bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical controls on deep water coral communities on the George V Land slope, East Antarctica
Authors: Post Alexandra L. , O’Brien Philip E. , Beaman Robin J. , Riddle Martin J. , De Santis Laura 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDense coral-sponge communities on the upper continental slope at 570–950 m off George V Land, East Antarctica have been identified as Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems. The challenge is now to understand their probable distribution on other parts of the Antarctic margin. We propose three main factors governing their distribution on the George V margin: 1) their depth in relation to iceberg scouring, 2) the flow of organic-rich bottom waters, and 3) their location at the head of shelf cutting canyons. Icebergs scour to 500 m in this region and the lack of such disturbance is a probable factor allowing the growth of rich benthic ecosystems. In addition, the richest communities are found in the heads of canyons which receive descending plumes of Antarctic Bottom Water formed on the George V shelf, which could entrain abundant food for the benthos. The canyons harbouring rich benthos are also those that cut the shelf break. Such canyons are known sites of high productivity in other areas due to strong current flow and increased mixing with shelf waters, and the abrupt, complex topography. These proposed mechanisms provide a framework for the identification of areas where there is a higher likelihood of encountering these Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems.
Mexico–Olive Oil: Remedy without a cause?
Authors: BOWN CHAD P. , Meagher Niall 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper provides a legal-economic analysis of the unappealed WTO Panel Report in Mexico–Olive Oil. The case involved a countervailing-duty measure imposed by Mexico on imports of olive oil from the European Communities (in particular, Spain and Italy). The dispute raised important issues regarding the determination of causation of injury, as neither the Panel nor the investigating authority gave much credence to evidence that the main complaint of the domestic industry was the loss of a distribution agreement and brand-name rights with a Spanish exporter. The dispute also raised interesting concerns regarding the remedies for violations of procedural obligations in the conduct of anti-dumping/countervailing-duty investigations and the right of a domestic producer that has ceased production to seek protection under the trade-remedy laws.
Veränderungsmechanismen in Elterntrainings am Beispiel von Workplace Triple P
Authors: Hartung Doreen , Lups Franziska , Hahlweg Kurt 
Published: March 2010

Elterntrainings haben sich als eine geeignete Interventionsform erwiesen, um dysfunktionales Erziehungsverhalten zu reduzieren und elterliche Selbstwirksamkeit zu steigern. Wie diese Veränderungen erzielt werden ist jedoch größtenteils unerforscht. Am Beispiel von Workplace Triple P wurde überprüft, ob Veränderungen in der elterlichen Selbstwirksamkeit zu Veränderungen im Erziehungsverhalten führen oder ob Veränderungen im Erziehungsverhalten zu Veränderungen in der elterlichen Selbstwirksamkeit führen. Als Stichprobe dienten berufstätige Eltern einer Experimental- und Wartelistenkontrollgruppe (N = 97 Eltern; 74 Mütter, 23 Väter; n [EG] = 42; n [KG] = 55). Regressionsbasierte Mediatoranalysen belegen, dass die Effekte des Trainings auf die elterliche Selbstwirksamkeit durch die Reduktion des dysfunktionalen Erziehungsverhaltens mediiert werden. Umgekehrt konnte jedoch nicht gezeigt werden, dass die Effekte des Trainings auf das dysfunktionale Erziehungsverhalten der Eltern durch Verbesserungen der elterlichen Selbstwirksamkeit mediiert werden. Diese Ergebnisse unterstützen die Bedeutung von Elterntrainings, in denen konkrete Erziehungs- und Stressmanagementfertigkeiten geübt und im Alltag umgesetzt werden, um positive Veränderungen im Familienleben zu erzielen.
Tetrahydrobiopterin supplementation reduces atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice
Authors: Schmidt Tim S. , McNeill Eileen , Douglas Gillian , Crabtree Mark J. , Hale Ashley B. , Khoo Jeffrey , O'Neill Charles A. , Cheng Alphonsus , Channon Keith M. , Alp Nicholas J. 
