bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SIRT6 regulates protein synthesis and folding through nucleolar remodeling
Authors: Toiber Debra , Stein Daniel , Portillo Miguel , Kopatch Shai Kaluski- , Stein Daniel , Lachberg Yuval , Eremenko Ekaterina , Smirnov Dmitri , Einav Monica , Khrameeva Ekaterina , Ben-Zvi Anat , Schumacher Björn 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

An important hallmark of aging – and particularly of neurodegeneration – is the loss of proteostasis, which often leads to cellular stress responses and even cell death. However, the causal mechanisms driving proteostasis are unclear. Here, we show that SIRT6 has a critical role in maintaining proteostasis. It negatively regulates global translation by controlling ribosomal genes, nucleolar function and TIP5 chromatin localization. SIRT6 deletion dramatically increases nucleolar size, rRNA production and protein translation. However, the expression of protein-folding genes remains unchanged, failing to compensate for excessive translation, hence leading to reduced protein folding capacity and the production of aggregates. In vivo, we establish a C. elegans model (sir-2.4 KO) that shows reduced heat shock resistance and an accelerated age-dependent reduction in motility. Sir-2.4 depletion in a neuron-specific protein aggregation-prone polyQ strain led to premature motility loss indicative of motor neuron dysfunction. These results point to proteostasis-stress intolerance in the absence of the SIRT6 ortholog that can be rescued by pharmacologically reducing protein translation rates. Together, our data suggest that SIRT6 deficiency in aging and neurodegeneration contributes to proteostasis loss through gene dysregulation of nucleolar function and the translation machinery. These results highlight that deficient proteostasis is the consequence of chromatin dysregulation that ultimately leads to neurodegeneration.
π-4f charge-transfer emission in a trivalent europium complex
Authors: Kitagawa Yuichi , Tomikawa Toranosuke , Aikawa Kota , Miyazaki Shiori , Akama Tomoko , Kobayashi Masato , Wang Mengfei , Shoji Sunao , Fushimi Koji , Miyata Kiyoshi , Hirai Yuichi , Nakanishi Takayuki , Onda Ken , Taketsugu Tetsuya , Hasegawa Yasuchika 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Photoinduced metal-to-ligand (or ligand-to-metal) charge-transfer (CT) states in metal complexes have been extensively studied toward the development of luminescent materials. However, previous studies have mainly focused on CT transitions between d- and π-orbitals. Herein, we report the first demonstration of CT emission from 4f to π orbital using a trivalent europium (Eu(III)) complex. The Eu(III) complex possessed an eight-coordination structure composed of three anionic nitrates and two neutral electron-donating ligands with a carbazole unit. The diffuse reflectance spectrum of the complex showed an absorption band at 440 nm, associated with the π-4f CT. Moreover, CT excitation (λex = 440 nm) provides the characteristic emission at 550 nm. Comparative photophysical analyses using Gd(III) complexes, solvent-dependent emission analyses, and quantum chemical calculations revealed that the observed emissions were ascribed to the π-4f CT transition. The observation of π-4f CT emission provides new insights into molecular luminescence science and technology.
Ab initio intermolecular interactions mediate thermochemically real-fluid effects that affect system reactivity
Authors: Cheng Song , Wang Mingrui , Tang Ruoyue , Ren Xinrui , Cui Yanqing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The properties of supercritical fluids are dictated by intermolecular interactions that involve two or more molecules. Such intermolecular interactions were described via intermolecular potentials in historical supercritical combustion modeling studies, but have been treated empirically and with no consideration of radical interactions or multi-body interactions involving more than two molecules. This approach has been adopted long ago, assuming sufficient characterization of real-fluid effects during supercritical combustion. Here, with data from ab initio multi-body intermolecular potentials, non-empirical Virial Equation of State (EoS), and real-fluid thermochemical and kinetic simulations, we reveal that empirical intermolecular potentials can lead to significant errors in representing supercritical fluids under common combustion situations, which can be impressively described by ab initio intermolecular potentials. These interactions are also found to greatly influence autoignition delay times, a common measure of global reactivity, with significant contributions from radical interactions and multi-body interactions. It is therefore of necessity to incorporate ab initio intermolecular interactions in studying supercritical combustion and various dynamic systems involving supercritical fluids, which has now been enabled through the new framework developed in the present study.
