bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence of human phagocyte cell lines: comparison between DMSO differentiated PLB 985 and HL 60 cells
Authors: Ashkenazi Avraham , Marks Robert. S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe human promyelocytic leukemia HL 60 and PLB 985 cell lines can differentiate into terminally mature neutrophil‐like cells via dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) induction. In this study the luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence (LCL) of both neutrophil‐like cells was analayzed and compared in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and opsonized zymosan (OZ) stimulants. It was shown that, like human blood neutrophils, both neutrophil‐like cells expressed high levels of CD11b, but unlike human blood neutrophils these cells almost lack LCL‐detectable intracellular oxidase activity. By studying the pattern of activation to OZ and PMA and priming with GM‐CSF, we concluded that there is no difference between the percentage of differentiation and function of DMSO‐induced HL 60 and PLB 985. However, the LCL capacity (area under the curve) of DMSO induced PLB 985 cells was higher than that of HL 60 cells in response to both PMA and OZ, which implies a higher capacity to generate reactive oxygen species in PLB 985 cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of dioxygen on luminol chemiluminescence
Authors: Baj Stefan , Krawczyk Tomasz , Staszewska Karina 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAssays of peroxy compounds are commonly performed after chromatographic separation of analysed mixtures. In high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), solvent reservoirs are sparged by helium or inline vacuum‐degassed in order to control the compressibility of the solvents for efficient pumping. In this study, we investigated the influence of degassing the reaction solution on the light output of the hemin‐catalyzed luminol oxidation by various oxidants. We found that, when t‐butyl hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide, n‐butyl hydroperoxide, iodosobenzene and iodobenzene diacetate were used as oxidants, the luminol chemiluminescence was lowered by 50–70% compared with an equilibrated and degassed solution. The opposite effect was observed when dibenzoyl peroxide and 3‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid were used as oxidants, as the chemiluminescence increased by approximately 20–30%. The reduced chemiluminescence was explained based on the known role of dioxygen in luminol chemiluminescence. The enhancement of chemiluminescence was rationalized by suggesting an alternative mechanism of luminol oxidation valid for peroxyacids and diacyl peroxides in which the reaction of a peroxyacid anion with the diazaquinone led to light emission with a higher quantum yield than the usual path, which is suppressed by the removal of dioxygen from the reaction solution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of ice content in biological model solutions when frozen under high pressure
Authors: Guignon B. , Aparicio C. , Otero L. , Sanz P. D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHigh pressure is, at least, as effective as cryoprotective agents (CPAs) and are used for decreasing both homogenous nucleation and freezing temperatures. This fact gives rise to a great variety of possible cryopreservation processes under high pressure. They have not been optimized yet, since they are relatively recent and are mainly based on the pressure–temperature phase diagram of pure water. Very few phase diagrams of biological material are available under pressure. This is owing to the lack of suitable equipment and to the difficulties encountered in carrying out the measurements. Different aqueous solutions of salt and CPAs as biological models are studied in the range of 0°C down to ‐35°C, 0.1 up to 250 MPa, and 0–20% w/w total solute concentration. The phase transition curves of glycerol and of sodium chloride with either glycerol or sucrose in aqueous solutions are determined in a high hydrostatic pressure vessel. The experimental phase diagrams of binary solutions were well described by a third‐degree polynomial equation. It was also shown that Robinson and Stokes' equation at high pressure succeeds in predicting the phase diagrams of both binary and ternary solutions. The solute cryoconcentration and the ice content were calculated as a function of temperature and pressure conditions during the freezing of a binary solution. This information should provide a basis upon which high‐pressure cryopreservation processes may be performed and the damages derived from ice formation evaluated. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Release of Volatile Aldehydes by the Brown Algal Kelp Laminaria digitata in Response to Both Biotic and Abiotic Stress
