bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying Relationship between Organizational Justice and Employees' Performance Case study: Damloran Pharmaceutical Company in Borojerd, Iran
Authors: Mehrabi Javad , Javadi Mohammad Hossein Moshref , Charmian Ahmad , Zadeh Nasim Darvish , Tanhaei Mohammad Hasan 
Published: April 2012

Objective of the study: The present survey studies relationship between organizational justice and employees' performance in one of the pharmaceutical companies of Borojerd township in Iran.Tools and methods: Organizational justice has been analyzed in this survey with three dimensions of distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice and employees' performance has been considered with two indexes of effectiveness and efficiency. Statistical population of the survey included one-hundred seventy nine (179) persons of Damloran–Razak Pharmaceutical Company in Borojerd Township. Number of the sample was calculated equal to one-hundred twenty three (123) employees and thirty three (33) managers. Sampling was conducted through classified random method. Data analysis was accomplished using correlation test, Kolmogoroff-Smirnoff and binomial test.Findings: according to the research results, there was not any positive and significant relationship between organizational justice and employees' performance.Conclusion: factors of distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice and generally organizational justice haven't been in a desirable status in the organization under study. This may have plausible results for the organization in the long-term. Therefore, all organizations generally and Damloran-Razak Pharmaceutical Company specially must do their best to reinforce the process of justice in distribution of consequences, procedures and social interactions.
WEFTA Interlaboratory Comparison on Total Lipid Determination in Fishery Products Using the Smedes Method
Authors: Karl Horst , Oehlenschläger Jörg , Bekaert Karen , Bergé Jean-Pascal , Cadun Asli , Duflos Guillaume , Poli Bianca Maria , Tejada Margarita , Testi Silvia , Timm-Heinrich Maike 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Lipid determination by the Smedes method was tested in an interlaboratory trial performed by nine laboratories from seven countries belonging to the West European Fish Technologists Association Analytical Methods Working Group. Five samples of fish and fishery products with different lipid contents, including two blind duplicates, were distributed among the participants. All laboratories applied a slightly modified Smedes method, which included extraction of lipids by cyclohexane and isopropanol, transfer of lipids to the cyclohexane phase by addition of water, phase separation by centrifugation, and gravimetric lipid determination. The results indicate that the RSD for reproducibility (RSDR) was between 4.11 and 6.31% for samples with moderate (7%) and high (14%) lipid content, depending on the sample. Larger SDs among the laboratories were obtained for a cod sample with low lipid content of 0.5%. The method is judged to be suitable as a routine method for lipid determination in fish and fishery products.
Rapid Method for the Determination of Vitamins A and E in Foods Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Shim You -Shin , Kim Ki-Jin , Seo Dongwon , Ito Masahito , Nakagawa Hiroaki , Ha Jaeho 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
A rapid and novel ultra-HPLC (u-HPLC) method for the determination of vitamins A (retinol) and E (α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol) in foods was validated in terms of its precision, accuracy, and linearity. The u-HPLC separation was performed on an RP C18 column (particle size 2 μm, id 2 mm, and length 75 mm), followed by fluorescence detection. The recovery of retinol was more than 84.58%; the LOD and LOQ of the u-HPLC analysis were 0.015 and 0.045 mg/kg, respectively. The intraday and interday precision was less than 9.12%. The recoveries of α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol were more than 81.37%; the LOD and the LOQ were 0.014, 0.002, and 0.001 mg/kg and 0.042, 0.005, and 0.004 mg/kg, respectively. All calibration curves had good linearity (r2 = 0.99) within the test ranges. The novel, rapid method coupled to u-HPLC can provide significant improvements in the speed, sensitivity, and resolution compared with a conventional HPLC method.
