bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOW EFFECTIVE ARE UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT SANCTIONS? LOOKING BEYOND UNEMPLOYMENT EXIT
Authors: Arni Patrick , Lalive Rafael , Van Ours Jan C. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThis paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of benefit sanctions on post‐unemployment outcomes such as post‐unemployment employment stability and earnings. We use rich register data which allow us to distinguish between a warning that a benefit reduction may take place in the near future and the actual withdrawal of unemployment benefits. Adopting a multivariate mixed proportional hazard approach to address selectivity, we find that warnings do not affect subsequent employment stability but do reduce post‐unemployment earnings. Actual benefit reductions lower the quality of post‐unemployment jobs both in terms of job duration as well as in terms of earnings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expedited analysis of DFT outputs: Introducing moanalyzer
Authors: Delgado‐Jaime Mario Ulises , DeBeer Serena 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMOAnalyzer, a Matlab‐based program, has been developed to facilitate the analysis of density functional theory output files from ORCA. The program allows the user to define fragments within a molecule and then provides information on the contribution of each fragment to the molecular orbitals based on the Loewdin population analysis. Correlations to spectroscopy (X‐ray absorption and X‐ray emission) are also obtained, and the resulting information can be visualized in tables or MO diagrams. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MOVIPAC: Vibrational spectroscopy with a robust meta‐program for massively parallel standard and inverse calculations
Authors: Weymuth Thomas , Haag Moritz P. , Kiewisch Karin , Luber Sandra , Schenk Stephan , Jacob Christoph R. , Herrmann Carmen , Neugebauer Johannes , Reiher Markus 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe present the software package MOVIPAC for calculations of vibrational spectra, namely infrared, Raman, and Raman Optical Activity (ROA) spectra, in a massively parallelized fashion. MOVIPAC unites the latest versions of the programs SNF and AKIRA alongside with a range of helpful add‐ons to analyze and interpret the data obtained in the calculations. With its efficient parallelization and meta‐program design, MOVIPAC focuses in particular on the calculation of vibrational spectra of very large molecules containing on the order of a hundred atoms. For this purpose, it also offers different subsystem approaches such as Mode‐ and Intensity‐Tracking to selectively calculate specific features of the full spectrum. Furthermore, an approximation to the entire spectrum can be obtained using the Cartesian Tensor Transfer Method. We illustrate these capabilities using the example of a large π‐helix consisting of 20 (S)‐alanine residues. In particular, we investigate the ROA spectrum of this structure and compare it to the spectra of α‐ and 310‐helical analogs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
OBGMX: A web‐based generator of GROMACS topologies for molecular and periodic systems using the universal force field
Authors: Garberoglio Giovanni 
Published: June 2012

AbstractOBGMX is a web service providing topologies for the GROMACS molecular dynamics software package according to the Universal Force Field, as implemented in the Open Babel package. OBGMX can deal with molecular and periodic systems. The geometrical parameters appearing in the potential energy functions for the bonded interactions can be set to those measured in the input configuration. The performance of OBGMX in reproducing the structure of periodic systems is analyzed by calculating the root mean‐squared displacements of optimized configurations of a large set of metal–organic frameworks. OBGMX is available at http://software‐lisc.fbk.eu/obgmx/. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Over‐sulfated chondroitin sulfate Derivatives induce osteogenic differentiation of hMSC independent of BMP‐2 and TGF‐β1 signalling
Authors: Büttner Marianne , Möller Stephanie , Keller Mario , Huster Daniel , Schiller Jürgen , Schnabelrauch Matthias , Dieter Peter , Hempel Ute 
Published: June 2012

AbstractNatural glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and chemically modified GAG derivatives are known to support osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). This effect has mainly been described to be mediated by increasing the effectiveness of bone anabolic growth factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) due to the binding and presentation of the growth factor or by modulating its signal transduction pathway. In the present study, the influence of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and two chemically over‐sulfated CS derivatives on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) and on BMP‐2 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) signalling was investigated. Over‐sulfated CS derivatives induced an increase of tissue non‐specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) activity and calcium deposition, whereas collagen synthesis was slightly decreased. The BMP‐2‐induced Smad1/5 activation was inhibited in the presence of over‐sulfated CS derivatives leading to a loss of BMP‐2‐induced TNAP activity and calcium deposition. In contrast, the TGF‐β1‐induced activation of Smad2/3 and collagen synthesis were not affected by the over‐sulfated CS derivatives. BMP‐2 and TGF‐β1 did not activate the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 or mitogen‐activated protein kinase p38 in hMSC. These data suggest that over‐sulfated CS derivatives themselves are able to induce osteogenic differentiation, probably independent of BMP‐2 and TGF‐β1 signalling, and offer therefore an interesting approach for the improvement of bone healing. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 330–340, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cyclooxygenase‐2 up‐regulates CCR7 expression via AKT‐mediated phosphorylation and activation of Sp1 in breast cancer cells
Authors: Chuang Chun‐Wei , Pan Mei‐Ren , Hou Ming‐Feng , Hung Wen‐Chun 
Published: June 2012

AbstractUp‐regulation of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is frequently found in human cancers and is significantly associated with tumor metastasis. Our previous results demonstrate that COX‐2 and its metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulate the expression of CCR7 chemokine receptor via EP2/EP4 receptors to promote lymphatic invasion in breast cancer cells. In this study, we address the underlying mechanism of COX‐2/PGE2‐induced CCR7 expression. We find that COX‐2/PGE2 increase CCR7 expression via the AKT signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. Promoter deletion and mutation assays identify the Sp1 site located at the −60/−57 region of CCR7 gene promoter is critical for stimulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay confirms that in vivo binding of Sp1 to human CCR7 promoter is increased by COX‐2 and PGE2. Knockdown of Sp1 by shRNA reduces the induction of CCR7 by PGE2. We demonstrate for the first time that AKT may directly phosphorylate Sp1 at S42, T679, and S698. Phosphorylation‐mimic Sp1 protein harboring S42D, T679D, and S698D mutation strongly activates CCR7 expression. In contrast, change of these three residues to alanine completely blocks the induction of CCR7 by PGE2. Pathological investigation demonstrates that CCR7 expression is strongly associated with phospho‐AKT and Sp1 in 120 breast cancer tissues. Collectively, our results demonstrate that COX‐2 up‐regulates CCR7 expression via AKT‐mediated phosphorylation and activation of Sp1 and this pathway is highly activated in metastatic breast cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 341–348, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preeclampsia‐associated stresses activate Gadd45a signaling and sFlt‐1 in placental explants
Authors: Xiong Yali , Liebermann Dan A. , Holtzman Eliezer J. , Jeronis Stacey , Hoffman Barbara , Geifman‐Holtzman Ossie 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that placental stresses during pregnancy can play an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. A common signal pathway that senses and converts placental stresses into intracellular stress response may be contributing to this pathology. Based on our previous findings, we extended our investigation to establish that Gadd45a stress signaling regulates sFlt‐1 levels, particularly in placenta, when exposed to various preeclampsia‐associated stresses including AT‐1 receptor agonist (Angiotensin II), hypoxia, and inflammatory cytokines. Using a placental explant model, we found that Gadd45a was induced in response to all the preeclampsia stresses stated above. Although stress induced Gadd45a was associated with the activation of its downstream effectors phospho‐p38 and phospho‐JNK, the subsequent regulation of sFlt‐1 levels occurred through either one of these effectors, but not both. These observations indicate that Gadd45a signaling may work as a hub connecting placental stresses and the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. It also provides evidence to justify testing the role of Gadd45 in the etiology of preeclampsia using in vivo mouse (i.e., Gadd45a null mice) models. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 362–370, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impaired pulmonary defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in VEGF gene inactivated mouse lung
Authors: Breen Ellen C. , Malloy Jaret L. , Tang Kechun , Xia Feng , Fu Zhenxing , Hancock Robert E.W. , Overhage Joerg , Wagner Peter D. , Spragg Roger G. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRepeated bacterial and viral infections are known to contribute to worsening lung function in several respiratory diseases, including asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Previous studies have reported alveolar wall cell apoptosis and parenchymal damage in adult pulmonary VEGF gene ablated mice. We hypothesized that VEGF expressed by type II cells is also necessary to provide an effective host defense against bacteria in part by maintaining surfactant homeostasis. Therefore, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) levels were evaluated in mice following lung‐targeted VEGF gene inactivation, and alterations in VEGF‐dependent type II cell function were evaluated by measuring surfactant homeostasis in mouse lungs and isolated type II cells. In VEGF‐deficient lungs increased PAO1 levels and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL‐6, were detected 24 h after bacterial instillation compared to control lungs. In vivo lung‐targeted VEGF gene deletion (57% decrease in total pulmonary VEGF) did not alter alveolar surfactant or tissue disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) levels. However, sphingomyelin content, choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase (CCT) mRNA, and SP‐D expression were decreased. In isolated type II cells an 80% reduction of VEGF protein resulted in decreases in total phospholipids (PL), DSPC, DSPC synthesis, surfactant associated proteins (SP)‐B and ‐D, and the lipid transporters, ABCA1 and Rab3D. TPA‐induced DSPC secretion and apoptosis were elevated in VEGF‐deficient type II cells. These results suggest a potential protective role for type II cell‐expressed VEGF against bacterial initiated infection. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 371–379, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HGF regulates the activation of TGF‐β1 in rat hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Narmada Balakrishnan Chakrapani , Chia Ser‐Mien , Tucker‐Kellogg Lisa , Yu Hanry 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHepatocyte growth factor (HGF) ameliorates experimental liver fibrosis through many mechanisms, including degradation of accumulated collagen and decreased expression of fibrotic genes. Investigating an upstream mechanism in which HGF could decrease many fibrotic effectors, we asked whether HGF regulates activation of the fibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1). Specifically, we tested whether HGF decreases the levels of active TGF‐β1, and whether such decrease depends on the predominantly hepatocyte‐secreted protease plasmin, and whether it depends on the TGF‐β1 activator thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1). With hepatocyte monocultures, we found HGF‐induced hepatocyte proliferation did increase total levels of plasmin, while decreasing gene expression of fibrotic markers (PAI‐1, TGF‐β1, and TIMP‐2). With in vitro models of fibrotic liver (HSC‐T6 hepatic stellate cells, or co‐cultures of HSC‐T6 and hepatocytes), we found high levels of fibrosis‐associated proteins such as TSP‐1, active TGF‐β1, and Collagen I. HGF treatment on these fibrotic cultures stimulated plasmin levels; increased TSP‐1 protein cleavage; and decreased the levels of active TGF‐β1 and Collagen I. When plasmin was blocked by the inhibitor aprotinin, HGF could no longer decrease TGF‐β1 activation and Collagen I. Meanwhile, the TSP‐1‐specific peptide inhibitor, LSKL, reduced TGF‐β1 to the same level as in the HGF‐treated cultures; combining LSKL and HGF treatments caused no further decrease, suggesting that HGF affects the TSP‐1 dependent pathway of TGF‐β1 activation. Therefore, HGF can decrease TGF‐β1 activation and TGF‐β1‐dependent fibrotic markers, by stimulating hepatocytes to produce plasmin, and by antagonizing TSP‐1‐dependent activation of TGF‐β1. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 393–401, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment of wastewater from acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) resin manufacturing by biological activated carbon (BAC)
Authors: Lai Bo , Zhou Yuexi , Yang Ping 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground: The wastewater originating from the production of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) resin is a toxic and refractory industrial wastewater. The purpose of this work is to investigate the characteristics of adsorption and biodegradation of biological activated carbon (BAC) for ABS resin wastewater.Results: More than 80% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and organic nitrogen (Org‐N) was removed after the 100th run in BAC with the help of bioregeneration, and the treatment efficiency of BAC was higher than that of adsorption and biodegradation alone. The initial Org‐N was mainly transformed into NH4+‐N, and the transform efficiency reached 65% after the 100th run. After bioregeneration, the COD and TOC removal efficiencies of BAC reactor reached 88.97% and 86.26%, respectively. The BAC had different bioregeneration efficiencies of 94.41, 64.82, 61.05 and 40.04% for 3, 3‐imminodipropiononitrile, 3, 3‐oxydipropiononitrile, α, α‐dimethyl‐benzylalcohol and acetophenone, respectively, which mainly resulted from the different polarity of the compounds.Conclusion: BAC could protect microorganisms from shock loadings of toxic, refractory and complicated ABS resin wastewater. The mechanism of the organic pollutants removal by BAC consisted of three phases including adsorption, bioregeneration and stability. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Extraction and recovery of pectic fragments from citrus processing waste for co–production with ethanol
Authors: Grohman Karel , Cameron Randall , Kim Yang , Widmer Wilbur , Luzio Gary 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Approximately 0.7 − 1 × 106 dry tons of citrus processing waste (CPW) are produced annually in the United States. CPW is sold as animal feed but often the financial return does not exceed the production cost. Polysaccharides comprise 40% of the total dry matter of which pectin is the major component. CPW was steam treated to extract pectin fragments (PFs) as a value added co–product prior to fermentation of other sugars for biofuels production.RESULTS: PFs were extracted in high yields, along with polymeric arabinans, galactans and arabinogalactans. The extracted polysaccharides ranged in size from small oligomers to polymers of ∼700 000 g mol−1. Acidified treatments led to greater fragmentation of water soluble polysaccharides, but did not enhance fragmentation of pectins to small oligomers (> 30 mer). Methylesterified PFs, arabinans and galactans were recovered by ethanol precipitation while demethylesterified PFs were recovered and purified by precipitation with dilute HCl.CONCLUSION: Steam treatment of CPW provides for rapid, efficient fragmentation of protopectin into highly methylesterified PFs that could be recovered by precipitation. The steaming process for preparation of PFs is environmentally friendly. No toxic chemicals are introduced and the remaining CPW can be used in fermentations to produce ethanol and other compounds. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Persistence of endodontic methacrylate‐based cement residues on dentin adhesive surface treated with different chemical removal protocols
Authors: Kuga Milton Carlos , Só Marcus Vinicius Reis , De Campos Edson Alves , Faria Gisele , Keine Kátia Cristina , Dantas Andrea Abi Rached , Faria‐ Norberto Batista 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the persistence of methacrylate‐based cement residues on the dentin, after dentin surface cleaning with ethanol or acetone, with or without previous application of a dentin adhesive. Forty bovine crown fragments were obtained and the dentin surface was washed with 1.0 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), followed by 0.1 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid application for 3 min, and final irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl. The specimens were air dried and resin‐based cement was rubbed onto the dentine surface with a microbrush applicator. In 20 specimens, previously to cement, a dentin adhesive was applied in all surfaces. After 15 min, the surface was scrubbed with a cotton pellet and moistened with ethanol or acetone, compounding the following groups: G1—99.5% ethanol and G2—acetone, without previous use of dentin adhesive; G3—99.5% ethanol and G4—acetone, with previous use of dentin adhesive. The dentin surface was scrubbed until the cement residues could not be visually detected. Sections were then processed for scanning electron microscopy and evaluated at 500× magnification and scores were attributed to each image according to the area covered by residual sealer, and data were subjected to Kruskal–Wallis at 5% significance. The lower residue presence was observed in G3 (P = 0.005). All surface presented cement residues when acetone was used as cleaning solution (P = 0.0005). The cleaning solutions were unable to completely remove the cement residues from both surfaces. The ethanol used after previous application of the dentin adhesive promoted the lower presence of residues. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanoscale imaging of morphological changes of umbilical cord in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Kim Kyung Sook , Kim Young‐Sun , Lim Jin Ik , Jung Min Hyung , Park Hun‐Kuk 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIt is known that pre‐eclampsia affects the structure of the umbilical cord including changes in diameter and wall thickness. In this work, the morphological changes of umbilical cords associated with pre‐eclampsia were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The SEM images showed the overall structural changes in the umbilical cord, and the AFM imaged the surface of the cord in the nanometer range. The amount of Wharton's jelly was reduced in the cords of pre‐eclampsia patients and it was holed along the boundary. Compared to a normal pregnancy, the surface of a pre‐eclampsia cord was relatively smooth. In all components (Wharton's jelly, veins, and arteries), the values for surface roughness, Sa (average value of the roughness), Sq (root mean square), and Sz (peak to peak value), were smaller than those of the control (P < 0.05). Especially, the values for Sa of veins were ∼fourfold less than those of the controls (P < 0.05). In pre‐eclamptic cords, the amount of elastin in veins was increased while that of the artery was decreased. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Examining the Role of Similarity Coefficients and the Value of Behavioural Themes in Attempts to Link Serial Arson Offences
Authors: Ellingwood Holly , Mugford Rebecca , Bennell Craig , Melnyk Tamara , Fritzon Katarina 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWhen relying on crime scene behaviours to link serial crimes, linking accuracy may be influenced by the measure used to assess across‐crime similarity and the types of behaviours included in the analysis. To examine these issues, the present study compared the level of linking accuracy achieved by using the simple matching index (S) to that of the commonly used Jaccard's coefficient (J) across themes of arson behaviour. The data consisted of 42 crime scene behaviours, separated into three behavioural themes, which were exhibited by 37 offenders across 114 solved arsons. The results of logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis indicate that, with the exception of one theme where S was more effective than J at discriminating between linked and unlinked crimes, no significant differences emerged between the two similarity measures. In addition, our results suggest that thematically unrelated behaviours can be used to link crimes with the same degree of accuracy as thematically related behaviours, potentially calling into the question the importance of theme‐based approaches to behavioural linkage analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dnmt3a regulates both proliferation and differentiation of mouse neural stem cells
Authors: Wu Zhourui , Huang Kevin , Yu Juehua , Le Thuc , Namihira Masakasu , Liu Yupeng , Zhang Jun , Xue Zhigang , Cheng Liming , Fan Guoping 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDNA methylation is known to regulate cell differentiation and neuronal function in vivo. Here we examined whether deficiency of a de novo DNA methyltransferase, Dnmt3a, affects in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to neuronal and glial cell lineages. Early‐passage neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from Dnmt3a‐deficient ESCs exhibited a moderate phenotype in precocious glial differentiation compared with wild‐type counterparts. However, successive passaging to passage 6 (P6), when wild‐type NSCs become gliogenic, revealed a robust phenotype of precocious astrocyte and oligodendrocyte differentiation in Dnmt3a−/− NSCs, consistent with our previous findings in the more severely hypomethylated Dnmt1−/− NSCs. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that total levels of methylcytosine in Dnmt3a−/− NSCs at P6 were globally hypomethylated. Moreover, the Dnmt3a−/− NSC proliferation rate was significantly increased compared with control from P6 onward. Thus, our work revealed a novel role for Dnmt3a in regulating both the timing of neural cell differentiation and the cell proliferation in the paradigm of mESC‐derived‐NSCs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.