bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Assembly of a New Mixed‐Valent Aggregate Based on Inorganic Polyoxometalate Ligands
Authors: Chen Weilin , Li Yangguang , Wang Yonghui , Wang Enbo , Zhang Zhiming 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEmploying a “one‐pot” synthesis strategy, the reaction of Na2WO4·2H2O, Na2HAsO4·7H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, various Ln3+ ions, and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) in aqueous solutions with pH values ranging from 5.5 to 6.5 results in the isolation of polytungstoarsenate‐based iron aggregates, ‐K8Na14[HMTA]4[(FeIII3FeII0.25(OH)3)(AsO4)(AsW9O34)]4·24H2O (1) (HMTA = hexamethylenetetraamine). The polyoxoanion of 1 contains a mixed‐valent {FeIII12FeII(μ3‐OH)12(μ4‐AsO4)4} cluster surrounded by four [B‐α‐AsW9O34]9− units. It is the first polytungstatoarsenate‐based mixed‐valent {FeIII12FeII} aggregate and the largest iron cluster based on [AsW9O34]9− ligands. The compound was characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV/Vis absorption, and diffuse‐reflectance UV/Vis spectroscopy, TG analyses, XRPD, XPS and gel‐filtration chromatography. The electrochemical and electrocatalytical properties were also investigated. Crystal data for 1, orthorhombic, Fddd, a = 28.156(6) Å, b = 36.003(7) Å, c = 42.126(8) Å, α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°, Z = 8.
Tetrachlorophenyl‐λ5‐arsane and Tetramethoxyphenyl‐λ5‐arsane: Crystal Structures, NMR Spectra and Bonding Situation
Authors: Betz Richard , Reichvilser Moritz M. , Schumi Emanuel , Miller Christian , Klüfers Peter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwo phenyl‐substituted λ5‐arsanes were prepared from phenylarsonic acid in two‐step procedures. Their molecular structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. NBO analyses for the title compounds were conducted.
The First Ruthenium Complex of a Heteroleptic Organostannylene: [4‐tBu‐2,6‐{P(O)(O‐iPr)2}2C6H2]Sn(Cl)Ru(C6H6)Cl2
Authors: Deaáky Vajk , Schürmann Markus , Jurkschat Klaus 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of the intramolecularly coordinated organostannylene ruthenium complex [4‐tBu‐2,6‐{P(O)(O‐iPr)2}2‐C6H2]Sn(Cl)Ru(C6H6)Cl2, 1, is reported. It is characterized by elemental analysis, 1H, 13C, 31P, 119Sn NMR spectroscopy, and, as its toluene solvate 1·C7H8, by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. In compound 1·C7H8 the tin atom is five‐coordinate and shows a strongly distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal configuration. The intramolecular O–Sn distances are 2.291(3) and 2.394(3) Å. The Sn–Ru distance is 2.5856 Å.
New Scandium Platinum Silicides: ScPt2Si with ‘Inverse’ MgCuAl2 Structure and Sc5Pt9Si7, a Variant of the Zr2Fe12P7‐Type
Authors: Lorenz Peter , Jung Walter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwo new scandium platinum silicides, ScPt2Si (orthorhombic, Cmcm, a = 3.6653(6) Å, b = 9.831(1) Å, c = 6.967(1) Å, Z = 4) and Sc5Pt9Si7 (hexagonal, P, a = 9.9418(5) Å, c = 3.8832(2) Å, Z = 1) were prepared by reaction of the elements in an electric arc furnace and subsequent annealing. The crystal structures were solved and refined from single crystal diffraction data. ScPt2Si crystallizes with an ‘inverse’ MgCuAl2 structure whereas Sc5Pt9Si7 forms a variant of the Zr2Fe12P7 type.
Parathyroid Carcinoma: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Okamoto Takahiro , Iihara Masatoshi , Obara Takao , Tsukada Toshihiko 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of the present study was to make our medical practice evidence‐based for patients with parathyroid carcinoma.MethodsWe posed six clinical questions relevant to the management of parathyroid cancer. A comprehensive search and critical appraisal of the literature was then carried out.ResultsMost of the literature retrieved was retrospective in design and differed in the definition of carcinoma. The distinction between unequivocal and equivocal carcinoma (or atypical adenoma) was not always made for the study populations. None of the studies indicated reproducibility of outcome measures. Of the histopathological features described in the literature based on the description of Schantz and Castleman, capsular/vascular invasions and trabecular growth pattern were the most specific, and fibrous bands were the most sensitive. None of the patients with “atypical adenoma” developed recurrence, whereas 25% of those with “equivocal carcinoma” did. Mutations in HRPT2, the gene responsible for hereditary hyperparathyroidism with jaw‐tumor syndrome, were strongly associated with sporadic parathyroid carcinoma. Severe hypercalcemia and its related clinical symptoms, extremely high levels of parathyroid hormone, osteitis fibrosa cystica, a palpable neck mass, and a relatively large depth–width ratio on ultrasonography, are the important features of parathyroid carcinoma. Disease‐specific survival rates reported in the literature were varied, reflecting the differences in the definitions of carcinoma, study populations, and interventions.ConclusionsTo establish valid evidence for patient management in the future, a collaboration of endocrine specialists is essential to conduct well‐designed clinical studies for this rare disease.
Multilevel Perspectives on Community Intervention: An Example from an Indo‐US HIV Prevention Project in Mumbai, India
Authors: Schensul Stephen L. , Saggurti Niranjan , Singh Rajendra , Verma Ravi K. , Nastasi Bonnie K. , Mazumder Papiya Guha 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper explores the meaning and applicability of multilevel interventions and the role of ethnography in identifying intervention opportunities and accounting for research design limitations. It utilizes as a case example the data and experiences from a 6‐year, NIMH‐funded, intervention to prevent HIV/STI among married men in urban poor communities in Mumbai, India. The experiences generated by this project illustrate the need for multilevel interventions to include: (1) ethnographically driven formative research to delineate appropriate levels, stakeholders and collaborators; (2) identification of ways to link interventions to the local culture and community context; (3) the development of a model of intervention that is sufficiently flexible to be consistently applied to different intervention levels using comparable culturally congruent concepts and approaches; (4) mechanisms to involve community residents, community based organizations and community‐based institutions; and (5) approaches to data collection that can evaluate the impact of the project on multiple intersecting levels.
Generalised twists, $\mathrm{\mathbf{SO}}(n)$, and the $p$-energy over a space of measure preserving maps
Authors: Shahrokhi-Dehkordi M.S. , Taheri A. 
Published: April 2009