Authors: Goulitquer Sophie , Ritter Andrés , Thomas François , Ferec Cyrille , Salaün Jean‐Pierre , Potin Philippe 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWith a little kelp from my friends: In response to biotic and abiotic stress, the brown algal kelp Laminaria digitata releases volatile fatty acid aldehydes under laboratory conditions and in its natural environment (red). In response to 4‐HHE treatment, L. digitata releases (13S)‐HOTrE (green). These results support the hypothesis that these compounds may mediate kelp responses to stress.magnified image
Attosecond Quantum Stroboscope
Authors: Paulus Gerhard G. , Stania Gernot 
Published: March 2009

AbstractElectron disco: A “quantum stroboscope” for capturing the electron motion on a subfemtosecond timescale for a particular class of problems is highlighted. The picture shows a diffraction pattern caused by wave packets obtained by synchronizing attosecond UV pulses to a near‐IR field and ionizing rare‐gas atoms.magnified image
Cover Picture: Tuneable Control of Interfacial Rheology and Emulsion Coalescence (ChemPhysChem 5/2009)
Authors: Malcolm Andrew S. , Dexter Annette F. , Katakdhond Jayant A. , Karakashev Stoyan I. , Nguyen Anh V. , Middelberg Anton P. J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe cover picture illustrates a microfluidic dodecane‐in‐water emulsion stabilized by the designed peptide surfactant AM1, which forms a cohesive interfacial layer through reversible interaction with ZnII. Deformed coagulated droplets are stabilized against coalescence in the presence of an elastic interfacial layer, but coalesce rapidly following ZnII chelation with EDTA. A. P. J. Middelberg et al show on page 778 that coalescence rate can be controlled by altering interfacial rheology and hence the dynamics of thin film rupture.magnified image
On nonlinear preconditioners in Newton–Krylov methods for unsteady flows
Authors: Birken Philipp , Jameson Antony 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe application of nonlinear schemes like dual time stepping as preconditioners in matrix‐free Newton–Krylov‐solvers is considered and analyzed, with a special emphasis on unsteady viscous flows. We provide a novel formulation of the left preconditioned operator that says it is in fact linear in the matrix‐free sense, but changes the Newton scheme. This allows to get some insight in the convergence properties of these schemes, which is demonstrated through numerical results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive gradient smoothing method (GSM) for fluid dynamics problems
Authors: Xu George X. , Liu G. R. , Tani Atusi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this paper, a novel adaptive gradient smoothing method (GSM) based on irregular cells and strong form of governing equations for fluid dynamics problems with arbitrary geometrical boundaries is presented. The spatial derivatives at a location of interest are consistently approximated by integrally averaging of gradients over a smoothing domain constructed around the location. Such a favorable GSM scheme corresponds to a compact stencil with positive coefficients of influence on regular cells. The error equidistribution strategy is adopted in the solution‐based adaptive GSM procedure, and adaptive grids are attained with the remeshing techniques and the advancing front method. In this paper, the adaptive GSM has been tested for solutions to both Poisson and Euler equations. The sensitivity of the GSM to the irregularity of the grid is examined in the solutions to the Poisson equation. We also investigate the effects of error indicators based on the first derivatives and second derivatives of density, respectively, to the solutions to the shock flow over the NACA0012 airfoil. The adaptive GSM effectively yields much more accurate results than the non‐adaptive GSM solver. The whole adaptive process is very stable and no spurious behaviors are observed in all testing cases. The cosmetic techniques for improving grid quality can effectively boost the accuracy of GSM solutions. It is also found that the adaptive GSM procedure using the second derivatives of density to estimate the error indicators can automatically and accurately resolve all key features occurring in the flow with discontinuities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of irregular, transient fMRI activity in normal controls using 2dTCA: Comparison to event‐related analysis using known timing
Authors: Morgan Victoria L. , Gore John C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWhen events occur spontaneously during the acquisition of a series of images, traditional modeling methods for detecting functional MRI activation detection cannot be employed. The two‐dimensional temporal clustering algorithm, 2dTCA, has been shown to accurately detect random, transient activations in computer simulations without the use of known event timings. In this study we applied the 2dTCA technique to detect the timings and spatial locations of sparse, irregular, transient activations of the visual, auditory, and motor cortices in 12 normal controls. Experiments with one and two independent types of stimuli were employed. Event‐related activation using known timing was compared with event‐related activation using 2dTCA‐detected timing in individuals and across groups. The 2dTCA algorithm detected the activation from all presented stimuli in every subject. When compared with block‐design results using a measure of correlation between activation maps, no significant difference was found between the 2dTCA activation maps and the event‐related maps using known timing across all subjects. Therefore, 2dTCA has the potential to be an accurate and more practical method for detection of spontaneous, transient events using fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grafting tomato plant on tobacco plant and its effect on tomato plant yield and nicotine content
Authors: Yasinok Aysegul E , Sahin Feride I , Eyidogan Fusun , Kuru Mustafa , Haberal Mehmet 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Two different tomato scions, cv. Elazig and cv. Sweet (cherry) (Solanum lycopersicumL.) were self‐grafted and grafted onto tobacco root stock (Nicotiana tobacumL.). Then, grafted tomato plants were evaluated in terms of flower and fruit yield. Tobacco‐grafted tomato plant fruits were also evaluated for nicotine content.RESULTS:Tobacco grafting had a positive effect on the tomato plant cultivation performance; the onset of flowering was almost 15 days earlier and the tomato flower and fruit yields increased in both tomato cultivars. Tobacco grafting resulted in 5.0% and 30.1% increase in total fruit weight for cv. Sweet and cv. Elazig, respectively. Because the level of nicotine was within acceptable ranges, tobacco‐grafted tomato fruits were considered to be safe for consumption. Self‐grafted tomato cultivars also had flowering time onsets almost 11 days earlier. However, self‐grafting caused 6.0% and 7.6% less total fruit yield per cv. Sweet and cv. Elazig, respectively.CONCLUSION:In conclusion, our results show that tomato–tobacco grafting is a novel and promising technique for improvement of not only tomato plant performance and yield, but also that it can be employed to various tomato varieties. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Outcomes of primary surgical treatment of T1 and T2 carcinomas of the oropharynx
Authors: Moncrieff Marc , Sandilla Jessica , Clark Jonathan , Clifford Anthony , Shannon Kerwin , Gao Kan , O'Brien Christopher 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives:Oropharyngeal cancers represent 10%–15% of all head and neck cancers. At presentation 60%–70% will have advanced‐stage disease with a high incidence of neck metastases. Primary treatment employing radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, is widely prescribed. The aim of this study is to analyze the outcome of definitive surgical management of T1–T2 cancers of the oropharynx.Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients treated at the Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute. Patients with previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx were included according to the TNM stage of the disease as follows: T1 or T2, any N‐stage, and M0. All patients underwent definitive primary surgical management. Primary analysis endpoints were locoregional control rates and disease‐specific survival.Results:Ninety‐two patients were identified, of which 26 were T1 and 66 were T2. Forty‐four patients had clinical neck disease, and 57 had postoperative radiotherapy. The results showed no significant difference between the T1 and T2 groups with respect to local control or treatment type; however, advanced‐stage neck disease was associated with a worse prognosis. The 5‐year disease‐specific survival was 83% and local control rate was 87%. Ultimately, 25 of the 92 patients had treatment failure (27%).Conclusions:Selected patients with early‐stage primary cancers of the oropharynx may be effectively treated with definitive primary surgery. Laryngoscope, 119:307–311, 2009
Lithotripsy for refractory pediatric sialolithiasis
Authors: McJunkin Jonathan , Milov Simon , Jeyakumar Anita 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSymptomatic salivary stones in the middle or proximal parotid duct have traditionally been treated by gland excision, which is associated with a 3% to 27% risk to the facial nerve in the pediatric population. Minimally invasive approaches to the management of salivary duct calculi have been introduced over the last several years. Fluoroscopically guided basket retrieval, lithotripsy, and intraoral stone removal under general anesthesia have found favor with many surgeons. Our patient had extracorporeal lithotripsy to his parotid gland with complete disintegration of the stone. He has had no evidence of stone recurrence or further bouts of parotitis. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy with or without duct dilation is an efficient technique for the therapy of sialolithiasis in selected patients, especially patients who are at higher risk from a surgical standpoint. Laryngoscope, 119:298–299, 2009
