bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes with respect to the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Bjelková Marie , Nôžková Janka , Fatrcová-Šramková Katarína , Tejklová Eva 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe aim of our work was to characterize linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes divided into groups with high and low content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Out of 32 linseed genotypes, 68.75 % represented high alpha-linolenic genotypes and 31.25 % were genotypes with low ALA content. Proportional representation of fatty acids was realized according to the norm (Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing, 1994). Oil content was analyzed according to the internal methodology of Agritec Ltd., based on the norm (Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing, 2011). The content of total fat ranged from 36.22 % to 46.35 %, that of ALA from 1.10 % to 65.20 %, and that of linoleic acid (LA) from 11.10 % to 75.00 % in the analyzed seed samples within all groups. The genotypes were divided also according to the seed color and a linear correlation between all three parameters within these groups was observed. Negative linear dependence was confirmed between parameters; ALA and LA content in the groups: high ALA brown seed (p < 0.0001; correlation coefficient (r) = −0.70), and high ALA yellow seed (p < 0.001; r = −0.36). Also, positive linear dependence between the total fat and the LA content in the groups: low ALA brown seed (p < 0.001; r = 0.34); low ALA yellow seed (p < 0.0001; r = 0.62), was found.
Rheological properties of functionalised thermosensitive copolymers for injectable applications in medicine
Authors: Chamradová Ivana , Vojtová Lucy , Michlovská Lenka , Poláček Petr , Jančář Josef 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFunctionalised triblock copolymers based on poly((lactic acid)-co-(glycolic acid)) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) further modified with 3-methylenetetrahydrofuran-2,5-dione (itaconic anhydride; ITA) exhibited sol-gel transition induced by increasing temperature. Rheological properties of a series of ITA/PLGA-PEG-PLGA/ITA copolymer concentrations (6–24 mass %) in deionised Milli-Q water were studied by both the test tube inverting method (TTIM) and rheometer. The gel stiffness increased with the polymer concentration shifting the gel point of the copolymer to the lower temperature. The present study demonstrates that each method describes a sol-gel transition, but the combined method gives comprehensive information about changes in colour, viscosity, elastic and loss moduli. Characterisation of such a gel is necessary for its further use, in order to determine whether the material is appropriate as an injectable biomedical hydrogel.
Web Technology in Health Information System
Authors: Babić Rade , Milošević Zoran , Babić Gordana 
Published: June 2012

Web Technology in Health Information System
The paper gives a concise review of the implementation of the web-based systems in teleradiology, radiological information system, hospital information system and in other modern medical information systems. The paper presents PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) and DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) that have been domesticated in the vocabulary of radiological terminology and beyond. It points to the basic characteristics and objectives of PACS systems and DICOM standards, accentuating the needs for appliance of methods for digital signal processing and machine intelligence. It is concluded that assotiated medicine and information technologies lead to the progress of the mankind.
Crops and Culture: Dispersal of African Millets to the Indian Subcontinent and its Cultural Consequences
Authors: Haaland Randi 
Published: June 2012

In this paper I will discuss the spread of African crops to the Indian subcontinent. The spread was probably related to the Indus civilizations trading network in the Indian Ocean during the late 3rd millennium BC. It was at this time African food plants, the so-called big millets were dispersed across the African savannah to the horn of Africa and further to the Indian sub-continent. The big millets were cultivated as monsoon summer crops complementing the existing barley/wheat winter crops. The African pot/porridge cuisine was added to wheat/barley oven/bread cuisine. Recent study in Nepal shows that the African crops are cultivated today on marginal agricultural land in the foothills of Himalaya. We will look at Nepal as an example of the production and consumption of African big millets. The crops are processed into porridge and beer, and this cuisine is a food tradition similar to the pot and porridge cuisine we find in sub-Saharan Africa.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6354 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 1-30
The Art of Survival: Policy Choices for Nepal
Authors: Dahal Dev Raj 
Published: June 2012

The tendency to change foreign policy tilt with every change in government has posed difficulty for Nepal to maintain internal cohesion and external adaptation. Now the nation is suffering from ceaseless spasms of political instability because many of its state-bearing institutions are broken and new are not yet invented to glue the nation’s diverse society and get viable traction to balance neighborhood geopolitics and become relevant to international community. In this context, Nepal now needs a regime that fosters centripetal tendencies of domestic forces for a cohesive and coherent foreign and security policy strategy to survive and prosper in a world dominated by protagonist giants and devise material, institutional and symbolic bases of the nation to scramble safe future.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6355 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 31-48
Locating Academic NGOs in the Knowledge Production Landscape
Authors: Onta Pratyoush 
Published: June 2012

Academic non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are already one of the most important institutional sites of knowledge production in the countries of the global South. This article defines academic NGOs as those NGOs which produce not only documentation but also academically engaging articles, reports, edited volumes, bibliographies, journals and monographs. It argues that their growth in the recent decades has taken place amidst the mammoth growth in the number of NGOs in general for structural and personal reasons. A case study from Nepal is provided to illustrate, both at the level of procedures and at the level of outcomes, the kinds of contributions academic NGOs have made to the knowledge enterprise. The article ends by suggesting that the links between editorial control over what academic NGOs produce and the funding they receive are more complex than is usually assumed, and that the issue of their accountability needs to be rendered in a multiple-constituency model similar to that at work in conventional universities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6356 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 49-80
Reflections on the Cultural Background to China's Reaction to the Nobel Prize Award
Authors: Haaland Gunnar 
Published: June 2012

This paper deals with some complex and controversial issues that arose in connection with the 2010 Nobel Prize Peace award to the Chinese dissident Liu Xiao Bo. These issues involve different levels. On one level it is important not to confuse the Nobel committee’s independence of outside interference from political and other organized agencies, with the question of whether the Nobel Prize committee’s decisions can be ideological or politically unbiased in its decisions. Part of the strong Chinese reaction to the award is related to this issue. Another level deals with the Committee’s widening of the criteria to be taken into account in the selection of candidates from the original criterion focused on direct contribution to reduction of armed conflicts, to the wider issues of indirect contributions like alleviation of poverty, ecological sustainability and most crucial the issue of human rights. The last issue is particularly critical since different states have different perspectives of what constitute human rights, and what rights should be given priority on different levels of the country’s development. The main point of the article is to look at historical events and socio-cultural conditions that shape the Chine Government’s (and many citizens’) reaction to the 2010 award. This is placed in the context of the widening income differences emerging in the modern political economy of China and how these may affect the growth of civil society. The critical question is: will the reward contribute to promotion of civil society or will it lead to increased crackdown on dissident voices. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6357 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 81-100
Perceptions of Febrile Illness among Local People Living in Malaria Endemic villages in Central Hill Region of Nepal
Authors: Budhathoki C B 
Published: June 2012

Objective of this paper is to explore the perceptions of febrile illness among people living in malaria endemic areas of hill region. Qualitative data were collected from malaria endemic villages in Mahadevesthan VDC of Kavrepalanchok district through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Local people perceive febrile illnesses as common health problem. They classified febrile illnesses into sardi ko jwaro, dokh, lagu/laganiko jwaro and aulo jwaro. Fever occurring after engaging in heavy physical work is described as dagdi. Severe and complicated form of fever is interpreted as dokh in cultural meaning and typhoid as biomedical concept. Febrile illness which does not respond to biomedicine, but it is relieved by traditional ritual healing is labeled as lagani ko jwaro. Malaria fever is locally known as aul or aulo jwaro. People often avoid certain food such as sour curd, meat, egg, oily and spicy food during fever to prevent it from resulting in dokh (complicated fever). Herbal home remedy is rarely used in febrile illness. Now a day, local people interpret dokh as typhoid and aulo as malaria fever and seek medical treatment from local health institutions and private practitioners. Local perceptions of febrile illnesses such as dokh and aulo overlap with the biomedical concepts of typhoid and malaria fever due to interaction with both traditional healers and health care providers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6359 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 121-42
British Gurkha Recruitment and Higher Education of Gurung Young Men
Authors: Gurung Shibaji 
Published: June 2012

The Gurungs have historical attachment with British Gurkha recruitment and some special social values about it have been developed. So, lahure practice has been developed as a culture among them. This research has tried to analyze the impact of British Gurkha recruitment on the higher education of Gurung young men. The social value of being a lahure and an educated professional in the Gurung community is a major discourse of the study. The study is based on the field work carried out in Pokhara Sub-metropolis. It is basically qualitative in nature and interview was adopted as the main tool to collect the necessary information. Being a lahure is a matter of great craze among the Gurung youths. The socio-cultural circumstances also encourage them to try for recruitment. There is high social value of being a lahure in the Gurung community in contrast with getting higher education. The educational attainment of the Gurung youths is inter-related with these social values. It has an adverse effect on the educational status of the Gurung youths. The educational achievement of the Gurung community would have been far better if the community was not dominated by the pro-lahure culture.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6361Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 143-70
Eyewitness Accounts on Climate Variability and the Responses: Perspectives from Farmers
Authors: Poudel Jiban Mani 
Published: June 2012

People with different socio-cultural arrangements havedifferent experiences and responses to climatic variability. The place specific experiences and responses at community level still remain a little explored issue in the discourse of climate change research. This paper deals with local experiences of climatic variability which have been monitoring by locals in their lifetime, on the one hand, and, on the other, explore their responses or coping mechanisms which they have been practicing to mitigate with climatic risks. Moreover, farmers’ experiences were documented in term of observed climatic variability in their lifetime focusing on qualitative data. I have used eyewitness accounts and hearsays to document their experiences of climatic variability. Moreover, farmers have developed various coping mechanisms such as indigenous knowledge, utilize kinship based social network, environment friendly cropping practices, and use of alternative sources of water (water-tanker, well-water) for irrigation, arrange rain-making ritual to cope with climatic uncertainty in their lifetime.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6362Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 171-90
Construction of Identity in Globalized Milieu: A New Paradigm
Authors: Sharma Manju 
Published: June 2012

In anthropological perspective, identity is taken from the two opposite angles; uniqueness and sameness. Uniqueness keeps the properties, which make a person distinct from the others. Sameness keeps the qualities that a person is associated with others, with groups or categories on the basis of some salient common features. This article analyzes how individual or group identity is created, reshaped and molded after physical mobility of the people, what plays roles in creating identity, what values for that, and how it can be institutionalized. The paper concludes that immigrants’ identity is constructed through the interaction among the rapidly increasing global inflows of knowledge; their own previous worldviews; the new social cultural patterns of host country; norms and values of other surrounding immigrants, and the perception of external pressure. In the process of cultural mixing, there is possibility of cultural homogenization and cultural heterogenization. Similar worldviews make the people nearer to each other which broaden the circle of ‘us’ and hence can lead toward homogenization of culture. On the other hand, dissimilarities in worldviews increase the level of ‘them’ therefore leads towards heterogenization.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6363 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 191-204
Patients’ and Caretakers’ Satisfaction at Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Dahal Sushma , Bhandari Ram Prasad 
Published: June 2012

Curative services are highly demanded component of health service. Besides competence in technical aspects; behavior of health care providers, availability of consumer friendly environment and the trusting relationship with the physician along with open two way communication between health care provider and consumer determines the consumers’ perception about the quality of service that further determines whether they seek and continue to use services. This study was conducted with the objective of finding out consumers’ satisfaction with the services of Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara and the findings can be helpful in designing interventions accordingly. A client-exit interview was conducted which included 146 respondents representing both old and new OPD cases of the hospital. Two Focus Group Discussions were also conducted. Results obtained showed that service of hospital were of good satisfaction to more than half of the respondents. Drug availability and cheap cost of service were strong aspects of hospital. More than half of the respondents had visited private medicals before coming to hospital. Poor place of examination, poor hospital sanitation, long waiting time for doctor and service of staffs other than doctor were some of the aspects that consumers were poorly satisfied with. Fifty four out of 115 (47%) who had spent less than 5 minutes with the doctor, had good satisfaction with doctors’ service. Hence, consumers’ satisfaction is influenced by the factors like behavior of attending physician and other hospital staffs, place of examination, waiting time for doctor, hospital sanitation etc.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6364 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 205-16
Political Anthropology and Anthropology of Politics: An Overview
Authors: Dhakal Suresh 
Published: June 2012

In this short review, I have tried to sketch an overview of historical development of political anthropology and its recent trends. I was enthused to prepare this review article as there does not exist any of such simplified introduction of one of the prominent sub-fields in cultural anthropology for the Nepalis readers, in particular. I believe this particular sub-field has to offer much to understand and explain the recent trends and current turmoil of the political transition in the country. Political anthropologists than any other could better explain how the politics is socially and culturally embedded and intertwined, therefore, separation of the two – politics from social and cultural processes – is not only impossible but methodologically wrong, too. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6365 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 217-34
Kulpuja: A Ritual and Behavior of Magar
Authors: Sapkota Prakash Prasad 
Published: June 2012

Human beings take themselves superior for having the capacity of development of culture to their environment for survival. From the beginning of civilization, people prepared, accumulated the knowledge and preserved it as a form of culture. Culture is the body of thought and knowledge both theoretical and practical, which only man can possess. It is the sum total of achievements which develops traits by traits. Among them kulpuja ritual is one of the central traits. In this paper, I explore why rituals like kulpuja are celebrated and what relation they have with the behavior of the indigenous people—the Magars of Langaun of Baglung district, western Nepal. The research was carried out by using descriptive and explanatory research design. Participant observation, group discussion and key informant interview were carried out to collect the primary data. The Magars are rich in their ritual activities; among them kulpuja is the most important one. Like other castes and many ethnic groups of the world, the Magars of Langaun also sacrifice and offer chicken and black pig’s heart for their ancestral god. They believe on supreme power which is able for the termination of the evil eyes as well as other obstacles and illness by the happiness of their ancestral god. The offering of a live heart is a unique feature which is carried out emotionally. The rate of generation gap is clearly seen between the members of Magars. The elders are worried about the increasing rate of dependency in their offspring and feel how the children are able to survive within their environment. The importance of this ritual bind among the members of the community is deteriorating continuously in the name of modernization in younger members of the community.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6366 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 235-46
Understanding the Chepangs and Shifting Cultivation: A Case Study from Rural Village of Central Nepal
Authors: Sharma Dhruba Prasad 
Published: June 2012

This article attempts to seek the understanding and perception of Chepang on the practices of khoriya cultivation. It tries to explain the relationship of Chepang people to their traditional khoriya land by assessing the socio-cultural and economic importance in their life. Chepang’s indigenousness is closely connected to khoriya cultivation and the land is their ethnic and indigenous identity. The practices of shifting cultivation have to be understood holistically within the domain of social and cultural analysis. However, their relationship to their khoriya land and the agricultural practice cannot be understood only in measurable indicators and specific manners. For Chepang, shifting cultivation is a good ecological adaptation to their surrounding environmental settings based on indigenous knowledge and skills developed in the particular geographical setting on basis of trial and error. To understand culture, history and everyday life of the Chepang, knowing all about their traditional agricultural practice i.e. shifting cultivation is very significant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6367 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 247-62
Book Review: Fisher, W. F. (2001). Fluid Boundaries: Forming and Transforming Identity in Nepal. Columbia University Press. USA
Authors: Acharya Pradeep 
Published: June 2012

No abstract available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6370 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 273-6
Book Review: Caplan, A. Patricia (1972 ). Priests and Cobblers: A Study of Social Change in a Hindu Village in Western Nepal. San Francisco: Chandler publishing company.
Authors: Adhikari Bishow Bandhu 
Published: June 2012

No abstract available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6372 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 277-80
IFN-β Expression Is Directly Activated in Human Neutrophils Transfected with Plasmid DNA and Is Further Increased via TLR-4–Mediated Signaling
Authors: Tamassia Nicola , Bazzoni Flavia , Le Moigne Vincent , Calzetti Federica , Masala Caterina , Grisendi Giulia , Bussmeyer Uta , Scutera Sara , De Gironcoli Marzia , Costantini Claudio , Musso Tiziana , Cassatella Marco A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Upon LPS binding, TLR4 activates a MyD88-dependent pathway leading to the transcriptional activation of proinflammatory genes, as well as a MyD88-independent/TRIF-dependent pathway, responsible for the transcriptional induction of IFN-β. Previous findings delineated that human neutrophils are unable to induce the transcription of IFN-β in response to TLR4 stimulation. Because neutrophils do not express protein kinase C ε, a molecule recently reported as essential for initiating the MyD88-independent/TRIF-dependent pathway, we optimized an electroporation method to transfect PKCε into neutrophils with very high efficiency. By doing so, a significant IFN-β mRNA expression was induced, in the absence of LPS stimulation, not only in PKCε-overexpressing neutrophils but also in cells transfected with a series of empty DNA plasmids; however, LPS further upregulated the IFN-β transcript levels in plasmid-transfected neutrophils, regardless of PKCε overexpression. Phosphoimmunoblotting studies, as well as chromatin immunoprecipitation assays targeting the IFN-β promoter, revealed that IFN-β mRNA induction occurred through the cooperative action of IRF3, activated by transfected DNA, and NF-κB, activated by LPS. Additional immunoblotting and coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed that neutrophils constitutively express various cytosolic DNA sensors, including IFN-inducible protein 16, leucine-rich repeat (in Flightless I) interacting protein-1, and DDX41, as well as that IFN-inducible protein 16 is the intracellular receptor recognizing transfected DNA. Consistently, infection of neutrophils with intracellular pathogens, such as Bartonella henselae, Listeria monocytogenes, Legionella pneumophila, or adenovirus type 5, promoted a marked induction of IFN-β mRNA expression. Taken together, these data raise questions about the role of PKCε in driving the MyD88-independent/TRIF-dependent response and indicate that human neutrophils are able to recognize and respond to microbial cytosolic DNA.