bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapist effects: facilitative interpersonal skills as a predictor of therapist success
Authors: Anderson Timothy , Ogles, Benjamin M. , Patterson Candace L. , Lambert Michael J. , Vermeersch David A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis study examined sources of therapist effects in a sample of 25 therapists who saw 1,141 clients at a university counseling center. Clients completed the Outcome Questionnaire‐45 (OQ‐45) at each session. Therapists' facilitative interpersonal skills (FIS) were assessed with a performance task that measures therapists' interpersonal skills by rating therapist responses to video simulations of challenging client–therapist interactions. Therapists completed the Social Skills Inventory (SSI) and therapist demographic data (e.g., age, theoretical orientation) were available. To test for the presence of therapist effects and to examine the source(s) of these effects, data were analyzed with multilevel modeling. Of demographic predictor variables, only age accounted for therapist effects. The analysis with age, FIS, and SSI as predictors indicated that only FIS accounted for variance in outcomes suggesting that a portion of the variance in outcome between therapists is due to their ability to handle interpersonally challenging encounters with clients. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65:1–14, 2009.
An approximate version of Hadwiger's conjecture for claw‐free graphs
Authors: Chudnovsky Maria , Fradkin Alexandra Ovetsky 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHadwiger's conjecture states that every graph with chromatic number χ has a clique minor of size χ. In this paper we prove a weakened version of this conjecture for the class of claw‐free graphs (graphs that do not have a vertex with three pairwise nonadjacent neighbors). Our main result is that a claw‐free graph with chromatic number χ has a clique minor of size \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\lceil\frac{2}{3}\chi\rceil$\end{document}. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 63: 259–278, 2010
Metabolites from the biodegradation of 1,6‐hexanediol dibenzoate, a potential green plasticizer, by Rhodococcus rhodochrous
Authors: Kermanshahi Pour Azadeh , Mamer Orval A. , Cooper David G. , Maric Milan , Nicell Jim A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMetabolites from the biodegradation of a potential plasticizer 1,6‐hexanediol dibenzoate in the presence of n‐hexadecane as a co‐substrate by the common soil organism Rhodococcus rhodochrous were identified using GC/MS and Fourier transform mass spectroscopy (FTMS) techniques. Trimethylsilylation of compounds from the biodegradation broth permitted detection of the following metabolites: 1‐hexadecyl benzoate, 6‐benzoyloxyhexanoic acid, 4‐benzoyloxybutanoic acid, 6‐benzoyloxyhexan‐1‐ol and benzoic acid. The presence of these metabolites was confirmed by repeating the biodegradation with 1,6‐hexanediol di[2H5]benzoate, by measurement of their exact masses in FTMS and by comparison with available authentic materials. The results show that biodegradation of 1,6‐hexanediol dibenzoate by R. rhodochrous does not lead to the accumulation of persistent metabolites as has been reported for commercial dibenzoate plasticizers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular structural analysis of noncarious cervical sclerotic dentin using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Changqi , Karan Kunal , Yao Xiaomei , Wang Yong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMolecular structure of the sclerotic dentin in noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) including both the inorganic phase and organic phase was investigated using Raman spectroscopy. It was found that NCCL sclerotic dentin was hypermineralized with the mineral/matrix ratios 2–3 times higher than those of normal dentin, which was caused by both the increase of mineral content and decrease of organic matrix (collagen) content in the sclerotic dentin. For the inorganic phase, the phosphate band (PO43−, ν1, symmetric stretching vibrational mode) in NCCL sclerotic dentin was shifted from 960 to 963 cm−1, and the width of this band was decreased from 16.4 to 10.4 cm−1, indicating that the degree of mineral crystallinity in NCCL sclerotic dentin was higher than that of normal dentin. In addition, the carbonate content in the mineral of NCCL sclerotic dentin was less than that of normal dentin. As compared to the inorganic phase, the changes within the organic phase were not dramatic. However, the changes in collagen cross‐link density along with other spectral changes were still detectable. There was a noteworthy reduction in the ratio of nonreducible to reducible cross‐links in the NCCL sclerotic dentin, indicating that cross‐link breaks occurred in the collagen matrix of the lesions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interference lithography: a powerful tool for fabricating periodic structures
Authors: Lu C. , Lipson R.H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this review the basic principles of interference lithography (IL) are described. IL is emerging as one of the most powerful yet relatively inexpensive methodologies for creating large‐area patterns with micron‐ to sub‐micron periodicities. N‐dimensional periodic structures (N ≤ 3) can be obtained by interfering (N + 1) non‐coplanar beams in a photoresist. The symmetry and shape of the “unit cell” can be conveniently controlled by varying the intensities, geometries, polarizations, and phases of the beams involved. IL done with shorter wavelength lasers and/or liquid immersion lithography can create features with sub‐50 nm dimensions. Such periodic structures are beginning to find wide use in photonic crystal science, optical telecommunications, data storage, and the integrated circuit industry. Newer innovations such as diffraction element assisted lithography or DEAL and phase‐controlled IL for making two‐dimensional structures are also discussed.
