bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An association between decreased cardiopulmonary complications (transfusion‐related acute lung injury and transfusion‐associated circulatory overload) and implementation of universal leukoreduction of blood transfusions
Authors: Blumberg Neil , Heal Joanna M. , Gettings Kelly F. , Phipps Richard P. , Masel Debra , Refaai Majed A. , Kirkley Scott A. , Fialkow L. Benjamin 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary adverse events after transfusion include transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) and transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO), which are potentially lethal and incompletely understood.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To determine whether the incidence of TRALI and TACO was affected by leukoreduction we conducted a retrospective, before‐and‐after study of acute transfusion reactions for the 7 years before and after introduction of universal leukoreduction in 2000, involving 778,559 blood components.RESULTS: Substantial decreases occurred in the rates of TRALI (−83%; from 2.8 cases per 100,000 components before to 0.48 after universal leukoreduction; p = 0.01), TACO (−49%; 7.4 to 3.8 cases per 100,000; p = 0.03), and febrile reactions (−35%; 11.4 to 7.4 cases per 10,000; p < 0.0001). The incidence of allergic reactions remained unchanged (7.0 per 100,000 before and after universal leukoreduction). These outcomes were primarily attributable to decreased TRALI and/or TACO associated with red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) transfusions (−64%) with notably smaller decreases associated with fresh‐frozen plasma or cryoprecipitate transfusions (−29%). The incidence of TRALI and/or TACO after 28,120 washed RBC and 69,325 washed transfusions was zero.CONCLUSION: These data suggest novel hypotheses for further testing in animal models, in prospective clinical trials, and via the new US hemovigilance system: 1) Is TACO or TRALI mitigated by leukoreduction? 2) Is the mechanism of TACO more complex than excessive blood volume? and 3) Does washing mitigate TRALI and TACO due to PLT and RBC transfusions?
Geno‐ and phenotyping and immunogenicity of HNA‐3
Authors: Reil Angelika , Wesche Jan , Greinacher Andreas , Bux Juergen 
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND: Alloantibodies directed against the human neutrophil alloantigen (HNA)‐3a are frequently implicated in severe and fatal transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI). The HNA‐3a/3b system results from a single‐nucleotide exchange (461G>A; Arg154Gln) in the choline transporter‐like protein 2 gene. Genotyping may allow identification of blood donors at risk to develop HNA‐3a antibodies.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A polymerase chain reaction using sequence‐specific primers (PCR‐SSP) for genotyping of HNA‐3a and ‐3b alleles was designed. Results of genotyping and phenotyping were compared in 40 randomly selected individuals and in blood donors and recipients of six TRALI cases associated with HNA‐3a antibodies. Phenotyping was performed by granulocyte immunofluorescence and granulocyte agglutination using typing sera for HNA‐3a and two recently found HNA‐3b–reactive sera. Immunogenicity of HNA‐3a was determined by the rate of HNA‐3a alloantibodies in HNA‐3b homozygous parous women.RESULTS: Genotyping and phenotyping results correlated to 100% and were in accordance with alloantibody formation and binding in HNA‐3a antibody associated TRALI cases. Gene frequencies of HNA‐3a and ‐3b were 0.792 and 0.207 in the German population with 64.1% homozygous individuals for the HNA‐3a allele, 5.5% for the HNA‐3b allele, and 30.4% heterozygous individuals, in accordance with the Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium and the gene frequencies of 0.819 and 0.181 reported in 1964. Immunization rates were estimated to be of 7% for HNA‐3a and 0.5% for HNA‐3b.CONCLUSION: The PCR‐SSP method allows reliable determination of the HNA‐3a and ‐3b genotypes; approximately 7% of HNA‐3b homozygous women develop antibodies when exposed to the HNA‐3a antigen during pregnancy.
Leukoencephalopathy with Anterior Temporal Cysts Due to Congenital CMV Infection Diagnosed Retrospectively
Authors: O'Rourke Declan , Bradley Lisa , King Mary D. , Ryan Stephanie 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT Leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts has been described in a variety of conditions. However, few reports have highlighted congenital CMV as a cause of this imaging finding. We report a 1‐year‐old girl with developmental delay and sensorineural hearing loss whose MRI brain showed abnormal white matter and temporal cysts. Congenital CMV infection was diagnosed retrospectively by examination of dried blood spot from the newborn screening card.
Artery‐to‐Artery Embolism with a Mobile Mural Thrombus Due to Rotational Vertebral Artery Occlusion
Authors: Saito Kozue , Hirano Makito , Taoka Toshiaki , Nakagawa Hiroyuki , Kitauchi Takanori , Tanizawa Emi , Yoshida Koichi , Sakurai Yoshihiko , Tamura Kentaro , Nakase Hiroyuki , Yoshioka Akira , Sakaki Toshisuke , Kichikawa Kimihiko , Ueno Satoshi 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT Rotational vertebral artery (VA) occlusion can cause ischemic strokes due to hemodynamic insufficiency and possibly artery‐to‐artery (A‐to‐A) embolism. The former is known as bow hunter's stroke. The latter has been proposed only from indirect evidence. We have described a 7‐year‐old boy with cerebral infarction associated with A‐to‐A embolism due to repetitive rotational VA occlusion. He had a mobile mural thrombus at the VA occlusion site on head rotation. Surgical treatment may effectively prevent recurrences.
Primary Carcinoid Tumor of the Skull Base: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ibrahim Mohannad , Yousef Mohammad , Bohnen Nicholas , Eisbruch Avraham , Parmar Hemant 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT We present an unusual case of primary intracranial carcinoid tumor of the skull base centered at the level of the foramen jugulare, which was proven with surgical biopsy and later with Somatostatin receptor nuclear medicine scan. We present the salient magnetic resonance imaging features of this rare tumor, describe their characteristic nuclear medicine findings, and briefly review the literature.
Evaluation of a Microconvex Array Transducer for the Ultrasonographic Examination of the Intrathoracic Segments of the Supraaortic Arteries
Authors: Von Sarnowski Bettina , Khaw Alexander V. , Kessler Christof , Schminke Ulf 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Due to the geometry of linear array transducers and the anatomy of the supraclavicular, and jugular fossa it is often impossible to get an appropriate ultrasonic view of the intrathoracic segments of the supraaortic arteries and their origin from the aortic arch. We aimed to compare a conventional linear with a microconvex array transducer for their ability to visualize these vessel segments. METHODS We examined 21 volunteers for the intrathoracic segments of the common carotid arteries (CCA), subclavian arteries (SA), vertebral arteries (VA), brachiocephalic (innominate) artery (IA), and the visibility of the aortic arch (AA) with a 5.7‐10.0‐MHz linear array and a 3.5‐11.5‐MHz microconvex array transducer. RESULTS The most proximal segment of the left CCA (0% vs. 47.6%, P= .0005), the left SA (0% vs. 23.8%, P= .0478), the left VA (47.6% vs. 90.5%, P= .0063), the IA (14.2% vs. 61.9%, P= .0036), and the AA (4.8% vs. 52.4%, P= .0014) were significantly more often visualized with the microconvex than with the linear probe. CONCLUSION Due to its much smaller contact surface, the microconvex array transducer revealed a better and more extended view of the intrathoracic segments of the supraaortic arteries and the aortic arch.
Radiographic Evidence of Cerebral Hyperperfusion and Reversal Following Angioplasty and Stenting of Intracranial Carotid and Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Brus‐Ramer Marcel , Starke Robert M. , Komotar Ricardo J. , Meyers Philip M. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hyperperfusion is a rare but serious complication following cerebrovascular angioplasty and stent placement. Radiographically identifying hyperperfusion before the development of severe sequelae is difficult, as few diagnostic criteria have been established. METHODS A 50‐year‐old woman, initially presenting with 6 weeks of right‐sided hemiparesis and dysarthria, was treated for severe stenosis of the left internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries with intracranial angioplasty and placement of a balloon mounted Wingspan Stent (Boston Scientific, Fremont, CA). Continuous transcranial Doppler monitoring after stent placement indicated developing cerebral hyperperfusion. Concurrent angiography revealed markings consistent with dilatations of small arteries in the vascular territory of the stented arteries. Aggressive blood pressure management started in the procedure and continued postprocedure led to an approximately 40% reduction in systolic blood pressure. RESULTS The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged without development of neurological sequelae. Long‐term (8 months) follow‐up found that hemodynamic parameters in the stented left middle cerebral artery only slightly elevated compared to the unaffected right middle cerebral artery. CONCLUSION The high‐resolution angiographic image described here may provide a radiologic indication of the onset or progression of cerebral hyperperfusion, permitting appropriate therapeutic management prior to serious sequelae developing.
