bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary Metabolites from the Fungus Monascus purpureus and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Cheng Ming‐Jen , Yang Ping‐Hsun , Wu Ming‐Der , Chen Ih‐Sheng , Hsieh Ming‐Tsuen , Chen Yen‐Lin , Yuan Gwo‐Fang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractInvestigation of the 95% EtOH extract of red yeast rice fermented with the fungus Monascus purpureus BCRC 31615 has led to the isolation and structure elucidation of four new compounds, including one new azaphilone analog, monascuspurpurone (1), a new isocoumarin, monaschromone (2), a new furan‐3‐one derivative, 2‐dodecyl‐5‐(2‐methoxyethyl)‐2‐methylfuran‐3(2H)‐one (3), and a new alkaloid, methyl 4‐[(E)‐2‐acetyl‐4‐oxoundec‐1‐enyl]‐6‐propylnicotinate (4), together with seven known compounds. The structures of all isolates were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature data. Compounds 1–4 were tested for their cytotoxicity against the MCF‐7, NCI‐H460, and SF‐268 cell lines using the MTT (=3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide) assay. Among them, compounds 1 and 4 were found to have moderate cytotoxic effects against these three cell lines in vitro.
Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Synthesis of N‐Phosphinyl α‐Aminophosphonic Acid Monoesters
Authors: Fang Zhijia , Yang Haohao , Miao Zhiwei , Chen Ruyu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA convenient diastereoselective synthesis of diisopropyl (2R,3R)‐3‐{{{(R/S)‐aryl[(diethoxyphosphinyl)amino]methyl}hydroxyphosphinyl}oxy}‐2‐hydroxybutanedioate through Mannich‐type reactions is reported. The reactions take place under mild conditions in good yields, and this makes it possible to introduce various substituents at the α‐position to the P‐atom of α‐aminophosphonates. The chiral diisopropyl (4R,5R)‐2‐chloro‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane‐4,5‐dicarboxylate (3) was found to be a good phosphonylating agent in this stereoselective reaction.
Tin(II) Halide Insertion or Halogen Exchange in the Reactions of Dihaloplatinum(II) Complexes with Tin(II) Halide
Authors: Momeni Badri Z. , Kazmi Hoori , Najafi Atefeh 
Published: September 2011

AbstractReactions of SnCl2 with the complexes cis‐[PtCl2(P2)] (P2=dppf (1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene), dppp (1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane=1,1′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis[1,1‐diphenylphosphine]), dppb (1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane=1,1′‐(butane‐1,4‐diyl)bis[1,1‐diphenylphosphine]), and dpppe (1,5‐bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane=1,1′‐(pentane‐1,5‐diyl)bis[1,1‐diphenylphosphine])) resulted in the insertion of SnCl2 into the PtCl bond to afford the cis‐[PtCl(SnCl3)(P2)] complexes. However, the reaction of the complexes cis‐[PtCl2(P2)] (P2=dppf, dppm (bis(diphenylphosphino)methane=1,1′‐methylenebis[1,1‐diphenylphosphine]), dppe (1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane=1,1′‐(ethane‐1,2‐diyl)bis[1,1‐diphenylphosphine]), dppp, dppb, and dpppe; P=Ph3P and (MeO)3P) with SnX2 (X=Br or I) resulted in the halogen exchange to yield the complexes [PtX2(P2)]. In contrast, treatment of cis‐[PtBr2(dppm)] with SnBr2 resulted in the insertion of SnBr2 into the PtBr bond to form cis‐[Pt(SnBr3)2(dppm)], and this product was in equilibrium with the starting complex cis‐[PtBr2(dppm)]. Moreover, the reaction of cis‐[PtCl2(dppb)] with a mixture SnCl2/SnI2 in a 2 : 1 mol ratio resulted in the formation of cis‐[PtI2(dppb)] as a consequence of the selective halogen‐exchange reaction. 31P‐NMR Data for all complexes are reported, and a correlation between the chemical shifts and the coupling constants was established for mono‐ and bis(trichlorostannyl)platinum complexes. The effect of the alkane chain length of the ligand and SnII halide is described.
