bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome disparities in multiple myeloma: a SEER‐based comparative analysis of ethnic subgroups
Authors: Ailawadhi Sikander , Aldoss Ibrahim T. , Yang Dongyun , Razavi Pedram , Cozen Wendy , Sher Taimur , Chanan‐Khan Asher 
Published: April 2012

SummaryStudies of ethnic disparities in malignancies have revealed variation in clinical outcomes. In multiple myeloma (MM), previous literature has focused only on patients of Caucasian and African‐American (AA) descent. We present a Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)‐based outcome analysis of MM patients from a broader range of ethnicities, representing current United States demographics. The SEER 17 Registry data was utilized to analyse adult MM patients diagnosed since 1992 (n = 37 963), as patients of other ethnicities were not well represented prior to that. Overall survival (OS) and myeloma‐specific survival (MSS) were compared across different ethnicities stratified by year of diagnosis, registry identification, age, sex and marital‐status. Hispanics had the youngest median age at diagnosis (65 years) and Whites had the oldest (71 years) (P < 0·001). Increased age at diagnosis was an independent predictor of decreased OS and MSS. Asians had the best median OS (2·7 years) and MSS (4·1 years), while Hispanics had the worst median OS (2·4 years). These trends were more pronounced in patients ≥75 years. Cumulative survival benefit over successive years was largest among Whites (1·3 years) and smallest among Asians (0·5 years). These disparities may be secondary to multifactorial causes that need to be explored and should be considered for optimal triaging of healthcare resources.
Diagnosis and management of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Dignan Fiona L. , Amrolia Persis , Clark Andrew , Cornish Jacqueline , Jackson Graham , Mahendra Prem , Scarisbrick Julia J. , Taylor Peter C. , Shaw Bronwen E. , Potter Michael N. ,   on behalf of the Haemato‐oncology Task Force of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology and the British Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Published: April 2012

SummaryA joint working group established by the Haemato‐oncology subgroup of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH) and the British Society for Bone Marrow Transplantation (BSBMT) has reviewed the available literature and made recommendations for the diagnosis and management of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD). This guideline includes recommendations for the diagnosis and staging of chronic GvHD as well as primary treatment and options for patients with steroid‐refractory disease. The goal of treatment should be the effective control of GvHD while minimizing the risk of toxicity and relapse.
Diagnosis and management of acute graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Dignan Fiona L. , Clark Andrew , Amrolia Persis , Cornish Jacqueline , Jackson Graham , Mahendra Prem , Scarisbrick Julia J. , Taylor Peter C. , Hadzic Nedim , Shaw Bronwen E. , Potter Michael N. ,   on behalf of the Haemato‐oncology Task Force of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology and the British Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Published: April 2012

SummaryA joint working group established by the Haemato‐oncology subgroup of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH) and the British Society for Bone Marrow Transplantation (BSBMT) has reviewed the available literature and made recommendations for the diagnosis and management of acute graft‐versus‐host disease. This guideline includes recommendations for the diagnosis and grading of acute graft‐versus‐host disease as well as primary treatment and options for patients with steroid‐refractory disease. The goal of treatment should be effective control of graft‐versus‐host disease while minimizing risk of toxicity and relapse.
