bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhabdias mcguirei sp. nov. (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) from the flying lizard, Draco spilopterus (Squamata, Agamidae) of the northern Philippines
Authors: Tkach Vasyl , Kuzmin Yuriy , Brown Rafe 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRhabdias mcguirei sp. nov., is described on the basis of specimens found in the lungs of northern Philippine flying lizards, Draco spilopterus (Reptilia, Agamidae) collected in Aurora province, Luzon Island, Philippines. It is characterized by a rounded oral opening, a buccal capsule consisting of anterior and posterior parts, and the shape of the cuticular inflation in the anterior part of the body: the cuticle is less inflated in the anterior-most part, with the inflation gradually thickening up to the level of the oesophageal-intestinal junction. The new species is differentiated from the 11 most closely related species of Rhabdias previously known from lizards.
A checklist of the Cymothoidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) recorded from Indian fishes
Authors: Trilles Jean-Paul , Ravichandran Samuthirapandian , Rameshkumar Ganapathy 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA checklist of the parasitic Cymothoidae of Indian fishes was compiled from parasitological records published between 1783 and 2011. The checklist is arranged alphabetically, providing valid names, synonyms and authorities of the parasite species, as well as valid names and synonyms of the host fish, its capture sites, author(s) and date of published records. The host list consists of all parasites species listed under the host species. A total of 47 nominal species corresponding to 36 valid species are listed from 74 host species belonging to 34 families. Several parasites not identified to species level and parasite species without the host data or where the parasite was found not associated with a fish are also included in this checklist.
Genetic diversity among microsporidian isolates from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, as revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers
Authors: Surendra Nath B. , Hassan W. , Nageswara Rao S. , Vijaya Prakash N. , Gupta S. , Madana Mohanan N. , Bajpai A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRandom amplification of polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) was carried out to assess the genetic diversity of five new microsporidian isolates viz., NIWB-11bp, NIWB-12n, NIWB-13md, NIWB-14b and NIWB-15mb identified from the silkworms. A type species, NIK-1s_mys was used as control for comparison. Differences in the spore shape, length and width were observed. Of the 30 decamer random primers tested, 22 primers gave repeatable RAPD profiles and yielded a total of 143 fragments, of which 78 were polymorphic (55%). The resulting data was used to derive genetic similarity values for constructing a dendrogram. The neighbour joining method based on Dice coefficients indicate a major cluster comprising NIK-1s_mys, NIWB-11bp and NIWB-12n, whereas NIWB-13md, NIWB-14b and NIWB-15mb appear to be different from each other as well from the major cluster mentioned above which includes the type species (NIK-1s_mys). Based on the reproducibility of RAPD profiles, we are able to identify these microsporidians as different isolates. The RAPD technique may be useful in detecting sources of infection of this economically important domestic insect.
Phenotypic differences of Haemonchus contortus from sheep and goats in the States of Perak and Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Gharamah Abdullah , Rahman Wahab , Nor Siti 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe large stomach worm, Haemonchus contortus is a highly pathogenic nematode parasite of sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus). It sucks blood and causes acute disease, anaemia and severe economic losses due to morbidity and mortality. This paper compares characteristics of surface cuticular ridges (synlophe) and morphometrics of total body length, cervical papillae, spicules, barbs, gubernaculum and vulvar flap morphology of H. contortus recovered in the two hosts from the States of Perak and Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. The morphological variation in H. contortus samples recovered from the two hosts in Kelantan was found to be higher than from Perak. A discriminant function, based on three measurements of the spicule, confirmed the identity of male worms in the two hosts as belonging to the same species H. contortus.
