bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental Reactions to Toddlers' Negative Emotions and Child Negative Emotionality as Correlates of Problem Behavior at the Age of Three
Authors: Engle Jennifer M. , McElwain Nancy L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract Parent‐reported reactions to children's negative emotions and child negative emotionality were investigated as correlates of internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Children (N = 107) and their parents participated in a short‐term longitudinal study of social development. Mothers and fathers independently completed questionnaires assessing parental reactions to their child's negative emotions and child negative emotionality at Time 1 (33 months) and child behavior problems at Time 2 (39 months). Child negative emotionality was significantly related to greater internalizing and externalizing behavior. Maternal and paternal punitive reactions were related to greater internalizing behavior, but only for boys with high levels of negative emotionality. Results indicate that child temperament and child gender may be important moderators of the relation between parental emotion socialization and child internalizing problems during the toddler and early preschool years.
Quality of life, caregiver burden and insurance in patients with Parkinson’s disease in Germany
Authors: Müller T. , Woitalla D. 
Published: April 2010

Background:  German health politicians claim that maintenance and thus quality of life (QoL) of patients with chronic disease do not differ between the various healthcare insurance systems in Germany. Patient organizations i.e. the Deutsche Parkinson Vereinigung for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), physicians, patients themselves and their carers controversially discuss this opinion making by politicians.Methods:  We performed a survey to analyse the relations between QoL, insurance, disability and caregiver burden in 2603 patients with PD and their carers.Results:  Insurance with private reimbursement provides a significant better self‐reported patient disability and QoL according to the various employed rating instruments in patients with PD. Government employees with PD, who have additional private insurance, demand for significant shorter intervals of care giving by their carers. In general, caregiver burden did not significantly differ between patients with PD of the different healthcare insurance systems.Conclusion:  At least in Germany, obligatory medical insurance with associated state regulation of health care is inferior to private reimbursement insurance in various domains of QoL.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: gender differences in the use of mechanical ventilation
Authors: Tollefsen E. , Midgren B. , Bakke P. , Fondenes O. 
Published: April 2010

Background and purpose:  Invasive and non‐invasive mechanical ventilation are therapeutic options in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Related to known national ALS incidence figures, the study aims to examine gender aspects versus physiological data in patients with ALS commencing mechanical ventilation.Methods:  Data from two nationwide registers involving all patients with ALS in Norway and Sweden who started invasive and non‐invasive mechanical ventilation during 2002–2007.Results:  The total ALS population on invasive and non‐invasive mechanical ventilation comprised n = 308 subjects [Norway n = 96 (72% men), Sweden n = 212 (69% men)]. Compared to Swedish ALS incidence figures, our finding of a male/female ratio of 2.3/1 in patients with ALS on invasive and non‐invasive mechanical ventilation shows a statistically significant male predominance in the use of mechanical ventilation (P‐value 0.0084 Chi square). Only 6.7% of men and 3.8% of women had invasive (via tracheotomy) ventilation (P = 0.344). Initiation of mechanical ventilation was acute (not planned) in 18% of patients (no gender difference). Age distribution (mean age 62), pulmonary function tests (FVC%pred, FEV1%pred), daytime blood gas analyses (PaO2, PaCO2) and survival revealed no statistically significant gender differences.Conclusion:  In Norwegian and Swedish patients with ALS on invasive and non‐invasive mechanical ventilation, two‐thirds were men. Associated with known national ALS male/female incidence figures, our finding shows that statistically significantly more men than women with ALS are using mechanical ventilation. Physiological data and survival were equal in both genders. This may indicate the need for a more aggressive approach to stimulate mechanical ventilation in female patients with ALS.
