bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting psychophysical work on the quantitative and qualitative odour properties of simple odour mixtures: a flavour chemistry view. Part 2: qualitative aspects. A review.
Authors: Ferreira Vicente 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe different psychophysical studies carried out on the qualitative properties of simple and complex mixtures are reviewed. Many of the early studies conducted on binary mixtures have been reprocessed and compared by using similar representations and data treatments. Results confirm that the intensity ratio of the mixture constituents is the main driver of quality, so that the most intense compound tends to dominate the overall odour of the mixture. In contrast to what was previously thought, in most binary mixtures one of the components is more powerful than the other, dominating the overall odour of the mixture in a larger range of mixture compositions. In some but not all subsets of odorants, a clear hierarchy in their relative dominance has been observed. Pleasantness, complexity or freshness arise as major but not unique factors determining the order of dominance. Steven's coefficients could also have an influence, while polarity and temporal processing rates seem to have no influence. Competitive interactions at receptor level seem to play a limited role. In some aroma pairs, a small change in odour composition (26%) provokes the shift in odour dominance, while in others a 500% intensity change may be required for the shift. There is sound evidence that one or several odour descriptors of minor non‐dominant odour components can be detected in the odour of the mixture. In more complex mixtures, results support the fact that some odorants in specific odour backgrounds are detected more easily than others. The most frequent qualitative outcome of a complex mixture will be an average of the odour qualitative descriptors of the odour chemicals present in the mixture, except when the mixture contains within its constituents a series of odour chemicals at specific intensity ratios able to trigger a configurational recognition process ending with the recognition of a different odour object. Key challenges for the modelling of the aroma properties of complex systems are enunciated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Left ventricular diastolic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with myocardial triglyceride content but not with impaired myocardial perfusion reserve
Authors: Korosoglou Grigorios , Humpert Per M. , Ahrens Johannes , Oikonomou Dimitrios , Osman Nael F. , Gitsioudis Gitsios , Buss Sebastian J. , Steen Henning , Schnackenburg Bernhardt , Bierhaus Angelika , Nawroth Peter P. , Katus Hugo A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPurpose:To study myocardial perfusion reserve and myocellular metabolic alterations indicated by triglyceride content as possible causes of diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, preserved systolic function, and without clinically evident coronary artery disease.Materials and Methods:Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 42) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for quantification of 1) myocardial contractility by strain‐encoded MR (SENC); 2) myocardial triglyceride content by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS); and 3) myocardial perfusion reserve during pharmacologic hyperemia. Age‐matched healthy volunteers (n = 16) also underwent CMR to acquire normal values for myocardial strain and perfusion reserve.Results:Stress CMR procedures were successfully performed in all subjects, and no regional inducible perfusion defects were observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Diastolic strain rate and myocardial perfusion reserve were significantly impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to control subjects (P < 0.001 for both). Interestingly, impaired diastolic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus was not associated with impaired myocardial perfusion reserve (r = 0.12, P = NS). Conversely a significant association was observed between diastolic dysfunction and myocardial triglyceride content (r = −0.71, P < 0.001), which proved to be independent of age, gender, diabetes duration, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose.Conclusion:Myocardial steatosis may represent an early marker of diabetic heart disease, triggering subclinical myocardial dysfunction irrespective of myocardial perfusion reserve. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:804–811. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reducing the influence of b‐value selection on diffusion‐weighted imaging of the prostate: Evaluation of a revised monoexponential model within a clinical setting
Authors: Mazaheri Yousef , Vargas Hebert Alberto , Akin Oguz , Goldman Debra A. , Hricak Hedvig 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPurpose:To compare the accuracy of standard and revised monoexponential models of diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‐MRI) data for differentiating malignant from benign prostate tissue, using surgical pathology as the reference standard.Materials and Methods:The Institutional Review Board waived informed consent for this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)‐compliant, retrospective study of 46 patients (median age = 61 years; range: 42–85 years) who underwent DW‐MRI between May and December 2008 before radical prostatectomy for biopsy‐proven prostate cancer, had no prior treatment, and had whole‐mount step‐section pathology maps available showing at least one peripheral zone (PZ) lesion >0.1 cm3. DW‐MRI data were obtained for b‐values of 0, 400, and 700 s/mm2. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were estimated from PZ regions of interest (ROIs) on b = 0, 700 and b = 0, 400 s/mm2 images, using a standard monoexponential model. The true diffusion coefficient (D) and perfusion fraction (f) were measured using a revised monoexponential model incorporating all three b‐values. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were calculated to assess the accuracy of individual parameters and a logistic regression model combining D and f (D+f) in distinguishing malignant ROIs; P < 0.05 denoted significance.Results:ADC400 (AUC = 0.81, P < 0.0001), ADC700 (AUC = 0.79, P < 0.0001), D (AUC = 0.71, P = 0.0001) and D + f distinguished malignant from benign ROIs (AUC = 0.82, P < 0.0001), but f did not (AUC = 0.56, P = 0.28); D + f was significantly more accurate than D (P = 0.016) but not more accurate than ADC400 (P = 0.26) or ADC700 (P = 0.12).Conclusion:The true diffusion coefficient provides an additional DW‐MRI parameter for distinguishing prostate cancer that is less influenced than the ADC by b‐value selection. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;35:660‐668. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surveillance strategies for gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Grotz Travis E. , Donohue John H. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAlthough only 10–30% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are clinically malignant, all have some degree of malignant potential. The management of high risk patients should be evidence based. However, prospective data and a consensus for guidelines concerning the screening of asymptomatic high risk patients and surveillance following multidisciplinary treatment do not exist. This review provides an overview of GIST, with an emphasis on the available data regarding screening and surveillance of certain populations with GISTs. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:921–927. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermoreversible Networks by Diels–Alder Reaction of Cellulose Furoates With Bismaleimides
Authors: Ax Jennifer , Wenz Gerhard 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRemendable materials are synthesized by thermoreversible crosslinking of a cellulosic diene with a flexible bisdienophile by DA reaction. Hydroxyethylcellulose is esterified with both furoyl chloride and acetic anhydride, leading to a processible polymer with pending furane substituents. Crosslinking is achieved by heating with 1,6‐bis(N‐maleimido)hexane, thus initiating the DA reaction. Heating to higher temperatures gave rise to the back (retro‐DA) reaction, thus restituting the reactants. Consequently, temperature cycling triggers subsequent retro‐DA and DA reactions that allow self‐healing of these materials. The use of cellulose enables the construction of highly oriented specimens with high modulus and tensile strength. The introduction of flexible hexamethylene spacers avoids brittleness of the material.
