bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADVANCED CONSERVATIVE LIBERALISM: PARTY AND PRINCIPLE IN TROLLOPE'S PARLIAMENTARY NOVELS
Authors: Craig David M. 
Published: May 2010

When, on 17 November 1868, Anthony Trollope came bottom of the poll at Beverley in Yorkshire, his cherished ambition to become a Liberal MP was at an end. He had advocated the key elements of the liberal program – Irish Church disestablishment and national education – but this mattered little in a notoriously corrupt borough which was shortly to be stripped of its representation (Tingay). He later explained in hisAutobiography(1883) that since he was deprived of a parliamentary seat, he instead used characters in his fiction “for the expression of my political or social convictions . . . they have served me as safety-valves by which to deliver my soul” (112–13). This reflection starkly conveys the sense of a man literally bursting with opinions, but it sits oddly with the common view of critics that Trollope's parliamentary novels depicted political life primarily in social terms; that unlike Disraeli he was not especially interested in exploring issues and testing convictions; and that he had “very few political ideas” (Brantlinger 209).
COSMOPOLITANISM, FEMINISM, AND THE MOVING BODY
Authors: Walkowitz Judith R. 
Published: May 2010

In October 1894, Mrs. Laura OrmistonChant, a feminist purity reformer, successfully challenged the music and dancing license of the Empire Theatre of Varieties before the licensing committee of the London County Council. Mrs. Chant raised two objections to the management of the Empire: first, that “the promenade, an open space behind the dress circle in front of the bar,” where 500 people circulated nightly, was used “as the habitual resort of prostitutes in pursuit of their traffic.” Her “second indictment” was that parts of the performance on stage were exceedingly indecent, including the costumes of the ballet dancers (“London County Council”). Chant had gone to the Empire promenade, twice dressed in her “best” evening gown, and been herself accosted. Her protest, declaredThe Sketch, provoked the “battle of the Empire,” a “great fight . . . waged with a war of words, a battery of correspondence, and a skirmish of sketches” (qtd in Faulk 77). Visually commemorated in the illustrated press and in numerous music hall spoofs, the “Battle of the Empire” was most extensively covered in the correspondence columns of theDaily Telegraph, under the heading, “Prudes on the Prowl.”
The impact of nutrition education with and without a school garden on knowledge, vegetable intake and preferences and quality of school life among primary-school students
Authors: Morgan Philip J , Warren Janet M , Lubans David R , Saunders Kristen L , Quick Garbrielle I , Collins Clare E 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of school garden-enhanced nutrition education (NE) on children’s fruit and vegetable consumption, vegetable preferences, fruit and vegetable knowledge and quality of school life.DesignQuasi-experimental 10-week intervention with nutrition education and garden (NE&G), NE only and control groups. Fruit and vegetable knowledge, vegetable preferences (willingness to taste and taste ratings), fruit and vegetable consumption (24 h recall × 2) and quality of school life (QoSL) were measured at baseline and 4-month follow-up.SettingTwo primary schools in the Hunter Region, New South Wales, Australia.SubjectsA total of 127 students in Grades 5 and 6 (11–12 years old; 54 % boys).ResultsRelative to controls, significant between-group differences were found for NE&G and NE students for overall willingness to taste vegetables (P < 0·001) and overall taste ratings of vegetables (P < 0·001). A treatment effect was found for the NE&G group for: ability to identify vegetables (P < 0·001); willingness to taste capsicum (P = 0·04), broccoli (P = 0·01), tomato (P < 0·001) and pea (P = 0·02); and student preference to eat broccoli (P < 0·001) and pea (P < 0·001) as a snack. No group-by-time differences were found for vegetable intake (P = 0·22), fruit intake (P = 0·23) or QoSL (P = 0·98).ConclusionsSchool gardens can impact positively on primary-school students’ willingness to taste vegetables and their vegetable taste ratings, but given the complexity of dietary behaviour change, more comprehensive strategies are required to increase vegetable intake.
