bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red blood cell quantification microfluidic chip using polyelectrolytic gel electrodes
Authors: Kim Kwang Bok , Chun Honggu , Kim Hee Chan , Chung Taek Dong 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper reports on a novel microfluidic chip with polyelectrolytic gel electrodes (PGEs) used to rapidly count the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in diluted whole blood. The proposed microdevice is based on the principle that the impedance across a microchannel between two PGEs varies sensitively as RBCs pass through it. The number and amplitude of impedance peaks provide the information about the number and size of RBCs, respectively. This system features a low‐voltage dc detection method and non‐contact condition between cells and metal electrodes. Major advantages include stable detection under varying cellular flow rate and position in the microchannel, little chance of cell damage due to high electric field gradient and no surface fouling of the metal electrodes. The performance of this PGEs‐based system was evaluated in three steps. First, in order to observe the size‐only dependence of the impedance signal, three different sizes of fluorescent microbeads (7.2, 10.0, and 15.0 μm; Bangs laboratories, USA) were used in the experiment. Second, the cell counting performance was evaluated by using 7.2 μm fluorescent microbeads, similar in size to RBCs, in various concentrations and comparing the results with an animal hematoanalyzer (MS 9‐5; Melet schloesing laboratories, France). Finally, in human blood sample tests, intravenously collected whole blood was just diluted in a PBS without centrifuge or other pretreatments. The PGE‐based system produced almost identical number of RBCs in over 800‐fold diluted samples to the results from a commercialized human hematoanalyzer (HST‐N402XE; Sysmex, Japan).
Box‐spread arbitrage efficiency of Nifty index options: The Indian evidence
Authors: Vipul  
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study examines the market efficiency for the European style Nifty index options using the box‐spread strategy. Time‐stamped transactions data are used to identify the mispricing and arbitrage opportunities for options with this modelfree approach. Profit opportunities, after accounting for the transaction costs, are quite frequent, but do not persist even for two minutes. The mispricing is higher for the contracts with higher liquidity (immediacy) risk captured by the moneyness (the difference between the strike prices and the spot price) and the volatility of the underlying. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:544–562, 2009
Impact of nodal ratio on survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Shrime Mark G. , Ma Clement , Gullane Patrick J. , Gilbert Ralph W. , Irish Jonathan C. , Brown Dale H. , Goldstein David P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe association between nodal ratio and survival has not been assessed in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck.MethodsThis is a population‐based analysis, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End‐Results database, to determine whether nodal ratio impacts survival in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.ResultsBetween 1988 and 2005, 2955 new diagnoses of N1 or N2 squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were identified. The mean nodal ratio was 16.9%. Nodal ratio was found to be strongly statistically associated with overall survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Patients could be stratified into low‐ (0% to 6%), moderate‐ (6% to 12.5%), and high‐risk (>12.5%) groups based on nodal ratio.ConclusionsIn patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, an increased nodal ratio is a strong predictor of decreased survival. Risk of death can be stratified based on nodal ratio. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Integrating hydrometeorological information for rainfall‐runoff modelling by artificial neural networks
Authors: Chiang Yen‐Ming , Chang Fi‐John 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe major purpose of this study is to effectively construct artificial neural networks‐based multistep ahead flood forecasting by using hydrometeorological and numerical weather prediction (NWP) information. To achieve this goal, we first compare three mean areal precipitation forecasts: radar/NWP multisource‐derived forecasts (Pr), NWP precipitation forecasts (Pn), and improved precipitation forecasts (Pm) by merging Pr and Pn. The analysis shows that the accuracy of Pm is higher than that of Pr and Pn. The analysis also indicates that the NWP precipitation forecasts do provide relative effectiveness to the merging procedure, particularly for forecast lead time of 4–6 h. In sum, the merged products performed well and captured the main tendency of rainfall pattern. Subsequently, a recurrent neural network (RNN)‐based multistep ahead flood forecasting techniques is produced by feeding in the merged precipitation. The evaluation of 1–6‐h flood forecasting schemes strongly shows that the proposed hydrological model provides accurate and stable flood forecasts in comparison with a conventional case, and significantly improves the peak flow forecasts and the time‐lag problem. An important finding is the hydrologic model responses which do not seem to be sensitive to precipitation predictions in lead times of 1–3 h, whereas the runoff forecasts are highly dependent on predicted precipitation information for longer lead times (4–6 h). Overall, the results demonstrate that accurate and consistent multistep ahead flood forecasting can be obtained by integrating predicted precipitation information into ANNs modelling. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subretinal delivery of adeno‐associated virus serotype 2 results in minimal immune responses that allow repeat vector administration in immunocompetent mice
Authors: Barker Susie E. , Broderick Cathryn A. , Robbie Scott J. , Duran Yanai , Natkunarajah Mythili , Buch Prateek , Balaggan Kamaljit S. , MacLaren Robert E. , Bainbridge James W. B. , Smith Alexander J. , Ali Robin R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundAdeno‐associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) vectors show considerable promise for ocular gene transfer. However, one potential barrier to efficacious long‐term therapy is the development of immune responses against the vector or transgene product.MethodsWe evaluated cellular and humoural responses in mice following both single and repeated subretinal administration of AAV2, and examined their effects on RPE65 and green fluorescent protein transgene expression.ResultsFollowing subretinal administration of vector, splenocytes and T‐cells from draining lymph nodes showed minimal activation following stimulation by co‐culture with AAV2. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were not detected in the ocular fluids of any mice receiving AAV2 or in the serum of mice receiving a lower dose. NAbs were present in the serum of a proportion of mice receiving a higher dose of the vector. Furthermore, no differences in immunoglobulin titre in serum or ocular fluids against RPE65 protein or AAV2 capsid between treated and control mice were detected. Histological examination showed no evidence of retinal toxicity or leukocyte infiltration compared to uninjected eyes. Repeat administration of low‐dose AAV.hRPE65.hRPE65 to both eyes of RPE65−/− mice resulted in transgene expression and functional rescue, but re‐administration of high‐dose AAV2 resulted in boosted NAb titres and variable transgene expression in the second injected eye.ConclusionsThese data, which were obtained in mice, suggest that, following subretinal injection, immune responses to AAV2 are dose‐dependent. Low‐dose AAV2 is well tolerated in the eye, with minimal immune responses, and transgene expression after repeat administration of vector is achievable. Higher doses lead to the expression of NAbs that reduce the efficacy of repeated vector administration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 18F‐labelled di‐ and tri(ethylene glycol) metomidate esters
Authors: Erlandsson Maria , Hall Håkan , Långström Bengt 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBy replacing the alkyl chain in a metomidate ester with 18F‐labelled di‐ or tri(ethylene glycol) chains, two 18F‐labelled PET tracers, i.e. 2‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethoxy)ethyl 1‐[(1R)‐1‐phenylethyl]‐1H‐imidazole‐5‐carboxylate (1) and 2‐[2‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl 1‐[(1R)‐1‐phenylethyl]‐1H‐imidazole‐5‐carboxylate (2), were synthesized. Two precursors, 2‐(2‐bromoethoxy)ethyl 1‐[(1R)‐1‐phenylethyl]‐1H‐imidazole‐5‐carboxylate and 2‐[2‐(2‐chloroethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl 1‐[(1R)‐1‐phenylethyl]‐1H‐imidazole‐5‐carboxylate, were prepared and used in one‐step nucleophilic [18F]fluorination reactions using conventional and microwave heating. Organ distribution, frozen section autoradiography and metabolite analysis were performed. The decay‐corrected radiochemical yields of 1 and 2 were 26±8 and 23±8%, respectively, when they were prepared using conventional heating. By performing microwave heating, the reaction time could be decreased and the yields of analogues 1 and 2 could be increased to 57±12 and 51±18%, respectively. Organ distribution studies in the rat showed considerable uptake in the lungs, adrenals and liver. Both compounds bound with low nonspecific binding (1: approx. 20–30%; 2: 2.9% or lower) to tissue from pig and human normal and pathologic adrenals. Metabolite analyses were performed in rats after 5 and 30 min for tracer 1 (20±6 and 2±1%) and tracer 2 (27±5 and 6±4%). Both compounds are interesting candidates for the detection of different types of adrenal disorders. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable and balanced development of insular space: the case of Greece
Authors: Christofakis Manolis , Mergos George , Papadaskalopoulos Athanasios 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIslands, as unique ecosystems, are characterized by a particular sensitivity that affects all the fundamental dimensions of the sustainable development. Thus, highlighting the particularities of the operation of these ecosystems is of considerable importance. This helps to determine the factors and limitations of stability regarding insular ecosystems. All these issues are analysed in this paper. Since they are related to a case study of the Greek insular space, the formulation of a strategic framework for the sustainable and balanced development of the islands is discussed. This strategy is structured by specific priority axes that aim at tackling limitations and expanding the production base, as well as social development. The policies and mechanisms put in place in order to facilitate these priorities are presented too, as well as the necessary supportive and institutional actions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Instability of the pelvic ring and injury severity can be predictors of death in patients with pelvic ring fractures: a retrospective study
Authors: Tachibana Toshiya , Yokoi Hideyuki , Kirita Manabu , Marukawa Seishiro , Yoshiya Shinichi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe correlation between fracture type and mortality in patients with pelvic fracture has been previously investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether instability of the pelvic ring as assessed by Tile’s classification is a predictor of death in patients with pelvic fractures.Materials and methodsThe clinical course of consecutive patients with pelvic fractures was retrospectively reviewed. Eighty-seven patients with pelvic ring fractures were included in the study. As potential predictive factors, fracture type according to Tile’s classification, and generally used traumatic parameters (injury severity score, revised trauma score, and probability of survival) were analyzed.ResultsThe mortality was significantly higher in patients with unstable fracture patterns (P < 0.05). In non-survivors, index values of traumatic parameters were more severe than those in survivors (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe present study suggests that patients with unstable pelvic fractures have an increased risk of death associated with exacerbated injury severity.
Depression as a longitudinal outcome and antecedent of preadolescents' peer relationships and peer-relevant cognition
Authors: Zimmer-Gembeck Melanie J. , Hunter Tracey A. , Waters Allison M. , Pronk Rhiarne 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUsing longitudinal data and structural modeling, we investigated bidirectional associations among preadolescents' peer relationships, peer-relevant cognition, and depressive symptoms. Depression was expected to be an outcome and precursor of peer-relevant cognition, and cognition was expected to be an outcome and precursor of being more or less liked by classmates (peer likeability). We also examined whether cognition mediated the association between peer likeability and depression. Participants were 308 students (mean age = 11.0, SD = 0.9) who participated twice during a school year. A third assessment was completed with Grade 5 to 6 students 1 year after the second assessment. The model with bidirectional paths had a good fit to the data, but the most parsimonious model was an “effects” model showing that preadolescents with more depressive symptoms had less positive peer-relevant cognition at later assessments, and that those with more positive peer-relevant cognition were more liked by their peers over time. There were no age differences, some gender differences, and no support for cognition as a moderator of the association between depression and peer likeability.
Schooling pattern of eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock and its effect on fishing behaviour
Authors: Shen Haixue , Dorn Martin W. , Wespestad Vidar , Quinn Terrance J. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Shen, H., Dorn, M. W., Wespestad, V., and Quinn, T. J. 2009. Schooling pattern of eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock and its effect on fishing behaviour. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1284–1288 Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) form persistent midwater and near-bottom schools in the daytime during the winter spawning season in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS). Two spawning areas in the EBS, north of Unimak Island and near the Pribilof Islands, are the main fishing grounds. To study the schooling pattern of pollock and its effect on fishing behaviour on these two fishing grounds, a principal component analysis with instrumental variables was carried out using acoustic and observer data from 2003 and 2005. Significant differences between the school descriptors distinguished the schooling patterns among areas and years. The harvester, that is to say, the fishing vessel and its crew taken together, searched for fish aggregations, which were caught in a different manner when the schooling pattern changed. School density had a greater effect than school size on fishing behaviour. Aggregations were less dense in 2003 than in 2005, and the harvester tended to fish with longer tows, at higher speeds, when it encountered less dense aggregations.
Purification of Recombinant Drosophila NAP1
Authors: Peterson Craig L. 
Published: April 2009

INTRODUCTIONThe goal of chromatin assembly procedures is to prepare extended nucleosomal arrays from cloned DNA templates and purified core and linker histones. The assembled chromatin should be highly defined in its protein content and resemble bulk chromatin isolated from living cell nuclei in terms of periodicity and nucleosome positioning. This protocol describes the preparation of the NAP1 chaperone protein for use in chromatin assembly reactions. In this method, Sf9 cells are infected with an HIS6-DNA-1-expressing baculovirus. The NAP1 is then purified by nickel affinity chromatography, followed by anion-exchange chromatography.
Whole-Mount Preparation of Helobdella (Leech) Embryos for Microscopy
Authors: Weisblat David A. , Kuo Dian-Han 
Published: April 2009

INTRODUCTIONDue to the high yolk content and relatively large size of the Helobdella (leech) embryo, it is preferable to examine the embryos in a cleared whole-mount preparation after they have been stained. Three whole-mount procedures suitable for leech embryos are described here. The glycerol whole mount is quick and convenient because it does not require dehydration. However, prolonged incubation in buffered glycerol could cause the yolk to turn dark purple. Thus, it is not suitable for yolk-containing specimens that are intended for light microscopy. For fluorescence microscopy, anti-fading reagent can be added to the buffered glycerol. This article includes a recipe that works quite well for leech embryos. Also included are two alternative methods that require embryo dehydration, but have the advantage of clearing yolk-containing tissue. One method relies on the use of benzyl benzoate:benzyl alcohol (BBBA), a solution that provides the best clearing of yolk-containing tissue in the leech embryo. It is suitable for both fluorescence and light microscopy. Another alternative is the Epon whole-mount preparation. Epon is not quite as effective in clearing the yolk, but the viscosity of Epon facilitates orienting the specimens for imaging. As with BBBA, Epon is suitable for both light and fluorescence microscopy.
Serendipitous evidence of T lymphocyte activation in close female relatives of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Green M R J , Kennell A S M , Larche M J , Seifert M H , Isenberg D A , Salaman M R 
Published: April 2009

Summary
A well-recognized characteristic of the autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is the high level of activated T cells present in the blood. Because of the increased size and granularity of activated T cells, in flow cytometry one might expect to find increased numbers of cells falling outside a standard light-scatter lymphocyte gate, and indeed we now report that the percentage of T lymphocytes in the gate (% TiG) was below the normal range in 23 of 58 (40%) female patients because of increased scatter values. However, the surprising additional observation was made that 18 of 30 (60%) female first-degree relatives of the patients also fell below the normal % TiG range, suggesting the presence of T cell activation in these relatives. This view is strengthened by the strong inverse correlation between plasma total immunoglobulin G(IgG), which was raised in some relatives, and % TiG, as T cell activation is a requirement for IgG production. Conversely, there was no correlation with IgM, which has no comparable link with T cell activation. While a definitive interpretation must await the demonstration of activation antigen expression in relatives, these findings suggest the existence of a T cell activation trait, not harmful in itself, which, however, contributes to the development of disease in patients with SLE.
