bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Juvenile homicide: A growing national problem
Authors: Cornell Dewey G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractArrests for juvenile homicide more than doubled from 1984 to 1991. The present study examined offense characteristics for a national sample of 2,400 juvenile homicide offenders listed in the FBI Supplemental Homicide Reports for 1984 or 1991. Analyses indicate that the largest increases in juvenile homicide can be found among minority males using handguns to kill acquaintances. Juvenile homicides committed in the course of another crime (such as robbery or drug deal) have increased over 200%, while homicides precipitated by an interpersonal conflict with the victim have increased 83%. In comparison to adults, juvenile homicide offenders are much more likely to use a handgun and to act with an accomplice. These results highlight the association between handguns and juvenile homicide.
A three‐tiered approach to the rehabilitation of incarcerated sex offenders
Authors: Marshall W. L. , Eccles A. , Barbaree H. E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA description is provided of a program for dealing with convicted sex offenders. This program includes: incarceration and treatment of high risk offenders in maximum and medium security institutions; movement of successfully treated offenders and lower risk offenders to a less extensive treatment program in a minimum security jail; and then release to the community where offenders are reassessed and treated, while they begin supervised implementation of a relapse prevention plan. The evidence suggests that this overall approach is not only effective in reducing recidivism, but also cost‐effective in reducing the expense to society of dealing with reoffenders.
National Clinical Nursing Guideline for Identifying and Intervening in Child Maltreatment within the Family in Finland
Authors: Paavilainen Eija , Flinck Aune 
Published: May 2012

