bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Dissolved Bromate in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography and Post Column Reaction: Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Cordeiro Fernando , Robouch Piotr , de la Calle Maria Beatriz , Emteborg Håkan , Charoud-Got Jean , Schmitz Franz ,   Collaborators:, Bauer K H , Bogenschuetz G , Broeckx S , Brunton J , Caille N , De Borba B , Désiré Djoukeng J , Garche A , Harihara Subramanian N , Hoffmann A , Kim J R , Läubli M , Michalski R , Röhrig K-H , Schumacher B , Waals K , Winzek P 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A collaborative study, International Evaluation Measurement Programme®-25a, was conducted in accordance with international protocols to determine the performance characteristics of an analytical method for the determination of dissolved bromate in drinking water. The method should fulfill the analytical requirements of Council Directive 98/83/EC (referred to in this work as the Drinking Water Directive; DWD). The new draft standard method under investigation is based on ion chromatography followed by post-column reaction and UV detection. The collaborating laboratories used the Draft International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/Draft International Standard (DIS) 11206 document. The existing standard method (ISO 15061:2001) is based on ion chromatography using suppressed conductivity detection, in which a preconcentration step may be required for the determination of bromate concentrations as low as 3 to 5 μg/L. The new method includes a dilution step that reduces the matrix effects, thus allowing the determination of bromate concentrations down to 0.5 μg/L. Furthermore, the method aims to minimize any potential interference of chlorite ions. The collaborative study investigated different types of drinking water, such as soft, hard, and mineral water. Other types of water, such as raw water (untreated), swimming pool water, a blank (named river water), and a bromate standard solution, were included as test samples. All test matrixes except the swimming pool water were spiked with high-purity potassium bromate to obtain bromate concentrations ranging from 1.67 to 10.0 μg/L. Swimming pool water was not spiked, as this water was incurred with bromate. Test samples were dispatched to 17 laboratories from nine different countries. Sixteen participants reported results. The repeatability RSD (RSDr) ranged from 1.2 to 4.1%, while the reproducibility RSD (RSDR) ranged from 2.3 to 5.9%. These precision characteristics compare favorably with those of ISO 15601. A thorough comparison of the performance characteristics is presented in this report. All method performance characteristics obtained in the frame of this collaborative study indicate that the draft ISO/DIS 11206 standard method meets the requirements set down by the DWD. It can, therefore, be considered to fit its intended analytical purpose.
Childhood onset of left ventricular dysfunction in a female manifesting carrier of muscular dystrophy
Authors: Martinez Hugo R. , Pignatelli Ricardo , Belmont John W. , Craigen William J. , Jefferies John L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy are X‐linked disorders that result from a mutation in the dystrophin gene that reduces the production or effectiveness of the protein dystrophin. These disorders are clinically characterized by progressive muscle degeneration. Manifesting female carriers are generally not identified as such until after puberty, when symptoms such as muscle weakness may arise. This clinical report describes a female manifesting carrier who started to show deterioration of left ventricular systolic function, but no marked skeletal muscle weakness, at the age of 10 years. The patient's cardiac function improved significantly after dual drug therapy with an ACE inhibitor (enalapril) and a beta‐blocker (carvedilol). Our case adds to the existing evidence that left ventricular myocardial dysfunction may occur during childhood in female carriers of dystrophinopathies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A polymorphism in the growth hormone receptor is associated with height in children with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Park Sung Won , Lee Seung‐Tae , Sohn Young Bae , Kim Se Hwa , Cho Sung‐Yoon , Ko Ah‐ra , Ji Sun‐Tae , Kwon Jeong‐Yi , Yeau Sunghee , Paik Kyung‐Hoon , Kim Jong‐Won , Jin Dong‐Kyu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe exon‐3 deletion polymorphism (d3, Database of Genomic Variants ID: Variation_64191) in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene is associated with increased growth response to growth hormone (GH) therapy in GH‐deficient patients. However, an association of the GHR genotype with height has not yet been reported in Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). The aim of this study was to assess the association of GHR alleles with height before starting GH therapy in patients with PWS. Seventy‐four patients with PWS were genotyped and their medical records were retrospectively reviewed (45 males and 29 females, median age 8.7 years). One hundred normal controls, with known final height, were also genotyped. The GH‐exon 3 locus was genotyped using a PCR multiplex assay. The distribution of alleles in the patients with PWS was not different from controls [(fl/fl n = 53 (72%), fl/d3 n = 21 (28%)) in PWS vs. (fl/fl n = 72(72%), fl/d3 n = 26(26%), and d3/d3 n = 2(2%)]. However, patients with PWS carrying a d3 allele had significantly greater height standard deviation scores (SDS) (P = 0.025) and higher insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) level (P = 0.041), although the age at the start of GH therapy, weight, BMI, and body fat were not different. The d3 allele was associated with height and IGF‐I levels before GH therapy and suggests that even before GH therapy, d3 allele may influence height through GH secretion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenotypic psychiatric characterization of children with Williams syndrome and response of those with ADHD to methylphenidate treatment
Authors: Green Tamar , Avda Sarit , Dotan Inbar , Zarchi Omer , Basel‐Vanagaite Lina , Zalsman Gil , Weizman Abraham , Gothelf Doron 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWilliams syndrome (WS) is associated with cognitive deficits, special behavioral phenotype, and high rates of psychiatric disorders. The aims of the present study were: (1) To compare the rates of psychiatric disorders and repetitive behaviors in children with WS to children with idiopathic developmental disability (DDs); (2) To longitudinally assess the change in psychiatric disorders during adolescence in WS; (3) To assess retrospectively the effectiveness and safety of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment in WS children with ADHD. The study consisted of a cohort of 38 children and adolescents (age 13.1 ± 5.2 years) with WS and a sample of age‐matched DDs (age 15.0 ± 3.1 years). A current follow‐up evaluation was conducted after 5.6 ± 1.6 years for 25 subjects (65.8%) of the WS cohort. The rate of most psychiatric disorders was found similar in children with WS and DD controls. Specific phobia, especially from noises, obsessive–compulsive symptoms (e.g., aggressive obsessions and repetitive questions), and stereotypic behaviors (e.g., glancing), were more common in WS than DDs. In a longitudinal follow‐up of the WS children, we found a decrease in the rate of anxiety disorders. In addition, a clinically significant improvement was reported in 72.2% of WS children with ADHD following MPH treatment. Sadness/unhappiness was the most common side effect associated with MPH treatment in WS, occurring in 2/3 of treated individuals. The present study further elucidates the neuropsychiatric phenotype of WS. Our results also suggest that MPH treatment for ADHD in WS warrants future prospective controlled trials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study of crater structure formation on the surface of biaxially oriented polypropylene film
Authors: Tamura Satoshi , Ohta Katsutoshi , Kanai Toshitaka 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBiaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film accounts for a large amount of polypropylene since it is well suited for food packaging films or industrial films, because of its high performance in terms of mechanical and optical properties. Recently machine speed has been increasing to obtain higher production rate and film thickness has become thinner to reduce the environmental load. To meet the demands, many researchers have been investigating stretchability of PP by connecting the stretching force at the yield point and crystalline structure. Many other studies have been conducted regarding the surface structure of BOPP. Although there were some cases that crater‐like film surface roughness was formed on BOPP films, the formation mechanism of craters has not been clarified. In this report, new hypothesis of the crater‐like film surface roughness formation mechanism is proposed by observing the transformation of crater from sheet to BOPP film and by investigating the relationship between the stress–strain curve and surface roughness change. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of in situ compatibilized polybutylene terephthalate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends
Authors: Ambrósio José Donato , Hage Elias 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTo evaluate mechanical properties of blends prepared by intermeshing corotating twin‐screw extrusion (ICTSE), it is usually necessary to injection mold specimens after the extrusion mixing process. At this study an alternative method is used to obtain testing specimens from ribbons extruded polybutylene terephthalate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene blends, (PBT/ABS), compatibilized with methyl methacrylate–glycidyl methacrylate‐ethyl acrylate (MGE) by ICTSE, and then to correlate their mechanical properties with the processing parameters. Regarding to the extrusion process parameters, it has been noted that higher feed rates, lower screw speeds and narrower kneading blocks have reduced the ductile‐brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of the compatibilized PBT/ABS blends, thereby suggesting that the molecule integrity of blend polymeric components has been preserved and that a good dispersion of the ABS domains in the PBT matrix has been achieved. Injection molded PBT/ABS blends were obtained to compare to the extruded ribbons. The mechanical tests for both specimens have shown the same trends. The injection molded samples have presented poorer impact strength, tensile strain at break and tensile strength, when compared to the respective extruded samples. That behavior has been attributed to the high level of molecular orientation resulting from the injection molding process and mainly to PBT degradation during process. The PBT degradation could have increased its degree of crystallinity, which has been confirmed by DSC measurements. As result, the blend became more brittle, decreasing its Izod impact strength. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Relationship between the cell structure and mechanical properties of chemically crosslinked polyethylene foams
Authors: Davari M. , Razavi Aghjeh M. K. , Seraji S. M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe main objective of this work was to study the effect of the controlling parameters on the morphology and mechanical properties of the peroxide crosslinked low‐density polyethylene foams. The relationship between the morphology and mechanical properties was also considered. Using different Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and azodicrbonamide (ADCA) concentrations, various foams with different cell structures were prepared. Gel content and density of the foams were measured according to the standard methods. The morphology was examined using SEM technique. The mechanical properties of the foams were evaluated by means of compression and creep recovery tests. The results showed that the gel content and the density are mainly controlled by DCP and ADCA concentration, respectively. The results also showed that the cell size distribution is mainly controlled by DCP concentration. Increasing of DCP increased the gel content and decreased the cell size and cell size distribution. Foam density was mainly controlled by ADCA concentration, whereas the morphology was less affected with ADCA concentration. The foams with small cell size and narrow cell size distribution showed higher mechanical strength and lower plastic strain. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Characterization of functional states in nicotine‐ and cotinine‐imprinted poly(4‐vinylphenol) films by nanoindentation
Authors: Richter Asta , BelBruno Joseph J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThin, imprinted poly(4‐vinylphenol) (PVP) films were produced by spin coating using nicotine or its metabolite, cotinine, as template molecules. The template molecules were extracted from these films and later reloaded (or cross‐loaded) from solution. Depth sensing nanoindentation was applied to measure the nanomechanical properties of the imprinted polymer films. Changes in the nanomechanical properties were correlated to the functional state of the imprinted polymer, allowing identification of the films in their “as produced” state, “template removed state or “reloaded” state. In addition, the nanomechanical properties were capable of identifying which of the two template molecules were inserted in to a film. Reinsertion of a template molecule into a “template removed” film was found to increase the nanohardness over the values recorded for the “as produced” film. This behavior was discussed in terms of the hydrogen bonding characteristics of the materials (through density functional calculations) and the physical properties of poly(4‐vinylphenol) coatings. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Fluorescence upconversion properties of a chiral polybinaphthyl induced by two‐photon absorption
Authors: Zeng Yi , Wang Changshun , Huang Xiaobo , Cheng Yixiang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe fluorescence properties of a chiral polymer based on optically active polybinaphthyls were studied in tetrahydrofuran solution. One‐photon excited fluorescence of the polymer was located in the range of ∼ 596 nm and the corresponding lifetime was ∼ 4.38 ns. From the excitation spectra and emission spectra excited at 800 nm, the upconversion fluorescence emission was observed. When excited by using 800 nm fs laser pulses with different input irradiances, the peak fluorescence intensity of the solution provides square dependence with the input irradiance power, giving an evidence for two‐photon excited fluorescence. Furthermore, open aperture Z‐scan measurements were performed at different irradiation intensities to confirm two‐photon absorption property of the solution at 800 nm excitation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Kinetics and molecular mechanism of chromate uptake by dithiocarbamate functionalized starch
Authors: Cheng Rumei , Ou Shengju , Li Yijiu , Xiang Bo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHeavy‐metal fixation by the chelating polymers is of great importance in environmental applications. In this work, the molecular mechanism of chromate uptake by dithiocarbamate modified starch (DTCS) was investigated. It was found that the DTCS can achieve a maximum adsorption capacity at pH value of 5.0. In such solution, the adsorption kinetics showed two stages, which involved in different molecular mechanisms. The first was a fast stage. It lasted for about 60 min. In the stage, over 80% of maximum adsorption occurred and a Cr(VI)‐DTC ester formed. The ester was stable in the first hour, and then the Cr(VI) reduction took place in the second stage. The reduction of Cr(VI) was coupled with the oxidation of DTC, producing elemental sulfur and sulfonate. The formed Cr(III) still fixed in the oxidized DTCS without lost of adsorption capacity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Optimum compatibilization for the nonflammability of thermoplasticized crosslinked polyethylene/metal hydroxides composites with a compatibilizer
Authors: Jin Kwon Yong , Kyun Kim Do , Nyon Kim Woo , Gyoo Cho Bong , Man Hong Soon , Min Koo Chong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractNonflammability of the thermoplasticized crosslinked polyethylene (PE)/polyolefin elastomer (POE)/metal hydroxide flame retardant/compatibilizer composites were investigated. The thermoplasticized crosslinked PE was decrosslinked from the crosslinked high‐density PE under the supercritical methanol condition. Two types of metal hydroxides: aluminum hydroxide (AH) and magnesium hydroxide (MH), and a low‐density polyethylene‐g‐maleic anhydride (LM) were used as flame retardants and a compatibilizer, respectively. Nonflammability of both PE/POE/AH/LM and PE/POE/MH/LM composites was enhanced with metal hydroxide flame retardant concentration. PE/POE/MH/LM composites had better nonflammability than PE/POE/AH/LM composites at the same flame retardant concentration. Interestingly, nonflammability of the composites was also strongly influenced by the compatibilizer concentration. At low compatibilizer concentration, the nonflammability of the PE/POE/MH/LM composites was improved with the compatibilizer concentration. In contrast, at high compatibilizer concentration, the nonflammability of the PE/POE/MH/LM composites was deteriorated with the compatibilizer concentration. This demonstrates that optimum concentration of the compatibilizer can help to enhance the efficiency of the flame retardants in the development of the nonflammable polyolefin for the wire and cable industry. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
New fluorene‐based thermally stable five‐ and six‐membered rings polyimides with enhanced solubility
Authors: Mehdipour‐Ataei Shahram , Nazari Yousef 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA novel ester diamine, 9‐(3,5‐diaminobenzoyloxy) fluorene, as a new monomer for preparation of polyimides was synthesized via two successive reactions. In the first step, reaction of 3,5‐dinitrobenzoylchloride with 9‐hydroxy fluorene in the presence of sodium hydroxide led to preparation of 9‐(3,5‐dinitrobenzoyloxy) fluorene. Second reaction was reduction of the nitro groups by tin (II) chloride and fuming hydrochloric acid to produce 9‐(3,5‐diaminobenzoyloxy) fluorene. The new diamine containing bulky fluorene group was characterized and polycondensed with different dianhydrides via two methods to produce polyimides. The new five‐membered and six‐membered ring polyimides were characterized and their properties including solubility behavior, inherent viscosity, thermal behavior and stability, and crystallinity were studied. They exhibited favorable balance of physical and thermal properties and their solubility were improved without sacrificing their thermal stability. Six‐membered rings polyimides showed higher thermal stability and lower solubility in comparison to related five‐membered ring polyimides. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of bismaleimide reactive extrusion on the crystallinity and mechanical performance of poly(lactic acid) green composites
Authors: Baltazar‐y‐Jimenez Alexis , Sain Mohini 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPoly(D‐,L‐lactic acid) (PDLA) and PDLA‐wood pulp fiber injection molded composites were modified with very small amounts (< 1 wt %) of N′‐(o‐phenylene)dimalemide and 2,2′‐dithiobis(benzothiazole) by reactive extrusion and their resulting mechanical and thermal properties characterized. The modification produced an increase in the percent crystallinity (Xc), heat deflection temperature (HDT), impact energy, tensile strength, and modulus in PDLA. A significant reduction in the melting temperature (Tm) and an increase in the thermal resistance (Tmax) were also found. Fourier‐Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) suggests the creation of hydrogen bonds, a thiol ester and/or ester bond during the modification. Reactive extrusion of commercially available poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by means of N′‐(o‐phenylene)dimalemide and 2,2′‐dithiobis(benzothiazole) provides a low cost and simple processing method for the enhancement of the properties of this biopolymer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Polymer/clay aerogel‐based glass fabric laminates
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Al‐Biloushi Mohammed , Schiraldi David A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLaminates of polymer/clay aerogels and glass fabric sheets were prepared with varying epoxy adhesion application levels. A poly(amide‐imide) and an epoxy (1,4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether/2,6‐diaminopyridine) were chosen as the two “foam core” polymers; both single‐layered and double‐layered glass fiber laminates were investigated. The adhesion between polymer clay aerogels and glass fibers was quantified using the T‐peel method. The peel strength properties were found to increase as adhesive loading increased up to an optimal value, after which peel strength declines. Flexural and compressive testing of the laminates was also performed as a way of measuring mechanical strength. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
High strength thermoresponsive semi‐IPN hydrogels reinforced with nanoclays
Authors: Djonlagić Jasna , Žugić Dragana , Petrović Zoran 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTwo series of nanoclay reinforced, thermoresponsive hydrogels were prepared, one based on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) and the other on semi‐interpenetrating networks containing PNIPA and poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), designated as SIPNs. The gels were crosslinked with 1, 3, and 5 wt % inorganic clay (hectorite) and SIPN gels additionally contained 1 wt % of PVP. The hydrogels were tested in the “as‐prepared state,” i.e., at 10 wt % PNIPA concentration in water and at equilibrium (maximum) swelling. Increasing the concentration of nanoclays increases crosslink density, modulus, tensile strength, elongation (except in equilibrium swollen gels), hysteresis and with decreases in the degree of swelling, broadening of the phase transition region, and a decrease in elastic recovery at high deformations. The presence of linear PVP in the networks increases porosity and the pore size, increases swelling, deswelling rates, and hysteresis, but decreases slightly lower critical solution temperature (LCST), tensile strength, elongation, and elastic recovery. The strongest hydrogels were ones with 10 wt % PNIPA and 5 wt % of nanoclays, displaying tensile strengths of 85 kPa and elongation of 955%. All properties of hydrogels at the equilibrium swollen state are lower than in the as‐prepared state, due to the lower concentration of chains per unit volume, but the trends are preserved. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012