Developing a New Framework to Explain Transverse Evolution of Knowledge‐Driven Regional Policy Networks
Authors: BARRUTIA JOSÉ M. , ECHEBARRIA CARMEN 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe need to analyse policy networks (PNs) from an evolutionary perspective has been pinpointed by the three traditions of network research as one of the main gaps in the study of networking. This article examines successful networking practices in the Basque Country over an 18‐year period, taking in cluster associations, quality promotion and Local Agenda 21 promotion. Based on the Basque experience and on previous knowledge of PNs, we develop a new framework that explains their transverse evolution. We propose that asymmetric motivation, power dispersion and previous success are the main ‘disruptive drivers’ that explain why PNs come to life and evolve transversely by driving new PNs.RésuméLes trois axes traditionnels de recherches sur les réseaux ont établi la nécessité d'analyser les réseaux d'action publique dans leur évolution, cette perspective constituant l'une des grandes lacunes des études dans ce domaine. L'article examine les pratiques efficaces de création de réseaux au sein du Pays basque sur une période de dix‐huit ans, en englobant pôles économiques, valorisation de la démarche Qualité et promotion de l'Agenda 21 local. À partir de l'expérience basque et des connaissances existantes sur les réseaux de politique publique, un nouveau cadre est élaboré pour expliquer l'évolution transversale de ces réseaux. L'asymétrie des motivations, la dispersion du pouvoir et les réussites antérieures constituent les principaux ‘facteurs de rupture’ qui éclairent la naissance des réseaux d'action publique et leur évolution transversale en suscitant à leur tour de nouveaux réseaux.
Transnationalism as a Force for Ethnic Minority Enterprise? The Case of Somalis in Leicester
Authors: JONES TREVOR , RAM MONDER , THEODORAKOPOULOS NICK 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe extant literature on the phenomenon of transnational entrepreneurship has documented that in an era characterized by ‘superdiversity’, ethnic minorities use their diasporic networks to access an array of valuable resources in order to facilitate entrepreneurial activity. The article examines the connection between the notions of ‘superdiversity’, transnationalism and entrepreneurship by illuminating the dynamics of ‘transnational’ Somali business activity in Leicester. Considering this as a critical case, we attempt to address a gap in the literature on ethnic minority enterprise, which has struggled to address the ‘diversification of diversity’ that attends the arrival of new communities in the UK. Moreover, the article contributes to the discussion on the importance of ‘conditioning factors’ in explaining the ‘integration’ of new arrivals. Although familial and co‐ethnic ties influence the availability and interaction of social, financial and human capital, this falls considerably short of neoliberal depictions of globalization. The political‐economic context imposes harsh constraints upon Somali business activity which cannot be circumvented by the utilization of diasporic links, and transnational entrepreneurship is likely to be the preserve of a minority of minorities.Résumé La littérature existante sur le phénomène de l'entreprenariat transnational a montré qu'à une époque empreinte de ‘superdiversité’, les minorités ethniques utilisent les réseaux de leur diaspora pour accéder à tout un ensemble de ressources précieuses pour faciliter l'activité entrepreneuriale. L'article examine le lien entre les notions de ‘superdiversité’, de transnationalisme et d'initiative entrepreneuriale en éclairant la dynamique de l'activitééconomique ‘transnationale’ somalienne à Leicester. Considérant ce cas comme critique, ce travail tente de combler une lacune dans les recherches sur l'entreprise au sein des minorités ethniques, ces études n'ayant pas réussi à traiter la ‘diversification de la diversité’ résultant de l'arrivée de nouvelles communautés au Royaume‐Uni. En outre, l'article contribue à la discussion sur l'importance des ‘facteurs de conditionnement’ dans l'explication de ‘l'intégration’ de nouveaux arrivants. Même si les liens familiaux et la co‐ethnicité influencent la disponibilité et l'interaction du capital social, financier et humain, l'ensemble est très loin des représentations néolibérales de la mondialisation. Le contexte politico‐économique impose des contraintes sévères sur l'activitééconomique des Somaliens, contraintes qui ne peuvent être contournées en recourant au réseau de la diaspora, et l'entreprenariat transnational risque donc d'être réservéà une minorité de minorités.
