bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of lead contamination in soil and tap water in daycare facilities in Addis Ababa: implications for children's health
Authors: Belete Eden , Getaneh Zerihun , Debebe Dawit 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

In recent years, lead poisoning has been recognized as a serious environmental health problem throughout the world, particularly, for children in developing countries. The objective of the study was to investigate the lead level in the water and soil of daycare facilities in Addis Ababa. Graphite furnaces atomic absorption spectrometry was used to analyze the concentration of lead in soil and tap water of 28 daycare centers. The result indicated that the mean levels of lead in soil and water were 0.00237 mg/g and 8.26 μg/L, respectively, which are below the permissible values of 0.1 mg/g and 10 μg/L according to WHO standards. The blood lead levels and exposure to lead in children were calculated using the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidelines. The mean blood lead level was 1.78 μg/dL, and the model also predicted that 6.497% of the children in the city may have blood lead levels above the Center for Disease Control recommended reference value of 3.5 μg/dL. Even if the values were below the reference, there is no safe blood lead level since even a small amount can have adverse effects on children.
Evaluating rooftop rainwater harvesting potential to satisfy urban water demand in Hosaena City, South Central Ethiopia
Authors: Meskele Dawit Yohannes , Shomre Muse Wldmchel , Soche Tagese Kalsido 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe assessment of the rainwater harvesting (RWH) potential in Hosaena City from medium to large public buildings is the main objective of the study. ArcGIS with Google Earth Pro was used to calculate the rooftop area of the selected building, and RWH from each category of public buildings was evaluated by considering rooftop areas, monthly rainfall, and runoff coefficient. The result shows that the highest amount of rainwater was harvested from the City Administration building in August (197.1 m3), whereas the lowest was collected from the Health Center building in December (1.8 m3). Additionally, the contribution of RWH from individual public buildings for each month was evaluated, and its values ranged from 0.073 to 1.8%. The comparison shows that Wachemo University, Nigist Eleni Comprehensive Hospital, a technical and vocational institute, and teacher training center buildings, could have a significant potential for rainwater storage, ranging from 1.56 to 28.41%. This implies that, besides saving a noteworthy volume of potable water, the excess rainwater can be stored and utilized for the later dry months. As a result, it is recommended that rooftop RWH in Hosaena be the best source of the city's water supply system to reduce the current water supply shortage.
Evaluating long-term impacts of land use/land cover changes on pollution loads at a catchment scale
Authors: Zena Kokeb , Demissie Tamene Adugna , Feyessa Fekadu Fufa 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Evaluating how pollutant loads react to changes in land use/land cover (LULC) is a challenging task due to the intricate relationships among the many elements within a watershed. However, the difficulty in connecting LULC change and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution loads to streams may be lessened by combining hydrological modeling with geospatial tools and multivariate statistics. The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of LULC change on NPS pollution loads in a highly human-dominated catchment, in central Ethiopia. In the study, hydrologic modeling was used to estimate the NPS parameters from multispectral Landsat images, and multivariate statistical techniques were then used to extract major LULC types that explain the variances of NPS loads between 1981 and 2020. The results demonstrated that there were human-induced LULC changes in the area, as the built-up and agricultural landscapes are rising (186.4% and 5.8%, respectively), and shrub and forest lands are decreasing (67.1% and 41%, respectively). As a result of these changes, the concentrations of nitrate (NO3), total P, total N, organic N, and organic P loads were increased by 69.41, 19.83, 18.45, 18.88, and 24.05%, respectively. Reductions in natural vegetation, as well as agriculture intensification, are the major contributors to the NPS pollutant losses to surface water sources. The result also revealed that pollution nutrients are strongly related to deforestation and agricultural land expansion. Proper adaptation strategies should be implemented to minimize the negative impact of LULC changes in the area.
Evaluation on the performance of a swirling-type hydrodynamic separator using physical and numerical models
Authors: Weng Zhexin , Qian Yu , Zhu David Z. , Mugume Seith N. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Hydrodynamic separators are commonly used to control the total suspended solid concentration in stormwater before being discharged to natural water bodies. The separator studied in this paper, featuring a swirling flow generated by tangential inlet and outlet connections, was analyzed for its sediment removal efficiency in relation to sediment and flow rates. For the separator studied in this paper, the numerical model showed that the flow field was favorable for the sediments to gather at the center and settle. A higher flow rate or a smaller sediment diameter corresponded to a lower removal rate and vice versa. The dimension improvement for increasing the sediment removal rate was also studied. It was found that increasing the diameter of the separator showed a higher sediment removal rate compared with corresponding increase in the height of the separator. A dimensionless parameter J was proposed to assess the sediment removal rate of a separator, which may be used for designing and optimizing such a device. The removal rate is positively correlated with the J value. When the J value reaches 0.5 or above, the sediment removal rate exceeds 80%, which is a good initial target value for designing this type of separator.
Anthrax in the South of Russia
Authors: Logvin F. V. , Kulichenko A. N. , Ryazanova A. G. , Gerasimenko D. K. , Eremenko E. I. , Oleynikova K. A. , Aksenova L. Yu. , Semenova O. V. , Nikitina A. V. , Golovinskaya T. M. , Pechkovskii G. А. 
Published: June 2024

Objective: analysis of the current epizootological and epidemiological situation on anthrax and characteristic of stationary hazardous for this infection areas (SHAs) in the South of Russia.Materials and methods: we used data on SHAs and anthrax burials from the Rospotrebnadzor Directorates for the subjects of the Southern (SFD) and North Caucasus (NCFD) federal districts, regional Veterinary Directorates, official data from Rospotrebnadzor and Rosselkhoznadzor on morbidity in humans and livestock.Results: anthrax is almost ubiquitous in the regions of the SFD and NCFD. According to data updated in 2023, in the South of Russia, 3845 SHAs were taken into account, in which 9815 outbreaks were registered. In 1999-2023 92 SHAs showed activity, 23 of which are new. There are 350 anthrax burials located in the SHA’s territories. Over 25 years, there were 104 outbreaks affecting at least 269 livestock and 134 people, with 4 deaths. Human infection occurred mainly during the forced slaughter of sick cattle, unvaccinated against anthrax, through contact with contaminated meat.Conclusion: the epidemiological and epidemiological situation on anthrax in the South of Russia continues to remain unstable. The problem is due to the presence of a significant number of soil hotspots against the backdrop of incomplete implementation of preventive measures. Stabilization of the anthrax situation can only be achieved by implementing a full range of preventive and anti-epidemic measures in the format of interdepartmental interaction.
The Rostov-on-Don Anti-Plague Institute and it’s 90 years of scientific and practical cooperations
Authors: Noskov A. K. , Kovalev E. V. , Karpushchenko G. V. , Chemisova O. S. , Kretenchuk O. F. , Poleeva M. V. , Noskovа O. A. , Glushchenko Е. I. , Tverdokhlebova T. I. , Kvasov A. R. 
Published: June 2024

Objective: to form a brief overview of data on the interactions of the Rostov-on-Don Anti-plague Research Institute with the other state institutions ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological population wellbeing.Materials and methods: analysis of archive materials and literature sources from databases and electronic libraries such as E-library, CyberLeninka, etc.Results: We have described the main directions of the interactions of the Rostov-on-Don Anti-plague Research Institute with the institutions of Rospotrebnadzor (Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing) and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, that have been directed on realization of collaborative studies, planning of cooperative publications, organizing and conducting advisory, methodological and practical assistance. Special attention has been paid to the activities that bring together specialists from both research and educational institutions and practical health-care in the Rostov region.Conclusion: Coordinated actions of specialists from the Rostov-on-Don Anti Plague Research Institute with the bodies and organizations of Rospotrebnadzor, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on improvement of epidemiological surveillance, diagnostics and prevention of infectious diseases allow us to carry out effective surveillance of especially dangerous infections and to promote improvement of professional level of profile specialists.
The role of some indicators of the antioxidant system and adipose tissue metabolism in predicting isthmic-cervical insufficiency
Authors: Keller O. V. , Botasheva T. L. , Rymashevsky A. N. , Lebedenko E. Yu. , Palieva N. V. , Kaushanskaya L. V. , Zavodnov O. P. , Zheleznyakova Е. V. 
Published: June 2024

Objective: to evaluate the role of some indicators of antioxidant system and adipose tissue metabolism in predicting preterm birth in pregnant women with isthmic-cervical insufficiency.Materials and methods: the study included 117 pregnant women divided in two clinical groups: group I — 57 pregnant women with isthmic-cervical insufficiency, who underwent surgical cerclage, group II — 60 women with a physiological pregnancy. Using enzyme immunoassay, we determined the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ceruloplasmin, leptin, homocysteine, ghrelin, resistin and adiponectin in the blood serum of pregnant women of clinical groups.Results: it has been established that catalase has the greatest prognostic significance in relation to isthmic-cervical insufficiency on the part of the antioxidant system, and leptin, resistin and homocysteine on the part of adipose tissue metabolism indicators.Conclusions: determination of the level of some isthmic-cervical insufficiency associated indicators of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in the first trimester of pregnancy can be successfully used to form a risk group, early prediction and timely prevention of isthmic-cervical insufficiency.
Development of Automated Triggers in Ambulatory Settings in Brazil: Protocol for a Machine Learning–Based Design Thinking Study
Authors: Herrera Claire Nierva , Gimenes Fernanda Raphael Escobar , Herrera João Paulo , Cavalli Ricardo 
Published: June 2024

Background
The use of technologies has had a significant impact on patient safety and the quality of care and has increased globally. In the literature, it has been reported that people die annually due to adverse events (AEs), and various methods exist for investigating and measuring AEs. However, some methods have a limited scope, data extraction, and the need for data standardization. In Brazil, there are few studies on the application of trigger tools, and this study is the first to create automated triggers in ambulatory care.

Objective
This study aims to develop a machine learning (ML)–based automated trigger for outpatient health care settings in Brazil.

Methods
A mixed methods research will be conducted within a design thinking framework and the principles will be applied in creating the automated triggers, following the stages of (1) empathize and define the problem, involving observations and inquiries to comprehend both the user and the challenge at hand; (2) ideation, where various solutions to the problem are generated; (3) prototyping, involving the construction of a minimal representation of the best solutions; (4) testing, where user feedback is obtained to refine the solution; and (5) implementation, where the refined solution is tested, changes are assessed, and scaling is considered. Furthermore, ML methods will be adopted to develop automated triggers, tailored to the local context in collaboration with an expert in the field.

Results
This protocol describes a research study in its preliminary stages, prior to any data gathering and analysis. The study was approved by the members of the organizations within the institution in January 2024 and by the ethics board of the University of São Paulo and the institution where the study will take place. in May 2024. As of June 2024, stage 1 commenced with data gathering for qualitative research. A separate paper focused on explaining the method of ML will be considered after the outcomes of stages 1 and 2 in this study.

Conclusions
After the development of automated triggers in the outpatient setting, it will be possible to prevent and identify potential risks of AEs more promptly, providing valuable information. This technological innovation not only promotes advances in clinical practice but also contributes to the dissemination of techniques and knowledge related to patient safety. Additionally, health care professionals can adopt evidence-based preventive measures, reducing costs associated with AEs and hospital readmissions, enhancing productivity in outpatient care, and contributing to the safety, quality, and effectiveness of care provided. Additionally, in the future, if the outcome is successful, there is the potential to apply it in all units, as planned by the institutional organization.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/55466
Application of an Adapted Health Action Process Approach Model to Predict Engagement With a Digital Mental Health Website: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rouvere Julien , Blanchard Brittany E , Johnson Morgan , Griffith Fillipo Isabell , Mosser Brittany , Romanelli Meghan , Nguyen Theresa , Rushton Kevin , Marion John , Althoff Tim , Areán Patricia A , Pullmann Michael D 
Published: June 2024

Background
Digital Mental Health (DMH) tools are an effective, readily accessible, and affordable form of mental health support. However, sustained engagement with DMH is suboptimal, with limited research on DMH engagement. The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) is an empirically supported theory of health behavior adoption and maintenance. Whether this model also explains DMH tool engagement remains unknown.

Objective
This study examined whether an adapted HAPA model predicted engagement with DMH via a self-guided website.

Methods
Visitors to the Mental Health America (MHA) website were invited to complete a brief survey measuring HAPA constructs. This cross-sectional study tested the adapted HAPA model with data collected using voluntary response sampling from 16,078 sessions (15,619 unique IP addresses from United States residents) on the MHA website from October 2021 through February 2022. Model fit was examined via structural equation modeling in predicting two engagement outcomes: (1) choice to engage with DMH (ie, spending 3 or more seconds on an MHA page, excluding screening pages) and (2) level of engagement (ie, time spent on MHA pages and number of pages visited, both excluding screening pages).

Results
Participants chose to engage with the MHA website in 94.3% (15,161/16,078) of the sessions. Perceived need (β=.66; P<.001), outcome expectancies (β=.49; P<.001), self-efficacy (β=.44; P<.001), and perceived risk (β=.17-.18; P<.001) significantly predicted intention, and intention (β=.77; P<.001) significantly predicted planning. Planning was not significantly associated with choice to engage (β=.03; P=.18). Within participants who chose to engage, the association between planning with level of engagement was statistically significant (β=.12; P<.001). Model fit indices for both engagement outcomes were poor, with the adapted HAPA model accounting for only 0.1% and 1.4% of the variance in choice to engage and level of engagement, respectively.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that the HAPA model did not predict engagement with DMH via a self-guided website. More research is needed to identify appropriate theoretical frameworks and practical strategies (eg, digital design) to optimize DMH tool engagement.
Small airport business governance and regional development.
Authors: Santos Ana Carolina Almeida dos , Valim Gabriel de Aquino , Caetano Mauro 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Small airports business have strategic relevance for national integration and the regional development of a country. Therefore, this study considers the main variables and governance form that make small airports competitive.
Method/approach: Twenty-five small Brazilian airports are evaluated as the study objects using different analytical methods, as DEA and EATWOS.
Main findings: The results provide inputs for the regressions, which relate the organizational characteristics and classify them by their significance. Finally, GDP per capita, population, the closest distance to the airport in relation to the municipality served, delayed flights, and attraction index for airports are significant characteristics that can contribute to regional and national development.
Theoretical, practical/social contributions: The main contributions of the study are associated with the efficiency analyses of small airports from different methods and forms of governance of these businesses considered as references.
Originality/relevance: The study is relevant for considering both the literature and the practical aspects related to the governance of small airports, given their significant role in air transportation and regional development.
Difference in discrepancies of mandibular incisor compensation relative to Menton deviation between Class III roll- and yaw-dominant asymmetries
Authors: Kim Ho-Jin , Noh Hyung-Kyu , Park Hyo-Sang 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To compare mandibular incisor compensation relative to Menton (Me) deviation between skeletal Class III patients with roll- and yaw-dominant mandibular asymmetries.

Materials and Methods
Sixty skeletal Class III patients (21.62 ± 2.69 years) with facial asymmetry were divided into roll- or yaw-dominant asymmetry groups. Mandibular skeletal and incisor measurements were carried out using cone-beam computed tomography data, and values were compared between the two asymmetry groups or between moderate and severe asymmetry subgroups using independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. The relationship between skeletal and dental measurements was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results
Relative to the mandibular midsagittal plane, the yaw-dominant group presented significantly greater mandibular dental midline deviation in distance (LI-mid deviation, 2.15 mm) and angulation (4.20°) toward the nondeviated side than the roll-dominant group (P &lt; .001). The ratio of amount of LI-mid deviation to Me deviation was significantly greater in the yaw-dominant group (26.44%) than in the roll-dominant group (1.76%; P &lt; .001). In the yaw-dominant group, the LI-mid deviation was significantly greater in the severe asymmetry subgroup than in the moderate asymmetry subgroup, and the amount of mandibular incisor compensation was positively correlated with Me deviation and mandibular yaw.

Conclusions
Mandibular incisor compensation differed significantly between the roll- and yaw-dominant asymmetry groups. The yaw-dominant group demonstrated significant mandibular dental midline deviation, and dental compensation of the anterior teeth was positively correlated with Me deviation and mandibular yaw.
O DISCURSO PUBLICITÁRIO EM ALGUMAS DE SUAS DIMENSÕES DISCURSIVAS
Authors: Meirelles Reis Branco Ribeiro Maria do Carmo 
Published: June 2024

O discurso publicitário apresenta algumas características que o definem, em relação ao macroato de fala e na sua materialização, isto é, nos textos-anúncios. As pesquisas aqui relatadas foram desenvolvidas sob a orientação da Professora Doutora Regina Célia Pagliucchi da Silveira, e tratam dos processos de adjetivação nos anúncios publicitários e de aspectos discursivos, de modo a se construir um modelo de gênero textual do anúncio publicitário. A fundamentação teórica foi a Análise Crítica do Discurso, com vertente sócio-cognitiva e a Semiótica Social. Os resultados indicaram a ocorrência de gramaticalização adjetival e propuseram um modelo teórico para constituição do texto publicitário, a partir das cognições sociais do público alvo.
A invasão da Ucrânia e a necessidade de subvenção de ações humanitárias em caráter conjuntivo-dissociativo
Authors: Kulitch Jair , G. de Martino Lins de Franco Sueli 
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: as questões relativas aos direitos humanos no atual cenário mundial, em que se apresenta a invasão da Ucrânia pela Rússia e a necessidade de implementação de subvenções de ações humanitárias em caráter conjuntivo-dissociativo. Metodologia: utiliza-se o método dedutivo, por meio de revisão bibliográfica, a partir de obras sobre o tema e artigos científicos, bem como pela observação de forma crítica das fenomenologias econômica, social e hermenêutica. Justificativa: diante da retomada no cenário mundial de discursos de ódio, com tendências nazistas e fascistas há, de uma forma patente, uma necessidade preeminente e exponencial de reafirmação dos direitos humanos contemporaneamente. O presente estudo justifica-se e reafirma-se a partir desta necessidade de trazer ao centro da academia uma releitura dos direitos humanos, principalmente diante do recente evento caracterizado pela invasão à Ucrânia, um Estado soberano, de forma infundada e injustificada por outro Estado igualmente soberano, a Rússia. Resultados: (i) a invasão infundada e injustificada viola diversas regras de Direito internacional; (ii) a manifesta violação dos direitos humanos e o cometimento de crimes de guerra pela Rússia; e (iii) a necessidade urgente de subvenções de ações humanitárias em caráter conjuntivo-dissociativo por todos os Estados envolvidos ou não, direta ou indiretamente, nesse conflito armado. Contribuições: a contribuição científica auferida é a necessidade contínua e resiliente de revisitar os conceitos nucleares e periféricos relativos aos direitos humanos, a sua efetividade e a sua implementação, principalmente diante da sua manifesta violação como testemunhado mundialmente no conflito armado em comento.