bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of gas‐assisted injection molding parameters on the structure and thermomechanical properties of hollow parts
Authors: Gnatowski Adam , Stachowiak Tomasz 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe purpose of the work was to estimate an influence of gas‐assisted injection conditions (the temperature of plastic material, switch time‐delay time, gas injection time) of shape, position and dimension of gas channel, and structure of injection molded parts. The change in the value of the dynamic Young modulus and the mechanical loss tangent in function of temperature and oscillation frequency by the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) method was determined. It was found that injection molding parameters: injection molding temperature, switching time and gas injection time influenced significantly mass, wall thickness, and thermomechanical properties of parts. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Core–shell nanogels by RAFT crosslinking polymerization: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Picos‐Corrales Lorenzo A. , Licea‐Claveríe Angel , Arndt Karl‐Friedrich 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA synthetic methodology is described for the preparation of core–shell nanogels by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer. Well‐defined macro chain transfer agents (macro‐CTA's) were prepared in a first step using monomers that yield sensitive polymers. In the second step, a crosslinker alone or with the addition of a functionalized comonomer were used to form a crosslinked core. The ratio of crosslinker to macro‐CTA is crucial to yield nanogels. Furthermore, the polymerization time has an impact in the architecture of the nanomaterial obtained: it evolves from a core‐crosslinked star to a core–shell nanogel. Controlling the molecular weight of the macro‐CTA and the type of comonomer in the core forming step, core–shell nanogels with hydrodynamic diameters from 22 to 168 nm and a core that represents from 35 to 77% of the size, were prepared containing functional groups in the core which could be used as catalytic scaffolds. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012.
Comparison of designed and randomly generated catalysts for simple chemical reactions
Authors: Kipnis Yakov , Baker David 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThere has been recent success in designing enzymes for simple chemical reactions using a two‐step protocol. In the first step, a geometric matching algorithm is used to identify naturally occurring protein scaffolds at which predefined idealized active sites can be realized. In the second step, the residues surrounding the transition state model are optimized to increase transition state binding affinity and to bolster the primary catalytic side chains. To improve the design methodology, we investigated how the set of solutions identified by the design calculations relate to the overall set of solutions for two different chemical reactions. Using a TIM barrel scaffold in which catalytically active Kemp eliminase and retroaldolase designs were obtained previously, we carried out activity screens of random libraries made to be compositionally similar to active designs. A small number of active catalysts were found in screens of 103 variants for each of the two reactions, which differ from the computational designs in that they reuse charged residues already present in the native scaffold. The results suggest that computational design considerably increases the frequency of catalyst generation for active sites involving newly introduced catalytic residues, highlighting the importance of interaction cooperativity in enzyme active sites.
Impact of annealing on morphology and thermal stability of Bi2O3 nanotube‐based microarchitectures
Authors: Lu Hongbing , Dong Binghai , Wang Shimin , Zhao Li , Xu Zuxun , Wan Li , Li Jinchai 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBi2O3 nanostructures with high surface‐to‐volume ratio are attracting particular interest in catalysis, gas sensors, solar‐energy conversion, and so on. In this paper, we present the impact of annealing on morphology, structure, and optical properties of Bi2O3 nanotube‐based urchin‐like microarchitectures, which is very important to determine before their applications in many potential fields. Our results showed that below 400 °C, the microarchitectures possessed good thermal stability. While annealing at 500 °C, jointed nanoparticles with an average size of 350 nm were formed. On further increasing the annealing temperature to 600 °C, the microarchitectures were transformed into stable α‐Bi2O3 microcrystal film with a larger particle size of about 800 nm. The optical bandgaps of the annealed products were also changed according to their changes of morphology and structure.
Absolute or convective instability in the equatorial Pacific and implications for ENSO
Authors: Thual Sulian , Thual Olivier , Dewitte Boris 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is driven by ocean–atmosphere interactions in the equatorial Pacific, and this variability is often attributed to coupled modes that are evidenced by the temporal stability analysis of anomaly models. Here, the further diagnostic of absolute/convective instability is considered, which assesses whether small perturbations localized in space and time (e.g. random wind disturbances) lead to instabilities that develop in‐place or propagate away from the perturbed region. It is shown that boundary conditions play a secondary role for this approach and that the development of large‐scale wave packets in the equatorial Pacific basin is possible, as in the case of an infinite domain. As an illustration, two simple coupled models are diagnosed that rely either on thermocline processes or zonal advective processes. The model with thermocline processes is ‘absolutely unstable’ and therefore develops intrinsic oscillations, while the model with zonal advective processes is ‘convectively unstable’ and therefore acts as a noise amplifier. The identification of the two instability regimes may characterize different ENSO formation mechanisms as a response to random wind disturbances. For the absolutely unstable regime, a standing ENSO‐like oscillation can develop in the equatorial Pacific without involving boundary reflections, while for the convectively unstable regime boundary reflections are essential. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Aircraft observations of elevated pollution layers near the foothills of the Himalayas during CAIPEEX‐2009
Authors: Padmakumari B. , Maheskumar R. S. , Morwal S. B. , Harikishan G. , Konwar Mahen , Kulkarni J. R. , Goswami B. N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPre‐monsoon aerosols in the northern part of India may play an important role in the advancement of the monsoon. This study investigates the properties of aerosols and their spatial and vertical distribution near the foothills of the Himalayas using data from an instrumented aircraft during the Cloud Aerosol Interactions and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX), 2009. CAIPEEX was conducted over five days during May 2009 in the northern part of India near the foothills of the Himalayas. On all the flight days thick haze was observed, with elevated aerosol layers up to 4 km with varying concentrations. The sources are identified as being from local anthropogenic activities such as biomass burning, as inferred from MODIS fire maps and dust from local as well as from long‐range transport, as suggested by trajectory analysis. The aerosol size distributions depict the increases in both fine and coarse mode aerosols in polluted layers. This indicates that aerosols over this region are well mixed and the vertical distribution is a mixture of both biomass burning and dust aerosols at different altitudes, as also observed by CALIPSO and inferred from Mie calculations. Clouds observed above the elevated aerosol layers showed higher droplet concentrations (200–1400 cm−3) with small effective radii (3.5 to < 6 µm). Ice phase observed above 6 km at temperatures lower than −14°C might be due to the presence of dust aerosol acting as potential ice nuclei. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
A comparison of the effect of nanotube chirality and electronic properties on the π–π interaction of single‐wall carbon nanotubes with pyrazinamide antitubercular drug
Authors: Saikia Nabanita , Deka Ramesh C. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTheoretical investigation on local electronic structure and stability of the π–π stacking interaction of pyrazinamide (PZA) with armchair (5,5) and zigzag (9,0) single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is performed using density functional theory (DFT). PZA is physisorbed onto nanotube sidewall through interaction of π orbitals of PZA and SWCNT and the enhanced structural stability of PZA/SWCNT systems is due to weak side‐on rather than the head‐on π‐interactions. The physisorption of PZA onto SWCNT sidewall is thermodynamically favored; as a consequence, it modulates the electronic properties of pristine nanotube in the vicinity of Fermi region and π–π stacked interactions is stronger in (9,0) SWCNT compared to (5,5) SWCNT. The density of states (DOS) analysis show that PZA contributes toward the enhancement of electronic states. Projected DOS and frontier orbital analysis in the vicinity of Fermi level region suggest the electronic states to be contributed from SWCNT rather than PZA. In addition, hybrid DFT calculation which includes the dispersion correction is employed to explain the non‐covalent π–π stacking interaction between PZA and SWCNT. The local density approximation and GGA results are compared with DFT‐D to explain near about accurately the weak nonbonded van der Waals interactions between PZA and SWCNTs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The lefthanded local lemma characterizes chordal dependency graphs
Authors: Pegden Wesley 
Published: July 2012

AbstractShearer gave a general theorem characterizing the family
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathcal{L}$\end{document}
of dependency graphs labeled with probabilities pv which have the property that for any family of events with a dependency graph from \documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathcal{L}$\end{document}
(whose vertex‐labels are upper bounds on the probabilities of the events), there is a positive probability that none of the events from the family occur.We show that, unlike the standard Lovász Local Lemma—which is less powerful than Shearer's condition on every nonempty graph—a recently proved ‘Lefthanded’ version of the Local Lemma is equivalent to Shearer's condition for all chordal graphs. This also leads to a simple and efficient algorithm to check whether a given labeled chordal graph is in
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathcal{L}$\end{document}. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2012
Loose laplacian spectra of random hypergraphs
Authors: Lu Linyuan , Peng Xing 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLet H = (V, E) be an r‐uniform hypergraph with the vertex set V and the edge set E. For 1 ≤ s ≤ r/2, we define a weighted graph G(s) on the vertex set
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${V\choose s}$\end{document}
as follows. Every pair of s‐sets I and J is associated with a weight w(I, J), which is the number of edges in H containing I and J if I ∩ J = ∅︁, and 0 if I ∩ J ≠ ∅︁. The s‐th Laplacian \documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathcal L^{(s)}$\end{document}
of H is defined to be the normalized Laplacian of G(s). The eigenvalues of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathcal L^{(s)}$\end{document}
are listed as \documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\lambda^{(s)}_0, \lambda^{(s)}_1, \ldots, \lambda^{(s)}_{{n\choose s}-1}$\end{document}
in non‐decreasing order. Let \documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\bar\lambda^{(s)}(H)=\max_{i\neq 0}\{|1-\lambda^{(s)}_i|\}$\end{document}. The parameters \documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\bar\lambda^{(s)}(H)$\end{document}
and λ(H), which were introduced in our previous paper, have a number of connections to the mixing rate of high‐ordered random walks, the generalized distances/diameters, and the edge expansions.For 0 < p < 1, let Hr(n, p) be a random r‐uniform hypergraph over [n] := {1, 2, …, n}, where each r‐set of [n] has probability p to be an edge independently. For 1 ≤ s ≤ r/2,
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$p(1-p)\gg \frac{\log^4 n}{n^{r-s}}$\end{document}, and \documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$1-p\gg \frac{\log n}{n^2}$\end{document}, we prove that almost surely

We also prove that the empirical distribution of the eigenvalues of
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathcal L^{(s)}$\end{document}
for Hr(n, p) follows the Semicircle Law if \documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$p(1-p)\gg \frac{\log^{1/3} n}{n^{r-s}}$\end{document}
and \documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs, amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$1-p\gg \frac{\log n}{n^{2+2r-2s}}$\end{document}. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2012
Iodine‐123 labeled reboxetine analogues for imaging of noradrenaline transporter in brain using single photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Tavares Adriana Alexandre S. , Jobson Nicola K. , Dewar Deborah , Sutherland Andrew , Pimlott Sally L. , Batis Jeffery , Barret Olivier , Seibyl John , Tamagnan Gilles 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPreliminary investigation of the radioiodinated (S,S)‐reboxetine analogue, 123I‐INER, in baboons showed this tracer to have promise for imaging the noradrenaline transporter (NAT) using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). More recently, the radioiodinated (R,S)‐stereoisomer of 123I‐INER, 123I‐NKJ64, has been synthesized and preliminary evaluation in rats has been reported. This article reports the brain distribution and pharmacokinetic properties of 123I‐NKJ64 in baboons and compares results with 123I‐INER data in the same species. SPECT studies were conducted in two ovariectomized adult female baboons using two different protocols: (1) bolus of 123I‐INER or 123I‐NKJ64; and (2) bolus plus constant infusion of 123I‐NKJ64 with reboxetine (2.0 mg/kg) administration at equilibrium. Following bolus injection, both radiotracers rapidly and avidly entered the baboon brain. The regional brain accumulation of 123I‐NKJ64 did not match the known distribution of NAT in baboon brain, contrasting with previous results obtained in rats. Conversely, the regional distribution of 123I‐INER was consistent with known distribution of NAT in baboon brain. No displacement of 123I‐NKJ64 was observed following administration of reboxetine. This contrasts with previous data obtained for 123I‐INER, where 60% of specific binding was displaced by a lower dose of reboxetine. These data suggest that 123I‐NKJ64 may lack affinity and selectivity for NAT in baboon brain and 123I‐INER is the most promising iodinated reboxetine analogue developed to date for in vivo imaging of NAT in brain using SPECT. This study highlights the importance of species differences during radiotracer development and the stereochemical configuration of analogues of reboxetine in vivo. Synapse 66:923–930, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation Between Clinical Nodal Status and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy False Negative Rate After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Takahashi Maiko , Jinno Hiromitsu , Hayashida Tetsu , Sakata Michio , Asakura Keiko , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard treatment for locally advanced breast cancer. It is now being used to treat operable breast cancer to facilitate breast‐conserving surgery, but the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer patients receiving NAC remains open to considerable debate.MethodsWe enrolled 96 patients with stage II–III breast cancer who received NAC from January 2001 to July 2010. All patients underwent breast surgery and SLNB, followed immediately by complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Sentinel lymph nodes were detected with blue dye and radiocolloid injected intradermally just above the tumor and then evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining.ResultsThe overall identification rate for SLNB was 87.5 % (84/96); the false negative rate (FNR) was 24.5 % (12/49); and the accuracy rate was 85.7 % (72/84). The FNR was significantly lower in clinically node‐negative patients than in node‐positive patients before NAC (5.5 % vs. 35.5 %; p = 0.001). Accuracy was also significantly higher in clinically node‐negative patients than in node‐positive patients before NAC (97.2 % vs. 77.1 %; p = 0.009). The FNR was 27.3 % among 46 clinically node‐positive patients before NAC who were clinically node‐negative after NAC. Among 12 patients with a complete tumor response (CR), the FNR was 0 %, compared with 26.1 % for 83 patients with a partial response and stable disease (p = 0.404).ConclusionsAlthough associated with a high FNR after NAC, SLNB would have successfully replaced ALND in clinically node‐negative patients before NAC and in patients with a CR after NAC.
The symbiotic recapture of nitrogen from dead mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots of tomato plants
Authors: Müller Anja , George Eckhard , Gabriel-Neumann Elke 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimsThe aim was to quantify the nitrogen (N) transferred via the extra-radical mycelium of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungusGlomus intraradicesfrom both a dead host and a dead non-host donor root to a receiver tomato plant. The effect of a physical disruption of the soil containing donor plant roots and fungal mycelium on the effectiveness of N transfer was also examined.MethodsThe root systems of the donor (wild type tomato plants or the mycorrhiza-defectivermcmutant tomato) and the receiver plants were separated by a 30 μm mesh, penetrable by hyphae but not by the roots. Both donor genotypes produced a similar quantity of biomass and had a similar nutrient status. Two weeks after the supply of15 N to a split-root part of donor plants, the shoots were removed to kill the plants. The quantity of N transferred from the dead roots into the receiver plants was measured after a further 2 weeks.ResultsUp to 10.6 % of donor-root15N was recovered in the receiver plants when inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF). The quantity of15N derived from the mycorrhizal wild type roots clearly exceeded that from the only weakly surface-colonisedrmcroots. Hyphal length in the donorrmcroot compartments was only about half that in the wild type compartments. The disruption of the soil led to a significantly increased AMF-mediated transfer of N to the receiver plants.ConclusionsThe transfer of N from dead roots can be enhanced by AMF, especially when the donor roots have been formerly colonised by AMF. The transfer can be further increased with higher hyphae length densities, and the present data also suggest that a direct link between receiver mycelium and internal fungal structures in dead roots may in addition facilitate N transfer. The mechanical disruption of soil containing dead roots may increase the subsequent availability of nutrients, thus promoting mycorrhizal N uptake. When associated with a living plant, the external mycelium ofG. intraradicesis readily able to re-establish itself in the soil following disruption and functions as a transfer vessel.
Pregnancy despite ovarian insufficiency in a patient with breast cancer
Authors: Mahany Erica B. , Hershman Dawn L. , Sauer Mark V. , Choi Janet M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFuture fertility is a concern for many young breast cancer survivors. Secondary amenorrhea occurs frequently during or soon after oncologic treatment. Return of menstruation and serum biomarkers are not absolute predictors of future fertility. We report a case of a 28 year old gravida 0 with recurrent Stage IIB invasive ductal breast carcinoma who managed to conceive twice despite showing clinical and biochemical signs of decreased ovarian reserve following treatment with chemotherapy and radiation. This case illustrates the potential for fertility in a patient with breast cancer despite chemotherapy‐related amenorrhea and undetectable anti‐Müllerian hormone levels. It exemplifies the imprecise nature of all clinical tests used to predict future fertility in breast cancer patients post‐treatment. It should remind all providers to be careful in basing recommendations for childbearing on these surrogate endpoints.
The steady oblique path of buoyancy-driven disks and spheres
Authors: Fabre David , Tchoufag Joël , Magnaudet Jacques 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe consider the steady motion of disks of various thicknesses in a weakly viscous flow, in the case where the angle of incidence $\ensuremath{\alpha} $ (defined as that between the disk axis and its velocity) is small. We derive the structure of the steady flow past the body and the associated hydrodynamic force and torque through a weakly nonlinear expansion of the flow with respect to $\ensuremath{\alpha} $. When buoyancy drives the body motion, we obtain a solution corresponding to an oblique path with a non-zero incidence by requiring the torque to vanish and the hydrodynamic and net buoyancy forces to balance each other. This oblique solution is shown to arise through a bifurcation at a critical Reynolds number ${\mathit{Re}}^{\mathit{SO}} $ which does not depend upon the body-to-fluid density ratio and is distinct from the critical Reynolds number ${\mathit{Re}}^{\mathit{SS}} $ corresponding to the steady bifurcation of the flow past the body held fixed with $\ensuremath{\alpha} = 0$. We then apply the same approach to the related problem of a sphere that weakly rotates about an axis perpendicular to its path and show that an oblique path sets in at a critical Reynolds number ${\mathit{Re}}^{\mathit{SO}} $ slightly lower than ${\mathit{Re}}^{\mathit{SS}} $, in agreement with available numerical studies.