bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in a Semi-Urban Setting in Nigeria
Authors: Nwachukwu Ndubuisi Obiora , Ulasi Amara Esther , Ezeagwula Divine 
Published: May 2024

Background:

Chlamydia
trachomatis (CT) infection affects over 131 million people annually. It is one of the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections. This study aimed at the detection of CT infection among young adult females in the Okpoko community, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Patients and Methods:
Self-collected vaginal swabs from 288 females aged 18–37 years were tested for CT antigen using the Solid Chlamydia Rapid Test kit (USA).

Results:
CT antigen was detected in 19 (6.6%) samples. The age group of 23–27 years had the highest prevalence rate (10.7%), followed by 18–22 years (8.7%). The married participants were more infected (8.3%) than singles (3.1%) (P < 0.05). A higher percentage of participants (99.3%) were not aware that CT was sexually transmitted.

Conclusion:
Active CT infection was detected in the Okpoko community. Regular screening of young females as well as propagation of information on sexually transmitted infections should be encouraged to break the community transmission.
Training Medical Students in Cognitive, Intrapersonal, and Interpersonal Domain Competencies: Existing Challenges and Role of Medical Teachers
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Raharjo Mira Ayu Duan , Pratama Bayu Fajar , Nur Tasi’ah Nashirah , Maziyyah Nurul , Pratidina Kresna Lintang , Maliny Achcia Thema , Retnaningrum Yanuarti 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The medical students of the current generation are expected to perform a wide range of activities targeted toward the acquisition of a multitude of skills and the attainment of various learning competencies. The purpose of the current review is to explore the challenges in the cognitive, interpersonal, and intrapersonal domains, and to propose an educational plan to respond to the challenges defined in the cognitive domain. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines and a total of 39 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives. Keywords used in the search include critical thinking and medical education in the title alone only. The findings of a committee reported that a successful health-care professional will essentially require competence in three domains, namely cognitive, intrapersonal, and interpersonal domain. However, the careful analysis of the medical education delivery system across different parts of the world suggests that we are falling short in our efforts to adequately expose medical students’ to these competencies. In the global mission to improve the quality of health-care delivery, we have to take specific measures to ensure the attainment of the desired competencies, and the involvement of teachers will be crucial. In conclusion, considering the dynamism in the health sector, it is the responsibility of educators to enhance the attainment of cognitive competencies of the students. Further, students should be encouraged to reflect, and experiential learning should be regularly practiced to equip the students with intrapersonal skills. Finally, we also have to focus on the attainment of interpersonal competencies, as it prepares them to work as effective members of the team.
Treatment Response and Short-term Outcomes in Children Admitted as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children
Authors: Batt Mousin Mustafa , Saini Ghanshyam S. , Dar Mohammad Irfan 
Published: May 2024

Background:Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a postviral complication that has been described among children after 2–6 weeks of exposure to the COVID-19 virus from various parts of the world. Published literature regarding MIS-C in children is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the disease management and clinical outcomes of a larger group of children from North India presenting with features of MIS-C.Materials and Methods:This is an observational study of children with MIS-C, admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between March 1, 2021, and August 31, 2021, during the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infection in India.Results:Out of the 37 children presenting with MIS-C, 62% of patients were male and 37% were female patients. Vasoactive medications were required in 14 patients. Eighteen patients required respiratory support, of which 17 received noninvasive ventilation and only one patient required invasive mechanical ventilation. Methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) were used in the majority of patients. No patient required remdesivir. Thirty-six patients were discharged home with a median duration of 4 days in PICU and a hospital stay of 10 days, only 1 (2.7%) patient died during the treatment. Thirty-five (94.5%) patients received IVIG alone, and five patients (13.5%) received IVIG along with methylprednisolone. Patients who received a combination of steroids and IVIG had greater severity of illness, deranged laboratory parameters, highly raised inflammatory markers, requiring higher inotropes, respiratory support, PICU requirement, and length of stay in hospital.Conclusions:The decision to treat MIS-C patients with IVIG plus methylprednisolone or IVIG alone must be reviewed on an individual basis. IVIG in conjunction with methylprednisolone should be considered for patients with severe MIS-C and hypotension who have been admitted to the PICU.
Peer Victimization of Indian Students: Prevalence and Correlates
Authors: Prahbhjot Malhi , Sidhu Manjit , Bharti Bhavneet 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
To examine the overlap of traditional and cyber victimization and the relationship between victimization and self-esteem of college and university students.

Methodology:
The study utilized a cross-sectional online survey design to measure the self-reported experiences of peer victimization of higher education students. The multidimensional bullying and cyberbullying scale and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale were used to measure traditional and cyber victimization and self-esteem, respectively. The study was cleared by the Institutional Ethics Committee.

Results:
A total of 854 complete responses were included in the study (mean age = 21.6 years, standard deviation = 3.55) and a little more than three-fourths of the participants were females (76.7%). The overall prevalence of victimization of any type of bullying was 44.6%. Offline victimization was more common and overall, 40.9% reported being victimized offline, while 23.3% reported being victimized online in the last 3 months, respectively. There was considerable overlap between various types of victimization, and the correlations between cyberbullying, physical, verbal, and relational bullying were moderate (range 0.41–0.56). Most were bullied by known people and friends (28.1%). Only a small proportion considered reporting the bullying to the authorities (10.7%). No link between problematic technology use and cyber victimization was found. A one-way Analysis of variance revealed that victims of both types of bullying had the lowest self-esteem score (F = 9.04, P = 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Public health policymakers need to focus on positive youth development to foster resilience in the face of adversity and help young adults to thrive and flourish in a rapidly expanding and evolving digital world.
Stereomicroscopic Evaluation of Marginal Fit of Premachined and Castable Abutments at Implant Abutment Connection Interface – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Kumar Prince , Singh Swarndeep , Mishra Sunil Kumar 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The precision fit at the implant-abutment interface is a significant criterion for the success of implant restorations clinically. Various factors are involved in it, including fabrication techniques and utilized materials. The misfit at the implant-abutment interface is capable of causing screw loosening and fracture of the abutment screws.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the marginal fit of premachined and castable abutment at implant-abutment connection interface using stereomicroscope.

Materials and Methods:
Fifteen castable abutments (Group A) and 15 premachined titanium abutments (Group B) were used for the study and connected to titanium implants and evaluated under the stereomicroscope. Images of the sample were recorded at three equidistant points at the implant-abutment interface to measure the vertical microgap at the platform level. The data were subjected to statistical evaluation using the “t”- test.

Results:
Data were sent for the statistical analysis by the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version. The mean for Group A (customized abutments) at mesiobuccal point was 13.2199 with a standard error of 0.5281. For premachined abutments, it was 6.4629 and with a standard error of 0.3201. Similarly, the mean for Group A (customized abutments) at the distobuccal point was 12.0861 with a standard error of 0.3428. On comparative assessment, the mean microgap in between the groups showed significant difference (Tukey test).

Conclusion:
On implant-abutment interface at the platform level, the microgaps of premachined implant abutments were significantly lesser than the casted implant abutments. Furthermore, the microgap of both tested groups was found within the clinically acceptable ranges.
A Retrospective Study on the Occurrence and Prevalence of Ovarian Masses in the Patients of Rajkot District, Gujarat
Authors: Vyas Kirtan M , Patel Avni P , Vyas Ashita K , Gohel Hardik 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Objective:
Ovarian masses are one of the most common clinical conditions among women, which if not treated properly may be developed into malignant. However, not ovarian masses are progressing into malignant, and early diagnosis and treatment generally cure them without much destruction. The rate of occurrence highly depends on the demographic and obstetric profile of women. Since demographic profile varies it becomes essential to carry out detailed studies of a particular region to understand the prevalence of ovarian masses. Here, such a retroprospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ovarian masses in the Rajkot district.

Methodology:
A total of 44 cases with ovarian masses were taken into consideration for the determination of the effect of various parameters and their association with ovarian masses. The patients were analyzed for nonneoplastic, benign, and malignant tumors. Patients were analyzed based on demographic location, obstetric profile, and clinical presentations.

Results:
Based on the entire study, it was found that women in a middle age group are more prone to ovarian masses as compared to the older age group. Not only this but higher parity is also associated with increased chances of ovarian masses. Among nonneoplastic tumors occurrence of the serious cyst was highest. While in the case of benign tumors, mucinous cystadenoma and teratoma both were found predominant. However, no significant difference was observed in the patients with nonneoplastic and benign tumors. Among 44 cases, only one case with serous papillary adenocarcinoma was found.

Conclusion:
Based on the results of the study, it was found that women of Rajkot district in the age group 30–50 years are more prone to ovarian masses.
Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Study from Tertiary Care Center in Kashmir
Authors: Aiman Aiffa , Aisha Zoya , Akhtar Rukhsana , Jeelani Tazeen , Yaseen Syed Besina , Yasir Mir 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis (CNGM) is a rare subtype of granulomatous mastitis with a distinct histological pattern. The current literature suggests strong association with Corynebacterium species, evidence of corynebacterial infection can be difficult to prove. Clinically, CNGM may be virtually impossible to discern from invasive carcinoma.

Materials and Methods:
The current study is 1 year prospective study from August 2021 to July 2022. A total of seven cases of cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis were reported.

Results:
Six out of seven patients were in the fourth decade of life. All of the patients presented with breast swelling and nipple discharge, whereas two patients had multiple discharging sinuses over the breast.

Conclusion:
Gram-positive bacterial infections have a distinctive pattern of inflammation in breast abscesses that can easily be overlooked. Pathologists should actively search for Gram-positive bacilli in distinctive cystic spaces. The importance of this is that prolonged antibiotic therapy against corynebacteria is often needed even beyond the resolution of symptoms in CNGM.
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Sajan Cyril , Saggu Varunsingh , Mahant Maitri , Gohel Dilsar , Bhatt Foram , Jacob Elizabeth 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a relatively uncommon but important cause of stroke-like disease, accounting for fewer than 1% of all strokes. CVST is more common in females and infants. CVST patients are most common in the third decade, with a female-to-male ratio of 5:1.5. The incidence of CVST has been found to be high in developing countries, particularly in South-East Asia. Headache is the most prevalent clinical sign of CVST, occurring in 88% to 93% of patients, followed by a seizure in 37% to 71%, focal neurological deficit in 20% to 54%, and isolated increased intracranial pressure in 23%.[1] A 34-year-old male came to the tertiary care hospital with complaints of headache, vomiting, and vertigo for 1 day. Headache is insidious, progressive, nonradiating, holocephalic, severe in intensity and associated with vertigo and dizziness, and giddiness, he also complained about nausea and vomiting (10–12 episodes/day) containing food and water. The patient had no family history but has been chronic tobacco chewer for 10 years. Past medical history revealed that he was admitted to the hospital before for the same complaints and he also had right lower vein deep-vein thrombosis 6 months back. His magnetic imaging resonance reports and protein S and C deficiency reports revealed that he was suffering from CVST. He was prescribed with anticoagulants and other supportive treatments that include antiemetic, analgesics, and multivitamins, which cause faster and better recovery of patients.
An Overview Evaluation of Bacterial Infection and Bacterial Contamination at the Hospital Environment and Antibiogram for the Isolated Pathogens at Al Kufra Teaching Hospital, Libya
Authors: Bozakouk Ismaeel H. , Hussein Alabirsh N. , Kean Iain R. L. , Bumadian Mohammed M. , Toboli Abubaker S. 
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims:
Infectious diseases are the major public health problem worldwide. The medical services into the Southern Libyan sub-Saharan hospitals do not receive much attention in knowing the infection rates of pathogenic bacteria coming to the hospital, as well as there is not much information available about the hospital infection control application system. This study was performed to evaluate the infectious disease received to Al Kufra teaching hospital and determination the hospital risk factors involved in hospital-acquired infection.

Materials and Methods:
The screening was performed to investigate the distribution of potential pathogens among 157 samples collected from the four hospital wards including intensive care unit, the pediatric ward, male and female surgical ward from the hospitalizes patients, medical staff and hospital workers, and across different hospital facilities.

Results:
The bedsores swabs and urine samples showed 100% of infection, followed by sputum, stool, surgical wounds, and cerebrospinal fluid (85.8%, 67%, 62.5%, and 42.9%), respectively. Most of the hospital facilities showed 100% of contamination. The results showed Staphylococcus aureus colonized 40 (77%) of the total nasal swabs, other samples detected Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli 0157. The sensitivity of Gram-positive organisms to the antibiotics showed resistance to Penicillin G (90.1%) and Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (82.7%), Methicillin (65.5%) and Vancomycin (65.5%). For Gram-negative organisms, the isolates showed resistance to tetracycline and colistin (62.5%) for each.

Conclusion:
The bacterial outbreak in the clinical and environmental samples of Al Kufra Teaching Hospital was relatively high. To control bacterial infection and hospital contamination, several instructions need to be carried out to protect the hospital staff and patients from being infected.
Scleral Buckle versus Pars Plana Vitrectomy in the Management of Primary Chronic Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Bunajem Maryam , Ahmad Khabir , Al Zaidi Nazih , Al Bloushi Bedoor , Al Zahrani Yahya 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study is to compare the anatomical and visual outcomes of scleral buckle (SB) surgery with the pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the management of chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

METHODS:
This cohort study included patients who underwent surgical repair SB group and PPV group for chronic retinal detachment during 2014–2018 at the King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh. The anatomical and functional success rate at 12 months after surgery was compared in two groups. Cox regression and linear regression analysis were performed to identify the predictor of anatomical and functional outcomes, respectively. Need for second surgery was also evaluated.

RESULTS:
Our cohort had 68 eyes in SB and 64 eyes in PPV group. Eyes that underwent PPV were more likely to develop retinal detachment over 12 months than those that underwent SB surgery (adjusted heart rates 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95–4.64 P = 0.065). A multivariable linear regression analysis did not reveal a significant association between the surgery type and change in visual acuity (beta coefficient, 0.002; 95% CI,−0.184, 0.189 for specific bread volume; P = 0.979). A higher percentage of eyes in the PPV group compared with those in the SB surgery group required secondary surgery (39.1% vs. 22.1%; P = 0.034).

CONCLUSION:
Scleral buckling surgery showed a better single surgery anatomic success rate as compared to PPV in the management of chronic primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The functional outcome of the two procedures was comparable.
Madelung’s Disease in a Middle-Aged Nigerian Man: A Case Report
Authors: Ibrahim Halima Garba , Maiyegun Afisulahi Abiodun , Oloko Nasirudeen Lanre , Shirama Yakubu Bababa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Madelung’s disease is a rare metabolic disease of surgical importance seldom reported among Africans. This case reports the condition in a middle-aged Nigerian man with Type 1 variety of the condition. In addition, he was overweight and had diastolic hypertension (90 mmHg) with a 30-year history of local alcohol consumption of 30-60 units/day. Diagnosis of Madelung’s disease was made by fine-needle aspiration cytology, ultrasound scan, and x-ray of the fatty deposits on the body. The patient also had an aspartate transaminase-to-alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) ratio of 2.0, indicative of alcoholic fatty liver disease. Management was through counseling to stop alcohol and excision of the neck mass. The case introduces this rare condition, demonstrates the need for evaluation of patients with Madelung’s disease for metabolic complications, and highlights the role of interdisciplinary collaboration in the management of this disease.
Knowledge, Perception, and Risk Awareness about Breast Cancer among Nursing Staff in a General Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bhutta Muna , Almanan Sara Mohammed Atta , Marie Amal , Elmubarak Hind Elhindy Elamin , Andarawi Abeer Othman Hassan , Kashif Seemin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Context:
Early diagnosis of cancer improves chances of survival, and primary care nurses are more likely to encounter cancer signs and refer them to specialists.

Aim:
To assess knowledge of breast cancer (BC), its risk factors, and symptoms among female nurses in a Saudi hospital.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional study of female nurses of a general hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Methods and Material:
Female nurses with permanent jobs were included in the study. Under-training nurses were excluded from the study. Data was collected through a questionnaire containing 18 questions.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Frequencies and percentages of all the variables and regression analysis were done on IBM SPSS software.

Results:
A total of 80 female nurses participated in the study. The mean age of the study population was 28.1 ± 1.6. Their work experience was 4.8 ± 2 years. Those participants who could answer only <6 of the total 18 questions were graded to have “Poor” knowledge, those correctly answering 6–12 questions were graded to have “Moderate” knowledge, those answering 12–16 questions were graded to have “Good,” and those answering >16 questions correctly were graded to have “Very good” knowledge. About 19% of the participants had “Poor” knowledge, about 39% of participants had “Moderate” knowledge, 26% had “Good” knowledge, and 16% had “Very good” knowledge. Regression analysis could not show the effects of age or experience on knowledge.

Conclusions:
One-fifth of nurses had poor BC knowledge, highlighting the need for awareness interventions.
Galactorrhea and Galactocele Formation after Augmentation Mammoplasty and Augmentation Mastopexy
Authors: Ors Safvet 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
Some of the most common complications associated with augmentation mammoplasty (AUM) and augmentation mastopexy (AUMX) include infections, seroma, hematoma, capsular contracture, asymmetry, hypertrophic scars, implant rupture, and deformities. Galactocele and galactorrhea can rarely be observed after AUM and in reduction mammoplasties other than the AUMX, while galactorrhea is often observed after chest wall deformity correction surgery and thoracic surgery.

Patients and Methods:
In our clinic, galactorrhea was developed in five out of 540 patients who underwent AUM or AUMX, and one of these patients also had galactorrhea and galactocele in the accessory breast tissue. No patients were postmenopausal, and none of them had a history of pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, or ovarian surgery. Lactation started in average 10–15 days after surgery and lasted about 4–5 weeks. The patients were followed up for 1–10 years. In one patient who was found to be pregnant, galactorrhea ceased spontaneously 2 weeks after the termination of the pregnancy by curettage.

Results:
This clinical study presents the cases of five patients with galactorrhea and galactocele in the accessory breast tissue, with particular focus on treatment and possible risks, and discusses whether large nipples may cause a risk for galactorrhea. This study presents the second largest series of cases with galactorrhea in literature after the study reported by Caputy and Flowers.

Level of evidence:
Level V.