bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Our response to the question: Next steps in clarifying the language of leadership learning
Authors: Allen Scott J. , Roberts Dennis C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractForty years ago, the questions most discussed among those who cared about leadership were “is leadership possible among those who don't have titles and positions?”; “what are the characteristics possessed by effective leaders?”; and “how do we find the people who are the best leaders and help them prepare for positions that will allow them to have an impact?” After many conversations, conferences, research studies, and books, the terrain has shifted among scholars. Now the conversations focus on questions such as “If leadership is a shared responsibility among members of groups, how can the full leadership potential of all be cultivated?”; “What role do collaborators play in empowering positive leadership and defending against those who misuse it?”; and “How can organizations cultivate cultures that support and encourage visionary leadership dedicated to benefitting all?”The shift in the questions that leadership educators now explore, coupled with the breadth and variety of the initiatives dedicated to nurturing it, demonstrate that leadership can be taught. More importantly, the practice of leadership demonstrates that many can pursue leadership and that they must if the opportunities of the 21st century are to be fulfilled. The conversations and the needs for leadership have both shifted and it is now incumbent on those who value leadership most to agree to unifying perspectives that can draw us together in common purpose. From your vantage point, what are the crucial conversations, next steps, and/or thoughts for consideration as we enter the second decade of the 21st century?
An upper echelons view of “Good to Great”: Principles for behavioral integration in the top management team
Authors: Evans Randy W. , Butler Frank C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe examined the best‐selling management book Good to Great (GTG) through the lens of upper echelons theory. In doing so, it is demonstrated that the often cited practitioner/academic divide is not necessarily so expansive as frequently perceived. We utilized upper echelons theory and more specifically, the associated metaconstruct of behavioral integration, to identify principles from GTG that are consistent with the theoretically rooted processes of collective action. Through this theoretical lens, three key principles emerged from GTG for building a successful organization: organizationally focused leadership, a disciplined culture, and the right people. Implications for practice are discussed, including the reciprocal relationship among these principles. We conclude by appealing for more constructive dialogue between academics and practitioners of management.
Myocardial T1 mapping with MRI: Comparison of look‐locker and MOLLI sequences
Authors: Nacif Marcelo Souto , Turkbey Evrim B. , Gai Neville , Nazarian Saman , van der Geest Rob J. , Noureldin Radwa A. , Sibley Christopher T. , Ugander Martin , Liu Songtao , Arai Andrew E. , Lima João A.C. , Bluemke David A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the relationship between “Look‐Locker” (LL) and modified Look‐Locker Inversion recovery (MOLLI) approaches for T1 mapping of the myocardium.Materials and Methods:A total of 168 myocardial T1 maps using MOLLI and 165 maps using LL were obtained in human subjects at 1.5 Tesla. The T1 values of the myocardium were calculated before and at five time points after gadolinium administration. All time and heart rate normalizations were done. The T1 values obtained were compared to determine the absolute and bias agreement.Results:The precontrast global T1 values were similar when measured by the LL and by MOLLI technique (mean, 1004.9 ms ± 120.3 versus 1034.1 ms ± 53.1, respectively, P = 0.26). Postcontrast myocardial T1 time from LL was significantly longer than MOLLI from 5 to 25 min (mean difference, LL ‐ MOLLI was +61.8 ± 46.4 ms, P < 0.001). No significant differences in T1 values were noted between long and short axis measurements for either MOLLI or LL.Conclusion:Postcontrast LL and MOLLI showed very good agreement, although LL values are higher than MOLLI. Precontrast T1 values showed good agreement, however LL has greater limits of agreement. Short and long axis planes can reliably assess T1 values. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Age‐related cerebral perfusion changes in the parietal and temporal lobes measured by pulsed arterial spin labeling
Authors: Preibisch Christine , Sorg Christian , Förschler Annette , Grimmer Timo , Sax Iris , Wohlschläger Afra M. , Perneczky Robert , Förstl Hans , Kurz Alexander , Zimmer Claus , Alexopoulos Panagiotis 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose:To investigate age‐related regional perfusion changes focused on the medial temporal lobes and related parietal areas using a pulsed arterial spin labeling technique.Materials and Methods:Resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps were obtained from 44 healthy volunteers (18 male, 26 female; age range, 19 to 79 years) using a pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) MRI technique at 3 Tesla focused on the parietal and temporal lobes. Repeated measurements were performed in 20 subjects to assure the reliability and reproducibility of the applied PASL technique.Results:Focal age‐related CBF decreases were detected in the parietal cortex, cuneus and caudate, whereas increases were seen in the lateral and medial temporal lobe such as hippocampus, the calcarine gyrus and the thalamus. Moreover, repeated measurements demonstrated a high reliability and reproducibility of the applied PASL technique.Conclusion:Data provide evidence for regionally dissociated patterns of perfusion increases and decreases during ageing in the temporal and parietal lobes. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring the neural response to continuous intramuscular infusion of hypertonic saline by perfusion MRI
Authors: Owen Daron G. , Clarke Collin F. , Bureau Yves , Ganapathy Sugantha , Prato Frank. S. , St. Lawrence Keith S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose:To determine the extent to which arterial spin labeling (ASL), a functional magnetic resonance imaging technique that directly measures cerebral blood flow (CBF), is able to measure the neural activation associated with prolonged experimental muscle pain.Materials and Methods:Hypertonic saline (HS) (5% NaCl) was infused into the brachioradialis muscle of 19 healthy volunteers for 15 min. The imaging volume extended from the dorsal side of the pons to the primary somatosensory cortices, covering most of the cortical and subcortical regions associated with pain perception.Results:Using a numerical scale from 0 to 10, ratings of pain intensity peaked at 5.9 ± 0.5 (mean ± SE). Group activation maps showed that the slow infusion of HS evoked CBF increases primarily in bilateral insula, with additional activation in right frontal regions. In the activated areas, CBF gradually increased at the onset of HS infusion and was maintained at relatively constant levels throughout the remainder of the infusion period. However, the level and extent of activation were smaller than observed in previous studies involving acute muscle pain.Conclusion:This study demonstrates the ability of ASL to measure changes in CBF over extended periods of time and that the neural activation caused by muscle pain is paradigm specific. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:669‐677. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation of Rhizobacteria from Jatropha curcas and characterization of produced ACC deaminase
Authors: Jha Chaitanya Kumar , Annapurna Kannepalli , Saraf Meenu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDecreased levels of ACC (1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid) result in lower levels of endogenous ethylene, which eliminate the potentially inhibitory effects of stress‐induced higher ethylene concentrations. It is worth noting the substantial ability of the bacterial species to colonize different environments, including taxonomically distinct plants cultivated in distantly separated geographical regions. For example, Enterobacter cloacae, designated as MSA1 and Enterobacter cancerogenus, designated as MSA2 were recovered from the rhizosphere of Jatropha in the present work. This study first time confirms the ACC deaminase activity in the Enterobacter cancerogenus on the preliminary basis. Several bacterial plant growth‐promoting mechanisms were analyzed and detected like phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, IAA production, GA3 (gibberellic acid) production and ACC deaminase activity in the isolated cultures. Isolates were grown until exponential growth phase to evaluate their ACC deaminase activity and the effect of pH, temperature, salt, metals and substrate concentration after the partial purification of enzyme by ion exchange chromatography. The FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED (FT‐IR) spectra were recorded for the confirmation of α‐ketobutyrate production. By using lineweaver Burk plot Km and Vmax value for ACC deaminase of both the organism was calculated in the different fractions. In this work, we discuss the possible implications of these bacterial mechanisms on the plant growth promotion or homeostasis regulation in natural conditions. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Purification and characterization of an extracellular 24 kDa chitobiosidase from the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma saturnisporum
