bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental impacts associated with manufacturing of solar and wind power alternative energy systems
Authors: Santillan Javier , Heaston Mark S. , Woodward David S. , Joshi Manish M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment (AFCEE) is performing Environmental Restoration Program Optimization (E‐RPO) at various United States Air Force (USAF) installations to evaluate existing remediation strategies and recommend actions to advance issues impacting the remediation program. As sustainability practices (including green and sustainable remediation [GSR]) increase at Air Force facilities and throughout the environmental industry, the use of alternative energy‐collection sources (i.e., solar photovoltaics [PV] and wind turbines) is likely to increase dramatically. Although PV and wind power systems exhibit a low environmental footprint during their use, there are potential human health and environmental impacts from the manufacturing and recycling processes. This article presents a summary of available information regarding the environmental impacts associated with life‐cycle assessments that include raw material extraction and refinement, product manufacturing, use, and postuse disposal for PV and wind turbines (i.e., cradle‐to‐grave impacts). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Issues in monitoring hazardous chemicals in stormwater runoff/discharges from superfund and other hazardous chemical sites
Authors: Lee G. Fred , Jones‐Lee Anne 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDeficiencies in design and execution render stormwater‐runoff monitoring programs for many hazardous chemical sites inadequate for assessing the potential environmental quality and public health impacts of chemicals in the runoff. Two pervasive problems are the use of analytical methods that are inadequate for measuring certain hazardous chemicals at potentially hazardous concentrations, and the application of “criteria/standards” that are inappropriate for evaluating the environmental/public health impacts of chemicals. These concerns are most notable for carcinogens and chemicals that bioaccumulate in edible aquatic organisms, including arsenic, chromium, beryllium, mercury, dioxins, organochlorine pesticides (such as DDT), and polychlorinated biphenyls; unrecognized pollutants; and nanomaterials. In order to appropriately evaluate whether the runoff/discharge from a hazardous chemical site is a threat to human health, the analytical methods must be sufficiently sensitive in critical concentration ranges; sampling regimens need to be sufficiently rigorous to provide reliable characterization of the content of the runoff, receiving water, and, for bioaccumulatable chemicals, levels in edible organisms in receiving water. Proper sampling and analysis will then provide data to enable the appropriate criteria/standards to be applied. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transuranic waste remediation in Idaho: Pit 9, failed contracts, and lawsuits
Authors: Abbotts John 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE) remediation responsibilities include its Idaho National Laboratory. In 1989, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency placed the Idaho site on its National Priority List for environmental cleanup. The site's contamination legacy from operations included inactive reactors and other structures, spent nuclear fuel, high‐level liquid radioactive wastes, calcined radioactive wastes, and transuranic wastes. Documents governing cleanup include a 1995 Settlement Agreement between the US DOE and the US Navy as responsible parties, and the State of Idaho. The Subsurface Disposal Area contains buried transuranic wastes, lies above the East Snake River Plain Aquifer, and could be the “site's most nettlesome cleanup issue,” according to an outside observer. This article describes the technical and legal difficulties that have been encountered in remediating this area. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Site length for biological assessment of boatable rivers
Authors: Flotemersch J. E. , Stribling J. B. , Hughes R. M. , Reynolds L. , Paul M. J. , Wolter C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThere is increasing international interest by water resource management agencies worldwide in developing the capacity for quantitative bioassessments of boatable rivers. This interest stems from legal mandates requiring assessments, plus growing recognition of the threats to such systems from multiple and co‐varying stressors (e.g. chemical pollutants, physical habitat alterations, altered flow regimes, channel modifications and alien species). The elevated cost and inefficiencies of jurisdictionally‐ and taxonomically‐segregated assessments is widely recognized, as is the desire to obtain comparable data that can be easily shared among political jurisdictions and ecological regions. The objectives, sampling methods, indicators, site‐scale sampling designs and geographic extent of the resources being sampled differ among programmes, thereby limiting such data exchanges. Our objective in this paper is to review major biological assessment design alternatives for boatable rivers, with special attention given to the sample site length from which data are collected. We suggest that sufficient site length determinations should be based on the survey objectives, the relative heterogeneity of the habitat template, and the quality of data necessary for meeting programmatic data quality objectives. Future sampling effort studies should be designed to allow separate samples of several short sub‐sites at many diverse sites to generate multiple data points for each site. Data from those multiple sub‐sites should be analysed using randomization‐based data evaluation methods. We hope that our recommendations will be useful to the maximum number of institutions, including those with limited funds and a purely local focus, as well as those responsible for sampling at continental geographic extents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expectant management of ultrasonically diagnosed ovarian dermoid cysts: is it possible to predict outcome?
