bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moxonidine improves cardiac structure and performance in SHR through inhibition of cytokines, p38 MAPK and Akt
Authors: Aceros H , Farah G , Cobos‐Puc L , Stabile AM , Noiseux N , Mukaddam‐Daher S 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy by moxonidine, a centrally acting sympatholytic imidazoline compound, results from a sustained reduction of DNA synthesis and transient stimulation of DNA fragmentation. Because apoptosis of cardiomyocytes may lead to contractile dysfunction, we investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), time‐ and dose‐dependent effects of in vivo moxonidine treatment on cardiac structure and function as well as on the inflammatory process and signalling proteins involved in cardiac cell survival/death.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH 12 week old SHR received moxonidine at 0, 100 and 400 µg·kg−1·h−1, s.c., for 1 and 4 weeks. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography; plasma cytokines were measured by elisa and hearts were collected for histological assessment of fibrosis and measurement of cardiac proteins by Western blotting. Direct effects of moxonidine on cardiac cell death and underlying mechanisms were investigated in vitro by flow cytometry and Western blotting.KEY RESULTS After 4 weeks, the sub‐hypotensive dose of moxonidine (100 µg) reduced heart rate and improved global cardiac performance, reduced collagen deposition, regressed left ventricular hypertrophy, inhibited Akt and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and attenuated circulating and cardiac cytokines. The 400 µg dose resulted in similar effects but of a greater magnitude, associated with blood pressure reduction. In vitro, moxonidine inhibited norepinephrine‐induced neonatal cardiomyocyte mortality but increased fibroblast mortality, through I1‐receptor activation and differential effects on downstream Akt and p38 MAPK.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS While the antihypertensive action of centrally acting imidazoline compounds is appreciated, new cardiac‐selective I1‐receptor agonists may confer additional benefit.
PGE2‐EP2 signalling in endothelium is activated by haemodynamic stress and induces cerebral aneurysm through an amplifying loop via NF‐κB
Authors: Aoki T. , Nishimura M. , Matsuoka T. , Yamamoto K. , Furuyashiki T. , Kataoka H. , Kitaoka S. , Ishibashi R. , Ishibazawa A. , Miyamoto S. , Morishita R. , Ando J. , Hashimoto N. , Nozaki K. , Narumiya S. 
Published: March 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral aneurysm is a frequent cerebrovascular event and a major cause of fatal subarachnoid haemorrhage, but there is no medical treatment for this condition. Haemodynamic stress and, recently, chronic inflammation have been proposed as major causes of cerebral aneurysm. Nevertheless, links between haemodynamic stress and chronic inflammation remain ill‐defined, and to clarify such links, we evaluated the effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a mediator of inflammation, on the formation of cerebral aneurysms.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Expression of COX and prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) and PGE receptors were examined in human and rodent cerebral aneurysm. The incidence, size and inflammation of cerebral aneurysms were evaluated in rats treated with COX‐2 inhibitors and mice lacking each prostaglandin receptor. Effects of shear stress and PGE receptor signalling on expression of pro‐inflammatory molecules were studied in primary cultures of human endothelial cells (ECs).KEY RESULTS COX‐2, microsomal PGES‐1 and prostaglandin E receptor 2 (EP2) were induced in ECs in the walls of cerebral aneurysms. Shear stress applied to primary ECs induced COX‐2 and EP2. Inhibition or loss of COX‐2 or EP2in vivo attenuated each other's expression, suppressed nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB)‐mediated chronic inflammation and reduced incidence of cerebral aneurysm. EP2 stimulation in primary ECs induced NF‐κB activation and expression of the chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2, essential for cerebral aneurysm.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that shear stress activated PGE2‐EP2 pathway in ECs and amplified chronic inflammation via NF‐κB. We propose EP2 as a therapeutic target in cerebral aneurysm.
