bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
Authors: Chopra Neha , Puri Sanjeev , Chopra Hemant 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
The peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), also known as osteoclastoma, giant cell reparative granuloma, giant cell epulis or giant cell hyperplasia, is a relatively frequent reactive benign exophytic lesion of the oral cavity originating from the periosteum or periodontal membrane following local irritation or chronic trauma. PGCG manifests as a red-purple nodule consisting of multinucleated giant cells in a background of mononuclear stromal cells and extravasated red blood cells located in the region of the gums or edentulous alveolar margins, fundamentally in the lower jaw. The lesion can develop at any age, though it is more common between the fifth and sixth decades of life, and shows a slight female predilection. PGCG is a soft tissue lesion that very rarely affects the underlying bone, though the latter may suffer superficial erosion. Here, we present a case of PGCG who presented with the chief complaint of nasal blockade with a palatal mass.

How to cite this article
Chopra H, Puri S, Chopra N. Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma. Clin Rhinol Int J 2012;5(1):46-48.
Evaluation of Head and Spinal Cord Injury Care in Ecuador using the IATSIC/WHO Essential Guidelines for Trauma Care
Authors: Johnston EM , Mora FE , Rodas EB , Salamea JC , Ivatury RR 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Background
Neurological trauma represents a major cause of global death and disability, with low and middle income countries representing the greatest burden of disease. The goal of this study was to assess the capability of Ecuadorian hospitals to manage head and spinal cord injury utilizing the International Association for Trauma Surgery and Intensive Care (IATSIC)/World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care (EsTC).

Materials and methods
Site visits were performed at 24 hospitals in 7 provinces of southeastern Ecuador. The 23 human and physical resources required for management of head injury (HI) and spinal injury (SI) were evaluated using EsTC criteria. Resource capabilities were graded as 3 (adequate, >90%), 2 (partially adequate, >50%), 1 (inadequate, <50%), or 0 (absent).

Results
Five tertiary (TH) and 12 general (GH) public hospitals were included in the final assessment. Initial assessment of neurological injuries was at least partially adequate for HI (100% TH/GH) and partially adequate for SI (100%TH, 83.3% GH). Maintenance of normotension and oxygenation to prevent secondary neurological injury was partially adequate in TH (100% HI/SI) and inadequate in GH (only 58.3% were partially adequate for HI and 67.7% for SI). Surgical capabilities for treatment of neurological injuries were partially adequate with wide variability in TH. Familiarity or compliance with AANS guidelines and international classifi cation systems for HI and SI were absent at all facilities. CT and MRI capabilities were universally inadequate.

Conclusion
Based on WHO/IATSIC EsTC guidelines, signifi cant improvement in physical and human resources is needed for proper management of neurologically injured patients in Southeastern Ecuador.

How to cite this article
Aboutanos MB, Johnston EM, Mora FE, Rodas EB, Salamea JC, Ivatury RR. Evaluation of Head and Spinal Cord Injury Care in Ecuador using the IATSIC/WHO Essential Guidelines for Trauma Care. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2012;1(1):6-11.
Injury Prevention Implications in an Ethnically Mixed Population: A Study of 764 Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Parchani Ashok , Maull Kimball I , Sheikh Nissar , Sebastian Mark 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
We hypothesized that an analysis of the demographic profile of patients who suffered moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) would identify wide variation in injury mechanism by age and ethnicity. The objective is to utilize this data to target injury prevention programs for specific population.

Methods
All head injured patients admitted to the trauma ICU were studied (N = 764). Standard demographic data, nationality, and mechanism of injury were determined. All patients had moderate to severe TBI. Demographics were cross referenced with injury mechanism, nationality and age of exposure.

Results
Head injuries were more common in males, the expatriate population, and the age group from 21 to 40 years. Motor vehicle collision (MVC) was the most common injury mechanism followed by fall from height (FFH) with profound ethnic differences in both ages affected and populations at risk. Struck by falling objects (SFO) was the third most common injury mechanism. TBI mortality improved over the period of study, declining from 21 to 17%.

