bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
a-Si:H Electrolyte-Gate Thin Film Devices for Biological Applications
Authors: Goncalves Dina , Prazeres Duarte M.F. , Chu Virginia , Conde Joao P. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the use of a-Si:H electrolyte-gate thin film transistors (EG-TFTs) for the pH sensing and the detection of DNA and proteins (horseradish peroxidase, HRP). The sensing layer used was SiNx or SiO2. The devices show linear sensitivity to pH above the point of zero charge and respond to the adsorption of oligonuleotides and HRP with typical Langmuir adsorption behavior. DNA immobilization and hybridization detection is demonstrated. Surface control and reproducibility issues are addressed by the measurement of surface contact angles.
Elastic Interconnects for Stretchable Electronic Circuits using MID (Moulded Interconnect Device) Technology
Authors: Brosteaux Dominique , Axisa Fabrice , Vanfleteren Jan , Carchon Nadine , Gonzalez Mario 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTAn MID (Moulded Interconnect Device) technology was developed for the production of elastic electronic interconnections. The stretchability is obtained using tortuous horseshoe shaped metallic wiring, embedded in a matrix of PDMS (poly dimethyl siloxane). In this way stretchable interconnects have been realized, consisting of 4 micron thick gold wires, embedded in 250 − 500 μm thick silicone material. . Stretchable interconnections, realised with this technology, have a maximum stretchability above 100%, with a stable resistivity of about 1.5 Ω per running cm for a track width of 100μm. A first simple operating stretchable electronic circuit has been fabricated, consisting of a blue LED driven by stretchable wiring. The technology is under development for use in biomedical applications in the first place, but has potential to be extended for various other applications like smart textiles, robotic skins, etc.
Mechanistic Studies of Hydrogen Release from Solid Amine Borane Materials
Authors: Bowden Mark , Kemmitt Tim , Shaw Wendy , Hess Nancy , Linehan John , Gutowski Maciej , Schmid Benjamin , Autrey Tom 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTAmmonia borane (NH3BH3) is a molecular solid with a high volumetric and gravimetric density of hydrogen. We report room temperature structural data which shows how the freely rotating NH3 and BH3 groups allow a N-H…H-B dihydrogen bond in which hydrogen atoms on adjacent molecules are separated by only 1.90Å. The initial decomposition of ammonia borane at 80-100°C into (NH2BH2)n and H2 has been studied by in-situ nmr spectroscopy and kinetic studies using isotopic substitution. The reaction proceeds by a bimolecular pathway involving a [NH3BH2NH3]+BH4− intermediate with an activation energy of 136kJmol−1.
Quantitative Structure-Uptake Relationship of Metal-Organic Frameworks as Hydrogen Storage Material
Authors: Kim Daejin , Lee Tae Bum , Choi Seung-Hoon , Choi Sang Beom , Yoon Jihye , Kim Jaheon 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWe reported the relationship between the structure of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and the capability of hydrogen uptake. The QSPR (quantitative structure-property relationship) method was used to find out the factor which affects the adsorption amount of hydrogen molecule on the MOFs. The derivatives which were substituted by functionalized aromatic rings showed the effect of polarization within the identical topology of the frame and similar lattice constants. And the typical series of MOFs with different topology of the frames were investigated to examine the influence of topological change. For the consideration of saturation of hydrogen adsorption amounts, the result of fitting the adsorption curve with Langmuir-Freundlich equation was used to the QSPR approach additionally. We found out that the polar surface area plays a key role on the adsorption amount of hydrogen molecule into the MOFs and the specific value of electrostatic potential surface was calculated to indicate the interaction between hydrogen molecule and MOF.
