bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KMUP‐3 attenuates ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction through eNOS enhancement and restoration of MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 balance
Authors: Liu Chung‐Pin , Yeh Jwu‐Lai , Wu Bin‐Nan , Chai Chee‐Yin , Chen Ing‐Jun , Lai Wen‐Ter 
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previously, 7‐[2‐[4‐(4‐nitrobenzene)piperazinyl]ethyl]‐1, 3‐dimethylxanthine (KMUP‐3) has been shown to induce aortic smooth muscle relaxation through KATP channel opening and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enhancement. We further investigated whether KMUP‐3 protects against myocardial remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI), and whether KMUP‐3 increases the expression of eNOS in MI rats.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups: MI (n= 10), MI + KMUP‐3 group (n= 10) and sham group (n= 10). MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. After recovery, the MI + KMUP‐3 group received KMUP‐3 (0.3 mg·kg−1·day−1) infusion for 4 weeks, while the MI and sham group received vehicle only. To further confirm that the effect of KMUP‐3 is dependent on eNOS, KMUP‐3 was applied in the culture of transforming growth factor‐β‐stimulated human cardiac fibroblasts.KEY RESULTS KMUP‐3 treatment attenuated cardiac hypertrophy post‐MI and improved cardiac function. The fibrotic area was reduced by KMUP‐3 both in central‐, peri‐ and non‐infarction areas. KMUP‐3 enhanced the expression of eNOS and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1), but reduced matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) expression. In vitro, the activities of KMUP‐3 were blocked by pretreatment with the eNOS inhibitor Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The KATP channel opener KMUP‐3 preserved cardiac function after MI by enhancing the expression of eNOS. In addition, KMUP‐3 restored the myocardial MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 balance and attenuated ventricular remodelling by an eNOS‐dependent mechanism.
Biochemical characterization of a strictly specific beta‐galactosidase from the digestive juice of the palm weevil Rhynchophorus palmarum larvae
Authors: YAPI Désiré Y. A. , NIAMKE Sebastien L. , KOUAME Lucien P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA beta‐galactosidase from the digestive juice of the palm weevil Rhynchophorus palmarum L. larvae was purified by chromatography on ion exchange, gel filtration, and hydrophobic interaction columns. The preparation was shown to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel. Beta‐galactosidase was a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of 62 kDa based on its mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 60 kDa based on gel filtration. Maximal enzyme activity occurred at 55°C and pH 5.0. The purified beta‐galactosidase was stable at 37°C and its pH stability was in the range of 4.6–6.0. Beta‐galactosidase was highly specific for the beta‐d‐galactosyl residue and beta‐(1‐4) linkage. The catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) values for p‐nitrophenyl‐beta‐d‐galactopyranoside, beta‐d‐galactosyl(1‐4)‐d‐glucose (lactose), beta‐d‐galactosyl(1‐4)‐d‐galactose and beta‐d‐galactosyl(1‐4)‐beta‐d‐galactosyl(1‐4)‐d‐glucose were, respectively, 72.95, 10.97, 20.74 and 12.73. 5,5‐Dithio‐bis(2‐nitrobenzoate) and sodium dodecyl sulfate inhibited completely the beta‐galactosidase activity. The enzyme was capable of catalyzing transgalactosylation reactions. The yield of galactosylation of 2‐phenylethanol (43%), catalyzed by the beta‐galactosidase in the presence of lactose as galactosyl donor, is higher than those reported previously with conventional sources of beta‐galactosidases. In addition, the optimum pH is different for the hydrolysis (pH 5.0) and transgalactosylation reactions (pH 6.0).
Impact of artificial photoperiodism on the colony development of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris
Authors: AMIN Md Ruhul , SUH Sang Jae , KWON Yong Jung 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of the photoperiodic regimes 0 h light : 24 h dark (LD 0:24), LD 8:16, LD 16:8 and LD 24:0 at 28°C and 50% Relative Humidity (RH) on the colony development of hibernated (2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0 months) bumblebee queens. The queens which had hibernated for 3.0 months and which were reared in a LD 8:16 photoperiod showed the highest rate of colony initiation (88.2%), colony foundation (67.6%) and progeny queen production (38.2%). The photoperiod LD 8:16 also produced the shortest period of colony initiation and colony foundation. The highest number of sexual males (171.2 ± 12.2) and queens (91.2 ± 9.9) were produced in the colonies when 3.5 and 3.0 month hibernated queens were kept in an LD 8:16 photoperiod. The results show that light regime and hibernation duration affect colony characteristics of Bombus terrestris.
