bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does early initiation of therapeutic plasma exchange improve outcome in pediatric stem cell transplant–associated thrombotic microangiopathy?
Authors: Jodele Sonata , Laskin Benjamin L. , Goebel Jens , Khoury Jane C. , Pinkard Susan L. , Carey Patricia M. , Davies Stella M. 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND: The use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in hematopoietic stem cell transplant–associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA‐TMA) is controversial because the exact mechanism of injury in TA‐TMA is not yet understood.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The study objective was to retrospectively review the outcome of children receiving TPE for TA‐TMA at our institution. We hypothesized that patients initiating TPE earlier in their disease course would receive a greater benefit than those starting later, regardless of the therapeutic mechanism.RESULTS: We identified 10 consecutive pediatric patients with TA‐TMA treated with TPE. Nine of these patients showed normalization of the laboratory variables associated with microangiopathy during their TPE course, but only five patients recovered renal function and survived TA‐TMA. The five survivors started TPE a median of 17 days (range, 4‐25 days) after TA‐TMA diagnosis while the five patients who died started TPE a median of 32 days (range, 17‐73 days) after TA‐TMA was diagnosed. Three of the five survivors had multiorgan failure at TA‐TMA diagnosis and completely recovered with early institution of TPE. These three survivors were able to discontinue renal replacement therapy, and all achieved a normal posttreatment creatinine. The five patients with later institution of TPE progressed to end‐stage renal disease and all died. There were no serious TPE‐related complications in either group.CONCLUSION: This is the first report evaluating TPE response in regard to procedure initiation time after TA‐TMA diagnosis. Our data suggests that early initiation of TPE might be beneficial even in patients with multiorgan failure due to TA‐TMA.
Effect of storage on levels of nitric oxide metabolites in platelet preparations
Authors: Park Ji Won , Piknova Barbora , Kurtz James , Seetharaman Shalini , Wagner Stephen J. , Schechter Alan N. 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO), a potent signaling molecule, is known to inhibit platelet (PLT) function in vivo. We investigated how the levels of NO and its metabolites change during routine PLT storage. We also tested whether the material of PLT storage containers affects nitrite content since many plastic materials are known to contain and release nitrite.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: For nitrite and nitrate measurement, leukoreduced apheresis PLTs and concurrent plasma (CP) were collected from healthy donors using a cell separator. Sixty‐milliliter aliquots of PLT or CP were stored in CLX or PL120 Teflon containers at 20 to 24°C with agitation and daily samples were processed to yield PLT pellet and supernatant. In a separate experiment, PLTs were stored in PL120 Teflon to measure NO generation using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).RESULTS: Nitrite level increased markedly in both PLT supernatant and CP stored in CLX containers at a rate of 58 and 31 nmol/L/day, respectively. However, there was a decrease in nitrite level in PLTs stored in PL120 Teflon containers. Nitrite was found to leach from CLX containers and this appears to compensate for nitrite consumption in these preparations. Nitrate level did not significantly change during storage.CONCLUSION: PLTs stored at 20 to 24°C maintain measurable levels of nitrite and nitrate. The nitrite decline in nonleachable Teflon containers in contrast to increases in CLX containers that leach nitrite suggests that it is consumed by PLTs, residual white blood cells, or red blood cells. These results suggest NO‐related metabolic changes occur in PLT units during storage.
Effect of inositol hexaphosphate–loaded red blood cells (RBCs) on the rheology of sickle RBCs
Authors: Lamarre Yann , Bourgeaux Vanessa , Pichon Aurélien , Hardeman Max R. , Campion Yannick , Hardeman‐Zijp Marise , Martin Cyril , Richalet Jean‐Paul , Bernaudin Françoise , Driss Françoise , Godfrin Yann , Connes Philippe 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND: The recent in vitro demonstration that inositol hexaphosphate–loaded red blood cells (IHP‐RBCs) may reduce the risks of sickling of sickle RBCs (SS RBCs) exposed to hypoxia make these modified RBCs potentially useful in transfused sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Hemorheologic properties of IHP‐RBCs, normal RBCs (AA RBCs), SS RBCs, SS RBCs plus AA RBCs, and SS RBCs plus IHP‐RBCs were compared under normoxia and/or after hypoxic challenges.RESULTS: Although IHP‐RBCs have reduced deformability compared with SS RBCs or AA RBCs, IHP‐RBCs exhibited lower aggregability than AA RBCs and SS RBCs and, when mixed with SS RBCs, the aggregation level was below the one of SS RBCs alone or SS RBCs plus AA RBCs. Blood viscosity of SS RBC plus IHP‐RBC suspension was lower than the viscosity of SS RBCs alone and greater than viscosity of SS RBCs plus AA RBCs. The hypoxic challenge was detrimental for deformability and viscosity of SS RBCs alone or SS plus AA RBC suspension but not for SS plus IHP‐RBC suspension.CONCLUSION: Our results support the fact that IHP‐RBCs could be useful in SCA by decreasing RBC aggregation and blunting the adverse effects of hypoxia on RBC deformability and blood viscosity.
Analysis of prolonged storage on coagulation Factor (F)V, FVII, and FVIII in thawed plasma: is it time to extend the expiration date beyond 5 days?
Authors: Tholpady Ashok , Monson Janet , Radovancevic Rajko , Klein Kimberly , Bracey Arthur 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND: According to AABB standards, fresh‐frozen plasma (FFP) should be thawed at 30 to 37°C and expire after 24 hours. An increase in the aggressive management of trauma patients with thawed plasma has heightened the risk of plasma waste. One way to reduce plasma waste is to extend its shelf life, given that the full range of therapeutic efficacy is maintained. We evaluated the effect of prolonged storage at 1 to 6°C on the activity of Factor (F)V, FVII, and FVIII in plasma thawed at 37 or 45°C.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Group O plasma from healthy donors (n = 20) was divided into 10 pairs and frozen and stored at not more than −18°C. One sample from each pair was thawed at 37 or 45°C, and all were stored at 1 to 6°C. Samples were analyzed for FV, FVII, and FVIII activity on Days 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20.RESULTS: Plasma thawing time was 17% less at 45°C than at 37°C. No differences were observed between thawing groups in coagulation activity of FV, FVII, and FVIII during the 20‐day storage period (p > 0.12). In both groups, the activity of FV and FVIII decreased over time but remained within a normal range at 10 days.CONCLUSION: Although levels of plasma clotting factors are reduced in storage, therapeutic levels of FV and FVIII are maintained in thawed plasma stored for up to 10 days at 1 to 6°C. Thawing of FFP at 45°C decreases thawing time but does not affect the activity of FV, FVII, and FVIII.
Leukapheresis in non–cytokine‐stimulated donors with a new apheresis system: first‐time collection results and evaluation of subsequent cryopreservation
Authors: Steininger Philipp A. , Smith Richard , Geier Christoph , Zimmermann Robert , Eckstein Reinhold , Strasser Erwin F. 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND: Adoptive cell therapy based on mononuclear cells (MNCs) became an important modality of cancer immunotherapy. Data about collection results and donor response of leukapheresis with the Spectra Optia v.5.0 (Terumo BCT) in nonmobilized donors are required.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Twelve MNC collections were performed using the Spectra Optia v.5.0 in non–cytokine‐stimulated donors. Leukapheresis products and peripheral blood samples from donors were assayed for CD45+, CD34+, CD3+, and CD14+ cells by flow cytometry. Prefreeze and postthaw cell counts, cell viability, and numbers of colony‐forming units were assessed in cryobags and compared to data from cryovials.RESULTS: Leukapheresis yielded a mean of 5.26 × 109 ± 2.2 × 109 CD45+ cells, 1.5 × 109 ± 0.77 × 109 CD14+ monocytes, and 2.28 × 109 ± 1.2 × 109 CD3+ T cells by processing 6690 ± 930 mL of whole blood. A significant positive correlation between yield of CD3+ T cells and residual platelets (PLTs) and red blood cells (RBCs) was observed. This did not apply for CD34+ and CD14+ white blood cell subsets. Mean collection efficiencies for CD14+ monocytes and CD3+ T cells were 61.8 ± 17 and 37.2 ± 18%, respectively. Recovery of CD14+ cells after cryopreservation was 75.2 ± 8.2%, which was significantly lower than recovery of CD45+ cells (81.4 ± 5.5%; p = 0.01).CONCLUSION: This study of a small cohort demonstrates that the Spectra Optia v.5.0 is capable of collecting low product volumes with satisfactory MNC yields and low residual RBCs and PLTs in non–cytokine‐mobilized apheresis. Our data suggest that cryovials can serve as a representative surrogate for the primary product cryobag.
Voluntary Wheel Running Selectively Augments Insulin‐Stimulated Vasodilation in Arterioles from White Skeletal Muscle of Insulin‐Resistant Rats
Authors: Mikus Catherine R. , Roseguini Bruno T. , Uptergrove Grace M. , Matthew Morris E. , Scott Rector Randy , Libla Jessica L. , Oberlin Douglas J. , Borengasser Sarah J. , Taylor Angelina M. , Ibdah Jamal A. , Harold Laughlin Maurice , Thyfault John P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundExercise (RUN) prevents declines in insulin‐mediated vasodilation, an important component of insulin‐mediated glucose disposal, in rats prone to obesity and insulin resistance.ObjectiveDetermine whether RUN (1) improves insulin‐stimulated vasodilation after insulin resistance has been established, and (2) differentially affects arterioles from red and white muscle.MethodsInsulin signaling and vasoreactivity to insulin (1–1000 μIU/mL) were assessed in 2A from the Gw and Gr of SED OLETF rats at 12 and 20 weeks of age (SED12, SED20) and those undergoing RUN (RUN20) or caloric restriction (CR20; to match body weight of RUN) from 12 to 20 weeks.ResultsGlucose and insulin responses to i.p. glucose were reduced in RUN20, elevated in SED20 (p < 0.05 vs. SED12), and maintained in CR20. Insulin‐stimulated vasodilation was greater in Gw but not Gr, 2As of RUN20 (p < 0.01 vs. all groups), and was improved by ET‐1 receptor inhibition in Gw 2As from SED20 and CR20 (p < 0.05). There were no differences in microvascular insulin signaling among groups or muscle beds.ConclusionsRUN selectively improved insulin‐mediated vasodilation in Gw 2As, in part through attenuated ET‐1 sensitivity/production, an adaptation that was independent of changes in adiposity and may contribute to enhanced insulin‐stimulated glucose disposal.
Mechanical Properties and Deformation of Cubic Silicon Carbide Micropillars in Compression at Room Temperature
Authors: Shin Chansun , Jin Hyung‐Ha , Kim Weon‐Ju , Park Ji‐Yeon 
Published: July 2012

We performed microcompression tests on silicon carbide (SiC) pillars with diameters ranging from 4.7 down to 0.65 μm at room temperature. The SiC micropillars were fabricated from a polycrystalline 3C‐SiC plate using lithography and plasma etching. The pillars exhibited elastic loading behavior until a catastrophic brittle fracture occurred. The compressive fracture strength was found to increase with a decrease in pillar diameter. This scale dependency can be attributed to the flaw sensitivity of brittle materials, and cracking seems to start at the grain boundaries. Ductile plasticity occurred in micropillars with a diameter of 0.65 μm. Cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy observation of the plastically deformed pillars showed that a slip occurred on the {111} planes. The critical resolved shear stress for a {111}<110> slip system was evaluated to be 4.9–7.3 GPa, which is consistent with the values obtained from numerical and theoretical studies in the literature.
Growth of Ca‐Doped Large Grain Gd–Ba–Cu–O Superconductors
Authors: Cheng Ling , Li Wei , Kou Bin Quan , Yao Xin , Ikuta Hiroshi 
Published: July 2012

The effect of calcium doping on growing GdBa2Cu3Oz (GdBCO or Gd123) bulk superconductors using top‐seeded melt‐textured growth (TSMTG) method in air was studied. NdBCO thin films deposited on MgO substrate were effectively used as cold‐seeds because of their superheating natures, which allow them enduring a higher maximum processing temperature (Tmax) than that of a conventional TSMTG process. Several heavily Ca‐doped GdBCO (up to 3 wt% CaCO3) single domains were obtained without heterogeneous nucleation. Moreover, an interesting phenomenon of negative growth was observed during the cooling‐down process of Ca–GdBCO, which prevented the grain from further crystallization. The compositional analysis revealed that the Ca content has a declined tendency from the initial growth region toward the edge. It is deduced that the effective Ca distribution coefficient k > 1, which gives rise to a decreased peritectic temperature (Tp) with the reduction of the Ca content, is the main origin of the negative growth behavior. To overcome this obstacle, a two‐stage cooling procedure was developed, i.e., slow cooling followed by fast cooling, to compensate the loss of the growth driving force caused by the decrease of Tp. Consequently, a highly doped Ca–GdBCO bulk was grown with a size of 14 mm2.
Cell fusion contributes to the rescue of apoptotic cardiomyocytes by bone marrow cells
Authors: Yang Wei‐Jian , Li Shu‐Hong , Weisel Richard D. , Liu Shi‐Ming , Li Ren‐Ke 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCardiomyocyte apoptosis is an important contributor to the progressive cardiac dysfunction that culminates in congestive heart failure. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) restore cardiac function following ischaemia, and transplanted BMCs have been reported to fuse with cells of diverse tissues. We previously demonstrated that the myogenic conversion of bone marrow stromal cells increased nearly twofold when the cells were co‐cultured with apoptotic (TNF‐α treated) cardiomyocytes. We therefore hypothesized that cell fusion may be a major mechanism by which BMCs rescue cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. We induced cellular apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes by treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The TUNEL assay demonstrated an increase in apoptosis from 4.5 ± 1.3% in non‐treated cells to 19.0 ± 4.4% (P < 0.05) in treated cells. We subsequently co‐cultured the apoptotic cardiomyocytes with BMCs and assessed cell fusion using flow cytometry. Fusion was rare in the non‐treated control cardiomyocytes (0.3%), whereas H2O2 treatment led to significantly higher fusion rates than the control group (P < 0.05), with the highest rate of 7.9 ± 0.3% occurring at 25 μM H2O2. We found an inverse correlation between cell fusion and completion of cardiomyocyte apoptosis (R2 = 0.9863). An in vivo mouse model provided evidence of cell fusion in the infarcted myocardium following the injection of BMCs. The percentage of cells undergoing fusion was significantly higher in mice injected with BMCs following infarction (8.8 ± 1.3%) compared to mice that did not undergo infarction (4.6 ± 0.6%, P < 0.05). Enhancing cell fusion may be one method to preserve cardiomyocytes following myocardial infarction, and this new approach may provide a novel target for cardiac regenerative therapies.
Sustained outcomes of a peer‐taught family education program on mental illness
Authors: Lucksted A. , Medoff D. , Burland J. , Stewart B. , Fang L. J. , Brown C. , Jones A. , Lehman A. , Dixon L. B. 
Published: July 2012

Objective:  This study examines 6‐month follow‐up data from participants in a randomized trial of a peer‐driven 12‐session family support and education program, called family‐to‐family (FTF) and offered by the US National Alliance on Mental Illness, to determine whether improvements in distress, family functioning, coping and empowerment were sustained.Method:  Individuals randomized to the FTF condition were assessed after program completion and then 3 months later on measures of distress, family functioning, coping, and empowerment. We used a multilevel regression model (sas proc mixed) to test for significant changes over time (baseline, 3 and 9 months).Results:  All significant benefits that FTF participants gained between baseline and immediately post‐FTF were sustained at 9 months including reduced anxiety, improved family problem‐solving, increased positive coping, and increased knowledge. Greater class attendance was associated with larger increases in empowerment and reductions in depression and displeasure with ill relative.Conclusion:  Evidence suggests that benefits of the FTF program were sustained for at least 6 months without any additional boosters or supports. Peer‐based programs may produce sustained benefits for individuals seeking help in addressing challenges and stresses related to having a family member with a mental illness.
CD20 gene deletion causes a CD20‐negative relapse in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Nakamaki Tsuyoshi , Fukuchi Kunihiko , Nakashima Hidetoshi , Ariizumi Hirotsugu , Maeda Takashi , Saito Bungo , Yanagisawa Kouji , Tomoyasu Shigeru , Homma Mayumi , Shiozawa Eisuke , Yamochi‐Onizuka Toshiko , Ota Hidekazu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a CD20‐negative relapse is clinically significant because it is associated with chemo‐refractory phenotypes and loss of a therapeutic target. The alteration of the CD20 gene is reported as infrequent in CD20‐negative relapse in B‐cell lymphoma. We established a DLBCL cell line with loss of CD20 expression (SD07) from a patient at CD20‐negative relapse. She was initially diagnosed with CD20‐positive DLBCL and received repeated immuno‐chemotherapy that included rituximab. SD07, which has an immunoglobulin κ rearrangement identical to that of lymphoma cells at CD20‐negative relapse, showed homozygous deletion of the CD20 gene with loss of the copy number of 11q12. SD07 is the first case in which it is proven that the loss of CD20 expression in relapsed DLBCL is the result of deletion of the CD20 gene. Deletion of the CD20 gene is a molecular mechanism of CD20‐negative relapse in a subset of DLBCL.
Avulsion and replantation of a primary incisor tooth
Authors: Friedlander Lara T. , Chandler Nicholas P. , Drummond Bernadette K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAvulsion of a primary tooth is a serious dental trauma, and the guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology and textbooks in paediatric dentistry do not recommend replantation. Such management can result in severe damage to the supporting structures, and together with avulsion itself is commonly associated with developmental disturbances of the permanent tooth. We report the case of replantation in a 9‐month‐old child with a successful outcome, in a unique situation where conditions were optimal and careful long‐term follow up was possible.
Massachusetts emergency departments' resources and physicians' knowledge of management of traumatic dental injuries
Authors: Needleman Howard L. , Stucenski Keri , Forbes Peter W. , Chen Qiaoli , Stack Anne M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundHospital emergency departments (ED) are confronted with triaging and managing dental emergencies of both traumatic and non‐traumatic origin. However, the literature suggests that there exists inadequate knowledge of the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) among medical professionals who must be knowledgeable and have the appropriate resources needed to triage or treat patients presenting with TDI.AimThe aims of this study were to (i) evaluate the resources of Massachusetts emergency departments (MEDs) for TDI, (ii) determine the knowledge of management of TDI among MED physicians, and (iii) investigate potential factors that affect their knowledge.Materials and methodsSurveys were mailed to MED directors and their physicians. The director survey contained questions regarding institutional information for each emergency department (ED). The physician survey contained questions about physician characteristics and tested their knowledge of managing dental trauma.ResultsA total of 72 surveys (16 MED directors and 56 physicians) were returned and included in the analysis. Only 50% of the MEDs had on‐site dental coverage, 43.8% had 24‐h off‐site dental coverage, and none had a formal written dental trauma protocol. MED physician's knowledge of the appropriate management of luxations and avulsions was generally good, but poor for dental fractures. The MED physician's knowledge for the emergent nature of the various injuries was generally good with that of avulsions being the best. Physicians were more likely to have a better knowledge of managing dental trauma if they were specialists in pediatric emergency medicine (P = 0.001) or their hospitals had an academic affiliation (P = 0.05).ConclusionsBased on the findings from this study, educational campaigns must be undertaken to improve both the resources available to the ED, and the knowledge of physicians regarding emergency management of TDI. In addition, efforts should be made by local dental organizations to provide ED with lists of dentists who are knowledgeable and willing to be available 24 h day−1 to consult with and, if necessary, treat TDI. These efforts would enhance the long‐term outcomes for patients sustaining dental trauma who present to hospital ED.
Effect of the phenolic compounds apigenin and carnosic acid on oral carcinogenesis in hamster induced by DMBA
Authors: Gómez‐García FJ , López‐Jornet MP , Álvarez‐Sánchez N , Castillo‐Sánchez J , Benavente‐García O , Vicente Ortega V 
Published: July 2012

ObjectiveTo investigate oral carcinogenesis in hamster induced by the topical application of 7,12‐dimethyl benzanthracene (DMBA) to evaluate the different lesions produced and the possible preventive effects of the phenolic compounds apigenin (flavone) and carnosic acid (diterpene).Materials and methodsThirty‐two Syrian hamsters were divided into three groups: I: 0.5% DMBA (n = 12); II: 0.5% DMBA + potassium apigenin (n = 8); III: 0.5% DMBA + carnosic acid (n = 12). All the animals were sacrificed after 11 weeks, and a macroscopic and light microscopic study was made of the lesions.ResultsThe largest number of neoplasms, showing the most aggressive biological behavior, corresponded to the control group. The group treated with potassium apigenin ranked second in tumor incidence, although the tumors were not very aggressive behavior. In the group treated with carnosic acid, only one malignancy was recorded, showing the smallest volume of all the recorded tumor lesions.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that both potassium apigenin and carnosic acid have chemoprotective effects against carcinogenesis induced by DMBA in hamster.