bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entre honte et culpabilité. Le souvenir de la guerre chez les Allemands et les Japonais
Authors: Buruma Ian 
Published: July 2010

Between shame and guilt. The memory of the war for the Germans and the Japanese, Ian Buruma.
The Germans and the Japanese have not performed the same mourning pro- cess for Second World crimes. The article relates their respective attitudes to the questions of collective identity and national sovereignty.
Le « totalitarisme » à l'épreuve de la résistance civile (1939-1989)
Authors: Sémelin Jacques 
Published: July 2010

"Totalitarianism" challenged by civil resistance (1939-1989), Jacques Sémelin.
"Totalitarianism", "anti-totalitarian revolutions", refusal of oppression, dissidence : the century's swing of the pendulum in "the east" in 1989 forces us to revisit these terms and concepts, from 1939 to 1980 via 1956. The author undertakes this reflection by basing his work on the notion of "civil resistance" of which he is the best advocate in France.
Multiculturalisme et marginalisation à Los Angeles. De Watts (1965) à South Central (1992)
Authors: Ghorra-Gobin Cynthia 
Published: July 2010

Multiculturalism and marginalization in Los Angeles. From Watts (1965) to South Central (1992), Cynthia Ghorra-Godin.
From the 1992 South Central events, the author looks on the major upheavals that have marked Los Angeles in the last two decades: the shifts in population composition since the spectacular arrival of the Hispanics, the socio-economic and inter-ethnic tensions stemming from de-industralization, the limits of political regulation. The sudden riots of 1992, just as the permanent tensions underlying urban life, reflect mainly the failure of a town planning which focused on spatial expansion and individual housing to the detriment of the development of a genuinely public space able to blend the various communities.
Mises en scène du corps à la Belle Époque
Authors: Rauch André 
Published: July 2010

The staging of the body during the Belle Epoque, André Rauch.
By renewing genres and styles, cafés concerts and music halls changed the landscape of Paris shows. A new type of leisure appeared and spread. In baring bodies, these performances created new emotions and other ways of ritualizing shows. Spectators were kept at a distance from the stage and showed their feelings by words, violence being stylized and codified. A new culture spread through cities, bringing different ways of occupying and investing space.
Le regard en biais. Attitudes françaises et multiculturalisme américain (1990-1993)
Authors: Granjon Marie-Christine 
Published: July 2010

A side glance. French attitudes and American multiculturalism (1990-1993), Marie-Christine Granjon.
The author traces the stages of the reception of the American debate on multiculturalism in France, between 1990 and 1993. While rejection was virtually unanimous in the beginning, other, more subtle, views appeared subsequently. In both cases, concern about the French situation (identity and national culture) looms through the French view on the crisis of the American integration model.
Political correctness en version originale et en version française. Un malentendu révélateur
Authors: Fassin Eric 
Published: July 2010

Political correctness in the original language and in French translation. A revealing misunderstanding, Eric Fassin.
In this affair, considered on both sides of the Atlantic, the misunderstanding is full of meaning. The pretended "Frenchness" of political correctness says a great deal about the fascinations and the rejections of French intelligence in the United States. In France, the quasi-unanimous denunciation of the "new McCarthyism" says even more about the excessively culturalist vision in which we enclose America. In the heat of the controversy, we fînd a confrontation between two public statuses and two models of the intellectual.
Le centre à la recherche de sa culture politique
Authors: Berstein Serge 
Published: July 2010

The Center's search for its political culture, Serge Berstein.
The French Center has neither a uniform doctrine nor group cohesion, even if its practices may be original and its behavior meaningful. What is then left besides its gripping ambition not to disappear, as Pierre Abelin said, caught "between crocodile jaws?" Yet it is the very left-right reptilian which chronically nourishes uneasiness in this political family whose culture is always pulled (e.g. on school issues) between radicalism and Christian democracy.
Le RPR et le gaullisme. Les infortunes d'une fidélité
Authors: Lachaise Bernard 
Published: July 2010

