bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Bioluminescent Imaging Demonstrates Long-Term Multilineage Engraftment of Ex Vivo-Expanded CD34-Selected Umbilical Cord Blood Cells
Authors: Steiner David , Gelovani Juri , Savoldo Barbara , Robinson Simon N. , Decker William K. , Brouard Nathalie , Najjar Amer , Xing Dongxia , Yang Hong , Li Sufang , Marini Frank , Zweidler-McKay Patrick A. , Bollard Catherine M. , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Dotti Gianpietro , Simmons Paul J. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) grafts for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a promising technique that permits a degree of human leukocyte antigen mismatch between the graft and the host without the concomitant higher rate of graft-versus-host disease that would be observed between an adult marrow graft and a mismatched host. A disadvantage to the use of UCB for HSCT is that immune reconstitution may be significantly delayed because of the low stem cell dose available in the graft. Ex vivo expansion of UCB CD34 cells would provide a greater number of stem cells; however, there are persistent concerns that ex vivo-expanded CD34 cells may lose pluripotency and the ability to contribute meaningfully to long-term engraftment. To address this issue, we transduced CD34-selected UCB cells with a lentiviral construct expressing luciferase, and determined homing and engraftment patterns in vivo by noninvasive bioluminescent imaging in sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγ−/− (NSG) mice. Graft contribution to multilineage commitment was also confirmed by analysis of primary and secondary transplants by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrate that, other than a mild delay at the onset of engraftment, there were no significant differences in lineage repopulation or in long-term or secondary engraftment between culture-expanded and unexpanded UCB CD34-selected cells. The results suggest that multipotent stem cells can be expanded ex vivo and can contribute meaningfully to long-term hematopoietic engraftment.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Regulation of endothelial cell functions by basement membrane‐ and arachidonic acid‐derived products
Authors: Pozzi Ambra , Zent Roy 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAngiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vasculature, is required for normal physiological as well as pathological events. The angiogenic process requires endothelial cells to proliferate, migrate, and undergo tubulogenesis. These multistep processes necessitate secretion of pro‐angiogenic growth factors, activation of specific intracellular signaling, and interaction of endothelial cells with basement membrane (BM) extracellular matrix components. The generation and release of angiogenic molecules are highly regulated and are influenced by numerous factors, including BM‐derived fragments, proteolytic enzymes, as well as metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA). The interactions between these key modulators of angiogenesis is extremely complex, as AA metabolites can regulate the synthesis of soluble angiogenic factors, BM components, as well as enzymes capable of cleaving BM components, which result in the generation of pro‐ and/or anti‐angiogenic products. Furthermore, some BM‐derived fragments can alter the expression of AA‐converting enzymes and consequently the synthesis of angiogenic factors. In this review we describe the relationship between BM components and AA metabolites with respect to the regulation of endothelial cell functions in health and disease. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models
Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Macromolecular Interactions, Methods
Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
Effect of Ionic Head Group on Admicelle Formation by Polymerizable Surfactants
Authors: Asnachinda Emma , Khaodhiar Sutha , Sabatini David A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractOne of the problems of using surfactant‐modified adsorbents in a surfactant‐based adsorption process is loss of surfactant because of desorption. Recently, polymerizable surfactants have been used to minimize surfactant losses by polymerization of the surfactant admicellar structure to help secure it to the solid oxide surface. In this study, adsorption of polymerizable cationic gemini surfactant was used to form polymerized bilayers on silica. UV light was used to irradiate and initiate the polymerization process. Surfactant adsorption and desorption were evaluated to compare the efficiency of polymerized and non‐polymerized surfactants using gemini and conventional surfactants, respectively. Results demonstrate that the increased stability of the polymerized surfactant‐modified surface can reduce the desorption of surfactant from the surface, thereby improving operating characteristics of the surfactant‐modified media (e.g., maintaining adsolubilization potential, dispersion stability, etc.).
Profiling of Phytosterols, Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Selected Seed Oils from Botswana by GC–MS and HPLC
Authors: Mitei Y. C. , Ngila J. C. , Yeboah S. O. , Wessjohann L. , Schmidt J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe phytosterol, tocopherol, and tocotrienol profiles for mkukubuyo, Sterculia africana, manketti, Ricinodendron rautanenni, mokolwane, Hyphaene petersiana, morama, Tylosema esculentum, and moretologa‐kgomo, Ximenia caffra, seed oils from Botswana have been determined. Normal‐phase HPLC analysis of the unsaponifiable matter showed that among the selected oils, the most abundant tocopherol and tocotrienol were γ‐tocopherol (2232.99 μg/g) and γ‐tocotrienol (246.19 μg/g), detected in manketti and mkukubuyo, respectively. Mokolwane oil, however, contained the largest total tocotrienol (258.47 μg/g). Total tocol contents found in manketti, mokolwane, mkukubuyo, morama, and moretologa‐kgomo oils were 2238.60, 262.40, 246.20, 199.10, and 128.0 μg/g, respectively. GC–MS determination of the relative percentage composition of phytosterols showed 4‐desmethylsterols as the most abundant phytosterols in the oils, by occurring up to 90% in moretologa‐kgomo, mkukubuyo, and manketti seed oils, with β‐sitosterol being the most abundant. Mokolwane seed oil contained the largest percentage composition of 4,4‐dimethylsterols (45.93%). Besides 4‐desmethylsterols (75%), morama oil also contained significant amounts of 4,4‐dimethylsterols and 4‐monomethylsterols (15.72% total). GC–MS determination of the absolute amounts of 4‐desmethylsterols, after SPE fractionation of the unsaponifiable matter, confirmed that β‐sitosterol was the most abundant phytosterol in the test seed oils, with manketti seed oil being the richest source (1326.74 μg/g). The analysis showed total 4‐desmethylsterols content as 1617.41, 1291.88, 861.47, 149.15, and 109.11 μg/g for manketti, mokolwane, mkukubuyo, morama, and moretologa‐kgomo seed oils, respectively.
Co‐crystals of Beeswax and Various Vegetable Waxes with Sterols Studied by X‐ray Diffraction and Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Mellema Michel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this study, mixtures of purified wax and sterols were melted and subsequently cooled. Using X‐ray diffraction of the mixed, solid phase, it was shown that for up to 30–40 wt% sterols no measurable re‐crystallisation of sterols occurred, i.e. the sterols became dissolved at a molecular level. Probably a form of amorphous co‐crystals of sterols and wax is formed if the molecular ratio does not exceed 1:1. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) suggests that a minor amount of pure sterols could already be present at lower sterol levels. This may be because of the higher temperature at which the microstructure is probed when using DSC—melting of the wax might lead to crystallisation of the sterols. For application in foods, the structure as probed by X‐rays at ambient temperatures is more relevant. When sunflower wax and rice bran wax are used, prevention of sterol crystallisation is even more pronounced, probably because the melting temperatures of these waxes are closer to the melting temperature of sterol crystals. Replacing the beeswax with a saturated fat (heRP70), sunflower oil, or jojoba wax (a liquid wax) substantially increases the amount of crystalline sterols. The difference between the various waxes and fats was qualitatively the same for X‐ray diffraction and DSC. Stanols can be incorporated in the same manner and up to similar concentrations. Another insoluble nutritional compound, ursolic acid, has a greater tendency to crystallise in wax. This is probably because the melting temperature of ursolic acid is much higher than that of wax.
Partitioning of Carboxylic Acid between Oil and Water Phases. Experimental, Correlation, and Prediction
Authors: Campanella Alejandrina , Mandagarán Beatriz A. , Campanella Enrique A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPartition coefficients for the carboxylic acids (A) acetic and formic acids between oil and water were measured, correlated, and predicted. The experiments were conducted by equilibrating the systems, soybean oil (SO)–H2O–A and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)–H2O–A, at 40 °C employing different compositions. The partition coefficients were correlated using the UNIQUAC model and, also, predicted by calculating the activity coefficients of the carboxylic acid in the two phases using a group contribution method, the UNIFAC equation. Agreement of experimental partition coefficients values with those estimated by UNIFAC are fair. Other experimental data from literature were also correlated and are discussed.
Origin of Albite Porphyroblasts in Rocks of the Ben More—Am-Binnein Area, Western Perthshire, Scotland
Authors: Jones K. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe eastern limit of a narrow belt of rocks, running from Co. Antrim through Cowal and into Perthshire, containing abundant albite porphyroblasts, has been mapped in detail. Albite is shown to have recrystallized as large porphyroblasts (up to 23 mm. in diameter in some cases) after the last main phase of deformation affecting these rocks. It is concluded that a large scale, late stage, regional metasomatism in the metamorphic history of the rocks of this area was the causal mechanism of the growth of albite porphyroblasts.
Ignimbrite flows from Rajula, Saurashtra, India
Authors: Krishnamacharlu T. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryThe paper records the occurrence of ignimbrite flows at Rajula, Amreli district of Saurashtra. Three different flows of ignimbrite representing a single genetic unit have been recognized. They consist of devitrified glass shards, pumice, salic and mafic minerals and unevenly distributed basic fragments. The shards and pumice are elongated along the flow direction of the rock giving eutaxitic foliation, while the basic fragments are drawn out in the direction of flow. The low content of soda in these ignimbrites is probably due to its loss during the hydration and devitrification of the glass.
Basal Cambrian reworked phosphates from Spitsbergen (Norway) and their implications
Authors: Kidder D. L. , Swett K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSeveral phosphatic zones are associated with the oldest remains of shelly fossils on the arctic island of Spitsbergen. The phosphate occurs as reworked nodules and layers associated with a disconformity. A gap in the acritarch biostratigraphic record supports a hiatus associated with the phosphatic zone. Palaeogeographic positions for Svalbard, both (1) as a single unit, and (2) as three isolated parts prior to Caledonian tectonism are consistent with conditions favourable to at least minimal amounts of upwelling. However, upwelling may not have been a prerequisite for development of these phosphate deposits. These phosphates were deposited in a nearshore shelf environmnt which contrasts with the outer shelf setting of many modern and recent phosphate deposits.Geochemistry of the Lower Cambrian phosphates of Spitsbergen varies with the mode of phosphate occurrence. Concretionary phosphate clasts are chemically zoned such that their centres are enriched in P2O5 and CaO and are depleted in A12O3, SiO2, and K2O. Laminated and thinly bedded phosphate shows no chemical zonation within clasts. Phosphate cements are the most pure with respect to calcium phosphate.This thin phosphatic zone of Svalbard is minor when compared with thicker and richer Lower Cambrian phosphate deposits, particularly those in the Soviet Union, Southeast Asia, and Australia. Coupled with the near absence of phosphate in some extensive Proterozoic to Lower Palaeozoic successions (e.g. western North America), this emphasizes the fact that widespread Lower Cambrian phosphate deposition was unevenly distributed. Althouth the Upper Proterozoic and Lower Cambrian are characterized by enhanced phosphogenesis, palaeogeographic position was also apparently critical to deposition of phosphatic sediments.
Explosive volcanism on Santorini, Greece
Authors: Druitt T. H. , Mellors R. A. , Pyle D. M. , Sparks R. S. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstrctSantorini volcanic field has had 12 major (1–10 km3or more of magma), and numerous minor, explosive eruptions over the last ~ 200 ka. Deposits from these eruptions (Thera Pyroclastic Formation) are well exposed in caldera-wall successions up to 200 m thick. Each of the major eruptions began with a pumice-fall phase, and most culminated with emplacement of pyroclastic flows. Pyroclastic flows of at least six eruptions deposited proximal lag deposits exposed widely in the caldera wall. The lag deposits include coarse-grained lithic breccias (andesitic to rhyodacitic eruptions) and spatter agglomerates (andesitic eruptions only). Facies associations between lithic breccia, spatter agglomerate, and ignimbrite from the same eruption can be very complex. For some eruptions, lag deposits provide the only evidence for pyroclastic flows, because most of the ignimbrite is buried on the lower flanks of Santorini or under the sea. At least eight eruptions tapped compositionally heterogeneous magma chambers, producing deposits with a range of zoning patterns and compositional gaps. Three eruptions display a silicic–silicic + mafic–silicic zoning not previously reported. Four eruptions vented large volumes of dacitic or rhyodacitic pumice, and may account for 90% or more of all silicic magma discharged from Santorini. The Thera Pyroclastic Formation and coeval lavas record two major mafic-to-silicic cycles of Santorini volcanism. Each cycle commenced with explosive eruptions of andesite or dacite, accompanied by construction of composite shields and stratocones, and culminated in a pair of major dacitic or rhyodacitic eruptions. Sequences of scoria and ash deposits occur between most of the twelve major members and record repeated stratocone or shield construction following a large explosive eruption.Volcanism at Santorini has focussed on a deep NE–SW basement fracture, which has acted as a pathway for magma ascent. At least four major explosive eruptions began at a vent complex on this fracture. Composite volcanoes constructed north of the fracture were dissected by at least three caldera-collapse events associated with the pyroclastic eruptions. Southern Santorini consists of pryoclastic ejecta draped over a pre-volcanic island and a ridge of early- to mid-Pleistocene volcanics. The southern half of the present-day caldera basin is a long-lived, essentially non-volcanic, depression, defined by topographic highs to the south and east, but deepened by subsidence associated with the main northern caldera complex, and is probably not a separate caldera.
Acritarch dating of latest Tremadoc – earliest Arenig (early Ordovician) sediments in the Carmarthen district, south Wales
Authors: Molyneux S. G. , Dorning K. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn acritarch assemblage from beds beneath the Ogof Hên Formation near Carmarthen (the ‘Login beds’) resembles assemblages from the Watch Hill Grits and underlying sediments of latest Tremadoc or earliest Arenig age in the Skiddaw Group of the English Lake District. We conclude that the Login acritarch assemblage is younger than at least some part of the late Tremadoc Angelina sedgwickii Biozone, but older than the early Arenig Didymograptus deflexus Biozone. Its occurrence may therefore coincide with that of the graptolite Tetragraptus approximatus. This is of particular significance in any attempt to define an internationally correlatable base for the Arenig Series in Britain.
The margin of a Middle Pleistocene ice advance at Tottenhill, Norfolk, England
Authors: Gibbard P. L. , West R. G. , Andrew R. , Pettit M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractExposures at Tottenhill quarry, west Norfolk, are described. Detailed sediment logs, lateral sediment distribution and facies relationships are presented, together with palaeocurrent measurements and pebble counts. It is concluded that the sequence represents a delta-like subaquatic fan accumulation that was deposited by glacier meltwater at the eastern margin of the present Fenland. The ice must have entered the area from the west to northwest. An arctic leaf flora is associated with still water pool sediments within the fan sequence. Pollen assemblages appear to be largely derived by reworking from underlying in situ temperate stage sediments which are correlated with the Hoxnian Stage.The age of the deposits is discussed and it is concluded that the glaciation concerned must date from the early part of the Wolstonian Stage on the basis of the previously established stratigraphical sequence in the area.
Field and biostratigraphic evidence for an unconformity at the base of the Eycott Volcanic Group in the English Lake District
Authors: Millward David , Molyneux Stewart G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Eycott Volcanic Group of the Lake District Lower Palaeozoic inlier consists of basaltic and andesite and and andesite sheets and associated, mainly coarse, volcaniclastic rocks. The volcanic rocks have been regarded previously as interdigitated with, and equivalent in age to, mudrocks of the upper part of the Skiddaw Group (Tremadoc–Llanvirn). Microfloral evidence has been quoted in support of this interpretation, but has not been substantiated by re-assessment of the critical data. Furthermore, a recent examination of the base of the Eycott Volcanic Group has shown that it rests with angular unconformity on the Skiddaw Group. Skiddaw Group rocks beneath the unconformity range in age from possible late Cambrian to early Llanvirn. The lowest part of the Eycott Volcanic Group, the Over Water Formation, consists of siltstones and tuffaceous sandstones yielding a diverse microflora, and is intercalated with two andesite sheets interpreted herein as sills. Since the currently accepted Llanvirn age for the Eycott Volcanic Group cannot be confirmed, the volcanism may have been penecontemporaneous with the Llandeilo–Caradoc Borrowdale Volcanic Group episode. There are implications for a pre-volcanic tectonic deformation episode.
The oldest South American ichthyosaur from the late Triassic of northern Chile
Authors: Suarez M. , Bell C. M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIchthyosaur remains found in late Triassic shallow marine limestones in Quebrada Doña Inés Chica (latitude 26° 07′ S; longitude 69° 20′ W), northern Chile, are the oldest known ichthyosaur fossils from Central and South America. The previous oldest South American ichthyosaur was recorded in Hettangian rocks, also from northern Chile. The fossils comprise five worn teeth, one paddle bone and one scapula or humerus fragment, all collected from a single bed at the same locality. Although the material has not been identified to a generic or specific level, its presence alone broadens the knowledge of the distribution and habitat of Triassic ichthyosaurs. Late Triassic ammonites and brachiopods in the same stratum provide the age control.
The Ny Friesland Orogen, Spitsbergen
Authors: Harland W. B. , Scott R. A. , Auckland K. A. , Snape I. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Caledonides of Ny Friesland comprise the type Hecla Hoek sequence of Svalbard, a succession of late Proterozoic to Ordovician strata greater than 18 km thick. Three supergroups constitute the sequence: the Stubendorffbreen Supergroup (Riphean), the Lomfjorden Supergroup (late Riphean-Sturtian) and the Hinlopenstretet Supergroup (Varanger-mid-Ordovician). Basement elements have recently been identified within the Stubendorffbreen Supergroup, but their extent and significance is yet to be established. The Stubendorffbreen Supergroup records the deposition of sediments and volcanics (both acid and basic) in an unstable marine environment. In contrast, the Lomfjorden and Hinlopenstretet supergroups record sedimentation in a shallow-marine, periodically emergent, stable environment without volcanism. The Ny Friesland Orogen is divided into two subterranes by the Veteranen Line, a zone of attenuation along which sinistral strike-slip displacement has occurred. This line separates the strongly deformed Stubendorffbreen Supergroup rocks in the west from the less-intensely deformed Lomfjorden and Hinlopenstretet supergroup rocks in the east. Despite these contrasts and the obvious displacement, there is no evidence that a significant stratigraphie break occurs across it.All the supergroups were deformed and metamorphosed during the late Ordovician-Silurian Ny Friesland Orogeny. Early compressional deformation produced isoclinal folding and nappes in the Stubendorffbreen Supergroup rocks, accompanied by amphibolite faciès metamorphism; deformation in the Lomfjorden and Hinlopenstretet supergroups was less intense with open, upright folds and greenschist or subgreenschist facies metamorphism. Early compression was followed by a Silurian transpressive deformation that generated a pervasive lineation in the Stubendorffbreen Supergroup rocks. Transpressive deformation and the associated sinistral strike-slip was focused where strata were in a near-vertical attitude conducive to displacement. At a late stage in the orogeny, and probably still under a strike-slip regime, batholiths were emplaced into rocks east of the Veteranen Line.As a result of continued sinistral displacement (transpression, transcurrence and transtension) along the Billefjorden Fault Zone, Ny Friesland (part of the Eastern Province of Svalbard) finally docked against the Central Province during the late Devonian Svalbardian movements. At the same time, the Central Province docked against the Western Province. In total, hundreds of kilometres of Caledonian displacement along the Billefjorden Fault Zone brought the Eastern and Central provinces into their present positions. Pre-Carboniferous Svalbard is thus a composite terrane of at least three provinces, each comprising more than one minor terrane.
Cretaceous ammonites from Fuerteventura, Canary Islands
Authors: Renz Otto , Bernoulli Daniel , Hottinger Lukas 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMesozoic deep-water sediments occurring on the island of Fuerteventura were deposited near the continent–ocean boundary adjacent to the African margin. During Tertiary times, they were uplifted and intruded by ultramafic, mafic and alkaline plutons and dykes and are now exposed as part of the ‘Basal Complex’ of the island. These sediments reflect more or less continuous hemipelagic and turbiditic deposition during most of Jurassic and Cretaceous times. Two ammonites, described in this paper, document a Valanginian to Hauterivian age for part of the Lower Cretaceous siliciclastic turbidites, and a latest Albian to early Cenomanian age for part of the Upper Cretaceous hemipelagic limestones.