bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spectrum of Hematologic Malignancies Involving the Pancreas
Authors: Rock Jonathan , Bloomston Mark , Lozanski Gerard , Frankel Wendy L. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Hematologic malignancies often involve the pancreas, causing potential diagnostic pitfalls and, rarely, potentially avoidable surgical resection. We review the spectrum of hematologic malignancies involving the pancreas and describe features useful in preoperative distinction from adenocarcinoma.
Archived clinical, pathologic, and radiologic data (1965 to present) for hematologic malignancies involving the pancreas were reviewed and compared with the data for 157 surgically resected pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Of 42 cases, 27 (64%) were clinically “suspicious” for hematologic malignancies. Of the remaining 15 cases, 4 patients underwent resection for presumed pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Isolated pancreatic masses proved most difficult to identify clinically. Significant factors in distinguishing hematologic malignancies from adenocarcinoma included history of hematologic malignancy, young age, large tumor size, low CA19-9 level, B symptoms, and lack of jaundice or diabetes mellitus.
Various hematologic malignancies involve the pancreas, most commonly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Pancreatic masses are usually correctly identified clinically. Preoperative and operative sampling is strongly recommended when hematologic malignancies cannot be excluded.
Validation of an Immunoassay for Soluble Klotho Protein
Authors: Devaraj Sridevi , Syed Basir , Chien Alexander , Jialal Ishwarlal 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The Klotho gene has been identified as an aging suppressor gene that encodes a transmembrane protein, which is expressed primarily in renal tubules. There are 2 forms of Klotho, membrane and secreted. However, there is a paucity of data on levels of soluble Klotho in diseases like diabetes and kidney disease. We validated an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Klotho and quantitated Klotho levels separately in patients with diabetes and also in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
The Klotho assay showed good precision and was linear down to 19 ng/mL. There were no significant effects on Klotho levels with the addition of common interferents such as ascorbate, triglycerides, or hemolysis; only bilirubin (250 mg/L) significantly reduced Klotho levels (P &lt; .05). There was a significant reduction in Klotho levels in samples with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of 6.5% or more compared with control samples (HbA1c &lt; 6.5%; P &lt; .001). We also documented significantly higher levels of Klotho with CKD. Thus, we validated an assay for Klotho and made the novel observation that levels are decreased in diabetes and increased in CKD.
Atypia of Undetermined Significance and Nondiagnostic Rates in The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology Are Inversely Related
Authors: VanderLaan Paul A. , Renshaw Andrew A. , Krane Jeffrey F. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThere is substantial variation in the reported rates of different diagnostic categories in The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBS). Specifically, the relationship between the nondiagnostic (ND) and atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) categories has not been closely examined previously. Data from published series in the literature and from 2 separate hospitals with more than 15,000 thyroid aspirates were reviewed. The AUS and ND rates were consistently negatively correlated when analyzed by year, aspirator, and cytologist. The strongest correlation was with cytologists (P &lt; .0003). Absolute ND rates decreased by 1% for every 3.5% increase in AUS, implying the existence of a discrete population of cases that cytologists will classify as ND or AUS. As such, AUS and ND are not independent variables. Awareness of this relationship may be useful for laboratories and individual cytopathologists for refining the use of TBS.
An Evaluation of the Use of Oral Bisphosphonates and Risk of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Haber Stacy L , McNatty Danny 
Published: February 2012

Objective: To evaluate the use of oral bisphosphonates and risk of esophageal cancer. Data Sources: MEDLINE (1948–October 2011) was searched using the terms esophageal cancer, esophageal carcinoma, bisphosphonate, bisphosphonates, etidronate, Pamidronate, alendronate, tiludronate, risedronate, zoledronic acid, and ibandronate. Citations from relevant publications were reviewed for additional information. Study Selection and Data Extraction: A comprehensive review of the available literature was performed. Data Synthesis: Two summaries of case reports and 3 observational studies were retrieved and reviewed. Oral bisphosphonates can cause esophageal irritation; therefore, it is biologically plausible that they may increase the risk of esophageal cancer. Although many cases were reported, causality was difficult to determine due to their weak methodology, and subsequent evaluations from national registers did not support an increased risk. Of the 3 observational studies (1 in patients with Barrett's esophagus and 2 using the same patient database), only 1 found an increased risk with use of daily or weekly regimens, and significant limitations were noted in each. Conclusions: Evidence on the use of bisphosphonates and risk of esophageal cancer is weak and conflicting. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate this issue and formulate stronger conclusions, in the meantime, health care professionals should ensure that patients take oral bisphosphonates properly to minimize esophageal irritation, are prescribed regimens that minimize exposure if adherence is difficult, and are evaluated for discontinuation of the drugs if appropriate. For patients at increased risk of esophageal cancer for other health reasons, nonoral bisphosphonates may be considered.
Kinetics of palladium particles on LiNbO3: an origin of the polarization-dependent catalysis
Authors: Kim Seungchul , Schoenberg Michael Rutenberg , Rappe Andrew M. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTUsing ab-initio calculations and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that the deposition geometries of palladium are strongly dependent on the polarization direction of the LiNbO3 substrate. Different stoichiometries and atomic structures of the positively and the negatively polarized substrates cause substantially different bonding configurations of palladium and energy barriers for the movement of Pd clusters. Our simulations predict that palladium atoms form bulky clusters on the positive surface, while they are deposited in a dispersed or planar manner on the negative surface at moderate temperature. We suggest that Inoue and coworkers’ observation [J. Phys. Chem.88, 1148 (1984)] that the catalytic activity of palladium depends on polarization direction of LiNbO3 substrate is, at least in part, due to differences in the geometric structures of palladium and the LiNbO3 surface.
The Vibrational Properties of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Based on Molecular dynamics Simulations
Authors: Adiga Shashishekar P. , Adiga Vivekananda P. , Carpick Robert W. , Brenner Donald W. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTWe investigate the vibrational properties of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) using molecular dynamics simulations. We compare the vibrational spectra of two UNCD models of average grain size 2 and 4 nm with single crystal diamond and an isolated nanodiamond (ND) particle. The vibrational spectra of the ND particle and UNCD models exhibit the effect of phonon confinement as well as undercoordinated atoms at the surface/interfaces. This is further reflected in the specific heat of UNCD models and the ND particle that showed enhancements over that of single crystal diamond. The excess specific heat in UNCD models in comparison to single crystal diamond is found to be maximum at approximately 350 K.
Onset of size effects in lattice thermal conductivity and lifetime of low-frequency thermal phonons
Authors: Maznev A.A. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe onset of size effects in phonon-mediated thermal transport along a thin film at temperatures comparable or greater than the Debye temperature is analyzed theoretically. Assuming a quadratic frequency dependence of phonon relaxation rates in the low-frequency limit, a simple closed-form formula for the reduction of the in-plane thermal conductivity of thin films is derived. The effect scales as the square root of the film thickness, which leads to the prediction of measurable size-effects even at “macroscopic” distances ~100 μm. However, this prediction needs to be corrected to account for the deviation from the ω−2dependence of phonon lifetimes at sub-THz frequencies due to the transition from Landau-Rumer to Akhiezer mechanism of phonon dissipation.
Distribution of Additives in Single-Modified TiO2
