bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_425A: Outcomes of Second Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy Among a cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS attending an ART Centre in Mangalore
Authors: Anand Nandita , Achappa Basavaprabhu , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Anand Rishit 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Anti-Retroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS has been effective, but the mortality rate remains to be high, resulting in the use of second line of ART treatment for better results.

Objectives:
1) To estimate the number of deaths among PLHIV between the years 2011 and 2017. 2) To assess the clinical immunological and virological outcomes among these patients. 3) To find out the association of outcomes with the socio demographic characteristics.

Methods:
In this record-based study, medical records of PLHIV seeking treatment from an ART center associated with KMC, Attavar. between the years 2011 and 2017 were reviewed. The data was extracted using a data extraction sheet consisting of sections on demographic, clinical and treatment details of the patient.

Results:
The baseline median CD4 count before starting ARTs was found to be 253 (IQR 150-351). After starting second line ARTs it was found to be 461 (IQR 326-651). The correlation of CD4 count after initiation of second line ART with viral load among 34 patients measured was found to be -0.371 (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
The study concludes that the outcomes of second line ARTs in the present study were found to be satisfactory. The average CD4 count after the initiation of ARTs was significantly high as compared to the CD4 count before the ARTs, implying that second line ARTs had a good, long-term and positive immunological outcome on PLHIV and attending a second-line ART clinic.
IJCM_426A: Use of Big Data for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) - A Review Paper.
Authors: Raina Ishaan , Rekha T 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The influence of AI and Big Data on the healthcare sector and health delivery systems provides a hopeful path to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by way of improved decision-making and operational efficiencies.

Methodology:
A review of existing literature was carried out to evaluate the current landscape of AI applications in healthcare and its potential implications for SDG achievement.

Results:
Big data is at the center of health transformation, which, combined with artificial intelligence and Internet of Things, enables real-time processing and analysis of huge datasets. Big data enhances customization in marketing, streamlines operations in manufacturing and redefines healthcare by means of precision medicine. Big data also helps to drive changes in society through better public policy choices and steps taken to ensure sustainable development. It is through its analytic power that big data can identify obscure patterns and insights which can lead to pioneering solutions and strategic growth.

Conclusion:
Applying big data and AI strategically plays a crucial role in advancing the sustainable development agenda. However, we must exercise responsibility when utilizing the power of data. It is important to enforce strict measures of protecting data so as to avoid its misuse and also empower underdeveloped regions with relevant tools and capabilities for efficient data management. This way proactive moves will make sure that all people benefit from the information revolution, and it helps to drive global progress on SDGs.
IJCM_43A: Status of sexual and reproductive health services among youths from a rural area of Madhya Pradesh: A mixed-method approach
Authors: Maheshwari Mukul , Dabar Deepti , Prasad Pankaj 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Warranting adequate sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among the youth population in India is challenging. While the Government has undertaken several measures to improve SRH services, gaps exist in terms of availability of these services at the health centre.

Objective:
To assess utilization of SRH services and explore the associated factors among youth population in rural area of Central India.

Methodology:
An explanatory sequential mixed method study was conducted which included collection and analysis of quantitative data pertaining to the utilization of SRH services from 236 youth (aged 15-24 years) selected through multistage cluster sampling. This was followed by 29 in-depth interviews conducted among the various stakeholders. Quantitative data was entered using MS Excel and analyzed using R v-4.1.0. The notes and audio recordings from the interviews were transcribed manually and thematic analysis was done.

Results:
Out of 236 youths, only 90 (38.1%) had ever availed SRH services, of whom 85.5% had visited the SRH clinic in the past 12 months. The most common reason to visit a government health facility was cited as a pregnancy test while in the case of private health facility the reasons were STD treatment, pregnancy tests, and abortions. Except the request for contraceptive services and adequate response to questions by clients, the services provided by the facilities were reported to be inadequate. Further exploration summarized the barriers and facilitators of the health care services under the themes of training, logistics, ARSH clinic, adolescent health days, and community awareness.

Conclusion:
Among the various influences of SRH, the healthcare system is a fundamental aspect; which seems to address inadequately the varied needs of the rural youth. Future efforts must focus on community awareness and involvement of all stakeholders to uplift SRH services, so as to have positive impact on their sexual health.
IJCM_50A: Mortality trends in Indian prisons and its associated risk factors: a time trend analysis from 2017-2021
Authors: Rath Abhishek , Pal Anjali 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The environmental health status of jail populations poses a significant public health threat for prisoners and the general population. The environment of jails provides a suitable foundation concerning morbidity and mortality of the general population due to the concentrated potential source of infectious diseases, difficult access to treatment for chronic health conditions, interruption in the continuity of care for serious behavioural health conditions, as well as on-going issues for the prevention and treatment of substance abuse disorders. Prisoners should receive a healthcare provision equivalent to people living in the community. Those rights, if fulfilled, will contribute to the process of social rehabilitation and will facilitate further reintegration into society on release.

Objective:
To analyze the mortality trends in Indian prisons from 2017-2021 and determine associated risk factors.

Methodology:
The various mortality statistics and associated risk factors were retrieved from the Prison Statistics of India report published annually by the National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs. A literature search was also done in electronic databases like -PubMed, Google Scholar, and other platforms using keywords- mortality in prisons, prison health, and death in Indian jails.

Results:
The obtained estimates identified an ascending trend in mortality in Indian prisons due to cardiovascular diseases, lung diseases, and suicide, accompanied by a rising trend in mental illnesses. Overcrowding, inadequate manpower for healthcare facilities, and poor budget allocation for prison health are some notable causes of rising mortality.

Conclusion:
The study’s findings revealed that prisoners, despite being a vulnerable section of the population, are deprived of adequate medical facilities due to restrictions imposed by law. Therefore, reducing overcrowding, recruiting adequate manpower for healthcare facilities and adequate budget allocation for prison health shall play an instrumental role in reducing the trend of mental illnesses and mortality in Indian prisons.
IJCM_55A: Harassment in public transport: A study to quantify the violence against women in Chennai district, Tamil Nadu.
Authors: Sushmitha G. , Umadevi R , Eashwar Anantha VM 
Published: April 2024

Background:
A vast majority of population is dependent on the public transport for their day to day transit. Women travelling by public transport amount to 84% in India. Sadly, during the course of their commute, people especially women are susceptible to verbal and physical harassment at the hands of their fellow travelers. Many do not report and such atrocities aren’t brought to the media.

Objectives:
1. To estimate the prevalence of harassment in public transportation in Chennai 2. To find out the association between harassment and socio demographic factors. 3. To find the coping strategies of victims after the harassment

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study, with a sample size of 270 includes women who are above 18 years. Data was collected from 5 randomly chosen public transportation facilities using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire which comprises of questions related to socio demographic profile, experiences of harassment and the victims behavior post the incident. Data analyzed using SPSS version 25

Results:
Out of 270 women who were interviewed, 57 (21.1%) said that they have faced at least one form of harassment, either Verbal or Physical out of which only 4 complained to the police. 172 (63.7%) women said that they have been stalked at least once. Majority said they were harassed while travelling in bus. On doing chi square, statistical significance was seen with a p value of <0.05 in people who said they felt insecure when traveling alone and who were stalked.

Conclusion:
Awareness about gender-based violence must be taught. Bystander awareness must be increased, so that they can come to aid of women when any harassment is taking place. Women must also be encouraged to complain to the authorities. Stricter laws has to be implemented.
IJCM_64A: Prevalence of anemia among school going adolescent girls in selected health blocks of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Ahmed Suhail , Gandhi Manoj K. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Iron deficiency is the primary cause of anemia among school going adolescent girls in India

Objective:
To find the prevalence of anemia among school going adolescent girls in selected health blocks of Himachal Pradesh

Methodology:
It was a community based cross-sectional study where 09 health blocks from 07 districts were selected randomly using probability proportionate to size criteria for selection of blocks. A total of 720 adolescent girls were enrolled for the study.

Results:
The mean age of the study subjects was 15.82±1.19 years. The prevalence of anemia observed was 31.6% and mean hemoglobin levels observed were 12.73±4.85 gm/dL

Conclusion:
We observed prevalence of anemia among school going adolescent girls as 31.6% which is lower than that reported in India. A way to reduce this burden of anemia among adolescent girls is WIFS which has reduced anemia prevalence among adolescent girls but still there is a long way to go
IJCM_71A: Adverse birth outcomes and its association with non-communicable diseases and behavioral risk factors among Indian women: a secondary analysis from National Family Health Survey- 5.
Authors: Basu Parama , Raghuveer Pracheth 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Pregnancy may be associated with several adverse outcomes. India, with its diverse population, presents a unique setting for studying the determinants of adverse birth outcomes.

Objectives:
Among women respondents of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5): 1. To estimate prevalence of adverse birth outcomes; 2. To determine association between adverse birth outcomes and various non- communicable diseases (NCDs), behavioral risk factors.

Methodology:
We have analyzed the latest available data from NFHS- 5 (2019-2021) gathered from Demographic Health Survey program with permission. Prevalence of adverse birth outcome was estimated using weighted prevalence. Binary logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and p-values < 0.005 were considered statistically significant.

