bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of yield stress and slip behaviour of skin/hair care gels using steady flow and LAOS measurements and their correlation with sensorial attributes
Authors: Ozkan S. , Gillece T. W. , Senak L. , Moore D. J. 
Published: January 2012

SynopsisGels made with three different polymers widely used as rheology modifiers in cosmetic formulations (cross‐linked poly(acrylic acid), cross‐linked poly(maleic acid‐alt‐methyl vinyl ether) copolymer and cross‐linked poly(acrylic acid‐co‐vinyl pyrrolidone) copolymer) were characterized by rheological and sensory evaluation methods to determine the relationship between sensorial perception and corresponding rheological parameters. Both conventional rheological characterization methods and a more recent method, Fourier Transform Rheology with Large Amplitude Oscillatory Flow data (LAOS), were utilized to characterize the material with and without wall slip. Sensorial analyses were implemented in vivo to evaluate the perceived ease of initial and rub‐out spreadability, cushion, pick‐up and slipperiness attributes of the gels. Results were statistically analysed by both variance (ANOVA) and principle component analysis (PCA). Sensorial panel testing characteristics discriminated the three materials, and PCA analyses revealed that sensory attributes could be well predicted by rheological methods. Rheological experiments, without wall slip, revealed that gel strength in the linear viscoelastic region (LVR) and yield stress of these materials are similar, but exhibit significantly different wall slip and thixotropy behaviour in the low shear rate region under wall slip conditions. Above the critical shear rate, which corresponds to the yield stress, all tested materials did not slip and behaved as conventional, shear thinning polymeric fluids. In particular, the rheological parameters and sensorial perception of the 1% cross‐linked vinyl pyrrolidone/acrylic acid copolymer were significantly affected by wall slip and/or thixotropy‐related shear banding phenomena.
The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the follow‐up of children with convulsive status epilepticus
Authors: YOONG MICHAEL , MADARI RODICA , MARTINOS MARINA , CLARK CHRISTOPHER , CHONG KLING , NEVILLE BRIAN , CHIN RICHARD , SCOTT ROD 
Published: January 2012

Aim  The aim of this study was to determine the yield of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after an episode of childhood convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) and to identify the clinical predictors of an abnormal brain scan.Method  Children were recruited following an episode of CSE from an established clinical network in north London. Eighty children (age range 1mo–16y; 39 males; 41 females) were enrolled and seen for clinical assessment and brain MRI within 13 weeks of suffering from an episode of CSE. Scans were reviewed by two neuroradiologists and classified as normal (normal/normal‐variant) or abnormal (minor/major abnormality). Factors predictive of an abnormal scan were investigated using logistic regression.Results  Eighty children were recruited at a mean of 31.8 days (5–90d) after suffering from CSE. Structural abnormalities were found in 31%. Abnormal neurological examination at assessment (odds ratio [OR] 190.46), CSE that was not a prolonged febrile seizure (OR 77.12), and a continuous rather than an intermittent seizure (OR 29.98) were all predictive of an abnormal scan. No children with previous neuroimaging had new findings that altered their clinical management.Interpretation  Brain MRI should be considered for all children with a history of CSE who have not previously undergone MRI, especially those with non‐prolonged febrile seizure CSE, those with persisting neurological abnormalities 2 to 13 weeks after CSE, and those with continuous CSE.
Hippocampal expression of myelin‐associated inhibitors is induced with age‐related cognitive decline and correlates with deficits of spatial learning and memory
Authors: VanGuilder Heather D. , Bixler Georgina V. , Sonntag William E. , Freeman Willard M. 
