bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serious Leisure and Work
Authors: Stebbins Robert 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article looks at the complex relationship between serious leisure and work, with an eye to examining its implications for social life and practice. First, the serious leisure perspective (a theoretic framework that synthesizes three main forms: serious, casual, and project‐based leisure) is described. Then, occupational devotion is examined. It consists of a strong, positive attachment to a form of self‐enhancing work, where the sense of achievement is high and the core activity (set of basic tasks) is endowed with such intense appeal that the line between this work and leisure is virtually erased. Devotee work roots most immediately in amateur, hobbyist, and volunteer pursuits. Next some of the ways that people bridge devotee work and their leisure are considered. Careers are then discussed. These careers originate in serious leisure and, for some people, extend into work. After considering some others ways of bridging devotee work and serious leisure, two main implications of the link between these two are taken up.
Assessment of quality of life in Mexican patients suffering from chronic venous disorder – impact of oral Ruscus aculeatus-hesperidin–methyl-chalcone–ascorbic acid treatment – ‘QUALITY Study’
Authors: Guex J J , Enriquez Vega D M E , Avril L , Boussetta S , Taïeb C 
Published: July 2009

Objectives The present study assessed the effect of Ruscus aculeatus-hesperidin-methyl-chalcone–ascorbic acid (HMC–AA) on the quality of life (QoL) of patients suffering from chronic venous disorders (CVDs). Methods An observational, multicentre and prospective study was performed with 917 Mexican patients suffering from CVD. Patients were treated with R. aculeatus–HMC–AA. After 12 weeks of treatment, the physicians then assessed the patients' symptoms and QoL using Short Form (SF-12) and Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CIVIQ) auto-questionnaires. Results Patients were mainly women (86.7%), overweight or obese (72.7%) or C2 (39.3%)–C3 (27.6%). All symptoms and ankle circumferences significantly improved over time, with increasing clinical, aetiological, anatomical and pathophysiological (CEAP) classes and body mass index (BMI) ( P < 0.001). Concerning QoL, all dimensions of the SF-12 score significantly improved over time ( P < 0.001). Moreover, the CIVIQ scores significantly improved ( P < 0.001) with increasing BMI ( P < 0.002) and CEAP classes ( P < 0.05). Conclusion R. aculeatus–HMC-AA significantly improved the symptoms and QoL of CVD patients.
Endovenous laser treatment: a morphological study in an animal model
Authors: Vuylsteke M , Van Dorpe J , Roelens J , De Bo Th , Mordon S 
Published: July 2009

Objectives The destruction induced during endovenous laser treatment (ELT) of the saphenous vein and the perivenous tissue in an animal model (goats) was analysed. Differences in vein wall destruction produced by two laser types, the 980 and 1500 nm diode lasers, were evaluated histologically. Methods In 14 goats, 28 lateral saphenous veins were treated with ELT. In 14 veins we used the 980 nm diode laser and in the remnant a 1500 nm laser. Postoperatively the veins were removed at different stages and sent for histological examination. Results Immediately removed veins after ELT show an uneven destruction of the vein wall. Veins harvested one week postoperatively show inflammatory tissue at their periphery. Two and three weeks postoperatively, organization is very extensive. In some cases, recanalization begins in a semi-lunar manner at the contralateral side of the laser hit. Veins treated with a 980 nm laser show deeper ulceration with more perivenous tissue destruction compared with veins treated with a 1500 nm diode laser. Conclusions The ELT of veins produces an unevenly distributed damage. The cell necrosis is far more extensive than expected. Uneven vein wall destruction can lead to recanalization. Using a 1500 nm laser correlates with less penetrating ulcerations and more circumferential damage.
Growth hormone protects against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in states of low circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)
Authors: Fritton J Christopher , Emerton Kelly B , Sun Hui , Kawashima Yuki , Mejia Wilson , Wu Yingjie , Rosen Clifford J , Panus David , Bouxsein Mary , Majeska Robert J , Schaffler Mitchell B , Yakar Shoshana 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Early after estrogen loss in postmenopausal women and ovariectomy (OVX) of animals, accelerated endosteal bone resorption leads to marrow expansion of long bone shafts that reduce mechanical integrity. Both growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) are potent regulators of bone remodeling processes. To investigate the role of the GH/IGF-1 axis with estrogen deficiency, we used the liver IGF-1-deficient (LID) mouse. Contrary to deficits in controls, OVX of LID mice resulted in maintenance of cortical bone mechanical integrity primarily owing to an enhanced periosteal expansion affect on cross-sectional structure (total area and cortical width). The serum balance in LID that favors GH over IGF-1 diminished the effects of ablated ovarian function on numbers of osteoclast precursors in the marrow and viability of osteocytes within the cortical matrix and led to less endosteal resorption in addition to greater periosteal bone formation. Interactions between estrogen and the GH/IGF-1 system as related to bone remodeling provide a pathway to minimize degeneration of bone tissue structure and osteoporotic fracture. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Practice Variations in the Treatment of Febrile Infants Among Pediatric Emergency Physicians
Authors: Goldman Ran D. , Scolnik Dennis , Chauvin-Kimoff Laurel , Farion Ken J. , Ali Samina , Lynch Tim , Gouin Serge , Osmond Martin H. , Johnson David W. , Klassen Terry P. ,   for the Fever in Infants Group Research, Pediatric Emergency Research of Canada
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to characterize variations in treatment decisions for young febrile infants in pediatric emergency departments across Canada and to document the extent of practice variations among pediatric emergency department practitioners.METHODS: This was a prospective, concurrent, cohort study of consecutive infants up to 90 days of age who presented to 6 pediatric emergency departments in Canada with fever (rectal temperature of ≥38.0°C). We recorded information in the emergency department and contacted the families by telephone to confirm the final disposition.RESULTS: A total of 257 infants were recruited over 2 to 4 months. Patients were similar across centers in terms of gestational age and weight, chronologic age at arrival, weight, and gender. Temperatures measured at home and during triage and durations of fever also were similar among centers. In one center, significantly more children arrived with cough; in another center, fewer parents reported sick contacts at home. Rates of blood and urine testing were not significantly different across sites, but rates of lumbar puncture, respiratory virus testing, and chest radiography were different. A total of 55% of infants received antibiotics, and significant practice variations in the numbers and types of antibiotics used were documented.CONCLUSIONS: Practices in the evaluation of young infants with fever in tertiary pediatric emergency departments varied substantially. Blood and urine tests were ordered in the majority of centers, but rates of cerebrospinal fluid testing and antibiotic treatment differed across centers.
Effective EOR Decision Strategies With Limited Data: Field Cases Demonstration
Authors: Manrique Eduardo , Izadi Mehdi , Kitchen Curtis , Alvarado Vladimir 
Published: July 2009

Summary
Enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) evaluations focused on asset acquisition or rejuvenation involve a combination of complex decisions using different data sources. EOR projects traditionally have been associated with high capital and operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX, respectively) as well as high financial risk, which tend to limit the number of EOR projects launched. We propose a workflow for EOR evaluations that accounts for different volumes and quality of information. This flexible workflow has been applied successfully to oil-property evaluations and EOR-feasibility studies in many oil reservoirs. The method associated with the workflow relies on traditional (e.g., look-up tables, x-y correlations) and more-advanced (data mining for analog-reservoir search and geology indicators) screening methods, emphasizing identification of analogs to support decision making. The screening phase is combined with analytical or simplified numerical simulations to estimate full-field performance with reservoir-data-driven segmentation procedures. This paper illustrates the EOR decision-making workflow by use of field case examples from Asia, Canada, Mexico, South America, and the United States. The assets evaluated include reservoir types ranging from oil sands to condensate reservoirs. Different stages of development and information availability are discussed. Results show the advantage of a flexible decision-making workflow that can be adapted to the volume and quality of information by formulating the correct decision problem and concentrating on projects and/or properties with the highest expected economic merit. An interesting aspect of this approach is the combination of geologic and engineering data, minimizing experts' bias and combining technical and financial figures of merit. The proposed method has proved useful to screen and evaluate projects/properties very rapidly, identifying when upside potential exists.
Acromegaly in Primary Empty Sella
Authors: Shumy Farzana , Kahhar M Azizul 
Published: July 2009

Acromegaly has occasionally been found in patients with an empty sella secondary to prior pituitary irradiation and/or surgery. Active acromegaly, on the other hand, has only rarely been found in patients with a primary empty sella. The two most commonly held hypotheses concern-ing the aetiology of the primary empty sella are hydrodynamic transmission of cerebrospinal fluid pressure through a congenital defect in the diaphragm sella, and infarc-tion of the pituitary contents. Pituitary masses may undergo clinically silent infarction with development of a partial or totally empty sella by cerebrospinal fluid filling the dural herniation. Here we describe a patient who has empty sella without any prior pituitary procedures. Keywords: Acromegaly, empty sella syndrome, growth hormone. doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2827 J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 119-120
Male Pseudohermaphroditism due to 5 alpha Reductase-2 Deficiency- An Uncommon Etiology
Authors: Mannan MA , Rahman Muhammad Hafizur , Hoque Mirza Azizul 
Published: July 2009

A 15 years adolescent male muslim presented to us with ambiguous genitalia. At birth he was identified as a female baby and since then reared as a female. At the age of 13, his parents surprisingly observed that some of his phenotypic expressions were becoming male type such as deepening of voice, appearance of facial hair, enlargement of phallus, non development of breast and failure to start menstruation. On examination, he had ambiguous genitalia with enlarged phallus with hypospadias, pigmented labioscrotal folds with blind ended vagina, and pubic hair in stage-3. He was diagnosed as a case of pseudovaginal perineoserotal hypospadias. Serum testosterone and LH level were within the normal range. Karyotyping of the patient revealed 46XY. USG of the whole abdomen revealed no mullarian duct derivatives or gonads. Laparoscopic examination showed only one gonad in the left inguinal region. History, physical examination and investigations suggested the diagnosis of male pseudohermaphroditism due to deficiency of 5 alpha reductase-2 enzyme. Key words: Male pseudohermaphroditism, 5 alpha reductase-2 deficiency. doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2834 J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 142-145
Pulmonary Aspergilloma
Authors: Hossain Ahmed , Islam Quazi Tarikul , Siddiqui Md Mahmudur Rahman , Tamanna Nadira , Sina Hashmi , Rahman Md Yousuf Ur , Miah Md Titu 
Published: July 2009

Pulmonary aspergilloma is a rare disease, usually presenting as secondary invasion of preexisting lung cavity. When a pre-existing lung cavity is colonized by Aspergillus fumigatus it forms a fungal ball (Pulmonary aspergiloma). Presenting symptoms is usually cough, haemoptysis that may be life threatening. The radiological findings are that of a ball like structure within preexisting lung cavity on plain radiography and computerized tomography of the chest. We report a case of aspergilloma in a 70 year old man with past history of tuberculosis presented with the complaint of occasional cough, respiratory distress and occasional low grade fever for two years. It was diagnosed radiologically and confirmed by fine needle aspiration cytology and treated successfully with oral Itraconazole. Key words: Aspergilloma, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Itraconazole doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2836 J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 149-151
Experimental validation of a high‐gain observer for composition estimation in an ethanol–water distillation column
Authors: Téllez‐Anguiano A. C. , Astorga‐Zaragoza C. M. , Targui B. , Aguilera‐González A. , Reyes‐Reyes J. , Adam‐Medina M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper a high‐gain observer used to estimate the product compositions in a distillation column for a non‐ideal mixture (ethanol–water) through the tray temperature measurements is presented. The design of this observer is based on a simplified mathematical model. One of the main advantages of this observer is its constant gain, therefore its tuning depends only on choosing a few constant parameters satisfying some simple algebraic inequalities. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through on‐line experiments in a distillation pilot plant. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From Polymer to Size‐Defined Oligomers: A Highly Divergent and Stereocontrolled Construction of Chondroitin Sulfate A, C, D, E, K, L, and M Oligomers from a Single Precursor: Part 2
Authors: Jacquinet Jean‐Claude , Lopin‐Bon Chrystel , Vibert Aude 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn efficient, stereocontrolled, and highly divergent approach for the preparation of oligomers of chondroitin sulfate (CS) A, C, D, E, K, L, and M variants, starting from a single precursor easily obtained by semisynthesis from abundant natural polymer is reported for the first time. Common intermediates were designed that allowed the straightforward construction of O‐sulfonated species either on the D‐galactosamine unit (CS‐A, ‐C, and ‐E) or on both D‐glucuronic acid and D‐galactosamine units (CS‐D and CS‐K, ‐L, and ‐M). This strategy represents a successful improvement and brings a definitive answer toward the synthesis of such complex molecules with numerous relevant biological functions.
Deterministic parallel selection algorithms on coarse‐grained multicomputers
Authors: Cafaro M. , De Bene Vincenzo , Aloisio G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe present two deterministic parallel Selection algorithms for distributed memory machines, under the coarse‐grained multicomputer model. Both are based on the use of two weighted 3‐medians, that allows discarding at least 1/3 of the elements in each iteration. The first algorithm slightly improves the current experimentally fastest algorithm by Saukas and Song where at least 1/4 of the elements are discarded in each iteration, while the second one is a fast, special purpose algorithm working for a particular class of input, namely an input that can be sorted in linear time using RadixSort. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed‐Linker Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Catalysts for the Synthesis of Propylene Carbonate from Propylene Oxide and CO2
Authors: Kleist Wolfgang , Jutz Fabian , Maciejewski Marek , Baiker Alfons 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA series of mixed‐linker metal‐organic frameworks(MIXMOFs) of the general formula Zn4O(BDC)x(ABDC)3–x has been synthesized and tested as catalyst in the reaction of propylene oxide (PO) and carbon dioxide. Based on MOF‐5 a new synthetic route was developed which allows the partial substitution of benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate (BDC) linkers in the material by functionalized 2‐aminobenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate. In that way the number of catalytically active amino groups can be tuned using the desired BDC/ABDC ratio. The presence of MIXMOFs (instead of a mechanical mixture of MOF‐5 and IRMOF‐3) was proven by high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction and DTG. XRD and TG/MS analysis revealed that pure MIXMOF materials can be obtained up to an ABDC loading of 40 %. The thermal stability in air is decreasing with increasing ABDC content from 450 °C for pure MOF‐5 (0 % ABDC) to ca. 350 °C for the 40 % MIXMOF Zn4O(BDC)1.8(ABDC)1.2. Consequently, MIXMOF materials represent a promising class of materials for catalytic applications in the temperature range at least up to 300 °C which is proven using the synthesis of propylene carbonate (PC) from propylene oxide and carbon dioxide as a test reaction. The catalytic results indicate that solid MIXMOF catalysts in combination with tetraalkylammonium halides (NR4X) as promoters are as active as the corresponding homogeneously dissolved reference compounds (H2ABDC, H2BDC and Zn salts) and that they can be recycled with only moderate loss in activity. A comparison of MIXMOFs from 0 to 40 % of ABDC revealed a dependence of activity on the number of amino groups. Due to the fact that even pure MOF‐5 catalyzed the reaction to some extent, surface Zn centers with free coordination sites might also contribute to substrate activation. Using optimized reaction conditions, a PC yield of up to 63 % can be obtained after 3 h in the presence of low catalyst concentration (0.045 mol‐% of 40 % MIXMOF, containing 0.05 mol‐% of NH2 groups).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Investigation of enantiomeric separation of basic drugs by capillary electrophoresis using clindamycin phosphate as a novel chiral selector
Authors: Chen Bin , Du Yingxiang , Li Ping 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA wide number of chiral selectors have been employed in CE and among them macrocyclic antibiotics exhibited excellent enantioselective properties toward plenteous racemic drugs. Different from macrocyclic antibiotics, the use of lincomycin antibiotics as chiral selectors has not been reported previously. In this study clindamycin phosphate belonging to the group of lincomycin antibiotics is first used as a novel chiral selector for the enantiomeric separations of several racemic basic drugs, which possess high separability, consisting of nefopam, citalopram, tryptophan, chlorphenamine and propranolol. Other basic drugs giving partial enantioseparation include tryptophan methyl ester, metoprolol and atenolol. Clindamycin phosphate possesses advantages such as high solubility and low viscosity in the water and very weak UV absorption. In the course of this work we observed that both migration time and enantioseparation were influenced by several parameters such as pH of the BGE, clindamycin concentration, capillary temperature, applied voltage and organic modifier. The optimum pH that was in the neutral or weak basic region but varied among drugs, a low capillary temperature and a clindamycin concentration of 60 or 80 mM are recommended as the optimum conditions for chiral separation of these drugs. Moreover, comparison of the influences of the studied parameters was further investigated by means of Statistical Product and Service Solutions in this paper.
Separation of free amino acids and catecholamines in human plasma and rabbit vitreous samples using a new fluorogenic reagent 3‐(4‐bromobenzoyl)‐2‐quinolinecarboxaldehyde with CE‐LIF detection
Authors: Zhang Niu , Zhang Hua‐Shan , Wang Hong 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA sensitive and efficient analysis of amino acids and catecholamines is currently presented with 3‐(4‐bromobenzoyl)‐2‐quinolinecarboxaldehyde as a fluorogenic derivatization reagent using CE separation with LIF detection. For good derivatization conditions, the reagent concentrations, pH value, temperature, and reaction time were explored, which were followed by the derivatization reaction in stable yield. The optimal running buffer was composed of mixtures involving 120 mM, pH 9.1 boric acid, 38.5 mM SDS, and 19% ACN v/v. The LOD (S/N=3) was found as low as 0.65 nM. The proposed method was validated by the two‐order‐magnitude linearity and correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9957 to 0.9998. The accuracy and specificity of this assay were also assured from the spiking of real samples with a standard known concentration. In order to demonstrate its wide range of applications, the method has been applied to the analysis of both human plasma and rabbit vitreous samples.
Numerical simulation of flow‐induced noise using LES/SAS and Lighthill's acoustic analogy
Authors: Kaltenbacher M. , Escobar M. , Becker S. , Ali I. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe present a finite element (FE) formulation of Lighthill's acoustic analogy for the hybrid computation of noise generated by turbulent flows. In the present approach, the flow field is computed using large eddy simulation and scale adaptive simulation turbulence models. The acoustic propagation is obtained by solving the variational formulation of Lighthill's acoustic analogy with the FE method. In order to preserve the acoustic energy, we compute the inhomogeneous part of Lighthill's wave equation by applying the FE formulation on the fine flow grid. The resulting acoustic nodal loads are then conservatively interpolated to the coarser acoustic grid. Subsequently, the radiated acoustic field can be solved in both time and frequency domains. In the latter case, an enhanced perfectly matched layer technique is employed, allowing one to truncate the computational domain in the acoustic near field, without compromising the numerical solution. Our hybrid approach is validated by comparing the numerical results of the acoustic field induced by a corotating vortex pair with the corresponding analytical solution. To demonstrate the applicability of our scheme, we present full 3D numerical results for the computed acoustic field generated by the turbulent flow around square cylinder geometries. The sound pressure levels obtained compare well with measured values. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unusual base‐catalyzed exchange in the synthesis of deuterated PF‐2413873a
Authors: Rozze Stuart J. , Fray M. Jonathan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe preparation of deuterated PF‐2413873 (4‐[3‐cyclopropyl‐1‐(methanesulfonylmethyl)‐5‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]oxy‐2,6‐dimethylbenzonitrile, 1) is described for use as a bioanalytical standard in clinical trials. Two strategies were investigated. The sulfone‐containing substituent was labelled by base‐catalyzed exchange, but unacceptable deuterium loss was noted under assay conditions. Alternatively, labelling 4‐cyano‐3,5‐dimethylphenol was achieved by heating with deuterium oxide over platinum oxide. After building up the pyrazole ring we discovered that, during the subsequent alkylation to attach the methylthiomethyl group, the base, potassium t‐butoxide, caused unwanted scrambling of deuteriums on the aromatic portion and the methylthiomethyl group. Thus, it was necessary to remove all base‐labile hydrogens to prevent their exchange. This was accomplished by alkylating the pyrazole with per‐deuterated chloromethyl methylsulfide, oxidation to the sulfone, and selective removal of its deuteriums by treatment with sodium hydroxide. The unusual sensitivity and selectivity of these base‐promoted exchange reactions are discussed. Thus, 4‐[3‐cyclopropyl‐1‐(methanesulfonylmethyl)‐5‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]oxy‐[2H6]2,6‐dimethyl‐[3,5‐2H]benzonitrile (17) was obtained, labelled with eight deuterium atoms and an acceptable D0/D8 ratio. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.