bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine-Learning Based Prediction Model for Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Multiple Wasp Stings: Incorporating Four Admission Clinical Indices
Authors: Wu Wen , Zhang Yupei , Zhang Yilan , Qu Xingguang , Zhang Zhaohui , Zhang Rong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) following multiple wasp stings is a severe complication with potentially poor outcomes. Despite extensive research on AKI's risk factors, predictive models for wasp sting-related AKI are limited. This study aims to develop and validate a machine learning-based clinical prediction model for AKI in individuals with wasp stings. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 214 patients with wasp sting injuries. Among these patients, 34.6% (74/214) developed AKI. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis, the number of stings, presence of gross hematuria, systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and platelet count were identified as prognostic factors. A nomogram was constructed and evaluated for its predictive accuracy, showing an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.757 (95% CI 0.711 to 0.804) and a concordance index (C-index) of 0.75. The model's performance was assessed through internal validation, leave-one-out cross-validation, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Validation confirmed the model's reliability and superior discrimination ability over existing models, as demonstrated by NRI, IDI, and DCA. This nomogram accurately predicts the risk of AKI in wasp sting patients, facilitating early identification and management of those at risk.
Ureteroscopic Techniques and Anatomic Sites Associated with Periods of Elevated Intrarenal Pressure
Authors: Chartier Alexander , Nahhas Nathan , Chadha Priyal , Byler Timothy , Wiener Scott 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose: To describe how ureteroscopic maneuvers, lithotripsy techniques, and anatomic positioning influence pressure readings using a pressure-sensing single-use ureteroscope.
Methods: Single surgeon retrospective case series of ureteroscopy procedures during a pre-market release of the LithoVue™ Elite system from June - July, 2023. Video and pressure recordings correlated pre-defined procedural events (such as anatomic location, lithotripsy technique) to the corresponding pressure. Binary logistic regression and linear regression were performed to assess for predictors of overpressure events (≥2 seconds at ≥40 mmHg) and to assess the relative contribution of each variable to pressure during such events.
Results: 7 of 11 (64%) cases had satisfactory data for review. Of 163 minutes of pressure tracings, over-pressure was 5.8 minutes (8.7%) at 70.7 ± 49.8 mmHg for hand-pump irrigation and 6.8 minutes (8.0%) at 78.6 ± 45.7 mmHg for automated pressure irrigation. Adjusting for irrigation technique, lithotripsy technique, and anatomic location, a logistic regression found that overpressure events were less likely when using an access sheath, dusting, or fragmenting but more likely when using a pressure management system or if in a non-calyceal location. The contribution of each variable during an overpressure event was assessed by linear regression.
Conclusions: Use of an access sheath and hand-pump irrigation was shown to decrease likelihood of an overpressure event. Various lithotripsy techniques were not associated with overpressure events. Operating within a calyx is generally protective of overpressure events. Further prospective, blinded, studies will allow for more accurate interpretation of pressure tracings and correlation to clinical outcomes.
Identification and validation of oxidative stress-related genes in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Dong Songwu , Yan Aidi , Zhang Jing , Ning Bin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) significantly elevates the risk of ischemic stroke.The upsurge in cardiovascular diseases associated with aging is, in part, attributed to oxidative stress.The objective of this research was to discover key genes associated with oxidative stress (OSGs) that could be used as biomarkers for diagnosing AF using bioinformatics analysis.
Methods: Utilizing the AmiGO 2 database, cellular OSGs were identified.The AF patient datasets GSE115574 and GSE79768 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GSE115574 was designated as the training set, while GSE79768 served as the validation set. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with AF were identified specifically from the GSE115574 dataset. DEOSGs resulted from the intersection of OSGs and DEGs, followed by bioinformatics analysis to determine hub genes. Potential diagnostic genes were identified through analyses of gene expression, ROC curves, and nomograms. The miRNA-diagnosis gene regulatory network was established. Finally, targeted drug predictions were conducted.
Results: A total of 339 DEGs were identified from GSE115574, and 452 OSGs were obtained from the AmiGO 2 database. The intersection of DEGs and OSGs comprised 18 DEOSGs, including 12 oxidative stress-suppressor genes and 6 oxidative stress-inducible genes. Ten hub genes, namely JUN, ADIPOQ, AREG, COL1A1, FOS, IL6, KLF4, NR4A2, SOD2, and UCP2, were chosen. Additionally, five diagnostic genes—JUN, AREG, KLF4, SOD2, and UCP2—were identified. ROC analysis revealed the area under the curves (AUCs) of KLF4, JUN, UCP2, AREG, and SOD2 to be 0.733, 0.800, 0.760, 0.684, and 0.640 in the GSE115574 and 0.833, 0.786, 0.667, 0.952, and 0.786 in the GSE79768 dataset. Lastly, leveraging these five diagnostic genes, we identified potential drugs, such as 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine, for targeting oxidative stress-related AF treatment.
Conclusion: The study findings suggest a significant involvement of OSGs in AF. JUN, AREG, KLF4, SOD2, and UCP2 emerge as potential specific biomarkers for early AF diagnosis and therapeutic targeting.
Establishing reproductive seasons for the conservation of a critically endangered mountain ungulate – The Kashmir red deer Cervus hanglu
Authors: Srivast Tanushree , Hameed Javaid , Kumar Vinod , Segu Harika , Narayan Sneha , John Moomin , Vasudevan Karthikeyan , Umapathy Govindhaswamy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Ungulates living in seasonal environments adopt complex life history strategies to cope with pronounced temporal and spatial variability in environmental conditions and resource availability. Understanding the reproductive strategies of slow-breeding mountain ungulates and the associated stress, particularly in the context of human- and climate-induced changes is crucial to devising effective long-term management and conservation strategies. We investigated the patterns in reproductive seasonality and stress in hangul in Kashmir Himalaya, India. We used fecal metabolite concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and glucocorticoids to discern reproductive stages and stress levels. We showed that female hangul exhibited dispersed mating and birth patterns, while males experienced a more synchronized rutting season from October to December. Elevated progestogen levels in females from January to March suggested pregnancies, with low levels in May indicating parturition. Both females and males exhibited mating-related stress. Females also showed parturition-related stress in May, with a spike in males may be due to disturbances from migratory livestock herders’ movements and needs further investigation. The study generates a baseline for captive breeding programs in future and suggests minimizing the anthropogenic disturbances during the times of mating and parturition, both being critical for the population growth of this critically endangered species.
Sniffing at the river bottom: Influence of olfactory organ morphology on the life habits of freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygoninae)
Authors: Shibuya Akemi , Machado Rubia , Duncan Wallice 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The olfaction in batoids have an important role for initial detection of the chemical stimulus produced by prey during the foraging activities. Herein, the morphological and histological description of primary lamellae and secondary folds of olfactory rosettes is given to four species from Rio Negro basin. A simpler structure of olfactory organs in Paratrygon sp. does not indicate a primary sensory role during the initial phase of its feeding behavior. In Potamotrygon wallacei, the largest surface area of primary lamellae suggests enhanced olfactory sensitivity related to its generalist feeding habits and complex substrate exploration. Histological analysis revealed differences in epithelial cell composition among species, with variations in the secondary folds shape and the distribution of mucous cells. The simplicity of secondary folds in both Paratrygon sp. and Potamotrygon orbignyi probably is related to their specialized feeding habits, requiring fewer adaptations to detect different types of chemical stimuli. A central muscular layer in primary lamellae was observed only to P. motoro and P. wallacei and indicates a capacity to expand the olfactory epithelium area. These findings provide insights into the functional morphology of olfactory organs in potamotrygonin stingrays and their ecological implications, evidencing the intricate sensory adaptations crucial for foraging success in diverse freshwater habitats. Additionally, it becomes necessary to take into account the contribution of all sensory systems to understand their foraging behavior. Nonetheless, the generalization of the morphological characteristics of olfactory organ in a potamotrygonin species requires caution, since morphological variations can be found, especially to widespread species.
Impact of American Thyroid Association's Revised Cancer Management Guidelines on Thyroid Cancer Incidence Trends: A SEER Database Study, 2000-2020
Authors: Fwelo Pierre , Heredia Natalia I. , Li Ruosha , Du Xianglin L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The past four decades have seen a steady increase in thyroid cancer in the US. This study investigated the impact of the American Thyroid Association’s (ATA) revised cancer management guidelines on thyroid cancer incidence trends and how the trends varied by socioeconomic, histologic, geographic, and racial and ethnic characteristics from 2000 to 2020.
Methods
We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to identify thyroid cancer cases diagnosed among US patients between 2000 and 2020. We employed Joinpoint Regression software to fit, assess, and compare thyroid cancer incidence trends over time stratified by socioeconomic status (SES), histologic type, geographic location, and race/ethnicity.
Results
Between 2000 and 2009, there was an average annual increase of 5.8% in thyroid cancer incidence [Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC): 5.8, p < 0.05). Subsequently, there was a modest rise (AAPC: 1.1, p < 0.05) from 2010 to 2015, followed by a significant annual decrease of 4.8% from 2016 to 2020 (AAPC: -4.8, p < 0.05). The joinpoint regression models identified prominent inflection points around 2009 and 2015, aligning with the years of ATA’s cancer management revisions. These intricate dynamics in thyroid cancer incidence trends from 2000 to 2020 were shaped by SES, histologic, geographic, and racial/ethnic factors.
Conclusions
Thyroid cancer incidence trends over the past two decades can be partially explained by the changes in thyroid cancer screening and management recommendations. These findings underscore the importance of cancer management strategies and highlight the need for targeted interventions to address disparities in thyroid cancer incidence across minority demographic groups.
Network pharmacology reveals physiological manifestations of viperid envenomation and role of nitric oxide in their treatment
Authors: Sindhu Madhu , Thakur Umesh , Latwal Shiwani , Muwal Diksha , Rao Anju 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Snakebite envenomations pose significant global health challenges with limited effective treatments available. The complex physiological manifestations induced by snake venoms, such as hypoxia, vasoconstriction, and pain, have not fully deciphered at the genetic level. This study employs network pharmacology combined with gene expression analysis to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying these interventions, and to explore nitric oxide as potential therapeutic target for snakebites. We used NCBI and GeneCards databases to collect the gene expression profile and therapeutic targets for snake bites. We identified that upregulation of genes like HIF1A and HIF3A, and downregulation of EGFA indicate responses to venom induced hypoxia. Change in expression of phospholipases and KNG1 suggests alteration in mechanisms involved in vasoconstriction. The increase in expression of cytokines and PTGS2 potentially linked to inflammation and pain induction. We identified 100 nitric oxide-related genes in mouse including 20 key genes directly involved in these responses to envenomation. The protein-protein interaction analysis through Cytoscape indicates that nitric oxide could play pivotal role in neutralizing venom effects. We identified MAFK as master regulator in nitric oxide associated genes set. Our observations highlight a previously unrecognized patterns of gene expression linked to hypoxia, vasoconstriction, and pain, and lays the groundwork for innovative approaches for treating snakebites.
