bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructed Mid-Face Lifting After Tissue Expansion by Suspending the Expander Capsule
Authors: Yang Jifan , Gan Cheng , Han Bing , Song Jipeng , Zhang Tiran , Yan Yucheng , Fan Jincai 
Published: May 2024

Background:
An obvious saggy tendency was observed in the expanded flaps from mid-facial reconstruction and resulted in an unsatisfactory postoperative cosmetic outcome. At the time of this writing, the authors introduced a novel technique of mid-face lifting to correct the phenomenon by suspending the expander capsule.

Methods:
From September 2018 to August 2023, 11 patients who had undergone our mid-face lifting technique were enrolled in our study. The expanded flap was divided into 2 layers during the surgical procedure. The upper layer, which consists of the skin and the subcutaneous layer, was lifted, and the lower layer, consisting of the expander capsule and SMAS system, was left at the base. Then a capsular flap was lifted from the base and folded upward to lift the reconstructed mid-face. The capsular flap was fixed in the temporal or mastoid region when the saggy tendency was corrected, and the mid-facial contour became symmetric. Finally, the upper layer was trimmed and fixed at the base. Facial movements were restricted after the surgery.

Results:
The saggy tendency of all the expanded flaps was corrected, and the mid-facial symmetry was rebuilt immediately after the surgery. The effect were long-lasting at 3 months to 2 years of follow-ups. No serious postoperative complications occurred. The patients or their legal guardians were satisfied with the esthetic improvement.

Conclusion:
Reconstructed mid-face lifting with capsular flap was an effective and reliable way to correct the saggy tendency of a mid-facial expanded flap and rebuilt the mid-facial symmetry.
Current Management of T1 Colon Cancer in Denmark
Authors: Ebbehøj Anders L. , Jørgensen Lars N. , Smith Henry G. , Krarup Peter-Martin 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To describe the management of T1 colon cancer in a retrospective study of a national cancer registry.

Background:
There is increasing interest in the potential of local excision (LE) as an organ-preserving treatment for early colon cancer. However, accurate identification of patients who may have lymph node metastases (LNM) and require further surgery is a major challenge.

Methods:
Patients diagnosed with T1 colon cancer in Denmark from 2016 to 2020 were included and divided according to treatment: polypectomy (referred to as LE), upfront colectomy and completion colectomy. Primary outcome was the proportion of patients diagnosed by LE. Secondary outcomes included the rate of LNM, the association of histopathological risk factors with LNM, and overall survival.

Results:
1,749 patients were included, and 1,022 patients (58.4%) underwent initial LE. The rate of R1 margins after initial LE was 31.0%. Colectomy was performed in 1,160 patients (upfront in 727, completion in 433), of whom 58.3% had pT1 cancer. The rate of LNM was 11.5%. Rates of LNM were similar in patients undergoing upfront or completion colectomy (10.2% vs 12.4%, P=0.392), and in patients with any single histopathological risk factor compared to those with none (8.9% vs 10.6%, P=0.565). Although overall survival was significantly shorter in patients undergoing LE alone, no association between survival and treatment strategy was found on multivariable analysis.

Conclusions:
LE is the most common mode of diagnosis in patients with T1 colon cancer and does not negatively impact survival and postoperative outcomes. Current strategies to stratify patients to completion surgery appear insufficient, and more robust predictors are needed.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Use in Young Patients Before and After Low-Risk Indication Approval
Authors: Waldron Christina , Pirelli Luigi , George Isaac , Takayama Hiroo , Geirsson Arnar , Assi Roland , Mori Makoto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) use in young patients has recently increased following FDA approval for use in low-risk patients. How TAVR use among young patients may have accelerated in the interval between the FDA approval and the guideline publication remain unknown. We sought to characterize the national trends in aortic valve replacement (AVR) among young patients before and after the low-risk indication approval. Using the National Inpatient Sample data, we conducted a cross-sectional study of patients younger than 65 years of age who underwent TAVR, SAVR, or Ross operations between January 1, 2016, and February 29, 2020. We compared in-hospital mortality before and after the low-risk indication approval to infer whether the expansion occurred among lower-risk strata within the TAVR group in relation to SAVR. We identified 106,340 AVRs, including 13,095 TAVR (12.3%), 63,620 bioprosthetic SAVR (59.8%), 28,370 mechanical SAVR (26.7%), and 1,255 Ross (1.2%). The mean age was 54 (10.9), including 32,775 (30.8%) women. Before and after the low-risk approval, the TAVR share increased at 0.25 (0.03%) and 0.60 (0.09%) per month, respectively (interaction term p-value <0.001). Expansion of TAVR use among young patients around the time of FDA approval in low surgical risk patients serves as a case study to highlight the potential importance of specifying the indicated age group in future FDA approvals of transcatheter valve intervention devices.
