bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vesicles Released by Activated T Cells Induce Both Fas-Mediated RIP-Dependent Apoptotic and Fas-Independent Nonapoptotic Cell Deaths
Authors: Koncz Gábor , Hancz Anikó , Chakrabandhu Krittalak , Gogolák Péter , Kerekes Krisztina , Rajnavölgyi Éva , Hueber Anne-Odile 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Activated T cells secrete Fas ligand (FasL)-containing vesicles (secreted vesicles) that induce death of target cells. We provide evidence that secreted vesicles from culture supernatants (Csup) of various origins are able to generate both Fas-dependent apoptotic and Fas-independent, nonapoptotic cell death. In the absence of Fas, the nonapoptotic, Fas-independent pathway could still induce cell death. In contrast to RIP-independent classical Fas-induced cell death triggered by cross-linked or membrane-bound FasL, CSup-derived stimuli-induced apoptosis exhibited unique molecular and enzymatic characteristics. It could be partially inhibited by blocking cathepsin D enzyme activity and required the presence of RIP. Whereas stimulation with CSup, derived from both FasL-overexpressing Jurkat cells and PBMC, could induce cell death, the requirements for Fas-associated death domain protein and caspase-9 were different between the two systems. Our study highlights an important distinction between cell contact-mediated and secreted vesicle-generated activation-induced cell death and also demonstrates that the type of the secreted vesicles can also modify the cell death route. We propose that besides cell-to-cell interaction-mediated Fas triggering, stimuli induced by secreted vesicles can mediate important additional cell death signals regulating activation-induced cell death under physiological conditions.
Identification of Pancreatic Glycoprotein 2 as an Endogenous Immunomodulator of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses
Authors: Werner Lael , Paclik Daniela , Fritz Christina , Reinhold Dirk , Roggenbuck Dirk , Sturm Andreas 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Pancreatic autoantibodies are Crohn disease-specific serologic markers. The function and immunological role of their recently identified autoantigen, glycoprotein 2 (GP2), are unknown. We therefore investigated the impact of GP2 on modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses to evaluate its potential therapeutic use in mucosal inflammation. Our data indicate a previously unknown function for GP2 as an immunomodulator. GP2 was ubiquitously expressed on cells vital to mucosal immune responses. The expression of GP2 was upregulated on activated human T cells, and it was further influenced by pharmaceutical TNF-α inhibitors. Recombinant GP2 significantly decreased human intestinal epithelial cells, mucosal and peripheral T cell proliferation, apoptosis, and activation, and it distinctly modulated cytokine secretion. Furthermore, intestinal epithelial cells stimulated with GP2 potently attracted T cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate a novel role for GP2 in immune regulation that could provide a platform for new therapeutic interventions in the treatment of Crohn disease.
Upstream Stimulating Factors Regulate the Expression of RORγT in Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Ratajewski Marcin , Walczak-Drzewiecka Aurelia , Sałkowska Anna , Dastych Jarosław 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γT (RORγT) is the orphan nuclear receptor that regulates the development of Th17 cells and the expression of IL-17. The differentiation of Th17 cells is associated with the upregulation of RORγT mRNA, and the mechanisms regulating that process in human cells are not well understood. We investigated the transcriptional regulation of RORγT in a human lymphocytic cell line and Th17 differentiated from naive CD4+ cells from human peripheral blood. A series of experiments, including 5′ deletion and in situ mutagenesis analysis of the human RORγT promoter, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and overexpression of selected transcription factors, revealed that the transcription factors upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF-1) and USF-2 are indispensable for the transcription of RORγT in human lymphocytes. There was also upregulation of USF-1 and USF-2 during the differentiation of Th17 cells from naive CD4+ cells. In this article, we report the first analysis, to our knowledge, of the human RORγT promoter and demonstrate the role of the USF-1 and USF-2 transcription factors in regulating the expression of RORγT in human lymphocytes. Thus, USFs are important for the molecular mechanisms of Th17 differentiation, and possible changes in the expression of USFs might be of interest for inflammatory conditions with a Th17 component. Furthermore, these observations suggest a possible link between metabolic disorders in which the role of glucose-induced USF expression has already been established and autoimmune diseases in which the upregulation of RORγT is frequently detected.
