bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcitonin gene-related peptide modulates adrenal hormones in conscious dogs
Authors: Murakami Marohito , Suzuki Hiromichi , Nakamoto Hidetomo , Kageyama Yoh , Naitoh Mareo , Sakamaki Youichiro , Saruta Takao 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
The effects of a small dose (2 pmol/kg) of human calcitonin gene-related peptide I on plasma renin activity and hormones, including, aldosterone, ACTH, cortisol, AVP and ANH, were investigated in 14 conscious dogs. In addition, we studied the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on aldosterone secretion when it is stimulated by angiotensin II and ACTH. An intravenous bolus injection of 2 pmol/kg of calcitonin gene-related peptide raised plasma renin activity (by 216%, p<0.05), ACTH (by 85%, p<0.05), AVP (by 89%, p<0.05), and ANH (by 36%, p<0.05). Despite the elevation of plasma renin activity, aldosterone was decreased (by 52%, p<0.05). Cortisol did not change significantly. Infusion of 1 pmol·kg−1 ·min−1 of angiotensin II produced an elevation of aldosterone (by 186%, p<0.01), which was completely inhibited by pretreatment with an injection of 2 pmol/kg of calcitonin gene-related peptide. On the other hand, aldosterone secretion stimulated by ACTH was not altered significantly by pretreatment with an injection of 2 pmol/kg of calcitonin gene-related peptide. These results suggest that calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits aldosterone secretion, especially when aldosterone is stimulated by angiotensin II. In addition, calcitonin gene-related peptide may be involved as an endocrine modulator in the physiological control of other several hormones closely related to the hemodynamics.
Prevention of bone loss by hormone replacement therapy is probably not due to stimulation of calcitonin secretion
Authors: Fletcher C. D. , Farish E. , Leggate J. , Hart D. M. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Weekly fasting serum calcitonin levels and biochemical indices of bone metabolism were measured in 13 postmenopausal women being given hormone replacement therapy over a period of 8 weeks. All of the biochemical indices except urinary hydroxyproline creatinine ratios fell significatly, indicating that the treatments were effective in reducing bone turnover. Calcitonin levels fell significantly and, within the individual, levels were positively correlated with adjusted calcium levels. These findings do not support the theory that estrogen conserves bone by stimulating calcitonin secretion.
Urinary luteinizing hormone testing and prediction of ovulation in spontaneous, clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin-stimulated cycles. A clinical evaluation
Authors: Martinez Antonio R. , Bernardus Rob E. , Kucharska Danka , Schoemaker Joop 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
A urinary luteinizing hormone test was utilized to predict ovulation in 99 spontaneous, 122 clomiphene citrate, and 82 human menopausal gonadotropin stimulated cycles. Tests were performed in early morning and evening specimens and follicular development was monitored by daily ultrasonography. A positive detection rate of 98, 97, and 94%, respectively, was obtained. Evidence of luteinized unruptured follicles was seen more frequently in stimulated cycles, concurring with negative test results. In 2 spontaneous, 1 clomiphene citrate and 5 hMG induced cycles two distinct LH surges were detected concomitant with a pattern of follicular atresia and subsequent new follicular development. Most ovulations occurred between 16 and 28 h after LH detection, signficantly earlier in spontaneous than in clomiphene citrate stimulated cycles (p<0.02), whereas pre-ovulatory follicles were larger in the clomiphene citrate group (p<0.001). The mean duration of the follicular and luteal phases, as calculated from the LH peak, was substantially shorter in the hMG cycles than in the other two groups (p<0.001).
Age, sex, and serum thyrotropin concentrations in primary hypothyroidism
Authors: Wiener Roberto , Utiger Robert D. , Lew Robert , Emerson Charles H. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
We studied the relationship between age, sex, serum thyroxine concentrations, and serum thyrotropin concentrations in 202 patients with primary hypothyroidism whose ages ranged from 10 to 89 years. The results from two groups of patients were analysed, both combined and separately, by multiple linear regression analysis of the factors age, sex, group, and serum free T4 index or serum T4 concentration, to predict serum TSH. The serum free T4 index or T4 values and age were negatively correlated with the serum TSH concentrations (p<0.001) for all comparisons. In contrast, there was no significant relationship between sex and serum TSH concentrations in these hypothyroid patients. The age-related decline in serum TSH concentrations in hypothyroidism was apparent during adolescence and early adult life (ages 10 to 39 years) and in elderly subjects (ages 61 to 89 years). We conclude that age is a determinant of TSH secretion independent of the level of thyroid secretion.
