bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's Disclosure and Secrecy: Links to Maternal Parenting Characteristics and Children's Coping Skills
Authors: Almas Alisa N. , Grusec Joan E. , Tackett Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe relations between maternal parenting characteristics, child disclosure and secrecy, and child outcomes (positive and negative strategies for coping with distress), were examined in a study of 140 children (10–12‐year‐olds) and their mothers. Child disclosure and secrecy were shown to be distinct but related constructs with authoritativeness predictive of disclosure and dispositional anger predictive of secrecy. These relations held even when child compliance was included as a control variable. Mothers' authoritative parenting predicted disclosure which in turn predicted children's use of positive coping strategies. Mothers' dispositional anger predicted secrecy which mediated the relation between maternal anger and children's use of negative coping strategies. Results are discussed in terms of parent–child communication and opportunities for mothers to use knowledge gained from child disclosure to teach children successful ways of dealing with distress.
The Monty Hall problem is not a probability puzzle* (It's a challenge in mathematical modelling)
Authors: Gill Richard D. 
Published: January 2011

Suppose you're on a game show, and you're given the choice of three doors: Behind one door is a car; behind the others, goats. You pick a door, say No. 1, and the host, who knows what's behind the doors, opens another door, say No. 3, which has a goat. He then says to you, ‘Do you want to pick door No. 2?’ Is it to your advantage to switch your choice?The answer is ‘yes’ but the literature offers many reasons why this is the correct answer. This article argues that the most common reasoning found in introductory statistics texts, depending on making a number of ‘obvious’ or ‘natural’ assumptions and then computing a conditional probability, is a classical example of solution driven science. The best reason to switch is to be found in von Neumann's minimax theorem from game theory, rather than in Bayes’ theorem.
COLOUR SYMBOLISM IN THE PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE OF CENTRAL ANATOLIA AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF RED OCHRE IN CHALCOLITHIC ÇATALHÖYÜK
Authors: ERDOGU BURCIN , ULUBEY AYDIN 
Published: January 2011

SummaryThe use of red ochre in the prehistoric architecture of Central Anatolia has long been recognized. Scholars have often argued that its use in architecture has a symbolic role, and that it has been used in sacred parts of ritual buildings. This paper examines red‐painted buildings in the prehistoric settlements of Central Anatolia. Recently, a building with red‐coloured plastered walls and floors was found in Chalcolithic Çatalhöyük West. The technique of Raman Spectroscopy has been applied to identify the red pigment and results show that it is red ochre, which contains predominantly hematite, Fe2O3.
PHOENICIAN TRADE IN THE NORTH‐EAST OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA: A HISTORIOGRAPHICAL PROBLEM
Authors: RUBERT D. GARCIA I , ALONSO F. GRACIA 
Published: January 2011

SummaryIn this work the authors make a synthesis of the updated studies on Phoenician trade in the north‐eastern area of the Iberian Peninsula during the seventh and sixth centuries BC. Also presented are the lines of research, and their latest developments, pursued by the teams of researchers that work in this field.
THE FUNCTIONAL AND SYMBOLIC USES OF SPACE IN WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN PROTOHISTORY: THE PECH MAHO EXAMPLE (SIGEAN, WESTERN LANGUEDOC, FRANCE)
Authors: BELARTE MARIA CARME , GAILLEDRAT ERIC , PRINCIPAL JORDI 
Published: January 2011

