bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uterine artery Doppler and adverse pregnancy outcome in women with extreme levels of fetoplacental proteins used for Down syndrome screening
Authors: Filippi E. , Staughton J. , Peregrine E. , Jones P. , Huttly W. , Peebles D. M. , Pandya P. , David A. L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the use of second‐trimester uterine artery (UtA) Doppler to predict adverse pregnancy outcome in women with extreme levels of fetoplacental proteins used for Down syndrome screening.MethodsAt a single institution, women screened for Down syndrome were offered second‐trimester UtA Doppler examination if they had one of the following on analysis of maternal serum: pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A ≤ 0.28 multiples of the median (MoM) (1% of screened population), inhibin ≥ 3.0 MoM (2%), human chorionic gonadotropin ≥ 4.0 MoM (2%), alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) ≥ 2.5 MoM (2%), estriol ≤ 0.5 MoM (1%). Abnormal UtA Doppler was defined as bilateral or unilateral notching or mean pulsatility index ≥ 1.45.ResultsOf 240 women studied, 92 (38.3%) had an adverse pregnancy outcome: small for gestational age (either < 10th customized centile (SGA10) or < 5th customized centile (SGA5)), low birth weight (LBW, < 2.5 kg), preterm delivery (< 37 + 0 weeks of gestation), fetal loss (late miscarriage or stillbirth), placental abruption and gestational hypertension. Of 167 women screened with all five hormones, those with two or more extreme levels (n = 18, 10.8%) were significantly at risk of adverse pregnancy outcome compared with those with only one marker (61.1% vs. 35.6%, P = 0.04). UtA Doppler was abnormal in 20% (32 of 159 women screened) and increased the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome (RR 2.5, 65.6% vs. 26.0%, P < 0.001). SGA10, SGA5 and LBW were significantly more common in women with abnormal UtA Doppler (RR 2.98, 56.2% vs. 18.9%, P < 0.001, RR 4.6, 43.7% vs. 9.4%, P < 0.001 and RR 4.4, 31.2% vs. 7.1%, P < 0.001, respectively). Women with normal Doppler examination still had a 26% risk of adverse pregnancy outcome.ConclusionsIn women with extreme levels of feto‐placental proteins used for Down syndrome screening, an abnormal second‐trimester UtA Doppler examination confers a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcome and SGA in particular, but a normal examination does not rule out an adverse pregnancy outcome. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does the individualized reference outperform a simple ultrasound‐based reference applied to birth weight in predicting child neurodevelopment?
Authors: Neta G. , Grewal J. , Mikolajczyk R. , Klebanoff M. , Zhang J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectivesBeing small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) is associated with an increased risk of morbidity, but questions remain about how best to diagnose SGA, and thus, predict poor health consequences. The authors sought to compare an individualized reference for defining SGA with simple birth weight‐based and ultrasound‐based references applied to birth weight in predicting poor cognitive development at age five.MethodsThe authors used data from the Successive SGA Births Study, a prospective study including 699 Alabaman and 618 Scandinavian women recruited from 1986 to 1988, and whose children had cognitive development scores measured at age five using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence—Revised Intelligence Quotient. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were estimated for each reference applied to birth weight using adverse cognitive development (score < 10th percentile) as the outcome. Relative risk of poor neurodevelopment was calculated, comparing infants classified as SGA by either the individualized or the simple ultrasound‐based reference with infants not classified as SGA.ResultsThe individualized reference had higher specificity and PPV in predicting poor neurodevelopment. Neonates defined as SGA by the individualized reference alone had a higher risk (RR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.20, 4.00) of poor cognitive outcome, while those identified by the ultrasound‐based reference alone did not (RR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.45, 2.01). None of the references could predict poor neurodevelopment well at age five.ConclusionsThe individualized birth weight reference modestly outperforms the simple ultrasound‐based reference in identifying SGA infants with poor child neurodevelopment. However, neither reference can predict child neurodevelopment well. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verschleißschutz für hochbelastete Umformwerkzeuge
Authors: Voss Eckart , Burger Hans 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDas Beschichten von hochbelasteten Umformwerkzeugen mittels PVD‐ oder CVD‐Technik ist heutzutage Standard für viele Anwendungen in der Serienfertigung von metallischen Massivoder Blechteilen.Dieser Artikel gibt dazu eine Einführung sowie einige typische Anwendungsbeispiele, um den Stand der Technik zu demonstrieren.
