bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic disparity in mortality after diagnosis of colorectal cancer among inner city minority New Yorkers
Authors: Kanna Balavenkatesh , Narang Tarun K. , Atwal Tegpal , Paul Doru , Azeez Sulaiman 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Ethnic disparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality are observed in the United States. The authors studied this among minority New Yorkers with CRC.METHODS:In a study of CRC patients in a New York City teaching hospital, 5‐year data on demographics and clinical features were reviewed. Adjusted cancer‐related deaths and early deaths (within 6 months of diagnosis) were compared among African Americans (AAs) and Hispanics. Descriptive analyses, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported. A P value of <.05 was considered significant.RESULTS:Among 202 CRC subjects, we noted the following: Hispanics, 148 (73%); AAs, 54 (27%); women, 107 (53%); mean age, 64.5 years; and screening colonoscopy, 44 (22%). CRC was diagnosed by colonoscopy in 157 (78%) and by surgery in 45 (22%) cases. One hundred twenty‐two (60%) had stage 0‐II CRC, and 69 (34%) had proximal colonic lesions. Fifty‐four of 202 patients died during the study period (median, 27 months), of whom 24 (11.9%) were early deaths. Significantly higher odds of death (OR, 3.98; 95% CI, 2.03‐7.81), especially early death (OR, 5.94; 95% CI, 2.42‐14.6) was observed among AAs. There was no difference in demographic and other clinical features, or treatment between Hispanics and AAs (P = nonsignificant).CONCLUSIONS:The first to compare inner city minority subjects with CRC, the authors observed increased odds of death in AAs, despite similar clinical features and living environment. Tumor behavior or host response among AAs could explain this difference. Aggressive therapeutic and early detection strategies need to be tested in a large randomized study setting to substantiate our study findings. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Phase 2 trial results with the novel neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist casopitant in combination with ondansetron and dexamethasone for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy
Authors: Arpornwirat Wichit , Albert Istvan , Hansen Vincent L. , Levin Jeremey , Bandekar Rajesh R. , Grunberg Steven M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:This randomized, double‐blind, dose‐ranging, placebo‐controlled, phase 2 trial evaluated the neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist casopitant mesylate in combination with ondansetron/dexamethasone (ond/dex) for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) related to moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC).METHODS:Chemotherapy‐naive patients who were receiving MEC (N = 723) were randomized to receive either oral placebo or casopitant at doses of 50 mg, 100 mg, or 150 mg daily (on Days 1‐3) plus ondansetron (on Days 1‐3) and dexamethasone (Day 1). Two exploratory arms evaluated single‐dose casopitant (150 mg) plus ond/dex and a 3‐day casopitant regimen with once‐daily ondansetron and dexamethasone. Primary endpoints were rates of complete response (CR) (no vomiting, retching, rescue therapy, or premature discontinuation) and significant nausea (SN) (≥25 mm on a visual analog scale) over the first 120 hours after Cycle 1 of MEC. Secondary endpoints included acute and delayed CR and SN rates, rates of nausea, vomiting, and safety.RESULTS:All casopitant doses that were tested significantly increased the proportion of patients with CR: The CR rates were 80.8% with casopitant 50 mg, 78.5% with casopitant 100 mg, and 84.2% with casopitant 150 mg compared with 69.4% in the control group (P = .0127); casopitant 150 mg was identified as the minimally effective dose. In exploratory analyses, single‐dose casopitant demonstrated a 79.2% CR rate, and once‐daily ondansetron plus casopitant produced an 83.5% CR rate. Vomiting rates in the first 5 days after MEC were reduced with casopitant‐containing regimens (from 23% to 10%‐16%). Rates of SN did not differ among treatment arms (range, 28%‐29%). Casopitant appeared to be well tolerated with no notable differences in overall adverse event frequency.CONCLUSIONS:Casopitant plus ond/dex was more effective than ond/dex alone for the prevention of CINV. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Impact of radiation and chemotherapy on risk of dental abnormalities
