bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Activation and Appearances of Epileptiform Abnormalities in Routine Electroencephalography by Different Provocation Methods
Authors: Nazish Saima 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The objective of this study was to observe the effects of various clinical factors on the activation and appearance of epileptiform abnormalities (EAs) in routine electroencephalography (rEEG) by different provocation methods.

Methods:
This observational study involved a review of 136 patients presented for EEG recording due to various indications and their EEG showing EAs during various provocation methods.

Results:
Generalized spike-wave discharges (GSWDs) were the most frequent activated epileptiform pattern observed in, 81 (59.1%) recordings. This pattern was seen mainly in females 49 (P = 0.00), in patients with generalized seizures 48 (P = 0.00), in prolonged EEG records 3 (P = 0.03), and in both genetic 35 (P = 0.00) and lesional epilepsies 21 (P = 0.00). Focal sharp waves with bilateral synchrony (FSWSBS) were the most activated ictal pattern (P = 0.00). Ictal EAs after hyperventilation (HV) (P = 0.03) and intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) (P = 0.01) were mainly observed in patients with uncontrolled seizures (P = 0.00), and immune-mediated epilepsy (P = 0.02). Females sex (odds ratio [OR]: 1.33, confidence interval [CI]: 0.6–2.6; P = 0.25), bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (OR: 1.17, CI: 0.5–2.4; P = 0.31) and lesional epilepsies (OR: 1.45, CI: 0.7–2.9; P = 0.20) had risk of activation of EAs by provocation methods; however this risk was not statistically significant. While sleep deprivation (SD) (OR: 6.33, CI: 2.2–18.2; P = 0.00), nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM) (OR: 2.41, CI: 1.0–5.4; P = 0.00), and prolong EEG recording (OR: 1.91, CI: 0.9–3.9; P = 0.04) were leading to a statistically significant risk of activation and appearances of EAs due to provocation.

Conclusion:
Different provocation methods can activate and augment the variety of EEG patterns of diverse clinical significance. Detection of activated ictal EAs is dependent on various patient factors, including seizure control, and the provocation method applied. Further larger prospective cohort studies with adequate sample sizes are warranted.
A Retrospective CBCT Evaluation of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve’s Anterior Loop in Odisha People
Authors: Bajoria Atul Anand , Sangamesh NC , Mishra Silpiranjan , Samanta Anupa , Sahoo Sanjay Kumar , Vijayalaxmi P 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve is the portion of the nerve that is located anterior to the mental foramen before it exits the canal.

Objectives:
The objective of the research was to assess anterior loop in the Odisha population.

Materials and Methods:
For this study, a random selection of 100 CBCT scans representing 200 hemi-mandibles was made. Descriptive statistics were used to compute the distribution of the mental nerve pattern according to gender, age, and the presence or absence of dysplastic features. Frequency and percentages were then used to show the results.

Results:
There was significant difference among male and female on left and right side for anterior loop. 28% of studied population had loop and 72% without loop out of 100 participants. Pattern III was common type followed by patter I. Right side had slightly more loop than left side. Loop length distribution was significant.

Conclusions:
It was concluded that loop is a common finding; hence it must be evaluated before doing any surgical procedure in that anatomical location.
Thermal, X-ray spectroscopy, morphological, density functional theory and molecular modeling studies on yttrium(III), germanium(IV), tungsten(VI), and silicon penicillinate antibiotic complexes
Authors: A. El-Habeeb Abeer , Shakya Sonam , Y. El-Sayed Mohamed , S. Refat Moamen 
Published: May 2024

This manuscript elucidates the thermal stability analysis of four distinct penicillinate complexes, comprising yttrium(III), germanium(IV), tungsten(VI), and silicon, over a temperature ranging from 25 to 800°C. Thermal data revealed the high thermal stability nature of the decomposition steps. According to the spectroscopic measurements, the chemical formula of penicillinate complexes were [Y(Pin)2].Cl.6H2O complex (1), [Ge(Pin)2].2Cl.2H2O complex (2), [W(Pin)2].4Cl complex (3), and [Si(Pin)2].2Cl.2H2O complex (4). The powder XRD pattern revealed crystalline to polycrystalline natures. The synthesized penicillinate complexes were subjected to theoretical calculations utilizing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, employing the lanL2DZ/6-311G++ level of theory. The optimized geometry of each penicillinate complex was discerned, and a comprehensive evaluation of various properties, including the HOMO→LUMO electronic energy gap, molecular electrostatic potential map, and additional physical parameters, was conducted and validated against experimental findings. Molecular docking tool was used to explore the anticancer activity of the synthesized penicillinate complexes in comparison with penicillin potassium drug (Pin). For the computational investigation, two kinases — CSF1R (PDB ID: 7MFC) and MEK2 (PDB ID: 1S9I) associated with breast cancer progression and estrogen-dependent breast cancer were utilized. This comprehensive analysis provides a deeper understanding of the synthesized penicillinate complexes and their potential applications.
KEY WORDS: Penicillinate complexes, TGA-DrTGA, TEM, XRD, DFT/TD-DFT, Molecular docking
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 973-988.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.13
Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial studies of some of first transition series metals and zinc complexes with mixed ligands of trimethoprim-isatin and nitrogen base
Authors: Y. Al-Assafe Amaal , A.S. Al-Quaba Rana 
Published: May 2024

Complexes of mixed-ligand Schiff bases [trimetho-prim (TMP) with isatin] (L1) and nitrogen bases [2,2′-bipyridine (bipy)] (L2), [1,10-phenanthroline (phen) (L3)] with metal chlorides: M = Cr3+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ were prepared and characterized by metal content determination (%), FT-IR, electronic, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, conductance measurements and elemental analysis (CHN). The bacterial activity of the ligands and their metal compounds was evaluated via various microorganisms. Infrared spectra of Schiff base showed an azomethine peak shifted in complexes that coincide synthesis and coordination of Schiff base through the nitrogen atom of azomethine C=N) and the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group of L1 with metal ions. L2, L3 (bipy, phen) coordinated through the di imine nitrogen atoms. Conductance dimensions suggested the non-conductance nature of all the compounds except Cr(III) complexes, this outcome fits in with the molar conductance value estimated for 1:1 electrolyte in DMF. Magnetic susceptibility analysis and electronic spectra indicated an octahedral geometry for all complexes. Biological study for prepared compounds have been evaluated towards pathogenic microbes Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Some compounds have stronger antibacterial action than Schiff base towards tested microbes.
KEY WORDS: Antimicrobial, Heterocyclic compounds, Schiff base, Trimethoprim drug, 2,2-Bipyridyl, 1,10-Phenanthroline
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 1013-1025.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.16
Secondary metabolites and essential oil analysis of Clematis simensis with antioxidant and antibacterial activities
Authors: Dilnesa Gashaw Abraham , Gebreheiwot Bedane Kibrom , Mamo Hassen , Ele Yaya Estifanos , Abebayehu Desta Mekonnen 
Published: May 2024

Clematis simensis is one of the most commonly used folk medicines in Ethiopia. This study was aimed to investigate the chemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the aerial part of Clematis simensis, and analysis of the composition of its essential oil. The phytochemical study led to the isolation of five compounds: 1-tricosanol (1), 1-hexacosanol (2), 2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone (3), 5-hydroxylevulinic acid (4), and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (5). Their chemical structures were determined by a comprehensive analysis of HR-ESI-MS, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and 1D/2D NMR experiments. The chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial part of Clematis semenses were determined by GC-MS, which led to the detection of ten major compounds: (E)-2-nonen-1-ol (38.33%), 4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione (28.69%), cyclofenchene (5.65%), benzene acetaldehyde (4.74%), methyl salicylate (2.77%), salicylaldehyde (2.68%), benzaldehyde (2.60%), α-terpineol (2.10%), eucalyptol (1.21%), and 2,6-dimethylcyclohexanol (1.15%). Compound 4 showed high antioxidant activity (IC50 14.89 μg/mL) but has no antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. According to the antimicrobial parameters, crude extract showed very weak activity at 500 mg/mL, 250 mg/mL, and 125 mg/mL. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation of secondary metabolites from Clematis simensis.
KEY WORDS: Clematis simensis, Essential oil, Phytochemical investigation, Biological activities
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 1037-1049.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.18
Analytical data of Acacia nilotica var. Nilotica gum
Authors: A.E. Satti Amira , E. Osman Mohammed , A. Hassan Elfatih , Al-Assaf Saphwan 
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to characterize the exudate gum from Acacia nilotica var. nilotica in Sudan and compare its physicochemical properties to Acacia seyal var. seyal and Acacia senegal var. senegal (gum Arabic). Samples were collected from six different states in Sudan over three seasons. The gum had a moisture content of 10.50%, ash content of 1.86%, pH value of 5.19, specific optical rotation of +94.70, intrinsic viscosity of 10.44 cm3 g-1, nitrogen content of 0.024%, protein content of 0.16%, acid equivalent weight of 1907.82, and total uronic acid content of 10.18%. Sugar content analysis revealed arabinose (41.20%), galactose (17.43%), and rhamnose (10.68%). Potassium was the predominant cation, followed by calcium, magnesium, sodium, lead, and iron. Acacia nilotica was classified as part of the Gummeferae series and exhibited a positive specific optical rotation. The Number average molecular weight (Mn) was estimated using osmometric measurements and gel permeation chromatography. The gum had a higher molecular weight and lower intrinsic viscosity compared to gum Arabic, suggesting a spheroidal shape of molecule. Amino acid analysis showed similarities with gum Arabic, with hydroxyproline and serine as principal amino acids. Variations in cationic composition were attributed to differences in soil type among collection locations.
KEY WORDS: Physicochemical characterization, Acacia senegal var. senegal gum, Acacia seyal var. seyal gum, Acacia nilotica var. nilotica gum, gammiferae
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 839-852.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.2
Quantification of phenolic compounds in dietary supplements and antioxidant activities
Authors: Kızılkaya Beray , Akpınar Reyhan , Yıldırım Baştemur Gizem , Perçin Özkorucuklu Sabriye 
Published: May 2024

Dietary supplements (DS) are products that are recommended for the treatment of various health issues, especially during the global pandemic, and the accuracy of the labeling information of these supplements plays a significant role in human health. In this study, a novel high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method was developed and validated to determine the accuracy of the labeling information of commercial dietary supplements containing phenolic compounds (rutin, quercetin, and resveratrol). The mobile phase, flow rate, and column temperature were optimized. Validation studies were carried out to prove the validity of the developed method. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values ​​of rutin, quercetin, and resveratrol were found in the range of 4.83-6.62 ng/mL and 16.09-22.07 ng/mL, respectively. Recoveries% were calculated in the range of 99.52-100.19% and 99.78-100.34% in the intra-day and inter-day analysis, respectively. The IC50 values of the dietary supplement extracts obtained by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method ranged from 0.08 to 0.76 mg/mL. Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) values of DS1, DS2, DS3, DS4, DS5, measured employing the Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) method, were found to be 0.09, 0.03, 0.10, 0.10 and 0.40 mmol trolox per gram of extract, respectively.
KEY WORDS: Dietary supplement, HPLC-DAD, Phenolic compound, Antioxidant activity
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 853-862.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.3
Synthesis of substituted heterocyclic with their cobalt(Ⅱ) complexes from 2-amino- thiazoles and evaluation of their biological activity
Authors: Zuhair Husain Amra , S. Al-Jawaheri Yassir , Y. Al-Assafe Amaal 
Published: May 2024

In this research, acetophenone and thiourea reacted in the presence of iodine to produce 2-amino-4-phenylthiazoles (1, 2). These compounds were then used in three different reactions to create substituted Schiff-bases (3-5) by further reactions with substituted benzaldehyde. To produce thiazole, they were first reacted with sodium azide (6). After adding maleic anhydride, they interacted with thioglycolic acid to yield oxazepine (7), and lastly, thiazolidine (8). The synthesised compounds (1-8) were confirmed to have their structures clarified by CHNS and spectroscopic methods such as infrared, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. After being produced (1-4, 6-8), these compounds were used in 2:1 ratio reaction with CoCl2.6H2O to generate cobalt complexes (9-15). These complexes' magnetic characteristics, thermal analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were investigated. Several produced compounds were also tested against the growth of four different types of bacteria.
KEY WORDS: Schiff-bases, Thiazole, Oxazepine, Thiazolidine, Cobalt complexes
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 909-922.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.8
An Analysis of Judicial Intervention and Assistance for Arbitral Proceedings: A Look at the Courts of Ghana
Authors: Awuni Peter Apuko , Agyapong Nana Ama 
Published: May 2024

Without the support of national courts, arbitral tribunals are unable to function properly, particularly in situations involving the enforcement of arbitration agreements, procedural orders, and arbitral awards, among other things. The arbitral tribunal cannot compel a party to carry out a task, or obligation, or fulfil an obligation. The court has the authority to order a party to carry out an order and can also impose harsh consequences for contempt of court, such as fines, imprisonment, or other punishments. Unless the issue(s) before the court are non-arbitrable pursuant to section 1 of the Alternative Disputes Resolution Act, 2010. The courts of Ghana have the capacity and jurisdiction to enforce applications by a party for arbitration. The New York Convention, which also grants national courts of contracting states authority to hear cases involving the enforcement of arbitration agreements, has been ratified and domesticated by Act 798 under the First Schedule. The paper argues that even though national courts are permitted by statutory laws and international conventions to assist in arbitral proceedings, courts must exercise some restraint and must not be in a hurry to inherit jurisdiction and interfere with disputes before arbitration, since arbitration proceedings are considered alternative methods of resolution of disputes to litigation, and unless expressly provided for and in obvious instances devoid of any controversy. A purported judicial assistance should not be used to whittle away the function of arbitral tribunals and render nugatory the benefits that are to be derived from these proceedings as it would defeat the concept of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). The paper concludes by suggesting that unnecessary interventions by some national courts including Ghana appear to be interfering with party autonomy as well as the competence of the arbitral tribunal, hence, hindering the purpose for which the Alternative Dispute Resolution Act 2010 was enacted and other supporting legislations and conventions as an alternative to litigation which is non-voluntary, expensive, acrimonious and complicated.
Africa in the Eye of Contemporary African Child: A Psychoanalytical Reading of Noviolet Bulawayo’s <i>We Need New Names</i>
Authors: Anyanwu Patricia Ngozi 
Published: May 2024

Even with the immense global innovations in technology and education, millions of children in most African nations are out of school. They are denied education due to greedy political leadership and irresponsible parenting in their respective nations. Zimbabwe is one of such African nations. The unfortunate predicaments of children in this nation many years after decolonization are dramatized in Noviolet Bulawayo’s We Need New Names. In this narrative, Bulawayo engages the technical elements of voice, action and settings to expose the vulnerability of contemporary Zimbabwean children. Through Darling, who is the child protagonistnarrator, we glimpse into the unfortunate realities of the contemporary Zimbabwean children: they are out of school, neglected, and starved, physically, emotionally and sexually abused amongst many other atrocities against them. Using the qualitative research method, as well as Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical strand of Child Development Theoretical paradigm, this study has not only examined the various aspects of physical and psychological abuses of the contemporary African child, but has also discovered that these supposed future leaders can only access qualitative education, decent shelter, food and modern technology through migration to other developed climes, particularly the United States of America and Dubai, a journey from which they are not likely to return soon. This unfortunate development portends a bleak future for most of these nations and the continent at large.
Exploring the Perception and Attitude of Engineering Students towards Communication Skills Course
Authors: Owusu-Ansah Victoria , Anane Caroline Aba 
Published: May 2024

This study explores the perception and attitude of engineering students in Accra Technical University towards Communication Skills as a course. Attitude towards Communication Skills is an important concept because it plays a key role in language learning, as well as career performance. However, with the ever-growing age of globalisation, international and cross-cultural communication, the need for communication skills has increased, especially among engineers who feed on ideas from local and international collaborations. It has become imperative for engineering graduates to acquire a range of skills to maintain relevance with the global setting of the new era. Communication skills is one of the vital skills recognised by academia and industry alike. This quantitative study examines students’ perception and attitude towards communication skills as a course, and bring to bear some reasons for the perceived poor performance in the course. The research instruments used to collect data were questionnaires and observation. The study observed that most of the students in the first year of their study had negative perception and attitude towards communication skills, contrary to students in the final year who had positive responses towards the course.
When Conventional Medicine Fails: Bori and Olokun Ritual Dance as Treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) for Nigerian Armed Forces
Authors: Ikem Awele Peace , Ihidero Victor Osae 
Published: May 2024

This article attempts a conceptualisation of African ritual dance therapy (ARDT) as a distinct form and practice of dance movement therapy (DMT). We argue that Bori and Olokun dances, two of Nigeria’s most potent ritual dances, possess therapeutic elements that bear on the treatment of combatants of the Nigerian armed forces currently engaged in a theatre of war against terrorism and banditry in Nigeria. Our argument is premised on the discovery that military hospitals in Nigeria is currently over-stretched with about 57% of the military and paramilitary personnel (participants) suffering from post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) resulting from their encounters with terrorists’ cells and bandits. We argue against the institutional frame that sanctions the normalization of conventional medical practice as well as medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of men of the armed forces faced with PTSD. We use ARDT dance ethnography as a theoretical premise to contend that African ritual dance therapy (ARDT) offers an alternative curation for the men of the Nigerian Armed Forces. We use the research instrumentations of focus group discussion and ARDT workshop sessions to get data from 12 para/military participants. We found out that the Bori and Olokun ARDT convey diverse spirit-restorative medicaments that can serve the Nigerian Armed Forces.
Aspects of Innovative Language Use in Femi Adedina’s <i>Highway to Nowhere</i>
Authors: Sonde Simeon Olufunso , Adedina Femi 
Published: May 2024

Code switching and mixing, lexical transfer, loan blend and semantic extension are innovations in the novel of Femi Adedina’s, Highway to Nowhere (HTN), the text used in this paper. Barbaresi’s Morphopragmatics, which integrates morphology and pragmatics, is the theoretical perspective. Our analysis focused on the aspects of code switching/ mixing, lexical transfer and loan blend used in HTN. Yoruba codes that cannot be pragmatically translated into English language codes but switched and mixed were analysed. Meaning of terms that contain semantic extension, figurative/proverbial and deep traditional Yoruba meanings were explicated. Lexical transfer of items like mágùn, Ìkòkò, Àkosèjáyé, etc., were done to locate the novel in Yoruba traditional and cultural contexts. The study concluded that writers of literary works in English as a second language should preserve the sacred codes/names that things are called in their cultures in the process of translating their experiences to other languages.
Challenges and Prospects of Contemporary Nigerian Textile Design
Authors: Onwuakpa Lovina Ebele 
Published: May 2024

Nigerian textile in all its ramifications is one of the oldest art practices in Nigeria. While it is worthwhile to note that textile design repertoire has been a major part of the nation’s identity, textile designers who form a considerable part of the workforce are confronted with challenges. On one hand, the current trend in globalisation has exposed textile designers to new materials and techniques as well as the potential influences of other world cultures. This paper contends that in the quest to become globalised, the traditional African cultural heritage is being sacrificed on the altar of modernization. On the other hand, the introduction of new materials and techniques counts among the instruments or tools for positive impact. It is on this premise that one can say that contemporary Nigerian textile designers alongside their designs are reminiscent or reflect a society in the cusps of change in terms of challenges and prospects. Hence, this article offers some useful knowledge on this development as it establishes the extent to which Nigerian textile designers had suffered from several inadequacies that posed as challenges. It also highlights some reasonable prospects for growth or advancement in the industry in Nigeria.