bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and partial purification of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytokinetic apparatus
Authors: Young Brian A. , Buser Christopher , Drubin David G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCytokinesis is the process by which a cell physically divides in two at the conclusion of a cell cycle. In animal and fungal cells, this process is mediated by a conserved set of proteins including actin, type II myosin, IQGAP proteins, F‐BAR proteins, and the septins. To facilitate biochemical and ultrastructural analysis of cytokinesis, we have isolated and partially purified the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytokinetic apparatus. The isolated apparatus contains all components of the actomyosin ring for which we tested—actin, myosin heavy and light chain, and IQGAP—as well as septins and the cytokinetic F‐BAR protein, Hof1p. We also present evidence indicating that the actomyosin rings associated with isolated cytokinetic apparati may be contractile in vitro, and show preliminary electron microscopic imaging of the cytokinetic apparatus. This first successful isolation of the cytokinetic apparatus from a genetically tractable organism promises to make possible a deeper understanding of cytokinesis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation of 1,1‐Diarylethylenes as a Novel Class of Antimitotic Agents
Authors: Hamze Abdallah , Giraud Anne , Messaoudi Samir , Provot Olivier , Peyrat Jean‐François , Bignon Jérôme , Liu Jian‐Miao , Wdzieczak‐Bakala Joanna , Thoret Sylviane , Dubois Joëlle , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouad 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe cytotoxic activities of 23 new isocombretastatin A derivatives with modifications on the B‐ring were investigated. Several compounds exhibited excellent antiproliferative activity at nanomolar concentrations against a panel of human cancer cell lines. Compounds isoFCA‐4 (2 e), isoCA‐4 (2 k) and isoNH2CA‐4 (2 s) were the most cytotoxic, and strongly inhibited tubulin polymerization with IC50 values of 4, 2 and 1.5 μM, respectively. These derivatives were found to be 10‐fold more active than phenstatin and colchicine with respect to growth inhibition but displayed similar activities as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. In addition, cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and subsequent apoptosis was observed in three cancer cell lines when treated with these compounds. The disruptive effect of 2 e, 2 k and 2 s on the vessel‐like structures formed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) suggest that these compounds may act as vascular disrupting agents. Both compounds 2 k and 2 s have the potential for further prodrug modification and development as vascular disrupting agents for treatment of solid tumors.
A rare case of paratesticular pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration: A case report
Authors: Kishore Bimal , Khare Pratima , Gupta Rashmi Jain , Gupta Chhaya , Khare Vandana 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of children and young adults. It represents 6.5% of all malignant tumors in pediatrics with an annual incidence of 4 to 7 cases per million children. Embryonal RMS arising in paratesticular region in young males is a common entity, however pleomorphic RMS in such location is quite rare. An eighteen year old male presented with painless right scrotal mass measuring 7× 6 × 5 cm of two year duration, which was reported on ultrasonography as extratesticular tumor. Fine needle aspiration showed cellular smears comprising of pleomorphic population of mostly singly scattered cells and few cell aggregates. Few isolated large cells with whip like cytoplasmic processes and faint cross‐striations were also seen. A diagnosis of paratesticular malignant mesenchymal tumor probably RMS was made. Tumor was removed surgically with right sided orchidectomy. On histopathology, it was reported as pleomorphic RMS. There was focal lymphatic invasion and involvement of rete testis. Immunostaining of tumor cells revealed myogenin and desmin positivity. The case is being presented because of diagnosis of RMS on Fine needle aspiration and rare occurrence of pleomorphic RMS in paratesticular location. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activity of nAChRs containing α9 subunits modulates synapse stabilization via bidirectional signaling programs
