bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injection Medialization in Infants with Vocal Fold Immobility Improves Dysphagia
Authors: Siu Jennifer M , Amin Shaunak N. , Colyer Jessica , Horner Cassie , Bhat Aarti , Bohuta Lyubomyr , Chan Titus , Dahl John P. , Fridgen Jennifer , Johnson Kaalan , Yip Caitlin , Parikh Sanjay R. 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundUnilateral vocal fold immobility (VFI) is a known cause of morbidity amongst children following congenital heart surgery. Injection medialization (IM) provides medial distraction and improves glottic closure. Limited objective data is available for the effect of IM in young children (<2 years‐old) with VFI.MethodsRetrospective case series of infants <2 who underwent IM for VFI after congenital cardiac surgery. Primary outcome was objective reduced risk of aspiration based on Dysphagia and Outcome Severity Scores (DOSS) on Video swallow study (VFSS) performed prior to and within 4 weeks following IM. Secondary analysis included perioperative complications and number of children who were able to avoid NG or G tube placement.Results17 children <2 years of age had unilateral VFI after congenital cardiac surgery and underwent IM. The median age at time of initial cardiac surgery was 6 days (IQR 3–7). There was no intraoperative or postoperative stridor or associated complications. All 17 patients had preoperative aspiration noted on VFSS. Average swallowing outcomes on VFSS improved after IM with an increase in DOSS score (preop score 3 (IQR 2–4) to postop score 6.5 (IQR 5–7) [P = 0.001]). At 2 months following IM, of the patients who had improvement in swallowing function, 50% (n = 6) were able to feed completely orally, 25% (n = 3) were fed orally with an NG wean, and 3 (25%) had a G tube placed.ConclusionInitial results suggest that IM is safe and improves early objective swallowing outcomes in children <2 years old with VFI after congenital cardiac surgery.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:4396–4401, 2024
Micro‐CT Imaging of Tracheal Development in Down Syndrome and Non‐Down Syndrome Fetuses
Authors: Fockens M. Matthijs , Dawood Yousif , Zwart Mika J. , Docter Daniël , Hagoort Jaco , Dikkers Frederik G. , de Bakker Bernadette S. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesDown syndrome (DS) is associated with airway abnormalities including a narrowed trachea. It is uncertain whether this narrowed trachea in DS is a consequence of deviant fetal development or an acquired disorder following endotracheal intubation after birth. This study aimed to compare the tracheal morphology in DS and non‐DS fetuses using microfocus computed tomography (micro‐CT).MethodsTwenty fetal samples were obtained from the Dutch Fetal Biobank and divided into groups based on gestational age. Micro‐CT images were processed to analyze tracheal length, volume, and cross‐sectional area (CSA).ResultsMean tracheal length and tracheal volume were similar in DS and non‐DS fetuses for all gestational age groups. Mean, minimum, and maximal tracheal CSA were statistically significantly increased in the single DS fetus in the group of 21–24 weeks of gestation, but not in other gestational age groups. In 90% of all studied fetuses, the minimum tracheal CSA was located in the middle third of the trachea.ConclusionTracheal development in DS fetuses was similar to non‐DS fetuses between 13 and 21 weeks of gestation. This suggests that the narrowed tracheal diameter in DS children may occur later in fetal development or results from postnatal intubation trauma. The narrowest part of the trachea is in majority of DS and non‐DS fetuses the middle third.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:4389–4395, 2024
A spatially explicit framework for assessing ecosystem service supply risk under multiple land‐use scenarios in the Xi'an Metropolitan Area of China