SummaryThe aim of this paper is to put forward a reinterpretation of several complex domestic units at the Iberian oppidum of Pech Maho (Sigean, western Languedoc, France), dating from the sixth to the third centuries BC.A complementary study of the features and artefacts included in each house leads to the characterization of spaces, the contextualization of activities and the construction of identities within the domestic areas, as well as their diachronic evolution.The long life of the site meant that several of the houses were rebuilt and their concept and use rethought. In many cases, the apparent incoherency between the features and the artefacts can be interpreted as a reflection of these changes. In the final period of the settlement, a drastic change in the use of certain buildings hints at the complete dissolution of several domestic units, before their final destruction by a fire in the context of the Roman conquest.
RAVENS AND CROWS IN IRON AGE AND ROMAN BRITAIN
Authors: SERJEANTSON D. , MORRIS J. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryThe raven and crow skeletons from Danebury are re‐examined, taking into account their taphonomy, their context and the associated finds. Raven and crow burials from other Iron Age and Roman sites are surveyed, again with a discussion of their context and associated finds where these could be ascertained. Taken together, the evidence makes it clear that most if not all were deliberate burials, often at the base of pits. We demonstrate how interpretations of such burials have changed, with zooarchaeologists initially proposing functional explanations and archaeologists readier to accept that the burials were deliberate. We go on to argue that the unique character of ravens and crows, including their tolerance of humans, their scavenging habits, and their voice, led to their playing an important role in Iron Age and Roman rites and beliefs.
Genetic polymorphisms of drug‐metabolizing phase I enzymes CYP2E1, CYP2A6 and CYP3A5 in South Indian population
Authors: Krishnakumar D. , Gurusamy Umamaheswaran , Dhandapani Kayathri , Surendiran A. , Baghel Ruchi , Kukreti Ritushree , Gangadhar Reneega , Prayaga Ushakiran , Manjunath S. , Adithan C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCYP2E1, CYP2A6 and CYP3A5 enzymes belong to phase I group of drug‐metabolizing enzymes, which are involved in the metabolism of various compounds and xenobiotics. Presence of polymorphisms in the genes coding for these enzymes results in interindividual variations in drug metabolism, therapeutic response and susceptibility towards various diseases. The frequencies of these variants in genes differ considerably between ethnic groups. This study was carried out to estimate the allele and genotype frequencies of common variants in CYP2E1, CYP2A6 and CYP3A5 in South Indian population. Six hundred and fifty‐two unrelated healthy volunteers of South Indian origin (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu) were included in this study. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism, allele‐specific PCR, real‐time PCR, SNaPshot and gene sequencing methods were used for the identification of gene polymorphisms. The frequencies of CYP2E1*1B, CYP2E1*5B and CYP2E1*6 alleles in South Indian population were 14.3, 1.3 and 22.4%, respectively. The frequencies of CYP2A6*2, CYP2A6*4A and CYP2A6*5 alleles were found to be 1, 8.9 and 0.7%, respectively. The distribution of CYP3A5*3 allele was 63.5%. There were no variant alleles of CYP3A5*2, CYP3A5*4 and CYP3A5*6 in South Indian population. The frequencies of CYP2E1, CYP2A6 and CYP3A5 in the South Indian population are distinct from Caucasians, Chinese, Japanese, African Americans and other compared populations. This is the first study conducted in the South Indian population with a larger sample size. The findings of our study provide the basic genetic information for further pharmacogenomic investigations in the population.
Relations between open‐field, elevated plus‐maze, and emergence tests in  C57BL/6JIco and BALB/cAnN@Ico mice injected with ethanol
Authors: Lalonde R. , Strazielle C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe effects of ethanol were examined on three tests of exploratory activity in two mouse strains. Although ethanol reduced open‐field rearing in both strains, it increased ambulation only in the less active BALB/cAnN@Ico strain, not in the C57BL/6JIco strain. Likewise, ethanol increased open and enclosed arm entries in the elevated plus‐maze only in the more anxious BALB/cAnN@Ico strain. However, both strains injected with ethanol emerged faster than placebo from a small chamber at doses not affecting behaviors in the other two tests. Significant correlations were found between emergence latencies on one hand and either slow stereotyped movements or open and enclosed arm entries on the other. The strain‐specific effects may be attributable to differences in GABAA‐related receptor binding or catalase activity.
Medication prescribing errors pertaining to cardiovascular/antidiabetic medications: a prescription audit in primary care
Authors: Al Khaja Khalid A.J. , Sequeira Reginald P. , Damanhori Awatif H.H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study was carried out to identify the medication prescribing errors (MPEs) pertaining to cardiovascular/antidiabetic medications in prescriptions issued to hypertensive and diabetic hypertensive patients. A retrospective, nationwide audit of prescriptions (n = 2773) issued by primary care physicians (n = 194) of 20 health centres in Bahrain was carried out. Approximately one‐quarter of prescriptions ordered by two‐thirds of primary care physicians had errors. No significant differences with respect to overall errors were evident in prescriptions ordered by the family physicians and general practitioners. The most common error (in 8.0% of prescriptions) was prescribing β‐blockers or diuretics (thiazide) or their combinations to patients on lipid‐lowering drugs. Prescribing multiple antihypertensives, often with a similar mechanism, accounted for 2.2% errors: approximately half of these (1.45%) were two angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) co‐prescribed and/or ACEIs plus angiotensin‐II receptor blockers. In 0.7% of prescriptions, β‐blockers were ordered to patients on salbutamol treatment. High‐dose metformin (3 g/day) was prescribed to approximately 4% diabetic hypertensives; of these, many were elderly patients. Prescribing high‐dose glibenclamide (median dose 15 mg) to the elderly accounted for 3.6% of the overall errors. Polypharmacy, such as aspirin along with an immediate‐release dipyridamole, was prescribed occasionally (0.25%), particularly by the general practitioners (P = 0.0139). MPEs are common in primary care, in Bahrain. Some of these prescribing errors have the potential to harm patients. Effective measures to detect and prevent such errors are needed to improve the quality of health care. Standard treatment guidelines and educational interventions are important strategies to achieve these goals.