Success of allogeneic marrow transplantation for children with severe aplastic anaemia
Authors: Burroughs Lauri M. , Woolfrey Ann E. , Storer Barry E. , Deeg H. Joachim , Flowers Mary E. D. , Martin Paul J. , Carpenter Paul A. , Doney Kris , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Sanders Jean E. , Storb Rainer 
Published: April 2012

SummaryAllogeneic marrow transplantation offers curative therapy for children with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA). We report the outcomes of 148 children with SAA who received human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched related marrow grafts between 1971 and 2010. Patients were divided into three groups, reflecting changes in conditioning and graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimens that occurred over time. Patients in Group 1 were conditioned with cyclophosphamide (CY; 200 mg/kg) followed by ‘long' (102 d) methotrexate (MTX). Patients in Groups 2 and 3 received CY alone (Group 2) or combined with anti‐thymocyte globulin (Group 3) followed by ‘short’ (days 1, 3, 6, and 11) MTX and ciclosporin (until day 180). With a median follow‐up of 25 years, the 5‐year survivals were 66%, 95%, and 100% for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (overall P < 0·0001). The 3‐year estimates of graft rejection were 22%, 32%, and 7%, respectively. The probabilities of grades III‐IV acute and 2‐year chronic GVHD were 15%, 0%, and 3%, and 21%, 21%, and 10%, respectively. Advances in preparative and GVHD prophylaxis regimens, and supportive care during the past 40 years have led to improved outcomes for children with SAA. These results confirm the use of allogeneic marrow transplantation for children with SAA who have HLA‐matched related donors.
Organ‐specific management and supportive care in chronic graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Dignan Fiona L. , Scarisbrick Julia J. , Cornish Jacqueline , Clark Andrew , Amrolia Persis , Jackson Graham , Mahendra Prem , Taylor Peter C. , Shah Pallav , Lightman Sue , Fortune Farida , Kibbler Christopher , Andreyev Jervoise , Albanese Assunta , Hadzic Nedim , Potter Michael N. , Shaw Bronwen E. ,   on behalf of the Haemato‐oncology Task Force of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology and the British Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Published: April 2012

SummaryA joint working group established by the Haemato‐oncology subgroup of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology and the British Society for Bone Marrow Transplantation has reviewed the available literature and made recommendations for the supportive care and management of organ‐specific complications of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGvHD). This guideline includes recommendations for the specific therapy of skin, oral, liver, gut, lung, ocular and genital manifestations of cGvHD and for the supportive care of these patients, including vaccinations and prophylaxis against infection. The goal of treatment should be effective control of GvHD while minimizing the risk of toxicity and relapse.
Temperature‐related shifts in butterfly phenology depend on the habitat
Authors: Altermatt Florian 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMany species are becoming active earlier in the season as the climate becomes warmer. In parallel to phenological responses to climate change, many species have also been affected by habitat changes due to anthropogenic land use. As habitat type can directly affect microclimatic conditions, concurrent changes in climate and habitat could have interacting effects on the phenology of species. Temperature‐related shifts in phenology, however, have mostly been studied independent of habitat types. Here,Iused long‐term data from a highly standardized monitoring program with 519 transects to study how phenology of butterflies is affected by ambient temperature and habitat type.Icompared forests, agricultural areas and settlements, reflecting three major land use forms, and considered butterfly species that were observed in all three of these habitats. Seasonal appearance of the butterflies was affected both by the ambient temperature and the habitat type. As expected, warmer temperatures led to an overall advancement of the appearance and flight period of most species. Surprisingly, however, phenology of species was delayed in settlement habitats, even though this habitat type is generally associated with higher temperatures. A possible explanation is dispersal among habitat types, such that source–sink effects affect local phenology. When there is little productivity in settlement areas, observed butterflies may have immigrated from forest or agricultural habitats and thus appear later in settlements. My findings suggest that a spillover of individuals among habitats may affect phenology trends and indicate that phenological studies need to be interpreted in the context of habitat types. This becomes especially important when defining strategies to prevent or mitigate effects of climate and land‐use changes on phenology and abundance of species.