A New Four‐Component Reaction for the Synthesis of Spiro[4H‐indeno[1,2‐b]pyridine‐4,3′‐[3H]indoles]
Authors: Feiz Afsaneh , Shakibaei Ghazaleh Imani , Yasaei Zahra , Reza Khavasi Hamid , Bazgir Ayoob 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA new four‐component synthesis of spiro[4H‐indeno[1,2‐b]pyridine‐4,3′‐[3H]indoles] and spiro[acenaphthylene‐1(2H),4′‐[4H‐indeno[1,2‐b]pyridines] by the reaction of indane‐1,3‐dione, 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, isatins (=1H‐indole‐2,3‐diones) or acenaphthylene‐1,2‐dione, and AcONH4 in refluxing toluene in the presence of a catalytic amount of pyridine is reported.
Cytotoxic Naphtho‐γ‐pyrones from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus tubingensis (GX1‐5E)
Authors: Huang Hong‐Bo , Xiao Ze‐En , Feng Xiao‐Jun , Huang Cai‐Huan , Zhu Xun , Ju Jian‐Hua , Li Meng‐Feng , Lin Yong‐Cheng , Liu Lan , She Zhi‐Gang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFour new dimeric naphtho‐γ‐pyrones, named rubasperone D (1), rubasperone E (2), rubasperone F (3), and its atropisomer rubasperone G (4), together with four known monomeric naphtho‐γ‐pyrones, TMC 256 A1 (5), rubrofusarin B (6), fonsecin (7), and flavasperone (8), were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Aspergillus tubingensis (GX1‐5E) cultivated in solid rice medium. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including IR, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and MS. In the in vitro cytotoxicity assays, 5 displayed inhibitory activities against tumor cell lines of MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐435, Hep3B, Huh7, SNB19, and U87 MG with IC50 values between 19.92 and 47.98 μM. Compounds 1, 6, and 8 also showed mild cytotoxic activity.
A Convenient Synthesis of Functionalized α‐Methylidenebutano‐4‐lactams
Authors: Liberge Gwenaëlle , Lebrun Stéphane , Couture Axel , Grandclaudon Pierre 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA concise synthetic approach to functionalized α‐methylidenebutanolactams has been developed. The synthetic strategy is based on the preliminary assembly of the lactam template equipped with appropriate functionalities. Subsequent installation of the methylidene by a metalation/alkylation/elimination sequence completed the elaboration of the racemic title compounds.
A New Phenolic Diglycoside Produced in Response to Copper Toxicity and a New Flavan Dimer from the Leaves of Viburnum ichangense (Hemsl.) Rehd.
Authors: Wu Bin , Wang Kuiwu , Wu Xiaodan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA new phenolic digycoside 1 was produced as stress metabolite in the fresh leaves of Viburnum ichangense (Hemsl.) Rehd., in response to abiotic stress elicitation by CuCl2. The stress metabolite was characterized as 1‐O‐[α‐L‐arabinofuranosyl(1→6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl]‐erythro‐1,2‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)propane‐1,3‐diol (1). A new flavan dimer, 2,3‐epoxyflavan‐3′,4′,5,7‐tetraol‐(4→8″)‐flavan‐3″,3′′′,4′′′,5′′′,6″‐pentaol (2), and two known compounds, hovetrichoside A (3) and asperglaucide (4), were also isolated. Their structures were established by spectroscopic means.
Serum MMP‐8 levels increase in colorectal cancer and correlate with disease course and inflammatory properties of primary tumors
Authors: Väyrynen Juha P. , Vornanen Juha , Tervahartiala Taina , Sorsa Timo , Bloigu Risto , Salo Tuula , Tuomisto Anne , Mäkinen Markus J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) form a family of zinc‐dependent endoproteases participating in cancer pathogenesis by promoting invasion and regulating growth signaling, apoptosis, angiogenesis and immune responses. MMP‐8 is an intriguing MMP with recently discovered antitumor activity and immunoregulatory properties, but its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been studied extensively. Preoperative serum MMP‐8 levels (S‐MMP‐8) of 148 CRC patients and 83 healthy controls were measured using an immunofluorometric assay and related to clinical and pathological parameters. The patients had higher S‐MMP‐8 than the controls (median 63.0 vs. 17.2 ng/ml, p = 1.5E − 9), and a receiver operating characteristics analysis yielded an area under the curve of 0.751 in differentiating the groups. In univariate analyses, S‐MMP‐8 correlated positively with disease stage (p = 4.5E − 4), the degree of primary tumor necrosis (p = 0.0024) and blood neutrophil count (Pearson r = 0.523, p = 2.5E − 9). Particular interest was also addressed to the inflammatory properties of the tumors, and both variables studied, peritumoral tumor‐destructing inflammatory infiltrate and Crohn's‐like lymphoid reaction (CLR), showed a negative correlation with S‐MMP‐8 (p = 0.041 and p = 0.0057, respectively). In a multiple linear regression analysis, high S‐MMP‐8 associated with elevated blood neutrophil count, distant metastases, low‐grade CLR and low body mass index. Overall, our results indicate that MMP‐8 is involved in the course and progression of CRC influencing the immune response against the tumor and contributing to the resolution of necrosis. Serum or plasma MMP‐8 may prove to be a worthy biomarker for CRC.
A comprehensive study of polymorphisms in the ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2, NR1I2 genes and lymphoma risk
Authors: Campa Daniele , Butterbach Katja , Slager Susan L. , Skibola Christine F. , de Sanjosé Silvia , Benavente Yolanda , Becker Nikolaus , Foretova Lenka , Maynadie Marc , Cocco Pierluigi , Staines Anthony , Kaaks Rudolf , Boffetta Paolo , Brennan Paul , Conde Lucia , Bracci Paige M. , Caporaso Neil E. , Strom Sara S. , Camp Nicola J. , Cerhan James R. , Consortium GEC , Canzian Federico , Nieters Alexandra 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOwing to their role in controlling the efflux of toxic compounds, transporters are central players in the process of detoxification and elimination of xenobiotics, which in turn is related to cancer risk. Among these transporters, ATP‐binding cassette B1/multidrug resistance 1 (ABCB1/MDR1), ABCC2/multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) and ABCG2/breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) affect susceptibility to many hematopoietic malignancies. The maintenance of regulated expression of these transporters is governed through the activation of intracellular “xenosensors” like the nuclear receptor 1I2/pregnane X receptor (NR1I2/PXR). SNPs in genes encoding these regulators have also been implicated in the risk of several cancers. Using a tagging approach, we tested the hypothesis that common polymorphisms in the transporter genes ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2 and the regulator gene NR1I2 could be implicated in lymphoma risk. We selected 68 SNPs in the four genes, and we genotyped them in 1,481 lymphoma cases and 1,491 controls of the European case–control study (EpiLymph) using the Illumina GoldenGate™ assay technology. Carriers of the SNP rs6857600 minor allele in ABCG2 was associated with a decrease in risk of B‐cell lymphoma (B‐NHL) overall (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a decreased risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was associated with the ABCG2 rs2231142 variant (p = 0.0004), which could be replicated in an independent population. These results suggest a role for this gene in B‐NHL susceptibility, especially for CLL.
Fast density matrix‐based partitioning of the energy over the atoms in a molecule consistent with the hirshfeld‐I partitioning of the electron density
Authors: Vanfleteren Diederik , Ghillemijn Dieter , Van Neck Dimitri , Bultinck Patrick , Waroquier Michel , Ayers Paul W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFor the Hirshfeld‐I atom in the molecule (AIM) model, associated single‐atom energies and interaction energies at the Hartree–Fock level are efficiently determined in one‐electron Hilbert space. In contrast to most other approaches, the energy terms are fully consistent with the partitioning of the underlying one‐electron density matrix (1DM). Starting from the Hirshfeld‐I AIM model for the electron density, the molecular 1DM is partitioned with a previously introduced double‐atom scheme (Vanfleteren et al., J Chem Phys 2010, 132, 164111). Single‐atom density matrices are constructed from the atomic and bond contributions of the double‐atom scheme. As the Hartree–Fock energy can be expressed solely in terms of the 1DM, the partitioning of the latter over the AIM naturally leads to a corresponding partitioning of the Hartree–Fock energy. When the size of the molecule or the molecular basis set does not grow too large, the method shows considerable computational advantages compared with other approaches that require cumbersome numerical integration of the molecular energy integrals weighted by atomic weight functions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in various forms of hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Duygu Fazilet , Tekin Koruk Suda , Aksoy Nurten 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the activity of paraoxonase and arylesterase enzymes in various clinical forms of hepatitis B infection and to investigate the correlation between these parameters and chronic disease course/fibrosis. Overall, 40 patients diagnosed as hepatitis B carriers (CIHBV), 40 chronic active hepatitis B (CAHBV) patients, and 40 healthy adults (control group) between 18 and 65 years of age were enrolled the study. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Their activities were significantly lower in patients with CAHBV compared with CIHBV patients or with control group patients (P<0.001). There was a negative correlation between alanine aminotransferase levels and theactivity of paraoxonase and arylesterase (r=−0.38, P=0.001 and r=−0.28, P=0.002, respectively). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between arylesterase activity in the sera of CAHBV patients and HBV DNA levels (ρ=−0.33, P=0.03). On the contrary, no correlation was found between paraoxonase levels and HBV DNA levels (P>0.05). The histology activity index of CAHBV patients did not correlate with paraoxonase and arylesterase activities (P>0.05). In light of these findings, it may be assumed that during the progression of an inactive hepatitis B carrier to being actively infected, reduced paraoxonase and arylesterase activities may be observed. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:311–316, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
γ/IgG ratio: role in distinguishing monoclonal spikes from fibrinogen
Authors: Lee Maria Teresa , Caturegli Patrizio , Humphrey Richard L. , Thompson Richard E. , Detrick Barbara 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSerum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) is a standard screening method for detecting monoclonal gammopathies. Presence of fibrinogen, however, can mimic a true monoclonal spike and interfere with accurate monoclonal protein identification. We describe a novel approach for distinguishing fibrinogen spikes from true monoclonal spikes. We classified 600 individual patient samples into four groups: group 1, 58 samples with a fibrinogen spike; group 2, 127 samples with a spike due to a monoclonal gammopathy; group 3, 181 samples with previously established monoclonal gammopathies but resolved posttreatment; and group 4, 234 control samples without monoclonal gammopathies. The value of using a γ regionfraction/IgG ratio in distinguishing fibrinogen from true monoclonal spikes was assessed. The γ/IgG ratio in the fibrinogen group is significantly (P<0.0001) higher than this ratio in the other three groups. A γ/IgG ratio cut‐off value of 1.13 discriminates true monoclonal gammopathies from fibrinogen. Moreover, exclusion of elevated IgA or IgM cases improves the ratio's predictive power. The probability cut‐off is 0.756, corresponding to a γ/IgG ratio of 1 (93% sensitivity, 91% specificity). Using the γ/IgG ratio improves the screening power of SPEP and offers a simple and reliable diagnostic tool for distinguishing fibrinogen spikes from true monoclonal spikes. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:332–336, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Method of stabilizing blood for the determination of methemoglobin
Authors: Shihana Fathima , Dawson Andrew H. , Dissanayake Dhammika M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMethemoglobin (MetHb) is a significant clinical problem for some poisonings. Its measurement is a problem as both formation and reduction of MetHb can occur even after sampling with time. The objective of this study was to discover a method to stabilize the blood samples for the determination of MetHb. First, hemolysates were prepared by diluting the MetHb blood samples with phosphate buffers under different pH values. The samples were stored at 4–8°C and a day‐to‐day variability in the amount of MetHb was determined using the method described by Evelyn and Malloy. The results show that there is a significantchange in the amount of MetHbstored in both KH2PO4/Na2HPO4 and KH2PO4/Na2HPO4.2H2O buffer solutions at pH of 6.7 and 6.9. Buffer solution containing phosphate composition of KH2PO4/Na2HPO4·2H2O (pH=7.0) gives relatively stable values for MetHb during the storage and the amount of MetHb samples in the buffer solution retain constant up to 9 days. Therefore, stabilized MetHb blood samples can be prepared using KH2PO4/Na2HPO4·2H2O buffer solution (pH=7) with non‐ionic detergent and the samples can be stored for several days at 4–8°C. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 25:366–368, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatty acids and bioactive compounds of the pulps and kernels of Brazilian palm species, guariroba (Syagrus oleraces), jerivá (Syagrus romanzoffiana) and macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata)
Authors: Coimbra Michelle C , Jorge Neuza 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Bioactive compounds are capable of providing health benefits, reducing disease incidence or favoring body functioning. There is a growing search for vegetable oils containing such compounds. This study aimed to characterize the pulp and kernel oils of the Brazilian palm species guariroba (Syagrus oleracea), jerivá (Syagrus romanzoffiana) and macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata), aiming at possible uses in several industries.RESULTS: Fatty acid composition, phenolic and carotenoid contents, tocopherol composition were evaluated. The majority of the fatty acids in pulps were oleic and linoleic; macaúba pulp contained 526 g kg−1 of oleic acid. Lauric acid was detected in the kernels of all three species as the major saturated fatty acid, in amounts ranging from 325.8 to 424.3 g kg−1. The jerivá pulp contained carotenoids and tocopherols on average of 1219 µg g−1 and 323.50 mg kg−1, respectively.CONCLUSION: The pulps contained more unsaturated fatty acids than the kernels, mainly oleic and linoleic. Moreover, the pulps showed higher carotenoid and tocopherol contents. The kernels showed a predominance of saturated fatty acids, especially lauric acid. The fatty acid profiles of the kernels suggest that these oils may be better suited for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries than for use in foods. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Broad bean and pea by‐products as sources of fibre‐rich ingredients: potential antioxidant activity measured in vitro
