bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material Culture in Pure Land Buddhist Practice
Authors: Marchman Kendall 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pure Land practitioners aim for rebirth in Sukhāvatī, Amitābha’s purified realm where inhabitants are guaranteed enlightenment. Although the most common contemporary Pure Land practice is nianfo 念佛 (Jp. nembutsu), keeping Amitābha in mind through chanting of his name, practitioners now and throughout history have created an abundant material culture to aid their practice. An analysis of these materials provides a more integrated view of Pure Land Buddhism, both past and present. This chapter introduces and considers the materials that have been critical to Pure Land practice across East Asia throughout its history: beans, rosaries, graphic representations (paintings, cave murals, mandalas), portable shrines, and monumental statues. Not only did these objects help Pure Land practitioners achieve their hope of being reborn in Sukhāvatī, but they also allowed them momentary experiences of Sukhāvatī through their imaginative practice. Thus, the objects helped transform spaces into the pure land.
Global War Finance in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Cappella Zielinski Rosella , Shea Patrick E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the landscape of war finance in the twenty-first century, emphasizing the globalized nature of funding mechanisms that support military operations across the world. War finance has shifted from a traditional, state-centric operation toward a more complex system involving a mix of state and non-state actors, leveraging global financial markets and technologies. The discussion highlights how these actors access international capital markets, utilize digital currencies, and engage in economic strategies that blur the lines between economic and military warfare. This comprehensive overview not only sheds light on the mechanisms of war financing in the modern era but also prompts a reevaluation of the implications for international security and economic policy.
Sanctions in an Era of Strategic Competition
Authors: Reddie Andrew W. , Walker Leah P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The rise of sanctions as a preferred tool of state power is indicative of the current complex, tightly coupled, and occasionally volatile world order. In the days prior to and the months following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the United States along with a number of other countries applied new rounds of sanctions on Moscow—some deepening those already implemented following Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 and others focused on elites with ties to the Kremlin. In theory, the pain of the sanctions regime should force Moscow to abandon its invasion and return to the status quo ante. The failure to achieve this policy outcome has renewed debates as to whether sanctions, despite being ubiquitous, represent an effective tool of economic statecraft. This chapter examines the theoretical literature surrounding the application of sanctions and pays particular attention to the question of whether existing theory needs to account for changing structural conditions in the international system.
John Calvin and Early Reformed Theology
Authors: Mosser Carl 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Huldrych Zwingli inscribed deification into the very first statements of Reformed theology. It is also attested in the writings of his counterparts in Basel and Strasbourg, Johannes Oecolampadius and Martin Bucer. John Calvin inherited the tradition forged by these first-generation Reformers and deepened it. According to Calvin, the end of the Gospel is “to deify us.” He explained what that means in concert with the Greek patristic tradition. Following precedents established by Irenaeus and Cyril of Alexandria, Calvin usually taught deification without recourse to technical vocabulary. In his view, union with God requires the imputation of Christ’s righteousness. While justification is a forensic act, it is inseparable from the transforming work of the Spirit. A few scholars contend Calvin could not have affirmed a soteriology of deification because early Reformed Christology rejects patristic teaching about the divinization of Christ’s humanity. That supposition is disproved.
Deification and Ecumenical Dialogues
Authors: Vainio Olli-Pekka 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The idea of deification has been discussed in various ecumenical dialogues since the 1970s. Initially this common point between the traditions was found in the Lutheran-Orthodox dialogues, but soon it was extended to Protestant-Catholic dialogues as well. Charismatic and Pentecostal theologies have also seen in deification a common denominator between their own lived experience and other theological traditions. Deification is perceived to be ecumenically fruitful because even if the term itself is not universally used, several traditions manifest similar biblical idea of salvation where the believers share the divine nature of Christ. The possible challenges that may hamper the use of deification in ecumenism include conflicting notions of deification in different traditions, for example, the connection between deification and other doctrines is perceived in different ways.
Dialogues with Jews and Muslims
Authors: George-Tvrtković Rita 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights select cases, both historical and contemporary, in which the concept of deification has been raised by Latin Christians engaged in conversation with Jews or Muslims. It begins with an analysis of a medieval dialogue on deification between a fifteenth-century Latin Christian, Nicholas of Cusa, and an imaginary Muslim interlocutor. The chapter then moves to contemporary Christian-Jewish and Christian-Muslim discussions of deification that are more extended and more authentically dialogical, since it is only in recent decades that comparative theologians have begun to write explicitly on this topic. While deification may not be a proper theological category for mainstream circles in Judaism and Islam, correlate terms are found in more mystical strains of each. One finds angelification, intellectual union, and sonship through works of the Law in Judaism, and Islam speaks of indwelling, spiritual perfection, and remembrance of God’s name.
