bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metatronics-inspired high-selectivity metasurface filter
Authors: Lv Qihao , Qin Xu , Hu Mingzhe , Li Peihang , Zhang Yongjian , Li Yue 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Metatronic circuits extend the concept of subwavelength-scaled lumped circuitry from electronics to optics and photonics, providing a distinctive design paradigm for versatile optical nanocircuits. Here, based on the design of optical nanocircuits using metatronics concept, we introduce a general approach for dispersion synthesis with metasurface to achieve high-selectivity filtering response. We theoretically and numerically demonstrate how to achieve basic circuit lumped elements in metatronics by tailoring the dispersion of metasurface at the frequency of interest. Then, following the Butterworth filter design method, the meticulously designed metasurface, acting as lumped elements, are properly stacked to achieve a near-rectangular filtering response. Compared to the conventional designs, the proposed approach can simultaneously combine high selectivity with the theoretically widest out-of-band rejection in a considerably simple and time-efficient manner of circuit assembly, similar to electronic circuits, without extensive numerical simulations and complex structures. This dispersion synthesis approach provides exciting possibilities for high-performance metasurface design and future integrated circuits and chips.
Gruson’s Fahrpanzer – Historical insights thanks to non-destructive materials science
Authors: Dieck S. , Wilke M. , Halle T. , Strobach L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Gruson’s Fahrpanzer is a remarkable example of the military-technological changes occurring in the 19th century. It is a small and movable armour carriage for guns, i. e., an artillery piece shielded by armor. It was invented by Hermann Gruson and Maximilian Schumann and exported around the world. Even though the technical data had been documented extensively at the time, knowledge about the materials used and their mechanical properties have not survived. For this paper, one of Gruson’s Fahrpanzers was analyzed for the first time through materials science. The hypothesis that Gruson used his famous chilled cast iron for the Fahrpanzer could thus be refuted.
Enhanced interlaminar structure and dynamic mechanical properties of Tectona grandis fiber (TGF)/polypropylene fiber (PPF)/carbon nanotube (CNT) nano composite prepared solid dipping coating process
Authors: Karthikeyan Alagappan , Sekar Mohan , Selvabharathi Rajendran 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The interlaminar structure and dynamic mechanical properties of Tectona grandis fiber (TGF), polypropylene fiber (PPF), and carbon nanotube (CNT) nano composite were investigated in the current study. In order to improve the mechanical characteristics and microstructure, the present investigations used T. grandis fiber and polypropylene fiber (inorganic–organic) materials mixed with nano composite and epoxy resin. Strong bonding strength and high wear resistance were created by the silane characteristics during the coating process for the outer surface layers. Since CNT nanomaterials were directly reflected onto the outer surface, the microstructure analyses amply demonstrated that hexagonal lattice structure and crystallisation development were detected in the inner surface layer. In order to increase high stiffness and bonding strength, storage modulus and loss modulus values were applied to all composite materials, and the TGF/PPF/CNT composite materials’ hardness value was developed at 112 HV. The tensile strength of TG/PP composite was 46.7 MPa, while that of TGF/PPF/CNT composite was 57.4 MPa. Studies on wear resistance showed unequivocally that the TGF/PPF/CNT composite reduced wear and friction.
Historisches Erbe regionaler Innovationstätigkeit – der Fall Ost- und Westdeutschland
Authors: Fritsch Michael , Greve Maria , Wyrwich Michael 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag untersuchen Michael Fritsch, Maria Greve und Michael Wyrwich die Auswirkungen der deutschen Teilung und Wiedervereinigung auf die Innovationsaktivitäten in Ostdeutschland. Die empirischen Analysen deuten darauf hin, dass die Vorteile der Integration der beiden Innovationssysteme zu einem großen Teil in Westdeutschland anfielen, trotz der Zunahme an Innovationsaktivitäten im Osten. Offenbar beruht dieses zunehmende Ost-West-Gefälle nicht allein auf der Ineffizienz ostdeutscher Innovationsaktivitäten während der sozialistischen Periode, sondern auch auf der im Rahmen der schnellen Wiedervereinigung erfolgten Schock-Transformation.
