bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPECIFIC NOMENCLATURE
Authors: Morrison H. K. 
Published: February 2010

The publication of Mr. Scudder's Revision has caused much dismay among amateurs, on account of the numerous specific changes and minute generic sub-divisions which it proposes.To students of Lepidoptera the novel, and in many cases, original views advanced afford a fertile field for discussion. Mr. scudder has attempted to study the order by the same methods, and to correct its tangled specific nomenclature by the same principles which govern a1l other departments of Zoology.
NOTES ON COLLECTING
Authors: Mead Theodore L. 
Published: February 2010

Last season, while in the Catskill Mountains, I made some experiments in sugaring for moths, which may be interesting to collectors.The sugaring mixture employed was “molasses sugar” and water, in the proportion of three or four pounds to the gallon; I could not perceive that other additions, such as alcohol or preserved fruit, &c., were of any advantage.
ON THE HABITS OF CERTAIN GALL INSECTS OF THE GENUS CYNIPS
Authors: Bassett H. F. 
Published: February 2010

For ten years,past I have been studying the habits of the Cynipidæ to determine, if possible, whether there are one or two broods of these insects each year.Several years ago I discovered the flies of C. q. operator in the act of ovipositing in the young acorns of Quercus ilicifolio, the oak on which the woolly galls of this species are generally found.
ON TWO SPECIES OF AGROTIS, ALLIED TO A. TRIANGULUM
Authors: Grote Aug. R. 
Published: February 2010

Among the material submitted to me for determination by Professor Packard, from the Peabody Academy of Science, are specimens from Maine and Massachusetts of two species of Agrotis allied to, but distinct from A. triangulum. Agrotis attentus. N. sp.The eyes are naked. The middle and hind tibiae are armed, but the fore tibiae are without spines; male antennae siurple, bristled and pubescent.
NOTES ON THE LARVA OF LEUCANIA PSEUDARGYRIA, Guenee
Authors: Caulfield F. B. 
Published: February 2010

On April 18th of this season, while searching for insects on Montreal Mountain, I found under a stone at the foot of a hickory tree, a larva, of which the follorving is a description :Length two inches. Form cylindrical, slightly annulated. Head reddish yellow, with two brown streaks, and marbled with lines and dots of the same color ; semi-tlansparent, shiny, slightty bilobed, with a few scattered hairs of a whitish brown color. Mandibles brown.
NOTES ON THE “LIST” OF 1868
Authors: Grote Aug. R. 
Published: February 2010

Preparatory to a fresh edition of the “List of Lep.,” of 1868, a few memoranda of the necessary changes rvill be published.Sesia uniformis, p iii. This species is distinct from thysbe, and has been noticed by Mr. Lintner in his valuable “Entomological Contributions.” Mr. Couper found it on Anticosti. This can not be Sesia ruficaudis Kirby, the description of which is given on p. 27 of the “Synonymical Catalogue” of 1865.
NOTES ON MEGACHILE CENTUNCULARIS
Authors: Gentry Thos. G. 
Published: February 2010

Since so much has been written upon the habits of our ordinary Leaf-cutting Bee, it would seem presumptuous for me to offer anything further in connection there with. But a few facts which came to my notice recently are sufficiently interesting and important to merit publication.During the latter part of June, 1873, several cells, a half dozen in number, were sent to me by a friend, who had accidentally brought them to light while digging underneath the shade of a Spiræ corymbosa.
ON ORTHOSIA RALLA, Gr. & Rob
Authors: Lintner J. A. 
Published: February 2010

In the April number of this journal, page 79, it is asserted by Mr. Morrison that “the well known orthosia ferruginoides Guen. is redescribed as Xanthia ralla Gr. & Rob.”Having examined the type specimen of ralla, in the possession of the Buffalo Society of Natural sciences, I am able to pronounce it entirery distinct, and further, that it differs so much from the species to which it is above referred that there would seem to be no valid excuse for the erroneous reference.
NOTES ON BUTTERFLIES
Authors: Edwards W. H. 
Published: February 2010

