bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning-based model to predict delirium in patients with advanced cancer treated with palliative care: a multicenter, patient-based registry cohort
Authors: Kim Yu Jung , Lee Hayeon , Woo Ho Geol , Lee Si Won , Hong Moonki , Jung Eun Hee , Yoo Shin Hye , Lee Jinseok , Yon Dong Keon , Kang Beodeul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to present a new approach to predict to delirium admitted to the acute palliative care unit. To achieve this, this study employed machine learning model to predict delirium in patients in palliative care and identified the significant features that influenced the model. A multicenter, patient-based registry cohort study in South Korea between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020. Delirium was identified by reviewing the medical records based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. The study dataset included 165 patients with delirium among 2314 patients with advanced cancer admitted to the acute palliative care unit. Seven machine learning models, including extreme gradient boosting, adaptive boosting, gradient boosting, light gradient boosting, logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest, were evaluated to predict delirium in patients with advanced cancer admitted to the acute palliative care unit. An ensemble approach was adopted to determine the optimal model. For k-fold cross-validation, the combination of extreme gradient boosting and random forest provided the best performance, achieving the following accuracy metrics: 68.83% sensitivity, 70.85% specificity, 69.84% balanced accuracy, and 74.55% area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The performance of the isolated testing dataset was also validated, and the machine learning model was successfully deployed on a public website (http://ai-wm.khu.ac.kr/Delirium/) to provide public access to delirium prediction results in patients with advanced cancer. Furthermore, using feature importance analysis, sex was determined to be the top contributor in predicting delirium, followed by a history of delirium, chemotherapy, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and living with family. Based on a large-scale, multicenter, patient-based registry cohort, a machine learning prediction model for delirium in patients with advanced cancer was developed in South Korea. We believe that this model will assist healthcare providers in treating patients with delirium and advanced cancer.
Exploring fluoropolymers for fabrication of femtoliter chamber arrays used in digital bioanalysis
Authors: Ando Jun , Murai Kazue , Mori Makiko , Michiyuki Tomoe , Iida Tatsuya , Makino Asami , Shinoda Hajime , Watanabe Rikiya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe global supply of fluoropolymers and fluorinated solvents is decreasing due to environmental concerns regarding polyfluoroalkyl substances. CYTOP has been used for decades primarily as a component of a femtoliter chamber array for digital bioanalysis; however, its supply has recently become scarce, increasing the urgency of fabricating a femtoliter chamber array using alternative materials. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of fabricating a femtoliter chamber array using four types of fluoropolymers in stable supply as candidate substitutes and verified their applicability for digital bioanalysis. Among these candidates, Fluorine Sealant emerged as a viable option for fabricating femtoliter chamber arrays using a conventional photolithography process. To validate its efficacy, we performed various digital bioanalysis using FP-A-based chamber arrays with model enzymes such as CRISPR–Cas, horseradish peroxidase, and β-galactosidase. The results demonstrated the similar performance to that of CYTOP, highlighting the broader utility of FP-A in digital bioanalysis. Our findings underscore the potential of FP-A to enhance the versatility of digital bioanalysis and foster the ongoing advancement of innovative diagnostic technologies.
Antibody longevity and waning following COVID-19 vaccination in a 1-year longitudinal cohort in Bangladesh
Authors: Haq Md. Ahsanul , Roy Anjan Kumar , Ahmed Razu , Kuddusi Rakib Ullah , Sinha Monika , Hossain Md. Shamim , Vandenent Maya , Islam Mohammad Zahirul , Zaman Rashid U. , Kibria Md. Golam , Razzaque Abdur , Raqib Rubhana , Sarker Protim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCOVID-19 vaccines have been effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death, however, the effectiveness diminishes with time. Here, we evaluated the longevity of antibodies generated by COIVD-19 vaccines and the risk of (re)infection in Bangladeshi population. Adults receiving two doses of AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna or Sinopharm vaccines were enrolled at 2–4 weeks after second dosing and followed-up at 4-monthly interval for 1 year. Data on COVID-like symptoms, confirmed COVID-19 infection, co-morbidities, and receipt of booster dose were collected; blood was collected for measuring spike (S)- and nucleocapsid (N)-specific antibodies. S-specific antibody titers reduced by ~ 50% at 1st follow-up visit and continued to decline unless re-stimulated by booster vaccine dose or (re)infection. Individuals infected between follow-up visits showed significantly lower S-antibody titers at preceding visits compared to the uninfected individuals. Pre-enrolment infection between primary vaccination dosing exhibited 60% and 50% protection against reinfection at 5 and 9 months, respectively. mRNA vaccines provided highest odds of protection from (re)infection up to 5 months (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.08), however, protection persisted for 9 months in AstraZeneca vaccine recipients (OR = 0.06). In conclusion, vaccine-mediated protection from (re)infection is partially linked to elevated levels of S-specific antibodies. AstraZeneca vaccine provided the longest protection.
Movement trajectories as a window into the dynamics of emerging neural representations
Authors: Koenig-Robert Roger , Quek Genevieve L. , Grootswagers Tijl , Varlet Manuel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe rapid transformation of sensory inputs into meaningful neural representations is critical to adaptive human behaviour. While non-invasive neuroimaging methods are the de-facto method for investigating neural representations, they remain expensive, not widely available, time-consuming, and restrictive. Here we show that movement trajectories can be used to measure emerging neural representations with fine temporal resolution. By combining online computer mouse-tracking and publicly available neuroimaging data via representational similarity analysis (RSA), we show that movement trajectories track the unfolding of stimulus- and category-wise neural representations along key dimensions of the human visual system. We demonstrate that time-resolved representational structures derived from movement trajectories overlap with those derived from M/EEG (albeit delayed) and those derived from fMRI in functionally-relevant brain areas. Our findings highlight the richness of movement trajectories and the power of the RSA framework to reveal and compare their information content, opening new avenues to better understand human perception.
Group 2i Isochrysidales thrive in marine and lacustrine systems with ice cover
Authors: Wang Karen J. , Huang Yongsong , Kartzinel Tyler , Majaneva Markus , Richter Nora , Liao Sian , Andresen Camilla S. , Vermassen Flor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlobal warming is causing rapid changes to the cryosphere. Predicting the future trajectory of the cryosphere requires quantitative reconstruction of its past variations. A recently identified sea-ice-associated haptophyte, known as Group 2i Isochrysidales, has given rise to a new sea-ice proxy with its characteristic alkenone distributions. However, apart from the occurrence of Group 2i Isochrysidales in regions with sea ice, and the empirical relationship between C37:4 alkenone abundance and sea-ice concentration, little is known about the ecology of these haptophyte species. Here, we systematically mapped the spatial and temporal occurrence of known Group 2i Isochrysidales based on environmental DNA in both marine and lacustrine environments. Our results indicate Group 2i is widely distributed in icy marine and lacustrine environments in both Northern and Southern Hemisphere, but is absent in warm environments. Temporally, Group 2i is part of the sea-ice algae bloom during the cold seasons, in contrast to other Isochrysidales that bloom in open waters during warm seasons. Our results indicate that ice is a prerequisite for the occurrence of the psychrophilic Group 2i haptophytes in marine and lacustrine ecosystems and further affirms its value for past ice reconstructions.
Comparison between contact diode laser with 980 nm and 1470 nm wavelengths for posterior laryngofissure in pigs
Authors: Rodrigues Isaac de Faria Soares , Guerreiro Cardoso Paulo Francisco , Nepomuceno da Silva Natalia Aparecida , Correia Aristides Tadeu , Minamoto Helio , Bibas Benoit Jacques , Xavier Costa Natalia de Souza , Mancini Marilia Wellichan , Dolhnikoff Marisa , Pego-Fernandes Paulo Manuel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo compare two different wavelengths of the surgical contact diode laser (CDL) for producing a posterior laryngofissure in in-vivo pigs. Anesthetized pigs underwent a tracheostomy and an anterior laryngofissure through a cervicotomy. They were randomly selected for the CDL wavelength and Power, according to the peak of Power set at device (980nm wavelength: Ppeak power of 10 W, 15 W, and 20 W, or 1470 nm wavelength: Ppeak 3 W, 5 W, 7 W, 10 W). At the end of the experiment, the laryngotracheal specimen was extracted and sent for histology and morphometry measurements (incision size, depth, area, and lateral thermal damage). Hemodynamic data and arterial blood gases were recorded during the incisions. Statistical analysis of the comparisons between the parameters and groups had a level of significance of p < 0.05. Twenty-six pigs were divided into CDL 980 nm (n = 11) and 1470 nm (n = 15). There was a greater incision area at the thyroid level in the 980 nm CDL and a wider incision at the trachea level, with a larger distance between mucosa borders. There were no significant differences in the area of lateral thermal damage between the two groups and neither difference among the power levels tested. Both wavelengths tested showed similar results in the various combinations of power levels without significant differences in the lateral thermal damage. The posterior laryngofissure incision can be performed by either of the wavelengths at low and medium power levels without great difference on lateral thermal damage.
Dynamic characterization of water hammer in gangue fly ash slurry pipelines during valve closure
Authors: Hao Yuxin , Song Xuepeng , Wang Chengshuai , Fan Bowen , Yang Kai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the process of coal-filling mining, the gangue fly-ash slurry (GFS) needs to be transported over a long distance to reach the gobs. The abrupt closure of the valve during the transportation of GFS can result in a water hammer that significantly endangers the stability and safety of the pipeline transport system. To study the fluctuations in pressure induced by abrupt closure of the valve, experiments on the rheological parameters of gangue-coal ash slurry were conducted. Transient numerical simulations were carried out using the computational fluid dynamics method for various valve closing times. The results indicate that, with the increase of slurry concentration, the yield stress of the slurry significantly increases. When the concentration exceeds 76%, the increase in yield stress reaches 38.4% and 35.1%, respectively. Upon valve closure, the internal pressure of the slurry in the pipeline exhibits periodic dynamic oscillations. As the duration of valve closure increases, the frequency of periodic water hammer events decreases. The maximum water hammer pressure caused by valve closure decreases with the increasing distance between the valve and the closure point. At the same time, the intensity of maximum water hammer pressure fluctuations increases with the increase in slurry concentration and flow velocity in the pipeline. The results can provide references for water hammer protection and pipeline selection during the transportation of backfill slurry in mining.
Genome-wide association analysis uncovers rice blast resistance alleles of Ptr and Pia
Authors: Greenwood Julian R. , Lacorte-Apostol Vanica , Kroj Thomas , Padilla Jonas , Telebanco-Yanoria Mary Jeanie , Glaus Anna N. , Roulin Anne , Padilla André , Zhou Bo , Keller Beat , Krattinger Simon G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA critical step to maximize the usefulness of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in plant breeding is the identification and validation of candidate genes underlying genetic associations. This is of particular importance in disease resistance breeding where allelic variants of resistance genes often confer resistance to distinct populations, or races, of a pathogen. Here, we perform a genome-wide association analysis of rice blast resistance in 500 genetically diverse rice accessions. To facilitate candidate gene identification, we produce de-novo genome assemblies of ten rice accessions with various rice blast resistance associations. These genome assemblies facilitate the identification and functional validation of novel alleles of the rice blast resistance genes Ptr and Pia. We uncover an allelic series for the unusual Ptr rice blast resistance gene, and additional alleles of the Pia resistance genes RGA4 and RGA5. By linking these associations to three thousand rice genomes we provide a useful tool to inform future rice blast breeding efforts. Our work shows that GWAS in combination with whole-genome sequencing is a powerful tool for gene cloning and to facilitate selection of specific resistance alleles for plant breeding.
A vegetable fat-based diet delays psychomotor and cognitive development compared with maternal dairy fat intake in infant gray mouse lemurs
Authors: Chaudron Yohann , Boyer Constance , Marmonier Corinne , Plourde Mélanie , Vachon Annick , Delplanque Bernadette , Taouis Mohammed , Pifferi Fabien 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDairy fat has a unique lipid profile; it is rich in short- and medium-chain saturated fatty acids that induce ketone production and has a balanced ω6/ω3 ratio that promotes cognitive development in early life. Moreover, the high consumption of vegetable oils in pregnant and lactating women raises concerns regarding the quality of lipids provided to offspring. Here, we investigate maternal dairy fat intake during gestation and lactation in a highly valuable primate model for infant nutritional studies, the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Two experimental diets are provided to gestant mouse lemurs: a dairy fat-based (DF) or vegetable fat-based diet (VF). The psychomotor performance of neonates is tested during their first 30 days. Across all tasks, we observe more successful neonates born to mothers fed a DF diet. A greater rate of falls is observed in 8-day-old VF neonates, which is associated with delayed psychomotor development. Our findings suggest the potential benefits of lipids originating from a lactovegetarian diet compared with those originating from a vegan diet for the psychomotor development of neonates.
Enhanced emergent electromagnetic inductance in Tb5Sb3 due to highly disordered helimagnetism
Authors: Kitaori Aki , White Jonathan S. , Ukleev Victor , Peng Licong , Nakajima Kiyomi , Kanazawa Naoya , Yu Xiuzhen , Ōnuki Yoshichika , Tokura Yoshinori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn helimagnetic metals, ac current-driven spin motions can generate emergent electric fields acting on conduction electrons, leading to emergent electromagnetic induction (EEMI). Recent experiments reveal the EEMI signal generally shows a strongly current-nonlinear response. In this study, we investigate the EEMI of Tb5Sb3, a short-period helimagnet. Using small angle neutron scattering we show that Tb5Sb3 hosts highly disordered helimagnetism with a distribution of spin-helix periodicity. The current-nonlinear dynamics of the disordered spin helix in Tb5Sb3 indeed shows up as the nonlinear electrical resistivity (real part of ac resistivity), and even more clearly as a nonlinear and huge EEMI (imaginary part of ac resistivity) response. The magnitude of the EEMI reaches as large as several tens of μH for Tb5Sb3 devices on the scale of several tens of μm, originating to noncollinear spin textures possibly even without long-range helimagnetic order.
Metal mobilization from thawing permafrost to aquatic ecosystems is driving rusting of Arctic streams
Authors: O’Donnell Jonathan A. , Carey Michael P. , Koch Joshua C. , Baughman Carson , Hill Kenneth , Zimmerman Christian E. , Sullivan Patrick F. , Dial Roman , Lyons Timothy , Cooper David J. , Poulin Brett A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClimate change in the Arctic is altering watershed hydrologic processes and biogeochemistry. Here, we present an emergent threat to Arctic watersheds based on observations from 75 streams in Alaska’s Brooks Range that recently turned orange, reflecting increased loading of iron and toxic metals. Using remote sensing, we constrain the timing of stream discoloration to the last 10 years, a period of rapid warming and snowfall, suggesting impairment is likely due to permafrost thaw. Thawing permafrost can foster chemical weathering of minerals, microbial reduction of soil iron, and groundwater transport of metals to streams. Compared to clear reference streams, orange streams have lower pH, higher turbidity, and higher sulfate, iron, and trace metal concentrations, supporting sulfide mineral weathering as a primary mobilization process. Stream discoloration was associated with dramatic declines in macroinvertebrate diversity and fish abundance. These findings have considerable implications for drinking water supplies and subsistence fisheries in rural Alaska.
A framework for small satellite deployable structures and how to deploy them reliably
Authors: Sauder Jonathan , Gebara Christine , Reddy Narravula Harshavardhan , García-Mora Carlos J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBecause of the miniaturization of small satellites, most of them have deployables to expand effective areas. However, Small Satellites are not only required to miniaturize systems, but often have a reduced budget, timeline, and employ teams with less experience. The goal of this paper is to provide a starting point for those new to deloyables, and working on small satellites, to understand the approaches available for deployable mechanisms and provide design practices which can improve success rates. To do so, this paper develops a framework for small satellite deployable structures, categorizing them into distinct deployment stages. It investigates the approaches that can be utilized for each stage, focusing on the stow, restrain, actuate, and locate stages. This review paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, supported by examples provided in the references. It then highlights best practices for deployable mechanisms, and describes key challenges and future directions. By offering a comprehensive analysis of small deployable systems, this paper aims to guide engineers and researchers in implementing successful design practices for small satellite deployable structures.
Alzheimer’s disease as a women’s health challenge: a call for action on integrative precision medicine approaches
Authors: Miramontes S. , Pereda Serras C. , Woldemariam S. R. , Khan U. , Li Y. , Tang A. S. , Tsoy E. , Oskotsky T. T. , Sirota M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is marked by pronounced sex differences in pathophysiology and progression. However, the field has yet to fully recognize AD as a women’s health issue, delaying the development of targeted preventative strategies and treatments. This perspective explores the elements impacting AD in women, identifying sex specificity in risk factors, highlighting new diagnostic approaches with electronic health records, and reviewing key molecular studies to underscore the need for integrative precision medicine approaches. Established AD risk factors such as advancing age, the apolipoprotein E4 allele, and poorer cardiovascular health affect women differently. We also shed light on sociocultural risk factors, focusing on the gender disparities that may play a role in AD development. From a biological perspective, sex differences in AD are apparent in biomarkers and transcriptomics, further emphasizing the need for targeted diagnostics and treatments. The convergence of novel multiomics data and cutting-edge computational tools provides a unique opportunity to study the molecular underpinnings behind sex dimorphism in AD. Thus, precision medicine emerges as a promising framework for understanding AD pathogenesis through the integration of genetics, sex, environment, and lifestyle. By characterizing AD as a women’s health challenge, we can catalyze a transformative shift in AD research and care, marked by improved diagnostic accuracy, targeted interventions, and ultimately, enhanced clinical outcomes.
The Effect of Visual Articulatory Cues on the Identification of Mandarin Tones by Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Li Shanpeng , Wang Yinuo , Yu Qianxi , Feng Yan , Tang Ping 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
This study explored the facilitatory effect of visual articulatory cues on the identification of Mandarin lexical tones by children with cochlear implants (CIs) in both quiet and noisy environments. It also explored whether early implantation is associated with better use of visual cues in tonal identification.

Method:
Participants included 106 children with CIs and 100 normal-hearing (NH) controls. A tonal identification task was employed using a two-alternative forced-choice picture-pointing paradigm. Participants' tonal identification accuracies were compared between audio-only (AO) and audiovisual (AV) modalities. Correlations between implantation ages and visual benefits (accuracy differences between AO and AV modalities) were also examined.

Results:
Children with CIs demonstrated an improved identification accuracy from AO to AV modalities in the noisy environment. Additionally, earlier implantation was significantly correlated with a greater visual benefit in noise.

Conclusions:
These findings indicated that children with CIs benefited from visual cues on tonal identification in noise, and early implantation enhanced the visual benefit. These results thus have practical implications on tonal perception interventions for Mandarin-speaking children with CIs.