bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine-Scale Staging of T Cell Lineage Commitment in Adult Mouse Thymus
Authors: Yui Mary A. , Feng Ni , Rothenberg Ellen V. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
T cell development is marked by the loss of alternative lineage choices accompanying specification and commitment to the T cell lineage. Commitment occurs between the CD4 and CD8 double-negative (DN) 2 and DN3 stages in mouse early T cells. To determine the gene regulatory changes that accompany commitment, we sought to distinguish and characterize the earliest committed wild-type DN adult thymocytes. A transitional cell population, defined by the first downregulation of surface c-Kit expression, was found to have lost the ability to differentiate into dendritic cells and NK cells when cultured without Notch-Delta signals. In the presence of Notch signaling, this subset generates T lineage descendants in an ordered precursor–product relationship between DN2, with the highest levels of surface c-Kit, and c-Kit–low DN3 cells. These earliest committed cells show only a few differences in regulatory gene expression, compared with uncommitted DN2 cells. They have not yet established the full expression of Notch-related and T cell differentiation genes characteristic of DN3 cells before β selection. Instead, the downregulation of select stem cell and non-T lineage genes appears to be key to the extinction of alternative lineage choices.
Chlorine: Radionuclides
Authors: Ashworth Daniel , Shaw George 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Chlorine is ubiquitous in the environment and is an essential element for higher plants and animals. The primary radioactive isotope is
36
Cl, which has a half‐life of 3.01 × 10
5
years and which is produced both naturally and as a result of anthropogenic nuclear activity. This article considers the important sources of
36
Cl in the environment and the subsequent behavior of the radionuclide. The chemistry of radio‐ and stable chlorine is discussed with particular emphasis on its ability to not only exist as the chloride ion but also as organic chlorine. Procedures for the fractionation/speciation and analytical determination of
36
Cl in environmental samples are also reported. Owing to the high solubility of the chloride ion, the potential for a large degree of
36
Cl migration within soils, and from soils into plants is described. The most significant source of
36
Cl is likely to be nuclear waste buried in underground rock repositories. Over extended time periods, if such a repository were to leak,
36
Cl has the potential to move upward with the flow of water into soils and plants. The article describes risk modeling that assesses this important pathway by which humans may become exposed to
36
Cl. Such modeling suggests that
36
Cl leaked from a buried nuclear waste repository has the potential to eventually contaminate soils, plants, well water, and surface waters. However, the radioactive dose associated with this contamination would apparently be relatively low.
Thorium: Radionuclides
Authors: Wan Mahmood Zal Uyun , Rahim Mohamed Che Abd 
Published: June 2010

Abstract

Thorium is composed of 25 different isotopes with the common ones being
224
Th,
226
Th,
227
Th,
228
Th,
229
Th,
230
Th,
231
Th,
232
Th,
233
Th, and
234
Th. These decay with considerably different half‐lives and nuclear properties. Although thorium is considered one of the more highly radiotoxic elements, its toxicity is low because of its stability at ambient temperature. The intake of thorium isotopes by human being occurs mainly through animal products, cereals, vegetables, and waters. Thorium is widely distributed in small amounts, with an average lithospheric concentration of 8–12 mg g
−1
in the earth's crust (at an average concentration of 6 mg g
−1
in soil). Furthermore, thorium is quite useful, especially in industries, and it is also recognized as a potential fuel for fast breeder reactors, where it is converted to fissile
233
U. This article presents details on the occurrence, chemistry, speciation, separation, and analytical characterization techniques of the more common isotopes of thorium.
Hybrid adaptive observers for locally Lipschitz systems
Authors: Bobtsov Alexey A. , Efimov Denis V. , Pyrkin Anton 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn adaptive observer design approach is proposed for the class of nonlinear locally Lipschitz systems. The case of disturbances affecting the state equations is considered. The proposed solution is applicable to the systems with bounded solutions and hyperminimum phase linear part. It is based on the logic‐based control approach. Efficiency of the proposed observer design is demonstrated through computer simulations for Duffing and satellite system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of mortgage default risk via Bayesian reliability models
Authors: Soyer Refik , Xu Feng 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we consider duration‐type models and their generalizations for modeling default risk. The models are motivated by noting similarities between reliability/survival analysis and mortgage default risk. We present Bayesian modeling strategies used in reliability analysis for describing time to default data. Our models include proportional hazards‐type generalized gamma and mixture models, which are capable of capturing nonmonotonic default rates. We develop Bayesian inference for our models and illustrate their implementation using actual time to default data from the U.S. mortgage market. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Hemimelic extra toes mouse mutant: Historical perspective on unraveling mechanisms of dysmorphogenesis
Authors: Knudsen Thomas B. , Kochhar Devendra M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHemimelic extra toes (Hx) arose spontaneously as a dominant mutation in B10.D2/nSnJ mice in 1967. It specifically affects the appendicular skeleton, causing variable foreshortening of the tibia (radius) and preaxial polydactylism. Early anatomical studies revealed anterior overgrowth of the autopod, with decreased apoptosis and increased mitosis in the anterior apical ectodermal ridge and underlying mesenchyme; overextension of apoptosis in the central zeugopod accounted for hemimelia. The Hx mutant phenotype was coarsely mapped to mouse chromosome (Chr) 5 and closely linked to engrailed‐2 (En2) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh). This region is syntenic to human Chr 7q36 that harbors several dominant mutations affecting the hand. High‐resolution genome mapping identified the Hx mutation as a G → A base pair transition within Intron 5 of the murine Lmbr1 locus. The critical effect is on a multifunctional conserved regulatory element that acts as a limb‐specific, long‐distance cis‐acting enhancer of Shh expression. As such, the Hx mutant phenotype results from ectopic Shh signals at the anterior margin of the limb bud that directly or indirectly alter FGF4 signaling from the apical ectodermal ridge. Given significant advances in understanding of embryonic development in general and limb development in particular, this review article reveals how research that once attracted interest of teratologists has advanced across the decades to pinpoint a critical molecular lesion and reveal a potential mechanism of a specific malformation that is found commonly in experimental teratology. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 90:155–162, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of disaccharides on the stabilization of bovine trypsin against detergent and autolysis
Authors: Prasad Shivcharan , Roy Ipsita 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOsmolytes have been reported to stabilize biomolecules and even whole organisms against exposure to adverse environmental conditions. In this work, we report for the first time the use of some of these osmolytes, viz., the disaccharides trehalose and sucrose, in the stabilization of bovine trypsin against exposure to the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate and autolysis. Exposure of trypsin to SDS at a molar ratio of 1:45 led to decrease in trypsin activity by 61%. In the presence of 1 M sucrose and 1 M trehalose, the residual trypsin activity was found to increase to that of original enzyme activity. These two disaccharides were also found to slow down the rate of autolysis, resulting in residual activities of 80 and 88%, respectively, after incubation for 24 h. Active site titration showed retention of the fraction of active sites in the presence of trehalose. Fluorescence and CD spectroscopies were used to decipher the probable mechanism of this protective role of the disaccharides. Although complete resumption of secondary structure was not seen in the presence of the two disaccharides, the spectra of trypsin in the presence of stabilizers resembled the spectrum of native trypsin and were significantly different from the spectrum of detergent‐denatured enzyme. Correlating the data obtained from spectroscopy with those obtained from activity assay, we propose that the retention of secondary structure of the enzyme is largely responsible for the retention of the functionally active form of trypsin. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Glycerol‐Reforming Kinetics Using a Pt/C Catalyst
Authors: Sutar P. N. , Vaidya P. D. , Rodrigues A. E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCatalytic steam reforming of glycerol, a by‐product in biodiesel production, represents an attractive route to hydrogen. For the first time, the kinetics of the glycerol steam reforming reaction over a Pt/C catalyst was considered. Kinetic data, i.e., glycerol conversion vs. space time, were obtained experimentally by using a fixed‐bed reactor and were analyzed by the integral method of analysis. It was found that in the studied ranges of temperature from 623 to 673 K and space time from 0.39 to 1.56 g h/mol the investigated reaction is of the first‐order with respect to glycerol. The specific reaction rate constant at 673 K was determined to be 1.1·105 cm3/gcat h. The values of glycerol conversion predicted by the first‐order kinetic model were in good agreement with those obtained experimentally. The increase in temperature, space time, and initial water/glycerol ratio caused the expected increase in hydrogen yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Protonated Ozone: Structure, Energetics, and Nonadiabatic Effects.
Authors: Ceotto Michele , Gianturco Franco A. , Hirst David M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cadmium Sodium Trivanadate.
Authors: El Ammari Lahcen , Azrour Mohamed , Depmeier Wulf , Hesse K.‐F. , Elouadi Brahim 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Volume Expansion During Reaction Sintering of γ‐Bi12SiO20.
Authors: Melin Gilles , Chartier Thierry , Bonnet Jean Pierre 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Density Functional Theory (DFT) Study on the Interaction of Ammonium (NH4+) and Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocyclics
Authors: Zhu Wei‐Liang , Jiang Hua‐Liang , Puah Chum Mok , Tan Xiao‐Jian , Chen Kai‐Xian , Cao Yang , Ji Ru‐Yun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Reactions of Allylic Benzotriazoles with Enamines: A Novel Method for the Stereoselective Synthesis of (4E)‐γ,δ‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Huang Zhizhen , Fang Yunfeng 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Ketone Catalyzed Highly Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Epoxidation of Conjugated Enynes.
