bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Voltage Discharge Optimization of a Hybrid-Wall Hall Thruster
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Li Hong , Che Xingdong , Wang Shangmin , Mao Wei , Ding Yongjie , Wei Liqiu , Yu Daren 
Published: April 2024

A segmented discharge channel is generally adopted in a hybrid-wall Hall thruster. A metallic wall is situated in the upstream portion of the channel, while a boron nitride ceramic wall is retained in the downstream portion of the channel. This hybrid-wall design avoids the disadvantages of the mechanical properties of boron nitride ceramic. Moreover, the channel can be widened by reducing the thickness of the metallic wall upstream of the channel. In this study, the width and configuration of a discharge channel based on a hybrid-wall Hall thruster are investigated, and a convergent channel configuration is adopted. The experimental results show that the configuration of the channel significantly affects the discharge process, and the ionization and acceleration efficiency of the HEP-100HW are substantially improved using the convergent hybrid channel. The specific impulse and efficiency of the HEP-100HW with the optimal convergent hybrid channel are 210 s/2.5% and 270 s/6% higher than those of the HEP-100HW with a straight hybrid channel and the HEP-100 with a straight-configuration ceramic channel at the discharge voltage of 900 V, respectively. Furthermore, from experiments and supporting simulations, it was found that the convergent hybrid-wall design resulted in an increase in the number of ions created further upstream in the channel compared to a conventional design. This led to more efficient acceleration and ejection of the ions out of the channel, resulting in the observed performance improvement. The results from this study provide valuable guidance for the design of high-power and high-voltage Hall thrusters.
Boosting Treatment Outcomes via the Patient-Practitioner Relationship, Treatment Beliefs, or Therapeutic Setting. A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis of Contextual Effects in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Saueressig Tobias , Owen Patrick J. , Pedder Hugo , Arora Nitin Kumar , Simons Marieke , Kaczorowski Svenja , Miller Clint T. , Donath Lars , Belavy Daniel L. 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether manipulating contextual effects (eg, interaction with patients, or beliefs about treatments) boosted the outcomes of nonpharmacological and nonsurgical treatments for chronic primary musculoskeletal pain. DESIGN: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials DATA SOURCES: We searched for trials in 6 databases, citation tracking, and clinical trials registers. We included trials that compared treatments with enhanced contextual effects with the same treatments without enhancement in adults with chronic primary musculoskeletal pain. DATA SYNTHESIS: The outcomes of interest were pain intensity, physical functioning, global ratings of improvement, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and sleep. We evaluated risk of bias and certainty of the evidence using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.0 and the GRADE approach, respectively. RESULTS: Of 17 637 records, we included 10 trials with 990 participants and identified 5 ongoing trials. The treatments were acupuncture, education, exercise training, and physical therapy. The contextual effects that were improved in the enhanced treatments were patient-practitioner relationship, patient beliefs and characteristics, therapeutic setting/environment, and treatment characteristics. Our analysis showed that improving contextual effects in nonpharmacological and nonsurgical treatments may not make much difference on pain intensity (mean difference [MD], −1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −8.71, 5.16; k = 7 trials; N = 719 participants; Scale: 0-100; GRADE: Low) or physical functioning (MD, −0.27; 95% CI: −1.02, 0.49; 95% prediction interval [PI]: −2.04, 1.51; k = 6; N = 567; Scale: 0-10; GRADE: Low) in the short term and at later follow-ups. Sensitivity analyses revealed similar findings. CONCLUSION: While evidence gaps exist, per current evidence, it may not be possible to achieve meaningful benefit for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain by manipulating the context of nonpharmacological and nonsurgical treatments. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(7):440-456. Epub 30 April 2024 doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12259
Building associative rules for a database with a target parameter
Authors: Биллиг Владимир Арнольдович 
Published: April 2024

Предлагается новый эффективный алгоритм GoalApriori, позволяющий строить ассоциативные правила для частного, но важного случая, когда исходная реляционная база данных имеет целевой параметр. Классическим примером таких баз данных являются медицинские базы данных, где в роли целевого параметра выступает диагноз, устанавливаемый врачами. Без потери общности можно считать, что целевой параметр является параметром дискретного типа с фиксированным множеством значений. Алгоритм строит ассоциативные правила, заключением которых является конкретное значение целевого параметра. Посылка правил задает набор свойств входных параметров базы данных. Исходная база данных приводится к специальному формату, в котором запись приведенной базы данных задается одним целым числом независимо от размера записи исходной базы данных. Помимо экономии памяти, такой формат позволяет полностью сохранять информацию о параметрах, представляющих исходную запись. Более важно то, что вычислительно сложные операции над записями, требуемые при вычислении характеристик правил, в этом формате выполняются практически мгновенно парой логических операций над целыми числами. Рассматриваются задачи и свойства алгоритма. Доказывается ряд утверждений относительно свойств алгоритма. Вводится понятие обобщенного критерия качества правил, что позволяет проводить ранжирование правил.
A new efficient algorithm GoalApriori is proposed, which allows you to build associative rules for a special but important case when the original relational database has a target parameter. A classic example of such databases is medical databases, where the diagnosis made by doctors acts as a target parameter. Without loss of generality, we can assume that the target parameter is a discrete type parameter with a fixed set of values. The algorithm builds associative rules, the conclusion of which is the specific value of the target parameter. Premise of rules represents a set of properties of the database input parameters. The source database is reduced to a special format in which the resulting database record is specified as a single integer, regardless of the size of the source database record. In addition to saving memory, this format allows you to fully preserve information about the parameters representing the original record. More importantly, the computationally complex operations on records required to calculate the characteristics of rules are performed in this format almost instantly by a pair of logical operations on integers. The tasks and properties of the algorithm are considered. A number of statements regarding the properties of the algorithm are proved. The concept of a generalized criterion for the quality of rules is introduced, which allows for the ranking of rules.
Pharmacogenomic Predictors of Antibiotic-Associated Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Critically Ill Children: Observational Study Results
Authors: Vlasova A. V. , Shubina Yu. F. , Gaziev I. R. , Sychev D. A. 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION. The pathogenesis of antibiotic-associated drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in children has not been fully elucidated to date. Certain genotypes in patients increase the probability of developing DILI. Therefore, the identification of pharmacogenetic markers associated with DILI in children is essential.АIM. This study aimed to identify pharmacogenetic biomarkers of new-onset DILI associated with tigecycline and meropenem in children.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This prospective observational study was conducted in the Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital from 1 February 2020 to 1 September 2021. The study analysed the incidence and types of antibiotic-associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in 100 critically ill children aged 0 to 17 years (44 boys and 56 girls). Pharmacogenetic testing was performed in children with ADRs (n=30) to identify potential mechanisms involved in the development of their ADRs. The authors isolated and tested DNA from buccal epithelium swabs using the Agena Bioscience iPLEX® PGx Pro-based VeriDose® Core Panel covering 68 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or short insertions and deletions (INDELs) and 5 copy number variants (CNVs).RESULTS. The odds of developing DILI associated with meropenem and tigecycline were higher in carriers of the homozygous cytochrome genotype CYP3A5*3/*3 (OR: 12.6; 95% CI: 1.9–79.4, r=6.54, p=0.011) than in patients with the heterozygous genotype CYP3A5*1A/*3. The odds were even higher in patients not carrying the CYP3A5*1A/*3 genotype (OR: 17.14; 95% CI: 1.79–16.3, r=6.24, p=0.013). The detection of the CYP3A5*3/*3 ge­notype had a prognostic accuracy of 76.7%, a sensitivity of 82%, and a specificity of 74% in predicting the risk of DILI associated with meropenem and tigecycline. Moreover, children with DILI carried the heterozygous ge­notype SLCO1B1*1/*5 (rs4149056 polymorphism) more often than children with other adverse reactions ­associated with meropenem and tigecycline (r=9.8, p=0.002).CONCLUSION. The results of this study prove the prognostic significance of the homozygous cytochrome genotype CYP3A*3/*3 as an indicator of a potential risk for developing DILI associated with meropenem and tigecycline in children in critical conditions.The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under No. NCT04141657 on 24 October 2019.
(Re)examining the Canadian Health Care System through an Equity Lens
Authors: Quesnel-Vallée Amélie , Arpin Emmanuelle 
Published: April 2024

Puisque 2024 marque autant le 50e anniversaire d’ Analyse de politiques que le 40e anniversaire de l'une des lois les plus marquantes du Canada, la Loi canadienne sur la santé, le moment est opportun pour faire le bilan de l'héritage légué par cette dernière dans le système de santé canadien actuel, en ce qui concerne l’équité. Après un examen des concepts d’équité verticale et horizontale, nous montrons que, même si la Loi canadienne sur la santé a, en pratique, fait en sorte qu'il n'y a pas de frais à payer pour des services médicaux et hospitaliers médicalement nécessaires, des données probantes montrent la présence continue d'un impact des revenus sur la mortalité. Nous passons aussi en revue les éléments de preuve de l'impact du revenu sur les montants déboursés par les personnes en ce qui concerne les frais médicaux non couverts par le système de santé publique. Dans chaque cas, nous suggérons que les questions intersectionnelles touchant les facteurs reliés au revenu (ruralité, genre, âge et race) pourraient être importantes. Même si l'article ne prétend pas être une évaluation systématique, mais constitue plutôt un survol évocateur de l’équité dans le système de santé canadien qui pourrait motiver les programmes de recherche à l'avenir, nous proposons de nouvelles façons d'enquêter et de réfléchir. Il s'agirait notamment d'intégrer des principes d’équité dans les processus liés aux politiques, d’élargir la notion d'accessibilité au-delà des obstacles découlant du revenu et d'améliorer la gamme de services couverts en renforçant les principes de justice et d'universalité. Note des rédacteurs : Le premier volume de Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de politiques a été publié en 1975. À l’occasion du cinquantième volume, les auteurs ont accepté de rédiger un article pour ce numéro spécial.
Military suicide prevention: Do families matter?
Authors: DuBois Denise , Leroux Janette , George Sinead , Khokhar Fezan , Cramm Heidi 
Published: April 2024

LAY SUMMARY Preventing suicide in military communities is a priority for many countries. Families are important to understanding and addressing many health issues; a budding area of research is beginning to consider how families matter to suicide among military communities. Here, the authors describe findings from their own research projects, along with other research, and show how the needs and experiences of military and Veteran families need to be considered in suicide prevention.
Who am I? A qualitative exploration of the identities of spouses/partners of UK Armed Forces Veterans
Authors: Spikol Eric , McGlinchey Emily , Fear Nicola T. , Armour Cherie , Gribble Rachael 
Published: April 2024

LAY SUMMARY Military life can negatively affect partner health/well-being and their sense of identity during and after service. To date, most research has focused on the identities of personnel post-transition, with little examining partner identities. Using interviews with 37 current and former partners (31 female, 6 male) from the UK Veterans Family Study, the identities of Veteran partners were explored. Participants discussed military identity and culture, role-based identities, and loss of personal identity. Identities could be taken on or given to partners from within the military community and were often underpinned by military life and culture during and after service. Long-term impacts on self-esteem and confidence were reported, as were pride and resilience. Employment post-transition allowed restoration of personal identity but was sometimes at the cost of the community provided by being in the armed forces. Findings show the difficulties some Veteran partners experienced in maintaining personal identity during and after a Veteran’s service. Future research should concentrate on short- and long-term effects of identity loss/change among military and Veteran partners to inform and improve current and future strategies supporting families.
Paternal PTSD or depression, adolescent mental health, and family functioning: A study of UK military families
Authors: Wickersham Alice , Leightley Daniel , Baig Benjamin , Chesnokov Melanie , Stein Alan , Ramchandani Paul , Downs Johnny , Parnell Nathan , Rye Kristy , Verey Anna , Fear Nicola T. 
Published: April 2024

