bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of reaeration‐rate coefficient by modified tracer gas technique
Authors: Soares Pétrick Anderson , Faht Guilherme , Pinheiro Adilson , da Silva Marcos Rivail , Zucco Evelyn 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe modified tracer gas technique is used to determine the reaeration coefficient in six different water bodies of the Itajaí River basin, three with rural land use and three in urban areas. Propane was used as the tracer gas and Rhodamine WT as the conservative tracer, providing information on dilution, mixing and dispersion. Liquefied petroleum gas was used instead of high purity propane, aimed at reducing the costs associated with the field trials. Reaeration‐rate coefficients observed in the field ranged from 25.8 to 367.7 d−1. Two data sets could be observed where smaller streams had substantially larger coefficients of between 133.1 and 367.7 d−1, while the larger streams had values ​​ranging from 25.8 to 54.5 d−1. Five empirical equations were evaluated by comparing the values ​​obtained in the field. The equations proposed by Tsivolgou and Wallace and Tsivoglou and Neal showed greater adherence to the values ​​determined in the tests. Reaeration‐rate coefficients obtained in the field were correlated with the hydrodynamic characteristics of the watercourses, thus establishing a mathematical function through which to obtain estimates for future evaluations. The R2 value obtained using this equation was 0.959, indicating a high correlation between the calculated values ​​and those estimated in the field. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incorporating accumulated temperature and algorithm of snow cover calculation into the snowmelt runoff model
Authors: Yu Meiyan , Chen Xi , Li Lanhai , Bao Anming , de la Paix Mupenzi Jean 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAn accurate simulation of snowmelt runoff is of much importance in arid alpine regions. Data availability is usually an obstacle to use energy‐based snowmelt models for the snowmelt runoff simulation, and temperature‐based snowmelt models are more appealing in these regions. The snow runoff model is very popular nowadays, especially in the data sparse regions, because only temperature, precipitation and snow cover data are required for inputs to the model. However, this model uses average temperature as index, which cannot reflect the snowmelt simulation in the high altitude band. In this study, the snow runoff model is modified on the basis of accumulated active temperature. Snow cover calculation algorithm is added and is no longer needed as input but output. This makes the model able to simulate long‐time runoff and long‐time snow cover variation in every band. An examination of the improved model in the Manas River basin showed that the model is effective. It can reproduce the behaviour of the hydrology and can reflect the actual snow cover fluctuation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficiency verification of a horizontal flow barrier via flowmeter tests and multilevel sampling
Authors: Mastrocicco M. , Sbarbati C. , Colombani N. , Petitta M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe remediation strategy for an industrial site located in a coastal area involves a pump and treat system and a horizontal flow barrier (HFB) penetrating the main aquifer. To validate the groundwater flow conceptual model and to verify the efficiency of the remediation systems, we carried out piezometric measurements, slug tests, pumping tests, flowmeter tests and multilevel sampling. Flowmeter tests are used to infer vertical groundwater flow directions, and base exchange index is used to infer horizontal flow directions at a metric scale. The selected wells are located both upstream and downstream of the HFB. The installation of the HFB produced constraints to the groundwater flow. A stagnant zone of contaminated freshwater floating over the salt wedge in the upper portion of the aquifer is detected downstream of the HFB. This study confirms that the adopted remediation system is efficiently working in the area upstream of the HFB and even downstream in the bottom part of the aquifer. At the same time, it has also confirmed that hot spots are still present in stagnant zones located downstream of the HFB in the upper part of the aquifer, requiring a different approach to accomplish remediation targets. The integrated approach for flow quantification used in this study allows to discriminate the direction and the magnitude of groundwater fluxes near an HFB in a coastal aquifer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of SNODAS snow depth and snow water equivalent estimates for the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA
Authors: Clow David W. , Nanus Leora , Verdin Kristine L. , Schmidt Jeffrey 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe National Weather Service's Snow Data Assimilation (SNODAS) program provides daily, gridded estimates of snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), and related snow parameters at a 1‐km2 resolution for the conterminous USA. In this study, SNODAS snow depth and SWE estimates were compared with independent, ground‐based snow survey data in the Colorado Rocky Mountains to assess SNODAS accuracy at the 1‐km2 scale. Accuracy also was evaluated at the basin scale by comparing SNODAS model output to snowmelt runoff in 31 headwater basins with US Geological Survey stream gauges. Results from the snow surveys indicated that SNODAS performed well in forested areas, explaining 72% of the variance in snow depths and 77% of the variance in SWE. However, SNODAS showed poor agreement with measurements in alpine areas, explaining 16% of the variance in snow depth and 30% of the variance in SWE. At the basin scale, snowmelt runoff was moderately correlated (R2 = 0.52) with SNODAS model estimates. A simple method for adjusting SNODAS SWE estimates in alpine areas was developed that uses relations between prevailing wind direction, terrain, and vegetation to account for wind redistribution of snow in alpine terrain. The adjustments substantially improved agreement between measurements and SNODAS estimates, with the R2 of measured SWE values against SNODAS SWE estimates increasing from 0.42 to 0.63 and the root mean square error decreasing from 12 to 6 cm. Results from this study indicate that SNODAS can provide reliable data for input to moderate‐scale to large‐scale hydrologic models, which are essential for creating accurate runoff forecasts. Refinement of SNODAS SWE estimates for alpine areas to account for wind redistribution of snow could further improve model performance. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Is estrogen plus progestin menopausal hormone therapy safe with respect to endometrial cancer risk?
Authors: Trabert Britton , Wentzensen Nicolas , Yang Hannah P. , Sherman Mark E. , Hollenbeck Albert R. , Park Yikyung , Brinton Louise A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGiven the strong link between use of unopposed estrogens and development of endometrial cancers, estrogens are usually prescribed with a progestin, particularly for women with intact uteri. Some studies suggest that sequential use of progestins may increase risk; however, the moderating effects of usage patterns or patient characteristics, including body mass index (BMI), are unknown. We evaluated menopausal hormone use and incident endometrial cancer (n = 885) in 68,419 postmenopausal women with intact uteri enrolled in the National Institutes of Health‐American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health study. Participants completed a risk factor questionnaire in 1996–1997 and were followed up through 2006. Hazard rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression. Among 19,131 women reporting exclusive estrogen plus progestin use, 176 developed endometrial cancer (RR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.74–1.06). Long‐duration (≥10 years) sequential (<15 days progestin per month) estrogen plus progestin use was positively associated with risk (RR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.36–2.60], whereas continuous (>25 days progestin per month) estrogen plus progestin use was associated with a decreased risk (RR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.49–0.83). Increased risk for sequential estrogen plus progestin was seen only among thin‐to‐normal weight women (BMI < 25 kg/m2; RR = 2.53). Our findings support that specific categories of estrogen plus progestin use increases endometrial cancer risk, specifically long durations of sequential progestins, whereas decreased endometrial cancer risk was observed for users of short‐duration continuous progestins. Risks were highest among thin‐to‐normal weight women, presumably reflecting their lower endogenous estrogen levels, suggesting that menopausal hormones and obesity increase endometrial cancer through common etiologic pathways.
The Src SH2 domain interacts dynamically with the focal adhesion kinase binding site as demonstrated by paramagnetic nmr spectroscopy
Authors: Lindfors Hanna E. , Drijfhout Jan Wouter , Ubbink Marcellus 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe interaction between the tyrosine kinases Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a key step in signaling processes from focal adhesions. The phosphorylated tyrosine residue 397 in FAK is able to bind the Src SH2 domain. To establish the extent of the FAK binding motif, the binding affinity of the SH2 domain for phosphorylated and unphosphorylated FAK‐derived peptides of increasing length was determined and compared with that of the internal Src SH2 binding site. It is shown that the FAK peptides have higher affinity than the internal binding site and that seven negative residues adjacent to the core SH2 binding motif increase the binding constant 30‐fold. A rigid spin‐label incorporated in the FAK peptides was used to establish on the basis of paramagnetic relaxation enhancement whether the peptide–protein complex is well defined. A large spread of the paramagnetic effects on the surface of the SH2 domain suggests that the peptide–protein complex exhibits dynamics, despite the high affinity of the peptide. The strong electrostatic interaction between the positive side of the SH2 domain and the negative peptide results in a high affinity but may also favor a dynamic interaction. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2012
Using Art to Assess Reading Comprehension and Critical Thinking in Adolescents
Authors: Holdren Tara Shoemaker 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn the current testing environment, high school reading teachers may often rely on a multiple‐choice assessment as the best practice. This study suggests that a visual arts assessment of reading comprehension can rigorously measure critical thinking. This action research study follows 21 high school juniors through the selection, creation, and presentation of visual arts projects specifically crafted to record and assess the skills of analysis and synthesis of information in literature. Anecdotal data was videotaped and manually documented by the researcher, and the research concluded with a focus group discussion to solicit students' feedback on the process. Project rubric criteria and students' explanations of their decision‐making process proved essential to maintaining rigorous intellectual involvement. Educators delivering differentiated instruction could benefit from this alternative way of assessing comprehension skills and soliciting higher level thinking. Demonstrating comprehension through art, students experience increased engagement with the subject matter and develop essential cognitive skills.
Bidialectal African American Adolescents' Beliefs About Spoken Language Expectations in English Classrooms
Authors: Godley Amanda , Escher Allison 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article describes the perspectives of bidialectal African American adolescents—adolescents who speak both African American Vernacular English (AAVE) and Standard English—on spoken language expectations in their English classes. Previous research has demonstrated that many teachers hold negative views ofAAVE, but existing scholarship has not considered the perspectives of students themselves. For this study, 51 African American adolescents were asked to write about the dialects they thought students should speak in their English classes. Most students noted that speaking Standard English in professional situations was important, but they expressed diverse opinions about dialect use in their English classes. Students' opinions centered on four themes: (1) fear of external judgment, (2) desire for clear communication, (3) maintenance of identity, and (4) demonstration of respect. The article concludes with suggestions for productive instructional approaches to spoken language and dialect use during literacy activities.
Twenty-five years of PTHrP progress: From cancer hormone to multifunctional cytokine
Authors: McCauley Laurie K , Martin T John 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Twenty-five years ago a “new” protein was identified from cancers that caused hypercalcemia. It was credited for its ability to mimic parathyroid hormone (PTH), and hence was termed parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). Today it is recognized for its widespread distribution, its endocrine, paracrine, and intracrine modes of action driving numerous physiologic and pathologic conditions, and its central role in organogenesis. The multiple biological activities within a complex molecule with paracrine modulation of adjacent target cells present boundless possibilities. The protein structure of PTHrP has been traced, dissected, and deleted comprehensively and conditionally, yet numerous questions lurk in its past that will carry into the future. Issues of the variable segments of the protein, including the enigmatic nuclear localization sequence, are only recently being clarified. Aspects of PTHrP production and action in the menacing condition of cancer are emerging as dichotomies that may represent intended temporal actions of PTHrP. Relative to PTH, the hormone regulating calcium homeostasis, PTHrP “controls the show” locally at the PTH/PTHrP receptor throughout the body. Great strides have been made in our understanding of PTHrP actions, yet years of exciting investigation and discovery are imminent. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Targeted inhibition of T-cell factor activity promotes syndecan-2 expression and sensitization to doxorubicin in osteosarcoma cells and bone tumors in mice
