bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid on iodoacetate‐induced toxicity in cultured neurons
Authors: Cárdenas‐Rodríguez Noemí , Guzmán‐Beltrán Silvia , Medina‐Campos Omar Noel , Orozco‐Ibarra Marisol , Massieu Lourdes , Pedraza‐Chaverri José 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is present in high concentrations in the desert shrub Creosote bush,Larrea tridentate.This plant has been used in traditional medicine because of its beneficial effects related, at least in part, to its antioxidant properties. Taking into account some evidence about neuroprotective effects elicited by NDGA, we evaluated the effect of this compound on the neurotoxicity induced by iodoacetate (IAA), an inhibitor of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), on cerebellar granule neurons. In addition, as reactive oxygen species play an important role in IAA‐induced cytotoxicity, we also studied the enzymatic antioxidant system in IAA‐treated cells. We found that IAA caused a dose‐dependent decrease in cell viability of cultured neurons with an IC50of 18.4 µM and induced increased activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione‐S‐transferase. Moreover, NDGA attenuated the toxicity induced by 18.4, 25, and 30 µM of IAA without abolishing the inhibitory effect of IAA on GAPDH activity. Furthermore, NDGA could prevent the inhibitory effect of IAA on aconitase activity, a marker of oxidative stress, suggesting that the protective effect of NDGA on IAA neurotoxicity was associated with the prevention of oxidative stress. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:137–142, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20278
Protection of half sulfur mustard gas–induced lung injury in guinea pigs by antioxidant liposomes
Authors: Mukherjee Shyamali , Stone William L. , Yang Hongsong , Smith Milton G. , Das Salil K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop antioxidant liposomes as an antidote for mustard gas–induced lung injury in a guinea pig model. Five liposomes (LIP‐1, LIP‐2, LIP‐3, LIP‐4, and LIP‐5) were tested with differing levels of phospholipid, cholesterol, phosphatidic acid, tocopherol (α, γ, δ),N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), and glutathione (GSH). A single dose (200 µL) of liposome was administered intratracheally 5 min or 1 h after exposure to 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). The animals were sacrificed either 2 h after exposure (for lung injury study) or 30 days after exposure (for histology study). The liposomes offered 9%–76% protection against lung injury. The maximum protection was with LIP‐2 (71.5% protection) and LIP‐4 (75.4%) when administered 5 min after CEES exposure. Delaying the liposome administration 1 h after CEES exposure decreased the efficacy. Both liposomes contained 11 mM α‐tocopherol, 11 mM γ‐tocopherol, and 75 mM NAC. However, LIP‐2 contained additionally 5 mM δ‐tocopherol. Overall, LIP‐2 and LIP‐4 offered significant protection by controlling the recruitment of neutrophils, eosinophils, and the accumulation of septal and perivascular fibrin and collagen. However, LIP‐2 showed better protection than LIP‐4 against the accumulation of red blood cells in the bronchi, alveolar space, arterioles and veins, and fibrin and collagen deposition in the alveolar space. The antifibrotic effect of the liposomes, particularly LIP‐2, was further evident by a decreased level of lipid peroxidation and hydroxyproline in the lung. Thus, antioxidant liposomes containing both NAC and vitamin E are an effective antidote against CEES‐induced lung injury. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 23:143–153, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20279
Biochemical composition, lipoperoxidation, Na+/K+ATPase activity and reproduction of Hyalella castroi (amphipoda, dogielinotidae) fed with different diets
Authors: Gering Fernanda Severo , de Oliveira Luiz Ferrúa Farias , Dutra Bibiana Kaiser , Oliveira Guendalina Turcato 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study compared the effect of different diets on the biochemical composition (lipids, cholesterol, proteins and glycogen) and the levels of lipoperoxidation and activity of Na+/K+ATPase of Hyalella castroi. We also investigated some patterns of the life cycle including survival, precopulatory mating pairs and number of ovigerous females after 21 days of culture with different diets. These crustaceans live in limnetic environments of the plateau (1,200 m a.s.l.) of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil. Adult animals were collected in the autumn of 2006 in São José dos Ausentes. In the laboratory, the animals were kept submerged in aquariums, separated by sex, under controlled conditions. They were fed ad libitum for 21 days with different diets, and then some were used for biochemical determinations and others for observations of reproductive aspects. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the responses to glycogen, total proteins, lipoperoxidation levels and Na+/K+ATPase activity in both sexes of these amphipods and total lipids and total cholesterol levels only in females. These diets changed the biochemical patterns of the animals taken from the natural environment, and allowed a high survival rate but did not improve reproduction. J. Exp. Zool. 311A:408–421, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A preclinical assessment of the safety and biodistribution of an adenoviral vector containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (Cerepro®) after intracerebral administration
