bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Genistein enhances the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and inhibits nuclear factor kappa B in nonsmall cell lung cancer cell lines
Authors: Gadgeel Shirish M. , Ali Shadan , Philip Philip A. , Wozniak Antoinette , Sarkar Fazlul H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) have shown modest clinical benefit in patients with relapsed nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Down‐regulation of Akt appears to correlate with the antitumor activity of EGFR‐TKIs. Akt activates nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), which transcribes genes important for cell survival, invasion, and metastasis. The authors hypothesized that genistein, through the inhibition of NF‐κB, could enhance the activity of EGFR‐TKIs in NSCLCs.METHODS:Three NSCLC cell lines with various EGFR mutation status and sensitivities to EGFR‐TKIs were selected: H3255 (L858R), H1650 (del E746‐A750), and H1781 (wild‐type EGFR). Cells were treated with erlotinib, gefitinib, genistein, or the combination of each of the EGFR‐TKIs with genistein. Cell survival and apoptosis were assessed, and expression levels of EGFR, pAkt, cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), E‐cadherin, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and NF‐κB were measured.RESULTS:Both EGFR‐TKIs demonstrated growth inhibition and apoptosis in each of the cell lines, but H1650 and H1781 were much less sensitive. Genistein demonstrated some antitumor activity in all cell lines, but enhanced growth inhibition and apoptosis when combined with the EGFR‐TKIs in each of the cell lines. Both combinations down‐regulated NF‐κB significantly more than either agent alone in H3255. In addition, the combinations reduced the expression of EGFR, pAkt, COX‐2, and PGE2, consistent with inactivation of NF‐κB.CONCLUSIONS:The authors concluded that genistein enhances the antitumor effects of EGFR‐TKIs in 3 separate NSCLC cell lines. This enhanced activity is in part because of greater reduction in the DNA‐binding activity of NF‐κB when EGFR‐TKIs were combined with genistein. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Patient selection for hemiablative focal therapy of prostate cancer
Authors: Polascik Thomas J. , Mayes Janice M. , Schroeck Florian R. , Sun Leon , Madden John F. , Moul Judd W. , Mouraviev Vladimir 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The application of focal therapy for low‐risk prostate cancer (PCa) depended on appropriate patient selection. No definitive criteria existed to characterize patients who may potentially benefit from an organ‐sparing approach. We evaluated pretreatment clinical parameters that may predict unilateral PCa amenable to hemigland thermoablation.METHODS:In total, 538 patients with complete data from the Duke Prostate Center (DPC) Outcomes database with low‐ to low‐intermediate–risk PCa (prostate‐specific antigen<10 ng/mL, biopsy Gleason score ≤7, and clinical stage T1c‐T2b) treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) were included in the dataset. Patients underwent diagnostic prostate biopsy (PBx) at Duke or community hospitals from 1996 to 2006. Clinical and biopsy parameters were assessed as to the ability to predict PCa unilaterality verified by RP pathology.RESULTS:The strongest predictor of pathologic unilaterality was PBx unilaterality. The sensitivity and specificity for biopsy unilaterality to predict pathologic unilaterality was 88.4% and 34%, with a positive predictive value of 28% and a negative predictive value of 91%. PBx unilaterality (odds ratio [OR] = 3.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.14‐7.05; P < .0005) and negative family history of PCa (OR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.09‐3.05; P = .21) was associated with a higher probability of unilateral disease by multivariate regression.CONCLUSIONS:Two pretreatment clinical variables were significantly predictive of unilateral PCa: negative family history of PCa and PBx unilaterality. These variables may be used to select men with low‐ to low‐moderate–risk PCa for hemiablation. Further work is necessary to decrease the false‐negative and false‐positive rates associated with PBx to improve predictability for PCa laterality. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy/gefitinib followed by concurrent chemotherapy/radiation therapy/gefitinib for patients with locally advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Hainsworth John D. , Spigel David R. , Burris Howard A. , Markus Tiffanie M. , Shipley Dianna , Kuzur Michel , Lunin Scott , Greco F. Anthony 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors evaluated the feasibility, toxicity, and efficacy of gefitinib added to first‐line combined‐modality therapy for patients with locally advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck.METHODS:Patients with biopsy‐proven locally advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck who had low expected cure rates with local treatment modalities alone were eligible for this treatment. All patients received a 6‐week induction course of docetaxel, carboplatin, infusional 5‐fluorouracil, and gefitinib (250 mg daily). Gefitinib was continued while patients received concurrent weekly docetaxel and radiation therapy. After the completion of radiation therapy, gefitinib was continued until patients developed disease progression or for a maximum of 24 months.RESULTS:Sixty‐two patients (53% with stage IV disease) received protocol treatment, and 50 patients (81%) were able to complete the regimen. The addition of gefitinib increased the incidence of grade 3/4 mucositis (27%) and diarrhea (16%) during induction therapy but did not appear to add substantially to toxicity during concurrent chemoradiation. The estimated 3‐year progression‐free and overall survival rates for the entire group were 41% and 54%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The addition of gefitinib was associated with a moderate increase in toxicity with this combined modality regimen, particularly during induction therapy. Although this regimen was efficacious, the survival results overlap with results reported with chemoradiation alone. The role of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in first‐line, combined‐modality therapy for patients with head and neck cancer remains undefined. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Stage migration after minor changes in histologic estimation of tumor burden in sentinel lymph nodes
Authors: Riber‐Hansen Rikke , Nyengaard Jens R. , Hamilton‐Dutoit Stephen J. , Steiniche Torben 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Melanoma metastasis size estimates are of prognostic significance for groups of patients, but to the authors' knowledge, measurement consensus does not exist.METHODS:Maximum metastasis diameter, maximum centripetal tumor depth, microanatomic location of metastases, and complete metastasis volume were measured in 156 positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) from 99 melanoma patients.RESULTS:The number of SLN‐positive patients was increased by up to 41% using complete step‐sectioning compared with less extensive protocols. Assessing maximum metastasis diameters, up to 27% of patients positive by the less extensive protocols went from 1 metastasis diameter group to a larger one when complete step‐sectioning was performed. No patients were down‐staged. Apparently minor protocol changes (eg, adding an extra step) led to substantial changes in maximum metastasis diameter. Similar protocol‐dependent results were noted measuring the maximum centripetal tumor depth and the microanatomical location of metastases. By using semiquantitative tumor burden estimates, stage migration was always unidirectional (ie, moving from a lower to higher stage). Stereologic tumor burden estimates in step‐sectioned SLNs also varied according to the number of step sections assessed, but could increase, decrease, or remain constant, so that stage migration was multidirectional.CONCLUSIONS:Adding extra steps to pathology protocols when assessing semiquantitative parameters leads to unidirectional stage migration (“the protocol trap”). This systematical bias makes it difficult to base treatment decisions on semiquantitative metastasis size estimates. Although based on metastatic melanoma, the principles described herein will apply when measuring nodal tumor burden in other metastasizing cancers, including breast carcinoma. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Novel markers of early ovarian pre‐granulosa cells are expressed in an Sry‐like pattern
Authors: Lee Hyunjoo J. , Pazin Dorothy E. , Kahlon Ravi S. , Correa Stephanie M. , Albrecht Kenneth H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMammalian gonad differentiation involves sexually dimorphic cell‐fate decisions within the bipotential gonadal primordia. Testis differentiation is initiated by a center‐to‐poles wave of Sry expression that induces supporting cell precursors (SCPs) to become Sertoli rather than granulosa cells. The initiation of ovary differentiation is less well understood. We identified two novel SCP markers, 1700106J16Rik and Sprr2d, whose expression is ovary‐biased during early gonad development, and altered in Wnt4, Sf1, Wt1, and Fog2 mutant gonads. In XX and XY gonads, both genes were up‐regulated at ∼E11 in a center‐to‐poles wave, and then rapidly down‐regulated in XY gonads in a center‐to‐poles wave, which is reminiscent of Sry expression in XY gonads. Our data suggest that 1700106J16Rik and Sprr2d may have important roles in early gonad development, and are consistent with the hypothesis that ovarian SCP differentiation occurs in a center‐to‐poles wave with similar timing to that of testicular SCP differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 238:812–825, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromosomal aberrations in UVB‐induced tumors of immunosuppressed mice
