bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cellular composition of chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Jensen Thorbjørn Søren Rønn , Olsen Markus Harboe , Christoffersen Christina , Binderup Tina , Fugleholm Kåre 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The pathophysiology of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) remains to be fully understood. Basic knowledge of the composition and features of cells in the CSDH fluid may contribute to the understanding of the seemingly complex processes involved in CSDH formation and recurrence.
This study is the first to examine the composition of cells and of cellular features in both systemic blood and subdural fluid from CSDH patients. We hypothesized that the cellular composition and features in the hematoma fluid may be; 1) different from that in the systemic blood; 2) different between patients with and without recurrence; 3) and different between the first and second operation in patients with recurrent CSDH.

Methods
Systemic blood and subdural hematoma fluid were collected from CSDH patients with and without recurrent CSDH at the time of primary and secondary surgery. Analyses of cells and cellular features included total number of white blood cells, erythroblasts, reticulocytes, platelets, neutrophilocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, reticulocytes, immature granulocytes, mean corpuscular cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, hemoglobin and hematocrit.

Results
Of the 85 included patients, 20 patients were operated for a recurrent CSDH within 90 days follow-up. All cells found in the systemic blood were present in the CSDH fluid, but the composition was different (p < 0.0001). MCV was higher in the hematoma fluid from the primary operation of patients later developing a recurrent CSDH compared to patients not developing recurrence (p = 0.009). Also, the percentage distribution of inflammatory cells in hematoma fluid from patients with recurrent CSDH was different between the first and second operation (p = 0.0017).

Conclusion
This study is the first to investigate the cellular composition of CSDH fluid. Compared to systemic blood and to a reference distribution, an increased number of immune cells were present in the hematoma fluid, supporting an inflammatory component of the CSDH pathophysiology. MCV was higher in the subdural fluid at time of the first operation of CSDH patients later developing recurrence.

Clinical trial registration
The study was approved by the Scientific Ethical Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (Journal no. H-20051073.
Association between periodontitis and dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yixin , Xiang Yonggang , Ren Haixia , Zhang Chao , Hu Ziqiu , Leng Weidong , Xia Lingyun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Recent evidence suggested a link between periodontitis (PD) and dental caries, but the trends and nature of this association remained unclear. The overall aim of this study was to critically assess the correlation of two disorders.

Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted within the PUBMED and EMBASE databases including grey literatures up to July 5th, 2023. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively evaluate the risk of bias.

Results
Overall, 18 studies were included. In terms of caries risk in PD patients, the prevalence of caries was increased by PD (OR = 1.57, 95%CI:1.20–2.07), both in crown (OR = 1.03, 95%CI:1.01–1.05) and root caries (OR = 2.10, 95%CI:1.03–4.29). Odds of caries were also raised by PD severity (OR moderate = 1.38, 95%CI:1.15–1.66; OR severe = 2.14, 95%CI:1.74–2.64). Besides, patients with PD exhibited a higher mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) and decayed and filled root teeth (DFR) [weighted mean difference (WMD)DMFT = 0.87, 95%CI: -0.03–1.76; WMDDFR = 1.13, 95%CI: 0.48–1.78]. Likewise, patients with caries had an elevated risk of PD (OR = 1.79, 95%CI:1.36–2.35). However, Streptococcus mutans, one of the main pathogens of caries, was negatively correlated with several main pathogens of periodontitis.

Conclusions
This study indicated a positive correlation between dental caries and periodontitis clinically, while the two disease-associated pathogens were antagonistic.

Clinical relevance
Further research, including clinical cohort studies and mechanisms of pathogens interaction is needed on this link for better prevention and treatment of PD and caries. In addition, innovative prevention strategies need to be developed and incorporated in dental practices to prevent these two highly prevalent oral diseases.
Irr and equivalence of cash-flow streams, loans, and portfolios of bonds
Authors: Favero Gino , Piacitelli Gherardo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe show, through a Linear Algebra approach, that a general deterministic cash-flow stream admits a given Internal Rate of Return (irr, either constant or time-varying) if, and only if, it can be replicated by a suitable portfolio of bonds, each with yield to maturity equal to that same irr. Five particular replicating portfolios are examined, including and generalizing other representations known from the the literature, which allow for a unified, irr-based, interpretation of apparently diverse objects. Considering the amortization of a loan as a particular case, further equivalences are found and lead to some original consideration.
Optimal additional voluntary contribution in DC pension schemes to manage inadequacy risk
Authors: Ferreira Morici Henrique , Vigna Elena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn defined contribution pension schemes the member bears the investment risk and her main concern is to obtain an inadequate fund at retirement. To address inadequacy risk, flexibility is often given to the member to pay additional voluntary contributions (AVCs) into the fund. In many countries the AVC schemes allow members of the workplace pension plan to increase the amount of retirement benefits by paying extra contributions. In this paper, we define a target-based optimization problem where the member of an AVC scheme can choose at any time the investment strategy and the AVCs to the fund. In setting the problem, the member faces a trade-off between the importance given to the stability of payments during the accumulation phase and the achievement of the desired annuity at retirement. We derive closed-form solutions via dynamic programming and prove that (i) the optimal fund never reaches the target final fund, (ii) the optimal amount invested in the risky asset is positive, and (iii) the optimal AVC is higher than the target one. We run numerical simulations to allow for different member’s preferences, and perform sensitivity analyses to assess the controls’ robustness.
Integrating AI-driven threat intelligence and forecasting in the cyber security exercise content generation lifecycle
Authors: Zacharis Alexandros , Katos Vasilios , Patsakis Constantinos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe escalating complexity and impact of cyber threats require organisations to rehearse responses to cyber-attacks by routinely conducting cyber security exercises. However, the effectiveness of these exercises is limited by the exercise planners’ ability to replicate real-world scenarios in a timely manner that is, most importantly, tailored to the training audience and sector impacted. To address this issue, we propose the integration of AI-driven sectorial threat intelligence and forecasting to identify emerging and relevant threats and anticipate their impact in different industries. By incorporating such automated analysis and forecasting into the design of cyber security exercises, organisations can simulate real-world scenarios more accurately and assess their ability to respond to emerging threats. Fundamentally, our approach enhances the effectiveness of cyber security exercises by tailoring the scenarios to reflect the threats that are more relevant and imminent to the sector of the targeted organisation, thereby enhancing its preparedness for cyber attacks. To assess the efficacy of our forecasting methodology, we conducted a survey with domain experts and report their feedback and evaluation of the proposed methodology.
Mast cells in human choroid and their role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Authors: Ribatti Domenico , Dammacco Rosanna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe role of mast cells in physiologic and pathological processes extends far beyond the allergy processes: they are involved in wound healing, chronic inflammation, and tumor growth. This short article emphasizes the role played by mast cells in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Mast cells can induce angiogenesis and are present around Bruch's membrane during the early and late stages of choroidal neovascularization in AMD. Proteolytic enzymes released by mast cells lead to thinning of the choroid in AMD as well as degradation of vascular basement membranes and Bruch's membrane, which in turn could result in retinal pigment epithelial death and choriocapillaris degeneration in geographical atrophy and exudative AMD.