Modifizierung unpolarer Polymeroberflächen
Authors: Bellmann Cornelia , Albrecht Victoria , Roth Jan , Cremers John , Pleul Dieter , Grundke Karina 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn zahlreichen wirtschaftlich bedeutenden Technologiebereichen ist die Haftung von Verbundsystemen von zentraler Bedeutung. Das betrifft zum Beispiel die Lackierungen von Oberflächen und die Verbundherstellung. Besondere Probleme bereiten bei der Verbundbildung Polyolefine, Silikone und Fluorpolymere auf Grund ihrer sehr geringen Oberflächenenergie. Die Modifizierung solcher Polymeroberflächen mit dem Ziel einer chemischen Funktionalisierung und damit der Erhöhung der Oberflächenenergie kann zu einer Verbesserung der Adhäsionseigenschaften der Materialien führen. Ein gut eingeführtes Verfahren, vor allem in der Automobilindustrie, ist das Beflammen der Oberflächen. Jedoch ist eine definierte chemische Änderung der Oberfläche von sehr vielen Einflussparametern abhängig und somit sehr schwer zu standardisieren. Eine definierte Änderung der Oberfläche kann besser durch eine gezielte Plasmabehandlung erreicht werden, wobei hier die Oberfläche durch einen anschließenden nasschemischen Prozessschritt stabilisiert wurde.
Hartstoffschichten der Zukunft
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Bagcivan Nazlim , Ewering Mara 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Schichtsystem (Ti,Al)γ‐Al2O3 in Vergleich zum weit verbreitetem Schichtsystem (Ti,Al)N in tribologischen Untersuchungen deutlich besser abschneidet. Vor allem die Adhäsion von Gegenkörpermaterial 1.4301 kann deutlich reduziert werden. Des Weiteren wurde die vielversprechende HPPMS‐Technologie zur Abscheidung nitridischer Hartstoffschichten vorgestellt. In Bezug auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften weist das HPPMS/DC‐Schichtsystem deutliche Vorteile auf. Zur Ermittlung der Phasen‐ und Oxidationsstabilität der Schicht sind Glühversuche in Vakuum und Atmosphäre geplant.
The Effects of Various Sources and Templates on the Microwave‐assisted Synthesis of BZSM‐5 Zeolite
Authors: Abrishamkar Maryam , Azizi Seyed Nasser , Kazemian Hossein 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIsomorphic substitution of boron into ZSM‐5 zeolite under microwave‐assisted hydrothermal conditions was systematically studied. When microwave treatment and conventional heating were used, BZSM‐5 zeolite could be obtained within one day, whereas the synthesis of BZSM‐5 under conventional hydrothermal conditions took five days at 180 °C. Various parameters that affect the crystallization of BZSM‐5, such as templates, crystallization time, the silicon source and the Si/B ratio were investigated. Systematic variations of these parameters revealed that this zeolite can be obtained from the reaction mixture with optimized ratios of Si/B > 0.6. Among various tested sources, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) turned out to be the best source for synthesis of borosilicate zeolite and further investigations were done with TEOS as silicon source. The obtained products were characterized by XRD, SEM, and IR spectroscopic techniques.
Two Novel Isostructural 3D Ln–Sr (Ln = Eu; Gd) Coordination Polymers Based on Oxalate Ligands with Unusual Topology: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Luminescence
Authors: Zhu Zhi‐Bo , Cai Yu‐Chun , Lu Xin‐Wei , Zeller Matthias 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe self‐assembly of oxalic acid with metal salts under hydrothermal conditions gave two isostructural 3D lanthanide alkaline earth heterometallic coordination polymers, [Ln2Sr(OX)4(H2O)6·3H2O]n [Ln = Eu (1), Gd (2); OX = oxalate]. Compounds 1 and 2 are 3D coordination frameworks built from 2D lanthanide carboxylate layers and SrO9 units by sharing OX ligands with the unusual 2,5‐connected (16)3(84.122.164)2(8)4 net. Furthermore, the luminescent property of complex 1 was investigated.
Conflicting duties over confidentiality in Argentina and Peru
Authors: Cavallo Mercedes 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe medical duty of confidentiality represents a key element for the provision of reproductive and sexual health services. In some Latin American countries, such as Argentina and Peru, the legal systems impose—or are interpreted as imposing—on health professionals the duty of confidentiality, but also the duty to report the commission of a public order offense that they know about owing to the practicing of their profession. In these countries, the conflicting duties and the criminalization of abortion cause severe public health and human rights problems when health professionals assist their patients for post‐abortion treatment. Typically, patients are deterred from seeking prompt medical care, and their privacy, autonomy, and dignity are violated. A 2010 ruling from the Supreme Court of Argentina and a 2004 ruling from the Inter‐American Court of Human Rights emerge as important instruments that grant a more adequate protection of medical confidentiality.
The “Sprinter effect”: When self‐control and involvement stand in the way of sequential performance
Authors: Ein‐Gar Danit , Steinhart Yael 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis research examines the joint effect of dispositional self‐control and situational involvement on performance in two successive resource‐demanding tasks. We demonstrate that being highly involved and having high self‐control facilitates high performance in the first task but, contrary to intuition, may jeopardize performance in a second, unexpected task. We term this the “sprinter effect” and demonstrate it in both lab and field settings. We further explore how a “marathon” mindset can debias this effect.
Quantitative estimates of temperature and precipitation changes over the last millennium from pollen and lake-level data at Lake Joux, Swiss Jura Mountains
Authors: Magny Michel , Peyron Odile , Gauthier Emilie , Vannière Boris , Millet Laurent , Vermot-Desroches Bruno 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper presents quantitative climate estimates for the last millennium, using a multi-proxy approach with pollen and lake-level data from Lake Joux (Swiss Jura Mountains). The climate reconstruction, based on the Modern Analogue Technique, indicates warmer and drier conditions during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP). MWP was preceded by a short-lived cold humid event around AD 1060, and followed by a rapid return around AD 1400 to cooler and wetter conditions which generally characterize the Little Ice Age (LIA). Around AD 1450 (solar Spörer minimum), the LIA attained a temperature minimum and a summer precipitation maximum. The solar Maunder minimum around AD 1690 corresponded at Joux to rather mild temperatures but maximal annual precipitation. These results generally agree with other records from neighbouring Alpine regions. However, there are differences in the timing of the LIA temperature minimum depending on the proxy and/or the method used for the reconstruction. As a working hypothesis, the hydrological signal associated with the MWP and LIA oscillations at Lake Joux may have been mainly driven by a shift around AD 1400 from positive to negative NAO modes in response to variations in solar irradiance possibly coupled with changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.
Body composition predicted with a Bayesian network from simple variables
Authors: Mioche Laurence , Bidot Caroline , Denis Jean-Baptiste 
Published: December 2010

The relative contributions of fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) to body weight are key indicators for several major public health issues. Predictive models could offer new insights into body composition analysis. A non-parametric equation derived from a probabilistic Bayesian network (BN) was established by including sex, age, body weight and height. We hypothesised that it would be possible to assess the body composition of any subject from easily accessible covariables by selecting an adjusted FFM value within a reference dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement database (1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES),n10 402). FM was directly calculated as body weight minus FFM. A French DXA database (n1140) was used (1) to adjust the model parameters (n380) and (2) to cross-validate the model responses (n760). French subjects were significantly different from American NHANES subjects with respect to age, weight and FM. Despite this different population context, BN prediction was highly reliable. Correlations between BN predictions and DXA measurements were significant for FFM (R20·94,P < 0·001, standard error of prediction (SEP) 2·82 kg) and the percentage of FM (FM%) (R20·81,P < 0·001, SEP 3·73 %). Two previously published linear models were applied to the subjects of the French database and compared with BN predictions. BN predictions were more accurate for both FFM and FM than those obtained from linear models. In addition, BN prediction generated stochastic variability in the FM% expressed in terms of BMI. The use of such predictions in large populations could be of interest for many public health issues.
Modulatory effects of garlic, ginger, turmeric and their mixture on hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin–nicotinamide diabetic rats
Authors: Madkor Hafez R. , Mansour Sherif W. , Ramadan Gamal 
Published: December 2010

Spices which show hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic and antioxidant activities may have a role in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. The present study aimed to compare the modulatory effects of garlic, ginger, turmeric and their mixture on the metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)–nicotinamide diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in overnight fasted rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg body weight) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kg body weight, 15 min before STZ injection). Diabetic rats orally received either distilled water (as vehicle) or 200 mg/kg body weight of garlic bulb, ginger rhizome or turmeric rhizome powder suspension separately or mixed together (GGT mixture) for twenty-eight consecutive days. The results showed that these spices and their mixture significantly alleviated (80–97 %,P < 0·05–0·001) signs of the metabolic syndrome (hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia), the elevation in atherogenic indices and cellular toxicity in STZ–nicotinamide diabetic rats by increasing the production of insulin (26–37 %), enhancing the antioxidant defence system (31–52 %, especially GSH) and decreasing lipid peroxidation (60–97 %). The greatest modulation was seen in diabetic rats that received garlic and the GGT mixture (10–23 % more than that in the ginger and turmeric groups). In conclusion, garlic or the mix including garlic appears to have an impact on each of the measures more effectively than ginger and turmeric and may have a role in alleviating the risks of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular complications.
Prospective risk factors for new-onset post-traumatic stress disorder in National Guard soldiers deployed to Iraq
Authors: Polusny M. A. , Erbes C. R. , Murdoch M. , Arbisi P. A. , Thuras P. , Rath M. B. 
Published: December 2010

BackgroundNational Guard troops are at increased risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, little is known about risk and resilience in this population.MethodThe Readiness and Resilience in National Guard Soldiers Study is a prospective, longitudinal investigation of 522 Army National Guard troops deployed to Iraq from March 2006 to July 2007. Participants completed measures of PTSD symptoms and potential risk/protective factors 1 month before deployment. Of these, 81% (n=424) completed measures of PTSD, deployment stressor exposure and post-deployment outcomes 2–3 months after returning from Iraq. New onset of probable PTSD ‘diagnosis’ was measured by the PTSD Checklist – Military (PCL-M). Independent predictors of new-onset probable PTSD were identified using hierarchical logistic regression analyses.ResultsAt baseline prior to deployment, 3.7% had probable PTSD. Among soldiers without PTSD symptoms at baseline, 13.8% reported post-deployment new-onset probable PTSD. Hierarchical logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, race/ethnicity and military rank showed that reporting more stressors prior to deployment predicted new-onset probable PTSD [odds ratio (OR) 2.20] as did feeling less prepared for deployment (OR 0.58). After accounting for pre-deployment factors, new-onset probable PTSD was predicted by exposure to combat (OR 2.19) and to combat's aftermath (OR 1.62). Reporting more stressful life events after deployment (OR 1.96) was associated with increased odds of new-onset probable PTSD, while post-deployment social support (OR 0.31) was a significant protective factor in the etiology of PTSD.ConclusionsCombat exposure may be unavoidable in military service members, but other vulnerability and protective factors also predict PTSD and could be targets for prevention strategies.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism (Glu298Asp) and acute pulmonary hypertension post cardiopulmonary bypass in children with congenital cardiac diseases
Authors: Loukanov Tsvetomir , Hoss Katharina , Tonchev Pentcho , Klimpel Homa , Arnold Raul , Sebening Christian , Karck Matthias , Gorenflo Matthias 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundIntra-cardiac repair of congenital cardiac diseases in children with left–right shunt is often associated with acute elevation of pulmonary artery pressure following cardiopulmonary bypass. We studied the correlation between the Glu298Asp polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene and pulmonary hypertension in children with congenital cardiac diseases.Methods and resultsA total of 80 children with congenital cardiac diseases at a median age of 3.8 years, ranged 0.1–36.2 years, and 136 controls were enrolled. Most patients presented with significant left-to-right shunt – pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow of 2.8, with a range from 0.6 to 7.5. In all, 40 out of 80 children showed pulmonary hypertension with mean pressure of 42, ranged 26–82, millimetres of mercury. Thirty-one out of 40 children underwent intra-cardiac repair and 15 out of 31 operated patients were found to have an acute elevation of pulmonary artery pressure after cardiopulmonary bypass. The Glu298Asp polymorphism was identified using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Both in patients and in controls, the genotype distribution corresponded to the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The gene frequency for Glu298Glu, Glu298Asp and Asp298Asp was not different in the control group compared to the patients (Armitage trend test: p = 0.37). The endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphism was related to acute post-operative elevation of pulmonary artery pressure (genotypic frequency 53.3 versus 25%; Armitage trend test: p = 0.038). In addition, the allelic frequency of the Glu298Asp was related to post-operative pulmonary hypertension (Fischer’s exact test: p = 0.048). The positive predictive value was 71.43%.ConclusionPatients with left-to-right shunt are more likely to develop acute elevation of pulmonary artery pressure after cardiopulmonary bypass when presenting with the Glu298Asp polymorphism of the gene endothelial nitric oxide synthase. This could be used as a genetic marker for the predisposition for the development of pulmonary hypertension after intra-cardiac repair.
Application of Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System to remove NO and cytokines in severe liver failure patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Authors: Guo Li‐Min , Liu Jing‐Yuan , Xu Dao‐Zhen , Li Bao‐Shun , Han Hao , Wang Ling‐Hang , Zhang Wei‐Yan , Lu Lian‐He , Guo Xia , Sun Feng‐Xia , Zhang Hong‐Yu , Liu Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Jian‐Ping , Yao Yun , He Zhong‐Ping , Wang Min‐Min 
Published: December 2010

Abstract:Background: Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS) is a new promising artificial liver support therapy, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of MARS to remove nitrous oxide (NO) and cytokines in severe liver failure patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).Methods: Sixty single MARS treatments were performed with length of 6–24 h on 24 severe liver failure patients (18 males/6 females) with MODS.Results: The MARS therapy was associated with a significant removal of NO and certain cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8, and INF‐γ, together with marked reduction of other non‐water‐soluble albumin bound toxins and water‐soluble toxins, these were associated with a improvement of the patients' clinical conditions including hepatic encephalopathy, deranged hemodynamic situation and as well as renal and respiratory function, thus resulted into marked decrease of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and improved outcome: nine patients were able to be discharged from the hospital or bridged to successful liver transplantation, the overall survival of 24 patients was 37.5%.Conclusion: We can confirm the positive therapeutic impact and safety to use MARS on liver failure patients with MODS associated with elevated levels of NO and cytokines.
Regeneration of the Vascular System
Authors: Schleicher M. , Huber A. J. , Wendel H. P. , Stock U. A. 
Published: December 2010

Tissue engineering of blood vessels is an evolving research field. Driven by the shortcomings of the currently available blood vessel substitutes such as need for anticoagulation, susceptibility to infections, inability to grow and autorepair a multidisciplinary approach to design and grow viable blood vessels, identical to the native arteries or veins has started.
The following chapters will give an update of the recent developments, potential future applications and current limitations of tissue engineered blood vessels.
Homing of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Henschler Reinhard , Deak Erika , Schäfer Richard 
Published: December 2010

Over the last years, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs), also termed Mesenchymal Stem Cells have been studied in a still increasing number of tissue regenerative processes and as potential new treatment options for a substantial number of medical indications. In addition to the local application of MSCs which has been primarily studied e.g. in bone regeneration, cartilage replacement, as well as soft tissue and ligament repair, MSCs have been proposed in several further diseases as systemic or local intravascular applied cellular therapeutic, e.g. in a stress condition, to suppress or modulate immune reactions or to spur blood cells regeneration after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
This has created new interest and research activities on how MSCs, which grow in tissue culture as adherent fibroblasts, will behave when injected into the blood stream. Specific questions which have been raised include (a) the adhesion molecules which MSCs may use to co-ordinately interact with the vessel wall, (b) whether MSCs can follow tissue specific homing stimuli in a similar or analogous way as leukocytes, or (c) whether the intravenously (i.v.) transplanted MSCs will rather be eliminated e.g. by phagocytosis before or instead of entering into tissues. This chapter therefore wishes to highlight important fact of the current status on knowledge in this area.