Resonant optical transmission through hole‐arrays in metal films: physics and applications
Authors: Gordon R. , Brolo A.G. , Sinton D. , Kavanagh K.L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractExtraordinary optical transmission through an array of holes in a metal film was reported by Ebbesen and coworkers in 1998. Since that work there has been abundant research activity aimed at understanding the physics and at the development of the many applications associated with this phenomenon, hence the topic of this review. The study of hole‐arrays in a metal is not new – theoretical contributions on a small‐hole array date back to Lord Rayleigh's description of Wood's anomaly in 1907 and there has been considerable research on metal meshes and hole‐arrays since 1962. Bethe's theory, adapted to treat hole‐arrays, is the simplest theoretical description of the transmission resonance. Following a description of this basic theory, we present the research on the additional effects from variations in real metal properties at different wavelengths, film thickness, hole‐shape and lattice configuration. The many promising applications being developed using hole‐arrays are examined, including polarization control, filtering, switching, nonlinear optics, surface plasmon resonance sensing, surface‐enhanced fluorescence, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, absorption spectroscopy, and quantum interactions. Finally, the various approaches, developments in hole‐array fabrication, and integration of hole‐arrays into devices are described.
Electric Field‐Aided Formation Combined with a Nanoimprinting Technique for Replicating a Plant Leaf
Authors: Kim Geun Hyung , Jeon Ho Jun , Yoon Hyeon 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe surface of the taro plant leaf was replicated using a nanoimprinting technique (NIT) supplemented with an electric field. This field‐aided nanoimprinting method (FA‐NIT) consists of two steps: applying an electric field to a liquid polymer under the plant leaves and the curing process of the polymer with the applied electric field. An appropriate electric field was needed to induce the electrokinetic phenomena of a liquid polymer to obtain a good replicated surface. The roughness fabricated by the FA‐NIT was about 45% higher than the one prepared by NIT. The FA‐NIT method is a good supplementary technique to improve the quality of NIT.magnified image
Tannins: Current knowledge of food sources, intake, bioavailability and biological effects
Authors: Serrano José , Puupponen‐Pimiä Riitta , Dauer Andreas , Aura Anna‐Marja , Saura‐Calixto Fulgencio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTannins are a unique group of phenolic metabolites with molecular weights between 500 and 30 000 Da, which are widely distributed in almost all plant foods and beverages. Proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins are the two major groups of these bioactive compounds, but complex tannins containing structural elements of both groups and specific tannins in marine brown algae have also been described. Most literature data on food tannins refer only to oligomeric compounds that are extracted with aqueous‐organic solvents, but a significant number of non‐extractable tannins are usually not mentioned in the literature. The biological effects of tannins usually depend on their grade of polymerisation and solubility. Highly polymerised tannins exhibit low bioaccessibility in the small intestine and low fermentability by colonic microflora. This review summarises a new approach to analysis of extractable and non‐extractable tannins, major food sources, and effects of storage and processing on tannin content and bioavailability. Biological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral effects are also described. In addition, the role of tannins in diabetes mellitus has been discussed.
