bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling stocking introgression and natural migration in brown trout: survival success and recruitment failure in populations with semi‐supportive breeding
Authors: WOLLEBÆK JENS , HEGGENES JAN , RØED KNUT H 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. Introgression into natural salmonid populations from stocked conspecifics has been widely studied. Outcomes vary from no effect even after decades of stocking, to population replacement after only a couple of generations. Potential introgression caused by semi‐supportive breeding (i.e. using a mixture of local strains as brood stock) is, however, less well studied.2. We investigated population structure of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a regulated alpine lake with three natural, environmentally contrasting tributaries used as spawning and rearing habitat. Massive semi‐supportive breeding of admixed local strains has been implemented for decades. Stocked trout represented c. 17% of the total lake population, and a substantial post‐release survival reflects a considerable potential for introgression. However, the mark‐recapture studies indicate no spawning runs of stocked fish.3. Using 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci, we found natural straying and non‐native reproduction, especially among wild populations inhabiting environmentally unstable habitat. Retained genetic structure across tributaries indicated low reproductive success of wild‐born non‐natives. Moreover, the genetic structure among tributaries has probably not been influenced by semi‐supportive breeding, because of recruitment failure of stocked trout.
Chemical, physical and mechanical properties of a novel calcium aluminate endodontic cement
Authors: Oliveira I. R. , Pandolfelli V. C. , Jacobovitz M. 
Published: August 2010

Oliveira IR, Pandolfelli VC, Jacobovitz M. Chemical, physical and mechanical properties of a novel calcium aluminate endodontic cement. International Endodontic Journal.AbstractAim  To evaluate the influence of additives on several physical and chemical properties of a novel endodontic cement based on calcium aluminate in comparison with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).Methodology  Manipulation tests, measurements of temperature, pH, ionic conductivity, compressive strength, apparent porosity, and pore size distribution were carried out on Gray‐MTA (Angelus) and calcium aluminate cement (Secar‐71, Kerneos) with and without various additives: a polymeric dispersant, CaCl2 as plasticizer, and ZnO as radiopacifier.Results  The calcium aluminate cement without additives had a setting time of approximately 60 min, and when combined with Li2CO3 it decreased to 10 min. The material also released Ca2+ ions and alkalinized the medium. Moreover, the addition of additives (dispersant, plasticizer, and radiopacifier) improved its properties resulting in a material with a viscosity of 57 mPa s, enhanced handling properties, a mechanical strength of 81 MPa, a porosity of 4% and pores with small diameter (0.25 μm). MTA had no temperature increase (that indicates setting) up to 400 min, a mechanical strength of 34 MPa, and porosity of 28% with pores 2.5 μm in diameter.Conclusion  The novel cement set more rapidly, had better fluidity, improved handling properties, higher mechanical strength, and reduced porosity with lower pore size compared to Gray‐MTA Angelus.
Associations between pituitary–adrenocortical function and abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinaemia and dyslipidaemia in normotensive males
Authors: HAUTANEN A. , RÄIKKÖNEN K. , CREUTZ H. ADLER 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Hautanen A, Räikkönen K, Adlercreutz H. (University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland) Associations between pituitary‐adrenocortical function and abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinaemia and dyslipidaemia in normotensive males. Objectives: To examine the relationships between pituitary‐adrenal cortical (PA) function, abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, and dyslipidaemia. Design: A prospective study. Setting: Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland. Subjects: Seventy‐one healthy males aged 30–55 years. Main outcome measures: Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Basal PA activity was examined by measuring urinary and serum concentrations of hormones, followed by dexamethasone suppression and corticotrophin (ACTH) stimulation tests to determine functional PA activity. Results: The means of waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), body‐mass index (BMI), HDL‐cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and insulin and C‐peptide measurements during the OGTT were significantly different across the tertiles for insulin: glucose ratio. The ratio of 12‐h urinary cortisol excretion to BMI, preceding the OGTT, and the mean basal cortisol level during the OGTT were decreased, while the net increments of cortisol and 17‐hydroxyprogesterone (17‐OHP) from 0 to 60 min, as well as the ratio of net 17‐OHP to 11‐deoxycortisol increments, after ACTH, were elevated in the upper compared with the lower tertile. The mean cortisol during the OGTT, and the ratio of urinary cortisol to BMI were negatively related, while absolute DHEA and cortisol responses to ACTH were positively related to fasting and mean insulin levels. Hormonal variables, WHR. insulin, and triglycerides were successfully integrated into a tentative mathematical model by the use of covariance structure (path) analyses. Conclusions: Several alterations in the PA function, suggestive of decreased 21‐hydroxylase activity, mild cortisol deficiency and slight adrenal hyperplasia, are associated with abdominal obesity which, in turn, appears to be an important prelude to insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia.
