bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolutionary history of the catenin gene family during metazoan evolution
Authors: Zhao Zi-Ming , Reynolds Albert B , Gaucher Eric A 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
Catenin is a gene family composed of three subfamilies; p120, beta and alpha. Beta and p120 are homologous subfamilies based on sequence and structural comparisons, and are members of the armadillo repeat protein superfamily. Alpha does not appear to be homologous to either beta or p120 based on the lack of sequence and structural similarity, and the alpha subfamily belongs to the vinculin superfamily. Catenins link the transmembrane protein cadherin to the cytoskeleton and thus function in cell-cell adhesion. To date, only the beta subfamily has been evolutionarily analyzed and experimentally studied for its functions in signaling pathways, development and human diseases such as cancer. We present a detailed evolutionary study of the whole catenin family to provide a better understanding of how this family has evolved in metazoans, and by extension, the evolution of cell-cell adhesion.

Results
All three catenin subfamilies have been detected in metazoans used in the present study by searching public databases and applying species-specific BLAST searches. Two monophyletic clades are formed between beta and p120 subfamilies using Bayesian phylogenetic inference. Phylogenetic analyses also reveal an array of duplication events throughout metazoan history. Furthermore, numerous annotation issues for the catenin family have been detected by our computational analyses.

Conclusions
Delta2/ARVCF catenin in the p120 subfamily, beta catenin in the beta subfamily, and alpha2 catenin in the alpha subfamily are present in all metazoans analyzed. This implies that the last common ancestor of metazoans had these three catenin subfamilies. However, not all members within each subfamily were detected in all metazoan species. Each subfamily has undergone duplications at different levels (species-specific, subphylum-specific or phylum-specific) and to different extents (in the case of the number of homologs). Extensive annotation problems have been resolved in each of the three catenin subfamilies. This resolution provides a more coherent description of catenin evolution.
A genetic linkage map and comparative mapping of the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) genome
Authors: McGraw Lisa A , Davis Jamie K , Young Larry J , Thomas James W 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) is an emerging rodent model for investigating the genetics, evolution and molecular mechanisms of social behavior. Though a karyotype for the prairie vole has been reported and low-resolution comparative cytogenetic analyses have been done in this species, other basic genetic resources for this species, such as a genetic linkage map, are lacking.ResultsHere we report the construction of a genome-wide linkage map of the prairie vole. The linkage map consists of 406 markers that are spaced on average every 7 Mb and span an estimated ~90% of the genome. The sex average length of the linkage map is 1707 cM, which, like other Muroid rodent linkage maps, is on the lower end of the length distribution of linkage maps reported to date for placental mammals. Linkage groups were assigned to 19 out of the 26 prairie vole autosomes as well as the X chromosome. Comparative analyses of the prairie vole linkage map based on the location of 387 Type I markers identified 61 large blocks of synteny with the mouse genome. In addition, the results of the comparative analyses revealed a potential elevated rate of inversions in the prairie vole lineage compared to the laboratory mouse and rat.ConclusionsA genetic linkage map of the prairie vole has been constructed and represents the fourth genome-wide high-resolution linkage map reported for Muroid rodents and the first for a member of the Arvicolinae sub-family. This resource will advance studies designed to dissect the genetic basis of a variety of social behaviors and other traits in the prairie vole as well as our understanding of genome evolution in the genusMicrotus.
A fixed point of generalized T
F
-contraction mappings in cone metric spaces
Authors: Khojasteh Farshid , Razani Abdolrahman , Moradi Sirous 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper, the existence of a fixed point for T
F
-contractive mappings on complete metric spaces and cone metric spaces is proved, where T : X → X is a one to one and closed graph function and F : P → P is non-decreasing and right continuous, with F-1(0) = {-0} and F(t
n
) → 0 implies t
n
→ 0. Our results, extend previous results given by Meir and Keeler (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 28, 326-329, 1969), Branciari (Int. J. Math. sci. 29, 531-536, 2002), Suzuki (J. Math. Math. Sci. 2007), Rezapour et al. (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 345, 719-724, 2010), Moradi et al. (Iran. J. Math. Sci. Inf. 5, 25-32, 2010) and Khojasteh et al. (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2010).MSC(2000): 47H10; 54H25; 28B05.
Representation of Multiplication Facts-Evidence for partial verbal coding
Authors: Moeller Korbinian , Klein Elise , Fischer Martin H , Nuerk Hans-Christoph , Willmes Klaus 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
The current view in numerical cognition research is that multiplication facts are stored and retrieved in a phonological code. Consistent with this view, it was found that multiplication could be impaired by a phonological but not by a visuo-spatial loading task. However, because the authors used an active production task, it remained unclear whether concurrent articulation impaired either access to multiplication facts or their retrieval.

Methods
In the current study, we investigated the influence of concurrent articulation on multiplication fact knowledge without active production of multiplication results.

Results
In a number bisection task, number triplets, which are part of a multiplication table, were classified faster as being correctly bisected than other triplets. Interestingly, concurrent articulation led to a relative slowing of the multiplicative triplets which reduced the multiplicativity effect.

Conclusions
This result indicates that concurrent articulation modulates access to phonologically stored multiplication facts and corroborates the notion of multiplication facts being represented in an at least partially verbal code.
Bath Breakfast Project (BBP) - Examining the role of extended daily fasting in human energy balance and associated health outcomes: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN31521726]
Authors: Betts James A , Thompson Dylan , Richardson Judith D , Chowdhury Enhad A , Jeans Matthew , Holman Geoffrey D , Tsintzas Kostas 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Background
Current guidance regarding the role of daily breakfast in human health is largely grounded in cross-sectional observations. However, the causal nature of these relationships has not been fully explored and what limited information is emerging from controlled laboratory-based experiments appears inconsistent with much existing data. Further progress in our understanding therefore requires a direct examination of how daily breakfast impacts human health under free-living conditions.

Methods/Design
The Bath Breakfast Project (BBP) is a randomised controlled trial comparing the effects of daily breakfast consumption relative to extended fasting on energy balance and human health. Approximately 70 men and women will undergo extensive laboratory-based assessments of their acute metabolic responses under fasted and post-prandial conditions, to include: resting metabolic rate, substrate oxidation, dietary-induced thermogenesis and systemic concentrations of key metabolites/hormones. Physiological and psychological indices of appetite will also be monitored both over the first few hours of the day (i.e. whether fed or fasted) and also following a standardised test lunch used to assess voluntary energy intake under controlled conditions. Baseline measurements of participants' anthropometric characteristics (e.g. DEXA) will be recorded prior to intervention, along with an oral glucose tolerance test and acquisition of adipose tissue samples to determine expression of key genes and estimates of tissue-specific insulin action. Participants will then be randomly assigned either to a group prescribed an energy intake of ≥3000 kJ before 1100 each day or a group to extend their overnight fast by abstaining from ingestion of energy-providing nutrients until 1200 each day, with all laboratory-based measurements followed-up 6 weeks later. Free-living assessments of energy intake (via direct weighed food diaries) and energy expenditure (via combined heart-rate/accelerometry) will be made during the first and last week of intervention, with continuous glucose monitors worn both to document chronic glycaemic responses to the intervention and to verify compliance.

Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN31521726.
Atypical burkitt's lymphoma transforming from follicular lymphoma
Authors: Hwang Yu Y , Loong Florence , Chung Lap P , Chim Chor S 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Amongst follicular lymphoma that transforms into a high-grade lymphoma, majority are diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Here we reported a rare atypical Burkitt's lymphoma transformation from an asymptomatic follicular lymphoma. Lymph node biopsy showed a composite lymphoma with infiltration of the inter-follicular areas by high grade small non-cleaved lymphoma cells amongst neoplastic follicles. Moreover, FISH and molecular genetic study confirmed concomitant MYC translocations and t(14;18) in the high-grade component, thereby suggesting the transformation of atypical Burkitt's lymphoma from an undiagnosed antecedent follicular lymphoma. The disease followed an aggressive clinical course, terminating in refractory disease 13 months after diagnosis. This is followed by a comprehensive review of the literature on lymphoma transformations from underlying follicular lymphoma after acquisition of MYC translocation, using Burkitt's lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, transformation and MYC translocations as keywords.
Should patents for antiretrovirals be waived in the developing world? Annual varsity medical debate - London, 21 January 2011
Authors: Corrick Fenella , Watson Robert , Budhdeo Sanjay 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The 2011 Varsity Medical Debate, between Oxford and Cambridge Universities, brought students and faculty together to discuss the waiving of patents for antiretroviral therapies in the developing world. With an estimated 29.5 million infected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in low- and middle-income countries and only 5.3 million of those being treated, the effective and equitable distribution of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is an issue of great importance. The debate centred around three areas of contention. Firstly, there was disagreement about whether patents were the real barrier to the access of anti-retroviral therapy in the developing world. Secondly, there were differing views on the effectiveness of a patent pool. Thirdly, concerns were raised over the impact of waiving patents on research to produce new and better anti retro-viral drugs.
The membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A (MS4A) gene cluster contains a common variant associated with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Antúnez Carmen , Boada Mercè , González-Pérez Antonio , Gayán Javier , Ramírez-Lorca Reposo , Marín Juan , Hernández Isabel , Moreno-Rey Concha , Morón Francisco Jesús , López-Arrieta Jesús , Mauleón Ana , Rosende-Roca Maitée , Noguera-Perea Fuensanta , Legaz-García Agustina , Vivancos-Moreau Laura , Velasco Juan , Carrasco José Miguel , Alegret Montserrat , Antequera-Torres Martirio , Manzanares Salvadora , Romo Alejandro , Blanca Irene , Ruiz Susana , Espinosa Anna , Castaño Sandra , García Blanca , Martínez-Herrada Begoña , Vinyes Georgina , Lafuente Asunción , Becker James T , Galán José Jorge , Serrano-Ríos Manuel ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Vázquez Enrique , Tárraga Lluís , Sáez María Eugenia , López Oscar L , Real Luis Miguel , Ruiz Agustín 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Background
In order to identify novel loci associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the Spanish population.

