bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemostasis during low molecular weight heparin anticoagulation for continuous venovenous hemofiltration: a randomized cross-over trial comparing two hemofiltration rates
Authors: Oudemans-van Straaten Heleen M , van Schilfgaarde Muriel , Molenaar Pascal J , Wester Jos PJ , Leyte Anja 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Introduction
Renal insufficiency increases the half-life of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs). Whether continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) removes LMWHs is unsettled. We studied hemostasis during nadroparin anticoagulation for CVVH, and explored the implication of the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP).

Methods
This cross-over study, performed in a 20-bed teaching hospital ICU, randomized non-surgical patients with acute kidney injury requiring nadroparin for CVVH to compare hemostasis between two doses of CVVH: filtrate flow was initiated at 4 L/h and converted to 2 L/h after 60 min in group 1, and vice versa in group 2. Patients received nadroparin 2850 IU i.v., followed by 380 IU/h continuously in the extracorporeal circuit. After baseline sampling, ultrafiltrate, arterial (art) and postfilter (PF) blood was taken for hemostatic markers after 1 h, and 15 min, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after converting filtrate flow. We compared randomized groups, and 'early circuit clotting' to 'normal circuit life' groups.

Results
Fourteen patients were randomized, seven to each group. Despite randomization, group 1 had higher SOFA scores (median 14 (IQR 11-15) versus 9 (IQR 5-9), p = 0.004). Anti-Xa art activity peaked upon nadroparin bolus and declined thereafter (p = 0.05). Anti-Xa PF did not change in time. Anti-Xa activity was not detected in ultrafiltrate. Medians of all anti-Xa samples were lower in group 1 (anti-Xa art 0.19 (0.12-0.37) vs. 0.31 (0.23-0.52), p = 0.02; anti-Xa PF 0.34 (0.25-0.44) vs. 0.51 (0.41-0.76), p = 0.005). After a steep decline, arterial ETPAUC tended to increase (p = 0.06), opposite to anti-Xa, while postfilter ETPAUC increased (p = 0.001). Median circuit life was 24.5 h (IQR 12-37 h). Patients with 'short circuit life' had longer baseline prothrombin time (PTT), activated thromboplastin time (aPTT), lower ETP, higher thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT) and higher SOFA scores; during CVVH, anti-Xa, and platelets were lower; PTT, aPTT, TAT and D-dimers were longer/higher and ETP was slower and depressed.

Conclusions
We found no accumulation and no removal of LMWH activity during CVVH. However, we found that early circuit clotting was associated with more severe organ failure, prior systemic thrombin generation with consumptive coagulopathy, heparin resistance and elevated extracorporeal thrombin generation. ETP integrates these complex effects on the capacity to form thrombin.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT00965328
PYK2 interacts with MyD88 and regulates MyD88-mediated NF-κB activation in macrophages
Authors: Xi Cai-Xia , Xiong Fei , Zhou Zheng , Mei Lin , Xiong Wen-Cheng 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
PYK2 regulates inflammation by modulating MyD88 signaling.
PYK2, a major cell adhesion-activated tyrosine kinase, is highly expressed in macrophages and implicated in macrophage activation and inflammatory response. However, mechanisms by which PYK2 regulates inflammatory response are beginning to be understood. In this study, we demonstrate that PYK2 interacts with MyD88, a crucial signaling adaptor protein in LPS and PGN-induced NF-κB activation, in vitro and in macrophages. This interaction, increased in macrophages, stimulated by LPS, requires the death domain of MyD88. PYK2-deficient macrophages exhibit reduced phosphorylation and degradation of IκB, an inhibitor of NF-κB nuclear translocation, and decreased NF-κB activation and IL-1β expression by LPS. These results suggest that via interaction with MyD88, PYK2 is involved in modulating cytokine (e.g., LPS) stimulation of NF-κB activity and signaling, providing a mechanism underlying PYK2 regulation of an inflammatory response.
Pivotal Advance: Phospholipids determine net membrane surface charge resulting in differential localization of active Rac1 and Rac2
Authors: Magalhaes Marco A O , Glogauer Michael 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Neutrophils regulate membrane lipid composition and membrane surface charge to localize signaling pathways through the recruitment of differentially charged proteins.
In this investigation, we used primary murine neutrophils to demonstrate that local changes in membrane phospholipid composition alter the net cytoplasmic membrane surface charge, which results in selective recruitment of Rac1 or Rac2 based on the net charge of their respective C-terminal domains. Murine neutrophils undergoing chemotaxis or carrying out phagocytosis were transfected with K-ras4B-derived membrane charge biosensors and lipid markers, which allowed us to simultaneously monitor the levels of PIP2, PIP3, and PS and net membrane charge of the newly developing phagosome membrane and plasma membrane. Our results indicate that the combination of PIP2, PIP3, and PS generates a high negative charge (–8) at the plasma membrane of actin-rich pseudopods, where active Rac1 preferentially localizes during phagosome formation. The lipid metabolism that occurs during phagosome maturation results in the localized depletion of PIP2, PIP3, and partial decrease in PS. This creates a moderately negative net charge that correlates with the localization of active Rac2. Conversely, the accumulation of PIP3 at the leading-edge membrane during chemotaxis generates a polarized accumulation of negative charges that recruits Rac1. These results provide evidence that alterations in membrane lipid composition and inner-membrane surface charge are important elements for the recruitment of differentially charged proteins and localization of signaling pathways during phagocytosis and chemotaxis in neutrophils.
Taking the temperature: attitudes of patients on an all-female psychiatric ward to staff gender
Authors: Conlan Lisa , Read Helen , Picton Elizabeth 
Published: December 2009