Systematic position ofPyloetis mimosae(Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), with redescriptions of the adults and immature stages
Authors: MIYAMOTO Yasuyuki , HUANG Guo‐Hua , HIROWATARI Toshiya 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMorphological characters of adults and immature stages ofPyloetis mimosae(Stainton 1859) are redescribed mainly on the basis of material collected from seed pods ofLeucaena leucocephala(Lem.) in the Ryukyus, Japan. Although the systematic position of this species in the family Tineidae has been problematic, we conclude that it should be placed in the subfamily Erechthiinae based on morphological characters.Pyloetis mimosaeis newly recorded from Japan.
Systematic and morphological studies of the genus Chaetopleurophora Schmitz (Diptera: Phoridae) occurring in Japan
Authors: NAKAYAMA Hiroto 
Published: September 2010

AbstractJapanese species of the genus Chaetopleurophora are reviewed. All belong to the C. erythronota group. The following three species from Japan are described: C. rhomboidea sp. nov., C. pygidialis Schmitz and C. dividua sp. nov. The male and female genitalia are studied and further examples of unique characters of the genus including asymmetric features are added. The male aedeagus of the genus is illustrated for the first time. The aedeagus of the species treated in this study consists of only two components, the inner core plate and the outer jacket plate. The jacket plate wraps sinistrally around the core plate. The combination of the core plate and the jacket plate forms complex, asymmetric features of the aedeagus in the Phoridae. The structure around the genital opening in the female genitalia protrudes posteriorly under the segment IX + X, and shows asymmetric features in C. rhomboidea sp. nov. with a bilaterally different degree of sclerotization, shifted genital opening to the right side and a membranous ribbon just on the left side. In addition, C. dividua sp. nov. is different from most of the species in the C. erythronota group, and very closely related to C. multiseriata (known in North America) in the male and female genitalia, wing venation and bristle formation on the scutellum. It is suggested that C. dividua sp. nov. forms a monophyletic group with C. multiseriata and the related species.
Host range expansion by Rhopalomyia yomogicola (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from a native to an alien species of Artemisia (Asteraceae) in Japan
Authors: NOHARA Machiko , GANAHA Tomoko , UECHI Nami , SATO Shinsuke , YUKAWA Junichi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn 2001, subconical galls were found on the leaves of an alien Artemisia species (Asteraceae) in Ibusuki City, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. These galls were quite similar to those induced by Rhopalomyia yomogicola (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Artemisia princeps, Artemisia montana, and Artemisia japonica in Japan. The morphological features of the pupal head and molecular sequencing data indicated that the gall midge from the alien Artemisia was identical to R. yomogicola. Usually, galling insects do not expand readily their host range to alien plants, but R. yomogicola is considered to have expanded its host range to the alien Artemisia by its multivoltine life history trait and oligophagous habit across two different botanical sections of the genus Artemisia. Adult abdominal tergites and sternites and immature stages of R. yomogicola are described for the first time and detailed biological information is presented.
