bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to participation in biosampling-based translational research: A cross-sectional survey of Canadian critical care researchers
Authors: Cani Erblin , Tsang Jennifer L. Y. , Binnie Alexandra , dos Santos Claudia C. , Fowler Robert , Lamontagne Francois , Mehta Sangeeta , Liaw Patricia C. ,   on behalf of the Canadian Critical Care Translational Biology Group (CCCTBG), and the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group (CCCTG)
Published: May 2024

Background and objective
Collection of biosamples for translational research studies is vital for understanding biological pathways, discovering disease-related biomarkers, and identifying novel therapeutic targets. However, a lack of infrastructure for sample procurement, processing, storage, and shipping may hinder the ability of clinical research units to effectively engage in translational research. The purpose of this study was to identify the barriers to biosampling-based translational research in the critical care setting in Canada.

Methods
We administered an online survey to members of the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group (CCCTG), the Canadian Critical Care Translational Biology Group (CCCTBG), and the Canadian Critical Care Research Coordinators Group (CCCRCG). The survey focused on participants’ personal experience of biosampling research, research infrastructure, motivating factors, and perceived barriers.

Results
We received 59 responses from 31 sites, including 6 community intensive care unit (ICU) sites. The overall response rate was 11.3%. The majority of respondents were research coordinators (44%), followed by clinician-investigators (33.8%), graduate students (10.2%), and PhD-investigators (8.5%). Although most (63.8%) respondents reported an interest in participating in translational research, they also reported that their ICUs were currently contributing to a third of the number of translational studies compared to clinical studies. For respondents with experience in participating in translational research studies, the most common barriers were lack of funding, lack of time, and insufficient research staff. For respondents without previous experience, the perceived facilitators were more interest from their research group, improved training/mentorship, increased funding, and better access to laboratory equipment.

Conclusions
Our survey found that the majority of participants were interested in and recognize the value of participating in biosampling-based translational research but lacked funding, time, and research personnel trained in biosampling protocols. Our survey also identified factors that might encourage participation at new sites. Addressing these barriers will be a key step towards increasing translational research capacity across Canada.
WilsonGenAI a deep learning approach to classify pathogenic variants in Wilson Disease
Authors: Vatsyayan Aastha , Kumar Mukesh , Saikia Bhaskar Jyoti , Scaria Vinod , B. K. Binukumar 
Published: May 2024

Background
Advances in Next Generation Sequencing have made rapid variant discovery and detection widely accessible. To facilitate a better understanding of the nature of these variants, American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association of Molecular Pathologists (ACMG-AMP) have issued a set of guidelines for variant classification. However, given the vast number of variants associated with any disorder, it is impossible to manually apply these guidelines to all known variants. Machine learning methodologies offer a rapid way to classify large numbers of variants, as well as variants of uncertain significance as either pathogenic or benign. Here we classify ATP7B genetic variants by employing ML and AI algorithms trained on our well-annotated WilsonGen dataset.

Methods
We have trained and validated two algorithms: TabNet and XGBoost on a high-confidence dataset of manually annotated, ACMG & AMP classified variants of the ATP7B gene associated with Wilson’s Disease.

Results
Using an independent validation dataset of ACMG & AMP classified variants, as well as a patient set of functionally validated variants, we showed how both algorithms perform and can be used to classify large numbers of variants in clinical as well as research settings.

Conclusion
We have created a ready to deploy tool, that can classify variants linked with Wilson’s disease as pathogenic or benign, which can be utilized by both clinicians and researchers to better understand the disease through the nature of genetic variants associated with it.
Financial management engagement and small and medium-sized businesses in eThekwini municipality, South Africa
Authors: Aliamutu Kansilembo , Mkhize Msizi 
Published: May 2024

