bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiogenesis Induced by Electrical Stimulation Is Mediated by Angiotensin II and VEGF
Authors: AMARAL SANDRA L. , LINDERMAN J. RUSSELL , MORSE MELISSA M. , GREENE ANDREW S. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: Physiological angiogenesis in skeletal muscle is an adaptive response to physical training and electrical stimulation. This study investigated the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in regulating both angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression induced by electrical stimulation.Methods: The right tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of Sprague‐Dawley rats were stimulated for 8 hours per day for 7 days. The contralateral muscles served as controls. Two days before the surgery and throughout the stimulation protocol, the rats received either lisinopril or losartan in their drinking water. Rats without any drug treatment were used as control. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed to identify the source and quantify the VEGF protein expression in these muscles. The relationship between angiogenesis and VEGF expression was explored using a VEGF‐neutralizing antibody.Results: Chronic electrical stimulation of the skeletal muscles led to significant increases in vessel density (14% and 30% for EDL and TA, respectively) within 7 days. In addition, stimulation increased VEGF protein levels in the stimulated muscles. Both lisinopril and losartan blocked elevation in VEGF expression and inhibited the angiogenesis induced by stimulation. VEGF neutralization also inhibited angiogenesis, confirming the relationship between Ang II, VEGF, and vessel growth.Conclusion: The current study suggests a pathway involving angiotensin II receptors (AT1) and VEGF in electrically stimulated angiogenesis.
Pores in the Sieve and Channels in the Wall: Control of Paracellular Permeability by Junctional Proteins in Endothelial Cells
Authors: BAZZONI GIANFRANCO , DEJANA ELISABETTA 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTExchange of solutes and ions between the luminal and abluminal compartments of the circulation is critically dependent on the barrier properties of the vascular endothelium. Transport of solutes and fluids occurs along the transcellular and paracellular pathways that are mediated by intracellular vesicles and intercellular junctions, respectively. Although the ability of endothelial cells to dynamically regulate permeability has long been recognized, the precise mechanism and the signaling pathways involved have not been fully elucidated. Finally, current definition of the complex molecular composition of intercellular junctions is expected to explain the difference in permeability between diverse segments of the circulation and possibly to highlight the existence of specific junctional channels. The properties of junctional adhesion molecule‐1 (JAM‐1) and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE‐cadherin), two transmembrane components of interendothelial junctions, are described in detail.
Association between Shear Stress, Angiogenesis, and VEGF in Skeletal Muscles In Vivo
Authors: MILKIEWICZ M. , BROWN M. D. , EGGINTON S. , HUDLICKA O. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate the hypothesis that capillary proliferation in skeletal muscles, induced by a long‐term increase in blood flow which elevates capillary shear stress, is associated with capillary expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Methods: Adult rats received prazosin in drinking water (∼2 mg per day) or had extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles stimulated by implanted electrodes for up to 14 days. At intervals, serial frozen sections of EDL were stained for alkaline phosphatase to identify capillaries, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and VEGF‐A protein. Shear stress was estimated from capillary red blood cell velocities and diameters, measured by direct observation of epiilluminated EDL.Results: Chronic stimulation and prazosin treatment both increased capillary: fiber ratio by ∼40% after 14 days. In stimulated muscles, the percentage of capillaries positively stained for VEGF increased within 3 to 4 days, while the density of PCNA‐positive capillaries had increased 20‐fold after 2 days. With prazosin, VEGF‐positive capillaries increased after 2 and 4 days, accompanied by a threefold increase in PCNA. By 14 days, PCNA labeling and VEGF were still high in stimulated muscles, but no longer different from controls with prazosin. After 3 to 4 days of treatment, capillary shear stress in resting muscle was 57% higher than in controls as a result of stimulation, but 4 times higher with prazosin.Conclusions: Higher capillary shear stress with prazosin than with stimulation may upregulate VEGF expression in the early stages of treatment. Greater proliferation of capillaries preceding a higher proportion of VEGF‐positive capillaries in stimulated muscles, in the presence of a modest increase in shear stress, suggests that angiogenesis was initiated by other factors in addition to shear stress.
Relationship of Ultrafiltration and Anastomotic Flow in Isolated Rat Lungs
Authors: LIN WEN , HOGAN GENEVIEVE , EFFROS RICHARD M. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: When arterial and venous pressures are increased to equal values in “stop‐flow” studies, perfusate continues to enter the pulmonary vasculature from the arterial and venous reservoirs. Losses of fluid from the pulmonary vasculature are due to ultrafiltration and flow through disrupted anastomotic (bronchial) vessels. This study compared the relative sites of ultrafiltration and anastomotic flows at low and high intravascular pressures.Methods: Isolated rat lungs were perfused for 10 minutes with FITC‐dextran, which was used to detect ultrafiltration. Arterial and venous catheters were then connected to reservoirs containing radioactively labeled dextrans at 20 or 30 cm H2O for 10 minutes. The vasculature was subsequently flushed into serial vials, and ultrafiltration and vascular filling during the equal‐pressure interval were calculated.Results: Ultrafiltration equaled 0.43 ± 0.11 mL at 20 cm H2O and was similar to the volume of fresh arterial and venous perfusate which entered and remained in the pulmonary vasculature during the equal‐pressure interval (0.45 ± 0.10 mL). At 30 cm H2O, 0.80 ± 0.23 mL entered and remained in the vasculature during the equal‐pressure interval, replacing the original perfusate, and calculated transudation (0.56 ± 0.09 mL) was not significantly more than at 20 cm H2O. Fluid also entered the airspaces at 30 cm H2O but not at 20 cm H2O.Conclusions: At 20 cm H2O, flow through anastomotic vessels occurs at sites that are at the arterial and venous ends of the microcirculation. Flow in exchange vessels remains minimal, permitting measurements of ultrafiltration and exchange. Losses of perfusate from the pulmonary vessels complicate measurements of ultrafiltration at 30 cm H2O.
Valvular Density Alone Cannot Account for Sites of Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Ulceration in the Lower Extremity
Authors: AHARINEJAD SEYEDHOSSEIN , NEDWED STEPHAN , MICHLITS WOLFGANG , DUNN RAYMOND , ABRAHAM DIETMAR , VERNADAKIS ADAM , MARKS SANDY C. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTObjective: Class 6 chronic venous stasis is associated with abnormal venous hemodynamics and ulceration. Ulcers primarily occur over bones and tendon prominences but very rarely over muscular compartments. We hypothesized that the anatomical distribution of venous stasis ulcers in the lower extremity is related to a lower density of venous valves.Methods: The venous vasculature of six normal human legs was cast with resin, and their microvenous valvular anatomy was examined. Skin samples were obtained from the skin overlying the 1) Achilles' tendon, 2) anterior tibia, 3) medial malleolus, 4) lateral malleolus, 5) dorsal surface of the foot, 6) planta pedis, 7) dorsal aspect of the great toe; and from the skin regions overlying the 8) gastrocnemius, 9) tibialis anterior, and 10) peroneus muscles. The valvular and venous densities were determined in a scanning electron microscope, normalized to the size of specimens, and the valvular index was calculated. Analysis of variance with Bonferroni t‐test was used to compare the valvular index between the regions.Results: Venous valves were observed in all tissue regions. The diameter of veins with valves ranged from 18 µm to 803 µm. The valvular index for regions overlying bones/tendons (i.e., regions 1–7) was significantly higher versus those overlying muscular regions (i.e., regions 8–10) (p < 0.05). The valvular index was not different (p = 0.51) when regions 1 and 2 (where ulcers almost never occur) were compared to regions 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 (where ulcers frequently occur); nor were there differences between the vascular indexes of regions overlying muscle. The largest venous valves were observed in the plantar region, and the smallest‐sized ones were present in the peroneal region.Conclusions: This study shows that the density of venous valves is actually higher in regions of the human lower extremity overlying bones and tendons, where venous stasis ulcers are common, than those overlying muscular areas, where ulcers are rarely seen. Thus, valvular quantity alone cannot account for the higher clinical incidence of ulceration. It is likely that muscular pumping and/or valvular quality are important factors in preventing the development of venous stasis and ulceration in the lower extremity.
Age‐Dependent Changes in the Postnatal Intestinal Microcirculation
Authors: NANKERVIS CRAIG A. , REBER KRISTINA M. , NOWICKI PHILIP T. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTSignificant changes occur in intestinal hemodynamics during the transition from fetal to newborn life and then again during the first postnatal month. Most importantly, basal vascular resistance substantially decreases following birth. It then decreases further between postnatal days 1 and 3, plateaus, and then begins a slow, progressive increase between postnatal days 12 and 30. The basal rate of intestinal blood flow mirrors the changes in vascular resistance in an inverse manner. The postnatal changes in vascular resistance appear to be mediated, in large part, by an increase in the constitutive and stimulated production of nitric oxide. Most importantly, the diameter of terminal mesenteric arteries (150–300 µm diameter) in newborn (i.e., 1 day old) swine is determined by three intrinsic vascular control systems: endothelial production of nitric oxide and endothelin, and the inherent myogenic response of vascular smooth muscle. In contrast, these vessels in older subjects (i.e., 35 days old) are primarily passive in nature and fail to demonstrate significant diameter change in response to blockade of endogenous nitric oxide production or endothelin receptors, or applied perturbations of pressure or flow rate. The circulatory physiology of the perinatal and newborn intestine is exceptional when compared to the adult condition inasmuch as several hemodynamic variables change quite dramatically between fetal and neonatal life and during the first postnatal month. The unique hemodynamic conditions that characterize the perinatal and newborn intestine appear to be part of the overall physiological transition that occurs as the fetus, once born, replaces the placenta with his gastrointestinal tract to obtain nutrition. The goal of this review is to describe the circulatory physiology of the perinatal and newborn intestine, with a particular emphasis on those portions of the intestinal microcirculation that have thus far been studied. First, however, it is important to discuss the age‐dependent changes that occur within the intestinal circulation during perinatal and early newborn life.
Clinical characteristics and outcome analysis of pediatric B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Experience with FAB‐LMB 96 and UKCCSG B‐cell NHL guidelines in a developing country
Authors: AHMAD Naveed , ZAIDI Alia , BADAR Farhana , MAAZ Ata‐ur‐Rehman , AKRAM Muhammad S 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim:  To analyze the clinical characteristics of B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients and the therapeutic efficacy of French‐American‐British Lymphoma Malins de Burkitt 96 and the recent United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group B‐cell NHL guidelines in the tertiary care hospital of a developing country.Methods:  Patients aged ≤18 years registered at our hospital between January 1995 and December 2006 with histologically proved B‐Cell NHL were selected for retrospective analysis.Results:  Of the total of 131 patients registered, 122 patients were eligible for evaluation. Of these 95 had Burkitt's lymphoma, 22 diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and five had B‐cell NHL not otherwise specified. The mean age was 8.4 years. Overall 42 children had a baseline weight less than the 10th centile. A total of 37 had uric acid >10 mg/dl and 55 had a lactate dehydrogenase level >500; 73 had stage III and 31 had stage IV while only four presented at stage I and 14 at stage II. The abdomen was the commonest site of disease. A total of 45 patients died; 28 due to infection, nine due to tumor lysis syndrome and six of uncontrolled disease. All deaths occurred within an average of 35 days from starting treatment. Our 5‐year overall survival rate was 68 percent and our event‐free survival was 55 percent.Conclusion:  Late presentation with advanced disease, poor nutritional status and high risk of exposure to infective agents all contribute to the high mortality in patients treated with intensive protocols in resource‐poor countries.
Social Justice and Social Determinants of Health: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgendered, Intersexed, and Queer Youth in Canada
Authors: Dysart‐Gale Deborah 
Published: January 2010

TOPIC:  While nurses address lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, intersexed, and queer (henceforth LGBTIQ) patients' health needs, the professional nursing practice value of social justice provides a larger role for nurses in identifying and minimizing social barriers faced by LGBTIQ patients.PURPOSE:  This paper examines the social and health‐related experiences of LGBTIQ youth in Canada, a country which has removed many of the social and legal barriers faced by LGBTIQ in countries such as the United States. An awareness of the Canadian LGBTIQ experience is instructive for nurses in different countries, as it reveals both the possibilities and limitations of social legislation that is more inclusive of LGBTIQ youth.SOURCES:  Review of literature in PubMed, Academic Search Premier, government documents.CONCLUSION:  The literature reveals that exclusion, isolation, and fear remain realities for Canadian LGBTIQ adolescents. The Canadian experience suggests that negative social attitudes toward LGBTIQ persist despite progressive legislation. The value of social justice positions nurses to constructively intervene in promoting the health and well‐being of LGBTIQ youth in the face of social homophobia.
. . . on Foster Care International Society of Psychiatric‐Mental Health Nurses
Authors: Galehouse Pam , Herrick Charlotte , Raphel Sally 
Published: January 2010

PROBLEM:  Mental health problems are particularly widespread for foster children. There are approximately 700,000 youth in foster care and nonfamily settings in the United States. The mean entry age is 3 years. The average stay is 2 years. Experts estimate that between 30% and 85% of youngsters in out‐of‐home care have significant emotional disturbances. Foster care children represent 5% of Medicaid enrollees but use approximately 40% of Medicaid funds. A substantial number of these children have psychological problems so serious that they require residential placement. Adolescents living with foster parents or in group homes have about four times the rate of serious psychiatric disorders than those living with their own families (2009a). Despite this level of need, less than one‐third of children in the child protective system are receiving mental health services (2009a).SOURCES:  Child psychiatric nurse advocates from the Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nurses Division of the International Society of Psychiatric‐Mental Health Nurses compiled this position statement for adoption by the Board of Directors as the Association's formal statement on the plight of children and adolescents in foster care.CONCLUSIONS:  Areas that need to be addressed include (a) lack of consistent and comprehensive service planning; (b) communications across agencies and with the youth, their foster parents, and key stakeholders; (c) use of evidence‐based interventions to prevent and reduce the incidence of disability; (d) education of child welfare case workers about mental and emotional therapeutic management; and (e) education of foster parents and youth about mental health issues and appropriate treatments.
INTEGRATED QUALITATIVE/QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR FOOD PRODUCT QUALITY PLANNING
Authors: PABLE ANANT , LU SUSAN , AUERBACH JOSHUA 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT Traditionally, food product manufacturers have used methods such as market research and sensory characterization for product quality planning. However, within the quality planning scope, the results of the quality planning methods have not been explored to explicitly translate into the manufacturing stage. This article presents the development of an advanced food product quality planning approach applied at the Black and White Cookie Company to translate customer requirements into manufacturing using integrated qualitative/quantitative techniques. The results showed that the method provided the manufacturer a good quantitative assessment of the product and process for addressing customer's needs, which are valid inputs for quality planning and the successful transition out of the planning phase. Also, the use of appropriate initial control charting during short runs in the preproduction stage verifies the process capability and stability. This was found especially effective for the food production system since the product feature variation is high, production is in small batches and data are of appropriate nature to fit the short‐run statistical process control charts. The approach can be further extended to integrate into the quality control and the improvement stages with more data available during those phases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe proposed approach by this article will provide an integrated quantitative and qualitative tool for food manufacturing companies to improve the quality of their products at early quality planning stage.
ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES AND FRUIT QUALITY DURING LONG‐TERM STORAGE OF “ROCHA” PEAR: EFFECTS OF MATURITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS
Authors: SILVA FILIPE J.P. , GOMES MARIA HELENA , FIDALGO FERNANDA , RODRIGUES JOSÉ A. , ALMEIDA DOMINGOS P.F. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACT Free radical scavenging activity and the content of ascorbic acid and glutathione were investigated during long‐term storage of the pear (Pyrus communis L. ‘Rocha’) fruit harvested at different maturity stages, stored in air or under controlled atmosphere and subjected to postharvest treatments with diphenylamine (DPA) and 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP). Harvest maturity had a significant effect on storage disorders, fruit firmness, soluble solids content and acidity. Differences in ascorbate content and free radical scavenging activity at harvest did not persist during storage. Controlled atmosphere and DPA strongly reduced the incidence and severity of browning disorders and superficial scald, whereas 1‐MCP provided the most effective control. Neither DPA nor 1‐MCP affected the free radical scavenging activity or the levels of ascorbate and glutathione in the pear. These results suggest that the benefits of 1‐MCP on internal breakdown are not directly related with its effects on the antioxidant levels and that, under good storage conditions, the antioxidant properties of the “Rocha” pear can be maintained for up to 8 months.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe importance of fruit antioxidant metabolites as beneficial phytochemicals has been widely recognized. Interestingly, the same metabolites are also essential for the health of the fruit itself. Thus, maintaining high levels of antioxidants in fruits throughout the supply chain is of utmost importance to maintain fruit quality and to deliver to consumers the health benefits of fruit consumption. Many studies have addressed fruit antioxidants, but these studies either report comparisons among fruit types analyzed at a single (often uncharacterized) stage of development or they study changes during short storage periods. European consumers have pears available all year round and the typical storage duration of European pears extends up to 8 months. Moreover, different storage regimes and several postharvest treatments that may impact fruit antioxidants are used in commercial practice. It is thus relevant to characterize pear antioxidants during long‐term storage and the effect of storage conditions and common postharvest treatments on fruit antioxidants. Harvest data are known to have a large effect on post‐storage fruit quality, but its effect on antioxidants during storage is unknown. This information is useful to nutritionists and consumers who have to choose fruit and to all involved in the fruit supply chain in order to provide fruit with better quality.
New records of Horipsestis kisvaczak László, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007 (Lepidoptera: Thyatiridae) from China
Authors: ZHANG Feng‐Bin , HAN Hui‐Lin 
Published: January 2010

Abstract Horipsestis kisvaczak László, Ronkay, Ronkay & Witt, 2007 is reported for the first time from China. The adult and genital characteristics of the species are briefly redescribed with illustrations. The available information including the distributional ranges and a key to the species are given.
Profession: A Useful Concept for Sociological Analysis?
Authors: ADAMS TRACEY L. 
Published: January 2010

Il a toujours été problématique de conceptualiser les professions puisque les caractéristiques professionnelles varient beaucoup dans le temps et dans l'espace. Cet article analyse les façons selon lesquelles les professions et les occupations ont été délimitées historiquement dans la législation. Un regard sur la réglementation professionnelle de cinq provinces canadiennes antérieure à 1961 dénombre environ 36 groupes professionnels distincts. L'auteure croit qu'une meilleure compréhension s'appuyant sur la recherche empirique de ce qu'étaient les professions par le passé aidera à conceptualiser et à faire avancer la recherche actuelle sur les professions. Particulièrement importantes sont les considérations sur la qualité de même que sur la structure des relations d'emploi avec les autres groupes professionnels, le public et l'État.Conceptualizing professions has traditionally been problematic because professional characteristics vary across time and place. This paper explores the ways in which professions and occupations were historically demarcated through legislation. A look at professional regulation in five Canadian provinces before 1961 reveals approximately 36 distinct professional groups. I argue that developing a more accurate, empirically based understanding of what professions were in the past will help us conceptualize and advance research on professions in the present. Particularly salient are considerations of status, as well as the structuring of occupations' relations with other occupational groups, the public, and the state.