bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operator semigroups for functional-differential equations with delay
Authors: Ruess W. M. , Summers W. H. 
Published: June 2012

We show that a strongly continuous operator semigroup can be associated with the functional differential delay equation (FDE)
\[

{

x
′
(
t
)
+
a
x
(
t
)
+
B
x
(
t
)
∍
F
(

x
t

)
,

a
m
p
;

t
≥
0

x

|

R

−

=
φ
∈
E

a
m
p
;

\left \{ {\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} {x\prime (t) + ax(t) + Bx(t) \backepsilon F({x_t}),} \hfill & {t \geq 0} \hfill \\ {x{|_{{\mathbb {R}^ - }}} = \varphi \in E} \hfill & {} \hfill \\ \end {array} } \right .

\]
under local conditions which give wide latitude to those subsets of the state space

X
X

and initial data space

E
E

, respectively, where (a) the (generally multivalued) operator

B
⊆
X
×
X

B \subseteq X \times X

is defined and accretive, and (b) the historyresponsive function

F
:
D
(
F
)
⊆
E
→
X

F:D(F) \subseteq E \to X

is defined and Lipschitz continuous. The associated semigroup is then used to investigate existence and uniqueness of solutions to (FDE). By allowing the domain of the solution semigroup to be restricted according to specific local properties of

B
B

and

F
F

, moreover, our methods automatically lead to assertions on flow invariance. We illustrate our results through applications to the Goodwin oscillator and a single species population model.
Scattering theory for semilinear wave equations with small data in two space dimensions
Authors: Tsutaya Kimitoshi 
Published: June 2012

We study scattering theory for the semilinear wave equation

u

t
t

−
Δ
u
=

|

u

|

p
−
1

u

{u_{tt}} - \Delta u = |u{|^{p - 1}}u

in two space dimensions. We show that if

p
>

p
0

=
(
3
+

17

)

/

2

p > {p_0} = (3 + \sqrt {17} )/2

, the scattering operator exists for smooth and small data. The lower bound

p
0

{p_0}

of p is considered to be optimal (see Glassey [6, 7], Schaeffer [18]). Our result is an extension of the results by Strauss [19], Klainerman [10], and Mochizuki and Motai [14, 15]. The construction of the scattering operator for small data does not follow directly from the proofs in [7, 13, 20 and 22] concerning the global existence of solutions for the Cauchy problem of the above equation with small initial data given at

t
=
0

t = 0

in two space dimensions, because we have to consider the integral equation with unbounded integral region associated to the above equation:
\[

u
(
x
,
t
)
=

u
0
−

(
x
,
t
)
+

1

2
π

∫

−
∞

t

∫

|

x
−
y

|

≤
t
−
s

(

|

u

|

p
−
1

u
)
(
y
,
s
)

(
t
−
s
)

2

−

|

x
−
y

|

2

d
y

d
s
,

u(x,t) = u_0^ - (x,t) + \frac {1}{{2\pi }}\int _{ - \infty }^t {\int _{|x - y| \leq t - s} {\frac {{(|u{|^{p - 1}}u)(y,s)}}{{\sqrt {{{(t - s)}^2} - |x - y{|^2}} }}dy\;ds,} }

\]
for

t
∈
R

t \in R

, where

u
0
−

(
x
,
t
)

u_0^ - (x,t)

is a solution of

u

t
t

−
Δ
u
=
0

{u_{tt}} - \Delta u = 0

which

u
(
x
,
t
)

u(x,t)

approaches asymptotically as

t
→
−
∞

t \to - \infty

. The proof of the basic estimate for the above integral equation is more difficult and complicated than that for the Cauchy problem of

u

t
t

−
Δ
u
=

|

u

|

p
−
1

u

{u_{tt}} - \Delta u = |u{|^{p - 1}}u

in two space dimensions.
Differential equations for symmetric generalized ultraspherical polynomials
Authors: Koekoek Roelof 
Published: June 2012

We look for differential equations satisfied by the generalized Jacobi polynomials

{

P
n

α
,
β
,
M
,
N

(
x
)