The role of underlying structural cause for epilepsy classification: Clinical features and prognosis in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy caused by hippocampal sclerosis versus cavernoma
Authors: Menzler Katja , Thiel Patricia , Hermsen Anke , Chen Xu , Benes Ludwig , Miller Dorothea , Sure Ulrich , Knake Susanne , Rosenow Felix 
Published: March 2011

SummaryPurpose: The recent “Report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology” recommends an epilepsy classification that gives more emphasis to the underlying structural or metabolic cause rather than to the localization of the epileptogenic zone. The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in clinical features, treatment response, and prognosis in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) caused by hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE‐HS) or singular mesiotemporal cavernomas (MTLE‐C) in order to evaluate the impact of underlying pathology on the course of the disease while controlling for localization.Methods: Age at onset, age at surgery, seizure frequency and semiology, pharmacoresistance, psychiatric comorbidities, memory deficits, or initial precipitating insults (e.g., febrile seizures, traumatic brain injury, infection of the central nervous system, birth complications) as well as postoperative outcome were compared in eleven patients with MTLE‐C and 33 patients with MTLE‐HS using nonparametric statistical methods.Key Findings: The postoperative outcome was significantly better in patients with MTLE‐C, even after controlling for preoperative epilepsy duration. Patients with MTLE‐HS more frequently were drug resistant (88% vs. 36%) and more often presented with an initial precipitating insult (70% vs. 27%) and with automotor seizures (79% vs. 46%).Significance: The results suggest that patients with MTLE‐C show a more favorable postoperative outcome, supporting the commission’s suggestion to put more emphasis on the underlying cause in future epilepsy classifications.
Hippocampal sclerosis and a second focal lesion—How often is it ipsilateral?
Authors: Hofman Paul A. M. , Fitt Gregory , Mitchell L. Anne , Jackson Graeme D. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryPurpose:  Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the most common pathologic finding in intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In many patients, HS is accompanied by an extrahippocampal lesion (EHL). We sought to assess the lobar distribution and side of EHLs in relation to HS in a large consecutive series of patients presenting to our epilepsy surgery program.Methods:  The inclusion criterion was the presence of both definite HS and an unequivocal EHL on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in patients evaluated for potential epilepsy surgery at our tertiary epilepsy center.Key Findings:  Fifty‐eight patients were identified over a 7‐year period. This represented about one‐third of all patients with HS. The mean age was 32 years (SD 18.4), and the mean age of seizure onset 13 years (SD 16.4). Fifty‐four percent of the EHLs could be classified as acquired and 36% as developmental. In 98% of patients HS was found on the same side as EHL.Significance:  Our findings support the hypothesis that HS may be a secondary event from seizures generated initially by another focal lesion. However, HS and EHL may also originate from the same insult to the brain.
Clinical experience with generic levetiracetam in people with epilepsy
Authors: Chaluvadi Siresha , Chiang Sharon , Tran Larry , Goldsmith Corey E. , Friedman David E. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryPurpose:  To describe the clinical outcomes of a compulsory switch from branded to generic levetiracetam (LEV) among people with epilepsy (PWE) in an outpatient setting.Methods:  We conducted a retrospective chart review of 760 unduplicated consecutive adult patients attending a tertiary care epilepsy clinic at Ben Taub General Hospital. On November 1, 2008 hospital policy required all patients receiving branded LEV to be automatically switched to generic LEV. We calculated the proportion of patients switching back to branded LEV and reasons for the switch back.Key Findings:  Of the 260 patients (34%) being prescribed LEV (generic and brand name) during the study period, 105 (42.9%) were switched back to brand name LEV by their treating physicians. Reasons for switch back included increase in seizure frequency (19.6% vs. 1.6%; p < 0.0001) and adverse effects (AEs) (3.3%). AEs included headache, fatigue, and aggression. Patient age was associated with switchback when controlling for gender, epilepsy classification, and treatment characteristics [relative risk (RR) 2.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.09–2.84; p < 0.05)]. An increase in seizure frequency subsequent to generic substitution was associated with polytherapy compared to monotherapy (3.225; 1.512–6.880; p < 0.05).Significance:  A significant proportion of patients in our cohort on generic LEV required switch back to the branded drug. Careful monitoring is imperative because a compulsory switch from branded to generic LEV may lead to poor clinical outcomes, with risk of AEs and increased seizure frequency.