Runaway Reaction Kinetics for Emulsion Polymerization and its Consequences
Authors: Manders Lambertus G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFor industrial semi‐batch emulsion polymerization, it is difficult to predict the composition of the reactor contents during a runaway reaction since many recipes are involved and it actually may be a fault in the feeds to the reactor that leads to the runaway reaction, as a distributed control system cannot safely prevent wrong feeds. Therefore, in order to safeguard the reactor, very high kinetics need to be taken into account, as discussed theoretically as well as based on an example. Corresponding maximum temperature increase rates may be above 100 K · min−1. This needs to be taken into account when designing safety measures for emulsion polymerization reactions. As a result, large safety relief valves or rupture discs may need to be installed.magnified image
Ex vivo diffusion tensor MRI reflects microscopic structural remodeling associated with aging and disease progression in normal and cardiomyopathic Syrian hamsters
Authors: Li Wen , Lu Ming , Banerjee Suhanti , Zhong Jia , Ye Allen , Molter Joseph , Yu Xin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in cardiac patients. Aging is often an ignored etiology of pathological conditions. Quantification of DCM and aging associated cardiac structural remodeling is important in guiding and evaluating therapeutic interventions. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTMRI) has recently been used for nondestructive characterization of three‐dimensional myofiber structure. In this study, we explored the potential of DTMRI in delineating microscopic structural remodeling in aging and DCM hearts. Six month (n = 10) and nine month old (n = 11) DCM (TO‐2) hamsters and their age‐matched controls (F1β) were characterized. Both aging and DCM hearts showed increased diffusivity and decreased diffusion anisotropy. DTMRI images of DCM hearts also revealed a subgroup of imaging pixels characterized by decreased radial diffusivity and increased FA. The location of these pixels showed qualitative agreement with regions of calcium deposition determined by X‐ray CT imaging. Histological analysis confirmed expanded extracellular space in aging and DCM hearts as well as substantial calcium deposition in DCM hearts. These results suggest that DTMRI may provide a noninvasive technique to delineate structural remodeling associated with aging and DCM progression at the tissue and cellular level without the use of an exogenous contrast agent. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Midpoint rule for variational integrators on Lie groups
Authors: Saccon Alessandro 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe midpoint rule provides a standard method to obtain symmetric, symplectic, and second‐order accurate variational integrators for mechanical systems whose configuration manifold is the vector space ℝn. In this work, we discuss how to extend this rule to a generic finite‐dimensional Lie group G while retaining the same properties. We show that the function κG(g)=exp(½log(g)), g∈G plays a special role in the theory and, for G=SO(3), we give a compact formula to compute it. We also discuss sufficient conditions for the method to conserve momentum maps associated with left (or right) group actions.As an example, the variational integrator obtained from the midpoint rule is applied to simulating rigid body dynamics. The resulting integrator is compared with state‐of‐the‐art symmetric and second‐order accurate integrators for rigid body motion. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of meshless LBIE method to the 2D non‐linear SG problem
Authors: Mirzaei Davoud , Dehghan Mehdi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper the meshless local boundary integral equation (LBIE) method for numerically solving the non‐linear two‐dimensional sine‐Gordon (SG) equation is developed. The method is based on the LBIE with moving least‐squares (MLS) approximation. For the MLS, nodal points spread over the analyzed domain are utilized to approximate the interior and boundary variables. The approximation functions are constructed entirely using a set of scattered nodes, and no element or connectivity of the nodes is needed for either the interpolation or the integration purposes. A time‐stepping method is employed to deal with the time derivative and a simple predictor–corrector scheme is performed to eliminate the non‐linearity. A brief discussion is outlined for numerical integrations in the proposed algorithm. Some examples involving line and ring solitons are demonstrated and the conservation of energy in undamped SG equation is investigated. The final numerical results confirm the ability of method to deal with the unsteady non‐linear problems in large domains. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient numerical method for computing the topological sensitivity of arbitrary‐shaped features in plate bending
