bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One country, two experiences: administrative reforms in China and Hong Kong
Authors: Cheung Anthony B.L. 
Published: June 2012

Neither Hong Kong nor mainland China is a democracy, yet both have been active administrative reformers, having achieved significant changes but continuing to operate within systematic and institutional constraints, shaped by path-dependence. Within three decades, China has been transformed from a centrally planned economy into a thriving market economy in the name of ‘socialism with Chinese characteristics’ – a form of market authoritarianism. Hong Kong, meanwhile, had prospered as part of the ‘East Asia miracle’, and been an enthusiast of public sector reform in the ‘new public management’ fashion. Their path and logic of reform have never been entirely straightforward, displaying compromises and uneasy hybrids (more so in mainland China). Though confronted with rising political challenges to governance, both are arguably still ‘success’ types in their own right. The two reform trajectories have run in arguably totally different political contexts, but there is one similarity – administrative reforms were implemented in an authoritarian setting and had embraced a strong agenda of substituting political reforms. Points for practitioners This article uses the case of China and Hong Kong to illustrate administrative modernization under authoritarianism. Both have been active administrative reformers over the past three decades despite not being a democracy. Though confronted with rising political challenges to governance, both are arguably still ‘success’ types in their own right. Hong Kong, along with Singapore, is rated as high achiever by the World Bank’s global governance indicators. Despite political constraints and ideological hurdles, the scale of China’s transformation of the party-state is anything but gigantic. It was held up as exemplary of an alternative growth model, dubbed by some as the ‘Beijing Consensus’, as a counterweight to the neoliberal ‘Washington Consensus’. Their experience underscores the dynamics of governance reform under institutional and political limitations.
All‐Cause Mortality and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity Revisited
Authors: Rich Jeremy , Raviv Ayelette , Raviv Nataly , Brietzke Scott E. 
Published: June 2012

ObjectiveObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a pervasive problem that affects millions worldwide. It is strongly linked to hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke. However, its association with mortality is not clearly quantified. A large database of patients who underwent sleep testing was explored for associations with all‐cause mortality.Study DesignDatabase study.SettingCommunity‐based use of a portable sleep study device.Subjects and MethodsMore than 77,000 patients who underwent a validated, portable sleep study were matched to the Social Security Death File to establish mortality. Measures of OSAS severity and other confounding factors were correlated to all‐cause mortality using survival analysis with multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsAs expected, increasing age (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.080; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.074‐1.086; P <. 0001), body mass index (HR, 1.042; 95% CI, 1.033‐1.051; P <. 0001), and male sex (HR, 1.378; 95% CI, 1.190‐1.595; P <. 001) were associated with increased all‐cause mortality. Epworth sleepiness score was also associated with mortality (HR, 1.015; 95% CI, 1.005‐1.025; P =. 002). Apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) was not associated with mortality after adjustment for age (HR, 1.001; 95% CI, 0.998‐1.004; P =. 416). However, within 10‐year age subgroups, desaturation index (ages 41‐50 years; adjusted HR, 1.217; 95% CI, 1.014‐1.461; P =. 035), apnea index (ages 21‐30 years; HR, 1.632; 95% CI, 1.053‐2.532; P =. 028), and AHI (ages 31‐40 years; HR, 1.222; 95% CI, 1.010‐1.478; P =. 039) were significantly associated with all‐cause mortality in younger patients. In patients older than 50 years, age, sex, and body mass index were dominantly associated with mortality.ConclusionIncreasing OSAS severity, measured by a validated home sleep test and quantified by AHI, the apnea index, and the desaturation index, is independently associated with modestly increased all‐cause mortality in patients younger than 50 years after adjustment for major confounding factors.
Comparative proteome analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A global overview of in vivo targets of the yeast activator protein 1
Authors: Jun He , Kieselbach Thomas , Jönsson Leif J 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
The activity of the yeast activator protein 1 (Yap1p) increases under stress conditions, which leads to enhanced transcription of a number of genes encoding protective enzymes or other proteins. To obtain a global overview of changes in expression of Yap1p-targeted proteins, we compared a Yap1p-overexpressing transformant with a control transformant by triplicate analysis of the proteome using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Proteins of interest were identified using MALDI-MS or LC-MS/MS.

