bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiologic Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Palindromic Arthritis
Authors: Khattab Khalid , Shehadeh Rawan , Alnahhas Fatema Alzahraa , Saleem Mjd , Farhan Nour 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Establishing an early diagnosis of rheumatoid disease is useful in preventing the progression of irreversible damage to the bones and joints. Many radiological investigations have been developed that have helped in diagnosis in the early stage and determining the severity and progression of the disease, in addition to determining the patients’ response to treatment. These methods include simple images, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.
Methods and Materials: A retrospective study, through which patient records at Al-Mowasat University Hospital were reviewed, and the number of patients confirmed to have a rheumatic or palindromic Arthritis from the year March 2021 until March 2024 was (572) male and female patients.
Results: The percentage of males was 25%, while the percentage of females was 75%. The percentage of those aged less than 50 years was 35%, while the percentage of those aged more than 50 years was 65%. The most common joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis are the joints of the feet and hands, with a percentage of 45%. The most common clinical symptoms are stiffness. Morning and muscle pain, 75% and 60%, respectively. The most common radiological method for diagnosis is the plain image, 100%, followed by magnetic resonance imaging, 74%. Most imaging positions were anteroposterior, 97%, and lateral, 75%. The most common radiological sign on the plain image is joint injury. Metacarpophalangeal, bone hypocalcification by 45%, joint pinches were seen by 45%, the most common sign in echography is thickening of the synovial membrane 77%.
Conclusion: It is necessary to adequately raise awareness and educate patients and medical personnel about the seriousness of this disease, Early detection of rheumatoid arthritis, and the negativity of laboratory tests and x-rays can be followed up by ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging is useful and is considered the gold standard in early detection of rheumatoid arthritis.
WITHDRAWN: Who Influences Whom about What?
Authors: Garg Prashant 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study examines the dynamics of opinion formation influenced by US senators on Twitter from 2018 to 2022, focusing on nine politically charged issues such as climate change, immigration, and race relations. Leveraging advanced topic and stance detection methods with Large Language Models (LLMs) and an event study design that exploits the intricacies of Twitter's recommendation algorithm to introduce exogenous variation, the research explores both agenda-setting and stance-setting effects. Key findings reveal that senators' tweets significantly shape public discourse, with variations in influence based on topic, partisan identity, and rhetorical style. While Democrats exhibit a progressive influence across issues, Republicans show a neutral/centrist stance on cultural topics, underscoring affective polarization on immigration and abortion rights. Cognitive language is most effective for economic topics, while emotional and egocentric language enhance engagement on climate action. Conversely, toxic language generally backfires, especially on climate topics. Additionally, political communication fosters inclusive over egocentric language and emotional over cognitive expression. These insights are critical for policymakers, social media platforms, and opinion leaders aiming to leverage digital political communication to foster informed and constructive public discourse.
The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Yield And Water Productivity Of Onion (Red Bombay) Under Drip Irrigation And Mulching At Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
Authors: Dache Tsegahun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Water-saving agricultural counter measures were required to deal with the current water scarcity. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate how deficit watering affects onion yield and water productivity when drip irrigation and mulching were used. Factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used to set up the experiment. The experiment was consisted six treatments combinations: Control and two deficit irrigation (100% crop evapotranspiration with and without mulch), two mulch treatments with and without mulch, resulting in a total of 18 plots. The first factor was three different water application levels as 100 %, 80 %, 70 % of crop evapotranspiration and the second factor was three water application levels of with mulch as wheat straw mulch at 4 tons/ha and the third factor was three water application without mulch. The average yield values demonstrated that, in comparison to 70% crop evapotranspiration treatments, 100% crop evapotranspiration and 80% crop evapotranspiration irrigation levels produced greater values of total and marketable yield. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the application of mulch to wheat straw and the absence of mulch treatment significantly affected yields as well. The effects of mulching and irrigation levels on the mean bulb and clove weight of onions were highly significant (P < 0.01). However, there was a noticeable variation in the water productivity values when varying the irrigation application amounts, and applying mulch made of wheat straw, compared to without mulching condition. Based on the research's findings, it may be possible to use 100% crop evapotranspiration to produce onion yields that were comparable to those of full irrigation, and it may be useful to utilize wheat straw mulch to conserve water and increase yield. Consequently, it is possible to draw the conclusion that 100% crop evapotranspiration with straw mulch could address the issue of water scarcity and guarantee the possibility of additional irrigation expansion and agro-ecology in the studied area. Applying 100% crop evapotranspiration with straw mulch irrigation water application level over the whole growing season under drip irrigation system was advised to obtain optimal onion bulb output in locations where water was not scarce.
A comparative study between the knowledge of first-year medical students and final-year medical students in clinically diagnosing cardiac arrest and performing basic cardiorespiratory resuscitation in adults at Al-Sham Private University.
Authors: Alsamara Mohamad , Kabbani Samar , Alabdallah Hamid Ahmoud , Ghanima Abd Alslam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the level of knowledge of medical students at Al-Sham Private University regarding diagnosing clinical cardiac arrest and performing basic cardiorespiratory resuscitation in adults.
Materials and Methods: A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to medical students of all years. Students were asked to answer the questionnaire, which included questions related to performing basic cardiac resuscitation in adults.
Results: 300 samples were collected and divided into 3 groups. Each group includes two academic years of medicine. The questionnaire included 20 questions related to the steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the most important details related to it. Descriptive studies of the data indicate that 68% of group 3 underwent a first aid course, while 37% of the group 1 attended first aid training, followed by 34% in group 2, The performance of Group 3 students was better than that of Group 1 and 2 with regard to performing CPR steps
Conclusion: Knowledge of basic CPR in adults was insufficient among almost all first- and second-year medical students included in the study, Mandatory CPR training should be imposed at the university to ensure that students are equipped with the necessary skill
Cold tolerance strategy and lower temperature thresholds of Lycorma delicatula egg masses
Authors: Turbelin Anna J. , Sinclair Brent J. , Rost John , Roe Amanda D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula, Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) is a planthopper native to China and southeastern Asia invasive in North America. To inform risk assessment of northward spread, we determined cold tolerance strategy and lower lethal limits of overwintering eggs. We used field-collected egg masses from Pennsylvania, USA, and treated them with short (1 or 12 h) and long (10 or 15 days) low temperature exposures (0 °C to -25 °C). We assessed hatch rate to measure survival. We determined that L. delicatula eggs were chill susceptible and the supercooling points of individual eggs ranged from -17.4 °C to -27.7 °C. We observed successful hatch after short- and long-term exposure to temperatures below -20 °C, well below previously published thermal limits for the species. Hatch rates were lower at or below -20 °C in the short exposures, or -15 °C in our long exposures experiments then hatch rate in egg masses not exposed to any treatment. Because L. delicatula eggs survived temperatures near their supercooling points, -27.7 °C could be used as a conservative estimate of the lower lethal temperature for this life stage. Our findings suggest that L. delicatulawill be able to survive in colder climates than initially thought. Of the locations where L. delicatula has been observed in Canada, Winnipeg is the only location where prolonged extreme cold is likely to affect survival. Other regions, such as the Maritimes, southern Ontario, and southern Quebec, do not experience frequent or intense cold spells sufficient to prevent its establishment. Thus, low winter temperatures may not limit L. delicatulaoverwinter survival and establishment in many regions of Canada or other parts of the world that experience similar winter conditions.
SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and associated risk factors in healthcare settings: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bansal Amit , Trieu Mai-Chi , Eriksson Emily M , Zhou Fan , McVernon Jodie , Brokstad Karl Albert , Cox Rebecca Jane 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Reducing infection rates has been crucial to protect healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we determined the rates and potential risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar from 1 December 2019 to 5 February 2024. The potential risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs included occupational and household exposure to SARS-CoV-2; personal protective equipment (PPE) use, infection prevention and control (IPC) training; hand hygiene, aerosol generating procedures; quarantine; decontamination of high-touch areas; and working in environmental services. Odd ratios (ORs) for each risk factor were pooled from the selected studies in R.
Results: From 498 initial records, 190 articles were reviewed, and 63 studies were eligible. Globally, 10% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8-12) of 279,590 HCWs were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Household exposure (OR: 7.07; 95% CI: 3.93-12.73), working as cleaner (OR: 2.72; 95% CI: 1.39-5.32), occupational exposure (OR:1.79; 95% CI: 1.49-2.14), inadequate IPC training (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.14-1.87), inefficient use of PPE (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.14-1.84), performing aerosol generating procedures (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.21-1.52) and inadequate hand hygiene (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.79-1.73) were associated with an increased SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conversely, history of quarantine and frequent decontamination of high touch areas were protective factors against SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.08-0.60; and OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.42-0.64 respectively). These findings indicate a tiered risk of infection in HCWs.
Conclusions and Relevance: We found high global SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of 10% among HCWs. Household exposures and working as cleaner were the strongest risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas history of quarantine and frequent decontamination of high touch areas were protective. We suggest a three-step strategy (minimising exposure and decontamination practices, IPC and aerosol-limiting procedure training, and PPE use) to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Perceptions of Fluoride and Fluorosis among Saudi Community
Authors: Alrebdi Dr.Abdulaziz Brahim , Alarfaj Dr.Moath , Alrashidi Dr.Murad , Alazmi Dr.Saad , Alsharari Dr. Thani , Qasim Dr.Syed Saad B. , Alyahya Dr.Yasir 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Fluoride has been used in dentistry for a few decades to prevent dental caries, as it is a double-edged sword in nature. When a human being is exposed to more than normal fluoride levels, fluoride toxicity or fluorosis occurs. The study aimed to analyze Saudi community knowledge and views about the relevance of oral fluoride and its repercussions on health.

Material and Methods
A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 1020 Saudi people of both genders. The electronic survey was sent through social media. The questionnaire was written in Arabic and comprised 10 close-ended questions. Data was entered, cleaned, and analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 version, and necessary statistical tests like proportions and the chi-square test were performed.

Results
A total of 1020 participants participated in the study, with an age group ranging from 15 to 66 years. Most respondents were female (72.5%/), and 27.5% were male. The study survey showed that 42.8% of participants visited a dentist within the last six months. More than half of the participants (53.7%) brushed their teeth twice a day, 41.4% noted the appearance of a white spot on their teeth, and 65.9% reported a discoloration on their teeth. More than half of the people (56.7%) were aware that fluoride is significant in protecting and enhancing teeth. On the other hand, 78% of participants did not know that excessive exposure to fluoride during childhood could cause fluorosis.

Conclusion
According to this study, a substantial number of people are aware of the importance of oral care and fluoride. They were also mindful of teeth discoloration and how it affects their life. However, most participants and their parents were still unaware of the causes of fluorosis and its treatment.
Mechanical Integrity of All-on-Four Dental Implant Systems: Finite Element Simulation of Material Properties of Zirconia, Titanium, and PEEK
Authors: Chang Che-Lun , Karmakar Riya , Mukundan Arvind , Lu Shu-Hao , Choomjinda Ubol , Chen Meei-Maan , Chen Yi-Ling , Wang Hsiang-Chen 
Published: June 2024

Background
Dental implants are critical for restoring functionality and aesthetics in patients with missing teeth. The all-on-four treatment concept utilizes four dental implants to support a full-arch prosthesis. Material choice for these implants plays a crucial role in the long-term success of the treatment, affecting everything from biomechanical stability to osseointegration and patient comfort.

Aim
The purpose of this study is to analyze the biomechanical performance of three different materials used in all-on-four dental implant designs through finite element analysis (FEA). The aim is to determine which material optimally balances stress and deformation under various loading conditions.

Objective
The main objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of stress, strain, and deformation on all-on-four dental implants made from titanium, zirconia, and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). The study seeks to identify which material demonstrates the best mechanical properties under simulated functional loads.

Methods
A 3D model simulating the dental implants integrated with cancellous and cortical bone was developed. Finite element analysis was conducted to assess the biomechanical performance of the implants made from titanium, zirconia, and PEEK. A perpendicular load of 100 N was applied to the tips of the implants, followed by an oblique load of 100 N at a 30-degree angle, to simulate different chewing forces.

Results
The deformation analysis indicated that implants made of zirconia exhibited significantly lower maximum and average deformation compared to those made from titanium and PEEK. Although PEEK implants showed lower maximum and average stress, they did not perform well in stress dissipation compared to zirconia. Similar patterns of stress and deformation were observed under both perpendicular and oblique loading conditions.

Conclusion
Zirconia implants outperformed titanium and PEEK in terms of deformation and stress distribution under simulated loading conditions. This suggests that zirconia could be a superior material for all-on-four dental implants, offering better mechanical stability and potentially enhancing the longevity and success of dental restorations. Further clinical trials are recommended to validate these findings and assess the long-term outcomes of zirconia-based implants.
Circular Economy Perspective and Implications for Livestock Farming in Albania
Authors: Marku Dorjan , Minga Aldona , Sosoli Ilir 
Published: June 2024

Background
The transition to a circular economy has a principal role in driving sustainability and resilience in food systems. However, the implementation of this approach is complex, and governments should be aware of the challenges of adoption.

Objective
The aim of the study was to identify knowledge gaps and limitations influencing farmers' decisions to implement circularity, emphasizing the importance of policies, education, economic factors, and technology throughout the food chain. This paper highlights the challenges faced by farmers in adopting circular practices in livestock farming.

Methods
Through the multi-actor approach, stakeholders have identified a set of policies, education, economic, and technological factors as critical barriers that impact farmers’ decisions and value chain actors to adopt circular practices in their business operations. In this work, the respective variable categories have been tested on a large farmer population through quantitative research instruments.

Results
The results have indicated a significant relationship between variables related to political and regulatory framework categories and farmers’ motivation to implement circular practices. The findings have revealed the critical role of relevant policies and regulations, lack of subsidies, and lack of awareness by public institutions in shaping farmers' willingness to adopt circular practices in livestock production. The economic implications associated with the cost of production, investments, and operational costs have been found to impact the feasibility of circular systems.

Conclusion
Providing support to mitigate economic barriers is fundamental in improving sustainability in agri-food systems through a circular economy approach. This comprehensive approach requires establishing dedicated legislation to promote circular practices, providing support for circular economy initiatives, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders along the value chain.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Effectiveness of Passenger Transportation Processes using Intelligent Technologies
Authors: Safiullin Ravil , Arias Zunilda Parra 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
This studypresents a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of passenger transportation using intelligent technologies based on economic, technical, and operational efficiency parameters. It reviews existing approaches to efficiency assessment and proposes an optimal set of criteria for assessing the efficiency of the passenger transport process, which will allow for better planning of routes, movement schedules, and choice of transport rolling stock.

Objective
This study aims to provide a better assessment of the efficiency of passenger transport using intelligent technologies.

Aims
This article aims to carry out an integral assessment of the efficiency of passenger transport using intelligent technologies based on the criteria of economic and technical-operational efficiency, which will allow better planning of routes and schedules and selection of rolling stock

Methods
In order to obtain a comprehensive criterion for assessing the efficiency of the transportation process, diverse techniques, including computer and mathematical modeling, algorithm theory, mathematical statistics, observation, and measurement, were employed.

Results
A general criterion was created in order to evaluate the efficiency of passenger transportation processes based on the overall costs for both the user and the operator. Furthermore, a specific criterion of efficiency for passenger transportation processes has been defined: passenger-kilometers traveled. The applicability of the model is evaluated in a bus corridor in Havana. The results show that due to external factors, namely overcrowding, overall costs decrease at the same rate for both 12-meter and 15-meter buses with different intervals, while the number of passengers transported per kilometer increases at a faster rate for larger buses.

Conclusion
Choosing a criterion to assess the effectiveness of the passenger transportation process requires considering various aspects of importance that will result in passenger comfort and safety, as well as the effectiveness of the transport process. To solve this problem, it is necessary to do additional research and analyses to determine the most appropriate set of criteria under specific conditions. In particular, consider vehicles of smaller capacity to take into account volumes with variable demand.
Evaluation of Digital Mental Health Technologies in the United States: Systematic Literature Review and Framework Synthesis
Authors: Catania Julianna , Beaver Steph , Kamath Rakshitha S , Worthington Emma , Lu Minyi , Gandhi Hema , Waters Heidi C , Malone Daniel C 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundDigital mental health technologies (DMHTs) have the potential to enhance mental health care delivery. However, there is little information on how DMHTs are evaluated and what factors influence their use.ObjectiveA systematic literature review was conducted to understand how DMHTs are valued in the United States from user, payer, and employer perspectives.MethodsArticles published after 2017 were identified from MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, the Health Technology Assessment Database, and digital and mental health congresses. Each article was evaluated by 2 independent reviewers to identify US studies reporting on factors considered in the evaluation of DMHTs targeting mental health, Alzheimer disease, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Study quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program Qualitative and Cohort Studies Checklists. Studies were coded and indexed using the American Psychiatric Association’s Mental Health App Evaluation Framework to extract and synthesize relevant information, and novel themes were added iteratively as identified.ResultsOf the 4353 articles screened, data from 26 unique studies from patient, caregiver, and health care provider perspectives were included. Engagement style was the most reported theme (23/26, 88%), with users valuing DMHT usability, particularly alignment with therapeutic goals through features including anxiety management tools. Key barriers to DMHT use included limited internet access, poor technical literacy, and privacy concerns. Novel findings included the discreetness of DMHTs to avoid stigma.ConclusionsUsability, cost, accessibility, technical considerations, and alignment with therapeutic goals are important to users, although DMHT valuation varies across individuals. DMHT apps should be developed and selected with specific user needs in mind.