bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial analysis of land cover changes in mangrove and peatland forests in North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Suryanta G , Arifanti V B , Yuwati T W , Darwo D , Rusdiyatmoko M A , Anggara G W S , Sivaiparm I , Basyuni M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Forest management in Indonesia can be observed through land cover change as a macro indicator for forest loss or gains. In order to have a clear understanding of the trend of the land cover change in peatland and mangroves, we conduct the land cover change analysis using the last decadal or 10-year period. The land typologies used as analysis units are peat and mangrove ecosystem. The research area is located in North Sumatra Province, occupying a peat area of 50,089.9 ha and mangrove area of 86,907 ha. The spatial analysis includes land cover maps overlay and classification using GIS. The 2012-2022 analysis results indicate a trend of an increase in peat reforestation by 819.6 ha and deforestation by 5,043.5 ha, while the trend of mangrove reforestation increased by 12,801.5 ha and deforestation by 4,669.5 ha. Land cover changes in the peatland are predominantly derived due to conversion of plantation to secondary swamp forest and conversion of secondary swamp forest to bare land. In the mangrove ecosystem land cover changes are mainly derived due to the regrowth of shrubs to secondary mangrove forests and due to conversion or degradation of secondary mangrove forests to shrubs.
Consumer preferences of artificial and natural flavours: a case in soft ice cream
Authors: Khantyanissa H S , Ervina E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Consumers have a high awareness regarding the additives used in their food products. The use of artificial and natural flavours as additives in a food product is debatable and it will directly impact sensory attributes and consumer preferences. The objective of this study was to investigate the different sensory profiles and consumer acceptability of soft ice cream with different types of vanilla flavours (artificial vs. natural). In addition, liking segmentations based on gender and age group were also investigated. Descriptive sensory profiles (n=10), differentiation testing (n=40), and consumer acceptability test (n=162) were determined. There were no significant differences for sensory attributes except for texture (p= 0.001). The differentiation testing disclosed no differences between artificial and natural vanilla flavours (p=0.09). However, soft ice cream made with the artificial vanilla flavour has a significantly higher liking (p< 0.01) compared to the natural flavour. There were no significant differences in consumer acceptability levels based on gender and age-group segmentations. This study can be used as a primary reference to select appropriate flavours of artificial and natural in a certain food product.
Almond flour and its potential in diabetes management: A short review
Authors: Gotama G , Sadek N F , Tedjakusuma F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Diabetes is caused by higher glucose in the bloodstream and is considered one of the major health problems in Indonesia. Wheat flour-based meals are unsuitable for people with diabetes due to their high glycaemic index (GI), which may rapidly increase blood glucose levels. The low-GI characteristic of almonds (Prunus dulcis) makes it very potential to replace the wheat flour used in foods. Almonds have a high fiber, unsaturated fat, magnesium, and vitamin E content but low in carbohydrates. Almond consumption also enhances satiety and lowers postprandial glycemia, hence making it suitable alternative flour for people with diabetes. This review aims to provide scientific information regarding the processing technique, nutritional content, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and the diabetes-related health benefits of almond flour. This information is important for supporting almond flour’s potential in diabetes management through food controlling approach.
Effects of red wine supplementation on characteristic modulations during fermentation of green onion kimchi
Authors: Surya R , Nugroho D , Jang J G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Green onion (pa) kimchi represents a traditional lactic acid fermented dish originating from Korea. In parallel, red wine stands as a yeast-fermented alcoholic beverage derived from grape juice. This investigation systematically assessed the impact of red wine supplementation on the microbial, antioxidant, and sensory attributes of green onion kimchi throughout a 48-hour fermentation process at 35°C. Notably, the addition of red wine expedited the decrease in pH within the green onion kimchi. Furthermore, a substantially elevated antioxidant activity, total viable count, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population were observed during the fermentation of red wine-supplemented green onion kimchi in comparison to its conventional counterpart. Importantly, hedonic sensory acceptance demonstrated no significant disparities between the regular and red wine-supplemented green onion kimchi. The outcomes gleaned from this inquiry suggest that the incorporation of red wine could be contemplated as a means to enhance the health-promoting attributes of green onion kimchi, endowing it with antioxidant and probiotic qualities.
Relation between the effect of increasing reaction time, reaction temperature and ratio of substrate on incorporation of lauric acid into palm kernel oil
Authors: Manurung A I , Julianti E , Silalahi J , Siahaan D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Lauric acid is a medium chain fatty acid that is composed of 12 C atoms, also found in palm kernel oil (PKO). PKO belongs to medium chain triglycerides (MCT) containing high levels of lauric acid which has health benefits. This research aims to find the relationship between the effect of increasing reaction time and reaction temperature and the mole ratio of substrate on the incorporation of lauric acid into palm kernel oil. From the research results it was revealed that increasing the reaction time up to 24 hours could increase the incorporation of lauric acid but decreased if the reaction time was increased to 40 hours. Furthermore, an increase in the reaction temperature from 44°C to 64°C increased the incorporation of lauric acid, if it was increased from 64°C to 84°C it resulted in a decrease in incorporation of lauric acid, if it was increased again to 104°C it resulted in incorporation of lauric acid -21.6%. In increasing the substrate ratio, the higher the substrate ratio (1:11), the higher the incorporation of lauric acid.
Synthesis and Characterization of Indigofera Zollingeriana Plant-Based Ruminant Feed Using EM 4 Fermentation Method
Authors: Hamid Muhammadin , Nasution Tulus Ikhsan , Putriana  , Isnaenia Isnaeni 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to produce ruminant feed pellets using Indigofera zollingeriana as the main ingredient, along with coconut pulp, rice bran, molasses, cassava, and EM 4 as additional components. The objective was to investigate the impact of optimizing animal feed pellets made from Indigofera zollingeriana and various mixed ingredients, such as rice bran, coconut pulp, cassava, molasses, and EM 4, by using the EM 4 fermentation method on the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the animal feed pellets. The animal feed was prepared by blending Indigofera zollingeriana, coconut pulp, rice bran, and cassava in the proportion of (55.81% : 22.1% : 14.73% : 7.365%), along with molasses and EM 4 in a 1:1 ratio. The test samples were produced by weighing, pulverizing, mixing, fermenting, drying, and molding into pellets. The findings showed that the animal feed pellets made with Indigofera zollingeriana plant concentrate had physical properties that did not meet the standard values, such as specific gravity (1.96 gr/mL), porosity (8.84%), water absorption (68.76%), maturity temperature (38ºC), and solubility in water (4.36%). However, the animal feed pellets had a brownish color and a normal smell, similar to other animal feeds. In terms of mechanical properties, the values for hardness (5.002%) and brittleness (1.53%) met the standard values for animal feed pellets. Regarding chemical properties based on proximate analysis, the animal feed contained 8.22% protein, 6.78% total fat, 26.4% crude fiber, 17.4% carbohydrates, 7.50% ash content, and 33.7% moisture content. Only the ash content met the SNI 3148-2:2017 standard. Thus, the quality of these animal feed pellets needs improvement.
Ethnobotanical survey of herbal steam baths among the Tenggerese community in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Bhagawan W S , Ekasari W , Agil M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The use of traditional medicines, including medicinal plant in steam baths, is widespread in various traditional healthcare systems. This study aims to document and evaluate the plant species used in herbal steam baths within the Tenggerese community in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Indonesia, with a focus on women’s reproductive health. A combination of semi-structured interviews and observations was conducted with 13 female informants, including traditional birth attendants and women with children. A total of 12 plant species from 9 families were identified, with Cananga odorata, Piper betle, Rosa chinensis, and Jasminum sambac being the most frequently mentioned. The preparation and utilization of herbal steam baths in the Tenggerese community, particularly in postpartum care, were described. Several plants commonly used in the steam baths have been studied for their phytochemical compounds and pharmacological properties, supporting their traditional use.
Strategy For Capture Fisheries based Minapolitan Area Development in Pasongsongan, Sumenep District
Authors: Kusuma S.H , Salim Z. , Sianturi R.S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPasongsongan sub-district is one of the largest producers of captured fisheries in Sumenep Regency. The Sumenep Regency Spatial Plan directs that the Pasongsongan will be developed as a Minapolitan sub-district. For this reason, it is necessary to formulate a strategy to develop a capture fishery-based Minapolitan area in the Pasongsongan sub-district. Interviews were conducted to assess the potential and challenges of developing the captured fishery-based Minapolitan area. Using SWOT and qualitative content analyses, strategies for developing the Minapolitan area in the Pasongsongan sub-district were formulated. The analysis yielded 14 strategies, including enhancing institutional roles through stakeholder collaboration, activating the fishermen’s group and monitoring its activities, procuring essential infrastructure and optimizing existing facilities, creating a comprehensive master plan for the Minapolitan area, providing training for fishing machinery and equipment, and adopting more modern, technology-based methods for catch processing.