Aims and MethodTo survey the attitudes of in-patients on an all-female ward to staff gender. All patients were invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire which was then repeated on a four-weekly basis for 4 months. Staff members were surveyed once within this period.ResultsOnly 15% of patients (n = 52) wanted all staff members to be female, whereas 87% reported feeling comfortable with male staff; 51% would prefer a predominantly female, mixed-gender staff. All staff (n = 11) were in favour of mixed-gender staffing.Clinical ImplicationsCurrent best practice for staffing single-gender acute in-patient units is unclear. This survey is in line with findings from other studies in that a large majority of female in-patients prefer to be in a unit with mixed staff.
Service innovation: the first year of lifestyle clinics for psychiatric out-patients
Authors: Hamilton Ross , Harrison Mark , Naji Simon , Robertson Carol 
Published: December 2009

Aims and MethodWe sought to develop and introduce annual physical health checks and offer lifestyle advice for out-patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in two semi-rural areas in the north-east of Scotland. the results for the first year of the clinics are presented.ResultsSeventy-eight patients were invited to the clinics in the first year. Attendance rates varied from 76% in one centre to 38% in the other; 75 individual significant physical health problems were identified and highlighted to the patient and their general practitioner.Clinical ImplicationsThe high attendance rate in one half of the catchment area demonstrates the potential for physical health screening for this vulnerable group of patients. the identification of significant levels of previously undiagnosed physical morbidity offers opportunity for intervention. Several innovative lifestyle interventions arose from the project and have been maintained.
Mental capacity assessments in secure care: an unnecessary complication?
Authors: Roychowdhury Ashimesh 
Published: December 2009

SummaryThis is a review of the key criteria and implications of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 for patients in forensic care detained under the Mental Health Act 1983. Both Acts were amended by the Mental Health Act 2007 and its subsequent Code of Practice; the impact of these changes will be explored here. Through review of the Code of Practice and hypothetical clinical scenarios, I argue that capacity judgements in mental disorder are inherently complex, unreliable and inextricably linked to risk assessment, and that an overemphasis on capacity when making decisions about patient management in secure care can paradoxically obscure the more central issue of risk and proportionality. the key clinical implication is a call for secure services to be balanced in how they adopt best practice principles from the new Mental Capacity Act so that the spirit of the Act, such as valuing patient autonomy, is preserved and that the debate about what practices in secure care are truly proportionate and justified remains at the forefront of clinical thinking.
Survey of Scottish psychiatrists' views on neuropsychology training
Authors: Jurgens Johan D. , MacKinnon Maggie 
Published: December 2009

Aims and MethodA national survey of members of the Scottish division of the Royal College of Psychiatrists to establish the training in neuropsychology they have received, their views on neuropsychology service provision and on potential formal postgraduate neuropsychology training opportunities.ResultsA 54% (n = 288) consultant psychiatrist response rate was achieved. the responses suggest that where specialist neuropsychology services exist, they are not perceived to be sufficient to deal with clinical demand. Consultant psychiatrists indicated that there are limited training opportunities in neuropsychology for psychiatrists, and this seems to be reflected in their limited confidence in interpreting basic recommended neuropsychological assessment tools. There seems to be a definite desire among consultant psychiatrists for postgraduate training opportunities.Clinical ImplicationsScottish psychiatrists desire an increase in formal neuropsychology training opportunities.
Workplace-based assessments in Wessex: the first 6 months
Authors: Babu Kavitha S. , Htike Myat M. , Cleak Victoria E. 
Published: December 2009

