bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of estrous cycle phase on clinical pathology values in beagle dogs
Authors: Willson Cynthia J. , Chandra Sundeep A. , Kimbrough Carie L. , Jordan Holly L. 
Published: January 2012

BackgroundIn dogs, the diestrus phase is considerably longer than in most domestic animals, and is characterized by high circulating progesterone concentrations that may influence clinical pathology values.ObjectiveThe objective of this retrospective study was to investigate differences in clinical pathology data in dogs in diestrus compared with data from dogs in all other phases of the estrous cycle.MethodsPhase of the estrous cycle was determined by histologic evaluation of reproductive tissues from 86 control female Beagles that had participated in 23 toxicity studies. Serum biochemical, hematologic, and urinalysis values from dogs in diestrus were compared with data from dogs in all other estrous cycle phases using a 2‐tailed t‐test.ResultsIn Beagles in diestrus (n = 38), serum cholesterol concentrations and eosinophil counts were 35% (P < .0001) and 45.8% (P = .0035) higher, respectively, than for Beagles in all other phases of the estrous cycle (n = 48). Furthermore, Beagles in diestrus had 14% lower AST activity (P = .0011), 1% lower chloride concentration (P = .0224), 7.8% lower hemoglobin concentration (P < .0001), 7.8% lower RBC count (P < .0001), and 7.6% lower hematocrit (P < .0001) compared with female dogs in all other phases of the estrous cycle. Urine values did not differ significantly between groups.ConclusionsDifferences in clinical pathology values between dogs in different phases of the estrous cycle could potentially confound interpretation of data in toxicity studies, which often have small group sizes. Interpretation of clinical pathology data in female dogs should be performed with due consideration given to the phase of the estrous cycle.
Disseminated protothecosis diagnosed by evaluation of CSF in a dog
Authors: Lane Laura V. , Meinkoth James H. , Brunker Jill , Smith Stephen K. , Snider Timothy A. , Thomas John , Bradway Dan , Love Brenda C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA 5‐year‐old female spayed Shetland Sheepdog Mix dog was evaluated for a history of recent seizure activity, progressive hind limb ataxia, polyuria, and polydipsia and no history of gastrointestinal signs. Physical examination findings included conscious proprioceptive deficits, ataxia, and anterior uveitis along with a hypermature cataract in the right eye. Results of a CBC, serum biochemical profile, urinalysis, and computed tomography scan of the brain were unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed marked eosinophilic pleocytosis and rare organisms consistent with Prototheca spp within neutrophils and macrophages. On postmortem histologic examination, mononuclear inflammation and numerous intralesional algal organisms, similar to those seen on the cytologic preparation of CSF, were found in the brain, eyes, kidneys, and heart. Abnormalities were not detected on gross and histologic examination of the gastrointestinal tract. Cultures of CSF and subdural/olfactory bulb, but not intestinal tract, yielded growth of Prototheca spp, and PCR analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed the organism as Prototheca zopfii genotype 2. We have reported a rare case of disseminated protothecosis that was diagnosed by evaluation of CSF in a dog presented with neurologic signs and no overt enteric disease. Protothecosis should be considered as a rare cause of seizures, even in the absence of obvious enteric signs, and should be included in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilic pleocytosis.
A review of foal diarrhoea from birth to weaning
Authors: Mallicote M. , House A. M. , Sanchez L. C. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryDiarrhoea is among the most common clinical complaints in foals. Aetiologies, diagnostic testing and recommended interventions for specific causes of enterocolitis are summarised. Many mild to moderately affected foals can be managed in an ambulatory setting, while others will benefit from more intensive care at a referral centre.
Surgical colic in racing endurance horses
Authors: Alexander G. R. , Haines G. R. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryA retrospective study was performed of horses that developed colic during endurance racing, and subsequently required surgery. Fifteen horses met the inclusion criteria, of which 13 (87%) had small intestinal volvulus. Nine of the 15 horses (60%) had a small intestinal resection and anastomosis performed. Post operative ileus, particularly in those horses that had a resection performed, was a common complication. Eleven of the 15 (73%) survived, and 4 (27%) have since raced.
Granulosa cell tumour: An interesting case in a pregnant mare
Authors: Crabtree J. R. , Brennan M. J. , Foote A. K. , Pycock J. F. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThis report describes the successful management of a pregnant 14‐year‐old seven‐eighths Thoroughbred mare with an ovarian granulosa cell tumour. The mare initially presented with unilateral ovarian enlargement whilst being managed for artificial insemination, demonstrating normal ovarian function with ovulation from the contralateral ovary leading to conception. The mare subsequently re‐presented with stallion‐like behaviour at 3.5 months gestation and ovarian suppression was evident. The mare maintained her pregnancy and delivered a live colt foal at term. Ovariectomy was performed 3 months post foaling and the mare regained cyclic activity 9 months post surgery. The mare then conceived and became pregnant once more. The diagnostic and therapeutic challenges during pregnancy are discussed.
The equine gastrosplenic ligament: Anatomy and clinical considerations
Authors: Hunt L. , Paterson E. , Sare H. , Kearney C. , McAllister H. , David F. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryA gelding was referred for colic and inguinal wound evaluation. Abdominal ultrasound showed distended, oedematous and immotile small intestine abaxial to the spleen. An exploratory laparotomy revealed jejunal incarceration through a rent in the gastrosplenic ligament (GSL). The rent in the GSL was opened and surgical correction (resection and anastomosis of nonviable jejunum) performed. The GSL was left open. The horse recovered uneventfully and one year after surgery no further episodes of colic have been observed.
Elbow arthroscopy: Indications, approaches and syndromes
Authors: Nixon A. J. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryElbow arthroscopy is not commonly performed and can be challenging due to surrounding neurovascular and muscle structures. Three approaches provide access to the various compartments and joint surfaces of the elbow except the proximal radius. Indications for diagnostic arthroscopy include septic arthritis, osteochondral chip fracture, assisted reduction of adjacent epiphyseal fractures, developmental orthopaedic disease and staging of osteoarthritis. Outcome is determined by extent of joint disruption and control of infectious agents.
Melanoma in horses: Current perspectives
Authors: Moore J. S. , Shaw C. , Shaw E. , Buechner‐Maxwell V. , Scarratt W. K. , Crisman M. , Furr M. , Robertson J. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryDebate surrounding the nature of equine melanoma has resulted in an underestimation of its life‐threatening potential. Contrary to popular dogma, the variable, often slow, rate of growth commonly associated with equine melanoma does not warrant benign classification. Equine melanoma is a malignant neoplasm with the capacity for local invasion and metastasis. A classification scheme was proposed in 1995, but this does not address the progressive nature of equine malignant melanoma (EMM). Additionally, frustration with conflicting therapeutic recommendations has led many practitioners to inappropriately advocate benign neglect. This article addresses the need for a clinically applicable, standardised classification system, provides a review of current therapies and recommendations for equine practitioners, and comments on the future directions of EMM research.
Predictors of Cultural Values Conflict for Asian Indian Women
Authors: Kaduvettoor‐Davidson Anju , Inman Arpana G. 
Published: January 2012

This study explored the relationship between the family environments and coping styles and the cultural values conflicts of 110 Asian Indian women. Results indicated that women perceiving supportive family environments had less sex role conflict. Additionally, avoidant and emotion‐focused coping predicted high conflict regarding intimate relations and sex role expectations. Implications are discussed.Este estudio exploró la relación entre los entornos familiares y los estilos de afrontamiento y los conflictos en valores culturales de 110 mujeres de la India. Los resultados indicaron que las mujeres que perciben un entorno familiar que las apoya sufren menos conflictos con el rol de su sexo. Adicionalmente, el afrontamiento centrado en la evitación y las emociones predijo un nivel de conflicto elevado relacionado con las relaciones íntimas y las expectativas del rol de su sexo. Se discuten las implicaciones.
Perceived Racism and Encouragement Among African American Adults
Authors: Rowles Joanna , Duan Changming 
Published: January 2012

The effects of spirituality, racial socialization, and ethnic pride on encouragement in the face of racism among African American adults (N= 201) were investigated. The negative relationship between perceived racism and encouragement disappeared when spirituality, ethnic pride, and a racial socialization history were entered into the regression equation.Se investigaron los efectos de la espiritualidad, la socialización racial y el orgullo étnico sobre el ánimo para enfrentarse al racismo entre adultos Afroamericanos (N = 201). La relación negativa entre el racismo percibido y el ánimo desapareció cuando se introdujeron en la ecuación regresiva la espiritualidad, el orgullo étnico y una historia de socialización racial.
A Phenomenological Analysis of the Invisibility Syndrome
Authors: Tovar‐Murray Darrick , Tovar‐Murray Maria 
Published: January 2012

Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore 10 African American men's perceptions of invisibility. Participants perceived invisibility as an extra unwarranted burden that is accompanied by feelings of hopelessness, anxiety, and anger. Participants also coped with invisibility by finding safe havens within the Black community. Implications for counselors are discussed.Se empleó el análisis interpretativo fenomenológico para explorar las percepciones de invisibilidad de 10 varones Afroamericanos. Los participantes percibían la invisibilidad como una carga extra injustificada que va acompañada de sentimientos de desesperanza, ansiedad y rabia. Los participantes también afrontaban la invisibilidad encontrando refugio entre la comunidad Negra. Se discuten las implicaciones para consejeros.
Experiences of a Course on the Culture of Whiteness in Counselor Education
Authors: Rothman Terri , Malott Krista M. , Paone Tina R. 
Published: January 2012

This study examined counseling students' experiences of a group course on the culture of Whiteness. The students reported changes in their White racial identities that included a new awareness of personal race, racial privileges, and a commitment to antiracism. Course tenets cited by students as promoting learning are included.Este estudio examinó las experiencias de un grupo de estudiantes de consejería de un curso sobre la cultura de la Blancura. Los estudiantes informaron de un cambio en su identidad racial Blanca que incluía una renovada conciencia personal sobre la raza, los privilegios raciales y un compromiso con el antirracismo. Se incluyen los principios del curso que los estudiantes citaron como promotores del aprendizaje.
Survival on the Streets: Experiences of the Homeless Population and Constructive Suggestions for Assistance
Authors: McBride Rebecca G. 
Published: January 2012

This phenomenological study explored the experiences and needs of 11 individuals of the homeless population. Results revealed 5 themes: need for employment, perceptions of needs, perceptions of programs and shelters, coping mechanisms, and perceptions of treatment. Counseling implications for practice are discussed.Este estudio fenomenológico explore las experiencias y necesidades de 11 individuos de la población sin techo. Los resultados revelaron 5 temas: la necesidad de empleo, las percepciones de sus necesidades, las percepciones de los programas y albergues, los mecanismos de afrontamiento y las percepciones de tratamiento. Se discuten las implicaciones para la práctica de la consejería.
Telavancin Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Patients with Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections and Various Degrees of Renal Function
Authors: Lodise T. P. , Butterfield J. M. , Hegde S. S. , Samara E. , Barriere S. L. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