Sex steroids, adiposity and smoking in the pathogenesis of idiopathic hirsutism and polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Byrne Bridgette , Cunningham Sean , Igoe Derval , Conroy Ronan , McKenna T. Joseph 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Hyperestronemia may be central to the development of polycystic ovary syndrome. The present study was designed to examine whether increased availability of androstenedione or increased aromatase closely associated with adiposity, plays the dominant role in the development of hyperestronemia. We measured plasma androstenedione, estrone and the estrone/androstenedione ratio (an indirect index of peripheral aromatase activity), in 141 patients with idiopathic hirsutism and in 88 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Estrone levels were higher in polycystic ovary syndrome, 250.4±129 (mean ± standard deviation) than in idiopathic hirsutism, 210.6±119 pmol/l, p<0.05. Plasma androstenedione levels were higher in polycystic ovary syndrome, 8.24±3.5, than in idiopathic hirsutism, 7.1±1.7 nmol/l, p<0.0025. However, the estrone/androstenedione ratio was similar in the two groups. In all patients who smoked, androstenedione was higher, 8.14±3.22 than in non-smokers, 6.99±2.96 nmol/l, p<0.005. Smokers had a lower body mass index, 23.9±2.3, than non-smokers 25.6±4.8 kg/m2, p<0.025. However, estrone levels were similar in smokers and in non-smokers. These data indicate that elevated estrone is more closely related to increased availability of androstenedione than to increased aromatase activity. While cigarette smoking appears to increase androstenedione levels, it may inhibit aromatase activity either directly or indirectly because of an associated reduction in adiposity. However, since the relative frequency of polycystic ovary syndrome and idiopathic hirsutism was similar in smokers and non-smokers, smoking did not appear to reduce estrone bioactivity as had been claimed.
Lymphocyte subset distribution and natural killer cell activity in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Kiess Wieland , Liu Linda L. , Hall Nicholas R. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Sex-related differences in immune responsiveness are mediated at least in part by sex steroid hormones. Lymphocyte subset distribution in peripheral blood and natural killer cell function both have been reported to be under hormonal control. In order to gain more insight into sex steroid hormone action on the immune system, we have measured the lymphocyte subset distribution and natural killer cell activity in 18 men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism before treatment, and after hormonal treatment had normalized plasma testosterone levels. In untreated patients, the mean plasma testosterone concentrations were significantly lower than those in the treated men (3.0 ± 0.5 nmol/l vs 16 ± 1.7 nmol/l, p < 0.001). The percentage of peripheral CD3+ lymphocytes, CD8+ cells, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and the natural killer cell activity of peripheral mononuclear cells measured in a 51Cr release assay against target K 562 cells did not differ between patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and healthy adults, and most importantly, did not change during hormonal treatment which normalized plasma testosterone levels in the patients. In contrast, the percentage of peripheral CD4+ cells was significantly higher in untreated patients compared with normal adult subjects or patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism after hormonal treatment that resulted in normal plasma testosterone levels (53 ± 2 vs 47 ± 2, p < 0.05). It should be noted that the percentage of peripheral CD 16+ cells was significantly lower in untreated men with low plasma testosterone levels than in normal controls. The percentage of CD16+ cells in peripheral venous blood rose significantly after hormonal treatment restored plasma testosterone levels to normal (6 ± 1 vs 11 ± 1, p < 0.001). In addition, the percentage of peripheral CD16+ cells correlated significantly with the plasma testosterone levels measured in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (r = 0.534, p < 0.001). In conclusion, both the percentage of peripheral CD4+ cells (T-helper lymphocytes) and peripheral CD16+ cells (non-T-non-B cells) are related to the plasma testosterone levels in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. These data suggest that in vivo human immune cells are under the regulatory influence of endogenous sex steroids.