Contribution of Rho‐kinase to membrane excitability of murine colonic smooth muscle
Authors: Bayguinov O , Dwyer L , Kim H , Marklew A , Sanders KM , Koh SD 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Rho‐kinase pathway regulates agonist‐induced contractions in several smooth muscles, including the intestine, urinary bladder and uterus, via dynamic changes in the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus. However, there is evidence that Rho‐kinase also modulates other cellular effectors such as ion channels.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the regulation of colonic smooth muscle excitability by Rho‐kinase using conventional microelectrode recording, isometric force measurements and patch‐clamp techniques.KEY RESULTS The Rho‐kinase inhibitors, Y‐27632 and H‐1152, decreased nerve‐evoked on‐ and off‐contractions elicited at a range of frequencies and durations. The Rho‐kinase inhibitors decreased the spontaneous contractions and the responses to carbachol and substance P independently of neuronal inputs, suggesting Y‐27632 acts directly on smooth muscle. The Rho‐kinase inhibitors significantly reduced the depolarization in response to carbachol, an effect that cannot be due to regulation of Ca2+ sensitization. Patch‐clamp experiments showed that Rho‐kinase inhibitors reduce GTPγS‐activated non‐selective cation currents.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The Rho‐kinase inhibitors decreased contractions evoked by nerve stimulation, carbachol and substance P. These effects were not solely due to inhibition of the Ca2+ sensitization pathway, as the Rho‐kinase inhibitors also inhibited the non‐selective cation conductances activated by excitatory transmitters. Thus, Rho‐kinase may regulate smooth muscle excitability mechanisms by regulating non‐selective cation channels as well as changing the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus.
Honokiol ameliorates renal fibrosis by inhibiting extracellular matrix and pro‐inflammatory factors in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Chiang Chih‐Kang , Sheu Meei‐Ling , Lin Yi‐Wei , Wu Cheng‐Tien , Yang Chin‐Ching , Chen Min‐Wei , Hung Kuan‐Yu , Wu Kuan‐Dun , Liu Shing‐Hwa 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Renal fibrosis acts as the common pathway leading to the development of end‐stage renal disease. The present study investigated, in vivo and in vitro, the anti‐fibrotic and anti‐inflammatory effects, particularly on the epithelial to mesenchymal transition of renal tubular cells, exerted by honokiol, a phytochemical used in traditional medicine, and mechanisms underlying these effects.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Anti‐fibrotic effects in vivo were assayed in a rat model of renal fibrosis [the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model]. A rat tubular epithelial cell line (NRK‐52E) was stimulated by transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and treated with honokiol to explore possible mechanisms of these anti‐fibrotic effects. Gene or protein expression was analysed by Northern or Western blotting. Transcriptional regulation was investigated using luciferase activity driven by a connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) promoter.KEY RESULTS Honokiol slowed development of renal fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro. Honokiol treatment attenuated tubulointerstitial fibrosis and expression of pro‐fibrotic factors in the UUO model. Honokiol also decreased expression of the mRNA for the chemokine CCL2 and for the intracellular adhesion molecule‐1, as well as accumulation of type I (α1) collagen and fibronectin in UUO kidneys. Phosphorylation of Smad‐2/3 induced by TGF‐β1 and CTGF luciferase activity in renal tubular cells were also inhibited by honokiol.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Honokiol suppressed expression of pro‐fibrotic and pro‐inflammatory factors and of extracellular matrix proteins. Honokiol may become a therapeutic agent to prevent renal fibrosis.
Hesperedin promotes MyoD‐induced myogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Jeong Hana , Lee Joo Yeon , Jang Eun Jung , Lee Eun Hye , Bae Myung Ae , Hong Jeong‐Ho , Hwang Eun Sook 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The bioflavonoid, hesperedin, promotes osteoblast differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells, indicating an anabolic effect of hesperedin on bone metabolism. Murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells undergo myogenic differentiation as well as osteogenic differentiation. We therefore explored whether hesperedin modulates muscle cell differentiation.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Myoblast C2C12 cells were differentiated into muscle cells in the presence or absence of hesperedin. The effects of hesperedin on myogenic differentiation were determined by analysing specific muscle markers in vitro using reporter gene assays, immunoblotting, RT‐PCR and DNA pull‐down assays. In vivo, the effects of hesperedin were assessed using the freeze injury‐induced muscle regeneration model in mice and daily injections of hesperedin for 6 days.KEY RESULTS Hesperedin promoted myogenic differentiation, in a dose‐dependent manner, by increasing myogenin gene expression. MyoD‐induced myogenin gene transcription was enhanced by hesperedin, as this bioflavonoid augmented the nuclear localization and myogenin promoter‐binding of MyoD. In addition, hesperedin increased myogenin and muscle creatine kinase gene expression during myogenic differentiation from C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells in a MyoD‐dependent manner and accelerated in vivo muscle regeneration induced by muscle injury.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results demonstrate that hesperedin promoted myogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo through activation of MyoD‐mediated myogenin expression, suggesting a beneficial role in promoting muscle regeneration, following injury.
Is a regenerative approach viable for the treatment of COPD?
Authors: Hind Matthew , Maden Malcolm 
Published: January 2011

