radiological national reference for agricultural soil across Tunisian oases and assess the risk to human health associated with date consumption, with a focus on comparing the impact of traditional and modern fertilization, radiological parameters and activity levels of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K were determined for 27 oases. These oases were located in three southern Tunisian governorates. The activity concentration of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K were measured using a 3×3 inch NaI(Tl) scintillation detector, which were found to be 21.82 ± 1.0 , 26.51 ± 1.1 and 559.21 ± 23.0 respectively for traditional oases and 26.56 ± 1.2 , 24.45 ± 1.1 and 661.28 ± 26.3 respectively for modern oases. In addition, Ambient dose equivalent rate were measured using a multipurpose Hand-held radiation CsI(Tl) detector, which were found to be 0.075 µSv/h in traditional oases and 0.078 µSv/h in modern oases. The resulting radiological parameters and activity concentrations were then compared to results from neighboring countries and the average soil activity worldwide.
Flavonoid metabolism plays an important role in response to Pb stress in maize at seedling stage
Authors: Han Zanping , Zheng Yan , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Wang Bin , Guo Yiyang , Guan Zhongrong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Pb stress, a toxic abiotic stress, critically affects maize production and food security. Although some progress has been made in understanding the damage caused by Pb stress and plant response strategies, the regulatory mechanisms and resistance genes involved in the response to lead stress in crops are largely unknown. In this study, the response mechanism of maize to Pb stress, the expression of Pb tolerance genes, physiological and biochemical indexes, the transcriptome, and the metabolome under different concentrations of Pb stress were combined for comprehensive analysis. As a result, the antioxidant system was significantly inhibited under Pb stress, especially under relatively high Pb concentrations. Transcriptome analysis revealed 3559 co-DEGs under the four Pb concentration treatments, which were enriched mainly in the GO terms related to DNA-binding transcription factor activity, response to stress, response to reactive oxygen species, cell death, the plasma membrane and root epidermal cell differentiation. Metabolome analysis revealed 72 and 107 DEMs under T500 and T2000, respectively, and 36 co-DEMs. KEGG analysis of the DEMs and DEGs revealed a common metabolic pathway, namely, flavonoid biosynthesis. An association study between the flavonoid biosynthesis-related DEMs and DEGs revealed 20 genes associated with flavonoid-related metabolites, including 3 for genistin and 17 for calycosin. This study not only provides genetic resources for the genetic improvement of maize Pb tolerance but also enriches the theoretical basis of the maize Pb stress response.
Biomechanical behavior of lower limb joints based on Time-series k- means clustering Algorithm during Gait
Authors: Molavian Rozhin , Fatahi Ali , Khezri Davood 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Given the inherent essence of gait, there is potential to analyze and categorize this data using artificial intelligence. Aim of this study Investigate the mechanical properties of lower limb articulations while walking through the application of artificial intelligence methodologies.
Twenty-eight young individuals were part of a study. They completed a task walking 10 meters on a path. The task was done twice, once at their own speed and once at 100 beats per minute. Data points were categorized using a machine learning technique called time-series k-means clustering. The movements of hip, knee, and ankle joints were compared across different clusters. Statistical analysis was used to find any differences among the groups. Results of the study shows that angular velocity and joint moment influence subject distribution in clusters. Cluster 3 with the smallest population has the highest mechanical power. Mechanical power of ankle and hip joints affects clustering pattern. Second group has few participants with random power allocation among joints. Knee joint is the primary determinant in clustering process. Hip joint has a minor role in power generation and absorption at preferred speed. Knee and ankle joints are crucial in clustering outcomes in all scenarios.
The findings indicate notable disparities between the production and absorption stages of walking in situations involving preferred and constant speeds, with the exception of the hip joint.
Ricci Curvature and the Stream of Thought
Authors: Nachshon Yinon , Cohen Haim , Naim Paz M. , Saucan Emil , Maril Anat 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This paper investigates the dynamics of semantic associations by exploring the interplay between continuity and direction, in a geometric semantic space. While acknowledging the role of continuity in guiding associations, our work introduces the notion of Direction as a crucial factor influencing transitions. Conceptually, we define the stream of associations as movement along a sequence of objects, with attention amplifying dissimilarity and progressing in the direction of maximal resolution. The direction of maximal resolution is conceptualized as the most "stretched" direction, representing the focal point of our study.
Methodologically, we propose a unique version of discrete Ricci curvature to measure the direction of maximal resolution, adapting traditional curvature concepts to a hypergraph framework. Empirically, our investigation involves a categorical fluency task where participants name animals, constructing a hypergraph for transition analysis. We evaluate two hypotheses: the relationship between edge "stretchiness" and transition probability, and the enhanced explanatory power of considering Similarity + Direction over similarity alone. Our model challenges the standard view by proposing that the stream of thought moves in the direction of maximal resolution. We introduce the novel idea of Ricci curvature of a hypernetwork to quantify resolution and demonstrate its application in the context of semantic space.
Chia derived peptides affecting bacterial membrane and DNA: Insights from Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli studies Names and e-mail addresses for all authors
Authors: Madrazo Anaí León , Owen Patricia Quintana , Mendoza Gerardo Pérez , Campos Maira Rubi Segura 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The rising concern over microbial resistance and the potential impact on human health of conventional antimicrobial agents commonly utilized in food preservation has led to the research of plant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their mechanisms of action. Therefore, study investigated the antimicrobial mechanisms of peptides YACLKVK, KLKKNL, KLLKKYL, and KLLKI, derived from a chia seed peptide fraction, against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Escherichia coli (EC). The analysis incorporated fluorometric assays and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine membrane permeabilization and bacterial cell morphological changes. The peptides disrupt bacterial membranes, as shown by a propidium iodide (PI) uptake of 72.34 ± 1.87% in SA, calcein release of 98.27 ± 0.93%, and N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine (NPN) uptake of 84.35 ± 3.03%, in EC. At concentrations above 5 mg/mL, an increased effect on membrane permeabilization was observed. SEM results indicated marked morphological alterations, thus supporting fluorometric findings of cell membrane damage. Furthermore, changes in electrophoretic mobility of EC DNA indicated peptide-DNA interactions, suggesting a supplementary antimicrobial effect through intracellular target engagement beyond membrane disruption. These results highlighted the peptides as promising novel antimicrobial agents with the capability to disrupt bacterial cell membranes and potentially target DNA. The need for further exploration of the peptides' intracellular actions and comprehensive antimicrobial mechanisms is emphasized.