bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ototoxicity among cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin in zebrafish model
Authors: Li Kuan‐Hui , Zhao Yi‐Yu , Cheng Hsin‐Lin , Yang Jiann‐Jou , Chien Chen‐Yu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlatinum‐based antineoplastic drugs, including cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, are widely used in the treatment of various cancers. Ototoxicity is a common adverse effect of platinum‐based drugs. Ototoxicity leads to irreversible hearing impairment. We hypothesize that different platinum‐based drugs exhibit varying ototoxic concentrations, time effects, and ototoxic mechanisms. We tested this hypothesis by using a zebrafish model (pvalb3b: TagGFP) to assess the viability of hair cells collected from zebrafish larvae. Cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin were administered at dosages of 100, 200, or 400 μM, and the ototoxic effects of these drugs were assessed 1, 2, or 3 h after administration. Fm4‐64 and a TUNEL assay were used to label the membranes of living hair cells and to detect cell apoptosis, respectively. We observed that >50% of hair cells were damaged at 1 h after cisplatin (100 μM) exposure, and this ototoxic effect increased at higher dosages and over time. Owing to the smaller ototoxic effects of carboplatin and oxaliplatin, we conducted higher‐strength and longer‐duration experiments with these drugs. Neither carboplatin nor oxaliplatin was obviously ototoxic, even at 1600 μM and after 6 h. Moreover, only cisplatin damaged the membranes of the hair cells. Cell apoptosis and significantly increased antioxidant gene expression were observed in only the cisplatin group. In conclusion, cisplatin significantly damages sensory hair cells and has notable dosage and time effects. Carboplatin and oxaliplatin are less ototoxic than cisplatin, likely due to having different ototoxic mechanisms than cisplatin.
Horse owner perceptions of equine veterinary nursing roles in the United Kingdom
Authors: Pritchard Phillippa , Robinson Natalie , Saul Anna , Shrubb Julia , Stavisky Jenny , Dean Rachel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundRegistered (equine) veterinary nurses (R(E)VNs) typically provide few client‐facing services. Better utilising R(E)VN skills could help address workforce shortages, improve morale and benefit patient health. The aim of this study was to explore horse owner perceptions of R(E)VN roles.MethodsAn online cross‐sectional survey of horse owners gathered data on their understanding of R(E)VN roles, their experiences of R(E)VNs their openness to further R(E)VN services and perceived facilitators of and barriers to such services. Participants were recruited via practices, social media and snowball sampling. Descriptive analysis of the quantitative data and manifest content analysis of the qualitative data were conducted.ResultsThree hundred and forty‐seven useable responses were received. Eighty‐one percent (282/347) had heard the term R(E)VN. Most talked positively about their experiences with R(E)VNs. Eighty‐seven percent (285/326) were open to an R(E)VN visiting their horse under the direction of a veterinary surgeon, with more than 90% being extremely or somewhat comfortable with R(E)VN visits for bandaging and suture removal.LimitationsIt is unclear how closely respondents' perceptions reflect those of the wider UK horse owner population.ConclusionsHorse owners appear to be open to further nursing services, with key procedures such as bandaging being a potential starting point. Understanding the career goals of the individual nurses and the needs of the practice will be key to the successful implementation of these services.
Antibacterial potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from raw cow milk in Sylhet district, Bangladesh: A molecular approach
Authors: Asha Mashuka Nahida , Chowdhury Md. Shahidur Rahman , Hossain Hemayet , Rahman Md. Anisur , Emon Ahsan Al , Tanni Fatema Yeasmin , Islam Md. Rafiqul , Hossain Md. Mukter , Rahman Md. Mahfujur 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe most prevalent probiotic bacterium employed in the food industry is Lactobacillus because it can produce metabolites with antibacterial capabilities and exhibits hostility towards infections and microorganisms that cause spoilage.AimThis study set out to identify naturally occurring Lactobacillus and plantaricin (pln EF) coding genes in raw cow milk and to assess the antibacterial potency of isolated Lactobacillus isolates.MethodsFollowing enrichment in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth, single colonies were isolated, and pure colonies were obtained by streaking on MRS agar. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm the cultural positivity of all isolates. Additionally, the presence of plantaricin was verified by targeting the pln EF gene through PCR.OutcomeOut of the 166 raw milk specimens acquired from cows, 153 (91.17%; CI: 86.98–95.76) were identified as positive for Lactobacillus through both culture and biochemical screening. Subsequently, 121 (72.89%; CI: 65.46–79.49) of the isolates were affirmed to harbour Lactobacillus through PCR analysis. Within this subset, 6 isolates (4.96%; CI: 1.84–10.48) were found to possess the plnEF gene. When exposed to Lactobacillus isolates, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica displayed an average maximum zone of inhibition with a diameter measuring 24 mm. In contrast, Escherichia coli exhibited an average minimum zone of inhibition, featuring a diameter of 11 mm. Additionally, the Lactobacillus isolates demonstrated inhibitory zones against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca, measuring 14, 22 and 19 mm, respectively.Clinical significanceLactic acid bacteria, particularly Lactobacilli, are plentiful in cow milk and possess broad‐spectrum antibacterial properties.
