bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing Peripheral Intravenous Line Infections: Recommendations for Healthcare Facilities
Authors: Moureau Nancy 
Published: January 2010

Intravascular catheters are indispensable tools in acute care, but with the benefits come the risk of local or systemic Healthcare Acquired Infections (HAIs). In fact, more than 250,000–500,000 intravascular-related bloodstream infections occur in the United States each year with resulting mortality rates of 12%–25%. (Maki, Kluger & Crnich, 2006; CDC, 2002). While bloodstream infections related to the use of peripheral lines may not occur as often as they do with central lines, they do occur. Although most studies focus on central catheter-related bloodstream infections due to their greater documented prevalence and severity, some studies have evaluated the prevalence of peripheral intravenous catheter-associated bloodstream infections. In 2006 Maki reviewed 200 studies that prospectively examined the risk of Bloodstream Infections (BSIs) associated with intravascular devices over a forty year period. The infection rate with peripheral intravenous catheters was 0.5 per 1000 catheter days. Though the frequency of peripheral intravenous catheter-associated infections is lower than with other intravascular devices, absolute numbers of patients affected can be significant with more than 330 million peripheral catheters sold each year in the United States (Millennium Research Group, 2006). Some doctors are stressing the need to use a peripheral line versus early placement of a central line with the rationale to reduce infection rates. Multiple national and international guidelines advocate a number of simple, yet highly effective procedures to reduce risk of central venous catheter infections. Some of these same guidelines should be applied as standards for peripheral catheters. By standardizing protocols across all types of catheter insertions, safety is ensured in reducing infections and ultimately improving patient care.
Clinical Performance and Nursing Satisfaction of a Transparent Chlorhexidine Gluconate IV Securement Dressing with Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters
Authors: Maryniak Kim 
Published: January 2010

Background: Bloodstream Infections (BSI) caused by central venous catheters, including peripherally inserted central catheters, can result in longer patient stays and increased complications. Using methods of best practice is needed to reduce the occurrence of these infections. Objective: To evaluate both the clinical performance and nursing satisfaction is using the 3M Tegaderm CHG IV Securement Dressing®. Methods: Prospective, controlled, convenience sampling and in a single center, comparing using the 3M Tegaderm CHG IV Securement Dressing® to a regular transparent semi-permeable dressing There were a total of 107 patients in the study sample, and 110 patients in the control sample. Results: The results of the satisfaction survey for the investigational dressing group compared with the control dressing group reflected significant p-values of the following primary efficacy variable (1–5 Likert scale), “Overall performance of dressing” (p=0.019951). Conclusions: The 3M Tegaderm CHG IV Securement Dressing® was easy to apply, able to absorb fluid and mold and conform around the PICC catheters, and rated highly by staff nurses for overall performance of the dressing compared to control dressing.
Location, sidedness, and sex distribution of intracranial arachnoid cysts in a population-based sample
Authors: Helland Christian A. , Lund-Johansen Morten , Wester Knut 
Published: January 2010

Object
The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of intracranial arachnoid cysts in a large and unselected patient population with special emphasis on sidedness and sex distribution.

Methods
In total, 299 patients with 305 arachnoid cysts were studied. These patients were consecutively referred to our department during a 20-year period from a well-defined geographical area with a stable population.

Results
There was a strong predilection (198 patients [66.2%]) for intracranial arachnoid cysts in the temporal fossa. Forty-two patients had cysts overlying the frontal convexity, 36 had cysts in the posterior fossa, and 23 patients had cysts in other, different locations. Of 269 cysts with clearly unilateral distribution, 163 were located on the left side and 106 on the right side. This difference resulted from the marked preponderance of temporal fossa cysts on the left side (left-to-right ratio 2.5:1; p < 0.0001 [adjusted < 0.0005]). For cysts in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), there was preponderance on the right side (p = 0.001 [adjusted = 0.005]). Significantly more males than females had cysts in the temporal fossa (p = 0.002 [adjusted = 0.004]), whereas in the CPA a significant female preponderance was found (p = 0.016 [adjusted = 0.032]). For all other cyst locations, there was no difference between the 2 sexes.

Conclusions
Arachnoid cysts have a strong predilection for the temporal fossa. There is a sex dependency for some intracranial locations of arachnoid cysts, with temporal cysts occurring more frequently in men, and CPA cysts found more frequently in women. Furthermore, there is a strong location-related sidedness for arachnoid cysts, independent of patient sex. These findings and reports from the literature suggest a possible genetic component in the development of some arachnoid cysts.
Long-term outcomes of Gamma Knife radiosurgery in patients with vestibular schwannomas
Authors: Murphy Erin S. , Barnett Gene H. , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Neyman Gennady , Stevens Glen H. J. , Cohen Bruce H. , Elson Paul , Vassil Andrew D. , Suh John H. 
Published: January 2010

Object
The authors sought to determine the long-term tumor control and side effects of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in patients with vestibular schwannomas (VS).

Methods
One hundred seventeen patients with VS underwent GKRS between January 1997 and February 2003. At the time of analysis, at least 5 years had passed since GKRS in all patients. The mean patient age was 60.9 years. The mean maximal tumor diameter was 1.77 ± 0.71 cm. The mean tumor volume was 1.95 ± 2.42 ml. Eighty-two percent of lesions received 1300 cGy and 14% received 1200 cGy. The median dose homogeneity ratio was 1.97 and the median dose conformality ratio was 1.78. Follow-up included MR imaging or CT scanning approximately every 6–12 months. Rates of progression to surgery were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results
Of the 117 patients in whom data were analyzed, 103 had follow-up MR or CT images and 14 patients were lost to follow-up. Fifty-three percent of patients had stable tumors and 37.9% had a radiographically documented response. Imaging-documented tumor progression was present in 8 patients (7.8%), but in 3 of these the lesion eventually stabilized. Only 5 patients required a neurosurgical intervention. The estimated 1-, 3-, and 5-year rates of progression to surgery were 1, 4.6, and 8.9%, respectively. One patient (1%) developed trigeminal neuropathy, 4 patients (5%) developed permanent facial neuropathy, 3 patients (4%) reported vertigo, and 7 patients (18%) had new gait imbalance following GKRS.

Conclusions
Gamma Knife radiosurgery results in excellent local control rates with minimal toxicity for patients with VS. The authors recommend standardized follow-up to gain a better understanding of the long-term effects of GKRS.
Bariatric surgery for the treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Fridley Jared , Foroozan Rod , Sherman Vadim , Brandt Mary L. , Yoshor Daniel 
Published: January 2010

Object
The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the effectiveness of bariatric surgery for obese patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) with regard to both symptom resolution and resolution of visual deficits.

Methods
The published literature was reviewed using manual and electronic search techniques. Data from each relevant manuscript were gathered, analyzed, and compared. These included demographic data, pre- and postoperative symptoms, pre- and postoperative visual field deficits, bariatric procedure type, absolute weight loss, changes in body mass index, and changes in CSF opening pressure.

Results
Eleven relevant publications (including 6 individual case reports) were found, reporting on a total of 62 patients. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was the most common bariatric procedure performed. Fifty-six (92%) of 61 patients with recorded postoperative clinical history had resolution of their presenting IIH symptoms following bariatric surgery. Thirty-four (97%) of 35 patients who had undergone pre- and postoperative funduscopy were found to have resolution of papilledema postoperatively. Eleven (92%) of 12 patients who had undergone pre- and postoperative formal visual field testing had complete or nearly complete resolution of visual field deficits, and the remaining patient had stabilization of previously progressive vision loss. In 13 patients both pre- and postoperative CSF pressures were recorded, with an average postoperative pressure decrease of 254 mm H2O. Changes in weight loss and body mass index varied depending on the reported postoperative follow-up interval.

Conclusions
The published Class IV evidence suggests that bariatric surgery may be an effective treatment for IIH in obese patients, both in terms of symptom resolution and visual outcome. Prospective, controlled studies are necessary for better elucidation of its role.
A NEW RACE OF ARGYNNIS CYBELE FROM NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: McDunnough J. 
Published: January 2010

Argynnis cybele Fabr. is generally distinguished from the closely allied A.aphrodite Fabr. by the following two features : (I) the veins of the central area of the primaries in the male sex are thickened by sex-scales; (2) on the underside of the secondaries the yellow submarginal band is broad and clear and not invaded by the red-brown color of the basal section.While collecting in Nova Scotia during the months of June aud July, 1934, at South Milford and at White Point Beach, near Liverpool, I took a series of an Argynnid which struck me at the time as strongly resembling aphrodite on the underside but which on the upperside of the forewings showed the heavy sex-scaling on the veins in the male sex which would consequently indicate cybele.
NOTES AND NEW SPECIES OF MICROLEPIDOPTERA FROM WASHINGTON STATE
Authors: Clarke J. F. G. 
Published: January 2010

On June 17, 1934, three or four green cones of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. were collected which showed some insect damage.Upon examination, almost mature larvae of this Dioryctria were observed to have eaten away practically the entire inner portion of the cone, leaving the axis and the outer portion.attached at the top and bottom so as to form a rather large retreat.Of the two moths obtained, one emerged June 26 and the other June 29, 1934.
SPIDERS FROM THE LAC ST. JEAN REGION OF QUEBEC
Authors: Crosby C. R. , Zorsch Helen M. 
Published: January 2010

A week's vacation in the delightful Lac St. Jean country netted an interesting list of spiders. No attempt was made ta make a general collection. We were primarily interested in the Linyphiidae and collected mostly by sifting moss and forest litter.At Bagotville we sifted moss on the wooded cliffs overlooking Ha-Ha Bay and in a little marecage nearby. These specimens are dated July 26, 1934.
THE ROLE OF INSECT LIFE IN ONTARIO STREAMS AND LAKES
Authors: Harkness William J. K. 
Published: January 2010

There is in Ontario a water area of approximately 80,000 square miles which is about one-fifth of the total area of the province. As this water area is so great in extent the life of whiich it cointains is significant economically as well as biologically.In every body of water, stream, pond, or lake there is a community of living organisms the individuals of which are practically independent of life outside of the water but which are absolutely inter-dependent upon one another.
THE LIFE HISTORY OF CALEPHELIS BOREALIS (LEPIDOPTERA)
Authors: Dos Passos Cyril F. 
Published: January 2010

Until quite recently, nothing seems to have been accomplished toward solving the life histories of any NorthAmerican species grouped in the genus Calephelis Grote & Robinson, but in 1928 (Bull. So. Calif. Ac. SC. XXVII: 80) and 1932 (Bull. So. Calif. Ac. Sc. XXXI :12) those indefatigable students of the preparatory stages of Californian lepidoptera, Dr. John A. Cornstock and Commander Charles M. Dammers, published the life histories of C. australis Edwards and C. nemesis Edwards, illustrated in their usual beautiful manner.On July 17th, 1932, while collecting lepidoptera with Mr. Frank E. Watson near Newton, New Jersey, he took our first specimen of C. borealis Grote & Robinson in a field near the edge of an open woods. Further search resulted in the capture of eleven more specimens, all in the woods, in this respect confirming the habitat mentioned by Dr. A. F. Brower (1929 Ent. News XL :125).
A NEW ARCTIC BAETID (EPHEMEROPTERA)
Authors: McDunnough J. 
Published: January 2010

During the month of August, 1935, Mr. W. J. Brown, who accompanied the Arctic trip of the S. S. Nascopie, was enabled to make insect collections at Lake Harbor, on the south coast of Baffin Island.The only species of Ephemeroptera obtained were two Baetids which were plentiful in both nymphal and adult state and for which definite associations between nymph and adult were secured.The one species, which occurred in both sexes, bears so much resemblance to Acentrella lapponica Bngtsson. that I am holding it under this name pending an examination of some of the material by Professor Bengtsson. The second species, a typical Baetis, could only be found in the female sex, nor could Mr. Brown, in spite of diligent searching, discover any imales amlongst the mature nymphs in the brook; it would seem that the species was parthenogenetic, at 1east as far as thecycle emerging in August was concerned. On nymphal characters it falls in the bicaudatus group, with the middle tail reduced to a stub, but can at once be separated by the much larger and relatively narrower type of gill. The following description is offered as the species appears to be undescribed.
AN UNDESCRIBED PEDICULOIDID MITE FROM THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS
Authors: Jacot Arthur Paul 
Published: January 2010

The Pediculoididae are so strongly sexually dimorphic that there is little resemblance between the sexes, necessitating two sets of keys. As I am particularly interested in the females, they only are here discussed.In Pediculoides the abdomen tapers posteriad to a blunt point, in all the other genotypes the abdomen is more or less truncate and angular behind. Pygmephorus (often misspelled) has tarsi I swollen and much longer than tibiae I. In Pediculopsis they are subequal. Resinacarus also has large tarsi I. In figure 12 the line around the middle of tarsi I is to be taken as a constriction rather than a segmental boundary. The bristles of legs I are not identical in figures 9 and 12, nor are the bristles of dorsal plates I and III. Resinacarus has three pairs of prothoracic bristles while the type of Pygmephorus has two pairs.
MISCELLANEOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE LABORATORY BREEDING OF FLESH FLIES AND OFMELANOPLUS BIVITTATUSSAY
Authors: Brown A. W. A. 
Published: January 2010

The species of flesh-fly under consideration areWohlfahrtia vigilWlk.,Calliphora crythrocephalaMg., andLucilia sericataMg.Oviposition under laboratory conditions occurred in most cases at night. Under outdoor conditions wild individuals of these species were observed to oviposit only during the day. Lack of disturbance in the cages is suggested as the deciding factor, since temperature and light were kept constant night and day.The site of oviposition preferred is the undersurface of a dry ledge of the meat. On being disturbed the ovipositing female is loth to leave the site.
THE LAUXANIIDAE (DIPTERA) OF SOUTHERN QUEBEC AND ADJACENT REGIONS
Authors: Shewell G. E. 
Published: January 2010

1. Wings with distinct infusationsWings without infuscations2. Apex of the second vein of the wing very little or not at all infuscated; the other infuscations mainly confined to the veins, faint on the membrane; head large; frons swollen, lemon yellow in fresh specimens; hairs and bristles on ventral part of head and thorax and on legs very fine, golden; abdomen short; (Figs. 37, 64) citreifrons Malloch ( ♂ ) Apex of second vein distinctly infuscated; other characters not as above
FOUR MORE NEW SPECIES OF MEALYBUGS FROM NEW YORK STATE. (HEMIPTERA: KERMIDAE AND PSEUDOCOCCIDAE)
Authors: Rau George J. 
Published: January 2010

Described from a series of specimens.Holotype deposited in my own collection.Paratypes in various institutional collections.Adult Female: In Life:—Enclosed in a tough, brownish-white, felted, elongate sac, on the underside of the leaves of Hystrix patula Moench and on several other undetermined species of grasses. Living insects removed from sacs are dark red, retaining that color in KOH.
TWO APPARENTLY NEW CANADIAN SPECIES OF SPARGANOTHIS
Authors: Freeman T. N. 
Published: January 2010

Palpi, vertex, and thorax, fawn colored. Frons with appressed white scales, overhung with long ochreous scales.Male. Fore wing above, light fawn; finely and uniformly reticulate with purplish black, two or three reticulations widened at the costal third, with the spaces between these reticulations reflecting cupreous and causing this area to appear as an indistinct costal spot; a similar costal spot two-thirds from the base, and one at the middle near the edge of the posterior margin; a small oblong discal spot at the end of the cell.
A PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE ODONATA OF SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Walker E. M. 
Published: January 2010

For many years the writer has been endeavouring to obtain collections of Odonata from all parts of Canada as a basis for a study of their distriburion.Preliminary lists have been published for most of the provinces but very little has hitherto appeared on the odonate fauna of Saskatchewan. The nearest approach to a list of the species from this province is contained in an early paper by the writer ('12b) in which records of nineteen species from Saskatchewan are given.
VARIATION IN THE NORTH AMERICAN ODYNERUS (RYGCHIUM) DORSALIS (FABRICIUS) (HYMENOPTERA, VESPIDAE)
Authors: Bequaert J. 
Published: January 2010

Odynerus dorsalis, one of the largest of North American Eumenine wasps, may be recognized by the following characters.Clypeus of female about one and one-third times as wide as long, the straight apical margin about one-fourth of the grearest width, with slight, blunt edges, the surface flattened medially and with scattering, medium-sized punctures; of male, slightly wider than long, the apical margin very slightly curved inward or almost straight, with the edges more prominent and sharper than in the female, the surface flattened medially and much more sparsely punctate than in the female.
NEW SPECIES OF CANADIAN LEPIDOPTERA
Authors: Freeman T. N. 
Published: January 2010

From our insect faunal surveys of the maritime provinces of Canada, we have accumulated a long series of a species of Eubaphe which inhabits the cold sphagnum bogs, and being quite unlike any so far described, I propose for it the name:Eubaphe lamae n. sp.Male. Antennae black, light above. Palpi, head, thorax and fore wings dark brown with a slight orange tinge more noticeable along the costa; usually a well defined subcircular white spot just below the origin of Cu2; an obscure black spot at the upper end of the cell, beyond which is a faintly orange area.
NEW SPFCIES OF HERCOSTOMUS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA (DIPTERA, DOLICHOPODIDAE)
Authors: Harmston F. C. , Knowlton G. F. 
Published: January 2010

The following paper deals with six apparently undescribed species of Hercostomus collected from localities in the western United States and Canada.Hercostomus chaetilamellus n. sp.Male. Length, 4 mm.; of wing, 3.8 mm. Face wide, silvery white. Front silvery white, concolorous with face. Antennae black, the third joint about as long as broad, evenly rounded below. Orbital cilia white, the uppermost bristle black. Palpi and proboscis yellow.
A NEW SPECIES OF TICK FOUND ON SHREWS
Authors: Gregson J. D. 
Published: January 2010

FEMALE. Dimensions of unengorged holotype–1.2 mm. (to tip of scapula) x .78 mm. Colour–pale, dirty white, engorged specimens pale and yellowish.Capitulum. Length 340 microns (tip of hypostome io dorsal ridge); width (at cornua) 300 microns. Surface of basis capituli smooth and impunctate. Cornua heavily chitinized but not prominent.
FOUR NEW SPECIES OF MESAMIA (HOMOPTERA, CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Beamer R. H. 
Published: January 2010

Resembling M. prescotia Ball but with vertex margins meeting at distinctly more than a right angle. Length 4 mm.Vertex flat slightly excavated, almost one-half wider between eyes than length at middle, margins slightly curved out, meeting at distinctly more than a right angle.
A NEW CERAMBYCID BEETLE FROM OREGON (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Fisher W. S. 
Published: January 2010

In a small collection of Coleoptera received for identification from Borys Malkin, the following new species was found.Phymatodes malkini n. sp.Piceous, except antennae, legs in part, base of thorax, mesosternum, metasternum, and triangular basal area of elytra, which are yellowish brown.
NEW DESCRIPTIONS OF LARVAE OF FOREST INSECTS, III, ZANCLOGNATHA, PALTHIS, AND AUTOGRAPHA, (LEPIDOPTERA, PHALAENIDAE)
Authors: Brown A. W. A. , McGuffin W. C. 
Published: January 2010

Penultimate Instar. Head width 1.0 to 1.3 mm. Body length 7 to 10 mm. Otherwise similar to ultimate instar.Ultimate Instar. Head width 1.3 to 1.5 mm. Body from 9 to 11 mm. long and from 1.5 to 1.7 mm. wide; shape subcylindrical, broadest at first abdominal segment, eighth abdominal segment with a dorsal swelling; skin densely covered with minute conical granules; ground colour pale yellow, cream-coloured, or greyish-white, heavily mottled with dark brown, dark grey, or ruddy-brown, often with a pink suffusion, venter lightly tinged with reddish-brown or even green.
ABAandABABDesigns
Authors: Kirk Roger E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSingle‐case designs are often used to assess the effects of an intervention. The designs usually focus on one participant who is observed numerous times. Large‐sample designs, by comparison, use many participants who are observed only a few times. The simplest single‐case design is the AB design. The letter A denotes a baseline phase during which no intervention is in effect; the letter B denotes the intervention phase. The baseline phase serves three purposes. It provides data about a participant's performance prior to instituting an intervention, it provides a basis for predicting a participant's future performance in the absence of an intervention, and it indicates the normal variability in the participant's performance.
Abnormal Psychology
Authors: Getzfeld Andrew R. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
A number of laypeople will be more than happy to say that they know when someone is suffering from mental illness and that they know abnormal behavior when they see it. They purport to be experts on abnormal psychology, with the ability to recognize and perhaps even diagnose abnormality in their fellow human beings. Of course, many of these individuals are incorrect. Here is an example.
Abnormality
Authors: Lilienfeld Scott O. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFrom time immemorial, societies have consistently classified a small minority of people in their midst as psychologically “abnormal.” The classic research of Jane Murphy (1976) demonstrates that people in non‐Western cultures, such as the Yorubas of Nigeria and the Yupic‐speaking Eskimos of Alaska, readily recognize certain behaviors as abnormal. Moreover, many of these behaviors, such as talking to oneself, are similar to those regarded as abnormal in Western society. Murphy's findings suggest that the concept of abnormality is not entirely culturally relative, and that individuals in disparate cultures often label comparable behaviors as abnormal.