Improving client‐centred care and services: the role of front/back‐office configurations
Authors: Broekhuis Manda , De Blok Carolien , Meijboom Bert 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTitle.  Improving client‐centred care and services: the role of front/back‐officeconfigurations. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to explore the application of designing front‐ and back‐office work resulting in efficient client‐centred care in healthcare organizations that supply home care, welfare and domestic services.Background.  Front/back‐office configurations reflect a neglected domain of design decisions in the development of more client‐centred processes and structures without incurring major cost increases.Method.  Based on a literature search, a framework of four front/back‐office configurations was constructed. To illustrate the usefulness of this framework, a single, longitudinal case study was performed in a large organization, which provides home care, welfare and domestic services for a sustained period (2005–2006).Findings.  The case study illustrates how front/back‐office design decisions are related to the complexity of the clients’ demands and the strategic objectives of an organization. The constructed framework guides the practical development of front/back‐office designs, and shows how each design contributes differently to such performance objectives as quality, speed and efficiency.Conclusions.  The front/back‐office configurations presented comprise an important first step in elaborating client‐centred care and service provision to the operational level. It helps healthcare organizations to become more responsive and to provide efficient client‐centred care and services when approaching demand in a well‐tuned manner. In addition to its applicability in home care, we believe that a deliberate front/back‐office configuration also has potential in other fields of health care.
Risk Factors Associated with Fibular Fracture After Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy
Authors: TUTTLE TRENT A. , MANLEY PAUL A. 
Published: April 2009

Objective— To determine the incidence of, and risk factors for, fibular fracture after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs.Study Design— Case series.Sample Population— TPLO (n=168) on 142 dogs.Methods— Medical records (January 2006–September 2007) and radiographs of all dogs that had TPLO were reviewed. Data retrieved were breed, sex, age, weight, type of plate, use of a jig, time to recheck, preoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA), immediate postoperative TPA, and presence or absence of fibular fracture.Results— Fibular fractures occurred in 5.4% TPLOs. Body weight, change in TPA, and preoperative TPA were significantly higher in dogs with fibular fracture. TPLO without use of a jig was significantly associated with fibular fracture. Age, postoperative TPA, and plate type were not significantly associated with fibular fracture.Conclusions— Fibular fracture is uncommon after TPLO. Risk factors are increased body weight, greater preoperative TPA, greater change in TPA, and TPLO performed without a jig. All fractures occurred during convalescence.Clinical Relevance— Owners should be warned of potential complications and risk factors associated for fibular fracture after TPLO.
The Receptor Interacting Protein 1 Inhibits p53 Induction through NF-κB Activation and Confers a Worse Prognosis in Glioblastoma
Authors: Park Seongmi , Hatanpaa Kimmo J. , Xie Yang , Mickey Bruce E. , Madden Christopher J. , Raisanen Jack M. , Ramnarain Deepti B. , Xiao Guanghua , Saha Debabrata , Boothman David A. , Zhao Dawen , Bachoo Robert M. , Pieper Russell O. , Habib Amyn A. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer and also in resistance to treatment. Inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor is a key component of the multistep evolution of most cancers. Links between the NF-κB and p53 pathways are under intense investigation. In this study, we show that the receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1), a central component of the NF-κB signaling network, negatively regulates p53 tumor suppressor signaling. Loss of RIP1 from cells results in augmented induction of p53 in response to DNA damage, whereas increased RIP1 level leads to a complete shutdown of DNA damage–induced p53 induction by enhancing levels of cellular mdm2. The key signal generated by RIP1 to up-regulate mdm2 and inhibit p53 is activation of NF-κB. The clinical implication of this finding is shown in glioblastoma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. We show that RIP1 is commonly overexpressed in glioblastoma, but not in grades II and III glioma, and increased expression of RIP1 confers a worse prognosis in glioblastoma. Importantly, RIP1 levels correlate strongly with mdm2 levels in glioblastoma. Our results show a key interaction between the NF-κB and p53 pathways that may have implications for the targeted treatment of glioblastoma. [Cancer Res 2009;69(7):2809–16]