Authors: Hoo W. L. , Yazbek J. , Holland T. , Mavrelos D. , Tong E. N. C. , Jurkovic D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the natural history of ultrasonically diagnosed ovarian dermoid cysts in a large group of women who were managed expectantly, and to assess the factors that were associated with failure of expectant management.MethodsOur database was searched for dermoid cysts diagnosed on ultrasonography by a single expert operator between 2001 and 2007 in this retrospective study. In women who opted for expectant management, demographic data including age, gravidity and parity were recorded. Indications for scan, site of cysts, dimensions and the outcomes of expectant management were also recorded.ResultsTwo hundred and eighty‐nine women were diagnosed with a total of 323 dermoid cysts by a single expert ultrasound operator. 93/289 (32.2%; 95% CI, 26.8–37.6%) women with 105/323 (32.5%; 95% CI, 27.4–37.6%) ovarian dermoid cysts were managed expectantly for longer than 3 months. The mean age at diagnosis was 33.8 (range, 13–79) years and the median duration of follow up was 12.6 (interquartile range, 7.6–29.3) months. The mean growth rate of dermoid cysts during follow up was 1.67 mm/year. There were no demographic or morphological features that could be used to predict the growth rate of dermoid cysts. After a period of expectant management, 24/93 (25.8%; 95% CI, 16.9–34.7%) women had surgical intervention. The risk of surgical intervention was significantly increased in younger women, those of parity ≥ 2 and in women with bilateral cysts or larger‐diameter cysts, and reduced in women with a past history of ovarian cyst.ConclusionsThe success rate of expectant management of dermoid cysts is high and this approach should be considered as a viable alternative to surgical management. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes in a cohort of patients with Stage I twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Bebbington M. W. , Tiblad E. , Huesler‐Charles M. , Wilson R. D. , Mann S. E. , Johnson M. P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine pregnancy outcomes of patients who present with Stage I twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).MethodsThis was a retrospective review of all patients with TTTS referred to our institution between January 2005 and December 2006. Quintero criteria were used for staging. Laser ablation was not offered to patients with Stage I disease.ResultsA total of 155 twin pregnancies were evaluated for TTTS during this period. Forty‐two met the criteria for Stage I and were included in the analysis. The overall survival to discharge was 82%. The mean gestational age at the time of consultation was 20.9 ± 0.4 weeks. A total of 23 cases (54.8%) underwent amnioreduction. Progression of TTTS requiring invasive therapy occurred in four cases. The mean gestational age at delivery was 32.5 ± 0.62 weeks. When divided according to use of amnioreduction, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups for gestational age at delivery or for birth weight. Those Stage I cases with a CHOP cardiovascular score of 5 or higher delivered almost 3 weeks earlier than the remainder of the cohort.ConclusionsProgression of TTTS beyond Stage I occurred in only 9.5% of the cohort. Mean gestational age at delivery and survival to discharge did not differ between Stage I patients and those treated with placental laser ablation for more advanced stages of TTTS. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time three‐dimensional ultrasound with Live xPlane imaging assists first‐trimester acquisition of a true midsagittal section
Authors: Xiong Y. , Wah Y. M. I. , Chan L. W. , Leung T. Y. , Fung T. Y. , Lau T. K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether real‐time three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound with Live xPlane imaging, which enables the simultaneous display of two real‐time high‐quality image planes, can assist both operators certified by The Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) and non‐FMF‐certified operators in acquiring a true midsagittal plane in the first trimester.MethodsEight operators, four of them FMF certified (FMF group) and the other four not (non‐FMF group), were asked to acquire a fetal image that they believed to represent the true midsagittal plane using real‐time 3D ultrasound with Live xPlane imaging as guidance. Each operator was asked to obtain such an image five times from each of five patients. A total of 200 images from 40 patients were obtained and stored for subsequent analysis. All pregnancies were between 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. The angle between the falx cerebri and vertical axis (angle of deviation) was then measured by a single operator. A true midsagittal section was defined as an angle of deviation equal to 0°. The angle of deviation and the time taken to acquire each image were compared between FMF and non‐FMF groups.ResultsThe median angle of deviation for each operator ranged from 1.2° to 3.4°. There was no significant difference in this angle between those who were FMF certified and those who were not (2.0° vs. 2.2°, P = 0.463). The interquartile range of the angle of deviation was also similar between the FMF‐ and non‐FMF‐certified operators. Although the time taken for image acquisition was longer among the non‐FMF‐certified operators (median, 45.5s vs. 32.0s), this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.107).ConclusionLive xPlane imaging can provide a tool to assist the acquisition of a true midsagittal plane and to determine how true a ‘midsagittal’ plane really is. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The fetal venous system, Part I: normal embryology, anatomy, hemodynamics, ultrasound evaluation and Doppler investigation
Authors: Yagel S. , Kivilevitch Z. , Cohen S. M. , Valsky D. V. , Messing B. , Shen O. , Achiron R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSince its introduction in the mid‐1980s sonographic evaluation of the human fetal venous system has advanced dramatically. The venous system is well‐recognized as a target for investigation in cases of circulatory compromise, and a broad spectrum of malformations affecting this system has been described. Appreciation of the normal embryology, anatomy and physiology of this system is essential to an understanding of structural anomalies and the sequential changes encountered in intrauterine growth restriction or other developmental disorders. We review the normal embryology, anatomy, and hemodynamics of the human fetal venous system, and provide an overview of Doppler investigation, as well as three‐ and four‐dimensional ultrasound modalities and their application to this system. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Additive manufacturing models of fetuses built from three‐dimensional ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan data
Authors: Werner H. , dos Santos J. R. L. , Fontes R. , Daltro P. , Gasparetto E. , Marchiori E. , Campbell S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo generate physical fetal models using images obtained by three‐dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) to guide additive manufacturing technology.MethodsImages from 33 fetuses, including three sets of twins, were used. Fifteen fetuses were normal and evaluated only by 3DUS. Eighteen cases had abnormalities such as conjoined twins, tumors, aneuploidy, skeletal abnormalities, central nervous system abnormalities and facial or thoracic defects. Scans were performed using high‐resolution 3DUS. In cases of abnormalities, MRI and CT were performed on the same day as 3DUS. The images obtained with 3DUS, CT or MRI were exported to a workstation in DICOM format. A single observer performed slice‐by‐slice manual segmentation using a digital high‐definition screen. Software that converts medical images into numerical models was used to construct virtual 3D models, which were physically realized using additive manufacturing technologies.ResultsPhysical models based on 3DUS, MRI and CT images either separately or combined were successfully generated. They were remarkably similar to the postnatal appearance of the aborted fetus or newborn baby, especially in cases with pathology.ConclusionThe use of 3DUS, MRI and CT may improve our understanding of fetal anatomical characteristics, and these technologies can be used for educational purposes and as a method for parents to visualize their unborn baby. The images can be segmented and applied separately or combined to construct 3D virtual and physical models. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal plasma soluble endoglin at 11–13 weeks' gestation in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Foidart J.‐M. , Munaut C. , Chantraine F. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the performance of screening for pre‐eclampsia (PE) by a combination of maternal factors, soluble endoglin (sEng), pregnancy associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A), placental growth factor (PlGF) and uterine artery lowest pulsatility index (L‐PI) at 11–13 weeks' gestation.MethodsUterine artery L‐PI, sEng, PAPP‐A and PlGF were measured at 11–13 weeks in 90 singleton pregnancies that subsequently developed PE, including 30 that required delivery before 34 weeks (early PE) and 60 with late PE, and 180 unaffected controls. Screening performance for PE by maternal factors, sEng, PAPP‐A, PlGF and uterine artery L‐PI and their combinations was determined.ResultsIn early PE, compared to controls, plasma sEng and uterine L‐PI were significantly increased and serum PAPP‐A and PlGF were decreased. In late PE, compared to controls, serum PlGF was decreased and uterine L‐PI was increased but plasma sEng and serum PAPP‐A were not significantly different. In screening for early PE, the detection rate for a 10% false‐positive rate was 46.7% for sEng alone and 96.3% for a combination of maternal factors, sEng, PlGF and uterine artery L‐PI.ConclusionsEffective screening for early PE can be provided by a combination of maternal factors, sEng, PlGF and uterine artery L‐PI at 11–13 weeks' gestation. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The fetal venous system, Part II: ultrasound evaluation of the fetus with congenital venous system malformation or developing circulatory compromise
Authors: Yagel S. , Kivilevitch Z. , Cohen S. M. , Valsky D. V. , Messing B. , Shen O. , Achiron R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe human fetal venous system is well‐recognized as a target for investigation in cases of circulatory compromise, and a broad spectrum of malformations affecting this system has been described. In Part I of this review, we described the normal embryology, anatomy and physiology of this system, essential to the understanding of structural anomalies and the sequential changes encountered in intrauterine growth restriction and other developmental disorders. In Part II we review the etiology and sonographic appearance of malformations of the human fetal venous system, discuss the pathophysiology of the system and describe venous Doppler investigation in the fetus with circulatory compromise. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Surfactants: Combination Products of Fatty Acids, Hydroxycarboxylic Acids and Alcohols
Authors: Altenbach Hans‐Josef , Ihizane Rachid , Jakob Bernd , Lange Karsten , Schneider Manfred , Yilmaz Zeynep , Nandi Sukhendu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe reaction of hydroxycarboxylic acids, such as citric, malic and tartaric species with an excess of fatty acid chlorides produces the corresponding O‐acylated hydroxycarboxylic anhydrides in one step and in a near quantitative yield. These molecules are excellent electrophiles which react readily with a variety of nucleophiles including alcohols, diols and polyols. Their reaction with triethylene glycol and triethylene glycol monomethyl ether leads to two series of novel anionic surfactants, which are unsymmetrical gemini surfactants. The determination of their properties (CMC, foaming, HLB) revealed that these molecules are—depending on the chain length of the fatty acid—excellent emulsifiers, and that they also display interesting antimicrobial activity. These novel functional surfactants are of interest for applications in food and personal care products and for the formulation of pharmaceuticals.
Common Breaks in Sterile Technique: Clinical Perspectives and Perioperative Implications
Authors: Hopper William R. , Moss Rose 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPrevention of health care‐associated infections, specifically surgical site infections, is a fundamental responsibility of the perioperative team. Breaks in sterile technique can and do occur, even for the most conscientious perioperative practitioners. Surgical site infections are associated with unnecessary patient pain and suffering and increased lengths of hospital stay and health care costs. Prevention of surgical site infections, therefore, takes on great significance in today's dynamic health care environment. Key responsibilities of perioperative nurses are to recognize and correct common breaks in sterile technique that are made in preparation for and during a surgical procedure and to implement methods to prevent future occurrences.
Improving Associate Degree Nursing Students' Perioperative Clinical Observation Experiences
Authors: Ricketts Donna L. , Gray Susan E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFor associate degree nursing students at Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, the perioperative nursing clinical experience typically included a one‐day observation of a surgical procedure, with students entering the OR suite after the surgery started and having to leave before the surgery was completed. An associate professor of nursing and a perioperative staff education coordinator partnered to address this lack of a complete perioperative experience for students and offer a more formal OR experience. The clinical experience was altered to provide relevant didactic perioperative nursing content in class before the clinical day, a group orientation, and observation in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative areas. Reactions of students and perioperative staff members to these changes were positive.
Long-Term Pain in Cats
Authors: Robertson Sheilah A , Lascelles B Duncan X 
Published: March 2010

Practical relevance Long-term pain in cats is an important welfare issue but is often overlooked and undertreated.Audience All practitioners are faced with cats that require analgesic intervention to improve their quality of life.Patient group Any cat may potentially experience long-term pain and discomfort. Degenerative joint disease and diabetic-related pain is more common in middle-aged or older individuals, whereas persistent postsurgical pain can occur at any age and is seen in young cats following onychectomy.Evidence base Robust evidence on long-term pain issues in cats — specifically, relating to prevalence, etiology, and treatment protocols and outcomes — is missing from the veterinary literature. The aim of this review is to summarise the current state of knowledge. In doing so, it takes a practical approach, highlighting the obvious, and some not so obvious, causes of long-term pain in cats; some aspects that warrant closer attention; our ability to recognize pain and monitor how this impacts on quality of life; and today's treatment options.
Early Detection, Aggressive Therapy
Authors: Giménez Fernanda , Hecht Silke , Craig Linden E , Legendre Alfred M 
Published: March 2010

Aims This article reviews the incidence, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of mammary tumors in cats.Practical relevance Approximately 80% of feline mammary masses are malignant, with adenocarcinoma being the most common tumor type. Early diagnosis is, therefore, essential to improve the prognosis and quality of life of affected cats.Treatment approaches Surgery is the most widely used treatment for malignant tumors. However, as mammary tumors are often advanced and metastasis has already occurred by the time of diagnosis, surgery routinely does not provide a cure. Ovariohysterectomy or hormonal therapy are the treatments of choice for fibroadenomatous hyperplasia (the most common benign mass) and usually lead to a successful outcome.
Tartaglia's ragioni: A maestro d'abaco's mixed approach to the bombardier's problem
Authors: EKHOLM KARIN J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn La nova scientia (1537), Niccolò Tartaglia analyses trajectories of cannonballs by means of different forms of reasoning, including ‘physical and geometrical reasoning’, ‘demonstrative geometrical reasoning’, ‘Archimedean reasoning’, and ‘algebraic reasoning’. I consider what he understood by each of these methods and how he used them to render the quick succession of a projectile's positions into a single entity that he could explore and explain. I argue that our understanding of his methods and style is greatly enriched by considering the abacus tradition in which he worked. As a maestro d'abaco in sixteenth-century Venice he had access to a great variety of mathematical and natural-philosophical works. This paper traces how Tartaglia drew elements from a vast spectrum of sources and combined them in an innovative manner. I examine his use of algebra and geometry, consider what he knew about Archimedes and suggest a reading of his enigmatic phrase ‘Archimedean reasoning’, which has eluded satisfactory interpretation.