bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography meaningful for estimating the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis?
Authors: Shigekawa Minoru , Yamao Kenji , Sawaki Akira , Hara Kazuo , Takagi Tadayuki , Bhatia Vikram , Nishio Masami , Tamaki Tsuneo , El‐Amin Hussein , Sayed Zain EL‐Abdeen Ahmed , Mizuno Nobumasa 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is often misdiagnosed as pancreatic cancer (PC). Both conditions accumulate 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), so FDG positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is not discriminatory. This study aimed to evaluate the pattern of FDG accumulation, and the change in FDG uptake after steroid treatment in AIP and PC.MethodsWe compared FDG‐PET patterns between 18 patients with AIP and 20 patients with PC, and also evaluated the short‐term changes in FDG uptake after steroid therapy.ResultsFDG uptake was observed in 88.9% in AIP and 90.0% in PC. FDG uptake in extra‐abdominal lymph nodes was seen more frequently in AIP, and uptake in salivary glands, eyes and biliary ducts was seen only in AIP. Follow‐up PET was performed in 6 AIP patients and in 3 PC patients. Changes in SUVmax after steroid therapy were estimated within 1 week in 5 AIP patients and in all 3 PC patients, retrospectively. In 4 AIP patients, the change in SUVmax was more than 10%. On the other hand, in PC, SUVmax increased or remained almost unchanged (within 10%).ConclusionsFDG‐PET pattern at baseline, and a decrease in FDG uptake after a short steroid trial can be useful for discriminating AIP from PC.
Diagnosis of glutathione synthetase deficiency in newborn screening
Authors: Simon E. , Vogel M. , Fingerhut R. , Ristoff E. , Mayatepek E. , Spiekerkötter U. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryGlutathione synthetase (GSS) deficiency is a rare disorder of glutathione metabolism with varying clinical severity. Patients may present with haemolytic anaemia alone or together with acidosis and central nervous system impairment. Diagnosis is made by clinical presentation and detection of elevated concentrations of 5‐oxoproline in urine and low GSS activity in erythrocytes or cultured skin fibroblasts. Diagnosis can be confirmed by mutational analysis. Treatment consists of the correction of acidosis, blood transfusion, and supplementation with antioxidants. The most important determinants for outcome and survival in patients with GSS deficiency are early diagnosis and early initiation of treatment. The case of a newborn with GSS deficiency diagnosed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)‐based newborn screening is described. After onset of clinical symptoms on the 2nd day of life, expanded newborn screening revealed normal results for all disorders included in the German screening programme; however, selective MS/MS screening revealed a >10‐fold elevation of 5‐oxoproline in dried blood, leading to the presumptive diagnosis of GSS deficiency by the 5th day of life. Diagnosis was later confirmed by detection of markedly reduced glutathione concentration in erythrocytes and mutational analysis of the GSS gene. Presently, GSS deficiency is not included in newborn screening programmes in Europe. As outcome depends significantly on early start of treatment, routine inclusion of this disorder in newborn screening panels should be considered.
Terminalia belliricastimulates the secretion and action of insulin and inhibits starch digestion and protein glycationin vitro
Authors: Kasabri Violet , Flatt Peter R. , Abdel-Wahab Yasser H. A. 
Published: September 2009

Traditional plant treatments have been used throughout the world for the therapy of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and mode of action ofTerminalia belliricaused traditionally for the treatment of diabetes in India.T. belliricaaqueous extract stimulated basal insulin output and potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion concentration-dependently in the clonal pancreatic β-cell line, BRIN-BD11 (P < 0·001). The insulin-secretory activity of the plant extract was abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+and by inhibitors of cellular Ca2+uptake, diazoxide and verapamil (P < 0·001;n8). Furthermore, the extract did not increase insulin secretion in depolarised cells and did not further augment insulin secretion triggered by tolbutamide or glibenclamide.T. belliricaextract also displayed insulin-mimetic activity and enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by 300 %. At higher concentrations, the extract also produced a 10–50 % (P < 0·001) decrease in starch digestionin vitroand inhibited protein glycation (P < 0·001). The present study has revealed that components inT. belliricaextract stimulate insulin secretion, enhance insulin action and inhibit both protein glycation and starch digestion. The former actions are dependent on the active principle(s) in the plant being absorbed intact. Future work assessing the use ofT. belliricaas a dietary adjunct or as a source of active anti-diabetic agents may provide new opportunities for the treatment of diabetes.
