bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External exercise information provides no immediate additional performance benefit to untrained individuals in time trial cycling
Authors: Williams C A , Bailey S D , Mauger A R 
Published: November 2011

ObjectiveTo determine the importance of the provision of external exercise information to the setting of the pacing strategy, in subjects unfamiliar with a cycling task.DesignTwenty-two healthy, untrained cyclists (VO2max, 50±9 mL−1·kg−1·min−1) were randomly assigned to a control (CON) group or an experimental (EXP) group and two successive 4 km time trials (TT) were performed, separated by a 17 min recovery. The CON group received distance knowledge and distance feedback; the EXP group received neither, but knew that each TT was to be of the same distanceResultsNo significant difference in completion time (p>0.05) was observed between the groups for either time to complete TT one (TT1) (CON=443±33 s versus EXP=471±63 s) or time to complete TT two (time trial 2) (CON=461 ±37 s versus EXP=501±94 s). No significant difference in the final RPE was observed between groups. However, a significant interaction for RPE (rating of perceived exertion)×TT in the CON was observed (F7,70=5.32, p<0.05), with significantly higher RPE values in the final kilometre of TT2 (p<0.05).ConclusionThe lack of any performance improvement in either group, despite the differences in exercise information received, indicates both a reliance on the afferent feedback for setting a pacing strategy and slow learning effect from practice in subjects unfamiliar with the task. The modification in RPE profile observed in the CON, despite no performance improvement, suggests exercise perception based changes may pre-empt work rate based changes and thus not immediately translate to improved performance.
Effects of a multicentre teamwork and communication programme on patient outcomes: results from the Triad for Optimal Patient Safety (TOPS) project
Authors: Auerbach Andrew D , Sehgal Niraj L , Blegen Mary A , Maselli Judith , Alldredge Brian K , Vittinghoff Eric , Wachter Robert M 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundImproving communication between caregivers is an important approach to improving safety.ObjectiveTo implement teamwork and communication interventions and evaluate their impact on patient outcomes.DesignA prospective, interrupted time series of a three-phase intervention: a run-in period (phase 1), during which a training programme was given to providers and staff on each unit; phase 2, which focused on unit-based safety teams to identify and address care problems using skills from phase 1; and phase 3, which focused on engaging patients in communication efforts.SettingGeneral medical inpatient units at three northern California hospitals.PatientsAdministrative data were collected from all adults admitted to the target units, and a convenience sample of patients interviewed during and after hospitalisation.MeasurementsReadmission, length of stay and patient reports of teamwork, problems with care, and overall satisfaction.Results10 977 patients were admitted; 581 patients (5.3% of total sample) were interviewed in hospital, and 313 (2.9% overall, 53.8% of interviewed patients) completed 1-month surveys. No phase of the study was associated with adjusted differences in readmission or length of stay. The phase 2 intervention appeared to be associated with improvement in reports of whether physicians treated them with respect, whether nurses treated them with respect or understood their needs (p<0.05 for all). Interestingly, patients were more likely to perceive that an error took place with their care and agreed less that their caregivers worked well together as a team. No phase had a consistent impact on patient reports of care processes or overall satisfaction.LimitationsThe study lacks direct measures of patient safety.ConclusionsEfforts to simultaneously improve caregivers' ability to troubleshoot care and enhance communication may improve patients' perception of team functions, but may also increase patients' perception of safety gaps.
EZH2 Mediates Epigenetic Silencing of Neuroblastoma Suppressor Genes CASZ1, CLU, RUNX3, and NGFR
Authors: Wang Chunxi , Liu Zhihui , Woo Chan-Wook , Li Zhijie , Wang Lifeng , Wei Jun S. , Marquez Victor E. , Bates Susan E. , Jin Qihuang , Khan Javed , Ge Kai , Thiele Carol J. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumor with an undifferentiated status and generally poor prognosis, but the basis for these characteristics remains unknown. In this study, we show that upregulation of the Polycomb protein histone methyltransferase EZH2, which limits differentiation in many tissues, is critical to maintain the undifferentiated state and poor prognostic status of NB by epigenetic repression of multiple tumor suppressor genes. We identified this role for EZH2 by examining the regulation of CASZ1, a recently identified NB tumor suppressor gene whose ectopic restoration inhibits NB cell growth and induces differentiation. Reducing EZH2 expression by RNA interference–mediated knockdown or pharmacologic inhibiton with 3-deazaneplanocin A increased CASZ1 expression, inhibited NB cell growth, and induced neurite extension. Similarly, EZH2−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) displayed 3-fold higher levels of CASZ1 mRNA compared with EZH2+/+ MEFs. In cells with increased expression of CASZ1, treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor decreased expression of EZH2 and the Polycomb Repressor complex component SUZ12. Under steady-state conditions, H3K27me3 and PRC2 components bound to the CASZ1 gene were enriched, but this enrichment was decreased after HDAC inhibitor treatment. We determined that the tumor suppressors CLU, NGFR, and RUNX3 were also directly repressed by EZH2 like CASZ1 in NB cells. Together, our findings establish that aberrant upregulation of EZH2 in NB cells silences several tumor suppressors, which contribute to the genesis and maintenance of the undifferentiated phenotype of NB tumors. Cancer Res; 72(1); 315–24. ©2011 AACR.
Expression and Function of Survivin in Canine Osteosarcoma
Authors: Shoeneman Jenette K. , Ehrhart E.J. , Eickhoff Jens C. , Charles J.B. , Powers Barbara E. , Thamm Douglas H. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Osteosarcoma has a high mortality rate and remains in need of more effective therapeutic approaches. Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis family member protein that blocks apoptosis and drives proliferation in human cancer cells where it is commonly elevated. In this study, we illustrate the superiority of a canine osteosarcoma model as a translational tool for evaluating survivin-directed therapies, owing to the striking similarities in gross and microscopic appearance, biologic behavior, gene expression, and signaling pathway alterations. Elevated survivin expression in primary canine osteosarcoma tissue correlated with increased histologic grade and mitotic index and a decreased disease-free interval (DFI). Survivin attenuation in canine osteosarcoma cells inhibited cell-cycle progression, increased apoptosis, mitotic arrest, and chemosensitivity, and cooperated with chemotherapy to significantly improve in vivo tumor control. Our findings illustrate the utility of a canine system to more accurately model human osteosarcoma and strongly suggest that survivin-directed therapies might be highly effective in its treatment. Cancer Res; 72(1); 249–59. ©2011 AACR.
CPTH6, a Thiazole Derivative, Induces Histone Hypoacetylation and Apoptosis in Human Leukemia Cells
Authors: Trisciuoglio Daniela , Ragazzoni Ylenia , Pelosi Andrea , Desideri Marianna , Carradori Simone , Gabellini Chiara , Maresca Giovanna , Nescatelli Riccardo , Secci Daniela , Bolasco Adriana , Bizzarri Bruna , Cavaliere Chiara , D'Agnano Igea , Filetici Patrizia , Ricci-Vitiani Lucia , Rizzo Maria Giulia , Del Bufalo Donatella 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Purpose: We previously identified novel thiazole derivatives able to reduce histone acetylation and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity in yeast. Among these compounds, 3-methylcyclopentylidene-[4-(4′-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]hydrazone (CPTH6) has been selected and used throughout this study.
Experimental Design: The effect of CPTH6 on histone acetylation, cell viability and differentiation, cell-cycle distribution, and apoptosis in a panel of acute myeloid leukemia and solid tumor cell lines has been evaluated.
Results: Here, we showed that CPTH6 leads to an inhibition of Gcn5 and pCAF HAT activity. Moreover, it inhibits H3/H4 histones and α-tubulin acetylation of a panel of leukemia cell lines. Concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of cell viability, paralleled by accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase and depletion from the S/G2M phases, was observed. The role of mitochondrial pathway on CPTH6-induced apoptosis was shown, being a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c, from mitochondria to cytosol, induced by CPTH6. Also the involvement of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL on CPTH6-induced apoptosis was found after overexpression of the two proteins in leukemia cells. Solid tumor cell lines from several origins were shown to be differently sensitive to CPTH6 treatment in terms of cell viability, and a correlation between the inhibitory efficacy on H3/H4 histones acetylation and cytotoxicity was found. Differentiating effect on leukemia and neuroblastoma cell lines was also induced by CPTH6.
Conclusions: These results make CPTH6 a suitable tool for discovery of molecular targets of HAT and, potentially, for the development of new anticancer therapies, which warrants further investigations. Clin Cancer Res; 18(2); 475–86. ©2011 AACR.
A Pilot Study of MUC-1/CEA/TRICOM Poxviral-Based Vaccine in Patients with Metastatic Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Mohebtash Mahsa , Tsang Kwong-Yok , Madan Ravi A. , Huen Ngar-Yee , Poole Diane J. , Jochems Caroline , Jones Jacquin , Ferrara Theresa , Heery Christopher R. , Arlen Philip M. , Steinberg Seth M. , Pazdur Mary , Rauckhorst Myrna , Jones Elizabeth C. , Dahut William L. , Schlom Jeffrey , Gulley James L. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Purpose: PANVAC is a recombinant poxviral vaccine that contains transgenes for MUC-1, CEA, and 3 T-cell costimulatory molecules. This study was conducted to obtain preliminary evidence of clinical response in metastatic breast and ovarian cancer patients.
Experimental design: Twenty-six patients were enrolled and given monthly vaccinations. Clinical and immune outcomes were evaluated.
Results: These patients were heavily pretreated, with 21 of 26 patients having 3 or more prior chemotherapy regimens. Side effects were largely limited to mild injection-site reactions. For the 12 breast cancer patients enrolled, median time to progression was 2.5 months (1–37+) and median overall survival was 13.7 months. Four patients had stable disease. One patient had a complete response by RECIST and remained on study for 37 months or more, with a significant drop in serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 by day 71. Another patient with metastatic disease confined to the mediastinum had a 17% reduction in mediastinal mass and was on study for 10 months. Patients with stable or responding disease had fewer prior therapies and lower tumor marker levels than patients with no evidence of response. For the ovarian cancer patients (n = 14), the median time to progression was 2 months (1–6) and median overall survival was 15.0 months. Updated data are presented here for one patient treated with this vaccine in a previous trial, with a time to progression of 38 months.
Conclusions: Some patients who had limited tumor burden with minimal prior chemotherapy seemed to benefit from the vaccine. Further studies to confirm these results are warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 17(22); 7164–73. ©2011 AACR.
Mechanism of Action of Proteasome Inhibitors and Deacetylase Inhibitors and the Biological Basis of Synergy in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Hideshima Teru , Richardson Paul G. , Anderson Kenneth C. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Novel agents, including the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, have significantly improved the response and survival of patients with multiple myeloma over the last decade. Despite these advances, many patients relapse or do not benefit from the currently available therapies; thus, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease. Deacetylase inhibitors (DACi), including panobinostat and vorinostat, have recently emerged as novel agents being evaluated in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Deacetylases are a group of enzymes with effects on various intracellular proteins, including histones, transcription factors, and molecular chaperones. Although DACi inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells as a single agent, synergistic activity has been observed when they were used in combination with bortezomib. The mechanistic basis of synergy is multifactorial and includes disruption of protein degradation and inhibition of the interaction of multiple myeloma cells with the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes recent advancements in the understanding of the mechanism of action of proteasome inhibitors and DACi in multiple myeloma and examines the biological basis of their synergistic effects. Data from the studies summarized here have been used as the rationale for the implementation of phase II and III clinical trials of DACi, alone and combined with bortezomib, in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(11); 2034–42. ©2011 AACR.
Impact tensile behavior and frequency response of 3D braided composites
Authors: Gan Xuehui , Yan Jianhua , Gu Bohong , Sun Baozhong 
Published: November 2011

The uniaxial tensile properties of 4-step 3D braided E-glass/epoxy composites under quasi-static and high-strain rate loadings have been investigated to evaluate the tensile failure mode at different strain rates. The uniaxial tensile properties at high strain rates from 800/s to 2100/s were tested using the split Hopkinson tension bar (SHTB) technique. The tensile properties at quasi-static strain rate were also tested and compared with those in high strain rates. Z-transform theory is applied to 3D braided composites to characterize the system dynamic behaviors in frequency domain. The frequency responses and the stability of 3D braided composites under quasi-static and high-strain rate compression have been analyzed and discussed in the Z-transform domain. The results indicate that the stress-strain curves are rate sensitive, and tensile modulus, maximum tensile stress and corresponding tensile strain are also sensitive to the strain rate. The tensile modulus, maximum tensile stress of the 3D braided composites are linearly increased with the strain rate. With increasing of the strain rate (from 0.001/s to 2100/s), the tensile failure of the 3D braided composite specimens has a tendency of transition from ductile failure to brittle failure. The magnitude response and phase response is very different in quasi-static loading with that in high-strain rate loading. The 3D braided composite system is more stable at high strain rate than quasi-static loading.
Coping with caring: Profiles of caregiving by informal carers living with a loved one who has dementia
Authors: Kraijo Henk , Brouwer Werner , de Leeuw Rob , Schrijvers Guus , van Exel Job 
Published: November 2011

Background and aim: While the number of people suffering from dementia in the Netherlands will double in the next 25 years, there are no plans to expand the capacity of residential care facilities for these patients. This will almost inevitably lead to an increase in the burden placed on informal carers. We investigated how caregivers living with a loved one who has dementia experience their caregiving situation. Methods: For this study, 53 caregivers ranked a structured set of opinion statements covering a representative range of aspects of caregiving. By-person factor analysis was used to uncover patterns in the rankings of statements. Results: Five distinct profiles of caregiving were identified that provide information on the various care situations that can occur, the needs and dilemmas that these caregivers face, and the subjective burden and perseverance time of the carers. Conclusions: The findings contribute to the development of interventions for the support of informal caregivers.
Exploring the gap between rhetoric and reality in dementia care in Australia: Could practice documents help bridge the great divide?
Authors: Venturato Lorraine , Moyle Wendy , Steel Andrea 
Published: November 2011

Quality of care, and indeed, quality of life, for people living with dementia in long-term care is often underpinned by philosophies of care, such as person-centred care and relationship-centred care. The translation of these philosophies into practice is influenced by a range of individual and organizational features, including the context in which such care occurs. Within modern care organizations, the context of care is evidenced through organizational documents. This study sought to identify the key documents guiding dementia care within one large Australian long-term care organization and to explore points of consistency and tension within the documented system of care. Results highlight a lack of consistency and clarity in the philosophy of dementia care and a disconnection between the key documents guiding practice. This disconnection creates tension for clinicians and carers, and may contribute to the gap between rhetoric and reality in dementia care. This study suggests that a congruent documented dementia system can help bridge the gap between espoused philosophies of care and everyday care practices.
Maturation and function of human dendritic cells are regulated by B lymphocytes
Authors: Morva Ahsen , Lemoine Sébastien , Achour Achouak , Pers Jacques-Olivier , Youinou Pierre , Jamin Christophe 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMature dendritic cells (DCs) are stimulators of T-cell immune response, whereas immature DCs support T-cell tolerance. Murine B cells can inhibit the production of IL-12 by DCs and thereby hinder the inflammatory response. Notwithstanding the importance of this modulation, only a few studies are available in humans. Here, we have developed an in vitro model of cocultures to assess its significance. We establish that human activated B cells restrained the development of monocytes into immature DCs and their differentiation into mature DCs. In addition, they decreased the density of HLA-DR from mature DCs, the expression of CD80 and CD86 coactivation molecules, the production of IL-12p70 required for antigen presentation and Th1 differentiation, and inhibited the DC-induced T-cell proliferation. These modulations were mediated by CD19+IgDlowCD38+CD24lowCD27− B cells and needed direct cell-to-cell contacts that involved CD62L for the control of CD80 and CD86 expression and a soluble factor for the control of IL-12 production. Moreover, mature DCs from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus displayed insensitivity to the regulation of IL-12. Overall, it appears that human B cells can regulate DC maturation and function and that inefficient B-cell regulation may influence an improper balance between an effector inflammatory response and tolerance induction.
Stability of the second order partial differential equations
Authors: Gordji M Eshaghi , Cho YJ , Ghaemi MB , Alizadeh B 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We say that a functional equation (ξ) is stable if any function g satisfying the functional equation (ξ) approximately is near to a true solution of (ξ).
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2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 26D10; 34K20; 39B52; 39B82; 46B99.
Genetic diversity of group A rotaviruses associated with repeated outbreaks of diarrhea in a farrow-to-finish farm: identification of a porcine rotavirus strain bearing a novel VP7 genotype, G26
Authors: Miyazaki Ayako , Kuga Kazufumi , Suzuki Tohru , Kohmoto Mariko , Katsuda Ken , Tsunemitsu Hiroshi 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (GARs) are one of the most common causes of diarrhea in suckling pigs. Although a number of G and P genotypes have been identified in porcine GARs, few attempts have been made to study the molecular epidemiology of these viruses associated with diarrhea outbreaks within a farm over an extended period of time. Here, we investigated the molecular characteristics of GARs that caused four outbreaks of diarrhea among suckling pigs in a farrow-to-finish farm over the course of a year. G and P genotyping of GARs detected at each outbreak demonstrated genetic diversity in this farm as follows: G9P[23] was detected at the first outbreak, G9P[13]/[22] and G9P[23] at the second, G3P[7] at the third, and G9P[23], G5P[13]/[22], and P[7] combined with an untypeable G genotype at the fourth. Sequence analysis of the detected GARs revealed that such genetic diversity could have resulted not only from the introduction of new GAR strains, but also from gene reassortment between GAR strains within the farm. Further, the GAR strain carrying the untypeable G genotype was shown to be a novel porcine GAR bearing a new G26 genotype, as confirmed by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group.
Ischemic postconditioning attenuates liver warm ischemia-reperfusion injury through Akt-eNOS-NO-HIF pathway
Authors: Guo Jia Y , Yang Tong , Sun Xiang G , Zhou Ni Y , Li Fu S , Long Dan , Lin Tao , Li Ping Y , Feng Li 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundIschemic postconditioning (IPO) has been demonstrated to attenuate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart and brain, its roles to liver remain to be defined. The study was undertaken to determine if IPO would attenuate liver warm I/R injury and its protective mechanism.MethodsMice were divided into sham, I/R, IPO+I/R (occlusing the porta hepatis for 60 min, then treated for three cycles of 10 sec brief reperfusion consecutively, followed by a persistent reperfusion); L-NAME+ sham (L-NAME, 16 mg/kg, i.v., 5 min before repefusion); L-NAME+I/R; and L-NAME+ IPO. Blood flow of caudate and left lobe of the liver was blocked. Functional and morphologic changes of livers were evaluated. Contents of nitric oxide, eNOS and iNOS in serum were assayed. Concentration of eNOS, iNOS, malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hepatic tissue were also measured. Expressions of Akt, p-Akt and HIF-1α protein were determined by western blot. Expressions of TNF-α and ICAM-1 were measured by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.ResultsIPO attenuated the dramatically functional and morphological injuries. The levels of ALT was significantly reduced in IPO+I/R group (p < 0.05). Contents of nitric oxide and eNOS in serum were increased in the IPO+I/R group (p < 0.05). IPO also up-regulated the concentration of eNOS, activity of SOD in hepatic tissue (p < 0.05), while reduced the concentration of MDA (p < 0.05). Moreover, protein expressions of HIF-1α and p-Akt were markedly enhanced in IPO+I/R group. Protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α and ICAM-1 were markedly suppressed by IPO (p < 0.05). These protective effects of IPO could be abolished by L-NAME.ConclusionsWe found that IPO increased the content of NO and attenuated the overproduction of ROS and I/R-induced inflammation. Increased NO contents may contribute to increasing HIF-1α level, and HIF-1α and NO would simultaneously protect liver from I/R injury. These findings suggested IPO may have the therapeutic potential through Akt-eNOS-NO-HIF pathway for the better management of liver I/R injury.