Comparative analysis among the degradation potential of enzymes obtained from Escherichia coli against the toxicity of sulfur dyes through molecular docking
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Salah Ud Din Maida , Aziz Tariq , Javed Tayyab , Miraj Khan Sana , Naveed Rida , Ali Khan Ayaz , Alharbi Metab 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The common bacterium Escherichia coli has demonstrated potential in the field of biodegradation. E. coli is naturally capable of biodegradation because it carries a variety of enzymes that are essential for the breakdown of different substances. The degradation process is effectively catalyzed by these enzymes. The collaborative effects of E. coli’s aryl sulfotransferase, alkanesulfonate moonoxygenase, and azoreductase enzymes on the breakdown of sulfur dyes from industrial effluents are investigated in this work. ExPASY ProtParam was used to confirm the stability of the enzyme, showing an instability index less than 40. We determined the maximum binding affinities of these enzymes with sulfur dye pollutants – 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, sulfogene, sulfur green 3, sulfur red 6, sulfur red 1, sulfur yellow 2, thianthrene, thiazone, and thional – using comparative molecular docking. Significantly, the highest binding affinity was shown by monooxygenase (−12.1), whereas aryl sulfotransferase and azoreductase demonstrated significant energies of −11.8 and −11.4, respectively. The interactions between proteins and ligands in the docked complexes were examined. To evaluate their combined effects, co-expression analysis of genes and enzyme bioengineering were carried out. Using aryl sulfotransferase, alkanesulfonate monooxygenase, and azoreductase, this study investigates the enzymatic degradation of sulfur dye pollutants, thereby promoting environmentally friendly and effective sulfur dye pollutant management.
Height Restrictions for Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry: What Are Our Options for Body Composition and Bone Health Precision?
Authors: Redinger Allen L. , Russell Jennifer L. , Allen Shawn M.F. , Baker Breanne S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRedinger, AL, Russell, JL, Allen, SMF, and Baker, BS. Height restrictions for dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry: what are our options for body composition and bone health precision?J Strength Cond ResXX(X): 000–000, 2024—Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is commonly used for testing athlete's body composition, but many athletes are too tall. The first aim was to assess the viability of combining upper- and lower-body regions of interest (ROI), creating a combined scan for tall athletes who do not fit on the table and second, to provide practical solutions to DXA users who routinely scan tall athletes. Sixty subjects (34.8 ± 11.9 years; 171 ± 9 cm) completed 2 total-body DXA scans for baseline precision testing, using GE Lunar Prodigy (LP) or Hologic Horizon A (HA) models. Next, an upper body ROI from the skull to the distal femoral condyles was combined with a flipped scan (feet-to-head) ROI encompassing the proximal tibial plateau to the distal foot. Soft and bone tissue coefficient of variance (CV%) were calculated between the baseline scans and for the newly combined ROI scan. The combined ROI scan added 0.25–0.63% and 0.01–4.35% error rates for the LP and HA, respectively. An exploratory assessment of a GE Lunar iDXA demonstrated results similar to the HA with 4%+ error. The combined ROI scan is a user-friendly and precise method for older LP systems adding less than 1% error; however, newer DXA systems cannot use the stitched scan technique. Coaches and practitioners who use newer DXAs must prioritize consistently using the same boney landmarks (head, jaw, or feet) and ROI heights to provide precise longitudinal assessments of tall athletes' bone and body composition, until larger DXA tables become available.