LAY SUMMARY Limited research has explored the relationships between paternal mental health, adolescent offspring mental health, and family functioning in United Kingdom military populations. The authors investigated this in a study of 105 serving and ex-serving members of the United Kingdom Armed Forces, with adolescent offspring ages 11 to 17 years. It was found military fathers with symptoms of PTSD or depression had more family difficulties, particularly around communication. Their adolescent offspring were also more likely to meet criteria for mental health disorders. These findings demonstrate the importance of supporting military fathers and their families with mental health and well-being.
Malaria and Malignancies- A review
Authors: Sugathan Adarsh , Rao Shamathmika , Arun Kumar Nayanatara , Chatterjee Pratik 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Malaria, a parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium sp. is a substantial threat to global health. In recent years, the association of malignancies and malaria has been an interesting field of research. To date, Burkitt's lymphoma has shown a close association with Malaria in the sub-Saharan nations. The latest research targets the current anti-malarial medicines as a promising approach towards novel anti-cancer therapies. The complicated relationship between malaria, genetics, immune response, and cancer might help in exploring various pharmacological approaches that might help in the therapeutic approach to malaria and cancer. Further, in-depth in-vivo and in-vitro studies are needed to establish the link between malaria infection and cancer progression.
Aims and Objectives: This review aims to explore the key associations of malaria and various malignancies and the possible anti-cancer effects of anti-malarial drugs.
Materials and Methods: A critical review of 53 articles from 1987 to 2023 was conducted.
Conclusion:
• Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma shows a synergy with malaria, but more studies are needed to explore, for correlating the possible associations of malaria with other malignancies.
• Non-hematological malignancies were shown not to have a strong correlation with malaria.
• Anti-malarial drugs displaying anti-cancer properties could be a promising adjunct to current routine cancer treatment
Longitudinal brain volumetrics in glioma survivors
Authors: McDonald Andrew M. , Murdaugh Donna L. , Heinzman Katherine A. , Cardan Rex A. , Jacob Jessica , Fiveash John B. , Nabors L. Burt , Cooper Courtney A. , Hoyle John M. , Milner Desmin , Cardenas Carlos E. 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE
Radiation therapy (RT) is used selectively for patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) given the concerns for potential cognitive effects in survivors, but prior cognitive outcome studies among LGG survivors have had inconsistent findings. Translational studies that characterize changes in brain anatomy and physiology after treatment of LGG may help to both contextualize cognitive findings and improve the overall understanding of radiation effects in normal brain tissue. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that patients with LGG who are treated with RT will experience greater brain volume loss than those who do not receive RT.

METHODS
This retrospective longitudinal study included all patients with WHO grade 2 glioma who received posttreatment surveillance MRI at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Volumetric analysis of contralateral cortical white matter (WM), cortical gray matter (GM), and hippocampus was performed on all posttreatment T1-weighted MRI sequences using the SynthSeg script. The effect of clinical and treatment variables on brain volumes was assessed using two-level hierarchical linear models.

RESULTS
The final study cohort consisted of 105 patients with 1974 time points analyzed. The median length of imaging follow-up was 4.6 years (range 0.36–18.9 years), and the median number of time points analyzed per patient was 12 (range 2–40). Resection was performed in 79 (75.2%) patients, RT was administered to 61 (58.1%) patients, and chemotherapy was administered to 66 (62.9%) patients. Age at diagnosis (β = −0.06, p < 0.001) and use of RT (β = −1.12, p = 0.002) were associated with the slope of the contralateral cortical GM volume model (i.e., change in GM over time). Age at diagnosis (β = −0.08, p < 0.001), midline involvement (β = 1.31, p = 0.006), and use of RT (β = −1.45, p = 0.001) were associated with slope of the contralateral cortical WM volume model. Age (β = −0.0027, p = 0.001), tumor resection (β = −0.069, p < 0.001), use of chemotherapy (β = −0.0597, p = 0.003), and use of RT (β = −0.0589, p < 0.001) were associated with the slope of the contralateral hippocampus volume model.

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated volume loss in contralateral brain structures among LGG survivors, and patients who received RT experienced greater volume loss than those who did not. The results of this study may help to provide context for cognitive outcome research in LGG survivors and inform the design of future strategies to preserve cognition.
Opiate-reduction protocol for common outpatient spinal procedures: a long-term feasibility study and single-center experience
Authors: Eley Nicholas , Bansal Aiyush , Alostaz Murad , Kumar Rakesh , Leveque Jean-Christophe , Louie Philip K. 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE
The opioid epidemic continues to be at the forefront of public health. As a response to this crisis, many statewide and national medical groups have sought to develop opioid-prescribing guidelines for both acute and chronic pain states. Given the lack of evidence in the neurosurgical landscape, the authors’ institution implemented opioid-prescribing guidelines for common outpatient spinal procedures in 2017, subsequently demonstrating a significant reduction in the narcotics prescribed. However, the ability to maintain the results garnered from such guidelines long term has not been described. The objective of this study was to evaluate postoperative opioid utilization at a high-volume quaternary referral center 5 years after the initial implementation of an opioid-reduction protocol for common outpatient spinal procedures.

METHODS
From the electronic medical records, authors collected data on the number of tablets and total morphine equivalent dose (MED) prescribed, acute postoperative readmissions for pain concerns, refill requests, and conversion to long-term opiate use in the 5 years following implementation of an opioid-reduction protocol for common outpatient spinal procedures. These procedures, undertaken in opiate-naive patients, included 1- or 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, 1- or 2-level cervical disc replacement, and 1- or 2-level laminectomy, laminotomy, or foraminotomy (cervical or lumbar).

RESULTS
The total quantity of narcotics was reduced by 37.0 tablets per patient after protocol implementation and over the 5-year period thereafter. Generally, patients were discharged with an average of 23.3 tablets, concurrent with the initial goal of 24 tablets, set forth in 2017. These results confirm an ongoing reduction in opiate quantities prescribed and overall morphine equivalent totals at the time of discharge over the course of 5 years after initial protocol implementation.

CONCLUSIONS
A standardized discharge protocol for postoperative outpatient spinal procedures can lead to long-term reductions in opioid discharge quantity, without compromising patient safety or increasing the utilization of hospital resources through readmissions, refill requests, or clinic phone calls. This study provides an example of a feasible and effective discharge prescription regimen that may be generalizable to common outpatient neurosurgical procedures with long-term evidence that a small intervention can lead to ongoing reduced quantities of postoperative opioids at the time of discharge.
Development of an in vitro ventricular shunt material testing model and utility of PEG as antifouling coating
Authors: Prindeze Nicholas J. , Szeto Stephen G. , Glaser Neta , Brown Cyan B. , Azagury Dan E. , Maher Cormac O. 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE
CSF shunts, most commonly the ventriculoperitoneal shunt, remain a first and last line of management for children and adults with hydrocephalus. However, the failure rates of these shunts are extremely high, leaving many patients with the need for revision surgical procedures. The objective of this study was to develop a model to assess the efficacy of a nonfouling ventricular catheter. A second objective was to test polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an antifouling coating.

METHODS
Microglial cells were grown on medical-grade catheter silicone with biofouling simulated by collagen incubation over a range of concentrations from 31 to 103 µg/ml and durations from 2 to 18 hours. After ideal fouling conditions were identified, catheter silicone was then coated with PEG as an antifouling surface, and cell growth on this surface was compared to that on uncoated standard catheter silicone.

RESULTS
Collagen biofouling increased cell growth on silicone surfaces with an ideal concentration of 69 µg/ml and incubation of 6 hours. PEG coating of silicone catheter material yielded 70-fold lower cell growth (p < 0.0001), whereas collagen-fouled PEG-coated silicone yielded 157-fold lower cell growth (p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Catheter coating significantly reduced cell growth, particularly in the setting of biofouling. The application of antifouling surfaces to ventricular shunts shows considerable promise for improving efficacy.