Results:
Data pertaining to 2,02,798 respondents were analyzed. The mean (SD) age was 27.56 (±5.255) years. Prevalence of adverse birth outcome was 80318 (39.6%). Among the adverse birth outcomes, low birth weight (28,605, 17.7%) was more common followed by preterm birth (23,532, 12.3%). NCDs like anemia (AOR- 1.023; 95%CI- 1.004-1.042; p=0.019), hypertension (AOR- 1.059; 95%CI- 1.024-1.095; p<0.001), heart disease (AOR- 1.464; 95%CI- 1.285-1.668; p=0.00), thyroid disease (AOR- 1.258; 95%CI- 1.187-1.332; p<0.001), tobacco usage (AOR- 1.152; CI- 1.095-1.211; p<0.001) were significantly associated with presence of any adverse birth outcomes.

Conclusion:
From this secondary data analyzed from NFHS-5, prevalence of adverse birth outcome is high among Indian women aged 15-49 years. Several factors significantly associated with adverse birth outcomes were determined. Findings from this analysis may have implications concerning pregnant women with NCDs and behavioral risk factors.
IJCM_85A: Prevalence of unmet need for contraception among married women aged 15-49 years in urban and rural areas of Telangana.
Authors: Stefi M S , Darivemula Surendra Babu , Tondare Devidas P 
Published: April 2024

Background:
As reported by NFHS 5, over seventy percent of presently married women aged 15-49 have a demand for family planning. Women encounter a multitude of obstacles when it comes to accessing and adopting contraception, including limited knowledge, social disapproval, and inadequate availability of family planning resources.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of unmet need for contraception and factors affecting contraceptive behaviour among reproductive age group women aged 15-49 years living in urban and rural areas of Telangana.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban and rural areas of Telangana among 306 reproductive age group women aged 15-49 years. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and chi-square test was used to assess the significance.

Results:
The unmet need for contraception was found to be 18.6%, and it was significantly higher in urban than in rural (24.2% and 13.1% respectively). Spacing need was 6.2% and limiting need was 12.4%, significantly higher among urban (17%) than in rural (7.8%). Occupation of the correspondent was found to be significantly associated with an unmet need for contraception.

Conclusion:
A high unmet need for contraception was observed among women in Telangana, highlighting the existence of a knowledge-action gap in promoting positive attitudes and behaviours toward contraception. Further research is necessary to explore the underlying factors contributing to the rising unmet need and training of frontline healthcare workers to raise awareness about family planning methods and address associated stigmas.
IJCM_93A: Anthropometric profile of under five children attending Pediatric at rural health training centre in Aligarh (U.P.)
Authors: Bilal Mohammad , Abedi Ali Jafer , Nawab Tabassum , Eram Uzma , Mehnaz Saira , Hashmi Syed Sohaib 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Child undernutrition is a global health concern. Malnutrition continues to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing countries like India. As per the NFHS-V, the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight in under-five children stands at 35.5%, 19.3% and 32.1% respectively. Anthropometry has become a practical tool for evaluating the nutritional status of populations, particularly of children in developing countries & the nutritional status is the best indicator of global well-being of children.

Objective:
To describe the anthropometric profile and assess malnutrition using anthropometric measurements of under-five children attending pediatric OPD at Rural Health Training Centre (RHTC), Jawan under Department of Community Medicine, JNMCH, A.M.U., Aligarh (U.P.).

Methodology:
This is a retrospective study with secondary analysis of anthropometric data of 255 under five children attending pediatric clinic for the first time at RHTC, Jawan, under Department of Community Medicine from January 1, 2023, to June 30, 2023. Collected data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed by using the software SPSS, version 20.0.

Results:
The median age of the children was 24 months. 52.2% of them were boys and 47.8% were girls. Severe wasting (weight-for-height<-3SD) and severe stunting (height-for-age<-3SD) was present in 4.3% and 10.2% of all children respectively and there was no significant difference among different age groups. Prevalence of underweight and stunting was highest in children less than 6 months.

Conclusion:
Undernutrition is common in under-five children and 10.2% of children had severe wasting. In order to prevent severe forms of undernutrition health education to caregivers on various forms of undernutrition is crucial. IEC activities and health education regarding infant and young child feeding (IYCF) should be strengthened, especially to caregivers of children less than 6 months.
ZNT1 Regulates the Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of HaCaT Cells Infected with HPV Through the PI3K/Akt Pathway
Authors: Jiang Liwei , Yi Qian , Sun Zhizhong , Lin Yasi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Condyloma acuminatum (CA), which is a highly contagious sexually transmitted illness generated by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is characterized by abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes resulting in verrucous lesions. Although solute carrier family 30 member 1 (ZNT1) is highly expressed in CA tissues, the function of ZNT1 in CA remains unclear.

Methods:
HPV transfection was performed in HaCaT to simulate the CA pathological environment. The mRNA and protein levels were monitored using RT-qPCR and immunoblotting. Cell viability was found using the MTT test. Cell invasion and migration were probed using the transwell and wound healing.

Results:
ZNT1 expression was up-regulated in CA tissues, and HPV transfection increased the expression of ZNT1. Overexpression of ZNT1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of Human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) transfected with HPV. Meanwhile, ZNT1 knockdown repressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of HaCaT that HPV transfected. Further research displayed that ZNT1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of HaCaT transfected with HPV through the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Conclusion:
Our research confirmed that ZNT1 regulated the proliferation, migration and invasion of HaCaT transfected with HPV through the PI3K/Akt pathway, providing a new target for the effective remedy of CA.
Clinical Profile of Patients with Lichenoid Drug Eruption: A Observational Study
Authors: Bhanja Dibyendu B. , Sil Abheek , Maiti Arunasis , Biswas Surajit K. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Lichenoid drug eruption (LDE) is an uncommon cutaneous adverse drug reaction, where a variety of drugs used in day-to-day clinical practice have been implicated.

Objective:
To describe the clinico-demographic characteristics of patients with LDE and to identify the most likely drugs involved.

Methods:
In this prospective, observational study, consecutive patients with LDE presenting to the dermatology department of a tertiary teaching hospital were included. The clinico-demographic profile of patients with LDE and implicated drugs was noted. Treatment of drug reaction along with outcome was also documented. Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale was used for causality assessment of the drug reactions. A thorough literature review on LDE was also undertaken due to the paucity of existing literature.

Results:
A total of 15 patients (11 males and 4 females) with LDE were evaluated. Their age ranged from 37 to 61 years, with a mean of 51.53 ± 7.59 years. Anti-hypertensive medications (40%) were the most common culprit agent, followed by antitubercular drugs (33.4%), anti-diabetic agents (13.3%), and others (13.3%). The latent period (time from drug initiation to the appearance of a cutaneous eruption) varied from 15 days to 6 months (mean 2.2 months). Cutaneous involvement was generalized in 73.4% and photo-distributed lesions in 26.6%. Drug provocation test was done to identify the culprit drug. According to the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale, one-third of LDEs were “definite,” whereas two-thirds were designated as “probable.”

Conclusion:
LDE is more common in the elderly population. The latent period is comparatively longer in LDE than in other common drug reactions. Prompt recognition and withdrawal of suspected drug are essential to minimize disease morbidity.
A Study to Assess the Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Bilateral Erector Spinae Plane Block for Total Abdominal Hysterectomy under Spinal Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Control Study
Authors: Yadav Ratan Lal , Patodi Veena , Ampragundi Suneel Ganganna , Jain Kavita , Khare Arvind , Mathur Veena 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Postoperative discomfort after a total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) is severe. The Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is the latest addition to the multimodal pain management regimen, providing both visceral and somatic analgesia.

Aim:
The aim of this study was assessed the postoperative analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided bilateral ESPB for TAH.

Materials and Methods:
70 female patients aged 40 to 60 years, American society of anaesthesiology (ASA) physical status class I and II posted for TAH were enrolled. Group ESPB+SA(n=35) received bilateral ESPB using 0.25% ropivacaine hydrochloride 15ml with 0.5µ/kg dexmedetomidine on each side before spinal anaesthesia, while group SA (n=35) received only spinal anaesthesia. Postoperative follow-up for 24 hours.Statistical analysis used: Independent-samples student t-test.

Results:
The total dose of tramadol injection consumed in the first 24 hours postoperatively in group ESPB+SA was significantly low (110.34mg) as compared to group SA (334.29mg) (P < 0.001). Time for first rescue analgesia was prolonged significantly in group ESPB+SA while it was very short in Group SA(P < 0.001). Postoperatively the mean modified defense and veterans pain rating scale (DVPRS) for pain was lower in group ESPB+SA than in group SA, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Similarly, scores for other modified DVPRS components, such as sleep, activity, mood and stress were lower in the ESPB+SA group.

Conclusions:
Bilateral ultrasound-guided ESPB prior to spinal anaesthesia offers effective and prolonged postoperative analgesia, with significantly lower postoperative tramadol use and a higher satisfaction score in patients undergoing TAH under spinal anaesthesia.