bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intake of n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and development of colorectal cancer by subsite: Japan Public Health Center–based prospective study
Authors: Sasazuki Shizuka , Inoue Manami , Iwasaki Motoki , Sawada Norie , Shimazu Taichi , Yamaji Taiki , Takachi Ribeka , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   for the Japan Public Health Center–Based Prospective Study Group
Published: November 2010

AbstractTo date, epidemiologic studies investigating intake of n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of colorectal cancer are limited, and results remain inconsistent. This is the first prospective study to show the association by subsite (proximal colon, distal colon, rectum). To clarify the role of n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake in colon carcinogenesis, we conducted a large, population‐based prospective study, characterized by high fish consumption and a wide range of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intakes. Subjects were followed from response to a lifestyle questionnaire in 1995–1999 through 2006. During 827,833 person‐years of follow‐up (average 9.3 years), we identified 1,268 new colorectal cancer cases (521 colon and 253 rectal for men; 350 colon and 144 rectal for women). Compared to the lowest quintile, the relative risk and 95% confidence interval of developing cancer among the fifth quintile of marine n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake were 0.60 and 0.31–1.14, respectively (p for trend = 0.04) in the colon in women and 0.35 and 0.14–0.88 (p for trend = 0.05) and 1.82 and 0.79–4.20 (p for trend = 0.16) in the proximal and distal colon, respectively, in men. For rectal cancer, the dose response for marine n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids s was unclear; rather, we observed U‐shaped associations in men and women. We found no evidence that n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids increases or the n‐3/n‐6 ratio decreases the risk of colorectal cancer. Our results suggest that intake of marine n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may be inversely related to the risk of cancer in the proximal site of the large bowel.
Hydraulic Microdistribution of Cased Caddis Larvae in an Austrian Mountain Brook
Authors: Bacher I. , Waringer J. A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWater velocity acting at the upper edge of the case opening was measured at the locations of 1074 cased caddis larvae along a cross section of the Seebach near Lunz Biological Station (Lower Austria). In addition, Froude number, boundary Reynolds number, bottom shear stress and thickness of the viscous sublayer were measured at the center of contagious sampling squares of 30 × 30 cm over the same cross section. Measurements were made at monthly intervals from 2 November 1993 to 24 October 1994 using an impeller‐meter (Ott C2; propeller diameter = 30 mm) and a set of FST hemispheres. A total of 16 species was recorded with Drusus biguttatus Pictet, Allogamus auricollis Pictet and Potamophylax cingulatus Stephens being most abundant. Maximum values of current velocity and hydraulic stress parameters (e.g. Froude numbers up to 0.90) were recorded for D. biguttatus. P. cingulatus and Glossosoma conformis Neboiss, whereas lowest values of hydraulic stress parameters were observed in Sericostoma flavicorne Schneider. In addition, up to 40% of the population in Drusinae species and P. cingulatus was over‐represented in high stress areas at the streambed, whilst up to 36% of the population in S. flavicorne and Allogamus spp. were over‐represented in low stress areas.
Effects of Aufwuchs on Colonization by Simuliids (Simuliidae, Diptera)
Authors: Kiel Ellen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWhile different studies investigated effects of surface properties on the adhesion and population dynamics of marine sessile organisms (Balanidae, Bryozoa etc.), little is known about sedentary freshwater macroinvertebrates. Artificial substrates were used to investigate the effects of Aufwuchs on density and distribution of colonizing blackfly larvae and pupae. Although, settlement of blackfly larvae often is said to be impeded by Aufwuchs or siltation, they colonized both bare substrates and those on which a thick Aufwuchs cover had developed. Often no differences in density appeared on substrates exposed for less than 6‐9 d. Thus Aufwuchs apparently does not prevent initial settling of larvae. However, simuliid densities on Aufwuchs covered substrates declined after several more days of exposure, suggesting that surface properties may affect long‐term settlement.
Polychaete Distribution on the Chatham Rise, Southwest Pacific
Authors: Probert P. Keith , Grove Simon L. , McKnight Don G. , Read Geoffrey B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMacrobenthic samples Were collected along 3 north‐south transects at 244‐1394 m depth across the Chatham Rise, eastern New Zealand, to examine the distribution of polychaete assemblages in the region of the Subtropical Convergence (STC). Two main assemblages were identified: at 244‐663 m depth occurring mainly on the crest of the Rise, and at 802‐1394 m on the slopes of the Rise. Community composition differed., however, between the northern and southern slopes of the Rise. The southern slope supported higher faunal densities and a greater proportion of surface deposit feeders. This latitudinal difference may reflect variability in organic flux across the STC.
Two New Species of Rotifera from China
Authors: Zhugex Yan , Koste Walter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTwo new rotifera species,Brachionus huangin. sp. andLecane chinesensisn. sp. are described and illustrated from different localities in China. The main distinguishing taxonomic features ofB. huangiare three pairs of apical spines, a pair of symmetrical caudal spines and a wide caudal projection. ForL. chinesensis, the main characteristics are the two‐sided small extentions of the foot pseudosegment, the long and innercurved apical spines and ventral lorica anteriorly narrower than the dorsal one.
A convenient synthesis of 2′,3′‐dideoxyinosine‐13C5 and related 2′,3′‐dideoxyadenosine‐13C5
Authors: Ekhato I. Victor , Rinehart Jay K. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract2′,3′‐Dideoxyinosine‐13C5 (ddI‐13C5) and the related 2′,3′‐dideoxyadenosine‐13C5 (ddA‐13C5) were prepared from (S)‐5‐[13C5]2,3‐dideoxyribonolactone 1. From a batch of this starting material ddI‐13C5 was made in 27% overall yield in seven steps and ddA‐13C5 in five steps and 14% overall yield. The known synthesis of ddI‐13C5 from glucose‐13C6 took 18‐steps; therefore the present work is a substantial improvement. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 125I/123I‐labelled analogues of citalopram and escitalopram as potential radioligands for imaging of the serotonin transporter
Authors: Madsen Jacob , Elfving Betina , Frokjaer Vibe G. , Kornum Birgitte R. , Thomsen Gerda , Martiny Lars , Knudsen Gitte M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTwo novel radioligands for the serotonin transporter (SERT), [125I]{3‐[5‐iodo‐1‐[4‐fluorophenyl)‐1,3‐dihydroisobenzofuran‐1‐yl]‐propyl}‐dimethylamine ([125I]‐2) and S‐[125I]{3‐[5‐iodo‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1,3‐dihydroisobenzofuran‐1‐yl]‐propyl}‐dimethylamine ([125I]‐(S)‐2) were synthesized in a Br/125I exchange reaction. Binding experiments in rats yielded Kd values of 0.7 ± 0.06 and 0.52 ± 0.02 nM for [125I]‐2 and [125I]‐(S)‐2, respectively. One hour after intravenous injection of [125I]‐2, 0.34% of the injected dose had accumulated in the brain. The highest hypothalamus‐to‐cerebellum ratio was reached 2 h after injection of [125I]‐(S)‐2 and amounted to 2.4. Pre‐treatment experiments with paroxetine resulted in effective reduction of the target‐to‐cerebellum ratios.The corresponding iodine‐123 labelled compound S‐[123I]{3‐[5‐Iodo‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1,3‐dihydroisobenzofuran‐1‐yl]‐propyl}‐dimethylamine [123I]‐S‐2 was investigated in a pig single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) study. Between 60 and 110 min after IV injection, the midbrain‐to‐cerebellum ratio was 1.2. However, the uptake did not differ between high‐density and medium‐density regions questioning the feasibility of the radioligand in imaging cortical SERT distribution in vivo.These data suggest that the iodine‐labelled derivatives of citalopram and escitalopram are not superior to another SPECT tracer for the SERT, namely [123I]ADAM. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 3H‐, 13C3‐, and 14C‐labeled Sch 727965
Authors: Lavey C. Flader , Hesk D. , Koharski D. , Truong V. , McNamara P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe preparation of [3H]Sch 727965 from unlabeled compound and tritiated water was base catalyzed. Diethyl [13C3]malonate was used to prepare [13C3]Sch 727965 in five steps in 21.8% overall yield. In a similar manner, [14C]Sch 727965 was prepared in five steps from diethyl [2‐14C]malonate in 11.1% radiochemical yield. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron beam welding of titanium aluminides – Influence of the welding parameters on the weld seam and microstructure
Authors: Reisgen U. , Olschok S. , Backhaus A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper gives an account of research which has been carried out on electron‐beam welded specimens made of high‐Niobium γ/α2‐titanium aluminides in comparison to γ‐titanium aluminides. The high niobium content of this alloy (5–8%) has a positive effect on the strength and the creep resistance and also on the oxidation resistance. The standard welding parameters weld speed and beam current and also additional beam oscillation have been used for the determination of factors which will effect the solidification morphology and structural constitution since those, in return, exert influence on the high cracking susceptibility of the alloy. In order to reduce the critical cooling rate, preheating which has a positive effect on crack formation has, in addition, been applied. In a direct comparison of both alloys, micrographs and electron beam micro‐analyses of the developing weld structure and of the heat affected zone, the effects of the beam parameters on both alloys have been established.Diese Veröffentlichung berichtet über Untersuchungen an Elektronenstrahl geschweißten Proben aus hochniobhaltigen γ/α2‐Titan‐Aluminiden im Vergleich zu γ‐Titan‐Aluminiden. Der hohe Niobgehalt dieser Legierung von 5–8% wirkt sich positiv auf die Festigkeit und Kriechbeständigkeit sowie die Oxidationsbeständigkeit aus. Anhand der Standard‐Schweißparameter Schweißgeschwindigkeit und Strahlstrom sowie zusätzlicher Strahlpendelung werden Einflussfaktoren auf die Erstarrungsmorphologie und Gefügeausbildung bestimmt, die die hohe Rissanfälligkeit der Legierung beeinflussen. Zusätzlich wird eine Vorwärmung zur Reduzierung der kritischen Abkühlrate appliziert, die günstig auf die Rissvermeidung einwirkt. Im direkten Vergleich der zwei Legierungen werden durch Schliffbilder und Elektronenstrahlmikroanalysen des entstehenden Schweißgefüges und der Wärmeeinflusszone Auswirkungen der Strahlparameter auf die beiden Legierungen festgestellt.
Resistance spot welding and weldbonding of advanced high strength steels
Authors: Weber G. , Thommes H. , Gaul H. , Hahn O. , Rethmeier M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe resistance spot welding procedure is one of the most important joining techniques in lightweight car body shell mass production. Especially for newly developed high strength multiphase steels, also called advanced high strength steels (AHSS), and ultra high strength steels (UHSS), this joining technique has more advantages than other thermal and mechanical joining procedures for thin steel sheets. Additionally, the technique of adhesive bonding and its combination with the technique of resistance spot welding called weldbonding becomes more and more important. One of the targets of the contribution is to show the influence of joined advanced high strength steels on the process reliability for both the resistance spot welding process and the weldbonding process. Based on welding current ranges and on results of electrode wear tests, statements concerning the resistance spot weldability of some special AHSS will be given. The mechanical behaviour of spot welded and weldbonded joints for different AHSS will be studied. Furthermore, some statements regarding the fracture behaviour, the hardness and the fatigue behaviour of both spot welded and weldbonded joints for different AHSS will be given. Finally, some results on the mechanical properties of spot welded and weldbounded joints under corrosive attacks with be discused.Widerstandspunktschweißen ist die am häufigsten eingesetzte Fügetechnik in der Massenfertigung von Rohkarosserien. Insbesondere beim Einsatz von neuentwickelten, hochfesten Mehrphasenstählen, auch Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) genannt, und Ultra hochfesten Stählen (UHSS) hat das Widerstandspunktschweißen eindeutige Vorzüge gegenüber anderen, thermischen oder mechanischen, Fügetechniken für Feinbleche. Darüberhinaus gewinnt das Kleben und die Kombination des Klebens mit dem Widerstandspunktschweißen, Punktschweißkleben genannt, zunehmend an Bedeutung. Ein Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, den Einfluss der gefügten hochfesten Stähle auf die Prozesssicherheit sowohl des Widerstandspunktschweißprozesses als auch des Punktschweißklebprozesses zu zeigen. Anhand der Schweißbereichsdiagramme und der Ergebnisse von Standmengenversuchen werden Aussagen zur Widerstandspunktschweißeignung einiger besonderer AHSS getroffen. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften von punktgeschweißten und punktschweißgeklebten Verbindungen aus verschiedenen AHSS und UHSS werden untersucht. Darüberhinaus werden noch einige Aussagen zum Bruchverhalten, zur Härte und zur Ermüdungsfestigkeit sowohl der punktgeschweißten als auch der punktschweißgeklebten Verbindungen für verschiedene AHSS getroffen. Abschließend werden einige Ergebnisse zum mechanischen Verhalten punktgeschweißter und punktschweißgeklebter Verbindungen in korrosiver Umgebung diskutiert.
Spatially quantifying microscopic tumor invasion and proliferation using a voxel‐wise solution to a glioma growth model and serial diffusion MRI
Authors: Ellingson Benjamin M. , LaViolette Peter S. , Rand Scott D. , Malkin Mark G. , Connelly Jennifer M. , Mueller Wade M. , Prost Robert W. , Schmainda Kathleen M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a voxel‐wise analytical solution to a glioma growth model using serial diffusion MRI. These cell invasion, motility, and proliferation level estimates (CIMPLE maps) provide quantitative estimates of microscopic tumor growth dynamics. After an analytical solution was found, noise simulations were performed to predict the effects that perturbations in apparent diffusion coefficient values and the time between apparent diffusion coefficient map acquisitions would have on the accuracy of CIMPLE maps. CIMPLE maps were then created for 53 patients with gliomas with WHO grades of II–IV. MR spectroscopy estimates of the choline‐to‐N‐acetylaspartate ratio were compared to cell proliferation estimates in CIMPLE maps using Pearson's correlation analysis. Median differences in cell proliferation and diffusion rates between WHO grades were compared. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.9714) and good spatial correspondence were observed between MR spectroscopy measurements of the choline‐to‐N‐acetylaspartate ratio and CIMPLE map cell proliferation rate estimates. Estimates of cell proliferation and diffusion rates appear to be significantly different between low‐ (WHO II) and high‐grade (WHO III–IV) gliomas. Cell diffusion rate (motility) estimates are highly dependent on the time interval between apparent diffusion coefficient map acquisitions, whereas cell proliferation rate estimates are additionally influenced by the level of noise present in apparent diffusion coefficient maps. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“PINOT”: Time‐resolved parallel magnetic resonance imaging with a reduced dynamic field of view
Authors: Hamilton Lei Hou , Fabregat Javier Acebron , Moratal David , Ramamurthy Senthil , Lerakis Stamatios , Parks W. James , Sallee Denver , Brummer Marijn E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article introduces a novel method named “Parallel Imaging and Noquist in Tandem” (PINOT) for accelerated image acquisition of cine cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. This method combines two prior information formalisms, the SPACE‐RIP implementation of parallel imaging and the Noquist method for reduced‐data image reconstruction with prior knowledge of static and dynamic regions in the field of view. The general theory is presented, and supported by results from experiments using time‐resolved two‐dimensional simulation data and retrospectively sub‐sampled magnetic resonance imaging data with acceleration factors around 4. A signal‐to‐noise ratio analysis and a comparison study with TSENSE and k‐t SENSE show that PINOT performs favorably in preserving edge detail, at a cost in signal‐to‐noise ratio and computational complexity. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of cell cycle phase on apparent diffusion coefficient in synchronized cells detected using temporal diffusion spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Junzhong , Xie Jingping , Jourquin Jerome , Colvin Daniel C. , Does Mark D. , Quaranta Vito , Gore John C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe relationship between the apparent diffusion coefficient of tissue water measured by MR methods and the physiological status of cells is of particular relevance for better understanding and interpretation of diffusion‐weighted MRI. In addition, there is considerable interest in developing diffusion‐dependent imaging methods capable of providing novel information on tissue microstructure, including intracellular changes. To this end, both the conventional pulsed gradient spin–echo methods and the oscillating gradient spin–echo method, which probes diffusion over very short distance (<<cell size) and time scales, were used to measure apparent diffusion coefficient of synchronized packed HL‐60 cells at 7 T. The results show that the pulsed gradient spin–echo method with relatively long diffusion times does not detect changes in apparent diffusion coefficient when structural variations arise during cell division. On the contrary, the oscillating gradient spin–echo method can detect and quantify major changes in intracellular organization that occur during mitosis by appropriate choice of gradient frequency. Cell structural parameters, including cell size, intracellular diffusion coefficient, and surface‐to‐volume ratio were also obtained by fitting the oscillating gradient spin–echo data to simple analytical models. These oscillating gradient spin–echo features may be used in diffusion‐weighted MRI to create parametric maps that may be useful for detecting cancer or changes caused by treatment. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A simple approach for three‐dimensional mapping of baseline cerebrospinal fluid volume fraction
Authors: Qin Qin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA simple method of measuring baseline cerebrospinal fluid volume fraction (VCSF) in three‐dimensional is proposed that used the characteristic of cerebrospinal fluid with very long T2. It is based on the fitting of monoexponential decay of only cerebrospinal fluid signal, using a nonselective T2 preparation scheme. Three‐dimensional gradient‐ and spin‐echo acquisition also improves signal‐to‐noise ratio efficiency and brain coverage. Both VCSF and T2,CSF are fitted voxel by voxel and analyzed in different cortical areas across subjects. VCSF is largely regionally dependent (occipital: 8.9 ± 1.7%, temporal: 11.4 ± 2.4%, and frontal: 21.4 ± 6.9%). Measured T2,CSF was 1573 ± 146 msec within cortical lobes as compared with 2062 ± 37 msec from ventricle regions. Different parameter set were compared, and the robustness of the new method is demonstrated. Conversely, when comparing with the proposed approach, large overestimation of segmentation based method using T1‐weighted images is found, and the underlying causes are suggested. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kleine Poren — große Wirkung
Authors: Fischer Michael , Sartor Michael , Fröba Michael 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMetallorganische Gerüstverbindungen eignen sich dazu, Stoffgemische zu trennen und zu reinigen. Neben der Trennung von Gasen wird in jüngerer Zeit zunehmend auch die Trennung von Flüssigkeiten untersucht.
Eine Wirtschaftschemikerin in Dubai
Authors: Marcinowski Alice 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEs begann mit einem Praktikum während des Studiums, dann folgte die Diplomarbeit bei dem internationalen Konsumgüterhersteller Reckitt Benckiser Arabia. Seit April 2009 ist Alice Marcinowski dort als Qualitätsmanagerin zuständig für die Region Naher Osten und Nordafrika.
Chemie und Chemiedidaktik in Äthiopien
Authors: Barke Hans‐Dieter , Harsch Günther 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSeit zehn Jahren engagieren sich Chemiedidaktiker aus Münster für die Chemikerausbildung in Afrika, denn eine gute naturwissenschaftliche Ausbildung ist essenziell für eine positive Entwicklung.
Die nächste Generation der Point‐of‐care‐Systeme
Authors: Ritzi‐Lehnert Marion 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPersonalisierte Medizin hilft, ineffektive Therapien zu vermeiden, und senkt so Nebenwirkungen und Kosten. Neue, chipbasierte und patientennahe Labordiagnostik weist Grippeviren nach und detektiert Tumorzellen — auch in äußerst geringen Konzentrationen.
Tragbares Massenspektrometer für die Analytik vor Ort
Authors: Berchtold Christian 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEin mobiler Prototyp ermittelt beispielsweise den Melamingehalt von Milch, und zwar mit hoher Empfindlichkeit, Selektivität und Geschwindigkeit, aber ohne Probenvorbereitung. Neue Ionisierungsmethoden und mobile Ionenfallen unterstützen womöglich bald die Lebensmittelhersteller.
Methoden zur Bestimmung der antioxidativen Aktivität
Authors: Rohn Sascha , Cämmerer Bettina , Kroh Lothar W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractJe niedriger die antioxidative Aktivität von Erdnüssen ist, desto schneller verderben sie. Die Elektronenspinresonanzspektroskopie erfasst den Gehalt von antioxidativen Substanzen eines Lebensmittels und sagt so die Lagerfähigkeit der Produkte voraus.
Schnelle Fettextraktion
Authors: Szesniak Ulrich , Holters Marina , Kurowski Christel 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNährwertkennzeichnungen informieren etwa über den Fettgehalt eines Frischkäses. Für die Analyse sind die Fette zuvor aus den Lebensmitteln zu extrahieren. Dabei hilft ein Extraktionsgerät von Büchi.
Chemische Risiken in Lebensmitteln
Authors: Grob Konrad 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEine riesige Zahl von Chemikalien gelangt in die Lebensmittel, wenn diese verarbeitet oder gelagert werden. Es ist anzunehmen, dass einige der Substanzen gesundheitliche Schäden verursachen. Da die Risiken vermutlich vor allem von den unkontrollierten Stoffe ausgehen, sollte die Lebensmittelüberwachung mehr Ressourcen für die Suche nach diesen Substanzen aufwenden.
Was die Analytik über Blatt und Bohne verrät
Authors: Engelhardt Ulrich H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWann ist ein Tee schwarz und wann ist er grün? Das zeigt der Catechingehalt. Doch nicht immer ist die Antwort eindeutig. Bei Tee und Kaffee bleiben für den analytischen Chemiker noch viele Rätsel zu lösen.
HPLC auf der Technoparty
Authors: Allemann Daniel , Pauli Hans , Mürner André , Steiner Samuel , Helmlin Hans‐Jörg 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSeit 1998 analysiert das mobile Labor des Kantonsapothekeramts Bern Partydrogen vor Ort: Über 1700 Proben an mehr als 100 Events haben die Pharmazeuten gemessen. Indem das Labor Jugendliche neugierig macht und neue Trends erfasst, hilft es bei Projekten zur Drogenprävention.
Der Hilfeschrei des Mais
Authors: Held Matthias , D'Alessandro Marco , Hiltpold Ivan , Turlings Ted 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWenn Gefahr in Form von Larven oder Raupen droht, locken viele Pflanzen die Fressfeinde der Plagegeister an: Mit flüchtigen Verbindungen ruft die Pflanze um Hilfe.