Aims and MethodWe surveyed educational supervisors and trainees in Wessex about their experience of the first 6 months of using workplace-based assessments (WPBAs), to see whether they needed further support in using them and, if so, in which areas. An anonymous questionnaire was sent to all trainees and educational supervisors in Wessex.ResultsOverall, 63% of trainees and 61% of educational supervisors responded; 22% of supervisors had not received training in WPBA and 61% of trainees identified barriers to completing it. Non-medical staff were rarely approached for assessments.Clinical ImplicationsThere is a need for further training of supervisors, a more user-friendly IT system and expansion of the role of non-medical staff as assessors.
Transfer to hospital under the Mental Capacity Act 2005
Authors: Stephenson Clare , Baskind Robert , Harris Christopher 
Published: December 2009

SummaryThis paper presents the case of an elderly gentleman who sustained a fractured neck of femur following a fall at home but refused to go to hospital. His general practitioner determined that he lacked capacity but ambulance and police crews refused to escort him due to concerns regarding deprivation of liberty.The legal grounds for treating people who lack capacity in emergencies are discussed and the development of the common law into the Mental Capacity Act 2005 is demonstrated. the Mental Health Act 1983 is inappropriate to treat primarily physical conditions, whereas deprivation of liberty cannot be authorised by the Mental Capacity Act 2005 without a means of challenging the lawfulness of the detention. In response, the government has produced Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards, which came into force in April 2009.
Everybody gets stressed … it's just the way we react that differs
Authors: Kingdon David 
Published: December 2009

SummaryPublic mental health messages have stressed divisions between people who are experiencing mental health problems and those who are not, for example by using slogans suggesting ‘one in four’ individuals have mental disorder. Simple unambiguous messages that convey that ‘we all get stressed, we just react differently’ may be more inclusive and effective at destigmatising mental health problems. This is analogous to the attitude towards physical health problems which are accepted as affecting everyone. Such a theme is scientifically sustainable.
Falling between the cracks. Invited commentary on … Service innovation: the first year of lifestyle clinics for psychiatric outpatients
Authors: Gaughran Fiona 
Published: December 2009

SummaryHamilton's paper describes a thorough and pragmatic approach to the introduction of physical health checks in people registered with mental health services. This is a moral and political priority, but translating this into day-to-day practice in already stretched community mental health teams requires leadership and vision. Pivotal in Hamilton's success was the establishment of good channels of communication between the mental and physical healthcare teams. Hearing about good practice and positive experiences in other teams should help in the widespread introduction of reliable systems to improve physical health in mental health service users.
Competence or excellence? Invited commentary on … Workplace-based assessments in Wessex and Wales
Authors: Oyebode Femi 
Published: December 2009

SummaryThis commentary discusses the problems with workplace-based assessments and questions whether these methods are fit for purpose. It suggests that there is a risk that assessment methods that focus on competence may undermine the need for trainees to aspire to acquire excellent skills rather than merely be competent, which is no more than a rigid adherence to standardised and routinised procedures.
Reducing the stigma of public health messages. Invited commentary on … Everybody gets stressed
Authors: King Michael 
Published: December 2009

SummaryHuman beings have evolved the capacity to classify everything they perceive and our urge to categorise psychological phenomena is little different. Categories make life easier to manage. However, nature rarely comes wrapped in discrete packages, and as David Kingdon persuasively argues in his editorial, we might do well to avoid the catch-all term ‘mental disorder’ in our public health messages.
Molecular Mechanism for Repression of 17α-Hydroxylase Expression and Androstenedione Production in Granulosa Cells
Authors: Patel Satin S. , Beshay Victor E. , Escobar Julian C. , Suzuki Takashi , Carr Bruce R. 
Published: December 2009

Context: According to the traditional two-cell two-gonadotropin model of follicular steroidogenesis, androgen production arises exclusively from theca cells. The granulosa cells, in turn, utilize androstenedione and testosterone, which are aromatized into estrone and estradiol, respectively. Differential expression of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, c-fos, has been postulated to result in distinct patterns of steroidogenesis in the theca and granulosa cell compartments. We hypothesize that c-fos functions to inhibit the production of 17α-hydroxylase 17,20 lyase (CYP17) in granulosa cells, thereby suppressing androgen synthesis.
Objective: Our objective was to define the role of c-fos in the regulation of CYP17 production in granulosa cells.
Design and Methods: Human luteinized granulosa (HGL5) cells were utilized for all experiments. The following techniques were used: mRNA extraction, steroid quantification, small interfering RNA silencing, microarray analysis, and immunohistochemistry.
Results: Immunohistochemistry studies demonstrated significant staining of c-fos in the granulosa cell layer, but absent staining for CYP17. Conversely, the theca cell layer did not stain for c-fos, but staining was evident for CYP17. Treatment of HGL5 cells with the MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059 resulted in an 11-fold increase in CYP17 mRNA levels. In c-fos gene silenced cells, CYP17 mRNA levels increased 8-fold. Androstenedione production was increased 13-fold after treatment with PD98059.
Conclusions: These results suggest that the AP-1 transcription factor, c-fos, may be one of the factors responsible for CYP17 repression and hence suppression of androstenedione production in granulosa cells. This may provide an explanation for the lack of CYP17 in granulosa cells.
Database Submission—The Evolving Social Network of Marketing Scholars
Authors: Goldenberg Jacob , Libai Barak , Muller Eitan , Stremersch Stefan 
Published: December 2009

The interest in social networks among marketing scholars and practitioners has sharply increased in the last decade. One social network of which network scholars increasingly recognize the unique value is the academic collaboration (coauthor) network. We offer a comprehensive database of the collaboration network among marketing scholars over the last 40 years (available at http://mktsci.pubs.informs.org ). Based on the ProQuest database, it documents the social collaboration among researchers in dozens of the leading marketing journals, enabling us to create networks of active marketing researchers. Unlike most of the published academic collaboration research, our database is dynamic and follows the evolution of the field over many years. In this paper, we describe the database and point to some basic network descriptives that lead to interesting research questions. We believe this database can be of much value to researchers interested in the evolution of social networks over time, as well as the specific evolution of the marketing discipline. The data set described in this paper is maintained by the authors and available through http://mktsci.pubs.informs.org
Research Note—Prerelease Demand Forecasting for Motion Pictures Using Functional Shape Analysis of Virtual Stock Markets
Authors: Foutz Natasha Zhang , Jank Wolfgang 
Published: December 2009

Prerelease demand forecasting is one of the most crucial yet difficult tasks facing marketers in the $60 billion motion picture industry. We propose functional shape analysis (FSA) of virtual stock markets (VSMs) to address this long-standing challenge. In VSMs, prices of a movie's stock reflect the dynamic demand expectations prior to the movie's release. Using FSA, we identify a small number of distinguishing shapes, e.g., the last-moment velocity spurt, that carry information about a movie's future demand and produce early and accurate prerelease forecasts.We find that although forecasting errors from the existing methods, e.g., those that rely on movie features, can be as high as 90.87%, our approach results in an error of only 4.73%. Because demand forecasting is especially useful for managerial decision making when provided long before a movie's release, we further demonstrate how our method can be used for early forecasting and compare its power against alternative approaches. We also discuss the theoretical implications of the discovered shapes that may help managers identify indicators of a potentially successful movie early and dynamically.
Sevelamer Carbonate
Authors: Barna Mary M , Kapoian Toros , O'Mara Neeta Bahal 
Published: December 2009

OBJECTIVE To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, safety data, and place in therapy of sevelamer carbonate for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). DATA SOURCES A literature search of MEDLINE and MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations Databases (1966-August 2009) was conducted using the key words chronic kidney disease, hyperphosphatemia, and sevelamer carbonate. All published articles regarding sevelamer carbonate were included. References of selected articles, data from multiple presentations, and abstract publications were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Available English-language data from reviews, abstracts, presentations, and clinical trials of sevelamer carbonate in humans were reviewed; relevant clinical data were selected and included. DATA SYNTHESIS Sevelamer carbonate is approved to control serum phosphorus levels and treat hyperphosphatemia in patients with CKD who are on dialysis. In clinical trials, sevelamer carbonate has been shown to lower serum phosphorus levels and calcium-phosphorus product to a similar extent as sevelamer hydrochloride. Significantly fewer patients receiving treatment with sevelamer carbonate were likely to report any gastrointestinal adverse event compared with those on sevelamer hydrochloride treatment. Further, sevelamer carbonate is associated with significant effects on decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and may cause less metabolic acidosis than sevelamer hydrochloride. Additionally, sevelamer hydrochloride was removed from the market in October 2009; sevelamer carbonate is now the only available formulation. CONCLUSIONS Sevelamer carbonate is a treatment option for hyperphosphatemia in patients with CKD who are on dialysis. Clinical data indicate that sevelamer carbonate effectively lowers serum phosphorus levels while having minimal effect on serum calcium or serum chloride levels. The role of sevelamer carbonate in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia relative to other phosphate-binding drugs, including calcium salts and lanthanum, has not yet been established.
Supramolecular DNA nanotechnology
Authors: Aldaye Faisal A. , Sleiman Hanadi F. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Nature uses deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as the main material for the storage and transmission of life’s blueprint. Today, DNA is being used as a “smart” material to help solve a number of long-standing issues facing researchers in materials science and nanotechnology. In DNA nanotechnology, DNA’s powerful base-pair molecular recognition criteria are utilized to control the final structure and function of the material being generated. A sub-area of research that our group has recently termed “supramolecular DNA nanotechnology” is emerging and is extending the limits of this molecule in nanotechnology by further fine-tuning DNA’s structural and functional potential. This review will discuss the fruition and fundamentals of supramolecular DNA nanotechnology, as well as its future as a viable science in a material world.