bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibrin Network Pattern Changes of Platelet-rich Fibrin in Chronic Periodontitis Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Priya Swathi , Elangovan Gayathri Priyadharshini , Vivekanandan Gopinath , Saranya Settu , Surya Duraisamy , Elumalai Ahila 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been widely applied for periodontal regeneration due to its simplicity, autologous nature and economics. This study aims to evaluate the variations in the fibrin network patterns of the PRF clot, which was isolated from chronic periodontitis patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).

Materials and Methods:
This study included 90 participants undergoing periodontal treatment therapy. The patients were divided into three groups: Group A (n = 30), chronic periodontitis patients without Type 2 DM; Group B (n = 30), chronic periodontitis patients with Type 2 DM (haemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], 6.5%–6.9%) and Group C (n = 30), chronic periodontitis patients with Type 2 DM (HbA1c ≥ 7%). The clinical parameters and blood samples were collected, and PRF preparation was done. Histological slide analysis was done in the stained section of the PRF clot and examined for the presence of dense and loose fibrin network patterns with the entrapments of platelets.

Results:
There was a significant difference in the dense and loose fibrin framework between chronic periodontitis patients without type 2 DM, chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 DM of 6.5–6.9 HbA1c and chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 DM of >7 HbA1c.

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of this study, future studies are needed to find the clinical outcomes of various PRF preparations in diabetic patients and other systemic factors that influence the fibrin network pattern, so that better regenerative outcomes can be achieved in patients with systemic diseases.
Comparison of Practice and Knowledge on Endodontic Retreatment amongst the General Practitioners and Endodontists: A Survey
Authors: Prabha Chandra , Shetty Chitharanjan , Kaur Gurmeen , Saji Shalin Ann , Bajpe Sunheri , Shroff Rashi 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Endodontic retreatment differs from initial root canal treatment. Various factors govern the success of root canal treatment, and failure to achieve any of these may lead to the failure of the therapy. Retreatment decisions differ amongst general practitioners and specialists and are dependent on several factors including educational background, work experience, knowledge and economic resources. A survey was conducted to compare the practice and knowledge regarding endodontic retreatment cases amongst general practitioners and endodontists.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire was constructed with questions based on common practice and knowledge of endodontic retreatment and was distributed to general practitioners and endodontists through electronic means and personal mail. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The results showed that there was no statistical difference in the responses by general dentists and specialists (endodontists).

Conclusions:
Within the limitations of this survey, it can be concluded that both the general practitioners and specialists (endodontists) have adequate knowledge and follow similar protocols when treating retreatment cases with minor differences in their approach.
Scriptaid is a prospective agent for improving human asthenozoospermic sample quality and fertilization rate in vitro
Authors: Yang Yi-Ting , Yan Bin , Guo Li-Na , Liu Miao , Li Yu-Hua , Shao Zhi-Yu , Diao Hua , Liu Su-Ying , Yu He-Guo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Male infertility is a global issue caused by poor sperm quality, particularly motility. Enhancement of the sperm quality may improve the fertilization rate in assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. Scriptaid, with a novel human sperm motility-stimulating activity, has been investigated as a prospective agent for improving sperm quality and fertilization rate in ART. We evaluated the effects of Scriptaid on asthenozoospermic (AZS) semen, including its impact on motility stimulation and protective effects on cryopreservation and duration of motility, by computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA). Sperm quality improvement by Scriptaid was characterized by increased hyaluronan-binding activity, tyrosine phosphorylation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential, and an ameliorated AZS fertilization rate in clinical intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) experiments. Furthermore, our identification of active Scriptaid analogs and different metabolites induced by Scriptaid in spermatozoa lays a solid foundation for the future biomechanical exploration of sperm function. In summary, Scriptaid is a potential candidate for the treatment of male infertility in vitro as it improves sperm quality, prolongs sperm viability, and increases the fertilization rate.
A novel missense mutation of CCDC34 causes male infertility with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia in a consanguineous Pakistani family
Authors: Ahmad Nisar , Yang Meng-Lei , Zeb Aurang , Zhou Jian-Teng , Zubair Muhammad , Abbas Tanveer , Jiang Xiao-Hua , Zhang Yuan-Wei , Zhang Huan , Shah Wasim , Shi Qing-Hua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Male infertility is a worldwide health issue, affecting 8%–12% of the global population. Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) represents a severe type of male infertility, characterized by reduced sperm count and motility and an increased frequency of sperm with aberrant morphology. Using whole-exome sequencing, this study identified a novel missense mutation (c.848C>A, p.A283E) in the coiled-coil domain-containing 34 gene (CCDC34) in a consanguineous Pakistani family. This rare mutation was predicted to be deleterious and to affect the protein stability. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of spermatozoa from the patient with OAT revealed multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella and transmission electron microscopy indicated axonemal ultrastructural defects with a lack of outer dynein arms. These findings indicated that CCDC34 plays a role in maintaining the axonemal ultrastructure and the assembly or stability of the outer dynein arms, thus expanding the phenotypic spectrum of CCDC34 missense mutations.
Nitrate-Induced Headache Response in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Coronary Artery Ectasia: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Aksu Ekrem , Cuglan Bilal , Ozturk Selcuk , Eren Ali , Yalta Kenan , Turhan Hasan , Atmaca Hasan , Yetkin Ertan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Coronary artery ectasia (CAE), while being considered a variant of atherosclerosis, harbors distinct features that significantly differ from atherosclerosis in terms of pathophysiological mechanisms. On the other hand, headache appears to be the most common side effect of nitrates that have been used traditionally for decades. In this context, we aimed to compare the frequency and temporal characteristics of nitrate-induced headache (NIH) between subjects with sole coronary artery disease (CAD) and subjects with CAD and coexisting CAE.

Materials and Methods:
Two hundred and forty-four patients who had undergone coronary angiogram (CAG) and received a single dose of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate during the procedure comprised in this retrospective study population. CAG is performed in the indications due to guidelines. All patients who had undergone CAG were held under close supervision, at least, for 6 h following CAG (and administration of sublingual nitrate); duration and emergence time of NIH were recorded for all patients. Of these 244 patients, 225 patients having sole CAD were assigned to Group I, whereas 19 patients having both CAD and CAE were assigned to Group II.

Results:
NIH was observed in 19 out of 225 patients (8%) with sole CAD and in 9 out of 19 patients (56%) with CAD and CAE (P = 0.003). The mean interval between the administration of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate and NIH onset was significantly lower in Group II in comparison to Group I (44 ± 14 min vs. 87 ± 63 min, respectively, P = 0.018). However, the duration of NIH was comparable between the two groups (Group I: 203 ± 53 min vs. Group II: 173 ± 61 min, P = 0.24); logistic regression analysis revealed an independent association between NIH and CAE (odds ratio: 11.5, 95% confidential interval: 3.9–33.8, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
We have demonstrated that sublingual nitrates might induce NIH more frequently in subjects with CAE and CAD in comparison to those with sole CAD. Furthermore, NIH has been demonstrated to be independently associated with CAE.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Vitiligo Patients and its Relation to Vitiligo Severity – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bathina Navya , Ganni Sadhika , Kolalapudi Seetharam A. , Konala Subhashini , Dharavath Kalyan , Reddy Mandem T. K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
In vitiligo, there is a significant decrease in melanocytes and melanin. The decrease in melanin causes oxidative stress, with a chance of causing metabolic syndrome. Hence, there is a need to look for metabolic syndrome in vitiligo.

Aim and Objectives:
To estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in vitiligo patients and to evaluate the relationship between the severity and progression of vitiligo and metabolic syndrome.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 178 vitiligo cases and 178 controls who were age- and sex-matched. The type of vitiligo, stability by vitiligo disease activity score (VIDA), and severity by vitiligo area severity index (VASI) were noted. The waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting lipid profile, and fasting blood sugar were measured for cases and controls. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on Harmonization Asian criteria.

Results:
The mean age in cases was 34.38 years, and in controls, it was 35.67 years. The majority were females in both cases (52.2%) and controls (55.6%). Most have a VIDA score of 2+ (41.6%). The mean VASI score was 2.54. The percentage of metabolic syndrome was higher in cases (36%) compared to controls (24.2%) (P = 0.015). The mean age was lower in vitiligo cases with metabolic syndrome (38.83 years) compared to controls with metabolic syndrome (43.14 years). Metabolic syndrome was more frequent in the vitiligo vulgaris type (48.9%) than in acral and segmental vitiligo. Metabolic syndrome was more common in patients with high VIDA (45%) and VASI (52.3%) scores compared to patients with low VIDA (25%) and VASI (27.3%) scores.

Limitation:
It is a hospital-based study, so controls were not from the general population.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in vitiligo patients compared to controls, and it was higher in patients with active and severe disease. Screening and close monitoring of vitiligo patients help in the early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Phenotypes and endotypes in asthma-practical approach
Authors: Kathuria P.C. , Rai Manisha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Asthma is a complex heterogeneous inflammatory airway disorder. Inflammation is usually accompanied by an increase in airway smooth muscle mass, thickening of subepithelial lamina reticularis, matrix deposition in the airway walls, an increase in microvessels and neural networks, and mucus metaplasia. Clinical trials are going-on to evaluate the efficacy of biologicals or as an adjunct to allergen immunotherapy in high-T2 inflammation of allergic asthma. Management involves the titration of inhaled triple-drug therapy in a stepwise approach and to address the comorbidities. The targeted use of biological agents in severe diseases needs risk stratification of patients. We need further research on biomarkers and drivers of immune pathways in this era of changing global environment. This review will delve into personalized medicine strategies to treat asthma after phenotypic and endotypic characteristics.
Utility of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology in Diagnosis of Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Chikkannaiah Panduranga , Guruprasad Channaigaramaiah , Venkataramanappa Srinivasamurthy 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Abnormal shape, size, and consistency of the lymph node constitute lymphadenopathy. The etiology of lymphadenopathy varies from reactive to malignancy. It is the significant manifestation of local and systemic ailments specially an occult malignancy. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple, reliable initial diagnostic modality.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective study from January 2005 to December 2017. The lesions were classified into reactive lymphadenopathy, granulomatous lymphadenitis, necrotizing lymphadenitis, suppurative lymphadenitis, lymphoma, and metastatic lesions. Primary organ was identified in available cases of metastatic lesions. Cytological and histopathological correlation was done in available cases.

Results:
A total of 3676 cases were retrieved constituting 16% of total FNAC performed during the study, females outnumbered the male. Most of the cases were observed in the age of 21–30 years. Cervical lymph nodes were the common site of involvement (88.8%). Among the benign lesions, granulomatous (40%) was most common followed by reactive (39%). Metastatic lymphadenopathy (13%) was the most common malignant lesion. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common metastatic tumor followed by adenocarcinoma. The lung was the most common primary organ. FNAC is having high sensitivity and specificity for malignant lesions than the benign.

Conclusion:
FNAC is a rapid, initial diagnostic tool for lymphadenopathy. It is an effective tool to differentiate inflammatory, benign, and malignant lesions.
The Screening and Identification of Atypical Red Cell Antibodies by Simultaneous LISS/Coombs and NaCl/Enzyme Gel Methods Prior to Blood Transfusion
Authors: Agrawal Purvee , Bhake Arvind 
Published: June 2024

Background:
In this retrospective study, we measured the frequency of unexpected antibodies in the blood by Nacl/enzyme gel method or LISS/Coombs method and compared the result and frequency of identification in patients with a history of gestation or blood transfusion.

Aims and Objectives:
To detect unexpected/atypical red cell antibodies by simultaneous LISS/Coombs and NacL/enzyme gel methods prior to blood transfusion.

Materials and Methods:
Atypical antibody screening has done in all patients with the history of recurrent blood transfusion or history of gestation by commercially available red cell panel (ID–Dia panel, Diamed–ID Micro Typing System).

Results:
A total of 30 patients were screened for the presence of atypical antibody. Out of 30 patients, 1 (3.33%) patient showed the presence of alloantibody in the serum. The alloantibody identified was of anti-Lewis system.

Conclusion:
Screening for the presence of alloantibodies in patients is important to provide compatible blood and avoid adverse transfusion reactions.
A Study of Neurocognitive Dysfunction in HIV-Positive Patients in a Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Shivaswamy Rajendra Prasad , Ashok Aparajitha , Jayaram Subhash Chandra Ballekere , Thandure Varsha , Dowerah Jenee 
Published: June 2024

Context:
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is an ongoing problem among HIV-positive patients, irrespective of whether the patients are on antiretroviral treatment (ART) or not. ART has helped in halting the progression of the disease, but still, research needs to be done in reversing the disorder. Patients on ART are still known to have a mild neurocognitive disorder. The prevalence of HAND is estimated in approximately 40%–50% of all cases.

Aims:
(1) To determine the presence of neurocognitive dysfunction in HIV-positive patients. (2) To determine sociodemographic factors that influence this condition. (3) To determine the relationship between CD4 count and neurocognitive dysfunction.

Settings and Design:
The sampling technique was purposive sampling. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in a sample size of 162 among patients attending the outpatient department of medicine department using the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS).

Subjects and Methods:
IHDS has the maximum possible score of 12 points. A patient with a score of ≤10 should be evaluated further for possible dementia.

Statistical Analysis:
Data entry was done in an Excel sheet. Data analysis was done using SPSS.

Results:
It was found that of the 162 patients who participated in the study, 71% were found to be at risk for the neurocognitive disorder. The factors which had a significant association were age, education, spouse alive or not, and HIV status of the spouse.

Conclusion:
It was found that out that neurocognitive disorder is common in the ART era and also it can be detected by simple bedside tests.
Treatment-Seeking Behaviors of Families for under Five Children in Field Practice Area of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha
Authors: Ingole Abhishek , Yadav Sheela , Gotarkar Shashank , Choudhari Sonali 
Published: June 2024

Context:Globally, India had the largest population of under-five (127 million), and the greatest number of under five deaths (2.1 million) in 2006. Nearly about 2 million of cases of diarrhea occur annually in India. An average Indian child below 5 years of age can have 2–3 episodes of diarrhea. It contributes to nearly 2.1 million of the global burden of 9.7 million under five deaths, which is the highest for any nation in the world. The Millennium Development Goal 4 aimed at reducing under-five mortality by two-third till year 2015 which remained unachieved and sustainable development goal 3 aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages including under-five children by the year 2030. The health and treatment-seeking behavior of parents and caregivers has direct reflection over child survival statistics of India. The present study has been conducted to study the determinants of treatment-seeking behavior of families for illness of under-five children in the field practice area of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.Aims:A study on the treatment-seeking behaviors of families for illnesses of under-five children in field practice area of JNMC, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.Objectives:The objective of this study is to know the treatment-seeking behaviors of families for under-five children in rural areas.Materials and Methods:This study was carried out in the field practice area of community medicine JNMC, Sawangi Wardha, Maharashtra, India. The present study was carried out in the adopted villages from the field practice area of Wardha district by the JNMC. The present study was a community-based, cross-sectional study, and the study period was 6 months (i.e., from July 2019 to December 2019). The study participants comprised of the caregivers of children under-5 years of age and including mothers and other family members who were primarily responsible for attending the child's health. All children in the age group of 0 to 5 years from the study area were identified for the same (from Anganwadi's in the villages). The study participants, i.e., parents who were ready to participate in the study by signing the written consent were included in the study.Statistical Analysis Used:A predesigned and prestructured questionnaire was prepared and implemented for data collection.Results:The results showed that most of the under-five children were in the age group of 2–3 years. Most of the under-five children were having itching on skin followed by fever and diarrhea. Most of the parents took their under-five children to ANM's or the government hospital situated at their place.Conclusions:The present study concludes that treatment-seeking practices among parents for under-five children in the adopted villages of medical college are satisfactory in terms of qualified treatment provider and compliance to the treatment.
Study of Intrauterine Insemination with Hydrotubation in Women with Infertility
Authors: Srivastava Deepti , Shekhawat Harsha , Shelke Uttara 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Hydrotubation is the instillation of a solution of medicine through the cervix into the uterus and fallopian tubes under pressure into the peritoneal cavity. It has little value to test whether or not the tubes are blocked in the investigation of infertility and therapeutically to flush or clean the fallopian tubes.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty women with unexplained infertility were scheduled randomly for hydrotubation either with saline or low-dose lidocaine in saline. Hydrotubation was carried out 1 day before intrauterine insemination (IUI) in clomiphene citrate stimulated cycle. Outcome measures were rates of pregnancy, first trimester abortion, ectopic pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, and procedure-related pain.

Results:
There were higher clinical pregnancy rates in lidocaine group which had when compared with saline group but statistically no significant difference found.

Conclusion:
Hydrotubation with low-dose lidocaine in saline 1 day before IUI allowed a significant higher pregnancy rate when compared to saline alone in couples with unexplained infertility.
Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders among Medical Students of Wardha District
Authors: Shyamsukha Bhawna , Nimonkar Sharayu , Belkhode Vikram , Nimonkar Pranali , Pol Alok 
Published: June 2024

Context:
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) has reached a foremost role within the context of oral health care because of its high prevalence. Although its etiology cannot be exactly interpreted, it is considered to be multifactorial.

Aims:
The study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of TMD among Medical students with the help of Helkimo's index.

Settings and Design:
This study was based a cross-sectional in vivo study design.

Materials and Methods:
Hundred and ten students studying in medical college were evaluated with the help of the Helkimo's index. Anamnestic component of Helkimo was analyzed using the questionnaire and was scaled. Clinical dysfunction component of the Helkimo's index was clinical assessment and was scored.

Results:
Descriptive statistical analysis was done. The questionnaire answered showed sounds in the temporomandibular joint pain (TMJ) area by 89%, jaw rigidity by 8%, fatigue of the jaw by 2%, and pain in TMJ by 23%. On clinical examination, 17% had mild difficulty in mouth opening, 11% showed mild mandibular deviation, 69% showed clicking sound in TMJ, 18% had mild pain in the TMJ region, and only 8% had muscle pain on palpation.

Conclusion:
Signs and symptoms of TMD to a varied extent were present among Medical students. Although prevalence was high, the severity was mild. Initial diagnosis may decrease the worsening of the condition in them.