The RPR and Gaullism: the misfortunes of faithfulness, Bernard Lachaise.
The RPR willingly presents itself as the heir of Gaullism. However, its doctrine has taken singular liberties concerning General de Gaulle's thinking, as attested by its rightward drift, its approach to the State and its European conceptions. It must neveitheless be acknowledged that from the very start, Gaullism itself was characterized by a wide variety of faces.
La culture politique des catholiques aujourd'hui
Authors: Rémond René 
Published: July 2010

The political culture of today's Catholics, René Rémond.
It is not easy to define the specificities of a political culture possibly common to today's French Catholics. Because they maintain diverse positions, because, above all, the Catholic dimension pervades the world vision of most French people, way beyond the sphere of believers and observants, one could be tempted to conclude that Catholic specificity has been diluted. That would be neglecting, however, the existence of a Catholic outlook concerning politics, and in particular the refusal to consider politics as an absolute and the putting forward of an ethic of reconciliation.
Les beurs dans la cité
Authors: Leveau Rémy 
Published: July 2010

The beurs in the city, Rémy Leveau.
Analysing political culture of the beurs (second generation North Africans, born in France) leads to stressing the elements of specificity due to the role of Islam as a determinant variable. This long-neglected factor must be analyzed attentively, but it should not hide the weight of other factors linked to the local and professional context. All these analytical elements illustrate the break with the countries of origin and show the strength of identity affirmation linked to the process of integration into French society.
Le nord, l'amour de la culture politique
Authors: Vavasseur-Desperriers Jean 
Published: July 2010

The Nord, the love of political culture, Jean Vavasseur-Desperriers.
The Nord-Pas-de-Calais is undoubtedly one of the French regions with the strongest collective identity, fed by the human landscape as well as by history and social practices. It is not surprising to observe that its inhabitants participate in a distinctive regional political culture : Catholic impregnation, socialist references, strong local roots of the key figures, pragmatic populism, etc. are as many components of a relationship to politics particular to the Nord's inhabitants.
La légende du «coup de poignard» dans les manuels scolaires allemands des années 1920
Authors: Jardin Pierre 
Published: July 2010

The myth of the "stab in the back" in the German textbooks of the 1920s, Pierre Jardin.
Faced with the trauma of defeat, most of German public opinion took refuge in the myth of the "stab in the back". The phenomenon is well known, but its weight is not always measured correctly. This analysis of the history textbooks in use in the 1920s shows the mechanisms and makes it possible to assess their potential effects.
Narration cinématographique et narration historique. La (sub)version de l'histoire
Authors: Abrash Barbara , Walkowitz Daniel 
Published: July 2010

Cinematographic and historical narratives: the (sub)version of history, Barbara Abrash, Daniel Walkowitz.
Barbara Abrash and Daniel Walkowitz trace their intellectual route as committed historians and filmmakers. Each of their four films marks a stage in their determination to recognize in filmed narratives the power to criticize and contest the academic historical narratives.
Le lieu malgré tout
Authors: Didi-Huberman Georges 
Published: July 2010

The place despite everything, Georges Didi-Huberman.
In Shoah, Lanzmann did not want to make an "idealistic film" where major questions would be asked but a "geographer's, topographie" film, by forever returning to places of eternal destruction that, even destroyed after the war, "have not changed". For him, the Holocaust must in no case belong to memory, it must remain an inquiry into the present aspects of the camps. What do these camps impose to us? To which images do they refer? What good is it to go back to them? These are the filmmaker's questions who finds the right form to convey what cannot be said. By asking the survivors to return to the camps, Lanzmann has changed the course of cinema in its conscience and in its history.
Penser l'histoire du cinéma autrement : un modèle de crise
Authors: Altman Rick 
Published: July 2010

Thinking differently about the history of cinema, Rick Altman.
In its beginnings, American commercial cinema had no clear identity. It was poorly differentiated from other types of entertainment such as the circus and the theatre. By studying the crisis that swept the theatre industry in the first years of the 20th century, the slow constitution of the cinema as a specific genre can be traced. Through the struggles of the occupational categories dealing with this new medium, by following the transformation of the terminology designating this new phenomenon, i.e. through a crisis model another way of thinking about the history of cinema comes to light.
« Cinéastes de notre temps ». Une mémoire télévisuelle du cinéma
Authors: Révillard Sophie 
Published: July 2010

«Cinéastes de notre temps»: a televisual memory of cinema, Sophie Revillard.
The series of programs entitled "Film-makers of our time" was produced and carried out between 1964 and 1972 by people drawn from the editorial staff of Les Cahiers du cinéma or connected with the magazine. It succeeded in promoting on French television the cinephiliac approach close to the Nouvelle Vague, that characterized the magazine and its time. It preferred the cinéma d'auteurs to the celebration of the star System and became for that reason a reference program that brought new life to "quality television".
« Like writing history with lighting » : film historique/vérité historique
Authors: Rosenstone Robert A. 
Published: July 2010

Like writing history with lightning: historical truth/historical films, Robert A. Rosenstone.
Historical films often leave historians perplexed. They denounce reconstitution that appeals to émotions more than to the mind and see in it a compétition harmful to their educational mission. The historical film has considerably influenced the public's understanding of the past. Historians nevertheless must therefore use this medium and reflect upon the relations between truth and veracity. Contemporary history can no longer neglect these historical films because the presence of historians on this terrain is a fundamental stake in the development of the culture of our time.
Totalitarisme
Authors: Pomian Krzysztof 
Published: July 2010

Totalitarianism, Krzysztof Pomian.
Italian Fascism, German Nazism and Russian Bolshevism, considered as ideologies, mass movements and Systems of power under Mussolini, Hitler and Lenin-cum-Stalin, were original political phenomena with features unknown to the classical theories of dictatorship. Despite all differences, they had also significant similarities with far reaching historical effects. They may therefore legitimately be considered as three different manifestations of a single category, totalitarianism. This word was not a product of the Cold War — it results from the attempts made during the interwar period, to find a new name for a new political phenomenon.
L'espace totalitaire d'Adolph Hitler
Authors: Musiedlak Didier 
Published: July 2010

Hitler and the birth of totalitarian space, Didier Musiedlak.
From his failed art studies to the Third Reich's grand architectural projects, Hitler's passion for space, construction and monuments provides an essential guiding thread to a "thought" which rejected reason in order to emphasize associations of images (people and monuments, race and construction, space and eradication of undesirable occupants), and then inspired political action.
Paul Bourget, écrivain engagé
Authors: Mathias Yehoshua 
Published: July 2010

Paul Bourget, A committed writer, Yehoshua Mathias.
In the France of the early twentieth century, Paul Bourget's figure is that of a successful novelist who became gradually a «committed author». A monarchist, deeply conservative, passionate defender of religion and the family as the vital bases of the social order, he thus became the bard of the bourgeois ethic faced with the destabilization of modernity.
Analyse critique d'une formule « retour à l'ordre »
Authors: Lantenois Annick 
Published: July 2010

«Return to order» : a critical analysis of the formula, Annick Lantenois.
Since the 1970s, the historiography of post First World War European art has been marked by the use of «return to order» to characterize the artistic movement of that period. The formula is liable to criticism because it hides the complexity of the fine arts movements and uses the notion of «disorder» as a reference that is negative for some, positive for others. It is a methodological stake of art history to criticize a method which reconstructs the coherence of a historical period from cleavages and patterns of binary opposition (order/disorder, national art/hatred of Other, academicism/avant-garde) and antinomies (reason/instinct, masculine/feminine, right/left, normal/abnormal).
L'histoire de l'art et les cannibales
Authors: Bertrand-Dorléac Laurence 
Published: July 2010

Art history and cannibals, Laurence Bertrand Dorléac.
A borderline discipline by nature, surrounded by better established scientific fields, art history carved for itself in the past a pure identity, without grasping the strength it could derive from its crossroads position. At a time in which nobody doubts any longer the importance of the study of works of art for an understanding of the world, its members are more and more divided on the behavior to adopt : a fearful withdrawal of the institution (an already long-tested tactic) or a permanent dialogue with the audiences, mediators and neighboring disciplines which make up many of its actors. Between internalists, advocates of an intransigent isolation and holders of an antiquarian tradition, and externalists, favorable to scientific opening up and debate, there is now a war, intensified by the renewal of the status of culture in France.
L'histoire de la transfusion sanguine dans sa relation à la recherche médicale
Authors: Picard Jean-François , Schneider William H. 
Published: July 2010

The history of blood transfusion and medical research, Jean-François Picard, William H. Schneider.
From the discovery of blood groups by Karl Landsteiner, a Viennese physician, to the "poisoned blood" affair linked to the AIDS virus, the history of blood transfusion follows the scientific, political and social changes of the 20th century in one of its major medical stakes. The progress of blood transfusion was linked to war periods, to institutional and political stakes, to the initiatives of a few individuals. It also led to the commercial deviation of the 1980s.
L'épuration de la police parisienne en 1944-1945
Authors: Berlière Jean-Marc 
Published: July 2010

The purging of the Paris police, 1944-1945, Jean-Marc Berlière.
The purging of the Paris police is said to have been accomplished, as a member of the High Court of Justice stated in 1946, «in a deplorable manner». It was violent, massive, expeditious and wanted by the Communists, despite General de Gaulle's wish of appeasement. The study of the Prefecture de Police archives provides, among other things, figures on an event which has left many painful memories.
« La guerre des captives » et les associations de femmes de prisonniers en France (1941-1945)
Authors: Dermenjian Geneviève , Fishman Sarah 
Published: July 2010

"The War of the Captives" and associations of prisoner's wives in France, 1941-1945, Geneviève Dermenjian, Sarah Fishman.
The analysis of a novel published in France in 1943, La guerre des captives (The War ofthe Captives), which highlighted the prisoners' wives, shows how closely literature follows reality. While very cautious ideologically, this work of propaganda for associations of prisoners' wives keeps close to the Catholic philosophy and to the Vichy regime.
Frédéric Joliot, les allemands et l'université aux premiers mois de l'occupation
Authors: Pinault Michel 
Published: July 2010

Frédéric Joliot, the Germans and the university in the first few months of the occupation.
To save the Collège de France laboratory and the cyclotron he perfected, Frédéric Joliot decided to return to Paris in the summer of 1940. Pressure was put on him by the German authorities to turn the laboratory over to them, which he refused, but he had to accept the presence of German scientists working alongside him. The cooperation with physicists like Wolfgang Gentner and Otto Hahn extended the interests shared prior to the war. The former, known for his anti nazism, and the technical limits of the French cyclotron excluded any possibility of exploi-ting this coopération for German military research. Exasperated even before the war by the French élites failings, Joliot used his scientific prestige to develop research and participated in the beginning university resistance groups around Paul Langevin and Jacques Solomon. Although they were not in the majority, he and his friends supported Langevin, arrested in october 1940. This position became clearer through the analysis of the tensions within the university about what the attitude should be toward Vichy and the Germans. It went along with the Collège de France professors' revolt against collaborators' accusations. Far from providing an example of a "voluntary accommodation" (P. Burrin) with the occupier, Frédéric Joliot sacrificed his personal destiny as a researcher to a group project of resistance that, in addition, counted on the scientific renewal of France.
Croissance économique et retournements de tendance au 20e siècle : une mise en perspective de la «crise» actuelle
Authors: Asselain Jean-Charles 
Published: July 2010

Economic growth and trend reversais in the 20th c : a look at the present "crisis", Jean-Charles Asselain.
The first thing necessary to do in the present crisis is to define the very notion of crisis. But even more it is necessary to compare it with the past dysfunctions. One immediately sees the atypical character of a crisis that today couples poor records (such as unemployment levels) with healthy economic results (increase of foreign trade, increases in productivity). It's a curious disjunction, especially since prior to 1973, all the indicators were on green. The crisis, therefore, results first and foremost from the oil shocks whose effect must not be minimized. By lowering the profitability of investment, by forcing entrepreneurs to increase productivity at the expense of employment, this brutal shock — that at the beginning barely weighed on salaries — did not, however, resuit in the reduction of international trade that the Third World, because of its debts, continues to support. But the financial (the Third World's getting out of debt) as well as the mental (the salaried workers' resistance to the loss of purchasing power is diminishing) adjustments explain the continuation of a crisis that the austerity policies set up by some authorities are making worse. The strong French franc policy, for example, limits the entrepreneurs' recourse to capital markets, characterized by, it is true, high interest rates.
Les grandes entreprises européennes au 20e siècle
Authors: Cassis Youssef 
Published: July 2010

Major European companies in the 20th century, Youssef Cassis.
It is difficult to avoid the temptation of ranking the major companies when making a comparative analysis. While such an approach can be useful by pointing out the differences and simplifying the comparative work, it accentuates the divergences to the detriment of convergences observable over the long term, nationally as well as world wide. The example of the behavior of French, English and German companies facing 20th-century crises shows that global explanatory factors give different effects to the same causes. The comparative approach has thus to take into account divergences and convergences so as to deepen the analysis rather than simplify it by general categories and rankings.
La Californie de Brown à Reagan, ou l'agonie du libéralisme (1958-1966)
Authors: Coppolani Antoine 
Published: July 2010

California from Brown to Reagan or the agony of liberalism (1958-1966), Antoine Coppolani.
The most populous state of the United States, the most economically powerful in the 1960s, California is also the spring-board for many shifts of contemporary American history. The election of Reagan to the governorship in 1966 is only the symbol of a deeper movement that seriously upset the American political landscape, the passage of a dominant paradigm, liberalism to its conservative antithesis. Wheras the liberal consensus was prevailing, California had become the testing ground of this political philosophy applied to the government. Although incontestable social and economic progress was accomplished, it didn't prevent internal contradictions and especially adverse and unexpected effects of the liberal policy from blowing away any consensus, throwing liberalism in California, and therefore in America, to the wind.
Un parti républicain-socialiste a vraiment existé
Authors: Billard Yves 
Published: July 2010

A Socialist Republican party really existed, Yves Billard.
The Socialist Republican party was founded in 1911 by dissident reformist socialists (Briand, Millerand, Augagneur). It had up to 9.000 members in 35 departments and considered itself to the right of the SFIO-socialists and to the left of the radicals. But the structural conflict between elected officials and the military, the pragmatic and the doctrinary, gave it a chaotic existence.
Les occasions manquées des démographes
Authors: Lévy Michel Louis 
Published: July 2010

Demographers' lost opportunities, Michel Louis Lévy.
The 50th anniversary in 1995 of the National Institute of Demographic Studies, founded by Alfred Sauvy, was the occasion for a record of French demographers' work. What did they say to poor countries' populations? Under "demographic transition", what kind of modernity did they promote? And what answers did they bring to questions as important as jobs and social security? A senior member of INED answers these questions clearly.
L'épuration à Shanghai (1945-1946) l'affaire Sarly et la fin de la concession française
Authors: Bergère Marie-Claire 
Published: July 2010

The Shanghai Purge (1945-1946). The Sarly Affair and the End of the French Concession, Marie-Claire Bergère.
After climbing up the rungs of the administrative and police ladder of the French concession in Shanghai before the war and during Vichy, Roland Sarly became the target of the political purge launched by the Chinese nationalist government as of 1945. His example showed both the difficulties of a political purge in the context of Shanghai as well as the liquidation of the French presence in the region.
Pour une histoire « principielle » de l'Europe
Authors: Martin Jean-Clément 
Published: July 2010

For a "principial" history of Europe, Jean-Clément Martin.
In response to Jean-Pierre Rioux's article on the history of Europe in our N° 50, April-June 1996, this text pleads for a specifie approach of teaching history for primary and secondary schools as opposed to university knowledge. The author puts forward that the history of Europe that should be taught has to be based on incontestable principles, such as the emergence of States of law, political liberalism, the getting along of religions and rational thought, and the mechanisms of economic and social regulation.