bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On global solar dynamo simulations
Authors: Käpylä P.J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGlobal dynamo simulations solving the equations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) have been a tool of astrophysicists who try to understand the magnetism of the Sun for several decades now. During recent years many fundamental issues in dynamo theory have been studied in detail by means of local numerical simulations that simplify the problem and allow the study of physical effects in isolation. Global simulations, however, continue to suffer from the age‐old problem of too low spatial resolution, leading to much lower Reynolds numbers and scale separation than in the Sun. Reproducing the internal rotation of the Sun, which plays a crucial role in the dynamo process, has also turned out to be a very difficult problem. In the present paper the current status of global dynamo simulations of the Sun is reviewed. Emphasis is put on efforts to understand how the large‐scale magnetic fields, i.e. whose length scale is greater than the scale of turbulence, are generated in the Sun. Some lessons from mean‐field theory and local simulations are reviewed and their possible implications to the global models are discussed. Possible remedies to some current issues of solar simulations are put forward (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A comparison of embalming fluids for use in surgical workshops
Authors: Jaung Rebekah , Cook Peter , Blyth Phil 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThere is a growing need to learn surgical skills without risk to patients. One of the major determining factors on the suitability of specimens for surgical workshops is the fluid used for embalming. This study sought to compare three different arterial embalming preparations to a single fresh cadaver. Eleven cadavers embalmed using Graz (single cadaver), Dodge (four cadavers) and Genelyn (five cadavers) preparations were compared using four criteria; joint flexibility measured with a goniometer, tissue pliability rated on standardized videos of instrument handling, tissue color analyzed on standardized photographs and resistance to fungal growth identified by inoculation and observation of tissue blocks. The cadaver embalmed according to the Graz method had joint flexibility comparable to fresh tissue while the Dodge and Genelyn cadavers were less flexible. Tissue pliability was significantly affected by the Dodge and Genelyn methods while the Graz method tissue remained most like fresh tissue. The Graz method cadaver had color that was most akin to fresh tissue and the Dodge method cadavers were relatively more like fresh than the Genelyn. The Dodge and Genelyn method had quite similar fungicidal properties (3/11 Dodge and 2/9 Genelyn embalmed cadavers susceptible) while the Graz method cadaver did not grow mould. Variation exists between cadavers; however, the Graz method produced a cadaver with more flexible joints, better tissue quality and muscle color closest to the fresh specimen. The Dodge and Genelyn methods are similar with the exception of tissue color where the Dodge method was more similar to fresh tissue. Clin. Anat. 24:155–161, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fetal anatomy of the lower cervical and upper thoracic fasciae with special reference to the prevertebral fascial structures including the suprapleural membrane
Authors: Miyake Naritomo , Takeuchi Hiromi , Cho Baik Hwan , Murakami Gen , Fujimiya Mineko , Kitano Hiroya 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to find basic rules governing the fetal anatomy of the deep cervical fasciae and their connections to the mediastinal fasciae. We examined the histology of paraffin‐embedded preparations of 18 mid‐term fetuses (5 between 9 and 12 weeks of gestation, 3 between 15 and 18 weeks, and 10 between 20 and 25 weeks). The prevertebral lamina of the deep cervical fasciae (PLDCF) developed as an intermediate aponeurosis for the bilateral bellies of the longus colli muscles. In contrast, the alar fascia developed as a connecting band between the bilateral adventitiae of the common carotid artery. The retropharyngeal fascia became evident much later than the latter two fasciae. The fascia covering the thymus was thicker than the fascia for the strap muscles (the pretracheal lamina of the cervical fascia). The primitive suprapleural membrane, or Sibson's fascia, contained veins and fatty tissues, and was composed of the alar fascia rather than the PLDCF, tranversalis fascia, or endothoracic fascia. The prevertebral two‐laminar configuration was rather evident in the early stages of development because, in the later stages, the fasciae together provided a multilaminar structure, especially in the lateral area in front of the longus colli, which suspended the cupula pleurae. To consider a continuation from the base of the neck to the upper mediastinum, the alar fascia seems to be a key structure for connecting the vascular sheath to the parietal pleura. Clin. Anat. 24:607–618, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anomalous branching pattern of external carotid artery: Clinical relevance to cervicofacial surgery