Microbial Carriage State of Peripheral Blood Dendritic Cells (DCs) in Chronic Periodontitis Influences DC Differentiation, Atherogenic Potential
Authors: Carrion Julio , Scisci Elizabeth , Miles Brodie , Sabino Gregory J. , Zeituni Amir E. , Gu Ying , Bear Adam , Genco Caroline A. , Brown David L. , Cutler Christopher W. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The low-grade oral infection chronic periodontitis (CP) has been implicated in coronary artery disease risk, but the mechanisms are unclear. In this study, a pathophysiological role for blood dendritic cells (DCs) in systemic dissemination of oral mucosal pathogens to atherosclerotic plaques was investigated in humans. The frequency and microbiome of CD19−BDCA-1+DC-SIGN+ blood myeloid DCs (mDCs) were analyzed in CP subjects with or without existing acute coronary syndrome and in healthy controls. FACS analysis revealed a significant increase in blood mDCs in the following order: healthy controls &lt; CP &lt; acute coronary syndrome/CP. Analysis of the blood mDC microbiome by 16S rDNA sequencing showed Porphyromonas gingivalis and other species, including (cultivable) Burkholderia cepacia. The mDC carriage rate with P. gingivalis correlated with oral carriage rate and with serologic exposure to P. gingivalis in CP subjects. Intervention (local debridement) to elicit a bacteremia increased the mDC carriage rate and frequency in vivo. In vitro studies established that P. gingivalis enhanced by 28% the differentiation of monocytes into immature mDCs; moreover, mDCs secreted high levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and upregulated C1q, heat shock protein 60, heat shock protein 70, CCR2, and CXCL16 transcripts in response to P. gingivalis in a fimbriae-dependent manner. Moreover, the survival of the anaerobe P. gingivalis under aerobic conditions was enhanced when within mDCs. Immunofluorescence analysis of oral mucosa and atherosclerotic plaques demonstrate infiltration with mDCs, colocalized with P. gingivalis. Our results suggest a role for blood mDCs in harboring and disseminating pathogens from oral mucosa to atherosclerosis plaques, which may provide key signals for mDC differentiation and atherogenic conversion.
Arecanut as an emerging etiology of oral cancers in India
Authors: Shah Gunjan , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Vaishampayan Sagar 
Published: August 2012

AbstractArecanut (AN) usage is widespread in Asian countries, especially India and Taiwan. The incidence of oral cancer is increasing day by day, but there is no exponential increase with tobacco usage. Especially in the country like Taiwan where betel quid mostly do not contain tobacco, AN can be correlated with the increased incidence of cancer. There are different studies in the literature about AN and oral cancer but none of them have concluded with the definite pathway for carcinogenesis. The present paper includes reviews of the literature for AN and oral cancer and summarizes the possible mechanisms associated with AN-induced carcinogenesis; and we have also tried to propose pathway of carcinogenesis.
Spontaneous rupture of benign mediastinal teratoma : A report of two cases
Authors: Madhusudhan K S , Sharma Raju , Gadodia Ankur , Kumar Arvind 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBenign mediastinal teratomas are commonly asymptomatic and seldom cause complications. Spontaneous rupture into the pleura is rare and cross-sectional imaging is crucial in its early detection and planning a proper surgical approach. We report two cases of spontaneous pulmonary and pleural rupture of benign mediastinal teratoma and discuss the imaging appearances.
PNET of kidney : Report of four cases
Authors: Mandal Palash Kumar , Mukherjee Supti , Roy Sravasti , Bhattacharyya Nirmal Kumar 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPrimitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of kidney is a rare tumor of kidney with only a few published reports. We report here four cases of PNET of kidney in the age group between 30 and 50 years who had complaints of vague pain and lump in loin. Hematuria was present in one case. Imaging of all cases revealed renal mass. The pathologic findings were consistent with PNET in all cases-confirmed by immunohistochemistry with diffuse membrane positivity of tumor cells of CD99. We could not do fluorescent in situ hybridization to demonstrate EWS-FLI-1 gene fusion. Each case was in the advanced stage. However, after giving postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy patients are still alive. Reporting of these cases are important as we got them in a short span of 3 years. In view of its poor prognosis, aggressive nature and different therapeutic approach- renal PNET should be differentiated from other small blue round cell tumors like neuroblastoma, rhabdoid tumor of kidney, nephroblastoma, small cell carcinoma, synovial sarcoma (monophasic, poorly differentiated) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) by immunohistochemistry, cytogenetic, and molecular genetics study to see the different gene rearrangements in NHL and 3p deletion in small cell carcinoma.
Unfolding the Fullerene: Nanotubes, Graphene and Poly‐Elemental Varieties by Simulations
Authors: Penev Evgeni S. , Artyukhov Vasilii I. , Ding Feng , Yakobson Boris I. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRecent research progress in nanostructured carbon has built upon and yet advanced far from the studies of more conventional carbon forms such as diamond, graphite, and perhaps coals. To some extent, the great attention to nano‐carbons has been ignited by the discovery of the structurally least obvious, counterintuitive, small strained fullerene cages. Carbon nanotubes, discovered soon thereafter, and recently, the great interest in graphene, ignited by its extraordinary physics, are all interconnected in a blend of cross‐fertilizing fields. Here we review the theoretical and computational models development in our group at Rice University, towards understanding the key structures and behaviors in the immense diversity of carbon allotropes. Our particular emphasis is on the role of certain transcending concepts (like elastic instabilities, dislocations, edges, etc.) which serve so well across the scales and for chemically various compositions.
Small Silicon, Big Opportunities: The Development and Future of Colloidally‐Stable Monodisperse Silicon Nanocrystals
Authors: Mastronardi Melanie L. , Henderson Eric J. , Puzzo Daniel P. , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNanomaterials are becoming increasingly widespread in consumer technologies, but there is global concern about the toxicity of nanomaterials to humans and the environment as they move rapidly from the research laboratory to the market place. With this in mind, it makes sense to intensify the nanochemistry community's global research effort on the synthesis and study of nanoparticles that are purportedly “green”. One potentially green nanoparticle that seems to be a most promising candidate in this context is silicon, whose appealing optical, optoelectronic, photonic, and biomedical attributes are recently gaining much attention. In this paper, we outline some of our recent contributions to the development of the growing field of silicon nanocrystals (ncSi) in order to stress the importance of continued study of ncSi as a green alternative to the archetypal semiconductor nanocrystals like CdSe, InAs, and PbS. While a variety of developments in synthetic methods, characterization techniques, and applications have been reported in recent years, the ability to prepare colloidally‐stable monodisperse ncSi samples may prove to have the largest impact on the field, as it opens the door to study and access the tunable size‐dependent properties of ncSi. Here, we summarize our recent contributions in size‐separation methods to achieve monodisperse samples, the characterization of size‐dependant property trends, the development of ncSi applications, and their potential impact on the promising future of ncSi.
Gastrointestinal delivery of glipizide from carboxymethyl locust bean gum–Al3+–alginate hydrogel network: In vitro and in vivo performance
Authors: Dey Paramita , Maiti Sabyasachi , Sa Biswanath 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSodium alginate and carboxymethyl locust bean gum (CMLBG) were reticulated in an aqueous solution of AlCl3, and this novel interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel encapsulated about 93–98% glipizide. The degree of reticulation in the spherical IPN beads was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, neutralization equivalent determination, tensile strength testing, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. An increase in the CMLBG weight ratio and the degree of crosslinking in the IPN was found to increase mean dissolution time of the encapsulated drug. The dissolution efficiency was found to be much higher in the medium at pH 7.4 than at pH 1.2. The swelling of IPN depended on the pH of the medium, and accordingly, monitored the drug release for a period of 8 h. The anomalous drug transport mechanism was presumed to be operative. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed the drug's stability in the IPN during encapsulation. The IPN showed significant hypoglycemic activity on male Wistar rats for up to 10 h. This could be beneficial for diabetic patients for achieving control over blood glucose levels. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
UV‐induced crosslinking and cyclization of solution‐cast polyacrylonitrile copolymer
Authors: Morales Marlon S. , Ogale Amod A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn alternative, rapid stabilization route for polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursors is reported based on UV‐induced crosslinking and cyclization reactions. Two mechanisms of photoinitiation were investigated: homolytic cleavage and hydrogen abstraction. Solution‐cast PAN copolymer samples were irradiated for different durations (100, 300, and 600 s) and temperatures (∼65 and 100°C, below and above glass transition temperature respectively). FTIR spectra show the formation of carbon–oxygen, carbon–nitrogen, and carbon–carbon double bonds (1450–1700 cm−1 region) attributed to the development of cyclized structure. Conversion indices estimated from the FTIR spectra indicate samples containing hydrogen abstraction photoinitiator show higher extents of cyclization among the three main set of samples. This observation was also confirmed by higher gel percentages measured on the same set of samples. FTIR conversion indices of samples UV‐treated above glass transition temperature were higher compared with that for the same specimens UV‐treated below glass transition temperature. DSC results show that samples containing hydrogen abstraction photoinitiator enable a higher extent of post‐UV thermal cyclization. FTIR spectra of the UV treated samples were compared with conventional thermal stabilized specimens. This comparison confirms that the addition of 1 wt % photoinitiator to PAN followed by 5 min of UV treatment increases the rate of the cyclization reaction and reduces the thermal oxidation time by over an hour, which could significantly reduce the conventional stabilization time by half. These results indicate the potential for an energy‐efficient, cost‐effective route for producing carbon fibers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Viscoelastic and thermal decomposition behaviors of polytetrahydrofuran binder prepared using glycerin as a crosslinking modifier
Authors: Kohga Makoto , Naya Tomoki , Shioya Shingo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPolytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) is an effective binder ingredient used for improving the performance of propellants. PTHF becomes sufficiently rubbery for use as a binder with the addition of an adequate crosslinking modifier. This study investigated the viscoelastic and thermal decomposition behaviors of the PTHF binder prepared using glycerin as a crosslinking modifier, as well as the influence of the molecular weight of PTHF on the characteristics of the PTHF binder. The curing behavior of the PTHF binder was suitable for the manufacture of propellants, and the superior tensile properties of the PTHF binder made it suitable for use as a propellant binder. The degree of crosslinking of the samples decreased as the molecular weight of the PTHF increased. The PTHF binder has unique dynamic mechanical properties owing to its melting and chemical structure, and these properties were dependent on the molecular weight of PTHF. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and the loss tangent at Tg decreased as the molecular weight of the PTHF increased. The temperature and frequency dependence of the PTHF binder were influenced by the melting point of PTHF. The viscoelastic properties of the binder prepared using PTHF with a molecular weight of 650 followed the time–temperature superposition principle. The activation energy for the relaxation of this binder varied remarkably at the melting point of PTHF. The thermal decomposition behavior indicated that at low temperatures, the consumption rate of the binder with low‐molecular‐weight PTHF was slightly larger than that of the binder with high‐molecular‐weight PTHF. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Rheological investigation of polyamide 6 TiO2‐ and BaSO4‐nanocomposites
Authors: Hassinger Irene , Burkhart Thomas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCommercially available TiO2 and BaSO4 nanoparticles were incorporated in polyamide 6 (PA 6) via twin screw extrusion. The primary particle size of nanoparticles was 15 nm and 20 nm. The compounds were manufactured via multiple extrusion and dilution processing steps. The dispersion of the nanoparticles in the matrix was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and image analysis, micro‐tomography, and transmission electron microscopy. The rheological properties were determined via plate–plate‐rheometer. It was found that for TiO2 fillers a threefold extrusion process is sufficient to realize a dispersion index of 94.4%. BaSO4 fillers were hardly dispersible, ending up with a maximum dispersion index of 71%. Deagglomeration does not lead to a change in rheological properties but the number of extrusion steps decreases the rheological properties. A good particle‐matrix interaction leads to higher moduli and viscosity. The remaining agglomerates seem to act as defects decreasing the energy absorption of the respective compounds. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Glyco‐engineering in plants to produce human‐like N‐glycan structures
Authors: Castilho Alexandra , Steinkellner Herta 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIt is now possible to produce complex human proteins, largely correctly folded and N‐glycosylated, in plants. Much effort has been invested in engineering expression technologies to develop products with superior characteristics. The results have begun to show success in controlling important posttranslational modifications such as N‐glycosylation. With the emerging data increasingly indicating the significance of proper N‐glycosylation for the efficacy of a drug, glyco‐engineering has become an important issue not only for academia but also for the biopharmaceutical industry. Plants have demonstrated a high degree of tolerance to changes in the N‐glycosylation pathway, allowing recombinant proteins to be modified into human‐like structures in a specific and controlled manner. Frequently the results are a largely homogeneously glycosylated product, currently unrivalled by that of any other expression platforms. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in plant N‐glyco‐engineering in the context of the expression of therapeutically relevant proteins, highlighting both the challenges and successes in the application of such powerful technologies.
Carbohydrate–Lipid Interactions: Affinities of Methylmannose Polysaccharides for Lipids in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Liu Lan , Bai Yu , Sun Nian , Xia Li , Lowary Todd L. , Klassen John S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe interactions between 3‐O‐methyl‐mannose polysaccharides (MMPs), extracted from Mycobacterium smegmatis (consisting of a mixture of MMP‐10, ‐11, ‐12 and ‐13) or obtained by chemical synthesis (MMP‐5s, ‐8s, ‐11s and ‐14s), and linear saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), and a commercial mixture of naphthenic acids (NAs) in aqueous solution at 25 °C and pH 8.5 were quantified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Association constants (Ka) for MMP binding to four FAs (myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and trans‐parinaric acid) were measured by using an indirect ESI‐MS assay, the “proxy protein” method. The Ka values are in the 104–105 M−1 range and, based on results obtained for the binding of the synthetic MMPs with palmitic acid, increase with the size of the carbohydrate. Notably, the measured affinity of the extracted MMPs for trans‐parinaric acid is two orders of magnitude smaller than the reported value, which was determined by using a fluorescence assay. Using a newly developed competitive binding assay, referred to as the “proxy protein/proxy ligand” ESI‐MS method, it was shown that MMPs bind specifically to NAs in aqueous solution, with apparent affinities of approximately (5×104) M−1 for the mixture of NAs tested. This represents the first demonstration that MMPs can bind to hydrophobic species more complex than those containing linear alkyl/alkenyl chains. Moreover, the approach developed here represents a novel method for probing carbohydrate–lipid interactions.
Efficient Tandem Synthesis of Methyl Esters and Imines by Using Versatile Hydrotalcite‐Supported Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Peng , Li Can , Hensen Emiel J. M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEfficient basic hydrotalcite (HT)‐supported gold nanoparticle (AuNP) catalysts have been developed for the aerobic oxidative tandem synthesis of methyl esters and imines from primary alcohols catalyzed under mild and soluble‐base‐free conditions. The catalytic performance can be fine‐tuned for these cascade reactions by simple adjustment of the Mg/Al atomic ratio of the HT support. The one‐pot synthesis of methyl esters benefits from high basicity (Mg/Al=5), whereas moderate basicity greatly improves imine selectivity (Mg/Al=2). These catalysts outperform previously reported AuNP catalysts by far. Kinetic studies show a cooperative enhancement between AuNP and the surface basic sites, which not only benefits the oxidation of the starting alcohol but also the subsequent steps of the tandem reactions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that straightforward control of the composition of the support has been shown to yield optimum AuNP catalysts for different tandem reactions.
Breakage Probability of Granules by Repeated Stressing
Authors: Salman  , Aman Sergej , Tomas Jürgen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe breakage behavior of γ‐Al2O3 granules was investigated by repeated stressing with double impact and compression test. Regarding to the stressing point of particle surface, the experiment was established in two treatment conditions – fixed and rotated treatment. In the case of double impact test a hardening factor was introduced into the breakage probability model. The result described the breakage probability for both fixed and rotated granules during repeated stressing.