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Xian , Cao Guo‐An , Shi Yian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Benzyl‐norephedrine Derivatives as New, Efficient Ligands for Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Functionalized Ketones
Authors: Everaere Kathelyne , Carpentier Jean‐Francois , Mortreux Andre , Bulliard Michel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution of Cyclic Allyl Carbonates with Nucleophiles. Stereoselectivity and Scope of the Reaction.
Authors: Morisaki Yasuhiro , Kondo Teruyuki , Mitsudo Take‐aki 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed, Asymmetric Hetero‐ and Carboannulation of Allenes Using Functionally‐Substituted Aryl and Vinylic Iodides.
Authors: Zenner John M. , Larock Richard C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycine Radicals in the Gas Phase.
Authors: Turecek Frantisek , Carpenter F. Howland 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Codimerization of Enol Acylates with 2‐Substituted‐1,3‐butadienes.
Authors: Fujiwhara Mitsuhiko , Nishikawa Takenobu , Hori Yoji 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Single‐Pot, Mild Conversion of β‐Lactones to β‐Lactams.
Authors: Yang Hong Woon , Romo Daniel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Characterization of SQBAzide, a Novel Biotinylated Photoaffinity Probe for the Study of the Human Platelet Thromboxane A2 Receptor.
Authors: Halmos Therese , Turek Joseph W. , Le Breton Guy C. , Antonakis Kostas 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Arcyriarubine Regioisomers by Pd(0)‐Catalysis or via Lithiated Indole Derivatives — Conformational Analysis by Semiempirical and X‐Ray Methods.
Authors: Mahboobi S. , Dove S. , Kuhr S. , Pongratz H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetals and Vinyl Ethers of Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones in New Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. Part 10. Configurational Z,E Isomerism of 1,3‐Bis(6‐phenyl‐1,3‐dioxin‐4‐ylidene)propan‐2‐ylium Perchlorates.
Authors: Olekhnovich L. P. , Arsen'ev V. G. , Olekhnovich E. P. , Metelitsa A. V. , Borodkin G. S. , Zhdanov Yu. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformationally Restricted Paclitaxel Analogues: Macrocyclic Mimics of the “Hydrophobic Collapse” Conformation.
Authors: Boge Thomas C. , Wu Zhi‐Jun , Himes Richard H. , Vander Velde David G. , Georg Gunda I. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 4β,15‐Dihydro‐3‐dehydrosolstitialin A.
Authors: Gonzalez‐Platas Javier , Ruiz‐Perez Catalina , Gonzalez Antonio G. , Bermejo Jaime , Medjroubi Kamel 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Salannin and 3‐Deacetylsalannin.
Authors: Kabaleeswaran V. , Rajan S. S. , Gopalakrishnan Geetha , Govindachari T. R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Taxanes from the Needles of Taxus canadensis
Authors: Zamir Lolita O. , Zhang Junzeng , Wu JianHui , Sauriol Francoise , Mamer Orval 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Phosphoamino Acids with Long Dialkoxy Chains.
Authors: Deng Chang‐Hui , Li Yan‐Mei , Xu Ning , Zhao Yu‐Fen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure β‐ and γ‐Amino Acid Derivatives Using Functionalized Organozinc Reagents.
Authors: Dexter Charles S. , Jackson Richard F. W. , Elliot Jason 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorescent Molecular Probes. Part 5. A Sensitive Caspase‐3 Substrate for Fluorometric Assays
Authors: Liu Jixiang , Bhalgat Mahesh , Zhang Cailan , Diwu Zhenjun , Hoyland Brian , Klaubert Dieter H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Revised Structure of a Homonojirimycin Isomer from Aglaonema Treublii: First Example of a Naturally Occurring α‐Homoallonojirimycin.
Authors: Martin Olivier R. , Compain Philippe , Kizu Haruhisa , Asano Naoki 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of 3‐Azido‐3‐deoxy‐1,2:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐glucofuranose and C60.
Authors: Marco‐Contelles Jose , Jagerovic Nadine , Alhambra C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Cylindricines A (I) and B (II).
Authors: Liu Julie Fields , Heathcock Clayton H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,1‐Difluoro‐2‐(tetrahydro‐3‐furanyl)ethylphosphonic Acids Possessing a N9‐Purinylmethyl Functional Group at the Ring. A New Class of Inhibitors for Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylases.
Authors: Yokomatsu Tsutomu , Hayakawa Yoshinobu , Suemune Kenji , Kihara Taro , Soeda Shinji , Shimeno Hiroshi , Shibuya Shiroshi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.