bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Detection of Breast Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis Using Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII Targeted Imaging Probes
Authors: Tafreshi Narges K. , Bui Marilyn M. , Bishop Kellsey , Lloyd Mark C. , Enkemann Steven A. , Lopez Alexis S. , Abrahams Dominique , Carter Bradford W. , Vagner Josef , Grobmyer Stephen R. , Gillies Robert J. , Morse David L. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Purpose: To develop targeted molecular imaging probes for the noninvasive detection of breast cancer lymph node metastasis.
Experimental Design: Six cell surface or secreted markers were identified by expression profiling and from the literature as being highly expressed in breast cancer lymph node metastases. Two of these markers were cell surface carbonic anhydrase isozymes (CAIX and/or CAXII) and were validated for protein expression by immunohistochemistry of patient tissue samples on a breast cancer tissue microarray containing 47 normal breast tissue samples, 42 ductal carcinoma in situ, 43 invasive ductal carcinomas without metastasis, 46 invasive ductal carcinomas with metastasis, and 49 lymph node macrometastases of breast carcinoma. Targeted probes were developed by conjugation of CAIX- and CAXII-specific monoclonal antibodies to a near-infrared fluorescent dye.
Results: Together, these two markers were expressed in 100% of the lymph node metastases surveyed. Selectivity of the imaging probes were confirmed by intravenous injection into nude mice-bearing mammary fat pad tumors of marker-expressing cells and nonexpressing cells or by preinjection of unlabeled antibody. Imaging of lymph node metastases showed that peritumorally injected probes detected nodes harboring metastatic tumor cells. As few as 1,000 cells were detected, as determined by implanting, under ultrasound guidance, a range in number of CAIX- and CAXII-expressing cells into the axillary lymph nodes.
Conclusion: These imaging probes have potential for noninvasive staging of breast cancer in the clinic and elimination of unneeded surgery, which is costly and associated with morbidities. Clin Cancer Res; 18(1); 207–19. ©2011 AACR.
hVps37A Status Affects Prognosis and Cetuximab Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wittinger Michael , Vanhara Petr , El-Gazzar Ahmed , Savarese-Brenner Bettina , Pils Dietmar , Anees Mariam , Grunt Thomas W. , Sibilia Maria , Holcmann Martin , Horvat Reinhard , Schemper Michael , Zeillinger Robert , Schöfer Christian , Dolznig Helmut , Horak Peter , Krainer Michael 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Although prognostic and predictive factors in ovarian cancer have been extensively studied for decades, only few have been identified and introduced to clinical practice. Here, we evaluate hVps37A (HCRP1) as a possible novel predictive marker for ovarian cancer. hVps37A was originally described as a member of the membrane-trafficking ESCRT-I complex mediating the internalization and degradation of ubiquitinated membrane receptors.
Experimental Design: We analyzed an ovarian cancer tissue microarray for HCRP1, EGFR, and HER2 expression. We used a tetracycline inducible ovarian cancer cell culture model to show the effects of hVps37A knockdown in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we studied the effects of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors cetuximab and lapatinib on ovarian cancer cells under conditions of hVps37A knockdown.
Results: We find that hVps37A is significantly downregulated in ovarian cancer and modifies the prognostic value of EGFR and HER2 expression. In addition, hVps37A downregulation in ovarian cancer cells leads to cytoplasmic pEGFR retention and hyperactivation of downstream pathways and is associated with enhanced xenograft growth in nude mice and invasion of the collagen matrix. Furthermore, due to subsequent sustained Akt- and MAPK-pathway activation, hVps37A-deficient cells become irresponsive to inhibition by the therapeutic antibody cetuximab.
Conclusion: We propose that hVps37A status could become a novel prognostic and therapeutic marker for EGFR or HER2 driven tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 17(24); 7816–27. ©2011 AACR.
Therapeutic lighting design for the elderly: a review
Authors: Shikder Shariful , Mourshed Monjur , Price Andrew 
Published: October 2011

