bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Icelandic Nurses' Beliefs, Skills, and Resources Associated with Evidence‐Based Practice and Related Factors: A National Survey
Authors: Thorsteinsson Hrund S. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundEvidence‐based practice (EBP) is essential to the improvement of patient outcomes and the quality of care. Nurses’ use of evidence in practice, however, remains limited. Assessing nurses’ readiness for EBP where it is not as prominent as in countries leading EBP research was of particular interest.PurposeTo determine Icelandic registered nurses’ (RNs’) ability to provide care based on evidence as measured by their beliefs, perception of skills, and access to resources associated with EBP.MethodsA descriptive survey was used in which a random sample of 540 Icelandic RNs completed the translated and modified version of the Information Literacy for Evidence‐Based Nursing Practice and the translated EBP Beliefs Scale. Descriptive statistics, correlations, chi‐square tests, t tests and one‐way ANOVAs were used to analyze the data.ResultsParticipants strongly believed in the value of EBP for patient care, but were less confident regarding their own knowledge and skills needed for EBP. Most (82%) of the respondents (i.e., RNs) turned to peers when in need of information, rather than peer‐reviewed resources. Although over half of the RNs (54%) had received instructions in the use of electronic databases, only a third indicated success in using them. They considered “lack of search skills” as the primary barrier to use of research in practice. Using research findings in practice was associated with positive EBP beliefs, familiarity with EBP and other EBP‐related activities. Clinical RNs were found to be at a disadvantage when it came to access to EBP‐related resources and participated less frequently in EBP‐related activities other than using research in practice.Conclusion and ImplicationsIcelandic RNs’ beliefs regarding EBP are similar to those of RNs in other countries. Their access to EBP resources is generally good, but they lack the skills and knowledge needed for EBP. Strategies aimed at changing the organizational and practice context need to be developed.
Enzymatic synthesis of valerena‐4,7(11)‐diene by a unique sesquiterpene synthase from the valerian plant (Valeriana officinalis)
Authors: Pyle Bryan W. , Tran Hue T. , Pickel Benjamin , Haslam Tegan M. , Gao Zhizeng , MacNevin Gillian , Vederas John C. , Kim Soo‐Un , Ro Dae‐Kyun 
Published: July 2012

Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is a popular medicinal plant in North America and Europe. Its root extract is commonly used as a mild sedative and anxiolytic. Among dozens of chemical constituents (e.g. alkaloids, iridoids, flavonoids, and terpenoids) found in valerian root, valerena‐4,7(11)‐diene and valerenic acid (C15 sesquiterpenoid) have been suggested as the active ingredients responsible for the sedative effect. However, the biosynthesis of the valerena‐4,7(11)‐diene hydrocarbon skeleton in valerian remains unknown to date. To identify the responsible terpene synthase, next‐generation sequencing (Roche 454 pyrosequencing) was used to generate ∼ 1 million transcript reads from valerian root. From the assembled transcripts, two sesquiterpene synthases were identified (VoTPS1 and VoTPS2), both of which showed predominant expression patterns in root. Transgenic yeast expressing VoTPS1 and VoTPS2 produced germacrene C/germacrene D and valerena‐4,7(11)‐diene, respectively, as major terpene products. Purified VoTPS1 and VoTPS2 recombinant enzymes confirmed these activities in vitro, with competent kinetic properties (Km of ∼ 10 μm and kcat of 0.01 s−1 for both enzymes). The structure of the valerena‐4,7(11)‐diene produced from the yeast expressing VoTPS2 was further substantiated by 13C‐NMR and GC‐MS in comparison with the synthetic standard. This study demonstrates an integrative approach involving next‐generation sequencing and metabolically engineered microbes to expand our knowledge of terpenoid diversity in medicinal plants.Database
The sequences of cDNAs described in this work are available in the GenBank database under the following accession numbers: VoTPS1, JQ437839; VoTPS2, JQ437840
Physiological and Molecular Changes of Detached Wheat Leaves in Responding to Various TreatmentsF
Authors: Zhao Lifeng , Zhang Haoshan , Zhang Bingjing , Bai Xiaojuan , Zhou Chunjiang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLeaf senescence is induced or accelerated when leaves are detached. However, the senescence process and expression pattern of senescence‐associated genes (SAGs) when leaves are detached are not clearly understood. To detect senescence‐associated physiological changes and SAG expression, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves were detached and treated with light, darkness, low temperature (4 °C), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA). The leaf phenotypes, chlorophyll content, delayed fluorescence (DF), and expression levels of two SAGs, namely, TaSAG3 and TaSAG5, were analyzed. Under these different treatments, the detached leaves turned yellow with different patterns and varying chlorophyll content. DF significantly decreased after the dark, ABA, JA and SA treatments. TaSAG3 and TaSAG5, which are expressed in natural senescent leaves, showed different expression patterns under various treatments. However, both TaSAG3 and TaSAG5 were upregulated after leaf detachment. Our results revealed senescence‐associated physiological changes and molecular differences in leaves, which induced leaf senescence during different stress treatments.
Resveratrol Enhances Solar UV‐induced Responses in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes
Authors: Pastore Saveria , Lulli Daniela , Pascarella Antonia , Maurelli Riccardo , Dellambra Elena , Potapovich Alla , Kostyuk Vladimir , De Luca Chiara , Korkina Liudmila 
Published: July 2012

AbstractResveratrol (RV) differentially affects UV‐induced death/pro‐survival pathways in normal and tumor cells. On these grounds, RV‐containing topical products have been developed to prevent UV‐associated tumorigenesis/damage to human skin. In this study, we evaluated mechanisms of combined effects of RV and low‐dose solar simulated UVA+UVB or 6‐formylindo[3,2‐b]carbazole (FICZ), a product of tryptophan photo‐oxidation known to mediate UV effects, on the inflammatory, metabolic and proliferative responses of cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK). Applied alone, RV, UV and FICZ induced time‐ and dose‐dependent activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway followed by over‐expression of Cyp1A1 (metabolic response), UV and RV induced IL‐8 expression (inflammatory response), while RV enhanced also HEK proliferation revealed by MTT assay and 3H‐thymidine incorporation. In the combined treatment, RV synergized with both UV and FICZ, leading to further activation of AhR machine, Cyp1A1 transcription and IL‐8 expression, the latter partly AhR‐dependent as assessed by AhR silencing. RV enhanced UV‐induced NFkappaB activation and nuclear translocation of epidermal growth factor receptor. By contrast, proliferative effect of RV was abolished in the presence of UV, whereas synergic anti‐proliferative action of RV+UV was observed in the Nrf2‐silenced HEK. Our data suggest cooperative effects of RV‐specific and UV‐/FICZ‐activated transcription factors leading to deregulated inflammatory, metabolic and proliferative responses of HEK.
Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent to detect thalassemia and thalassemic hemoglobin variants
Authors: Sudmann Å. A. , Piehler A. , Urdal P. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryIntroductionThalassemia and iron deficiency may both result in hypochromic microcytic anemia. Hematological algorithms that differentiate the two are mainly established in adult selected diagnostic groups. We aimed at creating an algorithm applicable in the presence of children, hemoglobin variants, and iron deficiency.MethodsOur study material constituted blood samples referred during 1 year for routine diagnostics of hemoglobinopathy. We included 443 samples, of which 37% were from children 3 months or older. We found β‐thalassemia trait (n = 100), α‐thalassemia (n = 75), combined α‐/β‐thalassemia (n = 14), hemoglobin variants (n = 42), and no‐hemoglobinopathy (n = 207), of whom 107 had a ferritin at or below 20 μg/L. We included reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent, ferritin, and erythrocyte count in our algorithm.ResultsOur algorithm differentiated β‐thalassemia trait from no‐hemoglobinopathy with a sensitivity of 99% at 83% specificity. It performed better than other published algorithms when applied to all patient samples, while equally or moderately better in the 63% adult samples. Our algorithm also detected the clinically significant α‐thalassemias, and most of the combined α‐/β‐thalassemias and thalassemic hemoglobin variants.ConclusionOur algorithm efficiently differentiated thalassemia and thalassemic hemoglobin variants from iron deficiency in children and adults.
New updating into hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Fucharoen S. , Winichagoon P. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThalassemia and abnormal hemoglobin are the most common genetic disorders and are considered health problems in many developing countries. In the last few years, there has been much progress in laboratory diagnosis, treatment and control of thalassemia. The variation in the clinical severity in both α‐ and β‐thalassemia reflects a genotype‐phenotype interaction. This is important for future therapeutic intervention and should be well characterized in each population. The quality of life of the patients is much improved with regular blood transfusion and novel iron chelators. The cure for thalassemia is possible by stem cell transplantation and future gene therapy. It is expected that under multinational collaboration the prevention of thalassemia will happen worldwide.
Early tailored assertive community case management for hard‐to‐engage adolescents suffering from psychiatric disorders: an exploratory pilot study
Authors: Baier Vanessa , Favrod Jérôme , Ferrari Pascale , Koch Nathalie , Holzer Laurent 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimThe study aims to evaluate the effects of assertive community treatment (ACT) on the mental health and overall functioning of adolescents suffering from severe psychiatric disorders and who refuse any traditional child psychiatric care. There are a few studies evaluating the effects of ACT on a population of adolescents with psychiatric disorders. This short report highlights the impact of an ACT programme tailored to the needs of these patients, not only as an alternative to hospitalization, but also as a new form of intervention for patients that are difficult to engage.MethodsThe effect of ACT on 35 adolescents using the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) as a measuring tool in pre‐ and post‐intervention was evaluated.ResultsThe results show that the intervention was associated with a significant improvement on the HoNOSCA overall score, with the following items showing significant amelioration: hyperactivity/focus problems, non‐organic somatic symptoms, emotional symptoms, scholastic/language skills, peer relationships, family relationships and school attendance.ConclusionACT appears as a feasible intervention for hard‐to‐engage adolescents suffering from psychiatric disorders. The intervention seems to improve their mental health and functioning. This pilot study may serve as a basis to prepare a controlled study that will also take the costs of the intervention into account.
The influence of the volume of dental treatment on change in self‐reported oral health
Authors: Crocombe Leonard Alfred , Brennan David Simon , Slade Gary Douglas 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectives: To find an association between self‐reported change in oral health and dental treatment volume.Methods: Baseline data were obtained from the Tasmanian component of the National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004‐06 and 12‐month follow‐up data from service use logbooks and mail self‐complete questionnaires. The global oral health transition statement indicated change in oral health. Many putative confounders were analyzed and Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to calculate the prevalence ratios and 95 percent confidence intervals for bivariate‐ and multivariate‐adjusted relationships.Results: One‐eighth (12.4 percent) of the participants reported that their oral health had improved. Over half visited a dentist (n = 176, 52.6 percent), of whom 105 received less than six dental services and 71 received six or more dental services. Baseline oral disease (P = 0.01), having a treatment need (P < 0.01), usually visiting a dentist for a problem (P < 0.05), and having a lot of difficulty paying a $100 dental bill (P = 0.01) were significantly associated with the same or worsening oral health. The regression model indicated that having six or more dental services (P < 0.01) was significantly associated with improvement in oral health, indicating a threshold effect. Usually visiting a dentist for a check‐up was significantly associated with improvement in oral health (P < 0.01).Conclusion: Having six or more dental services was significantly associated with a greater self‐reported improvement in oral health than having less than six dental services. The greater prevalence ratios with increasing dental service volume suggested a threshold effect.
Current opportunities and challenges: genome‐wide association studies on pigmentation and skin cancer
Authors: Meng Shasha , Zhang Mingfeng , Liang Liming , Han Jiali 
Published: July 2012

SummaryGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have become a widely used approach for genetic association studies of various human traits. A few GWAS have been conducted with the goal of identifying novel loci for pigmentation traits, melanoma, and non‐melanoma skin cancer. Nevertheless, the phenotype variation explained by the genetic markers identified so far is limited. In this review, we discuss the GWAS study design and its application in pigmentation and skin cancer research. Furthermore, we summarize recent developments in post‐GWAS activities such as meta‐analysis, pathway analysis, and risk prediction.
