bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The crossroads of work and home: linkages between smoke-free policies at work and household environments
Authors: Gupta Amrita , Bansal Anjali , Dixit Priyanka , Kumar K. Anil 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Tobacco use causes over eight million global deaths annually, with seven million directly attributed to tobacco use and 1.2 million to second hand smoke (SHS). Smoke-free environments are crucial to counter SHS. Although India banned smoking in public places in 2008, SHS exposure remains high. Studies have noted that limiting smoking in workplaces, restaurants, etc., helps to reduce overall smoking and reduce SHS exposure. Under this background, the study explores the linkages between smoke-free workplaces and living in smoke-free homes in India.

Methods
The two rounds of the GATS India (2009-10 and 2016-17) have been used for the study. The study focuses on male tobacco smokers working indoors or outdoors or both indoors and outdoors. The sample for the study was 2,969 for GATS 1 and 2,801 for GATS 2. Dependent variables include living in a smoke-free home, while the independent variables were adherence to a smoke-free office policy and socio-demographic variables. The two rounds of the GATS data were pooled for analysis. Statistical analysis involves bivariate and multivariate analysis.

Results
Findings reveal that 41% of respondents worked in smoke-free workplaces in GATS 2. Nationally, smoke-free homes increased from 35% in 2009–2010 to 44% in 2016-17. Individuals with smoke-free workplaces were more likely to have smoke-free homes. The Southern region consistently exhibited the highest proportion of smoke-free homes. Urban areas and higher education correlated with increased smoke-free homes. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that workplace smoke-free status is a significant predictor of smoke-free homes. In GATS 2, respondents aged 30 years and above were less likely to have smoke-free homes, while education and Southern region residence positively influenced smoke-free homes.

Conclusions
The correlation between smoke-free workplaces and smoke-free homes is linked to stringent workplace no-smoking policies, potentially deterring individuals from smoking at home. Opportunities exist for the expansion and stringent implementation of the smoke-free policies among Indian working adults, leveraging the workplace as a key setting for evidence-based tobacco control. The study highlights positive trends in India’s smoke-free homes, crediting workplace policies. Effective policies, education, and regional strategies can advance smoke-free homes, stressing the pivotal role of workplace policies and advocating broader implementation.
Willingness and hesitancy towards the governmental free human papillomavirus vaccination among parents of eligible adolescent girls in Shenzhen, Southern China
Authors: Wu Dadong , Liu Peiyi , Wang He , Wan Wenwen , Wang Yueyun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Since 2020, China has actively promoted HPV vaccination for eligible adolescent girls through various pilot programmes. This study investigated parental willingness and hesitancy towards the government-sponsored, free human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for eligible adolescent girls in Shenzhen, Southern China.

Methods
From June to August 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with parents of girls entering Grade 7, employing an adapted Vaccine Hesitancy Scale to assess vaccine hesitancy and logistic regression to identify factors influencing willingness to accept the free domestic vaccines.

Results
Although only 3.4% of the 2856 respondents had their daughters vaccinated against HPV prior to the survey, 91.7% were willing to utilise the governmental vaccination services. Parents with children in public schools (χ2 = 20.08, p < 0.001), those with more secure medical insurance (χ2 = 4.97, p = 0.026), and parents who had received an HPV vaccine themselves (χ2 = 28.829, p < 0.001) showed more reluctance towards the free vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy was presented in a mere 2.1% but was a significant predictor of vaccine refusal, even after adjusting for multiple factors (adjusted OR = 15.98, 95% CI: 9.06, 28.20). Notably, about four-fifths of parents of unvaccinated daughters harboured concerns about the safety and efficacy of the domestic vaccine.

Conclusions
Although parents show a strong inclination to utilise the government vaccination services, their vaccine hesitancy, driven by safety concerns and a preference for imported vaccines, remains a significant barrier for rolling out vaccination coverage. This study highlights the need for multifaceted intervention strategies that address these issues to enhance HPV vaccine uptake effectively.
A NLP-based semi-automatic identification system for delays in follow-up examinations: an Italian case study on clinical referrals
Authors: Torri Vittorio , Ercolanoni Michele , Bortolan Francesco , Leoni Olivia , Ieva Francesca 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aims to propose a semi-automatic method for monitoring the waiting times of follow-up examinations within the National Health System (NHS) in Italy, which is currently not possible to due the absence of the necessary structured information in the official databases.

Methods
A Natural Language Processing (NLP) based pipeline has been developed to extract the waiting time information from the text of referrals for follow-up examinations in the Lombardy Region. A manually annotated dataset of 10 000 referrals has been used to develop the pipeline and another manually annotated dataset of 10 000 referrals has been used to test its performance. Subsequently, the pipeline has been used to analyze all 12 million referrals prescribed in 2021 and performed by May 2022 in the Lombardy Region.

