bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'ethnographie irlandaise : lieux et place du terrain d'enquête
Authors: Donnan Hastings 
Published: April 2011

Résumé Tout en offrant un aperçu du développement de l’ethnographie en Irlande du Nord et en République d’Irlande, cet article suggère que le « lieu » ( place ) et la localité ( locality ) restent au cœur de l’analyse anthropologique, même si, en réponse aux changements traversés par la société et la culture irlandaises, et aux réorientations de la théorie sociale, les définitions du terrain ( field ) ont évolué.
La mémoire en attente
Authors: Garvey Pauline , Drazin Adam 
Published: April 2011

Résumé Le parcours historique des collections ethnographiques irlandaises, historiquement les plus importantes, est inextricablement lié au passé colonialiste et post-colonialiste de l’Irlande. L’île occupe à cet égard une position tout à fait singulière. À une certaine époque, elle abrita en effet la seconde ville de l’Empire britannique, tout en figurant parmi les pays qui souffrirent le plus des effets catastrophiques de l’administration coloniale. L’histoire récente dans le domaine des musées et du patrimoine est elle aussi inhabituelle : de superbes collections ethnographiques et folkloriques sont restées enfermées pendant des décennies. Or, ces objets témoignent de l’idée que l’Irlande se fait d’elle-même et de sa position dans l’histoire. Cet article présente ce patrimoine ethnographique dont la signification anthropologique est examinée en appliquant le concept d’« objets en attente ».
Ramon's Syndrome: A Rare Entity
Authors: LNU Alexander , Peter Sherry , Nampoothiri Sheela , Rao Latha , Nambiar Ajith , Veeraraghavan Ravi , Puthalath Ushass 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Ramon et al in 1967 described a condition, which included mental retardation, fibrous dysplasia of the maxilla and stunted growth. De Pino et al described a Brazilian family of four who had the same features as that of Ramon's syndrome in association with juvenile arthritis. Cherubism was first described in 1933 by Jones as ‘familial multilocular cystic lesion of the jaws’, a rare benign fibroosseous disease of the jaws, which is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Affected children usually present before five years of age with painless progressive swelling of the cheeks, frequently associated with dental malformations. It progresses until puberty, and shows partial or complete spontaneous involution in adulthood; therefore, management is mostly conservative. The condition was initially characterized as familial, particularly as a form of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia. The children affected with cherubism do not usually show mental or physical deformities, but when cherubism is associated with other syndromes like Noonan-like syndrome, Ramon syndrome, and Fragile X syndrome, mental and physical deformities may be seen.

Case Report
This is a case report of a 12-year-old boy who reported with a massive painless bilateral swelling of the face, which has been increasing since the age of 2 years. The patient had multiple unerupted teeth, gingival hyperplasia, hearing loss and mental retardation. A detailed case report, including the histopathology, radiographic features (extraoral, CT and MDCT), and management of the case will be discussed in detail.
Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome: A Novel Familial Presentation
Authors: Sudhakar S , MPV Prabhat , Praveen Kumar B 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT
Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is a condition characterized by dermatological manifestations and early onset periodontitis. The pathogenesis of PLS is secondary to mutation of the cathepsin C gene. Hence, the manifestations are expressed on the areas of the body covered by epithelium, such as palms, soles, knees and keratinized oral gingiva. Various immune cells, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, and their precursors are also affected leading to functional disability. PLS is an autosomal recessive condition and can occur in siblings born of consanguineous marriages. This report highlights a rare instance of two siblings of a family affected with Papillon-Lefevre syndrome.
Composition of the athletes diet
Authors: Pramuková Beáta , Čokášová Denisa , Salaj Rastislav 
Published: April 2011

Sports nutrition is a constantly evolving field with many of research papers published annually. However, designing the most suitable sports diet is very difficult. It must be given to the type of training, its duration and intensity, the age and sex of the athlete and also for overall health. The aim of this article is to summarize knowledges about sports nutrition, especially intake of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and dietary supplements and their influence on the performance and recovery of the athlete.