Correlation the Urban Mobility and COVID-19 Case in Yogyakarta City
Authors: Miladan Nur , Istanabi Tendra , Aliyah Istijabatul , Yudana Galing , Wibowo Brilianita Puspaningtyas , Azzakiyya Shafa Zaizafun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
COVID-19 is an outbreak that spreads mainly due to human interaction. Transmission is greater when there is a potential crowd. So, the main policy in dealing with the spread of COVID-19 is to limit interactions. Interaction restrictions are carried out in various ways from social distancing to mobility restrictions. Mobility restriction means reducing the movement of the population for various purposes of movement. The less movement the number of transmissions of COVID-19 cases will also decrease. However, in various studies it turns out that this is not always the case. Reducing movement does not necessarily reduce the number of positive cases. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find the correlation between population mobility and the spreading of COVID-19 cases in Yogyakarta City. Yogyakarta is one of the cities in Indonesia that is the epicentre of COVID-19. This research uses descriptive quantitative method and correlation analysis technique. The population mobility was obtained from primary data in the form of questionnaires, while COVID-19 cases were obtained from secondary data which provided by the Municipality of Yogyakarta City. The results of the analysis show that there is no correlation between the transportation mode choice and frequency of travel, and COVID-19 spreading. However, the travel time has a positive and significant correlation with the spreading of COVID-19.
Planning of Geometric Road Bend Using Spiral Circle Spiral Types (Case Study at STA. 11.800 to STA. 12.200) Jarak Village Roads in Jombang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Wibisono R E , Yuzaeva P M , Supriyatno D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Jarak Village, Jombang Regency in Indonesia has a conditions of the geometric structure of a narrow road with sharp turns. In addition, the village has many tourist attractions, so it often attracts tourist to vacation. Tourist arrivals will affect the economy, it is necessary to evaluate the geometric planning of road bends that have a elevation more than three percent its mean do not match the standard Highway Department of Indonesian method, therefore it is carried out using the Spiral Circle Spiral (SCS) calculation. The purpose of this research is to plan the geometric road bend using the SCS type to produce a plan on a bend with a design that meets the standard of the Highways method. The method in this research was a survey of the geometric conditions the roads. From the geometric condition data that was analysis would be carried out using the SCS type Highway Department of Indonesian method, with radius analysis on bends, and horizontal alignment visibility. The results of the research showed a transition curve (Ls). For more discuss can be describe the arc length and spiral angle will be calculated so that an road bend design is obtained.
The Utilization of Coconut Shell Ash Waste as Filler in Pavement Mixture towards Green Infrastructure
Authors: Widayanti A , Wibisono R E , Mahardi P , Pattisinai A R 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRoad is one of the most important land infrastructure in supporting community activities and regional development. The problem with current road construction is the increasingly limited availability of natural materials, so it necessary to innovate materials made from waste. This research utilizes waste material in the form of coconut shell ash as a filler towards the realization of green infrastructure. The purpose of this research was to obtain the characteristics of filler, aggregate, asphalt and their effect on road pavement mixtures. The research method is research in the laboratory. The results obtained are that the physical properties of aggregate, asphalt and coconut shell ash meet the requirements of The General Highway Specification. Utilization of coconut shell ash filler of 3.5% obtained Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) of 5.5%, 4% obtained OAC of 5.8%. Based on results of the Marshall parameters for the two mixtures meet all the standards of The General Highways Specification. The use of coconut shell ash as filler in a mixture of road pavements can increase the strength and durability of road pavements, as well as support the realization of green infrastructure. It can have an impact on improving environmental quality through the use of waste for road pavement towards the development of environmentally green infrastructure.
Street Crowdedness and Urban Congestion Level by MAC and GPS Data
Authors: Hidayat A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Wi-Fi is one of the emerging technologies today. Wi-Fi refers to MAC (Media Access Control) address data. A MAC address represents a device number. In other words, it represents the number of people. The system uses MAC address data to determine road traffic congestion and land use, detects the number of terminals using a Wi-Fi scanner, and analyzes vehicle speed using GPS. The purpose of this research is to understand city-level services from traffic services and road congestion status and degree of congestion using Wi-Fi data (MAC addresses). This method was used for this study by providing a Wi-Fi scanner and a GPS scanner inside the bus. A Wi-Fi scanner that collects MAC address data and GPS for calculating bus speed. The congestion hypothesis in this study is that the bus is slow, and the total number of MAC addresses is high at the same time, or vice versa. The results show that the maximum correlation value between speed and total number of MAC addresses is -0.629. Negative correlation leads to slower bus speeds, higher total MAC addresses, and different. The numbers indicate the congested sections around the bus route during the bus operating hours. Several parameters such as travel time, travel speed and standard deviation/variance were analyzed for congestion level. Analyze aspects that link road conditions to good or bad service. Congestion levels can be determined based on RI, which is derived from the standard deviation and average speed of each road link.
