bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pioneering Digital Cementing Solutions and Workflow Integration in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Yanes M. I. , Siddiqi F. A. , Elhancha A. , Qasmi U. , Lawrence D. W. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In today's world, complex issues are being approached from a digitalization point of view to leverage the power of data and connectivity. For well integrity assurance cementing operations are among the last oilfield services to adopt digital tools to enhance quality.
The consistent integration of digital technologies unlocks the delivery of well integrity for oil and gas wells and helps both operators and service companies to optimize their operations. Real-time data streaming, processing, and expert-evaluation, changes the paradigm that cementing is an analog (– invisible) operation and enables us to identify events earlier that could later jeopardize well integrity.
Three main digital workflows are discussed in this paper. Cementing data storage and processing (CDSP), real time data acquisition and transmission (RTDT), and real-time cementing evaluation (RTCE). RTDT consists of execution software that provides real-time data acquisition and transmission. CDSP is the workflow that allows to properly store and label execution data as well as match it to its respective design information. RTCE consists of software which enables live cement job evaluation and decision-making by combining design data with acquisition data from the rig and the cementing equipment.
Cementing is typically considered an analog service where focus is placed on chemistry and machinery, however, with the introduction of digital technologies, it's possible to leverage data using novel software and advance mathematical models. This process offers useful insights and facilitate timely decision making for critical operations. Real-time monitoring and information technology have a profound impact in all industry segments, particularly in cementing operations. It has brought efficiency, accuracy, reliability, and has increased safety in this sector.
Innovative Techniques for Managing Sustained Annulus Pressure in Highly Fractured Carbonate Field
Authors: Adawi A. Al , Mahrooqi M. Al , Mahruqi I. , Riyami S. Al , Yahmadi S. Al , Zeidi A. AL , Rawas A. Al 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Sustained Annulus Pressure (SAP) represents a prevalent challenge in the operational lifecycle of oil and gas wells, with reported incidence rates of approximately 44%. This paper investigates the specific challenges associated with SCP in Natih field, an aged and highly fractured carbonate field located in the Sultanate of Oman. It evaluates the efficacy of two innovative technologies - Perf, Wash & Cement and Local Expander technology - in addressing this issue.
The discussion commences with an overview of SAP in the field and its criticality within our operational philosophy. The scope extends to the practical application of these technologies across diverse well conditions, emphasizing their impact on operational efficiency. A comprehensive analysis of field applications of both technologies is presented, encompassing procedural steps and process flow analysis to highlight operational efficiencies achieved during various stages of well intervention.
The results demonstrate a substantial reduction in sustained annulus pressure, accompanied by enhanced well integrity and operational safety. Observations indicate that these technologies not only augment current practices but also provide environmentally safer solutions. The paper concludes that these technologies have the potential to revolutionize well pressure management strategies.
Furthermore, this paper contributes new insights into the field of well pressure management, particularly concerning sustained annulus pressure. By analyzing the practical applications of Perf, Wash & Cement and Local Expander technology, it enriches the existing knowledge base and presents innovative solutions that can significantly enhance efficiency, safety, and environmental sustainability within the petroleum industry.
Finally, the paper outlines the next steps in our ongoing efforts to combat SAP, providing a roadmap for future endeavors in this area.
Enhancing Well Integrity and Operational Efficiency in Cementing Operations: The Transformative Impact of Real-Time Cement Evaluation Software in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Otudi A. , Alnouri M. , Siddiqi F. , Sabri M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper we explore the advancements in well integrity verification in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through the digitalization of cementing processes. We highlight the transition to more efficient operations, emphasizing the pivotal role of digital technologies that enable real-time monitoring and evaluation in modernizing cementing practices within the oil and gas industry.
Key variables such as cement pump rate, density, and pressure, integral to the cementing process, are closely monitored in any cement job. The introduction of real-time cement evaluation software (RTCES) has revolutionized the monitoring and live transmission of these critical data. RTCES facilitates live simulations that align acquired pressure and rates with expected values, promptly identifying deviations or anomalies. This can be particularly crucial in managed pressure cementing (MPC) jobs, where monitoring live equivalent circulating density (ECD) ensures it stays within prescribed pore and fracture pressure limits.
In its extensive application over the past year, RTCES has proven to be instrumental in identifying multiple near-miss incidents, thereby significantly enhancing risk mitigation. A notable instance includes the early detection of a deviation in mud weight during displacement. Had this deviation gone undetected, it could have resulted in catastrophic nonproductive time caused by lost well control. This early detection by RTCES allowed for timely intervention and immediate corrective action, effectively averting potential severe lost time. In another significant case, RTCES accurately pinpointed an ECD spike exceeding the fracture pressure limits during an MPC job. The system's prompt alert enabled timely adjustments, including reducing backpressure and pump rate, thus effectively preventing significant losses. These examples illustrate the system's efficacy in not only enhancing well integrity verification, but also in boosting operational efficiency by limiting the need for remedial work to address integrity issues. This positive impact is further proven by the substantial reductions in near-misses and the marked improvements in resource utilization.
While digitalization has permeated many industries, cementing in the oil and gas sector has lagged. RTCES represents a significant leap in this domain, paving the way for more sophisticated, efficient, and successful cementing operations. We will not only demonstrate the immediate benefits of digitalization in cementing, but also open an avenue for future research and application in this critical field of real-time cement monitoring and evaluation.
HDL can predict the treatment of hypotension after CAS surgery for initial internal carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Ma Lincen , Yang Cao , Ge Chang , Xu Jingxuan , Yang Yan , Zhang Xu , Sheng Qiang , Shao Yunxiang , Deng Guoqi , Liu Siyuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background Ischemic stroke ranks at the forefront of the global spectrum of causes of death. Internal carotid artery stenosis is one of the causes of ischemic stroke, and CAS is an important method to treat internal carotid artery stenosis. However, postoperative hypotension and other complications can lead to serious neurological defects.
Methods The clinical data and imaging data of patients with internal carotid artery stenosis treated by stenting in the Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2021 to December 2023 were collected for statistical analysis.
Results A total of 23 patients were enrolled, 87% were male, the median age of onset was 65 years (IQR, 57-71 years), 56.2% had a history of smoking, 82.6% had hypertension, 78.9% had poor blood pressure control, 47.8% had a chronic disease, 81.8% of whom were hypertensive. Before admission, 74% of the patients had transient or persistent neurological impairment, that is TIA or IS at any stage. Of the 46 internal carotid arteries in 23 patients, 25 (54.3%) had severe stenosis, 60.9% had bilateral stenosis, and 85.7% mainly had bi-focal or severe and moderate stenosis on one side. 60.9% developed postoperative hypotension, of which 57.1% were treated with vasoactive drugs. Only HDL levels were different in the three groups with normal blood pressure, rehydration after hypotension, and medication after hypotension.
Conclusions HDL level does not predict whether blood pressure will decrease after surgery, but if carotid sinus response occurs, high HDL (≧1.0mmol/L) may be more likely to require vasopressor therapy while low HDL (<1.0mmol/L) can be treated with fluid rehydration.
Effects of maize-soybean rotation and plant residue return on maize yield and soil microbial communities
Authors: wang Yan , Li Qiuzhu , Zhang Liqiang , Wang Hongyu , Chen haoyuan , Cui Zhengguo , Cui Jinhu , Hao jianjun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and aims
The practice of returning corn stalks back to fields is widely implemented in maize cropping systems, but its impacts on maize yield is inconsistent due to different methods employed. We hypothesized soybean-maize rotation system with returning crop stalks to enhance soil health and maize yield.
Methods
A field trial was carried out from 2013 to 2018, comparing a soybean-maize rotation system with sole maize cultivation. Soil physicochemical properties, agronomic traits of maize and soil microbial community were determined.
Results
Maize yield and ear diameter were significantly higher in the rotational cropping system in 2018, compared to monocropping. Over the years, organic matter contents remained stable in the soil under rotational cropping but decreased in the monocropping soil. Different cropping systems also led to shifts in soil microbial communities: rotational cropping augmented fungal diversity, though the overall compositions of bacterial and fungal communities did not significantly differ between the two cropping systems. The proliferation and beneficial impact of functional microorganisms involved in crop residue decomposition, biological control of soil-borne disease, nutrient metabolism, and nutrient uptake were closely related to the improvement of maize yield and soil nutrition within the rotational cropping system.
Conclusions
Maize-soybean rotation and plant residue return sustained increased maize yield and organic matter contents of soil. The overall effect of the soil microbiome exhibited a positive association with both soil health and maize yield. This study highlights the potential of combining crop residue returns with crop rotation in bolstering soil health and fostering increased maize yield.
Structural basis of Δ9-THC analog activity at the Cannabinoid 1 receptor
Authors: Thorsen Thor , Kulkarni Yashraj , Sykes David , Bøggild Andreas , Drace Taner , Hompluem Pattarin , Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas Christos , Nikas Spyros , Daver Henrik , Makriyannis Alexandros , Nissen Poul , Gajhede Michael , Veprintsev Dmitry , Boesen Thomas , Kastrup Jette , Gloriam David 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal psychoactive compound derived from the cannabis plant Cannabis sativa and approved for emetic conditions, appetite stimulation and sleep apnea relief. THC’s psychoactive actions are mediated primarily by the cannabinoid receptor CB1. Here, we determine the cryo-EM structure of HU210, a THC analog and widely used tool compound, bound to CB1 and its primary transducer, Gi1. We leverage this structure for docking and 1,000 ns molecular dynamics simulations of THC and 10 structural analogs delineating their spatiotemporal interactions at the molecular level. Furthermore, we pharmacologically profile their recruitment of Gi and β-arrestins and reversibility of binding from an active complex. By combining detailed CB1 structural information with molecular models and signaling data we uncover the differential spatiotemporal interactions these ligands make to receptors governing potency, efficacy, bias and kinetics. This may help explain the actions of abused substances, advance fundamental receptor activation studies and design better medicines.
What factors predict ambulance pre-alerts to the emergency department? Analysis of routine data from three UK ambulance services.
Authors: Sampson Fiona Clare , Pilbery Richard , Herbert Esther , Goodacre Steve W , Bell Fiona B , Spaight Rob , Rosser Andy , Webster Peter , Millins Mark , Pountney Andy , Coster Joanne E , Long Jaqui , O'Hara Rachel , Foster Alexis , Miles Jamie , Turner Janette , Boyd Aimee 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
Ambulance clinicians use pre-alert calls to advise emergency departments (ED) of the arrival of patients requiring immediate review or intervention. Consistency of pre-alert practice is important in ensuring appropriate ED response to pre-alert calls. We used routine data to describe pre-alert practice and explore factors affecting variation in practice.
Methods
We undertook an observational study using a linked dataset incorporating 12 months’ ambulance patient records, ambulance clinician data and emergency call data for three UK ambulance services. We used LASSO regression to identify candidate variables for multivariate logistic regression models to predict variation in pre-alert use, analysing clinician factors (role, experience, qualification, time of pre-alert during shift), patient factors (NEWS2, clinical working impression, age, sex) and hospital factors (receiving ED, ED handover delay status).
Results
From the dataset of 1,363,274 patients conveyed to ED, 142,795 (10.5%) were pre-alerted, of whom only a third were for conditions with clear pre-alert pathways (e.g. sepsis, ST-elevation MI, major trauma). Pre-alert rates varied across and within different ambulance services. Casemix (illness acuity score, clinical diagnostic impression) was the strongest predictor of pre-alert use but male patient sex, clinician role, receiving hospital, and hospital turnaround delay at receiving hospitals were also statistically significant predictors, after adjusting for casemix. There was no evidence that pre-alert rates are higher during the final hour of shift.
Conclusions
Pre-alert decisions are determined by factors other than illness acuity and clinical diagnostic impression. Variation in pre-alert practice suggests that procedures and processes for pre-alerting may lack clarity and improved pre-alert protocols may be required. Research is required to determine whether our findings are reproducible elsewhere and why non-clinical factors (e.g. patient gender) may influence pre-alert practice.
A study to assess attitude and perceived barriers towards clinical nursing research among the staff nurses working in selected hospitals of Assam
Authors: Hazarika Darshana , Lahkar Mangala 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
In the era of clinical evidence-based practice, research is crucial to advancing the medical field to provide the best possible care to patients. This study aimed to assess attitudes toward and perceived barriers to clinical nursing research among staff nurses working in selected hospitals in Assam
Methodology:
A quantitative descriptive design was used for this study. A total of 95 staff nurses were selected through a convenient sampling technique. On the basis of a literature search, a Google-linked questionnaire was created and distributed among 95 staff nurses from the selected hospitals of Assam via WhatsApp and Messenger.
Results
The results of the study showed that 50 (52.50%) of the nurses had positive attitudes toward clinical nursing, and 45 (47.30%) had negative attitudes toward clinical nursing. Most of the participants reported a lack of awareness of basic research skills (74.7%), a lack of interest (16.8%), a lack of familiarity with statistical analysis (67.4%), a lack of professional support (71.6%), a lack of time due to being overburdened with patient care/professional tasks (85.3%), a lack of financial support (77.9%), insufficient incentives and rewards in the work setting (71.6%), and a lack of competent supervisors (76.8%). The attitude toward clinical nursing research was not significantly associated with ownership (p = .007), work area (p = .002) or research type (p = .042). Perceived barriers to clinical nursing research were significantly associated with attending training/workshops/conference (p = .002) and conducting research (p = .018).
Conclusion
Most of the staff nurses had positive attitudes toward clinical nursing research. By offering appropriate mentoring from the teaching team, nurses can overcome obstacles and become more productive.
A study on synthetic diamond quality evaluation using an enhanced YOLOv8n-based algorithm named YOLOv8n_adamas
Authors: Zhang Shixiong , Li Ang , ren Jianxin , Li xingchong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In response to the requirements for synthetic diamond quality evaluation in industrial applications, this study proposes an enhanced algorithm titled YOLOv8n_adamas, derived from an improved variant of the YOLOv8n neural network. To overcome the limitations in feature extraction and recognition of synthetic diamond images using the YOLOv8n model, the backbone architecture was redesigned by referring to ConvNextV2 structure, thereby enhancing the feature extraction capacity of the YOLOv8n backbone. An attention-based dynamic detection head was integrated into the original model, replacing the conventional detection head, leading to an improvement in the model's object detection sensitivity. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the baseline YOLOv8n network, the YOLOv8n_adamas algorithm achieves a 3.4% increase in precision, a 3.4% rise in recall, and respective improvements of 2.5% and 1.6% in mean precision at confidence levels of 0.5 and 0.95. Consequently, the accuracy of synthetic diamond quality evaluations has been significantly boosted.
Seismic Characterization of Subsurface Soils at Ikot Abasi, Nigeria Through Integrated Geotechnical Investigations
Authors: Charles Kennedy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Subsurface exploration programs comprising borehole drilling, sampling, in-situ testing and geophysical profiling were conducted at Ikot Abasi in southern Nigeria to comprehensively evaluate seismic properties of the near-surface soils. Laboratory index testing of soil samples provided classifications and insights into the complex stratigraphy consisting of interbedded sand, silt and clay deposited under fluvial-deltaic and marine conditions characteristic of the Niger Delta region. Shear wave velocity profiling utilizing multi-channel analysis of surface waves generated high-resolution small-strain shear modulus logs. Derived Vs30 values classified the site according to international codes. Empirical correlations developed between in-situ penetration resistance, grain characteristics and shear wave velocity closely matched field measurements, validating the regression models' capability to reliably estimate seismic response from index parameters. Simplified methods incorporating normalized penetration resistances and dynamic properties assessed the stability of soil strata against liquefaction. The systematic approach aligned with established protocols and furnished robust microzonation/design data. In conclusion, the integrated field and analytical investigation techniques enhanced geological comprehension and validated predictive seismic characterization of the heterogenous subsurface deposits at Ikot Abasi.
Diagnostic yield and clinical utility of whole-exome sequencing in pediatric patients with rare and undiagnosed diseases: a prospective, single-center study from the Czech Republic
Authors: Slaba Katerina , Pokorna Petra , Jugas Robin , Palova Hana , Prochazkova Dagmar , Aulicka Stefania , Danhofer Pavlina , Horak Ondrej , Tuckova Jana , Kleiblova Petra , Gailyova Renata , Hrunka Matej , Jouza Martin , Pinkova Blanka , Papez Jan , Konecna Petra , Zidkova Jana , Stourac Petr , Sterba Jaroslav , Demlova Regina , Demlova Eva , Jabandziev Petr , Slaby Ondrej 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: In the last decade, undiagnosed disease programs have emerged to address the significant number of individuals with suspected but undiagnosed rare genetic diseases. Along with developing these specialized programs has been a rapid shift towards using whole-exome sequencing (WES) as the first-line diagnostic test for these patients.
Methods: In our single-center study, we have launched a pilot program for pediatric patients with undiagnosed diseases in the second-largest university hospital in the Czech Republic. WES was implemented as a first-line test after inclusion in the study as part of the diagnostic workflow. This study was prospectively conducted at the Department of Pediatrics at University Hospital Brno between 2020 and 2023.
Results: A total of 58 Czech patients with undiagnosed diseases were enrolled in the study. The abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis was the most frequently observed major symptom, followed by a global developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features, muscular hypotonia, failure to thrive, and intellectual disability. All children underwent singleton WES with targeted phenotype-driven analysis. We identified 28 variants, including 11 pathogenic, 13 likely pathogenic, and 4 VUS according to ACMG guidelines, as diagnostic of genetic diseases in 25 patients, resulting in an overall diagnostic yield of 43%. Eleven variants were novel and had not been previously reported in any public database. The overall clinical utility (actionability) enabling at least one type of change in the medical care of the patient was 76%, whereas the average number of clinical implications to individual patient care was two.
Conclusions: Singleton WES facilitated the diagnostic process in the Czech undiagnosed pediatric population. We believe it is an effective approach to enable appropriate counseling, surveillance, and personalized clinical management.