High eosinophil levels and poor evolution in occupational asthma due to cyanoacrylate exposure
Authors: Andujar Ruben , Cruz María‐Jesús , Villar Ana , Morell Ferran , Muñoz Xavier 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe present the case of a 41‐year‐old woman who developed occupational asthma (OA) due to cyanoacrylate while working in a company that manufactured and marketed plastic products. Specific inhalation challenge confirmed the diagnosis of OA to cyanoacrylate. The patient expressed marked eosinophilic inflammation and marked deterioration of pulmonary function while in persistent contact with the causal agent. The possible etiologic mechanisms implicated in the origin of this type of OA are discussed. Patients diagnosed with this condition are advised to avoid exposure to cyanoacrylates. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:714–718, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and properties of transparent copolymers based on cyclotriphosphazene and styrene as potential flame‐retardant optical resins
Authors: Guo Ya‐Ni , Ming Jin‐Yang , Li Chao‐Yu , Qiu Jin‐Jun , Tang He‐Qing , Liu Cheng‐Mei 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTransparent copolymers composed of hexa(allyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate) cyclotriphosphazene (compound 1) and styrene as potential halogen‐free, flame‐retardant optical resins were prepared by radical copolymerization. The thermal performances of the cured resins were studied with thermogravimetric analysis; the decomposition mechanism of the copolymers was investigated with integrated thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared analysis. Compared with conventional polystyrene, the synthesized copolymers exhibited a higher refractive index and a higher thermal stability both under nitrogen and air atmospheres at elevated temperature, and the visible‐light transmittance of the copolymers decreased slightly. With increasing ratio of compound 1 to styrene in the copolymers, the onset decomposition temperature and the char yield both increased gradually. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Towards Quantitative Catalytic Lignin Depolymerization
Authors: Roberts Virginia. M. , Stein Valentin , Reiner Thomas , Lemonidou Angeliki , Li Xuebing , Lercher Johannes A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe products of base‐catalyzed liquid‐phase hydrolysis of lignin depend markedly on the operating conditions. By varying temperature, pressure, catalyst concentration, and residence time, the yield of monomers and oligomers from depolymerized lignin can be adjusted. It is shown that monomers of phenolic derivatives are the only primary products of base‐catalyzed hydrolysis and that oligomers form as secondary products. Oligomerization and polymerization of these highly reactive products, however, limit the amount of obtainable product oil containing low‐molecular‐weight phenolic products. Therefore, inhibition of concurrent oligomerization and polymerization reactions during hydrothermal lignin depolymerization is important to enhance product yields. Applying boric acid as a capping agent to suppress addition and condensation reactions of initially formed products is presented as a successful approach in this direction. Combination of base‐catalyzed lignin hydrolysis with addition of boric acid protecting agent shifts the product distribution to lower molecular weight compounds and increases product yields beyond 85 %.
On the Photophysics of 1,6‐Diphenyl‐1,3,5‐Hexatriene Isomers and Rotamers
Authors: Küpper Balduin , Kleinschmidt Martin , Schaper Klaus , Marian Christel M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHerein, the low‐lying electronic states of various isomers and rotamers of 1,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene (DPH) are studied by a combination of density functional theory and multireference configuration interaction. Starting from the all‐trans nuclear arrangement, trans–cis isomerization pathways in the electronic ground state and in the first excited triplet state were determined. Further, spin–orbit coupling calculations were carried out at selected points where singlet‐triplet energy gaps are small. The calculations reveal that the primarily excited, optically bright 11Bu state undergoes a curve crossing with the optically dark multiconfigurational 21Ag state upon geometry relaxation in the excited state. The strong vibronic coupling of the two singlets in the neighborhood of the conical intersection provides a conclusive explanation for the experimentally observed fast equilibration of the states and the appearance of delayed fluorescence. With regard to the trans–cis isomerization of the central CC bond, the perpendicular conformation is found to represent a maximum on the energy profile not only of the electronic ground state, but also of the low‐lying excited states. The lack of a strong driving force along the torsional coordinate explains the low tendency of DPH for isomerization. Finally, the results of our spin–orbit coupling calculations suggest that the intramolecular formation of DPH molecules in the T1 (13Bu) state proceeds from the 11Bu state and involves intermediately the T2 (13Ag) state.
