bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Chinese Manufacturing Export Duration
Authors: Shao Jun , Xu Kangning , Qiu Bin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis paper studies the duration of Chinese manufacturing exports and its determinants, using disaggregated 6‐digit level Harmonized System product trade data from 1995 to 2007. Cox proportional hazard, Weibull and exponential models are used to examine the effects of various factors on export duration. It is revealed that export duration tends to be rather short‐lived. It is also found that GDP and GDP per capita of the export destination have positive effects on export duration, while trade relationships with distant and landlocked countries are generally of shorter duration. In addition, export duration is longer for differentiated and parts and components products, as well as products with large initial trade values. WTO membership is also important for longer export duration. Our empirical analysis suggests that developed markets, such as the USA and the EU, are important to China, and should still be the major sources for Chinese export growth in the long run. Moreover, technical innovation of firms and free trade agreement negotiations will be helpful for sustainable export growth.
Empirical Study on Information Asymmetry Based on Chinese Forward Exchange Rate Market
Authors: Wang Xi , Yang Jiaohui 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMany published studies have considered information asymmetry between domestic and foreign investors about local assets in the stock market, particularly in developed markets. The present study proposes a new perspective to address the issue in the case of China's forward exchange rate market. Following the framework of Clarida and Taylor (1997), the term structures of exchange rates in the domestic forward and the non‐deliverable forward markets are constructed and then applied to predict future spot exchange rates based on a vector equilibrium correction model. By comparing the forecast accuracy on the basis of the root mean square error and the mean absolute error, it is shown that dynamic out‐of‐sample forecasts of the domestic forward market are superior to those of the non‐deliverable forward market, suggesting that domestic investors are better informed than foreign investors. The result has several important policy implications, especially for exchange rate determination.
China's Free Trade Agreements with ASEAN, Japan and Korea: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Estrada Gemma , Park Donghyun , Park Innwon , Park Soonchan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe role of China in East Asia's recovery from the recent global financial and economic crisis highlights China's position as an engine of growth for this region. From the viewpoint of China, there are many potential gains from entering into free trade agreements (FTAs) with its neighbors, who collectively form a large and fast‐growing market. In this paper, we qualitatively and quantitatively assess the four main permutations of China's FTAs with East Asian major economies: China–ASEAN, China–Japan, China–Korea and ASEAN+3. We compare the effects of these FTAs on China's output and welfare. Our comparative analysis shows that China will gain from all three bilateral FTAs, while gaining the most from the ASEAN+3. Because forming a region‐wide FTA, such as the ASEAN+3, is expected to be gradual and difficult, China should continue to engage in bilateral FTAs as a medium‐term and alternative strategy. However, in the long term, China should pursue a region‐wide FTA.
Power, Leadership, and Self‐Regulation
Authors: Ent Michael R. , Baumeister Roy F. , Vonasch Andrew J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPower has been linked to both self‐regulatory success and failure. Power typically aids self‐regulation of task performance by making people motivated and goal‐oriented. However, because people’s self‐regulatory resources are limited, as powerful people exert effort on their focal tasks, they may fail to self‐regulate in other domains. This type of goal myopia may lead to detriments in impulse control. Wielding power, by making decisions and leading subordinates, can deplete people’s self‐regulatory resources, making subsequent acts of self‐control more difficult.
When Me versus You Becomes Us versus Them: How Intergroup Competition Shapes Ingroup Psychology
Authors: Mead Nicole , Maner Jon 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThroughout evolutionary history, intergroup competition has been an influential part of social life. Although the topic has received substantial empirical attention among social psychologists, the majority of that work has focused on how ingroup and outgroup members regard one another. Only recently have researchers begun examining how intergroup rivalry changes that way that ingroup members perceive and relate to one another. New findings suggest that a variety of within‐group processes are influenced by the presence of a rival outgroup. In general, altruistic cooperation and prosocial motives increase among ingroup members when their group competes against another. The relationship between leaders and followers also shifts in response to intergroup rivalry: rather than wielding their power for selfish purposes, leaders prioritize the needs of their group. On the flip side, followers’ choice of leader changes, preferring males during times of intergroup competition but females in the absence of competition. Given the substantial impact of intergroup competition on ingroup processes, future research should continue to deepen the field’s knowledge of this topic. Additionally, the scope of research should be broadened to capture the effect of intergroup competition on ingroup dynamics, such as performance and group outcomes.
The Contributing Role of Negative Affectivity and Experiential Avoidance to Increased Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Hildebrandt Mikaela J. , Hayes Steven C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDepression and anxiety are independent risk factors for the onset of cardiovascular disease, independent of classical risk factors, such as smoking, obesity, or hypertension. The present paper argues that the tendency to avoid difficult thoughts and feelings helps explain this relationship. There is a strong positive relationship between experiential avoidance and negative affectivity. Experiential avoidance is also related to several health behaviors recognized for increasing cardiovascular risk and may help functionally explain why individuals engage in problematic behaviors, such as smoking, drinking, and binge eating. Treatments that undermine experiential avoidance could be useful psychosocial approaches to cardiovascular risk reduction.
Two Sides of the Same Coin? Viewing Altruism and Aggression Through the Adaptive Lens of Kinship
Authors: Webster Gregory D. , Cottrell Catherine A. , Schember Tatiana Orozco , Crysel Laura C. , Crosier Benjamin S. , Gesselman Amanda N. , Le Bonnie M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAre altruism and aggression polar opposites, or are they two sides of the same coin? In this review, the authors examine the evolved biological roots of these behaviors and focus on the psychology of kinship and how it can serve to bridge both behaviors. Drawing on inclusive fitness theory (Hamilton, 1964), the kinship, acceptance, and rejection model of altruism and aggression (KARMAA; Webster, 2008), and a sociofunctional threat‐based approach to prejudice (Cottrell & Neuberg, 2005), the authors propose that altruism and aggression can be viewed as two sides of the same coin depending on context and perspective. For example, a mother bear protecting her cubs by attacking a predator may be simultaneously exhibiting an act of altruism and aggression. After offering some empirical support for their view, the authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of viewing altruism and aggression as related constructs at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and intergroup levels.
From Mind Perception to Mental Connection: Synchrony as a Mechanism for Social Understanding
Authors: Wheatley Thalia , Kang Olivia , Parkinson Carolyn , Looser Christine E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractConnecting deeply with another mind is as enigmatic as it is fulfilling. Why people “click” with some people but not others is one of the great unsolved mysteries of science. However, researchers from psychology and neuroscience are converging on a likely physiological basis for connection – neural synchrony (entrainment). Here, we review research on the necessary precursors for interpersonal synchrony: the ability to detect a mind and resonate with its outputs. Further, We describe potential mechanisms for the development of synchrony between two minds. We then consider recent neuroimaging and behavioral evidence for the adaptive benefits of synchrony, including neural efficiency and the release of a reward signal that promotes future social interaction. In nature, neural synchrony yields behavioral synchrony. Humans use behavioral synchrony to promote neural synchrony, and thus, social bonding. This reverse‐engineering of social connection is an important innovation likely underlying this distinctively human capacity to create large‐scale social coordination and cohesion.
What Do People Infer from Social Comparisons? Bridges between Social Comparison and Person Perception
Authors: Hoorens Vera , Damme Carolien Van 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHuman judgment is basically comparative, with self‐judgments in particular being based on social comparison. Not surprisingly, much research has focused on how self‐comparisons shape comparers’ self‐views on the specific comparison dimension. We argue that both comparers and observers may, and do, draw various other inferences and that they do so from both self‐comparisons and other‐comparisons. In both cases they may draw inferences from (a) the fact that social comparison has taken place, (b) the allocation of the target and referent roles, and (c) the stated relationship between the target and the referent. In order to show how exploring these inferences may lead social comparison research into new and exciting directions, we point out some unanswered questions about them.
Assessing the Existing Information on the Efficacy of Bovine Vaccination against Escherichia coli O157:H7 – A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Varela N. P. , Dick P. , Wilson J. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the existing information on the efficacy of commercial vaccination to reduce the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in weaned cattle in beef feedlot finishing systems under commercial conditions. Currently, only two commercial vaccines exist, and thus, only publications reporting the use of vaccines targeting type III secreted proteins and/or siderophore receptor and porin proteins (SRP) were considered relevant. A total of 18 studies reporting 45 comparisons were included in this review. Meta‐analyses were conducted variously on (i) pre‐harvest outcomes, (ii) at‐harvest outcomes and (iii) both pre‐harvest and at‐harvest outcomes combined. Overall, efficacy of vaccination was consistently observed. Efficacy and homogeneity of the results was demonstrated for the two‐dose regimen, allowing us to conclude with confidence that the two‐dose approach is efficacious. For pre‐harvest outcomes and two‐dose regimens, the odds ratios (OR) were 0.53 (95% CI = 0.45–0.62) for the two vaccines combined and 0.49 (95% CI = 0.40–0.60) for vaccine targeting type III secreted proteins. The test for heterogeneity among studies yielded a Q test P = 0.354 for the two vaccines combined and Q test P = 0.269 for the vaccine targeting type III secreted proteins, indicating homogeneity in both cases. For pre‐ and at‐harvest outcomes combined and two‐dose regimens, the odds ratios (OR) were 0.52 (95% CI = 0.44–0.61) for the two vaccines combined and 0.45 (95% CI = 0.34–0.60) for vaccine targeting type III secreted proteins. The test for heterogeneity among studies yielded a Q test P = 0.134 for the two vaccines combined indicating homogeneity and Q test P = 0.089 for the vaccine targeting type III secreted proteins indicating heterogeneity. Based on this meta‐analysis, bovine vaccination appears to be an effective approach to the pre‐harvest control of E. coli O157:H7.
Complementary and alternative medicine for diabetes mellitus: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Posadzki Paul , Lee Myeong Soo , Ernst Edzard 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground  Many patients with diabetes mellitus report the use of CAM.Objectives  To summarise and critically evaluate systematic reviews of any type of CAM for the treatment of diabetes.Methods  Four electronic databases were searched to identify all relevant systematic reviews published between January 2000 and May 2011.Results  Twelve systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. These reviews evaluated the effectiveness of any type of CAM, herbal medicine, qi gong, tai chi, massage, moxibustion and yoga for the treatment and/or management of diabetes mellitus. Reviews also assessed the effectiveness of: pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay the onset of the disease; the effectiveness of herbal remedies and dietary supplements for glucose control; and the effectiveness of yoga‐based programmes on physiologic and anthropometrical risk profiles and related clinical outcomes. Six reviews were of high quality and six indicated high risk of bias. Eleven reviews arrived at cautious or negative conclusions. One systematic review of massage reported positive conclusions.Conclusions  Evidence supporting the effectiveness of CAM as a treatment option for diabetes is scarce.
Ageratina pichinchensis extract for chronic venous leg ulcers
Authors: Chrubasik S 
Published: August 2012

Romero‐Cerecero O, Zamilpa‐Álvarez A, Jiménez‐Ferrer E, Tortoriello J.Exploratory study on the effectiveness of a standardized extract from Ageratina pichinchensis in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers.Planta Med 2012; 78: 304–10.
Technical Note: Comparison between single and multiview simulated DXA configurations for reconstructing the 3D shape and bone mineral density distribution of the proximal femur
Authors: Humbert Ludovic , Whitmarsh Tristan , de Craene Mathieu , del Río Barquero Luis Miguel , Frangi Alejandro F. 
Published: August 2012

Purpose:Dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) is used in clinical routine to provide a two‐dimensional (2D) analysis of the bone mineral density (BMD). 3D reconstruction methods from 2D DXA images could improve the BMD analysis. To find the optimal configuration that should be used in clinical routine, this paper relies on a 3D reconstruction method from DXA images to compare the accuracy that can be obtained from one single‐view and from multiview DXA images (two to four projections).Methods:The 3D reconstruction method uses a statistical model and a nonrigid registration technique to recover in 3D the shape and the BMD distribution of the proximal femur. The accuracy was evaluatedin vivo by comparing 3D reconstructions obtained from simulated DXA images of 30 patients (using between one and four DXA views) with quantitative computed tomography reconstructions.Results:This comparison showed that the use of one single DXA provides accurate 3D reconstructions (mean shape accuracy of 1.0 mm and BMD distribution errors of 7.0%). Among the multiview configurations, the use of two views (0° and 45°) was the best compromise, increasing the accuracy of pose (mean accuracy of 0.7°/1.2°/0.9° against 1.0°/3.5°/3.3° for the single view), reducing slightly the BMD errors (5.7%) while maintaining the same shape accuracy.Conclusions:The use of two views constitutes an interesting configuration when multiview DXA devices are available in clinical routine. However, the use of only one single view remains an accurate solution to recover the shape and the BMD distribution in 3D, with the advantage of a higher potential for clinical translation.
Immunogenicity of a Monovalent Pandemic Influenza A H1N1 Virus Vaccine with or without Prior Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Administration
Authors: Igari Hidetoshi , Watanabe Akira , Segawa Shunsuke , Suzuki Akiko , Watanabe Mariko , Sakurai Takayuki , Watanabe Masaharu , Tatsumi Koichiro , Nakayama Mikio , Suzuki Kazuo , Sato Takeyuki 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe immunogenicity of pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus (A/H1pdm) vaccine might be modified by prior seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (sTIV) administration. We conducted a retrospective analysis of immunogenicity of 243 health care workers (number of sTIV-positive [sTIV+] subjects, 216; number of sTIV−subjects, 27) by hemagglutination inhibition. There was no significant difference in the ratios of antibody titers of ≥40 (41.2% versus 48.1%;P= 0.49) and fold increases in geometric mean titer (3.8 versus 4.5;P= 0.37). sTIV injected 7 to 10 days prior to A/H1pdm vaccine administration did not interfere with the immunogenicity of the latter.
Antibody in Middle Ear Fluid of Children Originates Predominantly from Sera and Nasopharyngeal Secretions
Authors: Kaur Ravinder , Kim Thomas , Casey Janet R. , Pichichero Michael E. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe human middle ear is devoid of any immunocompetent cells in normal mucosa. We sought to determine the source of antibody present in the middle ear of children. Total IgG, IgA, and secretory IgA antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from the nasopharyngeal, middle ear, and serum samples of children with acute otitis media. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis pattern of the entire array of IgA antibodies in the nasal wash (NW) and middle ear fluid (MEF) was compared from the MEF and NW samples using isoelectric focusing and Western blotting. The total IgG and IgA antibodies in the MEF and NW samples of 137 children were compared. The ratio of IgG to IgA in the MEF was significantly different (P< 0.008) compared to NW because IgA levels were higher and IgG levels lower in NW. The IgG/IgA ratio of MEF resembled serum consistent with transudation to the MEF. Small amounts of secretory IgA were detected in MEF but the electrophoresis patterns of the entire array of IgA antibodies in the MEF and NW were virtually identical in each child evaluated; thus, IgA in MEF derived predominantly from serum and the nasopharynx by reflux via the Eustachian tube. The IgG/IgA antibody levels in the MEF and the same composition of IgA antibody in the MEF and NW identifies the predominant source of antibody in the MEF as a transudate of serum combined with nasal secretions refluxed from the nasopharynx in children.
