bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Amavata with Panchakarma treatment – A case report
Authors: Kabra Diksha Nitin , Bhatted Santosh Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune systemic disease, resulting in functional decline, disability, and reduced quality of life particularly due to symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and morning stiffness. This manifestation is comparable to Amavata in Ayurveda. A 26-year-old female diagnosed with RA was treated with Ayurveda modalities including Valuka
swedana (~sudation therapy using sand), Virechana (~therapeutic purgation), Basti (~therapeutic enema), and Samshamana
snehapana (~type of internal oleation for palliative purpose). The patient was assessed both subjectively and objectively before and after completion of the treatment. Before treatment, the values of rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were 358.4, 13.7, and 80, respectively, which were reduced to 153.1, 2.74, and 17, respectively, after one month of treatment. In addition, marked improvement in clinical signs and symptoms such as pain, stiffness, and swelling in joints was also observed. The present case report showcases the significant effect of Valuka
swedana, Virechana, Yoga
basti, and Snehapana in the management of Amavata.
Effect of Shodhana karma, Lekhana karma and Raktamokshana in the management of Luta vishajanya vrana: A case report
Authors: Ashraf Anisha S. , Gopikrishna B. J. , Rao Prasanna N. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Spider bites are commonly reported from many parts of the world. In classical literature, spider envenomation is coined as Luta
visha (~spider bite poisoning). A 20-year-old male patient approached to outpatient department with the chief complaint of a wound over the calf muscle region of the right lower limb associated with watery discharge, itching, pain, and burning sensation for the past six months. There was a mild rise in temperature. On evaluation, the symptoms were identified to be spider-bite poisoning. The patient was given classical Ayurveda therapeutic measures, which include Virechana (~therapeutic purgation), followed by Lekhana
karma (~therapeutic scrapping) over the site of the bite and Jalaukavacharana (~bloodletting using leech) for five days. At the time of discharge, Bilvadi
gutika (860 mg) twice daily for one month was advised. A remarkable improvement was observed in the condition of the patient within 14 days of treatment. The treatment approach, including Virechana, Lekhana
karma, and Raktamokshana, gave significant results with complete healing of Luta
vishajanya
vrana (~spider poison-induced ulcer) within the span of six months. After treatment, no recurrence of symptoms was observed when followed the patient up to two months.
Management of plaque psoriasis (~Ekakushta) through Ayurvedic approach: An experience
Authors: Mahulkar Darshan M. , Huddar Vitthal G. , Reetu  
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Psoriasis is one of a variety of illnesses brought on by the autoimmune response and is characterized by the rapid inflammatory proliferation of sick skin cells. Even though the illness was first identified several decades ago, the etiology and therapy appear to remain understudied. In Ayurveda, many herbs have proved efficacy in the treatment of psoriasis, but the disease’s complex etiology requires a multimodal therapeutic strategy. A 22-year-old male patient with persistent plaque psoriasis in the last three years presented with erythematous plaques over the back, chest, neck, legs, abdomen, scalp, and forehands. The Auspitz sign, Candle grease sign, and Koebner phenomenon were positive. The treatment plan was based on the Ayurvedic Samprapti (~pathophysiology) of Ekakushta (~plaque psoriasis). Virechana (~therapeutic purgation) along with Ayurvedic oral medicines and a wholesome dietary regimen were given. Within eight months of the treatment, the psoriatic lesions and associated signs and symptoms were healed effectively. No adverse events were reported during the course of therapy and no recurrence was noticed as of reporting the present case report. Altogether, multimodal Ayurveda treatment can be an effective and safe solution for plaque psoriasis.
Prevalence of syphilis and associated risk factors among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Nigeria: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Oshun Philip Olayiwola , Sunmonu Omowunmi Bose 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Worldwide, there was an estimated 7.1 million new cases of syphilis in 2020, and most of the infections were found in developing countries like Nigeria. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for syphilis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in Lagos.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in an HIV Clinic in Lagos, Nigeria, from April to June 2017 and 385 HIV-infected adult participants 18 years and above were recruited into the study. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on sociodemographic and risk factors for syphilis. Blood samples were collected from all participants and tested for syphilis using rapid plasma reagin and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay test kits. Data were analyzed using SPSS (IBM) V. 20. Bivariate analysis was carried out using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and Student’s t-test on sociodemographic and risk behavioral factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed with variables that were significantly associated with syphilis in bivariate analysis. A P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
Out of 388 HIV-infected patients recruited into the study, 262 (67.5%) were female. The mean age was 43.6 ± 10.1 years, and 137 (35.3%) of them were in the age group of 41–50 years. The prevalence of syphilis in HIV-infected patients was 1.8%. The prevalence of syphilis was significantly higher in males (4.8%) than females (0.4%). The prevalence of syphilis was higher in those with no education or primary school education, and multiple sexual partners were statistically significant in the bivariate analysis but not in the multivariate analysis. Male gender was the only independent risk factor for syphilis, with an odds ratio of 11.79 (95% confidence interval [1.26–106.5], P = 0.03) in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of syphilis in this study was lower than previous work done in other HIV-positive cohorts in Nigeria. Males were more affected significantly in this study. Routine screening and testing for syphilis should be integrated into HIV care, especially in males.
The effect of octreotide on the duration of postmastectomy wound drainage: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ayandipo Omobolaji Oladayo , Ulasi Ikechukwu Bartholomew , Afuwape Oladolapo Olawunmi 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Following mastectomy, prolonged wound drainage delays adjuvant therapy and also prolongs hospitalization in an otherwise fit patient. This study determined the effect of octreotide on the duration of postmastectomy wound drainage.

Methods:
Patients scheduled for modified radical mastectomy were randomized into a treatment group that received 100 µg of octreotide and a control group that received 1 mL of sterile water intravenously 8 hourly for 5 days from the first postoperative day. Sociodemographic data, time to drain removal, total drain volume, and incidence of seroma were obtained. The groups were compared for the time to drain removal, total drain output, average drain output per day, and incidence of seroma. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
Forty-one female breast cancer patients were recruited. The mean age was 53.1 ± 13.0 years. The most common histologic variant was invasive carcinoma of no special type (n = 27; 65.9%). Although not statistically significant, patients in the intervention group had a lower median time to drain removal of 11 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 3) compared with 13 days (IQR = 3) in the control group (P = 0.106) and similarly had a lower median total drain output compared with controls (892.0 mL vs. 1182.8 mL; P = 0.095). Both groups were comparable in terms of postoperative complications and these occurred in 13 patients (31.7%), the most common being seroma (n = 11; 50.0%).

Conclusion:
Octreotide had no statistically significant effect on either the total drain output or the duration of postmastectomy wound drainage among breast cancer patients.
A protocol for the study of environmental risk factors and candidate gene–environment interactions in neurodegenerative disorders in Nigeria (SERGEND): A cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Ojo Oluwadamilola Omolara , Agabi Osigwe P , Ishola Ismail O , Oshinaike Olajumoke O , Abubakar Sani A , Wahab Kolawole W , Bello Abiodun H , Akinyemi Rufus O , Williams Uduak , Ozomma Simon I , Ekenze Oluchi , Iwuozo Emmanuel , Nyandaiti Yakub W , Ojini Francis I , Houlden Henry , Hardy John , Okubadejo Njideka Ulunma 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
The risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) and Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonism (PDAP), has been alluded to arise predominantly from the interplay between environmental exposures and genetic variability. The contributions of these factors to NDD in Black sub-Saharan Africans are largely unknown. The broad aim of SERGEND is to investigate the effect of specific environmental exposures and genetic variability on the risk of developing ADRD and PDAP in our population.

Methods:
The SERGEND, a national, multi-center, cross-sectional, descriptive study, will be conducted in Nigeria, within academic hospitals located in all six geopolitical zones of the country. The study population will comprise 3000 consenting adult Nigerians aged 18 years and above, residing within the recruiting geopolitical zone in the preceding 12 months. Cases will be persons with ADRD or PDAP and age-matched healthy controls. Assessments will include dementia and parkinsonism-specific case ascertainment, disease severity, functional status, and environmental risk factors assessment. Genotyping for APOE and SNCA REP1 polymorphic variability will be conducted. Future analyses will be performed on biobanked samples.

Ethics and Dissemination:
The study protocol was approved by the National Health Research Ethics Committee in Nigeria, with institutional HREC concordant approval for all participating sites before enrollment of the study participants. Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants or identified proxies. The study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and as conference abstracts.

Trial Registration:
International Standard Registered Clinical/soCial sTudy Number (ISRCTN) registry (www.isrctn.com). Trial registration number: ISRCTN10548575. Locator ID: https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN10548575.
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in a tertiary health facility in northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Mohammad Sulaiman M. , Jummai Shettima , Mustapha Lawan , Umar Loskurima , Ibrahim Ummate 
Published: May 2024

Background
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a syndrome that is characterized by the rapid decline of kidney function associated with proteinuria and hematuria and often leads to irreversible kidney failure if diagnosis and subsequent institution of appropriate treatment are not made early. It is thought to be rare in Africa due to late presentation and/or diagnosis of the condition, resulting in many of them labeled as chronic glomerulonephritis. This study aims to determine the prevalence of RPGN among patients admitted with kidney disease in a tertiary health facility in northeastern Nigeria.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Northeast Nigeria, between the periods January 2020 and December 2021. Included in the study were patients admitted into the renal unit who had features of rapidly deteriorating kidney function, normal-sized kidneys more than 8.5 cm, proteinuria, and/or hematuria. Kidney biopsy was done for consenting patients who had normal kidney sizes. The biopsy specimen was fixed in formalin, cut, and stained using hematoxylin and eosin stain.

Results
A total of 1440 patients were admitted into the renal unit of University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, out of whom 28 (1.9%) were diagnosed with RPGN. The ages of the study participants ranged from 17 to 40 years and had a mean of 31.14 ± 7.81 years. Their mean serum creatinine was 1203 ± 495.78 µmol/l and urea 32.67 ± 12.58 moml/l. Proteinuria was present in all patients with RPGN, whereas hematuria was seen in 78.6%. Kidney biopsy was done in 42.9% of patients, 83.3% of them had crescents in more than 50% of glomeruli. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, complements C3 and C4 were not assayed in any of the study participants.

Conclusion
RPGN contributes to the burden of kidney disease in northeastern Nigeria. Due to lack of proper investigative tools in our institution, many patients are not diagnosed and those who were identified are not adequately characterized.
Prevalence of thyroid disorder in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Elshair Heba S. , Zeid Montasser H. , Deghady Akram A. , Essa Bassant Y. , Bondok Maha E. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that can affect many organs. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with SLE. The interaction between kidney and the thyroid-gland functions has been known for a long time. Thyroid hormones (TH) are necessary for growth and development of the kidney, and for the maintenance of water and electrolyte homeostasis. On the other hand, kidney is involved in the metabolism and elimination of TH. Thyroid disease appears to be more frequent in SLE patients than in the general population. Therefore, screening of thyroid dysfunction in patients with SLE, especially in those with evidence of LN, is recommended. The aim of this work is to study morphological (thyromegaly and thyroid nodules) and functional (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism) thyroid disorders in patients with SLE with or without renal affection, and whether LN acts as an independent risk factor of thyroid abnormalities.

Patients and methods
In total, 60 participants were divided into three groups: group I: 20 patients diagnosed with SLE without evidence of renal affection, group II: 20 patients diagnosed with SLE with evidence of LN, and group III: 20 healthy participants. All were subjected to full history taking, thorough physical examination, laboratory investigations (urea and creatinine), thyroid function, and serological marker serum [antithyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO Ab)]. Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland was done.

Results
There was a direct significant relationship between renal function tests, namely urea and creatinine and anti-TPO among cases with SLE, both without and with LN, and an inverse significant relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate and anti-TPO among both the SLE group and the LN group.

Conclusion
Screening of thyroid dysfunction in patients with SLE, especially in those with evidence of LN by estimation of thyroid function tests, thyroid autoantibodies, and by ultrasonography, is recommended.
Internet gaming disorder and its correlates among university students, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsunni Ahmed A. , Latif Rabia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Over-indulgence in online/offline video games could result in the development of internet gaming disorder (IGD). Knowledge of the prevalence and correlates of IGD may help to understand its etiology. The aim of the present study was to estimate IGD and its psychological/game-related correlates in Saudi university students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
For this cross-sectional study, 843 students registered in a university in Saudi Arabia filled an online survey comprising diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), hospital anxiety and depression scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, social phobia inventory scale, satisfaction with life scale, and subjective happiness (SH) scale. For data analysis, an independent sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient/Chi-square test, and multiple linear regression followed by hierarchical regressions were used.

RESULTS:
The frequency of IGD was 21.5%. Total game time/day, years of playing games, and social phobia were significantly higher in subjects with IGD (P = 0.001, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively), whereas SH was significantly lower (P < 0.001). Tendency to IGD had a significant positive correlation with social phobia, total game time/day, and years of playing games and a negative correlation with SH. Total game time/day, years of playing games, and social phobia were significant positive predictors of tendency to IGD, whereas SH was a negative predictor. The rest of all variables were insignificant predictors.

CONCLUSION:
The frequency of IGD in Saudi university students identified by DSM-5 criteria was relatively high (21.5%). The prediction of the severity of IGD could be based on social phobia, total game time/day, number of years of playing games, and SH.
Resilience and its correlates among medical students in the Eastern part of India during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Golui Poulomi , Roy Saptarshi , Dey Indira , Burman Jayeeta , Sembiah Sembagamuthu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
There is a great deal of psychological pressure on medical students, which results in depression, addiction, and suicide. Resilience plays a significant role in coping with psychological distress. The study aimed to determine the resilience level of medical students in Kolkata and factors related to it.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students of a medical college in the eastern part of India during October 2020. Resilience was assessed using the validated “Adult Resilience Measure-R.” Data were collected on Google Forms and analyzed using SPSS (version 16.0). Logistic regression analysis was performed to find factors associated with low resilience.

RESULTS:
The study revealed that one-fourth (25.2%) of the participants had low-level resilience. Nearly half (44.9%) of them perceived their mental health status as having worsened during the lockdown. Students who did not enjoy staying at home during the lockdown and who spent <10 h of their time with their family members had higher odds of low resilience. In multivariable analysis, not enjoying staying at home during the lockdown remained the only significant predictor of low resilience.

CONCLUSION:
Students should spend more time with their parents and family members and learn coping skills. Appropriate resilience training programs have to be integrated into the medical curriculum to help in coping with future challenges.
Use of a Checklist Approach on a Telecobalt in an Attempt to Reduce Human Errors in Radiotherapy Delivery and Improve Therapeutic Ratio
Authors: Mukundan Hari , Singh Sankalp , Lohia Nishant , Semwal Manoj Kumar , Kumar Vijendra , Bhatnagar Sharad , Sarin Arti , Trivedi Gaurav 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The process of radiotherapy treatment planning and delivery involves multiple steps and professionals causing it to be prone to errors. Radiotherapy centers equipped with old telecobalt machines have certain peculiar challenges to workflow. We designed and tested a checklist for radiotherapy technicians (RTTs) to reduce chances of error during treatment delivery on a telecobalt machine.

Materials and Methods:
A physical checklist was designed for RTTs to use in the pretreatment pause using a template advocated by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine. It was tested on 4 RTTs over 1000 radiotherapy delivery sittings.

Results:
The checklist helped to rectify 41 documentary lapses and 28 errors in radiotherapy treatment parameters while also identifying 12 instances where treatment plan modifications were due and 30 where the patient was due for review by the radiation oncologist. The average time to go through the checklist was between 2.5 and 3 min.

Conclusions:
The development and use of the checklist has helped in reducing errors and also improving workflow in our department. It is recommended to utilize such physical checklists in all radiotherapy centers with telecobalt machines. The success of the checklist depends upon leadership, teamwork, acceptance of a need to inculcate a “safety culture,” with voluntary error-reporting and a willingness to learn from such errors.
Implementation and Challenges of International Atomic Energy Agency/American Association of Physicists in Medicine TRS 483 Formalism for Field Output Factors and Involved Uncertainties Determination in Small Fields for TomoTherapy
Authors: Kinhikar Rajesh , Kaushik Suryakant , Tambe Chandrashekhar , Kadam Sudarshan , Kale Shrikant , Upreti Rituraj 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
International Atomic Energy Agency published TRS-483 to address the issues of small field dosimetry. Our study calculates the output factor in the small fields of TomoTherapy using different detectors and dosimetric conditions. Furthermore, it estimates the various components of uncertainty and presents challenges faced during implementation.

Materials and Methods
Beam quality TPR20,10(10) at the hypothetical field size of 10 cm × 10 cm was calculated from TPR20,10(S). Two ionization chambers based on the minimum field width required to satisfy the lateral charge particle equilibrium and one unshielded electron field diode (EFD) were selected. Output factor measurements were performed in various dosimetric conditions.

Results
Beam quality TPR20,10(10) has a mean value of 0.627 ± 0.001. The maximum variation of output factor between CC01 chamber and EFD diode at the smallest field size was 11.80%. In source to surface setup, the difference between water and virtual water was up to 9.68% and 8.13%, respectively, for the CC01 chamber and EFD diode. The total uncertainty in the ionization chamber was 2.43 times higher compared to the unshielded EFD diode at the smallest field size.

Conclusions
Beam quality measurements, chamber selection procedure, and output factors were successfully carried out. A difference of up to 10% in output factor can occur if density scaling for electron density in virtual water is not considered. The uncertainty in output correction factors dominates, while positional and meter reading uncertainty makes a minor contribution to total uncertainty. An unshielded EFD diode is a preferred detector in small fields because of lower uncertainty in measurements compared to ionization chambers.