bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUATING REAL‐TIME VAR FORECASTS WITH AN INFORMATIVE DEMOCRATIC PRIOR
Authors: Wright Jonathan H. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYThis paper proposes Bayesian forecasting in a vector autoregression using a democratic prior. This prior is chosen to match the predictions of survey respondents. In particular, the unconditional mean for each series in the vector autoregression is centered around long‐horizon survey forecasts. Heavy shrinkage toward the democratic prior is found to give good real‐time predictions of a range of macroeconomic variables, as these survey projections are good at quickly capturing endpoint shifts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of corrosion protective polymeric coatings from a non‐edible seed oil
Authors: Alam M. , Shaik M. R. , Alandis N. M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this study, we have developed corrosion protective coatings material from Pongamia glabra seed oil. First, oil was converted to pongamia oil epoxy (POE). The resin was synthesized by the reaction of POE with phthalic acid to develop polyester (PE) and further treated with diethylene triamine (DTA) in different (20–35%wt) amount. The structural elucidation of POE and PE were carried out by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectroscopic techniques. Thermal behavior of PE‐30 was studied by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The coatings of PE‐DTA resins were prepared on mild steel strips to investigate their physico‐mechanical and corrosion performance. Corrosion protection of coated panels were examined in different corrosive media (3.5 wt% HCl, 3.5 wt% NaOH, 5.0 wt% NaCl) using potentiodynamic polarization and AC impedance. Thermal analyses revealed that PE‐30 may find application as eco‐friendly corrosion protective coating safely used up to 175°C.
Weld zone representation methods during the stretching of friction stir welded blanks with dissimilar sheet thickness: A study using numerical simulations
Authors: Ramulu P. J. , Narayanan R. G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this work, the validity of weld zone representation as single zone or double zone under varied weld conditions of friction stir welded (FSW) blanks with dissimilar thicknesses sheets is explored. During LDH test simulations, representative base material of 1.5 mm and 1.1 mm thickness is considered. It is observed that modeling FSW blanks with double zone assumption plays a vital role for accurate formability prediction. There are possibilities of obtaining multiple domains of weld conditions for the single zone and double zone assumption validity. The failure locations also affect the weld zone representation along with the critical error percentage difference between reference model (single zone) and double zone model FSW blanks. The number of single zone models has increased in transverse weld orientation and number of double zone models has increased in longitudinal weld orientation in the case of FSW blanks with dissimilar thickness as compared to similar thickness FSW blanks. A comparison is done between the limit strain values for single zone and double zone assumptions with reference model. The pattern that is observed in the load‐punch stroke behavior is also seen in limit strain comparison for weld zone representation.
Investigation of high ferriferous sulphide lead concentrates processing technology
Authors: Teymurova E. A. , Akhmedov M. M. , Manafov M. R. , Melikova I. G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article is dedicated to the investigations of the individual complex processing of the high ferriferrous sulphide lead concentrates by the way of lead blast furnace reducing melting. The data of the trials series of high ferriferrous lead sinters' reduction melting with the operating blast furnace have been presented. The results of investigations indicate that low lead losses with the slag (1.4÷1.8 wt.‐%) can be achieved by maintaining a slag composition of 38.4÷41.1 wt.‐% FeO and 0.70÷0.74 CaO/SiO2 ratio, with a lead sinter throughput – 55÷60 tonnes/m2 · day. The slag liquidus temperature is estimated to be ˜1170°C.