Development and Validation of a Reversed-Phase HPLC Method for Determination of Alkaloids from Papaver somniferum L. (Papaveraceae)
Authors: Acevska Jelena , Dimitrovska Aneta , Stefkov Gjoshe , Brezovska Katerina , Karapandzova Marija , Kulevanova Svetlana 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
An HPLC method for the separation of six target alkaloids from Papaver somniferum L. (morphine, codeine, oripavine, thebaine, papaverine, and noscapine) was developed, optimized, and validated. The chromatographic behavior of these alkaloids was investigated using a reversed-phase chromatography at acidic and alkaline pH. The effects of ion-pairing agents, pH value of the mobile phase, concentration of the buffer components, mobile phase organic modifier, and column temperature were studied. Regardless of the large differences in their pKa values, all alkaloids were separated within a close retention window, and good peak shape was achieved for each of the six alkaloids. The proposed method has adequate selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and reproducibility and is applicable for poppy straw.
Determination of Total Cholesterol in Meat and Poultry by Gas Chromatography: Single-Laboratory Validation
Authors: Dinh Thu T N , Thompson Leslie D , Galyean Michael L , Brooks J Chance L , Boylan Mallory L 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to determine the intralaboratory performance of a cholesterol determination method that combines direct saponification of a 1 g meat or poultry sample and GC quantification of liberated cholesterol without derivatization. Cholesterol was detected at 11.96 min using a GC-flame ionization detector (FID) system. With a 0.005 mg/mL 5 α-cholestane internal standard and 0.008 to 0.020 mg/mL cholesterol standard series, the FID response was linearly correlated to standard concentrations with a coefficient of determination of 0.995 and a response factor of 0.66. The LOD and LOQ were 1.24 and 4.00 mg/100 g, respectively. Cholesterol could be analyzed within 6 days of preparation with high precision (CV of 0.92 to 2.69%) and accuracy (recovery of 93.24 to 100.56%). This simplified procedure allows for decreased errors and increased productivity, and the method proved to be reliable and able to withstand practical variation in procedural application. The method has been applied routinely with excellent precision to update data on the cholesterol content of beef, pork, and chicken in the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference.
Determination of Vitamin B12 in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals by Surface Plasmon Resonance: First Action 2011.16 (Test Kit Method)
Authors: Vyas Pathik , O'Kane Anthony A , Dowell Dawn 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
At the “Standards Development and International Harmonization: AOAC INTERNATIONAL Mid-Year Meeting” on June 29, 2011, an Expert Review Panel (ERP) agreed to further examine AOAC Official MethodSM 2011.01, “Determination of Vitamin B12 by Surface Plasmon Resonance,” for use with infant formula and adult nutritionals. The original collaborative study was conducted using the Biacore Q™ biosensor instrument and the Biacore Q™ Qflex™ Kit Vitamin B12 Pl. Samples included in the study were infant formula, cereals, premixes, vitamin tablets, dietary supplements, and baby food. Eleven laboratories participated in the collaborative study. The results demonstrated a repeatability RSD (RSDr) of 1.59–27.8 and HorRat values for reproducibility of 0.34–1.89 in samples with levels ranging from ppm to ppb. The assay studied is a label-free protein binding-based assay that uses the principle of surface plasmon resonance to measure the interaction between vitamin B12 and a specific binding protein by passing a portion of the prepared sample extract combined with binding protein solution across a functionalized sensor chip. The response from the functionalized sensor chip is given as free-binding protein, as the mixture binds to the prepared surface of the chip. The ready-to-use Qflex Kit Vitamin B12 PI provides the reagents and accessories necessary to perform this assay. AOAC Method 2011.01 was approved by the AOAC Method Committee on Food Nutrition for Official First Action status, applicable to a wide range of food products, dietary supplements, and multivitamin premixes. After evaluation of the validation data available, an ERP agreed in June 2011 that the method meets standard method performance requirements, as articulated by the Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals. The ERP granted the method First Action status, applicable to infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula.
Development of Incurred Reference Material for Improving Conditions of Gluten Quantification
Authors: Bugyi Zsuzsanna , Török Kitti , Hajas Lívia , Adonyi Zsanett , Poms Roland E , Popping Bert , Diaz-Amigo Carmen , Kerbach Sandra , TömösKöZi Sándor 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Celiac disease and wheat allergy are the most common adverse reactions triggered by cereal proteins, mainly gluten, which is one of the 14 allergenic food ingredients that must be labeled on food products in the European Union (EU). To meet the requirements of this regulation, reliable analytical methodology for proper quantification of gluten is necessary. However, validation of presently used methods (ELISA and lateral flow device) is limited partly due to the lack of reference methods and incurred reference materials. To solve this problem, the goal of our work was to develop an incurred reference material for the quantification of gluten under the auspices of EU-FP6 funded Network of Excellence MoniQA. During this work, we produced a processed model product (cookie) containing gliadin (major allergenic fraction of gluten) in a defined amount. This paper addresses the development process of this material together with the associated problems (insufficient homogeneity and low recovery) and their solutions. As a result, an incurred food matrix was produced on a laboratory-scale with a potential use as a reference material. The model product was tested by an ELISA method followed by a comparative study of commercially available ELISA kits to investigate the applicability of the product. Preliminary results of this study are also presented.
Labeling Regulations, Detection Methods, and Assay Validation
Authors: -Amigo Carmen Diaz , Popping Bert 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Gluten is a commonly used cereal derivative found in bakery products, among other items. In some susceptible individuals, however, it triggers immune responses of different kinds; there is, to a lesser extent, the wheat allergy that is immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated and leads to histamine release and typical allergic symptoms. In this case, other water-soluble proteins, like albumins, are also involved. On the other hand, there is, more frequently, celiac disease (CD), where the gluten causes immune reactions in the intestines of certain individuals, leading to degeneration of villi, which typically leads to malabsorption of nutrients and, consequently, malnutrition. The only currently effective health strategy for affected consumers is avoidance of gluten-containing products, based on clear labeling rules. However, despite unanimously accepted Codex definitions by all member jurisdictions, the national implementation of equivalent laws shows significant differences. In the context of CD and in support of the gluten-free statement, regulatory enforcement, as well as manufacturers' quality controls are mostly based on analytical results. However, numerous methods are available, some of which have been validated better than others, and many provide different results on identical samples. Reasons include detection of different gluten components and variability in extraction efficiency due to different buffer compositions, especially from processed foods. Last but not least, the lack of reference materials is hindering the process of generating comparable data across different ELISA kits, as well as other methods. How can such data still be used to support a gluten-free claim? New methodologies, in particular mass spectrometric analysis of gluten derived peptides, are being introduced in numerous laboratories. This methodology is not only capable of detecting gluten derived peptides but can also differentiate between and quantitate wheat, barley, rye, and oat. This paper presents analytical limitations, as well as promising new approaches in support of industry and enforcement activities to ensure compliance with the gluten-free claim under the current regulatory framework.
Duplex DNA/Graphene Oxide Biointerface: From Fundamental Understanding to Specific Enzymatic Effects
Authors: Tang Longhua , Chang Haixin , Liu Yang , Li Jinghong 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe exploration and fabrication of nano‐biointerfaces have fundamental significance and practical importance in many fields including chemistry, biology, and materials science. Recently, the integration of DNA with graphene has been substantially advanced. It is well known that single‐stranded (ss) DNA can interact with graphene (or graphene oxide) via π–π stacking. However, for the case of DNA duplex/graphene, the studies are still not conclusive. Most work does not address the question of whether or how dsDNA is attracted to graphene oxide (GO). Here the interaction of DNA/GO is systematically investigated and its nanobiological effects, molecular recognition, and biosensing are explored. It is demonstrated that GO can adsorb DNA duplexes, which is possibly facilitated by partial deformation of the double helix on GO. Additionally dsDNA on GO shows specific effects on enzymatic degradation, which could be effectively cleaved by DNA enzyme I and restriction endonucleases as EcoR I, whereas it is highly resistant to degradation by Exo III. An improved understanding of the behavior of these GO/DNA entities will facilitate the development of applications in biomedicine, biosensing, and bionanotechnology.
Electrochemically Triggered Selective Adsorption of Biotemplated Nanoparticles on Self‐Assembled Organometallic Diblock Copolymer Thin Films
Authors: Eloi Jean‐Charles , Jones Sarah E. Ward , Poór Veronika , Okuda Mitsuhiro , Gwyther Jessica , Schwarzacher Walther 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe controlled adsorption of the iron‐containing cage protein ferritin at the nanoscale using stimuli‐responsive self‐assembled diblock copolymer thin‐film templates is reported. The diblock copolymer used study consists of a cylinder‐forming polystyrene‐block‐polyferrocenylsilane (PS‐b‐PFS), with PFS as the minor block, and shows reversible redox properties. To prevent any spontaneous protein adsorption on either block, the electrolyte pH is selected to leave the ferritin negatively charged, and the protein concentration and solution ionic strength are carefully tuned. Selective adsorption of ferritin on the PFS domains of the self‐assembled thin films is then triggered in situ by applying a positive potential, simultaneously oxidizing the PFS and attracting the ferritin electrostatically.
Effect of the Strain Rate and Drawing Temperature on the Mechanical Behavior of EVOH and EVOH Composites
Authors: Franco‐Urquiza Edgar Adrián , Gámez‐pérez José , Velázquez‐Infante Julio César , Santana Orlando , Benasat Antonio Martínez , Maspoch Maria Lluisa 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe effect of the strain rate and draw temperature on the mechanical behavior of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) and EVOH composites was analyzed. When EVOH is stretched at moderate strain rates, evidence of strain‐induced crystallization and recrystallization was observed. Higher strain rates produced less structural variation because the homogeneous flow of the chains and the crystalline perfection are restricted due to the rapid drawing. In reference to the drawing temperature, EVOH showed a diffusive yielding, and the mechanical parameters were reduced due to the softening of the crystalline region. For EVOH composites, the filler hinders the molecular mobility, causing an increase in the strength and restricting the plastic flow. However, the higher temperature, higher molecular mobility, and ductility are not so affected by the filler content. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: E287–E296, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21274
Quality of life in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in Norway: A population based study
Authors: Geirdal Amy Østertun , Dheyauldeen Sinan , Bachmann‐Harildstad Gregor , Heimdal Ketil 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare, autosomal dominant disease characterized by the presence of recurrent epistaxis and small characteristic malformations of the peripheral blood vessels near the surface of the skin or mucosal linings. Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the lung, liver, and CNS are also known clinical findings. The purpose of this study was to examine quality of life (QoL) in patients with HHT in Norway. Sixty‐six affected patients (39 women and 27 men) were included. QoL on overall‐, health‐related (HR‐QoL), and disease‐specific levels were measured with Cantril's Ladder (CL), Short Form 36 (SF‐36), and a Symptom‐specific QoL question in HHT patients (SFB‐HHT‐Q), respectively. Comparisons were made between patients and an age and gender adjusted normative sample from the Norwegian population (N = 990). Overall, the results reflected that several HHT disease‐related variables were associated with reduced QoL on all three levels; overall QoL (CL), HR‐QoL (SF36) as well as disease‐specific QoL (SFB‐HHT‐Q), while demographic variables impacted HR‐QoL in HHT patients. Compared to the normative sample, all subscales of SF36, but bodily pain, were significantly poorer in the HHT patients. HHT disease variables had the strongest association with QoL compared to demographic variables. The results substantiate that disease severity is associated with poorer QoL in this patients. Pain contributed independently to all levels of QoL. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zinc‐Diluted Magnetic Metal Formate Perovskites: Synthesis, Structures, and Magnetism of [CH3NH3][MnxZn1−x(HCOO)3] (x=0–1)
Authors: Shang Ran , Sun Xuan , Wang Zhe‐Ming , Gao Song 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe preparation, structures, and magnetic properties of a series of metal formate perovskites [CH3NH3][MnxZn1−x(HCOO)3] were investigated. The isostructural solid solution can be prepared in the complete range of x=0–1. The metal–organic perovskite structures consist of an anionic NaCl type [MnxZn1−x(HCOO)3−] framework with CH3NH3+ templates located in the nearly cubic cavities and forming hydrogen bonds to the framework. When the proportion of Mn increased (i.e., x changed from 0 to 1), the lattice dimensions and metal–oxygen and metal–metal distances show a slight, nonlinear increase because of the increased averaged metal ionic radius and the local structure distortion. Through the series, the magnetism changes from the long‐range ordering of spin‐canted antiferromagnetism for x≥0.40 to paramagnetism when x≤0.30, and the percolation limit was estimated to be xP=0.31(2) for this simple cubic lattice. In the low‐temperature region, enhancement of magnetization and the gradual decrease and final disappearance of coercive field, remnant magnetization, and spin‐flop field upon dilution were observed through this isotropic Heisenberg magnetic series. IR spectroscopic and thermal properties were also investigated.
Geographic information system‐system dynamics procedure for bus rapid transit ridership estimation
Authors: Galicia Luis David , Cheu Ruey Long 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents a two‐step procedure for estimating the total daily ridership (TDR) of a new bus rapid transit (BRT) route that runs along a corridor without a competing regular bus service. The first step of the procedure uses the Geographic Information System‐Business Analyst desktop to analyze and extract the total population, employed population, housing units within ¼ mile and ¼ to ½ mile from the BRT stations in the base year, and their respective annual growth rates. These values are then used as inputs into the second step. The second step of the procedure uses a simulation model constructed by the system dynamics approach. This simulation model, which embeds the known relationships between the demographic variables and proposed BRT system's infrastructure and operational features, initially estimates the TDR of the base year. Simulation is then performed to estimate the TDR from the base year until a future year defined by the user. The two‐step procedure has been validated with actual demographic and ridership data from the Las Vegas MAX BRT line and the Los Angeles Orange Line, respectively. The procedure has also been applied to the proposed BRT route along Mesa St. in El Paso, Texas, as a case study. The two‐step procedure offers a new and relatively simple approach that complements the three known BRT ridership estimation methods currently acceptable by the U.S. Federal Transit Administration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the intestinal absorption and bioavailability of γ‐tocotrienol and α‐tocopherol: in vitro, in situ and in vivo studies
Authors: Abuasal Bilal S. , Qosa Hisham , Sylvester Paul W. , Kaddoumi Amal 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to compare the intestinal absorption kinetics and the bioavailability of γ‐tocotrienol (γ‐T3) and α‐tocopherol (α‐Tph) administered separately as oil solutions to rats in vivo. Also, to explain the significant difference in the oral bioavailability of the compounds: (1) the release profiles using the dynamic in vitro lipolysis model, (2) the intestinal permeability and (3) carrier‐mediated uptake by Niemann‐Pick C1‐like 1 (NPC1L1) transporter were examined. Absolute bioavailability studies were conducted after oral administration of γ‐T3 or α‐Tph prepared in corn oil to rats. In situ rat intestinal perfusion with ezetimibe (a NPC1L1 inhibitor) was performed to compare intestinal permeability. The in vitro interaction kinetics with NPC1L1 was examined in NPC1L1 transfected cells. While the in vitro release studies demonstrated a significantly higher release rate of γ‐T3 in the aqueous phase, the oral bioavailability of α‐Tph (36%) was significantly higher than γ‐T3 (9%). Consequent in situ studies revealed significantly higher intestinal permeability for α‐Tph compared with γ‐T3 in rats. Moreover, the NPC1L1 kinetic studies demonstrated higher Vmax and Km values for α‐Tph compared with γ‐T3. Collectively, these results indicate that intestinal permeability is the main contributing factor for the higher bioavailability of α‐Tph. Also, these results emphasize the potentially important role of intestinal permeability in the bioavailability of γ‐T3, suggesting that enhancing its permeability would increase its oral bioavailability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.