bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of new quality of life questionnaire in children with strabismus and amblyopia before and after re‐education
Authors: BREMOND‐GIGNAC D , BERTRAND‐MASLIEU H , BERESNIAK A , MILAZZO S 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate a new quality of life questionnaire in children presenting a strabismus with abnormal retinal correspondence and amblyopia before and after reeducation. Methods Twenty children of a mean age of 4,2 yo (range 2‐7yo) were included with a strabismus with 3 type deviations. They presented amblyopia of at least 2 lines VA. They underwent a complete ocular and orthoptic examination with binocular quantification. At the consultation, parents and child completed a self‐administered questionnaire of quality of life. The questionnaire has three major items including a total of 10 criterions. Criterions were quoted by 4 colors corresponding to a score (from 0 to 30) reflecting the daily activity. Children were treated with optical correction, eye‐patching and orthoptic reeducation as needed. Six months after, examination and questionnaire was completed again to appreciate the progression of the children capacities. Results Of the twenty children, 16 presented an esotropia, 4 an exotropia and 10 an isolated or associated vertical hypertropia. The mean rate of the questionnaire at baseline was 18. The twenty patients who presented an amblyopia had an improvement of VA after treatment. After 6 months, rate of all questionnaires was improved with a mean score of 25. Conclusion Very few QOL questionnaires had been developed and even more in ophthalmology. This questionnaire appears simple to complete for parents and children, it can also be a basis to evaluate the progress of amblyopia reeducation.
What difference can one day of ophthalmology teaching make?
Authors: LAM FC , LIM LT , DUTTON G 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Massive advances in medical knowledge, therapeutic opportunities and increasing specialisation have led to an increasingly packed curriculum. Many medical schools have moved towards a more streamlined integrated curriculum. In view of the time constraints faced by many educators, we look at the effectiveness of 1‐day of intensive structured specialty teaching in improving medical students abilities in performing ophthalmic examinations and assessing eyes in order to evaluate out how much can be achieved in just one day of ophthalmology teaching. Methods Fourth year medical students were invited to attend an optional day of structured ophthalmology teaching with lectures and OSCE‐style bedside teaching. Participants were asked to fill in pre‐validated questionnaires before and after teaching on their confidence and perceived competence in ophthalmic assessments, management of simple eye conditions, and the identification of ophthalmic emergencies. Results 175 sets of questionnaires(81%) were returned. 92% felt that their prior teaching was inadequate. Our participants confidence in taking an ophthalmic history, performing various ophthalmic assessments, dealing with simple eye problems and recognising an ophthalmic emergency improved significantly after teaching(p<0.01). However, a significant proportion were still not confident in examining(52%) or managing red eyes(71%), or identifying an ophthalmic emergency(51%). Conclusion An intensive and structured teaching day is an effective way of delivering and standardising specialist teaching.
Is the eye a window to the mind? Retinal vascular reactivity as a marker for endothelial function in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: MROCZKOWSKA S , BENAVENTE‐PEREZ A , PATEL S , QIN L , BENTHAM P , GHERGHEL D 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To assess the retinal and systemic vascular function in patients diagnosed with mild Alzheimer’s disease in comparison to healthy age matched controls Methods Nine newly diagnosed mild AD patients (MMSE score 18‐ 24) and 23 healthy age‐matched controls without any cognitive dysfunction (ACE‐R score ≥ 88) were recruited for the study. Retinal vessel reactivity was assessed using the retinal vessel analyser (RVA, IMEDOS, Germany). From these recordings the time taken to reach maximum dilation (RT), was determined for each individual flicker cycle. Systemic vascular function was assessed using flow mediated dilation (FMD) technique at the brachial artery level (Siemens; Acuson Sequoia, UK). Intraocular pressure (IOP) and systemic blood pressure (BP) were also recorded for each participant and OPP was then calculated Results There were no significant differences in age, mean BP, IOP or OPP between the two study groups (p>0.05). The retinal arterial RT to flicker light stimulation was found to be significantly longer in AD patients as compared to healthy control for both the first (p= 0.01) and the third (p=0.049) flicker cycles. In addition, the RT measured at the chosen vein level was significantly longer in AD patients compared to controls for the first (p=0.046) and second (p=0.043) flicker cycles. No significant differences were found in the brachial arterial diameter between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion In patients suffering from AD, the prolonged retinal vessel RT to flicker provocation could represent an early sign of vascular dysfunction evident at the microvascular level
Long‐term outcome and morphology/function correlates in cases of shaken baby syndrome
Authors: PINELLO L , MAZZAROLO M , ROSA RIZZOTTO M , DE BELVIS V , BUA M , FACCHIN P 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Shaken Baby Syndrome(SBS) presents with acute encephalopathy,subdural and retinal haemorrhages,with inconsistent history,in < 2 years old.Long‐term sequelae are still under study.Aim is to present the long‐term outcome in a case series of SBS followed‐up by a multidisciplinary team. Methods Case series of 14 children(9 M,5 F)with confirmed SBS has been examined and followed‐up.Patients underwent fundus evaluation (indirect ophtalmoscopy) and wide‐field digital ophthalmic camera (RetCam II) until bleeding reabsorption.Assessment was repeated at follow‐up combined with ocular motility evaluation, visual field(BEFIE test),visual acuity(Teller acuity cards),refractometry, cognitive‐behavioral evaluations (Griffiths scales,Child Behaviour Check List), and family stress measurement(Parenting Stress Index),segmentation analysis of MRI. Results Mean age at acute episode of SBS: 6.5 months (range 2‐20), 9/14 in the first 6 months of life. Mean age at last follow‐up evaluation: 32 months (range 8‐65). 4 cases were lost to follow‐up. At last follow‐up evaluation: 4 out of 10 had a decreased visual acuity (cortical visual impairment), 4 out of 10 had visual field deficits, 3 out of 10 had strabismus. None of the cases showed significant refractive errors. Cognitive/behavioural assessment demostrated global delay and impairments in neuromotor ability, speech/language development and attention problems. MRI analysis showed atrophic alterations in several brain areas. Conclusion Multidisciplinary assessment including ophthalmologic examination and neuro behavioural evaluation provides crucial prognostic information in cases of suspected SBS.Functional outcome is largely dependent on brain injury and atrophy.
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection in the acuite phase nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Authors: ARNDT C , RADOI C , BONNAY G , GARCIA T , DUCASSE A 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose In nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NA‐AION), no treatment has shown to be effective in recovering visual loss in a randomized controlled clinical trial. Oral steroids have been evaluated and small series of IVTA have been reported. The purpose of this study was to analyse the visual outcome in response to a single intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (IVTA) as a treatment for patients with acute NA‐AION. Methods Consecutive patients with either significant visual loss (visual acuity < 0.4) in the first eye or optic nerve head swelling in the second eye due to acute NAION were treated with 4 mg/0.1 mL IVTA. Patient's best‐corrected visual acuity, optical coherence tomography of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and visual field were performed before injection, visual acuity was assessed at 1 week, and 2‐12 months after. Results Visual acuity was between 0.08 and 1.0 on inclusion, it improved in 2 eyes (more than 1 line) and remained stable (+/‐ 1 line) in 4 eyes after injection. In the group of eyes reaching (n=2) or maintaining (n=1) a final visual acuity of 1.0, the delay between onset and injection was 7 days or less. In the second group of patients, final visual acuity was between 0.08 and 0.4, the delay between onset was between 2 and 3 weeks. Conclusion The clinical course of these patients suggests that an IVTA may be effective in increasing or maintaining visual acuity following an acute NAION if the treatment is applied within one week. A large randomized controlled study is required to confirm these preliminary data.
The optic nerve, mitochondria, age, energy, apoptosis and vision
Authors: TAYLOR D 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOptic Neuropathy‐ any disorder leading to dysfunction or death of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. This presentation will focus on acute and chronic post‐natal optic neuropathies due to dysfunction of cellular organelles, mitochondria in particular. A. Mitochondrial structure & function Citric Acid Cycle Oxidative phosphorylation Fusion & fission Aging DNA Mitochondrial. Why do Mitochondria need their own DNA? Nuclear Heteroplasmy B. Acute Optic Neuropathies LHON History Clinical Phases Pre‐symptomatic Acute Chronic Visual Recovery Why does the vision improve? Systemic Associations LHON‐OPA1 interaction LHON at all ages? Precipitating factors and summation Management & Treatment Present Rx Possible‐ Ooplasmic Transfer Nuclear DNA swap C. Chronic Optic Neuropathies ADOA Clinical Symptoms & signs OPA1 Functions & distribution Non‐ocular manifestations OPA1: can the vision improve? OPA 2‐OPA7 OPA3‐ ADOAplus Other chronic disorders with Optic Atrophy & organelle disease DIDMOAD Wolframin (Endo Retic) CDGSH AROA TMEM126A Leigh’s disease. ATPase subunit 6 Charcot Marie Tooth Friedreich’s ataxia Mohr Tranebjaerg Normal tension glaucoma
Trehalose, anhydrobiosis for the eye
Authors: CHEN W , LI JY , ZHANG XB 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To determine whether topically applied trehalose could heal ocular surface epithelial disorders caused by ocular surface desiccation. Methods This study used a novel murine model of dry eye induced by continuous controlled low‐humidity air velocity in an intelligently controlled environmental system. the efficacy of 87.6 mM trehalose eyedrops was compared with that of 20% serum, 0.05% CsA and Optive ®. The resultant changes in corneal barrier function, inflammation and histopathologic examination of cornea and conjunctiva were analyzed and the level of apoptosis and MMP‐9 on the ocular surface was assessed. Results After 14 days of treatment, the corneal fluorescein staining area, the ruffling and desquamating cells on the apical corneal epithelium, as well as the apoptotic cells on ocular surface epithelium had significantly reduced in eyes treated with trehalose compared with those treated with serum. Trehalose produces some of the same responses as CsA upon topical application and can maintain corneal health, even though it is more effective on reducing epithelial apoptosis on ocular surface.The CD4‐positive T cells on ocular surface were significantly increased in both trehalose and PBS treated mice compared to baseline and the CsA group.Dryness significantly increased production of MMP‐9 by the corneal epithelium which reduced significantly in eyes treated with trehalose compared with Optive ®. Conclusion Trehalose could improve the altered corneal barrier function caused by desiccation through suppression of apoptosis and Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9. Trehalose produces some of the same responses as serum, 0.05% CsA and Optive ® upon topical application and can maintain corneal health.
Examining the effects of Blephasteam® ‐ clinical safety study results
Authors: PURSLOW C , MURPHY PJ , GILL FR 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Heat therapy is the standard treatment regime for obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Research has shown the melting point of the meibum is raised to 35C in MGD compared to 32C in normal subjects, and sustained heat delivery is essential in effective treatments. This study was designed to evaluate the changes in ocular surface signs and temperature efficacy of a novel device which delivers latent moist heat to the eye lids and surrounding area for 10 minutes. Methods A prospective, controlled, single intervention trial recruited 25 normal subjects (M8, F17; age 29.2±5.7yrs). Ocular temperature, tear film stability, ocular hyperaemia and surface staining were measured, using non‐invasive ocular thermography and Efron grading respectively,, before and after device application. Results were checked for normality and compared using paired t‐testing. Results Temperature significantly increased to effective levels in both the upper (37.7±0.58C; p<0.0001) and lower (37.7±0.57C; p<0.0001) eyelids after treatment. Bulbar conjunctival hyperaemia significantly decreased after treatment (p<0.005), but limbal and palpebral hyperaemia were not significantly affected (p=0.33 and p=0.11 respectively). No significant change in corneal or conjunctival staining was observed (p=0.74 and p=0.97, respectively). Non‐invasive tear break‐up time (NIBUT) was not significantly changed in this normal cohort(p=0.12). Conclusion The Blephasteam® device provides safe and effective warmth to the ocular area without any adverse effects on the ocular surface in this study. Interestingly, even normal subjects had significantly less ocular redness after treatment.
Commercial interest
Profile of preservative‐free TafluprostTM
Authors: UUSITALO H 
Published: November 2010

AbstractProstaglandin analogues are the most commonly used treatment choice in various forms of glaucoma. They have gained their popularity mostly by their efficacy, once a day dosing and their high systemic tolerability. However, the topical tolerability of the glaucoma drugs are in general is an issue; not only on the basis of quality of life of the patients but also as a factor of adherence and overall success of the glaucoma therapy. Tafluprost is a novel prostaglandin analogue. It has a high affinity and potent agonistic activity for prostaglandin F receptor. In non‐clinical and clinical phase !/II/III studies, tafluprost has shown an excellent IOP‐lowering effect. As a difluorinated prostaglandin analogue Tafluprost has also unique stability which makes it suitable for preservative free formulation. In this formulation it is proven to be efficacious and safe. In patients having ocular surface problems with a preserved prostaglandin analogue, a switch to preservative free tafluprost has shown to significantly reduce both symptoms and signs of ocular surface disease. Preservative‐free formulations of glaucoma drugs, now available also as a prostaglandin analogue, are tools in our armamentarium to target our medical management of glaucoma to balanced long term efficacy and safety.
TafluprostTM in clinical practice
Authors: HOMMER A 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLowering intraocular pressure is currently the only proven approach to preserve visual function in glaucoma. Hereby medical therapy is the initial treatment option. According to the guidelines of the European Glaucoma Society monotherapy is the first step in medical therapy. Prostaglandin analogues (PG) are approved for first line therapy for several years and they are the most frequently used IOP lowering agents now, because of their strong IOP lowering effect and once daily application. All PG that have been on the market are containing Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) as preservatives. These preservatives may cause tolerability problems and inflammation. Dry eyes and ocular surface disorders (OSD) have been limiting the use of PG with BAK. The introduction of Tafluprost without BAK is a significant addition in our medical options for glaucoma treatment. In clinical use we can consider Tafluprost sine as a useful option in patients with dry eye, ocular surface disorder, allergy to BAK or intolerability. The IOP lowering effect is comparable to the most frequently used PG Latanoprost. The application is once daily as well. Because of the high rate of dry eye patients and OSD patients Tafluprost sine is a very useful option. If these patients need more than one medication the combination of Cosopt sine and Tafluprost sine is an option of three IOP lowering molecules with three drops a day in total but unpreserved.
From repair to regeneration – from laboratory discovery to clinic advance
Authors: KHAW PT 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBiological processes involved in tissue repair play a part in every major blinding disease. We investigated the mechanisms involved in ocular tissue repair following surgery and disease, and have used in vitro cell culture and in vivo models of conjunctival scarring based on our clinical experience. In our laboratory work, we take into account evolving surgical aspects of our treatments, using the model of fistulising surgery for glaucoma, the most common cause of irreversible blindness. We then translate our laboratory findings into new clinical treatments. Using this approach, we investigated the role of several aspects of scarring ‐ cellular proliferation, growth factors, inflammation and matrix remodelling. We then used our in vivo model to evolve further treatments. Some have been taken through to pilot and large scale international clinical trials, and have shown reduction in scarring and improvement in the survival of surgery. The treatments include single applications of inexpensive anticancer agents, combinations of these with growth factor antagonists (including the first successful treatment for retinal scarring), nanomolecule dendrimers and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors for clinical use. Our glaucoma trials showed that, in patients in whom scarring is well controlled, none progressed over nearly a decade. This enabled us to improve our surgical techniques and considerably reduce the incidence of sight threatening post‐surgery complications. Our lab experiments suggest that if scarring can be controlled, tissues may be permissive to regenerative processes including stem cell transplantation. Ultimately, we hope most scarring processes can be controlled, to allow the human body to regenerate after disease and injury.
A novel association of Cowden syndrome and combined hamartoma of retina and retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: DE ZAEYTIJD J , BANO G , HODGSON S , WILSON P , PAL B , EGAN C 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To describe a patient with Cowden syndrome(CS), the multiple hamartoma and neoplasia syndrome, who was diagnosed with a unilateral combined hamartoma of retina and retinal pigment epithelium(CHR‐RPE). Methods A 27‐year old lady presented with a history of headaches. She also had thyroid enlargement. She underwent MRI brain, full ophthalmic and genetic work‐up. Results MRI brain showed a cerebellar lesion and examinations of the eyes revealed an anomalous right optic disc on top of bilateral papilloedema. Histology of the cerebellar lesion was suggestive of Lhermitte‐Duclos disease. This together with the thyroid enlargement raised the suspicion of Cowden's disease. DNA analysis of PTEN gene confirmed the clinical diagnosis. BCVA was 6/24 in the right eye and 6/6 in the left. Funduscopy revealed an anomalous right optic disc covered with elevated grayish glial tissue, distorted and dilated vasculature, retinal folds and exudation around the disc. FFA revealed typical CHR‐RPE characteristics: multiple, irregular, dilated blood vessels, dilation of the retinal capillary network and diffuse leakage during late phase. OCT demonstrated an elevated mass with hyperreflectivity in the retina and hyporeflective shadowing of the underlying tissue, total retinal disorganization, and an epiretinal membrane. Conclusion Some ocular anomalies have been described in Cowden syndrome, however not CHR‐RPE. Therefore CHR‐RPE should alert the clinician to the possibility of CS in a suspected scenario. The recognition of this rare finding as a possible presenting feature can lead to earlier diagnosis, which is vital to appropriate surveillance and possibly life saving surgical intervention of the highly frequent neoplasias in CS.
MFGE8 expression in uveal melanoma
Authors: MOULIN AP , CARRASCOSA C , PAULILLO SARA , ZOGRAFOS L , MARIOTTI A 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose MFGE8 (lactadherin) is a pro‐angiogenic glycoprotein of milk fat‐globule that has been involved in tumor progression in an angiogenesis dependent mouse model of carcinogenesis. In a study evaluating protein expression in membrane rafts of cutaneous melanoma at different stages of progression, MFGE8 expression was found to be enriched in membrane rafts of metastatic cutaneous melanoma cell lines. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the expression of lactadherin in primary and metastatic uveal melanoma. Methods Expression of MFGE8 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 10 primary and 10 metastatic non irradiated uveal melanoma. Western blot analysis was also performed in 3 uveal melanoma cells lines. Statistical analysis was performed using JMP software. Results MFGE8 expression was identified in only 2 primary uveal melanoma and in 7 metastatic uveal melanoma (p=0,0349). In the primary uveal melanoma, MFGE8 expression was cytoplasmic and membranous in one case and only cytoplasmic in one case. In the metastases, expression was cytoplasmic and membranous in 5 cases and only cytoplasmic in 2 cases. There were no correlation between MFGE8 expression and cell type. Confirmation of MGFE8 expression was identified by Western blot analysis in OCM3, OCM8 and 92,1 uveal melanoma cell lines. Conclusion This pilot study demonstrate for the first time the expression of MFGE8 in uveal melanoma and uveal melanoma cell lines. MFGE8 expression appears to be significantly higher in metastatic tumour and might play a role in tumour progression. Functional studies should be performed to better delineate the role of MFGE8 in uveal melanoma tumor progression.