bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is it Food Quality or Quantity that Responds to Changing Income?
Authors: Kuchler Fred 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSince the early 1990s, the retail market for leafy green vegetables has been divided between largely unprocessed products and bagged salads. The latter embody kitchen labor and economize on storage costs, in effect offering consumers convenience as a product attribute. Using time‐series retail purchase data, this paper shows that changes in income immediately influence how much convenience consumers of leafy greens purchase. There is no statistical evidence that total quantity of leafy greens purchased responds to short‐run changes in income. Hence, consumers appear to adjust to income changes by choosing food quality rather than quantity.
ExpEdit: a webserver to explore human RNA editing in RNA-Seq experiments
Authors: Picardi Ernesto , D'Antonio Mattia , Carrabino Danilo , Castrignanò Tiziana , Pesole Graziano 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Summary: ExpEdit is a web application for assessing RNA editing in human at known or user-specified sites supported by transcript data obtained by RNA-Seq experiments. Mapping data (in SAM/BAM format) or directly sequence reads [in FASTQ/short read archive (SRA) format] can be provided as input to carry out a comparative analysis against a large collection of known editing sites collected in DARNED database as well as other user-provided potentially edited positions. Results are shown as dynamic tables containing University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) links for a quick examination of the genomic context.
Availability: ExpEdit is freely available on the web at http://www.caspur.it/ExpEdit/.
Contact: graziano.pesole@biologia.uniba.it
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Auxin and Ethylene Induce Flavonol Accumulation through Distinct Transcriptional Networks
Authors: Lewis Daniel R. , Ramirez Melissa V. , Miller Nathan D. , Vallabhaneni Prashanthi , Ray W. Keith , Helm Richard F. , Winkel Brenda S.J. , Muday Gloria K. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Auxin and ethylene are key regulators of plant growth and development, and thus the transcriptional networks that mediate responses to these hormones have been the subject of intense research. This study dissected the hormonal cross talk regulating the synthesis of flavonols and examined their impact on root growth and development. We analyzed the effects of auxin and an ethylene precursor on roots of wild-type and hormone-insensitive Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants at the transcript, protein, and metabolite levels at high spatial and temporal resolution. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) differentially increased flavonol pathway transcripts and flavonol accumulation, altering the relative abundance of quercetin and kaempferol. The IAA, but not ACC, response is lost in the transport inhibitor response1 (tir1) auxin receptor mutant, while ACC responses, but not IAA responses, are lost in ethylene insensitive2 (ein2) and ethylene resistant1 (etr1) ethylene signaling mutants. A kinetic analysis identified increases in transcripts encoding the transcriptional regulators MYB12, Transparent Testa Glabra1, and Production of Anthocyanin Pigment after hormone treatments, which preceded increases in transcripts encoding flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes. In addition, myb12 mutants were insensitive to the effects of auxin and ethylene on flavonol metabolism. The equivalent phenotypes for transparent testa4 (tt4), which makes no flavonols, and tt7, which makes kaempferol but not quercetin, showed that quercetin derivatives are the inhibitors of basipetal root auxin transport, gravitropism, and elongation growth. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate that auxin and ethylene regulate flavonol biosynthesis through distinct signaling networks involving TIR1 and EIN2/ETR1, respectively, both of which converge on MYB12. This study also provides new evidence that quercetin is the flavonol that modulates basipetal auxin transport.
Lutein from Deepoxidation of Lutein Epoxide Replaces Zeaxanthin to Sustain an Enhanced Capacity for Nonphotochemical Chlorophyll Fluorescence Quenching in Avocado Shade Leaves in the Dark
Authors: Förster Britta , Pogson Barry James , Osmond Charles Barry 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Leaves of avocado (Persea americana) that develop and persist in deep shade canopies have very low rates of photosynthesis but contain high concentrations of lutein epoxide (Lx) that are partially deepoxidized to lutein (L) after 1 h of exposure to 120 to 350 μmol photons m−2 s−1, increasing the total L pool by 5% to 10% (ƊL). Deepoxidation of Lx to L was near stoichiometric and similar in kinetics to deepoxidation of violaxanthin (V) to antheraxanthin (A) and zeaxanthin (Z). Although the V pool was restored by epoxidation of A and Z overnight, the Lx pool was not. Depending on leaf age and pretreatment, the pool of ƊL persisted for up to 72 h in the dark. Metabolism of ƊL did not involve epoxidation to Lx. These contrasting kinetics enabled us to differentiate three states of the capacity for nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (NPQ) in attached and detached leaves: ƊpH dependent (NPQƊpH) before deepoxidation; after deepoxidation in the presence of ƊL, A, and Z (NPQƊLAZ); and after epoxidation of A+Z but with residual ƊL (NPQƊL). The capacity of both NPQƊLAZ and NPQƊL was similar and 45% larger than NPQƊpH, but dark relaxation of NPQƊLAZ was slower. The enhanced capacity for NPQ was lost after metabolism of ƊL. The near equivalence of NPQƊLAZ and NPQƊL provides compelling evidence that the small dynamic pool ƊL replaces A+Z in avocado to “lock in” enhanced NPQ. The results are discussed in relation to data obtained with other Lx-rich species and in mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with increased L pools.
Divergent Roles for the Two PolI-Like Organelle DNA Polymerases of Arabidopsis
Authors: Parent Jean-Sébastien , Lepage Etienne , Brisson Normand 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
DNA polymerases play a central role in the process of DNA replication. Yet, the proteins in charge of the replication of plant organelle DNA have not been unambiguously identified. There are however many indications that a family of proteins homologous to bacterial DNA polymerase I (PolI) is implicated in organelle DNA replication. Here, we have isolated mutant lines of the PolIA and PolIB genes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to test this hypothesis. We find that mutation of both genes is lethal, thus confirming an essential and redundant role for these two proteins. However, the mutation of a single gene is sufficient to cause a reduction in the levels of DNA in both mitochondria and plastids. We also demonstrate that polIb, but not polIa mutant lines, are hypersensitive to ciprofloxacin, a small molecule that specifically induces DNA double-strand breaks in plant organelles, suggesting a function for PolIB in DNA repair. In agreement with this result, a cross between polIb and a plastid Whirly mutant line yielded plants with high levels of DNA rearrangements and severe growth defects, indicating impairments in plastid DNA repair pathways. Taken together, this work provides further evidences for the involvement of the plant PolI-like genes in organelle DNA replication and suggests an additional role for PolIB in DNA repair.
Myosin XI-Dependent Formation of Tubular Structures from Endoplasmic Reticulum Isolated from Tobacco Cultured BY-2 Cells
Authors: Yokota Etsuo , Ueda Haruko , Hashimoto Kohsuke , Orii Hidefumi , Shimada Tomoo , Hara-Nishimura Ikuko , Shimmen Teruo 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The reticular network of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of tubular and lamellar elements and is arranged in the cortical region of plant cells. This network constantly shows shape change and remodeling motion. Tubular ER structures were formed when GTP was added to the ER vesicles isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultured BY-2 cells expressing ER-localized green fluorescent protein. The hydrolysis of GTP during ER tubule formation was higher than that under conditions in which ER tubule formation was not induced. Furthermore, a shearing force, such as the flow of liquid, was needed for the elongation/extension of the ER tubule. The shearing force was assumed to correspond to the force generated by the actomyosin system in vivo. To confirm this hypothesis, the S12 fraction was prepared, which contained both cytosol and microsome fractions, including two classes of myosins, XI (175-kD myosin) and VIII (BY-2 myosin VIII-1), and ER-localized green fluorescent protein vesicles. The ER tubules and their mesh-like structures were arranged in the S12 fraction efficiently by the addition of ATP, GTP, and exogenous filamentous actin. The tubule formation was significantly inhibited by the depletion of 175-kD myosin from the S12 fraction but not BY-2 myosin VIII-1. Furthermore, a recombinant carboxyl-terminal tail region of 175-kD myosin also suppressed ER tubule formation. The tips of tubules moved along filamentous actin during tubule elongation. These results indicated that the motive force generated by the actomyosin system contributes to the formation of ER tubules, suggesting that myosin XI is responsible not only for the transport of ER in cytoplasm but also for the reticular organization of cortical ER.
Functional Analyses of the Activation Loop of Phototropin2 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Inoue Shin-ichiro , Matsushita Tomonao , Tomokiyo Yuta , Matsumoto Masaki , Nakayama Keiichi I. , Kinoshita Toshinori , Shimazaki Ken-ichiro 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Phototropins (phot1 and phot2) are autophosphorylating blue-light receptor kinases that mediate blue-light responses such as phototropism, chloroplast accumulation, and stomatal opening in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Only phot2 induces the chloroplast avoidance response under strong blue light. The serine (Ser) residues of the kinase activation loop in phot1 are autophosphorylated by blue light, and autophosphorylation is essential for the phot1-mediated responses. However, the role of autophosphorylation in phot2 remains to be determined. In this study, we substituted the conserved residues of Ser-761 and Ser-763 with alanine (S761A S763A) in the phot2 activation loop and analyzed their function by investigating the phot2-mediated responses after the transformation of phot1 phot2 double mutant with this mutant phot2 gene. Transgenic plants expressing the mutant phot2 protein exhibited impaired responses in chloroplast movement, stomatal opening, phototropic bending, leaf flattening, and plant growth; and those expressing phot2 with S761D S763D mutations showed the normal responses. Substitution of both Ser-761 and Ser-763 with alanine in phot2 did not significantly affect the kinase activity in planta. From these results, we conclude that phosphorylation of Ser-761 and Ser-763 in the activation loop may be a common primary step for phot2-mediated responses.
Case of isolated benign primary cutaneous plasmacytosis in a child
Authors: AHN Jae‐Jun , YANG Yun‐Seok , SHIN Min‐Kyung , LEE Sung‐Won , KIM Nack‐In 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA collection of plasma cells in the skin can represent a broad spectrum of disease entities. Secondary syphilis, primary cutaneous plasmacytoma, primary cutaneous plasmacytosis, cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia and nodular amyloidosis are considered possible differential diagnoses. We present a case of a 7‐year‐old girl with an erythematous scaly plaque on her right buttock that had been present for approximately 5 years. Prior to her visit to our department she had been treated at a local dermatology clinic with topical methylprednisolone acetate and topical calcitriol without significant improvement. Histopathological examination revealed psoriasiform hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis and a band‐like or dense perivascular infiltration of plasma cells with a few lymphocytes and histiocytes. Other laboratory tests were within the reference ranges. At our department, the patient was given oral prednisolone along with an intralesional injection of triamcinolone and application of topical methylprednisolone acetate and tacrolimus hydrate to the affected area. The lesion improved significantly but recurred 3 months later. We present a rare case of isolated benign primary cutaneous plasmacytosis in a female pre‐adolescent child.
Cannabinoids for treatment of chronic non‐cancer pain; a systematic review of randomized trials
Authors: Lynch Mary E. , Campbell Fiona 
Published: March 2011

Effective therapeutic options for patients living with chronic pain are limited. The pain relieving effect of cannabinoids remains unclear. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining cannabinoids in the treatment of chronic non‐cancer pain was conducted according to the PRISMA statement update on the QUORUM guidelines for reporting systematic reviews that evaluate health care interventions. Cannabinoids studied included smoked cannabis, oromucosal extracts of cannabis based medicine, nabilone, dronabinol and a novel THC analogue. Chronic non‐cancer pain conditions included neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, and mixed chronic pain. Overall the quality of trials was excellent. Fifteen of the eighteen trials that met the inclusion criteria demonstrated a significant analgesic effect of cannabinoid as compared with placebo and several reported significant improvements in sleep. There were no serious adverse effects. Adverse effects most commonly reported were generally well tolerated, mild to moderate in severity and led to withdrawal from the studies in only a few cases. Overall there is evidence that cannabinoids are safe and modestly effective in neuropathic pain with preliminary evidence of efficacy in fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis. The context of the need for additional treatments for chronic pain is reviewed. Further large studies of longer duration examining specific cannabinoids in homogeneous populations are required.Linked Article This article is linked to a themed issue in the British Journal of Pharmacology on Respiratory Pharmacology. To view this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.163.issue‐1
Oxidative stability of previously frozen ostrich Muscularis iliofibularis packaged under different modified atmospheric conditions
Authors: Leygonie Coleen , Britz Trevor J. , Hoffman Louw C. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThis study investigated the aptness of modified atmospheric packaging (70:30, O2:CO2 (O_MAP); 70:30, N2:CO2 (N_MAP)) and traditional overwrap (control) for previously frozen ostrich steaks, stored at 4 ± 1 °C for 10 days. The N_MAP showed the least oxidation, O_MAP the highest and the control moderate. The redness (CIE a*) decreased to 3.67 ± 0.83 by day 10 in the O_MAP, the N_MAP and control initially had lower values indicating slower oxidisation. The free carbonyl production was higher in the O_MAP than the N_MAP and control. TBARS remained relatively constant for the N_MAP and control, but increased to 9.70 ± 3.26 (day 10) in the O_MAP. Drip loss (non‐cumulative), was initially high (5–6%) for N_MAP and control, followed by a decrease on day 2 (2%) that increased to day 10 (4–6%). In conclusion, the traditional overwrap was not suited; N_MAP holds potential under a true anoxic atmosphere whilst O_MAP was limited by protein and lipid oxidation.
Effects of drying temperature on the flavonoid, phenolic acid and antioxidative capacities of the methanol extract of citrus fruit (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) peels
Authors: Chen Mei‐Ling , Yang Deng‐Jye , Liu Shih‐Chuan 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThere are many active functional compounds in citrus peels, such as flavonoid and phenolic acid. Scientists tried to obtain more bioactive components from citrus peels by various methods. This research investigated the effects of different drying temperatures (50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 °C) on changes in the flavonoid, phenolic acid and antioxidative activities of citrus fruit (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) peels. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of drying treated orange peels were decreased by lower drying temperature (50 and 60 °C) and increased by higher drying temperature (70, 80, 90 and 100 °C). Amounts of phenolic compounds in the 100 °C treated sample extract were significantly higher than the amounts in the samples heated at other temperatures (P < 0.05). EC50 values of orange peel extracts by DPPH radical scavenging effects and ABTS·+ scavenging effects were increased with lower drying temperature and decreased with higher drying temperature, and the values of 100 °C treated sample extract were significantly lower than the samples heated at other temperatures (P < 0.05). However, the chelating Fe2 + activities of samples showed the opposite trend.
Pictures speak louder than numbers: on communicating medical risks to immigrants with limited non‐native language proficiency
Authors: Garcia‐Retamero Rocio , Dhami Mandeep K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground and objectives  Medical risk communication has been infrequently studied in immigrants with limited non‐native language proficiency, even though they may be at greatest risk of illness. In a study, we examined to what extent Polish immigrants to the UK have difficulties in understanding treatment risk reduction expressed as ratios either in their native language or in a non‐native language (English). We further investigated whether this population can be aided by using visual displays to enhance comprehension.Design, setting, and participants  A survey was conducted in the UK in spring, 2009, involving a sample of Polish immigrants (n = 96).Outcome measures  Estimates of treatment risk reduction, confidence in estimates, and perceptions of treatment effectiveness.Results  When assessing treatment risk reduction, participants often paid too much attention to the number of treated and non‐treated patients who died (i.e. numerators) and insufficient attention to the overall number of treated and non‐treated patients (i.e. denominators). This denominator neglect was especially noticeable when treatment risk reduction was not expressed in participants’ native language. However, provision of visual aids in addition to the numerical information about risk reduction proved to be an effective method for eliminating denominator neglect. The visual aids drew participants’ attention to the overall number of treated and non‐treated patients and helped them to make more accurate risk estimates.Conclusions  When communicating risks to immigrants with limited non‐native language proficiency, we should move beyond the simple, direct translation of health messages that are already being used with the indigenous population to messages that are more appropriate. The use of materials that include visual aids is an effective method of communicating medical risk information to immigrant populations.
The Joanna Briggs Institute Best Practice Information Sheet: Music as an intervention in hospitals
Authors:   The Joanna Briggs Institute
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis Best Practice Information Sheet aims to synthesize the best‐available evidence on music as a therapeutic intervention for the management of anxiety or pain related to procedural or operative interventions. The information that is contained in this sheet has been derived from studies that were included in a systematic review that was conducted by The Joanna Briggs Institute. The original references can be sourced from the systematic review. Music as a therapeutic intervention is a development largely of the mid‐20th century; however, it has existed in various forms in most cultures for many centuries. The Best Practice Information Sheet includes music‐listening before a procedure or operation, during a procedure or operation, and after a procedure or operation. It excludes other forms of music therapy. Several recommendations for practice are made.
Experience of Iranian persons receiving hemodialysis: A descriptive, exploratory study
Authors: Kazemi Majid , Nasrabadi Alireza Nikbakht , Hasanpour Marzieh , Hassankhani Hadi , Mills Jane 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPatients living with end‐stage renal disease experience different levels of physical and psychological disability that can impact on the type and level of social interaction in which they engage with others. The researchers concurrently collected and thematically analyzed the interview data that were generated from 21 participants who were undergoing hemodialysis in Iran. Four major themes were constructed from the analysis of the transcripts: living with fatigue; changes in self‐image; patients' dependency on the device, place, and time of hemodialysis; and hiding the disease. The results from this study showed that the patients who were living with hemodialysis in Iran experienced altered social interactions with others. The culture of Iran resulted in the participants trying to hide their disease from others, which led to social avoidance, thus reducing the participants' social interactions with others. It is recommended that nurses include a comprehensive assessment of the social interactions of persons who are receiving hemodialysis in their overall nursing assessment and that this is reviewed on a regular basis.
Diabetes prevalence based on health insurance claims: large differences between companies
Authors: Hoffmann F. , Icks A. 
Published: March 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 919–923 (2011)AbstractAims  We investigated if there are substantial differences in the prevalence of diabetes between members of different health insurance funds in Germany and, if so, which variables might explain these differences.Methods  Ten representative surveys (conducted between 2004 and 2008) of the Bertelsmann Healthcare Monitor, comprising 15 089 participants aged 18–79 years, were analysed. Our main independent variable was membership in one of eight health insurance funds. We first estimated the crude prevalence of diabetes stratified by these funds. We further fitted logistic regression models and stepwise adjusted for age and sex, further co‐morbidities and anthropometric measures and factors influencing health awareness and lifestyle.Results  The overall prevalence of diabetes was 6.9%. Stratified by health insurance funds, prevalences ranged between 3.9% within the Innungskrankenkassen to 11.4% within the Allgemeine Ortskrankenkassen. Adjusting for age and sex only led to minor changes. After controlling for all mentioned variables, these differences remained. Compared with those who were privately insured, persons within the Allgemeine Ortskrankenkassen (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.30–2.29), the Betriebskrankenkassen (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.15–2.07) and the Barmer (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.01–1.91) had a higher prevalence.Conclusions  We found considerable differences in diabetes prevalence between German health insurance funds that remained after controlling for several relevant variables.