bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Pricing Model for E-commerce Products Based on DDQN
Authors: Sun Junyan , Wang Zihao , Qiao Zheng , Li Xiaopeng 
Published: May 2024

This paper addresses the challenges of intense price competition, price elasticity, and significant demand fluctuations in e-commerce product markets by adopting a dynamic pricing approach. Focusing on a product from the JD.com e-commerce platform, historical data spanning the past three years are analyzed, considering factors such as shipping costs, product inventory, product costs, and the impact of holidays. The study employs the Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN) for dynamic pricing optimization of the product, and compares its performance with the Deep Q-Network (DQN) model. The results indicate that both the DQN algorithm and DDQN algorithm lead to varying degrees of profit improvement for the dynamic pricing of products. Specifically, the pricing profit with the DQN algorithm increased by an average of 1.925% compared with the original pricing profit, while the pricing profit with the DDQN algorithm increased by an average of 11.975% compared with the original pricing profit. These findings demonstrate practical significance.

Received: 6 March 2024 | Revised: 1 April 2024 | Accepted: 28 April 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The data that support this work are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Author Contribution Statement
Junyan Sun: Conceptualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Zihao Wang: Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Zheng Qiao: Data curation, Visualization. Xiaopeng Li: Validation, Resources, Writing – review & editing.
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy versus Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt for Infant Hydrocephalus
Authors: Muhammad Irshad  , Choudhary Ali Manzoor  , Malik Liaqat Ali Jalal  
Published: May 2024

Objective: To compare the outcome of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VP shunt) versus endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) as surgical intervention in management of Infant hydrocephalus.
Methodology: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted at the department of Neurosurgery Nishtar University Hospital between June 2023 and November 2023. Study was conducted on 62 pediatric patients with hydrocephalus, all fewer than two years of age, who underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion through either endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) or ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: ETV or VP shunt. Randomization was done using a computer-generated sequence to ensure unbiased allocation. The ETV group underwent endoscopic surgery to create an opening in the third ventricle to allow CSF to bypass the obstruction. The VP shunt group received a surgically implanted device to divert CSF from the ventricles to the peritoneal cavity.
Results: Infection was higher in Group VP than Group ETV as 5 (16.1%) and 1 (3.2%), respectively, (p=0.086). Similarly, obstruction was higher in Group VP than Group ETV as 11 (35.5%) and 9 (29.0%), respectively, (p=0.587). Whereas, surgery was revised 16 (51.6%) in Group VP and 13 (41.9%) in Group Erate TV, (p=0.445).
Conclusion: This suggests that ETV presents as a favorable alternative to VP shunt placement due to its reduced risk of postoperative complications and quicker operative duration, while still maintaining comparable efficacy in terms of preventing obstruction, and the necessity for revision surgeries.
Secondary ice production – no evidence of efficient rime-splintering mechanism
Authors: Seidel Johanna S. , Kiselev Alexei A. , Keinert Alice , Stratmann Frank , Leisner Thomas , Hartmann Susan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Mixed-phase clouds are essential for Earth’s weather and climate system. Ice multiplication via secondary ice production (SIP) is thought to be responsible for the observed strong increase in ice particle number concentration in mixed-phase clouds. In this study, we focus on the rime splintering also known as the Hallett–Mossop (HM) process, which still lacks physical and quantitative understanding. We report on an experimental study of rime splintering conducted in a newly developed setup under conditions representing convective mixed-phase clouds in the temperature range of −4 to −10 °C. The riming process was observed with high-speed video microscopy and infrared thermography, while potential secondary ice (SI) particles in the super-micron size range were detected by a custom-built ice counter. Contrary to earlier HM experiments, where up to several hundreds of SI particles per milligram of rime were found at −5 °C, we found no evidence of productive SIP, which fundamentally questions the importance of rime splintering. Further, we could exclude two potential mechanisms suggested to be the explanation for rime splintering: the freezing of droplets upon glancing contact with the rimer and the fragmentation of spherically freezing droplets on the rimer surface. The break-off of sublimating fragile rime spires was observed to produce very few SI particles, which is insufficient to explain the large numbers of ice particles reported in earlier studies. In the transition regime between wet and dry growth, in analogy to phenomena of the deformation of drizzle droplets upon freezing, we also observed the formation of spikes on the rimer surface, which might be a source of SIP.
