bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the impact of weight loss on cancer incidence and mortality
Authors: Birks S. , Peeters A. , Backholer K. , O'Brien P. , Brown W. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryObesity is well recognized as a significant risk factor for certain cancers; however, a corresponding risk reduction with weight loss is not yet clearly defined. This review aims to examine the literature investigating the effect of all types of weight loss on cancer incidence and mortality, and to more clearly describe the relationship between these two factors. A literature search identified 34 publications reporting weight loss data in relation to cancer incidence or mortality. All except one were observational studies and the majority used self‐reported weights and did not define intentionality of weight loss. 16/34 studies found a significant inverse association between weight loss and cancer incidence or mortality. The remainder returned null findings. The observed association was more consistently seen in studies that investigated the effect of intentional weight loss (5/6 studies) and the risk reduction was greatest for obesity‐related cancers and in women. In conclusion, intentional weight loss does result in a decreased incidence of cancer, particularly female obesity‐related cancers. However, there is a need for further evaluation of sustained intentional weight loss in the obese with less reliance on self‐reported weight data and more focus on male populations.
Multiple minimally invasive Erbium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser mini‐peels for skin rejuvenation: an objective assessment
Authors: El‐Domyati Moetaz , El‐Ammawi Tarek S. , Medhat Walid , Moawad Osama , Mahoney Mỹ G. , Uitto Jouni 
Published: June 2012

SummaryBackground  As the demand for minimally invasive rejuvenation is increasing, micropeel resurfacing using Erbium:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) laser 2940 nm has been reported for the treatment of photoaged skin without ablation of the epidermis. However, little is known about the efficacy and underlying histologic changes associated with this type of treatment.Aims  The aims of this study are to evaluate the clinical effect and objectively quantify the histological changes in response to multiple sessions of Er:YAG laser 2940 nm mini‐peels.Patients and methods  Six female volunteers of Fitzpatrick skin type III–IV and Glogau’s class I–III wrinkles were subjected to six microresurfacing peels at 2‐week intervals using Er:YAG 2940 nm laser at subablative fluences of 2–3 J/cm2 to treat periorbital rhytides. Quantitative evaluation of collagen types I, III, and VII, newly synthesized collagen, total elastin, and tropoelastin was performed by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry coupled with computerized morphometric analysis at base line, end of treatment, and 3 months post‐treatment.Results  Compared to the base line, evaluation of volunteers revealed obvious clinical improvement in response to Er:YAG mini‐peels. Collagen types I, III, and VII, as well as newly synthesized collagen, together with tropoelastin showed a statistically significant increase in response to treatment, while the mean level of total elastin was significantly decreased in response to treatment. However, this was followed by regression of improvement at 3 months post‐treatment but was still better than baseline.Conclusions  This study revealed that multiple Er:YAG mini‐peels is a promising treatment option for photoaging as it reverses the signs of photoaged skin with little downtime and side effects. However, to maintain the short‐term improvement achieved after treatment, continued Er:YAG 2940 nm laser mini‐peels is required.
Long‐term aesthetic outcomes with injectable poly‐l‐lactic acid: observations and practical recommendations based on clinical experience over 5 years
Authors: Rendon Marta I 
Published: June 2012

SummaryBackground  Facial rejuvenation techniques have evolved in recent decades driven by a paradigm shift to restoration of lost volume, and an increase in the number of available products. As clinical experience has increased, practitioners have further refined the use of these products.Objectives  To share observations and practical recommendations based on clinical experience with the aesthetic use of injectable poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) in patients followed for up to 5 years.Methods  Literature review and retrospective case history review of the first 100 patients treated with injectable PLLA, many of whom have been followed for over 5 years.Results  Use of injectable PLLA, alone or in combination with other products, has provided excellent and long‐lasting (up to 5 years) aesthetic results for most of the reviewed patients. Typically, patients have received one or two touch‐up sessions between years 2 and 4 after initial full correction. There were minimal adverse events of papule formation; these eventually resolved.Conclusions  Injectable PLLA is a safe and effective option for achieving long‐term patient satisfaction with soft‐tissue augmentation.
Effects of Solar Radiation on the Skin
Authors: Polefka Thomas G , Meyer Thomas A , Agin Patricia P , Bianchini Robert J 
Published: June 2012