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Shanmugam Veerubommu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA Trichoderma saturnisporum Hamill isolate GITX‐Panog (C) exhibiting strong chitinolytic and antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi, the causal agent of vascular wilt in carnation was used to purify extracellular chitobiosidase using Czapek‐Dox broth amended with the fungal mycelium as the carbon source. The protein was purified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate, followed by DEAE‐Cellulose anion‐exchange and Sephacryl S‐200 high resolution gel filtration chromatography. The purity of the enzyme was determined by SDS‐PAGE, with an estimated molecular mass of 24 kDa. In native gel assay with 4‐methylumbelliferyl ‐N,N ′ diacetyl‐β‐D‐chitobioside (4‐Mu‐(GluNAc)2, the purified chitobiosidase was visualized as single fluorescent band. Enzyme activity towards short oligomeric natural substrates indicated that the enzyme has properties that are characteristic to exochitinases. The enzyme was active up to 60 °C and at pH 4.0, and displayed maximum stability at 50 °C. Mn2+ and Zn2+ stimulated the enzyme activity by 63% and 41%, respectively. The Km and Vmax values of the purified enzyme for 4‐Mu‐(GluNAc)2were 338.9 μM ml–1 and 0.119 μM ml–1 min–1, respectively. This appears to be the first report of characterization of a chitobiosidase from antagonistic Trichoderma saturnisporum. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Biosynthesis and characterization of Au‐nanostructures by metal tolerant fungi
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , Devi Sunita , Singh Karamjit 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMicroorganisms being eco‐friendly and encompassing special features are widely employed in the biosynthesis of different metal nanoparticles (NPs). In the present study, the potential of different fungal strains has been explored for the synthesis of various morphologies of gold nanostructures. Preliminary confirmation of nanosized particles formation has been done with visual observation as the synthesized gold nanoparticles exhibited a variety of colours covering whole visible spectra. Crystallographic and morphological characterization of synthesized nano‐materials associated with different fungal strains have been done using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Nanoparticles morphology dependence on different fungal strains has been studied and described in detail. A wide variation in shape and size of gold nanoparticles with different strains has been reported as a function of strain characteristics. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cloning and characterization of a bifunctional glycosyl hydrolase from an antagonistic Pseudomonas putida strain P3(4)
Authors: Singh Naosekpam Ajit , Shanmugam Veerubommu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA fluorescent pseudomonad strain P3(4) showing chitinolysis on chitinase detection agar and antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp dianthi causing vascular wilt of carnation was isolated from pea rhizosphere soil. PCR primers specific for glycosyl hydrolase family 5 (GH5) of Pseudomonas putida isolate KT2440 amplified a 947 bp fragment of the GH5 gene from P3(4). Cloning of this gene into Escherichia coli M15 using an expression vector pQE‐30UA and screening on chitin and chitosan detection agar identified one positive clone (Pchi+). Sequence analysis of the cloned insert revealed an open reading frame of 947 nucleotides corresponding to a protein of 315 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 38.0 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of the open reading frame (gene product/GH) showed 83–84% homology to the GH5 of P. putida strains F1 and KT2440, respectively. The purified enzyme was homogenous, as examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was visualized as single fluorescent band in native gel assay with 4‐methylumbelliferyl‐N ‐acetyl‐β;‐D‐glucosaminide and glycol chitosan, respectively. For hydrolysis of 4‐nitrophenyl‐N ‐acetyl‐β;‐D‐glucosaminide (pNP‐(GlcNAc) and colloidal chitosan, the enzyme had an optimal temperature of 40 °C, and was stable within the temperature range of 10 °C to 40 °C. The enzyme showed an optimal pH of 3.5, with maximum stabilities at 5.0 and 5.5 for hydrolysis of pNP‐(GlcNAc) and colloidal chitosan, respectively. Fe3+ and Cu2+ stimulated chitinase and chitosanase activities by 74.2 and 51.4%, respectively. The purified GH displayed 70 and 45% inhibition of spore germination of the pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and Alternaria solani, respectively. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stratigraphic architecture and sedimentology of a Late Pleistocene subaqueous moraine complex, southwest Ireland
Authors: Evans David J. A. , Hiemstra John F. , Cofaigh Colm Ó 
Published: September 2011

