bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Outcome after Operatively Treated Ankle Fractures in the Elderly
Authors: Davidovitch Roy I. , Walsh Michael , Spitzer Allison , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: September 2009

Background: The goal of this review was to compare the functional outcomes of patients less than 60 and greater than or equal to 60 years old following operative stabilization of unstable ankle fractures. The review was conducted as a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data at two level one trauma centers and a tertiary referral academic center. Materials and Methods: All patients operatively treated for an unstable ankle fracture were entered into a database and prospectively followed. The postoperative protocol was standardized for all patients. Baseline characteristics, complications, additional surgery, functional status and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score (AOFAS) were assessed. The intervention chosen was open reduction and internal fixation of unstable ankle fractures. AOFAS hindfoot score and Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire were used as the main outcome measures in the study. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Three hundred sixty-nine (369) patients were entered into the database, 313 (84.8%) were less than 60 years old. At 3 months, 57% (32/56) of patients greater than or equal to 60 years old reported limitation of activities versus 33% (103/313) of patients less than 60 years old ( p = 0.005). At 6 and 12 months, these percentages improved to 41% versus 10% ( p = 0.001), and 29% versus 7.4% ( p = 0.001) for older and younger individuals respectively. However, when compared to their baseline scores, both groups achieved a return to pre-injury status. Total AOFAS scores were not significantly different at 3, 6, or 12 months ( p = 0.431). Conclusion: Operative fixation of unstable ankle fractures in patients greater than or equal to 60 years old can provide a reasonable functional result at the 1-year followup with a return to preoperative baseline even though they report more limitation of activities than younger patients.
Postoperative Cast Necessity after a Lapidus Arthrodesis
Authors: Kazzaz Sarmad , Singh Dishan 
Published: September 2009

Background: The incidence of non union following a first tarsometatarsal arthrodesis (Lapidus procedure) has decreased significantly with modern techniques of minimal bone resection, meticulous bone surface preparation and rigid internal fixation. We evaluated whether a postoperative wedge shoe would increase our non-union rate. Materials and Methods: Nineteen adult female patients (27 feet; eight bilateral, five simultaneous) undergoing a first tarsometatarsal arthrodesis for hallux valgus associated with a hypermobile first ray or for recurrent hallux valgus were managed postoperatively by allowing them to bear weight in a wedge shoe instead of a cast. Radiographs were evaluated for signs of fusion. Results: All 27 feet went on to successful union after 6 to 24 weeks. There was one superficial wound infection and one case of recurrence of the hallux valgus. Conclusion: Based on our results, we allow adult patients undergoing a Lapidus type procedure to be managed in a postoperative wedge shoe.
Upper Bound on Blocking Probability for Vertically Stacked Optical Banyan Networks with Link Failures and Given Crosstalk Constraint
Authors: Khandker M. R. , Sultana B. 
Published: September 2009

Vertical stacking of multiple copies of an optical banyan network is a novel scheme for building nonblocking optical switching networks. The resulting network, namely vertically stacked optical banyan (VSOB) network, preserves all the properties of the banyan network, but increases the hardware cost significantly under first order crosstalk-free constraint. However, stringent crosstalk constraint may not always be necessary. Considering the fact that some designer may want to compromise the blocking probability and crosstalk constraint to a certain degree with the hardware cost, blocking behaviour of such VSOB networks have been analyzed to studying network performance and finding a graceful compromise between hardware costs and blocking probability under or without crosstalk constraint. In this paper, we present the simulation results for upper bound on blocking probability of VSOB networks with link failures and given degree of crosstalk constraint. We show how crosstalk adds a new dimension to the performance analysis on a VSOB networks. The simulation results presented in this paper can guide network designer in finding the trade-off among the blocking probability, the degree of crosstalk and the hardware cost in terms of vertical copies of banyan network in the presence of link failures.Keywords: Banyan networks; Blocking probability; Vertical stacking; Link-failures; Crosstalk.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.1191 J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 484-494 (2009)
CNS Activity of the Methanol Extracts of Sapindus emarginatus Vahl in Experimental Animal Models
Authors: Srikanth J. , Muralidharan P. 
Published: September 2009

The aim of the present study is to investigate central nervous system (CNS) activity of the methanol extract of Pericarp of Sapindus emarginatus (Sapindaceae) in Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats. A daily dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract was administered to the animals for 15 days, after which various CNS experiments were recorded and compared with the control animals. General behavior, exploratory behavior, muscle relaxant activity cocaine induced hyperactivity and phenobarbitone sodium-induced sleeping time were studied. The results revealed that the methanol extract of Pericarp of Sapindus emarginatus at 100 and 200 mg/kg caused a significant reduction in the spontaneous activity (general behavioral profile), remarkable decrease in exploratory behavioral pattern (Y-maze and head dip test), a reduction in muscle relaxant activity (rotarod and traction tests), inhibition of cocaine induced hyperactivity and also significantly potentiated phenobarbitone sodium–induced sleeping time. The results suggest that methanol extract of Sapindus emarginatus exhibit CNS depressant activity in tested animal models. Keywords: Sapindus emarginatus; Cocaine; CNS activity; Experimental animals. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237(Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.1772 J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 583-593 (2009)
An Inventory Model with Exponential Demand Rate, Finite Production Rate and Shortages
Authors: Begum R. , Sahu S. K. , Sahoo R. R. 
Published: September 2009

The paper contains an order-level inventory model having the demand rate to be a function of time. Here shortages are allowed and completely backlogged. An optimal model is developed by considering exponential demand which minimizes the total average cost. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the developed model. Sensitivity analysis of the optimal solution with respect to major parameters is carried out. Keywords: Inventory; EOQ; Finite production; Shortages; Exponential demand. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2054 J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 473-483 (2009)
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of the Metal Complexes with Cyanex 302
Authors: Alam M. A. , Pal T. K. 
Published: September 2009

The synthesis and characterization of metal complexes of the Cyanex 302 [bis(2, 4, 4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid] are reported. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivity, molecular mass determination and magnetic measurements, infrared and electronic spectral studies. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the ligand and metal complexes have also been investigated. They have the stoichiometry of the type 1. [MgL2].H2O, 2. [Ca L2].H2O, 3. [ZrOL2].H2O, 4. [FeL3] and 5. [NiL2]. Electronic spectral data and the magnetic moment values suggested the complexes 1 and 2 are tetrahedral geometry, while the complexes 3, 4 and 5 are square pyramidal, octahedral and square planar geometry around the central metal ions, respectively. Besides, magnetic susceptibility measurements of the complexes also revealed that complexes 1-3 and 5 are diamagnetic in nature, except complex 4, which is paramagnetic. The metal complexes showed stronger antibacterial and antifungal activities than the ligand. Keywords: Antibacterial, antifungal; Bis(2, 4, 4-trimethylpentyl) mothiophosphinic acid; Cyanex 302. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2259 J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 647-654 (2009)
Antioxidant Activity of <i>Actinodaphne Hookeri</i> Meissn Leaves
Authors: Prajapati D. D. , Patel N. , Mruthunjaya K. , Savadi R. 
Published: September 2009

Leaves of Actinodaphne hookeri (AH) Meissn (family, lauraceae, pisa) are used traditionally in the treatment of diabetes, disorders of the urinary tract which are more common in Chhattisgarh and eastern part of India. It contains flavonoids and quercetin-3-rhamnoside as an important constituent. The leaves were extracted with 70% hydro alcoholic solvent. Preliminary phytochemical investigation showed the presence of triterpenoids, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides and carbohydrates. The antioxidant activity of 70% hydro alcoholic extracts of AH was evaluated in vitro by various experimental parameters such as b-carotene-linoleic acid, lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity. Our results showed that Actinodaphne hookeri leaves displayed potent antioxidant properties, supporting the ethnomedical use given to this plant to treat diabetes and urinary disorder. Keywords: Actinodaphne hookeri; Antioxidant; Lipid peroxidation; Total antioxidant capacity. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2266 J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 606-614 (2009)
Preparation, Investigation and Theoretical Study of &alpha;-chloroacetamide-N-(p-substituted) phenyl
Authors: Al-Hazam Hanan A 
Published: September 2009

Six new compounds of α-chloroacetamide-N-(p-substituted) phenyl of general formula ClCH2CONHPhX; where X = H, Me, OMe, Br, Cl and NO2 have been prepared and investigated spectroscopically and theoretically. AM1 and PM3 semi empirical methods were confirmed that compounds existed as amide form. Keywords: IR; 13CNMR; α-chloroacetamide-(N-P-X) phenyl; Correlation analysis; AM1 semi-empirical calculation.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2301 J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 576-582 (2009)
Antimicrobial Activity of <i>Phoebe lanceolata</i> and <i>Stephania glabra</i>; Preliminary Screening Studies
Authors: Semwal D. K. , Rawat U. , Bamola A. , Semwal R. 
Published: September 2009

Ethanolic extracts of Phoebe lanceolata stem bark and Stephania glabra tubers were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against five bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus (along with ten hospital strains), Staphylococcus mutans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and six fungal species Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillum citranum, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum, obtained from different culture media. The plants/parts extracts were found active against most of the tested microorganism with MIC range of 50-100µg/ml. The MIC was taken at the lower concentration where inhibition ceased. Novobiocin (15 µg/ml) and erythromycin (15 µg/ml) were used as positive controls for bacterial and fungus species respectively. Keywords:Antimicrobial activity; Streptococcus mutans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microsporum gypseum; Nutrient and Sabouraud’s dextrose agar medium. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2423 J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 662-666 (2009)
Study of Convex Sublattices of a Lattice by a New Approach
Authors: Rahman R. M. H 
Published: September 2009

The set of all convex sublattices CS(L) of a lattice L have been studied by a new approach. Introducing a new partial ordering relation "≤" it is shown that CS(L) is a lattice. Moreover L and CS(L) are in the same equational class. A number of properties of (CS(L); ≤) has also been included. Keywords: Convex sublattices; Standard element; Neutral element; Congruence.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2484 J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 558-562 (2009)
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Theoretical Study of Schiff Bases Derived from Phenylsulfonylamide
Authors: Hadi J. S. , Alsalam B. K. , Essa A.H. 
Published: September 2009

The synthesis, characterization, and theoretical study of two Schiff bases of ligands derived from condensation of sulphoacetamide sodium with 4-methoxy benzaldehyde and salicalaldehyde arereported. Spectroscopic techniques, including IR, UV, 1H NMR, and CHN analysis were used to identify the product. The calculated HOMO is largely localized on the N-benzylideneaniline fragment, while the calculated LUMO of the studied molecule is seen to be substantially localized along the C–C axis of the conjugated system. Keyword: Sulphoacetamide sodium complex; Schiff bases; Sulpha drug; Semi-empirical (PM3) methods. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2589 J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 563-568 (2009)
Selected Risk Factors for Myocardial Infarction among the Patients Admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital
Authors: Rahsid Abdur , Islam Md Mofakkurul , Islam Md Rafiqul 
Published: September 2009

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the common form of coronary heart disease. A large number of modifiable risk factors had been identified. This descriptive study was done to observe selected risk factors among the MI patients admitted in CCU of cardiology department of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital in the month of March to June 2005. Data were collected from 200 patients using a closed end questionnaire. Anterior, inferior and non-Q types of MI occupied the major (25%, 24.5% & 20.5%) portion of study subjects, CK-MB level was high in all MI patients, majority (57.5%) of the patients were smoker & most of them had smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day except Non-Q and antero-septal MI patients. Majority (57%) of the patients had systolic blood pressure (SBP) above 140mmHg but had normal diastolic blood pressure (DBP <90mmHg). Serum cholesterol level was high in all patients but majority (55.5%) had LDL within normal range. Less than half (46%) of the patients were diabetic (RBS >8mmol/l). doi: 10.3329/taj.v18i1.3302 TAJ 2005; 18(1): 37-42
The Church of Scotland and the English Apocalyptic Imagination, 1630 to 1650
Authors: GRIBBEN CRAWFORD 
Published: September 2009

This article explores the evolution of the eschatological identity of the Church of Scotland within the framework of English puritan apocalyptic thought in the period 1630–50. From the beginnings of reformation, English protestant theologians constructed an elaborate series of readings of Biblical apocalyptic texts through which they attempted to understand contemporary events. By the 1630s, English puritan exegetes had begun to identify within the Biblical text a distinctive role for Scottish Presbyterianism. The Scottish church, which, in the opinion of many English puritans, moved towards a more rigorously reformed ecclesiology as the 1630s progressed, was identified as a harbinger of the millennial glory that English puritans would shortly share. But as the relationship between Parliament and Presbytery turned sour, English puritans increasingly identified the Scottish church as the apocalyptic menace that stood in the way of their millennial fulfilment – a feeling made vivid in the rhetoric of the Cromwellian invasion.
PREPARATION OF GELATIN NANOPARTICLES WITH EGFR SELECTION ABILITY VIA BIOTINYLATED-EGF CONJUGATION FOR LUNG CANCER TARGETING
Authors: Tseng Ching-Li , Lin Feng-Huei 
Published: September 2009

Lung cancer is the most malignant cancer today, and specific drug delivery has been developed for superior outcome. In this study, gelatin nanoparticles (GPs) were firstly employed as native carriers. Second, NeutrAvidinFITCwas then grafted on the particle surface (GP-Av); finally much more amount of biotinylated EGF were able to be conjugated with NeutrAvidinFITCforming ligand- binding nanoparticles (GP-Av-bEGF) to enhance the targeting efficiency. These nanoparticles were applied as EGFR-seeking agents to detect lung cancer cells.Results of particle characterization show that the modification process had no influence on size (230 nm). Round and smooth nanoparticles were observed by AFM. The surface property of nanoparticles was characterized by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and flowcytometry analysis as well as by examining the interaction of the modified EGF on particle surface with the ability to recognize EGFR.The binding ability of GPs with or without EGF modification is different. SPR assay showed that EGF-conjugated particles (GP-Av-bEGF) have stronger and faster bonding signal than the unmodified one (GP-Av). Free EGF competition results from SPR and A549 cell (lung adenocarcinoma cells) culture also confirmed the EGF receptormediated endocytosis mechanism for nanoparticles with EGF-modified binding. The in vitro targeting ability was confirmed by the uptake rate of different cells via flow cytometry assay. GP-Av-bEGF resulted in higher entrance efficiency on A549 than on normal lung cells (HFL1) and U2-OS (osteosarcoma cells) due to A549 possessing more amounts of EGFR. The targeting ability of GP-Av-bEGF nanoparticles with specific EGFR tracing ability was proved, which holds promise for further anticancer drug applications.
BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ELBOW JOINT LOADING DURING PUSH-UP
Authors: Chou Pei-Hsi , Lou Shu-Zon , Chen Shen-Kai , Chen Hsin-Chieh , Wu Tsung-Hsien , Chou You-Li 
Published: September 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the static and dynamic forces within the joints during push-up loading of the upper extremity.Ten healthy male students volunteered for this study. They were asked to complete six sets of push-ups in five different hand positions. The Expert Vision Motion Analysis System with six CCD cameras, and a Kistler force plate was used to measure the relative joint position and ground reaction force.Hand position was found to have a statistically significant effect on the axial force. The maximum axial force decreased from "normal" when hands were placed "apart" (45.0% BW, p = 0.012) or "superior" (44.5% BW, p = 0.01). Hand position had a significant effect on the flexion moment of the elbow joint. A greater reduction of flexion torque at 997.3 N-cm (p = 0.001) was experienced with hands "apart." Greater flexion torque existed throughout the cycle with hands "together" and equaled 2301.4 N-cm (p = 0.002).This study provides information about the kinematic and kinetic patterns of the upper extremities, and how hand position affects intersegmental loading. Attention must be given to the valgus torque encountered during push-up exercises. Patients with medial collateral ligament repair and total elbow arthroplasty should be protected from such exercises immediately post-treatment.
CXCR3 Mediates Renal Th1 and Th17 Immune Response in Murine Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Steinmetz Oliver M. , Turner Jan-Eric , Paust Hans-Joachim , Lindner Matthias , Peters Anett , Heiss Kirstin , Velden Joachim , Hopfer Helmut , Fehr Susanne , Krieger Thorsten , Meyer-Schwesinger Catherine , Meyer Tobias N. , Helmchen Udo , Mittrücker Hans-Willi , Stahl Rolf A. K. , Panzer Ulf 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Infiltration of T cells into the kidney is a typical feature of human and experimental lupus nephritis that contributes to renal tissue injury. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 is highly expressed on Th1 cells and is supposed to be crucial for their trafficking into inflamed tissues. In this study, we explored the functional role of CXCR3 using the MRL/MpJ-Faslpr (MRL/lpr) mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus that closely resembles the human disease. CXCR3−/− mice were generated and backcrossed into the MRL/lpr background. Analysis of 20-wk-old CXCR3−/− MRL/lpr mice showed amelioration of nephritis with reduced glomerular tissue damage and decreased albuminuria and T cell recruitment. Most importantly, not only the numbers of renal IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells, but also of IL-17-producing Th17 cells were significantly reduced. Unlike in inflamed kidneys, there was no reduction in the numbers of IFN-γ- or IL-17-producing T cells in spleens, lymph nodes, or the small intestine of MRL/lpr CXCR3−/− mice. This observation suggests impaired trafficking of effector T cells to injured target organs, rather than the inability of CXCR3−/− mice to mount efficient Th1 and Th17 immune responses. These findings show a crucial role for CXCR3 in the development of experimental lupus nephritis by directing pathogenic effector T cells into the kidney. For the first time, we demonstrate a beneficial effect of CXCR3 deficiency through attenuation of both the Th1 and the newly defined Th17 immune response. Our data therefore identify the chemokine receptor CXCR3 as a promising therapeutic target in lupus nephritis.
The Toll-IL-1R Member Tir8/SIGIRR Negatively Regulates Adaptive Immunity against Kidney Grafts
Authors: Noris Marina , Cassis Paola , Azzollini Nadia , Cavinato Regiane , Cugini Daniela , Casiraghi Federica , Aiello Sistiana , Solini Samantha , Cassis Linda , Mister Marilena , Todeschini Marta , Abbate Mauro , Benigni Ariela , Trionfini Piera , Tomasoni Susanna , Mele Caterina , Garlanda Cecilia , Polentarutti Nadia , Mantovani Alberto , Remuzzi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Members of the TLR/IL-1R superfamily mediate ischemia/reperfusion injury and initiate immune response in transplanted organs. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Toll-IL-1R8 (TIR8), a negative regulator of TLR/IL-1R highly expressed in the kidney, modulates immune cell activation underlying kidney rejection. In a mouse model of fully mismatched kidney allotransplantation in which the graft is spontaneously accepted, intragraft Tir8 expression was enhanced compared with naive kidneys. Targeted deletion of Tir8 in the graft exerted a powerful antitolerogenic action leading to acute rejection. Similarly, in a mouse model of kidney graft acceptance induced by costimulation blockade, most Tir8−/− grafts were acutely rejected. Despite similar levels of TLR4, IL-1R, and their ligands, the posttransplant ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammatory response was more severe in Tir8−/− than in Tir8+/+ grafts and was followed by expansion and maturation of resident dendritic cell precursors. In vitro, Tir8−/− dendritic cell precursors acquired higher allostimulatory activity and released more IL-6 upon stimulation with a TLR4 ligand and TNF-α than Tir8+/+ cells, which may explain the increased frequency of antidonor-reactive T cells and the block of regulatory T cell formation in recipients of a Tir8−/− kidney. Thus, TIR8 acts locally as a key regulator of allogeneic immune response in the kidney. Tir8 expression and/or signaling in donor tissue are envisaged as a novel target for control of innate immunity and amelioration of graft survival.