Let

\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{n}

be a bounded Lipschitz domain and consider the energy functional

\mathbb{F}_{p}[\mathbf{u},\Omega ]: = p^{−1}\int \limits_{\Omega }|\mathrm{∇}\mathbf{u}(\mathbf{x})|^{p}\:d\mathbf{x},

with

p\in ]1,\infty[

over the space of measure preserving maps

\mathcal{A}_{p}(\Omega ) = \left\{\mathbf{u}∊W^{1,p}\left(\Omega ,\mathbb{R}^{n}\right):\:\mathbf{u}|_{\partial \Omega } = \mathbf{x},\:\mathrm{\det }\mathrm{∇}\mathbf{u} = 1\text{a.e. in}\Omega \right\}.

In this paper we introduce a class of maps referred to as
generalised
twists and
examine
them in connection with the Euler–Lagrange equations associated with

\mathbb{F}_{p}

over

\mathcal{A}_{p}(\Omega )

. The main result is a surprising discrepancy between
even
and
odd
dimensions. Here we show that in even dimensions the latter system of equations admit
infinitely
many smooth solutions, modulo isometries, amongst such maps. In odd dimensions this number reduces to
one
. The result relies on a careful analysis of the
full
versus the
restricted
Euler–Lagrange equations where a key ingredient is a
necessary
and
sufficient
condition for an associated vector field to be a
gradient
.

Résumé

Soit

\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{n}

un domaine de Lipschitz borné, on considère la fonctionnelle d'énergie

\mathbb{F}_{p}[\mathbf{u},\Omega ]: = p^{−1}\int \limits_{\Omega }|\mathrm{∇}\mathbf{u}(\mathbf{x})|^{p}\:d\mathbf{x},

p \in ]1,\infty[

sur l'espace de fonctions conservant la mesure

\mathcal{A}_{p}(\Omega ) = \left\{\mathbf{u}∊W^{1,p}\left(\Omega ,\mathbb{R}^{n}\right):\:\mathbf{u}|_{\partial \Omega } = \mathbf{x},\:\mathrm{\det }\mathrm{∇}\mathbf{u} = 1\text{a.a. dans}\Omega \right\}.

On introduit une classe de fonctions appellée des torsions généralisée qui est examinée dans le cadre des équations d'Euler–Lagrange associée à

\mathbb{F}_{p}

sur

\mathcal{A}_{p}(\Omega )

. Le résultat principal est une surprenante différence de proprieté selon le parité de le dimension

n

. On démontre que pour

n

pair, ces équations admettent une infinité de solutions régulières qui sont des isometries, alors qu'en dimension impaire la solution est unique. Le résultat repose sur une analyse minutieuse de la version complète des équations d'Euler–Lagrange où l'ingrédient clé est une condition nécessaire et suffisante pour qu'un champ vectoriel soit un gradient.
The Modified Pharaoh Approach: Stingless bees mummify beetle parasites alive
Authors: Greco Mark , Hoffmann Dorothee , Dollin Anne , Duncan Michael , Spooner-Hart Robert , Neumann Peter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSocial insect colonies usually live in nests, which are often invaded by parasitic species. Workers from these colonies use different defence strategies to combat invaders. Nevertheless, some parasitic species are able to bypass primary colony defences due to their morphology and behaviour. In particular, some beetle nest invaders cannot be killed or removed by workers of social bees, thus creating the need for alternative social defence strategies to ensure colony survival. Here we show, using Diagnostic Radioentomology, that stingless bee workers Trigona carbonaria, immediately mummify invading destructive nest parasites Aethina tumida alive, with a mixture of resin, wax and mud, thereby preventing severe damage to the colony. In sharp contrast to the responses of honeybee and bumblebee colonies, the rapid live mummification strategy of T. carbonaria effectively prevents beetle parasite advancements and removes their ability to reproduce. The convergent evolution of live mummification by stingless bees and social encapsulation by honeybees suggests that colonies of social bees generally rely on, secondary defence mechanisms when harmful nest intruders cannot be killed or ejected easily. This process is analogous to immune responses in animals.
Aging as a consequence of misrepair -- A novel theory of aging
Authors: Wang Jicun , Michelitsch Thomas , Wunderlin Arne , Mahadeva Ravi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIt is now increasingly realized that the underlying mechanisms which govern aging is a complex interplay of genetic regulation and damage accumulation. Aging as a result of accumulation of ‘faults’ on cellular and molecular levels, has been proposed in the damage (fault)-accumulation theory by Kirkwood 2006. However, this theory fails to explain some aging phenotypes such as fibrosis and premature aging, since terms such as ‘damage’ and ‘fault’ are not specified. Therefore we introduce here a specification of the underlying mechanism of aging and arrive at a novel theory: aging of the body is a result of the accumulation of Misrepair of tissue. It emphasizes: a) it is Misrepair, not the original damage, that accumulates and leads to aging; and b) aging can occur at different levels, however aging of the body takes place at least on the tissue level, but not necessarily on cellular/molecular level. The novel concept of Misrepair introduced here unifies the understanding of the roles of environmental damage, repair, gene regulation, and multicellular structure in the aging process. The Misrepair-accumulation theory introduced in the present paper gives explanations for the aging phenotypes, premature aging, and the difference of longevity in different species, and is consistent with the point of view of physical theory of complex systems.
A condition of cooperation. Games on network
Authors: Konno Tomohiko 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNatural selection is often regarded as a result of severe competition. Defect seems beneficial for a single individual in many cases.However, cooperation is observed in many levels of biological systems ranging from single cells to animals, including human society. We have yet known that in unstructured populations, evolution favors defectors over cooperators. On the other hand, there have been much interest on evolutionary games^1,2^ on structured population and on graphs^3-16^. Structures of biological systems and societies of animals can be taken as networks. They discover that network structures determine results of the games. Together with the recent interest of complex networks^17,18^, many researchers investigate real network structures. Recently even economists study firms&apos; transactions structure^19^. Seminal work^11^ derives the condition of favoring cooperation for evolutionary games on networks, that is, benefit divided by cost, b/c, exceeds average degree, (k). Although this condition has been believed so far^20^, we find the condition is b/c (k~nm~) instead. k~nm~ is the mean nearest neighbor degree. Our condition enables us to compare how network structure enhances cooperation across different kinds of networks. Regular network favors most, scale free network least. On ideal scale free networks, cooperation is unfeasible. We could say that (k) is the degree of itself, while k~nm~ is that of others. One of the most interesting points in network theory is that results depend not only on itself but also on others. In evolutionary games on network, we find the same characteristic.
A New Begomovirus Species Causing Tomato Leaf Curl Disease in Patna, India
Authors: Kumari P. , Chattopadhyay B. , Singh A. K. , Chakraborty S. 
Published: April 2009

During December of 2007, a severe leaf curl disease of tomato (ToLCD) occurred in tomato-growing areas in the Patna District of Bihar, India. Viral DNA was isolated from symptomatic tomato plants (2) and begomovirus association was confirmed by PCR using DNA-A degenerate primers (3). Isolated viral DNA was restricted with KpnI and full-length genome was cloned in pUC18. DNA-β was amplified using degenerate primers (1) and cloned in pTZ57RT. Partial tandem repeats of viral genome and DNA-β could infect Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato through Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation. Infected test plants exhibited typical symptoms characteristic of ToLCD. Full-length viral genome (GenBank Accession No. EU862323) consists of 2,752 nt and showed the highest identity (85.8%) with Tomato leaf curl Laos virus-[Laos] (GenBank Accession No. AF195782). The satellite DNA-β component (GenBank Accession No. EU862324) consists of 1,349 nt and showed the highest identity (75.8%) with Tomato leaf curl Joydebpur betasatellite (GenBank Accession No. AJ966244). On the basis of the ICTV species demarcation criteria of 89% of DNA-A sequence identity, the present isolate was considered as a new begomovirus species and named Tomato leaf curl Patna virus (ToLCPaV). Since the isolated DNA-β satellite shares less than 78% identity, it is considered a new species of betasatellite and the name, Tomato leaf curl Patna betasatellite (ToLCPaB) is proposed. These results show that severe ToLCD in Patna is caused by a newly identified species of begomovirus and betasatellite. References: (1) R. W. Briddon et al. Mol. Biotechnol 20:315, 2002. (2) S. Chakraborty et al. Phytopathology 93:1485, 2003. (3) S. D. Wyatt and J. K. Brown. Phytopathology 86:1288, 1996.
First Report of the A2 Mating Type of Phytophthora capsici Infecting Peppers (Capsicum annuum) in Taiwan
Authors: Sheu Z. M. , Chen J. R. , Wang T. C. 
Published: April 2009

