bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The place of premedication in pediatric practice
Authors: ROSENBAUM ABRAHAM , KAIN ZEEV N. , LARSSON PETER , LÖNNQVIST PER‐ARNE , WOLF ANDREW R. 
Published: August 2009

SummaryBehind the multiple arguments for and against the use of premedication, sedative drugs in children is a noble principle that of minimizing psychological trauma related to anesthesia and surgery. However, several confounding factors make it very difficult to reach didactic evidence‐based conclusions. One of the key confounding issues is that the nature of expectations and responses for both parent and child vary greatly in different environments around the world. Studies applicable to one culture and to one hospital system (albeit multicultural) may not apply elsewhere. Moreover, the study of hospital‐related distress begins at the start of the patient’s journey and ends long after hospital discharge; it cannot be focused completely on just the moment of anesthetic induction. Taking an example from actual practice experience, the trauma caused by the actual giving of a premedication to a child who absolutely does not want it and may struggle may not be recorded in a study but could form a significant component of overall effect and later psychological pathology. Clearly, attitudes by health professionals and parents to the practice of routine pediatric premedication, vary considerably, often provoking strong opinions. In this pro–con article we highlight two very different approaches to premedication. It is hoped that this helps the reader to critically re‐evaluate a practice, which was universal historically and now in many centers is more selective.
A systematic review on advancement flaps for rectovaginal fistula in Crohn’s disease: transrectal vs transvaginal approach
Authors: Ruffolo C. , Scarpa M. , Bassi N. , Angriman I. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAim  Despite advances in the treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD), the treatment of rectovaginal (RV) fistula remains challenging. Transrectal (RAF) and transvaginal advancement flaps (VAF) represent two possible alternative surgical approaches to this problem. The study aims to review and compare the results of these approaches for RV fistula in CD.Method  Medical databases from January 1983 to August 2008 were consulted for potentially relevant publications. All studies dealing with the RV fistula repair in CD with RAF or VAF were included. Two researchers worked independently on the study selection, quality assessment, data extraction and analysis phases of the study. Analyses were performed with Review Manager 2.0 software.Results  Eleven observational studies were included with a total of 219 flap procedures for RV fistula. The primary fistula closure pooled rate was 54.2% (range 33.3–100%) after RAF and 69.4% (range 0–92.9%) after VAF (P = 0.13). Four studies were eligible for direct comparison between the two procedures. No clearly significant difference between RAF compared with VAF in terms of primary fistula closure rate, nor in terms of overall fistula closure rate, was apparent. The risk of recurrence after RAF compared with VAF seemed similar; in this case, only two studies were taken into consideration.Conclusions  Although limited by a small number of studies of low clinical evidence level, this systematic review suggests that there is no significant difference in terms of outcome between RAF and VAF for RV fistula in CD.
Developmental profiles for multiple object tracking and spatial memory: typically developing preschoolers and people with Williams syndrome
Authors: O’Hearn Kirsten , Hoffman James E. , Landau Barbara 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe ability to track moving objects, a crucial skill for mature performance on everyday spatial tasks, has been hypothesized to require a specialized mechanism that may be available in infancy (i.e. indexes). Consistent with the idea of specialization, our previous work showed that object tracking was more impaired than a matched spatial memory task in individuals with Williams syndrome (WS), a genetic disorder characterized by severe visuo‐spatial impairment. We now ask whether this unusual pattern of performance is a reflection of general immaturity or of true abnormality, possibly reflecting the atypical brain development in WS. To examine these two possibilities, we tested typically developing 3‐ and 4‐year‐olds and people with WS on multiple object tracking (MOT) and memory for static spatial location. The maximum number of objects that could be correctly tracked or remembered (estimated from the k‐statistic) showed similar developmental profiles in typically developing 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children, but the WS profile differed from either age group. People with WS could track more objects than 3‐year‐olds, and the same number as 4‐year‐olds, but they could remember the locations of more static objects than both 3‐ and 4‐year‐olds. Combining these data with those from our previous studies, we found that typically developing children show increases in the number of objects they can track or remember between the ages of 3 and 6, and these increases grow in parallel across the two tasks. In contrast, object tracking in older children and adults with WS remains at the level of 4‐year‐olds, whereas the ability to remember multiple locations of static objects develops further. As a whole, the evidence suggests that MOT and memory for static location develop in tandem typically, but not in WS. Atypical development of the parietal lobe in people with WS could play a causal role in the abnormal, uneven pattern of performance in WS. This interpretation is consistent with the idea that multiple object tracking engages different mechanisms from those involved in memory for static object location, and that the former can be particularly disrupted by atypical development.
