bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SEM evidence for existence of an apical disc on the scolex of Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi, 1819): comparative results of various fixation techniques
Authors: Miquel Jordi , Świderski Zdzisław , Marigo Adji , Delgado Eulàlia , Torres Jordi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe scolex of the bothriocephalidean cestode Clestobothrium crassiceps was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The comparative results of various fixation procedures and techniques are presented. The scolex of C. crassiceps is oval to globular and exhibits two deep bothria which appear in the form of two lobes separated by a longitudinal groove. At the apex of the scolex, resembling a beret, an apical disc is present (oval, flattened and with a sinuous edge). Our results are compared with those previously reported in other species of Clestobothrium. This study represents the first report which highlights the presence of an apical disc in the scolex of C. crassiceps. It describes the effects of different procedures applied to our material during preparation and a comparative analysis results obtained using these various methods.
Morphological and molecular characterisation of the entomoparasitic nematode Hammerschmidtiella diesingi (Nematoda, Oxyurida, Thelastomatidae)
Authors: Blanco María , Lax Paola , Dueñas Juan , Gardenal Cristina , Doucet Marcelo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA population of Hammerschmidtiella diesingi was detected in specimens of Periplaneta americana collected in Córdoba city (Argentina) was studied. Nematodes were characterized based on morphological, morphometric and genetic (D2–D3 expansion segment) analyses. New data are provided, especially on particular morphological characters that were a matter of controversy in previous studies. H. diesingi is reported in Argentina for the first time.
Ultrastructure of the vitellarium in the digeneans Phyllodistomum angulatum (Plagiorchiida, Gorgoderidae) and Azygia lucii (Strigeida, Azygiidae)
Authors: Poddubnaya Larisa , Bruňanská Magdaléna , Świderski Zdzisław , Gibson David 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFine structural features of the vitellarium of two digeneans, Phyllodistomum angulatum and Azygia lucii, are documented and compared with those of other digenean species. The cytodifferentiation of immature vitelline cells (vitellocytes) assumes the production and subsequent accumulation in their cytoplasm of several inclusions. Mature vitelline cells of P. angulatum are characterized by the presence of vitelline clusters (∼2.7 μm in diameter, with ∼100 vitelline globules of ∼0.35 μm in diameter) and osmiophobic, saturated lipid droplets (∼2-3 μm in diameter), and in A. lucii vitelline clusters of the same diameter include much fewer vitelline globules (∼50 globules of ∼0.5 μm in diameter), osmiophilic lipid droplets and α-glycogen. In both P. angulatum and A. lucii, interstitial cells are also present within the vitellarium. Two types of contact sites (septate and tight junctions) between adjoining interstitial cells also occur in both digenean species. Judging from the present and previous ultrastructural studies, it is suggested that there are three potential discriminatory characters of the digenean vitellarium (the number of different types of cell components within the vitellarium, the presence and type of junctional complexes between these cells, and the isolation of the vitellarium from the surrounding tissue) which may prove useful for a better understanding of the biology and evolutionary history of the different digenean groups.
A new species of Colobomatus (Copepoda, Phylichthyidae) parasitic on Mullus argentinae (Perciformes, Mullidae) from South American Atlantic coast
Authors: Pereira Aldenice , Timi Juan , Lanfranchi Ana , Luque José 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA new species of Colobomatus Hesse, 1873 is described from pores of the cephalic sensory system and nostrils of Argentine goatfish, Mullus argentinae Hubbs et Marini, 1933 (Perciformes: Mullidae), living along the southwestern Atlantic coast. The fish were collected at different latitudes, stretching from the State of Rio de Janeiro in the north, through Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) to of Mar del Plata (Argentina) in the south. The prevalence of the infection ranged from 42% through 84%. The new species look alike to two other species, parasites of mullids (C. steenstrupi and C. mulli) particularly in the body shape and the number, shape, and ornamentation of cephalic, thoracic, and genital processes. The new species, however, can be readily distinguished by having the central cephalic process shorter than lateral ones, the later being bilobed at tip forked, and a relatively larger abdomen. Furthermore, C. steenstrupi possesses relatively wider trunk processes with rounded tips, a short abdominal dorsal process, and attains a larger size (up to 3.6 mm). C. mulli also differs by having all body processes with forked tips, and relatively shorter sixth thoracic somite and abdominal segments 1–3. This is the third record of a species of Colobomatus in South American Atlantic waters.
Axenic cultivation and comparative phospholipase A2 activity of Giardia duodenalis in a serum-free medium
Authors: Mata-Cárdenas Benito , Hernández-García Magda , González-Salazar Francisco , Garza-González Jesús , Palacios-Corona Rebeca , Cortés-Gutiérrez Elva , Vargas-Villarreal Javier 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMammalian serum is essential for the growth of Giardia duodenalis cultivated under axenic conditions. Unfortunately, some factors present in bovine serum used as supplement in the culture medium may inhibit protozoal growth and activity. TYI-33-PACSR is a TYI medium supplemented with a serum replacement (PACSR) made up of Earle’s amino acid solution, Diamond’s vitamin-tween 80 mixtures and LCR (a lipid-cholesterol — rich mixture). PACSR was previously used in the culture media for axenic cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis. The main objective of this work was to demonstrate that TYI-33-PACSR is useful for axenic cultivation of G. duodenalis. Additionally, the activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA A2) in the sub-cellular vesicular fraction (P30) of G. duodenalis grown in TYI-S-33 and TYI-33-PACSR was compared. All strains of Giardia grown in TYI-33-PACSR reached relative cellular densities of 91 to 95% compared to controls growing in serum-supplemented TYI-S-33 medium. Additionally, PLA A2 activity was similar in the P30 sub-cellular fraction obtained from trophozoites growing in TYI-S-33 and TYI-33-PACSR. Thus, TYI-33-PACSR could be useful in analyzing the biological properties of G. duodenalis in the absence of serum.
Molecular identification of Diphyllobothrium latum and a brief review of diphyllobothriosis in China
Authors: Guo Ai-Jiang , Liu Kan , Gong Wei , Luo Xue-Nong , Yan Hong-Bin , Zhao Song-Buo , Hu Song-Nian , Jia Wan-Zhong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTwo tapeworm specimens collected in northeast China in 2009 and 2011 were identified as Diphyllobothrium latum based on morphological criteria. Molecular methods were used to confirm their identity and analyze genetic variations compared with published data for this species. Species identity was confirmed by molecular characterization of the 18S rDNA partial sequence, complete sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) and 5.8S rDNA, and partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5). PCR amplification and sequence analysis of 18S rDNA (1472 bp), ITS regions (1218 bp), cox1 (885 bp), and nad5 (1028 bp) revealed that these four sequences showed more than 99% identity to reference sequences for D. latum, confirming that this species is D. latum. To date, a total of 12 diphyllobothriosis cases have been documented in China. This study represents the first molecular characterization of D. latum in China, providing molecular evidence of human diphyllobothriosis in China.
A model for co-clusters and their strengthening in Al–Cu–Mg based alloys: a comparison with experimental data
Authors: Starink Marco Jan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA model for the thermodynamics of and strengthening due to Cu–Mg co-clusters in Al–Cu–Mg based alloys is analysed and tested. The formulation uses a single interaction enthalpy between dissimilar alloying elements (e.g. Cu and Mg atoms in an Al–Cu–Mg based alloy) combined with the configurational entropy. The metastable solvus in Al–Cu–Mg based alloys is calculated. Recently published small angle X-ray scattering experiments, 3-dimensional atom probe and yield strength data on these type of alloys support the model. The small angle X-ray scattering and hardness experiments, as well as calorimetry experiments, are sensitive to the main free energy (or enthalpy) changes, which are dominated by Cu–Mg bonds formed by the dimers and the local electron densities related to these bonds. 3 dimensional atom probe is less sensitive to dimers, and will detect agglomeration of dimers to form larger clusters.
On the high temperature stability of γ-Al2O3/Ti0.33Al0.67N coated WC–Co cutting inserts
Authors: Jiang Kaiyun , Sarakinos Kostas , Atiser Adil , Reinholdt Alexander , Mayer Joachim , Schneider Jochen M. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The high temperature stability of γ-Al2O3 films deposited using filtered cathodic arc and plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition on Ti0.33Al0.67N coated WC–Co cutting inserts is investigated. X-ray diffractometry reveals that filtered cathodic arc deposited films transform partially into the thermodynamically stable α-Al2O3 phase at a temperature of 1000°C. The γ to α-Al2O3 transformation for plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition grown films is observed at 900°C. These results are in qualitative agreement with differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Transmission electron microscopy on filtered cathodic arc and plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition films annealed at 900°C reveals the existence of hexagonal AlN in the Ti0.33Al0.67N interlayer, as well as Al depletion at the Al2O3/Ti0.33Al0.67N interface. After annealing the plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition sample at 900°C, α-Al2O3 grains with a size of ∼100 nm are observed inside the γ-Al2O3 matrix, while for filtered cathodic arc samples only the γ-phase is identified. Transmission electron microscopy analysis on both filtered cathodic arc and plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition samples annealed at 1000°C shows that the original Al2O3/Ti0.33Al0.67N/WC–Co layer architecture is no longer intact. The formation of TiO2 is detected along the growth direction of the Al2O3 films. The present study suggests that not only the morphology and the impurities incorporated into γ-Al2O3 but also stability of the Ti0.33Al0.67N interlayer determine the high temperature stability of γ-Al2O3/Ti0.33Al0.67N coated hardmetal.
Microstructure and phase composition in a die cast Mg–Nd alloy containing Zn and Zr
Authors: Atiya Galit , Bamberger Menachem , Katsman Alexander 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The microstructure of the as-cast Mg-3.1Nd-0.45Zr-0.25Zn (wt.%) alloy was investigated. It consists of α-Mg matrix, a divorced intergranular phase and small Zr-containing particles. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis on transmission electron microscopy samples was carried out in order to eliminate the Mg matrix contribution to the quantitative analysis results and to reveal the intergranular phase composition which was found to be Mg12–x
Zn
x
Nd (x ∼ 0.31) (space group I4/mmm) with a bct crystal structure. The lattice parameters (a = 1.029 nm and c = 0.591 nm) were found using X-ray diffraction with the least squares refinement technique. The combination of different characterization techniques indicates that Mg atoms are substituted by Zn atoms without a change in the crystal structure.
Surface oxide layer formation on Au-Pt-Pd-Si alloys for dental resin restorations
Authors: Park Jeong-Jong , Joo Uk-Hyun , Kim Kwang-Mahn , Kim Kyoung-Nam 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop Au-Pt-Pd-Si alloys with metal-resin bonding properties optimized for dental restorations. The amount of silicon added ranged from 0.00-0.54 wt.%. The Au-Pt-Pd-Si alloys were manufactured using an arc melting furnace. They were homogenized at 800°C in air and cold rolled to a 1 mm thickness. The changes in the surface morphology and oxide layer formation were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after oxidation treatment. The mechanical properties of the alloys were evaluated using micro-hardness and shear bonding tests. The surface oxide layer was mostly composed of silicon dioxide and metallic gold. The micro-hardness of the Au-Pt-Pd-Si alloys increased as a function of the silicon concentration. The shear bonding strength was significantly higher (9.30 MPa) at 0.54 wt.% silicon (p < 0.05).
Effect of sol concentration on the microstructures of barium hafnate titanate nanopowders
Authors: Fu Chunlin , Liao Huan , Cai Wei , Deng Xiaoling , Chen Gang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe properties of barium hafnate titanate are possibly better than those of barium zirconium titanate. In general nanoscale materials possess unique electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. Barium hafnate titanate powders were prepared via sol-gel processing at different sol concentrations. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy characterization were performed. The X-ray diffraction spectra suggest that a higher calcination temperature is necessary for the powder samples prepared at lower sol concentrations to obtain a pure phase. The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results both reveal that the average powder size decreases with the increasing of sol concentration, which may be due to the change in viscosity.
Thermodynamic re-assessment of the Ni – Sn system
Authors: Liu Jinming , Guo Cuiping , Li Changrong , Du Zhenmin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe Ni – Sn system was critically re-assessed by means of the CALPHAD technique. The excess Gibbs energies of the solution phases (liquid, fcc (Ni) and bct (Sn)) were modeled with the Redlich–Kister equation. Five intermetallic compounds, Ni3Sn_HT (which is stable at high temperature), Ni3Sn_LT (which is stable at low temperature), Ni3Sn2_HT, Ni3Sn2_LT and Ni3Sn4in the Ni – Sn system were treated as the formula (Ni,Sn)1/4(Ni,Sn)1/4(Ni)1/2, (Ni,Sn)3/4(Ni,Sn)1/4, (Ni)1/3(Ni,Sn)1/3(Sn)1/3, (Sn)1/5(Ni,Sn)2/5 · (Ni)2/5, and (Ni)1/4(Ni,Sn)1/4(Ni)1/2, respectively. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters of the Ni – Sn system was obtained.
Stability of mechanical behavior and work performance in TiNi-based alloys during thermal cycling
Authors: Belyaev Sergey , Resnina Natalia 
Published: August 2012

AbstractVariations in strain and work output in two Ti-47 at.%Ni-3 at.%Cu and Ti-51.5 at.%Ni alloys during thermal cycling in the mode of fixed stress acting on cooling and heating were studied. It was found that in the Ti50Ni47Cu3 alloy with a low level of yield stress, the values of transformation plasti city and shape memory effect and work output were changing during thermal cycling. It was observed that the mechanical behavior and work performance of Ti-51.5 at.%Ni alloy with a high level of yield stress was stable on thermal cycling irrespective the value of stress acting on cooling and heating. It was found that under the same stress conditions the value of work output in Ti-51.5 at.% Ni alloy was four times lower than in the Ti-47 at.%Ni-3 at.%Cu alloy. Moreover, the accumulated residual strain was approximately 40 times lower than in Ti50Ni47Cu3 alloy with a low level of yield stress.
LLDPE/Proton Exchanged Layered Niobate K4Nb6O17 Nanocomposites
Authors: Otaguro H. , Ruvolo-Filho A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The potassium hexaniobate was synthesized by reacting, in stoichiometric proportions, Nb2O5 and K2CO3 at 1100°C and modified with octadecylamine from an acid-base reaction. Through X-ray diffraction, an interlayer space of 4.27 nm was observed in comparison with 0.79 nm of unmodified oxide; this was also shown by SEM microscopy. The hybrid nanofiller previously obtained was incorporated into LLDPE by melt intercalation (0 up to 10 wt.%) using a twin screw extruder and LLDPE-g-MAH as compatibilizer. From TGA results, all nanocomposites (LLDPE/LLDPE-g-MAH/lamellar oxide) have increased the onset degradation temperature, while the oxide lost during processing for LLDPE/LLDPE-g-MAH/lamellar oxide nanocomposites was higher for the highest content in comparison with LLDPE matrix. According to the Eyring equation, the activation volume of the samples could be calculated using the relationship between the yield strength and strain rate from tensile stress-strain curves. The activation volume decreased with increase of nanofiller concentration, suggesting a good adhesion between the layered oxide and the polymeric matrix for high concentration. This can be attributed to the restricted segmental motion near the nanofiller/polymeric interface, while a poor interaction between them was observed for low concentration. However, the Young's modulus showed a 50% improvement for low nanofiller concentration, especially in the case of 1 wt.% of nanofiller, which was also confirmed by modulus and toughness balance. Considering all the results, it has been revealed that the proton exchanged layered niobate can improve the thermal and mechanical properties of LLDPE/LLDPE-g-MAH/lamellar oxide nanocomposites.
Modelling the Solids Throughput of Single Screw Smooth Barrel Extruders as a Function of the Feed Section Parameters
Authors: Leßmann J.-S. , Weddige R. , Schöppner V. , Porsch A. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In a smooth barrel extruder, the throughput is generally dominated by the metering sections pumping ability. Within the feed zone, more granules can always be conveyed than can melt in the compression zone and be discharged in the metering zone. At high screw speeds, this effect will only occur if the granules flow quickly enough out of the hopper into the screw channel and this is fully filled. In this case, the solids throughput up to maximum screw speed shows an approximately linear relationship to the speed. These linear solids conveying characteristics necessitate constructional changes to the hopper opening. In this article, solids conveying processes with approximately linear conveying characteristics up to speeds of 2,000 min−1 (peripheral velocities up to 3 m/s) are simulated with various feed hopper geometries. The simulations are carried out by means of DEM (Discrete Element Method) in which the granules are approximated by single spherical particles. From the simulation results, via dimensional analysis a model is derived for describing the throughput as a function of the geometry and process parameters of the solids feed zone.
Controllable Self-organization of Polyphenylene Oxide Honeycomb Microstructure
Authors: Chen H. , Shang X. , Zhang D. , Hagiwara I. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Polymer films with patterned microstructure have been widely applied in various industrial areas such as micro reactors, chemical sensors and micro-molded template etc. In this paper, a self-supporting polymer film with regular honeycomb microstructure is fabricated by self-organization via evaporation of polyphenylene oxide (PPO) solution in which carbon disulfide is used as solvent under humid ambience. Apart from investigation of self-organization mechanism of PPO honeycomb including nucleation, growth of water droplets condensed upon liquid supporting substrate, the quantitative relationship between honeycomb microstructure and ambient conditions is built through tremendous self-organization experiments. The controllable formation of honeycomb microstructure with desirable hydrophobicity was achieved by use of built quantitative relationship. Moreover, hydrophobicity mathematical model of self-organized honeycomb thin film was proposed, and its validation was experimentally verified.
Status of Noise Pollution in Mixed Areas of Dhaka City: a GIS Approach
Authors: Haq MA , Islam MM , Ali MS , Haque MF , Akhand MMR 
Published: August 2012

Noise pollution is one of the most harmful pollution. Uncontrolled noise of Dhaka city has made a serious and vulnerable situation for the dwellers. Mixed areas are used in multidimensional ways so the degree and intensity of noise pollution is often higher. In this regard, this study has been framed to explore the nature and vulnerability of noise pollution in mixed areas as well as to realize its impacts using GIS approach. Accordingly, an investigation has been carried out employing different field techniques in Ramna area which is a mixed area in nature and important part of the city. This study put an effort to determine the level of noise pollution and its zone of influence to know how far noise is affecting the socio-environment of the study area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11548 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 09-17, 2012
Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic of Karala (Momordica charantia) Fruits in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Hossain MA , Mostofa M , Debnath D , Alam AKMR , Yasmin Z , Moitry NF 
Published: August 2012

To investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Momordica charantia (Karala), the aqueous extract of the Karala fruit was tested on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty six albino rats were used in the experiment, 30 diabetic and the remaining six as negative control (T1). Diabetes was induced by administering (injecting) STZ at dose of 55mg/kg body weight. Thirty diabetic animals were randomly divided into five groups such as diabetic control group (T2) without any application of treatment, and groups T3,T4,T5 and T6 were treated with aqueous extract of Karala fruits daily at the doses of 250, 500 and 750mg/kg and glibenclamide (at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight) respectively. The body weight was taken and blood samples were collected from individual animal to determine glucose levels at 15 day interval up to 90 days. In addition, Asparate Transaminenase(AST), Alanine Transaminenase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total cholesterol (TCh) and Triglyceride (TGA) were determined at day 15 and at the end of the experiment. All three doses of Karala extracts reduced diabetic induced blood sugar and the reduction is comparable with standard glibenclamide (GLM) dose particularly with higher doses Karala extracts (500 and 750mg). Karala also prevented body weight loss due to induced diabetes as did by GLM treatment.. The treatment also resulted in a significant reduction of Asparate Transaminenase(AST), Alanine Transaminenase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total cholesterol (TCh) and Triglyceride (TGA) activities of treated rats when compared to the STZ induced diabetic rats. Higher doses of Karala (500 and 750mg/kg) are as effective as standard GLM dose on measured variables. This study demonstrated that Karala has hyperglycemia and antihyperlipidemic effect against STZ induced diabetic rats. These findings open the possibility of using Karala extract to treat diabetic animal and human patients although further research is warranted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11550 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 29 - 37, 2012