bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of habitat and microhabitat on carabid (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages in four stand types
Authors: Pearce J.L. , Venier L.A. , McKee J. , Pedlar J. , McKenney D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractStudies based on presence/absence of a species may provide insight into habitat associations, allowing the distribution of species to be predicted across the landscape. Our objective was to characterize the carabid fauna in three mature boreal forest types (conifer, mixedwood, and deciduous) and a disturbed habitat (clearcut) to provide baseline data on the carabid species inhabiting the major forest types of boreal northwestern Ontario. Only spring-active carabids were considered for logistical reasons. We further identified the coarse woody debris structure and microhabitat characteristics within these stand types to try to refine our ability to predict the within-stand occurrence of carabids. We found the carabid composition of deciduous stands (mixedwood and aspen) similar and typical of the carabid fauna found in mixedwood forest in other nearby studies. The important feature of these forest types may be the presence of a deciduous leaf litter layer. In contrast, spruce stands contained fewer species and individuals and a distinct carabid fauna. As predicted, the clearcut habitats were dominated by open habitat species, although the fauna was dissimilar to what was recorded in clearcut habitats in other studies within northwestern Ontario. Coarse woody debris appeared to be an important habitat attribute for several carabid species in clearcut habitats.
Species of Telenomus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) associated with the hemlock looper (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Canada
Authors: Pelletier Georges , Piché Céline 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThree species of Telenomus Haliday are egg parasitoids of the hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenée), in Canada. Telenomus coloradensis Crawford and Telenomus droozi Muesebeck are redescribed and Telenomus flavotibiaesp.nov. is described and illustrated from material collected in Quebec. Telenomus coloradensis was found to be the predominant egg parasite, followed by T. droozi. Telenomus flavotibiae was found to be an uncommon parasite of hemlock looper eggs. All three species are recorded from Newfoundland to British Columbia. Keys to species of Telenomus associated with the hemlock looper, including two closely related species previously confused in the literature, are also given.
Epicuticular wax on pea plants decreases instantaneous search rate of Hippodamia convergens larvae and reduces attachment to leaf surfaces
Authors: Rutledge C.E. , Eigenbrode S.D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCrop cultivar can affect the ability of natural enemies to control pest populations. Peas, Pisum sativum L. (Fabaceae), with a reduced epicuticular wax bloom have reduced pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), populations in the field than peas with a normal-wax bloom. In this paper we use the functional response to examine predation by Hippodamia convergens Guérin de Méneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) larvae foraging on pea plants with a normal- and a reduced-wax bloom. We found that Hippodamia convergens shows a Type II functional response on both phenotypes of peas. Hippodamia convergens consumed significantly more pea aphids on reduced-wax plants than on normal-wax plants. The instantaneous search rate, a, was higher for predators on reduced-wax plants, but the handling time, Th, was similar for predators on both wax phenotypes. In addition, we tested the ability of H. convergens larvae to attach to the surface of normal-wax and reduced-wax pea leaves. We found that H. convergens larvae attach more strongly to reduced-wax peas than to normal-wax peas. These results suggest that predation of pea aphid by H. convergens is enhanced on reduced-wax peas due to increased ability of predators to attach to these plants, and as a result, search for and find aphids.
Actual and potential distribution of an invasive canola pest, Meligethes viridescens (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), in Canada
Authors: Mason P.G. , Olfert O. , Sluchinski L. , Weiss R.M. , Boudreault C. , Grossrieder M. , Kuhlmann U. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMeligethes viridescens (Fabricius), bronzed or rape blossom beetle, is a widespread and common pest of oilseed rape [Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L. (Brassicaceae)] in the western Palaearctic subregion. The establishment of M. viridescens in eastern North America has raised concern that its presence is a potential risk to the Canadian canola industry, especially to the prairie ecozone of western Canada where up to 4 million ha of summer canola (B. napus and B. rapa) are grown annually. Study of museum specimens indicated that M. viridescens was first recorded in Nova Scotia in 1947. Field surveys indicated that, as of 2001, M. viridescens was established as far west as Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec. A CLIMEXTM model for M. viridescens in Europe was developed and validated with actual distribution records. In Canada the model predicted that once introduced, M. viridescens would readily survive in the canola-growing areas. The actual distribution of M. viridescens in eastern Canada matched the predicted distribution well. The westward dispersal to and establishment of M. viridescens in canola-growing areas of Ontario and western Canada, particularly southern Manitoba, appear to be inevitable. Establishment in these areas presents the risk of substantial production losses to canola producers.
A new genus and two new species of Hybosoridae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia
Authors: Ocampo Federico C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe new genus Totoia Ocampo and two new species, Totoiasplendida Ocampo from Costa Rica and Panama and Totoiabrachycarina Ocampo from Panama and Colombia, are described. Diagnostic characters of the genus and male genitalia of both species are illustrated.
Variation in response to insecticides in two species of univoltine leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Smirle Michael J. , Lowery D. Thomas , Zurowski Cheryl L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPopulations of fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospila (Walker), and European leafroller, Archips rosana L., were obtained from eight sites in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, and assayed for their responses to five insecticides using a leaf-disk bioassay and neonate larvae. Lethal concentration ratios (LCR values) were calculated for all populations compared with the most susceptible strain, and significant variation was detected in both species. LCR values ranged from 1.04 to 9.06 for azinphosmethyl, from 1.29 to 53.15 for tebufenozide (Confirm®), from 1.85 to 24.69 for methoxyfenozide (Intrepid®), from 1.59 to 2291.4 for indoxacarb (Avaunt®), and from 1.92 to 1.98 for spinosad (Success®). Methoxy fenozide was approximately 100-fold more toxic to neonate leafrollers than was tebufenozide, and spinosad was the most toxic of all materials tested. Correlation analysis indicated that there was cross-resistance between azinphosmethyl and tebufenozide. At the LC50 level, the responses of the two species were not significantly different for each insecticide. Analysis of equivalency and parallelism of dose-response lines revealed that A. argyrospila and A. rosana had equivalent responses to azinphosmethyl. LC50 values for the response of A. argyrospila to azinphosmethyl were not different from values obtained almost 20 years earlier. Cross-resistance between azinphosmethyl and tebufenozide suggests that resistance management for these two species of univoltine leafrollers should not include rotation of azinphosmethyl and benzoylhydrazine insect-growth regulators. The high level of resistance to indoxacarb found in one population indicates that baseline tolerance screening is desirable before indoxacarb is introduced for use in Canadian orchards.
Survey of the genus Leucophenga (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from Iriomote-jima, Japan, with descriptions of three new species
Authors: Chen Hong-wei , Aotsuka Tadashi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThirteen species of the genus Leucophenga were found from Iriomote Jima of Ryukyu Islands, Japan, including three new records and three new species: L. argentata (de Meijere), L. confluens Duda, L. digmasoma Lin et Wheeler, L. concilia Okada, L. maculata (Dufour), L. meijerei Duda, L. ornata Wheeler, L. orientalis Lin et Wheeler, L. regina Malloch, L. umbratula Duda, L. iriomotensissp. nov., L. multipunctatasp. nov., and L. obscurasp. nov.Leuco phenga regina is redescribed and the three new species are described. A key to all species from Iriomote Jima is provided.
Receptor characterization of nontarget butterflies for risk assessment of biological control with the egg parasitoidTrichogramma minutum(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Bourchier R.S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractReceptor characterization (i.e., identifying what will be affected by an activity) is the first step in a risk assessment of biocontrol agents for insects. Development of a representative list of species at risk, based on ecological vulnerability, enables host-range screening of potential biocontrol agents on a manageable group of nontarget insects. A database of 153 species was used to characterize the butterflies potentially at risk from an inundative release of the egg parasitoidTrichogramma minutumRiley. Risk criteria for butterfly species included North American, Canadian, and Ontario geographic distributions; oviposition phenology; number of generations per year; overwintering stage; host-plant preferences; and egg mass type and location. Ecological vulnerability lists of butterfly species were generated for northern and southern Ontario; areas where there have been recent experimental inundative releases ofT. minutumfor the suppression of forest pests. Based on the above criteria, 2 species and a maximum of 27 species would be potentially at risk, and thus requiring host-range testing if an inundative release were considered for northern and southern Ontario, respectively. The number of species on the ecological vulnerability list for southern Ontario could be reduced to 12 species depending on the specific geographic location in southern Ontario of the inundative release. The six criteria used for receptor characterization forT. minutum, associated primarily with host-habitat location and host-location, can also be used for other parasitoids. They are components of any target host's biology, and thus will affect the scale and impact of any parasitoid attacking eggs, larvae, or pupae. Additional criteria for receptor characterization may also be added that will relate to the specifics of a parasitoid's biology and are associated with host acceptance and host suitability. Development of ecologically based vulnerability lists should become standard practice in determining which nontarget species require host-range testing, for both inundative and classical biocontrol agents targeting insects, and for the potential impact of invasive species.
Abundance of some native coccinellines (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) before and after the appearance ofCoccinella septempunctata
Authors: Turnock W.J. , Wise I.L. , Matheson F.O. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe seven-spotted lady beetle,Coccinella septempunctataL., was first reported in Manitoba in 1988. The effect of this introduced species on the relative abundance of the more common native coccinellines was determined from D-Vac Insect Net®and sweepnet samples in alfalfa in 1983–2001, by sweepnet and visual sampling in field crops and other vegetation in 1989–2001, and by transect sampling of aggregations of coccinellines in spring and autumn on the shore of Lake Manitoba from 1989 to 2001. The trends of annual changes in the abundance of six species in southern Manitoba were similar, whether based on the mean density per 200 sweeps in alfalfa or on their relative abundance in alfalfa, on other vegetation, and in aggregations on the beach. Before 1988,Hippodamia tredecempunctata tibialis(Say),Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoniiBrown, andHippodamia convergensGuerin were the most abundant species, followed byHippodamia parenthesis(Say) andCoccinella trifasciata perplexaMulsant. By 1992,C. septempunctatahad become the dominant species, butH. tredecempunctatahas since been the dominant species in most collections. The relative abundance ofC. transverso guttata,H. convergens,H. parenthesis, andC. trifasciatahas decreased since the establishment ofC. septempunctata. The decline in abundance of these species seems to be caused by their competitive displacement byC. septempunctata. Their displacement also might be a contributing factor in the slight increase in abundance ofH. tredecempunctatabecauseC. septempunctatamay compete less directly with this species than with other native coccinellines.
Establishment of Platygaster tuberosula, an introduced parasitoid of the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana
Authors: Olfert O. , Doane J.F. , Braun M.P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), was first detected as early as 1901 in Western Canada. The first major outbreak in Saskatchewan was recorded in 1983. In 1984, Saskatchewan wheat midge populations were found to be parasitized by the egg parasitoid Macroglenes penetrans (Kirby). Parasitism levels vary from year to year but, on average, 33% of wheat midge populations are parasitized by M. penetrans. In 1993 and 1994, Agriculture Canada and the International Institute of Biological Control in Delémont, Switzerland, collaborated to release Platygaster tuberosula Kieffer into Saskatchewan to augment biological control of wheat midge. Platygaster tuberosula individuals were recovered at low numbers in follow-up monitoring programs in each of the last 5 years. In 2001, the parasitoid population density increased fivefold at the release site and showed signs of migrating into the surrounding area.
Substrate-borne vibrational signals of the Consperse stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: McBrien Heather L. , Millar Jocelyn G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that short-range reproductive behaviors of phytophagous pentatomid bugs are mediated by vibrational signals. These signals have not yet been examined for bugs in the genus Euschistus, which contains several species native to the Americas. Substrate-borne vibrational signals (songs) were recorded from both sexes of the Consperse stink bug, Euschistus conspersus Uhler, an economically important agricultural pest in western North America. Females produced two songs (FS-1 and FS-2), each consisting of a series of frequency-modulated pulses with a pulse duration of 352 ± 105 (mean ± SD) and 163 ± 36 ms, respectively. Males produced four distinct songs, two composed of frequency-modulated pulses (MS-1 and MS-3), one consisting of narrowband pulses (MS-2), and one composed of a series of 1–6 short pulses, many of which were fused to form distinct pulse trains (MS-4). For both males and females, songs consisting of very short, frequency-modulated pulses (FS-2 and MS-3), with a mean pulse duration <170 ms, were emitted when the other member of the pair was silent. Songs made up of longer, frequency-modulated pulses (FS-1 and MS-1) were produced spontaneously and in response to songs from conspecifics. Pulses of MS-2 were produced by a male once a duet with a female had been initiated. This song had no frequency modulation and a longer mean pulse repetition time than MS-1. The two female songs and three of the male songs (MS-1, MS-2, and MS-3) were produced during the calling phase of mating behavior. Pulse trains of MS-4 were emitted during close-range courtship. During copulation males produced intermittent pulses of MS-1, the function of which is unknown. Dominant frequencies of all songs ranged from 102 to 136 Hz, comparable with those of other pentatomid songs. Although there were superficial similarities in the song structures of E. conspersus when compared with those of other pentatomid species, the song repertoire of E. conspersus was distinct and unique.
Field trials of Trichomalopsis sarcophagae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in cattle feedlots: a potential biocontrol agent of filth flies (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Floate K.D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA field study was performed in southern Alberta, Canada, to assess the native wasp, Trichomalopsis sarcophagae (Gahan), as a potential biocontrol agent for house fly, Musca domestica L., and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). The wasp was readily reared in large numbers, which allowed for the cumulative release of an estimated 4.63 million wasps into three commercial feedlots during the 2-year study. Each of several releases predictably and repeatedly enhanced parasitism of sentinel house fly pupae, whereas parasitism remained low in three paired control feedlots where wasps were not released. Releases every 2nd week had a disproportionately greater effect than releases every 2nd month. In 1998, 1.2 million wasps were released into treatment feedlots resulting in the recovery of 3 952 T. sarcophagae from 31 500 sentinel pupae (0.13 wasps/pupa). In 1999, 3.43 million wasps were released into treatment feedlots, with the recovery of 37 763 wasps from 47 720 sentinel pupae (0.79 wasps/pupa). Hence, a 2.8-fold increase in the number of wasps released in 1999 resulted in a 6.1-fold increase in the recovery of wasps. This result supports industry recommendations of regular, repeated releases of wasps every 2nd or 4th week versus one or infrequent releases throughout the summer. There was no evidence that releases augmented overwintering populations of the wasp in subsequent years. These results provide proof-of-concept for the mass-rearing and release of T. sarcophagae as an inundative biocontrol agent for the control of pest flies in cattle confinements. Further studies will be required to assess the effect of T. sarcophagae releases on natural populations of pest flies.
Key to genera of the tribe Tropidocephalini (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) from the People's Republic of China, with description of a new genus
Authors: Chen X-S 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA new genus, Mirocaudagen. nov., and a new species, Mirocauda albilineanasp. nov., are described and illustrated. Because of the nature of the post-tibial spur, this genus belongs to the tribe Tropidocephalini. A key to the 17 Chinese genera (including 3 subgenera) of the tribe Tropidocephalini is provided. Two new synonymies are reported: Malaxa aurunca Yang et Yang, 1986 is a junior synonym of Malaxella flava Ding et Hu, 1986 and Specinervures liquida Yang et Yang, 1986 is a junior synonym of Specinervures interrupta Ding et Hu, 1986. A checklist of genera in the tribe Tropidocephalini from the People's Republic of China is appended.
Revision of the East Palaearctic genusIsonychia(Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae)
Authors: Tiunova Tatiana M. , Kluge Nikita J. , Ishiwata Shin-ichi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe species of the genusIsonychiaEaton, 1871 (Isonychiidae) of East Palaearctic are revised. Two subgenera,Isonychias.s. andPrionoidesKondratieffetVoshell, 1983, are represented in the Palaearctic. New species and subspecies ofIsonychias.s. are described:I. sexpetalasp. nov.,I. ussurica sibiricasubsp. nov.,I. concoloriasp. nov.,I. crassiusculasp. nov., andI. vshivkovaesp. nov.with subspeciesI. vshivkovae vshivkovaeandI. vshivkovae sinitshenkovaesubsp. nov.A new species groupjaponica, with three species (I. crassiuscula,I. vshivkovae, andI. japonica), is recognized on the basis of adult and larval characteristics. The nameIsonychia hainanensisSheetYou, 1988 is synonymized withIsonychia ignota(Walker, 1853)syn. nov.
Comparison of reproductive capacity among univoltine, semivoltine, and re-emerged parent spruce beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
Authors: Hansen E. Matthew , Bentz Barbara J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNew spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), adults of univoltine and semivoltine life cycles, as well as re-emerged parent beetles, were laboratory-tested for differences in reproductive capacity and brood characteristics. Parameters measured from the three groups include dry weight, lipid content, and egg production. Brood characteristics measured include egg length, development rates, and survival densities. Although there were some differences in dry weight and lipid content, females from the univoltine, semivoltine, and re-emerged parent groups did not greatly differ in egg production. Egg length was slightly smaller for eggs from univoltine parents, but other measured brood characteristics did not differ among the three parent groups, including the density of the surviving brood. In a field study, re-emerged parent beetles were determined to be flight capable. These findings imply that populations with univoltine broods will have higher growth rates than semivoltine populations. Consequently, the presence of univoltine broods, which is weather dependent, increases the risk of a beetle outbreak or can accelerate the rate of spruce mortality in an established outbreak. These results also indicate that re-emerged parent beetles can contribute substantially to brood production. Suppression strategies can be more effective if managers consider the ecological consequences of brood production from the three parent groups.
Identification of the sex pheromone of Cochylis arthuri (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae)
Authors: Foster S.P. , Morris B.D. , Charlet L.D. , Gross T. , Grugel S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe sex pheromone of Cochylis arthuri Dang was identified as a 80:20 mixture of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc) and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc). Cochylis arthuri is a congener of the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham, which is a major pest of sunflower, Helianthus spp. (Compositae), in the Great Plains region of North America. Both are found sympatrically on sunflower in this region, although C. arthuri appears to be less common. Field testing of various blends, in sticky traps, showed that a loading of 80 µg Z11-14:OAc and 20 µg E11-14:OAc on a red rubber septum gave the best catches. In field trials in sunflower plots, traps baited with either the C. hospes blend or the best blend tested for C. arthuri only caught significant numbers, relative to blank traps, of males of the respective species, suggesting that the sex pheromones of the two species are specific under those conditions. The identification of an attractive blend of the sex pheromone of C. arthuri will give researchers another tool to investigate the pest status of C. arthuri on sunflowers.
Sexual behavior and morphology of Themira minor (Diptera: Sepsidae) males and the evolution of male sternal lobes and genitalic surstyli
Authors: Eberhard William G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractProbable ancestral types of courtship behavior for most sepsid flies were deduced from the behavior and morphology of a species in the relatively basal genus Themira. At least three of the five behavior patterns used by Themira minor (Haliday) males to court females prior to and during copulation are shared with other, more derived groups. During copulation the male's sternal lobes were rotated so that their brushes of long setae were fanned apart and may tap the female. The morphology of the tips of the male's genitalic surstyli and the muscles attached to them indicate that they are also moveable. This trait, which occurs in several other distantly related species, probably serves to squeeze the female during copulation. Thus, contrary to the impression from previous studies, elaborate courtship before and during copulation may be widespread among sepsids.