Published: January 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 77–98.AbstractImpairment of cognitive functions including hippocampus‐dependent spatial learning and memory affects nearly half of the aged population. Age‐related cognitive decline is associated with synaptic dysfunction that occurs in the absence of neuronal cell loss, suggesting that impaired neuronal signaling and plasticity may underlie age‐related deficits of cognitive function. Expression of myelin‐associated inhibitors (MAIs) of synaptic plasticity, including the ligands myelin‐associated glycoprotein, neurite outgrowth inhibitor A, and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, and their common receptor, Nogo‐66 receptor, was examined in hippocampal synaptosomes and Cornu ammonis area (CA)1, CA3 and dentate gyrus subregions derived from adult (12–13 months) and aged (26–28 months) Fischer 344 × Brown Norway rats. Rats were behaviorally phenotyped by Morris water maze testing and classified as aged cognitively intact (n = 7–8) or aged cognitively impaired (n = 7–10) relative to adults (n = 5–7). MAI protein expression was induced in cognitively impaired, but not cognitively intact, aged rats and correlated with cognitive performance in individual rats. Immunohistochemical experiments demonstrated that up‐regulation of MAIs occurs, in part, in hippocampal neuronal axons and somata. While a number of pathways and processes are altered with brain aging, we report a coordinated induction of myelin‐associated inhibitors of functional and structural plasticity only in cognitively impaired aged rats. Induction of MAIs may decrease stimulus‐induced synaptic strengthening and structural remodeling, ultimately impairing synaptic mechanisms of spatial learning and memory and resulting in cognitive decline.
A comparison of the reliability of dynamic retinoscopy and subjective measurements of amplitude of accommodation
Authors: León Alejandro Álvarez , Medrano Sandra Milena , Rosenfield Mark 
Published: January 2012

Citation information: León AÁ, Medrano SM & Rosenfield M. A comparison of the reliability of dynamic retinoscopy and subjective measurements of amplitude of accommodation. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2012, 32, 133–141. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2012.00891.xAbstractPurpose:  Dynamic retinoscopy (DR) is an objective technique for assessing maximum accommodative responsivity. The present study examined the test‐retest reliability of this procedure when measuring the amplitude of accommodation (AA).Methods:  In the first trial, the within‐session repeatability of the AA was measured in 79 subjects between 18 and 30 years of age using DR and two subjective procedures, namely the modified push‐down (MPD) and minus lens (ML) techniques. Data were collected by two different examiners. In a second trial, the inter‐session repeatability of the AA was assessed in 76 subjects by a single evaluator with a time interval of 7 days between the first and second sessions. The repeatability, reproducibility and agreement between the methods were determined using the mean difference, 95% limits of agreement, intraclass correlation coefficient and concordance correlation coefficient.Results:  DR showed the lowest mean value of AA in each trial (average for the two trials = 7.44 D) while the equivalent mean values for the MPD and ML techniques were 9.84 and 9.43 D, respectively. Further, DR showed the best repeatability in both the repeatability trials and poorer inter‐examiner agreement was observed for the MPD and ML procedures. The concordance correlation coefficient for DR−MPD, DR−ML and MPD−ML procedures were 0.32, 0.33 and 0.62, respectively for the within‐session trial and 0.31, 0.36 and 0.76, respectively for the inter‐session trial.Conclusion:  The DR technique provides a more veridical measurement of the AA because it avoids the overestimation resulting from the depth‐of‐field. Moreover, the DR technique exhibited higher reproducibility, when compared with subjective methods. These differences may be important when evaluating accommodative dysfunctions or monitoring accommodative therapy. The fact that the DR procedure can be performed using standard clinical equipment makes this a valuable technique both for vision screening programs and routine eye care.
Carbon Footprint Assessment of a Paperback Book
Authors: Wells Jean‐Robert , Boucher Jean‐François , Laurent Achille‐Benjamin , Villeneuve Claude 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThis study presents the carbon footprint of a paperback book for which the cover and inside papers were produced in the United States and printed in Canada. The choice of paper mills for both cover and page papers was based on criteria such as percentage of recycled content in the pulp mix, transport distances (pulp mill to paper mill, paper mill to print), and technologies. The cradle‐to‐gate assessment of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions follows recognized guidelines for carbon footprint assessment. The results show that the production of 400,000 books, mainly distributed in North America, would generate 1,084 tonnes carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2‐eq), or 2.71 kilograms (kg) CO2‐eq per book. The impact of using deinked market pulp (DMP) is shown here to be detrimental, accounting for 54% of total GHG emissions and being 32% higher than reference virgin Kraft pulp. This supports findings that DMP mill GHG emissions strongly correlate with the carbon intensity of the power grid supplying the pulp mill and that virgin Kraft mills that reuse wood residue and black liquor to produce heat and electricity can achieve lower GHG emissions per tonne of pulp produced. Although contrary to common thinking, this is consistent with the Paper Task Force 2002 conclusion for office paper (the closest paper grade to writing paper or fine paper) (EDF 2002a). To get a cradle‐to‐grave perspective, three different end‐of‐life (EOL) scenarios were analyzed, all of which included a harvested wood product (HWP) carbon storage benefit for 25 years. The GHG offset concept within the context of the book editor's “carbon‐neutral” paper claims is also discussed.
Human Health Impact as a Boundary Selection Criterion in the Life Cycle Assessment of Pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Materials
Authors: Basbagill John P. , Lepech Michael D. , Ali Subhan M. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe human health impact of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials manufactured by the pultrusion industry is not fully understood. In particular, it is unclear whether the human health impact of toxic chemicals present in low concentrations in fire retardant pultruded FRP materials is disproportionately high. This impact may be an important criterion when making boundary selection decisions in the life cycle assessment (LCA) of these materials. The North American pultrusion industry was surveyed to determine resin mix concentration levels and workplace inhalation toxicity exposure levels. LCAs were then conducted on three building panel resin mixes to determine whether the human health impact of toxic chemicals used in the mixes was low enough to exclude the chemicals from the life cycle inventory (LCI) boundary. The first resin mix represented a typical pultruded product, the second mix removed toxic chemicals present in small concentrations, and the third mix replaced toxic chemicals present in small concentrations with a nontoxic chemical. Results showed that toxicity levels fell below exposure limits and no significant difference in human health impact existed among the LCAs. The research concludes that human health impact is a useful criterion when defining an LCI boundary. Toxic chemicals present in small concentrations in pultruded FRP materials may be excluded from the LCI boundary, as their human health impacts are low. Because these levels are marginal in North American pultrusion factories, no changes in resin mixes are recommended for the pultrusion industry.
Community and Individual Factors Associated With Cigarette Smoking Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Holloway Ian W. , Traube Dorian E. , Rice Eric , Schrager Sheree M. , Palinkas Lawrence A. , Richardson Jean , Kipke Michele D. 
Published: January 2012

Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) have higher rates of cigarette smoking than their heterosexual counterparts, yet few studies have examined factors associated with cigarette smoking among YMSM. The present study sought to understand how different types of gay community connection (i.e., gay community identification and involvement, gay bar or club attendance) were associated with smoking among YMSM recruited through venue‐based sampling in Los Angeles, California (N = 526). Structural equation modeling was used to isolate direct and indirect effects of gay community connection on smoking through cognitive and psychological mediators (i.e., psychological distress, health values, internalized homophobia). Findings indicate YMSM cigarette smoking prevention and intervention must be tailored to address the direct and indirect influences of the gay community.
Blood Pressure Variability as Sign of Autonomic Imbalance in Patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: VOSS ANDREAS , GOERNIG MATTHIAS , SCHROEDER RICO , TRUEBNER SANDRA , SCHIRDEWAN ALEXANDER , FIGULLA HANS R. 
Published: January 2012

Background:
The problem of identifying idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) patients who are at risk of sudden death is still unsolved. The presence of autonomic imbalance in patients with IDC might predict sudden death and tachyarrhythmic events. The aim of this study was to analyze the suitability of blood pressure variability (BPV) compared to heart rate variability (HRV) for noninvasive risk stratification in IDC patients.
Methods:
Continuous noninvasive blood pressure and high‐resolution electrocardiogram were recorded from 91 IDC patients for 30 minutes. During a median follow‐up period of 28 months (range: [17–38] months), 14 patients died due to sudden death or necessary resuscitation due to a life‐threatening arrhythmia. HRV and BPV analyses were performed in time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear dynamics. Using the Mann‐Whitney U test and Cox regression, we estimated the accuracy of clinical and nonclinical parameters in discriminating high‐risk from low‐risk patients.
Results:
Dynamics of blood pressure regulation was significantly changed in high‐risk patients, indicating an increased BPV. BPV indexes from nonlinear symbolic dynamics revealed significant univariate (sensitivity: 85.7%; specificity 77.9%; area under receiver‐operator characteristics [ROC] curve: 87.8%) differences. In an optimum multivariate set consisting of two clinical indexes (left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter, New York Heart Association) and one nonlinear index (symbolic dynamics), highly significant differences between low‐ and high‐risk IDC groups were estimated (sensitivity of 92.9%, specificity of 86.5%, and area under ROC curve of 95.3%).
Conclusion:
Diastolic BPV indexes, especially those from symbolic dynamics, appear to be useful for risk stratification of sudden death in patients with IDC. PACE 2012; 35:471–479)
Individual Differences in (Non‐Visual) Processing Style Predict the Face Inversion Effect
Authors: Wyer Natalie A. , Martin Douglas , Pickup Tracey , Neil Macrae C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRecent research suggests that individuals with relatively weak global precedence (i.e., a smaller propensity to view visual stimuli in a configural manner) show a reduced face inversion effect (FIE). Coupled with such findings, a number of recent studies have demonstrated links between an advantage for feature‐based processing and the presentation of traits associated with autism among the general population. The present study sought to bridge these findings by investigating whether a relationship exists between the possession of autism‐associated traits (i.e., as indicated by individuals’“autism quotient” [(AQ) and the size of the FIE. Participants completed an on‐line study in which the AQ was measured prior to a standard face recognition task where half of the faces were inverted at test. The results confirmed that higher AQ levels were predictive of smaller FIEs. Implications for a common underlying factor relating to processing orientation are discussed.
Exploring the Robustness of Cross‐Situational Learning Under Zipfian Distributions
Authors: Vogt Paul 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCross‐situational learning has recently gained attention as a plausible candidate for the mechanism that underlies the learning of word‐meaning mappings. In a recent study, Blythe and colleagues have studied how many trials are theoretically required to learn a human‐sized lexicon using cross‐situational learning. They show that the level of referential uncertainty exposed to learners could be relatively large. However, one of the assumptions they made in designing their mathematical model is questionable. Although they rightfully assumed that words are distributed according to Zipf's law, they applied a uniform distribution of meanings. In this article, Zipf's law is also applied to the distribution of meanings, and it is shown that under this condition, cross‐situational learning can only be plausible when referential uncertainty is sufficiently small. It is concluded that cross‐situational learning is a plausible learning mechanism but needs to be guided by heuristics that aid word learners with reducing referential uncertainty.
Probing the polygenic basis of cardiomyopathies in Drosophila
Authors: Qian Li , Bodmer Rolf 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy models in Drosophila
Congenital heart disease genes tinman/Nkx2‐5, neuromancer/TBX20 and pannier/GATA4 also function in maintaining adult heart function
A new cardiac pathway from tinman to Cdc42 via miR‐1: the Drosophila heart model as a tool to systematically probe for new heart disease gene candidates
In trying to understand the causes for congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathies, it is difficult to study polygenic interactions that contribute to the severity of the disease, which is in part due to genetic complexity and generation time of higher organisms that hinder efficient screening for modifiers of primary causes of heart disease. The adult Drosophila heart has recently been established as a model to probe genetic interactions that lead to cardiac dysfunction in this genetically simple and short‐lived organism. This has made it possible to systematically and efficiently screen for polygenic modulators of heart dysfunction inflicted by known heart disease genes. As heart development and fundamental aspects of cardiac physiology show remarkable evolutionary conservation, it has become possible to uncover new heart disease candidates by using Drosophila genetic tools in combination with sensitive heart function assays. Here, we review the discovery of several new genes, genetic pathways, and interactions that will help understand human heart disease. For example, interactions between cardiogenic transcription factors, discovered in Drosophila, are also critical for adult heart function in flies and mammals. These include interactions between tinman/Nkx2‐5 and neuromancer/Tbx20, which led to the discovery of possibly disease‐causing familial variants in human TBX20. A new genetic pathway from tinman/Nkx2‐5 to Cdc42, involving the microRNA
miR‐1, was recently discovered in flies and subsequently validated to function similarly in mouse heart. Thus, the fly heart has proven to be a useful discovery tool for screening genetic interactions that are otherwise difficult to conduct.
The antecedents of violence and aggression within psychiatric in‐patient settings
Authors: Papadopoulos C. , Ross J. , Stewart D. , Dack C. , James K. , Bowers L. 
Published: January 2012

Papadopoulos C, Ross J, Stewart D, Dack C, James K, Bowers L. The antecedents of violence and aggression within psychiatric in‐patient settings.Objective:  To systematically review the types and proportions of antecedents of violence and aggression within psychiatric in‐patient settings.Method:  Empirical articles and reports with primary data pertaining to violence and aggression within adult psychiatric in‐patient settings were retrieved. For each study, prospective antecedent data were extracted. The extracted antecedent data were thematically analysed, and all higher‐level themes were meta‐analysed using rate data.Results:  Seventy‐one studies met the inclusion criteria, from which 59 distinct antecedent themes were identified and organised into nine higher‐level themes. The higher‐level antecedent theme ‘staff–patient interaction’ was the most frequent type of antecedent overall, precipitating an estimated 39% of all violent/aggressive incidents. An examination of the staff–patient interaction themes revealed that limiting patients freedoms, by either placing some sort of restriction or denying a patient request, was the most frequent precursor of incidents, accounting for an estimated 25% of all antecedents. The higher‐level themes ‘patient behavioural cues’ and ‘no clear cause’ also produced other large estimates and were attributed to 38% and 33% of incidents overall.Conclusion:  This review underscores the influence that staff have in making in‐patient psychiatric wards safe and efficacious environments.
c‐Src expression is predictive of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis, but not in patients with visceral metastasis
Authors: ZHANG LINGYUN , TENG YUEE , ZHANG YE , LIU JING , XU LING , QU JINGLEI , HOU KEZUO , YANG XIANGHONG , LIU YUNPENG , QU XIUJUAN 
Published: January 2012

Zhang L, Teng Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Xu L, Qu J, Hou K, Yang X, Liu Y, Qu X. c‐Src expression is predictive of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis but not in patients with visceral metastasis. APMIS 2012; 120: 549–57.c‐Src expression is critical for breast cancer progression and it is particularly important for bone metastasis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of c‐Src on prognosis in metastatic breast cancer patients, and to conduct subgroup analysis to explore the role of c‐Src in bone metastasis and visceral metastasis respectively. We analyzed a total of 102 paraffin‐embedded primary tumor tissue sections from metastatic breast cancer patients using immunohistochemical staining for c‐Src, including 61 patients with bone metastases. Clinical data were collected retrospectively. We utilized survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model to explore the prognostic value of c‐Src expression in metastatic breast cancer. The c‐Src expression rate was 54.9% in the 102 metastatic breast cancer patients. Patients who exhibited c‐Src expression demonstrated poor progression‐free survival (PFS) (p = 0.044) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) (p = 0.017). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that c‐Src positive patients exhibited significantly worse bone metastasis‐free survival (p = 0.027) and DSS (p = 0.024), whereas in patients with non‐bone metastasis no significant difference was observed in PFS (p = 0.819) and DSS (p = 0.381). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that c‐Src expression was an independent predictor of DSS for patients with bone metastasis. Our findings demonstrate that c‐Src expression is a potential independent predictor of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis.