bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effects of IL‐6 on IGF‐1 activity in skeletal myoblasts could be mediated by the activation of SOCS‐3
Authors: Al‐Shanti Nasser , Stewart Claire E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn elderly people, low and high levels of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), respectively, are well documented and may contribute to reduced muscle mass and poor muscle function of ageing and suggesting a biological interactions between IGF‐1 and IL‐6. However, the dual effect of IGF‐1/IL‐6 on skeletal muscle differentiation and proliferation has not been fully investigated. We therefore hypothesised that IL‐6 impairs the biological activity of IGF‐1 in skeletal muscle through inhibiting its signalling pathways, ERK1/2 and Akt. Our aim was to examine the combined effects of these factors on models of muscle wasting, with objectives to examine skeletal muscle differentiation and proliferation using the murine C2 skeletal muscle cell line. Cells were cultured with DM, IGF‐1 and IL‐6 alone (control treatments), or co‐cultured with IGF‐1/IL‐6. Co‐incubation of C2 cells in IGF‐1 plus IL‐6 resulted in maximal cell death (22 ± 4%; P < 0.005) compared with control treatments (14 ± 2.9%). This was also confirmed by cyclin D1 expression levels in co‐incubation treatments (7 ± 3.5%; P < 0.05) compared with control treatments (∼23%). The expression levels of myogenic‐specific transcriptional factor mRNAs (myoD and myogenin) were also significantly (P < 0.005) reduced by 70% and 90%, respectively, under the co‐incubation regimes, compared with control treatments. Signalling investigations showed significant phosphorylation reduction by 20%, (P < 0.05) of ERK1/2 and Akt in co‐incubation treatments relative to either treatment alone. Expression studies for SOCS‐3 (1.6‐fold ± 0.08, P < 0.05) and IRS‐1 (0.65‐fold ± 0.13 P < 0.005) mRNAs showed significant elevation and reduction for both genes, respectively, in co‐treatments relative to control treatments. These data may suggest that IL‐6 exerts its inhibitory effects on IGF‐1 signalling pathways (ERK1/2 and Akt) through blocking its receptor substrate IRS‐1 by SOCS‐3. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 923–933, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
JCV agnoprotein‐induced reduction in CXCL5/LIX secretion by oligodendrocytes is associated with activation of apoptotic signaling in neurons
Authors: Merabova Nana , Kaminski Rafal , Krynska Barbara , Amini Shohreh , Khalili Kamel , Darbinyan Armine 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn indispensable role for oligodendrocytes in the protection of axon function and promotion of neuronal survival is strongly supported by the finding of progressive neuron/axon degeneration in human neurological diseases that affect oligodendrocytes. Imaging and pathological studies of the CNS have shown the presence of neuroaxonal injury in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a demyelinating disease of the CNS, resulting from destruction of oligodendrocytes upon productive replication of the pathogenic neurotropic polyomavirus JC. Here, we examined the extracellular factors involved in communication between oligodendrocytes and neurons. Culturing cortical neurons with conditioned medium (CM) from rat CG4 oligodendrocytic cells that express the JCV agnoprotein showed that CXCL5/LIX, which is a chemokine closely related to the human CXCL5/ENA78 and CXCL6/GCP‐2 chemokines, is essential for neuronal cell survival. We found that in CM from agnoprotein‐producing CG‐4 cells level of CXC5/LIX is decreased compared to control cells. We also demonstrated that a reduced expression of CXCL5/LIX by CG4 GFP‐Agno cells triggered a cascade of signaling events in cortical neurons. Analysis of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3) pathways showed that they are involved in mechanisms of neuronal apoptosis in response to the depletion of CXCL5/LIX signaling. These data suggest that agnoprotein‐induced dysregulation of chemokine production by oligodendrocytes may contribute to neuronal/axonal injury in the pathogenesis of PML lesions. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3119–3127, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance of an online translation tool when applied to patient educational material
Authors: Khanna Raman R. , Karliner Leah S. , Eck Matthias , Vittinghoff Eric , Koenig Christopher J. , Fang Margaret C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Language barriers may prevent clinicians from tailoring patient educational material to the needs of individuals with limited English proficiency. Online translation tools could fill this gap, but their accuracy is unknown. We evaluated the accuracy of an online translation tool for patient educational material.METHODS:We selected 45 sentences from a pamphlet available in both English and Spanish, and translated it into Spanish using GoogleTranslate™ (GT). Three bilingual Spanish speakers then performed a blinded evaluation on these 45 sentences, comparing GT‐translated sentences to those translated professionally, along four domains: fluency (grammatical correctness), adequacy (information preservation), meaning (connotation maintenance), and severity (perceived dangerousness of an error if present). In addition, evaluators indicated whether they had a preference for either the GT‐translated or professionally translated sentences.RESULTS:The GT‐translated sentences had significantly lower fluency scores compared to the professional translation (3.4 vs 4.7, P < 0.001), but similar adequacy (4.2 vs 4.5, P = 0.19) and meaning (4.5 vs 4.8, P = 0.29) scores. The GT‐translated sentences were more likely to have any error (39% vs 22%, P = 0.05), but not statistically more likely to have a severe error (4% vs 2%, P = 0.61). Evaluators preferred the professional translation for complex sentences, but not for simple ones.DISCUSSION:When applied to patient educational material, GT performed comparably to professional human translation in terms of preserving information and meaning, though it was slightly worse in preserving grammar. In situations where professional human translations are unavailable or impractical, online translation may someday fill an important niche. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
Determination of cystic duct patency using hepatobiliary MRI with gadoxetate disodium: Is T1 precontrast imaging necessary?
Authors: Corwin Michael T. , Karam Adib R. , Baker Stephen P. , Kim Young H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPurpose:To determine the need for precontrast T1‐weighted imaging in determining cystic duct patency using hepatobiliary phase imaging with gadoxetate disodium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and Methods:MRI exams using gadoxetate disodium from October 4, 2008 to April 14, 2010 were reviewed in a retrospective fashion. Two reviewers independently reviewed only the 20‐minute T1‐weighted delayed postcontrast images to determine the presence of excreted contrast in the gallbladder lumen. Contrast was deemed present if hyperintense signal material was seen in the antidependent portion of the gallbladder lumen. The actual presence of contrast in the gallbladder was determined by directly comparing the pre‐ and postcontrast T1‐weighted images using consensus review.Results:In all, 187 cases were included. Three (1.6%) were deemed indeterminate due to complete homogeneous opacification of the gallbladder. All three cases were identified as indeterminate by both reviewers. Of the remaining 184 cases, 136 filled (74%) and 48 did not fill (26%). Both reviewers correctly identified 136/136 cases of gallbladder filling. Reviewer A identified 47/48 cases of nonfilling and reviewer B identified 46/48 cases of nonfilling. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 98% for reviewer A and 100% and 96% for reviewer B, respectively.Conclusion:The presence of excreted contrast in the gallbladder lumen can be determined using gadoxetate disodium‐enhanced MRI without precontrast T1‐weighted imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;35:601‐606. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Muscle tissue atrophy, extramuscular and intramuscular fat accumulation, and fat gradient after delayed repair of the supraspinatus tendon: A comparative study in the rabbit