Authors: Dieudonné François-Xavier , Marion Allison , Marie Pierre J , Modrowski Dominique 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Alterations of Wnt signaling appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma, presenting mutations of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and epigenetic downregulation of Wnt inhibitory factor 1. However, the precise role of Wnt effectors in the bone cancer progression remains unclear. We previously showed that Wnt/β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) activation are responsible for the repression of syndecan-2, a key modulator of apoptosis and chemosensitivity in osteosarcoma cells, suggesting a role of Wnt signaling in chemoresistance. In this study, we investigated the functional relationship between syndecan-2, Wnt/β-catenin/TCF signaling and chemosensitivity in these cells. To this goal, we selected resistant osteosarcoma cells from sensitive human cell lines using repeated exposures to doxorubicin. In doxorubicin-responsive but not in doxorubicin-resistant-derived cells syndecan-2 expression was upregulated by doxorubicin treatment. Moreover, syndecan-2 overexpression restored the sensitivity to doxorubicin in resistant-derived cells. We found that syndecan-2 induction by doxorubicin is forkhead box protein O3A (Foxo3a)-dependent. Foxo3a overexpression resulted in increased syndecan-2 expression in sensitive and resistant-derived cells. Doxorubicin modulated Foxo3a binding on syndecan-2 gene promoter and induced Foxo-dependent inhibition of Wnt/TCF activity. Conversely, β-catenin/TCF activation impaired syndecan-2 induction by doxorubicin, indicating that Wnt signaling is competing with the action of the cytotoxic drug. However, β-catenin was also found to be required for Foxo3a activity. Consistently, Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP-1) altered doxorubicin action in sensitive cells, whereas inhibition of TCF activity strongly decreased cell viability and increased sensitivity to doxorubicin in sensitive and resistant cells. TCF inhibition also increased the effect of doxorubicin treatment in an orthotopic bone tumor model in mice. Altogether, these data provide evidence that the repression of syndecan-2 by Wnt/β-catenin/TCF signaling contributes to the resistance of osteosarcoma cells to doxorubicin and suggest that TCF inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in osteosarcoma. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Inhibition of butyrate uptake by the primary bile salt chenodeoxycholic acid in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Gonçalves Pedro , Catarino Telmo , Gregório Inês , Martel Fátima 
Published: May 2012

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that bile acids may play a role in CRC etiology. Our aim was to characterize the effect of the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) upon14C‐BT uptake in tumoral (Caco‐2) and non‐tumoral (IEC‐6) intestinal epithelial cell lines. A 2‐day exposure to CDCA markedly and concentration‐dependently inhibited 14C‐BT uptake by IEC‐6 cells (IC50 = 120 µM), and, less potently, by Caco‐2 cells (IC50 = 402 µM). The inhibitory effect of CDCA upon 14C‐BT uptake did not result from a decrease in cell proliferation or viability. In IEC‐6 cells: (1) uptake of 14C‐BT involves both a high‐affinity and a low‐affinity transporter, and CDCA acted as a competitive inhibitor of the high‐affinity transporter; (2) CDCA inhibited both Na+‐coupled monocarboxylate cotransporter 1 (SMCT1)‐ and H+‐coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1)‐mediated uptake of 14C‐BT; (3) CDCA significantly increased the mRNA expression level of SMCT1; (4) inhibition of 14C‐BT uptake by CDCA was dependent on CaM, MAP kinase (ERK1/2 and p38 pathways), and PKC activation, and reduced by a reactive oxygen species scavenger. Finally, BT (5 mM) decreased IEC‐6 cell viability and increased IEC‐6 cell differentiation, and CDCA (100 µM) reduced this effect. In conclusion, CDCA is an effective inhibitor of 14C‐BT uptake in tumoral and non‐tumoral intestinal epithelial cells, through inhibition of both H+‐coupled MCT1‐ and SMCT1‐mediated transport. Given the role played by BT in the intestine, this mechanism may contribute to the procarcinogenic effect of CDCA at this level. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2937–2947, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Green Method for the Synthesis of Cyclopenta[b]chromen‐1(9H)‐one Derivatives in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Sheng Jie , Zhang Mei‐Mei , Jiang Hong , Wang Xiang‐Shan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA series of cyclopenta[b]chromen‐1(9H)‐one derivatives is prepared in high yields by a one‐pot reaction of substituted salicylaldehydes and cyclopentane‐1,3‐dione in ionic liquids of [BMIm]Br, the procedure is very mild and environmentally benign.
Syntheses of Amino Group‐Substituted N‐Confused Porphyrins
Authors: Rosa Mira Anne C. , Arco Susan D. , Hung Chen‐Hsiung 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTetraphenyl N‐confused porphyrins (NCTPP) bearing amino substituents were synthesized for the purpose of functionalization toward water‐soluble and biocompatible molecules. The Pd‐catalyzed coupling reaction of 4‐ethynylaniline with the 2‐bromo NCTPP Ag(III) complex yields Pd(II) and Ag(III) coupling products (4a and 4b), at 39% and 55%, respectively. The identities of these products were confirmed by the differences in the isotope patterns of their molecular ion peaks as well as other spectroscopic data. The Ag(III) coupling product, 4b, was demetallated to form the final product, 5, with a yield of 85%. The meso‐tetrakis(4‐nitrophenyl) N‐confused porphyrin, 6, was synthesized through a methanesulfonic acid catalyzed condensation of pyrrole with the 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde with a yield of 6.8%. Reduction of the compound to meso tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl) N‐confused porphyrin, 7, was achieved with a yield of 90%.
Photocatalytic Activity of Fe and Ce Co‐doped Mesoporous TiO2 Catalyst under UV and Visible Light
Authors: Shi Zhongliang , Lai Hong , Yao Shuhua , Wang Shaofeng 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe catalysts of un‐doped, single‐doped and co‐doped mesoporous titanium dioxide (MTiO2) were prepared by a template method with tetrabutyltitanate (Ti(OC4H9)4) as a Ti source material and Pluronic P123 as a template. The photo‐absorbance of the obtained catalysts was measured by UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy, and the photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples under UV and visible light were estimated by measuring the degradation rate of methyl orange (MO) (50 mg/L) in an aqueous solution. It was shown that the co‐doped MTiO2 could be activated by visible light and could thus be used as an effective catalyst in photo‐oxidation reactions. The effect of Fe and Ce co‐dopants on the material properties was investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherm measurement. The characterizations indicated that the photocatalysts possessed a homogeneous pore diameter of ca. 10 nm with high surface area of ca. 150 m2/g. The photocatalytic activity of MTiO2 co‐doped with Fe and Ce was markedly improved due to the synergistic actions of the two dopants.
2‐Starters, Graceful Labelings, and a Doubling Construction for the Oberwolfach Problem
Authors: Buratti Marco , Traetta Tommaso 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEvery 1‐rotationalsolution of a classic or twofold Oberwolfach problem (OP) of ordernis generated by a suitable 2‐factor (starter) ofor, respectively. It is shown that any starter of a twofold OP of orderngives rise to a starter of a classic OP of order(doubling construction). It is also shown that by suitably modifying the starter of a classic OP, one may obtain starters of some other OPs of the same order but having different parameters. The combination of these two constructions leads to lots of new infinite classes of solvable OPs. Still more classes can be obtained with the help of a third construction making use of the possiblegracefulnessof a graph whose connected components are cycles and at most one path. As one of the many applications, Hilton and Johnson's [J London Math Soc, 64 (2001) 513–522] boundabout the solvability of OPis improved toin the case ofreven. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Combin. Designs 20: 483‐503, 2012
Unitals of PG(2,q2) Containing Conics
Authors: Durante Nicola , Siciliano Alessandro 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAunitalin PG(2,q2) is a setofpoints such that each line meetsin 1 orpoints. The well‐known example is the classical unital consisting of all absolute points of a unitary polarity of PG(2,q2). Unitals other than the classical one also exist in PG(2,q2) for every. Actually, all known unitals are of Buekenhout–Metz type [see F. Buekenhout, Geom Dedicata 5 (1976), 189–194, R. Metz, Geom Dedicata 8 (1979), 125–126.], and they can be obtained by a construction due to F. Buekenhout, (Geom Dedicata 5 (1976), 189–194).. The unitals constructed by R. D. Baker and G. L. Ebert (J Combin Theory Ser A 60 (1992), 67–84), and independently by J. W. P. Hirschfeld and T. Szőnyi (Discrete Math 97 (1991), 229–242), are the union ofqconics. Our Theorem 1.1 shows that this geometric property characterizes the Baker–Ebert–Hirschfeld–Szőnyi unitals. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Combin. Designs 21: 101–111, 2013