bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2′‐O,4′‐C‐Aminomethylene‐Bridged Nucleic Acid Modification with Enhancement of Nuclease Resistance Promotes Pyrimidine Motif Triplex Nucleic Acid Formation at Physiological pH
Authors: Torigoe Hidetaka , Rahman S. M. Abdur , Takuma Hiroko , Sato Norihiro , Imanishi Takeshi , Obika Satoshi , Sasaki Kiyomi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDue to the instability of pyrimidine motif triplex DNA at physiological pH, triplex stabilization at physiological pH is crucial in improving its potential in various triplex‐formation‐based strategies in vivo, such as gene expression regulation, genomic DNA mapping, and gene‐targeted mutagenesis. To this end, we investigated the thermodynamic and kinetic effects of our previously reported chemical modification, 2′‐O,4′‐C‐aminomethylene‐bridged nucleic acid (2′,4′‐BNANC) modification of triplex‐forming oligonucleotide (TFO), on triplex formation at physiological pH. The thermodynamic analyses indicated that the 2′,4′‐BNANC modification of TFO increased the binding constant of the triplex formation at physiological pH by more than 10‐fold. The number and position of the 2′,4′‐BNANC modification in TFO did not significantly affect the magnitude of the increase in the binding constant. The consideration of the observed thermodynamic parameters suggested that the increased rigidity and the increased degree of hydration of the 2′,4′‐BNANC‐modified TFO in the free state relative to the unmodified TFO may enable the significant increase in the binding constant. Kinetic data demonstrated that the observed increase in the binding constant by the 2′,4′‐BNANC modification resulted mainly from the considerable decrease in the dissociation rate constant. The TFO stability in human serum showed that the 2′,4′‐BNANC modification significantly increased the nuclease resistance of TFO. Our results support the idea that the 2′,4′‐BNANC modification of TFO could be a key chemical modification to achieve higher binding affinity and higher nuclease resistance in the triplex formation under physiological conditions, and may lead to progress in various triplex‐formation‐based strategies in vivo.
Total Synthesis and Biological Assessment of (−)‐Exiguolide and Analogues
Authors: Fuwa Haruhiko , Suzuki Takaya , Kubo Hiroshi , Yamori Takao , Sasaki Makoto 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe describe herein an enantioselective total synthesis of (−)‐exiguolide, the natural enantiomer. The methylene bis(tetrahydropyran) substructure was efficiently synthesized by exploiting olefin cross‐metathesis for the assembly of readily available acyclic segments and intramolecular oxa‐conjugate cyclization and reductive etherification for the formation of the tetrahydropyran rings. The 20‐membered macrocyclic framework was constructed in an efficient manner by means of Julia–Kocienski coupling and Yamaguchi macrolactonization. Finally, the (E,Z,E)‐triene side chain was introduced stereoselectively via Suzuki–Miyaura coupling to complete the total synthesis. Assessment of the growth inhibitory activity of synthetic (−)‐exiguolide against a panel of human cancer cell lines elucidated for the first time that this natural product is an effective antiproliferative agent against the NCI‐H460 human lung large cell carcinoma and the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Moreover, we have investigated structure–activity relationships of (−)‐exiguolide, which elucidated that the C5‐methoxycarbonylmethylidene group and the length of the side chain are important for the potent activity.
Catalyst Tests on a Pilot Plant for Small Biomass Combustion Systems
Authors: Hartmann Ingo , Lenz Volker , Schenker Marian , Thiel Christian , Einicke Wolf‐Dietrich , Bindig René , Roland Ulf 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEine katalytisch unterstützte Emissionsminderung an Biomasse‐Kleinfeuerungen kann zusätzlich zur Reduzierung von Feinstaub eine Umwandlung von toxischen organischen Komponenten zu Kohlendioxid und Wasser ermöglichen. Für Katalysatoruntersuchungen unter Praxisbedingungen wurde eine spezielle Versuchsanlage aufgebaut. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Produkte der unvollständigen Verbrennung aus Kaminöfen, wie Kohlenmonoxid, durch katalytische Verfahren abgebaut werden können. Weitere Entwicklungsarbeiten und Untersuchungen sind jedoch notwendig, um die angestrebten Emissionsgrenzwerte zu erreichen.
Energy‐Saving Grinding of Grain with a Wedge‐Shaped Discs Mill
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas , Fürll Christian , Hempel Heinz 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFür die Zerkleinerung von Futtergetreide wurde ein Keilscheibenzerkleinerer entwickelt und untersucht. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten an Weizen, Roggen und Gerste in einem Kornfeuchtebereich bis 21 %. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Keilscheiben mit kreisbogenförmigen Schneidkanten hohe Masseströme von über 40 t h–1 bei einem Energiebedarf von weniger als 3 kWh t–1 ermöglichen. Die Kornfeuchte hat wenig Einfluss auf den Energiebedarf.
The Oblique Impact of Three Different Types of Granules
Authors: Müller Peter , Horbach Siarhei , Antonyuk Sergiy , Heinrich Stefan , Tomas Jürgen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDer schiefe Stoßvorgang von dominant elastischen γ‐Al2O3‐, elastisch‐plastischen Zeolith 4A‐ und dominant plastischen Natriumbenzoatgranulaten wurde mit einer Fallapparatur experimentell ermittelt. Die normale und tangentiale Stoßzahl bei verschiedenen Aufprallwinkeln wurde bestimmt und mit Ergebnissen aus einer dimensionslosen Analyse bestätigt.
High Pressure Optical Cell for Studies of the Ammonothermal Process
Authors: Alt Nicolas S. A. , Schlücker Eberhard 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDie ammonothermale Züchtung von Galliumnitrid‐Halbleitereinkristallen hat in den letzten Jahren enorme technologische Fortschritte erfahren. Die Vorgänge bei der Reaktion sind jedoch noch kaum verstanden, da wegen der extremen Reaktionsbedingungen nur indirekte Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Gleichgewichts‐ und Löslichkeitsdaten angewendet werden konnten. Mit dieser Arbeit wird eine Hochdruck‐Sichtzelle vorgestellt, an der In‐situ‐Untersuchungen am ammonothermalen System unter realen Reaktionsbedingungen durchgeführt wurden.
Biodistribution and Photodynamic Efficacy of a Water‐Soluble, Stable, Halogenated Bacteriochlorin against Melanoma
Authors: Dąbrowski Janusz M. , Urbanska Krystyna , Arnaut Luis G. , Pereira Mariette M. , Abreu Artur R. , Simões Sérgio , Stochel Grażyna 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe in vitro phototoxicity of a photostable, synthetic, water‐soluble, halogenated bacteriochlorin, 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(2‐chloro‐5‐sulfophenyl)bacteriochlorin (TCPBSO3H), toward mouse melanoma (S91) cells is ∼60‐fold higher than that of the analogous porphyrin, and is associated with very weak toxicity in the dark; 90 % of S91 cells were killed in response to a light dose of 0.26 J cm−2 in the presence of [TCPBSO3H]=5 μM. In vivo toxicity toward DBA mice is very low, even at doses of 20 mg kg−1. In vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of TCPBSO3H were studied in DBA mice with S91 tumors; 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg kg−1, TCPBSO3H demonstrated preferential accumulation in S91 mouse melanoma, with tumor‐to‐normal tissue ratios of 3 and 5 for muscle and skin, respectively. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) performed under these conditions, with 90 mW cm−2 diode laser irradiation at λ 750 nm for 20 min (total light dose of 108 J cm−2), resulted in tumor regression. Tumor recurrence was observed only approximately two months after treatment, confirming the efficacy of this PDT against melanoma.
Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy reduces radiation‐induced trismus in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yuan‐Yuan , Zhao Chong , Wang Jin , Ma Hong‐Lian , Lai Shu‐Zheng , Liu Yuan , Han Fei , Lu Li‐Xia , Bao Yong , Chen Ming 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) provides better temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sparing and, thus, may reduce the incidence of radiation‐induced trismus after radiotherapy. The objectives of this study were to evaluate radiation‐induced trismus in patients with NPC who had received IMRT and to assess the pretreatment factors, relevant treatment factors, and dosimetry parameters associated with trismus.METHODS:A prospective, single‐arm measurement study with more than 5 years of follow‐up was designed. Patients with newly diagnosed stage I through IVB NPC who received treatment with IMRT were eligible. Patients received 66 to 70 grays (Gy) to the gross tumor volume. The maximal interincisal distance (MID) was measured at baseline and 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years after they completed IMRT.RESULTS:The trial enrolled 211 consecutive patients from 2001 to 2004. The mean dose to the TMJ ranged from 6.18 Gy to 51.36 Gy (median dose, 29.88 Gy). Compared with baseline MID levels, normalized MID levels at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years after IMRT were 94.6% ± 9.9%, 92.5% ± 10.5%, 92% ± 10.6%, 92.2% ± 10.5%, 92.1% ± 10.2%, and 90.3% ± 11.4%, respectively (P < .001). According to a revised subjective‐objective management‐analytical (SOMA) scale, grade 1/2 trismus was identified in 12 of 211 patients (5.7%), and no grade 3/4 trismus was observed. There was an increasing risk of trismus after IMRT when the MID was <40.5 mm at baseline compared with an MID >40.5 mm (P = .007). No dosimetric parameter was associated with trismus.CONCLUSIONS:IMRT was able to reduce the radiation dose to the TMJ and likely reduced the incidence and severity of radiation‐induced trismus after radiotherapy. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Minimal social network effects evident in cancer screening behavior
Authors: Keating Nancy L. , O'Malley A. James , Murabito Joanne M. , Smith Kirsten P. , Christakis Nicholas A 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Social networks may influence screening behaviors. We assessed whether screening for breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer is influenced by the actual screening behaviors of siblings, friends, spouses, and coworkers.METHODS:We conducted an observational study using Framingham Heart Study data to assess screening for eligible individuals during the late 1990s. We used logistic regression to determine whether the probability of screening for breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer was influenced by the proportion of siblings, friends, and coworkers who had the same screening, as well as spouse's screening for colorectal cancer, adjusting for other factors that might influence screening rates.RESULTS:Among 1660 women aged 41‐70 years, 71.7% reported mammography in the previous year; among 1217 men aged 51‐70 years, 43.3% reported prostate‐specific antigen testing in the previous year; and among 1426 men and women aged 51‐80 years, 46.9% reported stool blood testing and/or sigmoidoscopy in the previous year. An increasing proportion of sisters who had mammography in the previous year was associated with mammography screening in the ego (odds ratio [OR], 1.034; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.000‐1.065 for each 10% increase). A spouse with recent screening was associated with more colorectal cancer screening (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.39‐1.98 vs unmarried). Otherwise, screening behaviors of siblings, friends, and coworkers were not associated with screening in the ego.CONCLUSIONS:Aside from a slight increase in breast cancer screening among women whose sisters were screened and colorectal cancer screening if spouses were screened, the screening behavior of siblings, friends, or coworkers did not influence cancer screening behaviors. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Effects of individual‐level socioeconomic factors on racial disparities in cancer treatment and survival
Authors: Du Xianglin L. , Lin Charles C. , Johnson Norman J. , Altekruse Sean 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:This is the first study to use the linked National Longitudinal Mortality Study and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data to determine the effects of individual‐level socioeconomic factors (health insurance, education, income, and poverty status) on racial disparities in receiving treatment and in survival.METHODS:This study included 13,234 cases diagnosed with the 8 most common types of cancer (female breast, colorectal, prostate, lung and bronchus, uterine cervix, ovarian, melanoma, and urinary bladder) at age ≥25 years, identified from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study‐SEER data during 1973 to 2003. Kaplan‐Meier methods and Cox regression models were used for survival analysis.RESULTS:Three‐year all‐cause observed survival for cases diagnosed with local‐stage cancers of the 8 leading tumors combined was ≥82% regardless