bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Savings and investment in South Asia
Authors: Wahid Abu N.M. , Salahuddin Mohammad , Noman Abdullah M. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to contribute to the study of the relationship between savings and investment in a panel of five South Asian countries.Design/methodology/approachA number of unit root tests such as Levin, Lin, and Chu or LLC, Breitung, Im, Pesaran, and Shin or IPS, Fisher‐type tests using ADF and Fisher‐type tests using PP tests are conducted that confirm the non‐stationarity of data. Then the paper applies maximum likelihood‐based panel cointegration method to examine the relationship between savings and investment using data on investment and savings for five South Asian developing countries, namely, Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka over the period 1973‐2007 compiled from the World Development Indicator (WDI) Database 2008 CD‐ROM.FindingsThe results obtained suggest that savings and investment are cointegrated, which implies that the Feldstein‐Horioka (F‐H) puzzle does not hold in this region. It is also found that most of these countries have maintained an international solvency condition.Originality/valueThis is another contribution that would enrich the existing literature on the F‐H puzzle. The paper includes data that involve the longest sample period. No other study, as of now, has employed the panel cointegration method to study the savings investment relationship in this region.
E‐books at BookExpo 2010
Authors: Cassell Kay Ann , Mercado Marina I. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on a visit to Book Expo 2010 which displayed a range of new and more seasoned vendors of e‐book technology and content.Design/methodology/approachReport based on visit to Book Expo.FindingsE‐books are quickly changing. New technology makes it possible to have content in color with a variety of formats as well as audio.Practical implicationsLibrarians must keep up with the many changes in the e‐book market.Originality/valueThis report identifies new e‐book vendors and new technology.
Delay‐discounting rewards from consumer sales promotions
Authors: Coker Kesha K. , Pillai Deepa , Balasubramanian Siva K. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeRewards from sales promotions may be either immediate (e.g. instant savings, coupons, instant rebates) or delayed (e.g. rebates, refunds). The latter type is of interest in this study. The purpose of this paper is to present the hyperbolic discounting framework as an explanation for how consumers delay‐discount rewards, and test whether this holds for both high‐price and low‐price product categories.Design/methodology/approachData were collected by administering two online surveys to respondents. One survey presented choice scenarios between sales promotion formats for a high‐priced product (a laptop, n=154) and the other for a low‐priced product (a cell phone, n=98). Hyperbolic and exponential functions were then fitted to the data.FindingsThe hyperbolic function had a better fit than the exponential function for the low‐priced product. However, this effect was not evident in the case of the high‐priced product; no significant difference was found between the functions. The rate of discounting was greater for the high‐priced product than for the low‐priced product. Thus, for low‐priced products, rather than discount a reward rationally, consumers tend to discount the value of the reward at a decreasing rate.Originality/valueThis study addresses delay discounting in the context of a typical consumer buying situation. It also addresses the possibility of consumers applying different forms of discounting to products at different price levels and tests for the same. The results are of considerable significance for marketers wishing to offer price discounts to consumers. For low‐priced products, marketers seem to have more flexibility in delaying the reward, since the rate of discounting decreases for longer delay periods. At the same time, the discount rate for high‐priced products is higher than that for low‐priced products, hence delay periods may have a more critical role as discounted values fall steeply with an increase in delay to reward.
Invested resource, competitive intellectual capital, and corporate performance
Authors: Cheng Meng‐Yuh , Lin Jer‐Yan , Hsiao Tzy‐Yih , Lin Thomas W. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeOn the health care industry, the paper aims to study the effects of intellectual capital, identify using an input‐process‐output concept of human, customer, innovative and process capitals, on company performances.Design/methodology/approachFrom a resource‐based and intellectual capital perspective, the structural path model is applied to financial data to analyze the six‐value creation relationships among the four components of intellectual capital, as well as the causal effects of intellectual capital on company performance.FindingsEmpirical findings suggest a significant relationship between intellectual capital and company performance. These results also suggest that innovative capacity and process reformation shall be considered first, and through the human value‐added of human capital, firms can improve their company's performance.Originality/valueThere have been many arguments as to whether intellectual capital is quantitatively measurable. This paper provides a tangible means of quantifying intellectual capital.
Prediction of recurrence using exfoliative cytology and melanoma‐associated antigen‐A mRNA analysis following wide excision of oral squamous cell carcinoma: short report
Authors: Mollaoglu N. , Metzler P. , Zenk J. , Nkenke E. , Neukam F. W. , Ries J. 
