bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations of Tidally Induced Currents over the Continental Slope of the Laptev Sea, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Pnyushkov A. V. , Polyakov I. V. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Two year-long (2004–05 and 2005–06) records of currents from two moorings deployed at the continental slope of the Laptev Sea (78°26′N, 125°40′E) are used in order to define the properties of tidal currents in the upper ~200-m ocean layer. Harmonic and spectral analyses of currents showed that the semidiurnal tidal constituent S2 dominates over the semidiurnal M2 and diurnal constituents. This dominance of the S2 constituent in the tidal currents is due to resonant interaction of the superinertial wave with sloping bottom topography. In contrast to the tidal currents, sea level changes are dominated by the M2 constituent, as seen from a tidal model by L. Padman and S. Erofeeva, using assimilation of observational data. Strong anticorrelation (−0.73 ± 0.05) was found between the upper 50-m S2 current amplitudes and local sea ice concentration, with fourfold (from ~2.0 to 8.5 cm s−1) amplification of tidal currents under ice-free conditions. This is probably due to a change of local resonance conditions for the S2 tidal current. These findings may be important for understanding the increasing role of tides in a seasonally ice-free Arctic Ocean.
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new 1,4-dihydro-4-pyrazolylpyridines and 4-pyrazolylpyridines
Authors: Prakash Om , Hussain Khalid , Kumar Ravi , Wadhwa Deepak , Sharma Chetan , Aneja Kamal R 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Background
Dialkyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates (1,4-DHP) have now been recognized as vital drugs. Some of these derivatives such as amlodipine, felodipine, isradipine, etc. have been commercialized. In view of wide range of biological properties associated with 1,4-DHP and owing to the biological importance of the oxidation step of 1,4-DHP, we carried out the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-aryl-1-phenyl-4-pyrazolyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates (2a-g) and diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-aryl-1-phenyl-4-pyrazolyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates (3a-g).

Results
Synthesis of a series of new diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-aryl-1-phenyl-4-pyrazolyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates (2a-g) has been accomplished by multicomponent cyclocondensation reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, 3-aryl-1-phenyl pyrazole-4-carboxaldehyde (1a-g) and ammonium acetate. The dihydropyridines 2a-g were smoothly converted to new diethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-aryl-1-phenyl-4-pyrazolyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates (3a-g) using HTIB ([Hydroxy (tosyloxy)iodo]benzene, Koser's reagent) as the oxidizing agent. The antimicrobial studies of the title compounds, 2a-g & 3a-g, are also described.
Novel Loss-of-Function PCSK9 Variant Is Associated with Low Plasma LDL Cholesterol in a French-Canadian Family and with Impaired Processing and Secretion in Cell Culture
Authors: Mayne Janice , Dewpura Thilina , Raymond Angela , Bernier Lise , Cousins Marion , Ooi Teik Chye , Davignon Jean , Seidah Nabil G , Mbikay Majambu , Chrétien Michel 
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND
PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) is a polymorphic gene whose protein product regulates plasma LDL cholesterol (LDLC) concentrations by shuttling liver LDL receptors (LDLRs) for degradation. PCSK9 variants that cause a gain or loss of PCSK9 function are associated with hyper- or hypocholesterolemia, which increases or reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, respectively. We studied the clinical and molecular characteristics of a novel PCSK9 loss-of-function sequence variant in a white French-Canadian family.

METHODS
In vivo plasma and ex vivo secreted PCSK9 concentrations were measured with a commercial ELISA. We sequenced the PCSK9 exons for 15 members of a family, the proband of which exhibited very low plasma PCSK9 and LDLC concentrations. We then conducted a structure/function analysis of the novel PCSK9 variant in cell culture to identify its phenotypic basis.

RESULTS
We identified a PCSK9 sequence variant in the French-Canadian family that produced the PCSK9 Q152H substitution. Family members carrying this variant had mean decreases in circulating PCSK9 and LDLC concentrations of 79% and 48%, respectively, compared with unrelated noncarriers (n=210). In cell culture, the proPCSK9-Q152H variant did not undergo efficient autocatalytic cleavage and was not secreted. Cells transiently transfected with PCSK9-Q152H cDNA had LDLR concentrations that were significantly higher than those of cells overproducing wild-type PCSK9 (PCSK9-WT). Cotransfection of PCSK9-Q152H and PCSK9-WT cDNAs produced a 78% decrease in the secreted PCSK9-WT protein compared with control cells.

