bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Ridge Preservation by Bone Mineral Bound With Collagen‐Binding Synthetic Oligopeptide: A Clinical and Histologic Study in Humans
Authors: Nam Hyun‐Wook , Park Jun‐Beom , Lee Jue Yeon , Rhee Sang‐Hoon , Lee Sang‐Chul , Koo Ki‐Tae , Kim Tae‐Il , Seol Yang‐Jo , Lee Yong‐Moo , Ku Young , Rhyu In‐Chul , Park Yoon‐Jeong , Chung Chong Pyoung 
Published: October 2010

Background: The ridge‐preservation technique has been applied with membrane alone or membrane plus graft. Synthetic peptides, mimicking bioactive growth factor or extracellular matrix protein, have been attempted to provide an active surface of the biomaterials in inducing bone formation while alleviating the limitations of whole protein such as short half‐life, immunologic responses. The aim of the present clinical study is to examine the osteogenic effect of synthetic oligopeptide–coated bone mineral compared to bone graft without peptide when applied with collagen membrane in a ridge‐preservation technique.Methods: Synthetic oligopeptide from the collagen‐binding domain of osteopontin was chemically synthesized and coated onto the surface of bone mineral particulates. Ridge preservations were performed at 44 extraction sites in 42 patients (20 males and 22 females). Analyses of clinical parameters and histomorphometric evaluations were conducted to compare the osteogenic effects of the grafts between baseline and 6 months.Results: In the bone grafts of the control group treated without synthetic peptide, new bone formation was only seen around borders and basal areas. However, new bone was observed broadly in the defects of the test group treated with synthetic peptide–coated bone mineral, as seen not only at peripheries but also in the central and coronal parts of bone cores in the defects. The average percentage of new bone formation was significantly higher in the test group (5.3% ± 8.3% versus 10.4% ± 4.6%). The contact percentages between the graft particles and the new bone were 8.2% ± 11.3% for the control group and 20.4% ± 7.5% for the test group (P <0.05).Conclusions: The ridge‐preservation approach using synthetic oligopeptide–coated bone mineral with collagen membrane effectively prevented the resorption of hard tissue with higher bone‐to‐graft contact, and the oligopeptide‐coated bone may be a choice for ridge‐preservation procedures while assuring new bone formation.
The Effect of Low‐Level Laser Therapy as an Adjunct to Non‐Surgical Periodontal Treatment
Authors: Aykol Gokce , Baser Ulku , Maden Ilay , Kazak Zafer , Onan Utku , Tanrikulu‐Kucuk Sevda , Ademoglu Evin , Issever Halim , Yalcin Funda 
Published: October 2010

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal therapy of smoking and non‐smoking patients with moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis.Methods: All 36 systemically healthy patients who were included in the study initially received non‐surgical periodontal therapy. The LLLT group (n = 18) received GaAlAs diode laser therapy as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal therapy. A diode laser with a wavelength of 808 nm was used for the LLLT. Energy density of 4 J/cm2 was applied to the gingival surface after periodontal treatment on the first, second, and seventh days. Each of the LLLT and control groups was divided into two groups as smoking and non‐smoking patients to investigate the effect of smoking on treatment. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from all patients and clinical parameters were recorded on baseline, the first, third, and sixth months after treatment. Matrix metalloproteinase‐1, tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase‐1, transforming growth factor‐β1, and basic‐fibroblast growth factor levels in the collected gingival crevicular fluid were measured.Results: The primary outcome variable in this study was change in gingival bleeding and inflammation. At all time points, the LLLT group showed significantly more improvement in sulcus bleeding index (SBI), clinical attachment level, and probing depth (PD) levels compared to the control group (P <0.001). There were clinically significant improvements in the laser‐applied smokers' PD and SBI levels compared to smokers to whom a laser was not applied, between the baseline and all time points (P <0.001) (SBI score: control group 1.12, LLLT group 1.49; PD: control group 1.21 mm, LLLT group 1.46 mm, between baseline and 6 months). Transforming growth factor‐β1 levels and the ratio of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 to tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase‐1 decreased significantly in both groups at 1, 3, and 6 months after periodontal therapy (P <0.001). Basic‐fibroblast growth factor levels significantly decreased in both groups in the first month after the treatment, then increased in the third and sixth months (P <0.005). No marker level change showed significant differences between the groups (P <0.05).Conclusion: LLLT as an adjunctive therapy to non‐surgical periodontal treatment improves periodontal healing.
Vascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kurella Tamura Manjula , Xie Dawei , Yaffe Kristine , Cohen Debbie L. , Teal Valerie , Kasner Scott E. , Messé Steven R. , Sehgal Ashwini R. , Kusek John , DeSalvo Karen B. , Cornish-Zirker Denise , Cohan Janet , Seliger Stephen L. , Chertow Glenn M. , Go Alan S. 
Published: October 2010

