bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EGFR gene status in cytological samples of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
Authors: da Cunha Santos Gilda , Saieg Mauro Ajaj , Geddie William , Leighl Natasha 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:In nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the development and clinical application of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has required the investigation of EGFR status by gene copy number and/or mutation analysis. This review aimed to present the current knowledge of the use of cytological specimens for EGFR testing in lung cancer.METHODS:A systematic computerized search was performed of the MEDLINE(R) and EMBASE databases to identify articles reporting the use of cytological samples for determining EGFR status in NSCLC.RESULTS:Data were extracted from 30 original articles. An additional 19 reviews, consensus statements, and editorials were selected from 175 retrieved papers. Different techniques using cell blocks, scraped cells from archival slides, and fresh cells have shown promising results and include fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), direct sequencing, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with similar or higher accuracy and sensitivity than surgical specimens. Preservation and quality of the extracted DNA seem to matter more than the actual number of tumor cells present in the samples. However, major issues still reside in the amount of material, the interference from background non‐neoplastic cells, and standardization of parameters for cytological samples.CONCLUSIONS:This analysis provided evidence that cytological material is suitable for detecting EGFR status using several different methodologies and preparations. New prospective, clinical studies are encouraged for collection and handling of cytological samples as well as for validation of novel techniques in large cohorts. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
EGFR and KRAS mutations in lung carcinoma
Authors: Billah Shahreen , Stewart John , Staerkel Gregg , Chen Su , Gong Yun , Guo Ming 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to validate clinical utilization of routinely prepared cytology specimens for molecular testing to detect EGFR or KRAS mutations in lung cancer.METHODS:From September 2009 to April 2010, the authors collected 209 cytology specimens from patients with lung cancer at the MD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Pathology. The specimens included 99 cases of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided (EBUS) fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), 67 cases of computed tomography (CT)‐guided FNA, 27 cases of body fluid, 10 cases of ultrasound‐guided of superficial FNA, and 6 cases of other cytology specimens. DNA sequencing for EGFR exons 18‐21 and KRAS codons 12, 13, and 61 was performed.RESULTS:The overall specimen insufficiency rate was low (6.2%). EBUS (4%) and body‐fluid cases (3.7%) showed lower insufficiency rates than the other cases. Similar insufficiency rates were observed in smears (6.1%) and cell‐block sections (6.4%). EGFR mutations were detected in 19.4% (34 of 175) of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with a significantly higher frequency in adenocarcinoma (29%, 29 of 100) than in nonadenocarcinoma (7%, 5 of 75, P = .002). KRAS mutations were detected in 23.6% (41 of 174) of NSCLCs with no statistical differences between adenocarcinoma (26%, 26 of 102) and nonadenocarcinoma (21%, 17 of 72, P = .86). Higher frequencies of EGFR mutations in exons 19 and 21 (65%) than in exons 18 and 20 were detected.CONCLUSIONS:Our findings support clinical utilization of routinely prepared cytology specimens, including EBUS, CT/US. FNAs and body fluid specimens, as a reliable source for molecular testing to detect EGFR or KRAS mutations in patients with NSCLC. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Digital image‐based colourimetric tests for amphetamine and methylamphetamine
Authors: Choodum Aree , Nic Daeid Niamh 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDigital image analysis was applied to the products of simple colourimetric tests for amphetamine and methylamphetamine. Adobe Photoshop software was used for colour analysis to obtain analytical data in the form of a Red Green Blue (RGB) value. Calibration curves were developed for each compound and a number of illicit amphetamine samples were analyzed to demonstrate the application of the technique. A wide linear range and low detection limit for both drugs under test facilitated the application to illicit samples. Good agreement with gas chromatographic quantification results was obtained for the illicit samples analyzed by this method. The results show great potential for use as a semi‐quantitative field test for illicit drug compounds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrological and biogeochemical controls on plant species distribution within calcareous fens
Authors: Duval Tim P. , Waddington J. Michael , Branfireun Brian A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study determines spatial patterns of plant species richness and diversity in three calcareous fens and quantifies individual species response and range/tolerance to hydrological, peat physical, and porewater nutrient gradients using nonlinear quantile regression. Species richness and diversity were highly variable across the sites, with no single species occupying more than 25% of the area surveyed. Variable hydrological regime was related to distance from the principal source area of water to the fens. Surface peat organic matter and calcium carbonate content ranged from 11 to 91% and 2 to 83%, respectively. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and potassium concentrations from the shallow porewater ranged from 0 to 4 mg l−1, whereas available phosphorus was < 100 µg l−1. Species exhibited various response shapes to the environmental gradients, which produced segregated realized ranges. The duration of initial saturation of the peat from the start of the growing season and the peat organic matter content produced the greatest number of complete species responses and ranges. Aggregation of species across growth types based on environmental responses mirrored visually described communities, demonstrating the applicability of the method of analysis. The generation of species response curves for a suite of readily measured environmental variables can be a useful tool for assessing conceptual models of ecosystem functioning and wetland restoration/creation success. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Four New Compounds Constructed from Bis‐Antimony‐Capped Keggin Polyoxoanions {PMo12Sb2O40} and Different Coordination Fragments
Authors: Xiao Li‐Na , Peng Yu , Wang Yan , Xu Jia‐Ning , Gao Zhong‐Min , Liu Ya‐Bing , Zheng Da‐Fang , Cui Xiao‐Bing , Xu Ji‐Qing 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFour new heteropolyanions {[PMo12Sb2O40][Cu(Im)2]2}·Im (1), {[PMo12Sb2O40][(Cd(Phen)2)2Cl]} (2), [Cu(Phen)2]2[PMo12Sb2O40] (3) and [Cd(bpy)4(H2O)2][PMo12Sb2O40]·bpy·2H2O (4) (Im = imidazole, Phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline, bpy = 4,4′‐bipyridine) have been synthesized and characterized by IR, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, powder XRD analyses and elemental analyses. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that these four compounds represent examples of compounds based on the bis‐antimony‐capped Keggin polyoxoanion {PMo12Sb2O40} and different transition‐metal coordination complexes. Compound 1 exhibits a novel 1D chain structure, compound 2 is the first example of an extended structure constructed from polyoxoanions, transition‐metal coordination complexes and halide ions and compounds 3 and 4 are supramolecular structures constructed from {PMo12Sb2O40} polyoxoanions and different transition‐metal coordination fragments.
Direct Organocatalytic Asymmetric Approach to Baylis–Hillman‐Type Products Through a Push–Pull Dienamine Platform
Authors: Ramachary Dhevalapally B. , Ramakumar Kinthada 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA general process for the asymmetric synthesis of highly substituted 3‐alkyl‐Hagemann's esters was achieved for the first time through organocatalytic Michael or Baylis–Hillman‐type (BH‐type) reaction of Hagemann's esters with β‐nitrostyrenes in the presence of a catalytic amount of L‐(3,5‐Me2)2DPP/thiourea. We have discovered, for the first time, the chiral BH‐type products from Hagemann's esters with β‐nitrostyrenes by utilizing the push–pull dienamine platform.
Defection in the dark? A randomized‐response investigation of cooperativeness in social dilemma games
Authors: Moshagen Morten , Hilbig Benjamin E. , Musch Jochen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAs previous research has demonstrated numerous times, humans show a robust tendency for cooperation. However, part—or indeed all—of this cooperativeness may be due to socially desirable responding. To address this problem, we propose and apply a new approach for the unbiased measurement of cooperativeness in social dilemma games. Specifically, we employ an extension of the randomized‐response technique (RRT). The RRT protects the privacy of respondents by adding random noise to their responses. It thus encourages more honest responding and thereby provides less biased estimates of sensitive attributes. In a large‐scale study with 2043 respondents we maximized anonymity in a one‐shot prisoner's dilemma game through use of the RRT. Comparing the prevalence rates for cooperation obtained via the RRT with those from direct self‐report showed that traditional direct questioning formats overestimate cooperation rates, with a relative bias of 18%. This finding suggests that to a considerable extent, self‐reported cooperation is due to socially desirable responding, rather than actual cooperativeness. However, our results also demonstrate that cooperation remains substantial even under conditions of maximized anonymity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of ciclopirox olamine in pharmaceutical products by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Felix Fabiana Silva , do Lago Claudimir Lucio , Angnes Lúcio 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper describes the determination of ciclopirox olamine in pharmaceutical formulations using capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. In an alkaline medium, ciclopirox olamine is converted into an anionic species and its detection is possible in capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection without an electroosmotic flow modifier, because it is a low‐mobility species. A linear working range from 2.64 to 264 μg/mL in sodium hydroxide electrolyte as well as low detection limit (0.39 μg/mL) and a good repeatability (RSD=3.4% for 264 μg/mL ciclopirox solution (n=10)) were achieved. It was also possible to determine olamine in its cationic form when acetic acid was used as the electrolyte solution. The results obtained include a linear range from 26.4 to 184.8 μg/mL and a detection limit of 2.6 μg/mL olamine. The proposed methods were applied to the analysis of commercial pharmaceutical products and the results were compared with the values indicated by the manufacturer as well as those obtained using a titrimetric method recommended by American Pharmacopoeia.
Childhood sexual and physical abuse in Spanish female undergraduates: Does it affect eating disturbances?
Authors: Villarroel Ana M. , Penelo Eva , Portell Mariona , Raich Rosa M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relationship between childhood sexual and physical abuse, and key attitudinal and behavioural aspects of eating disorders (ED).MethodParticipants included 708 female undergraduates in a Spanish public university, aged from 18 to 30. Abuse was measured by the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire, and ED by the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q).Results14.3% of the sample had suffered childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and 3.8% childhood physical abuse (CPA). With respect to ED attitudinal features, we observed an increased Weight Concern score among CSA survivors. No association was found between this kind of abuse and disordered eating behaviours, after adjusting for depression, anxiety, self‐esteem, body mass index, age and socioeconomic status. An inverse relationship was found between CPA and ED attitudes measured by EDE‐Q (Restraint, Weight Concern, Shape Concern and the Overall Score), whereas no association was found with the behavioural aspects of eating disturbances.DiscussionAfter controlling for different risk factors, CSA appears to be related to an increased Weight Concern, whilst other ED attitudinal features and behaviours do not seem to be related to childhood abuse. The inverse relationship found is discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Who was the agent? The neural correlates of reanalysis processes during sentence comprehension
Authors: Hirotani Masako , Makuuchi Michiru , Rüschemeyer Shirley‐Ann , Friederici Angela D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSentence comprehension is a complex process. Besides identifying the meaning of each word and processing the syntactic structure of a sentence, it requires the computation of thematic information, that is, information about who did what to whom. The present fMRI study investigated the neural basis for thematic reanalysis (reanalysis of the thematic roles initially assigned to noun phrases in a sentence) and its interplay with syntactic reanalysis (reanalysis of the underlying syntactic structure originally constructed for a sentence). Thematic reanalysis recruited a network consisting of Broca's area, that is, the left pars triangularis (LPT), and the left posterior superior temporal gyrus, whereas only LPT showed greater sensitivity to syntactic reanalysis. These data provide direct evidence for a functional neuroanatomical basis for two linguistically motivated reanalysis processes during sentence comprehension. Hum Brain Mapp , 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of D‐amino acid oxidase activator (DAOA; G72) on brain function during verbal fluency
Authors: Prata Diana P. , Papagni Sergio A. , Mechelli Andrea , Fu Cynthia H.Y. , Kambeitz Joseph , Picchioni Marco , Kane Fergus , Kalidindi Sridevi , McDonald Colm , Kravariti Eugenia , Toulopoulou Timothea , Bramon Elvira , Walshe Muriel , Murray Robin , Collier David A. , McGuire Philip K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground. The D‐Amino acid oxidase activator (G72 or DAOA) is believed to play a key role in the regulation of central glutamatergic transmission which is seen to be altered in psychosis. It is thought to regulate D‐amino acid oxidase (DAO), which metabolizes D‐serine, a co‐agonist of NMDA‐type glutamate receptors and to be involved in dendritic arborization. Linkage, genetic association and expression studies have implicated the G72 gene in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Aims. To examine the influence of G72 variation on brain function in the healthy population. Method. Fifty healthy volunteers were assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a verbal fluency task. Regional brain activation and task‐dependent functional connectivity during word generation was compared between different rs746187 genotypes. Results. G72 rs746187 genotype had a significant effect on activation in the left postcentral and supramarginal gyri (FWE P < 0.05), and on the task‐dependent functional coupling of this region with the retrosplenial cingulate gyrus (FWE P < 0.05). Conclusions. Our results may reflect an effect of G72 on glutamatergic transmission, mediated by an influence on D‐amino acid oxidase activity, on brain areas particularly relevant to the hypoglutamatergic model of psychosis. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abnormal resting state corticolimbic blood flow in depressed unmedicated patients with major depression: A 15O‐H2O PET study
Authors: Monkul E. Serap , Silva Leandro A.P. , Narayana Shalini , Peluso Marco A.M. , Zamarripa Frank , Nery Fabiano G. , Najt Pablo , Li John , Lancaster Jack L. , Fox Peter T. , Lafer Beny , Soares Jair C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe investigated the differences in the resting state corticolimbic blood flow between 20 unmedicated depressed patients and 21 healthy comparisons. Resting state cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured with H215O PET. Anatomical MRI scans were performed on an Elscint 1.9 T Prestige system for PET‐MRI coregistration. Significant changes in cerebral blood flow indicating neural activity were detected using an ROI‐free image subtraction strategy. In addition, the resting blood flow in patients was correlated with the severity of depression as measured by HAM‐D scores. Depressed patients showed decreases in blood flow in right anterior cingulate (Brodmann areas 24 and 32) and increased blood flow in left and right posterior cingulate (Brodmann areas 23, 29, 30), left parahippocampal gyrus (Brodmann area 36), and right caudate compared with healthy volunteers. The severity of depression was inversely correlated with the left middle and inferior frontal gyri (Brodmann areas 9 and 47) and right medial frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 10) and right anterior cingulate (Brodmann areas 24, 32) blood flow, and directly correlated with the right thalamus blood flow. These findings support previous reports of abnormalities in the resting state blood flow in the limbic‐frontal structures in depressed patients compared to healthy volunteers. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the hippocampus and verbal memory performance: The RUN DMC Study
Authors: van Norden Anouk G.W. , de Laat Karlijn F. , Fick Ilma , van Uden Inge W.M. , van Oudheusden Lucas J.B. , Gons Rob A.R. , Norris David G. , Zwiers Marcel P. , Kessels Roy P.C. , de Leeuw Frank‐Erik 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and hippocampal atrophy are related to verbal memory failures and may ultimately result in Alzheimer's disease. However, verbal memory failures are often present before structural changes on conventional MRI appear. Changes in microstructural integrity of the hippocampus, which cannot be detected with conventional MRI, may be the underlying pathological substrate. With diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we investigated the relation between the microstructural integrity of the hippocampus and verbal memory performance in 503 nondemented elderly with SVD. Methods: The Radboud University Nijmegen Diffusion tensor and Magnetic resonance imaging Cohort study is a prospective cohort study among 503 nondemented elderly with cerebral SVD aged between 50 and 85 years. All participants underwent T1 MPRAGE, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery, DTI scanning and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. After manual segmentation of the hippocampi, we calculated the mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy in both hippocampi. The relation between memory performance and hippocampal DTI parameters was adjusted for age, sex, education, depressive symptoms, hippocampal, and white‐matter lesions volume and lacunar infarcts. Results: We found inverse relations between hippocampal MD and verbal memory performance (β = −0.22; P < 0.001), immediate recall (β = −0.22; P < 0.001), delayed recall (β = −0.20; P < 0.001), and forgetting rate (β = −0.13; P = 0.025), most pronounced in participants with a normal hippocampal volume. Conclusion: Microstructural integrity of the hippocampus assessed by DTI is related to verbal memory performance in elderly with SVD, also in participants with an intact appearing hippocampus. Changes in hippocampal microstructure may be an early marker of underlying neurodegenerative disease, before macrostructural (i.e., volumetric) changes occur. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transoral robotic surgery of the tongue base in obstructive sleep Apnea‐Hypopnea syndrome: Anatomic considerations and clinical experience
Authors: Vicini Claudio , Dallan Iacopo , Canzi Pietro , Frassineti Sabrina , Nacci Andrea , Seccia Veronica , Panicucci Erica , Grazia La Pietra Maria , Montevecchi Filippo , Tschabitscher Manfred 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of our work was to describe, through cadaveric dissection, the anatomy of the tongue base with a robotic perspective and to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach in case of tongue base hypertrophy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea‐Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS).MethodsForty‐four patients with OSAHS underwent tongue base resection in the last 2 years. Twenty patients with a 10‐month minimum follow‐up were evaluated. The anatomic details of 3 tongue bases dissected from above are illustrated.ResultsThe cadaveric study shows that no constant landmarks are identifiable, with no significant neurovascular structures present in the midline. Clinically, transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for the tongue base was feasible, with no major complications and satisfaction of the majority of patients. Mean apnea hypopnea index (AHI) improvement was 24.6 ± 22.2 SD, mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) improvement was 5.9 ± 4.4 SD.ConclusionTongue base hypertrophy can be safely and effectively managed by TORS in OSAHS. Our midterm data are encouraging and worthy of further evaluation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Azacitidine has limited activity in ‘real life’ patients with MDS and AML: a single centre experience
Authors: Ozbalak Murat , Cetiner Mustafa , Bekoz Huseyin , Atesoglu Elif Birtas , Ar Cem , Salihoglu Ayse , Tuzuner Nukhet , Ferhanoglu Burhan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) represents a heterogeneous group of potentially malignant diseases of bone‐marrow stem cells. Acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) is an inevitable outcome for many patients with MDS. Azacitidine has been reported to result in comparably higher response rates and improved survival than other treatment strategies. In this retrospective study, we report the results on 25 ‘real life’ patients with MDS, CMML or AML treated with azacitidine between 2005 and 2009. All patients fulfilled the World Health Organization criteria for MDS and AML. No eligibility criteria other than diagnosis were considered. Complete response (CR) rate was observed in three of the 25 ‘real life’ patients (12%) with a median duration of CR of 5 months (4–6 months). Seven patients (28%) had mono‐ or bi‐lineage haematologic improvement and 15 patients (60%) showed neither morphologic nor haematologic response. Among 17 non‐AML patients, the median time from onset of Aza‐C treatment to AML transformation was 10 months (4–15 months). Overall death rate was 72%. All of the eight AML patients died. The death rate under Aza‐C among non‐AML patients was 59%. Unlike the results of the clinical trials, our data show that Aza‐C has a limited activity in ‘real‐life’ patients with MDS and AML. It is obvious that Aza‐C can induce complete or partial responses in a considerable number of MDS patients but responses are usually not durable as we observed in our patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.