bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual-parameter controlled reconfigurable metasurface for enhanced terahertz beamforming via inverse design method
Authors: Wu Qi , Fan Wen-Hui , Qin Chong , Jiang Xiao-Qiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recently, reconfigurable metasurfaces have emerged as a promising solution for wavefront manipulation in the terahertz (THz) region, providing enhanced beamforming capabilities. However, traditional single-parameter control methods fail to achieve independent phase and amplitude modulation, constraining their modulation capabilities. Meanwhile, forward design methods based on phase matching ignore the structural responses of the non-ideal unit, leading to degraded beamforming performance. Here, we introduce an electrically reconfigurable metasurface composed of bilayer graphene strips based on dual-parameter control. Full-wave simulations demonstrate independent amplitude and phase modulation, achieving the full 360° phase coverage and an adjustable amplitude range from 0 to 0.8 at 2.6 THz. To optimize beamforming performance, particularly for the responses of the non-ideal unit away from the designed frequency, we employed an inverse design method based on a hybrid evolutionary algorithm. This novel approach significantly enhances beam steering, achieving a maximum 60% increase in beam directivity and maintaining over 90% of ideal directivity across a broad frequency range from 1.6 THz to 5 THz. Especially, it achieves a maximum deflection angle of 75°. Meanwhile, the adaptability of the inverse design method is further demonstrated to various optimized objectives. For beam focusing, even with limited phase control (below 210°), this method significantly enhances the focusing quality (up to 150% enhancement) and increases the focusing efficiency from 25% to 40%. Additionally, it effectively mitigates the impact of quantized phase errors on beamforming. This research not only demonstrates potential applications in high-speed THz wireless communication and compact imaging systems but also paves the way for innovative designs in reconfigurable metasurfaces.
Role of oscillation frequency and amplitude on the microstructure and properties of linear friction welded nickel aluminium bronze joints
Authors: A K Lakshminarayanan , S Vishwa , Selvam Srecharan , Sivaraj P , Balasubramanian V 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study explores the influence of oscillation frequency and amplitude on the quality of linear friction welded joints using as-cast nickel aluminium bronze. Welding was conducted at 30 Hz, 50 Hz, and 70 Hz oscillated frequencies and amplitudes of 1.5 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm. The joint’s performance was thoroughly investigated through systematic analysis, including macrostructure examination, peak interfacial temperature measurement, microstructure evaluation, strain assessment, cooling rate determination, microhardness testing, and tensile property characterization. The width of the weld zone varied from 183 μm to 297 μm, and the thermomechanical affected zone (TMAZ) area ranged from 4.48 mm2 to 14.79 mm2 across different process parameters. In the parent material, the volume fraction of the β-phase was as low as 20.2%, contrasting with the dominant α-phase at 79.8%. The average grain size of the lamellar and globular α-phase mixture was 26.4 μm. Notably, the weld zone exhibited extremely refined α-phase grains, with diameters less than 5 μm in all cases. The volume fraction of the β‘-phase increased significantly with higher frequencies, from 15.299% at 30 Hz to 26.98% at 50 Hz, peaking at 40.08% at 70 Hz, leading to varying k phases. This variation in microstructure had a substantial impact on mechanical properties. Tensile strength ranged from 503 MPa to 582 MPa, while ductility varied from 13.5% to 21.7%. Additionally, the hardness of the parent material increased from approximately 155 Hv to 260 Hv. This study demonstrates that controlling the oscillation frequency and amplitude in linear friction welding processes can yield consistent, high-quality welds in nickel aluminium bronze.
Observational signatures of rotating black holes in the semiclassical gravity with trace anomaly*
Authors: Zhang 张 Zhenyu 震宇 , Hou 侯 Yehui 业辉 , Guo 郭 Minyong 敏勇 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In a recent work by Fernandes [Phys. Rev. D 108(6), L061502 (2023)], an exact stationary and axisymmetric solution was discovered in semiclassical gravity with type-A trace anomaly. This was identified as a quantum-corrected version of the Kerr black hole. In this study, we explore the observational signatures of this black hole solution. Our investigation reveals that prograde and retrograde light rings exist, whose radii increase monotonically with the coupling parameter α. When α is negative, the shadow area for the quantum-corrected black hole is smaller than that of the Kerr black hole, whereas when α is positive, the area is larger. For a near-extremal black hole, its high-spin feature (the NHEKline) is found to be highly susceptible to disruption by α. Furthermore, we discuss the images of the quantum-corrected black hole in the presence of a thin accretion disk and compare them to those of the Kerr black hole. Our study highlights the importance of near-horizon emission sources in detecting the effects of quantum corrections by black hole images.
Electronic origin of structural degradation in Li-rich transition metal oxides: The case of Li2MnO3 and Li2RuO3
Authors: Zhang Peng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Li2MnO3 and Li2RuO3 represent two prototype Li-rich transition metal (TM) oxides as high-capacity cathodes for Li-ion batteries, which have similar crystal structures but show quite different cycling performances. Here, based on the first-principles calculations, we systematically studied the electronic structures and defect properties of these two Li-rich cathodes, in order to get more understanding on the structural degradation mechanism in Li-rich TM oxides. Our calculations indicated that the structural and cycling stability of Li2MnO3 and Li2RuO3 depend closely on their electronic structures, especially the energy of their highest occupied electronic states (HOS), as it largely determines the defect properties of these cathodes. For Li2MnO3 with low-energy HOS, we found that, due to the defect charge transfer mechanism, various defects can form spontaneously in its host structure as Li ions are extracted upon delithiation, which seriously deteriorates its structural and cycling stability. While for Li2RuO3, on the other hand, we identified that the high-energy HOS prevents it from the defect formation upon delithiation and thus preserve its cycling reversibility. Our studies thus illustrated an electronic origin of the structural degradation in Li-rich TM oxides and implied that it is possible to improve their cycling performances by carefully adjusting their TM components.
Gas viscosities from a semiconductor-manufacturing mass-flow controller
Authors: Gonzalez-Juez E , Price A , Publico W 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We obtain gas viscosities with a pressure-based mass-flow controller used for semi-conductor manufacturing, a rate-of-change approach, and a physics-based calculation. The novelty of this method is that it is used in an industrial process whose main goal is not to measure viscosities. In this way, for pressures of the order of 10 kPa and 25 ∘C and 35 ∘C, we obtain for seven gases viscosities with mean absolute errors with respect to reference viscosities of less than 1%. Using this method, we report viscosities for two semiconductor-manufacturing gases not available in the open literature: hexafluoroisobutene (CAS # 382-10-5) and 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (690-27-7).
Crucial impact of component Allee effect in predator-prey system
Authors: Sahoo Kalyanashis , Sahoo Banshidhar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Allee effect in models in interacting species of predator prey system has great significance in ecological context. Allee effect plays crucial role in population dynamics in ecology, where it is the challenging fact that per capita population growth rate is positively dependent on the population density of a species. In this paper, we inspect the famous Hastings and Powell (HP) (Hastings and Powell 1991 Ecology
72 896–903) model incorporating component Allee effect on top predator’s reproduction. We analyse the updated model with the help of both analytical and numerical phenomena. Considering cost of Allee effect, half-saturation constant of prey as the key parameters, the Hopf bifurcations are also analysed. The directions of Hopf bifurcations at the critical values of Allee parameter and half-saturation constant of prey are studied theoretically by using normal form theory introduced by Hassard et al (1981 Theory and Applications of Hopf Bifurcation vol 41 (CUP Archive)). The formulated model indicates that the system demonstrates chaotic, periodic and stable dynamics in the variation of key parameters. The chaos can be controlled for proper application of the large values of parameter used as the cost of Allee effect and also for small values of the parameter used as the half saturation constant of prey population. The results of this study are applicable in the field of marine and wild ecosystem dynamics.
An improved Fourier modal method for design of metasurface diffractive optical elements
Authors: Dai Xingang , Zhang Hongru , Hu Yanjun , Jing Gaoshan , Zhang Zhiping , Fan Guofang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An improved Fourier modal method (FMM) is developed for the design of metasurface diffractive optical elements (DOEs), which combines the iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA) with FMM. In which, the IFTA is executed for a coarse solution; then, FMM is for a precise solution. We take a 5 × 5 metasurface DOE with nanorods as an example to explore the improved FMM (IFTA + FMM). By varying the diameter of the nanorods on the metasurface DOE, a 5 × 5 spot array DOE has been created with a diffraction angle of 48°× 48° in the far field. The analysis results show that the improved FMM (IFTA + FMM) requires fewer iterations, about 17 times, while direct FMM requires about 70 times. The DOE designed with an improved FMM achieves a diffraction efficiency of 79.6% with a uniformity of 24.2%, while the DOE designed with a direct FMM shows a diffraction efficiency of 76.9% with a uniformity of 27.7%. The improved FMM (IFTA + FMM) shows a similar accuracy, but is more timesaving, simple, and intuitive.
Vectorial adaptive optics for advanced imaging systems
Authors: Ma Yifei , Zhao Zimo , Cui Jiahe , Wang Jingyu , He Chao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Vectorial adaptive optics (V-AO) is a cutting-edge technique extending conventional AO into the vectorial domain encompassing both polarization and phase feedback correction for optical systems. However, previous V-AO approaches focus on point correction. In this letter, we extend this AO approach into the imaging domain. We show how V-AO can benefit an aberrated imaging system to enhance not only scalar imaging but also the quality of vectorial information. Two important criteria, vectorial precision and uniformity are put forward and used in practice to evaluate the performance of the correction. These experimental validations pave the way for real-world imaging for V-AO technology and its applications.
Assessing the interconnected effects of policy interventions on shrimp farming expansion and mangrove ecosystems through system dynamics
Authors: Anh Hoang Ha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Since the early 2000s, Ca Mau has experienced a rapid boom in shrimp farming, leading to the conversion of mangroves into shrimp ponds and impeding mangrove forest conservation. Despite its negative environmental impacts, shrimp aquaculture remains vital to Ca Mau’s economy by providing employment opportunities and contributing to the province’s gross domestic product. This study constructed a system dynamic model to analyze the complex system of shrimp aquaculture and mangrove forests under two development scenarios: the Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario and the Policy scenario. In the BAU scenario, shrimp aquaculture will continue to expand, resulting in the conversion of more mangroves into ponds and a decrease in Ca Mau’s mangrove forest to 70,349 (± 888.801) hectares in 2050. However, this expansion will bolster rural employment and the province’s economy, generating 14,250 (± 0.336) billion VND (US$ 570 million) in 2050. Conversely, in the Policy scenario, stabilizing shrimp areas at 280,000 hectares as a policy target will regulate mangrove conversion, allowing mangroves to regenerate (77,016 (± 687.155) hectares in 2050) and enhancing carbon storage (65 × 106 (± 0.58 × 106) MgC in 2050). However, challenges arise in the Policy scenario concerning potential economic stagnation, conflicts with other development priorities, and rural job losses. Officials must consider more than just the area of shrimp ponds to achieve sustainable development. Effective land use strategies should be implemented to ensure equilibrium between shrimp aquaculture and mangroves. Diversifying economic activities and promoting alternative livelihoods can mitigate the dependence on shrimp farming and offset the effects of policy interventions.
Review of solar-enabled desalination and implications for zero-liquid-discharge applications
Authors: Fthenakis Vasilis , Xu Pei , Zhang Zhuoran , Sitterley Kurban , Lugo Abdiel , Wang Huiyao , Kuravi Sarada , Kota Krishna , Dani Nikhil , Atia Adam , Kurup Parthiv , Miara Ariel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The production of freshwater from desalinating abundant saline water on the planet is increasingly considered a climate change adaptation measure. Yet, there are challenges associated with the high cost, intensive energy demand, and environmental implications of desalination. Effective integration of solar energy generation and freshwater production can address both issues. This review article highlights recent key advances in such integration achieved in a joint-research university-national laboratory partnership under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy and parallel efforts worldwide. First, an overview of current and emerging desalination technologies and associated pretreatment, brine treatment, and valorization technologies that together can result in zero-liquid-discharge systems is presented, and their technological readiness levels are evaluated. Then, advanced modeling techniques and new software platforms that enable optimization of solar-desalination applications with the dual objective of cost and environmental impact minimization are discussed.
Materials and manufacturing technology for high reliability rigid-flex multilayer PCB for space 3D-electronics packaging
Authors: Hanumanth Rao C , Singh Amrendra Pratap , Varaprasad B K S V L , R Selvi , Venkata Govinda Rao D , Goel Sanket 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Rigid-flex Multilayer PCB Technology enables the elimination of several connectors and bulky harness for interconnecting functional electronic systems. This minimizes packaging complexity and reduces performance degradation at high frequencies with an added advantage of reduced weight and volume in high-reliability space electronic packages. Here, only thermo-mechanically stable adhesiveless all polyimide flexible laminate cores and no-flow glass-polyimide prepregs are employed. To overcome the manufacturing issues like registration, coverlay protrusion into the rigid portions, and residual copper deposition at the intersections of flexible and rigid portions; a novel manufacturing process technology is proposed here. The technology has been successfully devised after choosing the most appropriate flexible, rigid, and low-flow prepreg materials. Herein, for the realization of rigid-flex multilayer PCB technology with 2-layers of flex and 8-layers of rigid to meet the functional requirements of the board is presented. The critical registration issues associated with the dissimilar rigid and flexible substrates are successfully addressed to achieve best-fit registration and obtain minimum annular rings of 50 μm in all the inner layers for high reliability. Experimental results manifest that incorporating rigid-flex multilayer PCB technology dramatically reduces weight (>30%) and volume (∼40%) to high-reliability space electronics 3D packaging for static and dynamic applications.
Effect of positioning of shear walls in a multi-storied building on response to earthquake
Authors: Islam Md. Mohayminul , Mofiz Syed Abdul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Seismic events are a matter of concern for structural engineers because of their devastating effects. These events are neither can be predicted. nor can be prevented. To mitigate its impacts on the structures several measures are taken. But none of them can be treated as 100% effective, there is a lot of scope for improvement. In this study, the dynamic behavior of structures under seismic loading was investigated, focusing on the combined influence of geometric shapes, different types of shear walls, and their position on lateral displacement and drift. Specifically, four different geometric shapes of plans of identical floor areas were taken for this study. Two types of shear walls, oupled shear walls, and core shear walls were placed in four different positions. The Static Equivalent Load method to assess the seismic response of structures is employed in this study, following the guidelines given in the Bangladesh National Building Code 2006 using ETABS software. Key findings of the study are the efficacy of shear walls in mitigating lateral displacement. The optimum results were achieved for central positions and core wall configurations. The study discloses the significance of different geometric shapes on seismic responses. This study provides a perception of effective seismic retrofitting strategies.
Positive epidemiology, revisited: the case for centering human rights and economic justice
Authors: Qureshi Farah , Denckla Christy , Boehm Julia K 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In recent years, a growing body of research in positive epidemiology has sought to expand the traditional focus of epidemiologic research beyond risk factors for disease and towards a more holistic understanding of health that includes the study of positive assets that shape well-being more broadly. While this paradigm shift holds great promise for transforming people’s lives for the better, it is also critiqued for showcasing decontextualized perspectives that could cause great harm to the public’s health if translated uncritically into population-based interventions. In this commentary, we argue for orienting positive epidemiology within a human rights and economic justice framework to mitigate this threat, and we discuss two examples of previously proposed health assets (religious involvement and marriage) that demonstrate the urgent need for positive epidemiologic research to center health equity. Finally, to advance the field, we provide recommendations for how future research can address shortcomings of the extant literature by moving from individual-level to societal-level applications. In doing so, we believe that positive epidemiology can be transformed into a powerful force for health equity.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.
Lrp13a and Lrp13b serve as vitellogenin receptors in the ovary of zebrafish
Authors: Liu Zhiquan , Zhang Nan , Wang Chuangxin , Shi Lina , Hu Yixuan , Wang Yamei , Li Jianzhen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In oviparous animals, egg yolk is largely derived from vitellogenin, which is taken up from the maternal circulation by the growing oocytes via the vitellogenin receptor. Recently, a novel member of the lipoprotein receptor superfamily termed low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 13 was identified and proposed as a candidate of vitellogenin receptor in oviparous animals. However, the roles of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 13 in vitellogenesis are still poorly defined. Here, we investigated the expression, vitellogenin-binding properties, and function of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 13 in zebrafish. Two different lrp13 genes termed lrp13a and lrp13b were found in zebrafish. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed both lrp13s to be predominantly expressed in zebrafish ovary, and in situ hybridization detected both lrp13s transcripts in the ooplasm of early stage oocytes. Two yeast hybrid studies showed that among eight vitellogenins of zebrafish, Vtg1, 2, and 3 bind to Lrp13a, while Vtg1, 2, and 5 bind to Lrp13b. We created zebrafish lrp13a and lrp13b mutant lines using CRISPR/Cas9. Knockout of lrp13a leads to a male-biased sex ratio and decreased diameter of embryo yolk, while knockout of lrp13b and double knockout of lrp13a and lrp13b leads to the delay of vitellogenesis, followed by follicular atresia. These phenotypes of mutants can be explained by the disruption of vitellogenesis in the absence of Lrp13s. Taken together, our results indicate that both Lrp13a and Lrp13b can serve as vitellogenin receptors in zebrafish among other vitellogenin receptors that are not yet described.
T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukaemia involving bilateral breast: a case report
Authors: Zhou Jing , Li Mingxing , Liao Ling 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma of the breast represents a highly uncommon subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This study presents a case of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-LBL/ALL) in a 73-year-old female patient exhibiting bilateral breast masses, bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy, swollen lymph nodes in the left neck, and petechiae on the chest. The breast ultrasound revealed heterogeneous hypoechoic findings in the skin layer and subcutaneous tissue of the upper outer quadrant of both breasts. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) demonstrated rapid homogeneous hyperenhancement of bilateral breast masses, and with a small unenhanced area noted in the centre of the left breast mass. The fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of bilateral axillary lymph nodes revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma, whereas the FNAC of the left cervical lymph nodes indicated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Biopsy of the breast mass demonstrated multifocal growth of lymphocyte-like cells, with immunohistochemical analysis confirming T-LBL/ALL. This case study outlines the clinical and CEUS features of breast T-LBL/ALL.