The origins of governments: from anarchy to hierarchy
Authors: BAKER MATTHEW , BULTE ERWIN , WEISDORF JACOB 
Published: May 2010

Abstract:We analyze development trajectories of early civilizations where population size and technology are endogenous, and derive conditions under which such societies optimally ‘switch’ from anarchy to hierarchy – when it is optimal to elect and support a ruler. The ruler provides an efficient level of law and order, but creams off part of society's surplus for his own consumption. Switching to hierarchy occurs if the state of technology exceeds a threshold value, but societies may also be ‘trapped’ at lower levels of technology, perpetuating conditions of anarchy. We present empirical evidence based on the Standard Cross Cultural Sample that support the model's main predictions.
ATP storage and uptake by isolated pancreatic zymogen granules
Authors: Haanes Kristian A. , Novak Ivana 
Published: May 2010

ATP is released from pancreatic acini in response to cholinergic and hormonal stimulation. The same stimuli cause exocytosis of ZG (zymogen granules) and release of digestive enzymes. The aim of the present study was to determine whether ZG stored ATP and to characterize the uptake mechanism for ATP transport into the ZG. ZG were isolated and the ATP content was measured using luciferin/luciferase assays and was related to protein in the sample. The estimate of ATP concentration in freshly isolated granules was 40–120 μM. The ATP uptake had an apparent Km value of 4.9±2.1 mM when granules were incubated without Mg2+ and a Km value of 0.47±0.05 mM in the presence of Mg2+, both in pH 6.0 buffers. The uptake of ATP was significantly higher at pH 7.2 compared with pH 6.0 solutions. The anion transport blockers DIDS (4,4′-di-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate) and Evans Blue inhibited ATP transport. Western blot analysis on the ZG showed the presence of VNUT (vesicular nucleotide transporter). Together, these findings indicate that VNUT may be responsible for the ATP uptake into ZG. Furthermore, the present study shows the presence of ATP together with digestive enzymes in ZG. This indicates that co-released ATP would regulate P2 receptors in pancreatic ducts and, thus, ductal secretion, and this would aid delivery of enzymes to the duodenum.
Structural investigation of the C-terminal catalytic fragment of presenilin 1
Authors: Sobhanifar Solmaz , Schneider Birgit , Löhr Frank , Gottstein Daniel , Ikeya Teppei , Mlynarczyk Krzysztof , Pulawski Wojciech , Ghoshdastider Umesh , Kolinski Michal , Filipek Slawomir , Güntert Peter , Bernhard Frank , Dötsch Volker 
Published: May 2010

The γ-secretase complex has a decisive role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease, in that it cleaves a precursor to create the amyloid β peptide whose aggregates form the senile plaques encountered in the brains of patients. Γ-secretase is a member of the intramembrane-cleaving proteases which process their transmembrane substrates within the bilayer. Many of the mutations encountered in early onset familial Alzheimer’s disease are linked to presenilin 1, the catalytic component of γ-secretase, whose active form requires its endoproteolytic cleavage into N-terminal and C-terminal fragments. Although there is general agreement regarding the topology of the N-terminal fragment, studies of the C-terminal fragment have yielded ambiguous and contradictory results that may be difficult to reconcile in the absence of structural information. Here we present the first structure of the C-terminal fragment of human presenilin 1, as obtained from NMR studies in SDS micelles. The structure reveals a topology where the membrane is likely traversed three times in accordance with the more generally accepted nine transmembrane domain model of presenilin 1, but contains unique structural features adapted to accommodate the unusual intramembrane catalysis. These include a putative half-membrane-spanning helix N-terminally harboring the catalytic aspartate, a severely kinked helical structure toward the C terminus as well as a soluble helix in the assumed-to-be unstructured N-terminal loop.
CHOYCE: a web server for constrained homology modelling with cryoEM maps
Authors: Rawi Reda , Whitmore Lee , Topf Maya 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Summary: CHOYCE is a web server for homology modelling of protein components and the fitting of those components into cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) maps of their assemblies. It provides an interactive approach to improving the selection of models based on the quality of their fit into the EM map.
Availability: http://choyce.ismb.lon.ac.uk/
Contact: m.topf@cryst.bbk.ac.uk; reda.rawi@uni-due.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SensSB: a software toolbox for the development and sensitivity analysis of systems biology models
Authors: Rodriguez-Fernandez Maria , Banga Julio R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Summary: SensSB (Sensitivity Analysis for Systems Biology) is an easy to use, MATLAB-based software toolbox, which integrates several local and global sensitivity methods that can be applied to a wide variety of biological models. In addition to addressing the sensitivity analysis problem, SensSB aims to cover all the steps involved during the modeling process. The main features of SensSB are: (i) derivative and variance-based global sensitivity analysis, (ii) pseudo-global identifiability analysis, (iii) optimal experimental design (OED) based on global sensitivities, (iv) robust parameter estimation, (v) local sensitivity and identifiability analysis, (vi) confidence intervals of the estimated parameters and (vii) OED based on the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM). SensSB is also able to import models in the Systems Biology Mark-up Language (SBML) format. Several examples from simple analytical functions to more complex biological pathways have been implemented and can be downloaded together with the toolbox. The importance of using sensitivity analysis techniques for identifying unessential parameters and designing new experiments is quantified by increased identifiability metrics of the models and decreased confidence intervals of the estimated parameters.
Availability: SensSB is a software toolbox freely downloadable from http://www.iim.csic.es/∼gingproc/SensSB.html. The web site also contains several examples and an extensive documentation.
Contact: mrodriguez@iim.csic.es
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Growth Hormone in Active Pediatric Crohn Disease
Authors: Denson Lee A , Kim Mi‐Ok , Bezold Ramona , Carey Rebecca , Osuntokun Bankole , Nylund Cade , Willson Tara , Bonkowski Erin , Li Dandan , Ballard Edgar , Collins Margaret , Moyer M Susan , Klein David J 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:Growth hormone (GH) may reduce symptoms and improve growth in Crohn disease (CD). The effect on mucosal inflammation is not known. We hypothesized that GH would improve both clinical and mucosal disease activity and stimulate linear growth in pediatric CD.Patients and Methods:Twenty patients ages 7 to 18 receiving corticosteroids (CTX) for active CD were randomized to begin GH, 0.075 mg · kg−1 · day−1 (group A), or continue CTX alone (group B). Clinical and endoscopic disease activities were assessed after 12 weeks. Group B began GH at 12 weeks, and clinical disease activity was assessed at 24 weeks. Subjects who experienced a clinical response after 12 weeks of GH therapy continued treatment for an additional 52 weeks, and linear growth was assessed.Results:Sixty‐five percent of patients receiving GH achieved clinical remission, compared with 20% treated with CTX alone (P = 0.03). Although endoscopic disease activity trended toward an improvement at week 12 in group A, this did not differ between the groups. Sixty‐one percent of week 12 GH responders maintained their clinical response through week 64. Mean (95th confidence interval) height z score on GH increased from −1.1 (−1.6, −0.6) to −0.4 (−1, 0.2), P = 0.004 during this 52‐week extension phase. GH was well tolerated with no unexpected safety signals.Conclusions:The addition of GH to CTX therapy did not induce a reduction in mucosal inflammation, relative to CTX alone. However, GH was safe and effective as an adjunct to CTX for treatment of clinical disease activity and growth failure in pediatric CD.
Cow's‐Milk–free Diet as a Therapeutic Option in Childhood Chronic Constipation
Authors: Irastorza Inaki , Ibañez Berta , Delgado‐Sanzonetti Lissette , Maruri Natalia , Vitoria Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTObjectives:It has been reported that a number of children with constipation respond to a diet free of cow's‐milk (CM) proteins, although evidence is lacking to support an immunoglobulin E–mediated mechanism.Patients and Methods:We performed an open‐label crossover study comparing CM and rice milk in 69 children who fulfilled Rome III criteria for chronic constipation. Clinical, physical, and immunologic parameters of patients who responded (R) and who did not respond (NR) to a CM‐free diet were compared.Results:Thirty‐five of the 69 children (51%) improved during the first CM‐free diet phase, 8 of these did not develop constipation when CM was reintroduced, and 27 children (39%) developed constipation during the CM challenge and improved during the second CM‐free diet phase (R group). Thirty‐four children (49%) did not improve during the first CM‐free diet phase (NR group). Bowel movements per week among R children significantly increased compared with NR children (R: 2.8–7.7 vs NR: 2.6–2.7) (P < 0.001). Seventy‐eight percent of the children with developmental delay responded to the CM‐free diet (P = 0.007). No significant statistical difference was found between the R and NR children in terms of fiber and milk consumption; atopic or allergic history; full‐blood eosinophil count and percentage, and lymphocyte populations; immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin (Ig)G subclasses, total IgE; and serum‐specific immunoglobulin E for CM proteins.Conclusions:A clear association between CM consumption and constipation has been found in more than one third of children. However, analytical parameters do not demonstrate an immunoglobulin E‐mediated immunologic mechanism.
