bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Body Mechanics Instruction on Work Performance
Authors: Carlton Richard S. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Thirty food service workers were randomly assigned to two groups; one group received body mechanics instruction while the other did not. The application of the instruction was measured by evaluating the subjects’ use of body mechanics on a novel lifting and lowering task and during performance on the job. Results indicated that the group which received instruction performed significantly better on the novel task than the group that received no instruction. However, no significant difference between groups was found in performance in the work environment. The role of the occupational therapist in a work-related safety program is also discussed.
Using Technology to Control the Environment
Authors: Dickey Ruth , Shealey Susanne H. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Over the last 5 years, technological advances have resulted in specialized technical aids, such as electronic communication devices, computer input devices, and environmental control systems, which have made it possible for many persons who are severely physically disabled to enjoy greater functional independence within the home, school, workplace, and the community. This paper focuses on environmental control systems and discusses how occupational therapists match environmental control systems with clients’ needs.
The Management of Work-Related Back Pain
Authors: Caruso Lynn A. , Chan Diedre E. , Chan Adrian 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper describes the Spinal Treatment Program at Columbia Hospital in Milwaukee. The primary goal of the program is to efficiently return the employee with a work-related back injury to the work setting. The two-phase program has been developed to provide treatment of acute injury, patient education, work hardening, and an assessment of the patient’s ability to perform job tasks. Preliminary evaluative data are presented for patients treated from 1982 to 1984. The patient’s discharge status (returned or did not return to work) was examined as a function of sex, age, educational level, employment category, duration of pain, or worker’s compensation status. Results indicated that discharge status was significantly related to sex, employment category, duration of pain, and worker’s compensation status.
Effects of Splinting in the Treatment of Hand Contractures in Progressive Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Seeger Melinda W. , Furst Daniel E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
One of the major factors in the decreasing functional ability of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis is involvement of the patient’s hands with secondary immobility and contractures. In a 2-month study of 19 patients, we assessed whether dynamic splinting could decrease proximal interphalangeal (PIP) flexion contractures. Of the eight patients who completed the study, one experienced a statistically significant improvement in PIP range of motion as a result of the splinting. There was no evidence that the use of the splints served to maintain PIP extension when compared with the control hand.
Affective Responses to Keeping and Not Keeping an Activity Product
Authors: Rocker Janice Dale , Nelson David L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study examined whether keeping or not keeping the products of a craft activity influences affective meaning and mood. Four groups of undergraduate (n = 23) and graduate (n = 20) students created block-printed stationery. Two groups were allowed to keep their stationery, and two groups were not. The measure of mood changes was the Bipolar Profile of Mood States, which subjects completed before and after the activity. After the activity, subjects also completed the Osgood 12-scale short-form semantic differential, which measured the affective meanings of the activity. Data analysis revealed significant differences between conditions on two out of nine variables. The subjects who could not keep their products became significantly more hostile and significantly more energetic than the subjects who kept their stationery. Implications for occupational therapy theory and further research possibilities are discussed.
Tendon Gliding Exercises
Authors: Wehbé Marwan A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
An exercise program for tendon gliding is introduced for use in hand treatment and rehabilitation. The program incorporates thumb range of motion and three basic fist positions: hook, fist, and straight fist. The anatomic and experimental basis of this program is discussed. The exercises allow the flexor tendons to glide to their maximum potential and can greatly facilitate therapeutic activities when incorporated in a comprehensive program of occupational and hand therapy.
Disabled and Nondisabled Infants’ Interactions With Their Mothers
Authors: Barrera Maria E. , Vella Dianne M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This study investigated social interactions between infants and mothers, comparing dyads with physically disabled infants and dyads with nondisabled infants. The groups were matched on mental and motor development, sex, socioeconomic status, birth order, and maternal education. Each infant–mother dyad was videotaped at home during a 10minute period of free play, and blind observers subsequently transcribed infants’ and mothers’ behaviors. In general, the groups were remarkably similar in their interaction patterns. However, a few differences emerged: Mothers of infants with physical disabilities were significantly more commanding than were comparison mothers. Nondisabled infants tended to engage in more eye contact than did infants with physical disabilities. And whereas mothers of nondisabled infants responded to interactive play with interactive play, mothers of infants with physical handicaps tended to respond with commands and verbalizations. These results suggest reciprocal influences between infants and mothers in both groups and highlight emerging maternal behavior patterns that may interfere with the development of communication and independence in handicapped young children.
Wheelchair Accessibility of Public Buildings in Utica, New York
Authors: Martin Linda M. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This survey reviewed 13 public buildings for accessibility to wheelchair-bound consumers in Utica, New York. Buildings were both private and government supported. The scale used was based on the 1971 specifications of the American National Standards Institute. Buildings surveyed represented those built before and after enactment of the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968 and were subject to various regulations or no regulations concerning accessibility. Results revealed a trend of improved accessibility in both privately and publicly supported facilities, with the most accessible buildings having been built since 1980. No facility was found to be 100% in compliance with standards.
Developing a Role Activity Performance Scale
Authors: Good-Ellis Marcie A. , Fine Susan B. , Spencer James H. , DiVittis Anthony 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article describes the Role Activity Performance Scale (RAPS) and presents data from a study of its reliability and validity. The RAPS evaluates an individual’s functional level, using 12 subscales that represent a range of life roles. It was developed as an instrument for evaluating the impact of occupational therapy and other treatment modalities on the functioning of psychiatric patients. It is also useful in the diagnostic, treatment, and discharge planning processes. Validity and interrater reliability testing involved a sample of 30 patients in two major diagnostic groups. Interrater correlations for subscales and total scores were above .80 and statistically significant. A comparison of the RAPS with other accepted psychosocial rating scales showed strong correlations in scores. The psychometric evidence from this preliminary study supports the continued development and use of the RAPS for both clinical and research purposes.
Continued Construct Validation of the St. Marys CVA Evaluation: Bilateral Awareness Scale
Authors: Van Deusen Julia , Harlowe Diane 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Previous research suggested that scores on the Schenkenberg Line Bisection Test of unilateral neglect should correlate significantly with bilateral awareness ratings on the St. Marys CVA Evaluation, but that scores on both of these instruments should not correlate with St. Marys perceptual scores. To test this hypothesis, occupational therapists at St. Marys Hospital Medical Center administered the Schenkenberg test and St. Marys CVA Evaluation to 26 cerebral vascular accident (CVA) patients. Spearman rho coefficients were computed.
As hypothesized, the correlation between the Schenkenberg test scores and St. Marys bilateral awareness ratings reached statistical significance, and no significant relationship was found between Schenkenberg scores and St. Marys perceptual scores. However, there was a significant relationship between the St. Marys bilateral awareness ratings and perceptual scores. This result may indicate that clinical observations are not adequate to discriminate between unilateral neglect and perceptual impairments.
The results further the construct validation process of the St. Marys CVA Evaluation. The data also support the position that unilateral neglect is not primarily a perceptual phenomenon.
A Cost Analysis and Management Reporting System in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Logigian Martha K. , Trisolini Michael G. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Productivity management through cost analysis is fundamental in today’s health care. A description of a cost analysis and management reporting system based on relative value units is presented in this article along with a practical method of identifying variable, fixed, and total costs for occupational therapy. Occupational therapy management participation in the cost analysis process is also discussed.
The 3-Hour Therapy Criterion: A Challenge for Rehabilitation Facilities
Authors: Intagliata Sharon , Hollander Russell 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Rehabilitation hospitals and units must meet certain requirements to be reimbursed by Medicare. Section 211 of the Medicare Hospital Manual specifies that at least 3 hours a day of physical and/or occupational therapy must be provided to each patient in addition to other required therapies and services. This article discusses the political and professional context surrounding the implementation of these guidelines and some of the practical issues that managers must address in the process. A case report is used to illustrate the management strategies and specific methods that have been implemented in the Occupational Therapy Department at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago in response to the 3-hour criterion. Data are presented to indicate how these efforts have contributed to raising our level of compliance with the criterion during the 1985–1986 fiscal year. The compliance data are discussed in relation to variation in both the number of patients and staff productivity over the course of the year.
An Occupational Therapy Program for Adults With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Neistadt Maureen E. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This paper describes an occupational therapy independent living skills program for adults with developmental disabilities living in group homes. Four clients have participated in this program for 1 year. Verbal reports from house and workshop staffs and written documentation in the clients’ records were examined to see if the clients’ behaviors changed over the course of their first year in the program. These reports indicate that the clients have moved toward increased independence by showing greater initiative in directing their own care. Treatment issues in group home systems are also discussed.
Occupational Therapy in Mental Health: Crisis or Opportunity?
Authors: Bonder Bette R. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
For at least a decade, concern has been expressed about the status of occupational therapy in mental health. Increases in the number of new jobs and clinicians have not kept pace with growth in other practice areas. Although growing criticism of the practice of deinstitutionalization and an increased focus on cost-effectiveness have recently become major public policy trends in mental health practice, the psychological and nursing professions have responded creatively in order to expand their influence and practice. This paper relates changes in the delivery of mental health services to the systematic study of policy development and careful planning needed to help occupational therapy accomplish the same goals.
Comparing Ways of Measuring Constructional Praxis in the Well Elderly
Authors: Fall Cathryn Cady 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore ways of testing three-dimensional constructional praxis in the independently living well elderly. The testing instruments used were adaptations of the block construction portion of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, the block construction portion of the Hemiplegic Evaluation, and the Three-Dimensional Constructional Praxis Test. For each instrument, three types of test administration were developed: models, photographs, and drawings of block constructions. Twenty-four subjects, all more than 70 years old, were tested individually with the 3 three-dimensional constructional praxis tests on the three types of test administration. The effect of order was controlled by counterbalancing. For all three tests, administration with models resulted in the highest performance scores. Although no difference in scores existed between photographs and drawings on the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination and the Three-Dimensional Constructional Praxis Test, performance scores for photographs were significantly greater than scores for drawings on the Hemiplegic Evaluation. Since constructional praxis ability is an important component of many activities of daily living, the findings have strong implications for testing and for teaching new skills to both the well elderly and those disabled by neurological disorders.
Validating a Test of Functional Performance With Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Thibeault Rachel , Blackmer Elizabeth 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The primary purpose of the study was to contribute to the validation of a recently developed test of functional abilities, the Bay area Functional Performance Evaluation (BaFPE). On the premise that aspects of intelligence influence functional performance, three subscales of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) were administered, in conjunction with the BaFPE task-oriented assessment (TOA), to a sample of 60 psychiatric inpatients with diagnosed depression or schizophrenia. The three subscales (picture completion, block design, and digit symbol) correlated significantly with the TOA, thus supporting its validity.
A second goal was to determine what variables were predictors of functional performance. Age and history of electroconvulsive treatments were negatively associated with the TOA, and level of education was positively associated with it. Variables not associated with the TOA were diagnosis, gender, amount of medication, type of medication, number of admissions, and total time spent in a hospital in the past 2 years. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
Major Themes in Occupational Therapy: A Content Analysis of the Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lectures, 1955–1985
Authors: DeBeer Francia 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article presents a content analysis of 26 Slagle lectures, representing 30 years. Lectures were analyzed for primary, secondary, and tertiary themes, and eight recurrent themes were identified: practice, professionalism, education, philosophy/ideology, theory, research, marketing, and history. Implications of these findings for role definition and professional status are addressed.
Perceptions of the Purpose of Level I Fieldwork
Authors: Kautzmann Lisette N. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of the purpose of Level I fieldwork. Academic faculty members, fieldwork supervisors, and students were asked to rank their 10 most valued choices from a list of proposed objectives. Responses were tabulated by frequency, summed, and analyzed.
The results show that objectives from the category of student involvement in the occupational therapy treatment process were ranked most frequently and that objectives associated with understanding the clinical program and facility were ranked the least often. Statistically significant differences between academic and fieldwork educators were identified on two items: (a) “Receive feedback on beginning strengths and weaknesses in professional behavior” and (b) “Opportunity to develop a treatment plan.” Both academic and fieldwork educators differed significantly with students on six items: (a) “Develop an awareness of the patient as a whole person,” (b) “Develop a beginning awareness of patterns of practice in occupational therapy delivery systems.” (c) “Participate in supervisor/supervisee relationship and experience working out communication and personality differences,” (d) “Introduction to evaluation and treatment techniques,” and (e) “Opportunity to develop a treatment plan.” By clarifying the perceptions of the academic faculty, the fieldwork supervisors, and the students, Level I fieldwork will be strengthened and improved.
The Reliability and Validity of a Sensory Developmental Expectation Questionnaire for Mothers of Newborns
Authors: Parush Shula , Clark Florence 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to construct and conduct preliminary reliability and validity studies on a questionnaire designed to measure a mother’s ability to provide an adequate sensory environment for her newborn child. The questionnaire was conceptualized as an extension and application of sensory integrative theory into the domain of maternal role preparation. The instrument assessed (a) a mother’s knowledge of the sensory capacity of the newborn and (b) a mother’s perception of her ability to influence the development of her child. The subjects were 55 primaparas of newborn infants who responded to the questionnaire within 3 days postpartum. The findings demonstrated that the questionnaire measured the two traits reliably. Additionally they indicated that knowledge of the sensory capacity of the newborn correlated positively with perceived influence on development. Maternal age did not correlate with the mothers’ knowledge of the sensory capacity of the child, but did correlate with perceived influence of mothers on development. Educational level of the respondent correlated with scores on both subscales. With further research, it is foreseen that this questionnaire may be used by occupational therapists as a part of a screening interview for identifying mothers who may be at risk for failure to provide adequate sensory experiences for their children.
Pediatric Occupational Therapy in the Home
Authors: Hinojosa Jim , Anderson Jill , Strauch Carrie 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
This article discusses the challenges and implications for pediatric practice in the home. Pediatric occupational therapists are moving the treatment setting from the clinic to the home. Working within the home environment requires occupational therapists to adapt their roles, functions, and treatment styles. Intervention frequently involves practical and relevant treatment, using activities and objects from the child’s world. Thus, functional goals may be more realistically achieved in the child’s living environment. Involvement with family members also offers opportunities to develop collaborative relationships with parents and, therefore, to integrate the intervention program into the child’s home life.
Planning Playgrounds for Children With Disabilities
Authors: Stout Janet 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Occupational therapists are well qualified for involvement in playground planning. They know how to eliminate architectural barriers, adapt equipment to maximize independence and functional levels, and use play in facilitating children’s development. By participating in playground planning or adaption, the occupational therapist can present play opportunities for children with disabilities, increase public awareness of occupational therapy, and extend the use of treatment modalities. This paper makes specific suggestions for planning and building to make the idea for a playground a realistic goal. A case example illustrates the planning of a playground in a hospital setting.
Functional Skill Regression in Late-Stage Dementias
Authors: Nolen Ninette R. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
One hundred fifty-two institutionalized persons with late-stage dementia were rated with a geriatric developmental screening scale that notes cognitive, language, sensorimotor, and self-care abilities. The results showed that the loss of functional abilities in late-stage dementias seems to occur in reverse order of their development in childhood. Developmental congruence was noted within these persons regardless of diagnosis. In addition, the average functional age rating correlated well with scores from the Folstein Mini Mental State examination (MMS) (Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975). The close correlation between scores indicates that the MMS is a fast and simple tool for predicting not only cognitive impairment but also the approximate stage of functional development.
Special Education and Occupational Therapy: Making the Relationship Work
Authors: Coutinho Martha J. , Hunter Dawn L. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Working as an occupational therapist in publicly funded schools requires a variety of skills. These skills include assessing the needs of children, serving as a member of the multidisciplinary team, developing individualized education program (IEP) goals and objectives in conjunction with other team members, providing services, and coordinating efforts with parents, teachers, and administrators. To fulfill these responsibilities, occupational therapists must have a comprehensive understanding of the complex federal and state laws that mandate the provision of special education and related services. Therefore, the purposes of this article are (a) to describe the legal framework within which decisions are made to provide occupational therapy to students in publicly funded school programs and (b) to highlight the knowledge and skills occupational therapists need to work effectively in schools with teachers, administrators, and parents.
The Changing Environment of Early Intervention Services: Implications for Practice
Authors: Hanft Barbara 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A new plan for providing early intervention services for very young children and their families has been established with Part H of the Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1986, Public Law 99-457. Each state is currently exploring how it can best develop one comprehensive system of care that combines health, education, social, and family services.
Health practitioners have traditionally provided early intervention services in medical settings such as hospitals and local health departments since the early 1900s. Educators, prompted by federal legislation, have provided early intervention services in the public schools primarily since 1975. Occupational therapy practitioners work in both medical and educational settings and must now meet the numerous challenges and opportunities in developing comprehensive, family-centered, community-based care for very young children with special needs. This paper traces the historical development of early intervention services and discusses the major practice issues associated with implementing Part H of the Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1986.