Investigation on the tribological‐mechanical behaviour of amorphous carbon coatings by load‐scanning tests
Authors: Hetzner H. , Schaufler J. , Pejić G. , Tremmel S. , Durst K. , Wartzack S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAmorphe Kohlenstoffschichten verfügen über ein vorteilhaftes tribologisches Verhalten. Auch ohne zusätzlichen Schmierstoff ermöglichen sie niedrige Reibwerte und gleichzeitig sind sie verschleißbeständig. Unter hoher Last sind amorphe Kohlenstoffschichten nach dem Stand der Technik jedoch nur begrenzt einsetzbar, weil sie mechanisch versagen. Über die konkreten Versagensmechanismen unter anwendungsnahen Bedingungen ist bislang aber nur wenig bekannt. In der hier vorgestellten Arbeit wurden zylindrische Proben aus einem Kaltarbeitsstahl mit zwei kommerziellen amorphen Kohlenstoffschichtsystemen beschichtet: ein WCC‐Schichtsystem mit a‐C:H:W‐Decklage und ein DLC‐Schichtsystem, dessen Aufbau auf dem des WCC‐Schichtsystems basiert, aber eine zusätzliche a‐C:H‐Decklage aufweist. Die beschichteten Proben wurden auf einem sogenannten Load Scanner im trockenen Gleitkontakt gegen unbeschichtete Proben desselben Stahlsubstrats getestet. In den Versuchen wurden die Proben mit einer Normalkraft zwischen 13 und 350 N belastet, was einer maximalen Flächenpressung zwischen 1 und 3 GPa entspricht. Die Anzahl der Lastzyklen wurde zwischen 1 und 60 variiert. Es wurde zum einen das lastabhängige Reibverhalten ermittelt. Zum anderen wurden die Versuche bei gestaffelter Zyklenzahl unterbrochen, sodass der Verschleiß‐ und Schädigungsfortschritt rasterelektronenmikroskopisch aufgeklärt werden konnte. Für beide Schichtsysteme wurde beobachtet, dass einer mechanischen Schädigung ein adhäsiver Übertrag von Stahl des Gegenkörpers vorangeht. Während das WCC‐Schichtsystem erst nach einigen Lastzyklen und bei Flächenpressungen von mehr als 2 GPa lokal zu versagen beginnt, zeigt sich für das DLC‐Schichtsystem bereits nach sehr wenigen Zyklen und über den gesamten untersuchten Lastbereich hinweg eine katastrophale Schädigung.
The efficacy of medicinal leeches in plastic and reconstructive surgery: A systematic review of 277 reported clinical cases
Authors: Whitaker Iain S. , Oboumarzouk Omar , Rozen Warren M. , Naderi Naghmeh , Balasubramanian S.P. , Azzopardi Ernest A. , Kon Moshe 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground: Although there are numerous case reports and small case series describing the experiences of leech therapy in various circumstances, there are relatively few large studies evaluating the effectiveness of leeching to relieve venous congestion. The therapeutic value of leeching is illustrated by these reports but the current literature lacks a cohesive summary of previous experiences. Methods: An electronic search of PubMed, the Cochrane library and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination between 1966 and 2009 was used to retrieve human studies published in the English language evaluating outcomes following leech therapy. The “success” and “failure” of leech therapy were the primary outcome measures and secondary outcomes included complications, number of leeches used, pharmacological adjuncts and blood transfusion requirements. Results: In total, out of 461 articles, 394 articles met the exclusion criteria. The 67 included papers reported on 277 cases of leech use with an age range of 2–81 years and a male to female ratio of almost 2:1. The overall reported “success” rate following leech therapy was 77.98% (216/277). In terms of secondary outcome measures, 49.75% of cases (N = 101) required blood transfusions, 79.05% received antibiotics (N = 166) and 54.29% received concomitant anticoagulant therapy. The overall complication rate was 21.8%. Conclusion: In the absence of robust randomized controlled trials on which the evidence may be based, this synthesis of current best evidence guides clinicians during the process of consenting patients and using leeches in their practice. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
The Risk of Guillain–Barré Syndrome Associated with Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine and 2009–2010 Seasonal Influenza Vaccines: Results from Self‐Controlled Analyses
Authors: Tokars Jerome I , Lewis Paige , DeStefano Frank , Wise Matthew , Viray Melissa , Morgan Oliver , Gargiullo Paul , Vellozzi Claudia 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emerging Infections Program implemented active, population‐based surveillance for Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) following H1N1 vaccines in 10 states/metropolitan areas. We report additional analyses of these data using self‐controlled methods, which avoid potential confounding from person‐level factors and co‐morbidities.MethodsSurveillance officers identified GBS cases with symptom onset during October 2009–April 2010 and ascertained receipt of H1N1 vaccines. We calculated self‐controlled relative risks by comparing the number of cases with onset during a risk interval 1–42 days after vaccination with cases with onset during fixed (days 43–84) or variable (days 43–end of study period) control intervals. We calculated attributable risks by applying statistically significant relative risks to an independent estimate of GBS incidence.ResultsFifty‐nine GBS cases received H1N1 vaccine with or without seasonal vaccine. The relative risk was 2.1 (95%CI 1.2, 3.5) by the variable‐window and 3.0 (95%CI 1.4, 6.4) by the fixed‐window analyses. The corresponding attributable risks per million doses administered were 1.5 (95%CI 0.3, 3.4) and 2.8 (95%CI 0.6, 7.4).ConclusionsThese attributable risks are similar to those of some previous formulations of seasonal influenza vaccine (about one to two cases per million doses administered), suggesting a low risk of GBS following the H1N1 vaccine that is not clearly higher than that of seasonal influenza vaccines. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Method for photovoltaic parameter extraction according to a modified double‐diode model
Authors: Bühler Alexandre José , Krenzinger Arno 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe variables presented in the current–voltage equation of a photovoltaic (PV) device are usually called PV parameters. There are several different methods for PV parameter extraction from measured data according to different models. However, many of these methods provide results that do not represent I–V curves of thin films devices correctly. This can occur because either the applied model or the PV parameter extraction methods are not suitable. It is also possible that the extracted parameters provide a good mathematical representation of the curves but without physical meaning (e.g. negative series resistance). This work presents a method for PV parameter extraction based on a modified double‐diode model. In this model, the ideality factor related to the recombination of the charge carriers in the space‐charge region is assumed as a variable. This method has been tested for different I–V curves of different PV module technologies providing very good results and parameters with physical meaning in all the cases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2D network simulation and luminescence characterization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film modules
Authors: Ott Thomas , Runai Francillina Robert , Schwäble Fabian , Walter Thomas 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTCu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film modules have achieved a high degree of maturity. A major challenge for a large volume production is the development of inline characterization tools allowing the detection and interpretation of defects and inhomogeneities. The combination of luminescence characterization (electroluminescence and photoluminescence) and electrical 2D network simulation is proposed to detect shunt defects, defective interconnects, and photocurrent inhomogeneities. Additionally, simulation allows the assessment of the impact of such defects on the module performance. Our approach enables the implementation of an early warning system in a production line, helps to identify the origin of a reduced module performance, and enhances the understanding of defects and inhomogeneities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two Tiers Emerging? School Choice and Educational Achievement Disparities among Young Migrants and Non‐migrants in Galway City and Urban Fringe
Authors: Ledwith Valerie , Reilly Kathy 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether migrant and non‐migrant students in Galway City and urban fringe have parity of educational outcomes. The Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development suggested such parity in its Review of Migrant Education in Ireland (2009) yet simultaneously suggested that the lack of survey data makes it difficult to gauge the experience of immigrant students. This paper uses survey data collected from over 500 students in Galway City and urban fringe to examine the educational achievement of migrant and non‐migrant youth attending second‐level schools in Galway City and urban fringe. In addition, the paper investigates the role of school choice in educational outcomes, acknowledging the complexities associated with the decision‐making process underpinning school choice and access. The paper combines multi‐level modelling and content analysis to explore the significance of a variety of social processes on school choice decision making and educational achievement. The paper highlights how differences in school‐level and individual‐level variables account for the apparent emergence of an achievement gap between young migrants and non‐migrants. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Double resonance Raman effects in InN nanowires
Authors: Domènech‐Amador N. , Cuscó R. , Calarco R. , Yamaguchi T. , Nanishi Y. , Artús L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe study the excitation wavelength dependence of the Raman spectra of InN nanowires. The $ E_1 ({\rm LO})$ phonon mode, which is detected in backscattering configuration because of light entering through lateral faces, exhibits an upward fre‐ quency shift that can be explained by Martin's double resonance. The $ E_1 ({\rm LO})$/$ E_2^h $ intensity ratio increases with the excitation wavelength more rapidly than the $A_1 ({\rm LO})/E_2^h $ ratio measured in InN thin films. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modular multiple sensors information management for computer‐integrated surgery