In vitro to in vivo extrapolation from 3D hiPSC-derived cardiac microtissues and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to inform next-generation arrhythmia risk assessment
Authors: Daley Mark C , Moreau Marjory , Bronk Peter , Fisher Jeffrey , Kofron Celinda M , Mende Ulrike , McMullen Patrick , Choi Bum-Rak , Coulombe Kareen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Proarrhythmic cardiotoxicity remains a substantial barrier to drug development as well as a major global health challenge. In vitro human pluripotent stem cell-based new approach methodologies have been increasingly proposed and employed as alternatives to existing in vitro and in vivo models that do not accurately recapitulate human cardiac electrophysiology or cardiotoxicity risk. In this study, we expanded the capacity of our previously established 3D human cardiac microtissue model to perform quantitative risk assessment by combining it with a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model, allowing a direct comparison of potentially harmful concentrations predicted in vitro to in vivo therapeutic levels. This approach enabled the measurement of concentration responses and margins of exposure for 2 physiologically relevant metrics of proarrhythmic risk (i.e. action potential duration and triangulation assessed by optical mapping) across concentrations spanning 3 orders of magnitude. The combination of both metrics enabled accurate proarrhythmic risk assessment of 4 compounds with a range of known proarrhythmic risk profiles (i.e. quinidine, cisapride, ranolazine, and verapamil) and demonstrated close agreement with their known clinical effects. Action potential triangulation was found to be a more sensitive metric for predicting proarrhythmic risk associated with the primary mechanism of concern for pharmaceutical-induced fatal ventricular arrhythmias, delayed cardiac repolarization due to inhibition of the rapid delayed rectifier potassium channel, or hERG channel. This study advances human-induced pluripotent stem cell-based 3D cardiac tissue models as new approach methodologies that enable in vitro proarrhythmic risk assessment with high precision of quantitative metrics for understanding clinically relevant cardiotoxicity.
Altered oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers concentrations in pregnant individuals exposed to oil and gas sites in Northeastern British Columbia
Authors: Day Matthew W , Daley Coreen , Wu Yifan , Pathmaraj Maduomethaa , Verner Marc-André , Caron-Beaudoin Élyse 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Northeastern British Columbia is a region of prolific unconventional oil and gas (UOG) activity. UOG activity can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which can elevate oxidative stress and disrupt antioxidant activity in exposed pregnant individuals, potentially increasing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study measured biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in pooled urine samples of 85 pregnant individuals living in Northeastern British Columbia, to analyze associations between indoor air VOCs, oil and gas well density and proximity metrics, and biomarker concentrations. Concentrations of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase, total antioxidant capacity, 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (aMT6s), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 8-isoprostane were measured using assay kits. Associations between exposure metrics and biomarker concentrations were determined using multiple linear regression models adjusted for biomarker-specific covariables. UOG proximity was associated with decreased SOD and 8-OHdG. Decreased 8-OHdG was associated with increased proximity to all wells. Decreased aMT6s were observed with increased indoor air hexanal concentrations. MDA was negatively associated with indoor air 1,4-dioxane concentrations. No statistically significant associations were found between other biomarkers and exposure metrics. Although some associations linked oil and gas activity to altered oxidative stress and antioxidant activity, the possibility of chance findings due to the large number of tests cannot be discounted. This study shows that living near UOG wells may alter oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in pregnant individuals. More research is needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms and to what degree UOG activity affects oxidative stress and antioxidant activity.
Implementing the Brøset Violence Checklist in the ED
Authors: Lawrence John , Emory Johanna , Sousa Sara , Thompson Danielle , Jenkins Kenya , Bettencourt Amanda P. , McLaughlin Maureen Kirkpatrick , Russell-Babin Kathleen 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The emerging field of implementation science (IS) facilitates the sustainment of evidence-based practice in clinical care. This article, the second in a series on applying IS, describes how a nurse-led IS team at a multisite health system implemented the Brøset Violence Checklist—a validated, evidence-based tool to predict a patient's potential to become violent—in the system's adult EDs, with the aim of decreasing the rate of violence against staff. The authors discuss how they leveraged IS concepts, methods, and tools to achieve this goal.
A Core Outcome Set for Research Evaluating Interventions to Enable Communication in Patients With an Artificial Airway: An International Delphi Consensus Study (Comm-COS)
Authors: Freeman-Sanderson Amy , Brodsky Martin B. , Dale Craig , Gupta Anushua , Haines Kimberley , Happ Mary Beth , Hart Nicholas , Hemsley Bronwyn , Istanboulian Laura , Spronk Peter , Sullivan Rebecca , Sutt Anna-Liisa , Rose Louise 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Critically ill adults requiring artificial airways experience profound communication deficits. Studies of interventions supporting communication report disparate outcomes, creating subsequent challenges in the interpretation of their effectiveness. Therefore, we aimed to develop international consensus for a communication core outcome set (Comm-COS) for future trials of communication interventions in this population.

DESIGN:
1) Systematic review, 2) patient/family interviews, 3) two-round modified Delphi, and 4) virtual consensus meetings with a final voting round. A multidisciplinary expert steering committee oversaw all stages.

SETTING:
Interviews and consensus meetings were conducted via videoconferencing. Digital methods were used for Delphi and final Comm-COS voting.

SUBJECTS:
Three stakeholder groups: 1) patient and family members with lived experience within 3 years, 2) clinicians with experience working in critical care, and 3) researchers publishing in the field.

INTERVENTION:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We identified 59 outcomes via our systematic review, 3 unique outcomes from qualitative interviews, and 2 outcomes from our steering committee. Following item reduction, 32 outcomes were presented in Delphi round 1; 134 participants voted; 15 patient/family (11%), 91 clinicians (68%), and 28 researchers (21%). Nine additional outcomes were generated and added to round 2; 106 (81%) participants voted. Following completion of the consensus processes, the Comm-COS includes seven outcomes: 1) changes in emotions and wellbeing associated with ability to communicate, 2) physical impact of communication aid use, 3) time to functional communication, 4) ability to communicate healthcare needs (comfort/care/safety/decisions), 5) conversation agency, 6) ability to establish a communication connection to develop and maintain relationships, and 7) acceptability of the communication intervention.

CONCLUSIONS:
This is the first COS to specifically focus on communication for critically ill adults. Limitations for operationalization include selection of measures to use with these outcomes. Identification of suitable measures and adoption of the Comm-COS in future trials will help establish effective interventions to ameliorate the highly prevalent and negative experience of communicative incapacity.
Multidisciplinary treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma complicated by Vp4 portal vein tumor thrombosis: Combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy and radiotherapy: A case series
Authors: Yamaoka Kenji , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Fujii Yasutoshi , Uchikawa Shinsuke , Fujino Hatsue , Nakahara Takashi , Ohno Atsushi , Murakami Eisuke , Miki Daiki , Tsuge Masataka , Chosa Keigo , Awai Kazuo , Hirokawa Junichi , Nagata Yasushi , Oka Shiro 
Published: June 2024

Rationale:
Various treatments are available for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among HCC, Vp4 portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) has a poor prognosis. There have been reports of treatment with molecularly targeted agents in combination with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and radiotherapy (RT) in HCC patients with Vp4 PVTT, but none with atezolizumab, the immune checkpoint inhibitor. Here, we present cases of unresectable HCC with Vp4 PVTT that were treated with the combination atezolizumab and bevacizumab (Atezo + Bev) after HAIC and RT. The purpose and significance of this study are to research the usefulness to precede HAIC and RT in the treatment of HCC with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Patient concerns:
Sixty-six-year-old man, 74-year-old man, 83-year-old man, 69-year-old man, 62-year-old man, and 85-year-old woman were diagnosed with HCC with Vp4 PVTT.

Diagnosis:
Cirrhosis was classified as Child-Pugh class A or B. HCC was diagnosed as TNM stage IVa or IVb.

Interventions:
RT for PVTT was performed the same day or the day after HAIC. Atezo + Bev was started at least 1 week after RT was completed.

Outcomes:
Death was confirmed in 4 of the 6 patients; the median overall survival time was not reached. The survival times of the 4 patients were 18.7, 12.5, 5.1, and 1.7 months. Based on the modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors criteria, the objective response rate of patients with best tumor response to Atezo + Bev therapy was 66.7%, and that of patients with best response of PVVT to Atezo + Bev was 66.7%.

Lessons:
These cases showed that in HCC with Vp4 PVTT, HAIC, and RT before Atezo + Bev may be useful to prolong survival.
Assessment of the response to kidney patients’ needs in disaster-stricken Syria
Authors: Sekkarie Mohamed , Murad Lina , Alasfar Sami 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
The major fighting activities in the Syrian conflict have subsided, but the country continues to deal with significant political, economic, and psychosocial consequences that gravely impact the healthcare system, including the care of patients with kidney disease. The purpose of this manuscript is to review some of the problems faced by kidney patients in postconflict Syria and their available and proposed remedies.

Recent findings
Many challenges, such as unfair, poorly planned, and poorly organized distribution of resources, suboptimal quality-monitoring infrastructure, psychosocial barriers, and workforce shortages, impede the delivery of quality care and negatively impact outcomes. The negative impact of these problems is not uniform and tends to affect certain areas more than others because of geopolitical factors imposed by the conflict.