Published: March 2010

BH4 (tetrahydrobiopterin) supplementation improves endothelial function in models of vascular disease by maintaining eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) coupling and NO (nitric oxide) bioavailability. However, the cellular mechanisms through which enhanced endothelial function leads to reduced atherosclerosis remain unclear. We have used a pharmaceutical BH4 formulation to investigate the effects of BH4 supplementation on atherosclerosis progression in ApoE-KO (apolipoprotein E-knockout) mice. Single oral dose pharmacokinetic studies revealed rapid BH4 uptake into plasma and organs. Plasma BH4 levels returned to baseline by 8 h after oral dosing, but remained markedly increased in aorta at 24 h. Daily oral BH4 supplementation in ApoE-KO mice from 8 weeks of age, for a period of 8 or 12 weeks, had no effect on plasma lipids or haemodynamic parameters, but significantly reduced aortic root atherosclerosis compared with placebo-treated animals. BH4 supplementation significantly reduced VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) mRNA levels in aortic endothelial cells, markedly reduced the infiltration of T-cells, macrophages and monocytes into plaques, and reduced T-cell infiltration in the adjacent adventitia, but importantly had no effect on circulating leucocytes. GCH (GTP cyclohydrolase I)-transgenic mice, with a specific increase in endothelial BH4 levels, exhibited a similar reduction in vascular immune cell infiltration compared with BH4-deficient controls, suggesting that BH4 reduces vascular inflammation via endothelial cell signalling. In conclusion, BH4 supplementation reduces vascular immune cell infiltration in atherosclerosis and may therefore be a rational therapeutic approach to reduce the progression of atherosclerosis.
L'Emploi du temps: Diderot et Rousseau lecteurs de Sénèque
Authors: Nouis Lucien 
Published: March 2010

Résumé

L'ancien questionnement philosophique sur le bon emploi du temps, que l'on trouve notamment développé dans les protreptiques (exhortations à la philosophie) de l'antiquité, est repris de manière peu orthodoxe par Diderot dans son
Essai sur les règnes de Claude et de Néron
(1782), à propos du texte de Sénèque
De la brièveté de la vie
: alors que Sénèque prône de façon toute classique que le bon emploi du temps coïncide avec le retrait dans la solitude pour s'employer à la philosophie, Diderot déclare vouloir donner son temps à qui le réclame et le compter pour rien. Nous envisagerons cette prise de position à la lumière de la querelle qui avait opposé Diderot à Rousseau sur la question de la sociabilité et de la solitude: Rousseau se montre proche de Sénèque, il est jaloux de son temps, c'est la seule chose dont on puisse être avare; Diderot, lui, en est prodigue, il l'offre à qui le demande. A travers cette divergence se pose la question de la place du philosophe et de la philosophie dans la société: comment mesurer ce qui appartient à l'individu et ce qui appartient au groupe?
Body size and social dominance influence breeding dispersal in malePachydiplax longipennis(Odonata)
Authors: McCAULEY SHANNON J. 
Published: March 2010

1. Dispersal behaviour can be affected by an individual's phenotype, by the environmental or social context they experience, and by interactions between these factors. Differential dispersal propensities between individuals may also be an important modifier of functional connectivity between populations. To assess how a key trait, body size, affected both social interactions and dispersal behaviour, this study examined the relationship between body size, antagonistic interactions, and breeding dispersal in male dragonflies (Pachydiplax longipennis) across a seasonal decline in adult body size.2. During a seasonal peak in male body size in this study, dispersers were smaller than non‐dispersers. Later in the season, the body size of dispersers and non‐dispersers did not differ.3. Focal observations found that body size was related to competitive dominance, large males engaged in aggressive chases more often and smaller males were more frequently pursued.4. These results indicate that when large males were present, small males were more likely to disperse suggesting that dispersal is a tactic adopted by social subordinates in this context. If breeding dispersal is typically undertaken by subordinate males, functional connectivity between populations may be less than estimated from absolute dispersal rates.
Histopathology of culture‐associated skin erosions and papillary hyperplasia of Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.)
Authors: Ottesen O H , Noga E J , Amin A 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAtlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.), that were cultured in tanks with a smooth bottom (gel‐coated fibreglass) substrate developed papillary hyperplasia and skin erosions on the blind (ventral) side. No viruses, bacteria or parasites were observed in any sections of affected skin. Comparison of microscopic pathology with that of skin from normal, wild‐caught halibut showed severe epidermal proliferation with foci of severe mucous cell hyperplasia. Both epidermal thickness and mucous cell density were significantly greater in fish held on a smooth substrate compared to skin of healthy fish. Spongiosis was present, especially at the base of the papillary, hyperplastic epidermis, and there was a chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the scale pockets composed of lymphocytes, histiocytes and erythrocytes. Skin erosions had various degrees of epidermal loss, in some cases to the basement membrane. A predisposing factor for the epidermal sloughing may have been related to the spongiosis, and the vacuolated, degenerated basal cells. When affected halibut were cultured for an additional 28, 62 or 97 days on a sand substrate, which is conducive to skin lesion healing, there was no apparent change in epidermal thickness over time. However, mucous cell density significantly increased from day 0 to 97 during the healing process.
The Laurentian Great Lakes strain (MI03) of the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus is highly pathogenic for juvenile muskellunge, Esox masquinongy (Mitchill)
Authors: Kim R K , Faisal M 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe Great Lakes strain of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) isolated from adult subclinical muskellunge, Esox masquinongy (Mitchill), in Lake St. Clair, MI, USA was shown to be highly pathogenic in juvenile muskellunge through intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and waterborne challenge. Mortality began as early as 3 days after exposure in waterborne challenged fish, whereas fish infected by the i.p. route experienced the first mortality by 5 days post‐infection (p.i.). The median lethal intraperitoneal injection dose (IP‐LD50) was approximately 2.21 plaque forming units (PFU) as opposed to the median lethal immersion challenge dose (IM‐LD50) of 1.7 × 104 PFU mL−1. A high, medium and low dose of infection caused acute, subacute and chronic progression of the disease, respectively, as was evident by the cumulative mortality data. Clinical signs of disease observed in dead and moribund fish were very pale gills, dermal petechial haemorrhages along the flanks, severe nuchal haemorrhages, intramuscular haemorrhages at the fin–muscle junction and focal haemorrhaging on the caudal peduncle. Internal lesions included livers that were pale, discoloured and friable, and kidneys that were either congested or degenerative in appearance, and petechial to ecchymotic haemorrhages on the swim bladder wall. Histopathologic examination demonstrated massive haemorrhages in the swimbladder wall and muscle, severe vacuolation and multifocal necrosis of the liver, multifocal necrosis of the gills and depletion of lymphoid tissues within the spleen. Kidney tissues also exhibited a mixed pattern of degeneration that included tubular necrosis, interstitial oedema and congestion. Virus was recovered from kidney and spleen tissues through tissue culture and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).
The relationship between acquired impairments of executive function and behaviour change in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Adams D. , Oliver C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground  The latter stages of dementia in individuals with Down syndrome are well documented; however, earlier cognitive and behavioural changes have only recently been described. Holland et al. suggested such early signs of dementia in this population are behavioural and are similar to those seen in frontotemporal dementia, but there is, as yet, no evidence to determine whether such behavioural changes are associated with a declines in specific cognitive functions, including those associated with the frontal lobes.Methods  A longitudinal design of three time points across 16 months was used across 30 adults with Down syndrome aged 30 years and over. Measures of cognition (Neuropsychological Assessment of Dementia in Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities), receptive language (British Picture Vocabulary Scales), adaptive behaviour (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales), behavioural excesses and behavioural deficits (Assessment for Adults with Developmental Disabilities) and measures of executive functioning were completed at each time point. Using a data‐driven method, cognitive deterioration was determined using the Reliable Change Index on performance on the Neuropsychological Assessment of Dementia in Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities across the duration of the study. Performance on the remaining measures were then compared between those with (n = 10) and those without (n = 20) cognitive deterioration.Results  Only individuals with cognitive deterioration showed decreases on measures of executive function and significant changes in behaviour across the duration of the study, which was not solely due to declines in memory. There were no changes between the groups on levels of adaptive behaviour.Conclusions  Even in the early stages of cognitive deterioration, specific behavioural changes can be identified that are not present in those without cognitive deterioration. The differing effects of cognitive deterioration on behavioural excesses and deficits are discussed in relation to potentially differing underlying neuropathological causes.
Flight behaviour of European corn borer infected with Nosema pyrausta
Authors: Dorhout D. L. , Sappington T. W. , Lewis L. C. , Rice M. E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe microsporidian Nosema pyrausta Paillot is a common and widespread pathogen of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in North America and Europe. Nosema negatively affects European corn borer longevity and fecundity. In this study, we used flight mills to examine the effects of Nosema infection on flight activity of unmated males and females at 1 and 3 days after pupal eclosion, taking the level of infection, as measured by number of Nosema spores per mg of tissue, into consideration. Nosema infection had a significant negative effect on distance, duration and speed of the longest uninterrupted flight, as well as on total distance and duration of flight of 1‐day‐old males, but not of 3‐day‐old males or females of either age. However, when insects with a light infection (<15 spores/mg) were pooled with uninfected moths, significant negative effects of a moderate/heavy infection (≥15 spores/mg) were observed for most flight parameters in 1‐day‐old, but not 3‐day‐old, moths of both sexes. The magnitude of reduction was often substantial: e.g., distance and duration were sevenfold, and 3.5‐fold less, respectively, in 1‐day‐old females with a moderate/heavy infection. Flight distance and duration were significantly negatively correlated with level of Nosema infection in 1‐day‐old, but not 3‐day‐old, moths of both sexes. The percentage of moths of either sex or age with a moderate/heavy Nosema infection flying given distances was less than that of lightly infected (<15 spores/mg) moths. Among uninfected adults, forewing length was positively correlated with several measures of flight performance in males, but not females. However, some performance measures were correlated with wing length in females when infected with Nosema. Nosema infection was associated with reduced adult weight, but not forewing length, suggesting that negative effects of Nosema infection on flight performance are related to reduced energy reserves rather than smaller body size per se.
Caring with difficulty: Brazilian nurses' experiences of gynaecological surgery care
Authors: Da Costa Vargens Octavio Muniz , Berterö Carina M 
Published: March 2010

da Costa Vargens OM, Berterö CM. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 159–165 Caring with difficulty: Brazilian nurses' experiences of gynaecological surgery careThis study was made by a qualitative approach based on symbolic interactionism and grounded theory. The subject was defined as what mutilation means for nurses who take care of women submitted to gynaecological surgery. The aim was to identify the interaction relationship of nurses as female with the phenomenon of mutilation in gynaecological surgeries and how it affects their relationship with female patients in this situation. Data were obtained by interviews with 16 nurses who work in gynaecology units. The findings present two core categories: speaking as a professional and speaking as female. When they spoke as professional nurses they defined mutilation technically. As females they verbalized their conflict and difficulty in working with mutilation and redefined it as being the loss of something very important for themselves. We conclude that female nurses when confronting female surgery distances themselves behind the professional nurse and performs nursing care as a daily routine. It means that these nurses live a personal conflict that influences directly on how they supply care. They care for but do not care about, the ethos of biomedicine leads carers on to a technical path from which it is difficult to get off.
Review: Membranes for haemodialysis
Authors: KERR PETER G , HUANG LOUIS 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTHaemodialysis, by design, uses a semipermeable membrane to separate blood from dialysate. The qualities of this membrane determine the nature of the ‘traffic’ between the blood and dialysate. In this sense, the qualities of the membrane determine what size molecules move from one compartment to the other, the amount and rate at which they might move and the amount and rate of water movement across the membrane. In addition, the nature of the membrane influences the biological response of the patient both in terms of what is or is not removed by the dialysis process and by way of the reaction to the biocompatibility of the membrane. This brief review will explore aspects of dialysis membrane characteristics.
Effects of herbivory and the season of disturbance on algal succession in a tropical intertidal shore, Phuket, Thailand
Authors: Mayakun Jaruwan , Kim Jeong Ha , Prathep Anchana 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARYThe effects of herbivory and the season of disturbance on species composition and algal succession were experimentally tested at a tropical intertidal shore, Phuket Island, Thailand. Dead coral patches were cleared of all organisms during both the dry and rainy seasons in order to study the effects of season on algal succession and cages were set up to exclude fish herbivory. Algal succession in this intertidal habitat showed a simple pattern and took a year from the early Ulva paradoxa C. Agardh stage to the late Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa Børgesen stage. The abundance of algae during succession was under the influence of seasonal change. U. paradoxa reproduced and recruited throughout the year. Caging effects did not apparently influence algal abundance, perhaps because resident herbivorous damselfishes excluded other herbivores from their territories and maintained their algal “farms”. Unexpectedly, the percent cover of Ulva in the caged plots was lower than in uncaged plots. This pattern may indicate that caging excluded damselfishes only, but allowed small herbivores that consumed substantial amounts of soft filamentous algae in the cages.
Population dynamics and culture studies of the edible red alga Callophyllis variegata (Kallymeniaceae)
Authors: Del Carmen Hernández‐González María , Aroca Gesica , Furci Giuliana , Buschmann Alejandro H. , Filún Luis , Espinoza René 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARY Callophyllis variegata is a red alga that has been exported to Japan as an edible seaweed over the past few years. Available data strongly suggest that after a few years of exploitation of the C. variegata stands in southern Chile, a decline of its abundance seems to be occurring. However, there is not sufficient knowledge available to sustain harvesting strategies or to develop cultivation techniques. This study describes the C. variegata landings in the south of Chile and also provides some basic data on the biology of this species. Experiments related to the cultivation of early developmental stages, frond cultivation under controlled conditions and the regeneration capacity of the holdfast of this red alga are also presented. Spore production occurs mainly in autumn and winter and survival of carpospores decreased as the temperature increased from 8 to 12°C. Survival of tetraspores increased significantly, from 50 to 60% to over 80%, when temperature was raised from 8 to 12°C. Carpospore survival was also significantly affected by the photon flux density. This effect was mainly at 8°C, whereas at 33 µmol m−2 s−1 the survival of the spores is always low. The cultivation of apical portions of C. variegata under laboratory conditions showed that lower temperatures (8°C) significantly increased growth. Salinity and photon flux density did not have an effect on specific growth rate. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that holdfasts can regenerate fronds and that these fronds can be excised and cultivated, and are far more tolerant to environmental factors than the apical portions.
PANEL DATA UNIT ROOT TEST WITH FIXED TIME DIMENSION
Authors: Carrion‐i‐Silvestre Josep Lluís , Hadri Kaddour 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe consideration of the limit theory in which T is fixed and N is allowed to go to infinity improves the finite‐sample properties of the tests and avoids the imposition of the relative rates at which T and N go to infinity.
Public Goods, Social Norms, and Naïve Beliefs
Authors: CARTWRIGHT EDWARD , PATEL AMRISH 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn individual's contribution to a public good may be seen by others as a signal of attributes such as generosity or wealth. An individual may, therefore, choose their contribution so as to send an appropriate signal to others. In this paper, we question how the inferences made by others will influence the amount contributed to the public good. Evidence suggests that individuals are naïve and biased toward taking things at “face value.” We contrast, therefore, contributions made to a public good if others are expected to make rational inferences versus contributions if others are expected to make naïve inferences.
Equitable and Efficient Federal Structures with Decentralized Leadership, Spillovers, and Attachment of Heterogeneous Labor
Authors: AOYAMA NAOTO , SILVA EMILSON C. D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRelying on differentiability assumptions and on conditions that guarantee interior solutions, we show that a federation featuring decentralized leadership, interregional spillovers, and labor attachment allocates resources efficiently under two sets of circumstances. The first is when the center is Rawlsian. The second is when individual utilities are quasi‐linear, regional welfare functions are Benthamite, and the center's objective function is a Bergson–Samuelson transformation of regional welfare levels, which also satisfies conditions needed for the center to view regional welfare levels as normal goods. In both sets of circumstances, efficient behavior follows from incentive equivalence promoted by the center's egalitarian transfers.