bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON THE ISSUE OF THE FORMATION OF A RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT (MINISTRY) OF WITTE - STOLYPIN. FACTS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION
Authors:   St. Petersburg Institute (branch), Rybin Danil V. ,   All-Russian State University of Justice
Published: June 2024

The article considers an issue that is actively discussed in modern historical science. It is the story of the unsuccessful formation of a coalition government of officials and public figures at the height of the first Russian revolution. Despite important discoveries in the sphere, many aspects of the formation	of	a	government	of	public	trust	remain	unknown.	We	present	some	of	them	in this publication. Three attempts were made to form a government by the chairmen	of	the	government:	S.Yu.	Witte,	I.L.	Goremykin	and	P.A.	Stolypin.	The closest they came to forming a government was the combination discussed in	June	1906.	For	several	reasons	it	did	not	take	place.	Each	side	pursued	its	own interests, often the group or selfish ones. Everyone blamed each other for the failure of the negotiations. Thus, an important opportunity to bring urban societies closer to the state was missed, what played a negative role in the future history of the country.
FINANCING OF HOLIDAYS IN ATHENS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 5TH - EARLY 4TH CENTURIES BС ACCORDING TОLEASE AGREEMENTS OF TEMENOS
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Bulycheva Elena V. 
Published: June 2024

The article deals with the issue of financing festive ceremonies in ancient Athens in the middle of the 5th – early 4th centuries BC Epigraphic material is used as the main source – inscriptions dedicated to the leasing of sacred land plots (temenos). In ancient Greece, there were a large number of holidays that were held pompously. Judging by the information of ancient authors, data from archeology and epigraphy, a large expenditure of funds was spent on their conduct, which came from various sources. The analysis of the content of the inscriptions on the leasing of temenos suggests how festivals were financed in ancient Attica during the leasing of sacred lands. The analysis of the epigraphic data shows that, in accordance with the terms of the temenos lease agreements, landlords (demes, phratries and religious communities) ordered tenants to transfer funds to finance public celebrations (Panathenaea, Apaturia, Dionisii), as	well	as	for	local	holidays.	In	addition,	part	of	the	grown	crops	and	livestock	were	sent	to	the	solemn	sacrifices	that	accompanied	every	Greek	holiday.	The	receipt of those funds was monitored by officials of the Athens polis.
REFLECTION OF HOLOCAUST VICTIMS’ SPIRITUAL RESISTANCE IN THE TESTIMONIES OF AUSCHWITZ SONDERCOMMANDO MEMBERS
Authors:   Independent researcher, Sherman Leonid 
Published: June 2024

Among the numerous crimes of Nazi Germany and its accomplices during the Second Word War, they attempted the mass extermination of the Jewish people. Those events entered word history under the name Holocaust, in Hebrew – “Shoa” (disaster, catastrophe). Even though the literature on various aspects of the life and death of Jews in Holocaust period in general and in the	extermination	camps	in	particular	is	quite	extensive,	there	is	no	particular	analysis	of	the	spiritual	resistance	of	prisoners.	The	article	analyzes	the	reflection of Sondercommando members’ spiritual resistance in the Auschwitz death camp, which became an ominous symbol of the atrocities committed by the Nazis and their collaborators, as presented in their testimonies, called “Scrolls from the Ashes”. The composition of Sondercommando members and their “position” were studied. The authorship issues of the “Scrolls” and the motives for their creation are considered. It gives surviving witnesses’ and descendants’ assessments are given to their activities. The analyzed sources indicate that despite the inhuman conditions and constant threat of immediate destruction, the members of the Sondercommando not only retained their moral spirit, but also	demonstrated	the	will	to	resist.	A	striking	example	of	which	is	the	uprising	that	broke	out	on	October	7th,	1944,	near	the	ovens	of	Auschwitz-Birkenau	crematorium.
THE INTRODUCTION OF MARTIAL LAW IN THE GRAND DUCHY OF FINLAND IN THE PROJECTS OF RUSSIAN INSTITUTIONS AND OFFICIALS (1907-1911)
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Bakhturina Aleksandra Yu. 
Published: June 2024

