bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AirborneMycobacterium aviuminfection in a group of red‐shanked douc langurs (Pygathrix nemaeus nemaeus)
Authors: Plesker Roland , Teschner Katja , Behlert Olaf , Prenger‐Berninghoff Ellen , Hillemann Doris 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground This report describes an airborneMycobacterium avium(MA)‐infection in two red‐shanked douc langurs (Pygathrix nemaeus nemaeus) from Cologne zoo.Methods The two individuals and their tissues were investigated clinically (including x‐rays), in pathology, in pathohistology, in classical bacteriology and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results Clinically, one individual displayed emaciation and a positive reaction in an intrapalpebral testing forM. bovis/MA. The other individual was without any symptoms and did not show any reaction in the intrapalpebral test. In x‐ray photos of the lungs, calcified nodules were detected. In pathology, calcified and necrotic nodules were observed within the lungs and the bronchial lymph nodes. In pathohistology, both classical tuberculous granulomas, and few acid fast rods were seen in Ziehl‐Neelsen‐stain. However, classical bacteriology could not demonstrate mycobacteria. In PCR, MA‐infection could be confirmed in one individual using the bronchial lymph nodes.Conclusions It was an airborne infection; however, the definite source of infection in these cases remained unclear. Animals in contact to the langurs (house sparrows and mice) as well as water used in the building are the most promising candidates. The risk for a zoonotic transmission in these cases has been calculated to be low.
Discovering Structure in Auditory Input: Evidence From Williams Syndrome
Authors: Elsabbagh Mayada , Cohen Henri , Karmiloff-Smith Annette 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe examined auditory perception in Williams syndrome by investigating strategies used in organizing sound patterns into coherent units. In Experiment 1, we investigated the streaming of sound sequences into perceptual units, on the basis of pitch cues, in a group of children and adults with Williams syndrome compared to typical controls. We showed that individuals with Williams syndrome were sensitive to the same pitch cues as typical children and adults when streaming these patterns. In Experiment 2, we evaluated differences in reliance on pitch and contour cues in unfamiliar melody perception in a group of adults with Williams syndrome relative to typical control children and adults. Unlike controls who demonstrated greater proficiency when contour cues were available, adults with Williams syndrome showed no such advantage.
Performance in Temporal Discounting Tasks by People With Intellectual Disabilities Reveals Difficulties in Decision-Making and Impulse Control
Authors: Willner Paul , Bailey Rebecca , Parry Rhonwen , Dymond Simon 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe subjective value of rewards declines as a function of the delay to receive them (temporal discounting). Three temporal discounting tasks that assessed preferences between small amounts of money (10 pence) over short delays (60 s), moderate amounts of money (£10) over moderate delays (2 weeks), and large amounts of money (£1000) over long delays (12 months) were presented to people with intellectual disabilities (Full-Scale IQ &lt; 70) and to a comparison group (ns  =  20 for each group). Measures of IQ, financial knowledge, memory, and executive functioning were also obtained. Only a third of the service users were able to perform the temporal discounting tasks consistently, and they tended to respond impulsively. The proportion of participants responding consistently increased following training. Both the initial performance and the effect of training were related to executive functioning but not IQ.
Effectiveness of an HIV/STD Risk-Reduction Intervention for Adolescents When Implemented by Community-Based Organizations: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jemmott John B. , Jemmott Loretta S. , Fong Geoffrey T. , Morales Knashawn H. 
Published: February 2010

Objectives. We evaluated the effectiveness of an HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention when implemented by community-based organizations (CBOs). Methods. In a cluster-randomized controlled trial, 86 CBOs that served African American adolescents aged 13 to 18 years were randomized to implement either an HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention whose efficacy has been demonstrated or a health-promotion control intervention. CBOs agreed to implement 6 intervention groups, a random half of which completed 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up assessments. The primary outcome was consistent condom use in the 3 months prior to each follow-up assessment, averaged over the follow-up assessments. Results. Participants were 1707 adolescents, 863 in HIV/STD-intervention CBOs and 844 in control-intervention CBOs. HIV/STD-intervention participants were more likely to report consistent condom use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06, 1.84) than were control-intervention participants. HIV/STD-intervention participants also reported a greater proportion of condom-protected intercourse (β = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.00, 0.12) than did the control group. Conclusions. This is the first large, randomized intervention trial to demonstrate that CBOs can successfully implement an HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention whose efficacy has been established.
Using STD Electronic Medical Record Data to Drive Public Health Program Decisions in New York City
Authors: Paneth-Pollak Rachel , Schillinger Julia A. , Borrelli Jessica M. , Handel Shoshanna , Pathela Preeti , Blank and Susan 
Published: February 2010

Electronic medical records can house patient information gathered over time and at multiple sites, thus they have the potential to increase continuity of care and improve service delivery in a multiclinic system. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene implemented an electronic medical record system in its 10 sexually transmitted disease clinics during 2004 and 2005. We examine the use of real-time electronic medical record data analyses to evaluate clinical services or program activities and present 3 examples of such analyses that have led to program improvements. Analyses of electronic medical record data have produced changes in clinical practice that in turn have resulted in more effective staff use, increased disease detection, and increased clinic capacity.
One Step Synthesis of Chiral Olefins via Asymmetric Diamination and their Applications as Ligands for Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Additions
Authors: Hu Xichao , Cao Ziping , Liu Zhaoqun , Wang Yazhou , Du Haifeng 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA variety of acyclic chiral dienes were synthesized in a single step via palladium(0)‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic and homoallylic CH diamination of terminal olefins. The applications of such simple dienes as steering ligands for rhodium(I)‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,4‐additions afforded the corresponding adducts in excellent yields and up to 85% ee.
Extents of reaction and flow for homogeneous reaction systems with inlet and outlet streams
Authors: Amrhein Michael , Bhatt Nirav , Srinivasan Balasubrahmanyan , Bonvin Dominique 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFor homogeneous reaction systems with inlet and outlet streams, this article proposes a linear transformation of the number of moles vector into three distinct parts, namely, the reaction variants, the inlet‐flow variants, and the reaction and inlet‐flow invariants. The transformed states can be interpreted physically as (i) the amount of material contributed by each reaction and still present in the reactor (extents of reaction), (ii) the amount of material contributed by each inlet stream and still present in the reactor (extents of inlet flow), and (iii) the fraction of the initial conditions that has left the reactor (extent of outlet flow). Furthermore, several implications of being able to compute the extents of reaction and inlet flow are discussed. The methodology is illustrated in simulation via the ethanolysis of phthalyl chloride. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Robust stabilization for uncertain discrete singular time‐delay systems
Authors: Ji Xiaofu , Yang Zebin , Su Hongye 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe problem of robust stabilization for uncertain discrete singular time‐delay systems is investigated. The considered systems are subject to norm‐bounded parameter uncertainties and constant time delay. A linear matrix inequality (LMI) condition is proposed for a discrete singular time‐delay system to be regular, causal and stable. With this condition, the problems of robust stability and stabilization are solved. The obtained results are formulated in terms of strict LMIs. An explicit expression of the desired state‐feedback control law is also given, which involves no matrix decomposition. The proposed synthesis method is illustrated by a numerical example. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Synthesis of Benzo‐ and Naphthoquinonyl Boronic Acids: Exploring the Diels–Alder Reactivity
Authors: Veguillas Marcos , Redondo Maria C. , García Isabel , Ribagorda María , Carmen Carreño M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSubstituted 2‐quinonyl boronic acids have been synthesised from 1,4‐dimethoxy aromatic derivatives in two steps: regiocontrolled boronation and oxidative demethylation. The study of their dienophilic behaviour evidenced that the boron substituent significantly increases the reactivity and triggers an efficient domino process in which the Diels–Alder reaction was followed by a protodeboronation or dehydroboronation, depending on the substitution on both the quinone and diene partners. The boronic acid acts as a temporary controller, opening a direct access to trans‐fused meta‐regiosomeric adducts when 3‐methyl‐substituted 2‐quinonyl boronic acids react with dienes with a substituent at C‐1. A particularly valuable synthetic result was obtained in the reaction between 3,6‐dimethyl‐2‐quinonyl boronic acid and piperylene under an oxygen atmosphere; trans‐fused 8a‐hydroxy‐2,4a,8‐trimethyl tetrahydronaphthoquinone was formed directly, in excellent yield and in a highly diastereoselective manner.
Asymmetric Substitutions of 2‐Lithiated N‐Boc‐piperidine and N‐Boc‐azepine by Dynamic Resolution
Authors: Coldham Iain , Raimbault Sophie , Whittaker David T. E. , Chovatia Praful T. , Leonori Daniele , Patel Jignesh J. , Sheikh Nadeem S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractProton abstraction of N‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl‐piperidine (N‐Boc‐piperidine) with sBuLi and TMEDA provides a racemic organolithium that can be resolved using a chiral ligand. The enantiomeric organolithiums can interconvert so that a dynamic resolution occurs. Two mechanisms for promoting enantioselectivity in the products are possible. Slow addition of an electrophile such as trimethylsilyl chloride allows dynamic resolution under kinetic control (DKR). This process occurs with high enantioselectivity and is successful by catalysis with substoichiometric chiral ligand (catalytic dynamic kinetic resolution). Alternatively, the two enantiomers of this organolithium can be resolved under thermodynamic control with good enantioselectivity (dynamic thermodynamic resolution, DTR). The best ligands found are based on chiral diamino‐alkoxides. Using DTR, a variety of electrophiles can be used to provide an asymmetric synthesis of enantiomerically enriched 2‐substituted piperidines, including (after Boc deprotection) the alkaloid (+)‐β‐conhydrine. The chemistry was extended, albeit with lower yields, to the corresponding 2‐substituted seven‐membered azepine ring derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Biologically Active Benzothiazole Substituted Thiazolidinone Derivatives via Cyclization of Unsymmetrical Imines.
Authors: Nagarajan Arasampattu S. , Kamalraj S. , Muthumary J. , Reddy Boreddy S. R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prospective effects of post‐bereavement negative events on cortisol activity in parentally bereaved youth
Authors: Hagan Melissa J. , Luecken Linda J. , Sandler Irwin N. , Tein Jenn‐Yun 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in the association between adverse childhood experiences, such as parental death, and mental and physical health problems. Recent research indicates that children who experience the death of a parent exhibit HPA axis dysfunction; however, the mechanisms underlying this association have not been explored. It is theorized that physiological dysregulation may result from exposure to stressful life events subsequent to parental death. The current study examined the prospective relations between negative events following parental death and cortisol activity in parentally bereaved youth. A greater number of post‐bereavement negative events predicted significantly lower levels of cortisol activity 6 years later; this association remained significant after controlling for current externalizing symptoms and recent negative events. Results suggest that higher exposure to stressful events following childhood parental loss may result in long‐term attenuated cortisol activity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 394–400, 2010.
Adolescence: A central event in shaping stress reactivity
Authors: Romeo Russell D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe magnitude and duration of the hormonal stress response change dramatically throughout an organism's lifespan. Although much is known about the factors that modulate stress reactivity during adulthood and how neonatal development and aging influence stress responsiveness, we know relatively little about how stress reactivity changes during the juvenile to adult transition. Recent studies in adolescent boys and girls have suggested that stress is an important factor contributing to an individual's vulnerability to various neuropsychological dysfunctions, including anxiety, depression, and drug abuse. Thus, understanding how exposure to stressors during this crucial period of development lead to negative consequences is of paramount importance. A growing body of literature indicates that pubertal organisms react differentially, both physiologically and behaviorally, to a stressor compared to adults. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to discuss the recent findings regarding the pubertal maturation of stress reactivity, while also highlighting future research directions that will aid in our understanding of stress and adolescent mental health and development. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 244–253, 2010
Differential expression and regulation by activin of the neurotrophins BDNF and NT4 during human and mouse ovarian development
Authors: Childs Andrew J. , Bayne Rosemary A.L. , Murray Alison A. , Martins Da Silva Sarah J. , Collins Craig S. , Spears Norah , Anderson Richard A. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe tropomyosin‐related kinase (Trk) B neurotrophin receptor is essential for ovarian germ cell survival and primordial follicle formation, but the contributions of its ligands, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin‐4 (NT4), are unknown. We have investigated their expression and regulation in developing human and mouse ovaries. BDNF expression increased with increasing gestation, expression of human NTF4 and of both Ntf5 and Bdnf in the mouse was unchanged. Bdnf expression was dramatically lower than Ntf5 in the mouse, but levels were comparable in the human. Human fetal ovarian somatic cells expressed BDNF. Activin A selectively regulated BDNF and Ntf5 expression in human and mouse, respectively, identifying an oocyte/somatic signaling pathway which might mediate the pro‐survival effects of activin. These data reveal that expression and regulation of the TrkB ligands are differentially controlled in the developing ovaries of humans and mice, and identify BDNF as a potential regulator of germ cell fate in the human fetal ovary. Developmental Dynamics 239:1211–1219, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐Term Testing in Dynamic Mode of HT‐PEMFC H3PO4/PBI Celtec‐P Based Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Micro‐CHP Applications
Authors: Moçotéguy P. , Ludwig B. , Scholta J. , Nedellec Y. , Jones D. J. , Rozière J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHigh temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFC) have a promising market in micro‐combined heat and power (μ‐CHP) applications. Operating above 150 °C, they would better cope with return temperatures of typical heating systems than conventional PEMFCs and would allow simplification of system regulations dedicated to failure prevention.Single cell and 500 We HT‐PEMFC stack integrating Celtec P 1000 MEAs were fed with synthetic reformate and air and successfully operated at 160 °C under accelerated typical annual μ‐CHP profile. The single cell was unaffected by 500 h of current cycling while stop/start cycles induced some voltage loss. After 658 h of cumulated operation, stack performance loss was limited at 7.6%: its electrical efficiency (LHV) decreased from 30.6 to 28.3%. Moreover, four initial stop/start cycles weakly impacted its performance, indicating that selected shutdown/restart protocol is convenient for field application. Conversely, after additional start/stop cycles, degradation rate was increased by stop/start cycling and some specific cells (mostly associated with lower initial OCV) exhibited significantly higher degradation rates. Finally, voltage transient evolution during current step exhibits undershoot which magnitude is strongly depends on cell location in the stack: it increased at stack dead‐end and for cells exhibiting highest degradation rates.
Case‐control study on prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma in young patients
Authors: Kaminagakura Estela , Vartanian José Guilherme , da Silva Sabrina Daniela , dos Santos Carlos Roberto , Kowalski Luiz Paulo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground.Oral squamous cell carcinoma affects mainly patients between the fifth and sixth decades of life, being rare in the young (≤40 years old).Methods.Demographic, clinical, and pathologic features, and the long‐term survival of 125 patients younger than 41 years of age were compared with 250 control patients older than 50 years old. Data were submitted to Kaplan–Meier and log‐rank tests.Results.The percentage of nonsmokers was higher in the younger patients (p = .04). In the younger patients, tumors at advanced clinical stage (p < .01) and poorly differentiated tumors (p = .01) were associated with a higher risk of recurrence. The relapse rate was higher in the younger patients (p = .02); however, there was no significant difference on overall survival (p = .86). The younger patients diagnosed after the 1990s had less advanced clinical stage tumors, had an increase in the use of combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, and their overall survival was improved.Conclusion.This study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Pattern‐information fMRI: New questions which it opens up and challenges which face it
Authors: Raizada Rajeev D. S. , Kriegeskorte Nikolaus 
Published: February 2010

AbstractRecent years have seen a strong growth of interest in multivariate approaches for analysing brain activity patterns. The primary goal of these approaches is to reveal the information represented in neuronal population codes. Here, we review how these methods have been used to relate neural activity patterns both to stimulus input and to behavioural output and how they might help to explain individual differences in behavioural performance. We examine the neuroscientific interpretation of different types of pattern‐information analysis and highlight current challenges and promising future directions for this emerging field. The open challenges that we discuss are as follows: inferring the causal role of pattern information, seeking diagnostic power for functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) at the level of individuals, determining whether observed patterns have real functional significance, finding the structure underlying high‐dimensional activation spaces and relating one person's neural patterns to another's. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 31–41, 2010
Independent regulation of short and long forms of latent TGF‐β binding protein (LTBP)‐4 in cultured fibroblasts and human tissues
Authors: Kantola Anna K. , Ryynänen Merja J. , Lhota Filip , Keski‐Oja Jorma , Koli Katri 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTransforming growth factor (TGF)‐β is secreted and targeted into the extracellular matrix (ECM) in association with one of the latent TGF‐β binding proteins (LTBPs). Activation of these latent complexes is an important regulatory step in TGF‐β signaling. LTBPs target the growth factor into the ECM and expose it to activating mechanisms. Disruption of LTBP‐4 gene causes severe developmental abnormalities in both humans and mice. Transcripts for two N‐terminally distinct LTBP‐4 variants, LTBP‐4S (short) and ‐4L (long), have been identified. In the current work, we have characterized differences in the expression, processing, and ECM targeting of these LTBP‐4 variants. Heart and skeletal muscle displayed expression of both variants, while liver expressed mainly LTBP‐4L and lung as well as small intestine LTBP‐4S. This tissue‐specific expression pattern was found to originate from control of transcription by two independent promoters. Furthermore, LTBP‐4S and ‐4L proteins were secreted and processed differently. During secretion, LTBP‐4L was complexed with TGF‐β1, whereas the majority of LTBP‐4S was secreted in a free form. In addition, LTBP‐4S was incorporated into the ECM, while full‐length LTBP‐4L was not readily detectable in the ECM. These data suggest that LTBP‐4 functions are modified by tissue‐specific expression of the two N‐terminally distinct variants, which in addition exhibit significant differences in cellular processing and targeting, that is, this provides a basis for understanding molecular diversity in LTBP‐4 structure and function. J. Cell. Physiol. 223:727–736, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) agonist FGF1 and the neural cell adhesion molecule‐derived peptide FGL activate FGFR substrate 2α differently
Authors: Chen Yongshuo , Li Shizhong , Berezin Vladimir , Bock Elisabeth 
Published: February 2010

AbstractActivation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors (FGFRs) both by FGFs and by the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is crucial in the development and function of the nervous system. We found that FGFR substrate 2α (FRS2α), Src homologous and collagen A (ShcA), and phospholipase‐Cγ (PLCγ) were all required for neurite outgrowth from cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) induced by FGF1 and FGL (an NCAM‐derived peptide agonist of FGFR1). Like FGF1, FGL induced tyrosine phosphorylation of FGFR1, FRS2α, ShcA, and PLCγ in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. However, the activation of FRS2α by FGL was significantly lower than the activation by FGF1, indicating a differential signaling profile induced by NCAM compared with the cognate growth factor. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.