bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Conceptual Representations
Authors: Truman Alyssa , Kutas Marta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA view that has been gaining prevalence over the past decade is that the human conceptual system is malleable, dynamic, context‐dependent, and task‐dependent, that is, flexible. Within the flexible conceptual representation framework, conceptual representations are constructed ad hoc, forming a different, idiosyncratic instantiation upon each occurrence. In this review, we scrutinize the neurocognitive literature to better understand the nature of this flexibility. First, we identify some key characteristics of these representations. Next, we consider how these flexible representations are constructed by addressing some of the open questions in this framework: We review the age‐old question of how to reconcile flexibility with the apparent need for shareable stable definitions to anchor meaning and come to mutual understanding, as well as some newer questions we find critical, namely, the nature of relations among flexible representations, the role of feature saliency in activation, and the viability of all‐or‐none feature activations. We suggest replacing the debate about the existence of a definitional stable core that is obligatorily activated with a question of the degree and probability of activation of the information constituting a conceptual representation. We rely on published works to suggest that (1) prior featural salience matters, (2) feature activation may be graded, and (3) Bayesian updating of prior information according to current demands offers a viable account of how flexible representations are constructed. This proposal provides a theoretical mechanism for incorporating a changing momentary context into a constructed representation, while still preserving some of the concept's constituent meaning.
Imbalanced optimal feedback motor control system in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Li Leinian , Chen Hui , Deng LiHua , Huang YongHua , Zhang YuHan , Luo YueYuan , Ou PeiLing , Shi LinFeng , Dai LiMeng , Chen Wei , Chen HuaFu , Wang Jian , Liu Chen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeHuman motor planning and control depend highly on optimal feedback control systems, such as the neocortex–cerebellum circuit. Here, diffusion tensor imaging was used to verify the disruption of the neocortex–cerebellum circuit in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), and the circuit's disruption correlation with SCA3 motor dysfunction was investigated.MethodsThis study included 45 patients with familial SCA3, aged 17–67 years, and 49 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls, aged 21–64 years. Tract‐based spatial statistics and probabilistic tractography was conducted using magnetic resonance images of the patients and controls. The correlation between the local probability of probabilistic tractography traced from the cerebellum and clinical symptoms measured using specified symptom scales was also calculated.ResultsThe cerebellum‐originated probabilistic tractography analysis showed that structural connectivity, mainly in the subcortical cerebellar–thalamo–cortical tract, was significantly reduced and the cortico–ponto–cerebellar tract was significantly stronger in the SCA3 group than in the control group. The enhanced tract was extended to the right lateral parietal region and the right primary motor cortex. The enhanced neocortex–cerebellum connections were highly associated with disease progression, including duration and symptomatic deterioration. Tractography probabilities from the cerebellar to parietal and sensorimotor areas were significantly negatively correlated with motor abilities in patients with SCA3.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this study is the first to reveal that disrupting the neocortex–cerebellum loop can cause SCA3‐induced motor dysfunctions. The specific interaction between the cerebellar–thalamo–cortical and cortico–ponto–cerebellar pathways in patients with SCA3 and its relationship with ataxia symptoms provides a new direction for future research.
Bumble bee responses to climate and landscapes: Investigating habitat associations and species assemblages across geographic regions in the United States of America
Authors: Christman Morgan E. , Spears Lori R. , Burchfield Emily K. , Pearse William D. , Strange James P. , Ramirez Ricardo A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBumble bees are integral pollinators of native and cultivated plant communities, but species are undergoing significant changes in range and abundance on a global scale. Climate change and land cover alteration are key drivers in pollinator declines; however, limited research has evaluated the cumulative effects of these factors on bumble bee assemblages. This study tests bumble bee assemblage (calculated as richness and abundance) responses to climate and land use by modeling species‐specific habitat requirements, and assemblage‐level responses across geographic regions. We integrated species richness, abundance, and distribution data for 18 bumble bee species with site‐specific bioclimatic, landscape composition, and landscape configuration data to evaluate the effects of multiple environmental stressors on bumble bee assemblages throughout 433 agricultural fields in Florida, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, South Carolina, Utah, Virginia, and West Virginia from 2018 to 2020. Distinct east versus west groupings emerged when evaluating species‐specific habitat associations, prompting a detailed evaluation of bumble bee assemblages by geographic region. Maximum temperature of warmest month and precipitation of driest month had a positive impact on bumble bee assemblages in the Corn Belt/Appalachian/northeast, southeast, and northern plains regions, but a negative impact on the mountain region. Further, forest land cover surrounding agricultural fields was highlighted as supporting more rich and abundant bumble bee assemblages. Overall, climate and land use combine to drive bumble bee assemblages, but how those processes operate is idiosyncratic and spatially contingent across regions. From these findings, we suggested regionally specific management practices to best support rich and abundant bumble bee assemblages in agroecosystems. Results from this study contribute to a better understanding of climate and landscape factors affecting bumble bees and their habitats throughout the United States.
Nonneoplastic and neoplastic sclerosing lesions of the breast
Authors: Turashvili Gulisa 
Published: June 2024

Sclerosing lesions of the breast encompass a spectrum of benign and malignant entities and often pose a diagnostic challenge. Awareness of key morphologic features and pitfalls in the assessment of morphology and immunophenotype is essential to avoid over‐ or underdiagnosis and ensure optimal clinical management. This review summarizes nonneoplastic sclerosing lesions such as radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion, sclerosing adenosis, sclerosing intraductal papilloma, sclerosing variants of ductal adenoma and nipple adenoma, and fibroadenoma with extensive sclerosis, including their clinical presentation, characteristic morphology, differential diagnostic considerations, appropriate immunohistochemical work‐up, when needed, and the clinical significance. In addition, atypical or neoplastic entities (such as atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, low‐grade adenosquamous carcinoma, and fibromatosis‐like metaplastic carcinoma) that can involve these sclerosing lesions are also briefly discussed.
Coping as a mediator of the relationship between kinesiophobia and illness perception in atrial fibrillation patients: A cross‐sectional mediation analysis
Authors: Chen Limei , Li Husheng , Gou Xinyu , Dong Hui , Yang Shenglan , Dong Fengwei , Wu Jing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAim(s)To explore the mediating role of coping styles in the association between illness perception and kinesiophobia in atrial fibrillation patients.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsBetween June 2021 and November 2022, data were collected using a self‐designed demographic questionnaire, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart (TSK‐SV Heart) and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ). The sample comprised 474 atrial fibrillation patients recruited from three hospitals in China. To analyse the data, multiple linear regression models with forced entry were employed, and the mediation Mode 4 of the PROCESS macro in SPSS was implemented.ResultsIn total, 57.8% of patients exhibited a high level of kinesiophobia. Regression analyses uncovered associations between kinesiophobia and various demographic and disease characteristics, as well as assessments of both illness perception and coping styles. Path analysis results indicated that illness perception reduced kinesiophobia through the mediating effect of confrontation, while avoidance and resignation intensified kinesiophobia. The mediating factor of coping styles explained a significant 53% of the overall effect.ConclusionsCoping styles mediate the relationship between illness perception and kinesiophobia, resulting in a shift in coping styles as illness perception decreases and ultimately leading to reduced kinesiophobia.ImpactCoping styles play a mediating role in the relationship between kinesiophobia and illness perception. The results suggest healthcare providers in identifying high‐risk individuals and tailoring interventions to effectively break the vicious cycle of kinesiophobia. Therefore, screening and intervening with patients showcasing heightened illness perception aims to promote a transformation in coping styles, subsequently reducing atrial fibrillation kinesiophobia.Reporting MethodThe results of the observations were reported in adherence to the STROBE criteria.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient and public involvement.
Desired dementia care towards end of life: Development and experiences of implementing a new approach to improve person‐centred dementia care
Authors: Biesmans Jesper M. A. , Bolt Sascha R. , Janssen Daisy J. A. , Wintjens Toon , Khemai Chandni , Schols Jos M. G. A. , Van Der Steen Jenny T. , Zwakhalen Sandra M. G. , Meijers Judith M. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsTo describe the co‐creation of the ‘Desired Dementia Care Towards End of Life’ (DEDICATED) approach to improve person‐centred palliative care for individuals with dementia and to describe the experiences of healthcare professionals during the approach's implementation.MethodsA needs assessment, comprising both qualitative and quantitative studies, informed palliative care needs of healthcare professionals, family caregivers and individuals with dementia. The approach was co‐created with healthcare and education professionals, guided by the findings. Then, healthcare professionals were trained to implement the approach in their organizations. From April to June 2022, semi‐structured interviews with actively engaged professionals were analysed using Conventional Content Analysis.ResultsThe needs assessment yielded six key themes: (1) raising palliative care awareness, (2) familiarization with a person with dementia, (3) communication about future care preferences, (4) managing pain and responsive behaviour, (5) enhancing interprofessional collaboration in advance care planning and (6) improving interprofessional collaboration during transitions to nursing homes. Interviews with 17 healthcare professionals revealed that active involvement in co‐creating or providing feedback facilitated implementation. Overall, the DEDICATED approach was perceived as a valuable toolkit for optimizing palliative care for people with dementia and their loved ones.ConclusionCo‐creating the DEDICATED approach with healthcare professionals facilitated implementation in daily practice. The approach was considered helpful in enhancing person‐centred palliative dementia care.Impact StatementThis study underscores the importance of active involvement of healthcare professionals in the research and development of new interventions or tools for palliative care, which can influence the successful implementation, dissemination and sustained usage of the developed tools.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareThe developed approach can improve person‐centred palliative care for individuals with dementia, ultimately improving their quality of life and that of their loved ones.Reporting MethodThis study used the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.Patient of Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
ASHA‐led community‐managed intervention programme to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with pregnancy hypertension: A study protocol
Authors: Karkada Sushmitha , Noronha Judith , Lewis Mitchelle , Ullal Chandini 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimThe objective is to use the available technology in conjunction with the peripheral health workers to identify the early warning signs of pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH), provide appropriate referral services and closely monitor the patient thereafter with the aim of improving the prognosis of the condition.Study DesignQuasi‐experimental design.MethodThe research will be carried out in Udupi District Karnataka, India. The study will involve 250 pregnant women in total as well as 50 ASHA workers. All the participants will undergo a PIH knowledge assessment, which will be followed by a PIH risk assessment for expectant mothers. There will be an implementation of the community‐managed intervention programme (CMIP). The creation of a mobile application, ongoing prenatal follow‐up and training for ASHAs on mobile app usage are all part of the CMIP. The results for mothers and newborns will be monitored and to learn more about the efficacy of CMIP and the difficulties ASHA workers and expectant mothers encounter in identifying the early warning signals of PIH a focused group discussion will be held.DiscussionA number of research on pregnancy‐induced hypertension have demonstrated the necessity for community‐based treatments to be developed in order to improve the outcomes for expectant mothers and newborns. These programmes assist in managing hypertension throughout pregnancy. Conversely, ASHA employees have had a favourable influence on community‐level health outcome management. Currently, technology is being used extensively in healthcare and is receiving favourable reception. Thus, in an effort to improve maternal and newborn outcomes, this study attempts to incorporate mobile technologies in addition to ASHA workers and pregnant women.ImpactIf the CMIP proves to be beneficial, it might be implemented nationwide, particularly in isolated regions, to monitor expectant mothers and avoid PIH‐related concerns.
Larvicidal activity of six Moroccan Artemisia essential oils and a correlation study of their major components against Culex pipiens
Authors: Alami Abdellatif , Lalami Abdelhakim El Ouali , Annemer Saoussan , El‐Akhal Fouad , Ez‐zoubi Amine , El Hallabi Meriem , Ez zoubi Yassine , Farah Abdellah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study was carried out for the first time in Morocco to valorise plant species of the Artemisia genus. Its aim was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of essential oils from six Artemisia plants (A. herba alba, A. absinthium, A. campestris L., A. negrei, A. pontica, and A. arborescens) against Culex pipiens mosquitoes, which are recognised as potential vectors of West Nile virus. Bioinsecticides derived from EOs have shown promise as effective mosquito control agents. The EOs were analysed using GC–MS and GC‐FID and were obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of the plants. Besides, the experiment was carried out according to the standard WHO protocol. Thujone and camphor were identified as the predominant compounds in all six Artemisia plants. A. herba alba demonstrated the highest larvicidal activity with LC50 and LC90 values of 4.85 and 15.39 μg/mL, respectively. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were employed to explore the correlation between major EO compounds and larvicidal efficacy. The results suggest that these findings could pave the way for the development of tailored biocides that specifically target important disease vectors.
Replacement of fishmeal with a microbial single‐cell protein induced enteropathy and poor growth outcomes in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) fry
Authors: Samsing Francisca , Sullivan Roisin , Truong Ha , Rombenso Artur , Sangster Cheryl R. , Bannister Jo , Longshaw Matt , Becker Joy A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFish meal (FM) replacement is essential for the sustainable expansion of aquaculture. This study focussed on the feasibility of replacing FM with a single‐cell protein (SCP) derived from methanotrophic bacteria (Methylococcus capsulatus, Bath) in barramundi fry (Lates calcarifer). Three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with 0%, 6.4% and 12.9% inclusion of the SCP, replacing FM by 0%, 25% and 50%. Barramundi fry (initial body weight 2.5 ± 0.1 g) were fed experimental diets for 21 days to assess growth performance, gut microbiome composition and gut histopathology. Our findings revealed that both levels of SCP inclusion induced detrimental effects in barramundi fry, including impaired growth and reduced survival compared with the control group (66.7% and 71.7% survival in diets replacing FM with SCP by 25% and 50%, respectively; p < .05). Both dietary treatments presented mild necrotizing enteritis with subepithelial oedema and accumulation of PAS positive, diastase resistant droplets within hepatocytes (ceroid hepatopathy) and pancreatic atrophy. Microbiome analysis revealed a marked shift in the gut microbial community with the expansion of potential opportunistic bacteria in the genus Aeromonas. Reduced overall performance in the highest inclusion level (50% SCP) was primarily associated with reduced feed intake, likely related to palatability issues, albeit pathological changes observed in gut and liver may also play a role. Our study highlights the importance of meticulous optimization of SCP inclusion levels in aquafeed formulations, and the need for species and life‐stage specific assessments to ensure the health and welfare of fish in sustainable aquaculture practices.
A prospective observational study comparing rates of medical instability between adolescents with typical and atypical anorexia nervosa
Authors: Brennan Cliona , Cini Erica , Illingworth Sarah , Chapman Simon , Simic Mima , Nicholls Dasha , Chapman Victoria , Simms Conor , Hayes Ellen , Fuller Sarah , Orpwood Jade , Tweedy Nicola , Baksh Tahmida , Astaire Emma , Bhakta Dee , Saglio Eloise , Stevenson Annie , Buchbinder Melissa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecognition of atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) has challenged underweight as a defining factor of illness severity in anorexia nervosa (AN). The present study aimed to compare rates of medical instability in adolescents with underweight (AN) and non‐underweight (AAN) anorexia nervosa.MethodsThe study examined assessment data from specialist eating disorder services in the UK between January and December 2022. Participants (n = 205) aged 11–18 years were recruited across eight eating disorder clinics and diagnosed with AN (n = 113) or AAN (n = 92) after clinical assessment. Parameters associated with risk of medical instability were compared between AN and AAN groups, using t tests and regression analysis.ResultsRates of bradycardia and hypotension did not differ significantly between AN and AAN groups (p = 0.239 and p = 0.289). Although white blood cell counts were lower in the AN group, rates of leukopaenia could not be statistically compared as a result of there being too few counts in at least one group. No incidences of hypophosphataemia were found in the sample. A significant regression equation was found for percentage median body mass index, but not rate of weight loss, as a predictor of blood pressure, serum phosphorous and magnesium.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that medical instability occurs across a range of body weights in young people with AN and AAN. Although certain parameters of risk such as blood pressure, serum phosphorous and magnesium may be worsened at lower weight, both AN and AAN are serious mental health conditions that can lead to medical instability.
Chronic ecologically relevant stress effects on reverse‐translated touchscreen assays of reward responsivity and attentional processes in male rats: Implications for depression
Authors: Gonzalez Paloma Martinez , Jenkins Amaya R. , LaMalfa Kayleigh S. , Kangas Brian D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStagnation in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treatment‐resistant depression has encouraged continued interest in improving preclinical methods. One tactic prioritizes the reverse translation of behavioral tasks developed to objectively quantify depressive phenotypes in patient populations for their use in laboratory animals via touchscreen technology. After cross‐species concordance in task outcomes under healthy conditions is confirmed, construct validity can be further enhanced by identifying environmental stressors that reliably produce deficits in task performance that resemble those in depressive participants. The present studies characterized in male rats the ability of two chronic ecologically relevant stressors, inescapable ice water or isolated restraint, to produce depressive‐like behavioral phenotypes in the Probabilistic Reward Task (PRT) and Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). These tasks previously have been reverse‐translated using touchscreen technology for rodents and nonhuman primates to objectively quantify, respectively, reward responsivity (anhedonia) and attentional processes (impaired cognitive function), each of which are core features of major depressive disorder. In the PRT, both inescapable ice water and isolated restraint produced persistent anhedonic phenotypes compared to non‐stressed control performance (i.e., significantly blunted response bias for the richly rewarded stimulus). In the PVT, both chronic stressors impaired attentional processing, revealed by increases in titrated reaction times; however, these deficits largely subsided by the end of the chronic condition. Taken together, these findings confirm the ability of reverse‐translated touchscreen tasks to effectively generate behavioral phenotypes that exhibit expected deficits in performance outcomes following exposure to chronic ecologically relevant stress. In turn, this approach is well positioned to appraise the ability of candidate therapeutics to attenuate or reverse such behavioral deficits and, thereby, contribute to preclinical medications development for treatment‐resistant depression.image