Authors: Trudel Guy , Ryan Stephen E. , Rakhra Kawan , Uhthoff Hans K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTo investigate the atrophy of supraspinatus (SSP) muscle tissue and accumulation of extramuscular fat (e‐fat) and intramuscular fat (i‐fat) after delayed repair of the SSP tendon, and to correlate CT findings with histology. One SSP tendon of 36 rabbits was transected, then repaired in groups of 12 at 4, 8, or 12 weeks and then followed for 12 weeks. Thirty‐six normal shoulders served as controls. We compared the SSP muscle, e‐fat weights and volumes, muscle tissue and i‐fat areas on histology, e‐fat and attenuation values on CT between the experimental and control shoulders. CT‐to‐histology correlations were run. SSP muscle tissue atrophy, e‐fat and i‐fat accumulation were present after tendon repair delayed by 4, 8, or 12 weeks (all p < 0.05). Both e‐fat and i‐fat accumulation presented increasing proximal‐to‐distal gradients (both p < 0.05). CT depicted the muscle tissue atrophy, e‐fat and i‐fat accumulation, and increasing proximal‐to‐distal gradients (all p < 0.05). We found strong CT‐to‐histology correlations (p < 0.05). SSP muscles showed tissue atrophy, e‐fat and i‐fat accumulation after successful SSP tendon repairs delayed by 4, 8, or 12 weeks. Subtracting i‐fat from the muscle area determined the SSP muscle tissue atrophy. Increasing proximal‐to‐distal fat gradients were diagnostic if not pathognomonic of an initial SSP tendon disruption. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:781–786, 2012
Horizontal matter fluxes and leaching losses in urban and peri‐urban agriculture of Kabul, Afghanistan
Authors: Safi Zikrullah , Predotova Martina , Schlecht Eva , Buerkert Andreas 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLittle is known about nutrient fluxes and nutrient‐use efficiencies in urban and peri‐urban agriculture (UPA) of rapidly expanding cities in developing countries. Therefore, horizontal flows of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) as well as leaching losses of mineral N and P were measured over 2 years in three representative agricultural production systems of Kabul. These comprised 21 gardens and 18 fields dedicated to vegetable farming, cereal farming, and table‐grape production (vineyards). Across sites (fields and gardens) biennial inputs averaged 375 kg N ha–1, 155 kg P ha–1, 145 kg K ha–1, and 15 kg C ha–1 while with harvests 305 kg N ha–1, 40 kg P ha–1, 330 kg K ha–1, and 7 kg C ha–1 were removed. In vegetable gardens, biennial net balances were 80 kg N ha–1, 75 kg P ha–1, –205 kg K ha–1, and 4 kg C ha–1, whereas in cereal farming biennial horizontal balances amounted to –155 kg N ha–1, 20 kg P ha–1, –355 kg K ha–1, and 5 kg C ha–1. In vineyards, corresponding values were 295 kg N ha–1, 235 kg P ha–1, 5 kg K ha–1, and 3 kg C ha–1. Annual leaching losses in two selected vegetable gardens varied from 70 to 205 kg N ha–1 and from 5 to 10 kg P ha–1. Night soil and irrigation water were the major sources among the applied nutrient inputs in all studied farming systems, contributing on average 12% and 25% to total N, 22% and 12% to total P, 41% and 53% to total K, and 79% and 10% to total C, respectively. The results suggest that soils in extensive cereal fields are at risk of N and K depletion and in vegetable gardens of K depletion, while vineyards may be oversupplied with nutrients possibly contributing to groundwater contamination. This merits verification.
Laser und andere Lichtquellen in der Medizintechnik
Authors: Schickedanz Jörg , Netz Uwe 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDie ersten Laser Anfang der 60er Jahre des letzten Jahrhunderts fanden ihre Anwendung bevorzugt in der Ophthalmologie und Dermatologie. Mit den technischen Möglichkeiten in der Photonik haben sich auch die Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der Medizin rasch weiterentwickelt. Neben dem klassischen Einsatz als Laser‐Skalpell sind vielfältige Anwendungen in Therapie und Diagnostik bis hin zur Molekularen Medizin in der Theranostik vorstellbar.
LASIK Anwendungen mit Excimerlasern in der Medizin
Authors: Schulze Matthias 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDer Einsatz von Excimerlasern in der Ophthalmologie in LASIK (Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) Anwendungen ist eine sehr erfolgreiche Therapie und ein Wachstumsmarkt in der Lasermedizin. Coherent ist der führende Hersteller von Excimerlasern für weltweite OEM Kunden, die Gerätelösungen für Ärzte und Kliniken anbieten.
Theoretical prediction on HAlS+ and HSAl+ cations using multiconfiguration second‐order perturbation theory
Authors: Li Wen‐Zuo , Pei Yu‐Wei , Geng F.‐F. , Cheng Jian‐Bo , Li Qing‐Zhong , Gong Bao‐An 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSome low‐lying states of the HAlS+ and HSAl+ cations have been studied for the first time by large‐scale theoretical calculations using three methods: complete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF), complete active second‐order perturbation theory (CASPT2), and density functional theory Becke's three‐parameter hybrid function with the nonlocal correlation of Lee–Yang–Parr (B3LYP) with the contracted atomic natural orbital (ANO‐L) and cc‐pVTZ basis sets. The geometries of all stationary points along the potential energy surfaces (PESs) were optimized at the CASSCF/ANO‐L and B3LYP/cc‐pVTZ levels. The ground and the first excited states of linear HAlS+ are predicted to be X2Π and A2Σ+ states, respectively. For the linear HSAl+ structure, the first excited state is A2Σ+. The X2Π state of linear HSAl+ is a second‐order saddle point, because it has two imaginary frequencies. Two bent global minima M1 and M2 were found along the 12A′ and 12A″ PESs, respectively. The CASPT2/ANO‐L potential energy curves of isomerization reactions were calculated as a function of HAlS bond angle. According to our calculations, the ground‐state HAlS+ is linear, whereas the ground‐state HSAl+ is bent. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
On the time‐dependent solutions of the Schrödinger's equation. II. The one‐mode field perturbed harmonic oscillator
Authors: Palma A. , Villa M. , Sandoval L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe solution of the time‐dependent Schrödinger's equation for a perturbed harmonic oscillator is obtained using a solvable Lie algebra. We choose a harmonic oscillator interacting with a one‐mode field, where the perturbation happens to be periodic in time. This leads to one of the simplest Floquet problems. Using the Wei–Norman theorem, the Floquet wave function is obtained as well as the semiclassical Floquet shift in the energy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Structural Features and Physical Properties of In2Bi3Se7I, InBi2Se4I, and BiSeI
Authors: Rosenthal Tobias , Döblinger Markus , Wagatha Peter , Gold Christian , Scheidt Ernst‐Wilhelm , Scherer Wolfgang , Oeckler Oliver 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe quaternary compounds In2Bi3Se7I and InBi2Se4I have been synthesized via gas phase reactions. They decompose above ca. 400 °C, losing iodine and forming binary compounds. Their crystal structures have been solved and refined using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data (In2Bi3Se7I: space group Pnma, a = 13.6720(2), b = 4.0893(3), c = 16.7070(2) Å; InBi2Se4I: space group Pnma, a = 26.6039(14), b = 4.1285(2), c = 13.5031(9) Å). Both compounds show structural features related to those found in alkali metal bismuth chalcogenides known for their good thermoelectric properties such as β‐K2Bi8Se13. All these structures contain rocksalt‐like building blocks as well as CdI2‐like fragments and loosely bound anions (selenide halides) or cations (alkali metal selenides), respectively, located in rather large cavities which suggests the possibility of phonon scattering by rattling. The electrical resistivity of In2Bi3Se7I and InBi2Se4I conforms to semiconducting behavior.The total thermal conductivity of sintered pellets of In2BiSe4I exhibits a maximum of 0.7 W·K–1·m–1 at 22 K. The rather high electrical resistivity of In2Bi3Se7I and In2BiSe4I is probably a consequence of the different electronegativities of the constituting elements in combination with the balanced valence states. The related compound BiSeI has a lower electrical resistivity and a higher thermal conductivity featuring a maximum of 10.3 W·K–1·m–1 at 8.2 K; its Seebeck coefficient (S) amounts to –55 μV·K–1 at 295 K.
Two New Layered Lanthanide‐Carboxylate Coordination Networks with Unusual Topologies
Authors: Hong Jun , Wang Shan‐Shan , Wang Miao‐Miao , Liu Ling , Li Xiu‐Ying 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo new rare earth coordination polymers, [Sm(HIDC)(ox)0.5(H2O)] (1) and [Pr(HIDC)(ox)0.5(H2O)2]·H2O (2) (H3IDC = 4, 5‐imidazoledicarboxylic acid, ox = oxalate), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, TGA, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. They exhibit novel (3, 4)‐connected double and single layered architectures with unprecedented (63)(66) and (4.52)(4.53.72) topologies, respectively. They are, to the best of our knowledge, the first examples constructed by IDC ligand combining with a second carboxylate ligand hitherto.
Metabolic and Nutritional Support of the Enterocutaneous Fistula Patient: A Three‐Phase Approach
Authors: Polk Travis M. , Schwab C. William 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe care and outcome of enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) have improved greatly over several decades due to revolutionary advances in nutrition, along with dramatic improvements in the treatment of sepsis and the critically ill. However, as the collective experience with damage control surgery has matured, the frequent development of enteroatmospheric fistula (EAF) in the “open abdomen” patient has emerged as an even more vexing problem. Despite our best efforts, ECF and especially EAF continue to be highly morbid conditions, and sepsis and malnutrition remain the leading causes of death. Aggressive nutritional and metabolic support is the most significant predictor of outcome with ECF and EAF.ResultsDiscussion of the historical advances in nutritional therapy and their impact on ECF, as well as review of the classification of ECF and EAF, provides a framework for the suggested phased strategy that specifically targets the nutritional and metabolic needs of the ECF/EAF patient. These three phases include (1) diagnosis, resuscitation, and early interval nutrition; (2) definition of fistula anatomy, drainage of collections, nutritional assessment and monitoring, and placement of feeding access; and (3) definitive nutritional management, including pharmacologic adjuncts. Early nutritional support with parenteral nutrition followed by transition to enteral nutrition is advocated, including the merits of delivery of enteral nutrition via the fistula itself, known as fistuloclysis.ConclusionAggressive nutritional therapy is necessary to reverse the catabolic state associated with ECF/EAF patients. Once established, it allows proper time, preparation, and planning for definitive management of the fistula, and in many cases provides the support for spontaneous closure.
Use of lookout watches over forest to estimate detection, dispersion and density of hornbills, Great Argus and diurnal raptors at Bala forest, Thailand, compared with results from in-forest line transects and spot maps
Authors: KEMP ALAN , KEMP MEG , THONG-AREE SIRIPORN 
Published: October 2011

SummaryWe estimated detection, dispersion and density of 10 hornbill, one pheasant and nine diurnal raptor species at Bala forest, southern Thailand, throughout 2004. We conducted 620 1-h lookout watches over the forest canopy from 14 elevated locations along 13.1 km of paved road through Bala, during which we recorded all detections and movements of target species. For a further 619 h, we also recorded all in-forest detections of target species during excursions along and adjacent to the road. Our records covered all months of the year and hours of the day, enabling us to estimate seasonal and diurnal patterns of detection for each target species. We found significant seasonal and diurnal variation for all commoner species in rates of overall detection, visual versus aural detection, and vociferousness. We related most monthly variation to the timing of nesting and most hourly variation to aspects of the behavioural ecology of each species. We used three techniques to estimate dispersion and density for each species, two from lookouts based on our counts of individuals or breeding units per unit area observed, and one from spot maps of core breeding units within 500 m of the road. Differences in our estimates of density varied within and between species, but were mostly lowest for the mean number of individuals detected from lookouts and highest for the maximum of breeding units, whether from lookout detections or core area counts from spot maps. These ranges of densities and their variance indicate upper and lower estimates for each species, and the differences between them and other survey techniques were explicable partly by the behavioural ecology of each species or apparent changes in density. Our density estimates never exceeded the highest comparative estimates for target species or near relatives in other forest habitats, although few were available for diurnal raptors. We suggest that 1-h lookout watches over forest, where feasible, offer alternative and efficient estimates of detection, dispersion and density to conventional distance-sampling techniques conducted from within forest. They will achieve optimum accuracy when conducted during the most detectable periods for target species, particularly for obvious and sparsely dispersed bird species.
Modelling declassification policies using abstract domain completeness
Authors: MASTROENI ISABELLA , BANERJEE ANINDYA 
Published: October 2011

This paper explores a three dimensional characterisation of a declassification-based non-interference policy and its consequences. Two of the dimensions consist of specifying:(a)the power of the attacker, that is, what public information a program has that an attacker can observe; and(b)what secret information a program has that needs to be protected.Both these dimensions are regulated by the third dimension:(c)the choice of program semantics, for example, trace semantics or denotational semantics, or any semantics in Cousot's semantics hierarchy.To check whether a program satisfies a non-interference policy, one can compute an abstract domain that over-approximates the information released by the policy and then check whether program execution can release more information than permitted by the policy. Counterexamples to a policy can be generated by using a variant of the Paige–Tarjan algorithm for partition refinement. Given the counterexamples, the policy can be refined so that the least amount of confidential information required for making the program secure is declassified.