bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Alcohol Intoxication Impairs the Hematopoietic Precursor Cell Response to Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Authors: Raasch Caroline E. , Zhang Ping , Siggins Robert W. , LaMotte Lynn R. , Nelson Steve , Bagby Gregory J. 
Published: July 2010

Background:  Alcohol abuse is associated with an increased incidence and severity of pneumonia. In both the general population and individuals consuming excess alcohol, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent lung infection pathogen. Alcoholic patients with pneumonia frequently present with granulocytopenia, which is predictive of increased mortality. The mechanisms underlying this impaired granulopoietic response to pneumococcal pneumonia have yet to be elucidated.Methods:  Acute alcohol intoxication was induced in mice 30 minutes before intrapulmonary infection with S. pneumoniae. Bone marrow, lung, and blood samples were collected. Bone marrow cells were also isolated from naïve mice and treated in vitro with plasma from mice infected with S. pneumoniae.Results:  Alcohol intoxication impaired the pneumococcal‐induced increase in granulocyte recruitment into the alveolar space, decreased bacterial clearance from the lung, and increased mortality. Pneumococcal pneumonia significantly increased bone marrow lineage−c‐Kit+Sca‐1+ (LKS) cell number and colony‐forming unit—granulocytes and monocyte (CFU‐GM) activity of these cells. Both enhanced proliferation of LKS cells and re‐expression of Sca‐1 surface protein on downstream progenitor cells bearing lineage−c‐Kit+Sca‐1− surface markers accounted for the expansion of marrow LSK cells during pneumonia. Alcohol intoxication impaired these 2 mechanisms of LKS cell population expansion and was associated with a relative granulocytopenia during pneumococcal lung infection.Conclusions:  Alcohol inhibits the hematopoietic precursor cell response to pneumonia, which may serve as a mechanism underlying the granulocytopenia and impaired host defense in alcohol abusers with bacterial pneumonia.
Apoptotic effect of Polygonum Cuspidatum in oral cancer cells through the regulation of specificity protein 1
Authors: Shin J‐A , Shim J‐H , Jeon J‐G , Choi K‐H , Choi E‐S , Cho N‐P , Cho S‐D 
Published: July 2010

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 162–170OBJECTIVES:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth inhibitory and apoptosis‐inducing effects and mechanisms of Polygonum cuspidatum root in oral cancer cells.MATERIALS AND METHODS:  The testing materials were separated by normal‐phase silica gel liquid chromatography. The effect of P. cuspidatum root on apoptotsis and its mechanism were performed using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐20yl)‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulphophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium) (MTS) assay, western blot analysis, RT‐PCR, promoter assay, and (4′‐6‐Diamidino‐2‐phenylindole) (DAPI) staining .RESULTS:  The methanol extract of P. cuspidatum (MEPC) inhibited the proliferation of oral cancer cells by inducing caspase‐dependent apoptosis. Protein and mRNA expression levels and the transactivation of Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) were markedly decreased in KB cells treated with MEPC. Ethyl acetate fraction (EA) from MEPC was more potent than aqueous fraction (AQ) from MEPC to induce apoptosis. F2, F3, and F4 from EA differentially inhibited the growth of KB cells, and it depends on the amount of Emodin in F2, F3, and F4. Moreover, Emodin inhibited oral cancer cell growth and induced caspase‐dependent apoptosis by decreasing Sp1. MEPC also decreased an apoptosis‐related downstream target of Sp1 protein, survivin.CONCLUSION:  The results from this study strongly suggest that MEPC, its fraction, and Emodin may be potential bioactive materials to cause apoptosis mechanism via the down‐regulation of Sp1 in oral cancer cells.
Correlation between Skp2 expression and nodal metastasis in Stage I and II oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Tosco P , La Terra Maggiore G M , Forni P , Berrone S , Chiusa L , Garzino‐Demo P 
Published: July 2010

Oral Diseases (2010) 17, 102–108Purpose:  The aim of this study was to investigate the role of S‐phase kinase associated protein (Skp2) in the development of nodal metastasis and to assess its influence on prognosis in stage I and II oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs).Experimental Design:  Seventy‐one patients affected by OSCC (stage I‐II) were observed in the period ranging from March 2003 to December 2006. The research was performed using immunohistochemical and histopathological analysis.Results:  The overall survival rate was 89.6% at 3 years, 87% at 5 years and 80.7% at 10 years. Patients with vascular or perineural invasion showed no statistically significant survival difference when compared with the ones with no invasion. The tumour depth of invasion did not prove to be related to the metastatic potential.Nine of the seventeen patients with Skp2 positive nuclei (≥20%) developed nodal metastasis. Conversely, only 6 of the 54 patients with a nuclear positivity lower than 20% developed a laterocervical metastasis (P = 0.001). When comparing survival curves of Skp ≥ 20% and Skp2 < 20% OSCCs, no significant P value emerged from the statistical analysis.Conclusions:  This study is the first to report an important correlation between an Skp2 expression lower than 20% and the capability of the tumour not to develop nodal laterocervical metastases (P = 0.001).
Osteoclasts and odontoclasts: signaling pathways to development and disease
Authors: Wang Z , McCauley LK 
Published: July 2010

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 129–142Osteoclasts are cells essential for physiologic remodeling of bone and also play important physiologic and pathologic roles in the dentofacial complex. Osteoclasts and odontoclasts are necessary for tooth eruption yet result in dental compromise when associated with permanent tooth internal or external resorption. The determinants that separate their physiologic and pathologic roles are not well delineated. Clinical cases of primary eruption failure and root resorption are challenging to treat. Mineralized tissue resorbing cells undergo a fairly well characterized series of differentiation stages driven by transcriptional mediators. Signal transduction via cytokines and integrin‐mediated events comprise the detailed pathways operative in osteo/odontoclastic cells and may provide insights to their targeted regulation. A better understanding of the unique aspects of osteoclastogenesis and osteo/odontoclast function will facilitate effective development of new therapeutic approaches. This review presents the clinical challenges and delves into the cellular and biochemical aspects of the unique cells responsible for resorption of mineralized tissues of the craniofacial complex.
How do regional factors influence psoriasis patient care in Germany?
Authors: Radtke Marc Alexander , Augustin Jobst , Blome Christine , Reich Kristian , Rustenbach Stephan J. , Schäfer Ines , Laass Anna , Augustin Matthias 
Published: July 2010

Summary Background: Two national surveys conducted in 2005 and 2007 indicated deficits in psoriasis care in Germany, although there has been a notable nationwide improvement within this period. It remained unclear whether regional differences in psoriasis health care have an influence on patient outcomes in Germany. Aim: Assessment of regional differences in the health care situation of patient with psoriasis in Germany. Patients and Methods: Nation‐wide cross‐sectional study in 130 dermatological practices and clinics. Regional classification was based on the affiliation to the Associations of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians. A panel of experts developed eight criteria as indicators of quality of care, among them clinical characteristics and severity of psoriasis (PASI), previous treatments, quality of life and patient‐relevant therapeutic benefits. Results: Care indicators showed marked regional differences. The proportion of patients with preceding systemic or biologic treatment varied between regions. Those regions with high proportions had better results in patient‐reported outcomes. Conclusions: Differences in economic and regulatory conditions of health care might account for the observed regional variations. Thus, further analyses of these factors are of great importance to assure consistent psoriasis health care in Germany.
THE BOOK SHELF
Authors: Bailey Franklin C. 
Published: July 2010

Books reviewed in this articles:1. Berne, Eric, M.D. What Do You Say After You Say Hello?2. Brothers, Joyce, Ph.D. The Brothers System for Liberated Love and Marriage.3. Dominguez, J., M.D. Felicidad Sexual, Matrimonial y Prematrimonial.4. Gagnon, John H., and William Simon. Sexual Conduct.5. Goldstein, Joseph; Anna Freud, and Albert J. Soinit. Beyond the Best Interests of the Child.6. James, Muriel, and Dorothy Jongeward. Born to Win.7. Klein, Carole. The Single Parent Experience.8. Kuhn, Jerold R., Ph.D. Marriage Counseling: Fact or Fallacy?9. Le Shan, Eda. The Wonderful Crisis of Middle Age.10. Lieberman, E. James, M.D., and Ellen Peck. Sex and Birth Control.11. Maliver, Bruce L., Ph.D. The Encounter Game.12. Mann, John. Encounter.13. Tanner, Ira J. Loneliness: The Fear of Love.
THE BOOK SHELF
Authors: Bailey Franklin C. 
Published: July 2010

Books reviewed in this articles:1. Eller, Vernard–The Sex Manual for Puritans.2. Hallett, Kathryn–A Guide for Single Parents (or is it: People in Crisis–as it is called on the spine?)3. Jackson, Donald Dale. Judges.4. Singleton, Mary Ann. Life After Marriage: Divorce as a New Beginning.
POSTPONED PARENTHOOD: A CANADIAN STUDY
Authors: Schlesinger Benjamin 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThe latest Canadian data indicates that 20 percent of births in Canada are to women aged 30 years and over. Postponed parenthood has become an increasing viable option for Canadian couples. This paper reports on a study of 46 couples who delayed their childbearing. It is the first Canadian study of this area of family life.
CONFIDENTIALITY REVISITED:California Style
Authors: McIsaac Hugh 
Published: July 2010

Stewart and I have lived through the legal adversary system and we know what havoc it could have wrought on our family…. We were nuts. We were crazy. We were your average psychotic divorcing parents…. What you do not see is we get well. We bailed out of the adversary court system because we could see it was no help to us. We were the lucky ones…. There are thousands like us who could use your help before the war gets started.—Parent at the 1978 Midwinter Association of Family and Conciliation Courts Conference, Los Angeles.
Proteomic Analysis of Rice Leaves Shows the Different Regulations to Osmotic Stress and Stress Signals
Authors: Shu Lie‐Bo , Ding Wei , Wu Jin‐Hong , Feng Fang‐Jun , Luo Li‐Jun , Mei Han‐Wei 
Published: July 2010

Abstract Following the idea of partial root‐zone drying (PRD) in crop cultivation, the morphological and physiological responses to partial root osmotic stress (PROS) and whole root osmotic stress (WROS) were investigated in rice. WROS caused stress symptoms like leaf rolling and membrane leakage. PROS stimulated stress signals, but did not cause severe leaf damage. By proteomic analysis, a total of 58 proteins showed differential expression after one or both treatments, and functional classification of these proteins suggests that stress signals regulate photosynthesis, carbohydrate and energy metabolism. Two other proteins (anthranilate synthase and submergence‐induced nickel‐binding protein) were upregulated only in the PROS plants, indicating their important roles in stress resistance. Additionally, more enzymes were involved in stress defense, redox homeostasis, lignin and ethylene synthesis in WROS leaves, suggesting a more comprehensive regulatory mechanism induced by osmotic stress. This study provides new insights into the complex molecular networks within plant leaves involved in the adaptation to osmotic stress and stress signals.
Postmodern Corporate Finance
Authors: Milano Gregory V. 
Published: July 2010

One of the core tenets of modern finance theory is that corporations create value by producing operating rates of return on capital that are greater than the cost of capital. “Postmodern” corporate finance, while reaffirming the importance of earning an adequate return on capital, also attempts to restore at least part of the traditional corporate emphasis on top‐line growth that prevailed before the intense focus on returns by modern shareholder value advocates.One important reason for the heightened emphasis on growth in addition to returns is that most rate‐of‐return measures used by companies and investors are based on conservative accounting practices that make old assets look more profitable than new ones, thereby discouraging investments in growth. This article introduces a new return measure called “Gross Business Return” that, when evaluated against a Required Return framework that reflects the level of current stock prices, has a stronger correlation with how companies are valued by the stock market. Moreover, in reviewing historical returns over time for both the market and specific industries, the author's research suggests that the market appears to demand considerably lower current returns than those implied by traditional weighted average cost of capital (WACC) approaches. And to the extent corporate executives rely on WACC, they could be passing up valuable growth opportunities.To help evaluate tradeoffs between growth and return, the author introduces a cash‐based measure of corporate economic profit called Residual Cash Earnings. Unlike most traditional return and economic profit measures, Residual Cash Earnings, when expressed as a percentage of sales, provides a way for corporate managers to identify growth opportunities that, while producing current returns lower than WACC, are likely to add value over a multi‐year time horizon. These new measures and analytical tools are suitable for strategic planning, budgeting, resource allocation, performance measurement, and rewards. Consistent application of these principles across these management processes provides a framework for constantly rebalancing the emphasis on growth and return to adapt to changes in the economy, industry, and competitive landscape.
How an IPO Helps in M&A
Authors: Celikyurt Ugur , Sevilir Merih , Shivdasani Anil 
Published: July 2010

An initial public offering (IPO) can often provide a powerful stimulus to private companies seeking to pursue an acquisition‐driven growth strategy. Based on a comprehensive analysis of U.S. IPOs, the authors show that newly public companies are prolific acquirers. Over 30% of companies conducting an IPO make at least one acquisition in their IPO year, and the typical IPO firm makes about four acquisitions during its first five years as a public company.IPOs facilitate M&A not only by providing infusions of capital but also by creating ongoing access to equity and debt markets for cash‐financed deals. In addition, IPOs create an acquisition currency that can prove valuable in stock‐financed deals when the shares are attractively priced. The authors also argue that IPOs improve the ability of companies to conduct M&A by resolving some of the valuation uncertainty facing privately held companies.
Assessment of Photosensitizer Dosimetry and Tissue Damage Assay for Photodynamic Therapy in Advanced‐stage Tumors¶
Authors: Sheng Chao , Pogue Brian W. , Wang Elleen , Hutchins John E. , Hoopes P. Jack 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy is a complex function of tissue sensitivity, photosensitizer (PS) uptake, tissue oxygen concentration, delivered light dose and some other parameters. To better understand the mechanisms and optimization of PDT treatment, we assessed two techniques for quantifying tissue PS concentration and two methods for quantifying pathological tumor damage. The two methods used to determine tissue PS concentration kinetic were in vivo fluorescence probe and ex vivo chemical extraction. Both methods show that the highest tumor to normal tissue PS uptake ratio appears 4 h after PS administration. Two different histopathologic techniques were used to quantify tumor and normal tissue damage. A planimetry assessment of regional tumor necrosis demonstrated a linear relationship with increasing light dose. However, in large murine tumors this finding was complicated by the presence of significant spontaneous necrosis. A second method (densitometry) assessed cell death by nuclear size and density. With some exceptions the densitometry method generally supported the planimetry results. Although the densitometry method is potentially more accurate, it has greater potential subjectivity. Finally, our research suggests that the tools or methods we are studying for quantifying PS levels and tissue damage are necessary for the understanding of PDT effect and therapeutic ratio in experimental in vivo tumor research.
Evaluation of a High Exposure Solar UV Dosimeter for Underwater Use
Authors: Schouten Peter W. , Parisi Alfio V. , Turnbull David J. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTSolar ultraviolet radiation (UV) is known to have a significant effect upon the marine ecosystem. This has been documented by many previous studies using a variety of measurement methods in aquatic environments such as oceans, streams and lakes. Evidence gathered from these investigations has shown that UVB radiation (280–320 nm) can negatively affect numerous aquatic life forms, while UVA radiation (320–400 nm) can both damage and possibly even repair certain types of underwater life. Chemical dosimeters such as polysulphone have been tested to record underwater UV exposures and in turn quantify the relationship between water column depth and dissolved organic carbon levels to the distribution of biologically damaging UV underwater. However, these studies have only been able to intercept UV exposures over relatively short time intervals. This paper reports on the evaluation of a high exposure UV dosimeter for underwater use. The UV dosimeter was fabricated from poly 2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide (PPO) film. This paper presents the dose response, cosine response, exposure additivity and watermarking effect relating to the PPO dosimeter as measured in a controlled underwater environment and will also detail the overnight dark reaction and UVA and visible radiation response of the PPO dosimeter, which can be used for error correction to improve the reliability of the UV data measured by the PPO dosimeters. These results show that this dosimeter has the potential for long‐term underwater UV exposure measurements.
Tooth pigmentation caused by bilirubin: a case report and histological evaluation
Authors: Amaral Thais Helena Andreolli do , Guerra Carolina de Souza , Bombonato‐Prado Karina Fittipaldi , Garcia de Paula e Silva Francisco Wanderley , De Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTSystemic disorders in pediatric patients, such as congenital biliary atresia, acute liver failure, and biliary hypoplasia, may be the indications for a need of liver transplantation. One of the manifestations of these disorders is the elevated serum levels of bilirubin (hyperbiliru‐binemia), a product of hemoglobin degradation, which is deposited in different tissues, including mineralized and soft tissues. When hyperbilirubinemia occurs during the period of dental development, these teeth can develop a green coloration, which remains permanently, because, after maturation, these tissues loose their metabolic activity. This case report describes a 9‐year‐old girl who required a liver transplant due to biliary atresia when she was three years old. Some of her pigmented teeth needed extraction and afterwards were submitted for histological analysis and compared with sound teeth.
Isolated metastasis to the gallbladder from hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Murakami Masahiro , Kobayashi Shogo , Marubashi Shigeru , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Takeda Yutaka , Tanemura Masahiro , Wada Hiroshi , Umeshita Koji , Kennichi Wakasa , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki , Nagano Hiroaki 
Published: July 2010

Aim:  Metastasis to gallbladder (GB) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare, and it is difficult to determine indications for surgery. We report eight cases of synchronous isolated GB metastasis, and analyze their features retrospectively.Methods:  Among 439 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy from 1998 to 2008 at our institution, 393 (89.5%) underwent concurrent cholecystectomy.Results:  Among them, eight (1.8%) had GB metastasis without other distant metastases. None of these cases showed evidence of direct invasion. All cases had advanced portal vein thrombus (PVTT) and their main tumor located near the GB bed. Five cases had apparent tumor mass in the GB wall, and the other three cases had only tumor thrombus in the GB veins. Six cases were treated postoperatively with local infusion therapy with interferon, and three of them showed long‐term survival.Conclusion:  Our eight cases of GB metastasis from HCC were closely related to PVTT. Surgical resection and multimodal treatment would be necessary for long‐term survival in cases with isolated GB metastasis.
Fundamental domains for genus-zero and genus-one congruence subgroups
Authors: Cummins C. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we compute Ford fundamental domains for all genus-zero and genus-one congruence subgroups. This is a continuation of previous work, which found all such groups, including ones that are not subgroups of PSL(2,ℤ). To compute these fundamental domains, an algorithm is given that takes the following as its input: a positive square-free integer f, which determines a maximal discrete subgroup Γ0(f)+ of SL(2,ℝ); a decision procedure to determine whether a given element of Γ0(f)+ is in a subgroup G; and the index of G in Γ0(f)+. The output consists of: a fundamental domain for G, a finite set of bounding isometric circles; the cycles of the vertices of this fundamental domain; and a set of generators of G. The algorithm avoids the use of floating-point approximations. It applies, in principle, to any group commensurable with the modular group. Included as appendices are: MAGMA source code implementing the algorithm; data files, computed in a previous paper, which are used as input to compute the fundamental domains; the data computed by the algorithm for each of the congruence subgroups of genus zero and genus one; and an example, which computes the fundamental domain of a non-congruence subgroup.
Late Quaternary paleoenvironments and growth of intrusive ice in eastern Beringia (Eagle River valley, northern Yukon, Canada)
Authors: Lauriol Bernard , Lacelle Denis , St-Jean Mélanie , Clark Ian D. , Zazula Grant D. 
Published: July 2010

In this study, the sediments exposed in a fluvial terrace and in the headwall of a thaw slump in the Eagle River valley, northern Yukon, provide new data about the timing of flooding of glacial Lake Old Crow, the formation of massive ground ice bodies, and the vegetation and the fauna in eastern Beringia during the late Quaternary. The stratigraphy and radiocarbon ages establish the following chronology of events: (1) a gravel fluvial terrace was deposited by an overflow from glacial Lake Hughes into glacial Lake Old Crow; (2) a carbonate silty clay was deposited during the maximum level of glacial Lake Old Crow at 15 12014C year BP; (3) permafrost and large intrusive ice bodies aggraded through the glaciolacustrine and underlying sediments following the drainage of glacial Lake Old Crow from the site; (4) at 11 29014C year BP, a shrub–sedge tundra colonized an uneven surface deformed by the bodies of ground ice; (5) a thaw lake drained at 673014C year BP after flooding the site; (6) during the early Holocene and from the previous major event onwards, material from the slope nearby the site buried the previous organic and inorganic sediment and the ice bodies; and (7) a bison (Bison) vertebra with conspicuous cut marks was dated to 12 210 ± 7014C year BP. The age from the bison bone is amongst the most recent of the late Pleistocene bison specimens yet found in eastern Beringia.