bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaporization enthalpy and cluster species in gas phase of 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidinium‐based ionic liquids from computer simulations
Authors: Yu Guangren , Chen Xiaochun , Asumana Charles , Zhang Suojiang , Liu Xiaomin , Zhou Guohui 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this work, the study on the volatility of ionic liquids is focused on the 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidinium‐based ionic liquids. Vaporization enthalpy and cluster species in gas phase for 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidinium lactate ([tmgH][L]), 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidinium trifluoroacetate ([tmgH][T]), and 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidinium formate ([tmgH][F]), are investigated by using molecular dynamic simulation and ab initio calculation, respectively. Results from the molecular dynamic simulations show that the interionic interactions of coulombic electrostatic and Van der Waals forces are the main factors for deciding the volatility. In addition, owing to the change of molecular conformations from the liquid phase to the gas phase, intraionic bond, angle, and torsion interactions also give remarkable contributions. From the ab initio calculations, in the gas phase, an interionic proton transfer easily occurs in the ion pairs of these guanidinium‐based ionic liquids, and the ion pairs are finally transformed into more thermodynamically stable neutral molecule dimers (this is different from some imidazolium‐based ILs where ion pair can stably exist in gas phase). The transfer energy barriers are very low (typically, less than 2 kJ mol−1). However, the existence of a third charged ion ([tmgH]+, [L]−, [T]−, or [F]−) or neutral molecule (tmg, HL, HT, or HF), will stabilize the ion pairs and prevent the transfer of proton. Finally, the stable trimers are then formed. The tetramers are also stable species. Ab initio results explain why they exist as ions in the liquid state. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Genotype–phenotype correlation in eight new patients with a deletion encompassing 2q31.1
Authors: Mitter Diana , Chiaie Barbara Delle , Lüdecke Hermann‐Josef , Gillessen‐Kaesbach Gabriele , Bohring Axel , Kohlhase Jürgen , Caliebe Almuth , Siebert Reiner , Roepke Albrecht , Ramos‐Arroyo Maria A. , Nieva Beatriz , Menten Björn , Loeys Bart , Mortier Geert , Wieczorek Dagmar 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMicrodeletions of the 2q31.1 region are rare. We present the clinical and molecular findings of eight previously unreported patients with overlapping deletions in 2q31.1. The patients have a variable clinical phenotype and present with developmental delay (7/8), growth retardation (5/8), seizures (2/8) and a craniofacial dysmorphism consisting of microcephaly (4/8), short palpebral fissures (7/8), broad eyebrows with lateral flare (7/8), low‐set ears with thickened helices and lobules (5/8), and micrognathia (6/8). Additional congenital anomalies were noted, including limb abnormalities (8/8), heart defects (3/8), genital anomalies (3/8), and craniosynostosis (1/8). Six of these microdeletions, ranging in size from 1.24 to 8.35 Mb, were identified by array CGH, one larger deletion (19.7 Mb) was detected by conventional karyotyping and further characterized by array CGH analysis. The smallest region of overlap in all eight patients spans at most 88 kb and includes only the WIPF1 gene. This gene codes for the WAS/WASL interacting protein family member 1. The patients described here do not present with clinical signs of the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome and the deletion of this single gene does not allow explaining the phenotype in our patients. It is likely that the deletion of different but overlapping sets of genes from 2q31 is responsible for the clinical variability in these patients. To further dissect the complex phenotype associated with deletions in 2q31, additional patients with overlapping phenotypes should be examined with array CGH. This should help to link particular phenotypes to specific genes, and add to our understanding of the underlying developmental processes. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome with improvement of renal function
Authors: Ferrara P. , Del Bufalo F. , Nicoletti A. , Romano V. , Gatto A. , Leoni C. , Zampino G. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a chromosomal disorder characterized by partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4. We describe a girl with a de novo unbalanced traslocation t(4;7)(p16.2;p22), associated with a mild version of a classical WHS phenotype. She did not present major urinary tract abnormalities but had parenchymal hyperechogenicity at renal ultrasound at the birth with normal renal scintigraphy. She had also a reduction of GFR with elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum potassium until the age of 6 months. We followed the patient with periodic clinical examination and laboratory and radiological investigations and observed at the age of 5 years a normal renal ultrasound without parenchymal hyperechogenicity. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A t(7;12) balanced translocation with breakpoints overlapping those of the Williams–Beuren and 12q14 microdeletion syndromes