Authors: Vaccarella Alberto , Enquobahrie Andinet , Ferrigno Giancarlo , De Momi Elena 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundIn the past 20 years, technological advancements have modified the concept of modern operating rooms (ORs) with the introduction of computer‐integrated surgery (CIS) systems, which promise to enhance the outcomes, safety and standardization of surgical procedures. With CIS, different types of sensor (mainly position‐sensing devices, force sensors and intra‐operative imaging devices) are widely used. Recently, the need for a combined use of different sensors raised issues related to synchronization and spatial consistency of data from different sources of information.MethodsIn this study, we propose a centralized, multi‐sensor management software architecture for a distributed CIS system, which addresses sensor information consistency in both space and time. The software was developed as a data server module in a client–server architecture, using two open‐source software libraries: Image‐Guided Surgery Toolkit (IGSTK) and OpenCV. The ROBOCAST project (FP7 ICT 215190), which aims at integrating robotic and navigation devices and technologies in order to improve the outcome of the surgical intervention, was used as the benchmark. An experimental protocol was designed in order to prove the feasibility of a centralized module for data acquisition and to test the application latency when dealing with optical and electromagnetic tracking systems and ultrasound (US) imaging devices.ResultsOur results show that a centralized approach is suitable for minimizing synchronization errors; latency in the client–server communication was estimated to be 2 ms (median value) for tracking systems and 40 ms (median value) for US images.ConclusionThe proposed centralized approach proved to be adequate for neurosurgery requirements. Latency introduced by the proposed architecture does not affect tracking system performance in terms of frame rate and limits US images frame rate at 25 fps, which is acceptable for providing visual feedback to the surgeon in the OR. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal organ weight estimation by postmortem high‐field magnetic resonance imaging before 20 weeks' gestation
Authors: Votino C. , Verhoye M. , Segers V. , Cannie M. , Bessieres B. , Cos T. , Lipombi D. , Jani J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain whether high‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows accurate estimation of the weight of various fetal organs at postmortem before 20 weeks' gestation.MethodsFrom 23 fetuses at 9–20 weeks, following termination of pregnancy or in‐utero fetal death (IUFD), 207 assorted fetal organs were evaluated by high‐field MRI at 9.4 T prior to conventional autopsy. Fetal organ density was calculated by correlating volume and weight at autopsy using linear regression analysis, and this was used to estimate fetal organ weight by MRI. The relative error in MRI estimation of organ weight was calculated as follows: (|MRI weight − autopsy weight|/autopsy weight) × 100 (%). Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the effect on the relative error of MRI organ weight estimates of gestational age at TOP or delivery following IUFD, autopsy weight, fetal organ examined, IUFD and fetal maceration.ResultsOf the 207 organs evaluated, 133 (64%) were examined for fetal organ density and 155 (75%) for fetal organ weight. Fifty‐two organs were excluded from our analysis; 41 of these were from fetuses with IUFD, with 39 organs macerated. In 32 cases, exclusion was due to an inability to assess the organ both on MRI and on conventional autopsy. Volume and weight at autopsy correlated significantly, following the linear equation: autopsy volume = (0.9947 × autopsy weight) − 4.7556, where autopsy volume is in mm3 and weight is in mg (r = 0.99, P < 0.001). Overall the mean relative error in the MRI estimation of organ weight was 68%. Multiple regression analysis showed that the relative error in the MRI estimation of organ weight was significantly associated with gestational age at TOP or delivery following IUFD and fetal maceration, but not with autopsy weight, fetal organ examined or IUFD. In the subgroup of non‐macerated organs and for fetuses above 14 weeks' gestation, the mean relative error in the MRI estimation of organ weight was 34%.ConclusionIn fetuses before 20 weeks' gestation, noninvasive estimation of organ weight is feasible using high‐field MRI, but there is a mean overestimation. Limitations of the technique occur mainly in cases of small macerated fetuses before 14 weeks' gestation. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Trisulfate Pb[S3O10] and Theoretical Analysis of H2S3O10
Authors: Logemann Christian , Klüner Thorsten , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe reaction of (NH4)2PbCl6 and fuming sulfuric acid (65 % SO3) in a sealed glass tube at 250 °C led to colorless single crystals of Pb[S3O10] (orthorhombic, Pbcn, Z = 4, a = 10.9908(4), b = 8.5549(3), c = 8.0130(3) Å, V = 753.42(5) Å3). The compound shows a three‐dimensional linkage of the tenfold oxygen coordinated Pb2+ ions and exhibits the unusual trisulfate anion, [S3O10]2–, that consists of three vertex connected [SO4] tetrahedra. The distances S–O within the S–O–S bridges of the anion are remarkable asymmetric with distances of 155 and 169 pm, respectively. This structural feature is well reproduced by calculations on a PBE0/cc‐pVTZ and a MP2/cc‐pVTZ level of theory. Similar calculations allow also for an inspection of the yet unknown corresponding acid, H2S3O10. Also for this acid non‐symmetric S–O–S bridges are predicted. The thermal behavior of Pb[S3O10] is characterized by the loss of two equivalents of SO3 at low temperature and the decomposition of intermediate Pb[SO4] at higher temperature.