A normative principle governing memory transfer in cerebellar motor learning
Authors: Kim Sang Jeong , Bae Hyojin , Seo Jewoo , Kim Chang-Eop 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The cerebellum, consisting of the cerebellar cortex and nuclei, plays a crucial role in motor learning and exhibits a phenomenon known as systems consolidation, where memory traces are transferred from the cortex to the nuclei. However, the underlying principles and mechanisms governing this memory transfer remain unclear. In this study, we propose a normative framework extending the bias-variance tradeoff that predicts task difficulty as a key factor regulating memory transfer. We model the cerebellum as a dual learning system composed of a complex cortical networks and simpler nuclear network, with a cost function that trades off bias, variance, and overhead costs. Computational simulations and in-vivo optogenetic experiments in mice demonstrate that easier tasks promote greater transfer to the simpler system during consolidation, while harder tasks favor retention in the complex system. Moreover, task difficulty correlates with the specificity of the learned response to untrained stimulus conditions. Our findings provide a unifying framework to explain previously disparate experimental observations and predict novel aspects of cerebellar learning and memory consolidation.
Mechanical properties of Indonesian organic-rich shales from the Central Sumatra and North Sumatra Basin, and comparison with US shales
Authors: Lanin Eril Suhada , Sone Hiroki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Mechanical characterization of shales is a fundamental requirement in optimizing shale resource development and transferring development strategies between shale plays. Here we report the laboratory-based mechanical properties of Indonesian shale potentials located within Tertiary basins in active margin settings. Samples from surface-outcrops of lacustrine sediments in the Central Sumatra Basin (CSB) and subsurface-cores of marine deposits in the North Sumatra Basin (NSB) were examined in a series of experiments for their mechanical properties including rock strength, elastic properties, and creep compliance. Results show that the Indonesian shales studied here are generally more compliant than Mesozoic/Paleozoic U.S. shales reported in the literature. Within the context of a binary mixture model (stiff and soft components) used to explain shale elastic properties, these differences in mechanical properties imply that the soft and stiff end-members are more compliant in Indonesian shales. We interpret these differences as the difference in mechanical maturity, which reflects the degree to which mechanical properties have evolved due diagenesis. CSB and NSB samples are considered to be early mature, mechanically, compared to the mechanically mature U.S. shales. Particularly, the Baong Formation samples from the NSB studied here come from a hard-overpressured interval and are mechanically immature, despite their moderate thermal maturity based on vitrinite reflectance. Laboratory results also show no significant differences in mechanical properties between shales deposited in lacustrine (CSB samples) and marine (NSB samples) environments.
Association between mother’s work status and child stunting in Kenya: Does socio-economic status matter?
Authors: Machio Phyllis Mumia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Malnutrition is a major health problem affecting many parts of the world. Stunting is the most prevalent form of malnutrition. Recent statistics indicate that 18% of children in Kenya were stunted in 2022. This study sought to investigate the effect of maternal employment and occupation on child stunting in Kenya. We also investigate whether these effects vary by socioeconomic status.
Methods
This study used data from the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. Data collection took place from 17th February 2022 to 31st July 2022. The study uses descriptive analysis and estimates a multivariate logistic regression.
Results
Results indicate that the odds of child stunting were 1.111 higher for children whose mothers worked compared to those whose mothers did not working. For poor mothers, the negative effect of maternal employment on child stunting is significant and stronger. For non-poor mothers, the effect of maternal employment on stunting is not statistically significant. For maternal occupation, we find that the odds of child stunting was 1.286 and 1.431 higher for children whose mothers were engaged in agricultural and in domestic work than those whose mothers were engaged in professional work. The effects are stronger for women living in poor households.
Conclusion
Implications of these findings are that the negative effects of maternal employment on child nutrition aren’t uniform but disproportionately affect children of mothers living in poor households. These findings suggest need for governments to invest in affordable but quality childcare facilities even as promote maternal employment so as to cushion children from malnutrition especially those living in poor households.
Investigation on the effect of cryogenic treatment parameters on residual stress and machining deformation of Hydrogen-resistant Steel
Authors: Yang Quanwei , Kong Jinxing , Du Dongxing , Guo Minglong , Liu Silai , Li Xiuru , Dong Zhigang , Kang Renke , Wei Zhaocheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Hydrogen resistant steel thin-walled components are widely used in various fields due to their advantages of high strength and toughness. The residual stress inside the material is a key factor affecting the deformation of hydrogen resistant steel thin-walled parts. This article uses orthogonal experimental method and contour method to study the effects of deep cooling temperature, deep cooling time, number of cold and hot cycles, and deep cooling cooling rate on residual stress inside hydrogen steel. The results indicate that − 130 ℃ (deep cooling temperature), 10 hours (deep cooling time), 3 cold and hot cycles, and − 2.5 ℃/min (cooling rate) are the optimal parameters for reducing residual stress. The order of influence of cryogenic parameters on residual stress inside hydrogen steel materials is: cryogenic temperature, cryogenic time, number of cold and hot cycles, and cooling rate. In addition, the use of composite cryogenic treatment and ultrasonic vibration further reduces residual stress and controls machining deformation. Finally, the surface roughness of the four surfaces was reduced through low-temperature micro lubrication (CMQL).
Risk factors for poor neurological recovery after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: imaging characteristics
Authors: lu haitao , zhang wei , chai zihao , ge xiubo , yu haiyang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:Poor neurological recovery in patients after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion has been frequently reported; however, there are no studies that analyze the preoperative imaging characteristics of patients to investigate the factors affecting surgical prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing patients' preoperative imaging characteristics on poor neurologic recovery after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 89 patients who met the criteria for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the treatment of single-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy and evaluated the patients' neurological recovery based on the recovery rate of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores at the time of the final follow-up visit;patients were categorized into "good" and "poor" groups based on JOA recovery rates of ≥ 50% and < 50%, respectively. Clinical information (age, gender, body mass index, duration of symptoms, JOA score preoperative and at the final follow-up), and imaging characteristics (cervical kyphosis, cervical instability, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL), calcification of herniated intervertebral discs, increased signal intensity(ISI) of the spinal cord on T2WI, and degree of degeneration of the discs adjacent to the fused levels (cranial and caudal) were collected from the patients.) Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for poor neurologic recovery.
Results The mean age of the patients was 52.56 ± 11.18 years, and the mean follow-up was 26.89±11.14 months. 20 patients (22.5%) had poor neurological recovery. Univariate analysis showed that significant predictors of poor neurological recovery were age (p = 0.019), concomitant OPLL (p = 0.019), concomitant calcification of herniated intervertebral discs (p = 0.019), ISI of the spinal cord on T2WI (p ＜0.05), a high grade of degeneration of the discs of the cranial neighboring levels (p ＜0.05), and a high grade of discs of the caudal neighboring levels (p ＜0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that ISI of the spinal cord on T2WI (p = 0.001 OR = 24.947), and high degree of degeneration of adjacent discs on the cranial side (p = 0.040 OR = 6.260) were independent risk factors for poor neurological prognosis.
Conclusion ISI of the spinal cord on T2WI and high degree of cranial adjacent disc degeneration are independent risk factors for poor neurological recovery after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, and comprehensive analysis of the patients' preoperative imaging characteristics can help in the development of surgical protocols and the management of patients' surgical expectations.
Double vascular rings: An infant case of double innominate veins with incomplete double aortic arch: a case report
Authors: Ishii Hiroki , Saito Mika , Uyeda Tomomi , Kuwahara Yuta 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background Double aortic arch (DAA) is a type of vascular ring, causing stridor and dysphagia owing to compression of the trachea and esophagus. In contrast, double innominate veins, which is a relatively rare venous anomaly, usually does not cause symptoms or require intervention.Case presentation A 2-month-old boy presented with mild stridor and a hoarse voice while crying, and was diagnosed as having incomplete DAA, small atrial septal defects and double innominate vein. The double innominate veins, crossing over and underneath the ascending aorta, did not contribute to airway compression. To release the narrow vascular ring caused by the DAA, surgical resection of the atretic side of the arch was performed by lateral thoracostomy at 4 months of age, before the appearance of signs of bronchomalacia. The double innominate veins were left untouched, and open-heart surgery was avoided.Conclusions DAA should be suspected if airway symptoms are present in early infancy, particularly if a right aortic arch is noted. It is important not to hesitate to perform diagnostic imaging and release the DAA, as this might prevent or minimize airway complications. However, for double innominate veins, operative release is not necessary unless it interferes with surgical procedures or is causing symptoms.
Shaping the Future: Perspectives on the Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Health Profession Education: A Multi-country Survey
Authors: issa Wegdan bani , Shorbagi Ali , Alshorman Alham , Rababa Mohamad , Majed Khalid Al , Radwan Hadia , Raffat Fatma Ahmad , Yateem Nabeel AL , Mottershead Richard , Abdelrahim Dana N. , Hijazi Heba , Khasawneh Wafa , Ibrahim Ali , Abbas Nada , Fakhry Randa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming health profession education (HPE) through personalized learning technologies. HPE students must also learn about AI to understand its impact on healthcare delivery. We examined HPE students’ AI-related knowledge and attitudes, and perceived challenges in integrating AI in HPE.
Methods: This cross-sectional included medical, nursing, physiotherapy, and clinical nutrition students from four public universities in Jordan, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Egypt. Data were collected between February and October 2023 via an online survey that covered five main domains: benefits of AI in healthcare, negative impact on patient trust, negative impact on the future of healthcare professionals, inclusion of AI in HPE curricula, and challenges hindering integration of AI in HPE.
Results: Of 642 participants, 66.4% reported low AI knowledge levels. The UAE had the largest proportion of students with low knowledge (72.7%). The majority (54.4%) of participants had learned about AI outside their curriculum, mainly through social media (66%). Overall, 51.2% expressed positive attitudes toward AI, with Egypt showing the largest proportion of positive attitudes (59.1%). Although most participants viewed AI in healthcare positively (91%), significant variations were observed in other domains. The majority (77.6%) supported integrating AI in HPE, especially in Egypt (82.3%). A perceived negative impact of AI on patient trust was expressed by 43.5% of participants, particularly in Egypt (54.7%). Only 18.1% of participants were concerned about the impact of AI on future healthcare professionals, with the largest proportion from Egypt (33.0%). Some participants (34.4%) perceived AI integration as challenging, notably in the UAE (47.6%). Common barriers included lack of expert training (53%), awareness (50%), and interest in AI (41%).
Conclusion: This study clarified key considerations when integrating AI in HPE. Enhancing students’ awareness and fostering innovation in an AI-driven medical landscape are crucial for effectively incorporating AI in HPE curricula.
Liver-FDG-uptake and CAR T-cell kinetics augment early PET/CT prognostic value for CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Beck Michael , Blumenberg Viktoria , Bücklein Veit , Bundschuh Ralph , Harrer Dennis , Hirschbühl Klaus , Jung Johannes , Kunz Wolfgang , Menhart Karin , Winkelmann Michael , Yakushev Igor , Illert Anna Lena , Eckstein Markus , Völkl Simon , Claus Rainer , Hansmann Leo , Hecker Judith , Kuwert Torsten , Mackensen Andreas , Subklewe Marion , Hellwig Dirk , Müller Fabian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Despite revolutionary efficacy of CD19.CAR-T cell therapy (CAR-T) in aggressive B cell lymphoma, many patients still relapse mostly early. In early failure, distinct drugs support CAR-T which makes reliable and early prediction of imminent relapse/refractoriness critical. CAR-T cell expansion or negative day 30 PET/CT-scan (PET30-CR) predict PFS but individually fail in a relevant proportion of patients. We aimed to combine early biomarkers to more reliably predict relapse post CAR-T. Sixty-six patients with aggressive B cell lymphoma treated with CD19.CAR-T were retrospectively analyzed. Pre-CAR-T, response to bridging, LDH, total metabolic tumor volume, and international metabolic prognostic index predicted PFS. Post-CAR-T, PET30-CR classified the remission status correctly in 40 of 52 patients (77 %). Adding absolute CAR T-cell counts assessed between day seven and day ten post-infusion to PET30-response improved correct identification to 24 of 29 patients (83 %). Increased liver FDG-uptake from baseline to day30 (delta-Liver-SUVmean) was an independent biomarker for response. The combination of PET30 and delta-liver-SUVmean identified patients at very low, at intermediate and at very high risk of relapse (PFS not reached, 7.5 months, 1.5 months, respectively). Our results may guide early intervention studies aiming to enhance CAR-T particularly in the very high-risk patients.
Regional variations in the trend of iron supplementation during pregnancy and its multi- level predictors: Evidence from Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Shahzad Ruhma , Zakar Rubeena , Shahzad Hamda , Zakar Nazoora Manal , Tariq Fiza , Ahmed Razan , Fischer Florian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Iron supplementation during pregnancy is a key intervention preventing and treating iron deficiency anemia with its efficacy and benefits well-documented. Despite this, a comprehensive understanding of the trends and predictors of iron supplementation across different regions remains limited. This study aims to assess the temporal trends in iron supplementation among pregnant women and identify its multi-level predictors.
Methods
This research utilizes data from four waves of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS; 2006–07 to 2019) to analyze trends in iron supplementation, calculating rates and percentage changes with Microsoft Excel version 365. The data from PDHS 2019 is examined to identify predictors of iron supplementation during pregnancy using SPSS version 22 employing binary regression models. The dependent variable is the response to the question on “supplementation of iron tablets during pregnancy”, with various individual, community, and institutional level factors as independent variables.
Results
There has been a 44.1% increase in iron supplementation among pregnant women nationwide, with regional increases of 61.7% in rural areas and 19.9% in urban areas, leading to a current national supplementation rate of 65.4%. Factors such as older age, rural residency, living in Sindh or Baluchistan, smoking history, higher number of pregnancies and losses, and more children born or deceased were associated with lower odds of iron supplementation(p < 0.005). Conversely, higher education, residency in Gilgit Baltistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmi, as well as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and lady health worker’s advice regarding antenatal care were the significant factors with antenatal care utilization as the strongest predictor of supplementation in both unadjusted (OR = 30.07; 95% CI: 23.55–38.40) and adjusted models (AOR = 31.29; 95% CI: 14.37–68.11).
Conclusion
Although over half of pregnant women in the study population take iron supplements, the rate is still lower compared to many other countries. Significant regional disparities suggest the need for targeted efforts to increase supplementation rates and improve maternal health outcomes.
Mendelian Randomization Study: Investigating the Causal Impact of Covid-19 on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Tang Ruisi , Guo Weijie , Hu Ying , Ma Mengna , Xu Luying , Huang Yuchen , Cai Rui , Zhang Yaoyao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Due to limitations in observational studies, the link between COVID-19 and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) remains inconclusive. This study uses two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess COVID-19's causal effects on APO traits.
Methods
We applied inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode to thoroughly evaluate the effects of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and severity on eight APO traits.
Results
Our findings indicate that COVID-19 infection is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriages (OR: 0.95, 95%CI (0.99, 0.91); p = 0.014) and preterm labor and delivery (OR: 1.30, 95%CI (1.63, 1.04); p = 0.019), and a decreased risk of eclampsia (OR: 0.35, 95%CI (0.94, 0.12); p = 0.033).