Authors: Langford Gillian , Dayan Anthony , Yla‐Herttuala Seppo , Eckland David 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundCerepro® (sitimagene ceradenovec) is an adenoviral vector containing herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (HSV‐tk), which is being developed for the treatment of high‐grade glioma with oral ganciclovir (GCV). The nonclinical safety and biodistribution of Cerepro® were assessed following intravenous (i.v.) or intracerebral (i.c.) injection.MethodsCrl : WI(GLX/BRL/Han) rats (n = 198) were injected i.c. or i.v. with Cerepro® or vehicle control, with GCV by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection to selected groups. Safety was assessed by observation of animal behaviour and post mortem histology. Antibody response was assessed, and biodistribution measured using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase‐PCR in blood and tissues.ResultsFollowing i.v. or i.c. injection, there was no antibody response and no effect on behaviour, body weight, food consumption or haematological and clinical chemistry parameters. Minor needle track changes were observed in control and Cerepro®‐i.c. injection groups. Transient myeloid hyperplasia was observed in five of the 24 animals in the i.v. injection group and spleen weight increased in both the i.c. and i.v. groups. Cerepro® was detected in the brain and at low levels in blood and spleen following i.c. injection, decreasing with time. Following i.v. injection, Cerepro® was detected in viscera and blood, decreasing with time. Transcription of Cerepro® was detected in the brain following i.c. injection, with lower levels in spleen; following i.v. injection, transcription was seen in viscera. Germline integration was not seen.ConclusionsIntracerebral injection of Cerepro® is safe and produces a high level of transgene expression in the brain, with limited biodistribution. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Average distance and vertex‐connectivity
Authors: Dankelmann Peter , Mukwembi Simon , Swart Henda C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe average distance µ(G) of a connected graph G of order n is the average of the distances between all pairs of vertices of G, i.e.,
$\mu(G)=\left(_{2}^{n}\right)^{-1}\sum_{\{x,y\}\subset V(G)}d_{G} (x,y)$, where V(G) denotes the vertex set of G and dG(x, y) is the distance between x and y. We prove that if G is a κ ‐vertex‐connected graph, κ⩾3 an odd integer, of order n, then µ(G)⩽n/2(κ + 1) + O(1). Our bound is shown to be best possible and our results, apart from answering a question of Plesník [J Graph Theory 8 (1984), 1–24], Favaron et al. [Networks 19 (1989), 493–504], can be used to deduce a theorem that is essentially equivalent to a theorem by Egawa and Inoue [Ars Combin 51 (1999), 89–95] on the radius of a κ ‐vertex‐connected graph of given order, where κ is odd. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 62: 157–177, 2009
Critical graphs for subpancyclicity of 3‐connected claw‐free graphs
Authors: Gould Ronald J. , Łuczak Tomasz , Pfender Florian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLet ${\cal{F}}_{k}$ be the family of graphs G such that all sufficiently large k ‐connected claw‐free
graphs which contain no induced copies of G are subpancyclic. We show
that for every k≥3 the family ${\cal{F}}_{1}k$ is infinite and make the first step toward the complete characterization of the family ${\cal{F}}_{3}$. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 62, 263–278, 2009
On relative length of longest paths and cycles
Authors: Ozeki Kenta , Tsugaki Masao , Yamashita Tomoki 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFor a graph G, p(G) and c(G) denote the order of a longest path and a longest cycle of G, respectively. In this paper, we prove that if G is a 3 ‐connected graph of order n such that the minimum degree sum of four independent vertices is at least n+ 6, then p(G)−c(G)⩽2. By considering our result and the results in [J Graph Theory 20 (1995), 213–225; Amer Math Monthly 67 (1950), 55], we propose a conjecture which is a generalization of Bondy's conjecture. Furthermore, using our result, for a graph satisfying the above conditions, we obtain a new lower bound of the circumference and establish Thomassen's conjecture. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 62, 279–291, 2009
A structure theorem for graphs with no cycle with a unique chord and its consequences
Authors: Trotignon Nicolas , Vušković Kristina 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe give a structural description of the class 𝒞 of graphs that do not contain a cycle with a unique chord
as an induced subgraph. Our main theorem states that any connected graph in 𝒞 is either in some simple basic class or has a decomposition. Basic classes are chordless cycles, cliques, bipartite graphs with one side containing only nodes of degree 2 and induced subgraphs of the famous Heawood or Petersen graph. Decompositions are node cutsets consisting of one or two nodes and edge cutsets called 1‐joins. Our decomposition theorem actually gives a complete structure theorem for 𝒞, i.e. every graph in 𝒞 can be built from basic graphs that can be explicitly constructed, and gluing them together by prescribed composition operations, and all graphs built this way are in 𝒞. This has several consequences: an
𝒪(nm) ‐time algorithm to decide whether a graph is in 𝒞, an
𝒪(n+ m) ‐time algorithm that finds a maximum clique of any graph in 𝒞, and an
𝒪(nm) ‐time coloring algorithm for graphs in 𝒞. We prove that every graph in 𝒞 is
either 3‐colorable or has a coloring with ω colors where ω is the size of a largest
clique. The problem of finding a maximum stable set for a graph in 𝒞 is known to be NP‐hard. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 63: 31–67, 2010
The rainbow connection of a graph is (at most) reciprocal to its minimum degree
Authors: Krivelevich Michael , Yuster Raphael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAn edge‐colored graph Gis rainbow edge‐connected if any two vertices are connected by a path whose edges have distinct colors. The rainbow connection of a connected graph G, denoted by rc(G), is the smallest number of colors that are needed in order to make Grainbow edge‐connected. We prove that if Ghas nvertices and minimum degree δ then rc(G)<20n/δ. This solves open problems from Y. Caro, A. Lev, Y. Roditty, Z. Tuza, and R. Yuster (Electron J Combin 15 (2008), #R57) and S. Chakrborty, E. Fischer, A. Matsliah, and R. Yuster (Hardness and algorithms for rainbow connectivity, Freiburg (2009), pp. 243–254). A vertex‐colored graph Gis rainbow vertex‐connected if any two vertices are connected by a path whose internal vertices have distinct colors. The rainbow vertex‐connection of a connected graph G, denoted by rvc(G), is the smallest number of colors that are needed in order to make Grainbow vertex‐connected. One cannot upper‐bound one of these parameters in terms of the other. Nevertheless, we prove that if Ghas nvertices and minimum degree δ then rvc(G)<11n/δ. We note that the proof in this case is different from the proof for the edge‐colored case, and we cannot deduce one from the other. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 63: 185–191, 2010
On local connectivity of graphs with given clique number
Authors: Holtkamp Andreas , Volkmann Lutz 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFor a vertex v of a graph G, we denote by d(v) the degree of v. The local connectivity κ(u, v) of two vertices u and v in a graph G is the maximum number of internally disjoint u –v paths in G, and the connectivity of G is defined as κ(G)=min{κ(u, v)|u, v∈V(G)}. Clearly, κ(u, v)⩽min{d(u),
d(v)} for all pairs u and v of vertices in G. Let δ(G) be the minimum degree of G. We call a graph G maximally connected when κ(G)=δ(G) and maximally local connected
when

for all pairs u and v of distinct vertices in G.In 2006, Hellwig and Volkmann (J Graph Theory 52 (2006), 7–14) proved that a connected graph G with given clique number ω(G)⩽p of order n(G) is maximally connected when

As an extension of this result, we will show in this work that these conditions even guarantee that G is maximally local connected. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 63: 192–197, 2010
Aid and fiscal policy in Nicaragua: A fiscal response analysis
Authors: Machado Roberto 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper estimates a model of fiscal response to analyse the impact of aid on government consumption and investment, tax revenue and public borrowing in Nicaragua in 1966–2004. This country is an interesting case study since aid flows—i.e. grants and aid loans—averaged more than 8 per cent of GDP during the analysed period. Results for direct (structural) effects indicate that the impact of aid on government consumption are more significant than those on government investment, revealing a higher propensity to consume than to invest aid flows, presumably reflecting donors and government priorities to finance social spending. Results also show that aid crowds‐out both tax revenue and public borrowing. Estimates for total (reduced‐form) effects are hard to interpret, in some cases showing the opposite sign than expected or implausible magnitudes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman depolarization ratio of liquids probed by linear polarization coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Munhoz F. , Brustlein S. , Gachet D. , Billard F. , Brasselet S. , Rigneault H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe present a simple analytical model to describe the linear polarization coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy. In this scheme, the pump and Stokes beams can have arbitrary linear polarization states and the CARS emitted signal is analyzed along two perpendicular directions. We concentrate on isotropic media without electronic resonances and show that only two polarization CARS measurements performed at the peak and the dip of a CARS spectrum are sufficient to deduce the Raman depolarization ratio, the resonant versus nonresonant contribution, the Raman resonance frequency and the linewidth. We demonstrate the applicability of our scheme to toluene and cyclohexane solutions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Yellow pigments in painting: characterisation and UV laser‐induced modifications
Authors: Acquaviva S. , Baraldi P. , D'Anna E. , De Giorgi M. L. , Della Patria A. , Giotta L. , Omarini S. , Piccolo R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractArtistic yellow pigments, commonly employed from antiquity, were investigated by morphological, spectrophotometric and compositional analyses. Namely, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM/EDX) characterisations and reflectance, attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy were carried out on egg yolk tempera models to discriminate the pigments. The models were irradiated with excimer KrF (248 nm) laser at different working conditions, and the effects induced on colour were related to chemical and physical modifications through the same analyses, as a function of laser parameters.It came out that the effects on the pictorial layers are always related to the modifications of the binding medium and, in addition, the laser radiation induces dehydration and transformation of iron oxides in natural earths. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutrient digestibility and performance of broiler chickens fed regular or green canola biodiesel press cakes produced using a micro‐scale process
Authors: Thacker Philip A , Petri Daniel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: World interest in biodiesel production from canola seed is expanding. There is little information on the nutritive value of biodiesel by‐products produced from micro‐scale production processes. Hence this trial was conducted to determine the nutritional value of regular and green canola biodiesel press cake for broilers.RESULTS: The digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, and nitrogen retention were higher (P < 0.05) for birds fed regular or green canola press cake compared with canola meal. Ether extract digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) for birds fed regular press cake than canola meal, while green press cake and canola meal did not differ. There was no improvement in body weight gain (P > 0.05), while feed conversion was only modestly improved (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of regular or green canola press cake.CONCLUSIONS: Since the performance of broilers fed canola biodiesel press cakes was similar to those fed canola meal, it is difficult to justify a premium to be paid for canola press cake over canola meal. In addition, there was no difference in the performance of broilers fed biodiesel press cake obtained from green or regular canola seed. As green seeds are generally available at a lower price than regular seed, there may be some incentive to choose green canola seed for producing biodiesel and biodiesel press cake for use in poultry production. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Periodic solution for strongly nonlinear vibration systems by He's variational iteration method
Authors: Kachapi SHA. Hashemi , Ganji D. D. , Davodi A. G. , Varedi S. M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we use variational iteration method for strongly nonlinear oscillators. This method is a combination of the traditional variational iteration and variational method. Some examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and convenience of the method. The obtained results are valid for the whole solution domain with high accuracy. The method can be easily extended to other nonlinear oscillations and hence widely applicable in engineering and science. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of extreme carpal tunnel syndrome: Evidence from a long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Capasso Margherita , Manzoli Claudia , Uncini Antonino 
Published: April 2009

AbstractExtreme carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is characterized by severe thenar atrophy, plegia of the abductor pollicis brevis (APB), fixed sensory deficit in the median nerve distribution, and absence of median motor and sensory responses on electrophysiological examination. In this study we report long‐term follow‐up of 37 patients with extreme CTS. Of the 24 patients with idiopathic extreme CTS, 9 were untreated, and 3 received conservative treatment. At follow‐up, none of these patients showed objective or electrophysiological improvement, and all but 1 still reported positive symptoms. Conversely, 12 patients (14 hands) who underwent carpal tunnel release showed: resolution of positive symptoms in all but 1 hand; reappearance of median compound muscle action potentials (4.2 ± 0.6 mV); reappearance of sensory nerve action potentials in all but 1 (7.9 ± 0.8 μV); improvement of APB strength to grade 4 or 5 on the Medical Research Council scale in 11 hands; and resolution of hypesthesia in 1 hand. Six of 13 patients with non‐idiopathic extreme CTS were operated. Of the 6, we found no or poor reinnervation in 3 patients, restoration of nerve responses and normal APB strength but no relief from pain and/or paresthesia in 2, and full recovery in 1. If untreated, extreme CTS is an irreversible condition. Although the outcome is considered to be disappointing in such cases, carpal tunnel release provides long‐term relief, significant sensorimotor reinnervation, and improvement of motor deficit in most patients. It should be considered to be the first‐choice treatment for idiopathic extreme CTS. Associated diseases do not necessarily imply a poor surgical outcome. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Subacute inflammatory polyradiculopathy associated with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Rigamonti Andrea , Lauria Giuseppe , Balgera Roberto , Agostoni Elio 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPeripheral nervous system involvement is common in Sjögren's syndrome (SS); however, polyradiculopathy has been reported rarely in association with SS, and predominantly chronic forms have been described. We describe a patient with clinical, cerebrospinal fluid, neurophysiological, and neuroradiological evidence of subacute inflammatory polyradiculopathy in whom Sjögren's syndrome was diagnosed after the onset of neurological symptoms. Our case suggests that SS should be included in the differential diagnosis of subacute inflammatory polyradiculopathy. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Interface handling for three‐dimensional higher‐order XFEM‐computations in fluid–structure interaction
Authors: Mayer Ursula M. , Gerstenberger Axel , Wall Wolfgang A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThree‐dimensional higher‐order eXtended finite element method (XFEM)‐computations still pose challenging computational geometry problems especially for moving interfaces. This paper provides a method for the localization of a higher‐order interface finite element (FE) mesh in an underlying three‐dimensional higher‐order FE mesh. Additionally, it demonstrates, how a subtetrahedralization of an intersected element can be obtained, which preserves the possibly curved interface and allows therefore exact numerical integration.The proposed interface algorithm collects initially a set of possibly intersecting elements by comparing their ‘eXtended axis‐aligned bounding boxes’. The intersection method is applied to a highly reduced number of intersection candidates. The resulting linearized interface is used as input for an elementwise constrained Delaunay tetrahedralization, which computes an appropriate subdivision for each intersected element. The curved interface is recovered from the linearized interface in the last step. The output comprises triangular integration cells representing the interface and tetrahedral integration cells for each intersected element.Application of the interface algorithm currently concentrates on fluid–structure interaction problems on low‐order and higher‐order FE meshes, which may be composed of any arbitrary element types such as hexahedra, tetrahedra, wedges, etc. Nevertheless, other XFEM‐problems with explicitly given interfaces or discontinuities may be tackled in addition. Multiple structures and interfaces per intersected element can be handled without any additional difficulties. Several parallelization strategies exist depending on the desired domain decomposition approach. Numerical test cases including various geometrical exceptions demonstrate the accuracy, robustness and efficiency of the interface handling. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.