bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased cardiac index due to terbutaline treatment aggravates capillary-alveolar macromolecular leakage in oleic acid lung injury in dogs
Authors: Briot Raphael , Bayat Sam , Anglade Daniel , Martiel Jean-Louis , Grimbert Francis 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Introduction
We assessed the in vivo effects of terbutaline, a beta2-agonist assumed to reduce microvascular permeability in acute lung injury.

Methods
We used a recently developed broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) technique to repeatedly measure (every 15 min. for 4 hours) the time-course of capillary-alveolar leakage of a macromolecule (fluorescein-labeled dextran) in 19 oleic acid (OA) lung injured dogs. BAL was performed in a closed lung sampling site, using a bronchoscope fitted with an inflatable cuff. Fluorescein-labeled Dextran (FITC-D70) was continuously infused and its concentration measured in plasma and BAL fluid. A two-compartment model (blood and alveoli) was used to calculate KAB, the transport rate coefficient of FITC-D70 from blood to alveoli. KAB was estimated every 15 minutes over 4 hours. Terbutaline intra-venous perfusion was started 90 min. after the onset of the injury and then continuously infused until the end of the experiment.

Results
In the non-treated injured group, the capillary-alveolar leakage of FITC-D70 reached a peak within 30 minutes after the OA injury. Thereafter the FITC-D70 leakage decreased gradually until the end of the experiment. Terbutaline infusion, started 90 min after injury, interrupted the recovery with an aggravation in FITC-D70 leakage.

Conclusions
As cardiac index increased with terbutaline infusion, we speculate that terbutaline recruits leaky capillaries and increases FITC-D70 leakage after OA injury. These findings suggest that therapies inducing an increase in cardiac output and a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistances have the potential to heighten the early increase in protein transport from plasma to alveoli within the acutely injured lung.
Antagonistic roles of four SR proteins in the biosynthesis of alternatively spliced tissue factor transcripts in monocytic cells
Authors: Chandradas Sajiv , Deikus Gintaras , Tardos Jonathan G , Bogdanov Vladimir Y 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Tissue factor profile of human monocytic cells, afforded by alternative splicing, can be greatly influenced by the activity of SR proteins.
Following recruitment to solid tissues, peripheral blood monocytes express a number of proinflammatory molecules including TF, a trigger of coagulation that also promotes cell–cell interactions and tissue remodeling. Monocytes express two forms of TF: flTF, a highly coagulant transmembrane form, and asTF, a highly proangiogenic, soluble TF form. Biosynthesis of the two TF forms occurs via alternative processing of exon 5 during pre-mRNA splicing. Its inclusion results in flTF mRNA and its exclusion, asTF mRNA. We developed a splicing reporter system recently and determined that two spliceosomal constituents, SR proteins ASF/SF2 and SRp55, play a pivotal role in exon 5 inclusion. In this report, we show for the first time that two other SR proteins expressed in human monocytes, SRp40 and SC35, antagonize ASF/SF2 and SRp55 by competing for binding to certain sites in exon 5, thereby promoting TF exon 5 exclusion, an event unique to asTF biosynthesis. We also show that the intron preceding TF exon 5 possesses characteristics rarely found in U2 introns. Our findings indicate that modulation of TF pre-mRNA splicing can be accomplished via modification of SR proteins’ activity, facilitating development of novel therapeutic strategies to modulate the “TF profile” of monocytes/macrophages.
Do Telephones Overcome Geographical Barriers to General Practice Out-Of-Hours Services? Mixed-Methods Study of Parents with Young Children
Authors: Turnbull Joanne , Pope Catherine , Martin David , Lattimer Valerie 
Published: October 2009

Objective To examine if telephones overcome geographical barriers to accessing primary care out-of-hours by parents of young children. Methods Mixed methods including quantitative analysis of 5697 calls about children aged 0-4 years, 30 hours of observation at primary care centres, eight interviews with parents and a review of 80 telephone call recordings. Results Call rates for children (0-4 years) decreased with increasing distance: the 20% of people who lived furthest from a primary care centre made fewer calls, 570 per 1000 patients/year (95% CI 558 to 582) than the 20% living closest, 652 (95% CI 644 to 661). Overall, call rates decreased with increasing rurality. Qualitative analysis suggested that this geographical variation was linked to familiarity with the system (notably previous contact with health services) and the availability of services, legitimacy of demand (particularly for children) and negotiation about mode of care. Conclusions People already disadvantaged by their distance from facilities or socioeconomic circumstances may continue to be at a disadvantage when services are provided by telephone.
The Becton Dickinson FocalPoint GS Imaging System
Authors: Wilbur David C. , Black-Schaffer W. Stephen , Luff Ronald D. , Abraham Kurian P. , Kemper Cynthia , Molina James T. , Tench William D. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Location-guided screening in cervical cytology offers a potentially significant advance over routine manual screening. A prospective, 2-armed, masked clinical trial of the BD FocalPoint GS Imaging System using SurePath slides (BD Diagnostics-TriPath, Burlington, NC) compared routine manual screening and quality control rescreening with computer-assisted, field-of-view screening and device-directed quality control rescreening. The results obtained in the 2 arms were compared with adjudicated reference diagnoses for each slide. Sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value were calculated for the detection of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and greater (ASC-US+), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and greater (LSIL+), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and greater (HSIL+) groups. We evaluated 12,313 slides. The detection sensitivities for HSIL+ were increased by 19.6% (P &lt; .0001) and for LSIL+ were increased by 9.8% (P &lt; .0001) in the computer-assisted arm, with small statistically significant decreases in specificity. For ASC-US+ sensitivity and specificity, the study arms were not statistically different. Use of this system might be expected to improve accuracy for clinically important entities without increasing equivocal case detection.
Safety of Concomitant Tamoxifen and Warfarin
Authors: Givens Carrie B , Bullock Laura N , Franks Andrea S 
Published: October 2009

Objective: To review the literature regarding the potential interaction between tamoxifen and warfarin. Data Sources: A search of MEDLINE from 1948 to August 20, 2009, was performed using the search terms tamoxifen, warfarin, drug interactions, and cytochrome P450 2C9. EMBASE was searched (1980–week 33, 2009), using the search terms tamoxifen and warfarin, for articles limited to use in humans and published in English, then further narrowed to drug interactions. Bibliographic review was conducted but did not reveal any additional references. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All sources evaluated were published in English and included original case reports, letters, and medical record or database reviews that described an interaction between warfarin and tamoxifen. Data Synthesis: Since tamoxifen therapy and cancer increase the risk of venous thromboembolism, warfarin may be prescribed to these patients. However, product information, primary literature, and tertiary literature describe concomitant use of tamoxifen and warfarin as a contraindication since this may increase the level of anticoagulation and the risk of bleeding complications. Although the exact mechanism of the interaction is unknown, one theory is that tamoxifen inhibits CYP2C9, which metabolizes the S-isomer of warfarin. Five publications were identified including 2 letters, 2 individual case reports, and 2 retrospective reviews (1 of the case reports was included in a medical record review). Collectively, these articles described a total of 31 patients taking warfarin and tamoxifen concomitantly, with 8 patients experiencing bleeding complications. Conclusions: Although concomitant use of warfarin and tamoxifen is deemed a contraindication, evidence regarding this potential interaction is limited. Therefore, safety of concomitant use of tamoxifen and warfarin may be similar to that of other drugs that interact with warfarin, requiring consistent and careful monitoring. However, more evidence is needed to warrant the routine use of this combination.
FAMILIAL CONGENITAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY WITH GONADAL DYSGENESIS
Authors: Bassee H. H. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
In the medical department, Hammerfest Hospital, seven individuals in one family were observed, suffering from cataract and generalized weakness in the striated musculature. Five of the patients were under ten years of age. The two eldest ones were sister and brother, 22 and 26 years of age, respectively. The woman could hardly walk even with support. She had clinical signs of ovarian agenesis, increased urinary excretion of gonadotrophic hormones, and high tolerance to insulin. The diagnosis was verified by laparotomy demonstrating thin, white, fibrous ovaries and infantile internal genitalia.
The brother could hardly walk, had fairly long extremities, cubitus valgus, and widely separated nipples. The pubic hair presented a feminine appearance and the testicles were infantile and soft. No increase in urinary gonadotrophic hormones were found. The amount of neutral 17-ketosteroids was low and the output of oestrogens increased in urine. The histological examination of testicular tissue showed a thick, fibrous capsule and scanty testicular canals with a few Sertolian cells. Most of the preparation, however, merely consisted of a hyaline substance. In the vascular stroma were seen large heaps of Leydig cells, similar to what is seen in Klinefelter's syndrome.
The ovarian agenesis may either have been caused by a virus infection during early embryonic life or be due to heredity. The latter suggestion is supported by the presentation of two sibs with ovarian agenesis and Klinefelter's syndrome.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON PREGNANEDIOL EXCRETION DURING THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Klopper A. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The changes in view on the significance and amount of urinary pregnanediol in the menstrual cycle are reviewed; in particular the effects of the discovery that the adrenals in both sexes normally contribute to the urinary pregnanediol. Pregnanediol excretion during the menstrual cycle was studied by means of a new method of assay (Klopper et al., 1955) and the results applied to present day concepts of the growth and duration of the corpus luteum. The relationship between pregnanediol excretion and ovulation or the onset of menstrual bleeding was studied. A new view is put forward on the influence of age and parity on the production of progesterone by the corpus luteum.
THE INFLUENCE OF ALLOXAN DIABETES, METHYLTHIOURACIL, CORTISONE AND ADRENALINE ON THE UTILIZATION OF GLUCOSE 14C AND L-CYSTINE 35S AND MITOTIC ACTIVITY BY HAIR FOLLICLES IN WHITE MICE
Authors: Davis B. K. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Autoradiographs of hair follicles 1, 3, 5 and 8 days after the induction of growth by plucking were prepared from mice injected with 15 μc glucose 14C 5.5 hours before autopsy. It was demonstrated that radioactivity increased principally in the »active« regions of the follicle, namely, the regions engaged in cell proliferation or keratin synthesis. The level of radioactivity in these regions of the follicle increased with maturation. Alloxan diabetes and cortisone induced a conspicuous depression of glucose 14C absorption during anagen (day-1, 3, 5 follicles) but these effects were markedly reduced in metagen (day-8 follicles). Adrenaline and methylthiouracil (MTU) had no effect on the absorption of glucose 14C at any of the stages of follicle activity observed. Mitotic counts in follicles from the same animals in which glucose 14C utilization was studied revealed that these endocrine states exerted similar effects on cell proliferation. Alloxan diabetes and cortisone strongly depressed mitotic activity during anagen, but had a relatively weak effect during metagen, in fact cortisone appeared slightly stimulative. Whilst adrenaline and MTU had no apparent influence. The radioactivity present in follicles representing 2, 4, 6 and 9-day stages of development was assessed by autoradiographic means from mice injected with 1 μc L-cystine 35S 24 hours before autopsy. L-cyst(e)ine 35S was absorbed in large quantities only in day-9 follicles, in which it accumulated mainly in the keratogenous zone. Absorption of L-cyst(e)ine 35S by metagen (day-9) follicles was unaffected by alloxan diabetes, cortisone, adrenaline and MTU.
ASSAY OF ANDROGENS ADMINISTERED BY INUNCTION TO THE CHICK'S COMB
Authors: Dorfman Ralph I. , Dorfman Adeline S. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Androgens dissolved in oil or absolute ethanol may be assayed by inunction to the chick's comb. In an oil solution, the sensitivity is of the order of 10 to 20 μg of testosterone per chick total dose, while absolute ethanol as a solvent permits the detection of about 1 to 2 μg of testosterone. The corn oil vehicle has the higher order of precision with a mean λ of 0.257 as compared to a λ of 0.305 for the absolute ethanol experiment.
When a corn oil vehicle was used, inunction of a 17C = O-Δ4-3C = O compound was more active than the corresponding 17β-OH steroids, but this was not so in the androstane (5α) series. 17α-Methyl compounds tended to be more active than the corresponding 17-desmethyl steroid. The introduction of an 11-oxygen function with or without a 9α-fluoro group severely decreased androgenic activity. Δ16-Dehydroprogesterone was reasonably androgenic in this test using the corn oil vehicle.
