bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The current status on secondary metabolites produced by fungi of the genus Diplodia associated with plants
Authors: Salvatore Maria Michela , Masi Marco , Andolfi Anna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFungi of the genus Diplodia have a worldwide distribution and are typically associated with plants. Diplodia is well‐known for the diseases it causes on economically and ecologically relevant plants. In particular, this fungal genus is responsible of various symptoms of plant diseases, including shoot blights, dieback, cankers and fruit rots. In the last decades, literature concerning metabolites produced by Diplodia species has been significantly enriched by many reports dealing with the biosynthetic potential of this fungal genus. Several polyketide- and terpenoid-derived compounds have been reported, demonstrating the biosynthetic arsenal of this fungal genus. Investigations on the biological properties of compounds isolated from in vitro cultures of these fungi have proved a broad spectrum of biological functions. In particular, bioassays disclosed that antimicrobial and phytotoxic activities are the most notable bioactivities of secondary metabolites isolated from this genus. Hence, the present review is intended as reference guide to metabolites produced by fungi currently belong to the genus Diplodia, emphasizing the implication of their occurrence, absolute configuration determinations and the structure–activity relationships.
What goes underground comes around: the molecular basis of crosstalk between plants and soil microorganisms
Authors: Tadrosova Manuela , Uhlik Ondrej , Suman Jachym 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe co-existence of plants and microorganisms throughout their evolution resulted in an intertwined ecological network that serves as the basis for the functioning of today’s terrestrial ecosystems. The interactions between plants, bacteria, and fungi are often multipartite and occur both within and among kingdoms. Apart from the textbook examples of tight mutualistic associations such as root nodule symbiosis or mycorrhizas, there are also looser interactions, e.g., those between plants and plant growth-promoting bacteria and fungi. Additionally, plants are also targets of microbial pathogens. Thus, intricate mechanisms of how plants and microorganisms recognize each other have evolved, mediated by chemical signals resulting in a differential gene expression and, eventually, a physiological response. This paper aims to review the molecular basis of such signaling, the apparatus of signal sensing and transduction in bacteria and plants are outlined and exemplified. Moreover, examples of recent discoveries in the field of plant–microbe signaling are presented, i.e., quorum quenching and the involvement of small RNAs. Last but not least, suggestions are provided for the potential exploitation of plant–microbe communication networks for human benefit, e.g., in the field of sustainable agriculture, aiming at crop growth promotion and protection against pathogens.
Texture and Contamination-Level Dependent Effects of Calcium-Rich Deinking Paper Sludge Biochar on Soil Cd Availability, Enzymatic Activity, and Plant Stress Mitigation
Authors: Kara Recep Serdar , Pazarlar Sercan , Okur Bülent , Almaz Cansu , Okur Nur , Matula Svatopluk , Miháliková Markéta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe study evaluated calcium-rich deinking paper sludge (DPS) biochar's capability as a viable alternative method to mitigate soil cadmium (Cd) availability. Our analysis of 68 recent studies showed that 75% of the studies focused on contamination levels below 10 mg kg-1. However, mining and smelting areas exhibit higher levels of Cd contamination (mean value of 57.5 mg kg-1 with a CV of 128%), necessitating a contamination rate-dependent approach.Clay loam (CL) and sandy loam (SL) soils were artificially contaminated with Cd to mimic polluted areas (20, 40, 80 mg kg-1). Soils were aged for six months and then treated with DPS biochar doses of 0%, 1%, and 3% (w/w) for a month. Cd extractability and toxicity were gauged using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid extraction and plant physiology tests. Supplementarily, machine learning algorithms were tested to predict plant physiological parameters and biomass production, leveraging variables from principal component analysis and design parameters.Biochar application (3%, w/w) reduced soil Cd availability (20.1% in SL, 8.4% in CL; p < .05), attributed to increased soil pH, enhanced microbial activity, and expanded soil surface area. The plants grown in treated soils displayed increased dry matter content, chlorophyll, relative water content, and decreased malondialdehyde levels. The impact varied, being more pronounced in SL soils with high Cd contamination.This study presents the first report on the use of DPS biochar in Cd-contaminated soils and sets expectations for its outcomes regarding plant physiology and soil microbial activity in a diversified experimental design. DPS biochar appeared as a tool for mitigating soil Cd availability and alleviating plant stress particularly in SL soils. The biochar's efficiency was influenced by its dose, the level of contamination, and the soil type, highlighting the importance of tailored application strategies.
