bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complementarity of ultrasound and fluorescence imaging in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Snyder Cynthia S , Kaushal Sharmeela , Kono Yuko , Tran Cao Hop S , Hoffman Robert M , Bouvet Michael 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease characterized by dismal 5-year survival rates and limited treatment options. In an effort to provide useful models for preclinical evaluation of new experimental therapeutics, we and others have developed orthotopic mouse models of pancreatic cancer. The utility of these models for pre-clinical testing is dependent upon quantitative, noninvasive methods for monitoring in vivo tumor progression in real time. Toward this goal, we performed whole-body fluorescence imaging and ultrasound imaging to evaluate and to compare these noninvasive imaging modalities for assessing tumor burden and tumor progression in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer.

Methods
The human pancreatic cancer cell line XPA-1, engineered for stable, high-level expression of red fluorescent protein (RFP), was implanted into the pancreas of nude mice using orthotopic implantation. The tumors were allowed to grow over a period of one to several weeks during which time the mice were imaged using both fluorescence imaging and ultrasound imaging to measure tumor burden and to monitor tumor growth.

Results
Whole-body fluorescence imaging and ultrasound imaging both allowed for the visualization and measurement of orthotopic pancreatic tumor implants in vivo. The imaging sessions were well-tolerated by the mice and yielded data which correlated well in the quantitative assessment of tumor burden. Whole-body fluorescence and two-dimensional ultrasound imaging showed a strong correlation for measurement of tumor size over a range of tumor sizes (R2 = 0.6627, P = 0.003 for an exposure time of 67 msec and R2 = 0.6553, P = 0.003 for an exposure time of 120 msec).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest a complementary role for fluorescence imaging and ultrasound imaging in assessing tumor burden and tumor progression in orthotopic mouse models of human cancer.
Treatment of early uterine sarcomas: disentangling adjuvant modalities
Authors: Zagouri Flora , Dimopoulos Athanasios-Meletios , Fotiou Stelios , Kouloulias Vassilios , Papadimitriou Christos A 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Uterine sarcomas are a rare group of neoplasms with aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis. They are classified into four main histological subtypes in order of decreasing incidence: carcinosarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, endometrial stromal sarcomas and "other" sarcomas. The pathological subtype demands a tailored approach. Surgical resection is regarded as the mainstay of treatment. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy represents the standard treatment of uterine sarcomas. Pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection in carcinosarcomas is recommended, given their high incidence of lymph node metastases, and may have a role in endometrial stromal sarcomas. Adjuvant radiation therapy has historically been of little survival value, but it appears to improve local control and may delay recurrence. Regarding adjuvant chemotherapy, there is little evidence in the literature supporting its use except for carcinosarcomas. However, more trials are needed to address these issues, especially, their sequential application. Patients with uterine sarcomas should be referred to large academic centers for participation in clinical trials.
From Uncertainty Quantification to Decision Making in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Bickel J. Eric , Bratvold Reidar B. 
Published: April 2009

