bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instrument‐order effects: using the Oral Health Impact Profile 49 and the Short Form 12
Authors: Kieffer Jacobien Marije , Verrips Gijsbert Hendrik Willem , Hoogstraten Johan 
Published: January 2011

Kieffer JM, Verrips GHW, Hoogstraten J. Instrument‐order effects: using the Oral Health Impact Profile 49 and the Short Form 12.

Eur J Oral Sci 2011; 119: 69–72. © 2011 Eur J Oral Sci Whereas it is well known that the ordering of items can influence research outcomes considerably, very little literature addresses instrument‐order effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of changing the administrative order of the Short‐Form‐12 (SF‐12) and the Oral Health Impact Profile‐49 (OHIP‐49). It was hypothesized that if the SF‐12 was administered first, the results would show poorer scores on the SF‐12 subscales, as responses would not be restrained to only the oral impacts described by the OHIP‐49. Using the Mann–Whitney U‐test no significant instrument‐order effects were found, except for the Psychological discomfort scale of the OHIP‐49, where subjects scored higher when receiving the OHIP‐49 first. However, the effect size was negligible (−0.08). These results suggest that no instrument‐order effects occurred. Nonetheless, more research dealing with different instruments is needed. This study was performed within a dental setting and we recommend that instrument‐order effects should be studied outside this domain.
The Pro‐Inflammatory Role of Adiponectin at the Maternal–Fetal Interface
Authors: McDonald Emily A. , Wolfe Michael W. 
Published: January 2011

Citation  McDonald EA, Wolfe MW. The pro‐inflammatory role of adiponectin at the maternal–fetal interface. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66: 128–136Problem  A successful pregnancy is contingent on maternal tolerance of the immunologically foreign fetus. Prevalent diseases such as preeclampsia arise in part due to an inappropriate immune response by the placenta. A number of molecules have been proposed to temper cellular response to pro‐inflammatory mediators, including CD24 and Siglec10.Methods  Cytotrophoblast cells from healthy term placentas were treated with adiponectin in vitro and analyzed with qPCR and ELISA‐based assays. Immunohistochemistry was performed on term villous sections and cultured trophoblasts.Results  Treatment with adiponectin increased expression of IL‐1β and IL‐8. Term villi express CD24 in cytotrophoblasts and the syncytiotrophoblast, and Siglec10 by the syncytiotrophoblast. Treatment of trophoblast cells with adiponectin increased Siglec10 expression.Conclusion  These data describe a role for adiponectin in enhancing pro‐inflammatory signals in in vitro syncytialized trophoblasts. Additionally, this represents the first time the CD24/Siglec10 pathway has been implicated in a trophoblast response to a pro‐inflammatory mediator.
ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION OF HEMPSEED OIL
Authors: LIN JIN‐YING , ZENG QING‐XIAO , AN QI , ZENG QING‐ZHU , JIAN LI‐XIA , ZHU ZHI‐WEI 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTIn the present study, the use of ultrasonic conditions for the extraction of oil from hempseeds was investigated. The results show that ultrasonic extraction (UE) requires a shorter operating time and results in less solvent consumption than solvent extraction (SE). The optimal conditions for UE are as follows: power output: 200 W; exposure time: 25 min; acting on–off ratio: 20:20 (s/s); and solvent‐to‐solid ratio: 7:1 (v/w). The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the composition of the hempseed oil that is extracted is not significantly (P ≤ 0.05), if at all, affected by UE. Additionally, the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryhydrazyl scavenging activity during the UE is 13.5% higher than that obtained under SE in this test. Hempseed oil that is extracted by UE has a higher ultraviolet‐absorbing capacity than the oil obtained by SE. These tests indicate that UE may be a new, acceptable and even potentially superior commercial oil extraction process for preserving the naturally occurring content of bioactive components that are found within the oil.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIn this investigation, we found that hempseed oil extracted using ultrasonic‐assisted techniques has unique ultraviolet‐absorbing properties and better 2,2‐diphenyl‐l‐picryhydrazyl radical‐scavenging activity when compared with oil obtained by solvent extraction. It can be concluded that ultrasonic‐assisted extraction is a potential method for producing better hempseed oil for food and cosmetic applications.
Anion secretion by a model epithelium: more lessons from Calu‐3
Authors: Shan J. , Huang J. , Liao J. , Robert R. , Hanrahan J. W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAnion transport drives fluid into the airways and is essential for humidifying inspired air and supplying surface liquid for mucociliary transport. Despite the importance of airway secretion in diseases such as cystic fibrosis, the cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood, in part due to the small size and complicated structure of the submucosal glands that produce most of the fluid. The Calu‐3 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line has become a popular model for studying airway secretion because it can be cultured as a flat sheet, expresses the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and several acinar cell markers, forms polarized monolayers with tight junctions, has robust cAMP‐stimulated anion transport, and responds to secretagogues that regulate the glands in vivo. However, some properties of Calu‐3 cells are less consistent with those of native tissue. In particular, Calu‐3 monolayers do not secrete chloride when stimulated by forskolin under short‐circuit conditions. Bicarbonate ions are thought to carry the short‐circuit current (Isc) and the drive secretion of alkaline fluid, in contrast to the neutral pH secretions that are produced by submucosal glands. Calu‐3 cells also have abnormal chromosomes and characteristics of both serous and mucus cells. In this article, we discuss Calu‐3 as a model in light of our ongoing studies, which suggest that Calu‐3 monolayers resemble submucosal glands more closely than was previously thought. For example, we find that net HCO3− flux fully accounts for Isc as previously suggested but Cl− is the main anion transported under physiological conditions. A novel, HCO3−‐dependent mechanism of Cl− transport is emerging which may explain secretion by Calu‐3 and perhaps other epithelial cells.
Assessment of the short‐term systemic effect of and acute phase response to mulesing and other options for controlling breech flystrike in Merino lambs
Authors: Lepherd ML , Canfield PJ , Hunt GB , Thomson PC , Bosward KL 
Published: January 2011

Background  Mulesing is an important method of preventing flystrike of Merino sheep in Australia, but because there are important short‐term welfare issues associated with mulesing, alternative methods of removing the skin folds for breech flystrike prevention are being investigated.Objective  To examine the short‐term systemic effects of mulesing and two proposed alternatives, compared with two control methods, for controlling breech flystrike.Method  The five treatment groups comprised 10 lambs each: (1) mulesing, (2) intradermal‐cetrimide treatment, (3) clip application, (4) tail docking only and (5) no treatment. Changes in body weight, haematological and biochemical profiles, and concentrations of fibrinogen, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A were measured repeatedly for 29 days post treatment.Results  The mulesing and intradermal‐cetrimide groups were the only treatment groups to lose weight during the first week, with greater weight loss in the mulesing group. The mulesing group had the most marked increases in all three acute‐phase protein concentrations, closely followed by the intradermal‐cetrimide group, with a mild increase observed for the clip group and even less for the tail‐docked group. The mulesing group was the only group to develop mild anaemia, transient hyperglycaemia and a persistent decreased albumin : globulin ratio. The neutrophil : lymphocyte ratio was above the upper reference limit for both the mulesing and intradermal‐cetrimide groups.Conclusion  Mulesing had the greatest systemic effect in terms of the magnitude and duration of increased acute‐phase protein concentrations and haematological, biochemical and body weight changes. The clips had a significantly reduced systemic effect compared with mulesing, with the intradermal‐cetrimide treatment in between the two. Tail docking had a minimal systemic effect.
Coupling of Climate Change and Biotic UV Exposure Through Changing Snow‐Ice Covers in Terrestrial Habitats¶
Authors: Cockell Charles S. , Córdoba‐Jabonero Carmen 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTDuring the spring, when ozone depletion at the polar regions is at its maximum and consequently the environmental UV exposure is potentially high, many terrestrial communities are covered in snow and heterogeneous snow‐encrusted ice that form near the edges of snowpack. Using field measurements and a theoretical radiative transfer model, we calculated the thicknesses of these covers that are necessary to reduce DNA‐weighted dose to levels equal to or lower than those received later in the season in the absence of covers when there is no ozone depletion. This depth is approximately 4 cm for a 60% depletion of the ozone column, suggesting that even thin snow‐ice covers are enough to completely cancel the biological effects of ozone depletion. Loss of snow‐ice covers during early summer can be rapid. The maximum rate of retreat of snow cover measured during November at Mars Oasis, Antarctica (71.9°S, 68.2°W), was 44.1 cm/day, with a mean retreat of 15.4 cm/day. Climate warming might increase UV‐radiation damage by melting UV‐protecting terrestrial snow‐ice covers earlier in the season, when ozone depletion is more severe. Conversely, climate cooling could increase UV‐protection afforded to terrestrial communities by increasing the extent of snow and ice covers. Even if anthropogenic ozone depletion is eventually reversed, these data suggest the importance of climate forcing in determining UV exposures of terrestrial microbial communities in snow‐ and ice‐covered environments.
Fluorescence Lifetimes and Spectral Properties of Protochlorophyllide in Organic Solvents in Relation to the Respective Parameters In Vivo¶
Authors: Myśliwa‐Kurdziel Beata , Kruk Jerzy , Strzalka Kazimierz 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTIn this work, absorption and fluorescence spectra of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide), as well as its fluorescence lifetime, were investigated in organic solvents having different physical properties. The obtained Pchlide spectral features are discussed in relation to the parameters describing solvent properties (refractive index and dielectric constant) and taking into account the specific solvent‐Pchlide interaction. The correlation of Pchlide Qy and Soret absorption bands with solvent polarizability function ((n2 ‐ 1)/(n2 + 2)) has been found; however, the dispersion of the observed points was rather high. A small Stokes shift of a magnitude between 50 and 300 cm1 was found, which indicates low sensitivity of Pchlide to nonspecific solvation. The fluorescence decay of Pchlide was single exponential in all the investigated solvents, with the lifetime value ranging from 5.2 ns for dioxane to 3.5 ns for methanol. Dependence of the obtained fluorescence lifetimes on the solvent orientation polarizability, a parameter being the function of both refractive index and dielectric constant, was discussed. In water‐methanol mixtures, a further decrease of the fluorescence lifetime was observed, giving values of 2.9 ns for 25% methanol. Double‐exponential decay of Pchlide fluorescence was found for Pchlide in a solution of 15% methanol with the lifetimes of 4.5 ± 0.5 ns and 1.2 ± 0.3 ns and in pure water with the lifetimes of 2.5 ± 0.5 ns and 0.4 ± 0.1 ns. The obtained results are discussed in relation to spectroscopic properties of Pchlide in vivo.
Inhibitory Effect of Heat Shock Protein 70 on Apoptosis Induced by Photodynamic Therapy In Vitro¶
Authors: Nonaka Mihoko , Ikeda Hisazumi , Inokuchi Tsugio 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTWe examined the apoptotic effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in leukemia cells (HL60) and lymphoma cells (Raji). Moreover, we also investigated the relationship of apoptosis induced by PDT to heat shock protein (HSP) expression. To induce 80% of cell death by PDT, HL60 cells required 6 μg/mL and Raji cells required 9 μg/mL of Photofrin®. PDT induced apoptosis in 77.2% of HL60 and in 0.4% of Raji at lethal dose (LD80) conditions. The cell line in which apoptosis is predisposed may be more susceptible to PDT compared with the cell line in which necrosis is predisposed. Furthermore, HSP‐70 was expressed constitutively in Raji cells but not in HL60 cells. Heat treatment of HL60 cells induced expression of HSP‐70 and resulted in significant reduction of PDT‐mediated apoptosis. From the results of this experiment, it is suggestive that HSP‐70 contributes to inhibition of apoptosis mediated by PDT.
Oxygen Triggering Reversible Modulation of Vibrio fischeri Strain Y1 Bioluminescence In Vivo¶
Authors: Karatani Hajime , Yoshizawa Susumu , Hirayama Satoshi 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTYellow‐emitting Vibrio fischeri Y1 modulates its bioluminescence (BL) depending on the dissolved O2 concentration. On supplying O2 to the cells under anaerobiosis, the cells begin to emit striking yellow BL peaking around 535 nm. The enhanced yellow emission reverts reversibly to the original level after O2 is consumed. Moreover, the reversible rise and fall of the yellow emission occurs repeatedly in accord with the repeating cycles of aeration on and off. This indicates that an increase in the cellular amount of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is not an immediate cause of the yellow emission enhancement. One suggested explanation is that the activity of YFP originating from its highly fluorescent property is altered by redox interaction with the respiratory components, including the soluble cytochrome c. Under the O2‐limited conditions, the cellular YFP molecules, in part, seem to lose the fluorescent property possibly because of being reduced via redox interaction with some respiratory components in reduced form. On stimulating aerobic respiration with O2 supply, the reduced YFP seems to retrieve its fluorescent property via oxidation possibly with both O2, diffused across the cell membrane, and ferricytochrome c, generated during the respiratory turnover. The suggested redox interactions seem primarily to cause the reversible BL modulation.
Estimating the variance of male fecundity from genotypes of progeny arrays: evaluation of the Bayesian forward approach
Authors: Klein Etienne K. , Carpentier Florence H. , Oddou‐Muratorio Sylvie 
Published: January 2011

Summary 1. Characterizing fine scale mating patterns in plant populations makes it possible to investigate genetic drift, gene flow and selection gradients at a contemporary time scale. Molecular markers are valuable tools for this type of analysis, and numerous statistical methods have been developed to make the best of the information they can provide. In particular, we recently proposed a Bayesian approach based on a paternity analysis wherein we estimate jointly the variance in male fecundity and the pollen dispersal kernel. 2. Here, we use simulated data sets to investigate the accuracy of the Bayesian approach compared to (i) classical maximum likelihood approaches (e.g. Neighbourhood model) that ignore variance in male fecundity or explain it through a few covariates and (ii) indirect methods (KinDist and TwoGener) that integrate the variance in fecundity in an ‘effective population density’. 3. The Bayesian estimates correctly considered the over‐dispersion resulting from the variance in fecundity, resulting in wider but more accurate confidence intervals, in particular in high‐density populations. The maximum likelihood methods resulted in confidence intervals with low coverage probabilities and in widespread false‐positive tests when testing the effect of covariates on male fecundity. 4. Estimated individual fecundities and estimated empirical variance in fecundity were robust to the distribution assumed for the individual random fecundities (log‐normal or Gamma). In contrast, the theoretical variance estimate critically depended on the assumed distribution. 5. The indirect methods provided much more variable estimators, as expected because they use less information about pollen sources and consider the molecular information only through genetic structure indices. 6. Disentangling the fecundity from the spatial effects in paternity analyses is necessary when studying selection in natura and or when addressing the effects of spatial distribution on effective gene flow. The Bayesian approach studied here successfully accounts for the variance in fecundity when a large fraction of it is not explained by the studied covariates. The Mixed Effect Mating Model computer program introduced here is devoted to its implementation.
Does it matter which platelet‐rich plasma we use?
Authors: McLellan J. , Plevin S. 
Published: January 2011

SummarySeveral commercial devices are available to the equine practitioner for preparation of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). PRP is a ‘catch all’ term for a multitude of platelet concentrates (PC) with different biological components and properties. Case reports often fail to cite the exact type of PC used. A critical analysis of the available evidence on the clinical significance of differences between platelet concentrates is presented in an attempt to determine if one commercially available product is superior to the others.
Assessment of the Code “PTCREEP” for IPHWR Pressure Tube Ballooning Study
Authors: Majumdar P. , Chatterjee B. , Nandan G. , Mukhopadhyay D. , Lele H. G. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
In Indian pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR), loss of coolant accident with simultaneous failure of emergency core cooling system can lead to significant temperature rise in the pressure tube (PT) with the system internal pressure varying from 9 MPa to 0.1 MPa during the event. This high temperature can cause metallurgical and geometrical changes in the PT. PT would deform plastically due to internal pressure and fuel weight. A computer code “PTCREEP” based on physical models was developed to simulate the ballooning deformation expected during the channel heatup condition under internal pressure. This paper presents the assessment of the code PTCREEP against the set of experiments conducted with PT material used in Indian PHWRs.
Comparison of Nine Phenotypic Methods for Detection of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Production by Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Garrec Hélène , Drieux-Rouzet Laurence , Golmard Jean-Louis , Jarlier Vincent , Robert Jérôme 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

The detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) bacteria is of importance for infection control and epidemiological surveillance. We aimed to compare phenotypic methods available in the routine laboratory and to evaluate two-step strategies using these methods for the detection of ESBL-positive
Enterobacteriaceae
. Two methods used for routine susceptibility testing (Vitek2 and disk diffusion methods) and seven methods designed for the detection of ESBL production (ESBL Etests, combination disks, double-disk synergy [DDS] methods on Mueller-Hinton [MH] agar and cloxacillin-containing MH agar, and the Cica-Beta test) were tested against 107 strains of
Enterobacteriaceae
not susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. All strains were screened for the presence of acquired ESBL-encoding genes by PCR, and the PCR result was considered the gold standard for evaluation of the other test methods. Among the 107 strains, 52 (49%) were ESBL positive. With Vitek2, sensitivities were the highest when using extended cards (73% to 79%), but 25% to 31% of the strains yielded indeterminate results. For the disk diffusion method, sensitivities were the highest (96%) when testing at least cefotaxime, cefepime, and a third compound (ceftazidime, cefpodoxime, or aztreonam). For the specific methods, specificities ranged from 62% (ceftazidime ESBL Etest) to 100% (DDS using a disk spacing of 20 mm). When a method designed for ESBL detection was used on strains considered ESBL negative or with an indeterminate result by a first routine susceptibility method, sensitivities reached 100% for a majority of combinations. In conclusion, two-step strategies using phenotypic methods available in most clinical laboratories may reach a sensitivity of 100% for ESBL detection among a large panel of species, including AmpC producers, providing a sensible choice of tests.
rapidSTRIPE H1N1 Test for Detection of the Pandemic Swine Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus
Authors: Patel Pranav , Graser Elmara , Robst Stephan , Hillert Roger , Meye Axel , Hillebrand Timo , Niedrig Matthias 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT
The rapidSTRIPE H1N1 test, based on a nucleic acid lateral-flow assay, has been developed for diagnosis of a swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus. This test is simple and cost-effective and allows specific detection of the S-OIV A (H1N1) virus from swab sampling to final detection on a lateral-flow stripe within 2 to 3 h.
Effect of B-Cell Depletion on Coreceptor Switching in R5 Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Tasca Silvana , Zhuang Ke , Gettie Agegnehu , Knight Heather , Blanchard James , Westmoreland Susan , Cheng-Mayer Cecilia 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

We recently described a coreceptor switch in rapid progressor (RP) R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus SF162P3N (SHIV
SF162P3N
)-infected rhesus macaques that had high virus replication and undetectable or weak and transient antiviral antibody response (S. H. Ho et al., J. Virol.
81:
8621-8633, 2007; S. H. Ho, N. Trunova, A. Gettie, J. Blanchard, and C. Cheng-Mayer, J. Virol.
82:
5653-5656, 2008; and W. Ren et al., J. Virol.
84:
340-351, 2010). The lack of antibody selective pressure, together with the observation that the emerging X4 variants were neutralization sensitive, suggested that the absence or weakening of the virus-specific humoral immune response could be an environmental factor fostering coreceptor switching
in vivo
. To test this possibility, we treated four macaques with 50 mg/kg of body weight of the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab every 2 to 3 weeks starting from the week prior to intravenous infection with SHIV
SF162P3N
for a total of six infusions. Rituximab treatment successfully depleted peripheral and lymphoid CD20
+
cells for up to 25 weeks according to flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining, with partial to full recovery in two of the four treated monkeys thereafter. Three of the four treated macaques failed to mount a detectable anti-SHIV antibody response, while the response was delayed in the remaining animal. The three seronegative macaques progressed to disease, but in none of them could the presence of X4 variants be demonstrated by V3 sequence and tropism analyses. Furthermore, viruses did not evolve early in these diseased macaques to be more soluble CD4 sensitive. These results demonstrate that the absence or diminution of humoral immune responses by itself is insufficient to drive the R5-to-X4 switch and the neutralization susceptibility of the evolving viruses.