Selective effects of NF‐κB1 deficiency in CD4+ T cells on Th2 and TFh induction by alum‐precipitated protein vaccines
Authors: Serre Karine , Mohr Elodie , Bénézech Cécile , Bird Roger , Khan Mahmood , Caamaño Jorge H. , Cunningham Adam F. , MacLennan Ian C. M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNF‐κB1‐dependent signaling directs the development of CD4+ Th2 cells during allergic airway inflammation and protective responses to helminth infection. Here, we show that IL‐4 and IL‐13 production is NF‐κB1‐dependent in mouse OVA‐specific CD4+ (OTII) T cells responding to alum‐precipitated OVA (alumOVA) immunization. More surprisingly, we found that NF‐κB1 deficiency in OTII cells also selectively impairs their CXCR5 induction by alumOVA without affecting upregulation of BCL6, IL‐21, OX40 and CXCR4 mRNA and PD‐1 protein. This results in functional impairment of follicular helper T cells. Thus, fewer germinal center B cells develop in LN responses to alumOVA in T‐cell‐deficient mice reconstituted with NF‐κB1−/− OTII cells as opposed to NF‐κB1+/+ OTII cells, while plasma cell numbers are comparable. Unlike CXCR5 induction in CD4+ T cells, NF‐κB1‐deficient recirculating follicular B cells are shown to express normal levels of CXCR5. The selective effects of NF‐κB1‐deficiency on Th2 and follicular helper T cell induction do not appear to be due to altered expression of the Th2‐associated transcription factors — GATA‐3, c‐Maf and Ikaros. Altogether, these results suggest that NF‐κB1 regulates the expression of CXCR5 on CD4+ T cells primed in vivo, and thus selectively controls the T‐cell‐dependent germinal center component of B‐cell response to alumOVA.
Risk of new vertebral fractures in patients with adrenal incidentaloma with and without subclinical hypercortisolism: A multicenter longitudinal study
Authors: Morelli Valentina , Eller-Vainicher Cristina , Salcuni Antonio Stefano , Coletti Francesca , Iorio Laura , Muscogiuri Giovanna , Della Casa Silvia , Arosio Maura , Ambrosi Bruno , Beck-Peccoz Paolo , Chiodini Iacopo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
In patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AIs), cross-sectional studies suggested the presence of an association between subclinical hypercortisolism (SH) and an increased prevalence of vertebral fractures (VFx) and spinal deformity index (SDI), which is a clinical index of bone quality. No longitudinal studies investigated the incidence of VFx and SDI changes over time in SH. The aim of this study was to evaluate VFx risk and SDI changes in SH over time. One-hundred-three consecutive AI patients were studied at baseline and after 12 and 24 months. Patients were divided into SH+ (n = 27) and SH– (n = 76) groups on the basis of the presence of two or more among urinary free cortisol greater than 70 µg/24 hours, serum cortisol after 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test greater than 3.0 µg/dL, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) less than 10 pg/mL in 2 or more of the 3 evaluations. At baseline and after 24 months, bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and the presence of VFx and SDI by summing the grade of deformity for each vertebra were evaluated. At the end of follow-up, the SH+ group showed a higher prevalence of VFx (81.5%) as compared with baseline (55.6%, p = .04) and a worsening of SDI (2.11 ± 1.85 versus 1.11 ± 1.47, p = .032) associated with SH regardless of age, gender, body mass index , BMD, baseline SDI, menopause duration [odds ratio (OR) = 12.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.1–36.5, p = .001]. The incidence of new vertebral fractures was higher in the SH+ group (48%) than in the SH– group (13%; p = .001). It is concluded that subclinical hypercortisolism is associated with an increased risk of VFx and a possible deterioration of bone quality. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Nucleosides accelerate inflammatory osteolysis, acting as distinct innate immune activators
Authors: Pan George , Zheng Rui , Yang Pingar , Li Yao , Clancy John P. , Liu Jianzhong , Feng Xu , Garber David A , Spearman Paul , McDonald Jay M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The innate immune system and its components play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bone destruction. Blockade of inflammatory cytokines does not completely arrest bone erosion, suggesting that other mediators also may be involved in osteolysis. Previously we showed that nucleosides promote osteoclastogenesis and bone-resorption activity in the presence of receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in vitro. The studies described here further demonstrate that selected nucleosides and nucleoside analogues accelerate bone destruction in mice immunized with collagen II alone (CII) but also further enhance bone erosion in mice immunized by collagen II plus complete Freund's adjuvant (CII + CFA). Abundant osteoclasts are accumulated in destructive joints. These data indicate that nucleosides act as innate immune activators distinct from CFA, synergistically accelerating osteoclast formation and inflammatory osteolysis. The potential roles of the surface triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) and the intracellular inflammasome in nucleoside-enhanced osteoclastogenesis have been studied. These observations provide new insight into the pathogenesis and underlying mechanism of bone destruction in inflammatory autoimmune osteoarthritis. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
DSM‐5 and ICD‐11 on personality disorder: A lawyer's perspective
Authors: Bartlett Peter 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTMedical definitions are not merely abstract categorizations. They are used in the real world, where they have social effects, and nowhere is this more true than for diagnoses of personality disorder. This article considers the relevance of personality disorder in legal contexts and questions whether meaningful analysis of how the new diagnostic structures proposed for ICD‐11 and DSM‐5 will play out in real, social situations has been carried out. Without such analysis, it is not possible to know whether the new criteria will be an improvement or a step backwards. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomics of corynebacteria: From biotechnology workhorses to pathogens
Authors: Poetsch Ansgar , Haußmann Ute , Burkovski Andreas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCorynebacteria belong to the high G+C Gram‐positive bacteria (Actinobacteria) and are closely related to Mycobacterium and Nocardia species. The best investigated member of this group of almost seventy species is Corynebacterium glutamicum, a soil bacterium isolated in 1957, which is used for the industrial production of more than two million tons of amino acids per year. This review focuses on the technical advances made in proteomics approaches during the last years and summarizes applications of these techniques with respect to C. glutamicum metabolic pathways and stress response. Additionally, selected proteome applications for other biotechnologically important or pathogenic corynebacteria are described.
Ellipsometry as a probe of crystallization in binary blends of a sphere‐forming diblock copolymer
Authors: Carvalho Jessica L. , Somers Michael E. , Dalnoki‐Veress Kari 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEllipsometry is used to measure the crystallization and melting temperature of a bidisperse blend of a crystalline‐amorphous diblock copolymer. Binary blends of sphere‐forming poly(butadiene‐ethylene oxide) (PB‐PEO) of two different molecular weights are prepared. The two PB‐PEO diblocks that are used share the same amorphous majority PB block length but different crystalline PEO minority block length. As the concentration of higher molecular weight diblock in the blend is increased, the size of the PEO spherical domains swell, providing access to the full range of domain sizes between the limits of the two neat diblock components. The change in domain size is consistent with a monotonic change in both the crystallization and melting temperatures. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Directed Expression of Gata2, Mash1, and Foxa2 Synergize to Induce the Serotonergic Neuron Phenotype During In Vitro Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Nefzger Christian M. , Haynes John M. , Pouton Colin W. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Investigation of serotonergic neuronal activity and its relationship to disease has been limited by a lack of physiologically relevant in vitro cell models. Serotonergic neurons derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) could provide a platform for such studies and provide models for use in drug discovery. Here, we report enhancement of serotonergic differentiation using a genetic approach. Expression of Gata2 increased the yield of serotonergic neurons. Enhancement was only achieved when Gata2 was expressed under the control of the tissue-specific promoter of the transcription factor Nkx6.1. High levels of Gata2 expression in ESCs compromised pluripotency and induced non-neuronal differentiation. Combined directed expression of Gata2, proneural gene Mash1, and forkhead transcription factor Foxa2 further enhanced serotonergic neural differentiation, resulting in a 10-fold increase in serotonin content. These neurons were also capable of depolarization (KCl, 30 mM)-induced elevations of intracellular Ca2+. The presence of sonic hedgehog during differentiation produced a further modest increase in numbers (1.5-fold). Transgene expression did not influence the number of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in the cultures after 20 days, implying that Gata2, Mash1, and Foxa2 modulate in vitro differentiation at a time beyond the decision-point for dopaminergic or nondopaminergic commitment. This study demonstrates that the directed expression of specific transcription factors enhances serotonergic neuron differentiation in vitro and highlights the importance of transgene expression at the right stage of ESC differentiation to effect the generation of a desired neural subtype.
