bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Suppresses Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Acute Hypoxia
Authors: Kleinsasser Axel , Pircher Iris , Treml Benedict , Schwienbacher Martin , Schuster Manfred , Janzek Eveline , Loibner Hans , Penninger Josef M. , Loeckinger Alex 
Published: March 2012

Objective Alveolar hypoxia as a result of high altitude leads to increased pulmonary arterial pressure. The renin-angiotensin system is involved in the regulation of pulmonary arterial pressure through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It remains unknown whether ACE2 administration alters pulmonary vascular pressure in hypoxia. Methods We investigated 12 anesthetized pigs instrumented with arterial, central venous, and Swan-Ganz catheters exposed to normobaric hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen = 0.125) for 180 minutes. After taking baseline measurements in normoxia and hypoxia, ACE2 400 μg·kg−1 was administered to 6 animals, and another 6 served as control. Ventilatory variables, arterial blood gases, ventilation/perfusion ([Formula: see text]) relationships, and plasma angiotensin II concentrations were assessed before and at 30, 90, and 150 minutes in hypoxia after ACE2 or placebo administration. Hemodynamic variables and cardiac output were observed every 30 minutes. Results We observed lower pulmonary arterial pressure (maximum: 30 vs 39 mm Hg, P < .01) and lower pulmonary vascular resistance (maximum: 4.1 vs 7.5 Wood units, P <.01) in animals treated with ACE2. There was a trend ( P =.09) toward lower angiotensin II plasma concentrations among ACE2-treated animals. Cardiac variables and systemic arterial pressure in hypoxia remained unaffected by ACE2. Ventilation/perfusion relationships and Pao2 did not differ between groups. Conclusions In acute pulmonary hypertension, administration of ACE2 blunts the rise in pulmonary arterial pressure that occurs in response to hypoxia. Recombinant ACE2 may be a treatment option for high altitude pulmonary edema and hypoxia-associated pulmonary hypertension.
Improvised Traction Splints: A Wilderness Medicine Tool or Hindrance?
Authors: Weichenthal Lori , Spano Susanne , Horan Brian , Miss Jacob 
Published: March 2012

Objectives To investigate whether a traction splint made from improvised materials is as efficacious as commercially available devices in terms of traction provided and perceived comfort and stability. Methods This was a prospective randomized crossover study utilizing 10 healthy, uninjured volunteers. The subjects were randomized to be placed in 4 different traction devices, in differing order, each for 30 minutes. Three of the traction splints are commercially available: The HARE, Sager, and Faretech CT-EMS. The fourth traction device was an improvised splint made as described in Medicine for the Backcountry: A Practical Guide to Wilderness First Aid. At the end of 30 minutes the pounds of force created by each device was measured. The volunteers were also asked at that time to subjectively report the comfort and stability of the splint separately on a scale from 1 to 10. Results All traction splints performed similarly with regard to the primary outcome measure of mean pounds of traction created at the end of 30 minutes of application with results ranging from 10.4 to 13.3 pounds. There was little difference reported by participants in regard to stability or comfort between the 4 traction devices. Conclusions In this small pilot study, an improvised traction splint was not inferior to commercially available devices. Further research in needed in this area.
Mining Tacitus: secrets of empire, nature and art in the reason of state
Authors: KELLER VERA 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA new political practice, the ‘reason of state’, informed the ends and practices of natural study in the late sixteenth century. Informed by the study of the Roman historian Tacitus, political writers gathered ‘secrets of empire’ from both history and travel. Following the economic reorientation of ‘reason of state’ by Giovanni Botero (1544–1617), such secrets came to include bodies of useful particulars concerning nature and art collected by an expanding personnel of intelligencers. A comparison between various writers describing wide-scale collections, such as Botero, Francis Bacon (1561–1626), Jakob Bornitz (1560–1625) and Matthias Bernegger (1582–1640), reveals that seventeenth-century natural intelligencers across Europe not only were analogous to political intelligencers, but also were sometimes one and the same. Those seeking political prudence cast themselves as miners, prying precious particulars from the recesses of history, experience and disparate disciplines, including mathematics, alchemy and natural philosophy. The seventeenth-century practice of combining searches for secrets of empire, nature and art contests a frequent historiographical divide between empirical science and Tacitism or reason of state. It also points to the ways political cunning shaped the management of information for both politics and the study of nature and art.
Selective flows of knowledge in technoscientific interaction: information control in genome research
Authors: HILGARTNER STEPHEN 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn recent years, the selective flow of knowledge has emerged as an important topic in historical and social studies of science. Related questions about the production of ignorance have also captured attention under the rubric of agnotology. This paper focuses on information control in interaction, examining how actors seek to control the flow of scientific knowledge as they interact with others, either in face-to-face encounters or in modes of communication involving circulating documents, data, materials and other entities containing knowledge. The analysis uses an ethnographic approach to study how actors work to control which knowledge becomes available to whom, when, under what terms and conditions, and with what residual encumbrances. Secrecy, for example, is not framed as an isolated,sui generisphenomenon, nor as one side of a secrecy/openness dichotomy, nor even as a pole on a secrecy/openness continuum. Instead, the analysis explores how actors manage a dialectic of revelation and concealment through which knowledge is selectively made available and unavailable to others, often in the same act. The emphasis on selective revelation highlights partial transfers of knowledge, targeted distribution, matters of timing, and the rights and encumbrances that attach to knowledge at different points in its transit. Examples are drawn from genome research, a field marked by ongoing disputes about modes of information control.
WILLS AS PUBLIC DOCUMENTS – PRIVACY AND PROPERTY RIGHTS
Authors: Jaconelli Joseph 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIt is a long-established legal rule that the contents of a will, once it is admitted to probate, are available for inspection by any member of the public. This article is the first examination of this remarkable rule, its possible rationales, and its attendant disadvantages. Particular attention is paid to the problems of the ensuing loss of privacy. Legislative attempts to limit open access are considered together with non-legislative devices used for the same purpose: the secret trust; and applications for the sealing of a will (a device especially prevalent in the case of royal wills).
THE PUBLIC-PRIVATE DIVIDE IN ENGLISH AND DUTCH LAW: A MULTIFUNCTIONAL AND CONTEXT-DEPENDANT DIVIDE
Authors: Jurgens Gerdy , van Ommeren Frank 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe main thesis of this article is that the public-private divide has to be considered as a multifunctional and context-dependant divide. This thesis is demonstrated by comparing English law and Dutch law. The authors describe two areas in which the divide is relevant: judicial review and the applicability of public law standards including human rights. In both legal systems discussions concerning the private-public divide relate to the transfer of power to private bodies. However, in the Dutch – continental – legal system the label ‘public law’ is used in fewer kinds of cases than in the English legal system. This remarkable finding might be explained by the characterization of the public-private division as multifunctional and context-dependant.
PATERNAL INVESTMENT AND STATUS-RELATED CHILD OUTCOMES: TIMING OF FATHER'S DEATH AFFECTS OFFSPRING SUCCESS
Authors: SHENK MARY K. , SCELZA BROOKE A. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryRecent work in human behavioural ecology has suggested that analyses focusing on early childhood may underestimate the importance of paternal investment to child outcomes since such investment may not become crucial until adolescence or beyond. This may be especially important in societies with a heritable component to status, as later investment by fathers may be more strongly related to a child's adult status than early forms of parental investment that affect child survival and child health. In such circumstances, the death or absence of a father may have profoundly negative effects on the adult outcomes of his children that cannot be easily compensated for by the investment of mothers or other relatives. This proposition is tested using a multigenerational dataset from Bangalore, India, containing information on paternal mortality as well as several child outcomes dependent on parental investment during adolescence and young adulthood. The paper examines the effects of paternal death, and the timing of paternal death, on a child's education, adult income, age at marriage and the amount spent on his or her marriage, along with similar characteristics of spouses. Results indicate that a father's death has a negative impact on child outcomes, and that, in contrast to some findings in the literature on father absence, the effects of paternal death are strongest for children who lose their father in late childhood or adolescence.
Two Decades of Change in Europe: The Emergence of the Social Investment State
Authors: VAN KERSBERGEN KEES , HEMERIJCK ANTON 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSince the late 1970s, the developed welfare states of the European Union have been recasting the policy mix on which their systems of social protection were built. They have adopted a new policy orthodoxy that could be summarised as the ‘social investment strategy’. Here we trace its origins and major developments. The shift is characterised by a move away from passive transfers and towards the maximalisation of employability and employment, but there are significant national distinctions and regime specific trajectories. We discuss some caveats, focusing on the question whether the new policy paradigm has been established at the expense of social policies that mitigate poverty and inequality.
Initial study and design on ignition ellipraum
Authors: Lan Ke , Lai Dongxian , Zhao Yiqing , Li Xin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn initial study and design on ignition elliptical hohlraum (ellipraum) is given by using the expended plasma-filling model with criterions. As a result, in an ellipraum with a smaller ratio of major-to-minor axis (a/b), the radius ratio of ellipraum-to-capsule (b/RC) should be larger (hence more sphere-like) to meet the criterions of plasma-filling and laser deposition, meanwhile the required laser energy and peak power are lower and the coupling between different modes is weaker. To produce a 300 eV radiation pulse to ignite a capsule of 1 mm radius, an ellipraum of a/b = 1.6 and b/Rc = 2.8 is superior to a cylinraum with a length-to-diameter ratio of 1.81 and a cylinraum-to-capsule radius ratio of 2.54 in saving more than 10% laser energy and reducing 50% coupling between different modes.
Brauer algebras of type C are cellularly stratified
Authors: Bowman C. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn a recent paper Cohen, Liu and Yu introduce the Brauer algebra of type C. We show that this algebra is an iterated inflation of hyperoctahedral groups, and that it is cellularly stratified. This allows us to give an indexing set of the standard modules, results on decomposition numbers, and the conditions under which the algebra is quasi-hereditary.
Time-Based Prospective Memory in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: The Involvement of Executive Functions and Time Perception
Authors: Mioni Giovanna , Stablum Franca , McClintock Shawn M. , Cantagallo Anna 
Published: March 2012

AbstractProspective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to perform a future action at a specified later time, which is investigated through the use of event-based and time-based tasks. Prior investigations have found that PM is impaired following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, there is limited information regarding the cognitive functions that mediate TBI and PM performance. Thus, this study investigated time-based PM in TBI patients, and the relationship among time-based PM, time perception, and executive functions. To accomplish this objective, 18 severe TBI patients and 18 healthy matched controls performed a time-based PM task, a time reproduction task, and two executive functions (Stroop and n-back) tasks. While both groups increased their monitoring frequency close to the target time, TBI patients monitored more and were less accurate than healthy controls at the target time confirming the time-based PM dysfunction in these patients. Importantly, executive functions, particularly inhibition and updating abilities, were strongly related to time-based PM performance; both time perception and executive functions are involved in time-based prospective memory in controls, whereas, only executive functions appear to be involved in TBI time-based prospective memory performance. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–9)
Impact of orange juice consumption on macronutrient and energy intakes and body composition in the US population
Authors: Wang Ying , Lloyd Beate , Yang Meng , Davis Catherine G , Lee Sang-Gil , Lee Wutae , Chung Sang-Jin , Chun Ock K 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe present study evaluated the contribution of 100 % orange juice (OJ) consumption to the intakes of macronutrients and energy and its impact on body composition.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted. The main exposure was OJ consumption based on two non-consecutive 24 h diet recalls. Macronutrient and energy intakes and body composition parameters were outcome measures. All statistical analyses were carried out using SAS and SUDAAN statistical software packages to allow for multistage sample designs.SettingThe US population and its subgroups.SubjectsThe US population aged ≥4 years (n13 971) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics.ResultsIn this US population, OJ consumers had lower BMI and healthier lifestyle behaviours (including lower alcohol consumption and smoking as well as higher exercise level) than non-consumers (P< 0·05). After adjusting for covariates, OJ consumers had higher daily intakes of carbohydrate, total sugar, total fat and energy than non-consumers (P< 0·01). However, these linear trends still remained even after OJ was removed from the food list of items consumed. Adult OJ consumers had lower BMI, waist circumference and percentage body fat than non-consumers (P< 0·01), as well as lower odds ratio for overweight and obesity (P< 0·01). These effects were not seen in children and adolescents, where there was no significant difference in BMI, waist circumference and percentage body fat in OJ consumers compared with non-consumers.ConclusionsOJ consumption was associated with healthier body composition in adults; while there were no significant associations between OJ consumption and body composition in children and adolescents.
Comparing the availability, price, variety and quality of fruits and vegetables across retail outlets and by area-level socio-economic position
Authors: Millichamp Anna , Gallegos Danielle 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo explore whether area-level socio-economic position or the form of retail stream (conventionalv. farmers’ market) is associated with differences in the price, availability, variety and quality of a range of fresh fruit and vegetables.DesignA multi-site cross-sectional pilot study of farmers’ markets, supermarkets and independent fruit and vegetable retailers. Each was surveyed to assess the price, availability, variety and quality of fifteen fruit and eighteen vegetable items.SettingRetail outlets were located in south-east Queensland.SubjectsFifteen retail outlets were surveyed (five of each retail stream).ResultsAverage basket prices were not significantly different across the socio-economic spectrum, but prices in low socio-economic areas were cheapest. Availability, variety and quality did not differ significantly across levels of socio-economic position; however, the areas with the most socio-economic disadvantage scored poorest for quality and variety. Supermarkets had significantly better fruit and vegetable availability than farmers’ markets, although price, variety and quality scores were not different across retail streams. Results demonstrate a trend to fruit and vegetable prices being more expensive at farmers’ markets, with the price of the fruit basket being significantly greater at the organic farmers’ market compared with the non-organic farmers’ markets.ConclusionsNeither area-level socio-economic position nor the form of retail stream was significantly associated with differences in the availability, price, variety and quality of fruit and vegetables, except for availability which was higher in supermarkets than farmers’ markets. Further research is needed to determine what role farmers’ markets can play in affecting fruit and vegetable intake.
EFFECT OF INITIAL STRESSES ON INCIDENTqSV-WAVES IN PRE-STRESSED ELASTIC HALF-SPACES
Authors: SINGH S. S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe effect of initial stresses on incident quasiSV-waves at a plane interface between two dissimilar pre-stressed elastic half-spaces is investigated. The reflection and refraction coefficients of the reflected and refractedqSV- andqP-waves are derived with the help of appropriate boundary conditions. The coefficients are found to be functions of the angle of incidence and the initial stresses and incremental elastic parameters of the pre-stressed elastic half-spaces.
DETECTING K-COMPLEXES FOR SLEEP STAGE IDENTIFICATION USING NONSMOOTH OPTIMIZATION
Authors: MOLONEY D. , SUKHORUKOVA N. , VAMPLEW P. , UGON J. , LI G. , BELIAKOV G. , PHILIPPE C. , AMIEL H. , UGON A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe process of sleep stage identification is a labour-intensive task that involves the specialized interpretation of the polysomnographic signals captured from a patient’s overnight sleep session. Automating this task has proven to be challenging for data mining algorithms because of noise, complexity and the extreme size of data. In this paper we apply nonsmooth optimization to extract key features that lead to better accuracy. We develop a specific procedure for identifying K-complexes, a special type of brain wave crucial for distinguishing sleep stages. The procedure contains two steps. We first extract “easily classified” K-complexes, and then apply nonsmooth optimization methods to extract features from the remaining data and refine the results from the first step. Numerical experiments show that this procedure is efficient for detecting K-complexes. It is also found that most classification methods perform significantly better on the extracted features.
A COMPARISON OF CRITICAL TIME DEFINITIONS IN MULTILAYER DIFFUSION
Authors: HICKSON R. I. , BARRY S. I. , SIDHU H. S. , MERCER G. N. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThere are many ways to define how long diffusive processes take, and an appropriate “critical time” is highly dependent on the specific application. In particular, we are interested in diffusive processes through multilayered materials, which have applications to a wide range of areas. Here we perform a comprehensive comparison of six critical time definitions, outlining their strengths, weaknesses, and potential applications. A further four definitions are also briefly considered. Equivalences between appropriate definitions are determined in the asymptotic limit as the number of layers becomes large. Relatively simple approximations are obtained for the critical time definitions. The approximations are more accessible than inverting the analytical solution for time, and surprisingly accurate. The key definitions, their behaviour and approximations are summarized in tables.
ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLANE AND SOLID GEOMETRY
Authors: ARANA ANDREW , MANCOSU PAOLO 
Published: March 2012

Traditional geometry concerns itself with planimetric and stereometric considerations, which are at the root of the division between plane and solid geometry. To raise the issue of the relation between these two areas brings with it a host of different problems that pertain to mathematical practice, epistemology, semantics, ontology, methodology, and logic. In addition, issues of psychology and pedagogy are also important here. To our knowledge there is no single contribution that studies in detail even one of the aforementioned areas.In this paper our major concern is with methodological issues of purity and thus we treat the connection to other areas of the planimetry/stereometry relation only to the extent necessary to articulate the problem area we are after.Our strategy will be as follows. In the first part of the paper we will give a rough sketch of some key episodes in mathematical practice that relate to the interaction between plane and solid geometry. The sketch is given in broad strokes and only with the intent of acquainting the reader with some of the mathematical context against which the problem emerges. In the second part, we will look at a debate (on “fusionism”) in which for the first time methodological and foundational issues related to aspects of the mathematical practice covered in the first part of the paper came to the fore. We conclude this part of the paper by remarking that only through a foundational and philosophical effort could the issues raised by the debate on “fusionism” be made precise. The third part of the paper focuses on a specific case study which has been the subject of such an effort, namely the foundational analysis of the plane version of Desargues’ theorem on homological triangles and its implications for the relationship between plane and solid geometry. Finally, building on the foundational case study analyzed in the third section, we begin in the fourth section the analytic work necessary for exploring various important claims about “purity,” “content,” and other relevant notions.
Reaktionen auf das Hören einer Klangschale
Authors: Thies Wolfgang 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung. Die meiste Literatur über Klangschalen ist praxisorientiert. Es gibt nur wenige wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen. Dieser Aufsatz fasst Ratschläge zur Förderung von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden durch das Hören von Schalenklängen ebenso zusammen wie die berichteten Wirkungen. Die akustischen Eigenschaften von Klangschalen werden kurz dargestellt. Der Verfasser hat einen Hörversuch mit 60 Teilnehmern durchgeführt, denen in Einzelsitzungen eine mittelgroße tibetische Klangschale live vorgespielt wurde. Über Äußerungen der Hörer wird ausführlich berichtet. Die meisten empfanden die Klänge als angenehm wegen des langen Ausklingens, der Schwebungen und der Sanftheit. Die häufigste Wirkung war Entspannung. Eine weitere, weniger auffallende Wirkung war die Förderung der Konzentration.