bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a refractory metal protective barrier on uranium carbonitride ceramic–metallic composites exposed to a high temperature hydrogen environment
Authors: Taylor Brian , Cröll Arne , Williams Jamelle K. P. , Rosales Jhonathan , Wilkerson Ryan , Volz Martin , Reynolds Jason 
Published: February 2025

Uranium nitride has been under consideration at NASA and the Department of Energy for nuclear thermal propulsion applications intended for deep space exploration vehicles. It is critical to the success of the technology development that the behavior of the fuel system is properly characterized in operational environments. This body of work fabricated ceramic metal composites consisting of uranium ceramic fuel in a molybdenum and molybdenum–tungsten metal matrix, both with and without an exterior molybdenum barrier. Specimens were introduced to a high temperature hydrogen environment and characterized through x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy to identify characteristic changes. A portion of the specimens was fabricated with a 1.27 mm thick molybdenum barrier in order to isolate the material from the hydrogen environment. Instability of the uranium nitride occurred as low as 2073 K, leading to aggressive instability approaching 2658 K. Carbon reactions with the metal matrix were observed as well as alloying between the uranium and metal matrix constituents. The liquid uranium resulting from the instability of the uranium nitride was observed to attack the grain boundaries of the refractory metal, resulting in the formation of a liquid uranium molybdenum eutectic melt. Specimens encased in a barrier experienced similar results. The authors conclude this is a significant challenge to applications of this cermet at these temperatures. Alternate configurations with resilient hermetic seals or lower temperature applications such as power reactors may have more success.
Globally hyperbolic evaporating black hole and the information loss issue
Authors: Pêgas Juan V O , Landulfo André G S , Matsas George E A , Vanzella Daniel A T 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We discuss the information loss issue for completely evaporating black holes in the context of a globally hyperbolic spacetime that maintains unchanged the entire semiclassical picture except for the ‘last evaporation breath,’ which pertains to full quantum gravity. Even though observers outside the black hole cannot access information that enters the horizon, there is no actual loss of information imposed by the spacetime causal structure since it is carried over from one Cauchy surface to the next (provided the local evolution is unitary).
Disclosing the catalog pulsars dominating the Galactic positron flux
Authors: Orusa Luca , Manconi Silvia , Donato Fiorenza , Mauro Mattia Di 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The cosmic-ray flux of positrons is measured with high precision by the space-borne particle spectrometer AMS-02. The hypothesis that pulsars and their nebulae can significantly contribute to the excess of the AMS-02 positron flux has been consolidated after the observation of a γ-ray emission at GeV and TeV energies of a few degree size around a few sources, that provide indirect evidence that electron and positron pairs are accelerated to very high energies from these sources.

By modeling the emission from pulsars in the ATNF catalog, we find that combinations of positron emission from cataloged pulsars and secondary production can fit the observed AMS-02 data. Our results show that a small number of nearby, middle-aged pulsars, particularly B1055-52, Geminga (J0633+1746), and Monogem (B0656+14), dominate the positron emission, contributing up to 80% of the flux at energies above 100 GeV. From the fit to the data, we obtain a list of the most important sources for which we recommend multi-wavelength follow-up observations, particularly in the γ-ray and X-ray bands, to further constrain the injection and diffusion properties of positrons.
The vela supernova remnant: The unique morphological features of jittering jets
Authors: Soker Noam , Shishkin Dmitry 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We identify an S-shaped main-jet axis in the Vela core-collapse supernova (CCSN) remnant (CCSNR) that we attribute to a pair of precessing jets, one of the tens of pairs of jets that exploded the progenitor of Vela according to the jittering jets explosion mechanism (JJEM). A main-jet axis is a symmetry axis across the CCSNR and through the center. We identify the S-shaped main-jet axis by the high abundance of ejecta elements, oxygen, neon, and magnesium. We bring the number of identified pairs of clumps and ears in Vela to seven, two pairs shaped by the pair of precessing jets that formed the main-jet axis. The pairs and the main-jet axis form the point-symmetric wind-rose structure of Vela. The other five pairs of clumps/ears do not have signatures near the center, only on two opposite sides of the CCSNR. We discuss different possible jet-less shaping mechanisms to form such a point-symmetric morphology and dismiss these processes because they cannot explain the point-symmetric morphology of Vela, the S-shaped high ejecta abundance pattern, and the enormous energy to shape the S-shaped structure. Our findings strongly support the JJEM and further severely challenge the neutrino-driven explosion mechanism.
A novel liquid argon purity monitor based on 207Bi
Authors: Baibussinov B. , Bettini M. , Fabris F. , Gan R. , Guglielmi A. , Gurung G. , Marchini S. , Meng G. , Nicoletto M. , Pietropaolo F. , Pons X. , Rampazzo G. , Triozzi R. , Varanini F. , Voirin B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A novel liquid argon purity monitor based on a 207Bi
radioactive source, emitting monochromatic internal-conversion
electrons, is presented. This new monitor allows for a very precise
and fast measurement of the electronegative impurities concentration
in liquid argon. It can be operated continuously in liquid argon TPC
experiments without interfering with the main detector operation.
Different drift lengths can be assembled for the proposed device, to
assess a large range of liquid argon purities while minimizing
systematic uncertainties. Two prototypes have been built and
successfully operated in dedicated test stands. The results and
performance are reported.
Deformations in spinor bundles: Lorentz violation and further physical implications
Authors: Hoff da Silva J M , Cavalcanti R T , Caires da Rocha G M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper delves into the deformation of spinor structures within nontrivial topologies and their physical implications. The deformation is modeled by introducing real functions that modify the standard spinor dynamics, leading to distinct physical regions characterized by varying degrees of Lorentz symmetry violation. It allows us to investigate the effects in the dynamical equation and a geometrized nonlinear sigma model. The findings suggest significant implications for the spinor fields in regions with nontrivial topologies, providing a robust mathematical approach to studying exotic spinor behavior.
A bibliometric analysis of wildlife governance in relation to African elephant conservation and community participation
Authors: Mundoga Tanyaradzwa , Musakwa Walter , Chanza Nelson 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Discussions surrounding wildlife governance are lacking in critical engagement concerning the impact of different tiers of governance on elephant conservation and community participation. Although most studies acknowledge that local-level wildlife governance is impacted by higher levels of governance, few have endeavored to analyze the nature and impact of this interface. This study conducted a comprehensive literature review to investigate how studies have addressed this complex subject matter. The study aims to determine how wildlife governance scholarship considers global multilateralism, particularly CITES decisions, and their impact on elephant conservation and community participation. A bibliometric analysis was performed using data from online databases and visualization software. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) were then used as a protocol to select relevant literature from the larger database for content analysis. The findings suggest that, while wildlife governance is a globally documented and acceptable concept, research on the impact of environmental multilateralism, especially CITES, on African elephant conservation and community participation is very limited. Existing studies mainly focus on approaches to elephant and broader wildlife conservation, protected area management, sustainable development, governance approaches, approaches to community participation, CITES, and wildlife trade. There is an identified dearth in the available literature on how the participation of communities living with wildlife, in particular, the African elephant is affected by higher governance structures such as Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs). These findings provide valuable insights for future research trends, highlighting opportunities for building research partnerships and strengthening engagements at all levels of wildlife governance, policy generation, and community participation.
Introduction
Authors: Weaver Erica 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Because distraction and numbness are now too often and easily diagnosed as decidedly modern maladies, this extended Introduction offers a deep history. It uncovers influential frameworks from the Desert Fathers to the early Middle Ages and reveals why this archive is so helpful for theorists of attention and medievalists alike, while clarifying the central terms and assumptions for the chapters to follow. As I show, distraction was a longstanding problem for monks and nuns, and anxieties about inattentive minds were present from the beginnings of monasticism itself, with figures like John Cassian, Evagrius of Pontus, and the Venerable Bede theorizing distraction, attention, and reading in influential ways as they sought lives of perfect, continual prayer.
Chanting Lips and Wandering Minds
Authors: Weaver Erica 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter cuts to the heart of monastic life to tease out the particular problem posed by the Psalms in my larger framework of distracted devotional reading. Drawing together saints’ lives, autobiographical notes, and regulatory texts like The Rule of St. Benedict and Regularis concordia, I first demonstrate that psalmody required focused attention but proved troublingly prone to distraction, in part because the Psalms were so central and thus so well known. With the Royal and Lambeth Psalters serving as case studies, I then argue that tenth-century monastic reformers developed a defamiliarizing glossing technique in order to re-enliven the Psalms and thus to resist their tendency to become overly familiar. Finally, I situate the resulting “hermeneutic English” of the Winchester Vocabulary within the particular language politics of the Benedictine movement. As I demonstrate, in order to inculcate responsible and responsive reading, the reformers first had to create a prestige style that would resist quick and careless perusal.
Living in enigmate
Authors: Weaver Erica 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
My second chapter delves further into the demands of difficulty and defamiliarization, arguing that, to preempt distracted reading, Æthelwold devoted enormous energy to promoting the study of the Enigmata (‘mysteries’ or ‘riddles’) of the seventh-century poet aldhelm of Malmesbury. Inspired by these mysteries, Æthelwold experimented further with “hermeneutic English.” He also cultivated the highly stylized and enigmatic “hermeneutic Latin” that would dominate every major monastic center in England by the end of the century. The result was to defamiliarize well-known texts and elicit heightened concentration, just as Aldhelm’s riddles unsettle readerly expectations. After analyzing the hermeneutic potential of Aldhelm’s Enigmata, I contend that together, hermeneutic English and Latin cultivated attentive reading through intentional difficulty.
Concentrated Poems
Authors: Weaver Erica 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Whereas my opening two chapters attend to the communal and institutional uses of the hermeneutic style, my third looks to its utility for private meditation and prayer. To show how several poems respond to the pressures of attention and distraction, I take up the influential Continental reformer Odo of Cluny’s Occupatio. Odo’s preoccupying poetics helps to explain a marked shift in late Old English poetic conventions—to what has been deemed “late Old English” poetry by Thomas Bredehoft and the “Southern mode” by Emily Thornbury. These tenth- and eleventh-century experiments with formal gamesmanship, intentional difficulty, and confrontational poetics in poems such as Solomon and Saturn I and The Menologium further moved the center of Old English poetic production from the mead hall to the study. With their defamiliarizing and highly ornamented language, these poems became vehicles of meditation, reflection, and knowledge production—as well as of what would later come to be called affective piety.
Lessons in Distraction
Authors: Weaver Erica 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Together, my first three chapters explore how and why distraction affected advanced readers for whom overfamiliarity could prove defeating. My fourth chapter pivots to demonstrate that distraction threatened very beginning readers as well. Moreover, it could actually be surprisingly useful. Reading elementary Latin colloquies and handbooks by Ælfric of Eynsham, Ælfric Bata, and Byrhtferth of Ramsey, I argue that, confronted with distraction as an incessant threat to devotional life, these early medieval schoolmasters reflected on the problem by composing self-conscious scripts of distraction, which their students were required to memorize and perform. They thereby strove to cultivate classroom and liturgical spaces in which students were “distracted from distraction by distraction.” These schoolroom texts, perhaps unsurprisingly, offer an exceptionally rich body of texts concerned with combatting inattention, and they demonstrate that attentive aesthetics were mobilized not only for elite, in-group projects geared toward the most senior officials but also for initiating new readers into the fold.
Mechanisms and treatment of obesity-related hypertension: Part 2. Treatments
Authors: Parvanova Aneliya , Abbate Manuela , Reseghetti Elia , Ruggenenti Piero 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hypertension is a frequent comorbidity of obesity that significantly and independently increases the risk of cardiovascular and renal events. Obesity-related hypertension is a major challenge to the healthcare system because of the rapid increase in obesity prevalence world-wide. However, its treatment is still not specifically addressed by current guidelines. Weight loss (WL) per se reduces blood pressure (BP) and increases patient responsiveness to BP-lowering medications. Thus, a weight-centric approach is essential for the treatment of obesity-related hypertension.
Diet and physical activity are key components of lifestyle interventions for obesity-related hypertension, but, in real life, their efficacy is limited by poor long-term patient adherence and frequently require pharmacotherapy implementation to achieve target BP. In this context, first-generation anti-obesity drugs like orlistat, phentermine/topiramate and naltrexone/bupropion are poorly effective, whereas second-generation incretin agonists, including the GLP-1 receptor agonists liraglutide and semaglutide, and in particular the dual GLP-1/GIP co-agonist tirzepatide, substantially contribute to effective WL and BP control in obesity. SGLT2 inhibitors are weak body weight and BP-lowering medications, but clearly synergize the benefits of these medications. Bariatric surgery remains the gold standard treatment for severe ‘pathological’ obesity and related life-threatening complications. Renal denervation is a valuable rescue treatment for drug-resistant hypertension, commonly related to obesity.
Integrating a multifaceted weight-based approach with other strategies, like antihypertensive drugs and renal denervation, could specifically target the main neuro-hormonal and renal pathophysiological mechanisms of obesity-related hypertension, including sympathetic-nervous and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems overactivity, salt retention and volume expansion. This comprehensive strategy can provide a personalized algorithm for managing hypertension in obesity within the context of ‘precision medicine’ principles.
Adverse maternal outcomes after vaginal versus caesarean delivery in women with Crohn’s disease and prior perianal surgery: A population-based study
Authors: Zhang Xiaocen , Nørgård Bente Mertz , Garvik Olav Sivertsen , Nielsen Jan , Andersen Mette Louise , Friedman Sonia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
For pregnant women with perianal Crohn’s disease (CD), major guidelines recommend delivery by caesarean section (c-section) for active disease, and that delivery mode be governed by obstetric indications for women with inactive disease. However, a significant grey zone exists between active vs. inactive disease, such as for women who had a history of prior perianal surgery. We examined adverse maternal outcomes of vaginal delivery vs. c-section in women with perianal CD and prior perianal surgeries.

Methods
We used the Danish national registries to collect information on singleton live births from 1997 through 2022 by mothers with CD and previous perianal surgery. Adverse postpartum maternal outcomes included new perianal or intestinal surgery within 12 months, hospital diagnosed infection or outpatient antibiotic prescription within 6 months, and major haemorrhage within 3 days. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated in logistic regression models.

Results
There were 704 deliveries by women with CD and prior perianal surgery, including 245 vaginal deliveries (34.8%) and 459 c-sections (65.2%). Women who delivered vaginally versus by c-section had less new perianal surgery (aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.24-0.93) and no significant differences in intestinal CD surgery (aOR 0.87, 95% CI 0.43-1.75), hospital diagnosed infection (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.18-1.38), outpatient antibiotic prescription (aOR 0.92, 95% CI 0.65-1.28) or major hemorrhage (aOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.39-1.59).

Conclusions
Vaginal delivery was not associated with increased important adverse maternal outcomes in mothers with CD and prior perianal surgery.
Highlights of the Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2024 Conference: the first joint European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology, and Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance conference
Authors: Stojanovska Jadranka , Nijveldt Robin , Ordovas Karen , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn , Seiberlich Nicole , Prieto Claudia , Ojha Vineeta , Hanneman Kate , Lawton Benny , Hughes Marina , Ferreira Vanessa , Grizzard John , Natale Luigi , Kim Daniel , Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara , Petersen Steffen , Treibel Thomas A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2024 Conference (CMR2024) convened in London, UK, from 24 to 26 January 2024 and brought together 2705 learners and renowned cardiac imaging professionals to discuss and learn about the latest advancements. Organized by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), in collaboration with the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR), CMR2024 was the largest international cardiac magnetic resonance conference to date. This conference underscored the collaboration between cardiologists, radiologists, scientists, and technologists by bringing together three major societies—SCMR, EACVI, and ESCR. Innovative session formats like ‘Shark Tank’ and ‘Workflow, Innovations & Patients’ facilitated expert opinion and practical experiences sharing in a ‘TED-talk style’. With over 1168 abstract submissions and 75% acceptance rate, the programme featured multiple Early Career Award sessions, oral scientific sessions, oral case sessions, and rapid-fire sessions, all categorized by topic. Highlights included patient- and physician-centred imaging sessions, sharing referring physicians’ and patients’ insights of incremental value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in patient’s management. The programme offered invited lectures in eight parallel tracks with three plenary and two keynote speakers. In addition, the interactive workshops and panel discussions provided a platform for knowledge exchange, support, and collaboration. A great emphasis was placed on collaboration between radiologists, cardiologists, scientists, and technologists, showcasing an ideal cardiac imaging marriage as a model for enhanced patient care around the globe. The event also featured exhibitions of the latest CMR technology and software, offering attendees a glimpse into the future cardiac imaging. CMR2024 emerged as a remarkable scientific, educational, and networking event, inspiring attendees to learn and collaborate within the global CMR community.
MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN BONE DENSITY METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH OPIOID USE DISORDER UNDER METHADONE MAINTENANCE TREATMENT
Authors: Hsu *Wenyu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Recent studies have also shown that mitochondrial function and oxidative stress might play important roles in bone metabolism. Whether patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) experienced a decrease in bone density and an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures through this mechanism is still unknown. Therefore, we examined the mitochondrial function between health control subjects the OUD patients under methadone maintenance treatment.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study. Patients with OUD receiving methadone maintenance treatment in Changhua Christian Hospital in Taiwan were recruited. We compared the difference between patients with OUD and without OUD in Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, oxidative modification of mtDNA index(mtDNA(DeltaCT)), and 8-hydroxy-2&#39;-deoxyguanosine.

Results
Finally, 29 patients from MMT were allocated in opioid group. 37 health control subjects were allocated in control group. Patients in opioid group had significantly lower mtDNA than those in control group. Besides, patients in opioid group also had significantly lower DeltaCT and 8-hydroxy-2’ -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) than those in control group.

Conclusions
Mitochondrial dysfunction was found in patients with OUD in our study. The precise role of mitochondrial dysfunction in bone density metabolism in this population should be further investigated.