I am able to complete the history of M. phaeton, part of which I communicated to the Can. Ent. in Jan'y, 1869, vol. 1, p. 59.The eggs are laid in large clusters of from 200 to 400 each, upon the under side of leaves of chelone glabra. They are sub-conical, truncated, ribbed on upper half, yellow when laid, but soon turn to crimson. In 19 or 20 days, as Mr. Scudder informs me, they hatch As the eggs found by me (13th June) had been deposited some days, I could not verify that point.
NOTES UPON SOME BUTTERFLY EGGS AND LARVÆ
Authors: Mead Theodore L. 
Published: February 2010

During the past month (July) I have endeavored to obtain the eggs and the larva of some of the butterflies common near.this place (Hunter), in the catskill Mountains, and have met with considerable success.The most interesting discovery was that of the food plant Phyciodes tharos, which had baffled my endeavors for the past four or five years during which time Mr. Edwards and myself have tried a great number of plants without avail.
ON CERTAIN SPECIES OF MOTHS FROM FLORIDA
Authors: Grote A. R. 
Published: February 2010

The following species were collected by Mr. Schwarz and Mr. Bela Hubbard, of the Detroit Scientific Association, among other most valuable scientific material, obtained during a recent visit to Florida. Megathymus yuccae (Bdv. & Lec.) Scudd.The eyes are large and naked; caputal squamation of mixed flattened scales and hair. I cannot find any ocelli. The cylindrical, scaled antennæ are capitate, without terminal inflection or hooklet. The tibæ and tarsi are strongly spinose; hind and middle tibiæ with terminal claw.
NEW SPECIES OF NEBRASKA ACRIDIDÆ
Authors: Bruner Lawrence 
Published: February 2010

Elytra and wings longer than body; elytra spotted; wings blue at base, gradually merging into black.Female–Vertex broad; middle foveola circular, open in front with a slight median carina; frontal costa rather narrow, somewhat expanded at ocellus; sulcate, expanding at lower extremity. Lateral costa nearly parallel to frontal, Median carinn of pronotum crested, as in Œ Carolina, only much higher ; cut in front of middle by last transverse incision of pronotum.
CAPTURES OF NOCTUIDÆ NEAR ORILLIA, IN THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO, CANADA
Authors: Norman Geo. 
Published: February 2010

During the season of 1875 I collected Noctuæ near Orillia, in the Province of Ontario. The locality where I resided was the Couchiching Hotel, a place of great beauty, situated on a wooded isthmus dividing Lake Couchiching from Lake Simcoe.From the varied nature of the ground, enormous forest tracts, swamps, etc., I fully expected the locality would have been more productive in insects than my last year's place of sojourn, St. Catharines, which was, comparatively speaking, very poor and with very little timber. In this I was much disappointed, possibly owing more to the bad season than to the locality.
NEW SPECIES OF ACRIDINI FROM NEBRASKA
Authors: Dodge G. M. 
Published: February 2010

Frontal costa slightly sulcate below the ocellus in the ♂. Merely depressed at the ocellus in ♀.Median carino of pronotum slight, cut by the last transverse incision behind the middle, the anterior part slightly arcuate. Lateral carinæ distinct only on the flat posterior lobe. Pronotum with sides slightly divergent; obtuse angled behind.
Clinical Informatics Board Certification: History, Current Status, and Predicted Impact on the Clinical Informatics Workforce
Authors: Detmer Don , Munger Benson , Lehmann Christoph 
Published: February 2010

SummaryWithin health and health care, medical informatics and its subspecialties of biomedical, clinical, and public health informatics have emerged as a new discipline with increasing demands for its own work force. Knowledge and skills in medical informatics are widely acknowledged as crucial to future success in patient care, research relating to biomedicine, clinical care, and public health, as well as health policy design. The maturity of the domain and the demand on expertise necessitate standardized training and certification of professionals. The American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) embarked on a major effort to create professional level education and certification for physicians of various professions and specialties in informatics. This article focuses on the AMIA effort in the professional structure of medical specialization, e.g., the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) and the related Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). This report summarizes the current progress to create a recognized sub-certificate of competence in Clinical Informatics and discusses likely near term (three to five year) implications on training, certification, and work force with an emphasis on clinical applied informatics.
TimeSTAMP Tagging of Newly Synthesized Proteins
Authors: Lin Michael Z. , Tsien Roger Y. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe ability to quantify or visualize newly synthesized proteins has important uses in cell biology. For example, a researcher may wish to quantify basal or inducible rates of translation of a specific gene of interest, or detect subcellular locations of newly synthesized copies of a protein in order to study the role of new protein synthesis in the growth of specialized cellular structures. In this unit, the TimeSTAMP method for labeling of newly synthesized copies of a protein of interest is described. In the TimeSTAMP method, the experimenter expresses a protein of interest as a fusion with a cis‐acting protease and an epitope tag, both of which are removed by default protease activity. Addition of a specific protease inhibitor then allows preservation of the tag on subsequently synthesized proteins. Finally, the tag is detected by immunological methods. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 59:26.5.1‐26.5.11. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Risk Analysis and Management for Critical Asset Protection (RAMCAPPlus)
Authors: Brashear Jerry P. , Jones J. William 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTheRisk Analysis and Management for Critical Asset Protection(RAMCAP(R)) methodology and its current, updated version, RAMCAP PlusSM, is an all‐hazard risk and resilience management process for critical infrastructure. Its purpose is to identify and prioritize investments in preparedness of the nation's critical infrastructure, including protection (avoiding adverse events and their consequences) and resilience (continuing to function during or rapidly returning to full function after such events). It includes hazards due to terrorism, naturally occurring events, supply chain dependencies, product contamination and proximity to dangerous sites. It is a general approach, expressly designed to be used by the staff and management of infrastructure facilities with a modicum of training or outside expertise. It is especially effective when tailored into sector‐specific versions, of which eight have been completed ranging from nuclear power plants to water or wastewater systems to university campuses. Its objective, quantitative, standardized approach permits direct comparisons of risk, resilience and the benefits of security, and resilience investments—essential for rational resource allocation—at scales ranging from assets to sectors, across sectors to regions or national economies, and across time, which is essential for accountability and management of the resulting programs. Looking to the future, RAMCAP Plus and two of the sector‐specific versions are being developed as American National Standards, and a working group is adapting it to both aging and new infrastructures while this is being written.
System and Sector Interdependencies: An Overview of Research and Development
Authors: Domich Paul D. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A systematic national framework has been created to leverage science and technology capabilities in support of national homeland security goals that involve private sector companies, universities, research institutes, and government agencies and laboratories involved in research and development on a very broad range of issues. This article describes the role of research and development (R&D) activities in protecting critical infrastructure and key resources (CIKR), the planning framework developed for future R&D activities, and the complexity of the systems involved. The R&D planning framework includes the National Critical Infrastructure Protection Research and Development Plan, the National Infrastructure Protection Plan and sector‐specific R&D planning efforts. Two R&D programs are described which illustrate recent R&D activities and the complexity and interdependencies of these CIKR systems.
Microbiological Detectors for Food Safety Applications
Authors: Alocilja Evangelyn C. , Pal Sudeshna 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe use of microorganisms as biological weapons has long been reported in history. The most recent was the deliberate release ofB. anthracisspores through the postal system in the United States in October 2001, resulting in 22 cases of anthrax and five deaths. Furthermore, there are up to 33 million cases of human illness each year from microbial pathogens in the food supply in the United States alone, with an associated cost of $2‐4 billion in 2006. The complexity of the US food supply chain from cradle to grave provides numerous entry points and routes in which (inadvertent and intentional) contaminants and pathogens can be introduced into the nation's food system. Many of these pathogenic microorganisms have a very low infectious dose to cause fatality. The most vulnerable populations are the very young, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Although highly sensitive, current methods of detection are laborious, require highly skilled personnel, and typically require 2–7 days to obtain conclusive results. Their results are not available in the time‐scale desired in food defense, food quality assurance, or clinical laboratory procedures, which have safety, cost, and quality implications. Rapid on‐site point‐of‐care detection methods for pathogens have hence become a necessity. Biosensors can play a major role in addressing the combined needs for near real‐time diagnosis, specificity, sensitivity, portability, electronic data transmission, field‐based, ease of use, and low cost requirements. This chapter presents biosensors for rapid microbial detection in complex food matrices of concern to homeland security and food safety.
Foreign Animal Diseases and Food System Security: Decision Making for Appropriate Responses
Authors: Slenning Barrett D. , Tickel Jimmy L. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Foreign animal diseases (FADs), such as highly pathogenic avian influenza or foot and mouth disease (FMD; a worst‐case FAD), are documented threats, whether through accidental or intentional exposures. US policies, as with most countries where an FAD is not endemic, follow ‘Stamping Out/Eradication’ (SOE) protocols if it is found: Affected herds are rapidly destroyed to eradicate the agent and quickly resume export trade. While historically effective in eradicating disease, SOE goals and techniques no longer represent a sole source solution to disease events affecting western agriculture. For instance, [1] their focus on international trade is inappropriate; [2] their assumptions on the nature of such outbreaks are incorrect; [3] new technologies are not included; and [4] their unintended consequences are huge. These errors can result in responses that, in modern concentrated agricultural markets, may cause such damage that markets will not recover. In short, in our drive to protect agriculture, we may actually destroy it.

A factor missing from most FAD planning is an in‐depth consideration of how agriculture will cope
during
an outbreak and how it will
recover
(e.g. business continuity). We must re‐evaluate plans to ensure that the event and all its consequences are managed as opposed to blindly eradicating a disease agent at great cost. By addressing the true threats FADs pose to today's agriculture, we will lessen the effects of natural or accidental FAD outbreaks, and will make FADs less attractive as bioterror tools.
Telecommunications in the United States
Authors: Lewis Ted G. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

This article briefly traces the evolution of telecommunications in general and telephony in particular. Using network science theory, it shows that hubs and
betweener
nodes are the most critical components in the national system, and that a limited number of telecom hotels house these hubs and betweeners, giving rise to the number one vulnerability in telecommunications. Telecom hotels are a direct result of regulatory forces shaping the industry, which has evolved into a state of
self‐organized criticality
. Although the industry has not experienced a calamity on a scale similar to the 2003 Eastern Power Grid Blackout, the author claims that the two networks have evolved to a similar state, which could have similar consequences.
Influence of anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy on cancer incidence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have had a prior malignancy: Results from the British Society for rheumatology biologics register
Authors: Dixon W. G. , Watson K. D. , Lunt M. , Mercer L. K. ,   British Society For Rheumatology Biologics Register Control Centre Consortium, Hyrich K. L. , Symmons D. P. M. ,   British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the influence of anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapy upon the incidence of cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and prior malignancy.MethodsUsing data from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register, a national prospective observational study established in 2001, we identified 293 patients with a prior malignancy from over 14,000 patients with RA. We compared rates of incident malignancy in 177 anti‐TNF–treated patients and 117 patients with active RA treated with traditional disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), all with prior malignancy. One patient switched therapy and contributed to both cohorts.ResultsThe rates of incident malignancy were 25.3 events/1,000 person‐years in the anti‐TNF cohort and 38.3/1,000 person‐years in the DMARD cohort, generating an age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence rate ratio of 0.58 (95% confidence interval 0.23–1.43) for the anti‐TNF–treated cohort compared with the DMARD cohort. Of the patients with prior melanomas, 3 (18%) of 17 in the anti‐TNF cohort developed an incident malignancy, compared with 0 of 10 in the DMARD cohort.ConclusionThe way in which UK rheumatologists are selecting patients with RA and prior malignancy to receive anti‐TNF therapy is not leading to an increased risk of incident malignancy. Although reassuring, these results should not be interpreted as indicating that it is safe to treat all RA patients with prior malignancy with anti‐TNF therapy.
On the Design of High‐Efficiency Thermoelectric Clathrates through a Systematic Cross‐Substitution of Framework Elements
Authors: Shi Xun , Yang Jiong , Bai Shengqiang , Yang Jihui , Wang Hsin , Chi Miaofang , Salvador James R. , Zhang Wenqing , Chen Lidong , Wong‐Ng Winnie 
Published: February 2010

AbstractType I clathrates have recently been identified as prospective thermoelectric materials for power generation purposes due to their very low lattice thermal conductivity values. The maximum thermoelectric figure of merit of almost all type I clathrates is, however, less than 1 and occurs at, or above, 1000 K, making them unfavorable especially for intermediate temperature applications. In this report, the Zintl–Klemm rule is demonstrated to be valid for Ni, Cu, and Zn transition metal substitution in the framework of type I clathrates and offers many degrees of freedom for material modification, design, and optimization. The cross‐substitution of framework elements introduces ionized impurities and lattice defects into these materials, which optimize the scattering of charge carriers by the substitution‐induced ionized impurities and the scattering of heat‐carrying lattice phonons by point defects, respectively, leading to an enhanced power factor, reduced lattice thermal conductivity, and therefore improved thermoelectric figure of merit. Most importantly, the bandgap of these materials can be tuned between 0.1 and 0.5 eV by adjusting the cross‐substitution ratio of framework elements, making it possible to design clathrates with excellent thermoelectric properties between 500 and 1000 K.
Soft Template Synthesis of Yolk/Silica Shell particles
Authors: Wu Xue‐Jun , Xu Dongsheng 
Published: February 2010

AbstractYolk/shell particles possess a unique structure that is composed of hollow shells that encapsulate other particles but with an interstitial space between them. These structures are different from core/shell particles in that the core particles are freely movable in the shell. Yolk/shell particles combine the properties of each component, and can find potential applications in catalysis, lithium ion batteries, and biosensors. In this Research News article, a soft‐template‐assisted method for the preparation of yolk/silica shell particles is presented. The demonstrated method is simple and general, and can produce hollow silica spheres incorporated with different particles independent of their diameters, geometry, and composition. Furthermore, yolk/mesoporous silica shell particles and multishelled particles are also prepared through optimization of the experimental conditions. Finally, potential applications of these particles are discussed.
Liquid–solid mass transfer for cocurrent gas–liquid upflow through solid foam packings
Authors: Wenmakers P. W. A. M. , van der Schaaf J. , Kuster B. F. M. , Schouten J. C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article presents the liquid–solid mass transfer characteristics for cocurrent upflow operated gas–liquid solid foam packings. Aluminum foam was used with 10, 20, and 40 pores per linear inch (PPI), coated with 5 wt % Pd on γ‐alumina. The effects of gas velocity (ug = 0.1−0.8 m m s−1) and liquid velocity (ul = 0.02 and 0.04 m m s−1) are studied using the Pd/Bi catalyzed oxidation of glucose. The volumetric liquid–solid mass transfer coefficient, klsals, is approximately the same for 10 PPI and 20 PPI solid foams, ranging from 2 × 10−2 to 9 × 10−2 m m s−1. For 40 PPI solid foam, somewhat lower values for klsals were found, ranging from 6 × 10−3 to 4 × 10−2 m m s−1. The intrinsic liquid–solid mass transfer coefficient, kls, increases with increasing liquid velocity and was found to be proportional to u. Initially, kls decreases with increasing gas velocity and after reaching a minimum value increases with increasing gas velocity. The values for kls range from 5.5 × 10−6 to 8 × 10−4 m m s−1, which is in the same range as found for random packings and corrugated sheet packings. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010