Authors: Kaste Sue C. , Goodman Pamela , Leisenring Wendy , Stovall Marilyn , Hayashi Robert J. , Yeazel Mark , Beiraghi Soraya , Hudson Melissa M. , Sklar Charles A. , Robison Leslie L. , Baker K. Scott 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The current study was performed to describe frequencies and risk factors of altered oral health and odontogenesis in childhood cancer survivors.METHODS:In total, 9308 survivors who were diagnosed between 1970 and 1986 and 2951 siblings from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study completed a survey that contained oral‐dental health information. The authors analyzed treatment impact, socioeconomic data, and patient demographics on dental outcomes using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs).RESULTS:In multivariate analysis, survivors were more likely to report microdontia (OR, 3.0; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.4‐3.8), hypodontia (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4‐2.0), root abnormalities (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.2‐4.0), abnormal enamel (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 2.0‐2.9), teeth loss ≥6 (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.9‐3.6), severe gingivitis (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0‐1.5), and xerostomia (OR, 9.7; 95% CI, 4.8‐19.7). Controlling for chemotherapy and socioeconomic factors, radiation exposure of ≥20 Gray to dentition was associated significantly with an increased risk of ≥1 dental abnormality. Dose‐dependent alkylating agent therapy significantly increased the risk of ≥1 anatomic/developmental dental abnormalities in survivors who were diagnosed at age <5 years (OR, 1.7, 2.7, and 3.3 for alkylating agent scores of 1, 2, and 3, respectively).CONCLUSIONS:Radiation and chemotherapy were independent risk factors for adverse oral‐dental sequelae among childhood cancer survivors. The authors concluded that patients who received receiving alkylating agents at age <5 years should be closely monitored. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Effect of allopurinol versus urate oxidase on methotrexate pharmacokinetics in children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Crews Kristine R. , Zhou Yinmei , Pauley Jennifer L. , Howard Scott C. , Jeha Sima , Relling Mary V. , Pui Ching‐Hon 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Allopurinol and urate oxidase are both effective in preventing or treating hyperuricemia during remission induction therapy for lymphoid malignancies, but to the authors' knowledge, their effects on concomitant anticancer drug therapy have not been compared.METHODS:The authors compared plasma methotrexate pharmacokinetics in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia who received concomitant allopurinol (n = 20) versus those treated with nonrecombinant or recombinant urate oxidase (n = 96) during high‐dose methotrexate administration before conventional remission induction therapy.RESULTS:The minimum plasma concentration of uric acid was significantly (P < .0001) lower after urate oxidase treatment than the concentration after allopurinol treatment. Methotrexate clearance was significantly higher (median, 117.1 mL/minute/m2 vs 91.1 mL/minute/m2; P = .019) in patients who received urate oxidase. A higher proportion of patients in the allopurinol group had elevated methotrexate plasma concentrations (36% vs 7%; P = .003) and experienced mucositis (45% vs 16%; P = .003) after methotrexate treatment compared with the urate oxidase group.CONCLUSIONS:The lower rate of methotrexate clearance in patients who received allopurinol likely reflected a less potent hypouricemic effect of allopurinol, leading to precipitation of uric acid in renal tubules. Hence, during remission induction therapy for lymphoid malignancies, the authors concluded that renally excreted drugs should be monitored closely, especially in patients who are receiving allopurinol. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Analysis and modeling of the semantically associated network on the Web
Authors: Chen Xue , Luo Xiangfeng , Zhang Shun Xiang , Xu Zheng 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe semantically associated network on the Web is a Semantic Link Network built by mining the associated relation between Web pages. The associated link from page A to page B indicates that users who have browsed page A is likely to also browse page B. This paper explores the statistical properties of the associated network on the Web. Web pages of a specific domain are automatically downloaded by a Web crawler to build an associated network. We analyze the associated network at different domain thresholds and classify the topology into three states, that is, the original state, the kernel state and the final state. A mathematical model is built to study the in‐degree distribution, the out‐degree distribution and the total‐degree distribution for both the kernel state and the final state. By tuning the model parameters to reasonable values, we obtain the distinct power‐law forms for the three degree distributions with exponents that agree well with the statistical data. The proposed model can not only describe the evolving processes of the associated network on the Web, but also provides theory basis for complex applications such as semantic community discovery, intelligent browsing and recommendation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel imaging‐based high‐throughput screening approach to anti‐angiogenic drug discovery
