bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Société et mécanisation : L'Eve future de Villiers de l'Isle Adam et XYZ de Clemente Palma
Authors: Kason N. 
Published: January 2011

Durante el siglo diecinueve en Francia, hubo una producción literaria relativamente heterogénea clasificada como fantasía científica, y es dentro de este contexto literario que Villiers de l'Isle-Adam escribió L'Eve future.
Tal vez el nivel más significativo al cual se puede interpretar esta novela está directamente relacionado a la creación de seres artificiales, lo cual usurpa el papel de Dios como el creador de vida. Las implicaciones morales del deseo del hombre de asumir este papel son condenadas claramente por el autor, y este tema vincula directamente L'Eve future a la novela que inspiró, XYZ, escrito en 1934 por el peruano Clemente Palma.
Este estudio comparativo de L'Eve future y XYZ estudia las semejanzas y las diferencias más significativas entre estas dos obras y afirma que, sin duda, el peruano no habría escrito una novela como XYZ si no hubiera sido inspirado por Villiers de l'lsle- Adam. Sin embargo, la novela de Palma ofrece una perspectiva más crítica del progreso que ha hecho el hombre y de la trayectoria que sigue la sociedad.
Un estudio contrastivo del auxiliar
Authors: Bieritz A.M. 
Published: January 2011

Examinando el comportamiento sintático - transformacional de la Categoría "Auxiliar" en español y en francés, hemos constatado la existencia de ciertos rasgos temporales y aspectuales comunes, que determinan por su interacción la estructura profunda de los tiempos compuestos, la que en español puede defínirse al igual que la de los tiempos simples, por una confluencia de rasgos aspectuales. En francés en cambio, es necesario recurrir a una serie de reglas del sintagma verbal, que den cuenta de las restricciones de orden sintático y de los rasgos contextúales que determinan la distinción entre verbos transitivos et intransitivos y por ende la selección lexical entre los dos auxiliaires : "avoir" y "être".
En lo que respecta a los auxiliaires modales, hemos postulado un comportamiento homogéneo en el interior de ambos sistemas lingüísticos, que hemos tratado de demostrar por medio de operaciones transformacionales.
A l'emblème de l'aigle : anatomie d'un article du Tesoro de la Lengua
Authors: Bouzy Christian 
Published: January 2011

Réservoir de mots, le Tesoro de la Lengua de Sebastián de Covarrubias est aussi un réservoir d'images qui n'apparaissent malheureusement pas, car elles restent confinées dans les recueils d'emblèmes et de devises ; ces livres, si prisés des érudits des XVIe et XVIIe siècles, que le chanoine de Cuenca cite en de multiples endroits, notamment dans les articles dont le réfèrent est un animal.
Ainsi l'article Águila construit-il sa trame narrative autour d'une iconographie qui touche de nombreux domaines où le symbole est roi : mythologie, Bible, numismatique, héraldique, emblématique, etc. Cette étude a pour seule prétention de montrer ces images quelque peu oubliées et, partant, de démontrer que Covarrubias possédait une vaste culture iconographique qui servait de fil conducteur à un propos éthico-religieux, un des principaux fondements de cet ouvrage encyclopédique trop souvent qualifié uniquement de lexicographique.
Remarques sur les notions de karst et de karstification et sur la définition de ces termes
Authors: Renault Philippe 
Published: January 2011

RÉSUMÉ
La définition du karst demeure ambiguë en raison de la complexité du phénomène étudié. La variété des manifestations karstiques, — morphologiques, sédimentaires et dynamiques — , ainsi que la dfficullé de les accorder avec le critère de solubilité de la roche, conduit à rejeter celui-ci pour ne retenir que le critère morphologique dans la définition d'un karsl. Par contre la notion de karstificalion intègre les critères génétiques et permet un traitement quantitatif à toutes les échelles d'observation, ce qui doit conduire à l'élaboration d'une représentation unitaire du système karstique.
Réseaux et structures des nappes souterraines dans les Pays de la Loire moyenne
Authors: Veyre P. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT
The middle Loire country forms a vast hydro geological area associating the free-flowing subterranean waters of the plateaux and valleys and the captive waters of the structural basins of the Sologne and Touraine.
This article sets out to show that we are dealing here with a hydro geological structure typical of a sedimentary basin. It also evokes the characteristic features of this underground network in terms of the general morphoslructural environment, characterized by the general arrangement in basins of the sedimentary strata in relation to the course of the River Loire.
Formes de relief dans les dolomies et dolomies calcarifères du bassin de Clusone (Préalpes bergamasques)
Authors: Chardon Michel 
Published: January 2011

