bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data mining: comparing the empiric CFS to the Canadian ME/CFS case definition
Authors: Jason Leonard A. , Skendrovic Beth , Furst Jacob , Brown Abigail , Weng Angela , Bronikowski Christine 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article contrasts two case definitions for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). We compared the empiric CFS case definition (Reeves et al., 2005) and the Canadian ME/CFS clinical case definition (Carruthers et al., 2003) with a sample of individuals with CFS versus those without. Data mining with decision trees was used to identify the best items to identify patients with CFS. Data mining is a statistical technique that was used to help determine which of the survey questions were most effective for accurately classifying cases. The empiric criteria identified about 79% of patients with CFS and the Canadian criteria identified 87% of patients. Items identified by the Canadian criteria had more construct validity. The implications of these findings are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–9, 2011.
Experimental analysis and optimization of the synthesizing property of nitrogen‐modified TiO2 visible‐light photocatalysts
Authors: Su Te‐Li , Kuo Yu‐Lin , Wu Tsai‐Jung , Kung Fu‐Chen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate improvement of the photocatalytic activity of visible‐light driven nitrogen‐modified TiO2 (N‐TiO2) powder toward methyl blue (MB) and direct blue‐86 (DB‐86) dyes. The Taguchi method with an L9 orthogonal array was applied to plan the synthesis parameters, i.e. nitrogen sources, nitrogen source concentrations, stirring time and calcined temperatures. 95% confirmation experiments were undertaken to verify the effectiveness of the Taguchi method.RESULTS: All N‐TiO2 photocatalysts were shifted toward the visible light region with the optical band gap (Eg). Nitrogen source concentrations were significant parameters for the photocatalytic decolorization rate constants (k values). In comparison with pure TiO2, the photodecolorization behavior of N‐TiO2 toward DB‐86 was superior with a reaction rate constant of 1.68 × 10−3 min−1, and a 4 h photodecolorization efficiency of 34%.CONCLUSION: The Taguchi method was reported to alter the surface properties of commercial Degussa P25 TiO2, which could then be used as a visible‐light driven photocatalyst. The visible‐light‐driven photocatalyst was investigated to determine material characteristics. Greater photodecolorization of MB and DB‐86 dye pollutants using optimally‐prepared N‐TiO2 under visible light irradiation was successfully obtained. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Fipronil (active ingredient of acaricide frontline®) acting on the mice thyroid
Authors: Ferreira Mateus , De Oliveira Patrícia Rosa , Denardi Sandra Eloisi , Bechara Gervásio Henrique , MAthias Maria Izabel Camargo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFipronil, active ingredient of Frontline® acaricide, is a phenyl‐pyrazolic derivative, and its efficacy in the elimination of several plagues, even in lower concentrations, has already been demonstrated; however, its effect on nontarget organisms has not been thoroughly explained. In this sense, the present study had the objective to evaluate the effects of different doses of fipronil in mice and determine its cytotoxic potential and possible compromises on nontarget organisms in artificial conditions. The results showed that animals exposed to fipronil presented significant alterations in the thyroidean tissue with evident follicular disorganization, decreased in the size of most follicles culminating with the rupture of smaller follicles and still with posterior fusion in a big and irregular “follicle” filled with colloid. The present study also revealed that the action of fipronil not only causes disorganization in the thyroidean tissue but alsoalters the chemical composition of the colloid itself (prehormone), modifying its proteic basis, which was confirmed by histochemical test for protein detection, making it clear that, in thyroids exposed to fipronil, the colloid was weakly positive or even negative for the presence of proteins in its constitution. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intravital dual‐colored visualization of colorectal liver metastasis in living mice using two photon laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Tanaka Koji , Morimoto Yuhki , Toiyama Yuji , Okugawa Yoshinaga , Inoue Yasuhiro , Uchida Keiichi , Kimura Kazushi , Mizoguchi Akira , Kusunoki Masato 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA major challenge of cancer biology is to visualize the dynamics of the metastatic process in secondary organs at high optical resolution in vivo real‐time. Here, we presented intravital, dual‐colored imaging of liver metastasis formation from a single cancer cell to metastatic colonies in the living liver of living mice using two photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). Red fluorescent protein expressing murine (SL4) or human (HT29) colorectal cancer cell lines were inoculated to the spleen of green fluorescent protein expressing mice. Intravital TPLSM was performed by exteriorizing and fixing the liver lobe of living mice. This was repeated several times for the long‐term imaging of the same mouse. Viable cancer cells in the living liver of living mice were visualized intravitally at a magnification of over 600×. Single cancer cells were arrested within hepatic sinusoids 2 h after injection. Platelet aggregation surrounding a cancer cell was observed, indicating a phenomenon of tumor‐cell induced platelet aggregation. Cancer cells were extravasated from hepatic sinusoids to the space of Disse. Protrusions of Kupffer cells surrounding a cancer cell were observed, indicating that Kupffer cells appear to phagocytose cancer cells. SL4 cells formed liver metastatic colonies with extensive stromal reaction. Liver metastases by HT29 cells were observed as a cluster of micrometastatic nodules. High‐resolution, dual‐colored, real‐time visualization of cancer metastasis using intravital TLPSM can help to understand spatiotemporal tumor‐host interactions during metastatic processes in the living organs of living animals. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A moderated mediation test of personality, coping, and health among deployed soldiers
Authors: Peng Ann Chunyan , Riolli Laura T. , Schaubroeck John , Spain Everett S. P. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryOur study examines how personality and coping influence soldiers' psychological health among 648 US Army personnel who were at that time deployed in Iraq at the height of an insurgency. Conscientiousness, neuroticism, and extraversion were associated with different coping behaviors, and these were in turn related to psychological distress. Conscientiousness was positively associated with problem‐focused coping and negatively with avoidance coping, whereas neuroticism was most positively associated with avoidance coping. Extraversion was positively related to both seeking social support and avoidance coping. As expected, avoidance coping was positively associated with psychological distress. Coping style explained more variance in the relationship between personality and distress among soldiers who perceived higher levels of threat, thus supporting a moderated mediation hypothesis. We discuss implications for facilitating the stress coping of workers who face acute and potentially traumatic stress exposures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linking workplace incivility to citizenship performance: The combined effects of affective commitment and conscientiousness
Authors: Taylor Shannon G. , Bedeian Arthur G. , Kluemper Donald H. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryAlthough all human relationships are believed to generally adhere to the basic tenets of social exchange theory, recent research suggests that exchange processes may vary as a function of individual differences. We tested this possibility by examining whether the effects of uncivil workplace exchanges on employee attitudes and behavior were moderated by conscientiousness. Using matched data from 190 job incumbents and their supervisors, we found (i) the effect of workplace incivility on citizenship performance to be transmitted through affective commitment and (ii) the strength of this effect to depend on individual differences in conscientiousness. As such, the overall pattern of relationships supported moderated mediation, in that, the indirect effect of workplace incivility on citizenship performance through affective commitment was stronger for individuals high (as compared with those low) in conscientiousness. These findings broaden the focus of prior research by illustrating that, in addition to the mediating effects of cognitive and stress‐based factors, social exchange processes are important for understanding incivility's adverse effects on citizenship performance and that such exchanges are moderated by individual differences in conscientiousness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating climate change in UK cities using a regional climate model, HadRM3
Authors: McCarthy M. P. , Harpham C. , Goodess C. M. , Jones P. D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA regional climate model (RCM) at 25 km resolution, coupled to a simple urban land‐surface scheme has been used to assess the sensitivity of UK urban climates to large‐scale greenhouse gas (GHG) induced climate change, local forcing from urban land use, and anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) resulting from energy use in urban areas. GHG‐induced climate change is similar over both urban and rural land surfaces in the model, suggesting that under a changing climate the relative magnitude of urban heat islands in the UK would remain the same. However, indirect effects from urbanisation or changes in energy consumption within UK cities would contribute to further localized anthropogenic climate change that can be quantified by this model. The presence of the urban heat island also has a significant impact on the frequency of extreme high temperatures both in present and future climates, and will exacerbate the impact of climate change on the urban population.The simple urban land‐surface exchange scheme is a cost effective additional component of the RCM. It is shown to provide a realistic city‐scale urban heat island responding to the dynamical weather of the model at every model time‐step, with a magnitude and variability comparable to observed values. The climate model provides long integrations to derive large samples of heat islands under a full range of simulated dynamical conditions, and in this study sampling more than 100 years of climate change. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society and British Crown copyright, the Met Office
Taking a stakeholders' approach to corporate social responsibility
Authors: Vial Virginie 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe stakeholders' approach to engaging in sustainable development and corporate social responsibility has widespread appeal. Although sustainability reports and report guidelines make ample reference to stakeholders, little is said about how to actually and practically use the stakeholders' approach. The Responsible Management Network, a group of 12 international companies of varying sizes, devoted a two‐day meeting to reviewing and discussing stakeholder mapping. After analyzing existing tools and experiences, they were presented with a practical method for including and managing stakeholders when dealing with organizational issues and challenges. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comparison of Tris‐glycine and Tris‐tricine buffers for the electrophoretic separation of major serum proteins
Authors: Haider Syed R. , Sharp Barry L. , Reid Helen J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis paper compares different buffer systems for the electrophoretic separation of the five most abundant serum proteins on native‐PAGE gel and cellulose membranes. A modified Tris‐tricine system was shown to be superior for the separation of these serum proteins in a 7% m/v native‐PAGE gel as compared with the traditionally used Tris‐glycine and Tris‐tricine methods. This modified Tris‐tricine buffer system was also employed for the separation of serum proteins using a cellulose acetate membrane and very effective separation was observed as compared with the traditionally used Tris‐barbital and Tris‐glycine buffer systems.
Detection probability in aerial surveys of feral horses
Authors: Ransom Jason I. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObservation bias pervades data collected during aerial surveys of large animals, and although some sources can be mitigated with informed planning, others must be addressed using valid sampling techniques that carefully model detection probability. Nonetheless, aerial surveys are frequently employed to count large mammals without applying such methods to account for heterogeneity in visibility of animal groups on the landscape. This often leaves managers and interest groups at odds over decisions that are not adequately informed. I analyzed detection of feral horse (Equus caballus) groups by dual independent observers from 24 fixed‐wing and 16 helicopter flights using mixed‐effect logistic regression models to investigate potential sources of observation bias. I accounted for observer skill, population location, and aircraft type in the model structure and analyzed the effects of group size, sun effect (position related to observer), vegetation type, topography, cloud cover, percent snow cover, and observer fatigue on detection of horse groups. The most important model‐averaged effects for both fixed‐wing and helicopter surveys included group size (fixed‐wing: odds ratio = 0.891, 95% CI = 0.850–0.935; helicopter: odds ratio = 0.640, 95% CI = 0.587–0.698) and sun effect (fixed‐wing: odds ratio = 0.632, 95% CI = 0.350–1.141; helicopter: odds ratio = 0.194, 95% CI = 0.080–0.470). Observer fatigue was also an important effect in the best model for helicopter surveys, with detection probability declining after 3 hr of survey time (odds ratio = 0.278, 95% CI = 0.144–0.537). Biases arising from sun effect and observer fatigue can be mitigated by pre‐flight survey design. Other sources of bias, such as those arising from group size, topography, and vegetation can only be addressed by employing valid sampling techniques such as double sampling, mark–resight (batch‐marked animals), mark–recapture (uniquely marked and identifiable animals), sightability bias correction models, and line transect distance sampling; however, some of these techniques may still only partially correct for negative observation biases. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Marking ruby‐throated hummingbirds with radio frequency identification tags
Authors: Brewer Larry W. , Redmond Christine A. , Stafford Jennifer M. , Hatch Gary E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe assessed the feasibility of marking ruby‐throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris) with radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. We trapped 27 hummingbirds at feeding stations on a 2.0‐ha study site. We subcutaneously implanted each hummingbird with a 0.067‐g RFID tag and released it at the capture site. We deployed RFID transceiver systems at 5 feeding stations and electronically monitored tagged hummingbird activity continuously on the study site through 3 summers. Post‐release relocation rate exceeded expectations based on previous leg band recovery data, and bird activity data acquisition was consistent and reliable and required minimum labor. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Isotopic effect on tautomeric behavior of 5‐(2,6‐disubstituted‐aryloxy)‐tetrazoles
Authors: Noroozi Pesyan Nader 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIsotopic effect on tautomeric behaviors of the synthesized 5‐phenoxy‐ (1a), 5‐(2,6‐dimethylphenoxy)‐ (1b), 5‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenoxy)‐ (1c), 5‐(2,6‐dimethoxyphenoxy)‐ (1d) and 5‐(4‐methylphenoxy)‐tetrazole (1e) were investigated in DMSO‐d6 by adding one drop of D2O. Among 1a–e, 1a, 1d and 1e show small rotational barrier around C5O1 and O1C6 while in 1b and 1c there are distinguishable rotational barrier about that bonds. The 1H NMR spectra of 1b and 1c show slightly different chemical shifts for two methyl and isopropyl groups on those phenyl ring, respectively, while the chemical shifts difference (Δδ) between two methyl and two isopropyl groups were enhanced by adding D2O. The 13C NMR spectra of 1b show two overlapped singlets for methyl groups after adding D2O. Representatively, the calculations of compound 1c were performed with GAUSSIAN‐03and the rotational barrier about C5O1 and between isopropyl group and phenyl ring in 1c was calculated with B3LYP/6‐31G(d) basis set. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mouse versus rat: Profound differences in meiotic regulation at the level of the isolated oocyte
Authors: Downs Stephen M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCumulus cell‐enclosed oocytes (CEO), denuded oocytes (DO), or dissected follicles were obtained 44–48 hr after priming immature mice (20–23 days old) with 5 IU or immature rats (25–27 days old) with 12.5 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin, and exposed to a variety of culture conditions. Mouse oocytes were more effectively maintained in meiotic arrest by hypoxanthine, dbcAMP, IBMX, milrinone, and 8‐Br‐cGMP. Atrial natriuretic peptide, a guanylate cyclase activator, suppressed maturation in CEO from both species, but mycophenolic acid reversed IBMX‐maintained meiotic arrest in mouse CEO with little activity in rat CEO. IBMX‐arrested mouse, but not rat, CEO were induced to undergo germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB) by follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and amphiregulin, while human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was ineffective in both species. Nevertheless, FSH and amphiregulin stimulated cumulus expansion in both species. FSH and hCG were both effective inducers of GVB in cultured mouse and rat follicles while amphiregulin was stimulatory only in mouse follicles. Changing the culture medium or altering macromolecular supplementation had no effect on FSH‐induced maturation in rat CEO. The AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, AICAR, was a potent stimulator of maturation in mouse CEO and DO, but only marginally stimulatory in rat CEO and ineffective in rat DO. The AMPK inhibitor, compound C, blocked meiotic induction more effectively in hCG‐treated mouse follicles and heat‐treated mouse CEO. Both agents produced contrasting results on polar body formation in cultured CEO in the two species. Active AMPK was detected in germinal vesicles of immature mouse, but not rat, oocytes prior to hCG‐induced maturation in vivo; it colocalized with chromatin after GVB in rat and mouse oocytes, but did not appear at the spindle poles in rat oocytes as it did in mouse oocytes. Finally, cultured mouse and rat CEO displayed disparate maturation responses to energy substrate manipulation. These data highlight significant differences in meiotic regulation between the two species, and demonstrate a greater potential in mice for control at the level of the cumulus CEO. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:778–794, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution of the acquisition of fertilization competence and polyspermy blocks during meiotic maturation
