bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic lupus erythematosus: A genetic review for advanced practice nurses
Authors: Robinson Marcia , Sheets Cook Sarah , Currie Leanne M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPurpose: To review the symptom presentation, genetic aspects, and available treatment options for individuals diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Primary care providers should be vigilant in identifying symptoms, which may be related to SLE, perform adequate assessment, and diagnostic testing in order to arrive at an early diagnosis.Data sources: Extensive literature review of textbook, clinical, medical, and nursing journals.Conclusions: Lupus is a multigenic autoimmune disease, which requires the clinician to be hypervigilant by collecting a thorough family history and performing a complete physical assessment of the patient. There is an array of treatment modalities, both experimental and proven therapies, which improve signs and symptoms associated with SLE. Numerous medications are available for symptom management: anti‐inflammatory agents for patients with musculoskeletal presentation, and steroids or antimalarials for those with more extensive organ involvement.Implications for practice: In SLE, the overall aim of management is to determine the extent of disease and prevent extensive organ involvement. Therefore, when diagnosed in a timely manner, most patients will survive and are able to manage their disease.
Characterization and Preparation of Aspergillus niger Naringinase for Debittering Citrus Juice
Authors: Ni Hui , Chen Feng , Cai Huinong , Xiao Anfeng , You Qi , Lu Yunzhen 
Published: November 2011

Abstract:  Naringinase from Aspergillus niger was prepared and characterized to evaluate its effectiveness in debittering citrus juice. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by sulfate fractionation and chromatographies on Q‐Sepharose, Sephacryl S‐200, and S‐100 HR columns, and estimated by gel filtration chromatography (GFC) to have a molecular weight (MW) of 131 kDa, of which its subunit was measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be around 65.5 kDa. The enzyme showed active and stable pH ranges both within 4.5 to 5.0. Its optimal temperature was in the range of 45 to 55 °C. Freeze drying provided an estimated enzymatic recovery of 95.9%, greater than spray drying with the recovery at 55.6%. The freeze‐drying powder could retain its enzymatic activity stably at 4 °C for 6 mo. Also, the enzyme in 0.220 U/mL citrus juice could sufficiently remove the naringin for the bitterness. Oral acute toxicity study revealed the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the naringinase powder was >10 g/kg in mice. The contents of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), the aerobic plate count, and coliform number in the enzyme powder all met the criteria for food use. These characteristics suggest that the naringinase from A. niger is efficient and suitable for debittering the citrus juice, and the process consisting of fermentation, salt precipitation, ion exchange, ultrafiltration, and freeze drying is a promising means to prepare the naringinase for food industry, setting up a strong base to enzymatically debitter citrus juice.Practical Application:  This study focused on characterization, preparation, and validation of naringinase from A. niger, which provided useful information on how to prepare, store, and use the naringinase. In addition, this naringinase met the safety standards for food use and showed strong ability to remove the bitter taste from citrus juice, which provided useful information for interested readers, and the food industry.
Evaluating and Giving Feedback to Mentors: New Evidence‐Based Approaches
Authors: Anderson Lauren , Silet Karin , Fleming Michael 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA comprehensive mentoring program includes a variety of components. One of the most important is the ongoing assessment of and feedback to mentors. Scholars need strong active mentors who have the expertise, disposition, motivation, skills, and the ability to accept feedback and to adjust their mentoring style. Assessing the effectiveness of a given mentor is no easy task. Variability in learning needs and academic goals among scholars makes it difficult to develop a single evaluation instrument or a standardized procedure for evaluating mentors. Scholars, mentors, and program leaders are often reluctant to conduct formal evaluations, as there are no commonly accepted measures. The process of giving feedback is often difficult and there is limited empirical data on efficacy. This article presents a new and innovative six‐component approach to mentor evaluation that includes the assessment of mentee training and empowerment, peer learning and mentor training, scholar advocacy, mentee–mentor expectations, mentor self‐reflection, and mentee evaluation of their mentor. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 71–77
A genetic system for Geobacter metallireducens: role of the flagellin and pilin in the reduction of Fe(III) oxide
Authors: Tremblay Pier‐Luc , Aklujkar Muktak , Leang Ching , Nevin Kelly P. , Lovley Derek 
Published: November 2011

SummaryGeobacter metallireducens is an important model organism for many novel aspects of extracellular electron exchange and the anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds, but studies of its physiology have been limited by a lack of techniques for gene deletion and replacement. Therefore, a genetic system was developed for G. metallireducens by making a number of modifications in the previously described approach for homologous recombination in Geobacter sulfurreducens. Critical modifications included, among others, a 3.5‐fold increased in the quantity of electrotransformed linear DNA and the harvesting of cells at early‐log. The Cre‐lox recombination system was used to remove an antibiotic resistance cassette from the G. metallireducens chromosome permitting the generation of multiple mutations in the same strain. Deletion of the gene fliC, which encodes the flagellin protein, resulted in a strain that did not produce flagella, was non‐motile, and was defective for the reduction of insoluble Fe(III). Deletion of pilA, which encodes the structural protein of the type IV pili, inhibited the production of lateral pili as well as Fe(III) oxide reduction and electron transfer to an electrode. These results demonstrate the importance of flagella and pili in the reduction of insoluble Fe(III) by G. metallireducens and provide methods for additional genetic‐based approaches for the study of G. metallireducens.
The simulation of 3D microcalcification clusters in 2D digital mammography and breast tomosynthesis
Authors: Shaheen Eman , Van Ongeval Chantal , Zanca Federica , Cockmartin Lesley , Marshall Nicholas , Jacobs Jurgen , Young Kenneth C. , R. Dance David , Bosmans Hilde 
Published: November 2011

Purpose:This work proposes a new method of building 3D models of microcalcification clusters and describes the validation of their realistic appearance when simulated into 2D digital mammograms and into breast tomosynthesis images.Methods:A micro‐CT unit was used to scan 23 breast biopsy specimens of microcalcification clusters with malignant and benign characteristics and their 3D reconstructed datasets were segmented to obtain 3D models of microcalcification clusters. These models were then adjusted for the x‐ray spectrum used and for the system resolution and simulated into 2D projection images to obtain mammograms after image processing and into tomographic sequences of projection images, which were then reconstructed to form 3D tomosynthesis datasets. Six radiologists were asked to distinguish between 40 real and 40 simulated clusters of microcalcifications in two separate studies on 2D mammography and tomosynthesis datasets. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to test the ability of each observer to distinguish between simulated and real microcalcification clusters. The kappa statistic was applied to assess how often the individual simulated and real microcalcification clusters had received similar scores (“agreement”) on their realistic appearance in both modalities. This analysis was performed for all readers and for the real and the simulated group of microcalcification clusters separately. “Poor” agreement would reflect radiologists' confusion between simulated and real clusters, i.e., lesions not systematically evaluated in both modalities as either simulated or real, and would therefore be interpreted as a success of the present models.Results:The area under the ROC curve, averaged over the observers, was 0.55 (95% confidence interval [0.44, 0.66]) for the 2D study, and 0.46 (95% confidence interval [0.29, 0.64]) for the tomosynthesis study, indicating no statistically significant difference between real and simulated lesions (p > 0.05). Agreement between allocated lesion scores for 2D mammography and those for the tomosynthesis series was poor.Conclusions:The realistic appearance of the 3D models of microcalcification clusters, whether malignant or benign clusters, was confirmed for 2D digital mammography images and the breast tomosynthesis datasets; this database of clusters is suitable for use in future observer performance studies related to the detectability of microcalcification clusters. Such studies include comparing 2D digital mammography to breast tomosynthesis and comparing different reconstruction algorithms.