Microbiological Analysis of Some Raw Fish Samples
Authors: Das Monika , Hafiz Fauzia , Ahmed M Kawser , Parveen Sahana 
Published: December 2011

Total load of bacteria, fungi and pathogenic microorganisms in muscle-and-skin samples of 12 different species of fish were analyzed. Highest standard plate count (5.1 x 106 cfu/g) was observed in Batashi (Clupisoma atherinoides) and lowest (2.3 x 105 cfu/g) in Rui (Labeo rohita). Total bacterial load was almost similar in case of other fishes. Mold count was highest (7.5 x 102 cfu/g) in shrimp (Penaeus indicus) and lowest (8.0 x 101 cfu/g) in Pabda (Ompok pabda). Yeast count varied between 1.0 x 103 cfu/g in Batashi and 7.0 x 101 cfu/g in Rui. Total coliform and faecal coliform were detected in all the fish samples. Coliform count measured by most probable number (MPN) method was found to be 240/g in all fish samples. Faecal coliform count in the fish samples varied from 2.8 to 240/g. Salmonella was detected in at least two-third of the samples analysed. High microbial load in raw fishes indicates that raw fish would decompose very quickly at ambient temperature, and the presence of coliforms and Salmonella indicates the raw fish handling is not safe.Keywords: Fish, Microbiological analysis, Pathogens Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp 67-69
Case Report: Acute tuberculous laryngitis presenting as acute epiglottitis
Authors: El Beltagi Ahmed H , Khera Pushpinder S , Alrabiah Lamya , Al Shammari Noufa FJ 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe incidence of laryngeal tuberculosis (TB), which had dropped dramatically after the institution of modern anti-TB chemotherapy, has shown recent reemergence. It is important to be aware of its possibility, especially as it can present with nonspecific upper airway symptoms and a frequent lack of constitutional manifestations. We report such a case presenting as acute epiglottitis, with diffuse involvement of the supraglottic larynx associated with reactivation lung TB.
ADVANCEMENTS IN EPDM SPONGE COMPOUND PROCESSING USING EPDM BIMODAL POLYMERS
Authors: Jacob Sunny , Jourdain Eric P. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) elastomers are the primary polymer choice for automotive weatherseal applications due to their outstanding weathering and heat resistance properties. Automotive sealing systems are complex in design; in particular, door seals are one of the most complex components of the sealing system, generally consisting of a low-density sponge profile co-extruded onto a dense metal carrier, as attachment to the car body. Door (or weather) seals contribute to the comfort inside the car by providing insulation from water, vibration, and aerodynamic noises. The geometry of the sponge profile has become increasingly complex over the years to improve overall sealing performance. It controls the door closing force, assessed by load deflection measurements, and the long-term sealing performance, assessed through up to 1000 hours of compression set testing. In the last decade, the use of bimodal EPDM grades for the production of sponge profiles has grown significantly and contributed to increased productivity for door sealing systems. The recent advances in compound mixing and sponge extrusion using bimodal EPDM polymers will be reviewed. It will also be illustrated that such techniques can provide overall cost reduction and production efficiency without adverse effect on essential OEM requirements such as surface aspect, mechanical properties, compression load deflection and permanent set.
Enhancing Light Emission of Nanostructured Vertical Light‐Emitting Diodes by Minimizing Total Internal Reflection
Authors: Ye Byeong‐Uk , Kim Buem Joon , Song Yang Hee , Son Jun Ho , Yu Hak ki , Kim Myung Hwa , Lee Jong‐Lam , Baik Jeong Min 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNanostructured vertical light‐emitting diodes (V‐LEDs) with a very dense forest of vertically aligned ZnO nanowires on the surface of N‐face n‐type GaN are reported with a dramatic improvement in light extraction efficiency (∼3.0×). The structural transformation (i.e., dissociation of the surface nitrogen atoms) at the nanolevel by the UV radiation and Ozone treatments contributes significantly to the initial nucleation for the nanowires growth due to the interdiffusion of Zn into GaN, evident by the scanning photoemission microscopy (SPEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements. This enables the growth of densely aligned ZnO nanowires on N‐face n‐type GaN. This approach shows an extreme enhancement in light extraction efficiency (>2.8×) compared to flat V‐LEDs, in good agreement with the simulation expectations (∼3.01×) obtained from 3D finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) tools, explained by the wave‐guiding effect. The further increase (∼30%) in light extraction efficiency is also observed by optimized design of nanogeometry (i.e., MgO layer on ZnO nanorods).
