bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteolytic processing of certain CaaX motifs can occur in the absence of the Rce1p and Ste24p CaaX proteases
Authors: Krishnankutty Ranjith K. , Kukday Sayali S. , Castleberry Amanda J. , Breevoort Sarah R. , Schmidt Walter K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe CaaX motif directs C‐terminal protein modifications that include isoprenylation, proteolysis and carboxylmethylation. Proteolysis is generally believed to require either Rce1p or Ste24p. While investigating the substrate specificity of these proteases, using the yeast a‐factor mating pheromone as a reporter, we observed Rce1p‐ and Ste24p‐independent mating (RSM) when the CKQQ CaaX motif was used in lieu of the natural a‐factor CVIA motif. Uncharged or negatively charged amino acid substitutions at the a1 position of the CKQQ motif prevented RSM. Alanine substitutions at the a2 and X positions enhanced RSM. Random mutagenesis of the CaaX motif provided evidence that RSM occurs with approximately 1% of all possible CaaX motif permutations. Combined mutational and genetic data indicate that RSM‐promoting motifs have a positively charged amino acid at the a1 position. Two of nine naturally occurring yeast CaaX motifs conforming to this pattern promoted RSM. The activity of the isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase Ste14p was required for RSM, indicating that RSM‐promoting CaaX motifs are indeed proteolysed. RSM was enhanced by the overexpression of Axl1p or Ste23p, suggesting a role for these M16A subfamily metalloproteases in this process. We have also determined that an N‐terminal extension of the a‐factor precursor, which is typically removed by the yeast M16A enzymes, is required for optimal RSM. These observations suggest a model that involves targeting of the a‐factor precursor to the peptidosome cavity of M16A enzymes where subsequent interactions between RSM‐promoting CaaX motifs and the active site of the M16A enzyme lead to proteolytic cleavage. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Spectroscopic Studies of Dimorphic [Bu2Sn(O2AsMe2)2] and the Novel Dimethylthioarsinate [(Me2SnOSAsMe2)2O]2
Authors: Shihada Abdel‐Fattah , Al‐Aqarbeh Marwa , Weller Frank , Massa Werner 
Published: June 2009

Abstract[Bu2Sn(O2AsMe2)2] (1) and [(Me2SnOSAsMe2)2O]2 (2) have been synthesized by reactions of Bu2SnO and Me2SnS, respectively, with HO2AsMe2 in methanol. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, vibrational and mass spectra. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to occur in an orthorhombic form with the space group Pbca at 273 K, whereas at 100 K it crystallizes triclinic in $P{\bar 1}$ (1, LT form) as twin of a twin. Cell parameters are a = 10.0372(10), b = 9.7450(7), c = 19.6599(14)Å (1), and a = 9.8140(9), b = 9.8883(8), c = 19.1457(17)Å, α = 91.592(7)°, β = 93.048(7)°, and γ = 90.277(7)° (at 100 K). The unit cell dimensions of 2, crystallizing triclinic in $P{\bar 1}$, are: a = 7.1711(6), b = 11.8569(10), c = 12.7962(11)Å, α = 70.543(10)°, β = 73.859(10)°, and γ = 84.376(10)°. Compound 1 forms layers of twodimensional networks of (SnOAsO)4‐rings with the butyl groups pointing into the gaps of the next layer. The thioarsinate 2 forms dimeric molecules with ladder structure.