Expression of extracellular matrix proteins in reticular variant of mid‐dermal elastolysis
Authors: Gambichler T , Stücker M , Kreuter A , Matip R , Gaifullina R , Scola N , Skrygan M 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground  Mid‐dermal elastolysis (MDE) is a rare disorder of the elastic tissue that is characterized histopathologically by selective loss of elastic fibres in the mid dermis.Objective  We aimed to investigate the protein and mRNA expression of extracellular matrix‐related proteins and growth factors in the skin (lesional and non‐lesional) of a female patient with the reticular variant of MDE.Methods  Real‐time RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry was performed for matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1, decorin, biglycan, versican, fibronectin, elastin, extracellular matrix protein 1, cathepsin G, transforming growth factor ß1 and connective tissue growth factor.Results  Although protein expression of decorin, biglycan and versican was reduced in the mid dermis of lesional skin, mRNA expression did not differ between lesional and non‐lesional skin. As expected, elastin expression was significantly diminished in the mid dermis of lesional skin, whereas mRNA expression levels of elastin were equal to non‐lesional skin. Immunoreactivity of MMP‐1 was increased in lesional upper and mid dermis. Accordingly, MMP‐1 mRNA was also significantly higher expressed in MDE when compared with non‐lesional skin.Conclusions  The results of this study confirm data of the previous investigations indicating that increased MMP‐1 activity followed by elastin degradation seems to constitute the pathogenetic background of MDE.
TLR2 activation inhibits embryonic neural progenitor cell proliferation
Authors: Okun Eitan , Griffioen Kathleen J. , Gen Son Tae , Lee Jong‐Hwan , Roberts Nicholas J. , Mughal Mohamed R. , Hutchison Emmette , Cheng Aiwu , Arumugam Thiruma V. , Lathia Justin D. , van Praag Henriette , Mattson Mark P. 
Published: April 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 462–474.AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLRs) play essential roles in innate immunity, and increasing evidence indicates that these receptors are expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the brain, where they mediate responses to infection, stress, and injury. To address the possibility that TLR2 heterodimer activation could affect progenitor cells in the developing brain, we analyzed the expression of TLR2 throughout mouse cortical development, and assessed the role of TLR2 heterodimer activation in neuronal progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation. TLR2 mRNA and protein was expressed in the cortex in embryonic and early postnatal stages of development, and in cultured cortical NPC. While NPC from TLR2‐deficient and wild type embryos had the same proliferative capacity, TLR2 activation by the synthetic bacterial lipopeptides Pam3CSK4 and FSL1, or low molecular weight hyaluronan, an endogenous ligand for TLR2, inhibited neurosphere formation in vitro. Intracerebral in utero administration of TLR2 ligands resulted in ventricular dysgenesis characterized by increased ventricle size, reduced proliferative area around the ventricles, increased cell density, an increase in phospho‐histone 3 cells, and a decrease in BrdU+ cells in the sub‐ventricular zone. Our findings indicate that loss of TLR2 does not result in defects in cerebral development. However, TLR2 is expressed and functional in the developing telencephalon from early embryonic stages and infectious agent‐related activation of TLR2 inhibits NPC proliferation. TLR2‐mediated inhibition of NPC proliferation may therefore be a mechanism by which infection, ischemia, and inflammation adversely affect brain development.
Neuroprotection against superoxide anion radical by metallocorroles in cellular and murine models of optic neuropathy
Authors: Kanamori Akiyasu , Catrinescu Maria‐Magdalena , Mahammed Atif , Gross Zeev , Levin Leonard A. 
Published: April 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)114, 488–498.AbstractCorroles are tetrapyrrolic macrocycles that have come under increased attention because of their unique capabilities for oxidation catalysis, reduction catalysis, and biomedical applications. Corrole‐metal complexes (metallocorroles) can decompose certain reactive oxygen species (ROS), similar to metalloporphyrins. We investigated whether Fe‐, Mn‐, and Ga‐corroles have neuroprotective effects on neurons and correlated this with superoxide scavenging activityin vitroandin vivo. Apoptosis was induced in retinal ganglion cell‐5 neuronal precursor cells by serum deprivation. Cell death was measured with sodium 3′‐[1‐[(phenylamino)‐carbonyl]‐3,4‐tetrazolium]‐bis (4‐methoxy‐6‐nitro) benzene‐sulfonic acid hydrate and calcein‐AM/propidium iodide assays. Fe‐ and Mn‐corroles, but not the non‐redox‐active Ga‐corrole used as control, reduced RGC‐5 cell death after serum deprivation. Serum deprivation caused increased levels of intracellular superoxide, detected by an increase in the fluorescence intensity of 2‐hydroxyethidium, and this was blocked by Fe‐ and Mn‐corroles, but not Ga‐corrole.In vivoreal‐time confocal imaging of retinas after optic nerve transection assessed the superoxide production within individual rat retinal ganglion cells. Fe‐ and Mn‐corroles, but not Ga‐corrole, scavenged neuronal superoxidein vivo. Given that the neuroprotective activity of metallocorroles correlated with superoxide scavenging activity, Fe‐ and Mn‐corroles could be candidate drugs for delaying neuronal death after axonal injury in optic neuropathies, such as glaucoma.
