bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B
ell,
G
eorge
K
ennedy
A
llen (1883–1958), Bishop of
C
hichester, 1929–1958
Authors: Chandler Andrew 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

George Bell, the son of an Anglican priest, was born within sight of the spire of Chichester Cathedral. Educated at Westminster School in London, he studied at Christ Church, Oxford before he was ordained in 1907. A further spell as a Student at Christ Church preceded his appointment as chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury, Randall Davidson, in 1914. He would work closely with Davidson through World War I, the 1920 Lambeth Conference and into the 1920s. In 1924 he became Dean of Canterbury. Here he began a quiet revolution in the commissioning of new drama. John Masefield's play,
The Coming of Christ
, was performed in the cathedral in 1928 and was widely saluted as the first drama to appear in an English cathedral since the medieval period. For this Gustav Holst wrote music. By the time that Bell was consecrated bishop of Chichester, in 1929, he had also established a powerful reputation as an ecumenist, both national and international. The Anglo‐German discussions which he led between 1927 and 1930 presaged a personal commitment to the life of the German church which would deepen during the National Socialist era. He met the young theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer in 1934 and was soon a friend and ally. Bell sought to use his position in the Life and Work movement and in the British church to influence the crisis in the German Protestant church, but he was also deeply involved in supporting Jewish and “non‐Aryan” refugees from Germany. He encouraged T. S. Eliot to write what became
Murder in the Cathedral
in 1935 and fostered the work of the exiled German Jewish painter, Hans Feibusch. During World War II Bell still managed to connect circles resisting Hitler inside Germany with friends abroad, but the British government was disinclined to favor such enterprises. His condemnation of obliteration bombing in Parliament in February 1944 may well have isolated him further from those in authority. When he was not invited to follow William Temple as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1944 many thought it because of his controversial reputation. In the post‐war era, Bell's international standing was unique. He became a president of the new World Council of Churches and supported the emerging Church of South India. He also protested against nuclear weapons, broadcast his sympathy to the people of Hungary after the 1956 uprising, and spoke against capital punishment. Bell announced his retirement in 1957 and died, only a few months later, in Canterbury.
Theology and Faith
Authors: Kurian George Thomas 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Christianity in its essence may be said to be an untheological religion. In many religions, theology is a highly speculative enterprise, trying to deduce the nature of godhood from human experience. Christianity, on the other hand, is a revealed religion. Christians believe that Jesus Christ is incarnate God and to know him is to know God. Thus, Christology supersedes formal theological knowledge. Theology ceases to be speculative and becomes a matter of faith and trust. In Christian theology, faith is a threefold process: knowledge, intellectual acceptance, and commitment. None of the three requires the intervention of theologians or academic analysis. Faith is a mystery that cannot be mediated and an experience that cannot be dissected.
Tertium Quid
Authors: Estes Douglas 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

A
tertium quid
, or “third thing” in the original language, is a theological formulation used in the Christological controversies of the early church.
Tertium quid
encapsulates the idea of mixing two unique ontological elements together, thereby transforming them into a third, new and unique element. Using Tertullian's example, gold and silver are unique elements that when blended together form electrum, a new and unique element with different properties than either gold or silver. A
tertium quid
Christology would view Jesus as neither truly God nor truly man but a new and unique “third thing” (such as electrum). As a result, Christian theology has condemned
tertium quid
Christologies as heterodox.
Christian Education
Authors: Lamport Mark A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractChristian education is the Church's attempt to inculcate faith in its adherents. Historian Jaroslav Pelikan (1971–1989: 1) suggests: “The church is always more than a school, but the church cannot be less than a school.” So, the church orchestrates its efforts to teach knowledge, habits, attitudes, and beliefs; and it does so though three intermingling means: aninformalor socialization process; aformalor schooling endeavor; andnonformalor self‐directed learning. But John Westerhoff (2000: 18) warns: “Teaching religion is not very important”; at best, it only produces “educated atheists.”