Practical Approach to Paediatric Enteral Nutrition: A Comment by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition
Authors:   ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition:, Braegger Christian , Decsi Tamas , Dias Jorge Amil , Hartman Corina , Kolaček Sanja , Koletzko Berthold , Koletzko Sibylle , Mihatsch Walter , Moreno Luis , Puntis John , Shamir Raanan , Szajewska Hania , Turck Dominique , van Goudoever Johannes 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTEnteral nutrition support (ENS) involves both the delivery of nutrients via feeding tubes and the provision of specialised oral nutritional supplements. ENS is indicated in a patient with at least a partially functioning digestive tract when oral intake is inadequate or intake of normal food is inappropriate to meet the patients' needs. The aim of this comment by the Committee on Nutrition of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition is to provide a clinical practice guide to ENS, based on the available evidence and the clinical expertise of the authors. Statements and recommendations are presented, and future research needs highlighted, with a particular emphasis placed on a practical approach to ENS.Among the wide array of enteral formulations, standard polymeric feeds based on cow's‐milk protein with fibre and age adapted for energy and nutrient content are suitable for most paediatric patients. Whenever possible, intragastric is preferred to postpyloric delivery of nutrients, and intermittent feeding is preferred to continuous feeding because it is more physiological. An anticipated duration of enteral nutrition (EN) exceeding 4 to 6 weeks is an indication for gastrostomy or enterostomy. Among the various gastrostomy techniques available, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is currently the first option. In general, both patients and caregivers express satisfaction with this procedure, although it is associated with a number of well‐recognised complications. We strongly recommend the development and application of procedural protocols that include scrupulous attention to hygiene, as well as regular monitoring by a multidisciplinary nutrition support team to minimise the risk of EN‐associated complications.
Systematic review: fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Van Langenberg D. R. , Gibson P. R. 
Published: May 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 131–143SummaryBackground  Fatigue is common, disabling yet underappreciated, in patients with chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Aims  To examine the literature and determine the prevalence and patterns of fatigue in IBD patients, to identify opportunities and directions for future research in this area.Methods  A systematic review using PubMed and Ovid Medline databases was conducted using search terms ‘fatigue’, ‘Crohn’, ‘colitis’ and ‘inflammatory bowel disease’. A review of fatigue in other similar chronic diseases was also performed.Results  Ten studies were found to include data on fatigue in IBD patients; all were conducted between 1999 and 2009. However, only one study (in children) measured fatigue in IBD patients as a primary outcome. In patients in remission, the prevalence of fatigue in IBD patients ranges from 41 to 48%. Data are sparse and conflicting on whether fatigue severity is proportional to disease severity/activity.Conclusions  Despite the clinical reality of fatigue, there are few published studies examining fatigue in IBD as a primary outcome. More data are needed on the prevalence, correlation between disease activity and fatigue severity, and putative pathogenic pathways involved in fatigue pathogenesis, before ultimately elucidating targeted therapies for fatigue in IBD patients.
Pre‐operative vitamin B infusion and prevention of nitrous oxide‐induced homocysteine increase
Authors: Rao L. K. , Francis A. M. , Wilcox U. , Miller J. P. , Nagele P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNitrous oxide inactivates vitamin B12 with detrimental consequences for folate and methionine metabolism, detectable by an increase in total plasma homocysteine. We hypothesised that a pre‐operative vitamin B12 and folate infusion prevents nitrous oxide‐induced homocysteine increase. Sixty‐three healthy patients having elective surgery were randomly allocated to receive either B‐vitamin plus nitrous oxide; placebo plus nitrous oxide or placebo plus air. Fifty‐nine patients completed the study. After intravenous B‐vitamin infusion, plasma vitamin B12 and folate concentrations increased 35‐fold and 12‐fold, respectively, on the first postoperative measurement. Patients who received B‐vitamins developed a similar increase (18%) in homocysteine after nitrous oxide (1.9 μmol.l−1; 95% CI 0.2–3.6 μmol.l−1) as those who did not (22%; 2.7 μmol.l−1; 95% CI 0.6–4.8 μmol.l−1). Patients not receiving nitrous oxide had no homocysteine change (0.5 μmol.l−1; 95% CI −0.8–1.9 μmol.l−1), indicating that pre‐operative intravenous B‐vitamins may not prevent nitrous oxide‐induced hyperhomocysteinaemia.
Massive parallel sequencing in animal genetics: wherefroms and wheretos
Authors: Pérez‐Enciso M. , Ferretti L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNext generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized genomics research, making it difficult to overstate its impact on studies of Biology. NGS will immediately allow researchers working in non‐mainstream species to obtain complete genomes together with a comprehensive catalogue of variants. In addition, RNA‐seq will be a decisive way to annotate genes that cannot be predicted purely by computational or comparative approaches. Future applications include whole genome sequence association studies, as opposed to classical SNP‐based association, and implementing this new source of information into breeding programmes. For these purposes, one of the main advantages of sequencing vs. genotyping is the possibility of identifying copy number variants. Currently, experimental design is a topic of utmost interest, and here we discuss some of the options available, including pools and reduced representation libraries. Although bioinformatics is still an important bottleneck, this limitation is only transient and should not deter animal geneticists from embracing these technologies.
Different effects of morphine and oxycodone in experimentally evoked hyperalgesia: a human translational study
Authors: Olesen Anne Estrup , Staahl Camilla , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr 
Published: May 2010

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Previous studies using short‐lasting experimental pain stimulations in healthy volunteers have shown differences in opioid effects regarding visceral pain stimulations. However, these differences can be more pronounced in patients due to a sensitized pain system. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to mimic the clinical situation by investigating opioid effects on experimental pain in healthy volunteers after experimentally evoked hyperalgesia. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS? • We now know that morphine and oxycodone exerts different effects in the sensitized pain system as we found a greater analgesic effect of oxycodone in response to skin, muscle and oesophageal pain stimulation. This supports clinicians' experiences that oxycodone can be superior to morphine in the treatment of some pain conditions. The evoked hyperalgesia bridged findings from studies in healthy volunteers to patients, and new fundamental knowledge on different analgesic effects in hyperalgesia was found.AIMSimilar analgesics may have different analgesic potencies especially in patients in whom the pain system is sensitized. The aim was to investigate different opioid effects on experimental pain after the sensitized pain system was mimicked evoking hyperalgesia in healthy volunteers.METHODSTwenty‐four healthy volunteers were randomized to treatment with morphine (30 mg orally) and oxycodone (15 mg orally) or placebo in a double‐blind crossover study. Hyperalgesia was induced by oesophageal perfusion with acid and capsaicin. Several exploratory endpoints were studied using skin heat, muscle pressure and oesophageal mechanical, heat and electrical stimulation. Effects on pain from deeper structures were considered most important.RESULTSDifferent analgesic potencies were found. Oxycodone had a greater analgesic effect than morphine attenuating pain from: (i) heat stimulation of skin (P= 0.016); difference between the means of 0.39°C, 95% CI 0.22, 2.09. (ii) muscle pressure (P < 0.001); difference between the means of 11.93kPa, 95% CI 5.4, 18.5. (iii) oesophageal heat stimulation (P < 0.001); difference between the means of 38.54 cm2, 95% CI 15.37, 61.71 and (iv) oesophageal electrical stimulation (P= 0.016); difference between the means of 6.69mA, 95% CI 1.23, 12.13.CONCLUSIONAfter sensitization of the pain system different analgesic potencies of morphine and oxycodone were found in response to skin, muscle and oesophageal pain stimulation, in which oxycodone had a greater effect. As similar differential analgesic potencies of the two opioids have been found in patients with chronic pain, the experimental hyperalgesia model bridged findings from studies in healthy volunteers to patients.