The article considers the projects of the introduction of martial law in the Grand Duchy of Finland after the end of the first Russian Revolution in 1907–1911 and the discussions in the ruling circles on that issue. It analyzes the reasons for the desire of the bureaucratic elite to introduce martial law in the Principality. Based on documents from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire of the Russian Foreign Ministry, the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Historical Archive funds and published sources, it is concluded that the introduction of martial law was associated with the need to fight the Russian revolutionary movement, whose participants actively used the Finland’s special status when hiding from the Russian police and gendarmerie. A comparison is made of the positions of Nicholas II, Grand Duke	nikolai	nikolaevich,	P.A.	Stolypin,	A.F.	Zein,	V.n.	Kokovtsov	regarding	the possibility of martial law in Finland. Their views, as well as the position of representatives of the ministries, show that the imposition of martial law has always been considered by the Russian side as an extreme measure, an undesirable and ineffective way of governing the Grand Duchy. That is why, despite the difficult political circumstances, it was not introduced and official St. Petersburg sought to resolve issues through negotiations.
ABOLITION OF THE INSTITUTION OF ZEMSTVO DISTRICT CHIEFS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN MARCH 1917 (ON THE EXAMPLE OF BELARUSIAN PROVINCES)
Authors:   BIP- University of Law and Social-Information Technologies, Hushchynski Ihar	H. 
Published: June 2024

The article deals in an abolition of the positions of Zemstvo district chiefs in the Belarusian provinces during the February Revolution of 1917. Positions were introduced in the Russian Empire in 1889 in order to strengthen government control over the peasantry. As a rule, the positions of Zemstvo	district	chiefs	were	taken	over	by	local	landlords.	Those	officials	were	subordinated to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Along with administrative powers, they were given judicial functions in relation to peasants (previously it was under the jurisdiction of justices of the peace). It contradicted the principle of separating the judiciary from administrative authority and put the peasants in	an	unequal	legal	position	compared	to	other	estates.	In	the	Belarusian	provinces the positions of Zemstvo district chiefs existed until March 1917, when their	activity	was	terminated	by	the	Provisional	Government.	The	liquidation	of	those	positions	during	the	February	Revolution	looked	like	a	completely	natural measure in the context of trend of renewal and democratization of public life. At the same time, in practice, then often led to vacuum of judicial power in rural areas and made it almost impossible for local authorities to maintain law and order.
THE ARMORED FORCES OF THE RED ARMY IN KHASAN’S AND KHALKHIN GOL’S ARMED CONFLICTS. REFLECTIONS OF THE MILITARY ELITE
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Kilichenkov Aleksei A. 
Published: June 2024

In the article, based on documents from the collections of the Russian State Military Archive (RGVA), an attempt is made to analyze the process of understanding by representatives of the Red Army command the experience of	the	actions	of	Armored	forces	during	local	military	conflicts	at	lake	Khasan	and	Khalkhin	Gol	river	in	1938–1939.	The	conclusions	made	by	commanders	at various levels, in general, accurately recorded the main shortcomings and errors	in	the	use	of	tank	units	and	formations,	which	completely	repeated	those	during	the	Civil	War	in	Spain.	It	is	concluded	that	by	the	time	the	conflicts	began,	that	experience	was	unknown	to	tank	and	combined	arms	commanders.	In addition, based on content analysis, the inability of specialists to assess the weak	armoring	of	tanks	is	revealed	as	the	main	reason	for	heavy	losses.	Attention is drawn to the fact that while correctly recording the extremely low level of	training	of	commanders	and	personnel	of	the	tank	forces,	the	final	conclusions of the reports to the higher command contained exceptionally high assessments of combat effectiveness and assurances of readiness to carry out any order. At the same time, the country’s top military-political leadership received a sufficient amount of truthful information from its representatives from the conflict	zone,	but	preferred	to	broadcast	to	the	public	a	picture	of	the	highest	combat readiness of the armored forces, which was clearly and convincingly reflected	in	mass	Soviet	culture.
PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS UNTUK MENGURANGI JUMLAH CACAT PRODUK DENGAN PENDEKATAN PETA KENDALI P SERTA USULAN PERBAIKAN ( STUDI KASUS DI PT. BARATA INDONESIA (PERSERO) )
Authors: Sumarsono Dendy , Widiasih Wiwin 
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah penerapan sistem pengendalian kualitas produk pada PT Barata Indonesia (PERSERO) sudah terkendali atau belum terkendali, serta mencari tahu penyebab kerusakan produk pada PT Barata Indonesia (PERSERO) dan memberi usulan perbaikan. Pada penelitian kali ini, metode yang akan digunakan adalah membuat Histogram, peta kendali, Diagram Pareto dan diagram tulang ikan (Fishbone). Metode-metode tersebut digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis kerusakan produk yang terjadi, serta mencari penyebab terjadinya kerusakan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pengendalian kualitas produk pada PT Barata Indonesia (PERSERO) masih ada yang belum terkendali, dengan rata-rata kerusakan produk sebesar 20% pada bulan Januari – April 2023 . Jenis kerusakan yang paling banyak terjadi adalah Srinkage dengan jumlah 460 dari total produk cacat pada bulan Januari – April 2023. Dari hasil observasi lapangan dan wawancara, faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab kerusakan ini adalah faktor manusia, peralatan, metode kerja bahan baku dan Lingkungan kerja.
ANALISIS PERAMALAN PENJUALAN WINE PALA MENGGUNAKAN METODE TIME SERIES DI NEGERI LILIBOOI
Authors: Manuputty Juan Felix , Rasyid Mentari , Mandaku Hanok 
Published: June 2024

Wine pala merupakan minuman yang berasal dari hasil fermentasi buah pala yang melalui prosedur penyulingan. Cakupan penjualan wine pala umumnya berada pada area Maluku dan Maluku Tengah, namun seiringkali juga pemesanan datang dari Papua dan Jakarta. Usaha Wine Pala dikembangkan pada sebuah Desa Yang Bernama Negeri Lilibooi, dimana pada daerah ini banyak dihasilkan tanaman pala yang kemudian dikembangkan oleh masyarakatnya menjadi Wine berbahan dasar pala yang diberi nama Wine Pala Mr. Boy. Wine Pala Mr. Boy diproduksi setiap minggu dan menghasilkan rata-rata 20-30 botol. Pada tahun 2019 jumlah produksi wine pala meningkat menjadi 50 botol, tahun 2020 terjadi penambahan produk menjadi 150 botol hingga pada tahun 2023 jumlah produksi menjadi 300 botol per setiap proses penyulingan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meramalkan jumlah produksi wine pala pada tahun 2024 menggunakan metode time series, Metode Naive, Moving Average(SMA) dan (WMA), Exponetial Smooting, dan metode Trend Project. Hasil perhitungan peramalan ke-empat metode menghasilkan nilai error yang paling besar yaitu pada metode moving average dengan nilai peramalan selanjutnya adalah 223,667 atau dibulatkan 224 botol sedangkan nilai eror yang paling kecil yaitu perhitungan menggunakan metode exponential smoothing didapatkan hasil peramalan selanjutnya 244 botol.
OPTIMALISASI RUTE DISTRIBUSI UP3 PLN AMBON DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN TRAVELLING SALESMAN PROBLEM (TSP)
Authors: Sekewael Fabio Juleon , Sahar Dian Pratiwi , Affifudin Mohammad Thezar 
Published: June 2024

Pendistribusian adalah proses untuk menyalurkan suatu barang / material dari produsen ke konsumen. Salah satu tujuan dilakukannya distribusi material adalah agar konsumen bisa mendapatkan material yang dibutuhkan dengan mudah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada UP3 PLN Ambon, diketahui bahwa jarak distribusi pada UP3 PLN Ambon belum optimal. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada data rute distribusi UP3 PLN Ambon dimana jarak distribusi dari Gudang UP3 ke masing-masing unit layanan memiliki nilai yang sangat besar. Pada penelitian ini, penulis menerapkan metode Travelling Salesmen Problem (TSP) untuk membantu UP3 PLN Ambon dalam menentukan rute distribusi yang optimal. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengukur jarak distribusi dari Gudang UP3 ke 5 (lima) Unit Layanan Pelanggan (ULP) yang diteliti yaitu ULP Ambon Kota, ULP Nusaniwe, ULP Baguala, ULP Hitu dan ULP Tulehu dan menganalisis rute distribusi dengan menggunakan program LINGO. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran jarak distribusi dengan menggunakan bantuan aplikasi Google Maps dan pengolahan data menggunakan Program LINGO, diketahui bahwa Program LINGO berhasil menghasilkan rute yang optimal bagi UP3 PLN Ambon dengan tingkat efisiensi sebesar 4,1% dari rute yang sebelumnya. Dengan demikian Program LINGO telah berhasil beradaptasi dengan sistem di dunia nyata dalam mengoptimalkan jarak rute distribusi material pada UP3 PLN Ambon.
Kata Kunci: Rute, Distribusi, Travelling Salesmen Problem (TSP)
ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN PRODUKSI AIR MINUM DALAM KEMASAN (AMDK) DENGAN METODE AGREGAT PLANNING PADA CV. ABADI TIGA MANDIRI (AYUDES)
Authors: Dahuna Rano Putra , Tukan Marcus , Tupan Johan M. 
Published: June 2024

CV. Abadi Tiga Mandiri adalah salah satu perusahaan yang begerak di bidang penjualan air minum dalam kemasan di kota Ambon, Maluku. prusahaan memproduksi produk Air minum dalam kemasan dengan bentuk gelas, botol dan galon. Penjualan setiap periode umumnya bersifat berfluktuasi. Perencanaan produksi perlu dilakukan agar bisa mengoptimalkan sumber daya yang ada salah satunya melalui peramalan dengan aggregate planning. Penilitian ini diusulkan kepada bagian manajemen produksi Perusahaan sebagai upaya menentukan cara terbaik dalam memenuhi permintaan dengan menyesuaikan tingkat kebutuhan tenaga kerja, waktu lembur. dan semua variabel yang dapat dikendalikan perusahaan untuk memproduksi produk agar dapat memperoleh laba yang maksimal dengan biaya minimal. Metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan peramalan pada produk air mineral 220 ml adalah Single Moving Average, Exponential Smoothing, dan Weighted Moving Average. Sedangkan pada aggregate planning strategi yang digunakan adalah strategi pengendalian tenaga kerja, dan strategi campuran dengan over time. Kemudian dipilih strategi terbaik untuk menghasilkan biaya minimum. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode peramalan yang terbaik adalah weighted moving average dengan total nilai MAD dan MAPE sebesar 5561,034, dan 8, 11%. dan strategi aggregate yang menghasilkan biaya minimum yaitu strategi campuran dengan over time dengan total biaya sebesar Rp. 1.144.881.970.
The contribution of hormonal disorders in the pathogenesis of metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Fadieienko G. D. , Gridnyev O. Y. , Buriakovska О. О. 
Published: June 2024

The analysis has been performed for the contribution of hormones to the pathogenetic mechanisms of metabolic‑associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The role of adipose tissue hormones in the development of metabolic disorders and systemic inflammatory reactions is well investigated and proved. With progression of metabolic‑associated steatohepatitis (MASH), the leptin levels increase, and adiponectin and omentin levels decrease, associating with the proinflammatory and profibrotic state of the liver and impaired glucose metabolism. The liver also produces hormone‑like proteins, hepatokines, which actively affect the extrahepatic regulation of metabolism, namely, contribute to the development of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Medications, affecting the endocrinological component of MASLD/MASH pathogenesis, are considered one the of the most promising approaches for the treatment of these diseases. It should be noted that only pioglitazone and glucagon‑like peptide (GLP)‑1 receptor agonists are the two antihyperglycemic drugs with proven efficacy and safety at MASH. Thus, the use of GLP‑1 agonists results in the reduction of food intake, body weight, improvement of glucose control in patients with MASH, they reduce steatosis and insulin resistance, and the level of inflammation in the liver. The data are available indicating the prospect of using dual agonists of GLP‑1/glucagon and GLP‑1 and glucose‑dependent insulinotropic peptide for the treatment of MASLD/MASH. According to preliminary data, such combinations resulted in the decrease in steatosis and improvement in liver fibrosis indicators, though additional proof is required to confirm changes in the histological liver characteristics. Another group of hormones with significant importance in MASLD pathogenesis, are hormones of the adrenal glands (aldosterone, cortisol and androgens), as they take an active part in the regulation of the response to stress and lipolysis. In this aspect, androgens attract special attention, because firstly, both their deficiency and excess will contribute to the development of hepatic steatosis, obesity, insulin resistance and other signs of metabolic syndrome, and secondly, their deficiency will contribute to the development of sarcopenia, which is very important in the aspect of MASLD. A lack of estrogen in women will also contribute to liver steatosis, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and obesity. One of the factors affecting the development of liver steatosis can be growth hormone, decrease in its level will contribute to the intrahepatic accumulation of fat, which will increase the risk of MASHP. Thyroid hormones can also play a role in the development of MASLD, the severity of hypothyroidism has a direct correlation with the severity of MASLD, and the levels of thyroid‑stimulating hormone and free thyroxine have an association with liver fibrosis.
मदन भण्डारीका सृजनामा भाषिक चयन र विचलन
Authors: घिमिरे Ghimire कृष्णप्रसाद Krishnaprasad 
Published: June 2024

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा मदन भण्डारीका साहित्यिक रचनाहरूलाई छनोट गरी तिनमा अभिव्यक्त शिल्पपक्षका सौन्दर्यात्मक गुणलाई चयन तथा विचलनका माध्यमबाट रेखाङ्कन गरिएको छ । भण्डारी नेपालको पूर्वी पहाडी जिल्लामा जन्मेर वनारसबाट शिक्षा हासिल गरी देशको सेवा गर्ने अठोटसहित स्वदेश फर्केका युवा देखिन्छन् ।उनमा सामाजिक समानताबाट मानवीय सञ्चेतनाअभिवृद्धि गरी सामाजिक रूपान्तरण गर्ने अभिलाषा पलाएकोपाइन्छ।उनी मूलतः सामाज रूपान्तरणका लागि साहित्य र राजनीति दुवैलाई प्रयोग गर्ने स्रष्टा मन भएका राजनीतिक व्यक्ति हुन्छन् । उनका रचनामा वर्गीय विषमताले युक्तमानिसका जीवनको यथार्थ चित्रण भेटिन्छ ।कृतिमा अङ्कित पात्रहरू पञ्चायतकालीन राजनीतिबाट अन्यायमा पारिएका हुन्छन् , त्यसबाट मुक्ति पाउन जागरण सहितको सामाजिक रूपान्तरण आवश्यक मानिन्छ भन्ने सन्दर्भ भण्डारीका रचनामा मुखरित भएको पाइन्छ ।त्यसैले मदनद्वारा लेखिएका प्रत्येक कविता, गीत, कथा ,नाटक , निबन्ध आदिमा नेपाली जनताको चासो तथा माटोप्रति सचेत भएर सम्बोधन गरिएको हुन्छ।उनका रचनालाई आधार मानी विश्लेषण गर्दा विधागत भाषिक चयन र विचलनको विन्यास तिनका कृतिमा प्रशस्त पाइएको हुनाले ती रचनाहरू मर्मस्पर्शी बनेका देखिन्छन् । त्यसकारण भण्डारीका सृजनाहरू कलासौन्दर्यका दृष्टिले सशक्त र गरिमाशाली छन् भन्ने निष्कर्षात्मक तथ्य यसमा उत्खनित भएको पाइन्छ ।
[This article discusses on the literary works of Madan Bhandari in relation to the aesthetic qualities and the artistic aspects expressed in the different texts. Bhandari is a young man born in the eastern hilly district of Nepal, educated in Varanasi. He returned to home with the determination to serve the country. His works display his desire to transform society by increasing human awareness through social equality. He seems to be a political person with a creative mind who uses both literature and politics for social transformation. One finds a realistic depiction of the life of people with class differences in his works. The characters in his works are subjected to injustice due to Panchayat politics. Consequently, human awareness initiates social transformation so that they could solve the problem. Therefore, Madan addresses the interests of the Nepali people and the need of the land in his poem, song, story, and essay. Analyzing his works on the basis of linguistic selection , his works are found touching. Therefore, we conclude that Bhandari's creations are strong and dignified from the point of view of aestheticism.]
न्यायवैशेषिकयोरभावमीमांसा
Authors: आचार्यः पुरुषोत्तम 
Published: June 2024

प्रस्तुतोऽयमालेखो न्यायवैशेषिकदर्शनयोरभावमीमांसायां केन्द्रितो वर्तते । गुणात्मकस्वरूपे सज्जीकृतेऽस्मिन् आलेखे पुस्तकालयीयविधिद्वारा प्राप्ततथ्यानां विश्लेषणं विधायान्ते निष्कर्षः प्रस्तुतोऽस्ति । इहालेखे न्याये वैशेषिके च सप्तमपदार्थत्वेनाभिमतस्याभावस्य स्वरूपं विश्लिष्टं वर्तते । अभावस्य स्वरूपम् किम् ? तद्भेदश्च कः ? संसर्गाख्याभावाः के ? इत्यादिशङ्कानिवारणायैवायमालेखः प्रस्तुतः । द्रव्यादिषट्पदार्थभिन्नो यो नास्तीतिप्रतीतिविषयः, सोऽभावो भवति । तच्च नञ्पदजन्यप्रतीतिविषयत्वमेव । अभावभेदप्रतिपादनावसरे तस्य द्वैविध्यं वा चातुर्विध्यं वा षाड्विध्यं वेत्यत्र विदुषां मतैक्यं न दृश्यतेऽपि सारतः प्रागभावप्रध्वंसाभावात्यन्ताभावान्योन्याभावभेदेन तच्चातुर्विध्ये न केषाञ्चनाप्यापत्तिः । अभावपदार्थचिन्तनक्रमे कणाद-शङ्करमिश्र-जयन्तभट्ट-विश्वनाथभट्टाचार्य-केशवमिश्र-अन्नम्भट्टप्रभृत्याचार्याणां सिद्धान्तो विवेचितो वर्तते । एवञ्चाध्ययनस्य निष्कर्षरूपेण प्रागभावाप्रतियोगित्वे सति ध्वंसप्रतियोगित्वं प्रागभावत्वम्, प्रागभावप्रतियोगित्वे सति ध्वंसाप्रतियोगित्वं प्रध्वंसाभावत्वम्, प्रागभावाप्रतियोगित्वे सति ध्वंसाप्रतियोगित्वे सति अन्योन्याभावभिन्नत्वे सति अभावत्वमत्यन्ताभावत्वम्, तादात्म्यसम्बन्धावच्छिन्नप्रतियोगिताकत्वे सत्यभावत्वमन्योन्याभावत्वमिति निष्कृष्टलक्षणं प्रतिपाद्यान्ते निष्कर्षः प्रदत्तो वर्तते । अस्मान्निष्कर्षान्न्यायवैशेषिकाभिमतस्याभावपदार्थस्यावबोधने जिज्ञासूनां कृतेऽयमालेख उपयोगी भविष्यतीत्यपेक्ष्यते ।
[This article focuses on the lack of philosophy of justice and philosophy. This article is prepared in a qualitative format, the data obtained through the library method, which are analyzed and the conclusion is presented. In this article, the nature of lack is accepted as the seventh substance in the law and Vaisheshika. What is the lack? How many types of it are there? What is affinity? This article tries to clear such doubts. Although there is no consensus among the scholars as to whether there are two, four or six types of lack, no one disagrees that there are four types of lack in essence, Pragabhava, Pradvanshabhava, Ugyabhava and Anonyabhava. During the discussion, the doctrines of Kanad, Shankar Mishra, Jayanta Bhatt, Vishwanath Bhattacharya, Keshav Mishra, Annambhatt etc. have been discussed. Therefore, it has been concluded with the signs that Pragabhava being non-competitive and destructive is Pragabhava, Pragabhava being destructive and Pragbhava being destructive, Pragabhava being antagonistic and destructive and being different from each onyabhava. From this conclusion, it is expected that the curious will be useful to gain knowledge about the lack of justice and special philosophy.]