Authors: Chiba Kazuyoshi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn many animals, fully grown oocytes are arrested at prophase of meiosis I. Before or after ovulation/spawning, a secondary arrest occurs at metaphase of meiosis I or II (MI or II, respectively). MI arrest in the ovary is released after spawning, and is followed by fertilization, whereas MI and MII arrest after ovulation are released by fertilization. Insemination of isolated oocytes from the ovaries at an inappropriate time increases the rate of polyspermy, indicating that ovaries provide the proper environment for acquisition of the polyspermy blocks and the development of competence to be fertilized normally. Due to MI arrest in the ovaries or MI/MII arrest after ovulation/spawning, the fertilizable period can be elongated. Thus, MI and MII arrest may play a role in maintaining the cell‐cycle phases to enable normal fertilization. Here, the evolution of fertilization timing is discussed. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:808–813, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of three preconditioning schemes for solution of the two‐dimensional Euler equations at low Mach number flows
Authors: Hejranfar Kazem , Kamali‐Moghadam Ramin 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThree preconditioners proposed by Eriksson, Choi and Merkel, and Turkel are implemented in a 2D upwind Euler flow solver on unstructured meshes. The mathematical formulations of these preconditioning schemes for different sets of primitive variables are drawn, and their eigenvalues and eigenvectors are compared with each other. For this purpose, these preconditioning schemes are expressed in a unified formulation. A cell‐centered finite volume Roe's method is used for the discretization of the preconditioned Euler equations. The accuracy and performance of these preconditioning schemes are examined by computing steady low Mach number flows over a NACA0012 airfoil and a two‐element NACA4412–4415 airfoil for different conditions. The study shows that these preconditioning schemes greatly enhance the accuracy and convergence rate of the solution of low Mach number flows. The study indicates that the preconditioning methods implemented provide nearly the same results in accuracy; however, they give different performances in convergence rate. It is demonstrated that although the convergence rate of steady solutions is almost independent of the choice of primitive variables and the structure of eigenvectors and their orthogonality, the condition number of the system of equations plays an important role, and it determines the convergence characteristics of solutions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic, proteomic and metabolic analysis of the regulation of energy storage in rice seedlings in response to drought
Authors: Shu Liebo , Lou Qiaojun , Ma Chenfei , Ding Wei , Zhou Jia , Wu Jinhong , Feng Fangjun , Lu Xin , Luo Lijun , Xu Guowang , Mei Hanwei 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe used proteomic analysis to determine the response of rice plant seedlings to drought‐induced stress. The expression of 71 protein spots was significantly altered, and 60 spots were successfully identified. The greatest down‐regulated protein functional category was translation. Up‐regulated proteins were mainly related to protein folding and assembly. Additionally, many proteins involved in metabolism (e.g. carbohydrate metabolism) also showed differences in expression. cDNA microarray and GC‐MS analysis showed 4756 differentially expressed mRNAs and 37 differentially expressed metabolites. Once these data were integrated with the proteomic analysis, we were able to elucidate the metabolic pathways affected by drought‐induced stress. These results suggest that increased energy consumption from storage substances occurred during drought. In addition, increased expression of the enzymes involved in anabolic pathways corresponded with an increase in the content of six amino acids. We speculated that energy conversion from carbohydrates and/or fatty acids to amino acids was increased. Analysis of basic metabolism networks allowed us to understand how rice plants adjust to drought conditions.
2‐Acetyl‐4,6,8,10,12‐Pentanitro‐Hexaazaisowurtzitane (PNAIW) Preparation and Properties
Authors: Maksimowski Paweł , Duda Maciej , Tomaszewski Waldemar 
Published: August 2011

Abstract2‐Acetyl‐4,6,8,10,12‐pentanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (PNAIW) is formed in the last step of nitration of acetyl isowurtzitane derivatives. The amount of the PNAIW formed depends on the conditions of the nitration reaction (temperature, time, and nitrating mixture used) and on the type of the starting acetyl intermediate. The highest PNAIW yields (30 %) were obtained by nitrating 2,6,8,12‐tetraacetylhexaazaisowurtzitane (TAIW) at 60 °C for half an hour using HNO3/H2SO4 nitrating mixture. HPLC, NMR, FTIR, and DSC measurements were used in the study and their results are reported.