bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pragmatic randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of Well Parent Japan in routine care in Japan: The training and nurturing support for mothers (TRANSFORM) study
Authors: Shimabukuro Shizuka , Oshio Takashi , Endo Takahiro , Harada Satoshi , Yamashita Yushiro , Tomoda Akemi , Guo Boliang , Goto Yuko , Ishii Atsuko , Izumi Mio , Nakahara Yukiko , Yamamoto Kazushi , Daley David , Tripp Gail 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundWell Parent Japan (WPJ) is a new hybrid group parent training programme combining sessions to improve mothers' psychological well‐being with a culturally adapted version of the New Forest Parenting Programme (NFPP). This study investigates the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of WPJ against treatment as usual (TAU) within Japanese child mental health services.MethodsTRANSFORM was a pragmatic multi‐site randomised controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel arms. Altogether 124 mothers of 6–12‐year‐old children with DSM‐5 ADHD were randomised to WPJ (n = 65) or TAU (n = 59). Participants were assessed at baseline, post‐treatment and three‐month follow‐up. The primary outcome was parent‐domain stress following intervention. Secondary outcomes included maternal reports of child‐domain stress, parenting practices, parenting efficacy, mood, family strain, child behaviour and impairment. Objective measures of the parent–child relationship were collected at baseline and post‐treatment. Data analysis was intention to treat (ITT) with treatment effects quantified through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) via multilevel modelling. An incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) assessed WPJ's cost‐effectiveness.ResultsWPJ was superior to TAU in reducing parent‐domain stress post‐treatment (adjusted mean difference = 5.05, 95% CI 0.33 to 9.81, p = .036) and at follow‐up (adjusted mean difference 4.82, 95% CI 0.09 to 9.55, p = .046). Significant WPJ intervention effects were also observed for parenting practices, parenting efficacy and family strain. WPJ and TAU were not significantly different post‐intervention or at follow‐up for the other secondary outcomes. The incremental cost of WPJ was 34,202 JPY (315.81 USD). The probability that WPJ is cost‐effective is 74% at 10,000 JPY (USD 108.30) per one‐point improvement in parenting stress, 92% at 20,000 JPY (216.60 USD). The programme was delivered with high fidelity and excellent retention.ConclusionsWPJ can be delivered in routine clinical care at modest cost with positive effects on self‐reported well‐being of the mothers, parenting practices and family coping. WPJ is a promising addition to psychosocial interventions for ADHD in Japan.
Changes in emotion regulation strategies during the pandemic: prospective pathways to adolescent depressive symptoms
Authors: Liu Sihan , Xu Jianjie , Cao Huiting , An Ye , Li Yijia , Li Zhuangyang , Gao Mengyu (Miranda) , Han Zhuo Rachel 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundEmotion regulation (ER) is considered central in adolescent psychopathology, and ER strategies may change during challenging times, such as a global pandemic. Despite this, there remains a limited understanding of individual differences in ER mechanisms and their associations with psychopathology. This study examined whether and how cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, and self‐compassion changed over COVID‐19 and how these changes uniquely predicted adolescents' depressive symptoms.MethodsA total of 2,411 adolescents (58.6% females; Mage = 18.51, SD = 0.80) completed the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, the Self‐compassion Scale, and the Symptom Checklist‐90 before COVID‐19 (in 2019) and during COVID‐19 (in 2020). The predictive associations between each ER strategy and depressive symptoms were tested with latent change score models.ResultsAdolescents' use of expressive suppression and self‐compassion strategies both increased during COVID‐19. More increases in expressive suppression predicted more depressive symptoms, whereas more increases in self‐compassion predicted fewer depressive symptoms. Although, on average, cognitive reappraisal did not change, it did show significant variations within the sample – increases (vs. decreases) in cognitive appraisal predicted fewer depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe study indicates how adolescents' ER strategies changed during the unprecedented global pandemic. It underscores protective roles of increased cognitive reappraisal and self‐compassion, as well as the adverse consequence of heightened expressive suppression on adolescents' depressive symptoms. Findings offer insights for targeted interventions aimed at addressing specific ER strategies.
Adherence to medication, dietary and physical activity recommendations: Findings from a multicenter cross‐sectional study among adults with diabetes in rural South Africa
Authors: Owolabi Eyitayo O. , Ajayi Anthony Idowu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes is a complex health condition requiring medical therapy and lifestyle modifications to attain treatment targets. Previous studies have not fully explored factors associated with adherence to medication, diets and physical activity recommendations among individuals living with diabetes in rural South Africa. We examined the association between knowledge, health belief and adherence to medication, dietary, and physical activity recommendations and explored self‐reported reasons for non‐adherence.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted among 399 individuals living with diabetes recruited over 12 weeks from six randomly selected primary healthcare centres in rural South Africa. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained by self‐report. Health beliefs, knowledge, and adherence were assessed using validated measures. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out.ResultsThe majority (81.7%) of the participants were females, with a mean age of 62 ± 11 years. Only 39% reported adhering to their prescribed medication regimen, 25% reported adhering to dietary recommendations, and 32% reported adhering to physical activity recommendations. The most cited reasons for non‐adherence were lack of access to (n = 64) and cost of drugs (n = 50), perceived high costs of healthy diets (n = 243), and lack of time (n = 181) for physical activity. Level of education was an independent predictor of medication adherence [odds ratio, OR = 2.02 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.20–3.40)] while diabetes knowledge was independently associated with both medications [OR = 3.04 (95% CI: 1.78–45.12)]; and physical activity adherence [OR = 2.92 (95% CI: 1.04–2.96). Positive health belief was independently associated with adherence to medications [OR = 1.72 (95% CI: 1.15–2.57) and dietary recommendations [OR = 1.75 (95% CI: 1.04–2.96)].ConclusionAdherence to three important self‐care practices, medication, diet, and physical activity, was suboptimal in this study setting. Socioeconomic reasons and access barriers were significant drivers of non‐adherence, while increased knowledge and positive health beliefs were potential facilitators. Efforts to improve medication adherence and foster engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviours must consider patients’ knowledge and health beliefs. Primary healthcare providers should create awareness on the importance of adherence on health outcomes for people with diabetes. Likewise, efforts to increase the availability and affordability of medications for socioeconomically disadvantaged populations should be prioritised by the key health stakeholders.
Assessing future urban flood hazard: A comprehensive approach to estimating the implications of future rainfall scenarios
Authors: Moon Hyeon‐Tae , Yoon Sun‐Kwon , Kim Jong‐Suk , Moon Young‐Il 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEstimating potential changes in future flood patterns based on anticipated changes in hydrological characteristics within the basin is crucial for mitigating flood damage and managing flood risk. In this study, nonparametric probability models are used to estimate future rainfall patterns in Seoul under the GCM‐based climate change scenarios (CCS), and the estimated future daily rainfall data was temporally downscaled to hourly units using the KNNR‐GA technique. Changes in flood hazard and runoff characteristics of the target area based on the estimated future rainfall data are quantitatively assessed. The results highlight that under CCS, flood runoff may increase further into the future, resulting in more significant changes in flood patterns and accelerating the increase in flood hazard. The delta change factor of flood risk indicators increased relatively significantly in more severe CCS. This study also proposed a process to estimate future flood runoff and mitigation effects according to CCS by reflecting various flood mitigation measures in the urban drainage system model. These findings can offer valuable insights for setting the direction of current and future mitigation measures.
The Associations Between Health‐Related Knowledge and Health Beliefs Regarding Risk for Gestational Diabetes in American Indian and Alaska Native Female Adolescents and Young Adults at Risk for Gestational Diabetes and Their Female Caregivers: A Cross‐Sectional Dyadic Analysis
Authors: Sereika Susan M. , Moore Kelly R. , Stotz Sarah , Chalmers Laura J. , Garrow Heather , Gonzales Kelly , O'Banion Nancy , Powell Jeffrey , Knoki‐Wilson Ursula , Charron‐Prochownik Denise ,   For The Stopping GDM Study Group
Published: June 2024

IntroductionResearch on associations between knowledge and health beliefs for women at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has focused on adults at risk for or having GDM. Gaps also exist in examining interpersonal associations with family members or peers. We examined dyadic associations between knowledge and health beliefs about the risk for GDM between and within American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) female adolescents and young adults (FAYAs) at risk for GDM and their mothers or adult female caregivers (FCs).MethodsGrounded in the Expanded Health Belief Model, we employed a cross‐sectional design using baseline data from 147 dyads of AIAN FAYAs at risk for GDM and their FCs who participated in the Stopping GDM in Daughters and Mothers trial. FAYAs were 12.0 to 24.5 years of age, and 89.1% were students. FCs had a mean (SD) age of 44.0 (9.3) years, 87.0% were AIAN, 44.9% were college educated, 19.7% had ever had GDM, and 81.0% were the FAYA's mother. FAYAs and FCs completed surveys about knowledge and health beliefs (benefits, barriers, severity, susceptibility) regarding GDM risk and prevention. Bivariate correlational analyses were performed to examine associations between and within dyad members. Dyadic associations were investigated using actor‐partner interdependence modeling (APIM) assuming distinguishable dyad members.ResultsCompared with their FCs, FAYAs had lower health‐related knowledge and perceived benefits of GDM prevention and susceptibility regarding GDM risk. APIM revealed actor and partner effects of health‐related knowledge on health beliefs for dyads. In particular, positive actor effects were found for FAYAs and FCs for GDM‐related knowledge with perceived benefits (P < .001), and positive partner effects of GDM‐related knowledge for FCs were related to perceived susceptibility and severity for FAYAs (P < .05).DiscussionAs shown in these AIAN dyads, FAYAs and their FCs, as members of one another's social network, may influence each other's health beliefs regarding GDM risk and prevention.
Effects of looming audio on transcranial magnetic stimulation‐induced phosphene perception
Authors: Seebold Patrick , He Yingchen , Nam Chang S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLooming sounds are known to influence visual function in the brain, even as early as the primary visual cortex. However, despite evidence that looming sounds have a larger impact on cortical excitability than stationary sounds, the influence of varying looming strengths on visual ability remains unclear. Here, we aim to understand how these signals influence low‐level visual function. Fourteen healthy undergraduate students participated. They were blindfolded and received transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the primary visual cortex following auditory stimulation with different strength looming sounds. Participants reported whether they perceived a phosphene, or an illusory visual percept, following TMS stimulation. We hypothesized that rates of phosphene activity would increase with increasing levels of looming strength. A linear mixed‐effect model showed that phosphene activity was significantly higher at higher strength of looming (F(1, 69) = 5.33, p = .024) and at higher TMS pulse strength (F(1, 18) = 4.71, p = .043). However, there was also a significant interaction between looming strength and pulse strength (F(1, 69) = 4.33, p = .041). At lower levels of TMS strength, phosphene rate increased with looming strength, while at higher levels of TMS strength the effect was reversed. These results suggest a complex relationship between looming strength and cortical activity, potentially reflecting the mixed contribution of total auditory energy and the rate of changes. This work will enhance our ability to predict audiovisual interactions and may help improve auditory warning systems designed to capture visual attention.
A two‐center randomized controlled trial of a repairing mask as an adjunctive treatment for mild to moderate rosacea
Authors: Wang Liwei , Zhang Yiyi , Chen Lihong , Yuan Dengfeng , Feng Xiamei , Zheng Jie , Li Xia , Yuan Chao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of a repairing mask as an adjunctive treatment for skin barrier maintenance of mild to moderate rosacea.MethodsPatients with rosacea were recruited in this dual center randomized controlled trial from November 2019 to December 2021. A total of 64 patients were included and randomized into two groups at a ratio of 3:1 into a mask group (n = 47) and a control group (n = 17). Patients in the mask group received treatment with Dr. Yu Centella asiatica repairing facial mask three times weekly for a duration of 6 weeks. All participants were instructed to continue their regimen of 50 mg oral minocycline twice daily and to apply Dr. Yu Intensive Hydrating Soft Cream twice daily. The primary endpoint of this study was the Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) score.ResultsA total of 54 patients completed this trial, with 41 in the mask group and 13 in the control group. After using this facial mask for 3 and 6 weeks, the IGA, facial skin dryness, facial flushing, and severity of skin lesion in the mask group showed significantly improvement (p < 0.05). Moreover, the change in the delta degree of skin flushing was significantly higher than that in the control group (p = 0.037). Throughout the study, no adverse events were reported in either group of participants.ConclusionThe Dr. Yu Centella asiatica repairing facial mask, as an adjunctive treatment of rosacea, appears to effectively repair and protect the skin barrier, alleviate cutaneous symptoms of rosacea, and is both efficacious and safe for patient use.
The Time‐Varying Price of Financial Intermediation in the Mortgage Market
Authors: FUSTER ANDREAS , LO STEPHANIE H. , WILLEN PAUL S. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTWe introduce a new measure of the price charged by financial intermediaries for connecting mortgage borrowers with capital market investors. Based on administrative lender pricing data, we document that the price of intermediation reacts strongly to variation in demand, reflecting capacity constraints of mortgage originators. This positive comovement of price with quantity reduced the pass‐through of quantitative easing. We also find a notable upward trend in this price between 2008 and 2014, likely due to increased legal and regulatory burden in the mortgage market. The trend led to an implicit cost to borrowers of nearly $100 billion over this period.
Brain lesion microstructure in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein disease
Authors: Lapucci Caterina , Boccia Vincenzo Daniele , Clementi Thoma Dario , Schiavi Simona , Benedetti Luana , Uccelli Antonio , Novi Giovanni , Cellerino Maria , Inglese Matilde 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) diagnosis are based on the presence of serological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), neurites orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and the Spherical Mean Technique (SMT) may be helpful to provide a microstructural characterization of the different types of white matter lesions and give an insight about their different pathological mechanisms. The aim of the study was to characterize microstructural differences between brain typical lesions (TLs) and nontypical lesions (nTLs).MethodsA total of 17 NMOSD and MOGAD patients [9 Aquaporin4 (AQP4) + NMO, 2 seronegative‐NMO, 6 MOGAD] underwent MRI scans on a 3 Tesla MAGNETON PRISMA. Diffusion parameters (fractional anisotropy; mean diffusivity [MD]; intracellular volume fraction [ICVF]; extra‐neurite transverse diffusivity; and extra‐neurite MD; neurite signal fraction) were obtained using DTI, NODDI, and SMT. Microstructural parameters within lesions were compared through a generalized linear model using age, sex, and total lesion volume as covariates.ResultsIn NMOSD/MOGAD whole cohort (total lesions = 477), TLs showed increased MD and decreased ICVF compared to nTLs (p < .05), indicating higher inflammation and axonal loss. Similar results were found also in the AQP4 + NMO subgroup (decreased ICVF, p < .05). Furthermore, in NMOSD/MOGAD whole cohort and in AQP4 + NMO subgroup, TLs showed a trend toward higher EXRATRANS than nTLs, suggesting a more severe degree of demyelination within TLs.ConclusionsTLs and nTLs in NMOSD/MOGAD showed different diffusion MRI‐derived microstructural features, with TLs showing a more severe degree of inflammation and fiber disruption with respect to nTLs.
Acute hyperbilirubinemia determines an early subclinical renal damage: Evaluation of tubular biomarkers in cholemic nephropathy
Authors: Scilletta Sabrina , Leggio Stefano , Di Marco Maurizio , Miano Nicoletta , Musmeci Marco , Marrano Nicola , Natalicchio Annalisa , Giorgino Francesco , Bosco Giosiana , Di Giacomo Barbagallo Francesco , Scamporrino Alessandra , Di Mauro Stefania , Filippello Agnese , Scicali Roberto , Russello Maurizio , Spadaro Luisa , Purrello Francesco , Piro Salvatore , Di Pino Antonino 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsCholemic nephropathy is a cause of acute kidney injury occurring in patients with jaundice. The aim of this study was to evaluate early renal function impairment in patients with mild acute hyperbilirubinemia in the absence of alterations of the common parameters used in clinical practice (serum creatinine or urea) and with normal renal morphology. We studied urinary biomarkers of tubular damage urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (u‐NGAL), urinary beta‐2‐microglobulin (u‐B2M), urinary osteopontin (u‐OPN), urinary trefoil factor 3 (u‐TFF3) and urinary Cystatin C (u‐Cys).MethodsThis is a case‐control study investigating the following urinary biomarkers of tubular damage: u‐NGAL, u‐B2M, u‐OPN, u‐TFF3 and u‐Cys, in patients with mild acute hyperbilirubinemia. Seventy‐four patients were included in this study: 36 patients with jaundice and 38 patients without jaundice.ResultsSubjects with jaundice (total bilirubin 12.4 ± 7.3 mg/dL) showed higher u‐NGAL, u‐B2M, u‐OPN, u‐TFF3 and u‐Cys compared with controls. After logistic regression analyses, including the following independent variables: age, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), haemoglobin, diabetes, hypertension and jaundice, we observed a higher risk of elevated u‐NGAL values (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.07–13.5, p = .03) and u‐B2M (OR = 9.4, 95% CI 2.3–38.9, p = .0018) in jaundiced subjects. Moreover, urinary biomarkers had a direct correlation with serum cholestasis indexes.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated increased urinary biomarkers of tubular damage (u‐NGAL, u‐B2M, u‐OPN, u‐TFF3, and u‐Cys) in patients with mild hyperbilirubinemia in comparison with a control group. These findings suggest early renal tubular damage in the absence of alterations of the normal parameters used in clinical practice (eGFR, serum urea and renal morphology).
City divided: Unveiling family ties and genetic structuring of coyotes in Seattle
Authors: Kreling Samantha E. S. , Reese Ellen M. , Cavalluzzi Olivia M. , Bozzi Natalee B. , Messinger Riley , Schell Christopher J. , Long Robert A. , Prugh Laura R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLinear barriers pose significant challenges for wildlife gene flow, impacting species persistence, adaptation, and evolution. While numerous studies have examined the effects of linear barriers (e.g., fences and roadways) on partitioning urban and non‐urban areas, understanding their influence on gene flow within cities remains limited. Here, we investigated the impact of linear barriers on coyote (Canis latrans) population structure in Seattle, Washington, where major barriers (i.e., interstate highways and bodies of water) divide the city into distinct quadrants. Just under 1000 scats were collected to obtain genetic data between January 2021 and December 2022, allowing us to identify 73 individual coyotes. Notably, private allele analysis underscored limited interbreeding among quadrants. When comparing one quadrant to each other, there were up to 16 private alleles within a single quadrant, representing nearly 22% of the population allelic diversity. Our analysis revealed weak isolation by distance, and despite being a highly mobile species, genetic structuring was apparent between quadrants even with extremely short geographic distance between individual coyotes, implying that Interstate 5 and the Ship Canal act as major barriers. This study uses coyotes as a model species for understanding urban gene flow and its consequences in cities, a crucial component for bolstering conservation of rarer species and developing wildlife friendly cities.