bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Properties of Gestures in North American English /r/
Authors: Campbell Fiona , Gick Bryan , Wilson Ian , Vatikiotis-Bateson Eric 
Published: February 2010

Systematic syllable-based variation has been observed in the relative spatial and temporal properties of supralaryngeal gestures in a number of complex segments. Generally, more anterior gestures tend to appear at syllable peripheries while less anterior gestures occur closer to syllable peaks. Because previous studies compared only two gestures, it is not clear how to characterize the gestures, nor whether timing offsets are categorical or gradient. North American English /r/ is an unusually complex segment, having three supralaryngeal constrictions, but technological limitations have hindered simultaneous study of all three. A novel combination of M-mode ultrasound and optical tracking was used to measure gestural relations in productions of /r/ by nine speakers of Canadian English. Results show a front-to-back timing pattern in syllable-initial position: Lip then tongue blade (TB), then tongue root (TR). In syllable-final position TR and Lip are followed by TB. There was also a reduction in magnitude affecting Lip and TB gestures in syllable-final position and TR in syllable-initial position. These findings are not wholly consistent with any theory advanced thus far to explain syllable-based allophonic variation. It is proposed that the relative magnitude of gestures is a better predictor of timing than relative anteriority or an assigned phonological classification.
Quantum Yield Measurements of Firefly Bioluminescence Reactions Using a Commercial Luminometer
Authors: Niwa Kazuki , Ichino Yoshiro , Ohmiya Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Quantum yields of firefly bioluminescence reactions were determined using a commercially available luminometer whose absolute responsivity was calibrated with respect to the spatially and spectrally integrated photon flux emitted from the reaction solution.
Reaction of Cage-opened Fullerene Derivative with Grignard Reagents and Subsequent Transannular Cyclization
Authors: Murata Michihisa , Morinaka Yuta , Kurotobi Kei , Komatsu Koichi , Murata Yasujiro 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
1,2-Addition of methyl and allyl Grignard reagents to a cage-opened fullerene derivative 2a selectively proceeded at −20 °C in THF at one of the two carbonyl groups. Under acidic conditions, the resulting alcohol underwent a transannular cyclization. The elevated LUMO levels of these products were shown by electrochemical and theoretical investigations.
Optical Properties of 4-(Dicyanomethylidene)-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-2-methyl-4H-pyran Nanoparticles Prepared by Reprecipitation
Authors: Yuan Zhao-Lin , Tao Si-Lu , Yu Jun-Sheng , Jiang Ya-Dong 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Nanoparticles of 4-(dicyanomethylidene)-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-2-methyl-4H-pyran (DCM) red fluorescent dye were prepared using a reprecipitation method. The absorption spectra of DCM nanoparticles showed that compared to the absorption spectrum of a diluted solution, the intramolecular CT peak was blue-shifted due to H-aggregation. In addition, the fluorescence quenching of DCM nanoparticles was observed, resulting from H-aggregates and the twisted conformations of chromophores in the nanoparticles.
A Profile of Inpatient Admissions to an Aged Psychiatry Service in Victoria
Authors: Smith Brad , Hassett Anne , Harrigan Susan , Fortune Tracy 
Published: February 2010

Objective: The study aimed to characterize the demographics, diagnostic makeup and aspects of patient management for the inpatient population of a large aged psychiatry service. Method: Sociodemographic and clinical variables were retrospectively collated from inpatient files and discharge summaries over a 3-year period. Age, gender, country of birth, diagnostic group, length of stay, involuntary care status and number of admissions were described and analysed. A total of 604 patients were included in the study, with complete data available for 516. Results: Approximately half of the patients were aged 65–75 years and 59.3% were female. More than half had been born outside of Australia. The primary diagnosis was an affective disorder in 39.0% of admissions, dementia in 27.5% and psychotic illnesses in 25.8%. The median length of stay was 28 days; 60.8% had a period of involuntary care and 79.8% had only one admission. Conclusion: In the near future, aged psychiatry services will face increased numbers of patients and rising expectations. To best respond to these challenges, we need to have an understanding of current patient and service profiles. The findings of this study illustrate a range of patient, diagnostic and management variables in aged psychiatry practice. This information can be used for comparison with other services and in planning for future development of services.
Dr Google, MD: A Survey of Mental Health-Related Internet Use in a Private Practice Sample
Authors: Lam-Po-Tang John , McKay Diana 
Published: February 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the internet to access mental health-related information in a private practice sample, and to understand how this influenced health behaviours in this group. Method: We undertook a cross-sectional survey of adult outpatients attending two group psychiatric practices. The content included internet usage, types of information located, disclosure with treating psychiatrist, and perceived influence on decision-making. We collected both quantitative and qualitative data. Results: The internet was often used to access mental health-related information. Respondents most commonly looked for information about symptoms, treatment, side effects and diagnoses. Approximately one-third of those who sought mental health information on the internet discussed this with their psychiatrist, and those who did so were more likely to report an influence of this information on their decision-making. Respondents' comments suggested an appreciation of the utility of the internet, combined with an understanding of its limitations Conclusion: Private practice patients frequently access mental health information from the internet. When discussed within the therapeutic setting, it appears more likely to influence health-related decision-making. As part of ongoing therapy, clinicians should actively discuss what patients have read on the internet.
Severe Laryngeal Dystonia in a Patient Receiving Zuclopenthixol “Acuphase” and Fluoxetine
Authors: Hood Sean , Orr Kenneth , Bennett Lynette , Davies Simon 
Published: February 2010

Objective: Prescribers are warned to be vigilant for potential cytochrome P450 mediated drug interactions; guidelines separately highlight risks of toxicity associated with zuclopenthixol acuphase. We previously examined potential cytochrome P450 interactions with zuclopenthixol and here describe dangerous side effects in a patient receiving zuclopenthixol acuphase and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine at high dose. Method: We present the case of a patient established on fluoxetine 80 mg/day who subsequently received injected zuclopenthixol acuphase 100 mg. Results: Following zuclopenthixol acuphase administration, dangerous extra-pyramidal side effects were observed, including severe laryngeal dystonia necessitating emergency medical treatment. Conclusions: Our observations of symptoms of zuclopenthixol toxicity are consistent with a cytochrome P450 2D6/3A4 interaction with fluoxetine. Previous evidence demonstrating this interaction included only patients taking fluoxetine up to 60 mg/day. This case extends the evidence base. In patients taking high dose fluoxetine, we advise marked reductions in the prescribed dose of zuclopenthixol acuphase.
Efficiency Evaluation of Autonomic Heart Control by Using the Principal Component Analysis of ECG P-Wave
Authors: Simoliuniene R. , Tamosiunas M. , Saferis V. , Vainoras A. , Gargasas L. , Krisciukaitis A. 
Published: February 2010

Summary
Background: Cardiac output is controlled by the autonomic nervous system by changing the heart rate and/or the contractions of the heart muscle in response to the hemodynamic needs of the whole body. Malfunction of these mechanisms causes the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and/or the chronic fatigue syndrome. Evaluation of functionality and efficiency of the control mechanisms could give valuable diagnostic information in the early stages of dysfunction of the heart control systems and help to monitor the healing process in rehabilitation period after interventions.
Objectives: In this study we demonstrate how P-wave changes evoked by an ortho-static test could be quantitatively evaluated by using the method based on the principal component analysis.
Methods: ECG signals were recorded during an orthostatic test performed according to the typical protocol in three groups of volunteer subjects representing healthy young and older persons, part of which had transient periods of supraventricular arrhythmias. Quantitative evaluation of P-wave morphology changes was performed by means of principal component analysis-based method.
Results: Principal component-based estimates showed certain variety of P-wave shape during orthostatic test, what revealed a possibility to evaluate the properties of para-sympathetic heart control.
Conclusions: Quantitative evaluation of ECG P-wave changes evoked by an orthostatic test by using a newly developed method provides a quantitative estimate for functionality and efficiency of the heart rate control mechanisms. The method could be used in eHealth systems.