Image-guided, endoscopic removal of migrated titanium dental implants from maxillary sinus: two cases
Authors: Ramotar H , Jaberoo M-C , Koo Ng N K F , Pulido M A , Saleh H A 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjective:We present two cases of dental implant migration into the maxillary sinus, with subsequent removal via image-guided, transnasal endoscopy.Method:Presentation of clinical cases, together with a literature review of alternative surgical techniques, the theories behind implant migration, and the benefits of an image-guided, endoscopic approach.Results:One patient was asymptomatic, and the other had begun to experience sinogenic symptoms after implant displacement. Both patients presented to the ENT clinic, and both underwent the BrainLab protocol to generate computed tomography images for navigational reconstruction. Transnasal endoscopy was carried out with this guidance, and the implants were removed successfully in both cases. Previously used surgical techniques such as the Caldwell-Luc procedure or extraction through the tooth socket have higher rates of conversion to open procedures, more damage to the nasal sinuses and higher post-operative complication rates compared with the transnasal endoscopic approach.Conclusion:Both patients underwent successful removal of their migrated dental implants with no complications, and neither required any follow-up intervention.
Evaluation of speech misattribution bias in schizophrenia
Authors: Stephane M. , Kuskowski M. , McClannahan K. , Surerus C. , Nelson K. 
Published: September 2009

BackgroundThe attribution of self-generated speech to others could explain the experience of verbal hallucinations. To test this hypothesis, we developed a task to simultaneously evaluate (A) operations of self-other distinction and (B) operations that have the same cognitive demands as in A apart from self-other distinction. By adjusting A to B, operations of self-other distinction were specifically evaluated.MethodThirty-nine schizophrenia patients and 26 matched healthy controls were required to distinguish between self-generated, other-generated and non-generated (self or other) sentences. The sentences were in the first, second or third person and were read in a male or female voice in equal proportions. Mixed multi-level logistic regression models were used to investigate the effect of group, sentence source, pronoun and gender of the heard sentences on response accuracy.ResultsPatients differed from controls in the recognition of self-generated and other-generated sentences but not in general recognition ability. Pronoun was a significant predictor of response accuracy but without any significant interaction with group. Differences in the gender of heard sentences were not significant. Misattribution bias differentiated groups only in the self-other direction.ConclusionsThese data support the theory that misattribution of self-generated speech to others could result in verbal hallucinations. The syntactic (pronoun) factor could impact self-other distinction in subtypes of verbal hallucinations that are phenomenologically defined whereas the acoustic factor (gender of heard speech) is unlikely to affect self-other distinction.
Specificity of cognitive biases in patients with current depression and remitted depression and in patients with asthma
Authors: Fritzsche A. , Dahme B. , Gotlib I. H. , Joormann J. , Magnussen H. , Watz H. , Nutzinger D. O. , von Leupoldt A. 
Published: September 2009

BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated a specific cognitive bias for sad stimuli in currently depressed patients; little is known, however, about whether this bias persists after recovery from the depressive episode. Depression is frequently observed in patients with asthma and is associated with a worse course of the disease. Given these high rates of co-morbidity, we could expect to observe a similar bias towards sad stimuli in patients with asthma.MethodWe therefore examined cognitive biases in memory and attention in 20 currently and 20 formerly depressed participants, 20 never-depressed patients diagnosed with asthma, and 20 healthy control participants. All participants completed three cognitive tasks: the self-referential encoding and incidental recall task, the emotion face dot-probe task and the emotional Stroop task.ResultsCompared with healthy participants, currently and formerly depressed participants, but not patients with asthma, exhibited specific biases for sad stimuli.ConclusionsThese results suggest that cognitive biases are evident in depression even after recovery from an acute episode but are not found in never-depressed patients with asthma.
The association of cognitive performance with mental health and physical functioning strengthens with age: the Whitehall II cohort study
Authors: Jokela M. , Singh-Manoux A. , Ferrie J. E. , Gimeno D. , Akbaraly T. N. , Shipley M. J. , Head J. , Elovainio M. , Marmot M. G. , Kivimäki M. 
Published: September 2009

BackgroundCognitive performance has been associated with mental and physical health, but it is unknown whether the strength of these associations changes with ageing and with age-related social transitions, such as retirement. We examined whether cognitive performance predicted mental and physical health from midlife to early old age.MethodParticipants were 5414 men and 2278 women from the Whitehall II cohort study followed for 15 years between 1991 and 2006. The age range included over the follow-up was from 40 to 75 years. Mental health and physical functioning were measured six times using SF-36 subscales. Cognitive performance was assessed three times using five cognitive tests assessing verbal and numerical reasoning, verbal memory, and phonemic and semantic fluency. Socio-economic status (SES) and retirement were included as covariates.ResultsHigh cognitive performance was associated with better mental health and physical functioning. Mental health differences associated with cognitive performance widened with age from 39 to 76 years of age, whereas physical functioning differences widened only between 39 and 60 years and not after 60 years of age. SES explained part of the widening differences in mental health and physical functioning before age 60. Cognitive performance was more strongly associated with mental health in retired than non-retired participants, which contributed to the widening differences after 60 years of age.ConclusionsThe strength of cognitive performance in predicting mental and physical health may increase from midlife to early old age, and these changes may be related to SES and age-related transitions, such as retirement.
Suicide in recently released prisoners: a case-control study
Authors: Pratt D. , Appleby L. , Piper M. , Webb R. , Shaw J. 
Published: September 2009

BackgroundRecently released prisoners are at markedly higher risk of suicide than the general population. The aim of this study was to identify key risk factors for suicide by offenders released from prisons in England and Wales.MethodAll suicides committed by offenders within 12 months of their release from prison in England and Wales, between 2000 and 2002, were identified. One control matched on gender and date of release from prison was recruited for each case. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression modelling identified key independent risk factors for suicide.ResultsOf 256 920 released prisoners, 384 suicides occurred within a year of release. Factors significantly associated with post-release suicide were increasing age over 25 years, released from a local prison, a history of alcohol misuse or self-harm, a psychiatric diagnosis, and requiring Community Mental Health Services (CMHS) follow-up after release from prison. Non-white ethnicity and a history of previous imprisonment were protective factors.ConclusionsThere is a need to improve the continuity of care for people who are released from prison and for community health, offender and social care agencies to coordinate care for these vulnerable individuals.
Sensitivity to conversational maxims in deaf and hearing children
Authors: SURIAN LUCA , TEDOLDI MARIANTONIA , SIEGAL MICHAEL 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTWe investigated whether access to a sign language affects the development of pragmatic competence in three groups of deaf children aged 6 to 11 years: native signers from deaf families receiving bimodal/bilingual instruction, native signers from deaf families receiving oralist instruction and late signers from hearing families receiving oralist instruction. The performance of these children was compared to a group of hearing children aged 6 to 7 years on a test designed to assess sensitivity to violations of conversational maxims. Native signers with bimodal/bilingual instruction were as able as the hearing children to detect violations that concern truthfulness (Maxim of Quality) and relevance (Maxim of Relation). On items involving these maxims, they outperformed both the late signers and native signers attending oralist schools. These results dovetail with previous findings on mindreading in deaf children and underscore the role of early conversational experience and instructional setting in the development of pragmatics.