Results
The NLP-based pipeline exhibited high precision (0.999) and recall (0.973) in identifying waiting time information from referrals’ texts, with high accuracy in normalization (0.948-0.998). The overall reporting of timing indications in referrals’ texts for follow-up examinations was low (2%), showing notable variations across medical disciplines and types of prescribing physicians. Among the referrals reporting waiting times, 16% experienced delays (average delay = 19 days, standard deviation = 34 days), with significant differences observed across medical disciplines and geographical areas.

Conclusions
The use of NLP proved to be a valuable tool for assessing waiting times in follow-up examinations, which are particularly critical for the NHS due to the significant impact of chronic diseases, where follow-up exams are pivotal. Health authorities can exploit this tool to monitor the quality of NHS services and optimize resource allocation.
Identification and validation of a novel predictive signature based on hepatocyte-specific genes in hepatocellular carcinoma by integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing
Authors: He Yujian , Qi Wei , Xie Xiaoli , Jiang Huiqing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma represents a significant global burden in terms of cancer-related mortality, posing a substantial risk to human health. Despite the availability of various treatment modalities, the overall survival rates for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma remain suboptimal. The objective of this study was to explore the potential of novel biomarkers and to establish a novel predictive signature utilizing multiple transcriptome profiles.

Methods
The GSE115469 and CNP0000650 cohorts were utilized for single cell analysis and gene identification. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) datasets were utilized in the development and evaluation of a predictive signature. The expressions of hepatocyte-specific genes were further validated using the GSE135631 cohort. Furthermore, immune infiltration results, immunotherapy response prediction, somatic mutation frequency, tumor mutation burden, and anticancer drug sensitivity were analyzed based on various risk scores. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis was performed on the differential genes identified in the risk model. Moreover, we investigated the expression of particular genes in chronic liver diseases utilizing datasets GSE135251 and GSE142530.

Results
Our findings revealed hepatocyte-specific genes (ADH4, LCAT) with notable alterations during cell maturation and differentiation, leading to the development of a novel predictive signature. The analysis demonstrated the efficacy of the model in predicting outcomes, as evidenced by higher risk scores and poorer prognoses in the high-risk group. Additionally, a nomogram was devised to forecast the survival rates of patients at 1, 3, and 5 years. Our study demonstrated that the predictive model may play a role in modulating the immune microenvironment and impacting the anti-tumor immune response in hepatocellular carcinoma. The high-risk group exhibited a higher frequency of mutations and was more likely to benefit from immunotherapy as a treatment option. Additionally, we confirmed that the downregulation of hepatocyte-specific genes may indicate the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and aid in the early diagnosis of the disease.

Conclusion
Our research findings indicate that ADH4 and LCAT are genes that undergo significant changes during the differentiation of hepatocytes into cancer cells. Additionally, we have created a unique predictive signature based on genes specific to hepatocytes.
Blood cell parameters and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhu Nan , Wang Xiaoliang , Zhu Huiting , Zheng Yue 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is on the rise globally, and past research suggests a significant association with various blood cell components. Our goal is to explore the potential correlation between whole blood cell indices and NAFLD risk using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods
We analyzed data from 4,198 participants in the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to investigate the link between blood cell indicators and NAFLD. Using various methods like weighted quantile sum and multivariate logistic regression, we assessed the association. Additionally, two-sample Mendelian randomization were employed to infer causality for 36 blood cell indicators and NAFLD.

Results
Multivariate logistic regression identified 10 NAFLD risk factors. Weighted quantile sum revealed a positive correlation (p = 6.03e-07) between total blood cell indices and NAFLD, with hemoglobin and lymphocyte counts as key contributors. Restricted cubic spline analysis found five indicators with significant nonlinear correlations to NAFLD. Mendelian randomization showed a notable association between reticulocyte counts and NAFLD using the inverse-variance weighted method.