Authors: Gleń Marta A. , Grzmil Barbara U. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn the present work the influence of different modifiers, calculated to B2O3, CeO2, Sb2O3, ZnO, and ZrO2, on their distribution in TiO2 is investigated. The phase composition and phase transformation of prepared rutile-TiO2 is determined by the selective leaching method, ICP-AES, XRD and FT-IR techniques. The addition of Sb2O3 to TiO2 has no influence on the anatase–rutile phase transformation, CeO2 and ZrO2 act as inhibitors of the TiO2 phase transformation and the addition of ZnO or B2O3 to TiO2 accelerates rutile formation. It is observed that boron is located in TiO2 in the form of soluble B2O3, zinc partly reacts with titanium forming co-phase TiZn2O4 and antimony addition to TiO2 presumably causing the formation of a co-phase of Sb with Ti. Cerium forms a separate phase, CeO2, and reacts partly with titanium, probably creating co-phase, CexTi(1-x)O2 (for example Ce0.8Ti0.2O2). Zirconium addition in TiO2 forms separate ZrO2 phase and solid solution of Zr with Ti.
Sheet moulding compounds with improved mechanical properties
Authors: Nicolau V. , Bertoneri N. , Scarello J. , Estenoz D. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThis work studies the synthesis of styrene copolymers obtained from the reaction between isophthalic unsaturated polyester resins and styrene with the aim of improving the mechanical properties of sheet moulding compounds (SMC), specifically their flexibility and impact resistance.The experimental work involves the experimental design; the SMC synthesis with different concentrations of 4 additives (methylmethacrylate; diethylenglycol, dioctilphthalate, and a commercial flexible resin); and the mechanical characterization including measurements of load-deflection curves; flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM) and impact resistance (IR).
Steel-Magnesium Laminated Composites by Infiltration
Authors: Çetin Arda , Krebs Jérôme , Durussel Alexandre , Rossoll Andreas , Inoue Junya , Nambu Shoichi , Koseki Toshihiko , Mortensen Andreas 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTSteel–magnesium alloy laminated composites can be produced by gas-driven pressure infiltration of a molten magnesium alloy between layers of stacked steel sheets followed by directional solidification of the infiltrated magnesium alloy. A key step in the process is ensuring adequate separation and alignment of the steel sheets during the process; this is achieved by introducing small dimples in the steel sheets to hold them apart during infiltration. Advantages of the process are its speed, the defect-free composites it produces, and the fact that, unlike roll-bonded composites, the steel in the composite is in an annealed condition. The ultimate tensile strength of the as-cast laminates, of 260 MPa, obeys the rule of mixtures. The uniform tensile elongation, of around 20%, makes the infiltrated laminates nearly as ductile as the bulk steel it contains, implying that the magnesium alloy in the as-cast laminates has a substantially increased tensile ductility in comparison to the bulk state in a metallurgically equivalent condition.
Transarterial Chemoembolization Plus Sorafenib: A Sequential Therapeutic Scheme for HCV-Related Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sansonno Domenico , Lauletta Gianfranco , Russi Sabino , Conteduca Vincenza , Sansonno Loredana , Dammacco Franco 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground.Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major problem after surgical or ablative treatments. The aim of this prospective, single-center, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical study was to evaluate the effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with sorafenib as a sequential treatment regimen in delaying time to progression (TTP) of intermediate-stage HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.Material and Methods.Between October, 2007 and January, 2011, 80 HCV-infected patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B HCC underwent the TACE procedure. All had Child-Pugh class A disease. They were randomized 1:1 to receive sorafenib at a dose of 400 mg twice daily or placebo. Endpoints were the TTP and the rates of adverse events and toxicity.Results.Sixty-two of 80 patients (77%), 31 in the sorafenib group and 31 in the control group, completed the study. The median TTP was 9.2 months in the sorafenib group and 4.9 months in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.66–7.56; p &lt; .001). Metachronous, multicentric HCC progression occurred less frequently in sorafenib-treated patients (p &lt; .05). Adverse reactions to sorafenib caused withdrawal from the study of 9 (22%) patients.Conclusion.A conventional TACE procedure followed by sorafenib treatment resulted in a significantly longer TTP in patients with intermediate-stage HCV-related HCC, with no unexpected side effects.
Type 2 Diabetes Science and American Indian/Alaska Native Culture: Creating a National K–12 Curriculum Prevention Strategy for Native Youth
Authors: Francis Carolee Dodge , Chino Michelle 
Published: February 2012

In Brief
Preventing and reducing the onset of type 2 diabetes among American Indian/Alaska Native youth requires educational strategies to affect knowledge, attitudes, and cognitive decision-making skills. In an unparalleled effort to address the growing epidemic of type 2 diabetes in tribal communities, eight tribal colleges and three federal agencies collaborated to develop and implement a kindergarten-through-twelfth-grade (K–12) Diabetes Education in Tribal Schools curriculum. This article outlines the scientific and cultural development of a comprehensive K–12 science curriculum as a targeted health prevention strategy.
The Kidney as a Treatment Target for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Dokken Betsy 
Published: February 2012

AbstractType 2 diabetes is a complex and progressive disease that affects 8.3% of the U.S. population. Despite the availability of numerous treatment options for type 2 diabetes, the proportion of patients achieving glycemic goals is unacceptably low; therefore, new pharmacotherapies are needed to promote glycemic control in these patients.The kidney normally reabsorbs 99% of filtered glucose and returns it to the circulation. Glucose reabsorption by the kidney is mediated by sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs), mainly SGLT2. SGLT2 inhibition presents an additional option to promote glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. A number of SGLT2 inhibitors have been synthesized and are in various stages of clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Results from clinical trials show that these compounds decrease plasma glucose and body weight in treatment-naive patients and in patients receiving metformin or insulin and insulin sensitizers. Overall, SGLT2 inhibitors appear to be generally well tolerated, but in some studies, signs, symptoms, and other reports of genital and urinary tract infections have been more frequent in drug-treated groups than in placebo groups.Additional clinical trials will determine whether this class of compounds with a unique, insulin-independent mechanism of action becomes a treatment option for reducing hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Influence of Post-cure Time on the Microhardness of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements Inside the Root Canal
Authors: Baena E , Fuentes MV , Garrido MA , Rodríguez J , Ceballos L 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARY

Purpose
To compare the microhardness of several dual-cure, self-adhesive resin cements used to lute fiber posts at 24 hours and seven days after cementation.

Methods
Bovine incisors were selected to lute 15 fiber posts that were 12 mm long (FRC Postec Plus size 3, Ivoclar-Vivadent). Five resin cements were tested: Multilink Automix (Ivoclar-Vivadent), without light-curing, and the self-adhesive resin cements Maxcem Elite (Kerr), RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE), G-Cem (GC), and Smartcem 2 (Dentsply), which were light-cured for 40 seconds (LED Bluephase, Ivoclar-Vivadent). Each root was embedded in chemically cured acrylic resin and stored at 37°C for 24 hours. The roots were transversally sectioned into nine specimens that were each 1 mm thick, with three specimens corresponding to each root third. Indentations (100g, 30 seconds) were performed on each section in the resin cement, at 24 hours and seven days after cementation, using a Vickers digital microdurometer (Buehler). Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance, Student-Newman-Keuls test, and paired t-test (p&lt;0.05).

Results
A significant influence was found (p&lt;0.05) for the resin cement evaluated, the root third, and their interactions on microhardness values at 24 hours and seven days after post cementation. RelyX Unicem and G-Cem exhibited the highest microhardness values, whereas Multilink Automix presented the lowest. All resin cements suffered a decrease in microhardness according to root canal depth, with the exception of G-Cem and Multilink Automix at 24 hours and Smartcem 2 after seven days. After seven days, the evaluated resin cements showed a significant increase in microhardness values, with the exception of Maxcem Elite and Smartcem 2 at the coronal third.

Conclusions
Microhardness of the self-adhesive resin cements when used to lute fiber posts was material-dependent and higher values were obtained in the coronal third, revealing their sensitivity to light irradiation. More information regarding the polymerization reaction of these cements is warranted. According to the current results, microhardness values were significantly higher one week after post luting.
Effect of Light Activation on Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Shear Bond Strength
Authors: Lawson NC , Cakir D , Beck P , Ramp L , Burgess JO 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARY

Objective
Recent studies confirmed that resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGIs) set on the basis of two competing mechanisms, an acid-base reaction and a light-activated resin polymerization. This study evaluated the effect of the setting mechanism on bond strength by measuring the shear bond strength of three RMGIs to dentin with and without light activation.

Methods
Sixty human molars were ground to midcoronal dentin and randomly divided into six even groups: 1) Ketac Nano (KN), 2) KN without light cure (woLC), 3) Fuji Filling LC (FF), 4) FF woLC, 5) Fuji II LC (FII), and 6) FII woLC. The dentin surfaces of the specimens were conditioned/primed according to the manufacturers' instructions. A 1.54-mm diameter plastic tube was filled with RMGI material and affixed to the dentin surface. Groups 1, 3, and 5 were light cured for 20 seconds, and groups 2, 4, and 6 were immediately placed in a damp dark box with no light curing at 37°C for 24 hours. Shear bond strength testing was performed in an Instron device at 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey/Kramer test (α=0.05).

Results
Mean ± standard deviation shear bond strength values (MPa) are: 7.1 ± 4.2 (KN), 11.7 ± 3.9 (FF), 10.2 ± 3.2 (FF woLC), 12.5 ± 5.1 (FII), and 0.3 ± 0.4 (FII woLC). Two KN, all KN woLC, and seven FII woLC specimens debonded before testing. Tukey/Kramer analysis revealed no significant differences in bond strength between the three light-cured RMGIs. KN and FII showed significantly lower bond strength without light cure, but no significant difference was observed between FF and FF woLC.

Conclusions
The results of this study strongly suggest that light activation is necessary to obtain optimal bond strength between RMGI and dentin. FF may contain components that chemically activate resin polymerization. Clinically, KN and FII need to be light cured after placement of these RMGIs.
Influence of Matrix Metalloproteinase Synthetic Inhibitors on Dentin Microtensile Bond Strength of Resin Cements
Authors: Stape THS , Menezes MS , Barreto BCF , Aguiar FHB , Martins LR , Quagliatto PS 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARY
This study evaluated the effect of dentin pretreatment with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) or 24% ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid gel (EDTA) on the dentin microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of resin cements. Composite blocks were luted to superficial noncarious human dentin (n=10) using two resin cements (RelyX ARC [ARC] and RelyX U100 [U100]) and three dentin pretreatments (without pretreatment–control, CHX, and EDTA). CHX was applied for 60 seconds on the acid-etched dentin in the ARC/CHX group, and for the same time on smear layer-covered dentin in the U100/CHX group. EDTA was applied for 45 seconds on smear-covered dentin in the U100/EDTA group, and it replaced phosphoric acid conditioning in the ARC/EDTA group for 60 seconds. After storage in water for 24 hours, specimens were prepared for microtensile bond strength testing. The results were submitted to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test. ARC produced significantly higher μTBS (p&lt;0.05) compared to the U100, except when EDTA was used. For ARC, no pretreatment and CHX produced higher μTBS than EDTA. For U100, EDTA produced higher μTBS; no statistical difference occurred between CHX pretreatment and when no pretreatment was performed. While CHX did not affect immediate dentin bond strength of both cements, EDTA improved bond strength of U100, but it reduced dentin bond strength of ARC.
Minimally Invasive Intervention in a Case of a Noncarious Lesion and Severe Loss of Tooth Structure
Authors: Reston EG , Corba VD , Broliato G , Saldini BP , Busato AL Stefanello 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARY
The present article describes a minimally invasive technique used for the restoration of loss of tooth structure caused by erosion of intrinsic etiology. First, the cause of erosion was treated and controlled. Subsequently, taking into consideration patient characteristics, especially a young age, a more conservative technique was chosen for dental rehabilitation with the use of composite resin. The advantages and disadvantages of the technique employed are discussed.
Subclinical tumor lysis-like syndrome during treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with low-dose intermittent liposomal amphotericin B
Authors: Georgiadou Sarah , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios , Sipsas Nikolaos 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
We retrospectively evaluated the rate of renal dysfunction during treatment with liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) (3–4 mg/kg, for 7–10 days) in nine consecutive patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). During the first week of treatment, 5 patients (56%) experienced transient deterioration of renal function, with a rise in serum creatinine to 1.27–2.44 times the baseline level, and a parallel elevation of uric acid levels without other metabolic or electrolyte disturbances. Serum renal function parameters were restored to normal levels after the completion of therapy, on day 21. These 5 patients had presented with prolonged fever and/or significant spleen enlargement, reflecting high parasite load. This observation suggests that treatment of VL with intermittent L-AmB causes a subclinical tumor lysis-like syndrome, especially in patients with high parasite load.