bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CH3OH + 2H (2Sg) hydrogen abstraction reactions occurring in the presence of a copper tetramer: A DFT study
Authors: Ferrão Luiz Fernando Araujo , Roberto‐Neto Orlando , Machado Francisco Bolivar Correto 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe density functional approximation M05 with 6‐31G** and m‐6‐31G* basis sets were used to calculate the classical barrier heights, structures, reaction energies, and enthalpies of the hydrogen abstraction reaction paths of 2H + (CH3OH)·Cu4 → 2H2 + (COH2)·Cu4, which is a prototype system for dehydrogenation of methanol catalyzed by copper clusters, consisting of two sequential elementary reactions of the methanol combustion mechanism. Electronic structure and intermolecular/intramolecular bond energies were computed as well as the energy variations for the reaction both free and in the presence of the tetramer copper cluster. It was observed that the first dehydrogenation path, related to the abstraction from hydroxyl group of methanol, shows no classical barrier in this level of calculation. We have demonstrated that the planar rhombus cluster Cu4 has bonding properties which mimic quantitatively catalytic properties for some elementary reactions in the methanol combustion mechanism. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A triple‐jaw actuated and sensorized instrument for grasping large organs during minimally invasive robotic surgery
Authors: Mirbagheri Alireza , Farahmand Farzam 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundSecure grasping and effective manipulation of delicate large organs during robotic surgery operations needs especially designed instruments that can enclose a large amount of tissue and feed back the pinch forces.MethodsA large organ triple‐jaw grasper was instrumented using practical force sensory and actuating systems. A force tracking scheme was proposed to facilitate auto‐grasping of large organs during robotic teleoperation surgery. An on‐site force commanding/reflecting mechanism was also implemented to use the device as an independent hand‐held robotic instrument. The efficacy of the robotic grasper was examined in phantom tests.ResultsThe instrument grasped large soft objects effectively and safely with accurately measured and controlled pinch forces. Furthermore, it could characterize the overall mechanical behavior of the grasping objects.ConclusionsThe instrument designed provides a potential solution for the safe and effective grasping and manipulation of large abdominal organs, either as a hand‐held device, or in a teleoperation framework. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Swendsen‐Wang and heat‐bath dynamics
Authors: Ullrich Mario 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe prove that the spectral gap of the Swendsen‐Wang process for the Potts model on graphs with bounded degree is bounded from below by some constant times the spectral gap of any single‐spin dynamics. This implies rapid mixing for the two‐dimensional Potts model at all temperatures above the critical one, as well as rapid mixing at the critical temperature for the Ising model. After this we introduce a modified version of the Swendsen‐Wang algorithm for planar graphs and prove rapid mixing for the two‐dimensional Potts models at all non‐critical temperatures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 42, 520–535, 2013
A security authentication scheme in machine‐to‐machine home network service
Authors: Sun Xuebin , Men Shuang , Zhao Chenglin , Zhou Zheng 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMachine‐to‐machine (M2M) techniques have significant application potential in the emerging internet of things, which may cover many fields from intelligence to ubiquitous environment. However, because of the data exposure when transmitted via cable, wireless mobile devices, and other technologies, its security vulnerability has become a great concern during its further extending development. This problem may even get worse if the user privacy and property are considered. Therefore, the authentication process of communicating entities has attracted wide investigation. Meanwhile, the data confidentiality also becomes an important issue in M2M, especially when the data are transmitted in a public and thereby insecure channel. In this paper, we propose a promising M2M application model that connects a mobile user with the home network using the existing popular Time Division‐Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD‐SCDMA) network. Subsequently, a password‐based authentication and key establishment protocol is designed to identify the communicating parties and hence establish a secure channel for data transmissions. The final analysis shows the reliability of our proposed protocol. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are groups more rational than individuals? A review of interactive decision making in groups
Authors: Kugler Tamar , Kausel Edgar E. , Kocher Martin G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMany decisions are interactive; the outcome of one party depends not only on its decisions or on acts of nature but also on the decisions of others. Standard game theory assumes that individuals are rational, self‐interested decision makers—that is, decision makers are selfish, perfect calculators, and flawless executors of their strategies. A myriad of studies shows that these assumptions are problematic, at least when examining decisions made by individuals. In this article, we review the literature of the last 25 years on decision making by groups. Researchers have compared the strategic behavior of groups and individuals in many games: prisoner's dilemma, dictator, ultimatum, trust, centipede and principal–agent games, among others. Our review suggests that results are quite consistent in revealing that group decisions are closer to the game‐theoretic assumption of rationality than individual decisions. Given that many real‐world decisions are made by groups, it is possible to argue that standard game theory is a better descriptive model than previously believed by experimental researchers. We conclude by discussing future research avenues in this area. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:471–482. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1184This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Implementation of a biotechnological process for vat dyeing with woad
Authors: Osimani Andrea , Aquilanti Lucia , Baldini Gessica , Silvestri Gloria , Butta Alessandro , Clementi Francesca 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The traditional process for vat dyeing with woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) basically relies on microbial reduction of indigo to its soluble form, leucoindigo, through a complex fermentative process. In the 19th century, cultivation of woad went into decline and use of synthetic indigo dye and chemical reduction agents was established, with a consequent negative impact on the environment due to the release of polluting wastewaters by the synthetic dyeing industry. Recently, the ever-growing demand for environmentally friendly dyeing technologies has led to renewed interest in ecological textile traditions. In this context, this study aims at developing an environmentally friendly biotechnological process for vat dyeing with woad to replace use of polluting chemical reduction agents. Two simple broth media, containing yeast extract or corn steep liquor (CSL), were comparatively evaluated for their capacity to sustain the growth and reducing activity of the strain Clostridium isatidis DSM 15098T. Subsequently, the dyeing capacity of the CSL medium added with 140 g L−1 of woad powder, providing 2.4 g L−1 of indigo dye, was evaluated after fermentation in laboratory bioreactors under anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions. In all fermentations, a sufficiently negative oxidation/reduction potential for reduction of indigo was reached as early as 24 h and maintained up to the end of the monitoring period. However, clearly faster indigo dye reduction was seen in the broth cultures fermented under strict anaerobiosis, thus suggesting the suitability of the N2 flushing strategy for enhancement of bacterial-driven indigo reduction.
Proximate Analysis of Adenanthera pavonina L. Seed Oil, a Source of Lignoceric Acid Grown in Pakistan
Authors: Sultana Razia , Gulzar Tahsin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAdenanthera pavonina L. is indigenous to Pakistan a proximate analysis of the seeds was carried out and a physicochemical characterization of the seed oil and also a quality evaluation of the oil was made. The hexane‐extracted oil content of the seed was 13.32 ± 0.55 %. Analysis showed the seed of A.pavonina contained appreciable amounts of protein (22.14 ± 0.78 %). Fiber and ash contents were 3.13 ± 0.64 and 4.53 ± 0.47 %, respectively. Triacylglycerol (97.51 ± 1.12 %) was predominantly present in the seed oil. Unsaponifiable matter (0.95 ± 0.10 %), peroxide value (11.43 ± 0.51 mequiv./kg) and saponification value (196.3 ± 0.87 mg of KOH/g of oil), iodine value (83.73 ± 1.18 g I/100 g oil) are in close agreement with the edible seed oils. α‐Tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol 152.33 ± 13.19 mg/kg of oil while sterols are present at a significant level. Linoleic acid (42.97 ± 0.91 %) and oleic acid (17.89 ± 0.54 %) were found predominantly in unsaturated fatty acids while lignoceric acid (20.24 ± 1.12 %) was the predominant one among the saturated fatty acids. Lignoceric acid is rarely found in seed which is an essential nutrient for growth, development and maintenance of the brain. It is concluded that A.pavonina seeds appear to be a potential source of lignoceric acid and linoleic acid. This oil can be utilized in the manufacture of cosmetics, paints, varnishes, soaps, pharmaceutical products, biodiesel and blended formulations. The high protein content revealed that the seeds could be a good source of energy.
Regulation of oocyte meiotic maturation by somatic cells
Authors: Shimada Masayuki 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn preovulatory follicles, each oocyte is surrounded by numerous layers of cumulus cells, forming the cumulus cell–oocyte complex. An LH surge induces meiotic resumption of the oocyte to progress to metaphase II. Because the expression of LH receptors is not detected in the oocyte and is minimal (negligible) in cumulus cells as compared with granulosa cells, secondary factors from granulosa cells are required to induce the ovulation process. One of the key factors secreted from granulosa cells is an EGF‐like factor that activates the EGFR–ERK1/2 pathway in cumulus cells. The activated ERK1/2 pathway is not only involved in gene expression but also essential for the close of gap‐junctional communication among cumulus cells and between cumulus cells and the oocyte. Closing gap‐junctional communication decreases the amount of cGMP and/or cAMP to transfer into the oocyte, which requires activation of phosphodiesterase type III (PDE3) in the oocyte. PDE3 brakes down cAMP to decrease PKA activity in the oocyte. This decrease in PKA activity induces activation of CDK1 to resume meiosis from the germinal vesicle stage. Thus, the functions of cumulus cells that are regulated by granulosa cell‐secreted factors are essential for oocyte meiotic resumption and maturation with developmental competence.
Interaction of a strong shockwave with a gas bubble in a liquid medium: a numerical study
Authors: Hawker N. A. , Ventikos Y. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe interaction of a shockwave with a gas bubble in a liquid medium is of interest in a variety of areas, e.g. shockwave lithotripsy, cavitation damage and the study of sonoluminescence. This study employs a high-resolution front-tracking framework to numerically investigate this phenomenon. The modelling paradigm is validated extensively and then used to explore the parametric space of interest. We provide a comprehensive qualitative analysis of the collapse process, which we categorize into three phases, based on the principal feature dominating each phase. This results in the characterization of numerous previously unidentified features important in the evolution of the process and in the emergence of peak temperatures and pressures. For example, we discover that the peak pressure does not occur as a result of the impact of the main transverse jet (also called the re-entrant jet) but later in the collapse. We perform fully three-dimensional simulations, showing that three-dimensional instabilities are limited to the small-scale details of collapse, and continue by comparing collapse of cylindrical and spherical bubbles. We detail a parametric investigation varying the shock strength from 100 MPa to 100 GPa. A counter-intuitive discovery is that the maximum gas density decreases with increasing shock strength.
Views of children and parents on limiting unhealthy food, drink and alcohol sponsorship of elite and children's sports
Authors: Kelly Bridget , Baur Louise A , Bauman Adrian E , King Lesley , Chapman Kathy , Smith Ben J 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine parents’ and children's attitudes towards food, beverage and alcohol sponsorship of elite and children's sports and the acceptability of policies and alternative funding models to limit this sponsorship.DesignTelephone surveys were conducted with parents in February–May 2011. One child from each household was invited to complete an online survey. Surveys assessed parents’ perceptions about the influence of sponsorship on children and support for limiting sponsorship, and children's awareness of and attitudes towards sponsors.SettingRandomly sampled households in New South Wales, Australia.SubjectsParents (n 825) and children aged 10–16 years (n 243).ResultsThree-quarters of parents supported the introduction of policies to restrict unhealthy food, beverage and alcohol sponsorship of children's and elite sports. More parents (81 %) supported the introduction of alternative funding models to allow these companies to sponsor sport provided there was no visible branding. Two-thirds of children recalled sponsors of their favourite elite sports team/athlete, with 428 sponsors recalled. Of these, 11 % were food/beverage companies and 3 % were alcohol-related. For 39 % of sponsors, children reported feeling better about the company after it had sponsored a team/athlete.ConclusionsAustralian parents support restrictions on unhealthy food, beverage and alcohol sport sponsorship. Children's positive associations regarding sponsors are likely to be linked to brand preferences and usage.
Correlates of anaemia in pregnant urban South Indian women: a possible role of dietary intake of nutrients that inhibit iron absorption
Authors: Samuel Tinu Mary , Thomas Tinku , Finkelstein Julia , Bosch Ronald , Rajendran Ramya , Virtanen Suvi M , Srinivasan Krishnamachari , Kurpad Anura V , Duggan Christopher 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo identify correlates of anaemia during the first trimester of pregnancy among 366 urban South Indian pregnant women.DesignCross-sectional study evaluating demographic, socio-economic, anthropometric and dietary intake data on haematological outcomes.SettingA government maternity health-care centre catering predominantly to the needs of pregnant women from the lower socio-economic strata of urban Bangalore.SubjectsPregnant women (n366) aged ≥18 and ≤40 years, who registered for antenatal screening at ≤14 weeks of gestation.ResultsMean age was 22·6 (sd3·4) years, mean BMI was 20·4 (sd3·3) kg/m2and 236 (64·5 %) of the pregnant women were primiparous. The prevalence of anaemia (Hb <11·0 g/dl) was 30·3 % and of microcytic anaemia (anaemia with mean corpuscular volume <80 fl) 20·2 %. Mean dietary intakes of energy, Ca, Fe and folate were well below the Indian RDA. In multivariable log-binomial regression analysis, anaemia was independently associated with high dietary intakes of Ca (relative risk; 95 % CI: 1·79; 1·16, 2·76) and P (1·96; 1·31, 2·96) and high intake of meat, fish and poultry (1·94; 1·29, 2·91).ConclusionsLow dietary intake of multiple micronutrients, but higher intakes of nutrients that inhibit Fe absorption such as Ca and P, may help explain high rates of maternal anaemia in India.
What's on the menu? A review of the energy and nutritional content of US chain restaurant menus
Authors: Wu Helen W , Sturm Roland 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to (i) describe the availability of nutrition information in major chain restaurants, (ii) document the energy and nutrient levels of menu items, (iii) evaluate relationships with restaurant characteristics, menu labelling andtransfat laws, and nutrition information accessibility, and (iv) compare energy and nutrient levels against industry-sponsored and government-issued nutrition criteria.DesignDescriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis of the energy, total fat, saturated fat,transfat, sodium, carbohydrate and protein levels of 28 433 regular and 1833 children's menu items.SettingEnergy and nutrition information provided on restaurant websites or upon request, and secondary databases on restaurant characteristics.SubjectsThe top 400 US chain restaurants by sales, based on the 2009 list of theRestaurants & Institutionsmagazine.ResultsComplete nutrition information was reported for 245 (61 %) restaurants. Appetizers had more energy, fat and sodium than all other item types. Children's menu specialty beverages had more fat, saturated fat and carbohydrates than comparable regular menu beverages. The majority of main entrées fell below one-third of the US Department of Agriculture's estimated daily energy needs, but as few as 3 % were also within limits for sodium, fat and saturated fat. Main entrées had significantly more energy, fat and saturated fat in family-style restaurants than in fast-food restaurants. Restaurants that made nutrition information easily accessible on websites had significantly lower energy, fat and sodium contents across menu offerings than those providing information only upon request.ConclusionsThe paper provides a comprehensive view of chain restaurant menu nutrition prior to nationwide labelling laws. It offers baseline data to evaluate how restaurants respond after laws are implemented.
Validation and quality control of replacement alternatives – current status and future challenges
Authors: Leist Marcel , Hasiwa Nina , Daneshian Mardas , Hartung Thomas 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAlternatives to animal testing have been developed mainly in the fields of toxicology and vaccine testing. Typical examples are the evaluation of phototoxicity, eye irritation or skin corrosion/irritation of cosmetics and industrial chemicals. However, examples can also be found in other biomedical areas, such the control of the quality of drug preparations for pyrogens or for the control of the production process of biologics, such as botulinum neurotoxin. For regulatory purposes, the quality, transferability and predictivity of an alternative method needs to be evaluated. This procedure is called the “validation process” of a new method. It follows defined rules, and several governmental institutions have been established to perform, supervise or advise on this process. As this often results in a delay of method implementation, different alternatives for the evaluation of a method's suitability and quality are under discussion. We describe here the principles of model development and quality control. We also give an overview on methods that have undergone validation. Strengths and shortcomings of traditional approaches are discussed, and new developments and challenges are outlined.
Perennial herbaceous crops with potential for biofuel production in the temperate regions of the USA.
Authors: Voigt T. B. , Lee D. K. , Kling G. J. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

As the US government in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 has mandated that 60.5 billion litres of advanced biofuels are to come from cellulosic sources in the near future, there is increasing need to produce high-yielding, well-adapted and renewable bioenergy crops. Moreover, the US Department of Energy's 'Billion-Ton Update: Bioenergy Supply for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry' predicts that the temperate regions of the USA will contribute much cellulosic feedstock. In this review, the authors focus on herbaceous crops in the temperate regions of the USA and the potential these crops have to contribute to the production of advanced biofuels in the future. Featured are examinations of perennial grasses including
Andropogon gerardii
,
Arundo donax
,
Miscanthus
×
giganteus
,
Panicum virgatum
,
Phalaris arundinacea
,
Sorghastrum nutans
and
Spartina pectinata
; polystands represented by the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and tallgrass prairie; and the broadleaved herbaceous crops (forbs)
Helianthus grosseserratus
,
Sida hermaphrodita
,
Silphium perfoliatum
,
Solidago gigantea
and
Vernonia gigantea
. Growth characteristics, and when available, yield information is presented for each individual crop or mixed planting system. When the agronomics have been determined, individual species, rather than polystands, have been most commonly employed in the existing biomass production.
P. virgatum
(switchgrass) is an example of an herbaceous crop that has been grown in monostands in temperate regions of the USA. Conversely, CRP lands and tallgrass prairie have provided the benefits of multifunctional polystands that can improve water quality, air quality, soil erosion, greenhouse-gas emission, wildlife habitat, aesthetics, employment and rural communities along with net biomass productivity. Biomass yield information for many herbaceous crops is limited.
The EU's health claims legislation: how much evidence is enough?
Authors: Lalor F. , Wall P. G. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Health-enhancing or functional foods are designed to improve health. The food industry uses health claims to describe the properties of these foods and these are regulated all over the world. In the European Union, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), under Regulation 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims reviews applications by the food industry for approval for these claims. Most of these have been rejected and 'cause and effect relationship has not been established' is the most common explanation by EFSA for rejecting the applications. However, each opinion published by EFSA needs to be considered on its own merits to fully understand the rationale for EFSA's decision. Well-designed human intervention trials are essential components of a successful opinion from EFSA. Certain common features exist for these trials, e.g. suitable target population, suitable controls for the intervention, the substance being used in the intervention is the same as that to be sold on the market place and more. More positive opinions have been published in more recent months than in the past and it seems that by studying EFSA opinions published in the past, lessons have been learnt as patterns begin to emerge. In terms of scientific expertise, the required standard has been set very high. EFSA will not establish any sort of precedent and publish a positive opinion for a claim that does not meet these high standards.
CalMaTe: a method and software to improve allele-specific copy number of SNP arrays for downstream segmentation
Authors: Ortiz-Estevez Maria , Aramburu Ander , Bengtsson Henrik , Neuvial Pierre , Rubio Angel 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Summary: CalMaTe calibrates preprocessed allele-specific copy number estimates (ASCNs) from DNA microarrays by controlling for single-nucleotide polymorphism-specific allelic crosstalk. The resulting ASCNs are on average more accurate, which increases the power of segmentation methods for detecting changes between copy number states in tumor studies including copy neutral loss of heterozygosity. CalMaTe applies to any ASCNs regardless of preprocessing method and microarray technology, e.g. Affymetrix and Illumina.
Availability: The method is available on CRAN (http://cran.r-project.org/) in the open-source R package calmate, which also includes an add-on to the Aroma Project framework (http://www.aroma-project.org/).
Contact: arubio@ceit.es
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.