Degenerative lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common with huge worldwide morbidity. Anti‐inflammatory drug development strategies have proved disappointing and current treatment is aimed at symptomatic relief. Only lung transplantation with all its attendant difficulties offers hope of cure and the outlook for affected patients is bleak. Lung regeneration therapies aim to reverse the structural and functional deficits in COPD either by delivery of exogenous lung cells to replace lost tissue, delivery of exogenous stem cells to induce a local paracrine effect probably through an anti‐inflammatory action or by the administration of small molecules to stimulate the endogenous regenerative ability of lung cells. In animal models of emphysema and disrupted alveolar development each of these strategies has shown some success but there are potential tumour‐inducing dangers with a cellular approach. Small molecules such as all‐trans retinoic acid have been successful in animal models although the mechanism is not completely understood. There are currently two Pharma‐sponsored trials in progress concerning patients with COPD, one of a specific retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist and another using mesenchymal stem cells.LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Respiratory Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.163.issue‐1
Digital close range photogrammetry for 3D body scanning for custom‐made garments
Authors: Percoco Gianluca 
Published: January 2011

Abstract Among several biometric applications, one of those currently attracting great interest is the possibility of carrying out 3D digitisation of human individuals to analyse their physical characteristics. These characteristics can be used for several purposes, such as security, medicine and tailoring for custom‐made clothing. In recent years, although the development of online 3D scanning systems has been accelerating fast, little work has been devoted to offline systems, which would be particularly suitable for the textile and clothing industries. In the present research the author presents a specially designed low‐cost offline 3D body digitiser, based on digital close range photogrammetry. A specially designed photogrammetric 3D scanner of the human body is presented, featuring automatic image processing procedures. The scanning system consists of eight cameras with a resolution of 5 megapixels, equipped with 16 mm wide‐angle lenses; there are four white‐light illuminators, of 100 W each. Tests on a tailor’s dummy and on whole human bodies are reported, demonstrating the usefulness of the technique for textile applications. The digitisations performed on human bodies generally yield worse results than the corresponding ones on the dummy, and full body digitisations are worse than corset digitisations owing to the lower point density and to target distortion. Nevertheless, the results are satisfactory for tailoring applications that do not require high accuracies.
Migrainous Complex Hallucinations in a 17‐Year‐Old Adolescent
Authors: Daniel Clement , Donnet Anne 
Published: January 2011

