bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative sugar recovery and fermentation data following pretreatment of poplar wood by leading technologies
Authors: Wyman Charles E. , Dale Bruce E. , Elander Richard T. , Holtzapple Mark , Ladisch Michael R. , Lee Y. Y. , Mitchinson Colin , Saddler John N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThrough a Biomass Refining Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation among Auburn University, Dartmouth College, Michigan State University, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Purdue University, Texas A&M University, the University of British Columbia, and the University of California at Riverside, leading pretreatment technologies based on ammonia fiber expansion, aqueous ammonia recycle, dilute sulfuric acid, lime, neutral pH, and sulfur dioxide were applied to a single source of poplar wood, and the remaining solids from each technology were hydrolyzed to sugars using the same enzymes. Identical analytical methods and a consistent material balance methodology were employed to develop comparative performance data for each combination of pretreatment and enzymes. Overall, compared to data with corn stover employed previously, the results showed that poplar was more recalcitrant to conversion to sugars and that sugar yields from the combined operations of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis varied more among pretreatments. However, application of more severe pretreatment conditions gave good yields from sulfur dioxide and lime, and a recombinant yeast strain fermented the mixed stream of glucose and xylose sugars released by enzymatic hydrolysis of water washed solids from all pretreatments to ethanol with similarly high yields. An Agricultural and Industrial Advisory Board followed progress and helped steer the research to meet scientific and commercial needs. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Cover Picture: Investigation of the Substrate Specificity of Lacticin 481 Synthetase by Using Nonproteinogenic Amino Acids (ChemBioChem 5/2009)
Authors: Levengood Matthew R. , Kerwood Christopher C. , Chatterjee Champak , van der Donk Wilfred A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows the forgiveness of lacticin 481 synthetase with respect to its substrate specificity. This enzyme crosslinks Ser (red) and Cys (blue) residues in its precursor peptide through thioether bonds to generate the lantibiotic lacticin 481. Lantibiotics are currently used worldwide in the food industry, in particular in dairy products. Recent years have seen a growing interest in engineering of lantibiotics for potential use as human therapeutics. Towards this goal, the residues shown in green in the precursor peptide could be replaced by a variety of non‐proteinogenic amino acids, including peptoids and β‐amino acids, without affecting the enzymatic activity of lacticin 481 synthetase. The tolerance of lacticin 481 synthetase holds much promise for branching into lantibiotics with increased biostability. For further details, see the article by W. van der Donk et al. on p. 911 ff.magnified image
Cover Picture: Photo‐Induced Spin Transition of Iron(III) Compounds with π–π Intermolecular Interactions (Chem. Eur. J. 14/2009)
Authors: Hayami Shinya , Hiki Kenji , Kawahara Takayoshi , Maeda Yonezo , Urakami Daisuke , Inoue Katsuya , Ohama Mitsuo , Kawata Satoshi , Sato Osamu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIntroduction of strong intermolecular interactions leads to the observation of the LIESST effect even for iron(III) spin‐crossover (SCO) compounds. For LIESST iron(III) compounds, both stretching and bending modes are considered in the reaction coordinate diagram. The picture depicts the LIESST mechanism in the reaction coordinate diagram considering both stretching and bending modes for SCO iron(III) compounds. For more information see the Full Paper by S. Hayami, O. Sato et al. on page 3497 ff.magnified image
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electro‐Optical Properties of ZnIIComplexes with π‐Conjugated Terpyridine Ligands
Authors: Winter Andreas , Friebe Christian , Chiper Manuela , Schubert Ulrich S. , Presselt Martin , Dietzek Benjamin , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLeading light: A series of zinc(II) bis‐terpyridine complexes (see picture) is investigated by means of DFT calculations combined with Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules. Raman spectroscopy experiments and studies of the electro‐optical properties of the complexes in solution and the solid state are also performed to examine their potential as new emissive materials in light‐emitting devices.magnified imageA series of nine zinc(II) complexes containing substituted 4′‐phenyl‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridines as ligands is synthesized and fully characterized. The ground‐state structures of four examples are calculated by means of DFT and their structural features are confirmed by experimental Raman spectroscopy. Special focus is placed on the degree of π‐electron delocalization between the terpyridine unit and the attached phenyl moiety. Applying Bader’s quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and visualizing the electron‐density distribution by intermolecular Δρplots reveals an increase in ellipticity—and therefore π‐electron delocalization—for phenylvinyl‐substituted derivatives compared to phenylethynyl‐substituted ones. Experimentally, this is verified by spectroscopic means, because an increase in ellipticity goes along with a pronounced decrease of the HOMO–LUMO energy band gap. Overall, the lateral π‐conjugated substituents are found to strongly influence the electro‐optical properties of the complexes. In solution, the color of emission can be modulated from violet to cyan (425–487 nm) and high quantum yields (ΦPLup to 0.60) are observed. Thin solid films of the complexes in a matrix of poly(methyl methacrylate) have been inkjet‐printed, and their photophysical behavior (bright emission,ΦPLup to 0.30) reveals their potential as new emissive materials for applications in light‐emitting devices.
Cover Picture: Copolymerization of Divinylsilyl‐11‐silicotungstic Acid with Butyl Acrylate and Hexanediol Diacrylate: Synthesis of a Highly Proton‐Conductive Membrane for Fuel‐Cell Applications (ChemSusChem 3/2009)
Authors: Horan James L. , Genupur Anitha , Ren Hui , Sikora Benjamin J. , Kuo Mei‐Chen , Meng Fanqin , Dec Steven F. , Haugen Gregory M. , Yandrasits Michael A. , Hamrock Steven J. , Frey Matthew H. , Herring Andrew M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows the structure of the hybrid inorganic–organic polymer polydivinylsilyl‐11‐silicotungstic acid‐co‐butyl acrylate (picture courtesy of Mark T. Lusk, Colorado School of Mines). In their Communication on page 226, A. M. Herring and co‐workers describe the preparation and characterization of this material for the first time as a free‐standing, acidified film, suitable for a proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell. The material phase separates into clusters that exhibit superior proton transport to that observed in standard perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) materials at 100% relative humidity. The materials require less water for proton transport than PFSA materials, pointing to the future potential of these materials for proton conduction under hotter and drier conditions than can currently be used with PFSA ionomers.magnified image
Death and survival of heterozygous Lurcher Purkinje cells In vitro
Authors: Zanjani Hadi S. , McFarland Rebecca , Cavelier Pauline , Blokhin Andrei , Gautheron Vanessa , Levenes Carole , Bambrick Linda L. , Mariani Jean , Vogel Michael W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe differentiation and survival of heterozygous Lurcher (+/Lc) Purkinje cells in vitro was examined as a model system for studying how chronic ionic stress affects neuronal differentiation and survival. The Lurcher mutation in the δ2 glutamate receptor (GluRδ2) converts an orphan receptor into a membrane channel that constitutively passes an inward cation current. In the GluRδ2+/Lc mutant, Purkinje cell dendritic differentiation is disrupted and the cells degenerate following the first week of postnatal development. To determine if the GluRδ2+/Lc Purkinje cell phenotype is recapitulated in vitro, +/+, and +/Lc Purkinje cells from postnatal Day 0 pups were grown in either isolated cell or cerebellar slice cultures. GluRδ2+/+ and GluRδ2+/Lc Purkinje cells appeared to develop normally through the first 7 days in vitro (DIV), but by 11 DIV GluRδ2+/Lc Purkinje cells exhibited a significantly higher cation leak current. By 14 DIV, GluRδ2+/Lc Purkinje cell dendrites were stunted and the number of surviving GluRδ2+/Lc Purkinje cells was reduced by 75% compared to controls. However, treatment of +/Lc cerebellar cultures with 1‐naphthyl acetyl spermine increased +/Lc Purkinje cell survival to wild type levels. These results support the conclusion that the Lurcher mutation in GluRδ2 induces cell autonomous defects in differentiation and survival. The establishment of a tissue culture system for studying cell injury and death mechanisms in a relatively simple system like GluRδ2+/Lc Purkinje cells will provide a valuable model for studying how the induction of a chronic inward cation current in a single cell type affects neuronal differentiation and survival. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009
SELDI‐TOF as a method for biomarker discovery in the urine of aristolochic‐acid‐treated mice
Authors: Huang Feilei , Clifton James , Yang Xinli , Rosenquist Thomas , Hixson Douglas , Kovac Spomenka , Josic Djuro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAristolochic acids (AAs) present in Aristolochia plants are substances responsible for Chinese herbs nephropathy. Recently, strong indications have also been presented, which dietary poisoning with AA is responsible for endemic (Balkan) nephropathy (EN), an enigmatic renal disease that affects rural population living in some countries in Southeastern Europe. A mouse model was applied to follow the effects of two forms of AA, AAI and AAII. SDS‐PAGE and SELDI‐TOF mass spectrometry with normal phase chips were used to evaluate changes in the urine of treated animals. These two methods are demonstrated to be comparable. The use of SELDI‐TOF MS for rapid analysis of a large number of samples and the combination of this method with nano‐LC‐ESI MS/MS for protein identification were demonstrated. Biomarker discovery after analysis of large cohort of EN patients will be the final aim of these investigations.
The use of CE ECL with ionic liquid for the determination of drug alkaloids and applications in human urine
Authors: Liu Yan‐Ming , Tian Wei , Jia Yu‐Xiu , Yue Hai‐Yan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA new approach for the determination of methylephedrine hydrochloride (ME), thebaine, codeine phosphate (CP), and acetylcodeine (AC) was established by CE‐ECL with ionic liquid (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate). The conditions for the CE separation, ECL detection, and the effect of ionic liquid were systematically investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the four analytes were well separated within 8 min using 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as additive in the electrophoretic buffer. The concentration detection limits of ME, thebaine, CP, and AC were 2.1×10−8, 1.4×10−7, 6.3×10−8, and 3.6×10−8 mol/L (S/N=3), respectively. The LOQs (S/N=10) in real human urine samples were 7.6×10−7 mol/L for ME, 3.6×10−6 mol/L for thebaine, 6.5×10−7 mol/L for CP, and 4.6×10−7 mol/L for AC, respectively. The recoveries of four alkaloids at different levels in human urine samples were between 90.0 and 103.5%. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of four drug alkaloids in human urine samples.
Structural plasticity of dentate granule cell mossy fibers during the development of limbic epilepsy
Authors: Danzer Steve C. , He Xiaoping , Loepke Andreas W. , McNamara James O. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAltered granule cell≫CA3 pyramidal cell synaptic connectivity may contribute to the development of limbic epilepsy. To explore this possibility, granule cell giant mossy fiber bouton plasticity was examined in the kindling and pilocarpine models of epilepsy using green fluorescent protein‐expressing transgenic mice. These studies revealed significant increases in the frequency of giant boutons with satellite boutons 2 days and 1 month after pilocarpine status epilepticus, and increases in giant bouton area at 1 month. Similar increases in giant bouton area were observed shortly after kindling. Finally, both models exhibited plasticity of mossy fiber giant bouton filopodia, which contact GABAergic interneurons mediating feedforward inhibition of CA3 pyramids. In the kindling model, however, all changes were fleeting, having resolved by 1 month after the last evoked seizure. Together, these findings demonstrate striking structural plasticity of granule cell mossy fiber synaptic terminal structure in two distinct models of adult limbic epileptogenesis. We suggest that these plasticities modify local connectivities between individual mossy fiber terminals and their targets, inhibitory interneurons, and CA3 pyramidal cells potentially altering the balance of excitation and inhibition during the development of epilepsy. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiological findings of early invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immune‐compromised patients
Authors: Brook OR , Guralnik L , Hardak E , Oren I , Sprecher H , Zuckerman T , Engel A , Yigla M 
Published: March 2009

AbstractData on the radiological features of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in early stages is scanty. Detection of Aspergillus (ASP) species in broncho‐alveolar (BAL) fluid by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enables early diagnosis of IPA. This study describes the radiological features of early stages of IPA. Chest computerized tomography (CT) films of 22 consecutive immune‐compromised patients with IPA diagnosed with the aid of ASP PCR testing from BAL fluid were characterized and compared to that of 18 similar patients diagnosed with traditional bacteriological methods and to data from the literature. It was found that patients diagnosed with the aid of ASP PCR testing tended to have focal disease as manifested by more 11–30 mm nodules with halo (68% vs. 33%, p = 0.04), more focal ground glass (single area 32% vs. 6%, p = 0.05, patchy 32% vs. 0%, p = 0.01) and less diffuse ground glass (0% vs. 22%, p = 0.03), less cavitations (5% vs. 28%, p = 0.05) and less consolidations (segmental 14% vs. 50%, p = 0.02 and diffuse 14% vs. 67%, p = 0.001). It was concluded that the radiological appearance of early IPA diagnosed with the aid of PCR testing included mainly discrete small nodules with halo and focal ground glass, representing the early stage of the disease. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positive interventions in clinical practice
Authors: Rashid Tayyab 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMainstream psychotherapy has made huge strides in treating symptoms and disorders, but it has largely overlooked happiness as a therapeutic goal despite frequently hearing from clients, “Doctor, I want to be happy.” This issue of Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session describes a number of positive interventions for specific clinical problems, such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, loss, grief, and relationship distress. Although the name may suggest it, positive interventions do not imply that rest of psychotherapies are negative. Neither are negatives denied nor minimized. Distinct from self‐help recipes proffering instant changes, positive psychology interventions refer to systematic approaches to overcome challenges by using clients' strengths and assets. A hybrid psychotherapy‐coaching model and strength‐based assessment can ask a client “What is right with you?” All articles are supplemented with rich case illustrations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65: 1–6, 2009.
Strength‐based assessment in clinical practice
Authors: Rashid Tayyab , Ostermann Robert F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStrength‐based assessment can enhance clinical clarity, improve the range of information, and provide a more complete picture of clients and their circumstances. Deficit‐oriented assessment has improved the assessment and treatment of a number of disorders but, at the same time, has created a negative bias, considered strengths as clinical peripheries or by‐products, tended to reduce clients to diagnostic categories, and created a power differential, which could be counterproductive to clinical efficacy. Strength‐based assessment explores weaknesses as well as strengths to effectively deal with problems. We present a number of strength‐based strategies for use in clinical practice. These strategies, we hope, will help clinicians to operationalize how strengths and weaknesses reverberate and contribute to a client's psychological status, which is comprehensive and guards against negative bias. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65: 1–11, 2009.
Mineralisation of the antibiotic amoxicillin in pure and surface waters by artificial UVA‐ and sunlight‐induced Fenton oxidation
Authors: Mavronikola Chariklia , Demetriou Maria , Hapeshi Evroula , Partassides Dora , Michael Costas , Mantzavinos Dionissios , Kassinos Despo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The degradation and mineralisation of the antibiotic amoxicillin by photo‐Fenton reactions, mediated by artificial UVA or solar irradiation, were investigated. Experiments were conducted with 30 mg L−1 amoxicillin solutions prepared with deionised or surface water at Fe2+ and H2O2 concentrations in the range 0.0179–0.0895 and 1–10 mmol L−1, respectively. Black‐light irradiation at 365 nm was provided by a 13 W m−2 lamp, while samples were exposed to sunlight at 20 W m−2 for solar experiments.RESULTS: In all cases, quantitative amoxicillin degradation occurred within 5 min and this was accompanied by lower mineralisation rates. Mineralisation followed first‐order kinetics with respect to organic carbon content and it was not affected by the water matrix with either type of illumination. Solar‐induced reactions were only marginally faster than artificial irradiation. Increasing the H2O2 to Fe2+ concentration ratio increases the extent of mineralisation up to a point beyond which degradation is impeded due to radical scavenging associated with the high concentrations of the Fenton reagents.CONCLUSION: Amoxicillin is readily degradable by homogeneous photocatalysis, being converted to more stable intermediates as indicated by lower mineralisation rates. The process can be driven by solar irradiation, thus providing a sustainable treatment technology. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantitative real‐time PCR assays to detect DNA degradation in soy‐based food products
Authors: Murray Sarah R , Butler Ruth C , Timmerman‐Vaughan Gail M 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based DNA diagnostics have grown in importance for assessing food quality and safety. PCR diagnostic reliability and sensitivity depend on the quality of the DNA extractions, including the extent of DNA degradation and the presence of PCR inhibitors.RESULTS: An approach has been described that quantifies the extent of DNA degradation in soy food samples using anchored real‐time PCR (qPCR) assays that amplify target sequences ranging from < 100 to > 1000 bp, based on two endogenous soy sequences. DNA degradation was quantified for model foods produced in the laboratory (cooked soy meal, tofu) as well as purchased soy‐containing food products. Considerably less than 1% of the total DNA extracted from samples was available for amplification of the longest amplicons (830 and 1022 bp) from the most highly processed food products (e.g., soy‐based infant formula).CONCLUSION: The utility of anchored qPCR assays was demonstrated for characterizing the amount of DNA that is available for amplifying different‐length PCR products from a range of soy‐containing processed food products. This approach should be useful for estimating the amount of amplifiable DNA in food ingredients in cases where food processing has caused degradation of DNA. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Parallel Synthesis of Polymer Libraries Using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)
Authors: Nasrullah Mohammed J. , Webster Dean C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractParallel atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene and t‐butyl acrylate (t‐BA) was investigated. A series of ATRP polymerizations were carried out in parallel with varying targeted molecular weight ($\overline M _{\rm n}$) and showed excellent reproducibility of $\overline M _{\rm n}$, polydispersity, and conversion. In addition, polymerizations were done to determine the effect of inhibitor on styrene polymerization, yielding similar results. In synthesizing a library of polymers having varying $\overline M _{\rm n}$ using ATRP, polymers having lower $\overline M _{\rm n}$ reach their target values earlier and the others continue to react under heating, resulting in peak broadening for the low $\overline M _{\rm n}$ polymers. Reinitiation experiments indicated that termination reactions were taking place resulting in “dead” polymer chains which were unable to reinitiate polymerization.magnified image
Effects of hydrophilic monomer types on poly(styrene‐acrylate)/montmorillonite nanocomposites made by in‐site emulsion polymerization
Authors: Zhang Fa‐Ai , Chen Lin , Ma Ji‐Quan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOrganic modified montmorillonite (OMMT) was made of pristine montmorillonite (MMT) treated with cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Two kinds of nanocomposites, poly(styrene‐acrylate)/MMT (P(S‐A)/MMT) and poly (styrene‐acrylate)/OMMT (P(S‐A)/OMMT) were prepared from styrene (St), hydrophilic acrylate monomer, and MMT (or OMMT) by in‐site emulsion polymerization. Effects of different monomers, β‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), acrylic acid (AA), methacryclic acid (MAA) on the thermal stability of the two nanocomposites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The structures of the nanocomposites were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology of the nanocomposite was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the thermal stabilities of the two composites were enhanced by the addition of HEMA, AA, or MAA. The P(S‐A)/OMMT nanocomposite showed higher thermal stability than that of the P(S‐A)/MMT nanocomposite. In particular, HEMA improved the thermal stability of the P(S‐A)/OMMT nanocomposite, which is more efficient than methacrylic acid (MA) and AA. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic effect of trichostatin A and 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine on growth inhibition of pancreatic endocrine tumour cell lines: A proteomic study
Authors: Cecconi Daniela , Donadelli Massimo , Dalla Pozza Elisa , Rinalducci Sara , Zolla Lello , Scupoli Maria Teresa , Righetti Pier Giorgio , Scarpa Aldo , Palmieri Marta 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOur research group recently reported that pancreatic endocrine cancer cell lines are sensitive to the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA). In the present paper, we show that the combined treatment of pancreatic endocrine tumour cell lines with TSA and the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (DAC) determines a strong synergistic inhibition of proliferation mainly due to apoptotic cell death. Proteomic analysis demonstrates that the modulation of specific proteins correlates with the antiproliferative effect of the drugs. A schematic network clarifies the most important targets or pathways involved in pancreatic endocrine cancer growth inhibition by single or combined drug treatments, which include proteasome, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and caspase related proteins, p53 and Ras related proteins. A comparison between the patterns of proteins regulated by TSA or DAC in endocrine and ductal pancreatic cancer cell lines is also presented.