bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular Economy in Tourism. An Opportunity for Hotel and Restoration Companies
Authors: Surdez-Pérez Edith Georgina , Sandoval-Caraveo María del Carmen , Velasco-Castellanos Jorge 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Circular Economy (CE) is an economic system focused on maintaining and increasing the economic value of goods through preservation, reduction, reuse and recycling, with the purpose of limiting and reducing environmental damage, impacting the quality of life of the beings that inhabit the planet. CE can provide the tourism sector with economic returns in the short term through the use and optimisation of resources, products and materials used to provide its services, and in the medium and long term because in tourism the conservation of nature is to a large extent what ensures the permanence of businesses. The aim of this conceptualisation work is to analyse the importance of the circular economy for the tourism sector, as well as to refer to research instruments and conclusions from various empirical studies on this topic. A qualitative and documentary type of research was carried out using scientific articles, documents generated by various organisations, among others. It is concluded that the components and benefits of CE are still not widely known by entrepreneurs in the tourism sector, mainly small businesses. Likewise, there is a shortage of research instruments to validate the CE construct for its measurement.
Modeling the Dynamics of Longitudinal Processes in Education. A Tutorial with R for the VaSSTra Method
Authors: López-Pernas Sonsoles , Saqr Mohammed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractModeling a longitudinal process in educational research brings a lot of variability over time. The modeling procedure becomes even harder when using multivariate continuous variables, e.g., clicks on learning resources, time spent online, and interactions with peers. In fact, most human behavioral constructs are an amalgam of interrelated features with complex fluctuations over time. Modeling such processes requires a method that takes into account the multidimensional nature of the examined construct as well as the temporal evolution. In this chapter we describe the VaSSTra method, which combines person-based methods, sequence analysis and life-events methods. Throughout the chapter, we discuss how to derive states from different variables related to students, how to construct sequences from students’ longitudinal progression of states, and how to identify and study distinct trajectories of sequences that undergo a similar evolution. We also cover some advanced properties of sequences that can help us analyze and compare trajectories. We illustrate the method through a tutorial using the R programming language.
Community Detection in Learning Networks Using R
Authors: Hernández-García Ángel , Cuenca-Enrique Carlos , Traxler Adrienne , López-Pernas Sonsoles , Conde-González Miguel Ángel , Saqr Mohammed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the field of social network analysis, understanding interactions and group structures takes a center stage. This chapter focuses on finding such groups, constellations or ensembles of actors who can be grouped together, a process often referred to as community detection, particularly in the context of educational research. Community detection aims to uncover tightly knit subgroups of nodes who share strong connectivity within a network or have connectivity patterns that demarcates them from the others. This chapter explores various algorithms and techniques to detect these groups or cohesive clusters. Using well-known R packages, the chapter presents the core approach of identifying and visualizing densely connected subgroups in learning networks.
Dissimilarity-Based Cluster Analysis of Educational Data: A Comparative Tutorial Using R
Authors: Murphy Keefe , López-Pernas Sonsoles , Saqr Mohammed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClustering is a collective term which refers to a broad range of techniques aimed at uncovering patterns and subgroups within data. Interest lies in partitioning heterogeneous data into homogeneous groups, whereby cases within a group are more similar to each other than cases assigned to other groups, without foreknowledge of the group labels. Clustering is also an important component of several exploratory methods, analytical techniques, and modelling approaches and therefore has been practiced for decades in education research. In this context, finding patterns or differences among students enables teachers and researchers to improve their understanding of the diversity of students—and their learning processes—and tailor their supports to different needs. This chapter introduces the theory underpinning dissimilarity-based clustering methods. Then, we focus on some of the most widely-used heuristic dissimilarity-based clustering algorithms; namely,K-means,K-medoids, and agglomerative hierarchical clustering. TheK-means clustering algorithm is described including the outline of the arguments of the relevant R functions and the main limitations and practical concerns to be aware of in order to obtain the best performance. We also discuss the relatedK-medoids algorithm and its own associated concerns and function arguments. We later introduce agglomerative hierarchical clustering and the related R functions while outlining various choices available to practitioners and their implications. Methods for choosing the optimal number of clusters are provided, especially criteria that can guide the choice of clustering solution among multiple competing methodologies—with a particular focus on evaluating solutions obtained using different dissimilarity measures—and not only the choice of the number of clustersKfor a given method. All of these issues are demonstrated in detail with a tutorial in R using a real-life educational data set.
A Construction of Einstein Solvmanifolds not Based on Nilsolitons
Authors: Conti Diego , Rossi Federico A. , Segnan Dalmasso Romeo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe construct indefinite Einstein solvmanifolds that are standard, but not of pseudo-Iwasawa type. Thus, the underlying Lie algebras take the form $$\mathfrak {g}\rtimes _D\mathbb {R}$$

g

⋊
D

R

, where $$\mathfrak {g}$$
g
is a nilpotent Lie algebra and D is a nonsymmetric derivation. Considering nonsymmetric derivations has the consequence that $$\mathfrak {g}$$
g
is not a nilsoliton, but satisfies a more general condition. Our construction is based on the notion of nondiagonal triple on a nice diagram. We present an algorithm to classify nondiagonal triples and the associated Einstein metrics. With the use of a computer, we obtain all solutions up to dimension 5, and all solutions in dimension $$\le 9$$

≤
9

that satisfy an additional technical restriction. By comparing curvatures, we show that the Einstein solvmanifolds of dimension $$\le 5$$

≤
5

that we obtain by our construction are not isometric to a standard extension of a nilsoliton.
The metal cofactor: stationary or mobile?
Authors: Hagedoorn Peter-Leon , Pabst Martin , Hanefeld Ulf 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Metal cofactors are essential for catalysis and enable countless conversions in nature. Interestingly, the metal cofactor is not always static but mobile with movements of more than 4 Å. These movements of the metal can have different functions. In the case of the xylose isomerase and medium-chain dehydrogenases, it clearly serves a catalytic purpose. The metal cofactor moves during substrate activation and even during the catalytic turnover. On the other hand, in class II aldolases, the enzymes display resting states and active states depending on the movement of the catalytic metal cofactor. This movement is caused by substrate docking, causing the metal cofactor to take the position essential for catalysis. As these metal movements are found in structurally and mechanistically unrelated enzymes, it has to be expected that this metal movement is more common than currently perceived.

Key points
• Metal ions are essential cofactors that can move during catalysis.
• In class II aldolases, the metal cofactors can reside in a resting state and an active state.
• In MDR, the movement of the metal cofactor is essential for substrate docking.

Graphical abstract
Long-term results after transoral outlet reduction (TORe) of the gastrojejunal anastomosis for secondary weight regain and dumping syndrome after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Lovis Jonathan , Fischli Stefan , Mongelli Francesco , Mühlhäusser Julia , Aepli Patrick , Sykora Martin , Scheiwiller Andreas , Metzger Jürg , Gass Jörn-Markus 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Bariatric surgery has been proven to be the most effective therapy for obesity and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most commonly performed procedure. However, weight regain and dumping syndrome occur over time. The transoral outlet reduction (TORe) procedure using an endoscopic suturing device may be an option to treat these conditions. We aimed to analyze outcome parameters and long-term results for this endoscopic technique.

Methods
A retrospective data analysis of patients who underwent TORe using an endoscopic suturing system at our institution from January 2015 to December 2020 was performed. A total of 71 subjects were included. Forty-five patients received the intervention for weight regain, 9 for dumping syndrome and 17 for both. The primary endpoint was weight stabilization or weight loss for subjects with weight regain, and resolution of symptoms for those with dumping syndrome. Secondary endpoints were intraoperative complications, procedure time, length of hospital stay and diameter of gastrojejunal anastomosis 1 year post-intervention.

Results
The median size of the gastrojejunal anastomosis was estimated at 30 mm before intervention, and after performing a median of 3 endoscopic sutures, the median estimated gastrojejunal anastomosis width was reduced to 9.5 mm. Eight perioperative complications occurred. Overall mean follow-up was 26.5 months. All interventions achieved weight stabilization or weight loss or resolution of dumping symptoms within the first 3 months, 98.2% at 12 months, 91.4% at 24 months and 75.0% at 48 months. In 22/26 subjects a persisting improvement of dumping syndrome was achieved.

Conclusions
TORe is a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of patients with dumping syndrome after laparoscopic RYGB, the effect on weight stabilization is less significant. A prospective randomized trial should be conducted to compare the effects of TORe with other surgical methods like banding the gastrojejunal anastomosis.
Genetic features of BEL-1-producing and KPC-2-producing E. coli from hospital wastewater: human source or sewages adaptation
Authors: Romero-Oraá Laura , Pulido Marina R. , Galán Fatima , Palacios María Victoria García , Pascual Alvaro , López-Cerero Lorena 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHospital sewage is an ecosystem that facilitates the transfer of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes and the interaction of human and environmental bacteria. In this environment, we have detected the presence of 7 KPC-2 and BEL-1 co-producing E. coli isolates of two different clones over a 10-month period in the same hospital. All isolates carried blaKPC-2 and the operon mer on the same IncP plasmid of similar size and an IncN plasmid of different size each clone carrying blaBEL-1. Both IncN-blaBEL-1 plasmids shared a 77 kb region containing blaBEL-1 alongside with fosE, blaOXA-10 and aac(6’)-1b genes in a class 3 integron within a Tn3 transposon. The major IncN plasmid contained in addition a region homolog to P1-like bacteriophage RCS47, including the lytic RepL and lysogenic proteins, but other phage regions were incomplete. The characters such as the temporal persistence in sewage, the absence of colonized patients in the hospital or in the region, the presence of a p1 phage-plasmid fusion and the infrequent class 3 integron as genetic platform would indicate that BEL-1-producing isolates could have been generated in situ by adaptation to human sewage. Part of the microbiota in these discharges could be explained by the interactions of sewage ecosystems and not derive directly from the hospital.
Predictability of combining Technetium-99m-galactosyl human serum albumin single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography and indocyanine green clearance test for posthepatectomy liver failure
Authors: Okajima Yukinori , Yanagisawa Shin , Yamada Akira , Notake Tsuyoshi , Shimizu Akira , Soejima Yuji , Fujinaga Yasunari 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the predictive ability of combining Technetium-99m-galactosyl human serum albumin (99mTc‑GSA) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) volume and plasma clearance rate of indocyanine green (ICGK) for posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF).

Materials and methods
Fifty patients who underwent 99mTc-GSA scintigraphy as a preoperative examination for segmentectomy or more from July 2021 to June 2023 were evaluated prospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). Total functional liver volume (t-FLV) and remnant FLV (r-FLV) were measured from 99mTc-GSA SPECT/CT image. Future liver remnant ICGK (ICGK-F) was calculated by ICGK and remnant liver volume from CT. Area under the curve (AUC) of ICGK-F, r-FLV, r-FLV/t-FLV, ICGK × r-FLV, ICGK × r-FLV/t-FLV was calculated to evaluate predictive ability of each parameter for PHLF.

Results
PHLF was occurred in 7 patients. AUC of ICGK × r-FLV was significantly higher than that of ICGK-F (0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96–1 vs 0.82; 95%CI: 0.64–0.96; p = 0.036). There was no significant difference between the AUC of r-FLV, r-FLV/t-FLV, ICGK × r-FLV/t-FLV and that of ICGK-F, respectively.

Conclusion
The combination of 99mTc‑GSA SPECT/CT volume and ICGK can predict PHLF more accurately than ICGK-F.
Use of waste fermented black carrot powder dried by different methods as a substitute in noodle production
Authors: Ozer Tugba , Yetisen Mehmet , Baltacioglu Cem , Baltacioglu Hande , Uslu Hasan , Tanguler Hasan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study delved into various aspects of noodle production, emphasizing the impact of waste fermented black carrot powder (WFBCP) concentration and drying techniques. Higher concentrations of WFBCP increased cooking times, particularly in freeze-dried (FD) samples, resulting in varying water absorption and notable cooking losses. Color variations, influenced by both WFBCP concentration and drying methods, led to generally darker hues in the FD samples. Significant differences in the water content were observed across treatments. Ash content increased significantly with higher WFBCP concentrations, particularly at 40%, indicating the impact of WFBCP on ash formation. Noodle samples exhibited a significant rise in oil content with increasing WFBCP concentration, reaching a peak at 20%. Total Phenolic Content notably increased at higher WFBCP concentrations, peaking at 40%, suggesting potential nutritional benefits. Similarly, antioxidant activity increased significantly with higher WFBCP concentrations, indicating enhanced protection against food oxidation. Total monomeric anthocyanin content surged with increased WFBCP concentration, establishing WFBCP as a noteworthy source of anthocyanins. HPLC analysis revealed elevated levels of phenolic compounds when WFBCP was added to noodles, with FD-WFBCP showing the highest content. Freeze-drying effectively preserved the phenolic compounds, while the protein content remained stable. Sensory analysis, conducted using a 0–10 scale, emphasized the impact of processing methods and WFBCP concentrations on attributes such as color, stickiness, chewing, flavor, and overall rating. This study underscores the importance of precise control over WFBCP concentrations and processing for enhancing noodle attributes. Principal component analysis, explaining 90.8% of the total variation, highlights distinct differences between control and treated samples.
Effects of Boric Acid on Oxidative Stress Parameters, Growth Performance and Blood Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
Authors: Öz Mustafa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a starting weight of 397.28 ± 3.21 g were fed different ratios (G1-0.00%, G2-0.010%, G3-0.025%, and G4-0.050%) of boric acid-supplemented feed for 140 days. The effects of dietary boric acid on oxidative stress parameters, growth performance, haematology and some biochemical parameters were investigated after the feeding period. The addition of boric acid to trout feed positively affected growth performance; the final weights of the groups were 928.15 ± 5.73 g, 955.87 ± 8.67 g, 994.24994,75 ± 7.46 g, and 976.80976,80 ± 6.26 g for the control group and the three experimental groups, respectively. The lowest feed conversation ratio (FCR) was 1.19 (G3) whereas the highest was 1.42 (G1). The lowest protein efficiency ratio was 1.63 (G1), while the highest was 1.95 (G3). In this study, it was observed that boric acid added to the feed changed muscle and blood oxidative stress parameters in rainbow trout, increased the growth performance of rainbow trout, and affected blood and biochemistry values.
Down Syndrome and Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Hom Brian , Boyd Natalie K. , Vogel Benjamin N. , Nishimori Nicole , Khoshnood Mellad M. , Jafarpour Saba , Nagesh Deepti , Santoro Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDown syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and has previously been associated with a variety of autoimmune disorders affecting multiple organ systems. The high prevalence of autoimmune disease, in conjunction with other inflammatory and infectious diseases, in this population suggests an intrinsic immune dysregulation associated with triplication of chromosome 21. Emerging data on the role of chromosome 21 in interferon activation, cytokine production, and activation of B-cell mediated autoimmunity are emerging hypotheses that may explain the elevated prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease, celiac disease, type I diabetes, autoimmune skin disease, and a variety of autoimmune neurologic conditions. As the life expectancy for individuals with Down syndrome increases, knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical features, management and underlying causes of these conditions will become increasingly important. Disorders such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis are prevalent in between 13 and 34% of individuals with Down syndrome but only 3% of the neurotypical population, a pattern similarly recognized in individuals with Celiac Disease (5.8% v 0.5–2%), alopecia areata (27.7% v. 2%), and vitiligo (4.4% v. 0.05–1.55%), respectively. Given the chronicity of autoimmune conditions, early identification and management can significantly impact the quality of life of individuals with Down syndrome. This comprehensive review will highlight common clinical autoimmune conditions observed in individuals with Down syndrome and explore our current understanding of the mechanisms of disease in this population.
Bifurcations and optical soliton perturbation for the Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel system with Kerr law of nonlinear refractive index
Authors: Tang Lu , Biswas Anjan , Yıldırım Yakup , Alshomrani Ali Saleh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper carries out the bifurcation analysis of the Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel model. The phase portrait analysis is carried out and the soliton solutions naturally emerge from the scheme. The intermediary functions are the Jacobi’s elliptic functions.
Early Conceptual Knowledge About Food
Authors: Gandolini Matteo , Borghini Andrea , Lafraire Jérémie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent research suggests that preschool (three- to six-years-old) children’s food cognition involves much more than the nutritional information usually conveyed by traditional food education programs. This review aims at collecting the empirical evidence documenting the richness of preschoolers’ conceptual knowledge about food. After introducing the relevance of the topic in the context of the research in early food rejection dispositions (Sect. 1), we draw from empirical contributions to propose the first classification of food knowledge in the field, which includes taxonomic (2.1.), relational (2.2.), and value-laden food knowledge (2.3.). Finally, in Sect. 3, we highlight some theoretical shortcomings of extant literature, suggesting that the account of food knowledge we propose could be employed to develop more effective educational strategies that mitigate early food rejection behaviors (e.g., food neophobia).Early conceptual knowledge about food.
Effect of laser power on weld microstructure of AA6082 sheets remote laser welded by circular beam wobbling
Authors: Avci Ugur , Franciosa Pasquale 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the combined effect of circular beam wobbling and varying laser power on crack formation, weld geometry, microstructure and hardness during remote laser welding of AA6082 alloy. AA6082 sheets of 2 mm thickness were joined in overlap weld configuration using wobbling mode remote laser welding at 4 kW, 3 kW and 2.5 kW. Full penetration was achieved in the joints made at 4 kW and 3 kW, with severe crack formation. Welds at 2.5 kW showed partial penetration and no cracks; however, porosity formation was observed. While no significant change was observed in the dendritic structure and compound contents in fusion zones with full penetration, compound clusters dominated by Cu and Si elements were revealed in the seam root region at 2.5 kW (partial penetration). In full penetration welds (4 and 3 kW), the hardness decreased in the center of the fusion zone but increased from the surface to the root zone. However, for the partial penetration weld (2.5 kW), a limited change in the hardness values determined in the same direction was observed.
The Ukrainian–Russian Armed Conflict and the Law of Neutrality: Continuity, Discontinuity, or Irrelevance?
Authors: Bartolini Giulio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article examines the role of the law of neutrality, namely the international legal regime defining the status of a State not party to an international armed conflict, in the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict by analyzing the legal justifications offered by States and scholars with reference to the provision of weapons to the belligerents. The findings reveal that different positions could be identified ranging from an approach that reflects continuity regarding the basic premises characterizing this legal regime, to the emergence of a relevant discontinuity regarding its traditional legal contours or, finally, solutions implying its current legal irrelevance, even if on multiple occasions States have refrained from framing their positions in clear legal terms. The diminishing relevance of the law of neutrality may eventually lead to a legal order where third-party involvement in conflicts becomes more common. At the same time, the ongoing crisis of the United Nations’ collective security system and violations of its basic principles might risk making traditional interpretations of the law of neutrality a legal component of the lawfare portfolio available to States violating the prohibition on using force, thus mandating a reassessment in its interpretation.
Finite solvable tidy groups whose orders are divisible by two primes
Authors: Beike Nicolas F. , Carleton Rachel , Costanzo David G. , Heath Colin , Lewis Mark L. , Lu Kaiwen , Pearce Jamie D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate finite solvable tidy groups. We classify the tidy $$\{ p, q \}$$

{
p
,
q
}

-groups. Combining this with a previous result, we are able to characterize the finite tidy solvable groups. Using this characterization, we bound the Fitting height of finite tidy solvable groups and we prove that the quotients of finite tidy solvable groups are tidy.