bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Ischemic Events in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Dabigatran or Warfarin in the RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy) Trial
Authors: Hohnloser Stefan H. , Oldgren Jonas , Yang Sean , Wallentin Lars , Ezekowitz Michael , Reilly Paul , Eikelboom John , Brueckmann Martina , Yusuf Salim , Connolly Stuart J. 
Published: January 2012

Background—
There is a modest risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and myocardial ischemic events in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results—

Data from the RE-LY study (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy) were used to report rates of MI, unstable angina, cardiac arrest, and cardiac death and the prespecified net clinical benefit and treatment effects of dabigatran versus warfarin. MI occurred at annual rates of 0.82% and 0.81% with dabigatran 110 or 150 mg BID compared with 0.64% with warfarin (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96–1.75,
P
=0.09 for dabigatran 110 mg; HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.94–1.71,
P
=0.12 for dabigatran 150 mg). Annual rates of a composite of MI, unstable angina, cardiac arrest, and cardiac death were 3.16% per year with dabigatran 110 mg, 3.33% per year with dabigatran 150 mg, and 3.41% per year with warfarin (HR versus warfarin 0.93, 95% CI 0.80–1.06,
P
=0.28 for dabigatran 110 mg and HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.85–1.12,
P
=0.77 for dabigatran 150 mg). Events prespecified as “net clinical benefit” (all strokes, systemic embolism, MI, pulmonary embolism, major bleeding, and all-cause death) occurred at a rate of 7.34% per year with dabigatran 110 mg, 7.11% per year with dabigatran 150 mg, and 7.91% per year with warfarin (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.84–1.01,
P
=0.09 for dabigatran 110 mg and HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.99,
P
=0.02 for dabigatran 150 mg). The relative effects of dabigatran versus warfarin on myocardial ischemic events were consistent in patients with or without a baseline history of MI or coronary artery disease.

Conclusions—
There was a nonsignificant increase in MI with dabigatran compared with warfarin, but other myocardial ischemic events were not increased. Treatment effects of dabigatran were consistent in patients at higher and lower risk of myocardial ischemic events.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT 00262600.
Accuracy and Precision of the Prodigy AutoCode Blood Glucose Monitor
Authors: Prohaska Emily S. , Herring Charles , Russell Gregory B. , Smith Jennifer D. 
Published: January 2012

Objectives: To assess the accuracy and precision of the Prodigy AutoCode blood glucose monitor. Methods: This open-label, prospective equivalence study was conducted at Wilson Community Health Center in Wilson, North Carolina. Accuracy was assessed by comparing finger stick blood glucose values to venipuncture. Precision was assessed by comparing consecutive finger stick blood glucose values from 2 Prodigy AutoCode monitors. Data were analyzed using paired t tests, signed rank tests, regression, and mixed effect models. Results: Fifty-three subjects completed the study. Meter 1 produced 14 (26%) and meter 2 produced 13 (25%) blood glucose readings outside the acceptable error margin of ±20% set by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Neither meter was accurate compared to venipuncture ( P < .001 for both). Consecutive blood glucose results obtained from meters 1 and 2 were precise (meter 1 vs 2, P = .533). Conclusions: The Prodigy AutoCode demonstrated precision between two different monitors but was inaccurate compared to venipuncture. Less than the required 95% of blood glucose values from each monitor fell within the acceptable 20% error margin relative to venipuncture. All readings outside the acceptable error margin were overestimations, indicating potentially significant safety concerns including untreated or undertreated hypoglycemia.
IDH2 mutations are frequent in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Cairns Rob A. , Iqbal Javeed , Lemonnier François , Kucuk Can , de Leval Laurence , Jais Jean-Philippe , Parrens Marie , Martin Antoine , Xerri Luc , Brousset Pierre , Chan Li Chong , Chan Wing-Chung , Gaulard Philippe , Mak Tak W. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) occur in most grade 2 and 3 gliomas, secondary glioblastomas, and a subset of acute myelogenous leukemias but have not been detected in other tumor types. The mutations occur at specific arginine residues and result in the acquisition of a novel enzymatic activity that converts 2-oxoglutarate to D-2-hydroxyglutarate. This study reports IDH1 and IDH2 genotyping results from a set of lymphomas, which included a large set of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. IDH2 mutations were identified in approximately 20% of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AITLs), but not in other peripheral T-cell lymphoma entities. These results were confirmed in an independent set of AITL patients, where the IDH2 mutation rate was approximately 45%. This is the second common genetic lesion identified in AITL after TET2 and extends the number of neoplastic diseases where IDH1 and IDH2 mutations may play a role.
Combined inactivation of the Clostridium cellulolyticum lactate and malate dehydrogenase genes substantially increases ethanol yield from cellulose and switchgrass fermentations
Authors: Li Yongchao , Tschaplinski Timothy J , Engle Nancy L , Hamilton Choo Y , Rodriguez Miguel , Liao James C , Schadt Christopher W , Guss Adam M , Yang Yunfeng , Graham David E 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
The model bacterium Clostridium cellulolyticum efficiently degrades crystalline cellulose and hemicellulose, using cellulosomes to degrade lignocellulosic biomass. Although it imports and ferments both pentose and hexose sugars to produce a mixture of ethanol, acetate, lactate, H2 and CO2, the proportion of ethanol is low, which impedes its use in consolidated bioprocessing for biofuels production. Therefore genetic engineering will likely be required to improve the ethanol yield. Plasmid transformation, random mutagenesis and heterologous expression systems have previously been developed for C. cellulolyticum, but targeted mutagenesis has not been reported for this organism, hindering genetic engineering.

