bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a questionnaire for assessing the impact of children’s food marketing exposure on diet-related outcomes
Authors: Jindarattanaporn Nongnuch , Kelly Bridget , Punpuing Sureeporn , Phulkerd Sirinya 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionThe Government of Thailand has drafted legislation to protect children from the harmful impact of unhealthy food (including beverages) marketing. Local evidence on Thai children’s exposure to, and the impact of, this marketing is necessary to, first, support the adoption of this Law and, second, to contribute to assessing policy implementation and effectiveness. This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire for examining Thai children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing and its impact on diet-related outcomes.Materials and methodsTo design the questionnaire, we first conceptualised the range of impacts of unhealthy food marketing on children’s diet-related outcomes based on published frameworks. These outcomes related to food brand loyalty, preference, purchase and consumption. We conducted a literature review to gather related questions used in earlier surveys to assess these outcomes. Using these questions, we assessed content validity with five experts. Face validity and reliability were assessed for 32 children. Validity was assessed using Content Validity Index (CVI) and Kappa statistics. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).ResultsWe identified 15 survey questions that had been used to assess the outcomes of interest. The CVI of all questions was 1.0, indicating perfect agreement with each question’s relevance by the experts. Most questions were perceived to be easy to read and comprehend, suggesting face validity. Cronbach’s alpha and ICC of all questions were both 0.75, demonstrating internal consistency across responses to questions about, separately, brand loyalty, preferences, purchase and consumption.ConclusionThe final 15-item questionnaire provides a valid and reliable survey instrument for measuring the impact of unhealthy food marketing on children’s diet-related outcomes. This instrument will be useful for gathering local evidence on the need for policy reform to protect children from unhealthy food marketing in Thailand. The instrument also provides a cost-effective approach for generating evidence in other jurisdictions to propel policy actions. This is a pilot study and the validity and reliability needs further testing after a larger-scale roll-out.
A study of self-adjointness, Lie analysis, wave structures, and conservation laws of the completely generalized shallow water equation
Authors: Ansari Ali R. , Jhangeer Adil , Imran Mudassar , Beenish  , Inc Mustafa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article explores the analysis of the completely generalized Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation through Lie symmetry analysis. The equation under consideration represents a more comprehensive form of the (2+1)-dimensional HSI equation, encompassing four additional second-order derivative terms: $$\Delta _{3}H_{\varpi \varpi }$$

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, emerging from the inclusion of second-order dissipative-type elements. We calculate the infinitesimal generators and determine the symmetry group for each generator using the Lie group invariance condition. Employing the conjugacy classes of the Abelian algebra, we transform the considered equation into an ordinary differential equation through similarity reduction. Subsequently, we solve these ordinary differential equations to derive closed-form solutions for the completely generalized Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation under certain conditions. For other scenarios, we utilize the extended direct algebraic method to obtain soliton solutions. Furthermore, we rigorously calculated the conserved quantities corresponding to each symmetry generator, the conservation laws of the model are established using the multiplier approach. Additionally, we present the graphical representation of selected solutions for specific values of the physical parameters of the equation under scrutiny.
A note on Murasugi sum of trivially extendable relative trisections
Authors: Ghanwat Abhijeet , Pandit Suhas , Selvakumar A. 
Published: June 2024

A relative trisection of a compact [Formula: see text]-manifold with connected boundary is said to be a Trivially Extendable (TE)-relative trisection if the boundary monodromy of the relative trisection is the identity map. We call a relative trisection diagram associated to a [Formula: see text]-relative trisection of a compact [Formula: see text]-manifold, a [Formula: see text]-relative trisection diagram. Due to a work of Castro and Ozbagci, there is a natural way to associate a trisection diagram to a [Formula: see text]-relative trisection diagram. In fact, every closed oriented [Formula: see text]-manifold can be realized as a [Formula: see text]-relative trisection. In this paper, we study the notion of Murasugi sum of [Formula: see text]-relative trisection diagrams. We show that a trisection diagram associated to a Murasugi sum of two [Formula: see text]-relative trisection diagrams [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is diffeomorphism and handle slide equivalent to the connected sum of the trisection diagrams associated to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. This implies that the closed oriented [Formula: see text]-manifold associated to the Murasugi sum of [Formula: see text]-relative trisection diagrams [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the connected sum of the closed [Formula: see text]-manifolds associated to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Thus, the notion of Murasugi sum can be considered for closed [Formula: see text]-manifolds in terms of [Formula: see text]-relative trisections. Finally, we discuss an external stabilization of a [Formula: see text]-relative trisection of a closed oriented [Formula: see text]-manifold. We prove that the trisection diagram associated to a stabilization of a [Formula: see text]-relative trisection diagram is diffeomorphism and handle slide equivalent to a stabilization of the trisection diagram associated to the [Formula: see text]-relative trisection diagram.
Intraovarian Injection of Lyophilized Platelet-Rich Plasma in Patients with Poor Ovarian Response
Authors: Karino Aya , Matsubayashi Hidehiko , Saito Saki , Ishibashi Yurino , Usui Kento , Doshida Masakazu , Takeuchi Takumi , Suzuki Yosuke , Ohara Yasuhiro , Ishikawa Tomomoto 
Published: June 2024

Objective: To demonstrate the effect of intraovarian injection of lyophilized platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in poor ovarian responders. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated data for 262 women who underwent intraovarian injection of lyophilized PRP at two private fertility clinics. Women treated from December 2021 to September 2022 and who met the Bologna criteria were included. Intraovarian injection of lyophilized PRP prepared from 50[Formula: see text]mL of autologous peripheral blood was followed by two centrifugations and activation with 2% CaCl2, in which cells were removed with a filter and stored at room temperature. The differences in the follicle-stimulating hormone and antral follicle count (AFC), and the number of retrieved oocytes, mature oocytes, fertilized embryos, cleavage embryos, and blastocysts were measured before and 3 months after a single injection. A biological pregnancy with embryos generated after injection was also examined. Results: Patients’ median age and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were 44 years and 0.38[Formula: see text]ng/mL, respectively. The number of retrieved oocytes or mature oocytes and fertilized embryos or cleavage embryos was higher after injection. The number of cleavage embryos in women [Formula: see text] years significantly increased after injection. Of the 262 patients who underwent intraovarian injection of lyophilized PRP, 71 underwent embryo transfers using embryos obtained 3 months after injection, and 14 had biological pregnancies. Seven of these patients were in their 40s. Out of 14, one had a live birth, six are ongoing pregnancies, six had chemical abortions, and one had a miscarriage. Conclusions: Intraovarian injection of lyophilized PRP improved egg retrieval results, especially in patients older than 40 years. Furthermore, this treatment may contribute to biological pregnancy in patient with poor ovarian response but needs to be further investigated in more cases in the future.
Racialized Economic Segregation and Treatment and Outcomes of Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Bekele Bayu B. , Lian Min , Shrestha Pratibha , Nabi Oumarou , Kozower Benjamin , Baggstrom Maria Q. , Liu Ying 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Little is known about the role of residential segregation in the treatment and outcomes of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a highly recalcitrant disease, among non-Hispanic White (NHW) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) patients.

Methods:
We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to identify men and women diagnosed with SCLC from January 2007 to December 2015 (n = 38,393). An Index of Concentration at the Extremes was computed to measure county-level racialized economic segregation and categorized into Quartile 1 (most privileged: highest concentration of high-income NHW residents) through Quartile 4 (least privileged: highest concentration of low-income NHB residents). Multilevel logistic regression was used to estimate the ORs for extensive-stage diagnosis and nonadherence to guideline-recommended treatment. HRs for lung cancer–specific and overall mortalities were computed using multilevel Cox regression.

Results:
Patients in the least privileged counties had higher risks of nonadherence to guideline-recommended treatment [OR = 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.40; Ptrend &lt; 0.01], lung cancer–specific mortality (HR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04–1.12; Ptrend &lt; 0.01), and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.09–1.17; Ptrend &lt; 0.0001) compared with patients in the most privileged counties. Adjustment for treatment did not significantly reduce the association with mortality. These associations were comparable between NHB and NHW patients. Segregation was not significantly associated with extensive-stage diagnosis.

Conclusions:
The results suggest that living in the neighborhoods with higher proportions of low-income households and Black residents had adverse impacts on stage-appropriate treatment of and survival from SCLC.

Impact:
This highlights the need for improving the access to quality lung cancer care in the less privileged neighborhoods.
Spatially Informed Gene Signatures for Response to Immunotherapy in Melanoma
Authors: Aung Thazin N. , Warrell Jonathan , Martinez-Morilla Sandra , Gavrielatou Niki , Vathiotis Ioannis , Yaghoobi Vesal , Kluger Harriet M. , Gerstein Mark , Rimm David L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
We aim to improve the prediction of response or resistance to immunotherapies in patients with melanoma. This goal is based on the hypothesis that current gene signatures predicting immunotherapy outcomes show only modest accuracy due to the lack of spatial information about cellular functions and molecular processes within tumors and their microenvironment.

Experimental Design:
We collected gene expression data spatially from three cellular compartments defined by CD68+ macrophages, CD45+ leukocytes, and S100B+ tumor cells in 55 immunotherapy-treated melanoma specimens using Digital Spatial Profiling–Whole Transcriptome Atlas. We developed a computational pipeline to discover compartment-specific gene signatures and determine if adding spatial information can improve patient stratification.

Results:
We achieved robust performance of compartment-specific signatures in predicting the outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the discovery cohort. Of the three signatures, the S100B signature showed the best performance in the validation cohort (N = 45). We also compared our compartment-specific signatures with published bulk signatures and found the S100B tumor spatial signature outperformed previous signatures. Within the eight-gene S100B signature, five genes (PSMB8, TAX1BP3, NOTCH3, LCP2, and NQO1) with positive coefficients predict the response, and three genes (KMT2C, OVCA2, and MGRN1) with negative coefficients predict the resistance to treatment.

Conclusions:
We conclude that the spatially defined compartment signatures utilize tumor and tumor microenvironment–specific information, leading to more accurate prediction of treatment outcome, and thus merit prospective clinical assessment.
Perspectives on the Intersection of Gender, Customary Laws and Land Rights in India
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Bhatnagar Kajori 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
For centuries, tribal communities in India have maintained distinct social and cultural identities, often with communal land ownership practices that were inclusive of women. The struggle of tribal women in India for land rights is a poignant manifestation of their fight against intersecting forms of oppression rooted in patriarchy, traditional power structures, and historical marginalisation. Given the existing background, this article discusses the intersection of property rights and gender relations in India, making a case for independent property rights for tribal women. It analyses the role of customary laws of inheritance in a legal pluralistic India and its conflict with positive law. The article also focuses on the role of the Indian judiciary in remedying the systemic discrimination against tribal women in India. It analyses the approach of the Indian courts in maintaining a balance between the autonomy granted to the tribes by the Indian Constitution and ensuring justice to women who are victims of such self-governance.
A Geospatial Analysis of Barriers to Cleft Lip and Palate Care in the United States
Authors: Heron Matthew J. , Rezwan Siam K. , Zhu Katherine J. , Gornitsky Jordan , Redett Richard J. , Yang Robin 
Published: June 2024

Objective This study evaluates the geospatial distribution of cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) care in the United States, assesses disparities between families with and without one-hour proximity to CL/P care, and recommends interventions for improving access. Design We identified American Cleft Palate Craniofacial Association-approved CL/P teams and calculated a one-hour driving radius around each clinic. We then used census data to compare risk factors for developing cleft (i.e., incidence risk factors) and obstacles to care (i.e., access risk factors) between counties with and without one-hour proximity. Results We identified 187 CL/P teams in 45 states. Most were in the South (n = 60, 32.0%), though children in the Middle Atlantic had the greatest access to care. Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky had the least access. Children without access were 39% more likely to have gestational tobacco exposure, 8% more likely to have gestational obesity exposure, and 28% less likely to have health insurance (p < 0.01). Children without access in the South were 29% more likely to have a low birth weight and 46% more likely to be living below the poverty line (p < 0.01). Children with access were twice as likely to live in immigrant families and 7-times more likely to speak English as a second language. Conclusions Pronounced disparities affect patients with and without one-hour access to CL/P care. Interventions should address care costs for patients living furthest without access and language barriers for patients with access that speak English as a second language.
Comparison of modeling methods and mitigation measures for curve squealing
Authors: Feng Xiaohang , Chen Guangxiong , Song Qifeng , Dong Bingjie , Ren Wenjuan 
Published: June 2024

Predicting and mitigating curve squealing has always been difficult. This study employed various modeling methods to unify the existing models and establish three finite element models (FEMs) of wheelset–track systems to predict curve squealing. The FEMs of the wheelset–track systems, which incorporated solid fasteners, negative friction–velocity slopes, and multiple wheelsets, were examined using complex eigenvalue analysis to determine their relative capacity to predict curve squeal. The inhibitory effects of damping treatments on curve squeal in both wheels and rails were also studied. The results indicate that, in an improvement on the initial model, the FEMs developed in this study can effectively predict curve squeal with frequencies of 482, 1,205, and 2154 Hz. The wheelset–track system was more likely to produce frictional self-excited vibrations under negative damping and interference from multiple wheelsets, but the impact was small. In addition, the rubber block angle of the resilient wheel was set at 15°. Increasing the damping of the rail vibration absorbers and selecting a continuous–discrete under-rail vibration absorber effectively suppressed the generation of curve squeal.
Disability level and use of long-term care services in Norway: a nation-wide registry study
Authors: Burrell Lisa Victoria , Døhl Øystein , Rostoft Siri , Berggaard Nina , Antonova Iryna , Johanne Landsjøåsen Bakken Inger 
Published: June 2024

Aims: In Norway, disability level is an important criterion when deciding the type and level of long-term care services. Each care recipient can be scored on 20 different disability level measures. Our aims were to investigate completeness in disability level information in the Norwegian Registry of Primary Health Care (NRPHC), to group disability level measures into meaningful groups, and to study the relationship between grouped disability scores and the type of services received. Methods: We retrieved information on type of care and disability level from the NRPHC on individuals who received long-term care services in 2022. Type of care was divided into hierarchical and mutually exclusive groups, with long-term institutional care as the most complex service group. We used principal components analysis to summarise and visualise the information in the 20 different disability level measures, and to create grouped scores. Results: A total of 386,697 persons aged 0–104 years were registered as recipients of long-term care services in Norway on 31 December 2022. Information on disability measures were of high completeness (72.4 % of the population were registered with all 20 measures) but was lower for younger age groups in which the number of recipients was lower. Principal components analyses identified two groups of measures, which we termed physical and cognitive functioning. Physical and cognitive functioning were poorest for individuals receiving the most complex and extensive services. Conclusions: NRPHC disability data are reasonably complete, the 20 measures readily fall into two distinct categories, and seem to reflect real life differences in disability.
Women living with infertility in Iran: A qualitative content analysis of perception of dignity
Authors: Mohammadi Fateme , Javanmardifard Sorur , Bijani Mostafa 
Published: June 2024

Background: Globally, infertility is known as a major problem which can ruin a couple’s relationship. In recent years, many studies have addressed the causes of infertility, the outcomes of treatments for infertility, and the effects of infertility on couples’ mental health; however, the concept of dignity of women living with infertility has never been examined in depth. Objective: This study aimed to explore the dignity of women living with infertility in Iran. Design: This qualitative research was conducted via conventional content analysis approach. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in Iran from February to December 2022. In this research, the data were collected through face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews with 23 women living with infertility selected via purposive sampling. The interviews were continued until reaching the data saturation point. Data analysis was performed simultaneously with data collection. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through Graneheim and Lundman style content analysis, with data management done using the MAXQDA software. To achieve the accuracy and validity of the study, the four-dimension criteria by Lincoln and Guba, namely credibility, dependability, conformability, and transformability, were considered and used. Results: Analysis of the qualitative data yielded three themes and eight subthemes. The three main themes were (1) overcoming identity crises (overcoming dysthymia, coping with unaccomplished motherhood), (2) respect for personal identity (respect for confidentiality; respect for beliefs, values, and attitudes; avoidance of stigma and pity), and (3) compassion-focused therapy (sympathizing, mental and spiritual support, and enhancement of life skills). Conclusion: Dignity of women living with infertility encompasses overcoming identity crises, respect for personal identity, and compassion therapy. The policymakers and administrators in the healthcare system can use the findings of this study to create a proper clinical environment toward preserving the dignity of women living with infertility.