Low‐Cost Post‐Growth Treatments of Crystalline Silicon Nanoparticles Improving Surface and Electronic Properties
Authors: Niesar Sabrina , Pereira Rui N. , Stegner Andre R. , Erhard Nadine , Hoeb Marco , Baumer Andrea , Wiggers Hartmut , Brandt Martin S. , Stutzmann Martin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFreestanding silicon nanocrystals (Si‐ncs) offer unique optical and electronic properties for new photovoltaic, thermoelectric, and other electronic devices. A method to fabricate Si‐ncs which is scalable to industrial usage has been developed in recent years. However, barriers to the widespread utilization of these nanocrystals are the presence of charge‐trapping defects and an oxide shell formed upon ambient atmosphere exposure hindering the charge transport. Here, we exploit low‐cost post‐growth treatment routes based on wet‐etching in hydrofluoric acid plus surface hydrosilylation or annealing enabling a complete native oxide removal and a reduction of the defect density by up to two orders of magnitude. Moreover, when compared with only H‐terminated Si‐ncs we report an enhancement of the conductivity by up to a factor of 400 for films of HF etched and annealed Si‐ncs, which retain a defect density below that of untreated Si‐ncs even after several months of air exposure. Further, we demonstrate that HF etched and hydrosilylated Si‐ncs are extremely stable against oxidation and maintain a very low defect density after a long‐term storage in air, opening the possibility of device processing in ambient atmosphere.
The lack of correspondence between work‐related disability and receipt of workers' compensation benefits
Authors: Spieler Emily A. , Burton John F. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies suggest that many persons with disabilities caused by work do not receive workers' compensation benefits.MethodsData from surveys of persons with disabilities were used to estimate the proportion of disability due to work‐related injuries and diseases. Studies examining the proportion of workers with work‐related disability who received workers' compensation benefits were reviewed. Legal and other factors explaining the lack of receipt of workers' compensation benefits were examined.ResultsMany workers with disabilities caused by work do not receive workers' compensation benefits. The obstacles to compensation include increasingly restrictive rules for compensability in many state workers' compensation programs.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of persons with work‐related disabilities do not receive workers' compensation benefits. The solutions to this problem, such as providing healthcare to workers regardless of the source of injuries or diseases, are complicated and controversial, and will be difficult to implement. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:487–505, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A study on the crosslink network evolution of magnesium dimethacrylate/natural rubber composite
Authors: Xu Chuanhui , Chen Yukun , Zeng Xingrong 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn this article, we study the evolution of networks based on natural rubber (NR) which is reinforced by in situ magnesium dimethacrylate (MDMA) during curing at a molecular level. The crosslink density of the compounds cured for different time was evaluated by a dissolution/swell experiment. The curing process was analyzed by using a UR‐2030 Rotorless Rheometer. Mechanical properties of the composites cured for different time were also used to evaluate the evolution of the networks. The results reveal that the ionic crosslinks, cooperating with some primary covalent crosslinks and some other physical crosslinks, play an important role in supporting the crosslinked backbone of the composite to bear the external force in the initial curing time. The evolution of crosslinked networks could be divided into three regions in this particular experiment: network forming period dominated by the ionic bonds, fundamental network forming period, and ionic bonds rupture period. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Rotating die technique for sharkskin minimization in highly viscous wood/PP composite melt in an extrusion die
Authors: Kaiyaded Woranut , Wimolmala Ekachai , Harnnarongchai Wanlop , Sitticharoen Watcharin , Sombatsompop Narongrit 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis study used a newly developed rotating die system for purposes of reducing entrance pressure drop and sharkskin fracture for molten polypropylene (PP) and wood/polypropylene (WPP) composites in a single‐screw extruder. The sharkskin fracture characteristics of the PP and WPP composite surfaces were examined quantitatively via roughness profiles and relaxation time evaluations, and qualitatively through scanning electron microscopy under the effects of wood content, shear rate, die temperature, and die rotation speed. The experimental results suggested that the entrance pressure drop of PP increased with increasing wood content and shear rate. The die entrance pressure drop for WPP composite melt with 30 wt % wood content could be minimized by 20–50% by using a die rotation speed of 70 rpm. The roughness level (sharkskin) and relaxation time were found to increase with increasing wood content, but could be minimized by rotating the die—the die rotating effect being more meaningful for WPP when compared with neat PP extrudate. The rotating die system was found to be an effective technique for minimizing the extrusion load and fracture level of extrudate skins for high‐viscosity materials such as the WPP composites used in this work. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Enhancement in crystallinity of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) thin films prepared by low‐temperature drop casting
Authors: Salammal Shabi Thankaraj , Grigorian Souren , Brinkmann Martin , Pietsch Ullrich , Koenen Nils , Kayunkid Navaphun , Scherf Ullrich 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLow‐temperature casting of high molecular weight (HMW > 40 kDa) regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is demonstrated to yield highly crystalline P3HT thin films with well defined and preferentially edge‐on oriented [(100) contact plane] nanocrystallites on the pure and silanized Si/SiO2 substrates. Transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction provide evidence for the increase in preferential edge‐on orientation of P3HT‐conjugated backbone while decreasing the film preparation temperature below room temperature. The optimum growth temperature is about −12°C for the given concentration (2 mg/mL in CHCl3). The reduced evaporation rate of the solvent results in a better selection of the thermodynamically stable orientation of nanocrystallites onto the substrate. The degree of preferential orientation and size of the crystallites can be further increased on n‐octadecyltrichlorosilane‐treated SiO2 substrates as well as by annealing the films at 200°C for 1 h. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Electropolymerization of pyrrole in ionic liquid microemulsion
Authors: Zhang Guoping , Zhou Haihui , Zhang Jingling , Han Xue , Chen Jinhua , Kuang Yafei 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe direct electropolymerization of pyrrole in [BMIM]PF6 microemulsion was investigated for the first time. The H2O/TX‐100/[BMIM]PF6 (W/IL), bicontinuous (BC), [BMIM]PF6/TX‐100/H2O (IL/W) subregions can be used as electrolytes for pyrrole electropolymerization. The use of IL microemulsion remarkably reduces the amount of IL. Furthermore, electrochemical measurements indicated that W/IL microemulsion was the optimal medium and its polymerization rate was the fastest. Compared with molecular solvent system (0.25 mol L−1 [BMIM]PF6/acetonitrile) and neat [BMIM]PF6, the resultant films electrodeposited in W/IL microemulsion possessed excellent electrochemical activity and uniform morphology. All the results indicated that the H2O/TX‐100/[BMIM]PF6 microemulsion as electrolyte medium is the most suitable for electropolymerization of pyrrole. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Arabinose content of arabinoxylans contributes to flexibility of acetylated arabinoxylan films
Authors: Stepan A. M. , Höije A. , Schols H. A. , de Waard P. , Gatenholm P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractArabinoxylans (AX) from rye were partly debranched by chemical hydrolysis methods, and AXs differing in arabinosyl substitution were acetylated using chemical methods. The resulting materials are film forming, and these films underwent molecular structural analysis and were tested for their material properties. The composition and structure of the modified polymers were determined using high performance anion exchange chromatography and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance; it was shown that all free hydroxyl groups (of both xylose and arabinose) were acetylated. Further characterizations were done by dynamic mechanical analysis and thermo‐gravimetric analysis to evaluate the thermal behavior of the material. The observed glass transition temperatures (Tg) increased with a decrease in arabinosyl substitutions. The thermal degradation temperatures were all close to 380°C. The mechanical properties were characterized with tensile tests of the films. Tensile tests showed that the strain at break, which reflects the flexibility of the material, was significantly higher at higher arabinosyl substitution levels. The elastic Young's modulus was not significantly affected, although a tendency was seen toward a less stiff material at higher arabinosyl substitution. The ultimate strength of the materials was remarkably high in all cases, around 60 MPa, with little difference between them. Considering these properties, a great potential is foreseen in the application of acetylated arabinoxylans as packaging films and as matrix for composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Utilization of peanut shell powder as a novel filler in natural rubber
Authors: Sareena C. , Ramesan M. T. , Purushothaman E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis work focuses on the use of peanut shell powder (PSP) as filler in natural rubber (NR). Peanut, one of the food crops in the world, generates large amounts of waste namely peanut shell. Modified and unmodified PSP‐NR composites with varying particle size and dosages were prepared by an open mill mixing technique. The processing characteristics and the curing behavior of the composites were determined by Monsanto Rheometer. The technological performance was done by analyzing the tensile strength, tear strength, and hardness of the vulcanizates. The swelling studies were carried out to observe the crosslink density, rubber‐filler interaction, and the reinforcing nature of the filler on NR. The observed variation in mechanical properties has been supported by the fractography of the composites obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The result of the study shows that the PSP is most effective filler in NR at 10 parts per hundred (phr) loading. Filler reinforcement ability of modified PSP is more when compared with unmodified PSP; therefore, modified PSP‐NR composites shows better physicomechanical properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
1,3‐dioxane methylcoumarin as a novel photoinitiator for free radical polymerization
Authors: Yin Ruixue , Wang Kemin , Liu Jianwei , Nie Jun 
Published: January 2012

Abstract1,3‐Dioxane methylcoumarin (DOMC), a novel photoinitiator (PI) for free radical polymerization, was synthesized and characterized. UV–vis absorption spectroscopy was used to investigate its photochemical behavior during the photophysical process. The photopolymerization kinetics of DOMC was studied by real‐time infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). There was an optimum curing rate with the increase in DOMC concentration. Both the polymerization rate and final conversion increased with the increase in light intensity. DOMC was the most efficient PI for tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) in different acrylate monomers. The kinetics study of TPGDA photopolymerization showed that DOMC was a more effective PI than benzophenone/ethyl‐4‐dimethylaminobenzoate. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of an Unprecedented Nonmetal Cation Polyborate Salt Containing Two Different “Isolated” Polyborate Anions: [H2en]2[B4O5(OH)4] [B7O9(OH)5]·3H2O (en: H2NCH2CH2NH2).
Authors: Beckett Michael A. , Horton Peter N. , Coles Simon J. , Martin David W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by addition of en in MeOH to B(OH)3 in H2O (20 °C, 48 h, 6% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Metastable Bi8Ni8S by Reductive Pseudomorphosis of Bi8Ni8SI2.
Authors: Kaiser Martin , Isaeva Anna , Skrotzki Richard , Schwarz Ulrich , Ruck Michael 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMetastable Bi8Ni8S is synthesized by reduction of Bi8Ni8SI2 with a solution of BuLi in hexane (Ar, 69 °C, 3 d, <90% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Prolinylanthranilamide Pseudopeptides as Bifunctional Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Aldol Reactions.
Authors: Pearson Anthony J. , Panda Santanu 
Published: January 2012

AbstractVarious catalysts are investigated and it is found that modification of the structure by introducing a second stereogenic center improves the yields and the enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,5‐Electrocyclization of 1‐Alkyl‐3‐[(2Z)‐2,4‐diaryl‐4‐oxobut‐2‐en‐1‐yl]‐1H‐benzimidazol‐3‐ium Bromides.
Authors: Potikha L. M. , Turelyk A. R. , Kovtunenko V. A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe cyclization of title compounds (I) and (III) in the presence of NaOMe depends on both the nitrogen substituents and the reaction temperature furnishing pyrrolobenzimidazoles (II) or aminophenylpyrroles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid, One‐Pot Synthesis of β‐Siloxy‐α‐haloaldehydes.
Authors: Saadi Jakub , Akakura Matsujiro , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA Mukaiyama cross‐aldol addition of silyl enol ethers derived from α‐halogenated acetaldehydes is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Catalyzed Allenylations of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Fandrick Daniel R. , Saha Jaideep , Fandrick Keith R. , Sanyal Sanjit , Ogikubo Junichi , Lee Heewon , Roschangar Frank , Song Jinhua J. , Senanayake Chris H. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe addition reaction of allenyl zinc reagents gives usually rise to homopropargylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes Catalyzed by New Zinc‐Amides Prepared by a Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition.
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiro , Akashi Naohisa , Yanagisawa Akira 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe screening for the best catalyst is performed by combining two catalytic asymmetric reactions, first the generation of the chiral zinc—amides by the rhodium‐catalyzed addition of Me2Zn to N‐tosylarylimines, and second the addition of benzaldehyde to Et2Zn in the presence of the formed catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Enaminone Functionalized Biaryl Ethers by CuI‐Catalyzed O‐Arylation of Enaminone Functionalized Phenols.
Authors: Wan Jie‐Ping , Wang Chunping , Liu Yunyun 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of various biaryl ethers bearing a reactive enaminone fragment is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction Promoted by L‐Threonine‐Derived Phosphine—Thiourea Catalysts.
Authors: Han Xiaoyu , Wang Youqing , Zhong Fangrui , Lu Yixin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA series of bifunctional phosphine—thiourea catalysts based on natural amino acid scaffolds are designed and prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Au‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Allenylsilanes. Regioselective Conversion to 2‐Amino‐4‐silylmethylene γ‐Butyrolactone.
Authors: Okada Takuya , Sakaguchi Kazuhiko , Shinada Tetsuro , Ohfune Yasufumi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe regioselectivity of the process is found to be specific for the silyl group, since the ‐tBu analogue (IX) produces a pyrrole skeleton.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Conversion of Aurones to 2‐Benzoylbenzofurans: Transformation of One Class of Natural Products into Another.
Authors: Yahiaoui Samir , Peuchmaur Marine , Boumendjel Ahcene 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe three‐step process involves the reduction of aurones (I), an acid‐mediated rearrangement of the resulting dihydrobenzofuranols to benzofurylmethanols, and final oxidation to give the desired ketones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Sc(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Indoles and SnCl4‐Mediated Regioselective Hydrochlorination of 5‐(Arylamino)pent‐3‐yn‐2‐ones.
Authors: Yang Fang , Ji Ke‐Gong , Ali Shaukat , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTreatment of the ynones with Sc(OTf)3 leads to indoles and related compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Indazolecarboxylic Esters and Amides via Pd‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of 3‐Iodoindazoles.
Authors: Buchstaller Hans‐Peter , Wilkinson Kai , Burek Kasimir , Nisar Yasmin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe reaction proceeds cleanly under mild conditions and can be applied to a broad spectrum of indazole and amine substrates including various functionalities.
ChemInform Abstract: Study on Condensation of N‐Aryl Thioureas with 3‐Bromo‐acetylacetone: Synthesis of Aminothiazoles and Iminodihydrothiazoles, and Their in vitro Antiproliferative Activity on Human Cervical Cancer Cells.
Authors: Shi Hai‐Bo , Zhang Shi‐Jie , Lin Yan‐Fang , Hu Wei‐Xiao , Cai Chao‐Ming 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe compounds (III) and (IV) are screened in vitro for their antiproliferative activity against the human cervical cancer cell lines Hela and Siha.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthetic Route to Biologically Relevant 2‐Phenylbenzothiazoles Substituted on the Benzothiazole Ring.
Authors: Weekes Ashley A. , Bagley Mark C. , Westwell Andrew D. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAminothiophenol disulfides and benzaldehydes are transformed to the desired benzothiazoles in the presence of sodium metabisulfite as inexpensive and non‐toxic oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinidine Derived Organocatalysts for the Nucleophile Promoted Asymmetric [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Salicyl N‐Tosylimine with Allenic Esters.
Authors: Pei Cheng‐Kui , Shi Min 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAmong 16 β‐isocupreidine derivatives tested as catalysts in the reaction of imine (Ia), the most efficient and enantioselective compound is the methylformamide derivative ICD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Some New Spiro[pyrano[2,3‐f]chromen‐2,1′‐cycloalkan]‐4‐ones and 1′‐Alkylspiro[pyrano[2,3‐f]chromen‐2,4′‐piperidin]‐4‐ones.
Authors: Sreenivas P. , Reddy S. Satyanarayana , Rao Y. Jayaprakash , Rao Ch. Prasada , Krupadanam G. L. David 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAngular pyranospirochromanones are obtained using Claisen rearrangement reactions of 7‐propargyloxyspirochromanones and 4‐propargyloxyresacetophenones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Alkylation of Spiro‐2‐oxazolines Containing Fused 3,4‐Dihydropyrazin‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Music Irena , Vercek Bojan 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTreatment of aromatic and heteroaromatic diamines (I), (VIII), and (XI) results in the formation of the corresponding spirooxazolines.