bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One minute of stair climbing and descending reduces postprandial insulin and glucose with three-minutes improving insulin resistance following a mixed meal in young adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Moore Jeff , Kressler Jochen 
Published: May 2024

Glycemic markers, including postprandial glucose, insulin, and insulin sensitivity, are strong predictors of morbidity and mortality in individuals with and without diabetes. Stair-climbing and -descending (SCD) at a comfortable pace for as little as 1 to 3 minutes after a sugary beverage (300 kilocalories; 100% carbohydrate) improves glucose and insulin, with insulin sensitivity improving with as little as 10 minutes. Objective: To determine if benefits to glucose, insulin, and insulin sensitivity are seen with SCD following consumption of a meal with mixed macronutrients. Hypothesis: SCD will improve to glucose, insulin, and insulin sensitivity in a dose response manner following a mixed meal. Methods: In a randomized, controlled, crossover trial, young adults (N=31) in apparent good health performed SCD for 0, 1, 3, and 10 minutes after a mixed meal (650 kilocalories; 53% carbohydrates, 33% fat, and 14% protein). Differences in glucose, insulin, and insulin sensitivity (ISI) from baseline to 30 minutes were analyzed using a mixed-effects ANOVA. Results: A significant fixed-effect was found for change in glucose [F(2.551,67.17)=4.724, p=.0071)], insulin [F(2.692,74.49)=11.28, p<.0001)], and ISI [F(2.127,56.00)=5.848, p=.0042)]. Compared to control, changes in glucose (mean (95%CI)) were significantly lower after 1 min (-14 (-7 to -21) mg/dL, p=.0006), 3 min (-18 (-9 to -28) mg/dL, p=.0007), and 10 min (-10.0 (-1 to -20) mg/dL, p=.0387); changes in insulin were significantly lower after 1 min (-1.8 (-0.8 to -2.8) μIU/mL, p=.0011), 3 min (-2.8 (-1.7 to -4.0) μIU/mL, p<.0001), and 10 min (-1.1 (-0.1 to -2.0) μIU/mL, p=.0329); and changes in ISI were significantly higher after 3 min (2.4 (1.2 to 3.6), p=.0003) and 10 min (1.3 (0.3 to 2.4), p=.0143) but not 1 min (1.2 (0.0 to 2.5), p=.0587). Conclusion: Postprandial glucose and insulin were improved with as little as 1 minute, and insulin resistance improved with as little as 3 minutes, of SCD at a self-selected, comfortable pace, after consumption of a mixed meal in apparently healthy young adults. None. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Autosomal dominant Weill-Marchesani-like syndrome in a Chinese family due to novel haplotypic mutations in LTBP2
Authors: Chen Juan , Wan Jifeng , Jin Jiayi , Jin Guangming , Zheng Yongxin , Zheng Danying , Zhong Liuxueying 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder with substantial heterogeneity in clinical features and genetic etiology, so it is essential to define the full mutation spectrum for earlier diagnosis. In this study, we report Weill-Marchesani-like syndrome (WMS-like) change to autosomal dominance inheritance caused by novel haplotypic mutations in latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 2 (LTBP2).
Methods: Twenty-five members from a 4-generation Chinese family were recruited from Guangzhou, of whom nine were diagnosed with WMS-like disease, nine were healthy, and seven were of “uncertain” clinical status because of their young age. All members received detailed physical and ocular examinations. Whole exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing, and real-time PCR were used to identify and verify the causative mutations in family members.
Results: Genetic sequencing revealed novel haplotypic mutations on the same LTBP2 chromosome associated with WMS-like, c. 2657C>A/p.T886K in exon 16 and deletion of exons 25-36. Real-time PCR and Sanger sequencing verified both mutations in patients with clinically diagnosed WMS-like, and in one “uncertain” child. In these patients, the haplotypic mutations led to ectopia lentis, short stature and obesity.
Conclusion: Our study revealed that WMS-like may be associated with haplotypic LTBP2 mutations with autosomal dominant inheritance.
Large Language Models and the Wisdom of Small Crowds
Authors: Trott Sean 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have raised the question of replacing human subjects with LLM-generated data. While some believe that LLMs capture the “wisdom of the crowd”—due to their vast training data—empirical evidence for this hypothesis remains scarce. We present a novel methodological framework to test this: the “number needed to beat” (NNB), which measures how many humans are needed for a sample’s quality to rival the quality achieved by GPT-4, a state-of-the-art LLM. In a series of pre-registered experiments, we collect novel human data and demonstrate the utility of this method for four psycholinguistic datasets for English. We find that NNB &gt; 1 for each dataset, but also that NNB varies across tasks (and in some cases is quite small, e.g., 2). We also introduce two “centaur” methods for combining LLM and human data, which outperform both stand-alone LLMs and human samples. Finally, we analyze the trade-offs in data cost and quality for each approach. While clear limitations remain, we suggest that this framework could guide decision-making about whether and how to integrate LLM-generated data into the research pipeline.
Preparation and mechanism of fly ash based composite fillers with different morphologies and its application in filling polyamide 6
Authors: Li Haiting , Wang Caili , Wang Bin , Yao Guoxin , Zhao Chunxue , Shu Chang , Yang Runquan 
Published: May 2024

In order to realize the high value-added utilization of coal-based solid waste fly ash (FA) and enhance the performance of polyamide 6 (PA6), three kinds of core-shell structure FA-based composite fillers with different shell morphologies (nano-flake, spherical and rod-like particles) were prepared using FA as raw material, MgSO4, MgCl2, Mg(NO3)2 and NaOH as coating agents, which were noted as composite powder 1 (CP1), composite powder 2 (CP2) and composite powder 3 (CP3). The specific surface areas were enhanced to 97.41, 58.59 and 20.21 m2 g−1 from 1.71 m2 g−1 (FA), while the corresponding pore volumes were increased from 0 to 0.31, 0.22 and 0.06 cm3 g−1. Si-O-C-O-Mg and Si-O-Mg-OH bonds were formed between Si-O-Si, Si-O bonds on the surface of FA and hydrated MgCO3 (MCH), Mg(OH)2 (MH). Three types of CPs were filled into PA6, respectively. After filling, CP2 caused silver grain effect when the material was damaged, which had better toughening effect on the matrix. Compared with pure PA6, the limiting oxygen index of pure MH, FA, CP1, CP2, and CP3 increased by 0.60, 0.70, 1.30, 2.30 and 4.10%, respectively. The thermal deformation temperature was increased by 29.10, 46.20, 53.70, 31.90 and 42.00°C respectively. The melting index decreased by 1.05, 0.70, 0.49, 0.17 and 0.47 g/min, respectively.
Future of Pharmaceutical Industry: Role of Artificial Intelligence, Automation and Robotics
Authors: T. Manoj Kumar , B. Preethi , Nunavath Raja Shekhar , Nagappan Krishnaveni 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThe future of smart factories and pharmaceutical industries has evolved significantly since the 19th century. Computers have been used in the pharmaceutical field since the 1980s with the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI). In addition, automation and robotics are used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the efficiency of pharmaceutical development and production.PurposeThe present review article covers the future roles of AI, automation and robotics in pharmaceutical industries.MethodologyThe current review article employed a comprehensive search strategy across relevant databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, utilizing keywords such as AI, Automation, Robotics and Pharmaceutical Industries. The articles considered a focus on recent advancements and emerging trends in the intersection of AI, automation and robotics within pharmaceutical sectors.ResultsAI, incorporating predictive machine learning and reasoning techniques, aids in the preclinical identification of molecules and forecasting potential lead compounds before conducting clinical trials. automation offers significant benefits in monitoring and predictive maintenance of production lines, power distribution and control machines. Robotic process automation improves efficiency by connecting computer terminals to handle various manufacturing process elements.ConclusionArtificial intelligence, automation and Robotics have sparked innovations in the healthcare business, benefiting the global ecosystem and healthcare delivery. Incorporating these advanced tools in pharmaceutical industries from raw material selection to final product development could improve the quality and safety of the pharmaceutical products and reduce the time and cost.
Assessment of the effect of gabapentin on blood pressure in cats with and without chronic kidney disease
Authors: Quimby Jessica M , Jones Sarah E , Saffire Ashlie , Brusach Katelyn K , Kurdziel Kim , George Zach , Paschall Rene E , Aarnes Turi K 
Published: May 2024

Objectives The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of gabapentin on blood pressure (BP) in cats with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study was performed. A total of 29 cats were included: 13 cats with stable CKD (IRIS stage 2–4) and 16 apparently healthy cats (serum creatinine <1.6 mg/dl and urine specific gravity >1.035). The cats were evaluated twice, approximately 1 week apart, and BP (Doppler sphygmomanometry) was obtained 3 h after cats received either a single dose of gabapentin 10mg/kg PO or placebo. For each cat, BP readings were obtained at each visit using the same Doppler and sphygmomanometer unit, and the same cat holder and Doppler operator, in the same location. Results After administration of a single dose of gabapentin (10 mg/kg PO), BP was significantly lower (median 122 mmHg, range 82–170) than after administration of the placebo (median 150 mmHg, range 102–191; P = 0.001). In the CKD subgroup, BP was significantly lower after administration of gabapentin (median 129 mmHg, range 96–170) than after administration of the placebo (median 155 mmHg, range 102–191; P = 0.008). In the healthy cat subgroup, BP was significantly lower after administration of gabapentin (median 121 mmHg, range 82–139) than after administration of the placebo (median 137 mmHg, range 102–177; P = 0.002). The median change in BP was −12 mmHg (range −95 to 10) for healthy cats and −12 mmHg (range −43 to 21) for cats with CKD (no significant difference between subgroups). Conclusions and relevance Gabapentin may decrease arterial BP in cats with and without CKD and these findings should be taken into account when gabapentin is administered to patients in which measurement of BP is needed.
Early surgery within 48 hours of admission for hip fracture did not improve 1-year mortality in Japan: a single-institution cohort study
Authors: Iida Hiroki , Takegami Yasuhiko , Sakai Yoshihito , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Osawa Yusuke , Imagama Shiro 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Early surgery for hip fracture, within 48 hours of hospital admission, is effective in reducing mortality. However, the average preoperative waiting time for hip fractures in Japan is 4.5 days and the 1-year mortality rate after a hip fracture is 10% in Japan. This study aimed to investigate whether early surgery, within 48 hours, could reduce the 1-year mortality rate in patients with hip fractures in Japan. Methods This cohort study involved 402 consecutive patients with hip fractures who underwent surgical treatment between January 2013 and September 2019. The exclusion criteria were an age of <60 years and in-hospital injury. A total of 389 patients were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent early surgery within 48 hours of admission (early group) and those who di not undergo early surgery (delayed group). We compared patient characteristics and treatment outcomes between the 2 groups. Results: A comparison of patient characteristics revealed that the early group had lower hemoglobin levels (P=0.046), lower C-reactive protein levels ( P = 0.031), lower numbers of patients with weekend hospitalization, lower numbers of patients with a history of using medications that may cause bleeding ( P < 0.01), and who received general anaesthesia ( P < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences with regard to the other variables between the 2 groups. A treatment outcome analysis showed that the early group had shorter waiting times for surgery ( P < 0.01) and shorter stays in acute-care wards ( P < 0.01). However there were no differences in the total hospital stay, Barthel index at discharge, home discharge rates, in-hospital mortality rates, and 1-year mortality. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that early surgery did not reduce the 1-year mortality rate in older patients with hip fractures in Japan.
Aberrant cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity in patients with vestibular migraine: a resting-state ASL and fMRI study
Authors: Chen Zhengwei , Liu Yueji , Lin Cunxin , Li Zhining , Shan Junjun , Duan Zuowei , Rong Liangqun , Wei Xiue , Xiao Lijie , Liu Haiyan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Prior neuroimaging studies on vestibular migraine (VM) have extensively certified the functional and structural alterations in multiple brain regions and networks. However, few studies have assessed the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in VM patients using arterial spin labeling (ASL). The present study aimed to investigate CBF and functional connectivity (FC) alterations in VM patients during interictal periods.

Methods
We evaluated 52 VM patients and 46 healthy controls (HC) who received resting-state pseudo-continuous ASL and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Comparisons of voxel-based CBF and seed-based FC were performed between the two groups. Brain regions showed significant group differences in CBF analyses were chosen as seeds in FC analyses. Additionally, the associations between abnormal imaging results and clinical features were explored.

Results
Compared with HC, VM patients showed higher normalized CBF in the right precentral gyrus (PreCG), left postcentral gyrus (PostCG), left superior frontal gyrus and bilateral insular (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). Furthermore, VM patients exhibited increased FC between the right PreCG and areas of the left PostCG, left cuneus and right lingual gyrus (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). In addition, we observed decreased FC between the left insular and regions of the left thalamus and right anterior cingulate cortex, as well as increased FC between the left insular and right fusiform gyrus in VM patients (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). Moreover, these variations in brain perfusion and FC were significantly correlated with multiple clinical features including frequency of migraine symptoms, frequency of vestibular symptoms and disease duration of VM (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Patients with VM during interictal period showed hyperperfusion and abnormal resting-state FC in brain regions potentially contributed to disrupted multi-sensory and autonomic processing, as well as impaired ocular motor control, pain modulation and emotional regulation. Our study provided novel insights into the complex neuropathology of VM from a CBF perspective.
Unlocking genetic insights: Evaluating wheat RILs for physiobiochemical traits under terminal heat stress conditions
Authors: Redhu Mandeep , Singh Vikram , Kumari Anita , Munjal Renu , Yashveer Shikha , Nimbal Somveer , Niwas Ram , Verma Swati , Sharma Kritika , Loyal Atul , Chawla Rukoo , Pati Rutuparna , Singh Chetan , Rahimi Mehdi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The increasing impacts of heat stress on wheat production due to climate change has entailed the development of heat-resilient crop varieties. To address this, two hundred recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between WH711/WH1021 were evaluated in a randomized block design (RBD) with two replications at CCSHAU, Hisar, during 2018-19 under heat stress and non-stress conditions. Heat stress was induced by altering the date of sowing so that the grain filling stage coincide with heat stress.

Results
Heat stress adversely affects RILs performance, as illustrated by alterations in phenotypic traits. Highest coefficients of variations were recorded for TAA, CTD 1, WUE, CTD 2, Cc and A under non-stress and heat stress conditions whereas gs, WUEi and GY under non-stress and SPAD 1, SPAD 2, GY and NDVI 2 under heat-stress conditions recorded moderate estimates of coefficient of variations. CTD 2, TAA, E, WUE and A displayed a significant occurrence of both high heritability and substantial genetic advance under non-stress. Similarly, CTD 2, NDVI 2, A, WUEi, SPAD 2, gs, E, Ci, MDA and WUE exhibited high heritability with high genetic advance under heat-stress conditions.

Conclusions
Complementary and duplicate types of interactions with number of controlling genes were observed for different parameters depending on the traits and environments. RILs 41, 42, 59, 74, 75, 180 and 194 were categorized as heat tolerant RILs. Selection preferably for NDVI 1, RWC, TAA, A, E and WUEi to accumulate heat tolerance favorable alleles in the selected RILs is suggested for development of heat resilient genotypes for sustainable crop improvement. The results showed that traits such as such as NDVI, RWC, TAA, A, E, and WUEi, can be effective for developing heat-resilient wheat genotypes and ensuring sustainable crop improvement.
Genome-wide association study for seedling heat tolerance under two temperature conditions in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Fu Chao , Zhou Ying , Liu Ankui , Chen Rui , Yin Li , Li Cong , Mao Hailiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
As the greenhouse effect intensifies, global temperatures are steadily increasing, posing a challenge to bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. It is imperative to comprehend the mechanism of high temperature tolerance in wheat and implement breeding programs to identify and develop heat-tolerant wheat germplasm and cultivars.

Results
To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to heat stress tolerance (HST) at seedling stage in wheat, a panel of 253 wheat accessions which were re-sequenced used to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using the factored spectrally transformed linear mixed models (FaST-LMM). For most accessions, the growth of seedlings was found to be inhibited under heat stress. Analysis of the phenotypic data revealed that under heat stress conditions, the main root length, total root length, and shoot length of seedlings decreased by 47.46%, 49.29%, and 15.19%, respectively, compared to those in normal conditions. However, 17 varieties were identified as heat stress tolerant germplasm. Through GWAS analysis, a total of 115 QTLs were detected under both heat stress and normal conditions. Furthermore, 15 stable QTL-clusters associated with heat response were identified. By combining gene expression, haplotype analysis, and gene annotation information within the physical intervals of the 15 QTL-clusters, two novel candidate genes, TraesCS4B03G0152700/TaWRKY74-B and TraesCS4B03G0501400/TaSnRK3.15-B, were responsive to temperature and identified as potential regulators of HST in wheat at the seedling stage.

Conclusions
This study conducted a detailed genetic analysis and successfully identified two genes potentially associated with HST in wheat at the seedling stage, laying a foundation to further dissect the regulatory mechanism underlying HST in wheat under high temperature conditions. Our finding could serve as genomic landmarks for wheat breeding aimed at improving adaptation to heat stress in the face of climate change.
Circulating trimethylamine N-oxide is correlated with high coronary artery atherosclerotic burden in individuals with newly diagnosed coronary heart disease
Authors: Bao Minghui , Li Haotong , Li Jianping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a metabolite derived from the gut microbiota and has been reported to be correlated with cardiovascular diseases. Although TMAO is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease in subjects with coronary heart disease (CHD) history. However, the correlation between TMAO and the atherosclerotic burden in newly diagnosed cases of CHD is unknown.

Methods
In this hospital-based study, we enrolled 429 individuals newly diagnosed with CHD undergoing coronary angiography. Plasma TMAO was assessed before coronary angiography. SYNTAX score was computed during coronary angiography to estimate the coronary artery atherosclerotic burden. Both linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the correlation between plasma TMAO levels and SYNTAX score in newly diagnosed CHD population.

Results
The TMAO in patients with SYNTAX ≥ 33 and subjects with SYNTAX < 23 were 6.10 (interquartile range [IQR]: 3.53 to 9.15) µmol/L and 4.90 [IQR: 3.25 to 7.68] µmol/L, respectively. Linear regression adjusting for traditional risk factors showed TMAO level was positively correlated with SYNTAX score (β = 0.179; p = 0.006) in CHD population. When TMAO was added to models with traditional risk factors, the predictive value improved significantly, with the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) increased from 0.7312 to 0.7502 (p = 0.003). Stratified analysis showed that the correlations did not hold true for subjects who were non-smoker or with histories of diabetes. None of the stratifying factors significantly altered the correlation (all p for interaction < 0.05).

Conclusions
We found a positive linear correlation between plasma TMAO and SYNTAX score among newly diagnosed CHD individuals in Chinese population.