Summary

Background and objectives
Cognitive impairment is common among persons with chronic kidney disease, but the extent to which nontraditional vascular risk factors mediate this association is unclear.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted cross-sectional analyses of baseline data collected from adults with chronic kidney disease participating in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study. Cognitive impairment was defined as a Modified Mini-Mental State Exam score >1 SD below the mean score.

Results
Among 3591 participants, the mean age was 58.2 ± 11.0 years, and the mean estimated GFR (eGFR) was 43.4 ± 13.5 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Cognitive impairment was present in 13%. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, prevalent vascular disease (stroke, coronary artery disease, and peripheral arterial disease) and traditional vascular risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and elevated cholesterol), an eGFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was associated with a 47% increased odds of cognitive impairment (odds ratio 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.05, 2.05) relative to those with an eGFR 45 to 59 ml/min per 1.73 m2. This association was attenuated and no longer significant after adjustment for hemoglobin concentration. While other nontraditional vascular risk factors including C-reactive protein, homocysteine, serum albumin, and albuminuria were correlated with cognitive impairment in unadjusted analyses, they were not significantly associated with cognitive impairment after adjustment for eGFR and other confounders.

Conclusions
The prevalence of cognitive impairment was higher among those with lower eGFR, independent of traditional vascular risk factors. This association may be explained in part by anemia.
Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) Deacetylation by Physical Activity
Authors: Li Ling , Pan Ruping , Li Rong , Niemann Bernd , Aurich Anne-Cathleen , Chen Ying , Rohrbach Susanne 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE
Transcriptional peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) plays a key role in mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism and is suggested to be involved in the exercise-induced increase in mitochondrial content. PGC-1α activity is regulated by posttranslational modifications, among them acetylation or phosphorylation. Accordingly, the deacetylase SIRT1 and the kinase AMPK increase PGC-1α activity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We tested whether chronic treadmill exercise or a single exercise session modifies PGC-1α activation and mitochondrial biogenesis differentially in obese ob/ob mice with dysregulated adiponectin/leptin-mediated AMPK activation compared with C57BL/6J wild-type mice.

RESULTS
Exercise training (12 weeks) induced adiponectin and lowered plasma insulin and glucose, suggesting improved insulin sensitivity in wild-type mice. It enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis in red gastrocnemius muscle, as indicated by increased mRNA expression of transcriptional regulators and primary mitochondrial transcripts, increased mtDNA content, and citrate synthase activity. Parallel to this, we observed AMPK activation, PGC-1α deacetylation, and SIRT1 induction in trained wild-type mice. Although none of these exercise-induced changes were detected in ob/ob mice, comparable effects on mitochondrial respiration were observed. A single exercise session resulted in comparable changes in wild-type mice. These changes remained detectable 6 h after the exercise session but had disappeared after 24 h. Treatment of C2C12 myoblasts with leptin or adiponectin resulted in increased AMPK phosphorylation and PGC-1α deacetylation.

CONCLUSIONS
Chronic exercise induces mitochondrial biogenesis in wild-type mice, which may require intact AMPK activation by adipocytokines and involve SIRT1-dependent PGC-1α deacetylation. Trained ob/ob mice appear to have partially adapted to reduced mitochondrial biogenesis by AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α–independent mechanisms without mtDNA replication.
Association of Depressive Symptoms With Impaired Glucose Regulation, Screen-Detected, and Previously Known Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mäntyselkä Pekka , Korniloff Katariina , Saaristo Timo , Koponen Hannu , Eriksson Johan , Puolijoki Hannu , Timonen Markku , Sundvall Jouko , Kautiainen Hannu , Vanhala Mauno 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVETo study the association between impaired glucose regulation (IGR), screen-detected type 2 diabetes, and previously known diabetes and depressive symptoms.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSAltogether, 2,712 participants from three hospital districts in Finland attended a health examination. Cutoff scores ≥10 and ≥16 in the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21) were used for depressive symptoms. The participants were defined as having known diabetes if they reported diabetes. An oral glucose tolerance test was used to detect normal glucose regulation (NGR), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and screen-detected diabetes. The participants were defined as having IGR if they had IFG or IGT.RESULTSPrevalence of depressive symptoms, defined as a BDI-21 cutoff score ≥10, was 14.4% for those with NGR, 13.7% for those with IGR, 14.8% for those with screen-detected diabetes, and 26.4% for those with previously known diabetes. The corresponding prevalences for a cutoff score ≥16 were 3.4, 3.4, 4.2, and 7.5%, respectively. Compared with NGR and adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and biological factors, the odds ratios for IGR, screen-detected diabetes, and previously known diabetes were 0.91 (95% CI 0.69–1.20), 0.70 (0.45–1.08), and 1.35 (0.84–2.15), respectively, for a cutoff score ≥10. For a cutoff score ≥16, the corresponding odds ratios were 1.05 (0.62–1.76), 0.87 (0.40–1.90), and 1.56 (0.69–3.50), respectively.CONCLUSIONSParticipants with diagnosed diabetes had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms than participants with NGR, IGR, and previously unknown diabetes. When potential confounding factors were included in the analysis, previously known diabetes was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms.
Five-Year Outcomes in High-Risk Participants in the Detection of Ischemia in Asymptomatic Diabetics (DIAD) Study
Authors: Bansal Shanti , Wackers Frans J.Th. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Chyun Deborah A. , Davey Janice A. , Staib Lawrence H. , Young Lawrence H. ,   for the DIAD Study Investigators
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE
To estimate baseline cardiovascular risk of 1,123 participants in the Detection of Ischemia in Asymptomatic Diabetics (DIAD) study and to assess cardiac event rates and the effect of screening on outcomes in these higher-risk participants.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Baseline cardiovascular risk was assessed using four established methods: Framingham score, UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine, criteria of the French-Speaking Association for the Study of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, and the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome. Cardiac events (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) were assessed during the 4.8-year follow-up in participants with intermediate/high cardiovascular risk.

RESULTS
By various risk-stratification approaches, 53–75% of participants were defined as having intermediate or high cardiovascular risk. The prevalence of inducible ischemia on screening in these individuals ranged from 21 to 24%, similar to lower-risk participants (19–23%). Cardiac event rates were greater in intermediate-/high-risk versus low-risk groups, but this was only significant for the UKPDS risk engine (4.2 vs. 1.2%, P = 0.002). The annual cardiac event rate was &lt;1% in all risk groups, except in the high-risk UKPDS group (∼2% per year). In intermediate-/high-risk participants randomized to screening versus no screening, 4.8-year cardiac event rates were similar (2.5–4.8% vs. 3.1–3.7%).

CONCLUSIONS
A substantial portion of the DIAD population was defined as having intermediate/high baseline cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, their annual cardiac event rate was low and not altered by routine screening for inducible ischemia.
Effect of Adding Pharmacists to Primary Care Teams on Blood Pressure Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Simpson Scot H. , Majumdar Sumit R. , Tsuyuki Ross T. , Lewanczuk Richard Z. , Spooner Richard , Johnson Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of adding pharmacists to primary care teams on the management of hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a randomized controlled trial with blinded ascertainment of outcomes within primary care clinics in Edmonton, Canada. Pharmacists performed medication assessments and limited history and physical examinations and provided guideline-concordant recommendations to optimize medication management. Follow-up contact was completed as necessary. Control patients received usual care. The primary outcome was a ≥10% decrease in systolic blood pressure at 1 year.

RESULTS
A total of 260 patients were enrolled, 57% were women, the mean age was 59 years, diabetes duration was 6 years, and blood pressure was 129/74 mmHg. Forty-eight of 131 (37%) intervention patients and 30 of 129 (23%) control patients achieved the primary outcome (odds ratio 1.9 [95% CI 1.1–3.3]; P = 0.02). Among 153 patients with inadequately controlled hypertension at baseline, intervention patients (n = 82) were significantly more likely than control patients (n = 71) to achieve the primary outcome (41 [50%] vs. 20 [28%]; 2.6 [1.3–5.0]; P = 0.007) and recommended blood pressure targets (44 [54%] vs. 21 [30%]; 2.8 [1.4–5.4]; P = 0.003). The 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease, based on changes to the UK Prospective Diabetes Study Risk Engine, were predicted to decrease by 3% for intervention patients and 1% for control patients (P = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS
Significantly more patients with type 2 diabetes achieved better blood pressure control when pharmacists were added to primary care teams, which suggests that pharmacists can make important contributions to the primary care of these patients.
Assessment of morbidity following resection of cingulate gyrus gliomas
Authors: Tate Matthew C. , Kim Chae-Yong , Chang Edward F. , Polley Mei-Yin , Berger Mitchel S. 
Published: October 2010

Object
The morbidity associated with resection of tumors in the cingulate gyrus (CG) is not well established. The goal of the present study is to define the short- and long-term morbidity profile associated with resection of gliomas within this region.

Methods
Ninety consecutive patients with gliomas involving the CG were analyzed. Resections were classified by zones corresponding to functionally defined regions of the CG as follows: Zone I (perigenual, anterior), Zone II (midcingulate), Zone III (posterior), and Zone IV (retrosplenial). Basic demographic, imaging, operative details, and pre- and postoperative neurological examinations were recorded for each patient. Patients in whom neurological morbidity was documented during their initial postoperative examination who did not completely improve by the 6-month follow-up examination were considered to have a permanent deficit. For each patient with surgery-related morbidity, postoperative MR imaging and operative notes were reviewed, and the cortical regions incorporated in the surgical trajectory were recorded. The analysis was carried out for tumors confined to the CG (> 90% of tumor contained within the CG) as well as those involving the CG but extending into adjacent cortical structures.

Results
Analysis of the entire patient cohort demonstrated that 29% of patients experienced a new or worsened neurological deficit immediately after surgery. The most common deficits were supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome (20%), weakness (6%), and sensory changes (2%). All patients with an SMA syndrome in our series had intentional resection of SMA as part of the surgical approach. Patients with resections including Zone II or III had a higher rate of total morbidity and SMA syndrome than patients with Zone I resections (p < 0.05). Only 4% of patients had a persistent neurological deficit at 6 months postoperatively. A similar morbidity profile was observed in the subset analysis of patients with tumors confined to the CG, with no additional morbidity related to known cingulate-specific functions.

Conclusions
Resection of gliomas involving the CG can be performed with minimal, predictable long-term morbidity (< 5%). Surgical morbidity is primarily a function of surgical trajectory rather than the particular cingulate region resected.
Early Childhood Development: An Emerging Issue
Authors: Tabib SM Shahnawaz Bin 
Published: October 2010

The first five years of a child's life i.e early childhood period ,often called the 'formative years', are absolutely critical for the development, performance and success of the child throughout his life. It is the period in which the foundations for future life take place. The appropriateness and quality of care and childhood opportunities and experiences that a child receives during this period may ultimately determine adult hood and his/her ability to contribute to society. Recent neuroscience shows that development of the brain over the first five years is more rapid and intensive and more vulnerable to external influence or the environment. Opportunities taken or missed during this period will have profound influence in the future life of a child.DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v39i1.6230 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2010; 39(1): 28-30
Salinosporamid‐Naturstoffe: potente Inhibitoren des 20S‐Proteasoms als vielversprechende Krebs‐Chemotherapeutika
Authors: Gulder Tobias A. M. , Moore Bradley S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractProteasominhibitoren entwickeln sich rasch zu potenten Behandlungsoptionen in der Krebstherapie. Einer der vielversprechensten Wirkstoffkandidaten dieses Typs ist das Salinosporamid A aus dem Bakterium Salinispora tropica. Dieser marine Naturstoff hat einen komplexen, dicht funktionalisierten γ‐Lactam‐β‐lacton‐Pharmakophor, der für die irreversible Bindung zum Target, der β‐Untereinheit des 20S‐Proteasoms, verantwortlich ist. Klinische Studien der Phase I zur Behandlung von multiplem Myelom mit Salinosporamid A begannen nur drei Jahre nach dessen Entdeckung. Die starke biologische Aktivität und die faszinierende Struktur dieser Verbindung haben in den letzten Jahren intensive akademische und industrielle Forschungsarbeiten angetrieben, die zur Entwicklung von mehr als zehn Totalsynthesen, der Aufklärung des Biosyntheseweges und der Generierung vielversprechender Informationen zu Struktur‐Aktivitäts‐Beziehungen sowie onkologischer Daten geführt haben. Salinosporamid A ist daher ein faszinierendes Beispiel für das erfolgreiche Zusammenspiel von moderner Wirkstoffsuche und biomedizinischer Forschung, Medizinalchemie and Pharmakologie, Naturstoffanalyse und ‐synthese sowie Biosynthese und Bioengineering.
Incorporating amylopectin in poly(lactic acid) by melt blending using poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) as a thermoplastic carrier. II. Physical properties
Authors: Sanchez‐Garcia M. D. , Nordqvist D. , Hedenqvist M. , Lagaron J. M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study adds to a previous morphological work (paper I) with further characterization of the developed poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends containing amylopectin, which made use of an ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) as a melt‐compoundable carrier for the polysaccharide in the biopolyester. The effect of using glycerol as compatibilizer was also characterized. Water and oxygen transport parameters, mechanical properties, and comparative biodegradability tests were evaluated for the blends. From the results, the barrier properties to oxygen were only seen to improve at 0%RH and mostly for the PLA‐EVOH blends, which furthermore showed a positive deviation from the rule of mixtures. At high relative humidity, the blends showed somewhat poorer barrier performance due to the comparatively higher improvement in barrier of the neat PLA at 80% RH. Interestingly, room temperature biodegradability testing suggested that low additions of the blending elements seemed to facilitate the biodegradability of the biopolyester. Despite the fact that properties were not so dramatically improved, incorporating renewable resources within PLA seems as a potentially viable route to reduce PLA supply dependency, retain good optical properties and to overcome some drawbacks associated to the use of this biopolyester. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation of highly open porous styrene/acrylonitrile and styrene/acrylonitrile/organoclay polymerized high internal phase emulsion (PolyHIPE) foams via emulsion templating
Authors: Abbasian Z. , Moghbeli M. R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHighly open porous crosslinked styrene/ acrylonitrile (SAN) polymerized high internal phase emulsion (PolyHIPE) foams containing various amounts of acrylonitrile (AN) were prepared by the polymerization of the continuous organic phase of high internal phase emulsions with an 85 vol % aqueous internal phase. The mean diameter of voids varied in the range 12.4–19.8 μm. The void diameter increased up to 10% AN, but beyond this limit, the diameter decreased. To improve the mechanical properties of the copolymer foams, the organic phase of the emulsion containing 20% AN was reinforced with organomontmorillonites with different surface modifiers. The effects of the organoclay on the equilibrium torque value of the emulsifying systems, as an approximate characteristic of the emulsion viscosity, and on the morphology and mechanical properties of the resulting foam were investigated. Scanning electron micrographs exhibited an open‐cell polyHIPE structure for all of the SAN/organoclay polyHIPE foams. The incorporation of organoclays within the emulsion copolymer foam significantly decreased the mean size of voids and intercellular pores compared with those of the copolymer foam without reinforcement. In fact, the presence of organoclay may have acted as a cosurfactant to improve the performance of the nonionic surfactant in the concentrated emulsions. The X‐ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron micrographs showed an intercalated nanocomposite structure for the organoclay‐reinforced copolymer foams. On the other hand, the addition of a more hydrophilic organoclay, that is, 3 wt % Cloisite30B, to the concentrated emulsion decreased the Young's modulus and significantly improved the crush strength of the emulsion copolymer foam. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011