bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus subgroups A and B identified in adults with hematological malignancy attending an Irish hospital between 2004 and 2009
Authors: Salter Aisling , Laoi Bairbre Ni , Crowley Brendan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHuman respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is an important cause of respiratory infection in patients with hematological malignancy, particularly hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. This study investigated the genetic variability of the attachment (G) protein gene among HRSV isolates collected from adult patients with hematological malignancy. Between December 2004 and March 2009, 60 samples collected from 58 adults attending an Irish hospital were positive for HRSV by direct immunofluorescence. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the G gene showed a slightly higher frequency of HRSV subgroup A (52%) than HRSV subgroup B (48%). Genetic variability was higher among subgroup A viruses (up to 13% at nucleotide level) than among subgroup B viruses (up to 4%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed two genotypes of HRSV subgroup A, GA2 and GA5, which cocirculated between 2004/2005 and 2007/2008, although GA2 alone was identified in season 2008/2009. Genotype BA was the only genotype of HRSV subgroup B identified. Genotype‐specific amino acid substitutions were identified, with two and seven changes for GA2 and GA5, respectively. Furthermore, one to four potential N‐glycosylation sites were found among HRSV subgroup A isolates while two to three were identified in HRSV B isolates. Predicted O‐glycosylation sites included 25–34 and 40–43 in HRSV subgroups A and B, respectively. The average synonymous mutation‐to‐non‐synonymous mutation ratios (dS/dN) implied neutral selection pressure on both HRSV subgroup isolates. This study provides data for the first time on the molecular epidemiology of HRSV isolates over five successive epidemic seasons among patients attending an Irish hospital. J. Med. Virol. 83:337–347, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis A viral load in relation to severity of the infection
Authors: Fujiwara Keiichi , Kojima Hiroshige , Yasui Shin , Okitsu Koichiro , Yonemitsu Yutaka , Omata Masao , Yokosuka Osamu 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA correlation between hepatitis A virus (HAV) genomes and the clinical severity of hepatitis A has not been established. The viral load in sera of hepatitis A patients was examined to determine the possible association between hepatitis A severity and HAV replication. One hundred sixty‐four serum samples from 91 Japanese patients with sporadic hepatitis A, comprising 11 patients with fulminant hepatitis, 10 with severe acute hepatitis, and 70 with self‐limited acute hepatitis, were tested for HAV RNA. The sera included 83 serial samples from 20 patients. Viral load was measured by real‐time RT‐PCR. The detection rates of HAV RNA from fulminant, severe acute, and acute hepatitis were 10/11 (91%), 10/10 (100%), and 55/70 (79%), respectively. Mean values of HAV RNA at admission were 3.48 ± 1.30 logcopies/ml in fulminant, 4.19 ± 1.03 in severe acute, and 2.65 ± 1.64 in acute hepatitis. Patients with severe infection such as fulminant hepatitis and severe acute hepatitis had higher initial viral load than patients with less severe infection (P < 0.001). Viremia persisted for 14.2 ± 5.8 days in patients with severe infection and 21.4 ± 10.6 days in those with acute hepatitis after clinical onset (P = 0.19). HAV RNA was detectable quantitatively in the majority of the sera of hepatitis A cases during the early convalescent phase by real‐time PCR. Higher initial viral replication was found in severely infected patients. An excessive host immune response might follow, reducing the viral load rapidly as a result of the destruction of large numbers of HAV‐infected hepatocytes, and in turn severe disease might be induced. J. Med. Virol. 83:201–207, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Another novel subgenotype of hepatitis B virus genotype C from papuans of Highland origin
Authors: Juniastuti  , Utsumi Takako , Nugrahaputra Victor Eka , Amin Mochamad , Soetjipto  , Hayashi Yoshitake , Hotta Hak , Lusida Maria Inge 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and subtypes have been identified worldwide. As HBV genotypes/subtypes, the HBV subgenotypes seem to be associated with their geographical distribution and ethnic origin. A previous study showed the novel HBV subgenotype C6 based on the complete genome sequences of isolates in Papua, Indonesia. In the present study, further characterization of HBV in Jayapura (capital of Papua Province), particularly from native people of Papua originating from the highland (highland Papuans) and those from the lowland (lowland Papuans) were examined. Of 32 HBV isolates from both highland and lowland Papuan blood donors with HBsAg positive, part of the S gene and the core gene sequences were analyzed. Analyses of some isolates from highland Papuans were confirmed by the complete genome sequences. Most HBV isolates were classified into genotype C (78.1%), followed by genotype B (18.8%), and genotype D (3.1%). The subtype adr was predominant (71.9%), followed by adw2 (25.1%), and ayw2 (3.1%). As with previous findings, phylogenetic analyses revealed that most HBV isolates from Papuans, C/adr, belonged to subgenotype C6. Interestingly, some C/adr isolates from highland Papuans formed a distinct cluster from all reported subgenotypes of HBV/C, and they differed from HBV/C1‐C10 by 4.2–7.2% over the complete genome. SimPlot analysis showed no evidence of recombination with HBV/C1–C10. The isolated life and closed social systems of highland Papuans, even though some have been moving to Jayapura, likely contribute to the formation of this unique cluster of infection with a novel subgenotype of HBV, named C11. J. Med. Virol. 83:225–234, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Greece
Authors: Asimina Fylaktou , Dimitrios Papaventsis , Maria Daoudaki , Mathaios Moskophidis , Reiberger Thomas , Nicolaos Malisiovas 
Published: December 2010

AbstractVirological data on chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Greece are limited. HBV genotypes, surface antigen (HBsAg) subtypes, and HBsAg “a” determinant mutations among patients infected chronically with HBV, were investigated. Serum samples from 135 HBsAg positive patients were tested. Serologic (HBsAg, anti‐HBs, HBeAg, and anti‐HBe), virologic (HBV‐DNA quantitation) and biochemical markers (serum alanine aminotransferase/ALT and aspartate aminotransferase/AST) were analyzed. HBV genotypes and HBsAg subtypes were determined by partial sequencing of the S gene. Genotyping was performed by using the National Center for Biotechnology Information online Genotyping tool and phylogenetic analysis. Nucleotide sequences were aligned pair wise with ClustalW and phylogenetic trees were constructed by the neighbor‐joining method. Sequences were also used to predict HBV HBsAg subtypes. In six patients (4%), simultaneous presence of HBsAg and anti‐HBs was determined, whereas 47 patients (35%) were HBeAg positive, 84 (62.5%) were anti‐HBe positive, and four patients (3%) were characterized by the simultaneous presence of HBeAg and anti‐HBe. Mean ALT was 238 IU/L (standard deviation = 576.84), and HBV‐DNA levels ranged from 1.02 × 105 to 2.2 × 107 IU/ml. Genotype D was predominant (98%), with viral groups D/ayw2 (73%) and D/ayw3 (27%). Group A/adw accounted for 1% of cases. Genotypes B and C were found exclusively in the Chinese immigrants (1%). Single or multiple point mutations were found in 35 cases (26%). Some of the most common mutations occurred at amino acid positions 129, 133, 134, 144, 145, including the “vaccine escape” mutation G145R. Mutations analysis revealed that amino acid substitutions did not affect detection by commercial immunoassays. J. Med. Virol. 83:245–252, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neutralization of different echovirus serotypes by individual lots of intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Planitzer Christina B. , Farcet Maria R. , Schiff Richard I. , Ochs Hans D. , Kreil Thomas R. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractReplacement therapy using intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations in people with antibody deficiencies is effective in preventing the majority of common bacterial and viral infections, yet echovirus break‐through infections have occurred. Currently, only limited information on neutralization capacity variability of individual IVIG lots against the different echovirus serotypes is available. Infectivity assays were established for the most prevalent echovirus serotypes (E 9, E 11, E 13, and E 30) circulating in the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). The echovirus serotype‐specific neutralization titers of 41 IVIG lots manufactured from either whole blood (Recovered) or collected by apheresis (Source) and from either the US or EU, were determined. Significantly higher (P < 0.0001) neutralization titers against E 11 and E 30 were found in IVIG lots manufactured from US Source plasma compared to US Recovered plasma. Geographically, IVIG lots made from US plasma contained significantly (P < 0.0001) higher neutralization titers against E 9 and E 11 than lots manufactured from EU plasma, whereas lots made from EU plasma showed significantly higher neutralization of E 30. To conclude, IVIG lots differ in their neutralizing antibody content against different echovirus serotypes, depending on plasma collection practices and geographic origin. Based on these results, an informed choice in selecting IVIG lots with the highest available neutralization titer against the specific echovirus serotype would seem to be beneficial during treatment of break‐through infections. J. Med. Virol. 83:305–310, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Root exudation of sugars, amino acids, and organic acids by maize as affected by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and iron deficiency
Authors: Carvalhais Lilia C. , Dennis Paul G. , Fedoseyenko Dmitri , Hajirezaei Mohammad‐Reza , Borriss Rainer , von Wirén Nicolaus 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRoot exudates play a major role in the mobilization of sparingly soluble nutrients in the rhizosphere. Since the amount and composition of major metabolites in root exudates from one plant species have not yet been systematically compared under different nutrient deficiencies, relations between exudation patterns and the type of nutrient being deficient remain poorly understood. Comparing root exudates from axenically grown maize plants exposed to N, K, P, or Fe deficiency showed a higher release of glutamate, glucose, ribitol, and citrate from Fe‐deficient plants, while P deficiency stimulated the release of γ‐aminobutyric acid and carbohydrates. Potassium‐starved plants released less sugars, in particular glycerol, ribitol, fructose, and maltose, while under N deficiency lower amounts of amino acids were found in root exudates. Principal‐component analysis revealed a clear separation in the variation of the root‐exudate composition between Fe or P deficiency versus N or K deficiency in the first principal component, which explained 46% of the variation in the data. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the amounts of sugars, organic and amino acids released under deficiency of a certain nutrient and the diffusion coefficient of the respective nutrient in soils. We thus hypothesize that the release of dominant root exudates such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids by roots may reflect an ancient strategy to cope with limiting nutrient supply.
High sacrectomy for locally recurrent rectal cancer: Can long‐term survival be achieved?
Authors: Dozois E.J. , Privitera A. , Holubar S.D. , Aldrete J.F. , Sim F.H. , Rose P.S. , Walsh M.F. , Bower T.C. , Leibovich B.C. , Nelson H. , Larson D.W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundLocally recurrent rectal cancer involving the upper sacrum is generally considered a contra‐indication to curative surgery. The aim of this study was to determine if a survival benefit was seen in patients undergoing high sacrectomy.MethodsAll patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer involving the sacrum above the 3rd sacral body between 1999 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed.ResultsNine patients were identified with a median age of 63 years. The proximal extent of sacral resection was through S2 (n = 6), S1 (n = 2), and L5‐S1 (n = 1). All patients had R0 negative‐margin resection. Median operative time was 13.7 hr, and median operative blood transfusion was 3.7 L. Thirty‐day mortality was nil. Postoperative complications requiring surgical intervention occurred in three patients. Local re‐recurrence in the pelvis occurred in one patient. The overall median survival was 31 months (range, 2–39 months). Three patients still alive are free of disease after 40, 76, and 101 months, respectively. Ultimately, all deaths were due to metastatic disease.ConclusionsHigh sacrectomy that achieves clear margins in patients with recurrent rectal cancer is safe and feasible. A majority will die of metastatic disease, but long‐term survival may be possible in some patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:105–109. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Marjolin's warty ulcer
Authors: Sharma Amit , Schwartz Robert A , Swan Kenneth G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMarjolin's ulcer refers to malignant change within burn scar. The French surgeon Jean‐Nicolas Marjolin is honored with the eponym. Marjolin described the “warty ulcer” in the first edition of Dictionnaire de Medécine. In his description, Marjolin did not actually state that this ulcer represented malignant transformation. Credit for noting the specific association involved in Marjolin's ulcer belongs to Caesar Hawkins, an English Surgeon, who described skin cancer arising in burn and flogging scars. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:193–195. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accumulation of p53 determined by immunohistochemistry as a prognostic marker in node negative breast cancer; analysis according to st gallen consensus and intrinsic subtypes
Authors: Jung So‐Youn , Jeong Junsoo , Shin Seung Ho , Kwon Youngmee , Kim Eun‐A. , Ko Kyoung Lan , Shin Kyung Hwan , Ro Jungsil , Lee Keun Seok , Park In Hae , Lee Seeyoun , Kim Seok Won , Kang Han‐Sung 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the prognostic impact of p53 accumulation by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in lymph node‐negative breast cancer (LNN‐BC), and in subgroups of St Gallen consensus and intrinsic subtypes.MethodsA total 845 with a pathologic diagnosis of LNN‐BC patients that underwent surgery at the National Cancer Center, Korea between 2001 and 2005 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThe median age was 48 years (range: 25–85) and median follow‐up period was 66.0 months (range: 9–101). Univariate analysis determined that tumor size, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), p53, and Ki‐67 were significant for disease free survival (DFS). Of these factors, PgR negativity (HR 3.57; 95% CI 1.26–10.09; P = 0.01) and p53 positivity (HR 3.17; 95% CI 1.51–6.65; P = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. In the subanalysis for 4 intrinsic subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2‐overexpression, and triple‐negative subtypes) and risk groups by St Gallen consensus, there were significant differences of DFS rates by p53 (5‐year DFS rate, luminal A; 97.2% for p53 (−) vs 93.8% for p53 (+); P = 0.03, triple‐negative subgroups; 94.1% vs 78.7%; P = 0.002, intermediate‐risk group; 96.5% vs 90.7%; P = 0.003).ConclusionsP53 has prognostic power in LNN‐BC, and gives the additional prognostic information for intrinsic subtypes and St Gallen consensus. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:207–211. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetic and mechanistic studies on the Pd–Cl cleavage of dichloro‐ [1‐alkyl‐2‐(naphthylazo)imidazole]palladium(II) complexes by 2,2′‐bipyridine
Authors: Ghosh Pradip Kumar , Mandal Harasit Kumar , Mahapatra Ambikesh 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe interaction of 2,2′‐bipyridine with dichloro‐[1‐alkyl‐2‐(α‐naphthylazo) imidazole]palladium(II) [Pd(α‐NaiR′)Cl2, 1] and dichloro‐[1‐alkyl‐2‐(β‐naphthylazo) imidazole] palladium(II) [Pd(β‐NaiR′)Cl2, 2] complexes {where alkyl R′ = Me (a), Et (b) or Bz (c)} in acetonitrile medium to yield [{1‐alkyl‐2‐(α‐naphthylazo) imidazole} (bipyridine)] palladium(II)diperchlorate (3a, 3b, 3c) and [{1‐alkyl‐2‐(β‐naphthylazo) imidazole}(bipyridine)] palladium(II) diperchlorate (4a, 4b, 4c) was studied. The products were characterized by microanalytical data and spectroscopic techniques (FT‐IR, UV–vis, and NMR). The nucleophilic substitution reaction shows a first‐order dependence of rate on each of the Pd(II) complex and 2,2′‐bipyridine. Addition of LiCl to the reaction decreases the rate of reaction and has proved the cleavage of Pd–Cl bond at the rate‐determining step. Thermodynamic parameters standard enthalpy of activation (Δ‡H°), and standard entropy of activation (Δ‡S°) were determined. The second‐order rate constant k2 corroborates with the experimental Δ‡H° values. The negative values of Δ‡S° indicate that the reaction proceeds through an associative inner sphere mechanism. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 130–140, 2011
Arytenoid dislocation: An Analysis of the contemporary literature
Authors: Norris Byron K. , Schweinfurth John M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To discuss the incidence, diagnosis, laryngeal findings, and management of arytenoid dislocation as a separate entity from vocal fold paralysis.Study Design:Literature review.Methods:A contemporary review of the literature was performed by searching the terms arytenoid cartilage dislocation and subluxation in various combinations. Articles were analyzed and selected based on relevance and content.Results:Arytenoid dislocation is described as an uncommon laryngeal finding associated with intubation or blunt laryngeal trauma. The majority of recent publications are case reports or small case series. Diagnosis of arytenoid dislocation with flexible laryngoscopy, helical computed tomography, videostroboscopy, and laryngeal electromyography is recommended. In most reported cases, diagnosis has been made based on the position of the arytenoid at laryngoscopy. Reduction and repositioning of the arytenoid cartilage is reported with limited success noted with delayed diagnosis. Speech therapy may also be a beneficial treatment option.Conclusions:Although arytenoid dislocation is reported in the literature, the body of available evidence fails to sufficiently differentiate it as a separate entity from unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Flexible laryngoscopy is inadequate as a standalone procedure to distinguish arytenoid dislocation from laryngeal nerve injury. Laryngoscope, 2011
Transorbital endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks
Authors: Moe Kris. S. , Kim Louis J. , Bergeron Chris M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectives:To describe an anatomic and clinical outcome study of transorbital neuroendoscopic surgical (TONES) for the repair of complex anterior cranial fossa (ACF) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks.Design:Anatomic cadaver investigation and clinical outcomes evaluation.Methods:An anatomic cadaver study was undertaken to determine the anatomic feasibility of the TONES approaches for repair of CSF leaks, and determine the optimal approaches for these repairs. A targeted outcome analysis was performed on 10 consecutive patients who underwent 12 ACF CSF leak repairs by TONES.Results:The cadaver study demonstrated that the entire ACF can be accessed by TONES. Due to the rise and angulation of the orbital roof above the interorbital ACF, the precaruncular (PC) approach optimal for a coplanar target approach in the interorbital ACF, and the superior lid crease (SLC) trajectory is preferable for procedures involving the supraorbital ACF. There were no complications in the 12 clinical procedures. Fifty percent of the cases were revisions, referred after up to five previous craniotomies and endoscopic procedures; all TONES repairs were successful with a single operation.Conclusions:The use of TONES to repair ACF CSF leaks was demonstrated to be technically feasible in cadaver and clinical studies. The SLC approach was optimal for supraorbital ACF leaks; the PC approach was preferable for interorbital ACF pathology. TONES was shown to be highly effective for treating complex pathology that was refractory to correction through frontal craniotomy and /or transnasal endoscopy, providing safe, minimally disruptive direct coplanar routes for target approach and manipulation. Laryngoscope, 2011
Impact of surgeon and hospital volume on short‐term outcomes and cost of laryngeal cancer surgical care
Authors: Gourin Christine G. , Forastiere Arlene A. , Sanguineti Giuseppe , Koch Wayne M. , Marur Shanthi , Bristow Robert E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the impact of surgeon and hospital case volume and other related variables on short‐term outcomes after surgery for laryngeal cancer.Methods:The Maryland Health Service Cost Review Commission database was queried for laryngeal cancer surgical case volumes from 1990 to 2009. Multivariate logistic regression analyses and multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate for significant associations between surgeon and hospital case volume, as well as other independent variables and the risk of in‐hospital death, postoperative wound complications, length of hospital stay, and hospital‐related cost of care.Results:Overall, 1,981 laryngeal cancer surgeries were performed with complete financial data available for 1,885 laryngeal cancer surgeries, performed by 284 surgeons at 37 hospitals. The only independently significant factor associated with the risk of in‐hospital death was an APR‐DRG mortality risk score of 4 (odds ratio [OR] = 10.7, P < .001). Postoperative wound fistula or dehiscence was associated with an increased mortality risk score (OR = 3.1, P < .001), total laryngectomy (OR = 12.4, P = .013), and flap reconstruction (OR = 3.8, P = .001). Increased mortality risk score, partial or total laryngectomy, flap reconstruction, and Black race were associated with an increased length of stay and hospital‐related costs. After controlling for all other variables, a statistically significant negative correlation was observed between surgery at a high‐volume hospital and both length of hospital stay (geometric mean = −1.5 days, P = .003). and hospital‐related costs (geometric mean = −$6,061, P = .003).Conclusions:After controlling for other factors, high‐volume hospital care is associated with a shorter length of hospitalization and lower hospital‐related cost of care for laryngeal cancer surgery. Laryngoscope, 2011