The role of serum thyroglobulin concentration and thyroid ultrasound imaging in the detection of iodide transport defects in infants
Authors: Vulsma Thomas , Rammeloo Johan A. , Gons Margareth H. , de Vijlder Jan J. M. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
When discovered by neonatal screening, a thyroid dyshormonogenesis is usually not recognized as a goitre. Especially a total iodide transport defect can easily be misclassified as thyroid agenesis, since radionuclide imaging cannot visualize the thyroid. We present the only iodide transport defect ever discovered in the Netherlands, the 35th reported in the literature, and the first one found exclusively as a result of neonatal screening. We demonstrate that iodide transport defects, in common with organification and deiodinase defects, can be distinguished from thyroid dysgenesis by demonstrating a normal or enlarged thyroid ultrasound image, and especially by measuring very high serum thyroglobulin levels (above 1000 pmol/l). In the presented case, an iodide-123 saliva-to-serum ratio near unity completed the etiologic classification. Measurement of serum thyroglobulin levels, in combination with thyroid ultrasound imaging, will improve the early identification of hereditary types of congenital hypothyroidism, and especially iodide transport defects, in patients found by neonatal thyroid screening.
Androstanediolglucuronide: A parameter for peripheral androgen activity before and during therapy with cyproterone acetate
Authors: Ponjee Gabriëlle A. E. , de Rooy Hans A. M. , Vader Huib L. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Serum 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diolglucuronide (3α-AdiolG) levels were measured and the degree of hirsutism was scored in female outpatients complaining of excessive hair growth before and during treatment with cyproterone acetate. In a group of 16 patients with idiopathic hirsutism and in a group of 9 patients with either polycystic ovary syndrome and hirsutism or 21-hydroxylase deficiency and hirsutism, the serum 3α-AdiolG levels were significantly increased (p<0.01) as compared with the serum 3α-AdiolG level in a control group of 13 apparently healthy women: 3α-AdiolG levels, median (range), being 5.3 (2.3-7.8) nmol/l, 8.5 (4.1-10.4) nmol/l, and 2.9 (1.5-5.2) nmol/l, respectively. In contrast to a previous report, no correlation was found between the serum 3α-AdiolG levels and the Quetelet Index (N=18, R=0.42, p>0.05), indicating an apparent ineffectiveness of the excessive androgen turnover in fat tissue. The use of the anti-androgen drug cyproterone acetate alone or in combination with ethinylestradiol in reverse sequential therapy did lower the 3α-AdiolG levels significantly (p<0.01) together with a significant decrease (p<0.01) in hirsutism score. From the results of this study we therefore conclude that 3α-AdiolG can be used as a parameter for peripheral androgen action before and during treatment with anti-androgens.
Production of corticosterone and testosterone in scorbutic mutant rats: difference of in vivo production between adrenal gland and testis
Authors: Fukuda Haruki , Ito Yasuhiro , Hirota Ryouji , Tsuji Motomu , Mori Hiroshi 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Effects of deficiency in ascorbic acid on in vivo production of corticosterone and testosterone were examined using a mutant strain of rats unable to synthesize ascorbic acid. The adrenal weight of scorbutic rats was larger, and corticosterone levels in plasma and adrenal tissues were higher than those of ascorbic acid-supplied (ascorbutic) rats. Acute and chronic stimulation with ACTH increased corticosterone levels in both ascorbutic and scorbutic rats. In contrast, weights of seminal vesicles and ventral prostates in unstimulated scorbutic rats were smaller, and testosterone levels in plasma and testicular tissues were lower than those in ascorbutic rats. Acute stimulation with hCG increased testosterone levels only slightly in plasma and not in testicular tissues of scorbutic rats, when testosterone levels in ascorbutic rats reached a maximum. Chronic stimulation with hCG increased testosterone levels remarkably in both ascorbutic and scorbutic rats. These findings seem to indicate that ascorbic acid is not essential for the synthesis of steroid hormones. The scurvy seems to increase plasma ACTH levels secondary to the stress, resulting in the stimulation of the adrenals. In contrast, a prolonged deficiency in ascorbic acid appears to decrease plasma gonadotropin levels, and may reduce the sensitivity of testes to gonadotropins.
