bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policy Forum: Designing a Carbon Price Policy: Using Market‐Based Mechanisms for Emission Abatement: Are the Assumptions Plausible?
Authors: Ergas Henry 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSupport for using market‐based mechanisms (carbon taxes or emission‐trading systems) to deal with climate change is based on a number of premises. This article discusses those premises, focusing on the claim that the promise of ever‐rising implied carbon prices under such market‐based mechanisms will support induced innovation in low‐ or no‐carbon technologies. It notes that this claim assumes that promise to be credible and sufficient to induce the innovations required. It argues that the assumed credibility of such very long commitments is questionable, and hence, even in the best of worlds, the implied benefits are unlikely to arise. For a small country like Australia, the problems are then compounded by the absence of a credible, global agreement on emission reduction. Given that, the marginal benefits of investing in carbon abatement are likely to be very low or negative.
Policy Forum: Designing a Carbon Price Policy: Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions at the Lowest Cost
Authors: Freebairn John 
Published: March 2012

AbstractArguments for using a tax or an emission‐trading scheme on a comprehensive base of greenhouse gas emissions as a lower‐cost way of reducing pollution than regulations or subsidies are explained. While the Australian Government's ‘Clean Energy Future’ scheme, with its proposal for a price on carbon, moves in the low‐cost direction, the base is less than comprehensive and the scheme persists with, and in important ways increases the roles of, cost‐ineffective regulations and subsidies.
Policy Forum: Designing a Carbon Price Policy: Is the Australian Climate Plan Fair to Australia's Energy‐Intensive, Trade‐Exposed Industries?
Authors: Clarke Harry , Waschik Robert 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe implications of Australia's unilateral carbon‐pricing plan for its energy‐intensive, trade‐exposed industries are analysed. While a priori arguments for protecting such industries make good theoretical sense, empirically significant levels of support for such protection centre on the non‐ferrous metal industry alone.
Data Survey: Developing the Statistical Longitudinal Census Dataset and Identifying Its Potential Uses
Authors: Zhang Guangyu , Campbell Paul 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA number of longitudinal surveys have been run in Australia since the 1990s. Recognising the increasing community demand for longitudinal data, the Australian Bureau of Statistics embarked on the creation of a longitudinal dataset, based on the Australian Census of Population and Housing. The key feature of this project is to link a 5 per cent sample of the 2006 Census to subsequent Censuses using a combination of variables available on the Census, thus forming a Statistical Longitudinal Census Dataset (SLCD). This article aims to provide the research community with an overview of the SLCD.
HYSTERESIS IN THE KALECKIAN GROWTH MODEL: A BAYESIAN ANALYSIS FOR THE US MANUFACTURING SECTOR FROM 1984 TO 2007
Authors: Schoder Christian 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTResponding to the Classical criticism of the baseline Kaleckian growth model which is not fully adjusted in the long run, post‐Kaleckians have proposed model variants that imply the economy to converge to a steady state in which the realized and the normal utilization rates as well as the realized and the expected secular rate of sales growth are congruent. Convergence is caused by endogenous adjustments of the conventional rates to their respective realized rates which is theoretically justified by hysteresis effects. Using a dynamic linear specification of the Kaleckian investment function in state‐space form and by the aid of the Kalman filter, this paper studies the endogeneity of the normal utilization rate and the expected secular rate of sales growth empirically for the US manufacturing sector and its sub‐sectors. We find evidence for an endogenous adjustment of both variables.
Evaluating indices of conservation success: a comparative analysis of outcome‐ and output‐based indices
Authors: Howe C. , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: March 2012

Read the Commentaries on this Feature Paper: Getting what you pay for: the challenge of measuring success in conservation; How can we sell evaluating, analyzing and synthesizing to young scientists?Response from the authors: The view from the office is not all bad: conservation evaluation as a ‘sexy’ research goal
Influence of space use on fitness and the reintroduction success of the Laysan teal
Authors: Reynolds M. H. , Hatfield J. S. , Laniawe L. P. , Vekasy M. S. , Klavitter J. L. , Berkowitz P. , Crampton L. H. , Walters J. R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTranslocation is an important tool for wildlife conservation and biodiversity restoration, but an inefficient one because of the unpredictability of success. Predictors of success such as habitat quality of the release site and number of individuals released have been identified, but the dynamics of successful translocations remain poorly understood. In particular, little is known about the relationship of individual post‐release movements to population establishment. In 2004, Laysan teal Anas laysanensis were reintroduced by translocating 20 wild birds from Laysan Island to Midway Atoll. Twenty‐two additional wild founders were brought the next year. We monitored the survival, reproductive success and movements of the 42 translocated individuals and their offspring for 4 years. Additionally, we monitored population size from 2004 to 2010. Unlike most translocations, we did not observe elevated post‐release mortality despite flight‐feather trimming to prevent immediate dispersal off‐island: first year survival was > 90% and survival rates until 2009 were 0.65 ± 0.08 for founding adults. Laysan teal flew between the two main islands of Midway Atoll, and offspring had significantly larger maximum movement distances than founders. We monitored 84 nests and observed a significant, negative relationship of home range size to productivity for founding females. Flightless founders did not show fidelity to their release sites, but had strong fidelity to annual home ranges after attaining flight. Although we observed a component Allee effect on mate‐finding, this did not translate into a demographic Allee effect, and generally, the high fitness of founders contributed substantially to successful population establishment. Laysan teal abundance increased linearly until 2009, but showed evidence of population regulation afterwards. The population estimate was 473 (95% confidence interval 439–508) in 2010. On the much larger main Hawaiian Islands, we expect greater post‐release movement, a stronger component Allee effect, lower survival and lower reproductive rates because of predation to preclude successful reintroductions of this species to sites without predator management.
Monitoring sea ice habitat fragmentation for polar bear conservation
Authors: Sahanatien V. , Derocher A. E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPolar bears are a sea ice‐dependent carnivore, sensitive to sea ice habitat loss. Climate change has negatively affected sea ice habitat through much of this species' range. We applied landscape fragmentation analysis to quantify polar bear sea ice habitat loss and fragmentation trends (1979–2008) in Foxe Basin, Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay, Canada. Microwave satellite derived monthly mean sea ice concentration maps were classified into four habitat quality categories, and the trends in fragmentation metrics were analyzed. In all regions where preferred habitat declined, sea ice season length decreased and habitat fragmentation increased. The observed trends may affect polar bear movement patterns, energetics and ultimately population trends. Monitoring of sea ice habitat condition in combination with harvest data can provide a dynamic approach to population management and conservation.
A meta‐analytical review of the effects of elevated CO2 on plant–arthropod interactions highlights the importance of interacting environmental and biological variables
Authors: Robinson Emily A. , Ryan Geraldine D. , Newman Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryWe conducted the most extensive meta‐analysis of plant and animal responses to elevated CO2 to date. We analysed > 5000 data points extracted from 270 papers published between 1979 and 2009. We examined the changes in 19 animal response variables to the main effect of elevated CO2. We found strong evidence for significant variation among arthropod orders and feeding guilds, including interactions in the direction of response. We also examined the main effects of elevated CO2 on: six plant growth and allocation responses, seven primary metabolite responses, eight secondary metabolite responses, and four physical defence responses. We examined these response variable changes under two‐way and three‐way interactions between CO2 and: soil nitrogen, ambient temperature, drought, light availability, photosynthetic pathway, reproductive system, plant growth rate, plant growth form, tissue type, and nitrogen fixation. In general we found smaller effect sizes for many response variables than have been previously reported. We also found that many of the oft‐reported main effects of CO2 obscure the presence of significant two‐ and three‐way interactions, which may help better explain the relationships between the response variables and elevated CO2.

Contents

Summary
321

I.
Introduction
322

II.
Methods
323

III.
Herbivore responses to elevated CO2
328

IV.
Plant responses
329

V.
Searching for general responses to elevated CO2
332

VI.
Limitations and future studies
334

Acknowledgements
335

References
335
Subunit composition of α5‐containing nicotinic receptors in the rodent habenula
Authors: Scholze Petra , Koth Gabriele , Orr‐Urtreger Avi , Huck Sigismund 
Published: March 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 551–560.AbstractGene association studies in humans have linked the α5 subunit gene CHRNA5 to an increased risk for nicotine dependence. In the CNS, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that contain the α5 subunit are expressed at relatively high levels in the habenulo‐interpeduncular system. Recent experimental evidence furthermore suggests that α5‐containing receptors in the habenula play a key role in controlling the intake of nicotine in rodents. We have now analysed the subunit composition of hetero‐oligomeric nAChRs in the habenula of postnatal day 18 (P18) C57Bl/6J control mice and of mice with deletions of the α5, the β2, or the β4 subunit genes. Receptors consisting of α3β4*1 clearly outnumbered α4β2*‐containing receptors not only in P18 but also in adult mice. We found low levels of α5‐containing receptors in both mice (6%) and rats (2.5% of overall nAChRs). Observations in β2 and β4 null mice indicate that although α5 requires the presence of the β4 subunit for assembling (but not of β2), α5 in wild‐type mice assembles into receptors that also contain the subunits α3, β2, and β4.
Retracted: Phosphorylated CaMKII post‐synaptic binding to NR2B subunits in the anterior cingulate cortex mediates visceral pain in visceral hypersensitive rats
Authors: Li Ying , Zhang Xu , Liu Haiyan , Cao Zhijun , Chen Shengliang , Cao Bing , Liu Jin 
Published: March 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 662–671.AbstractThe NR2B subunit of NMDA receptor in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is up‐regulated in viscerally hypersensitive (VH) rats induced by colonic anaphylaxis. It plays a critical role in modulation of ACC sensitization and visceral pain responses. Given the key role of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in synaptic plasticity and behavior learning and memory, we hypothesize that phosphorylation of CaMKII binding to NR2B mediates visceral pain in VH states. We performed in vivo electroporation of CaMKII siRNA produced inhibition of colorectal distension‐induced visceromotor response in the VH rats. The NR2B, CaMKII and P‐CaMKII‐Thr286 protein levels were increased in 180%, 220% and 304% fold in the post‐synaptic density (PSD) fraction in VH rats separately. Western blotting following co‐immunoprecipitation showed that P‐CaMKII‐Thr286 bound to NR2B in the PSD, which was increased to 267% of control in VH rats. Administration of CaMKII antagonist Antennapedia‐CaMKIINtide suppressed visceromotor response in VH rats in parallel with decrease of NR2B levels and reduction of the NR2B‐P‐CaMKII‐Thr286 protein complex in PSD. In conclusion, CaMKII is a critical signaling molecule in the ACC glutamatergic synaptic transmission and phosphorylation of CaMKII at Thr286, which binds to NR2B subunit at post‐synaptic site, modulates visceral pain in viscerally hypersensitive state.
Stimulation of GluN receptors decreases the surface density of GluN1/GluN2B subunits in cultured neocortical interneurons
Authors: Nörenberg Wolfgang , Lindemeyer A. Kerstin , Wilmes Thomas , Sobottka Helga , Meyer Dieter K. 
Published: March 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 587–596.AbstractChanges in the density of NMDA (GluN) receptors in the neuronal membrane are critical for plasticity, whereas malfunction of precisely regulated GluN receptor activity may be involved in neurotoxicity. In cultured rat neocortical interneurons, we have studied the regulation of the surface density of GluN1, GluN2A and GluN2B subunits. Application of 5 μMol NMDA for 24 h followed by a washout period of 24 h decreased the response of GluN receptors for at least 2 days. The reduction was caused by a decrease in the surface density of GluN1/GluN2B subunits, whereas GluN2A subunits remained unaffected. Our data indicate that long but reversible low level activation of GluN receptors can cause long‐term changes in their subunit composition in cultured interneurons.
GluA and GluN receptors regulate the surface density of GluN receptor subunits in cultured neocortical interneurons
Authors: Meyer Dieter K. , Lindemeyer A. Kerstin , Wilmes Thomas , Sobottka Helga , Nörenberg Wolfgang 
Published: March 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 597–606.AbstractIn cultured rat neocortical interneurons, we have studied the effect of long‐term application of NMDA or AMPA on the surface density of the NMDA (GluN) receptor subunits GluN1 and GluN2B. Stimulation of Ca2+‐permeable AMPA (GluA) receptors located on the interneurons decreased the response of GluN receptors. The reduction was caused by a decrease in the surface density of GluN1/GluN2B subunits. In contrast, stimulation of GluN receptors located on the interneurons enhanced the surface density of GluN1/GluN2B subunits. Both effects could be induced by network activation.
Prodigiosin down‐regulates SKP2 to induce p27KIP1 stabilization and antiproliferation in human lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Hsieh Hsin‐Ying , Shieh Jeng‐Jer , Chen Chun‐Jung , Pan Mu‐Yun , Yang Shu‐Yi , Lin Shin‐Chang , Chang Jo‐Shu , Lee Alan Yueh‐Luen , Chang Chia‐Che 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE High levels of SKP2 are a poor prognostic factor in multiple human cancers and mostly correlate with low p27KIP1 levels. Prodigiosin is a bacterial tripyrrole pigment with strong pro‐apoptotic activity. Induction of cell cycle blockade underlies one of its anticancer actions but the mechanisms involved are unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of the SKP2–p27KIP1 axis in prodigiosin's cytostatic effect on human lung adenocarcinoma cells.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Prodigiosin's effects on cell cycle progression and long‐term cell proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma cells were characterized by flow cytometry and colony formation assay, respectively. Real‐time RT‐PCR and promoter activity analyses were performed for assessing transcriptional control, while cycloheximide chase analysis evaluated protein stability. Immunoblotting was employed for mechanistic study.KEY RESULTS Prodigiosin increased p27KIP1 expression mainly by stabilizing p27KIP1 through transcriptional repression of SKP2. Importantly, SKP2 overexpression or p27KIP1 depletion restored the colony forming capacity of prodigiosin‐treated cells. Furthermore, prodigiosin induced PKB dephosphorylation, leading to PKB inhibition as revealed by decreased serine 9 phosphorylation of GSK‐3β. Constitutive PKB activation reduced prodigiosin‐induced SKP2 repression. Prodigiosin also down‐regulated E2F1 (mediates PI3K/PKB‐induced SKP2 transcription), but E2F1 overexpression failed to restore SKP2 expression in prodigiosin‐treated cells.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Transcriptional repression of SKP2 and the consequent accumulation of p27KIP1 are essential for prodigiosin's antiproliferative action. Mechanistically, prodigiosin induces PKB inhibition to down‐regulate SKP2 in a GSK‐3β‐ and E2F1‐independent manner. Our findings further implicate the potential for developing prodigiosin as a novel class of SKP2‐targeting anticancer agent.
Benefits, Challenges, and Enabling Conditions of Collective Action to Promote Sustainable Production and Marketing of Products from Africa's Dry Forests
Authors: Paumgarten Fiona , Kassa Habtemariam , Zida Mathurin , Moeliono Moira 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCollective action has been identified, by governments and nongovernmental organizations, as a mechanism to improve smallholder farmers' bargaining power and access to input and output markets. In many developing countries, supporting collective action has and continues to be an important policy instrument. However, in the collection and marketing of forest products, recognition of and support for producer organizations, is limited. Data, from focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and an analysis of formal producer organizations' functioning and organizational aspects, were used to examine the motives, benefits, challenges, and enabling conditions of collective action in promoting the sustainable production and marketing of shea, frankincense, and honey from dry forests in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Zambia, respectively. Lessons and key recommendations, including those related to policy, are presented on how collective action through formal producer organizations could be assisted to promote responsible forest products collection and marketing practices that benefit small‐scale producers in Africa's dry forests.
Changing the Tobacco Use Management System: Blending Systems Thinking with Actor–Network Theory
Authors: Young David , Borland Ron , Coghill Ken 
Published: March 2012

