bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual approaches and photography for the study of immediate information space
Authors: Hartel Jenna , Thomson Leslie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis methods‐oriented paper introduces visual methods and specifically photography to study immediate information space (Lee, 2003); that is, information‐rich settings such as offices or homes. It draws upon the authors' firsthand ethnographic field experiences, a review of relevant theoretical and methodological literature, and an analysis of cases within information studies that have made use of visual and photographic techniques. To begin, the traditions of visual research within anthropology and sociology are traced and major epistemological, methodological, and disciplinary debates associated with visual scholarship are presented. Then, investigations of immediate information space that utilize photography are analyzed, including examples from the areas of personal information management, health informatics, information behavior, and computer‐supported cooperative work. Moreover, a section entitled “Applying Photographic Techniques…” supplies guidelines for employing photography in a research design, as well as a question‐based research framework and tips for photographing information phenomena.
Biofunctional Silicon Nanoparticles by Means of Thiol‐Ene Click Chemistry
Authors: Ruizendaal Loes , Pujari Sidharam P. , Gevaerts Veronique , Paulusse Jos M. J. , Zuilhof Han 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe preparation and characterization of butylene‐terminated silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) and their functionalization using thiol‐ene chemistry is described, as well as the coupling of DNA strands. Bromide‐terminated SiNPs were prepared by means of the oxidation of magnesium silicide and functionalized with butylene chains through treatment with the corresponding Grignard reagent. The successful coupling was confirmed by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. TEM measurements revealed a silicon‐core diameter of (2.4±0.5) nm. The fluorescence emission maximum is at λmax=525 nm when excited at λexc=430 nm. The conjugation of these alkene‐terminated SiNPs by means of thiol‐ene chemistry is described for a variety of functional thiols. Efficient coupling was evidenced by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. Moreover, the characteristic fluorescence properties of the SiNPs remained unaltered, thus demonstrating the value of this approach towards functional oxide‐free SiNPs. Activation of the attached carboxylic acid moieties allowed for conjugation of NH2‐terminated oligo‐ssDNA (ss=single strand) to the SiNPs. Successful coupling was confirmed by a characteristic new UV absorption band at 260 nm, and by the still‐present distinctive fluorescence of the SiNPs at 525 nm. Gel electrophoresis confirmed coupling of 2 to 3 DNA strands onto the SiNPs, whereas no uncoupled DNA was observed.
10 Years of Click Chemistry: Synthesis and Applications of Ferrocene‐Derived Triazoles
Authors: Ganesh Venkataraman , Sudhir V. Sai , Kundu Taraknath , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractClick chemistry has played a significant role as a rapid and versatile strategy for conjugating two molecular fragments under very mild reaction conditions. Introduction of ferrocene‐derived triazole systems using click chemistry has attracted enormous interest in various fields due to its potential applications in electrochemical techniques for detection and sensing. The present discussion focuses on the synthesis of ferrocene–triazole and the importance of using a CuAAC reaction for such conjugation. Applications of ferrocene‐based click reactions in conjugate chemistry, asymmetric catalysis, medicinal chemistry, host–guest interactions, and materials chemistry have been highlighted.
Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) production by Bacillus cereus SPV using sugarcane molasses as the main carbon source
Authors: Akaraonye Everest , Moreno Catalina , Knowles Jonathan C. , Keshavarz Tajalli , Roy Ipsita 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe main hindrance in the use of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as a replacement for existing petroleum‐based plastics is their high production cost. The carbon source accounts for 50% of the cost for PHA production. Thus, increasing the yield and productivity of PHAs on cheap substrates is an important challenge for biotechnologists to support the commercialization and further applications of these polymers. In this study, we have investigated the use of an agricultural raw material, sugarcane molasses, as the main carbon source for poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)) production by Bacillus cereus SPV. These studies were carried out in both shaken flasks and 2 L bioreactors. Various conditions were evaluated for their effects on biomass and P(3HB) accumulation. A high polymer yield was obtained, 61.07% dry cell weight (DCW) in a 1 L shaken flask study and 51.37% DCW in a 2 L fermenter study. These yields are 50% higher than previously observed with Bacillus cereus SPV. Hence, the results are encouraging and show that sugarcane molasses are a promising carbon source for an economical and commercially viable production of P(3HB).