Associations of plasma IL-8 levels withHelicobacter pyloriseropositivity, gastric atrophy, andIL-8T-251A genotypes
Authors: NAITO M. , EGUCHI H. , GOTO Y. , KONDO T. , NISHIO K. , ISHIDA Y. , KAWAI S. , OKADA R. , HISHIDA A. , WAKAI K. , HAMAJIMA N. 
Published: September 2009

SUMMARYThere are few data on circulatory pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and cytokine gene polymorphisms inH. pylori-positive patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the effects ofH. pyloriinfection, gastric atrophy, and theIL-8T-251A polymorphism on plasma IL-8 levels in 98 Japanese adults. Seventy-one subjects were positive forH. pyloriinfection. The geometric mean of plasma IL-8 concentration was significantly higher in subjects withH. pyloriinfection than in those without (P=0·001). The development of atrophy was negatively associated with IL-8 levels in theH. pylori-positive subjects, although not significantly. Plasma IL-8 levels in the T/T genotype were associated withH. pyloriinfection and atrophy status (P=0·016). Our findings suggested that circulating IL-8 levels were associated withH. pyloriinfection. The effect ofH. pyloriinfection on plasma IL-8 levels was not clearly modified by theIL-8T-251A polymorphism.
The utility of seroepidemiology for tracking trends in pertussis infection
Authors: QUINN H. E. , McINTYRE P. B. , BACKHOUSE J. L. , GIDDING H. F. , BROTHERTON J. , GILBERT G. L. 
Published: September 2009

SUMMARYComparing pertussis epidemiology over time and between countries is confounded by differences in diagnostic and notification practices. Standardized serological methods applied to population-based samples enhance comparability. Population prevalence of different levels of pertussis toxin IgG (PT IgG) antibody, measured by standardized methods, were compared by age group and region of Australia between 1997/1998 and 2002. The proportion of 5- to 9-year-olds with presumptive recent pertussis infection (based on IgG levels ⩾62·5 ELISA units/ml) significantly decreased in 2002, consistent with notification data for the same period and improved uptake of booster vaccines following the schedule change from whole-cell to acellular vaccine. In contrast, recent presumptive infection significantly increased in adults aged 35–49 years. Population-based serosurveillance using standardized PT IgG antibody assays has the potential to aid interpretation of trends in pertussis incidence in relation to vaccine programmes and between countries.
Quality of attachment and home environments in children prenatally exposed to PCP and cocaine
Authors: Rodning Carol , Beckwith Leila , Howard Judy 
Published: September 2009

AbstractQuality of attachment, disorganization in attachment, and the contribution of caregiver interactions in the home were investigated for infants prenatally exposed to PCP and cocaine and their caregivers. The drug-exposed infants were compared with infants of similar ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and living in the same geographical area of the city with non-substance-abusing mothers. The majority of drug-exposed infants were insecurely attached to their caregivers and did not differ in the percentage of security in the three caregiving environments in which the infants were growing up: biologic mother care, kinship care, or foster mother care. The majority of drug-exposed children were disorganized. Change in caregivers during the first year was not found to be related to the rate of insecurity in any of the caregiving environments. The majority of the non-drug-exposed comparison infants were securely attached, and only a small percentage were disorganized. The high incidence of insecurity in the drug-exposed group is discussed in relation to maternal and environmental circumstances that can alter the assumption of security in attachment for the majority of children and caregivers toward insecurity in attachment.
Attachment security in preschoolers with and without externalizing behavior problems: A replication
Authors: Greenberg Mark T. , Speltz Matthew L. , DeKlyen Michelle , Endriga Marya C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis study attempted to replicate previous findings that indicated that preschool-aged children with significant externalizing problems are more likely to have insecure attachment relations than nonproblem peers (Speltz, Greenberg, & DeKlyen, 1990). Fifty children (ages 3–6) and their mothers participated; 25 referred to a child psychiatry clinic for one of the DSM-IIIR Disruptive Behavior Disorders, and 25 matched comparisons without externalizing behavior problems. Attachment was measured at the time of referral using two separation and reunion sequences in a clinic context. We found that 80% of the clinic-referred children were classified as insecure, whereas only 28% of the comparisons were so classified (p <.001). Further, a high percentage of clinic insecure children showed a controlling pattern of attachment. Thus, the present study, with improved methodological rigor, provided an almost exact replication to previous results. The discussion focuses on what contribution attachment research can provide to a developmental psychopathology perspective on early externalizing disorders.
Patterns of individual adaptation across childhood
Authors: Urban Joan , Carlson Elizabeth , Egeland Byron , Sroufe L. Alan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractContinuity in individual patterns of adaptation and maladaptation was examined across the years from infancy to preadolescence. Forty-seven preadolescent subjects from a 15-year longitudinal study of children at risk for developmental problems participated. Subjects were intensively observed in a 4-week summer daycamp at age 10. Children were then rated on scales of agency, social skill, dependency, positive and negative affect, and ranked on emotional health. In addition, Q-sorts were performed to obtain an overall description of the child's personality, and observations were made of child-adult interactions. Significant differences were found between secure and insecure attachment groups on molar measures of adaptation including social competence and ego resiliency. Children with anxious histories were also rated higher on dependency and were found to be more frequently involved in interactions with adults than children with secure histories. In addition, differences were found in the patterns of adaptation exhibited by children with the two types of anxious attachment history. Children with resistant histories were found to be more often the recipients of adult-initiated contact, specifically support and nurturance, than were children with avoidant attachment histories. Comparison of overall personality style through correlations of composite counselor Q-sorts identified children with secure and resistant attachment histories as most like other children with the same attachment history. Results for avoidant children did not achieve significance. Patterns of contemporary child behavior revealed through counselor Q-sorts were also found to be related to theoretically derived predictions from patterns observed in infancy.
Attachment and depressive symptoms during adolescence: A developmental pathways analysis
Authors: Kobak R. Rogers , Sudler Nanette , Gamble Wendy 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article uses a developmental pathway model to consider the role of attachment processes in adolescents' reports of depressive symptoms. Teen attachments were assessed with both interview and observational methods. Assessments of teens' strategies in the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) indicated that insecure and preoccupied strategies were associated with increased reports of depressive symptoms. Observations of mother-teen problem-solving revealed that depressed teens engaged in interactions characterized by high levels of maternal dominance and dysfunctional anger. Maternal reports of teens' negative life events contributed additional variance to a regression model for depressive symptoms. Gender differences further specified pathways to depressive symptoms. Females reported more depressive symptoms, while depressed males engaged in problem-solving interactions characterized by high levels of dysfunctional anger. Competency-based treatments of depressive symptoms designed to improve parent-teen communication and meta-monitoring skills are discussed.
Family patterns of relationship in normative and dysfunctional families
Authors: Crittenden Patricia M. , Partridge Mary F. , Claussen Angelika H. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe relation among family relationships was explored for (a) couple pairings and (b) parent-child dyads. In S3 maltreating and adequate families, mothers' and male partners' quality of attachment (drawn from interviews) was compared with each other and with child quality of attachment (drawn from the Strange Situation). The notion of internal representational models, drawn from attachment theory, provided the basis for seeking continuity, that is, matches and meshes between partners and coherence from parent to child. Both concordance and discordance were found; in particular, a hypothesis of meshed adult relationships and parent-child transformations was supported. The conditions leading to meshed partnerships and transformed parent-to-child patterns require further study. In addition, the results suggest the need for greater incorporation of regulation of affect in assessment procedures, greater theory development, and precision in validation and application of assessment procedures. Finally, this study highlights the advantages of using atypical samples to explore aspects of normative development that are obscured in normative samples.