Inherent Metabolic Adaptations in Adult Spiny Mouse (Acomys) Cardiomyocytes Facilitate Enhanced Cardiac Recovery Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kuppa Annapurna , Alzamrooni Afnan , Lopez Rachel , Suhan Tahra , Chaudhary Rajesh , Collins Nicole , Van den Bergh Fran , Abouleisa Riham , Wang Harrison , Mohamed Tamer , Satin Jonathan , Lyssiotis Costas , Beard Daniel A. , Abdel-Latif Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe adult mammalian heart has limited regenerative capacity following injury, leading to progressive heart failure and mortality. Recent studies have identified the spiny mouse (Acomys) as a unique model for mammalian cardiac isch3emic resilience, exhibiting enhanced recovery after myocardial infarction (MI) compared to commonly used laboratory mouse strains. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this unique response remain poorly understood. In this study, we comprehensively characterized the metabolic characteristics of cardiomyocytes inAcomyscompared to the non-regenerativeMus musculus.We utilized single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) in sham-operated animals and 1, 3, and 7 days post-myocardial infarction to investigate cardiomyocytes’ transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles in response to myocardial infarction. Complementary targeted metabolomics, stable isotope-resolved metabolomics, and functional mitochondrial assays were performed on heart tissues from both species to validate the transcriptomic findings and elucidate the metabolic adaptations in cardiomyocytes following ischemic injury.Transcriptomic analysis revealed thatAcomyscardiomyocytes inherently upregulate genes associated with glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and glutathione metabolism while downregulating genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). These metabolic characteristics are linked to decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased antioxidant capacity. Our targeted metabolomic studies in heart tissue corroborated these findings, showing a shift from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis and ancillary biosynthetic pathways inAcomysat baseline with adaptive changes post-MI. Functional mitochondrial studies indicated a higher reliance on glycolysis inAcomyscompared toMus, underscoring the unique metabolic phenotype ofAcomyshearts. Stable isotope tracing experiments confirmed a shift in glucose utilization from oxidative phosphorylation inAcomys.In conclusion, our study identifies unique metabolic characteristics ofAcomyscardiomyocytes that contribute to their enhanced ischemic resilience following myocardial infarction. These findings provide novel insights into the role of metabolism in regulating cardiac repair in adult mammals. Our work highlights the importance of inherent and adaptive metabolic flexibility in determining cardiomyocyte ischemic responses and establishesAcomysas a valuable model for studying cardiac ischemic resilience in adult mammals.Graphical abstract
Rationally Minimizing Natural Product Libraries Using Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ness Monica , Peramuna Thilini , Wendt Karen L. , Collins Jennifer E. , King Jarrod B. , Paes Raphaella , Santos Natalia Mojica , Okeke Crystal , Miller Cameron R. , Chakrabarti Debopam , Cichewicz Robert H. , McCall Laura-Isobel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNatural product libraries are crucial to drug development, but large libraries drastically increase the time and cost during initial high throughput screens. Here, we developed a method that leverages liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry spectral similarity to dramatically reduce library size, with minimal bioactive loss. This method offers a broadly applicable strategy for accelerated drug discovery with cost reductions, which enable implementation in resource-limited settings.
Timing antigenic escape in multiple myeloma treated with T-cell redirecting immunotherapies
Authors: Papadimitriou Marios , Ahn Sungwoo , Diamond Benjamin , Lee Holly , McIntyre John , Truger Marietta , Durante Michael , Ziccheddu Bachisio , Landgren Ola , Rasche Leo , Bahlis Nizar J. , Neri Paola , Maura Francesco 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTRecent data highlight genomic events driving antigen escape as a recurring cause of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) and bispecific T-cell engager (TCE) resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). Yet, it remains unclear if these events, leading to clonal dominance at progression, result from acquisition under treatment selection or selection of pre-existing undetectable clones. This differentiation gains importance as these immunotherapies progress to earlier lines of treatment, prompting the need for innovative diagnostic testing to detect these events early on. By reconstructing phylogenetic trees and exploring chemotherapy mutational signatures as temporal barcodes in 11 relapsed refractory MM patients with available whole genome sequencing data before and after CART/TCE treatment, we demonstrated that somatic antigen escape mechanisms for BCMA- and GPRC5D-targeting therapies are acquired post-diagnosis, likely during CART/TCE treatment. Longitudinal tracking of these mutations using digital PCR in 4 patients consistently showed that genomic events promoting antigen escape were not detectable during the initial months of therapy but began to emerge nearly 1 year post therapy initiation. This finding reduces the necessity for a diagnostic panel to identify these events before CART/TCE. Instead, it underscores the importance of surveillance and identifying patients at higher risk of acquiring these events.KEY POINTSGenomic events driving antigen escape are recurrent mechanisms of resistance to CART and T-cell engagers in multiple myeloma.Using chemotherapy mutational signatures, we demonstrated that these events are most likely acquired during treatment.
Starve a cold or feed a fever? Identifying cellular metabolic changes following infection and exposure to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Loveday Emma Kate , Welhaven Hope , Erdogan Ayten Ebru , Hain Kyle , Chang Connie B. , June Ronald K. , Taylor Matthew P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractViral infections induce major shifts in cellular metabolism elicited by active viral replication and antiviral responses. For the virus, harnessing cellular metabolism and evading changes that limit replication are essential for productive viral replication. In contrast, the cellular response to infection disrupts metabolic pathways to prevent viral replication and promote an antiviral state in the host cell and neighboring bystander cells. This competition between the virus and cell results in measurable shifts in cellular metabolism that differ depending on the virus, cell type, and extracellular environment. The resulting metabolic shifts can be observed and analyzed using global metabolic profiling techniques to identify pathways that are critical for either viral replication or cellular defense. SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory virus that can exhibit broad tissue tropism and diverse, yet inconsistent, symptomatology. While the factors that determine the presentation and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection remain unclear, metabolic syndromes are associated with more severe manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 disease. Despite these observations a critical knowledge gap remains between cellular metabolic responses and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using a well-established untargeted metabolomics analysis workflow, we compared SARS-CoV-2 infection of human lung carcinoma cells. We identified significant changes in metabolic pathways that correlate with either productive or non-productive viral infection. This information is critical for characterizing the factors that contribute to SARS-CoV-2 replication that could be targeted for therapeutic interventions to limit viral disease.
Polygenic architecture of brain structure and function, behaviors, and psychopathologies in children
Authors: Joo Yoonjung Yoonie , Lee Eunji , Kim Bo-Gyeom , Kim Gakyung , Seo Jungwoo , Cha Jiook 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe human brain undergoes structural and functional changes during childhood, a critical period in cognitive and behavioral development. Understanding the genetic architecture of the brain development in children can offer valuable insights into the development of the brain, cognition, and behaviors. Here, we integrated brain imaging-genetic-phenotype data from over 8,600 preadolescent children of diverse ethnic backgrounds using multivariate statistical techniques. We found a low-to-moderate level of SNP-based heritability in most IDPs, which is lower compared to the adult brain. Using sparse generalized canonical correlation analysis (SGCCA), we identified several covariation patterns among genome-wide polygenic scores (GPSs) of 29 traits, 7 different modalities of brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs), and 266 cognitive and psychological phenotype data. In structural MRI, significant positive associations were observed between total grey matter volume, left ventral diencephalon volume, surface area of right accumbens and the GPSs of cognition-related traits. Conversely, negative associations were found with the GPSs of ADHD, depression and neuroticism. Additionally, we identified a significant positive association between educational attainment GPS and regional brain activation during the N-back task. The BMI GPS showed a positive association with fractional anisotropy (FA) of connectivity between the cerebellum cortex and amygdala in diffusion MRI, while the GPSs for educational attainment and cannabis use were negatively associated with the same IDPs. Our GPS-based prediction models revealed substantial genetic contributions to cognitive variability, while the genetic basis for many mental and behavioral phenotypes remained elusive. This study delivers a comprehensive map of the relationships between genetic profiles, neuroanatomical diversity, and the spectrum of cognitive and behavioral traits in preadolescence.
Assessing Large Language Models for Oncology Data Inference from Radiology Reports
Authors: Chen Li-Ching , Zack Travis , Demirci Arda , Sushil Madhumita , Miao Brenda , Kasap Corynn , Butte Atul , Collisson Eric A. , Hong Julian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeWe examined the effectiveness of proprietary and open Large Language Models (LLMs) in detecting disease presence, location, and treatment response in pancreatic cancer from radiology reports.MethodsWe analyzed 203 deidentified radiology reports, manually annotated for disease status, location, and indeterminate nodules needing follow-up. Utilizing GPT-4, GPT-3.5-turbo, and open models like Gemma-7B and Llama3-8B, we employed strategies such as ablation and prompt engineering to boost accuracy. Discrepancies between human and model interpretations were reviewed by a secondary oncologist.ResultsAmong 164 pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients, GPT-4 showed the highest accuracy in inferring disease status, achieving a 75.5% correctness (F1-micro). Open models Mistral-7B and Llama3-8B performed comparably, with accuracies of 68.6% and 61.4%, respectively. Mistral-7B excelled in deriving correct inferences from “Objective Findings” directly. Most tested models demonstrated proficiency in identifying disease containing anatomical locations from a list of choices, with GPT-4 and Llama3-8B showing near parity in precision and recall for disease site identification. However, open models struggled with differentiating benign from malignant post-surgical changes, impacting their precision in identifying findings indeterminate for cancer. A secondary review occasionally favored GPT-3.5’s interpretations, indicating the variability in human judgment.ConclusionLLMs, especially GPT-4, are proficient in deriving oncological insights from radiology reports. Their performance is enhanced by effective summarization strategies, demonstrating their potential in clinical support and healthcare analytics. This study also underscores the possibility of zero-shot open model utility in environments where proprietary models are restricted. Finally, by providing a set of annotated radiology reports, this paper presents a valuable dataset for further LLM research in oncology.
Summer of Translational Aging Research for Undergraduates (STAR U): Short-term outcomes of a training program to advance diversity in aging research
Authors: Chan Kiana K. , Manly Jennifer J. , Cosentino Stephanie A. , Brickman Adam M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe Summer of Translational Aging Research for Undergraduates (STAR U) program, funded by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association, aims to advance diversity in aging research through undergraduate education. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of the program in cultivating a diverse cohort of scientists from underrepresented backgrounds.MethodForty-eight (96%) of 50 STAR U alumni completed a program evaluation survey between April and August 2023. The survey collected data on demographic characteristics of the alumni, educational/career goals, program experiences, and post-program outcomes, including information about continued education and scientific engagement.ResultsNinety-one percent of respondents indicated that STAR U was “extremely significant” or “very significant” in influencing them to pursue a career in science, and 93% found STAR U to be effective in influencing decisions to pursue a career in aging research specifically. Forty one percent of all respondents were already accepted or enrolled in science-related advanced degree programs, with half enrolled in doctoral degree programs. Of the students who were not enrolled in graduate school, 89% of respondents indicated they had plans to enroll in advanced degrees in the future. Respondents actively disseminated their research, with 10% of STAR U scholars reporting leading or co-authoring papers intended for publication in a peer-reviewed journal (10%). In fact, review of PubMed shows that to date, 22 students (44%) have a combined total of 44 publications in peer reviewed journals. Qualitative feedback underscored the program’s impact on career exploration, as well as the impact of mentorship and the supportive environment provided by STAR U.ConclusionsThe STAR U program shows promise as an impactful model for advancing diversity in the scientific workforce focused on aging research by strengthening scholars’ goals for pursuing graduate education, careers in science, and research in aging in particular. Its individualized approach supports students in addressing challenges and fosters a supportive environment. STAR U serves as a catalyst for underrepresented students in STEM, showcasing the significance of tailored initiatives in promoting diversity and inclusion in aging research.
Assessing the role of local health departments in implementing PrEP in the US, 2020 update
Authors: Zigman Julia R. , Hoover Karen W. , Patel Rupa R. , Hall Kellie , Gvetadze Roman J. , Huang Ya-lin A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo identify current and potential roles for, and systematic barriers encountered by, local health departments (LHDs) engaging in PrEP implementation.MethodsWeb-based assessment created with Qualtrics® from Oct.-Dec. 2020 distributed via e-mail to 1,096 LHDs that indicated they provided HIV or STD screening and/or treatment in NACCHO’s 2019 National Profile of Local Health Departments.ResultsOf 354 respondents, 46% of LHDs were engaged in PrEP implementation compared with 29% in 2015. Activities included: referring to PrEP providers (68%); conducting consumer education (65%); promoting PrEP (59%); educating providers; (48%); and prescribing PrEP (42%). The top challenges to initiating or expanding PrEP implementation were lack of funding and staff, and 41% described staff reductions during COVID-19.ConclusionsLHD engagement in PrEP implementation has increased significantly since 2015 but many LHDs still encounter barriers to initiating or expanding PrEP activities.Policy ImplicationsRobust funding of public health infrastructure can ensure that LHDs and their partners are equipped to provide PrEP access for all who may benefit from it during future public health emergencies.
Minding the margins: Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 among Latinx and Black communities with optimal qualitative serological assessment tools
Authors: Binder Raquel A. , Matta Angela M. , Forconi Catherine S. , Oduor Cliff I. , Bedekar Prajakta , Patrone Paul N. , Kearsley Anthony J. , Odwar Boaz , Batista Jennifer , Forrester Sarah N. , Leftwich Heidi K. , Cavacini Lisa A. , Moormann Ann M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCOVID-19 disproportionately affected minorities, while research barriers to engage underserved communities persist. Serological studies reveal infection and vaccination histories within these communities, however lack of consensus on downstream evaluation methods impede meta-analyses and dampen the broader public health impact. To reveal the impact of COVID-19 and vaccine uptake among diverse communities and to develop rigorous serological downstream evaluation methods, we engaged racial and ethnic minorities in Massachusetts in a cross-sectional study (April - July 2022), screened blood and saliva for SARS-CoV-2 and human endemic coronavirus (hCoV) antibodies by bead-based multiplex assay and point-of-care (POC) test and developed across-plate normalization and classification boundary methods for optimal qualitative serological assessments. Among 290 participants, 91.4 % reported receiving at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, while 41.7 % reported past SARS-CoV-2 infections, which was confirmed by POC- and multiplex-based saliva and blood IgG seroprevalences. We found significant differences in antigen-specific IgA and IgG antibody outcomes and indication of cross-reactivity with hCoV OC43. Finally, 26.5 % of participants reported lingering COVID-19 symptoms, mostly middle-aged Latinas. Hence, prolonged COVID-19 symptoms were common among our underserved population and require public health attention, despite high COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Saliva served as a less-invasive sample-type for IgG-based serosurveys and hCoV cross-reactivity needed to be evaluated for reliable SARS-CoV-2 serosurvey results. Using the developed rigorous downstream qualitative serological assessment methods will help standardize serosurvey outcomes and meta-analyses for future serosurveys beyond SARS-CoV-2.