Hybrid external fixator for treatment of a tibial proximal comminuted diaphyseal fracture in a foal
Authors: Rodrigues De Lima Leonardo , Kreutzfeld Farias Sheila , Parra Buzzetti Ananda , Neves De Souza Pimenta Maria Carolina , Blake Roberta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA 15‐day‐old colt was presented with grade 5 lameness (American Association of Equine Practitioners ‐ lameness scale), oedema of the right pelvic limb and stifle joint instability. A radiographic examination revealed a complete comminuted fracture of the proximal right tibia. To treat this, a surgical reduction was performed using a hybrid external fixator. The hybrid external fixator consisted of two rings placed above the proximal and distal epiphyseal plates, respectively, which were then linked with threaded rods. Within 24 hours of the surgery, the foal started weight‐bearing again. After 6 days, the hybrid external fixator rings were distracted by 1 mm per day for 17 days, which helped to increase the bone length. Once the hybrid external fixator was removed, a small shortening of the tibia (1 cm) was observed compared to the contralateral limb, but the epiphyseal cartilage was maintained.
Malignant trichoepithelioma in the prepuce of a Pitbull breed dog
Authors: Di Giorgio Stefania , Giambrone Giada , Ruggiano Giosuè , Marino Gabriele , Sfacteria Alessandra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA 12‐year‐old, male Pitbull dog was referred for a voluminous mass in the prepuce. Physical examination revealed an oval mass, cauliflower‐shaped with an alopecic and ulcerated surface. Cytological examination revealed large amounts of neutrophil granulocytes and keratinised cells with several atypic features, such as anisokaryosis, anisocytosis, anisonucleosis, nuclear and cytoplasmic vacuolation, and mitoses. Histopathology of the surgically excised sample showed malignant epithelial cells arranged in trabeculae, islands and cords showing differentiation of all three segments of a hair follicle. In addition, there were foci of trichogenic differentiation with intracytoplasmic trichohyalin granules, and the presence of ghost cells in the epithelial islands. The macroscopic and histological features led to the diagnosis of a malignant trichoepithelioma according to the characteristics reported in the literature, except for the unusual localisation in the canine prepuce.
Cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy for people with peritoneal metastases from colorectal, ovarian or gastric origin: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Gurusamy Kurinchi , Leung Jeffrey , Vale Claire , Roberts Danielle , Linden Audrey , Tan Xiao Wei , Taribagil Priyal , Patel Sonam , Pizzo Elena , Davidson Brian , Saunders Mark , Aziz Omer , O’Dwyer Sarah T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is uncertainty in the relative benefits and harms of hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) when added to cytoreductive surgery (CRS) +/− systemic chemotherapy or systemic chemotherapy alone in people with peritoneal metastases from colorectal, gastric, or ovarian cancers.MethodsWe searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the medical literature until April 14, 2022 and applied methods used for high‐quality systematic reviews.FindingsWe included a total of eight RCTs (seven RCTs included in quantitative analysis as one RCT did not provide data in an analyzable format). All comparisons other than ovarian cancer contained only one trial. For gastric cancer, there is high uncertainty about the effect of CRS + HIPEC + systemic chemotherapy. For stage III or greater epithelial ovarian cancer undergoing interval cytoreductive surgery, CRS + HIPEC + systemic chemotherapy probably decreases all‐cause mortality compared to CRS + systemic chemotherapy. For colorectal cancer, CRS + HIPEC + systemic chemotherapy probably results in little to no difference in all‐cause mortality and may increase the serious adverse events proportions compared to CRS +/− systemic chemotherapy, but probably decreases all‐cause mortality compared to fluorouracil‐based systemic chemotherapy alone.InterpretationThe role of CRS + HIPEC in gastric peritoneal metastases is uncertain. CRS + HIPEC should be standard of care in women with stage III or greater epithelial ovarian cancer undergoing interval CRS. CRS + systemic chemotherapy should be standard of care for people with colorectal peritoneal metastases, with HIPEC given only as part of a RCT focusing on subgroups and regimes.PROSPERO RegistrationCRD42019130504.