Guidelines for good database selection and use in pharmacoepidemiology research
Authors: Hall Gillian C. , Sauer Brian , Bourke Alison , Brown Jeffrey S. , Reynolds Matthew W. , Casale Robert Lo 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe use of healthcare databases in research provides advantages such as increased speed, lower costs and limitation of some biases. However, database research has its own challenges as studies must be performed within the limitations of resources, which often are the product of complex healthcare systems. The primary purpose of this document is to assist in the selection and use of data resources in pharmacoepidemiology, highlighting potential limitations and recommending tested procedures. This guidance is presented as a detailed text with a checklist for quick reference and covers six areas: selection of a database, use of multiple data resources, extraction and analysis of the study population, privacy and security, quality and validation procedures and documentation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of mass spectrometric parameters on peptide and protein identification rates for shotgun proteomic experiments on an LTQ‐orbitrap mass analyzer
Authors: Kalli Anastasia , Hess Sonja 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe success of a shotgun proteomic experiment relies heavily on the performance and optimization of both the LC and the MS systems. Despite this, little consideration has, so far, been given to the importance of evaluating and optimizing the MS instrument settings during data‐dependent acquisition mode. Moreover, during data‐dependent acquisition, the users have to decide and choose among various MS parameters and settings, making a successful analysis even more challenging. We have systematically investigated and evaluated the effect of enabling and disabling the preview mode for FTMS scan, the number of microscans per MS/MS scan, the number of MS/MS events, the maximum ion injection time for MS/MS, and the automatic gain control target value for MS and MS/MS events on protein and peptide identification rates on an LTQ‐Orbitrap using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome. Our investigations aimed to assess the significance of each MS parameter to improve proteome analysis and coverage. We observed that higher identification rates were obtained at lower ion injection times i.e. 50–150 ms, by performing one microscan and 12–15 MS/MS events. In terms of ion population, optimal automatic gain control target values were at 5×105–1×106 ions for MS and 3×103–1×104 ions for MS/MS. The preview mode scan had a minimal effect on identification rates. Using optimized MS settings, we identified 1038 (±2.3%) protein groups with a minimum of two peptide identifications and an estimated false discovery rate of ∼1% at both peptide and protein level in a 160‐min LC‐MS/MS analysis.
Identification of an attractant for the nine‐banded armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus
Authors: Ober Holly K. , Degroote Lucas W. , Mcdonough Colleen M. , Mizell Russell F. , Mankin Richard W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) is considered by many to be one of the greatest nuisance wildlife species in the Southeastern United States. Management is difficult because no repellents, toxicants, or fumigants are currently registered for this species; exclusion is laborious because armadillos are adept burrowers; and no effective trapping attractants have been identified. If a suitable lure were discovered, trap capture success could increase and the frequency of nuisance complaints could decrease. We compared the behavioral attractiveness to captive armadillos of 15 commercially available food materials, as well as scents collected from conspecifics, in Florida, USA, 2008–2009. According to 3 distinct behavioral measures, 4 materials consistently elicited the most attraction responses from armadillos: pond worms (Lumbricus terrestris), crickets (Acheta domesticus), red worms (Eisenia fetida), and wigglers (Pheretima hawayanus). Recognizing that all of these materials were live prey, we devised a second series of experiments to evaluate the relative importance of olfactory cues versus auditory–vibrational cues in evoking a response from armadillos. Results suggested auditory–vibrational cues were meaningful. Finally, we measured sound pressure and vibration levels produced by the most preferred and less preferred prey items. Sound and vibrational cues decreased rapidly below background noise levels within 10–30 cm from baits. Because of this, and because the perceptual range of armadillos to the olfactory cues from these baits appears limited, traps baited with any worm or cricket are unlikely to lure armadillos from great distances. Development of an effective baiting system will require further investigation into the possibility of enhancing the ability of stimuli to travel over long distances. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Opinions on management implications
Authors: Guthery Fred S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe management implications (MI) section of articles in The Journal of Wildlife Management (JWM) and Wildlife Society Bulletin (WSB) is meant to relay transparent, applicable information from researchers to managers. I questioned whether this goal was being met because inspection of paper titles in these journals showed many studies do not address management topics. Accordingly, I developed a classification scheme for statements in the MI section and analyzed the nature and content of randomly selected MI sections (n = 80) in Volume 72 (2008) of JWM. Management implications (deductions or inductions) made up 5.5 ± 1% standard error of statements in the sample (n = 562 statements). Accordingly, >90% of the statements in the sample of MI sections were not MIs. The MI heading does not inform readers of section content. I recommend a more flexible heading (e.g., Implications, Research Needs, Recommendations, Conclusions) or elimination of the section because salient material usually appears in other sections of a paper anyway. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Testing for differences in beta diversity from plot‐to‐plot dissimilarities
Authors: Bacaro Giovanni , Gioria Margherita , Ricotta Carlo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe central role of beta diversity in describing biodiversity patterns has been investigated in many fields of ecology and biogeography. While a variety of measures of beta diversity have been proposed over the past five decades, the question of how to test for differences in beta diversity among different sets of sampling plots has been addressed only rarely. Here, we describe a simple analytical procedure to test for differences in beta diversity among distinct sets of plots. The advantage of this approach compared to methods that have been previously proposed lies in its randomization procedure. Such a procedure creates a distribution of null values of the test statistic that is compatible with the null hypothesis of no significant difference in multivariate dispersion between the groups. The proposed test was illustrated using a large dataset of plant and water beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages collected from 45 farmland ponds in Ireland.