Inter-Repetition Rest Impact on the Estimated Repetitions in Reserve at Various Loads and Proximities to Neuromuscular Failure
Authors: Ruiz-Alias Santiago A. , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Leando Quidel-Catrilelbún Maurio Elías , García-Pinillos Felipe , Pérez-Castilla Alejandro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ruiz-Alias, SA, Ramirez-Campillo, R, Leando Quidel-Catrilelbún, ME, García-Pinillos, F, and Pérez-Castilla, A. Inter-repetition rest impact on the estimated repetitions in reserve at various loads and proximities to neuromuscular failure . J Strength Cond Res 38(8): 1379–1385, 2024—The repetitions in reserve (RIR) estimation method allows for monitoring resistance training set volume. However, a significant bias is commonly observed when ending the set further from neuromuscular failure and using lower relative loads. Is unclear if implementing an IRR could improve its estimation validity. This study aimed to determine if the RIR estimation is influenced by the IRR at different relative loads and proximities to neuromuscular failure during the back squat (BQ) and bench press (BP) exercises. After a familiarization session, 19 male subjects (age, 21–26 years) completed an experimental session for each IRR configuration: IRR0 (without rest), IRR3 (3 seconds of rest), and SSIRR (self-selected rest [up to 5 seconds]). In each session, single sets to neuromuscular failure were performed at 3 relative loads (65% 1 repetition maximum [1RM], 75% 1RM, 85% 1RM) for BQ and BP exercises. Using the Estimated Repetitions to Failure scale, subjects estimated the RIR associated with a score of “5” and “2” (i.e., RIR-5 and RIR-2). The results revealed no interactions between the RIR estimation and IRR for BQ (RIR-5: p = 0.812; RIR-2: p = 0.084) or BP (RIR-5: p = 0.884; RIR-2: p = 0.944). Subjects provided valid estimations, with overestimation (BQ RIR-5: 0%; BQ RIR-2: 2.9%; BP RIR-5: 1.1%; BP RIR-2: 2.3%) or underestimation (BQ RIR-5: 14.9%; BQ RIR-2: 4%; BP RIR-5: 15.2% BP RIR-2: 8.2%) in few sets. In conclusion, the RIR estimation method seems valid, and the IRR (0–5 seconds) does not influence its validity at 65–85% 1RM loads nor proximities to neuromuscular failure (RIR-2, RIR-5).
Obtención y caracterización parcial de la proteína humana mutante α-sinucleína G51D y la producción de su anticuerpo policlonal
Authors: Rey Buitrago Mauricio , Gantiva Gantiva Mauricio 
Published: April 2024

La α-sinucleína (SNCA) es una proteína que participa en la formación de agregados, cuya presencia es distintiva para todas las α-sinucleinopatías y algunas adicciones. Las alteraciones en el gen que codifica la SNCA y en la síntesis de esta proteína han sido relacionadas con procesos de agregación que alteran su conformación y adquieren capacidad autoagregante, lo cual está relacionado con su presencia en las neuronas dopaminérgicas y podría ser un factor fisiopatológico significativo en la progresión de enfermedades. Una de las variantes génicas más comunes de la SNCA es la G51D, la cual podría ser un indicador anatomopatológico para enfermedades neuronales y adicciones de larga duración. En el presente estudio se exponen las técnicas de expresión, purificación y caracterización de la proteína recombinante SNCA G51D, además de ensayos de agregación. Así mismo, se detallan las circunstancias para la obtención del anticuerpo de tipo policlonal dirigido hacia la SNCA G51D. También se realizó la optimización para la clonación de esta variante, utilizando el vector pET30a, el cual nos brindó la mayor solubilidad in silico. La proteína recombinante permitió la obtención de un anticuerpo policlonal anti SNCA G51D, que se caracterizó parcialmente y podría ser una herramienta inmunológica significativa en la confirmación de la existencia de proteínas mutantes en muestras de interés.
Development and performance evaluation of a novel high-ductility fiber-reinforced lime-pozzolana matrix for textile reinforced mortar (TRM) masonry strengthening applications
Authors: Illampas Rogiros , Rigopoulos Ioannis , Ioannou Ioannis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses the development of a high ductility fiber reinforced lime mortar with deflection hardening behavior. In this study, polypropylene fibers have been incorporated in a cementless reference matrix comprising of Natural Hydraulic Lime, silica fume, siliceous aggregates and workability aid admixtures. The properties of the reference and fiber reinforced mortar compositions were assessed by means of standardized laboratory tests and scanning electron microscopy. The reference composition gave an average compressive strength of 12 MPa, rendering it suitable for structural applications. Fiber addition at a dosage of 0.76% by wt. of solids led to a reduction of the compressive strength; however, sufficient load bearing capacity was still achieved (8 MPa). More importantly, the fibers enabled the mortar to sustain useful load after damage initiation, improving post-peak ductility under compression and allowing the material to reach bending stresses up to 20% higher than the first-crack strength. To evaluate the practical application of the proposed materials, their use as matrices in textile reinforced mortar (TRM) strengthening systems was investigated through pilot applications on stone masonry. Diagonal compression tests were performed on 9 ashlar masonry wallettes, including both un-retrofitted and TRM-retrofitted specimens. Single-sided TRMs consisting of alkali resistant glass textiles embedded in either the reference or the fiber reinforced mortar were considered. Specimens retrofitted with TRM constructed using the fiber reinforced mortar, exhibited a remarkable ~ 270% increase in shear strength and > 50% higher deformation capacity, compared to un-retrofitted ones. The strength increment achieved with the reference mortar as the TRM matrix was 80%, with minimal impact on ductility. The TRM comprising the fiber reinforced mortar also showed superior performance in terms of ability to retain integrity at high levels of shear deformation. Overall, the results indicate that the use of fiber reinforced lime matrices in TRM systems applied to masonry substrates has the potential to substantially enhance mechanical performance under in-plane loading, even in cases where only single-sided retrofitting can be realized.
Wasatch Fault Structure from Machine Learning Arrival Times and High-Precision Earthquake Locations
Authors: Wells Daniel , Lomax Anthony , Baker Ben , Bartley John , Pankow Kris 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
On 18 March 2020, a magnitude 5.7 earthquake hit the Salt Lake valley in the state of Utah, United States. Using a dense geophone deployment and machine learning (ML), an additional several thousand events were detected and located. Currently, both the mainshock and the majority of the aftershocks are suspected to have occurred on or near a deeper portion of the Salt Lake segment of the Wasatch fault—part of a large range-bounding fault system thought to be capable of generating an Mw 7.2 earthquake. However, a small subset of aftershocks may have occurred on a portion of the more steeply, eastward dipping, and poorly understood West Valley fault. Unfortunately, the catalog locations and lack of focal mechanisms for this subset of aftershocks provide only a crude constraint on the true fault structure. To better illuminate fault structure, we relocate the ML-generated catalog with a range of magnitudes from −2 to 4.6, using: (1) NonLinLoc, a nonlinear location algorithm, (2) source-specific station terms, and (3) waveform coherence. We further compute first-motion focal mechanisms for 68 events. Results of the relocation suggest a simpler, minimally listric Wasatch fault geometry, contrary to what has been previously proposed. We also find that analysis of the focal mechanisms and waveform similarity indicates minimal event similarity throughout the Magna sequence, suggesting a highly complex and heterogeneous rupture zone, as opposed to rupture on a single plane. These findings suggest an increased seismic hazard due to the overall shallowness of the earthquake sequence and highly varied rupture mechanisms.
Seismic Magnitude Estimation Using Low-Frequency Strain Amplitudes Recorded by DAS Arrays at Far-Field Distances
Authors: Nayak Avinash , Correa Julia , Ajo-Franklin Jonathan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Downhole distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data are now routinely acquired on fiber-optic cables deployed in wells for seismic imaging and microseismic monitoring. We develop a semiempirical workflow for estimating scalar seismic moment and moment magnitude of earthquakes using strain data recorded by downhole DAS arrays. At far-field distances, the time integral of axial strain is proportional to the displacement scaled by apparent slowness. Therefore, seismic moment can be directly estimated from the amplitude of the low-frequency plateau of the strain spectra divided by frequency, similar to the methodology commonly employed for far-field displacement spectra. The effect of polarization on strain amplitudes for different types of body waves is accounted for. Benefitting from the large spatial coverage provided by DAS arrays, moment estimates from multiple channels are averaged and an average radiation coefficient is assumed over the focal sphere. We validate the methods using data of microseismic events simultaneously recorded by a surface geophone array and by DAS on fiber deployed in two horizontal wells during a hydraulic fracturing experiment. For 106 microseismic events in the magnitude range ∼ −0.65 to ∼ +0.55, we find the DAS-derived magnitudes to be consistent with the magnitudes derived from the geophone array using traditional methods, with ∼95% of the magnitude estimates differing by less than ∼0.26 units. The workflow can be potentially extended to DAS arrays in vertical wells and to S waves recorded on dark fiber DAS arrays at the surface. This methodology does not require any calibration beyond knowledge of local seismic properties, and the use of the lowest possible frequencies reduces the influence of subsurface heterogeneities and the finite spatiotemporal extent of earthquake ruptures. The capacity to estimate robust seismic magnitudes from downhole DAS arrays allows improved evaluation and management of fracture growth and more effective mitigation of induced seismicity.
Relapse Correction with Removable Orthodontic
Authors: Wardana Puspitarini Nindya , Zulfikar Trinadya Muhammad 
Published: April 2024

Relapse is when the teeth return to the position before orthodontic treatment. The small gaps between teeth often occur due to relapse conditions. A removable appliance is an orthodontic appliance that the patient can remove and insert themselves. This aims to report a relapse case treated using removable orthodontics. The case, A 26-year-old female patient complained of upper front teeth being gapped and lower front teeth being crowded. Previous dental history showed that the teeth had been treated with a fixed orthodontic appliance one year ago with premolar extraction. The patient did not use a retainer. The removable orthodontic appliance used was an active plate that retracted the maxillary anterior teeth using a labial bow. Orthodontic relapse can occur due to incomplete remodelling. Retraction using a labial bow can close the anterior teeth palatally. Active plates can be used as an alternative treatment in mild cases of relapse after fixed orthodontic treatment
Shadows in the Shape of Swan Lake
Authors: DeBellis Juliana 
Published: April 2024

Swan Lake, with its rich history of productions and iconic place in culture, is easily one of the most famous ballets of all time. Each new reimagination of the popular story situates itself uniquely as a form of artistic commentary and reflection of the time and space in which it was created. Taking into consideration the historical context of the ballet as well as creative choices made in previous adaptations, I have choreographed and produced a short film adaptation of Swan Lake through the lens of authoritative censorship. The story of Swan Lake is inherently about freedom: Odette is trapped by both Rothbart’s curse and then later Siegfried’s betrayal of their love. My film follows Odette as she navigates a morally gray world in search of truth. She encounters the Swans, a censored version of the people she knows, as well as their puppeteer, a stranger who alternates between the roles of Siegfried and Rothbart. After being tossed about this ambiguous space, Odette eventually finds reality and truth, but not without serious repercussions. With this film, I speak to the voicelessness that artists and citizens experience during times of suppression of information and speech. Furthermore, this film asks the audience: who gets their voice heard in modern media, and how is that voice and its accompanying statements interpreted and used over time?
The Local Financial Impact of the Paycheck Protection Program: County Level Determinants
Authors: Singhal Divyanshi 
Published: April 2024

The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) was one of the key components of the government’s response to the economic fallout of COVID-19. Enacted on March 27, 2020, the program had ambitious goals that included keeping workers off the unemployment rolls, boosting consumer spending, and ensuring small business continuity during the shutdown. Nonetheless, empirical evidence on the success of PPP is mixed. In order to contribute to this literature, I examine the impact of PPP loans on unemployment and consumer spending at the county level. Congress amended the PPP in 2021 by passing the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues Act (Economic Aid Act), which was intended to provide additional support to many small businesses. Since most of the existing studies are limited to 2020, I study PPP loans disbursed in both 2020 (pre-Economic Aid Act) and 2021 (post-Economic Aid Act). My study addresses the following three economic questions:
i. Did the Paycheck Protection Program result in lower unemployment rates in participating counties?
ii. Did the Paycheck Protection Program stimulate consumer spending in participating counties?
iii. Was aid given in 2021 through the Economic Aid Act more effective than the initial 2020 Paycheck Protection Program?
Through pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) and fixed effects regressions, I find that the counties that received PPP loans experienced a decrease in unemployment rates and an increase in consumer spending. Additionally, my analysis indicates increased effectiveness of the PPP loans in 2021 relative to 2020. Overall, my analysis indicates that the PPP achieved its objectives.