What has Changed in 20 Years? Structure and Function of Soft-sediment Macrofauna in a Subarctic Embayment, Newfoundland (Canada)
Authors: Komendić Ivana , de Moura Neves Bárbara , Ramey-Balci Patricia A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how natural and anthropogenic disturbances affect the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems is central to predicting future dynamics. Placentia Bay is an Ecologically and Biologically Significant Area (EBSA) in the North Atlantic exposed to multiple stressors (e.g., rising sea surface temperatures, tanker traffic, and aquaculture). To investigate changes in the community and functional structure of soft-sediment macrofauna as well as environmental drivers of observed variation, we compared contemporary (2019–2020) and historical (1998) samples at eight stations (n = 77) collected 21 years apart. Although community and functional structure differed between these time points, functional traits were maintained (i.e., no loss of 36 trait modalities). Overall, 37% of species/taxa were only observed in either the historical or contemporary community, and the contemporary community exhibited lower macrofaunal density but had similar richness, resulting in higher evenness and diversity. Highly tolerant subsurface deposit feeders having small body sizes (< 10 mm) and direct development dominated the historical community. The contemporary community had nearly equal proportions of surface and subsurface deposit feeders with small to medium body sizes (< 10–50 mm) with pelagic larvae, and the proportion of highly tolerant species/taxa was reduced. These changes likely reflect the reduction in polychaetes (91 vs. 58%) and increased bivalves (4 vs. 25%) relative to the historical time point. Community variation was driven by changes in the sedimentary habitat. Contemporary versus historical sediments were ~ 4.5x coarser (possibly due to storms) with higher levels of sedimentary organic matter. This work contributes to advancing the understanding of relationships between benthic macrofauna, functional traits, and the sedimentary habitat in coastal environments.
Development of a semi-empirical bond strength model for multi-pass hot roll bonding based on the characterizations using the truncated-cone experiment
Authors: Krämer Alexander , Liu Zhao , Teller Marco , Aretz Holger , Karhausen Kai , Bailly David , Hirt Gerhard , Lohmar Johannes 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith special reference to the modelling of hot roll bonding, new experimental procedures to measure the resulting bond strength for a combination of AA6016 and AA8079 aluminum alloys at elevated temperatures and various strain rates using laboratory tests are proposed. The data acquired by this procedure is used to developed and calibrate a semi-empirical model, which accurately predicts the resulting bond strength within an error of 2 MPa on average. It is shown that the bond strength generally follows the flow stress regarding the dependency on temperature and strain. Additionally, inter-pass times can increase the bond strength, provided that both a suitable temperature and timespan are realized. Contrary, multiple consecutive height reductions were found to reduce the bond strength.
Dietary Supplementation of Compound Probiotics Improves Intestinal Health by Modulated Microbiota and Its SCFA Products as Alternatives to In-Feed Antibiotics
Authors: Wang Wenxing , Dang Guoqi , Hao Wei , Li Anping , Zhang Hongfu , Guan Shu , Ma Teng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium, and Pediococcus acidilactici, as intestinal probiotics, have been proved to play a positive role in treating intestinal diseases, promoting growth and immune regulation in poultry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of compound probiotics on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal microbiome characteristics, as well as intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. Treatment diets with chlortetracycline and compound probiotics were used for two groups of sixty broilers each throughout the feeding process. Another group was fed the basal diet. The BW (2589.41 ± 13.10 g vs 2422.50 ± 19.08 g) and ADG (60.57 ± 0.31 g vs 56.60 ± 0.45 g) of the compound probiotics added feed treatment group were significantly increased, and the FCR was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The supplementation of a compound probiotics enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadinBB60_group (P < 0.05), and modulated the cecal microbiota structure, thereby promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and elevating their levels (P < 0.05), particularly propionic and butyric acids. Furthermore, the administration of the compound probiotics supplements significantly enhanced the villi height, V/C ratio, and reduced the crypt depth (P < 0.05). In addition, the activity of digestive enzymes in the duodenum and jejunum was elevated (P < 0.05). Collectively, the selected compound probiotics supplemented in this experiment have demonstrated efficacy, warranting further application in practical production settings as a viable alternative to antibiotics, thereby facilitating efficient production and promoting gastrointestinal health.
Skeletal muscle as a pro- and anti-inflammatory tissue: insights from children to adults and ultrasound findings
Authors: Di Ludovico Armando , La Bella Saverio , Ciarelli Francesca , Chiarelli Francesco , Breda Luciana , Mohn Angelika 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPreviously regarded as a movement and posture control agent, the skeletal muscle is now recognized as an endocrine organ that may affect systemic inflammation and metabolic health. The discovery of myokines such as IL-6, released from skeletal muscle in response to physical exercise, is now one of the most recent insights. Myokines are the mediators of the balance between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. This underscores the muscle function as a determinant of good health and prevention of diseases. Advances in ultrasound technology improved evaluation of muscle thickness, composition, and determining fat distribution. Combining imaging with molecular biology, researchers discovered the complicated interplay between muscle function, cytokine production and general health effects.The production of myokines with exercise showcasing the adaptability of muscles to high-stress conditions and contributing to metabolism and inflammation regulation. These findings have significant implications in order to provide improvement in metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
The single point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) is associated with bone health in Arab adults
Authors: Al-Daghri Nasser M. , Wani Kaiser , Khattak Malak N. K. , Alnaami Abdullah M. , Al-Saleh Yousef , Sabico Shaun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
The Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) index is a surrogate marker for insulin sensitivity. Given the emerging role of bone as an active endocrine organ, its associations with non-invasive measures of extra-skeletal functions such as insulin sensitivity warrant investigation.

Aims
This study aimed to explore the relationship between the SPISE index and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in an adult population.

Methods
Data from a total of 1270 Arab adults (84% females, mean age 56.7 ± 8.1 years) from the Osteoporosis Registry Database of the Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases in King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was used in this study. T-scores and SPISE were calculated. Regression models were used to determine associations between SPISE and bone health indices.

Results
The low BMD group (N = 853; T-score <-1.0) had significantly higher SPISE values than those with normal BMD (N = 417; T-score − 1.0 and above) (4.6 ± 1.3 vs. 4.3 ± 1.2, p < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression, adjusted for covariates, confirmed a significant inverse association between SPISE and BMD for all participants (β=-0.22, p < 0.001), as well as both groups [normal BMD (β = -0.10, p = 0.02) and low BMD groups (β = -0.15, p < 0.001)]. SPISE, family history of T2DM, and history of fractures collectively account for 17% of the variances perceived in T-score for all participants (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
A significant inverse association between the SPISE index and BMD was observed in adults, suggesting a link between BMD and extra-skeletal health. Underlying mechanisms need to be investigated prospectively using BMD as secondary outcomes in lifestyle modification programs.
Multi-scale experimental study on the failure mechanism of high-strength bolts under highly mineralized environment
Authors: He Zhe , Zhang Nong , Xie Zhengzheng , Wei Qun , Han Changliang , Guo Feng , Yin Yijun , Liu Yuxuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh-strength bolts have become indispensable support materials in geotechnical engineering, but the incidence of safety accidents caused by bolt fractures under complex geological conditions is increasing. To address this challenge, this study focuses on a typical roadway in the Xinjulong coal mine, employing a combination of mechanical performance testing, microscopic and macroscopic analyses to investigate the failure mechanism of bolt breakage. The research indicates that the cracks in the failed bolts underground exhibit subcritical patterns, with the presence of oxides and Cl elements, and multiple intergranular fractures internally, consistent with the characteristics of stress corrosion failure. Additionally, inherent defects in the bolts are also a primary cause of failure. For instance, for type A bolts, the levels of P and S elements significantly exceed the normative requirements, forming inclusions, while the low content of elements like Si and V leads to reduced plasticity, toughness, and corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the excessive pitch in type A bolts leads to stress concentration and cracking under complex loads. The study concludes that the synergistic effect of stress corrosion cracking and inherent flaws in bolts are the main causes of failure. Therefore, it is recommended to enhance the reliability and safety of bolt support by optimizing the bolt shape and developing anti-corrosion bolts, thereby achieving long-term stability in underground engineering.
The we—sum of its parts or something else?
Authors: Hess Fabian M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
How could the idea of continuous identity be compatible with the fact that people live in social spheres (groups) which are subject to constant change? Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this article analyzes what is meant by social and collective identity in ordinary language, psychology, and philosophy. By comparing the ideas of the Social Identity Approach, Social Representations Theory, and Identity Process Theory with Vincent Descombes’ Puzzling Identities, a work in analytic philosophy, the article addresses the fundamental problem of how identity continuity could be possible despite social change. In particular, both the changing material composition of groups and the idea of identity formation in fluid meta-contrast comparisons prove to be major obstacles to continuity. It is discussed how these obstacles might be overcome by the social psychological notions of stable prototypes or representations as well as philosophical ideas of portraying collectives as legal persons, political agents, or general will.
Design of an academic document forgery detection system
Authors: Boonkrong Sirapat 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdvances in digital technology and communication are reducing the popularity of physical or paper-based documents, particularly in the official academic field. Many academic institutions have shifted from paper-based academic documents to electronic formats. However, with the availability of document-editing and photo-editing software, an adversary can illegally modify original academic documents to suit their needs. Therefore, it is essential that receivers of these digital academic documents must verify the authenticity and detect the forgery of the documents. In this study, a cryptographic hash function, which is concerned with data integrity, is used to detect modifications of digital academic documents. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the correctness and speed of academic document verification. The proposed system was compared with other conventional methods such as digital signature-based, convolutional neural network, and blockchain-based methods. Our study shows that the proposed system can efficiently detect forged digital academic documents with 100% accuracy and a verification speed of 0.352 ms, which is considerably faster than the current digital signature-based, convolutional neural network and blockchain-based technologies. The proposed cryptographic hash function-based method provides another way to help detect forged academic documents.
PSA-Test und moderne Biomarker zur Detektion von Prostatakrebs
Authors: Elyan Anas , Mortezavi Ashkan 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungAuch nach mehr als 3 Dekaden ist der PSA-Test ungeschlagen in Sachen Kosteneffizienz als initialer Triagetest zur Früherkennung des Prostatakrebses. Überschreitet der PSA-Wert einen vordefinierten Grenzwert, haben die neuen Biomarker als Triggertest alle das Potenzial, die Anzahl der unnötigen MRT-Untersuchungen und Biopsien zu senken. Welcher Biomarker sich durchsetzt, ist davon abhängig, wie gut der Zugang zum Test ist (geografisch bedingt), wie belastbar die klinischen Studien sind (prospektiv, statistische Aussagekraft) und ob der Test auch im gewünschten Setting kalibriert ist (Screening vs. vor Biopsie). Der Stockholm3-Test erfüllt aktuell alle 3 Anforderungen für ein Screeningsetting, wobei zeitnahe auch Daten für den 4Kscore® erwartet werden.
Reflections on Simplicity and Complexity in Computational Neuroscience
Authors: Rajan Kanaka , Treves Alessandro , Gaudenzi Rocco 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis double interview with two distinguished researchers in computational neuroscience, Kanaka Rajan and Alessandro Treves, aims to capture a part of their talks and discussions that emerged during a workshop on physical modelling of thought, held in Berlin in January 2023. The topic is the fascinating all-round intersection of physics and neuroscience through the perspectives of the interviewees. The dialogue traverses the complex terrain of modelling thought processes, shedding light on the trade-off between simplicity and complexity that defines the field of computational neuroscience. From the early days of physics-inspired brain models to the cutting-edge advancements in large language models, the interviewees share their journey, challenges, and insights into the modelling of physical and biological systems; they recount their experience with computational neuroscience, explore the impact of large language models on our understanding of human language and cognition, and speculate on the future directions of physics-inspired computational neuroscience, emphasising the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and a deeper integration of complexity and detail in modelling the brain and its functions.
A method for extracting aquatic animal disease prevention and control events integrated with capsule network
Authors: Sha Mingyang , Zhang Sijia , Fu Qingcai , An Zongshi , Li Zhenglin , Zhang Zhenglong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAddressing the issue of long-tail event entity recognition in aquatic animal disease prevention and control, this paper proposes an event extraction method that integrates capsule networks. The method designs two parallel networks: the first utilizes BERT + TextCNN to extract initial and local features from the text, while Multi-BiLSTM further captures multi-dimensional dependency information features. The second network employs capsule networks to extract local features and learns spatial semantic relationships among different event entities. The features extracted from both networks are then fused. Experimental results demonstrate that this method achieves significant recognition performance on the aquatic animal disease prevention and control event dataset, with an F1 score of 75.83%, effectively addressing the challenge of long-tail event entity recognition.
Inflammatory Cells in Control and Prolapsed Uterosacral Ligament Tissue
Authors: Orlicky David J. , Smith E. Erin , Johnson Joshua , Hilton Ashley E. , Guess Marsha K. , Rascoff Lauren G. , Arruda Jaime S. , Hutchinson-Colas Juana A. , Yang Ivana , Connell Kathleen A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPelvic organ prolapse (POP), a downward descent of the vagina and/or uterus through the vaginal canal, is a prevalent condition affecting up to 40% of women. Several risk factors of POP have been identified, including childbirth, connective tissue defects, and chronic intra-abdominal pressure; however, the underlying etiologies of POP development are not fully understood, leading to a high burden on patients and the healthcare systems. The uterosacral ligaments are key support structures of the uterus and upper vagina. Our previous work describes observed histopathological changes in uterosacral ligament (USL) tissue and demonstrates the presence of neutrophils in a subgroup of POP individuals. This presence of neutrophils prompted an examination for the presence of a broader spectrum of inflammatory cell types in the USL. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to identify neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells outside of the vasculature. All 4 inflammatory cell types were increased in the POP-HQ system-defined POP-Inflammatory (POP-I) phenotype USL tissue relative to the USL tissues of control or other POP-HQ phenotypes. Focal T-lymphocyte and macrophage co-accumulations were observed in the arterial walls from some patients of the POP-vascular (POP-V) phenotype suggesting previous arterial injury. In addition, 1 control and 2 POP-V subjects’ USLs contained arterial wall foamy macrophages, evidence of atherosclerosis. These findings further support a complex etiology for POP and indicate that personalized approaches to preventing and treating the condition may be warranted.