bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Observations on Helminthiasis in some British Game Birds
Authors: Clapham Phyllis A. 
Published: June 2009

1. Helminth parasites may be important causes of disease and death among game birds, both among penned stock and in the field. S. trachea is probably the most important, but species of Heterakis follow closely, having both a direct and an indirect effect. T. tenuis must be considered as potentially important and may be responsible for much loss when the right ecological factors are present.2. It is clear that game farmers will need to pay careful attention to methods of controlling the spread of helminths: in particular, to prevent the spread of T. tenuis, which can build up quickly to epizootic proportions on restricted areas where the bird population is high. Pheasants are potential hosts of this species and the death rate could easily be serious under careless management.3. The presence of poultry near or with penned birds is fraught with danger as many helminths have a wide host distribution among related gallinaceous birds. Thus species of Capillaria and Heterakis which normally cause little trouble among poultry, can cause death and disease among game birds.4. The few wild chicks examined were interesting. There is a heavy loss of wild chicks but only rarely are dead ones seen so that little is known about the cause of this loss. Adverse weather conditions and predators no doubt are important, but it is obvious from the few cases reported above, that S. trachea and H. isolonche may also be causes of considerable importance.5. Many old birds are carriers of parasites and contaminate the ground with ova. Thus young stock with no resistance may well pick up lethal infestations, if they are allowed to graze land previously used by old birds.
The size of the red cells in Dibothriocephalus infection
Authors: Passey R. D. , Braine J. Carter 
Published: June 2009

Thanks to the kindness of Professor Leiper, opportunities were given to measure the red cells in these three cases of experimental Dibothriocephalus infection, and to construct Price Jones curves to show the distribution of the cells. In addition, Dr. J. Smith kindly supplied blood films and the particulars of a case of natural infection occurring in an Esthonian sailor, C. E., who was under his care in the City Hospital, Aberdeen, and which had been diagnosed by Prof. Leiper.It is commonly asserted in the text books that the anaemia which occurs in cases of infection with this worm is identical with that found in pernicious anæmia. It seemed worth while, therefore, to see if there occurred the increase in the average mean diameter of the red cell, and the same cell distribution curve, which are to be found in pernicious anaemia (1922)
On Microstrongylus genetiæ gen. and sp. nov., a Trichostrongyle Parasite of Genetta senegalensis
Authors: Cameron Thomas W. M. 
Published: June 2009

A Considerable number of specimens of this parasite were collected from the small intestine of a genette which died in the Gardens of the Zoological Society of London.The cuticle of the cephalic extremity is dilated anteriorly. This swelling is terminated posteriorly by the cuticle incurving to meet a raised ring on the body-wall, about the level of the junction of the anterior and second fifths of the œsophagus. There are no cervical papillæ present, and it is probable that this ring may be regarded as replacing them. Just anterior to the middle of the œsophageal region and at the level of the excretory pore is a cervical groove which completely encircles the body. Laterally the cuticle on the anterior margin is thickened; it is also thickened on the ventral side, but less so than laterally. These thickenings are reinforced by a granular inclusion in the cuticle. The posterior margin is thickened only in the region of the excretory pore.
Studies on the Family Opisthorchiidaæ Braun, 1901, with a description of a New Species of Opisthorchis from a Sarus Crane (Antigone antigone)
Authors: Morgan D. O. 
Published: June 2009

The classification of the Trematode family Opisthorchiidæ presents some difficulties to the systematist. These difficulties arise partly from the fact that a number of the existing species appear to lack any real morphological characters by which they can be differentiated, slight variations in measurements, together with a difference in host, having been considered sufficient to justify the making of new species. This view has resulted in the placing of undue importance on somewhat minor differences when they do occur in other species, such differences being considered sufficient for creating new genera.The systematist is further confronted with the difficulty of forming definite opinions on the systematic position of some of the species made by earlier workers. Their descriptions and figures are often inadequate owing to the fact that characters which, in the past, were considered of minor importance are now given much closer attention. Examples of the confusion which has arisen from such a position will be referred to in this paper.
Gametogenesis, and Early Development in Gigantocotyle bathycotyle (Fischoeder, 1901) Näsmark, 1937
Authors: Willmott S. 
Published: June 2009

1. The anatomy of the genitalia of Gigantocotyle bathycotylc is described.2. An account is given of gametogenesis, egg-shell formation, and the first two cleavage divisions.3. The chromosome number is given as n = 6, 2n = 12.
Snail Hosts ofFasciola hepaticain Britain
Authors: Brian Kendall S. 
Published: June 2009

1. This paper presents experimental evidence to show thatLimnaea truncatulais not the only British snail susceptible to infection with Fasciolahepatica.2. Of the six British species ofLimnaea, five may be infected under laboratory conditions, L.auriculariaproving resistant to infection. Full development of the parasite occurs inL. truncatula, L. slagnalis, L. palustris and L. glabra, while development as far as the production of rediae occurred on one occasion inL. pereger. Of the susceptible speciesL. truncatulamay be infected at any age or size, but the other species are susceptible only during the first few days after hatching.3.F. hepaticaappeared to be relatively pathogenic to hosts other thanL. truncatulaeven though the level of infection (as evidenced by the number of rediae which developed) was considerably lower than in the more usual host.
The Seasonal Availability to Sheep of Infective Nematode Larvae on Pasture
Authors: Tetley J. H. 
Published: June 2009

The seasonal availability of sheep nematode infective larvae under normal farm conditions was investigated by exposing lambs reared worm free for two weekly periods in the fields. Data were collected in the form of populations found at post mortem examination.It was found that Nematodirus spp. were acquired in greatest numbers in the autumn after the date by which lambs normally have acquired resistance to superinfection. The conclusion was that self-augmentation of Nematodirus parasitism in lambs resulting from eggs the lambs conveyed to the ground was of minor significance and that eggs reaching the ground in one season are the source of parasitism in lambs in the following spring.It was found that greatest numbers of Haemonchus conlortus were acquired in summer. Heavy contamination of pasture with eggs of this species by ewes in the spring did not result in large populations in their lambs. It was concluded that the extent of parasitism in lambs in the late summer and autumn was contingent on there being favourable conditions at that time of the year for the development of infective larvae.
Observations on the Life History of Rhabdias sphaerocephala Goodey, 1924 from Bufo marinus L., in the Bermuda Islands
Authors: williams R. W. 
Published: June 2009

1. Of 40 adult toads, Bufo marinus L., collected from 4 parishes of the Bermuda Islands, 82–5 per cent were infected with the lung worm Rhabdias sphaerocephala Goodey. The average number of worms per infected animal was 10 and the largest number recovered from a single toad was 50.2. Although some eggs hatch in the lower rectum and cloaca, most do not hatch until they are evacuated and are lying in or on the fresh faecal material on the ground.
On a New Species of Splendidofilaria Skrjabin, 1923 from India
Authors: Amir S. , Ali S. M. 
Published: June 2009

During the tour in Kashmir, two males and four females of the species to be described were collected from the vicinity of the heart and the body cavity of the white cheeked Bulbul, Molpastes leucogenys leucogenys.These are rather slender worms with attenuated anterior ends. The posterior ends are twisted into 2–3 coils. The cuticle is thin, smooth, nonstriated, but richly furnished with bosses throughout the length of the body.
On a New Species of the Genus Saurositus from an Indian lizard
Authors: Deshmukh P. G. , Mehdi Ali S. 
Published: June 2009

Three specimens of this species were collected on one occasion from the lizard Calotes versicolor. The material consists of one male and two females which were found entangled in the connective tissue of the body cavity.These are thin worms measuring 11·5 mm. long in the male and 18·3 mm. in the female. The maximum body diameter is 0·23 and 0·35 mm. respectively in the male and the female.
Immunization of Guineapigs against Ascaris suum
Authors: Taffs L. F. 
Published: June 2009

It has been shown that guineapigs can be effectively protected against re-infection by the subcutaneous inoculation of embryonated Ascaris eggs (Soulsby, 1957). The purpose of this communication is to report a successful attempt to immunize guineapigs against a lethal oral challenge dose of eggs by the intravenous inoculation of third stage larvae of A. suum.Three groups, each containing nine guineapigs, were infected with Ascaris as follows: Group I was given 10,000 eggs by mouth. Group II Was inoculated intravenously with 2,000 third stage Ascaris larvae which had been obtained from the lungs of other guineapigs on the sixth day of infection. Both groups were challenged at the same time with 250,000 eggs by mouth, along with a control group (Group III) which had no previous infection. The guineapigs in Group I were re-infected after 18 days and those in Group II after 12 days.
On the Incidence of Trematodes of the Family Heterophyidae from Dogs and Cats in India
Authors: Venkateswara Rao B. , Anantaraman M. 
Published: June 2009

1. Haplorchis taichui H. yokogawai and Stictodora manilensis are recorded for the first time in India from dogs.2. H. helerophyes from Indian cats are very much smaller than those recorded from dogs.3. A technique has been described to study the chitinous armature of the gonotyl in heterophyid trematodes.
Studies withBrugia pahangi5. Structure of the cuticle
Authors: Rogers Rosemary , Denham D. A. , Nelson G. S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe structure of the cuticle of third and fourth stage larvae and of adultBrugia pahangi(Nematoda: Filarioidea) was studied by light microscopy and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The cuticle of these worms was basically typical of the class Nematoda and consisted of cortical, matrix, and basal layers. Finely spaced annulation grooves were present and their function is discussed.Descriptions of the cuticular ultrastructure of filarial nematodes are meagre. Studies on the cuticle of adult worms are limited to those of Kagei (1960, 1963) onSetaria cerviandLitomosoides cariniiand of McLaren and Hockley (personal communication) who examinedL. carinii and Dipetalonema vitea
Studies withBrugia pahangi7. Changes in lymphatics of injected cats
Authors: Rogers Rosemary , Denham D. A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHistological and gross changes in the lymphatics of cats singly or repeatedly infected withBrugia pahangiwere studied chronologically over a period of 5 years. Lymphatic dilatation occurred within 2 weeks of injection and an initial acute inflammatory reaction in the lymphatic wall and lumen was followed by chronic inflammation within 4 months. In some long-term repeatedly infected cats, the lymphatics became non-functional fibrous cords and conditions of oedema and early elephantiasis, similar to those seen in early human filariasis, were produced. The main points of contention in the study of filariasis which were cluciaated in this system were: (1) that living worms cause lymphatic damage, not exacerbated by their death; (2) that lymphatic damage is not progressive after a certain peak of reaction is reached, except in repeatedly challenged animals; (3) that microfilariae do not appear to cause lymphatic damage.
Studies with Brugia pahangi 8. Infections in Macaca mulatta
Authors: Denham D. A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFive Macaca mulatta were each inoculated with 200 larvae of Brugia pahangi. One monkey showed no microfilariae and the other 4 only low and transient microfilaraemias. Another group of 5 monkeys were each given an original 200 larvae and 11 further infections with 50 larvae but no better microfilaraemias were obtained. These monkeys were killed between 176 and 185 days later and no adult worms could be found. A few adult worms were found in two further monkeys killed 60 days after infection.Brugia pahangi infects mammalian hosts of several orders but the only primate found naturally infected is Nycticebiis coucang (Laing et al., 1960, Ash and Riley, 1970). Edeson et al. (1960) tried to infect Macaca inis, M. nemestrina, M. mulatta and N. coucang but were only able to detect microfilariae in N. coucang. On the other hand, B. malayi (sub-periodic strain) infects primates much more readily (Laing et al., 1960) in nature. Fredericks and Ramachandran (1968) successfully infected 26 of 27 M. mulatta with B. malayi.
Intestinal Infestation of Turkey Poults with Plagiorchis (Multiglandularis) megalorchis Rees, 1952 and an Experimental Study of its Life-Cycle
Authors: Jordan F. T. W. 
Published: June 2009

1. Heavy intestinal infestation with Plagiorchis (M.) megalorchis Rees, 1952, in four two-week old turkey poults is described. This was presumably the cause of death in the four poults and possibly of nine other birds of the same hatch.2. The epizootiology of the condition is described.3. The life-cycle of the parasite has been investigated, using turkey poults as the definitive host.
The response of Schistosoma mansoni maintained in vitro to schistosomicidal compounds
Authors: Coles G. C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe activity is reported of certain clinical and experimental schistosornicides against schistosomula, 3 week old, and adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni maintained in vitro. Since the test method is not sufficiently selective for use with random compounds, it is concluded that meaningful screening for potential schistosomicides cannot at present by carried out in vitro.
Chemotaxonomic studies on davaineid tapeworms, based on amino acid analysis
Authors: Bhalya Anjali , Seth Amita , Capoor V. N. , Malhotra Sandeep K. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTTwelve amino acids were detected in six davaincid ecstodes, Davainea hewetensis Dhawan & Capoor (1972) collected from one Gallus gallus domesticus L. at Allahabad, India. Chemotaxonomic studies within the family Davaineidac have shown the presence of cystine and hydroxyproline only in D. hewetensis, although phenylalanine and proline occur in all species examined previously.
Pancreatic secretion is the migratory cue for Hymenolepis diminuta in rat small intestine
Authors: Cho C. H. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTPylorus and bile-duct restrictions did not prevent the anteriad migration of Hymenolepis diminuta in rat small intestine after food feeding. However, migration was inhibited when the common bile-duct was occluded. The results indicate that pancreatic secretion is the migratory cue for Hymenolepis diminuta in rats.
Immunity toOnchocerca lienalismicrofilariae in mice
Authors: Townson Simon , Nelson G. S. , Bianco A. E. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe model ofOnchocerca lienalismicrofilariae (mff) injected into CBA and T.O. strains of mice has been used to examine immunity to skin-dwelling microfilariae following exposure to a range of species oF nelmmms Mice which had received a primary infection withO. cervicalismff were significantly resistant to challenge withO. lienalismfT(58% reduction relative to challenge controls). Immunization with the uterine contents (eggs and mff) ofO. lienalis, O. gutturosaorO. volvulusconferred equivalent levels of protection agains challenge withO. lienalismff (66 to 75%). Similar results were obtained with immunizations in mice that employed either fresh or freeze-killed eggs ofO. gutturosa. Significant reductions in the recoveries ofO. lienalismff were also demonstrated following the intraperitoneal implantation of adult male worms ofO. gutturosa(30 to 52%), the adults of either sex ofDipetalonema viteae(60%), or after infection witnTrichinella spiralis(27 to 81%). Infections with the trematode,Schistosoma mansoni, had a negligible effect on mff recoveries. It is concluded that partial resistance in mice toOnchocercamff may be stimulated by factors, yet to be determined, that are neither stage nor species-specific.
Nervous system in Olveria indica, a rumen paramphistome (Digenea) of bovines, as revealed by non-specific esterase staining
Authors: Mishra Neerja , Tandon Veena 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOn the basis of esterase localization the complete nervous system has been visualized in Olveria indica Thapar & Sinha, 1945, a paramphistome from the rumen of cattle, recorded for the first time from the north-east region of India. The basic number of posterior longitudinal nerves (i.e., 3 pairs) is the same as in other paramphistomes; four pairs of anterior longitudinal nerves are present, there being an extra pair of pharyngeal nerves. Conspicuous differences in the innervation patterns were observed, mainly in the innervation of the genital atrial region and acetabulum. The presence of prominent longitudinal connections, joining the anterior and posterior dorsal nerves and the anterior and posterior ventral nerves on either side, is a feature not hitherto found in other paramphistome species. The details of the course of all the nerves and their branches are discussed.
Gazellostrongylus lerouxi Yeh, 1956 from antelopes in East Africa and its relation to the genus Paracooperia Travassos, 1935
Authors: Khalil L. F. , Gibbons Lynda M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTA detailed redescription of Gazellostrongylus lerouxi and Paracooperia serrata was given from specimens
collected from antelopes in Kenya. It was felt that there was no justification for the synonymy of the genus Gazellostrongylus with Paracooperia. Gazellostrongylus was placed in the tribe Ostertagiea.
Studies on Brugia pahangi. 13. The anthelmintic effect of compounds F151 (Friedheim), HOE 33258 (Hoechst) and their reaction product
Authors: Denham D. A. , Suswillo R. R. , Rogers Rosemary , McGreevy P. B. , Andrews B. J. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTF151 was a potent filaricide against adult Brugia pahangi in cats and jirds.HOE 33258 did not kill adult worms in cats but had a marginal effect on adult worms in the peritoneal cavity of jirds. It was not immediately microfilaricidal in cats but the microfilarial counts of treated cats fell within a few weeks of treatment.The reaction product, or mixture, of these two compounds (V5851 = E) was strongly macrofilaricidal m cats and jirds.
Studies of potential filaricides: Part 14—Activity of l-iso-butoxycarbonyl-4-methyIpiperazine against experimental filariasis
Authors: Rastogi R. , Sharma S. , Anand N. , Dutta A. , Fatma N. , Chatterjee R. K. , Sen A. B. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe synthesis and filaricidal activity of l-iso-butoxycarbonyl-4-mcthylpipcrazinc against Litomosoides carinii in Sigmodon hispidus and Dipctaloncma viteae in Mastomys natalcnsis is reported. At an intrapcritoncal or oral dose of 3 mg/kg given for 6 days, the compound removed 91% of the circulating microfilariac but had no effect on adult L carinii. However, it killed all microfilariae and adults of D. viteae at a subcutaneous dose of 50 mg/kg given for 6 days. The compound also possessed ehemoprophylaetic activity against the larvae of L. carinii and D. viteae at a dose of 30 and 50 mg/kg respectively.
Intestinal absorption of glucose in rats after continuous challenge with larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
Authors: Cheema Kausar J. , Scofield A. M. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTThe rate of glucose absorption and metabolism and the associated fluid transfer of the small intestine of rats was measured in vitro using an everted sac technique after daily doses of 0, 5, 25 or 225 infective larvae of Nippostrongylus for periods of one to five weeks. Though there were occasional significant changes in the physiology of the intestine there were no obvious patterns or trends with respect to time at any infection level. This differs from the response after a single infection. The possible role of immune adaptation and reduced immunogenicity of the worms during repeated infections is considered.
Experimental ancylostomiasis in Swiss albino mice: adrenal and thyroid histopathology
Authors: Bhai Ismail , Pandey A. K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRemarkable hypertrophic changes were observed in the adrenal and thyroid glands of male mice after 7 to 16 days of infection with the filariform larvae of Ancylostoma caninum, but not in females. The adrenal gland revealed enormous enlargement of cells in the zonae glomerulosa, fasciculata and medulla, and also the formation of big vacuoles in the glomerular zone, whereas the thyroid gland showed distinctly hypcrtrophicd follicular epithelium with marked acolloidal condition and follicular mass formation. These changes in the cellular diameter were highly significant (P>0·001 to <0·005). The possible reasons for hyperactivity of these glands are discussed.
ExperimentalSchistosoma mansoniinfection in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) in Kenya: I. Susceptibility to a primary infection
Authors: Sturrock R.F. , Otieno F.M. , Tarara R. , Kimani R. , Harrison R. , Else J.G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractGroups of five 3-kg Kenyan monkeys,Cercopithecus aethiops, were exposed individually to 150,600 or 1500Schistosoma mansonicercariae per monkey. Three monkeys died soon after the infections became patent and the survivors were autopsied 4 months after exposure. Mortality and most haematological, parasitological and pathological sequelae of infection were dose-related, but not the white cell response or changes in the levels of serum proteins or fibrinogen. No gross liver fibrosis was seen. Comparison of this study with earlier ones on related cercopithecine monkeys suggests that the vervet closely resembles the baboon in its response toS. mansoniinfections. Difficulties in managing and maintaining vervets can be overcome by using colonybred or properly adapted feral animals. Thus, the vervet provides a cheaper, more readily available primate model for experimentalS. mansonistudies. A prolonged infection, sufficiently heavy to permit reliable parasitological monitoring without undue mortality, should be provided by 150S. mansonicercariae per kg body-weight, using the Kenyan strains of vervet and parasite.