bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the mechanical properties of hydrogels enhanced by acryloyl‐functionalized polyethyleneimine cross‐links
Authors: Lv Hongming , Cao Haoran , Xu Min , Miao Junrui , Hu Xiaosai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAppropriate mechanical properties is one of the prerequisites for the applications of hydrogels, where cross‐linker is a crucial component in manipulating such mechanical property. Herein, acryloyl‐functionalized polyethyleneimine (APEI) was innovatively used as novel functional cross‐links to optimize the mechanical properties of polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels. APEI cross‐links were synthesized by simply adding acryloyl chloride into polyethyleneimine in aqueous solution. The chemical structures of APEI were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. APEI possessed massive highly acryloyl functional groups that can serve as multifunctional cross‐linking centers for the polymerization of monomers via covalent bonding interactions. These covalent bonds are favorable for constructing a firm 3D cross‐linked networks for hydrogels to withstand deformations, endowing hydrogels with the improved mechanical properties. The tensile strength with an elongation at break for the hydrogels can reach 234 kPa and 18.4‐fold, respectively. In addition, even the hydrogels can bear cyclic mechanical loads and deformations for 50 cycles at 5‐fold stain, indicating a good fatigue resistance. The deformability of APEI cross‐links clusters under stretching was responsible for the stretchability of PAM/APEI hydrogels. This work provides a simple strategy to enhance the mechanical properties of hydrogels via the development of novel APEI chemical cross‐linker.
The futuristic applications of transition metal dichalcogenides for cancer therapy
Authors: Nandy Shouvik Kumar , Das Sattwik , Pandey Sadanand , Kalita Pallab , Gupta Manoj K. , Kabra Atul , Wadhwa Pankaj , Kumar Deepak 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe second‐most common cause of death resulting from genetic mutations in DNA sequences is cancer. The difficulty in the field of anticancer research is the application of the traditional methods, which also affects normal cells. Mutations, genetic replication alterations, and chromosomal abnormalities have a direct impact on the effectiveness of anticancer drugs at different stages. Presently, therapeutic techniques utilize nanotechnology, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), and robotics. TMDCs are being increasingly employed in tumor therapy and biosensing applications due to their biocompatibility, adjustable bandgap, versatile functionality, exceptional photoelectric properties, and wide range of applications. This study reports the advancement of nanoplatforms based on TMDCs that are specifically engineered for responsive and intelligent cancer therapy. This article offers a thorough examination of the current challenges, future possibilities for theranostic applications using TMDCs, and recent progress in employing TMDCs for cancer therapy. Currently, there is significant interest in two‐dimensional (2D) TMDCs nanomaterials as ultrathin unique physicochemical properties. These materials have attracted attention in various fields, including biomedicine. Due to their inherent ability to absorb near‐infrared light and their exceptionally large surface area, significant efforts are being made to prepare multifunctional nanoplatforms based on 2D TMDCs.
Thickening tissue by thinning electrospun scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue engineering
Authors: Wang Shuo , Wang Xinhuan , Jia Minxuan , Liu Wenli , Gu Qi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrospun scaffolds with aligned fiber orientation are widely used in tissue engineering, such as muscle, heart, nerve, tendon, and cartilage, due to their ability to guide cell morphology and induce cellular functions. However, the dense fibrous structure of the scaffolds poses a critical obstacle to engineering highly cellular and thick 3D tissues, as it prevents cell infiltration. While many techniques have been developed to increase the pore size of electrospun scaffolds and improve cell infiltration/migration, it often leads to a decrease in direct cell‐cell contact, compromising cell differentiation and tissue maturation. This study presents an alternative approach by reducing the thickness of scaffolds to the cellular scale and stacking or rolling the cell‐scaffold complex into 3D constructs. We devise a series of novel tools to fabricate, characterize, and manipulate ultra‐thin electrospun scaffolds, which demonstrate high reproducibility, resolution, and cellularity. Our study provides a solution to the cell infiltration issue in muscle tissue engineering and is highly versatile, and can be applied to various fields that require structures with high‐resolution gradients in a layered pattern or complex spatial distribution in a rolled pattern.
