bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On ‘nothing to distinguish’ Schleiermacher and Otto: reply to Smith
Authors: DOLE ANDREW 
Published: April 2010

AbstractResponding to my claims in ‘Schleiermacher and Otto on religion’, A. D. Smith has argued that there is ‘nothing to distinguish’ Schleiermacher and Otto on the topics of the naturalistic explanation of religion and divine intervention in the natural order. There are respects in which Smith seems not to have understood my arguments, and his most significant challenge to my claims about Schleiermacher rests on a conflation of two different questions at issue in Schleiermacher's discussion of the incarnation. Further, Smith's correct observation that I have misinterpreted Otto on an important matter is itself coupled with a similar misreading on his part. Smith's arguments prompt me to revise my view of Otto, but not to abandon the idea that he and Schleiermacher assumed different positions on the topics at issue.
Scapegoating the secular clergy: the hermeneutic style as a form of monastic self-definition
Authors: Stephenson Rebecca 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article examines Byrhtferth of Ramsey's derogatory comments about the secular clerics in the Enchiridion and suggests that they should not be read at face value as accurate representations of real members of his monastic classroom, but instead should be read as epideictic literature, the literature of praise and blame. Through these portraits of lazy and incompetent secular clerics, Benedictine monks inscribe their own identity by means of a negative example. Particularly important to the monks' self-definition is the skilful deployment of the so-called hermeneutic style, which encodes the values of the Benedictine Reform, especially the reform's emphasis on education.
Lack of association of dengue activity with haze
Authors: WILDER-SMITH A. , EARNEST A. , TAN S. B. , OOI E. E. , GUBLER D. J. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYDengue activity depends on fluctuations in Aedes populations which in turn are known to be influenced by climate factors including temperature, humidity and rainfall. It has been hypothesized that haze may reduce dengue transmission. Due to its geographical location Singapore suffers almost every year from hazes caused by wildfires from Indonesia. Such hazes have a significant impact on pollution indexes in Singapore. We set out to study the relationship of dengue activity and haze (measured as pollution standard index) in Singapore, using ARIMA models. We ran different univariate models, each encompassing a different lag period for the effects of haze and temperature (from lag 0 to lag 12 weeks). We analysed the data on a natural logarithmic scale to stabilize the variance and improve the estimation. No association between dengue activity and haze was found. Our findings do not lend support to the hypothesis that haze is associated with reduced dengue activity in Singapore.
An outbreak of neonatal sepsis presenting with exanthematous rash caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: VISWANATHAN R. , SINGH A. K. , MUKHERJEE S. , MUKHERJEE R. , DAS P. , BASU S. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYNewborns often present with skin conditions ranging from transient benign to severe. An occasional cause of neonatal exanthemic rash is infection due to Gram-positive bacteria, but Gram-negative infection is uncommon. We describe an outbreak of sepsis in 10 neonates over a 2-week period, caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in a level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Seven babies developed an exanthematous maculopapular rash. Molecular analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that all the babies with rash were infected by a single strain of K. pneumoniae which was distinct from the strain recovered from babies without rash.
The use/non-use ofnein the spoken French of university-level learners of French as a second language in the Canadian context
Authors: REHNER KATHERINE 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of a sociolinguistic analysis ofneuse/non-use in the spoken French of learners of French as a second language enrolled in their first or fourth year of undergraduate studies in a bilingual university in Ontario, Canada. Specifically, it examines the impact of various linguistic and extra-linguistic factors on the students’ use of the variants and compares the patterns found to previous research onneuse/non-use among Ontario high school FSL learners and on other sociolinguistic variables in the speech of the same university FSL learners under study here. The paper concludes that while many of the same influences are at work in the speech of both the university and high school learners, the precise influences appear to be modified with continued study and that many of these patterns are similar across variables within the university FSL learners’ speech.
Avian population survey in the Floreana highlands: is Darwin’s Medium Tree Finch declining in remnant patches ofScalesiaforest?
Authors: O’CONNOR JODY A. , SULLOWAY FRANK J. , KLEINDORFER SONIA 
Published: April 2010

SummaryIsland species typically exist in pathogen and predator sparse environments before human settlement, and are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of invasive species. In this study, we used the variable circular-plot method to estimate the density of birds in the highlands of Floreana Island, Galápagos Archipelago, where introduced parasites, predators, and habitat degradation are a known threat to endemic species. We recorded the number of birds seen and heard at 15 locations near Cerro Pajas Volcano in 2004 and 2008, an area that harbours the largest expanse of highlandScalesiaforest on Floreana Island. We estimated the change in population density for nine bird species, including five species of Darwin’s finches. We specifically address changes in population density for the locally endemic Medium Tree FinchCamarhynchus pauper, which only occurs on Floreana Island and has a small population size. Comparing 2004 and 2008, our study found lower population density in the Medium Tree Finch, but stable population density in Small Tree FinchC. parvulusand Large Tree FinchC. psittacula. Based on data from three additional highland sites surveyed in 2008, we estimate that the maximum size of the Medium Tree Finch population is 1,620 individuals. In addition to the survey data, we observed breeding males in 2006 and 2008. We found: (1) low nesting success (six out of 63 nests produced fledglings) and highPhilornis downsiparasite intensity, and (2) a biased age structure of the breeding population. No breeding males were one year old in 2006, and no males were five years old in either study year, indicating low reproductive success as well as limited lifespan. This research has contributed to the recent re-evaluation by IUCN, which has changed the Red List status of the Medium Tree Finch from ‘Vulnerable’ to ‘Critically Endangered’.
Angular momentum of two collided rarefied preplanetesimals and formation of binaries
Authors: Ipatov Sergei I. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe mean angular momentum associated with the collision of two celestial objects moving in almost circular heliocentric orbits was studied. The results of these studies were used to develop models of the formation of binaries at the stage of rarefied preplanetesimals. The models can explain a greater fraction of binaries formed at greater distances from the Sun. Sometimes there could be two centers of contraction inside the rotating preplanetesimal formed as the result of a collision between two rarefied preplanetesimals. Such formation of binaries could result in binaries with almost the same masses of components separated by a large distance. Formation of a disk around the primary could result because the angular momentum that was obtained by a rarefied preplanetesimal formed by collision was greater than the critical angular momentum for a solid body. One or several satellites of the primary could be formed from the disk.
Interaction between gas and ice phase in the three periods of the solar nebula
Authors: Tornow Carmen , Kührt Ekkehard , Kupper Stefan , Motschmann Uwe 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe simulate the chemical processes in the three evolution periods of the solar nebula, which are (i) the quasi-stationary prestellar cloud core, (ii) the gravitationally collapsing protostellar core, and (iii) the evolving gas-dust disk. Our purpose is to identify chemical parameters which reflect special aspects of the interactions between the gas and ice phase in the different periods, e.g. isotopic or molecular ratios. In this study we derive the D/H and 15N/14N ratio of selected compounds as well as the CO2/H2O ratio to measure the fraction of non-polar to polar ice in the grain mantles. The chosen ratios depend on the depletion-enrichment relation between the ice and gas phases driven by the thermal evolution in each period, especially during the collapse. Hence, we have made great efforts in order to derive realistic and compact hydrodynamic models to describe the evolutionary periods of the solar nebula.
The contribution of plutinos to the Centaur population
Authors: Di Sisto Romina P. , Brunini Adrián , de Elía Gonzalo C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe present a study of the dynamical evolution of plutinos recently escaped from the resonance through numerical simulations. It was shown in previous works the existence of weakly chaotic orbits in the plutino population that diffuse very slowly finally diving into a strong chaotic region. These orbits correspond to long-term plutino escapers and then represent the plutinos that are escaping from the resonance at present. Then, we divided the numerical simulation in two parts. First, we develop a numerical simulation of 20,000 test particles in the resonance in order to detect the long-term escapers. We set the initial orbital elements such that cover the present observational range of orbital elements of plutinos. Second, we perform a numerical simulation of the selected escaped plutinos in order to study their dynamical post escaped behavior. We describe and characterize the routes of escape of plutinos and their evolution in the Centaur zone. Also, we obtain that Centaurs coming from plutinos would represent a fraction of less than 6% of the total Centaur population.
Water masers in the Kronian system
Authors: Pogrebenko Sergei V. , Gurvits Leonid I. , Elitzur Moshe , Cosmovici Cristiano B. , Avruch Ian M. , Pluchino Salvatore , Montebugnoli Stelio , Salerno Emma , Maccaferri Giuseppe , Mujunen Ari , Ritakari Jouko , Molera Guifre , Wagner Jan , Uunila Minttu , Cimo Giuseppe , Schilliro Francesco , Bartolini Marco 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe presence of water has been considered for a long time as a key condition for life in planetary environments. The Cassini mission discovered water vapour in the Kronian system by detecting absorption of UV emission from a background star (Hansen et al. 2006). Prompted by this discovery, we started an observational campaign for search of another manifestation of the water vapour in the Kronian system, its maser emission at the frequency of 22 GHz (1.35 cm wavelength). Observations with the 32 m Medicina radio telescope (INAF-IRA, Italy) started in 2006 using Mk5A data recording and the JIVE-Huygens software correlator. Later on, an on-line spectrometer was used at Medicina. The 14 m Metsähovi radio telescope (TKK-MRO, Finland) joined the observational campaign in 2008 using a locally developed data capture unit and software spectrometer. More than 300 hours of observations were collected in 2006-2008 campaign with the two radio telescopes. The data were analysed at JIVE using the Doppler tracking technique to compensate the observed spectra for the radial Doppler shift for various bodies in the Kronian system (Pogrebenko et al. 2009). Here we report the observational results for Hyperion, Titan, Enceladus and Atlas, and their physical interpretation. Encouraged by these results we started a campaign of follow up observations including other radio telescopes.
Dynamical Maps of the Inner Asteroid Belt
Authors: Michtchenko Tatiana A. , Lazzaro Daniela , Carvano Jorge M. , Ferraz-Mello Sylvio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe construct the dynamic portrait of the inner asteroidal belt using the information about the distribution of the test particles, which were initially placed on a perfectly rectangular grid of initial conditions, after 4.2 Myr of gravitational interactions with the Sun and five planets, from Mars to Neptune. Using the Spectral Analysis Method introduced by Michtchenko et al. (2002), we illustrate the asteroidal behaviour on the dynamical maps. We superpose over the maps the information on the proper elements and proper frequencies of the real objects, extracted from the database AstDyS (Milani & Knežević 1994; Knežević & Milani 2003). The comparison of the maps with the distribution of the real objects allows us to detect possible dynamical mechanisms acting in the domain under study: these mechanisms are related to mean-motion and secular resonances. Their long-lasting action, overlaying with the Yarkovsky effect, may explain many observed features of the distribution of the asteroids.
The solar cycle effect on the atmosphere as a scintillator for meteor observations
Authors: Pellinen-Wannberg Asta , Murad Edmond , Brosch Noah , Häggström Ingemar , Khayrov Timur 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe discuss using high solar cycle atmospheric conditions as sensors for observing meteors and their properties. High altitude meteor trails (HAMTs) have sometimes been observed with HPLA (High Power Large Aperture) radars. At other times they are not seen. In the absence of systematic studies on this topic, we surmise that the reason might be differing atmospheric conditions during the observations. At EISCAT HAMTs were observed in 1990 and 1991. Very high meteor trails were observed with Israeli L-band radars in 1998, 1999 and 2001. Through the Leonid activity, around the latest perihelion passage of comet Tempel-Tuttle, optical meteors as high as 200 km were reported. This was partly due to new and better observing methods. However, all the reported periods of high altitude meteors seem to correlate with solar cycle maximum. The enhanced atmospheric and ionospheric densities extend the meteoroid interaction range with the atmosphere along its path, offering a better possibility to distinguish differential ablation of the various meteoric constituents. This should be studied during the next solar maximum, due within a few years.
Spectroscopic Studies of Comets 9P/Tempel 1, 37P/Forbes and C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)
Authors: Picazzio Enos , Churyumov Klim I. , Chubko Larissa S. , Lukyanyk Igor V. , Kleshchonok Valery V. , de Almeida Amaury A. , Costa Roberto D. D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe results of the analysis of the spectra of comets 9P/Tempel 1, 37P/Forbes and C/2004 Q2 (Machholz) observed in 2004-2005 at Observatório do Pico dos Dias (Brazil), and at Mount Pastukhov (SAO, Russia) are presented.
Cometary gas relations 1P/Halley
Authors: Voelzke Marcos R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPhotographic and photoelectric observations of comet 1P/Halley's ionised gas coma from CO+ at 4,250 Å and neutral gas coma from CN at 3,880 Å were part of the Bochum Halley Monitoring Program, conducted at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile, from February 17 to April 17, 1986.In this spectral range it is possible to see the continuum formation, motion and expansion of plasma and neutral gas structures. To observe the morphology of these structures, 32 CO+ photos (glass plates) from comet 1P/Halley obtained by means of an interference filter have been analysed. They have a field of view of 28.6 × 28.6 degrees and were obtained from March 29 to April 17, 1986 with exposure times between 20 and 120 minutes.All photos were digitised with a PDS 2020 GM microdensitometer. After digitisation, the data were reduced to relative intensities, and those with proper calibrations were also converted to absolute intensities, expressed in terms of column densities. The CO+ absolute intensity values still contain the continuum intensity. To calculate the CO+ column density it is necessary to subtract this continuum intensity.The relations between CO+ and CN in average column density values (NCO+/NCN) are 11.6 for a circular diaphragm with average diameter (Φ) of 6.1 arcminutes which corresponds to a distance from the nucleus (ρ) equal to 6.3 × 104 km; 20.0 for Φ = 7.1 arcminutes and ρ = 7.3 × 104 km; 8.1 for Φ = 8.5 arcminutes and ρ = 8.7 × 104 km; 35.6 for Φ = 11.9 arcminutes and ρ = 1.2 × 105 km; and 31.3 for Φ = 16.7 arcminutes and ρ = 1.7 × 105 km. These values are in perfect agreement with the data for short distances (ρ from 3.9 × 103 to 1.2 × 104 km) and small slit diameters (Φ from 0.4 to 1.2 arcminutes).With the use of diaphragms with large diameters it is possible to get some information about the outer coma of the comet (in this paper, from 60,000 until 170,000 km away from the nucleus). At these distances, the CO+ column density changes only due to the geometrical dilution, because the CO+ parent molecules are already photoionised or photodissociated.
Design and realization of GaN RF-devices and circuits from 1 to 30 GHz
Authors: Kühn Jutta , Musser Markus , van Raay Friedbert , Kiefer Rudolf , Seelmann-Eggebert Matthias , Mikulla Michael , Quay Rüdiger , Rödle Thomas , Ambacher Oliver 
Published: April 2010

The design, realization, and characterization of highly efficient powerbars and monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) high-power amplifiers (HPAs) with AlGaN/GaN high electronic mobility transistors (HEMTs) are presented for the frequency range between 1 and 30 GHz. Packaged powerbars for the frequency range between 1 and 6 GHz have been developed based on a process called GaN50 with a gate length of 0.5 μm. Based on a GaN25 process with a gate length of 0.25 μm, high-power MMIC amplifiers are presented starting from 6 GHz up to advanced X-band amplifiers and robust LNAs in microstrip transmission line technology.
Family Quality of Life Following Early Identification of Deafness
Authors: Jackson Carla W. , Wegner Jane R. , Turnbull Ann P. 
Published: April 2010

Purpose
Family members' perceptions of their quality of life were examined following early identification of deafness in children.

Method
A questionnaire was used to solicit ratings of satisfaction from the family members of 207 children who were deaf and younger than 6 years of age.

Results
Results indicated that families were generally satisfied with the areas of family life surveyed. Descriptive analysis suggested lower satisfaction ratings in the area of emotional well-being. Families also reported that their child’s deafness had the largest impact on their emotional well-being. Family members of children using oral communication with a cochlear implant reported higher satisfaction with their child’s speech production and perception outcomes than family members of children using hearing aids alone.

Implications
We recommend that service providers and early hearing detection and intervention program coordinators consider additional supports for family well-being following the early identification of deafness in children.
Potential Role of Active Surveillance in the Control of a Hospital-Wide Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection
Authors: Ben-David Debby , Maor Yasmin , Keller Nathan , Regev-Yochay Gili , Tal Ilana , Shachar Dalit , Zlotkin Amir , Smollan Gill , Rahav Galia 
Published: April 2010

Background.The recent emergence of carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is a major threat for hospitalized patients, and effective strategies are needed.Objective.To assess the effect of an intensified intervention, which included active surveillance, on the incidence of infection with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.Setting.Sheba Medical Center, a 1,600-bed tertiary care teaching hospital in Tel Hashomer, Israel.Design.Quasi-experimental study.Methods.The medical records of all the patients who acquired a carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection during 2006 were reviewed. An intensified intervention was initiated in May 2007. In addition to contact precautions, active surveillance was initiated in high-risk units. The incidence of clinical carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection over time was measured, and interrupted time-series analysis was performed.Results.The incidence of clinical carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection increased 6.42-fold from the first quarter of 2006 up to the initiation of the intervention. In 2006, of the 120 patients whose clinical microbiologic culture results were positive for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, 67 (56%) developed a nosocomial infection. During the intervention period, the rate of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae rectal colonization was 9%. Of the 390 patients with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae colonization or infection, 204 (52%) were identified by screening cultures. There were a total of 12,391 days of contact precautions, and of these, 4,713 (38%) were added as a result of active surveillance. After initiation of infection control measures, we observed a significant decrease in the incidence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection.Conclusions.The use of active surveillance and contact precautions, as part of a multifactorial intervention, may be an effective strategy to decrease rates of nosocomial transmission of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae colonization or infection.