bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of hippocampal circuitry by adult neurogenesis
Authors: Song Juan , M. Christian Kimberly , Ming Guo‐li , Song Hongjun 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe adult hippocampus is one of the primary neural structures involved in memory formation. In addition to synapse‐specific modifications thought to encode information at the subcellular level, changes in the intrahippocampal neuro‐populational activity and dynamics at the circuit‐level may contribute substantively to the functional capacity of this region. Within the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus has the potential to make a preferential contribution to neural circuit modification owing to the continuous addition of new granule cell population. The integration of newborn neurons into pre‐existing circuitry is hypothesized to deliver a unique processing capacity, as opposed to merely replacing dying granule cells. Recent studies have begun to assess the impact of hippocampal neurogenesis by examining the extent to which adult‐born neurons participate in hippocampal networks, including when newborn neurons become engaged in ongoing network activity and how they modulate circuit dynamics via their unique intrinsic physiological properties. Understanding the contributions of adult neurogenesis to hippocampal function will provide new insight into the fundamental aspects of brain plasticity, which can be used to guide therapeutic interventions to replaceneural populations damaged by disease or injury. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 1032–1043, 2012
Dorsal–ventral patterning of the neural tube: A tale of three signals
Authors: Le Dréau Gwenvael , Martí Elisa 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDevelopment of the vertebrate nervous system begins with the acquisition of neural identity from the midline dorsal‐ectodermal cells of the gastrulating embryos. The subsequent progressive specification of the neural plate along its anterior–posterior and dorsal–ventral (DV) axes allows the generation of the tremendous variety of neuronal and glial cells that compose the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS). Studies on the development of the spinal cord, the anatomically simplest part of the CNS, have generated most of our current knowledge on the signaling events and the genetic networks that orchestrate the DV patterning of the neural plate. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of these events and highlight unresolved questions. We focused our attention on the activity and the integration of the three main instructive cues: Sonic hedgehog, the Wnts and the Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, giving particular attention to the less well understood dorsal signaling events. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2012
Subtle genetic structure reveals restricted connectivity among populations of a coral reef fish inhabiting remote atolls
Authors: Underwood Jim N. , Travers Michael J. , Gilmour James P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe utilized a spatial and temporal analyses of genetic structure, supplemented with ecological and oceanographic analysis, to assess patterns of population connectivity in a coral reef fish Chromis margaritifer among the unique and remote atolls in the eastern Indian Ocean. A subtle, but significant genetic discontinuity at 10 microsatellite DNA loci was detected between atoll systems corresponding with a low (≤ 1%) probability of advection across the hundreds of kilometers of open ocean that separates them. Thus, although genetic connections between systems are likely maintained by occasional long‐distance dispersal of C. margaritifer larvae, ecological population connectivity at this spatial scale appears to be restricted. Further, within one of these atoll systems, significant spatial differentiation among samples was accompanied by a lack of temporal pairwise differentiation between recruit and adult samples, indicating that restrictions to connectivity also occur at a local scale (tens of kilometers). In contrast, a signal of panmixia was detected at the other atoll system studied. Lastly, greater relatedness and reduced genetic diversity within recruit samples was associated with relatively large differences among them, indicating the presence of sweepstakes reproduction whereby a small proportion of adults contributes to recruitment in the next generation. These results are congruent with earlier work on hard corals, suggesting that local production of larvae drives population replenishment in these atoll systems for a range of coral reef species.
Propagation properties of leaky surface acoustic wave on reverse‐proton‐exchanged 10° Y‐X LiNbO3
Authors: Kakio Shoji , Shimizu Hidenori , Nakagawa Yasuhiko 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this study, to reduce leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW) attenuation, a layered structure of air/bulk LiNbO3 (LN) layer/elastically softened LN substrate which can be fabricated by a reverse proton exchange (RPE) process was applied to 10° Y‐X LN with a larger coupling factor. First, the LSAW attenuation on a structure of air/bulk LN/modified LN was calculated with all material constants of the buried proton exchange (PE) layer taken into consideration. It was found that a condition under which the attenuation decreases as compared with the bulk value exists for the free and metallized surfaces. Next, the LSAW propagation properties were measured using IDT pairs with a 3.6‐μm wavelength on 10° Y‐X LN with the RPE layer and the buried PE layer. The propagation loss PL for the metallized surface was decreased by carrying out the RPE process from 0.44 dB/λ of a virgin wafer to 0.01 dB/λ. The decrease in PL for the shorted grating was also observed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(3): 19–27, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10412
Temperature characteristics of β‐phase quartz resonators and their application to accurate temperature sensors in high‐temperature region
Authors: Uno Takehiko , Tashiro Hiroyuki , Noge Satoru 
Published: February 2012

AbstractQuartz has been widely used for resonators and filters because of its excellent electromechanical characteristics. Quartz has a transition temperature TC of 573 °C. The electromechanical characteristics of quartz have been well investigated for the α‐phase (below TC), but the characteristics in the β‐phase have not been well clarified. We investigated the piezoelectric properties of β‐quartz plates from 573 °C to about 1,300 °C. Clear piezoelectric resonances with high quality factors were observed. By using the large frequency temperature coefficient, β‐phase quartz can be applied to temperature sensors in the high‐temperature region above 600 °C. We also propose an unwired setup using the β‐phase quartz temperature sensor. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(3): 9–18, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10415
The kinetics of epoxidation of trimethylolpropane ester
Authors: Naidir Ferra , Yunus Robiah , Rashid Umer , Masood Hassan , Ghazi Tinia Idaty Mohd. , Ramli Irmawati 
Published: February 2012

AbstractKinetics pertaining epoxidation reaction of a palm oil‐based synthetic lubricant trimethylolpropane (TMP) ester were investigated. The epoxidation reaction of TMP ester was carried out utilizing peracetic acid generated by an in situ technique. The analysis of the reaction kinetics was performed within the low temperature (30, 50, and 60°C) and high temperature (70, 80, and 90°C) regions, owing to the nature of the reactions. The maximum conversion of the unsaturated carbon to oxirane ring was achieved in 1 h at high temperature region, while epoxidation of TMP esters took more than 4 h to reach the maximum conversion at the low temperature region. From the experimental data, the kinetics of epoxidation of TMP esters fitted well with both the second‐order and pseudo first‐order models. The rate constants for pseudo first‐order model increased from 0.0009 to 0.0055 by increasing temperature at the low temperature region, and from 0.0129 to 0.0209 within the high temperature region. The values of activation energies at low temperature and high temperature regions were found to be 69.4 and 53.3 kJ/mol, respectively.
A Hybrid Cavitand Made by Capping Permethylated α‐Cyclodextrin with Cyclotriveratrylene
Authors: Brégier Frédérique , Karuppannan Sekar , Chambron Jean‐Claude 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA hybrid C3‐symmetric cavitand 1, in which permethylated α‐cyclodextrin (PM α‐CDX) is capped with cyclotriveratrylene (CTV), has been prepared in 8 % yield by intramolecular cyclization of a vanillyl alcohol derivative attached to the primary rim of the CDX platform. The reaction proceeds diastereoselectively (dr ≈ 6:1), the chirality of the α‐glucopyranosyl units controlling the chirality of the CTV component. Interestingly, in polar solvents, 1 shows self‐complexation properties as the primary methoxy groups of the CDX component are directed towards the CTV cavity.
Re‐Evaluating the Nucleophilicity of Zinc Enolates in Alkylation Reactions
Authors: Jarugumilli Gopala K. , Zhu Chunyin , Cook Silas P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe use of toluene allows for allylic and benzylic alkylation of zinc enolates, derived from an asymmetric copper‐catalyzed conjugate addition of dialkylzinc, using a range of valuable electrophiles. The one‐pot procedure avoids the use of additional transition‐metal catalysts and does not require highly activated electrophiles.
1,4‐Phenylene‐Bridged Hexaphyrin Dimers
Authors: Mori Hirotaka , Aratani Naoki , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: February 2012

Abstract1,4‐Phenylene‐bridged [26]hexaphyrin dimer 3 was synthesized by the condensation of 1,4‐phenylene‐bridged tetrapyrrole carbinol 7 with tetrapyrromethane 8. The dimeric structure of 3 was confirmed by X‐ray analysis. 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that 3 and its [28]hexaphyrin congeners 4 exist as conformational mixtures in solution. Such conformational dynamics were found to be frozen for their RhI complexes 9, which were prepared by RhI metalation of 4. Complexes 9 were quantitatively oxidized by MnO2 to [26]hexaphyrn dimers 10 without conformational change. The structure of 10LL‐dl was determined by X‐ray analysis to confirm the caterpillar‐type conformational isomerization. The RhI complexes 9 constitute rare examples of covalently linked, antiaromatic porphyrinoid dimers.
Genotoxicity of styrene–acrylonitrile trimer in brain, liver, and blood cells of weanling F344 rats
Authors: Hobbs Cheryl A. , Chhabra Rajendra S. , Recio Leslie , Streicker Michael , Witt Kristine L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractStyrene–acrylonitrile Trimer (SAN Trimer), a by‐product in production of acrylonitrile styrene plastics, was identified at a Superfund site in Dover Township, NJ, where childhood cancer incidence rates were elevated for a period of several years. SAN Trimer was therefore tested by the National Toxicology Program in a 2‐year perinatal carcinogenicity study in F344/N rats and a bacterial mutagenicity assay; both studies gave negative results. To further characterize its genotoxicity, SAN Trimer was subsequently evaluated in a combined micronucleus (MN)/Comet assay in juvenile male and female F344 rats. SAN Trimer (37.5, 75, 150, or 300 mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage once daily for 4 days. Micronucleated reticulocyte (MN‐RET) frequencies in blood were determined by flow cytometry, and DNA damage in blood, liver, and brain cells was assessed using the Comet assay. Highly significant dose‐related increases (P < 0.0001) in MN‐RET were measured in both male and female rats administered SAN Trimer. The RET population was reduced in high dose male rats, suggesting chemical‐related bone marrow toxicity. Results of the Comet assay showed significant, dose‐related increases in DNA damage in brain cells of male (P < 0.0074) and female (P < 0.0001) rats; increased levels of DNA damage were also measured in liver cells and leukocytes of treated rats. Chemical‐related cytotoxicity was not indicated in any of the tissues examined for DNA damage. The results of this subacute MN/Comet assay indicate induction of significant genetic damage in multiple tissues of weanling F344 male and female rats after oral exposure to SAN Trimer. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A dynamic model using monitoring data and watershed characteristics to project fish tissue mercury concentrations in stream systems
Authors: Chan Caroline , Heinbokel John F , Myers John A , Jacobs Robert R 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A complex interplay of factors determines the degree of bioaccumulation of Hg in fish in any particular basin. Although certain watershed characteristics have been associated with higher or lower bioaccumulation rates, the relationships between these characteristics are poorly understood. To add to this understanding, a dynamic model was built to examine these relationships in stream systems. The model follows Hg from the water column, through microbial conversion and subsequent concentration, through the food web to piscivorous fish. The model was calibrated to 7 basins in Kentucky and further evaluated by comparing output to 7 sites in, or proximal to, the Ohio River Valley, an underrepresented region in the bioaccumulation literature. Water quality and basin characteristics were inputs into the model, with tissue concentrations of Hg of generic trophic level 3, 3.5, and 4 fish the output. Regulatory and monitoring data were used to calibrate and evaluate the model. Mean average prediction error for Kentucky sites was 26%, whereas mean error for evaluation sites was 51%. Variability within natural systems can be substantial and was quantified for fish tissue by analysis of the US Geological Survey National Fish Database. This analysis pointed to the need for more systematic sampling of fish tissue. Analysis of model output indicated that parameters that had the greatest impact on bioaccumulation influenced the system at several points. These parameters included forested and wetlands coverage and nutrient levels. Factors that were less sensitive modified the system at only 1 point and included the unfiltered total Hg input and the portion of the basin that is developed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012; 8: 709–722. © 2012 SETAC
Water Quality and Biotic Community of a Highland Stream under the Influence of a Eutrophic Fishpond
Authors: Kopp Radovan , Vítek Tomáš , Štastný Jan , Sukop Ivo , Brabec Tomáš , Ziková Andrea , Spurný Petr , Mareš Jan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe influence of the fishpond on the chemical composition of the stream was mainly demonstrated by a higher concentration of organic matter and total phosphorus. Altogether, 128 species of algae and cyanobacteria were recorded in the stream. The species richness of phytobenthos per site was very similar. We observed the presence of typical phytoplankton species among the phytobenthos assemblages. Cyanobacteria species (Woronichinia naegeliana) were particularly dominant in the phytoplankton of the fishpond in autumn. Altogether, we identified 164 taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates in running waters of the stream. The structure of macrozoobenthos communities from all localities of the stream indicated good water quality and a low influence of environmental stressors with no negative effects of the fishpond. In total, six fish species were registered in all profiles. The condition of the fish population was mainly influenced by the fishery management of the stream (stocking, angling). Generally, the influence of the discharge water from the fishpond was recognizable in small changes in both chemical and biological variables of the stream. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The impact of parental gender, catastrophizing and situational threat upon parental behaviour to child pain: A vignette study
Authors: Goubert L. , Vervoort T. , De Ruddere L. , Crombez G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined which parents report to be solicitous or discouraging in response to their child's pain, and when they do so.MethodsUsing a vignette methodology, mothers (n = 472) and fathers (n = 271) imagined their child in pain situations varying in duration (1 day or several weeks) and cause of pain (known or unknown biomedical cause).ResultsIn general, fathers demonstrated similar tendencies toward solicitousness than mothers, but reported to engage more in discouraging behaviours. In line with expectations, parents who catastrophized about their child's pain reported a higher inclination to engage in solicitous behaviours. Only for fathers, high catastrophizing was also related to a higher report of discouraging behaviours. However, the effects of catastrophizing differed across situations varying in duration and cause of pain. Specifically, the effect of parental catastrophizing upon self‐reported solicitous behaviours was particularly strong when imagining their child in pain with unknown biomedical cause. Further, high catastrophizing in fathers only translated in a higher inclination for discouraging responses when imagining their child in pain of short duration.ConclusionsThe findings of the current study highlight the importance of parental catastrophizing in explaining parental behavioural tendencies in response to their child in pain. Further, reported behaviours were found to vary across pain situations, attesting to the importance of studying parental behaviour ‘in context’.
Toxicity assessment and vitellogenin expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae acutely exposed to bisphenol A, endosulfan, heptachlor, methoxychlor and tetrabromobisphenol A
Authors: Chow Wing Shan , Chan Winson Ka‐Lun , Chan King Ming 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTOrganochlorine pesticides and brominated flame retardants, such as tetrabromobisphenol A and polybrominated diphenyl ethers, pose an environmental hazard owing to their persistence, low solubility and estrogenic effects, and concerns have been raised regarding their effects on aquatic biota. In the present study, zebrafish embryos and larvae were used as a model to investigate the sublethal and lethal effects of three different organochlorine pesticides, namely methoxychlor, endosulfan and heptachlor, as well as the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A, and its precursor compound bisphenol A. Preliminary data for chemical exposure tests were obtained by determining the 96 h median effective concentration EC50 (hatching rate) and 96 h median lethal concentration LC50. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the gene expression levels of the biomarker vitellogenin (vtg1) after 96 h exposures to 10, 25, 50 and 75% of the 96 h EC50 value for embryos and 96 h LC50 value for larvae. The use of vtg1 mRNA induction in zebrafish embryos and larvae was found to be a sensitive biomarker of exposure to these organic compounds, and was helpful in elucidating their adverse effects and setting water quality guidelines. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 has an essential role in arsenite‐induced expression of FOS, EGR1 and IL8 mRNA in cultured human cell lines
Authors: Suzuki Toshihide , Kita Kayoko , Ochi Takafumi 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTTrivalent inorganic arsenite [iAs(III)] is known to alter the expression of a number of genes associated with transcription and cell proliferation, which was thought to be one of the possible mechanisms of arsenical carcinogenesis. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying iAs(III) induction of changes in gene expression are not fully understood. Here we examine the role of histone H3 phosphorylation at serine 10 (Ser10) in gene regulation when the cells were treated with iAs(III). Among the 34 genes tested, iAs(III) induced mRNA expression of JUN, FOS, EGR1, HMOX1, HSPA1A, IL8, GADD45A, GADD45B and GADD153. Phosphorylation of histone H3 Ser10 was induced by iAs(III) in interphase cells, and was effectively blocked by the ERKs pathway inhibitor (U0126). U0126 treatment significantly reduced constitutive mRNA expression of FOS and EGR1, and dramatically suppressed the induction of FOS, EGR1 and IL8 mRNA in iAs(III)‐treated cells. The other genes, which were induced by iAs(III), were not affected by U0126 treatment. When the histone H3 nonphosphorylatable mutant of serine 10 (S10A) was overexpressed in cells, iAs(III) induction of FOS, EGR1and IL8 expression was significantly decreased as compared with wild‐type cells. The other genes induced by iAs(III) were not changed in S10A cells nor by U0126 treatment. In addition, S10A cells were more resistant to iAs(III) cytotoxicity. These results indicated that the phosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser10 through the ERKs pathway in interphase cells is an important regulatory event for iAs(III)‐mediated gene expression. Aberrant gene expression seems to be an important cause of cytotoxicity and may have some relation to iAs(III) carcinogenicity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cut costs using working capital management: Part 2
Authors: Sagner James S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe March‐April 2011 issue of JCAF included the first part of an article by this author on cutting costs by focusing on working capital. This second part of the article covers the next step: how to determine current practice, or the “base” case. Documenting that status helps a firm decide whether change is necessary and feasible—and how much the change will cost.The author demonstrates a useful approach that has been successfully applied to a variety of corporate clients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring corporate wellness performance using the wellness scorecard
Authors: Berley Marisa , Berley Alexandra , Brewer Peter C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHealth care costs have risen enormously in recent years. You can help create and maintain performance measures that influence how senior leaders perceive health care costs and how they make funding decisions with respect to programs intended to reduce those costs. In particular, this article explains how to implement a comprehensive corporate wellness program (CWP) and a performance measurement system called a wellness scorecard, which can be used to track CWPs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rational expense reduction: Lean budgeting at Irving Oil
Authors: Carr Lawrence , Lawler William , Reny Joseph 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe downturn in the global economy has made companies across all industries cut expenses to meet investor expectations. But if these cuts aren't done in a rational manner, they can lead to dysfunctional behavior that can just intensify the economic pressures worse. This article describes an action‐based development program jointly designed by Irving Oil, a Canadian regional energy processing company, and Babson College, a leading provider of executive education. The focus of the program was to meet top management goals for expense reduction, while, in the longer run, building a culture of lean management. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.