Hydrogen Storage in Novel Carbon-Based Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Whitney Erin S. , Curtis Calvin J. , Engtrakul Chaiwat , Davis Mark F. , Su Tining , Parilla Philip A. , Simpson Lin J. , Blackburn Jeffry L. , Zhao Yufeng , Kim Yong-Hyun , Zhang Shengbai B. , Heben Michael J. , Dillon Anne C. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTExperimental wet chemical approaches to complex an iron atom with two C60 fullerenes, representing a new molecule, dubbed a “bucky dumbbell,” have been demonstrated. The structure of this molecule has been determined by 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Furthermore, this structure has been shown to have unique binding sites for dihydrogen molecules with the technique of temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The new adsorption sites have binding energies that are stronger than that observed for hydrogen physisorbed on planar graphite, but significantly weaker than a chemical C-H bond. Further development of these molecules could make them ideal candidates for onboard vehicular hydrogen storage.
Recent Progresses on Complex- and Perovskite-Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Orimo Shin-ichi , NAKAMORI Yuko , Ikeda Kazutaka , Li Hai-Wen 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTRecent progresses on two series of light-element hydrides are briefly explained from the viewpoint of 1) prevention/suppression of gas-phase ammonia from mixtures of Mg(NH2)2 and LiH, and also 2) occurrences of reversible dehydriding and rehydriding reactions in NaMgH3.
Boron Doping Effects on the Electro-optical Properties of Zinc Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Process
Authors: Steinhauser Jerome , Faÿ Sylvie , Schlüchter Romain , Myong Seung Yeop , Vallat Evelyne , Ballif Christophe 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTBoron-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) films deposited by Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD) technique are used as Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) to contact thin-film silicon solar cells. In this paper, the effect of boron introduced as dopant during ZnO formation is studied. These films are highly transparent in the visible range, whereas in the near infrared region their transmittance decreases with the increase of boron content due to free carrier absorption (FCA). A shifting of the fondamental band gap is also observed. The resistivity decreases of about one order of magnitude with the increase of the doping ratio ([B2H6]/[DEZ]) from 0 to 2. This resistivity drop is mainly due to an increase of the free carrier concentration. In low doped samples, Hall mobility increases with grain size, whereas it shows no grain size dependence in highly doped layers. This suggest that the scattering by grain-boundary is the main limiting factor for transport in low doped ZnO samples, whereas in highly doped ZnO films transport is controlled by the ionized impurity scattering within the grains.
Adsorption of Methane on the (100) Surface of MgO: Insight into Surface-Adsorbate and Adsorbate-Adsorbate Interactions from First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Drummond Michael L , Sumpter Bobby G , Shelton William A , Larese John Z 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTFirst principles calculations using density functional theory (DFT) are reported for two layers of methane adsorbed on the (100) surface of MgO. The lowest energy structure determined has a first layer with C2v methanes adsorbed above magnesium atoms, with hydrogen atoms pointed towards neighboring oxygen atoms, and a rotation of 90° in between each neighboring methane. The second layer methane layer has a similar structure, except the hydrogen atoms are directed towards nearest neighbor magnesium atoms. It is found that the structure of the first layer has a large effect on the relative energies of proposed bilayer structures, as does the calculated separation between the two layers of methane. Competing roles of surface-adsorbate and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions are also discussed.
Effects of Sputtering Power and Annealing Temperature on the Properties of Sc-doped ZnO Thin Films
Authors: Shiao Ming Hua , Jaing Cheng-Chung , Huang Yu-Jia , Su Chien-Ying , Lu Chih-Jung 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTSc-doped ZnO thin films were deposited on Corning 1737 glasses by using RF magnetron co-sputtering system with Sc2O3 and ZnO targets. Different sputtering powers of Sc2O3 target and post annealing of 550°C for 2 hr were investigated to understand the effect on microstructural, optical and electrical properties of Sc-doped ZnO thin films. From X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, the Sc-doped films have (002) preferred orientation. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that the Sc-doped ZnO thin films have columnar structure before and after annealing procedure. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) surface measurement also shows that the surface roughness of the films was smoother when the Sc2O3 sputtering power increased. The optical transmission of as deposited Sc-doped films in the visible region all exceeded 80%, and increased about 3% after samples annealed. Electrical resistivity measurement reveals that the as-deposited Sc-doped ZnO thin films had lowest resistivity of 0.97 Ω cm when the Sc2O3 sputtering power was 125W. After annealing the lowest resistivity decreased to 9.85 × 10−2 Ω cm in which 200W of the Sc2O3 sputtering power was applied.
