bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive impairment and psychosocial functioning in bipolar II disorder
Authors: Solé B. , Bonnin C. M. , Torrent C. , Balanzá‐Martínez V. , Tabarés‐Seisdedos R. , Popovic D. , Martínez‐Arán A. , Vieta E. 
Published: August 2011

Solé B, Bonnin CM, Torrent C, Balanzá‐Martínez V, Tabarés‐Seisdedos R, Popovic D, Martínez‐Arán A, Vieta E. Neurocognitive impairment and psychosocial functioning in bipolar II disorder.Objective:  There is a growing body of evidence on neurocognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar patients, but this issue has been studied mostly in bipolar I disorder, data on bipolar II (BD‐II) are scant and discrepant. The two aims of this study were to ascertain whether strictly defined euthymic BD‐II patients would present neurocognitive disturbances and to evaluate their impact on functional outcome.Method:  Forty‐three BD‐II patients and 42 demographically and educationally matched healthy subjects were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and with the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). The euthymia criteria were reduced (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score ≤6 and a Young Mania Rating Scale score ≤6) to minimize the influence of subdepressive symptomatology on cognition and functioning.Results:  BD‐II patients showed a significantly lower performance on several measures of attention, learning and verbal memory, and executive function compared with healthy controls. The presence of subthreshold depressive symptomatology and one measure related to executive function (Trail Making Test, part B) was the variables that best predicted psychosocial functioning measured with the SOFAS.Conclusion:  This report provides further evidence that euthymic BD‐II patients present cognitive impairment which may impact psychosocial functioning.
The effects of replacement of antibiotics with by‐products of oriental medicinal plants on growth performance and meat qualities in fattening pigs
Authors: KANG Suk Nam , CHU Gyo Moon , SONG Young Min , JIN Sang Keun , HWANG In Ho , KIM Il Suk 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe effect of by‐products of oriental medicinal plants (OMP; T1) containing 0.03% herb extracts (T2) or 0.1% aminolevulinic acid (T3) on the production performance of swine during the finishing period and on its meat quality were investigated. No significant differences were found in the weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate among the tested groups (P > 0.05). But the treated group showed higher (P < 0.05) moisture and ash and lower protein than the control group. The T3 group showed a lower meat cholesterol content (38.42 mg/100 g) compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). The vitamin E content of the muscle in the treated groups was higher compared to the control group. No antibiotic content was detected in all treated and control samples. The values of the volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) of the treated groups were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than the control group. The treated groups had significantly better (P < 0.05) sensory‐test scores for color, flavor, off‐flavor and total acceptability compared to the control group.
Charles Cotton: New Zealand's most influential geomorphologist
Authors: Crozier Michael , Priestley Rebecca 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCharles Cotton was New Zealand's foremost advocate for geomorphology. His publications were recognised nationally and internationally, informing educational curricula and captivating the wider public. His approach to landform study was strongly influenced by The Geographical Cycle espoused by William Morris Davis of Harvard University. For the first half of the 20th century, The Cycle constituted the dominant paradigm of landform studies, but it was ultimately severely criticised and abandoned as unrealistic. While Cotton lost credence among some academics for his reluctance to abandon The Cycle, his elegantly illustrated written work made a lasting contribution to many branches of earth science.
George Jobberns and the writing of New Zealand geography: Textbooks from the 1920s to 1940s
Authors: Roche Michael 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDrawing on the work of Blaut, Marsdan, and Ploszajska, the text books written by George Jobberns from the late 1920s to the mid‐1940s are scrutinised. This reveals that his first texts were influenced by environmental determinism but that he adopted some of Sauer's cultural landscapes approach once at the University of Cantabery.
Creating public spaces for geography in New Zealand: Towards an assessment of the contributions of Kenneth Cumberland
Authors: Pawson Eric 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper traces some of the key contributions of Kenneth Cumberland to the making of the discipline of geography in New Zealand between the 1940s and the 1980s. It is structured around five themes: his early development as a geographer; his role in institutionalising the discipline, including his role in founding the New Zealand Geographical Society and this journal, the New Zealand Geographer; his scholarly work, especially as this relates to understanding changing landscapes; his roles in the politics of New Zealand geography; and his career long interest in popularising geographical messages, culminating in the Landmarks television series.
Evolving disciplinary imaginaries: Mapping the New Zealand Geographer, 1945–1969
Authors: Wilson Andrew Charles , Henry Matthew 
Published: August 2011

AbstractOur paper explores the early development of the New Zealand Geographer. We situate a series of continuities in its pages within the context of a wider Anglo‐American regional orthodoxy and the articulation of a ‘pragmatic sanction’ for geographers in New Zealand. We argue that the journal cannot be separated from disciplinary disputes about the character and practice of geography in New Zealand. Consequently, we suggest that the journal can be understood in performative terms insofar as its pages were used to discipline academic geographers as it simultaneously aimed to satisfy a ‘common curiosity’ about New Zealand for New Zealanders.
Reflections on a region: New Zealand geographers and the study of Pacific peoples with special reference to the period 1945–1970
Authors: Bedford Richard 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSince the late 1940s, the Pacific islands have had a special place in teaching and research in New Zealand's university geography departments. This paper recalls some dimensions of a ‘golden age’ in the study of Pacific peoples by New Zealand geographers between 1945 and 1970. Attention is focused on the ‘Cumberland’ school of regional geography and some of the debates this generated in the 1960s. The paper concludes with a plea for the revitalisation of Pacific regional geography, especially in the light of the very different challenges that are confronting the islands in the 21st century.
Microbiostratigraphy of Kazhdumi Formation in the Northwestern Shiraz (Southwest Iran) on the Basis of Foraminifera and Calcareous Algae
Authors: SHIRAZI Mahnaz Parvaneh‐Nejad , BAHRAMI Mohammad , REZAEE Bahman , GHARAMANI Shahin 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:The middle Cretaceous Kazhdumi Formation, with a thickness of 222 m, belongs to the Bangestan Group and occurs in the Zagros folded zone in southwest Iran. The lower boundary with the Dariyan Formation is disconformable, which is recognized by iron oxides and glauconite. The recognized microfossils are Valvulammina sp., Scandonea sp., Daxia cenomana, Choffatela sp., Pseudolituonella reicheli and calcareous algae‐Lithocodium aggregatum (which belongs to the Sarvak Formation), representing the beginning of Cenomanian. Other microfossils are: Ammobaculites goodlandensis, Marsonella trochus, Hemicyclammina sigali, Praechrysalidina infracretacea, Orbitolina gr. concava, Orbitolina (conicorbitolina) conica, Orbitolina subconcava, Salpingoporella sp., Trinocladus tripolitanus, Trinocladus sp., Permocalculus irenae and Dissocladella deserta. These microfossils can be classified into five assemblage zones.
Distinguishing and Correlating Multiple Phases of Metamorphism across Multiply Deformed Regions Using the Axes of Inclusion Trails in Porphyroblasts
Authors: SHAH Ahmad Afroz , ALI Asghar 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:Successions of FIAs (foliation inflection/intersection axes preserved within porphyroblasts) provide a relative time scale for deformation and metamorphism. In‐situ dating of monazite grains preserved as inclusions within garnet and staurolite porphyroblasts within the foliations defining each FIA from such successions provides a rigorous approach to grouping ages that formed over extended periods of deformation and metamorphism. Matching age and FIA progressions confirms the suitability of this approach plus provides access to lengthy histories that cannot otherwise be determined. Tectonism in the Big Thompson region of the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA began about a SW‐NE trending axis defined by FIA set 1 at around 1761 ± 13 Ma. Subsequent periods of tectonism occurred around 1712 ± 25 and 1672 ± 21 Ma about W‐E and NW‐SE trending FIAs 2 and 3, respectively. Tectonism in the Balcooma Metamorphic Group NW of Greenvale in NE Queensland, Australia began around 470 Ma with the growth of garnet porphyroblasts about a W‐E trending axis defined by FIA set 1. No monazite grains were preserved as inclusions in this mineral phase but they were in subsequently grown staurolite. Tectonism then occurred around 443.2±3.8, 424 ± 4 and 408.9 ± 8.9 Ma about NNW‐SSE, SSW‐NNE and W‐E trending FIAs 2, 3 and 4, respectively. This test of a FIA based approach to monazite dating in tectonic regimes in different parts of the world and with dramatically different ages suggests it can be used in all orogens containing porphyroblasts preserving inclusion trails.
New Jurassic Paleomagnetic Results from Southeastern China and Their Geological Implication
Authors: WANG Bin , ZHANG Guowei 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:A paleomagnetic study was carried out on late Jurassic sediments in the Nanjing area. Stepwise thermal demagnetization was used to isolate the characteristic higher temperature component (HTC) (D=354.0°, I=48.5°, a95=7.8°), which passes the reversal test. A 24.7 ± 8.7°counter‐clockwise rotation relative to the Sichuan area is detected through comparing this new pole (84.4°N, 7.0°E, A95=7.7°) with other coeval poles reported from South China. This rotation was conducted by sinistral action of slip faults. These cases presenting in several areas of eastern China indicate that deformation of eastern China is under the effect of subduction from the Pacific Ocean plate. The difference on the paleolatitude of several areas across the Tan‐Lu fault zone is calculated and suggests about at most 250 km offset distance after the later Jurassic.
Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Radiolarian Cherts of the Mada'er Area, Southwestern Tianshan: Implications for Depositional Environment
Authors: KANG Jianli , ZHANG Zhaochong , ZHANG Dongyang , HUANG He , DONG Shuyun , ZHANG Su 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:In the southwestern Tianshan, the geologic ages of many strata and their depositional environments are still poorly constrained because of complex structures. The Mada'er area is located in the Kuokesaleling belt, Southwestern Tianshan. The cherts from the former Wupata'erkan Group contain abundant radiolarian fossils, including 10 species which are identified as late Devonian to early Carboniferous in age. Eleven chert samples have SiO2 contents ranging from 88.80 wt% to 93.28 wt%, and 2.02 wt% to 3.72 wt% for Al2O3. The SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of all samples vary from 23.84 to 46.11, much lower than those of the pure cherts (80–1400). These values suggest that the cherts contain high ratios of terrigenous materials. The Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3) ratios vary between 0.64 and 0.77, whereas V and Cu concentrations range from 10.92 ppm to 26.7 ppm and from 2.15 ppm to 34.1 ppm respectively. The Ti/V ratios vary from 25.53 to 44.93. The total REE concentrations of the cherts are between 30.78 ppm and 59.26 ppm, averaging 45.46 ppm. The (La/Ce)N ratios range from 0.81 to 1.12, and 0.88–1.33 for (La/Yb)N, averaging 1.09, which suggests a continental margin environment. Consequently, it is inferred that the cherts formed in a residual sea environment during the late Devonian to early Carboniferous time, which suggests that the collision between the Karakum‐Tarim and Kazakhstan‐Junggar plates did not occur at the time. In addition, the regional geological information indicates that the study area experienced a post‐collision stage during the early Permian, and thus it is likely that the collision between the two plates took place in the late Carboniferous.
Sensitive High Resolution Ion Micro‐Probe U‐Pb Zircon Geochronology and Geochemistry of Mafic Rocks from the Pulan‐Xiangquanhe Ophiolite, Tibet: Constraints on the Evolution of the Neo‐tethys
Authors: XIA Bin , LI Jianfeng , XU Lifeng , WANG Ran , YANG Zhiqing 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:The Pulan‐Xiangquanhe ophiolite in the western Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone of Tibet is investigated for its geochemistry, geochronology, and tectonic implications in detail. Sensitive high resolution ion micro‐probe zircon U‐Pb dating reveals that diabases in the ophiolite from the three locations of Xugugab, Mapam Yum Co and La'nga Co are dated at 122.3 ± 2.5 Ma, 118.8 ± 1.8 Ma and 120.5 ± 1.9 Ma, respectively. These early Cretaceous mafic rocks have Na2O+K2O, rare earth element patterns, trace elemental spider diagram and other geochemical fingerprints of typical mature back‐arc basin affinity. Therefore, the Pulan‐Xiangquanhe ophiolite formed under a mature back‐arc basin environment, which was a product of this intra‐oceanic subduction system. A suprasubduction system could have existed in the southern margin of Eurasia, which involved both intra‐oceanic and continent‐ward subductions. Extension dominated the southern margin of the Eurasian continent during the early Cretaceous.
Geochemical and Environmental Evaluation of Um Shashoba Gold Mine Area, Southeastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: DARWISH Mohamed Abdallah Gad 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:A suite of elements (Ag, Au, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Hf, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sr, Te and Zn), total organic carbon (TOC) and pH were analyzed in stream sediment and tailing samples from Um Shashoba area, in order to evaluate Au placer and the sediments being impacted by old mining activities. Analytical results were examined using statistical, graphical and mapping methods. In spite of the results revealing that Au and most of the elements in sediments were in general significantly lower than those in tailing, Au was concentrated in the NE and SW parts forming Au placer. It is remarkably a close association of Au with Hg and Sb; both are useful as pathfinder elements for Au placers. Values of pH could not control a fate of analyzed elements, whereas TOC and Mn oxides and hydroxides could uptake some elements Au, Ba, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Sr. The results also indicated that the sediments were contaminated by anthropogenic factors causing moderate, strong to very strong pollution with respect to Bi, Se and Te, respectively. Additionally, geogenic factors could also contribute elemental enrichment to the drainage system and cause significant toxicity level.
Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Paleozoic Donghetang Formation in the Southwestern Tahe Area
Authors: ZHOU Wen , ZHAO Guanjun , LIU Fei , YE Bin , LI Xiuhua , HUANG Tingting , ZHOU Qiumei , DONG Guoliang 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:The ancient structure characteristic, correlation of the oil and the hydrocarbon source rock characteristics, hydrocarbon migration trace, types and conditions of traps, migration passages and characteristic of hydrocarbon accumulation are researched in this paper. It is shown through the analysis that two main large tectonic activities after the Early Hercynian orogeny resulted in different tectonic patterns in the study area. Two main hydrocarbon infills occurred in the Donghetang Formation, the first occurred in the Early Hercynian resulting in the ancient hydrocarbon accumulation in the northern Tahe, the second infill was a large amount that occurred in places beneficial for hydrocarbon accumulation, such as structural traps and structural‐stratigraphic traps formed in the Early Himalayan orogeny after migration along the faults through source rocks and other passages. Before the earlier period of the Himalayan orogeny, the petroleum mainly migrated to the north, whereas petroleum migrated to the south and southeast because of the structural reverse in the Himalayan orogeny, so the middle and later period of the Himalayan orogeny is the key period for hydrocarbon accumulation. The model of “oil generation formed early, hydrocarbon accumulation controlled by the faults through source rocks and structures formed late” is proposed. It is pointed out that the south of the research area is currently the beneficial district for hydrocarbon accumulation, which provides the basis for future petroleum exploration.
Geochemical Characterization and Origin of High‐Sulfur, Heavy Oils in Jiyang Sub‐Basin, East China
Authors: WANG Guangli , WANG Tieguan , ZHANG Linye 
Published: August 2011

Abstract:High‐sulfur, heavy petroleum is widely occurring in the Tertiary lacustrine Jiyang sub‐basin, Bohai Bay Basin. They are differentiated into two families based on the bulk properties and biomarker compositions. Family 1 is characterized by high resins (40%–71%) and sulfur (2%–4%), and low wax (1%–6%), with n‐alkanes removed by biodegradation, whereas family 2 is characterized by extremely abundant sulfur (3%–10%), and high asphaltenes (7%–31%) and wax (2%–19%), with no evidence of microbial attack. The oils of family 1 are distributed in the reservoir, lower than 1500 m throughout the sub‐basin. Biomarker assemblages, such as low pristane/phytane ratios (<1 Pr/Ph) and a high abundance of carotane, gammacerane, and dinosterane, suggest that they are derived from the calcareous mudstones and shales among the stratified, saline Esu4 unit, in addition to the in situ biodegradation‐concentrated sulfur content. However, the oils of family 2 are identified only in the western Zhanhua and eastern Chezhen depressions, with a depth deeper than 1700 m. Physical properties, together with biomarker ratios, including even‐numbered n‐alkanes, <1 Pr/Ph, trace diasteranes, higher C35 homohopanes, and abundant dibenzothiophene series, with >1 dibenzothiophene/phenanthrene, indicate an origin from carbonate source rocks. The X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the carbonate source rock is limited in the Esu4 unit of the Bonan sag, which is different from most other source rocks in the same horizon. It is suggested that the high‐sulfur, heavy oils are generated at the early stage of the oil window. Bacterial sulfate reduction might be responsible for the occurrence of sulfur species in the high‐sulfur, heavy oils, while heavy biodegradation will enhance sulfur concentrations.
Subjective time estimates of work tasks by office workers
Authors: HARTLEY CRAIG , BRECHT MARK , PAGEREY PETER , WEEKS GERALD , CHAPANIS ALPHONSE , HOECKER DOUGLAS 
Published: August 2011

Job information supplied by workers has many valuable uses in industry. While the reliability of self‐reports is well established in the literature, few validity studies have been reported. This study used an observational coding system to provide criterion data for assessing the accuracy of three kinds of worker self‐report: activity identification, activity rank ordering, and activity time estimation. Work activities for 36 office workers were coded by observers and compared with worker estimates obtained from a card‐sorting task and a written questionnaire.Accuracy of the self‐report activity data decreased as more quantitative information was requested: workers were best at identifying the tasks which they had performed, they were less able to judge the relative amounts of time spent in those activities, and they were least able to say how much time they had spent in any one activity. We conclude that in the analysis of work, self‐report techniques provide greater quantification only at the expense of accuracy.
Status inconsistency and the technician's work adjustment
Authors: KOCH JAMES L. 
Published: August 2011

This study examines Homans' proposition that an inconsistent status profile causes individuals to feel dissatisfied and to balance rankings at as high a level as possible on the various status dimensions being considered.The sample (n = 501) comprised a diverse group of technicians in a large federal agency. Six status dimensions were considered: knowledge, skill, responsibility, prestige, authority and opportunity for advancement. The criterion measures associated with status inconsistency included: job dissatisfaction; increased levels of interest in unionization; heightened interest in occupational certification; and reduced occupational and organizational commitment.In general, technicians possess extremely high levels of confidence in their knowledge and skill, but in self‐comparisons with professionals they do not fare well on the status dimensions of authority, prestige and opportunity for advancement. Important sources of this imbalance in the technician's status profile are identified. Attitudinal and behaviour consequences are discussed, and organizational alternatives for responding to this occupational concern are also suggested.
Team nursing in a general hospital: Theory, results and limitations
Authors: BOEKHOLDT M. G. , KANTERS H. W. 
Published: August 2011

The paper presents an overview of the way team nursing was implemented on several nursing wards of a general hospital. A summary is given of the results of action research on the change project.In the discussion two limiting factors in the realization of team nursing are elaborated upon These are factors in the environment of the nursing ward and factors on the level of the individual nurse. An alternative theoretical model on the therapeutic interaction between nurse and patient is presented.
Sex differences in interest measurement
Authors: BLOCH TOVA 
Published: August 2011

A Hebrew version of the Brook Test was used as an unbiased, non‐suggestive instrument to measure the difference in interests between boys and girls aged 14–18 (grade 9–12). The largest difference (one standard deviation) was in technical interest.A group of 166 adults from four occupations was used to cross‐check the results. In this group the interests related much more to the subjects' occupations than to their sex.
The relative importance of potential outcomes of occupational guidance: An assessment by occupational guidance officers
Authors: SHACKLETON V. J. , SPURGEON P. C. 
Published: August 2011

The ‘intangible’ outcomes of occupational guidance were first examined in terms of the extent to which they were an adequate description of the occupational guidance process. Subsequently, a relative weighting was imposed on these outcomes on the basis of judgements made by 12 occupational guidance officers. Two methods were employed and compared; (1) rankings; (2) the Churchman & Ackoff (1954) technique to yield an approximate measure of value.A considerable degree of agreement was evident in the guidance officers' ordering of the outcomes, and there was a similarly high level of consistency in the results from the two methods. The relative merits of the techniques are considered, and the need for additional information from the client population is indicated.