Molecular Structures, Reactivity, and NMR Spectroscopic Studies of Cyclic and Non‐cyclic Silyl‐substituted 1, 2‐Dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12) Derivatives
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Klimkina Elena V. , Milius Wolfgang 
Published: March 2012

AbstractNon‐cyclic and cyclic silyl‐substituted 1, 2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborane(12) derivatives were prepared mainly by salt elimination methods. Several known and new compounds were structurally characterized by X‐ray analysis in the solid state and by mulinuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 11B, 13C, 29Si, 77Se, and 125Te NMR) in solution. This includes the 1, 2‐bis(trimethylsilyl) and 1, 2‐bis(chlorodimethylsilyl) derivatives as examples for non‐cyclic compounds and a series of 1, 1, 3, 3‐tetramethyl‐4, 5‐[1, 2‐dicarba‐closo‐dodecaborano(12)]‐1, 3‐disila‐2‐element‐cyclopentanes (element = S, Se, Te). Numerous spin‐spin coupling constants were determined together with their signs. Molecular gas phase geometries for most compounds studied were optimized by calculations [B3Lyp/6‐311+G(d, p)], and NMR parameters were calculated at the same level of theory. The conversion of silyl‐substituted ortho‐carboranes into their respective 7, 8‐dicarba‐nido‐undecaborate(1‐) derivatives was explored successfully for several examples.
Metal‐Fluorocarbon Pyrolants. XIV: High Density‐High Performance Decoy Flare Compositions Based on Ytterbium/Polytetrafluoroethylene/Viton®
Authors: Koch Ernst‐Christian , Hahma Arno 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThree pyrotechnic compositions based on ytterbium /polytetrafluoroethylene/Viton® (YTV) 77/18/5, 82/13/5 and 87/8/5 wt.‐% were compared to a baseline magnesium /polytetrafluoroethylene/Viton® (MTV) 60/35/5 wt.‐% composition. YTV though energetically inferior to MTV both gravimetrically and volumetrically exhibit a radiance Lλ (W·sr–1·cm–2) superior to MTV in the important beta‐band (λ = 3.5–4.6 μm). This is assumed to be due to the selective emissivity of Yb2O3 which is formed in the afterburning zone of YTV. The emissivity of Yb2O3 is 7–10 times higher than that of MgO in the same spectral range. Due to the high density of ytterbium and the formulations based thereon YTV are promising candidates for autophagous nose cones for kinematic blackbody flares.
Predicting θ 13 and the neutrino mass scale from quark lepton mass hierarchies
Authors: Buchmüller W. , Domcke V. , Schmitz K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFlavour symmetries of Froggatt-Nielsen type can naturally reconcile the large quark and charged lepton mass hierarchies and the small quark mixing angles with the observed small neutrino mass hierarchies and their large mixing angles. We point out that such a flavour structure, together with the measured neutrino mass squared differences and mixing angles, strongly constrains yet undetermined parameters of the neutrino sector. Treating unknown$ \mathcal{O} $(1) parameters as random variables, we obtain surprisingly accurate predictions for the smallest mixing angle,$ {\text{si}}{{\text{n}}^{{2}}}{2}{\theta_{{{13}}}} = 0.0{7}_{{ - 0.05}}^{{ + 0.11}} $, the smallest neutrino mass,$ {m_{{1}}} = {2}.{2}_{{ - {1}.{4}}}^{{ + 1.7}} \times {1}{0^{{ - {3}}}}{\text{eV}} $, and one Majorana phase,$ {\alpha_{{{21}}}}/\pi = {1}.0_{{ - 0.2}}^{{ + 0.2}}. $