bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curriculum and the Value of Knowledge
Authors: Carr David 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article addresses general questions concerning the extent to which, and the ways in which, the curriculum is and ought to be driven by our views of knowledge. It discusses the realization of some educational philosophers that the obvious starting point for curriculum reflection is with questions about the epistemic status of this or that form of knowledge or skill. It describes Plato's conception of knowledge and his views on education and curriculum and John Dewey's pragmatist progressivism. It also describes the implications of the key issues of curriculum theory for political philosophy and theory.
Education, Democracy, and Capitalism
Authors: Kitcher Philip 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article examines the relationships between education, democracy, and capitalism through the works of John Dewey, John Stuart Mill, and Adam Smith. It explores some basic questions that arise in developing an approach to education within our liberal democratic tradition. It suggests that that Dewey's philosophy of education has the resources to answer a challenge posed by Smith's economic analyses and that philosophers ought to embrace Dewey's reconceptualization of philosophy as the general theory of education.
Mapping Multicultural Education
Authors: Levinson Meira 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article examines issues concerning multicultural education. It argues that multicultural education has no independent identity or value beyond the various goals, practices, or content to which others attach it. The article describes the different uses and meanings of multicultural education as articulated by political and educational philosophers, educational theorists, and educational practitioners. It highlights some potential tensions among the aims, practices, and content of multicultural education and reflects on multicultural education's potential practical importance despite its conceptual incoherence.
Prejudice
Authors: Blum Lawrence 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article examines the problematic character and effects of prejudice on education and evaluates the prospects for overcoming them. It investigates the diversity of prejudices and the totalistic and selective forms of prejudice and explains theories on the causes of prejudice. It describes educational responses to prejudices via the contact hypothesis and curricular approaches and describes the ideal character of prejudice reduction as an educational goal.
Educational Authority and the Interests of Children
Authors: Reich Rob 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article investigates the moral and legal legitimacy of some varieties of educational authority, emphasizing the important but often overlooked interests of children. It argues that educational authority should be shared among not two but three parties: parents, the state, and children themselves. It considers the trilogy of independent interests in education: parental interests, state interests, and children's interests and considers how children might in practice exercise authority over their education.
Pragmatist Philosophy of Education
Authors: Curren Randall 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article considers pragmatic approaches to philosophy of education and philosophy. It distinguishes the philosophies of education advanced by pragmatists and evaluates the reliance of these philosophies on distinctively pragmatist methods or doctrines. It suggests that what the pragmatist vision of a science of ethics would seem to condemn most in the present landscape of philosophy of education is recourse to speculative philosophy that impairs the effectiveness of arguments for educational reform by burdening them with unnecessary and contested theoretical baggage, when what is needed is evidence and analysis.
Feminist Philosophy and Education
Authors: Noddings Nel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article examines feminist approaches to the philosophy of education. It suggests that the philosophy of education should be an ideal domain for the analysis and application of feminist philosophy. It discusses John Dewey's opinion that there is a sense in which philosophy is the philosophy of education and that our schools should be mini-societies that reflect our best conception of what our larger society should be. It highlights the efforts of feminists to upgrade first generation ideas on liberal feminism.
Culture, Religion, and American Political Life
Authors: Wald Kenneth D. , Leege David C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article studies the role of religion in American culture and political life. It uses the concept of culture in two different ways—traditionally and in the discipline of political science—before exploring culture and religion through an alternative framework. Culture is also considered as a source of norms and identities for behavior, and tries to determine how some subcultures are mobilized on behalf of political ends. The article concludes with some thoughts on future research directions in the study of religion, culture, and politics. The concept of American civil religion is discussed as well.
Religion and American Public Opinion
Authors: Jelen Ted G. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article focuses on the attitudes toward sexual morality and educational policy, as well as their linkages to religion. Sexual morality, otherwise known as “pelvic politics”, is first discussed. It looks at gay rights and abortion before moving on to a discussion of the partisan connection between these two issues. The second half of the article focuses on the politics of education, specifically school prayer and teaching evolution and creationism. This article shows that empirical research on the attitudes toward social issues has been productive. It has provided a lot of information about how attitudes on personal morality or attitudes toward the role of religion in public education are affected by religious affiliation, beliefs, and practices.
Religion and the U.S. Presidency
Authors: Bass Harold F. , Rozell Mark J. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article discusses the U.S. Presidency, its subsequent research, and the insights of religion into the institution. It first examines the role of religion on the presidency and the institutional presidency. This gives some background information on the areas presidential studies routinely deal with, such as presidential selection and presidential staffing. It also discusses the faith foundations of presidential policy agendas. This article observes that mainstream presidential scholarship has not traditionally accorded it a great deal of specific interest. However, it is noted that considerations of American civil religion have routinely referenced the symbolic leadership role of the president.
Antecedents
Authors: Kavanagh Dennis 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article explores British approaches in politics over three periods — pre-1914, inter-war years, and post-1945 — and describes their merits. The first period is dominated by historians and a consensus around the Whig interpretation; the second sees the emergence of a number of academic political scientists based in universities; and the final period witnesses the stresses and pressures from the expansion and specialization of the discipline. Challenges have emerged from outside the discipline, particularly from: significant recent changes in British political institutions and behaviour, dissatisfaction with the performance of British political institutions and by extension with the mindset associated with the Westminster model, and the growing tendency to study British politics as part of a European system or polity. In general, there have been trends to professionalization and positivism in British political science. But these forces have not driven out other traditions from the discipline.
The British Study Of Politics
Authors: Goodin Robert 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article provides a discussion on the British study of politics. First, it addresses the revolution of 1975. The puzzle of why big ideas do come out of Britain, but there is a reluctance to brag about them, might be explained by the simple fact that there is a live-and-let-live reluctance to try to shove one's own ideas, however big, down the throat of the profession as a whole. It is suggested that UK political science probably is not pulling its weight at the very highest levels of political science worldwide. While concentrating on providing an academic assessment of British political science, it then closes with some comments on the contribution of the profession to British public life more broadly. Much of the contribution comes through deep-background influence on public values and public culture, through media appearances and helping to shape public debates.
Behaviouralism
Authors: Johns Robert 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article first reports the three key features of (‘early’) behaviouralism, namely its philosophy of social science, commitment to observable behaviour as the dependent variable in political analysis, and the commitment to ‘scientific’ methods. It also addresses the various reasons why, and ways in which, the British experience of behaviouralism is distinctive. The notion of post-behaviouralism, supposedly a new version emerging in response to potent criticisms of the approach, is considered. While the extent of change has been overstated, the post-behaviouralist critique highlights several criteria for evaluating the behaviouralist research. The article then imposes those criteria on to behaviouralism in Britain, and picks out some of its notable contributions to the understanding of British politics. It highlights the possible ways to improve that contribution further. Behaviouralism is a political science, but it is an inexact science, and in practice behaviouralists are always less rigidly positivist, and less grand in ambition, than is often assumed.
Feminism
Authors: Randall Vicky 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article is concerned with the extent and manner in which feminism as a critical perspective has informed scholarly analyses of British politics. It starts by presenting an account of British feminism as an evolving dialogue. It evaluates the influence of feminism on the study of British politics, in comparison with its impact in other areas of social science and the humanities, and even compared with other fields of politics such as international relations. Moreover, the article explores the impact in greater detail, under the heads of normative thrust, epistemology, subject matter, concepts, and methods. It is shown that feminism as a perspective has tremendous relevance for politics and specifically British politics. It continues to inspire scholarly research into many different aspects of British politics, and indeed seems to have enjoyed a recent surge with the emergence of a new generation of scholars.
Biography
Authors: Marquand David 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The association between political biography and the academic study of politics in Britain varies between the distantly tolerant and the mildly suspicious. British and American readers have shared Disraeli's assumption that the biographer's ‘life without theory’ is somehow more real. Non-academic writers have tended to follow suit. Against that background, this article tries to review the evolution of political biography, particularly in Britain, over the last century and a half. The story begins with the vast, intimidating, so-called ‘tombstone’ biographies of the Victorians and their early twentieth-century successors. There is more than a hint of Carl Schmitt's famous insight that the crucial political relationship is that of ‘friend’ to ‘enemy’, indeed that politics is about the identification of friends and enemies. Charismatic leadership is — or at least ought to be — fertile soil for political biographers.
Constitutionalism
Authors: Tomkins Adam 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article reviews the nature of the British constitution, exploring its unusual ‘unwritten’ form, and presenting an account of its main substantive components. It also addresses a range of challenges which the contemporary constitution faces and argues throughout that the constitution is currently undergoing a profound transformation from being a largely parliamentary or political constitution to being a mainly legal or juridical order in which the courts will play a markedly expanded role, unprecedented in British constitutional history. It specifically outlines ‘Europe’ and New Labour's constitutional reforms. The present time is one of rapid and in many cases significant constitutional change in Britain, change which in some instances the Blair/Brown New Labour governments either caused or contributed to but which in other instances stems from different sources not altogether within the government's control.
Judiciary
Authors: Ewing K. D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article argues that the story of the ‘judicialization’ of British politics is to some extent a story of paradox and contradiction, in which outstanding questions remain on each of the three issues of effectiveness, legitimacy, and accountability. The ‘concept of the rule of law’ was a source of judicial power and a source of conflict between judges and politicians throughout the twentieth century. Two examples are illustrated that show in different ways how legislation may be constrained by judicial perceptions about the rule of law, which may operate to confine the scope of the legislation, and with it the intention of parliament. The effectiveness and legitimacy of judicial review are described. Judicial power formally seems to be expanding in a number of ways. It is true that the compelling need for judicial independence creates institutional and intellectual barriers to the idea of judicial accountability.
Lobbying
Authors: Jordan Grant 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article suggests that lobbying has a functional utility within modern polyarchies. British lobbying is best seen as typically attempting to modify public policy in specialist policy debates through persuasion and information. Various types of lobbyist are discussed. The article also addresses the development of professional persuasion. Arguably the press coverage of controversies shows the ‘corruption of lobbying’ rather than that lobbying is inherently corrupt. Moreover, the content of lobbying is investigated. Ivory Tower and Insider Politics are two broad benchmarks against which lobbying may be judged. By the first benchmark lobbying is some dangerous distortion of democracy, but in the second it becomes de facto a contribution to a sort of ersatz democracy. It is noted that lobbying is less controversial in the UK political system if the processes are accepted as being based on a search for consensus by policy-makers.
Britain and America
Authors: Gamble Andrew 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article argues that the impact of Anglo-America on Britain and British politics has been profound and persistent, and that it is best understood as a transnational political space. First, it reviews the historical development of Anglo-America and the different theoretical perspectives for understanding it. It then investigates the three key aspects of the relationship — strategic, economic, and ideological — and shows how they have come to define Anglo-America. Despite the ever deeper involvement of Britain in the process of European integration, a significant part of the British political class and British public opinion is increasingly Euro-sceptic. There is still a question as to whether in the long term Anglo-America can provide a serious alternative to Europe for Britain.
After Empire
Authors: Krieger Joel 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article examines the enduring significance of Britain's imperial past for understanding various aspects of contemporary British politics. It specifically explores its effects on British national identity and its role in shaping perspectives on globalization and foreign policy, as those policies attempt to modernize and maximize the UK's continuing role in great power politics. It takes up ‘the elusive question of the effects of the end of British Empire on post-colonial Britain’. The end of empire brought new British foreign policy formulations and challenges. The challenges facing Britain after empire may be simply stated: to achieve a high degree of social and political integration that helps resolve the tension between unity and diversity; and to refocus British foreign policy and the special relationship to advance development goals and strengthen multilateral institutions that will serve enduring British interests and sustain a robust international community.
Race
Authors: Hampshire James 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article argues that Britain's race relations policy paradigm embodies the anti-racist dilemma in an especially acute way. It starts by reporting the politics of race making. British anti-racist policies recognize race, but they refuse to use it as the basis for certain kinds of preferential treatment. Race relations can be usefully analysed as a policy paradigm. The British race relations policy paradigm has several identifiable features: since the 1960s, British politicians have largely accepted race as a valid basis for social analysis and policy intervention; the form of racism that has received most policy attention has been access racism; and racism has been understood primarily in terms of colour discrimination. The focus on colour discrimination looks increasingly restrictive as anti-Muslim attitudes have developed into an important source of prejudice.
Ageing and Generational Politics
Authors: Walker Alan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article investigates the association between ageing and politics, and emphasizes its dynamic nature. A summary of the new politics of ageing with reference to the macro- and meso/micro-levels is first provided. It also presents a discussion of the limitations of the political influence and potential influence of older people which casts doubt on the popular notion of grey power, and some reflections on the prospects for generational relations in Britain. The article is concerned with public issues rather than personal ones, even when these are political. Despite the signs of growing political participation, the article concludes that the barriers to it remain formidable and that the notion of ‘grey power’ is far-fetched.
Aid and International Development
Authors: Morrissey Oliver 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article deals with the evolution of British international development policy under the Department for International Development (DFID). It outlines the changing position of the international development agency within Whitehall and major developments in global thinking on aid and development policy. It briefly summarizes the organization of DFID as it relates to aid policy. It then covers aid allocation for poverty reduction, and emphasizes the importance of partnerships over conditionality. It finally addresses why the DFID chose certain approaches and offers a discussion of current policy statements that show economic growth and, in certain respects, suggest a shift of British development policy thinking to closer alignment with the mainstream. In the period since the DFID was established, Britain has become one of the most important and influential donors in terms of the volume of aid and aid policy and it is this that represents the international development legacy.
Protest
Authors: Doherty Brian 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article explores questions related to protest in Britain. It starts by defining protest. Protest has probably increased in Britain in recent decades. There are three main theoretical models that have been advanced to explain participation in protest. The first suggests that protest signifies a fundamental disaffection with the political system and that protesters are likely to be mainly anti-system radicals. A second model suggests that it is those with the most resources who are most likely to act politically. The third model suggests that protesters vary contextually according to the issue and the organizers. The impact of protests is discussed. Protest has certainly been a consistent feature of the development of British democracy since the early nineteenth century, and it continues to influence political culture and to shape public spheres of debate.
Immigration and Citizenship
Authors: Hansen Randall 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article presents an overview of immigration, integration, and citizenship in Britain. It starts by offering a brief history of immigration and anti-discrimination legislation in the United Kingdom and by addressing the turn from multiculturalism in the early 2000s and economic immigration. It also explores scholarly interpretations of UK immigration policy as they have evolved over the post-war period. Furthermore, it gives an institutional explanation of British immigration policy's trajectory. An institutional account avoids the over-determination of Marxist-functionalist or critical-race interpretations.
Technology and Risk
Authors: Rothstein Henry 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article looks at the character of risk politics in the UK and contemporary governmental responses. It then goes on to consider why risk has become such a significant concept for governance across policy domains and organizational settings, and it examines what this tells about the character and future of UK risk governance more generally. Moreover, the emergence of risk as an organizing principle of governance is described. The article also discusses the factors influencing the politics and governance of risks linked with scientific and technological innovation in the UK. Risk has proved valuable as a way of framing policy problems that reflexively manages the negative institutional externalities of governance itself, and in so doing has transformed problems not conventionally understood as risks into risk problems.
Marketization
Authors: Crouch Colin 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article describes the general wave of marketization in Britain. Public services are often considered to have become unresponsive to users' actual preferences. It is noted that marketization moves all assume that the public wants the services in question, but seek more choice and better quality. The tackling of perceived remoteness from the private sector is discussed. It is shown how marketization is a multifaceted strategy. It is not the same as privatization, but overlaps it. Controversy is still surrounding marketization.
Hume
Authors: Garrett Don 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
One of Hume's prime methodological principles is this: where philosophical confusion reigns, cognitive psychology may help to bring resolution. This article tries to approach the question of his theory of causation through two questions of Humean cognitive psychology. First, what is his theory of causal inference, particularly as it concerns necessity? Second, what is his theory of causal judgement, particularly as it concerns the deployment of concepts? The answers to these questions, it is argued, reveal that Hume has a reasonably sophisticated ‘causal sense’ theory of causal psychology that allows him to concede something to each of the following: projectivism, reductionism, and realism. He can do this without falling into a simple version of any of these epistemological/semantic/metaphysical packages.