bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Serum Level of the Endogenous Secretory Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (esRAGE) Is a Risk Factor for Prevalent Vertebral Fractures Independent of Bone Mineral Density in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yamamoto Masahiro , Yamaguchi Toru , Yamauchi Mika , Sugimoto Toshitsugu 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE
Patients with type 2 diabetes are known to have an increased risk for fracture compared with non–type 2 diabetic control subjects, despite having higher bone mineral density (BMD). We previously showed that serum pentosidine, one of the advanced glycation end products (AGEs), was associated with prevalent vertebral fractures (VFs) in those with type 2 diabetes. The involvement of the endogenous secretory receptor for AGEs (esRAGE) in VFs in those with type 2 diabetes, however, is still unknown.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We compared parameters including esRAGE, pentosidine, and BMD in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients (137 men &gt;50 years old and 140 postmenopausal women) with and without VFs.

RESULTS
The esRAGE-to-pentosidine ratio in type 2 diabetic patients with VFs was significantly lower than in those without VFs (men: 7.1 ± 2.8 vs. 9.4 ± 6.2, P = 0.013, respectively; women: 4.7 ± 2.7 vs. 8.2 ± 5.4, P &lt; 0.001, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, BMI, A1C, serum creatinine, duration of diabetes, therapeutic agents, diabetes complications, osteoporotic risk factors, and lumbar BMD identified the serum esRAGE level and esRAGE-to-pentosidine ratio as factors associated with the presence of VFs, independent of BMD in men (odds ratio [OR] 0.46 [95% CI 0.25–0.84], P = 0.012; and OR 0.34 [0.15–0.76], P = 0.009, respectively) and in women (OR 0.32 [0.16–0.67], P = 0.002; and OR 0.14 [0.04–0.43], P = 0.001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
These results show that serum esRAGE level and esRAGE-to-pentosidine ratio are more useful than BMD for assessing the risk of VFs in type 2 diabetic patients.
Fecal shedding of, antimicrobial resistance in, and serologic response to Salmonella Typhimurium in dairy calves
Authors: Alexander Kimberly A. , Warnick Lorin D. , Cripps Chris J. , McDonough Patrick L. , Grohn Yrjo T. , Wiedmann Martin , Reed Kelly E. , James Karen L. , Soyer Yesim , Ivanek Renata 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine the duration of fecal shedding of and serologic response to Salmonella spp after natural infection in dairy calves and characterize Salmonella organisms recovered from these herds.
Design—Longitudinal study.
Animals—Calves from 2 dairy herds (A and B) in the northeast United States that were identified at the beginning of a Salmonella outbreak.
Procedures—Fecal samples were collected twice per week (herd A) or once per week (herd B); blood samples were collected for serologic testing once per week in both herds. Bacteriologic culture of fecal samples was performed, and Salmonella isolates were characterized by serotype, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern, and antimicrobial resistance profile.
Results—All Salmonella isolates from herd A were serovar Typhimurium var Copenhagen, had the same PFGE pattern, and were resistant to at least 9 antimicrobials. All isolates from herd B were Salmonella Typhimurium, represented 2 PFGE patterns, and were susceptible to all antimicrobials evaluated. The estimated duration of fecal shedding was 14 days in herd A and 9 days in herd B. Few calves were seropositive for antibody against Salmonella lipopolysaccharide within the first week after birth (0 of 20 in herd A and 13 of 79 in herd B) or seroconverted (6 in herd A and 4 in herd B). Fecal shedding was more common in calves that seroconverted, but overall, there was not a strong association between seropositivity and fecal shedding of Salmonella organisms.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although the herds differed in serologic response and Salmonella subtype, the duration of fecal shedding among calves was similar between herds.
Herd-level prevalence of Mycoplasma spp mastitis and characteristics of infected dairy herds in Utah as determined by a statewide survey
Authors: Wilson David J. , Goodell Greg , Justice-Allen Anne , Smith Scott T. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine herd-level prevalence of Mycoplasma spp mastitis in Utah dairy herds and characterize farms and management practices for positive herds.
Design—Epidemiologic study.
Sample Population—Bulk tank milk samples from 222 of 285 (78%) dairy farms in Utah.
Procedures—Milk haulers or dairy producers collected 5 milk samples from all bulk tanks at 3- to 4-day intervals for mycoplasmal culture. Owners of all positive herds were offered follow-up visits.
Results—Milk samples from 16 of 222 (7%) herds had positive mycoplasmal culture results. Follow-up information was obtained from 14 of 16 herds; 12 provided complete data. Some characteristics of mycoplasma-positive herds included the following: 8 of 14 herds had > 750 lactating cows, 9 of 11 had bulk tank milk somatic cell count of 140,000 to 240,000 cells/mL, 7 of 11 had actual milk production of 9,535 to 11,622 kg (21,000 to 25,600 lb)/305 d, 11 of 12 had cows with clinical mastitis that was nonresponsive to treatment and involved ≥ 2 mammary gland quarters, 9 of 12 had cows with clinical mastitis that spread from 1 mammary gland quarter to another, 8 of 12 had cows with droopy ears, 7 of 12 had cows with a head tilt, 7 of 12 used common milking towels, 2 of 12 were closed to replacement cattle for > 1 year, and 2 of 12 purchased bulls only.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Herd-level prevalence of mycoplasma mastitis in Utah was relatively high, compared with other areas of the United States.
Midfoot Ulcers Treated with Gastrocnemius-Soleus Recession
Authors: Laborde James M. 
Published: September 2009

Background: Foot ulcers in patients with neuropathy are a common cause of hospital admission for infection sometimes resulting in amputation in patients with neuropathy. Tendon lengthening alone has been reported to be successful in treating neuropathic forefoot ulcers. Tendon lengthening has also been recommended as an adjunct to bony procedures (exostectomy or fusion) for treating midfoot ulcers. The author reports the results of gastrocnemius-soleus recession as the sole treatment of diabetic midfoot ulcers. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated the results of 11 patients with 11 neuropathic plantar midfoot ulcers who were treated primarily with gastrocnemius-soleus recession with an average followup of 39 months. Potentially risky bony procedures were done after tendon lengthening if ulcers did not heal or recurred. Results: Ten of the ulcers healed but one patient was lost to followup after his ulcer healed. One ulcer did not heal and one ulcer recurred but healed again after midfoot fusion. One patient later had a transfemoral amputation due to gangrene. Two patients later died from medical problems unrelated to their surgery. There were no incision problems, or transfer ulcers. Conclusion: The author believes gastrocnemius-soleus recession as a primary treatment of diabetic midfoot ulcers is a low risk method of promoting ulcer resolution. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Management of Long-Term Sequelae of Compartment Syndrome Involving the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Lintz Francois , Colombier Jean A. , Letenneur Joseph , Gouin Francois 
Published: September 2009

Background: Lower leg compartment syndrome can lead to severe sequelae affecting patient autonomy. Ischemic muscle fibrosis and retraction result in foot and ankle deformities ranging from claw toes to complex multiplanar dislocations with soft tissue impairment requiring amputation. Although these deformities have been reported in relation to compartment syndrome, they have rarely been discussed specifically in the light of a long term follow up. Materials and Methods: Between 1981 and 2006, 151 patients were treated in our hospital for compartment syndrome of the lower limb. Ten of them later required further surgery to treat sequelae on the foot and ankle and were followed up prospectively. Personal data and surgical events were recorded, as well as potential risk factors for sequelae and functional outcome. The data was analyzed and compared to that available in previous literature. We analyzed and describe the different surgical procedures available for the management of this condition including arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis which could be a less invasive and efficient technique in mild equinus deformities. Results: All ten patients were diagnosed late for compartment syndrome. The anterior and lateral compartments were most often involved but rarely accounted for late sequelae. The deep posterior compartment seems to be the key element in generating after effects. Functional results were good in eight patients. Two required amputation after failed secondary surgery. Conclusion: The late, post-compartment syndrome affecting the foot and ankle can be treated efficiently provided surgery is performed acurately, taking into account the multiplanar deformity. However, the best treatment for this condition remains prevention. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Triple Nerve Block at the Knee for Foot and Ankle Surgery Performed by the Surgeon: Difficulties and Efficiency
Authors: Varitimidis Sokratis E. , Venouziou Aaron I. , Dailiana Zoe H. , Christou Dimitrios , Dimitroulias Apostolos , Malizos Konstantinos N. 
Published: September 2009

Background: Combined nerve blocks at the knee can provide safe anesthesia below the knee avoiding the potential complications of general or spinal anesthesia while reducing the need for opioids in the postoperative period. This study presents the outcomes of a large series of patients that underwent foot and ankle surgery receiving a triple nerve block at the knee. Materials and Methods: Three hundred eighty patients underwent foot and ankle surgery receiving anesthesia with triple nerve block at the knee (tibial, common peroneal and saphenous nerve). Surgery included a variety of bone and soft tissue procedures. The nerve block was performed by an orthopaedic surgeon in the lateral decubitus position. Results: The successful nerve block rate was 91 percent. There was no need to convert to general or spinal anesthesia, although 34 patients (9%) needed additional analgesia intraoperatively. Complete anesthesia required 25 to 30 minutes from the time of performing the block. No complication occurred secondary to the use of the anesthetic agent (ropivacaine 7.5%). Postoperative analgesia lasted from 5 to 12 hours, reducing the need of additional analgesics. Hospitalization averaged 1.4 days (from 0 to 5) with the majority of patients discharged the day after the operation (248/380). A high satisfaction rate was reported by the patients with no adverse effects and complications. Conclusion: We found triple nerve block at the knee to be a safe and reliable method of regional anesthesia providing low morbidity, high success rate, long acting analgesia, and fewer complications than general or spinal anesthesia. It is a simple method that can be performed by the orthopaedic surgeon. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Agrobacterium-mediated Genetic Transformation of Two Varieties of Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.)
Authors: Sarker Rakha Hari , Al-Amin G.M. , Hassan Fathi , Hoque M.I. 
Published: September 2009

Transformation experiments were carried out using different explants of two varieties of white jute (Corchorus capsularis L.), namely, CVL-1 and CVE-3 with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain (LBA4404/pBI121) containing the GUS and nptII genes. Maximum transformation ability was obtained from petiole-attached cotyledons and mature embryo explants. Kanamycin at a concentration of 200 mg/l was found optimum for selection of transformed shoots developed frommature embryos. Histochemical assay revealed the stable expression of the GUS gene within the various tissues of transformed plantlets. Stable integration of GUS and nptII genes were confirmed by PCR analysis of genomic DNA isolated from these transformed shoots. Key words: Jute, Transformation, GUS expression, PCR analysis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i1.3245 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(1): 7-16, 2008 (June)
Genetic Diversity in Hexaploid and Tetraploid Wheat Genotypes Using Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Uddin M.S. , Boerner A. 
Published: September 2009

The genetic diversity of a set of hexaploid and tetraploid wheat germplasm at the IPK gene bank, Gatersleben, Germany was investigated by applying 13 wheat microsatellites (WMS). The materials consisted of 63 accessions of Triticum aestivum, T. dicoccon and T. durum obtained from different collection missions. In total, 126 alleles were detected with an average of 9.7 alleles per locus. The average PIC values per locus varied from 0.65 for the marker Xgwm192 to 0.88 for the marker Xgwm619. All the primer pairs revealed genetic heterogeneity in more than one genotype. Genetic dissimilarity values between genotypes, calculated by the WMS derived data, were used to produce a dendrogram. In the dendrogram the genotypes were clustered in nine clear groups. Key words: Genetic diversity, Microsatellite markers, Hexaploid, Tetraploid, Wheat genotype D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i1.3267 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(1): 65-73, 2008 (June)
Callus Induction and High Frequency Regeneration of Plantlets of Scoparia dulcis L., a Perennial Medicinal Herb, Through Auxiliary Shoot Proliferation
Authors: Hassan A.K.M. Sayeed , Afroz Farhana , Bari Laila Shamroze , Munshi John Liton , Jahan Miskat Ara Akter , Khatun Rahima 
Published: September 2009

Green compact nodular callus was observed within three weeks from nodal segments of a perennial medicinal herb Scoparia dulcis L. on MS basal medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/I NAA. The callus produced large number of shoots when subcultured on MS with 0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l NAA. In vitro raised shoots rooted on half strength of MS with 1.0 mg/l IBA + 1.0 mg/l NAA. For acclimatization and transplantation, the plantlets in the rooting culture tubes were kept in normal room temperature for seven days before transplanting in pots where plantlets were reared for three weeks. The survival rate of plantlets was found to be 85%. Regenerated plants were morphologically uniform having normal leaf shape and growth. Key words: Scoparia dulcis, Medicinal plant, Shoot proliferation, Acclimatization D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v18i1.3268 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 18(1): 75-83, 2008 (June)
Factors Influencing a Community Pharmacist's Interventions in Asthma Care
Authors: Nadaira Natalie , Ouellet Catherine , René-Henri Nola , Khamla Yvonne , Collin Johanne , Blais Lucie , Lalonde Lyne , Beauchesne Marie-France 
Published: September 2009

Background: Little is known about current pharmacists' interventions related to drug counselling and monitoring in asthma, along with the barriers and facilitators to these, in the province of Quebec. Objectives: To identify and explore organizational, relational and professional factors that influence community pharmacists' interventions in asthma care and propose solutions to overcome the barriers to these interventions. Methods: In 2006, a survey and an invitation to participate in a focus group were sent to community pharmacists in Quebec. Three focus groups were held to discuss the results of the survey about community pharmacists' interventions in asthma and the factors influencing these interventions, along with solutions to identified barriers. Each focus group lasted for approximately 120 minutes and was moderated by 2 investigators. Results: Seventeen community pharmacists participated in the study. One focus group was held with pharmacy owners, 1 with salaried pharmacists who graduated before 1990 and 1 with salaried pharmacists who graduated after 1996. Owners and salaried pharmacists of different years of graduation generally made the same comments. Most pharmacists reported intervening with asthma patients, especially when initial prescriptions were filled. Lack of time and unclear definition of tasks were reported as barriers. Solutions were proposed to resolve barriers, such as clearly defining tasks and ensuring quick access to support materials for patient education and drug monitoring. Conclusion: Community pharmacists report intervening in asthma care mostly when patients fill their initial prescription. Several barriers to follow-up interventions were identified.
A Retrospective Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Nitrofurantoin in Renal Impairment
Authors: Bains Ajay , Buna Donna , Hoag Nathan A. 
Published: September 2009

Background: Nitrofurantoin (NF) is an antibiotic commonly used to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Although NF is contraindicated in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL/min, the evidence demonstrating its lack of efficacy and an increased rate of adverse reactions in these patients is marginal. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of NF in patients with a UTI and an estimated GFR ≤50 mL/min (impaired renal function group) compared to >50 mL/min (control group). Results: A total of 356 patients met our inclusion criteria. The Modified Cockcroft-Gault equation was used to estimate GFR. The point estimate for cure rate in the impaired renal function group was 71% (95% CI 63–79), versus 78% (95% CI 73–84) for the control group. Conclusions: Similar NF cure rates were observed in patients with impaired renal function (estimated GFR ≤50 mL/min) and patients in the control group (estimated GFR >50 mL/min). The occurrence of adverse events was comparable between the 2 groups.
La République, la rue et l'urne
Authors: Hayat Samuel 
Published: September 2009

Résumé La République étant née de la rue, les républicains de gouvernement au xix e siècle ne peuvent se contenter d’en réprimer indistinctement toutes les apparitions. Ils construisent la rue revendicatrice comme un lieu de subversion factieuse, quand elle ne se plie pas à un lien de subordination vis-à-vis du pouvoir. Le suffrage « universel » devient le seul moyen d’expression politique légitime, rendant la rue redondante et suspecte.
Une géométrie « naturelle » du politique : les rues de Paris et de Washington D.C.
Authors: Cadot Christine 
Published: September 2009

Résumé La rue reflète les propriétés abstraites d’un corps politique ; elle est à ce titre un espace de fondation politique et morale. Entre le tracé courbe des rues européennes, produit des siècles, et le quadrillage américain, symbole de la conscience historique d’un commencement inédit, nous explorons l’élaboration d’une idéologie s’appuyant sur la géométrie afin de mieux opposer Nouveau Monde et Vieille Europe. Après le déclenchement des Révolutions française et américaine, le tracé des rues de Paris et de Washington D.C. illustre la difficulté de concevoir l’espace urbain de la « table rase » et de la régénération nationale lorsque celui-ci est confronté à l’affirmation de la nécessaire rupture entre Ancien et Nouveau Monde. Nous replaçons ainsi notre étude dans le cadre plus large des processus idéologiques de naturalisation du politique.
Le destin festif du canal Saint-Martin
Authors: Jolé Michèle 
Published: September 2009

Résumé La rue festive renvoie autant à la notion d’ambiance, de style d’être qu’à celle de manifestation calendaire exceptionnelle. Elle est comme une cristallisation d’attentes multiples de différents acteurs et populations qui, à des fins ludiques et revendicatives, font de certaines rues, de certains espaces publics, leurs territoires. Des logiques, contradictoires en soi (marchande, associative, politique), peuvent y coopérer et aboutir à la reconstruction symbolique d’un lieu, comme le canal Saint-Martin, qui à terme peut fonctionner comme un lieu de pur « spectacle ».
Servir l'état, un idéal encore moderne ?
Authors: Dreyfus Françoise 
Published: September 2009

Résumé Dans la mesure où le rôle de l’État est mis en question depuis deux décennies et où la signification des valeurs qui le légitiment est de plus en plus incertaine, peut-on encore avoir l’ambition de servir l’État ? Les changements auxquels ce dernier est confronté impliquent que soient repensés le périmètre et les modalités de son action : ce vaste chantier de la « modernisation » devrait attirer, aujourd’hui comme dans le passé, les jeunes diplômés qui ambitionnent d’être des acteurs de la réforme.
L'instabilité du système partisan. Le maillon faible de la consolidation démocratique en Pologne
Authors: Ekiert Grzegorz 
Published: September 2009

Résumé Depuis 1989, la démocratie polonaise n’a pas réussi à consolider son système partisan, entraînant un vaste mécontentement populaire. Les dernières élections indiquent que la Pologne est en train de connaître un réalignement politique majeur : pour la première fois, la coalition au pouvoir compte extrémistes de droite, nationalistes et populistes opportunistes qui rejettent le programme de réforme, ainsi que les objectifs et stratégies mis en place par les gouvernements précédents. Ce système partisan idiosyncrasique – marqué par une instabilité inhérente, une faiblesse organisationnelle, une tendance croissante à l’extrémisme politique et dont le programme rétrograde risque d’affecter le processus de modernisation amorcé depuis quinze ans – remet sérieusement en question les engagements de la Pologne envers l’UE.
Progrès et limites de l'état de droit
Authors: Kruk Maria 
Published: September 2009

Résumé Cette étude présente le processus de construction de l’État de droit en Pologne, à travers les limites et les risques qui entravent sa réussite. En 1989, en Pologne comme dans d’autres États de l’Europe centrale et orientale, la chute du communisme a permis d’intégrer une clause de l’État de droit dans l’ordre constitutionnel. Dès sa constitutionnalisation, si le principe est d’emblée entré en vigueur, la formation de son arrière-base doctrinale et juridique n’en est qu’à ses balbutiements. L’État de droit est sans cesse menacé par les conditions spécifiques de la transformation : les règlements de comptes du passé, la faiblesse du système des partis politiques, les difficultés des transformations économiques, la fragilité de la société citoyenne, l’insuffisance législative ou le populisme. La dernière période où – d’après certains – le risque s’accroît vérifiera la solidité de l’État en Pologne.
Les radicaux au pouvoir et la transformation de la Pologne
Authors: Smolar Aleksander 
Published: September 2009

Résumé Au moment où elle a toutes les raisons de fêter les grands succès d’une transformation postcommuniste, la Pologne traverse une crise politique dont les conséquences sociales, économiques et internationales sont difficiles à prévoir. La droite, parvenue au pouvoir à l’automne 2005, remet en question le modèle de transformation adopté. Selon elle, après les négociations de la « Table ronde » de 1989, les hommes de l’ancien régime avec l’aide de leurs alliés, les modérés de Solidarnosc, ont pu conserver une large part de leur pouvoir. Ensemble, ils dominent l’administration publique, occupent des postes clés dans l’armée, la police, les médias et l’économie, corrompant et affaiblissant l’État. La confrontation avec les ex-communistes et leurs alliés constitue ainsi pour les radicaux un enjeu politique majeur. Il s’agit non seulement de combattre les pathologies des transformations, mais aussi de mettre en œuvre une véritable révolution institutionnelle et juridique, ainsi qu’un ordre moral fondé sur une distinction claire entre la vérité et le mensonge, le bien et le mal.