Simulating forest productivity along a neotropical elevational transect: temperature variation and carbon use efficiency
Authors: Marthews Toby R. , Malhi Yadvinder , Girardin Cécile A. J. , Silva Espejo Javier E. , Aragão Luiz E. O. C. , Metcalfe Daniel B. , Rapp Joshua M. , Mercado Lina M. , Fisher Rosie A. , Galbraith David R. , Fisher Joshua B. , Salinas‐Revilla Norma , Friend Andrew D. , Restrepo‐Coupe Natalia , Williams Richard J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA better understanding of the mechanisms controlling the magnitude and sign of carbon components in tropical forest ecosystems is important for reliable estimation of this important regional component of the global carbon cycle. We used the
JULES
vegetation model to simulate all components of the carbon balance at six sites along an Andes‐Amazon transect across Peru and Brazil and compared the results to published field measurements. In the upper montane zone the model predicted a lack of forest vegetation, indicating a need for better parameterization of the responses of cloud forest vegetation within the model. In the lower montane and lowland zones simulated ecosystem productivity and respiration were predicted with reasonable accuracy, although not always within the error bounds of the observations. Model‐predicted carbon use efficiency in this transect surprisingly did not increase with elevation, but remained close to the ‘temperate’ value 0.5. Upper montane forests were predicted to allocate ~50% of carbon fixation to biomass maintenance and growth, despite available measurements showing that they only allocate ~33%. This may be explained by elevational changes in the balance between growth and maintenance respiration within the forest canopy, as controlled by both temperature‐ and pressure‐mediated processes, which is not yet well represented in current vegetation models.
Temporal variation in responses of species to four decades of climate warming
Authors: Mair Louise , Thomas Chris D. , Anderson Barbara J. , Fox Richard , Botham Marc , Hill Jane K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMany species are expanding at their leading‐edge range boundaries in response to climate warming. Species are known to respond individualistically to climate change, but there has been little consideration of whether responses are consistent over time. We compared responses of 37 southerly distributed British butterflies over two study periods, first between 1970–1982 and 1995–1999 and then between 1995–1999 and 2005–2009, when mean annual temperature increased regionally by 0.03 °C yr−1 (a significant rate of increase) and 0.01 °C yr−1(a nonsignificant increase) respectively. Our study species might be expected to benefit from climate warming. We measured three responses to climate to investigate this; changes in range margin, distribution area and abundance. In general, the responses of species were inconsistent over time. Species that increased their distribution areas during the first period tended to do so again during the second period, but the relationship was weak. Changes in range margins and abundance were not consistent. In addition, only 5/37 species showed qualitatively similar responses in all three response variables over time (three species increased and two species declined in all variables in both periods). Overall rates of range expansion and distribution area change were significantly greater in the second study period, despite the lower rate of warming, perhaps due to species exploiting climate‐distribution lags remaining from the earlier, warmer period. However, there was a significantly greater decline in abundance during the second study period, so range expansions northwards were not necessarily accompanied by increases in distribution area and/or abundance. Hence, species ranges have been thinning as they have expanded northwards. The idiosyncratic responses of these species likely reflect the balance of climatic and habitat drivers of species distribution and abundance changes.
Designing an effective trap cropping strategy: the effects of attraction, retention and plant spatial distribution
Authors: Holden Matthew H. , Ellner Stephen P. , Lee Doo‐Hyung , Nyrop Jan P. , Sanderson John P. 
Published: April 2012

Summary1. Trap cropping, the use of alternative host plants to reduce pest damage to a focal cash crop or other managed plant population, can be a sustainable strategy for pest control, but in practice it has often failed to reach management goals. Of the few successful trap cropping examples at a commercial scale, nearly all have included supplemental management strategies that reduce pest dispersal off the trap crop. In contrast, the trap cropping literature has focused extensively on trap plant attractiveness.2. To test whether the dispersal of insects off trap plants is as important as the anecdotal evidence suggests, we developed a simple model to understand how a trap plant’s spatial configuration within a field, its attractiveness and its ability to retain pests affect pest density on a target cash crop.3. The model predicts that when trap crop retention is low, trap cropping is ineffective, and small increases in retention offer little improvement. However, when retention is high, small differences in retention dramatically affect trap cropping efficacy. In contrast, when the attractiveness of a trap crop is high, further increases in attractiveness have little effect on trap cropping efficacy.4. Placing trap plants close together is most often detrimental to pest management because it leaves large portions of the field without nearby traps. However, planting the trap crop in rows often does not clump the landscape enough to cause this detrimental effect.5. Synthesis and applications. The predictions from our model confirm the anecdotal evidence that trap cropping failures may be attributed to a focus on attraction at the expense of retention. A very high retention rate is required for effective reduction of pest densities. Therefore, additional practices that prevent insects from dispersing back into the cash crop may be essential for effective trap cropping designs. These techniques include trap vacuuming, trap harvesting, sticky traps, planting a high proportion of trap plants or applications of pesticides or natural enemies to the trap crop.
