bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Multiple Imputation to Integrate and Disseminate Confidential Microdata
Authors: Reiter Jerome P. 
Published: June 2009

Summary In data integration contexts, two statistical agencies seek to merge their separate databases into one file. The agencies also may seek to disseminate data to the public based on the integrated file. These goals may be complicated by the agencies' need to protect the confidentiality of database subjects, which could be at risk during the integration or dissemination stage. This article proposes several approaches based on multiple imputation for disclosure limitation, usually called synthetic data, that could be used to facilitate data integration and dissemination while protecting data confidentiality. It reviews existing methods for obtaining inferences from synthetic data and points out where new methods are needed to implement the data integration proposals.
Advances in the field of high‐molecular‐weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation by bacteria
Authors: Kanaly Robert A. , Harayama Shigeaki 
Published: June 2009

SummaryInterest in understanding prokaryotic biotransformation of high‐molecular‐weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW PAHs) has continued to grow and the scientific literature shows that studies in this field are originating from research groups from many different locations throughout the world. In the last 10 years, research in regard to HMW PAH biodegradation by bacteria has been further advanced through the documentation of new isolates that represent diverse bacterial types that have been isolated from different environments and that possess different metabolic capabilities. This has occurred in addition to the continuation of in‐depth comprehensive characterizations of previously isolated organisms, such as Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR‐1. New metabolites derived from prokaryotic biodegradation of four‐ and five‐ring PAHs have been characterized, our knowledge of the enzymes involved in these transformations has been advanced and HMW PAH biodegradation pathways have been further developed, expanded upon and refined. At the same time, investigation of prokaryotic consortia has furthered our understanding of the capabilities of microorganisms functioning as communities during HMW PAH biodegradation.
Divorce in Research vs. Divorce in Media
Authors: Rutter Virginia E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWhat is the case for divorce? Researchers in the sociology of family tend to find that divorce's impact depends on what the comparison is: compared to a distressed marriage, divorce has its benefits. Meanwhile, policy makers and general audiences alike get much of their information about divorce research via the news media, where the negative consequences of divorce tend to be exaggerated, especially when comparisons, selection bias, or other research issues are neglected. Over the past 20 years, U.S. news coverage of divorce illustrates two key, intertwined topics: moral entrepreneurship using divorce as an issue and divorce research using (or not) careful methods of comparison. Three cases discussed below (in 1988–1989, 2002–2004, and 2008) illustrate these two themes. The underlying research on the health and mental health effects (including by gender) of divorce on children and adults reviewed in this article makes a case for divorce. The overlay of media reporting on divorce research illuminates the purpose for offering a case for divorce.
Meaningful Performances: Considering the Contributions of the Dramaturgical Approach to Studying Family
Authors: Collett Jessica L. , Childs Ellen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article highlights the contributions of Erving Goffman's dramaturgical approach to both understanding and researching family. With its interest in the performative nature of human interaction and the active construction of social reality, the dramaturgical perspective is particularly well‐suited to study a dynamic social institution like the family. This article offers a brief introduction to the dramaturgical study of family by addressing important components of dramaturgy and contrasting it with other approaches to the sociology of family. The authors then demonstrate this approach in action by introducing two research areas that currently employ dramaturgical analyses – work on ‘doing family’ and the social construction of motherhood – and another that might benefit from such analyses, research on blended families. The article closes with further suggestions for future research attending to the performative aspects of family life.
The Sociology of Mental Health: A Brief Review of Major Approaches
Authors: Warner Joanne 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe article emphasises the importance of making sense of the theoretical debate in the sociology of mental health in order to ‘position’ the wide range of studies that have contributed to this field within three main approaches. The article indicates ways in which various studies have proved highly influential and continue to form the basis for research, policy and practice. Sociological concepts such as stigma continue to resonate as they highlight the sense in which negative social attitudes often make life harder for those who are already experiencing distress. The politics of risk in mental health, which has become a particularly powerful force in recent years, has made the prevailing climate more and not less stigmatising for those identified with ‘mental illness’. The article concludes by arguing that the sociology of mental health continues to offer the conceptual and theoretical foundation from which negative associations can be challenged and overturned.
Media and Sport: The Cultural Dynamics of Global Games
Authors: Rowe David 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe institutions of media and sport have increasingly converged over the last century, forming a media sports cultural complex of global proportions. This development has raised concerns over whether sport has become ‘mediatised’ and, conversely, that the media are increasingly ‘sportised’. The media sports cultural complex generates a vast array of representations of sport and the societies of which it is a part. It is important, therefore, to analyse the ways in which media sport texts reproduce or challenge prevailing ideologies of socio‐cultural power in such key areas as gender, ‘race’, ethnicity, and sexuality. Media sport texts are especially instrumental in representing national identities and international relations in an era of intensified globalisation. In covering events of national cultural significance, they are also implicated in issues surrounding ‘cultural citizenship’ and in attempts by sport fan communities to exercise greater control over a fluid, dynamic and highly contested media sport environment.
Resources influence dispersal and population structure in an endangered butterfly
Authors: FRED MARIANNE S. , BROMMER JON E. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.  1. The degree of dispersal between patches in a population partly determines its structure. Mark–release–recapture (MRR) studies of an archipelago population of the endangered apollo butterfly (Parnassius apollo, L 1758) revealed that most (79%) adult individuals remained within the patch where they were marked.2. Emigration out of a patch was female‐biased and decreased with the amount of (adult) nectar resources on a patch, but increased with greater proximity to nectar on other patches. Local population numbers positively correlated with total numbers of both emigrants and immigrants. Host‐plant abundance (larval resource) did not influence dispersal.3. The dispersal and population structure of this archipelago population differs pronouncedly from that of a previously studied mainland population where between‐patch dispersal is more frequent even when correcting for differences in habitat structure between the populations, and consequently the population structure is more patchy or open.4. The most prominent environmental factor affecting emigration is nectar resources. Both local patch conditions in terms of nectar on the patch and nectar availability on surrounding patches are important.5. The most important implications for conservation are that resource distribution affects dispersal and hence population‐level processes such as structure, and that emigration and immigration should be viewed as separate processes potentially governed by different environmental factors.
Fourteen‐year‐old girl with endobronchial carcinoid tumour presenting with asthma and lobar emphysema
Authors: Andersen Julie Bjerglund , Mortensen Jann , Damgaard Karen , Skov Marianne , Sparup Jørgen , Petersen Bodil Laub , Rechnitzer Catherine , Borgwardt Lise 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIntroduction:  Bronchial carcinoid tumours seldom occur in children, and represent a rare cause of pulmonary obstruction. Because of low clinical suspicion and the variable ways of presentation, diagnosis may be delayed.Objectives:  We report on a patient with this tumour. It is hoped that increased awareness of the tumour can lead to earlier diagnosis.Methods:  Report of a case.Results:  This case describes a 14‐year‐old previously healthy girl, presenting with asthma‐like symptoms throughout 2 years, decreased lung function and emphysema in left lower lobe on chest x‐ray. Computerized tomography (CT) showed an intraluminal process in the left main bronchus and emphysema in both the upper and lower left lobe and showed no signs of metastasis or spread to lung tissue. Bronchoscopy showed an inflammatory polyp. Surgical resection demonstrated a typical carcinoid tumour. Later control biopsy revealed no persisting malignant tissue. The asthma symptoms returned and a new bronchoscopy showed scarring and narrowing of the left bronchus. Treatment comprised of dilatation by bronchoscopy plus daily combination corticosteroids and beta‐2‐agonist inhalation and the symptoms improved. No signs of relapse 16 months postdiagnosis.Conclusions:  The case clearly shows the delay, which is common in the diagnosis of children with bronchial carcinoid tumours. Symptoms of the obstructive nature of the tumour are variable and might present as emphysema seen on x‐ray and CT. Carcinoid tumour should be considered in children with longstanding pulmonary symptoms with no response to conventional treatment. Prognosis is good but long‐term follow up is needed.Please cite this paper as: Andersen JB, Mortensen J, Damgaard K, Skov M, Sparup J, Petersen BL, Rechnitzer C and Borgwardt L. Fourteen‐year‐old girl with endobronchial carcinoid tumour presenting with asthma and lobar emphysema. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2010; 4: 120–124.
Levels of cysteinyl‐leukotrienes in exhaled breath condensate are not due to saliva contamination
Authors: Tufvesson Ellen , Van Weele Linda Jacqueline , Ekedahl Henrik , Bjermer Leif 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Saliva contamination has been suggested to be a major contributor to levels of cysteinyl leukotrienes in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). The aim of this study was to compare the levels of cysteinyl‐leukotrienes (CysLT) and α‐amylase activity in EBC to induced sputum and saliva collected from the same subjects (asthmatics and control). We thereby aimed to find out whether saliva contamination could be a plausible explanation to the levels found in EBC or not.Methods:  EBC, saliva and induced sputum were collected from 11 asthmatic and 19 healthy adults. These samples were analyzed for CysLT concentration and α‐amylase activity.Results:  No significant correlation was found between CysLT concentration and α‐amylase activity in EBC, saliva or sputum. In addition, we show that the saliva contamination (measured as α‐amylase activity) was negligible, as the relative amount of saliva CysLT was only 0.6% of that found in EBC. The amount of CysLT correlated between all three compartments (EBC, saliva and sputum), but no similar correlation was seen for the α‐amylase activity in EBC compared to saliva and sputum. The levels of CysLT were higher in asthmatic patients compared to healthy controls in EBC, saliva and sputum.Conclusion:  We conclude that the amount of CysLT in EBC cannot be explained by saliva contamination.Please cite this paper as: Tufvesson E, van Weele LJ, Ekedahl H and Bjermer L. Levels of cysteinyl‐leukotrienes in exhaled breath condensate are not due to saliva contamination. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2010; 4: 83–88.
Dental Care Visits among Dentate Adults with Diabetes and Periodontitis
Authors: Macek Mark D. , Tomar Scott L. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Objectives: Two national surveys have shown that dentate adults with diabetes are less likely to visit a dentist than are those without diabetes; one survey showed this association only among women. We hypothesize that periodontal health among those with diabetes could explain this disparity. This report investigates the influence of periodontitis on the association between diabetes and dental care visits. It also tests whether disparities are limited to women. Methods: Data from the 1999‐2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty status, education level, dental insurance, and periodontitis status. Weighted analyses were limited to dentate adults aged ≥25 years. Results: Overall, 56.8 percent of dentate adults with diabetes reported having a dental care visit in the preceding year compared with 64.7 percent for those without diabetes. In a multivariable model, diabetes status was significantly associated with having a dental care visit, independent of periodontitis status and covariates. Neither periodontitis status nor sex served as effect modifiers for the association between diabetes status and dental care visits. Conclusions: These data revealed that dental care visits for dentate adults with diabetes were unrelated to their periodontal health, suggesting that fear of periodontal therapy did not influence visit patterns. These data also showed that dental care visit disparities existed for all adults with diabetes, not just women. Future research should investigate whether factors that are indirectly related to diabetes status, such as competing costs, attitudes, and knowledge, are influencing dental care visit patterns among dentate adults with diabetes.
Effects of human aging on periodontal tissues
Authors: Huttner Eder Abreu , Machado Denise Cantarelli , De Oliveira Rogério Belle , Antunes André Gustavo Freitas , Hebling Eduardo 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTLoss of teeth is frequently associated with periodontal disease in older adults. The aim of this review was to present the effects of aging on the periodontal tissues. Aging alone does not lead to critical loss of periodontal attachment in healthy elderly persons. The effects of aging on periodontal tissues are based on molecular changes in the periodontal cells, which intensify bone loss in elderly patients with periodontitis. These effects may be associated with (1) alterations in differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts; (2) an increase in periodontal cell response to the oral microbiota and mechanical stress leading to the secretion of cytokines involved in osseous resorption; and (3) systemic endocrine alterations in the elderly people.
Effect of an oral health assessment education program on nurses’ knowledge and patient care practices in skilled nursing facilities
Authors: Munoz Nancy , Touger‐Decker Riva , Byham‐Gray Laura , Maillet Julie O'Sullivan 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThis pilot intervention study measured the impact of an oral health education intervention on nurses’ knowledge and patient care practices in regard to oral assessments of institutionalized elders. Two 1‐hour education sessions were completed over a 3‐week period; a pretest and a posttest were administered immediately preceding the first session and immediately following the second session. Medical records were reviewed prior to and after the intervention to assess practices including completeness of oral health assessment and congruency with the Minimum Data Set 2.0 (MDS).Nine nurses attended the education intervention. Retrospectively, 176 records were reviewed preintervention and 80 postintervention. There was no significant change in knowledge from the pre‐ to posttest (p= .262). Completeness of all oral health assessment variables increased significantly (p= .001) as did the congruency of data between the nursing assessment (NA) and MDS assessments (p= .002).Providing nurses with education on oral health assessments in skilled nursing facilities has a positive impact on completeness of data and congruency between the NA and the MDS.
Parental perception of oral health status of children in mainstream and special education classrooms
Authors: Butani Yogita , Gansky Stuart A , Weintraub Jane A. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to compare parental perceptions of oral health status and access to dental services by children in 34 special education and 16 mainstream public elementary school classes in San Mateo County, California. A self‐administered parental survey was utilized and included questions about demographics, oral health, and dental utilization. The overall response rate was 58.8%. After adjusting for age and gender of the child, compared to mainstream, parents of students in special education classes were significantly more likely to report their children to have worse oral health (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.54, 3.67), be lacking a past year dental visit (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.01, 3.84), and have missed school days due to dental reasons (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.55, 4.17). Both groups rated their children's oral health inferior to the overall health rating (p < .001). The authors concluded that disparities exist between the two groups in parental perceptions of their children's oral health status and dental service utilization.
Tissue segregation of mitochondrial haplotypes in heteroplasmic Hawaiian bees: implications for DNA barcoding
Authors: MAGNACCA KARL N. , BROWN MARK J. F. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe issue of mitochondrial heteroplasmy has been cited as a theoretical problem for DNA barcoding but is only beginning to be examined in natural systems. We sequenced multiple DNA extractions from 20 individuals of four Hawaiian Hylaeus bee species known to be heteroplasmic. All species showed strong differences at polymorphic sites between abdominal and muscle tissue in most individuals, and only two individuals had no obvious segregation. Two specimens produced completely clean sequences from abdominal DNA. The fact that these differences are clearly visible by direct sequencing indicates that substantial intra‐individual mtDNA diversity may be overlooked when DNA is taken from small tissue fragments. At the same time, differences in haplotype distribution among individuals may result in incorrect recognition of cryptic species. Because DNA barcoding studies typically use only a small fragment of an organism, they are particularly vulnerable to sequencing bias where heteroplasmy and haplotype segregation are present. It is important to anticipate this possibility prior to undertaking large‐scale barcoding projects to reduce the likelihood of haplotype segregation confounding the results.
Cross‐species amplification of 92 microsatellites of Medicago truncatula
Authors: CHU H‐J. , YAN J. , HU Y. , WANG H‐C. , LI J‐Q. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract Medicago species are important genetic sources for forage crops and nitrogen sources for various ecosystems. The ongoing genome sequencing of the model legume, Medicago truncatula, provides a wealth of genetic markers potentially useful for characterizing the population genetic structure and evolutionary history, and the potential of the wild Medicago species. Here we tested the PCR amplification of 92 microsatellites developed from M. truncatula in six other Medicago species, and found that the cross‐species transferability, ranging from 53.26% to 61.96%, is comparable with those reported in other angiosperm genera. This article thus reports a number of microsatellites that are potentially useful for large‐scale ecological and evolutionary genetic studies of wild Medicago species.
Early changes in clear cornea incision after phacoemulsification: an anterior segment optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Xia Yuanling , Liu Xialin , Luo Lixia , Zeng Yangfa , Cai Xiaoyu , Zeng Mingbing , Liu Yizhi 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  We aimed to investigate the ultrastructures of clear corneal incisions 24 hours after phacoemulsification using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT).Methods:  Sixty eyes of 60 patients scheduled for cataract surgery were randomly selected. All eyes underwent the same phacoemulsification procedure carried out by one experienced surgeon. Two‐plane temporal clear corneal tunnel incisions were performed. The same types of intraocular lens and implant system were used in all patients. Images of the ultrastructures of the corneal incisions were taken using AS‐OCT before and 1 day after surgery.Results:  Corneal thickness increased at the incision site after surgery in all eyes (p < 0.001). Epithelial bulla in the incision region was seen in two eyes (3%). Gaping at the internal aspect of the corneal wound was seen in 42 eyes (70%). Eyes with gaping had thicker localized cornea (p = 0.002). Descemet’s membrane detachment was seen in 49 eyes (82%); this seemed to be associated with lower preoperative intraocular pressure (p = 0.01).Conclusions:  Anterior segment OCT provides sensitive and detailed measurements of the ultrastructures in clear corneal incision.
Reduced endothelial progenitor cells and brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation as evidence of endothelial dysfunction in ocular hypertension and primary open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Fadini Gian Paolo , Pagano Claudio , Baesso Ilenia , Kotsafti Olympia , Doro Daniele , De Kreutzenberg Saula V. , Avogaro Angelo , Agostini Carlo , Dorigo Maria T. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  This study aimed to assess vascular endothelial function in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) or primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) by measuring: (a) endothelium‐dependent flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and (b) circulating endothelial progenitor cells, which are believed to support the integrity of the vascular endothelium.Methods:  We enrolled 25 patients with OHT, 23 with POAG and 26 control subjects, all of whom were aged < 65 years and had no medical history of cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors. All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, biochemistry study, assessment of cardiovascular parameters, brachial artery ultrasound assessment of endothelium‐dependent FMD, generic circulating progenitor cell (CPC) and circulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) count with the use of flow cytometry.Results:  Flow‐mediated vasodilation values differed significantly in OHT (4.5 ± 1.1%; p = 0.021) and POAG (4.0 ± 0.9%; p = 0.003) patients compared with controls (7.7 ± 0.8%). The CD34+ KDR+ EPC count was markedly lower in OHT (28.0 ± 5.0; p < 0.001) and POAG (24.3 ± 3.4; p < 0.001) patients compared with controls (73.1 ± 8.1). Neither FMD not EPCs differed significantly between OHT and POAG patients. No significant differences in CPC count or cardiovascular parameters were found among OHT or POAG patients and controls. The levels of CD34+ KDR+ EPCs were directly correlated (p = 0.043) with FMD, and inversely correlated (p = 0.032) with baseline intraocular pressure in OHT and POAG patients.Conclusions:  Both OHT and POAG patients without cardiovascular risk factors have previously unreported severely reduced circulating EPCs and reduced FMD, both of which are indicators of endothelial dysfunction and increased risk of cardiovascular events.