Calbindin‐1 association and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Soto‐Ortolaza A. I. , Behrouz B. , Wider C. , Vilariño‐Güell C. , Heckman M. G. , Aasly J. O. , Mark Gibson J. , Lynch T. , Jasinska‐Myga B. , Krygowska‐Wajs A. , Opala G. , Barcikowska M. , Czyzewski K. , Uitti R. J. , Wszolek Z. K. , Farrer M. J. , Ross O. A. 
Published: August 2009

Background and purpose:  Calcium levels have been proposed to play an important role in the selective vulnerability of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recently, an association was reported between the calcium buffer, calbindin (rs1805874) and risk of PD in a Japanese patient–control series.Methods:  We genotyped rs1805874 in four independent Caucasian patient–control series (1543 PD patients, 1771 controls).Results:  There was no evidence of an association between rs1805874 and disease risk in individual populations or in the combined series (odds ratio: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.82–1.31, P = 0.74).Discussion:  Our study shows there is no association between rs1805874 and risk for PD in four Caucasian populations. This suggests the effect of calbindin on PD risk displays population specificity.
Democratic Refusal in Iran
Authors: EBADI SHIRIN 
Published: August 2009

The Iranian revolution—the political realization of the “Great Refusal” of Western modernization—was a direct consequence a half century later of the forced secularization of the Ottoman Caliphate by Kemal Ataturk. With the superstructure of the Muslim ummah dismantled and replaced by the Turkish nation state, insurgent religious movements, from the (Sunni) Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt to the Shiite imams of Qum and Najaf, moved into the vacuum to reclaim Islam from the shadow of Western dominance.Now, history is turning again. Iran has been seized by violent turmoil as it seeks to reconcile democracy and religious rule. Secular Turkey is governed by an Islamist‐rooted party. As they struggle to regain their balance, the global economic meltdown threatens a convergence against globalization that joins the Islamist resistance with populist backlashes elsewhere.Two legendary intelligence agents, a Hezbollah leader, an Iranian dissident philosopher and Shirin Ebadi, the Iranian human rights lawyer and Nobel Laureate, examine this historical turn.
Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction Following Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Merriman Charles S. , Kalbfleisch Norm D. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThrombolytic therapy was administered to a 64‐year‐old man with an acute anterolateral myocardial infarction who had received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for 24 minutes. At the time of thrombolytic therapy, the patient was alert and without clinical or radiographic evidence of injury. The patient developed a retroperitoneal hematoma related to femoral line placement, as well as subcutaneous bruising of the anterior chest wall; both were self‐limited. No long‐term morbidity developed, and the myocardial infarction was aborted. The use of thrombolytic therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction who have received CPR is reviewed. In the absence of clinical or radiographic evidence of trauma from CPR, patients with acute myocardial infarction should not be excluded from receiving thrombolytic therapy solely because of having had CPR or the duration of CPR.
Early versus Delayed Loading of Mandibular Implant‐Supported Overdentures: 5‐Year Results
Authors: Turkyilmaz Ilser , Tözüm Tolga F. , Tumer Celal 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTBackground and purpose: Because of poor retention of complete removable dentures for edentulous patients, implant‐supported mandibular overdentures have lately become a popular alternative for them. The aims of this prospective study were to evaluate treatment outcomes of mandibular overdentures supported by two unsplinted early‐loaded implants and compare these results with those for delayed‐loaded implants.Materials and methods: A total of 26 edentulous patients were treated with two unsplinted implants supporting a mandibular overdenture. All implants were placed in the canine regions of each mandible according to the one‐stage surgical protocol. There were two groups: test group, in which the overdenture was connected 1 week after surgery, and control group, in which the overdenture was connected 3 months after surgery. Standardized clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at surgery, and after 3, 6, 12, and 18 months, and 2, 3, 4, and 5 years.Results: No implants were lost, and 0.93 ± 0.3 mm marginal bone resorption was noted for all implants after 5 years. Clinical implant stability measurements, clinical peri‐implant parameters, and marginal bone resorptions showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups over 5 years.Conclusion: The results of this prospective clinical study suggest that there is no significant difference in the clinical and radiographic state of patients treated with implant supported mandibular overdentures loaded either 1 week or 3 months after surgery.
Clinical Experience of TiUnite™ Implants: A 5‐year Cross‐Sectional, Retrospective Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Friberg Bertil , Jemt Torsten 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: Little is known of the long‐term clinical and radiographic performance of moderately rough surface implants.Purpose: The aim of the present retrospective investigation was to study two pioneer cohorts of patients, that is, the first patients to receive Brånemark System® implants with a moderately rough surface (TiUnite™, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) at the present clinic. TiUnite implants were inserted either in compromised bone sites in a mixed‐mouth concept together with turned implants or used solely. Patients were followed up over a period of 5 years with regard to implant survival and the marginal bone response.Materials and Methods: Patients who received both implant types (mixed group) comprised 41 subjects, and the second group (TiUnite group) comprised 70 subjects. A total of 110 turned and 68 TiUnite implants were placed in the mixed group, and 212 TiUnite implants in the TiUnite group. Follow‐up radiographs were obtained at prosthesis placement and at the 1‐ and 5‐year check‐ups, and examined by independent observers.Results: One turned (0.9%) and two TiUnite (2.9%) implants failed in the mixed group, and three implants (1.6%) failed in the TiUnite group, indicating no significant differences between surfaces or groups (p < .05). The mean marginal bone loss at 5 years was 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm, also indicating no significant differences for the two implant types tested in the mixed group.Conclusions: Cumulative survival rates for the two implant surfaces were favorable at 5 years, and the marginal bone loss was low and similar for both implant surfaces.
Clinical Pathology Alterations in Pregnant and Non‐Pregnant Rats following Scorpion Envenomation
Authors: Nasr Hmed Ben , Bolon Brad , Hammami Serria Turky , Sahnoun Zouhier , Jamoussi Kamel , Lahyani Amina , Zeghal Khaled Mounir 
Published: August 2009

Abstract:  Scorpion envenomation is a growing problem in many countries, especially among women and children. Existing diagnostic criteria are not sufficiently specific to allow antivenin administration in the absence of a confirmed scorpion sting. This study was performed to evaluate conventional haematological and serum chemical measurements as potential indices of scorpion envenomation. Adult, cycling nulliparous and near‐term primiparous, white Wistar rats received a single subcutaneous injection of crude venom (600 µg/kg) from the Buthidae scorpion (Buthus occitanus tunetanus). All envenomed rats were observed for external signs and symptoms of toxicity until necropsy, which entailed terminal blood collection at either 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 hr after venom administration (n = 6 per reproductive state per time‐point) for evaluation of selected clinical chemistry and haematological analytes. Control cohorts (matched for age and reproductive state) received saline injections subcutaneously and were necropsied at 0.5 hr. Almost all envenomed rats but no control animals displayed physical symptoms of intoxication, including agitation, mastication with hypersalivation, and/or vocalizing. Reproducible alterations in clinical pathology parameters were lacking in venom‐treated rats regardless of reproductive status, although modest but significant Rho correlations suggested that mild haemoconcentration, haemolysis, renal function deficits and possibly coagulation difficulties developed over time.