Phytophthora capsici Leonion was first identified on pepper (Capsicum annuum L) in Taiwan in 1976. At that time, only the A1 mating type was present (2). In 2007, the A2 mating type of P. capsici was identified on tomato and eggplant in the central part of the country (1). During an excessively rainy period in mid-2008, many chili and sweet pepper fields in Taiwan suffered severe losses due to P. capsici. Symptoms included a foliar blight and stem, root, and fruit rot. Plants eventually wilted and died. Symptomatic plants were collected from chili- and sweet pepper-production areas in central, southern, and eastern Taiwan. Fifty-three isolates from single zoospores were identified by PCR using species-specific primers CAPFW/CAPRV2 (4). Mating type was determined by co-inoculating rape seed agar plates (3) with mycelial plugs of the tester and a known isolate. Pc134, maintained by the mycology unit at The World Vegetable Center, and 27220, provided by P. J. Ann at the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, were used as reference isolates of A1 and A2 mating types, respectively. Plates were examined microscopically for oospores after 5 to 7 days of incubation at 24°C in the dark. Of the 53 isolates, 15 were identified as the A2 mating type and the remaining 38 isolates were identified as A1. The A2 mating type was found in the central and southern regions while the A1 mating type was widely distributed across all three regions. The sporangia of the A2 mating type were 60.4 to 73.4 × 40.9 to 51.8 μm (average 69.2 × 44.7 μm), whereas sporangia of the A1 mating type were 50.1 to 73.9 × 37.9 to 48.1 μm (average 61.4 × 44.1 μm). In general, the A2 mating type produced longer sporangia and only a few isolates produced chlamydospores in V8 broth and on agar. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the A2 mating type of P. capsici infecting peppers in Taiwan. The presence of both mating types in the same field has been observed. References: (1) P. J. Ann et al. Plant Pathol. Bull. 17:69, 2008. (2) L. S. Leu and C. W. Kao. Plant Prot. Bull. (Taiwan) 23:59, 1981. (3) M. M. Sautor. Mycologia 59:161, 1967. (4) C. Silvar et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 112:43, 2005.
Provenance of siliciclastic and hybrid turbiditic arenites of the Eocene Hecho Group, Spanish Pyrenees: implications for the tectonic evolution of a foreland basin
Authors: Caja M. A. , Marfil R. , Garcia D. , Remacha E. , Morad S. , Mansurbeg H. , Amorosi A. , Martínez‐Calvo C. , Lahoz‐Beltrá R. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThe Eocene Hecho Group turbidite system of the Aínsa‐Jaca foreland Basin (southcentral Pyrenees) provides an excellent opportunity to constrain compositional variations within the context of spatial and temporal distribution of source rocks during tectonostratigraphic evolution of foreland basins. The complex tectonic setting necessitated the use of petrographic, geochemical and multivariate statistical techniques to achieve this goal. The turbidite deposits comprise four unconformity‐bounded tectonostratigraphic units (TSU), consisting of quartz‐rich and feldspar‐poor sandstones, calclithites rich in extrabasinal carbonates and hybrid arenites dominated by intrabasinal carbonates. The sandstones occur exclusively in TSU‐2, whereas calclithites and hybrid arenites occur in the overlying TSU‐3, TSU‐4 and TSU‐5. The calclithites were deposited at the base of each TSU and hybrid arenites in the uppermost parts. Extrabasinal carbonate sources were derived from the fold‐and‐thrust belt (mainly Cretaceous and Palaeocene limestones). Conversely, intrabasinal carbonate grains were sourced from foramol shelf carbonate factories. This compositional trend is attributed to alternating episodes of uplift and thrust propagation (siliciclastic and extrabasinal carbonates supplies) and subsequent episodes of development of carbonate platforms supplying intrabasinal detrital grains. The quartz‐rich and feldspar‐poor composition of the sandstones suggests derivation from intensely weathered cratonic basement rocks during the initial fill of the foreland basin. Successive sediments (calclithites and hybrid arenites) were derived from older uplifted basement rocks (feldspar‐rich and, to some extent, rock fragments‐rich sandstones), thrust‐and‐fold belt deposits and from coeval carbonate platforms developed at the basin margins. This study demonstrates that the integration of tectono‐stratigraphy, petrology and geochemistry of arenites provides a powerful tool to constrain the spatial and temporal variation in provenance during the tectonic evolution of foreland basins.
Extended diagnostic criteria for plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukaemia
Authors: Garnache‐Ottou Francine , Feuillard Jean , Ferrand Christophe , Biichle Sabeha , Trimoreau Franck , Seilles Estelle , Salaun Véronique , Garand Richard , Lepelley Pascale , Maynadié Marc , Kuhlein Emilienne , Deconinck Eric , Daliphard Sylvie , Chaperot Laurence , Beseggio Lucille , Foisseaud Vincent , Macintyre Elizabeth , Bene Marie‐Christine , Saas Philippe , Jacob Marie‐Christine ,   a GOELAMS and GEIL study
Published: April 2009

SummaryThe diagnosis of plasmacytoid dendritic cell leukaemia (pDCL) is based on the immunophenotypic profile: CD4+ CD56+ lineageneg CD45RA+/ROneg CD11cneg CD116low CD123+ CD34neg CD36+ HLA‐DR+. Several studies have reported pDCL cases that do not express this exact profile or expressing some lineage antigens that could thus be misdiagnosed. This study aimed to validate pDCL‐specific markers for diagnosis by flow‐cytometry or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on bone marrow samples. Expression of markers previously found in normal pDC was analysed in 16 pDCL, four pDCL presenting an atypical phenotype (apDCL) and 113 non‐pDC – lymphoid or myeloid – acute leukaemia. CD123 was expressed at significantly higher levels in pDCL and apDCL. BDCA‐2 was expressed on 12/16 pDCL and on 2/4 apDCL, but was never detected in the 113 non‐pDC acute leukaemia cases. BDCA‐4 expression was found on 13/16 pDCL, but also in 12% of non‐pDC acute leukaemia. High levels of LILRA4 and TCL1A transcripts distinguished pDCL and apDCL from all other acute leukaemia (except B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia for TCL1A). We thus propose a diagnosis strategy, scoring first the CD4+ CD56+/− MPOneg cCD3neg cCD79aneg CD11cneg profile and then the CD123high, BDCA‐2 and BDCA‐4 expression. Atypical pDCL can be also identified this way and non‐pDC acute leukaemia excluded: this scoring strategy is useful for diagnosing pDCL and apDCL.