Complete Genome Sequence of Seawater Bacterium Glaciecola nitratireducens FR1064
T
Authors: Bian Fei , Qin Qi-Long , Xie Bin-Bin , Shu Yan-Li , Zhang Xi-Ying , Yu Yong , Chen Bo , Chen Xiu-Lan , Zhou Bai-Cheng , Zhang Yu-Zhong 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Glaciecola nitratireducens
strain FR1064
T
was isolated from seawater and described as a new species by Baik et al. in 2006. The genome size is about 1.01 to 1.26 Mb smaller than two reported
Glaciecola
genomes, indicating the gain or loss of large genome segments in the evolution of
Glaciecola
strains.
Criminalizing Irregular Immigration and the Returns Directive: An Analysis of the El Dridi Case
Authors: Raffaelli Rosa 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
After its judgment in the Kadzoev case, the Court of Justice has been called again to interpret the Returns Directive and its scope of application in the El Dridi case: this new ruling put an end to the situation of judicial chaos and to the very intense debate which followed non-transposition of the directive in Italian legislation. The judgment in the El Dridi case clarifies the difference between criminal detention and pre-return detention, as well as the objectives of the Returns Directive and its scope of application. This ruling will have far-reaching consequences not only on the Italian criminal and expulsions system, but also on the national legislation of a number of Member States.
The Influence of the MJO on Upstream Precursors to African Easterly Waves
Authors: Alaka Ghassan J. , Maloney Eric D. 
Published: November 2011

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) produces alternating periods of increased and reduced precipitation and African easterly wave (AEW) activity in West Africa. This study documents the influence of the MJO on the West African monsoon system during boreal summer using reanalysis and brightness temperature fields. MJO-related West African convective anomalies are likely induced by equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves generated in the Indian Ocean and West Pacific by the MJO, which is consistent with previous studies. The initial modulation of tropical African convection occurs upstream of West Africa, near the entrance of the African easterly jet (AEJ). Previous studies have hypothesized that an area to the east of Lake Chad is an initiation region for AEWs. Called the “trigger region” in this study, this area exhibits significant intraseasonal convection and wave activity anomalies prior to the wet and dry MJO phases in the West African monsoon region. In the trigger region, cold tropospheric temperature anomalies and high precipitable water, as well as an eastward extension of the African easterly jet, appear to precede and contribute to the wet MJO phase in West Africa. An anomalous stratiform heating profile is observed in advance of the wet MJO phase with anomalous PV generation maximized at the jet level. The opposite behavior occurs in advance of the dry MJO phase. The moisture budget is examined to provide further insight as to how the MJO modulates and initiates precipitation and AEW variability in this region. In particular, meridional moisture advection anomalies foster moistening in the trigger region in advance of the wet MJO phase across West Africa.
Scientific Prerequisites to Comprehension of the Tropical Cyclone Forecast: Intensity, Track, and Size
Authors: Drake Lori 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The communication by forecasters of tropical cyclone (TC) descriptions and forecasts to user communities necessarily involves the transmission of information based in science to different classes of users composed primarily of nonscientists. Inherent in the problem is the necessity of translating or converting the scientific content of the forecast, including its associated uncertainty, which is mathematical and statistical in its native structure, into restructured content comprehensible to populations not generally schooled in those disciplines. The forecast interpretation problem encompasses not only the forms in which the information is presented or communicated (e.g., text versus graphics), but even more so the complexity and transparency of the scientific content contained between those forms. This article investigates the substantive areas of dissonance and disconnect between the scientific content of TC descriptions and forecasts, including the uncertainty, and the ability of end users to accurately comprehend and interpret the information. It centers on the three storm attributes for which there is a forecast, namely intensity, track, and size, within the context of existing research studies, public surveys, and original official documents that specifically provide insights into this subject matter. The results suggest that the TC descriptions and forecasts, once their scientific substance has been processed for the benefit of nonscientists, still require some preexisting scientific knowledge that may or may not be present among the different groups of nonspecialist users.
Analysis of data transmission technique based on pulsed laser
Authors: Drozd T. , Zygmunt M. , Knysak P. , Wojtanowski J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPulsed lasers are used mainly in lidar systems as sources of short and highly energetic light pulses. In data transmission systems continuous wave lasers are typically applied, however it is also possible to use pulsed lasers in such systems. Such approach seems to be especially reasonable for devices where a pulsed laser is applied anyway and executes another function (rangefinding). The article discusses a data transmission concept based on a pulsed laser technology. Advantages and limits of such a transmission method are described. Influence of individual transmission elements on the effective data transmission speed is analysed.
Ultrasensitive laser spectroscopy for breath analysis
Authors: Wojtas J. , Bielecki Z. , Stacewicz T. , Mikołajczyk J. , Nowakowski M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAt present there are many reasons for seeking new methods and technologies that aim to develop new and more perfect sensors for different chemical compounds. However, the main reasons are safety ensuring and health care. In the paper, recent advances in the human breath analysis by the use of different techniques are presented. We have selected non-invasive ones ensuring detection of pathogenic changes at a molecular level. The presence of certain molecules in the human breath is used as an indicator of a specific disease. Thus, the analysis of the human breath is very useful for health monitoring. We have shown some examples of diseases’ biomarkers and various methods capable of detecting them. Described methods have been divided into non-optical and optical methods. The former ones are the following: gas chromatography, flame ionization detection, mass spectrometry, ion mobility spectrometry, proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. In recent twenty years, the optical methods have become more popular, especially the laser techniques. They have a great potential for detection and monitoring of the components in the gas phase. These methods are characterized by high sensitivity and good selectivity. The spectroscopic sensors provide the opportunity to detect specific gases and to measure their concentration either in a sampling place or a remote one. Multipass spectroscopy, cavity ring-down spectroscopy, and photo-acoustic spectroscopy were characterised in the paper as well.
Regeneration of <i>Shorea robusta.</i> Gaertn in tropical forest of Palpa district, central Nepal
Authors: Basyal Sarita , Lekhak HD , Devkota Anjana 
Published: November 2011

A study on the regeneration of the Shorea robusta Gaertn in tropical forest of Palpa district was carried out during June-November, 2005. The altitude of study area ranged from 200 m -700 m asl in north facing slope. The study area was natural forest where, Shorea robusta and Terminalia alata, were dominant species .The size class distribution of Shorea robusta resembled the reverse J-shaped curve indicates better regeneration of sal in study area. Sapling and seedling density of Shorea robusta significantly correlated (p=0.01) but was no significant relation with soil parameter. Keywords: Regeneration; Shorea robusta; Size Class distribution Tropical Forest DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v9i9.5519 SW 2011; 9(9): 53-56 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v9i9.5518
Effects of Ritonavir-Boosted Darunavir, Atazanavir and Lopinavir on Adipose Functions and Insulin Sensitivity in Murine and Human Adipocytes
Authors: Capel Emilie , Auclair Martine , Caron-Debarle Martine , Capeau Jacqueline 
Published: November 2011

Background Ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (PIs) could adversely affect metabolism and adipose tissue to different extents, depending on the molecule. Using drugs with minimal adverse metabolic effects is an important consideration in at-risk HIV-infected patients. In vitro adipocyte models can be useful for comparing the effects of different PIs. Methods We compared the effects of darunavir, darunavir/ritonavir, atazanavir/ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir in murine and human adipocytes on differentiation, mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and insulin sensitivity. Results In human and murine adipocytes, differentiation evaluated by lipid content and protein expression of adipogenic markers, mitochondrial function evaluated by aggregation of the cationic dye JC-1 and by 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide lysis, and mitochondrial mass evaluated by MitoTracker fluorescence and the expression of mitochondrial proteins were unaffected by darunavir, mildly affected by darunavir/ritonavir and further altered by atazanavir/ritonavir and lopinavir/ ritonavir. ROS production was unaltered by darunavir and darunavir/ritonavir but was increased by lopinavir/ritonavir and atazanavir/ritonavir. Regarding insulin sensitivity, darunavir and darunavir/ritonavir had no significant effect on insulin activation of protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) and MAP kinase and of glucose transport, whereas lopinavir/ ritonavir and atazanavir/ritonavir partly impaired the effect of insulin. The effect of atazanavir/ritonavir was generally milder than that of lopinavir/ritonavir. Conclusions The various PIs differentially modified adipocyte functions. Darunavir alone did not affect adipocyte functions and only modestly altered differentiation and mitochondrial function when associated with ritonavir. Lopinavir/ritonavir adversely affected differentiation and lipid content, mitochondrial function, ROS production and insulin sensitivity, and the effect of atazanavir/ ritonavir was intermediate. Thus, in vitro, darunavir/ritonavir presented a safer metabolic profile on adipocytes than atazanavir/ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir.
The Cardiovascular Health Impact of An Incentive Worksite Health Promotion Program
Authors: Pescatello Linda S. , Murphy Donna , Vollono Jeannine , Lynch Elizabeth , Bernene James , Costanzo Dino 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. We examined the cardiovascular health profiles of benefit-eligible hospital employees who participated in an incentive screen program for 4 years. We also determined if cardiovascular health changes differed between participants (CHAP) who enrolled in structured follow-up risk reduction programs (CHAPplus) compared with those who chose less formal options (CHAPonly). Methods. CHAP consisted of cardiovascular screens, results counseling, and encouragement to participate in education and behavioral support programs. After adjusting for gender, medication use, and baseline levels of adiposity and physical activity, cardiovascular health changes were tested with repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) among CHAP participants and by CHAP type. Results. CHAP 4-year members (n = 278) were generally healthy and mostly women (87%) with an average age of 40.6 ± .5 years at baseline. Despite increases in overall (p = .034) and central adiposity (p = .001), cardiovascular health improvements were found for the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio (TCHOL/HDL; p = .007), low-density lipoprotein (p = .009), and blood glucose (p = .018) among 4-year CHAP members. CHAPonly employees showed greater improvements in most cardiovascular health indicators than CHAPplus participants, although these differences did not achieve statistical significance. Discussion. Cardiovascular health improvements were associated with long-term participation in a hospital worksite incentive screen program. The cardiovascular health benefits tended to be greatest for CHAP employees who chose informal follow-up risk reduction options (CHAPonly) than those who enrolled in structured programs (CHAPplus).
Predicting Physical Activity Promotion in Health Care Settings
Authors: Faulkner Guy , Biddle Stuart 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To test the ability of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in predicting the stage of change for physical activity promotion by mental health professionals. Design. Six-month prospective questionnaire study. Setting. One mental health trust in the East Midlands, United Kingdom. Subjects. Three hundred ninety-four mental health professionals (men, n = 131; women, n = 263) of an initial sample of 477 participated in the study (83% response rate). Measures. Attitudes, subjective norms, intentions, perceived behavioral control, and stage of change were measured at the first wave of data collection. Stage of change was also assessed 6 months later. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results. Intention and stage of change were successfully predicted from TPB variables. Overall, 27% of the variance in self-reported stage of promoting physical activity was explained by the model. Sixty-one percent of the variance in intention to promote physical activity was explained. When included, past behavior was the strongest predictor of both intention and stage of change and attenuated all other path coefficients. Past behavior improved the predicted variance in intention by 11% and stage by 6%. Conclusions. The TPB variables of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention predict stage of change of physical activity promotion in a health care setting. However, promoting physical activity in the past had a sizable effect on predicting subsequent promotion. Due to unequal distribution across stages, the stage model's application to understanding the behavior of health professionals may be limited.