Helicobacter pylori Infection may be Implicated in the Topography and Geographic Variation of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers in the Taihang Mountain High‐Risk Region in Northern China
Authors: Wen Denggui , Zhang Nan , Shan Baoen , Wang Shijie 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgrounds:  Helicobacter pylori infection is prevalent in China. Chronic infection of the bacterial not only causes distal stomach cancer, but also confers risk to gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Because H. pylori infection is inversely associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma, globally the infection rate is significantly correlated with the ratio of squamous carcinoma to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. These agree with the topography of upper gastrointestinal cancer observed in the Taihang Mountain high‐risk region where both gastric cardia and non‐cardia adenocarcinoma coincide with esophageal squamous cancer, but with almost no distal esophageal adenocarcinoma. Moreover, as altitude increases from plain to mountains, we observed progressively increasing incidence rates of gastric adenocarcinomas in recent years in the region. Because H. pylori infection is a definite carcinogen to gastric adenocarcinoma and is more prevalent in the mountain than in plain areas due to undeveloped living conditions, the observation gives the impression as though H. pylori infection is implicated.Aims:  This article aims to note the role of H. pylori infection in upper gastrointestinal cancer in the Taihang Mountain high‐risk region in northern China.Materials and Methods:  First the unique topography and geographic variation of upper gastrointestinal cancer in the region is described to indicate a possible role of H. pylori infection, then we review studies on prevalence of H. pylori infection in the high‐risk region and describe difference in socioeconomic development and water hygiene between the plains and the mountains as related to the prevalence of H. pylori infection.Results:  Coincidence of gastric cancer in the region and a progressively increasing rate of the cancer from the plain towards the mountains indicate H. pylori infection may be implicated in upper gastrointestinal cancer.Conclusion:  International collaboration is needed to study H. pylori and upper gastrointestinal cancer in the region when rapid industrialization is just beginning.
Factors Affecting Fecal Coliform Concentrations in Water and in Sediment at Various Geographical Locations on Georgian Bay, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Seyfried Patricia L. , Choi Bernard C.K. , Zhou Rosa H. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThis study surveyed 10 different geographical locations on Georgian Bay, Ontario, Canada, and compared the levels of water quality indicators throughout an 11‐week period in the summer of 1994. Of the four indicator microorganisms studied (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), fecal coliforms/E. coli appeared to be the most sensitive to changes in the surrounding environment. Fecal coliforms and E. coli were deemed to be good indicators of the relationship between human health and ecosystem health. A number of environmental variables were found to affect fecal coliform/E. coli concentrations in water and in sediment, including location, objective measure of fetch values (indicating the amount of water exchange), wind velocity, wave action, percentage of organic carbon in sediment (which is related to fetch), and boat number (again related to fetch). No effect on the indicator microorganism concentration was observed for week number, number of swimmers, number of cottages, water temperature, and rainfall.
Childhood Epileptic Encephalopathy with Diffuse Slow Spike‐Waves (otherwise known as “Petit Mal Variant”) or Lennox Syndrome
Authors: GASTAUT H. , ROGER J. , SOULAYROL R. , TASSINARI C. A. , RÉGIS H. , DRAVET C. , BERNARD R. , PINSARD N. , SAINT‐JEAN M. 
Published: September 2010

RÉSUMÉLes auteurs fournissent la description d'une variété très grave d‘épilepsie de l'enfant qui est rebelle à la thérapeutique et qui se caractérise par la triade symptomatique suivante: (1) crises épileptiques généralisées fréquentes, le plus souvent à type de crises toniques ou d'absences variantes de petit mal; (2) déficit intellectuel souvent grave; (3) décharges électroencéphalographiques intercritiques de pointes‐ondes lentes diffuses répétées de façon pseudo‐rythmique à 1.5–2.5 c/s. Un pareil tableau diffère peu de celui fourni par Lennox et col. il y a une quinzaine d'années. La contribution personnelle des auteurs se limite donc à préciser certaines données séméiologiques, cliniques aussi bien qu’électroencéphalographiques, et à fournir des considérations d'ordre diagnostique, étiologique, thérapeutique et physiopathogénique à propos de cette affection qu'ils proposent d'appeler: “Encéphalopathie épileptique de l'enfant avec pointes‐ondes lentes diffuses” ou “Syndrome de Lennox”.
A Multifactorial Approach to Understanding Fall Risk in Older People
Authors: Delbaere Kim , Close Jacqueline C.T. , Heim Jörg , Sachdev Perminder S. , Brodaty Henry , Slavin Melissa J. , Kochan Nicole A. , Lord Stephen R. 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE: To identify the interrelationships and discriminatory value of a broad range of objectively measured explanatory risk factors for falls.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with 12‐month follow‐up period.SETTING: Community sample.PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred community‐dwelling people aged 70 to 90.MEASUREMENTS: All participants underwent assessments on medical, disability, physical, cognitive, and psychological measures. Fallers were defined as people who had at least one injurious fall or at least two noninjurious falls during a 12‐month follow‐up period.RESULTS: Univariate regression analyses identified the following fall risk factors: disability, poor performance on physical tests, depressive symptoms, poor executive function, concern about falling, and previous falls. Classification and regression tree analysis revealed that balance‐related impairments were critical predictors of falls. In those with good balance, disability and exercise levels influenced future fall risk—people in the lowest and the highest exercise tertiles were at greater risk. In those with impaired balance, different risk factors predicted greater fall risk—poor executive function, poor dynamic balance, and low exercise levels. Absolute risks for falls ranged from 11% in those with no risk factors to 54% in the highest‐risk group.CONCLUSIONS: A classification and regression tree approach highlighted interrelationships and discriminatory value of important explanatory fall risk factors. The information may prove useful in clinical settings to assist in tailoring interventions to maximize the potential benefit of falls prevention strategies.
Dehydroepiandrosterone Combined with Exercise Improves Muscle Strength and Physical Function in Frail Older Women
Authors: Kenny Anne M. , Boxer Rebecca S. , Kleppinger Alison , Brindisi Jennifer , Feinn Richard , Burleson Joseph A. 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) combined with exercise on bone mass, strength, and physical function in older, frail women.DESIGN: Double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial.SETTING: A major medical institution.PARTICIPANTS: Ninety‐nine women (mean age 76.6 ± 6.0) with low sulfated DHEA (DHEAS) levels, low bone mass, and frailty.INTERVENTION: Participants received 50 mg/d DHEA or placebo for 6 months; all received calcium and cholecalciferol. Women participated in 90‐minute twice‐weekly exercise regimens.MEASUREMENTS: Hormone levels, bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers, body composition, upper and lower extremity strength, physical performance.RESULTS: Eighty‐seven women (88%) completed 6 months. There were no significant changes in BMD or bone turnover markers. DHEA supplementation resulted in gains in lower extremity strength (from 459 ± 121 N to 484 ± 147 N; P=.01). There was also improvement in Short Physical Performance Battery score, a composite score that focuses on lower extremity function, in those taking DHEA (from 10.1 ± 1.8 to 10.7 ± 1.9; P=.02). There were significant changes in all hormone levels, including DHEAS, estradiol, estrone, and testosterone, and a decline in sex hormone‐binding globulin levels in those taking DHEA.CONCLUSION: DHEA supplementation improved lower extremity strength and function in older, frail women involved in a gentle exercise program of chair aerobics or yoga. No changes were found in BMD either due to small sample size, short duration of study or no effect. The physical function findings are promising and require further evaluation as frail women are at high risk for falls and fracture.
Levetiracetam Efficacy in Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy: Long Suspected and Now Confirmed in Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Abou-Khalil Bassel W. 
Published: September 2010

Placebo-Controlled Study of Levetiracetam in Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy. Berkovic SF, Knowlton RC, Leroy RF, Schiemann J, Falter U; On behalf of the Levetiracetam N01057 Study Group. Neurology. 2007;68 [Epub ahead of print]. Objective To assess the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive levetiracetam in patients with uncontrolled generalized tonicclonic (GTC) seizures associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE). Methods This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study enrolled adults and children (4 to 65 years) with IGE experiencing 3 GTC seizures during the 8-week baseline period (4-week retrospective and 4-week prospective), despite receiving stable doses of one or two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Patients were randomized to levetiracetam (target dose 3,000 mg/day for adults; 60 mg/kg/day for children) or placebo and a 4-week titration period was followed by a 20-week evaluation period. Results Of 229 patients screened, 164 were randomized (levetiracetam, n = 80; placebo, n = 84). Levetiracetam produced a greater mean reduction in GTC seizure frequency per week over the treatment period (56.5%) than placebo (28.2%; p = 0.004). The percentage of patients who had 50% reduction of GTC seizure frequency per week (responders) during the treatment period was 72.2% for levetiracetam and 45.2% for placebo ( p < 0.001; OR 3.28; 95% CI 1.68 to 6.38). During the first 2-week treatment 64.6% of patients on levetiracetam and 45.2% on placebo ( p = 0.018) were classified as responders. During the evaluation period the percent of patients free of GTC seizures (34.2% vs 10.7%; p < 0.001) and all seizure types (24.1% vs 8.3%; p = 0.009) was greater for levetiracetam than placebo. Levetiracetam was well tolerated with 1.3% of patients discontinuing therapy due to adverse events vs 4.8% on placebo. Conclusion Adjunctive levetiracetam is an effective and well-tolerated antiepileptic drug for treating generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies.
