bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in investments in global energy research, development, and demonstration
Authors: Gallagher Kelly Sims , Anadon Laura Diaz , Kempener Ruud , Wilson Charlie 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRecent national trends in investments in global energy research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) are inconsistent around the world. Public RD&D investments in energy are the metric most commonly used in international comparative assessments of energy‐technology innovation, and the metric employed in this article. Overall, the data indicate that International Energy Agency (IEA) member country government investments have been volatile: they peaked in the late 1970s, declined during the subsequent two decades, bottomed out in 1997, and then began to gradually grow again during the 2000s. The allocation of funding for different energy‐technology areas also varies hugely across different countries, but investments in fossil fuel and nuclear technologies continue to dominate spending. We have very poor data for private investments, but it is very likely that they have decreased as a result of the recent recession. Despite their increasing significance in the world's energy sector, little is known about public or private energy innovation investments in the rapidly developing countries. None of the six ‘BRIMCS’ countries reviewed here are members of the IEA, which is one of the few agencies that collects international statistical data on energy RD&D budgets. Like energy RD&D patterns in the United States and other IEA countries, BRIMCS country energy RD&D appears to take place predominantly in fossil fuel and nuclear technologies. WIREs Clim Change 2011 2 373–396 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.112This article is categorized under:

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: clinical course and genetic studies in Spanish patients
Authors: Pérez‐Poyato María‐Socorro , Milà Recansens Montserrat , Ferrer Abizanda Isidre , Montero Sánchez Raquel , Rodríguez‐Revenga Laia , Cusí Sánchez Victoria , García González M. Mar , Domingo Jiménez Rosario , Camino León Rafael , Velázquez Fragua Ramón , Martínez‐Bermejo Antonio , Pineda Marfà Mercè 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL, NCL3, Batten disease) is usually caused by a 1.02‐kb deletion in the CLN3 gene. Mutations in the CLN1 gene may be associated with a variant form of JNCL (vJNCL). We report the clinical course and molecular studies in 24 patients with JNCL collected from 1975 to 2010 with the aim of assessing the natural history of the disorder and phenotype/genotype correlations.Patients and methodsPatients were classified into the groups of vJNCL with mutations in the CLN1 gene and/or granular osmiophilic deposit (GROD) inclusion bodies (n = 11) and classic JNCL (cJNCL) with mutations in the CLN3 gene and/or fingerprint (FP) profiles (n = 13). Psychomotor impairment included regression of acquired skills, cognitive decline, and clinical manifestations of the disease. We used Kaplan‐Meier analyses to estimate the age of onset of psychomotor impairment.ResultsPatients with vJNCL showed learning delay at an earlier age (median 4 years, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1–4.8) than those in the cJNCL group (median 8 years, 95% CI 6.2–9.7) (P = 0.001) and regression of acquired skills at a younger age. Patients with vJNCL showed a more severe and progressive clinical course than those with cJNCL. There may be a Gypsy ancestry for V181L missense mutation in the CLN1 gene.ConclusionsThe rate of disease progression may be useful to diagnose vJNCL or cJNCL, which should be confirmed by molecular studies in CLN1/CLN3 genes. Further studies of genotype/phenotype correlation will be helpful for understanding the pathogenesis of this disease.
