bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Signal Quality and Contiguous Word of Mouth on Customer Acquisition for a Video-on-Demand Service
Authors: Nam Sungjoon , Manchanda Puneet , Chintagunta Pradeep K. 
Published: February 2010

This paper documents the existence and magnitude of contiguous word-of-mouth effects of signal quality of a video-on-demand (VOD) service on customer acquisition. We operationalize contiguous word-of-mouth effect based on geographic proximity and use behavioral data to quantify the effect. The signal quality for this VOD service is exogenously determined, objectively measured, and spatially uncorrelated. Furthermore, it is unobserved to the potential subscriber and is revealed postadoption. For a subscriber, the signal quality translates directly into the number of movies available for viewing, thus representing a part of the overall service quality. The combination of signal quality along with location and neighborhood information for each subscriber and potential subscriber allows us to resolve the typical challenges in measuring causal social network effects. We find that contiguous word of mouth affects about 8% of the subscribers with respect to their adoption behavior. However, this effect acts as a double-edged sword because it is asymmetric. We find that the effect of negative word of mouth arising from poor signal quality is more than twice as large as the effect of positive word of mouth arising from excellent signal quality. Besides contiguous word of mouth, we find that advertising and the retail environment also play a role in adoption.
Shared Metered-Dose Inhalers: Is Cross-Contamination Avoidable? Omega-3-Acid Melts through Foam Cup
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: February 2010

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Milnacipran
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E. 
Published: February 2010

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing inservices. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800–322–4349. The July 2009 monograph topics are golimumab injection, tapentadol immediate-release tablets, iloperidone, benzyl alcohol 5% lotion, and artemether/lumefantrine. The DUE is on golimumab injection.
The Role of Pramlintide for Weight Loss
Authors: Dunican Kaelen C , Adams Nicole M , Desilets Alicia R 
Published: February 2010

Objective: To evaluate the weight-loss effects of pramlintide. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (1950–October week 4, 2009), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–October 2009), and Evidence Based Medicine Database (1991–2009 week 44) to identify relevant publications. Key words searched included pramlintide, weight loss, obesity, and overweight. Additional data sources were obtained through a bibliographic review of selected articles. Study Selection/Data Extraction: All studies conducted on humans and published in English that examined the effects of pramlintide on body weight as a primary or secondary endpoint were selected for analysis. Data Synthesis: Pramlintide is a human amylin analog approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in conjunction with insulin therapy in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes. In addition to its glucoregulatory actions, pramlintide has been shown to increase satiety and, therefore, decrease calorie Intake via a central mechanism. Several studies show that this translates into statistically significant weight loss in overweight or obese patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes; patients with type 1 diabetes lost up to 1.7 kg over 1 year with pramlintide 60 μg 3 times daily, while patients with type 2 diabetes experienced a placebo-subtracted weight loss of up to 3.7 kg after 16 weeks of pramlintide 120–240 μg administered 3 times daily. Preliminary trials assessing the use of pramlintide for weight loss in obese patients without diabetes have demonstrated weight loss of up to 8 kg after 1 year. In all studies, the drug was generally well tolerated, with nausea being the most commonly reported adverse effect. Conclusions: Based on preliminary evidence, pramlintide facilitates modest weight loss in obese or overweight patients with and without diabetes. However, current trials were limited by inconsistent study design, dosing, and patient population.
Evaluation of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Equation for Dosing Antimicrobials
Authors: Wargo Kurt A , English Thomas M 
Published: February 2010

Background: Since the derivation of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MORD) equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR), investigators determined that it cannot be used for drug dosing. In 2009, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) derived an equation that was more accurate than the MORD estimation of GFR. Therefore, questions exist about which method should be preferred in making dosage adjustments for renally eliminated antimicrobials. Objective: To determine whether a difference exists when making antimicrobial dosage adjustments in patients with CKD based on estimation of GFR using the CKD-EPI and Cockcroft-Gault equations. Methods: A database of 409 patients with CKD admitted to a tertiary care facility was used. GFR was calculated using both the CKD-EPI equation(s) and the Cockcroft-Gault equation and compared using correlation and Bland-Altman methodology. Dosage discordance rates of antimicrobials were determined. Results: Average GFRs for all patients using the Cockcroft-Gault and CKD-EPI equations were 34.8 ± 12 mL/rnin and 39.9 ± 13 mL/min, respectively (5.09 [95% CI 4.60 to 5.59]; p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between the 2 estimations was high (r = 0.91). The Bland-Altman plot yielded limits of agreement of 15.3 and -5.1; thus, the CKD-EPI estimation may range from 5.1 mL/min below to 15.3 mL/min above the Cockcroft-Gault estimation for 95% of the cases. A discordance rate of 15–25% existed among the recommended dosing adjustments of the selected antimicrobials when comparing the Ccckcroft-Gault and CKD-EPI estimations. Conclusions: Though this study did not determine which equation should be selected to dose adjust antimicrobials, it demonstrated statistically significant differences between the Cockcroft-Gault and CKD-EPI equations. The clinical significance of these differences is uncertain in the absence of data assessing clinical outcomes that result from the use of the discordant doses. Clinical judgment should be employed when making renal dosage adjustments of antimicrobials.
A Survey of Drug Information References Emergency Medicine Clinicians Utilize for Prescribing in Pregnant Patients
Authors: Jellinek Samantha P , Cohen Victor , Stansfield Lindsay , Likourezos Antonios , Sable Kenneth N 
Published: February 2010

Background: Clinicians practicing in Emergency Departments (EDs) using outdated pocket guides and other non–pregnancy-specific references when prescribing in pregnancy may place the pregnancy or fetus at risk. Objective: To identify the references that emergency medicine (EM) clinicians use for prescribing in pregnant patients, the prescribing trends when clinicians are given the pregnancy category information, and clinician awareness of access to drug information references. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was administered to EM clinicians. In part I, clinicians listed the top 3 drug information references that they routinely use in clinical practice. In part II, clinicians ranked their willingness to prescribe a Category A, B, C, D, or X drug using a 5-point Likert scale. In part III, clinicians selected from a list of electronic and print resources those that they consider available to them in the ED to find pregnancy-related drug prescribing information. Statistical analyses included frequency distribution and bivariate analysis. Results: Fifty-five clinicians with an average of 5.71 ± 7.95 years (± SD) in the profession completed the survey. The most commonly used references included Micromedex, Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia, and Epocrates (29%, 18%, and 14%, respectively). Ten (18%) respondents stated that they would be willing to prescribe Category C drugs. Among the 5 pregnancy-specific drug information references that are available in our ED, only 20% of EM clinicians stated that these references were available to them. Conclusions: EM clinicians rely on general references to make prescribing decisions for pregnant patients and are willing to prescribe medications that have data to support safe use in pregnancy. A minority of EM clinicians acknowledged the availability of pregnancy-specific references in the ED. Increased awareness of references that incorporate human data into their pharmacotherapy recommendations is warranted to assist EM clinicians in achieving their goal of prescribing safely in the pregnant patient.
Impact of Increased Body Mass Index on Accuracy of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and N-Terminal proBNP for Diagnosis of Decompensated Heart Failure and Prediction of All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Christenson Robert H , Azzazy Hassan ME , Duh Show-Hong , Maynard Susan , Seliger Stephen L , deFilippi Christopher R 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Background: BNP and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) concentrations may be depressed in patients with increased body mass index (BMI). Whether increased BMI affects accuracy of these biomarkers for diagnosing decompensated heart failure (HF) and predicting outcomes is unknown.
Methods: We measured BNP and NT-proBNP in 685 patients with possible decompensated HF in a free-living community population subdivided by BMI as obese, overweight, and normal weight. HF diagnosis was adjudicated by a cardiologist blinded to BNP and NT-proBNP results. We tabulated all-cause mortality over a median follow-up of 401 days and assessed marker accuracy for HF diagnosis and mortality by ROC analysis.
Results: Of the 685 patients, 40.9% were obese (n = 280), 28.2% were overweight (n = 193), and 30.9% had normal BMI (n = 212). Obese patients had lower BNP and NT-proBNP compared with overweight or normal-weight individuals (P &lt; 0.001) and decreased mortality compared with normal-weight individuals (P &lt; 0.001). Both biomarkers added significantly to a multivariate logistic regression model for diagnosis of decompensated HF across BMI categories. NT-proBNP outperformed BNP for predicting all-cause mortality in normal-weight individuals (χ2 for BNP = 6.4, P = 0.09; χ2 for NT-proBNP = 16.5, P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate regression showed that both biomarkers remained significant predictors of decompensated HF diagnosis in each BMI subgroup.
Conclusions: In this study population, obese patients had significantly lower BNP and NT-proBNP that reflected lower mortality. BNP and NT-proBNP can be used in all BMI groups for decompensated HF diagnosis, although BMI-specific cutpoints may be necessary to optimize sensitivity.
Extracellular haemoglobin, oxidative stress and quality of red blood cells relative to perioperative blood salvage
Authors: Gueye Papa Madieye , Bertrand Françoise , Duportail Guy , Lessinger Jean-Marc 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background: The quality of blood-pack units in perioperative blood salvage was studied with respect to the presence of extracellular haemoglobin (Hb) and in terms of oxidative stress and the mechanical properties of red blood cells (RBC).