In this paper, we present the findings of a large (N = 494) survey of oil and gas professionals that addressed the following two questions: Has uncertainty quantification improved in the oil and gas industry over the last five years? Has this improvement translated into improved decision making? Our results suggest that the answer to the first question in an unequivocal “yes,” but that the answer to the second is qualified “no.” How could this be? Uncertainty quantification is not an end unto itself; removing or even reducing uncertainty is not the goal. Rather, the objective is to make a good decision, which in many cases requires the assessment of the relevant uncertainties. The oil and gas industry seems to have lost sight of this goal in its good-faith effort to provide decision makers with a richer understanding of the possible outcomes flowing from major decisions. The industry implicitly believes that making good decisions merely requires more information. To counter this, we present a decision-focused uncertainty quantification framework, which we hope, in combination with our survey results, will aid in the innovation of better decision-making tools and methodologies.
Symmetry of hydrogen bonds in solution
Authors: Perrin Charles L. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A classic question regarding hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) concerns their symmetry. Is the hydrogen centered or is it closer to one donor and jumping between them? These possibilities correspond to single- and double-well potentials, respectively. The NMR method of isotopic perturbation can answer this question. It is illustrated with 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropenal and then applied to dicarboxylate monoanions. The 18O-induced 13C NMR splittings signify that their intramolecular H-bonds are asymmetric and that each species is a pair of tautomers, not a single symmetric structure, even though maleate and phthalate are symmetric in crystals. The asymmetry is seen across a wide range of solvents and a wide variety of monoanions, including 2,3-di-tert-butylsuccinate and zwitterionic phthalates. Asymmetry is also seen in monoprotonated 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalenediamines, N,N'-diaryl-6-aminofulvene-2-aldimines, and 6-hydroxy-2-formylfulvene. The asymmetry is attributed to the disorder of the local environment, establishing an equilibrium between solvatomers. The broader implications of these results regarding the role of solvation in breaking symmetry are discussed. It was prudent to confirm a secondary deuterium isotope effect (IE) on amine basicity by NMR titration of a mixture of PhCH2NH2 and PhCHDNH2. The IE is of stereoelectronic origin. It is proposed that symmetric H-bonds can be observed in crystals but not in solution because a disordered environment induces asymmetry, whereas a crystal can guarantee a symmetric environment. The implications for the controversial role of low-barrier H-bonds in enzyme-catalyzed reactions are discussed.
DNA nucleobase properties and photoreactivity: Modeling environmental effects
Authors: Roca-Sanjuán Daniel , Olaso-González Gloria , Rubio Mercedes , Coto Pedro B. , Merchán Manuela , Ferré Nicolas , Ludwig Valdemir , Serrano-Andrés Luis 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The accurate ab initio quantum chemical (QM) method multiconfigurational second-order perturbation (CASSPT2)/complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) has been used in conjunction with molecular mechanics (MM) procedures to compute molecular properties and photoinduced reactivity of DNA/RNA nucleobases (NABs) in isolation and within a realistic environment, in which the double helix strand, the aqueous media, and the external counterions are included. It is illustrated that the use of an MM model is helpful both to account for short- and long-range effects of the system surrounding the QM molecular core and to provide the proper structural constraints that allow more accurate QM geometry determinations.
Design of carborane molecular architectures with electronic structure computations: From endohedral and polyradical systems to multidimensional networks
Authors: Oliva Josep M. , Klein Douglas J. , Schleyer Paul von Ragué , Serrano-Andrés Luis 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The 12 cage-anchoring points of the very stable icosahedral ortho-, meta-, and para-carborane allow the design of multidimensional architectures provided new self-assembling routes are devised. We provide bases for constructing carborane molecular architectures through high-level quantum chemical computations. We consider ejection mechanisms for the inner atom/ion in endohedral carborane complexes, singlet-triplet energy gaps in carborane biradicals, as well as geometry reorganization in carborane neutral and dianionic triplet states. These features, explored in monomers, are starting points for the design of molecular architectures based on electronic structure properties of carborane assemblies.
Associations between Prevalence of Self‐reported Musculoskeletal Symptoms of the Spine and Biopsychosocial Factors among Office Workers
Authors: Janwantanakul Prawit , Pensri Praneet , Jiamjarasrangsi Wiroj , Sinsongsook Thanes 
Published: April 2009

Associations between Prevalence of Self‐reported Musculoskeletal Symptoms of the Spine and Biopsychosocial Factors among Office Workers: Prawit Janwantanakul, et al. Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, ThailandObjectivesTo investigate the relationships between the self‐reported prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck, upper back and low back and certain individual, work‐related physical and psychosocial factors.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey using a descriptive questionnaire, which was distributed to 2000 office workers in 54 workplaces, in Bangkok, registered at the Social Security Office of Thailand.ResultsReturns were 1,428 (71%) questionnaires, and after screening for exclusion criteria, 1,185 office workers were found to be eligible for the study. For the head/neck region, frequently working in an uncomfortable posture increased the risk of experiencing head/neck symptoms (adjusted OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.35–2.44). For the upper back region, frequent trunk bending during work increased the risk of experiencing upper back symptoms (adjusted OR=1.80, 95% CI=1.32–2.44) whereas working in a job that required little interaction with others decreased the risk of experiencing upper back symptoms (adjusted OR=0.42, 95% CI=0.25–0.68). For the low back region, working for >8 h a day showed an elevated risk for low back symptoms (adjusted OR=1.66, 95% CI=1.25–2.22).ConclusionsSome biopsychosocial factors were associated with the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the spine among office workers. Further research should focus on these factors in order to develop specific strategies to reduce the occurrence of such symptoms in the office environment.
Hasüregi dirofilariasisr
Authors: Révész Erzsébet , Markovics Gabriella , Darabos Zoltán , Tóth Ildikó , Fok Éva 
Published: April 2009

AbsztraktSzámos filaria féregfertőzésről számol be a magyar szakirodalom, többségétDirofilaria repensokozta. A szúnyog által terjesztett filaria férgek a kutyák és macskák subcutan szöveteiben jelennek meg. Az emberi fertőzések vagy subcutan csomókat vagy tüdőszövet-granulomákat képeznek, a fertőzöttek többsége panaszmentes. A beszámoló egy újDirofilaria repens-fertőzésről szól, mely egy acut has miatt operált 61 éves férfi hasüregében jelentkezett. A műtét során 8 cm hosszú, fehér fonalféreg által kiváltott, körülírt peritonitis volt észlelhető. A parazita patológiai vizsgálattalDirofilaria repensnek bizonyult.
Leachability of some emerging contaminants in reclaimed municipal wastewater-irrigated turf grass fields
Authors: Xu Jian , Chen Weiping , Wu Laosheng , Green Robert , Chang Andrew C. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Emerging pollutants inherent in reclaimed municipal wastewater, including endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), often have cast uncertainties on the safety of water reuse. We examined the fate and transport behavior of several PPCP and EDC compounds through observations made at experimental turf fields irrigated with naproxen, clofibric acid, diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, estrone, 4-tert-octylphenol, bisphenol A, 4-n-nonylphenol, and triclosan latent irrigation water. The potential of the compounds to contaminate underlying groundwater was assessed using three screening protocols that employed the attributes of soils, chemicals, and water fluxes as the estimators. No compound was detected in the leachate draining through the 89-cm profile of a loamy sand soil and a sandy loam soil turf grass field during four months of irrigation according to operations typical of golf courses in southern California (USA). Ibuprofen, naproxen, triclosan, bisphenol A, clofibric acid, and estrone were detected in the surface to 30-cm soil profiles. Higher irrigation rate and coarser textural soil enhanced the downward movement of chemicals in both soils. The pollution risk screenings identified the same six compounds as having the potential to contaminate groundwater, and under conditions of turf grass irrigation, clofibric acid and ibuprofen would be most prone to cause the pollution.
Removal of Sulfides From Brine By Aeration With Exhaust Gas From Submerged Combustion
Authors: Hart W.J. , Wingate R.G. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Proposed water flooding by Gulf Oil Corp. of the Yates formation in the North Ward-Estes field, Ward and Winkler Counties, Tex., is expected to require infection of a maximum of 150,000 BWPD. The only source in the vicinity capable of furnishing this volume of water is the Hendrick reef, which water contains approximately 500 ppm of hydrogen sulfide. Principally because of the hydrogen sulfide, the water is not compatible with the formation or the formation water, and treatment is essential. Chemical treatment alone proved to be uneconomical; however, data obtained from a scale model showed that removal of hydrogen sulfide by aeration with exhaust gases supplied by a submerged combustion unit combined with chemical treatment merited further investigation and construction of a larger treating plant. The results of the operation of a pilot plant capable of processing 7,500 B/D indicated that sulfide removal by aeration with exhaust gases from a submerged combustion unit and a flash tower was economically feasible and provided satisfactory injection water.