Determination of The Most Livable Subsidized Housing In Karang Joang Village Balikpapan City
Authors: Nugroho R A , Kadri M K , Sudarta  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Every individual or group essentially wants to have a house that is livable, both in terms of physical and residential environment. when choosing a house, people are also influenced by preference factors related to physical and non-physical comfort and security. In this case, low-income people have very little information regarding references about cheap houses but with good physical and non-physical environmental quality even though the price is cheap. Therefore, this research aims to provide references to the community regarding subsidized housing for low-income communities that have the most livable environment physically and non-physically. This research is using Geographic Information System (GIS) to know the liveable areas and suitable with the location of subsidized housing. The Geographis Information System (GIS) that used in this research is using ArcGis wich is the tools that we used is Buffering and Overlay Analysis. After the analysis the result was carried out, and the result is the high liveable area in Karang Joang Village is 177.43 Ha, then the medium liveable area is 2,098.74 Ha, and the low liveable area is 7,956.19 Ha. And then, it is known that there is only 1 subsidized housing in the medium liveable area, and no subsidized housing in the high liveable area.
VIIRS Night-Time Light Image in the Spatial Structure Identification of Banyuwangi Regency
Authors: Listyawati R N , Prasetiyo P , Nurtjahjaningtyas I 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A spatial structure is a hierarchical arrangement of settlement centers and a network system of infrastructure and facilities that support the community’s socio-economic activities. Spatial structure is important because the city’s rapid growth requires regional service center planning. In general, the method for determining the spatial structure uses the Centrality Index (IS) with a variable number of facilities, infrastructure, and people to obtain a hierarchical arrangement of regional service centers. However, this method is often constrained by data limitations, so in this study remote sensing technology was used through night light imagery in identifying potential centers. This study used the Visible and Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor, one of the sensors carried by the Suomi-NPP (National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Preparatory Project) satellite. Identification is done by overlaying the night light image with the existing spatial structure to produce potential centers. Based on the analysis results, eight classifications are based on the light emission interval class, where the higher the class, the higher the light emission value, which indicates the potential for a new center. The Pesanggaran sub-district is in class eight, the Tegaldimo sub-district is in class six, and the Banyuwangi sub-district is in class one.
Bright ESIPT emission from 2,6-di(thiazol/oxazol/imidazol-2-yl)phenol derivatives in solution, aggregation and solid states
Authors: Chen Panpan , Niu Zhigang , Wang Eenju 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Most luminophores often suffer from the problem of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) or fluorescence disappearance in dilute solution. It is significant to bridge the gap between ACQ and AIE. In this work, a facile but effective strategy was proposed for the fabrication of always-on luminophores based on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism, and six luminophores emitting bright fluorescence in solution, aggregation and solid states were synthesized from 5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyisophthalaldehyde. All these ESIPT systems show only keto emission owing to their congested structures which block the breakage of intramolecular hydrogen bond (O–H⋯N) by solvation, and subsequently make enol emission impossible. Three of these luminophores are prone to convert into the corresponding phenolate anions emitting blue-shifted emission, which enable them to sense pH variation in the weakly basic range. Furthermore, white-light emission was achieved by combining two of them which show complementary-color fluorescence, and one of them was utilized for bioimaging of living Hela cells and the high-resolution image was obtained.
Paul and the New Testament Building Blocks of Tolerance
Authors: Atkins Jed W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 considers the Christian account of patient endurance, beginning with the writings of the Apostle Paul. Some outstanding Pauline scholars have attributed the idea of tolerance to Paul’s writings. I myself refrain from doing so; however, Paul, providing detailed discussions of judgment, patience (and accompanying virtues), and conscience, lays the foundational theological blocks on which the North African Christian tradition will build. The chapter traces these building blocks in Paul’s writings. We focus primarily on Romans and 1 Corinthians, although when appropriate we glance at relevant Gospel passages and 1 Peter, a letter to Roman Christians that contains many relevant Pauline themes. The reader will receive an overview of the main New Testament themes and texts received by the North African Christian tradition, which tended to read scripture through a “canonical hermeneutic” that drew readily on all writings deemed authoritative.
Tolerance, Religious Liberty, and Universal Human Justice in the Thought of Lactantius
Authors: Atkins Jed W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 examines the treatment of Tertullian’s and Cyprian’s key questions by the Christian rhetorician Lactantius in his Divine Institutes and On the Anger of God, works written early in the fourth century ce. In these complementary works, Lactantius defends plurality and offers two arguments for tolerance. The first is a virtue ethic argument from attention to the role of human freedom in acquiring moral virtues, which Lactantius sees as an indispensable part of religious practice. The second is a justice-based argument that begins from the premise of God as patient father and creator of all human beings to contend for an obligation to tolerate the views of others. All have a right to respond to God as they choose. This right is based on the worth that all possess as bearers of the image of God. These arguments are complemented by Lactantius’ eschatology, views of patience as a virtue, and analysis of divine and human judgment.