SummaryNo one would underestimate the importance of sunlight to the evolution of life on the earth and its role in human development. However, all humans – especially individuals who are lightly pigmented or whose occupation or lifestyle exposes them to excessive amounts of sunlight – are potentially susceptible to its deleterious effects. These effects can range from acute biological responses, such as sunburn and skin tanning, to conditions resulting from chronic exposure such as photoaged skin and potentially life‐threatening conditions such as skin cancer. The objective of this review is to present a concise and up‐to‐date perspective on the effects of UVB, UVA, visible, and infrared radiation on cutaneous biochemistry and physiology.
Hair transplant for acne scars: an innovative approach
Authors: Sarangal Rishu , Yadav Savita , Dogra Sunil 
Published: June 2012

SummaryPostacne scarring is a common entity that affects patients both physically and psychologically. Treatment of facial scarring is rarely a mono‐dimensional process. Various modalities of treatments from cheaper subcision, punch techniques and excision to expensive laser resurfacing techniques are available. Treatment of postacne scars in a particular case has to be individualized, taking into consideration many factors like age, gender, types of scarring, Fitzpatrick skin type, and socioeconomic status of the patient. In this article, we describe an innovative method of simply doing hair transplantation in acne scars and hence making them less visible and cosmetically well acceptable to the patient.
Role of Adrenal Glucocorticoid Signaling in Prefrontal Cortex Gene Expression and Acute Behavioral Responses to Ethanol
Authors: Costin Blair N. , Wolen Aaron R. , Fitting Sylvia , Shelton Keith L. , Miles Michael F. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundGlucocorticoid hormones modulate acute and chronic behavioral and molecular responses to drugs of abuse including psychostimulants and opioids. There is growing evidence that glucocorticoids might also modulate behavioral responses to ethanol (
EtOH
). Acute
EtOH
activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, causing the release of adrenal glucocorticoid hormones. Our prior genomic studies suggest that glucocorticoids play a role in regulating gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of DBA2/J (D2) mice following acute
EtOH
administration. However, few studies have analyzed the role of glucocorticoid signaling in behavioral responses to acute
EtOH
. Such work could be significant, given the predictive value for the level of response to acute
EtOH
in the risk for alcoholism.MethodsWe studied whether the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, RU‐486, or adrenalectomy (ADX) altered male D2 mouse behavioral responses to acute (locomotor activation, anxiolysis, or loss‐of‐righting reflex [LORR]) or repeated (sensitization)
EtOH
treatment. Whole‐genome microarray analysis and bioinformatics approaches were used to identify PFC candidate genes possibly responsible for altered behavioral responses to
EtOH
following ADX.Results
ADX and RU‐486 both impaired acute
EtOH
(2 g/kg)‐induced locomotor activation in D2 mice without affecting basal locomotor activity. However, neither ADX nor RU‐486 altered the initiation of
EtOH
sensitization (locomotor activation or jump counts),
EtOH
‐induced anxiolysis, or LORR. ADX mice showed microarray gene expression changes in PFC that significantly overlapped with acute
EtOH
‐responsive gene sets derived by our prior microarray studies. Q‐rtPCR analysis verified that ADX decreased PFC expression of
Fkbp5 while significantly increasing
Gpr6 expression. In addition, high‐dose RU‐486 pretreatment blunted
EtOH
‐induced
Fkbp5 expression.ConclusionsOur studies suggest that
EtOH
's activation of adrenal glucocorticoid release and subsequent GR activation may partially modulate
EtOH
's acute locomotor activation in male D2 mice. Furthermore, because adrenal glucocorticoid basal tone regulated PFC gene expression, including a significant set of acute
EtOH
‐responsive genes, this suggests that glucocorticoid‐regulated PFC gene expression may be an important factor modulating acute behavioral responses to
EtOH
.
The Phosphodiesterase‐4 (PDE4) Inhibitor Rolipram Decreases Ethanol Seeking and Consumption in Alcohol‐Preferring Fawn‐Hooded Rats
Authors: Wen Rui‐Ting , Zhang Min , Qin Wang‐Jun , Liu Qing , Wang Wei‐Ping , Lawrence Andrew J. , Zhang Han‐Ting , Liang Jian‐Hui 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundAlcohol dependence is a complex psychiatric disorder demanding development of novel pharmacotherapies. Because the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling cascade has been implicated in mediating behavioral responses to alcohol, key components in this cascade may serve as potential treatment targets. Phosphodiesterase‐4 (PDE4), an enzyme that specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of cAMP, represents a key point in regulating intracellular cAMP levels. Thus, it was of interest to determine whether PDE4 was involved in the regulation of alcohol use and abuse.MethodsMale Fawn‐Hooded (FH/Wjd) rats were tested for 5% (v/v) ethanol (EtOH) and 10% (w/v) sucrose operant oral self‐administration following treatment with the selective PDE4 inhibitor rolipram (0.0125, 0.025, or 0.05 mg/kg, subcutaneous [s.c.]); rolipram at higher doses (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg, s.c.) was tested to determine its impact on the intake of EtOH, sucrose, or water using the 2‐bottle choice drinking paradigm. Subsequent open‐field testing was performed to evaluate the influence of higher doses of rolipram on locomotor activity.ResultsAcute administration of rolipram dose‐dependently reduced operant self‐administration of 5% EtOH, but had no effect on 10% sucrose responding. Time‐course assessment revealed significant decreases in EtOH consumption after rolipram (0.1, 0.2 mg/kg) treatment in continuous‐ and intermittent access to EtOH at 5% or 10%, respectively. Moreover, chronic rolipram treatment time‐dependently decreased 5% EtOH consumption and preference during treatment days and after the termination of rolipram administration. Rolipram at the highest doses (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) did decrease locomotor activity, but the effect lasted only 10 and 20 minutes, respectively, which did not likely alter long‐term EtOH drinking.ConclusionsThese results suggest that PDE4 plays a role in alcohol seeking and consumption behavior. Drugs interfering with PDE4 may be a potential pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence.
The Role of Noncoronary Cusp Ablation Approach in the Treatment of Perinodal Atrial Tachycardias
Authors: JU WEIZHU , CHEN MINGLONG , YANG BING , CHEN HONGWU , ZHANG FENGXIANG , LI MINGFANG , YU JINBO , CAO KEJIANG 
Published: June 2012

Background:

Ablation in the noncoronary aortic cusp (NCC) potentially has a role in the treatment of perinodal atrial tachycardias (ATs). The objective of the study was to characterize clinical and electrophysiological properties of perinodal ATs between two groups of requiring and not requiring NCC ablation.
Methods:

A total of 113 patients with focal ATs who underwent electrophysiologic study and radiofrequency catheter ablation were enrolled in the study. The clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of ATs that need and not need NCC ablation were compared.
Results:

Totally 20 cases were revealed to have the focal ATs located in the perinodal area. Among them, only five cases (25%) warrant ablation in the NCC, whereas the remainder could be successfully eliminated by ablation from the endocardial right atrium at the perinodal region. There were no clinical and electrophysiological clues observed to have the potential to predict the true original site, including the activation mode, the three‐dimensional mapping characteristics of earliest activation site in the right atrium, as well as the time of termination during the ablation in the perinodal area.
Conclusions:

Approximately, one‐fourth of the perinodal ATs warrant ablation in the NCC. However, no clinical and electrophysiological clues could predict the potential site of the perinodal ATs. (PACE 2012; XX:1–8)
Electrophysiology Studies in Patients Undergoing ICD Implantation: Findings from the NCDR®
Authors: CHENG ALAN , WANG YONGFEI , BERGER RONALD D. , CALKINS HUGH , BUXTON ALFRED E. , CURTIS JEPTHA P. , LAMPERT RACHEL 
Published: June 2012

Background:

Electrophysiology studies (EPS) have historically played a role in sudden death risk stratification. More recent studies point to the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) as a guide to implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) implantation. The extent of EPS use in patients undergoing ICD implantation in the current era remains unknown.
Methods:

Patients undergoing de novo ICD implantation in the ICD Registry between September 2006 and March 2009 who also underwent EPS within 30 days before implant were compared to the remaining cohort to identify clinical characteristics that correlated with EPS performance. Multivariate models were generated using hierarchical logistic regression analysis.
Results:

EPS were performed in 33,786 of 275,273 patients. Those undergoing EPS were more likely to have had a history of syncope, family history of sudden death, lack of congestive heart failure, narrower QRS intervals, and higher EF. Overall, 63.9% of EPS were performed in patients receiving primary prevention ICDs. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias were induced in 46.1% of primary prevention and 54.2% of secondary prevention ICD recipients. Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia was the most common type of arrhythmia induced in both groups. Complication rates were not higher in those undergoing EPS.
Conclusions:

EPS were performed predominantly in patients with borderline or less well‐defined risk factors for sudden death. Ventricular arrhythmias induced from EPS were not uncommon and may help identify individuals at higher risk for future ICD therapies. Efforts to better define the role of EPS in patients undergoing ICD implantation should be considered.
(PACE 2012; 35:912–918)
Regional and Voxel‐Wise Comparisons of Blood Flow Measurements Between Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DSC‐MRI) and Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) in Brain Tumors
Authors: White Carissa M. , Pope Whitney B. , Zaw Taryar , Qiao Joe , Naeini Kourosh M. , Lai Albert , Nghiemphu Phioanh L. , Wang J.J. , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Ellingson Benjamin M. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe objective of the current study was to evaluate the regional and voxel‐wise correlation between dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) and arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with brain tumors. Thirty patients with histologically verified brain tumors were evaluated in the current study. DSC‐MRI was performed by first using a preload dose of gadolinium contrast, then collecting a dynamic image acquisition during a bolus of contrast, followed by posthoc contrast agent leakage correction. Pseudocontinuous ASL was collected using 30 pairs of tag and control acquisition using a 3‐dimensional gradient‐echo spin‐echo (GRASE) acquisition. All images were registered to a high‐resolution anatomical atlas. Average CBF measurements within regions of contrast‐enhancement and T2 hyperintensity were evaluated between the two modalities. Additionally, voxel‐wise correlation between CBF measurements obtained with DSC and ASL were assessed. Results demonstrated a positive linear correlation between DSC and ASL measurements of CBF when regional average values were compared; however, a statistically significant voxel‐wise correlation was only observed in around 30‐40% of patients. These results suggest DSC and ASL may provide regionally similar, but spatially different measurements of CBF.
Risk factors for developing post‐traumatic stress disorder following childbirth: a systematic review
Authors: ANDERSEN LOUISE B. , MELVAER LISA B. , VIDEBECH POUL , LAMONT RONALD F. , JOERGENSEN JAN S. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract Background. Approximately 1–2% of women suffer from post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) postnatally. This review aims to elucidate how women at risk can be identified. Methods. A systematic search of the published literature was carried out using the MEDLINE database (November 2003 to 29 October 2010) with both MeSH terms and free text. Thirty‐one studies were considered appropriate for qualitative synthesis. Articles were included on the basis of (a) publication pertaining to PTSD following childbirth, (b) study carried out in Western Europe and (c) publication written in English. The results were primarily based on observational studies. The literature was thoroughly read and results were compiled. Furthermore, a novel quality rating system was employed to minimize the impact of bias. Results. Subjective distress in labor and obstetrical emergencies were the most important risk factors. Infant complications, low support during labor and delivery, psychological difficulties in pregnancy, previous traumatic experiences, and obstetrical emergencies were identified as risk factors. Conclusions. We have identified factors both strongly associated and non‐associated with PTSD following childbirth. While the literature is limited by methodological shortcomings, a hypothesis regarding the development of PTSD is outlined, and recommendations with respect to screening and future research are provided.
Desmin and CD34 positivity in cellular fibrous histiocytoma: an immunohistochemical analysis of 100 cases
Authors: Volpicelli Elgida R. , Fletcher Christopher D. M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground: Cellular benign fibrous histiocytoma (CBFH) represents a morphologic variant of cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma (FH). Because of its relative monomorphism and frequent fascicularity, CBFH can easily be mistaken for a malignancy. In fact, CD34, often used to distinguish CBFH from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), can also be positive. To add to the confusion, desmin positivity may also be observed in a subset of CBFH. Desmin and CD34 expression often cause interpretative difficulty which may lead to misdiagnosis. Our aim was to examine the incidence of desmin and CD34 expression in CBFH.Methods: One hundred consecutive cases of morphologically typical CBFH were retrieved from consultation files. Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features were evaluated.Results: SMA positivity was found in tumor cells in 93 of 100 cases (93%). Desmin positivity was found in 32 of 100 cases (32%). CD34 was positive in 6 of 100 cases (6%). There was no evident correlation between immunophenotype and anatomic site or other clinical variables.Conclusion: Frequent desmin (32%) and occasional CD34 (6%) expression are encountered in CBFH. Desmin positivity can be explained on the basis of myofibroblastic differentiation. The occasional CD34 positivity in a subset of CBFH should not be a deterrent from making the correct pathologic diagnosis, based on characteristic morphologic features.
TLR4 and TLR9 are induced in oral lichen planus
Authors: Siponen Maria , Kauppila Joonas H. , Soini Ylermi , Salo Tuula 
Published: June 2012

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 741–747Background:  The role of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) has been elucidated in many human infectious, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. Previously, TLR2 and TLR4 expression in oral lichen planus (OLP) was described. The aim of our study was to examine expression patterns of TLR4 and TLR9 in normal oral mucosa and OLP and describe the effect of topical tacrolimus treatment on the expression of TLR4 and TLR9 in OLP.Methods:  Toll‐like receptor 4 and TLR9 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry in five samples of normal oral mucosa and 50 samples of OLP (31 representing clinically white and 19 clinically erythematous/erosive lesions). We evaluated also the effect of topical tacrolimus on TLR4 and TLR9 expression in a patient with OLP.Results:  Toll‐like receptor 4 and TLR9 expression was increased in OLP epithelium compared with normal epithelium (P < 0.001); no significant difference between the two clinical types of OLP was observed. TLR9 expression was strongest in the superficial layer of the epithelium (P < 0.001), while the expression of TLR4 was strongest in the basal layer (P < 0.001). Treatment of OLP lesions with topical tacrolimus resulted in clinical improvement but had no effect on TLR expression levels.Conclusions:  Toll‐like receptor 4 and TLR9 are induced in OLP; our finding confirms the results of a previous study. TLR4 and TLR9 may play a part in the pathogenesis of OLP. Further studies are needed to dissect the definitive role of TLRs in OLP pathogenesis and progression and to determine the effect of tacrolimus on the function of TLRs.
Phospholipase C‐γ1 expression correlated with cancer progression of potentially malignant oral lesions
Authors: Ma Li‐Wei , Zhou Zeng‐Tong , He Qing‐Bo , Jiang Wei‐Wen 
Published: June 2012

Background:  Phospholipase C‐γ1 (PLCγ1) is required for cellular migration during tumor progression and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. The objective of the current study was to determine immunoexpression pattern of PLCγ1 in oral potentially malignant lesions (OPLs) and evaluate PLCγ1 usefulness as a biomarker for predicting clinical behavior in the carcinogenesis of OPL.Methods:  In a retrospective follow‐up study, the expression pattern of PLCγ1 protein was determined using immunohistochemistry in samples from 68 patients, including untransformed cases (n = 38) and malignant‐transformed cases (n = 30). The corresponding post‐malignant lesions (OSCCs) were also performed.Results:  We observed that elevated expression of PLCγ1 in 40 of 68 (59%) general OPLs and 23 of 30 (77%) OSCCs compared with that in normal oral mucosa. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that patients with PLCγ1 positivity had a significantly higher incidence of OSCC than those with PLCγ1 negativity. Cox regression analysis revealed that PLCγ1 expression patterns were significantly associated with increased risk of malignant progression. In addition, the correlation between PLCγ1 expression in pre‐malignant OPL and that in post‐malignant OSCC was significant (P = 0.004).Conclusion:  These data indicate that PLCγ1 expression in OPL correlated with oral cancer progression, and PLCγ1 may serve as a useful marker for the identification of high‐risk OPL into OSCC.