This study characterized the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved telavancin renal dose adjustment schemes. A previously published two-compartment open model with first-order elimination and a combined additive and proportional residual error model derived from 749 adult subjects in 11 clinical trials was used to simulate the individual concentration-time profiles for 10,260 subjects (NONMEM). The dosing regimens simulated were 10 mg/kg of body weight once daily for individuals with creatinine clearances (CL
CR
s) of >50 ml/min, 7.5 mg/kg once daily for individuals with CL
CR
s of 30 to 50 ml/min, and 10 mg/kg every 2 days for those with CL
CR
s of <30 ml/min. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) under one dosing interval (AUC
τ
) was computed as dose/CL. The probability of achieving an AUC
τ
/MIC ratio of ≥219 was evaluated separately for each renal dosing scheme. Evaluation of the dosing regimens demonstrated similar AUC values across the different renal function groups. For all renal dosing strata, >90% of the simulated subjects achieved an AUC
τ
/MIC ratio of ≥219 for MIC values as high as 2 mg/liter. For patients with CL
CR
s of <30 ml/min, the probability of target attainment (PTA) exceeded 90% for both the AUC
0–24
(AUC from 0 to 24 h) and AUC
24–48
intervals for MICs of ≤1 mg/liter. At a MIC of 2 mg/liter, the PTAs were 89.3% and 23.6% for the AUC
0–24
and AUC
24–48
intervals, respectively. The comparable PTA profiles for the three dosing regimens across their respective dosing intervals indicate that the dose adjustments employed in phase III trials for complicated skin and skin structure infections were appropriate.
Ketoamide Resistance and Hepatitis C Virus Fitness in Val55 Variants of the NS3 Serine Protease
Authors: Welsch Christoph , Schweizer Sabine , Shimakami Tetsuro , Domingues Francisco S. , Kim Seungtaek , Lemon Stanley M. , Antes Iris 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Drug-resistant viral variants are a major issue in the use of direct-acting antiviral agents in chronic hepatitis C. Ketoamides are potent inhibitors of the NS3 protease, with V55A identified as mutation associated with resistance to boceprevir. Underlying molecular mechanisms are only partially understood. We applied a comprehensive sequence analysis to characterize the natural variability at Val55 within dominant worldwide patient strains. A residue-interaction network and molecular dynamics simulation were applied to identify mechanisms for ketoamide resistance and viral fitness in Val55 variants. An infectious H77S.3 cell culture system was used for variant phenotype characterization. We measured antiviral 50% effective concentration (EC
50
) and fold changes, as well as RNA replication and infectious virus yields from viral RNAs containing variants. Val55 was found highly conserved throughout all hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes. The conservative V55A and V55I variants were identified from HCV genotype 1a strains with no variants in genotype 1b. Topology measures from a residue-interaction network of the protease structure suggest a potential Val55 key role for modulation of molecular changes in the protease ligand-binding site. Molecular dynamics showed variants with constricted binding pockets and a loss of H-bonded interactions upon boceprevir binding to the variant proteases. These effects might explain low-level boceprevir resistance in the V55A variant, as well as the Val55 variant, reduced RNA replication capacity. Higher structural flexibility was found in the wild-type protease, whereas variants showed lower flexibility. Reduced structural flexibility could impact the Val55 variant's ability to adapt for NS3 domain-domain interaction and might explain the virus yield drop observed in variant strains.
MupB, a New High-Level Mupirocin Resistance Mechanism in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Seah Christine , Alexander David C. , Louie Lisa , Simor Andrew , Low Donald E. , Longtin Jean , Melano Roberto G. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Mupirocin is a topical antibiotic used for the treatment of skin infections and the eradication of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
carriage. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by interfering with isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activity. High-level mupirocin resistance (MIC of ≥512 μg/ml) is mediated by the expression of
mupA
(
ileS2
), which encodes an alternate isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. In this study, we describe high-level mupirocin resistance mediated by a novel locus,
mupB
. The
mupB
gene (3,102 bp) shares 65.5% sequence identity with
mupA
but only 45.5% identity with
ileS
. The deduced MupB protein shares 58.1% identity (72.3% similarity) and 25.4% identity (41.8% similarity) with MupA and IleS, respectively. Despite this limited homology, MupB contains conserved motifs found in class I tRNA synthetases. Attempts to transfer high-level mupirocin resistance via conjugation or transformation (using plasmid extracts from an
mupB
-containing strain) were unsuccessful. However, by cloning the
mupB
gene into a shuttle vector, it was possible to transfer the resistance phenotype to susceptible
S. aureus
by electroporation, proving that
mupB
was responsible for the high-level mupirocin resistance. Further studies need to be done to determine the prevalence of
mupB
and to understand risk factors and outcomes associated with resistance mediated by this gene.
Attenuation-Based Dual-Fluorescent-Protein Reporter for Screening Translation Inhibitors
Authors: Osterman Ilya A. , Prokhorova Irina V. , Sysoev Vasily O. , Boykova Yulia V. , Efremenkova Olga V. , Svetlov Maxim S. , Kolb Vyacheslav A. , Bogdanov Alexey A. , Sergiev Petr V. , Dontsova Olga A. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