Authors: Mateos‐Aparicio Inmaculada , Redondo‐Cuenca Araceli , Villanueva‐Suárez María‐José 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND By‐products generated during the processing of plant food can be considered a promising source of dietary fibre as a functional compound. The dietary fibre composition, soluble sugars and antioxidant activity of the extractable polyphenols of pea and broad bean by‐products have been analysed in this study.RESULTS: Total dietary fibre using AOAC methods plus hydrolysis (broad bean pod: 337.3 g kg−1; pea pod: 472.6 g kg−1) is higher (P < 0.05) in both by‐products than with the Englyst method (broad bean pod: 309.7 g kg−1; pea pod: 434.6 g kg−1). The main monomers are uronic acids, glucose, arabinose and galactose in broad bean pods. However, pea pods are very rich in glucose and xylose. The soluble sugars analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography in both by‐products have glucose as the most important component, followed by sucrose and fructose. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (broad bean pod: 406.4 µmol Trolox equivalents g−1; pea pod: 25.9 µmol Trolox equivalents g−1) and scavenging effect on 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (EC50 of broad bean pod: 0.4 mg mL−1; EC50 of pea pod: 16.0 mg mL−1) were also measured.CONCLUSIONS: Broad bean and pea by‐products are very rich in dietary fibre, particularly insoluble dietary fibre and their extractable polyphenols demonstrate antioxidant activity. Therefore they might be regarded as functional ingredients. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Functional role of human laryngeal nerve connections
Authors: Martin‐Oviedo Carlos , Maranillo Eva , Lowy‐Benoliel Alejandro , Pascual‐Font Aran , Martinez‐Guirado Tomas , Rodriguez‐Niedenführ Marc , Sañudo Jose , Scola Bartolome , Vazquez Teresa 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Current knowledge of the functional role of human laryngeal nerves is based on traditional laryngeal neuroanatomic descriptions or contradictory electromyographic studies. The aim of this study was to clarify the functional role of neural connections between laryngeal nerves by correlating the different electromyographic patterns observed after laryngeal stimulation and the existence of different neural connections.Study Design:Descriptive.Methods:Electromyographic and morphologic study in 13 patients during total laryngectomy procedure.Results:Seven patients showed an additional evoked response from the cricothyroid muscle after recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation. External laryngeal nerve stimulation resulted in additional responses from the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle in three cases and from the arytenoid muscle in one. The presence of a neural connection was confirmed in all patients who showed an unexpected electromyographic response.Conclusions:The different connections between laryngeal nerves are at least partially of motor nature and play a role in the mobility of vocal folds.
Fighting against diffraction: apodization and near field diffraction structures
Authors: Wang H. , Sheppard C.J.R. , Ravi K. , Ho S.T. , Vienne G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDiffraction is a natural phenomenon, which occurs when waves propagate or encounter an obstacle. Diffraction is also a fundamental aspect of modern optics: all imaging systems are diffraction systems. However, like a coin has two sides, diffraction also leads to some unfavorable effects, such as an increase in the size of a beam during propagation, and a limited minimal beam size after focusing. To overcome these disadvantages set by diffraction, many techniques have been developed by various groups, including apodization techniques to reduce the divergence of a laser beam and increase the resolution, and time reversal, STED microscopy, super lenses and optical antennas to obtain resolution down to nano‐scale. This review concentrates on the diffraction of electromagnetic waves, and the ways to overcome beam divergence and the diffraction limit.
Dendritic Carrier Based on PEG: Design and Degradation of Acid‐sensitive Dendrimer‐like Poly(ethylene oxide)s
Authors: Feng Xiaoshuang , Chaikof Elliot L. , Absalon Christelle , Drummond Carlos , Taton Daniel , Gnanou Yves 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDegradable dendrimer‐like PEOs were designed using an original ABC‐type branching agent featuring a cleavable ketal group, following an iterative divergent approach based on the anionic ring opening polymerization (AROP) of ethylene oxide and arborization of PEO chain ends. A seventh generation dendrimer‐like PEO carrying 192 peripheral hydroxyls and exhibiting a molar mass of 446 kg · mol−1 was obtained in this way. The chemical degradation of these dendritic scaffolds was next successfully accomplished under acidic conditions, forming linear PEO chains of low molar mass (≈2 kg · mol−1), as monitored by 1H NMR, SEC, and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry as well as by AFM.magnified image