bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the hydrolyzed wheat gluten/wheat starch ratio on the viscoelastic properties of rubber composites
Authors: Jong Lei 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHydrolyzed wheat gluten (WG) and wheat starch (WS) showed substantial reinforcement effects in rubber composites. Because of the different abilities of WG and WS to increase the modulus of rubber composites, the composite properties could be adjusted by the variation of the ratio of WG to WS as a cofiller. WS and WG composites were less temperature‐dependent than carbon black (CB) composites, and the cofiller composites became more temperature‐dependent as the WG content increased. WS showed the greatest reinforcement effect, whereas WG and CB had similar effects. The cofiller composites had a reinforcement effect between those of the WG and WS single‐filler composites. For fatigue and recovery properties, the initial structures of the WS composites were more stable at smaller strains, but they broke down at larger strains without much recovery. The WG and CB composites, on the other hand, had a less stable composite structure at smaller strains but had better recoverability. The cofiller composites reflected the characteristics of the single‐filler composites. With respect to the residual structures of these composites after the strain cycles, the WG composites were the most elastic in the small strain region, and the structures of the cofiller composites became less elastic as the WS content increased. The extent of stress softening indicated that the WS composites had significant structural deformation and were less elastic in comparison with the WG and CB composites. The hydrolyzed WG‐dominated composites exhibited viscoelastic behavior similar to that of CB composites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Noncatalytic curing of an epoxy siloxane monomer with 1,2,4‐cyclohexanetricarboxylic anhydride: Properties and light‐emitting diode encapsulation
Authors: Morita Yasumasa 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe noncatalytic anhydride curing of an epoxy siloxane monomer, 1,3‐bis[2‐(3‐{7‐oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptyl})ethyl]tetramethyldisiloxane, with 1,2,4‐cyclohexanetricarboxylic anhydride (H‐TMAn) and methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride (MeHHPA) was studied. Different H‐TMAn concentrations, ranging from 13 to 58 mol %, were evaluated. The highest curing exotherm and highest glass‐transition temperature were both found at 50 mol %. MeHHPA showed a sharp dependence of the thermal stability and thermal discoloration on the anhydride concentration. In contrast, the H‐TMAn concentration did not much affect the thermal stability or thermal discoloration. H‐TMAn could be diluted up to 3 times with MeHHPA to reduce the initial viscosity without a loss of noncatalytic reactivity. Unlike MeHHPA, H‐TMAn experienced very little anhydride evaporation and weight reduction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and properties of reactive interfacial agents for polycaprolactone‐starch blends
Authors: Sugih Asaf K. , Drijfhout Jan. P. , Picchioni Francesco , Janssen Leon P. B. M. , Heeres Hero J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of two reactive interfacial agents for starch‐polycaprolactone (PCL) blends, PCL‐g‐glycidyl methacrylate (PCL‐g‐GMA) and PCL‐g‐diethyl maleate (PCL‐g‐DEM) is described. The compounds were prepared by reacting a low molecular weight PCL (Mw 3000) with GMA or DEM in the presence of benzoylperoxide (BPO) at 130°C. The effect of important process variables (initiator and monomer intakes) on the functionalization degree (FD) of the GMA and DEM units to the PCL backbone was explored in detail and quantified using multivariable linear regression. The highest FD values (up to 45%) were observed for PCL‐g‐GMA, at relatively high GMA and BPO intakes. The FD values for PCL‐g‐DEM were considerably lower (up to 7%). The reactive interfacial agents were tested for their performance in starch‐PCL blends. The mechanical properties of the compatibilized blends differ from the uncompatibilized ones and in particular the elastic modulus for the compatibilized blends is significantly higher. At relatively low starch intakes, PCL‐g‐DEM has at least a comparable performance than PCL‐g‐GMA. These observations may be explained tentatively on the basis of the distribution of the functional groups (GMA or DEM) along the PCL backbone. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Relative Exposure Index: an important factor in sea turtle nesting distribution
Authors: Garcon J. Santana , Grech A. , Moloney J. , Hamann M. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The threatened status of many sea turtle populations and their vulnerability to coastal development and predicted climate change emphasize the importance of understanding the role of environmental factors in their distribution and ecological processes. The factors driving the distribution of sea turtle nesting sites at a broad spatial scale is poorly understood.
In light of the lack of understanding about physical factors that drive the distribution of turtle nesting, the relationship between nesting site distribution and the exposure of coastal areas to wind and wind‐generated waves was analysed. To achieve this, a Relative Exposure Index (REI) was developed for an extensive area in north‐eastern Australia and values of the index for nesting sites of five different sea turtle species and randomly selected non‐nesting sites were compared.
Although there are differences between species, the results show that sea turtles nest in areas of higher REI values suggesting that wind exposure is related to the spatial distribution of sea turtle nesting sites, and it may also influence nest site selection in female turtles and/or the dispersal of hatchlings towards oceanic currents.
The combination of these results with further research on other driving environmental factors, like oceanic currents, has the potential to allow for the identification and prediction of future nesting sites, for which conservation and management may become essential. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moral Dilemmas Film Task: a study of spontaneous narratives by individuals with autism spectrum conditions
Authors: Barnes Jennifer L. , Lombardo Michael V. , Wheelwright Sally , Baron‐Cohen Simon 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPeople with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have difficulties with mentalizing, empathy, and narrative comprehension. A new test of social and narrative cognition, the Moral Dilemmas Film Task, was developed to probe individuals' spontaneous understanding of naturalistic film scenes. Twenty‐eight individuals with ASC and 28 neurotypical controls, matched for age, sex, and IQ, watched four short emotionally charged film clips each depicting a moral dilemma, and were asked to write about what they had seen. Individuals with ASC produced significantly shorter film‐based narratives and showed a smaller bias for mental states over objects in their narratives than controls. A significant correlation was found between verbal IQ and the level of mentalizing in film narratives for the ASC group, but not the control group, while the reverse pattern was found with a measure of self‐reported cognitive and affective empathy. These results suggest that to the extent that both groups succeed in viewing moral dilemmas in terms of mental content, they do so in different ways, with individuals with ASC using verbal scaffolding to increase their ability to draw meaning from social scenes. The well‐established empathy deficit in ASC extends to spontaneous interpretation of moral dilemmas. This new film task has the potential to assay different aspects of how the social world is represented differently in ASC, including during moral comprehension.
Simultaneous saccharification and co‐fermentation of paper sludge to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae RWB222. Part II: Investigation of discrepancies between predicted and observed performance at high solids concentration
Authors: Zhang Jiayi , Shao Xiongjun , Lynd Lee R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe simultaneous saccharification and co‐fermentation (SSCF) kinetic model described in the companion paper can predict batch and fed batch fermentations well at solids concentrations up to 62.4 g/L cellulose paper sludge but not in batch fermentation at 82.0 g/L cellulose paper sludge. Four hypotheses for the discrepancy between observation and model prediction at high solids concentration were examined: ethanol inhibition, enzyme deactivation, inhibition by non‐metabolizable compounds present in paper sludge, and mass transfer limitation. The results show that mass transfer limitation was responsible for the discrepancy between model and experimental data. The model can predict the value of high paper sludge SSCF in the fermentation period with no mass transfer limitation. The model predicted that maximum ethanol production of fed‐batch fermentation was achieved when it was run as close to batch mode as possible with the initial solids loading below the mass transfer limitation threshold. A method for measuring final enzyme activity at the end of fermentation was also developed in this study. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 932–938. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photosynthetic microbial fuel cells with positive light response
Authors: Zou Yongjin , Pisciotta John , Billmyre R. Blake , Baskakov Ilia V. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe current study introduces an aerobic single‐chamber photosynthetic microbial fuel cell (PMFC). Evaluation of PMFC performance using naturally growing fresh‐water photosynthetic biofilm revealed a weak positive light response, that is, an increase in cell voltage upon illumination. When the PMFC anodes were coated with electrically conductive polymers, the rate of voltage increased and the amplitude of the light response improved significantly. The rapid immediate positive response to light was consistent with a mechanism postulating that the photosynthetic electron‐transfer chain is the source of the electrons harvested on the anode surface. This mechanism is fundamentally different from the one exploited in previously designed anaerobic microbial fuel cells (MFCs), sediment MFCs, or anaerobic PMFCs, where the electrons are derived from the respiratory electron‐transfer chain. The power densities produced in PMFCs were substantially lower than those that are currently reported for conventional MFC (0.95 mW/m2 for polyaniline‐coated and 1.3 mW/m2 for polypyrrole‐coated anodes). However, the PMFC did not depend on an organic substrate as an energy source and was powered only by light energy. Its operation was CO2‐neutral and did not require buffers or exogenous electron transfer shuttles. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 939–946. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A biomimetic tubular scaffold with spatially designed nanofibers of protein/PDS® bio‐blends
Authors: Thomas Vinoy , Zhang Xing , Vohra Yogesh K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractElectrospun tubular conduit (4 mm inner diameter) based on blends of polydioxanone (PDS II®) and proteins such as gelatin and elastin having a spatially designed trilayer structure was prepared for arterial scaffolds. SEM analysis of scaffolds showed random nanofibrous morphology and well‐interconnected pore network. Due to protein blending, the fiber diameter was reduced from 800–950 nm range to 300–500 nm range. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results confirmed the blended composition and crystallinity of fibers. Pure PDS scaffold under hydrated state exhibited a tensile strength of 5.61 ± 0.42 MPa and a modulus of 17.11 ± 1.13 MPa with a failure strain of 216.7 ± 13%. The blending of PDS with elastin and gelatin has decreased the tensile properties. A trilayer tubular scaffold was fabricated by sequential electrospinning of blends of elastin/gelatin, PDS/elastin/gelatin, and PDS/gelatin (EG/PEG/PG) to mimic the complex matrix structure of native arteries. Under hydrated state, the trilayer conduit exhibited tensile properties (tensile strength of 1.77 ± 0.2 MPa and elastic modulus of 5.74 ± 3 MPa with a failure strain of 75.08 ± 10%) comparable to those of native arteries. In vitro degradation studies for up to 30 days showed about 40% mass loss and increase in crystallinity due to the removal of proteins and “cleavage‐induced crystallization” of PDS. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 1025–1033. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
‘Moved around like bags of rubbish nobody wants’: how multiple placement moves can make young women vulnerable to sexual exploitation
Authors: Coy Maddy 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper discusses findings from an exploratory study that sought to identify how local authority care places young women at risk of sexual exploitation through prostitution by unpicking the ‘culture of care’, and focuses on frequent placement moves and the role of discontinuity. The author's experience of working with sexually exploited young women in local authority care, and women in street prostitution, provides a backdrop for the study. Findings are drawn from life story interviews with 14 young women with backgrounds of local authority care and prostitution and the ethical dimensions are also discussed. Young women reported that multiple placement moves within care were profoundly destabilising. Their capacities to develop trusting relationships with others and feel settled were limited by frequent placement breakdowns, leading to a kaleidoscope of ways in which they became vulnerable to sexual exploitation through prostitution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiproliferation and Apoptosis Induced by Evodiamine in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells (COLO‐205)
Authors: Yang Zhi‐Gang , Chen A‐Qin , Liu Bo 
Published: June 2009

Abstractmagnified imageEvodiamine (1), a biologically active alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa (known in Chinese as Wu‐Chu‐Yu), has antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer activities. It has recently been demonstrated that the cytotoxic activities of 1 might be due to its ability to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of 1 on growth and apoptosis in COLO‐205 cells by MTT assay, fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, DNA fragmentation assay, flow cytometry, immunohistochemical analysis, Western blotting, and caspase‐3 activity assay. Our data revealed that 1 could significantly inhibit COLO‐205 cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner, and 1‐treated COLO‐205 cells displayed typical morphological apoptotic characteristics and formation of DNA ladders in agarose gel electrophoresis. The COLO‐205 cell cycle was arrested in G2/M phase by 1. Meanwhile, 1 increased the expression of Bax and p53, decreased the expression of Bcl‐2, lowered the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and induced the activation of caspase‐3. These activities may contribute to the anticarcinogenic action of 1.
Folding and Unfolding of Two Mixed α/β Peptides
Authors: Wang Dongqi , Jaun Bernhard , van Gunsteren Wilfred F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe present a molecular dynamics simulation study of two peptides containing α‐ and β‐amino acid residues. According to experiment, the two peptides differ in the dominant fold when solvated in methanol: one shows a helical fold, the other a β hairpin. The simulations at 300 and 340 K were done by starting from a NMR spectroscopic model structure and from an extended (denatured) structure. The typical structural features of the two peptides are reproduced and a folding/unfolding equilibrium is observed on the nanosecond timescale at 300 K. Analysis of proton–proton NOE distance bounds and backbone 3J coupling constants gives results consistent with the experimental data. We conclude that our simulations are complementary to the experiments by providing detailed information on the conformational distributions.
Biocatalytic Routes to Optically Active Amines
Authors: Höhne Matthias , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOptically active amines and amino acids play an important role in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and chemical industries. They are frequently used as synthons for the preparation of various pharmaceutically active substances and agrochemicals, but also as resolving agents to obtain chiral carboxylic acids. Consequently, there is a need for efficient methods to obtain the desired enantiomer of a given target structure in optically pure form. Beside a range of chemical methods using for example, asymmetric synthesis with transition metal catalysts, enzymes represent a useful alternative to access this important class of compounds. This review covers biocatalytic approaches using hydrolases (i.e. lipases, amidases), monoamine oxidase and other enzymes. Special focus is given on the application of ω‐transaminases with emphasis on concepts to allow efficient asymmetric synthesis starting from prostereogenic ketones.
Hybrid Polymerization of Vinyl and Hetero‐Ring Groups of Glycidyl Methacrylate Resulting in Thermoresponsive Hyperbranched Polymers Displaying a Wide Range of Lower Critical Solution Temperatures
Authors: Jia Zhifeng , Li Guolin , Zhu Qi , Yan Deyue , Zhu Xinyuan , Chen Hao , Wu Jieli , Tu Chunlai , Sun Jian 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHybrid polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with potassium hydride (KH) and various oligo(ethylene glycol)s as the initiating system, in which both vinyl polymerization and ring‐opening polymerization occur simultaneously, generates hyperbranched poly(ether‐ester)s. The reaction process has been followed by an in situ nuclear magnetic resonance technique. The experimental results indicate that both the vinyl and epoxy groups of GMA undergo polymerization, with the reactivity of the latter being much higher than that of the former. Interestingly, the resulting hyperbranched polymers exhibit a sharp phase transition in water at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Significantly, the LCST values can be accurately controlled from 0 to 100 °C by changing the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of GMA and various oligo(ethylene glycol)s or by modification of the precursor polymer through acetylation. This novel stimuli‐responsive hyperbranched polymer is a promising candidate for a new generation of commercially viable thermoresponsive polymers following on from the widely used poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM).
A Complete Multiscale Modelling Approach for Polymer–Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Scocchi Giulio , Posocco Paola , Handgraaf Jan‐Willem , Fraaije Johannes G. E. M. , Fermeglia Maurizio , Pricl Sabrina 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe present an innovative, multiscale computational approach to probe the behaviour of polymer–clay nanocomposites (PCNs). Our modeling recipe is based on 1) quantum/force‐field‐based atomistic simulation to derive interaction energies among all system components; 2) mapping of these values onto mesoscopic bead–field (MBF) hybrid‐method parameters; 3) mesoscopic simulations to determine system density distributions and morphologies (i.e., intercalated versus exfoliated); and 4) simulations at finite‐element levels to calculate the relative macroscopic properties. The entire computational procedure has been applied to two well‐known PCN systems, namely Nylon 6/Cloisite 20A and Nylon 6/Cloisite 30B, as test materials, and their mechanical properties were predicted in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. Importantly, our methodology is a truly bottom‐up approach, and no “learning from experiment” was needed in any step of the entire procedure.
Electrochemical Properties of a Disilene, a Tetrasila‐1,3‐butadiene, and Their Germanium Analogues
Authors: Schäfer Annemarie , Weidenbruch Manfred , Müller Thomas , Pravinkumar Kendrekar , Becker James Y. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe redox properties of aryl‐substituted disilene (1), tetrasila‐1,3‐butadiene (2), digermene (3), and tetragerma‐1,3‐butadiene (4) (in which the aryl group is 2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl) have been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in two different solvents. In o‐dichlorobenzene, disilene 1 exhibited reversible redox couples in both oxidation and reduction processes, whereas tetrasilabutadiene 2 showed a reversible behavior only in its oxidation and an irreversible wave in its reduction. Tetragermabutadiene 4 afforded a reversible couple in its reduction and an irreversible wave in its oxidation, whereas digermene 3 showed only an irreversible oxidation wave but no reduction one. In comparison, all observed oxidation and reduction waves in THF were irreversible. In both solvents, the same trend of decreasing ease of oxidation has been observed: 2>4>3>1. The calculated vertical ionization energies (Ei) for the 2,6‐dimethylphenyl‐substituted model compounds 9–12 afforded a trend of ease of oxidation that decreases in the series tetrasilabutadiene 10>tetragermabutadiene 12>disilene 9>digermene 11. This predicted trend parallels the measured oxidation potentials in the sense that the heavy butadienes are easier to oxidize than the heavy alkenes. The trend in the reduction direction has been found to be different in the two solvents studied. The computed electron affinities (Eea) for compounds 9–12 indicated that the ease of reduction decreased in the sequence tetragermabutadiene 12>tetrasilabutadiene 10>digermene 11>disilene 9. However, no straightforward relation between the computed electron affinities and the experimentally measured reduction potentials has been found.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Vanadium Tellurium Oxide, NiV2Te2O10.
Authors: Zhang Dong , Johnsson Mats 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Barium Silicate, Li2BaSiO4, from Synchrotron Powder Data.
Authors: Kim Jinyoung , Ahn Docheon , Kulshreshtha Chandramouli , Sohn Kee‐Sun , Shin Namsoo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Thermal Expansion of the Low‐ and High‐Temperature Forms of BaMIV(PO4)2 Compounds (M: Ti, Zr, Hf and Sn).
Authors: Bregiroux D. , Popa K. , Jardin R. , Raison P. E. , Wallez G. , Quarton M. , Brunelli M. , Ferrero C. , Caciuffo R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: GeTe2O6, a Germanium Tellurate(IV) with an Open Framework.
Authors: Boukharrata Nefla Jennene , Thomas Philippe , Laval Jean‐Paul 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal and Electronic Structures of Three New Potassium Cadmium(II)/Zinc(II) Tellurides: K2Cd2Te3, K6CdTe4 and K2ZnTe2.
Authors: Li Min‐Jie , Hu Chun‐Li , Lei Xiao‐Wu , Zhou Yong , Mao Jiang‐Gao 
Published: July 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.