Published: November 2010

N. Mollaoglu, P. Metzler, J. Zenk, E. Nkenke, F. W. Neukam and J. Ries  Prediction of recurrence using exfoliative cytology and melanoma‐associated antigen‐A mRNA analysis following wide excision of oral squamous cell carcinoma: short reportBackground:  Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common cancer. The local recurrence of OSSC might result from the existence of occult cancer cells around tumour margins. Exfoliative cytology has lately gained great importance as a method for obtaining RNA samples from suspicious oral mucosal lesions in order to carry out molecular diagnosis. In addition, melanoma associated‐A antigens (MAGE‐A) are expressed in various tumours and their detection is a highly accurate sign that cancer cells are present.Objective:  The prediction of a recurrence using MAGE‐A mRNA expression analysis to follow‐up OSCC cases using a newly established molecular diagnostic technique applied to cytological materials.Methods:  RNA was extracted from three recurrent OSCC cases and from 20 healthy volunteers as a control group using a cytobrush. The expression of MAGE‐A3, A4, A6, A10 and A12 was investigated in these specimens using quantitative real‐time (RT‐PCR).Results:  There was no expression of MAGE‐A in the specimens of normal oral mucosa. However, the expression analysis of five different MAGE‐A genes indicated a high potential for malignant change in biopsy‐proven recurrent OSCC cases. Except for MAGE‐A10, the rest of the genes were expressed in different ratios by the three recurrent cases, which had been determined on histopathology to be OSCC or carcinoma in situ.Conclusion:  It is suggested that analysis of MAGE‐A expression may be used as a risk prediction method in the diagnosis of recurrence after wide excision of OSCC to enhance the accuracy of exfoliative cytology, which has limitations due to false negative and false positive results.
Obesity, weight loss and conditional cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Tzotzas T. , Evangelou P. , Kiortsis D. N. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryObesity is a pathological condition aggregating a substantial number of proatherogenic factors, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. In addition to these classic cardiometabolic risk factors, atherosclerosis may be aggravated by other non‐classic factors, which are characterized as conditional, including homocysteine, fibrinogen, lipoprotein(a), LDL particle size and high‐sensitivity CRP. Some of these biomarkers are disturbed in obesity because of a combination of dietary factors, hypertrophic adipose tissue, low‐grade inflammation, insulin resistance and other parameters under investigation. For the reduction of these risk factors, weight loss exceeding 10–20% of the initial body weight is probably necessary, achieved through either conventional lifestyle measures or more drastic interventions such as bariatric surgery. It has been shown that certain well‐balanced diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, constitute a means of improving in a concerted manner the levels of CRP, fibrinogen, homocysteine and small dense LDL particles, regardless of weight loss. The significance of considering these factors in weight management intervention is an issue that needs further investigation.
Urine concentrating mechanism in the inner medulla of the mammalian kidney: role of three‐dimensional architecture
Authors: Dantzler W. H. , Pannabecker T. L. , Layton A. T. , Layton H. E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe urine concentrating mechanism in the mammalian renal inner medulla (IM) is not understood, although it is generally considered to involve countercurrent flows in tubules and blood vessels. A possible role for the three‐dimensional relationships of these tubules and vessels in the concentrating process is suggested by recent reconstructions from serial sections labelled with antibodies to tubular and vascular proteins and mathematical models based on these studies. The reconstructions revealed that the lower 60% of each descending thin limb (DTL) of Henle’s loops lacks water channels (aquaporin‐1) and osmotic water permeability and ascending thin limbs (ATLs) begin with a prebend segment of constant length. In the outer zone of the IM (i) clusters of coalescing collecting ducts (CDs) form organizing motif for loops of Henle and vasa recta; (ii) DTLs and descending vasa recta (DVR) are arrayed outside CD clusters, whereas ATLs and ascending vasa recta (AVR) are uniformly distributed inside and outside clusters; (iii) within CD clusters, interstitial nodal spaces are formed by a CD on one side, AVR on two sides, and an ATL on the fourth side. These spaces may function as mixing chambers for urea from CDs and NaCl from ATLs. In the inner zone of the IM, cluster organization disappears and half of Henle’s loops have broad lateral bends wrapped around terminal CDs. Mathematical models based on these findings and involving solute mixing in the interstitial spaces can produce urine slightly more concentrated than that of a moderately antidiuretic rat but no higher.
Spt10 and Spt21 Are Required for Transcriptional Silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chang Jennifer S. , Winston Fred 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

In
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, transcriptional silencing occurs at three classes of genomic regions: near the telomeres, at the silent mating type loci, and within the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats. In all three cases, silencing depends upon several factors, including specific types of histone modifications. In this work we have investigated the roles in silencing for Spt10 and Spt21, two proteins previously shown to control transcription of particular histone genes. Building on a recent study showing that Spt10 is required for telomeric silencing, our results show that in both
spt10
and
spt21
mutants, silencing is reduced near telomeres and at
HML
α, while it is increased at the rDNA. Both
spt10
and
spt21
mutations cause modest effects on Sir protein recruitment and histone modifications at telomeric regions, and they cause significant changes in chromatin structure, as judged by its accessibility to dam methylase. These silencing and chromatin changes are not seen upon deletion of
HTA2-HTB2
, the primary histone locus regulated by Spt10 and Spt21. These results suggest that Spt10 and Spt21 control silencing in
S. cerevisiae
by altering chromatin structure through roles beyond the control of histone gene expression.
Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography and Microscopy for Ex Vivo Multiscale Evaluation of Human Breast Tissues
Authors: Zhou Chao , Cohen David W. , Wang Yihong , Lee Hsiang-Chieh , Mondelblatt Amy E. , Tsai Tsung-Han , Aguirre Aaron D. , Fujimoto James G. , Connolly James L. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) tissue imaging methods are expected to improve surgical management of cancer. In this study, we examined the feasibility of two 3D imaging technologies, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence microscopy (OCM), to view human breast specimens based on intrinsic optical contrast. Specifically, we imaged 44 ex vivo breast specimens including 34 benign and 10 malignant lesions with an integrated OCT and OCM system developed in our laboratory. The system enabled 4-μm axial resolution (OCT and OCM) with 14-μm (OCT) and 2-μm (OCM) transverse resolutions, respectively. OCT and OCM images were compared with corresponding histologic sections to identify characteristic features from benign and malignant breast lesions at multiple resolution scales. OCT and OCM provide complimentary information about tissue microstructure, thus showing distinctive patterns for adipose tissue, fibrous stroma, breast lobules and ducts, cysts and microcysts, as well as in situ and invasive carcinomas. The 3D imaging capability of OCT and OCM provided complementary information to individual 2D images, thereby allowing tracking features from different levels to identify low-contrast structures that were difficult to appreciate from single images alone. Our results lay the foundation for future in vivo optical evaluation of breast tissues, using OCT and OCM, which has the potential to guide core needle biopsies, assess surgical margins, and evaluate nodal involvement in breast cancer. Cancer Res; 70(24); 10071–9. ©2010 AACR.
Federal Trade Commission Actions on Prescription Drugs, 2000-2022
Authors: Daval C. Joseph Ross , Egilman Alexander C. , Sarpatwari Ameet , Kesselheim Aaron S. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceThe Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) oversight role in the pharmaceutical market is critical to the health of patients and the health care system. This study characterized the FTC’s policy on the pharmaceutical market in recent decades, identifying the types of actions it has favored, barriers it has faced, and authorities that remain untested.ObjectiveTo review FTC legal actions in the pharmaceutical market from 2000-2022.Evidence ReviewLegal actions were determined through manual review of search results from the FTC’s online Legal Library as well as a 2023 FTC report on pharmaceutical actions. The alleged misconduct, type of legal action taken, timing, and outcome were collected from press releases, complaints, orders, and other legal documents.FindingsFrom 2000-2022, the FTC challenged 62 mergers, brought 22 enforcement actions against allegedly unlawful business practices, and made 1 rule related to pharmaceuticals. Alleged misconduct in enforcement actions involved anticompetitive settlements in patent litigation (n = 11), unilateral actions by brand manufacturers to delay generic competition (n = 6), noncompete agreements (n = 4), and monopolization (n = 3), with 10 outcomes involving monetary payment, totaling $1.6 billion. Of the 62 mergers the FTC challenged, 61 were allowed to continue, 58 after divesting certain drugs to third-party competitors. The FTC’s reliance on drug divestitures decreased from 18 drugs per year from 2000-2017 to 4.3 per year from 2017-2023.Conclusions and RelevanceThe FTC brought about 1 enforcement action and 3 merger actions per year against pharmaceutical manufacturers from 2000-2022, pursuing a small fraction of the estimated misconduct and consolidation in the pharmaceutical marketplace. Although the FTC faces substantial legal and practical limitations, important tools remain untested, including a rule defining “unfair methods of competition,” that may allow it to more effectively prevent repetitive patterns of anticompetitive behavior.
Time- vs Step-Based Physical Activity Metrics for Health
Authors: Hamaya Rikuta , Shiroma Eric J. , Moore Christopher C. , Buring Julie E. , Evenson Kelly R. , Lee I-Min 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceCurrent US physical activity (PA) guidelines prescribe moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) time of at least 150 minutes per week for health. An analogous step-based recommendation has not been issued due to insufficient evidence.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of MVPA time and step counts with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study analyzed data from an ongoing follow-up study of surviving participants of the Women’s Health Study, a randomized clinical trial conducted from 1992 to 2004 in the US to evaluate use of low-dose aspirin and vitamin E for preventing cancer and CVD. Participants were 62 years or older who were free from CVD and cancer, completed annual questionnaires, and agreed to measure their PA with an accelerometer as part of a 2011-2015 ancillary study. Participants were followed up through December 31, 2022.ExposuresTime spent in MVPA and step counts, measured with an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe associations of MVPA time and step counts with all-cause mortality and CVD (composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and CVD mortality) adjusted for confounders. Cox proportional hazards regression models, restricted mean survival time differences, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the associations.ResultsA total of 14 399 women (mean [SD] age, 71.8 [5.6] years) were included. The median (IQR) MVPA time and step counts were 62 (20-149) minutes per week and 5183 (3691-7001) steps per day, respectively. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 9.0 (8.0-9.9) years, the hazard ratios (HR) per SD for all-cause mortality were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.75-0.90) for MVPA time and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.69-0.80) for step counts. Greater MVPA time and step counts (top 3 quartiles vs bottom quartile) were associated with a longer period free from death: 2.22 (95% CI, 1.58-2.85) months and 2.36 (95% CI, 1.73-2.99) months at 9 years follow-up, respectively. The AUCs for all-cause mortality from MVPA time and step counts were similar: 0.55 (95% CI, 0.52-0.57) for both metrics. Similar associations of these 2 metrics with CVD were observed.Conclusion and RelevanceResults of this study suggest that among females 62 years or older, MVPA time and step counts were qualitatively similar in their associations with all-cause mortality and CVD. Step count–based goals should be considered for future guidelines along with time-based goals, allowing for the accommodation of personal preferences.
Risk Factors and Mortality Among Women With Interval Breast Cancer vs Screen-Detected Breast Cancer
Authors: Song Huiyeon , Tran Thi Xuan Mai , Kim Soyeoun , Park Boyoung 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceThe risk factors for interval breast cancer (IBC) compared with those for screen-detected breast cancer (SBC) and their association with mortality outcomes have not yet been evaluated among Korean women.ObjectiveTo evaluate risk factors associated with IBC and survival among Korean women with IBC compared with those with SBC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Database. Women who participated in a national mammographic breast cancer screening program between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2012, were included. Mortality outcomes were calculated from the date of breast cancer diagnosis to the date of death or December 31, 2020. Data were analyzed from March 1 to June 30, 2023.ExposureBreast cancer diagnosed within 6 to 24 months after a negative screening result (ie, IBC) or within 6 months after a positive screening result (ie, SBC).Main Outcomes and MeasuresRisk factors and survival rates for IBC and SBC.ResultsThis study included 8702 women with IBC (mean [SD] age, 53.3 [8.6] years) and 9492 women with SBC (mean [SD] age, 54.1 [9.0] years). Compared with SBC, the probability of IBC decreased as mammographic density increased. Lower body mass index, menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use, and lack of family history of breast cancer were associated with a higher likelihood of IBC. When stratified by detection time, younger age at breast cancer diagnosis and family history of breast cancer were associated with an increased likelihood of IBC diagnosed at 6 to 12 months but a decreased likelihood of IBC diagnosed at 12 to 24 months. Overall mortality of IBC was comparable with SBC, but total mortality and cancer-related mortality of IBC diagnosed between 6 and 12 months was higher than that of SBC.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that breast density, obesity, and HRT use were associated with IBC compared with SBC. These findings also suggest that higher supplemental breast ultrasound use among Korean women, especially those with dense breasts, could be attributed to a lower incidence of IBC among women with dense breasts compared with women with SBC, due to greater detection. Finally, overall mortality of IBC was comparable with that of SBC.
Phosphatidylserine‐Incorporated Exosome Mimetics Encapsulating CXCR3 Antagonist Alleviate Osteoporosis
Authors: Kang Minjee , Li Zhi , Chang Insoon , Xu Changlu , Chiang Michelle , Kim Lauren , Wu Yutong , Fan Jiabing , Aghaloo Tara , Lee Min 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells are an active area of research due to their therapeutic potential in treating osteoporosis. To further harness their therapeutic performance in modulating bone resorption, equipped exosomes with osteoclast‐targeting moieties on their surface as well as chemokine receptor antagonists blocking osteoclast recruitment. Phosphatidylserine (PS), a membrane lipid exerting immunosuppressive and phagocytic signals, is incorporated in the membrane of exosome mimetics (EMs) to achieve a marked affinity for osteoclast precursors and potential anti‐resorptive effects. This is also aimed to tackle a CXCL9‐CXCR3 ligand‐receptor axis, a critical signaling axis in regulating osteoclast precursor recruitment and differentiation at bone resorption sites, by encapsulating a chemical antagonist of CXCR3, AMG487, in the PS‐incorporated EMs (PS‐EMs). The osteoclast‐targeting PS‐EMs loaded with AMG487 effectively protected against bone loss in an ovariectomized mouse model. These findings demonstrate the great promise of PS‐EMs as anti‐resorptive nanotherapies for alleviating osteoporosis.