Aims: Research suggests that specialised lighting design is essential to cater for the elderly users of a building because of reduced visual performance with increased age. This review aims to document what is known of the physical and psychological aspects of lighting and their role in promoting a healthy and safe environment for the elderly. Methods: A methodical review was carried out of published literature on the physical and psychological impacts of light on the elderly. Design standards and guides from professional organizations were evaluated to identify synergies and gaps between the evidence base and current practice. Results: Lighting has been identified as a significant environmental attribute responsible for promoting physical and mental health of the elderly. The evidence related to visual performance was found to be robust. However, guides and standards appeared to have focused mostly on illumination requirements for specific tasks and have lacked detailed guidelines on vertical lighting and luminance design. This review has identified a growing body of evidence on the therapeutic benefits of lighting and its use in treating psychological disorders among the elderly. The experiments using light as a therapy have improved our understanding of the underlying principles, but the integration of therapeutic aspects of lighting in design practice and guidelines is lacking. Conclusions: While design guidelines discuss the physical needs of lighting for the elderly fairly well, they lack incorporation of photobiological impacts. Despite positive outcomes from research, the implementation of therapeutic aspects of lighting in buildings is still debatable due to insufficient relevant investigations and robustness of their findings. Collaborations between designers and physicians can contribute in delivering customised lighting solutions by considering disease types and needs. Further investigation needs to be carried out for translating therapeutic benefits to photometric units to implement them in building lighting design.
Intraoperative radiotherapy electron boost in advanced and recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Gao Ying , Liu Zi , Chen Xi , Luo Wei , Zhang Long , Wang Juan 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Relapses of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) have a poor prognosis and are almost always fatal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome and toxicity of intraoperative electron beam radiation therapy (IOERT) in advanced and recurrent EOC.

Methods
Forty-five women with EOC were treated with IOERT. Twenty-five patients had primary disease (PD) without distant metastasis at IOERT, and 20 patients had an isolated local recurrence (ILR) after surgery. All 45 patients in this series underwent optimal cytoreductive (≤ 1 cm) surgery. The whole pelvic (WP) radiotherapy was intraoperatively delivered using 12 Mev electron beam; 43 patients received 18-20 Gy and two patients received 10 Gy. Thirty-three patients received postoperateive intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy, while seven patients received intravenous (IV) chemotherapy. Five patients refused concurrent chemotherapy. Overall survival (OS) rates were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results
Tumor recurrence and metastasis were observed in 16 patients (35.6%). Of those, 14 patients (31.1%) relapsed and two patients (4.4%) had distant metastasis alone. Eight of 25 (32%) local failures were observed in the PD group, as compared to 6/20 (30%) in the ILR group (P = 0.885). Actuarial local control at five year follow-up was 31/45 (68.9%). Seventeen of the total 45 (37.8%) patients died. Nine of 25 (36%) in the PD group died, as compared to 8 of 20 (40%) in the ILR group. The 5-year OS and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 28/45 (62.2%) and 25/45 (55.6%), respectively. In the PD group, the 5-year OS and DFS rates were 16/25 (64%) and 14/25 (56%) (P > 0.05, vs. the ILR group at 12/20 and 11/20, respectively). The OS and DFS in the IOERT plus IP group were 25/33 (75.8%) and 23/33 (69.7%), respectively, which were superior to the rates achieved with IOERT plus IV chemotherapy (P < 0.05, 2/7 and 1/7, respectively). The major complication of IOERT was neuropathy. Five (11.1%) patients developed peripheral neurotoxicity.

Conclusions
IOERT may be feasible and effective as a boosting technique for advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer. IOERT plus IP chemotherapy may achieve high locoregional disease control and survival benefit with a low risk of toxicity. Peripheral nerves in the IOERT field are dose-limiting structures requiring nerve protection policies or a dose compromise to ensure against severe neurological damage.
Association between substance use and psychosocial characteristics among adolescents of the Seychelles
Authors: Alwan Heba , Viswanathan Bharathi , Rousson Valentin , Paccaud Fred , Bovet Pascal 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the associations between substance use (cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and cannabis use) and psychosocial characteristics at the individual and family levels among adolescents of the Seychelles, a rapidly developing small island state in the African region.MethodsA school survey was conducted in a representative sample of 1432 students aged 11-17 years from all secondary schools. Data came from a self-administered anonymous questionnaire conducted along a standard methodology (Global School-based Health Survey, GSHS). Risk behaviors and psychosocial characteristics were dichotomized. Association analyses were adjusted for a possible classroom effect.ResultsThe prevalence of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and cannabis use was higher in boys than in girls and increased with age. Age-adjusted and multivariate analyses showed that several individual level characteristics (e.g. suicidal ideation and truancy) and family level characteristics (e.g. poor parental monitoring) were associated with substance use among students.ConclusionsOur results suggest that health promotion programs should simultaneously address multiple risk behaviors and take into account a wide range of psychosocial characteristics of the students at the individual and family levels.
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Tualang honey in alkali injury on the eyes of rabbits: Experimental animal study
Authors: Bashkaran Karuppannan , Zunaina Embong , Bakiah Shaharuddin , Sulaiman Siti Amrah , Sirajudeen KNS , Naik Venkatesh 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Background
Alkali injury is one of the most devastating injuries to the eye. It results in permanent unilateral or bilateral visual impairment. Chemical eye injury is accompanied by an increase in the oxidative stress. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents play a major role in the treatment of chemical eye injuries. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory (clinical and histopathological) and antioxidant effects of Tualang honey versus conventional treatment in alkali injury on the eyes of rabbits.

Methods
A preliminary study was carried out prior to the actual study to establish the alkali chemical injury on rabbit's cornea and we found that alkali chemical injury with 2 N NaOH showed severe clinical inflammatory features. In actual study, alkali injury with 2 N NaOH was induced in the right eye of 10 New Zealand White rabbits' cornea. The rabbits were divided into two groups, Group A was given conventional treatment and Group B was treated with both topical and oral Tualang honey. Clinical inflammatory features of the right eye were recorded at 12 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours, 5th day and 7th day post induction of alkali burn on the cornea. The histopathological inflammatory features of the right corneas of all rabbits were also evaluated on day-7. The level of total antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation products in the aqueous humour, vitreous humour and serum at day-7 were estimated biochemically. Fisher's Exact, Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyse the data.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference in clinical inflammatory features (p > 0.05) between honey treated and the conventional treated group at different times of examination. Histopathological examination of the cornea showed the number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes was below 50 for both groups (mild grade). There was also no significant difference in the level of total antioxidant status as well as lipid peroxidation products in aqueous humour (p = 0.117, p = 0.382 respectively), vitreous humour (p = 0.917, p = 0.248 respectively) and serum (p = 0.917, p = 0.332 respectively) between honey treated and the conventional treated group.

Conclusion
Tualang honey has almost the equal effects when compared with the conventional treatment in treating alkali injury on rabbit's eye. Future research with more number of rabbits and control group is warranted to explore the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Tualang honey.
Sheehan's syndrome with pancytopenia: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Fatma Mnif , Mouna Elleuch , Nabila Rekik , Mouna Mnif , Nadia Charfi , Mohamed Abid 
Published: October 2011

Abstract

Introduction
Sheehan's syndrome is defined by varying degrees of anterior pituitary deficiency due to postpartum ischemic necrosis of the pituitary gland after massive bleeding. It is a rare disorder in western countries and even in Tunisia. Hematologic abnormalities such as normochromic anemia have been reported in these patients. However, pancytopenia is rarely observed.

Case presentation
We describe the case of a 48-year-old Tunisian woman with features of hypopituitarism. Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia that was completely reversed after adequate hormone replacement.

Conclusion
Clinicians should consider the possibility of hypopituitarism as a cause of pancytopenia. This is an original case report that is of interest to hematologists, who should be aware of Sheehan's syndrome as a treatable etiology of pancytopenia for women.
Universal screening of Tanzanian HIV‐infected adult inpatients with the serum cryptococcal antigen to improve diagnosis and reduce mortality: an operational study
Authors: Wajanga Bahati MK , Kalluvya Samuel , Downs Jennifer A , Johnson Warren D , Fitzgerald Daniel W , Peck Robert N 
Published: October 2011

BackgroundCryptococcal meningitis is a leading cause of death among HIV‐infected individuals in sub‐Saharan Africa. Recent developments include the availability of intravenous fluconazole, cryptococcal antigen assays and new data to support fluconazole pre‐emptive treatment. In this study, we describe the impact of screening HIV‐positive adult inpatients with serum cryptococcal antigen (CRAG) at a Tanzanian referral hospital.MethodsAll adults admitted to the medical ward of Bugando Medical Centre are counseled and tested for HIV. In this prospective cohort study, we consecutively enrolled HIV‐positive patients admitted between September 2009 and January 2010. All patients were interviewed, examined and screened with serum CRAG. Patients with positive serum CRAG or signs of meningitis underwent lumbar puncture. Patients were managed according to standard World Health Organization treatment guidelines. Discharge diagnoses and in‐hospital mortality were recorded.ResultsOf 333 HIV‐infected adults enrolled in our study, 15 (4.4%) had confirmed cryptococcal meningitis and 10 of these 15 (66%) died. All patients with cryptococcal meningitis had at least two of four classic symptoms and signs of meningitis: fever, headache, neck stiffness and altered mental status. Cryptococcal meningitis accounted for a quarter of all in‐hospital deaths.ConclusionsDespite screening of all HIV‐positive adult inpatients with the serum CRAG at the time of admission and prompt treatment with high‐dose intravenous fluconazole in those with confirmed cryptococcal meningitis, the in‐hospital mortality rate remained unacceptably high. Improved strategies for earlier diagnosis and treatment of HIV, implementation of fluconazole pre‐emptive treatment for high‐risk patients and acquisition of better resources for treatment of cryptococcal meningitis are needed.
Unraveling the ischemic brain transcriptome in a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model by DNA microarray analysis
Authors: Hori Motohide , Nakamachi Tomoya , Rakwal Randeep , Shibato Junko , Nakamura Keisuke , Wada Yoshihiro , Tsuchikawa Daisuke , Yoshikawa Akira , Tamaki Keiji , Shioda Seiji 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARY
Brain ischemia, also termed cerebral ischemia, is a condition in which there is insufficient blood flow to the brain to meet metabolic demand, leading to tissue death (cerebral infarction) due to poor oxygen supply (cerebral hypoxia). Our group is interested in the protective effects of neuropeptides for alleviating brain ischemia, as well as the underlying mechanisms of their action. The present study was initiated to investigate molecular responses at the level of gene expression in ischemic brain tissue. To achieve this, we used a mouse permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (PMCAO) model in combination with high-throughput DNA microarray analysis on an Agilent microarray platform. Briefly, the right (ipsilateral) and left (contralateral) hemispheres of PMCAO model mice were dissected at two time points, 6 and 24 hours post-ischemia. Total RNA from the ischemic (ipsilateral) hemisphere was subjected to DNA microarray analysis on a mouse whole genome 4x44K DNA chip using a dye-swap approach. Functional categorization using the gene ontology (GO, MGD/AMIGO) of numerous changed genes revealed expression pattern changes in the major categories of cellular process, biological regulation, regulation of biological process, metabolic process and response to stimulus. Reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) analysis on randomly selected highly up- or downregulated genes validated, in general, the microarray data. Using two time points for this analysis, major and minor trends in gene expression and/or functions were observed in relation to early- and late-response genes and differentially regulated genes that were further classified into specific pathways or disease states. We also examined the expression of these genes in the contralateral hemisphere, which suggested the presence of bilateral effects and/or differential regulation. This study provides the first ischemia-related transcriptome analysis of the mouse brain, laying a strong foundation for studies designed to elucidate the mechanisms regulating ischemia and to explore the neuroprotective effects of agents such as target neuropeptides.
A Cohort Study to Evaluate Emergency Medicine Ultrasound by Non-Sonographers in Clinical Practice
Authors: McGuinness Alison , Snaith Beverly , Wilson Jean , Wolstenhulme Stephen 
Published: October 2011

Previous research has evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of emergency medicine ultrasound (EMU); however, the literature on clinical governance issues such as the quality of training, competence of the operator, development of clinical guidelines or standard setting within individual trusts is very limited. Although national guidelines have been issued regarding governance of non-radiology performed ultrasound, it is unclear whether the expectations provided within the guidance are being implemented in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical governance and service provision of emergency medicine practitioners who had attended a two-day formal training course on EMU. The method used was a prospective non-randomized study using an electronic questionnaire to 160 clinicians who had attended a two-day EMU course. The questions investigated the clinicians’ EMU clinical practice in their departments including profession, grade, number of scans, types of examinations, equipment used and clinical governance arrangements such as scope of practice, audit, guidelines, support, archiving of reports and images. Responses were obtained from 59 of 160 (37%) delegates. The mean time they had been involved in emergency medicine was 8.31 years. Most (73%) were performing EMU in their current roles. Nearly all (86%) felt that the two-day course had given them adequate training and over half were performing extra examinations to those taught on the course. Only 23 (39%) respondents had supervision in their workplace after the course. Less than half (46%) were aware of national EMU guidelines, and only 22% of respondents indicated there were local clinical guidelines in place. A significant proportion of departments (37%) do not undertake audit. In conclusion, most of the respondents were not aware of the national guidelines around EMU and there was a lack of evidence that clinical governance issues were being enforced by all trusts. Many departments showed a limited use of clinical guidelines, audit regimes or competency assessment.
Molecular Diagnostics of Calcineurin-Related Pathologies
Authors: Musson Ruben E A , Cobbaert Christa M , Smit Nico P M 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase enzyme calcineurin (Cn) (protein phosphatase 3) is best known for its role as director of the adaptive immune response. One of its principal substrates is the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), which translocates to the nucleus after dephosphorylation to mediate gene transcription. Drugs targeting Cn (the Cn inhibitors tacrolimus and cyclosporin A) have revolutionized posttransplantation therapy in allograft recipients by considerably reducing rejection rates.CONTENTOwing primarily to intensive study of the side effects of the Cn inhibitors, the unique importance of Cn and Cn/NFAT signaling in the normal physiological processes of many other cell and tissue types is becoming more evident. During the last decade, it has become clear that an extensive and diverse array of clinical conditions can be traced back, at least in part, to a disturbed Cn-signaling axis. Hence, both diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring could benefit from a technique that conveniently reads out Cn/NFAT operative status.SUMMARYThis review outlines the current knowledge on the pathologic conditions that have calcineurin as a common denominator and reports on the progress that has been made toward successfully applying Cn and Cn/NFAT activity markers in molecular diagnostics.
Hisham Djait über die „Geschichtlichkeit der Verkündigung Muḥammads“
Authors: Sinai Nicolai 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The article briefly examines two recent monographs on the biography of Muḥammad and the genesis of the Qur'ān by the Tunisian historian Hisham Djait. Both the general methodological assumptions of Djait's studies and representative examples of his approach are presented. It is argued that one of Djait's most significant insights consists in his recognition of the necessity of critically juxtaposing the Qur'ānic text with later Islamic amplifications and narrative contextualizations. The article also discusses Djait's use of Western Qur'ān scholarship and his romantically inspired portrayal of Muḥammad as a religious genius.