The influence of face mask color on perceptions of African American and white men
Authors: Morris Lauren A. , Bazzini Doris G. , Holden Christopher J. , Lee Savannah J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite their widespread use during the COVID-19 pandemic, face masks hinder abilities to interpret facial expressions. Yet, they can also reduce the appearance of characteristics that are used to categorize individuals into racial groups, such as Afrocentric features. The color of a face mask might also promote associations with certain types of behavior and professional occupations (e.g., blue surgical mask connoting physician stereotypes; black masks potentially being associated with criminality). This study assessed whether the presence and color of a face mask impacted perceptions of a target male of varying race. White participants (N = 250) were presented with an African American or White male adult face from the Chicago Face Database (of equal age and attractiveness) wearing a blue or black surgical mask, or no mask (Photoshopped onto the face) and rated the man on emotions (happy, sad, angry) as well as how trustworthy, threatening, and attractive the target appeared. Targets wearing a blue surgical mask were judged as more trustworthy and attractive than those wearing no mask (perhaps due to association with medical professions), but these judgements were not qualified by race, despite the African American target’s selection based on Afrocentric features. The color black on a face mask did not exacerbate negative perceptions of targets, perhaps suggesting a decline effect in previously demonstrated associations between this color and criminal actions. Unlike previous research performed at the beginning of the Covid-19 Pandemic on cloth masks shown to potentially exacerbate racial biases, surgical masks (pleated and made of polymeric materials), appear to lessen potential stereotyping of Black relative to White men.
Comparing the effectiveness of adulticide application interventions on mitigating local transmission of dengue virus
Authors: Kummer Allisandra G. , Wilke André B. B. , Ventura Paulo C. , Vasquez Chalmers , Medina Johana , Unlu Isik , Gonzalez Yaziri , Mhlanga Adquate , Benelli Giovanni , Ejima Keisuke , Mutebi John-Paul , Ajelli Marco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe southern US has a large presence of mosquito vector species for dengue virus (DENV) and experiences thousands of DENV importations every year, which have led to several local outbreaks. Adulticide spraying targeting active mosquitoes is one of the most common insecticide strategies used as a response to an outbreak. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of adulticide spraying conducted at different times of the day to curb DENV transmission. Based on unique dataset of Aedes aegypti diel activity patterns in Miami-Dade County, Florida, and Brownsville, Texas, we developed a mechanistic model of DENV transmission, which simulates adulticide spraying interventions. We estimated that spraying adulticide for 14 consecutive days at 7am or 8 pm was highly effective in reducing DENV outbreak probability from 10% in the absence of interventions to 0.1% for Miami-Dade County, and from 7.8 to 0.1% for Brownsville. Moreover, in case of a local outbreak in Miami-Dade County, we estimated the median number of symptomatic infections after the identification of a local outbreak to be reduced from 67.0 (IQR: 25.5–103.0) in the absence of interventions to 1.0 (IQR: 0.0–2.0) when spraying adulticide for 14 consecutive days at 8 pm. In Brownsville, the same intervention is estimated to lead to a decrease from 15.0 (IQR: 7.0–33.0) cases to 1.0 (IQR: 0.0–2.0). Our study highlights the importance of considering diel activity patterns of vector mosquito species in arbovirus preparedness and response planning and provide quantitative evidence to guide the decision-making of mosquito control authorities.
The all-pairs vitality-maximization (VIMAX) problem
Authors: Paul Alice , Martonosi Susan E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTraditional network interdiction problems focus on removing vertices or edges from a network so as to disconnect or lengthen paths in the network; network diversion problems seek to remove vertices or edges to reroute flow through a designated critical vertex or edge. We introduce the all-pairs vitality maximization problem (VIMAX), in which vertex deletion attempts to maximize the amount of flow passing through a critical vertex, measured as the all-pairs vitality of the vertex. The assumption in this problem is that in a network for which the structure is known but the physical locations of vertices may not be known (e.g., a social network), locating a person or asset of interest might require the ability to detect a sufficient amount of flow (e.g., communications or financial transactions) passing through the corresponding vertex in the network. We formulate VIMAX as a mixed integer program, and show that it is NP-Hard. We compare the performance of the MIP and a simulated annealing heuristic on both real and simulated data sets and highlight the potential increase in vitality of key vertices that can be attained by subset removal. We also present graph theoretic results that can be used to narrow the set of vertices to consider for removal.
Biomarkers of mussel exposure to Vibrionaceae: A review
Authors: Azizan Awanis , Venter Leonie , Alfaro Andrea C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor more than a century, bacterial infections caused by Vibrio spp. have affected various species of mussels around the world, with limited insights into the responses implemented by mussels against these infections. A combination of chemical analyses and carefully selected biological endpoints from haemolymph and tissues can be used to identify the welfare status of mussels and potentially protect aquatic ecosystems from catastrophic health threats. Recent developments in biomarker identification tools, such as omics and bioinformatics, have been successfully applied to evaluate the effect of environmental pollutants and other chemicals on mussels. However, the application of biomarkers to assess mussel health is limited. This review describes the available scientific literature on biomarker research for Vibrio-mussel interactions, and those aspects related to mussel health and disease assessment, grouped as biomarkers of exposure, effects, and susceptibility. From the review, it is clear that when integrated biomarkers are used, they can provide a deeper understanding of the relative health and potential susceptibility of mussels for better management practices. Furthermore, health biomarker data can be used to build resilience in mussels against climate change conditions, strengthen biosecurity management programs, improve farming and processing efficiency, and add value in terms of market-desirable traits. These data hold promise for advancing sustainability efforts within the aquaculture industry.
Graphical abstract
Current axillary management of patients with early breast cancer and low-volume nodal disease undergoing primary surgery: results of a United Kingdom national practice survey
Authors: Fairhurst K. , McIntosh S. A. , Cutress R. I. , Potter S. ,   Our Citable Collaborators, Abbott Nick , Abdullah Mohammad , Agrawal Avi , Arthur Laura , Bouhelal Amina , Bright-Thomas Rachel , Brown Victoria , Butt Sundas , Chan Charlie , Cheah Wilson , Chrysafi Adamantia , Clark Sarah , Cutress Ramsey , Donigiewicz Urszula , Dunlop Hannah , Egbeare Donna , Fahmy Waleed , Ferguson Douglas , Gill Nina , Glassman Daniel , Graja Tomasz , Gomez Kelvin Francis , Goyal Amit , Hamad Ahmed , Hargreaves Anita , Harris Grant , Hubbard Thomas , Humphreys Alex , Iqbal Javeria , Kalakouti Eliana , Kallaway Charlotte , Karat Isabella , Karim Sabeeha , Khawaja Saira , King Polly , Kleidi Eleftheria , Knight Hannah , Krupa Jaroslaw , Leeper Alexander , Lefemine Valentina , Lewis Rebecca , Linforth Richard , MacInnes Emma , Mactier Mhairi , Mamareli Christina , Masannat Yazan , Masudi Tahir , McLean Ross , Milligan Rob , Mohabadian Bijan Ansari , Morgan Jenna , Munir Asma , Murphy Claire , Nayak Soudamini , Ogston Keith , Price Robert , Pervaz Mujahid , Ramzi Saed , Rattay Tim , Regan Azel , Romics Laszlo , Rutherford Claire Louise , Saha Sunita , Sallam Ibrahim , Seth Subodh , Sheehan Lisa , Thorne Amanda , Vidya Raghavan , Williams Kate , Youssef Mina , Zafar Shaista 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
UK NICE guidelines recommend axillary node clearance (ANC) should be performed in all patients with biopsy-proven node-positive breast cancer having primary surgery. There is, however, increasing evidence such extensive surgery may not always be necessary. Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) may be an effective alternative in patients with low-volume nodal disease who are clinically node negative (cN0) but have abnormal nodes detected radiologically. This survey aimed to explore current management of this group to inform feasibility of a future trial.

Methods
An online survey was developed to explore current UK management of patients with low-volume axillary disease and attitudes to a future trial. The survey was distributed via breast surgery professional associations and social media from September to November 2022. One survey was completed per unit and simple descriptive statistics used to summarise the results.

Results
51 UK breast units completed the survey of whom 78.5% (n = 40) reported performing ANC for all patients with biopsy-proven axillary nodal disease having primary surgery. Only 15.7% of units currently performed TAD either routinely (n = 6, 11.8%) or selectively (n = 2, 3.9%). There was significant uncertainty (83.7%, n = 36/43) about the optimal surgical management of these patients. Two-thirds (n = 27/42) of units felt an RCT comparing TAD and ANC would be feasible.

Conclusions
ANC remains standard of care for patients with low-volume node-positive breast cancer having primary surgery in the UK, but considerable uncertainty exists regarding optimal management of this group. This survey suggests an RCT comparing the outcomes of TAD and ANC may be feasible.
Undisruptable or stable concepts: can we design concepts that can avoid conceptual disruption, normative critique, and counterexamples?
Authors: Lundgren Björn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt has been argued that our concepts can be disrupted or challenged by technology or normative concerns, which raises the question of whether we can create, design, engineer, or define more robust concepts that avoid counterexamples and conceptual challenges that can lead to conceptual disruption. In this paper, it is argued that we can. This argument is presented through a case study of a definition in the technological domain.
Pattern Diversity Based Four-Element Dual-band MIMO Patch Antenna for 5G mmWave Communication Networks
Authors: Sethi Waleed Tariq , Kiani Saad Hassan , Munir Mehre E. , Sehrai Daniyal Ali , savci Huseyin şerif , Awan Dawar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents a planar dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design for the prospective fifth-generation (5G) frequency bands of 28 and 38 GHz. The antenna element is designed by utilizing a rectangular patch with an offset microstrip feeding technique. A dual-band response is achieved by placing semi-circular slots on each side of the patch element. To tune the frequency response and improve impedance matching, vertical rectangular slits are etched in the rectangular patch and the ground plane, respectively. The results show that the single antenna element offers an impedance bandwidth of 2.52 GHz (26.32–28.84 GHz) and 7.5 GHz (34–41.5 GHz). In addition, a MIMO configuration based on pattern diversity using four antenna elements is designed and fabricated. The designed MIMO configuration achieves an impedance bandwidth of 3 GHz (27–30 GHz) and 5.46 GHz (35.54–41 GHz) at operating bands of 28 and 38 GHz. The peak realized gain for the single element at 28 and 38 GHz is noted to be 7.4 dBi and 7.5 dBi, respectively. Furthermore, the polarization diversity configuration illustrates an isolation of > 15 dB and > 25 dB for the 28 and 38 GHz frequency bands, respectively. Moreover, the MIMO configuration attains appropriate values for the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain (DG), Total Active Reflection Co-efficient (TARC), Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) and Mean Effective Gain (MEG) for the operating frequency bands. The proposed MIMO system based on results seems to be potential choice for mmwave Ka Band Applications.
Effect of polymer concentration and cross-linking density on the microstructure and properties of polyimide aerogels
Authors: Filimonova Ekaterina , Bergmann Thomas , Zhao Shanyu , Dyatlov Valery A. , Malfait Wim J. , Wu Tingting 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPolyimide aerogels display excellent mechanical strength, high thermal stability, low thermal conductivity, and outstanding dielectric properties. Typically, the synthesis of polyimide aerogels involves the polycondensation of dianhydride and diamine into poly(amic acid) (PAA) oligomers, which are then cross-linked and chemically imidized into polyimide. The stoichiometry of dianhydride and diamine determines the number of repeat units and length of the PAA oligomers, which in turn determines the cross-linking density. Despite the critical role of polymer concentration and number of repeating units in determining the microstructure and properties of polyimide aerogels, few detailed studies exist on these two parameters. Here, we synthesized and characterized 16 polyimide aerogel formulations from the common monomers biphenyl-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA), with different repeat units (n = 5, 15, 30, 45) and total polymer concentrations (4, 7, 10, 13 wt%). An increased polymer concentration accelerated gelation and enhanced the mechanical performance of aerogels, but surprisingly, it also led to higher volumetric shrinkage during aging, solvent exchange, and supercritical drying (SCD). Specific surface areas (SSAs) reached a maximum at intermediate polymer concentrations. A shorter oligomer chain length, i.e., a higher cross-linking density, led to moderately higher SSAs (between 320 and 400 m2/g) and reduced shrinkage, resulting in lower densities for a given polymer concentration. The density dependence of the thermal conductivity exhibits a pronounced U-shaped curve with a minimum in thermal conductivity of 21–23 mW/(m·K) between 0.080 and 0.120 g/cm3, with somewhat lower values for more highly cross-linked aerogels. This systematic study of polyimide aerogels forms the basis for designing polyimide aerogels with tailored properties for targeted applications.
Graphical Abstract