Receptors for insulin-like growth factor II in the rat uterus: characterization and variation throughout the estrus cycle
Authors: Chandrasekhar Yallampalli , Narayan Satya , Singh Pomila , Nagamani Manubai 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
This study was undertaken to identify uterine insulin-like growth factor II receptors and examine the regulation of these receptor levels throughout the estrus cycle. We have demonstrated IGF-II receptors in crude uterine membranes by binding and cross-linking experiments. IGF-II binding to the rat uterine membranes displayed time and temperature dependence and maximum binding was achieved by 2 h at 22°C. Uterine IGF-II binding sites were specific for binding IGF-II peptide and demonstrated negligible binding affinity for IGF-I and no affinity for insulin. The specific anti-IGF-II receptor antibody, R-II-PAB1, blocked the specific [125I]IGF-II binding to uterine membranes in a dose-dependent manner. The characteristics of uterine IGF-II receptor are similar to those reported for other tissues, with a single class of high-affinity binding sites with an apparent dissociation constant of 1.2±0.5 nmol/l and βmax of 2.65±0.41 pmol/mg protein. Affinity cross-linking experiments indicated that the specific binding of [125I]IGF-II in the uterus is associated with a single band of protein with a mol wt of 250 kD. In mature cycling rats, the proestrus uterus had the lowest level of [125I]IGF-II binding per mg membrane protein, without changes in receptor affinity. However, because of greater yield of protein from proestrus uteri, the total [125I]IGF-II binding capacity of the uterus was similar to the other stages of the estrus cycle. These studies demonstrate the presence of authentic IGF-II receptors in the rat uterus and illustrate variations in the concentration of these receptors in the uterus throughout the estrus cycle.
Participation of periventricular dopamine receptors in vasopressin secretion elicited by hypertonicity of systemic blood in rats
Authors: Yamaguchi Ken'ichi , Hama Hitoshi 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
The aim of this study was to examine in conscious rats the role of periventricular dopamine receptors in vasopressin secretion caused by hypertonicity of the systemic blood. Intracerebroventricular injections of dopamine (0.15 or 0.75 μmol) produced dose-related increases in plasma AVP 90 sec or 5 min later, without affecting plasma osmolality, concentrations of electrolytes, hematocrit, arterial pressure or heart rate. The AVP response to 0.75 μmol dopamine was blocked by its antagonists, SCH 23390, sulpiride and haloperidol, given intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 0.15 μmol 10 or 40 min before the injection of dopamine. The ip injections (2 ml/100 g) of 600 mmol/l NaCl produced, 15 or 30 min later, augmentations in plasma AVP accompanied by elevations in plasma osmolality, sodium and chloride. At a dose of 0.15 μmol given intracerebroventricularly 10 min before the injection of 600 mmol/l NaCl, SCH 23390 or sulpiride inhibited the AVP response at 15 min, and sulpiride or haloperidol inhibited that at 30 min. The increases in plasma osmolality and the electrolytes owing to hypertonic saline were not reduced by these dopamine antagonists. The intracerebroventricular applications of the antagonists followed by those of vehicles for dopamine or by ip injections of 150 mmol/l NaCl were without any effect on plasma AVP or the other plasma variables. On the basis of these results, we concluded that dopamine receptors in the periventricular regions may contribute to AVP secretion in response to hypertonicity of the systemic blood.
Repeated intraperitoneal injections of interleukin 1β induce glucose intolerance in normal rats
Authors: Wogensen Lise , Reimers Jesper , Mandrup-Poulsen Thomas , Nerup Jørn 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Previous in vitro findings suggest the involvement of interleukin 1 (IL-1) in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of single or repeated ip injections of recombinant IL-1β on blood glucose and glucose tolerance in vivo. Normal Wistar Kyoto rats were injected ip with a single injection of 4 μg/kg of the mature form of recombinant IL-1β (amino acids 117-269) or once daily on 5 consecutive days. Control rats were given vehicle and were fed ad libitum or pair-fed together with the rIL-1β treated rats. An ip glucose tolerance test (0.2 g D-glucose/100 g) was performed 2 h after injection of rIL-1β. A single injection of rIL-1β caused a mild depression in blood glucose and an improved glucose tolerance. Multiple injections of rIL-1 β induced a diminished weight gain, a 24-28% reduction in food intake, a lasting mild depression of blood glucose (7 days) and a transiently impaired glucose tolerance on day 5. We conclude that systemic IL-1 should be considered an important regulator of glucose homeostasis in vivo.
Shrinkage of a primary thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma treated with the long-acting somatostatin analogue octreotide (SMS 201-995)
Authors: Warnet André , Lajeunie Elisabeth , Gelbert Françoise , Duet Michèle , Chanson Philippe , Cophignon Jean , Harris Alan G. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
The long-acting somatostatin agonist octreotide can control TSH hypersecretion from most thyrotropic adenomas. Octreotide therapy has even been shown to improve chiasmal dysfunction. We report another patient in whom octreotide therapy was associated with gradual suppression of TSH hypersecretion, which escaped partially, dramatic and very rapid and sustained improvement of chiasm compression, and dramatic and sustained shrinkage of an unresectable TSH-secreting pituitary tumour. Unusual and prolonged gastrointestinal adverse reactions eventually disappeared except for steatorrhea. In conclusion, octreotide may be considered as first line treatment in patients with unresectable thyrotropic adenomas.
Favourable response of a virilizing adrenocortical carcinoma to preoperative treatment with ketoconazole and postoperative chemotherapy
Authors: Kruimel Joanna W. , Smals Anthony G. , Beex Loek V. , Swinkels Leon M. , Pieters Gerlach F. , Kloppenborg Peter W. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
A 25-year-old woman presented with an extensive adrenocortical carcinoma with severe virilization and mild Cushing's syndrome. In the tumour there was a primacy of the P450C17 (17,20-lyase) over the P450C21 (21-hydroxylase) route, favouring the synthesis of androgens over corticoids. Preoperatively, the patient was treated with the antimycotic agent ketoconazole, a known inhibitor of steroid synthesis, at a dose of 600 mg/day and after a week 1200 mg/day, to reduce operation risks and to achieve a better metabolic control. This treatment markedly decreased hyperandrogenism and normalized the hypercortisolism. The main effect of ketoconazole was at the 17,20-lyase level and probably at a locus prior in steroidogenesis, i.e. at the P450SCC and/or 17α-hydroxylase level. In contrast with other studies no effect at all was seen on the 11-hydroxylase activity of P450C11. After removal of a massive adrenal carcinoma, extending into the vena cava, vena cava resection and hemihepatectomy because of liver invasion, plasma cortisol and androgen values normalized. Despite adjuvant chemotherapy with o,p'-dichlor-diphenyl-dichloretan (4000 mg daily) hyperandrogenism soon recurred and lung metastases became manifest. Within 2 months after starting combined chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and doxorubicin lung metastases almost completely disappeared with clinical and biochemical resolution of the hyperandrogenic state.
Effects of aging and sex on plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels in normal adults
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Sohmiya Motoi , Oka Nobuyuki , Kato Yuzuru 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.
Effects of aging and sex on total plasma IGF-I levels were studied in 207 normal adults (103 males and 104 females), aged 21 to 80 years. Plasma IGF-I concentrations were measured by specific radioimmunoassay after extraction with acid-ethanol. Plasma IGF-I levels ranged from 50.8 to 480.6 μg/l with a mean (±sd) value of 200.7±81.9 μg/l in these normal adults. The mean plasma IGF-I levels were higher in females than in males in the second decade (332.6±63.9 vs 252.4±45.2 μg/l, p<0.01), whereas there was no sex difference in plasma IGF-I levels in elderly subjects. In both sexes, plasma IGF-I levels declined with age. In females, the slope of the regression line was much steeper in the young group (aged 21 to 40 years) than in the middle-aged and elderly group (aged 41 to 80 years) (y=−11.3x+641.7, r=−0.538, p<0.005 and y=−1.97x+289.3, r=−0.308, p<0.01). In males, plasma IGF-I linearly declined with age and the slope of the regression line (y=−2.36x+322.2, r=−0.480, p<0.005) was not considerably different from that of the middle-aged and elderly group in females.