Orientation Dependence of Strontium-doped Lead Zirconate Titanate (PSZT) Thin Films on RF Magnetron Sputtering Conditions
Authors: Sriram Sharath , Bhaskaran Madhu , Holland Anthony Stephen , Reeves Geoffrey K 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTStudies on strontium-doped lead zirconate titanate (PSZT) have been reported for its high piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. For PSZT to exhibit pronounced piezoelectric behaviour it must have a crystalline grain structure (perovskite orientation). This paper is a study of the deposition of PSZT thin films by RF magnetron sputtering and the effect of cooling rate, after deposition at temperatures between 500 °C and 700 °C. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) results are used to show how a cooling rate of 5 °C/min increases the degree of perovskite orientation in sputtered films, when compared to a cooling rate of 15 °C/min. The absence of significant shifts in the positions of diffraction peak patterns in XRD results are used to demonstrate low stress in the deposited films. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) imaging is used to show the crystalline nature of the PSZT thin films.
Clathrate Hydrates for Production of Potable Water
Authors: Bradshaw Robert W. , Simmons Blake A. , Majzoub Eric H , Clift W. Miles , Dedrick Daniel E. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTClathrate hydrates are crystalline inclusion compounds of water and a guest molecule (e.g., methane) that form at temperatures below ambient but above the freezing point of water. There are three known crystalline structures of hydrates (structure I, II, and H) in which cavities within the hydrogen bonded water molecule lattice trap the hydrate-forming species. The clathrate structure excludes dissolved solutes, such as sodium chloride, from the aqueous phase and thereby offers a possible means to produce potable water from seawater or brackish water. The concept of using clathrate hydrates for desalination is not new. However, before clathrate hydrate desalination becomes a viable technology, fundamental issues of controlled hydrate formation, hydrate size and morphology, agglomeration, amount of entrapped salt, and the efficient recovery of hydrates must be understood. This paper will report structural characterization of hydrates formed with several guest molecules over a wide range of conditions in an attempt to further the physicochemical insight needed to address these issues.Clathrate hydrate formation experiments were performed using a variety of host molecules, including R141b, a commercial refrigerant, C2FCl2H3. Hydrates of R141b were formed at temperatures from 2°C to 6°C and atmospheric pressure from deionized water and 2% - 7% NaCl solutions. Samples of the hydrates were characterized by cold-stage x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy and determined to be structure II. Additional experiments were conducted with a gaseous hydrate former, ethylene, which readily formed hydrates with deionized or saline water at 2°C and several atmospheres of pressure. Experiments with several other hydrate forming molecules were conducted and the results obtained from their structural characterization will be reported. We will also present proof-of-concept experiments demonstrating a novel technique of desalination using these hydrate formers.Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
Freely Accessible Internet Resources for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Education and Research at Portland State University's Research Servers
Authors: Moeck Peter , Seipel Bjoern , Upreti Girish , Harvey Morgan , Garrick William 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTBecause a great deal of nanoscience and nanotechnology relies on crystalline nanometer sized or nanometer structured materials, crystallographers have to provide their specific contributions to the National Nanotechnology Initiative. Here we review two open access internet-based crystallographic databases, the Crystallography Open Database (COD) and the Nano-Crystallography Database (NCD), that store information in the Crystallographic Information File (CIF) format. Having more than ten thousand crystallographic data sets available on the internet in a standardized format allows for many kinds of internet-based crystallographic calculations and visualizations. Examples for this that are dealt with in this paper are interactive crystal structure visualizations in three dimensions (3D) and calculations of theoretical lattice-fringe fingerprint plots for the identification of unknown nanocrystals from their atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy images.
Planting Seeds: Including Nanotechnology Education into Engineering Curricula
Authors: Jaszczak John A. , Seely Bruce E. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTAs part of a Nanotechnology Undergraduate Education program funded by NSF, a team of faculty at Michigan Technological University has developed a suite of educational and research experiences intended to introduce undergraduate students to the exciting prospects and challenges of nanoscale science and engineering. Although open to all students, the program was designed in particular for engineering students whose curricula have relatively little flexibility. Engineering students at Michigan Tech follow a common first-year curriculum, and as is true at most engineering colleges, their courses of study are highly structured. In order to bring introductory nanotechnology content to both engineering and non-engineering majors, activities were developed to fit into or to modestly supplement existing curricular frameworks. The program seeks to introduce students to three foundational aspects of work at the nanoscale: the underlying scientific principles, possible scientific and engineering applications, and the societal implications of implementation of nanotechnology. A web site (http://nano.mtu.edu/) was developed as a central focal point for nano-related research activities at Michigan Tech. This paper presents additional background and discusses the challenges related to the project, a brief overview of the educational activities, a more in-depth description of those activities deemed to be the most successful, and a description of some lessons learned.
Nanotechnology, Biology, Ethics and Society: Overcoming the Multidisciplinary Teaching Challenges
Authors: Vanasupa Linda , Ritter Matthew , Schader Barbara , Chen Katherine , Savage Richard , Schwartz Peter , Slivovsky Lynne 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTOne of the inherent challenges of teaching any emerging technology like nanotechnology, is the fact that its core competencies flux in the new disciplines' early stages. Nanotechnology presents an additional challenge in that its underpinnings cross multiple traditional disciplinary boundaries. We have designed a course that aims to address some of these challenges through a handful of structural features: team-based learning; a “reverse of the learning pyramid” approach; team-teaching; embedded information literacy techniques; and application-centered content. Our course is organized around four applications that are in their developmental stages: gold nanoshells for cancer treatment; molecular manufacturing; tissue engineering of a vital organ; and a microfluidic glucose sensor. These applications provide natural contexts for learning biology at the cellular level, the molecular level, the organ level and the biological systems level, respectively. They also provide natural contexts to introduce ideas of scientific uncertainty in emerging fields. In this paper, we will present the design features of our sophomore-level course Nanotechnology, biology, ethics and society and some preliminary results.
Development of Computer Game Based Instruction: The Periodic Table Game
Authors: O'Neal Brenda , McKenzie Leigh , Warren Garry W. , Nancy Earnest , Bryant Timothy , Bakker Martin G. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTA collaboration between The Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) and the Integrated Science (IS) program run by the Center for Communication and Educational Technology (CCET) at The University of Alabama has been developing a computer game based approach to teaching Periodic Table concepts and facts to middle school students. The game is broken into seven different sections. There are three information centers, which are each paired with a game, and there is a “Dream Room” which provides an incentive for students to master the subject matter of the game. The three information centers focus on learning the elements, their positions in the periodic table, and trends in physical and chemical properties. The games then test the students' knowledge of the concepts and facts in the information centers. The game is currently in a late beta version and can be accessed over the web at http://www.mint.ua.edu/periodictable.Preliminary results from a large evaluation exercise shows that classes that use the computer games improved significantly more on tests of subject matter than a control group.
Charge Trapping Memory Cell of TANOS (Oxide-SiN-Al2O3-TaN) Structure Erased by Fowler-Nordheim Tunneling of Holes
Authors: Lee Chang-Hyun , Kang Changseok , Shin Yoocheol , Sim Jaesung , Sel Jongsun , Choe Byeong-In , Choi Jungdal , Kim Kinam 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWe present the TANOS (Si-Oxide-SiN-Al2O3-TaN) cell with 40 Å-thick tunnel oxide erased by Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling of hole. Thanks to introducing high-k dielectrics, alumina (Al2O3) as a blocking oxide, the erase threshold voltage can be maintained to less than - 3.0 V, meaning hole-trapping in SiN. We extracted the nitride trap densities of electron and hole for the TANOS cell. It is demonstrated that the TANOS structure is very available to investigate the trap density with shallower energy. The energy level of hole trap (1.28 eV) is found to be deeper than that of electron (0.8 eV). As the cycling stress is performed, persistent hole-trapping is observed unlike endurance characteristics of conventional floating-gate cell. The hole trapping during the cycling stress can be attributed to two possibilities. The injected holes are trapped in neutral trap of tunnel oxide and residue of holes which is not somewhat compensated by injected electrons may be accumulated in SiN. It is demonstrated the erase operation of the TANOS cell is governed by Fowler-Nordheim tunneling of hole due to the field concentration across the tunnel oxide.
Microphotonics Applications of Silicon Microspheres
Authors: Serpengüzel Ali 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTSilicon microspheres with high quality factors morphology dependent resonances are used for resonant detection and filtering in the near-infrared. The near-infrared light is coupled to the silicon microsphere with optical fiber half couplers. The observed morphology dependent resonances have quality factors of 100000. The experimentally measured quality factors are limited by the sensitivity of the experimental setup. These optical resonances provide the necessary narrow linewidths that are needed for high resolution optical filtering, Raman lasers, modulators, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible detectors in the near-infrared. The silicon microsphere shows promise as a building block for silicon microphotonics, a complementary technology to the already well established CMOS based microelectronics technology for the realization of future microelectrophotonic integration.
Theoretical Investigation of Strain-balanced GaP1−xNx/GaAs1−yNy superlattices lattice-matched to Si(001) for 1.5-1.8 eV photonic applications
Authors: Bhusal Lekhnath , Zhu Wenkai , Freundlich Alex 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTDilute nitrides alloys of GaP1−x−yAsyNx alloys have attracted much attention since they exhibit a direct bandgap and their lattice constant matches the one of silicon for y=4.7x-0.1. Thus these alloys offer interesting perspectives for the monolithic integration of III-V optoelectronics with the silicon technology. For practically achievable nitrogen composition (x ≤ 0.04), the band gap of GaP1−x−yAsyNx alloys lattice matched to Si is limited to about 1.75 eV. One may attempt to expand the operation wavelength of these dilute nitrides by fabricating a short period strain-balanced GaP1−xNx/GaAs1−yNy superlattices on silicon where ultra-thin layers of GaAs1−yNy (compressively strained) and GaP1−xNx (tensilely strained) are alternated and where the thickness of each layer is maintained to below the onset of the lattice relaxation.In this work we present a theoretical study of the electronic band structure of these strain-balanced (and lattice matched to Si) superlattices in the vicinity of the center of the Brillouin zone (Γ-point). A six-band Kane Hamiltonian modified to account for the strain effect and the band anti-crossing model are used to describe the electronic states of the highly strained zinc blende GaP1−xNx and GaAs1−yNy ternaries. The evolution of the conduction band minima and valence subbands maxima of GaP1−xNx and GaAs1−yNy indicates the occurrence of a type I band alignment for the superlattices involving the mj = ±3/2, ±1/2 valence subbands in the range of compositions of interest.A transfer matrix method has been used to determine the electron and hole minibands of the superlattice structure, predicting the evolution of the band edge transition energies for different nitrogen compositions and alloying/thickness combinations. The results of calculations show the potential to obtain room-temperature photon absorption/emission energies as low as 1.57 eV for a typical nitrogen composition of 5%. The proposed strain balanced structure, thus offers the potential for bandgap engineering ranging from the near IR to visible with host of major applications in silicon-based optoelectronics and multi-bandgap photovoltaics.
Active Photonic Crystals Based multiplexer
Authors: Dardano Principia , Mocella Vito , Sirleto Luigi , Moretti Luigi , Rendina Ivo 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTIn the last years, in order to achieve active tuning of photonic crystals devices, the possibility to use liquid crystal inside photonic crystals has been explored.On this line of argument, in this paper, we numerically investigate a tunable T-shaped waveguide diplexer, based on a two-dimensional square lattice photonic crystal composed of silicon rods in a liquid crystals. We prove that complete splitting of the entire input wavelengths range in two sub-ranges symmetrical with respect to the middle (switching) wavelength, and propagating in right and left arms respectively, can be achieved. Moreover, changing the refractive index of liquid crystals by electro-optical effect, a tuning of switching wavelength of about 60 nm can be obtained.