bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant auditory metabolite levels and topological properties are associated with cognitive decline in presbycusis patients
Authors: Wang Yao , Wang Shuya , Li Ning , Gao Yuting , Su Meixia , Li Wenqing , Zhao Min , Hu Xin , Ren Fuxin , Li Xiao , Gao Fei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Presbycusis has been reported as related to cognitive decline, but its underlying neurophysiological mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between metabolite levels, cognitive function, and node characteristics in presbycusis based on graph theory methods. Eighty-four elderly individuals with presbycusis and 63 age-matched normal hearing controls underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy, functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, audiological assessment, and cognitive assessment. Compared with the normal hearing group, presbycusis patients exhibited reduced gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate levels in the auditory region, increased nodal characteristics in the temporal lobe and precuneus, as well as decreased nodal characteristics in the superior occipital gyrus and medial orbital. The right gamma-aminobutyric acid levels were negatively correlated with the degree centrality in the right precuneus and the executive function. Degree centrality in the right precuneus exhibited significant correlations with information processing speed and executive function, while degree centrality in the left medial orbital demonstrated a negative association with speech recognition ability. The degree centrality and node efficiency in the superior occipital gyrus exhibited a negative association with hearing loss and speech recognition ability, respectively. These observed changes indicate alterations in metabolite levels and reorganization patterns at the brain network level after auditory deprivation.
Development and Validation of a Simple High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Detection Method for Simultaneous Quantitation of First-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs in Formulations of Fixed-Dose Combination
Authors: Vilvamani Sudha , Mahalingam Santhanamahalingam , Nhavilthodi Sruthi , Murugesan Dharman , Jeyakumar Shanmugam Murugaiha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The current treatment protocol for drug-sensitive tuberculosis involves all four first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs: rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol hydrochloride in a single tablet, known as fixed-dose combination tablets. However, the analytical methods are scanty to test all these drugs simultaneously in a single run without any pre-sample process or using a simple method suitable for resource-limited settings. In this method, 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer containing 0.2% triethylamine (without pH adjustment) added with acetonitrile (98:2, v/v) was served as mobile phase A, while mobile phase B was 100% acetonitrile. All four drugs were separated within 10.3 min using a gradient mobile phase program in a C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 μm) and detected at two ultraviolet wavelengths (238 nm for rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide, and 210 nm for ethambutol hydrochloride). The method was selective, sensitive and linear with a correlation coefficient &gt;0.999 with the acceptable precision and accuracy (&lt;2% relative standard deviation) for all four drugs. In conclusion, the method is simple and it does not require any pH adjustment of the buffer/mobile phase, and within 11 min, the separation of all four drugs can be achieved. Overall, the method is suitable for quality testing of fixed-dose combination tablets in limited-resource settings.
European Society of Endocrinology and Endocrine Society Joint Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and therapy of glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Beuschlein Felix , Else Tobias , Bancos Irina , Hahner Stefanie , Hamidi Oksana , van Hulsteijn Leonie , Husebye Eystein S , Karavitaki Niki , Prete Alessandro , Vaidya Anand , Yedinak Christine , Dekkers Olaf M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widely prescribed as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents. This results in at least 1% of the population using chronic glucocorticoid therapy, being at risk for glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency. This risk is dependent on the dose, duration and potency of the glucocorticoid, route of administration, and individual susceptibility. Once glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency develops or is suspected, it necessitates careful education and management of affected patients. Tapering glucocorticoids can be challenging when symptoms of glucocorticoid withdrawal develop, which overlap with those of adrenal insufficiency. In general, tapering of glucocorticoids can be more rapidly within a supraphysiological range, followed by a slower taper when on physiological glucocorticoid dosing. The degree and persistence of HPA axis suppression after cessation of glucocorticoid therapy are dependent on overall exposure and recovery of adrenal function varies greatly amongst individuals. This first European Society of Endocrinology/Endocrine Society joint clinical practice guideline provides guidance on this clinically relevant condition to aid clinicians involved in the care of patients on chronic glucocorticoid therapy.
The impact of the English national health inequalities strategy on inequalities in mortality at age 65: a time-trend analysis
Authors: Bennett Natalie C , Norman Paul , Albani Viviana , Kingston Andrew , Bambra Clare 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
During the 1997–2010 Labour government, several policies were implemented to narrow health inequalities as part of a national health inequalities strategy. Many of these policies are likely to have had a disproportionately large impact on people aged 65 and over. We aimed to understand the association between the health inequalities strategy period and inequalities in mortality at age 65–69.

Methods
We use population at risk and mortality data covering 1991–2019 to calculate mortality rate at age 65–69 at the Local Authority level. We use the 2019 Index of Multiple Deprivation to examine geographical inequalities. We employ segmented linear regression models with marginal spline terms for the strategy period and interact these with an indicator of deprivation to understand how inequalities changed before, during and after the strategy. The reporting of this study adheres to STROBE guidelines.

Results
Mortality rates in each deprivation quintile improved continuously throughout the period of study. Prior to the programme (1991–9) there was no significant change in absolute inequalities. However, during the strategy (2000–10) there was a significant decrease in absolute inequalities of −9.66 (−17.48 to −1.84). The period following the strategy (2011–19) was associated with a significant increase in absolute inequalities of 12.84 (6.60 to 19.08). Our results were robust to a range of sensitivity tests.

Conclusion
The English health inequalities strategy was associated with a significant reduction in absolute inequality in mortality age 65–69. Future strategies to address inequalities in ageing populations may benefit from adopting a similar approach.
Genome divergence and reproductive incompatibility among populations of Ganaspis near brasiliensis
Authors: Hopper Keith R , Wang Xingeng , Kenis Marc , Seehausen M Lukas , Abram Paul K , Daane Kent M , Buffington Matthew L , Hoelmer Kim A , Kingham Brewster F , Shevchenko Olga , Bernberg Erin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
During the last decade, the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, has spread from eastern Asia to the Americas, Europe, and Africa. This fly attacks many species of cultivated and wild fruits with soft, thin skins, where its serrated ovipositor allows it to lay eggs in undamaged fruit. Parasitoids from the native range of D. suzukii may provide sustainable management of this polyphagous pest. Among these parasitoids, host-specificity testing has revealed a lineage of Ganaspis near brasiliensis, referred to in this paper as G1, that appears to be a cryptic species more host-specific to D. suzukii than other parasitoids. Differentiation among cryptic species is critical for introduction and subsequent evaluation of their impact on D. suzukii. Here, we present results on divergence in genomic sequences and architecture and reproductive isolation between lineages of Ganaspis near brasiliensis that appear to be cryptic species. We studied five populations, two from China, two from Japan, and one from Canada, identified as the G1 vs G3 lineages based on differences in cytochrome oxidase l sequences. We assembled and annotated the genomes of these populations and analyzed divergences in sequence and genome architecture between them. We also report results from crosses to test reproductive compatibility between the G3 lineage from China and the G1 lineage from Japan. The combined results on sequence divergence, differences in genome architectures, ortholog divergence, reproductive incompatibility, differences in host ranges and microhabitat preferences, and differences in morphology show that these lineages are different species. Thus, the decision to evaluate the lineages separately and only import and introduce the more host-specific lineage to North America and Europe was appropriate.
Inter3D: Capture of TAD Reorganization Endows Variant Patterns of Gene Transcription
Authors: Ding Tianyi , Fu Shaliu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Yang Fan , Zhang Jixing , Xu Haowen , Yang Jiaqi , Chen Chaoqun , Shi Yibing , Bai Yiran , Li Wannian , Chang Xindi , Wang Shanjin , Zhang Chao , Liu Qi , Zhang He 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Topologically associating domain (TAD) reorganization commonly occurs in the cell nucleus and contributes to gene activation and inhibition through the separation or fusion of adjacent TADs. However, functional genes impacted by TAD alteration and the underlying mechanism of TAD reorganization regulating gene transcription remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we first developed a novel approach termed Inter3D to specifically identify genes regulated by TAD reorganization. Our study revealed that the segregation of TADs led to the disruption of intrachromosomal looping at the myosin light chain 12B (MYL12B) locus, via the meticulous reorganization of TADs mediating epigenomic landscapes within tumor cells, thereby exhibiting a significant correlation with the down-regulation of its transcriptional activity. Conversely, the fusion of TADs facilitated intrachromosomal interactions, suggesting a potential association with the activation of cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1 (CYP27B1). Our study provides comprehensive insight into the capture of TAD rearrangement-mediated gene loci and moves toward understanding the functional role of TAD reorganization in gene transcription. The Inter3D pipeline developed in this study is freely available at https://github.com/bm2-lab/inter3D and https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/biocode/tool/BT7399.
Infliximab Tissue Concentrations in Patients With Stable Ulcerative Colitis Are Correlated With More Durable Infliximab-associated Disease Remission
Authors: Choi John , Wang Qian , Beaton Melanie , Kim Richard B , Khanna Reena , Wilson Aze 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
We aimed to determine the correlation between tissue and plasma infliximab concentrations in an outpatient ulcerative colitis (UC) cohort based on histologic disease activity in addition to their relationship with long-term clinical outcomes. We assessed intraparticipant variability in infliximab concentrations between adjacent intestinal samples and the correlation between disease activity and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted in participants with UC receiving infliximab. Blood and 2 sigmoid colon biopsies were obtained at the index colonoscopy for infliximab and TNF-α quantification. Histological disease activity was assessed. Participants were followed for 2 years for the occurrence of hospitalization, surgery, disease relapse, and infliximab discontinuation.

Results
A positive correlation was observed between mean plasma and uninflamed tissue infliximab concentrations only (Rs = 0.75, P = .0071). Lower mean tissue infliximab concentrations correlated with a shorter time to disease relapse vs those with higher mean tissue concentrations (Rs = 0.77, P = .032). This was not seen when using plasma infliximab concentrations. Additionally, no significant intraparticipant variability of infliximab concentrations was observed for all participants independent of disease activity. Neither plasma nor tissue TNF-α correlated with disease activity.

Conclusions
These findings support data generated in patients with Crohn’s disease: plasma infliximab concentrations are reflective of infliximab exposure in tissue in the UC patient in remission, but not for those with active disease. Increasing tissue concentrations in the noninflamed tissues may improve durability of infliximab. Neither plasma nor tissue TNF-α appear to correlate with UC disease activity. Larger follow-up studies would be of benefit.
Genetic divergence and adaptation of an isolated European lobster population in the Netherlands
Authors: Ellis Charlie D , Paris Josephine R , Jenkins Tom L , van Stralen Marnix R , Steins Nathalie A , Schotanus Jildou , Stevens Jamie R 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Identifying isolated populations is a key step towards enacting effective conservation management. European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) from Oosterschelde in the Netherlands are subject to fishery pressure and have previously been reported as genetically differentiated. They are also putatively of transplanted origin and have subsequently endured recent bottlenecking and environmental change. We assessed Oosterschelde lobsters to evaluate their demographic independence and appraise potential founder effects and evolutionary responses to isolation. Using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing, we genotyped 6185 single nucleotide polymorphisms across 188 individuals from 27 sites across the Atlantic range of H. gammarus to investigate population genetic diversity, structure, and potential adaptation. Our results show that Oosterschelde lobsters are genetically divergent from other stocks. We evidence extensive differentiation via both neutral and outlier loci, indicative of strong biophysical and demographic isolation, and detect signatures of reduced genetic diversity that may reflect weak founder effects or subsequent population contractions. Among outlier loci, we identify candidates for range-wide local adaptation via variants in genes of important biological functionality and link a private allele of Oosterschelde to a locus potentially conveying adaptive tolerance to environmental hypoxia. Given our findings, we advise proactive monitoring of Oosterschelde lobsters to explore whether existing management measures effectively conserve this discrete, self-recruiting population.
Characterization of Treatment Resistance and Viral Kinetics in the Setting of Single-Active Versus Dual-Active Monoclonal Antibodies Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Authors: Choudhary Manish C , Deo Rinki , Evering Teresa H , Chew Kara W , Giganti Mark J , Moser Carlee , Ritz Justin , Regan James , Flynn James P , Crain Charles R , Wohl David Alain , Currier Judith S , Eron Joseph J , Margolis David , Zhu Qing , Zhon Lijie , Ya Li , Greninger Alexander L , Hughes Michael D , Smith Davey , Daar Eric S , Li Jonathan Z 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a crucial antiviral strategy for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but it is unclear whether combination mAbs offer a benefit over single-active mAb treatment. Amubarvimab and romlusevimab significantly reduced the risk of hospitalizations or death in the ACTIV-2/A5401 trial. Certain SARS-CoV-2 variants are intrinsically resistant against romlusevimab, leading to only single-active mAb therapy with amubarvimab in these variants. We evaluated virologic outcomes in individuals treated with single- versus dual-active mAbs.

Methods
Participants were nonhospitalized adults at higher risk of clinical progression randomized to amubarvimab plus romlusevimab or placebo. Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels and targeted S-gene next-generation sequencing was performed on anterior nasal samples. We compared viral load kinetics and resistance emergence between individuals treated with effective single- versus dual-active mAbs depending on the infecting variant.

Results
Study participants receiving single- or dual-active mAbs had similar demographics, baseline nasal viral load, symptom score, and symptom duration. Compared with single-active mAb treatment, treatment with dual-active mAbs led to faster viral load decline at study days 3 (P &lt; .001) and 7 (P &lt; .01). Treatment-emergent resistance mutations were more likely to be detected after amubarvimab plus romlusevimab treatment than with placebo (2.6% vs 0%; P &lt; .001) and were more frequently detected in the setting of single-active compared with dual-active mAb treatment (7.3% vs 1.1%; P &lt; .01). Single-active and dual-active mAb treatment resulted in similar decrease in rates of hospitalizations or death.

Conclusions
Compared with single-active mAb therapy, dual-active mAbs led to similar clinical outcomes but significantly faster viral load decline and a lower risk of emergent resistance.
Risk factors and circulation pattern of respiratory syncytial virus in children under 2 years in Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Pale Mirela , Tivane Almiro , Gils Tinne , Bauhofer Adilson , Nguenha Neuza , Machalele Loira , Gundane Félix , Marrurele Aunésia , Salência Judite , Muteto Délcio , Chalufo-Chilundo Josina , Siqueira Marilda , Mussá Tufária 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Evidence on risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in low-resource settings is limited. In Mozambican children &lt;2 y of age with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), we explored risk factors for RSV, described its seasonal variation and assessed associations between RSV and a life-threatening condition.

Methods
We retrospectively included participants presenting in 2017–2018 in two hospitals in Maputo. RSV was detected and subtyped using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swabs. We used logistic regression and χ2 tests to assess associations and Spearman's correlation coefficient to assess the correlation between weather measurement and RSV positivity.

Results
RSV was detected in 23.1% (n=109) of 472 included children and in 50.0% (20/40) of those &lt;3 months old. Being &lt;3 months (vs &gt;1 y) was associated with RSV (adjusted odds ratio 4.3 [95% confidence interval 2.1–8.5]). RSV status was not associated with experiencing a life-threatening condition. RSV A and B co-circulated during the study period, but one type predominated in each year. In 2017, the RSV positivity rate was correlated with monthly average temperature (r=0.793, p=0.002) and precipitation (r=0.596, p=0.041).

Conclusions
In Mozambican children with SARI, RSV was prevalent, especially in neonates. However, RSV was not associated with a life-threatening condition.
Methane output across life stages in sheep, how it differs from lambs to adult ewes using portable accumulation chambers
Authors: Connor Edel O' , McHugh Nóirín , Dunne Eoin , Boland Tommy M , Walsh Henry , Galvin Norann , McGovern Fiona M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Methane (CH4) produced from enteric fermentation is a potent greenhouse gas produced by ruminant animals. Multiple measurements are required across life stages to develop an understanding of how CH4 output changes throughout the animal’s lifetime. The objectives of the current study were to estimate CH4 output across life stages in sheep and to investigate the relationship between CH4 output and dry matter (DM) intake (DMI). Data were generated on a total of 266 female Suffolk and Texel animals. Methane and carbon dioxide (CO2) output, estimated using portable accumulation chambers, and DMI, estimated using the n-alkane technique outdoors and using individual penning indoors, were quantified across the animal’s life stage; as lambs (&lt;12 mo), nulliparous hoggets (12 to 24 mo) and ewes (primiparous or greater; &gt; 24 mo). Ewes were further classified as pregnant, lactating, and dry (non-pregnant and non-lactating). Multiple measurements were taken within and across the life stages of the same animals. A linear mixed model was used to determine if CH4 and CO2 output differed across life stages and using a separate linear mixed model the factors associated with CH4 output within each life stage were also investigated. Methane, CO2 output, and DMI differed by life stage (P &lt; 0.05), with lactating ewes producing the greatest amount of CH4 (25.99 g CH4/d) and CO2 (1711.6 g CO2/d), while also having the highest DMI (2.18 kg DM/d). Methane output differed by live-weight of the animals across all life stages (P &lt; 0.001). As ewe body condition score increased CH4 output declined (P &lt; 0.05). Correlations between CH4 output measured across life stages ranged from 0.26 (SE 0.08; lambs and lactating ewes) to 0.59 (SE 0.06; hoggets and pregnant ewes), while correlations between CO2 output measured across life stages ranged from 0.12 (SE 0.06; lambs and hoggets) to 0.65 (SE 0.06; hoggets and lactating ewes). DMI was moderately correlated with CH4 (0.44; SE 0.04) and CO2 output (0.59; SE 0.03). Results from this study provide estimates of CH4 output across life stages in a pasture-based sheep production system and offer valuable information for the national inventory and the marginal abatement cost curve on the optimum time to target mitigation strategies.
Evaluation of lauric acid enhancement of black soldier fly larvae from coconut
Authors: Gatlin Delbert M , Carvalho Pedro L Pucci Figueiredo De , Flint Casey , Miranda Chelsea , Tomberlin Jeffery K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The current study evaluated the potential enhancement of lauric acid (LA) in black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae (BSFL), a source of this short-chain fatty acid which has antimicrobial and immunostimulatory properties. Replicate groups of BSFL were reared on either the coconut or Gainesville diet for 7 days. After the rearing period, BSFL were harvested, purged, dried, and subjected to proximate, fatty acid and amino acid compositions, and pepsin digestibility analyses. Results demonstrate changes in proximate composition. BSFL reared on the coconut had significantly (P = 0.002) higher lipid content (47.3% vs. 25.2%) on a dry-matter basis. The LA concentration in BSFL produced on the coconut was 31% greater than those reared on Gainesville, resulting in almost 150% more LA. Furthermore, BSFL-fed coconut had reduced crude protein (29.7% of dry weight) and ash (3.7% of dry weight) relative to those fed Gainesville (43.4% and 7.5% for crude protein and ash, respectively) but higher pepsin digestibility (91.0% vs. 87.0%). The relative amounts of various amino acids in the 2 BSFL meals did not differ extensively, with statistically lower concentrations of only phenylalanine and tryptophan and higher concentrations of alanine, arginine, isoleucine, leucine, and serine in BSFL reared on coconut. Results demonstrate that the nutritional composition of BSFL can be manipulated, and an enhancement of LA concentrations of 150% was achieved with coconut, which has value for BSFL as a feed for various livestock, including aquaculture. Lower protein content is a tradeoff in terms of BSFL value as a feed additive.