Authors: Dworkin Amy M. , Tober Kathleen L. , Duncan F. Jason , Yu Lianbo , VanBuskirk Anne M. , Oberyszyn Tatiana M. , Toland Amanda Ewart 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn immunocompromised individuals, such as organ transplant recipients, the risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is increased 60–250 fold, and there is an increased likelihood to develop aggressive, metastatic SCC. An understanding of the genes involved in SCC tumorigenesis is critical to prevent SCC‐associated morbidity and mortality. Mouse models show that different immunosuppressive drugs lead to SCCs varying in size, number, and malignant potential. In this study, we used mouse models that mimic adult transplant recipients to study the effect of immunosuppressive drugs and UV light on SCC development. UV‐induced tumors from six treatment groups, control, tacrolimus (Tac), rapamycin (Rap), cyclosporin (CsA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and Rap plus CsA, were evaluated by array comparative genomic hybridization. Mouse SCCs appear to show similar genomic aberrations as those reported in human SCCs and offer the ability to identify genomic changes associated with specific and combinatorial effects of drugs. Fewer aberrations were seen in tumors of mice treated with MMF or Rap. Tumors from Tac‐treated animals showed the highest number of changes. Calcineurin inhibitors (Tac and CsA) did not cluster together by their genomic aberrations, indicating their contribution to UV mediated carcinogenesis may be through different pathways. The combination treatment (Rap plus CsA) did not cluster with either treatment individually, suggesting it may influence SCC tumorigenesis via a different mechanism. Future studies will identify specific genes mapping to regions of aberration that are different between treatment groups to identify target pathways that may be affected by these drugs. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cycloaddition reaction of phosphonyl nitrile oxides to phosphaacetylene and alkene
Authors: Ye Yong , Luo Yong , Wang Chun‐Fang , Wei Dong‐Qing , Liu Lun‐Zu , Zhao Yu‐Fen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHere, we report the cycloaddition reaction of phosphonyl nitrile oxides and the formation of an unexpected 2:1 cycloaddition product. It provides a direct route to triphosphonyl‐substituted dihydroisoxazolyl dihydroisoxazoles and diphosphonyl‐substituted dihydroisoxazolyl dihydroisoxazoles with excellent levels of regiocontrol product. Density functional theory studies of the reactions between nitrile oxides and acrylonitrile are used to propose a possible reaction mechanism. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:95–100, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20518
Breastfeeding and breast cancer risk in India: A multicenter case‐control study
Authors: Gajalakshmi Vendhan , Mathew Aleyamma , Brennan Paul , Rajan Balakrishnan , Kanimozhi Vendhan C. , Mathews Anitha , Mathew Beela S. , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBreast cancer incidence is low in India compared with high‐income countries, but it has increased in recent decades, particularly among urban women. The reasons for this pattern are not known although they are likely related to reproductive and lifestyle factors. Here, we report the results of a large case‐control study on the association between breastfeeding and breast cancer risk. The study was conducted in 2 areas in South India during 2002–2005 and included 1,866 cases and 1,873 controls. Detailed information regarding menstruation, reproduction, breastfeeding and physical activity was collected through in‐person interview. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression models. Breastfeeding for long duration was common in the study population. Lifetime duration of breastfeeding was inversely associated with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women (p‐value of linear trend, 0.02). No such protective effect was observed in postmenopausal women, among whom a protective effect of parity was suggested. A reduction of breast cancer risk with prolonged breastfeeding was shown among premenopausal women. Health campaign focusing on breastfeeding behavior by appropriately educating women would contribute to reduce breast cancer burden. © 2009 UICC
Cancer incidence and risk factors after solid organ transplantation
Authors: Vajdic Claire M. , van Leeuwen Marina T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIatrogenic immunosuppression is a unique setting for investigating immune‐related mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Solid organ transplant recipients have a 3‐fold excess risk of cancer relative to the age‐ and sex‐matched general population. Population‐based studies utilizing cancer registry records indicate that a wide range of cancers, mostly those with a viral etiology, occur at excess rates. To date, cancer risk has predominantly been examined in adult kidney transplant recipients in Western countries. It is yet to be established whether a similar incidence profile exists in the long‐term for other solid organ, pediatric and non‐Western transplant recipients. The cancer incidence profile before and after kidney transplantation strongly suggests a relatively minor contribution by both preexisting cancer risk factors and the conditions underlying end‐stage kidney disease, and points to a causal role for immunosuppression. Within‐cohort risk factor analyses have largely been performed on cohorts with voluntary cancer notification, and very few have incorporated biomarkers of the level of immunosuppression, the current receipt of immunosuppressive agents, or genetic risk factors. Because of their markedly high risk of certain cancers, findings from comprehensive studies in transplant recipients have the potential to raise new avenues for investigation into causal mechanisms and preventive measures against immune‐related and infectious causes of cancer. © 2009 UICC
Polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 3 and 9 and susceptibility to lung, breast and colorectal cancer in over 30,000 subjects
Authors: McColgan Peter , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA variety of susceptibility genes have been associated with cancer but definitive conclusions have been difficult to draw partly hampered by the small number of subjects in each study. We undertook a comprehensive genetic meta‐analysis of all matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes investigated using an allelic‐association case–control model in the 3 major cancers of lung, breast and colorectal cancer. Electronic databases were searched until and including July 2008 for any MMP genetic association study in lung, breast and colorectal cancer. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined for each gene disease association using fixed and random effect models. Twenty‐five studies addressing 5 polymorphisms in 4 genes were analyzed among 30,651 individuals (15,328 cases and 15,253 controls). The MMP‐1 nt‐1607 polymorphism was significantly associated with colorectal cancer in both the dominant (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.14–2.42; p = 0.008) and recessive (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.15–2.20; p = 0.005) models. MMP‐21306C→T (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.40–0.72; p < 0.0001) and 735C→T (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53–0.79; p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with protection against lung cancer. No association was found with the MMP 1, 2, 3 or 9 polymorphisms with breast cancer, MMP‐1, 3 or 9 with lung cancer or MMP‐2, 3 or 9 with colorectal cancer. There may be a genetic influence in the development of colorectal and lung cancer. Subjects with the MMP‐1 nt‐1607 polymorphism have an increased association with colorectal cancer. Those homozygous for either the MMP‐2/1306T or 735T allele may be at reduced risk of lung cancer, although the evidence base is small. © 2009 UICC
Effects of tissue age on bone tissue material composition and nanomechanical properties in the rat cortex
Authors: Donnelly Eve , Boskey Adele L. , Baker Shefford P. , van der Meulen Marjolein C. H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAlthough osteoporosis is known to alter bone tissue composition, the effects of such compositional changes on tissue material properties have not yet been examined. The natural gradient in tissue mineral content arising from skeletal appositional growth provides a basic model for investigation of relationships between tissue composition and mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tissue age on bone tissue composition and nanomechanical properties. The nanomechanical properties and composition of regions of differing tissue age were characterized in the femoral cortices of growing rats using nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, spatial maps of the properties of periosteal tissue were examined to investigate in detail the spatial gradients in the properties of newly formed tissue. Newly formed tissue (0–4 days) was 84% less stiff and had 79% lower mineral:matrix ratio than older intracortical (15–70 days) tissue. Tissue modulus, hardness, mineral:matrix ratio, and carbonate:phosphate ratio increased sharply with distance from the periosteum and attained the properties of intracortical tissue within 4 days of formation. The mineral: matrix ratio explained 54% and 62% of the variation in tissue indentation modulus and hardness, respectively. Our data demonstrate significant variations in tissue mechanical properties with tissue age and relate mechanical properties to composition at the microscale. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Finding and fostering the positive in relationships: positive interventions in couples therapy
Authors: Kauffman Carol , Silberman Jordan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractResearch of positive psychology interventions (PPIs) has expanded dramatically in recent years, and many novel PPIs may be useful in couples therapy. The present work identifies, summarizes, and suggests adaptations of PPIs that may improve couples therapy outcomes. Each intervention is presented as part of a larger organizational framework that may help couples therapists determine how and when each intervention can be effectively applied. Finally, a case illustration demonstrates how these methods can complement traditional therapeutic approaches. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65: 1–12, 2009.
Non‐dauer larval dispersal in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Harvey Simon C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSpecies that exploit transient food patches must both effectively utilize such food sources and colonize new patches. The timing and rate of dispersal from existing patches and adaptations that aid dispersal are therefore crucial. Currently, no system exists in which dispersal has been investigated at both the ecological and genetic levels. The extensively studied model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is potentially such a system. Dispersal between food patches in C. elegans has been found to be related to polymorphism in the npr‐1 gene, which regulates the tendency of worms to aggregate on food. Here I show that this non‐dauer larval dispersal is affected by various environmental variables and that variation is not fully explained by differences in aggregation behavior. Quantitative trait loci mapping identifies candidate genomic regions, separate to npr‐1, which affect variation in dispersal between two isolates. These data suggest that the ecology of C. elegans is more complex than previously thought, but indicate that it is experimentally tractable. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:224–230, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Star coloring of sparse graphs
Authors: Bu Yuehua , Cranston Daniel W. , Montassier Mickaël , Raspaud André , Wang Weifan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA proper coloring of the vertices of a graph is called a star coloring if the union of every two color classes induces a star forest. The star chromatic number χs(G) is the smallest number of colors required to obtain a star coloring of G. In this paper, we study the relationship between the star chromatic number χs(G) and the maximum average degree Mad(G) of a graph G. We prove that:
If G is a graph with

, then χs(G)≤4.
If G is a graph with

and girth at least 6, then χs(G)≤5.
If G is a graph with

and girth at least 6, then χs(G)≤6.
These results are obtained by proving that such graphs admit a particular decomposition into a forest and some independent sets. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 62: 201–219, 2009
Dominating sets in triangulations on surfaces
Authors: Honjo Tatsuya , Kawarabayashi Ken‐ichi , Nakamoto Atsuhiro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLet G be a graph and let S⊂V(G). We say that S is dominating in G if each vertex of G is in S or adjacent to a vertex in S. We show that every triangulation on the torus and the Klein bottle with n vertices has a dominating set of cardinality at most \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document} $\frac{n}{3}$ \end{document}. Moreover, we show that the same conclusion holds for a triangulation on any non‐spherical surface with sufficiently large representativity. These results generalize that for plane triangulations proved by Matheson and Tarjan (European J Combin 17 (1996), 565–568), and solve a conjecture by Plummer (Private Communication). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 63: 17–30, 2010
Synthesis of tetrahydrobenzophenanthridinones. V
Authors: Martínez Roberto , Toscano Rubén A. , Linzaga Irma E. , Sánchez Hanani 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe preparation of tetrahydrobenzophenanthridinones 4 and 5, potential useful intermediates for the synthesis of Dynemicin A models, is described. The structure of all products was corroborated by ir, 1H‐nmr, ms and X‐ray spectroscopy.