bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter-observer reliability in transect-based observations of environmental waste in greater accra and kisumu: implications for waste management
Authors: Okotto-Okotto J. , Dzodzomenyo M. , Okotto L. , Shaw P. J. , Damkjaer S. , Myers-Hansen G. A. , Boafor E. E. , Wright J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTransect surveys are widely used to quantify mismanaged plastic waste discarded to the environment. However, very few studies have quantified inter-observer reliability in environmental waste surveys. The aim of this study was to assess inter-observer reliability for a set of environmental waste indicators derived from transect surveys in slum areas of two sub-Saharan African cities. Pairs of observers independently recorded counts of scattered waste items, large waste piles, and burnt waste along 64 environmental transects in Kisumu, Kenya, and Greater Accra, Ghana. Concordance correlation coefficients were used to measure inter-observer reliability for derived indicators measuring mismanaged waste density, waste composition, waste origins of policy concern, and waste disposal practices. Evidence across all observers consistently showed that single-use disposable diapers, discarded Personal Protective Equipment, and bagged or bottled water are locally important constituents of mismanaged waste in both cities that should be addressed through urban waste management strategies. In both cities, there was generally excellent inter-observer reliability for density of burnt waste and density of large waste piles (concordance correlation coefficient > 0.9 for all but one observer pair), but weak to moderate inter-observer reliability for scattered waste density and densities of specific waste items such as disposable nappies and discarded Personal Protective Equipment. Our study shows that beach litter survey protocols can be adapted for use in slums. However, to generate robust estimates of scattered waste, its composition, and waste origins of policy concern in slums, assessment of inter-observer reliability should be incorporated into field team training.
Downloading appetite? Investigating the role of parasocial relationship with favorite social media food influencer in followers’ disordered eating behaviors
Authors: Shabahang Reza , Kim Sohee , Chen Xiuhan , Aruguete Mara S. , Zsila Ágnes 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Although a number of investigations have been carried out on the marketing outcomes of parasocial relationships (PSR) with food influencers on social media, little attention has been paid to the potential contribution of these one-sided emotional bonds to followers’ eating attitudes and habits. Drawing on the Parasocial Theory, the role of parasocial attachment with food influencers was investigated in predicting eating disorders, food addiction, and grazing. To increase the accuracy of PSR measurement, a brief self-report scale was developed to gauge social media users’ feelings of mutual awareness, attention, and adjustment with their favorite food influencer at a distance through social media.

Methods
Participants were a convenience sample of 405 Iranian social media users (231women; Mage = 28.16, SDage = 9.40), who followed a favorite food influencer on social media.

Results
The 8-item Parasocial Relationship with Favorite Food Influencer Scale (PSRFFIS) revealed a unidimensional structure with excellent content and construct validity and internal consistency. Regarding gender differences, men showed stronger parasocial attachment to their favorite food influencers. Adjusting age, gender, and subjective social status as control variables, PSR with favorite food influencers partially contributed to the explanation of eating disorder symptom severity, food addiction, and grazing.

Conclusion
These findings show that PSR with favorite food influencers appears to be associated with followers’ craving for food, which, in turn, may contribute to maladaptive eating habits. This highlights media-related factors, such as PSR with food influencers, as potential drivers of dysfunctional eating habits in the digital age, particularly in countries like Iran where disordered eating is prevalent.