Use of Oxyma as pH modulatory agent to be used in the prevention of base‐driven side reactions and its effect on 2‐chlorotrityl chloride resin
Authors: Subirós‐Funosas Ramon , El‐Faham Ayman , Albericio Fernando 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe presence of low pKa N‐hydroxylamines is beneficial in peptide chemistry as they reduce some base‐mediated side reactions. Here we evaluated the applicability and buffering capacity of Ethyl 2‐cyano‐2‐(hydroxyimino) acetate (Oxyma) in the prevention of aspartimide/piperidide formation and Pro‐based overcoupling and compared it with the performance of HOBt and HOAt. In addition, the compatibility of these additives with the highly acid‐labile 2‐chlorotrityl chloride resin is examined. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 89–97, 2012.
Jejunal diverticulum with ectopic pancreatic mucosa: Was it really a Meckel's diverticulum?
Authors: Thomas Rachel A.B. , Gibson Simon , Paul Maxine , McDonald Stuart W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe report the case of a 72‐year‐old man who underwent surgery for a jejunal intussusception caused by an infarcted mass on the antimesenteric surface of the small bowel approximately 90 cm from the duodenojejunal flexure. The specimen was reported as an infarcted diverticulum containing heterotopic pancreatic mucosa in keeping with infarcted Meckel's diverticulum. We initially wished to establish when the term “Meckel's diverticulum” should be used. The anatomical site in the present case argues against this being a Meckel's diverticulum, a remnant from the mid‐gut loop. Non‐Meckelian diverticula are usually acquired and often multiple and generally occur on the mesenteric border of the bowel. It is rare for them to contain ectopic mucosa. The diverticulum in our patient thus has features which suggest it may have been congenital. We believe our patient had a rare occurrence of a congenital, but non‐Meckelian, diverticulum with associated ectopic epithelium. Clin. Anat. 25:509–512, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accessory eye muscle in a young boy with external ophthalmoplegia
Authors: Krasny A. , Lutz S. , Gramsch C. , Diepenbruck S. , Schlamann M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA seven‐year‐old boy presented to the neuropediatric clinic with right‐sided ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, and mental retardation. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed anomalous soft tissue within the intraconal region, which was interpreted as an atavistic retractor bulbi muscle. In patients with external ophthalmoplegia and ptosis, anatomic variations observed in MRI should be given due consideration. In fact, knowledge about rare anatomical anomalies may contribute to a more accurate diagnosis of such ocular symptoms. Clin. Anat. 24:948–949, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tailoring the Activity for Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis on Rutile TiO2(110) by Transition‐Metal Substitution
Authors: García‐Mota Mónica , Vojvodic Aleksandra , Metiu Horia , Man Isabela C. , Su Hai‐Yan , Rossmeisl Jan , Nørskov Jens K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the rutile MTiO2(110) (M=V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Ru, Ir, Ni) surfaces was investigated by using density functional theory calculations. The stability of different doped TiO2 systems was analyzed. The scaling relationship between the binding energies of OER intermediates (HOO* versus HO*) is found to follow essentially the same trend as for undoped oxides. Our theoretical analysis shows a lower overpotential associated with OER on the doped MTiO2(110) than on the undoped TiO2(110). The theoretical activity of Cr‐, Mo‐, Mn‐, and Ir‐doped TiO2 is found to be close to that of RuO2(110) for some of the configurations in consideration.
Cycloaddition Reactions: A Controlled Approach for Carbon Nanotube Functionalization
Authors: Kumar Indresh , Rana Sravendra , Cho Jae Whan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractControlled functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through the use of cycloaddition reactions is described. By employing various cycloaddition reactions, a wide range of molecules could be coupled onto CNTs without disruption of the structural integrity as well as with a statistical distribution of functional groups onto the surface of the CNTs. The cycloaddition reactions represent an effective and tailored approach for preparing CNT‐based advanced hybrid materials that would be useful for a wide range of applications from nanobiotechnology to nanoelectronics.
Material Flow Based Planning and Optimization of Highly Integrated Production Systems
Authors: Viere Tobias , Brünner Horst , Hedemann Jan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDie strategische Analyse und Optimierung komplexer Produktionssysteme ist wichtig für eine kosten‐ und ressourceneffiziente Produktion. Ein umfassendes, softwarebasiertes Konzept für Modellierung, Simulation, Optimierung und Visualisierung eines integrierten Produktionsnetzwerkes wird vorgestellt. Ein Verbund‐Modell wurde ausgehend von primären Materialflüssen eines Geschäftsbereichs bis zur Modellierung aller Energie‐, Abfall‐ und Kostenflüsse in zahlreichen Geschäftsbereichen aufgebaut. Die Flexibilität des Systems unterstützt verschiedene Detaillierungsgrade für die Modellierung von Prozessen und Teilen des Netzes. Die vorausschauende Umsetzung technischer Maßnahmen und Projekte, die auf Bewertungen von Zukunftsszenarien basieren, sind ein wichtiges Resultat der Verbund‐Simulation.
Deoximation Reaction in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids under Mild Conditions
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Lu Bin , Wang Xiaoguang , Zhao Jingxiang , Cai Qinghai 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDeoximation in metal chloride ionic liquids based on 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium and triethylene ammonium cations, such as AmimBr(Cl)‐MClx(A=ethyl, butyl, benzyl; M=Al, Fe, Cu, Sn and Zn; x=2, 3) and Et3NHCl‐FeCl3 were investigated under mild conditions. Ferrate chloride ionic liquid was proved to be an effective catalyst for deoximation of cyclohexanone oxime, exhibiting high conversion of oximes and selectivity to cyclohexanone. Good performance for the deoximation of other oximes such as salicylald oxime, acetone oxime, benzophenone oxime, 4‐nitrobenzald oxime, acetophenone oxime, 2‐chlorobenzaldehyde oxime, Acetald oxime, 2‐butanone oxime and (1R)‐camphor oxime was also achieved with bmimBr‐FeCl3 as catalyst and solvent. The deoximation was determined to carry out via acid‐catalytic hydrolysis and the reaction mechanism was proposed.
Smoking negatively impacts renal cell carcinoma overall and cancer‐specific survival
Authors: Kroeger Nils , Klatte Tobias , Birkhäuser Frédéric D. , Rampersaud Edward N. , Seligson David B. , Zomorodian Nazy , Kabbinavar Fairooz F. , Belldegrun Arie S. , Pantuck Allan J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Tobacco use is a leading cause of premature death, yet few studies have investigated the effect of tobacco exposure on the outcome of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The authors of this report retrospectively studied the impact of smoking on clinicopathologic factors, survival outcomes, and p53 expression status in a large cohort of patients with RCC.METHODS:Eight hundred‐two patients (457 nonsmokers and 345 smokers) who had up to 232 months of follow‐up were compared for differences in their clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes. Immunohistochemical differences in p53 expression were correlated with smoking status.RESULTS:Smokers presented more commonly with pulmonary comorbidities (P < .0001) and cardiac comorbidities (P = .014) and with a worse performance status (P = .031) than nonsmokers. Smoking was associated significantly with tumor multifocality (P = .022), higher pathologic tumor classification (P = .037), an increased risk of bulky lymph node metastases (P = .031), and the presence of distant metastases (P < .0001), especially lung metastases (P < .0001). Both overall survival (OS) (62.37 months vs 43.64 months; P = .001) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) (87.43 months vs 56.57 months; P = .005) were significantly worse in patients who smoked. The number of pack‐years was retained as an independent predictor of CSS and OS in patients with nonmetastatic disease. Mean expression levels of p53 were significantly higher in current smokers compared with former smokers and nonsmokers (P = .012).CONCLUSIONS:In patients with RCC, a history of smoking was associated with worse pathologic features and survival outcomes and with an increased risk of having mutated p53. Further investigation of the genetic and molecular mechanisms associated with decreased CSS in patients with RCC who have a history of smoking is indicated. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Hematologist/oncologist disease‐specific expertise and survival: Lessons from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)