}

n
=
0

∞

\{ P_n^{\alpha ,\beta ,M,N}(x)\} _{n = 0}^\infty

which are orthogonal on the interval

[
−
1
,
1
]

[- 1,1]

with respect to the weight function
\[

Γ
(
α
+
β
+
2
)

2

α
+
β
+
1

Γ
(
α
+
1
)
Γ
(
β
+
1
)

(
1
−
x

)
α

(
1
+
x

)
β

+
M
δ
(
x
+
1
)
+
N
δ
(
x
−
1
)
,

\frac {{\Gamma (\alpha + \beta + 2)}}{{{2^{\alpha + \beta + 1}}\Gamma (\alpha + 1)\Gamma (\beta + 1)}}{(1 - x)^\alpha }{(1 + x)^\beta } + M\delta (x + 1) + N\delta (x - 1),

\]
where

α
>
−
1

\alpha > - 1

,

β
>
−
1

\beta > - 1

,

M
≥
0

M \geq 0

, and

N
≥
0

N \geq 0

. In the special case that

β
=
α

\beta = \alpha

and

N
=
M

N = M

we find all differential equations of the form
\[

∑

i
=
0

∞

c
i

(
x
)

y

(
i
)

(
x
)
=
0
,

y
(
x
)
=

P
n

α
,
α
,
M
,
M

(
x
)
,

\sum \limits _{i = 0}^\infty {{c_i}(x){y^{(i)}}(x) = 0,\quad y(x) = P_n^{\alpha ,\alpha ,M,M}(x),}

\]
where the coefficients

{

c
i

(
x
)

}

i
=
1

∞

\{ {c_i}(x)\} _{i = 1}^\infty

are independent of the degree n. We show that if

M
>
0

M > 0

only for nonnegative integer values of

α
\alpha

there exists exactly one differential equation which is of finite order

2
α
+
4

2\alpha + 4

. By using quadratic transformations we also obtain differential equations for the polynomials

{

P
n

α
,
±
1

/

2
,
0
,
N

(
x
)

}

n
=
0

∞

\{ P_n^{\alpha , \pm 1/2,0,N}(x)\} _{n = 0}^\infty

for all

α
>
−
1

\alpha > - 1

and

N
≥
0

N \geq 0

.
On some subalgebras of 𝐵(𝑐₀) and 𝐵(𝑙₁)
Authors: Cass F. P. , Gao J. X. 
Published: June 2012

For a non-reflexive Banach space

X
X

and

w
∈

X

∗

∗

w \in {X^{{\ast }{\ast }}}

, two families of subalgebras of

B
(
X
)
,

Γ
w

=
{
T
∈
B
(
X
)

|

T

∗

∗

w
=
k
w

for some

k
∈

C

}

B(X),\;{\Gamma _w} = \{ T \in B(X)|{T^{{\ast }{\ast }}}w = kw\;{\text {for some}}\;k \in \mathbb {C}{\text {\} }}

, and

Ω
w

=
{
T
∈
B
(
X
)

|

T

∗

∗

w
∈
w
⊕

X
^

}

{\Omega _w} = \{ T \in B(X)|{T^{{\ast }{\ast }}}w \in w \oplus \hat X\}

for

w
∈

X

∗

∗

∖

X
^

w \in {X^{{\ast }{\ast }}}\backslash \hat X

with

Ω
w

=
B
(
X
)

{\Omega _w} = B(X)

for

w
∈

X
^

w \in \hat X

, were defined originally by Wilansky. We consider

X
=

c
0

X = {c_0}

and

X
=

l
1

X = {l_1}

and investigate relationships between the subalgebras for different

w
∈

X

∗

∗

w \in {X^{{\ast }{\ast }}}

. We prove in the case of

c
0

{c_0}

that, for

w
∈

X

∗

∗

∖

X
^

w \in {X^{{\ast }{\ast }}}\backslash \hat X

, all

Γ
w

{\Gamma _w}

’s are isomorphic and all

Ω
w

{\Omega _w}

’s are isomorphic. For

X
=

l
1

X = {l_1}

, where it is known that not all

Γ
w

{\Gamma _w}

’s are isomorphic and not all

Ω
w

{\Omega _w}

’s are isomorphic, we show, surprisingly, that subalgebras associated with a Dirac measure on