Authors: Evensen Lasse , Micklem David R. , Link Wolfgang , Lorens James B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe successful progression to the clinic of angiogenesis inhibitors for cancer treatment has spurred interest in developing new classes of anti‐angiogenic compounds. The resulting surge in available candidate therapeutics highlights the need for robust, high‐throughput angiogenesis screening systems that adequately capture the complexity of new vessel formation while providing quantitative evaluation of the potency of these agents. Available in vitro angiogenesis assays are either cumbersome, impeding adaptation to high‐throughput screening formats, or inadequately model the complex multistep process of new vessel formation. We therefore developed an organotypic endothelial‐mural cell co‐culture assay system that reflects several facets of angiogenesis while remaining compatible with high‐throughput/high‐content image screening. Co‐culture of primary human endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMC) results in assembly of a network of tubular endothelial structures enveloped with vascular basement membrane proteins, thus, comprising the three main components of blood vessels. Initially, EC are dependent on vSMC‐derived VEGF and sensitive to clinical anti‐angiogenic therapeutics. A subsequent phenotypic VEGF‐switch renders EC networks resistant to anti‐VEGF therapeutics, demarcating a mature vascular phenotype. Conversely, mature EC networks remain sensitive to vascular disrupting agents. Therefore, candidate anti‐angiogenic compounds can be interrogated for their relative potency on immature and mature networks and classified as either vascular normalizing or vascular disrupting agents. Here, we demonstrate that the EC‐vSMC co‐culture assay represents a robust high‐content imaging high‐throughput screening system for identification of novel anti‐angiogenic agents. A pilot high‐throughput screening campaign was used to define informative imaging parameters and develop a follow‐up dose‐response scheme for hit characterization. High‐throughput screening using the EC‐vSMC co‐culture assay establishes a new platform to screen for novel anti‐angiogenic compounds for cancer therapy. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Differential expression of TrkB isoforms switches climbing fiber‐Purkinje cell synaptogenesis to selective synapse elimination
Authors: Sherrard Rachel M. , Dixon Kirsty J. , Bakouche Joëlle , Rodger Jenny , Lemaigre‐Dubreuil Yolande , Mariani Jean 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCorrect neural function depends on precisely organized connectivity, which is refined from broader projections through synaptic/collateral elimination. In the rat, olivocerebellar topography is refined by regression of multiple climbing fiber (CF) innervation of Purkinje cells (PC) during the first two postnatal weeks. The molecules that initiate this regression are not fully understood. We assessed the role of cerebellar neurotrophins by examining tropomycin receptor kinase (Trk) receptor expression in the inferior olive and cerebellum between postnatal days (P)3‐7, when CF‐PC innervation changes from synapse formation to selective synapse elimination, and in a denervation‐reinnervation model when synaptogenesis is delayed. Trks A, B, and C are expressed in olivary neurons; although TrkA was not transported to the cerebellum and TrkC was unchanged during innervation and reinnervation, suggesting that neither receptor is involved in CF‐PC synaptogenesis. In contrast, both total and truncated TrkB (TrkB.T) increased in the olive and cerebellum from P4, whereas full‐length and activated phosphorylated TrkB (phospho‐TrkB) decreased from P4‐5. This reveals less TrkB signaling at the onset of CF regression. This expression pattern was reproduced during CF‐PC reinnervation: in the denervated hemicerebellum phospho‐TrkB decreased as CF terminals degenerated, then increased in parallel with the delayed neosynaptogenesis as new CFs reinnervated the denervated hemicerebellum. In the absence of this signaling, CF reinnervation did not develop. Our data reveal that olivocerebellar TrkB activity parallels CF‐PC synaptic formation and stabilization and is required for neosynaptogenesis. Furthermore, TrkB.T expression rises to reduce TrkB signaling and permit synapse elimination. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009
MHD peristaltic flow of a third order fluid in an asymmetric channel
Authors: Ali N. , Hayat T. , Wang Y. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis study is concerned with peristaltic flow of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid in an asymmetric channel. Asymmetry in the flow is induced by waves on the channel walls having different amplitudes and phase. A systematic approach based on an expansion of Deborah number is used for the solution series. Analytic expressions have been developed for the stream function, axial velocity and axial pressure gradient. The pressure rise over a wavelength has been addressed through numerical integration. Particular attention has been given to the effects of Hartman number and Deborah number on the pressure rise over a wavelength and the trapping phenomenon. Several limiting solutions of interest are obtained as the special cases of the presented analysis by taking the appropriate parameter(s) to be zero. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A note on compressive limiting for two‐material flows
Authors: Banks J. W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this short note we describe a simple extension to the multi‐material shock‐capturing algorithm presented in (J. Comput. Phys. 2007; 223:262–297) that can be used to maintain sharp material interfaces. The method takes the form of an artificial compression which is designed so that the material indicator jumps across only a few cells but which does not excite physical instabilities in the flow. The advantages of the approach include its simplicity and flexibility in that it provides a parameter that effectively determines the captured interface thickness. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurological signs and late‐life depressive symptoms in a community population: the ESPRIT study
Authors: Soremekun Mishael , Stewart Robert , Portet Florence , Artero Sylvaine , Ancelin Marie‐Laure , Ritchie Karen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveDepression in the elderly is common and often resistant to treatment. It has been suggested that late‐life depression may be related to underlying neurobiological changes. However, these observations are derived from diverse clinical samples and as yet have not been confirmed in a more representative population study. Our aim was to investigate associations between neurological signs as markers of underlying brain dysfunction and caseness for depression in an elderly community sample, controlling for physical health and comorbid/past neurological disorders.MethodA cross‐sectional analysis of 2102 older people without dementia from the ESPRIT project. Depressive symptomatology was ascertained using the CES‐D and abnormal neurological signs/comorbidity from a full neurological examination according to ICD‐10 criteria.ResultsPyramidal, extrapyramidal, cranial nerve and sensory deficit signs were significantly associated with case‐level depressive symptoms. However, all odds ratios were close to null values in participants who did not have previous neurological disorder.ConclusionsWe confirmed previous findings of an association between neurological signs and case‐level depressive symptoms in late life. However, this association may simply reflect the impact of more severe comorbid neurological disorder. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nursing home structure and association with agitation and use of psychotropic drugs in nursing home residents in three countries: Norway, Austria and England
Authors: Testad I. , Auer S. , Mittelman M. , Ballard C. , Fossey J. , Donabauer Y. , Aarsland D. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the underlying mechanisms and risk factors leading to agitation is crucial to reduce the severity of agitation and increase quality of life. International comparative studies offer special advantages in elucidating environmental risk factors by providing a wider diversity of environmental exposures such as nursing home structures, health care systems and genetic diversity.MethodsBaseline data for three different intervention studies in Austria (n = 38), England (n = 302) and Norway (n = 163) were combined posthoc. Patients were grouped according to their dementia severity using the global deterioration scale (GDS), functional assessment staging (FAST) and clinical dementia rating (CDR) scales. For the measurement of agitation, the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) was used. Data analysis was performed using one‐way ANOVA, multivariate and linear regression analysis.ResultsCMAI scores were available for 503 subjects with dementia. There were significant differences between the nursing home residents in the three countries regarding age, gender