Results
The first targeted gene inactivation system was developed for C. cellulolyticum, based on a mobile group II intron originating from the Lactococcus lactis L1.LtrB intron. This markerless mutagenesis system was used to disrupt both the paralogous L-lactate dehydrogenase (Ccel_2485; ldh) and L-malate dehydrogenase (Ccel_0137; mdh) genes, distinguishing the overlapping substrate specificities of these enzymes. Both mutations were then combined in a single strain, resulting in a substantial shift in fermentation toward ethanol production. This double mutant produced 8.5-times more ethanol than wild-type cells growing on crystalline cellulose. Ethanol constituted 93% of the major fermentation products, corresponding to a molar ratio of ethanol to organic acids of 15, versus 0.18 in wild-type cells. During growth on acid-pretreated switchgrass, the double mutant also produced four times as much ethanol as wild-type cells. Detailed metabolomic analyses identified increased flux through the oxidative branch of the mutant's tricarboxylic acid pathway.

Conclusions
The efficient intron-based gene inactivation system produced the first non-random, targeted mutations in C. cellulolyticum. As a key component of the genetic toolbox for this bacterium, markerless targeted mutagenesis enables functional genomic research in C. cellulolyticum and rapid genetic engineering to significantly alter the mixture of fermentation products. The initial application of this system successfully engineered a strain with high ethanol productivity from cellobiose, cellulose and switchgrass.
ROS1 Rearrangements Define a Unique Molecular Class of Lung Cancers
Authors: Bergethon Kristin , Shaw Alice T. , Ignatius Ou Sai-Hong , Katayama Ryohei , Lovly Christine M. , McDonald Nerina T. , Massion Pierre P. , Siwak-Tapp Christina , Gonzalez Adriana , Fang Rong , Mark Eugene J. , Batten Julie M. , Chen Haiquan , Wilner Keith D. , Kwak Eunice L. , Clark Jeffrey W. , Carbone David P. , Ji Hongbin , Engelman Jeffrey A. , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Pao William , Iafrate A. John 
Published: January 2012

Purpose Chromosomal rearrangements involving the ROS1 receptor tyrosine kinase gene have recently been described in a subset of non–small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Because little is known about these tumors, we examined the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with NSCLC with ROS1 rearrangement. Patients and Methods Using a ROS1 fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay, we screened 1,073 patients with NSCLC and correlated ROS1 rearrangement status with clinical characteristics, overall survival, and when available, ALK rearrangement status. In vitro studies assessed the responsiveness of cells with ROS1 rearrangement to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib. The clinical response of one patient with ROS1-rearranged NSCLC to crizotinib was investigated as part of an expanded phase I cohort. Results Of 1,073 tumors screened, 18 (1.7%) were ROS1 rearranged by FISH, and 31 (2.9%) were ALK rearranged. Compared with the ROS1-negative group, patients with ROS1 rearrangements were significantly younger and more likely to be never-smokers (each P < .001). All of the ROS1-positive tumors were adenocarcinomas, with a tendency toward higher grade. ROS1-positive and -negative groups showed no difference in overall survival. The HCC78 ROS1-rearranged NSCLC cell line and 293 cells transfected with CD74-ROS1 showed evidence of sensitivity to crizotinib. The patient treated with crizotinib showed tumor shrinkage, with a near complete response. Conclusion ROS1 rearrangement defines a molecular subset of NSCLC with distinct clinical characteristics that are similar to those observed in patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC. Crizotinib shows in vitro activity and early evidence of clinical activity in ROS1-rearranged NSCLC.
Perpendicularly Oriented Cylinder Nanostructure of Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymer Film on Si Substrate with Various Surface Wettability
Authors: Komiyama Hideaki , Iyoda Tomokazu , Kamata Kaori 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Hexagonally arranged PEO cylinders in the PEOm-b-PMA(Az)n thin film were perpendicularly oriented on Si wafer substrates with a wide range of water contact angle (&lt;5° to 85°) by controlled modification with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). Additionally, the film was stiffly adhered on the modified substrate due to an anchoring effect of partly covered monolayer of OTS.
Triply Radical-coordinated Gadolinium(III) Complex as a High-spin S = 5 Assembly
Authors: Ikegaya Naoya , Kanetomo Takuya , Murakami Rina , Ishida Takayuki 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
A discrete Gd3+ and radical complex was prepared and characterized to be [Gd(hfac)3(HNN)3] by means of X-ray crystallographic analysis, where Hhfac stands for 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoropentane-2,4-dione and HNN for 4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazolin-1-oxyl 3-oxide. A magnetic study revealed the presence of ferromagnetic exchange coupling with 2J/kB = 3.86(6) K, ascribable to the Gd–HNN interaction.
Selective Synthesis of C3 Symmetric Functionalized Sumanenes
Authors: Higashibayashi Shuhei , Nasir Baig R B , Morita Yuki , Sakurai Hidehiro 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
C 3 symmetric triformylsumanene was selectively synthesized from C3 symmetric syn-tris(oxonorborneno)benzene, featuring ring-opening/closing metathesis reactions of syn-tris(methoxymethylnorbornadieno)benzene and DDQ oxidation. Triformylsumanene can be an intermediate to synthesize C3 symmetric trisubstituted sumanenes by further transformation. Tris(ethoxycarbonylethenyl)sumanene was prepared through the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction. Its optical and electrochemical behaviors were investigated.
pH-responsive Dendritic Gelators
Authors: Chen Ching-Yi , Ito Yumiko , Chiu Yu-Cheng , Wu Wen-Chung , Higashihara Tomoya , Ueda Mitsuru , Chen Wen-Chang 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The pH responsibility of cationic charged dendrons, which were previously synthesized for DNA-sensing applications, was investigated. The first and second generation amide dendrons G1 and G2 formed hydrogels under basic conditions, but the hydrogel returned to the fluid state under acidic conditions; this process was completely reversible. In addition, the fluorescence of the diluted G1, G2, and G3 solutions also showed a high sensitivity to the pH value.
The contribution of the coronoid and radial head to the stability of the elbow
Authors: Jeon I. H. , Sanchez-Sotelo J. , Zhao K. , An K. N. , Morrey B. M. 
Published: January 2012

We undertook this study to determine the minimum amount of coronoid necessary to stabilise an otherwise intact elbow joint. Regan–Morrey types II and III, plus medial and lateral oblique coronoid fractures, collectively termed type IV fractures, were simulated in nine fresh cadavers. An electromagnetic tracking system defined the three-dimensional stability of the ulna relative to the humerus. The coronoid surface area accounts for 59% of the anterior articulation. Alteration in valgus, internal and external rotation occurred only with a type III coronoid fracture, accounting for 68% of the coronoid and 40% of the entire articular surface. A type II fracture removed 42% of the coronoid articulation and 25% of the entire articular surface but was associated with valgus and external rotational changes only when the radial head was removed, thereby removing 67% of the articular surface. We conclude that all type III fractures, as defined here, are unstable, even with intact ligaments and a radial head. However, a type II deficiency is stable unless the radial head is removed. Our study suggests that isolated medial-oblique or lateral-oblique fractures, and even a type II fracture with intact ligaments and a functional radial head, can be clinically stable, which is consistent with clinical observation.
The treatment of locally recurrent chondrosarcoma
Authors: Streitbuerger A. , Ahrens H. , Gosheger G. , Henrichs M. , Balke M. , Dieckmann R. , Hardes J. 
Published: January 2012

The aim of this study was to define the treatment criteria for patients with recurrent chondrosarcoma. We reviewed the data of 77 patients to examine the influence of factors such as the intention of treatment (curative/palliative), extent of surgery, resection margins, status of disease at the time of local recurrence and the grade of the tumour. A total of 70 patients underwent surgery for recurrent chondrosarcoma. In seven patients surgery was not a viable option. Metastatic disease occurred in 41 patients, appearing synchronously with the local recurrence in 56% of cases. For patients without metastasis at the time of local recurrence, the overall survival at a mean follow-up after recurrence of 67 months (0 to 289) was 74% (5 of 27) compared with 19% (13 of 50) for patients with metastasis at or before the development of the recurrence. Neither the type/extent of surgery, site of tumour, nor the resection margins for the recurrent tumour significantly influenced the overall survival. With limited survival for patients with metastatic disease at the time of local recurrence (0% for patients with grade III and de-differentiated chondrosarcoma), palliative treatment, including local radiation therapy and debulking procedures, should be discussed with the patients to avoid long hospitalisation and functional deficits. For patients without metastasis at the time of local recurrence, the overall survival of 74% justifies an aggressive approach including wide resection margins and extensive reconstruction.
A comparison of a less invasive piriformis-sparing approach versus the standard posterior approach to the hip
Authors: Khan R. J. K. , Maor D. , Hofmann M. , Haebich S. 
Published: January 2012

We undertook a randomised controlled trial to compare the piriformis-sparing approach with the standard posterior approach used for total hip replacement (THR). We recruited 100 patients awaiting THR and randomly allocated them to either the piriformis-sparing approach or the standard posterior approach. Pre- and post-operative care programmes and rehabilitation regimes were identical for both groups. Observers were blinded to the allocation throughout; patients were blinded until the two-week assessment. Follow-up was at six weeks, three months, one year and two years. In all 11 patients died or were lost to follow-up. There was no significant difference between groups for any of the functional outcomes. However, for patients in the piriformis-sparing group there was a trend towards a better six-minute walk test at two weeks and greater patient satisfaction at six weeks. The acetabular components were less anteverted (p = 0.005) and had a lower mean inclination angle (p = 0.02) in the piriformis-sparing group. However, in both groups the mean component positions were within Lewinnek’s safe zone. Surgeons perceived the piriformis-sparing approach to be significantly more difficult than the standard approach (p = 0.03), particularly in obese patients. In conclusion, performing THR through a shorter incision involving sparing piriformis is more difficult and only provides short-term benefits compared with the standard posterior approach.
Frozen shoulder
Authors: Robinson C. M. , Seah K. T. M , Chee Y. H. , Hindle P. , Murray I. R. 
Published: January 2012

Frozen shoulder is commonly encountered in general orthopaedic practice. It may arise spontaneously without an obvious predisposing cause, or be associated with a variety of local or systemic disorders. Diagnosis is based upon the recognition of the characteristic features of the pain, and selective limitation of passive external rotation. The macroscopic and histological features of the capsular contracture are well-defined, but the underlying pathological processes remain poorly understood. It may cause protracted disability, and imposes a considerable burden on health service resources. Most patients are still managed by physiotherapy in primary care, and only the more refractory cases are referred for specialist intervention. Targeted therapy is not possible and treatment remains predominantly symptomatic. However, over the last ten years, more active interventions that may shorten the clinical course, such as capsular distension arthrography and arthroscopic capsular release, have become more popular.This review describes the clinical and pathological features of frozen shoulder. We also outline the current treatment options, review the published results and present our own treatment algorithm.
Upsizing the femoral component increases patellofemoral contact force in total knee replacement
Authors: Kawahara S. , Matsuda S. , Fukagawa S. , Mitsuyasu H. , Nakahara H. , Higaki H. , Shimoto T. , Iwamoto Y. 
Published: January 2012

In posterior stabilised total knee replacement (TKR) a larger femoral component is sometimes selected to manage the increased flexion gap caused by resection of the posterior cruciate ligament. However, concerns remain regarding the adverse effect of the increased anteroposterior dimensions of the femoral component on the patellofemoral (PF) joint. Meanwhile, the gender-specific femoral component has a narrower and thinner anterior flange and is expected to reduce the PF contact force. PF contact forces were measured at 90°, 120°, 130° and 140° of flexion using the NexGen Legacy Posterior Stabilized (LPS)-Flex Fixed Bearing Knee system using Standard, Upsized and Gender femoral components during TKR. Increasing the size of the femoral component significantly increased mean PF forces at 120°, 130° and 140° of flexion (p = 0.005, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). No difference was found in contact force between the Gender and the Standard components. Among the patients who had overhang of the Standard component, mean contact forces with the Gender component were slightly lower than those of the Standard component, but no statistical difference was found at 90°, 120°, 130° or 140° of flexion (p = 0.689, 0.615, 0.253 and 0.248, respectively). Upsized femoral components would increase PF forces in deep knee flexion. Gender-specific implants would not reduce PF forces.
Reliability and validity of measuring version of the acetabular component
Authors: Nho J-H. , Lee Y-K. , Kim H. J. , Ha Y-C. , Suh Y-S. , Koo K-H. 
Published: January 2012

A variety of radiological methods of measuring version of the acetabular component after total hip replacement (THR) have been described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of six methods (those of Lewinnek; Widmer; Hassan et al; Ackland, Bourne and Uhthoff; Liaw et al; and Woo and Morrey) that are currently in use. In 36 consecutive patients who underwent THR, version of the acetabular component was measured by three independent examiners on plain radiographs using these six methods and compared with measurements using CT scans. The intra- and interobserver reliabilities of each measurement were estimated. All measurements on both radiographs and CT scans had excellent intra- and interobserver reliability and the results from each of the six methods correlated well with the CT measurements. However, measurements made using the methods of Widmer and of Ackland, Bourne and Uhthoff were significantly different from the CT measurements (both p < 0.001), whereas measurements made using the remaining four methods were similar to the CT measurements. With regard to reliability and convergent validity, we recommend the use of the methods described by Lewinnek, Hassan et al, Liaw et al and Woo and Morrey for measurement of version of the acetabular component.
Use of the reamer–irrigator–aspirator technique to obtain autograft for ankle and hindfoot arthrodesis
Authors: Herscovici, Jr D. , Scaduto J. M. 
Published: January 2012

The use of autograft bone is the best option when undertaking a procedure that requires bone graft because it is osteogenic, osteoconductive and osseo-inductive. Pain, morbidity and complications associated with harvesting iliac or non-iliac sites occur in between 6% and 30% of cases. An alternative source of graft with possibly a lower morbidity is the intramedullary canal. In this study, 28 patients undergoing 30 arthrodesis procedures on the hindfoot had a mean of 48 cm3 (43 to 50) of bone harvested locally from the hindfoot or the tibial shaft by antegrade or retrograde reaming. No patient sustained a fracture of the calcaneum, talus or tibia. There was no morbidity except for one complication when the reamer breached the medial tibial cortex. This healed uneventfully. This method of using the reamer–irrigator–aspirator system is an extension of the standard technique of intramedullary reaming of the lower limb: it produces good-quality bone graft with viable growth factors consistent with that of the iliac crest, and donor site morbidity is low. This is an efficient method of obtaining autologous bone for use in arthrodesis of the ankle or hindfoot.
Current concepts in osteolysis
Authors: Ollivere B. , Wimhurst J. A. , M. Clark I. , Donell S. T. 
Published: January 2012

The most frequent cause of failure after total hip replacement in all reported arthroplasty registries is peri-prosthetic osteolysis. Osteolysis is an active biological process initiated in response to wear debris. The eventual response to this process is the activation of macrophages and loss of bone.Activation of macrophages initiates a complex biological cascade resulting in the final common pathway of an increase in osteolytic activity. The biological initiators, mechanisms for and regulation of this process are beginning to be understood. This article explores current concepts in the causes of, and underlying biological mechanism resulting in peri-prosthetic osteolysis, reviewing the current basic science and clinical literature surrounding the topic.