Level of evidence
Level V—based on cross-sectional data (correlational study; scale development)
Pressurized environments directly influence friction and wear of dry steel contacts—Investigations in a novel high fluid pressure tribometer
Authors: Reichle Paul , Barz Jakob , Umlauf Georg , Tovar Günter E. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo reduce the usage of classical lubricants in deep drawing, a new tribological system based on volatile lubricants was developed. Therefore, a volatile medium is injected under high pressure into the interstice between drawing tool and sheet metal. Depending on temperature and pressure, the temporary lubricant may exist in its gaseous or liquid phase. In this study, a novel high fluid pressure tribometer was designed to investigate the friction and wear of dry steel contacts under comparable conditions like in dry deep drawing. Therefore, a new ball-on-disc tribometer was designed and integrated into a high-pressure vessel. To specifically investigate the effects of different environments (technical air, liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon) at atmospheric and high pressure (0.1 MPa, 6 MPa) on tribology, the specimens and all components were operating unlubricated. During the experiments, the friction was measured continuously. Results show that the highest friction occurs in air and the lowest in carbon dioxide environment. Subsequent to the experiments, the wear of the specimens was assessed along with changes in surface chemistry related to tribochemical reactions. Therefore, the tribology of the dry sliding contacts is correlated to changes of the surface chemistry. Also differences as well as similarities regarding the different fluid environments are shown. As the results show, the differences between the media used are most pronounced at elevated pressure. Concluding, this work gives clear indications on the suitability of volatile lubricants in dry friction or rather gas lubrication, especially for dry deep drawing.
Integrating Relational Frame Theory (RFT) and Verbal Behavior (VB) in Early Intervention
Authors: Ming Siri , Stewart Ian , McElwee John 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Applying relational frame theory (RFT) to language intervention programs allows behavior analysts to maintain a focus on programming for generative language by providing systematic multiple exemplar training to establish repertoires of derived relational responding. Applying Skinner’s analysis of verbal behavior provides for a focus on identifying sources of control for discriminated responding, and effective means of teaching early verbal operants. Both emphasize the centrality of repertoires of cooperation in language development, and an expansive understanding of contextual control. Our work emphasizes the utility of integrating these two approaches, and this article outlines the relevant theoretical background and empirical basis for assessment and teaching programs, discusses points of intersection of the two approaches, provides examples of application, and prompts future research efforts.
The endpoint Stein–Tomas inequality: old and new
Authors: Oliveira e Silva Diogo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Stein–Tomas inequality from 1975 is a cornerstone of Fourier restriction theory. Despite its respectable age, it is a fertile ground for current research. This note is centered around three classical applications – to Strichartz inequalities, Salem sets and Roth’s theorem in the primes – and three recent improvements: the sharp endpoint Stein–Tomas inequality in three space dimensions, maximal and variational refinements, and the symmetric Stein–Tomas inequality with applications.
The 3-D time-dependent Navier–Stokes equations on multi-connected domains with inhomogeneous boundary conditions and spectral hyperviscosity
Authors: Avrin Joel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe consider the time-dependent 3-D Navier–Stokes equations (NSE) on a multi-connected bounded domain $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R^{\textrm{3}}}$$

Ω
⊂

R
3

with inhomogeneous boundary data $$\beta \in H^{1/2}(\Gamma )$$

β
∈

H

1
/
2

(
Γ
)

on $$\partial \Omega =\Gamma $$

∂
Ω
=
Γ

, where $$\Gamma $$
Γ
is a union of Lipschitz continuous surfaces $$\Gamma _{0},\Gamma _{1},\dots ,\Gamma _{l}$$

Γ
0

,

Γ
1

,
⋯
,

Γ
l

. This assumption includes the particular case when the $$\Gamma _{i}$$

Γ
i

are disjoint, the stationary version of which is classically known as Leray’s problem. Existence results for Leray’s problem have either assumed flux conditions beyond the general flux condition necessitated by compatibility constraints, or required size restrictions on the data. Here we incorporate a spectral hyperviscosity term in the time-dependent case and obtain existence and foundational results, assuming only the general flux condition and without imposing size restrictions on the boundary data $$\beta $$
β
. For any such $$\beta \in H^{1/2}(\Gamma )$$

β
∈

H

1
/
2

(
Γ
)

we establish global existence and uniqueness of mild solutions. Then on any interval [0, T] on which these solutions and the corresponding NSE solution share a common $$H^{1}$$

H
1

-bound (as is present on local intervals of existence of strong solutions, in certain special cases, or as is commonly assumed in achieving strong convergence results in numerical studies) we show for slightly more regular $$\beta $$
β
that the spectrally-hyperviscous solutions converge strongly and uniformly in $$H^{1}(\Omega )$$

H
1

(
Ω
)

to the NSE solution as the spectral hyperviscosity term vanishes in the limit of key parameters. To achieve this robust sense of approximation of the NSE system, an involved setup and specially-adapted semigroup techniques assume essential roles, and the exposition is new for the case $$\beta =0$$

β
=
0

as well. Our final results adapt the NSE reformulation in Liu et al. (J Comput Phys 229(9):3428–3453, 2010) to recast our approximating system in a form potentially more adaptable to computation.
The Effect of Tempering Temperature on Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Tungsten and Boron Alloyed Ni-Hard 4 White Cast Irons
Authors: Barutçuoğlu Burak , Koç Funda Gül , Erişir Ersoy , Karaarslan Gülben 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure and wear resistance of high-alloy white cast iron (Ni-Hard 4) with 1.15% W and 0.5% B additions. Specimens were austenitized at 850 °C for 5 h, quenched in air, and tempered at temperatures between 250 and 650 °C for 4 h. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamic calculations were performed using Thermo-Calc software. After the microstructural investigations, hardness testing was carried out. A pin-on-disk tribometer was used to conduct wear tests under dry sliding conditions. Microstructure and worn surfaces were examined using light and scanning electron microscopes. The results showed that increasing tempering temperature resulted in a higher volume fraction of carbides. It was found that tempering at 550 °C for four hours increases resistance to wear giving the lowest measured values of weight loss and wear rate. Accordingly, tempering allows the precipitation of fine carbides in the martensitic matrix which may increase wear resistance.
Wie Schülerinnen und Schüler und Lehramtsstudierende komplexe Bilder beschreiben
Authors: Kellermann Katharina , Schmitt Lukas 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungPersonen- und Vorgangsbeschreibungen gehören zum Deutschunterricht der Primar- sowie Sekundarstufe dazu. Schreibdidaktische Forschungen fokussieren zumeist Raumbeschreibungen, sodass eine empirische Überprüfung der literalen Entwicklung für Bildbeschreibungen noch wenig vorhanden ist. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden schriftliche Bildbeschreibungen von Lernenden der Primar- und Sekundarstufe sowie Lehramtsstudierenden (N = 318) zu Gustav Klimts Gemälde „Adele Bloch-Bauer II“ hinsichtlich der groben Anordnungsstruktur (Figur und Hintergrund), des Gebrauchs von Lokaladverbien und Konnektoren zur Kohärenzherstellung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Anordnung der Bildelemente häufiger von der Figur ausgeht und der Wechsel der Ordnungsstruktur mit steigender Jahrgangsstufe signifikant abnimmt. Demgegenüber nimmt der Einsatz lokaladverbialer Ausdrücke und Konnektoren mit zunehmender Jahrgangsstufe bis hin zum Lehramtsstudiengang signifikant zu. Trotz seiner Komplexität eignet sich das hier verwendete Bildmaterial dank seiner übersichtlichen Struktur gut für schriftliche Beschreibungen im schulischen Kontext im Primar- und Sekundarbereich.
Developing a CRISPR/FrCas9 system for core promoter editing in rice
Authors: Wang Hui , Ding Jian , Zhu Jingyan , Liu Xiaoshuang , Xu Rongfang , Qin Ruiying , Gu Dongfang , Li Min , Wei Pengcheng , Li Juan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSmall mutations in the core promoter region of a gene may result in substantial changes in expression strengths. However, targeting TA-rich sequences of core promoters may pose a challenge for Cas9 variants such as SpCas9 and other G-rich PAM-compatible Cas9s. In this study, we engineered a unique FrCas9 system derived from Faecalibaculum rodentium for plant genome editing. Our findings indicate that this system is efficient in rice when the TATA sequence is used as a PAM. In addition, FrCas9 demonstrated activity against all 16 possible NNTA PAMs, achieving an efficiency of up to 35.3% in calli and generating homozygous or biallelic mutations in 31.3% of the T0 transgenic plants. A proof-of-concept experiment to examine editing of the rice WX core promoter confirmed that FrCas9-induced mutations could modify gene expression and amylose content. Multiplex mutations and deletions were produced by bidirectional editing, mediated by FrCas9, using a single palindromic TATA sequence as a PAM. Moreover, we developed FrCas9-derived base editors capable of programmable conversion between A·T and G·C pairs in plants. This study highlights a versatile FrCas9 toolset for plant core promoter editing, offering great potential for the fine-tuning of gene expression and creating of new germplasms.
Digital transformation under the governance of Palestinian banks
Authors: Awwad Bahaa Subhi , Razia Bahaa Subhi , Razia Alaa Subhi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aims to understand and evaluate the impact of applying governance principles on digital transformation in Palestinian banks listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange. A questionnaire was distributed to 750 employees from the study population. It included four axes representing governance principles (board of directors’ tasks, board practices and conflicts of interest, disclosure and transparency, and risk management) and a fifth axe representing digital transformation. The study found a strong, statistically significant positive effect of applying governance principles on digital transformation in Palestinian banks. The results also showed the keenness of the boards of directors to discuss the commitment of bank management to implement the provisions and regulations of governance issued by the Palestine Monetary Authority. This helped in developing and approving the necessary policies for risk management and enhanced the effectiveness of oversight of the digital transformation system. This was reflected in increasing customer confidence in the banks’ performance and maintaining the interests of related parties. The study recommended the need to enhance the level of transparency and disclosure regarding governance performance and the progress of digital transformation in banks. It also recommended developing an integrated framework for analyzing and managing risks related to digital transformation. This assists in providing comprehensive training and development programs for practitioners to enhance their capabilities in the field of digital transformation and applying governance principles.
Virtual reality technology for learning detailed design in landscape architecture
Authors: Ha Jaeyoung , Alrayyan Kawthar , Alam M. M. Lekhon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere is much interest in employing computer technology in design professions and education. However, few attempts have been made to apply immersive visualization technology to learn design details in landscape architecture. This study aims to illuminate how virtual reality (VR) technology helps students with design details in landscape architecture. Students were given a course project to create 3D models such as boardwalk structures located in residential pond areas. Based on their 3D models, we asked 16 research participants to answer survey questionnaires about the perception of realism, scale, and effectiveness of using computer technology in semi-immersive environments (e.g., monitor display-based) as opposed to fully immersive environments (e.g., VR head-mounted display-based). The results of our study showed that students had a higher realism in fully immersive environments compared to semi-immersive environments. In terms of perception of scale, participants perceived the height of the simulated model to be higher than they had anticipated in fully immersive environments. While there were no statistically significant findings regarding the effectiveness of design evaluation in the two modalities, students mentioned that VR technology can effectively assist in creating design details, as it provides them with a better understanding of the spatial characteristics of models.
“It’s been years and it still hurts”: Paediatric Critical Care staff experiences of being involved in serious investigations at work: a qualitative study
Authors: Morrison Rachael , Yeter Esra , Syed-Sabir Hena , Butcher Isabelle , Duncan Heather , Webb Sarah , Shaw Rachel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Evidence conducted globally has shown that patient care improves when staff are well. Investigations, although necessary to understand errors and unanticipated events, can be distressing. Feelings of shame and guilt are associated with making mistakes and can lead to moral injury.

Objective
To explore staff experiences of investigations to develop a staff care package. Design: Exploratory qualitative.

Setting(s)
Paediatric Critical Care (PCC) in a UK quaternary hospital.

Participants
14 doctors and nurses.

Methods
PCC staff who had experienced an investigation were interviewed individually. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Fourteen interviews were conducted. Investigations involved Serious incidents, Disciplinary, and Professionalism cases. Four main themes related to: (1) Emotional impact; (2) Negotiating process; (3) Communication challenges; (4) Needing support.

Conclusions
This research has identified aspects of the investigation process which can be upsetting for staff, cause unnecessary distress or moral injury. Findings informed a model for a Feelings First Care Pathway for Serious Investigations.
Growing mycelium leather: a paste substrate approach with post-treatments
Authors: Crawford Assia , Ruthanna Miller Sarah , Branco Sara , Fletcher Jessica , Stefanov Dimitar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This research investigates a novel method for cultivating mycelium-based leather substitutes using a carefully formulated paste consistency substrate. The primary objectives are to enhance nutrient availability, facilitate scalability, and streamline cultivation processes. The study spans a 21-day cultivation period, during which a flower-based medium is employed, eliminating the need for labor-intensive harvesting techniques. Two fungal species, Ganoderma lucidum (rishi) and Pleurotus djamor (pink oyster) are tested to assess their compatibility with the growth method. These species were chosen based on their rapid colonization rates and inherent resilience. The investigation delves into various combinations of crosslinking agents, including glycerol (a plasticizer), commercial tanner, citric acid, and magnesium sulfate. The effects of these agents on tensile strength are compared and qualitative data is analyzed through the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and stereo microscopy. Furthermore, the study explores the fabrication potential of non-woven textiles derived from mycelium, emphasizing their suitability as eco-friendly leather alternatives. Scaled prototypes are highlighted to demonstrate their feasibility. Post-treatment processes, such as dyeing with bio-based dyes and acrylic leather paint, are evaluated for their aesthetic impact. The research contributes a biodegradable material alternative that addresses the environmental challenges of high textile consumption. The findings add to the growing body of sustainable design methods in the realm of leather-like materials in bio-design.
Uniform propagation of chaos for a dollar exchange econophysics model
Authors: Cao Fei , Cortez Roberto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe study the poor-biased model for money exchange introduced in Cao & Motsch ((2023) Kinet. Relat. Models 16(5), 764–794.): agents are being randomly picked at a rate proportional to their current wealth, and then the selected agent gives a dollar to another agent picked uniformly at random. Simulations of a stochastic system of finitely many agents as well as a rigorous analysis carried out in Cao & Motsch ((2023) Kinet. Relat. Models 16(5), 764–794.), Lanchier ((2017) J. Stat. Phys. 167(1), 160–172.) suggest that, when both the number of agents and time become large enough, the distribution of money among the agents converges to a Poisson distribution. In this manuscript, we establish a uniform-in-time propagation of chaos result as the number of agents goes to infinity, which justifies the validity of the mean-field deterministic infinite system of ordinary differential equations as an approximation of the underlying stochastic agent-based dynamics.
Role of Air‐Sea Interaction in the Energy Balance of Anticyclonic and Cyclonic Eddies in the Kuroshio Extension
Authors: Cai Jinzhuo , Li Mingkui , Yang Haiyuan , Chen Zhaohui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUsing eddy‐resolving Community Earth System Model (CESM) simulations, this study investigates mesoscale eddy energetics and the role of air‐sea interaction for both anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies (AEs and CEs) in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region. Based on energy budget analysis and eddy tracking algorithm, it is found that eddy energy balance depicts similar characteristics for AEs and CEs. The eddy kinetic energy (EKE) is generated through barotropic instability, vertical buoyancy flux, as well as transported from the upper stream Kuroshio. In addition, the temperature variance, which is directly related to eddy potential energy, is maintained by baroclinic instability. Air‐sea heat flux and wind stress act as eddy killers to move energy from oceanic eddies. For both AEs and CEs, heat exchange between atmosphere and oceanic eddies dominates the dissipation of temperature variance and accounts for more than 60% and 72% of the total dissipation, respectively. In comparison, the role of wind power in damping the EKE is relatively small. Only 14% (5%) of EKE dissipation in AEs (CEs) is attributed to eddy wind power.