bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aromatic‐turmerone attenuates invasion and expression of MMP‐9 and COX‐2 through inhibition of NF‐κB activation in TPA‐induced breast cancer cells
Authors: Park Sun Young , Kim Young Hun , Kim YoungHee , Lee Sang‐Joon 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that breast cancer is one of the most common forms of malignancy in females, and metastasis from the primary cancer site is the main cause of death. Aromatic (ar)‐turmerone is present in Curcuma longa and is a common remedy and food. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of ar‐turmerone on expression and enzymatic activity levels of 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 and cyclooxygenaase‐2 (COX‐2) in breast cancer cells. Our data indicated that ar‐turmerone treatment significantly inhibited enzymatic activity and expression of MMP‐9 and COX‐2 at non‐cytotoxic concentrations. However, the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1, TIMP‐2, MMP‐2, and COX‐1 did not change upon ar‐turmerone treatment. We found that ar‐turmerone inhibited the activation of NF‐κB, whereas it did not affect AP‐1 activation. Moreover, The ChIP assay revealed that in vivo binding activities of NF‐κB to the MMP‐9 and COX‐2 promoter were significantly inhibited by ar‐turmerone. Our data showed that ar‐turmerone reduced the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling, whereas it did not affect phosphorylation of JNK or p38 MAPK. Thus, transfection of breast cancer cells with PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 siRNAs significantly decreased TPA‐induced MMP‐9 and COX‐2 expression. These results suggest that ar‐turmerone suppressed the TPA‐induced up‐regulation of MMP‐9 and COX‐2 expression by blocking NF‐κB, PI3K/Akt, and ERK1/2 signaling in human breast cancer cells. Furthermore, ar‐turmerone significantly inhibited TPA‐induced invasion, migration, and colony formation in human breast cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3653–3662, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interfacing the GROMOS (bio)molecular simulation software to quantum‐chemical program packages
Authors: Meier Katharina , Schmid Nathan , van Gunsteren Wilfred F. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe newly implemented quantum‐chemical/molecular‐mechanical (QM/MM) functionality of the Groningen molecular simulation (GROMOS) software for (bio)molecular simulation is described. The implementation scheme is based on direct coupling of the GROMOS C++ software to executables of the quantum‐chemical program packages MNDO and TURBOMOLE, allowing for an independent further development of these packages. The new functions are validated for different test systems using program and model testing techniques. The effect of truncating the QM/MM electrostatic interactions at various QM/MM cutoff radii is discussed and the application of semiempirical versus density‐functional Hamiltonians for a solute molecule in aqueous solution is compared. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Approximate expressions and the relationship between pyramidalization (out‐of‐plane deformation) characteristics of trigonal centers
Authors: Gavrish Sergey P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFairly accurate approximate expressions for commonly used characteristics of non‐planarity of trigonal sp2‐hybridized centers are reported. It is shown that the behavior of all these parameters as a function of bond angles (α, β, γ) is determined primarily by the square‐root of the difference [360° − (α + β + γ)]. This quantity is proposed as a new versatile measure of pyramidalization. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improvement of anhydrous catalyst stability in acetylene dimerization by regulating acidity
Authors: Liu Jianguo , Zuo Yizan , Han Minghan , Wang Zhanwen 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Loss of the active CuCl component occurs during acetylene dimerisation to monovinylacetylene (MVA) catalysed by an anhydrous catalyst with the formation of a dark red precipitate. Acidic species can reduce the loss of CuCl but have an unfavorable influence on acetylene dimerisation. This study aims to determine the precipitate composition and regulate the acidity of the catalyst to find a balance between reaction rate, MVA selectivity and catalyst life.RESULT: The precipitate composition was 2CuCl·3C2H2·1/3CH3CH2NH2·1/7C3H7NO, formed by the combination of DMF, CH3CH2NH2, C2H2 and the [Cu]‐acetylene π‐complex, which is an intermediate in the reaction. From an overall consideration of the loss of CuCl, conversion of acetylene, and selectivity of MVA, the reaction temperature and acetylene space velocity were optimized at 65 °C and 200 h−1, respectively. The introduction of HCl into the catalyst with a rate of 3.2 h−1 could reduce CuCl loss by 73.5%, whereas conversion of acetylene was only lowered by 9.0%.CONCLUSION: Acidity regulation of the anhydrous catalyst by optimising the reaction temperature, acetylene space velocity, and rate of addition of HCl shows little negative effect on acetylene conversion and selectivity to MVA but can reduce CuCl loss significantly. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
In vivo oxygen tension in human septal cartilage increases with age
Authors: Reuther Marsha S. , Briggs Kristen K. , Schumacher Barbara L. , Masuda Koichi , Sah Robert L. , Watson Deborah 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Tissue‐engineered septal cartilage may provide a source of autologous cartilage for repair of nasal defects. Production of clinically useful neocartilage involves multiple steps that include manipulating the culture environment. Partial pressure of oxygen (ppO2) is a property that has been shown to influence cartilage development. Specifically, studies suggest low ppO2 augments in vitro growth of articular cartilage. Although in vivo measurements of articular cartilage ppO2 have demonstrated hypoxic conditions, measurements have not been performed in septal cartilage. The objective of this study was to determine the ppO2 of septal cartilage in vivo.Study Design:Prospective, basic science.Methods:The ppO2 was measured in 14 patients (mean ± standard deviation age, 35.9 ±14.5 years; range, 18–63 years) during routine septoplasty or septorhinoplasty using the OxyLab pO2 monitor (Oxford Optronix Ltd., Oxford, UK). Measurements were taken from the septum and inferior turbinate. Each patient's age and sex were recorded.Results:The average ppO2 measured at the septum and inferior turbinate was 10.5 ± 10.1 mm Hg (1.4 ± 1.3%) and 27.6 ± 12.4 mm Hg (3.6 ± 1.6%), respectively. The ppO2 of these locations was significantly different (P < .005). Advancing age was positively correlated with septal ppO2 (R2 = 0.42; P < .05). Septal ppO2 showed no significant sex variation.Conclusions:This is the first report of in vivo measurement of ppO2 in septal cartilage. The data demonstrate reduced oxygenation of septal cartilage relative to the inferior turbinate. This elucidates an important characteristic of the in vivo milieu that can be applied to septal cartilage tissue engineering.
Measure transformation and efficient quadrature in reduced‐dimensional stochastic modeling of coupled problems
Authors: Arnst M. , Ghanem R. , Phipps E. , Red‐Horse J. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYCoupled problems with various combinations of multiple physics, scales, and domains are found in numerous areas of science and engineering. A key challenge in the formulation and implementation of corresponding coupled numerical models is to facilitate the communication of information across physics, scale, and domain interfaces, as well as between the iterations of solvers used for response computations. In a probabilistic context, any information that is to be communicated between subproblems or iterations should be characterized by an appropriate probabilistic representation. Although the number of sources of uncertainty can be expected to be large in most coupled problems, our contention is that exchanged probabilistic information often resides in a considerably lower‐dimensional space than the sources themselves. In this work, we thus propose to use a dimension reduction technique for obtaining the representation of the exchanged information, and we propose a measure transformation technique that allows subproblem implementations to exploit this dimension reduction to achieve computational gains. The effectiveness of the proposed dimension reduction and measure transformation methodology is demonstrated through a multiphysics problem relevant to nuclear engineering. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized controlled trial of CARE: An intervention to improve outcomes of hospitalized elders and family caregivers
Authors: Li Hong , Powers Bethel Ann , Melnyk Bernadette Mazurek , McCann Robert , Koulouglioti Christina , Anson Elizabeth , Smith Joyce A. , Xia Yinglin , Glose Susan , Tu Xin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this randomized controlled trial we tested the efficacy of an intervention program (CARE: Creating Avenues for Relative Empowerment) for improving outcomes of hospitalized older adults and their family caregivers (FCGs). FCG–patient dyads (n = 407) were randomized into two groups. The CARE group received a two‐session empowerment‐educational program 1–2 days post‐admission and 1–3 days pre‐discharge. The attention control group received a generic information program during the same timeframe. Follow‐up was at 2 weeks and 2 months post‐discharge. There were no statistically significant differences in patient or FCG outcomes. However, inconsistent evidence of role outcome differences suggests that CARE may benefit certain FCG subgroups instead of being a one‐size‐fits‐all intervention strategy. Closer examination of CARE's mechanisms and effects is needed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 35:533–549, 2012
Effects of the implementation of a breastfeeding best practice guideline in a Canadian public health agency
Authors: Rempel Lynn A. , McCleary Lynn 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSeveral strategies were used to implement a breastfeeding best practice guideline (BPG) in a Canadian public health agency. Nurses surveyed before and 1 year after implementation reported increased BPG‐related knowledge and stronger beliefs regarding breastfeeding duration beyond 1 year. Telephone surveys also were conducted with mothers; 90 before BPG implementation and another cohort of 141 mothers following implementation. Post‐implementation mothers were more knowledgeable about sources of breastfeeding help, obtained more help from public health nurses, and reported more breastfeeding‐related discussion with healthcare providers. Compared to the pre‐implementation cohort, mothers in the post‐implementation cohort who were still breastfeeding at 6 months intended to continue breastfeeding longer. Implementing a breastfeeding BPG can affect breastfeeding‐related experiences at a population level. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 35:435–449, 2012
Preparation and properties of poly(urethane acrylate) (PUA) and tetrapod ZnO whisker (TZnO‐W) composite films
Authors: Kim Dowan , Lee Yunho , Seo Jongchul , Han Haksoo , Khan Sher Bahadar 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTetrapod zinc oxide whiskers (TZnO‐Ws) were successfully synthesized via a thermal oxidation method and confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. A series of poly(urethane acrylate) (PUA)/TZnO‐W composite films with various TZnO‐W contents were prepared via a UV curing method and their physical properties were investigated to understand their possible use as packaging materials. The morphological, thermal, mechanical, antibacterial and barrier properties of the PUA/TZnO‐W composite films were interpreted as a function of TZnO‐W content. The thermal stability, barrier properties and antibacterial properties of the composite films, which were strongly dependent upon their chemical and morphological structure, were enhanced as the TZnO‐W content increased. The oxygen transmission rate and water vapor transmission rate decreased from 614 to 161 cm3 m−2 per day and 28.70 to 28.16 g m−2 per day, respectively. However, the mechanical strength of the films decreased due to the low interfacial interaction and poor dispersion with high TZnO‐W loading. The enhanced barrier properties and good antibacterial properties of the PUA/TZnO‐W composite films indicate that these materials are potentially suitable for many packaging applications. However, further studies are needed to increase the compatibility of polymer matrix and filler. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Nano‐texturing of Transparent Polymers with Plasma Etching: Tailoring Topography for a Low Reflectivity
Authors: Di Mundo Rosa , Troia Mariagrazia , Palumbo Fabio , Trotta Massimo , d'Agostino Riccardo 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe reflectivity of transparent polymers can be reduced with a proper nanotextured layer on the surface according to the “moth eye” effect. Plasma etching has been proved to be a reliable method to generate self‐organized nanostructures on the surface of various polymers. In the present work this method, directly carried out in one step, has been tested on polycarbonate for application as low reflective transparent material. CF4 and O2 fed plasma processes have been compared at different treatment time. Chemical (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy), morphological (scanning electron microscopy), and optical (diffuse and specular reflectance, normal and grazing incidence) features have been evaluated. Results indicate that the CF4‐to‐O2 feed ratio significantly affects shape and distribution of the generated structures. O2 plasma, in particular, leads to taller structures with wire‐like aspect and more homogeneous distribution, which are more effective in reducing reflectance with a broadband character (visible and near‐infrared). Treatment duration, which instead affect mainly the dimension scale of the structures, must be tailored in order to control diffuse component of reflectance.magnified image
Field operation of a robotic small waterplane area twin hull boat for shallow‐water bathymetric characterization
Authors: Kitts Christopher , Mahacek Paul , Adamek Thomas , Rasal Ketan , Howard Vincent , Li Steve , Badaoui Alexi , Kirkwood William , Wheat Geoffrey , Hulme Sam 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAn innovative robotic boat has been developed for performing bathymetric mapping of very shallow coastal, estuarine, and inland waters. The boat uses a small waterplane area twin hull design to provide natural platform stability for a multibeam sonar payload, and a navigation system automatically guides the boat in a “lawn‐mowing” pattern to map a region of interest. Developed in stages over five years as part of a low‐cost student design program, the boat is now operational and is being used to generate science‐quality maps for scientific and civil use; it is also being used as a testbed for evaluating the platform for other types of scientific missions and for demonstrating advanced control techniques. This paper reviews the student‐based development process, describes the design of the boat, presents results from field operations, and reviews plans for future extensions to the system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intelligent network security assessment with modeling and analysis of attack patterns
Authors: Kondakci Suleyman 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a new concept for information security assessments while promoting several areas of its application. Threat generation, attack pattern analysis, quantitative risk computation, and network security monitoring locally or remotely are the major application areas of this concept. Instead of testing assets one by one, by applying separate repetitive attacks and assessments, the presented system generates and executes attacks once on a sample group, composes assessment data, and uses the data for the assessment of an entire network. This unique approach can be used as a model to guide the development of tool‐based assessment systems, intelligent network security analysis, monitoring systems, and also as a complementary function in information security test and evaluation laboratories. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow in Bath during Combined Top and Bottom Blowing VOD Refining Process of Stainless Steel
Authors: Wei Ji‐He , Zeng Lin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe fluid flow in a bath in combined top and bottom blowing vacuum‐oxygen decarburization (VOD) refining process of stainless steel has numerically been simulated. The three‐dimensional mathematical model used is essentially based on that proposed in our previous work for the flow in combined side and top blowing argon‐oxygen decarburization (AOD) process, but considering the influence of reduced ambient pressure. Applying it to the flow in the bath of a 120 t VOD vessel under the refining conditions, the results present that the model can fairly well simulate and estimate the flow phenomena. The flow pattern of molten steel in the bath with the combined blowing is a composite result under the common action of the jets from a three‐hole Laval top lance and gas bottom blowing streams. The jets have a leading role on it; the molten steel in the whole bath is in vigorous stirring and circulatory motion during the blowing process. The streams do not alter the basic features of the gas agitation and liquid flow, but can evidently change the local flow pattern of the liquid and increase its turbulent kinetic energy to a certain extent. The flow field and turbulent kinetic energy distribution in the combined blowing with three tuyeres are more uniform than those in the blowing with double tuyeres. Increasing properly the tuyere eccentricities is of advantage for improving the velocity and turbulent kinetic energy distributions, the stirring and mixing result in the practical VOD refining process.
Assessment of black carbon radiative effects in climate models
Authors: Feichter Johann , Stier Philip 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBlack carbon (BC) from the burning of fossil fuel and biomass absorbs solar radiation and might intensify the greenhouse gas warming. Therefore, ideas to combat climate warming by reducing black carbon emissions emerged. However, black carbon emissions are generally accompanied by co‐emission of other aerosols that predominantly scatter and have a cooling effect, so that the net forcing is substantially smaller, reducing mitigation potentials. Moreover, indirect effects on clouds are likely to exert additional cooling. As in situ measurements do not sufficiently sample the global atmosphere and satellite data does not provide the necessary detail on aerosol absorption, our only tools to estimate the effect of mitigation are numerical climate models. A review of current model estimates of black carbon radiative effects gives an average estimate of the direct radiative forcing as +0.33 W/m2, indirect effects of −0.11 W/m2 and through BC deposition on snow/ice surfaces of about +0.05 W/m2. A key limitation of these estimates is that the numerical models required for their global quantification are insufficiently constrained by observations. In addition, the comparison of instantaneous forcings generally overestimates the relative importance of black carbon and policy makers should consider alternative metrics, incorporating time‐horizons. WIREs Clim Change 2012 doi: 10.1002/wcc.180This article is categorized under:

Climate Models and Modeling > Model Components
The European Union challenge: integration of energy, climate, and economic policy
Authors: Lund Peter 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe European Union (EU), the largest economy in the world, has binding sustainable energy and climate goals for the year 2020. The EU has recently presented a vision of a low‐carbon Europe in 2050, which requires the cutting of carbon emissions by over 80%. This will necessitate increased technology development and market deployment efforts in energy efficiency, renewable energy, and clean energy. In addition, such plans need to pay attention to the uneven financial capabilities of the 27 EU member states to undertake such ambitious climate measures. To reach acceptable levels of carbon emissions on a global scale, compensating for economic asymmetries worldwide may require a considerably higher input from Europe as well. The co‐benefits of a proactive European climate policy may be considerable, in particular for economic growth. Achieving these benefits will require greater integration of energy and climate and economic policy, which could form the basis of a green economy in Europe.This article is categorized under:

Energy and Climate > Economics and Policy
Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy
The influence of sex, gestational age, birth weight, blood transfusion, and timing of the heel prick on the pancreatitis‐associated protein concentration in newborn screening for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Vernooij‐van Langen Annette M. M. , Loeber J. Gerard , Elvers Bert , Triepels Ralf H. , Roefs Jos , Gille Johan J. , Reijntjens Sandra , Dompeling Edward , Dankert‐Roelse Jeannette E. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundPancreatitis‐associated protein (PAP) is currently discussed as a marker in newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF). However, it is not known if PAP concentrations are influenced by sex, gestational age, birth weight, blood transfusion or time of collection and what this would mean for NBS for CF.MethodsIn 2008 all newborns in part of the Netherlands were screened for CF by an IRT/PAP protocol. PAP concentration was determined by the MucoPAP ELISA (DynaBio), which was modified to a Dissociation Enhanced Lanthanide Fluoroimmunoassay (DELFIA) method following a protocol of PerkinElmer.ResultsIn healthy newborns, the median PAP concentration was 0.5 μg/l (Interquartile range (IQR 0.3‐0.8) whereas this was 3.2 μg/l (IQR 2.0‐12.5) in CF infants. PAP concentrations were lower in premature infants 0.94 and 0.91 times for 25 to 31 + 6 weeks GA and 32 to 36 + 6 weeks respectively. A higher PAP concentration was observed in low‐birth‐weight infants (<2500 gram)(p = 0.001), per 100 gram birth weight gained the PAP concentration decreased with 0.1 %. PAP levels were higher after a blood transfusion, the 95th percentile increased from 1.3 to 3.6 μg/l leading to a higher false‐positive rate. The PAP concentration increased when newborn screening was performed more than 168 hours (day 7) after birth (β = 1.63), the 95th percentile increased from 1.3‐1.6 μg/l to 4.0 μg/l after 168 hours (72,874 newborns were screened).ConclusionSex, birth weight, and gestational age lead to small differences in PAP concentrations without consequences for the screening algorithm. However, blood transfusion as well as performance of the heel prick after 168 hours (7 days) lead to clinically significant higher PAP levels and to a higher risk on a false‐positive screening test result.