CONCLUSIONS
Collectively, our results demonstrate that the PCSK9-Q152H variant markedly lowers plasma PCSK9 and LDLC concentrations in heterozygous carriers via decreased autocatalytic processing and secretion, and hence, inactivity on the LDLR.
Improved lentiviral gene transfer into human embryonic stem cells grown in co-culture with murine feeder and stroma cells
Authors: Wurm Melanie , Groß Benjamin , Sgodda Malte , Ständker Ludger , Müller Thomas , Forssmann Wolf-Georg , Horn Peter A. , Blasczyk Rainer , Cantz Tobias 
Published: August 2011

AbstractGenetic modification of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) using biophysical DNA transfection methods are hampered by the very low single cell survival rate and cloning efficiency of hESCs. Lentiviral gene transfer strategies are widely used to genetically modify hESCs but limited transduction efficiencies in the presence of feeder or stroma cells present problems, particularly if vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) pseudotyped viral particles are applied. Here, we investigated whether the recently described semen derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI) and alternative viral envelope proteins derived from either Gibbon ape leukaemia virus (GALV) or feline leukaemia virus (RD114) are applicable for transducing hESCs during co-culture with feeder or stroma cells. Our first set of experiments demonstrates that SEVI has no toxic effect on murine or hESCs and that exposure to SEVI does not interfere with the pluripotency-associated phenotype. Focusing on hESCs, we were able to further demonstrate that SEVI increases the transduction efficiencies of GALV and RD114 pseudotyped lentiviral vectors. More importantly, aiming at targeted differentiation of hESCs into functional somatic cell types, GALV pseudotyped lentiviral particles could efficiently and exclusively transduce hESCs grown in co-culture with OP9-GFP stroma cells (which were often used to induce differentiation into haematopoietic derivatives).
Development of novel positron emitters for medical applications: nuclear and radiochemical aspects
Authors: Qaim Syed M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn molecular imaging, the importance of novel longer lived positron emitters, also termed as non-standard or innovative PET radionuclides, has been constantly increasing, especially because they allow studies on slow metabolic processes and in some cases furnish the possibility of quantification of radiation dose in internal radiotherapy. Considerable efforts have been invested worldwide and about 25 positron emitters have been developed. Those efforts relate to interdisciplinary studies dealing with basic nuclear data, high current charged particle irradiation, efficient radiochemical separation and quality control of the desired radionuclide, and recovery of the enriched target material for reuse. In this review all those aspects are briefly discussed, with particular reference to three radionuclides, namely64Cu,124I and86Y, which are presently in great demand. For each radionuclide several nuclear routes were investigated but the (p,n) reaction on an enriched target isotope was found to be the best for use at a small-sized cyclotron. Some other positron emitting radionuclides, such as55Co,76Br,89Zr,82mRb,94mTc,120I,etc., were also producedviathe low-energy (p,n), (p,α) or (d,n) reaction. On the other hand, the production of radionuclides52Fe,73Se,83Sr,etc.using intermediate energy (p,xn) or (d,xn) reactions needs special consideration, the nuclear data and chemical processing methods being of key importance. In a few special cases, a high intensity3He- orα-particle beam could be an added advantage. The production of some potentially interesting positron emittersviagenerator systems, for example44Ti/44Sc,72Se/72As and140N d/140Pr is considered. The significance of new generation high power accelerators is briefly discussed.
Hybrid Valence Bands in Strained-Layer Heterostructures grown on Relaxed SiGe Virtual Substrates
Authors: Lee Minjoo L. , Fitzgerald Eugene A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe use of alternative channel materials such as germanium [1,2] and strained silicon (ε-Si) [3-5] is increasingly being considered as a method for improving the performance of MOSFETs. While ε-Si grown on relaxed Si1-xGex is drawing closer to widespread commercialization, it is currently believed that almost all of the performance benefit in CMOS implementations will derive from the enhanced mobility of the n-MOSFET [5]. In this paper, we demonstrate that ε-Si p-MOSFETs can be engineered to exhibit mobility enhancements that increase or remain constant as a function of inversion density. We have also designed and fabricated ε-Si / ε-Ge dual-channel p-MOSFETs exhibiting mobility enhancements of 10 times. These p-MOSFETs can be integrated on the same wafers as ε-Si n-MOSFETs, making symmetric-mobility CMOS possible.
Anisotropic Delamination Energy of Bonded Rippled Silicon Surfaces Created by Ar+ Bombardment
Authors: Liu Z.X. , Cheung N.W. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe surface topography of Si(100) modified by low energy Ar+ bombardment was characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). AFM images show that ripples can be formed by 500eV Ar+ at incidence angle 40°. The spacing wavelength of ripples is around 70nm with wave vector parallel to the projected direction of ion beam. Direct bonding and mechanical delamination of Si wafer pairs with ripples are investigated. Delamination energy measured by crack-opening method along the direction perpendicular to the wave vector,γ⊥, is always smaller than that along the wave vector direction,γ„; Both γ⊥ and γ„ are found to decrease with sputtering time. The AFM images after delamination indicate that the bonding and delamination process do not eliminate the ripples on the wafer surface.
Development of microsatellite loci for Cephalotaxus oliveri (Cephalotaxaceae) and cross‐amplification in Cephalotaxus
Authors: Pan Hua‐Wei , Guo Ying‐Rong , Su Ying‐Juan , Wang Ting 
Published: August 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite loci were developed for Cephalotaxus oliveri, an endemic and endangered conifer in China, which will allow assessment of the levels of genetic diversity and a means to understand the genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation.•Methods and Results: Using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences COntaining (FIASCO) Repeats protocol, 19 microsatellite loci were identified in C. oliveri, 13 of which were polymorphic within a sample of 52 individuals representing five natural populations. The actual number of alleles per locus ranged from one to five. Twelve polymorphic loci were also successfully amplified in C. fortunei.•Conclusions: These microsatellite loci will provide a useful tool for further investigating genetic variation in natural populations of C. oliveri, which will inform future conservation and management strategies. Additionally, cross‐amplification in C. fortunei suggested the potential utility of these loci in this and other congeneric species.
Gabapentin for Postoperative Pain After Photorefractive Keratectomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Lichtinger Alejandro , Purcell Tracy L. , Schanzlin David J. , Chayet Arturo S. 
Published: August 2011