Chemoradiotherapy in pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Pathy Sushmita , Chander Subhash 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPancreatic cancer patients present late in their course and surgical resection as a modality of treatment is of limited value. Majority develop loco-regional failure and distant metastasis, therefore, adjuvant therapy comprising of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are useful treatment options to achieve higher loco-regional control. Specialized irradiation techniques like intra-operative radiotherapy that help to increase the total tumor dose have been used, however, controvertible survival benefit was observed. Various studies have shown improved median and overall survival with chemoradiotherapy for advanced unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. The role of new agents such as topoisomerase I inhibitors also needs further clinical investigations.
Pourbaix Diagrams for Nickel in Concentrated Aqueous Lithium Bromide Solutions at 25°C
Authors: Muñoz-Portero M. J. , García-Antón J. , Guiñón J. L. , Pérez-Herranz V. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Pourbaix diagrams (electrode potential-pH diagrams) for the Ni-Br−-H2O system at 25°C were developed in 400-g/L, 700-g/L, and 850-g/L (4.61-M, 8.06-M, and 9.79-M) lithium bromide (LiBr) solutions, which are common concentrations found in different parts of absorption devices. The diagrams were compared with the simple Ni-H2O system at 25°C. Pourbaix diagrams were constructed from standard Gibbs free energy of formation (ΔGfo) data at 25°C for all the species considered. Conventional procedures were followed to calculate the electrochemical and chemical equilibria from ΔGfo data Equilibria for the Ni-Br−-H2O system at 25°C were determined for bromide ion activities of 15.61, 194.77, and 650.06, which corresponded to the 400-g/L, 700-g/L, and 850-g/L LiBr solutions, respectively. Activities of all the dissolved species containing nickel were plotted for 10−6, 10−4, 10−2, and 100. Comparison of the simple Ni-H2O system at 25°C with the diagrams illustrating the effect of Br− activity showed that the formation of aqueous NiBr2(aq) extended the nickel solubility range to both higher pH values and lower potentials, particularly in acid, neutral, and weak alkaline areas of the diagrams, as a result of destabilization of β-Ni(OH)2, and promotion of a more active behavior of nickel. The effect was enhanced at higher bromide ion activities.
Pitting Corrosion and its Countermeasures for Pressurized Water Reactor Steam Generator Tubes
Authors: Hur D. H. , Choi M. S. , Lee D. H. , Song M. H. , Han J. H. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Pitting corrosion was the primary cause of the Alloy 600 (UNS N06600) steam generator tube degradation in a Korean pressurized water reactor (PWR) plant. Pulled tube examinations and remedial measures were carried out to mitigate the pitting. Based on the destructive examinations, the main causes of pitting corrosion were considered to be the following: accumulated sludge with a high copper content due to corrosion of copper alloys in the secondary system, acidic crevice conditions caused by chloride from condenser leakage, and ingress of air during layup. Countermeasures such as copper alloy replacement, water chemistry control, and chemical cleaning were implemented to mitigate the pitting. Chemical cleaning was evaluated as the most effective.
Role of Wood Extractives in Black Liquor Corrosiveness
Authors: Hazlewood P. E. , Singh P. M. , Hsieh J. S. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
In the pulp and paper industry, variability in the process and wood source may result in highly corrosive waste liquors, called black liquors, from the Kraft pulping process. Prior research has demonstrated corrosion rates of carbon steel in pulp mill equipment ranging from &lt;0.03 mm/y to &gt;2.54 mm/y, depending on the wood species pulped. In this study wood species-dependent corrosion is confirmed and age-dependent corrosion is investigated as a function of organic extractive content. The composition of the organic portion of black liquor depends largely on the wood species used. Organic components come from extractives in the wood chips or are generated from the degradation of lignin and other wood constituents during the pulping process. Depending upon the wood species used, some black liquor constituents have been identified to increase the corrosiveness of black liquors whereas others may act as corrosion inhibitors. Our research demonstrates the importance of operational parameters for wood species and wood chip usage and delivery to downstream process corrosion. Further, results show the importance of water-extracted organics in wood, such as long chain fatty acids, using a novel methodology for the separation of extractives and lignin breakdown products in the testing of black liquor corrosiveness with carbon steel A516-Grade 70 (UNS K02700).
Improved Corrosion Protection of Aluminum Alloys by System Approach Interface Engineering: Part 2—AA2024-T3
Authors: Yu Q. S. , Reddy C. M. , Moffitt C. E. , Wieliczka D. M. , Johnson R. , Deffeyes J. E. , Yasuda H. K. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
This study investigates the development of a chromate-free corrosion protection system for AA2024-T3 ([2B]) based on the concept of system approach interface engineering (SAIE) by chemical and plasma techniques. An anode magnetron-enhanced direct current (DC) cathodic plasma process was used to enhance the bonding to and the protection offered by a cathodically electrodeposited epoxy-based primer (E-coat) on [2B]. Corrosion test results of SO2 and Prohesion salt spray tests indicated that superior corrosion protection properties of [2B] were achieved with the aid of plasma interface engineering, tailoring specific properties of the interfaces. Many of these plasma polymer-enhanced systems on [2B] outperformed the controls used in this study: chromate conversion coated and then primer (Deft 44-GN-36) coated [2B], as well as chromate conversion coated and then cathodic E-coated [2B]. The corrosion protection properties of [2B] were strongly dependent on the surface preparation of the alloy, which was investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Plasma polymer-coated systems prepared on alkaline-cleaned [2B] surfaces displayed enhanced corrosion protection properties.
Preparation of Protective Films Containing Molybdate for Self-Healing of a Scratched Iron Surface
Authors: Aramaki K. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Nonchromate, self-healing films protective against corrosion of Fe were assessed by polymerization of 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane ([C2H5O]3Si[CH2]2-Si(OC2H5]3; BTESE) containing ammonium heptamolybdate ([NH4]6Mo7O244H2O), which was combined tightly with ferric ion (Fe3+) on the surface of an Fe electrode passivated in aerated 0.1 M sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4). After the electrode surface was scratched crosswise with a knife-edge, the electrode was immersed in an aerated 0.1 M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at 30°C for &gt; 4 h, and then polarization curves were measured in the solution potentiodynamically. The anodic process of Fe corrosion was suppressed markedly by passivation of the scratched surface with molybdate ion (MoO42−) oozing from the film and O2 diffusing through the scratch. The surface covered with the film was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy, and electron probe microanalysis.
Comparative Analysis of Electrochemical Noise Generated During Stress Corrosion Cracking of AISI 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Leban M. , Doleček V. , Legat A. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Electrochemical noise measurements were performed on electrodes made from a sample of AISI 304 (UNS S30400) stainless steel. Potential and current noise were measured under open-circuit conditions in a three-electrode system, one of the electrodes being maintained under load and acting as a working electrode. Two types of electrode set-ups were used, which differed according to the method of load application. In the first case, the common electrode was a U-bend test specimen, which was subjected to a static, large, but undefined load. In the second case, it was a tensile test specimen, which was subjected to a gradually increasing load (the slow rate load test [SRLT]). U-bend tests were performed in a concentrated solution of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) at an elevated temperature, test specimens being dismantled and examined daily through a microscope. SRLT were conducted in a dilute solution of sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) at room temperature, with simultaneous electrochemical noise (ECN) and load/elongation measurements. Toward the end of both types of tests, significant simultaneous spikes of voltage and current noise were observed. The spikes detected during SRLT correlated with drops in the applied load and sudden increases in elongation. After the tests were completed, several characteristic ECN time series, referring to both types of test specimen, were subjected to spectral and chaos analysis. Attempts to distinguish between the active cracking and nonactive cracking periods on the basis of the aforementioned types of analysis were unsuccessful since, in the case of the U-bend tests, the events that are typical for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) processes were too rare. In the case of the SRLT, the ECN time series were not stationary, which is a necessary condition for a successful outcome of such analyses.
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Copper in Potable Water Systems—pH Effects
Authors: Webster B. J. , Werner S. E. , Wells D. B. , Bremer P. J. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Copper tubing used in potable water plumbing systems occasionally experiences reactions that lead to the release of copper corrosion by-products into the water. The main factor controlling microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of copper has been identified as a decrease in pH, which in conjunction with the incorporation of bacterially produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the copper oxide film, decreases the protective nature of the film. The biofilm (bacteria and EPS) is believed to have a secondary role to the nature of the oxide film in controlling the rate of corrosion. MIC was produced in laboratory reactors containing copper electrodes exposed to simulated potable water in the presence of a biofilm composed of microorganisms isolated from afield site. In the presence of the biofilm, small but significant reductions in pH occurred—from an initial value of 7.5 to between 6.5 and 6.9. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), it was shown that the presence of a biofilm caused instances of higher corrosion rates similar to those measured in inorganic tests atpH 6.8. Modeling the oxide film as a thin barrier layer covered by a porous layer, EIS data revealed similarities between the oxide structure on samples experiencing MIC to samples exposed in sterile tests at pH 6.8.
Inhibition of Filiform Corrosion on Organic-Coated Aluminum Alloy by Hydrotalcite-Like Anion-Exchange Pigments
Authors: McMurray H. N. , Williams G. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Novel anion-exchange anticorrosion pigments consisting of nitrate-, carbonate-, and chromate-exchanged hydrotalcite (HT) are shown to inhibit the propagation of filiform corrosion (FFC) effectively on organic-coated aluminum alloy 2024-T3 (AA2024-T3 [UNS A92024]) alloy. The HT-pigments are dispersed in polyvinyl butyral (PVB) coatings applied to the AA2024-T3 surface. Following FFC initiation by application of controlled amounts of aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) to a penetrative coating defect, the time-dependent extent of coating delamination is determined both optically and by repeated in-situ scanning using a scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) apparatus. All the HT-pigments profoundly reduce rates of coating delamination by comparison to unpigmented samples. However, inhibitor efficiency is dependent upon the exchangeable anion and increases in the order: carbonate &lt; nitrate &lt; chromate. It is also shown that by using SKP potentiometry, exchangeable chromate anions interact specifically with the metal surface to depress free corrosion potential values.
Corrosion Protection of Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3 by Vanadate Conversion Coatings
Authors: Guan H. , Buchheit R. G. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
In this paper, the formation, chemistry, morphology, and corrosion protection of a new type of inorganic conversion coating is described. This coating, referred to as a vanadate conversion coating (VCC), forms on aluminum alloy substrates in a matter of minutes during simple immersion in aqueous vanadate-based solutions at ambient temperatures. VCCs are yellow in color and conformal across the surface of aluminum alloy 2024-T3 (AA2024-T3 [UNS A92024]) substrates. Auger electron sputter depth profiles and x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy show that VCCs formed by a 3-min immersion are 300 nm to 500 nm thick and consist of a mixture of vanadium oxides and other components in the coating bath. In anodic polarization experiments conducted in aerated chloride solutions, VCCs increase the pitting potential and decrease the rate of oxygen reduction. When characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, VCCs demonstrate a low-frequency impedance between 1 MΩ-cm2 and 2 MΩ-cm2 after 24 h exposure to aerated 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. In salt spray testing conducted according to ASTM B117, VCCs suppress formation of large pits for more than 168 h. VCCs also appear to be self-healing. Analysis of solution in contact with VCCs by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy indicates that vanadate is released into solution upon exposure. Vanadium deposits were identified by x-ray microchemical analysis on a bare alloy substrate held in close proximity to a vanadate conversion-coated surface, and corrosion resistance of this bare surface was observed to increase during exposure. An important component of VCC formation appears to involve inorganic polymerization of V5+, which leads to the buildup of a film that passivates the surface and inhibits corrosion.