bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural identification by differential mass spectrometry as a criterion for selecting the best quantum chemical calculation of formation enthalpy for tetrachlorinated biphenyls
Authors: Dinca Nicolae , Covaci Adrian 
Published: July 2012

RATIONALEThe assignment of correct structures for isomers with similar mass spectra (e.g. polyhalogenated aromatic compounds) is not always successful when spectral libraries alone are employed or, even worse, when the compounds are not present in commercial spectral libraries.METHODSWe present a computational method based on differential mass spectrometry (Diff‐MS) for the validation of formation enthalpy (ΔfH) series calculated using quantum chemistry for the fragments produced in electron ionization (EI)‐MS. The method simulates the chemical structure identification (CSI) of isomers with similar mass spectra using differential mass spectra and ΔfH series. The best ΔfH values were those from which the correct structures could be derived.RESULTSWe have used six tetrachlorinated biphenyl isomers (TeCBs 44, 46, 52, 66, 74, 77). Their EI mass spectra were acquired at 70 eV and, for the principal ions, five series of ΔfH values were computed by the semi‐empirical methods, AM1, MINDO3, MNDO, PM3, and RM1. The generation of differential mass spectra and the correlation with the ΔfH series for the calculation of probabilities from the list of structural assignments were carried out with the ordering algorithm (ORD) of the CSI‐Diff‐MS Data Analysis 3.1.1 program.CONCLUSIONSIntelligent software, used for structural elucidation based on MS and QCC, was employed to select the best values of the formation enthalpies of TeCBs. The advantages and disadvantages of the semi‐empirical methods for the calculation of ΔfH values for different TeCB ions are critically presented. The best semi‐empirical methods were RM1, AM1 and MINDO3, which can be used to calculate the ΔfH database necessary to identify TeCB isomers. This approach allowed the correct assignment of structures for isomers with very similar mass spectra and demonstrated the reliability of the correlation between differential mass spectra and the formation enthalpies of the fragment ions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles Improve Optical Imaging of Stem Cells Allowing Direct Discrimination between Live and Early‐Stage Apoptotic Cells
Authors: Accomasso Lisa , Rocchietti Elisa Cibrario , Raimondo Stefania , Catalano Federico , Alberto Gabriele , Giannitti Andrea , Minieri Valentina , Turinetto Valentina , Orlando Luca , Saviozzi Silvia , Caputo Giuseppe , Geuna Stefano , Martra Gianmario , Giachino Claudia 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHighly bright and photostable cyanine dye‐doped silica nanoparticles, IRIS Dots, are developed, which can efficiently label human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The application procedure used to label hMSCs is fast (2 h), the concentration of IRIS Dots for efficient labeling is low (20 μg mL−1), and the labeled cells can be visualized by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Labeled hMSCs are unaffected in their viability and proliferation, as well as stemness surface marker expression and differentiation capability into osteocytes. Moreover, this is the first report that shows nonfunctionalized IRIS Dots can discriminate between live and early‐stage apoptotic stem cells (both mesenchymal and embryonic) through a distinct external cell surface distribution. On the basis of biocompatibility, efficient labeling, and apoptotic discrimination potential, it is suggested that IRIS Dots can serve as a promising stem cell tracking agent.
Spatial Domains of Progenitor-Like Cells and Functional Complexity of a Stem Cell Niche in the Neonatal Rat Spinal Cord
Authors: Marichal Nicolás , García Gabriela , Radmilovich Milka , Trujillo-Cenóz Omar , Russo Raúl E. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
During spinal cord development, progenitors in the neural tube are arranged within spatial domains that generate specific cell types. The ependyma of the postnatal spinal cord seems to retain cells with properties of the primitive neural stem cells, some of which are able to react to injury with active proliferation. However, the functional complexity and organization of this stem cell niche in mammals remains poorly understood. Here, we combined immunohistochemistry for cell-specific markers with patch-clamp recordings to test the hypothesis that the ependyma of the neonatal rat spinal cord contains progenitor-like cells functionally segregated within specific domains. Cells on the lateral aspects of the ependyma combined morphological and molecular traits of ependymocytes and radial glia (RG) expressing S100β and vimentin, displayed passive membrane properties and were electrically coupled via Cx43. Cells contacting the ventral and dorsal poles expressed the neural stem cell markers nestin and/or vimentin, had the typical morphology of RG, and appeared uncoupled displaying various combinations of K+ and Ca2+ voltage-gated currents. Although progenitor-like cells were mitotically active around the entire ependyma, the proliferative capacity seemed higher on lateral domains. Our findings represent the first evidence that the ependyma of the rat harbors progenitor-like cells with heterogeneous electrophysiological phenotypes organized in spatial domains. The manipulation of specific functional properties in the heterogeneous population of progenitor-like cells contacting the ependyma may in future help to regulate their behavior and lineage potential, providing the cell types required for the endogenous repair of the injured spinal cord.
Combined administration of cerebrolysin and donepezil induces plastic changes in prefrontal cortex in aged mice
Authors: Alcántara‐González Faviola , Mendoza‐Perez Claudia Rebeca , Zaragoza Néstor , Juarez Ismael , Arroyo‐García Luis Enrique , Gamboa Citlalli , De La Cruz Fidel , Zamudio Sergio , Garcia‐Dolores Fernando , Flores Gonzalo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCerebrolysin (Cbl) shows neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties while donepezil (Dnp) is a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, both drugs are prescribed for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. Previous studies have shown that the Dnp and Cbl administered separately, modify dendritic morphology of neurons in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in senile rodents. Since the deficit of neurotrophic factor activity is implicated in the degeneration of cholinergic neurons of basal forebrain, a combination therapy of Dnp and Cbl has been tested recently in Alzheimer's patients. However, the plastic changes that may underlie this combined treatment have not yet been explored. We present here the effect of the combined administration of Cbl and Dnp on dendritic morphology in brain regions related to learning and memory in aged mice. The Golgi‐Cox staining protocol and Sholl analysis were used for studying dendritic changes. Cbl and Dnp were administrated daily for 2 months to 9‐months‐old mice. Locomotor activity was assessed, as well as the dendritic morphology of neurons in several limbic regions was analyzed. Results showed that Cbl and Dnp induced an increase in locomotor activity without synergistic effect. The Cbl or Dnp treatment modified the dendritic morphology of neurons from prefrontal cortex (PFC), dorsal hippocampus (DH), dentate gyrus (DG), and the shell of nucleus accumbens (NAcc). These changes show an increase in the total dendritic length and spine density, resulting in an improvement of dendritic arborization. Prominently, a synergistic effect of Cbl and Dnp was observed on branching order and total dendritic length of pyramidal neurons from PFC. These results suggest that Dnp and Cbl may induce plastic changes in a manner independent of each other, but could enhance their effect in target cells from PFC. Synapse 66:938–949, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Teenage employment and career readiness
Authors: Greene Kaylin M. , Staff Jeremy 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMost American youth hold a job at some point during adolescence, but should they work? This article presents a broad overview of teenage employment in the United States. It begins by describing which teenagers work and for how long and then focuses attention on the consequences (both good and bad) of paid work in adolescence. It then presents recent nationally representative data from the Monitoring the Future Study suggesting that limited hours of paid work do not crowd out developmentally appropriate after‐school activities. A review of the literature also supports the idea that employment for limited hours in good jobs can promote career readiness and positive development. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of youth work for practitioners and policymakers who are delivering career‐related programming.
What schools are doing around career development: Implications for policy and practice
Authors: Perry Justin C. , Wallace Eric W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article describes the role that schools are playing in supporting career development for young people. It examines the history of career‐related programming in schools, including school‐to‐work programs, career and technical education, the college and career readiness movement, and current school reform initiatives. This understanding of schools' history, roles, opportunities, and constraints can help practitioners and policymakers think about how to build a system that supports youth development.
Supporting vocationally oriented learning in the high school years: Rationale, tasks, challenges
Authors: Halpern Robert 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article highlights the limitations of our current educational system in terms of vocational learning and highlights the role that vocational learning can play in supporting youth development and improving youth outcomes. It discusses the role that nonschool settings can play in supporting vocational learning and suggests strategies to improve our in‐school and out‐of‐school systems to build a more coherent whole that promotes youth development across various settings.
New diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholangitis in revised Tokyo guidelines
Authors: Kiriyama Seiki , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Solomkin Joseph S. , Mayumi Toshihiko , Pitt Henry A. , Gouma Dirk J. , Garden O. James , Büchler Markus W. , Yokoe Masamichi , Kimura Yasutoshi , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Itoi Takao , Yoshida Masahiro , Miura Fumihiko , Yamashita Yuichi , Okamoto Kohji , Gabata Toshifumi , Hata Jiro , Higuchi Ryota , Windsor John A. , Bornman Philippus C. , Fan Sheung‐Tat , Singh Harijt , de Santibanes Eduardo , Gomi Harumi , Kusachi Shinya , Murata Atsuhiko , Chen Xiao‐Ping , Jagannath Palepu , Lee Sung Gyu , Padbury Robert , Chen Miin‐Fu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe Tokyo Guidelines for the management of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis were published in 2007 (TG07) and have been widely cited in the world literature. Because of new information that has been published since 2007, we organized the Tokyo Guidelines Revision Committee to conduct a multicenter analysis to develop the updated Tokyo Guidelines (TG13).Methods/materialsWe retrospectively analyzed 1,432 biliary disease cases where acute cholangitis was suspected. The cases were collected from multiple tertiary care centers in Japan. The ‘gold standard’ for acute cholangitis in this study was that one of the three following conditions was present: (1) purulent bile was observed; (2) clinical remission following bile duct drainage; or (3) remission was achieved by antibacterial therapy alone, in patients in whom the only site of infection was the biliary tree. Comparisons were made for the validity of each diagnostic criterion among TG13, TG07 and Charcot's triad.ResultsThe major changes in diagnostic criteria of TG07 were re‐arrangement of the diagnostic items and exclusion of abdominal pain from the diagnostic list. The sensitivity improved from 82.8 % (TG07) to 91.8 % (TG13). While the specificity was similar to TG07, the false positive rate in cases of acute cholecystitis was reduced from 15.5 to 5.9 %. The sensitivity of Charcot's triad was only 26.4 % but the specificity was 95.6 %. However, the false positive rate in cases of acute cholecystitis was 11.9 % and not negligible. As for severity grading, Grade II (moderate) acute cholangitis is defined as being associated with any two of the significant prognostic factors which were derived from evidence presented recently in the literature. The factors chosen allow severity assessment to be performed soon after diagnosis of acute cholangitis.ConclusionTG13 present a new standard for the diagnosis, severity grading, and management of acute cholangitis.
Parental Needs among Children with Birth Defects: Defining a Parent‐to‐Parent Support Network
Authors: Mathiesen A. M. , Frost C. J. , Dent K. M. , Feldkamp M. L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to explore how a parent‐to‐parent support network could impact parents of a child with a structural birth defect by specifically looking at parents’ continued needs, aspects influencing their participation in support networks, and their recommendations. Structural birth defects occur in approximately 3 % of all infants, representing a significant public health issue. For many reasons, parents are uniquely qualified to provide support to each other. Data were collected retrospectively through a qualitative approach of focus groups or one‐on‐one interviews. Thirty one parents of infants registered in the Utah Birth Defect Network participated in the study. Three themes emerged, “current sources and inconsistencies in parent‐to‐parent‐support,” “aspects that influence participation in parent‐to‐parent network,” and “recommendations for a parent‐to‐parent program.” Health care providers need to be aware of the services and inform parents about these options. A statewide parent‐to‐parent network integrated into all hospitals would be a valuable resource to facilitate sharing of issues related to caring for an infant or child with a birth defect.
Locally bounded global solutions in a three-dimensional chemotaxis-Stokes system with nonlinear diffusion
Authors: Tao Youshan , Winkler Michael 
Published: July 2012

This paper deals with a boundary-value problem in three-dimensional smoothly bounded domains for a coupled chemotaxis-Stokes system generalizing the prototype

\left\{\begin{matrix} n_{t} + u \cdot \mathrm{∇}n = \mathrm{\Delta }n^{m}−\mathrm{∇} \cdot (n\mathrm{∇}c), \\ c_{t} + u \cdot \mathrm{∇}c = \mathrm{\Delta }c−nc, \\ u_{t} + \mathrm{∇}P = \mathrm{\Delta }u + n\mathrm{∇}\phi , \\ \mathrm{∇} \cdot u = 0, \\ \end{matrix}\right.

which describes the motion of oxygen-driven swimming bacteria in an incompressible fluid.

It is proved that global weak solutions exist whenever

m > \frac{8}{7}

and the initial data

(n_{0},c_{0},u_{0})

are sufficiently regular satisfying

n_{0} > 0

and

c_{0} > 0

. This extends a recent result by Di Francesco, Lorz and Markowich [M. Di Francesco, A. Lorz, P.A. Markowich, Chemotaxis–fluid coupled model for swimming bacteria with nonlinear diffusion: Global existence and asymptotic behavior, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. A 28 (2010) 1437–1453] which asserts global existence of weak solutions under the constraint

m \in [\frac{7 + \sqrt{217}}{12},2]

.

Résumé
Ce papier considère un problème aux limites dans des domaines tridimensionnels réguliers et bornés, plus précisément, un système couplé de chemotaxie-Stokes qui généralise le prototype

\left\{\begin{matrix} n_{t} + u \cdot \mathrm{∇}n = \mathrm{\Delta }n^{m}−\mathrm{∇} \cdot (n\mathrm{∇}c), \\ c_{t} + u \cdot \mathrm{∇}c = \mathrm{\Delta }c−nc, \\ u_{t} + \mathrm{∇}P = \mathrm{\Delta }u + n\mathrm{∇}\phi , \\ \mathrm{∇} \cdot u = 0 \\ \end{matrix}\right.

et qui décrit le mouvement des bactéries nageuses conduites par lʼoxygène dans un fluide incompressible.

On montre que les solutions faibles globales existent quand

m > \frac{8}{7}

et la donnée initiale

(n_{0},c_{0},u_{0})

est suffisamment régulière et vérifie

n_{0} > 0

et

c_{0} > 0

. Cela étend le résultat récent de Di Francesco, Lorz et Markowich [M. Di Francesco, A. Lorz, P.A. Markowich, Chemotaxis–fluid coupled model for swimming bacteria with nonlinear diffusion: Global existence and asymptotic behavior, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. A 28 (2010) 1437–1453] qui affirme lʼexistence globale de solutions faibles sous la contrainte

m \in [\frac{7 + \sqrt{217}}{12},2]

.
CEA‐producing urothelial cell carcinoma with metastasis presenting as a rectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Ming‐Hsin , Sun Guang‐Huan , Yu Dah‐Shyong , Chang Sun‐Yran , Ma Cheng‐Ping , Cha Tai‐Lung 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis is a case study of a 61‐year‐old male who presented with difficult defecation for 1 month. A circumferential submucosal rectal tumor was noted on a digital rectal examination and colonoscopy. Laboratory examination revealed high serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; 43.75 ng/mL) and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9; 11,790 U/mL). In addition, tumor biopsies revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum with intact mucosa. The patient had history of advanced stage‐T2 urothelial cell carcinoma of bladder, which had been downstaged to T0 by neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy 1 year prior. After investigating the initial bladder tumor specimens, a small portion of the tumor with high CEA expression comparable to the submucosal rectal tumor was found. The size of the tumor was reduced and the levels of the tumor markers decreased after administering FOLFIRI chemotherapy targeted at the adenocarcinoma. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy may have a selective pressure to eliminate most urothelial cell carcinoma, physicians should be aware that it can lead to rectal metastasis via CEA‐producing components.
Charity in the Dutch Republic: an introduction
Authors: VAN VOSS LEX HEERMA , VAN LEEUWEN MARCO H. D. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThis article surveys the literature on charity in the Dutch Republic, while also presenting the principles of our social science history approach to understanding charity in past societies. We specify a threefold theory on giving in the past, looking at characteristics of donors, characteristics of charitable causes, and at the giving structure at large. We discuss the research design we employ to test this theory on Dutch charity in the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the Giving in the Golden Age, or GIGA, project.
Collections for the poor: monetary charitable donations in Dutch towns, c. 1600–1800
Authors: TEEUWEN DANIËLLE 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIn many localities in the Dutch Republic, charitable collections were the single largest source of income for relief institutions for the outdoor poor. This article takes into account both the role of the authorities organising collections and the role of the city-dwellers making charitable donations. It is demonstrated that people from almost all layers of urban society contributed to the collections. By means of thorough planning and exerting social pressure, religious and secular administrators of poor relief tried to maximise Dutch generosity. They presented making charitable donations as a duty of the rich as well as of the less well-off. In the Dutch Republic, not only the elites, but also the middling groups of society, who approximately constituted almost half of the urban population, were of vital importance in financing poor relief.
MicroRNA expression profiling of human islets from individuals with and without Type 2 diabetes: promises and pitfalls
Authors: Locke Jonathan M. , Harries Lorna W. 
Published: July 2012

Recent studies in mouse, involving the β-cell-specific deletion of Dicer1, have highlighted the crucial role of miRNAs (microRNAs) in regulating insulin secretion and consequently Type 2 diabetes. Identifying the individual miRNAs involved in human islet dysfunction may be of diagnostic and therapeutic interest. miRNA expression profiling of human islets isolated from donors with and without Type 2 diabetes may represent one of the first steps in the discovery of these specific miRNAs. The present review discusses some of the potential pitfalls and promises of such an approach.
The CCM model: a stock valuation tool for a student managed investment fund
Authors: Bowers Jared H. , Lavin Angeline M. 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop and test a model that can be used to help students learn the investment analysis process and accurately identify good and bad investment opportunities.Design/methodology/approachThe model tested in this research was developed by a former member of the student managed investment fund Coyote Capital Management at the University of South Dakota. The goal of this project was to refine that original model and test it using historical data from a sample of companies during both bull and bear market periods.FindingsDuring the bull market period (2004‐2006), 81 per cent of the model's recommendations were correct, and during the 2007‐2009 bear market period, approximately 66 per cent of the model's recommends were correct.Originality/valueWhile following the model's recommendations could potentially produce returns well above those of the market in the best case scenario and returns in line with the market in the worst case scenario, there are many factors that should go into making an investment decision. This model can be useful as an item in the investor's tool kit, and it has the potential to help students better understand the process of evaluating an investment opportunity.
Evidence of managerial opportunism in Australia
Authors: Trumble Andrew , Pinder Sean 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test for managerial opportunism, specifically the backdating of executive options, in Australia.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyses the return behaviour associated with a sample of 161 unscheduled options granted by Australian firms. Specifically, the authors test for differences between a subsample of grants that had late‐filed notices (and hence may be subject to backdating) versus those that had notices filed on‐time.FindingsConsistent with backdating, it is found that these abnormal post‐grant returns persist for a sub‐sample of late‐filed grants but not for a sub‐sample of grants with same‐day filing. Furthermore – the authors find even stronger results for option grants made by firms with a history of late‐filing but for which no notice was filed with the Australian Securities Exchange. This paper is the first to demonstrate these effects in a setting subject to the IFRS requirement that the fair value (rather than the intrinsic value) of executive options be expensed.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to demonstrate these effects in Australia and further in a setting subject to the IFRS requirement that the fair value (rather than the intrinsic value) of executive options be expensed.