Methods
We genotyped 1,128 individuals using the Affymetrix Nsp I 250K chip. A sample of 327 sporadic AD patients and 801 controls with unknown cognitive status from the Spanish general population were included in our initial study. To increase the power of the study, we combined our results with those of four other public GWAS datasets by applying identical quality control filters and the same imputation methods, which were then analyzed with a global meta-GWAS. A replication sample with 2,200 sporadic AD patients and 2,301 controls was genotyped to confirm our GWAS findings.

Results
Meta-analysis of our data and independent replication datasets allowed us to confirm a novel genome-wide significant association of AD with the membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A (MS4A) gene cluster (rs1562990, P = 4.40E-11, odds ratio = 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 0.91, n = 10,181 cases and 14,341 controls).

Conclusions
Our results underscore the importance of international efforts combining GWAS datasets to isolate genetic loci for complex diseases.
Prediction of Nonlinear Production Performance in Waterflooding Project Using a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Han Yumi , Park Changhyup , Kang Joe M. 
Published: July 2011

The paper presents a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm applied to history matching of waterflooding projects, which is to search a feasible set of geological properties showing the reliable future performance. Typical history matching has concentrated on single objective function with linearly weighted terms, even as a realistic field includes many wells and well measurements in time and type. The optimal solution is sensitive to weight factor and competing match criteria of individual term in the objective function often reduce the likelihood of finding an acceptable match. The unacceptable error at a specified well can be observed in a heterogeneous reservoir where shows nonlinear well performances. To overcome the inaccuracy, a new history matching approach is developed that allows the performance characteristics of the whole wells. Individual well performance is optimized separately using genetic algorithm coupled with non-dominated sorting and diversity preservation. The fitness is sorted along to the proximity and then the diversity is added by examining the crowding distance as the approach to arrive at the global optimum. Waterflooding is demonstrated in a heterogeneous oil reservoir with multiple production wells. The predictability of unknown future production performance is compared with that of single objective function, the conventional history matching method. The model represents individualized well-performance more accurately than the conventional history matching. It improves a certainty of the conventional model by showing small error range. The selection of adequate set of reservoir properties is possible among the feasible solutions unlike the conventional model. The developed method can be applied as a useful tool for uncertainty analyses in waterflooding projects.
Predictors of Helping Profession Choice and Volunteerism Among Siblings of Adults With Mild Intellectual Deficits
Authors: Taylor Julie Lounds , Shivers Carolyn M. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
This study examined aspects of the sibling relationship that predicted helping profession choice and volunteerism in siblings of individuals with mild intellectual deficits at 3 points in adulthood: their mid-30s, early 50s, and mid-60s. The 393 respondents were from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, a prospective, longitudinal study following participants from ages 18 to 64 years. Being an only sibling predicted greater helping profession choice for female but not male siblings. Being older than the brother or sister with mild intellectual deficits as well as having more contact with and feeling closer to that brother or sister predicted more volunteerism for female but not for male siblings. Earlier measures of contact and closeness were better predictors of volunteerism than concurrent measures.
Association Between Fatigue and Autistic Symptoms in Children With Cri du Chat Syndrome
Authors: Claro Anthony , Cornish Kim , Gruber Reut 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn the current study, the authors examined whether the fatigue level of children diagnosed with cri du chat syndrome was associated with the expression of autistic symptoms. Sixty-nine children with cri du chat syndrome were compared with 47 children with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities who did not differ on intellectual severity. Participants were assessed using the Infant Sleep Questionnaire (J. M. B. Morrell, 1999) for fatigue-level rating and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (E. Schopler, R. J. Reichler, & B. R. Renner, 1988) for autism-level rating. In support of the authors' hypothesis, results indicated that children who exhibited high levels of fatigue were more likely to express high levels of autistic symptoms. Contrary to the authors' hypothesis, children in the comparison group who exhibited high levels of fatigue conferred the greatest vulnerability to the expression of autistic symptoms.
Moving From Family Care to Residential and Supported Accommodation: National, Longitudinal Study of People With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: McConkey Roy , Kelly Fionnola , Mannan Hasheem , Craig Sarah 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA cohort of nearly 11,000 persons was traced over 8 years to determine those who had moved from family care and those who had remained. The majority (85%) continued to live with families, and, for two thirds (67%), no future move was deemed necessary. The 2 main predictors of moving were as follows: A need had been previously recorded and the family had used out-of-home respite services during the 8 years. However, just one quarter of those identified as needing to move had done so in the 8 years. Conversely, no prior indication of need had been recorded for two thirds of people who had moved in this period. The complexities of assessing need and equitably meeting demands are discussed.
Designs and Analyses of Psychotropic and Behavioral Interventions for the Treatment of Problem Behavior Among People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Courtemanche Andrea B. , Schroeder Stephen R. , Sheldon Jan B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA combination of behavioral and medication-based interventions has been the most effective form of treatment for reducing problem behavior in individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Evaluating the 2 types of interventions in combination and separately may require that researchers adapt methods traditionally used to evaluate drug interventions for individuals without disabilities. Some methodological difficulties that arise when evaluating drug treatments with this population include the withholding of treatment from control groups, identifying large homogeneous samples of participants, predicting individual clinical responsiveness, and many others. The purpose of this article is to summarize the methodological problems that arise when studying drug–behavior interactions among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and to suggest alternative methods that may ameliorate these issues.
Dynamics of septin ring and collar formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chen Hsin , Howell Audrey S. , Robeson Alex , Lew Daniel J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Although the septin ring and collar in budding yeast were described over 20 years ago, there is still controversy regarding the organization of septin filaments within these structures and about the way in which the ring first forms and about how it converts into a collar at the mother-bud neck. Here we present quantitative analyses of the recruitment of fluorescently-tagged septins to the ring and collar through the cell cycle. Septin ring assembly began several minutes after polarity establishment and this interval was longer in daughter than in mother cells, suggesting asymmetric inheritance of septin regulators. Septins formed an initial faint and irregular ring, which became more regular as septins were recruited at a constant rate. This steady rate of septin recruitment continued for several minutes after the ring converted to a collar at bud emergence. We did not detect a stepwise change in septin fluorescence during the ring-to-collar transition. After collar formation, septins continued to accumulate at the bud neck, though at a reduced rate, until the onset of cytokinesis when the amount of neck-localized septins rapidly decreased. Implications for the mechanism of septin ring assembly are discussed.
Lignocellulosic biorefinery: process integration of hydrolysis and fermentation (SSF process)
Authors: Poth Sebastian , Monzon Magaly , Tippkötter Nils , Ulber Roland 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The aim of the present work is the process integration and the optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis of wood and the following fermentation of the products to ethanol. The substrate is a fiber fraction obtained by organosolv pre-treatment of beech wood. For the ethanol production, a co-fermentation by two different yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pachysolen tannophilus) was carried out to convert glucose as well as xylose. Two approaches has been followed: 1. A two step process, in which the hydrolysis of the fiber fraction and the fermentation to product are separated from each other. 2. A process, in which the hydrolysis and the fermentation are carried out in one single process step as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Following the first approach, a yield of about 0.15 g ethanol per gram substrate can be reached. Based on the SSF, one process step can be saved, and additionally, the gained yield can be raised up to 0.3 g ethanol per gram substrate.
Changes in chemistry, color, dimensional stability and fungal resistance of Pinus radiata D. Don wood with oil heat-treatment
Authors: Dubey Manoj Kumar , Pang Shusheng , Walker John 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Pinus radiata wood specimens were heat-treated at 160–210°C in linseed oil and the effects of treatment on chemical composition, color, dimensional stability, and fungal resistance were examined. The degradation of hemicelluloses was the most remarkable feature, which is the principal reason for alterations in wood properties. Removal or migration of extractives, oil uptake and the accumulation of oil on the wood surface were observed. The color of heat-treated wood became more uniform and darker, and its dimensional stability (i.e., anti-swelling efficiency) and fungal resistance were improved by up to 60% and 36%, respectively. The viscosity of the oil after treatment was elevated with the treatment temperature and was higher in comparison to heated oil without wood present.
Zeitgeschichte im digitalen Zeitalter. Neue und alte Herausforderungen
Authors: Patel Kiran Klaus 
Published: July 2011

Vorspann
Wer archiviert die SMS von Angela Merkel? Was geschieht mit dem E-Mail-Verkehr großer Unternehmen? Die Zeitgeschichte steht im digitalen Zeitalter vor vielen solchen Fragen und Herausforderungen. Die Quellen und nicht zuletzt ihre Verfügbarkeit ändern sich, neue methodische Zugriffe sind unabweisbar, ohne dass alte ihre Bedeutung verlieren. Die Zeitgeschichte steht vor einer Zeitenwende – und merkt es nicht, so der in Maastricht lehrende Historiker Kiran Klaus Patel in seinem Plädoyer für eine umfassende Debatte über die Grundlagen der Zeitgeschichte.