bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Marriage and Divorce in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancers: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Janson Christopher , Leisenring Wendy , Cox Cheryl , Termuhlen Amanda M. , Mertens Ann C. , Whitton John A. , Goodman Pamela , Zeltzer Lonnie , Robison Leslie L. , Krull Kevin R. , Kadan-Lottick Nina S. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Background/Objective: Adult survivors of childhood cancer can have altered social functioning. We sought to identify factors that predict marriage and divorce outcomes in this growing population.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 8,928 ≥5-year adult survivors of childhood malignancy and 2,879 random sibling controls participating in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Marital status, current health, psychological status, and neurocognitive functioning were determined from surveys and validated instruments.
Results: Survivors were more likely to be never-married than siblings [relative risk (RR), 1.21; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.15-1.26] and the U.S. population (RR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.21-1.29), after adjusting for age, gender, and race. Patients with central nervous system tumors were at greatest risk of not marrying (RR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.41-1.59). Married survivors divorced at frequencies similar to controls. In multivariable regression analysis, nonmarriage was most associated with cranial radiation (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02-1.31 for &gt;2,400 centigray). In analysis of neurobehavioral functioning, nonmarriage was associated with worse task efficiency (RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.20-1.35), but not with emotional distress, or problems with emotional regulation, memory, or organization. Physical conditions predictive of nonmarriage included short stature (RR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.20-1.34) and poor physical function (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.00-1.18). Structural equation modeling suggested that cranial radiation influenced marriage status through short stature, cognitive problems, and poor physical function.
Conclusions: Childhood cancer survivors married at lower frequencies compared with peers. Patients with central nervous system tumors, cranial radiation, impaired processing efficiency, and short stature were more likely to never marry. Divorce patterns in survivors were similar to peers. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(10):2626–35)
Sexually Transmitted Infections and Prostate Cancer among Men in the U.S. Military
Authors: Dennis Leslie K. , Coughlin Julie A. , McKinnon Brittany C. , Wells Timothy S. , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Hamsikova Eva , Gray Gregory C. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Studies of self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STI) suggesting an association with prostate cancer may reflect underreporting of such infections among nondiseased subjects. To reduce such bias, we studied archived sera in a cohort of U.S. military personnel known to have high rates of both STIs and prostate cancer. Using a nested case-control design, serum samples from 534 men who served on active duty between September 1, 1993 and September 1, 2003 were examined. Controls were individually matched to cases based on date of serum collection, date of birth, branch of service, military rank, marital status, and race. Each of the 267 case-control pairs had two serum samples: a recent serum sample, taken ∼1 year before the case's prostate cancer diagnosis, and an earlier serum sample, taken ∼8 years before diagnosis. Each serum specimen was studied for antibodies against human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), and Chlamydia trachomatis. Logistic regression accounted for matching and potential confounding factors. Study data indicated no association between prostate cancer and serologic evidence of infections just before the reference date. However, a statistically significant association between prostate cancer and serologic evidence of HSV-2 infection was detected in the earlier sample (odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.44). The strength of this association increased when analyses were restricted to sera collected at least 60 months before diagnosis (odds ratio, 2.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-3.29; 204 pairs). If this association is causal, then our findings would suggest a long latency period for prostate cancer development after HSV-2 infection. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(10):2665–71)
Prostate Cancer Detected by Methylated Gene Markers in Histopathologically Cancer-Negative Tissues from Men with Subsequent Positive Biopsies
Authors: Troyer Dean A. , Lucia M. Scott , de Bruïne Adriann P. , Mendez-Meza Rosario , Baldewijns Marcella M. , Dunscomb Nancy , Van Engeland Manon , McAskill Theresa , Bierau Katja , Louwagie Joost , Bigley Joseph W. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The goal of this retrospective, multicenter study was to evaluate the ability of a newly developed refinement of a quantitative methylation-specific PCR assay to detect prostate cancer in histopathologically negative biopsy samples collected from men who were later positively diagnosed during a follow-up biopsy procedure. Biomarkers tested in the assay included the much-studied glutathione-S-transferase P1 gene and others reported to be frequently methylated in prostate cancer. Core biopsy tissue from subjects with serial negative biopsies served as a negative control to assess assay specificity. As a positive control, biopsy core tissue from patients histopathologically diagnosed with prostate cancer was used to gauge true marker sensitivity in known cancer-containing specimens. Testing was completed in 971 archived paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 264 men screened for prostate cancer. More samples were initially tested, but due to the advanced age of the paraffinized tissue, DNA quality for quantitative methylation-specific PCR analysis was insufficient in 34% of the available blocks. The glutathione-S-transferase P1 gene has been confirmed as a powerful indicator of the presence of prostate cancer cells. A sensitivity of 52% was observed in the “potentially false-negative first biopsies,” with a corresponding specificity of 85% and the sensitivity in biopsy tissue cores containing histopathologically confirmed prostate cancer was 95%. An even higher sensitivity can be reached with RAR-2β (84%) and APC (72%), with respective specificities of 48% and 50%. Gene methylation was detected in initial, negative biopsy tissue in men who were later diagnosed with prostate cancer. Testing for methylation in histopathologically negative biopsies could improve the early detection of prostate cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(10):2717–22)
Expression and Cytoplasmic Localization of SAM68 Is a Significant and Independent Prognostic Marker for Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Zhiling , Li Jun , Zheng Haiqing , Yu Chunping , Chen Jin , Liu Zhuowei , Li Manzhi , Zeng Musheng , Zhou Fangjian , Song Libing 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPurpose: This retrospective study aimed to examine the expression and localization of SAM68 (Src-associated in mitosis, 68 kDa) in a larger cohort of surgical specimens of renal cell carcinoma and their correlation with the progression of human renal cell carcinoma.Experimental Design: The protein and mRNA expression levels of SAM68 in normal renal tubular epithelial cells, renal cell carcinoma cell lines, as well as nine pairs of renal cell carcinoma and matched tumor-adjacent renal tissues were examined using reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot. Moreover, SAM68 protein expression and localization in 241 clinicopathologically characterized renal cell carcinoma samples were examined by immunohistochemistry. Prognostic and diagnostic associations were examined by statistical analyses.Results: SAM68 was markedly overexpressed in renal cell carcinoma cell lines and renal cell carcinoma tissues at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed high SAM68 protein expression in 129 of the 241 (53.5%) paraffin-embedded archival renal cell carcinoma specimens. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between SAM68 expression and pathologic stage (P &lt; 0.001), T classification (P = 0.003), N classification (P = 0.001), M classification (P = 0.006), and Fuhrman grade (P &lt; 0.001). Patients with higher SAM68 expression had shorter overall survival time than patients with lower SAM68 expression, and the cytoplasmic localization of SAM68 significantly correlated with clinicopathologic grade and outcome. Multivariate analysis indicated that SAM68 protein overexpression and cytoplasmic localization were independent predictors for poor survival of renal cell carcinoma patients.Conclusions: Our results suggest that SAM68 could represent a novel and useful prognostic marker for renal cell carcinoma. High SAM68 expression and cytoplasmic localization are associated with poor overall survival in renal cell carcinoma patients. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(10):2685–93)
Serum Creatinine and Prostate Cancer Risk in a Prospective Study
Authors: Weinstein Stephanie J. , Mackrain Katrina , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael Z. , Selhub Jacob , Virtamo Jarmo , Albanes Demetrius 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Background: Several studies have examined serum creatinine as a marker for prostate cancer stage, recurrence, and prognosis. We evaluated whether serum creatinine concentration was associated with risk of developing prostate cancer in a prospective cohort of male smokers.
Methods: A nested case-control study within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study of 50- to 69-year-old Finnish men was conducted. Two controls (n = 464) were matched to each case (n = 232) on study center, intervention group, date of baseline blood draw (±45 days), and age (±5 years). Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. All P values were two-sided.
Results: Cases had significantly higher prediagnostic serum creatinine concentrations compared with controls (medians of 1.13 versus 1.10 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.004). Serum creatinine was associated with a significantly greater risk of prostate cancer (multivariate odds ratio, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-3.75 for highest versus lowest quartile), with a significant trend (P trend = 0.0008). Exclusion of subjects with a reported history of diabetes, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hypertension, or whose cancer was diagnosed within the first 5 years of follow-up, did not alter the association. Risk did not differ by disease stage or time from blood draw to diagnosis.
Conclusion: Prospectively measured serum creatinine, within normal ranges, is positively related to prostate cancer risk. Future research should reexamine the association in other populations, including any interrelationship with serum prostate-specific antigen. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(10):2643–9)
Polymorphisms in Telomere Maintenance Genes and Risk of Lung Cancer
Authors: Choi Jin Eun , Kang Hyo-Gyoung , Jang Jin Sung , Choi Yi Young , Kim Min Jung , Kim Jong Sik , Jeon Hyo-Sung , Lee Won Kee , Cha Sung Ick , Kim Chang Ho , Kam Sin , Jung Tae Hoon , Park Jae Yong 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
This study was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the associations between polymorphisms in telomere maintenance genes (TERT, TRF1, TNKS1, TRF2, RAP1, and POT1) and lung cancer risk. We captured 35 polymorphisms in the genes and determined their frequencies in 27 healthy Koreans. Ten haplotype-tagging polymorphisms were examined in a case-control study that consisted of 720 lung cancer patients and 720 healthy controls. The TERT rs2735940 g.C &gt; T and rs2736098 g.G &gt; A, and TNKS1 rs6985140 g.A &gt; G were significantly associated with the risk of lung cancer. In the haplotype analysis, the TERT rs2735940T/rs2736098A haplotype (ht4) was associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer compared with the rs2735940C/rs2736098G haplotype (adjusted odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.50; P = 0.008). When the TERT ht4 and TNKS1 rs6985140G as risk alleles, the risk of lung cancer increased in a dose-dependent manner as the number of risk alleles increased (Ptrend &lt; 0.001). Subjects with two to four risk alleles were at a significantly increased risk of lung cancer (adjusted odds ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-2.27; P = 0.001) compared with subjects with zero risk allele. These findings suggest that genetic variants in the TERT and TNKS1 genes contribute to genetic susceptibility to lung cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(10):2773–81)
Cyclooxygenase-2 Polymorphisms, Aspirin Treatment, and Risk for Colorectal Adenoma Recurrence—Data from a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Barry Elizabeth L. , Sansbury Leah B. , Grau Maria V. , Ali Iqbal U. , Tsang Shirley , Munroe David J. , Ahnen Dennis J. , Sandler Robert S. , Saibil Fred , Gui Jiang , Bresalier Robert S. , McKeown-Eyssen Gail E. , Burke Carol , Baron John A. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the production of prostaglandins, potent mediators of inflammation. Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Aspirin inhibits COX-2 activity and lowers the risk for colorectal adenomas and cancer. We investigated whether common genetic variation in COX-2 influenced risk for colorectal adenoma recurrence among 979 participants in the Aspirin/Folate Polyp Prevention Study who were randomly assigned to placebo or aspirin and followed for 3 years for the occurrence of new adenomas. Of these participants, 44.2% developed at least one new adenoma during follow-up. Adjusted relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to test the association between genetic variation at six COX-2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and adenoma occurrence and interaction with aspirin treatment. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with increased adenoma recurrence: for rs5277, homozygous carriers of the minor C allele had a 51% increased risk compared with GG homozygotes (relative risk, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.01-2.25), and for rs4648310, heterozygous carriers of the minor G allele had a 37% increased risk compared with AA homozygotes (relative risk, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.05-1.79). (There were no minor allele homozygotes.) In stratified analyses, there was suggestive evidence that rs4648319 modified the effect of aspirin. These results support the hypothesis that COX-2 plays a role in the etiology of colon cancer and may be a target for aspirin chemoprevention and warrant further investigation in other colorectal adenoma and cancer populations.(Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(10):2726–33)
Pediatric Germ Cell Tumors and Maternal Vitamin Supplementation: a Children's Oncology Group Study
Authors: Johnson Kimberly J. , Poynter Jenny N. , Ross Julie A. , Robison Leslie L. , Shu Xiao Ou 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Maternal vitamin supplementation has been linked to a reduced risk of several pediatric malignancies. We examined this relationship in a study of childhood germ cell tumors (GCT). Subjects included 278 GCT cases diagnosed &lt;15 years during 1993 to 2001 at a United States or Canadian Children's Oncology Group Institution and 423 controls that were ascertained through random digit dialing matched to cases on sex, and age within 1 year. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between GCTs and maternal vitamin use at several time points during and around pregnancy. In models controlling for the child's age, sex, household income, and maternal education, any maternal vitamin use during the 6 months before conception through nursing was associated with a nonsignificant reduced risk of GCTs (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.4-1.2). Inverse associations were observed for both extragonadal (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.4-1.6) and gonadal (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-1.1) tumors, and for dysgerminoma/seminoma (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.2-1.3) and teratoma (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9) but not yolk sac tumors (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.5-2.3). No consistent patterns were found with respect to vitamin use during the periconceptional period (6 months before pregnancy and first trimester) or first trimester specifically. In conclusion, although our study suggests that maternal vitamin supplementation may reduce the risk or pediatric GCTs in the offspring, the small study size and limitations inherent to observational studies must be considered when interpreting these results. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(10):2661–4)
Moderator Effects in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Exercise Training in Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Courneya Kerry S. , Sellar Christopher M. , Stevinson Clare , McNeely Margaret L. , Friedenreich Christine M. , Peddle Carolyn J. , Basi Sanraj , Chua Neil , Tankel Keith , Mazurek Alex , Reiman Tony 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground: The Healthy Exercise for Lymphoma Patients trial showed that aerobic exercise training improved important health outcomes in lymphoma patients. Here, we examine potential moderators of the exercise training response.Methods: Lymphoma patients were stratified by major disease type and current treatment status and randomly assigned to usual care (n = 62) or aerobic exercise training (n = 60) for 12 weeks. Endpoints were quality of life, cardiovascular fitness, and body composition. Moderators were patient preference for group assignment, age, sex, marital status, disease stage, body mass index, and general health.Results: Patient preference did not statistically moderate the effects of exercise training on quality of life (P for interaction = 0.36), but the interaction effect of 7.8 points favoring patients with no preference was clinically meaningful. Marital status (P for interaction = 0.083), general health (P for interaction = 0.012), and body mass index (P for interaction = 0.010) moderated the effects of aerobic exercise training on quality of life with better outcomes for unmarried versus married patients, patients in poor/fair health versus good-to-excellent health, and normal weight/obese versus overweight patients. Disease stage (P for interaction = 0.056) and general health (P for interaction = 0.012) moderated the effects of aerobic exercise training on body composition with better outcomes for patients with advanced disease versus early disease/no disease and patients in good health versus very good-to-excellent health. No variables moderated intervention effects on cardiovascular fitness. Findings were not explained by differences in adherence.Conclusions: Clinically available variables predicted quality of life and body composition responses to aerobic exercise training in lymphoma patients. If replicated, these results may inform future randomized trials and clinical practice. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(10):2600–7)
Handedness for tool use in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): sex differences, performance, heritability and comparison to the wild
Authors: Gardner  , Schaeffer  , Hopkins  , Russell  , Schapiro  
Published: October 2009

AbstractThere is continued debate over the factors influencing handedness in captive and wild primates, notably chimpanzees. Previous studies in wild chimpanzees have revealed population-level left-handedness for termite fishing. Here we examined hand preferences and performance on a tool use task designed to simulate termite fishing in a sample of 190 captive chimpanzees to evaluate whether patterns of hand use in captive chimpanzees differed from those observed for wild apes. No population-level handedness was found for this task; however, significant sex differences in preference and performance were found, with males showing greater left-handedness and poorer performance compared to females. We also found that the hand preferences of offspring were significantly positively correlated with the hand preferences of their mothers. Lastly, older females performed more slowly on the task compared to younger individuals. The overall results neither confirm nor reject previous hypotheses claiming that raising chimpanzees in captivity induces right-handedness, but rather suggest that other factors may account for differences in hand preferences for tool use seen in wild and captive chimpanzees.
Associations with multiple male groups increase the energy expenditure of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) female and calf pairs on the breeding grounds
Authors: Sullivan Matthew , Cartwright Rachel 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn mammalian mating systems, where operational sex ratios are male skewed and males must compete for access to females, increased levels of male attention may amount to harassment of females and their offspring. To evaluate how male associations affect the behaviour of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) female and calf pairs in breeding regions, we compiled time budgets and monitored calf breathing regimes for females with calves in a range of associations, with (N = 71) and without (N = 19) males, in Hawaiian waters. We found that, while associations with a single male did not significantly change the behaviour of female–calf pairs, associations with multiple males led to increases in the time spent traveling (median increase 35%; p < 0.001) and decreases in time spent at rest (median decrease 29%; p < 0.001). Additionally, calves spent less time at the surface (median decrease from 10% to 0; p < 0.001) and the frequency of intermittent breaths between dives increased (median increase from 16 to 22%; p = 0.006). We show that these behavioural changes would require increased energy expenditure, which could impact calf fitness, and we speculate that the association between a female–calf pair and single male escort comprises a female counterstrategy that offsets male harassment, consistent with Mesnick's (1997) bodyguard hypothesis.
Mapping Circulation in the Kuroshio Extension with an Array of Current and Pressure Recording Inverted Echo Sounders
Authors: Donohue Kathleen A. , Watts D. Randolph , Tracey Karen L. , Greene Andrew D. , Kennelly Maureen 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS) aimed to quantify processes governing the variability of and the interaction between the Kuroshio Extension and the recirculation gyre. To meet this goal, a suite of instrumentation, including 43 inverted echo sounders equipped with bottom pressure gauges and current meters [current and pressure recording inverted echo sounders (CPIES)], was deployed. The array was centered on the first quasi-stationary meander crest and trough east of Japan, which is also the region of highest eddy kinetic energy. KESS was the first experiment to deploy a large quantity of these new CPIES instruments, and it was unique in that the instruments were deployed in water depths (5300–6400 m) close to their limit of operation. A comprehensive narrative of the methodology to produce mesoscale-resolving four-dimensional circulation fields of temperature, specific volume anomaly, and velocity from the KESS CPIES array is provided. In addition, an improved technique for removing pressure drift is introduced. Methodology and error estimates were verified with several independent datasets. Temperature error was lowest on the equatorward side of the Kuroshio Extension core and decreased with depth (1.5°C at 300 m, 0.3°C at 600 m, and &lt;0.1°C below 1200 m). Velocity errors were highest in regions of strong eddy kinetic energy, within and south of the jet core. Near the surface, the error in geostrophic velocity between adjacent CPIES was typically 10 cm s−1, decreasing downward to 6 cm s−1 at 500-m depth and 5 cm s−1 below 800 m. The rms differences from pointwise current measurements are nearly twice as large as the geostrophic errors, because the pointwise velocities include submesoscale and ageostrophic contributions.