bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement on wheat bread quality by in situ produced dextran—A comprehensive review from the viewpoint of starch and gluten
Authors: Zhang Yao , Wang Dongxu , Zhang Zhihong , Guan Huanan , Zhang Yanjie , Xu Dan , Xu Xueming , Li Dandan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeterioration of bread quality, characterized by the staling of bread crumb, the softening of bread crust and the loss of aroma, has caused a huge food waste and economic loss, which is a bottleneck restriction to the development of the breadmaking industry. Various bread improvers have been widely used to alleviate the issue. However, it is noteworthy that the sourdough technology has emerged as a pivotal factor in this regard. In sourdough, the metabolic breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids leads to the production of exopolysaccharides, organic acids, aroma compounds, or prebiotics, which contributes to the preeminent ability of sourdough to enhance bread attributes. Moreover, sourdough exhibits a “green‐label” feature, which satisfies the consumers’ increasing demand for additive‐free food products. In the past two decades, there has been a significant focus on sourdough with in situ produced dextran due to its exceptional performance. In this review, the behaviors of bread crucial compositions (i.e., starch and gluten) during dough mixing, proofing, baking and bread storing, as well as alterations induced by the acidic environment and the presence of dextran are systemically summarized. From the viewpoint of starch and gluten, results obtained confirm the synergistic amelioration on bread quality by the coadministration of acidity and dextran, and also highlight the central role of acidification. This review contributes to establishing a theoretical foundation for more effectively enhancing the quality of wheat breads through the application of in situ produced dextran.
A pilot study regarding the feasibility and efficacy of an outpatient treatment program for young adult high‐risk offenders (YAHOP)
Authors: van Gisbergen Maarten P. , Hoogsteder Larissa M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis pilot study examines whether the Young Adult Habitual Offender Program (YAHOP), an intensive and outpatient program, is related to a reduction in the general risk of recidivism, common forensic symptomology as well as cognitive distortions. The program integrity (PI) was assessed, with the intent to explore the relationship between the level of PI and any changes in several outcome variables. Additionally, the study examines whether participants with a migration background benefitted equally from YAHOP compared to participants with a native Dutch background. The sample comprised n = 90 high‐risk young adult offenders. Results show a decrease in general risk of recidivism. The dynamic risk factors delinquent social network, insufficient impulse control, and dysfunctional problem‐solving skills also show a decrease, as well as the forensic symptoms of aggression and anger. Effect sizes are small, except for anger, which has a medium effect size. We found no change in cognitive distortions and problematic substance use. YAHOP shows to be responsive and culturally sensitive, as the participants with a migration background show a significant decrease in general risk of recidivism. No moderator analysis was conducted due to an overall low level of program integrity. After improving program integrity, full‐scale quantitative research is needed as YAHOP has the potential as a promising desistance program for high‐risk offenders, as in this study the 56 non‐completers were also included.
Clinical features of patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the association of its relapse with infection: Across‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Xu Peijun , Huang Jianlin , Hu Zaiying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and the relationship between RMDs relapse and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional observational study among 585 patients with RMDs and 619 individuals without RMDs. Data on demographics, the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), antirheumatic therapy, and RMD relapse were collected. Differences between RMDs and control groups, infected and uninfected groups, relapse and non‐relapse RMDs groups were examined. The influence of COVID‐19 infection on medications and relapse of RMDs was also assessed.ResultsAmong 1204 participants finally recruited for analysis, 1030 (85.5%) were infected with COVID‐19. Seven hundred and ninety‐five (77.2%) of infected individuals were female, and the median age was 40 years (IQR 33, 50). Patients in the RMD group had a relatively lower risk of COVID‐19 symptoms whereas were significantly more likely to require hospitalization (6.7% vs. 2.2%). In the RMDs group, younger patients who were under the age of 65 were more likely to report more symptoms. More patients with RMD relapse (27, 34.6%) adjusted their medications during the period of COVID‐19 infection than those without relapse (59, 13.2%).ConclusionPatients with RMDs were at lower risk of symptoms of COVID‐19. Rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease patients experience a higher risk of relapse especially when they adjust medications during COVID‐19 infection. The long‐term prognosis of infected RMDs patients need further investigation.
