bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing a Well-structured and Robust Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan utilizing Innovative Communication Techniques
Authors: Hirst Robert , Rascher Jeanette , Chetty Rochelle 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
As the country's largest-ever industrial investment project, it is essential for Yemen LNG Company (hereinafter referred to as the Company) to raise awareness of the Project activities among affected communities, and to define and manage stakeholder expectations. This paper describes the formation and implementation of the Company's innovative Public Consultation and Disclosure Plan (PCDP).
Implementing the PCDP is a continuous process to ensure ongoing consultation and engagement between the Company, the communities, Government, NGOs and the media. This has included the development of; a field-based community relations team, project awareness campaigns (school visits and village open houses), high-level open houses, press conferences, community newsletters and the formation of a grievance mechanism to ensure that all grievances are recognized, recorded and followed-up. The paper therefore has transverse application to similar large energy projects in developing countries which have poor indigenous educational and awareness standards.
The Company developed the PCDP to guide and outline the consultation and stakeholder activities from the Project's pre- construction phase through to the operations and decommissioning phases. When formulating this PCDP, the specific circumstances in Yemen, associated challenges and the tribal-cultural environment had to be carefully considered. A consultative public participation process creates trust and builds relationships. Consulting with the communities plays a critical role in raising awareness of a project's impact and developing long-term stable relationships with those affected by the project, particularly the marginalized and vulnerable groups.
Throughout the Project, a great deal of experience, research and information about the affected communities, their level of comprehension of the project and the social and cultural structures which govern behaviour and access to information have been gathered. This paper shows how the implementation of a well-informed, culturally relevant plan can effectively be used to manage, engage, inform and gather feedback from stakeholders in a collaborative manner and it evaluates how the challenges were addressed. The communication strategies, tools and lessons learned were significant, and they provide excellent examples to other projects of effective communication techniques which, when adapted to specific cultural circumstances, can be appropriately used in any large energy development project.
Developing and Implementing an Innovative Biodiversity Management Strategy for a Large Energy Project at Balhaf, Yemen
Authors: Hirst Robert , Al-Thary Ibrahim , Abdul-Aziz Malek 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper describes the implementation of an innovative biodiversity management strategy in a difficult context. The paper has transverse application to similar large energy projects in third word countries where construction might impact sensitive ecosystems. The Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) was developed in line with international standards and also to empathise with the objectives of the draft Yemeni biodiversity strategy and action plan. In addition, the company carried out biodiversity baseline survey, environmental and social impact assessment studies which translated into two World Bank compliant environmental and social management plans (ESMP) for the construction and operation phase of the project. The BAP describes the biodiversity status of Balhaf and the surrounding coastal area, setting targets for ecological conservation and outlining the mechanisms for achieving these targets, in addition to developing dynamic indicators, which will help to identify any beneficial effects. The BAP also contributes to the conservation of Yemeni biodiversity beyond the affected area. Furthermore, it deals with biodiversity and related socioeconomic aspects which will be implemented during construction, and longer term protection of biodiversity during the operation phase, in addition to promoting scientific development research and capacity building. Following pre-construction surveys, the little known coastline was discovered to be rich in very sensitive and diverse corals which play an important habitat role, contributing to the local artisanal fisheries, and a prime resource in this impoverished region. Nevertheless, Yemen lacks any specific legislation relating to biodiversity preservation, which would mandate significant new projects to develop a specific biodiversity management strategy. However, due to the ecological sensitivity of the site, Yemen LNG decided to voluntarily put in place a biodiversity action plan which is directed towards the conservation and sustainable development of biodiversity and the economic livelihood of local fisheries
Yemen LNG Approach to Cultural Heritage Preservation, Preserving the Past while Building the Future
Authors: Hirst Robert , Sinnah Mohammed H. , Al-Thary Ibrahim 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper describes Yemen LNG approach to the preservation of cultural heritage during constructing of its project, which comprises a LNG plant and a 320km pipeline, both of which are located in one of the richest archaeological areas in a Country with a rare and deep cultural history, thus presenting a great challenge to control the impact of the project activities on cultural heritage. The Yemen LNG project and its locus are described in the paper noting that the Yemen LNG project is the largest industrial investment project ever implemented in Yemen. This paper also gives a short background describing the archaeological landscape of Yemen in general and the archaeological landscape of the project area. The paper then discusses the innovative cultural heritage preservation strategy and management plans which Yemen LNG has adopted to mitigate impacts to cultural heritage. The strategy is based on three principles: knowing archaeology, preserving it and monitoring cultural heritage during construction. Knowledge of cultural heritage is the starting point and the archaeological baseline surveys and studies highlight the sites in the plant and along the pipeline route. These surveys were followed by a comprehensive archaeological documentation covering all the archaeological sites in the project areas. Second is elimination or mitigation of potential impact on cultural heritage, a good example of this effort is that the pipeline was rerouted at several points to avoid damage to archaeological sites, equally, at the plant site at Balhaf, the plant layout was re-designed to preserve key sites (including a historic Cemetery) located inside the plant. To ensure that impacts are mitigated to ALARP, the third level of action is to ensure avoidance of direct or indirect damage to the archaeological sites, by conducting daily monitoring, additionally a team of archaeologists worked ahead of construction to monitor sensitive sites and to ensure that appropriate protection measures were taken before construction began. The paper shares lessons learned from 4 years of managing sensitive archaeological sites and it proposes learning points for future large energy projects which face challenges in sensitive cultural heritage environments. This subject is vitally important in a context where the expectations of stakeholders are that energy Companies should be sensitive to cultural heritage and should respect important archaeological sites.
Driving an Organization From Fulfilling a Plan to Performance Orientations - What Gets Measured Gets Done
Authors: Peball Ulrich 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

HSE Culture and performance:
This paper demonstrates how the HSE culture of a national affiliate of a large multi-national oil corporation, which was initially very much focused on reporting achievement of figures and not actual progress, was driven to achieve Strategic HSE Objectives by application of the measurement and reporting of meaningful and achievable objectives.

Setting the Strategy and Objectives:
A HSE strategy for the multi national group based on an E&P vision was developed by the corporate group for a 5 year rolling period taking into consideration key external drivers for the E&P business. A gap analysis against best industry practices and a defined corporate peer group verified the focus on key issues. For key benchmarks KPI's, targets and key accountabilities were defined.
Monitoring of Human and Organizational Factors Influencing the Risk of Major Accidents
Authors: Sklet Snorre , Ringstad Arne Jarl , Steen Sunniva Anette , Tronstad Lars , Haugen Stein , Seljelid Jorunn , Kongsvik Trond , Wærø Irene 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to present and discuss the OTS-method. OTS is a proactive method for monitoring the status of operational safety barriers influencing the risk of major accidents on oil and/or gas handling offshore and onshore facilities.
An OTS-verification is a systematic and independent assessment of the status of the operational safety barriers. OTS reveals non-compliance with requirements and best practice within different relevant levels in an organization and is suitable as a basis for the development of risk reducing measures. The OTS-method comprises 7 performance standards for the following operational safety barriers; 1) Work practice, 2) Competence, 3) Procedures and documentation, 4) Communication, 5) Workload and physical working environment, 6) Management, and 7) Management of change. Each performance standard comprises a set of performance requirements and associated examination check points.
A range of different methods and data are used to assess and grade the compliance with the requirements, including questionnaires, interviews, document reviews, field observations and analyses of existing HSE-data.
OTS is a proactive improvement tool and provides basis for proposal, decision and implementation of risk reducing measures. Further, OTS provides transfer of experience between facilities and the development of best practice. OTS supports organizational learning, potentially on a double loop level.
The Approach to Sustainability and the Promotion of Local Content
Authors: Bersani Raffaella , Stampa Marco , De Sanctis Sabatino 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
As international oil & gas contractor with more than 37,000 employees working in more than 50 countries, Saipem plays a significant role in its market and in the economic welfare and development of the communities in which it operates. Saipem commitment is therefore to create long term value by working with its stakeholders towards shared goals.
Given the range and the complexity of Saipem activities, the engagement with local stakeholders requires a comprehensive approach. However, the diversity of the projects and the specificity of the countries and context in which they are performed demand a distinctively local approach to sustainability. Saipem decentralized organisation helps to respond to local needs and sustainability issues.
In fact, everywhere it works, Saipem has an active role in the local communities, mainly offering employment opportunities, personnel training, by working effectively with local suppliers and subcontractors, creating economic and social value, and finally to contribute to infrastructure construction. Maximising Local Content is one of the main features of Saipem business approach. Saipem people are from 115 nationalities and 85% of them are locally employed. Besides, among all managers, 79% are locals.
Considering the business of Saipem, its activities are usually conducted in a short period of time (from few months to few years), while, in certain areas, Saipem has set up its presence with a long term perspective installing operational bases and fabrication yards. Therefore its approach to Sustainability and the promotion of Local Content depends on the type and period of presence in one area.
In countries with a long term presence such as Nigeria, Peru and Kazakhstan, Saipem has already implemented a strategy to promote and implement Local Content in term of employing local people, training and transferring know-how both also promoting the local entrepreneurship. The same approach, considering the specificity of a country, is now applied in new countries where Saipem has more recenltly started its activities, such as Brazil.
A Study of Working Pattern and Fatigue in One Oil and Gas Company in Indonesia
Authors: Safitri D. , Rusdiana A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Most people do not consider fatigue as problem as it is known as general complaint from workers' population, even though there was proven existence of fatigue as one of root cause of many major incidents and its relation with health problem Muscoloskeletal Disorders. It is reported that almost 20% of the worker's population reporting fatigue symptom.
Fatigue is described in many ways and definition based on background science, relation with work, measurement method and contributing factor. In Indonesia, there is still limited study and research on fatigue, especially study on relation between work pattern and fatigue.
As one of oil and gas company in Indonesia, the company implements working pattern which complies with national regulation on working hour in order to achieve 24 hours working operation. There are 2 common types of working pattern used in company's sites i.e. 2 weeks on – 2 weeks off and 2 weeks on – 1 week off.
The purposes of this research are in order to know fatigue condition of employees who work at the one of oil and gas company in East Kalimantan and the relation between fatigue and working pattern, age, working tenure, working type, working hour for taking necessary and mitigating actions.
The research design is cross sectional and fatigue measurement using two methods i.e. Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) questionnaire and reaction timer. Samples are taken from worker population in one of company's site.
The result showed that prevalence of worker with fatigue is varying from 33% up to 88%. In this research, working pattern does not have relation with fatigue while working hour has relation with fatigue. Multivariate analysis showed that working type, age and working hour are dominant factors which are contributing to fatigue.
Establish procedure on work pattern, optimize rest and break time, working time arrangement, working environment management, fitness and sport program and annual medical program are mitigation programs for fatigue management on site. The research has benefit in giving contribution for fatigue research in Indonesia, defines necessary action to improve employee health and welfare and prevent the incident which is caused by improper working schedule.
Succeeding in a Conflict Zone: Delivering Economic and Social Opportunity
Authors: Orsini Yadaira , Mejia Juan Carlos , Jimenez Mariana , Ucros Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Occidental de Colombia, Inc. (Oxy) has become a catalyst of positive change in the Arauca province, where it operates, by building partnerships to strengthen human rights, investing in social programs to drive self-sufficiency and generate economic impact, and raising legal standards for sustainability. Despite a complex security context, Oxy's comprehensive approach has contributed significantly to the region's more favorable economic and social outlook.
CCGS Opportunities in the Santos Basin Pre-Salt Development
Authors: de Almeida Alberto Sampaio , de Tarso Cerqueira Lima Saulo , Rocha Paulo Sergio , de Andrade Ana Maria , Branco Celso C. , Pinto Antônio C. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
This paper describes the current studies to define alternatives for the geological storage of the CO2 present in the associated gas to be produced from the Pre-salt reservoirs of the Santos Basin, Brazil.
Recent hydrocarbon discoveries in Santos Basin, offshore Brazil, in the so-called pre-salt reservoirs, brought many challenges for the production development (Beltrao et al., 2009). The reservoirs are heterogeneous microbialite carbonates, located below up to 2,000 m salt layer thickness, in water depths of 2,200 m. The oil is a 28 – 30°API, with GOR higher than 200 m3/m3. Besides the unique environment, one additional challenge is the variable CO2 content in the associated gas.
The sustainable hydrocarbon production from the pre-salt reservoirs will, then, require, in line with Petrobras and its partners' vision, avoiding emissions of the CO2 produced together with the hydrocarbon. The task that would be difficult for onshore oil fields reaches unparalleled complexity in the subsea completion deep water production scenario. Some alternatives are under study for the CO2 capture and storage: reinjection in the producing reservoirs, in salt caves, in salt water aquifers, in depleted gas reservoirs and even transportation and use of the CO2 for industrial purposes.
Although still in the early stages of development, work done so far paved the way for robust and sustainable gas processing and CO2 separation, compression and reinjection in secure sub surface geological horizons. The current analysis indicate that the best alternative seems to be the reinjection in the oil producing reservoirs, with a good perspective of enhanced oil recovery by the association of gas and water injection in the Water Alternating Gas (WAG) process.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Defining Boundaries and Managing of Wetlands in Oil and Gas Projects
Authors: Obele Juan Raúl 
Published: July 2010

Abstract.
This work's scope was to do EIA of oil projects in Tabasco, northern Chiapas and the south of Veracruz, Mexico, by means of the identification, boundary definition and classification of wetlands. Different protection and conservation measures were established in order to mitigate and compensate the possible impacts of the oil activity in the region.

The application
goes towards the environmental management of the projects of exploration and oil production to realise in zones with wetlands, with a robust environmental impact assessment supported in a systemic characterization of the areas using botanical, ecological and hydrologic and criteria.
Using updated satellite imageries and orthophotos, which were verified with GPS, an inventory of wetlands was obtained, getting the specific final cartography delimited wetlands into the following kinds: Mangrove swamps, Hydrophytic vegetation, Transition zone and Flooding pastures. These criteria supported the assessment of beneficial and adverse impacts and the determination of the prevention, mitigation and/or compensation measures for each type of wetland.

Observations.
This modality of environmental impact assessment, allowed to get the authorizations in this subject for the projects of oil & gas exploration and production from the regulatory dependency that administers the country's environmental aspects
Once the environmental authorization was obtained, it was implemented an accredited environmental overseer, represented by a degree granting institution, that has been worth and gives control to the development of Works, a work team that interacts with environmental overseer for the correct planning and execution of the works.

Conclusions.
The knowledge and classification of the wetlands ecosystems allows to establish specific strategies of managing, the conservation of the more sensible wetlands ecosystems such as mangrove swamp and the protection of wetlands in which oil extraction occurs, thus like an assessment and effective management of the environmental impact of oil projects.

Contribution.
The boundary of wetlands for EIA is an initiative without precedents in Mexico and the criteria of wetlands managing established in this study, could be applied for similar ecosystems around the world, preserving biodiversity and factor against the climate change.
HSE Leadership – One Company's Process Safety Journey
Authors: Flynn Steven A. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
A major change effort affecting all sectors of the BP group was initiated following the Texas City Refinery fire and explosion in 2005. This paper provides an overview of the programmes and the changes made from a leadership perspective. Key components:
Immediate risk reduction measures – to eliminate, mitigate and manage risks Management system improvements – to provide a framework for change People – major capability building programmes, focused on operations leadership and process safety knowledge Assessment and performance monitoring – including monitoring of leading and lagging indicators, and audit programme Leadership and management oversight
The progress is illustrated by lessons and examples from the E&P sector that can be used by others pursuing major changes.
Assessing Safety Culture with the Help of an Innovative Dedicated Interpretation Tool
Authors: Blanc Philippe , Montaudoin Thomas , Lafaille Alain , Boissières Ivan , Simard Marcel 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Significant safety performance improvement in high risk industry cannot be reached unless human and organizational factors are taken into account; this is a compulsory element of the successful implementation of a safety management system. Most of the time this is achieved through the assessment of a level or type of safety culture, performed through safety perception surveys, possibly completed by focus groups interviews. Generally such programs require specific expertise and sociological skills, most of which being external to the company.
In order to ease such a process, TOTAL SA has developed a global safety culture assessment toolkit. The key element of this toolkit is an innovative computerized system to process and help the interpretation of data steming from safety culture perception surveys. User-friendliness of the software allows automatic delivery of indices and charts which enable to rapidly diagnose the key elements of safety culture in terms of strengths and weaknesses, and organized along a pattern of themes such as: Risk perception, Safety culture type beliefs, Organization and work context, Management leadership, Technical safety management, Behavioural safety management, Employees' behaviors, Employees' involvement, Employees' compliance, Work team / peers influence, and Ergonomics / Engineering. Additional Health and Environment themes lead to a SHE culture assessment.
New 2-D diagrams are included, yielding safety culture signatures whick make it possible to undertake benchmarking between different organizations (companies, units, activities, sites, etc.). A statistical module is also proposed to measure consistency level of the responses.
This new tool has been successfully applied in different entities of TOTAL group, either Exploration & Production affiliates or Refineries. Typical results are shown in this paper. In case additional interviews are deemed necessary to clarify some results, then the tool allows rapid and easy identification of the focus groups of people to be considered, as well as the topics to be preferentially discussed. The tool can be customized to any organization, safety culture model, questionnaire, themes, respondents' criteria, responses scales, etc. It is part of a global SHE management tools chain to reduce uncertainty in risk management.