PURPOSE:
To determine whether treatment with oral gabapentin reduces postoperative pain after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

METHODS:
This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comprised 40 patients scheduled for bilateral PRK. Exclusion criteria were previous refractive surgery; diseases that could affect epithelial healing; use of antihistamines, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or steroids; and use of mitomycin C during PRK. Patients were divided into two groups: 20 patients received gabapentin capsules (300 mg) and 20 patients received identical placebo capsules. Visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, and a 12-question, 10-point visual numerical scale questionnaire were evaluated at each postoperative follow-up. Main outcome measures were the severity of pain at each follow-up and during the previous 24 hours. Secondary outcome measures were maximum and minimum severity of pain, healing time, uncorrected distance visual acuity, and the rating of other symptoms and potential side effects.

RESULTS:

The gabapentin group had less pain during the first 72 hours (
P
=.024 to .001). A significant difference in favor of gabapentin was found for the first 48 hours regarding minimum pain severity (
P
=.005 and .01 for 24 and 48 hours, respectively) and for the first 72 hours for maximum pain severity (
P
=.014, .007, and .001 for 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively). No significant differences were observed for side effects, symptoms, or healing time except discomfort in favor of gabapentin during the first 24 hours (
P
=.043).

CONCLUSIONS:
Gabapentin significantly reduced postoperative pain after PRK compared to placebo, with no increase in reported side effects.
IgG Autoantibodies against Deposited C3 Inhibit Macrophage-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Engulfment in Systemic Autoimmunity
Authors: Kenyon Karla D. , Cole Caroline , Crawford Fran , Kappler John W. , Thurman Joshua M. , Bratton Donna L. , Boackle Susan A. , Henson Peter M. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Defective clearance of apoptotic cells has been shown in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is postulated to enhance autoimmune responses by increasing access to intracellular autoantigens. Until now, research has emphasized inherited rather than acquired impairment of apoptotic cell engulfment in the pathogenesis of SLE. In this study, we confirm previous results that efficient removal of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is bolstered in the presence of wild-type mouse serum, through the C3 deposition on the apoptotic cell surface. In contrast, sera from three mouse models of SLE, MerKD, MRLlpr, and New Zealand Black/WF1 did not support and in fact actively inhibited apoptotic cell uptake. IgG autoantibodies were responsible for the inhibition, through the blockade of C3 recognition by macrophages. Consistent with this, IgG removal reversed the inhibitory activity within autoimmune serum, and purified autoimmune IgG blocked both the detection of C3 on apoptotic cells and C3-dependent efferocytosis. Sera from SLE patients demonstrated elevated anti-C3b IgG that blocked detection of C3 on apoptotic cells, activity that was not found in healthy controls or patients with rheumatoid arthritis, nor in mice prior to the onset of autoimmunity. We propose that the suppression of apoptotic cell disposal by Abs against deposited C3 may contribute to increasing severity and/or exacerbations in SLE.
Identification of a Novel Proinflammatory Human Skin-Homing Vγ9Vδ2 T Cell Subset with a Potential Role in Psoriasis
Authors: Laggner Ute , Di Meglio Paola , Perera Gayathri K. , Hundhausen Christian , Lacy Katie E. , Ali Niwa , Smith Catherine H. , Hayday Adrian C. , Nickoloff Brian J. , Nestle Frank O. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
γδ T cells mediate rapid tissue responses in murine skin and participate in cutaneous immune regulation including protection against cancer. The role of human γδ cells in cutaneous homeostasis and pathology is characterized poorly. In this study, we show in vivo evidence that human blood contains a distinct subset of proinflammatory cutaneous lymphocyte Ag and CCR6-positive Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, which is rapidly recruited into perturbed human skin. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells produced an array of proinflammatory mediators including IL-17A and activated keratinocytes in a TNF-α– and IFN-γ–dependent manner. Examination of the common inflammatory skin disease psoriasis revealed a striking reduction of circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in psoriasis patients compared with healthy controls and atopic dermatitis patients. Decreased numbers of circulating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells normalized after successful treatment with psoriasis-targeted therapy. Taken together with the increased presence of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in psoriatic skin, these data indicate redistribution of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from the blood to the skin compartment in psoriasis. In summary, we report a novel human proinflammatory γδ T cell involved in skin immune surveillance with immediate response characteristics and with potential clinical relevance in inflammatory skin disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Yellow‐Emitting Sr8MgLn(PO4)7:Eu2+ (Ln: Y, La) Phosphors for Applications in White LEDs with Excellent Color Rendering Index.
Authors: Huang Chien‐Hao , Chen Teng‐Ming 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe title phosphors are synthesized by solid state reaction of SrCO3, MgO, Y2O3 or La2O3, (NH4)2HPO4, and Eu2O3 (alumina crucible, 15% H2/85% N2, 1573 K, 8 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Conductivity of Heptadecatungstovanadodiphosphoric Heteropoly Acid with Dawson Structure.
Authors: Tong Xia , Zhu Weiming , Wu Qingyin , Qian Xueyu , Liu Zhen , Yan Wenfu , Gong Jian 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe new solid high‐proton conductor H7P2W17VO62·28H2 O is obtained from an aqueous HCl solution of NaVO3 and K10P2W17O61 and characterized by XRD, TG/DTA, IR, UV, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Na8CeSi6O18 and Its Ti‐Doped Analogue Na8Ce0.73Ti0.27Si6O18 with Interesting Photovoltaic Properties.
Authors: Wang Xi , Li Jiyang , Han Yide , Li Yi , Yu Jihong , Xu Ruren 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe title compounds are hydrothermally synthesized using Ce(NO3)3, Si(OEt)4, NaOH, and Ti(OBu)4 as starting materials (autoclave, 503 K, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Characterization of New Mid‐Infrared Transparency Compounds: Centric Ba2BiGaS5 and Acentric Ba2BiInS5.
Authors: Geng Lei , Cheng Wen‐Dan , Lin Chen‐Sheng , Zhang Wei‐Long , Zhang Hao , He Zhang‐Zhen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of BaS, Bi, Ga or In, and sulfur (silica tubes, 973 K and 1223 K, 30 h each).
ChemInform Abstract: New Oxides Showing an Intense Orange Color Based on Fe3+ in Trigonal‐Bipyramidal Coordination.
Authors: Jiang Peng , Li Jun , Sleight Arthur W. , Subramanian M. A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn‐rich YIn1‐xFexO3 (x = 0.0—0.3) phases are prepared by solid state reactions of Fe2O3, In2O3, and Y2O3 (1200 and 1300 °C, 12 h each), and Fe‐rich YIn1‐xFexO3 (x = 0.7—1.0) materials are obtained from aqueous solutions of Y(NO3)3, In(NO3)3, Fe(NO3)3, and citric acid (90 °C for several hours, followed by heating the resulting gel at 250 °C for 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Approach to 2‐Bromoalken‐3‐ols by Regioselective Bromohydroxylation Reaction of Simple Allenes with NBS.
Authors: Kong Wangqing , Guo Binjie , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBromoalkenols are directly obtained with good regioselectivity by reaction of allenes with NBS in a mixture of dioxane and water.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Amination of Allyl Alcohols with Sulfamates: Effective Utilization of Mercuric Catalyst.
Authors: Yamamoto Hirofumi , Ho Elisabeth , Sasaki Ikuo , Mitsutake Mizuho , Takagi Yuichi , Imagawa Hiroshi , Nishizawa Mugio 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMercuric triflate is an efficient catalyst for the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Monoarylation of Aryl Amine with Aryl Tosylates.
