bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin SWNT Films with Tunable, Anisotropic Transport Properties
Authors: Li Bo , Jung Hyun Young , Wang Hailong , Kim Young Lae , Kim Taehoon , Hahm Myung Gwan , Busnaina Ahmed , Upmanyu Moneesh , Jung Yung Joon 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDirectional transport properties at the nanoscale remain a challenge, primarily due to issues pertaining to control over the underlying anisotropy and scalability to macroscopic scales. Here, we develop a facile approach based on template‐guided fluidic assembly of high mobility building blocks – single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) – to fabricate ultrathin and anisotropic SWNTs films. A major advancement is the complete control over the anisotropy in the assembled nanostructure, realized by three‐dimensional engineering of the dip‐coated SWNTs ultrathin film into alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic microline patterns with prescribed intra/inter‐line widths and line thicknesses. Variations in the contact line profile results in an evaporation‐controlled assembly mechanism that leads to alternating, and more importantly, contiguous SWNTs networks. Evidently, the nanoscopic thickness modulations are direct reflections of the substrate geometry and chemistry. The nanostructured film exhibits significant anisotropy in electrical and thermal transport properties as well as an optically transparent nature, as revealed by characterization studies. The direct interplay between the anisotropy and the 3D microline patterns of the substrate combined with the wafer‐level scalability of the fluidic assembly allows us to tune the transport properties for a host of nanoelectronic applications.
Nanoscale Characterization of Energy Generation from Piezoelectric Thin Films
Authors: Bhaskaran Madhu , Sriram Sharath , Ruffell Simon , Mitchell Arnan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe report on the use of nanoindentation to characterize in situ the voltage and current generation of piezoelectric thin films. This work presents the controlled observation of nanoscale piezoelectric voltage and current generation, allowing accurate quantification and mapping of force function variations. We characterize both continuous thin films and lithographically patterned nano­islands with constrained interaction area. The influence of size on energy generation parameters is reported, demonstrating that nanoislands can exhibit more effective current generation than continuous films. This quantitative finding suggests that further research into the impact of nanoscale patterning of piezoelectric thin films may yield an improved materials platform for integrated microscale energy scavenging systems.
Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics Based on Carboxylated Polythiophenes and PCBM on Glass and Plastic Substrates
Authors: Worfolk Brian J. , Rider David A. , Elias Anastasia L. , Thomas Michael , Harris Kenneth D. , Buriak Jillian M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe optoelectronic and photophysical properties of four regioregular poly[3‐(carboxyalkyl)thiophene‐2,5‐diyl] (P3CAT) with different carboxyalkyl chain lengths (propyl to hexyl) are reported. Each P3CAT is combined with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester to form the photoactive bulk heterojunction layer for organic photovoltaic devices. The extent of hydrogen bonding and polymer crystallinity in the films has been determined through infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The mechanical properties of films are analyzed with nanoindentation, and the measurements suggest that P3CATs are suitable for use in flexible devices. Power conversion efficiencies of up to 2.6% and 1.6% are obtained for devices fabricated in air, and supported on glass and flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrates, respectively.
Organic Electronics: Non‐conventional Processing and Post‐processing Methods for the Nanostructuring of Conjugated Materials for Organic Electronics (Adv. Funct. Mater. 7/2011)
Authors: De Luca Giovanna , Pisula Wojciech , Credgington Dan , Treossi Emanuele , Fenwick Oliver , Lazzerini Giovanni Mattia , Dabirian Reza , Orgiu Emanuele , Liscio Andrea , Palermo Vincenzo , Müllen Klaus , Cacialli Franco , Samorì Paolo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn the search for new ways to combine the appealing simplicity of solution processing methods and the need for a high performance of the active layer of organic (opto)electronic devices, the possibilities given by the joint use of well‐established casting techniques and post‐treatment procedures are explored, as well as new and unconventional deposition protocols to tailor self‐assembled architectures with a high degree of order at different length scales, from the subnanometer up to the macroscopic scale. In fact, even the same organic molecule can give rise to different molecular architectures which, in turn, may offer the possibility to exploit a large variety of new functionalities of the deposited materials, paving the way towards the fabrication multifunctional organic‐based devices.
Rigorous modeling of the kinetics of calcium carbonate deposit formation
Authors: Segev Raviv , Hasson David , Semiat Raphael 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe complexity of CaCO3 deposit formation on a flow surface arises from the need to take into account the multicomponent transport of all ionic species involved in the carbonic system. Several semitheoretical and empirical models are available. This article presents a rigorous kinetic model that takes into account the diffusional transport of all species involved in CaCO3 wall deposition under turbulent flow as well as the kinetics of the CaCO3 crystallization reaction. Conditions under which high‐ and low‐pH simplified expressions may be used are evaluated. It is shown that the simplified precipitation rate equations provide results within 10% of the rigorous solution when the high‐pH expression is applied for solutions at pH levels above 9.5, and the low‐pH expression is applied for solutions at pH levels below 7.6. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
CFD simulation of gas and solids mixing in FCC strippers
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Lan Xingying , Xu Chunming , Wang Gang , Gao Jinsen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe gas and solid mixing in fluid catalytic cracking strippers with and without internals were investigated using computational fluid dynamics simulations. The Eulerian–Eulerian two‐fluid model coupled with the modified Gidaspow drag model was used to simulate the gas‐solid flow behavior. The grid independency study and the comparison of 2D and 3D simulations were carried out first. The residence time distribution model and axial dispersion model were utilized to obtain the parameters indicating the back‐mixing degree, such as mean residence time, dimensionless variance and Peclet number of gas and solids. Moreover, the influence of bubble size and gas/solid flow distribution on the mass transfer between the bubble and emulsion phase were also analyzed. The results show that the baffles in the V‐baffle stripper can efficiently enhance the gas and solids mixing, reduce the back‐mixing degree of gas and solids, strengthen the mass transfer between the bubble and emulsion phase, and hence improve the stripping efficiency. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Obtaining protein solvent accessible surface area when structural data is unavailable using osmotic pressure
Authors: Mc Bride Devin W. , Rodgers V. G. J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHere, we provide an algorithm that predicts solvent accessible surface area (SASA) using concentrated solution osmotic pressure data. Sheep hemoglobin monomer and β‐lactoglobulin are used for verification. Additionally, SASA for structurally unknown calf lens α‐crystallin aggregate is predicted. Using osmotic pressure data, the predicted SASA value for sheep hemoglobin, 22,398 ± 1,244 Å2, was in excellent agreement with computational model predictions (24,304 Å2‐26,100 Å2). Similarly, predicted SASA values for bovine β‐lactoglobulin in pH solutions of pH 5.1, 6.0, and 8.0, were 5,765 ± 1,031 Å2, 6,656 ± 1,082 Å2, and 9,141 ± 1,060 Å2, respectively, were in good agreement with the computationally determined SASA value (7,500 Å2–8,628 Å2). Predicted SASA for the aggregate of calf lens α‐crystallin (800 kDa) was found to be 417,691 ± 16,790 Å2. These results illustrate that this novel method can provide an important experimental alternative in estimating SASA for proteins and, possibly, their complexes in solution. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
The role of 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Authors: Banwait Ranjit , O'Regan Kevin , Campigotto Federico , Harris Brianna , Yarar Dilek , Bagshaw Meghan , Leleu Xavier , Leduc Renee , Ramaiya Nikhil , Weller Edie , Ghobrial Irene M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDisease assessment in WM is dependent on the quantification of the IgM monoclonal protein and percent involvement of the bone marrow. There is a need for imaging studies that objectively measure tumor load in these patients. In this study, we sought to examine the role of combined FDG‐PET/CT imaging in the detection of tumor load and in the assessment of response to therapy. Thirty‐five patients were enrolled on a prospective study using bortezomib and rituximab therapy and were included in this study because they completed a pre‐ and post‐treatment FDG‐PET/CT imaging at one facility (12 newly diagnosed and 23 relapsed/refractory). The use of combined FDG‐PET/CT imaging showed positive findings in 83% of patients with WM, unlike