Modified Maximal Thymectomy for Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Predictors of Survival and Neurological Outcome in Patients with Thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Prokakis Christos , Koletsis Efstratios , Apostolakis Efstratios , Zolota Vasiliki , Chroni Elisabeth , Baltayiannis Nikolaos , Chatzimichalis Antonios , Dougenis Dimitrios 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackgroundThymic epithelial tumors are characterized by slow growth and variable malignant behavior. We present our experience on the surgical management of these tumors.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with thymomas undergoing modified maximal thymectomy over a period of 16 years. Evaluated parameters included gender, age, Masaoka stage, WHO histology, R0 resection, myasthenia gravis, and adjuvant radiotherapy. In thymoma‐associated myasthenia gravis, further analysis was made according the Osserman stage, the time from myasthenia diagnosis to thymectomy, and the steroid treatment. End points were survival for the total study group and achievement of complete stable remission (CSR) in patients with myasthenia gravis.ResultsThe study group consisted of 15 male and 24 female patients. There was no perioperative mortality. Overall survival was 91.6% and 75.1% at 5 and 10 years. Univariate analysis identified the following predictors of survival: myasthenia (P < 0.001), Masaoka stage (P < 0.001), R0 resection (P < 0.001), and WHO histology (P = 0.007). Only the WHO histology was an independent predictor of survival in multivariate analysis (P = 0.003). Myasthenia patients had CSR prediction of 51.9% and 75.9% at 10 and 15 years. Preoperative steroid treatment (P = 0.007) and WHO histology (P = 0.021) were independent predictors of CSR on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsModified maximal thymectomy is safe and efficient in the treatment of thymomas. WHO histology is the prime determinant of tumor aggressiveness and patient survival. Paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis and its outcome after thymectomy is significantly correlated with the WHO classification subtypes; however, lower CSR rates are not necessarily associated with more aggressive histological subgroups.
MEASURES OF NONCOMPACTNESS IN ULTRAPRODUCTS
Authors: KACZOR WIESŁAWA , STACHURA ADAM , WALCZUK JUSTYNA , ZOŁA MAGDALENA 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe investigate the connection between measures of noncompactness of a bounded subset of a given Banach space and the corresponding measures of noncompactness of an ultrapower of this subset. The Kuratowski, Hausdorff and separation measures of noncompactness are considered. We prove that in the first two cases the measures of a subset are equal to the respective measures of ultrapowers of this subset. In the case of separation measure of noncompactness, the equality is not necessarily fulfilled.
THE D-PROPERTY AND THE SORGENFREY LINE
Authors: GAO YIN-ZHU , SHI WEI-XUE 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe show that for the Sorgenfrey line S, the minimal dense linearly ordered extension of S is a D-space, but not a monotone D-space; the minimal closed linearly ordered extension of S is not a monotone D-space; the monotone D-property is inversely preserved by finite-to-one closed mappings, but cannot be inversely preserved by perfect mappings.
A CLASSIFICATION OF SPHERICAL SYMMETRIC CR MANIFOLDS
Authors: DILEO G. , LOTTA A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper we get different characterizations of the spherical strictly pseudoconvex CR manifolds admitting a CR-symmetric Webster metric by means of the Tanaka–Webster connection and of the Riemannian curvature tensor. As a consequence we obtain the classification of the simply connected, spherical symmetric pseudo-Hermitian manifolds.
ON p-AUTOMORPHISMS THAT ARE INNER
Authors: SHABANI ATTAR M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLet G be a group and let CAutΦ(G)(Z(Φ(G))) be the set of all automorphisms of G centralizing G/Φ(G) and Z(Φ(G)). For each prime p and finite p-group G, we prove that CAutΦ(G)(Z(Φ(G)))≤Inn(G) if and only if G is elementary abelian or Φ(G)=Z(G) and Z(G) is cyclic.
FERTILITY PATTERN AND FAMILY STRUCTURE IN THREE ALPINE SETTLEMENTS IN SOUTH TYROL (ITALY): MARRIAGE COHORTS FROM 1750 TO 1949
Authors: GÖGELE MARTIN , PATTARO CRISTIAN , FUCHSBERGER CHRISTIAN , PAUL PRAMSTALLER PETER 
Published: June 2009

SummaryStelvio, Martello and Curon, three villages of the Venosta Valley, South Tyrol (Italy), were recently included in a large genetic survey because of their isolation. This study focuses on the long-term reproductive behaviour of these villages. Family size, age at marriage and marital fertility were estimated based on a genealogy going back in the 17th century. Marriage behaviour was characterized by an elevated age at marriage and a large proportion of adults never getting married. Marital fertility was among the highest worldwide, because couples tried to use the short time at their disposal to have the largest possible number of children. Together with the already known null population expansion and high geographic endogamy rates, the reduced number of siblings who had the opportunity to get married could have favoured an increased genetic homogeneity.
