bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy hormonal environment and mother’s breast cancer risk
Authors: Hilakivi-Clarke Leena , de Assis Sonia , Warri Anni , Luoto Riitta 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Pregnancy can both reduce and increase lifetime breast cancer risk, and it also induces a short-term, transient increase in risk. Several biological mechanisms have been proposed to explain the protective effect, including pregnancy-induced increase in circulating estrogen levels leading to reduced estrogen receptor (ER) expression and activity. Persistent changes in ER-regulated gene expression may then alter the response of the breast to postpregnancy hormonal exposures originating, for example, from food. Understanding how pregnancy increases breast cancer risk has received less attention. Human studies indicate that those women who were exposed to an elevated pregnancy estrogenic environment, such as women who took the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol or who had the highest circulating estrogen levels at the beginning or end of pregnancy, are at increased risk of developing breast cancer. There is also evidence that elevated leptin levels, for example, in pregnant women who gained excessive amount of weight, increase later breast cancer risk. This may reflect a close interaction between estradiol (E2), ER, and leptin. Our preclinical study suggests that an exposure to excess pregnancy E2 and leptin levels reverses the protective changes in genomic signaling pathways seen in the breast/mammary gland of parous women and rodents. Recent findings indicate that involution – the period after lactation when the breast regresses back to prepregnancy stage – may be related to some pregnancy-associated breast cancers. Importantly, in a preclinical model, the increase can be reversed by anti-inflammatory treatment, offering hope that the increase in lifelong breast cancer risk induced by late first pregnancy or by an exposure of pregnant women to an excessive hormonal environment may be reversible.
Increased prevalence of subclinical cardiac valve fibrosis in patients with prolactinomas on long-term bromocriptine and cabergoline treatment
Authors: Elenkova Atanaska , Shabani Rabhat , Kalinov Krassimir , Zacharieva Sabina 
Published: April 2012

BackgroundIn contrast to cabergoline, evidence-based information about a possible profibrotic effect of bromocriptine in prolactinoma patients is extremely limited.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of valvular lesions among patients on long-term bromocriptine or cabergoline therapy.DesignCase–control study.MethodsA transthoracic echocardiographic evaluation was performed in 334 subjects divided into four groups: 103 cabergoline treated, 55 bromocriptine treated, 74 naïve patients, and 102 controls.ResultsClinically relevant valve regurgitations were equally prevalent in all investigated groups whereas subclinical valve fibrosis was significantly more frequent in both bromocriptine- and cabergoline-treated patients (40 vs 43.6 vs 21.6 vs 23.5%; P=0.004). The odds ratio (OR) for developing valvular fibrosis was 2.27 (95% CI 1.17–4.41; P=0.016) for cabergoline and 2.66 (95% CI 1.22–5.78; P=0.014) for bromocriptine groups compared with subjects not exposed to dopamine agonists (DAs). A significantly higher pulmonary arterial pressure corresponding to the longer treatment duration was observed among patients taking bromocriptine compared with cabergoline-treated subjects.ConclusionsLong-term treatment with cabergoline and bromocriptine seems not to be associated with an increased risk of clinically significant valve disease but possible subclinical lesions should be expected. An echocardiographic examination is recommended at the beginning and periodically during therapy with DAs acting as full or partial agonists of 5-hydroxytrytamine 2B receptors (cabergoline and bromocriptine). Bromocriptine seems not to be a safe alternative for patients receiving cabergoline treatment who have preexisting or diagnosed abnormalities suggesting valvular, interstitial myocardial, or pulmonary fibrosis. Further studies are needed to investigate the possible impact of DA treatment on pulmonary arterial pressure.
Cumulative Social Risk and Obesity in Early Childhood
Authors: Suglia Shakira F. , Duarte Cristiane S. , Chambers Earle C. , Boynton-Jarrett Renée 
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVES:
The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between cumulative social adversity and childhood obesity among preschool-aged children (N = 1605) in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study.

METHODS:
Maternal reports of intimate partner violence, food insecurity, housing insecurity, maternal depressive symptoms, maternal substance use, and father’s incarceration were obtained when the child was 1 and 3 years of age. Two cumulative social risk scores were created by summing the 6 factors assessed at ages 1 and 3 years. Child height and weight were measured at 5 years of age. Logistic regression models stratified according to gender were used to estimate the association between cumulative social risk and obesity, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.

RESULTS:
Seventeen percent of children were obese at age 5 years, and 57% had at least 1 social risk factor. Adjusting for sociodemographic factors, girls experiencing high cumulative social risk (≥2 factors) at age 1 year only (odds ratio [OR]: 2.1 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–4.1]) or at 3 years only (OR: 2.2 [95% CI: 1.2–4.2]) were at increased odds of being obese compared with girls with no risk factors at either time point. Those experiencing high cumulative risk at age 1 and 3 years were not at statistically significant odds of being obese (OR: 1.9 [95% CI: 0.9–4.0]). No significant associations were noted among boys.

CONCLUSIONS:
There seems to be gender differences in the effects of cumulative social risk factors on the prevalence of obesity at 5 years of age. Understanding the social context of families could make for more effective preventive efforts to combat childhood obesity.
Health Risks of Oregon Eighth-Grade Participants in the “Choking Game”: Results From a Population-Based Survey
Authors: Ramowski Sarah K. , Nystrom Robert J. , Rosenberg Kenneth D. , Gilchrist Julie , Chaumeton Nigel R. 
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the risk behaviors associated with participation in the “choking game” by eighth-graders in Oregon.

METHODS:
We obtained data from the 2009 Oregon Healthy Teens survey, a cross-sectional weighted survey of 5348 eighth-graders that questioned lifetime prevalence and frequency of choking game participation. The survey also included questions about physical and mental health, gambling, sexual activity, nutrition, physical activity/body image, exposure to violence, and substance use.

RESULTS:
Lifetime prevalence of choking game participation was 6.1% for Oregon eighth-graders, with no differences between males and females. Of the eighth-grade choking game participants, 64% had engaged in the activity more than once and 26.6% &gt;5 times. Among males, black youth were more likely to participate than white youth. Among both females and males, Pacific Islander youth were much more likely to participate than white youth. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that sexual activity and substance use were significantly associated with choking game participation for both males and females.

CONCLUSIONS:
At &gt;6%, the prevalence of choking game participation among Oregon youth is consistent with previous findings. However, we found that most of those who participate will put themselves at risk more than once. Participants also have other associated health risk behaviors. The comprehensive adolescent well visit, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics, is a good opportunity for providers to conduct a health behavior risk assessment and, if appropriate, discuss the dangers of engaging in this activity.
Reference Ranges for Lymphocyte Counts of Neonates: Associations Between Abnormal Counts and Outcomes
Authors: Christensen Robert D. , Baer Vickie L. , Gordon Philip V. , Henry Erick , Whitaker Cody , Andres Robert L. , Bennett Sterling T. 
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Both high and low lymphocyte counts at birth have been associated with adverse outcomes. However, the validity of defining a lymphocyte count as “abnormal” depends on having an accurate reference range. We established a reference range for neonatal lymphocyte counts by using multihospital data and used this to assess previously reported relationships between abnormal counts and early onset sepsis (EOS), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), periventricular leukomalacia, and birth asphyxia.

METHODS:
We first created a data set that excluded counts from neonates with diagnoses previously associated with abnormal lymphocyte counts. Then the complete data (counts excluded plus included in the reference range) were used to test associations between abnormal counts and EOS, IVH, ROP, periventricular leukomalacia, and outcomes after birth asphyxia.

RESULTS:
Lymphocyte counts were retrieved from 40 487 neonates, 10 860 of which were excluded from the reference range. A count &gt;95th percentile was associated with EOS (2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.80–2.38) and IVH ≥grade 3 (2.93; 95% CI: 1.83–4.71). A count &lt;5th percentile was associated with EOS (odds ratio:1.24; 95% CI: 1.04–1.48), IVH ≥grade 3 (3.23; 95% CI: 1.95–5.36), and ROP ≥stage 3 (4.80: 95% CI: 2.38–9.66). Among 120 meeting criteria for birth asphyxia, those with a low count and a high nucleated red cell count had higher mortality (37% vs 11%, P = .001), more transfusions (P = .000), and more neurology referrals (P &lt; .01).

CONCLUSIONS:
A reference range for lymphocytes can identify neonates with abnormal counts, which can be useful because these neonates are at higher risk for certain adverse outcomes.
Factors Related to Voluntary Parental Decision-Making in Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Miller Victoria A. , Nelson Robert M. 
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of the current study was to examine demographic and contextual correlates of voluntariness in parents making research or treatment decisions for their children with cancer.

METHODS:
Participants included 184 parents of children with cancer who made a decision about enrolling the child in a research or treatment protocol within the previous 10 days. Parents completed questionnaires that assessed voluntariness, external influence by others, concern that the child’s care would be negatively affected if the parent did not agree, time pressure, information adequacy, and demographics.

RESULTS:
Lower perceived voluntariness was associated with lower education, male gender, minority status, and not having previous experience with a similar decision. Parents who reported lower voluntariness also perceived more external influence and time pressure, had more concern about the child’s care being negatively affected if they declined, and perceived that they had either too much or not enough information about the decision. In a multivariate regression, education, minority status, gender, external influence, and too little information remained significantly associated with voluntariness.

CONCLUSIONS:
Several groups of parents appear to be at risk for decreased voluntariness when making research or treatment decisions for their seriously ill children, including fathers, nonwhite parents, and those with less education. Parental voluntariness may be enhanced by helping parents to mitigate the effects of unhelpful or unwanted influences by others and ensuring that their information needs are met.
Diagnostic Imaging and Negative Appendectomy Rates in Children: Effects of Age and Gender
Authors: Bachur Richard G. , Hennelly Kara , Callahan Michael J. , Chen Catherine , Monuteaux Michael C. 
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Diagnostic imaging is often used in the evaluation of children with possible appendicitis. The utility of imaging may vary according to a patient’s age and gender. The objectives of this study were (1) to examine the use of computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound for age and gender subgroups of children undergoing an appendectomy; and (2) to study the association between imaging and negative appendectomy rates (NARs) among these subgroups.

METHODS:
Retrospective review of children presenting to 40 US pediatric emergency departments from 2005 to 2009 (Pediatric Health Information Systems database). Children undergoing an appendectomy were stratified by age and gender for measuring the association between ultrasound and CT use and the outcome of negative appendectomy.

RESULTS:
A total of 8 959 155 visits at 40 pediatric emergency departments were investigated; 55 227 children had appendicitis. The NAR was 3.6%. NARs were highest for children younger than 5 years (boys 16.8%, girls 14.6%) and girls older than 10 years (4.8%). At the institutional level, increased rates of diagnostic imaging (ultrasound and/or CT) were associated with lower NARs for all age and gender subgroups other than children younger than 5 years, The NAR was 1.2% for boys older than 5 years without any diagnostic imaging.

CONCLUSIONS:
The impact of diagnostic imaging on negative appendectomy rate varies by age and gender. Diagnostic imaging for boys older than 5 years with suspected appendicitis has no meaningful impact on NAR. Diagnostic strategies for possible appendicitis should incorporate the risk of negative appendectomy by age and gender.
Effect of the Temperature of Annealing on the Performance of Fluorene and Bithiophene Copolymer in Bilayer Solar Cells
Authors: Yamamoto Natasha A. D. , Silva Daniel C. , Grova Isabel L. , Macedo Andreia G. , Marchiori Cleber F. N. , Koehler Marlus , Akcelrud Leni , Roman Lucimara S. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWe have investigated the effect of temperature annealing on bilayer heterojunction solar cells based on poly[9,9’-hexyl-fluorene-alt-bithiophene] as active layer. Film morphology for different temperature annealing was probed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the values of roughness range from 0.59 up to 2.15 nm. The best photovoltaic performance was found for devices with active layer annealed at 200°C with power conversion efficiency (η) of 2.8 % while devices without annealing presented only 0.4%. This performance enhancement is attributed to the reduction of traps and increased hole mobility after the thermal annealing.
On the Existence of Ordered Phases of Encapsulated Diamondoids into Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Legoas S. B. , dos Santos R. P. B. , Troche K. S. , Coluci V. R. , Galvao Douglas S. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWe have investigated some diamondoids encapsulation into single walled carbon nanotubes (with diameters ranging from1.0 up to 2.2 nm) using fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Diamondoids are the smallest hydrogen-terminated nanosized diamond-like molecules. Diamondois have been investigated for a large class of applications, ranging from oil industry to pharmaceuticals. Molecular ordered phases were observed for the encapsulation of adamantane, diamantane, and dihydroxy diamantanes. Chiral ordered phases, such as; double, triple, 4- and 5-stranded helices were also observed for those diamondoids. Our results also indicate that the modification of diamondoids through chemical functionalization with hydroxyl groups can lead to an enhancement of the molecular packing inside the carbon nanotubes in comparison to non-functionalized molecules. For larger diamondoids (such as, adamantane tetramers), we have not observed long-range ordering, but only a tendency of incomplete helical structural formation.
Engineering of Graphene Band Structure by Haptic Functionalization
Authors: Plachinda Paul , Solanki Raj , Evans David 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTWe have employed first-principles density-functional calculations to study the electronic characteristics of graphene functionalized by metal-bis-arene and metal-carbonyl molecules. It is shown that functionalization with M-bis-arene (M(C6H6)@gr, M=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe) molecules leads to an opening in the band gap of graphene (up to 0.81eV for the Cr derivative), and functionalization with M-carbonyl (M(CX)3@gr, X=O,N; M= Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) up to one 1eV for M=Cr and X=O, and therefore transforms graphene from a semi-metal to a semiconductor. The band gap induced by attachment of a metal atom topped by a functionalizing group is attributed to modification of π-conjugation and depends on the concentration of functionalizing molecules, metal’s and moiety’s electronic structure. This approach offers a means of tailoring the band structure of graphene and potentially its applications for future electronic devices.
Large-scale Solution Processable Graphene-based Thin Film Devices
Authors: Pesonen Markus , Majumdar Himadri S. , Kauppila Jussi , Lukkari Jukka , Österbacka Ronald 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this work is to fabricate large-scale solution processable graphene-based films from graphene oxide (GO) solution and to characterize the transport properties of these films. The graphene like film is produced by annealing of the GO film to form reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin films. The conductive rGO thin films are useable as spacer layers in spin valves and as organic electrodes. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) characterizations on the film thickness and morphology have been carried out and simple electrical transport studies performed on spin coated rGO thin films. We have fabricated rGO thin films ranging from few to tens of nanometers in thickness with conductivities in the order of 1-100 S/m. We also show that the morphology of the films play an important role in facilitating higher conductivities for rGO thin films.
A rediscovered treasure: mycorrhizal intensity database for 3000 vascular plant species across the former Soviet Union
Authors: Akhmetzhanova Asem A. , Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A. , Onipchenko Vladimir G. , Cornwell Will K. , Agafonov Vladimir A. , Selivanov Ivan A. , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. 
Published: April 2012

