bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal characteristics of oleochemical carbonate binary mixtures for potential latent heat storage
Authors: Kenar James A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe thermal properties for binary mixtures at various weight fraction ratios between dodecyl carbonate (1a), tetradecyl carbonate (1b), hexadecyl carbonate (1c), and octadecyl carbonate (1d) were examined by DSC at 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0°C/min. At 5°C/min sharp well defined phase transitions were observed at 80:20, 88:12, and 90:10, for 1a:(1b, 1c, and 1d), respectively, at 74:26 and 80:20 for 1b:(1c, and 1d), respectively, and at 82.5:17 for 1c:1d. The melting and solidification temperatures for these mixtures ranged between 12–37°C (melting) and 8–34°C (solidification). The latent heat of melting and solidification determined for the binary carbonate mixtures ranged between 135 and 175 J/g. At 0.5 or 1.0°C/min, mixtures of 1a:(1b, 1c, and 1d) and 1b:1d melted and solidified similarly when run at 5°C/min while the melting curves for 1b:1c and 1c:1d were not as well defined. These carbonate mixtures extend the thermal properties of the pure oleochemical carbonates and compliment other biobased phase change materials (PCMs) substances such as fatty acids, esters, and alcohols and may provide useful biobased alternatives to paraffin wax and salt hydrate PCM currently dominating the market.
Multimodal biophotonic workstation for live cell analysis
Authors: Esseling Michael , Kemper Björn , Antkowiak Maciej , Stevenson David J. , Chaudet Lionel , Neil Mark A. A. , French Paul W. , von Bally Gert , Dholakia Kishan , Denz Cornelia 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA reliable description and quantification of the complex physiology and reactions of living cells requires a multimodal analysis with various measurement techniques. We have investigated the integration of different techniques into a biophotonic workstation that can provide biological researchers with these capabilities. The combination of a micromanipulation tool with three different imaging principles is accomplished in a single inverted microscope which makes the results from all the techniques directly comparable. Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were manipulated by optical tweezers while the feedback was directly analyzed by fluorescence lifetime imaging, digital holographic microscopy and dynamic phase‐contrast microscopy. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Assessment of summer extremes and climate variability over the north‐east of North America as simulated by the Canadian Regional Climate Model
Authors: Roy Philippe , Gachon Philippe , Laprise René 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe present study focuses on the evaluation and comparison of the ability of two versions of the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM) driven by re‐analyses (NCEP–NCAR) to reproduce the observed extremes and climate variability in summer (1961–1990). The analysed variables are daily precipitation, minimum and maximum temperatures over three regions located in north‐eastern North America that are characterized by different topography and observation density. The validation has been performed with multiple climate extreme indices characterizing the frequency, intensity and duration of precipitation and temperature events. The assessment of the ability of the CRCM is done through an in‐depth analysis of the statistical distribution, performance scores and interannual variability of extreme indices. The reference database has been constructed by kriging the daily observed data from local meteorological stations onto the CRCM 45‐km grid. The vast majority of results over the three regions show that, with respect to the previous (i.e. 3.7.1) CRCM version, the latest version (4.1.1) improves in general the simulated extreme events. In particular, the intensity of extreme hot summer temperature, diurnal temperature range, wet days occurrence, seasonal dry spell, and to a lesser extent extreme cold summer temperature and heavy rainfall. The study suggests that improvements in the simulated extremes in the latest version are due mainly to the introduction of the new land surface scheme (CLASS 2.7), with a more sophisticated representation of the soil moisture content. This suggests the importance of surface processes parameterization as a potential cause of errors in simulated extremes. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Extending Manley's Lancashire Plain Temperature Record: 1753–2007
Authors: Gormally A. M. , MacKenzie A. R. , Tych W. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBefore Gordon Manley began work on his famous Central England Temperature (CET) record, he constructed an instrumental temperature record for the Lancashire Plain (LP), covering 1753–1945. We describe the construction of the LP series, and discuss strategies for its extension to the present day. We analyse the relationship between the LP and the Central England Temperature (CET) record in order to assess the value of continuing the LP. Three strategies for extending the LP have been considered: replicating the original methodology Manley used to construct the LP (option 1), using linear regression on archived station data to bring the extended record ‘in line’ with the original LP (option 2), and using the CET to predict the LP (option 3). In extending the LP, the station at Morecambe (Met Office station number 16851) was found to be particularly important. Our analysis highlights the importance of maintaining long‐running records at those stations, such as Morecambe, that are representative of a wider region. All three options were successfully extended to the present, providing similar results. The three extended series resulted in annual mean differences of 0.23, 0.26, and 0.29 °C below the CET, respectively. Both options 1 and 2 appear to provide a legitimate extension of the LP that is independent of the CET. Owing to uncertainties in the replication of Manley's methodology, option 2 was used in our final reconstruction of the LP to 2007. The final extension was found to be significantly correlated to (r2 = 0.912), and statistically indistinguishable from, the CET (Student's t‐test, p = 1). Anomalies between the two series (CET–LP) resulted in a frequency distribution with mean of 0.26 °C, and relative standard deviation of 60%, showing that, although closely correlated, there is significant inter‐annual variability in the bias between the datasets. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis in Medieval Sigtuna, Sweden: A Study of Sinus Health and Effects on Bone Preservation
Authors: Sundman E. A. , Kjellström A. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTFrequencies of maxillary sinusitis in the population of the medieval town Sigtuna, Sweden, were examined. The first aim was to explore the occurrence of sinus conditions in this urban population, and the second was to investigate the effects of preservation in relation to these changes. The skeletal sample consisted of 274 adolescent and adult individuals buried ca 970–1530 AD. The maxillary sinuses were examined for different types of skeletal change related to sinusitis. The severity and location of these changes were recorded, together with the preservation of the sinus. When the diagnostic criteria for bone preservation from previous studies was used, i.e. the preservation of at least one complete antral floor, the results showed that 97.7% (n = 157) of the individuals were affected, with older individuals showing more severe bone changes. In the entire (i.e. more fragmented) sample, 94.5% (n = 259) showed signs of sinusitis. Again, older individuals showed more severe bone changes, and males were more frequently affected. Also, an increased frequency over time was found. The maxillae were subdivided into groups of bone preservation, and the results showed that there was a significant relation between preservation and the registered presence and severity of sinusitis. The results may be used as a cautionary note against investigating the occurrence of maxillary sinusitis without considering the skeletal preservation factor. There was no correlation between preservation and sex or age groups. This suggests that the differences between younger and older and male and female were not a result of preservation alone and could be considered as trustworthy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charge detection in a bilayer graphene quantum dot
Authors: Fringes Stefan , Volk Christian , Norda Caroline , Terrés Bernat , Dauber Jan , Engels Stephan , Trellenkamp Stefan , Stampfer Christoph 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe show measurements on a bilayer graphene quantum dot (QD) with an integrated charge detector. The focus lies on enabling charge detection with a 30 nm wide bilayer graphene nanoribbon located approximately 35 nm next to a bilayer graphene QD with an island diameter of about 100 nm. Local resonances in the nanoribbon can be successfully used to detect individual charging events in the dot even in regimes where the QD Coulomb peaks cannot be measured by conventional techniques.magnified image
False color atomic force microscope image of the investigated device.
Raman spectroscopy of PbTe/CdTe nanocrystals
Authors: Tschirner Norman , Lange Holger , Lambert Karel , Hens Zeger , Thomsen Christian 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe studied the evolution of Raman signals stemming from colloidal PbTe/CdTe nanocrystals (NCs). The NCs were grown using the cation exchange method and samples having different amounts of CdTe as shell material were investigated. The observed Raman bands are correlated to pure tellurium modes and after introduction of CdTe its longitudinal optical (LO) mode becomes also visible. The tellurium modes' intensity rapidly decreases after cationic exchange due to the chemical bonding of the vacant tellurium atoms.
Stepped discontinuity in a quantum well as a spin flipper
Authors: Dargys A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractElectron reflection off and transmission through a stepped discontinuity in quantum well (QW), for example, due difference in spin–orbit (SO) interaction constants, effective masses, or potential step, is analyzed in a general case. Correct boundary conditions at the discontinuity are taken into account. It was found that spin flipping of the transmitted beam can be as high as 100%. A simple formula that relates the transmitted spin polarization and SO interaction constants on both sides of the discontinuity is presented and a relevant experimental set‐up is proposed to measure SO interaction constants using a homobarrier in the QW.
