bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’équipement du travail de production de données en écologie
Authors: Granjou Céline , Arpin Isabelle 
Published: March 2012

Cet article interroge l’importance prise par les pratiques de production et d’échange de données dans le cas des sciences de l’environnement, en explorant les conditions de fonctionnement de collectifs hybrides associant chercheurs et gestionnaires d’espaces naturels. À partir d’une enquête sur la mise en place de la « zone atelier Alpes », nous analysons les conditions de la formation de collaborations et de partenariats autour des données entre chercheurs ainsi qu’entre chercheurs et gestionnaires. Nous montrons en particulier que la zone atelier constitue moins un principe central de mutualisation des ressources qu’une opportunité pour divers arrangements entre acteurs, qui n’excluent pas la permanence de logiques de compétition et de rétention d’information.
La référence aux lieux et à la proximité mutuelle et l’émergence de projets de rencontre dans les conversations mobiles
Authors: Licoppe Christian , Morel Julien 
Published: March 2012

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser la façon dont les rencontres sociales sont collaborativement organisées depuis des conversations sur téléphone mobile. Après avoir discuté de l’utilisation de pré-séquences vérifiant la disponibilité en vue de projets de rencontre, nous examinerons des conversations sur mobile où sont traités des problèmes pratiques analogues. Ces communications permettent d’examiner la façon dont les participants s’engagent dans un travail de co‑localisation, comment ils formulent les lieux en tant que seuils entre mobilité et contextes d’activité, et se positionnent eux‑mêmes comme entités mobiles ou immobiles ; et comment un tel travail collaboratif de co‑localisation peut générer la reconnaissance mutuelle d’une co‑proximité dans un délai approprié de disponibilité. Ceci peut être produit au sein d’un tour de parole et via différents procédés, comme une mention explicite et une évaluation de la proximité mutuelle des participants, ou l’usage de déictiques de lieux qui localisent finalement les participants dans une zone proximale et connue en commun (se trouver « à proximité » ou « dans le quartier », par exemple). Enfin, nous montrons comment une telle reconnaissance promulgue l’importance d’une rencontre en face à face ; l’émergence d’une co‑proximité est traitée comme la première partie d’une pré-séquence projetant une invitation, une proposition, une annonce ou une demande de se rencontrer comme une issue pertinente.
Charrue et variétés de riz
Authors: Penot Éric , Garin Patrice 
Published: March 2012

Le lac Alaotra, un des greniers à riz de Madagascar, est un lieu d’intervention privilégié de la puissance publique depuis plus d’un siècle, avec une profusion d’actions des projets de développement depuis les années 1950. Cette région a aussi été terre d’accueil d’un flux ininterrompu de migrants en provenance d’autres régions malgaches, attirés par la réputation de richesse agricole et d’espace à coloniser. Projets et migrants ont ainsi introduit des connaissances nouvelles sur ce « front pionnier » permanent qu’est la zone du lac. Certains de ces savoirs ont été transformés en savoir-faire techniques selon des mécanismes de sélection et d’appropriation que nous voudrions présenter ici. L’analyse historique longue met en lumière la dimension sociale déterminante de ce processus de sélection. En particulier, nous verrons que l’histoire de la mécanisation depuis près d’un siècle se confond avec celle des stratégies des classes dominantes pour conforter leur rente foncière et des rapports de production inégalitaires. Cette analyse diachronique est complétée par une observation concrète des pratiques agricoles en train de s’élaborer aujourd’hui dans différentes exploitations agricoles, en mettant en lumière les phases d’hybridation et d’appropriation qui aboutissent à des savoir-faire techniques maîtrisés par les agriculteurs. Nous avons choisi d’illustrer cette double temporalité dans le parcours du changement technique avec deux innovations emblématiques : la mécanisation de la mise en boue des rizières et la diffusion récente de variétés de riz robustes face aux aléas climatiques.
The Common Good of the Firm in the Aristotelian-Thomistic Tradition
Authors: Sison Alejo José G. , Fontrodona Joan 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT:This article proposes a theory of the firm based on the common good. It clarifies the meaning of the term “common good” tracing its historical development. Next, an analogous sense applicable to the firm is derived from its original context in political theory. Put simply, the common good of the firm is the production of goods and services needed for flourishing, in which different members participate through work. This is linked to the political common good through subsidiarity. Lastly, implications and challenges arising from the positing of work as the common good of the firm are explored.
The Possibility of Virtue
Authors: Alzola Miguel 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT:To have a virtue is to possess a certain kind of trait of character that is appropriate in pursuing the moral good at which the virtue aims. Human beings are assumed to be capable of attaining those traits. Yet, a number of scholars are skeptical about the very existence of such character traits. They claim a sizable amount of empirical evidence in their support. This article is concerned with the existence and explanatory power of character as a way to assess the possibility of achieving moral virtue, with particular attention paid to business context. I aim to unsettle the so-called situationist challenge to virtue ethics. In the course of this article, I shall defend four claims, namely, that virtues are more than just behavioral dispositions, that at least some virtues may not be unitary traits, that psychologists cannot infer virtues from overt behavior, and that the situationist data do not account for the observational equivalence of traits. Since it rests on a misconception of what virtue is, the situationist objection remains unconvincing.
Patient adherence to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jabbour Elias J. , Kantarjian Hagop , Eliasson Lina , Megan Cornelison A. , Marin David 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDramatically improved survival associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy has transformed the disease model for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to one of long‐term management, but treatment success is challenged with poor medication adherence. Many risk factors associated with poor adherence can be ameliorated by close monitoring, dose modification, and supportive care. Controlling risk factors for poor adherence in combination with patient education that includes direct communication between the health care team and the patient are essential components for maximizing the benefits of TKI therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 87:687–691, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does iron overload really matter in stem cell transplantation?
Authors: Armand Philippe , Sainvil Marie‐Michele , Kim Haesook T. , Rhodes Joanna , Cutler Corey , Ho Vincent T. , Koreth John , Alyea Edwin P. , Neufeld Ellis J. , Kwong Raymond Y. , Soiffer Robert J. , Antin Joseph H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA growing body of evidence suggests that iron overload is associated with inferior outcomes after myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, all of those studies used surrogate markers of iron overload, especially serum ferritin, and most had a retrospective design. We conducted a prospective observational study in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute leukemia undergoing myeloablative HSCT. Forty‐five patients who were followed for over 1 year, with serial measurements of serum iron parameters, as well as liver and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. There was no significant increase in ferritin, liver or cardiac iron content in the 12 months following HSCT. Although serum ferritin still appeared to have prognostic significance, as previously reported, pre‐HSCT iron overload (as reflected in liver iron content) was not associated with increased mortality, relapse, or graft‐versus‐host disease. These results raise the possibility that the adverse prognostic impact of pre‐HSCT hyperferritinemia may be related to factors independent of iron overload. Am. J. Hematol. 87:569–572, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of PPAR‐γ gene polymorphisms with obesity and obesity‐associated phenotypes in north indian population
Authors: Prakash Jai , Srivastava Neena , Awasthi Shally , Agarwal C. , Natu S. , Rajpal Naresh , Mittal Balraj 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectives:The worldwide increasing prevalence of obesity is considered as a major health problem. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ) controls adipocyte differentiation and regulates a number of genes associated with energy homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the association of PPAR‐γ gene Pro12Ala (rs1801282) and C1431T (rs3856806) polymorphisms with morbid obesity and related phenotypes, in north Indian population.Methods:A total of 6,42 subjects, 309, obese and 333 nonobese individuals were included in this case–control study. Insulin, adiponectin, glucose, and lipid levels were estimated using standard protocols. All subjects were genotyped by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method.Results:The ProAla+AlaAla genotypes of PPAR‐γ Pro12Ala were significantly associated with higher risk of obesity while C1431T polymorphism did not show any significant association. None of the haplotypes showed association with morbid obesity. However, a strong association of variant genotypes was observed with higher levels of insulin, HOMA‐IR, and lower serum adiponectin concentrations.Conclusion:PPAR‐γ gene polymorphisms influence obesity and obesity phenotype in a complex manner, probably involving insulin resistance in north Indian population. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A negative relationship between leg length and leg cross‐sectional areas in adults
Authors: Burton Richard F. , Nevill Alan M. , Stewart Arthur D. , Daniell Nathan , Olds Timothy 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectives:These were to examine the relationship between leg cross‐sectional areas (CSAs) and leg length while making allowance for other factors, such as fatness and the load on the legs.Methods:Body mass, stature, and sitting height were directly measured and volumes and leg CSAs were obtained by 3D scanning for 155 men and 162 women. Leg CSAs were regressed simultaneously on upper body mass and leg length.Results:With allowance made for positive correlations with upper body mass, leg CSAs showed a negative correlation with leg length (P = 0.00006–0.027).Conclusion:There is a negative correlation between leg lengths and CSAs that is largely obscured by other influences. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitivity and specificity of C‐reactive protein and α1‐acid glycoprotein for episodes of acute infection among children in kilimanjaro, tanzania
Authors: Wander Katherine , Brindle Eleanor , O'connor Kathleen A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectives:Biomarkers of inflammation, including C‐reactive protein (CRP) and α1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP), have tremendous potential in anthropological, public health, and nutrition research as objective indicators of acute infection; however, their usage is limited by the lack of widely agreed upon, reliable cutpoints to define infection. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of CRP and AGP for identifying acute infectious disease (ID) episodes among children in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania.Methods:Data were available from 43 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children. CRP and AGP were measured in capillary whole dried blood spots (DBS). Two‐week morbidity history interviews with children's primary caregivers were used to detect recent episodes of acute ID. Specimens and morbidity history interviews were collected from each child on one (n = 13) or two (n = 30) occasions for 73 paired interviews and specimens.Results:We evaluated CRP and AGP for identifying acute infection (report of fever, diarrhea, or vomiting in the last week): CRP ≥ 1.1 mg/l had sensitivity of 57.14% and specificity of 86.44%; AGP ≥ 0.76 g/l had sensitivity of 57.14% and specificity of 72.41%. The combined definition (AGP ≥ 0.76 g/l or CRP ≥ 1.1 mg/l) had sensitivity of 71.43% and specificity of 70.69%.Conclusions:Among children in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, assessed in whole blood stored as DBS, AGP ≥ 0.76 g/l or CRP ≥ 1.1 mg/l provided the best definition of acute infection. Whether this definition is appropriate for use in other populations remains to be determined. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting homo pigmentation phenotype through genomic data: From neanderthal to James Watson
Authors: Cerqueira Caio C S , Paixão‐Côrtes Vanessa R , Zambra Francis M B , Salzano Francisco M , Hünemeier Tábita , Bortolini Maria‐Cátira 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:Human pigmentation is regulated by several genes acting at different stages of melanin formation. Functional and association studies have elucidated the role of several of these genes in pigmentation phenotypes. Forensic and evolutionary studies can benefit from this knowledge.Objectives:To evaluate the reliability of the prediction of pigmentation phenotypes using a large database of genetic markers in individuals with known phenotypes; and from this try to predict the pigmentation phenotype of prehistoric Homo specimens and of contemporary individuals whose visible phenotypes are not known.Methods:We compared predicted and observed phenotypic data through an analysis of 124 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 33 genic and seven intergenic regions of 30 subjects, five of them prehistoric, whose complete nuclear genomes are available in UCSC and PSU UCSC public databases.Results:For the molecular predicted versus observed phenotypes, the percentage of agreement was as follows: freckles: 91; skin: 64; hair: 44; eyes: 36; total: 59; while the molecular predicted versus probable (no visible observation available; inferences based on ethnic population characteristics) it was, respectively, 83, 60, 42, 67, and 63. The difference between two sets is statistically nonsignificant (P = 0.75).Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first article to examine the effect of a large number of genetics markers for phenotype prediction. The approach could be useful for forensic applications, as well as for the determination of possible phenotypes of extinct prehistoric individuals. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hormonal evidence supports the theory of selection in utero
Authors: Catalano R.A. , Saxton K.B. , Bruckner T.A. , Pearl M. , Anderson E. , Goldman‐Mellor S. , Margerison‐Zilko C. , Subbaraman M. , Currier R.J. , Kharrazi M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectives:Antagonists in the debate over whether the maternal stress response during pregnancy damages or culls fetuses have invoked the theory of selection in utero to support opposing positions. We describe how these opposing arguments arise from the same theory and offer a novel test to discriminate between them. Our test, rooted in reports from population endocrinology that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) signals fetal fitness, contributes not only to the debate over the fetal origins of illness, but also to the more basic literature concerned with whether and how natural selection in utero affects contemporary human populations.Methods:We linked maternal serum hCG measurements from prenatal screening tests with data from the California Department of Public Health birth registry for the years 2001–2007. We used time series analysis to test the association between the number of live‐born male singletons and median hCG concentration among males in monthly gestational cohorts.Results:Among the 1.56 million gestations in our analysis, we find that median hCG levels among male survivors of monthly conception cohorts rise as the number of male survivors falls.Results:Elevated median hCG among relatively small male birth cohorts supports the theory of selection in utero and suggests that the maternal stress response culls cohorts in gestation by raising the fitness criterion for survival to birth. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) of Nitrothiophenol Isomers Chemisorbed on TiO2
Authors: Teguh Jefri S. , Liu Fang , Xing Bengang , Yeow Edwin K. L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate the nature of the charge‐transfer (CT) process between nitrothiophenol (NTP) isomers and the n‐type semiconductor, TiO2. The Raman signals of p‐NTP and m‐NTP that were chemisorbed onto TiO2 were significantly enhanced with respect to their corresponding neat compounds. In particular, an enhancement factor (EF) of 102–103 was observed for both p‐NTP and m‐NTP, with m‐NTP displaying a larger EF compared to p‐NTP. The Raman signal of o‐NTP on TiO2 was not detectable, owing to interference from fluorescence emissions. A molecule‐to‐TiO2 charge‐transfer mechanism was responsible for the enhanced Raman signals observed in p‐NTP and m‐NTP. This transfer was due to a strong coupling between the adsorbate and the metal oxide, which led to an optically driven CT transition from the HOMO of NTP into the conduction band of TiO2. Based on the mesomeric effect, the NO2 group para to the thiol had a stronger electron‐withdrawing ability than the NO2 group at the meta position. A less‐efficient CT transition from p‐NTP to TiO2 in the surface complex resulted in a weaker Raman‐signal enhancement for p‐NTP compared to m‐NTP. The DFT calculation determined that the HOMO and the LUMO of NTP bound to TiO2 were located entirely on the adsorbate and the semiconductor, respectively, thereby supporting the experimental findings that a molecule‐to‐TiO2 mechanism was the driving force behind the observed SERS effect.
Stabilization of Water Droplets in an Oily Matrix Exclusively by Gel Formation
Authors: Wolf F. , Gmoser F. , Schuchmann H. P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAs droplets in emulsions are thermodynamically unstable, surfactants are required for their stabilization. However, these additives often are unwanted due to legal restrictions and possible health threats. Gelling of the aqueous phase poses one promising alternative. Only droplet‐forming processes like microfluidic devices are known to successfully work so far for stabilization by gelling. As these processes are hard to scale‐up and tend to foul, a technical alternative based on commonly used high‐pressure homogenization is investigated. A nozzle was adapted by adding a micromixer directly behind the orifice outlet. This allowed gelling and stabilizing the droplets by feeding a cold oil stream immediately after droplet breakup. Up to 40 wt‐% droplets with Sauter mean diameters down to the micrometer range could be successfully stabilized.
Highlights of Photochemical Reactions in Microflow Reactors
Authors: Oelgemoeller M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis review highlights selected examples of photochemical transformations in microflow reactors. The main advantages of microflow reactors over conventional batch systems are superior light penetrations, controlled reaction times, precise temperature control and removal of photoproducts from the irradiated area. These features typically result in higher conversions or yields, improved selectivity, enhanced energy efficiencies and reductions of solvent volumes and consequently waste. Different types of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions are presented, showing the superiority of microflow photochemistry over batch processes.
Isoguanine Formation from Adenine
Authors: Cheng Qianyi , Gu Jiande , Compaan Katherine R. , Schaefer Henry F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSeveral possible mechanisms underlying isoguanine formation when OH radical attacks the C2 position of adenine (A) are investigated theoretically for the first time. Two steps are involved in this process. In the first step, one of two low‐lying A⋅⋅⋅OH reactant complexes is formed, leading to C2H2 bond cleavage. Between the two reactant complexes there is a small isomerization barrier, which lies well below separated adenine plus OH radical. The complex dissociates to free molecular hydrogen and an isoguanine tautomer (isoG 1 or isoG 2). The local and activation barriers for the two pathways are very similar. This evidence suggests that the two pathways are competitive. After dehydrogenation, there are two possible routes for the second step of the reaction. One is direct hydrogen transfer, via enol–keto tautomerization, which has high local barriers for both tautomers and is not favored. The other option is indirect hydrogen transfer involving microsolvation by one water molecule. The water lowers the reaction barrier by over 20 kcal mol−1, indicating that water‐mediated hydrogen transfer is much more favorable. Both A+OH.→isoG+H. reactions are exothermic and spontaneous. Among four isoguanine tautomers, isoG 1 has the lowest energy. Our findings explain why only the N1H and O2H tautomers of isolated isoguanine and isoguanosine have been observed experimentally.
Reversible Phase Transformation and Mechanochromic Luminescence of ZnII‐Dipyridylamide‐Based Coordination Frameworks
Authors: Tzeng Biing‐Chiau , Chang Tsung‐Yi , Wei Sheng‐Luen , Sheu Hwo‐Shuenn 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA 1D double‐zigzag framework, {[Zn(paps)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2}n (1; paps=N,N′‐bis(pyridylcarbonyl)‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl thioether), was synthesized by the reaction of Zn(ClO4)2 with paps. However, a similar reaction, except that dry solvents were used, led to the formation of a novel 2D polyrotaxane framework, [Zn(paps)2(ClO4)2]n (2). This difference relies on the fact that water coordinates to the ZnII ion in 1, but ClO4− ion coordination is found in 2. Notably, the structures can be interconverted by heating and grinding in the presence of moisture, and such a structural transformation can also be proven experimentally by powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The related N,N′‐bis‐ (pyridylcarbonyl)‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (papo) and N,N′‐(methylenedi‐para‐phenylene)bispyridine‐4‐carboxamide (papc) ligands were reacted with ZnII ions as well. When a similar reaction was performed with dry solvents, except that papo was used instead of paps, the product mixture contained mononuclear [Zn(papo)(CH3OH)4](ClO4)2 (5) and the polyrotaxane [Zn(papo)2(ClO4)2]n (4). From the powder XRD data, grinding this mixture in the presence of moisture resulted in total conversion to the pure double‐zigzag {[Zn(papo)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2}n (3) immediately. Upon heating 3, the polyrotaxane framework of 4 was recovered. The double‐zigzag {[Zn(papc)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2}n (6) and polyrotaxane [Zn(papc)2(ClO4)2]n (7) were synthesized in a similar reaction. Although upon heating the double‐zigzag 6 undergoes structural transformation to give the polyrotaxane 7, grinding solid 7 in the presence of moisture does not lead to the formation of 6. Significantly, the bright emissions for double‐zigzag frameworks of 1 and 3 and weak ones for polyrotaxane frameworks of 2 and 4 also show interesting mechanochromic luminescence.