The symbiosis between vascular plants and mycorrhizal fungi is paramount for carbon and nutrient cycling in most of the world's ecosystems. Most vascular plant species are associated with mycorrhizal fungal partners, and the association is essential for the carbon and nutrition economies of both partners. However, despite its clear importance, data on this symbiosis are lacking: for most vascular plant species, mycorrhizal type is unknown. Very rarely is there data on the levels of mycorrhizal infection intensity in multiple habitats.We translated and digitized a huge data set on vascular plant mycorrhizal intensity throughout the former Soviet Union, previously available only as a hard copy appendix of the doctoral thesis of Ivan A. Selivanov published in Russian in 1976 and not accessible to the international research community. We updated the taxonomic plant nomenclature to the International Plant Name Index and adjusted mycorrhizal and ecological terminology according to the modern international literature.The database contains 7445 records on mycorrhizal infection type and intensity of 2970 plant species from 155 families, in 154 sites, situated across the former Soviet Union (mostly on the territory of the current Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan), comprising together extensive geological, topographic, and climatic gradients. The data set includes percentage infection for each species–site combination for arbuscular, ericoid, arbutoid, endo‐mycorrhizal, dark septate, orchid‐ and ecto‐mycorrhizal fungi. Each record has a detailed description of geography. For many records, soils and host plant community are described. Most of the sites are natural; 10 sites are situated in botanical gardens. For 1291 species the intensity of mycorrhizal infection is quantified in multiple plant communities (2–57). The remaining species are described at single sites.Selivanov developed his own methods for quantifying mycorrhizal infection intensity. These methods are comparable, but not identical to, the methodology commonly used today. Based on our own sampling of 99 plant species collected in two distant sites (Caucasus [Russia] and Abisko [Sweden]), we provide a simple equation for data conversion between the two methods.The availability of this database will help to provide answers to important questions concerning biogeochemical cycling, climate change impacts, and co‐evolution of plants and fungi.
The complete data sets corresponding to abstracts published in the Data Papers section of the journal are published electronically in Ecological Archives at 〈http://esapubs.org/archive〉. (The accession number for each Data Paper is given directly beneath the title.)
Growth Factor‐Mediated Sinus Augmentation Grafting With Recombinant Human Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor‐BB (rhPDGF‐BB): Two Case Reports
Authors: Scheyer E. Todd , McGuire Michael K. 
Published: April 2012

Introduction: In the following two case reports, growth factor‐mediated sinus augmentation surgery is used to treat significant posterior maxillary alveolar bone deficiency. At initial examination, preexisting subsinus alveolar bone height was ≤3 mm. A composite graft of anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABBM) + mineralized bone allograft was combined with recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (rhPDGF‐BB) for augmentation grafting via a traditional maxillary lateral wall osteotomy approach to the sinus. In both cases, early implant placement and loading following sinus grafting, as well as long‐term clinical follow‐up, document potential benefits of growth factor‐mediated bone regenerative sinus augmentation procedures. The significantly abbreviated durations seen in these two cases between sinus augmentation grafting and implant placement and prosthetic restoration, to the best of our knowledge, have not been previously reported in the literature.Case Presentations: Two adult males presented with severe posterior maxillary alveolar bone atrophy, with a maximum subsinus bone height of 3 mm in patient #1 and <1 mm in patient #2. For each patient, a 50:50 particulate composite graft of ABBM and mineralized allograft was hydrated with 1 mL of 0.3 mg/mL rhPDGF‐BB. Four and one‐half (4.5) and 3.5 months following grafting in patient #1 and #2, respectively, implants were placed and core biopsy specimens obtained. Histologic examination of osteotomy cores demonstrated significant amounts of vital bone for each patient. Definitive implant‐supported restorations in full occlusion were placed 8.5 and 7.5 months following sinus grafting for patient #1 and #2, respectively. Three (3) and 2.4 years following implant placement, all implants were well integrated, with no evidence of radiolucency at the implant‐to‐bone interface.Conclusion: The addition of tissue‐engineered proteins, i.e., rhPDGF‐BB, to sinus augmentation protocols may allow earlier implant placement secondary to accelerated bone formation following grafting in the severely pneumatized sinus and may provide for increased long‐term positive clinical outcomes.