Authors: Peng Lixian , Zhang Liwei , Li Xupu , Zhao Wudong , Liu Yu , Wang Zhuangzhuang , Wang Hao , Jiao Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRapid global urbanization has perturbed ecosystem structures and functions, resulting in ecological risk and threatening sustainable human well‐being and socioeconomic development. However, scientific indicators to analyze ecosystem service (ES) risk patterns need to be explored in detail. In addition, studies on ES supply risk are stagnating on historical or status explorations, especially from the view of disturbance from land‐use changes. This study seeks to develop a framework for modeling past‐future ES supply risk pattern evaluation and probing into ES risk patterns under different future land‐use scenarios. To achieve this objective, the framework integrates the Future Land Use Simulation (FLUS) model, the Intelligent Urban Ecosystem Management System (IUEMS) model, and an established indicator system incorporating ES supply trend, hotspots and coldspots, and ES trade‐offs, and synergies. The results show that: (1) In 2050, the supply of climate regulation in the Xi'an Metropolitan Area (XMA) will increase, while that of carbon sequestration and recreation will decrease. In 2050, the supply of climate regulation is the highest under ecological protection (EP) scenario, while the supply of carbon sequestration and recreation are the highest under cropland protection (CP) scenario. (2) From 2000 to 2050, the hotspots and coldspots of climate regulation increase in both natural development (ND) scenario and CP scenario. Notably, CP scenario experiences the most significant reduction in extremely significant hotspots and coldspots of carbon sequestration. From 2000 to 2050, at the regional and pixel scales, climate regulation and carbon sequestration mainly show trade‐offs, and carbon sequestration and recreation show synergies. (3) ES supply risk in XMA is high in the center and low in the north and south. The ES supply risk from 2000 to 2050 is increasing, with expanding “extremely high risk”, “high risk”, and “extremely safe” areas. ES supply risk management should adhere to more strict land‐use policies and guidelines, management zoning for areas with different levels of ES risk, and an accurate understanding of ES trade‐offs and synergies for scientific risk management. This study could provide theoretical and technical references for ES risk assessment research and promote scientific ecological risk management.
Periodic solutions of the parabolic–elliptic Keller–Segel system on whole spaces
Authors: Loan Nguyen Thi , Nguyen Thi Van Anh , Van Thuy Tran , Xuan Pham Truong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate to the existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions for the parabolic–elliptic Keller–Segel system on whole spaces detailized by Euclidean space and real hyperbolic space . We work in framework of critical spaces such as on weak‐Lorentz space to obtain the results for the Keller–Segel system on and on for to obtain those on . Our method is based on the dispersive and smoothing estimates of the heat semigroup and fixed point arguments. This work provides also a fully comparison between the asymptotic behaviors of periodic mild solutions of the Keller–Segel system obtained in and the one in .
Validating the Chinese version of short‐form foreign language classroom anxiety scale
Authors: Dong Yaxin , Huang Jinyan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis three‐phase study utilized item response theory (IRT) and both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) approaches to validate the short‐form foreign language classroom anxiety scale (S‐FLCAS) for measuring Chinese college students' foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA). The sample consisted of 855 Chinese college students. Phase 1 was conducted within the EFA and CFA frameworks to investigate the construct validity of the S‐FLCAS. Phase 2 was conducted within IRT frameworks to assess the reliability of this scale. Lastly, Phase 3 adopted multi‐group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) to explore the measurement invariance across gender and second language (L2) learner groups. The findings revealed that the Chinese version of S‐FLCAS is a reliable and valid instrument, exhibiting unidimensional characteristics. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance were identified across gender groups, while configural, partial metric, and partial scalar invariance were observed across L2 groups. This study further discussed the reasons for some suboptimal performance of the S‐FLCAS and practical implications for researchers and university educators.
Translational kinetic‐pharmacodynamics of mRNA‐6231, an investigational mRNA therapeutic encoding mutein interleukin‐2
Authors: Liric Rajlic Ivana , Guglieri‐Lopez Beatriz , Rangoonwala Nabeel , Ivaturi Vijay , Van Linh , Mori Simone , Wipke Brian , Burdette Douglas , Attarwala Husain 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis by serving as negative regulators of adaptive immune system effector cell responses. Reduced production or function of Tregs has been implicated in several human autoimmune diseases. The cytokine interleukin 2 plays a central role in promoting Treg differentiation, survival, and function in vivo and may therefore have therapeutic benefits for autoimmune diseases. mRNA‐6231 is an investigational, lipid nanoparticle‐encapsulated, mRNA‐based therapy that encodes a modified human interleukin 2 mutein fused to human serum albumin (HSA‐IL2m). Herein, we report the development of a semi‐mechanistic kinetic‐pharmacodynamic model to quantify the relationship between subcutaneous dose(s) of mRNA‐6231, HSA‐IL2m protein expression, and Treg expansion in nonhuman primates. The nonclinical kinetic‐pharmacodynamic model was extrapolated to humans using allometric scaling principles and the physiological basis of pharmacological mechanisms to predict the clinical response to therapy a priori. Model‐based simulations were used to inform the dose selection and design of the first‐in‐human clinical study (NCT04916431). The modeling approach used to predict human responses was validated when data became available from the phase I clinical study. This validation indicates that the approach is valuable in informing clinical decision‐making.
Exploring structural, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric properties of SrCaGe and SrCaSn half Heusler compounds
Authors: Bahara D. , Al‐Qaisi Samah , Akila Boumaza , Dutta Ashim , Mundad T. , Alofi Ayman S. , Bakkour Youssef 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMaking products that are affordable, environmentally friendly, and energy‐efficient is the main objective of modern production. The objective of this research is to discover compounds that meet these parameters. The full‐potential, linearized augmented plane wave program (FP LAPW) offered by Wien2K was used to examine the structural, optical, electrical, and transport aspects of SrCaGe and SrCaSn Half‐Heusler (HHs) compounds. Generalized gradient approximation (GGA) was considered for the structural optimization and computation of elastic properties signifies inherent ductility and mechanical stability of the examined SrCaGe and SrCaSn compounds. Additionally, both materials were found to possess a direct bandgap and exhibit semiconducting behavior. The bandgap magnitudes obtained utilizing the modified Becke‐Johnson (mBJ) approximation are 0.78 and 0.52 eV for SrCaGe and SrCaSn, respectively. According to their optical characteristics, SrCaGe and SrCaSn show potential for application in optoelectronic components. Furthermore, the transport properties are evaluated by BoltzTrap program, revealing that both SrCaGe and SrCaSn exhibit figures of merit (ZT) values nearly equal to one at room temperature. This suggests their potential use in creating thermoelectric devices with highly efficient performance. The simulation study demonstrates the promising attributes of SrCaGe and SrCaSn HHs materials, positioning them as viable candidates for various applications, aligned with the goals of sustainable and efficient manufacturing.
Rovibrational calculations without model Hamiltonians: The infrared and microwave spectra of thiopropynal
Authors: Das Subhasish , Rauhut Guntram 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRovibrational configuration interaction theory has been used to study the rotational spectrum and low lying rovibrational states of thiopropynal, a molecule, which has recently been detected in an interstellar cloud. Geometrical parameters, fundamental vibrational transitions and spectroscopic constants are also provided. All calculations rely on an ‐mode representation of the multidimensional potential energy surface, which has been obtained from explicitly correlated coupled‐cluster approaches including core correlation effects and an approximate treatment of high‐order coupled‐cluster terms. Comparison with experimental data is provided for several properties and the agreement was found to be excellent in most cases.