β

N

∖

N

\beta \mathbb {N}\backslash \mathbb {N}

, regarded as a functional on

l
1

∗

l_1^{\ast }

, are isomorphic to those associated with some Banach limit (i.e., a translation invariant extended limit). We also obtain a representation for the operators in the subalgebras

{
∩

Γ
f

|

f

is a Banach limit

}

\{ \cap {\Gamma _f}|f\;{\text {is a Banach limit}}\}

and

{
∩

Ω
f

|

f

is a Banach limit

}

\{ \cap {\Omega _f}|f\;{\text {is a Banach limit}}\}

of

B
(

l
1

)

B({l_1})

.
𝑒-invariants and finite covers. II
Authors: Smith Larry 
Published: June 2012

Let

M
~

↓
M

\widetilde {M} \downarrow M

be a finite covering of closed framed manifolds. By the Pontrijagin-Thom construction both

M
~

\widetilde {M}

and

M
M

define elements in the stable homotopy ring of spheres

π
∗
s

\pi _*^s

. Associated to

M
~

\widetilde {M}

and

M
M

are their

e
e

invariants

e
L

(

M
~

)

{e_L}(\widetilde {M})

,

e
L

(
M
)
∈

Q

/

Z

{e_L}(M) \in \mathbb {Q}/\mathbb {Z}

. If

N
~

↓
N

\widetilde {N} \downarrow N

is a finite covering of closed oriented manifolds, then there is a related invariant

I
Δ

(

N
~

↓
N
)
∈

Q

{I_\Delta }(\widetilde {N} \downarrow N) \in \mathbb {Q}

of the diffeomorphism class of the covering. In a previous paper we examined the relation between these invariants. We reduced the determination of

e
L

(

M
~

)
−
p

e
L

(
M
)

{e_L}(\widetilde {M}) - p{e_L}(M)

, as well as

I
Δ

(

N
~

↓
N
)

{I_\Delta }(\widetilde {N} \downarrow N)

, for a

p
p

-fold cover, to the evaluation of certain sums of roots of unity. In this sequel we show how the invariant theory of the cyclic group

Z

/

p

\mathbb {Z}/p

may be used to evaluate these rums. For example we obtain
\[

∑

ζ
p

=
1

ζ
≠
1

(
1
+
ζ
)
(
1
+

ζ

−
1

)

(
1
−
ζ
)
(
1
−

ζ

−
1

)

=

(
p
−
1
)
(
p
−
2
)

3

\sum _{\substack {\zeta ^p = 1\\\zeta \ne 1}} \frac {(1 + \zeta )(1 + \zeta ^{-1})}{(1 - \zeta )(1 - \zeta ^{-1})} = \frac {(p - 1)(p - 2)}{3}

\]
which may be used to determine the value of

I
Δ

{I_\Delta }

in degrees congruent to

3
3

mod

2
(
p
−
1
)

\mod 2(p - 1)

for odd primes

p
p

.
DiNuP: a systematic approach to identify regions of differential nucleosome positioning
Authors: Fu Kai , Tang Qianzi , Feng Jianxing , Liu X. Shirley , Zhang Yong 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Motivation: With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, the genome-wide profiling of nucleosome positioning has become increasingly affordable. Many future studies will investigate the dynamic behaviour of nucleosome positioning in cells that have different states or that are exposed to different conditions. However, a robust method to effectively identify the regions of differential nucleosome positioning (RDNPs) has not been previously available.
Results: We describe a novel computational approach, DiNuP, that compares nucleosome profiles generated by high-throughput sequencing under various conditions. DiNuP provides a statistical P-value for each identified RDNP based on the difference of read distributions. DiNuP also empirically estimates the false discovery rate as a cutoff when two samples have different sequencing depths and differentiate reliable RDNPs from the background noise. Evaluation of DiNuP showed it to be both sensitive and specific for the detection of changes in nucleosome location, occupancy and fuzziness. RDNPs that were identified using publicly available datasets revealed that nucleosome positioning dynamics are closely related to the epigenetic regulation of transcription.
Availability and implementation: DiNuP is implemented in Python and is freely available at http://www.tongji.edu.cn/~zhanglab/DiNuP.
Contact: yzhang@tongji.edu.cn
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
PUNCTATE VASCULAR EXPRESSION1Is a Novel Maize Gene Required for Leaf Pattern Formation That Functions Downstream of the Trans-Acting Small Interfering RNA Pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiaolan , Douglas Ryan N. , Strable Josh , Lee Michelle , Buckner Brent , Janick-Buckner Diane , Schnable Patrick S. , Timmermans Marja C.P. , Scanlon Michael J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe maize (Zea mays) gene RAGGED SEEDLING2-R (RGD2-R) encodes an ARGONAUTE7-like protein required for the biogenesis of trans-acting small interfering RNA, which regulates the accumulation of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3A transcripts in shoots. Although dorsiventral polarity is established in the narrow and cylindrical leaves of rgd2-R mutant plants, swapping of adaxial/abaxial epidermal identity occurs and suggests a model wherein RGD2 is required to coordinate dorsiventral and mediolateral patterning in maize leaves. Laser microdissection-microarray analyses of the rgd2-R mutant shoot apical meristem identified a novel gene, PUNCTATE VASCULAR EXPRESSION1 (PVE1), that is down-regulated in rgd2-R mutant apices. Transcripts of PVE1 provide an early molecular marker for vascular morphogenesis. Reverse genetic analyses suggest that PVE1 functions during vascular development and in mediolateral and dorsiventral patterning of maize leaves. Molecular genetic analyses of PVE1 and of rgd2-R;pve1-M2 double mutants suggest a model wherein PVE1 functions downstream of RGD2 in a pathway that intersects and interacts with the trans-acting small interfering RNA pathway.
Characterization of MLSb resistance among Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates carrying different SCCmec types
Authors: Teodoro Cristiane R. S. , Mattos Cláudio S. , Cavalcante Fernanda S. , Pereira Eliezer M. , Santos Kátia R. N. dos 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThis work characterizes MLSb resistance in 39 methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 32 Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) isolates. Of 21 erm(A) gene encoding MRSA isolates, 71.4% carried SCCmecIII, whereas of 12 isolates carrying the erm(C) gene, 83.3% carried SCCmecIV. Among the 25 MRSE isolates positive for the erm(C) gene, 80% had SCCmecIV or nontypeable cassettes. Isolates carrying these genes had MIC90≥ 256 μg/mL to erythromycin and clindamycin. The msr(A) gene was associated with a low MIC90 to these drugs. The erm(A) gene was associated with SCCmecIII in MRSA isolates, whereas the erm(C) gene was associated with SCCmecIV in both MRSA and MRSE isolates.
(Un)‐blaming mothers whose partners sexually abuse children: in view of heteronormative myths, pressures and authorities
Authors: McLaren Helen Jaqueline 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTMothers of children who have been sexually abused are often shamed, blamed and held guilty for their male partners' sexual perpetrations. These feelings are constrained by the dominant heteronormative discourses, institutions and systems that devalue women, that silence them and which subsequently blame women for the abuse as well as their silence. Paradoxically, the risks for mothers speaking out are reinforced by social criticism and professional response that draw on heteronormative discourses that accuse women for ‘failing to protect’ their children, for being ‘bad’ mothers or for making poor choices in their lovers. With these issues at the forefront, this paper illuminates how heteronormative discourses may operate to not only shame and blame women unable to leave their adult relationships and protect their children, but they also strengthen the perpetrator's power as strategic actors in concealing child sexual abuse. It is argued that the heteronormative discourses that reinforce women's sense of guilt obstruct professional intervention and make service engagement of these women difficult. In light of the power of discourse, the importance of combining an overlapping systems approach in which individualized client‐centred support is provided to each family member involved in child sexual abuse matters, including for the mothers in their own right, is discussed.
Activation of cytokines corroborate with development of inflammation and autoimmunity in thromboangiitis obliterans patients
Authors: Dellalibera-Joviliano R , Joviliano E E , Silva J S , Evora P R B 
Published: June 2012

Summary
Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a segmental inflammatory occlusive disorder that affects the arm and leg arteries of young smokers. The immune system seems to play a critical role in the aetiology of TAO; however, knowledge of the aspects involved in the progression of vascular tissue inflammation and, consequently, the evolution of this disease is still limited. This study was carried out to investigate the cytokine levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-23 in the plasma of TAO patients presenting with acute clinical manifestations. The study included 20 TAO patients (n = 10 women; n = 10 men) aged 38–59 years under clinical follow-up, classified into two groups: (i) TAO former smokers (n = 11) and (ii) TAO active smokers (n = 9); the control groups included normal volunteer non-smokers (n = 10, active smokers (n = 10) and former smokers (n = 10). Patients' plasma samples were measured using the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses were performed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test, with parameters significant at P &lt; 0·05. The activities of all cytokines were different in groups of TAO patients when compared with normal controls, and decreased for control smokers. Increased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-23 were significant in patients with TAO when compared to the controls (P &lt; 0·005, all parameters). The results presented here indicate an increased production of cytokines in TAO, possibly contributing to the inflammatory response observed in the patients' vascular levels. In addition, the increased levels of IL-17 and IL-23 suggest that the disturbance of TAO is involved with mechanisms of autoimmunity. Thus, the discovery of IL-17 and its association with inflammation and autoimmune pathology has reshaped our viewpoint regarding the pathogenesis of TAO, which was based previously on the T helper type 1 (Th1)–Th2 paradigm.
Successful implementation of clinical practice guidelines for pressure risk management in a home nursing setting
Authors: Kapp Suzanne 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRationale  This paper reports an initiative which promoted evidence‐based practice in pressure risk assessment and management among home nursing clients in Melbourne, Australia.Aim and objectives  The aim of this study was to evaluate the introduction and uptake of the Australian Wound Management Association Guidelines for the Prediction and Prevention of Pressure Ulcers.Method  In 2007 a pilot study was conducted. Nurse perspectives (n=21) were obtained via survey and a client profile (n=218) was generated. Audit of the uptake and continued use of the pressure risk screening tool, during the pilot study and later once implemented as standard practice organizational wide, was conducted.Results  Nurses at the pilot site successfully implemented the practice guidelines, pressure risk screening was adopted and supporting resources were well received. Most clients were at low risk of pressure ulcer development. The pilot site maintained and extended their pilot study success, ensuring more than 90% of clients were screened for pressure risk over the 18 months which followed. All other sites performed less well initially, however subsequently improved, meeting the pilot sites success after 18 months. Two years later, the organization continues to screen more than 90% of all clients for pressure risk.Conclusion  Implementation of clinical practice guidelines was successful in the pilot project and pressure risk screening became a well‐adopted practice. Success continued following organizational wide implementation. Pilot study findings suggest it may be prudent to monitor the pressure ulcer risk status of low risk clients so as to prevent increasing risk and pressure ulcer development among this group.
Fish immune responses against endoparasitic nematodes – experimental models
Authors: Buchmann K 
Published: June 2012

AbstractVertebrates mount a series of immune reactions when invaded by helminths but antihelmintic immune strategies allow, in many cases, the first invaders of the non‐immune host to survive for prolonged periods, whereas subsequent larval invaders of the same parasite species face increased host resistance and thereby decreased colonization success. This concomitant immunity may represent a trade‐off between adverse side effects (associated with killing of large helminths in the host tissue) and the need for future protection against invasion. Encapsulation and isolation of large live endoparasitic larvae may be associated with less pathology compared to coping with excess dead parasite tissue in host organs. Likewise, live adult nematodes may be accepted in tissues at a certain activity level for the same reasons. Various host cell receptors bind helminth molecules after which signal‐transducing events lead to mobilization of specific reaction patterns depending on the combination of receptors and ligands involved. Both innate and adaptive responses (humoral and cellular) are prominent actors, but skewing of the Th1 lymphocyte response towards a Th2 type is a characteristic element of antihelminthic responses in mammalian hosts. Similar patterns may be expected also to occur in at least some fish species, such as salmonids, producing relevant cytokines, MHCII and CD4+ cells required for these lymphocyte subpopulations. Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., is without these immunological elements that indicate that alternative reaction pathways exist in at least some fish groups. Recent achievements within teleost immunology have made it possible to track these host responses in fish and the present work outlines the main immune reactions in fish against helminths and suggests three experimental fish models for exploration of these immune pathways in fish infected with nematodes.
Treatment of vibriosis in European sea bass larvae, Dicentrarchus labrax L., with oxolinic acid administered by bath or through medicated nauplii of Artemia franciscana (Kellogg): efficacy and residual kinetics
Authors: Touraki M , Niopas I , Karagiannis V. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEuropean sea bass larvae were challenged by bath with Listonella anguillarum strain 332A, 2.5 × 107 CFU mL−1 for 1 h. Fish either received no treatment or oral treatment with Artemia franciscana (Kellog) nauplii enriched with oxolinic acid, or bath treatments with oxolinic acid. Medication commenced 1 day following challenge and was performed on days 1, 3 and 5 post‐challenge at a dosage of 20 mg L−1 for 2 h for bath treatments, while two doses each of 750 nauplii per fish were administered daily for five consecutive days in oral treatments. Cumulative mortality reached 96% for the unmedicated challenged group, 32% in the group receiving bath treatments and 17% in the group receiving medicated nauplii. Pharmacokinetic parameters of oxolinic acid were calculated in sea bass larvae, for both treatments. Steady‐state concentrations of oxolinic acid of 48.0 and 75.2 μg g−1 were achieved for bath treatment and oral treatment, respectively, while the elimination half‐life was calculated to be 25.1 h for bath treatment and 21.7 h for oral treatment.
Evaluation of digestive tolerance of a soluble corn fibre
Authors: Housez B. , Cazaubiel M. , Vergara C. , Bard J.‐M. , Adam A. , Einerhand A. , Samuel P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground:  To assess consumers’ acceptance of a new fibre, it is essential to evaluate its digestive tolerance after ingestion. We aimed to determine the tolerance of increasing dosages of Promitor™ Soluble Gluco Fibre (SGF; Tate&Lyle, Hoffman Estates, IL, USA) up to 70 g fibre per day using a validated gastrointestinal composite score.Methods:  A composite score of gastrointestinal tolerance integrating gastrointestinal symptoms, stool frequency and consistency was applied. To statistically validate this composite score, the gastrointestinal tolerance of inulin (10 g versus 20 g containing, respectively, 9 g versus 18 g of fibre) was assessed in 18 healthy volunteers in a randomised double‐blind placebo‐controlled cross‐over study. Second, in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled cross‐over study with 20 healthy volunteers, the gastrointestinal tolerance of SGF in both acute and ‘spread over the day’ conditions of consumption was assessed.Results:  By contrast to 10 g, 20 g of inulin demonstrated a significant difference in composite score compared to placebo [P < 0.001, difference = 7.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.8–11.3]. These values were considered as reference during the second study. In acute conditions, 40 g of SGF fibre was the highest (threshold) dose tested that indicates the digestive tolerance criteria (difference from placebo on the composite score <7.6 and upper limit of the 95% CI <11.3); this is twice the amount tolerated for inulin. In ‘spread over the day’ conditions, 65 g of SGF fibre was the threshold dose (P < 0.001, difference = 6.5; 95% CI = 3.4–9.5).Conclusions:  The results of the present study demonstrate that 40 g of SGF fibre, when consumed as a single dose, and 65 g of SGF fibre, when consumed in multiple‐doses, across the day are well‐tolerated by healthy volunteers.