Luminescent and Ionochromic Polyiminofluorene with Conjugated Terpyridine Substituent Groups
Authors: Rabindranath Aravinda Raman , Maier Anna , Schäfer Mathias , Tieke Bernd 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPoly(N‐(4‐(2,2′:6,2″‐terpyridyl)phenyl)imino‐2,7‐fluorenylene P1‐2 was prepared upon palladium‐catalyzed polycondensation of 2,7‐dibromo‐9,9‐di‐n‐hexylfluorene 1 and 4′‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐2,2′:6,2″‐terpyridine 2 with 80% yield. MALDI–TOF spectroscopy indicated a maximum degree of polymerization of 14, the most abundant species being the pentamer and the hexamer. P1‐2 is highly fluorescent in solution. The emission maximum in chloroform is 510 nm, and the quantum yield Φf is 55%. UV/Vis titration of P1‐2 with zinc acetate and iron(II) perchlorate indicates formation of metal–terpyridine (tpy) 1:2 (bis)complexes. Since formation of the (bis)complex is accompanied by cross‐linking, the polymer slowly precipitates, especially in non‐polar solvents. Comparative titration of monomer 2 with zinc acetate proceeds under sharp increase of photoluminescence intensity until a metal–tpy 2:1 ratio is reached. We assume the formation of two zinc (mono)complexes, one with the tpy and the other one with the amino group of 2. CV analysis of P1‐2 in acetonitrile indicates three quasi‐reversible oxidation processes with mid‐potentials of 0.45, 0.50 and 0.95 V versus SCE due to oxidation of the backbone nitrogen atoms, while the reduction at −2.6 V is irreversible. The strong ionochromism renders P1‐2 useful as highly sensitive and specific fluorimetric chemosensor.magnified image
Dilatometry: A Tool to Measure the Influence of Cooling Rate and Pressure on the Phase Behavior of Nucleated Polypropylene
Authors: Housmans Jan‐Willem , Balzano Luigi , Adinolfi Monica , Peters Gerrit W. M. , Meijer Han E. H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe pressure and cooling rate dependence of the phase diagram of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with the nucleating agent 1,3:2,4‐bis(3,4‐dimethylbenzylidene)‐sorbitol (DMDBS) is investigated. A custom designed dilatometer is used to measure the specific volume of the blends for a wide range of cooling rates and elevated pressures. The crystallization line in the phase diagram shifts to higher temperatures with increase in the pressure and decrease in the cooling rate, independent of the concentration. The influence of cooling rate and pressure is related to the final morphology determined from X‐ray diffraction. Dilatometry can be used as an interesting alternative to extract information on the phase behavior and crystallinity, for conditions hard or not at all obtainable with standard techniques like DSC or SALS.magnified image
Fluorene‐Based Copolymers Containing Dinaphtho‐s‐indacene as New Building Blocks for High‐Efficiency and Color‐Stable Blue LEDs
Authors: Guo Xin , Cheng Yanxiang , Xie Zhiyuan , Geng Yanhou , Wang Lixiang , Jing Xiabin , Wang Fosong 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBy incorporating a new building block, 7,7,15,15‐tetraoctyldinaphtho‐s‐indacene (NSI), into the backbone of poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO), a novel series of blue light‐emitting copolymers (PFO‐NSI) have been developed. The insertion of the NSI unit into the PFO backbone leads to the increase of local effective conjugation length, to form low‐energy fluorene–NSI–fluorene (FNF) segments that serve as exciton trapping sites, to which the energy transfers from the high‐energy PFO segments. This causes these copolymers to show red‐shifted emissions compared with PFO, with a high efficiency and good color stability and purity. The best device performance with a luminance efficiency of 3.43 cd · A−1, a maximum brightness of 6 539 cd · m−2, and CIE coordinates of (0.152, 0.164) was achieved.magnified image
Propylene Polymerization Performance of Isolated and Aggregated Ti Species Studied Using a Well‐Designed TiCl3/MgCl2 Ziegler‐Natta Model Catalyst
Authors: Wada Toru , Taniike Toshiaki , Kouzai Iku , Takahashi Shougo , Terano Minoru 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn propylene polymerization with MgCl2‐supported Ziegler‐Natta catalysts, it is known that the reduction of TiCl4 with alkylaluminum generates Ti3+ active species, and at the same time, leads to the growth of TiClx aggregates. In this study, the aggregation states of the Ti species were controlled by altering the Ti content in a TiCl3/MgCl2 model catalyst prepared from a TiCl3 · 3C5H5N complex. It is discovered that all the Ti species become isolated mononuclear with a highly aspecific feature below 0.1 wt.‐% of the Ti content, and that the isolated aspecific Ti species are more efficiently converted into highly isospecific ones by the addition of donors than active sites in aggregated Ti species.magnified image
The Sod2 mutant mouse as a model for oxidative stress: A functional proteomics perspective
Authors: Lee Yie Hou , Lin Qingsong , Boelsterli Urs A. , Chung Maxey C.M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases and disorders, but the mechanistic basis often remains enigmatic. The Sod2 mutant mouse, which is sensitized to mitochondrial stress, is an ideal mutant model for studying the role of oxidative stress in a diverse range of complications arising from mitochondrial dysfunction and diminished antioxidant defense. To fully appreciate the widespread molecular consequences under increased oxidative stress, a systems approach utilizing proteomics is able to provide a global overview of the complex biological changes, which a targeted single biomolecular approach cannot address fully. This review focuses on the applications of mass spectrometry and functional proteomics in the Sod2 mouse. The combinatorial approach provides novel insights into the interplay of chemistry and biology, free radicals and proteins, thereby augmenting our understanding of how redox perturbations influence protein dynamics. Ultimately, this knowledge can lead to the development of free radical‐targeted therapies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 29:179–196, 2010
Alterations to the protein profile of bladder carcinoma cell lines induced by plant extract MINA‐05 in vitro
Authors: Nguyen‐Khuong Terry , White Melanie Y. , Hung Tzong‐Tyng , Seeto Shona , Thomas Melissa L. , Fitzgerald Anna M. , Martucci Carlos E. , Luk Sharon , Pang Shiu‐Fu , Russell Pamela J. , Walsh Bradley J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBladder cancer (BLCa) is a severe urological cancer of both men and women that commonly recurs and once invasive, is difficult to treat. MINA‐05 (CK Life Sciences Int'l, Hong Kong) is a derivative of complex botanical extracts, shown to reduce cellular proliferation of bladder and prostate carcinomas. We tested the effects of MINA‐05 against human BLCa cell sublines, B8, B8‐RSP‐GCK, B8‐RSP‐LN and C3, from a transitional cell carcinoma, grade IV, to determine the molecular targets of treatment by observing the cellular protein profile. Cells were acclimatised for 48 h then treated for 72 h with concentrations of MINA‐05 reflecting ${1 \over 2}$ IC50, IC50 and 2×IC50 (n = 3) or with vehicle, (0.5% DMSO). Dose‐dependant changes in protein abundance were detected and characterised using 2‐dimensional electrophoresis and MS. We identified 10 proteins that underwent changes in abundance, pI and/or molecular mass in response to treatment. MINA‐05 was shown to influence proteins across numerous functional classes including cytoskeletal proteins, energy metabolism proteins, protein degradation proteins and tumour suppressors, suggesting a global impact on these cell lines. This study implies that the ability of MINA‐05 to retard cellular proliferation is attributed to its ability to alter cell cycling, metabolism, protein degradation and the cancer cell environment.
Proteomic analysis of low dose arsenic and ionizing radiation exposure on keratinocytes
Authors: Berglund Susanne R. , Santana Alison R. , Li Dan , Rice Robert H. , Rocke David M. , Goldberg Zelanna 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHuman exposure to arsenic and ionizing radiation (IR) occur environmentally at low levels. While the human health effects of arsenic and IR have been examined separately, there is little information regarding their combined effects at doses approaching environmental levels. Arsenic toxicity may be affected by concurrent IR especially given their known individual carcinogenic actions at higher doses. We found that keratinocytes responded to either low dose arsenic and/or low dose IR exposure, resulting in differential proteomic expression based on 2‐DE, immunoblotting and statistical analysis. Seven proteins were identified that passed a rigorous statistical screen for differential expression in 2‐DE and also passed a strict statistical screen for follow‐up immunoblotting. These included: α‐enolase, epidermal‐fatty acid binding protein, heat shock protein 27, histidine triad nucleotide‐binding protein 1, lactate dehydrogenase A, protein disulfide isomerase precursor, and S100A9. Four proteins had combined effects that were different than would be expected based on the response to either individual toxicant. These data demonstrate a possible reaction to the combined insult that is substantially different from that of either separate treatment. Several proteins had different responses than what has been seen from high dose exposures, adding to the growing literature suggesting that the cellular responses to low dose exposures are distinct.