AbstractGlacigenic sediments exposed in coastal cliffs cut through undulatory terrain fronting the Last Glacial Maximum laterofrontal moraine at Waterville on the Iveragh Peninsula, southwest Ireland, comprise three lithofacies. Lithofacies 1 and 2 consist of interdigitated, offlapping and superimposed ice‐proximal subaqueous outwash and stacked sequences of cohesionless and cohesive subaqueous debris flows, winnowed lag gravels and coarse‐grained suspension deposits. These are indicative of sedimentation in and around small grounding line fans that prograded from an oscillating glacier margin into a proglacial, interlobate lake. Lithofacies 3 comprises braided river deposits that have undergone significant syn‐sedimentary soft‐sediment deformation. Deposition was likely related to proglacial outwash activity and records the reduction of accommodation space for subaqueous sedimentation, either through the lowering of proglacial water levels or due to basin infilling. The stratigraphic architecture and sedimentology of the moraine at Waterville highlight the role of ice‐marginal depositional processes in the construction of morphostratigraphically significant ‘end moraine’ complexes in Great Britain and Ireland. Traditional ‘tills’ in these moraines are often crudely stratified diamictons and gravelly clinoforms deposited in ice‐proximal subaqueous and subaerial fans. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of sodium chloride on wheat flour dough for yeast‐leavened products. I. Rheological attributes
Authors: Beck Margit , Jekle Mario , Becker Thomas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The rheological properties of wheat dough for yeast‐leavened products were tested at different levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) addition ranging from 0 to 40 g NaCl kg−1 wheat flour. Rheological tests carried out to make this evaluation included (1) empirical rheological methods of the Farinograph, load extension and a dough stickiness test and (2) fundamental rheological methods of creep recovery and dynamic rheometry. Modifications to the gluten matrix microstructure by NaCl were examined by confocal laser‐scanning microscopy.RESULTS: Highly significant (P⩽0.001) differences due to NaCl addition could be determined in particular by the stickiness test as well as by examination of the creep test with the Burger model. Rheological changes measured in the creep test probably depend on protein charge shielding due to NaCl interaction, resulting in an improvement in gluten network formation. An increase in dough stickiness was measured when using NaCl.CONCLUSION: The present result for stickiness is contrary to the common subjective results. Therefore the theory proposed here for increased stickiness suggests that it is based on more non‐protein‐bound water in the dough system due to NaCl interaction and thus more viscous dough behaviour, which leads to higher stickiness as measured with the stickiness test. This may also suggest that the objectively measured ‘stickiness’ in this case does not properly indicate the subjectively measured stickiness it was designed to represent. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Colour evaluation of a phycobiliprotein‐rich extract obtained from Nostoc PCC9205 in acidic solutions and yogurt
Authors: Moreira Isabela de O , Passos Thaís S , Chiapinni Claudete , Silveira Gabrielle K , Souza Joana CM , Coca‐Vellarde Luis Guillermo , Deliza Rosires , de Lima Araújo Kátia G 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Phycobiliproteins are coloured proteins produced by cyanobacteria, which have several applications because of their colour properties. However, there is no available information about the colour stability of phycobiliproteins from Nostoc sp. in food systems. The aim of this work was to study the colour stability of a purple‐coloured phycobiliprotein‐rich extract from the cyanobacterium Nostoc PCC9205 in acidic solutions and yogurt.RESULTS: Variations of pH for Nostoc PCC9205 extract have shown stability for the L* (lightness) and a* (redness) indexes in the range 1.0–7.0. The b* index (blueness), however, increased at pH values below 4.0, indicating loss of the blue colour. The Nostoc PCC9205 extract was used as colorant in yogurt (pH 4.17) stored for 60 days. Instrumental colour analysis showed no changes for the L* and a* indexes during storage, whereas the b* index changed after 20 days of storage. A multiple comparison test showed colour instability after 20 days of storage. A hedonic scale test performed on the 60th day of storage showed acceptability of the product.CONCLUSIONS: The red component of the phycobiliprotein‐rich extract from Nostoc PCC9205 presented an improved stability in acidic media and yogurt compared with the blue component of this extract. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
α‐Amylase inhibitors from an Indonesian medicinal herb, Phyllanthus urinaria
Authors: Gunawan‐Puteri Maria DPT , Kato Eisuke , Kawabata Jun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus and associated diseases are an increasing problem around the world. One of the hyperglycemic remedies is glucose absorption reduction by suppressing carbohydrate digestion due to utilization of α‐amylase inhibitors.RESULTS: Prospective herbs were analyzed by in vitro enzyme assay to evaluate their inhibitory activity against porcine pancreatic amylase (PPA), and it was found that Phyllanthus urinaria and three other herbs to showed a potent inhibitory activity. A 50% aqueous methanol‐soluble extract of the leaves of P. urinaria was chromatographed using a silica gel column. The active fractions were further purified by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography to isolate active principles against PPA. Structural determination revealed that these isolated compounds were gallic acid, corilagin, and macatannin B, and showed mild activity against PPA (activity in 1 mmol L−1 concentration: 23%, 21%, 33%, respectively).CONCLUSION: P. urinaria extracts show inhibitory activity against PPA. This activity, together with the information on isolated compounds, may benefit further exploration of P. urinaria utilization in the management of borderline diabetes patients. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Starch determination, amylose content and susceptibility to in vitro amylolysis in flours from the roots of 25 cassava varieties
Authors: Mejía‐Agüero Luisa Elena , Galeno Florangel , Hernández‐Hernández Oswaldo , Matehus Juan , Tovar Juscelino 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Cassava cultivars are classified following different criteria, such as cyanogenic glucoside content or starch content. Here, flours from the roots of 25 cassava varieties cultivated simultaneously in a single plantation, were characterized in terms of starch content (SC), amylose content (AC), α‐amylolysis index (AI) and gel formation ability. Resistant starch content (RS) was measured in 10 of the samples.RESULTS: Cassava flours exhibited high SC, low AC and low AI values, with differences among varieties. Cluster analysis based on these parameters divided the cultivars in four groups differing mainly in SC and AC. AI and AC were inversely correlated (r = − 0.59, P < 0.05) in 18 of the cultivars, suggesting AC as an important factor governing the susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis of starch in raw cassava. Differences in susceptibility to amylolysis, assessed by RS, were also recorded in the sample subset analyzed. Most flours yielded pastes or gels upon heating and cooling. Gels differed in their subjective grade of firmness, but none exhibited syneresis, confirming the low retrogradation proclivity of cassava starch.CONCLUSION: Some differences were found among cassava samples, which may be ascribed to inter‐cultivar variation. This information may have application in further agronomic studies or for developing industrial uses for this crop. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Response of soil organic carbon mineralization in typical Karst soils following the addition of 14C‐labeled rice straw and CaCO3
Authors: Hu Lening , Su Yirong , He Xunyang , Wu Jinshui , Zheng Hua , Li Yang , Wang Aihua 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Organic substrates and calcium are important factors controlling organic matter turnover in Karst soils. To understand their effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization, an incubation experiment was conducted involving a control treatment (CK), the addition of a 14C‐labeled rice straw (T1), CaCO3 (T2), and both 14C‐labeled rice straw and CaCO3 (T3) to two types of Karst soils (terra fusca and rendzina) and a red soil from southwestern China.RESULTS: Cumulative mineralization of the rice straw over 100 days in rendzina (22.96 mg kg−1) and terra fusca (23.19 mg kg−1) was higher than in the red soil (15.48 mg kg−1; P < 0.05). Cumulative mineralization of native SOC decreased following addition of 14C‐labeled rice straw in the rendzina and terra fusca but increased in the red soil (negative and positive priming effects on native SOC). The turnover times of 14C‐labeled microbial biomass C (MBC) in the red soil, terra fusca and rendzina were 71 ± 2, 243 ± 20 and 254 ± 45 days, respectively. By adding CaCO3, the accumulation of SOC was greater in the Karst soils than in the red soil.CONCLUSION: Although the interactions between rice straw decomposition and priming effects on native SOC are not yet understood, there was considerable variation between Karst and red soils. Soil calcium was a positive factor in maintaining SOC stability. MBC from rice straws was stable in terra fusca and rendzina, whereas it was active in the red soil. The Karst soils (terra fusca and rendzina) used in this study benefited SOC accumulation. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry