bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Increase in CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol Activity at Nanograin‐Boundary‐Rich Mixed Cu(I)/Cu(0) Sites via Enriching Co‐Adsorbed CO and Hydroxyl Species
Authors: Zhang Ting , Xu Shenglin , Chen De‐Li , Luo Ting , Zhou Jinlei , Kong Lichun , Feng JiuJu , Lu Ji‐Qing , Weng Xuexiang , Wang Ai‐Jun , Li Zhengquan , Su Yaqiong , Yang Fa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSelective producing ethanol from CO2 electroreduction is highly demanded, yet the competing ethylene generation route is commonly more thermodynamically preferred. Herein, we reported an efficient CO2‐to‐ethanol conversion (53.5 % faradaic efficiency at −0.75 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE)) over an oxide‐derived nanocubic catalyst featured with abundant “embossment‐like” structured grain‐boundaries. The catalyst also attains a 23.2 % energy efficiency to ethanol within a flow cell reactor. In situ spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis identified that these dualphase Cu(I) and Cu(0) sites stabilized by grain‐boundaries are very robust over the operating potential window, which maintains a high concentration of co‐adsorbed *CO and hydroxyl (*OH) species. Theoretical calculations revealed that the presence of *OHad not only promote the easier dimerization of *CO to form *OCCO (ΔG~0.20 eV) at low overpotentials but also preferentially favor the key *CHCOH intermediate hydrogenation to *CHCHOH (ethanol pathway) while suppressing its dehydration to *CCH (ethylene pathway), which is believed to determine the remarkable ethanol selectivity. Such imperative intermediates associated with the bifurcation pathway were directly distinguished by isotope labelling in situ infrared spectroscopy. Our work promotes the understanding of bifurcating mechanism of CO2ER‐to‐hydrocarbons more deeply, providing a feasible strategy for the design of efficient ethanol‐targeted catalysts.
Hypercanines: Not just for sabertooths
Authors: Werdelin Lars 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHypercanines are here defined as hypertrophied caniniform teeth, that is, canine teeth that are elongated to serve specific functions in different clades of mammals and their synapsid ancestors. This article presents an overview of the occurrence of hypercanines, their growth, and their function across a broad range of clades. Sabertooth felids and felid‐like taxa are found to be unique in having determinate growth (although some Dinocerata may also have this). The most common function of hypercanines among herbivores is found to be sexual display and male–male competition. Three clades of small ruminants have evolved hypercanines that can move within their sockets, although the evolutionary details behind this convergent adaptation have not been worked out.
RETRACTED: Aerial imagery reveals abnormal stingrays, Taeniura lymma (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae), in the central Red Sea
Authors: Ciocănaru Ioana Andreea , Nieuwenhuis Brian Owain , Ostrovski Raquel Lubambo , Cochran Jesse , Jones Burton H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile morphological abnormalities have been widely reported in batomorphs, ontogenetic deformities of the posterior pectoral fin are rare. In this paper, we present two individuals of the bluespotted ribbontail ray, Taeniura lymma (Forsskål, 1775), with symmetrically deformed posterior pectoral fins. Both individuals were observed through aerial imagery on a coastal sandflat in the central Red Sea (22.30° N, 39.09° E). The similarity of this symmetrical deformity in both individuals indicates it likely has a genetic base. However, lacking access to the specimens, the ultimate cause of the abnormality remains uncertain. The incomplete disk closure did not seem to affect survival, as both individuals had reached a disk width of 22 cm, well above the typical birth size of the species. Our observations constitute both the first report of a morphological abnormality in T. lymma and the first record of a batomorph with a symmetrically deformed posterior pectoral fin.