Authors: Eid N. , Ito Y. , Otsuki Y. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAnomalous branching pattern of the left external carotid artery (ECA) was detected in an old man. The ECA branched into high submental artery and large transverse facial artery ending as angular artery compensating for concurrent agenesis of ipsilateral facial artery. The lingual artery gave direct branch to the submandibular gland, whereas the superior thyroid artery arose directly from common carotid artery with high bifurcation level. This unreported branching pattern of the ECA may have important clinical relevance to cervicofacial surgery. Clin. Anat. 24:953–955, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Persistent median artery: Cadaveric study and review of the literature
Authors: Eid N. , Ito Y. , Shibata M.A. , Otsuki Y. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe persistent median artery (PMA) may compress the median nerve (MN) and may be a significant supply of blood to the hand. Two cases of unilateral PMA (4%) were detected during the dissection of 50 upper limbs. The first case was a 75‐year‐old, right‐handed male who suffered from chronic pain in both upper limbs, especially the left side. A dissection of his left upper limb revealed a PMA piercing both the MN and the medial branch of the anterior interosseous nerve. This artery coursed distally, deep to the transverse carpal ligament (TCL), forming a median‐ulnar pattern for the superficial palmar arch (SPA). The PMA was superficial to two nerves at the distal edge of the TCL; the extraligamentous recurrent thenar (RT) branch of the MN and the third common digital nerve (TCDN). The second case was from the left side of an 80‐year‐old female found to have a high origin of the radial artery with trifurcation of the latter into PMA, common interosseous, and ulnar arteries. The PMA passed deep to the TCL forming a radial‐median‐ulnar pattern of SPA. Both the transligamentous RT branch of the MN and the TCDN passed deep to the PMA inside the carpal tunnel, before the abnormal crossing of the latter nerve ventral to the SPA on its way to the digits. The relationships of the PMA to various MN branches may have important implications regarding the diagnosis and treatment of MN compressive neuropathies. Clin. Anat. 24:627–633, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful subxyphoid hybrid approach for placement of a melody percutaneous pulmonary valve
Authors: Simpson Kathleen E. , Huddleston Charles B. , Foerster Susan , Nicholas Ramzi , Balzer David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA variety of complex congenital heart defects in the pediatric population involve placement of a right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit as part of surgical repair. With the advent of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI), patients may avoid the risks of serial surgical reinterventions as the PPVI acts to prolong the life of a previously placed conduit. As the experience with PPVI is growing, new challenges arise from complicated anatomy and severe conduit stenosis. We present a case of a 16‐year‐old male who underwent successful pulmonary valve placement with a Melody valve via a subxyphoid hybrid approach after an unsuccessful attempt at percutaneous placement. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein Nanotubes with an Enzyme Interior Surface
Authors: Komatsu Teruyuki , Terada Hiromi , Kobayashi Nao 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis report describes the synthesis and enzyme activities of multilayered protein nanotubes with an α‐glucosidase (αGluD) interior surface. The nanotubes were prepared by using an alternating layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly of human serum albumin (HSA) and oppositely charged poly‐L‐arginine (PLA) into a track‐etched polycarbonate (PC) membrane (pore size=400 nm) followed by addition of αGluD as the last layer of the wall. Subsequent dissolution of the PC template yielded (PLA/HSA)2PLA/αGluD nanotubes. SEM measurements revealed the formation of uniform hollow cylinders with (413±17) nm outer diameter and (52±3) nm wall thickness. In aqueous media, the nanotubes captured a fluorogenic glucopyranoside, 4‐methyl‐umbelliferyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside (MUGlc), into their one‐dimensional pore space and hydrolyzed the substrate efficiently to form α‐D‐glucose. We determined the enzyme parameters (Michaelis constant, KM, and catalytic constant, kcat, values) of the protein nanotubes. The several‐micrometers‐long cylinders were of sufficient length to be spun down by centrifugation at 4000 g, so the product could therefore be easily separated. Similar biocatalysts were prepared by complexation of biotinylated‐αGluD into HSA‐based nanotubes bearing a single avidin layer as an internal surface. The obtained hybrid nanotubes also exhibited the same enzyme activity for the MUGlc hydrolysis.