The purpose of this article is to present the clinical nursing guideline we developed to help nurses to identify and intervene in child maltreatment, defined as physical and psychological abuse and neglect. The guideline is based on a review of 77 research articles and review and discussion papers searched systematically from databases. According to this review, child maltreatment is associated with risk factors which may manifest themselves in the child, the parents or in the whole family. Knowledge and assessment of these risk factors are of the utmost importance. Particular attention needs to be paid to the accumulation of risks in the family. Physical and other signs caused by maltreatment are central to the identification of maltreatment. Important opportunities for identification and intervention are home visits to families with children, and during clinic visits, with questions and discussion about child‐rearing practices, the parents' or carers' relationship and violence which might be present in family life.‘Particular attention needs to be paid to the accumulation of risks in the family’The guideline summarises the most compelling multidisciplinary research evidence in order to make recommendations which guide nurses and other professionals on providing care to families with children and in developing identification and intervention practices. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner MessagesThe guideline is based on a systematic review which presents research evidence for developing identification and intervention practices concerning child maltreatment.Important issues are the occurrence of risk factors, signs of maltreatment in a child and methods of identification and intervention.Next steps are implementing the knowledge into multiprofessional practice and evaluating its usefulness by further research.
Single image summarization of 3D animation using depth images
Authors: Lee Hwan‐Jik , Shin Hyun Joon , Choi Jung‐Ju 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe propose a new image‐space technique to summarize a 3D animation sequence into a single image by using the depth information of the animation. The proposed method extracts important frames from the animation sequence, where the important frames are representative of the sequence and keep the complexity of a composed image as simple as possible. Assuming that the input sequence consists of a set of images with depth information, we construct a composite depth image and its gradient image. We evaluate the importance of each frame by its amount of contribution to the gradient of the composite depth image. The frames of higher importance are located more likely at which the motion of a moving object reaches the extreme positions, the fastest speed, and the slowest speed in image space. From the most important frames to the least ones, we recursively compose the important frames into a single composite image while keeping the complexity of the composite image by evaluating the amount of self‐overlap. The threshold value for the amount of overlap allows a user to control interactively the visual complexity of the composed image. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Position‐based facial animation synthesis
Authors: Fratarcangeli Marco 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe propose an integrated facial dynamics model addressing the animation of 3D humanoid faces in real time. The computational model mimics facial motion by reproducing the layered anatomical structure of a human head including the bony structure, overlapping facial muscles and the skin. The model is flexible enough to animate face meshes of various shape, connectivity, and scale. Different from previously proposed approaches based on mass–spring networks, overshooting problems are avoided by simulating the dynamics through a position‐based scheme, which allows for real‐time performance, control, and robustness. Experiments demonstrate that convincing expressive facial animation can be interactively prototyped on consumer class platforms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Chemical System Solution for Acid Gas Removal
Authors: Rolker Jörn , Lenormant Thibaut , Seiler Matthias 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAn energy‐efficient absorbent formulation for separating acid gases (e.g. CO2, H2S) from gas streams such as natural gas, syngas or flue gas is important for a number of industrial applications. In many cases, a substantial share of their costs is driven by the operational expenditure (OPEX) of the CO2 separation unit. One possible strategy for reducing OPEX is the improvement of the absorbent performance. Although a number of absorbents for the separation of CO2 from gas streams exist, there is still a need to develop CO2 absorbents with an improved absorption performance, less corrosion and foaming, no nitrosamine formation, lower energy requirement and therefore less OPEX. Selected performance results of a new family of amine‐based CO2 absorbents are summarized. High cyclic capacities in the range of 2.9 to 3.2 mol CO2 kg–1 absorbent and low absorption enthalpies of about –30 kJ mol–1 allow for significant savings in the regeneration energy of the absorbent. Calculations with the modified Kremser model indicated a reduction in the specific reboiler heat duty of 45 %. Furthermore, the absorbents developed show much lower corrosion rates than state‐of‐the‐art solutions that are currently employed.
Lineage tracing of the endoderm during oral development
Authors: Rothova Michaela , Thompson Hannah , Lickert Heiko , Tucker Abigail S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground: The contribution of the endoderm to the oral tissues of the head has been debated for many years. With the arrival of Cre/LoxP technology endoderm progenitor cells can now be genetically labeled and tissues derived from the endoderm traced. Using Sox17‐2A‐iCre/Rosa26 reporter mice we have followed the fate of the endoderm in the teeth, glands, and taste papillae of the oral cavity. Results: No contribution of the endoderm was observed at any stage of tooth development, or in development of the major salivary glands, in the reporter mouse during development. In contrast, the minor mucous glands of the tongue were found to be of endodermal origin, along with the circumvallate papilla and foliate papillae. The mucous minor salivary glands of the palate, however, were of mixed ectodermal and endodermal origin. Conclusions: In contrast to urodele studies, the epithelium of murine teeth is derived solely from the ectoderm. The border between the ectoderm‐ and endoderm‐derived epithelium may play a role in determining the position of the lingual glands and taste buds, and may explain differences observed between taste buds in the anterior and posterior part of the tongue. Developmental Dynamics 241:1183–1191, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Binge eating disorder in elderly individuals
Authors: Guerdjikova Anna I. , O'Melia Anne M. , Mori Nicole , McCoy Jessica , McElroy Susan L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective:To preliminarily describe the clinical features of elderly individuals with binge eating disorder (BED).Method:The psychological and general medical characteristics of 20 elderly individuals (65 years of age and older) who met DSM‐IV‐TR for BED were systematically evaluated.Results:Elderly individuals with BED reported an average (SD) of 4.5 (2.9) binge eating episodes per week. Weight and shape concerns were of significant importance for participants' schema for self‐evaluation. Mood disorders were the most frequent co‐occurring psychiatric disorders. Despite having a mean (SD) body mass index of 36.4 (10.6), most participants presented in good general medical health.Discussion:Regarding eating pathology, psychiatric comorbidity, and associated obesity, BED in this group of elderly individuals was similar to BED in younger adults. However, other than presenting with obesity, the participants reported good general medical health. BED might be a problem for a subset of physically healthy elderly individuals. Studies further examining psychiatric and medical presentation, including metabolic profile, of elderly individuals with BED may be warranted. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012;45:905–908)
The 4‐(Dimethylamino) benzaldehyde‐4‐ethylthiosemicarbazone as Ionophore for Mercury(II) Solid State Selective Electrode
Authors: Tahir Tara Fuad , Salhin Abdussalam , Saad Bahruddin , Ab Ghani Sulaiman 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHg(II) has formed a soluble complex with 4‐(dimethylamino) benzaldehyde‐4‐ethylthiosemicarbazone (DMABET) in methanol with a molar ratio of mercury(II):DMABET of 1 : 4. The formation constant (Kf) and Gibbs free energy (▵G) of the complex showed that the formation of the complex was favorable. The DMABET was investigated as ionophore for Hg(II)‐ion selective electrode (ISE). At optimum pH 1–5 the proposed Hg(II)‐ISE showed an almost Nernstian slope at 27.8±1 mV, with linear regression coefficient, R2=0.995 and a detection limit of 5×10−6 M. There was no serious interference from silver(I) with selectivity coefficient 5.69×10−3. The electrode life span was more than 3 months. It has been applied for real water sample analysis and the results were in good agreement with the standard method.
A model to simulate special concentrically braced frames beyond brace fracture
Authors: Hsiao Po‐Chien , Lehman Dawn E. , Roeder Charles W. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYSpecial concentrically braced frames (SCBFs) are commonly used as the lateral‐load resisting system in buildings. SCBFs primarily sustain large deformation demands through inelastic action in the brace, including compression buckling and tension yielding; secondary yielding may occur in the gusset plate and framing elements. The preferred failure mode is brace fracture. Yielding, buckling, and fracture behavior results in highly nonlinear behavior and accurate analytical modeling of these frames is required. Prior research has shown that continuum models are capable of this level of simulation. However, those models are not suitable for structural engineering practice. To enable the use of accurate yet practical nonlinear models, a research study was undertaken to investigate modeling parameters for line‐element models, which is a more practical modeling approach. This portion of the study focused on methods to predict brace fracture. A fracture modeling approach simulated the nonlinear, cyclic response of SCBFs by correlating onset of fracture to the maximum strain range in the brace. The model accounts for important brace design parameters including slenderness, compactness, and yield strength. Fracture data from over 40 tests was used to calibrate the model and included single‐brace component, single story frame, and full‐scale multistory frame specimens. The proposed fracture model is more accurate and simpler than other, previously proposed models. As a result, the proposed model is an ideal candidate for practical performance simulation of SCBFs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐frequency sediment transport responses on a vegetated foredune
Authors: Davidson‐Arnott R. G. D. , Bauer B. O. , Walker I. J. , Hesp P. A. , Ollerhead J. , Chapman C. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWind flow and sand transport intensity were measured on the seaward slope of a vegetated foredune during a 16 h storm using an array of sonic anemometers and Wenglor laser particle counters. The foredune had a compound seaward slope with a wave‐cut scarp about 0.5 m high separating the upper vegetated portion from the lower dune ramp, which was bare of vegetation. Wind direction veered from obliquely offshore at the start of the event to obliquely onshore during the storm peak and finally to directly onshore during the final 2 h as wind speed dropped to below threshold. Sand transport was initially inhibited by a brief period of rain at the start of the event but as the surface dried and wind speed increased sand transport was initiated over the entire seaward slope. Transport intensity was quite variable both temporally and spatially on the upper slope as a result of fluctuating wind speed and direction, but overall magnitudes were similar over the whole length. Ten‐minute average transport intensity correlates strongly with mean wind speed measured at the dune crest, and there is also strong correlation between instantaneous wind speed and transport intensity measured at the same locations when the data are smoothed with a 10 s running mean. Transport on the beach for onshore winds is decoupled from that on the seaward slope above the small scarp when the wind angle is highly oblique, but for wind angles <45° from shore perpendicular some sand is transported onto the lower slope. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution of the uplink multipaths’ arrival delay and azimuth‐elevation arrival angle because of ‘bad urban’ scatterers distributed cylindrically above the mobile
Authors: Olenko Andriy Yakovych , Wong Kainam Thomas , Qasmi Sajjad Ahmed 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTFor radiowave landmobile cellular wireless communication in ‘bad urban’ environments dominated by high rises, this paper analytically derives closed‐form expressions for the trivariate and bivariate joint distributions of the time‐of‐arrival and two‐dimensional azimuth‐elevation direction‐of‐arrival of the uplink multipaths. These expressions are explicitly in terms of the parameters of a ‘geometrical’ model of the three‐dimensional spatial relationships among the mobile station, the scatterers and the base station. This present ‘geometric model’ idealises the scatterers as uniformly located within the volume of a three‐dimensional vertical above‐ground cylinder whose flat bottom circular base centres at the mobile. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resection of hepatocellular cancer ≤2 cm: Results from two Western centers
Authors: Roayaie Sasan , Obeidat Khaled , Sposito Carlo , Mariani Luigi , Bhoori Sherrie , Pellegrinelli Alessandro , Labow Daniel , Llovet Josep M. , Schwartz Myron , Mazzaferro Vincenzo 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Asian series have shown a 5-year survival rate of ≈70% after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≤2 cm. Western outcomes with resection have not been as good. In addition, ablation of HCC ≤2 cm has been shown to achieve competitive results, leaving the role of resection in these patients unclear. Records of patients undergoing resection at two Western centers between January 1990 and December 2009 were reviewed. Patients with a single HCC ≤2 cm on pathologic analysis were included. Thirty clinical variables including demographics, liver function, tumor characteristics, nature of the surgery, and the surrounding liver were examined. An exploratory statistical analysis was conducted to determine variables associated with recurrence and survival. The study included 132 patients with a median follow-up of 37.5 months. There was one (<1%) 90-day mortality. There were 32 deaths with a median survival of 74.5 months and a 5-year survival rate of 70% (63% in patients with cirrhosis). The median time to recurrence was 31.6 months and the 5-year recurrence rate was 68%. Presence of satellites (hazard ratio [HR], 2.46;

P

= 0.031) and platelet count <150,000/μL (HR, 2.37;

P

= 0.026) were independently associated with survival. Presence of satellites (HR, 2.79;

P

= 0.003), cirrhosis (HR, 2.3;

P

= 0.010), and nonanatomic resection (HR, 1.79;

P

= 0.031) were independently associated with recurrence. Patients with a single HCC ≤2 cm and platelet count ≥150,000/μL achieved a median survival of 138 months and a 5-year survival rate of 81%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Resection of HCC ≤2 cm is safe and achieves excellent results in Western centers. Recurrence continues to be a significant problem. Presence of satellites, platelet count, anatomic resection, and cirrhosis are associated with outcomes after resection, even among such early tumors. Resection should continue to be considered a primary treatment modality in patients with small HCC and well-preserved liver function.
Characterizing organizations as service systems
Authors: Lyons Kelly , Tracy Stephen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOver the past 50 years, the service sector has grown in most advanced industrialized economies to be the dominant economic activity. Researchers are working to understand service activities and define scientific concepts and methods of service under an emerging research area called service science. Service is defined as the application of competence and knowledge to create value. Value is realized through interactions and cocreation among service systems. Service systems vary in scope (from individuals to businesses, organizations, governments, and nations) and adapt dynamically and connect to other service systems through value propositions. The service system has been proposed as an abstraction for service science, and yet it is not clear how to characterize a given organization as a service system. In this article, we present a review of literature on service system concepts and define a service system framework developed from the literature that can be used to characterize an organization as a service system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of proton and sodium ions in energy transduction by respiratory complex I
Authors: Batista Ana P. , Marreiros Bruno C. , Pereira Manuela M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRespiratory complex I plays a central role in energy transduction. It catalyzes the oxidation of NADH and the reduction of quinone, coupled to cation translocation across the membrane, thereby establishing an electrochemical potential. For more than half a century, data on complex I has been gathered, including recently determined crystal structures, yet complex I is the least understood complex of the respiratory chain. The mechanisms of quinone reduction, charge translocation and their coupling are still unknown. The H+ is accepted to be the coupling ion of the system; however, Na+ has also been suggested to perform such a role. In this article, we address the relation of those two ions with complex I and refer ion pump and Na+/H+ antiporter as possible transport mechanisms of the system. We put forward a hypothesis to explain some apparently contradictory data on the nature of the coupling ion, and we revisit the role of H+ and Na+ cycles in the overall bioenergetics of the cell. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2012
Branched‐chain amino acid deficiency stabilizes insulin‐induced vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Miuma Satoshi , Ichikawa Tatsuki , Arima Kazuhiko , Takeshita Shigeyuki , Muraoka Toru , Matsuzaki Toshihisa , Ootani Masashi , Shibata Hidetaka , Akiyama Motohisa , Ozawa Eisuke , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Taura Naota , Takeshima Fuminao , Nakao Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAbnormal sugar metabolism is closely related to chronic liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously reported that fasting hyperinsulinemia is a poor prognostic factor for HCC patients. A recent large‐scale study has shown that long‐term administration of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) reduces the risk of HCC development in obese cirrhotic patients who have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, although the mechanism by which it does so is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in HepG2 cells under high‐insulin culture conditions, and examined the effect of BCAA on VEGF expression. VEGF secretion was significantly increased by 200 nM of insulin under BCAA deficient conditions, but it was repressed by the addition of BCAA. BCAA activated the mTOR pathway and increase HIF‐1α expression under high‐insulin culture conditions, however quantitative PCR analysis showed that insulin‐induced expression of VEGF mRNAs (VEGF121 and VEGF165) decreased 2 h after the addition of BCAA. The half‐lives of both VEGF121 and 165 mRNAs were shortened in the presence of BCAA compared to the absence of BCAA. Therefore it is thought that BCAA regulate VEGF expression mainly at the post‐transcriptional level. We also examined which of the Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine components of BCAA were essential for VEGF mRNA degradation. All three BCAA components were required for acceleration of insulin‐induced VEGF mRNA degradation. These results suggest that administration of BCAA may downregulate VEGF expression in patients who have hyperinsulinemia and are in the process of developing HCC. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3113–3121, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increasing PAH (bio)accessibility in historically PAH‐contaminated soils: waste versus food‐grade oils
Authors: Scherr Kerstin E. , Hasinger Marion , Loibner Andreas P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Vegetable oils are used as environmentally friendly and cost‐efficient amendments for the treatment of contaminated soils, primarily as solvents for the mobilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In the present study, the efficacies of food‐grade and of waste oils, i.e. thermally ‘abused’ cooking oils, in increasing physical and potential microbial accessibility of soil‐sorbed PAH were evaluated.RESULTS: Abused oils were found to be slightly less efficient for PAH mobilization than their unheated counterparts. After 168 h of extraction, residual concentrations amounted to between 5% and 20% of initial PAH (16 EPA‐compounds). The non‐bioaccessible PAH fraction was reduced by up to 84% using canola or sunflower oil in a bioaccessibility‐limited soil. For all oils, removal efficacy increased with PAH hydrophobicity, including the carcinogenic Benzo(a)pyrene. Simple octanol‐, soil organic carbon–and triolein–water partitioning coefficients did not serve to explain these observations. Increased oil viscosity induced by heating appears to be the priming factor in decreasing extraction efficacy rather than a profound change in the oil constituents' molecular properties, as expressed by Hildebrand solubility parameters.CONCLUSION: The present results show that waste vegetable oils can be used efficiently for the extractive or biological treatment of PAH‐contaminated soils, offering a cost‐efficient and sensible alternative for the use of foodstuff. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry