bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF LIGHT HISTORY ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGY OF PROROCENTRUM MARIAE‐LEBOURIAE (DINOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Coats D. Wayne , Harding Lawrence W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTUltrastructural and physiological responses of Prorocentrum mariae‐lebouriae (Parke & Ballantine) Faust are reported for cultures maintained at growth irradiances (Ig) ranging from 20.6 to 0.3 E m−2.d−1 and following downward shifts in light intensity. We tested the hypothesis that Prorocentrum grown under light regimes that elicit different responses in photosynthesis and pigmentation exhibit distinctive cell ultrastructures. Prorocentrum from high‐light conditions had high saturation intensities for photosynthesis (Ik) and low levels of Chl a, Chl c and peridinin‐cell−1 These cultures were morphologically distinguished by a large starch volume fraction (Vv), small chloroplast Vv and fewer thylakoids lamella−1. Ik values were lower and pigment concentrations higher in low‐light treatments, and cells showed reduced starch Vv, large chloroplast Vv, and higher numbers of thylakoids · lamella −1. Cells grown under extremely low‐light conditions appeared stressed as indicated by the absence of starch reserves and the presence of large vacuoles within the cytoplasm. Results for presence of large vacuoles within the cytoplasm. Results for quantiative electron microscopy, photosynthesis‐irradiance (P‐I) relations and cell pigmentation indicate that photoadaptation in P. mariae‐lebouriae involves a strategy that encompasses changes in both the “size” and “number” of photosynthetic units.
PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENT ORGANIZATION IN DIATOMS (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Brown Jeanette S. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe isolation and characterization of six pigment‐protein complexes from five diatom species (Phaeodactylum tricornutumBohlin,Chaetoceros gracilisSchutt,Nitzschiasp. Mono Lake,Nitzschia laevisHust. and Thalassiosira pseudonana (Hust.) Hasle and Heimdal) was accomplished by membrane dissociation with digitonin followed by gel electrophoresis. Six analogous complexes obtained from all species were correlated in spectral characteristics and relative mass with complexes from higher plants obtained by the same procedure. The largest of these complexes, comprising about 15% of the total Chl a, contained reaction centers of Photosystem I (PSI) and antenna pigments (LHC1).Some PSI complexes also separated from LHC1in the gel. For the first time in diatoms, a Photosystem II complex was isolated and identified from its position in the gels, absorption and fluorescence spectra, lack of P700, and enrichment carotene. Three antenna pigment‐protein complexes in addition to LHC1occurred in varying proportion under different experimental conditions but in sum, they accounted for 70% of the total Chl a. All three bands were highly enriched in Chl c and fucoxanthin, although the ratio of Chl c/ xanthophyll decreased between the slowest migrating LHC2and fastest moving LHC4LHC3contained the highest proportio of pigment‐protein and was composed primarily of polypeptides of about 18,000 D. Essentially all α‐ and β‐carotene was bound to the reaction center complexes. The Nitzschia from Mono Lake differed from the other species in that PSI complexes could not be readily dissociated from its membrane by digitonin treatment, a characteristic which may reflect a different chloroplast membrane structure in this alga.
DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES IN PORPHYRA (BANGIOPHYCEAE). II. CHARACTERIZATIO OF THE MAJOR LECTIN BINDING GLYCOPROTEINS IN DIFFERENTIATED REGIONS OF THE PORPHYRA PERFORATA THALLUS1
Authors: Kaska Deborah D. , Polne‐Fuller Miriam , Gibor Aharon 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTDetergent soluble extracts of differentiated regions of the Porphyra perforata J. Ag. thallus (holdfast, rhizoidal, vegetative and reproductive cells) were fractionated on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. Glycoproteins were identified by their lectin affinity. Extracts from all areas of the thallus contained glycoproteins, but the staining patterns were different for each region with each of the lectins tested: concanavalin A, Ulex europeaus agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinin, soybean agglutinin and peanut agglutinin. These data indicate that the morphologically distinct regions of the thallus also differ biochemically. Analysis of the lectin blots revealed the presence of tissue‐specific glycoproteins in the five thallus areas. Such unique glycoproteins could be used as markers of differentiation in this species.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTIO IN CODIUM FRAGILE SSP. TOMENTOSOIDES (CHLOROPHYCEAE) FROM THE NORTHEAST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA1
Authors: Prince Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTMale and female gametes were formed within the same gametangiurn on reproductive plants of Codium fragile (Sur.) Hariot ssp. tomentosoides (Van Goor) Silva growing off Appledore Island in the Gulf of Maine, USA. The female gametes were approximately twice the diameter of male gametes and outnumbered male gametes in the same gametangium by approximately six times. Fusion appears to require gametes from different gametangia if not different plants.
THE AUTOFLUORESCENT FLAGELLUM: A NEW PHYLOGENETIC ENIGMA1
Authors: Coleman Annette W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTEpifluorescence microscopy reveals the presence of fluorescence in the living cells of at least three classes of flagellates. In Ochromonas cells, the fluorescence is blue‐green in color and is found only in the short flagellum, both in the flagellar swelling and throughout the length of the flagellum. As recognized by the locale and color of the flagellar fluorescence, the same fluorescence is observed in only certain other heterokont algal groups but is also found in one of the two isokont flagella of the prymnesiophyte Prymnesium parvum.
AT THE CROSSROADS: THE LIFE INSURANCE INDUSTRY AND FINANCIAL SERVICES REFORM
Authors: Hughes Gary E. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: In September of 1996, The Board of Directors of the American Council of Life Insurance (“ACLI”)reversed decades of policy and embraced for the first time the concept of reciprocal ownership or “affiliations” between life insurance companies and commercial banks. Under this new policy mandate, the ACLI is advocating federal legislation that would permit banks to sell all types of insurance and control insurance underwriters through separate affiliates or subsidiaries. In return, 1) insurers would have the authority to acquire banks; 2) the insurance activities of banks would be fully subject to state insurance regulation; and 3) federal bank regulators would be precluded from preempting state regulatory authority.This article reviews the various factors that precipitated this watershed policy decision, discusses the structural and regulatory issues that are important to life insurers, and speculates briefly on the prospects for financial services legislation.
Price‐ending practices and cultural differences in the food service industry: a study of Taiwanese restaurants
Authors: Parsa H. G. , Hu Hsin‐Hui ‘Sunny’ 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMenu price endings communicate more than economic worth. Restaurateurs encourage consumers to attribute intrinsic meaning to specific price endings, such as quality and value, but these derived meanings are not universally accepted. This study indicates that Taiwanese restaurateurs use price‐ending digits in varying frequencies and may attribute different meanings to menu price‐ending digits compared to US restaurateurs. For instance, digit 4 is perceived as a negative number and rarely used for price‐ending purposes by the Taiwanese. Although digit 8 is perceived as a lucky number, it is used less frequently than digits 0 and 5. There is an emerging trend to use digit 9 as a price‐ending choice in the quick service restaurant (QSR) segment indicating adoption of Western pricing practices. In spite of widespread westernization, the Taiwanese still hold many traditional cultural beliefs that affect their pricing strategies. Food production methods have remained largely traditional, although there is an emerging trend to adopt Western methods in the QSR segment.
Study of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine profile in the patients with parthenium dermatitis
Authors: Akhtar Nasim , Verma Kaushal K. , Sharma Alpana 
Published: August 2010

Background: Parthenium dermatitis is a common airborne allergic contact dermatitis induced by exposures to the weed Parthenium hysterophorus. The disease manifests as itchy erythematous papules, papulovesicular and plaque lesions on exposed areas of the body. Objectives: The aim of this study was to show the alterations in pro/anti‐inflammatory cytokines in parthenium dermatitis. Methods: The study included 50 patients with parthenium dermatitis confirmed by patch testing using aqueous extracts of P. hysterophorus and 50 age‐matched healthy controls. The levels of pro‐inflammatory [tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, and IL‐17] and anti‐inflammatory (IL‐4 and IL‐10) cytokines were estimated by commercially available high sensitivity enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results: All the dermatitis patients showed significantly (P < 0.001) elevated levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8, and IL‐17 levels as compared to healthy controls. In contrast, the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐4 showed an insignificant decrease (P < 0.217) and a decrease in level of IL‐10 was statistically significant (0.001) compared with controls. Conclusions: The present study suggests the involvement of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of parthenium dermatitis. A decrease in levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines was demonstrated, which could not downregulate pro‐inflammatory cytokines in parthenium dermatitis.
Haematological Abnormalities in Hepatic Cirrhosis in Children
Authors: Sjölin Stig , Foconi Severino 
Published: August 2010