Quantitative Trait Loci for Panicle Layer Uniformity Identified in Doubled Haploid Lines of Rice in Two Environments
Authors: Ma Liangyong , Bao Jinsong , Guo Longbiao , Zeng Dali , Li Ximing , Ji Zhijuan , Xia Yingwu , Yang Changdeng , Qian Qian 
Published: August 2009

Abstract Uniformity of stem height in rice directly affects crop yield potential and appearance, and has become a vital index for rice improvement. In the present study, a doubled haploid (DH) population, derived from a cross between japonica rice Chunjiang 06 and indica rice TN1 was used to analyze the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for three related traits of panicle‐layer‐uniformity; that is, the tallest panicle height, the lowest panicle height and panicle layer disuniformity in two locations: Hangzhou (HZ) and Hainan (HN). A total of 16 QTLs for three traits distributed on eight chromosomes were detected in two different environments. Two QTLs, qTPH‐4 and qTPH‐8 were co‐located with the QTLs for qLPH‐4 and qLPH‐8, which were only significant in the HZ environment, whereas the qTPH‐6 and qLPH‐6 located at the same interval were only significant in the HN environment. Two QTLs, qPLD‐10‐1 and qPLD‐10‐2, were closely linked to qTPH‐10, and they might have been at the same locus. One QTL, qPLD‐3, was detected in both environments, explaining more than 23% of the phenotypic variations. The CJ06 allele of qPLD‐3 could increase the panicle layer disuniformity by 9.23 and 4.74 cm in the HZ and HN environments. Except for qPLD‐3, almost all other QTLs for the same trait were detected only in one environment, indicating that these three traits were dramatically affected by environmental factors. The results may be useful for elucidation of the molecular mechanism of panicle‐layer‐uniformity and marker assisted breeding for super‐rice.
Heteroblastic Development and Shade‐avoidance in Response to Blue and Red Light Signals in Acacia implexa
Authors: Forster Michael A. , Bonser Stephen P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInformation from blue (400–500 nm) and red (660–730 nm) wavelengths is used by plants to determine proximity of neighbors or actual shading. Plants undergo trait changes in order to out‐compete neighbors or accommodate shading. Heteroblasty, the dramatic shift from one leaf type to another during juvenility, can be influenced by the light environment although it is unknown whether cues from blue or red (or both) are driving the developmental process. Seedlings of three populations of Acacia implexa (Mimosaceae) collected from low, medium and high rainfall habitats were grown in a factorial design of high/low blue and red light to determine how light signals affect heteroblasty and patterns of biomass allocation. Low blue light significantly delayed heteroblasty in the low rainfall population and low red light significantly delayed in the low and high rainfall populations. Low blue light increased stem elongation and decreased root biomass whereas low red light induced a strong shade‐avoidance response. These results were consistent across populations although the low rainfall population showed greater trait variability in response to red light signals. We conclude that red light conveys a greater information signal than blue light that affects heteroblasty and seedling development in A. implexa.
Simple enzymatic procedure for l‐carnosine synthesis: whole‐cell biocatalysis and efficient biocatalyst recycling
Authors: Heyland Jan , Antweiler Nicolai , Lutz Jochen , Heck Tobias , Geueke Birgit , Kohler Hans‐Peter E. , Blank Lars M. , Schmid Andreas 
Published: August 2009

Summary β‐Peptides and their derivates are usually stable to proteolysis and have an increased half‐life compared with α‐peptides. Recently, β‐aminopeptidases were described as a new enzyme class that enabled the enzymatic degradation and formation of β‐peptides. As an alternative to the existing chemical synthesis routes, the aim of the present work was to develop a whole‐cell biocatalyst for the synthesis and production of β‐peptides using this enzymatic activity. For the optimization of the reaction system we chose the commercially relevant β,α‐dipeptide l‐carnosine (β‐alanine‐l‐histidine) as model product. We were able to show that different recombinant yeast and bacteria strains, which overexpress a β‐peptidase, could be used directly as whole‐cell biocatalysts for the synthesis of l‐carnosine. By optimizing relevant reaction conditions for the best‐performing recombinant Escherichia coli strain, such as pH and substrate concentrations, we obtained high l‐carnosine yields of up to 71%. Long‐time as well as biocatalyst recycling experiments indicated a high stability of the developed biocatalyst for at least five repeated batches. Application of the recombinant E. coli in a fed‐batch process enabled the accumulation of l‐carnosine to a concentration of 3.7 g l−1.
Increased Susceptibility to Skin Carcinogenesis in TREX2 Knockout Mice
Authors: Parra David , Manils Joan , Castellana Bàrbara , Viña-Vilaseca Arnau , Morán-Salvador Eva , Vázquez-Villoldo Nuria , Tarancón Gemma , Borràs Miquel , Sancho Sara , Benito Carmen , Ortega Sagrario , Soler Concepció 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
TREX2 is a proofreading 3′-5′ exonuclease that can be involved in genome maintenance; however, its biological role remains undefined. To better understand the function and physiologic relevance of TREX2, we generated mice deficient in TREX2 by targeted disruption of its unique coding exon. The knockout mice are viable and do not show relevant differences in growth, survival, lymphocyte development, or spontaneous tumor incidence compared with their wild-type counterparts over a period of up to 2 years. Also, we did not observe chromosomal instability or defects in cell proliferation and cell cycle upon loss of TREX2. We have observed that TREX2 expression is not ubiquitous, being expressed preferentially in tissues with stratified squamous epithelia, such as the skin or esophagus, and specifically in keratinocytes. Interestingly, TREX2-null mice are more susceptible to skin carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) compared with wild-type mice. This phenotype correlates with a reduction of DMBA-induced apoptosis in both the epidermis and keratinocytes of TREX2-null mice. Altogether, our results suggest a tumor suppressor role for TREX2 in skin carcinogenesis through which it contributes to keratinocyte apoptosis under conditions of genotoxic stress. [Cancer Res 2009;69(16):6676–84]
Unwelcome Complement
Authors: Markiewski Maciej M. , Lambris John D. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
For decades, the complement system has been recognized as an effector arm of the innate immunity system that contributes to the destruction of tumor cells. However, recent studies have challenged this paradigm by demonstrating that a complement component, the anaphylatoxin C5a, promotes the growth of malignant tumors in a mouse model of cervical carcinoma. The effect of C5a on tumor growth was associated with the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells to tumors, followed by the activation of these cells. These unexpected findings identify the complement system as a potential new target for anticancer immunotherapy. [Cancer Res 2009;69(16):6367–70]
Folk Literature among Sephardic Bourgeois Women at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Díaz-Mas Paloma 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFolklorists, philologists and ethnomusicologists have emphasized the important role of women for the preservation of Sephardic folklore and traditional literature in the twentieth century. Many scholars accept that Sephardic women who knew and performed folklore where almost illiterate and belonged to lower classes. This article intends to show that at the beginning of the twentieth century, some bourgeois, middle-class Sephardic women, although they had a very Western, modern life style, knew and appreciated the intangible heritage of Sephardic folklore that they had received handed down from their mothers and grandmothers. Those considerations are based on the information and comments about folklore and folksongs contained in the letters of affluent Sephardic Jews who maintained correspondence with Angel Pulido, a Spanish doctor and senator who in 1904 started a political campaign to strenghten ties and relations between Spain and the Sephardic Jews.
Personal Historical Narrative Shaping the Past and the Present
Authors: Rosen Ilana 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe twentieth century proved to be a fateful era for the majority of European Jewry, who experienced prosperity and emancipation, persecution and destruction, and rehabilitation in their newly founded state or in the West. Based on several research projects, the present essay examines the narrative responses of formerly Austro-Hungarian Jews (presently Israelis and Hungarians) to these events and processes. In addition to telling their personal experiences, some of them also wish to confront generally accepted views and images of their past lives and communities in the inter-war period and—more acutely—in WWII and the Holocaust. The essay reads their contentions on the background of historical and literary-cultural research and vice-versa, thus enabling these narrators to voice disagreements and grievances that are otherwise rarely heard. The essay likewise highlights the function of personal narrative, as part of folkloric repertoire, and its study in enriching research and public awareness with less known and exposed people and experiences.