bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of novel 2,3‐dihydro‐3‐hydroperoxy‐2‐aryl‐4,5‐diphenylisothiazole 1,1‐dioxides and their epoxidation ability
Authors: Makota Oksana , Wolf Janine , Trach Yuriy , Schulze Barbel 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
magnified image The novel hydroperoxy sultams, 2,3‐dihydro‐3‐hydroperoxy‐2‐aryl‐4,5‐diphenylisothiazole 1,1‐dioxides, were synthesized by the oxidation of the 2‐aryl‐4,5‐diphenyl substituted isothiazolium salts with H2O2. These hydroperoxy sultams were investigated as epoxidation agents in the epoxidation reaction of cis‐cyclooctene catalyzed by MoB. 2‐(2‐Chlorophenyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐3‐hydroperoxy‐4,5‐diphenylisothiazole 1,1‐dioxide was found to have the highest epoxidation ability. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Developmental co‐regulation of the β and γ GABAAreceptor subunits with distinct α subunits in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Fillman Stu G. , Duncan Carlotta E. , Webster Maree J. , Elashoff Michael , Weickert Cynthia Shannon 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe GABAAreceptor (GABAAR) is a pentameric chloride ion channel that mediates neuronal inhibition and is commonly comprised of 2α, 2β and 1γ subunits. These subunits have distinct characteristics that critically impact receptor function. In this study, we sought to determine if developmental expression of the β and γ subunit mRNAs in the prefrontal cortex would show complementary or opposing patterns of change as compared to the α subunits. Certain GABAAR subunit genes are arranged in tandem on the chromosome, and we hypothesized that genomic proximity would lead to co‐regulation during development.The mRNA expression of the 3β and 3γ subunits was measured in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 68 individuals aged neonate to adult, using microarray with qPCR validation. Changes between age groups were identified through ANOVA, linear regression and post hoc Fisher LSD tests while a principal component analysis was used to establish co‐regulation of GABAAR genes.β1, γ1 and γ3 subunits decreased in expression with age whereas γ2 increased. β2 showed dynamic regulation with early increases plateauing across childhood and adolescence before decreasing in adulthood while β3 levels remained relatively constant. Using published α subunit data we identified two principal components labeled ‘Decreasing’ (α2, α5, β1, γ1 and γ3) and ‘Dynamic’ (α1, α4, β2 and γ2) responsible for 84% of the variation in GABAAR subunit development.This grouping is generally consistent with the chromosomal localization of subunits, lending credence to regional transcriptional control mechanisms. In addition, understanding developmental changes in GABAAR subunits could foster better pediatric pharmaceutical treatments.
Comparison of optical rhinometry to acoustic rhinometry using nasal provocation testing with Dermatophagoides farinae
Authors: Cheung Esther J. , Citardi Martin J. , Fakhri Samer , Cain Jordan , Batra Pete S. , Luong Amber 
Published: June 2010

OBJECTIVETo evaluate optical rhinometry (ORM) as an objective evaluation of nasal patency using nasal provocation testing with Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) as compared with acoustic rhinometry.STUDY DESIGNProspective pilot.SETTINGAcademic rhinologic practice.SUBJECTS AND METHODSFive adult healthy controls and five adult subjects with allergic rhinitis (AR) underwent nasal provocation testing with increasing concentrations of Df while undergoing ORM. The minimum concentration of Df causing a positive reading was recorded. Nasal cross‐sectional area was measured before and after testing using acoustic rhinometry. Nasal patency was assessed subjectively after each challenge with the visual analogue scale.RESULTSThe median amount of Df causing a positive response on ORM was less in AR patients as compared to healthy controls, at 5000 AU/mL and greater than 10,000 AU/mL, respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between the change in optical density in ORM and subjective nasal congestion after increasing Df challenges (r = 0.63; P = 0.0007). Similarly, there was a statistically significant correlation between change in optical density by ORM and both minimum cross‐sectional areas as measured by acoustic rhinometry (r = −0.60, P = 0.03; and r = −0.64, P = 0.02, respectively).CONCLUSIONThis is the first study to show a correlation between optical rhinometry and acoustic rhinometry during nasal provocation testing with Df. In addition, the data support a correlation of optical rhinometry to subjective symptoms of nasal congestion. These preliminary data suggest that optical rhinometry is able to assess changes in nasal patency during challenges with Df.© 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Obligation and Ability
Authors: McLaughlin R. N. 
Published: June 2010

The Robbers' Paradox has provided a focus of discussion in some of the recent articles on deontic logic. The paradox affects those systems which recognize in some way the maxim ‘Ought entails can’ and stems from a law, derivable in these systems, which can be put into words in this way:(i) If doing a necessitates my doing b, then if doing b is forbidden, doing a is forbidden.
The Logic of Social Contracts
Authors: Hunter J. F. M. 
Published: June 2010

In this paper I am using the word ‘logic’ in an extended sense. If anyone finds my use objectionable, he will at least find that nothing hangs on it; and if the word as used in this context conveys no information to any person, he will not be the poorer, because as he reads on, he will soon see the class of questions with which the paper deals.Some of the points I will make will be familiar enough, but I think I do also break some new ground; and anyway I think there is an advantage in bringing these considerations together so as to produce a relatively full discussion in a short space.
European Court of Justice. The Legal Basis of Internal Market Measures With a Security Dimension. Comment on Case C-301/06 of 10/02/2009, Ireland v. Parliament/Council, nyr
Authors: Poli Sara 
Published: June 2010

IntroductionEach time users connect to the internet or make a phone call, they leave ‘digital fingerprints’ which may turn out to be useful for identifying people involved in a crime or an act of terrorism. This is why there is great interest by law enforcement authorities in gaining access to traffic and location data, relying on the forced co-operation of telecommunication and internet providers. However, the effectiveness of compelling these service providers to retain such data for the purpose of fighting crime has been questioned. Moreover, data retention obligations interfere with the right to privacy of individuals, as protected by Article 8 European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR); therefore, they may be imposed only for a legitimate objective, i.e. to protect citizens' safety, and in full respect of the principle of proportionality.
Activator-Mediator binding regulates Mediator-cofactor interactions
Authors: Ebmeier Christopher C. , Taatjes Dylan J. 
Published: June 2010

The 26-subunit, 1.2 MDa human Mediator complex is essential for expression of perhaps all protein-coding genes. Activator binding triggers major structural shifts within Mediator, suggesting a straightforward means to spatially and temporally regulate Mediator activity. By using mass spectrometry (MudPIT) and other techniques, we have compared the subunit composition of Mediator in three different structural states: bound to the activator SREBP-1a, VP16, or an activator-free state. As expected, consensus Mediator subunits were similarly represented in each sample. However, we identify a set of cofactors that interact specifically with activator-bound but not activator-free Mediator, suggesting activator binding triggers new Mediator-cofactor interactions. Furthermore, MudPIT combined with biochemical assays reveals a nonoverlapping set of coregulatory factors associated with SREBP-Mediator vs. VP16-Mediator. These data define an expanded role for activators in regulating gene expression in humans and suggest that distinct, activator-induced structural shifts regulate Mediator function in gene-specific ways.
Learning transcriptional networks from the integration of ChIP–chip and expression data in a non-parametric model
Authors: Youn Ahrim , Reiss David J. , Stuetzle Werner 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Results: We have developed LeTICE (Learning Transcriptional networks from the Integration of ChIP–chip and Expression data), an algorithm for learning a transcriptional network from ChIP–chip and expression data. The network is specified by a binary matrix of transcription factor (TF)–gene interactions partitioning genes into modules and a background of genes that are not involved in the transcriptional regulation. We define a likelihood of a network, and then search for the network optimizing the likelihood.
We applied LeTICE to the location and expression data from yeast cells grown in rich media to learn the transcriptional network specific to the yeast cell cycle. It found 12 condition-specific TFs and 15 modules each of which is highly represented with functions related to particular phases of cell-cycle regulation.
Availability: Our algorithm is available at http://linus.nci.nih.gov/Data/YounA/LeTICE.zip
Contact: youna2@mail.nih.gov
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
adephylo: new tools for investigating the phylogenetic signal in biological traits
Authors: Jombart Thibaut , Balloux François , Dray Stéphane 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSummary: adephylo is a package for the R software dedicated to the analysis of comparative evolutionary data. Phylogenetic comparative methods initially aimed at accounting for or removing the effects of phylogenetic signal in the analysis of biological traits. However, recent approaches have shown that considerable information can be gathered from the study of the phylogenetic signal. In particular, close examination of phylogenetic structures can unveil interesting evolutionary patterns. For this purpose, we developed the package adephylo that provides tools for quantifying and describing the phylogenetic structures of biological traits. adephylo implements tests of phylogenetic signal, phylogenetic distances and proximities, and novel methods for describing further univariate and multivariate phylogenetic structures. These tools open up new perspectives in the analysis of evolutionary comparative data.Availability: The stable version is available from CRAN: http:/cran.r-project.org/web/packages/adephylo/. The development version is hosted by R-Forge: http://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/adephylo/. Both versions can be installed directly from R. adephylo is distributed under the GNU General Public Licence (≥2).Contact: t.jombart@imperial.ac.uk; dray@biomserv.univ-lyon1.frSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Exploring the potential of template-based modelling
Authors: Lance Braddon K. , Deane Charlotte M. , Wood Graham R. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Template-based modelling can approximate the unknown structure of a target protein using an homologous template structure. The core of the resulting prediction then comprises the structural regions conserved between template and target. Target prediction could be improved by rigidly repositioning such single template, structurally conserved fragment regions. The purpose of this article is to quantify the extent to which such improvements are possible and to relate this extent to properties of the target, the template and their alignment.
Results: The improvement in accuracy achievable when rigid fragments from a single template are optimally positioned was calculated using structure pairs from the HOMSTRAD database, as well as CASP7 and CASP8 target/best template pairs. Over the union of the structurally conserved regions, improvements of 0.7 Å in root mean squared deviation (RMSD) and 6% in GDT_HA were commonly observed. A generalized linear model revealed that the extent to which a template can be improved can be predicted using four variables. Templates with the greatest scope for improvement tend to have relatively more fragments, shorter fragments, higher percentage of helical secondary structure and lower sequence identity. Optimal positioning of the template fragments offers the potential for improving loop modelling. These results demonstrate that substantial improvement could be made on many templates if the conserved fragments were to be optimally positioned. They also provide a basis for identifying templates for which modification of fragment positions may yield such improvements.
Contact: braddon.lance@mq.edu.au
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cardiac output does not limit submaximal exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Shelton Rhidian J. , Ingle Lee , Rigby Alan S. , Witte Klaus K. , Cleland John G.F. , Clark Andrew L. 
Published: June 2010

AimsMechanisms of exercise limitation in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are incompletely understood. During matched submaximal, fixed‐rate exercise, oxygen uptake is similar in patients and healthy controls. However, the importance of cardiac output (CO) remains unresolved. We aimed to determine the effect of submaximal exercise on CO and other haemodynamic variables in patients with CHF using a validated non‐invasive inert gas rebreathing system.Methods and resultsSeventy‐two subjects with a mean age (±SD) of 68.2 (±8.1) years, performed fixed‐rate exercise for 3 min at 15, 30, 45, and 60 W workloads on a cycle ergometer. Cardiac output/index (CI) and oxygen uptake (VO2) were determined at each stage by inert gas rebreathing. Subjects with systolic HF (n= 27) were compared with those without (n= 45). Cardiac index was lower in subjects with CHF at rest and throughout exercise. VO2was the same for both groups at rest and during exercise. There was no difference in the relative or absolute increase in CI from rest to 60 W (1.70 ± 0.69 vs. 1.99 ± 0.56 L/min/m2,P= 0.102, respectively). Arterio‐venous O2saturation difference at peak exercise was 75.4 ± 10.4 vs. 63.0 ± 12.1%,P= 0.001, for CHF and non‐CHF subjects, respectively.ConclusionDuring submaximal exercise, patients with systolic heart failure are able to increase their CO to a similar extent as those without; with equal levels of oxygen consumption, but requiring a much greater degree of tissue oxygen extraction.
Prognostic impact of familial screening in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Moretti Michele , Merlo Marco , Barbati Giulia , Di Lenarda Andrea , Brun Francesca , Pinamonti Bruno , Gregori Dario , Mestroni Luisa , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: June 2010

AimsFamilial screening of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) allows an early diagnosis of the disease in family members. It is unclear if familial forms (FDC) have a different long‐term outcome compared with sporadic DCM. Our aim was to compare the long‐term prognosis of FDC and sporadic forms in order to assess the role of familial screening.Methods and resultsBetween 1988 and 2007, 637 DCM patients were consecutively enrolled. Of these, 130 patients (20.4%) had FDC, including 82 (12.9%) probands and 48 (7.5%) non‐proband FDC patients (NP‐FDC), identified by family screening. We compared the 48 NP‐FDC patients with a sample of 96 patients with sporadic DCM, who were randomly matched by year of enrolment in a 2:1 ratio. At enrolment the NP‐FDC patients were younger (40 ± 16 vs. 48 ± 13 years, P = 0.002), less symptomatic [New York Heart Association, (NYHA) III–IV: 8 vs. 28%, P = 0.006], had higher left ventricular ejection fraction (35 ± 10 vs. 30 ± 9%, P = 0.005) and were less intensively treated with evidence‐based drugs than the sporadic DCM patients. Survival free from heart transplant at 2, 5 and 10 years was 93, 91 and 82%, respectively, in NP‐FDC patients compared with 86, 76 and 62% in sporadic forms (P = 0.04). After stratification for NYHA classes, no difference in survival was observed between sporadic and NP‐FDC patients.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that family screening can effectively identify DCM patients at an earlier stage of disease and can improve survival. The possibility of changing the prognosis of DCM needs to be verified in patients intensively treated with tailored medical treatment. Family screening should be recommended for all DCM patients.
Standardizing blue ling landings per unit effort from industry haul-by-haul data using generalized additive models
Authors: Lorance Pascal , Pawlowski Lionel , Trenkel Verena M. 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Lorance, P., Pawlowski, L., and Trenkel, V. M. 2010. Standardizing blue ling landings per unit effort from industry haul-by-haul data using generalized additive models. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1650–1658. Haul-by-haul data derived from skippers' personal logbooks, from the French deep-water fishery to the west of the British Isles, were used to calculate standardized blue ling (Molva dypterygia) landings per unit effort (lpue) for the period 2000–2008. Lpue values were estimated using generalized additive models with depth, vessel, statistical rectangle, area, and year as explanatory variables. Because of their statistical distribution, landings were modelled by a Tweedie distribution, which allows datasets to contain many zeros. To investigate how to track stock trends reliably, lpue values were estimated in five areas for different subsets of the data. The subsets consisted of hauls during the spawning season (when blue ling aggregate), outside the spawning season, and hauls in which blue ling was only a bycatch. The results suggest that blue ling lpue values have been stable over the period 2000–2008, and that the declining trend previously observed for the stock has been halted. This finding is consistent with stable mean lengths in the landings during the same period. The study demonstrates the greater suitability of haul-by-haul data than EC logbook data for deriving abundance indices for deep-water stocks.
Role of Confocal Endomicroscopy in the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease
Authors: Venkatesh Krishnappa , Abou‐Taleb Ashraf , Cohen Marta , Evans Clair , Thomas Steven , Oliver Philip , Taylor Christopher , Thomson Mike 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and Aims:Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a recent development that enables surface and subsurface imaging of living cells in vivo at 1000× magnification. The aims of the present study were to define confocal features of celiac disease (CD) and to evaluate the usefulness of the CLE in the diagnosis of CD in children in comparison to histology.Patients and Methods:Nine patients (8 girls) with a median age of 8.35 years (range 2–12.66 years) and a median weight of 28.3 kg (range 11–71 kg) were suspected with CD and 10 matched controls underwent oesophagogastroduodenoscopy using the confocal laser endomicroscope (EC3870CILK; Pentax, Tokyo, Japan). Histologic sections were compared with the confocal images of the same site by 2 experienced paediatric histopathologists and endoscopists, all of whom were blinded to the diagnosis.Results:The median procedure time was 17 minutes (range 8–25 minutes). Confocal features of CD were defined and a score was developed. A total of 1384 confocal images were collected from 9 patients and 10 controls. Five images from each patient and control were selected and compared with the biopsy specimen of the same site. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value for the confocal images in comparison to the histology were 100%, 80%, and 81%. The kappa inter‐observer agreement between the 2 endoscopists was 0.769 (P = 0.018) and between the 2 histopathologists was 0.571 (P = 0.05).Conclusions:Confocal endomicroscopy offers the prospect of diagnosis of CD during ongoing endoscopy. It also enables targeting biopsies to abnormal mucosa and thereby increasing the diagnostic yield, especially when villous atrophy is patchy in the duodenum.
Laparoscopic Anterior Hemifundoplication Improves Key Symptoms Without Impact on GE in Children With and Children Without Neurodevelopmental Delays
Authors: Engelmann Carsten , Gritsa Stella , Gratz Klaus F , Ure Benno M 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTAim:We investigated the impact of laparoscopic anterior hemifundoplication on gastric emptying (GE) and specific symptoms in children with and children without neurodevelopmental delays gastroesophageal reflux. Scintigraphic and ultrasonographic GE measurements were correlated.Patients and Methods:Twenty‐six children (mean age 7 ± 6.1 years), of whom 14 were neurodevelopmentally delayed, were evaluated prospectively before 3 and 6 months after laparoscopic anterior hemifundoplication. All of the patients underwent clinical assessments, interviews, and 24‐hour pH monitoring. Key symptoms were evaluated using a 5‐point Likert scale. Gastric emptying was assessed by Tc‐99m‐DTPA‐scintigraphy and ultrasonography.Results:All of the children had significant catch‐up growth after fundoplication, which was more pronounced in the neurologically normal children (P < 0.05 vs impaired), in line with a decrease in the use of omeprazol (mean 0.93 ± 0.7 mg · kg−1 · day−1 before and 0.06 ± 0.18 mg · kg−1 · day−1 at 6 months after operation; P < 0.001). The 24‐hour pH monitoring normalized in all of the children, and the mean severity of the key symptoms such as vomiting, choking, and pain was significantly reduced (P < 0.001). Scintigraphic GE parameters, such as the elimination rate/minute, gastric half‐emptying time (t1/2), gastric residual activity (RA), and duration of the initial merging time, were not altered significantly by the operation (P > 0.05). Ultrasonographic evaluations confirmed these results [positive correlation with scintigraphy for t1/2 (P = 0.006) and RA (P = 0.01)]. The symptoms evolution and GE were uncorrelated (P > 0.01). There were no significant differences between children with and children without neurodevelopmental delays.Conclusions:Laparoscopic anterior hemifundoplication achieves an excellent symptomatic outcome without affecting GE in children with and children without neurodevelopmental delays.
Double‐balloon Enteroscopy: Pediatric Experience
Authors: Lin Tom K , Erdman Steven H 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:Double‐balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is a newly developed endoscopic modality for diagnosis and treatment of small bowel disorders. Most publications on DBE are from adult medical centers. Publication related to the use and application of DBE in children and adolescents is limited. We present our experience with the use of DBE in the pediatric age group.Patients and Methods:We reviewed patient information on all of the DBE procedures performed in 2006 through 2008 at a single tertiary pediatric referral center in Columbus, Ohio. Compiled information included patient demographics, procedure indications, diagnostic and therapeutic results, and procedure‐associated complications or adverse events.Results:Thirteen DBE procedures were performed on eleven 8‐ to 20‐year‐old patients. Procedure indications were based on suspicion for organic small bowel pathology after an exhaustive diagnostic evaluation including upper and lower endoscopy failed to uncover an etiology. Clinically significant lesions were identified in 46% (6/13) of the procedures performed. No serious procedure‐related complications occurred. Self‐limited postprocedure abdominal pain and discomfort from gaseous distension was observed in several patients.Conclusions:DBE appears to be a safe endoscopic modality for the diagnosis and treatment of children and adolescents with suspected small bowel disease. However, performance should be selectively reserved for patients with a high suspicion for small bowel pathology, in which other less invasive techniques have failed to adequately diagnose and treat a patient's disease.