Methods: The study was performed on blood-pack units and patients' blood after retransfusion. Results were compared to those obtained in patients prior to autotransfusion. Free Hb, non-protein thiols (as antioxidant marker) and markers of oxidative stress (conjugated dienes, thiobarbituric reactive substances and protein carbonyl content) were measured. The mechanical properties of RBC were evaluated by their osmotic fragility, membrane fluidity by measuring the fluorescence anisotropy of an extrinsic probe and permeability by measurement of extracellular K+ and lactate dehydrogenase.

Results: Despite washing, extracellular Hb concentrations remained high (up to 0.7 g/L in blood-pack units) and was associated with a decrease of haptoglobin in patients, despite a concomitant inflammatory syndrome. In blood-pack units, we observed a decrease in antioxidant markers along with an increase in oxidative stress markers in association with an alteration of RBC membrane properties.

Conclusions: Haemolysis must be limited during perioperative blood salvage in order to prevent exposure to oxidative stress and improve the efficiency of autotransfusion.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:677–83.
Water sorption in wood and modified wood at high values of relative humidity. Part I: Results for untreated, acetylated, and furfurylated Norway spruce
Authors: Thygesen Lisbeth G. , Tang Engelund Emil , Hoffmeyer Preben 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDesorption isotherms at 20°C for untreated, acetylated, and furfurylated Norway spruce [Picea abies(L.) Karst.] sapwood were established in the 91.9–99.9% relative humidity (RH) range. Three methods were employed to secure various constant RH levels: saturated salt solutions, climate chambers, and the pressure plate technique. The curve form for the untreated samples did not show an upward bend, except perhaps above 99.5% RH, indicating that – contrary to what has hitherto been assumed – capillary condensation does not play a significant role for water sorption in wood below fiber saturation. Three additional results corroborate this conclusion: (1) calculation of the theoretical contribution of capillary condensation to the moisture content (MC) in wood based on idealized microstructural geometries by means of the Kelvin and Laplace equations resulted in very small contributions to the equilibrium moisture content (EMC), i.e., below 0.35% moisture at 99.9% RH. (2) The ratio between the EMC of acetylated and untreated samples did not show an increasing trend for increasing RH, as would have been the case if capillary condensation had taken place in both untreated and acetylated wood. (3) Low field time domain nuclear magnetic resonance results showed that only the relaxation curves from the furfurylated samples were affected systematically by freezing, indicating that neither untreated nor acetylated wood contained significant amounts of capillary condensed water.
Electron spectroscopy on plasma treated lignin and cellulose
Authors: Klarhöfer Lothar , Viöl Wolfgang , Maus-Friedrichs Wolfgang 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Cellobiose and lignin were plasma treated in synthetic air and argon using a dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure. Changes due to the plasma modification of the surfaces were studied by the techniques of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and metastable impact electron spectroscopy. The combination of these techniques makes it possible to distinguish between hydroxyl and carbonyl groups at the surface, on the one hand, and conjugated and non-conjugated carbon bonds, on the other hand. This type of differentiation would not be easily possible based on XPS alone, even at very high resolution. The plasma treatment in oxygen containing atmospheres oxidizes the lignin surface by the generation of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups and reduces cellulose surfaces by the degradation of hydroxyl groups and the formation of double bonds between carbon and oxygen. The plasma treatment in argon leads to the reduction of both lignin and cellulose by the formation of double bonds under degradation of hydroxyl groups.
Ageing of modified wood. Part 2: Determination of surface composition of acetylated, furfurylated, and thermally modified wood by XPS and ToF-SIMS
Authors: Bryne Lars Elof , Lausmaa Jukka , Ernstsson Marie , Englund Finn , Wålinder Magnus E.P. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The main objective of this work was to study the chemical composition of surfaces and ageing effects on acetylated pine (Pinus sylvestris), heat treated spruce (Picea abies), and furfurylated radiata pine (Pinus radiata) in comparison to unmodified wood. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) were the instruments of choice. Observation with a low-vacuum scanning electron microscope (LV-SEM) complemented the study. The spectroscopic information was also linked to a parallel wettability study on matched wood samples by the Wilhelmy method. The results show that XPS and ToF-SIMS are two powerful tools that in combination give complementary information, both quantitative and qualitative, and are well suited for observation of the ageing process of different wood surfaces. The hydrophobization process as a result of migration of extractives during ageing was well quantified by the XPS measurements and the results correlated well with wetting results. Several specific hydrophobic substances could be identified by ToF-SIMS measurements.
Translation and timelessness
Authors: Boase-Beier Jean 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Translating poetry raises various issues to do with the relationship between form and meaning, with linguistic and cultural relativity, and with the opposition between adapting the (foreign) world of the poem to the target audience and requiring the audience to enter that world. In this article I use the translation of poetry by German-Jewish poet Rose Ausländer to consider some of these issues as they affect, and are affected by, an apparent linguistic mismatch between English and German in the expression of time and uncertainty.
Earthquake Behaviour of Kömürhan Highway Bridge Using a Validated Finite Element Model
Authors: Bayraktar Alemdar , Altunişik Ahmet Can , Sevim Barış , Türker Temel 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to determine the earthquake behaviour of the Kömürhan Highway Bridge, located at the 51st kilometre of the Elazığ-Malatya highway over the Fırat River, after finite element model updating using operational modal analyses. Finite element models of the bridge are built with the SAP2000 program to obtain analytical dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. The ambient vibration tests are performed using operational modal analysis under traffic loads to attain experimental dynamic characteristics. Vibration data is gathered from both the box girder and bridge deck to compare the results. Measurement time, frequency span, and effective mode number are determined following similar studies and literature. The peak picking method in the frequency domain is used for output-only modal identification. The finite element model of the bridge is updated by changing some uncertainties in the parameters such as material properties and boundary conditions to eliminate the differences between analytical and experimental dynamic characteristics. An analytical model of the bridge after finite element model updating is analyzed using the 1992 Erzincan, Turkey earthquake record, which occurred near the region, to determine the earthquake behaviour of the bridge. At the end of the study, the maximum differences in the natural frequencies are reduced on average from 10 % to 2 %, and a good agreement is found between analytical and experimental natural frequencies and mode shapes by model updating. Also, the variation of internal forces such as bending moment, axial forces, and shear forces for the bridge deck and columns are presented in detail.
The Origins of the Boris and Gleb Cycle in the Chronicle
Authors: Timberlake Alan 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The narrative cycle reporting the struggle for succession after Vladimir’s death in 1015 consists of two textual and chronological layers. The older layer is a set of tales told by three members of the retinue, two of whom can be identified by name; these tales were recorded in the first stage of chronicling in the late 1030s. The hagiographic layer which presents Boris and Gleb as martyrs is a separate, later layer that dates to the “Nachal’nyi svod” of the 1090s.
Buchbesprechung
Authors: Moser Michael 
Published: February 2010

Zusammenfassung
PORĘBSKA, MARLENA, Das Kaschubische: Sprachtod oder Revitalisierung? Empirische Studien zur ethnolinguistischen Vitalität einer Sprachminderheit in Polen. München: Sagner, 2006. 272 S. (Slavistische Beiträge; 452). ISBN 3-87690-982-1, 978-3-87690-982-0
Cortisol, DHEAS, their ratio and the metabolic syndrome: evidence from the Vietnam Experience Study
Authors: Phillips Anna C , Carroll Douglas , Gale Catharine R , Lord Janet M , Arlt Wiebke , Batty G David 
Published: February 2010

ObjectivesThe aim of these analyses was to examine the association of cortisol, DHEAS and the cortisol:DHEAS ratio with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components.DesignThe analyses were cross-sectional.MethodsParticipants were 4255 Vietnam era US army veterans. From military service files, telephone interviews and a medical examination, occupational, socio-demographic and health data were collected. MetS was ascertained from data on body mass index; fasting blood glucose or a diagnosis of diabetes; blood pressure or a diagnosis of hypertension; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and triglyceride levels. Contemporary morning fasted cortisol and DHEAS concentrations were determined. The outcomes were MetS and its components. Analysis was by logistic regression, first adjusting for age and then additionally for an array of candidate confounders.ResultsCortisol, although not in the fully adjusted analysis, and DHEAS were both related to MetS. Whereas high cortisol concentrations were associated with an increased risk of MetS, high DHEAS concentrations appeared protective. By far, the strongest associations with MetS were observed for the cortisol:DHEAS ratio; the higher the ratio, the greater the risk of having MetS. The ratio was also significantly related to four of the five MetS components.ConclusionsThe cortisol:DHEAS ratio is positively associated with MetS. Prospective analyses are needed to help untangle direction of causality, but this study suggests that the cortisol:DHEAS ratio is worthy of further study in this and other health contexts.