Mechanism of the Living Lactide Polymerization Mediated by Robust Zinc Guanidine Complexes
Authors: Börner Janna , dos Santos Vieira Ines , Pawlis Alexander , Döring Artjom , Kuckling Dirk , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: January 2011

AbstractZinc bis(chelate) guanidine complexes promote living lactide polymerization at elevated temperatures. By means of kinetic and spectroscopic analyses the mechanism has been elucidated for these special initiators that make use of neutral N‐donor ligands. The neutral guanidine function initiates the polymerization by a nucleophilic ring‐opening attack on the lactide molecule. DFT calculations on the first ring‐opening step show that the guanidine is able to act as a nucleophile. Three transition states were located for ligand rearrangement, nucleophilic attack, and ring‐opening. The second ring‐opening step was modeled as a representation for the chain growth because here, the lactate alcoholate opens the second lactide molecule via two transition states (nucleophilic attack and ring‐opening). Additionally, the resulting reaction profile proceeds overall exothermically, which is the driving force for the reaction. The experimental and calculated data are in good agreement and the presented mechanism explains why the polymerization proceeds without co‐initiators.
Controllable Synthesis of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid MoOx/Polyaniline Nanowires and Nanotubes
Authors: Wang Sinong , Gao Qingsheng , Zhang Yahong , Gao Jing , Sun Xuhui , Tang Yi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA novel chemical oxidative polymerization approach has been proposed for the controllable preparation of organic–inorganic hybrid MoOx/polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites based on the nanowire precursor of Mo3O10(C6H8N)2⋅2 H2O with sub‐nanometer periodic structures. The nanotubes, nanowires, and rambutan‐like nanoparticles of MoOx/PANI were successfully obtained through simply modulating the pH values to 2.5–3.5, ≈2.0 and ≈1.0, respectively. Through systematic physicochemical characterization, such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and so forth, the composition and structure of MoOx/PANI hybrid nanocomposites are well confirmed. It is found that the nanowire morphology of the precursor is the key to achieve the one‐dimensional (1D) structures of final products. A new polymerization–dissolution mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of such products with different morphologies, in which the match between polymerization and dissolution processes of the precursor plays the important role. This approach will find a new way to controllably prepare various organic–inorganic hybrid 1D nanomaterials especially for polymer–hybrid nanostructures.
Blue/Red Linear Dichroic Emission from a Highly Anisotropic Crystal of Triarylmethane Dye Conjugated with Phenoxo‐Zinc Complexes
Authors: Houjou Hirohiko , Takezawa Shunpei , Oyamada Issei , Matsumura Kazunari , Seino Hidetake , Yoshikawa Isao , Mizobe Yasushi , Araki Koji 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe have developed a novel triphenylmethane‐based hexanuclear zinc complex that exhibits peculiar photochemical and photophysical properties. Upon UV irradiation, the compound turned from colorless to reddish purple, while the color of emission turned from blue to red. The color change was attributed to an oxidation of the ligand part. It was suggested that an intramolecular energy‐transfer mechanism operates to give rise to the red emission. The UV treatment of a single crystal results in simultaneous emission of orthogonally polarized blue and red light. This color switching, namely linear dichroic emission was so distinct that one can recognize with by sight through optical microscope. The columnar arrangement of molecules in the crystal clearly accounts for the observed polarization of the emission.
ChemInform Abstract: Ca9Lu (PO4)7:Eu2+,Mn2+: A Potential Single‐Phased White‐Light‐Emitting Phosphor Suitable for White‐Emitting Diodes.
Authors: Guo Ning , Huang Yeju , You Hongpeng , Yang Mei , Song Yanhua , Liu Kai , Zheng Yuhua 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe novel title phosphor is prepared by solid‐state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of CaCO3, Lu2O3, NH4H2PO4 and Eu2O3 and MnCO3 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Double Carbon Coating of LiFePO4 as High Rate Electrode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries.
Authors: Oh Sung Woo , Myung Seung‐Taek , Oh Seung‐Min , Oh Kyu Hwan , Amine Khalil , Scrosati Bruno , Sun Yang‐Kook 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMicrometer‐size LiFePO4 spheres with homogeneous double carbon coating layers are prepared as potential electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoporous LiFePO4/C Nanocomposite Cathode Materials for High Power Lithium Ion Batteries with Superior Performance.
Authors: Wang Guoxiu , Liu Hao , Liu Jian , Qiao Shizhang , Lu Gaoqing Max , Munroe Paul , Ahn Hyojun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHexagonally ordered mesoporous LiFePO4/C nanocomposites, in which LiFePO4 nanoparticles are embedded in conductive and interconnected carbon networks are synthesized from aqueous solutions of LiOAc, Fe(OAc)2, and NH4H2PO4 in the presence of mesoporous carbons as templates (Ar, 350 °C) followed by sintering at 700 °C for 10 h in a H2/Ar gas mixture.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure, Optical, and Catalytic Properties of Novel Hexagonal Metastable h‐MoO3 Nano‐ and Microrods Synthesized with Modified Liquid‐Phase Processes.
Authors: Wang Hanfu , et al. et al. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe title nano‐ and microrods are synthesized by addition of HNO3 (nanorods) or H2SO4 (microrods) to solutions of (NH4)6Mo7O24 followed by supersonication for 50 min or heating at 60—100 °C for 20 min.
ChemInform Abstract: Gadolinium—Europium Carbonate Particles: Controlled Precipitation for Luminescent Biolabeling.
Authors: Lechevallier Severine , Lecante Pierre , Mauricot Robert , Dexpert Herve , Dexpert‐Ghys Jeannette , Kong Hoi‐Kuan , Law Ga‐Lai , Wong Ka‐Leung 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe formation of the title particles by urea‐assisted precipitation from nitrate precursors in water at temperatures above 60 °C is monitored by TEM, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, and IR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlling Transformations in the Assembly of Polyoxometalate Clusters: {Mo11V7}, {Mo17V8} and {Mo72V30}.
Authors: Miras Haralampos N. , Ochoa M. Nieves Corella , Long De‐Liang , Cronin Leroy 
Published: January 2011

Abstract(NH4)10 [Mo11VV5VIV2 O52(SO3) (Mo6VVO22)]·14H2O (I) is synthesized by reaction of (NH4)6Mo7O24, NH4VO3, and (NH4)2SO3 in aqueous HCl solution (pH 2—4, 25 °C, 7 d, 56% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Iron(III)‐Based Phosphates: Na4NiFe(PO4)3 and Na2Ni2Fe(PO4)3.
Authors: Essehli Rachid , El Bali Brahim , Benmokhtar Said , Bouziane Khalid , Manoun Bouchaib , Abdalslam Mouner Ahmed , Ehrenberg Helmut 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCrystals of Na4NiFe(PO4)3 (I) and Na2Ni2Fe(PO4)3 (II) are prepared from appropriate mixtures of Fe(NO3)3, Ni(NO3)2, (NH4)2HPO4, Na2CO3, and MoO3 (Pt crucible, 1150 °C, 15 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Direct Henry Reaction of Ynals: Short Syntheses of (2S,3R)‐(+)‐Xestoaminol C and (‐)‐Codonopsinines.
Authors: Uraguchi Daisuke , Nakamura Shinji , Ooi Takashi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe first efficient, highly anti‐diastereo‐ and enantioselective direct nitro‐aldol reaction of ynals (II), (XII) with simple nitroalkanes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: α,α′‐Dihydroxyketone Formation Using Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Aldehydes with Evolved Transketolase Enzymes.
Authors: Galman James L. , Steadman David , Bacon Sarah , Morris Phattaraporn , Smith Mark E. B. , Ward John M. , Dalby Paul A. , Hailes Helen C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSeveral transketolase mutants, e.g. F434A, are tested as biocatalyst in the reaction of aldehydes with hydroxypyruvate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Heck‐Type Reactions of Alkyl Iodides.
Authors: Bloome Kayla S. , Alexanian Erik J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed Heck‐type carbonylative cyclization is achieved for a variety of tethered alkenyl iodides to give cyclic enones in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Separation Catalyst System: Direct Diastereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Catalyzed by an Air‐Stable Lewis Acid/Basic Bifunctional Organobismuth Complex in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Qiu Renhua , Qiu Yimiao , Yin Shuangfeng , Song Xingxing , Meng Zhengong , Xu Xinhua , Zhang Xiaowen , Luo Shenglian , Au Chak‐Tong , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe catalytic process is based on a facile separation approach and furnishes α,β‐ unsaturated ketones through cross‐condensation of aldehydes and ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Unprotected β‐Enamine Esters.
Authors: Hou Guohua , Li Wei , Ma Miaofeng , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhang Xumu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHighly enantioselective hydrogenation of aromatic N‐unprotected β‐enamino esters is achieved in the presence of a novel Ir—binaphane catalyst to give the corresponding β‐aminocarboxylic esters (II) in up to 97% optical purity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dichlorobis(1,4‐dimesityl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐5‐ylidene)palladium [PdCl2(TMes)2] and Its Application to Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Nakamura Tatsuhito , Ogata Kenichi , Fukuzawa Shin‐ichi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNovel catalyst containing an abnormal NHC ligand shows high activity in the Suzuki—Miyaura as well as Mizoroki—Heck reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Hypobromous Acid to 1‐Phenylcycloalkenes.
Authors: Ceylan M. , Findik E. , Sahin E. , Kazaz C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAddition of HOBr, generated in situ by hydrolysis of NBS in DMSO to the title compounds, affords the corresponding 3‐bromo‐2‐phenylcycloalkens as major products.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Formyl‐1,4,5,8‐tetramethoxynaphthalene.
Authors: Wang Rubing , Zheng Xiaogang , Zhou Wen , Peng Ying , Zhu Mengyuan , Li Shaoshun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn improved synthesis of title compound (VIII), a key intermediate in the preparation of shikonin, is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkable [3 + 2] Annulations of Electron‐Rich Olefins with Unstabilized Azomethine Ylides.
Authors: Davoren Jennifer E. , Gray David L. , Harris Anthony R. , Nason Deane M. , Xu Wenjian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn unstabilized azomethine ylide, generated in situ from trimethylamine N‐oxide, undergoes 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with electron‐rich olefins to give cis N‐methylpyrrolidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: InCl3‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction: A Novel Synthesis of Dihydropyrano[3,2‐b]chromenediones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Reddy B. V. Subba , Reddy M. Ramana , Narasimhulu G. , Yadav J. S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe method renders possible an easy access to kojic acid derivatives in good yields within a short reaction time.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Zwitterionic Salts via Three‐Component Reactions of Pyridacylpyridinium Iodide, Aromatic Aldehydes, and Meldrum Acid or N,N‐Dimethylbarbituric Acid.
Authors: Han Ying , Chen Jiao , Hui Li , Yan Chao‐Guo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe multicomponent reaction is performed with 2‐, 3‐, or 4‐pyridacyl iodides (I), (V), or (VIII) using Et3N as promoter (29 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Intramolecular Aromatic C—H Alkenylation of Arenes with Nonactivated Ketones: Synthesis of 4‐Alkylene Quinolin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Wang Yeming , Li Wei‐Qi , Che Guangbo , Bi Xihe , Liao Peiqiu , Zhang Qian , Liu Qun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe title reaction affords potential antiviral 4‐alkylene quinolinones (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Catalysis with Metal and Secondary Amine: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Quinolines via Addition/Cycloisomerization Cascade.
Authors: Patil Nitin T. , Raut Vivek S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe CuI/pyrrolidine‐catalyzed reaction of 2‐aminobenzaldehydes with terminal alkynes allows an efficient access to various 2‐substituted quinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Addition Reactions at C‐2 of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidinones. Synthesis and Evaluation of Multifunctionalized Tetrahydropyrimidines.
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Arora Divya , Balzarini Jan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMultifunctional tetrahydropyrimidines are prepared from Biginelli 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐(1H)‐thiones via desulfuration followed by addition of C‐nucleophiles to C2, activated by simultaneous N‐carboxylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Syntheses of Trisubstituted Olefins via Platinum Catalysis: α‐Silylenones with Geometrical Complementarity.
Authors: Rooke Douglas A. , Ferreira Eric M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTwo complementary methods are developed to prepare α‐(Z)‐ and α‐(E)‐silylenones via alkyne activation of α‐hydroxypropargylsilanes and hydrosilylation of the ynones, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethyl 2‐Cyano‐2‐(hydroxyimino)acetate (Oxyma): An Efficient and Convenient Additive Used with Tetramethylfluoroformamidinium Hexafluorophosphate (TFFH) to Replace 1‐Hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and 1‐Hydroxy‐7‐azabenzotriazole (HOAt) During Peptide Synthesis.
Authors: Khattab Sherine N. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHigh coupling yields and a racemization depression are observed using a combination of Oxyma and TFFH in solution‐ and solid‐phase peptide synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: First Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Revision of Okaramine M.
Authors: Iizuka Toshimasa , Takiguchi Satoshi , Kumakura Yuh‐suke , Tsukioka Naoki , Higuchi Kazuhiro , Kawasaki Tomomi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTotal synthesis of the proposed structure (I) reveals significant differences between the natural and the synthetic material.