Authors: Turevsky Inna , Gopalakrishnan Sankara Hari , Suresh Krishnan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to introduce an efficient numerical scheme to compute the topological sensitivity (TS) of arbitrary‐shaped features in plate bending. The proposed method captures the first‐order change in quantities of interest (example: plate compliance) when an arbitrary‐shaped feature is created within a plate. Both the theory and algorithms are provided to rapidly compute the feature‐specific TS for the classic Kirchhoff–Love plate models.An important application of the proposed method is in design exploration/optimization wherein a designer can explore the impact of including plate features, without recourse to repeated finite element analysis. The proposed method is illustrated and validated through numerical experiments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods to improve reliability of video‐recorded behavioral data
Authors: Haidet Kim Kopenhaver , Tate Judith , Divirgilio‐Thomas Dana , Kolanowski Ann , Happ Mary Beth 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBehavioral observation is a fundamental component of nursing practice and a primary source of clinical research data. The use of video technology in behavioral research offers important advantages to nurse scientists in assessing complex behaviors and relationships between behaviors. The appeal of using this method should be balanced, however, by an informed approach to reliability issues. In this article, we focus on factors that influence reliability, such as the use of sensitizing sessions to minimize participant reactivity and the importance of training protocols for video coders. In addition, we discuss data quality, the selection and use of observational tools, calculating reliability coefficients, and coding considerations for special populations based on our collective experiences across three different populations and settings. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32: 465–474, 2009
Sporadic childhood Burkitt lymphoma incidence in the United States during 1992–2005
Authors: Mbulaiteye Sam M. , Biggar Robert J. , Bhatia Kishor , Linet Martha S. , Devesa Susan S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe risk factors and co‐factors for sporadic childhood BL are unknown. We investigated demographic and age‐specific characteristics of childhood BL (0–14 years) in the U.S.ProcedureBL age‐standardized incidence rates (2000 U.S. standard population), were calculated using data obtained from 12 registries in the NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program for cases diagnosed from 1992 to 2005. Incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by gender, age‐group, race, ethnicity, calendar‐year period, and registry.ResultsOf 296 cases identified, 56% were diagnosed in lymph nodes, 21% in abdominal organs, not including retroperitoneal lymph nodes, 14% were Burkitt cell leukemia, and 9% on face/head structures. The male‐to‐female case ratio was highest for facial/head tumors (25:1) and lowest for Burkitt cell leukemia (1.6:1). BL incidence rate was 2.5 (95% CI 2.3–2.8) cases per million person‐years and was higher among boys than girls (3.9 vs. 1.1, P < 0.001) and higher among Whites and Asians/Pacific Islanders than among Blacks (2.8 and 2.9 vs. 1.2, respectively, P < 0.001). By ethnicity, BL incidence was higher among non‐Hispanic Whites than Hispanic Whites (3.2 vs. 2.0, P = 0.002). Age‐specific incidence rate for BL peaked by age 3–5 years (3.4 cases per million), then stabilized or declined with increasing age, but it did not vary with calendar‐year or registry area.ConclusionsOur results indicate that early childhood exposures, male‐sex, and White race may be risk factors for sporadic childhood BL in the United States. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:366–370. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secondary acute myeloid leukemia after etoposide therapy for haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: RamaChandran Shanti , Ariffin Hany 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHaemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon disease with a high fatality rate. Etoposide is an important component of current HLH treatment regimes. Two patients with HLH developed etoposide‐related secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) following therapy for HLH. Etoposide, an epipodophyllotoxin, is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that interacts with DNA to potentiate leukaemogenesis. The risk of developing sAML is estimated to be between 1% and 5%, 2–20 years after exposure to etoposide but may also be related to cumulative drug doses, treatment schedules, host factors and co‐administration of other antineoplastic agents. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:488–490. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and Kawasaki disease: Combined manifestation and differential diagnosis
Authors: Titze Ulf , Janka Gritta , Schneider E. Marion , Prall Friedrich , Haffner Dieter , Classen Carl Friedrich 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBoth hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and Kawasaki disease (KD) are diagnosed in patients with prolonged resistant fever by using a scoring system. Concurrent manifestation of both conditions has been reported previously. We describe an infant of 7 weeks whose condition fulfilled the criteria of HLH, but who, after clinical response to treatment, suddenly died from a myocardial infarction at 11 weeks. Post‐mortem examination revealed a previously unknown coronary arteritis typical for KD. Since it is difficult to distinguish between KD and HLH, both diseases should be considered in young children with overlapping symptoms. Repeated echocardiograms may be helpful in these cases. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:493–495. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: experience from a large specialist service
Authors: Chellamuthu P , Lawrence IG , Kitchener D , McNally PG , Gregory R , Jackson S , Kong M‐F , Jarvis J , Davies MJ 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence issued guidelines on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in 2003 and has recently updated them. We present the findings of a retrospective study on CSII in a tertiary teaching hospital.Data were analysed on 85 patients established on CSII. The mean follow up was 24 months, 70% were female and the mean age was 40 years. Eighty‐two patients (96.5%) had type 1 diabetes, the mean duration of diabetes being 23 years, and NICE guidelines were followed for initiation in 78%. Patient satisfaction was assessed by Likert scale (‐3 to + 3) questionnaire.On CSII there was an improvement in HbA1c (mean [SD] 9.4[1.9] vs 8.6[1.5]%; [p<0.01]), with no significant change in weight. Severe hypoglycaemia decreased from 0.85 episodes/patient‐year to 0.08/patient‐year without an increase in diabetic ketoacidosis (0.20/patient‐year vs 0.09/patient‐year). Mean basal insulin requirement fell from 31(25) to 22(16) units (p<0.01). Thirty‐five out of the 85 patients had undertaken a DAFNE (Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating) course. After DAFNE, mean HbA1c fell from 9.2 to 8.9% (p<0.05), and then to 8.5% (p<0.05) after pump therapy. The response rate to the satisfaction questionnaire was 92%. Patients were happier on the pump compared to their previous treatment (mean score 2.5[2.3‐2.7 95% CI]). In the cohort of patients established on pump therapy, there was a significant improvement in glycaemic control, with an accompanying reduction in severe hypoglycaemia.Insulin pump therapy improves glycaemic control further in DAFNE graduates with no increase in severe hypoglycaemia. Patients were satisfied with pump therapy. Copyright ©2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐prandial glucose levels following three methods of insulin bolusing A study in adolescent girls and in comparison with girls without diabetes
Authors: Olinder A Lindholm , Runefors J , Smide B , Kernell A 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe aims of this study were to assess whether one method of insulin bolusing was superior to two others in managing two pasta meals, and to compare the glucose levels with those of females without diabetes.Fifteen continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)‐treated adolescent females and 10 adolescent females without diabetes consumed two pasta meals with different fat contents. The plasma glucose (p‐glucose) values were followed using capillary measurement and continuous glucose monitoring (CGMS) until three hours after the meal. The CSII‐treated females received the same insulin dose at every occasion as: (1) normal bolus; (2) dual‐wave bolus – 60% of the dose as normal bolus and 40% over one hour; and (3) square‐wave bolus – a prolonged dose over one hour.No differences were found in p‐glucose peak or AUC between the bolus methods after either of the meals. There was a difference in p‐glucose increase at one time point after the less fat meal; after 60 minutes the increase was greater with a square‐wave bolus (Friedman's test p <0.02). Forty‐eight percent of the measurements among the diabetes adolescents showed post‐prandial p‐glucose levels ≤ 10mmol/L. Females without diabetes had earlier and lower p‐glucose peak and smaller AUC.It was concluded that there were no overall differences in p‐glucose excursions between different methods of bolusing for these adolescent females after these meals. A square‐wave bolus may be less favourable with a less fatty pasta meal, giving a higher p‐glucose increase. It was possible to achieve normoglycaemic post‐prandial p‐glucose levels among adolescents with diabetes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons.