bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routing and scheduling for energy and delay minimization in the powerdown model
Authors: Andrews Matthew , Fernández Anta Antonio , Zhang Lisa , Zhao Wenbo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEnergy conservation is drawing increasing attention in data networking. As networks are designed for peak traffic, network elements typically operate at full speed and consume maximum power even when carrying low traffic. One school of thought believes that a dominant amount of power saving comes from turning off network elements. The difficulty is that transitioning between the active and sleeping modes consumes considerable energy and time. This results in an obvious trade‐off between saving energy and provisioning performance guarantees such as end‐to‐end delays. We study the following routing and scheduling problem in a network in which each network element either operates in the full‐rate active mode or the zero‐rate sleeping mode. For a given network and traffic matrix, routing determines the path that each traffic stream traverses. For frame‐based periodic scheduling, a schedule determines the active period per element within each frame and prioritizes packets within each active period. For a line topology, we present a schedule with close‐to‐minimum delay for a minimum active period per element. For an arbitrary topology, we partition the network into a collection of lines and use the near‐optimal schedule along each line. Additional delay is incurred only when a path switches from one line to another. By minimizing the number of switchings via routing, we show a logarithmic approximation for both power consumption and end‐to‐end delays. If routing is given as input, we present two schedules one of which has active period proportional to the traffic load per network element, and the other has active period proportional to the maximum load over all elements. The end‐to‐end delay of the latter is much improved compared to the delay for the former. This demonstrates the trade‐off between power and delay. Finally, we provide simulation results to validate our algorithmic approaches. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2013
First Approach to Study the Presence of Domesticated Camelids (Lama glama) in the Chaco‐Santiago Region, a Marginal Zone of the South Central Andes
Authors: del Papa Luis M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe analysed bone remains of camelids from the Maquijata site, assigned to the late pottery‐making and farming stage (ca. 800–400 BP), in order to differentiate between domestic and wild species in the Chaco‐Santiago archaeological region. This region is considered marginal to the Argentine Northwest regarding its cultural development and has received less attention than other regions. South American camelids have been one of the major resources in this continent, with domestication recorded in the South Central Andes at around 4400–3000 BP. We applied osteometric techniques and multivariate statistical analyses to proximal phalanges; the results showed interspecific differentiation of archaeological specimens, though with some methodological application issues. These results are the first contribution regarding the presence of domesticated animals in the study area. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Notch‐3 receptor activation drives inflammation and fibrosis following tubulointerstitial kidney injury
Authors: Djudjaj Sonja , Chatziantoniou Christos , Raffetseder Ute , Guerrot Dominique , Dussaule Jean‐Claude , Boor Peter , Kerroch Monique , Hanssen Lydia , Brandt Sabine , Dittrich Annemarie , Ostendorf Tammo , Floege Jürgen , Zhu Cheng , Lindenmeyer Maja , Cohen Clemens D , Mertens Peter R 
Published: July 2012

AbstractKidney diseases impart a vast burden on affected individuals and the overall health care system. Progressive loss of renal parenchymal cells and functional decline following injury are often observed. Notch‐1 and ‐2 receptors are crucially involved in nephron development and contribute to inflammatory kidney diseases. We specifically determined the participation of receptor Notch‐3 following tubulointerstitial injury and in inflammatory responses. Here we show by heat map analyses that Notch‐3 transcripts are up‐regulated in human kidney diseases. A similar response was corroborated with kidney cells following TGF‐β exposure in vitro. The murine unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model mirrors hallmarks of tubulointerstitial injury and damage. A subset of tubular and interstitial cells demonstrated up‐regulated Notch‐3 receptor expression in diseased animals. We hypothesized a relevance of Notch‐3 receptors for the chemotactic response. To address this question, animals with genetic ablation of receptor Notch‐3 were analysed following UUO. As a result, we found that Notch‐3‐deficient animals are protected from tubular injury and cell loss with significantly reduced interstitial collagen deposition. Monocytic cell infiltration was significantly reduced and retarded, likely due to abrogated chemokine synthesis. A cell model was set up that mimics enhanced receptor Notch‐3 expression and activation. Here a pro‐mitogenic response was seen with activated signalling in tubular cells and fibroblasts. In conclusion, Notch‐3 receptor fulfils non‐redundant roles in the inflamed kidney that may not be replaced by other Notch receptor family members. Thus, specific blockade of this receptor may be suitable as therapeutic option to delay progression of kidney disease. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification of Phenylalkanoids and Monoterpene Glycosides from Rhodiola rosea L. Roots by High‐speed Counter‐current Chromatography
Authors: Mudge Elizabeth , Lopes‐Lutz Daise , Brown Paula N. , Schieber Andreas 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionRhodiola rosea L. is a medicinal herb used for its adaptogenic properties. The main active components are the phenylpropanoids collectively referred to as rosavins.ObjectivesTo develop an isolation method for phytochemicals present in Rhodiola rosea roots using high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC).MethodologyThe roots of Rhodiola rosea were extracted with methanol and fractionated using liquid–liquid partition and polyamide column clean‐up. The purified fraction (100 mg) was subjected to semi‐preparative HSCCC using the two‐phase solvent system ethyl acetate:butanol:water (3:2:5). The head‐to‐tail elution mode was employed with a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and a rotary speed of 1000 rpm.ResultsThe separation yielded six main fractions with four components more than 90% pure. The sixth fraction was further purified using semi‐preparative HPLC with a Synergi‐hydro RP C18‐column to obtain rosin and geranyl 1‐O‐α‐l‐arabinopyranosyl(1 → 6)‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside. The main components isolated were rosavin (3.4 mg, 97% purity), salidroside (0.5 mg, 90% purity), benzyl‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (1.2 mg, 85% purity), rosarin (1.3 mg, 99% purity), rosiridin (1.8 mg, 92% purity), rosin (1.2 mg, 95% purity) and geranyl 1‐O‐α‐l‐arabinopyranosyl(1 → 6)‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (6.5 mg, 97% purity). The identity and purity of these components were confirmed using ultrafast liquid chromatography–diode‐array detector–MS/MS analysis, 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy.ConclusionHigh‐speed counter‐current chromatography was successful in the isolation of several phytochemicals present in Rhodiola rosea roots, including two components that are not commercially available. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regional and global myocardial deformation of the fetal right ventricle in hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Miller Thomas A. , Puchalski Michael D. , Weng Cindy , Menon Shaji C. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveQuantification of fetal right ventricular (RV) function by 2D‐echocardiography is challenging. Velocity vector imaging (VVI) is an angle independent speckle tracking technique that assesses regional myocardial mechanics. Alteration in the deformation of the fetal RV in hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the regional mechanics of the fetal RV in HLHS.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed HLHS fetuses imaged at our center. Velocity, strain and strain rate were obtained using VVI. Global and regional parameters of RV deformation were compared between HLHS fetuses and gestational age matched controls.ResultsA total of 30 HLHS fetuses and 30 gestational age matched controls were analyzed. The mean gestational age was 30.5 ±3.5 weeks. Global myocardial strain was significantly decreased in HLHS RVs compared to controls (−1.9% vs. ‐4.1%, p = 0.003). The volume of the hypoplastic left ventricle did not affect RV deformation in HLHS.ConclusionsCompared to controls, the RV in HLHS fetuses has decreased systolic strain. Prenatal abnormalities in RV myocardial deformation may be responsible for inefficient cardiac performance and output. RV myocardial performance in HLHS can be measured prenatally and may be predictive of post‐natal RV dysfunction. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microwave dielectric properties and EMI shielding effectiveness of poly(styrene‐b‐styrene‐ butadiene‐styrene) copolymer filled with PAni.Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and carbon black
Authors: Schettini Anderson R.A. , Khastgir Dipak , Soares Bluma G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractConducting composites of polyaniline doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PAni.DBSA), carbon black (CB) and poly(styrene‐b‐styrene‐butadiene‐b‐styrene) (STF) as supporting matrix were prepared by in situ polymerization. The influence of components and composition (% w/w) on the electromagnetic properties (dielectric constant ε′ and the dielectric loss ε″) and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI‐SE) of the materials were evaluated with a waveguide, using a microwave network analyzer from 8.2 to 12.4 GHz (X‐band). It was found that CB presence generates adverse effects on PAni.DBSA yield during synthesis, as it can be seen by X‐ray diffraction and TGA analyses. The type of PAni.DBSA formed modifies the composites properties. Dielectric constant, loss factor, and EMI shielding increase with conductive filler loading. Both the fillers, individually and in combination, increase the properties; however, the effect is not additive in nature. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 52:2041–2048, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Acrylic microspheres as drug‐delivery systems: synthesis through in situ microemulsion photoinduced polymerization and characterization
Authors: Bruno Patrizia , Malucelli Giulio , Tylkowski Bartosz , Ferré Joan , Giamberini Marta 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAcrylic microspheres bearing a dense shell were successfully prepared by an in situ microemulsion photoinduced polymerization. Experiments following a fractional factorial design were performed for assessing the effect of the main reaction parameters (surfactant concentration in the aqueous phase, stirring rate, organic to water volume ratio, irradiation time) on the morphology of the microspheres and on their encapsulation yield. Environmental scanning electron microscopy and porosity measurements were carried out. Finally, the drug‐delivery features of the obtained products were investigated, evaluating the release of vanillin, chosen as a reference compound. The diffusion coefficients were found to be almost unvaried despite the increase in BET area. Such products show promising potentialities for home and personal care applications. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Interdomain orientation of cardiac Troponin C characterized by paramagnetic relaxation enhancement NMR reveals a compact state
Authors: Cordina Nicole M. , Liew Chu Kong , Gell David A. , Fajer Piotr G. , Mackay Joel P. , Brown Louise J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCardiac troponin C (cTnC) is the calcium binding subunit of the troponin complex that triggers the thin filament response to calcium influx into the sarcomere. cTnC consists of two globular EF‐hand domains (termed the N‐ and C‐domains) connected by a flexible linker. While the conformation of each domain of cTnC has been thoroughly characterized through NMR studies involving either the isolated N‐domain (N‐cTnC) or C‐domain (C‐cTnC), little attention has been paid to the range of interdomain orientations possible in full‐length cTnC that arises as a consequence of the flexibility of the domain linker. Flexibility in the domain linker of cTnC is essential for effective regulatory function of troponin. We have therefore utilized paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) NMR to assess the interdomain orientation of cTnC. Ensemble fitting of our interdomain PRE measurements reveals that isolated cTnC has considerable interdomain flexibility and preferentially adopts a bent conformation in solution, with a defined range of relative domain orientations.
Comparison of molecular graphs of Lin, Nanand Cun(n= 2–5) clusters obtained from the density and the molecular electrostatic potential
Authors: Calaminici Patrizia , Domínguez‐Soria Victor Daniel , Köster Andreas M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe analysis of the molecular graphs of the density and the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of small lithium, sodium and copper ground state cluster structures up to the pentamer is presented. For the underlying topological analysis all‐electron calculations were performed within the framework of Kohn–Sham density functional theory. The calculations are performed with the local level of theory in combination with all‐electron double zeta valence polarization basis sets. For this analysis, the ground state cluster structures obtained at the same level of theory were used. Molecular graphs of the density as well as the MEP are reported. The differences in the topology of the electronic density, MEP, and corresponding molecular graphs of the studied small lithium, sodium, and copper clusters are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synchronization of coupled neural networks with random coupling strengths and mixed probabilistic time‐varying delays
Authors: Yang Xinsong , Cao Jinde , Lu Jianquan 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the global asymptotic synchronization in an array of coupled neural networks with random coupling strengths, probabilistic interval time‐varying coupling delays as well as unbounded distributed delays (mixed delays). Two important integral inequalities that include the Jensen's inequality as a special case are developed. On the basis of the developed inequalities, the properties of random variables and Lyapunov functional method, several delay‐dependent sufficient synchronization criteria are derived for the considered model. The derived synchronization criteria are formulated by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and can be easily verified by using MATLAB LMI Toolbox. Some existing results are improved and extended by taking different values of parameters of the obtained results. Numerical simulations are finally given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Input‐to‐state stability of a class of descriptor systems
Authors: Zhou Juan , Zhang Qingling , Men Bo , Huang Shoudong 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThis paper studies the input‐to‐state stability (ISS) of descriptor systems with exogenous disturbances. on the basis of the ISS theory of standard state‐space nonlinear systems, a sufficient condition for a class of nonlinear descriptor system to be ISS is proved. Furthermore, a design method of the state feedback controllers is given to make the closed‐loop system ISS. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the controller design.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molded electrode test system for evaluating wet electrical performance of flexible poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Neese Bret P. , Chaudhary Bharat I. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe molded electrode test system (METS) test has long been used with flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) electrical insulation. However, there are many questions regarding its precision and accuracy, as there is no industry‐accepted standard regarding this test. This paper aims to answer some of these questions in terms of the measurement precision as well as the ability of the test to predict wet electrical performance on wire. A repeatability study was conducted on flexible PVC compound where 10 samples were produced and tested under identical conditions. The mean insulation resistance was (550 MΩ)/(305 m) with a standard deviation of (120 MΩ)/(305 m). As the thickness of the insulation increased, the insulation resistance decreased. Furthermore, the study showed that there was no correlation between the METS test and wet volume resistivity, while there was some correlation with wet insulation resistance (IR) at high temperature, though the ability to predict wet IR from the METS test was limited. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 18:178–183, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Measurement and simple equation models of the specific heats of neat and glycerol‐plasticized poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Sin Lee Tin , Rahman W.A.W.A. , Rahmat A.R. , Bee Soo Tueen , Tee Tiam Ting , Low Chong Yu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe specific heats (Csp) of neat and glycerol‐plasticized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry at 330–530 K. Glycerol‐plasticized poly(vinyl alcohol) was prepared by a melt‐blending method. The outcomes were modeled into mathematical functions. Incorporation of glycerol increased the specific heat of PVOH. Glycerol provided internal lubrication to the PVOH system, giving a smoother and lower‐amplitude melting curve. As a result, glycerol‐plasticized PVOH had a lower melting‐temperature range than neat PVOH. However, higher energy was required to increase the temperature of glycerol‐plasticized PVOH. The modeling functions showed a best fits regression range of 0.967–0.999. Neat PVOH and glycerol‐plasticized PVOH required 1166.05 J/g and 2113.09 J/g, respectively, to increase the temperature from 330 to 530 K. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 18:198–203, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Characterization of glycolytic metabolism and ion transport of Candida albicans