Authors: Murthy Vidya , Taranda Julián , Elgoyhen A. Belén , Vetter Douglas E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAlthough the synaptogenic program for cholinergic synapses of the neuromuscular junction is well known, little is known of the identity or dynamic expression patterns of proteins involved in non‐neuromuscular nicotinic synapse development. We have previously demonstrated abnormal presynaptic terminal morphology following loss of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α9 subunit expression in adult cochleae. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes have remained obscure. To better understand synapse formation and the role of cholinergic activity in the synaptogenesis of the inner ear, we exploit the nAChR α9 subunit null mouse. In this mouse, functional acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmission to the hair cells is completely silenced. Results demonstrate a premature, effusive innervation to the synaptic pole of the outer hair cells in α9 null mice coinciding with delayed expression of cell adhesion proteins during the period of effusive contact. Collapse of the ectopic innervation coincides with an age‐related hyperexpression pattern in the null mice. In addition, we document changes in expression of presynaptic vesicle recycling/trafficking machinery in the α9 null mice that suggests a bidirectional information flow between the target of the neural innervation (the hair cells) and the presynaptic terminal that is modified by hair cell nAChR activity. Loss of nAChR activity may alter transcriptional activity, as CREB binding protein expression is decreased coincident with the increased expression of N‐Cadherin in the adult α9 null mice. Finally, by using mice expressing the nondesensitizing α9 L9′T point mutant nAChR subunit, we show that increased nAChR activity drives synaptic hyperinnervation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009
Experiences with integrated impact assessment – empirical evidence from a survey in three European member states
Authors: Achtnicht Martin , Rennings Klaus , Hertin Julia 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe paper contributes to the discussion on the use of methods and quantification in regulatory impact assessment. We investigate whether there are differences between the three dimensions of sustainable development in terms of the methodical efforts to assess potential impacts. Based on a survey in Germany, the Netherlands and the UK, we provide some evidence regarding these questions. We find that regulatory impact assessment is still biased towards assessing intended and mainly economic costs. There is a gap between the recommended use of methods in official guidance documents and the practice in member states. The reason for this gap can be seen in the existence of operational problems in practice such as lack of data or lack of tools. However, we find that the degree of sophistication of conducted IAs can be improved if responsible desk officers receive training or make use of guidance documents and receive support from co‐ordination units. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Can attitudes predict outcomes? Public opinion, democratic institutions and environmental policy
Authors: Shum Robert Y. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe ‘post‐materialist’ value hypothesis, positing heightened concern for the environment, should predict eventual convergence in environmental policies. In the meantime, surprisingly wide variations persist, even when controlling for income levels. Is there a role for public opinion to explain better the divergences and outcomes observed in environmental policies? This paper explores a possible mechanism by which widely hypothesized income effects on policy can occur via pressure from public opinion. By building upon a median‐voter model of environmental policy‐making and developing an extension to include voter‐information characteristics, we test these effects on air pollution outcomes of varying (global, regional and local) scales. The results provide evidence of significant effects, but suggest two antecedent conditions necessary for political and opinion variables to have an effect: redistributive opportunities, and credible frameworks for addressing collective action problems. The implication is that relying on democratic reform alone may not suffice to improve environmental performance if underlying collective action problems are not addressed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The Structures of Lipopolysaccharides from Plant‐Associated Gram‐Negative Bacteria
Authors: Molinaro Antonio , Newman Mari‐Anne , Lanzetta Rosa , Parrilli Michelangelo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractGram‐negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) have multiple roles in plant–microbe interactions. LPSs contribute to the low permeabilities of bacterial outer membranes, which act as barriers to protect bacteria from plant‐derived antimicrobial substances. Conversely, perception of LPSs by plant cells can lead to the triggering of defence responses or to the priming of the plant to respond more rapidly and/or to a greater degree to subsequent pathogen challenge. LPSs are thus key molecules in the interactions between bacteria and plants, either in symbiosis or pathogenesis. Since LPSs are glycoconjugates genetically and chemically consisting of three different molecular regions, their detailed structure elucidation is a very topical and major scientific task for chemists, and is achieved by a combination of state‐of‐art chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Knowledge of LPSs' chemical structures is an important prerequisite for any further understanding of the biological processes in plant–microbe interactions. Moreover, the LPSs from Gram‐negative bacteria – especially those originating from plant‐associated bacteria – are a great source of novel monosaccharides with unusual and occasionally astounding chemical structures, never found in the eukaryotic world. This review presents the structures of LPSs from plant‐associated bacteria isolated and identified from 2001 onwards. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Application of the Bismuth Film Electrode for Voltammetric Determination of Titanium Using Ti(IV)‐Oxalate‐Chlorate Catalytic System
Authors: Bobrowski Andrzej , Królicka Agnieszka , Pacan Karolina , Zarębski Jerzy 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe catalytic voltammetric protocol for the determination of titanium at a bismuth film electrode is presented. The method is based on the reduction of the Ti(IV)‐oxalate complex to Ti(III)‐oxalate in an acidic solution. It was proven that the addition of KClO3 causes rapid oxidation of Ti(III)‐oxalate and, subsequently, an increase of the reduction peak current of Ti(IV) at the bismuth film electrode. Parameters that influence the Ti response, including the film preparation, solution pH, oxalate acid and chlorate concentrations, were optimized. The exploitation of the bismuth film electrode under the optimized conditions yielded a stable response for titanium, with high sensitivity (12.5 μA μM−1), good precision (RSD=5.0%) and a low detection limit (1×10−8 M).
Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) as Modifiers for Improvement of Carbon Paste Ion Selective Electrode Response; A Comparison Study with PVC Membrane
Authors: Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Khoshsafar Hamid , Faridbod Farnoush , Shirzadmehr Ali , Javanbakht Mehran , Norouzi Parviz 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRoom temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [bmim]BF4, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used for improvement of a praseodymium carbon paste ion selective sensor response. [bmim]BF4 can be a better binder than mineral oils. MWCNTs have a good conductivity which helps the transduction of the signal in carbon paste electrode. The characteristics of these electrodes as potentiometric sensors were evaluated and compared with PVC membrane sensor. The results indicate that potentiometric sensor constructed with ionic liquid shows an increase in performance in terms of Nernstian slope, selectivity, response time, and response stability compared to Pr(III) PVC membrane sensor.
Biofuel Cells with Switchable Power Output
Authors: Katz Evgeny 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBiofuel cells with a switchable power output controlled by external physical or chemical signals were developed. The switchable properties of biofuel cells were achieved by modification of biocatalytic electrodes with signal‐responsive materials sensitive to various stimuli triggering reversible transition of the electrode interfaces between electrochemically active and inactive states. Electrical, magnetic and biochemical signals were used as stimuli controlling the electrode activity. Biochemical systems of various complexity mimicking Boolean logic operations AND/OR as well as multienzyme/multilogic gates networks were functionally coupled with the pH‐sensitive electrodes in the biofuel cell. This allowed switching ON and OFF the power production in the biofuel cell upon application of many different biochemical signals logically processed by the enzyme systems according to the built‐in logic ‘program’. The studied switchable biofuel cells controlled by electric, magnetic and biochemical signals exemplify novel bioelectronic devices activated by external signals on‐demand. They open a new facet in the multidisciplinary field of bioelectronics and keep a big promise for practical applications, particularly as implantable sustainable energy sources for biomedical applications. The present paper gives a short overview of various switchable/tunable biofuel cells with the power production controlled by external signals.
Absorbance‐Based Spectroelectrochemical Sensor for [Re(dmpe)3]+ (dmpe=dimethylphosphinoethane)
Authors: Morris Laura K. , Seliskar Carl J. , Heineman William R. , Del Negro Andrew S. , Bryan Samuel A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA spectroelectrochemical sensor was developed for [Re(dmpe)3]+ as a nonradioactive analog for [Tc(dmpe)3]+. The sensor consists of an optically transparent electrode (OTE) coated with a thin film of sulfonated polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene (SSEBS). Colorless [Re(dmpe)3]+ was reversibly oxidized to [Re(dmpe)3]2+ (λmax=530 nm). [Re(dmpe)3]+ preconcentrated by ion‐exchange into the SSEBS film, resulting in a 20‐fold increase in peak current compared to a bare OTE after 1 h of exposure to aqueous [Re(dmpe)3]+ solution. Detection of [Re(dmpe)3]+ at concentrations down to 2×10−6 M was accomplished by electrochemical modulation of the complex and monitoring absorbance by attenuated total reflectance (ATR).
A Novel Amperometric Transducer Electrode with Iridium‐Niobium Binary Alloys
Authors: Matsumoto Toru , Sata Naoaki , Yamabe‐Mitarai Yoko 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe have discovered that an Ir‐23Nb binary alloy more effectively oxidizes hydrogen peroxide than Ir, Ir‐13Nb, Ir‐17Nb, Ir‐30Nb, Ir‐43Nb, Ir‐62Nb, or Nb. The oxidation capability was determined via cyclic voltammogram measurements of pH‐buffer and hydrogen peroxide. We ascertained that applying a 0.7 V potential produces hydrogen peroxide currents of 9.2 μA/mm2 Ir‐23Nb, 5.3 μA/mm2 Ir, 5.1 μA/mm2 Ir‐17Nb, 3.7 μA/mm2 Ir‐13Nb, 2.0 μA/mm2 Ir‐30Nb, 1.5 μA/mm2 Ir‐43Nb, 0.6 μA/mm2 Ir‐62Nb, and 0.13 μA/mm2 Nb. These results indicate that the effective oxidation of Ir‐23Nb for hydrogen peroxide might be due to its fcc+L12 two‐phase structure and that Ir‐23Nb can be used as an amperometric transducer material.
Template‐Free Galvanic Nanostructuring of Gold Electrodes for Sensitive Electrochemical Biosensors
Authors: Wachholz Falko , Duwensee Heiko , Schmidt Ralf , Zwanzig Michael , Gimsa Jan , Fiedler Stefan , Flechsig Gerd‐Uwe 
Published: September 2009

AbstractGold nanostructuring of smooth gold disk‐electrodes has been performed by electrodeposition. FE‐SEM images indicate a strongly enlarged electrochemically active surface of the modified electrodes. This could be approved by the gold oxide reduction peak in cyclic voltammetry. The electrodes were also applied for sequence‐specific DNA detection. For this, complementary single stranded capture probes were immobilized on the electrodes and consecutively hybridized with complementary and noncomplementary [OsO4(bipy)]‐labeled DNA targets. We found that intermediate dehybridization steps did not decrease the sensitivity for the specific target. Moreover, the surface modification increased the voltammetric signal by an approx. factor of 9. Further, an enhanced linear calibration range was observed. The presented simple nanostructuring process holds great promise for many electrochemical sensor applications.
Ferrocene as a Reference Redox Couple for Aprotic Ionic Liquids
Authors: Lewandowski Andrzej , Waligora Lukasz , Galinski Maciej 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of ferrocene has been studied in a number of room temperature ionic liquids. Diffusion‐controlled, well‐defined anodic and cathodic peaks were found for the Fc/Fc+ (ferrocene/ferrocenium) oxidation/reduction on the gold electrode. Ohmic resistance R between working and auxiliary electrodes was deduced from impedance measurements. Cyclic voltammograms were corrected for the base line current as well as for the ohmic drop (IR). The formal potential 1/2(Epa+Epc) for ferrocene reduction/oxidation in aprotic ionic liquids tested is within a relatively narrow range and may be approximated by the value of 0.527±0.018 V (against the cryptate Ag/Ag+222 in acetonitrile reference). Ferrocene diffusion coefficients, calculated from the peak current dependence on the sweep rate, were of the order of 10−7 cm2 s−1.