Introduction
Gulf Oil Corp. Is in the process of water flooding its holdings in the NorthWard-Estes field, Ward and Winkler Counties, Tex. This field is 16 miles long and from one to three miles wide, and approximately 730 Gulf wells that now produce from the Yates sand will ultimately be involved in the project. Water for injection is expected to reach a peak of 150,000 B/D, and a volume of this magnitude is readily available in this locality only from the Hendrick Reef formation. This formation has been oil productive in certain parts of the Permian Basin for many years; however, drill-stem test data indicated that the reef contains only sour brine in this area.
In August, 1953, a well was drilled into the Hendrick Reef and completed at a total depth of 3,700 ft with a flowing capacity of 26,700 B/D at a well-head pressure of 25 psi. Chemical analyses showed that the produced water had a low concentration of chloride- and carbonates and a high concentration of sulfates and sulfides. Many difficulties in handling water with such a high sulfide concentration soon became apparent. Corrosion in the supply well was evident from a precipitate of ferrous sulfide which appeared in the well stream after a closed-in period of only a few hours. More important, iron sulfide precipitated immediately when equal volumes of source water and Yates formation water were mixed. Extensive laboratory tests revealed that significant amounts of iron compounds were present in the Yates formation and that the source water was not compatible with it or the formation water.
Impaired Preadipocyte Differentiation in Human Abdominal Obesity
Authors: Isakson Petter , Hammarstedt Ann , Gustafson Birgit , Smith Ulf 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVEWe examined preadipocyte differentiation in obese and nonobese individuals and the effect of cytokines and wingless-type MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus) integration site family, member 3A (Wnt3a) protein on preadipocyte differentiation and phenotype.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSAbdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained from a total of 51 donors with varying BMI. After isolation of the adipose and stromalvascular cells, inflammatory cells (CD14- and CD45-positive cells) were removed by immune magnetic separation. CD133-positive cells, containing early progenitor cells, were also isolated and quantified. The CD14- and CD45-negative preadipocytes were cultured with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, resistin, or Wnt3a with or without a differentiation cocktail.RESULTSThe number of preadipocytes able to differentiate to adipose cells was negatively correlated with both BMI and adipocyte cell size of the donors, whereas the number of CD133-positive cells was positively correlated with BMI, suggesting an impaired differentiation of preadipocytes in obesity. Cultured preadipocytes, like freshly isolated mature adipocytes, from obese individuals had an increased expression of mitogen-activated protein 4 kinase 4 (MAP4K4), which is known to inhibit peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ induction. TNF-α, but not IL-6 or resistin, increased Wnt10b, completely inhibited the normal differentiation of the preadipocytes, and instead induced a proinflammatory and macrophage-like phenotype of the cells.CONCLUSIONSThe apparent number of preadipocytes in the abdominal subcutaneous tissue that can undergo differentiation is reduced in obesity with enlarged fat cells, possibly because of increased MAP4K4 levels. TNF-α promoted a macrophage-like phenotype of the preadipocytes, including several macrophage markers. These results document the plasticity of human preadipocytes and the inverse relationship between lipid storage and proinflammatory capacity.
Outcome of Single Incision Flexor Hallucis Longus Transfer for Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Will Ryan E. , Galey Stephanie M. 
Published: April 2009

Background: Chronic Achilles tendinopathy may require tendon transfer for treatment. Relatively few studies have reported the clinical outcome for flexor hallucis longus (FHL) transfer for chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Both single and double incision techniques have been reported. We present our series of a single incision technique. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study measured the clinical outcomes of 19 patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy treated with single incision FHL transfer. Patients were evaluated with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle/hindfoot instrument, AOFAS hallux instrument as well as pre and postoperative visual analog scales (VAS) for pain. Results: Average AOFAS ankle/hindfoot score was 96.4 ± 5.7. Average AOFAS hallux score was 92.4 ± 6.6. Average pre and postoperative VAS was 7.5 ± 2.7 and 0.6 ± 1.0, respectively. No tendon reruptures, wound complications or hallux deformities occurred. Conclusion: Excellent clinical outcomes with significant decrease in pain are possible with single incision technique for FHL transfer for chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Ankle and Subtalar Kinematics during Dorsiflexion-Plantarflexion Activities
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi , Sasho Takahisa , Kato Hideyuki , Kuroyanagi Yuji , Banks Scott A. 
Published: April 2009

Background: Understanding the effect of weightbearing on subtalar and ankle joint kinematics is critical for the diagnosis and treatment of foot disorders. However, dynamic in vivo kinematics of these joints are not well studied. The purpose of this study was to compare in vivo kinematics during nonweightbearing and weightbearing activities in healthy subjects. Methods: Seven healthy subjects with a mean age of 32 (range, 23 to 42) years were enrolled. Oblique lateral fluoroscopic images of nonweightbearing and weight-bearing dorsiflexion-plantarflexion activities were recorded. Three dimensional subtalar, ankle, and ankle-subtalar joint complex kinematics were determined using 3D-2D model registration techniques with 3D bone models and single-plane fluoroscopy. Results: During the weightbearing activity from 20 degrees dorsiflexion to 15 degrees plantarflexion, the subtalar joint was significantly more everted, dorsiflexed, and abducted, and the calcaneus showed a significantly more posterior position, than during the nonweightbearing activity. The ankle joint was significantly more plantarflexed and adducted during the weightbearing activity than the nonweightbearing activity. The ankle-subtalar joint complex was significantly more everted, and the calcaneus showed significantly greater posterior position than the nonweightbearing activity. Conclusion: These observations provide basic quantitative descriptions of weightbearing and nonweightbearing kinematics for healthy joints. Clinical Relevance: These data can serve as the basis for comparison with pathologic feet for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
The use of illustrations when learning to read: A cognitive load theory approach
Authors: Torcasio Susannah , Sweller John 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThree experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of including illustrations in beginning reading materials. Experiment 1 compared reading materials consisting solely of simple prose passages with materials consisting of the same passages plus informative illustrations depicting the content of each passage. Reading proficiency improved more under the no illustrations condition. Experiment 2 compared the informative illustrations with uninformative illustrations. Reading proficiency improved more using uninformative illustrations. Experiment 3 compared uninformative illustrations with no illustrations and found no significant differences between conditions. These results were interpreted within a cognitive load theory framework. It was concluded that informative illustrations are redundant and so impose an extraneous working memory load that interferes with learning to read. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article was published online on 8th April 2009. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected [3 July 2009].
Microvascular reconstruction after resection of soft tissue sarcoma of the leg
Authors: Barner-Rasmussen I , Popov P , Böhling T , Tarkkanen M , Sampo M , Tukiainen E 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
Limb-sparing surgery and satisfactory functional outcome is the goal of extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS) surgery. Tissue defects after tumour excision are often extensive, and microvascular reconstruction is frequently required.

Methods
Seventy-three patients with STS of the leg requiring microvascular reconstruction were treated between 1985 and 2006. Radiotherapy was delivered if the microscopic surgical margin was less than 2·5 cm.

Results
Mean follow-up was 65·9 months. Seventy-five free flaps were performed, with a success rate of 95 per cent. One patient died within a month of surgery. Five-year local recurrence-free survival was 82 per cent, metastasis-free survival 59 per cent, disease-free survival 56 per cent and disease-specific overall survival 70 per cent. Fifty-five (75 per cent) of the 73 patients were able to walk normally or had only minor walking impairment.

Conclusion
Without microvascular reconstruction, amputation would have been necessary in most patients. Microvascular reconstruction is safe and reliable in lower extremity STS reconstruction.