bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management styles and innovation
Authors: Bruttini Paolo , Gallo Michele , Mariani Paolo , Menini Tullio 
Published: June 2024

PurposeUsing a sample of about 323 Italian companies and 423 managers from July 2020–March 2021, the work tests hypotheses on reliability of The Open MOOd Questionnaire. Data collected are analyzed by a psychometric model and a latent trait is found. Results are verified and validated. Moreover, external robustness is assured by comparing the Rasch Analysis results with other statistical methods.Design/methodology/approachThe purpose of this paper is to measure the level of openness of managers through the Open MOOd Questionnaire. Which aspects allow us to identify different management styles, and if the “openness” characterizes specific clusters of managers.FindingsThe study shows that the openness attitude in the professional activity of the managers is very high. The Open MOOd Questionnaire can be improved by considering some dichotomic items.Practical implicationsThe study highlights the model proposed identifies the Open Manager’s competencies, and identifies teaching methods for their development.Originality/valueThe authors propose a new model to study openness. Diagnostic tools of consolidated statistical methods show that the Open MOOd Questionnaire is an effective tool to evaluate the openness.
Seized drug reporting of NPS helps to guide regional toxicological practice: A 17 month review between 2022 and 2023
Authors: Ellefsen Kayla N. , Papsun Donna M. , Mata Dani C. , Ayala Jessica L. , Modell Celia , Goodson Lana J. , Truver Michael T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNovel psychoactive substances (NPS) are everchanging and plague forensic laboratories who must identify an unending variety of emerging substances and evolve current methodologies to detect these substances. Identifying potential regional NPS targets and timely examining trends in seized drug data could help mitigate the burden laboratories face. Over 17 months, NPS seized drug data were processed and categorized from three laboratories located across the United States to determine any NPS regional similarities and prevalent NPS drug categories: the South Carolina Law Enforcement Division (SLED), the Sedgwick County Regional Forensic Science Center (SCRFSC), and the Orange County Crime Laboratory (OCCL). Seized drug materials, including pills, powders, and plant material, were primarily analyzed for NPS via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. From June 2022 to October 2023, 1940 NPS seized drug identifications were reported by these laboratories with 63 different NPS reported. Novel synthetic opioids (NSO) were the most prevalent NPS class across all three laboratories (55%), with fluorofentanyl accounting for 74% of NSO identifications. This is unsurprising given the fentanyl epidemic in the United States. Furthermore, these data highlighted varying regional NPS seized drug trends: eutylone, a synthetic cathinone, was one of the most frequently identified NPS in SLED, SCRFSC observed the most diverse set of synthetic cannabinoids, and OCCL observed an increased prevalence in the designer benzodiazepine, bromazolam. NPS scope recommendations are a valuable resource for forensic laboratories; however, most focus on a national perspective. Timely analysis and reporting of NPS seized drug data may help to develop regional NPS scope recommendations laboratories may employ.
Extended observation of reduced methamphetamine use with combined naltrexone plus bupropion in the ADAPT‐2 trial
Authors: Li Michael J. , Chau Brendon , Belin Thomas , Carmody Thomas , Jha Manish K. , Marino Elise N. , Trivedi Madhukar , Shoptaw Steven J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsA 12‐week placebo‐controlled, sequential parallel Accelerated Development of Additive Pharmacotherapy Treatment for Methamphetamine Use Disorder (ADAPT‐2) trial evaluated the effects of extended‐release injectable naltrexone plus extended‐release oral bupropion (NTX + BUPN) on methamphetamine (MA) use over two stages. This study reports on the previously unpublished stage 2 MA use in participants randomized at stage 1 to receive NTX + BUPN through both stages compared with those assigned to placebo.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of the US National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) ADAPT‐2 network trial.SettingThe parent ADAPT‐2 trial was carried out across multiple NIDA Clinical Trials Network (CTN) sites in the United States.ParticipantsThis analysis includes 403 people with MA use disorder who participated in the ADAPT‐2 CTN trial.Intervention and comparatorNTX + BUPN was compared with placebo over the course of the trial.MeasurementMA use was measured by urine drug screens conducted twice weekly for 12 weeks, then once in week 13 and once in week 16 post‐treatment follow‐up.FindingsParticipants on NTX + BUPN in stage 1 showed an additional 9.2% increase [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09%–17.9%, P = 0.038] during stage 2 in their probability of testing negative for MA, with a total increase of 27.1% (95% CI, 13.2%–41.1%, P < 0.001) over the full 12 weeks of treatment. In contrast, participants on placebo in both stages increased in probability of testing MA‐negative by a total of 11.4% (95% CI, 4.1%–18.6%, P = 0.002) over all 12 weeks. The 12‐week increase among participants on NTX + BUPN was significantly greater—by 15.8% (95% CI, 4.5%–27.0%, P = 0.006)—than the increase among those on placebo.ConclusionFor people with methamphetamine (MA) use disorder receiving treatment with extended‐release injectable naltrexone plus extended‐release oral bupropion (NTX + BUPN), continued treatment with NTX + BUPN after 6 weeks is associated with additional reductions in MA use up to 12 weeks.
Diversity, habitat and activity patterns of mesocarnivore assemblages in an Afrotropical protected forest savannah mosaic of Central Cameroon
Authors: Fotsing Ernest D. B. , Kamkeng Meigang M. F. , Marcel Senge Salah , Zinner Dietmar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLittle is known about the diversity and ecology of mesocarnivores in the Mpem and Djim National Parks in central Cameroon. Therefore, we undertook a rapid assessment using camera traps from September 2021 to December 2021. The main objective of our study was to collect data on the diversity, abundance and relative frequency of mesocarnivores per habitat type and their activity period using camera traps with a distance sampling method. In 1700 trap nights, we recorded 53 events of seven mesocarnivores, all belonging to the family of Viveridae, Herpesdidae and Felidae which yield 3.12 mesocarnivores per 100 days. The black‐legged mongoose (Bdeogale nigripes, Pucheran, 1855) exhibited the highest capture rate (CR, 0.88). The long‐nosed mongoose (Xenogale naso, Winton, 1901) was found in all habitats class and was the more active mesocarnivore. The Shannon‐Weaver diversity index (H) showed a high diversity of species in the community with high diversity in the near primary forest. We obtained a lower dominance of one species over the other, a lower richness and a more even distribution of species between habitats. Our results suggest a possible spatio‐temporal niche partitioning between the species recorded, with blotched genet (Genetta maculata, Gray, 1830), showing no clear peak of activity. However, the rarefaction curve indicates that the effort expended was insufficient, suggesting that additional sampling is required to obtain a reasonable estimate of species richness within our community. The activity patterns of the recorded mesocarnivores were generally similar to those reported elsewhere but suggest some behavioural flexibility. Although all these species are listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, the low number of recorded events may indicate that mesocarnivores may be threatened in this area if effective conservation strategies are not implemented.
Do matching skill sets matter? Exploring the relationship between motivation, satisfaction, and role identification in the context of older adults' volunteering
Authors: Park Jihyun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigates whether deliberate “matching” of older volunteers with agencies, based on their skill sets and organizational needs, leads to increased volunteer satisfaction, commitment, and role identity compared to placements made without such considerations. Utilizing data from the Center for Excellence in Aging Services and Community Wellness (CEASCW) in 2019, a subset of 140 older adult volunteers from upstate New York was analyzed. Various statistical methods, including frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling, were employed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 23.0. This research introduces the concept of a prolonged transition into retirement and explores how aligning skill sets with specific volunteer opportunities can better cater to the needs of older adults, resulting not only in increased satisfaction but also in a more stable role identity and ultimately a heightened sense of well‐being during later life transitions.
Variability of sequence architecture in a rift margin controlled by tectonic activity: The Eocene Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Tian Rongheng , Xian Benzhong , Liu Jianping , Wu Qianran , Rahman Naveed Ur , Chen Peng , Li Qian , Wang Zhen , Chen Sirui , Yu Jingqiang , Li Yuzhi , Zhang Wenmiao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSequence architectures along the margins of rift basins are still poorly documented compared to passive continental margin settings. The Eocene Shahejie Formation on the rift margin of the Dongying Depression records a complex sequence stratigraphic distribution of conglomerate, sandy conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone. These facies have been mainly attributed to fan delta and marginal subaqueous fan depositional settings that developed during segmented fault activity along the rift margin. We utilize three‐dimensional (3D) seismic data, conventional cores, and wireline log data to dissect the overall wedge‐shaped upper sub‐member strata of the Shahejie Formation's fourth member. The study interval is a third‐order sequence formed between 45.4 and 42.5 Ma and contains a lowstand–transgressive systems tract (LST–TST) and a highstand systems tract–falling‐stage systems tract (HST–FSST). We found that the LST–TST developed several huge amalgamated depocenters along the Chennan border fault; whereas, these depocenters gradually diminished or even disappeared during the HST–FSST period, illustrating less significant control by the border fault. Through calculations of strata growth rates, we confirmed that the segmented activity of the border fault influences the stratigraphic distribution and facies evolution during these two periods. Specifically, deep‐water depositional systems, represented by marginal subaqueous fans were widely developed in the LST–TST period and were influenced by overall strong tectonic activity, including retrogradational (R) and aggradational (A) patterns. However, the aggradational to progradational (AP) deltas and progradational to degradational (PD) deltas dominated the generally muted tectonic activity setting during the HST–FSST. Additionally, influenced by localized segmented fault activity, these systems tracts exhibit incomplete vertical development, resulting in spatial variability in stratigraphic stacking patterns.
Meta‐analyses reveal support for the Social Intelligence Hypothesis
Authors: Speechley Elizabeth M. , Ashton Benjamin J. , Foo Yong Zhi , Simmons Leigh W. , Ridley Amanda R. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe Social Intelligence Hypothesis (SIH) is one of the leading explanations for the evolution of cognition. Since its inception a vast body of literature investigating the predictions of the SIH has accumulated, using a variety of methodologies and species. However, the generalisability of the hypothesis remains unclear. To gain an understanding of the robustness of the SIH as an explanation for the evolution of cognition, we systematically searched the literature for studies investigating the predictions of the SIH. Accordingly, we compiled 103 studies with 584 effect sizes from 17 taxonomic orders. We present the results of four meta‐analyses which reveal support for the SIH across interspecific, intraspecific and developmental studies. However, effect sizes did not differ significantly between the cognitive or sociality metrics used, taxonomy or testing conditions. Thus, support for the SIH is similar across studies using neuroanatomy and cognitive performance, those using broad categories of sociality, group size and social interactions, across taxonomic groups, and for tests conducted in captivity or the wild. Overall, our meta‐analyses support the SIH as an evolutionary and developmental explanation for cognitive variation.
Race, community, and doing sociology
Authors: James Carl E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhat further evidence is needed to effectively address the unsatisfactory schooling experiences and educational trajectory of Black youth to help shape their path toward more successful social outcomes? I return to this persistent question in my research to reflect on how I have used sociological research in prior observations, and to build on earlier studies. I show how following research participants over a period of time, and with attention to how they relate to and are nested in community, family and peers, has enabled me to more effectively document their experiences, imaginations, and ambitions from adolescence to adulthood. I contend that longitudinal studies, framed by a community referenced approach, best ensure that we attend to the complex, diverse, and transitional lives of Black youth, and the social, cultural, educational, economic, and political contexts they navigate. At this time of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) initiatives, sociology could help to advance education about, and initiate action for, Black people so that the equity promised by Canadian multiculturalism might be realized.
Use of levothyroxine for euthyroid, thyroid antibody positive women with infertility: Analyses of aggregate data from a survey of European thyroid specialists (Treatment of Hypothyroidism in Europe by Specialists: An International Survey)
Authors: Negro Roberto , Žarković Miloš , Attanasio Roberto , Hegedüs Laszlo , Nagy Endre V. , Papini Enrico , Akarsu Ersin , Alevizaki Maria , Ayvaz Göksun , Bednarczuk Tomasz , Beleslin Biljana Nedeljković , Berta Eszter , Bodor Miklos , Borissova Anna Maria , Boyanov Mihail , Buffet Camille , Burlacu Maria‐Cristina , Ćirić Jamina , Cohen Chagit Adler , Díez Juan J. , Dobnig Harald , Fadeyev Valentin , Field Benjamin C. T. , Fliers Eric , Führer Dagmar , Galofré Juan C. , Hakala Tommi , Jan Jiskra , Kopp Peter , Krebs Michael , Kršek Michal , Kužma Martin , Leenhardt Laurence , Luchytskiy Vitaliy , Puga Francisca Marques , McGowan Anne , Melo Miguel , Metso Saara , Moran Carla , Morgunova Tatyana , Niculescu Dan Alexandru , Perić Božidar , Planck Tereza , Poiana Catalina , Robenshtok Eyal , Rosselet Patrick Olivier , Ruchala Marek , Riis Kamilla Ryom , Shepelkevich Alla , Tronko Mykola , Unuane David , Vardarli Irfan , Visser Edward , Vryonidou Andromachi , Younes Younes R. , Perros Petros 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe use of levothyroxine (LT4) treatment aiming to improve fertility in euthyroid women with positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) is not supported by the available evidence. The aim of the study was to document the use of LT4 by European thyroid specialists in such patients.DesignThe data presented derive from Treatment of Hypothyroidism in Europe by Specialists, an International Survey (THESIS), a questionnaire conducted between 2019 and 2021 to document the management of hypothyroidism by European thyroid specialists. Here, we report the aggregate results on the use of LT4 in infertile, euthyroid women with positive TPOAb.ResultsA total of 2316/5406 (42.8%) respondents stated that LT4 may be indicated in TPOAb positive euthyroid women with infertility. The proportion of those replying positively to this question varied widely across different countries (median 39.4, range 22.9%–83.7%). In multivariate analyses males (OR: 0.8; CI: 0.7–0.9) and respondents >60 years (OR: 0.7; 0.6–0.8) were the least inclined to consider LT4 for this indication. Conversely, respondents managing many thyroid patients (“weekly” [OR: 1.4; CI: 1.0–1.9], “daily” [OR: 1.8; CI: 1.3–2.4]) and practicing in Eastern Europe (OR: 1.5; CI: 1.3–1.9) were most likely to consider LT4.ConclusionsA remarkably high number of respondents surveyed between 2019 and 2021, would consider LT4 treatment in TPOAb positive euthyroid women with infertility. This view varied widely across countries and correlated with sex, age and workload, potentially influencing patient management. These results raise concerns about potential risks of overtreatment.
CAN: Concept‐Aligned Neurons for Visual Comparison of Deep Neural Network Models
Authors: Li M. , Jeong S. , Liu S. , Berger M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present concept‐aligned neurons, or CAN, a visualization design for comparing deep neural networks. The goal of CAN is to support users in understanding the similarities and differences between neural networks, with an emphasis on comparing neuron functionality across different models. To make this comparison intuitive, CAN uses concept‐based representations of neurons to visually align models in an interpretable manner. A key feature of CAN is the hierarchical organization of concepts, which permits users to relate sets of neurons at different levels of detail. CAN's visualization is designed to help compare the semantic coverage of neurons, as well as assess the distinctiveness, redundancy, and multi‐semantic alignment of neurons or groups of neurons, all at different concept granularity. We demonstrate the generality and effectiveness of CAN by comparing models trained on different datasets, neural networks with different architectures, and models trained for different objectives, e.g. adversarial robustness, and robustness to out‐of‐distribution data.
Improving Temporal Treemaps by Minimizing Crossings
Authors: Dobler Alexander , Nöllenburg Martin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTemporal trees are trees that evolve over a discrete set of time steps. Each time step is associated with a node‐weighted rooted tree and consecutive trees change by adding new nodes, removing nodes, splitting nodes, merging nodes, and changing node weights. Recently, two‐dimensional visualizations of temporal trees called temporal treemaps have been proposed, representing the temporal dimension on the x‐axis, and visualizing the tree modifications over time as temporal edges of varying thickness. The tree hierarchy at each time step is depicted as a vertical, one‐dimensional nesting relationships, similarly to standard, non‐temporal treemaps. Naturally, temporal edges can cross in the visualization, decreasing readability. Heuristics were proposed to minimize such crossings in the literature, but a formal characterization and minimization of crossings in temporal treemaps was left open. In this paper, we propose two variants of defining crossings in temporal treemaps that can be combinatorially characterized. For each variant, we propose an exact optimization algorithm based on integer linear programming and heuristics based on graph drawing techniques. In an extensive experimental evaluation, we show that on the one hand the exact algorithms reduce the number of crossings by a factor of 20 on average compared to the previous algorithms. On the other hand, our new heuristics are faster by a factor of more than 100 and still reduce the number of crossings by a factor of almost three.
Investigating the Effect of Operation Mode and Manifestation on Physicalizations of Dynamic Processes
Authors: Pahr Daniel , Ehlers Henry , Wu Hsiang‐Yun , Waldner Manuela , Raidou RenataG. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe conducted a study to systematically investigate the communication of complex dynamic processes along a two‐dimensional design space, where the axes represent a representation's manifestation (physical or virtual) and operation (manual or automatic). We exemplify the design space on a model embodying cardiovascular pathologies, represented by a mechanism where a liquid is pumped into a draining vessel, with complications illustrated through modifications to the model. The results of a mixed‐methods lab study with 28 participants show that both physical manifestation and manual operation have a strong positive impact on the audience's engagement. The study does not show a measurable knowledge increase with respect to cardiovascular pathologies using manually operated physical representations. However, subjectively, participants report a better understanding of the process—mainly through non‐visual cues like haptics, but also auditory cues. The study also indicates an increased task load when interacting with the process, which, however, seems to play a minor role for the participants. Overall, the study shows a clear potential of physicalization for the communication of complex dynamic processes, which only fully unfold if observers have to chance to interact with the process.
Moderate aortic stenosis: Navigating the uncharted
Authors: Caprio Maria Vittoria , De Donno Federica , Bisaccia Giandomenico , Mantini Cesare , Di Baldassarre Angela , Gallina Sabina , Khanji Mohammed Y. , Ricci Fabrizio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAortic stenosis (AS) stands as the most common valvular heart disease in developed countries and is characterized by progressive narrowing of the aortic valve orifice resulting in elevated transvalvular flow resistance, left ventricular hypertrophy, and progressive increased risk of heart failure and sudden death. This narrative review explores clinical challenges and evolving perspectives in moderate AS, where discrepancies between aortic valve area and pressure gradient measurements may pose diagnostic and therapeutic quandaries. Transthoracic echocardiography is the first‐line imaging modality for AS evaluation, yet cases of discordance may require the application of ancillary noninvasive diagnostic modalities. This review underscores the importance of accurate grading of AS severity, especially in low‐gradient phenotypes, emphasizing the need for vigilant follow‐up. Current clinical guidelines primarily recommend aortic valve replacement for severe AS, potentially overlooking latent risks in moderate disease stages. The noninvasive multimodality imaging approach—including echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and nuclear techniques—provides unique insights into adaptive and maladaptive cardiac remodeling in AS and offers a promising avenue to deliver precise indications and exact timing for intervention in moderate AS phenotypes and asymptomatic patients, potentially improving long‐term outcomes. Nevertheless, what we may have gleaned from a large amount of observational data is still insufficient to build a robust framework for clinical decision‐making in moderate AS. Future research will prioritize randomized clinical trials designed to weigh the benefits and risks of preemptive aortic valve replacement in the management of moderate AS, as directed by specific imaging and nonimaging biomarkers.