bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Aortic Macrophage Lipid Accumulation and Inflammatory Response in LDL Receptor Null Mice Fed an Atherogenic Diet
Authors: Wang Shu , Wu Dayong , Matthan Nirupa R. , Lamon‐Fava Stefania , Lecker Jaime L. , Lichtenstein Alice H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe effect of an atherogenic diet on inflammatory response and elicited peritoneal macrophage (Mϕ) cholesterol accumulation in relation to aortic lesion formation was assessed in LDL receptor null (LDLr−/−) mice. Mice were fed an atherogenic or control diet for 32 weeks. The atherogenic relative to control diet resulted in significantly higher plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) concentrations, more aortic wall Mϕ deposition, higher serum non HDL‐cholesterol concentrations and total cholesterol to HDL‐cholesterol ratios, and greater accumulation of both aortic free and esterified cholesterol. Elicited peritoneal Mϕ selectively accumulated longer chain unsaturated fatty acids in their membrane, independent of the dietary fatty acid profile. Elicited peritoneal Mϕ isolated from mice fed the atherogenic relative to control diet had significantly less arachidonic acid levels, accumulated significantly higher esterified cholesterol, had significantly higher mRNA levels and secretion of MCP‐1, and mRNA and protein levels of ATP‐binding cassette A1. Diet treatment had no significant effect in elicited peritoneal Mϕ on TNFα and IL‐6 mRNA levels and secretion. These data suggest that the atherogenic relative to control diet resulted in higher plasma inflammatory factor concentrations, less favorable lipoprotein profile, higher elicited peritoneal Mϕ cholesterol accumulation and inflammatory factor secretion, and more aortic wall Mϕ deposition, which in turn were associated with greater aortic cholesterol accumulation.
Immediate hip spica is as effective as, but more efficient than, flexible intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures in pre-school children
Authors: Jauquier Nicolas , Doerfler Martina , Haecker Frank-Martin , Hasler Carol , Zambelli Pierre-Yves , Lutz Nicolas 
Published: August 2010

Flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) is the gold standard treatment for femur fracture in school-aged children. It has been performed successfully in younger children, although Spica cast immobilisation (SCI) has been the most widely used strategy to date. Method A retrospective analysis was performed between two comparable groups of children aged 1–4 years with a femoral shaft fracture. Two University hospitals, each using specific treatment guidelines, participated in the study: SCI in Group I (Basel, Switzerland) and FIN in Group II (Lausanne, Switzerland). Results Group I included 19 children with a median age of 26 months (range 12–46 months). Median hospital stay was 1 day (range 0–5 days) and casts were retained for a median duration of 21 days (range 12–29 days). General anaesthesia was used in six children and sedation in four. Skin breakdown secondary to cast irritation occurred in two children (10.5%). The median follow-up was 114 months (range 37–171 months). No significant malunion was noted. Group II included 27 children with a median age of 38.4 months (range 18.7–46.7 months). Median hospital stay was 4 days (range 1–13 days). All children required general anaesthesia for insertion and removal of the nails. Free mobilisation and full weight bearing were allowed at a median of 2 days (range 1–10 days) and 7 days (range 1–30 days), respectively, postoperatively. Nail exteriorisation was noted in three children (11%). The median follow-up was 16.5 months (range 8–172 months). No significant malunion was reported. Conclusions Young children with a femoral shaft fracture treated by SCI or FIN had similarly favourable outcomes and complication rates. FIN allowed earlier mobilisation and full weight bearing. Compared to SCI, a greater number of children required general anaesthesia. In a pre-school child with a femoral shaft fracture, immediate SCI applied by a paediatric orthopaedic team following specific guidelines allowed early discharge from hospital with few complications.
White matter neuron alterations in schizophrenia and related disorders
Authors: Connor Caroline M. , Crawford Benjamin C. , Akbarian Schahram 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIncreased density and altered spatial distribution of subcortical white matter neurons (WMNs) represents one of the more well replicated cellular alterations found in schizophrenia and related disease. In many of the affected cases, the underlying genetic risk architecture for these WMN abnormalities remains unknown. Increased density of neurons immunoreactive for Microtubule‐Associated Protein 2 (MAP2) and Neuronal Nuclear Antigen (NeuN) have been reported by independent studies, though there are negative reports as well; additionally, group differences in some of the studies appear to be driven by a small subset of cases. Alterations in markers for inhibitory (GABAergic) neurons have also been described. For example, downregulation of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) in inhibitory WMN positioned at the gray/white matter border, as well as altered spatial distribution, have been reported. While increased density of WMN has been suggested to reflect disturbance of neurodevelopmental processes, including neuronal migration, neurogenesis, and cell death, alternative hypotheses—such as an adaptive response to microglial activation in mature CNS, as has been described in multiple sclerosis –should also be considered. We argue that larger scale studies involving hundreds of postmortem specimens will be necessary in order to clearly establish the subset of subjects affected. Additionally, these larger cohorts could make it feasible to connect the cellular pathology to environmental and genetic factors implicated in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism. These could include the 22q11 deletion (Velocardiofacial/DiGeorge) syndrome, which in some cases is associated with neuronal ectopias in white matter.
Genotoxic and carcinogenic risks associated with the dietary consumption of repeatedly heated coconut oil
Authors: Srivastava Smita , Singh Madhulika , George Jasmine , Bhui Kulpreet , Murari Saxena Anand , Shukla Yogeshwer 
Published: August 2010

Repeated heating of vegetable oils at high temperatures during cooking is a very common cooking practice. Repeated heating of edible oils can generate a number of compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), some of which have been reported to have carcinogenic potential. Consumption of these repeatedly heated oils can pose a serious health hazard. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the genotoxic and carcinogenic risks associated with the consumption of repeatedly heated coconut oil (RCO), which is one of the commonly consumed cooking and frying medium. The PAH were analysed using HPLC in fresh CO, single-heated CO (SCO) and RCO. Results revealed the presence of certain PAH, known to possess carcinogenic potential, in RCO when compared with SCO. Oral intake of RCO in Wistar rats resulted in a significant induction of aberrant cells (P < 0·05) and micronuclei (P < 0·05) in a dose-dependent manner. Oxidative stress analysis showed a significant (P < 0·05) decrease in the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase with a concurrent increase in reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in the liver. In addition, RCO given alone and along with diethylnitrosamine for 12 weeks induced altered hepatic foci as noticed by alteration in positive (γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and glutathione-S-transferase) and negative (adenosine triphosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase) hepatospecific biomarkers. A significant decrease in the relative and absolute hepatic weight of RCO-supplemented rats was recorded (P < 0·05). In conclusion, dietary consumption of RCO can cause a genotoxic and preneoplastic change in the liver.
More localized automorphisms of the Cuntz algebras
Authors: Conti Roberto , Kimberley Jason , Szymański Wojciech 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe completely determine the localized automorphisms of the Cuntz algebras $\mathcal{O}_n$ corresponding to permutation matrices in Mn ⊗ Mn for n = 3 and n = 4. This result is obtained through a combination of general combinatorial techniques and large scale computer calculations. Our analysis proceeds according to the general scheme proposed in a previous paper, where we analysed in detail the case of $\mathcal{O}_2$ using labelled rooted trees. We also discuss those proper endomorphisms of these Cuntz algebras which restrict to automorphisms of their respective diagonals. In the case of $\mathcal{O}_3$ we compute the number of automorphisms of the diagonal induced by permutation matrices in M3 ⊗ M3 ⊗ M3.
Liberalism after Burczak: redistribution, worker self-management and the market process
Authors: ANDERSSON DAVID EMANUEL 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:InSocialism after Hayek, Theodore Burczak uses Hayekian insights to argue in favor of a socialist society with real markets, but also with wealth redistribution and prohibition of wage labor. In so doing, he offers not only a socialist vision but also asks questions that may challenge Hayekian liberals to reformulate their institutional analyses. A critical assessment that combines Austrian and institutional theories leads to the conclusion that some redistributive policies may enhance the knowledge-disseminating function of markets, but that a market order that is limited to worker-managed firms diminishes the knowledge dissemination properties of the market process.