Cancer and diabetes ‐ a follow‐up study of two populationbased cohorts of diabetic patients
Authors: HJALGRIM H. , FRISCH M. , EKBOM A. , KYVIK K. O. , MELBYE M. , GREEN A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Hjalgrim H, Frisch M, Ekbom A, Kyvik KO, Melbye M, Green A (Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen; Odense University, Odense; Denmark; and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Cancer and diabetes ‐ a follow‐up study of two population‐ based cohorts of diabetic patients. Objectives: To study the occurrence of cancer amongst patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Design: Population based cohort study. Setting: Denmark. Subjects: Two cohorts of patients with DM were identifled. One cohort comprised 1659 conscripts diagnosed with type I DM before the age of 20 years. Another cohort comprised 1499 men and women with insulin treated DM identified by means of medical prescriptions on 1 July 1973. Both cohorts were followed until the end of 1992. Main outcome measures. The relative risk of cancer in the two cohorts was estimated as the ratio of observed to expected number of cancers in the cohort (SIR). Results: No unusual risk of cancer was observed amongst the conscripts (SIR 0.9, n = 13) or amongst patients with onset of DM before the age of 30 years in the prescription cohort (SIR 0.9, n = 32). Amongst those aged 30 years or more at DM onset in the prescription cohort, the overall risk of cancer did not depart from normal (SIR 1.0, n = 103), however, pancreatic cancer occurred in excess both immediately (< 1 year) (SIR 190, n = l), and during 1–9 years after DM onset (SIR 9.0, n = 4). Similarly, the risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was increased significantly (SIR 3.3, n = 6), all cases occurring more than 10 years after DM onset. Conclusions: Our data suggest that there is no unusual risk of cancer associated with type I DM. Type II DM may be the first symptom of pancreatic cancer and may be associated with an increased risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Association of BsmI vitamin‐D receptor gene polymorphism with combined bone mass in spine and proximal femur in Icelandic women
Authors: SIGURDSSON G. , MAGNUSDOTTIR D. N. , KRISTINSSON J. Ö. , KRISTJANSSON K. , OLAFSSON I. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Sigurdsson G, Magnusdottir DN, Kristiisson J0, Kristjansson K, Olafsson I (Reykjavik Hospital, University of Iceland, Reyjavik, Iceland). Association of BsmI vitamin‐D receptor gene polymorphism with combined bone mass in spine and proximal femur in Icelandic women. Objective: To evaluate whether there is an association between BsmI‐vitamin‐D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and combined bone mass in the spine and proximal femur in a group of adult Icelandic women with high and low bone mineral density (BMD). Design: Comparison of distribution of VDR genotypes (BB, Bb and bb) and allele frequency (B and b) in two groups of women: a group with ‘strong bones’ with high BMD in both the spine and proximal femur (< 1 standard deviation [SD]) above the age‐matched mean (n = 3 5) and a group with ‘weak bones’ with BMD < 1.5 SD below the age‐matched mean at both sites using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Setting: Iceland, a population with a mean calcium intake > 1000 mg day‐'. The calcium intake in the study group was however not evaluated. Subjects: Eighty‐three Icelandic women, aged 22–65, free of diseases affecting bone and not taking drugs affecting calcium or bone metabolism, recruited from women undergoing bone densitometry at the Reykjavik Hospital. Main outcome measures: Frequency of VDR genotypes and alleles in the two groups. Results: The distribution of VDR genotypes was women with high and low bone mineral density significantly different in the two groups (P < 0.01): the b allele frequency was 70% in the group with high BMD compared to 48.5 % in the group with low BMD. Conclusions: In this selected group of adult Icelandic women the b allele in the vitamin‐D receptor gene seems to be associated with high bone mass in the spine and proximal femur.