Small and medium-sized businesses are widely recognised as the cornerstone of growth in emerging and middle-class countries, and South Africa is no different. They generate many job possibilities and salaries for many individuals who live in cities, making them an essential component of average national production. The main objective of the research was to examine the level to which Small and Medium-sized businesses in the eThekwini Municipality used financial management. The research project used a quantitative method to collect and analyse data from the field. The survey included 60 participants from various small and medium-sized businesses in eThekwini. Proprietors and managers of small and medium-sized businesses were among those who responded. The rate at which organisations implement systems that effectively organise their money was a crucial component in analysing the financial management engagements of small and medium-sized businesses. This can be assessed in various ways, including distributing closed-ended surveys to responders. As a result, the proprietors of small and medium-sized businesses were prompted to score their companies based on the level to which financial preparation strategies were implemented and the funding sources. The research found that small and medium-sized businesses in the research areas did not develop long-term financial strategies that included investments in non-current assets, shares, stocks, and real estate initiatives. Small and medium-sized businesses must establish trustworthy systems for accounting information, disclose and analyse their financial challenges regularly, and advocate for laws that make it simpler for small and medium-sized businesses to obtain inexpensive financing. Since small and medium-sized businesses are recognised as contributing significantly to national economic growth, they must keep growing.
Student viewpoints on the importance and consequences of toxic object management and end of life disposal
Authors: dos Santos Karen Ouverney , Medeiros Machado Murilo , Elias de Almeida Morelli Ruth 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Over the past few years, batteries have become increasingly more common in electronic devices as part of people’s daily lives. Concerns for the environment have grown due to the improper disposal of these materials which is increasing. Batteries contain potentially toxic metals in their composition, which can lead to soil contamination due to exposure to weather conditions and rain. Concerning this matter, to prove the harm that batteries cause to aquatic environments when incorrectly discarded, students decided to carry out leaching tests that consist of using collected rainwater and a simulation of seawater, to which they added alkaline L1154 batteries connected in series and lithium batteries as well. This hands-on learning experience is intended for high school students and can be adapted to be taken in the first year of Chemistry at universities. The adaptation offers a valuable opportunity for students of different educational levels to explore the environmental impacts of batteries, provoking a deeper understanding of the chemistry involving these devices.
Elucidating atomic emission and molecular absorption spectra using a basic CD spectrometer: a pedagogical approach for secondary-level students
Authors: Moraes Edgar Perin , Ângelo Fonseca de Souza Miguel , Bruno dos Santos Alef 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Spectroscopy has held a pivotal role in advancing our comprehension of chemistry, dating back to its inception by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff. Nonetheless, access to advanced spectrometers remains restricted, particularly in high schools within developing nations. In this laboratory experiment, students were guided to fashion a spectrometer using reusable materials. This uncomplicated contrivance facilitated the exploration of emission and absorption spectroscopy, acquainting students with atomic spectra marked by electronic transitions, yielding line spectra. Conversely, molecules display not solely electronic transitions, but also vibrational and rotational shifts within chemical bonds, culminating in band spectra. Mobile phone cameras were enlisted as detectors. Captures of sodium and copper atoms emitting light in the course of a flame test, as well as depictions of molecular entities (copper sulphate pentahydrate and potassium permanganate aqueous solutions) absorbing light, were transmuted into the RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color model channels. The learning outcomes exhibited that 86 % of the students successfully discerned between an atomic spectrum and a molecular spectrum. Furthermore, 93 % of the students indicated that the incorporation of mobile devices in fostering scientific comprehension effectively seized their attention, resulting in heightened levels of engagement.
Exploring the intersections of language ideologies and affect: The case of multilingual ‘returnee’ women in Turkey
Authors: Erdoğan-Öztürk Yasemin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study explores the discursive construction and negotiation of exclusion and belonging, at the conceptual intersection of language ideologies and affect. Focusing on a group of multilingual ‘return’ migrant women of Turkish heritage, who were born, raised, and educated in Germany in Turkish migrant families and later settled in Turkey as highly-qualified adult professionals, the paper delves into the complexities of their lived experiences of languages. Based on in-depth interviews with eight multilingual women with diasporic upbringings in Germany and now residing in Turkey, the paper argues that the construction of authentic membership and the sense of (un)belonging is achieved through intensive affective engagements with standard and prescriptivist language ideologies in Turkey. It is further discussed that prevailing hegemonic language ideologies in both diasporic and local contexts create unique discursive sites of a marginalized and gendered vulnerability for the multilingual ‘returnee’ women in the study.
Simulation design for Ro-FSO communications system by digital modulation schemes
Authors: Mohammed Tahani J. , Ali Mazin Ali A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Ro-FSO system was designed using Opti System software (version 20), and its efficiency is evaluated in this study using two distinct digital modulators (PSK and DPSK). The proposed system consists of four transmission channels, each with its own wavelength (193.1, 193.2, 193.3, and 193.4 THz). The system was utilized to transmit data at three different rates (10, 20, and 40 Gbit/s) under four different levels of dust attenuation. Because of the large quantity of data retrieved, only results from two specific wavelengths (193.1 and 193.4 THz) were disclosed, as they exhibited the highest Q-factor and lowest bit error rate (BER). The study observed that the (DPSK) modulator surpassed the (PSK) modulator in multiple attenuation scenarios and had superior performance when transmitting data at speeds of 10 and 40 Gb/s. The wavelength of 193.4 THz performed optimally with both modulators in terms of wavelengths.
Los primeros magistrados de las colonias y municipios de época cesariano-augustea en la Hispania Ulterior Baetica
Authors: Melchor Gil Enrique 
Published: May 2024

Resumen
En este trabajo estudiamos los testimonios conservados de magistrados de colonias y municipios de la Hispania Ulterior Baetica que se datan entre el 49 a.C. y la muerte de Tiberio. Su objetivo es buscar captar, mediante un enfoque prosopográfico, los principales rasgos que caracterizaron a los miembros de este colectivo y resaltar los comportamientos sociopolíticos comunes de dicho grupo que fue el encargado de guiar los primeros pasos de las nuevas comunidades cívicas surgidas de los procesos de colonización y municipalización cesariano-augusteos. Igualmente, la documentación epigráfica y numismática generada en este periodo nos permitirá mostrar los momentos iniciales del proceso de formación de una nueva élite hispano-romana caracterizada por la mezcla e integración de Hispanienses e Hispani, que asumió el gobierno de las comunidades cívicas de la Bética y de la que pronto comenzarán a surgir “hombres nuevos” deseosos de promocionar a los ordines superiores y de ocupar puestos de responsabilidad en Roma y en la administración imperial.
Σενέκα οὐσία: considerazioni circa la formazione della proprietà di Seneca in Egitto (e la datazione del soggiorno senecano nella provincia)
Authors: Arpaia Anna 
Published: May 2024

Riassunto
Un indice delle fonti papirologiche relative alle proprietà possedute da Seneca il Giovane in Egitto è già stato fornito da Parássoglou<fnote> Parássoglou 1978, 24.</fnote>, ad eccezione di un testo, ivi citato ma pubblicato e integrato successivamente. Quest’ultimo è particolarmente rilevante tra le fonti, e sarà qui analizzato contestualmente (SB XVI 12383<fnote> TM 16229 (= C. Pap. Gr. II 8 = SB XIV 11336 = CdÉ 55 [1980], p. 272).</fnote>). Alcuni nuovi dati di carattere cronologico, in particolare la rivista datazione del medesimo papiro, consentono di presentare una nuova ipotesi in merito ai tempi di formazione dei beni senecani (senz’altro prima del 55 d.C.); si sostiene la possibilità dell’acquisizione di proprietà in Egitto in data precedente alle presunte donazioni di Nerone, e si pongono in risalto gli elementi a favore di un interesse precoce per possedimenti locali, ovvero il soggiorno alessandrino e la produzione di un’opera giovanile – perduta – in tema di geografia e riti egiziani. Inoltre, si annovera la discussa datazione della prefettura d’Egitto dello zio di Seneca, Gaius Galerius, a favore di una ricollocazione cronologica del medesimo soggiorno di Seneca adolescente nella provincia, eventualmente più lungo di quanto precedentemente affermato, ovvero ante 19 d.C. – e/o comunque anteriore alla data di arrivo convenzionalmente accettata (21 d.C.) – e fino al 27 d.C. L’appendice si incentra sulla natura dei documenti più antichi relativi alla Σενέκα οὐσία (Σενεκανὴ οὐσία per i documenti post mortem<fnote> L’uso di un aggettivo riferito all’οὐσία, ottenuto dal nome proprio mediante l’aggiunta del suffisso latino -ianus o -iana, in alternativa alla forma con πρότερον, è una modalità comune per definire un grande bene fondiario mediante un proprietario noto, precedente o originario, e vale dunque da segno distintivo o di riconoscimento (la forma Σενεκ(ι)ανὴ οὐσία è la più diffusa nei papiri, per la datazione della maggioranza delle fonti successivamente alla morte di Seneca).</fnote>), che siano coevi o di poco successivi alla morte di Seneca, e sull’inquadramento e la natura amministrativa del ruolo di ‘appaltatore’ (μισθωτής) di Tiberius Claudius Theon, incaricato della gestione complessiva delle proprietà di Seneca in Egitto, o quantomeno dei fondi ubicati nella circoscrizione dell’Ossirinchite.
Paradox of Voting: Extra-Urban Voters in the Late Roman Republic
Authors: Morstein-Marx Robert 
Published: May 2024

Summary
It is almost universally supposed on general principles that Roman citizens who did not live near the city of Rome were effectively disenfranchised by the logistical difficulty of traveling to the capital to vote, and thus that citizen participation in state decision-making was derisively small; this poses a difficulty for the ‘popular’ model of the functioning of the Roman Republic that has won considerable adherence in recent years. However, a systematic review of evidence for voting by citizens who lived around the peninsula and even for non-citizens’ travel to Rome before 90 BC to apply direct pressure on major votes, shows that distance did not present an insurmountable obstacle to meaningful participation in Roman political life by Italians and extra-urban citizens. It also demonstrates the great importance citizens attached to the vote (suffragium) – a guarantee of their freedom, and the key mechanism by which they influenced their political leaders. This in turn helps to clarify why many Italians, including those of modest means, would have desired Roman citizenship in the run-up to the ‘Social War.’
Oligarchia
Revisited
Authors: Madson Luke N. , Smith Amy C. 
Published: May 2024

Summary
This article revisits an ostensibly important monument in Classical Attic historiography: the so-called Tomb of Critias, as preserved in a scholium note in Aeschines’ “Against Timarchus” (1.39). We survey prior scholarly positions on the realia of this monument, suggest it is a fiction, and consider the possible sources for the hexameter verse associated with it. We argue that the poetic composition from which the entire tradition derives, rather than being an inscription on a tomb, may in fact be an oligarchic commemoration, perhaps an encomium or epitaphios logos recited at Eleusis in the aftermath of the fall of the Thirty. As such, the verse composition may allude to a historiographical tradition that viewed the Thirty as a subversive hetaireia/kōmos group led out to govern the unruly dēmos. The reception of this composition generates a ‘lieu de mémoire’ in the historical imagination of later readers. The composition offers a piece of comparanda for the political views expressed by other Athenians with pro-oligarchic tendencies, an extreme formulation that strongly contrasts with the extant writings of Critias, Plato, and Xenophon. In revisiting this short anecdote we highlight the relevance of both scholia and monuments in our understanding of Attic historiography.
Les citoyens romains à Cos du ier s. av. n.è. à 212 de n.è. Étude chronologique à partir d’un corpus prosopographique
Authors: Vlamos Alexandre 
Published: May 2024

Résumé
La riche épigraphie de Cos permet de constituer un corpus de 1192 individus disposant de la citoyenneté romaine entre le i
er s. av. n.è. et 212 de n.è. Cet article propose une première analyse de ce corpus prosopographique en se concentrant sur la chronologie de la présence romaine à Cos et sur l’étude des noms romains pour évaluer la diffusion de la citoyenneté romaine en Orient. Le nombre de citoyens romains est important dès le i
er s. av. n.è., avant d’exploser au i
er s. de. n.è., puis de diminuer au ii
e s. av. n.è. Le corpus de Cos présente une majorité de gentilice non-impériaux, ce qui laisse suggérer que c’est moins l’octroi de la citoyenneté romaine par les empereurs que l’installation de familles de negotiatores qui a diffusé la ciuitas Romana à Cos. Parmi les empereurs, si Claude a eu un rôle majeur dans l’octroi de la ciuitas Romana, il faut réévaluer à la hausse le rôle de César, Auguste et peut-être Tibère. Enfin, la citoyenneté romaine n’est pas restée au sein de l’élite, le corpus des inscriptions funéraires permettant de connaître un grand nombre de citoyens romains moins fortunés et éloignés des charges politiques.
Quaestorian
insignia
on Roman Coins of the Late Republic
Authors: Pina Polo Francisco , Díaz Fernández Alejandro 
Published: May 2024

Summary
The reverses of several provincial issues minted by quaestors during the Late Republic bear a series of symbols that have traditionally been associated with the work performed by these magistrates overseas. They include objects such as the hasta, which presided over auctions as a sign of Roman authority over the goods sold, the capsa, which held administrative documents, and the sacculus, a symbol of the allowance that quaestors were expected to distribute among the troops. However, the most characteristic and striking object on these coins is without doubt a four-legged piece of furniture, the functionality of which has been the subject of much debate. In light of the numismatic evidence and the role played by quaestors in the Republican provincial administration, the aim of this work is to analyse the symbols present on these issues, as well as to determine, in particular, the function and classification of that piece of furniture, which should perhaps be identified as the sella or stool on which quaestors sat in the exercise of their duties at Rome and in the provinces, alike.
Covid-19, State Effectiveness, and Core Values of Political Morality
Authors: McInerney Thomas F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
There are three main failures that occurred during Covid-19 which relate to critical aspects of what Jeremy Waldron has referred to as the constellation of political values or ideals constituting the core of our political morality. These include questions of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law. To analyze how these values were affected by Covid-19, this article begins with an overview of what occurred during the Covid-19 crisis. First, I focus on the deliberation and decision-making processes applied during the crisis. Second, I review key aspects of state effectiveness that the experience exposed. Third, I consider the ways government responses affected human rights protections. I then examine these themes through leading theoretical accounts about the critical components of political morality including rule of law, democracy, and human rights. Drawing on those theoretical perspectives, I seek to identify the broad causal story about the developmental process through which rule of law, democracy, and human rights emerge. A critical component of that story is the role of state effectiveness. In the final section, I confront these theoretical and empirical views with key takeaways from governments’ responses to Covid-19 from the standpoint of Waldron’s constellation of values of democracy, human rights, and rule of law. In conclusion I consider the implications of this understanding for the theory and practice of law and development.
USE OF PREFABRICATED MANDIBULAR ADVANCEMENT DEVICE FOR TREATMENT OF SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME IN INTERCITY TRANSPORT DRIVER: CASE REPORT
Authors: Rocha Fernandes Antônio Luiz , Da Rosa Rambo Tiago , Diehl Bruna Eduarda , Ali Juma Hamid Rafik , Wagner Litiele Evelin , Romão Vieira Morinélli Alexander , Mohammad Kamal Mansour Kamila , Paiva Dulciane Nunes 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) there are obstructions in the upper airway that cause desaturations, sleep disorders and an increased risk of involvement in car accidents due to poor sleep quality. The Mandibular Advancement Device (MAD) is one of the therapeutic alternatives for this syndrome. Objective: To evaluate the effects of MAD in an intercity public transport driver with OSAS. Methods: This is a case report of an individual submitted to MAD for a period of eight weeks. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) were evaluated using the polysomnographic profile and the quality of life (QoL) using the SF-36 questionnaire. The severity of OSAS was defined by the (AHI in which ≥ 5 and ≤ 15 are classified as mild; moderate when ≥ 15 and < 29; and AHI ≥ 30, severe). Results: There was a reduction in the AHI from moderate to normal (16.0 → 1.8 ev/h), a reduction in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (5 → 3), an increase in the domains of the QOL questionnaire in the domains of functional capacity (65 → 90), physical limitations (75 → 100), general condition (30 → 35), vitality (50 → 55), emotional aspects (33.33 → 100) and mental health (52 → 76). Conclusion: There was a reduction in the apnea and hypopnea index and sleepiness and increase in quality of life after using a mandibular advancement device in an intercity public transport driver.
Keywords: Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Quality of life; Sleepiness; Dental Research.