Influence of randomness and retardation on the FMR‐linewidth
Authors: Bose Thomas , Trimper Steffen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe theory predicts that the spin‐wave lifetime τL and the linewidth of ferromagnetic resonance ΔB can be governed by random fields and spatial memory. To that aim the effective field around which the magnetic moments perform a precession is superimposed by a stochastic time dependent magnetic field with finite correlation time. The magnetization dynamics is altered by inclusion of a spatial memory effect monitoring a non‐local interaction of size ξ. The underlying Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation (LLG) is modified accordingly. The stochastic LLG is equivalent to a Fokker–Planck equation which enables to calculate the mean values of the magnetization vector. Within the spin‐wave approximation we present an analytical solution for the excitation energy and its damping. The lifetime and the linewidth are analyzed depending on the strength of the random field D and its correlation time τc as well as the retardation strength Γ0 and the size ξ. Whereas τL decreases with increasing D, retardation strength Γ0 and τc, the lifetime is enhanced for growing width ξ of the spatial retardation kernel. In the same manner we calculate the experimentally measurable linewidth ΔB is increased strongly when the correlation time τc ranges in the nanosecond interval.
Magnetic reorientation in a ferrimagnetic monolayer
Authors: Ilkovič V. , Kecer J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe Green function theory is used to study theoretically the magnetic reorientation phase transition (MRPT) in a two‐sublattice ferrimagnetic monolayer, with spin SA and SB at the sublattice A and B sites, respectively. The result is that MRPT in the sublattices A and B occurs at different reorientation temperatures. We can assume that presented model confirms the possibility of two magnetic phases in ferrimagnetic systems.
Synthesis, electrical transport and Mössbauer spectroscopy study of the layered iron tellurides Fe1.1−xNixTe
Authors: Janaki J. , Govindaraj R. , Kumary T. Geetha , Mani Awadhesh , Rao G.V. Narasimha , Bharathi A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization, electrical transport and Mössbauer spectroscopy study of the layered iron telluride series Fe1.1−xNixTe (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12) have been carried out. X‐ray characterization studies show that the Ni substituted compounds exhibit the tetragonal PbO‐type structure similar to the pristine compound Fe1.1Te, but with a reduction of the unit cell volume. Micro‐structural analysis using combined scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy reveal plate like morphology and fine grain sizes. The Ni contents are in agreement with the nominal composition. Mössbauer spectroscopic studies indicate significant changes in the local symmetry at the iron site upon substitution, including a more symmetric FeTe4 tetrahedron. It is inferred from the resistivity study in the range 300–4.2 K that Ni substitution leads to the suppression of the first order phase transition observed in Fe1.1Te. However superconductivity is not observed in the substituted compounds unlike in the case of anionic doping reported earlier.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CHANGES IN TOTAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS IN AN OXBOW LAKE AFTER IMPLEMENTING AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Authors: Kröger R. , Dibble E. , Brandt J. B. , Fleming J. P. , Huenemann T. , Stubbs T. , Prevost J. D. , Tietjen T. , Littlejohn K. A. , Pierce S. C. , Spickard M. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe Wolf–Broad oxbow lake (417 ha) was evaluated by the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality and included on the Mississippi 303(d) list of impaired waterbodies for total suspended solids (TSS). A study was undertaken for 2 years to evaluate and document changes to TSS (mg L−1) and overall lake turbidity (NTU) through best management practice implementation. These two objectives were analysed with routine monthly surface sampling events of turbidity (Eureka Manta 2, automated data sonde) as well as 20 random samples per sampling trip for TSS from June 2008 to June 2010. Results from a non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis analysis indicated a significant month‐by‐year effect on turbidity and TSS (chi‐squared = 76.08, p = 0.001), but reach (chi‐squared = 2.45, p = 0.784) and depth by reach (chi‐squared = 2.44, p = 0.784) did not show significant effects on turbidity. There were no significant correlations between TSS concentrations and turbidity and 2 days and 7 days summed or mean rainfall for the duration of the evaluation. Spearman correlation analysis for TSS indicated significant correlations between TSS and mean two‐day (r2 = 0.62, p = 0.002) and seven‐day (r2 = 0.51, p = 0.014) wind speeds. All other variables used in the analysis did not show significant correlation with TSS ( p > 0.05). This suggests that wind conditions, rather than rainfall, predict the greatest variability in TSS and turbidity in Wolf Lake. These documented correlations between lake water column TSS, turbidity and wind highlight the difficulties of demonstrating success of management practices in the short temporal period between project initiation and completion. Unmanageable environmental conditions (wind speed and direction) and limited temporal monitoring scales (1 1/2 years post‐BMP implementation) limit the possibility of demonstrating successful water‐quality improvement within a 303(d) listed waterbody such as Wolf Lake. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Network lifetime maximization for time‐sensitive data gathering in wireless sensor networks with a mobile sink
Authors: Liang Weifa , Luo Jun , Xu Xu 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTWith the advances of more and more mobile sink deployments (e.g., robots and unmanned aerial vehicles), mobile sinks have been demonstrated to play an important role in the prolongation of network lifetime. In this paper, we consider the network lifetime maximization problem for time‐sensitive data gathering, which requires sensing data to be sent to the sink as soon as possible, subject to several constraints on the mobile sink. Because the mobile sink is powered by petrol or electricity, its maximum travel distance per tour is bounded. The mobile sink's maximum moving distance from its current location to the next must also be bounded to minimize data loss. As building a new routing tree rooted at each new location will incur an overhead on energy consumption, the mobile sink must sojourn at each chosen location at least for a certain amount of time. The problem, thus, is to find an optimal sojourn tour for the mobile sink such that the network lifetime is maximized, which is subject to a set of constraints on the mobile sink: its maximum travel distance, the maximum distance of each movement, and the minimum sojourn time at each sojourn location. In this paper, we first formulate this novel multiple‐constrained optimization problem as the distance‐constrained mobile sink problem for time‐sensitive data gathering. We then devise a novel heuristic for it. We finally conduct extensive experiments by simulation to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed algorithm is very promising, and the solution obtained is fractional of the optimal one. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐conserving data gathering by mobile mules in a spatially separated wireless sensor network
Authors: Wu Fang‐Jing , Tseng Yu‐Chee 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper considers a spatially separated wireless sensor network, which consists of a number of isolated subnetworks that could be far away from each other in distance. We address the issue of using mobile mules to collect data from these sensor nodes. In such an environment, both data‐collection latency and network lifetime are critical issues. We model this problem as a bi‐objective problem, called energy‐constrained mule traveling salesman problem (EM‐TSP), which aims at minimizing the traversal paths of mobile mules such that at least one node in each subnetwork is visited by a mule and the maximum energy consumption among all sensor nodes does not exceed a pre‐defined threshold. Interestingly, the traversal problem turns out to be a generalization of the classical traveling salesman problem (TSP), an NP‐complete problem. With some geometrical properties of the network, we propose some efficient heuristics for EM‐TSP. We then extend our heuristics to multiple mobile mules. Extensive simulation results have been conducted, which show that our proposed solutions usually give much better solutions than most TSP‐like approximations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Karst development on a mobile substrate: Konarsiah salt extrusion, Iran
Authors: ZAREỊ MEHDI , RAEISI EZATOLAH , TALBOT CHRISTOPHER J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMost karst terranes develop slowly on static limestone substrates as part of the global hydrological cycle. Here we introduce the novel concept of a karst morphology developing very rapidly on a more soluble substrate of salt (NaCl) that is moving through its own global cycle. We open with a reminder of karst features and processes in limestone. We then illustrate the global salt cycle using the 180 or so extrusions of Hormoz salt in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. After describing the geology of an example, we consider how it fits into the evolution of salt extrusions. This example, Konarsiah, was chosen for its simple hydrology. Konarsiah is covered by residual soils of the insoluble components that remain in place as the Hormoz salt is dissolved. Dolines in the surface of these soils enlarge and the soils thicken as the moving salt dissolves. The long-term rate of salt dissolution and soil production on Konarsiah are estimated using traditional methods. The calculated age of the thickest, most distal soil is used to constrain the average rate at which the underlying salt flows downslope after extruding from two vents. The average velocities constrained for salt flow are lower than rates of displacement of markers near the summit of Konarsiah measured at irregular intervals over five years. Salt extruding from recently truncated diapirs near the arid south coast of Iran exhibit all the features seen in classical karst terranes. In the more humid mountains inland, vegetated soils protect salt extrusions like Konarsiah from erosion and limit their salt karst features. Soil covers also probably even out salt flow velocities. Salt extrusions advance when such protective covers grow and thicken in humid conditions. They retreat when such protection is lost to erosion in drier conditions. These external signs complement internal recumbent folds in extruded salt that signal intervals of faster salt flow when wet than dry. They also add to the features that render salt extrusions records of climate change.