Salmonella transcriptional signature in Tetrahymena phagosomes and role of acid tolerance in passage through the protist
Authors: Rehfuss Marc Yi Ming , Parker Craig Thomas , Brandl Maria Theresa 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Salmonella enterica Typhimurium remains undigested in the food vacuoles of the common protist, Tetrahymena. Contrary to its interaction with Acanthamoeba spp., S. Typhimurium is not cytotoxic to Tetrahymena and is egested as viable cells in its fecal pellets. Through microarray gene expression profiling we investigated the factors in S. Typhimurium that are involved in its resistance to digestion by Tetrahymena. The transcriptome of S. Typhimurium in Tetrahymena phagosomes showed that 989 and 1282 genes were altered in expression compared with that in water and in LB culture medium, respectively. A great proportion of the upregulated genes have a role in anaerobic metabolism and the use of alternate electron acceptors. Many genes required for survival and replication within macrophages and human epithelial cells also had increased expression in Tetrahymena, including mgtC, one of the most highly induced genes in all three cells types. A ΔmgtC mutant of S. Typhimurium did not show decreased viability in Tetrahymena, but paradoxically, was egested at a higher cell density than the wild type. The expression of adiA and adiY, which are involved in arginine-dependent acid resistance, also was increased in the protozoan phagosome. A ΔadiAY mutant had lower viability after passage through Tetrahymena, and a higher proportion of S. Typhimurium wild-type cells within pellets remained viable after exposure to pH 3.4 as compared with uningested cells. Our results provide evidence that acid resistance has a role in the resistance of Salmonella to digestion by Tetrahymena and that passage through the protist confers physiological advantages relevant to its contamination cycle.
Phonological Activation During Visual Word Recognition in Deaf and Hearing Children
Authors: Ormel Ellen , Hermans Daan , Knoors Harry , Hendriks Angelique , Verhoeven Ludo 
Published: August 2010

PurposePhonological activation during visual word recognition was studied in deaf and hearing children under two circumstances: (a) when the use of phonology was not required for task performance and might even hinder it and (b) when the use of phonology was critical for task performance.MethodDeaf children mastering written Dutch and Sign Language of the Netherlands were compared with hearing children. Two word–picture verification experiments were conducted, both of which included pseudohomophones. In Experiment 1, the task was to indicate whether the word was spelled correctly and whether it corresponded to the picture. The presence of pseudohomophones was expected to hinder performance only when phonological recoding occurred. In Experiment 2, the task was to indicate whether the word sounded like the picture, which now made phonological recoding essential in order to enable the acceptance of pseudohomophones.ResultsThe hearing children showed automatic activation of phonology during visual word recognition, regardless of whether they were instructed to focus on orthographic information (Experiment 1) or phonological information (Experiment 2). The deaf children showed little automatic phonological activation in either experiment.ConclusionDeaf children do not use phonological information during word reading.
Light Quality-Mediated Petiole Elongation in Arabidopsis during Shade Avoidance Involves Cell Wall Modification by Xyloglucan Endotransglucosylase/Hydrolases
Authors: Sasidharan Rashmi , Chinnappa C.C. , Staal Marten , Elzenga J. Theo M. , Yokoyama Ryusuke , Nishitani Kazuhiko , Voesenek Laurentius A.C.J. , Pierik Ronald 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Some plants can avoid shaded conditions via rapid shoot elongation, thus growing into better lit areas in a canopy. Cell wall-modifying mechanisms promoting this elongation response, therefore, are important regulatory points during shade avoidance. Two major cell wall-modifying protein families are expansins and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs). The role of these proteins during shade avoidance was studied in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In response to two shade cues, low red to far-red light (implying neighbor proximity) and green shade (mimicking dense canopy conditions), Arabidopsis showed classic shade avoidance features: petiole elongation and leaf hyponasty. Measurement of the apoplastic proton flux in green shade-treated petioles revealed a rapid efflux of protons into the apoplast within minutes, unlike white light controls. This apoplastic acidification probably provides the acidic pH required for the optimal activity of cell wall-modifying proteins like expansins and XTHs. Acid-induced extension, expansin susceptibility, and extractable expansin activity were similar in petioles from white light- and shade-treated plants. XTH activity, however, was high in petioles exposed to shade treatments. Five XTH genes (XTH9, -15, -16, -17, and -19) were positively regulated by low red to far-red light conditions, while the latter four and XTH22 showed a significant up-regulation also in response to green shade. Consistently, knockout mutants for two of these XTH genes also had reduced or absent shade avoidance responses to these light signals. These results point toward the cell wall as a vital regulatory point during shade avoidance.
Childcare and childhood
Authors: MAYALL BERRY 
Published: August 2010

This paper draws on data from a recent study of parents' and health staff views on child health care. The study found that mothers and health visitors held broadly different views on good childcare. In this paper it is argued that these reflect different models of childhood and motherhoodFindings about background were reported and discussed in CHILDREN & SOCIETY 4(2). The study was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council and carried out by Berry May all and Marie‐Claude Foster at the Thomas Coram Research Unit
The genetic control of arylesterase activity in pig serum
Authors: Gahne B. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryEsterase activity was determined in 723 pig‐serum samples with a‐naphthyl acetate as substrate, and in 591 samples with β‐naphthyl acetate. The activities showed a wide range and were distributed in groups. β‐naphthyl acetate gave a specific reaction to arylesterase and spread the activities in at least 17 groups. Yorkshire pigs had in general a higher level of arylesterase activity than Swedish Landrace pigs. The results were in agreement with the theory of multiple alleles controlling the arylesterase activities (Augustinsson and Olsson, 1961). In addition, the cholinesterase activity showed a systematic variation. No differences in the migration rates of the arylesterase zones could be detected in starch‐gel electrophoresis.
Haemolytic factor in bovine seminal vesicle fluid
Authors: Matoušek J. 
Published: August 2010

SummarySeminal vesicle fluid of bulls contains a haemolytic factor towards which cattle erythrocytes react with different sensitivities. According to the degree of sensitivity, cattle were divided into three groups. The first and most numerous group (R) comprised animals with resistant erythrocytes, in the second, least numerous group there were animals (S) with very sensitive erythrocytes and finally, the third group of animals (RS) was between the very resistant and very sensitive groups.The haemolytic factor was thermostable, inhibited by egg yolk, homologous and heterologous spermatozoa and testicle tissues and could not be blocked or inhibited by immune antibodies.
An estimation of dominance at the locus controlling blood potassium in sheep
Authors: Eagleton G. E. , Hall J. G. , Russell W. S. 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. Potassium concentrations in erythrocytes and plasma were influenced by Ka genotype and breed.2. Dominance at the Ka locus controlling red cell potassium concentration was incomplete.3. The lower limit of the difference between heterozygous and homozygous low phenotypes was 4.1 meq per litre.4. Sheep of the Finnish Landrace breed had relatively high potassium concentrations and the highest gene frequency of the recessive allele, of those examined.
Immunological and chemical studies on porcine submaxillary mucins
Authors: Payza N. , Martinez L. , Pigman W. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryPorcine submaxillary mucins (PSM) were classified as A, H, AH, and — types according to their ability to inhibit the hemagglutination of human blood group systems. Of 210 glands examined, the following blood group distribution was observed: 35% A, 35% H, 1% AH, and 29%—. The A‐type mucin was an effective inhibitor at microgram concentrations, whereas the H‐types showed considerably weaker hemagglutination inhibition.Rabbit antisera to the A and H mucins could be used for typing of human blood groups A and H; no cross‐reactivity was observed with the other types. The A‐type PSM antisera were adsorbed by human red blood cells of the A type only. Immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic studies of rabbit antisera to crude mucins revealed many antigenic components, but antisera to purified mucin preparations usually developed only two precipitin bands, one of which showed up only after staining for proteins.PSM was prepared from individual glands of known blood group types by a slight modification of a previously described method. Chemical analyses showed that the variation in composition of individual glands within a given blood group type was larger than could be attributable to experimental error. In addition, chemical variations were also observed among mucins of A, H, and — blood group types.
The M‐L blood group system and active potassium transport in sheep reticulocytes
Authors: Tucker Elizabeth M. , Ellory J. C. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryImmature and mature red cells from anaemic homozygous and heterozygous low potassium (LK) type sheep were tested for the presence of the L antigen and for active potassium uptake. Evidence was obtained for the presence of L antigen on immature as well as mature cells, but immature cells had a higher intracellular potassium concentration and increased rate of active potassium transport which was only slightly enhanced after sensitization with L antiserum. The red cells which entered the circulation in the later phases of recovery from anaemia were not haemolysed by anti‐L as readily as normal cells, but showed normal haemolytic reactions with other blood typing reagents.It is suggested that, if the L antigen is directly concerned with suppressing part of the potassium pump in mature LK erythrocytes, its effect must be mediated by changes which occur during the final maturation processes of the red cell.
Lymphocyte typing in pigs: evidence for antigen L 1
Authors: Simon M. , Hruban V. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryAbsorption studies of cytotoxic sera which had been obtained after immunizing pigs with lymphocytes from lymph nodes or blood with the leucocyte component retained, showed that one of 18 investigated sera was ‘operationally’ monospecific. The lymphocyte antigen detected by this reagent was designated L 1. Family studies proved that the antigen is inherited as a dominant mendelian trait.
Catalase polymorphism in the red cells of horses*
Authors: Kelly Eamonn P. , Stormont Clyde , Suzuki Yoshiko 
Published: August 2010

SummaryCatalase zymograms performed on hemolysates of horse red cells revealed three phenotypes each composed of a single zone of activity designated F, M and S in decreasing order of migration towards the anode. It is proposed that these phenotypes are controlled by a pair of alleles, CatF and CatS, such that the genotypes CatFCatF, CatFCatS and CatSCatS give rise respectively to phenotypes F, M and S. The effects of storage, heat, UV light and selected reagents on these phenotypes are discussed.
Studies on bovine transferrin; isolation and partial characterization
Authors: Efremov G. D. , Smith Linda L. , Barton Betty P. , Huisman T. H. J. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBovine serum transferrin (type Tf‐A) was isolated by a series of four techniques; (a) precipitation with Rivanol; (b) chromatography of the soluble protein fraction on a column of Sephadex G‐150; (c) chromatography of the transferrin containing protein zone on a column of DEAE‐Sephadex; and (d) chromatography on a column of DEAE‐Sephadex after transferrin was treated with neuraminidase.It was found that an unidentified protein binds firmly to transferrin, and its removal is only possible after the release of the sialic acid residues with neuraminidase. It is possible that this protein is hemopexin. The occurrence of multiple transferrin components is, in part, dependent on the number of sialic acid residues; possible differences in molecular weight or size seem not to be a factor. The amino acid composition of bovine transferrin, and that of each of three subfractions, resembles that of human transferrin. The calculated mol. wt. of bovine transferrin was found to be 67,000 from sedimentation and viscosity data and 72,400 from sedimentation and diffusion measurements. Sedimentation and viscosity data in concentrated urea suggest that bovine transferrin is composed of two subunits, an observation which is in contrast to data from studies which suggest that human transferrin is composed of a single polypeptide chain.
Iso‐antibodies to red cell antigens in pigs' sera. 2. The incidence of iso‐antibodies to red cell antigens in the sera of adult pigs
Authors: Linklater K. A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryOn examining the sera from 80 sows and 67 boars in the routine typing service carried out by the Blood Group Research Unit, no antibodies other than anti‐A were found in the boars' sera while, in 26% of the sows' sera, other anti‐red‐cell antibodies were also found as well as anti‐A. All these sows were bred to boars of the same breed as themselves. The sera of 50% of 24 sows which had produced litters affected with thrombocytopenic purpura and which were mainly bred to boars of different breeds than themselves also contained iso‐antibodies.Of these iso‐antibodies, anti‐Ea and anti‐Eb were the most frequent and were also present at the highest titres. Anti‐Ee, anti‐Fa, anti‐Ka, anti‐Kb, anti‐Kd, anti‐La and anti‐Lg were also found but usually at only low titres.