bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of the ‘Every Mind Matters’ campaign on mental health literacy: the moderating roles of socioeconomic status and ethnicity
Authors: Ronaldson Amy , Chua Kia-Chong , Hahn Jane , Henderson Claire 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We previously reported short-lived improvements in mental health literacy following the Every Mind Matters campaign, followed by a return to baseline levels. In this study, we aimed to examine whether either socioeconomic status or ethnicity moderated these improvements. We conducted regression analyses on a nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional dataset of nine survey waves from September 2019 to March 2022. Interaction terms (ethnicity*wave, socioeconomic status*wave) were entered into regression models to assess the moderating effect of these variables. Where significant interactions emerged, we obtained marginal estimates and plotted them for ease of interpretation. We found no evidence that improvements seen in mental health literacy following the launch of Every Mind Matters were moderated by ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Over time, there was some evidence of lower scores relating to symptoms recognition, knowledge of actions to improve mental health, and desire for social distance (stigma) among adults of lower socioeconomic status, which converged again for symptom recognition. These findings suggest that while a web resource can empower people and improve mental health literacy, in relation to ethnicity and socioeconomic status, it may be that while this can avoid a widening of inequalities it is insufficient to lead to a narrowing of them.
COMPARING IMMUNOCYTOKINES LEVELS BETWEEN ALCOHOL- DEPENDENT PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DELIRIUM TREMENS
Authors: Hsu *Shu Hao , Kao Chung-Feng , Chang Hu-Ming , Huang Ming-Chyi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Alcohol is a significant modulator of the immunocytokine system. Alcohol dependence (AD) can lead to a range of psychological and physical problems. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a hallmark of AD and can manifest in various clinical phenotypes, including delirium tremens (DTs), which is considered the most severe and distinct form of AWS. Previous evidences suggest that AD is associated with dysregulation of immunocytokines such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). However, whether there is a difference between patients with and without DTs was not known.

Aims & Objectives
This study aimed to investigate differences in IL-6, sIL-6R, and TNF-α levels between patients with AD who did and did not develop DTs.

Method
We enrolled 85 inpatients diagnosed with AD based on DSM-IV criteria and 49 health control (HC) participants. Among AD groups, 35 participants experienced DTs (classified as DTs group). Blood samples were collected from the AD group on the first and seventh days of withdrawal, as well as from the HC group. Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6R, and TNF-α were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results
Patients with AD exhibited significantly elevated TNF-α levels and reduced sIL-6R levels at baseline compared to HCs. No significant differences in TNF-α and sIL-6R levels were observed between DTs and non-DTs groups. Moreover, the DTs group had the highest IL-6 levels, followed by the non-DTs group, then the HC group. After one week of alcohol withdrawal treatment, sIL-6R levels were normalized and comparable for the DTs and non-DTs groups. The levels of TNF-α remained elevated in the DTs group; however, the non-DTs group exhibited a significant decrease in TNF-α level. Additionally, IL-6 levels decreased significantly in the DTs group, while they remained unchanged in the non-DT group.

Discussion & Conclusion
Our findings suggest immunocytokines dysregulation may be associated with the pathophysiology of AD. The difference of IL-6 and TNF-α levels between DT and non-DT groups supports the potential role of immunocytokines in discriminating AD subgroups and highlights the potential clinical utility as a marker for DTs. Current evidence also suggests that convergent immune pathways may be involved in AUD and in these comorbid disorders.
ACTIVITIES OF OREXIN NEURONS IN MOTIVATIVE BEHAVIOR
Authors: Mizoguchi *Hiroyuki , Dong Yutao , Yamanaka Akihiro , Yamada Kiyofumi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Orexin neurons regulate physiological functions, including not only energy homeostasis and wakefulness, but also motivated behaviors.

Aims & Objectives
Here, we examined the roles of orexin neurons in motivated behaviors. [Method] We measured the activities of orexin neurons using fiber photometry under a free-moving condition, in which the rats were subjected to the fixed ratio (FR) or progressive ratio (PR) schedule of a touchscreen-based automated operant task.

Results
We found that breakpoint in PR test was increased when orexin neurons were activated by using chemogenetic approach, while the breakpoint was reduced when orexin neurons were disrupted by diphtheria toxin A. We also found that under FR5 conditions in which rats were able to obtain a food pellet by touching the screen consecutively five times, the activity in orexin neurons was increased after the fifth screen touch (after which one food pellet is delivered). The activity peaked before rats obtained reward, and then decreased after food intake. Next, we measured orexin neurons activities under FR20 which seems to be more difficult for rats to obtain rewards, compared with those under FR5. Under FR20 conditions, the orexin activities were higher than those in FR5 conditions. In the PR schedule test, the orexin activities were also gradually increased.

Discussion & Conclusion
These observations suggest that the orexin activities are associated with motivational behaviors, and that dynamic changes in activation of orexin neurons may be involved in craving and reward prediction, and satisfaction.
PLASMA PHOSPHOETHANOLAMINE LEVELS AS A BIOMARKER FOR MONITORING MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
Authors: Kawamura *Noriyuki , Nakata Akinori , Harada Tsuyoto , Ohashi Yoshiaki , Sato Hajime , Sasaki Kazunori , Higuchi Teruhiko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
We have reported that plasma phosphoethanolamine (PEA) concentration is a candidate biomarker of depressive disorder (1).

Aims & Objectives
To characterize this marker and investigate its clinical usefulness, we carried out an observational study while respecting the subjects' freedom to participate in the study.

Method
Psychiatric assessments were made with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5. The absolute concentrations of PEA in the samples from a psychiatric primary care clinic were measured at Human Metabolome Technologies to characterize its ability as MDD biomarker between 2011 and 2020.

Results
Here we show that 295 had depressive disorders, 264 had psychiatric disorders other than depression, and 17 had physical disorders without psychiatric disorders out of the 576 Japanese patients. In 170 patients with MDD only, in whom remission was easily identified, plasma PEA levels were measured at two or more time points. These levels dropped significantly in depressive episodes, increased as remission approached and were significantly higher in remission.Psychiatric diagnosis alone explained 38% of the variance in plasma PEA concentrations. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis also showed sufficient discriminatory power to detect depression, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80-0.87).

Discussion & Conclusion
ConclusionsOur study suggests that plasma PEA concentration is a promising candidate monitoring biomarker for major depressive disorder (MDD) with strong diagnostic ability. Further studies are needed.

References
(1)Kawamura,N. Shinoda,K. Sato,H. Sasaki,K. Suzuki,M. Yamaki,K. Fujimori,T. Yamamoto,H., Osei-Hyiaman,D. and Ohashi,Y. (2018) 'Plasma metabolome analysis of patients with major depressive disorder.’ Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 72(5), pp. 349-361
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC METHAMPHETAMINE ADMINISTRATION ON RESTING-STATE FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY IN CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS
Authors: Chun *Jiwon , Jin Yeung Bae , Lee Sang-Rae , Kim Dai Jin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Maladaptive decision-making by methamphetamine users may reflect circuit-level dysfunction underlying deficits in neural activity. In a previous study, it was reported that heightened resting-state connectivity within the mesocorticolimbic system, coupled with reduced prefrontal cortical connectivity, created a bias toward reward-driven behavior over cognitive control in methamphetamine users.

Aim & Objectives
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic methamphetamine administration on resting-state functional connectivity in cynomolgus monkeys. Additionally, the study sought to elucidate the effect of chronic methamphetamine administration based on varying drug administration periods.

Method
Chronic Drug Exposure: The MA group was administered 0.9% saline for the initial 4 weeks followed by MA for the subsequent 7 weeks (5-8 weeks at doses of 0.1-0.75mg/kg; and 9-11 weeks at a dose of 0.75mg/kg).

MRI Procedure
On the MRI scanning day, anesthesia was induced using atropine, ipratropium, and ketamine hydrochloride injections. After oral intubation, anesthesia was maintained with 1.5% isoflurane mixed with oxygen. Monkeys were seated in a custom-built primate chair with a head-fixation system and custom RF coil, then placed in the MRI bore for imaging. The isoflurane level was reduced to 1% during the imaging procedure.

Imaging Protocol
MA monkeys underwent resting-state fMRI at 5 time points (baseline, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11 weeks) and four healthy control (HC) monkeys at baseline, 5, and 11 weeks. Seed-based correlation analysis was employed to produce functional connectivity maps with the nucleus accumbens as ROIs. Voxel-wise tests were conducted using the GLM in SPM12 to study RSFC changes over MA administration duration and intergroup differences.

Image Processing
Performed in SPM12, where rsfMRI data were realigned, coregistered with structural T1 data, spatially normalized, and smoothed. Other processes included motion correction, global signal normalization, and band pass filtering.

Results
Altered functional connectivity was observed between the striatum and medial prefrontal cortex in the monkey with chronic exposure to MA.

Discussion & Conclusion
The alterations in functional connectivity observed in the monkey striatum due to chronic MA exposure provide valuable insights into the neural mechanisms that could underlie behavioral abnormalities and drug dependence resulting from long-term MA exposure.
EFFECTS ON THE THALAMUS AND INSULAR CORTEX DURING VOCAL EMOTION PROCESSING BY MODAFINIL AND BUPROPION: A PHARMACOLOGICAL MRI STUDY
Authors: Koeda *Michihiko , Hama Tomoko , Ikeda Yumiko , Suzuki Hidenori , Okubo Yoshiro , Tateno Amane 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
It is known that Modafinil is the medicine to treat Narcolepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), whereas as a side effect, modafinil is known to react emotional instability and suicidal ideation (Vorspan 2005). Bupropion is used as antidepressant to improve the recognition of negative feelings. These two medicines could affect to cerebral activation of emotional processing. Recent our studies have demonstrated that compared with placebo, modafinil decreased right thalamus activation in the recognition of vocal affective processing, and bupropion increased cerebral activation in the insular and superior temporal gyrus (Hama et.al 2021a, 2021b). However, to our knowledge, no study has not been directly examined these pharamacological effects to emotional brain circuit among the placebo, modafinil and bupropion.

Purpose
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of modafinil and bupropion on thalamus-insular activation while the subjects were recognizing vocal affective processing, compared with placebo by using a functional MRI. Methods: Sixteen healthy volunteers (male 8) participated in this study. Before the experiments, all participants agreed with the protocol approved by ethics committee. Three series of fMRI scans, using either placebo, modafinil (200mg), or bupropion (150 mg), were examined. Each subject took a medicine before 2 hours of fMRI scanning. An auditory emotional valence judgement task was performed during fMRI scanning. The acute effects of modafinil and bupropion on cerebral activation in the emotional circuit and behavioral performance during emotional processing were analyzed by using SPM analysis, 3×4 full factorial design. Three drugs (placebo, modafinil, and bupropion) effects and 4 emotions (neutral happy, sad, anger) effects were investigated.

Results
Main effect of drug was significantly observed at the left insular and the right thalamus (FWE p&lt;0.05). In the left insular, compared with placebo, cerebral activation by bupropion was significantly greater, whereas that by modafinil was slightly greater. In the right thalamus, compared with placebo, cerebral activation by modafinil was significantly less, that by bupropion was slightly less. Further, interaction effect between drug and emotion was significantly observed at the posterior cingulate (FWE p&lt;0.05).

Discussion and Conclusions
From these findings, we confirmed that both modafinil and bupropion affect function of the insular and thalamus in the recognition of the emotion. Especially, modafinil significantly decrease cerebral activation at the right thalamus, bupropion significantly increase cerebral activation at the left insular.
MORE PRONOUNCED NEUROAXONAL INTEGRITY DISTURBANCES IN METHAMPHETAMINE-ASSOCIATED PERSISTENT PSYCHOSIS COMPARED TO SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Huang *Ming-Chyi , Liu Tung-Hsia , Liu Yu-Li 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Methamphetamine (METH) can cause multiple physical and psychological harms. Psychosis is one of the most serious health consequences from using METH, with this requiring aggressive treatment and being associated neurocognitive impairment and structural brain abnormalities. While the majority of METH-associated psychosis are brief (METH-associated brief psychosis, MBP); the psychosis can become persistent for &gt;1 month in a subset of people (METH-associated persistent psychosis, MPP), with a symptom profile substantially similar to schizophrenia. Blood levels of neurofilament light chain (NFL) have been proposed as a measure of neuroaxonal integrity in several neuropsychiatric disorders.

Aims & Objectives
We aimed to delineate the neuroaxonal damage linked to METH-associated psychosis, especially its persistent form, and compare it to schizophrenia.

Methods
We enrolled 135 individuals with METH use disorder (55 with no psychosis [MNP group], 54 with MBP, and 24 with MPP), 78 with schizophrenia, and 85 healthy controls. Blood NFL levels measured by single molecule array (SiMoA) immunoassay. We compared NFL levels between different groups and used regression analyses to identify clinical variables related to NFL levels.

Results
Individuals with MUD had significantly higher NFL levels compared to controls but comparable to patients with schizophrenia. We found age (p&lt;.01) and duration of METH use (p = 0.01) were positively correlated with NFL levels whereas BMI is negatively correlated with NFL levels. Subsequent group comparisons showed that the NFL levels in MPP group were higher than MBP and MNP group while the levels were comparable between the latter two groups. Interestingly, MPP group had increased NFL levels compared to schizophrenia group. Furthermore, those with a prolonged psychosis associated with METH, i.e. schizophrenia-like, had a even higher NFL levels than all the resting groups.

Discussion & Conclusions
These results suggest substantial neuroaxonal alterations following METH use, with a longer duration associated with higher injury. In particular, persistent psychosis The pronounced increase of NFL levels in the people with MPP and suffering from persistent psychosis might indicate that dual disruptive effect (from METH use and psychosis) on the neuroaxonal integrity and the pathology could differentiate MPP and schizophrenia.
ESTIMATING A PROBABILITY OF REDUCING RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKING CONVENTIONAL CIGARETTES USING THE THS2.2 (IQOS) TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Sergazy *Shynggys , Gulyayev Alexander , Shulgau Zarina , Nurgozhin Talgat 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the current review was the collection and analysis of information about the tobacco heating system THS commercialized as IQOSTM technology in comparison with conventional cigarettes CC.

Data Sources
The collection of data was performed with the help with the Pubmed database and other relevant sources including the websites of official health regulating bodies e.g. FDA, WHO, Public Health England for articles published until 15 February 2018 that contained key phrases as IQOS, tobacco heating systems THS, heat-not-burn, and other sources which were found to be relevant to the topic.

Data Extraction
Two reviewers defined independently the relevance of the articles and extracted the information from the literature sources.

Data Synthesis
In the review, there were included articles and other sources where the following characteristics of IQOS THS2.2 were described: chemical composition of the aerosol, studies conducted in vitro and in vivo, as well as clinical studies, and other relevant information such as potential THS aerosol carcinogenic properties, awareness, comments by critics, and others. By the results of the available information, THS aerosol is much less toxic comparing with CC smoke and can significantly reduce the harm and risk of development of tobacco-related diseases for smokers. However, it is advised to conduct the experiments with the expanded list of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents HPHC from the FDA list. There is also a need in clinical research of a longer period with the racial diversity of subjects where the biomarkers corresponding to various tobacco disease conditions could be studied.

Conclusion
The use of THS technology could lead to significant harm reduction and a reduction in the risk of tobacco-related diseases. However, it still poses a risk and cannot be recognized as completely safe.
ROLE OF L-LACTATE AND AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE IN ENHANCED FEAR MEMORY IN DIABETIC MICE
Authors: Ikeda *Hiroko , Yamagishi Aimi , Yonemochi Naomi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim & Objectives
The prevalence of mental disorder including depression and anxiety is higher in patients with diabetes mellitus than in the general population, but it is unclear how diabetes mellitus causes mental disorder. Because several studies suggest that hyperglycemia affects brain function, the present study investigated the role of L-lactate, which is produced from glucose in the brain, in enhanced fear memory in diabetic mice. In addition, it has been reported that L-lactate inhibits AMP- activated protein kinase (AMPK). Thus, we also examined whether AMPK in the brain is involved in enhanced fear memory in diabetic mice.

Method
Male ICR mice were used. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin, with experiments conducted 2 weeks after streptozotocin injection. Fear memory was measured by the conditioned fear test. Protein levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphorylated AMPK in the amygdala and hippocampus, which are thought to be involved in fear memory, were measured by Western blot.

Results
Diabetic mice showed a longer duration of freezing than control mice. In diabetic mice, L-lactate level was increased in the amygdala and hippocampus. I.c.v. injection of L-lactate into non-diabetic mice increased duration of freezing. In addition, i.c.v. injection of L-lactate into non-diabetic mice significantly decreased the protein level of phosphorylated AMPK, which is an active form of AMPK, in the hippocampus. Increase in duration of freezing induced by L-lactate was inhibited by the AMPK activator AICAR. The protein level of phosphorylated AMPK was decreased in the amygdala and hippocampus of diabetic mice. I.c.v. injection of AMPK inhibitor compound C into non-diabetic mice increased duration of freezing, whereas i.c.v. injection of AICAR inhibited the increased duration of freezing in diabetic mice. Finally, the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX inhibited the increased duration of freezing following i.c.v. injection of L-lactate or compound C and the same injection also inhibited the increased duration of freezing in diabetic mice.

Discussion & Conclusion
Our results indicate that fear memory is enhanced in diabetic mice. In addition, it appears that increase in L-lactate production, possibly from plasma glucose in the amygdala and hippocampus, plays a key role in enhanced fear memory in diabetic mice. Moreover, increase in L-lactate in the amygdala and hippocampus inhibits AMPK activity, which enhances fear memory in diabetic mice possibly through activation of glutamate neurons and/or AMPA receptor function.
CELLULOSE RICH FOOD INDUCES INTESTINAL DISTURBANCE THAT LEADS ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND AMYGDALAR DOPAMINERGIC HYPERACTIVITY
Authors: Nozaki *Chihiro , Ito Kaede , Shibata Shigenobu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
It is indicated the intestinal environment affects anxiety and emotions directly in recent years. For example, improvement of intestinal environment is known to suppresses the anxiety-like behavior in mice model of depression and schizophrenia. Such gut-brain relationships, called “gut-brain axis”, are suggested to involve both endocrine and neuronal system via the vagus nerve. However, previous studies have mainly used psychiatric disease models, therefore how intestinal environment will affect on emotion in normal animals remains unclear.

Aims & Objectives
In the present study, we evaluated the psychological and physiological effect of food-induced intestinal environment modification.

Method
We divided 7-weeks-old male ICR mice into two groups, and fed either MF (Standard diet: contains various dietary fibers) or AIN-93M (contains cellulose alone) for 8 or 16 weeks. Behavioral test (marble burying test) as well as measurement of peristalsis, cecum short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and monoamine level of various brain region has been determined in these animals.

Results
Either 8-weeks or 16-weeks exposure of AIN-93M reduced peristalsis and cecum SCFA, while increased intestinal inflammation, suggesting the exacerbation of intestinal environment in these animals comparing to MF-fed control group. Interestingly, AIN-93M-fed animals also displayed the significant increase of marble-burying behavior compared to MF-fed group, indicating the enhancement of anxiety by that 16-week exposure to AIN-93M. These effects were abolished by vagotomy, suggesting that enhanced anxiety is caused by the AIN-93M-induced intestinal disturbance through gut-brain axis. We also found the dopamine level in amygdala was significantly increased in the AIN-93M-fed group.

Discussion & Conclusion
These results suggest that the cellulose-induced intestinal disturbance and decreased intestinal function caused overactivation of dopaminergic system, which may enhance the anxiety level. Also as vagus nerve is critical to the anxiety observed in cellulose-fed animals, we propose that exacerbation of gut environment may directly cause the mental illness or psychiatric disorder through gut-brain axis.