Authors: Xie Xiaomin , Ni Gang , Ma Fangfang , Ding Lina , Xu Sheng , Zhang Zhaoguo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPrimary aryl amines (II) are subjected to reactions with aryl tosylates (I) to form the corresponding secondary aryl amines with high selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Tandem Reduction of 2‐(Aroylmethyl)quinolines with Phosphine‐Free Ru‐TsDPEN Catalyst.
Authors: Wang Tianli , Ouyang Guanghui , He Yan‐Mei , Fan Qing‐Hua 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe selective asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of the CO bond of aroylmethylquinolines (I) with good to excellent enantioselectivities is achieved, as well as the tandem asymmetric transfer hydrogenation/asymmetric hydrogenation of quinolines (I) with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity by using the chiral N‐(p‐toluenesulfonyl)diphenylethylenediamine complex as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Ratiometric Detection of Mercury Ions in Water: Accelerated Response Kinetics of Azo Chromophores Having Ethynyl Ligand Tethers.
Authors: Lee Ho Yong , Jo Junyong , Park Hyunsoo , Lee Dongwhan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe new resorcinol‐derived azo dye (I) functions as a ratiometric detector for Hg(II) ions down to a nanomolar level in neutral aqueous solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiinflammatory Diterpene from Thyrsanthera suborbicularis.
Authors: Khiev Piseth , Oh Sei‐Ryang , Chae Hee‐Sung , Kwon Ok‐Kyoung , Ahn Kyung‐Seop , Chin Young‐Won , Lee Hyeong‐Kyu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBioactivity‐guided isolation leads to the identification of the new rosane‐type diterpene (I) which demonstrates significant inhibitory activity on NO production in RAW264.7 LPS‐activated mouse macrophages.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloadditions of 2‐Phenyl‐4‐arylidene‐5(4H)‐oxazolones with Allenoate: A Concise Synthesis of Aspartic Acid Analogues.
Authors: Zou You‐Quan , Li Chao , Rong Jian , Yan Hao , Chen Jia‐Rong , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA new family of aspartic acid derivatives is obtained through cycloaddition reactions of oxazolones (I) with allenoate (II), providing restricted cyclopentanyl aspartic acid analogues (III) and (IV) under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrofuranose Nucleoside Phosphonic Acids: Synthesis and Properties.
Authors: Polakova Ivana , Budesinsky Milos , Tocik Zdenek , Rosenberg Ivan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWith a view to find novel inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase, a variety of novel nucleoside phosphonic acids are prepared, e.g. derivatives (V), (VI), and (VII).
Role of precursors on greening in crushed garlic (Allium sativum) bulbs, and its control with freeze‐dried onion powder
Authors: Cho Jungeun , Lee Eun Jin , Yoo Kil Sun , Lee Seung Koo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Lachrymatory factor (LF) synthase in onion bulbs reacts with S‐1‐propenyl‐L‐cysteine sulfoxide (1‐PeCSO), a key compound in garlic greening. In this study, freeze‐dried onion powder containing LF synthase was used in treatments to control garlic greening. Prior to the use of freeze‐dried onion powder to treat greening garlic bulbs, model reactions were conducted to confirm the reactivity of 1‐PeCSO in onion bulbs to garlic greening.RESULTS: While pink pigments were generated from 1‐PeCSO, green pigments were produced from the combination of 1‐PeCSO and S‐2‐propenyl‐L‐cysteine sulfoxide (2‐PeCSO). However, pigments were formed in the systems containing 1‐PeCSO, amino acid and alliinase. Even non‐greening garlic bulbs stored at 20 °C turned green with the reaction of 200 g L−1 1‐PeCSO; therefore 1‐PeCSO isolated from onion bulbs had the same role as 1‐PeCSO in garlic bulbs in terms of greening. Onion bulbs turned green after the addition of 600 g L−1 2‐PeCSO. The addition of freeze‐dried onion powder inhibited garlic greening, and treatment with 15 g kg−1 onion powder gave the best storage stability of crushed garlic bulbs.CONCLUSION: The addition of freeze‐dried onion powder inhibited the greening in crushed garlic bulbs, and treatment with 15 g kg−1 onion powder gave the best storage stability of crushed garlic bulbs. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry