bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeatability of ultrasonographic median nerve measures
Authors: Impink Bradley G. , Gagnon Dany , Collinger Jennifer L. , Boninger Michael L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this study we investigated the reliability of ultrasound in measuring median nerve characteristics including cross‐sectional area (CSA), flattening ratio (FR), swelling ratio (SR), and mean grayscale. Generalizability theory was used to assess inter‐ and intrarater reliability using the dependability coefficient (ϕ), normalized standard error of measurement, and normalized minimum detectable change (MDCNORM) for multiple study design protocols. Interrater reliability was generally moderate. Intrarater reliability was mostly good (ϕ > 0.876) when using a single image, captured on one occasion, and being read once. Intrarater MDCNORM ranged from 3.8% to 6.2% for all CSA measures and SR. Using multiple images and/or readings at multiple occasions did not appreciably improve reliability measures. Ultrasound is a reliable tool for measuring median nerve characteristics. We recommend that a single evaluator capture all images for protocols aimed at quantifying median nerve ultrasound measures. We believe an appropriately designed protocol can utilize ultrasound to accurately assess changes in median nerve characteristics after activity. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Performance of seismically loaded shearwalls on nonlinear shallow foundations
Authors: Raychowdhury Prishati , Hutchinson Tara C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIf utilized, the energy dissipative capability of seismically loaded shallow foundations due to inelastic behavior can result in more economic design, provided the consequences, such as excessive deformations are accounted for. In this article, a Beam‐on‐Nonlinear‐Winkler‐Foundation (BNWF) model is used to assess the performance of shearwall‐foundation systems with different attributes, when subjected to ground motions of varied hazard levels. The numerical study indicates that the force and drift demands to the shearwall reduce significantly, when nonlinear foundation behavior is realized, while permanent settlement is well below the permissible limit. These results support the concept of shallow foundation capacity mobilization in future design. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nuclear STK15 expression is associated with aggressive behaviour of oral carcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Kao Shou‐Yen , Chen Yu‐Ping , Tu Hsi‐Feng , Liu Chung‐Ji , Yu Ann‐How , Wu Cheng‐Hsien , Chang Kuo‐Wei 
Published: May 2010

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. Chromosome 20q is a hotspot for gene amplification in OSCC and the serine/threonine kinase STK15 (also named Aurora‐A) maps to 20q13. The amplification and over‐expression of STK15 is common in neoplasia but the functional and clinical impact of STK15 in OSCC remains poorly understood. STK15 copy number is amplified in 12% of OSCCs and nuclear STK15 protein expression increases with tumour progression. In vivo elevated nuclear STK15 protein expression is significantly associated with the worse prognosis of OSCC patients. The combination of high nuclear STK15 and Ki‐67 expression has a 2.55‐fold hazard for cancer‐associated mortality. In vitro knockdown of STK15 reduced the oncogenic phenotypes of OECM‐1 cells. Injection of lentivirus carrying shRNA vectors against STK15 significantly reduced the growth of SAS xenografts on nude mice. Knockdown of STK15 also induced autophagy and apoptosis of OSCC cells. Our data provide evidence that STK15 is oncogenic for OSCC and that its nuclear expression is a predictor of clinical behaviour. Knockdown of STK15 could be a potential therapeutic option in OSCC and other tumours. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validated front contact grid simulation for GaAs solar cells under concentrated sunlight
Authors: Steiner Marc , Philipps Simon P. , Hermle Martin , Bett Andreas W. , Dimroth Frank 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn a common approach, the electric behavior of a solar cell is modeled by dividing it into smaller sub‐circuits and solving the resulting network by a circuit simulator. In this paper detailed network simulations are presented for a GaAs single‐junction solar cell. All resistive losses and losses influencing the diode saturation currents, such as recombination in the depletion region or at the perimeter are taken into account. With this model the maximum power point of a solar cell can be calculated for one‐sun and for higher illumination intensities. The results were validated experimentally using suitable test structures. This includes solar cell devices with varying dimensions, grid finger spacing and lengths. An excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental results was obtained. The network simulation model allows determining the optimum size and concentration ratio at which a solar cell operates at its maximum efficiency. In the case of a GaAs single‐junction solar cell this global efficiency maximum was found for an area of 1 mm2and at a concentration ratio of 450 suns. Under these conditions the largest loss mechanisms are the finger shading with 36.1% and the emitter resistance losses with 21.5% of the total power losses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Substituent effects of N‐alkyl groups on thermally induced polymerization behavior of 1,3‐benzoxazines
Authors: Sudo Atsushi , Du Long‐Chao , Hirayama Shoji , Endo Takeshi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThermally induced polymerizations of a series of 1,3‐benzoxazines with a variety of substituents on the nitrogen atom were investigated in detail, particularly in the following three aspects of the polymerization: (1) N‐alkyl‐1,3‐benzoxazines are much more reactive than N‐phenyl‐1,3‐benzoxazine. (2) The polymerization rate depended on the bulkiness of the N‐substituent. The bulkier the substituent was, the slower the polymerization was. (3) The polymerizations accompanied weight loss due to the elimination of the corresponding imine (R‐N = CH2), and its extent became larger when R was more bulky. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2777–2782, 2010
Water‐soluble, thermoresponsive, hyperbranched copolymers based on PEG‐methacrylates: Synthesis, characterization, and LCST behavior
Authors: Luzon Mario , Boyer Cyrille , Peinado Carmen , Corrales Teresa , Whittaker Michael , Tao Lei , Davis Thomas P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA series of water‐soluble thermoresponsive hyperbranched copoly(oligoethylene glycol)s were synthesized by copolymerization of di(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (DEG‐MA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEG‐MA, Mw = 475 g/mol), with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGD‐MA) used as the crosslinker, via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Polymers were characterized by size exclusion chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. According to the monomer composition, that is, the ratio of OEG‐MA: DEG‐MA: EGD‐MA, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) could be tuned from 25 °C to 90 °C. The thermoresponsive properties of these hyperbranched copolymers were studied carefully and compared with their linear analogs. It was found that molecular architecture influences thermoresponsive behavior, with a decrease of around 5–10 °C in the LCST of the hyperbranched polymers compared with the LCST of linear chains. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2783–2792, 2010
The effects of abstractable hydrogen in radical photopolymerization of maleate/vinyl ether monomers studied with EPR and photo‐RTIR
Authors: Haraldsson Tommy , Johansson Mats , Hult Anders 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this contribution, the influence of abstractable hydrogen on the kinetics of photopolymerized vinyl ether/maleate monomer formulations is reported. The effects of chain transfer on the polymerization rate were studied with photo real‐time Infra Red (IR) for formulations composed of equimolar amounts of diethyl maleate (DEMA) and three different vinyl ethers; methyl hexyl vinyl ether where the abstractable hydrogens adjacent to the vinyl functionality have been replaced with methyl groups, ethyl hexyl vinyl ether (EHVE) which has two easily abstractable α‐hydrogens and triethylene glycol methyl vinyl ether (TEGMVE), which has several abstractable hydrogens. Four conclusions are drawn from these studies: (i) the vinyl ether/maleate kinetics differs significantly from the classical expression Rp = KI0.5, with recorded exponential factors of 0.84 ± 0.04 in the absence of easily abstractable hydrogens; (ii) the presence of abstractable hydrogens significantly changes the kinetics of vinyl ether/maleate polymerizations with recorded exponential factors of 0.55 ± 0.04 for EHVE/DEMA and 0.70 ± 0.04 for TEGMVE/DEMA; (iii) the presence of easily abstractable hydrogens leads to a preferential consumption of maleates; and (iv) electron paramagnetic resonance studies show that vinyloxy‐like radicals constitute the majority of the radicals in the systems with easily abstractable hydrogens. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2810–2816, 2010
A mixed cyclodextrin‐biphenyl thermotropic liquid crystal: Synthesis, liquid‐crystalline properties, and supramolecular organization
Authors: Chen Li , Hu Tian‐Hui , Xie He‐Lou , Zhang Hai‐Liang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA well‐defined structure liquid crystal heptakis [6‐deoxy‐6‐(1‐H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)(methyl)6‐(4‐methoxybiphenyl‐4′‐yloxy) hexanoyl]‐β‐cyclodextrin (H6B‐β‐CD) was synthesized from propargyl 6‐(4‐methoxybiphenyl‐4′‐yloxy) hexanoate (P6B) and heptakis (6‐deoxy‐6‐azido)‐β‐cyclodextrin ((N3)7‐β‐CD) by click reaction. The chemical structure of H6B‐β‐CD was confirmed by 1H NMR, FTIR, and MALDI‐TOF MS. The thermal stability of the compound was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The liquid crystalline behavior was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microcopy (POM), and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) measurement. These investigations have shown that the supramolecular structure of H6B‐β‐CD are consisted of a large scale ordered lamellar structure and a small scale ordered structure (SmE) at low temperature region. As the temperature increases, the small scale structure becomes disordered relatively in the first instance, from smectic E to smectic A. Then, the lamellar structure collapses and nematic phase and isotropic phase are observed in sequence. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2838–2845, 2010
The EORTC cancer outpatient satisfaction with care questionnaire in ambulatory radiotherapy: EORTC OUT‐PATSAT35 RT. Validation study for Spanish patients
Authors: Arraras Juan Ignacio , Rico Mikel , Vila Meritxell , Chicata Volker , Asin Gemma , Martinez Maite , Hernandez Berta , Arias Fernando , Martinez Enrique 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectives: The EORTC OUT‐PATSAT35 RT questionnaire evaluates the satisfaction with care (SC) expressed by cancer outpatients treated with radiotherapy. In this study we assess the psychometric properties of the OUT‐PATSAT35 RT when applied to a sample of Spanish patients.Methods: A total of 100 patients with different tumor sites completed the EORTC core questionnaire, QLQ‐C30, the OUT‐PATSAT35 RT, the Oberst patients' perception of care quality and satisfaction scale (OS) and the item on intention to recommend the hospital (IR). Psychometric evaluation of the structure, reliability and validity of the questionnaire was conducted.Results: Multitrait‐scaling analysis showed that 33 out of 34 item–scale correlation coefficients met the standards for convergent validity and that many of them met the standards for discriminant validity. Cronbach's coefficients were good (0.70–0.97) for all scales except environment.Correlations between the areas of the QLQ‐C30 and OUT‐PATSAT35 RT were generally low (<0.40). Correlations between the OS and the IR were moderate with the EORTC OUT‐PATSAT35 RT. Areas whose contents were more related had higher correlation coefficients (>0.50), and vice versa (<0.20).Patients with higher scores on the OS and the IR, patients who had more visits to the doctor and patients who had a better performance status showed higher SC levels in 12, 8 and 1 OUT‐PATSAT35 RT areas, respectively.Conclusions: The OUT‐PATSAT35 RT appears to be a reliable and valid instrument when applied to a sample of Spanish cancer patients. These results are in line with those of the validation study conducted by the authors of the questionnaire. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth and characterization of free‐standing zinc‐blende GaN layers and substrates
Authors: Novikov S. V. , Foxon C. T. , Kent A. J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe have investigated the growth of bulk, free‐standing zinc‐blende (cubic) GaN layers by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA‐MBE). The PA‐MBE technique was used for bulk crystal growth and GaN layers up to 100 µm in thickness were produced. We have established that the best structural properties of free‐standing zinc‐blende GaN can be achieved with initiation under Ga‐rich conditions, but without Ga droplet formation. The procedure to produce free‐standing bulk zinc‐blende substrates from thick GaN layers grown on GaAs substrates has been developed. We have demonstrated the scalability of the process by growing free‐standing GaN layers up to 3 in. in diameter. Growth of free‐standing bulk GaN layers has allowed us to refine the values for the basic parameters of zinc‐blende GaN. We have demonstrated also that the PA‐MBE process we have developed has allowed us to achieve free‐standing AlxGa1−xN wafers.
Single‐Centre Experience of Radiation Exposure in Acute Surgical Patients: Assessment of Therapeutic Impact and Future Recommendations
Authors: Fitzmaurice Gerard J. , Brown Robin , Cranley Brian , Conlon Enda F. , Todd R. Alan J. , O’Donnell Mark E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundRadiological investigations have become a key adjunct in patient management and consequently radiation exposure to patients is increasing. The study objectives were to examine the use of radiological investigations in the management of acute surgical patients and to assess whether a guideline‐based radiation exposure risk/benefit analysis can aid in the choice of radiological investigation used.MethodsA prospective observational study was completed over a 12‐week period from April to July 2008 for all acute surgical admissions. Data recorded included demographics, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, investigations, surgical interventions, and final clinical outcome. The use of radiological investigative modalities as an adjunct to clinical assessment was then evaluated against The Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) guidelines.ResultsA total of 380 acute surgical admissions (M = 174, F = 185, children = 21) were assessed during the study period. Seven hundred thirty‐four radiological investigations were performed with a mean of 1.93 investigations per patient. Based on the RCR guidelines, 680 (92.6%) radiological investigations were warranted and included 142 CT scans (19.3%), 129 chest X‐rays (17.6%), and 85 abdominal X‐rays (11.6%). Clinically, radiological imaging complemented surgical management in 326 patients (85.8%) and the management plan remained unchanged for the remaining 54 patients (14.2%). This accounted for an average radiation dose of 4.18 millisievert (mSv) per patient or 626 days of background radiation exposure. CT imaging was responsible for the majority of the radiation exposure, with a total of 1310 mSv (82.6%) of the total radiation exposure being attributed to CT imaging in 20.8% of acute admissions. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that 92.8% of the CT scans performed were appropriate.ConclusionRadiation exposure was generally low for the majority of acute surgical admissions. However, it is recommended that CT imaging requests be evaluated carefully, particularly for patients with clinically confirmed pathologies and in younger women.
Interference of host plant morphology and phenology and their correlation with abundance patterns of the leaf galling sawfly Pontania proxima
Authors: Kehl Alexandra , Rambold Gerhard 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe host taxon preference of Pontania proxima (Serville 1823) (Tenthredinidae, Hymenoptera) was investigated by observing densities of galls on previously genotypically and phenotypically characterized clones representing three taxa of a hybrid complex, i.e., Salix alba, Salix × rubens, and Salix fragilis. Gall densities among these three taxa were observed by using two experimental designs: (1) an indoor experiment in a greenhouse flight cage, and (2) an outdoor experiment on a plantation of cuttings. Subsequently, observed gall densities were related with selected, characteristic phenotypical properties of the host plants. In the indoor experiment, S. fragilis was clearly preferred by P. proxima, while in the outdoor experiment, S. × rubens revealed the highest gall densities. The factor “foliation start” was excluded in the indoor experiment, but best explained the preference of S. × rubens in the outdoor experiment. The results of a linear regression model affirmed on the one hand that morphological properties should be expected as relevant signals during the host plant selection process of P. proxima. On the other hand, it was shown that other phenotypical factors such as foliation start in spring contribute to an interference of factors being relevant for host plant selectivity. The earlier foliation start of the morphological intermediate S. × rubens in the outdoor experiment shifts resource availability towards that taxon at an early oviposition phase of P. proxima and therefore entails a different gall distribution pattern with a preference for the hybrid under natural conditions.
Cobalamin status in children
Authors: Bjørke‐Monsen Anne‐Lise , Ueland Per Magne 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCobalamin and the metabolic markers methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine undergo marked changes during childhood. In breastfed infants a metabolic profile indicative of cobalamin deficiency is common. Symptoms of cobalamin deficiency in children differ with age, presenting a continuum from subtle developmental delay to life‐threatening clinical conditions. The symptoms may be difficult to detect, particularly in infants, and there tends to be a diagnostic delay of several months in this age group. Several reports show that even moderate deficiency in children may be harmful, and long‐term consequences of neurological deterioration may persist after cobalamin deficiency has been treated. Given the crucial role of cobalamin for normal growth and development, possible widespread infantile deficiency needs attention. Cobalamin deficiency should be considered a differential diagnosis in children with subtle symptoms, and strategies to prevent cobalamin deficiency in mothers and children should be addressed.
Protein structure prediction with the 3D-HP side-chain model using a master–slave parallel genetic algorithm
Authors: Benítez César Manuel Vargas , Lopes Heitor Silvério 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This work presents a master-slave parallel genetic algorithm for the protein folding problem, using the 3D-HP side-chain model (3D-HP-SC). This model is sparsely studied in the literature, although more expressive than other lattice models. The fitness function proposed includes information not only about the free-energy of the conformation, but also compactness of the side-chains. Since there is no benchmark available to date for this model, a set of 15 sequences was used, based on a simpler model. Results show that the parallel GA achieved a good level of efficiency and obtained biologically coherent results, suggesting the adequacy of the methodology. Future work will include new biologically-inspired genetic operators and more experiments to create new benchmarks.
Angebote zur Suchtprävention für Migranten
Authors: Bisson Susanne , Gerken Ute , Salman Ramazan , Krauth Christian , Machleidt Wielant , Walter Ulla 
Published: May 2010

Einleitung
An der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover wurde von 2004 bis 2008 das vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung geförderte Projekt „Effektivität des Zugangsweges über muttersprachliche Präventionsberater zur Optimierung des Gesundheitsverhaltens von Migranten“ durchgeführt. In Kooperation mit dem Ethno-Medizinischen Zentrum e.V., Hannover (EMZ) wurden vier Zugangswege zur Gewinnung von Teilnehmern an russisch- und türkischsprachigen Informationsveranstaltungen zu Suchtprävention untersucht.
The nutrition transition in Barbados: trends in macronutrient supply from 1961 to 2003
Authors: Sheehy T. , Sharma S. 
Published: May 2010

Barbados has been experiencing increasing rates of obesity and chronic non-communicable diseases characteristic of a country in nutrition transition. However, few studies have been carried out on how precisely the diet has changed in recent decades. Our aim was to analyse the FAO food balance sheets for Barbados from 1961 to 2003 in order to characterise the changes that have taken place in the macronutrient supply of the country during that period. Annual food balance sheets were downloaded from the FAOSTAT database, and per capita supply for twelve commodity groupings was analysed for energy and macronutrient levels using WISP dietary analysis software (Tinuviel Software, Llanfechell, Anglesey, UK). The food supply in 2003 provided over 2500 kJ (about 600 kcal) more energy per capita per d than it did in 1961. Energy from carbohydrate as a percentage of total energy has fallen from 70 % in 1961 to 57 % in 2003 and is now at the lower end of WHO recommendations. Energy from fat as a percentage of total energy increased from 19 % to 28 % and now lies at the upper end of WHO recommendations. Sugars, at over 17 % of dietary energy, are well above the upper limit set by the WHO. Despite having methodological limitations associated with the use of food balance statistics, our data suggest that these imbalances need to be addressed as a matter of priority in order to try to reverse the incidence of nutrition-related chronic diseases that are projected to cause increasing disability and premature death in the country in the coming years.