Authors: Shanafelt Tait D. , Kay Neil E. , Rabe Kari G. , Inwards David J. , Zent Clive S. , Leis Jose F. , Schwager Susan M. , Thompson Carrie A. , Bowen Deborah A. , Witzig Thomas E. , Slager Susan L. , Call Timothy G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The impact of physicians' disease‐specific expertise on patient outcome is unknown. Although previous studies suggest a survival advantage for cancer patients cared for at high‐volume centers, these observations may simply reflect referral bias or better access to advanced technologies, clinical trials, and multidisciplinary support at large centers.METHODS:We evaluated time to first treatment (TTFT) and overall survival (OS) of patients with newly diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL) at a single academic center based on whether they were cared for by a hematologist/oncologist who subspecializes in CLL (CLL hematologist) or a hematologist/oncologist with expertise in other areas (non‐CLL hematologist).RESULTS:Among 1309 newly diagnosed patients with CLL cared for between 1999 and 2009, 773(59%) were cared for by CLL hematologists and 536 were cared for by non‐CLL hematologists. Among early‐stage patients (Rai 0‐I), median TTFT (9.2 vs 6.1 years; P < .001) and OS (10.5 years vs 8.8 years; P < .001) were longer for patients cared for by CLL hematologists. For all patients, OS was superior for patients cared for by CLL hematologists (10.5 years vs 8.4 years; P = .001). Physician's disease‐specific expertise remained an independent predictor of OS after adjusting for age, sex, stage, and lymphocyte count at diagnosis. Patients seen by a CLL hematologist were also more likely to participate in clinical trials (48% vs 16%; P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:Physician disease‐specific expertise appears to influence outcome in patients with CLL. To the greatest extent possible, patients should be cared for by a hematologist/oncologist expert in the care of their specific malignancy. When not possible, practice guidelines developed by disease‐specific experts should be followed. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Functional regulatory variants of MCL1 contribute to enhanced promoter activity and reduced risk of lung cancer in nonsmokers: Implications for context‐dependent phenotype of an antiapoptotic and antiproliferative gene in solid tumor
Authors: Jiang Yan , Wang Wenjing , Wang Jiucun , Lu Ye , Chen Yanmei , Jin Li , Lin Dongxin , He Fuchu , Wang Haijian 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Dysfunction of molecules that regulate both apoptosis and proliferation is involved in tumorigenesis. A common insertional polymorphism in promoter of MCL1, a member of BCL2 family gene with the dual regulatory functions, has been shown to be functional in leukemia, but its association with cancer predisposition and prognosis has not been well established. We hypothesized that MCL1 promoter variants may modify risk of solid cancer.METHODS:We genotyped −190 insertional polymorphism and 3 linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (−627A>C, −298G>C, and −235C>A) in 320 lung cancer patients and 362 controls, and analyzed their functional significance.RESULTS:We confirmed that these regulatory variants correlated with enhanced promoter activity and elevated expression of both mRNA and protein in solid cancer cells and tissues. We further demonstrated that heightened expression of MCL1 resulted in decreased proliferation ability of lung cancer cells. We found a reduced cancer risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.25‐0.88) associated with −190 insertional genotype. Stratification analysis further showed pronounced associations in nonsmokers (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09‐0.70), in females (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.07‐0.74), and in the histological type of adenocarcinoma (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.05‐0.62). Likewise, homologous diplotype of these polymorhpisms that positively affected gene expression was associated with reduced risk in nonsmokers (OR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.06‐0.58).CONCLUSION:The present study demonstrated that common variants in MCL1 promoter correlated with increased transactivation in solid cancer cells and were associated with reduced risk of lung cancer in nonsmokers, suggesting a dominant antiproliferative function of MCL1 against its antiapoptosis effect in development of solid cancer in nonsmokers. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Fluorescence Quenching of CdS Quantum Dots by 4‐Azetidinyl‐7‐Nitrobenz‐2‐Oxa‐1,3‐Diazole: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Santhosh Kotni , Patra Satyajit , Soumya S. , Khara Dinesh Chandra , Samanta Anunay 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFluorescence quenching of CdS quantum dots (QDs) by 4‐azetidinyl‐7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole (NBD), where the two quenching partners satisfy the spectral overlap criterion necessary for Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), is studied by steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence techniques. The fluorescence quenching of the QDs is accompanied by an enhancement of the acceptor fluorescence and a reduction of the average fluorescence lifetime of the donor. Even though these observations are suggestive of a dynamic energy transfer process, it is shown that the quenching actually proceeds through a static interaction between the quenching partners and is probably mediated by charge‐transfer interactions. The bimolecular quenching rate constant estimated from the Stern–Volmer plot of the fluorescence intensities, is found to be exceptionally high and unrealistic for the dynamic quenching process. Hence, a kinetic model is employed for the estimation of actual quencher/QD ratio dependent exciton quenching rate constants of the fluorescence quenching of CdS by NBD. The present results point to the need for a deeper analysis of the experimental quenching data to avoid erroneous conclusions.
Hexagonal Boron Nitride from a Borazine Precursor for Coating of SiBNC Fibers using a Continuous Atmospheric Pressure CVD Process
Authors: Ye Yaping , Graupner Uta , Krüger Reinhard 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe aim of this work is the coating of SiBNC fibers with hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) for ceramic composite applications. h‐BN is deposited from borazine in a vertical, hot‐wall, atmospheric pressure (AP)CVD system. The effects of deposition parameters (e.g., temperatures, reactant concentrations, and gas velocity) on the deposition rates are investigated using Si(100) substrates statically placed at various positions in the reactor. The highest deposition rates are observed at 1090 °C. It is found that ammonia is necessary for a satisfying coating deposition and for low oxygen incorporation, though high concentrations decreased the deposition rate. The coating structures are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Based on the results of static h‐BN deposition on Si substrates, h‐BN is continuously and homogenously coated on SiBNC multifilaments with a fiber draw speed of 5 m h−1. The thickness of the coating on SiBNC fibers is 180–200 nm as measured by SEM. The h‐BN coatings from our experiments have no influence on the mechanical strength of the SiBNC fibers.
Hierarchical and low‐power IPv6 address configuration for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wang Xiaonan , Qian Huanyan 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThe paper proposes a hierarchical and low‐power IPv6‐address configuration scheme for wireless sensor networks based on the cluster‐tree architecture. In the scheme, a wireless sensor network is divided into multiple clusters and the generation algorithm of a cluster is proposed. A cluster‐tree architecture for wireless sensor networks is presented and a layered IPv6 address format for a cluster head and a cluster member is created. The stateless address configuration strategy and the stateful address configuration strategy are effectively combined to develop the IPv6 address configuration scheme. In the scheme, the duplicate address detection of the IPv6 address assigned for a cluster member is performed in the cluster where the cluster member locates, and the IPv6 address configuration for the cluster members in the different clusters can be carried out at the same time. The paper also addresses the mobility of sensor nodes and their failure. From the theoretical and simulative perspectives, the paper analyzes the performance parameters, including duplicate address detection cost, address configuration cost and address configuration delay time, of the proposed scheme, Strong DAD and MANETConf. Analytical and simulative results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is better. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.