Authors: Gimelli Stefania , Chrast Jacqueline , Baban Anwar , Henrichsen Charlotte N. , Lerone Margherita , Zuffardi Orsetta , Gimelli Giorgio , Reymond Alexandre 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe molecular characterization of balanced chromosomal rearrangements have always been of advantage in identifying disease‐causing genes. Here, we describe the breakpoint mapping of a de novo balanced translocation t(7;12)(q11.22;q14.2) in a patient presenting with a failure to thrive associated with moderate mental retardation, facial anomalies, and chronic constipation. The localization of the breakpoints and the co‐occurrence of Williams–Beuren syndrome and 12q14 microdeletion syndrome phenotypes suggested that the expression of some of the dosage‐sensitive genes of these two segmental aneuploidies were modified in cells of the proposita. However, we were unable to identify chromosomes 7 and/or 12‐mapping genes that showed disturbed expression in the lymphoblastoids of the proposita. This case showed that position‐effect might operate in some tissues, but not in others. It also illustrates the overlap of phenotypes presented by patients with the recently described 12q14 structural rearrangements. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutation of CANT1 causes Desbuquois dysplasia
Authors: Faden Maha , Al‐Zahrani Fatema , Arafah Dia , Alkuraya Fowzan S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDesbuquois dysplasia is an autosomal recessive dysplasia characterized by severe growth restriction and distinct hand and proximal femur appearance in addition to cognitive impairment. The critical interval for this disease has been mapped to 17q25.3 using homozygosity mapping. We have identified a newborn with classical features of the disease whose parents are first cousins. Assuming genetic homogeneity of this disorder, we were able to narrow the critical interval to a region that only contained 10 annotated genes by combining the results of our homozygosity mapping with those of others. Serial sequencing of the genes contained within the interval revealed a 5 bp duplication in Calcium‐Activated Nucleotidase 1 gene (CANT1), consistent with the very recent report by Huber et al. [Huber et al. (2009); Am J Hum Genet 85:706–710]. This report cements the role of CANT1 in the causation of this dysplasia and demonstrates the high value of even single cases in the setting of genetically homogeneous disorders when homozygosity mapping is used. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of paramagnetic hybrid inorganic/organic thin films
Authors: Bhushan Abhinav , Han Huilan , Sutherland Alex , Boehme Stefanie , Yaghmaie Frank , Davis Cristina E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThere is a growing interest in developing advanced materials for thin film applications in biology, electronics, photonics and engineering. We report the development of hybrid inorganic/organic thin films containing nickel, iron and cobalt paramagnetic materials. By etching the resist in oxygen plasma after processing, most of the organic component of the resist was removed. The elemental chemical composition of the films was confirmed by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. This process can potentially lead to patterning paramagnetic thin films containing paramagnetic materials by following standard photolithography protocols, obviating the need for a wet or vacuum metal deposition. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of molecular weight and degree of acetylation on the release of nitric oxide from chitosan‐nitric oxide adducts
Authors: Wan Ajun , Gao Qun , Li Huili 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA series of chitosans with different molecular weights and degrees of acetylation (DAs) are reacted with nitric oxide (NO) to form [NONO]− groups. The effects of molecular weight and DA on NO release are investigated by Griess assay. Heterogeneous reaction of NH2 groups of chitosan with NO was shown to be influenced greatly by the crystalline form of chitosan. Total NO release exhibited a bell‐shaped distribution at different DAs ranging from 6 to 95%, peaking at about 50%. When DA is held constant, total NO release is directly proportional to the molecular weight. X‐ray diffraction patterns indicate that the total NO release of chitosan‐NO adducts is in general agreement with the intensity of reflections at low Bragg angles (2θ = 8.6°–11.1°), and in turn, a relaxed hydration crystalline form and NO molecules could penetrate this crystal and react with the chitosan molecules. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Selective laser sintering of polyamide 12/potassium titanium whisker composites