Not fully twisted, not fully planar, but intermediate torsions for ideal chromophore design: A computational study on p‐phenylene bridged pyridinium phenolate betaines
Authors: Sitha Sanyasi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis contribution reports extensive studies on structure–property correlations of two isoelectronic betaine metamers (positional isomers). These zwitterions differ from each other with respect to bonding modes of pyridinium acceptors (Reichardt's mode: through N‐atom versus Brooker's mode: through C‐atom) with the p‐phenylene bridged phenolate donors. Various quantum chemical methodologies are used in this investigation, with time‐dependent (TD) and coupled perturbed (CPHF) theories for computations of many molecular response properties. Analysis of first hyperpolarizabilities (β) indicates that Reichardt's metamer (ωB97xD: β = 349.5 × 10−30 esu) is more efficient chromophore (~5‐fold enhanced) than Brooker's metamer (ωB97xD: β = 69.4 × 10−30 esu). The gyratory abilities of the bridge junctions resulted in a cohort of metastable conformations, in the rotational potential energy surfaces (PES) of the two metamers. Moreover, rotational PES establishes that intermediary torsions are suitable for optimal chromophore design strategies (Reichardt's metamer: β = 956.5 × 10−30 esu, and Brooker's metamer: β = 1104.7 × 10−30 esu), Thus suitable conformational manipulations, can be used to obtain more efficient zwitterionic molecular chromophores. Compared unbridged prototype molecules, p‐phenylene bridged zwitterions showed ~6–9 times enhanced values of β. In addition, important aspects of suitable chromophore design strategies are suggested.
Design of a Color Neutral Nonpatterned Photovoltaic Window Based on Luminescent Solar Concentrator
Authors: Bernardoni Paolo , Mangherini Giulio , Andreoli Alfredo , Diolaiti Valentina , Marrazzo Rosamaria , Melchiorre Fabio , Zanardi Stefano , Vincenzi Donato 
Published: April 2024

The necessity to fulfil buildings energy demand with different energy sources leads to an increasing integration between building components and renewable energy sources. The development of new building‐integrated photovoltaics technologies requiring less silicon solar cells for active area is particularly interesting especially from a circular economy perspective. This research describes the design of five neutral color photovoltaic windows based on large area (0.61 m2) luminescent solar concentrators co‐developed by the University of Ferrara and Eni S.p.A. The windows are installed at the Eni “Renewable, New Energies and Material Science Research Centre” in Novara (Italy). The prototypes show a visible transmittance of 38.5%, exceeding that of commercially available semi‐transparent photovoltaic technologies. Moreover, the evaluation of the window colorimetric properties highlights a color rendering index equal to 93.0, thus ensuring an excellent illumination quality of the building indoor. The panel electrical performance is measured indoor, at the end of the assembly process, and onsite, showing a power production ranging from 1.2 to 2.8 W and an efficiency between 0.23% and 0.48% depending on the illumination condition and the background reflectivity. Although the generated power is limited, it is already sufficient to power stand‐alone small appliances and smart systems.
Nano Silver Imprinted Starch‐co‐Polymethylmethacrylate Sandwiched Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocomposite Films for Packaging Application
Authors: Nazrul Shaikh , Biswal Anuradha , Sahu Krishna Manjari , Sana Siva Sankar , Swain Sarat K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLayered double hydroxide (LDH) is a special category of layered nanomaterials that has attracted keen interest towards fabrication of hybrid materials for efficient packaging application. In the present study, starch‐co‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (St‐co‐PMMA) copolymeric matrix is sandwiched within Mg‐Al layered double hydroxides (Mg‐Al LDH) along with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via surfactant free in situ polymerization of MMA. The imprintment of LDH and AgNPs within the copolymeric matrix of starch and their interactions are analyzed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) study. The morphological analysis is carried out by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), which indicates the reduction of voids by the partial intercalation and exfoliation of LDH layers. This dispersive effect offered by the combination of LDH and AgNPs not only results in an eight‐fold increase in oxygen barrier properties, but also enhances the chemical resistance attributes of the St‐co‐PMMA@Ag/(Mg‐Al)LDH nanocomposite films (NFs) with increase in LDH loading. Antibacterial activity is rendered by the presence of AgNPs and is further accentuated by increasing the concentration of LDH in the nanocomposite films. This significant elevation in thermal stability, chemical resistance, barrier properties, and bactericidal nature makes the material potential for packaging applications.
Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) blends and composites: A review
Authors: Vyavahare Siddhant A. , Kharat Baburao M. , More Aarti P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is a semicrystalline thermoplastic material, which is a member of the polyester family. It has excellent thermal and flow properties, high stiffness, and strength, which make it a good choice for combining various polymers. Various blends and composites of PBT are majorly prepared by melt blending like PBT/polypropylene (PP), PBT/PC and PBT/epoxy are examples of polybutylene terephthalate combinations. The compatibilizer plays a crucial role in blending and PBT grafted with the main ingredients utilized in PBT mixes to increase adhesion between the phases are epoxies, acrylic acid, and maleic anhydride. PBT can be reinforced with powder fillers and fibers to make polymer composites. PBT blends and composites have applications in the automotive industry, aerospace, electronics, consumer goods, etc. Due to an increasing enviornmental concern, research is being carried out for biobased PBT blends and composites.
Spin-statistics for black hole microstates
Authors: Chen Yiming , Turiaci Gustavo J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The gravitational path integral can be used to compute the number of black hole states for a given energy window, or the free energy in a thermal ensemble. In this article we explain how to use the gravitational path integral to compute the separate number of bosonic and fermionic black hole microstates. We do this by comparing the partition function with and without the insertion of (−1)F. In particular we introduce a universal rotating black hole that contributes to the partition function in the presence of (−1)F. We study this problem for black holes in asymptotically flat space and in AdS, putting constraints on the high energy spectrum of holographic CFTs (not necessarily supersymmetric). Finally, we analyze wormhole contributions to related quantities.
Irrelevant and marginal deformed BMS field theories
Authors: He Song , Mao Xin-Cheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigate various deformations within the framework of Bondi-van der Burg-Metzner-Sachs invariant field theory (BMSFT). Specifically, we explore the impact of Bondi-van der Burg-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) symmetry on the theory by introducing key deformations, namely, $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

, JTμ, and $$ \sqrt{T\overline{T}} $$

T

T
¯

deformations. In the context of generic seed theories possessing BMS symmetry, we derive the first-order correction of correlation functions using the systematic application of BMS symmetry ward identities. However, it is worth noting that higher-order corrections are intricately dependent on the specific characteristics of the seed theories. To illustrate our findings, we select the BMS free scalar and free fermion as representative seed theories. We then proceed to analytically determine the deformed action by solving the nontrivial flow equations. Additionally, we extend our analysis to include second-order deformations within these deformed theories.
Effective cuscuton theory
Authors: Mylova Maria , Afshordi Niayesh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cuscuton field theory is an extension of general relativity that does not introduce additional propagating degrees of freedom, or violate relativistic causality. We construct a general geometric description of the cuscuton field theory by introducing curvature corrections to both the volume (potential) and the surface (kinetic) terms in the original cuscuton action. Our assumptions involve a stack of spacelike branes, separated by 4-dimensional bulks. We conjecture that the cuscuton, initially a discrete field, becomes continuous in the limit, there are many such transitions. From this we derive an effective action for the cuscuton theory and show that at the quadratic level our theory propagates only the two tensorial degrees of freedom.
Constrained Normalized Subband Adaptive Filter Algorithm and Its Performance Analysis
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Zhao Haiquan , Lv Shaohui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConstrained least mean square (CLMS) algorithm is the most popular constrained adaptive filtering algorithm due to its simple structure and easy implementation. However, its convergence slows down when the input signal is colored. To address this issue, this paper firstly introduces the normalized subband adaptive filter (NSAF) into the constrained filtering problem and derives a constrained NSAF (CNSAF) algorithm using the Lagrange multiplier method. Benefiting from the good decorrelation capability of the NSAF, the proposed CNSAF algorithm significantly improves the convergence performance of the CLMS algorithm under colored inputs. Then, the mean and mean-square stability of the CNSAF algorithm is analyzed, and the theoretical models to characterize the transient and steady-state mean square deviation (MSD) behaviors of the CNSAF algorithm are derived utilizing the Kronecker product property and vectorization method. Further to extend the CNSAF algorithm to the problem of sparse system identification, a sparse version of the CNSAF algorithm (S-CNSAF) is derived. Finally, the validity of the derived theoretical MSD prediction models and the superiority of the proposed algorithms are confirmed by extensive computer simulations on system identification with colored inputs.