bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress on current drug use among healthcare workers: Differences by occupational level
Authors: Okon Sylvia , Khan Tourna , Duffy Nora , Roan Carson , Hoopsick Rachel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Work-related stress has been well-examined among physicians, but little is known about how it might affect drug use or healthcare workers in lower-wage occupations characterized by high job demands and low occupational autonomy (e.g., medical assistants, nursing assistants). In March 2022, we collected data from a diverse sample of healthcare workers (N = 200). We separately examined the cross-sectional relationships between several work-related experiences (i.e., compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress) and measures of current drug use (i.e., non-medical use of prescription drugs [NMUPD], cannabis use, and illicit drug use). We then examined for differences occupational level (i.e., prescriber/administrator vs. other healthcare worker). In main effects models, greater burnout and secondary traumatic stress were both associated with higher odds of NMUPD, cannabis use, and illicit drug use (ps < 0.01). Greater compassion satisfaction was associated with lower odds of illicit drug use (p < 0.05), but not with NMUPD or cannabis use (ps > 0.05). There was a significant interaction between secondary traumatic stress and occupational level on NMUPD (p < 0.05) such that there was no relationship between secondary traumatic stress and NMUPD among prescribers/administrators, but the likelihood of NMUPD among other healthcare workers increased with greater secondary traumatic stress. Similar trend-level interactions were observed between secondary traumatic stress and occupational level on cannabis use (p < 0.10) and between burnout and occupational level on NMUPD. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress are systemic issues, and results suggest they may contribute to drug use. Healthcare workers in positions characterized by high demands and low autonomy may be especially vulnerable.
Transfer with microbiota from lean donors prevents excessive weight gain and restores gut-brain vagal signaling in obese rats maintained on a high fat diet
Authors: Minaya Dulce M. , Kim Jiyoung S. , Kirkland Rebecca , Allen Jillian , Cullinan Sitara , Maclang Neil , de Lartigue Guillaume , Serre Claire B. de La 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background. The collection of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, which live in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are collectible known as the gut microbiota. GI bacteria play an active role in regulation of the host’s immune system and metabolism, as well as certain pathophysiological processes. Diet is the main factor modulating GI microbiota composition and recent studies have shown that high fat (HF) diets induce detrimental changes, known as dysbiosis, in the GI bacterial makeup. HF diet induced microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with structural and functional changes in gut-brain vagally mediated signaling system, associated with overeating and obesity. Although HF-driven changes in microbiota composition are sufficient to alter vagal signaling, it is unknown if restoring normal microbiota in obesity can improve gut-brain signaling and metabolic outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the effect of lean gut microbiota transfer in obese, vagally compromised, rats on gut-brain communication, food intake, and body weight. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on regular chow, or 45% HF diet for nine weeks followed by three weeks of microbiota depletion using an antibiotic cocktail. The animals were then divided into four groups (n=10 each): LF – control group on regular chow, LF-LF – chow fed animals that received antibiotics and microbiota from chow fed animals, HF-LF – HF fed animals that received microbiota from chow fed animals, and HF-HF– HF fed animals that received microbiota from HF fed animals. Animals were gavaged with donor microbiota for three consecutive days on week one and once a week thereafter for three more weeks. HF-LF animals received inulin as a prebiotic to aid the establishment of the lean microbiome.
Results. We found that transferring a LF microbiota to HF fed animals (HF-LF) reduced caloric intake during the light phase when compared with HF-HF rats and prevented additional excessive weight gain. We did not observe significant changes in the density of vagal afferents terminating in the brainstem among the groups, however, HF-LF animals displayed an increase in postprandial activation of both primary sensory neurons innervating the GI tract and brainstem secondary neurons.
Conclusions. We concluded from these data that normalizing microbiota composition in obese rats improves gut-brain communication and restores
Machine-learning-based bitter taste threshold prediction model for bitter substances: fusing molecular docking binding energy with molecular descriptor features
Authors: Chen Can , Deng Haichao , Wei Huijie , Wang Yaqing , Xia Ning , Teng Jianwen , Zhang Qisong , Huang Li 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Establishing the bitterness threshold of molecules is vital for their application in healthy foods. Although numerous studies have utilized Mathematical algorithms to identify bitter chemicals, few models can accurately forecast the bitterness threshold. This study investigates the binding mode of bitter substances to the TAS2R14 receptor, establishing the relationship between the threshold and binding energy. Subsequently, a structure-taste relationship model was constructed using random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), categorical boosting (CatBoost), and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) algorithms. Results showed R-squared values of 0.906, 0.889, 0.936, and 0.877, respectively, suggesting a relatively good predictive capability for the bitterness threshold. Among these models, CatBoost performed optimally. The CatBoost model was then employed to predict the bitter thresholds of 223 compounds. The model provides a precise reference for detecting the bitterness thresholds of a wide range of chemicals and dangerous substances.
Agricultural Hotspots in India: Evidence from Paddy, Wheat, and Millets
Authors: Pramanik Chanchal 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We investigate seasonal yields at the district level of paddy, wheat, and millets in India from 2010 to 2019 to identify hot/coldspots for these major food grains. The analysis includes examining the contrast between hotspot maps of crop yield and historical weather deviation maps to provide insights into the clustering of crop yields. The findings reveal that the north and northeast states, as well as West Bengal in the east, experienced the least weather deviations, while the rest of India experienced significant weather anomalies. Paddy hotspots are concentrated in the north and southern regions and West Bengal in the east, while wheat hotspots are in the north and parts of the central and western regions. Millets are productive in the north-central, the south, and Gujarat in the west. In contrast, consistent coldspots for these major food grains are observed in Maharashtra in the west, the rest of the central and eastern regions, and the northeastern region. The analysis suggests that the approach of developing crop management techniques to mitigate weather anomalies by agricultural systems in hotspot States can benefit farmers in other regions in achieving their crop yield potentials. The results call for a deeper analysis of the factors driving regional crop yield convergence over space and time.
JEL Codes: O13, O47, R11, Q18
Anatomy, 3D micro-CT and Semiquantitative Elemental Microanalysis in Common carp vertebrae (Cyprinus carpio; Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Salinas Paulo , Naciff Antonia , Navarro Felipe , Vicencio Florencia , Sandoval Carlos 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The study describes the anatomy vertebrae of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio; Linnaeus, 1758) using 3D micro-CT and Semiquantitative Elemental Microanalysis (EDX), which helps to understand the ontogeny and factors that determine the biomechanics of bones in wild fish. The study of Common carp vertebrae revealed a complex and heterogeneous structure, with a variety of components contributing to their function and stability. The vertebral bodies were composed of lamellar trabeculae and internal hollow spaces, while the neural and hemal arches were composed of bony trabeculae and connected by a lace-like structure. The results of EDX analysis demonstrated the presence of oxygen, nitrogen, sodium, carbon, magnesium, and chlorine, among others. The calcium to phosphorus ratio was within the ranges described in teleost, suggesting good bone health. The presence of magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine, and nitrogen is due to their essential role in different biological processes. In addition, a difference was observed between the trabeculae present in the vertebrae of the abdominal and caudal segments, suggesting a relationship between the density of each bone and its function. These findings contribute to the understanding of the structure and function of vertebrae in wild Common carp and may have implications for understanding the evolution of the vertebral column in fish in general.
Association of same-day urinary phenol levels and cardiac electrical alterations: analysis of the Fernald Community Cohort
Authors: Rubinstein Jack , Pinney Susan M. , Xie Changchun , Wang Hong-Sheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Exposure to phenols has been linked in animal models and human populations to cardiac function alterations and cardiovascular diseases, although their effects on cardiac electrical properties in humans remains to be established. This study aimed to identify changes in electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters associated with environmental phenol exposure in adults of a midwestern large cohort known as the Fernald Community Cohort (FCC).
Methods
During the day of the first comprehensive medical examination, urine samples were obtained, and electrocardiograms were recorded. Cross-sectional linear regression analyses were performed.
Results
Bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF) were both associated with a longer PR interval, an indication of delayed atrial-to-ventricle conduction, in females (p < 0.05) but not males. BPA combined with BPF was associated with an increase QRS duration, an indication of delayed ventricular activation, in females (P < 0.05) but not males. Higher triclocarban (TCC) level was associated with longer QTc interval, an indication of delayed ventricular repolarization, in males (P < 0.01) but not females. Body mass index (BMI) was associated with a significant increase in PR and QTc intervals and ventricular rate in females and in ventricular rate in males. In females, the combined effect of being in the top tertile for both BPA urinary concentration and BMI was an estimate of a 10% increase in PR interval. No associations were found with the other phenols.
Conclusion
Higher exposure to some phenols was associated with alterations of cardiac electrical properties in a sex specific manner in the Fernald cohort. Our population-based findings correlate directly with clinically relevant parameters that are associated with known pathophysiologic cardiac conditions in humans.
Appraisal of hydrochemistry and non-carcinogenic risk assessment for the distribution of Fluoride and Nitrate in a semi-arid region
Authors: Ullengula Mamatha , Dhakate Ratnakar , Gunnam Venakata Ratnalu , Venkata Sudarshan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Assessment of hydrochemistry, and its impact on human health via ingestion and dermal contact of Fluoride (F−), and Nitrite (NO3−) concentrated groundwater was assessed via ingestion and dermal contact pathways. Sixty-one groundwater samples from a Dilwarpur Mandal, Nirmal district, Telangana State, India were collected and analyzed major ion chemistry for pre and post-rainy seasons from the semi-arid region. The concentration of F− ranged from 0.24–3.28, and 0.08–1.52 mg/l with mean of 1.01, and 0.65 mg/l, around 48%, and 26% of samples exceeded the permissible limits (> 1 mg/l), and NO3− concentration ranges from 3–136, and 6 -132 mg/l with mean of 36 mg/l, and around 34% and 45% of samples exceeded the permissible limits (> 45 mg/l) for both the seasons. Elevated F−, and NO3− concentration due to the dissolution of fluoride-bearing minerals, and excessive use of nitrate fertilizers. Water Quality Index (WQI) ranges from 28–133, and 29–88 for both seasons. Piper plot suggests that CaHCO3 type water with 56% and 51%; Mixed CaMgCl type water with 41% and 49% and Mixed CaNaHCO3 type water with 3% each for both seasons. Gibbs plot suggests that most of the samples are rock dominant type and suggests that the water-rock interaction during the process of percolation water with high evaporation conditions. Principal component Analyses (PCA) suggest that the same factors contribute to an increase in F− and NO3− concentrations in groundwater. Hazard quotient (HQ) via ingestion (HQING) and dermal contact (HQDER) of F− and NO3− experiences higher values than the threshold limit of 1.0 for various age groups, affecting human health due to non-carcinogenic effect, and immediately requires a suitable effective measure should be implemented in the area to avoid further health hazard impact on the existing society and for an upcoming generation.
Iron Deficiency Anemia as a Potential Risk Factor for Poor Outcomes in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Abramowitz Binyamin R. , Saba Helena , Meier Rachel R. , Ahlawat Sushil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is associated with poor outcomes in many disease processes. There is a paucity of data on the impact of IDA on outcomes of acute pancreatitis (AP) hospitalizations. Our study sought to determine whether IDA is associated with poor outcomes in AP hospitalizations.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted utilizing the 2020 National Inpatient Sample database. Patients aged 18 and above who were hospitalized with AP were identified. Demographic and hospitalization data was collected and compared across patients with IDA and patients without IDA. Additionally, data on the rates of complications were also compared and analyzed.
Results:
A total of 83,154 patients hospitalized with AP were identified. 2,951 of them had a comorbid diagnosis of IDA while the other 80,203 patients were without an IDA diagnosis. IDA patients were more likely to have longer hospitalizations (6.3 vs 5.3 days, p=<0.001) and greater hospitalization costs ($72,254 vs $66,182, p=0.022). They were more likely to experience acute renal failure, deep vein thrombosis, pseudocysts, and pleural effusions.
Conclusions:
In the existing literature, studies report an association between general anemia and poor outcomes in AP. Additionally, high red cell distribution width, which can be seen in IDA, has also been reported to be associated with negative outcomes in AP. Our data clearly delineates an association specifically between IDA and worse outcomes in hospitalized IDA patients. The increase in hospitalization costs seen for IDA patients is likely a result of both the longer hospitalizations as well as the increased complication rates.
Effective Management of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study of Five Health Facilities
Authors: Antwi Sara Agyemang , Appiah Jemima Aggrey , Boateng Charles Kankam 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Hypertension remains a significant global health concern due to its high incidence and association with cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and other complications. This research aimed to determine the dynamics of blood pressure control over the course of disease management, focusing on the systolic and diastolic readings at baseline and at the time of the study and on the number of years of patient management and sex.
Methods
A retrospective study with a multicenter approach was used. The information of a total of 373 patients was collected and analyzed using Python and SPSS.
Results
Overall, 72.9% of the patients were female, and 27.1% were male. The mean age was 62.57 ± 0.635 years. A regression model was used to evaluate the associations between the number of years of hypertension management, systolic anddiastolic BP at first diagnosis and current systolic and diastolic BP at R-square, (13.2% and 29.2%, respectively; p<0.01). There was a significant reduction in the systolic BP before (M = 157.01 ± 28.159) compared to after (M =138.07 ± 19.591), t (372) = 12.959, p <0.001. Similarly, the results showed a significant reduction in the diastolic BP of the patients before (M = 91.85 ± 15.934) compared to after (M =85.19 ± 12.955), t (372) = 9.062, p <0.001. There was a greater systolic BP at first diagnosis in males than in females.
Conclusions
The number of years of hypertension management and BP at first diagnosis may be associated with the outcome of management. Appropriate treatment combinations involving two classes of antihypertensive drugs may encourage patient adherence and yield positive outcomes.
Spillover Effects of Built-Environment Vulnerability on Resilience of Businesses in Urban Crises
Authors: Hsu Chia-Wei , Liu Chia-Fu , Stearns Laura , Brody Sam , Mostafavi Ali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Exploring the intricate dynamics between the vulnerability of the built environment and the resilience of businesses is not only pivotal for equitable recovery resource allocation, especially among underprivileged populations but also remains a relatively unexplored area within the realm of urban resilience studies. This study uses fine-resolution human mobility and property-level flood damage claim data to uncover the rather unknown effects of built-environment vulnerability on the recovery of businesses and local economies. Using data from the 2017 Hurricane Harvey in Houston, Texas, we examine the extent of nearby residential flood damage on the differential recovery trajectories of essential businesses: grocery stores, gasoline stations, and healthcare retail stores, and physicians' offices. The analysis evaluates what types of businesses are more sensitive to residential flood damage and to what extent this sensitivity varies based on socio-demographic spectrum. The findings reveal the heterogeneity of sensitivity of businesses to residential property damage across business types. Certain businesses, such as grocery stores and offices of physicians, are more sensitive to nearby residential property damage. Also, the findings reveal that businesses located in low-income areas show a heightened sensitivity in the form of slowed recovering trajectories. The greater coupling of residential damage and business recovery in low-income areas creates a feedback mechanism that slows the overall recovery of those communities. The findings contribute to a better understanding, with implications for considering the ripple effect of built-environment vulnerability on economic resilience as a factor for evaluating urban crisis management strategies.
A novel approach for calculating prediction uncertainty when using acoustic indices and machine learning algorithms to monitor animal communities
Authors: Mammides Christos , Huang Guohualing , Sree Rachakonda , Ieronymidou Christina , Papadopoulos Harris 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

There is a growing interest in using passive acoustic monitoring methods to survey biodiversity. Many studies have investigated the efficacy of acoustic indices in monitoring animal communities, particularly bird species richness, with mixed results. It has been suggested that combining multiple acoustic indices could improve accuracy. To accomplish this, researchers have employed machine learning methods, such as the Random Forest Regression, which are considered more robust in this context. However, most machine learning methods have a limitation in that they do not provide well-calibrated uncertainty quantification measures for their predictions. Quantifying uncertainty with the use of appropriate prediction intervals is of paramount importance for making informed management decisions. In this study, we propose addressing this issue using a Machine Learning framework, called Conformal Prediction, which has been developed to provide guaranteed coverage prediction intervals. Specifically, we examine the application of a recently proposed combination of Conformal Prediction with Gaussian Process Regression using data collected through bird and acoustic surveys at biodiverse sites in Cyprus and Australia. Our goal is to demonstrate how the Conformal Prediction framework can be used to assess the models’ prediction accuracy and associated uncertainty when monitoring biodiversity using acoustic indices and machine learning methods. Moreover, we discuss how the framework can be integrated into a wider range of ecological applications to help make more informed conservation management decisions.
Platelet-Rich Plasma-A Safe and Cost-effective Dural Sealant in Spinal Surgeries-A Systematic Review
Authors: Aziz Hafiza Fatima , Yaqoob Uzair , Tariq Rabeet , Shamim Muhammad Shahzad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Incidental durotomy (ID) is a common complication of otherwise rewarding lumbar decompression surgeries. An effective water-tight closure of the dura can potentially avoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and its dreaded sequel. Several sealants, grafts, and patches are used; however, the cost constrains its utility in resource-limited settings. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been found effective in wound healing and adhesive properties and hence a potential adjunct for watertight closure of dura. This systematic review was conducted to highlight the existing literature on the utility of PRP in spinal procedures for the managing of CSF leaks.
Methods
The review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines. After a comprehensive database search through three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library), studies assessing the role of PRP in CSF leaks or for the water-tight closure of dura were included. The study descriptions, demographic details, methodology, and outcomes were assessed.
Results
A total of six studies were included. In vitro studies and animal trials demonstrated the efficacy of PRP in achieving watertight dural closure and prevention of CSF leaks when standard suturing techniques failed. PRP application in rat models have been shown to cause increased dura mater thickness and enhanced vascularity. Clinical cases revealed mixed outcomes, with some patients experiencing symptom relief and improved radiological findings after PRP interventions, while a minority faced recurrent symptoms.
Conclusion
PRP is a promising tool to achieve water-tight dural closure. Although the clinical evidence is limited at this juncture, its feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and safety profile make it suitable for initiating clinical trials to assess its optimal clinical application.