Thyrotoxic period paralysis: report of three cases and review of the literature.
Authors: PAPADOPOULUS K. I. , DIEP T. , CLELAND B. , LUNN N. W. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Papadopoulos KI, Diep T, Cleland B. Lunn N W (Fairfield Hospital, Wetherill Park, Australia) Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: report of three cases and review of the literature (Case report.Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a neuromuscular disoder that, in a global perspective, only affects a small percentage of patients with thyrotoxicosis of any aetiology, but is a fairly common phenomenon in Asian populations where it predominantly ouucrs in males. Three typical cases are presented here. All three patients were Asian males, one being the first Laotian patient reported to have this disorder. In one case prodromal symptoms of TPP occurred during a relapse of the thyrotoxicosis. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, aetiology and treatment of this relatively rare condition are discussed. As oriental races are now frequently ecnountered in the Western world, it is imperative that TPP is included in the differential diagnosis of muscle weakness in order to avoid the life‐threatening complications of hypokalaemia and thyrotoxicosis.
Cisapride increases peak plasma and saliva ethanol levels under fasting conditions
Authors: DZIEKAN G. , CONTESSE J. , WERTH B. , SCHWARZER G. , REINHART W. H. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Dziekan G, Contesse J, Werth B, Schwarzer G. Keinhart WH (Kantonsspital, Chur, Switzerland and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany). Cisapride increases peak plasma and saliva ethanol levels under fasting conditions. J Intern Med 1997; 242: 479‐482.Objectives: Alcohol absorption is influenced by gastric first‐pass metabolism through an alcohol dehydrogenase and the gastric emptying time. Whilst an influence of antisecretory drugs and aspirin on gastric alcohol metabolism has been described, the role of prokinetic drugs has not been determined.Design: A randomized, placebo‐controlled doubleblind cross‐over study was performed.Setting: Out‐patient facilities of a referral hospital.Subjects: Eight male volunteers (age range 25–46 years).Intervention: Treatment with two doses of either placebo or cisapride 150 pgkg 7 h and 20 min before drinking 0.5 g/kg alcohol either in a fasting state or during a standardized meal (12 kcalkg).Main outcome measures. Plasma and saliva ethanol concentrations were measured during 4 h. Results. Cisapride increased peak plasma ethanol levels in fasting subjects from 15.6 (SD 1.4, 95′%‐KI 14.7i16.6) to 17.8 (SD 2.7, 9SYo‐KI 15.9i19.7)mmol/L and saliva ethanol 30 min after alcohol ingestion from 11.4 (SD 2.2, 95%‐KI 9.9;12.9) to 15.9 (SD 4.3, 95Yo‐KI 12.9;18.8) mmol/L. A significant interaction between fasting state and drug intake was found for the 30 min saliva ethanol values (P < 0.05, ANOVA for repeated measurements).Conclusions: Cisapride may increase ethanol levels under fasting conditions. Patients treated with prokinetic drugs should be informed about this possibility.
Colitis as the initital presentation of Wegener's granulomatosis.
Authors: SCHNEIDER A. , MENZEL J. , GAUBITZ M. , KELLER R. , LÜGERING N. , DOMSCHKE W. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Schneider A, Menzel J, Gaubitz M, Keller R, Domschke W (University of Munster, Munster, Germany). Colitis as the initial presentation of Wegener's granulomatosis (Case Report).Wegener's granulomatosis is a vasculitis which commonly presents with symptoms referable to the upper airway system, lungs, joints, eyes and kidneys. We present a case in which colitis combined with sinusitis could retrospectively be attributed as the initial manifestations of Wegener's disease.
What else adds to hypertension in predicting stroke? An incident case–referent study
Authors: Öhgren B. , Weinehall L. , Stegmayr B. , Boman K. , Hallmans G. , Wall S. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Öhgren B, Weinehall L, Stegmayr B, Boman K, Hallmans G, Wall S (Umeå University and Skellefteå County Hospital, Umeå, Sweden). What else adds to hypertension in predicting stroke? An incident case–referent study. J Intern Med 2000; 248: 475–482.Objectives. To examine to what extent traditional biomedical risk factors and social factors can predict, separately or jointly, first‐ever stroke event, and to explore to what extent other risk factors might add to hypertension/elevated blood pressure as a stroke risk factor.Design. An incident case–referent study.Setting. The study was nested within the Västerbotten Intervention Program (VIP) and the Northern Sweden MONICA cohorts.Subjects. The study involves 129 stroke cases with two randomly selected referents per case from the same study cohorts.Results. History of diabetes, daily smoking, obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg m−2), hypertension and living as an unmarried person were associated with an increased risk in univariate analysis. However, in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only hypertension, diabetes and single marital status remained significant. There was a statistically significant interaction between hypertension and smoking and stroke. Interaction of possible clinical relevance was also observed between hypertension, history of diabetes and stroke.Conclusions. The study both emphasizes the multifactorial nature of stroke and illustrates that knowledge of interactions offers different strategic approaches when preventing stroke in clinical work. It is important, but not enough, to focus on blood pressure control. Diabetes prevention as well as prevention of smoking must also be considered as factors of major importance.
Molecular epidemiology
Authors: Boffetta P. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Boffetta P (Unit of Environmental Cancer Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France). Molecular epidemiology (Internal Medicine in the 21st Century). J Intern Med 2000; 248: 447–454.The use of biomarkers in epidemiology is not new, but recent developments in molecular biology and genetics have increased the opportunities for their use. However, epidemiological studies based on biomarkers, which belong to the discipline defined as ‘molecular epidemiology’ are subject to the same problems of design and analysis as ‘traditional’ epidemiological studies. If biomarkers offer new opportunities to overcome some of the limitations of epidemiology, their added value over traditional approaches should be systematically assessed. Biomarkers should be validated though transitional studies; consideration to sources of bias and confounding in molecular epidemiology studies should be no less stringent than in traditional studies.
Hormone replacement therapy in healthy postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo‐controlled study of effects on coagulation and fibrinolytic factors
Authors: Gottsäter A. , Rendell M. , Hulthén U. L. , Berntorp E. , Mattiasson I. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Gottsäter A, Rendell M, Hulthén UL, Berntorp E, Mattiasson I (University of Lund, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden). Hormone replacement therapy in healthy postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo‐controlled study of effects on coagulation and fibrinolytic factors. J Intern Med 2001; 249: 237–246. Objectives. To evaluate effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on von Willebrand factor, factor (F)VIII, factor (F)VII, fibrinogen, antithrombin (AT) III, prothrombin fragments 1 and 2, protein C, total and free protein S, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and resistance to activated protein C. Design. Part 1: double blind randomized trial for 3 months. Part 2: open study for 9 months. Setting. Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. Subjects. Fifty‐one postmenopausal women with a history of amenorrhoea of at least 6 months and body mass index ≥ 24 kg m−2 participated in part 1 and 46 participated in part 2. Intervention. Randomization for placebo (n=24) or HRT (n=27). HRT was given as 2 mg oestradiol valerate for the first 3 months, with the addition of 10 mg medroxyprogesterone for 10 days every third month thereafter. Measurements. At baseline and after 3 and 12 months. Results. During 0–3 months in the HRT group, FVII increased (P < 0.01), whereas fibrinogen, AT III and total protein S all decreased (P < 0.001 for all). Changes in variables were expressed as Δ‐values. After 3 months Δ‐values differed between groups for fibrinogen (P < 0.05), AT III (P < 0.001), total protein S (P < 0.001), and PAI‐1 (P < 0.001). During 0–12 months, fibrinogen, total protein S, tPA (P < 0.01 for all) and AT III (P < 0.05) decreased. In the control group, all variables were unchanged during the study, except for increases (P < 0.05) in total protein S after 3 and 12 months, and a decrease (P < 0.01) in FVIII after 12 months. After 12 months Δ‐values differed for fibrinogen (P < 0.05), AT III (P < 0.05) and total protein S (P < 0.001). Conclusions. Unopposed oestrogen substitution was associated with both potentially beneficial effects, such as decreases in fibrinogen, and potentially thrombogenic effects such as decreasing AT III and protein S and increasing FVII. During prolonged follow‐up and addition of progesterone, differences between groups concerning FVII were attenuated. These data suggest that effects of HRT upon coagulation are most pronounced early after institution of unopposed treatment.
