bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single session to infrared low level diode laser on TNF‐α and IL‐6 cytokines release by mononuclear spleen cells in mice: A pilot study
Authors: Fukuda Thiago Y. , Tanji Maury M. , Jesus Julio F. , Sato Maria N. , Duarte Alberto J.S. , Plapler Hélio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe results of low‐level infrared laser (LLL) systemic action on inflammatory modulation process, specifically diminishing pro‐inflammatory and producing anti‐inflammatory cytokines are extremely controversial in the literature. More studies are necessary to clarify the biomodulation process. The main objective was to investigate the effect of a single session of an AsGaAl laser on spleen cells interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor ‐ alpha (TNF‐α) release, in vivo, in mice.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn a pilot study, 18 isogenic mice were distributed in three groups: control (no surgical procedure, n = 6), sham (surgical procedure with three standard cutaneous incisions, followed by abdominal muscle incision followed by suture, n = 6) and LLL (same procedure followed by a single LLL exposure 12 hours after the procedure, n = 6). The animals in the LLL group received a single infrared continuous laser session (780 nm wavelength, power of 20 mW, energy density of 10 J/cm2) on three points (20 seconds per point), and final energy of 0.4 J. All animals of the sham and LLL groups were sacrificed 36 hours after surgical procedure; the spleen mononuclear cells were isolated and cultivated for 48 hours. The IL‐6 and TNF‐α were measured by the ELISA method.ResultsIL‐6 and TNF‐α concentrations released by the mononuclear cells showed significant differences between the control and sham group (P < 0.07). However, there were no differences between the control and LLL group and between the sham and LLL groups (P > 0.07).ConclusionThe single session of infrared LLL showed a tendency of decreasing the IL‐6 and TNF‐α release by mononuclear spleen cells in mice after application, although there was not a significant difference between the sham and LLL group. Conclusions regarding effectiveness of a single session procedure cannot be made due to the low statistical power of this pilot study. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:584–588, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Photoluminescent Color and Polarized Light Emission Tuning of Fluorene Derivatives Using a Photoreactive H‐Bonded Liquid Crystalline Polymer
Authors: Kawatsuki Nobuhiro , Ando Ryoichi , Ishida Ryosuke , Kondo Mizuho , Minami Yuta 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree fluorene (FL) derivatives with pyridine end groups were synthesized to control the photoluminescence (PL) wavelength and polarized light emission using a photoreactive H‐bonded polymer containing cinnamic acid side groups (P6CAM). The FL derivatives, which possessed pyridine end groups, formed H‐bonds with cinnamic acid, and changed the PL behavior of the derivatives. The controllability λmax of the PL depended on the position of the N‐atom at the pyridine end group and the degree of the photoreaction of the P6CAM. For F1, λmax of the PL was tuned from 470 to 518 nm. Employing P6CAM as the photoalignment layer to reorient the cinnamic acid side groups realized polarized PL up to PL||/PL⟂ = 3.9. Furthermore, photopatterning of the PL color and the direction of the polarized light emission using patterned P6CAM films were demonstrated.magnified image
Temperature‐induced tissue susceptibility changes lead to significant temperature errors in PRFS‐based MR thermometry during thermal interventions
Authors: Sprinkhuizen Sara M. , Konings Maurits K. , van der Bom Martijn J. , Viergever Max A. , Bakker Chris J. G. , Bartels Lambertus W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractProton resonance frequency shift‐based MR thermometry (MRT) is hampered by temporal magnetic field changes. Temporal changes in the magnetic susceptibility distribution lead to nonlocal field changes and are, therefore, a possible source of errors. The magnetic volume susceptibility of tissue is temperature dependent. For water‐like tissues, this dependency is in the order of 0.002 ppm/°C. For fat, it is in the same order of magnitude as the temperature dependence of the proton electron screening constant of water (0.01 ppm/°C). For this reason, proton resonance frequency shift‐based MR thermometry in fatty tissues, like the human breast, is expected