Summary
After prolonged conflicts, healthcare resources remain limited for prolonged periods, leading to inadequate care, poor outcomes, and worsening inequities. Involvement of the international community and expatriate nephrologists is essential to guide care delivery and improve outcomes. The lessons learned from the Syrian conflict apply to many limited resources and disaster situations.
Selection of endoscopic resection technique for large colorectal lesion treatment
Authors: Cronin Oliver , Mandarino Francesco Vito , Bourke Michael J. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
Large nonpedunculated colorectal polyps ≥ 20 mm (LNPCPs) comprise 1% of all colorectal lesions. LNPCPs are more likely to contain advanced histology such as high-grade dysplasia and submucosal invasive cancer (SMIC). Endoscopic resection is the first-line approach for management of these lesions. Endoscopic resection options include endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), cold-snare EMR (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR). This review aimed to critically evaluate current endoscopic resection techniques.

Recent findings
Evidence-based selective resection algorithms should inform the most appropriate endoscopic resection technique. Most LNPCPs are removed by conventional EMR but there has been a trend toward C-EMR for endoscopic resection of LNPCPs. More high-quality trials are required to better define the limitations of C-EMR. Advances in our understanding of ESD technique, has clarified its role within the colorectum. More recently, the development of a full thickness resection device (FTRD) has allowed the curative endoscopic resection of select lesions.

Summary
Endoscopic resection should be regarded as the principle approach for all LNPCPs. Underpinned by high-quality research, endoscopic resection has become more nuanced, leading to improved patient outcomes.
The Effect of a Physician Consultation on Patient Reported Outcomes in Urogynecology
Authors: Edwards Emily , Boyles Sarah , Gould Claire , Osmundsen Blake 
Published: June 2024

Importance
It has not yet been determined whether there is an effect of the initial urogynecologic consultation and resultant management plan on the patient’s bother from her pelvic floor condition.

Objective
The aim of the study was to see whether patient-reported outcomes of bother were different before and after consultation with a specialist.

Study Design
Fifty patients completed both preconsultation and postconsultation Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7). Patients were eligible if they were naive to urogynecology care and had never had treatment for the chief complaint in the past. They were not eligible if they received treatment at their consultation visits. A paired t test was used for comparison. A linear model determined whether baseline PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 scores as explanatory variables had an effect on the pre-post delta as outcome variable.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference between PFDI-20 scores before (mean, 86.5) and after (mean, 83.1) consultation. There was additionally no difference between PFIQ-7 scores before (mean, 61.1) and after (mean, 65.4) consultation. There was, however, a greater degree of change in scores if the patient presented with little bother versus large bother at the initial consultation.

Conclusions
For the new urogynecologic patients, those with lower baseline bother showed higher change (improvement) in scores after the consultation.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Fatigue in Sjögren’s Disease
Authors: Kurien Biji T. , Ice John A. , Wood Rebecca , Pharaoh Gavin , Cavett Joshua , Lewis Valerie , Bhaskaran Shylesh , Rasmussen Astrid , Lessard Christopher J. , Farris Amy Darise , Sivils Kathy L. , Koelsch Kristi A. , Van Remmen Holly , Scofield R. Hal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesSjögren’s disease (SjD) is a common exocrine disorder typified by chronic inflammation and dryness, but also profound fatigue, suggesting a pathological basis in cellular bioenergetics. In healthy states, damaged or dysfunctional mitochondrial components are broken down and recycled by mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy. In many autoimmune disorders, however, evidence suggests that dysfunctional mitophagy allows poorly functioning mitochondria to persist and contribute to a cellular milieu with elevated reactive oxygen species. We hypothesized that mitophagic processes are dysregulated in SjD and that dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to overall fatigue. We sought to link fatigue with mitochondrial dysfunction directly in SjD, heretofore unexamined, and further sought to assess the pathogenic extent and implications of dysregulated mitophagy in SjD.MethodsWe isolated pan T cells via negative selection from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 17 SjD and 8 age-matched healthy subjects, all of whom completed fatigue questionnaires prior to phlebotomy. Isolated T cells were analyzed for mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and glycolysis using Seahorse, and linear correlations with fatigue measures were assessed. A mitophagy transcriptional signature in SjD was identified by reanalysis of whole-blood microarray data from 190 SjD and 32 healthy subjects. Differential expression analyses were performed by case/control and subgroup analyses comparing SjD patients by mitophagy transcriptional cluster against healthy subjects followed by bioinformatic interpretation using gene set enrichment analysis.ResultsBasal OCR, ATP-linked respiration, maximal respiration, and reserve capacity were significantly lower in SjD compared to healthy subjects with no observed differences in non-mitochondrial respiration, basal glycolysis, or glycolytic stress. SjD lymphocytic mitochondria show structural alterations compared to healthy subjects. Fatigue scores related to pain/discomfort in SjD correlated with the altered OCR. Results from subgroup analyses by mitophagic SjD clusters revealed highly variable inter-cluster differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and expanded the number of SjD-associated gene targets by tenfold within the same dataset.ConclusionMitochondrial dysfunction, associated with fatigue, is a significant problem in SjD and warrants further investigation.