bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of dementia in a population-based study carried out in Granarolo, Ravenna
Authors: De Ronchi Diana , Bucchi Elisa , Pederzini Monica , Scaini Sara , Petio Carmine , Ferrari Giuseppe , Dalmonte Edoardo 
Published: October 2011

RIASSUNTOScopo – Valutare la prevalenza della demenza e dei diversi tipi di demenza tra i soggetti con più di 60 anni d'eta residenti a Granarolo (RA) alia data del 31.12.1991. Disegno – Studio di popolazione, articolato in due fasi. Nella prima fase l'intera popolazione anziana e stata studiata mediante test di screening, nella seconda i soggetti positivi ai test sono stati sottoposti ad indagini più specifiche. Principali misure utilizzate – Nella prima fase sono stati utilizzati il Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) e la Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). Nella seconda fase erano previste una visita medica, una valutazione neurologica, la somministrazione di test neuropsicologici e la diagnosi di demenza in accordo con i criteri del DSM-III-R. Risultati – Dei 557 partecipanti allo studio, 56 risultarono dementi. Per 29 persone fu formulata la diagnosi di Malattia di Alzheimer (AD) e per 14 pazienti la diagnosi di demenza di tipo vascolare (VaD). Il tasso di prevalenza della demenza era 11.1%, 9.1% per gli uomini (95% CI=5.29−12.89) e 12.7% per le donne (95% CI=8.84−16.6). La prevalenza della demenza nel suo insieme, cosi come dell'ad, aumentava in modo esponenziale ogni cinque anni in entrambi i sessi fino ai 90 anni di eta. Le donne evidenziavano una più elevata prevalenza della demenza in generale e di AD rispetto agli uomini e tale dato era più evidente nelle eta più avanzate. Conclusioni – I nostri dati concordano con quelli emersi in altri studi europei ed evidenziano come la prevalenza della demenza aumenti con l'elevarsi dell'eta. Se pensiamo che in Italia i grandi anziani (coloro con più di 80 anni) sono la parte di popolazione che aumenta più rapidamente rispetto alle altre fasce di eta, possiamo attenderci che la demenza diventera sempre più un problema di salute pubblica di grandissima rilevanza, essendo la più frequente patologia della popolazione molto anziana e causa primaria di disabilità e mortalità.
Doctors' responses to patients' concerns; an exploration of communication sequences in gynaecology
Authors: Dulmen Sandra Van , Nübling Matthias , Langewitz Wolf 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYAims– Like other medical doctors, gynaecologists have difficulty attending to psychosocial issues and concerns. Communication training has proven to be effective in teaching them to spend more time on discussing these factors. However, whether or not they do this in response to patients' utterances remains unclear. The question is how gynaecologists respond to patients' concerns, whether or not they do this adequately and what the effects of a communication training are on the use of these communication sequences.Methods– Nineteen gynaecologists participated in a study which examined the effects of a three-day residential communication training. Before and after the training the gynaecologists videotaped series of consecutive outpatient visits. The communication during these visits was rated using the Roter Interaction Analysis System. Gynaecologists' responses to patients' concerns were examined at lag one, i.e. immediately following the patient's concern.Results– The most prevalent responses made by the gynaecologists were showing agreement and understanding and giving medical information. Affective responses were observed less. At postmeasurement, the gynaecologists responded neither more adequately nor inadequately to patients' concerns.Conclusions– The gynaecologists did not respond in a very affective way to patients' concerns. However, the patients did not express many concerns. Future studies should focus on more prevalent communication behaviours and incorporate more lags.Declaration of Interest: none.
A theory-based approach to analysing conversation sequences
Authors: Langewitz Wolf , Nübling Matthias , Weber Heidemarie 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYAims – To assess the quality of communication generally two procedures are used: one defines categories of utterances and counts their frequency, the other uses global observer ratings. We investigated whether a sequence analysis of utterances yields results which more precisely reflect the process of a conversation. Methods – We re-examined data from a randomised controlled intervention study in which residents' interviews with simulated patients were analysed with the Maastricht History and Advice Checklist (MAAS-R) and the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS). Using the U-file of the RIAS we studied the effect of different types of physician questions (open, closed questions, facilitators, other physician actions) on the length of uninterrupted patients' speech and content of utterances. We investigated also whether reciprocity indices improve after a communication skills training, and whether they correlate with global scores form MAAS-R. Results – Patients respond to a closed question with a mean of 1.78 (± 1.49) utterances as compared to 2.75 (± 2.72) utterances after an open question. The likelihood of a concern was more than lOfold higher after an open question compared to closed questions. Reciprocal sequences make up less than 2 percent of the conversation, Still, they correlate with global items form MAAS-R. The 'empathy index' improves after the training.Declararation of Interest: preparation of the manuscript was supported by a grant from OncoSuisse.
I servizi postmanicomiali nella psichiatria sociale italiana. Il circolo pratica/ricerca
Authors: Salvia Domenico De 
Published: October 2011

RiassuntoFino al 1978 erano praticamente assenti in Italia studi di valutazione dei servizi psichiatrici. Ciò per vari motivi:a) l'esiguo sviluppo che aveva avuto nel nostro paese, nel secondo dopoguerra, l'approccio di psichiatria sociale secondo il modello inglese e scandinavo,b) il sopravvento preso, negli anni '60 e '70 sulle ricerche valutative da un approccio socio-politico ai problemi della organizzazione dei servizi. Una eccezione importante è costituita dalla ricerca di Augusto Tamburini e collaboratori (1918), basata su valutazioni e dati statistici e che oggi cadrebbe sotto l'ampio dominio della valutazione e della pianificazione dei servizi. Dopo una breve revisione della piu significativa produzione scientifica italiana nel campo della psichiatria sociale e dopo aver illustrato le caratteristiche principali della nuova fase, assistenziale e scientifica, apertasi in Italia dopo la riforma del 1978, 1'A. presenta gli obiettivi della ricerca multicentrica i cui risultati sono pubblicati nei primi due fascicoli di EPS.Parole chiavevalutazione dei servizi, psichiatria sociale, riforma psichiatrica in Italia.SummaryUntil 1978 evaluative studies of psychiatric services in Italy were missing. The reasons were:a) the approach to social psychiatry according to the English-Scandinavian model was underrepresented in Italy and the tradition of epidemiological research in psychiatry was poor,b) the predominance, in the sixties and seventies, of the sociopolitical approach to the problems of service organization. An important exception was the study by Augusto Tamburini and his colleagues (1918), based on statistics and assessment which we would call today service evaluation and service planning. The A. of the present paper briefly reviews the most important Italian studies in the field of social psychiatry, describes the main characteristics of Italian psychiatry after the 1978 reform and outlines the aims of the multicenter case-register study published in the first two issues of EPS.
Can deinstitutionalised care be provided for those at risk of violent offending?
Authors: Henderson Claire , Bindman Jonathan , Thornicroft Graham 
Published: October 2011

RIASSUNTOScopo — Lo scopo di questo lavoro e spiegare l'attuale situazione della deistituzionalizzazione e dello sviluppo della community care in Gran Bretagna. Disegno — Rassegna di articoli e rapporti sulla distituzionalizzazione. Setting — Articoli inclusi in rassegne che si riferiscono o all'intera Gran Bretagna, all'Inghilterra e al Galles o alia specifica area di Londra. Principali misure utilizzate — La rassegna e stata realizzata avendo come obiettivo il problema della misura in cui la community care pud o dovrebbe assumere le funzioni dell'ospedale psichiatrico, con particolare riferimento ai pazienti a rischio di comportamento violento. Queste funzioni comprendono sia quelle manifeste o esplicite, sia quelle latenti, o non esplicitate, ma implicite (Bachrach, 1976). Risultati — L'esempio di pazienti a rischio di comportamento violento mette in luce la continua rilevanza di entrambi questi gruppi di funzioni, che si suppone esercitino una forte influenza sui processi di chiusura degli ospedali psichiatrici e sullo sviluppo della community care. Questa influenza si manifesta nella ritardata chiusura degli ospedali psichiatrici, nella trans-istituzionalizzazione (il passaggio di alcuni pazienti dagli ospedali ad altre istituzioni) e l'istituzionalizzazione di aspetti della community care. Conclusioni — Sia le funzioni manifeste che quelle latenti degli ospedali psichiatrici devono essere riconosciute da coloro che sono coinvolti nella pianificazione della community care; qualora si ritenga desiderabile che la community care non assuma certe funzioni, e necessario prevederne le conseguenze, cosicche esse siano gestite in altro modo.
A personality disorders prevalence study among inpatients with mood disorders, psychoactive substance use disorders and anxiety disorders
Authors: Marinangeli Maria Grazia , Butti Giancarlo , Scinto Antonella , Cicco Loredana Di , Kalyvoka Artemis , Petruzzi Concetta , Rossi Alessandro 
Published: October 2011

SummaryObjective- The aim of this study was to asses type and prevalence of Personality Disorders (PDs) and their patterns of comorbidity with Axis I disorders in a sample of psychiatric inpatients.Setting- The sample consisted of 300 subjects admitted to a psychiatric unit on a voluntary bases for an index episode. The study was conducted over a period of 12 months, from 1.11.1997 to 31.10.1998.Main outcome measures- The Italian version of SCID-II-PQ (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R personality disorders, with Personality Questionnaire-PQ- a self report questionnaire).Results- More than half the patients had at least one personality disorder. The mean of disorders per patient was 2.83±1.93 (±SD). The most prevalent Axis II disorders were Borderline PD (30.7%), Obsessive-compulsive PD (30.7%) and Avoidant PD (25.3%). Women were significantly more likely than men to meet criteria for Dependent PD and Avoidant PD. Man showed significantly more frequently than women Antisocial PD. Significant associations (p<0.05) were found for comorbidity of Mood Disorders and Avoidant PD, and for Psicoactive Use Disorders and Antisocial PD.Conclusions- Our study confirms the high prevalence of PDs in psychiatric inpatients and showes some interesting associations between Axis I and Axis II disorders. These results can't be generalized to outpatients because our clinical sample involved mainly severely ill inpatients, but they raise questions about the exact nature of PDs and of the relationship with Axis I disorders. Further research involving outpatients and general population is needed to examine factors that could affect development and course of Personality Disorders.
Psycho-social problem disclosure during primary care consultation
Authors: Del Piccolo Lidia 
Published: October 2011

RIASSUNTOScopo – Valutare come i pazienti trattano tematiche psicosociali durante la consultazione in medicina generale e se vi è un'influenza degli aspettà di personalità (dipendenza emotiva e tendenza a controllare o delegare la salute) su tale comportamento. Disegno — “Caso-controllo”. Tra i casi rientravano coloro che avevano punteggio maggiore o uguale a tre nel General Health Questionnaire (GHQ—12). L'appaiamento caso—controllo è stato fatto sulla base del medico curante, del giudizio di presenza/assenza di disagio emotivo espresso dal medico, dal sesso, dall'età e dalla presenza di malattia cronica. Setting — Sei ambulatori di Medicina Generale. Principali misure utilizzate — Scheda del medico con i dati clinici del paziente, Scheda del paziente con dati socio—demografici, Questionario sui problemi sociali, GHQ—12, Questionario sugli eventi di vita. Successivamente i pazienti sono stati ricontattati ed hanno compilato la Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC), l'Interpersonal Dependency Inventory e il Social Support Questionnaire. Risultati – La probabilità di trattare tematiche psicosociali aumenta quando il medico attribuisce disagio psichico. I pazienti correttamente identificati senza disagio emotivo hanno trattato meno frequentemente temi psico-sociali, pur accennandoli, il contrario si è verificato per i pazienti riconosciuti con disagio. I pazienti con alto punteggio al GHQ-12 e non identificati dal medico (falsi negativi), più degli altri non hanno neppure fatto cenno ad aspetti psicosociali. La presentazione di problemi psicosociali non è risultata influenzata dalle misure di personalità. Conclusioni – L'assenza di accenni a temi psicosociali e la mancanza di un approccio centrato sul paziente hanno contribuito al non riconoscimento del disagio emotivo nei pazienti «falsi negativi». Un atteggiamento attivo da parte del medico nell'introdurre tematiche psicosociali può avere un notevole effetto sul riconoscimento del disagio psichico in tali pazienti.
Variability of clinical and managerial decisions in mental health services of Region Lombardia: the vignette method
Authors: Biffi Giuseppe , Cuttitta Giuseppe , Bezzi Roberto , Magnani Germana , Piacentini Daniele , Ramonda Maurizio , Ferrigno Luigina , Morosini Pierluigi 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYThis paper concerns one of the four research projects developed during a training course in clinical epidemiology managed by the Lombardy training centers IREF. Objectives — To compare the recommandations for treatment concerning 9 vignettes derived from the Australian Quality Assurance Project. Setting — Six Mental Health Services of Regione Lombardia. Design and Participants — For each vignette, all psychiatrists working in the 6 Mental Health Services were asked to fill in a questionnaire about treatment location, psychopharmacology, psychotheraphy, priority between psychotherapy and psychopharmacology and degree of difficulty in answering. Results — 44 out of 52 target psychiatrists took part to the study. Remarkable variability for treatment location and psychotherapies; moderate variation for psychodrugs prescriptions and a good agreement for diagnoses were observed. In drugs prescription an eccess of association was observed. The most prevalent model of psychotherapy was the psychodynamic, followed by the cognitivebehavioural and the family-systemic. There was a tendency toward a flexible approach, as suggested by recommendations of different psychotherapeutic models according to the nature of the disorder. No case were judged very difficult; only in 3 cases a judgement of «somewhat difficult» was expressed by more than 20% (but less than 30%) of the psychiatrists. Conclusions — Studies of this type are very easy to carry out and give useful information for continuous training programs and Continuous Quality Improvement projects.
A SIMPLE GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTION INVOLVING ULTRARADICALS
Authors: ROBERTSON J. , SNYDER C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe give a new type of geometric construction that allows for the construction of families of quintic irrationalities, and is quite rich in algebraic properties. This construction may be considered as our first attempt at characterizing points constructible with compass and twice-notched ruler, a problem that seems to have been known in some form for more than two millennia.
Pacific Northwest region
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Discussions regarding both necessary and desirable changes in statutes and by‐laws started in 1966, and final agreement by members of the executive committee was reached at the 14th Annual Meeting in 1967. The proposed changes were put to a vote of the regional membership in early 1968 and were approved overwhelmingly.The major changes were: (1) Change in period of elections in order to conform to the change at National Headquarters. (2) Change in number of members of the executive committee to permit at least one representative for each section and more than one for the larger sections. (3) Recommended changes in statutes and by‐laws can now be made by an affirmative vote of the executive committee and be submitted to the Council of the AGU for approval.
Room for improvement
Authors: Zurflueh E. G. 
Published: October 2011

First, I would like to congratulate the Editor and staff on the new format of the Transactions. I consider it to be a notable improvement over the previous conservative format.Along this line, I would like to see some further improvements, and it would be especially gratifying to see them implemented by fast action. The following comments, it is hoped, will contribute to such implementation. These comments are based on McCormac's suggestions in January's ‘Forum’ with which I am in wholehearted agreement. I would like to briefly summarize the essential points of his expose before presenting a few additional ideas.
Development of the 5‐year program on earthquake prediction research in Japan
Authors: Rikitake T. 
Published: October 2011

A 5‐year program on earthquake prediction research has been supported by the government since 1965. The approved budget for the past four years is summarized in Table 1. The total sum of money for the proposed program is 3,440,000,000 yen; about 30 per cent of the proposed plan has been approved by the government.During the four years, there have been established eight observatories for continuous observation of crustal movement, ten observatories for microearthquake observation, eight sets of proton precession magnetomers, four field patrols for mobile observation of ultramicroearthquakes and one field party for levelling and magnetic and geodimeter surveys. A data processing center equipped with an IBM 360‐40 computer was set up at the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo.
Tectonics of the San Andreas Fault System geologic studies
Authors: Wallace Robert E. 
Published: October 2011

Earthquake probability. A long‐term rate of right‐lateral slip on the San Andreas fault of between 1 and 2 cm/yr over at least the past 25 million years and possibly 60 million years has been further confirmed and defined by recent analyses of offset sedimentary basins [Vedder, 1966; Addicott, 1968; Dibblee, 1966; Cummings, 1968; and Wentworth, 1968]. The data suggest possible variations between these limits in different geologic periods, but data are not yet adequate to define the changes precisely.These long‐term rates are approximately the same as those determined by geodesy and other means. For example, Brown and Wallace [1968] found that an average rate of about 2 cm/yr from historic offsets of man‐made structures along the segment of the fault between Paicines and Cholame.
Source region of the Matsushiro earthquakes
Authors: Kasahara Keichi 
Published: October 2011

Teleseismic and near‐field data of the Matsushiro earthquakes were studied collectively in order to clarify the focal mechanisms of the swarm activity. The author first applied the Aki and Brune techniques to the Love waves recorded at Gifu, 180 km southwest of Matsushiro, and discovered that the seismic moment of major swarm shocks is about 0.7 ˜ 3.5×1022 dyne cm for the magnitude range of 4.6 ˜ 5.1. Stress drop for these shocks is then estimated at 0.6 ˜ 7.0 bars, properly assuming several other source parameters.Comparision of the retriangulation data with theoretical fault models proved that horizontal ground movements in the epicentral area are attributed fairly well to a buried strike‐slip fault, as formerly suggested by geologists on the basis of surface evidence. Geometrical dimensions of the buried faults were thus estimated at 3 km (deep) ×7 km (long), with surface cover of 0.5 km (thick).
Studies of Matsushiro earthquakes: 1. Variations of parameter m in the Ishimoto‐Iida relation
Authors: Nishida Ryohei , Mino Kazuo 
Published: October 2011

In general, the Ishimoto‐Iida relation between the maximum trace amplitude a and the number of earthquakes n(a)n(a) = k a−mholds good for earthquakes observed at an observation where k and m are constant [Ishimoto and Iida, 1939].On the other hand, Suzuki [1953, 1955] says that the parameter m in this relation is connected with b in the Gutenberg‐Richter relation log N = a−bM where a and b are constant [Gutenberg and Richter, 1942, 1956]. Suzuki derived a relation of b = m − 1 from the theoretical basis, under an assumption that the decay factor of seismic waves was constant regardless of earthquake magnitude.
Studies of Matsushiro earthquakes: 2. Attenuation of seismic S waves in short hypocentral distances
Authors: Umeda Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2011

Introduction.The earthquakes that occurred within a confined area around Matsushiro gave us a chance to study the attenuation of seismic waves in short hypocentral distances.During the observation periods (January–August 1966 and November 1966–March 1967), four and five observation stations were temporarily arrayed along two lines that were respectively oriented toward the southeast and southwest directions from Matsushiro, so as to correspond to nodal lines observed from the quadrant‐type pattern of initial P motions (see Figure 7). At each station the staff members of Abuyama Seismological Observatory installed a horizontal seismograph with a natural period of 0.6 sec and the direction of the pendulum motion perpendicular to the array lines. Magnifications of the seismographs with smoked paper recording systems were adjusted from 50 to 130, according to the distances from Matsushiro, in order to eliminate going off disturbances from background noises on recordings. The representative magnification curve is shown in Figure 8.
The Japan Meteorological Agency observation of the Matsushiro earthquake swarm
Authors: Ichikawa M. 
Published: October 2011

On August 3, 1965, seismographs at the Matsuchiro Seismological Observatory recorded several earthquakes whose S‐P times are shorter than 1 second. The number of earthquakes having approximately the same S‐P times has increased day after day, and more than 6,000 felt and unfelt events a day were observed at the observatory at the most active period of the earthquake swarm. The number of felt and unfelt earthquakes amounted to 690,000 up to the present.In the earlier stage of the swarm, the events occurred in a very narrow and nearly circular area whose center is located at Mt. Minakami. After September 1966, the earthquake area expanded toward both the northeast and southwest directions.
Systems possibilities for an early GARP experiment
Authors: Ruttenberg Stanley 
Published: October 2011

COSPAR Working Group 6 (Application of Space Experiments to Meteorology; Morris Tepper, Chairman) completed a special report on ‘Systems Possibilities for an Early GARP Experiment.’ The report was requested by the ICSUWMO Joint Organizing Committee for GARP (JOC) and presented to the committee at their recent meeting in Princeton, New Jersey.Twenty‐four technical experts from seven countries (France, USA, USSR Federal Republic of Germany, German Democratic Republic, Japan, United Kingdom), WMO and JOC met in London in October 1968 to review the development status and applicability to GARP of various observing techniques and to decide what techniques could be combined in the mid‐1970's to provide observational capability for a large‐scale but not necessarily complete GARP experiment.