bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pilot, First-in-Human, Pharmacokinetic Study of 9cUAB30 in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Kolesar Jill M. , Hoel Ryan , Pomplun Marcia , Havighurst Tom , Stublaski Jeanne , Wollmer Barbara , Krontiras Helen , Brouillette Wayne , Muccio Donald , Kim KyungMann , Grubbs Clinton J. , Bailey Howard E. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
9cUAB30 is a synthetic analog of 9-cis-retinoic acid with chemopreventive activity in cell lines and in animal models. The purpose of this first-in-human evaluation of 9cUAB30 was to evaluate the single-dose pharmacokinetic profile and toxicity of the compound in healthy volunteers at 3 dose levels. This study enrolled 14 patients to receive a single dose of 5, 10, or 20 mg of 9cUAB30. Plasma and urine samples were collected to assess 9cUAB30 concentrations by a validated LC/MS MS method. 9cUAB30 was well tolerated, with 1 patient experiencing grade 2 toxicity and no grade 3 or 4 toxicities reported. Tmax occurred approximately 3 hours after dose administration with the plasma half-life ranging from 2.79 to 7.21 hours. AUC increased linearly across the examined dose range of 5 to 20 mg; Cmax was proportional to the log of the dose. The plasma clearance ranged from 25 to 39 L/h compared to the renal clearance which ranged from 0.018 to 0.103 L/h. 9cUAB30 has a favorable toxicity and pharmacokinetic profile, with oral availability and primarily hepatic metabolism. Further dose ranging studies with once a day dosing are underway.Cancer Prev Res; 3(12); 1565–70. ©2010 AACR.
Rapamycin Inhibits Anal Carcinogenesis in Two Preclinical Animal Models
Authors: Stelzer Marie K. , Pitot Henry C. , Liem Amy , Lee Denis , Kennedy Gregory D. , Lambert Paul F. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The incidence of anal cancer is increasing especially among HIV-infected persons in the HAART era. Treatment of this cancer is based upon traditional chemoradiotherapeutic approaches, which are associated with high morbidity and of limited effectiveness for patients with high-grade disease. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been implicated in several human cancers, and is being investigated as a potential therapeutic target. In archival human anal cancers, we observed mTOR pathway activation. To assess response of anal cancer to mTOR inhibition, we utilized two newly developed mouse models, one in which anal cancers are induced to arise in HPV16 transgenic mice and the second a human anal cancer xenograft model. Using the transgenic mouse model, we assessed the preventative effect of rapamycin on neoplastic disease. We saw significant changes in the overall incidence of tumors, and tumor growth rate was also reduced. Using both the transgenic mouse and human anal xenograft mouse models, we studied the therapeutic effect of rapamycin on preexisting anal cancer. Rapamycin was found to significantly slow, if not stop, the growth of both mouse and human anal cancers. As has been seen in other cancers, rapamycin treatment led to an activation of the MAPK pathway. These results provide us cause to pursue further the evaluation of rapamycin as a therapeutic agent in the control of anal cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 3(12); 1542–51. ©2010 AACR.
Cyclin E Transgenic Mice: Discovery Tools for Lung Cancer Biology, Therapy, and Prevention
Authors: Freemantle Sarah J. , Dmitrovsky Ethan 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States and many other countries. This fact underscores the need for clinically relevant models to increase our understanding of lung cancer biology and to help design and implement preventive and more effective therapeutic interventions for lung cancer. New murine transgenic models of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been engineered for this purpose. In one such model, overexpression of the cell-cycle regulator cyclin E is targeted to type II alveolar lung cells; dysplasia, hyperplasia, and adenocarcinoma forming in this model have features recapitulating key features of carcinogenesis found in NSCLC patients. These features include the presence of chromosomal instability, pulmonary dysplasia, and hyperplasia, hedgehog-pathway activation, single and multiple adenocarcinomas, and even metastases. Cell lines that expressed either a human wild-type or mutant (proteasome-degradation–resistant) form of cyclin E were derived from the transgenic mouse lung cancers. These cell lines are transplantable into syngeneic host mice, which rapidly develop lung tumors and thus facilitate the rapid testing of agents targeting lung carcinogenesis. These transgenic and transplantable models have already aided in the discovery of oncogenic and growth-suppressive microRNAs and in the identification of a novel antineoplastic mechanism of action for inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 2. This review discusses the general utility of murine carcinogen-induced and transgenic models of lung carcinogenesis and describes the optimization of cyclin E–overexpressing lung carcinogenesis models and their use in testing candidate agents for the prevention and therapy of lung cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 3(12); 1513–8. ©2010 AACR.