Responses in digestion, rumen fermentation and microbial populations to inhibition of methane formation by a halogenated methane analogue
Authors: Mitsumori Makoto , Shinkai Takumi , Takenaka Akio , Enishi Osamu , Higuchi Koji , Kobayashi Yosuke , Nonaka Itoko , Asanuma Narito , Denman Stuart E. , McSweeney Christopher S. 
Published: November 2011

The effects of the anti-methanogenic compound, bromochloromethane (BCM), on rumen microbial fermentation and ecology were examinedin vivo. Japanese goats were fed a diet of 50 % Timothy grass and 50 % concentrate and then sequentially adapted to low, mid and high doses of BCM. The goats were placed into the respiration chambers for analysis of rumen microbial function and methane and H2production. The levels of methane production were reduced by 5, 71 and 91 %, and H2production was estimated at 545, 2941 and 3496 mmol/head per d, in response to low, mid and high doses of BCM, respectively, with no effect on maintenance feed intake and digestibility. Real-time PCR quantification of microbial groups showed a significant decrease relative to controls in abundance of methanogens and rumen fungi, whereas there were increases inPrevotellaspp. andFibrobacter succinogenes, a decrease inRuminococcus albusandR. flavefacienswas unchanged. The numbers of protozoa were also unaffected. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR analysis revealed that severalPrevotellaspp. were the bacteria that increased most in response to BCM treatment. It is concluded that the methane-inhibited rumen adapts to high hydrogen levels by shifting fermentation to propionate viaPrevotellaspp., but the majority of metabolic hydrogen is expelled as H2gas.
Operator algebras from the discrete Heisenberg semigroup
Authors: Anoussis M. , Katavolos A. , Todorov I. G. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe study reflexivity and structural properties of operator algebras generated by representations of the discrete Heisenberg semigroup. We show that the left regular representation of this semigroup gives rise to a semi-simple reflexive algebra. We exhibit an example of a representation that gives rise to a non-reflexive algebra. En route, we establish reflexivity results for subspaces of $H^{\infty}(\mathbb{T})\otimes\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})$.
“Good Will Toward Men” (Luke 2 14)
Authors: Ropes James Hardy 
Published: November 2011

Professor Adolf von Harnack in the Sitzungsberichte of the Berlin Academy for December 9, 1915 (pages 854–875) has discussed afresh in his characteristically interesting and instructive fashion the textual criticism and meaning of the angels' song in Luke 2 14. After a full exposition of the evidence and an investigation of the rare word εὐδοκία, he decides for the following text:Δόξα ἐν ὑΨίστοις ϑεῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆςΕἰρήνη ἀνϑρώποις εὐδοκίας,which he translates:“Glory in the highest to God and on earthPeace to men of (His) gracious will.”This form of the Greek text is in the second line substantially that on which the English Revised Version rests (“men in whom he is well pleased”); but Harnack, following Origen, connects εὐδοκίας not with ἀνϑρώποις but, by a somewhat harsh hyperbaton, with εἰρήνη, and interprets: “Peace is now given to men—no ordinary peace but the peace of His gracious will.”Harnack's argument, which contains much valuable discussion on various aspects of the verse, need not be here repeated. But two of the points which he makes, and in regard to which his reasoning is convincing, deserve notice; for although at first sight they might appear to occupy but a modest place among his results, in reality they seem to offer the key to the serious textual problem of the passage, and so lead to a translation and interpretation quite different from Harnack's. They may be stated thus:(1) With the reading εὐδοκίας, the song is a distich, of which the first line must be taken to include the words ἐπὶ γῆς and the second to begin with εἰρήνη.(2) ἀνϑρώποις εὐδοκίας is a phrase wholly unexampled and in itself full of difficulty. For εὐδοκία means “God's gracious will.” It refers to His purpose, His choice, not to His approval or satisfaction with man's performance; and it looks to the future, to grace, to the hope of a needy world, not to the past, to man's merit, or even to the inherent worth of human nature.
Reserve in Matters of Religion
Authors: Buckham Matthew H. 
Published: November 2011

I think it safe to assume—and I shall assume—that every college student has a certain amount of religious conviction and belief—more than we sometimes think—-more perhaps than he is himself conscious of having. I am emboldened to say this because I believe that religion—that is, the relation of the human in us to the divine in us and above us—is a part of the essential nature of man, potential even though latent in every man, and because the Christian environment in which most college students have passed their early days must have called these potentialities into more or less distinct consciousness.But what I recall in myself as a young man, and what I see in others, tells me that when this religious consciousness is made the object of appeal and of summons to expression and action it is very much inclined to withdraw within itself, and to fold itself about with reserve, and even to take on a kind of resistance. And when I examine this state of mind in myself and others, I think I can see that in a certain stage of spiritual immaturity, and perhaps more or less always, this reserve in religious expression is justifiable and even normal.
No Coptic in the Koridethi Codex
Authors: de Zwaan J. 
Published: November 2011

In the Harvard Theological Review, July 1923, pp. 280–283, Professors Lake and Blake have again drawn attention to a certain scrawl on the inner side of the back cover of the Koridethi Codex. I may be allowed to quote Blake's remarks in order to controvert them:The extreme importance of the picaresque inscription on the inner side of the back cover has not been sufficiently appreciated. We have here a mélange of Georgian and Coptic letters, and one Coptic word, viz. ḥêppe (ἰδού). Oscar von Lemm is right in holding that Armenian letters are not present. Now the very appearance of Coptic letters is an important and significant fact.
The Contribution of Professor Royce to Christian Thought
Authors: Buckham John Wright 
Published: November 2011

Theology is constantly recognizing, more fully and more freely, the closeness of its relation to philosophy. Starting though they do from different impulses—theology attempting to interpret experience and philosophy to attain knowledge—they converge upon a common field. No great theologian but influences philosophy, no great philosopher but affects theology.Of American philosophers since Edwards, no one has made so rich, profound, and extensive a contribution to religious thought as Josiah Royce.
Dualism or Duality?
Authors: Buckham John Wright 
Published: November 2011

Do we live in an intrinsically rent and warring world? or is the schism only apparent, veiling a fundamental and all-pervasive harmony? or is the universe of such a nature as to admit of a conflict which, though it has sprung up within it, is not of it?These three possibilities offer themselves to the mind that is trying to push through the world of appearances into the world of reality. The first is the conclusion of Dualism. The second is the conclusion of Monism. The third is an undifferentiated, but long prevalent and well-grounded, conviction, sometimes wrongly identified with dualism, sometimes with monism, but in reality independent of both. For want of a better term we may call it the principle of Duality.
The “Festschrift für Hermann Gunkel”
Authors: Pfeiffer Robert H. , Cadbury Henry J. 
Published: November 2011

A group of German biblical scholars have presented to Professor Hermann Gunkel of Halle, on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday (May 23, 1922), a volume of studies on the religion and literature of the Old and New Testament.The first part comprises eleven papers and relates to the Old Testament. In the first two articles H. Gressmann and P. Eissfeldt discuss some of the patriarchal stories of Genesis from two different points of view, that of “Stoffkritik” and of “Quellkritik” respectively.