Haematological studies are presented on sixteen children with cirrhosis of the liver. Slight to moderate anaemia was found in six patients. An increased total plasma volume caused apparent anaemia in four patients. Macrocytosis of unknown aetiology was found in fourteen. The cause and mechanism of the anaemia varied, and in some patients several factors contributed to it. The mean red‐cell life span was shortened in fifteen patients, and evidence is presented that hyperhaemolysis was mainly due to increased splenic sequestration of red cells. In at least eight patients erythropoiesis was sufficient to compensate for the increased red‐cell destruction, but in five the bone‐marrow response to anaemia was below normal with respect to the output of viable red cells. In one patient a low red‐cell production was probably the only cause of anaemia. The “absolute reticulocyte count” was approximately proportional to the effective red‐cell production in ten patients, but in four the reticulocyte count was increased and the effective red cell production normal. The results of radioiron and survival studies also indicated ineffective erythropoiesis in four patients. This finding probably signifies intrinsic red‐cell defects. Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract and iron deficiency probably contributed to the anaemia of some patients.Hyperhaemolysis was associated with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and splenomegaly infive patients, and with thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly in three. The finding that leukopenia and thrombocytopenia disappeared immediately after splenectomy in all six patients so treated indicates that the leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were due to hypersplenism.
Characterization of Cold Agglutinins from Human Plasmas by Different Fractionation Methods
Authors: Olesen H. , Mansa B. , Lind K. 
Published: August 2010

Six different plasma samples with high titre cold agglutinins have been fractionated.

Euglobulin precipitation: the cold agglutinins from four of the six samples studied could be precipitated quantitatively.
Ammonium sulphate precipitation: the cold agglutinins from five of the patients were precipitated at a molar concentration from 1.5 to 2.0 and from the sixth patient at a molar concentration from 0.6 to 1.2.
DEAE cellulose chromatography: the cold agglutinins of all six patients showed almost the same elution patterns, i.e. start of elution at about 0.1 molar sodium phosphate pH 6.0 and peak of elution at 0.15 molar sodium phosphate pH 5.8.
Gel filtration on Sephadex G‐200: the cold agglutinins of all six patients appeared in the first peak.
Observations on Horse Blood Coagulation
Authors: Gardikas C. , Kallinikou M. , Kallinikos G. 
Published: August 2010

The present experiments seem to indicate that horse blood is deficient in both Factors VIII and IX, the concentration of Factor VIII varying from 30 to 60 per cent of the normal human levels, and the concentration of Factor IX varying from 50 to 80 per cent, the corresponding concentrations in 12 normal human males varying from 60 to 150 per cent and from 70 to 150 per cent, respectively.The finding that the recalcification time of horse plasma was considerably longer than that of normal human plasma is of interest, since it is known that only very low concentrations of Factor VIII or Factor IX, namely below 5 per cent, affect the results of the testFinally, by using the glass activation test of Margolis, it was shown that activated equine plasma and activated normal human plasma are equally effective in shortening the clotting time of intact human or equine plasma.
The Ultrastructure of Eosinophilic Granulocytes in the Peritoneal Cavity of Rats Following Injection of Ferritin
Authors: BRO‐RASMUSSEN FREDE , EGEBERG J. 
Published: August 2010

Electron microscopic studies were performed on eosinophilic granulocytes obtained from the peritoneal cavity of rats by peritoneal lavage using 50 ml physiological saline at varying times after intraperitoneal injection of ferritin.Ten minutes after the injection the cytoplasm of the eosinophilic leukocytes showed phago‐lysosome‐like inclusions containing ferritin. These inclusions were also present one hour after the injections of ferritin. The ferritin phagocytosis results in morphological changes of the eosinophilic granules, but not in degranulation of the eosinophilic cells.In the neutrophilic cells of the peritoneal fluid there were clusters of phago‐cytized eosinophilic granules exhibiting signs of degenerative changes. The phagocytosis of eosinophilic granules is interpreted as a link in the disintegration of the eosinophilic leukocytes.
Ferrokinetics in Patients Suffering from Chronic Renal Disease and Anaemia
Authors: Magid E. , Hilden M. 
Published: August 2010

The plasma iron transport rate and the radio‐iron incorporation into the erythrocytes were measured in 18 patients with chronic renal disease and anaemia. The results of surface counting which was carried out in 15 of the patients were also taken into consideration in the interpretation of the ferrokinetic indices.The results revealed that total erythropoiesis failed to increase in response to the anaemia in at least 13 of the 18 patients. Total erythropoiesis was increased in at least 2 cases. It is presumed that intramedullary haemolysis was increased in one of these patients, whilst in the second patient the most probable cause of the anaemia was intravascular haemolysis.The radio‐iron incorporation into the erythrocytes was abnormally low in 9 cases.
Co57 Vitamin B12 Clearance Studies in Pernicious Anaemia
Authors: Meyer Leo M. , Osofsky Marvin , Miller Inez F. 
Published: August 2010

Clearance rate of intravenously administered radioactive vitamin B12 in untreated pernicious anaemia patients is slow in 50 per cent of cases studied.
Administration of labelled vitamin B12 bound to slow serum to ‘normal clearing’ pernicious anaemia subjects or to normal persons is followed by normal clearance rate.
Radioactive vitamin B12 bound to normal serum is cleared at a normal rate in pernicious anaemia patients with slow clearance rate.
Radioactive vitamin B12 bound to slow serum when mixed with normal serum in proportions of 1:1 or 1:0.5 is cleared at a normal rate in ‘slow clearing’ pernicious anaemia patients.
These studies suggest the presence of a ‘serum factor’ in normal serum and some patients with pernicious anaemia in relapse which enhances clearance of vitamin B12 bound to ‘slow serum’.
Haemoglobin Sogn (β14 Arginine) A New Haemoglobin Variant
Authors: Monn E. , Gaffney P. J. , Lehmann H. 
Published: August 2010

Among 3,000 Norwegian individuals two haemoglobin variants were found. One was a Haemoglobin D Punjab. The other was a new variant, Haemoglobin Sogn, in which leucine is replaced by arginine at the internally sited residue 14 of the β chain. The haemoglobin variant shows a slight heat instability.Heterozygotes for Haemoglobin Sogn show a small amount of free α chains in their haemolysates, but no Heinz bodies are present in their erythrocytes and they are clinically healthy.
The Mode of Expressing the Content of Intracellular Components of Human Erythrocytes with Special Reference to Adenine Nucleotides
Authors: Hjelm Magnus 
Published: August 2010

No general agreement has been reached so far for the mode of expressing the content of intracellular components in human erythrocytes. The validity of the measures (1) moles per cell, (2) moles per cell volume and (3) moles per intracellular haemoglobin has been evaluated from a theoretical point of view in comparisons of different cell populations and in kinetic considerations. It was found that none of the expressions were valid if the intracellular concentration of water soluble components is concerned. The use of the expression (4) moles per liter of apparent cell water calculated from (2) and MCHC appears to be as a better approximation of the intracellular concentration of the components concerned.The consequences of these theoretical considerations when evaluating biochemical investigations on human erythrocytes, are exemplified by determinations of adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP) in erythrocyte populations of differing mean age from patients with non‐spherocytic haemolytic anaemia and thalassaemia minor, and from healthy individuals. It can be shown that the conclusion to be drawn from the determinations are highly dependent on the mode of calculating the result.
Quantitative Studies on the Normal Decay of Lymphocytes in the Thymolymphatic System
Authors: Claesson Mogens Helweg 
Published: August 2010

Studies on the number of dying and dead lymphocytes in unfixed lymphocyte suspensions from thymus, mesenterial lymph nodes and different peripheral lymph nodes from mice were done by employing the Dye Exclusion Test. The number of decaying lymphocytes demonstrates a striking variation within the various age‐groups.During the first months of life the number of dying lymphocytes in the thymus is rather low ‐ from 3 to 5%. It amounts to 15 to 20% between the ages of 3 and 12 months. In suspensions from mesenterial and peripheral lymph nodes the lymphocyte decay during the first two months of life is twice as large as the thymocyte decay. After this the cell decay in the different lymphoid organs becomes gradually similar. About the time of 5 months of age and later the number of decaying lymphocytes and thymocytes are almost identical.Corresponding studies on thymus suspensions from mouse foetuses showed that a rather striking thymocyte decay takes place during the 16th day of foetal life (8%), while the number for the 18th day of foetal life were as low as 2%.The findings have been discussed on the basis of knowledge of two lymphocyte populations, one short‐lived and one long‐lived, as well as the theory concerning thymocyte migration.
The Relationship between Haem and Globin Synthesis by Erythroid Precursors in Refractory Normoblastic Anaemia
Authors: Kramer S. , Viljoen E. , Becker D. , Zail S. S. , Metz J. 
Published: August 2010

The specific activity of glycine‐2‐14C into haem and globin has been studied in normal marrow, in cases of thalassaemia and refractory normoblastic anaemia, in patients with iron deficiency anaemia and porphyria of erythropoietic origin. In controls the ratio of haem to globin was less than 1.0. This ratio was reduced in the 2 cases of thalassaemia probably due to the associated reduced activity in ALA synthetase and haem synthetase enzymes. Haem synthesis by iron deficient erythroid precursors can be stimulated by iron with corresponding increase in globin synthesis. There is apparently a mechanism controlling the relationship between haem and globin. Some cases of sideroblastic anaemia resemble patients with thalassaemia in the reduction of the ratio of haem to globin and in the marked reduction of the synthesis of haemoglobin when related to cell counts.When the ratio of the specific activity of haem to globin is reduced the in vitro addition of pyridoxine to the duplicate may allow one to determine whether it will be effective in therapy.Reduced globin synthesis in pre‐leukaemic sideroblastic anaemia may carry a poor prognosis but conversely adequate globin production in relationship to cell counts may be associated with a rapidly fatal outcome.Only in the patient with erythropoietic porphyria was the specific activity of glycine‐2‐14C into haem synthesis greater than into globin. This finding was in contrast to that of erythropoietic protoporphyria where the ratio was normal.
Mathematical Correlation Between ADP‐Induced Platelet Aggregation and Subsequent Disaggregation
Authors: Holdrinet A. , Ewals M. , Reichert W. J. , Haanen C. 
Published: August 2010

The turbidimetrically obtained curves of ADP‐induced platelet aggregation in plateletrich plasma at 37° C. can be mathematically characterized by a logarithmically normal frequency distribution suggesting that the phase of aggregation and the subsequent disaggregation are governed by the same mechanism. Every curve can be described with reference to three parameters, viz.: the maximum change in optical density (ODmax), the time at which this occurs (tmax and the standard deviation of the logarithms of the time variable (s̀).Aggregation curves of 21 normal subjects, 17 uraemic patients and 11 patients with Von Willebrand̂s disease were studied.Parameter ODmax although dependent on the platelet concentration was significantly diminished in a proportion of the uraemic patients.Neither group of patients differed significantly from the normals in parameter tmax. A significant number of uraemic patients and Von Willebrand patients showed lower s̀ values than those found in normal subjects. The abnormality thus indicated entails abnormally rapid disaggregation.The new parameter (s̀) proved to be a better reproducible and more sensitive measure of the aggregation process than the hitherto usual parameters ODmax and tmax.
Influence of Splenectomy on Thymic Release of Lymphocytes into the Blood
Authors: Ernström U. , Sandberg G. 
Published: August 2010

Migration of thymic cells into the blood was studied 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after splenectomy or sham‐operation of young guinea‐pigs. This was done by determination of the content of different white cells in thymic afferent and efferent blood, the lymphocytes being divided into subclasses with different mitochondrial content. Also, the weights of the remaining lymphoid organs were registered. The following effects of splenectomy were obtained.Early after splenectomy, the experiments indicated increased release of lymphocytes from the thymus. Thus, at 3 days the thymic veno‐arterial difference in number of lymphocytes with 0–5 mitochondria (smallest cells) was increased above that in the sham‐operated animals. At 7 days after splenectomy the increase included both lymphocytes with low and also with medium mitochondrial content (small and medium‐sized lymphocytes).Later after splenectomy, the thymic veno‐arterial lymphocyte difference was no longer increased. At 28 days, lymphocytosis occurred in the blood, concurrent with increased weight of cervical lymph nodes.It is proposed that these effects of splenectomy are caused by the loss of normal inhibition of lymphocyte production exerted by the spleen.