KATP channel blockade protects midbrain dopamine neurons by repressing a glia‐to‐neuron signaling cascade that ultimately disrupts mitochondrial calcium homeostasis
Authors: Toulorge Damien , Guerreiro Serge , Hirsch Etienne C. , Michel Patrick P. 
Published: April 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 583–564.AbstractWhile KATP channels serve primarily as metabolic gatekeepers in excitable cells, they might also participate in other important cellular functions. Here, we demonstrate that KATP channel blockade with the sulfonylurea derivative glibenclamide provided robust protection to dopamine neurons undergoing spontaneous and selective degeneration in midbrain cultures. Unexpectedly, glibenclamide operated not by a direct effect on dopamine neurons but instead by halting the proliferation of a population of immature glial cells lacking astrocytic and microglial markers. The antimitotic effect of glibenclamide appeared essential to unmask a prosurvival phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt‐dependent signaling pathway that controlled shuttling of calcium from endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria in dopamine neurons. Preventing integrin‐ligand interactions with a decoy ligand, the Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser sequence peptide, reproduced survival promotion by glibenclamide via a mechanism that also required PI3K/Akt‐dependent regulation of mitochondrial calcium. Noticeably, Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser did not cause a reduction in glial cell numbers indicating that it prevented the death process downstream of the level at which glibenclamide intervenes. Based on these results, we propose that KATP channel blockade protected dopamine neurons by inhibiting a glia‐to‐neuron signaling pathway that propagates through integrin/ligand interactions and ultimately disrupts PI3K/Akt‐dependent signaling and mitochondrial calcium homeostasis.
drr‐2 encodes an eIF4H that acts downstream of TOR in diet‐restriction‐induced longevity of C. elegans
Authors: Ching Tsui‐Ting , Paal Alisha B. , Mehta Avni , Zhong Linda , Hsu Ao‐Lin 
Published: April 2010

SummaryDietary restriction (DR) results in a robust increase in lifespan while maintaining the physiology of much younger animals in a wide range of species. Here, we examine the role of drr‐2, a DR‐responsive gene recently identified, in determining the longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans. Inhibition of drr‐2 has been shown to increase longevity. However, the molecular mechanisms by which drr‐2 influences longevity remain unknown. We report here that drr‐2 encodes an ortholog of human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4H (eIF4H), whose function is to mediate the initiation step of mRNA translation. The molecular function of DRR‐2 is validated by the association of DRR‐2 with polysomes and by the decreased rate of protein synthesis observed in drr‐2 knockdown animals. Previous studies have also suggested that DR might trigger a regulated reduction in drr‐2 expression to initiate its longevity response. By examining the effect of increasing drr‐2 expression on DR animals, we find that drr‐2 is essential for a large portion of the longevity response to DR. The nutrient‐sensing target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway has been shown to mediate the longevity effects of DR in C. elegans. Results from our genetic analyses suggest that eIF4H/DRR‐2 functions downstream of TOR, but in parallel to the S6K/PHA‐4 pathway to mediate the lifespan effects of DR. Together, our findings reveal an important role for eIF4H/drr‐2 in the TOR‐mediated longevity responses to DR.