Intercomparison of eddy-covariance software for urban tall-tower sites
Authors: Lan Changxing , Mauder Matthias , Stagakis Stavros , Loubet Benjamin , D'Onofrio Claudio , Metzger Stefan , Durden David , Herig-Coimbra Pedro-Henrique 
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Long-term tall-tower eddy-covariance (EC) measurements have been recently established in three European pilot cities as part of the ICOS-Cities project. We conducted a comparison of EC software to ensure a reliable generation of interoperable flux estimates, which is the prerequisite for avoiding methodological biases and improving the comparability of the results. We analyzed datasets covering 5 months collected from EC tall-tower installations located in urbanized areas of Munich, Zurich, and Paris. Fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, and CO2 were calculated using three software packages (i.e., TK3, EddyPro, and eddy4R) to assess the uncertainty of flux estimations attributed to differences in implemented postprocessing schemes. A very good agreement on the mean values and standard deviations was found across all three sites, which can probably be attributed to a uniform instrumentation, data acquisition, and preprocessing. The overall comparison of final flux time series products showed a good but not yet perfect agreement among the three software packages. TK3 and EddyPro both calculated fluxes with low-frequency spectral correction, resulting in better agreement than between TK3 and the eddy4R workflow with disabled low-frequency spectral treatment. These observed flux discrepancies indicate the crucial role of treating low-frequency spectral loss in flux estimation for tall-tower EC systems.
Extraction, purification, and clumped isotope analysis of methane (Δ13CDH3 and Δ12CD2H2) from sources and the atmosphere
Authors: Sivan Malavika , Röckmann Thomas , van der Veen Carina , Popa Maria Elena 
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Measurements of the clumped isotope anomalies (Δ13CDH3 and Δ12CD2H2) of methane have shown potential for constraining methane sources and sinks. At Utrecht University, we use the Thermo Scientific Ultra high-resolution isotope-ratio mass spectrometer to measure the clumped isotopic composition of methane emitted from various sources and directly from the atmosphere. We have developed an extraction system with three sections for extracting and purifying methane from high (> 1 %), medium (0.1 % to 1 %), and low-concentration (< 0.1 %) samples, including atmospheric air (∼ 2 ppm = 0.0002 %). Depending on the methane concentration, a quantity of sample gas is processed that delivers 3 ± 1 mL of pure methane, which is the quantity typically needed for one clumped isotope measurement. For atmospheric air with a methane mole fraction of 2 ppm, we currently process up to 1100 L of air. The analysis is performed on pure methane, using a dual-inlet setup. The complete measurement time for all isotope signatures is about 20 h for one sample. The mean internal precision values of sample measurements are 0.3 ± 0.1 ‰ for Δ13CDH3 and 2.4 ± 0.8 ‰ for Δ12CD2H2. The long-term reproducibility, obtained from repeated measurements of a constant target gas, over almost 3 years, is around 0.15 ‰ for Δ13CDH3 and 1.2 ‰ for Δ12CD2H2. The measured clumping anomalies are calibrated via the Δ13CDH3 and Δ12CD2H2 values of the reference CH4 used for the dual-inlet measurements. These were determined through isotope equilibration experiments at temperatures between 50 and 450 °C. We describe in detail the optimized sampling, extraction, purification, and measurement technique followed in our laboratory to measure the clumping anomalies of methane precisely and accurately. This paper highlights the extraction and one of the first global measurements of the clumping anomalies of atmospheric methane.
Rotary-wing drone-induced flow – comparison of simulations with lidar measurements
Authors: Jin Liqin , Ghirardelli Mauro , Mann Jakob , Sjöholm Mikael , Kral Stephan Thomas , Reuder Joachim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Ultrasonic anemometers mounted on rotary-wing drones have the potential to provide a cost-efficient alternative to the classical meteorological mast-mounted counterpart for atmospheric boundary layer research. However, the propeller-induced flow may degrade the accuracy of free-stream wind velocity measurements by wind sensors mounted on drones – a fact that needs to be investigated for optimal sensor placement. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are an alternative to experiments for studying characteristics of the propeller-induced flow but require validation. Therefore, we performed an experiment using three short-range continuous-wave Doppler lidars (light detection and ranging; DTU WindScanners) to measure the complex and turbulent three-dimensional wind field around a hovering drone at low ambient wind speeds. Good agreement is found between experimental results and those obtained using CFD simulations under similar conditions. Both methods conclude that the disturbance zone (defined as a relative deviation from the mean free-stream velocity by more than 1 %) on a horizontal plane located at 1 D (rotor diameter D of 0.71 m) below the drone extends about 2.8 D upstream from the drone center for the horizontal wind velocity and more than 7 D for the vertical wind velocity. By comparing wind velocities along horizontal lines in the upstream direction, we find that the velocity difference between the two methods is ≤ 0.1 m s−1 (less than a 4 % difference relative to the free-stream velocity) in most cases. Both the plane and line scan results validate the reliability of the simulations. Furthermore, simulations of flow patterns in a vertical plane at the ambient speed of 1.3 m s−1 indicate that it is difficult to accurately measure the vertical wind component with less than a 1 % distortion using drone-mounted sonic anemometers.
Reanalysis of multi-year high-resolution X-band weather radar observations in Hamburg
Authors: Burgemeister Finn , Clemens Marco , Ament Felix 
Published: May 2024

Abstract. This paper presents an open-access data set of reanalysed radar reflectivities and rainfall rates at sub-kilometre spatial and minute temporal scales. Variability at these scales is a blind spot for both operational rain gauge networks and operational radar networks. In the urban area of Hamburg, precipitation measurements of a single-polarized X-band weather radar operating at high temporal (30 s), range (60 m), and azimuthal sampling (1°) resolutions are made available for a period of more than 8 years. We describe in detail the reanalysis of the raw radar data, outline the radar performance for the years 2013 to 2021, and discuss open issues and limitations of the data set. Several sources of radar-based errors were adjusted gradually, affecting the radar reflectivity and rainfall measurements, e.g. noise, alignment, non-meteorological echoes, radar calibration, and attenuation. The deployment of additional vertically pointing micro rain radars yields drop size distributions at the radar beam height, which effectively reduces errors concerning the radar calibration and attenuation correction and monitors the radar data quality. A statistical evaluation revealed that X-band radar reflectivities and rainfall rates are in very good agreement with the micro rain radar measurements. Moreover, the analyses of rainfall patterns shown for an event and accumulated rainfall of several months prove the quality of the data set. The provided radar reflectivities facilitate studies on attenuation correction and the derivation of further weather radar products, like an improved rainfall rate. The rainfall rates themselves can be used for studies on the spatial and temporal scales of precipitation and hydrological research, e.g. input data for high-resolution modelling, in an urban area. The radar reflectivities and rainfall rates are available at https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/LAWR_UHH_HHG_v2 (Burgemeister et al., 2024).
Analysis of the Role of Pantai Panjang Bengkulu Tourism Objects in Increasing Community Income from an Islamic Economic Perspective
Authors: Setiawan Dharma , Subandrio Subandrio , Mukadar Amir , Rahmanto Bambang 
Published: May 2024

The tourism sector is one of the people's economic potentials that needs to be developed in order to improve community welfare and regional development. Panjang Beach is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Bengkulu. One of the factors is that the Panjang Beach tourist attraction is able to open up employment opportunities for the local community by becoming auxiliary workers and opening micro, small and medium businesses run by the community around the area. So there is management and many regional development programs on the grounds that the Panjang Beach tourist attraction is able to produce economic benefits for the community. This research aims to analyze the role of the Bengkulu Panjang Beach tourist attraction in increasing people's income according to an Islamic economic perspective. The types of research used in this thesis are field research and library research . The methods used to collect data in this research are observation, documentation, interviews and questionnaires. The results of the research can be concluded that the role of the Bengkulu Panjang Beach tourist attraction is able to make a very big contribution as a place that is able to absorb labor as well as providing employment opportunities for the surrounding community in particular and based on data obtained both practically through observation and theory, it can be concluded it is said that the business activities that occur in the Panjang Beach tourist area of Bengkulu and those carried out by the community around the Panjang Beach tourist attraction are in accordance with the Ijarah principles.

Keywords: Tourist Attractions, Long Beach, Income, Islamic Economy
Pengaruh Kekuatan Otot Tungkai dan Flexibilitas Otot Tungkai Kaki terhadap Keterampilan Menggiring Bola Peserta Ekstrakurikuler Futsal SDN Cakung Barat 05
Authors: Humam Khoirul , Rohendi Aep , Hoedaya Danu , Sobarna Akhmad , Rizal Rony Mohamad 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk dan menguji efektifitas model pengaruh kekuatan otot tungkai dan flexibilitas otot tungkai kaki terhadap ketrampilan menggiring bola peserta ekstrakurikuler futsal SDN Cakung Barat 05. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan research and development (R&D) model Borg and Gall. Subyek penelitian adalah atlit futsal usia 10-12 tahun dengan melibatkan sekolah futsal - dengan jumlah subyek 20 orang untuk uji coba kecil, 55 orang untuk uji coba besar dan uji efektifitas sebesar 60 orang yang terdiri dari 30 orang kelompok eksperimen dan 30 orang kelompok kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan dengan angket, wawancara dan observasi dan utuk mengukur power atlit futsal menggunakan Multiple Five Bounds Test (M5B). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) model pengaruh kekuatan otot tungkai dan flexibilitas otot tungkai kaki terhadap ketrampilan menggiring bola peserta ekstrakurikuler futsal SDN Cakung Barat 05berjumlah 100 model latihan dapat diterapkan untuk atlet futsal usia 10-12 tahun, (2) uji efektifitas model pengaruh kekuatan otot tungkai dan flexibilitas otot tungkai kaki terhadap ketrampilan menggiring bola peserta ekstrakurikuler futsal SDN Cakung Barat 05 menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan power otot tungkai atlet futsal usia 10-12 tahun. Hasil uji N-gain Skor kelompok eksperimen diperoleh nilai Mean= 56.618 atau sama dengan 56% termasuk dalam kategori cukup efektif. Sedangkan, Hasil uji N-gain Skor kelompok kontrol diperoleh nilai Mean= 43.325 atau sama dengan 43.325 % termasuk dalam kategori kurang efektif. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa model latihan pliometik tubuh bagian bawah efektif untuk meningkatkan power otot tungkai atlet futsal usia 10-12 tahun.
MENINGKATKAN DISIPLIN ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI PEMBERIAN REWARD
Authors: Madiyanah Ayuk nur , Farihah Himmatul 
Published: May 2024

Hasil Pengamatan awal menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran di TK Dharma wanita Persatuan Siwalan kecamatan Panceng Kabupaten Gresik kurang tertibnya dalam kedisiplinan. Berbagai hal yang menyebabkan hal ini, kurang tertibnya peraturan yang berlaku di lembaga, kurangnya pembiasaan anak sehingga kurangnya kedisiplinan, serta kurangnya dukungan dari orang tua. Dari 16 anak hanya 3 anak yang sudah disiplin beberapa yang lain masih memerlukan bimbingan dari guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pemberian reward dalam meningkatkan kedisiplinan pada anak kelompok B di TK Dharma Wanita Persatuan Siwalan kecamatan Panceng kabupaten Gresik, 2) Menjelaskan hasil peningkatan disiplin anak melalui pemberian reward pada kelompok B di TK Dharma Wanita Persatuan Siwalan kecamatan Panceng kabupaten Gresik. Model Kemmis dan Mc Taggart.yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini Diimplementasikan melalui dua siklus tindakan. kedisiplinan permulaan dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini: 1) Kedatangan anak ke sekolah, 2) Berbaris rapi dan tertib memasuki ruang kelas, 3) Berseragam rapi sesuai atribut sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan pemberian Reward untuk mengupayakan disiplin anak pada siklus pertama meningkat sebesar 18,8% menjadi 37,5%, dan pada siklus kedua meningkat lagi sebesar 37,5% menjadi 81,3%. Dari keseluruhan peningkatan angka sebelum tindakan sampai awal siklus kedua 62,5%.
Near Dry Powder Mixed Electric Discharge Machining of AA7050 Hybrid Composites Utilizing Composite Tool Materials
Authors: JOSE ALOYSIUS Poniface , JEBEEN MOSES Jacob Thambi Evans , VIJUMON Varghese Thaya , FELEX XAVIER MUTHU Muthu Nadar 
Published: May 2024

Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is a prominent technique for producing components with complex geometry and intricate shapes. However, productivity depends on the selection of optimal input variables. This research investigates EDM and Near-Dry EDM (NDEDM) on AA7050 hybrid composites, exploring the impact of tool materials, Al2O3 powder concentration, and dielectric fluids on Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (Ra). NDEDM offers a higher MRR due to localized heating and energy concentration, while hydrocarbon oil EDM provides lower Ra due to cooling and lubrication. Tool material properties, thermal conductivity and bonding strength, affect MRR and TWR. Aluminum composite tools via stir casting display a strong bonding interface, leading to efficient energy transfer and higher MRR, while copper composite tools via friction stir processing exhibit weaker bonding, potentially reducing MRR. Hydrocarbon oil significantly lowers TWR due to effective lubrication and cooling, while near dry EDM results in slightly higher TWR. Al2O3 powder enhances MRR, with an optimal concentration of 1 g/l, while higher concentrations hinder MRR. The presence of Al2O3 powder enhanced the surface quality by reducing the size of the recast layers and producing a smoother surface. Globules, craters, microcracks, pock marks and re-casted layers are the noticeable features spotted on the surface. The results were optimized using the TOPSIS optimization technique and process parameters 32 A current, 30 µs Ton, 3 mm gap distance machined under 3 g/l Al2O3 incorporated hydrocarbon oil dielectric medium using copper composites tool proffers optimal machining performance.
A While’s Worth: ‘Exchanging’ Time in Finland
Authors: Eräsaari Matti 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter five delves deeper into time’s ability to reveal the underlying ethics displayed when time is fitted into equivalence equations. It examines a case involving the Helsinki Timebank – a local exchange network using time as a currency of account – and the Finnish Tax Administration. Both of these, the Timebank and the tax authority, have specific ideas regarding the worth of the “while”, the token currency connoting an hour of banked time. But these ideas are underwritten by incompatible ethical standpoints. Time’s ability to stand for individualised work histories just as well as generalised labour and social relations does not just prove the book’s central claim – that clock time can act as a vehicle for a multitude of values. It also highlights the malleability of time as a vehicle of value, the way in which clock time can be made to agree with a variety of value projects.
Truth, Territory, Terror
Authors: Whyte Jeffrey 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter details how, upon entry into World War II, the United States developed its own programs to wage psychological war. It shows how American psychological warfare heralded itself as an abstract and idealized ‘strategy of truth’ that could rise above the fray of territorial and geopolitical contests. Contrary to this anti-geopolitical framing, this chapter argues that American psychological warfare was in fact a deeply territorial project to advance Allied fronts, pacify the populations behind them, open new markets for US cultural exports, and establish the network of information outposts that would become the United States Information Agency (USIA). In addition, this chapter explores how American psychological warfare became tied and subordinated to strategies of aerial bombing. While on the American home front the ‘strategy of truth’ claimed to be a humane, social-scientific alternative to the violence of war, in the European and Pacific theatres it increasingly became a punitive strategy that provided both rationales and justifications for the bombing of civilian populations.