Highly Efficient, Irreversible and Selective Ion Exchange Property of Layered Titanate Nanostructures
Authors: Li Nian , Zhang Lide , Chen Yongzhou , Fang Ming , Zhang Junxi , Wang Huimin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLayered titanates (Na2Ti3O7·nH2O) with exchangeable sodium cations located in the interlayer have been synthesized by simple hydrothermal treatment of Ti precursor in concentrated NaOH solutions. By proper control of the synthesis conditions, different morphologies of nanofibers and nanosheets are obtained. The metastable layered structure of the titanates collapses during the ion exchange, resulting in irreversible ion exchange. Target cations (eg., Ag+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Eu3+) are completely concentrated from water and then tightly immobilized in the interlayer which is of great significance for the removal and subsequent safe disposal of hazardous metal cations. The ion exchange of the nanosheets is much more efficient than that of the nanofibers and other inorganic ion exchangers due to the larger surface area, less stable layered structure and larger amount of interlayer water of the nanosheets. The ion exchange of the titanates is also very selective. Valence, hardness, and radius of cations are main factors affecting the selectivity. Cations trapped in the interlayer are released by an acid‐induced phase transformation of the titanate nanosheets to rutile. Then the rutile can be used as a new Ti precursor to synthesize the titanate nanostructures, resulting in a full cycle of material use. The nanosheets may find applications in the decontamination and safe disposal of radioactive and heavy metal cations and also in the collection of valuable cations from water.
Encapsulating Elastically Stretchable Neural Interfaces: Yield, Resolution, and Recording/Stimulation of Neural Activity
Authors: Graudejus Oliver , Morrison Barclay , Goletiani Cezar , Yu Zhe , Wagner Sigurd 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA high‐resolution elastically stretchable microelectrode array (SMEA) for interfacing with neural tissue is described. The SMEA consists of an elastomeric substrate, such as poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), elastically stretchable gold conductors, and an electrically insulating encapsulating layer in which contact holes are opened. We demonstrate the feasibility of producing contact holes with 40 μm × 40 μm openings, show why the adhesion of the encapsulation layer to the substrate is weakened during contact hole fabrication, and provide remedies. These improvements result in greatly increased fabrication yield and reproducibility. An SMEA with 28 microelectrodes was fabricated. The contact holes (100 μm × 100 μm) in the encapsulation layer are only ∼10% the size of the previous generation, allowing a larger number of microelectrodes per unit area, thus affording the capability to interface with a smaller neural population per electrode. This new SMEA is used to record spontaneous and evoked activity in organotypic hippocampal tissue slices at 0% strain before stretching, at 5% and 10% equibiaxial strain, and again at 0% strain after relaxation. Stimulus–response curves at each strain level are measured. The SMEA shows excellent biocompatibility for at least two weeks.
Rasta Resin–PPh3–NBniPr2 and its Use in One‐Pot Wittig Reaction Cascades
Authors: Teng Yan , Lu Jinni , Toy Patrick H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new triarylphosphine–tertiary amine bifunctional polymeric reagent has been prepared and used effectively in a variety of one‐pot Wittig reactions. The design of this reagent resolved a deficiency of a previously reported related material, and allowed it to perform more efficiently in such reactions. Furthermore, it was readily recyclable, and was also successfully applied in cascade processes involving one‐pot Wittig reactions followed by either a conjugate reduction or a reductive aldol reaction. In these reaction cascades, the phosphine oxide groups generated in the Wittig reaction served as the catalyst for the subsequent reaction.
Injection of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) to mice stimulates their HDL and macrophage antiatherogenicity
Authors: Rosenblat Mira , Volkova Nina , Aviram Michael 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe analyzed, for the first time, the effects of recombinant PON1 (rePON1) intraperitoneal injection to C57BL/6 mice on their HDL and macrophage antiatherogenic properties. Thioglycolate‐treated mice were injected with either saline (Control), or rePON1 (50 μg/mouse), and 20 H post injection, their blood samples and peritoneal macrophages (MPM) were collected. A significant increase in serum and HDL‐PON1 arylesterase and lactonase activities was noted. Similarly, a significant increment, by 3.8 and 2.8 fold, in MPM‐PON1 arylesterase and lactonase activities, respectively, as compared to the activities in control MPM was observed. The HDL from rePON1‐injected mice was resistant to oxidation by copper ions as compared to control HDL. Furthermore, enrichment of the mouse HDL with rePON1 increased its ability to induce cholesterol efflux from J774A.1 macrophage cell line, and to inhibit macrophage‐mediated LDL oxidation. In MPM from rePON1‐injected mice vs. control MPM, there was a significant reduction in cholesterol mass, by 42%, in association with inhibition in cellular cholesterol biosynthesis rate, by 33%, and with significant stimulation, by 65%, of human HDL‐mediated cholesterol efflux from the cells. We conclude that rePON1 injection to mice improved the mice HDL and MPM antiatherogenic properties, and these effects could probably lead to attenuation of atherosclerosis development.