Hydraulic redistribution supplies a major water subsidy and improves water status of understory species in a longleaf pine ecosystem
Authors: Belovitch Michael W. , Brantley Steven T. , Aubrey Doug P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHydraulic redistribution (HR) is a common phenomenon in water‐limited ecosystems; however, it remains unclear how the volume of water transported via HR compares to other components of the hydrologic budget and how HR influences water availability for understory plant communities. In this study, we investigate the absolute and relative magnitude of HR on a forest water budget and identify potential impacts of this water subsidy to understory plant communities. We scaled tree‐level estimates of transpiration and HR of three common tree species naturally occurring in a longleaf pine woodland with plot‐level measurements of basal area to determine their magnitude at the stand scale. We trenched plots containing understory vegetation but devoid of mature trees and their connected roots to exclude HR subsidies to understory plant species. We analysed soil water isotopes and assessed leaf water potential (ΨL) in trenched and control plots to determine if HR results in mixing of water among soil strata and improves understory plant moisture status. Water inputs from HR were equivalent to >30% of total rainfall for the site during the observation period and ~40% of total tree water uptake, depending on species. A stable isotope mixing model confirmed that soil water within HR‐exposed plots was more similar to groundwater, whereas soil water within trenched plots was more similar to precipitation. Exclusion of HR via trenching decreased soil moisture and pre‐dawn ΨL for all understory species. These three lines of evidence suggest that HR from overstory trees redistributes a sizable portion of water from deeper to shallower soil profiles and that this water subsidy enhances understory plant water status.
Redox and Coordination Chemistry of Diguanidino‐Benzene Ligands with Crown Ether Functions as Secondary Coordination Spheres
Authors: Haaf Sebastian , Henel Carmen L. M. , Kreis Franka , Bruttel Melanie , Kaifer Elisabeth , Osterbrink Johanna , Hübner Olaf , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of new redox‐active tetraguanidine ligands with crown ether functions as secondary coordination spheres, namely a 2,3,12,13‐tetraguanidino‐dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 and two 2,3,16,17‐tetraguanidino‐dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 derivatives. Metal ion and organic cation coordination to the secondary crown ether coordination sphere is studied and its effect on the electronic structures and redox properties analysed. Then, the coordination and redox chemistry of di‐ and tetraguanidine ligands with crown‐ether functions is evaluated. Copper and cobalt complexes with the metals bound to the guanidino functions are prepared. Especially, the redox chemistry of CoII cobalt complexes with and without metal ion encapsulation to the crown ether function is compared. The results contribute to the development of a supramolecular chemistry with redox‐active guanidine ligands.
Recent Progress in the Photocatalytic Synthesis of α‐Tertiary Primary Amines
Authors: Zheng Xianzhou , Yuan Weiming 
Published: May 2024

Abstractα‐Tertiary primary amines (α‐TPAs) bearing a fully substituted carbon center adjacent to the N‐unsubstituted amino group (−NH2) exhibit unique biochemical and physicochemical activities. While due to the sterically congested structure and strong nucleophilic and alkaline natures of these primary amine compounds, their facile synthesis remains an inherent challenge. Traditional methods commonly rely on tedious N‐protection/deprotection operations and highly reactive organometallic reagents, thus leading to poor atom and step‐economy and limited functional group compatibility. Modern photoredox catalysis offers a robust tool to prepare such structurally unique and synthetically valuable amine architectures via a radical pathway under extremely mild conditions. In this review, the recent progress in photocatalytic synthesis of α‐TPAs is systematically reviewed, and the reaction scope, limitations, and mechanisms for the reactions are discussed.