Authors: Calahorra Martha , Sánchez Norma Silvia , Peña Antonio 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe main energetic pathways, fermentation and respiration, and the general ion transport properties of Candida albicans were studied. Compared to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we found that in C. albicans: (a) the cell mass yield when grown in YPD was significantly larger; (b) it required longer times to be starved of endogenous substrates; (c) ethanol production was lower but significant; (d) respiration was also lower; (e) it showed a small activity of an alternative oxidase; (f) fermentation and oxidative phosphorylation seemed to compete for both ADP and NADH; and (g) NADH levels were lower. Regarding ion transport and compared to S. cerevisiae: (a) the general mechanism was similar, with a plasma membrane H+‐ATPase that generates both a plasma membrane ΔpH and a ΔΨ, the latter being responsible for driving K+ inside; (b) its acidification capacity is slightly smaller and less sensitive to activation by high pH; and (c) the presence of K+ results in a large activation of both respiration and fermentation, most probably due to the energy required in the process. ADP produced by H+‐ATPase stimulation by high pH or the addition of K+ at low pH results in the increase of both respiration and fermentation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stop the top background of the stop search
Authors: Bai Yang , Cheng Hsin-Chia , Gallicchio Jason , Gu Jiayin 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

The main background for the supersymmetric stop direct production search comes from Standard Model
$ t\overline t $
events. For the single-lepton search channel, we introduce a few kinematic variables to further suppress this background by focusing on its dileptonic and semileptonic topologies. All are defined to have end points in the background, but not signal distributions. They can substantially improve the stop signal significance and mass reach when combined with traditional kinematic variables such as the total missing transverse energy. Among them, our variable
$ M_{{T2}}^W $
hasthebestoverallperformancebecause it uses all available kinematic information, including the on-shell mass of both W’s. We see 20 %-30 % improvement on the discovery significance and estimate that the 8 TeV LHC run with 20 fb−1 of data would be able to reach an exclusion limit of 650-700 GeV for direct stop production, as long as the stop decays dominantly to the top quark and a light stable neutralino. Most of the mass range required for the supersymmetric solution of the naturalness problem in the standard scenario can be covered.
An innovative approach to the treatment of Gaucher disease and possibly other metabolic disorders of the brain
Authors: Brady Roscoe O. , Yang Chunzhang , Zhuang Zhengping 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe extraordinary benefit of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on the systemic manifestations of Gaucher disease was demonstrated in 1991. Since that time, investigators have devoted substantial effort to improve the delivery of enzymes to the brain because many hereditary metabolic disorders are characterized by extensive central nervous system involvement. Because the required supplemental enzyme is too large to cross the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), ERT for central nervous system involvement was out of the question at that time. Several innovative strategies that have been reported to overcome this impediment are discussed. Recent investigations have provided additional insight concerning the pathogenesis of enzyme deficiency disorders. For many years it was presumed that alterations of the amino acid sequence of enzymes such as glucocerebrosidase reduced the catalytic activity of the enzyme. It has recently been shown that the decrease of glucocerebrosidase activity was the result of a quantitative loss of the amount of this enzyme. Significant increases of its activity were obtained with small molecule inhibitors of histone deacetylase that cross the BBB. The effect of such materials on neuronopathic Gaucher disease and other CNS metabolic disorders is discussed.
On the role of vortex stretching in energy optimal growth of three-dimensional perturbations on plane parallel shear flows
Authors: Vitoshkin H. , Heifetz E. , Gelfgat A. Yu. , Harnik N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe three-dimensional linearized optimal energy growth mechanism, in plane parallel shear flows, is re-examined in terms of the role of vortex stretching and the interplay between the spanwise vorticity and the planar divergent components. For high Reynolds numbers the structure of the optimal perturbations in Couette, Poiseuille and mixing-layer shear profiles is robust and resembles localized plane waves in regions where the background shear is large. The waves are tilted with the shear when the spanwise vorticity and the planar divergence fields are in (out of) phase when the background shear is positive (negative). A minimal model is derived to explain how this configuration enables simultaneous growth of the two fields, and how this mutual amplification affects the optimal energy growth. This perspective provides an understanding of the three-dimensional growth solely from the two-dimensional dynamics on the shear plane.