bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projectors on the Generalized Eigenspaces for Neutral Functional Differential Equations in Lp Spaces
Authors: Ducrot Arnaud , Liu Zhihua , Magal Pierre 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe present the explicit formulas for the projectors on the generalized eigenspaces associated with some eigenvalues for linear neutral functional differential equations (NFDE) in Lp spaces by using integrated semigroup theory. The analysis is based on the main result established elsewhere by the authors and results by Magal and Ruan on non-densely defined Cauchy problem. We formulate the NFDE as a non-densely defined Cauchy problem and obtain some spectral properties from which we then derive explicit formulas for the projectors on the generalized eigenspaces associated with some eigenvalues. Such explicit formulas are important in studying bifurcations in some semi-linear problems.
Cooperative Activation in the Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution of Epoxides by a Bis‐Cobalt(III)salen‐Calix[4]arene Hybrid
Authors: Wezenberg Sander J. , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA chiral, bimetallic cobalt(III)salen‐calix[4]arene hybrid structure was prepared and tested in the hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) of racemic epoxides. Kinetic studies have revealed that the two catalytic units on the upper rim of the calixarene scaffold are able to activate the reactants in a cooperative and primarily intramolecular mode. High enantioselective behaviour was observed and besides, a higher stability was found for the bimetallic catalyst as compared to a monometallic reference complex.
The inhibitory effects of rosiglitazone on cardiac hypertrophy through modulating the renin‐angiotensin system in diet‐induced hypercholesterolemic rats
Authors: Ren Liqun , Li Yingjuan , Li Yanzhi , Tang Rining , Hu Dingbo , Sheng Zulong , Liu Naifeng 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCardiac hypertrophy is not only an adaptational state before heart failure but also is an independent risk factor for ischemia, arrhythmia, and sudden death. However, the direct effects of hypercholesterolemia on the myocardium and mechanisms are not completely understood. It has been demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ) ligand agonists attenuate cardiac hypertrophy through anti‐inflammatory effects. The present study investigated the effects of PPARγ agonists on hypercholesterolemia‐dependent, renin‐angiotensin‐system‐related cardiac hypertrophy. The findings showed that left ventricular hypertrophy, eminent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and lipid deposits in myocardium were observed in the rats fed a cholesterol‐rich diet for 6 months, while these characteristic pathological alterations and the increase in angiotensin II (ANG II) level and over‐expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) in the left ventricular tissues induced by the cholesterol‐rich diet were significantly suppressed to equal extents by rosiglitazone and irbesartan. In contrast, expression of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) was upregulated by these two drugs. In addition, lipid metabolism was markedly improved. The above findings suggest that the cardioprotection of the PPARγ agonist against cardiac hypertrophy evoked by hypercholesterolemia in rats is mediated partially by the improvement of lipid profile, the reduction of ANG II level in the local tissue along with the downregulation of AT1R expression, and upregulation of AT2R expression. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Primary Alcohols with 2‐Alkynes Leading to Hydroacylation Products
Authors: Hatanaka Shintaro , Obora Yasushi , Ishii Yasutaka 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA novel iridium‐catalyzed intermolecular coupling reaction of primary alcohols or aldehydes with 2‐alkynes was successfully achieved with high regioselectivity to give hydroacylation products such as α,β‐unsaturated ketones in good yields. The mechanistic investigation of the reaction strongly indicated that the coupling proceeds through the initial formation of homoallylic alcohols followed by dehydrogenation to β,γ‐unsatutated ketones and then isomerisation, which leads to the hydroacylation products.
Quantitative assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal muscle function, and body composition in adults with primary malignant glioma
Authors: Jones Lee W. , Friedman Allan H. , West Miranda J. , Mabe Stephanie K. , Fraser Jennifer , Kraus William E. , Friedman Henry S. , Tresch Maura I. , Major Nancy , Reardon David A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The study was undertaken to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal muscle function, and body composition of patients with newly diagnosed and untreated, postsurgical primary malignant glioma.METHODS:By using a cross‐sectional design, patients with clinically stable (10 ± 7 days postsurgery) high‐grade glioma (HGG; n = 25) or low‐grade glioma (LGG; n = 10) were studied. Participants performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) with expired gas analysis to assess cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen consumption, VO2peak). Other physiological outcomes included skeletal muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA; magnetic resonance imaging), isokinetic muscle strength (isokinetic dynamometer), and body composition (air displacement plethysmography). Quality of life was assessed with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Brain scale.RESULTS:CPET was a feasible and safe procedure to assess VO2peak, with no serious adverse events. VO2peak indexed to total body weight and lean body mass (LBM) for both groups was 13.0 mL · weight · min−1 and 19 mL · LBM · min−1, the equivalent to 59% and 38% below age‐ and sex‐predicted normative values, respectively. Skeletal muscle strength and mid‐thigh CSA were lower in HGG relative to LGG patients (83 vs 125 Nm, P = .025; 94 vs 119 cm2, P = .171, respectively). Skeletal muscle isokinetic strength, CSA, and body composition outcomes predicted VO2peak (r = −0.59 to 0.68, P < .05).CONCLUSIONS:Postsurgical glioma patients have markedly reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, isokinetic strength, and CSA. Prospective studies are now required to determine whether such abnormalities influence treatment toxicity and clinical outcome as well as to test the effect of appropriately selected interventions to prevent and/or mitigate dysfunction. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Chemoenzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Alcohols and Amines
Authors: Lee Jin Hee , Han Kiwon , Kim Mahn‐Joo , Park Jaiwook 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) is an attractive process for the transformation of racemic mixtures into optically active compounds. For successful DKR, efficient racemization is required while the kinetic resolution is proceeding. This Microreview mainly summarizes the recent developments in the DKR of alcohols and amines, based on metal‐catalyzed racemization and enzymatic acylation in a single reaction vessel. Related reactions involving precursors of alcohols and amines such as ketones, enol acetates, and ketoximes are also described. Reaction conditions are arranged according to racemization catalysts, and substrates employed in the DKR are tabulated. Suggested mechanisms for metal‐catalyzed racemizations are also summarized.
Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding – a European perspective. A review.
Authors: Franz C. , Baser KHC , Windisch W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe last two decades have seen a substantial increase in the use of aromatic herbs and essential oils as feed additives in animal nutrition. One of the main reasons for this trend is to substitute antibiotic growth promoters, which have been completely banned as feed additives in the European Union since 2006 because they are suspected of contributing substantially to increasing resistance among human pathogens. Recent investigations have shown significant antimicrobial effects of several essential oils and essential oil compounds against enteropathogenic organisms in farm animals. Porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by specific Escherichia coli strains could be controlled by in‐feed application of carvacrol‐rich essential oils, and the effect of some essential oil components against Clostridium perfringens and necrotic enteritis was confirmed in poultry. In ruminants, an improvement of the digestion was observed, resulting in reduced methanogenesis and nitrogen excretion. In addition, the antioxidative activity of aromatic plants and essential oil compounds contributes to the stability and palatability of animal feed and has, moreover, resulted in an improved shelf‐life and quality of animal products, due to reduced oxidation. The ‘growth‐promoting effect’ of essential oils (feed conversion rate, daily weight gain, etc.) is not as evident, since a large number of publications are (commercial) product‐driven, lacking data on the starting material. Nonetheless, the overall efficacy of essential oils and aromatic herbs, especially their non‐nutritive value with impact on the health status and benefit of animals and humans (via the food chain), is encouraging further research and development in this field. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence and circumstances of cervical hematoma complicating thyroidectomy and its relationship to postoperative vomiting
Authors: Bononi Marco , Bonapasta Stefano Amore , Vari Alessandra , Scarpini Massimo , De Cesare Alessandro , Miccini Michelangelo , Meucci Massimo , Tocchi Adriano 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground.Cervical hematoma is hardly a predictable complication of thyroid surgery. Postoperative vomiting has been reported as a likely risk factor.Methods.Five hundred sixty‐two patients undergoing thyroidectomy were prospectively enrolled in the study and divided into 2 groups. Patients in group A received ondansetron to prevent postoperative vomiting. In group B, patients with low vomiting risk received ondansetron whereas patients at high risk received ondansetron plus dexamethasone. Postoperative outcomes of the groups were analyzed and compared.Results.Cervical hematomas developed in 3 patients (0.53%): 2 in group A and 1 in group B. All hematomas occurred after 6 hours. The incidence of postoperative vomiting was 11.4% in group A and 6.4% in group B (p = .04).Conclusion.Careful hemostasis remains of prime importance in preventing cervical hematoma. Postoperative vomiting has not been confirmed by this study as a risk factor for the development of hematoma. Ambulatory thyroid surgery is not advisable. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
High circulating levels of N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide and interleukin 6 in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Antonelli Alessandro , Ferri Clodoveo , Ferrari Silvia Martina , Ghiri Emiliano , Galetta Fabio , Franzoni Ferdinando , Santoro Gino , Fallahi Poupak 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMany patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia and chronic HCV infection experience symptoms, such as dyspnea, which sometimes do not seem to indicate the involvement of the liver but rather the symptoms of heart failure. To our knowledge, there has been no other study evaluating the serum levels of N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) and Interleukin 6 (IL‐6) in such patients. Serum NTproBNP and IL‐6 were assayed in 54 patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia and chronic HCV infection, and in 54 sex‐ and age‐matched controls. Cryoglobulinemic‐patients showed significantly higher mean NTproBNP and IL‐6 levels than the controls (P = 0.005). By defining a high NTproBNP level as a value higher than 125 pg/ml (the single cut‐off point for patients under 75 years of age), 30% of patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia and chronic HCV infection and 7% of controls had high NTproBNP (chi‐square; P < 0.003). With a cut‐off point of 300 pg/ml (used to rule out heart failure in patients under 75 years of age), 5/49 patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia and chronic HCV infection and 0/54 controls had high NTproBNP (chi‐square; P < 0.04). With a cut‐off point of 900 pg/ml (used for including heart failure in patients aged between 50 and 75, such as the patients in this study) 3/51 of patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia and chronic HCV infection and 0/54 controls had high NTproBNP (chi‐square; P = 0.07). The study revealed high levels of circulating NTproBNP and IL‐6 in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia and chronic HCV infection. The increase in NTproBNP could indicate the presence of a subclinical cardiac dysfunction. J. Med. Virol. 82:297–303, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No evidence of porcine endogenous retrovirus in patients with type 1 diabetes after long‐term porcine islet xenotransplantation
Authors: Valdes‐Gonzalez Rafael , Dorantes Luis M. , Bracho‐Blanchet Eduardo , Rodríguez‐Ventura Ana , DJG White 
Published: December 2009

AbstractXenotransplantation is a promising alternative for donor shortage to ameliorate physiologic and metabolic disorders. The major concern for xenotransplant is the risk of zoonosis mainly by the porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), presentation in the piglet genome. Twenty‐three patients with type 1 diabetes were transplanted with porcine islets using collagen‐generating devices which were implanted subcutaneously in the anterior wall of the abdomen. Clinical characteristics and metabolic tests were recorded in each visit. They were tested for PERV using PCR and RT‐PCR from blood pretransplantation and every 3 months during a 4.6‐ to 8‐year follow‐up after their first xenotransplant. Tests by PCR of every DNA sample (780 samples) revealed that there was no PERV infection in the DNA of white cells. No evidence of PERV activation was found in this group of patients with type 1 diabetes during clinical long‐term follow‐up. J. Med. Virol. 82:331–334, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular detection and characterization of noroviruses from children in Botswana
Authors: Mattison Kirsten , Sebunya Teresa K. , Shukla Anu , Noliwe Lebani N. , Bidawid Sabah 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStool specimens were collected from 100 children in Botswana. RT‐PCR analysis detected noroviruses (NoVs) in 24% of samples tested. Genogroup I and genogroup II strains were identified. There was no association between NoV detection and age or gender. This study is the first indication that NoVs circulate widely in Botswana. J. Med. Virol. 82:321–324, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentiation and behavior of human neural progenitors on micropatterned substrates and in the developing retina
Authors: Blong Christopher C. , Jeon Chang‐Jin , Yeo Ji‐Youn , Ye Eun‐Ah , Oh Jisun , Callahan John M. , Law William D. , Mallapragada Surya K. , Sakaguchi Donald S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this study we investigated the differentiation of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) in vitro to evaluate their differentiation potential and in vivo to explore their viability and behavior following transplantation. Progenitors were maintained as neurospheres in media containing basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor. Micropatterned polystyrene substrates were fabricated and coated with ECL (entactin, collagen, and laminin) to provide physical and chemical guidance during the differentiation of the hNPCs. The hNPCs growing on the micropatterned substrates showed no differences in proliferation or differentiation potential compared with those hNPCs growing on the nonpatterned substrates. However, hNPCs cultured on the micropatterned substrates were aligned in the direction of the micropattern compared with those cells growing on the nonpatterned substrates. Furthermore, hNPC migration was directed in alignment with the micropatterned substrates. Transplantation of the hNPCs into the developing retina was used to evaluate their behavior in vivo. Cells displayed extensive survival, differentiation, and morphological integration following xenotransplant into the retina, even in the absence of immunosuppression. Taken together, our results show that these multipotent hNPCs are a neurogenic progenitor population that can be maintained in culture for extended periods. Although the micropatterned substrates have no major effect on the proliferation or differentiation of the hNPCs, they clearly promoted alignment and directed neurite outgrowth along the pattern as well as directing migration of the cells. These approaches may provide important strategies to guide the growth and differentiation of NPCs in vitro and in vivo. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organometallic‐Mediated Radical Polymerization: Developing Well‐Defined Complexes for Reversible Transition Metal‐Alkyl Bond Homolysis
Authors: Smith Kevin M. , McNeil W. Stephen , Abd‐El‐Aziz Alaa S. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOrganometallic‐mediated radical polymerization (OMRP) has emerged as a powerful new class of living controlled radical polymerization. In order to fulfill its potential in the polymerization of vinyl acetate (VOAc) and other challenging monomers, the effects of ancillary ligands on the metal‐alkyl bond dissociation energy in OMRP reagents must be thoroughly explored. Recent results investigating structure‐activity relationships in well‐defined cobalt, iron and chromium complexes will be discussed. The involvement of radical intermediates in oxidative addition of secondary alkyls for catalytic cross‐coupling reactions catalyzed by first row transition metals will also be examined for relevant design concepts.magnified image
Geodesic finite elements for Cosserat rods
Authors: Sander Oliver 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe introduce geodesic finite elements as a new way to discretize the non‐linear configuration space of a geometrically exact Cosserat rod. These geodesic finite elements naturally generalize standard one‐dimensional finite elements to spaces of functions with values in a Riemannian manifold. For the special orthogonal group, our approach reproduces the interpolation formulas of Crisfield and Jelenić. Geodesic finite elements are conforming and lead to objective and path‐independent problem formulations. We introduce geodesic finite elements for general Riemannian manifolds, discuss the relationship between geodesic finite elements and coefficient vectors, and estimate the interpolation error. Then we use them to find static equilibria of hyperelastic Cosserat rods. Using the Riemannian trust‐region algorithm of Absil et al. we show numerically that the discretization error depends optimally on the mesh size. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caenorhabditis elegans proteomics comes of age
Authors: Shim Yhong‐Hee , Paik Young‐Ki 
Published: December 2009

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans, a free‐living soil nematode, is an ideal model system for studying various physiological problems relevant to human diseases. Despite its short history, C. elegans proteomics is receiving great attention in multiple research areas, including the genome annotation, major signaling pathways (e.g. TGF‐β and insulin/IGF‐1 signaling), verification of RNA interference‐mediated gene targeting, aging, disease models, as well as peptidomic analysis of neuropeptides involved in behavior and locomotion. For example, a proteome‐wide profiling of developmental and aging processes not only provides basic information necessary for constructing a molecular network, but also identifies important target proteins for chemical modulation. Although C. elegans has a simple body system and neural circuitry, it exhibits very complicated functions ranging from feeding to locomotion. Investigation of these functions through proteomic analysis of various C. elegans neuropeptides, some of which are not found in the predicted genome sequence, would open a new field of peptidomics. Given the importance of nematode infection in plants and mammalian pathogenesis pathways, proteomics could be applied to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying plant– or animal–nematode pathogenesis and to identify novel antinematodal drugs. Thus, C. elegans proteomics, in combination of other molecular, biological and genetic techniques, would provide a versatile new tool box for the systematic analysis of gene functions throughout the entire life cycle of this nematode.
Advantages of a Pulsed Electrical Excitation Mode on the Corrosion Performance of Organosilicon Thin Films Deposited on Aluminium Foil by Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge
Authors: Boscher Nicolas D. , Choquet Patrick , Duday David , Verdier Stéphane 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAtmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge deposition of organosilicon thin films on aluminium foils was investigated for different electrical excitations. The plasma reactor was fed with nitrogen and hexamethyldisiloxane as film precursor. Scanning electron microscopy observations and secondary ion mass spectrometry associated with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed how the modulation of the electrical excitation can affect the morphology and the chemistry of the coatings. The corrosion behaviour of the films obtained was characterised by means of electrochemical techniques. Relationships between the electrical excitation and the electrochemical properties of the films are reported and these results have been correlated with the morphology and chemistry modifications of the films.magnified image
Axial behavior of concrete‐filled carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer composite columns
Authors: Kim Heecheul , Lee Kyoung Hun , Lee Young Hak , Lee Junbok 
Published: December 2009

AbstractConcrete‐filled carbon fibre‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite columns without longitudinal and transverse reinforcing steels were tested to perform both experimental and analytical investigations of the axial behaviour of circular columns confined with CFRP composite tubes. The tubes were manufactured by wrapping the CFRP sheets with 90° + 90°, 90° ± 75°, 90° ± 60°, 90° ± 45°, 90° ± 30° wrapping angles with respect to longitudinal axis of the tube. Monotonic axial loads were applied to the gauge‐instrumented concrete‐filled CFRP tubes. The effects of fibre‐wrapping angle, thickness of tube, as well as transverse dilation on stress–strain relationships of the confined columns, were identified and discussed. Proposed models to predict both the strength and the ductility of columns confined with CFRP composite tubes show good agreement with the test results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some Parameters of Correlated Current and Radiated Field Pulses from Lightning to the Gaisberg Tower
Authors: Pichler Hannes , Diendorfer Gerhard , Mair Martin 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSimultaneous measurements of lightning current and associated radiated electromagnetic field are of fundamental interest for various applications in lightning research. These data can be used for the evaluation of return stroke (RS) models or to investigate the so‐called tower effect when lightning hits an elevated object. In this paper, we show the results of simultaneous measurements of current pulses from lightning strikes on the instrumented Gaisberg tower (Austria) and the correlated vertical E‐field components at a distance of 78.8 and 108.7 km, respectively. We have analyzed some main lightning current parameters (peak current Ip, 30–90% rise time TI_30‐90, and full width at half maximum TI_FWHM and the time‐correlated field waveform parameters (Ep, 30–90% rise time TE_30‐90, TE_FWHM, and the peak‐to‐zero time TE_PTZ. With a geometric mean of TI_FWHM = 19 μs and Ip = 9.6 kA (N = 73) of the RS current pulses used in this study, those strokes are very similar to the strokes in triggered lightning in Florida and Alabama1. With a TE_PTZ of about 10 µs, the zero‐crossing time of the radiated E‐fields from the tower strokes are significantly shorter than the typical values of 30 − 40 µs (e.g.2). Correlation between the current and field parameters TI_FWHM versus TE_FWHM and TE_PTZ, respectively, is low (R2 = 0.29 and 0.14). We assume that the relatively short lightning channel in the case of the RSs in object‐triggered upward flashes is the main reason for the observed short zero‐crossing time. Copyright © 2010 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.