Conclusions
Hematological markers pose an independent NAFLD risk, with a positive causal link found for reticulocyte count. These results emphasize the importance of monitoring NAFLD and investigating specific underlying mechanisms further.
Video-based analysis of the blink reflex in Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Jansen Talisa S. , Güney Gökhan , Ganse Bergita , Monje Mariana H. G. , Schulz Jörg B. , Dafotakis Manuel , Hoog Antink Christoph , Braczynski Anne K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe developed a video-based tool to quantitatively assess the Glabellar Tap Reflex (GTR) in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (iPD) as well as healthy age-matched participants. We also video-graphically assessed the effect of dopaminergic medication on the GTR in iPD patients, as well as the frequency and blinking duration of reflex and non-reflex blinks. The Glabellar Tap Reflex is a clinical sign seen in patients e.g. suffering from iPD. Reliable tools to quantify this sign are lacking. Methods: We recorded the GTR in 11 iPD patients and 12 healthy controls (HC) with a consumer-grade camera at a framerate of at least 180 images/s. In these videos, reflex and non-reflex blinks were analyzed for blink count and blinking duration in an automated fashion. Results: With our setup, the GTR can be extracted from high-framerate cameras using landmarks of the MediaPipe face algorithm. iPD patients did not habituate to the GTR; dopaminergic medication did not alter that response. iPD patients’ non-reflex blinks were higher in frequency and higher in blinking duration (width at half prominence); dopaminergic medication decreased the median frequency (Before medication—HC: p < 0.001, After medication—HC: p = 0.0026) and decreased the median blinking duration (Before medication—HC: p = 0.8594, After medication—HC: p = 0.6943)—both in the direction of HC. Conclusion: We developed a quantitative, video-based tool to assess the GTR and other blinking-specific parameters in HC and iPD patients. Further studies could compare the video data to electromyogram (EMG) data for accuracy and comparability, as well as evaluate the specificity of the GTR in patients with other neurodegenerative disorders, in whom the GTR can also be present. Significance: The video-based detection of the blinking parameters allows for unobtrusive measurement in patients, a safer and more comfortable option.
A comprehensive multivariate analysis of the center of pressure during quiet standing in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Fujii Shintaro , Takamura Yusaku , Ikuno Koki , Morioka Shu , Kawashima Noritaka 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
We hypothesized that postural instability observed in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) can be classified as distinct subtypes based on comprehensive analyses of various evaluated parameters obtained from time-series of center of pressure (CoP) data during quiet standing. The aim of this study was to characterize the postural control patterns in PD patients by performing an exploratory factor analysis and subsequent cluster analysis using CoP time-series data during quiet standing.

Methods
127 PD patients, 47 aged 65 years or older healthy older adults, and 71 healthy young adults participated in this study. Subjects maintain quiet standing for 30 s on a force platform and 23 variables were calculated from the measured CoP time-series data. Exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis with a Gaussian mixture model using factors were performed on each variable to classify subgroups based on differences in characteristics of postural instability in PD.

Results
The factor analysis identified five factors (magnitude of sway, medio-lateral frequency, anterio-posterior frequency, component of high frequency, and closed-loop control). Based on the five extracted factors, six distinct subtypes were identified, which can be considered as subtypes of distinct manifestations of postural disorders in PD patients. Factor loading scores for the clinical classifications (younger, older, and PD severity) overlapped, but the cluster classification scores were clearly separated.

Conclusions
The cluster categorization clearly identifies symptom-dependent differences in the characteristics of the CoP, suggesting that the detected clusters can be regarded as subtypes of distinct manifestations of postural disorders in patients with PD.
Mean computed tomography value to predict spread through air spaces in clinical N0 lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yamamoto Marino , Tamura Masaya , Miyazaki Ryohei , Okada Hironobu , Wada Noriko , Toi Makoto , Murakami Ichiro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to assess the ability of radiologic factors such as mean computed tomography (mCT) value, consolidation/tumor ratio (C/T ratio), solid tumor size, and the maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax) value by F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to predict the presence of spread through air spaces (STAS) of lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on 118 patients those diagnosed with clinically without lymph node metastasis and having a pathological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma after undergoing surgery. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to assess the ability to use mCT value, C/T ratio, tumor size, and SUVmax value to predict STAS. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent variables for the prediction of STAS.

Results
Forty-one lesions (34.7%) were positive for STAS and 77 lesions were negative for STAS. The STAS positive group was strongly associated with a high mCT value, high C/T ratio, large solid tumor size, large tumor size and high SUVmax value. The mCT values were − 324.9 ± 19.3 HU for STAS negative group and − 173.0 ± 26.3 HU for STAS positive group (p < 0.0001). The ROC area under the curve of the mCT value was the highest (0.738), followed by SUVmax value (0.720), C/T ratio (0.665), solid tumor size (0.649). Multiple logistic regression analyses using the preoperatively determined variables revealed that mCT value (p = 0.015) was independent predictive factors of predicting STAS. The maximum sensitivity and specificity were obtained at a cutoff value of − 251.8 HU.

Conclusions
The evaluation of mCT value has a possibility to predict STAS and may potentially contribute to the selection of suitable treatment strategies.
Intraoperative central venous pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass is an alternative indicator for early prediction of acute kidney injury in adult cardiac surgery
Authors: Wang Lei , Hu Lanxin , yan Dai Qiong , Qi HaoYu , Wang ZhenHong , Chen Xin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The relationship between venous congestion in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and acute kidney injury (AKI) in cardiac surgery has not utterly substantiated. This study aimed at investigate the relationship between CVP in CPB and the occurrence of AKI.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 2048 consecutive patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing cardiac procedure with CPB from January 2018 to December 2022. We used the median CVP value obtained during CPB for our analysis and patients were grouped according to this parameter. The primary outcomes were AKI and renal replacement therapy(RRT). Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the association between CVP and AKI.

Results
A total of 2048 patients were enrolled in our study and divided into high CVP group (CVP ≥ 6.5 mmHg) and low CVP group (CVP < 6.5 mmHg) according to the median CVP value. Patients in high CVP group had the high AKI and RRT rate when compared to the low CVPgroup[(367/912,40.24%)vs.(408/1136,35.92%),P = 0.045;(16/912,1.75%vs.9/1136;0.79%), P = 0.049]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis displayed CVP played an indispensable part in development of renal failure in surgical.

Conclusions
Elevated CVP(≥ 6.5mmH2OmmHg) in CPB during cardiac operation is associated with an increased risk of AKI in cardiovascular surgery patients. Clinical attention should be paid to the potential role of CVP in predicting the occurrence of AKI.
Epigenetic regulation of diverse cell death modalities in cancer: a focus on pyroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and disulfidptosis
Authors: Zhou Shimeng , Liu Junlan , Wan Andi , Zhang Yi , Qi Xiaowei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTumor is a local tissue hyperplasia resulted from cancerous transformation of normal cells under the action of various physical, chemical and biological factors. The exploration of tumorigenesis mechanism is crucial for early prevention and treatment of tumors. Epigenetic modification is a common and important modification in cells, including DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNA modification and m6A modification. The normal mode of cell death is programmed by cell death-related genes; however, recent researches have revealed some new modes of cell death, including pyroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis and disulfidptosis. Epigenetic regulation of various cell deaths is mainly involved in the regulation of key cell death proteins and affects cell death by up-regulating or down-regulating the expression levels of key proteins. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of epigenetic modifications regulating pyroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis and disulfidptosis of tumor cells, explore possible triggering factors in tumor development from a microscopic point of view, and provide potential targets for tumor therapy and new perspective for the development of antitumor drugs or combination therapies.
The usage of population and disease registries as pre-screening tools for clinical trials, a systematic review
Authors: Foucher Juliette , Azizi Louisa , Öijerstedt Linn , Kläppe Ulf , Ingre Caroline 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
This systematic review aims to outline the use of population and disease registries for clinical trial pre-screening.

Materials and methods
The search was conducted in the time period of January 2014 to December 2022 in three databases: MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection. References were screened using the Rayyan software, firstly based on titles and abstracts only, and secondly through full text review. Quality of the included studies was assessed using the List of Included Studies and quality Assurance in Review tool, enabling inclusion of publications of only moderate to high quality.

Results
The search originally identified 1430 citations, but only 24 studies were included, reporting the use of population and/or disease registries for trial pre-screening. Nine disease domains were represented, with 54% of studies using registries based in the USA, and 62.5% of the studies using national registries. Half of the studies reported usage for drug trials, and over 478,679 patients were identified through registries in this review. Main advantages of the pre-screening methodology were reduced financial burden and time reduction.

Discussion and conclusion
The use of registries for trial pre-screening increases reproducibility of the pre-screening process across trials and sites, allowing for implementation and improvement of a quality assurance process. Pre-screening strategies seem under-reported, and we encourage more trials to use and describe their pre-screening processes, as there is a need for standardized methodological guidelines.
Emerging therapeutic frontiers in cancer: insights into posttranslational modifications of PD-1/PD-L1 and regulatory pathways
Authors: Wang Rong , He Shiwei , Long Jun , Wang Yian , Jiang Xianjie , Chen Mingfen , Wang Jie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe interaction between programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is expressed on the surface of tumor cells, and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), which is expressed on T cells, impedes the effective activation of tumor antigen-specific T cells, resulting in the evasion of tumor cells from immune-mediated killing. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway has been shown to be effective in preventing tumor immune evasion. PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies have garnered significant attention in recent years within the field of tumor treatments, given the aforementioned mechanism. Furthermore, clinical research has substantiated the efficacy and safety of this immunotherapy across various tumors, offering renewed optimism for patients. However, challenges persist in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies, marked by limited indications and the emergence of drug resistance. Consequently, identifying additional regulatory pathways and molecules associated with PD-1/PD-L1 and implementing judicious combined treatments are imperative for addressing the intricacies of tumor immune mechanisms. This review briefly outlines the structure of the PD-1/PD-L1 molecule, emphasizing the posttranslational modification regulatory mechanisms and related targets. Additionally, a comprehensive overview on the clinical research landscape concerning PD-1/PD-L1 post-translational modifications combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies to enhance outcomes for a broader spectrum of patients is presented based on foundational research.