bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Level-of-Effort Paradata in Non-Response Adjustments with Application to Field Surveys
Authors: Biemer Paul P. , Chen Patrick , Wang Kevin 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe paper considers the use of level-of-effort (LOE) paradata to model the non-response mechanism in surveys and to adjust for non-response bias, particularly bias that is missing not at random or non-ignorable. Our approach is based on an unconditional maximum likelihood estimation (call-back) model that adapts and extends the prior work to handle the complexities that are encountered for large-scale field surveys. A test of the ‘missingness at random’ assumption is also proposed that can be applied to essentially any survey when LOE data are available. The non-response adjustment and the test for missingness at random are then applied and evaluated for a large-scale field survey—the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Although evidence on non-ignorable non-response bias was found for this survey, the call-back model could not remove it. One likely explanation of this result is error in the LOE data. This possibility is explored and supported by a field investigation and simulation study informed by data obtained on LOE errors.
Does attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder exacerbate executive dysfunction in children with neurofibromatosis type 1?
Authors: PAYNE JONATHAN M , ARNOLD SHELLEY S , PRIDE NATALIE A , NORTH KATHRYN N 
Published: July 2012

Aim  Although approximately 40% of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) meet diagnostic criteria for attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the impact of ADHD on the executive functioning of children with NF1 is not understood. We investigated whether spatial working memory and response inhibition are impaired in children with NF1 without a diagnosis of ADHD and whether executive deficits are exacerbated in children with a comorbid diagnosis.Method  Forty‐nine children aged 7 to 15 years with NF1 only (31 males, 18 females; mean age 11y, SD 2y 4mo) or 35 with NF1 and ADHD (18 males, 17 females; mean age 10y 8mo, SD 2y 4mo) and 30 typically developing comparison children (16 males, 14 females; mean age 10y, SD 2y 8mo) were compared on measures of spatial working memory and response inhibition. Group differences in IQ and visuospatial ability were controlled for as required.Results  Compared with typically developing children, children with NF1 with or without comorbid ADHD demonstrated significant impairment of both spatial working memory (both p<0.004) and inhibitory control (both p<0.010). There were, however, no differences between the two NF1 groups in spatial working memory (p=0.91) or response inhibition (p=0.78).Interpretation  Executive dysfunction occurs with the same severity in children with NF1, whether or not they have a comorbid diagnosis of ADHD, suggesting that executive impairments are not unique contributors to ADHD symptomatology in NF1. The findings are discussed within the context of recent evidence in Nf1 optic glioma (OPG) mice, in which a mechanistic connection between NF1 gene expression, executive system failure, and dopaminergic pathway integrity has been established.
Efficiency of responding to unexpected information varies with sex, age, and pubertal development in early adolescence
Authors: Brumback Ty , Arbel Yael , Donchin Emanuel , Goldman Mark S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEntry into adolescence is marked by dramatic changes resulting from a dynamic interplay among biological and psychosocial processes. Despite the complexity, development is often indexed only by age in event‐related potential (ERP) studies. To broaden this approach, we address the effects of gender and pubertal development, along with age, in adolescents using a psychophysiological probe of decision making, the P300 component. Overall, girls exhibited shorter P300 latencies and smaller P300 amplitudes compared to boys, suggesting more efficient information processing. In both genders, P300 latency and amplitude also diminished as age and pubertal status increased, again suggesting increasing efficiency of information processing with development. Our findings highlight the necessity of considering more than age when examining cognitive functioning in adolescents and, in particular, the necessity of considering gender whenever developmental issues are addressed.
Environmental and Socioeconomic Analysis of Producing Biodiesel from Used Cooking Oil in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: de Pontes Souza Dejair , Mendonça Fabrício Molica , Alves Nunes Kátia Regina , Valle Rogerio 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThis study analyzes the potential environmental impacts and socioeconomic benefits of installing a pilot plant for biodiesel production from used cooking oil (UCO) collected from hotels, restaurants, and bars in the Copacabana district of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Currently much of this oil is used to produce soaps or simply disposed of directly into the sewage system, contributing to the eutrophication of bodies of water. An analysis is made of the production of biodiesel by the alkaline transesterification of UCO with ethanol using a sodium hydroxide catalyst. In order to analyze the environmental impacts, the ten stages of the life cycle of biodiesel made from UCO are assessed. The environmental impact of producing 1 metric ton of biodiesel is evaluated on the basis of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. In order to assess the economic feasibility of the pilot plant, a cash flow deterministic method was employed to evaluate the investment required. The social performance of the project was assessed using Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) indicators. The environmental analysis showed that ethanol production and fuel combustion are the stages that had the highest environmental impact. The findings of the economic analysis showed that it would be feasible for the Rio de Janeiro city council to implement a pilot plant in the Copacabana district of the city. The results of the social performance analysis indicated that the project would have a positive impact on local job and income generation.