(Headache 2011;51:999‐1001)Olfactory hallucinations have been reported in association with numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders, in particular as a component of partial complex seizure and psychiatric disorders, but are rarely described in migraine disease. We report the case of an adolescent who reported complex hallucinations during a migraine attack.
Pathological Contrast Enhancement of the Oculomotor and Trigeminal Nerves Caused by Intracranial Hypotension Syndrome
Authors: Albayram Sait , Asik Murat , Hasiloglu Zehra Isik , Dikici Atilla Suleyman , Erdemli Halil Eren , Altintas Ayse 
Published: January 2011

(Headache 2011;51:804‐818)The typical symptom of intracranial hypotension syndrome is orthostatic headache. The headache may also be accompanied by neck pain and stiffness, low backache, radicular symptoms, quadriplegia, interscapular pain, nausea/vomiting, and cranial nerve involvement symptoms (hearing and visual problems, face pain and numbness, hypogeusia). Radiologically, on cranial magnetic resonance imaging, intracranial hypotension syndrome is characterized by dural thickening and contrast enhancement, subdural effusion, engorgement of the venous structures, sagging or downward displacement of the brain, and pituitary hyperemia. Although clinical findings related to cranial nerves 3 and 5 have been described in intracranial hypotension, pathological contrast enhancement of these nerves has not. We present a 32‐year‐old patient whose cranial magnetic resonance imaging shows bilateral pathological contrast enhancement of cranial nerves 3 and 5 and describe a new imaging finding in intracranial hypotension syndrome.
Frovatriptan as Preemptive Treatment for Fasting‐Induced Migraine
Authors: Latsko Meryl , Silberstein Stephen , Rosen Noah 
Published: January 2011

Objective.— To examine frovatriptan's efficacy as preemptive treatment for fasting‐induced migraine.Background.— Fasting is a common migraine trigger that cannot always be avoided. The development of a short‐term preemptive approach would be of benefit. Because of its longer half‐life, frovatriptan has been effectively used for short‐term daily use to prevent menstrually related migraines and might prove useful in the prevention of fasting‐induced migraine.Methods.— This was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized, parallel‐group trial.Subjects.— With a history of fasting‐induced episodic migraine were randomly assigned to receive either frovatriptan (5.0 mg) or placebo (ratio 1:1).Subjects.— Took a single dose of study medication at the start of their 20‐hour fast. Information about headache intensity, associated symptoms, and use of rescue medication was captured at defined time points from the start of the fast through 20 hours post‐fast.Results.— Of the 75 subjects screened, 74 subjects were randomized and 71 subjects completed the study. Demographic characteristics of the placebo and frovatriptan treatment groups were not statistically different. Thirty‐three subjects received active drug. Twelve (36.4%) developed a headache between 6 and 20 hours after the start of the fast (1/33 mild, 11/33 moderate or severe). In the placebo group, 18/34 (52.9%) developed a headache (4/34 mild, 14/34 moderate or severe). The difference between the 2 treatment groups did not achieve statistical significance; Pearson chi‐square, P = .172.Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed no difference between the 2 treatment groups with respect to the time of onset of headache of any intensity (log rank, P = .264) and for the time of onset of a moderate or severe intensity (log rank, P = .634).Conclusion.— More subjects on placebo developed a headache than those on frovatriptan. Perhaps because of the small number of subjects involved, the differences in headache incidences observed did not achieve statistical significance.