De Novo Formation of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation in a Patient with Intractable Epilepsy: Case Report and Review
Authors: Colpan Mustafa Efkan , Uckardesler Levent , Sekerci Zeki , Slavin Konstantin 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTAIM The exact origin and process of development of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) is currently unknown. In this article, the authors present de novo CCM formation in a patient with intractable epilepsy and discuss the pathogenesis of CCM in light of several current theories. CASE DESCRIPTION A 34‐year‐old man presented with a 10‐year history of intractable seizures. His neurological examination was normal, and the initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was suggestive of right mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). Follow‐up MRI study showed development of CCM in the right frontal region. Subsequently, invasive monitoring revealed right temporal seizure source, prompting right temporal lobectomy that resulted in abolition of epilepsy. Histological diagnosis of CCM was confirmed after the lesion was removed in a separate surgery. The patient recovered to normal lifestyle without any complications. CONCLUSION This appears to be a first documented case of de novo CCM formation in the setting of intractable epilepsy with ipsilateral MTS. Since the possibility of lesion development cannot be ruled out based on clinical examination, updated imaging and thorough neurophysiological workup are needed for successful treatment of patients with intractable epilepsy.
Brainstem Involvement in Sjögren's Syndrome‐Related Sensory Neuronopathy
Authors: Damasceno Alfredo , França Jr. Marcondes C. , Zanardi Verônica A. , Nucci Anamarli 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sensory neuronopathies (SN) are peripheral nervous system disorders associated with degeneration of dorsal root ganglion neurons. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown abnormalities limited to T2‐weighted high signal intensity in the posterior columns. METHODS AND RESULTS A 65‐year‐old woman with Sjögren syndrome had slowly progressive unsteadiness of gait and limb paresthesias. A blink reflex examination suggested a paramedian brainstem lesion, confirmed by MRI. CONCLUSIONS Sjögren's syndrome‐related SN may be associated with a more diffuse immune‐mediated aggression, involving also the brainstem, and leading to some of the blink reflex abnormalities observed in nonparaneoplastic SN.
Perfusion CT in Hyperacute Cerebral Hemorrhage Within 3 Hours after Symptom Onset: Is There an Early Perihemorrhagic Penumbra?
Authors: Herweh Christian , Jüttler Eric , Schellinger Peter D. , Klotz Ernst , Schramm Peter 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION In the recent years numerous studies have been undertaken to study cerebral perfusion in the surrounding of intracerebral hemorrhage, addressing the question of whether there is a secondary ischemic damage. Most of these studies found a reduced perfusion adjacent to the hematoma. However, the meaning of these findings remains controversial. METHODS We used perfusion computed tomography in 17 patients to study time to peak, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral blood volume as markers of the perihemorrhagic perfusion within 3 hours after symptom onset to search for an early difference between the extent of edema and reduced perfusion. RESULTS All patients showed a significant reduction of all perfusion parameters in the perihemorrhagic area, while there was no difference between the latitude of the reduced perfusion and the edema. CONCLUSION We did not find a difference between the extension of edema and that of restricted perfusion at a very early time point and therefore could not identify any tissue at risk of ischemia. Our findings suggest reduced perfusion and edema to have a common cause rather than presupposing one another.
Neurovascular Coupling and Cerebral Autoregulation in Patients with Stenosis of the Posterior Cerebral Artery
Authors: Fritzsch Carsten , Rosengarten Bernhard , Guschlbauer Brigitte , Weiller Cornelius , Hetzel Andreas , Reinhard Matthias 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACT Neurovascular coupling and cerebral autoregulation are two brain intrinsic vasoregulative mechanisms that rapidly adjust local cerebral blood flow. This study examined if stenotic disease affects both mechanisms in the posterior cerebral artery. Ten patients with altogether 13 stenosed (≥50%) posterior cerebral artery (PCA) sides were studied. In addition, 6 control persons without a PCA stenosis were examined. Cerebral blood flow velocity was assessed from both PCAs with transcranial Doppler sonography; blood pressure was measured noninvasively via fingerplethysmography. Neurovascular coupling was assessed by a control system approach using a standard visual stimulation paradigm. Cerebral autoregulation dynamics were measured from spontaneous oscillations of blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity by transfer function analysis (phase and gain). The parameters of neurovascular coupling and cerebral autoregulation did not show relevant differences between controls, nonstenosed sides, and stenosed sides. The 3 severely stenosed PCA sides showed a trend to a minor functional flow velocity change and attenuation of the neurovascular coupling mechanism in relation to sides with moderate stenosis. Phase and gain were not altered on sides with PCA stenosis. We conclude that in a group of patients with mainly moderate stenosis of the PCA neurovascular coupling and dynamic autoregulation dynamics seem to be unaltered.
The sphingolipid‐rich rafts of ALK+ lymphomas downregulate the Lyn‐Cbp/PAG signalosome
Authors: Yerly Stéphane , Ding Heidrun , Tauzin Sébastien , Van Echten‐Deckert Gerhild , Borisch Bettina , Hoessli Daniel C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHuman anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) + lymphomas express the constitutively active ALK as a fusion protein that drives several survival pathways. The catalytic domain of the anaplastic receptor tyrosine kinase is frequently fused with the nuclear localization protein nucleophosmin but may also fuse with other proteins that associate it with other subcellular structures. Similarly to other B human lymphomas, ALK+ lymphomas express the Cbp/PAG adaptor protein and the non‐receptor Lyn kinase in the plasma membrane. In the majority of human lymphomas, the Cbp/PAG adaptor and the Lyn kinase constitute an oncogenic signalosome that serves as a membrane anchor for other signaling enzymes and transcription factors. We show that ALK+ lymphoma membranes harbor sphingolipid‐rich microdomains (rafts) in which Lyn is poorly active. However, Lyn activity and consequently Cbp/PAG tyrosine phosphorylation can be restored by extracting sphingolipids from ALK+ lymphoma plasma membranes. In the membrane environment of ALK+ lymphoma rafts, where the glycosphingolipid to signaling protein ratio is higher than in B‐NHL rafts, the Lyn activity is suboptimal and does not allow the formation of an efficient Lyn‐Cbp/PAG signalosome.
An epidemiological analysis of severe cases of the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection in Japan
Authors: Wada Koji , Nishiura Hiroshi , Kawana Akihiko 
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: Wada et al. (2010). An epidemiological analysis of severe cases of the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection in Japan. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(4), 179–186.Background  The age distribution of confirmed cases with influenza A (H1N1) 2009 has shifted toward children and young adults, in contrast to interpandemic influenza, because of the age specificities in immunological reactions and transmission characteristics.Objectives  Descriptive epidemiological analysis of severe cases in Japan was carried out to characterize the pandemic’s impact and clinical features.Methods  First, demographic characteristics of hospitalized cases (n = 12 923), severe cases (n = 894) and fatal cases (n = 116) were examined. Second, individual records of the first 120 severe cases, including 23 deaths, were analyzed to examine potential associations of influenza death with demographic variables, medical treatment and underlying conditions. Among severe cases, we compared proportions of specific characteristics of survivors with those of fatal cases to identify predictors of death.Results  Age distribution of hospitalized cases shifted toward those aged <20 years; this was also the case for deaths without underlying medical conditions. Deaths in adults were mainly seen among those with underlying medical conditions, resulting in an increased risk of death as a function of age. According to individual records, the time from onset to death in Japan appeared rather short compared with that in other countries.Conclusion  The age specificity of severe cases and their underlying medical conditions were consistent with other countries. To identify predictors of death in influenza A (H1N1) 2009 patients, more detailed clinical characteristics need to be examined according to different age groups and types of manifestations, which should ideally include mild cases as subjects.
Anomalies in the Foundations of Ridge Regression: Some Clarifications
Authors: Kapat Prasenjit , Goel Prem K. 
Published: June 2010

Summary Several anomalies in the foundations of ridge regression from the perspective of constrained least‐square (LS) problems were pointed out in Jensen & Ramirez. Some of these so‐called anomalies, attributed to the non‐monotonic behaviour of the norm of unconstrained ridge estimators and the consequent lack of sufficiency of Lagrange's principle, are shown to be incorrect. It is noted in this paper that, for a fixed Y, norms of unconstrained ridge estimators corresponding to the given basis are indeed strictly monotone. Furthermore, the conditions for sufficiency of Lagrange's principle are valid for a suitable range of the constraint parameter. The discrepancy arose in the context of one data set due to confusion between estimates of the parameter vector, β, corresponding to different parametrization (choice of bases) and/or constraint norms. In order to avoid such confusion, it is suggested that the parameter β corresponding to each basis be labelled appropriately.
Bayesian Estimation of Prediction Error and Variable Selection in Linear Regression
Authors: Neath Andrew A. , Cavanaugh Joseph E. 
Published: June 2010

Summary An important statistical application is the problem of determining an appropriate set of input variables for modelling a response variable. In such an application, candidate models are characterized by which input variables are included in the mean structure. A reasonable approach to gauging the propriety of a candidate model is to define a discrepancy function through the prediction error associated with this model. An optimal set of input variables is then determined by searching for the candidate model that minimizes the prediction error. In this paper, we focus on a Bayesian approach to estimating a discrepancy function based on prediction error in linear regression. It is shown how this approach provides an informative method for quantifying model selection uncertainty.
Measurement of central corneal thickness by high‐resolution Scheimpflug imaging, Fourier‐domain optical coherence tomography and ultrasound pachymetry
Authors: Chen Shihao , Huang Jinhai , Wen Daizong , Chen Wuhe , Huang David , Wang Qinmei 
Published: June 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare the repeatability and reproducibility of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements by high‐resolution (HR) rotating Scheimpflug imaging and Fourier‐domain optical coherence tomography (FD‐OCT). CCT measurements were compared to those determined by ultrasound pachymetry (UP).Methods:  In 35 healthy eyes, intra‐observer repeatability for HR Scheimpflug (Pentacam) and FD‐OCT (RTVue) systems was determined in consecutive images taken by an observer in the shortest time possible. Imaging was repeated again by a second observer to evaluate inter‐observer reproducibility. The CCT measurements were compared among Scheimpflug, FD‐OCT and UP images.Results:  Mean coefficients of repeatability were 0.48% for Scheimpflug and 0.26% for FD‐OCT. For Scheimpflug, the coefficient of inter‐operator reproducibility was 0.87%. For FD‐OCT, the coefficient of inter‐operator reproducibility was 0.45%. The CCT measurements by Scheimpflug, OCT and UP images were (mean ± standard deviation) 521.7 ± 27.6 μm, 510.8 ± 28.6 μm and 516.5 ± 27.6 μm, respectively. The differences between instruments were statistically significant. The 95% limits of agreement in CCT were −0.7 to 22.5 μm for Pentacam‐OCT, −13.4 to 24.0 μm for Pentacam‐UP and −26.7 to 15.4 μm for OCT‐UP. There was a high degree of correlation between CCT measured by all 3 methods.Conclusion:  Noncontact measurements of CCT with HR Scheimpflug and FD‐OCT systems yielded excellent repeatability and reproducibility and can be used interchangeably. Although both devices were comparable with UP; in clinical practice, the measurements acquired by optical modalities are not directly interchangeable with UP measurements.