to be prone to errors. We aimed to quantify the influence of the temperature dependence of the susceptibility on proton resonance frequency shift‐based MR thermometry. Heating experiments were performed in a controlled phantom set‐up to show the impact of temperature‐induced susceptibility changes on actual proton resonance frequency shift‐based temperature maps. To study the implications for a clinical case, simulations were performed in a 3D breast model. Temperature errors were quantified by computation of magnetic field changes in the glandular tissue, resulting from susceptibility changes in a thermally heated region. The results of the experiments and simulations showed that the temperature‐induced susceptibility changes of water and fat lead to significant errors in proton resonance frequency shift‐based MR thermometry. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous acquisition of gradient echo/spin echo BOLD and perfusion with a separate labeling coil
Authors: Glielmi C. B. , Xu Q. , Craddock R. C. , Hu X. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractArterial spin labeling‐based cerebral blood flow imaging complements blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) imaging with a measure that is more quantitative and has better specificity to neuronal activation. Relative to gradient echo BOLD, spin echo BOLD has better spatial specificity because it is less biased to large draining veins. Although there have been many studies comparing simultaneously acquired cerebral blood flow data with gradient echo BOLD data in fMRI, there have been few studies comparing cerebral blood flow with SE BOLD and no study comparing all three. We present a pulse sequence that simultaneously acquires cerebral blood flow data with a separate labeling coil, gradient echo BOLD, and spin echo BOLD images. Simultaneous acquisition avoids interscan variability, allowing more direct assessment and comparison of each contrast's relative specificity and reproducibility. Furthermore, it facilitates studies that may benefit from multiple complementary measures. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ionische Flüssigkeiten zur Metallabscheidung
Authors: Endres Frank 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDünne Silciumschichten oder Siliciumnanopartikel erzeugen, Aluminium auf Stahlblechen abscheiden, Tantalverbindungen bei relativ niedrigen Temperaturen elektrolysieren: Ionische Flüssigkeiten können die Galvanik revolutionieren, die Plasmaelektrochemie vorantreiben und Grundlagenforschern neue Themen geben.
Neues aus der Welt der endohedralen Fullerene
Authors: Dunsch Lothar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractVielfalt aus dem Inneren: In Kohlenstoffkäfige lassen sich Carbid‐ und Methancluster einsperren, Schalen bis hin zu C100 erweisen sich bei Metalleinbau als isolierbar und die Stabilitätskriterien, die für Fullerene gelten, sind bei manchen endohedralen Strukturen offenbar außer Kraft gesetzt. Dazu kommen die vielversprechenden magnetischen und elektrochemischen Eigenschaften endohedraler Fullerene.
Molekulare Ursachen des Autismus
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Veranlagung zum Autismus ist erblich, doch tragen so viele verschiedene Gene dazu bei, daß die genauen genetischen Grundlagen bis heute nicht aufgeklärt werden konnten. Großangelegte Untersuchungen auf Genomebene sollen jetzt Abhilfe schaffen.
Chemiedozententagung 2007 in Halle
Authors: Abicht Hans‐Peter , Steinborn Dirk 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie Tradition der Chemiedozententagungen bleibt lebendig: Vom 11. bis 14. März war das Institut für Chemie der Martin‐Luther‐Universität Halle‐Wittenberg Gastgeber für etwa 500 Professoren, angehende Hochschullehrer, Vertreter der chemischen Industrie und eine erfreulich hohe Zahl von Doktoranden.
Senior Professor Service for Sustainability and Chemical Safety
Authors: Bahadir Müfit 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEin Projekt mit Zukunftsvision in Indonesien gestartet: Deutsche Senior‐Professoren stellen sich als Lehrkräfte zur Verfügung, um in Yogyakarta MSc‐Kurse in “Nachhaltigkeit und Chemikaliensicherheit” zu unterrichten.
Bioethanol als erneuerbare, wirtschaftliche Alternative
Authors: Dietrich Andreas , Nielsen Morten 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSteigende Ölpreise und wachsendes Umweltbewusstsein veranlassen Regierungen und Verbraucher, nach alternativen Treibstoffquellen zu suchen – Bioethanol ist hierbei einer der Favoriten.
Zuarbeiter für Ab‐initio‐Programme
Authors: Horn Anselm 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDas Windowsprogramm ChemCraft vereinfacht die Arbeit mit Ab‐initio‐Programmpaketen durch graphisches Editieren der Eingabestruktur und durch Visualisierung der Ergebnisse. Hauptsächlich unterstützt es dabei die Programme Gaussian und Gamess‐US.
Marketing churches on the Internet: an analysis of the dialogic potential of Christian web sites
Authors: Waters Richard D. , Tindall Natalie T.J. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

The Internet has affected every aspect of society, and religion is no exception. Nearly 28 million Americans use the Internet to supplement their spiritual life by visiting Web sites to communicate with their churches and other congregation members. Online communication with religious organizations can be enhanced by the incorporation of five dialogic loop principles that foster relationship growth. Through a content analysis of randomly sampled Church Web sites from a national database, this study found that Christian churches were laggards in terms of creating an interactive environment for church‐goers.

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein kinase inhibitors can control the progression of endometriosis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Ngô Charlotte , Nicco Carole , Leconte Mahaut , Chéreau Christiane , Arkwright Sylviane , Vacher‐Lavenu Marie‐Cécile , Weill Bernard , Chapron Charles , Batteux Frédéric 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEndometriosis affects 6–10% of women in their reproductive years, causing chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Its pathogenesis remains poorly understood and current treatments, based on hormonal therapy or surgery, are often insufficient. The purpose of our study was to investigate the role of the ERK pathway in the development of endometriosis and to test the effects of protein kinase inhibitors on the proliferation of endometriotic cells in vitro and in vivo. We studied ex vivo human endometrial and endometriotic cells in culture. Stromal and epithelial cells were extracted from endometrial and endometriotic biopsies from patients with endometriosis and from patients without endometriosis. The ERK pathway was explored by western blot on cell lysates and by ELISA on total crushed specimens of endometrium. Cells in culture were treated with A771726, PD98059, and U0126. Human endometriotic lesions were implanted in nude mice. Mice were treated with A771726, leflunomide, PD98059, U0126 or PBS during 2 weeks before sacrifice and extraction of the endometriotic implants for histological examination. We found that the ERK pathway was significantly activated in endometriotic cells and in endometrial cells from patients with endometriosis compared to endometrial cells of control patients, both by ELISA and by western blot. This phenomenon was associated with an increased proliferation of endometriotic cells compared to endometrial cells. Treating endometriotic cells with A771726, PD98059 or U0126 abrogated the phosphorylation of ERK and significantly decreased the cellular proliferation in vitro. In vivo, A771726, leflunomide, PD98059, and U0126 controlled the growth of endometriotic implants in the mouse model of endometriosis. Our study shows that protein kinase inhibitors could be new candidates to treat endometriosis. However, further studies are needed to evaluate their effects and tolerability in humans. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of surfactants on the characteristics and biosensing properties of polyaniline
Authors: Kuczynska Agnieszka , Uygun Aysegul , Kaim Andrzej , Wilczura‐Wachnik Hanna , Yavuz Ayse Gul , Aldissi Matt 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTo investigate the effects of surfactants on the properties of polyaniline (PANI), a series of PANIs was synthesized in the presence of surfactants by chemical polymerization of aniline in an acidic medium, using (NH4)2S2O8 as oxidant. Three types of surfactant were used: (i) non‐ionic poly(ethylene oxide) (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20) and poly(ethylene oxide) (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (Tween 40); (ii) cationic (1‐tetradecyl)trimethylammonium bromide; and (iii) anionic sodium 1‐dodecanesulfonate and sodium 1‐pentanesulfonate. The structural, morphological and thermal properties of the various samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared and UV‐visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Calorimetry was used to compare enthalpy changes during polymerization. The electrochemical and glucose biosensor properties of the PANIs were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and amperometric measurements. PANI‐Tween 20 and PANI‐Tween 40 were found to be good for immobilization of glucose oxidase enzymes and potential candidates for use in glucose biosensing. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of networks from photoreactive copolymers: an attempt to correlate chemical composition to network structure
Authors: Husár Branislav , Commereuc Sophie , Chmela Štefan , Verney Vincent 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe photoreactivity of polystyrene bearing photoreactive benzil (BZ) pendant groups was studied. Upon irradiation (λ > 370 nm), BZ groups were transformed to benzoyl peroxide (BP) groups that caused crosslinking of the polymer upon heating. The main goal of this study was to characterize the final network. Melt viscoelasticity is a powerful method to assess some specific parameters of a crosslinking process (gel point, crosslink density). Classical methods based on low‐frequency slope variations, such as the Winter and Chambon method, were successfully applied. A good correlation was established between the content of BP groups after the first irradiation and the final density of the network after crosslinking. It was determined that at least two peroxidic species (BP groups) per macromolecular chain are necessary to reach the gel point. The concentration of BZ groups and their conversion into BP groups are the factors supporting a denser network. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Radiographic findings among children hospitalized with severe community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Ferrero F. , Nascimento‐Carvalho C.M. , Cardoso M.‐R. , Camargos P. , March M.‐F.P. , Berezin E. , Ruvinsky R. , Sant'Anna C. , Feris‐Iglesias J. , Maggi R. , Benguigui Y. ,   the CARIBE group
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundCommunity‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of childhood death. There are few published reports of radiographic findings among children with severe CAP.ObjectiveTo describe chest X‐ray (CXR) findings and assess association between these radiographic findings and pneumococcal isolation in children with severe CAP.MethodsA prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted in 12 centers in Argentina, Brazil, and the Dominican Republic. Children aged 3–59 months, hospitalized with severe pneumonia, were included. On admission, blood and pleural effusion cultures were performed. Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified according to standard procedures in the respective national reference laboratory. Chest X‐rays were taken on admission and read before the culture results were reported.ResultsOut of 2,536 enrolled patients, 283 (11.2%) had S. pneumoniae isolated, in 181 cases (7.1%) from blood. The follow radiographic patterns were observed: alveolar infiltrate (75.2%), pleural effusion (15.6%), and interstitial infiltrate (9.2%). Overall, pleural effusion was associated with pneumococcal isolation and pneumococcal bacteremia (P < 0.001). Infiltrates were unilateral (78.7%) or bilateral (21.3%), right‐sided (76%) or left‐sided (24%), in the lower lobe (53.6%) or the upper lobe (46.4%). Multivariate analysis including patients with affection of only one lobe showed that upper lobe affection and pleural effusion were associated with pneumococcal isolation (OR 1.8, 95% CI, 1.3–2.7; OR 11.0, 95% CI, 4.6–26.8, respectively) and with pneumococcal bacteremia (OR 1.7, 95% CI, 1.2–2.6; OR 3.1, 95% CI, 1.2–8.0, respectively).ConclusionsThree‐quarters of the patients studied had alveolar infiltrates. Upper lobe compromising and pleural effusion were associated with pneumococcal invasive disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:1009–1013. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An aspartate to glycine change in the carboxyl transferase domain of acetyl CoA carboxylase and non‐target‐site mechanism(s) confer resistance to ACCase inhibitor herbicides in a Lolium multiflorum population
Authors: Kaundun Shiv Shankhar 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The increasing use of ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides has resulted in evolved resistance in key grass weeds infesting cereal cropping systems worldwide. Here, a thorough and systematic approach is proposed to elucidate the basis of resistance to three ACCase herbicides in a Lolium multiflorum Lam. (Italian rye grass) population from the United Kingdom (UK24).RESULTS: Resistance to sethoxydim and pinoxaden was always associated with a dominant D2078G (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. equivalent) target‐site mutation in UK24. Conversely, whole‐plant herbicide assays on predetermined ACCase genotypes showed very high levels of resistance to diclofop‐methyl for all three wild DD2078 and mutant DG2078 and GG2078 ACCase genotypes from the mixed resistant population UK24. This indicates the presence of other diclofop‐methyl‐specific resistance mechanism(s) yet to be determined in this population. The D2078G mutation could be detected using an unambiguous DNA‐based dCAPS procedure that proved very transferable to A. myosuroides, Avena fatua L., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. and Phalaris minor Retz.CONCLUSION: This study provides further understanding of the molecular basis of resistance to ACCase inhibitor herbicides in a Lolium population and a widely applicable PCR‐based method for monitoring the D2078G target‐site resistance mutation in five major grass weed species. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Defect levels through hybrid density functionals: Insights and applications
Authors: Alkauskas Audrius , Broqvist Peter , Pasquarello Alfredo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHybrid density functional calculations applied to defect charge transition levels are explored in the attempt to overcome the band‐gap problem of semilocal density functionals. Charge transition levels of a large set of point defects calculated with semilocal and hybrid density functionals are found to correspond closely when aligned with respect to the average electrostatic potential. This strongly suggests that the defect levels defined in this way are already accurately described at these levels of theory. In particular, this then also applies to the energy separation between different defect levels, which is directly accessible experimentally. At variance, within the same alignment scheme, the band edges obtained with hybrid functionals are found to undergo significant shifts with respect to those obtained with semilocal functionals. While these shifts systematically give larger band gaps, the agreement with experiment is not always satisfactory when a fixed fraction of exact exchange is admixed. This describes a current limitation of hybrid functional schemes. In the attempt of identifying a viable theoretical description within the class of one‐parameter hybrid functionals based on bare exchange, we explore the validity of the empirical procedure which consists in tuning the fraction of nonlocal exchange to a value which gives a theoretical band gap reproducing the experimental one. Comparisons with experiment for band offsets and specific defect levels record very encouraging results. Despite its inherent limitations, such an empirical scheme based on hybrid functionals represents a definite improvement with respect to semilocal functionals.
Application of AFM from microbial cell to biofilm
Authors: Wright Chris J. , Shah Maia Kierann , Powell Lydia C. , Armstrong Ian 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAtomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has proven itself over recent years as an essential tool for the analysis of microbial systems. This article will review how AFM has been used to study microbial systems to provide unique insight into their behavior and relationship with their environment. Immobilization of live cells has enabled AFM imaging and force measurement to provide understanding of the structure and function of numerous microbial cells. At the macromolecular level AFM investigation into the properties of surface macromolecules and the energies associated with their mechanical conformation and functionality has helped unravel the complex interactions of microbial cells. At the level of the whole cell AFM has provided an integrated analysis of how the microbial cell exploits its environment through its selective, adaptable interface, the cell surface. In addition to these areas of study the AFM investigation of microbial biofilms has been vital for industrial and medical process analysis. There exists a tremendous potential for the future application of AFM to microbial systems and this has been strengthened by the trend to use AFM in combination with other characterization methods, such as confocal microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, to elucidate dynamic cellular processes. SCANNING 32: 134–149, 2010. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐resolution X‐ray spectrometry of solids using the microcalorimeter X‐ray detector
Authors: Jach Terrence 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe analyze here the spectrum of the Al Kα and Mg Kα X‐ray lines obtained by electron excitation of a multielement glass. The spectrum was obtained in an electron beam probe using a microcalorimeter X‐ray detector. With 7 eV resolution, we are able to observe and compare the intensity ratios of the Kα3, 4 satellites to the Kα1, 2 main lines. These satellites are sensitive to the chemistry of the solid. We compare our observed values to the intensity ratios obtained by Klauber and by Krause & Ferreira. The agreement of the relative satellite intensities in our measurement is more consistent with ratios for metals than for oxides. The ability to observe satellites of lines in multielement samples using the microcalorimeter detector opens up new possibilities for the interpretation of atomic core‐valence processes in solids. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.