bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteria Isolated from Uterine Washings from Mares in the Sudan
Authors: SANOUSI S. M. EL , AMNA B. EL TAYEB , SHADAD E. Y. 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYUterine washes collected from 200 barren mares were examined at the Khartoum veterinary clinic during the period May 1977 to May 1978. A variety of bacteria was isolated from 77 per cent of the mares investigated. Thirty mares were treated by parenteral injection and intrauterine infusion of the appropriate antibiotics. Twenty‐one of these mares conceived, of which 17 delivered normal foals and 4 had early embryonic deaths.RÉSUMÉDes liquides provenant de lavages utérins de 200 Juments, furent examinés à la clinique Vétérinaire de Kartoum, entre May 1977 et May 1978. Des bactéries furent isolées dans 77 pour cent des cas. 30 poulinières furent traitées par injections parentérales et localement avec les antibiotiques appropriés. 21 de ces juments furent pleines, 17 donnèrent le jour à un poulain normal, 4 connurent des morts embryonnaires précoces.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGVon 200 leeren Stuten wurden an der tierärztlichen Klinik von Khartoum Uterusspülproben untersucht während der Periode von Mai 1977 bis Mai 1978. Aus 77% der Proben wurde eine Vielzahl von Bakterien isoliert. Dreissig Tiere wurden mit parenteralen Injektionen und intrauterinen Infusionen geeigneter Antibiotika behandelt. Einundzwanzig dieser Stuten konnten erfolgreich belegt werden, siebzehn davon gebaren anschliessend normale Fohlen, bei vier Tieren kam es zu embryonalem Fruchttod.
A survey of Early Pregnancy Losses in West German Thoroughbred Mares
Authors: Merkt H. , Günzel Anne‐Rose 
Published: April 2010

SUMMARYEmbryonic resorption is reported as the main reason for early pregnancy losses in the West German Thoroughbred mare. An analysis of breeding records for the last 11 years showed a resorption rate of 8.4 per cent. Evidence was obtained that these early embryonic losses were associated with too early conception after foaling and with the state of lactation.RÉSUMÉLes RÉSorptions embryonnaires sont tenues pour responsables de la plupart des avortements précoces chez les poulinières de Pur Sang en RFA.Au cours des onze dernières années, on estime ces RÉSorptions à 8,4 pour cent du total des poulinières en gestation.Il est établi une corrélation entre ces avortements et une conception trop proche du poulinage, et l'état de lactation.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEine embryonale Resorption wird als Hauptursache von Verlusten in der Frühträchtigkeit bei westdeutschen Vollblutstuten angesehen. Eine Analyse der Zuchtergebnisse der letzten elf Jahre zeigte eine Frequenz von embryonaler Resorption von 8,4%. Es besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen diesen frühembryonalen Verlusten mit einer zu früh erfolgten Konzeption nach der Geburt und auch mit dem Laktationsstadium.
Effect of glycerol on motility, viability, extracellular aspartate aminotransferase release and fertility of stallion semen before and after freezing
Authors: GUAY P. , RONDEAU MIREILLE , BOUCHER SUZANNE 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThe effect of different glycerol concentrations (0 to 5.3 per cent) on motility, viability and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) release of stallion spermatozoa was studied before and after deep‐freezing. Addition of glycerol to a TRIS‐fructose‐egg yolk diluent used to extend stallion semen had no effect on motility and viability of spermatozoa and it did not increase AST release. Inclusion of glycerol in the extender only partially preserved the motility and viability of stallion semen during deep‐freezing.A fertility trial revealed that concentrating stallion semen by centrifugation, followed by addition of the extender containing 7.5 per cent glycerol, had little effect on fertility and a 70 per cent conception rate was obtained in 10 mares after inseminations during one service period. Freezing and thawing horse spermatozoa, even in the presence of 7.5 per cent glycerol, significantly decreased the fertilisation rate.RésuméOn étudie, avant et après congélation de sperme d'étalon, l'effet de différentes concentrations de glycérol (jusqu'à 5, 3%) sur la motilité, la vitalité et la libération d'aspartate amino transferase (AST). L'adjonction de glycérol à un milieu de dilution composé de TRIS‐fructose‐ jaune d'oeuf afin de diluer le sperme d'étalon n'a eu aucun effet ni sur la motilité, ni sur la vitalité des spermatozoïdes et n'a pas accru la libération d'AST. L'adjonction de glycérol n'a que partiellement préservé la motilité et vitalité de la semence lors de congélation.Une épreuve de fertilitéà montré que la concentration de sperme d'étalon par centrifugation, suivie de l'addition d'un diluent renfermant 7, 5% de glycerol, n'a eu que peu d'effet sur la fertilité; un taux de conception de 70% a été obtenu sur 10 poulinières, les inséminations ayant eu lieu sur une seule chaleur. La congélation de la semence, suivie de décongélation, malgré la présence de glycérol à 7, 5% diminua le taux de fertilité.ZusammenfassungDie Wirkung verschiedener Glycerinkonzentrationen auf die Motilität, die Lebensfähigkeit und die Aspartat‐Amino=transferase‐Abgabe (AST) von Hengstspermatozoen wurde vor und nach dem Tiefgefrieren studiert. Die Zugabe von Glycerin zu von Hengstsperma durch Zentrifugation, gefolgt von einer Verdünnerzugabe mit 7.5 Prozent Glycerin, die Fruchtbarkeit wenig beeinflusst; eine Konzeptionsrate von 70% wurde bei 10 Stuten nach Insemination während einer Serviceperiode festgestellt. Tiefgefrieren und Auftauen von Pferdespermatozoen setzte die Befruchtungsrate auch nach Zugabe von 7.5 Prozent Glycerin signifikant herab.einem TRIS‐Fruktose‐Eigelb‐Verdünner bewirkte keine Einflüsse auf die Motilität und Viabilität der Spermatozoen; die AST‐Abgabe wurde auch nicht beeinflusst. Die Zugabe von Glycerin zum Verdünner vermochte während des Tiefgefrierens Motilität und Viabilität von Hengstsperma nur zum Teil zu erhalten.Eine Fruchtbarkeitsuntersuchung zeigte, dass die Konzentrierung
Exuberant granulation tissue in the stomach of a horse
Authors: MACKAY R. J. , IVERSON W. O. , MERRITT A. M. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryA 4‐year‐old stallion was examined because of a 2‐month history of inappetance and weight loss. Diarrhoea had also developed a month before presentation. Abnormal clinical findings were emaciation, diarrhoea, ventral oedema, palpable mesenteric lymph node enlargement and a large mass in the left cranial portion of the abdomen. Significant laboratory findings were anaemia (packed cell volume 0.21 litres/litre), hypoalbuminaemia (16 g/litre) and xylose malabsorption. The horse was euthanased and at necropsy a 10.5 kg pendunculated mass composed of granulation tissue was found within and attached to the stomach. There was villous atrophy diffusely throughout the small intestine. The inciting cause of the gastric mass was not determined.RésuméUn étalon de quatre ans fut examiné parce qu'il présentait des commémoratifs d'amaigrissement et d'inappétence depuis deux mois. De la diarrhée était apparue également un mois avant la consultation. Les constatations cliniques comprenaient une émaciation, de la diarrhée, un oedème ventral, une hypertrophie palpable d'un ganglion mésentérique et la présence d'une masse importante dans la partie antérieure gauche de l'abdomen. Les constatations faites au laboratoire comportaient notamment de l'anémie, un hématocrite à 0,21 %, une hypoalbuminémie (16 gr/1) et une malabsorbtion de xylose. Le cheval fut sacrifié et l'on constata à l'autopsie, la présence d'une masse pédonculée de 10,5 kilos composée d'un tissu de granulation dans l'estomac et fixée à sa paroi. Il existait une atrophie des villosités de l'intestin grêle. La cause initiale de ce processus n'a pas été précisée.ZusammenfassungEin vierjähriger Hengst wurde untersucht mit einer Anamnese von Inappetenz und Gewichtsverlust seit zwei Monaten. Ein Monat vor der Untersuchung hatte sich auch Durchfall eingestellt. Klinisch wurde festgestellt: Abmagerung, Diarrhoe, Bauchoedem, tastbare Vergrösserung der Mesenterial‐lymphknoten und ein grosser Körper vorne links im Abdomen. An bezeichnenden Laborbefunden sind zu erwähnen Anaemie, (PCV 0.21 1/1), Hypalbuminaemie (16 g/1) und Xylose‐Malabsorption. Das Pferd wurde euthanasiert und bei der Autopsie konnte eine 10,5 kg schwere, gestielte Masse aus Granulationsgewebe in und am Magen festgestellt werden. Es bestand diffuse Atrophie der Villi im ganzen Dünndarm. Die auslösende Ursache konnte nicht gefunden werden.
A field trial of ketamine anaesthesia in the horse
Authors: FISHER R. J. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryKetamine was used on 80 occasions to induce anaesthesia in 77 animals. Xylazine premedication was used alone on 75 occasions, in conjunction with methadone once, in conjunction with methadone and acepromazine once and, on three occasions, methadone and acepromazine only were used. Anaesthesia was maintained in seven cases with halothane and oxygen. Premedication with xylazine 5 mins previously or concurrently with ketamine gave similar results but an interval of more than 5 mins between the drugs produced less deep anaesthesia and this protocol is, therefore, not advised. Induction and recovery were judged to be good in 82 per cent and 78 per cent of cases, respectively, and analgesia and muscle relaxation were judged as adequate in 79 per cent of cases.
Shoulder lameness in horses: An analysis of 58 suspected cases
Authors: DYSON SUE 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThe results of a detailed investigation of 58 horses with suspected shoulder lameness are described. Lameness was found to originate distal to the shoulder region in 22 horses. No diagnosis was reached in five horses. Genuine shoulder problems occurred in 29 horses. The clinical signs of shoulder lameness are described and contrasted with lower limb lameness. The limitations of currently available diagnostic techniques are discussed. Problems identified in the shoulder region included osteochondritis dissecans, subchondral bone cysts, arthrosis, fracture, luxation, septic arthritis and soft tissue damage. Some of the differences between osteochondritis dissecans and subchondral bone cysts are described and it is suggested that these are two separate conditions.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of fetlock annular ligament constriction in the horse
Authors: DIK K. J. , van den BELT A. J. M. , KEG P. R. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThe diagnosis of restriction of free movement of the flexor tendons through the fetlock canal usually rests on the characteristic clinical appearance of this condition, or air‐tendography. In a series of seven normal Warmblood horses and 16 diseased horses of various breeds, the efficacy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of this condition was determined. In normal limbs, the annular ligament is a very thin structure usually not visible on sonograms. In diseased limbs, ultrasonography outlined flexor tendon injury, distension and thickening of the digital sheath, peritendovaginal tissue proliferation and thickening of the annular ligament. Four different types of constriction syndrome were noticed. The first type (nine cases), was characterised by thickening of the annular ligament and distension of the digital sheath; the second type (three cases) was dominated by distension of the digital sheath; the third type (three cases) was characterised by superficial digital flexor tendon injury and thickening of the annular ligament and in the fourth type (one case), the constriction resulted from distension of the digital sheath and extensive peritendovaginal tissue proliferation.
Blood gas analyses on equine blood: required correction factors
Authors: FEDDE M. R. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryCorrection factors have been determined to obtain the best estimates of PO2, PCO2 and pH in equine blood with standard blood gas and pH electrodes. There was a significant difference between the PO2 readings for tonometred blood of most horses and the equilibrating gas. Thus, if the PO2 electrode is calibrated with a gas, an electrode correction factor should be obtained by tonometring a blood sample from each horse. This factor was not dependent on packed cell volume. No such correction is required for the PCO2 electrode. If the animal's temperature differs from that of the analyser, the PO2, PCO2 and pH values must be corrected to the animal's body temperature. Temperature correction factors determined for equine blood were similar to those for human blood. Failure to make temperature corrections can result in errors for PO2 and PCO2 of 6 to 7 per cent per degree of temperature difference.
The incidence of abnormal limb development in the Irish Thoroughbred from birth to 18 months
Authors: O'DONOHUE D. D. , SMITH F. H. , STRICKLAND K. L. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryA two part survey was carried out in Irish Thoroughbred horses in 1988 and 1989 to establish the incidence and prevalence of developmental skeletal problems, particularly possible manifestations of developmental orthopaedic disease (DOD). Survey One was a retrospective study based on a questionnaire involving the foal crops of 46 stud farms for 3 successive seasons; the 1711 animals initially documented represented 10.46% of Irish foal registrations. The second survey involved repeated monitoring of the 1988 foal crop from birth to 18 months of age on 17 stud farms. The 248 foals initially examined represented 4.24% of foal registrations. Treatment for DOD was deemed necessary for 11.3% of the animals in Survey One. Angular limb deformities and physeal dysplasia (“epiphysitis”) together constituted 72.9% of the cases treated. The peak incidence of DOD problems occurred between weaning and the end of December. More than half the animals treated (53.9%) recovered completely, ie achieved expected sale value as yearlings, 27.5% of those treated showed incomplete recovery and mild to moderate loss of sale value and the remaining 18.7% were killed or lost much of their sale value. In the second survey, while 67% of animals exhibited some form of DOD, the incidence and severity of problems treated were not significantly different from those of farms in Survey One. Again, physeal dysplasia and angular limb deformity were the predominant clinical conditions and their severity was greatest during the early winter. During the suckling phase colts had a significantly greater incidence of DOD. At all other stages the incidence and severity of DOD was similar in both sexes. However, in the severely affected categories significantly more colts than fillies were killed. There were significant differences amongst stud farms in the incidence and severity of DOD.
Treatment and pathogenesis of navicular disease (‘syndrome’) in horses
Authors: LEACH D. H. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThe future directions of navicular disease research are unclear. Often researchers investigate only one of the multitude of factors likely to be important in understanding the disease. Two exceptions to this is work done by Wright in this issue of EVJ and by MacGregor (1988) who compared a number of the treatment regimens (e.g. rest, warfarin, isoxuprine, shoeing with egg bars) and found that ∼ 75% of the horses improved in their performance.Perhaps this percentage of ‘recovered’ horses from this disease is what can be realistically expected, as often horses with navicular disease remain undiagnosed until the disease has advanced to the stage where problems exist in the foot or to where the conformation‐balance of the hoof is irrecoverable. Perhaps the key to controlling the disease is prevention by maintaining good overall hoof husbandry in a conservative and consistent manner. I would advocate that efforts be made to evaluate hoof ‘balance’ and the validity of the hoof wall‐pastern axis being parallel, as these are clearly of importance in this debilitating disease.
Observations on the anatomy and pathology of the palmar intercarpal ligaments in the middle carpal joints of Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: PHILLIPS T. J. , WRIGHT I. M. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryTen carpi from juvenile Thoroughbred horses were dissected in detail to record the anatomy of the palmar intercarpal ligaments (PICLs). These were found not to be substantially attached to the palmar carpal ligament. The lateral PICL was sited at the convergence of the palmar aspects of the third, fourth, intermediate and ulnar carpal bones and aligned predominantly in a proximodistal direction. The medial PICL had a large origin distally on the lateral aspect of the radial carpal bone (Cr) and attached to third (C3) and second (C2) carpal bones with apparently separate fibre orientations. Fibres between Cr and C3 aligned obliquely from dorsoproximomedial to palmarodistolaterai which corresponds to the direction of movement of Cr relative to C3 during carpal extension.Video recordings of arthroscopic evaluations of 67 middle carpal joints of juvenile Thoroughbred horses in race training were reviewed retrospectively and the osteochondral and ligamentous pathology visible in each recorded. Damage to the Cr‐C3 part of the medial PICL was present in 47 (70%) joints and, in 6 joints, comprised complete rupture of this branch. A significant (P<0.001) relationship was found between the presence of remodelling of the dorsodistal margin of Cr and the severity of ligament damage.It is considered that the orientation of fibres of the Cr‐C3 branch of the MPICL is consistent with a putative role to alternate forces borne by Cr and C3 during axial loading of the limb and that the injuries of this structure seen in young racehorses may represent a fatigue‐type pathology analogous to that seen concurrently in the related osteochondral tissues.
Seroanalysis of Tyzzer's disease in horses: implications that multiple strains can infect Equidae
Authors: HOOK R. R. , RILEY LELA K. , FRANKLIN C. L. , BESCH‐WILLIFORD CYNTHIA L. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryA monoclonal antibody based competitive inhibition assay was used to detect antibodies in horse sera to purified flagellar antigens from distinctClostridium piliformeisolates. Sequential absorption of hyperimmune rat serum to C.piliformeisolate E (horse‐origin isolate), a positiveC. piliforme‐immune horse serum, and other suspected immune horse sera with unrelated bacteria orC. piliformeisolates E or isolate R1 (rat‐origin isolate) alone demonstrated the specificity of this assay forC. piliforme. This specificity was associated with the inhibition of monoclonal antibody binding toC. piliformeflagella, rather than toC. piliformesomatic antigens, by horse immunoglobulins partially purified from serum. Thirty seven of 162 horse sera possessed large amounts of antibody to the flagella ofC. piliformeisolate E and 23 of the 162 had large amounts of antibody to the flagella ofC. piliformeisolate R1; 9 of the sera possessed large amounts of antibody to both flagellar antigens. Absorption of these sera with isolate E or R1 demonstrated that antibody reactivity to the 2C. piliformeisolates was isolate‐specific and not due to antibody cross‐reactive with both isolates. These results suggest that infection of horses withC. piliformemay be relatively common; and that they are susceptible to at least 2 distinct strains.
Endoscopic examination of the carpal flexor tendon sheath in horses
Authors: CAUVIN E. R. J. , MUNROE G. A. , BOYD J. S. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryThis study was undertaken to design a safe technique to examine the carpal flexor tendon sheath (carpal sheath) of horses endoscopically, using an arthroscope. The limbs from 15 horses were used to study the normal anatomy of the carpal sheath and related structures, establish a safe approach and endoscopic technique, and determine the normal endoscopic appearance of the sheath. Major arteries, veins and nerves, present within and around the sheath, left few ‘safe’ areas to insert the endoscope. Several portals were assessed and a distal lateral approach was found to be safest and to allow adequate visualisation of most of the sheath. The surgical technique and normal endoscopic findings are described in detail and discussed.
Dextran‐70 inhibits equine platelet aggregation induced by PAF but not by other agonists
Authors: HEATH M. F. , EVANS R. J. , HAYES L. J. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryDextrans of mean molecular weight 70 kDa (dextran‐70) have had clinical use as antithrombotics in man. A major part of the anti‐thrombotic action is mediated via inhibition of platelet function. Greatorex (1975, 1977) treated thromboembolic colic in horses with infusions of dextran‐70 and reported a 90% recovery rate, but this treatment is nonetheless rarely used. We have used anin vitromethod to examine the effect of dextran‐70 on equine platelet suspensions, in the hope that understanding the mechanism of action of dextran‐70 might lead to the development of alternative therapeutic agents. The effects of dextran‐70 on equine platelets occurred immediatelyin vitrowith an initial activation and shape change. Subsequent assessment of aggregation revealed a dose‐dependent specific inhibition of platelet‐activating factor (PAF)‐induced aggregation, significant in rate of aggregation at dextran‐70 concentrations >40 g/l (P<0.05) and in extent of aggregation at dextran‐70 concentrations >50 g/l (P<0.05). Preincubation with 60 g/l dextran‐70 significantly inhibited the rate and extent of aggregation in response to PAF (1 nmol/l) (P<0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively) but this was not dependent on the duration of pre‐incubation (from 0 to 150 min). No effects were seen when the agonist was adenosine 5′‐diphosphate (200 nmol/l), collagen (10 mg/l), 5‐hydroxytryptamine (100 pmol/l) or 1144069 (600 nmol/l) (all P>0.1). Analysis of PAF concentration‐aggregation curves after pre‐incubation with 60 g/l dextran‐70 indicated significant noncompetitive inhibition by dextran‐70 (P<0.001 for rate and extent of aggregation). The ability of dextran‐70 to inhibit responses of equine platelets to PAF is probably an important component of its beneficial effect as an antithrombotic in colic cases.
In vitro mechanical properties of different equine hoof wall crack fixation techniques
Authors: PARDOE C. H. , WILSON A. M. 
Published: April 2010

SummaryHoof wall cracks need mechanical stabilisation to allow healing. Common techniques are fixation with screws, wires and plates or bonding of a patch across the crack. An in vitro system to determine the shear properties of equine hoof crack repairs is described. The force and displacement at yield, stiffness and ultimate force were determined for 4 repair techniques based on an acrylic material, polyurethane patch attached with cyanoacrylate adhesive, steel plate attached with screws and a transverse metal bar cut into the hoof wall. The cyanoacrylate bonded patch repair had lower values for all parameters measured (n = 8, P<0.05) and the other 3 repairs had similar mechanical properties. This study demonstrates that acrylic adhesive repairs can resist similar shear forces to traditional screw plate repairs without risk of penetrating into the sensitive structures of the foot. The transverse bar mounted across the crack had similar resistance to shear as the much larger screw plate and plain bonding repair techniques. This novel technique may be a useful adjunct to other repair methods.
Non-archimedean canonical measures on abelian varieties
Authors: Gubler Walter 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFor a closedd-dimensional subvarietyXof an abelian varietyAand a canonically metrized line bundleLonA, Chambert-Loir has introduced measuresc1(L∣X)∧don the Berkovich analytic space associated toAwith respect to the discrete valuation of the ground field. In this paper, we give an explicit description of these canonical measures in terms of convex geometry. We use a generalization of the tropicalization related to the Raynaud extension ofAand Mumford’s construction. The results have applications to the equidistribution of small points.