bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A system of grabbing particles related to Galton‐Watson trees
Authors: Bertoin Jean , Sidoravicius Vladas , Vares Maria Eulalia 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe consider a system of particles with arms that are activated randomly to grab other particles as a toy model for polymerization. We assume that the following two rules are fulfilled: once a particle has been grabbed then it cannot be grabbed again, and an arm cannot grab a particle that belongs to its own cluster. We are interested in the shape of a typical polymer in the situation when the initial number of monomers is large and the numbers of arms of monomers are given by i.i.d. random variables. Our main result is a limit theorem for the empirical distribution of polymers, where limit is expressed in terms of a Galton‐Watson tree. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2010
Network‐initiated simultaneous mobility in voice over 3GPP‐WLAN
Authors: Chiang Wei‐Kuo , Chang Wen‐Yen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractVoIP over WLAN (VoWLAN) gradually has become a popular application with the fast maturing of both WLAN and Voice over IP (VoIP) technology. However there exists one problem that heavily affects the satisfaction of the users which is that the mobility of the mobile host (MH) can disrupt or even intermittently disconnect an ongoing real‐time session. Therefore the issue of how to reduce the handover delay gets more and more important. This paper proposes a Network‐Initiated SimUltaneouS mobility (NISUS) mechanism to facilitate terminal mobility with the session initiation protocol (SIP) in Voice over 3GPP‐WLAN. We design the E2E tunnel state model running on the packet data gateway (PDG) referring to the CAMEL concept. The NISUS is triggered at the PDG by detecting the state transition of the E2E tunnel state model that represents the occurrence of a handover. Then the PDG sends the handover request to notify the Mobility Server (MS) to perform a third party call control (3PCC) and a third party registration on behalf of the MH in parallel for session re‐establishment. With the help of the MS we ensure the lost signaling messages could be correctly re‐sent to moving hosts. Moreover the Master‐Slave Determination procedures derived from H.245 are proposed for the MS in order to handle the racing conditions fairly when two MSs involved in a simultaneous mobility issue 3PCC calls respectively at about the same time. We demonstrate the NISUS works well in the simultaneous and non‐simultaneous movement cases. Analytical results show that the handover delay can be improved significantly by using the NISUS compared with the mobile‐initiated simultaneous/non‐simultaneous mobility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic Counseling for Fetal Abnormalities in a South African Community
Authors: Todd Caryn , Haw Tabitha , Kromberg Jennifer , Christianson Arnold 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFetal abnormalities are congenital abnormalities identified prenatally. Women who have a fetal abnormality detected often have to make difficult decisions regarding continuation or termination of the pregnancy. The aims of this research project were: to investigate some of the factors that influenced the decision to terminate a pregnancy in which fetal abnormalities were diagnosed; and to determine the implications for genetic counseling practice in South Africa. The study was retrospective and file‐based. A total of 171 women counseled for fetal abnormalities, between 2002 and 2006, were identified and relevant data were collected from their records. Altogether 116/170 (68.2%) women were offered termination of pregnancy, and 73/113 (65%) requested the procedure. Early gestation, gestation at the time termination was offered, and ethnicity of the patient, were significantly associated with a termination request. Black patients were less likely to request termination, but more likely to receive a late diagnosis than other patients. Genetic counselors need to adopt an advocacy and educational role to improve this situation. Furthermore, a better understanding of the cultural and ethnicity‐related issues is required.
Annona squamosa and Catunaregam nilotica Seeds, the Effect of the Extraction Method on the Oil Composition
Authors: Mariod Abdalbasit Adam , Elkheir Sara , Ahmed Yousif Mohamed , Matthäus Bertrand 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAnnona squamosa and Catunaregam nilotica seeds and oils were characterized for their approximate analysis and physico‐chemical properties. The oil and protein contents were 26.8, 17.5 and 40.0, 22.2%, in A. squamosa and C. nilotica seeds, respectively. The oils were extracted using cold extraction (CE) and Soxhlet extraction (SE) methods. Fatty acids and tocopherols were determined by GC–MS and HPLC, respectively. Generally the physico‐chemical properties and fatty acids were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the extraction methods. The major fatty acids of A. squamosa oil extracted by CE and SE were oleic 49.2 and 50.5%, linoleic 22.3 and 22.7%, palmitic 15.6 and 15.2%, and stearic 10.6 and 9.3%, respectively. While the major fatty acids in C. nilotica oil extracted by CE and SE were oleic 10.5, and 10.4%, linoleic 63.1 and 63.4%, palmitic 9.7 and 9.8% and stearic 5.1 and 5.4%, respectively. The tocopherol content of CE and SE extracted oils from A. squamosa amounted to 16.6 and 15.5 and from C. nilotica amounted to 110.5 and 107.7 mg/100 g oil, respectively, with delta‐tocopherol as the predominant tocopherol in A. squamosa oil, and beta‐tocopherol in C. nilotica oil. The total amount of amino acids was found to be 7.266 and 14.202 g/100 g protein, in seeds of A. squamosa and C. nilotica, respectively.
Le don de sperme en Belgique: entre loi et pratique
Authors: Debry J.-M. 
Published: February 2010

Résumé
Au même titre que les autres pratiques du domaine des procréations médicalement assistées (PMA), l’IAD (insémination avec sperme de donneur) bénéficie, en Belgique, d’un encadrement législatif étroit qui se limite toutefois au cadre dans lequel cette pratique est autorisée et qui en permet légalement l’accès, depuis 2007, aux couples de lesbiennes et aux femmes seules. C’est un avis du comité national d’éthique de 2004 qui précise avec toutefois les diverses déclinaisons habituelles propres au pays pluriel qu’est la Belgique, ce qui est recommandé. De façon évidente et apparemment consensuelle, l’accès à l’identité du donneur semble devoir être exclu pour le moment, même si une porte reste ouverte, principalement à l’attention et à la demande expresse des lesbiennes et femmes seules, sur la divulgation d’informations non identifiantes du donneur, autres que celles qui tiennent à son seul phénotype.
Vegetable intake in Korea: data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998, 2001 and 2005
Authors: Lee Jung-Sug , Kim Jeongseon 
Published: February 2010

The purpose of the present study was to analyse vegetable intake by the Korean population based on different meal formats. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to assess daily vegetable intake and consumption ratio of vegetables for different meal types/dining locations. Analysis was stratified by sex and age group. Daily vegetable intake increased from 293·5 g in 1998 to 305·7 g in 2001 and to 335·9 g in 2005. Findings were similar in men and women, as well as in each age group. Analyses for each meal type revealed that vegetable intake during breakfast did not substantially change, but vegetable intake increased during lunch and dinner. While vegetable consumption ratio during breakfast decreased, it increased during lunch and snack time. Men and women showed similar change in the analysis for meal types and dining locations. There were some differences between the age groups in daily vegetable intake depending on the meal type. Another notable observation was the increasing change of vegetable intake during lunch and during meals eaten at cafeterias and restaurants in all the age groups. Analysis of vegetable consumption ratio showed an increased consumption in cafeterias, restaurants, and other places and decreased vegetable intake at home for those aged 16–64 years with time. Since this change may be related to improvements in socioeconomic status, it will be necessary to further investigate difference in vegetable intake based on socioeconomic levels within the population.
Maternal low-protein diet during mouse pre-implantation development induces vascular dysfunction and altered renin–angiotensin-system homeostasis in the offspring
Authors: Watkins Adam J. , Lucas Emma S. , Torrens Christopher , Cleal Jane K. , Green Lauren , Osmond Clive , Eckert Judith J. , Gray William P. , Hanson Mark A. , Fleming Tom P. 
Published: February 2010

Environmental perturbations during early mammalian development can affect aspects of offspring growth and cardiovascular health. We have demonstrated previously that maternal gestational dietary protein restriction in mice significantly elevated adult offspring systolic blood pressure. Therefore, the present study investigates the key mechanisms of blood pressure regulation in these mice. Following mating, female MF-1 mice were assigned to either a normal-protein diet (NPD; 18 % casein) or an isocaloric low-protein diet throughout gestation (LPD; 9 % casein), or fed the LPD exclusively during the pre-implantation period (3·5 d) before returning to the NPD for the remainder of gestation (Emb-LPD). All offspring received standard chow. At 22 weeks, isolated mesenteric arteries from LPD and Emb-LPD males displayed significantly attenuated vasodilatation to isoprenaline (P = 0·04 andP = 0·025, respectively), when compared with NPD arteries. At 28 weeks, stereological analysis of glomerular number in female left kidneys revealed no significant difference between the groups. Real-time RT-PCR analysis of type 1a angiotensin II receptor, Na+/K+ATPase transporter subunits and glucocorticoid receptor expression in male and female left kidneys revealed no significant differences between the groups. LPD females displayed elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity (P = 0·044), whilst Emb-LPD males had elevated lung ACE activity (P = 0·001), when compared with NPD offspring. These data demonstrate that elevated offspring systolic blood pressure following maternal gestational protein undernutrition is associated with impaired arterial vasodilatation in male offspring, elevated serum and lung ACE activity in female and male offspring, respectively, but kidney glomerular number in females and kidney gene expression in male and female offspring appear unaffected.
‘Le Sacre du Printemps’: The Revisions
Authors: Craft Robert 
Published: February 2010

The 1921 orchestra score of Le Sacre du printemps, the first to be published, differs greatly from the original (1913) version. In a letter to an unidentified French correspondent, 9 January 1918, Stravinsky says that the printing of the first edition was interrupted by the war, and that he possesses only one copy of the proofs. A year later, answering a request by Felix Delgrange to perform the Sacre, the composer writes says…105 musicians are required and you have only 80. Also, it is necessary to follow my markings. Furthermore, the only orchestra parts in existence are in my possession. (Letter of April, 1919)
Markevitch: The Early Works and Beyond
Authors: Drew David 
Published: February 2010

The subject has suddenly become volatile, and even the simplest facts have a heady aroma. Let us nevertheless begin with a few that may, without evaporating altogether, help place Markevitch in his context.Should posterity number him among the historically essential composers of our century, his nearest contemporaries in that sense would be Britten and René Leibowitz, who were born a year later, in 1913; the next nearest, Messiaen and Carter, who are four years his senior.
The Mantle of Diaghileff
Authors: Squire W. H. Haddon 
Published: February 2010

A ballet, like every work of art, has what may be called a “life” or “time-body,” that something which remains a unity or whole, under all changes of condition, approach and fashion—the “Linga-Sharira” of Hindu philosophy.In his interesting book “This Thing Called Ballet,” George Borodin touches the fringe of this idea when he points out that there is no system of dance notation comparable to that of music; none capable of recording with exactness the intricate movements and rhythms of modern ballet. As the reproduction and revival of works depend almost entirely upon the memory of choreographers and individual artists, “even often repeated ballets are in a constant state of change … From generation to generation there are minute changes until the whole is subtly and fundamentally altered.” These changes include, of course, differences in casting, orchestral direction, renewal of décor and costumes, with other elements too numerous to mention. Even one performance is never precisely the same as another. In short, the balletomane finds himself in the not very congenial company of the “weeping philosopher,” Heraclitus. “You cannot step twice,” he said, “into the same river; for the water into which you first stepped will by now have flowed on, and other water will have taken its place.” Is it the same river? The same ballet?
Serial Composition Today
Authors: Still Robert 
Published: February 2010

I can assure Mr. Iain Hamilton that the problem of the composer in facing up to serial technique is not nearly such a difficult one as the psychological problem posed by the coercive idealism of our time whether in music or any other sphere.Like all idealists Mr. Hamilton overstates his case, when he writes, ‘Whereas one realises that a composer may pass through a period of the composition of some such works at a certain stage of his development, it seems strange that a composer can be content to remain in what is surely a dead world.’ ‘I also find it strange that one composer should be content to use another composer's hard-won style, and feel no responsibility that he must contribute something of his own if he is to meet the challenge offered to him.’
Some Reflections on Opera as a Medium
Authors: Auden W. H. 
Published: February 2010

Every artistic medium reflects some area of human experience. These areas often overlap but never coincide, for if two media could do the same thing equally well one would be unnecessary.When someone, like myself, after years of working in one medium, essays another for the first time, he should always, I believe, try to discover its proper principles before starting work. Otherwise he is in danger of carrying over assumptions and habits of mind which have become second nature to him into a field where, as a matter of fact, they do not and cannot apply.
Music in Turkey
Authors: Weldon George 
Published: February 2010

Turkey has now had four Anglo-Turkish Music Festivals in Ankara, organised by the British Council and the Turkish Ministry of Fine Arts. The first of these (1948) and the fourth (1951) I had the pleasure of conducting.Perhaps because of her distance from England, it is frequently not realised to what extent Turkey has advanced musically during the relatively brief space of time that she has been developing on Western musical lines. There are only two Symphony Orchestras in Turkey, at Ankara and at Istanbul, and both these are composed almost entirely of Turkish musicians. The Presidential Philharmonic Orchestra at Ankara is over seventy strong, and also provides the nucleus for the Radio Orchestra and the Opera Orchestra. For the Festival, seven rehearsals were allowed for each concert, and these were of course necessary to assimilate what were almost all new works to the repertory of the Orchestra, including Vaughan Williams' Job, Richard Arnell's Piano Concerto and Alan Rawsthorne's Symphonic Studies, quite apart from new Turkish works, which I will refer to later. The quality of orchestral playing is reasonably high, by any standard; there is a very pleasant warm string tone, and the principal woodwind players are truly excellent, the brass section is quite reliable, and I was particularly struck by the playing of the first horn.
The Development of Musical Life in Vienna Since 1945
Authors: Tenschert Roland 
Published: February 2010

Richard Strauss wrote these words in a letter to me in 1944. Their tone indicates his state of mind after Goebbels had declared total war and with a stroke of his pen had brought the artistic life of Germany to a standstill and condemned musicians to war-work.But worse was to follow. Opera house after opera house fell victim to the intensified bombing raids. A direct hit destroyed the rear portion of the Vienna Staatsoper, right to the floor of the stage, on 12th March 1945. Four further hits completely destroyed the stage and turned the glory of the auditorium into rubble and ashes. Some of the disaster might have been prevented had the firefighting team who were familiar with the building not been called up for warwork and the service not been manned by untrained newcomers. Thus, in a few hours, one of the most famous temples of the arts became a smoking ruin. The final strafing came a few weeks later, with the entry of soviet troops.
Problems and Solutions in the Production of ‘Gloriana’
Authors: Coleman Basil 
Published: February 2010

Best plan would probably be for ramps from which chorus could stand as if watching tournament happening in arena off stage. Chorus movements and reactions very useful in this way—would carry the initial excitement.Judge best alternative to suggest arena by circle of gaily coloured tents between which Cuffe can dodge as if following tournament. Also, use a series of graded rostrums and steps, curved to suggest that they surround the arena.
Ariadne Auf Naxos
Authors: Lismann Else Mayer 
Published: February 2010

The Strauss-Hofmannstal Ariadne holds a special place in operatic history as well as in the world of art as such, and above all in the life and development of this singular partnership between poet and composer which was to last for over twenty years.In the works of these two artists it is always of particular interest to follow the gradual act of creation—the constant development of “the first idea,” which like a plant is being carefully watched and cultivated until it finally reaches maturity.
Towards an Amalgamation of Opera and Ballet
Authors: Koegler Horst 
Published: February 2010

Ballet-premièeres of to-day have often all the glamour which was formerly a prerogative of opera. One has only to see the meteor-like career of the Diaghilev Ballet, the steady evolution of the Sadler's Wells Ballet, or even more recent the splendid progress of Balanchine's New York City Ballet, not to mention Paris, where opera always took second place, to be aware of this vital new development.Even in Germany, which has little ballet-tradition, these signs are no longer to be neglected. The chief example is the Faust-ballet Abraxas by Werner Egk, which had a record number of sold-out performances at the Berlin Städtische Oper. No wonder that composers especially interested in the progress of the musical theatre, seek to exploit the latest trends for a synthesis of ballet-opera. Opera and ballet completely integrated! Opera itself has always tried to employ ballet for its own purposes. London knows of the Sadler's Wells Dido and the more recent Ashton-production of Gluck's Orpheus at the Garden, Paris had its greatest success of the last seasons when it revived Rameau's ballet-opera Les Indes Galantes and New York remembers the choreographic production of Bartóok's Bluebeard's Castle at the City Center. German directors often cast the three boys and three ladies in Die Zauberflöte with dancers and Tietjen, in his Berlin production of Strauss's Ariadne auf Naxos banished the singing entourage of Zerbinetta and the three nymphs to the orchestra-pit, while their roles were executed by dancers, too.
Novelties at the Proms
Authors: Chapman Ernest 
Published: February 2010

The “appalling popularity” of music—to quote the phrase of the moment in the Most Advanced Circles—is nowhere more obvious than at the Promenade Concerts this summer.The days are gone when the knowing ones could walk into Queen's Hall with a ‘complimentary’ bestowed with almost desperate eagerness, or, at worst, with the certainty of being able to buy a ticket for any part of the house. Try now to buy a seat, a week after the box-office has opened—then join the army of those who will listen-in at home.
Australian Symphony Orchestra
Authors: Slocombe Cecil 
Published: February 2010

A new symphony orchestra aiming at the highest standards has been founded this year in Sydney. There has been no ‘stunting’ in order to attract fame, no desperate appeals for funds, and in fact the necessity of asking for subscriptions from the public has simply not arisen.The orchestra, which has a full complement of eighty players, is financed jointly by the Australian Broadcasting Commission (a non-commercial concern), the New South Wales State Government, and the Sydney City Council. It is assured of a subsidy of £60,000 annually for three years—£30,000 from the A.B.C., £20,000 from the State Government, and £10,000 from the City Council. The last mentioned will also grant free use of the city concert hall, usually rented at £40 a night.
Mozart's Wrong Key Signature
Authors: Keller Hans 
Published: February 2010

Articles about keys tend to remain unread, even by musicians, who will pick out the odd point of interest, but regard tonal structure as something to be heard and not seen, as indeed it is. It's even true to say that most articles on keys are, in fact, boring: they explain, in infinitely patient conceptual detail, what is part and parcel of one's instinctive musical experience anyway, if one is musical at all—so why bother?However, my subject is not a key, but a non-key—the most dramatic non-key I know in our entire diatonic literature. No technical knowledge is needed to appreciate what is a 181-year-old sensation. All you need to know is what one sharp means in a key signature. For the rest, it's worth getting a score of Cosi fan tutte out of the library if you don't possess one.
Delius's Sources
Authors: Stevenson Ronald 
Published: February 2010

Peter Warlock's monograph on Delius (John Lane, The Bodley Head, London, 1923, revised edition 1952, pp. 31–2) quotes Delius's childhood reminiscences. They include this significant passage:My first great musical impression was hearing the posthumous Valse of Chopin which a friend of my father's played for me when I was ten years old. It made an extraordinary impression on me … I remember that after hearing it twice I could play the whole piece through from memory.