AbstractManaging “wicked” issues like the tobacco epidemic is addressed using a combination of Open Systems Thinking (OST) and Actor–Network Theory (ANT). OST was used to construct a model of the tobacco problem as a management system acting in a broader environment. This highlighted several problems with the current system but provided no mechanism for reform. ANT, the “sociology of translation,” was used for understanding how change occurs. Unlike systems thinking, ANT focuses the contest for change on heterogeneous networks of human and nonhuman actors that must be constructed through a process of defining and defending models of change, building alliances, gaining public acceptance, and finally achieving institutional acceptance of the reform (or of some compromise). We then show how this dual approach can shed light on a current challenge in controlling tobacco, the issue of product regulation, and the broader issue of harm reduction versus harm elimination.
Preferences, Knowledge, and Citizen Probability Assessments of the Terrorism Risk of Nuclear Power
Authors: Li Quan , Fuhrmann Matthew , Early Bryan R. , Vedlitz Arnold 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHow does the American public assess risk when it comes to national security issues? This paper addresses this question by analyzing variation in citizen probability assessments of the terrorism risk of nuclear power plants. Drawing on the literature on how motivated reasoning, selective information processing, and domain‐specific knowledge influence public opinion, we argue that heterogeneous issue preferences and knowledge of nuclear energy and homeland security have important explanatory power. Using original data from a unique 2009 national survey in the United States, we show that Americans are divided in their probability assessments of the terrorism risk of nuclear power plants. Consistent with our theoretical expectations, individuals who support using nuclear power to meet rising energy demands, who are generally less concerned with terrorism, or who are more knowledgeable about terrorism and nuclear security tend to provide lower assessments of the likelihood that nuclear power plants increase terrorist attacks, and vice versa. The findings have implications for the literature on public opinion, risk assessment, energy policy and planning, and homeland security.
Policy Tool Interactions and the Adoption of State Renewable Portfolio Standards
Authors: Yi Hongtao , Feiock Richard C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe contribute to extant policy theory by focusing on interrelationships between existing policies and innovation. In particular, we call attention to the link between supply‐side incentives and demand‐side innovation, which has not been systematically investigated. Our research expectation is that supply‐side policies generally will complement demand‐side policy, leading to a positive impact on the adoption of demand‐side innovations. We test this idea by examining adoptions of renewable portfolio standards (RPS), a demand‐pull approach targeted to renewable energy generation by utilities, in the American states from 1991 to 2008. Event history models show that an index of supply‐side financial incentives has a strong positive influence on RPS adoption. We do not find support for the hypothesis that this effect is contingent on in‐state carbon‐based energy generation. In conclusion, we argue that the study of policy adoption needs to give greater consideration to the interrelationships among policy instruments.
Introduction: Experience and Inquiétude
Authors: Willen Sarah S. , Seeman Don 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn recent decades, human experience has become focus or frame for a wide variety of projects in psychological anthropology and beyond. Like “culture,” which it arguably seeks to either qualify or displace, the concept of “experience” has generated its own interpretive literature, competing schools of analysis, and internal resistances. We propose that the anthropology of experience has achieved a degree of recognition and maturity that renders genealogical reflection, stocktaking, and agenda setting both possible and necessary. Although the anthropology of experience, like experience itself, does not (and perhaps should not) lend itself to easy definition as a singular or unified theoretical paradigm, it does involve a fluid constellation of themes shared by what are traditionally regarded as parallel or divergent lines of inquiry: what might be glossed imperfectly as the phenomenological and psychoanalytic schools within sociocultural anthropology. Here we aim neither for naïve synthesis nor a mathematical sum of parts, but for more adequate ways of depicting and making sense of what Dewey calls “the inclusive integrity of ‘experience.’” This will require more concerted attention to the sources of ethnographic inquiétude—the gaps, silences, limits, and opacities—that either preoccupy or remain overlooked within both traditions. [experience, subjectivity, intersubjectivity, phenomenological anthropology, psychoanalytic anthropology, inquiétude]