prior studies using conventional imaging that indicate that only 20% of patients have lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. Moreover, 43% of patients had abnormal bone marrow uptake on FDG‐PET imaging that can potentially help in the assessment of their tumor load, especially with heterogenous sampling of the bone marrow. There was no statistical correlation between EORTC response criteria for FDG‐PET/CT and response by monoclonal protein. This is the first study to examine the role of FDG‐PET/CT imaging in WM. Future studies should examine the role of FDG‐PET/CT in conjunction with monoclonal protein response in the assessment of progression‐free survival in patients with WM. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biomarkers for early detection of sickle nephropathy
Authors: Sundaram Nambirajan , Bennett Michael , Wilhelm Jamie , Kim Mi‐Ok , Atweh George , Devarajan Prasad , Malik Punam 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRenal complications affect nearly 30–50% of adults with sickle cell anemia (SCA), causing significant morbidity and mortality. Standard renal function tests like serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate become abnormal in this disease only when renal damage has become extensive and largely irreversible. Moreover, not all patients develop sickle nephropathy (SN). Therefore, noninvasive biomarkers that predict early onset of SN are necessary. We performed a cross‐sectional analysis for nephropathy in 116 patients with sickle cell disease, analyzing urinary kidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1), liver‐type fatty acid binding protein (L‐FABP), N‐acetyl‐b‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG), neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β), together with conventional renal biomarkers (urine albumin and osmolality, and serum creatinine and cystatin C estimated GFR) during routine clinic visits when patients were at steady‐state/baseline. We observed a distinct biomarker pattern: KIM‐1 and NAG emerged as biomarkers with a strong association with albuminuria. Surprisingly, and in contrast to other acute/chronic renal disorders, NGAL, L‐FABP, and TGF‐β levels did not show any relationship with albuminuria in patients with SCA. Our study identifies potential biomarkers for SN, and suggests longitudinal validation of these biomarkers for early detection of SN, so that therapeutic interventions can be applied before renal damage becomes irreversible. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of time and intensity of exercise on novel and established markers of CVD in adolescent youth
Authors: Buchan Duncan S. , Ollis Stewart , Young John D. , Thomas Non E. , Cooper Stephen‐Mark , Tong Tom K. , Nie Jinlei , Malina Robert M. , Baker Julien S 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives:This article examines the effects of brief, intense exercise in comparison with traditional endurance exercise on both novel and traditional markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in youth.Methods:Forty seven boys and ten girls (16.4 ± 0.7 years of age) were divided into a moderate (MOD), high intensity (HIT), or a control group. The MOD group (12 boys, 4 girls) and HIT group (15 boys, 2 girls) performed three weekly exercise sessions over 7 weeks. Each session consisted of either four to six repeats of maximal sprint running within a 20 m area with 20–30 s recovery (HIT) or 20 min continuous running within a 20 m area at ∼70% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).Results:Total exercise time commitment over the intervention was 420 min (MOD) and 63 min (HIT). Training volume was 85% lower for the HIT group. Total estimated energy expenditure was ∼907.2 kcal (HIT) and ∼4410 kcal (MOD). Significant improvements (P ≤ 0.05) were found in systolic blood pressure, aerobic fitness, and body mass index (BMI) postintervention (HIT). In the MOD group, significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvements were noted in aerobic fitness, percentage body fat (%BF), BMI, fibrinogen (Fg), plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1, and insulin concentrations.Conclusions:These findings demonstrate that brief, intense exercise is a time efficient means for improving CVD risk factors in adolescents. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Craniometaphyseal dysplasia with severe craniofacial involvement shows homozygosity at 6q21‐22.1 locus