Prostate needle biopsies: interobserver variation and clinical consequences of histopathological re‐evaluation
Authors: BERG KASPER DRIMER , TOFT BIRGITTE GRØNKÆR , RØDER MARTIN ANDREAS , BRASSO KLAUS , VAINER BEN , IVERSEN PETER 
Published: March 2011

Berg KD, Toft BG, Røder MA, Brasso K, Vainer B, Iversen P. Prostate needle biopsies: interobserver variation and clinical consequences of histopathological re‐evaluation. APMIS 2011; 119: 239–46.Histopathological grading of prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with significant interobserver variability. This, as well as clinical consequences of histopathological re‐evaluation, was investigated. In 350 patients, histopathological re‐evaluations of prostate biopsies were compared with primary pathology reports and with histopathology of the radical prostatectomy specimen. The consequences of re‐evaluation for clinical workup and treatment of patients according to local algorithms were determined. For Gleason score (GS), complete agreement between primary report and re‐evaluation was found in 76.9%. The cancers were assessed with higher GS at re‐evaluation in 25.0% of patients in cases with primary GS ≤ 6, while scores were devaluated in 3.0% and 10.3% of the patients with primary GS = 7 and ≥8, respectively. Strategies for clinical evaluation and treatment were changed as a result of the biopsy re‐evaluations in 19.7% and 13.1% of patients, respectively. Gleason scoring based on the radical prostatectomy specimen was higher than in both primary reports and re‐evaluation of biopsies. Although a relatively high degree of concordance was found between biopsy assessments, the significant trend towards higher Gleason scoring at re‐evaluation, leading to frequent changes in clinical assessments and surgical strategy, justifies re‐evaluation of PCa biopsies in patients with primary GS ≤ 6.
Interaction between linezolid and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an experimental in vitro model
Authors: CREMADES ROSA , RODRÍGUEZ JUAN CARLOS , GARCIA‐PACHÓN EDUARDO , GALIANA ANTONIO , RUIZ‐GARCÍA MONTSERRAT , LÓPEZ PILAR , ROYO GLORIA 
Published: March 2011

Cremades R, Rodríguez JC, Garcia‐Pachón E, Galiana A, Ruiz‐García M, López P, Royo G. Interaction between linezolid and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an experimental in vitro model. APMIS 2011; 119: 304–8.As linezolid is emerging as a useful alternative in the treatment of multi‐resistant tuberculosis, we developed an in vitro model to elucidate certain aspects of the interaction that takes place between the microorganism and the antibiotic. We found that the drug does not generate resistant mutants following repeated exposure at subinhibitory concentrations and that it exhibits bactericidal activity against most of the susceptible strains in vitro at high concentrations (83.3% of the strains at concentrations of 50 μg/mL) in the exponential growth phase. This bactericidal activity is much less if the microorganism is in nonreplicating phase, even in the case of susceptible strains in vitro. Therefore, linezolid appears to be an alternative as far as generation of resistance is concerned in the treatment of multi‐resistant tuberculosis. However, it has limited bactericidal capacity against strains in nonreplicant phase, which makes it necessary to use linezolid in combination with other drugs that act on these microorganisms.
The presence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) in Turkey: special emphasis on ‘EBV‐positive DLBCL of the elderly’
Authors: UNER AYSEGUL , AKYUREK NALAN , SAGLAM ARZU , ABDULLAZADE SAMIR , UZUM NUKET , ONDER SEVGEN , BARISTA IBRAHIM , BENEKLI MUSTAFA 
Published: March 2011

Uner A, Akyurek N, Saglam A, Abdullazade S, Uzum N, Onder S, Barista I, Benekli M. The presence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) in Turkey: special emphasis on ‘EBV‐positive DLBCL of the elderly’. APMIS 2011; 119: 309–16.Accumulated evidence has shown the importance of Epstein–Barr virus in the pathogenesis of various lymphomas. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Epstein–Barr virus expression and its effect on survival amongst diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases from two large tertiary care centres in Turkey with a particular interest in identifying cases of ‘Epstein–Barr virus‐positive DLBCL of the elderly’. Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma cases diagnosed between 1999 and 2009 were retrieved and 340 cases were used to construct tissue microarrays. The presence of Epstein–Barr virus small ribonucleic acids was examined by in situ hybridization using Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded small RNA (EBER) oligonucleotides. A total of 18 cases (5.3%) showed Epstein–Barr virus expression. Twelve cases were classified as Epstein–Barr virus‐positive DLBCL of the elderly. Epstein–Barr virus‐positive DLBCL cases showed a significantly inferior overall survival as compared with Epstein–Barr virus‐negative cases (p < 0.001). In our study group Epstein–Barr virus expression is not prevalent in DLBCLs. Epstein–Barr virus‐positive DLBCL of the elderly is also rare in the Turkish population. The presence of Epstein–Barr virus, however, is associated with poor prognosis.
A comparison of computer‐ and hand‐generated clinical dental notes with statutory regulations in record keeping
Authors: McAndrew R. , Ban J. , Playle R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntroduction:  Dental patient records should be of high quality, contain information to allow for good continuity of care and clinical defence (should the need ever arise) and, ideally, facilitate clinical audit. Handwritten dental records have been assessed for their compliance to statutory regulations, but the same cannot be levelled at computer‐generated notes. This study aimed to compare and analyse the compliance of both methods of data recording with statutory regulations.Method:  Fifty consecutive sets of handwritten notes and 50 sets of computer‐generated notes were audited for compliance with a number of legal requirements and desirable characteristics for dental records and the results compared. The standard set for compliance with all characteristics was 100%.Results:  The computer‐generated notes satisfied the set standard for 8 of the 11 legal requirements and three of six desirable characteristics. The handwritten notes satisfied the set standard for 1 of 11 legal requirements and none of the desirable characteristics. A statistical difference (using a 95% confidence interval) between the two methods was observed in 5 of 11 legal characteristics and three of six desirable characteristics, all of which were in favour of computer‐generated notes.Conclusions:  Within the limitations of this study, computer‐generated notes achieved a much higher compliance rate with the set parameters, making defence in cases of litigation, continuity of care and clinical audit easier and more efficient.
Assessing professionalism within dental education; the need for a definition
Authors: Zijlstra‐Shaw S. , Robinson P. G. , Roberts T. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractProfessionalism is a broad competency needed by dentists to act effectively and efficiently and is seen as a central part of both undergraduate and postgraduate curricula. Assessment is vital in education to assess progress and direct future learning. It is also an essential part of good professional regulation, which depends upon high quality assessment to maintain credibility. Educators must produce clear expectations that students can strive for. Thus dental educators are required to understand precisely what is meant by “professionalism” in relation to dentistry in order to both teach and assess it. The aim of this paper is to explain the importance of professionalism, explore its features and its assessment as described in the literature. The paper concludes that without a validated definition of this construct, assessment of professionalism within dental education will be compromised.
Retinyl retinoate, a novel hybrid vitamin derivative, improves photoaged skin: a double‐blind, randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: Kim H. , Koh J. , Baek J. , Seo Y. , Kim B. , Kim J. , Lee J. , Ryoo H. , Jung H. 
Published: March 2011

Background: All‐trans‐retinoic acid (RA) and all‐trans‐retinol (ROL) are not widely used as anti‐wrinkle agents due to their irritancy and photo‐stability, respectively. Therefore, the safety and photo‐stability in the development of RA or ROL derivatives have been an important issue.Aim: To identify the efficacy of retinyl retinoate as an anti‐aging agent of cosmetics in treating females over 30 years old with periorbital wrinkles.Methods: The clinical study was a prospective, double‐blind, randomized, and controlled study with a total of 11 Korean women. At every 4 weeks, the effectiveness was assessed with a global photodamage score, photographs, and image analysis using replicas and visiometers. The dermal distance and intensity was also evaluated using Dermascan C.Results: A statistically significant improvement in facial wrinkles (P<0.05) in eleven volunteers was observed in a clinical trial. The successive application of 0.06% retinyl retinoate cream for 3 months showed decreased depth and area of wrinkles in comparison with 0.075% retinol cream. The visual wrinkle improvement and the maximum roughness improvement rate (R2) for retinyl retinoate cream were 22% higher than that of retinol cream after 12 weeks. A statistically significant increase was observed after 8 and 4 weeks for dermal distance and dermal intensity, respectively (P<0.05).Conclusions: Retinyl retinoate had characteristic features of new anti‐aging agents, and effectively improved facial wrinkle conditions.
Soft Tissue Attachment to Titanium Implants Coated with Growth Factors
Authors: Bates Christopher , Marino Victor , Fazzalari Nicola L. , Bartold P. Mark 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: Enhancing the connective tissue seal around dental implants may be an important factor in implant survival.Purpose: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of implant surface modification with either platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) or enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on connective tissue attachment to titanium implants.Materials and Methods: Eighteen implants (Branemark® Mk III Groovy NP (3.3 mmØ × 10 mm, Nobel Biocare) were implanted subcutaneously into 12 rats. Six implants each were coated with either PDGF or EMD immediately prior to implantation and six implants were left uncoated. Implants were retrieved at 4 and 8 weeks and assessed histologically to compare the soft tissue adaptation to the implant surfaces.Results: Ingrowth by soft connective tissue into the threads of all implants was noted at 4 and 8 weeks. Coating with growth factors did not alter the orientation of fibroblasts and collagen fibers. The depth of connective tissue penetration into the implant grooves was significantly greater for the implants coated with PDGF at 4 weeks. The thickness of the connective tissue in growth was significantly less for the implants coated with PDGF at 8 weeks.Conclusion: Coating of the implant surface with rhPDGF‐BB or EMD can increase the speed and quantity of soft tissue healing around the implant surface.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation, Implant Survival and Quality of Life 2 to 5 Years after Resection of Oral Tumors
Authors: Katsoulis Joannis , Fierz Janine , IIzuka Takeyuki , Mericske‐Stern Regina 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: After oral tumor resection, structural and functional rehabilitation by means of dental prostheses is complex, and positive treatment outcome is not always predictable.Purpose: The objective of the study was to report on oral rehabilitation and quality of life 2–5 years after resection of malignant oral tumors.Materials and Methods: Data of 46 patients (57 ± 7 years) who underwent oral tumor surgery were available. More than 50% of tumors were classified T3 or T4. Open oro‐nasal defects resulted in 12 patients and full mandibulary block resections in 23 patients. Comprehensive planning, implant placement, and prosthetic rehabilitation followed an interdisciplinary protocol. Analysis comprised tumor location, type of prostheses, implant survival, and quality of life.Results: Because of advanced tumor status, resections resulted in marked alteration of the oral anatomy requiring complex treatment procedures. Prosthetic rehabilitation comprised fixed and removable prostheses, with 104 implants placed in 28 patients (60%). Early implant loss was high (13%) and cumulative survival rate of loaded implants was <90% after 5 years. Prosthetic plans had to be modified because of side effects of tumor therapy, complications with implants and tumor recurrence. The majority of patients rated quality of life favorable, but some experienced impaired swallowing, dry mouth, limited mouth opening, appearance, and soreness.Conclusions: Some local effects of tumor therapy could not be significantly improved by prosthetic rehabilitation leading to functional and emotional disability. Many patients had passed away or felt too ill to fill the questionnaires. This case series confirms the complex anatomic alterations after tumor resection and the need for individual treatment approaches especially regarding prosthesis design. In spite of disease‐related local and general restrictions, most patients gave a positive assessment of quality of life.