Authors: Yang Jinsong , Shi Yusheng , Yan Chunze 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe excellent performance of potassium titanium whiskers (PTWs) reinforced plastics has been recognized; however, because of their large length‐to‐diameter ratio, they have not been applied in selective laser sintering (SLS). This article reports a new method for preparing polyamide 12 (PA12)/PTWs composite (PPC) powders for applications in SLS that uses a dissolution–precipitation process. The characteristics of the powders were evaluated. The results indicated that when the PTWs content of the composites was low (<10 wt %), the shape of the powder became more regular, and the particle diameter distribution became narrower. The crystallinity of PPC was 13 wt % higher than that of PA12. The sintering characteristics and mechanical properties of PA12 powder, glass‐filled PA12 (GF–PA), and PPCs were compared. The results showed that the sintering characteristics of PPCs (10 or 20 wt % PTWs) were as good as those of PA12. The mechanical properties were greatly improved by PTWs. The maximum tensile strength, bending strength, and bending modulus of the composites containing 20 wt % PTW were 68.3 MPa, 110.9 MPa, and 2.83 GPa, respectively, and were much higher than those of PA12 and GF–PA. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The thermoresponsive shape memory characteristics of polyurethane foam
Authors: Chung Seung Eun , Park Chung Hee 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop a protective and thermally intelligent filler by optimizing the preparing conditions and the thermoresponsive property of PU foam. The specimens were polyurethane synthesized by a one step process with 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polycaprolactone and 1,4‐butanediol. After dissolving the polyurethane in tetrahydrofuran, the polyurethane foam was manufactured by the salt leaching method. The appearance, compressive property, and thermal property of the manufactured foam as well as the shape memory effects were evaluated. In addition, air and water vapor permeabilities and the thermal insulation property were measured to examine the basic properties of the foam. The cell sizes of the completed foam were distributed in the range of 400–1,000 μm. The compressive stress of the foam was low in the initial compressive strain but increased dramatically above a compressive strain of 70%. However, the foam showed a very low capacity for compressive stress compared with an electrospun web or a film manufactured by using the identical shape memory polyurethane. The transition temperature of the foam was 30°C. The shape recovery and shape retention were 98% or higher. The foam, with a porous structure, was found to be generally good in both air and water vapor permeability. In the case of the foam that maintained its compressed shape below the transition temperature, these permeabilities of the foam decreased slightly, but not significantly. Because of the porous structure of the foam, the shape memory effect did not noticeably influence the permeability change with a change in temperature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Working mechanism of poly(vinyl alcohol) cement fluid loss additive
Authors: Plank Johann , Dugonjić‐Bilić Fatima , Lummer Nils Recalde , Taye Salami 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe working mechanism of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, Mw ∼ 200,000 g mol−1), a fluid loss control additive (FLA) applied in oil well cementing, was investigated. First, characteristic properties of PVA such as solubility and particle size in cold and hot water, minimum film forming temperature, adsorption on cement, viscosity of cement pore solution and static filtration properties of cement slurries treated with PVA were determined. It was found that the working mechanism of PVA relies on hydrated, but water‐insoluble PVA particles (d50 ∼ 2.4 μm). During cement slurry filtration, they coalesce into a polymer film. This film effectively plugs the pores of the cement filter cake. The sample studied here becomes water‐soluble at temperatures > 40°C (d50 decreases to ∼50 nm) and looses its effectiveness. Addition of highly anionic dispersants such as ß‐naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde (BNS) or acetone formaldehyde sulfite (AFS) polycondensate extends the temperature range at which PVA works from 40°C to ∼60°C. This effect is ascribed to lower solubility of PVA in the presence of these dispersants. The study reveals that decreased performance of PVA caused by higher temperatures is not the result of thermal degradation of the polymer, but is owed to its increasing water‐solubility. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Specific rebinding property of protein macromolecularly imprinted polymer microspheres based on calcium alginate hydrogel via gas jetting‐dropping method
Authors: Ying Xiaoguang , Cheng Guoxiang , Liu Guipei , Qu Rongjun , Wang Yueqiang , Zhang Liguang 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAlginate hydrogel polymer microspheres are usually prepared by inverse suspending method. The main problem is the remained suspending medium and surfactant on the beads. Syringe dropping or extruding method avoids using of the organic solvents. However, it is difficult to control the particle dimension and produce in large quantity. We have developed a new method called nitrogen gas jetting‐dropping (GJD) method for the preparation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) imprinted polymer microspheres based on calcium alginate hydrogel. The microspheres can be produced continuously without using any hydrophobic medium or surfactant. The particle diameter is controlled by adjusting pressure and needle dimension. BSA‐imprinted alginate microspheres were prepared by the GJD method and the rebinding tests were investigated. The equilibrium rebinding capacity ranged from 0.01 to 0.014 μmol/g. The imprinting efficiency towards BSA was from 1.46 to 2.17 with the greatest separation factor of 1.523 against a contrastive template ovalbumin (OVA). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Molecularly imprinted fluorescent polymers as chemosensors for the detection of mercury ions in aqueous media
Authors: Güney Orhan , Cebeci Fevzi Ç. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article describes the investigation of molecularly imprinted fluorescent polymer membranes as sensing receptors for Hg2+ detection by an optical approach. The polymers were synthesized with 4‐vinylpyridine as a functional monomer and Hg2+ as a template; 9‐vinylcarbazole was used as both a complex‐forming agent and a fluorescence probe. The free‐radical polymerization was performed within a semicylindrical Teflon mold and was initiated by 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile at 60°C. The template, ion‐bonded to pyridine and carbazole groups in the polymer membrane, was removed by acid treatment. Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic measurements and scanning electron microscopy images were used to compare the chemistry and surface morphology, respectively, of both imprinted and nonimprinted polymer materials. The final polymer membranes with semicylindrical shapes were used directly to determine Hg2+ concentration in aqueous solutions by the monitoring of the fluorescence intensity of the carbazole groups quenched upon complex formation with metal ions. The values of the Hg2+ binding ratio for the imprinted and nonimprinted polymeric membranes were compared, and the results indicate the superior sensitivity and selectivity of the imprinted membranes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Chitosan/alginate nanoparticles stabilized by poloxamer for the controlled release of 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: Xing Jinfeng , Deng Liandong , Dong Anjie 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study, stable 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐loaded chitosan (CS)/alginate (Alg) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared with poloxamer as a surfactant. The effects of the Alg concentration, CS/Alg weight ratio, and poloxamer concentration on the properties of the 5‐FU‐loaded CS/Alg NPs were studied. The results of dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy indicated that stable 5‐FU‐loaded CS/Alg NPs of around 200 nm with low‐size polydispersities were achieved. Furthermore, the in vitro release of the 5‐FU‐loaded CS/Alg NPs was investigated in phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4. The results show that the encapsulation efficiency of 5‐FU depended on the drug feeding amount (DFA), poloxamer concentration, Alg concentration, and CS concentration. However, the in vitro release rate of the 5‐FU‐loaded CS/Alg NPs was only related to the DFA, Alg concentration, and CS concentration and was independent of the poloxamer concentration. The time of 5‐FU release from the CS/Alg NPs could becontrolled to be sustained for more than 12 h. According to this study, CS/Alg NPs stabilized by poloxamer could serve as a suitable candidate for the controlled release of 5‐FU. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Degradation kinetics of poly(HDDA‐co‐MMA)
Authors: Goswami Ankur , Umarji A. M. , Madras Giridhar 
Published: April 2010