Neuronal microstructural changes in the human brain are associated with neurocognitive aging
Authors: Singh Kavita , Barsoum Stephanie , Schilling Kurt G. , An Yang , Ferrucci Luigi , Benjamini Dan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGray matter (GM) alterations play a role in aging‐related disorders like Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, yet MRI studies mainly focus on macroscopic changes. Although reliable indicators of atrophy, morphological metrics like cortical thickness lack the sensitivity to detect early changes preceding visible atrophy. Our study aimed at exploring the potential of diffusion MRI in unveiling sensitive markers of cortical and subcortical age‐related microstructural changes and assessing their associations with cognitive and behavioral deficits. We leveraged the Human Connectome Project‐Aging cohort that included 707 participants (394 female; median age = 58, range = 36–90 years) and applied the powerful mean apparent diffusion propagator model to measure microstructural parameters, along with comprehensive behavioral and cognitive test scores. Both macro‐ and microstructural GM characteristics were strongly associated with age, with widespread significant microstructural correlations reflective of cellular morphological changes, reduced cellular density, increased extracellular volume, and increased membrane permeability. Importantly, when correlating MRI and cognitive test scores, our findings revealed no link between macrostructural volumetric changes and neurobehavioral performance. However, we found that cellular and extracellular alterations in cortical and subcortical GM regions were associated with neurobehavioral performance. Based on these findings, it is hypothesized that increased microstructural heterogeneity and decreased neurite orientation dispersion precede macrostructural changes, and that they play an important role in subsequent cognitive decline. These alterations are suggested to be early markers of neurocognitive performance that may distinctly aid in identifying the mechanisms underlying phenotypic aging and subsequent age‐related functional decline.
Investigating cognitive and motivational proximal outcomes in a randomized clinical trial of writing about the future self to reduce drinking
Authors: Lindgren Kristen P. , Baldwin Scott A. , Kross Ethan , Ramirez Jason J. , Tristao Ty , Peterson Kirsten P. , Teachman Bethany A. , Wiers Reinout W. , Neighbors Clayton 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDrinking identity (the extent to which one links the self with drinking alcohol) is a unique risk factor for college students' hazardous drinking that is not directly targeted by existing interventions. We conducted a study that aimed to decrease drinking identity among college students with hazardous drinking. We adapted a writing task about the future self and tested whether three writing sessions could decrease drinking identity and change drinking. We also investigated whether two additional factors (writing perspective and inclusion of participants' social networks) would enhance task impact. The present study evaluated whether posited proximal cognitive and motivational outcomes (drinking identity, self‐efficacy, readiness to change, and drinking intentions) changed immediately after each writing session.MethodThe study is a randomized clinical trial in which hypotheses and analyses were pre‐registered. Participants were 328 college students who met hazardous drinking criteria. The study had a 2 (narrative writing topic: low‐risk drinker vs. reduced smartphone use) × 2 (writing perspective: first‐person vs. non‐first‐person) × 2 (social network instruction: instructed to include vs. not) factorial design. Proximal outcomes were drinking identity, self‐efficacy, readiness to change, and drinking intentions. The clinical outcome was alcohol consumption. Participants completed three laboratory sessions at weekly intervals that included the writing task and pre‐ and post‐task assessments.ResultsResults were largely null, except that readiness to reduce drinking was higher in the low‐risk drinker condition and increased over the lab sessions. Time effects indicated that reductions in drinking identity, drinking intentions, and alcohol consumption, and increases in self‐efficacy were observed but did not change above and beyond control conditions.ConclusionsFindings indicate the need to strengthen the writing task and select a more appropriate control task to target proposed proximal outcomes. Future studies might try personalizing the task, evaluating its efficacy with individuals motivated to change their drinking, and using a control task that does not involve imagining a future self.
From the classroom to the kitchen: Embodying identity in NYC
Authors: Baines Kristina , Alvarez Jackeline 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAttending college, for many immigrant families, is a critical step in achieving the American Dream. This essay, written as a reflection and response between professor and student, explores the conflicting messages young community college students negotiate and process as they move through the City, revealing how knowledge learned in the college classroom is imbued with value beyond that knowledge that they have learned in their homes and neighborhoods. It shares how a research interest from their professor in the knowledge and practices their families have to teach was a point of processing and potential reconciliation of these conflicts related shifting identities, and notes the potential therapeutic value of the embodiment of heritage practices as part of ethnographic research and beyond.
Combining 5‐azacitidine with the E‐selectin antagonist uproleselan is an effective strategy to augment responses in myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Enjeti Anoop K. , Fogler William E. , Smith Theodore A. G. , Lincz Lisa F. , Bond Danielle R. , Magnani John L. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe interaction of acute myeloid leukaemic (AML) blasts with the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is a major determinant governing disease progression and resistance to treatment. The constitutive expression of E‐selectin in the vascular compartment of BM, a key endothelial cell factor, directly mediates chemoresistance via E‐selectin ligand/receptors. Despite the success of hypomethylating agent (HMA)‐containing regimens to induce remissions in older AML patients, the development of primary or secondary resistance is common. We report that following treatment with 5‐azacitidine, promoter regions regulating the biosynthesis of the E‐selectin ligands, sialyl Lewis X, become further hypomethylated. The resultant upregulation of these gene products, in particular α(1,3)‐fucosyltransferase VII (FUT7) and α(2,3)‐sialyltransferase IV (ST3GAL4), likely causes functional E‐selectin binding. When combined with the E‐selectin antagonist uproleselan, the adhesion to E‐selectin is reversed and the survival of mice transplanted with AML cells is prolonged. Finally, we present clinical evidence showing that BM myeloid cells from higher risk MDS and AML patients have the potential to bind E‐selectin, and these cells are more abundant in 5‐azacitidine‐non‐responsive patients. The collective data provide a strong rationale to evaluate 5‐azacitidine in combination with the E‐selectin antagonist, uproleselan, in this patient population.
Pediatric acute promyelocytic leukemia and Fanconi anemia: Case report and literature review
Authors: Freycon Claire , Sepulchre Edith , Lavallée Vincent‐Philippe , Mitchell David , MacMillan Margaret L. , Vezina Catherine , Goudie Catherine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) represents 5%–10% of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is the most curable subtype of AML. Fanconi anemia (FA) is one of the most common inherited bone marrow failure syndromes caused by biallelic pathogenic variants (PV) in specific DNA‐repair genes. Biallelic PVs in FANCD1/BRCA2 (FA‐D1) account for 3% of FA and are associated with early‐onset leukemia and a high risk of solid tumors. We report a 4 year‐old boy from non‐consanguineous parents diagnosed with standard risk APL. This child had café‐au‐lait spots and an extra thumb remnant. Genomic sequencing revealed two PV in FANCD1/BRCA2 confirming a diagnosis of FA‐D1. Chromosomal breakage studies were compatible with FA. Each parent carried one variant and had no personal history of cancer. Morphological then molecular remissions were achieved with all‐trans retinoic acid and Arsenic trioxide. This patient underwent haploidentical stem cell transplant. In addition to our patient, a literature search revealed four additional patients with APL/FA, with a total of three patients with FA‐D1. This raises the possibility of an association between such rare disorders. Practical management of APL in the setting of FA‐D1 is discussed with an overview of current evidence and knowledge gaps.
Managing the new wave of weight loss medication in general practice: A qualitative study
Authors: Andreassen Pernille , Jensen Sissel Due , Bruun Jens M. , Sandbæk Annelli 
Published: April 2024

SummaryIn early 2023, a new type of weight loss medication, Wegovy (semaglutide), was made available in Denmark. Both subsequent media coverage and public demand were huge. Wegovy is only available by prescription, primarily via general practitioners. However, there is very little knowledge about how healthcare professionals (HCPs) in general practice might deal with the great demand for and attention surrounding a new weight loss drug. The aim of this qualitative study was, therefore, to explore how Wegovy is managed and negotiated in general practice, particularly in terms of prescribing and follow‐up. We conducted a focused ethnography study based on direct observation of consultations and both formal and informal interviews with seven doctors and four nurses from three general practices in Denmark. Using discourse analysis, we identified four central discourses revolving around trust in medicine, individual responsibility for health, the cost of weight loss medication, and the importance of shared decision‐making. This study shows that the availability of a new, sought‐after weight loss medication presents both opportunities and challenges for HCPs in general practice. The management of Wegovy involves numerous factors, including medical, economic, organizational, interpersonal and moral concerns.
Climate and anthropogenic activities threaten two langur species irrespective of their range size
Authors: Ye Xiulin , Garber Paul A. , Li Ming , Zhao Xumao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimIf species fail to track the pace of climate change, areas of suitable habitat and population size are likely to decline, threatening species survivorship. Here, we incorporated multiple measures of environmental change and species‐specific habitat requirements to assess the responses of two closely related primate species to future changes in climate and habitat conversion. Specifically, we tested whether the comparatively wider‐ranging and Endangered François' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) is better suited to withstand future anthropogenic habitat conversion and climate change than is the more narrowly ranging and critically endangered white‐headed langurs (T. leucocephalus).LocationChina.MethodsWe used species distribution models (SDMs) models and population viability analyses, and calculated dispersal velocity and biotic velocity, to predict the impact of climate and anthropogenic activity on the distribution and survivorship of two closely related primate species.ResultsWe found that: (1) by the year 2050, the area of suitable habitat for both primate species is expected to decline by 45% to 47%; (2) the population size of François' langurs is expected to increase to 4000 individuals (129%) and the population size of white‐headed langurs is expected to increase to 1400 individuals (133%); (3) biotic velocity, defined as the minimum migration rate required by a species to track its preferred climatic conditions, was 2.84 and 1.48 km/year for François' langurs and white‐headed langurs, respectively; and (4) dispersal velocity, defined as the distance a species has spread over a given period, was 0.82 km/year for both langur species.Main ConclusionsWe demonstrate that despite expected population growth, by the year 2050, habitat contraction and insufficient opportunities for dispersal will likely prevent both primate species from tracking and adjusting to changing climate conditions. Moreover, the more widely ranging species, T. francoisi, was not found to have a survival advantage over the more narrowly ranging species (T. leucocephalus) under future conditions of climate change and continued anthropogenic habitat conversion, resulting in a high risk of extinction for both langur species. The modelling approach used here is robust and can be successfully applied to other threatened animal taxa.
A register‐based study describing time trends in risk factor control and serious hypoglycaemia together with the effects of starting continuous glucose monitoring in people with type 1 diabetes in Norway
Authors: Sølvik Una Ørvim , Cooper John Graham , Løvaas Karianne Fjeld , Ernes Tony , Madsen Tone Vonheim , Sandberg Sverre , Ueland Grethe Åstrøm 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsTo describe trends in risk factor control and serious hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes and to assess the effect of starting continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the real‐world setting.MethodsTwo cross‐sectional surveys including 5746 individuals in 2012 and 18,984 individuals in 2020 based on data recorded in the Norwegian Diabetes Register for Adults (NDR‐A) and an analysis of a longitudinal cohort of 2057 individuals where data on CGM and HbA1c were available in the NDR‐A in 2012 and 2020.ResultsIn the cross‐sectional surveys mean HbA1c decreased from 66 mmol/mol (99% CI 65, 66) (8.2%) in 2012 to 61 mmol/mol (99% CI 61, 61) (7.7%) in 2020 (p < 0.0001). The proportion reporting serious hypoglycaemia decreased from 16.9 to 6.2% in 2020 (p < 0.0001). Mean LDL‐cholesterol decreased from 2.80 (99% CI 2.78, 2.83) to 2.63 (99% CI 2.61, 2.65) mmol/l in 2020 (p < 0.0001). Mean blood pressure increased slightly. In the CGM cohort, we found a 3 mmol/mol (0.3%) greater improvement in mean HbA1c and a greater reduction in serious hypoglycaemia (−12.3% vs. −6.2%) among individuals that had started using CGM between 2013 and 2020 when compared with individuals that had not started using CGM.ConclusionsBetween 2012 and 2020, we found marked improvements in glycaemic control and a considerable decrease in the proportion of individuals reporting serious hypoglycaemia. The proportion of individuals using CGM increased substantially and individuals that had started using CGM by 2020 showed greater improvement in glycaemic control and less serious hypoglycaemia.
LINC02605 involved in paediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia complicated with diarrhoea via miR‐539‐5p/CXCL1 axis
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wu Zeming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the involvement of LINC02605 in the progression of paediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP).MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐two children with MPP (90 simple MPP and 42 MPP + diarrhoea) were enrolled, and their plasma was collected for detection of LINC026505 expression. CCK‐8 kit and commercial apoptosis kit were introduced to determine cell growth and apoptosis. In silico prediction analyses were conducted to predict the downstream miRNA for LINC02605, following verification by dual luciferase reporter assay. The lipid‐associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) were used to treat A549 and Coca‐2 cells.ResultsLIN02605 was highly expressed in the MPP, especially in MPP complicated with diarrhoea. LINC02605 downregulation in A549 cells correlated with significant suppression of cell apoptosis rate and growth inhibition rate in vitro. Introduction of miR‐539‐5p inhibited luciferase activity in a reporter system containing the wild‐type LINC02605 and CXCL1. After stimulation with LAMPs, overexpression of LINC02605 and CXCL1 and inhibition of miR‐539‐5p were found. miR‐539‐5p and CXCL1 knockdown resulted in a rescue effect on the LINC02605‐inhibited cell apoptosis. LAMPs induced IL‐1β in intestinal epithelial cells and IL‐1β induced LINC02605 expression in A549 cells.ConclusionsLINC02605 was upregulated in MPP and miR‐539‐5p was a target for LINC02605. LINC02605 may be involved in the crosstalk between the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory tract.