When absolute ethanol was used as the solvent, the 17C = O-Δ4-3-C = O compound was slightly more activie than the corresponding 17β-hydroxy steroid, 17α-methyl steroids were more active than the 17α-desmethyl steroids and an 11-oxygen function decreased the activity. Introduction of the 17α-ethyl group in 19-nortestosterone resulted in a compound 270% as active as testosterone, – an unexpected finding since this type of activity enhancement was not found when the 17α-ethyl group was added in the 19-nor-(5α)-dihydrotestosterone series or in Δ5-androstene-3β,17β-diol. Oxygen substitution at carbon 3 in the steroid molecule was not necessary for androgenic activity when the compound was inuncted on the comb in absolute alcohol.
The relationship between the androgenic activity of various compounds when administered by different routes, inunction, subcutaneous injection and by admixture with the food is discussed. No simple interrelationship could be described. However, in some instances it is quite possible that unusually low activities observed when the compounds were administered orally may have been due to poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Compounds in this category include dehydroepiandrosterone, Δ5-androstene-3β,17β-diol and epiandrosterone. All these compounds have a 3β-5α or Δ5-3β-OH grouping.
ZUM WIRKUNGSMECHANISMUS VON AN FETEN ANTIMASKULIN WIRKSAMEN GESTAGENEN
Authors: Junkmann K. , Neumann F. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Experiments are described dealing with the mechanism of action of 6-chloro-Δ6-1,2α-methylene-17α-hydroxyprogesterone-acetate with regard to its anti-masculine effect on male rat foetuses, when administered to pregnant rats.
It was shown that a marked direct anti-androgenic effect due to a competitive action on androgen receptors within the target organs, is probably the explanation of the mechanism of action. It was further shown that an oestrogenic effect or an appreciable inhibition of the pituitary gland respectively, can be ruled out as causative factors in the mechanism of action.
ON THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF PREGNANT MARE'S SERUM GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Morris C. J. O. R. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
The chromatographic behaviour of pregnant mare serum and of a purified preparation of the gonadotrophin from uterine endometrial cup secretion on the cross-linked dextran gel media Sephadex G-100 and G-200 has been examined, and is consistent with a molecular weight greater than the value of 28 000 usually accepted.
The sedimentation coefficient of an active preparation has been determined by sedimentation in a sucrose density gradient and serial bioassay. The value of 3.2 S for SW20 is consistent with current values.
The literature data are shown to be most consistent with a molecular weight of 68 000 for the hormone, and the mechanism of its chromatography on dextran gels is discussed.
EFFECT OF AUDIOGENIC STIMULATION ON GENITAL FUNCTION AND REPRODUCTION.
Authors: Zondek Bernhard , Tamari Isachar 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Auditory stimuli during the copulation period induce infertility and during gestation blockage of pregnancy. Male and female rats exposed to auditory stimuli for 9 days – prior to mating – become more or less sterile, the fertility decreases to 10-20 per cent, in comparison to 70-80 per cent in the controls. The deleterious effect is a reversible one. Auditory stimuli preceding copulation do not influence the sexual potency, nor do the females refuse the males. The spermatogenic process proceeds in an entirely normal fashion and in the ovaries no anatomical changes could be found to explain the infertility.
INCIDENCE AND RATE OF APPEARANCE AND DISAPPEARANCE OF ANTIGONADOTROPHIN IN THE BLOOD OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH PREGNANT MARES' SERUM GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Østergaard Erling 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Thirty-eight patients with amenorrhoea were treated with repeated series of injections of pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin + human chorionic gonadotrophin. Each course consisted of 5 injections of 1500 IU or 3000 IU of serum gonadotrophin, Antex®, followed by 3 injections of 1500 IU or 3000 IU of chorionic gonadotrophin, Physex®, If required, this treatment was repeated at a few months' intervals, in some cases up to 5 times. After each course, the blood was studied for the presence of antigonadotrophin to Antex. Blood specimens were drawn in all cases 21 days after the last injection of Antex. Antigonadotrophin was found to be present in one out of 15 patients after the 1st course, in 8 out of 20 after the 2nd course, in 13 of 16 after the 3rd, and in 6 of 6 patients after the 4th and 5th courses.
Progonadotrophic activity was demonstrated in the blood of 6 patients after the 1st course, in 4 after the 2nd course, and in one on the 10th day after the 3rd course.
In 6 cases blood samples were obtained also immediately before, during and immediately after the treatment. Three showed, during the 3rd, 4th and 5th course respectively, antigonadotrophin in the blood even before the last injection of Antex. These courses were ineffective, and no patient got menstrual bleeding as a result of the 4th or 5th course.
Some patients developed bleeding after the 3rd treatment, although antigonadotrophin was demonstrated in the blood on the 21st day. In these cases the antigonadotrophin presumably did not form until the injections of Antex had exerted their effect.
The antigonadotrophin occurring during these therapeutic courses inactivates only serum gonadotrophin and limits effective treatment by this gonadotrophin to about 4 weeks in continuous therapy and to 3 of the brief, intensive courses employed in the present series.
Apart from this, the formation of this antigonadotrophin did not have harmful consequences. It disappears from the blood within a period of a few months, occasionally up to about a year, and it does not prevent subsequent treatment with human pituitary gonadotrophin from being effective.
EFFECT OF CASTRATION AND TESTOSTERONE ON PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN GUINEA PIG TISSUE PREPARATIONS
Authors: Kochakian Charles D. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Castration and testosterone administration had no effect on the rate of incorporation of leucine-1-14C into the S 12 000 × g fraction of guinea pig kidneys. The protein biosynthetic activity of the homogenates of the seminal vesicles, however, was greatly and that of the prostate slightly reduced by castration. The administration of testosterone to castrated guinea pigs produced within four days a maximum increase in the rate of leucine incorporation of approximately 500 per cent in the seminal vesicles and about 80 per cent in the prostate. The maximum effect was maintained for at least 23 days under testosterone stimulation. Nine other amino acids gave responses which varied from equal to that of leucine-1-14C to no response. The effect of testosterone was evident in both the supernatant fraction and the sediment after centrifugation at 12 000 × g for 10 minutes of the seminal vesicle homogenate but only the supernatant fraction of the prostate. The reaction in both tissues of control and testosterone treated animals was almost completely dependent on ATP and a generating system. Omission of GTP from the reaction mixture produced only a partial decrease in the incorporating activity of both tissues but without an effect on the testosterone response. The addition of chloramphenicol to the enzyme system had no effect but puromycin almost completely inhibited the amino acid incorporating activity of the tissues of both castrated and androgen treated guinea pigs.
SPECTRAL RESOLUTION OF LOW-FREQUENCY, SMALL-AMPLITUDE RHYTHMS IN EXCRETED 17-KETOSTEROIDS; PROBABLE ANDROGEN-INDUCED CIRCASEPTAN DESYNCHRONIZATION
Authors: Halberg Franz , Engeli Max , Hamburger Christian , Hillman Dewayne 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
The 17-ketosteroid excretion of a healthy human male is characterized by rhythms with a frequency of one cycle in a) about one week; b) about twenty days (± 3 days); c) about one month, and d) about one year. The terms circaseptan, circavigintan, circatrigintan and circannual are considered as names for these rhythms with a low frequency and a small amplitude. These rhythms, among others, can be resolved as statistically significant components in the frequency domain by so-called least squares spectra, prepared by an electronic computer program. The rhythms then stand out above the general level of the spectrum, as components reproducible during an observation span of over 15 years. Certain displays of the amplitude and phase of a rhythm computed and plotted automatically by the electronic computer also are introduced and illustrated. These techniques quantify objectively the external and internal timing of a rhythm and/or changes of this timing.
The crest-time of the seven-day synchronized circaseptan rhythm in 17-ketosteroid excretion and a weekly crest in urine volume are displayed, on the one hand, in a polar amplitude-phase plot. On the other hand, these aspects of physiologic timing are also scrutinized as a function of time in plots on rectangular coordinates involving the fit of a precise frequency, established independently as a characteristic of the series analyzed.
For a span covering almost a decade, the circaseptan rhythm in 17-ketosteroid excretion is shown to be clearly synchronized with the seven-day cyclic alternation of professional and other activity of the (one) subject investigated. Moreover, in the face of a continuing precise seven-day routine of living, this circaseptan rhythm can be demonstrated to freerun thereafter during a three year span, presumably as a result of long continued frequent testosterone administration.
The computational methods used and, in particular, the displays here introduced are more broadly applicable, inter alia, in endocrinology, to the detection of rhythms and to the objective quantification of their parameters, including the internal and external timing.