Authors: Prontera Paolo , Rogaia Daniela , Sobacchi Cristina , Tavares Vanessa Luiza Romanelli , Mazzotta Giovanni , Passos‐Bueno Maria Rita , Donti Emilio 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCraniotubular dysplasias (CTD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders of skeletal development, whose clinical and etiological classification is still much debated. One of the most common form is the autosomal dominant craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD) which is associated with mutation in the ANKH gene. In the literature a few families are reported with CMD phenotype that suggest an autosomal recessive (AR) pattern of inheritance. A candidate locus at 6q21‐22 has been mapped in a large inbred Brazilian family, but the gene of the recessive form is still unknown. Our data on a female patient with CMD phenotype, born from healthy first degree cousins and displaying homozygosity for polymorphic markers at the 6q21‐22 locus, further support the existence of an AR CMD, expanding its clinical spectrum to a more severe phenotype. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vestibular dysfunction in DFNB1 deafness
Authors: Dodson Kelley M. , Blanton Susan H , Welch Katherine O , Norris Virginia W , Nuzzo Regina L , Wegelin Jacob A. , Marin Ruth S , Nance Walter E , Pandya Arti , Arnos Kathleen S 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMutations of GJB2 and GJB6 (connexin‐26 and 30) at the DFNB1 locus are the most common cause of autosomal recessive, nonsyndromic deafness. Despite their widespread expression throughout the vestibular system, vestibular dysfunction has not been widely recognized as a commonly associated clinical feature. The observations of vertigo accompanying DFNB1 deafness in several large families prompted our hypothesis that vestibular dysfunction may be an integral, but often overlooked, component of DFNB1 deafness. Our aim was to define the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction in Cases of DFNB1 deafness and Controls with other forms of deafness. We developed and used a survey to assess symptoms of vestibular dysfunction, medical, and family history was distributed to Cases with deafness due to pathogenic GJB2 and/or GJB6 mutations and deaf Controls without DFNB1 deafness. Our results showed: Surveys were returned by 235/515 Cases (46%) with DFNB1 mutations and 121/321 Controls (38%) without these mutations. The mean age of Cases (41) was younger than Controls (51; P < 0.001). Vestibular dysfunction was reported by 127 (54%) of Cases and was present at significantly higher rates in Cases than in deaf Controls without DFNB1 deafness (P < 0.03). Most (63%) had to lie down in order for vertigo to subside, and 48% reported that vertigo interfered with activities of daily living. Vertigo was reported by significantly more Cases with truncating than non‐truncating mutations and was also associated with a family history of dizziness. We conclude that vestibular dysfunction appears to be more common in DFNB1 deafness than previously recognized and affects activities of daily living in many patients. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From VACTERL‐H to heterotaxy: Variable expressivity of ZIC3—related disorders
Authors: Chung Brian , Shaffer Lisa G. , Keating Sarah , Johnson Joan , Casey Bret , Chitayat David 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe ZIC3 gene encodes a zinc finger protein which functions as a transcription factor in early stages of left‐right body axis formation. Mutations in this X‐linked gene cause a variety of clinical manifestations including heterotaxy, complex or isolated heart defect as well as other midline urogenital and hindgut malformations. We report a four generation family with X‐linked heterotaxy associated with a deletion of the ZIC3 gene at Xq26.3. The index fetus of our proband showed classical features of heterotaxy while her maternal uncle and one brother had imperforate anus and her other brother had features suggestive of VACTERL‐H without heterotaxy. A 1.4 Mb deletion in Xq26.3 including the ZIC3 gene was found in the fetus. Six females in the family were found to be asymptomatic carriers. Our report indicates that some of the cases with VACTERL‐H syndrome may be caused by a mutation or deletion of the ZIC3 gene. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PTPN11 gene mutation associated with abnormal gonadal determination
Authors: Jain Ghai Shailly , Keating Sarah , Chitayat David 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGermline mutations in thePTPN11gene have been associated with Noonan syndrome (NS) and LEOPARD syndrome. Both germline and somatic mutations in this gene have been reported in association with malignancies. However, theT507Kmutation in thePTPN11gene, has only been reported in malignancies and in a fetus with hydrops fetalis but not in a live patient with NS. We report the autopsy findings in a fetus with theT507Kmutation who presented prenatally with hydrops fetalis, cystic hygroma and 46, XX karyotype. On autopsy, the patient was found to have testes, male external genitalia, but absent Wolffian ducts. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiology of Ebstein anomaly: Prevalence and patterns in Texas, 1999–2005
Authors: Lupo Philip J. , Langlois Peter H. , Mitchell Laura E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEbstein anomaly is a rare but serious cardiac defect, however, little is known about the etiology of this condition. The goal of this study was to expand our limited understanding of the epidemiology of Ebstein anomaly. Data for cases with Ebstein anomaly, as well as all live births, were obtained from the Texas Birth Defects Registry (TBDR) and Center for Health Statistics for the period 1999–2005. Descriptive analyses and estimates of birth prevalence and crude prevalence ratios were used to characterize this defect in Texas during the study period. There were 188 definite cases of Ebstein anomaly identified in the TBDR. The overall prevalence was 0.72 per 10,000 live births. Variables associated with an increased prevalence of non‐syndromic Ebstein anomaly included: maternal age >39 years (compared to those 20–24 years), maternal residence along the Texas–Mexico border (compared to non‐border residence), and conception in fall or winter (compared to summer). In addition, infants with Ebstein anomaly were at a greater risk of preterm birth and being small for gestational age. These findings help to define subgroups of women at increased risk of having offspring affected by Ebstein anomaly. Furthermore, our findings add to the limited body of literature on this rare but serious malformation. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ambiguous genitalia, microcephaly, seizures, bone malformations, and early death: A distinct MCA/MR syndrome
Authors: Mégarbané André , Chouery Eliane , Mignon‐Ravix Cécile , El Sabbagh Sandra , Corbani Sandra , Ghoch Joelle Abou , Jalkh Nadine , Mehawej Cybel , Lévy Nicolas , Villard Laurent 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe report on two siblings with hypotonia, ambiguous genitalia, microcephaly, ptosis, microretrognathia, thin lips, seizures, absent ossification of pubic rami, and brain abnormalities at the MRI. The two siblings died at 5 and 8 months, respectively. Molecular analysis indicated that SOX9, ARX, and DHCR7 genes were normal. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)‐array analysis performed on the younger boy indicated two notable deletions, one on paternally inherited chromosome 4, and one on maternally inherited chromosome 5. The same deletions were found in a normal sister. Differential diagnoses and the possibility of a hitherto unreported syndrome are discussed. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
der(4)t(Y;4): Three‐generation transmission and sperm meiotic segregation analysis
Authors: Vozdova Miluse , Horinova Vera , Wernerova Vendula , Skalikova Romana , Rybar Roman , Prinosilova Petra , Oracova Eva , Rubes Jiri 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe present a family where five members (three males and two females) are carriers of der(4)t(Y;4)(q11.23;p16.3). The adult carriers are phenotypicaly normal and fertile; the boy shows macrocephaly, psychomotor retardation, and atypical autism. The FISH on cultured lymphocytes confirmed that the redundant Yq heterochromatin was attached to the 4p‐subtelomeric region maintained on the der(4). Sperm FISH analysis performed in a normospermic der(4) carrier showed a significant distortion of the expected 1:1 ratio of the X‐ and Y‐bearing spermatozoa in favor of the X chromosome and significant lack of Y,der(4)spermatozoa. The overall lack of Y spermatozoa was not balanced even by a relative excess of Y,4 sperm. The analysis of X, Y, 7, 8, 18, and 21 sperm disomy and diploidy did not indicate any interchromosomal effect. The chromosome 4 disomy was significantly increased but still very low to be of considerable reproductive significance. The neurodevelomental phenotype of the boy was probably caused by a gene mutation. The coincidental occurrence of such chromosomal aberration and boy's phenotype might lead to misinterpretation of the causal relationship between these findings. It is necessary to consider the results of chromosomal analysis and clinical records of relatives for provide genetic counseling in such families. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.