Results
The relative quantities of 55 proteins were elevated significantly upon overexpression of Yap1p, and most of these proteins were found to have a Yap1p-binding site upstream of their coding sequences. Interestingly, the main metabolic enzymes in the glycolysis and pyruvate-ethanol pathways showed a significant increase in the Yap1p-overexpressing transformant. Moreover, a comparison of our proteome data with transcriptome data from the literature suggested which proteins were regulated at the level of the proteome, and which proteins were regulated at the level of the transcriptome. Eight proteins involved in stress response, including seven heat-shock and chaperone proteins, were significantly more abundant in the Yap1p-overexpressing transformant.

Conclusions
We have investigated the general protein composition in Yap1p-overexpressing S. cerevisiae using proteomic techniques, and quantified the changes in the expression of the potential Yap1p-targeted proteins. Identification of the potential Yap1p targets and analysis of their role in cellular processes not only give a global overview of the ubiquitous cellular changes elicited by Yap1p, but also provide the framework for understanding the mechanisms behind Yap1p-regulated stress response in yeast.
mGluR1,5 activation improves network asynchrony and GABAergic synapse attenuation in the amygdala: implication for anxiety-like behavior in DBA/2 mice
Authors: Zhang Fengyu , Liu Bei , Lei Zhuofan , Wang Jin-Hui 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Anxiety is a prevalent psychological disorder, in which the atypical expression of certain genes and the abnormality of amygdala are involved. Intermediate processes between genetic defects and anxiety, pathophysiological characteristics of neural network, remain unclear. Using behavioral task, two-photon cellular imaging and electrophysiology, we studied the characteristics of neural networks in basolateral amygdala and the influences of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) on their dynamics in DBA/2 mice showing anxiety-related genetic defects. Amygdala neurons in DBA/2 high anxiety mice express asynchronous activity and diverse excitability, and their GABAergic synapses demonstrate weak transmission, compared to those in low anxiety FVB/N mice. mGluR1,5 activation improves the anxiety-like behaviors of DBA/2 mice, synchronizes the activity of amygdala neurons and strengthens the transmission of GABAergic synapses. The activity asynchrony of amygdala neurons and the weakness of GABA synaptic transmission are associated with anxiety-like behavior.
Immune function genes CD99L2, JARID2 and TPO show association with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Ramos Paula S , Sajuthi Satria , Langefeld Carl D , Walker Stephen J 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundA growing number of clinical and basic research studies have implicated immunological abnormalities as being associated with and potentially responsible for the cognitive and behavioral deficits seen in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children. Here we test the hypothesis that immune-related gene loci are associated with ASD.FindingsWe identified 2,012 genes of known immune-function via Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Family-based tests of association were computed on the 22,904 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the 2,012 immune-related genes on 1,510 trios available at the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) repository. Several SNPs in immune-related genes remained statistically significantly associated with ASD after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Specifically, we observed significant associations in the CD99 molecule-like 2 region (CD99L2, rs11796490,P = 4.01 × 10-06, OR = 0.68 (0.58-0.80)), in the jumonji AT rich interactive domain 2 (JARID2) gene (rs13193457,P = 2.71 × 10-06, OR = 0.61 (0.49-0.75)), and in the thyroid peroxidase gene (TPO) (rs1514687,P = 5.72 × 10-06, OR = 1.46 (1.24-1.72)).ConclusionsThis study suggests that despite the lack of a general enrichment of SNPs in immune function genes in ASD children, several novel genes with known immune functions are associated with ASD.
Does spatial auto-correlation call for a revision of latest heavy metal and nitrogen deposition maps?
Authors: Schröder Winfried , Pesch Roland , Harmens Harry , Fagerli Hilde , Ilyin Ilia 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
Within the framework of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution atmospheric depositions of heavy metals and nitrogen as well as critical loads/levels exceedances are mapped yearly with a spatial resolution of 50 km by 50 km. The maps rely on emission data and are calculated by use of atmospheric modelling techniques. For validation, EMEP monitoring data collected at up to 70 sites across Europe are used. This spatially sparse coverage gave reason to test if the chemical and physical relations between atmospheric depositions and their accumulation in mosses collected at up to 7000 sites throughout Europe can be quantified in terms of statistical correlations which, if proven, could be used to calculate deposition maps with a higher spatial resolution. Indeed, combining EMEP maps on atmospheric depositions of cadmium, lead and nitrogen and the related maps of their concentrations in mosses by use of a Regression Kriging approach yielded deposition maps with a spatial resolution of 5 km by 5 km. Since spatial auto-correlation can make testing of statistical inference too liberal, the investigation at hand was to validate the 5 km by 5 km deposition maps by analysing if spatial auto-correlation of both EMEP deposition data and moss data impacted on the significance of their statistical correlation and, thus, the validity of the deposition maps. To this end, two hypotheses were tested: 1. The data on deposition and concentrations in mosses of heavy metals and nitrogen are not spatially auto-correlated significantly. 2. The correlations between the deposition and moss data lack statistical significance due to spatial autocorrelation.

Results
As already published, the regression models corroborated significant correlations between the concentrations of heavy metals and nitrogen in atmospheric depositions on the one hand and respective concentrations in mosses on the other hand. This investigation proved that atmospheric deposition and bioaccumulation data are spatially auto-correlated significantly in terms of Moran’s I values and, thus, hypothesis 1 could be rejected. Accordingly, the degrees of freedom were reduced. Nevertheless, the results of the calculations regarding the reduced degrees of freedom indicate that the statistical relations between atmospheric depositions and bioaccumulations remained statistically significant so that hypothesis 2 could be rejected, too.

Conclusions
The positive auto-correlation in data on atmospheric deposition and bioaccumulation does not call for a revision of the 5 km by 5 km deposition maps published in recent papers. Therefore we can conclude that the European moss monitoring yields data that support the validation of modelling and mapping of atmospheric depositions of heavy metals and nitrogen at a high spatial resolution compared to the 50 km x 50 km EMEP maps.
Diabetes, Metformin, and Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Chlebowski Rowan T. , McTiernan Anne , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Manson JoAnn E. , Aragaki Aaron K. , Rohan Thomas , Ipp Eli , Kaklamani Virginia G. , Vitolins Mara , Wallace Robert , Gunter Marc , Phillips Lawrence S. , Strickler Howard , Margolis Karen , Euhus David M. 
Published: June 2012

Purpose Emerging evidence suggests that metformin may reduce breast cancer incidence, but reports are mixed and few provide information on tumor characteristics. Therefore, we assessed associations among diabetes, metformin use, and breast cancer in postmenopausal women participating in Women's Health Initiative clinical trials. Patients and Methods In all, 68,019 postmenopausal women, including 3,401 with diabetes at study entry, were observed over a mean of 11.8 years with 3,273 invasive breast cancers diagnosed. Diabetes incidence status was collected throughout follow-up, with medication information collected at baseline and years 1, 3, 6, and 9. Breast cancers were confirmed by review of central medical records and pathology reports. Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for breast cancer risk factors, compared breast cancer incidence in women with diabetes who were metformin users or nonusers with breast cancer incidence in women without diabetes. Results Compared with that in women without diabetes, breast cancer incidence in women with diabetes differed by diabetes medication type (P = .04). Women with diabetes receiving medications other than metformin had a slightly higher incidence of breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.45), and women with diabetes who were given metformin had lower breast cancer incidence (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.99). The association was observed for cancers positive for both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor and those that were negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Conclusion Metformin use in postmenopausal women with diabetes was associated with lower incidence of invasive breast cancer. These results can inform future studies evaluating metformin use in breast cancer management and prevention.
REVIEWS
Authors: Paffenroth Kim , Humphries Reynold 
Published: June 2012

THE PHILOSOPHY OF HORROR, THOMAS FAHY (ED.) (2010) Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 272 pp., ISBN-10: 0813125731, ISBN-13: 978-0813125732 (hbk), £32.95
GEORGE A. ROMERO: INTERVIEWS, TONY WILLIAMS (ED.) (2011) Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi,
187 pp., ISBN: 978-1-61703-029-1 (pbk), $25
Concurrent Validity of Ages and Stages Questionnaires in Preterm Infants
Authors: Simard Marie-Noëlle , Luu Thuy Mai , Gosselin Julie 
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND:
Although preterm infants born at 29 to 36 gestational weeks (GW) are at risk for developmental delay, they do not always benefit from systematic follow-up. Primary care physicians are then responsible for their developmental surveillance and need effective screening tests. This study aimed to determine whether the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) at 12 and 24 months’ corrected age (CA) identify developmental delay in preterm infants.

METHODS:
With a cross-sectional design involving 2 observations at 12 and 24 months’ CA, 124 and 112 preterm infants were assessed. Infants were born between May 2004 and April 2006 at 29 to 36 GW. The ASQ and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development were used. Concurrent validity was calculated by using κ coefficient, sensitivity, and specificity.

RESULTS:
At 12 months’ CA, the ASQ did not perform well in identifying infants with mental delay (κ = 0.08–0.19; sensitivity = 0.20–0.60; specificity = 0.68–0.88). Agreement (κ = 0.28–0.44) and specificity (0.90–0.97) were better for the psychomotor scale, but the sensitivity remained insufficient (0.25–0.52). At 24 months, the ASQ had good sensitivity (0.75–0.92) and specificity (0.55–0.78) for detecting mental delays (κ = 0.45). Results remained unsatisfactory for detecting motor delays (sensitivity = 0.31–0.50; specificity = 0.73–0.92).

CONCLUSIONS:
Preterm infants with developmental delays at 12 months’ CA are not adequately identified with the ASQ. At 24 months’ CA, the ASQ identifies mental delays but not psychomotor delays. Additional measures should be used to increase yield of detecting at-risk preterm infants.
Global renewable energy trends and Hungary
Authors: Talamon A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Policy support for renewable energy has increased considerably over the past decade. Two drivers underpin this trend: first, the effort to constrain growth in greenhouse-gas emissions and secondly, the concerns to diversify the supply mix (promoted particularly by high oil prices, especially in 2005–2008). To address these concerns, more and more governments are adopting targets and taking measures to increase the share of renewables in the energy mix. Worldwide, traditional and modern renewables together supplied 27% of total demand for heat, or 1059 Mtoe, in 2008. This increases to nearly 1400 Mtoe (1 Mtoe = 42 PJ) in 2035 in the New Policies Scenario, meeting 29% of total demand for heat. The share of modern renewables in total renewables for heat grows from 29% to 48%. This paper is a comparison analysis of the global and the Hungarian renewable energy trends.
2009 Pandemic Influenza A Vaccination of Pregnant Women—King County, Washington State, 2009–2010
Authors: Kay Meagan K. , Koelemay Kathryn G. , Kwan-Gett Tao Sheng , Cadwell Betsy L. , Duchin Jeffrey S. 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. Our objectives were to estimate 2009 pandemic influenza A (pH1N1) vaccination coverage among pregnant women and identify associated factors. Methods. We distributed a multimodal survey to 5341 women who gave birth between November 1, 2009, and January 31, 2010, identified by hospitals in King County, Washington State, with maternity services (n = 11). Results. Of 4205 respondents, 3233 (76.9%) reported that they had received pH1N1 vaccine during pregnancy or within 2 weeks after delivery. Women whose prenatal care provider recommended vaccine had a higher vaccination prevalence than women whose provider did not (81.5% vs 29.6%; adjusted prevalence ratio = 2.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.72, 2.58). Vaccination prevalence was lower among women who had received prenatal care from a midwife only compared with women who had received care from other providers (62.9% vs 78.8%; adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.89; 95% confidence interval = 0.83, 0.96). Conclusions. Among pregnant women in King County, pH1N1 vaccination coverage was high. To improve coverage during nonpandemic seasons, influenza vaccine should be recommended routinely by prenatal care providers and vaccination provided where prenatal care is received. Barriers to midwives providing vaccination recommendations to patients should be explored.
Assessing Integration of Clinical and Public Health Skills in Preventive Medicine Residencies: Using Competency Mapping
Authors: Wells Eden V. , Sarigiannis Amy N. , Boulton Matthew L. 
Published: June 2012

Objectives. We evaluated the utility of a competency mapping process for assessing the integration of clinical and public health skills in a newly developed Community Health Center (CHC) rotation at the University of Michigan School of Public Health Preventive Medicine residency. Methods. Learning objectives for the CHC rotation were derived from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education core clinical preventive medicine competencies. CHC learning objectives were mapped to clinical preventive medicine competencies specific to the specialty of public health and general preventive medicine. Objectives were also mapped to The Council on Linkages Between Academia and Public Health Practice’s tier 2 Core Competencies for Public Health Professionals. Results. CHC learning objectives mapped to all 4 (100%) of the public health and general preventive medicine clinical preventive medicine competencies. CHC population-level learning objectives mapped to 32 (94%) of 34 competencies for public health professionals. Conclusions. Utilizing competency mapping to assess clinical–public health integration in a new CHC rotation proved to be feasible and useful. Clinical preventive medicine learning objectives for a CHC rotation can also address public health competencies.
Influence of Lateral Variation of Permeability on Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage
Authors: Fattahi A. , Akhondzadeh H. , Zare A. R. , Derahman M. N. , Yunan M. H. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is the dominant oil recovery method to extract heavy oil and bitumen in sandstone and tarsand in Canada. There are plenty of publications studying SAGD mechanism and the effects of some reservoir and operating parameters on this process. These factors mainly include steam injection rate and pressure, well placement, vertical and horizontal permeability, barriers, conductive fracture, porosity and pay zone thickness. According to authors literature review, there is not any published study to investigate the effect of lateral variation of vertical permeability on SAGD mechanism and performance. This paper is a numerical effort to study influence of lateral variation of vertical permeability on SAGD mechanism and performance. In this paper some types of lateral variation of vertical permeability are considered to examine their influence on the process.
Compared to uniform permeability case, the case with lower vertical permeability in parts far from the wells shows no change in oil recovery pattern. The case with lower vertical permeability near the wellbore region and the same vertical permeability in parts far from wells results in lower oil recovery till late time of process. Declined permeability to the given extent in middle region with the length of 30 m is the critical length longer which does not have any impact on the oil recovery. While the vertical permeability has considerable effects on oil recovery, associated horizontal permeability also has remarkable impact if happened in near wellbore region. Based on the results, it is concluded that in early time of the process that steam chamber propagates upward, convention has a very important role in heat transfer to reservoir, however, in late time that steam chamber moves sideways, conduction has also an important role in reservoir heating. This work has some evidences revealing the role of convention and conduction in reservoir heating in various steps of SAGD process.
Research on Improving Thermal Efficiency of SAGD Process
Authors: Gao Yongrong , Wang Hongyuan , Shen Dehuang , Guo Erpeng , Li Xiaoling , Zhou Jiuning 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Through the use of high temperature and high pressure two-dimension physical simulation and numerical simulation technology, researches were carried out on the production mechanism of Gas-SAGD (Adding N2 in the process of SAGD-Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) process, mainly including forming thermal insulating layer, reducing the heat loss in the overlying rocks, and improving thermal efficiency; effectively slowing down steam overlap velocity, and expanding the horizontal steam swept volume; reducing steam injection volume to improve economic benefits. It optimizes the nitrogen injection pattern, nitrogen steam ratio and effective nitrogen injection volume. Research results show that nitrogen assisted SAGD exploration technology has the feasibility to be used in Guantao oil reservoir of Du 84 block; it can promote steam chamber in sideways to increase available reserves and can extend SAGD production time and increase oil steam ratio and reservoir recovery factor.