A short history of health technology assessment in Germany
Authors: Perleth Matthias , Gibis Bernhard , Göhlen Britta 
Published: June 2009

Objectives: To provide an overview of the development of health technology assessment (HTA) in Germany since the 1990s.Methods: Analysis of key documents (e.g. literature, laws, and other official documentation) and personal experiences.Results: Health technology assessment (HTA) entered the political agenda in Germany only in the mid-1990s, basically as the result of a top-down approach toward more efficiency in health care, but with a strong impetus of an evidence-based medicine movement. Accordingly, HTA became part of several healthcare reform laws since 1997, which led to the establishment of the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) and the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) in 2004. This tandem construction aims at using evidence in decision-making processes for coverage and other decisions.Conclusions: These developments have led to a considerable impact of HTA in Germany. In addition, a broad spectrum of activities at universities and in other organizations, such as the German Institute for Medical Documentation and Information (DIMDI), can be observed that contribute to both teaching and research in HTA. German researchers in the field of HTA are actively involved in international projects, such as EUNetHTA, and contribute to scientific conferences and journals.
The Dedekind reals in abstract Stone duality
Authors: BAUER ANDREJ , TAYLOR PAUL 
Published: June 2009

Abstract Stone Duality (ASD) is a direct axiomatisation of general topology, in contrast to the traditional and all other contemporary approaches, which rely on a prior notion of discrete set, type or object of a topos.ASD reconciles mathematical and computational viewpoints, providing an inherently computable calculus that does not sacrifice key properties of real analysis such as compactness of the closed interval. Previous theories of recursive analysis failed to do this because they were based on points; ASD succeeds because, like locale theory and formal topology, it is founded on the algebra of open subspaces.ASD is presented as a lambda calculus, of which we provide a self-contained summary, as the foundational background has been investigated in earlier work.The core of the paper constructs the real line using two-sided Dedekind cuts. We show that the closed interval is compact and overt, where these concepts are defined using quantifiers. Further topics, such as the Intermediate Value Theorem, are presented in a separate paper that builds on this one.The interval domain plays an important foundational role. However, we see intervals as generalised Dedekind cuts, which underly the construction of the real line, not as sets or pairs of real numbers.We make a thorough study of arithmetic, in which our operations are more complicated than Moore's, because we work constructively, and we also consider back-to-front (Kaucher) intervals.Finally, we compare ASD with other systems of constructive and computable topology and analysis.
Elongation and gene expression in bovine cloned embryos transferred to temporary recipients
Authors: Rodríguez-Alvarez Lleretny , Cox José , Navarrete Felipe , Valdés Cristián , Zamorano Teresa , Einspanier Ralf , Castro Fidel Ovidio 
Published: June 2009

SummaryElongated embryos provide a unique source of information about trophoblastic differentiation, gene expression and maternal-embryonic interactions; however they are difficult and costly to obtain, especially elongated cloned embryos. One alternative is their production in heterologous temporary recipients such as sheep and goats. We aimed to produce elongated bovine cloned embryos using heterologous transfer to temporary recipients. Day-7 cloned cattle blastocysts were transferred to the uteri of ewes and goats and recovered as elongated structures at day 17. We evaluated elongation, length, presence of embryonic disc and expression of several important genes for embryonic development. We also produced homologous (cloned cattle embryos transferred into cattle uteri). Cloned bovine blastocysts were able to proceed with preimplantation development through elongation with high efficiency despite the species to which they were transferred. In qualitative and quantitative RT-PCR experiments we found differences in the pattern of gene expression among embryos recovered from different species. Sox2, Nanog and FGF-4 were markedly deregulated. No previous reports about the expression pattern of the studied genes had been published for elongated bovine cloned embryos produced in intermediate recipients, furthermore, the pattern of expression of Nanog, Oct4, Eomes, Cdx2, IFN-tau, Dicer, FGF-4 and Sox2 shown here are novel for elongated cloned bovine embryos created by hand-made cloning. Our data confirmed that sheep and goats can be used as temporary recipients. This model could serve as a basis for further research on gene expression and cellular changes during bovine peri-implantation development.
Among the dissenters: reciprocal ethnography in nineteenth-century Inglistan
Authors: Green Nile 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe emergence of ‘fieldwork’ as a technique for gathering knowledge was part of a reciprocal process of two-way observation between Europeans and Asians. The methods of language-learning, cultural immersion, and note-taking that were eventually canonized in the discipline of anthropology were no more unique to Europeans than the writing of the learned travelogues through which they first found expression. In the early nineteenth century, Asian travellers were observing and taking notes on the English at home as part of a reciprocal pattern of exchanges made possible by the new commercial and diplomatic contacts of the age. This thesis is demonstrated by using the Persian travel diary made by an Iranian ‘fieldworker’ to reconstruct in detail the methods and conditions of his ‘ethnographic’ tour of the English West Country in 1818. In the reversal of a familiar trope of European ethnography, the diary described meetings with the ‘sects’ and ‘mystics’ of the English provinces in the very same years that saw the first English accounts ofPersia religiosa.Using numerous contemporary English sources to build on the Persian field diary, the article reveals the multiple patterns of reciprocity by which knowledge was gained through a ‘scientific’ epistemology of observation and experience. From Unitarianism to Baha’ism, the collaborative knowledge so created led to changing intellectual attitudes among both European and Asian scholar-travellers.The well informed of all denominations are the most liberal.(W. J. Fox,A sermon on free inquiry in matters of religion, 1815)
Functional analysis of βC1 protein encoded by Tomato leaf curl Java virus, a monopartite begomovirus
Authors: Sharma Pradeep , Kon Tatsuya , Ikegami Masato 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTomato leaf curl disease is among the most important limiting factors that affect tomato production in world wide including south East Asia. Recently, we have isolated tomato leaf curl Java virus, a whitefly-transmitted monopartite begomovirus, which belongs to the family Geminiviridae. ToLCJAV have been shown to be associated with a novel signal stranded DNA satellite, known as [beta]DNA. Post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in plants is a natural defense response against virus infections, and as a counter defense strategy, viruses have evolved to encode silencing suppressor proteins. The present work we have identified the suppressor activities encoded by [beta]C1 protein encoded by ToLCJAV DNA[beta] satellite, which poses a serious threat to Indonesia.
How do we quantify biodiversity? All the evidence in one place.
Authors: Lyashevska Olga 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBiodiversity is a multi-dimensional concept that is represented by a large variety of measures. This complexity and lack of consistency limits the development of a coherent scientific understanding of biodiversity and how properties, such as ecosystem services, may depend on it. Here, I demonstrate that the formal discipline of creating a relational database (RDB) for information about biodiversity and its measures, is a useful tool in organising such knowledge into coherent sense. Following steps of the logical database design and data normalization to build a RDB, results in a formal definition of biodiversity within a well defined concept structure; mapping rules between the concepts of biodiversity and entities of RDB and a consistent information structure - all in one place. I show how this is then used to support evidence-based objective statements about biodiversity.
The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools
Authors: Li Heng , Handsaker Bob , Wysoker Alec , Fennell Tim , Ruan Jue , Homer Nils , Marth Gabor , Abecasis Goncalo , Durbin Richard ,   1000 Genome Project Data Processing Subgroup
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Summary: The Sequence Alignment/Map (SAM) format is a generic alignment format for storing read alignments against reference sequences, supporting short and long reads (up to 128 Mbp) produced by different sequencing platforms. It is flexible in style, compact in size, efficient in random access and is the format in which alignments from the 1000 Genomes Project are released. SAMtools implements various utilities for post-processing alignments in the SAM format, such as indexing, variant caller and alignment viewer, and thus provides universal tools for processing read alignments.
Availability: http://samtools.sourceforge.net
Contact: rd@sanger.ac.uk
The Effect on Virulence of Converting the O Antigen of Salmonella cholerae-suis from 627 to 617 by Phage
Authors: Smith H. Williams , Parsell Zoe 
Published: June 2009

Of 86 strains of Salmonella cholerae-suis isolated in the U.K., 83 possessed the O antigen 617 and three the O antigen 627. All the O 617 strains were latently infected with the same phage which was active on the O 627 strains; during lyso-genization this phage converted O 627 strains to O 617. None of 900 strains of Escherichia coli was latently infected with this phage; nor were they susceptible to it.
Two O 627 strains converted to O 617 by lysogenization were significantly more virulent for chicks than were their O 627 parent strains; lysogenization of one of these O 627 strains by two different non-converting phages was not accompanied by an increase in virulence. One of the converted strains tested in mice was more virulent for these animals than was the O 627 strain from which it was derived.
The O 617 organisms were found at higher concentrations in the blood and liver of chickens into which they had been injected intravenously than were organisms of the O 627 strain from which they were derived. No difference was detected between the survival rates of the two kinds of organisms in normal chicken serum.
Studies on Membranes Isolated from Extracts of Fusarium culmorum
Authors: Nombela C. , Uruburu F. , Villanueva J. R. 
Published: June 2009

A method was developed for the fractionation of Fusarium culmorum homogenates in order to obtain purified cytoplasmic membranes. The fractions obtained were characterized by studying their ultrastructure and enzymic properties. Since ATPase is an enzyme present in the cytoplasmic membrane, we studied the levels of this activity in our fractions as an indication of the presence of cytoplasmic membrane fragments. Since this activity is also present in mitochondria, we determined the levels of fumarase, a mitochondrial enzyme, and took the ratio of the two activities as an index of the purity of the membrane preparations.
The sediment obtained by centrifuging the cell-free extract at 40000 g was fractionated in a discontinuous sucrose gradient. This led to three types of fractions. The most dense had a high ATPase/fumarase ratio and its ultrastructure showed that it contained membrane fragments having a triple-layered structure. We concluded that this fraction was rich in cytoplasmic membrane fragments; it was clearly distinguishable from the intermediate and less dense fractions. These latter fractions had a much lower ATPase/fumarase ratio and, judging by their ultrastructure, they were respectively a mitochondrial fraction and a fraction consisting of vesicles probably related to the endoplasmic reticulum. Analysis of the cytoplasmic membrane-rich fraction showed that it consisted of protein, lipid and 30 % carbohydrate
One‐year follow‐up of the outcome of a randomized controlled trial of a home‐based intervention programme for children with autism and developmental delay and their families
Authors: Rickards A. L. , Walstab J. E. , Wright‐Rossi R. A. , Simpson J. , Reddihough D. S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIntroduction  There is debate about the type and intensity of early childhood intervention that is most helpful for children with developmental problems. The aim of the study was to determine whether a home‐based programme provided over 12 months resulted in sustained improvement in development and behaviour 12 months after the intervention ceased. The characteristics of the children and families who benefited most from the intervention were also studied.Method  Randomized controlled trial.Participants  A total of 59 children, aged 3–5 years, attending two early childhood intervention centres in Melbourne, Australia.Intervention  Half of the subjects received an additional home‐based programme consisting of 40 weekly visits.Main outcome measures  Bayley Scales of Infant Development and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Revised, Preschool Behaviour Checklist, Bayley Behaviour Rating Scale and Behaviour Screening Questionnaire. All tests administered pre‐intervention, following the intervention and 12 months later.Secondary outcome measures  Family stress, support and empowerment.Results  Fifty‐four children completed the assessments 12 months after conclusion of the intervention. Compared with the control group, improvement in aspects of cognitive development in the children who received the extra intervention was sustained 1 year later (P= 0.007) while significant behavioural differences post intervention were not. Analyses of the data by the Reliable Change Index indicated improvement of clinical significance occurred in non‐verbal areas. In contrast to the control group who deteriorated, language skills in the intervention group remained stable. Improvements were significantly associated with higher stress in the families.Conclusion  Improvements following the provision of a home‐based programme to preschool children with developmental disabilities were sustained 1 year later. Children from highly stressed families appeared to benefit most, reinforcing the importance of involving families in early childhood intervention programmes.