and dementia severity (all p values < 0.001). In the multivariate analyses, the level of agitation differed with higher mean scores in the Austrian (mean (SD) score 51.9(21.8)) compared to UK (43.3(16.1)) and Norwegian (41.6(13.2)) nursing homes (p = 0.002). Similarly, the use of psychotropic drugs differed significantly, with a higher proportion of neuroleptics in UK (48%, p < 0.001) and Austrian (52.6%; p = 0.001) compared to Norwegian (19%) nursing homes.ConclusionWe found differences in agitation and antipsychotic drug use which are likely related to structural and cultural differences in nursing homes in three European countries. These findings suggest that structural changes can improve quality of care and quality of life for nursing home residents. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Being liked activates primary reward and midline self‐related brain regions
Authors: Davey Christopher G. , Allen Nicholas B. , Harrison Ben J. , Dwyer Dominic B. , Yücel Murat 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe experience of being liked is a key social event and fundamental to motivating human behavior, though little is known about its neural underpinnings. In this study, we examined the experience of being liked in a group of 15‐ to 24‐year‐old: a cohort for whom forming friendships has a great degree of salience, and for whom the explicit representation of relationships is familiar from their frequent use of social networking technologies. Study participants (n = 19) were led to believe that other participants had formed an opinion on their likability based on their appearance in a photograph, and during fMRI scanning viewed the photographs of people who had purportedly responded favorably to them (alongside photographs of control participants). Results indicated that being liked activated primary reward‐ and self‐related regions, including the nucleus accumbens, midbrain (in an area corresponding to the ventral tegmentum), ventromedial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex (including retrosplenial cortex), amygdala, and insula/opercular cortex. Participants showed greater activation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala in response to being liked by people that they regarded highly compared to those they regarded less so. Finally, being liked by the opposite compared to the same gender activated the right caudal orbitofrontal cortex and right anterior insula: areas important for the representation of primary somatic rewards. This study demonstrates that neural response to being liked has features that are consistent with response to other rewarding events, but it has additional features that reflect its intrinsically interpersonal character. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TL1A produced by lamina propria macrophages induces Th1 and Th17 immune responses in cooperation with IL-23 in patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Kamada Nobuhiko , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Honda Haruki , Kobayashi Taku , Chinen Hiroshi , Takayama Tetsuro , Kitazume Mina T. , Okamoto Susumu , Koganei Kazutaka , Sugita Akira , Kanai Takanori , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like protein 1A (TL1A) is a member of the TNF superfamily and contributes to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) by stimulating T-helper (Th) 1 cells. In addition to Th1, recent studies have focused on the role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of CD. Here we tried to clarify the role of TL1A in Th1 and Th17 immunity in CD.

Methods
TL1A expression was assessed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in lamina propria (LP) macrophages (LP-MΦs) from normal controls (NC) and patients with CD or ulcerative colitis (UC). Purified LP CD4+ T cells were stimulated with TL1A and/or IL-23 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-17 levels were analyzed. We also examined the effect of TL1A on naïve CD4+ T-cell differentiation.

Results
We found that LP-MΦs are a major producer of TL1A. TL1A expression was markedly enhanced in LP-MΦs from CD patients compared with NC or UC patients. IL-23, in addition to TL1A, was induced in LP-MΦs by commensal bacteria stimulation. TL1A and IL-23 synergistically promoted the production of IFN-γ and IL-17 by LP T cells, while TL1A alone did not induce cytokine production. Furthermore, TL1A promoted Th17 differentiation from naïve T cells by LP-MΦs; however, IL-23 did not show any synergistic effects on Th17 differentiation.

Conclusions
TL1A expressed in LP-MΦs might play an important role in the pathogenesis of CD by inducing Th1 and Th17 immunity. IL-23 differentially regulated these functions of TL1A on memory and naïve T cells. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009