bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomics in the assessment of chemical‐induced reproductive and developmental outcomes using non‐invasive biological fluids: application to the study of butylbenzyl phthalate
Authors: Sumner Susan , Snyder Rodney , Burgess Jason , Myers Christina , Tyl Rochelle , Sloan Carol , Fennell Timothy 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the use of metabolomics for improving our ability to draw correlations between early life exposures and reproductive and/or developmental outcomes. Pregnant CD rats were exposed by gavage daily during gestation to vehicle or to butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) in vehicle at a level known to induce effects in the offspring and at a level previously not shown to induce effects. Urine was collected for 24 h (on dry ice using all glass metabolism chambers) from dams on gestational day 18 (during exposure) and on post natal day (pnd) 21, and from pnd 25 pups. Traditional phenotypic anchors were measured in pups (between pnd 0 and pnd 26). Metabolomics of urine collected from dams exposed to vehicle or BBP exhibited different patterns for endogenous metabolites. Even three weeks after gestational exposure, metabolic profiles of endogenous compounds in urine could differentiate dams that received the vehicle, low dose or high dose of BBP. Metabolic profiles could differentiate male from female pups, pups born to dams receiving the vehicle, low or high BBP dose, and pups with observable adverse reproductive effects from pups with no observed effects. Metabolites significant to the separation of dose groups and their relationship with effects measured in the study were mapped to biochemical pathways for determining mechanistic relevance. The application of metabolomics to understanding the mechanistic link between low levels of environmental exposure and disease/dysfunction holds huge promise, because this technology is ideal for the analysis of biological fluids in human populations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teflon radiolysis as the major source of carrier in fluorine‐18
Authors: Berridge M. S. , Apana S. M. , Hersh J. M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe practical upper limit of fluorine‐18 specific activity has remained constant for many years among cyclotron facilities internationally. Although there have been isolated reports of very high specific activity and hints concerning the sources of carrier, experiments designed to identify carrier sources have been inconclusive and largely ineffective. This report describes experiments to test the hypothesis that radiolysis of fluorinated components is a source of carrier fluoride. Controlled experiments were performed in which contributions of irradiated fluorinated components to the mass of synthesized [18F]fluorobenzaldehyde (FBA) were measured. There was clear correlation between irradiation of Teflon and carrier mass. There was an additive effect of carrier due to different fluoropolymer components. It was concluded that in typical target and radiosynthesis systems it is radiolysis of fluorinated material and not the material itself that generates a large majority of the carrier typically reported. All Teflon and other fluorinated materials in contact with the [18F]fluoride solution were removed. With no further efforts to reduce carrier fluoride, FBA produced from a modest irradiation attained a reduction in mass from over 500 nmol to 30 nmol, and an increase in specific activity from 0.1 TBq (3 Ci) to 1.9 TBq (51 Ci) per micromole. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 50‐year high‐resolution atmospheric reanalysis over France with the Safran system
Authors: Vidal Jean‐Philippe , Martin Eric , Franchistéguy Laurent , Baillon Martine , Soubeyroux Jean‐Michel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe assessment of regional climate change requires the development of reference long‐term retrospective meteorological datasets. This article presents an 8‐km‐resolution atmospheric reanalysis over France performed with the the Safran‐gauge‐based analysis system for the period 1958–2008. Climatological features of the Safran 50‐year analysis—long‐term mean values, inter‐annual and seasonal variability—are first presented for all computed variables: rainfall, snowfall, mean air temperature, specific humidity, wind speed and solar and infrared radiation. The spatial patterns of precipitation, minimum and maximum temperature are compared with another spatialization method, and the temporal consistency of the reanalysis is assessed through various validation experiments with both dependent and independent data. These experiments demonstrate the overall robustness of the Safran reanalysis and the improvement of its quality with time, in connection with the sharp increase in the observation network density that occurred in the 1990s. They also show the differentiated sensitivity of variables to the number of available ground observations, with precipitation and air temperature being the more robust ones. The comparison of trends from the reanalysis with those from homogenized series finally shows that if spatial patterns are globally consistent with both approaches, care must be taken when using literal values from the reanalysis and corresponding statistical significance in climate change detection studies. The Safran 50‐year atmospheric reanalysis constitutes a long‐term forcing datasets for land surface schemes and thus enables the simulation of the past 50 years of water resources over France. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Predicting the impact of global warming on the timing of spring flowering
Authors: Clark Robert Malcolm , Thompson Roy 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMany plants flower in response to a change in the environment. Since one of the main goals for a plant is to complete a growth cycle in order to produce seed, flowering is a key stage in plant development. We have developed a statistical procedure for explaining the variations in flowering date, which is based on a well‐accepted phenological model (growing degree‐days). Our approach has several advantages over previous methods based around multiple‐regression procedures, the main one being that we have a direct interpretation in terms of just two meaningful phenological parameters (thermal requirement and thermal threshold) per species. The model is used to classify 79 flowering plants. By using a statistical approach based on empirical p‐values, we can decide which species can be regarded as sensitive to temperature. Our model, while a simplification of the real system, is easy to work with and enables the consequences of future temperature change to be predicted. By adopting a simple (linear), but realistic, approximation to the rise in temperature each spring, we derive a simple expression for the change in expected flowering dates under global warming. We use the expression to examine changes under three different climate change scenarios involving increasing warmth, oceanicity and continentality. Variations in flowering from species to species and year to year are explained in a straightforward manner by variations in our two parameters and the linear temperature functions, respectively. We find that the sensitivity of spring flowering dates to temperature is strongly governed by the continentality of the climate. We make predictions that will allow the assumptions used in constructing our model to be validated or repudiated. Our formulae can be used for any global warming scenario of the type we consider, whenever our basic assumptions hold. In particular, we predict the likely change in world‐wide spring flowering dates under the likely climatic conditions in the 2080s as predicted under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenario A1FI. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Anthropogenic land cover changes in a GCM with surface albedo changes based on MODIS data
Authors: Kvalevåg Maria Malene , Myhre Gunnar , Bonan Gordon , Levis Samuel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study uses a global climate model (GCM) to investigate the climate response at the surface and in the atmosphere caused by land use change. The climate simulations are performed with the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Land Model 3.5 (CLM3.5) coupled to the Community Atmosphere Model 3 (CAM3) and a slab ocean model. We use the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface albedo product to represent surface albedo in the CLM3.5 for both present day and to reconstruct the surface albedo for natural pre‐agriculture conditions. We compare simulations including vegetation changes and surface albedo changes to simulations including only surface albedo changes. We find that the surface albedo change is most dominant in temperate regions while the change in evapotranspiration drives the climate response in the tropics. Our results show that land cover changes contribute to an annual global warming of 0.04 K, but there are large regional differences. In North America and Europe, the surface temperatures decrease by − 0.11 and − 0.09 K, respectively, while in India the surface temperatures increase by 0.09 K. When we fix the vegetation cover in the simulations and let the climate changes be driven only by the differences in surface albedo, the annual global mean surface warming is reduced, and all three regions are now associated with surface cooling.We also show that the surface albedo value for cropland is of major importance in climate simulations of land cover change. The surface albedo effect is the main driving mechanism when the change in surface albedo between agricultural and natural vegetation is substantial. Finally, we argue that differences in the surface albedo value of cropland implemented in earlier land use change studies explain the diversity in the sign and magnitude of the climate response. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Ultrasonographically guided vacuum‐assisted excision for multiple breast masses: Non‐randomized comparison with conventional open excision
Authors: Wang Wei Jun , Wang Qiang , Cai Qing Ping , Zhang Jian Quan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and patient acceptance of ultrasonographically guided vacuum‐assisted excision (UGVAE) for multiple breast masses.MethodsNinty‐eight patients with low‐risk multiple breast masses were non‐randomized to either UGVAE or conventional open excision (COE). Clinical data were prospectively collected and analyzed.ResultsThe two groups were similar with age, side predilection, size and number of lesions. Forty‐seven patients had UGVAE with 8‐gauge probe and 15 patients with 11‐gauge probe. All lesions were removed through same incision. Patients both in UGVAE and COE had complete removal of all imaged evidence of the masses by ultrasonography on initial follow‐up. The majority of excised lesions were fibroadenomas and fibrocystic changes. The overall complication rate was 8.1% in UGVAE group and 5.6% in COE group. Patients treated with UGVAE were more highly satisfied with the cosmetic aspects as compared patients with COE. The postprocedure incomplete removal rate was slightly higher in UGVAE than in COE with 12‐month follow‐up, but the overall difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionBoth seem to be equally safe and effective, but UGVAE has certain advantages, that include minimal residual scar, excellent cosmesis outstanding, offering an useful alternative to the excision of low‐risk multiple benign masses. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:675–680. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The long‐term outcome of atomic bomb survivors with gastric carcinoma
Authors: Yamamoto Manabu , Matsuyama Ayumi , Kameyama Toshifumi , Okamoto Masahiro , Okazaki Jin , Utsunomiya Tohru , Tsutsui Shinichi , Ishida Teruyoshi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveDuring the decade following the 1945 atomic bombing of Hiroshima, a high incidence of leukemia was observed among atomic bomb survivors. Subsequently, the incidence of other cancers gradually increased while that of leukemia decreased. We examined the long‐term clinical outcome of gastric cancer and second primary cancer in atomic bomb survivors.MethodsResults of surgical treatment of gastric cancer were reviewed in 231 atomic bomb survivors and 759 control patients between 1995 and 2006.ResultsLong‐term prognosis of gastric cancer in atomic bomb survivors was significantly poorer than that in control patients (P < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, age, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastases, and curability were found to be significant and independent prognostic factors for gastric cancer. The incidence of second primary cancer after gastric cancer was significantly higher in survivors than in control patients (P < 0.01), because the number of elderly patients in the survivors was higher.ConclusionsGastric cancer in survivors had a significantly poorer prognosis. Although the frequency of second primary cancer after gastric cancer in survivors was higher than that in control patients, it did not influence the prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:594–597. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Routine or on demand radiological contrast examination in the diagnosis of anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy
Authors: Honing Judith , Pultrum Bareld B. , van der Jagt Eric J. , Groen Henk , Plukker John Th.M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundTo detect anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy in esophageal carcinoma patients, many surgeons perform a radiological contrast examination routinely. The aim of this retrospective study is to determine the clinical relevance of a routine contrast examination after esophagectomy and to evaluate criteria for contrast examination on demand.MethodsData were obtained from 211 patients with cancer of the esophagus or gastro‐esophageal junction who underwent an esophagectomy during the period 1991–2004. Retrospectively, we analyzed patients regarding anastomosis‐related characteristics and clinical signs including sepsis, fever ≥39.0°C, leukocytosis ≥20 × 109/ml and pleural effusion.ResultsAnastomotic leakage had appeared in 35 of the 211 patients. The clinical signs sepsis (odds ratio (OR) 6.72: 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.57–17.56); P < 0.0001), leukocytosis (OR 2.62 (1.10–6.22); P < 0.030), and fever (OR 2.34 (1.01–5.42); P < 0.047) were significantly related to anastomotic leakage. Pleural effusion was not significantly related to anastomotic leakage (OR 2.83 (0.98–8.13); P = 0.054).ConclusionOur study suggests that the clinical value for a routinely performed contrast examination is debatable. We recommend performing a contrast examination based on clinical suspicion and clinical signs of anastomotic leakage including sepsis, fever ≥39.0°C and leukocytosis ≥20 × 109/ml. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:699–702. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of ablative 10,600‐nm carbon dioxide fractional laser therapy on suppurative diseases of the skin: A case series of 12 patients
Authors: Cho Sung Bin , Jung Jin Young , Ryu Dong Jin , Lee Sang Ju , Lee Ju Hee 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe have used an ablative 10,600‐nm carbon dioxide fractional laser system (CO2 FS) for suppurative diseases in order to attempt improvement. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the effect of CO2 FS on the course of inflammatory reactions in suppurative diseases.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed a total of 12 Korean patients with suppurative diseases of the skin who had a history of treatment failure with several therapeutic modalities as well as active and multiple inflammatory lesions at the time of CO2 FS treatment.ResultsImprovement scores considering the number of suppurative lesions revealed that 3 of the 12 patients demonstrated clinical improvement of grade 4. Seven had clinical improvement of grade 3 and two showed improvement of grade 2. Improvement scores in severity were also evaluated; 2 of the 12 patients showed clinical improvement of grade 4. Six demonstrated clinical improvement of grade 3 and four had clinical improvement of grade 2. No patient showed a worsening of suppurative lesions.ConclusionOur observations demonstrated that the use of CO2 FS did not make active suppurative lesions worse, and might have a therapeutic effect on suppurative diseases and their related scars. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:550–554, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of cluster multi‐diode light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) on exercise‐induced skeletal muscle fatigue and skeletal muscle recovery in humans
Authors: Leal Junior Ernesto Cesar Pinto , Lopes‐Martins Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão , Rossi Rafael Paolo , De Marchi Thiago , Baroni Bruno Manfredini , de Godoi Vanessa , Marcos Rodrigo Labat , Ramos Luciano , Bjordal Jan Magnus 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere are some indications that low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) may delay the development of skeletal muscle fatigue during high‐intensity exercise. There have also been claims that LED cluster probes may be effective for this application however there are differences between LED and laser sources like spot size, spectral width, power output, etc. In this study we wanted to test if light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) can alter muscle performance, fatigue development and biochemical markers for skeletal muscle recovery in an experimental model of biceps humeri muscle contractions.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTen male professional volleyball players (23.6 [SD ±5.6] years old) entered a randomized double‐blinded placebo‐controlled crossover trial. Active cluster LEDT (69 LEDs with wavelengths 660/850 nm, 10/30 mW, 30 seconds total irradiation time, 41.7 J of total energy irradiated) or an identical placebo LEDT was delivered under double‐blinded conditions to the middle of biceps humeri muscle immediately before exercise. All subjects performed voluntary biceps humeri contractions with a workload of 75% of their maximal voluntary contraction force (MVC) until exhaustion.ResultsActive LEDT increased the number of biceps humeri contractions by 12.9% (38.60 [SD ±9.03] vs. 34.20 [SD ±8.68], P = 0.021) and extended the elapsed time to perform contractions by 11.6% (P = 0.036) versus placebo. In addition, post‐exercise levels of biochemical markers decreased significantly with active LEDT: Blood Lactate (P = 0.042), Creatine Kinase (P = 0.035), and C‐Reative Protein levels (P = 0.030), when compared to placebo LEDT.ConclusionWe conclude that this particular procedure and dose of LEDT immediately before exhaustive biceps humeri contractions, causes a slight delay in the development of skeletal muscle fatigue, decreases post‐exercise blood lactate levels and inhibits the release of Creatine Kinase and C‐Reative Protein. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:572–577, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blood flow dynamics after laser therapy of port wine stain birthmarks
Authors: Huang Yu‐Chih , Tran Nadia , Shumaker Peter R. , Kelly Kristen , Ross E. Victor , Nelson J. Stuart , Choi Bernard 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveDuring laser therapy of port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks, regions of perfusion may persist. We hypothesize that such regions are not readily observable even when laser surgery is performed by highly experienced clinicians. The objective of this study was to use objective feedback to assess the acute vascular response to laser therapy.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA clinic‐friendly laser speckle imaging (LSI) instrument was developed to provide the clinician with real‐time images of blood flow during laser therapy. Images were acquired from patients undergoing laser therapy of PWS birthmarks at Scripps Clinic and the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic. Blood flow maps were extracted from the acquired imaging data. Histogram‐based analysis was applied in grading the degree of heterogeneity present in the blood flow maps after laser therapy.ResultsCollectively, two types of patient responses were observed in response to laser exposure: (1) an immediate increase in perfusion within minutes after laser therapy; and (2) an overall decrease in blood perfusion ∼1 hour after laser therapy, with distinct regions of persistent perfusion apparent in the majority of post‐treatment blood‐flow images. A comparison of blood flow in PWS and adjacent normal skin demonstrated that PWS blood flow can be greater than, or sometimes equivalent to, that of normal skin.ConclusionIn general, a decrease in skin perfusion is observed during pulsed laser therapy of PWS birthmarks. However, a heterogeneous perfusion map was frequently observed. These regions of persistent perfusion may be due to incomplete photocoagulation of the targeted vessels. We hypothesize that immediate retreatment of these regions identified with LSI, will result in enhanced removal of the PWS vasculature. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:563–571, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carleson measures and the BMO space on the p ‐adic vector space
Authors: Kim Yong‐Cheol 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFor a prime number p, let Qp be the p ‐adic field and let Qp d denote a vector space over Qp which consists of all d ‐tuples of Qp . Then we study the p ‐adic version of the Calderón–Zygmund decomposition, Carleson measures on the vector space Qp d +1 and the space BMO (Qp d ) of functions of bounded mean oscillation on Qp d . In particular, it turns out that the operator norms of various oncoming operators are independent of the dimension d and the prime number p, which is one of the big differences from that of the Euclidean case. Interestingly, the independence of the dimension d and p makes it possible to develop Harmonic Analysis on the infinite dimensional p ‐adic vector space as the importance had already been pointed out in the Euclidean case (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Dirichlet problem for non‐divergence parabolic equations with discontinuous in time coefficients
Authors: Kozlov Vladimir , Nazarov Alexander 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe consider the Dirichlet problem for non‐divergence parabolic equation with discontinuous in t coefficients in a half space. The main result is weighted coercive estimates of solutions in anisotropic Sobolev spaces. We give an application of this result to linear and quasi‐linear parabolic equations in a bounded domain. In particular, if the boundary is of class C1,δ , δ ∈ [0, 1], then we present a coercive estimate of solutions in weighted anisotropic Sobolev spaces, where the weight is a power of the distance to the boundary (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparing factor analytical and circumplex models of brand personality in brand positioning
Authors: Bao Jia Yao Esther , Sweeney Jillian C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCompetition has never been greater, which means it is more important than ever that organizations assess their brand management strategies, including brand personality management. However, little empirical research addresses the brand personality concept, particularly its role in product evaluation. An exception, which views brand personality as a set of human personality characteristics associated with a brand, has been criticized for its use of a factor analytical approach. An alternative approach posits that the brand represents a relationship partner with which the consumer may choose to engage; it corresponds to the interpersonal circumplex approach to personality modeling. The present study compares these two approaches by developing brand positioning maps and predicting consumer outcomes. The results support the factor approach in a purely quantitative sense, but the circumplex approach offers both a richer qualitative explanation of the findings by encompassing a broad spectrum of traits and a more diagnostic prediction of consumer outcomes. The alternative conceptualization of brand personality contained in these results should be of interest to brand managers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.