Cognitive behavioural therapy from the perspective of clients with mild intellectual disabilities: a qualitative investigation of process issues
Authors: Pert C. , Jahoda A. , Stenfert Kroese B. , Trower P. , Dagnan D. , Selkirk M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground  Clinicians working with clients who have mild intellectual disabilities (IDs) have shown growing enthusiasm for using a cognitive behavioural approach, amid increasing evidence of good treatment outcomes for this client group. However, very little is known about the views and experiences of clients with IDs who have undergone cognitive behavioural therapy. This study aims to explore the perspective of these clients.Methods  Fifteen participants with borderline to mild IDs and problems of anxiety, depression and anger were interviewed regarding their experience of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Two semi‐structured interviews were carried out in the first phase of therapy between session four and session nine. An interpretive phenomenological approach was taken to seek out themes from participants' own personal accounts.Results  Participants valued the opportunity to talk about problems with their therapist and benefitted from therapeutic relationships characterised by warmth, empathy and validation. Participants identified areas of positive change; however, many thought that this may be short lived or not maintained beyond discharge.Conclusions  The supportive aspects of therapeutic relationships were particularly important to participants undergoing CBT. The clinical implications are considered.
Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis activity in adults with intellectual disabilities: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Presland A. D. , Clare I. C. H. , Broughton S. , Luke L. , Wheeler E. , Fairchild G. , Watson P. C. , Chan W. Y. S. , Kearns A. , Ring H. A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground  Cortisol is a marker of physiological arousal, exhibiting a characteristic pattern of diurnal activity. The daily cortisol profile has been examined extensively and is atypical in a number of clinical disorders. However, there are very few studies focussing on the cortisol profile in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). This paper reports a preliminary investigation into the nature of the cortisol profile in adults with mild or moderate ID and provides reflections on the challenges of psychophysiological research in this population.Methods  On two consecutive days, 39 adults with mild or moderate ID each donated saliva samples for cortisol analysis, at multiple times between waking and evening. A comparison between these data and the published literature permitted a descriptive assessment of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and diurnal profile. A variety of psychometric measures and an assessment of behavioural history were also collected in order to describe aspects of the participants' emotional and behavioural states.Results  Individuals with ID exhibit a diurnal cortisol secretion profile, qualitatively similar to that of the typical, healthy, adult population. However, the findings also suggested a blunted CAR, warranting further investigation. There was also some evidence that cortisol secretion was affected by anxiety and a recent history of aggression.Conclusion  While further work is required to characterise the CAR fully, there was no indication that the diurnal cortisol profile among people with ID differs from that of the typical population. This study also demonstrates that, although challenging, it is feasible, and acceptable to participants, to collect repeated physiological measures from men and women with mild and moderate ID.
Service user involvement in nurse education: perceptions of mental health nursing students
Authors: O' DONNELL H. , GORMLEY K. 
Published: April 2012

Accessible summary
Professional education and policy strategies increasingly stress the need for service users to be involved in the education of all nursing students, including students undertaking mental health field programmes.
In this study, a sample of recently graduated mental health nursing students, are asked to describe their perceptions of increased service user involvement in mental health nursing programmes.
The findings of the study demonstrated that recently graduated students were supportive of service user involvement. Study participants recognize the value of this involvement, the need to protect users who may be vulnerable and the clear benefits to both personal and service development, which will result from increased user engagement.
AbstractIncreasingly providers of mental health nurse education are required to demonstrate user involvement in all aspects of these programmes including student selection, programme design and student assessment. There has been limited analysis of how nursing students perceive user involvement in nurse education programmes. The aim of this study has been to explore mental health nursing student's perceptions of involving users in all aspects of pre‐registration mental health nursing programme. Researchers completed a number of focus group interviews with 12 ex‐mental health nursing students who had been recruited by purposeful sampling. Each focus group interview was recorded and analysed using a series of data reduction, data display and verification methods. The study confirms many of the findings reported in earlier user participation in education studies. Three main themes related to user involvement have been identified: the protection of users, enhanced student learning and the added value benefits associated with user involvement.
Bioequivalence in dogs of a meloxicam formulation administered as a transmucosal oral mist with an orally administered pioneer suspension product
Authors: LEES P. , CHENG Z. , KEEFE T. J. , WEICH E. , BRYD J. , CEDERGREN R. , COZZI E. 
Published: April 2012

Lees, P., Cheng, Z., Keefe, T. J., Weich, E., Bryd, J., Cedergren, R., Cozzi, E. Bioequivalence in dogs of a meloxicam formulation administered as a transmucosal oral mist with an orally administered pioneer suspension product.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 36, 78–84.A mucosal mist formulation of meloxicam, administered as a spray into the mouth (test article), was compared for bioequivalence to a pioneer meloxicam suspension for oral administration (reference article). Pharmacokinetic profiles and average bioequivalence were investigated in 20 dogs. The study design comprised a two‐period, two‐sequence, two‐treatment cross‐over design, with maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under plasma concentration–time curve to last sampling time (AUClast) used as pivotal bioequivalence variables. Bioequivalence of the products was confirmed, based on relative ratios of geometric mean concentrations (and 90% confidence intervals within the range 0.80–1.25) forCmaxof 101.9 (97.99–106.0) and for AUClastof 97.24 (94.44–100.1). The initial absorption of meloxicam was more rapid for the test article, despite virtually identicalCmaxvalues for the two products. Mean elimination half‐lives were 29.6 h (test article) and 30.0 h (reference article). The meloxicam plasma concentration–time profiles were considered in relation to published data on the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase‐1 (COX‐1) and COX‐2 isoenzymes by meloxicam.
Serial Examination of Serum IL‐8, IL‐10 and IL‐1Ra Levels is Significant in Neonatal Seizures Induced by Hypoxic–Ischaemic Encephalopathy1
Authors: Youn Y. A. , Kim S. J. , Sung I. K. , Chung S. Y. , Kim Y. H. , Lee I. G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe investigated changes in the levels of significant cytokines in relation to neonatal seizures, a pattern of cytokine concentrations serially and the severity of brain insult. The hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy‐induced seizure group consisted of 13 patients, and another 15 normal newborns were enrolled as a control group. All of the initial samples were obtained within the first 24 h of admission, and the second samples were obtained between 48 and 72 h in both groups. Only the third samples were taken in the seizure group on the 5th day. During neonatal seizures, the levels of most cytokines increased within 24 h, and, in particular, the levels of interleukin (IL)‐8 significantly increased (P < 0.05). After 48–72 h of seizure onset, the levels of most cytokines decreased, especially, IL‐1Ra; however, IL‐8 and IL‐10 remained increased (P < 0.05). During the prognosis, one patient who was diagnosed with quadriplegic cerebral palsy at 6 months of age presented extreme elevation of IL‐1beta, IL‐1Ra, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha in the initial sample, reflecting the severity of brain damage. A significant increase in IL‐8 may serve as a biomarker for earlier detection of brain damage in neonatal seizure, if detected within 24 and 48–72 h of the seizure.