bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Free‐Radical and Addition Miniemulsion Polymerization: Effect of the Chain Transfer Agent on the Microstructure of Polyurethane‐Acrylic Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesives
Authors: Lopez Aitziber , Reyes Yuri , Degrandi‐Contraires Elise , Canetta Elisabetta , Creton Costantino , Keddie Joseph L. , Asua José M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe effects of the CTA concentration on polymerization kinetics, polymer microstructure, particle morphology, and adhesive performance of waterborne hybrid PSAs prepared by simultaneous free‐radical and addition miniemulsion polymerizations are studied. The development of the microstructure is shown to differ from waterborne acrylic PSAs obtained by free‐radical polymerization because of the contribution of the addition reaction, which in turn causes marked differences in the adhesive performance of the final films. A computer simulation is developed to obtain detailed information about the microstructure of PU/acrylic hybrids and to correlate the microstructure with the final adhesive properties.magnified image
Piezomorphic Materials
Authors: Alderson Andrew , Alderson Kim L. , McDonald Samuel A. , Mottershead Beth , Nazare Shonali , Withers Philip J. , Yao Yong T. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe development of stress‐induced morphing materials called piezomorphic materials is reported. The preparation of a piezomorphic material is achieved by introducing spatial dependency into the compliance matrix describing the elastic response of a material capable of undergoing large strain deformation. In other words, it is necessary to produce an elastic‐gradient material. This is achieved through modification of the microstructure of the compliant material to display gradient topology. Examples of polymeric (PU) foam and microporous polymer (ex‐PTFE) piezomorphic materials are presented. These materials open up new morphing applications where dramatic shape changes can be triggered by mechanical stress.magnified image
Tellurite enters Escherichia coli mainly through the PitA phosphate transporter
Authors: Elías Alex O. , Abarca María José , Montes Rebecca A. , Chasteen Thomas G. , Pérez‐Donoso José M. , Vásquez Claudio C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSeveral transporters suspected to be involved in tellurite uptake in Escherichia coli were analyzed. Results showed that the PitA phosphate transporter was related to tellurite uptake. Escherichia coli ΔpitA was approximately four‐fold more tolerant to tellurite, and cell viability remained almost unchanged during prolonged exposure to the toxicant as compared with wild type or ΔpitB cells. Notably, reduced thiols (toxicant targets) as well as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and fumarase C activities did not change when exposing the ΔpitA strain to tellurite, suggesting that tellurite‐triggered oxidative damage is attenuated in the absence of PitA. After toxicant exposure, remaining extracellular tellurite was higher in E. coli ΔpitA than in control cells. Whereas inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric studies confirmed that E. coli ΔpitA accumulates ~50% less tellurite than the other strains under study, tellurite strongly inhibited 32Pi uptake suggesting that the PitA transporter is one of the main responsible for tellurite uptake in this bacterium.
An enriched model of fiber‐reinforced thin flexible structures with inplane buckling capabilities
Authors: Le Tallec P. , Boussetta R. , Lignon E. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYFiber‐reinforced layers are very popular in industry but are prone to structural instabilities observed in various experimental and technological environments. Such situations combine global inplane buckling of the reinforcing fibers and local shearing or compression of the filling material. The purpose of the work is to develop an enriched macroscopic model able to treat both aspects through an adequate kinematic and energetic description of the different components and their coupling. It introduces, in addition to the filling material, a surface density of rods able to resist against inplane and outplane bending. A new finite element model is then developed at macroscopic level and validated in different asymptotic or postbuckling regimes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic control of networked control systems with packet dropout and time‐varying delay
Authors: Wang Yan 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper studies the stochastic stabilization problem for discrete‐time networked control systems with time delay and packet dropout. The message losses and time delay from the sensor to the controller and from the controller to the actuator are considered simultaneously. A two‐state Markov chain is used to model the correlated packet dropout process. By introducing free weighting matrices, the sufficient condition on the stochastic stability of such networked control system is obtained. An improved criterion is found by introducing the delay fractioning method and a new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. On the basis of the stability condition, the mode‐dependent controller is given in terms of linear matrix inequalities. A simulation example is given to show the proposed results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secondary bladder herniation in isolated gastroschisis justifies increased surveillance
Authors: Mousty E. , Chalouhi G. E. , Sabbagh A. El , Khen–Dunlop N. , Kuleva M. , Salomon L. J. , Ville Y. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the perinatal outcome of fetuses with gastroschisis complicated by secondary bladder herniation.Population and materialsThis was a retrospective study of all cases of isolated gastroschisis associated with bladder herniation managed at our institution. Prenatal ultrasound, obstetrical and perinatal information were collected. Pathology reports were also gathered.ResultsOut of 105 cases of gastroschisis managed at our institution, six (5.7%) were associated with secondary bladder herniation, two of them being diagnosed postnatally. Median gestational age at diagnosis of bladder herniation was 33.6 weeks (range 31–36) in five female and one male fetuses. Bladder herniation was associated with bowel dilatation in four cases (67%) and with pyelic dilatation in one case (17%). Despite increased surveillance, one male fetus died in utero. In four other cases, cesarean section was performed for fetal distress (three cases) or hyperechogenic bowels (one case). The five survivors had primary abdominal closure (n = 2) or staged repair (n = 3) with uneventful follow‐up.ConclusionBladder herniation was present in 6% of apparently isolated gastroschisis. There was one intrauterine fetal death and four other cases were delivered for fetal distress. Increased surveillance seems justified. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The neurological outcomes of surviving twins in severe twin–twin transfusion syndrome treated by fetoscopic laser photocoagulation at a newly established center
Authors: Chang Yao‐Lung , Chao An‐Shine , Chang Shuenn‐Dyh , Lien Reyin , Hsieh Peter C. C. , Wang Chao‐Nin 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence and predictive factors of poor neurological outcome in survivors of twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) treated with fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP).MethodsBrain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurodevelopmental assessment were performed at a corrected age of 1 year in survivors of TTTS treated by FLP. Severe neurological abnormality was defined as either the presence of severe clinical neurodevelopmental disability or severe anomalies, visualized on MRI of the brain.ResultIn a consecutive series of 46 cases treated by FLP, the total survival rate was 66.3%; survival of at least one was 80.4%. Severe neurodevelopment disability was 6.7 % (4/59) and the presence of a severe anomaly on brain imaging was 8.8% (5/57), which combined to a clinical or MRI abnormality rate of 10.5% (6/57). Univariate analysis revealed that early gestational age at delivery was the most significant predictor. However, the multiple logistic regression model did not identify any significant variables.ConclusionIn this small series, we determined a rate of clinical neurologic impairment rate at the age of 1 year of 6.7%, which compares to what has been published. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Year of Care: the key drivers and theoretical basis for a new approach in diabetes care
Authors: Doherty Yvonne , Eaton Simon , Turnbull Rachel , Oliver Lindsay , Roberts Sue , Ludbrook Sarah , Lewis‐Barned Nick 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe Year of Care initiative aims to transform the annual review into a collaborative care planning consultation based on a partnership approach. It has been piloted across three centres in England.This paper describes the key drivers that created the impetus for the development of the approach. The care planning model developed by Year of Care, ‘The House Model’, is presented and the process of the care planning consultation described. The theoretical underpinnings and supporting evidence are presented for each of these as well as the philosophical assumptions and values that underpin the programme. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
Integrating technology into adolescent care
Authors: Lamb WH 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGiven the enormous changes in physiology and neurobiology prevalent during adolescence, it is hardly surprising that this is also the time when metabolic control of diabetes is at its worst. Clinical teams are constantly looking for ways to improve diabetes control in youth and exploiting the perceived fascination of adolescents for new technology offers an attractive option. The management of type 1 diabetes has always been heavily influenced by new developments and this personal review, influenced by a long experience of working with adolescents, explores how some of the emerging technologies have been used in an attempt to influence diabetes control in this challenging age group. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons.
Use of drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease in France: a study on a national level based on the National Alzheimer's Data Bank (Banque Nationale Alzheimer)
Authors: Tifratene Karim , Duff Franck Le , Pradier Christian , Quetel Julien , Lafay Pierre , Schück Stéphane , Benzenine Eric , Quantin Catherine , Robert Philippe ,   the participating centres
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeTo examine the way in which specific drug treatments for Alzheimer's disease are used and whether their use complies with clinical practice guidelines issued by the French National Authority for Health in patients with Alzheimer's disease.MethodsWe analysed a cross‐section of the French National Alzheimer's databank (BNA). Participants were individuals who consulted centres contributing to the BNA in 2010 and diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and with at least one Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score recorded during the course of the year.ResultsOf 191 919 consultations recorded in the database, 29.9% involved a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, and 26 809 patients had completed at least one MMSE. In 76.9% of cases, treatment was given with an anti‐Alzheimer's drug. Monotherapy with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor was prescribed for 48.3% of patients, monotherapy with memantine in 14.2% and dual therapy in 14.4% of cases. Treatment given did not comply with the guidelines in 20.7% of cases. Prescriptions not complying with the guidelines were associated with a lower mean MMSE score (13.6 vs. 18.0; p < 0.00001) and more cases of treatment with antidepressants (29.2% vs. 22.8%; p < 0.00001), anxiolytics (14.7% vs. 12.3%; p < 0.00001) and antipsychotics (8.7% vs. 4.9%; p < 0.00001).ConclusionFour of five prescriptions for treatment with anti‐Alzheimer's drugs complied with the specific drug treatment chapter of the 2008 French clinical guidelines. Prescriptions not complying with the guidelines for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine were usually issued in situations involving advanced‐stage Alzheimer's disease. The BNA can provide precise information on medical practice in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of octene content on peroxide crosslinking of ethylene–octene copolymers
Authors: Svoboda Petr , Poongavalappil Sameepa , Theravalappil Rajesh , Svobodova Dagmar , Mokrejs Pavel 
Published: June 2012

AbstractVarious ethylene–octene copolymers were crosslinked by dicumyl peroxide. Octene content was 16, 20, 30, 35 and 38 wt% and melt flow index was 1 or 3 g/10 min. The concentration of dicumyl peroxide was 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 wt%. Crosslinking was analyzed by a rubber process analyzer in the temperature range 150–200 °C. Cross‐linkability was evaluated from the real part modulus s'max versus peroxide level plots as the slope of the line. With decreasing octene content and increasing melt flow index the crosslinkability increased. This was confirmed also by tan δ analysis. The network density was measured by the gel content. A higher gel content was found for melt flow index 3 and low octene content. The melting points Tm and the crystallinities were evaluated by DSC. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Functionalization and patterning of reactive polymer brushes based on surface reversible addition and fragmentation chain transfer polymerization
Authors: Choi Jiyeon , Schattling Philipp , Jochum Florian D. , Pyun Jeffrey , Char Kookheon , Theato Patrick 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe present the synthesis of reactive polymer brushes prepared by surface reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of pentafluorophenyl acrylate. The reactive ester moieties can be used to functionalize the polymer brush film with virtually any functionality by simple post‐polymerization modification with amines. Dithiobenzoic acid benzyl‐(4‐ethyltrimethoxylsilyl) ester was used as the surface chain transfer agent (S‐CTA) and the anchoring group onto the silicon substrates. Reactive polymer brushes with adjustable molecular weight, high grafting density, and conformal coverage through the grafting‐from approach were obtained. Subsequently, the reactive polymer brushes were converted with amino‐spiropyrans resulting in reversible light‐responsive polymer brush films. The wetting behavior could be altered by irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) or visible light. Furthermore, a patterned surface of polymer brushes was obtained using a lithography technique. UV irradiation of the S‐CTA‐modified substrates leads to a selective degradation of S‐CTA in the exposed areas and gives patterned activated polymer brushes after a subsequent RAFT polymerization step. Conversion of the patterned polymer brushes with 5‐((2‐aminoethyl)amino)naphthalene‐1‐sulfonic acid resulted in patterned fluorescent polymer brush films. The utilization of reactive polymer brushes offers an easy approach in the fabrication of highly functional brushes, even for functionalities whose introduction is limited by other strategies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Novel synthetic route for covalent coupling of biomolecules on super‐paramagnetic hybrid nanoparticles
Authors: Medina‐Castillo Antonio L. , Morales‐Sanfrutos Julia , Megia‐Fernandez Alicia , Fernandez‐Sanchez Jorge F. , Santoyo‐Gonzalez Francisco , Fernandez‐Gutierrez Alberto 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe immobilization of biomolecules on magnetic nanoparticles is an issue with high potential in different fields. We describe herein a new strategy to immobilize biomolecules on super‐paramagnetic nanoparticles based on the reactivity of vinyl sulfone groups with naturally occurring functional groups present in biomolecules (amine and thiol). A new monomer containing a polymerizable methacryloyl group and a secondary amine group was synthesized and used to prepare super‐paramagnetic hybrid nanoparticles (SP‐HNPs) by two‐step miniemulsion polymerization. The Michael addition reaction of divinyl sulfone (DVS) to the secondary amine groups localized on the nanoparticles surface allows the introduction of the vinyl sulfone function in the SP‐HNPs (SP‐HNPs‐VS). The morphology of the functionalized SP‐HNPs was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), dynamic light scattering, and magnetic susceptibility. The capacity of SP‐HNPs‐VS for the immobilization of biomolecules was evaluated with three model proteins: avidin, invertase, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The model proteins were successfully immobilized in mild aqueous conditions compatible with the biological nature of the enzymes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Peptidic molecular brushes with enhanced chirality
Authors: Li Wen , Zhang Xiuqiang , Wang Jue , Qiao Xiao , Liu Kun , Zhang Afang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTethering oligopeptides through one end densely packed onto a linear polymer main chain will greatly reduce freedom of the peptide chains, which affords an easy access to investigate the secondary structure of peptides under constrained condition. Herein, molecular brushes with densely grafted monodispersed Cbz‐protected oligolysine were efficiently synthesized via free radical polymerization of the macromonomer‐bearing lysine octamer, and the secondary structures of the oligopeptide side chains in solutions were investigated. To examine the architecture effects on helical conformation, circular dichroism spectra from the polymer were compared with that from the corresponding macromonomer. To check the chemical structural effects on conformation of the oligopeptide, Cbz groups from the molecular brushes were deprotected, and the secondary structures of the polymers were compared before and after the deprotection. Conformation of the deprotected polymer was further explored by varying solution pH values. Complexation of the positively charged, deprotected polymer with anionic surfactant provides an alternative route to mediate the secondary structures of the short peptides in the constrained environment. It has been found that oligolysine side chains within the molecular brushes can adopt enhanced α‐helical conformation through the crowding structures or can form β‐sheet by hydrophobic interactions between the complexed surfactants. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Circulating fibroblast‐like cells in men with metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Jones Michelle L. , Siddiqui Javed , Pienta Kenneth J. , Getzenberg Robert H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDMetastatic prostate cancer is an incurable disease. During the development of this disease, prostate cancer cells enter the bloodstream as single cells or clusters of cells. Prostate fibroblasts, a cancer‐promoting cell type in the prostate cancer microenvironment, could in theory incorporate into these migrating cell clusters or follow cancer cells into the bloodstream through holes in the tumor vasculature. Based on this idea, we hypothesized that fibroblast‐like cells, defined here as cytokeratin 8/18/19−/DAPI+/CD45−/vimentin+ cells, are present in the blood of men with metastatic prostate cancer.METHODSVeridex's CellSearch® system was used to immunomagnetically capture EpCAM+ cells and clusters of cells heterogeneous for EpCAM expression from the blood of men with metastatic prostate cancer, localized cancer, and no known cancer, and immunostain them for the presence of cytokeratins 8/18/19, a nucleus, CD45, and vimentin. Fibroblast‐like cells were then quantified.RESULTSFibroblast‐like cells were present in 58.3% of men with metastatic prostate cancer but not in any men with localized prostate cancer or no known cancer. The presence of these cells correlated with certain known indicators of poor prognosis: ≥5 circulating tumor cells, defined here as cytokeratin 8/18/19+/DAPI+/CD45− cells, per 7.5 ml of blood, and a relatively high serum prostate‐specific antigen level of ≥20 ng/ml.CONCLUSIONSThe presence of fibroblast‐like cells in the blood may provide prognostic information as well as information about the biology of metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate 73: 176–181, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anonymous Aliens? Questions of Identification in the Detention and Deportation of Failed Asylum Seekers
Authors: Griffiths Melanie 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTImmigration detention and deportation are central tenets of the British government's immigration strategy. Although in theory immigration detainees face imminent deportation, in practice many obstacles frustrate removal, prolonging the limbo of detention. Drawing on two years' anthropological research with failed asylum seekers in one such Immigration Removal Centre, I argue that the concepts of identity and identification are useful in understanding these situations of impasse. Many detainees struggle to meet official expectations and requirements regarding the nature of identities and how they can be proved. They frequently have no identity documents (or those they have are considered false), come from countries with minimal registration systems, or are generally assumed to be lying. Many also have their identities ‘disproved’ by UK Border Agency caseworkers as part of having their asylum claims refused. The combination results in some individuals lacking a bureaucratically recognised identity or alternatively being saddled with multiple identities. This hinders their removal as a ‘genuine’ identity must be re‐established in order for the embassies to issue travel documents. I examine what happens when people fall between having one identity disputed and another officially confirmed, arguing that when stuck in this way people become vulnerable to criminalisation and exceptional treatment such as indefinite incarceration. My premise is that as identity databases and verification techniques infiltrate British society, from high‐level security debates to daily banality, those people beyond identification techniques become increasingly bureaucratically problematic, making them simultaneously threatening to and vulnerable to state apparatus. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of localization and observation averaging for convective‐scale data assimilation in a simple stochastic model
Authors: Craig George C. , Würsch Michael 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA simple stochastic model, based on a Poisson birth–death process, is proposed as a test bed for convective‐scale data assimilation methods. The simple model mimics the extreme nonlinearity and non‐Gaussianity associated with rapidly developing and intermittent convective storms. In this framework, we evaluate the Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (ETKF) and Sequential Importance Resampling (SIR) filter, and assess the impact of two strategies to improve their performance and efficiency: localization and observation averaging. In their basic implementations, both filters perform poorly. The SIR filter rapidly collapses, then very gradually converges to the observations as random perturbations introduced by resampling occasionally improve the analysis. The ETKF rapidly assimilates the correct locations of convective storms, but has large errors due to creation of spurious clouds by nonlinear amplification of small data assimilation increments. Localization, i.e. assimilating only local observations to produce the analysis at a given grid point, dramatically improves the performance of the SIR filter, but does not reduce errors in the ETKF. Observation averaging, i.e. spatially smoothing the observations before assimilation and thus making the distribution more Gaussian, is also effective for the SIR filter, and improves convergence of the ETKF. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society