ZUSAMMENFASSUN G
Der in der norischen Haupidolomit eingeliefte Clusoner Becken ist ein Sonderfall in den lombardischen Voralpen. Drei morphologische Aspekle kann man unterscheiden :
1) hohe Berghänge mil glazialen und periglazialen For men (über 1300 Meter) ;
2) ausgedehnte bad-lands und grosse Rinnen der niederen Talhänge (700- 1300 Meter) ;
3) kegelförmige Hügel im Grunde der Senke. Diese unler kallen und feuchlen Klimaverhältnissen bearbeiteten Reliefformen sind ein Erbe der lelzlen Eiszeil (Würm). Die Ausräumung dieses von der Teklonik verursachlen Beckens hängl auch mit der Brüchigkeit und der Porosität der Dolomite und der Kalkdolomile zusammen. Die Einliefund geht bis ins Pliozän zurück. Während der kallen Phasen des Quartärs wurde der Grund der Senke durch Konglomerale erhöht und wurden die Hänge nach dem heutigen Gepräge geslaltet.
Karst tropical et structure, l'exemple malgache
Authors: Rossi Georges 
Published: January 2011

RÉSUMÉ
A travers les exemples fournis par les karsls de Madagascar, l'auteur examine quelques problèmes structuraux relatifs à l'origine des principales catégories de formes des karts tropicaux : tsingy {énormes lapiés), kegels, kuppen, mogotes, ainsi que quelques formes de transition. Il examine le rôle de certains facteurs, tels que la porosité. Finalement l'auteur pense que la structure joue un rôle fondamental dans l'élaboration de quelques reliefs, sans que l'on puisse négliger le rôle important des facteurs climatiques.
Karst et faciès calcaires dans le complexe urgonien sur le littoral cantabrique dans les environs de Castro Urdiales (Espagne)
Authors: Hazera Jean 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT
The extreme variety in the fades of the « Urgonian complex », in which one finds, sometimes very close together, almost pure calcareous rocks and calcareous rocks containing a high proportion of terrigenous elements, is, in the Basco-Cantabrican region, at the origin of karsts which are also very varied. A particular feature of some impure calcareous rocks containing a high proportion of silica is that their alteration results in products consisting partly of « light sandstones » whose texture, at present cellular, seems to have been preserved from the original rock and consolidated through diagenesis after the dissolution of the carbonates. The apparent volume of these products is equal to that of the original rock. In some districts they even fill and entirely cover underlying karsls opened in purer calcareous rocks, which makes it very difficult to try and determine the relations between the shapes and the fades.
However, apart from such extreme cases, it is rather surprising to see that, in spite of the existence of fades which are very varied in their details, one finds fairly large zones, homogeneous in their aspect, that differ widely from one another with regard to the shape of the surface. It seems that shapes — whether large or small — most typical of karsl do not develop well as soon as a certain threshold in the proportion of impurities has been crossed - hence the observed contrasts.
Caractéristiques générales du karst dans le secteur central de la Cordillère Subbétique (Andalousie)
Authors: Pezzi Manuel 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT
The Subbelic Cordillera shows, as one of ils more characteristic morphologie features, the great development of the karstic landscapes. In this paper, we present a short description of the essential features of the main mountains in the central sector of that chain : Sierra Magina, Sierra de Cabra, Torcal, Sierra Gorda and Sierra Arana. We also point out some conclusions obtained from the study of karst in this sector ; chiefly what agents (climatic, lithologie or structural) prevail in the development of the subbelic karst and in what proportion.
Diversity gradients and phylogeographic patterns in Santiria trimera (Burseraceae), a widespread African tree typical of mature rainforests
Authors: Koffi K. Guillaume , Hardy Olivier J. , Doumenge Charles , Cruaud Corinne , Heuertz Myriam 
Published: January 2011

• Premise of the study: New insights into the history of the African rainforest can be gathered from the phylogeographic structures of their constituent species, but few studies have been performed in this ecosystem. We studied the phylogeographic structure of Santiria trimera, a primate‐ and bird‐dispersed, dioecious tree typical of mature African rainforests.• Methods: We sequenced three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions (trnL‐F, rbcL, and rpl36‐infA‐rps8) in 377 individuals from 42 populations.• Results: Sequence chromatograms regularly displayed double peaks of unequal heights. Cloning of PCR products and sequencing of outgroup taxa led to assigning the taller peak in ambiguous sequence positions to cpDNA. A total of 14 polymorphic cpDNA sites and 12 haplotypes were detected. Populations from three distinct biogeographic regions, namely, Upper Guinea, Lower Guinea, and the volcanic island of São Tomé, did not share any haplotype, indicating allopatric divergence. In Lower Guinea, Gabonese forests had high diversity mainly from the sympatry of two genetically divergent morphotypes, whereas forests of eastern Cameroon were less diversified. The two haplotypes of the morphotype without stilt roots were distributed north and south of the Ogooué River, suggesting refuges on both sides of the river bed.• Conclusions: The divergence between Upper and Lower Guinean rainforests is explained by the discontinuity of forest between those regions throughout most of the Quaternary. The distribution of rare endemic haplotypes concurred with proposed Pleistocene rainforest refuges in west and southwest Cameroon. Overall, phylogeographic structure is consistent with the biogeographic hypotheses largely based on patterns of species diversity.
Image as Text. Aspects of the shared visual language of scientific conference participants
Authors: Rowley-Jolivet Elizabeth 
Published: January 2011

La sémiotique visuelle joue un rôle important d’une manière générale en science et particulièrement dans le genre ésotérique de la communication orale de congrès. Compte tenu de la quantité impressionnante de documents visuels (diapositives et transparents) projetés lors des communications, il est impératif pour les membres de l’auditoire d’être des lecteurs experts du langage visuel de leur spécialité. Cet article examine six aspects, ou strates, des connaissances visuelles partagées de l’auditoire dans trois domaines (géologie, médecine, physique). Les données comprennent plus de 2 000 visuels projetés lors de quatre-vingt-dix communications dans des congrès internationaux récents. Il apparaît que, dans le contexte de communication du congrès scientifique international, ce langage visuel partagé permet aux chercheurs présents de lire les “images” comme un “texte”.
Partying and Cocooning? No Paradox for Mayoral Recruitment in Belgium
Authors: Steyvers Kristof , Reynaert Herwig , Block Thomas , Verhelst Tom 
Published: January 2011

This paper studies the role of partisanship in the road to the Belgian mayoralty. It confirms the expectation that most mayors have quite extensive party records prior to coming to office. Although different degrees of partisanship are thus relative, they tend to sort both internal and external effects. Mayors with a highly partisan background give a more active interpretation of their initial recruitment and get a head start in their political career. They also more frequently come from families that are deeply engaged in politics. In addition, they combine their own partisan experience with additional recruitment apprenticeships. Having
held a function in a party and having experienced extensive party support make mayoral orientations more partisan in terms of task importance and exchange of views with party leaders.

KEYWORDS: • local government • mayor • mayoral recruitment • local party system • Belgium
Building Capacity for Sustainability: Strategic Planning Processes for Local Sustainable Development Practices in Western Balkan
Authors: Milutinovic Slobodan , Jolovic Ana 
Published: January 2011

Municipalities on the Western Balkan have made significant progress in their strategic approach to local development after 2000. A number of municipalities have already developed and implemented strategic plans for local sustainable development. However, differences in capacities, management skills and motivation among local governments are easy to observe. The lack of substantial decentralization efforts, low internal capacity in municipalities, overlapping jurisdictions between central and local levels, a culture of non-participation and an unfavorable economic environment jeopardize the success of local development efforts. This paper analyzes local sustainable development planning processes and
practices in three Western Balkan countries (Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia - Herzegovina) by using the Drina River Basin as a case study.

KEYWORDS: • sustainable development • local community • Western Balkan • Serbia • Montenegro • Bosnia -Herzegovina
Expression of C-Kit and its Ligand SCF in Primary Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Lüke Julia , Wegner Jürgen , Wegner Rayime , Nassar Khaled , Tatar Olcay , Rohrbach Jens M. , Hilgers Ralf-Dieter , Lüke Matthias , Grisanti Salvatore 
Published: January 2011

Purpose To evaluate the concurrent rate of expression of c-Kit and its ligand stem cell factor (SCF) in uveal melanoma in respect to the further clinical course and the correlation of these markers. Methods Paraffin sections from 35 primary uveal melanomas were evaluated immunohistochemically for the expression of c-Kit and SCF. Sixteen cases developed systemic metastasis during the follow-up (median: 5 years after diagnosis). The patients who did not develop metastasis (n=19) had a mean follow-up of 10.6 (9–13) years. Radiation was performed in 6 patients. Results c-Kit and SCF were expressed in all patients who did or did not develop metastasis in the further clinical course. A mean SCF expression of 77.2% (range 52.7%-97.5%) of tumors that did not develop systemic metastasis and 30.1 % (range 2.9%-61.5%) of tumors with systemic metastasis were evident. Uveal melanomas revealing an increased SCF expression were found to develop no metastasis more frequently (p<0.0001; hazard ratio (HR)=0.963, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.945–0.981). A mean c-Kit expression of 58.01% (range 5.9%-97.9%) in the group who did not develop metastasis and 48.9% (range 5.0%-95.9%) in the group with systemic metastasis were observed. c-Kit expression was not associated with increased rates of metastasis formation (p=0.7329; HR=0.997, 95% CI 0.982–1.013). The correlation between SCF and c-Kit is weak (0.39; 95% CI 0.06–0.63). Conclusions c-Kit expression was not found to be associated with metastasis formation. A high SCF expression of primary choroidal melanomas was significantly associated with a lower incidence of systemic metastasis, which indicated SCF as a benign prognostic factor in the further clinical course.
Pentoxifylline (Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Drug): Effective Adjuvant Therapy in the Control of Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid
Authors: Darouti Mohamed A. El , Khattab Mohamed A. Fakhry , Hegazy Rehab A. , Hafez Dalia A. , Gawdat Heba I. 
Published: January 2011

Purpose The detection of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in conjunctiva affected by ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) may indicate that this cytokine plays an important role in its pathogenesis. The purpose of this randomized, controlled, comparative, blinded study was to evaluate the effectiveness of adding pentoxifylline as an anti- TNF-α drug to the well-documented therapy of steroids and cyclophosphamide in controlling OCP. Methods Thirty patients with different grades of OCP were included. They were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. Group A patients received pulse steroid and cyclophosphamide therapy; in addition, group B patients received intravenous pentoxifylline. Patients were evaluated before and after therapy clinically, histopathologically, and serologically (serum level of TNF-α). Twenty controls were included to compare their serum TNF-α level with that measured in patients with OCP. Results Group B patients showed a more significant improvement in their clinical and histopathologic evaluation. The serum TNF-α was significantly higher in OCP cases prior to therapy compared to the control group (p=0.0001). Following therapy, serum TNF-α showed a more significant reduction in group B patients (77.4±26.1 to 19.2±15.6) compared to group A patients (50.3±14.3 to 36.2±18.3). Conclusions The significantly increased level of serum TNF-α in OCP as compared to controls proves that TNF-α has an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. The study illustrates that the addition of pentoxifylline to pulse steroid cyclophosphamide therapy is an effective, safe, and economical method in controlling OCP through directly reducing TNF-α levels, with long periods of remission as detected in our 18-month follow-up period.
Risk Factors for the Development of Macular Edema in Noninfectious Uveitis
Authors: Roesel Martin , Ruttig Anne , Schumacher Claudia , Heinz Carsten , Heiligenhaus Arnd 
Published: January 2011

Purpose Macular edema (ME) is a vision-limiting complication of uveitis. The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for the development of ME. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional study including 350 patients with noninfectious uveitis. Data were acquired by using a questionnaire. Associations with ME were analyzed for age, alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, cardiovascular risk factors, and level of education. Results On univariate analysis, patients with ME were older (p<0.001, odds ratio [OR] 1.03) and had a longer history of uveitis (p=0.006, OR 1.03). Patients with university certificate or high school diploma had a significantly reduced risk (OR 0.25, p<0.001) to develop ME compared to patients with less education. For smoking, the number of pack-years was significantly but weakly associated with the presence of ME (p=0.02, OR 1.02). Smokers with a smoking history of more than 20 pack-years had a higher risk for ME (OR = 2.46, confidence interval 1.2–5.2). Daily coffee consumption predisposed to ME (p=0.02, OR 2.1). Arterial hypertension, body mass index, alcohol consumptions, and hypercholesterinemia were not associated with ME. Multivariate analysis confirmed age, coffee consumption, and low education to be risk factors for ME, whereas smoking was lost on multivariate analysis. Conclusions Age, low level of education, daily coffee consumption, and possibly smoking are risk factors for ME in patients with noninfectious uveitis.
Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Fibrovascular Tissue Ingrowth within Synthetic Hydroxyapatite Orbital Implants in Children
Authors: Galluzzi Paolo , De Francesco Sonia , Giacalone Giovanna , Cerase Alfonso , Monti Lucia , Vallone Ignazio Maria , Lazzeretti Luigi , Venturi Carlo , Hadjistilianou Theodora 
Published: January 2011

Purpose To assess the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing fibrovascularization progression into synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) implants inserted in anophthalmic sockets of children submitted to enucleation. Methods We studied 23 HA orbital implants in 23 children who underwent enucleation for retinoblastoma. Each patient was examined by MRI within to 9 to 69 weeks after implant insertion (mean 34 weeks, median 30 weeks). No patient had received chemotherapy or radiotherapy at MRI examination. From each T1-weighted, fat-suppressed enhanced axial examination, the image depicting the center of the implant was identified. Enhancement was evaluated using a 5-point scale. Additionally, possible associated orbital and intracranial pathologies and implant migration or extrusion were evaluated. Results All patients showed areas of enhancement of the implant consistent with the presence of fibrovascular ingrowth. There was no grade 1 enhancement in our series. Grade 2 was observed in 1 patient (4.34%), grade 3 in 7 patients (30.43%), grade 4 in 11 patients (47.82%), and grade 5 in 4 patients (17.39%). During follow-up there were no cases of clinically evident orbital infection, implant migration, or implant extrusion. No second tumor, optic nerve invasion, orbital extension, tumor relapse, or leptomeningeal brain seeding were noted. Conclusions In this series, enhanced MRI showed satisfactory fibrovascular ingrowth of orbital implants since the 13th week after HA spheres insertion, with a trend towards progressive enhancement during the following weeks. The data also confirm the advice to wait at least 5–6 months after enucleation to perform drilling and peg placement.
Medium Term Follow up of the Biodynamic Neck Sparing Prosthesis
Authors: Molfetta Luigi , Capozzi Michele , Caldo Davide 
Published: January 2011

Hip resurfacing (HR) and neck sparing prostheses (NSP) have been advocated for the treatment of arthritis in younger patients. Some complications following HR have been documented in the recent literature, but NSP are not yet supported by clinical follow-up studies of sufficient duration. We present an assessment of the neck sparing “Biodynamic” prosthesis. 153 patients were evaluated in a longitudinal cohort prospective study, with survival analysis, clinical score and radiographic assessment of stability and osteointegration at 41.8 months average follow up. Survival and clinical outcome were similar to most traditional prostheses in the literature. On radiographic analysis we recorded good neck preservation and osteointegration. Only two stem failures were recorded. Poor clinical outcome was related to misalignment of prostheses implanted during the ‘learning curve’. The NSP system described may be a good alternative to HR for younger patients. The system is characterized by good survival and clinical and radiographic outcome combined with bone stock preservation.
Scale dependence of coherent structures' contribution to the daytime buoyancy heat flux over the Pantanal wetland, Brazil
Authors: Zeri Marcelo , Sá Leonardo Deane de Abreu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe contribution of organized motions to buoyancy heat flux was determined for several time scales by applying wavelet decomposition to signals of vertical velocity and air temperature. Measurements were performed using an eddy covariance system installed over the Pantanal wetland, in Brazil, during two campaigns (1998 and 1999). The signals were decomposed in several time scales and then used in the quadrant analysis. Overall, coherent structures were responsible for ∼40% of the buoyancy heat flux, if the contributions of ejections and sweeps are summed over the range of 10–100 s, which excludes the contribution of stochastic high‐frequency turbulence and low‐frequency mesoscale motions. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society