bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality control of PET radiopharmaceuticals by high‐performance liquid chromatography with tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Nakao Ryuji , Furutsuka Kenji , Fukumura Toshimitsu , Yamaguchi Masatoshi , Suzuki Kazutoshi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA highly sensitive reversed‐phase liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was investigated to analyze a range of positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals using electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) detection. ECL is based on the reaction of PET molecules with tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) [Ru(bpy)33+], which is generated through the on‐line electro‐oxidation of Ru(bpy)32+. In 21 different radiopharmaceuticals studied, 18 compounds could be detected with detection limits (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3) of 0.12–72 ng/mL per 20 μL injection. Sufficient reproducibility and linearity were obtained for the quantitative determination of PET molecules in pharmaceutical fluid. This method could be successfully applied to quality control tests of PET radiopharmaceuticals with ultra‐high specific radioactivity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of fexofenadine concentration in micro‐sample human plasma by a rapid and sensitive LC‐MS/MS employing protein precipitation: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Guo Daqing , Zou Jianjun , Zhu Yubing , Lou Sheng , Fan Hongwei , Qin Qun 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/positive ion electro‐spray tandem mass spectrometry method (LC‐MS/MS) was developed and validated for the quantification of fexofenadine with 100 μL human plasma employing glipizide as internal standard (IS). Protein precipitation was used in the sample preparation procedure. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed‐phase C18 column (5 μm, 100 × 2.1 mm) with methanol : buffer (containing 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid; 70 : 30, v/v) as mobile phase. The total chromatographic runtime was approximately 3.0 min with retention time for fexofenadine and IS at approximately 1.9 and 2.1 min, respectively. Detection of fexofenadine and IS was achieved by LC‐MS/MS in positive ion mode using 502.1 → 466.2 and 446.0 → 321.1 transitions, respectively. The method was proved to be accurate and precise at linearity range of 1–600 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) of ≥0.9976. The validated method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in human volunteers following oral administration of 60 or 120 mg fexofenadine formulations, successfully. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic Equilibria in Solvent‐Mediated Anion, Cation and Ligand Exchange in Transition‐Metal Coordination Polymers: Solid‐State Transfer or Recrystallisation?
Authors: Cui Xianjin , Khlobystov Andrei N. , Chen Xinyong , Marsh Dan H. , Blake Alexander J. , Lewis William , Champness Neil R. , Roberts Clive J. , Schröder Martin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe solution properties of a series of transition‐metal–ligand coordination polymers [ML(X)n]∞ [M=AgI, ZnII, HgII and CdII; L=4,4′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐bipy), pyrazine (pyz), 3,4′‐bipyridine (3,4′‐bipy), 4‐(10‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)anthracen‐9‐yl)pyridine (anbp); X=NO3−, CH3COO−, CF3SO3−, Cl−, BF4−; n=1 or 2] in the presence of competing anions, metal cations and ligands have been investigated systematically. Providing that the solubility of the starting complex is sufficiently high, all the components of the coordination polymer, namely the anion, the cation and the ligand, can be exchanged on contact with a solution phase of a competing component. The solubility of coordination polymers is a key factor in the analysis of their reactivity and this solubility depends strongly on the physical properties of the solvent and on its ability to bind metal cations constituting the backbone of the coordination polymer. The degree of reversibility of these solvent‐induced anion‐exchange transformations is determined by the ratio of the solubility product constants for the starting and resultant complexes, which in turn depend upon the choice of solvent and the temperature. The extent of anion exchange is controlled effectively by the ratio of the concentrations of incoming ions to outgoing ions in the liquid phase and the solvation of various constituent components comprising the coordination polymer. These observations can be rationalised in terms of a dynamic equilibrium of ion exchange reactions coupled with Ostwald ripening of crystalline products. The single‐crystal X‐ray structures of [Ag(pyz)ClO4]∞ (1), {[Ag(4,4′‐bipy)(CF3SO3)]⋅CH3CN}∞ (2), {[Ag(4,4′‐bipy)(CH3CN)]ClO4⋅ 0.5 CH3CN}∞ (3), metal‐free anbp (4), [Ag(anbp)NO3(H2O)]∞ (5), {[Cd(4,4′‐bipy)2(H2O)2](NO3)2⋅4 H2O}∞ (6) and {[Zn(4,4′‐bipy)SO4(H2O)3] ⋅2 H2O}∞ (7) are reported.
Docetaxel and irinotecan in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer
Authors: Argiris Athanassios , Buchanan Ashley , Brockstein Bruce , Kolesar Jill , Ghebremichael Musie , Pins Michael , Hahn Kristine , Axelrod Rita , Forastiere Arlene 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Docetaxel and irinotecan have single‐agent antitumor activity in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The authors sought to evaluate their combination in the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic SCCHN.METHODS:Eligibility criteria included recurrent or metastatic SCCHN with measurable disease, good performance status, and adequate laboratory parameters. Patients received docetaxel 35 mg/m2and irinotecan 60 mg/m2, intravenously, on Days 1 and 8, every 21 days, until disease progression. The authors assessed UGT1A1 genotype, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum, and cyclooxygenase‐2 and VEGF in baseline tumor tissue.RESULTS:Fifty‐two patients were analyzable: 20 chemotherapy naive (Group A) and 32 previously treated with 1 chemotherapy regimen (Group B); 73% of patients had distant metastasis, and 60% were paclitaxel‐exposed. In Group A, 3 (15%) patients achieved a partial response; in Group B, 1 (3%) patient achieved a partial response. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 3.3 and 8.2 months in Group A and 1.9 and 5.0 months in Group B, respectively. Common serious toxicities were diarrhea, fatigue, and anorexia. Patients with high serum VEGF had a median PFS of 2.8 months versus 1.7 months for patients with low VEGF (P= .085).CONCLUSIONS:Docetaxel and irinotecan had acceptable toxicities, but efficacy results in unselected patients with recurrent or metastatic SCCHN did not suggest an advantage over docetaxel alone or platinum‐based regimens. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Autoregulatory effects of serotonin on proliferation and signaling pathways in lung and small intestine neuroendocrine tumor cell lines
Authors: Drozdov Ignat , Kidd Mark , Gustafsson Bjorn I. , Svejda Bernhard , Joseph Richard , Pfragner Roswitha , Modlin Irvin M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Survival rates for gastrointestinal (GI) and bronchopulmonary (BP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have not altered significantly (5‐year survival rate: GI NETs, 64.1%; BP NETs, 87%‐89%) in 30 years (from 1973 to 2004). No effective or specific antineoplastic agents are available to date, although somatostatin analogs inhibit NET 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HT) secretion. Given the expression of 5‐HT receptors on NETs, the authors hypothesized that 5‐HT autoregulated NET proliferation.METHODS:Proliferation was evaluated in 3 NET cell lines using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide uptake; in addition, real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay studies were performed to delineate 5‐HT–mediated signaling pathways. To determine the receptor and role of endogenous 5‐HT production, the effects of ketanserin (5‐HT receptor subtypes 2A and 2C [5‐HT2A/2C]); ondansetron (5‐HT3); and the suicide inhibitor of the rate‐limiting enzyme for 5‐HT synthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase (7‐HTP) were investigated.RESULTS:Exogenously added 5‐HT stimulated proliferation in atypical BP NET NCI‐H720 cells (+50%; half‐maximal stimulatory concentration [EC50] = 10 nM), in typical BP NET NCI‐H727 cells (+40%; EC50 = 0.01 nM), and in GI NET KRJ‐I cells (+60%; EC50 = 25 nM). In NCI‐H720 cells, proliferation was inhibited by ketanserin (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 0.06 nM) and ondansetron (IC50 = 0.4 nM) and also was inhibited by 7‐HTP (IC50 = 0.3 nM). In NCI‐H727 cells, ketanserin and 7‐HTP inhibited proliferation (IC50 = 0.3 nM and IC50 = 2.3 nM, respectively), whereas ondansetron had no effect. In KRJ‐I cells, ketanserin (IC50 = 0.1 nM) and 7‐HTP (IC50 = 0.6 nM), but not ondansetron, inhibited proliferation. In all cell lines, 5‐HT activated proliferation through extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 phosphorylation and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)‐mediated pathways (c‐JUN and Ki‐67 transcription). An autoregulatory effect was indicated by the 7‐HTP–mediated inhibition of extracellular 5‐HT and downstream effects on NET proliferation.CONCLUSIONS:Lung and GI NET proliferation was autoregulated by 5‐HT through alterations in ERK and JNK signaling. Targeting NET cells with 5‐HT2 receptor antagonists and 7‐HTP reversed proliferation. The current results indicated that 5‐HT2 receptor subtype‐specific antagonists may represent a viable antiproliferative therapeutic strategy. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The role of angiocidin in sarcomas
Authors: Liebig Catherine , Wilks Jonathan A. , Feig Barry W. , Wang Thomas N. , Wilson Mariya , Herdman Ann V. , Albo Daniel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Angiocidin, first identified as a tumor‐associated thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) receptor, is a key mediator of tumor progression. TSP‐1, an extracellular protein produced by stromal cells, up‐regulates gelatinases and tumor cell invasion in epithelial malignancies. The authors recently developed 2 angiocidin‐inhibitory peptides that block angiocidin–TSP‐1 binding. They hypothesized that angiocidin mediates increased gelatinase expression and tumor cell invasion in sarcomas through its interaction with TSP‐1.METHODS:Angiocidin, TSP‐1, and gelatinase expression was evaluated in low‐grade and high‐grade sarcoma specimens. The authors established 3 distinct cell lines from a patient with an extraskeletal osteosarcoma: EXOS‐N (normal mesenchymal), EXOS‐P (primary osteosarcoma), and EXOS‐M (lung metastasis). Each was evaluated for angiocidin, gelatinase, and gelatinase inhibitor (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase) expression and for invasive capacity. Their responsiveness to TSP‐1 was determined. The role of angiocidin in up‐regulating gelatinase expression and invasion was studied using the authors' angiocidin‐inhibitory peptides.RESULTS:Expression of angiocidin, TSP‐1, and gelatinases correlated with tumor grade. Angiocidin expression, gelatinase activity, and invasiveness in the EXOS cell lines correlated with phenotype; EXOS‐N cells did not express angiocidin or gelatinases and were not invasive; EXOS‐M cells were 5 times more invasive than EXOS‐P cells and exhibited greater angiocidin and gelatinase expression. EXOS cell gelatinase activity and invasiveness increased 4‐ to 5‐fold in response to TSP‐1. Inhibition of angiocidin with the authors' inhibitory peptides blocked TSP‐1–promoted increases in gelatinase activity and tumor cell invasion.CONCLUSIONS:Angiocidin promotes gelatinase up‐regulation and tumor cell invasion in sarcomas. Angiocidin‐inhibitory peptides are potent inhibitors of sarcoma cell invasion in vitro, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for these peptides in the treatment of sarcomas. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Optical and Magnetic Properties of Conjugate Structures of PbSe Quantum Dots and γ‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Etgar Lioz , Leitus Gregory , Fradkin Leonid , Assaraf Yehuda G. , Tannenbaum Rina , Lifshitz Efrat 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn investigation of the optical and magnetic properties of a unique hydrogen‐linked conjugate nanostructure, comprised of superparamagnetic γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) and near‐infrared PbSe nanocrystal quantum dot (NQD) chromophores, is reported. The results show retention of the NQDs’ emission quantum efficiency and radiative lifetime, and only a small red shift of its band energy, upon conjugation to the dielectric surroundings of γ‐Fe2O3 NPs. The study also shows the sustainability of the superparamagnetism of the NPs after conjugation, with only a slight decrease of the ferromagnetic–superparamagnetic transition temperature with respect to that of the individual NPs. Thus, the conjugate nanostructure can be considered as a useful medical platform when PbSe NQDs act as fluorescent tags, while the γ‐Fe2O3 NPs are used as a vehicle driven by an external magnetic field for targeted delivery of tags or drugs.
3D Imaging of the Single Microdischarge Development in Coplanar Barrier Discharges in Synthetic Air at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Hoder T. , Šíra M. , Kozlov K. V. , Wagner H.‐E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe evolution of the luminosity of the coplanar barrier discharge in the single‐filament mode was studied by the technique of cross‐correlation spectroscopy and intensified high‐speed CCD camera. For the first time 3D‐spatially and temporally resolved investigations of the luminosity of second positive (at 337.1 nm) and first negative (at 391.5 nm) system of molecular nitrogen in this discharge type were realized. Although the coplanar barrier discharge is sometimes referred to as a pure surface discharge, it shows clear 3D structure. From these experimental data, the propagation of the cathode‐directed ionizing wave in the space above the gap is clearly seen. Also, a second ionizing wave propagating towards anode later on has been detected, too. The diffuse spots created by impact of ionizing waves onto the dielectrics and their propagation on the dielectric surface is described. The results for the coplanar barrier discharge are compared with corresponding experimental results obtained for the volume barrier discharge and basic similarities are pointed out (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthetic Aspects of Porphyrin Dendrimers
Authors: Maes Wouter , Dehaen Wim 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis Microreview presents a concise overview of the different synthetic approaches that have been applied to porphyrin dendrimers over the years, with the porphyrin macrocycle(s) being embedded variously as the dendritic cores, at the peripheries, within the branching units, or spread throughout entire dendritic architectures. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
No increases in biomarkers of genetic damage or pathological changes in heart and brain tissues in male rats administered methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin) for 28 days
Authors: Witt Kristine L. , Malarkey David E. , Hobbs Cheryl A. , Davis Jeffrey P. , Kissling Grace E. , Caspary William , Travlos Gregory , Recio Leslie 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFollowing a 2005 report of chromosomal damage in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who were treated with the commonly prescribed medication methylphenidate (MPH), numerous studies have been conducted to clarify the risk for MPH‐induced genetic damage. Although most of these studies reported no changes in genetic damage endpoints associated with exposure to MPH, one recent study (Andreazza et al. [2007]: Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 31:1282–1288) reported an increase in DNA damage detected by the Comet assay in blood and brain cells of Wistar rats treated by intraperitoneal injection with 1, 2, or 10 mg/kg MPH; no increases in micronucleated lymphocyte frequencies were observed in these rats. To clarify these findings, we treated adult male Wistar Han rats with 0, 2, 10, or 25 mg/kg MPH by gavage once daily for 28 consecutive days and measured micronucleated reticulocyte (MN‐RET) frequencies in blood, and DNA damage in blood, brain, and liver cells 4 hr after final dosing. Flow cytometric evaluation of blood revealed no significant increases in MN‐RET. Comet assay evaluations of blood leukocytes and cells of the liver, as well as of the striatum, hippocampus, and frontal cortex of the brain showed no increases in DNA damage in MPH‐treated rats in any of the three treatment groups. Thus, the previously reported observations of DNA damage in blood and brain tissue of rats exposed to MPH for 28 days were not confirmed in this study. Additionally, no histopathological changes in brain or heart, or elevated serum biomarkers of cardiac injury were observed in these MPH‐exposed rats. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2010. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Examination for adjoint boundary conditions in initial water elevation estimation problems
Authors: Kurahashi T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractI present here a method of generating a distribution of initial water elevation by employing the adjoint equation and finite element methods. A shallow‐water equation is employed to simulate flow behavior. The adjoint equation method is utilized to obtain a distribution of initial water elevation for the observed water elevation. The finite element method, using the stabilized bubble function element, is used for spatial discretization, and the Crank–Nicolson method is used for temporal discretizations. In addition to a method for optimally assimilating water elevation, a method is presented for determining adjoint boundary conditions. An examination using the observation data including noise data is also carried out. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
El Niño Southern Oscillation link to the Blue Nile River Basin hydrology
Authors: Abtew Wossenu , Melesse Assefa M. , Dessalegne Tibebe 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe objective of this study is to evaluate the relationships of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices and the Blue Nile River Basin hydrology using a new approach that tracks cumulative ENSO indices. The results of this study can be applied for water resources management decision making to mitigate drought or flood impacts with a lead time of at least few months. ENSO tracking and forecasting is relatively easier than predicting hydrology. ENSO teleconnections to the Blue Nile River Basin hydrology were evaluated using spatial average basin rainfall and Blue Nile flows at Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. The ENSO indices were sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in region Niño 3·4 and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). The analysis indicates that the Upper Blue Nile Basin rainfall and flows are teleconnected to the ENSO indices. Based on event correspondence and correlation analysis, high rainfall and high flows are likely to occur during La Niña years and dry years are likely to occur during El Niño years at a confidence level of 90%. Extreme dry and wet years are very likely to correspond with ENSO events as given above. The great Ethiopian famine of 1888–1892 corresponds to one of the strongest El Niño years, 1888. The recent drought years in Ethiopia correspond to strong El Niño years and wet years correspond to La Niña years. In this paper, a new approach is proposed on how to classify the strength of ENSO events by tracking consecutive monthly events through a year. A cumulative SST index value of ≥5 and cumulative SOI value of ≤ −7 indicate strong El Niño. A cumulative SST index value of ≤−5 and cumulative SOI index of ≥7 indicate strong La Niña. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sources of dissolved organic carbon during stormflow in a headwater agricultural catchment
Authors: Morel B. , Durand P. , Jaffrezic A. , Gruau G. , Molenat J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIncreasing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations have been reported during the last 15 years in streams from the United Kingdom, Northern Europe and North America. Identifying the sources of DOC and the controls of the delivery to the stream is important to understand the significance of these trends. This relies on the availability of observations of DOC dynamics during storm events, since much of the DOC export from soils to streams occurs during high flows. This study analyses DOC data for eight storm events during winter 2005–2006 in a small agricultural experimental catchment—the Kervidy‐Naizin experimental catchment—located in Western France. A four end‐member mixing approach was applied to the eight monitored storm events to identify DOC sources and quantify their respective contribution to DOC stream fluxes, using DOC, nitrate, sulphate and chloride as tracers. The results show that DOC concentrations in the stream at the outlet of this catchment increase markedly during storm events. The slope of the linear regression between DOC concentration and discharge was not constant for the eight events and depended on pre‐event hydrological conditions. Between 64 and 86% of the DOC that enter the stream during storms originated from the upper layers of the riparian wetland soils. The variation of the delivery of DOC seems to be controlled by hydrological processes only, the wetland soils acting as a non‐limiting store. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tectonic control of erosion and sedimentation in the Amazon Basin of Bolivia
Authors: Baby Patrice , Guyot Jean Loup , Hérail Gérard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe western Amazon drainage basin, which extends from southern Colombia to northern Bolivia, comprises the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes and its adjacent foreland basin system. In northern Bolivia, the orogenic wedge of the eastern Andes is very large, and its forward propagation controls the morphology of the Madeira drainage basin. We consider here the erosion and sedimentation mass balance in this part of the Amazon Basin, estimated on the basis of recent sediment yield data, within the current tectonic and geomorphic framework. The total suspended sediment (TSS) flux exported from the present orogenic wedge of northern Bolivia has been estimated at 500–600 million t year−1. More than 50% of the total sediment load crossing the Madeira foreland basin system is deposited. The rest of the sediments (less than 46%) reaches the eastern Amazon Basin, bypassing the Brazilian craton to the north. The average mass of sediment that has been deposited from the late Miocene to the present in the Madeira foreland basin sedimentation system is less than that intercepted today, by a factor of about 2·4. These results can be interpreted as an increase in Bolivian foreland basin flexural subsidence over time, associated with crust thickening and orogenic loading, and accentuated by the growing mass of retained sediments. They are consistent with the uplift rates of the Cordillera Oriental, obtained from fission‐track dating, which began increasing significantly around 10–15 Ma. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.