Linking Epidemiology to Epigenomics—Where Are We Today?
Authors: Ulrich Cornelia M. , Grady William M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCancer is the consequence of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Genetic mutations likely result in part from exposure to environmental carcinogens, giving rise to a large field of cancer-prevention study of these carcinogens and ways to develop strategies to avoid them. Our understanding of regulatory epigenetic mechanisms associated with DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA production is increasing rapidly. The involvement of these processes in carcinogenesis raises the possibility that environmental exposures may promote or prevent cancer through affecting the epigenome. Modifying the epigenome to prevent cancer is particularly intriguing because epigenetic alterations are potentially reversible, unlike gene mutations, and because certain dietary factors, such as the B-vitamin folate, may affect genes' DNA methylation status (as reported by Wallace et al., beginning on page 1552 in this issue of the journal). Rapidly improving techniques for assessing epigenetic alterations promise to yield important insights for cancer prevention. Cancer Prev Res; 3(12); 1505–8. ©2010 AACR.
The Image of Christ in the Poetry of the Decembrists - Example of Poetic Creation by K.F. Ryleeva, A.I. Odoevskogo, V.K. Kuechelbeker and P.A. Katenin
Authors: Schmidt Waldemar 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe topic of the following essay is Christ in the poetry of the "Dekabristen". By the example of the most popular representatives of this epoque, the essay shows religious imaginations in the Russian literature in the beginning of the 19th century.
How I treat: the selection and acquisition of unrelated cord blood grafts
Authors: Barker Juliet N. , Byam Courtney , Scaradavou Andromachi 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Use of unrelated donor cord blood (CB) as an alternative stem cell source is increasing, and yet there is little information to guide transplant centers in the unique aspects of the search and selection of CB grafts. There is no mechanism to easily access the global inventory of CB units, nor is the product information provided by all banks standardized. To address these challenges, this manuscript reviews the logistics of the search, selection process, and acquisition of CB grafts as practiced by our center. Topics include who should be considered for a CB search, how to access the global CB inventory, and how to balance total nucleated cell dose and human leukocyte antigen match in unit selection. We discuss aspects of unit quality and other graft characteristics (processing methods, unit age, availability of attached segments, infectious disease, and hemoglobinopathy screening) to be considered. We incorporate these considerations into a unit selection algorithm, including how to select double-unit grafts. We also describe how we plan for unit shipment and the role of backup grafts. This review aims to provide a framework for CB unit selection and help transplantation centers perform efficient CB searches.
A population-based survey of Asian women's experience of premenstrual symptoms
Authors: Dennerstein Lorraine , Lehert Philippe , Keung Lam Siu , Pal Sadiah Ahsan , Choi Dooseok 
Published: December 2010

ObjectiveThis paper aims to explore women's experiences of premenstrual symptoms in three Asian countries and the factors affecting the prevalence of these symptoms.Study designCross-sectional survey. A sample of 1202 women aged 15–49 years were recruited by random sampling in Hong Kong, Pakistan and Thailand.Main outcome measuresThe interviewer used a questionnaire with a checklist of 23 premenstrual symptoms, sociodemographic and lifestyle variables.ResultsThe most prevalent symptoms were joint, muscle and back pain, cramps, abdominal pain and breast tenderness. The severity of symptoms was directly proportional to duration (months affected) ( R = 0.85). Significant effects on symptom duration, severity, index of age (linear and quadratic effects), educational level and parity were found by multiple regression. There were also differences between countries for certain symptoms.ConclusionsPhysical symptoms are an important component of premenstrual syndromes. These have been shown to be psychobiological in nature. Further analysis will examine the impact on the quality of life and the relationship with existing classificatory systems.
Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Composites Based on a Natural Zeolite
Authors: Gutiérrez Marlen , Escudey Mauricio , Escrig Juan , Denardin Juliano C. , Altbir Dora , Fabris Jose D. , Cavalcante Luis C. D. , García-González María Teresa 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA magnetic composite was prepared by wet-impregnating a powder of a natural zeolite with a magnetic Fe oxide-containing synthetic material. Both starting materials were first characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and by isoelectric-point using vibrating-sample magnetometry. The synthetic Fe oxide-containing material was characterized as a mixture of magnetite (Fe3O4) and goethite (α-FeOOH). From the Fe Mössbauer analysis, the relative subspectral area for magnetite corresponds to 93(2)%; the remaining spectrum is assignable to goethite. After the impregnation process, magnetite was still identified in the composite material as a magnetic layer surrounding the zeolite particles; no magnetically ordered goethite could be detected. The Mössbauer pattern for this sample indicates a much more complex structure than for the precursor material, based on Fe oxides, with some more altered magnetite and an intense central doublet of (super)paramagnetic Fe3+, probably due to small Fe (hydr)oxides and/or to a residual contribution of Fe-bearing species from the starting zeolite material. The composite preparation procedure also promoted the change of the characteristic A-type zeolite to mordenite. The resulting magnetic composite presented a magnetic coercivity of as much as 0.140 A m−1, at 77 K. The final composite is now being evaluated as an adsorbent: results to date confirm that this novel magnetic material may have applications in the remediation of contaminated water bodies.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zn-Al Layered Double Hydroxides Intercalated With 1- to 19-Carbon Carboxylic Acid Anions
Authors: Kuehn Thomas , Poellmann Herbert 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) are layered ion exchangers, with a large surface-charge density, which react easily with organic anions. Various types of organics are rapidly substituted in the interlayer space of inorganic precursor LDHs. ZnAl-LDHs were intercalated with 1- to 19-carbon monocarboxylic acid anions by anion exchange of NO3-saturated LDH precursor phases in order to study the dependence of exchange reactions on synthesis parameters (temperature, pH, and interlayer anion). The carboxylic acid anion-LDHs synthesized were characterized using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, chemical analysis, and N2 adsorption. Carboxylic anion quantities in excess of the LDH anion exchange capacity easily replaced exchangeable nitrate anions at moderate pH. The intercalated LDH interlayer space depended on the alkyl chain length and orientation (inclination angle) of thecarboxylic-acid anion. Thelatticeparameter c0 ranged from 3.4 to 13.5 nm, but the a0 lattice parameter remained constant at 0.31 nm. Crystallographic analyses indicated a monomolecular arrangement of intercalated short-chain fatty-acid anions. At pH < 7, intercalated long-chain carboxylates showed a preferred bimolecular interlayer orientation. Carboxylic-acid anion exchange with LDHs at pH 7 resulted in the formation of two different sets of basal spacings, which indicated the coexistence of LDHs intercalated with monomolecular and bimolecular arrangements of interlayer carboxylic compounds.Thermal treatment of the carboxylic acid anion-intercalated LDHs indicated stability up to ~140ºC. The release of interlayer water led to distortion of the crystallographic units and resulted in smaller basal spacings without collapse of the layered structure. Heat treatment re-oriented alkyl-chain carbon carboxylates (with >10 carbons) to a more upright interlayer position.
Saponite-Rich Black Shales and Nontronite Beds of the Permian Irati Formation: Sediment Sources and Thermal Metamorphism (Paraná Basin, Brazil)
Authors: Dias Dos Anjos Camila Wense , Meunier Alain , Guimarães Edi Mendes , El Albani Abderrazzak 
Published: December 2010

AbstractShales and claystones in the Permian Irati Formation consist of Al-rich or Fe-Mg clay minerals in its southern/central and northern parts, respectively. The constrasting compositions indicate particular geological and paleo-environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the conditions of formation by characterizing the black shales and claystones from different sections of the northern edge of the basin, some of which reveal the presence of intruded diabase sills.Black shales consist of saponite or saponite-talc mixed layers, talc, lizardite, nontronite, and quartz. Green claystones are nontronite-rich but also contain lizardite, talc, and quartz. The chemical compositions of the black shale and claystones, except for one sample (POR-56), exhibit a positive correlation of the TiO2, Cr, and P2O5 contents with Al2O3, which typically results from weathering processes. The presence of saponite, nontronite, and some accessory minerals (spinel, pyroxene, native silver) suggests altered basic-ultrabasic rocks as sediment sources, consistent with the rare earth element (REE) composition being less than the Post-Archean Average Shale (PAAS) or North American Shale Composite (NASC) levels and with negative Ce and Eu anomalies. Sample POR-56 consists largely of nontronite and is anomalously rich in zircon, monazite, and apatite. Chemically, sample POR-56 is different from the black shales and claystones, being richer in Al2O3-Fe2O3, MgO-poor, and having greater REE contents than the PAAS or NASC standards. The POR-56 bed is probably a bentonite resulting from the alteration of volcanic ash in sea water (strong, negative Ce anomaly). The Zr/TiO2vs. Nb/Y relation indicates that the magmatism was andesitic. During the Upper Permian, intermediate to basic volcanic activity was recorded in the Mitu Group of the Central Andes.Close to the diabase sill, the black shales and claystones contain saponite, talc, and lizardite but nontronite is absent. Saponite and talc crystals, however, exhibit a larger coherent scattering domain size (CSDS) and are randomly oriented with respect to the sedimentary bedding. The thermal metamorphism effect is confirmed by the presence of secondary enstatite-augite and albite crystals.
Element Distribution Between Coexisting Authigenic Mineral Phases in Argillic and Zeolitic Altered Tephra, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Authors: McHenry Lindsay J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe current study demonstrates how co-existing zeolite and clay minerals formed by the alteration of tephra in a closed-basin lacustrine and lake-margin environment can retain the overall composition of the original bulk tephra for many elements, even when diagenetic conditions and resulting authigenic mineral assemblages change. Zeolite and clay minerals co-exist in the closed-basin, saline-alkaline lacustrine altered tephra of Pleistocene Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, and their diagenetic histories can be reconstructed using variations in their textures and compositions. The authigenic minerals in the altered tephra of the Olduvai paleolake form a classic ‘bull’s-eye’ pattern, with clay-dominated tephra in the distal lake margin, chabazite and phillipsite in the proximal margin, and phillipsite ± K-feldspar in the intermittently dry lake and lake center. Fifteen representative samples of altered volcanic ash lapilli (designated Tuff IF) were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine their authigenic mineral assemblages and bulk compositions, and to texturally and compositionally compare their clay mineral and zeolite components.Textural observations indicate that clay minerals formed first, followed by zeolites and finally feldspars. Clay minerals, however, persist even in the most altered samples. The overall composition of Tuff IF shows only limited change in Fe, Si, Al, and Na between fresh, clay-altered, and zeolite-dominated diagenetic environments, despite significant differences in authigenic assemblage. Where zeolites dominate the assemblage, the remaining clay minerals are rich in Mg, Fe, and Ti, elements that are not readily incorporated in zeolite structures. Where clay minerals dominate, they are more Al-rich. A ‘mixing model’ combining clay-mineral and zeolite compositions yields a close approximation of the original volcanic glass for most elements (exceptions including Mg, Ca, and K). This initial composition was preserved in part by the redistribution of elements between co-existing clay minerals and zeolites.
Common Variations in the Genes Encoding C-Reactive Protein, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Interleukin-6, and the Risk of Clinical Diabetes in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study
Authors: Chan Kei-hang K , Brennan Kathleen , You Nai-chieh Y , Lu Xuyang , Song Yiqing , Hsu Yi-Hsiang , Chaudhuri Gautum , Nathan Lauren , Tinker Lesley , Liu Simin 
Published: December 2010

BACKGROUNDCirculating concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been associated with an increased risk of diabetes.METHODSTo examine the roles of genetic variation in the genes encoding CRP, TNF- α, and IL-6 in the development of diabetes, we conducted a prospective case–control study nested within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. We followed 82 069 postmenopausal women (50–79 years of age) with no history of diabetes for incident diabetes for a mean follow-up of 5.5 years. We identified 1584 cases and matched them with 2198 controls with respect to age, ethnicity, clinical center, time of blood draw, and length of follow-up. We genotyped 13 haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) across 2.3 kb of the CRP (C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related) gene, 16 tSNPs across 2.8 kb of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) gene, and 14 tSNPs across 4.8 kb of the IL6 [interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)] gene. Plasma concentrations of TNF-α receptor 2 (TNF-α-R2) and IL-6 were measured.RESULTSAfter adjusting for matching factors, confounding variables, and multiple comparisons, we found 8 variants in the TNF gene to be associated with plasma TNF-α-R2 concentrations in white women (q &lt; 0.05). After adjusting for multiple comparisons (q &gt; 0.05), we found no association of any IL6 gene variant with plasma IL-6 concentration, nor did we find any significant associations between any SNPs among these 3 genes and diabetes risk (q &gt; 0.05).CONCLUSIONSWe found modest associations between TNF variants and circulating concentrations of TNF-α-R2. Common variants of the CRP, TNF, and IL6 genes were not significantly associated with risk of clinical diabetes in postmenopausal women.
Regression Models for Validating Cyclic Triaxial Test Results
Authors: Polito Carmine 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Cyclic triaxial tests are commonly used to evaluate a soil’s potential for liquefaction during seismic events. Following testing, it is necessary to evaluate the validity of the test results. This can be a difficult task unless the engineer has previously acquired a reasonable amount of experience with this type of testing. In order to help evaluate the validity of the test results, a series of eight predictive models have been developed for sands and soils with non-plastic silts. These models predict a mean value of the number of cycles required to cause liquefaction as well as 50 and 95 % prediction intervals. The models were separated by the soil type (sands and soils with less than 30 % non-plastic fines versus soils with 30 % or more non-plastic fines), the definition of liquefaction used (initial liquefaction versus 5 % double-amplitude strain), and the method of specimen preparation (moist tamping, air-pluviation, or slurry-deposition). These models were developed using the data from over 1000 tests collected from the author’s files and the literature. Following development, the validity of each model was assessed by examining the statistical parameters of the model, analyzing each model’s residuals, and by predictions made using additional data obtained from the literature.
The Man with the Pale Face, the Shroud, and Du Fay's Missa Se la face ay pale
Authors: Robertson Anne Walters 
Published: December 2010

Guillaume Du Fay composed his Missa Se la face ay pale, based on his ballade of the same name, during his final sojourn at the Court of Savoy in Chambéry from 1452 to 1458. It has been suggested that the piece celebrated the consummation of the wedding of Amadeus of Savoy and Yolande de France in 1452, but the basis for assigning it to this occasion —that a song about a man whose "face is pale" for "reason of love" might refer to a bridegroom—is weak. A fresh look at this seminal composition points to a different rationale, one stemming from examination of the affective theology of the fifteenth century that influenced art in all its forms.
Late medieval Passion treatises, dialogues, sermons, lives of Christ, along with related paintings often depict Christ as the man with the pale face. In his final hours on the Cross, Christ's physical aspect is described as "pale" or "pallid." The "reason" for his disfigurement is his "great love" for mankind. In sacred dialogues between Christ and the female soul ("anima"), the Man of Sorrows conveys his love and encourages her to "see" or "behold" his wounds and study his "bitter" passion. The language of Du Fay's ballade is strikingly similar: "If the face is pale / The cause is love, / That is the main cause; / And so bitter to me / Is love, that in the sea / Would I like to see myself."
What prompted Du Fay to use this song in his Missa Se la face ay pale? This article proposes that an important Christological relic, the Holy Shroud, acquired by Du Fay's patron Duke Louis of Savoy in 1453 (and not moved from Chambéry to its present location in Turin until 1578), lies at the heart of the work, and that the composer incorporated theological symbols in the Mass to associate it with this sacred remnant. Recognition of early Christ-Masses such as the Missa Se la face ay pale helps to redefine the word "devotional" and illuminates the beginnings of Mass composition with secular tunes and of emotional expression in sacred music.