Why Being a Woman Matters When Countering Islamophobia in Australia
Authors: Carland Susan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAustralian Muslim women are far more likely to be the target of Islamophobic attacks than men, and common narratives often paint Muslim women merely as victims of Islamophobia. This chapter takes a new approach and considers how Muslim women may counter Islamophobia and the various audiences they must contend with in their work. Using de Koning’s interpellation framework, this research investigates why Australian Muslim women believe gender matters in public countering Islamophobia work and proposes new developments to the framework based on the way Australian Muslim women must mediate the ascriptions of both non-Muslims and Muslim men. This research draws on in-depth interviews with Sunni, Shi’i, and Ahmadiyya women from around Australia who are active in public countering Islamophobia education initiatives.
Bootstrapping AdS2 × S2 hypermultiplets: hidden four-dimensional conformal symmetry
Authors: Rigatos Konstantinos C. , Zhou Shaodong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We bootstrap the 4-point amplitude of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 hypermultiplets in AdS2 × S2 at tree-level and for arbitrary external weights. We hereby explicitly demonstrate the existence of a hidden four-dimensional conformal symmetry that was used as an assumption in previous studies to derive this result.
Dark Radiation Constraints on Heavy QCD Axions
Authors: Dunsky David I. , Hall Lawrence J. , Harigaya Keisuke 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The naturalness problem of PQ symmetry motivates study of the heavy QCD axion, with masses ma> 1 MeV generated at scales above the QCD scale, and low values of the PQ symmetry breaking scale, fa. We compute the abundance of such axions in a model-independent way, assuming only that they freeze-out after reheating from inflation, and are not subsequently diluted by new physics. If these axions decay between neutrino decoupling and the last scatter era of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), they dilute the neutrinos and their abundance is constrained by CMB measurements of the energy density in dark radiation, Neff. We accurately compute this bound using a numerical code to evolve the axion momentum distribution, including many key processes and effects previously ignored. We assume that the only relevant axion decays are to final states involving Standard Model particles. We determine regions of (ma, fa) that will give a signal in Neff at CMB Stage 4 experiments. We similarly compute the Neff bound and CMB Stage 4 signal for heavy axions that can decay to light mirror photons. Finally, we compute the bounds on heavy axions with mass below 1 MeV that decay after the era of CMB last scatter, from their contribution to cold or hot dark matter or Neff at this era.
Engineered platforms for mimicking cardiac development and drug screening
Authors: Stiefbold Madison , Zhang Haokang , Wan Leo Q. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCongenital heart defects are associated with significant health challenges, demanding a deep understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms and, thus, better devices or platforms that can recapitulate human cardiac development. The discovery of human pluripotent stem cells has substantially reduced the dependence on animal models. Recent advances in stem cell biology, genetic editing, omics, microfluidics, and sensor technologies have further enabled remarkable progress in the development of in vitro platforms with increased fidelity and efficiency. In this review, we provide an overview of advancements in in vitro cardiac development platforms, with a particular focus on technological innovation. We categorize these platforms into four areas: two-dimensional solid substrate cultures, engineered substrate architectures that enhance cellular functions, cardiac organoids, and embryos/explants-on-chip models. We conclude by addressing current limitations and presenting future perspectives.
Das Geschlechterparadoxon in der gesundheitlich beeinträchtigten Lebenszeit – Ende eines Mythos?
Authors: Luy Marc 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungHintergrundFrauen leben länger als Männer, verbringen aber mehr Lebensjahre mit gesundheitlicher Beeinträchtigung. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, inwieweit dieses Geschlechterparadoxon durch 2 Faktoren erklärt werden kann: den „Mortalitätseffekt“, der aus der höheren Lebenserwartung der Frauen resultiert, und das „Differential Item Functioning“ (DIF), das Geschlechterunterschiede im Berichtsverhalten bezeichnet.MethodenDie beeinträchtigte Lebenserwartung im Alter 50 für die Gesundheitsindikatoren Allgemeingesundheit, Einschränkungen und chronische Morbidität wird mit der Sullivan-Methode berechnet. Daten zur Gesundheitsprävalenz stammen aus dem Survey „Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell“ (GEDA) des Jahres 2012, Daten zur Mortalität aus der „Human Mortality Database“. Die Geschlechterdifferenz in der beeinträchtigten Lebenserwartung wird mittels Dekomposition in den Mortalitäts- und den Gesundheitseffekt zerlegt. Letzterer wird schließlich auf der Grundlage von Vignetten aus der ersten Welle des „Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe“ (SHARE) um DIF-Effekte bereinigt.ErgebnisseDas Geschlechterparadoxon lässt sich für alle 3 betrachteten Gesundheitsindikatoren nicht nur teilweise, sondern vollständig durch Mortalitätseffekt und DIF auflösen. Nach Berücksichtigung dieser beiden Faktoren kehrt sich die Geschlechterdifferenz in der beeinträchtigten Lebenserwartung von höheren Werten für Frauen in höhere Werte für Männer um.DiskussionDie Ursachen für das Geschlechterparadoxon sind sehr komplex und die Frauen-Männer-Differenzen in gesamter und beeinträchtigter Lebenserwartung gehen nicht unbedingt in widersprüchliche Richtungen. Das Ausmaß der höheren beeinträchtigten Lebenserwartung der Frauen hängt entscheidend vom zugrunde liegenden Gesundheitsindikator ab und wird zum größten Teil durch den Mortalitätseffekt erklärt.
Die Datenintegrationszentren – Von der Konzeption in der Medizininformatik-Initiative zur lokalen Umsetzung in einem Netzwerk Universitätsmedizin
Authors: Albashiti Fady , Thasler Reinhard , Wendt Thomas , Bathelt Franziska , Reinecke Ines , Schreiweis Björn 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der Medizininformatik-Initiative (MII) sind seit 2018 an 38 universitären sowie 3 nichtuniversitären Standorten in Deutschland Datenintegrationszentren (DIZ) entstanden. Hier werden Forschungs- und Versorgungsdaten zusammengetragen. Die Datenintegrationszentren (DIZ) stellen mittlerweile eine wichtige Säule in der Forschung und Versorgung dar. Sie schaffen die technischen, organisatorischen und (ethisch-)datenschutzrechtlichen Voraussetzungen, um mit den vorhandenen klinischen Routinedaten auch standortübergreifende Forschung zu ermöglichen.In diesem Beitrag werden die 3 Hauptsäulen der DIZ vorgestellt: ethisch-rechtlicher Rahmen, Organisation und Technik. Die Organisation von DIZ sowie deren organisatorische Einbettung und Interaktion werden vorgestellt ebenso wie die technische Infrastruktur. Die Services, die ein DIZ für den eigenen Standort und für externe Forschende erbringt, werden erklärt und die Rolle des DIZ als Schnittstelle nach innen und außen zur Stärkung der Kooperation und Kollaboration dargelegt.Rechtskonformität, Organisation und Technik bilden die Grundlagen für Prozesse und Strukturen eines DIZ und sind einerseits entscheidend dafür, wie es in die Versorgungs- und Forschungslandschaft eines Standortes integriert ist, andererseits aber auch dafür, wie es auf nationale und europäische Anforderungen reagieren und als Schnittstelle nach außen agieren und fungieren kann. In diesem Kontext und im Hinblick auf die nationalen Entwicklungen (z. B. Einführung der elektronischen Patientenakte – ePA), aber auch die internationalen und europäischen Initiativen (z. B. Europäischer Gesundheitsdatenraum – EHDS) werden die DIZ zukünftig eine zentrale Rolle spielen.
Protective role of DTPA against Hylotrupes bajulus L. infestations by targeting metal ion incorporation in larval mandibles
Authors: Martínez Roberto D. , Casado Milagros , Basterra Luis-Alfonso 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe house longhorn beetle, Hylotrupes bajulus L., is a recognized wood pest with larvae capable of infesting and damaging various wood species. The larvae’s wood-cutting capability is attributed to the metal-reinforced chitin in their mandibles, which provides enhanced mechanical strength. This reinforcement is due to the presence of metal ions such as zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) bound to the chitin structure. The present study investigates the potential of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), a chelating agent, to sequester these crucial metal ions thereby affecting the larvae’s feeding capability. Wood samples treated with varying doses of DTPA showed significant larval mortality, with a 100% rate at a dose of 6 g/l. Electron microscopic analyses of deceased larvae revealed an absence of Zn in their mandibles, suggesting that DTPA effectively reduces its bioavailability, hindering mandible strengthening. The toxicity profile of DTPA is lower compared to many traditional wood treatments, indicating a potential for reduced environmental impact. However, the full spectrum of DTPA’s preservation capabilities and its interactions with other organisms require further investigation.
The metabolome as a diagnostic for maximal aerobic capacity during exercise in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Taylor Guy S. , Smith Kieran , Scragg Jadine , McDonald Timothy J. , Shaw James A. , West Daniel J. , Roberts Lee D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Our aim was to characterise the in-depth metabolic response to aerobic exercise and the impact of residual pancreatic beta cell function in type 1 diabetes. We also aimed to use the metabolome to distinguish individuals with type 1 diabetes with reduced maximal aerobic capacity in exercise defined by $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{\text{2peak}}$$

V
˙

O
2peak

.

Methods
Thirty participants with type 1 diabetes (≥3 years duration) and 30 control participants were recruited. Groups did not differ in age or sex. After quantification of peak stimulated C-peptide, participants were categorised into those with undetectable (<3 pmol/l), low (3–200 pmol/l) or high (>200 pmol/l) residual beta cell function. Maximal aerobic capacity was assessed by $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{\text{2peak}}$$

V
˙

O
2peak

test and did not differ between control and type 1 diabetes groups. All participants completed 45 min of incline treadmill walking (60% $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{\text{2peak}}$$

V
˙

O
2peak

) with venous blood taken prior to exercise, immediately post exercise and after 60 min recovery. Serum was analysed using targeted metabolomics. Metabolomic data were analysed by multivariate statistics to define the metabolic phenotype of exercise in type 1 diabetes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify circulating metabolomic markers of maximal aerobic capacity ($$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{\text{2peak}}$$

V
˙

O
2peak

) during exercise in health and type 1 diabetes.

Results
Maximal aerobic capacity ($$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{\text{2peak}}$$

V
˙

O
2peak

) inversely correlated with HbA1c in the type 1 diabetes group (r2=0.17, p=0.024). Higher resting serum tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites malic acid (fold change 1.4, p=0.001) and lactate (fold change 1.22, p=1.23×10−5) differentiated people with type 1 diabetes. Higher serum acylcarnitines (AC) (AC C14:1, F value=12.25, p=0.001345; AC C12, F value=11.055, p=0.0018) were unique to the metabolic response to exercise in people with type 1 diabetes. C-peptide status differentially affected metabolic responses in serum ACs during exercise (AC C18:1, leverage 0.066; squared prediction error 3.07). The malic acid/pyruvate ratio in rested serum was diagnostic for maximal aerobic capacity ($$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{\text{2peak}}$$

V
˙

O
2peak

) in people with type 1 diabetes (ROC curve AUC 0.867 [95% CI 0.716, 0.956]).

Conclusions/interpretation
The serum metabolome distinguishes high and low maximal aerobic capacity and has diagnostic potential for facilitating personalised medicine approaches to manage aerobic exercise and fitness in type 1 diabetes.

Graphical Abstract