bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross Border Security Challenges for Bangladesh
Authors: Husain Taha 
Published: May 2024

This study aims to explore the challenges of cross-border security in Bangladesh. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study gathers insights from diverse stakeholders, including security forces, analysts, human rights activists, NGO workers, and journalists. Based on thematic analysis, the findings revealed a significant disconnect between the Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) and local communities, exacerbated by bureaucratic challenges and poor coordination among governmental bodies. The vulnerability of hilly border regions to illicit activities, such as insurgency and smuggling, is heightened by inadequate placement and density of Border Outposts (BOPs). Historical and cultural ties influence border dynamics, complicating security efforts. The BGB faces infrastructure and resource challenges, further hampering effective border management. Extreme poverty and lack of education in border communities drive individuals towards smuggling and make them susceptible to human trafficking. Cross-border criminal activities, including drug and arms trafficking, pose significant threats. Additionally, the influx of Rohingya refugees has led to the control of refugee camps by armed groups, creating further security concerns. This research's originality lies in its thematic analysis application to systematically explore and address the multifaceted cross-border security challenges in Bangladesh.
Asteroid Orbit Determination Using Gaia FPR: Statistical Analysis
Authors: Fuentes-Muñoz Oscar , Farnocchia Davide , Naidu Shantanu P. , Park Ryan S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Gaia mission has provided astrometric observations of unprecedented accuracy for more than 156,000 asteroids. The reported astrometric uncertainties are of the order of milliarcseconds, about 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that of traditional ground-based observations. The accuracy of Gaia data requires a high-fidelity orbit determination process, especially in the observation modeling. We present a statistical analysis of Gaia Focused Product Release to test the accuracy of the reported positions and associated uncertainties. We find that center-of-light offsets due to phase variations need to be modeled to properly fit the observational data. Prediction tests show that the uncertainty in the fitted orbits can be optimistic unless the observational uncertainty is inflated to account for errors in finding the center-of-mass of the body. Moreover, errors in the masses of small-body perturbers can cause differences in the orbital solution that exceed formal uncertainties of the best constrained orbits. As an example, we provide an update of the impact hazard analysis of 1950 DA, one of the asteroids observed by Gaia, and find that the impact probability in the year 2880 increases to 3.8 × 10−4.
The Physical Origin of the Periodic Activity for FRB 20180916B
Authors: Lan Hao-Tian , Zhao Zhen-Yin , Wei Yu-Jia , Wang Fa-Yin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are transient radio signals with millisecond-duration, large dispersion measure and extremely high brightness temperature. Among them, FRB 20180916B has been found to have a 16 days periodically modulated activity. However, the physical origin of the periodicity is still a mystery. Here, we utilize the comprehensive observational data to diagnose the periodic models. We find that the ultralong rotation model is the most probable one for the periodic activity. However, this model cannot reproduce the observed rotation measure (RM) variations. We propose a self-consistent model, i.e., a massive star binary containing a slowly rotational neutron star and a massive star with large mass loss, which can naturally accommodate the wealth of observational features for FRB 20180916B. In this model, the RM variation is periodic, which can be tested by future observations.
A Spectral Method to Compute the Tides of Laterally Heterogeneous Bodies
Authors: Rovira-Navarro Marc , Matsuyama Isamu , Berne Alexander 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Body tides reveal information about planetary interiors and affect their evolution. Most models to compute body tides rely on the assumption of a spherically symmetric interior. However, several processes can lead to lateral variations of interior properties. We present a new spectral method to compute the tidal response of laterally heterogeneous bodies. Compared to previous spectral methods, our approach is not limited to small-amplitude lateral variations; compared to finite element codes, this approach is more computationally efficient. While the tidal response of a spherically symmetric body has the same wavelength as the tidal force; lateral heterogeneities produce an additional tidal response with a spectra that depends on the spatial pattern of such variations. For Mercury, the Moon, and Io, the amplitude of this signal is as high as 1%–10% of the main tidal response for long-wavelength shear modulus variations higher than ∼10% of the mean shear modulus. For Europa, Ganymede, and Enceladus, shell-thickness variations of 50% of the mean shell thickness can cause an additional signal of ∼1% and ∼10% for the Jovian moons and Encelaudus, respectively. Future missions, such as BepiColombo and JUICE, might measure these signals. Lateral variations of viscosity affect the distribution of tidal heating. This can drive the thermal evolution of tidally active bodies and affect the distribution of active regions.
Long-term Monitoring of Didymos with the LCOGT Network and MRO after the DART Impact
Authors: Lister Tim , Constantinescu Cora , Ryan William , Ryan Eileen , Gomez Edward , Phillips Liz , Rożek Agata , Usher Helen , Murphy Brian P. , Chatelain Joseph , Greenstreet Sarah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The world’s first planetary defense test mission was carried out in late 2022 by NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission. The main DART spacecraft, which was accompanied by the ASI-provided LICIACube cubesat, intentionally impacted Dimorphos, the smaller secondary of the near-Earth object binary system (65803) Didymos, on 2022 September 26. The impact released a large amount of ejecta, which, combined with the spacecraft’s momentum, produced the observed 33 ± 1 minute period change that was subsequently observed from ground-based telescopes. The DART mission, in addition to having successfully changed the orbital period of Dimorphos, also activated the asteroid as a result of the impact but under known conditions, unlike other impacts on asteroids. We have conducted long-term monitoring over 5 months following the impact with the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope (LCOGT) network and Magdalena Ridge Observatory (MRO). This was supplemented by almost 3 months of more sparsely sampled data, primarily from educational users of the LCOGT network during the period from 2022 July 5 to 2022 September 25, prior to the impact date of 2022 September 26. Here we report the observations of the Didymos system and DART impact ejecta with the telescopes of the LCOGT network from T+1.93 days to T+151.3 days after impact, and we study the evolving morphology of the ejecta cloud and evolving tail over the entire length of the data set. In addition, we combined these intensive data sets with the earlier sparse observations over the ∼90 days prior to impact to derive a new disk-integrated phase function model using the H, G
1, G
2 parameterization.
Quand le care s'immisce dans les logiques économiques : la présence du soin dans le soutien à l'entrepreneuriat en quartier prioritaire
Authors: Clément Lorena 
Published: May 2024

En interrogeant la présence du care dans la politique de soutien à l'entrepreneuriat en quartier prioritaire, l'article décentre le regard des logiques marchandes et instrumentales pour s'intéresser à l'attention portée à autrui dans les activités économiques. Pour ce faire, il s'intéresse aux liens interpersonnels de soin qui organisent l'action et l'accompagnement entrepreneuriaux en s'appuyant sur une enquête de terrain qualitative menée entre 2018 et 2020. En se nourrissant de travaux qui mêlent la géographie des inégalités aux sciences de gestion critiques, celle-ci révèle des pratiques implicites de soin de la part de conseillers et d'entrepreneurs. Bien que ces pratiques de care fondent un rapport de sollicitude aux autres et au monde qui s'oppose à l'image d'un entrepreneuriat individuel et marchand, elles restent d'ordre interindividuel et réduisent peu les inégalités structurelles.
Kevin, « médiateur covid » : Récit d’une vocation déçue
Authors: Faya Robles Alfonsina , Soulier Alexandra , Boulaghaf Laurence 
Published: May 2024

En pleine crise du covid-19, certaines initiatives locales ont amené des professionnels de santé à construire des dispositifs de médiation dans les quartiers populaires afin de transmettre des messages de santé publique à des populations qu’ils estimaient mal informées. En enquêtant sur l’un de ces dispositifs de « médiation covid » dans une grande ville de l’est de la France, nous avons rencontré Kevin qui a été médiateur pendant six mois. À travers le récit de son expérience, nous découvrons comment un dispositif « bricolé » en temps de crise peut tenter de concilier différents modèles préventifs et ainsi donner lieu à des utilisations contradictoires de la médiation pair en tant qu’outil de participation, d’émancipation et de légitimation institutionnelle. Cette étude de cas, analysée comme la rencontre particulière entre une personne et un dispositif, illustre aussi la tension entre la dimension vocationnelle, très présente dans les métiers socio-sanitaires et la précarisation du travail dans le champ de la santé publique.
La datafication des politiques de santé et l’écosystème des données numériques de santé au Sénégal
Authors: Tichenor Marlee 
Published: May 2024

Les exigences des acteurs de la santé mondiale pèsent sur les systèmes de santé des pays qui bénéficient de leurs financements, et plus particulièrement sur les infrastructures de données numériques liées à la santé. Celles-ci suscitent en effet des attentes différentes de part et d’autre : alors que les financeurs souhaitent avant tout pouvoir utiliser ces données pour justifier leurs investissements auprès de leurs actionnaires, les pays bénéficiaires espèrent grâce à elles recueillir des informations sur et pour leurs politiques sanitaires. Ces objectifs contradictoires engendrent des systèmes d’information fragmentaires et incomplets dans les pays qui dépendent des fonds mondiaux pour la santé mondiale pour soutenir les infrastructures de données. Dans cet article, j’étudie le cas de la couverture maladie universelle au Sénégal — parallèlement aux discours mondiaux – pour montrer comment cet écosystème des données de santé est établi et entretenu.
Knowledge and attitude regarding noncommunicable diseases among school-going girls in Ghaziabad
Authors: Jetli Neha , Agrawal Deepika , Kumar A. Revanth , Singh Anupama , Gaur Ashish , Gupta Gajendra Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are chronic health conditions that do not spread from person to person. Once considered the epidemic of the affluent, now they are gripping low- and middle-income countries. Disability caused by NCDs has risen from 21% of the total disease burden in 1990 to 34% by 2019. Major causes include poor nutrition, physical inactivity, unregulated usage of tobacco and alcohol, inaccessible healthcare, and unhealthy environment. Therefore, giving the correct information about the long-term effects of adopting unhealthy habits should be emphasized among adolescents.

Objectives:
The objective is to study the impact of awareness session on knowledge and attitude regarding NCDs among school-going girls in Ghaziabad city.

Materials and Methods:
A School-based intervention study was conducted in a selected Government School in Ghaziabad city. A predesigned, semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the students to assess their baseline knowledge and attitude. After the awareness session, the same questionnaire was administered again. The data were compiled and analyzed using MS Excel 2016, and appropriate statistical method like McNemar's test was applied.

Results:
Among the 216 study participants, 75.9% could differentiate between Communicable and NCDs correctly which increased to 89.8% after the session. Regarding the identification of major NCDs pre- and post-session proportions were 59% and 68%, respectively. The attitude of majority of the students (99%) remained positive from the starting. They believed that these diseases are preventable and lifestyle modifications are protective.

Conclusion:
Considerable improvement was observed in the awareness levels of the school students regarding NCDs after attending the health awareness session. When correct information is imparted, students develop a positive attitude and are encouraged to develop a healthy lifestyle. Hence, it is recommended that regular awareness sessions should be organized in schools to build a healthy nation.
Neuroprotective effect of liraglutide and memantine in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bakhshwin Duaa M. , Alhalabi Foziya W. , Barasheed Mohamad Omar , Bakhshwin Ahmed M. , Jamal Maha H. , Bazuhair Mohammed A. , Kamel Fatemah O. , Magadmi Rania M. , Damanhouri Zoheir A , Alsaggaf Samar M. 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To assess the effect of memantine combined with liraglutide on aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and D-galactose (D-GAL)- induced neurotoxicity in rats.

Methods:
Male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each: the positive control, the negative control, the memantine-treated group, the liraglutide-treated group, and the combination group treated with memantine and liraglutide. AlCl3 and D-GAL were used to induce neurotoxicity. Behavioral tests, brain beta-amyloid protein, and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated.

Results:
The Morris water maze test indicated an enhanced memory in the combination group. Moreover, the combination treatment of liraglutide and memantine resulted in a remarkable reduction in the beta-amyloid protein level in the brain tissue. Neuronal inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly reduced, and the levels of antioxidant parameters were enhanced.

Conclusions:
The combination of liraglutide and memantine exerts neuroprotective effects and enhances memory and cognitive functions in rats with Alzheimer’s disease.
Resurgence of measles virus infection in an eliminated country, Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando Merennage Anusha Yasanthi , Chathuranga Gankandage Prabhath , Abeygunasekara Kaanthaka Gunaradha , Weligamage Dedunu Dias , Abeynayake Janaki Indira 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To describe the situation of measles in Sri Lanka from May to November, 2023 and to define the role of virology laboratory towards case confirmation and epidemiological and genetic characterization of the outbreak.

Methods:
This retrospective study analyzed all samples tested for measles from 1st of May to 30th of November, 2023 at National Measles Rubella Laboratory, Sri Lanka. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) algorithm, serum and oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs were tested with WHO recommended kits for anti-measles IgM and measles virus specific RNA, respectively. Selected RNA positive samples were sequenced at reference laboratory, India. Analysis of sequencing data and construction of phylogenetic tree were carried out at National Measles Rubella Laboratory. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:
Of the total 1132 serum samples and 497 oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs from 1326 patients, 657 (49.5%) patients were confirmed as measles by anti-measles IgM, measles virus specific RNA or both. Males (55.6%, n=365) and the age group from >20 to ≤30 years (33.0%, n=217) predominated positive patients. All provinces reported measles positive cases. All samples sequenced (100%, n=42) were genotype D8 with 95.2% (n=40) bearing Victoria. Australia origin.

Conclusions:
We described resurgence of measles in an eliminated country, confirming the genotype to be D8, one of the two genotypes currently circulating globally. Further, the study strongly convinced the importance of a strengthened virological surveillance system in an eliminated country, despite its eliminated status.
Prevalence and Causes of Endemic Hydric Fluorosis in a Village in Rural Karnataka, India
Authors: Isaac Arjunan , Pruthvish S. , Radhika K. , Murthy N. S. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Fluorosis is caused because of excessive fluoride intake. Karnataka is one among the states that have reported high fluoride content in the groundwater. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and clinical manifestations suggestive of fluorosis, along with the causes for fluorosis among the population of Kaiwara village.

Methodology:
The present cross-sectional survey was performed among 3003 permanent residents of Kaiwara village. Demographic details such as age, occupation, education, economic status, and anthropometric details were recorded. Parameters such as predominant diet, genu valgum, and grades of goiter were studied and recorded to determine their association with fluorosis. Dean's index was used to detect dental fluorosis. The levels of fluoride in urine were estimated using the ELICO-LI-126 Fluoride ion analyzer.

Results:
The most observed age group among study subjects was 10–49 years (males: 813 and females: 1304). Age, diet, genu valgum, and grade of goiter were significantly (P < 0.001) associated with Dean's index. Of the study subjects, about 11.8% were unable to touch their toes indicating fluorosis. 2.075 mg/dl was the mean baseline fluoride level found in all the four samples from the main water tanks supplying water to the village. Out of 100 urine samples randomly taken, all had fluoride levels above the acceptable levels (>0.1 ppm).

Conclusion:
Hydric fluorosis is endemic among the general population of Kaiwara village in Karnataka. The main leading cause for fluorosis occurrence in this region might be due to high fluoride levels reported in the groundwater.
Evaluation of the Bacterial Contamination of Air and Surfaces in Different Dental Environments
Authors: Mirhoseini Seyed Hamed , Bayani Mojtaba 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
In dental clinic environment, dental staff and patients are daily exposed to many types of infectious agents transported by aerosols and droplets, promoting an increased risk of cross infection. The aim of this study was to assess the level of bacterial contamination of air and surfaces in different wards of the educational clinic in Arak University of Medical Sciences.

Materials and Methods:
Samples were obtained from the air and surfaces of five active wards of the dental school clinic. Air sampling was performed actively at ½ and 2 m distances from two random units in each ward. Sampling from surfaces was conducted using a wet sterile swab from the washing sink and handpiece after disinfection. Grown colonies were counted and bacterial phenotyping was based primarily on morphology, Gram-staining, endospore formation, catalase activity, and cytochrome oxidase presence. For statistical analysis, the Kruskal–Wallis test was used at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:
Bacterial contamination was detected in all of 80 samples taken from the surfaces of different sections. Regarding the total number of colonies growing from surface samples, there was no significant difference between the studied wards (P > 0.05). The mean concentration of airborne bacteria in the pediatric ward (488 CFU/m3) at a distance of 0.5 m and the surgical ward (339 CFU/m3) at a distance of 2 m had the highest value compared to other wards. In general, there was no statistically significant difference between the total density of airborne bacteria at distances of 0.5 and 2 m (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Bacterial contamination in the environment of the dentistry clinic increases during the treatment process. The clinic's space, the types of the ward and treatment process, and distance from the unit are among the factors affecting the type and diffusion extent of microbial aerosols.
Assessment of Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water and its Gastrointestinal Health Effects on Residents of Vadodara City
Authors: Patel Sangita Vashrambhai , Khokhariya Rahul D. , Rathod Jagruti , Chatterji Deya G. , Patel Jesal 
Published: May 2024

Aims:
The present study was conducted to assess the gastrointestinal health effects and other health effects due to consumption of drinking water, to analyze the water quality parameters (bacteriological and free residual chlorine), and to find out the methods of purification of water at household level and hand washing technique among people in urban Vadodara.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out at urban Vadodara city. 2609 participants were included in the study from among 720 households. 60 households from each selected water tank area were included. Interviews were conducted to know the health effects of water as well as method of purification, hand-washing technique, and the history of gastrointestinal problems. Thirty-eight water samples were tested hydrogen sulfide (H2S) strip test and multiple tube method.

Results:
4.21% had history of diarrhea in the last 2 weeks. 0.99% had typhoid and 0.65% had history of Jaundice in the past year. H2S Strip test was Negative and no single coliform was found in all 38 water samples. The free chlorine levels in all the tanks were found to be higher than the normal levels. 43.05% participants were using simple cloth or sieve for purification of water followed by 35.97% participants were using reverse osmosis. 14.25% participants were not washing hands before cooking while 5.13% participants were not washing hands after going toilet.

Conclusion:
Supplied drinking water was bacteriologically safe. Despite that history of diarrhea, typhoid and jaundice was found in the study area.
The Effects of Acute Toxicity of Dieldrin on HeLa Cell Line: An In Vitro Assessment
Authors: Sharafi Seyedeh Maryam , Amin Mohammad Mehdi , Darani Hossein Yousofi , Nafez Amir Hossein , Mood Nastaran Izadi , Kiani Razieh 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
Among environmental pollutants, there is a great concern about organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) due to their environmental persistence, accumulation in the food chain, detection in breast milk, and their ability to accumulate in adipose tissues. Due to the toxicity of OCPs and its relationship with human health, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dieldrin pesticides on morphological changes in the HeLa cell line.

Materials and Methods:
Standard concentrations of dieldrin (0.1-20 ppm) were prepared and cells were cultured in 1640 Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium containing 10% bovine serum albumin and Pen-Strep antibiotic. Subsequently, the morphological effects of dieldrin on HeLa cells in a cell culture medium were investigated.

Results:
Morphological and cytopathic changes were not observed in HeLa cells treated with concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 ppm of dieldrin. However, significant changes including cell rounding and cytopathic effects were observed in the cells treated with 5 ppm of dieldrin. Moreover, at concentrations of 15 and 20 ppm of dieldrin, the cells were completely destroyed and could not be examined.

Conclusion:
The effects of dieldrin on HeLa cell morphology were observed in the form of cell rounding and cytopathic effects. These morphological changes suggest that dieldrin may induce the process of apoptosis in cells. According to the results, the identification of different factors that aggravate the cytotoxic effects of this pesticide needs further research.