Cerebral Microcirculatory Responses of Insulin‐Resistant Rats are Preserved to Physiological and Pharmacological Stimuli
Authors: Institoris Adam , Lenti Laura , Domoki Ferenc , Wappler Edina , Gáspár Tamás , Katakam Prasad V. , Bari Ferenc , Busija David W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectivePreviously, we have shown that IR impairs the vascular reactivity of the major cerebral arteries of ZO rats prior to the occurrence of Type‐II diabetes mellitus. However, the functional state of the microcirculation in the cerebral cortex is still being explored.MethodsWe tested the local CoBF responses of 11–13‐week‐old ZO (n = 31) and control ZL (n = 32) rats to several stimuli measured by LDF using a closed cranial window setup.ResultsThe topical application of 1–100 μm bradykinin elicited the same degree of CoBF elevation in both ZL and ZO groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence, latency, and amplitude of the NMDA‐induced CSD‐related hyperemia between the ZO and ZL groups. Hypercapnic CoBF response to 5% carbon‐dioxide ventilation did not significantly change in the ZO compared with the ZL. Topical bicuculline‐induced cortical seizure was accompanied by the same increase of CoBF in both the ZO and ZL at all bicuculline doses.ConclusionsCoBF responses of the microcirculation are preserved in the early period of the metabolic syndrome, which creates an opportunity for intervention to prevent and restore the function of the major cerebral vascular beds.
Interpopulation variation in egg size in the winter cherry bug relative to oviposition site selection
Authors: Nakajima Yuji , Fujisaki Kenji 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTo investigate whether or not oviposition on substrates other than host plants (e.g., non‐host plants, abiotic materials) would affect the evolution of egg size in phytophagous insects, we studied the winter cherry bug, Acanthocoris sordidus (Thunberg) (Heteroptera: Coreidae), as a model organism for its interpopulation variation in oviposition preference. The rate of oviposition off host plants is much higher in the Amami Island population than in either the Kyoto or Kochi populations. We compared egg size and number among the three local populations from Kyoto, Kochi, and Amami Island. In addition, to evaluate the adaptive significance of larger eggs for offspring in terms of searching for host plants, we examined the relationship between egg size and first‐instar body size. We also searched for a relationship between egg size and starvation tolerance in the second instars because first instars can develop to second instars without food intake, and thus the substantial host‐searching stage is the second instar, when females lay their eggs off host plants. Females from the Amami population produced fewer larger eggs than females from either the Kyoto or Kochi population. Regardless of the local population, the body size of first instars that emerged from larger eggs was larger, and the second instars originating from larger eggs had a higher starvation tolerance. The larger body size and higher starvation tolerance should enable nymphs to disperse further, which may enhance the probability of successfully reaching host plants. These results suggest that egg size in A. sordidus may be determined in relation to its oviposition habits to maximize reproductive success, resulting in interpopulation variation in egg size.
Survey on hospital‐acquired urinary tract infection in neurological intensive care unit
Authors: Wang Feng , Xing Tao , Li Junhui , He Yingzi , Bai Mei , Wang Niansong 
Published: July 2012

This study aimed to explore the causes, incidence, and risk factors of urinary tract infection patients in neurological intensive care unit (ICU). Patients (n = 916) admitted to the neurological ICU from January 2005 to December 2010 were retrospectively surveyed for urinary tract infections. There were 246 patients in neurological ICU who were diagnosed with hospital‐acquired urinary tract infection during that period of time (26.9%). Forty‐three cases were upper urinary tract infection, and 203 cases were lower urinary tract infection. The top three strains were Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Older age (UTI rate, 22.6%), female patients (21.7%), hospital stay for more than 7 days (16.7%), diabetes (11.7%), and catheterization (21.1%) were the risk factors for hospital‐acquired urinary tract infection. There is a high incidence of nosocomial urinary tract infection in the neurological intensive care unit. Active prevention program and surveillance need to be carried out in neurological ICU, especially in those with risk factors.
Leukemia cutis in association with cutaneous epidermal malignancies
Authors: Ra Seong , Su Albert , Ellison Doug , Koperski Judith , Bonilla Maria , Robbins Bruce 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundEpidermal malignancies developing in association with hematolymphoid malignancies are exceptional. Only one prior case of myeloid leukemia cutis with a cutaneous epidermal malignancy has been reported.MethodsWe report two cases; one occurred in association with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and another with basal cell carcinoma (BCC).ResultsBoth patients were 83‐year‐old males without established histories of systemic hematopoietic disorders; one presented with an erythematous papule on the right upper back and the other with a nodule on the left wrist. One biopsy revealed nodular BCC with an associated perivascular myeloid leukemic infiltrate showing immunohistochemical positivity for CD43 and CD45. The other biopsy showed SCC associated with a leukemic infiltrate in sheets with myeloid blasts, eosinophilic myelocytes and maturing myeloid precursors. The myeloid cells showed immunohistochemical expression of CD43, CD68, CD33, CD117 and myeloperoxidase. Both patients had myeloblasts on peripheral blood smear. One patient declined further treatment and died of disease 5 weeks after the initial biopsy. The other patient underwent chemotherapy and is alive after 6 months.ConclusionAlthough most inflammatory infiltrates associated with cutaneous epidermal malignancies are reactive, careful examination is necessary to exclude systemic hematopoietic disease, especially in elderly patients.
Where you search is what you get: literature mining – Google Scholar versus Web of Science using a data set from a literature search in vegetation science
Authors: Beckmann Michael , von Wehrden Henrik 
Published: July 2012

AbstractQuestionIs Google Scholar superior in literature search compared to the Web of Science?LocationThe Internet.MethodsThe maximum number of papers dealing with specific subjects was derived from a published review and compared with Google Scholar and Web of Science search results using GLM and a post‐hoc test.ResultsSearch results acquired through Google Scholar were not significantly different from the maximum number of papers found by manual search, while the Web of Science search delivered significantly less.ConclusionResearchers should give more prominent recognition to Google Scholar as a search tool, especially when conducting quantative reviews and meta‐analysis.
Tissue Doppler Imaging and 2‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking of Left Ventricular Function in Horses Exposed to Lasalocid
Authors: Decloedt A. , Verheyen T. , Sys S. , De Clercq D. , van Loon G. 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundTissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and 2‐dimensional speckle tracking (2DST) can quantify left ventricular (LV) function in horses.ObjectivesTo evaluate LV function by TDI and 2DST in horses with myocardial dysfunction after accidental ionophore intoxication.AnimalsSixty‐seven horses exposed to lasalocid in feed.MethodsProspective study. Horses were included in the study if a full cardiac examination was performed, consisting of determination of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), electrocardiography, and echocardiography. By TDI, radial systolic velocity and strain were measured. By 2DST, circumferential (SC) and radial (SR) strain at papillary muscle and chordal level and longitudinal (SL) strain were measured.ResultsTwenty horses showed signs of myocardial injury. Forty‐nine examinations were performed on these horses between day 30 and 490 after suspected onset of exposure. Five horses had increased cTnI and ventricular tachycardia and 15 had increased cTnI without ventricular tachycardia. Horses with mild myocardial damage showed few significant differences compared with a control group. Horses with severe myocardial damage showed severely decreased TDI, 2DST and fractional shortening measurements (P < .05), indicating impaired LV function. Long‐term follow‐up of 2 surviving horses demonstrated full recovery in 1 horse and permanent myocardial fibrosis in the other. The lowest measurements per horse (n = 20) for all TDI measurements, SL, SR at chordal level, and FS correlated significantly with maximal cTnI (P < .05). Over all examinations (n = 49), TDI and 2DST measurements correlated well with FS (P < .05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe TDI and 2DST measurements allowed accurate detection and quantification of LV dysfunction in horses exposed to lasalocid.
Hyperglycemia induced and intrinsic alterations in type 2 diabetes‐derived osteoclast function
Authors: Catalfamo DL , Britten TM , Storch DI , Calderon NL , Sorenson HL , Wallet SM 
Published: July 2012

Periodontal disease‐associated alveolar bone loss is a comorbidity of type‐2‐diabetes, where the roles of osteoclasts are poorly understood.ObjectiveTo evaluate osteoclast differentiation and function in the context of type‐2‐diabetes.Materials and MethodsBone marrow‐derived osteoclasts from db/db mice, a model of type‐2‐diabetes, as well as human osteoclasts derived from peripheral blood of individuals with type‐2‐diabetes were evaluated for differentiation, resorption, and soluble mediator expression.ResultsWhile db/db mice were hyperglycemic at time of cell harvest, human participants were glycemically controlled. Although db/db cultures resulted in a higher number of larger osteoclasts, individual cell receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL)‐mediated bone resorption was similar to that observed in diabetes‐free osteoclasts. Osteoclasts derived from individuals with type‐2‐diabetes differentiated similarly to controls with again no difference in bone resorbing capacity. Murine and human type‐2‐diabetes cultures both displayed inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced deactivation and increased pro‐osteoclastogenic mediator expression.ConclusionsHyperglycemia plays a role in aberrant osteoclast differentiation leading to an increased capacity for bone resorption. Osteoclasts derived from murine models of and individuals with type‐2‐diabetes are unable to be inhibited by LPS, again leading to increased capacity for bone resorption. Here, environmental and intrinsic mechanisms associated with the increased alveolar bone loss observed in periodontal patients with type‐2‐diabetes are described.
Is it sensible to “deform” dose? 3D experimental validation of dose‐warping
Authors: Yeo U. J. , Taylor M. L. , Supple J. R. , Smith R. L. , Dunn L. , Kron T. , Franich R. D. 
Published: July 2012

Purpose:Strategies for dose accumulation in deforming anatomy are of interest in radiotherapy. Algorithms exist for the deformation of dose based on patient image sets, though these are sometimes contentious because not all such image calculations are constrained by physical laws. While tumor and organ motion has been a key area of study for a considerable amount of time, deformation is of increasing interest. In this work, we demonstrate a full 3D experimental validation of results from a range of dose deformation algorithms available in the public domain.Methods:We recently developed the first tissue‐equivalent, full 3D deformable dosimetric phantom—“DEFGEL.” To assess the accuracy of dose‐warping based on deformable image registration (DIR), we have measured doses in undeformed and deformed states of the DEFGEL dosimeter and compared these to planned doses and warped doses. In this way we have directly evaluated the accuracy of dose‐warping calculations for 11 different algorithms. We have done this for a range of stereotactic irradiation schemes and types and magnitudes of deformation.Results:The original Horn and Schunck algorithm is shown to be the best performing of the 11 algorithms trialled. Comparing measured and dose‐warped calculations for this method, it is found that for a 10 × 10 mm2 square field, γ3%/3mm = 99.9%; for a 20 × 20 mm2 cross‐shaped field, γ3%/3mm = 99.1%; and for a multiple dynamic arc (0.413 cm3 PTV) treatment adapted from a patient treatment plan, γ3%/3mm = 95%. In each case, the agreement is comparable to—but consistently ∼1% less than—comparison between measured and calculated (planned) dose distributions in the absence of deformation. The magnitude of the deformation, as measured by the largest displacement experienced by any voxel in the volume, has the greatest influence on the accuracy of the warped dose distribution. Considering the square field case, the smallest deformation (∼9 mm) yields agreement of γ3%/3mm = 99.9%, while the most significant deformation (∼20 mm) yields agreement of γ3%/3mm = 96.7%.Conclusions:We have confirmed that, for a range of mass and density conserving deformations representative of those observable in anatomical targets, DIR‐based dose‐warping can yield accurate predictions of the dose distribution. Substantial differences can be seen between the results of different algorithms indicating that DIR performance should be scrutinized before application todose‐warping. We have demonstrated that the DEFGEL deformable dosimeter can be used to evaluate DIR performance and the accuracy of dose‐warping results by direct measurement.
Scanning rats on the high resolution research tomograph (HRRT): A comparison study with a dedicated micro‐PET
Authors: Blinder Stephan A. L. , Dinelle Katherine , Sossi Vesna 
Published: July 2012

Purpose:The Siemens ECAT high resolution research tomograph (HRRT) is a dedicated human brain PET camera with a 6% absolute sensitivity and a (2.3 mm)3 spatial resolution, improving to (1.8 mm)3 when point spread function (PSF) modeling algorithms are used. These values are very close to those of dedicated small animal PET cameras such as the Siemens microPET FOCUS 120 (F120). The larger axial and transaxial field of view of the HRRT compared to the F120 allows, in principle, for simultaneous imaging of several rodents thus potentially reducing scanning costs and time. This study investigates the feasibility of using the HRRT for quantitative small animal brain studies.Methods:We compare, in terms of magnitude, reproducibility, and asymmetry, the nondisplaceable tissue input binding potentials (BPND) in the striata obtained from [11C]methylphenidate scans of the same rats imaged on both the F120 and the HRRT. The animal studies are complemented by a phantom study aimed at investigating noise properties relevant to the size of typical regions of interest used in rat brain image analysis.Results:(i) The BPND values obtained from HRRT data are lower than those obtained on the F120 by 38% when PSF modeling is not used, while they are 7% higher with PSF modeling. (ii) The within animal reproducibility on the HRRT is 18% without PSF modeling, worse than the 6% reproducibility on the F120, and is even further degraded to a value of 27% with the use of PSF modeling. (iii) The asymmetry between the left and right striatum in healthy rats worsens from 4.7% in the F120 images to 7.8% in the HRRT images reconstructed without PSF modeling, and is even worse with a value of 14.8% when PSF modeling is used. (iv) Overshooting artifacts and clumpiness in the noise structure of the HRRT images reconstructed with PSF modeling are clearly visible.Conclusions:The spatial resolution achieved on the HRRT without the use of resolution recovery techniques is not sufficient to allow for reliable quantitative small animal brain imaging. While PSF modeling in the reconstruction of the HRRT images in principle improves the resolution close to the level of the F120, it also introduces small scale nonuniformity artifacts and overshooting artifacts which preclude reliable quantitative small animal brain imaging on the HRRT.