Haplotype variation in the ACE gene in global populations, with special reference to India, and an alternative model of evolution of haplotypes
Authors: Farheen Shabana , Basu Analabha , Majumder Partha P. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) is known to be associated with human cardiovascular and psychiatric pathophysiology. We have undertaken a global survey of the haplotypes in ACE gene to study diversity and to draw inferences on the nature of selective forces that may be operating on this gene. We have investigated the haplotype profiles reconstructed using polymorphisms in the regulatory (rs4277405, rs4459609, rs1800764, rs4292, rs4291), exonic (rs4309, rs4331, rs4343), and intronic (rs4340; Alu [I/D]) regions covering 17.8 kb of the ACE gene. We genotyped these polymorphisms in a large number of individuals drawn from 15 Indian ethnic groups and estimated haplotype frequencies. We compared the Indian data with available data from other global populations. Globally, five major haplotypes were observed. High-frequency haplotypes comprising mismatching alleles at the loci considered were seen in all populations. The three most frequent haplotypes among Africans were distinct from the major haplotypes of other world populations. We have studied the evolution of the two major haplotypes (TATATTGIA and CCCTCCADG), one of which contains an Alu insertion (I) and the other a deletion (D), seen most frequently among Caucasians (68%), non-African HapMap populations (65–88%), and Indian populations (70–95%) in detail. The two major haplotypes among Caucasians are reported to represent two distinct clades A and B. Earlier studies have postulated that a third clade C (represented by the haplotypes TACATCADG and TACATCADA) arose from an ancestral recombination event between A and B. We find that a more parsimonious explanation is that clades A and B have arisen by recombination between haplotypes belonging to clade C and a high-frequency African haplotype CCCTTCGIA. The haplotypes, which according to our hypothesis are the putative non-recombinants (PuNR), are uncommon in all non-African populations (frequency range 0–12%). Conversely, the frequencies of the putative recombinant haplotypes (PuR) are very low in the Africans populations (2–8%), indicating that the recombination event is likely to be ancient and arose before, perhaps shortly prior to, the global dispersal of modern humans. The global frequency spectrum of the PuR and the PuNR is difficult to explain only by drift. It appears likely that the ACE gene has been undergoing a combination of different selective pressures.
Laparoscopic salpingo‐oophorectomy for ovarian ablation in women with hormone‐sensitive breast cancer
Authors: Haldar Krishnayan , Giamougiannis Panagiotis , Wilson Charles , Crawford Robin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate institutional experiences regarding laparoscopic salpingo‐oophorectomy in breast cancer patients and to compare the technique with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs among premenopausal women with hormone‐sensitive breast cancer.MethodsBetween 2004 and 2009, 103 women with breast cancer underwent laparoscopic salpingo‐oophorectomy at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. All relevant medical records—including reasons for salpingo‐oophorectomy, peri‐operative events, and subsequent follow‐up—were reviewed.ResultsIn the study period, 3 (2.9%) women experienced a recurrence of breast cancer but none had primary peritoneal/ovarian cancer within a median follow‐up interval of 34 months (range, 0–70 months). No operative complications were noted among these women and all of them went home on the day of their operation.ConclusionLaparoscopic salpingo‐oophorectomy seems to be a safe, permanent, and cost‐effective method of ovarian ablation compared with the use of GnRH analogs. Salpingo‐oophorectomy also considerably reduces the risk of subsequent ovarian/fallopian tube malignancy in this high‐risk population.
Contrasting rule‐based and similarity‐based category learning: The effects of mood and prior knowledge on ambiguous categorization
Authors: Noseworthy Theodore J. , Goode Miranda R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study adopts a dual‐system view of category learning. The findings suggest that consumers who learn a dominant feature as a verbal rule for a product category will classify a new ambiguous product according to that feature even if it more closely resembles a different product category. The findings also demonstrate that dominant features can bias categorization toward a less prototypical category in the event that the new product breaks the rule. We refer to this phenomenon as criterial inferencing. Lastly, we offer unique empirical evidence to suggest that mood influences category learning and thus attenuates the criterial inferencing bias.
Aortobronchial fistula after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer—A very rare complication
Authors: Li Hsien‐Pin , Hsieh Chong‐Chao , Chiang Hung‐Hsing , Wang Tung‐Heng , Lee Jui‐Ying , Huang Meei‐Feng , Chou Shah‐Hwa 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMost aorto‐respiratory fistulas are related to aortic pathology or procedures, but fistula formation after esophageal resection has never been reported in the literature. We are now reporting a case of hemoptysis that occurred after esophagectomy for locally advanced esophageal cancer. Aortobronchial fistula was detected by computed tomography scan. The patient was finally saved by emergency surgery—Dacron graft interposition of the descending thoracic aorta. There was no malignant cell in the postoperative specimen of the fistula. The erosion of the ligaclips (Johnson & Johnson) might be responsible for the aortobronchial fistula formation. For esophageal surgery, avoidance of trauma to aortic wall and careful using of ligaclips are important to circumvent this complication.