of race/ethnicity. More favorable survival was associated with higher socioeconomic status. Compared with whites, blacks were less likely to receive first‐course cancer‐directed surgery, perhaps reflecting a less favorable stage distribution at diagnosis. Hazard ratio (HR) for cancer‐specific mortality was significantly higher among blacks compared with whites (HR, 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1‐1.3) after adjusting for age, sex, and tumor stage, but not after further controlling for socioeconomic factors and treatment (HR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.9‐1.1). HRs for all‐cause mortality among patients with breast cancer and for cancer‐specific mortality in patients with prostate cancer were significantly higher for blacks compared with whites after adjusting for socioeconomic factors, treatment, and patient and tumor characteristics.CONCLUSIONS:Favorable survival was associated with higher socioeconomic status. Racial disparities in survival persisted after adjusting for individual‐level socioeconomic factors and treatment for patients with breast and prostate cancer. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
DNA repair gene polymorphisms and benefit from gefitinib in never‐smokers with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Han Ji‐Youn , Yoon Kyong‐Ah , Park Jae Hee , Lee Young Joo , Lee Geon Kook , Han Jong Hee , Yoon Sung Jin , Yun Tak , Kim Heung Tae , Lee Jin Soo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in DNA repair genes affect clinical outcome of never‐smokers with lung adenocarcinoma (NSLA).METHOD:Common polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1), excision repair cross‐complementation group 1 (ERCC1), and x‐ray repair cross‐complementing group 1 (XRCC1) were genotyped in DNA samples from 158 patients among 313 NSLA who were randomized to receive either gefitinib or gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) as first‐line therapy. Immunohistochemistry for ERCC1 (n = 38) and direct sequencing of the epidermal growth factor gene (EGFR) (n = 42) were performed using tumor samples.RESULTS:Patients who had the XRCC1 arginine (Arg)/Arg polymorphism at codon 399 (399Arg/Arg) had a higher response rate to gefitinib (71% vs 36%; P = .002) and had more EGFR‐mutant tumors (82% vs 29%; P = .001) than patients who had the glutamine (Gln) allele. Patients who had the ERCC1 adenine‐adenine (AA) polymorphism at codon 8092 (8092AA) had a higher response to GP than patients who had the cytosine‐cytosine (CC) or the CA genotype (100% vs 44%; P = .043).When gefitinib was compared with GP, significantly longer progression‐free survival (PFS) was observed with gefitinib among patients who had the XRCC1 399Arg/Arg genotype (7.5 months vs 6.6 months; P = .013), the RRM1 2464 guanine‐guanine (GG) genotype (11.5 months vs 6.0 months; P = .004), and the ERCC1 8092CA genotype (7.5 months vs 6.4 months; P = .024). When the 3 genotypes were analyzed jointly, significantly longer PFS was observed with gefitinib among patients who had ≥2 genotypes (8.1 months vs 6.4 months; P = .009), whereas a trend for longer PFS was observed with GP among patients without the 3 genotypes (6.3 months vs 2.0 months; P = .06). In a multivariate Cox regression model, the greater number of specific genotypes independently predicted improved overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3‐0.8; P = .006).CONCLUSIONS:Patients with the XRCC1 399Arg/Arg, RRM1 2464GG, and ERCC1 8092CA genotypes did benefit from gefitinib. Having more of these genotypes may predict favorable prognosis for NSLA. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Preoperative chemoradiation may not always be needed for patients with T3 and T2N+ rectal cancer
Authors: Frasson Matteo , Garcia‐Granero Eduardo , Roda Desamparados , Flor‐Lorente Blas , Roselló Susana , Esclapez Pedro , Faus Carmen , Navarro Samuel , Campos Salvador , Cervantes Andrés 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Preoperative chemoradiation is becoming the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. However, since the introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME), local recurrence rates have been reduced significantly, and some patients can be spared from potentially toxic over treatment. The current study was designed to assess the factors that predict recurrence in an institutional series of patients with rectal cancer who had clinical T2 lymph node‐positive (cT2N+) tumors or cT3N0/N+ tumors and underwent radical surgery without receiving preoperative chemoradiation.METHODS:Between November 1997 and November 2008, the authors' multidisciplinary group preoperatively staged 398 patients with rectal cancer by using endorectal ultrasonography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. The analysis included 152 consecutive patients with cT2N+, cT3N0, or cT3N+ rectal cancer who underwent TME without receiving preoperative chemoradiation. Macroscopic assessment of the mesorectal excision and circumferential resection margins were determined. Factors potentially related to local recurrence (LR), disease‐free survival (DFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were analyzed.RESULTS:After a median follow‐up of 39 months, the 5‐year actuarial LR, DFS, and CSS rates were 9.5%, 65.4%, and 77.8%, respectively, for the whole group. Threatened mesorectal fascia at preoperative staging was the only independent preoperative factor that predicted a higher risk for LR (P = .007), shorter DFS (P = .007), and shorter CSS (P = .05). In particular, the 5‐year LR rates for patients with and without preoperative threatened circumferential resection margins were 19.4% and 5.4%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The current results suggested that patients with rectal cancer clinically staged as T3N0/N+ or T2N+ with a free margin >2 mm from mesorectal fascia may undergo TME alone, avoiding over treatment with preoperative chemoradiation. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on breast reconstruction
Authors: Hu Yue‐Yung , Weeks Christine M. , In Haejin , Dodgion Christopher M. , Golshan Mehra , Chun Yoon S. , Hassett Michael J. , Corso Katherine A. , Gu Xiangmei , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Greenberg Caprice C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:With advances in oncologic treatment, cosmesis after mastectomy has assumed a pivotal role in patient and provider decision making. Multiple studies have confirmed the safety of both chemotherapy before breast surgery and immediate reconstruction. Little has been written about the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on decisions about reconstruction.METHODS:The authors identified 665 patients with stage I through III breast cancer who received chemotherapy and underwent mastectomy at Dana‐Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center from 1997 to 2007. By using multivariate logistic regression, reconstruction rates were compared between patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 180) and patients who underwent mastectomy before chemotherapy (n = 485). The rate of postoperative complications after mastectomy was determined for patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared with those who did not.RESULTS:Reconstruction was performed immediately in 44% of patients who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy but in only 23% of those who did. Twenty‐one percent of neoadjuvant chemotherapy recipients and 14% of adjuvant‐only chemotherapy recipients underwent delayed reconstruction. After controlling for age, receipt of radiotherapy, and disease stage, neoadjuvant recipients were less likely to undergo immediate reconstruction (odds ratio [OR], 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37, 0.87) but were no more likely to undergo delayed reconstruction (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.75, 2.20). Surgical complications occurred in 30% of neoadjuvant chemotherapy recipients and in 31% of adjuvant chemotherapy recipients.CONCLUSIONS:The current results suggest that patients who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy are less likely to undergo immediate reconstruction and are no more likely to undergo delayed reconstruction than patients who undergo surgery before they receive chemotherapy. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic roles of human equilibrative transporter 1 (hENT‐1) and ribonucleoside reductase subunit M1 (RRM1) in resected pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kim Richard , Tan Ann , Lai Kevin K. , Jiang John , Wang Yixen , Rybicki Lisa A. , Liu Xiulu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a malignancy with a dismal prognosis. Previous studies have suggested that in pancreatic cancer, human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT‐1) and ribonucleoside reductase subunit M1 (RRM1) expression may have prognostic value as well as predictive value with sensitivity to gemcitabine. This study investigated the prognostic value of hENT‐1 and RRM1 expression in resected pancreatic cancer.METHODS:Eighty‐four patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy from 2000 to 2005 were included in this study. Patients were followed for a median of 60 months (range, 44‐110). Total RNA was isolated from macrodissected paraffin‐embedded tumors. hENT‐1 and RRM1 expression levels in tumors were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (QRT‐PCR), normalized to 2 reference genes, and expressed as ΔCt (low ΔCt means high expression). Univariate and multivariable prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were identified via Cox proportional hazards analysis.RESULTS:Univariate analysis identified hENT‐1, overall stage, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and adjuvant therapy as prognostic factors for both PFS and OS. Multivariate analysis confirmed the association of low expression of hENT‐1 (ΔCt > 0.2027) (P = .007), perineural invasion (P = .021), and lack of adjuvant treatment (P < 0.001) with worse OS. Multivariate analysis also confirmed the association of low expression of hENT‐1 (ΔCt > 0.5391) with worse PFS (P = .016) in addition to overall stage (P = .013), perineural invasion (P = .042), and lack of adjuvant treatment (hazard ratio 2.31, P = .029). RRM1 expression was not associated with OS or PFS in the current cohort.CONCLUSIONS:Low expression of hENT‐1 was associated with worse OS and PFS in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma independent of gemcitabine therapy. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.