Terpenoids from Maytenus Species and Assessment of Their Reversal Activity against a Multidrug‐Resistant Leishmania tropica Line
Authors: Kennedy María L. , Llanos Gabriel G. , Castanys Santiago , Gamarro Francisco , Bazzocchi Isabel L. , Jiménez Ignacio A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe phytochemical analysis of the root bark extracts of the Chilean Maytenus, M. chubutensis, and M. magellanica (Celastraceae), led to the isolation of one phenolic nortriterpene, 1, and one diterpene with a nor‐ent‐kaurene skeleton, 2. In addition, four known compounds were isolated, among which compound 3 has been isolated for the first time from a natural source. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR (COSY, ROESY, HSQC, and HMBC) experiments, comparison with data reported in the literature, and chemical correlations. The isolated compounds were assayed for their reversal activity against a multidrug‐resistant Leishmania tropica line, overexpressing a P‐glycoprotein related transporter. Compound 1 showed moderate multidrug‐resistance reversal activity.
Electrolysis of Water in the Diffusion Layer: First‐Principles Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Hofbauer Florian , Frank Irmgard 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWith Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations the elementary reaction steps of the electrolysis of bulk water are investigated. To simulate the reactions occurring near the anode and near the cathode, electrons are removed or added, respectively. The study focuses on the reactions in pure water. Effects depending on a particular electrode surface or a particular electrolyte are ignored. Under anodic conditions, the reaction continues till molecular oxygen is formed, under cathodic conditions the formation of molecular hydrogen is observed. In addition the formation of hydrogen peroxide is observed as an intermediate of the anodic reaction. The simulations demonstrate that the electrochemistry of oxygen formation without direct electrode contact can be explained by radical reactions in a solvent. These reactions may involve the intermediate formation of ions. The hydrogen formation is governed by rapid proton transfers between water molecules.
Modelling Zwitterions in Solution: 3‐Fluoro‐γ‐aminobutyric Acid (3F‐GABA)
Authors: Cao Jie , Bjornsson Ragnar , Bühl Michael , Thiel Walter , van Mourik Tanja 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe conformations and relative stabilities of folded and extended 3‐fluoro‐γ‐aminobutyric acid (3F‐GABA) conformers were studied using explicit solvation models. Geometry optimisations in the gas phase with one or two explicit water molecules favour folded and neutral structures containing intramolecular NH⋅⋅⋅O‐C hydrogen bonds. With three or five explicit water molecules zwitterionic minima are obtained, with folded structures being preferred over extended conformers. The stability of folded versus extended zwitterionic conformers increases on going from a PCM continuum solvation model to the microsolvated complexes, though extended structures become less disfavoured with the inclusion of more water molecules. Full explicit solvation was studied with a hybrid quantum‐mechanical/molecular‐mechanical (QM/MM) scheme and molecular dynamics simulations, including more than 6000 TIP3P water molecules. According to free energies obtained from thermodynamic integration at the PM3/MM level and corrected for B3LYP/MM total energies, the fully extended conformer is more stable than folded ones by about −4.5 kJ mol−1. B3LYP‐computed 3J(F,H) NMR spin–spin coupling constants, averaged over PM3/MM‐MD trajectories, agree best with experiment for this fully extended form, in accordance with the original NMR analysis. The seeming discrepancy between static PCM calculations and experiment noted previously is now resolved. That the inexpensive semiempirical PM3 method performs so well for this archetypical zwitterion is encouraging for further QM/MM studies of biomolecular systems.
Three‐Dimensional Porous Metal–Radical Frameworks Based on Triphenylmethyl Radicals
Authors: Datcu Angela , Roques Nans , Jubera Véronique , Maspoch Daniel , Fontrodona Xavier , Wurst Klaus , Imaz Inhar , Mouchaham Georges , Sutter Jean‐Pascal , Rovira Concepció , Veciana Jaume 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLanthanide coordination polymers {[Ln(PTMTC)(EtOH)2H2O]⋅x H2O, y EtOH} [Ln=Tb (1), Gd (2), and Eu (3)] and {[Ln(αHPTMTC)(EtOH)2H2O]⋅x H2O, y EtOH} [Ln=Tb (1′), Gd (2′), and Eu (3′)] have been prepared by reacting LnIII ions with tricarboxylate‐perchlorotriphenylmethyl/methane ligands that have a radical (PTMTC3−) or closed‐shell (αHPTMTC3−) character, respectively. X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal 3D architectures that combine helical 1D channels and a fairly rare (6,3) connectivity described with the (42.8)⋅(44.62.85.104) Schäfli symbol. Such 3D architectures make these polymers porous solids upon departure of the non‐coordinated guest‐solvent molecules as confirmed by the XRD structure of the guest‐free [Tb(PTMTC)(EtOH)2H2O] and [Tb(αHPTMTC)(EtOH)2H2O] materials. Accessible voids represent 40 % of the cell volume. Metal‐centered luminescence was observed in TbIII and EuIII coordination polymers 1′ and 3′, although the LnIII‐ion luminescence was quenched when radical ligands were involved. The magnetic properties of all these compounds were investigated, and the nature of the {Ln–radical} (in 1 and 2) and the {radical–radical} exchange interactions (in 3) were assessed by comparing the behaviors for the radical‐based coordination polymers 1–3 with those of the compounds with the diamagnetic ligand set. Whilst antiferromagnetic {radical–radical} interactions were found in 3, ferromagnetic {Ln–radical} interactions propagated in the 3D architectures of 1 and 2.
A Microporous Metal–Organic Framework for Highly Selective Separation of Acetylene, Ethylene, and Ethane from Methane at Room Temperature
Authors: He Yabing , Zhang Zhangjing , Xiang Shengchang , Fronczek Frank R. , Krishna Rajamani , Chen Banglin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA novel three‐dimensional microporous metal–organic framework Zn4L(DMA)4 (UTSA‐33, H8L=1,2,4,5‐tetra(5‐isophthalic acid)benzene, DMA=N,N′‐dimethylacetamide) with small pores of about 4.8 to 6.5 Å was synthesized and structurally characterized as a non‐interpenetrated (4,8)‐connected network with the flu topology (Schläfli symbol: (41261284)(46)2). The activated UTSA‐33 a exhibits highly selective separation of acetylene, ethylene, and ethane from methane with the adsorption selectivities of 12 to 20 at 296 K, which has been established exclusively by the sorption isotherms and simulated breakthrough experiments, thus methane can be readily separated from their binary and even ternary mixtures at room temperature.
Solid‐Supported Gallium Triflate: An Efficient Catalyst for the Three‐Component Ketonic Strecker Reaction
Authors: Wiles Charlotte , Watts Paul 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn light of the growing interest in the use of rare earth metal triflates as water‐tolerant Lewis acid catalysts, we embarked upon the development of a solid‐supported gallium triflate (PS‐Ga(OTf)2) derivative as a means of increasing the cleanliness and cost effectiveness of using these increasingly expensive catalytic materials in synthetic processes. Having previously highlighted the advantages associated with coupling solid‐supported catalysis and the emerging area of micro‐reaction technology, we screened PS‐Ga(OTf)2 for activity towards the ketonic Strecker reaction, in which the target α‐aminonitriles were obtained in higher yield and purity compared to reactions reported in literature, in which the analogous homogeneous catalyst was used.
Unprecedented Bidentate Coordination of the Uranyl Cation by the Chromate Anion in the Structure of [(CH3)2CHNH3]2[UO2(CrO4)2]
Authors: Siidra Oleg I. , Nazarchuk Evgeny V. , Krivovichev Sergey V. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract[(CH3)2CHNH3]2[UO2(CrO4)2] is the first uranyl chromate with a bidentate coordination mode between the uranyl and chromate ions. Although this type of coordination is typical for sulfates, it has not been previously observed for other group VI elements. Statistical analysis of the bidentate coordination geometry parameters in uranyl compounds is given.