A reporter construct was created on the basis of the transcription attenuator region of the
Escherichia coli
tryptophan operon. Dual-fluorescent-protein genes for red fluorescent protein and cerulean fluorescent protein were used as a sensor and internal control of gene expression. The sequence of the attenuator was modified to avoid tryptophan sensitivity while preserving sensitivity to ribosome stalling. Antimicrobial compounds which cause translation arrest at the stage of elongation induce the reporter both in liquid culture and on an agar plate. This reporter could be used for high-throughput screening of translation inhibitors.
In VivoImpact of Met221 Substitution in GOB Metallo-β-Lactamase
Authors: Morán-Barrio Jorgelina , Lisa María-Natalia , Vila Alejandro J. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTMetallo-β-lactamases (MβLs) represent one of the main mechanisms of bacterial resistance against β-lactam antibiotics. The elucidation of their mechanism has been limited mostly by the structural diversity among their active sites. All MβLs structurally characterized so far present a Cys or a Ser residue at position 221, which is critical for catalysis. GOB lactamases stand as an exception within this picture, possessing a Met residue in this location. We studied different mutants in this position, and we show that Met221 is essential for protein stability, most likely due to its involvement in a hydrophobic core. In contrast to other known MβLs, residue 221 is not involved in metal binding or in catalysis in GOB enzymes, further highlighting the structural diversity of MβLs. We also demonstrate the usefulness of protein periplasmic profiles to assess the contribution of protein stability to antibiotic resistance.
Role of Rifampin against Propionibacterium acnes Biofilm
In Vitro
and in an Experimental Foreign-Body Infection Model
Authors: Furustrand Tafin Ulrika , Corvec Stéphane , Betrisey Bertrand , Zimmerli Werner , Trampuz Andrej 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Propionibacterium acnes
is an important cause of orthopedic-implant-associated infections, for which the optimal treatment has not yet been determined. We investigated the activity of rifampin, alone and in combination, against planktonic and biofilm
P. acnes in vitro
and in a foreign-body infection model. The MIC and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 0.007 and 4 μg/ml for rifampin, 1 and 4 μg/ml for daptomycin, 1 and 8 μg/ml for vancomycin, 1 and 2 μg/ml for levofloxacin, 0.03 and 16 μg/ml for penicillin G, 0.125 and 512 μg/ml for clindamycin, and 0.25 and 32 μg/ml for ceftriaxone. The
P. acnes
minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was 16 μg/ml for rifampin; 32 μg/ml for penicillin G; 64 μg/ml for daptomycin and ceftriaxone; and ≥128 μg/ml for levofloxacin, vancomycin, and clindamycin. In the animal model, implants were infected by injection of 10
9
CFU
P. acnes
in cages. Antimicrobial activity on
P. acnes
was investigated in the cage fluid (planktonic form) and on explanted cages (biofilm form). The cure rates were 4% for daptomycin, 17% for vancomycin, 0% for levofloxacin, and 36% for rifampin. Rifampin cured 63% of the infected cages in combination with daptomycin, 46% with vancomycin, and 25% with levofloxacin. While all tested antimicrobials showed good activity against planktonic
P. acnes
, for eradication of biofilms, rifampin was needed. In combination with rifampin, daptomycin showed higher cure rates than with vancomycin in this foreign-body infection model.
Prospective Observational Study Comparing Three Different Treatment Regimes in Patients with Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Wenisch Judith M. , Schmid Daniela , Kuo Hung-Wei , Allerberger Franz , Michl Verena , Tesik Philip , Tucek Gerhard , Laferl Hermann , Wenisch Christoph 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

In a hospital-based, prospective cohort study, the effects of the three standard treatment regimens for mild
Clostridium difficile
infection (CDI), oral (p.o.) metronidazole at 500 mg three times/day, intravenous (i.v.) metronidazole at 500 mg three times/day, and oral (p.o.) vancomycin at 250 mg four times/day, were compared with respect to the risk of occurrence of complications, sequelae, and all-cause death within 30 days after the date of starting treatment. Differences in the incidence of these outcomes were tested by χ
2
or Fisher's exact tests. A Poisson regression model was performed to control for possible confounding effects of sex, age, and severity of comorbidity categorized according to the Charlson comorbidity index. The highest mortality was observed in the metronidazole i.v. group, with a mortality rate 38.1% (16/42) compared to mortality rates of 7.4% (9/121) in the metronidazole p.o. group and 9.5% (4/42) in the vancomycin p.o. group (
P
< 0.001). After adjustment for possible effects of sex, age (>65 years), and severity of comorbidity, the relative risk of a 30-day fatal outcome for patients receiving metronidazole i.v. was 4.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.92 to 10;
P
< 0.0001) compared to patients treated with metronidazole p.o. and 4.0 (95% CI = 1.31 to 5.0;
P
< 0.015) compared to patients treated with vancomycin p.o. There were no significant differences in the risk of complications between the three treatment groups. This study generates the hypothesis that treatment with i.v. metronidazole is inferior to the oral alternatives metronidazole and vancomycin.