Some New Methods of Topologic Classification of Channel Networks
Authors: Werner C. , Smart J. S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSome new methods for the topologic classification of channel networks are proposed. These methods are all based on the concept of topologic path length, or number of links from the network outlet to a junction or source. Two parameters, the total path length (sum of all path lengths) and the diameter (largest path length) are shown to be useful in network analysis. Some advantages of these parameters are that they are easy to measure, have straightforward topologic interpretations, and are closely related to important geometric measures. Moreover, they are capable of explaining various empirical geomorphic “laws,” such as the 0.6 power relation between mainstream length and area.
A Model to Relate the Size of the Central Business District to the Population of a City
Authors: Briggs Ronald 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA set of dynamic models of CBD growth are developed. They hypothesize that growth rates depend upon the population growth rate together with the increasing unwillingness of people to travel to the city center as city size increases. A prediction of the model is that absolute decreases in CBD size can occur associated simply with population growth rather than technological change as is usually postulated. The models are tested using retail sales data for the United States. Good predictions are generally found, especially when the unique CBD of New York City is removed from the data set. However, the model which has the greatest theoretical validity relative to central place theory does not have the best fit to the data. Implications of this are discussed, along with those of utilizing transformations in regression models.
Constructing Abstract Worlds of the Past
Authors: Norton William 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA principal research need in historical geography is the creation of abstract worlds of the past. This study of agricultural settlement patterns in Upper Canada, 1782–1851, assesses the relative rank and sensitivity of land availability, point of entry, land quality, and distance to market in relation to a settler's decision to locate. Settlement patterns for years between 1782 and 1851 are simulated and compared to real world data by means of visual analysis of settlement maps and correlation analysis. For patterns before 1851 the dates of survey are important; by 1851 the effects of this factor are not evident.
The Effects of Data Aggregation in Statistical Analysis
Authors: Clark W. A. V. , Avery Karen L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe problem of ecological correlation is now widely recognized but detailed analyses of the effects of aggregation on correlation and regression coefficients are rare. A short review of the aggregation problem is followed by an analysis of the specific effect of proximity aggregation on the slope coefficient of a bivariate linear model using data drawn from the Los Angeles Metropolitan region. The evidence suggests that changes in the slope coefficient are best related to the manner in which the covariation between the independent and dependent variables changes with increased aggregation.
The Role of Bose‐Einstein Statistics in Point Pattern Analysis
Authors: Thomas R. W. , Reeve D. E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBose‐Einstein statistics are introduced as the least‐biased definition of equal likelihood or randomness available to geographers studying point patterns. The Bose‐Einstein distribution is shown to be an entropy‐maximizing probability distribution which enables the information theoretic concept of redundancy to be used as a measure of the extent to which an unknown spatial process influences the evolution of the frequency distribution of points. Finally the method is applied to the frequency distribution of karst depressions in limestone regions and the distributions of factories in Greater Manchester.
Extremal Approaches to Estimating Spatial Interaction
Authors: Phillips Fred , White Gerald M. , Haynes Kingsley E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo recent theoretical approaches to the gravity model of spatial interaction are examined with emphasis on the dissimilar physical and statistical theories from which they were respectively derived. Formal relationships between the two methods are demonstrated. The two approaches jointly indicate a general method of generating new hypotheses of gravity flows. This method is discussed and evaluated, and some questions of theory comparability are explored. Comments on some of the computational features of each of the two models conclude the paper.