The relationship between intraoperative hypothermia and postoperative delirium: The PNDRFAP study
Authors: Wang Jiahan , Zhu Lei , Li Chuan , Lin Yanan , Wang Bin , Lin Xu , Bi Yanlin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveOur study aimed to investigate the correlation between intraoperative hypothermia and postoperative delirium (POD) in patients undergoing general anesthesia for gastrointestinal surgery.MethodsThe study comprised 750 participants from the Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder Risk Factor and Prognosis (PNDRFAP) study database, which ultimately screened 510 individuals in the final analysis. Preoperative cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). The occurrence of POD was determined using the Confusion Assessment Method, and the severity of POD was evaluated using the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale. Logistic regression was employed to scrutinize the association between intraoperative hypothermia and the incidence of POD, and the sensitivity analysis was conducted by introducing adjusted confounding variables. Decision curves and a nomogram model were utilized to assess the predictive efficacy of intraoperative hypothermia for POD. Mediation analysis involving 10,000 bootstrapped iterations was employed to appraise the suggested mediating effect of numeric rating scale (NRS) scores at 24 and 48 h post‐surgeries. The receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of intraoperative hypothermia in predicting POD.ResultsIn the PNDRFAP study, the occurrence of POD was notably higher in the intraoperative hypothermia group (62.2%) compared to the intraoperative normal body temperature group (9.8%), with an overall POD incidence of 17.6%. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for various confounding factors (age [40–90], gender, education, MMSE, smoking history, drinking history, hypertension, diabetes, and the presence of cardiovascular heart disease), demonstrated that intraoperative hypothermia significantly increased the risk of POD (OR = 4.879, 95% CI = 3.020–7.882, p < .001). Mediation analyses revealed that the relationship between intraoperative hypothermia and POD was partially mediated by NRS 24 h after surgery, accounting for 14.09% of the association (p = .002). The area under the curve of the ROC curve was 0.685, which confirmed that intraoperative hypothermia could predict POD occurrence to a certain extent. Decision curve and nomogram analyses, conducted using the R package, further substantiated the predictive efficacy of intraoperative hypothermia on POD.ConclusionIntraoperative hypothermia may increase the risk of POD, and this association may be partially mediated by NRS scores 24 h after surgery.
White matter hyperintensity, parent artery steno‐occlusion, and neurological deterioration in anterior circulation single subcortical infarction patients
Authors: Luo Yunhe , Wang Daosheng , Jia Yiming , Gu Xin , Zang Yuhan , Zhu Zhengbao , Zheng Jin , Huang Ligang , Zhao Jing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe evidence for the association between white matter hyperintensity (WMH) severity and neurological deterioration (ND) in patients with single subcortical infarction (SSI) remains unclear and whether the association between them is modified by anterior circulation parent artery steno‐occlusion (PAS) is unknown. Herein, we aimed to prospectively investigate the internal relevance.MethodsIn this prospective study, the severity of WMH and PAS were assessed in 288 consecutive patients with anterior circulation SSI arriving at our hospital, a tertiary teaching hospital affiliated with Fudan University, 24 h after onset from January 2017 to December 2018. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between WMH severity and the risk of ND within 7 days after stroke onset as well as the interactive effect between WMH severity and PAS on ND among patients with SSI.ResultsPAS modified the association between WMH severity and ND among patients with SSI (pinteraction = .029). After multivariate adjustment, the odds ratios of moderate‐severe WMH associated with ND were 1.61 (95% CI, 0.50–5.19; ptrend = .428) for patients with PAS, and 0.37 (95% CI, 0.14–0.97; ptrend = .043) for those without PAS. Adding WMH severity to conventional risk factors improved risk prediction for ND in patients without PAS (net reclassification improvement: 48.2%, p = .005; integrated discrimination index: 2.5%, p = .004) but not in those with PAS.ConclusionThere was a modified effect of PAS on the association between WMH severity and ND within 7 days after stroke onset among patients with anterior circulation SSI, which deserves more research attention. WMH was negatively associated with ND in anterior circulation SSI patients without PAS.
The protective role of endothelial GLUT1 in ischemic stroke
Authors: Peng Qiwei , Zeng Weiqi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo provide thorough insight on the protective role of endothelial glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in ischemic stroke.MethodsWe comprehensively review the role of endothelial GLUT1 in ischemic stroke by narrating the findings concerning biological characteristics of GLUT1 in brain in depth, summarizing the changes of endothelial GLUT1 expression and activity during ischemic stroke, discussing how GLUT1 achieves its neuroprotective effect via maintaining endothelial function, and identifying some outstanding blind spots in current studies.ResultsEndothelial GLUT1 maintains persistent high glucose and energy requirements of the brain by transporting glucose through the blood–brain barrier, which preserves endothelial function and is beneficial to stroke prognosis.ConclusionThis review underscores the potential involvement of GLUT1 trafficking, activity modulation, and degradation, and we look forward to more clinical and animal studies to illuminate these mechanisms.
Gene mutation profiling in microsatellite instability colorectal cancer and its association with the efficacy of immunotherapy: A retrospective study
Authors: Liu Ying , Cui Kang , Ma Wang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMicrosatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H) colorectal cancer (CRC) is known for its heightened responsiveness to immunotherapy. However, establishing robust predictive markers for immunotherapy efficacy remains imperative. This retrospective study aimed to elucidate the genetic landscape of MSI‐H CRC and correlate these genetic alterations with immunotherapy outcomes in a cohort of 121 patients.MethodsWe analyzed clinical and molecular data from 121 patients with MSI‐H CRC. We conducted a thorough genetic analysis of MSI‐H CRC patients, with a specific emphasis on the APC, TP53, RAS, and MMR genes. We further analyzed the relationship between gene mutations and immunotherapy efficacy. The primary endpoints analyzed were objective response rate (ORR) and progression‐free survival (PFS). All statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS26.0 and R 4.2.0 software.ResultsOur findings underscored the complexity of the genetic landscape in MSI‐H CRC, shedding light on the intricate interplay of these genes in CRC development. Notably, mutations in MMR genes exhibited a distinctive pattern, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of MSI‐H. Furthermore, our results revealed correlations between specific genetic alterations and immunotherapy outcomes, with a particular focus on treatment response rates and progression‐free survival.ConclusionThis study represents a significant step toward unraveling the genetic nuances of MSI‐H CRC. The distinctive pattern of MMR gene mutations not only adds depth to our understanding of MSI‐H CRC but also hints at potential avenues for targeted therapies. This research sets the stage for future investigations aimed at refining therapeutic strategies and improving outcomes for patients with MSI‐H CRC.
Ethical considerations in the use of artificial intelligence in counselling and psychotherapy training: A student stakeholder perspective—A pilot study
Authors: Gore Stuart , Dove Emily 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study delves into the ethical considerations of artificial intelligence (AI) use in higher education, focusing on counselling and psychotherapy students' perspectives. Amidst growing interest in AI across educational sectors, this research aimed to highlight student views on the benefits, risks and ethical challenges posed by AI tools in their training.MethodsEmploying a qualitative approach, this scoping study gathered data from seven counselling and psychotherapy students through an online survey, which were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.FindingsFour main themes were constructed: (1) guidelines, (2) concerns about the use of AI with highly sensitive information, (3) acceptable and unacceptable uses, and (4) risk of AI compromising the quality of knowledge and practice.ConclusionThis research underscores the necessity for collaborative guideline development that addresses ethical AI use, the protection of sensitive information, and the delineation of AI's appropriate roles in education and practice. It advocates for ongoing discussion amongst educational institutions, professional bodies and students to create dynamic, ethical standards that evolve with AI advancements, ensuring technology enhances learning outcomes, upholds integrity and respects privacy.
Phytochemistry of Genus Buxus and Pharmacology of Cyclovirobuxine D
Authors: Li Sen , Yan Meng‐Qi , Wang Zhen‐Yue , Wang Zhi‐Bin , Kuang Hai‐Xue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground: Genus Buxus plants, commonly known as “boxwood”, are widely distributed in China. The stems, branches, and leaves of the plant are traditionally used for rheumatism, toothache, chest pain, abdominal gas, and other diseases. However, an overview of the genus Buxus remains to be provided. Purpose: To provide a scientific basis for the appropriate use and further research the recent advancements in the traditional usage, phytochemistry, and, pharmacology of Buxus. Study Design: Chemical composition and pharmacological correlation studies through a literature review. Methods: Between 1970 and 2023, the available data concerning Buxus was compiled from online scientific sources, such as Sci‐Finder, PubMed, CNKI, Google Scholar, and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Plant names were verified from “The Plant List” (http://www.theplantlist.org/). Results: To date, 266 structurally diverse chemicals have been extracted and identified from the genus Buxus. Alkaloids constitute one of its primary bioactive phytochemicals. A summary of the channels of action of Cyclovirobuxine D on the cytotoxicity of a variety of cancers has been provided. Conclusion: Numerous findings from contemporary phytochemical and pharmacological studies support the traditional use, facilitating its application. Further research is necessary to address various shortcomings, including the identification of the active ingredients and quality control of the genus Buxus.
Improving Hydrogen Release From Oxygen‐Functionalized LOHC Molecules by Ru Addition to Pt/C Catalysts
Authors: Maurer Lukas A. , Pham Chuyen v. , Fritsch Birk , Jeppesen Henrik S. , Etter Martin , Hutzler Andreas , Neder Reinhard B. , Wolf Moritz , Auer Franziska , Thiele Simon , Wasserscheid Peter 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBimetallic PtRu/C catalysts have been prepared by depositing Ru onto a commercial Pt/C catalyst and subsequent thermal annealing. Different Pt : Ru ratios of 1 : 1, 2 : 1, 4 : 1, 8 : 1, and 16 : 1 have been investigated with annealing temperatures of 350 and 500 °C. Using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction (SPXRD) combined with pair distribution function (PDF) analysis and scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrum imaging (STEM‐EDXS), we show that diffusion of Ru into the fcc crystal structure of the Pt nanoparticles takes place during thermal annealing. Partial segregation and the formation of Pt nanoclusters on the bimetallic surface was observed depending on the Pt : Ru ratio. The annealing process does not only cause a high Pt dispersion but also affects the electronic structure of the Pt surface by broadening the d‐band thus facilitating the product's desorption from the surface of the bimetallic particle. These beneficial effects have been exemplified for the catalytic dehydrogenation of dicyclohexylmethanol, a promising hydrogen carrier compound with 7.2 wt% hydrogen capacity. The most active catalyst material among the tested supported alloys and monometallic reference materials was Pt4Ru1/C after annealing at 500 °C, which increased the hydrogen release productivity by 65 % compared to the unmodified Pt/C catalyst.
Optimal withdrawal frequency for sustainable retirement withdrawals
Authors: Horan Stephen M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractResearchers have studied factors that influence the sustainability of retirement withdrawals (e.g., withdrawal rate, withdrawal rules, volatility, asset allocation, taxes, longevity) for 30 years. The frequency of withdrawal patterns (e.g., annual, quarterly, monthly) has escaped inquiry. This study uses Monte Carlo simulation to show that, despite intuitive reasons to believe that dividing retirement withdrawals into smaller amounts over more frequent intervals might control volatility or sequence of return risk, withdrawal frequency has no effect on retirement withdrawal sustainability. This result is robust to simulated markets characterized by: (1) a random walk, (2) simulated markets that are autocorrelated, (3) historical returns series randomly chosen from historical return records, and (4) historical returns in their original sequence. It also highlights factors (e.g., time in market, matching withdrawals to spending patterns, and maximizing optionality) that can enhance value or increase retiree utility.
A Mechanistic Spectrum of O−H Bond Cleavage Observed for Reactions of Phenols with a Manganese Superoxo Complex
Authors: Tian Yao‐Cheng , Zhang Peng , Lin Kuan‐Ting , Fu Chung‐Wei , Ye Shengfa , Lee Way‐Zen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractReaction of a rare and well‐characterized MnIII‐superoxo species, Mn(BDPBrP)(O2⋅) (1, H2BDPBrP=2,6‐bis((2‐(S)‐di(4‐bromo)phenylhydroxylmethyl‐1‐pyrrolidinyl)methyl)pyridine), with 4‐dimethylaminophenol at −80 °C proceeds via concerted proton electron transfer (CPET) to produce a MnIII‐hydroperoxo complex, Mn(BDPBrP)(OOH) (2), alongside 4‐dimethylaminophenoxy radical; whereas, upon treatment with 4‐nitrophenol, complex 1 undergoes a proton transfer process to afford a MnIV‐hydroperoxo complex, [Mn(BDPBrP)(OOH)]+ (3). Intriguingly, the reactions of 1 with 4‐chlorophenol and 4‐methoxyphenol follow two routes of CPET and sequential proton and electron transfer to furnish complex 2 in the end. UV‐vis and EPR spectroscopic studies coupled with DFT calculations provided support for this wide mechanistic spectrum of activating various phenol O−H bonds by a single MnIII‐superoxo complex, 1.
Cyanogel‐Induced Facile Synthesis of Palladium Hydride for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Liu Qicheng , Du Han , Li Zhijuan , Wang Caikang , Zeng Xin , Wang Ruotong , Liu Qinyi , Jiang Xian , Fu Gengtao , Tang Yawen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPalladium hydride (PdHx) is one of the well‐known electrocatalytic materials, yet its synthesis is still a challenge through an energy‐efficient and straightforward method. Herein, we propose a new and facile cyanogel‐assisted synthesis strategy for the preparation of PdH0.649 at a mild environment with NaBH4 as the hydrogen source. Unlike traditional inorganic Pd precursors, the unique Pd−CN−Pd bridge in Pdx[Pd(CN)4]y ⋅ aH2O cyanogel offers more favourable spatial sites for insertion of H atoms. The characteristic three‐dimensional backbone of cyanogel also acts as a support scaffold resulting in the interconnected network structure of PdH0.649. Due to the incorporation of H atoms and interconnected network structure, the PdH0.649 achieves a high half‐wave potential of 0.932 V, a high onset potential of 1.062 V, and a low activation energy, as well as a long‐term lifetime for oxygen reduction reaction. Theoretical calculation demonstrates a downshift of the d‐band centre of Pd in PdH0.649 owing to the dominant Pd−H incorporation that weakens the binding energies of the *OH intermediate species. Zn‐air batteries (ZAB) based on PdH0.649 exhibits high power density, competitive open circuit voltage, and good stability, exceeding that of commercial Pt black. This work not only opens up a new avenue for the development of high‐efficiency Pt‐free catalysts but also provides an original approach and insight into the synthesis of PdHx.
Upcycling of Agricultural Waste Stream to High‐Molecular‐Weight Bio‐based Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furanoate)
Authors: Niskanen Jukka , Mahlberg Riitta , van Strien Nicolaas , Rautiainen Sari , Kivilahti Essi , Koivuranta Kari , Anghelescu‐Hakala Adina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInvited for this issue's cover is the group of Dr. Adina Anghelescu‐Hakala at the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. The image shows that high‐molecular‐weight poly(ethylene 2,5‐furanoate) (PEF) polymer can be produced from furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) or its esters as bio‐based alternative to replace fossil‐based poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202301551.
Exploring Flower‐Structured Bifunctional VCu Layered Double Hydroxide and its Nanohybrid with g‐C3N4 for Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Lavate Sneha S. , Srivastava Rohit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeawater electrolysis holds great promise for sustainable green hydrogen generation, but its implementation is hindered by high energy consumption and electrode degradation. Two dimensional (2D) layered double hydroxide (LDH) exhibits remarkable stability, high catalytic activity, and excellent corrosion resistance in the harsh electrolytic environment. The synergistic effect between LDH and seawater ions enhances the oxygen evolution reaction, enabling efficient and sustainable green hydrogen generation. Here, we report a synthesis of low cost, novel 2D Vanadium Copper (VCu) LDH first time in the series of LDH's as a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst. The electrochemical (EC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) study of VCu LDH and VCu LDH/Graphite Carbon Nitride (g‐C3N4) nanohybrid was performed in 0.5 M H2SO4 (acidic), 1 M KOH (basic), 0.5 M NaCl (artificial seawater), 0.5 M NaCl+1 M KOH (artificial alkaline seawater), real seawater and 1 M KOH+real seawater (alkaline real seawater) electrolyte medium. It was found that VCu LDH shows a remarkable lower overpotential of 72 mV hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 254 mV oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at current density of 10 mA/cm2 under alkaline real seawater electrolysis exhibiting bifunctional activity and also showing better stability.