New Recognized Intellect for Prospecting Large‐superlarge Mineral Deposits
Authors: Rongfu PEI , Yanxiong MEI , Hongying QU , Haolin WANG 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:Based on the data base of 1285 mineral deposits of 22 commodities in 121 countries of 6 continents of the world, the authors use the linear trend analysis for their reserves to determine the cut‐off limited order of reserves to select 36 exceptional superlarge (as peak mineral), 95 superlarge and 314 large deposits as new recognized intellect for their quantitative change. We have projected above 445 large‐superlarge deposits on (1:5 M) global tectonic background map and divided 4 metallogenic domains, 21 metallogenic belts. Global metallogeny of large‐superlarge deposits are: unity by endogenic, exogenic metamorphic and epigenetic in origin; speciality in different metallogenic domains and belts; preferentiality to ore‐forming elements of Cu, Au, Fe, Ag, Cr, Mn, Zn, Pb, Sb, Hg, to continental margins or plate convergent belts, to Intra‐continental tectono‐magmatic complex belts and Large ductile shear zones; abnormality by the global oxyatmversion (excess oxygen atmospheric event) in Archean, redoxyatmversion (lack oxygen atmospheric event) in Proterozoic‐Paleozoic, and tectonosphere thermal erosion (great amount of tectonic magmatic event) in Mesozoic‐Cenozoic.
Chronology of the Tungsten Deposits in Southern Jiangxi Province, and Episodes and Zonation of the Regional W‐Sn Mineralization – Evidence from High‐precision Zircon U‐Pb, Molybdenite Re‐Os and Muscovite Ar‐Ar Ages
Authors: Chengyou FENG , Dequan ZHANG , Zailin ZENG , Song WANG 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:Previous studies have obtained some petrogenetic and metallogenic chronological data with SHRIMP (sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe) zircon U‐Pb, zircon LA‐ICPMS (laser‐ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy) U‐Pb, molybdenite Re‐Os isochron and muscovite Ar‐Ar methods in southern Jiangxi Province and its adjacent areas. Based on these, the purpose of this paper is to study the petrogenetic and metallogenic ages and their time gap for different genetic types of W‐Sn deposits, and thus to research their numerous episodes, zonal arrangement and their geodynamic background. The result shows that the large‐scale W‐Sn mineralization in southern Jiangxi Province occurred in the middle to late Jurassic (170–150 Ma), the skarn W‐Sn‐polymetallic deposits formed much earlier (170–161 Ma), and all of the wolframite – quartz vein type, greisen type, altered granite type and fractured zone type tungsten deposits formed in the late Jurassic (160–150 Ma). In one ore field or ore district, greisen type tungsten deposits formed earlier than quartz vein type ones hosted in the endo‐ or exo‐contact zone; and quartz vein type hosted in the endocontact zone formed earlier than that of exocontact zone. There is no significant time difference between tungsten‐tin mineralization and its intimately associated parent granite emplacement (1–6 Ma). They all formed in the same rock‐forming and ore‐forming system and under the same geodynamic setting. Regionally, rock‐forming and ore‐forming processes of the W‐Sn deposits in the Nanling region (include southern Jiangxi Province, southern Hunan Province, northern Guangdong Province and eastern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) exhibit numerous episodes. The mineralization in the Nanling region mainly occurred at (240–210) Ma, (170–150) Ma and (130–90) Ma. The tungsten‐tin deposits in this region are centered by the largest scale in southern Jiangxi Province and southern Hunan Province, and become small in the east, west, south and north directions. This displays a zonal arrangement and temporal and spatial distribution regularity. Integrated with the latest research results, it is concluded that the W‐Sn mineralization in southern Jiangxi Province and its adjacent areas corresponds to the second large‐scale mineralization in South China. The Indosinian W‐Sn mineralization formed under the extensional tectonic regime between collisional compressional stages, while the Yanshanian large‐scale petrogenetic and metallogenic processes occurred in the Jurassic intraplate extensional geodynamic setting of lithosphere extension.
New Evidence for Hydrothermal Sedimentary Genesis of the Ni‐Mo Deposits in Black Rock Series of the Basal Cambrian, Guizhou Province: Discovery of Coarse‐Grained Limestones and its Geochemical Characteristics
Authors: Huairui WEI , Ruidong YANG , Junbo GAO , Jiyan CHEN , Kun LIU , Wei CHENG 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:The molybdenum‐nickel deposits in Shuidong District of Nayong County (Guizhou Province, Southwest China) are found mainly in black shale series of Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, which is another Mo‐Ni‐rich region besides Zunyi District (Guizhou province). Our systematic study on the Mo‐Ni deposits in Tangjiaba of Nayong reveals that layered coarse‐grained limestones, spherical beaded limestones concretions are hosted at the lower seam of the Mo‐Ni deposits. Its strong negative carbon isotope anomaly (the carbon isotope value of the coarse‐grained limestones varies from –2.148‰ to 8.223‰) is similar to that in the modern submarine black smoker chimney. The carbon in the coarse‐grained limestones from black rock series of Nayong County might be deep source inorganic carbon. The seams, coarse‐grained limestones, ore‐bearing coarse‐grained limestones and the roof and floor of the deposits are characterized by co‐variation on the trace element spider diagram, showing good homology. The extraordinary enrichment of Ag, As and Sb resembles hydrothermal sedimentation. Pro‐Earth's core elements Se is strongly enriched in Ni‐Mo ore‐bearing coarse‐grained limestones. The ore‐bearing rock series has an extremely low Th/U value (0.012–0.19); in the logU‐logTh Cartesian Coordinates, the samples of the roof and floor of the deposits and ore‐bearing coarse‐grained limestones are found in the East Pacific tise; and the samples of coarse‐grained limestones are found between the paleo‐hydrothermal dedimentary area and the East Pacific tise. The chondrite‐normalized rare earth element patterns of the Ni‐Mo deposits show LREE enrichment, Ce negative anomaly, and Eu negative anomaly (which is supposed to be influenced by the deep magmatic processes in an extensional environment) resembles the rare earth element distribution patterns of the fluid and its sediments in modern submarine hydrothermal system. It proves that coarse‐grained limestones is characterized by typical hydrothermal limestones, being closely related with the genesis of Mo‐Ni deposits in Nayong County, which provides new evidence for hydrothermal sedimentary genesis of Mo‐Ni deposit and negative carbon anomaly in the basal Cambrian on a global scale.
Geochronology and Geochemistry of Metallogenetic Porphyry Bodies from the Nongping Au‐Cu Deposit in the Eastern Yanbian Area, NE China: Implications for Metallogenic Environment
Authors: Yunsheng REN , Nan JU , Hualei ZHAO , Hui WANG , Kejun HOU , Shen LIU 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:The metallogenetic porphyry bodies in the Nongping Au‐Cu deposit, in the eastern Yanbian area, mainly include porphyritic granodiorite and biotite granodiorite porphyry. They are featured with high silicon and enrichment in sodium, and classified into sodic rocks of low‐K tholeiitic basalt series. Except slightly low Sr content, the rock basically has the geochemical characteristics of the adakite: relatively high A12O3 content, relatively low MgO content, depletion in Y and Yb; relative enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare‐earth elements (LREEs), relatively low content of high field strength elements (HFSEs); positive Eu anomaly or weak negative Eu anomaly. In situ zircon dating technology LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS was used to conduct single‐grain zircon dating of biotite granodiorite porphyry, and the results show that the age of metallogenetic porphyry body is 100.04±0.88 Ma, indicating that the porphyry bodies were emplaced in the late Cretaceous period. According to the regional tectonic setting and the comparison with the same kind of deposits, we think that the metallogenetic porphyry bodies in the Nongping Au‐Cu deposit have a close genetic connection with the subduction of the Pacific plate in the late Yanshanian period. The adakitic magma generated from partial melting of the subducting plate has high formation temperature, high oxygen fugacity, and volatile constituents' enrichment, so it is helpful for enrichment of metallogenetic elements and plays an important role in the formation of porphyry Au‐Cu deposits in this region.
3D Positional and Quantitative Prediction of the Xiaoqinling Gold Ore Belt in Tongguan, Shaanxi, China
Authors: Jianping CHEN , Rui SHI , Zhenping CHEN , Limei WANG , Yan SUN 
Published: July 2012

Abstract:Quantitative prediction of deep orebody based on 3D visualization technology is of great significance in mineral exploration. Based on the 2D traditional quantitative predicting method, the geoanomaly theory and the mineral exploration model idea, we constructed 3D models of the topography, strata, structure, magmatite and prospecting engineering of the study area using the commercial 3D modeling software Micromine, delineated eight prospective areas and estimated the gold resources amount with methods of Abundance Estimation and Volume Estimation. Then, we compared and counted the known ore blocks and the predicted blocks, which quantitatively explains this prediction's validity. The results show that Xiaoqinling gold belt in Tongguan has convincing potential for gold development and utilization and the prediction method based on 3D visualization technology proves to be effective.