A systematic literature review on past attack analysis on industrial control systems
Authors: Goel Swati 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIndustrial control systems are used to automate the monitoring and control of physical processes in large‐scale industries and critical infrastructure such as power plants, chemical treatment plants, manufacturing, and assembly line processes. Securing industrial control systems is important for the uninterrupted operation of these infrastructures, which are highly interconnected and becoming the prime target of attackers because disrupting these systems can have significant economic and safety implications and consequences such as power outages, environmental disasters, production shutdowns, or even physical harm. The past review works have discussed industrial control systems attacks, their impact, and exploited vulnerabilities separately and lack comprehension. In this work, an attempt has been made to understand the comprehensive picture of vulnerabilities, attacks, and their impact on industrial control systems. Past reviews published between 2014 and 2023 have been studied following a systematic literature review process, and a taxonomy and categorization of past attacks and defense mechanisms have been proposed and classified minutely for readers' interest. Vulnerabilities at the architecture, hardware, software, and communication network level have also been studied and presented. A deep understanding of past attacks, their impact, and identified potential causes is among the major contributions of this review. The results will enable researchers working in academics and industry to make effective decisions on safeguarding the industrial control systems against future attacks.
Investigating sudden death in cats and dogs: a guide for veterinary practitioners
Authors: Noiva Rute , Degl'Innocenti Sara 
Published: May 2024

Background: Whether it entails the loss of a beloved family member or a valuable work animal, the sudden, unexpected death of an animal can be a daunting and traumatic experience for both owners and veterinary practitioners. Veterinary practitioners are often the first point of contact for people grieving the loss of a companion animal, and may be called upon to provide support and reassurance, even though many have not received formal training in grief and bereavement management.Aim of the article: This article aims to provide tools to guide the approach to these situations, in the form of insight into common causes of sudden death and tips on how a practitioner should collect information, manage owner expectations and provide valuable context that can facilitate the pathologist's interpretation of findings.
Evaluation of alginate‐coated β‐tricalcium phosphate fiber scaffold for cell culture
Authors: Kawamura Satoshi , Furuya Kozue , Sasaki Nene , Takeoka Yuko , Aizawa Mamoru , Kanzawa Nobuyuki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEx vivo tissue engineering is an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of severe cartilage diseases that require tissue replenishment or replacement. This strategy demands scaffolds that are durable enough for long‐term cell culture to form artificial tissue. Additionally, such scaffolds must be biocompatible to prevent the transplanted matrix from taking a toll on the patient's body. From the viewpoint of structure and bio‐absorbability, a β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) fiber scaffold (βTFS) is expected to serve as a good scaffold for tissue engineering. However, the fragility and high solubility of β‐TCP fibers make this matrix unsuitable for long‐term cell culture. To solve this problem, we developed an alginate‐coated β‐TCP fiber scaffold (βTFS‐Alg). To assess cell proliferation and differentiation in the presence of βTFS‐Alg, we characterized ATDC5 cells, a chondrocyte‐like cell line, when grown in this matrix. We found that alginate coated the surface of βTFS fiber and suppressed the elution of Ca2+ from β‐TCP fibers. Due to the decreased solubility of βTFS‐Alg compared with β‐TCP, the former provided an improved scaffold for long‐term cell culture. Additionally, we observed superior cell proliferation and upregulation of chondrogenesis marker genes in ATDC5 cells cultured in βTFS‐Alg. These results suggest that βTFS‐Alg is suitable for application in tissue culture.
Enhancing data practices for Whole Health: Strategies for a transformative future
Authors: Guo Lei , Reddy Kavitha P. , Van Iseghem Theresa , Pierce Whitney N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe explored the challenges and solutions for managing data within the Whole Health System (WHS), which operates as a Learning Health System and a patient‐centered healthcare approach that combines conventional and complementary approaches. Addressing these challenges is critical for enhancing patient care and improving outcomes within WHS. The proposed solutions include prioritizing interoperability for seamless data exchange, incorporating patient‐centered comparative clinical effectiveness research and real‐world data to personalize treatment plans and validate integrative approaches, and leveraging advanced data analytics tools to incorporate patient‐reported outcomes, objective metrics, robust data platforms. Implementing these measures will enable WHS to fulfill its mission as a holistic and patient‐centered healthcare model, promoting greater collaboration among providers, boosting the well‐being of patients and providers, and improving patient outcomes.
KNTC1 knockdown inhibits the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells by MCM2
Authors: Zhong Lei , Dong Yuanwei , Liu Shuqin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary malignant bone tumor, and it is necessary to further investigate the molecular mechanism of OS progression. The expression of kinetochore associated protein 1 (KNTC1) and minichromosome maintenance 2 (MCM2) was detected by immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot. Gene knockdown or overexpression cell models were constructed and the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and migration were detected in vitro, besides, xenograft models were established to explore the effects of KNTC1 downregulation in vivo. Public databased and bioinformatics analysis were performed to screen the downstream molecules and determine the expression of MCM2 in cancers. KNTC1 was overexpressed in OS tissues and positively correlated with overall survival of OS patients. KNTC1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration, and arrested G2 phase, and induced apoptosis. Besides, KNTC1 downregulation restricted the xenograft tumor formation. MCM2, one of the coexpressed genes, was highly expressed in sarcoma and downregulated after KNTC1 knockdown. MCM2 overexpression heightened the proliferation and migration ability of OS cells, which was reversed the inhibiting effects of KNTC1 knockdown. KNTC1 was overexpressed in OS and promoted the progression of OS by upregulating MCM2.
JMJD2A promotes the development of castration‐resistant prostate cancer by activating androgen receptor enhancer and inhibiting the cGAS‐STING pathway
Authors: Cai Xiang , Yu Xiaodong , Tang Tielong , Xu Yi , Wu Tao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExploring targets for inhibiting androgen receptor (AR) activity is an effective strategy for suppressing the development of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Upregulation of histone demethylase JMJD2A activity is an important factor in increasing AR expression in CRPC. Based on our research, we found that the binding affinity between JMJD2A and AR increases in CRPC, while the level of AR histone methylation decreases and the H3K27ac level increases in the AR enhancer region. Further investigations revealed that overexpression of the histone demethylase JMJD2A increased the binding affinity between JMJD2A and AR, decreased AR histone methylation levels, upregulated H3K27ac in the AR enhancer region, and increased AR activity. Conversely, knocking down JMJD2A effectively reversed these effects. Additionally, in CRPC, JMJD2A expression was upregulated, the tumor‐intrinsic immune cGAS‐STING signaling pathway was suppressed, the tumor microenvironment was altered, and AR expression was upregulated. However, both knocking down JMJD2A and inhibiting the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS‐STING) signaling pathway reversed these effects. In summary, our study indicates that in CRPC, JMJD2A can directly bind to AR and activate residual AR enhancers through its demethylation activity, thereby promoting AR expression. Furthermore, upregulation of JMJD2A expression inhibits the innate immune cGAS‐STING signaling pathway of the tumor, leading to a decrease in antitumor immune function, and further promoting AR expression.
A secure and light‐weight patient survival prediction in Internet of Medical Things framework
Authors: Mittal Shubh , Chawla Tisha , Rahman Saifur , Pal Shantanu , Karmakar Chandan 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThoracic surgeries in major lung resections for primary lung cancer are fraught with potential risks, emphasising the need to understand factors contributing to postoperative mortality. This study investigates the interplay of objective and subjective data in predicting postoperative outcomes to reduce data transmission costs in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Objective metrics, such as forced vital capacity (FVC), offer consistent, quantifiable insights essential for predictive modelling. Conversely, subjective data derived from patient self‐reports suggest that the patient's personal experiences are crucial for assessing the quality of life postsurgery. Utilising a dataset from the University of California, Irvine's Machine Learning Repository (UCI), 17 distinct attributes were examined. Using ensemble learning classifiers, the extra trees classifier is superior when utilising all features, achieving an accuracy of 0.92. Combining select subjective features, specifically PRE6, PRE8 and AGE (demographic), with objective data, yielded a comparable accuracy of 0.91. Feature importance analysis further highlights the significance of features like PRE5, PRE4 and AGE. This suggests potential redundancies in the full feature set, emphasising the importance of feature selection. Importantly, when compared with existing literature, this study's findings offer insights into the future of predictive modelling in thoracic surgeries, with implications for the rapidly evolving field of the IoMT.
A warehouse location‐allocation bilevel problem that considers inventory policies
Authors: Camacho‐Vallejo José‐Fernando , Dávila Dámaris , Cárdenas‐Barrón Leopoldo Eduardo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA location‐allocation problem faced by a company that aims to locate warehouses to supply products to a set of customers is addressed in this paper. The company's objective is to minimize the total cost of locating the warehouses and the cost due to inventory policies. However, these inventory decisions are made by a different decision‐maker. In other words, once the company makes the location decisions, the decision‐maker associated with each warehouse must determine its own order quantity. Warehouses are allowed to have a certain maximum number of backorders, which represents an extra cost for them. This situation can be modeled as a bilevel programming problem, where the upper level is associated with the company that needs to minimize the costs related to location‐allocation and the total orders of each warehouse. Each warehouse is associated with an independent lower level, in which a warehouse manager aims to minimize the total inventory cost. The bilevel problem results in a single‐objective upper‐level problem with non‐linear, multiple independent lower‐level problems, making it generally challenging to find an optimal solution. A population‐based metaheuristic under the Brain Storm Optimization algorithm scheme is proposed. To solve each non‐linear problem associated with the lower level, the Lagrangian method is applied. Both decision levels are solved in a nested manner, leading to obtaining bilevel feasible solutions. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, an enumerative algorithm is implemented. A set of benchmark instances has been considered to conduct computational experiments. Results show that optimality is achieved by the proposed algorithm for small‐sized instances. In the case of larger‐sized instances, the proposed algorithm demonstrates the same efficiency and consistent results. Finally, interesting managerial insights deduced from the computational experimentation and some proposals for future research directions are included.
In‐situ preparation and performance of cellulose nanocrystals grafted with polyamide 6 composites
Authors: Tao Anmin , Shi Hao , Gong Mengqing , Liu Mengting , Kan Ze 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNylon nanocomposites were prepared by in‐situ ring‐opening polymerization to overcome the problem of poor properties due to the uneven dispersion of the nanoparticles by the traditional melt blending. This high‐performance polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposites with high dispersion and strong interface was prepared by grafting PA6 onto the surface of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). The micromorphology, mechanical, crystalline and thermal properties of the composites were also investigated. Firstly, the hydroxyl group on the surface of CNC reacted with the para isocyanate of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and the remaining ortho isocyanate was blocked by caprolactam to prepare CNC grafted with caprolactam (CNC‐g‐CL). Then CNC‐g‐CL was used as an activator to prepare cellulose nanocrystal grafted with polyamide 6 (CNC‐g‐PA6) composites by the ring‐opening polymerization of caprolactam on the CNC. The effects of different reaction temperatures, solvent amounts and molar ratios on the grafting rate of CNC‐g‐CL were investigated. The results showed that the highest grafting rate of CNC‐g‐CL with 66.7% was achieved at a reaction temperature of 45°C, 0.1 g/mL CNC in toluene, and a molar ratio of 6 for TDI/CNC. Further, different CNC‐g‐PA6 composites prepared from different CNC content and activator content were explored. For CNC‐g‐PA6 composites, CNC was uniformly dispersed in the PA6 matrix and had a good compatibility with the matrix. CNC exhibited significant reinforcement in the composites with a tensile strength of up to 108 MPa. In addition, the glass transition temperature of CNC‐g‐PA6 was increased to 92°C, which significantly improved the heat resistance of the new composites.Highlights
Effects of reaction condition of CNC and TDI on DSTDI and DSCL were studied.
Effects of CNC and activator content on CNC‐g‐PA6 properties were studied.
CNC is uniformly dispersed in PA6 with average particle size less than 1 micron.
The nylon matrix was significantly strengthened by the addition of CNC.
The addition of CNC significantly improved the heat resistance of the composites.