p-n junction induced space-charged localization of single-atom catalysts for boosting oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: He Guanjie , Li Zheng , Wang Qiyou , Wang Mengran , Cheng Hao , Lu Yao , Chen Jian , Zhang Wei , Zheng Jingqiang , Zheng Lirong , Hu Shiwei , Tian Zhongliang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The M-Nx single-atom catalysts (SACs) are critical for efficient energy conversion technologies. However, most SACs with M-Nx moiety (M: Fe, Co, or/and Mn) suffer the strong binding ability with OH* intermediates in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which becomes a bottleneck in accelerating the kinetics. Herein, a universal “space-charged localization effect” strategy is proposed by constructing a p-n junction, where an n-type ZnS semiconductor longitudinally bridges with p-type M-Nx moiety to weaken the interaction of M-Nx with OH*. As expected, the a-ZnS/Fe-NSC electrocatalyst exhibits remarkable intrinsic activity in alkaline media with a half-wave potential of 0.90 V vs. RHE, and long-term durability (a shift of only 10 mV in E1/2 after 8,000 cycles). This phenomenon can be ascribed to the optimization of electronic structure, the S-MN4 site can effectively activate the M center with the intermediate spin state which possesses one eg electron (t2g4 eg1) readily penetrating the antibonding π-orbital of oxygen. Moreover, it offers a superior power density and higher discharge voltage in Al-air batteries. This universal strategy provides a rational perspective for the design of SACs and electronic structure engineering to construct robust active sites for high-performance oxygen reduction.
Quadra-Boost Switched Capacitor Inverter (QBSCI) Topology With Reduced Components and On State Switches With Minimum Total Blocking Voltage
Authors: Arun Vijayakumar , Prabhu Sundaramoorthy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Switched Capacitors are an effective way to reach greater voltage levels while reducing the requirement for numerous DC sources by maximizing the stored energy in capacitors. However, establishing Multi-Level Inverters (MLIs) with minimal sources, switches, and capacitors is a significant challenge. This paper describes a novel boost-type multilevel inverter known as the “Quadra-Boost Switched Capacitor Inverter" (QBSCI). This arrangement significantly decreases the overall quantity of components as well as on-state switches, resulting in lower losses and enhance the efficiency. The suggested architecture has various benefits, such as a fourfold rise in voltage capacity, decreased overall blocking voltage and self-balancing capacitor voltages. An elegant series-and-parallel connection of switching capacitors forms the foundation of the structure. This study focuses on operational concepts, including the process of maintaining capacitor voltage balance. Its superior performance is confirmed by extensive comparisons with state-of-the-art alternatives and rigorous loss studies. Simulation findings for numerous test situations, as well as experimental data from a well-equipped laboratory, support the suggested QBSCI's performance. This study highlights the QBSCI's capacity to handle the issues of high-voltage MLIs while reducing component count and increasing efficiency.
Folate receptor-targeted Camptothecin-loaded PLGA-Glutenin nanoparticles for effective breast cancer treatment
Authors: Rajeshkumar Raja Rajeswari , Panneerselvam Theivendren , Pavadai Parasuraman , Pandian Sureshbabu Ram Kumar , Krishnakumar A. Santhana , Sankaranarayan Murugesan , Kabilan Shanmugampillai Jeyarajaguru , Kunjiappan Selvaraj 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The combination of natural and synthetic polymers for nanomedicine development had many advantages, including less toxicity, biocompatibility, prolonged circulation, higher stability, and ease of surface modification. Here, a novel folic acid-conjugated Camptothecin-loaded-poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid-glutenin nanoparticles (FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs) was fabricated to treat breast cancer. FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs target breast cancer cells via upregulated folate receptors and delivered their toxic payloads without disrupting healthy cells. First, CPT-loaded PLGA NPs were created using a modified emulsification/evaporation technique. Second, Glu-based CPT-PLGA NPs were synthesized using a layer-by-layer assembly, and their physiochemical properties were validated. CPT encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity into PLGA-Glu NPs were 74.95 ± 1.34% and 4.78 ± 1.08%, respectively. CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs exhibited sustained and controlled release of loaded-CPT from NPs, and the highest content was released in an acidic environment (pH 5.3), which will be advantageous for cancer treatment. Later, FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs were synthesized by simple conjugation chemistry. The fabricated FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs were around 100 nm in size, with a spherical form and crystalline nature. FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs show strong cytotoxicity activity, and its IC50 value was 16.33 µg × mL− 1 against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). This folate-receptor-targeted NPs are more effectively internalized into MCF-7 cells, causing ROS generation, cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis. The activity of caspase-3 and − 9 causes MCF-7 cells apoptosis by internalized CPT. Further, internalized CPT induces potential loss of mitochondrial transmembrane and damages the nuclear integrity of the cancer cells. These results showed that the FA-CPT-PLGA-Glu NPs target upregulated folate receptors on the surface of MCF-7 cells.
Harmonizing Aerodynamic Efficiency, Stability, and Acoustic Excellence: Multi-Objective Optimization for Electric Vehicle Rear-End Design
Authors: Beigmoradi Sajjad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In recent years, the automotive field has exposed a significant surge in electrification, presenting a pivotal solution to environmental concerns. However, addressing the challenge of driving mileage remains a critical aspect in the realm of electric vehicles (EVs). Among the various factors influencing battery energy consumption during operation, aerodynamic force emerges as a primary contributor. Mitigating this force holds the key to substantial improvements in driving mileage, making it a focal point of exploration in this research. The impact of aerodynamic force extends beyond mere energy consumption; it intricately influences battery size, vehicle mileage, performance, stability, and passenger comfort. Navigating this multifaceted terrain poses a formidable challenge for automotive engineers engaged in the development of electric vehicles. This study undertakes the optimization of rear-end design factors for a hatchback electric vehicle, specifically addressing drag, lift, and aerodynamic noise objectives. Five critical geometric factors of the rear end – Rear Spoiler Length, Rear Spoiler Angle, Rear Diffuser Angle, Boat Tail Angle, and 5th Door Height – are identified as key design parameters. The interplay of these factors and their impact on objectives is systematically investigated through a Design of Experiment (DoE) approach. To enhance the efficiency of the investigation, a fractional factorial design method is utilized, effectively reducing the number of individual case studies. The formulation of regression equations, capturing the essence of significant terms for each objective, lays the groundwork for a subsequent multi-objective optimization process. This optimization, driven by the maximization of a composite desirability function, identifies optimal levels for each design factor. The research culminates in the selection of a model with optimum rear-end factors based on a comprehensive evaluation of drag, lift, and aerodynamic noise objectives. The aerodynamic performance surrounding this optimal model is intricately described, offering valuable insights into the holistic impact of the chosen design parameters on the electric vehicle's aerodynamics.
Generative AI-based Style Recommendation Using Fashion ItemDetection and Classification
Authors: Kalinin Aleksandr , Jafari Akbar Anbar , Avots Egils , Ozcinar Cagri , Anbarjafari Gholamreza 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This research work focuses on the creation of a cutting-edge style recommendation system that uses generative AI and deep learning approaches to analyse fashion photos. The system is intended to process input images, such as selfies or studio-quality photos, and output a text file with extensive feedback on the individual's style and suggestions for improvement. The system consists of two main components: the YOLOv8 convolutional neural network, which detects and crops clothing items, and the GPT-4.0 large language model, which generates informative style commentary and recommendations. YOLOv8 is briefly trained on a specific dataset to improve its performance in recognising 10 different types of clothes, while GPT-4.0, which is accessible via the OpenAI API, is charged with giving cohesive and short style suggestions. To evaluate the success of the suggested solution, real experimental trials were conducted at many events in Madrid and Tallinn. Three well-known AI models were used for comparison: OpenAI's GPT-4.0 Vision, Google's Gemini 1.5 Pro, and Anthropic's Claude 3 - Opus. Participants judged the quality of each model's fashion recommendations. The results showed that GPT-4.0 Vision and Gemini 1.5 Pro had comparable average ratings, indicating higher perceived quality than Claude 3 - Opus. This research work demonstrates how cutting-edge computer vision and natural language processing technology may transform personalised fashion advising services, improving accuracy and relevance of style recommendations.