Erfolgreiche Prävention braucht eine geschlechtergerechte Ansprache
Authors: Deitermann Bernhilde , Patzelt Christiane , Heim Susanne , Krauth Christian , Theile Gudrun , Hummers-Pradier Eva , Walter Ulla 
Published: April 2011

Einleitung
Um die Bevölkerung zur Teilnahme an Präventionsmaßnahmen zu gewinnen, kommt es nicht nur auf einen geeignete Zugangsweg an, über den die Zielgruppe erreicht werden kann, sondern auch auf eine zielgruppengerechte Ansprache. Obwohl die ältere Bevölkerung als Zielgruppe erkannt wird und sich mittlerweile vielfältige Ansätze auf Bundes- und Landesebene sowie im kommunalen Bereich etabliert haben, sind die Ausrichtung der Präventionsprogramme und die Ansprache häufig nicht zielgruppenspezifisch. Innerhalb der älteren Bevölkerungsgruppe wird selten nach Lebens- und Problemlagen differenziert und die Kategorie Geschlecht wird dabei kaum berücksichtigt.
Export pricing and the cross‐country correlation of stock prices
Authors: Tervala Juha 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study analyses the cross‐country correlation of stock prices (values of firms) using the basic New Open Economy Macroeconomics model. It is shown that cross‐country correlations of stock prices greatly depend on the currency of export pricing in the case of monetary shocks but not notably for temporary technology shocks. In the case of a money supply shock, the producer (local) currency pricing version of the model generates negative (positive) cross‐country correlation of stock prices.
Associated terrestrial and marine fossils in the late-glacial Presumpscot Formation, southern Maine, USA, and the marine reservoir effect on radiocarbon ages
Authors: Thompson Woodrow B. , Griggs Carol B. , Miller Norton G. , Nelson Robert E. , Weddle Thomas K. , Kilian Taylor M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractExcavations in the late-glacial Presumpscot Formation at Portland, Maine, uncovered tree remains and other terrestrial organics associated with marine invertebrate shells in a landslide deposit. Buds ofPopulus balsamifera(balsam poplar) occurred with twigs ofPicea glauca(white spruce) in the Presumpscot clay. Tree rings inPicealogs indicate that the trees all died during winter dormancy in the same year. Ring widths show patterns of variation indicating responses to environmental changes. Fossil mosses and insects represent a variety of species and wet to dry microsites. The late-glacial environment at the site was similar to that of today's Maine coast. Radiocarbon ages of 14 tree samples are 11,907 ± 31 to 11,650 ± 5014C yr BP. Wiggle matching of dated tree-ring segments to radiocarbon calibration data sets dates the landslide occurrence atca.13,520 + 95/−20 cal yr BP. Ages of shells juxtaposed with the logs are 12,850 ± 6514C yr BP (Mytilus edulis) and 12,800 ± 5514C yr BP (Balanussp.), indicating a marine reservoir age of about 1000 yr. Using this value to correct previously published radiocarbon ages reduces the discrepancy between the Maine deglaciation chronology and the varve-based chronology elsewhere in New England.
Marketing Journals and Asia-Pacific Marketing Academics
Authors: Polonsky Michael Jay , Waller David S. 
Published: April 2011

This paper is an exploratory study into marketing journals, their uses by, and importance to Asia-Pacific marketing academics. A problem for marketing academics in the Pacific Rim is to find journals to publish in and to support their research. In an attempt to understand the role of journals to academics, a survey was conducted of academics teaching marketing and related areas in Australia, New Zealand and Asia. Academics were asked why they use journals and which journals are the most important to them in the following three categories: 1. importance/prestige to general marketing theory; 2. importance to marketing in the Asia-Pacific Rim; 3. importance to the academics own research; Although it was an exploratory study, some particular attitudes to academic journals and publishing have arisen. This study will hopefully stimulate more research in this area.
Business and Marketing Education in USA - Criticisms and Innovations
Authors: Valos Michael , Alford Geoff 
Published: April 2011

The objective of this paper is to provide Australian business and marketing educators with ideas which may cause them to re-examine their curricula and pedagogy from a “zero base”. The paper principally attempts to do this by (a) providing examples of criticisms of the knowledge and skills of business school graduates, and of business school curricula, pedagogy and teaching staff, and (b) providing examples of innovative responses to these criticisms by USA business and marketing schools. Some European examples are also described, which allow a contrast with USA. This paper may be especially pertinent at this time, given the recent mergers of CAE institutions with traditional universities in Australia, and the resulting tension between research and teaching foci. In addition, universities are being confronted by pressures to adopt “quality” and “customer service” philosophies in education, and to rely less on government and more on industry sources for funding.
Ruminal methane inhibition potential of various pure compounds in comparison with garlic oil as determined with a rumen simulation technique (Rusitec)
Authors: Soliva Carla R. , Amelchanka Sergej L. , Duval Stéphane M. , Kreuzer Michael 
Published: April 2011

Ruminants represent an important source of methane (CH4) emissions; therefore, CH4mitigation by diet supplementation is a major goal in the current ruminant research. The objective of the present study was to use a rumen simulation technique to evaluate the CH4-mitigating potential of pure compounds in comparison with that achieved with garlic oil, a known anti-methanogenic supplement. A basal diet (15 g DM/d) consisting of ryegrass hay, barley and soyabean meal (1:0·7:0·3) was incubated with the following additives: none (negative control); garlic oil (300 mg/l incubation liquid; positive control); allyl isothiocyanate (75 mg/l); lovastatin (150 mg/l); chenodeoxycholic acid (150 mg/l); 3-azido-propionic acid ethyl ester (APEE, 150 mg/l); levulinic acid (300 mg/l); 4-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-benzoic acid (PABA, 300 mg/l). Fermentation profiles (SCFA, microbial counts and N turnover) and H2and CH4formation were determined. Garlic oil, allyl isothiocyanate, lovastatin and the synthetic compound APEE decreased the absolute daily CH4formation by 91, 59, 42 and 98 %, respectively. The corresponding declines in CH4emitted per mmol of SCFA were 87, 32, 40 and 99 %, respectively, compared with the negative control; the total SCFA concentration was unaffected. Garlic oil decreased protozoal numbers and increased bacterial counts, while chenodeoxycholic acid completely defaunated the incubation liquid.In vitro, neutral-detergent fibre disappearance was lower following chenodeoxycholic acid and PABA treatments ( − 26 and − 18 %, respectively). In conclusion, garlic oil and APEE were extremely efficient at mitigating CH4without noticeably impairing microbial nutrient fermentation. Other promising substances were allyl isothiocyanate and lovastatin.
Timing of uplift in the Zagros belt/Iranian plateau and accommodation of late Cenozoic Arabia–Eurasia convergence
Authors: MOUTHEREAU F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe motion of Arabia was stable with respect to Eurasia over the past 22 Ma. Deformation and exhumation in the Zagros is seen to initiate at the same time as argued by new detrital thermochronologic constraints and increasing accumulation rates in synorogenic sediments. A recent magnetostratigraphic dating of the Bakhtyari conglomerates in the northern Fars region of the Zagros further suggests that shortening and uplift in the Zagros Folded Belt accelerated after 12.4 Ma. Available temporal constraints from surrounding collision belts indicate that shortening and uplift focused in regions bordering the Iranian plateau to the south between 15 and 5 Ma. As boundary velocity was kept constant this requires concomitant decreasing strain rates in the Iranian plateau. Slab detachment has been proposed to explain the observed changes as well as mantle delamination, but the insignificant change in the Arabian slab motion and lack of unambiguous constraints make both hypotheses difficult to account for. It is proposed based on a review of shortening estimates provided throughout the Arabia–Eurasia collision that the total 440 km of convergence predicted by geodesy and plate reconstruction over the past 22 Ma can be accounted for by distributed shortening. I suggest that the topography and expansion of the Iranian plateau over Late Miocene–Pliocene time can be reproduced by the progressive thickening of the originally thin Iranian continental lithosphere presumably thermally weakened during the Eocene extensional and magmatic event.
Perception of long-distance coarticulation: An event-related potential and behavioral study
Authors: GROSVALD MICHAEL , CORINA DAVID 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIn this study we explore listeners' sensitivity to vowel to vowel (VV) coarticulation, using both event-related potential (ERP) and behavioral methodologies. The stimuli used were vowels “colored” by the coarticulatory influence of other vowels across one, three or five intervening segments. The paradigm used in the ERP portion of the study was intended to elicit the mismatch-negativity (MMN) component, a negative deflection typically seen at central midline scalp sites about 200 ms after the presentation of a “deviant” acoustic stimulus occurring among a train of “standard” acoustic stimuli. VV coarticulation at near and medium distances was associated with significant MMN-like effects, which however were not observed in response to the longest distance coarticulatory contrasts. Subjects' ERP results did not predict their performance on the behavioral task, which found evidence of listener sensitivity to even the furthest distance coarticulatory effects. Although the MMN has previously been shown to be sensitive to phonemic contrasts, this is the first study using ERP methodology to investigate the subphonemic processing associated with the perception of coarticulation.
Meningococcal disease in Asia: an under-recognized public health burden
Authors: VYSE A. , WOLTER J. M. , CHEN J. , NG T. , SORIANO-GABARRO M. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYA literature search traced existing information on meningococcal disease in Asia. Reviewed data describing the epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Asia are incomplete, due in part to absence of surveillance in many countries, poor bacterial detection methods and social and healthcare barriers to disease reporting. This suggests that meningococcal disease in some Asian countries may be under-recognized, with a need to introduce/improve existing surveillance and case identification systems. Nevertheless, in some developing Asian countries, the disease burden may be significant. Serogroup A meningococcal epidemics are responsible for high morbidity and mortality in some countries and continue to be an ongoing threat, particularly in developing countries. There is an increasing role played by serogroups C, Y, and W-135 in invasive disease, indicating evolving meningococcal disease epidemiology in some countries. Multivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccines offer new opportunities in the region for reducing the meningococcal disease burden.
A Holocene palaeoenviromental study of a sediment core from Ile de la Possession, Iles Crozet, sub-Antarctica
Authors: Ooms Marijke , van de Vijver Bart , Temmerman Stijn , Beyens Louis 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIle de la Possession is one of the few islands in the southern Indian Ocean, making the island a valuable place to reconstruct past environmental and climatic changes. In this study a peat sediment core was analysed to reconstruct the changes that occurred before, during and after the eruption of the Morne Rouge (10 000–5500 14C yr bp) volcano. In addition to sedimentological analyses, diatom communities were used to reconstruct humidity and altitude, based on existing transfer functions. Radiocarbon dating of a tephra layer showed that the Morne Rouge volcano erupted between 6700–6600 cal. yr bp, giving a much more precise time scale for this event. The eruption was preceded by a tsunami flooding, indicated by the high numbers of marine diatoms found immediately before the tephra layer. After the eruption pioneer diatom species recolonized the coring site. Evidence is presented of the late climatic optimum around 3050 cal. yr bp, preceded by a cooling event until 6600 cal. yr bp. Nutrient input from elephant seals and wandering albatrosses obscured the climate signal for the last 600 cal yr bp.
Do positive and negative temperament traits interact in predicting risk for depression? A resting EEG study of 329 preschoolers
Authors: Shankman Stewart A. , Klein Daniel N. , Torpey Dana C. , Olino Thomas M. , Dyson Margaret W. , Kim Jiyon , Durbin C. Emily , Nelson Brady D. , Tenke Craig E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractResearchers have long been interested in whether particular temperamental traits in childhood connote risk for depressive disorders. For example, children characterized as having high negative emotionality (NE; sadness, fear, anger) and low positive emotionality (PE; anhedonia, listlessness, and lack of enthusiasm) are hypothesized to be at risk for depression. Few studies, however, have examined whether (and how) these two temperamental dimensions interact to confer risk. In a sample of 329 preschoolers, the present study addressed this question by examining the relation between PE and NE and asymmetry in resting EEG activity in frontal and posterior regions, which are putative biomarkers for depression. Using a laboratory battery to define temperament, we found an interaction of PE and NE on posterior asymmetry. Specifically, when PE was high, NE was associated with greater relative right activity. When PE was low, NE was not related to posterior asymmetry. These results were driven by differences in EEG activity in right posterior regions, an area associated with emotional processing and arousal, and were specific to girls. We found no relation between temperament and frontal asymmetry. These findings suggest that, at least for girls, PE and NE may have an interactive effect on risk for depression.