Abstract1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were copolymerized in different weight ratios using UV light induced photo‐polymerization to give poly(HDDA‐co‐MMA). Differential scanning calorimetry shows that copolymer was formed. The thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric studies with different heating rates were carried out on these copolymers to understand the nature of degradation and to determine its kinetics. Different kinetic models were adopted to evaluate various parameters like the activation energy, the order, and the frequency factor. These analyses are important to study the binder removal from 3D‐shaped ceramic objects made by techniques like Solid free form fabrication. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Pervaporation separation of isopropanol/benzene mixtures using inorganic–organic hybrid membranes
Authors: Liu Junsheng , Ma Yue , Hu Keyan , He Hongmei , Shao Guoquan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA series of pervaporation hybrid membranes were prepared from polyethylene glycol (PEG) and phenylaminomethyl trimethoxysilane (PAMTMS) based on the sol‐gel process, in which PEG was used as an organic moiety to improve the affinity for organic alcohols and silicone of PAMTMS was used as inorganic moiety to increase the permeation flux of organic species. Their application to separate isopropanol/benzene mixtures was investigated. FTIR spectra confirmed the reaction products. DSC measurement revealed that the influence of PEG content on the Tg and thermal behavior of membranes A, B, and C. FE‐SEM images exhibited that phase‐separated structure has occurred when the PEG content elevated to some extent. Pervaporation experiments showed that the permeation flux increased and the separation factor decreased with an increase in isopropanol (IPA) content in feed at 30°C. Meanwhile, the separation factor increased with an increase in feed temperature at 60 vol % IPA content. Moreover, it was found that the permeation flux was independent of the feed temperature, suggesting that feed temperature has little impact on the thermal motion of polymer chains. The increasing cross‐linking degree in hybrid matrix might be responsible for such trend. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that these pervaporation hybrid membranes have potential applications in the separation of isopropanol/benzene binary mixtures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Spirituality, mental health and the new physics
Authors: Shelton Charlotte 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article explores the integration of science and spirituality and the impact of this integration on the field of mental health. The article describes how universal spiritual principles are increasingly validated by scientific research in the areas of quantum physics and chaos theory. The author discusses the implications of the shifting scientific world‐view for traditional psychological theories and presents a quantum skill set that integrates the new sciences with timeless spiritual principles and widely accepted mental health practices. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histomorphology of the Penis Bone (Baculum) in the Gray Long‐Eared Bat Plecotus austriacus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)
Authors: Herdina Anna Nele , Herzig‐Straschil Barbara , Hilgers Helge , Metscher Brian D. , Plenk Hanns 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFor the first time, the histomorphology of the penis bone of a bat (Plecotus austriacus) was examined in detail. From Plecotus austriacus, 14 whole penes and 11 isolated bacula were studied and compared to bacula of Plecotus auritus and Plecotus macrobullaris. The baculum was located on specimen microradiographs and in micro‐CT images in the tip of the penis. Using serial semithin sections and surface‐stained, undecalcified ground sections, the types of bone and other tissues constituting the baculum were examined by light microscopy. 3D reconstructions were generated from the serial semithin sections and from micro‐CT images. The shaft and the proximal branches of the Y‐shaped baculum form a tubular bone around a medullary cavity. Since the small diameter of this channel and the main lamellar bone around it resemble a Haversian canal, the baculum is equivalent to a single‐osteon bone. Several oblique nutrient canals enter this medullary cavity in the shaft and branches. All ends of the baculum consist predominantly of woven bone. The collagen fiber bundles of the tunica albuginea of both corpora cavernosa insert via fibrocartilage into the woven bone of the branches. Thus, the microscopic structures support the hypothesis that the baculum functions as a stiffening element in the erect penis. In this study, several microscopic imaging techniques were evaluated for displaying the microscopic structures of the baculum. Specimen microradiography, but especially micro‐CT proved to be suitable nondestructive methods for accurate and reproducible demonstration and comparison of the three‐dimensional structures of the baculum in different bat species. Anat Rec 293:1248–1258, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.