α1‐Adrenoceptor‐mediated contraction of rat aorta is partly mediated via transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: Ulu N , Gurdal H , Landheer SW , Duin M , Guc MO , Buikema H , Henning RH 
Published: April 2010

Background and purpose:  High level of plasma catecholamines is a risk factor for vascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Catecholamines induce hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle through α1‐adrenoceptors, which in cell culture involves the transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We hypothesized that EGFR transactivation was also involved in contractions of rat aorta mediated by α1‐adrenoceptors.Experimental approach:  Thoracic aorta was isolated from 12–14 week old male Wistar rats. In vitro aortic contractile responses to cumulative doses of phenylephrine were characterized in the absence and presence of the EGFR kinase inhibitors, AG1478 and DAPH, in intact and endothelium‐denuded rings. Involvement of signal transduction pathways was investigated by using heparin and inhibitors of Src, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and phosphatidyl inositol 3‐kinase (PI3K). Phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2 was measured after short‐term phenylephrine or EGF stimulation in aorta segments in the presence of AG1478 and the PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin.Key results:  AG1478 and DAPH concentration dependently attenuated phenylephrine‐induced contractile responses in intact or endothelium‐denuded aortic rings. Inhibition of PI3K (wortmannin and LY294002) but not heparin or inhibitors of Src or MMP, prevented the effect of AG1478 on the responses to phenylephrine. Phenylephrine induced phosphorylation of EGFR, which was partially blocked by AG1478. Phenylephrine also increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, time‐dependently and was blocked by AG1478 and wortmannin.Conclusions and implications:  Contractions of rat thoracic aorta mediated by α1‐adrenoceptors involved transactivation of EGFR, mediated via a PI3K and ERK1/2 dependent pathway.
Microtomographic Porosity Determination in Alginate Mixed with Various Methods
Authors: Hamilton Martin J. , Vandewalle Kraig S. , Roberts Howard W. , Hamilton Garrett J. , Lien Wen 
Published: April 2010

Abstract Purpose: Mechanical spatulation of alginate impression materials reportedly produces fewer voids and superior casts than hand mixing. Two current methods of alginate mechanical preparation are a vacuum mixer Vac‐U‐Vestor, (Whip Mix Corp, Louisville, KY) and a semiautomated method that involves hand spatulation in a rotating bowl Alginator II (Cadco, Oxnard, CA). A new alginate‐mixing machine has been introduced, TurboMax (Dentsply Raintree Essex, Sarasota, FL), with a centrifugal‐spinning action that reportedly incorporates the alginate powder into the water more efficiently. The purpose of this study was to determine the number, percent, and volume distribution of porosities in alginate mixed with three mechanical‐mixing methods using a nondestructive, microtomographic analysis method. Materials and Methods: Alginate was mixed by each of the three mechanical methods per respective manufacturer's guidelines, with the set alginate analyzed using a microtomography unit and proprietary software. A mean and standard deviation was determined per group and analyzed with Kruskal‐Wallis ANOVA/Mann‐Whitney tests. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found between groups per each of the three testing parameters (number, percent, volume distribution of porosities). The vacuum mixer produced significantly less percent porosity and number of porosities than the centrifugal mixer and semiautomated hand mixer. Both the vacuum mixer and centrifugal mixer produced porosities of significantly smaller volume than the semiautomated hand mixer. Conclusion: Of the three mechanical mixing methods, the vacuum mixer had the best performance overall in reducing the number, percent, and volume of porosities in the mixed alginate.
Reasons for treating secondary AML as de novo AML
Authors: Østgård Lene Sofie Granfeldt , Kjeldsen Eigil , Holm Mette Skov , Brown Peter De Nully , Pedersen Bjarne Bach , Bendix Knud , Johansen Preben , Kristensen Jørgen Schøler , Nørgaard Jan Maxwell 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn a Danish bi‐regional registry‐based study, we conducted an analysis of the incidence and clinical importance of secondary acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). In a total of 630 cases of AML, we found 157 (25%) cases of secondary AML. The secondary leukaemia arose from MDS (myelodysplastic syndrome) in 77 cases (49%), CMPD (chronic myeloproliferative disorder) in 43 cases (27%) and was therapy‐related AML (t‐AML) in 37 cases (24%). Median age at diagnosis of AML was 69 yr in secondary cases when compared to 66 yr in de novo cases (P = 0.006). In univariate analyses, secondary AML was associated with an inferior complete remission (CR) rate (P = 0.008) and poorer overall survival (OS, P = 0.003) whereas in complete remitters, disease‐free survival (DFS) of secondary cases was equal to that of de novo cases. Interestingly, in all further analyses of CR‐rates, OS and DFS, when correcting for the influence of age, cytogenetic abnormalities, performance status and leucocyte count (WBC), presence of secondary AML completely lost prognostic significance. We conclude that the presence of secondary AML does not per se convey an unfavourable prognosis and that patients with secondary AML should be offered the chance of benefiting from treatment according to current frontline AML protocols.