Genetic Characterization of Trichomonas vaginalis Isolates by Use of Multilocus Sequence Typing
Authors: Cornelius Denise C. , Robinson D. Ashley , Muzny Christina A. , Mena Leandro A. , Aanensen David M. , Lushbaugh William B. , Meade John C. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

In this study, we introduce a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, comprised of seven single-copy housekeeping genes, to genetically characterize
Trichomonas vaginalis
. Sixty-eight historical and recent isolates of
T. vaginalis
were sampled from the American Type Culture Collection and female patients at area health care facilities, respectively, to assess the usefulness of this typing method. Forty-three polymorphic nucleotide sites, 51 different alleles, and 60 sequence types were distinguished among the 68 isolates, revealing a diverse
T. vaginalis
population. Moreover, this discriminatory MLST scheme retains the ability to identify epidemiologically linked isolates such as those collected from sexual partners. Population genetic and phylogenetic analyses determined that
T. vaginalis
population structure is strongly influenced by recombination and is composed of two separate populations that may be nonclonal. MLST is useful for investigating the epidemiology, genetic diversity, and population structure of
T. vaginalis
.
Prospective Evaluation of a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry System in a Hospital Clinical Microbiology Laboratory for Identification of Bacteria and Yeasts: a Bench-by-Bench Study for Assessing the Impact on Time to Identification and Cost-Effectiveness
Authors: Tan K. E. , Ellis B. C. , Lee R. , Stamper P. D. , Zhang S. X. , Carroll K. C. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been found to be an accurate, rapid, and inexpensive method for the identification of bacteria and yeasts. Previous evaluations have compared the accuracy, time to identification, and costs of the MALDI-TOF MS method against standard identification systems or commercial panels. In this prospective study, we compared a protocol incorporating MALDI-TOF MS (MALDI protocol) with the current standard identification protocols (standard protocol) to determine the performance in actual practice using a specimen-based, bench-by-bench approach. The potential impact on time to identification (TTI) and costs had MALDI-TOF MS been the first-line identification method was quantitated. The MALDI protocol includes supplementary tests, notably for
Streptococcus pneumoniae
and
Shigella
, and indications for repeat MALDI-TOF MS attempts, often not measured in previous studies. A total of 952 isolates (824 bacterial isolates and 128 yeast isolates) recovered from 2,214 specimens were assessed using the MALDI protocol. Compared with standard protocols, the MALDI protocol provided identifications 1.45 days earlier on average (
P
< 0.001). In our laboratory, we anticipate that the incorporation of the MALDI protocol can reduce reagent and labor costs of identification by $102,424 or 56.9% within 12 months. The model included the fixed annual costs of the MALDI-TOF MS, such as the cost of protein standards and instrument maintenance, and the annual prevalence of organisms encountered in our laboratory. This comprehensive cost analysis model can be generalized to other moderate- to high-volume laboratories.
Cross-Species Transmission in the Speciation of the Currently Known Murinae-Associated Hantaviruses
Authors: Lin Xian-Dan , Wang Wen , Guo Wen-Ping , Zhang Xiao-He , Xing Jian-Guang , Chen Sheng-Ze , Li Ming-Hui , Chen Yi , Xu Jianguo , Plyusnin Alexander , Zhang Yong-Zhen 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTTo gain more insight into the phylogeny of Dabieshan virus (DBSV), carried byNiviventer confucianusand otherMurinae-associated hantaviruses, genome sequences of novel variants of DBSV were recovered fromNiviventerrats trapped in the mountainous areas of Wenzhou, China. Genetic analyses show that all known genetic variants of DBSV, including the ones identified in this study, are distinct from otherMurinae-associated hantaviruses. DBSV variants show geographic clustering and high intraspecies diversity. The data suggest that DBSV is a distinct species in the genusHantavirus. Interestingly, DBSV shows the highest sequence identity to Hantaan virus (HTNV), with a >7% difference in the sequences of the N, GPC, and L proteins, whileN. confucianusis more closely related toRattus norvegicus(the host of Seoul virus [SEOV]) than toApodemus agrarius(the host of HTNV and Saaremaa virus [SAAV]). Further genetic analyses of all knownMurinae-associated hantaviruses (both established and tentative species) show that many of them, including DBSV, may have originated from host switching. The estimation of evolutionary rates and divergence time supports the role of cross-species transmission in the evolution ofMurinae-associated hantaviruses. The detection of positive selection suggests that genetic drift may contribute to the speciation ofMurinae-associated hantaviruses and that adaptation has a role as well.