Gender specific associations of the Trp64Arg mutation in the β3‐adrenergic receptor gene with obesity‐related phenotypes in a Mediterranean population: interaction with a common lipoprotein lipase gene variation
Authors: Corella D. , Guillén M. , Portolés O. , Sorlí J. V. , Alonso V. , Folch J. , Sáiz C. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Corella D, Guillén M, Portolés O, Sorlí JV, Alonso V, Folch J, Sáiz C (School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain). Gender specific associations of the Trp64Arg mutation in the β3‐adrenergic receptor gene with obesity‐related phenotypes in a Mediterranean population: interaction with a common lipoprotein lipase gene variation. J Intern Med 2001; 250: 348–360. Objective. To investigate the association between the Trp64Arg β3‐adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) mutation and obesity‐related phenotypes in a Mediterranean Spanish population considering the effect of other genetic and environmental factors. Design and subject. Cross‐sectional study in 1063 (476 men and 587 women) randomly selected from this population (aged: 18–68 years). Measurements. Anthropometric (weight, height and waist‐to‐hip ratio), blood pressure, biochemical (lipids, fasting glucose, and uric acid), life‐style variables, and the Trp64Arg, HindIII‐Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and apolipoprotein E polymorphism. Results. Frequency of the Arg64 allele was low (0.051; 95% CI: 0.042–0.060). We found gender‐specific associations between the Trp64Arg mutation and obesity related phenotypes. In men, carriers of the Arg64 variant had higher body mass index (BMI) (27.63 ± 3.81 vs. 26.34 ± 3.57 kg m−2, P=0.049) and total cholesterol (5.85 ± 1.45 vs. 5.28 ± 1.06 mmol L−1; P=0.011) compared with wild‐type individuals. Logistic regression analysis, revealed that the risk of overweight was two times higher in male carriers of the Arg64 allele. In women, the Arg64 variant was only associated with higher fasting glucose (P=0.031). These genotype effects persisted after adjustment for age, genetic and life‐style variables. For the LPL polymorphism, the H−/H− genotype was associated with lower BMI and with lower risk of overweight (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30−0.81) in both men and women. However, after adjustment for covariates, these associations only remained statistically significant (P < 0.02) in women. Moreover, in women, a statistically significant interaction (P=0.026) between the LPL and the ADRB3 gene loci in determining BMI was found. Thus, the Arg64 allele was associated with a higher BMI only in H+/H+ women. Conclusions. The Trp64Arg mutation was associated with BMI and lipids in men. In women, an additional gene–gene interaction with the LPL‐HindIII polymorphism may explain the results.
Tumour staging, morphology and p53 overexpression concur in predicting survival in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: GIANNI S. , CECCHETTO A. , ALTAVILLA G. , RAGAZZI R. , BERTAZZO M. , DE GIORGIO M. , BALDAN A. , FAGIUOLI S. , FARINATI F. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Background/aims.  The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on cirrhosis is hard to predict as it depends on tumour stage, underlying liver disease, type of treatment and, possibly, biological factors of the tumour itself.Methods.  We prospectively evaluated the survival of 91 consecutive patients with HCC on cirrhosis, diagnosed between January 1998 and December 1999. Clinical features and histological/biological aspects, including histotype, grade, p53 overexpression, cytoproliferation and apoptotic markers were analysed.Results.  Child‐Pugh (P = 0.01), Okuda (P < 0.0001), Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) staging (P < 0.0001) and type of treatment (P = 0.0001) were significantly related to survival. In the Cox model, CLIP staging was included as independent predictor of survival at step 1 (P < 0.0001) with Okuda at step 2 (P = 0.013). Amongst the biological factors, p53 overexpression and histotype were significantly related with survival (P = 0.0044 and 0.017 respectively). When clinical and biological variables were examined together in the Cox model, CLIP and Okuda were confirmed as being statistically related with survival (P < 0.0001 and =0.012) followed by histotype and p53 overexpression (P = 0.019 and 0.02).Conclusions.  CLIP, Okuda, histotype and p53 overexpression are the strongest predictors of survival in this series of patients. These data confirm that staging of the tumour and underlying liver disease are strictly related to prognosis but support the concurrent role of clinical and biological factors in upgrading our capacity of predicting the fate of HCC patients.