Conclusion
Prevention or reduction in TBI severity has profound implications for improving public health and reducing TBI-related health care costs. The defining of populations at risk by nationality, injury mechanism and peak age of exposure can provide a model for coordinated regional or national injury prevention programs.

How to cite this article
Parchani A, Maull KI, Sheikh N, Sebastian M. Injury Prevention Implications in an Ethnically Mixed Population: A Study of 764 Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2012; 1(1):27-32.
Laparoscopia en trauma
Authors: Uribe Carlos H Morales , Flórez Oscar Henao 
Published: June 2012

RESUMEN
La laparoscopia se ha aplicado a la mayoría de los procedimientos abdominales y ha llegado a ser la técnica de elección para múltiples procedimientos en cirugía electiva. El uso de la laparoscopia en pacientes traumatizados se ha desarrollado de una manera lenta debido a factores inherentes al trauma mismo y a ciertas limitaciones en la técnica laparoscópica.
En la presente revisión presentamos aspectos técnicos de la evaluación laparoscópica de la cavidad abdominal de los pacientes con trauma y se discuten sus aplicaciones como método diagnóstico y terapéutico.
Toracotomia En El Servicio De Urgencias
Authors: Suárez Ignacio Del Río , Mendoza Alberto Espinosa , Méndez Ricardo Montero 
Published: June 2012

RESUMEN

Objetivo
Presentar el caso de una toracotomía de emergencia realizada en el servicio de urgencias por una lesión exanguinante de ventrículo izquierdo por instrumento punzocortante.

Sede
Hospital de 2° nivel de atención. Hospital General la Villa, SSDF.

Diseño
Reporte de caso.

Descripción del caso
Paciente masculino de 40 años, ingresa al servicio de urgencias por presentar heridas por instrumento punzocortante en cuello, hemitórax derecho e izquierdo (en área de Murdock), esta última con sangrado abundante, presenta paro cardiorespiratorio (presenciado) por lo cual se decide realizar toracotomía en el servicio de urgencia ante la sospecha de lesión cardiaca, encontrando lesión perforante de pericardio y penetrante de ventrículo izquierdo. Se realiza rafi a cardiaca para control de la hemorragia, así como masaje cardiaco directo durante los periodos de paro cardiorespiratorio, presentando recuperación hemodinámica y trasladándose al quirófano en donde bajo anestesia general se concluye procedimiento quirúrgico realizando rafi a de lesión pulmonar, toracotomía exploradora, secado de cavidad y colocación de drenajes, pasa al servicio de terapia intensiva con signos vitales dentro de parámetros normales.

Conclusión
La toracotomía en el servicio de urgencias es un procedimiento útil en pacientes seleccionados, en condiciones extremas, para realizar control de lesiones y preservar la vida.
Determination of Some Trace Elements in Food and Soil Samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry After Coprecipitation with Holmium Hydroxide
Authors: Saracoglu Sibel , Soylak Mustafa , Çabuk Dilek , Topalak Zeynep , Karagozlu Yasemin 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The determination of trace elements in food and soil samples by atomic absorption spectrometry was investigated. A coprecipitation procedure with holmium hydroxide was used for separation- preconcentration of trace elements. Trace amounts of copper(II), manganese(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), chromium(III), iron(III), cadmium(II), and lead(II) ions were coprecipitated with holmium hydroxide in 2.0 M NaOH medium. The optimum conditions for the coprecipitation process were investigated for several commonly tested experimental parameters, such as amount of coprecipitant, effect of standing time, centrifugation rate and time, and sample volume. The precision, based on replicate analysis, was lower than 10% for the analytes. In order to verify the accuracy of the method, the certified reference materials BCR 141 R calcareous loam soil and CRM 025-050 soil were analyzed. The procedure was successfully applied for separation and preconcentration of the investigated ions in various food and soil samples. An amount of the solid samples was decomposed with 15 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid–concentrated nitric acid (3 + 1). The preconcentration procedure was then applied to the final solutions. The concentration of trace elements in samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.
Quantitative Determination of Prednisone in Tablets by Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Mazurek Sylwester , Szostak Roman 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The quantification of prednisone in tablets was performed using partial least squares (PLS) models based on FTIR-attenuated total reflection (ATR) and FT-Raman spectra. To compare the predictive ability of these models, the relative standard error of prediction (RSEP) values were calculated. In the case of prednisone determination from the FT-Raman data, RSEP values of 3.1 and 3.2% for the calibration and validation data sets were obtained. For FTIR-ATR models, which were constructed using five spectra for each sample, these errors amounted to 2.6 and 2.9%, respectively. Four commercial products containing 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg prednisone/tablet were quantified. Concentrations derived from the elaborated models correlated strongly with the results of reference analyses and with the declared values (in parentheses). The analyses gave recoveries of 100.0–101.6% (100.1–103.0%) and 98.1–103.2% (100.4–102.9%) for FTIR-ATR and FT-Raman data, respectively. A successful quantification of prednisolone in tablets containing 5 mg active ingredient/tablet was also performed using the PLS model, which was based on FTIR-ATR spectra, with a recovery of 99.8 (98.8%). Both reported spectroscopic techniques can be used as fast and convenient alternatives to the standard pharmacopeial methods of prednisone and prednisolone quantification in solid dosage forms. However, in the case of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, it is necessary to repeat measurements several times to obtain sufficiently low quantification errors.
Development and Optimization of an HPLC Analysis of Citalopram and Its Four Nonchiral Impurities Using Experimental Design Methodology
Authors: Tadić Svetlana , Nikolić Katarina , Agbaba Danica 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In this study, the RP-HPLC method was investigated for the separation of citalopram and its four impurities by use of statistical experimental design. Initially, the influence of different experimental conditions (buffer pH, flow rate, and column temperature) on the chromatographic behavior of citalopram and its four impurities was investigated by use of partial least squares regression (PLSR) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural networks (ANNs) trained by back-propagation. The developed models and the corresponding response surface plots were used to select the optimal HPLC conditions, buffer pH 7.0, flow rate 1.0 mL/min, and column temperature 25°C, for an efficient separation of citalopram and its four impurities. The elaborated HPLC method was found to be linear, specific, sensitive, precise, accurate, and robust. Retention times of citalopram and its impurities, obtained with the developed HPLC method, and the computed molecular parameters of the examined compounds were used in a quantitative structure retention relationship (QSRR) study. The PLSR and ANN algorithms were applied for the development of the QSRR methods. The MLP-two layers-ANN-QSRR model with root mean square error of prediction 0.105 and r2 (observed versus predicted) 0.978 was selected. Since many different reaction conditions are applied for the synthesis of citalopram, different impurities and degradation products can be formed. Therefore, the developed QSRR model can be extended to the prediction of the retention times with the other citalopram impurities, degradation products, and metabolites.
Nanoscale Insight Into Lead‐Free BNT‐BT‐xKNN
Authors: Dittmer Robert , Jo Wook , Rödel Jürgen , Kalinin Sergei , Balke Nina 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPiezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is used to afford insight into the nanoscale electromechanical behavior of lead‐free piezoceramics. Materials based on Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3 exhibit high strains mediated by a field‐induced phase transition. Using the band excitation technique the initial domain morphology, the poling behavior, the switching behavior, and the time‐dependent phase stability in the pseudo‐ternary system (1–x)(0.94Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3‐0.06BaTiO3)‐xK0.5Na0.5NbO3 (0 <= x <= 18 mol%) are revealed. In the base material (x = 0 mol%), macroscopic domains and ferroelectric switching can be induced from the initial relaxor state with sufficiently high electric field, yielding large macroscopic remanent strain and polarization. The addition of KNN increases the threshold field required to induce long range order and decreases the stability thereof. For x = 3 mol% the field‐induced domains relax completely, which is also reflected in zero macroscopic remanence. Eventually, no long range order can be induced for x >= 3 mol%. This PFM study provides a novel perspective on the interplay between macroscopic and nanoscopic material properties in bulk lead‐free piezoceramics.
Transfer Printing of Cell Layers with an Anisotropic Extracellular Matrix Assembly using Cell‐Interactive and Thermosensitive Hydrogels
Authors: Jun Indong , Kim Seok Joo , Lee Ji‐Hye , Lee Young Jun , Shin Young Min , Choi Eunpyo , Park Kyung Min , Park Jungyul , Park Ki Dong , Shin Heungsoo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe structure of tissue plays a critical role in its function and therefore a great deal of attention has been focused on engineering native tissue‐like constructs for tissue engineering applications. Transfer printing of cell layers is a new technology that allows controlled transfer of cell layers cultured on smart substrates with defined shape and size onto tissue‐specific defect sites. Here, the temperature‐responsive swelling‐deswelling of the hydrogels with groove patterns and their versatile and simple use as a template to harvest cell layers with anisotropic extracellular matrix assembly is reported. The hydrogels with a cell‐interactive peptide and anisotropic groove patterns are obtained via enzymatic polymerization. The results show that the cell layer with patterns can be easily transferred to new substrates by lowering the temperature. In addition, multiple cell layers are stacked on the new substrate in a hierarchical manner and the cell layer is easily transplanted onto a subcutaneous region. These results indicate that the evaluated hydrogel can be used as a novel substrate for transfer printing of artificial tissue constructs with controlled structural integrity, which may hold potential to engineer tissue that can closely mimic native tissue architecture.
Initial Growth Mode, Nanostructure, and Molecular Stacking of a ZnPc:C60 Bulk Heterojunction
Authors: Kim Hyo Jung , Kim Ji Whan , Lee Hyun Hwi , Lee Byeongdu , Kim Jang‐Joo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe initial growth modes of ZnPc films is examined, revealing the previously undescribed nanoscale crystal structure evolution and the nanograins of the ZnPc:C60 mixed layers in the thin films. Initially, the ZnPc molecules are stacked in the preferred γ(200) configuration, similar to the structures of CuPc. The ZnPc thin film growth display 2D planar to 3D island growth after the initial compressive strain had relaxed in films 7–8 MLs thick. 3D island formation decreases the prevalence of the preferred ordering in the γ(200) crystals. The ZnPc films consist of randomly distributed ellipsoid nanograins during the initial growth stages. The ellipsoid nanograins transition to an ordered state later in the growth process. Insertion of C60 changes the preferred molecular stacking of ZnPc, and β(100) forms in the ZnPc:C60 layers fabricated at room temperature, which is usually observed at high annealing temperatures (200 °C) in a single ZnPc film. The ellipsoid ZnPc nanograins also retain their shapes in the ZnPc:C60 mixed layers. The formation of β(100) and the presence of ellipsoid nanograins in the mixed layer are related to improvements relative to planar devices in the organic photovoltaic device performance.
Neuropathologic substrates of Parkinson disease dementia
Authors: Irwin David J. , White Matthew T. , Toledo Jon B. , Xie Sharon X. , Robinson John L. , Van Deerlin Vivianna , Lee Virginia M.‐Y. , Leverenz James B. , Montine Thomas J. , Duda John E. , Hurtig Howard I. , Trojanowski John Q. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjective:A study was undertaken to examine the neuropathological substrates of cognitive dysfunction and dementia in Parkinson disease (PD).Methods:One hundred forty patients with a clinical diagnosis of PD and either normal cognition or onset of dementia 2 or more years after motor symptoms (PDD) were studied. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies were excluded. Autopsy records of genetic data and semiquantitative scores for the burden of neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, Lewy bodies (LBs), and Lewy neurites (LNs) and other pathologies were used to develop a multivariate logistic regression model to determine the independent association of these variables with dementia. Correlates of comorbid Alzheimer disease (AD) were also examined.Results:Niney‐two PD patients developed dementia, and 48 remained cognitively normal. Severity of cortical LB (CLB)/LN pathology was positively associated with dementia (p < 0.001), with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.06 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.87–8.81), as was apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype (p = 0.018; OR, 4.19; 95% CI, 1.28–13.75). A total of 28.6% of all PD cases had sufficient pathology for comorbid AD, of whom 89.5% were demented. The neuropathological diagnosis of PDD+AD correlated with an older age of PD onset (p = 0.001; OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04–1.21), higher CLB/LN burden (p = 0.037; OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.06–5.82), and cerebral amyloid angiopathy severity (p = 0.032; OR, 4.16; 95% CI, 1.13–15.30).Interpretation:CLB/LN pathology is the most significant correlate of dementia in PD. Additionally, APOE4 genotype may independently influence the risk of dementia in PD. AD pathology was abundant in a subset of patients, and may modify the clinical phenotype. Thus, therapies that target α‐synuclein, tau, or amyloid β could potentially improve cognitive performance in PD. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:587–598
Asymmetric Synthesis of Pochonin E and F, Revision of Their Proposed Structure, and Their Conversion to Potent Hsp90 Inhibitors
Authors: Karthikeyan Ganesan , Zambaldo Claudio , Barluenga Sofia , Zoete Vincent , Karplus Martin , Winssinger Nicolas 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA concise and modular synthesis of pochonin E and F, and their epimers at C‐6 established the correct stereochemistry of these two natural products. Several members of the pochonin family have been shown to bind the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), which has been the focus of intense drug discovery efforts. Pochonin E and F as well as their epimers were derivatized into the corresponding pochoximes and further modified at the C‐6 position. Molecular dynamics simulations, docking studies, and Hsp90 affinity measurements were performed to evaluate the impact of these modifications.
Testing for intercept‐scale switch in linear autoregression
Authors: Ketterer Florian , Holzmann Hajo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAutoregressive models with switching regime are a frequently used class of nonlinear time series models, which are popular in finance, engineering, and other fields. We consider linear switching autoregressions in which the intercept and variance possibly switch simultaneously, while the autoregressive parameters are structural and hence the same in all states, and we propose quasi‐likelihood‐based tests for a regime switch in this class of models. Our motivation is from financial time series, where one expects states with high volatility and low mean together with states with low volatility and higher mean. We investigate the performance of our tests in a simulation study, and give an application to a series of IBM monthly stock returns. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 427–446; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Kinetics and Reaction Engineering of Levulinic Acid Production from Aqueous Glucose Solutions
Authors: Weingarten Ronen , Cho Joungmo , Xing Rong , Conner William Curtis , Huber George W. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe have developed a kinetic model for aqueous‐phase production of levulinic acid from glucose using a homogeneous acid catalyst. The proposed model shows a good fit with experimental data collected in this study in a batch reactor. The model was also fitted to steady‐state data obtained in a plug flow reactor (PFR) and a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The kinetic model consists of four key steps: (1) glucose dehydration to form 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF); (2) glucose reversion/degradation reactions to produce humins (highly polymerized insoluble carbonaceous species); (3) HMF rehydration to form levulinic acid and formic acid; and (4) HMF degradation to form humins. We use our model to predict the optimal reactor design and operating conditions for HMF and levulinic acid production in a continuous reactor system. Higher temperatures (180–200 °C) and shorter reaction times (less than 1 min) are essential to maximize the HMF content. In contrast, relatively low temperatures (140–160 °C) and longer residence times (above 100 min) are essential for maximum levulinic acid yield. We estimate that a maximum HMF carbon yield of 14 % can be obtained in a PFR at 200 °C and a reaction time of 10 s. Levulinic acid can be produced at 57 % carbon yield (68 % of the theoretical yield) in a PFR at 149 °C and a residence time of 500 min. A system of two consecutive PFR reactors shows a higher performance than a PFR and CSTR combination. However, compared to a single PFR, there is no distinct advantage to implement a system of two consecutive reactors.
Yeast‐Based Microporous Carbon Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture
Authors: Shen Wenzhong , He Yue , Zhang Shouchun , Li Junfen , Fan Weibin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA hierarchical microporous carbon material with a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 1348 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 0.67 cm3 g−1 was prepared from yeast through chemical activation with potassium hydroxide. This type of material contains large numbers of nitrogen‐containing groups (nitrogen content >5.3 wt %), and, consequently, basic sites. As a result, this material shows a faster adsorption rate and a higher adsorption capacity of CO2 than the material obtained by directly carbonizing yeast under the same conditions. The difference is more pronounced in the presence of N2 or H2O, showing that chemical activation of discarded yeast with potassium hydroxide could afford high‐performance microporous carbon materials for the capture of CO2.