bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Enhanced Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers-Based Interior Point Method for Linear and Conic Optimization
Authors: Deng Qi , Feng Qing , Gao Wenzhi , Ge Dongdong , Jiang Bo , Jiang Yuntian , Liu Jingsong , Liu Tianhao , Xue Chenyu , Ye Yinyu , Zhang Chuwen 
Published: May 2024

The alternating-direction-method-of-multipliers-based (ADMM-based) interior point method, or ABIP method, is a hybrid algorithm that effectively combines interior point method (IPM) and first-order methods to achieve a performance boost in large-scale linear optimization. Different from traditional IPM that relies on computationally intensive Newton steps, the ABIP method applies ADMM to approximately solve the barrier penalized problem. However, similar to other first-order methods, this technique remains sensitive to condition number and inverse precision. In this paper, we provide an enhanced ABIP method with multiple improvements. First, we develop an ABIP method to solve the general linear conic optimization and establish the associated iteration complexity. Second, inspired by some existing methods, we develop different implementation strategies for the ABIP method, which substantially improve its performance in linear optimization. Finally, we conduct extensive numerical experiments in both synthetic and real-world data sets to demonstrate the empirical advantage of our developments. In particular, the enhanced ABIP method achieves a 5.8× reduction in the geometric mean of run time on 105 selected linear optimization instances from Netlib, and it exhibits advantages in certain structured problems, such as support vector machine and PageRank. However, the enhanced ABIP method still falls behind commercial solvers in many benchmarks, especially when high accuracy is desired. We posit that it can serve as a complementary tool alongside well-established solvers. History: Accepted by Antonio Frangioni, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Continuous. Funding: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72394360, 72394364, 72394365, 72225009, 72171141, and 72150001] and by the Program for Innovative Research Team of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0017 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0017 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Land-use change and habitat fragmentation of Leopardus pardalis in Highlands of Puebla, Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Pérez Ezequiel , Lemos Rincón Sergio Gilmar , Ayala-Hernández María M. , Aleman-Sancheschúlz Gilberto 
Published: May 2024

Ocelots are relatively tolerant to habitat modification. However, it has been observed that they may be sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation as a result of human development. The Sierra Norte de Puebla is considered a potential habitat for ocelots and other tropical felines. However, it has suffered heavy loss and fragmentation of its natural ecosystems, which considerably affects habitat availability and quality. This study analyzed the land-use changes and habitat fragmentation in the distribution range of the ocelot in the Sierra Norte de Puebla, Mexico, from 1993 to 2020. Habitat suitability was determined using potential distribution models and vegetation and land-use maps from 1993, 2003, and 2020, obtained using supervised classification of Landsat images. The resulting maps were reclassified in terms of the habitat suitability for Leopardus pardalis according to their quality. Land-use changes and habitat loss were quantified with a transition matrix, and fragmentation was assessed using the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis tool of the program GUIDOS. These habitat fragments were quantified using the integral index of connectivity with the CONEFOR Sensinode program. We estimated that 22.2 % of the study area has suitable conditions for ocelots. From 1993 to 2020, the area covered by natural vegetation decreased 16 % at an annual rate of -2.4 %. During this period, the mean fragment size and shape index decreased; on the other hand, the number of fragments and the Euclidean distance between fragments increased. The percentages of edge, branch, and islet vegetation dropped from 1993 to 2003 but increased in 2020. The connectivity analysis indicated that two habitat fragments showed high values of the integral index of connectivity. The increase in anthropogenic cover and the habitat loss for L. pardalis between 1993 and 2020 affected mainly vegetation fragments considered optimal for the persistence of this species. In these ecosystems, agricultural and livestock practices are expanding vigorously, increasing edge habitats and decreasing the core area of habitat fragments. The areas that recorded the presence of ocelots have optimum conditions to serve as biological corridors in the Sierra Madre Oriental, particularly in the portion of the Sierra Norte de Puebla. The fragmentation of the ocelot habitat is of particular concern and should be addressed strategically for the long-term conservation of the ocelot and regional biodiversity.
Trauma and orthopaedic higher specialty trainee operating during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Akehurst H , Thomas S 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on training in trauma and orthopaedic surgery owing to redeployment and reductions in both trauma referrals and elective service provision. While trainee surveys have reported reduced operative experience during this period, the case deficit has not previously been quantified. METHODS An analysis was undertaken of surgical logbooks from trauma and orthopaedic registrars in the Severn Deanery. A predictive model of pre-COVID monthly cases was fitted using trainee grade, hospital, subspecialty, clinical commitment and time of the year. This model was used to predict expected monthly cases for trainees’ post-COVID rotations, which were compared with the cases actually performed. A similar analysis was undertaken to assess primary surgeon operating. RESULTS A total of 28,998 cases performed by 34 registrars between 2015 and 2021 were analysed. The COVID-19 pandemic led to an immediate and profound reduction in trainee operating, which had not fully recovered by September 2021. The average deficit accumulated over the 18 months following the onset of the pandemic was 87 cases. The accumulated deficit in trainee operating corresponds to 3–4 months of work at 300 cases per year. Deficits were accrued unequally between hospitals and subspecialties, indicating that recovery efforts will need to be individualised according to trainee experience during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Action is urgently required not only to restore operative training in trauma and orthopaedic surgery but also to compensate for the deficit during the current training cycle.
Perceptions of Inclusion in an Informal Education Setting
Authors: Neil Nicole , Ibrahim Israa , Withers Abigail , Dimos Tatiana 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Informal education settings are spaces where learning takes place outside of formal classrooms and include museums, zoos, and science centers. People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) continue to experience barriers to inclusion in such community spaces. This study investigated stakeholder perspectives on inclusion at a children’s museum. Thirteen stakeholders, including families with and without children with IDD and staff members, were asked, “What does inclusion at the children’s museum look like?” Participants then engaged in group concept mapping and multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to analyze the data. A seven-cluster solution was obtained reflecting the themes of inclusive learning, representation and inclusion, physical accessibility, targeted accommodations, supportive staff, universal design, and functionality. Ideas from the concept map may support informal education settings in designing inclusive spaces and experiences for people with IDD.
The impact of post-stroke fatigue on inpatient rehabilitation outcomes: An observational study
Authors: Zeng Hongji , Yang Jiaying , Wu Junfa , Ding Yu , Yuan Shuya , Wang Rui , Zhao Weijia , Zeng Xi 
Published: May 2024

Background
Post-stroke fatigue is a typical complication following stroke. However, existing research primarily focused on its underlying mechanisms, and its impact on rehabilitation outcomes has yet to be uncovered.

Objective
This study aims to explore the impact of post-stroke fatigue on rehabilitation outcomes during hospitalization.

Method
This was a prospective multicenter observational study including 46 stroke patients receiving comprehensive rehabilitation treatment. Patients’ basic information was recorded upon admission and patients’ functional independence was assessed with Functional Independence Measure (FIM) both upon admission and discharge. One week after rehabilitation treatment, fatigue, positivity in daily activity, attention, and memory were assessed. Serum biochemical indicators and levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed weekly following admission. The pain scores were assessed during the first week of hospitalization to calculate the average. Correlation analysis, linear regression and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to analyze the impact of fatigue on FIM scores at discharge and length of hospital stay.

Result
The proportion of patients with low fatigue was 39.13% and significant improvement was revealed in FIM scores upon admissions and discharge [(50.67±18.61) vs. (75.13±21.04), P<0.05]. Positivity in daily activity, attention, and age are factors that influence post-stroke fatigue. After PSM, low-fatigue group (Fatigue score< 3) showed significant higher motor function independence at discharge [(54.39 ± 15.42) vs. (41.89 ± 14.90), P<0.05] and shorter hospital stay [(28.54±9.13)d vs. (37.32 ± 9.81)d, P<0.05] than high-fatigue group. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in level of CRP between the first inpatient week and the third week, with declining trend.

Conclusion
Post-stroke fatigue can affect the rehabilitation outcomes regarding motor function independence and length of hospital stay.
Prognostic factors of first intimate partner violence among ever-married women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Gompertz gamma shared frailty modeling
Authors: Seifu Beminate Lemma , Asebe Hiowt Altaye , Legesse Bruck Tesfaye , Mulaw Getahun Fentaw , Tebeje Tsion Mulat , Mare Kusse Urmale 
Published: May 2024

Background
Violence against women, particularly intimate partner violence, is a significant Concern for public health as well as a violation of the human rights of women especially in low and middle-income countries. However, there was limited evidence how soon an ever-married women experience intimate partner violence in Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the timing of first intimate partner violence (FIPV) among ever-married women in 30 SSA countries and to identify the risk factors of the timing.

Methods
The present study has utilized 125,731 weighted samples, who participated in the domestic violence module of the survey from Demographic and Health Surveys of 30 SSA countries. The Gompertz gamma shared frailty model was fitted to determine the predictors. For model evaluation, the theta value, Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and deviance were used. The Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported in the multivariable Gompertz gamma shared frailty model to highlight the strength and statistical significance of the associations.

Result
One-third (31.02%) of ever-married women had reported experiencing IPV. The overall incidence rate of FIPV was 57.68 persons per 1000 person-years (95% CI = 50.61–65.76). Age at marriage, age difference, educational status, employment, residence, women’s decision-making autonomy, husband who drink alcohol and wealth status were significantly associated with the timing of FIPV.

Conclusion
The findings show that ever-married women are at high and increasing risk of violence. Thus, we recommend establishing effective health and legal response services for IPV, strengthening laws governing the sale and purchase of alcohol, empowering women, raising the educational attainment of women, and putting policies in place to combat the culture of societal tolerance for IPV all contribute to the empowerment of women.
Venovenous bypass in adult liver transplant recipients: A single-center observational case series
Authors: Weinberg Laurence , Caragata Rebecca , Hazard Riley , Ludski Jarryd , Lee Dong-Kyu , Slifirski Hugh , Nugraha Patrick , Do Daniel , Zhang Wendell , Nicolae Robert , Kaldas Peter , Fink Michael A. , Perini Marcos V. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Very little information is currently available on the use and outcomes of venovenous bypass (VVB) in liver transplantation (LT) in adults in Australia. In this study, we explored the indications, intraoperative course, and postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent VVB in a high-volume LT unit.

Methods
The study was a single-center, retrospective observational case series of adult patients who underwent VVB during LT at Austin Health in Melbourne, Australia between March 2008 and March 2022. Information on baseline preoperative status and intraoperative variables, including specific VVB characteristics as well as postoperative and VVB-related complications was collected. The lengths of intensive care unit and hospital stays as well as intraoperative and in-hospital mortality were recorded.

Results
Of the 900 LTs performed at this center during the aforementioned 14-year period, 27 (3%) included a VVB procedure. VVB was performed electively in 16 of these 27 patients (59.3%) and as a rescue technique to control massive bleeding in the other 11 (40.1%). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of those who underwent VVB procedures was 48 (39–55) years; the median age was 56 (47–62) years in the non-VVB group (p<0.0001). The median model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores were similar between the two patient groups. Complete blood data was available for 622 non-VVB patients. Twenty-six VVB (96.3%) and 603 non-VVB (96.9%) patients required intraoperative blood transfusions. The median (IQR) number of units of packed red blood cells transfused was 7 (4.8–12.5) units in the VVB group compared to 3.0 units (1.0–6.0) in the non-VVB group (p<0.0001). Inpatient mortality was 18.5% and 1.1% for the VVB and non-VVB groups, respectively (p<0.0001). There were no significant differences in length of hospital stay or incidence of acute kidney injury, primary graft dysfunction, or long-term graft failure between the two groups. Patients in the VVB group experienced a higher rate of postoperative non-anastomotic biliary stricture compared to patients in the non-VVB group (33% and 7.9%, respectively; p = 0.0003).

Conclusions
VVB continues to play a vital role in LT. This case series highlights the heightened risk of major complications linked to VVB. However, the global transition to selective use of VVB underscores the urgent need for collaborative multi-center studies designed to address outstanding questions and parameters related to the safe implementation of this procedure.
Association between sociodemographics and change in alcohol or tobacco use behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Habtemariam Selam , Hery Chloe M. , Zhang Xiaochen , Yu Mengda , Mays Darren , Adeyanju Toyin , Bernardo Brittany , Paskett Electra D. ,   for the Impact of COVID-19 on Behaviors across the Cancer Control Continuum in Ohio group
Published: May 2024

Objective
To examine the association between various sociodemographic factors with alcohol and tobacco use behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Participants from Ohio and Indiana were asked to participate in the ‘Impact of COVID-19 on the Cancer Continuum Consortium’ study (N = 32,989) from June–November 2020. Those who completed the survey and responded to key study questions were included (n = 5,374). Participants were asked about the frequency and type of alcohol and tobacco product used. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine factors associated with the impact of COVID-19 on change in alcohol and/or tobacco use.

Results
Mean age was 57 years old, 68% were female, 90% non-Hispanic white, 75% married, and 31% lived in rural counties. Out of 5,374 participants, 53% used alcohol-only (n = 2,833), 5% used tobacco-only (n = 255), 7% used both alcohol and tobacco (n = 395), and 35% used neither alcohol nor tobacco (n = 1,891). Urban county of residence (vs. rural) was associated with an increase in alcohol-use (p = 0.0001), change in alcohol products (p = 0.023), and an increase in tobacco use (p = 0.05). Among alcohol-only users, those who were younger (OR = 0.97), female (OR = 1.58), married (OR = 1.69), of high socioeconomic status (OR = 1.99), residing in urban counties (OR = 1.65), and had elevated financial (OR = 1.06) and employment concerns (OR = 1.28) were significantly more likely to report increased alcohol-use. Similarly, among tobacco users, those who were younger (OR = 0.97), female (OR = 2.79), married (OR = 2.16) or divorced (OR = 2.83), and had higher levels of neighborhood disadvantage (OR = 2.19) were significantly more likely to report increased tobacco-use.

Conclusions
Findings suggest targeted intervention and prevention strategies for young, female participants with elevated financial and employment concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic are necessary to mitigate risks associated with higher odds of alcohol and tobacco use. Our findings on alcohol and tobacco use may be a result of the unique social and economic influence of the pandemic on women.
Determinants of sputum culture conversion time in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in ALERT comprehensive specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Abebe Muluye , Atnafu Abay , Tilahun Melaku , Sero Nejmia , Neway Sebisib , Alemu Mekdes , Tesfaye Getachew , Mihret Adane , Bobosha Kidist , Wan Chengsong 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
The treatment response of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-Tuberculosis) patients is mainly dictated by the sputum culture conversion. An earlier culture conversion is a remarkable indicator of the improvement in the treatment response. In this study, we aimed to determine the time to culture conversion and its associated factors among MDR-Tuberculosis patients in All Africa Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Center (ALERT) Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 120 MDR-Tuberculosis patients attending ALERT Hospital from 2018–2022. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to determine the time to initial sputum culture conversion. All relevant laboratory, socio-demographic characteristics, and other clinical data were collected by chart abstraction using a structure data extraction form. The log-rank test was used to determine the survival rate. To identify the predictors of culture conversion, bivariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used. The hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to estimate the effect of each variable on the initial culture conversion. A test with a P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
From the total of 120 study participants, 89.2% (107/120) have shown a successful culture conversion. The median age of the participants was 30 years (IQR = 12). The study participants were followed for 408.6 person-months (34.05 person-years). The median time to initial sputum culture conversion was 80 days. The median time to initial sputum culture conversion among HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants was 61 days (IQR = 58–63.5) and 88 days (IQR = 75–91), respectively. HIV-negative and patients with previous treatment history were shown to be the predictor for a prolonged time to initial sputum culture conversion, (aHR = 0.24 (95% CI: 0.1–0.4), P value <0.001) and (aHR = 0.47 (95% CI: 0.31–0.71), P value <0.001) respectively.

Conclusion
The median time to sputum culture conversion for HIV positive was found to be 61 days in our study. Notably, patients with a history of previous anti-tuberculosis treatment, HIV-negative status, and higher bacillary load at baseline exhibited delayed culture conversion. These findings underscore the importance of considering such patient characteristics in the management of MDR-TB cases, as tailored interventions and close monitoring may lead to more favorable treatment outcomes. By identifying individuals with these risk factors early in the treatment process, healthcare providers can implement targeted strategies to optimize patient care and improve overall treatment success rates in MDR-TB management programs.
Association between (ΔPaO2/FiO2)/PEEP and in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: A secondary analysis
Authors: Chen Youli , Li Huangen , Lin Jinhuang , Su Zhiwei , Lin Tianlai 
Published: May 2024

Background
The arterial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)/inspiratory fraction of oxygen (FiO2) is associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. ΔPaO2/FiO2 [the difference between PaO2/FiO2 after 24 h of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and PaO2/FiO2 before IMV] is associated with in-hospital mortality. However, the value of PaO2 can be influenced by the end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). To the best of our knowledge, the relationship between the ratio of (ΔPaO2/FiO2)/PEEP and in-hospital mortality remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate their association.

Methods
The study was conducted in southern Peru from April 2020 to April 2021. A total of 200 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring IMV were included in the present study. We analyzed the association between (ΔPaO2/FiO2)/PEEP and in-hospital mortality by Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results
The median (ΔPaO2/FiO2)/PEEP was 11.78 mmHg/cmH2O [interquartile range (IQR) 8.79–16.08 mmHg/cmH2O], with a range of 1 to 44.36 mmHg/cmH2O. Patients were divided equally into two groups [low group (< 11.80 mmHg/cmH2O), and high group (≥ 11.80 mmHg/cmH2O)] according to the (ΔPaO2/FiO2)/PEEP ratio. In-hospital mortality was lower in the high (ΔPaO2/FiO2)/PEEP group than in the low (ΔPaO2/FiO2)/PEEP group [18 (13%) vs. 38 (38%)]; hazard ratio (HR), 0.33 [95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.17–0.61, P < 0.001], adjusted HR, 0.32 (95% CI, 0.11–0.94, P = 0.038). The finding that the high (ΔPaO2/FiO2)/PEEP group exhibited a lower risk of in-hospital mortality compared to the low (ΔPaO2/FiO2)/PEEP group was consistent with the results from the sensitivity analysis. After adjusting for confounding variables, we found that each unit increase in (ΔPaO2/FiO2)/PEEP was associated with a 12% reduction in the risk of in-hospital mortality (HR, 0.88, 95%CI, 0.80–0.97, P = 0.013).

Conclusions
The (ΔPaO2/FiO2)/PEEP ratio was associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. (ΔPaO2/FiO2)/PEEP might be a marker of disease severity in COVID-19 patients.