bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote sensing of river stage using the cross‐sectional inundation area‐river stage relationship (IARSR) constructed from digital elevation model data
Authors: Pan Feifei , Nichols Jennifer 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRemote sensing of discharge and river stage from space provides us with a promising alternative approach to monitor watersheds, no matter if they are ungauged, poorly gauged, or fully gauged. One approach is to estimate river stage from satellite measured inundation area based on the inundation area – river stage relationship (IARSR). However, this approach is not easy to implement because of a lack of data for constructing the IARSR. In this study, an innovative and robust approach to construct the IARSR from digital elevation model (DEM) data was developed and tested. It was shown that the constructed IARSR from DEM data could be used to retrieve water level or river stage from satellite‐measured inundation area. To reduce the uncertainty in the estimated inundation area, a dual‐thresholding method was proposed. The first threshold is the lower limit of pixel value for classifying water body pixels with a relatively high‐level certainty. The second threshold is the upper limit of pixel value for classifying potentially flooded pixels. All pixels with values between the first threshold and the second threshold and adjacent to the classified water body pixels may be partially flooded. A linear interpolation method was used to estimate the wetted area of each partially flooded pixel. In applying the constructed IARSR to the estimated inundation areas from 11 Landsat TM images, 11 water levels were obtained. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the estimated water levels compared with the observed water levels at the US Geological Survey (USGS) gauging station on the Trinity River at Liberty in Liberty County, Texas, is about 0.38 m. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of water stable isotopes and hydrograph separation in Baishui catchment during the wet season in Mt.Yulong region, south western China
Authors: Pu Tao , He Yuanqing , Zhu Guofeng , Zhang Ningning , Du Jiankuo , Wang Chunfeng 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGlaciers are of crucial importance for the livelihood of the local populations, which depend on their meltwater for water and energy supplies. For this reason, seasonal variations of oxygen‐18 of glacial stream water and their sources within a small glacial catchment in south western China were investigated during the wet season. The results showed significant difference of oxygen‐18 existed among meltwater, rainwater, ground water and stream water, and significantly seasonal variation of precipitation occurred during the observed period. The streamflow of Baishui catchment was separated into components of ice‐snowmelt and precipitation using oxygen‐18. As shown by the result of the two‐component mixing model, on average, 53.4% of the runoff came from ice‐snowmelt during the wet season, whereas the remaining 46.6% were contributed by precipitation in the catchment. According to monthly hydrograph, the contribution of snow and glacier meltwater varied from 40.7% to 62.2%, and that of precipitation varied from 37.8% to 59.3% in wet season. Uncertainties for this separation were mainly caused by the variation of tracer concentrations. The roles of glacier and snow meltwater should be noticed in water resource management in those glacial regions in south western China. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Daily rainfall projections from general circulation models with a downscaling nonhomogeneous hidden Markov model (NHMM) for south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Fu Guobin , Charles Stephen P. , Kirshner Sergey 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn ensemble of stochastic daily rainfall projections has been generated for 30 stations across south‐eastern Australia using the downscaling nonhomogeneous hidden Markov model, which was driven by atmospheric predictors from four climate models for three IPCC emissions scenarios (A1B, A2, and B1) and for two periods (2046–2065 and 2081–2100). The results indicate that the annual rainfall is projected to decrease for both periods for all scenarios and climate models, with the exception of a few scenarios of no statistically significant changes. However, there is a seasonal difference: two downscaled GCMs consistently project a decline of summer rainfall, and two an increase. In contrast, all four downscaled GCMs show a decrease of winter rainfall. Because winter rainfall accounts for two‐thirds of the annual rainfall and produces the majority of streamflow for this region, this decrease in winter rainfall would cause additional water availability concerns in the southern Murray–Darling basin, given that water shortage is already a critical problem in the region. In addition, the annual maximum daily rainfall is projected to intensify in the future, particularly by the end of the 21st century; the maximum length of consecutive dry days is projected to increase, and correspondingly, the maximum length of consecutive wet days is projected to decrease. These changes in daily sequencing, combined with fewer events of reduced amount, could lead to drier catchment soil profiles and further reduce runoff potential and, hence, also have streamflow and water availability implications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adherence to national guidelines for gastric cancer in the Netherlands: A retrospective population‐based audit
Authors: Ho Vincent K.Y. , Damhuis Ronald A.M. , Hartgrink Henk H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn May 2009, a new clinical practice guideline for gastric cancer was released in the Netherlands. To determine the impact of this guideline, we evaluated trends in patterns of care, thereby focusing on the use of perioperative chemotherapy, the adequacy of lymphadenectomy and the proportion of non‐curative resections. For our evaluation, we retrospectively collected information from the Netherlands Cancer Registry on 2,511 patients diagnosed with primary adenocarcinoma of the stomach during the period July 2008–June 2010, excluding tumors of the cardia. After comparing clinical management for patients diagnosed from July 2008 to June 2009 with that for patients diagnosed from July 2009 to June 2010, we conclude that our indicators for guideline adherence did not show major change, except for the proportion of patients that received an adequate lymphadenectomy (examination of ≥10 lymph nodes), which increased from 49% to 58% (p = 0.005), this increase being more pronounced for high‐volume hospitals (p = 0.006). Preoperative chemotherapy was given in 45% of patients and 25% of resections was non‐curative. For the total study population, the resection rate was 41% and 30‐day mortality was 5.7%. However, this measure may underestimate the real operative risk for gastric cancer patients given supplementary information on postdischarge death and prolonged hospital stay.
Water Vapor Permeability of the Rigid‐Shelled Gecko Egg
Authors: ANDREWS ROBIN M. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe vast majority of squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) produce parchment‐shelled eggs that absorb water during incubation, and thus increase in mass, volume, and surface area. In contrast, females from a single monophyletic lineage of gekkotan lizards produce rigid‐shelled eggs. These eggs are functionally comparable to those of birds, that is, at oviposition, eggs contain all the water needed for development, and their mass decreases during incubation via the diffusion of water vapor through the shell. I determined patterns of water loss and shell permeability to water vapor from oviposition to hatching for the rigid‐shelled eggs of the gekkonid Chrondrodactylus turneri and compared permeability of C. turneri eggs to those of birds and other squamates. Chrondrodactylus turneri eggs incubated at 28.5°C and 40% relative humidity (RH) decreased in mass by 14% over the course of a 68‐day incubation period. The rate of water loss varied during incubation; egg mass decreased rapidly during the first 8 days of incubation, declined at a low constant rate during the next 35 days, and then decreased rapidly during the final 25 days of incubation. Overall permeability was 0.17 mg/day/kPa/cm2. Percent water loss of rigid‐shelled gecko eggs during incubation is similar to that exhibited by birds, but water vapor permeability is about one‐third that of bird eggs and several orders of magnitude lower than that of parchment‐shelled squamate eggs. In general, the water economy of their eggs may be associated with the adaptive radiation of the rigid‐shelled sphaerodactylid, phyllodactylid, and gekkonid geckos. J. Exp. Zool. 317A:395–400, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Projections of climate change‐driven variations in the offshore wave climate off south eastern Australia
Authors: Hemer M. A. , McInnes K. L. , Ranasinghe R. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThis study presents an analysis of the wind‐wave climate on the south‐east Australian continental margin and its potential changes under the effects of projected climate change. The wind‐wave climate is modelled for three 20 year time‐slices (1981–2000, 2031–2051, and 2081–2100) using a dynamical wave modelling approach in which the WaveWatch III spectral wave model, with a nested domain SWAN model, is the region of interest. Surface wind forcing is obtained from an ensemble of three global climate model runs (CSIRO Mk3.5, GFDLcm2.0, and GFDLcm2.1) dynamically downscaled using CSIRO's Cubic conformal atmospheric model (CCAM), under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios (a high emission SRES A2 and low emission SRES B1 scenario). A third level of uncertainty associated with adjusting climate model derived winds for climate and variability bias is found to be the largest source of uncertainty among the limited range of sources considered in the twenty‐eight 20 year wave model simulations undertaken herein. The ensemble of wave model runs for the 2081–2100 time‐slice project a robust decrease in mean significant wave height along the south‐east Australian coast relative to present (1981–2000) conditions. The magnitude of projected change in mean annual significant wave height is less than 0.2 m, with larger values in the north of the region of interest, and is associated with a projected decrease in storm wave energy in the region. An anticlockwise rotation in mean wave direction of approximately 5° is also projected over the same period. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Middle ear myoclonus associated with forced eyelid closure in children: Diagnosis and treatment outcome
Authors: Lee Guen‐Ho , Bae Seong‐Cheon , Jin Sang‐Gyun , Park Kyoung‐Ho , Yeo Sang‐Won , Park Shi‐Nae 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Forceful eyelid closure syndrome (FECS) was first reported at the Proceedings of the Second International Tinnitus Seminar in 1983. The main symptom of this syndrome is a spontaneous muscular tinnitus related only to forced eye closure, specifically the voluntary contraction of the periorbital muscles. Although investigation of the syndrome was initiated >100 years ago, only four cases have been published in the past 20 years. We report six cases of middle ear myoclonus tinnitus diagnosed as FECS in children and discuss issues surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome.Study Design:Retrospective case series.Methods:From 2009 to 2011, six children complaining of clicking or crackling sounds in their ears presented at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital. Endoscopic examination and recording of the tympanic membrane were performed while the patients were asked to close their eyes forcefully. Audiologic studies including acoustic reflex decay and static compliance were performed for documentation of the movement of the tympanic membrane. Triggering factors of FECS in the children were carefully evaluated.Results:Synchronous movement of the tympanic membrane in response to forced eye closure on endoscopic examination was the most reliable finding to diagnose FECS. Acoustic reflex decay and other impedance audiogram findings showed irregular perturbations during forced eye closure, which led to diagnosis of the tinnitus as middle ear myoclonus. Most of the patients had triggering factors for FECS. Reassurance and removal of the triggering or causal factors with or without medication improved clicking sounds coming from middle ear myoclonus.Conclusions:FECS is a rare clinical entity and can be easily missed in routine clinical examination. We suggest that patients, especially children, with clicking or crackling tinnitus should be evaluated for FECS using proper diagnostic tools. A possible mechanism of FECS in children postulated from our case review is suggested. Laryngoscope, 2012
Positron‐emission tomography pitfalls related to oral prosthesis
Authors: More Yogesh , Dusing Reginald , Counts Shaheen , Bond Justin , Tsue Terrance , Girod Douglas 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis case report describes false‐positive positron‐emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings related to oral prostheses and its implications in cancer surveillance. In head and neck cancer management, F18‐flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT is widely accepted for evaluating treatment response and detecting recurrence. Interpretation of FDG PET/CT images in this setting is often challenging due to various prostheses and reconstruction methods. Following surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary alveolus, a 61‐year‐old female had a FDG PET/CT scan on a 7‐month follow‐up that showed high FDG uptake along the resection site. Clinical examination showed no signs of inflammation or recurrence. Repeat FDG PET/CT without the prosthesis was normal. The PET/CT attenuation‐corrected images demonstrated high FDG uptake (standardized uptake value: 11.6) along the resection site corresponding to contrast‐enhanced CT images of the lesion. PET/CT nonattenuation‐corrected images also confirmed increased activity. Repeat PET/CT without the prosthesis was normal. FDG is not tumor specific; it can accumulate in inflammation, infection, and post‐therapy settings. Metallic and high‐density prostheses show radial artifacts on CT and falsely elevated FDG uptake on PET/ CT in adjacent areas. Salivary pooling may concentrate FDG. The presence of oral prostheses has not been described as a cause of this high level of activity. PET/CT images that demonstrate intense activity corresponding to dense structures should be viewed with caution. A detailed history and physical exam as well as knowledge of artifacts are pertinent for the managing physician. Laryngoscope, 2012
Middle ear carcinoid with distant osseous metastasis
Authors: Fundakowski Christopher E. , Chapman Jennifer R. , Thomas Giovanna 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMiddle ear carcinoid is a rare entity with an indolent clinical course. Numerous reports have described local recurrence and metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes, although only one report of distant visceral metastasis exists in the literature. We describe the potential for osseous metastasis. A 52‐year‐old male with previous middle ear carcinoid (resected 10 years prior) presented with a neck mass. Subsequent workup revealed a suspicious lytic lesion of the iliac crest. Selective neck dissection and core biopsy of the iliac lesion were performed, which revealed concurrent histologically identical metastasis to both the cervical lymph nodes and iliac crest, morphologically indistinguishable from the previous middle ear carcinoid. This case presents the novel description of distant osseous metastasis of middle ear carcinoid. Laryngoscope, 2013
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus sinusitis in nonhospitalized patients: A systematic review of prevalence and treatment outcomes
Authors: McCoul Edward D. , Jourdy Deya N. , Schaberg Madeleine R. , Anand Vijay K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been isolated from patients with acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), although the exact prevalence is unknown. Similarly, the optimal treatment regimen for MRSA sinusitis has not been determined. The aim of this study was to summarize the existing data on prevalence and treatment outcomes for MRSA sinusitis in nonhospitalized patients.Study Design:A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.Methods:MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were queried for English‐language studies published between 1942 and 2012. Studies were excluded that did not provide quantitative data on the prevalence or treatment of ARS or CRS with MRSA‐positive cultures. An itemized assessment of the risk of bias was conducted for each included study.Results:Of 409 studies identified during systematic review, 12 studies met the criteria for analysis. The level of evidence and freedom from bias of these studies were generally low. The prevalence of MRSA among all culture isolates ranged from 0% to 15.9% for ARS and 1.8% to 20.7% for CRS. Six studies reported quantitative treatment outcomes using variable measures, in which resolution of infection ranged from 58.3% to 100%. The treatment regimens were heterogeneous and included single‐ and multiple‐agent therapy with oral, topical, and parental antibiotics.Conclusions:MRSA‐positive cultures are found in a small but significant number of cases of ARS and CRS. Treatment of MRSA sinusitis may be effective, although treatment regimens and outcome measures are variable. Prospective studies utilizing standardized parameters are warranted. Laryngoscope, 2012
A Combined Computational and Experimental Study on the Free‐Radical Copolymerization of Styrene and Hydroxyethyl Acrylate
Authors: Mavroudakis Evangelos , Liang Kun , Moscatelli Davide , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBulk free‐radical copolymerization of styrene and 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) is investigated experimentally at 50 °C using pulsed‐laser polymerization and computationally using ab initio simulations. Arrhenius parameters for HEA chain‐end homopropagation are A = 1.72 × 107 L mol−1 s−1 and Ea = 16.8 kJ mol−1, based on experiments between 20 and 60 °C. Copolymer composition data are well fitted by the terminal model with reactivity ratios rST = 0.44 ± 0.03 and rHEA = 0.18 ± 0.04, but the variation in the propagation rate coefficient with monomer composition is underpredicted. Results are compared with computational predictions assuming the terminal as well as the penultimate unit effect (PUE) model. Intramolecular H‐bonding is shown to have a significant influence on PUE calculations. Discrepancies between computational predictions and experiment are attributed to the influence of intermolecular H‐bonding.
The forkhead transcription factor FoxY regulates Nanos
Authors: Song Jia L. , Wessel Gary M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFoxY is a member of the forkhead transcription factor family that appeared enriched in the presumptive germ line of sea urchins (Ransick et al. Dev Biol 2002;246:132). Here, we test the hypothesis that FoxY is involved in germ line determination in this animal. We found two splice forms of FoxY that share the same DNA‐binding domain, but vary in the carboxy‐terminal trans‐activation/repression domain. Both forms of the FoxY protein are present in the egg and in the early embryo, and their mRNAs accumulate to their highest levels in the small micromeres and adjacent non‐skeletogenic mesoderm. Knockdown of FoxY resulted in a dramatic decrease in Nanos mRNA and protein levels as well as a loss of coelomic pouches in 2‐week‐old larvae. Our results indicate that FoxY positively regulates Nanos at the transcriptional level and is essential for reproductive potential in this organism. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 680–688, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
‘In One Ear and Out the Other – It's a Lot to Take in’: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Informational Needs of Patients with ANCA‐Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Mooney Janice , Poland Fiona , Spalding Nicola , Scott D. G. I. , Watts Richard A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the informational needs of patients with anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis (AAV).MethodsThree focus groups and eight one‐to‐one interviews were conducted with patients with AAV. A purposeful sample of 15 patients (ten female) [disease: three Churg–Strauss syndrome (CSS); nine granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA); one microscopic polyangiitis (MPA); two polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)] participated in the focus groups. Eight (five female) (disease: three CSS; four GPA; one MPA) participated in the one‐to‐one interviews. A semi‐structured interview guide was used to explore patients’ experiences of informational needs. The focus groups and interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim, and analysed using the framework technique.ResultsEmergent themes were: reaction to diagnosis, need for information on disease management and access to knowledgeable practitioners. When given the initial diagnosis, all patients described themselves as being too ill to take in information and that they later found it difficult to find information. Most information received at diagnosis was in the form of verbal information given by the hospital doctor. Patients wanted positive but truthful information in the form of a booklet.ConclusionsReceiving the diagnosis of a rare, potentially life‐threatening disease and then dealing with its complex treatment causes anxiety and fear and can impede information retention and recall. Patients want information on diagnosis and treatment but this should be tailored to individual needs, including timing that is appropriate for them. All patients wanted the opportunity to discuss their illness and its management with a knowledgeable healthcare practitioner but also wanted printed forms of information to assimilate at their own pace. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An extended Eulerian method for contacts in Godunov formulations
Authors: Vitali E. , Lomov I. N. , Antoun T. H. , Fujino D. H. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThis paper offers a new method to treat contacts in Eulerian Godunov formulations. The inadequacy of classic Eulerian formulations to describe contacts behavior is identified in the lack of degrees of freedom. This limitation is overcome by employing a set of state variables per material for the calculation of multi‐material elements and faces. The extra state variables allow for the independent analysis of the materials present in the problem; materials interactions are characterized by introducing contact constraints in the formulation. The locality of the method limits the memory burden. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the necessity of joint adoption of both Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking and Central Maximum Power Point Tracking in PV systems
Authors: Vitelli Massimo 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the main causes that are able to limit the efficiency of Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking (DMPPT) are analyzed in detail. It will be shown that, to get full profit from DMPPT, it is necessary that the bulk inverter voltage belongs to an optimal range whose position and amplitude are functions of the following factors: the number of PV modules and dedicated DC/DC converters in a string, the atmospheric operating conditions characterizing each PV module (irradiance and temperature values), the voltage and current ratings of the physical devices the DC/DC converters are made of, and the adopted DC/DC converter topology. Moreover, it will be given proof of the necessity to couple the DMPPT function with a suitable centralized MPPT function carried out by the inverter through the proper control of its own DC input voltage. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.