Indirect Determination of Trace Tetraborate by Differential Pulse Polarography Using Its Copper Complex and Application to Waste and Drinking Water
Authors: Ünal Ülkü , Somer Güler 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA new differential pulse polarographic (DPP) method has been developed for the trace determination of boron. Its most stable copper complex is used in 0.5 M KNO3 electrolyte since boron is not electroactive. By continuous addition of tetraborate to copper solution, the copper peak decreased first but then the peak became very small and nearly constant. This point was used for the boron determination. It was found that one mole of copper used two moles of tetraborate. Using this relationship, 1×10−5 M tetraborate could be determined. The quantification limit was 2.5×10−6 M and detection limit was 8×10−7 M. In the presence of complex forming ions such as Pb, Zn, and Cd, the borate found in sample was somewhat smaller because of their reaction with borate. But since their complexes were not as strong as copper, only a few percent of borate were used. No interference was observed in the presence of calcium, chloride and sulfate. This method is applied for the determination of B in borax ore, waste water of borax industries and tap water of Ankara city.
Ultrasensitive Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on Enzyme Bound to Layered Nonoriented Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes/Polyelectrolyte Electrodes
Authors: Munge Bernard S. , Dowd Richard S. , Krause Colleen E. , Millord Lines N. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA sensitive hydrogen peroxide sensor based on horseradish peroxidase covalently attached to layered nonoriented MWNTs modified electrode is presented. Cyclic voltammetry results gave quasi‐reversible FeIII/FeII voltammetry. The electron transfer rate constant (ks) and Michaelis–Menten constant (KM) in pH 7 is 48.8±0.9 s−1 and 0.13±0.05 mM respectively. A linear calibration curve for hydrogen peroxide was obtained up to 120 nM under the optimized conditions with a remarkable detection limit of (S/N=3) 1.5 nM. Results suggest that the nonoriented nanotubes act as electrical conductors and may also provide large surface area facilitating facile electron transfer and excellent electrochemical catalysis.
Preparation and Characterization of GCE Coatings Combining DDDMAB and PDADMAC with FAD and HCM for Electrocatalytic Detection of Oxygen and Sulfur Oxoanions
Authors: Chen Shen‐Ming , Chzo Wen‐Yan , Thangamuthu R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractElectrochemically active hybrid coatings based on cationic films, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDDMAB), and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) are prepared on glassy carbon electrode surface by cycling the film‐covered electrode repetitively in a pH 7 solution containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and anionic hexacyanometalate (HCM) complexes, Fe(CN)63− and Ru(CN)64−. Cyclic voltammetric features of hybrid coatings resemble that of electron transfer process of surface‐confined redox species. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) was used to monitor the deposition of FAD on DDDMAB film. Cyclic voltammetric peak potentials of modified electrode were found to be shifted to more negative region with increasing pH of contacting solution with a slope value of 63.3mV per pH unit. The electrocatalytic behavior of FAD‐modified DDDMAB‐coated GCE and hybrid film electrodes was tested towards reduction of oxygen, S2O82−, SO52− and oxidation of SO32−. The application of FAD‐modified DDDMAB‐coated GCE for S2O82− estimation was demonstrated in amperometric mode. The sensitivity and detection limit (S/N=3) were 267.6 μA mM−1 and 2×10−6 M, respectively.
Flow cytometric scoring of micronucleated reticulocytes as a possible high‐throughput radiation biodosimeter
Authors: Liu Libo , Liu Yuguang , Ni Guangying , Liu Shuzheng 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMicronucleated reticulocyte (MN‐RET) scoring by flow cytometry (FCM) has been used in assessment of the clastogenic effects of chemicals. However, its dose–response to acute whole body irradiation (WBI) at moderate dose rates remains to be established. We show that FCM scoring of MN‐RET in peripheral blood from male ICR mice exposed to WBI X‐ray doses of 0.5–5 Gy at a dose rate of 0.488 Gy/min exhibits a linear dose–response relationship 24, 48, and 72 hr following WBI. Parallel microscopic counting of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN‐PCE) in bone marrow smears from the same animals showed similar linear dose–response patterns at the same time points. Indeed, MN‐RET and MN‐PCE were highly correlated at all doses and time points. In view of the speed and accuracy of this method, in addition to the small blood sample size needed for the assay, the flow cytometric protocol for MN‐RET scoring may provide a minimally‐invasive, high throughput radiation biodosimeter. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.