bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schlaganfallprävention: intrakranielle arterielle Stenosen
Authors: Grams A. E. , Kaps M. , Gizewski E. R. 
Published: December 2011

ZusammenfassungIntrakranielle arterielle Stenosen (IAS) sind für etwa 6,5–8% aller ischämischen Schlaganfälle verantwortlich. Für Patienten mit einer symptomatischen IAS wurde bislang trotz medikamentöser Sekundärprophylaxe innerhalb eines Jahres ein hohes Reinsultrisiko bis zu 12% in dem zugehörigen Gefäßterritorium beschrieben. Dabei haben IAS mit einem Stenosegrad ≥ 70% das höchste Reinsultrisiko (18%). Die Warfarin vs. Aspirin for Symptomatic Intracranial Stenosis Studie (WASID) führte zu der Empfehlung, dass bei symptomatischen IAS zunächst eine medikamentöse Sekundärprophylaxe mit Azetylsalizylsäure erfolgen sollte. Bei einem unter Thrombozytenfunktionshemmern auftretenden erneuten ischämischen Schlaganfall/TIA im Gefäßterritorium der symptomatischen IAS kann insbesondere bei Stenosen ≥ 70% eine interventionelle (stentgestützte) Angioplastie in einem spezialisierten Zentrum empfohlen werden. Zahlreiche aktuelle Veröffentlichungen legten nahe, dass durch die zunehmende Erfahrung der interventionell tätigen Neuroradiologen die periprozedurale Komplikationsrate zwischen 6 und 7% liegt, das Reinfraktrisiko bei bis zu 7,8% bei IAS > 70% liegen. Allerdings zeigte eine neue randomisierte Studie (SAMMPRIS), die bei symptomatischen IAS eine aggressive medikamentöse Sekundärprophylaxe mit der interven­tionellen Therapie vergliechen hat, dass in dieser Kohorte die Letalität im interventionellen Arm bei 14% lag, im medikamentösen Arm nur bei 5,8%. Eine abschließende Bewertung dieser noch sehr neuen Daten kann aktuell noch nicht erfolgen; ein Zwischenfazit könnte sein, dass eine endovaskuläre Therapie an speziellen Zentren in Betracht gezogen werden sollte wenn Patienten unter doppelter Thrombozytenfunktionshemmung weiterhin symptomatisch sind. Die Leitlinien werden sicher eine Weiterentwicklung und erneute Diskussion erfahren.
Dextran hydrogel scaffolds enhance angiogenic responses and promote complete skin regeneration during burn wound healing
Authors: Sun Guoming , Zhang Xianjie , Shen Yu-I , Sebastian Raul , Dickinson Laura E. , Fox-Talbot Karen , Reinblatt Maura , Steenbergen Charles , Harmon John W. , Gerecht Sharon 
Published: December 2011

Neovascularization is a critical determinant of wound-healing outcomes for deep burn injuries. We hypothesize that dextran-based hydrogels can serve as instructive scaffolds to promote neovascularization and skin regeneration in third-degree burn wounds. Dextran hydrogels are soft and pliable, offering opportunities to improve the management of burn wound treatment. We first developed a procedure to treat burn wounds on mice with dextran hydrogels. In this procedure, we followed clinical practice of wound excision to remove full-thickness burned skin, and then covered the wound with the dextran hydrogel and a dressing layer. Our procedure allows the hydrogel to remain intact and securely in place during the entire healing period, thus offering opportunities to simplify the management of burn wound treatment. A 3-week comparative study indicated that dextran hydrogel promoted dermal regeneration with complete skin appendages. The hydrogel scaffold facilitated early inflammatory cell infiltration that led to its rapid degradation, promoting the infiltration of angiogenic cells into the healing wounds. Endothelial cells homed into the hydrogel scaffolds to enable neovascularization by day 7, resulting in an increased blood flow significantly greater than treated and untreated controls. By day 21, burn wounds treated with hydrogel developed a mature epithelial structure with hair follicles and sebaceous glands. After 5 weeks of treatment, the hydrogel scaffolds promoted new hair growth and epidermal morphology and thickness similar to normal mouse skin. Collectively, our evidence shows that customized dextran-based hydrogel alone, with no additional growth factors, cytokines, or cells, promoted remarkable neovascularization and skin regeneration and may lead to novel treatments for dermal wounds.
Home Range Size and Seasonal Movement of Juvenile Lake Sturgeon in a Large River in the Hudson Bay Drainage Basin
Authors: Barth Cameron C. , Anderson W. Gary , Henderson L. M. , Peake Stephan J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDevelopment of rehabilitation strategies and accurate assessment of anthropogenic impacts relies on a thorough understanding of a species’ life history. In the case of the lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens, a better understanding of the juvenile life history stages is needed to improve conservation efforts for this imperiled species. Home range size and seasonal movement of juvenile lake sturgeon in the Winnipeg River, Manitoba, were examined using mark–recapture and acoustic telemetry. Over a 30‐month period (May 2006–October 2008), 5,671 juvenile lake sturgeon (213–879 mm fork length [FL]) were marked with Floy tags and the movements of 23 juvenile lake sturgeon (364–505 mm FL) were monitored by means of acoustic transmitters. Despite the potential for movement over 49 km of naturally connected riverine habitat, the results indicated that juvenile lake sturgeon exhibited strong site fidelity. As determined from the mark–recapture data set, 90.8% of recaptured fish were recaptured less than 2.0 river kilometers (rkm) from their original capture location. Similarly, acoustic telemetry data indicated that 50% of the tagged fish moved 1.5 rkm or less from their initial release locations. Finally, the results of both methodologies indicated that juvenile lake sturgeon rarely move through rapids characterized by high water velocities (>1.5 m/s), complex turbulent flows, boulder and bedrock substrates, and various cross‐sectional water depths ranging from 1.0 m to approximately 15.0 m in either an upstream or downstream direction. These results suggest that the year‐round habitat requirements for juvenile lake sturgeon can be met in relatively short sections of a large river. Furthermore, owing to strong site fidelity and a lack of movement through rapids, macroscale habitat use in juvenile lake sturgeon occupying large rivers may be dependent on dispersal at either the larval or young of the year life history stages.
Laws Pertaining to Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Review of 3 Legal Requirements
Authors: Reagan Julie , Hacker Carl 
Published: December 2011

We reviewed US state and territorial healthcare-associated infection (HAI) laws, specifically addressing 3 legal requirements: data submission, reporting of data to the public, and inclusion of facility identifiers in public reports. The majority of US states and territories have HAI laws. The 3 studied legal provisions are all commonly included in state HAI laws in varying forms; however, only a minority of states and territories specifically mandate all 3 legal requirements. The laws of the remaining states vary considerably.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2012;33(1):75-80
Voluntary to Mandatory: Evolution of Strategies and Attitudes toward Influenza Vaccination of Healthcare Personnel
Authors: Quan Kathleen , Tehrani David M. , Dickey Linda , Spiritus Eugene , Hizon Denise , Heck Kristie , Samuelson Pamela , Kornhauser Elliott , Zeitany Raja , Mancia Susan , Thrupp Lauri , Tiso Susan M. , Huang Susan S. 
Published: December 2011

Background.Assessing the relative success of serial strategies for increasing healthcare personnel (HCP) influenza vaccination rates is important to guide hospital policies to increase vaccine uptake.Objective.To evaluate serial campaigns that include a mandatory HCP vaccination policy and to describe HCP attitudes toward vaccination and reasons for declination.Design.Retrospective cohort study.Methods.We assessed the impact of serial vaccination campaigns on the proportions of HCP who received influenza vaccination during die 2006–2011 influenza seasons. In addition, declination data over these 5 seasons and a 2007 survey of HCP attitudes toward vaccination were collected.Results.HCP influenza vaccination rates increased from 44.0% (2,863 of 6,510 HCP) to 62.9% (4,037 of 6,414 HCP) after institution of mobile carts, mandatory declination, and peer-to-peer vaccination efforts. Despite maximal attempts to improve accessibility and convenience, 27.2% (66 of 243) of die surveyed HCP were unwilling to wait more than 10 minutes for a free influenza vaccination, and 23.3% (55 of 236) would be indifferent if they were unable to be vaccinated. In this context, institution of a mandatory vaccination campaign requiring unvaccinated HCP to mask during the influenza season increased rates of compliance to over 90% and markedly reduced the proportion of HCP who declined vaccination as a result of preference.Conclusions.A mandatory influenza vaccination program for HCP was essential to achieving high vaccination rates, despite years of intensive vaccination campaigns focused on increasing accessibility and convenience. Mandatory vaccination policies appear to successfully capture a large portion of HCP who are not opposed to receipt of die vaccine but who have not made vaccination a priority.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(1):63-70
Statewide Collaboration to Evaluate the Effects of Blood Loss and Transfusion on Surgical Site Infection after Hysterectomy
Authors: Young Heather , Berumen Crystal , Knepper Bryan , Miller Amber , Silverman Morgan , Gilmartin Heather , Wodrich Elizabeth , Alexander Sandy , Price Connie S. 
Published: December 2011

We used mandatory public reporting as an impetus to perform a statewide study to define risk factors for surgical site infection. Among women who underwent abdominal hysterectomy, blood transfusion was a significant risk factor for surgical site infection in patients who experienced blood loss of less than 500 mL.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(1):90-93
A Decrease in the Number of Cases of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Associated with the Enhancement of Infection Prevention and Control Measures during aStaphylococcus aureusOutbreak in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lemyre Brigitte , Xiu Wenlong , Bouali Nicole Rouvinez , Brintnell Janet , Janigan Jo-Anne , Suh Kathryn N. , Barrowman Nicholas 
Published: December 2011

Objective.Most cases of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are sporadic, but outbreaks in hospital settings suggest an infectious cause. Our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) experienced an outbreak of methicillin-sensitiveStaphylococcus aureus(MSSA). We aimed to assess whether the enhancement of infection prevention and control measures would be associated with a reduction in the number of cases of NEC.Design.Retrospective chart review.Setting.A 24-bed, university-affiliated, inborn level 3 NICU.Participants.Infants of less than 30 weeks gestation or birth weight ≤ 1,500 g admitted to the NICU between January 2007 and December 2008 were considered at risk of NEC. All cases of NEC were reviewed.Interventions.Infection prevention and control measures, including hand hygiene education, were enhanced during the outbreak. Avoidance of overcapacity in the NICU was reinforced, environmental services (ES) measures were enhanced, and ES hours were increased.Results.Two hundred eighty-two at-risk infants were admitted during the study. Their gestational age and birth weight (mean ± SD) were 28.2 ± 2.7 weeks and 1,031 ± 290 g, respectively. The proportion of NEC was 18/110 (16.4%) before the outbreak, 1/54 (1.8%) during the outbreak, and 4/118 (3.4%) after the outbreak. After adjustment for gestational age, birth weight, gender, and singleton versus multiple births, the proportion was lower in the postoutbreak period than in the preoutbreak period (P< .002).Conclusion.Although this observational study cannot establish a causal relationship, there was a significant decrease in the incidence of NEC following implementation of enhanced infection prevention and control measures to manage an MSSA outbreak.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2012;33(1):29-33
Temporary Central Venous Catheter Utilization Patterns in a Large Tertiary Care Center Tracking the “Idle Central Venous Catheter”
Authors: Tejedor Sheri Chernetsky , Tong David , Stein Jason , Payne Christina , Dressler Daniel , Xue Wenqiong , Steinberg James P. 
Published: December 2011

Objectives.Although central venous catheter (CVC) dwell time is a major risk factor for catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSIs), few studies reveal how often CVCs are retained when not needed (“idle”). We describe use patterns for temporary CVCs, including peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), on non-ICU wards.Design.A retrospective observational study.Setting.A 579-bed acute care, academic tertiary care facility.Methods.A retrospective observational study of a random sample of patients on hospital wards who have a temporary, nonimplanted CVC, with a focus on on daily ward CVC justification. A uniform definition of idle CVC-days was used.Results.We analyzed 89 patients with 146 CVCs (56% of which were PICCs); of 1,433 ward CVC-days, 361 (25.2%) were idle. At least 1 idle day was observed for 63% of patients. Patients had a mean of 4.1 idle days and a mean of 3.4 days with both a CVC and a peripheral intravenous catheter (PIV). After adjusting for ward length of stay, mean CVC dwell time was 14.4 days for patients with PICCs versus 9.0 days for patients with non-PICC temporary CVCs (other CVCs; P< .001). Patients with a PICC had 5.4 days in which they also had a PIV, compared with 10 days in other CVC patients (P< .001). Patients with PICCs had more days in which the only justification for the CVC was intravenous administration of antimicrobial agents (8.5 vs 1.6 days; P = .0013).Conclusions.Significant proportions of ward CVC-days were unjustified. Reducing “idle CVC-days” and facilitating the appropriate use of PIVs may reduce CVC-days and CR-BSI risk.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(1):50-57
MTBindingSim: simulate protein binding to microtubules
Authors: Philip Julia T. , Pence Charles H. , Goodson Holly V. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Summary: Many protein–protein interactions are more complex than can be accounted for by 1:1 binding models. However, biochemists have few tools available to help them recognize and predict the behaviors of these more complicated systems, making it difficult to design experiments that distinguish between possible binding models. MTBindingSim provides researchers with an environment in which they can rapidly compare different models of binding for a given scenario. It is written specifically with microtubule polymers in mind, but many of its models apply equally well to any polymer or any protein–protein interaction. MTBindingSim can thus both help in training intuition about binding models and with experimental design.
Availability and implementation: MTBindingSim is implemented in MATLAB and runs either within MATLAB (on Windows, Mac or Linux) or as a binary without MATLAB (on Windows or Mac). The source code (licensed under the GNU General Public License) and binaries are freely available at http://mtbindingsim.googlecode.com.
Contact: jphilip@nd.edu; cpence@nd.edu
Participation of Chromatin-Remodeling Proteins in the Repair of Ultraviolet-B-Damaged DNA
Authors: Campi Mabel , D’Andrea Lucio , Emiliani Julia , Casati Paula 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe genome of plants is organized into chromatin, affecting the rates of transcription, DNA recombination, and repair. In this work, we have investigated the consequences of reduced expression of some chromatin-remodeling factors and histone acetylation in maize (Zea mays) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in their participation in DNA repair after ultraviolet (UV)-B irradiation. Plants deficient in NFC102/NFC4 or SDG102/SDG26 showed more damaged DNA than wild-type plants; however, the Arabidopsis chc1 mutant showed similar accumulation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers as wild-type plants, in contrast to the increased DNA damage measured in the maize chc101 RNA interference line. In Arabidopsis, plants deficient in chromatin remodeling are also affected in the accumulation of pigments by UV-B. Plants treated with an inhibitor of histone acetyltransferases, curcumin, previous to the UV-B treatment show deficiencies in DNA repair; in addition, the chromatin remodeling-deficient plants have altered levels of acetylated histones after the UV-B treatment, demonstrating that histone acetylation is important during DNA repair in these two plant species. Arabidopsis mutants ham1 and ham2 also showed increased DNA damage after UV-B, suggesting that the role of these proteins in DNA damage repair has been conserved through evolution. However, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer accumulation was higher in ham1 than in ham2; suggesting that HAM1 has a major role in DNA repair after UV-B. In summary, in this work, we have demonstrated that chromatin remodeling, and histone acetylation in particular, is important during DNA repair by UV-B, demonstrating that both genetic and epigenetic effects control DNA repair in plants.
Rab30 is required for the morphological integrity of the Golgi apparatus
Authors: Kelly Eoin E. , Giordano Francesca , Horgan Conor P. , Jollivet Florence , Raposo Graça , McCaffrey Mary W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground informationRab GTPases are key coordinators of eukaryotic intracellular membrane trafficking. In their active states, Rabs localise to the cytoplasmic face of intracellular compartments where they regulate membrane trafficking processes. Many Rabs have been extensively characterised whereas others, such as Rab30, have to date received relatively little attention.ResultsHere, we demonstrate that Rab30 is primarily associated with the secretory pathway, displaying predominant localisation to the Golgi apparatus. We find by time‐lapse microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching studies that Rab30 is rapidly and continuously recruited to the Golgi. We also show that Rab30 function is required for the morphological integrity of the Golgi. Finally, we demonstrate that inactivation of Rab30 does not impair anterograde or retrograde transport through the Golgi.ConclusionsTaken together, these data illustrate that Rab30 primarily localises to the Golgi apparatus and is required for the structural integrity of this organelle.
Role of the nuclear envelope in calcium signalling
Authors: Mauger Jean‐Pierre 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major Ca2+ store inside the cell. Its organisation in specialised subdomains allows the local delivery of Ca2+ to specific cell areas on stimulation. The nuclear envelope (NE), which is continuous with the ER, has a double role: it insulates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm and it stores Ca2+ around the nucleus. Furthermore, all the constituents of the signalling cascade leading to Ca2+ mobilisation are found in the NE; this allows the nuclear Ca2+ to be regulated autonomously. On the other hand, cytosolic Ca2+ transients can propagate within the nucleus via the nuclear pore complex. The variations in nuclear Ca2+ concentration are important for controlling gene transcription and progression in the cell cycle. Recent data suggest that invaginations of the NE modify the morphology of the nucleus and may affect Ca2+ dynamics in the nucleus and regulate transcriptional activity.
Regulation of the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of viral and cellular proteins by ubiquitin and small ubiquitin‐related modifiers
Authors: Wang Yao E. , Pernet Olivier , Lee Benhur 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNucleocytoplasmic trafficking of many cellular proteins is regulated by nuclear import/export signals as well as post‐translational modifications such as covalent conjugation of ubiquitin and small ubiquitin‐related modifiers (SUMOs). Ubiquitination and SUMOylation are rapid and reversible ways to modulate the intracellular localisation and function of substrate proteins. These pathways have been co‐opted by some viruses, which depend on the host cell machinery to transport their proteins in and out of the nucleus. In this review, we will summarise our current knowledge on the ubiquitin/SUMO‐regulated nuclear/subnuclear trafficking of cellular proteins and describe examples of viral exploitation of these pathways.
Prenatal diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum group A in Japan
Authors: MORIWAKI Shinichi , YAMASHITA Yoshiki , NAKAMURA Sachiko , FUJITA Daisuke , KOHYAMA Jun , TAKIGAWA Masahiro , OHMICHI Masahide 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe performed a prenatal diagnosis for 10 fetuses from nine unrelated Japanese xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XP‐A) families. All parents had at least one XP‐A child (proband) with a homozygous founder mutation (IVS3‐1G>C) in the XPA gene. A genetic analysis was performed by a restriction enzyme; AlwNI fragment length polymorphism of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐amplified DNA, mostly from amniotic fluid (AF) and cultured cells established from AF. However, for the first family, we tried amniocentesis as well as chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Among the 10 cases, we confirmed the results of PCR‐based genetic diagnosis by post‐ultraviolet survival of amniotic cells in eight cases. Unfortunately, 6 weeks after CVS and 4 days after the amniocentesis in the first case we examined, the fetus died in utero, the reason for which remains unexplained. We prenatally determined two XP‐A cases, six XP‐A carriers and two wild‐type fetuses, which appears to be consistent with Mendel’s law.
Mouse models for studying pain in sickle disease: effects of strain, age, and acuteness
Authors: Cain David M. , Vang Derek , Simone Donald A. , Hebbel Robert P. , Gupta Kalpna 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThe clinical management of severe pain associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) remains challenging. Development of an optimal therapy would be facilitated by use of murine model(s) with varying degrees of sickling and pain tests that are most sensitive to vaso‐occlusion. We found that young (≤3 months old) NY1DD and S+SAntilles mice (having modest and moderate sickle phenotype, respectively) exhibited evidence of deep tissue/musculoskeletal pain. Deep tissue pain and cold sensitivity in S+SAntilles mice increased significantly with both age and incitement of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). C57/BL6 mice (genetic background strain of NY1DD and S+SAntilles) were hypersensitive to mechanical and heat stimuli, even without the sickle transgene. H/R treatment of HbSS‐BERK mice with severe sickle phenotype resulted in significantly decreased withdrawal thresholds and enhanced mechanical, thermal and deep tissue hyperalgesia. Deep hyperalgesia incited by H/R in HbSS‐BERK was ameliorated by CP 55940, a cannabinoid receptor agonist. Thus, assessment of deep tissue pain appears to be the most sensitive measure for studying pain mechanisms across mouse models of SCD, and HbSS‐BERK mice may be the best model for vaso‐occlusive and chronic pain of SCD.