Changes in stand structure due to the cessation of traditional land use in wooded meadows impoverish epiphytic lichen communities
Authors: LEPPIK Ede , JÜRIADO Inga , LIIRA Jaan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWooded meadows with a history of traditional land use over thousands of years support a great diversity of various taxa. Today, however, high-species-rich communities in wooded meadows are threatened because of the cessation of traditional management in large areas. We studied lichen communities on 136 deciduous trees (Betulaspp.,Fraxinus excelsiorandQuercus robur) in 12 wooded meadows in three regions of Estonia, and assessed the effect of habitat change due to the abandonment of traditional management on epiphytic lichen species composition, considering factors on three spatial scales: regional, habitat and individual tree. The variation partitioning approach in partial Canonical Correspondence Analysis (pCCA) revealed that most of the variation in species composition is described by the species of host tree and tree bark pH. Other tree level variables, foremost tree diameter, described as much of the compositional variation as geographic location (region) or environmental conditions in wooded meadows. Of the environmental factors studied, woodland canopy cover is the strongest predictor of the change in epiphytic lichen species composition from the community type of semi-open wooded meadows to species-poor communities characteristic of secondary forest. General Linear Model (GLM) analysis of the abundance of the 35 most frequently observed lichen species revealed that more than half of them (21) are influenced by site openness (canopy cover and/or undergrowth density), showing that increasing canopy cover has a negative effect on the abundance of epiphytic lichen species characteristic of traditionally managed semi-open wooded meadows. The results emphasize that the preservation of large old deciduous trees of various species and the maintenance of the semi-open structure of stands are vitally important for the protection of epiphytic lichen communities in wooded meadows.
Chemotaxonomic study of the Lethariella cladonioides complex (lichenized Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae)
Authors: NIU Dong-ling , HARADA Hiroshi , WANG Li-song , ZHANG Ying-jun , YANG Chong-ren 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA chemotaxonomic study was carried out on the Lethariella cladonioides complex, including L. sernanderi and L. cashmeriana of the subgenus Chlorea, based on extensive field surveys and a detailed morphological and chemical analysis. Only one species, L. cladonioides made up of five chemical races, is recognized. Lethariella sernanderi and L. cashmeriana are reduced to synonyms under L. cladonioides. The presence of a remarkable chemical polymorphism within the population of L. cladonioides is demonstrated. New data on the chemistry and the distribution of the species are presented.
Cross-focusing of two hollow Gaussian laser beams in plasmas
Authors: Gupta Ruchika , Sharma Prerana , Rafat M. , Sharma R.P. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis article presents the cross-focusing of two high power dark hollow Gaussian beams in plasma when relativistic nonlinearity is operative. A paraxial like approach has been used in the present analysis. In this study, the non-linear dielectric function has been expanded in terms of radial distance from the maximum of the irradiance, rather than from the axis, as is the case of Gaussian beams. The nature of propagation of a hollow Gaussian beam propagating in plasmas has been studied under the influence of relativistic non-linearity. The effect on the order (n) of hollow Gaussian beam on the cross-focusing of two beams has been explored in relativistic non-linearity in this publication.