bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ror‐family receptor tyrosine kinases in noncanonical Wnt signaling: Their implications in developmental morphogenesis and human diseases
Authors: Minami Yasuhiro , Oishi Isao , Endo Mitsuharu , Nishita Michiru 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Ror‐family receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play crucial roles in the development of various organs and tissues. In mammals, Ror2, a member of the Ror‐family RTKs, has been shown to act as a receptor or coreceptor for Wnt5a to mediate noncanonical Wnt signaling. Ror2‐ and Wnt5a‐deficient mice exhibit similar abnormalities during developmental morphogenesis, reflecting their defects in convergent extension movements and planar cell polarity, characteristic features mediated by noncanonical Wnt signaling. Furthermore, mutations within the human Ror2 gene are responsible for the genetic skeletal disorders dominant brachydactyly type B and recessive Robinow syndrome. Accumulating evidence demonstrate that Ror2 mediates noncanonical Wnt5a signaling by inhibiting the β‐catenin‐TCF pathway and activating the Wnt/JNK pathway that results in polarized cell migration. In this article, we review recent progress in understanding the roles of noncanonical Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling in developmental morphogenesis and in human diseases, including heritable skeletal disorders and tumor invasion. Developmental Dynamics 239:1–15, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of Wnt signaling in the biology of the periodontium
Authors: Rooker Scott M. , Liu Bo , Helms Jill A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractContinuously erupting teeth have associated with them a continuously regenerating periodontal ligament, but the factors that control this amazing regenerative potential are unknown. We used genetic strategies to show that the periodontal ligament arises from the cranial neural crest. Despite their histological similarity, the periodontal ligament of continuously erupting incisor teeth differs dramatically from the periodontal ligament of molar teeth. The most notable difference was in the distribution of Wnt responsive cells in the incisor periodontal ligament, which coincided with regions of periodontal ligament cell proliferation. We discuss these findings in the context of dental tissue regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 239:140–147, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insulation resistance under DC stress and electrification characteristics of GIS epoxy insulator
Authors: Kaneko Shuhei , Okabe Shigemitsu , Kobayashi Takayuki , Nojima Kenichi , Takei Masafumi , Miyamoto Taketoshi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractGas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) has widely been used for AC power distribution because of its high reliability and compactness. Recently, DC GIS has been developed with various investigations for dielectric breakdown characteristics of DC gas insulation. GIS insulation is composed of SF6 gas and solid spacers, and it has been recognized that the dielectric performance of DC GIS is mainly influenced by solid spacers. Under DC stress, the electric field is directed one way, the effect of electrification for charges to be accumulated in the spacer must be taken into account and also the effect exists in AC GIS because the switching operations may leave the remnant DC charge on the AC GIS spacer. This paper first describes the effective resistivity (the bulk or the surface) of the solid spacer under the DC stress from the experimental investigation, and the critical factor on the solid spacer that causes reduced dielectric performance of the GIS insulation is studied. Second, the present paper deals with the electrification on the GIS with various levels of surface roughness of the epoxy insulator and metallic electrode. Finally, the DC insulation characteristics of GIS insulator are investigated based on the experimental results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(4): 6–13, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20788
Development of a novel commutation method that sharply reduces commutation failure of matrix converters
Authors: Kato Koji , Itoh Jun‐Ichi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes the safest novel commutation method for a matrix converter. There are two conventional commutation methods which depend on the polarity of the input line voltage (it is called “voltage commutation”) and depend on the polarity of the output current (it is called “current commutation”). However, problem of the voltage commutation is that commutation failure occurs around zero of the input line voltage. It is difficult to detect its polarity due to depending on offset and delay of the sensor. Similarly, the current commutation failure occurs around zero of the load current. A cause of these detection errors are a detection delay and an offset of a sensor. The proposed commutation method combines the input voltage commutation and the load current commutation. Therefore, the proposed commutation method can decrease the commutation failure without high accuracy sensor. In addition, a voltage error compensation based on the proposed commutation method is proposed in this paper. The proposed method can simply compensate for the commutation error of the output voltage and the input current at the same time.The effects of the proposed method are confirmed by experimental results with a 750 W induction motor and a R‐L load. Those results confirm that the proposed commutation can decrease commutation failure. Moreover, the total harmonics distortion of the input current and the output current are 2.6 point and 0.9 point lower than that of the condition without the compensation at 100% output power. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(4): 49–57, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20826
A novel control strategy for matrix converters in the overmodulation range
Authors: Tamai Yasuhiro , Sato Ikuya , Odaka Akihiro , Mine Hironori , Itoh Jun‐Ichi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a control strategy for matrix converters to reduce the torque ripple in the overmodulation range. In the overmodulation range, motor drive performance of matrix converters is deteriorated because of the output voltage saturation. In particular, the torque ripple which has lower frequency components than the input voltage frequency is remarkable. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the causes of the torque ripple and the effect of the proposed control strategy. Experimental examinations including performance comparison with a trapezoidal wave modulation are carried out using a 400‐V, 22‐kW experimental system. The experimental results verify the validity of the theoretical analysis and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for reducing the torque ripple. Furthermore, the harmonic distortion of the output current is also reduced compared with the trapezoidal wave modulation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(4): 40–48, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20829
Experience‐based teaching materials of logic circuits for beginners
Authors: Miyagoshi Takashi , Okino Koji , Tajima Masato 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAt an open campus, it is necessary to prepare intuitive experience‐based teaching materials for high school students without technical knowledge. In this teaching material, which is based on an algorithm derived from the MA method (i.e., the method of Ref. 1), the students can sequentially experience the following functions using X‐Windows under UNIX: multilevel NAND circuit generation, simplification of the initially constructed circuit, proper rearrangement of circuit elements, verification of the resulting circuit, time chart display, etc. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 168(4): 1–5, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20860
Recurrent chromosomal rearrangements implicate oncogenes contributing to T‐cell lymphomagenesis in Lck‐MyrAkt2 transgenic mice
Authors: Timakhov Roman A. , Tan Yinfei , Rao Mamta , Liu Zemin , Altomare Deborah A. , Pei Jianming , Wiest David L. , Favorova Olga O. , Knepper Janice E. , Testa Joseph R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe oncogene v‐akt was isolated from a retrovirus that induced naturally occurring thymic lymphomas in AKR mice. We hypothesized that constitutive activation of Akt2 could serve as a first hit for the clonal expansion of malignant T‐cells by promoting cell survival and genomic instability, leading to chromosome alterations. Furthermore, genes that cooperate with Akt2 to promote malignant transformation may reside at translocation/inversion junctions found in spontaneous thymic lymphomas from transgenic mice expressing constitutively active Akt2 specifically in T cells. Cytogenetic analysis revealed that thymic tumors from multiple founder lines exhibited either of two recurrent chromosomal rearrangements, inv(6)(A2B1) or t(14;15)(C2;D1). Fluorescence in situ hybridization, array CGH, and PCR analysis were used to delineate the inv(6) and t(14;15) breakpoints. Both rearrangements involved T‐cell receptor loci. The inv(6) results in robust upregulation of the homeobox/transcription factor gene Dlx5 because of its relocation near the Tcrb enhancer. The t(14;15) places the Tcra enhancer in the vicinity of the Myc proto‐oncogene, resulting in upregulated Myc expression. These findings suggest that activation of the Akt pathway can act as the initial hit to promote cell survival and genomic instability, whereas the acquisition of T‐cell‐specific overexpression of Dlx5 or Myc leads to lymphomagenesis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and cytogenetic features of a population‐based consecutive series of 285 pediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias: Rare T‐cell receptor gene rearrangements are associated with poor outcome
Authors: Karrman Kristina , Forestier Erik , Heyman Mats , Andersen Mette K. , Autio Kirsi , Blennow Elisabeth , Borgström Georg , Ehrencrona Hans , Golovleva Irina , Heim Sverre , Heinonen Kristiina , Hovland Randi , Johannsson Johann H. , Kerndrup Gitte , Nordgren Ann , Palmqvist Lars , Johansson Bertil 
Published: June 2009

AbstractClinical characteristics and cytogenetic aberrations were ascertained and reviewed in a population‐based consecutive series of 285 pediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T‐ALLs) diagnosed between 1992 and 2006 in the Nordic countries. Informative karyotypic results were obtained in 249 (87%) cases, of which 119 (48%) were cytogenetically abnormal. Most (62%) of the aberrant T‐ALLs were pseudodiploid. Structural changes were more common than numerical ones; 86% displayed at least one structural abnormality and 41% at least one numerical anomaly. The most frequent abnormalities were T‐cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements (20%) [TCR;11p13 (10%), TCR;10q24 (3%), TCR;other (8%)], del(9p) (17%), +8 (14%), del(6q) (12%), and 11q23 rearrangements (6%). The TCR;other group comprised the rare rearrangements t(X;14)(p11;q11), t(X;7)(q22;q34), t(1;14)(p32;q11), ins(14;5)(q11;q?q?), inv(7)(p15q34), t(8;14)(q24;q11), t(7;11)(q34;p15), and t(12;14)(p13;q11). The clinical characteristics of this Nordic patient cohort agreed well with previous larger series, with a median age of 9.0 years, male predominance (male/female ratio 3.1), median white blood cell (WBC) count of 66.5 × 109/l, and a high incidence of mediastinal mass and central nervous system involvement (59% and 9.5%, respectively). These features did not differ significantly among the various genetic subgroups. 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival for all patients were 0.61 (±0.03) and 0.67 (±0.03), respectively. In a multivariate analysis, two factors affected negatively the EFS, namely a WBC count of ≥200 × 109/l (P < 0.001) and the presence of rare TCR rearrangements (P = 0.001). In conclusion, in this large series of childhood T‐ALLs from the Nordic countries, the cytogenetic findings were not associated with risk of therapy failure with the exception of the TCR;other group. However, further prospective and collaborative investigations of this genetically heterogeneous entity are needed to confirm these results. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rearrangements of the MLL gene are influenced by DNA secondary structure, potentially mediated by topoisomerase II binding
Authors: Le Hongan , Singh Sheetal , Shih Shyh‐Jen , Du Nga , Schnyder Sabine , Loredo Grace A. , Bien Christine , Michaelis Laura , Toor Amir , Diaz Manuel O. , Vaughan Andrew T. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe location of MLL translocation breakpoints within therapy‐related acute myeloid leukemia linked to drugs targeting Topoisomerase II and infant acute leukemia (IAL) are biased toward the intron 11–exon 12 region of MLL, although lacking a comprehensive explanation. To address this, blood samples were taken from breast cancer and lymphoma patients receiving Topoisomerase II inhibitor therapy. Inverse PCR analysis was used to interrogate the exon 12 region of MLL for rearrangements. Eleven of 19 observed translocations showed breakpoint junctions restricted to a single 5 bp location within exon 12. A similarly restricted distribution (11/20 breakpoint junctions) was observed in TK6 cells exposed to either estrogen (linked to IAL) or anti‐CD95 antibody. The translocation hotspot was at the 5′ edge of a 10‐bp tract matched with a perfect palindrome, 101 bp distant. A high stringency Topoisomerase II consensus sequence binding site was noted at the geometric midpoint of the palindromes. Ligation‐mediated PCR to screen TK6 cells exposed to anti‐CD95 antibody showed 14/37 (38%) of DNA breaks adjacent to the 5′ palindrome and 10/37 (27%) at the 3′ partner. We propose a model whereby Topoisomerase II facilitates the organization of nuclease‐sensitive secondary structures, stabilized by palindrome association, which are prone to rearrangement. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
WNT/β‐catenin pathway activation in Wilms tumors: A unifying mechanism with multiple entries?
Authors: Corbin Marie , de Reyniès Aurélien , Rickman David S. , Berrebi Dominique , Boccon‐Gibod Liliane , Cohen‐Gogo Sarah , Fabre Monique , Jaubert Francis , Faussillon Marine , Yilmaz Funda , Sarnacki Sabine , Landman‐Parker Judith , Patte Catherine , Schleiermacher Gudrun , Antignac Corinne , Jeanpierre Cécile 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBased on characterization of both genomic and expression status of WT1 and CTNNB1 (β‐catenin) in a series of 60 Wilms tumor samples, combined with genome‐wide expression profiling of these tumors, normal mature and fetal kidney controls, we show that WT1/β‐catenin expression was a better classifier than WT1/CTNNB1 mutations. We present molecular data supporting that the WNT pathway is involved in both tumor classes, with and without WT1/β‐catenin alterations. In the tumor class with WT1/β‐catenin alterations, we identified overexpression of 14 previously unreported WNT target genes, including TWIST1. We show that the TWIST1 protein was specifically expressed in these tumors, where staining was restricted to the stromal, nuclear β‐catenin positive, component. By comparing the state of the WNT pathway in tumors without WT1/β‐catenin alterations and fetal kidneys we provide evidence that suggests that these tumors have a heightened level of pathway activation. We characterized mutations of the WNT pathway regulator gene WTX in 16% of this tumor class. Moreover, genome‐transcriptome correlation analysis allowed us to identify three other WNT pathway regulator genes that could participate in the activation of the WNT pathway: BCL9 (1p36.2), CTNNBIP1 (1p36.2), and CBY1 (22q13.1). These genes thus represent new potential important actors in WT tumorigenesis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA hypermethylation accompanied by transcriptional repression in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Bennett Lynda B. , Schnabel Jennifer L. , Kelchen Jean M. , Taylor Kristen H. , Guo Juyuan , Arthur Gerald L. , Papageorgio Christos N. , Shi Huidong , Caldwell Charles W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHigh‐throughput microarray technologies were used to study DNA methylation accompanied by transcriptional changes in follicular lymphoma (FL). Using Methylated CpG Island Amplification with Microarrays to study CpG Island DNA methylation in FL, we discovered widespread hypermethylation of homeobox genes and previously identified targets of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) in cell lines and primary tumors, but not in benign follicular hyperplasia (BFH). DNA methylation for HOXA11, HOXD10, HOXB7, HOXC12, PAX6, LHX9, SFMBT2, EN2, and PAX7 was independently validated in the RL cell line and HOXA11, HOXD10, PAX6, and EN2 in primary tumors. Combined Bisulfite Restriction Analysis (COBRA) also established DNA methylation for the previously identified PRC2 targets DCC, DES, GAD2, AQP5, GPR61, GRIA4, GJD2, and AMPH in FL but not in BFH. Gene expression analyses revealed 411 genes that were hypermethylated and transcriptionally repressed in RL, 74% of which were reactivated by the demethylating agent 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐azaD) plus or minus the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA). Forty genes were also downregulated in primary FL. Our results suggest that extensive hypermethylation in promoters of polycomb target genes is a characteristic of FL and that loss of expression of certain SUZ12 target genes could be functionally relevant for lymphomagenesis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frontolimbic responses to emotional face memory: The neural correlates of first impressions
Authors: Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Wolf Daniel H. , Gur Ruben C. , Ruparel Kosha , Valdez Jeffrey N. , Gur Raquel E. , Loughead James 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFirst impressions, especially of emotional faces, may critically impact later evaluation of social interactions. Activity in limbic regions, including the amygdala and ventral striatum, has previously been shown to correlate with identification of emotional content in faces; however, little work has been done describing how these signals may influence emotional face memory. We report an event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging study in 21 healthy adults where subjects attempted to recognize a neutral face that was previously viewed with a threatening (angry or fearful) or nonthreatening (happy or sad) affect. In a hypothesis‐driven region of interest analysis, we found that neutral faces previously presented with a threatening affect recruited the left amygdala. In contrast, faces previously presented with a nonthreatening affect activated the left ventral striatum. A whole‐brain analysis revealed increased response in the right orbitofrontal cortex to faces previously seen with threatening affect. These effects of prior emotion were independent of task performance, with differences being seen in the amygdala and ventral striatum even if only incorrect trials were considered. The results indicate that a network of frontolimbic regions may provide emotional bias signals during facial recognition. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroanatomical markers of speaking Chinese
Authors: Crinion Jenny T. , Green David W. , Chung Rita , Ali Nliufa , Grogan Alice , Price Gavin R. , Mechelli Andrea , Price Cathy J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify regional structural differences in the brains of native speakers of a tonal language (Chinese) compared to nontonal (European) language speakers. Our expectation was that there would be differences in regions implicated in pitch perception and production. We therefore compared structural brain images in three groups of participants: 31 who were native Chinese speakers; 7 who were native English speakers who had learnt Chinese in adulthood; and 21 European multilinguals who did not speak Chinese. The results identified two brain regions in the vicinity of the right anterior temporal lobe and the left insula where speakers of Chinese had significantly greater gray and white matter density compared with those who did not speak Chinese. Importantly, the effects were found in both native Chinese speakers and European subjects who learnt Chinese as a non‐native language, illustrating that they were language related and not ethnicity effects. On the basis of prior studies, we suggest that the locations of these gray and white matter changes in speakers of a tonal language are consistent with a role in linking the pitch of words to their meaning. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Priming words with pictures: Neural correlates of semantic associations in a cross‐modal priming task using fMRI
Authors: Kircher Tilo , Sass Katharina , Sachs Olga , Krach Sören 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn our everyday life we process information from different modalities simultaneously with great ease. With the current study we had the following goals: to detect the neural correlates of (1) automatic semantic processing of associates and (2) to investigate the influence of different visual modalities on semantic processing. Stimuli were presented with a short SOA (350 ms) as subjects performed a lexical decision task. To minimize the variance and increase homogeneity within our sample, only male subjects were measured. Three experimental conditions were compared while brain activation was measured with a 3 T fMRI scanner: related word‐pairs (e.g., frame–picture), unrelated word‐pairs (e.g., frame–car) as well as word‐nonword pairs (e.g., frame–fubber). They were presented uni‐ (word ‐word) and cross‐modally (picture–word). Behavioral data revealed a priming effect for cross‐modal and unimodal word‐pairs. On a neural level, the unimodal condition revealed response suppression in bilateral fronto‐parietal regions. Cross‐modal priming led to response suppression within the right inferior frontal gyrus. Common areas of deactivation for both modalities were found in bilateral fronto‐tempo‐parietal regions. These results suggest that the processing of semantic associations presented in different modalities lead to modality‐specific activation caused by early access routes. However, common activation for both modalities refers to a common neural network for semantic processing suggesting amodal processing. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.