bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of modern cricket bowling actions in New Zealand
Authors: Ferdinands Rene , Kersting Uwe G. , Marshall Robert N. , Stuelcken Max 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe classification of bowling actions in cricket is particularly important from an injury perspective. Research has consistently shown that bowlers with a mixed‐action technique have an elevated risk of sustaining serious lumbar injury. In this study, 34 New Zealand bowlers (mean age 22.2±0.9 years) of premier competition standard and above were assessed using a three‐dimensional motion analysis system (240 Hz). Data were analysed using three previous classification systems before classifying bowlers into the side‐on, semi‐open, front‐on, and mixed‐action types based on a modified set of angle threshold criteria and a more intuitive angle convention system. The majority of bowlers in the sample (64.7%) used the mixed action with high levels of shoulder counter‐rotation. The strongest predictors of shoulder counter‐rotation were shoulder alignment angle and pelvic–shoulder separation angle. The current results suggest that a large proportion of fast bowlers may be at a higher risk of lumbar injury from the use of the mixed‐action technique. We believe it may be advisable to recommend the semi‐open action as an alternative to the front‐on action. In addition, the adopted angle convention is more practical than the previous convention for bowling action classification.
Perceptual and cognitive responses during exercise: Relationships with metamotivational state and dominance
Authors: Thatcher Joanne , Kuroda Yusuke , Thatcher Rhys , Legrand Fabien 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study, we examined ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and attentional focus during exercise in relation to telic and paratelic metamotivational dominance and state. Thirty regular exercisers (11 females, 19 males), of whom 10 were telic dominant (mean Paratelic Dominance Scale score=6.2±2.9), 10 paratelic dominant (mean PDS score=23.8±1.4), and 10 non‐dominant (mean PDS score=15.4±0.7) completed two exercise trials. In the first trial, the participants completed a maximal ramped exercise test on a motorized treadmill to determine their gas exchange threshold (the speed at which determined exercise intensity of the subsequent trial). Throughout the second trial (a 30‐min treadmill run), the participants reported their metamotivational state, RPE, and attentional focus (associative or dissociative) at 5‐min intervals. Heart rate was recorded at 3, 8, 13, 18, 23, and 28 min and expired air was analysed for oxygen consumption (VO2) between 1–3, 6–8, 11–13, 16–18, 21–23, and 26–28 min. There was no main effect of dominance or dominance×time interaction on any variables (P >0.05). Oxygen consumption did not differ between states but RPE was higher in the telic than paratelic state at 25 and 30 min (t 28=2.87, P <0.05; t 26.77=3.88, P <0.05, respectively). Attentional focus was more associative in the telic than paratelic state at 20, 25, and 30 min (t 28=− 3.73, P <0.05; t 28=− 4.85, P <0.01; t 28=− 5.15, P <0.05, respectively) and heart rate was higher at 23 min in the telic state (t 27=3.40, P <0.05). During the latter stages of exercise, the telic metamotivational state, not dominance, was related to a more associative attentional focus and higher RPE. Our results support the use of reversal theory (Apter, 2001) to understand perceptual and cognitive responses during aerobic exercise, but an experimental design in which state is manipulated is needed to examine the effects of metamotivational dominance and state on perceptual and cognitive responses.
Sleep quality in athletes under normobaric hypoxia equivalent to 1500 m altitude: A polysomnographic study
Authors: Hoshikawa Masako , Uchida Sunao , Sugo Takayuki , Kumai Yasuko , Hanai Yoshiteru , Kawahara Takashi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the present study, we evaluated the duration of slow‐wave sleep (Stage 3 and 4) and total delta power (< 3Hz) in all‐night non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep electroencephalograms (EEGs) of athletes during normobaric hypoxia at simulated altitudes of 1500 m. Seven male athletes slept for two nights in a normoxic condition and one night in an hypoxic condition equivalent to an altitude of 1500 m. Whole‐night polysomnographic recordings, thoracic and abdominal motion, nasal and oral airflow, and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded. Visual sleep stage scoring and fast Fourier transformation analyses of EEG were performed using 30‐s epochs. Mean and minimum SpO2 decreased significantly during sleep in the hypoxic condition. Between groups, changes in heart rate, respiratory disturbance measures including apnoea and hypopnoea, slow‐wave sleep and total delta power of the all‐night NREM sleep EEG were small and non‐significant for the hypoxic condition. However, individual difference in time at an SpO2 below 90% were large in the hypoxic condition, and both slow‐wave sleep and total delta power of all‐night NREM sleep EEG decreased in three participants who spent a prolonged time below 90% SpO2. The present results suggest that monitoring time below 90% SpO2 is recommended when studying individuals' living‐high schedule even under hypoxic conditions equivalent to an altitude of 1500 m.
Developmental changes in cognitive reaction time of children aged 6–12 years
Authors: Iida Yukako , Miyazaki Makoto , Uchida Sunao 
Published: April 2010

AbstractUsing a visual Go/Nogo paradigm and subtraction methods, we examined detailed developmental changes in the cognitive reaction times of 153 healthy children aged 6–12 years. Three conditions were studied: simple reaction, even rate reaction (50% Go), and high rate reaction (80% Go). The subtraction of simple reaction time from even rate reaction time was considered to reflect discrimination time, while the subtraction of simple reaction time from high rate reaction time was considered to reflect the time required for inhibition. We found that simple reaction time, even rate reaction time, and high rate reaction time all declined significantly with months of age (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the times for both discrimination and inhibition also showed significant declines (P < 0.01), which could be considered developmental changes in neural mechanisms involved in discrimination and inhibition processes. The time for inhibition showed a weaker correlation (P < 0.01), which could indicate that the degree of developmental change is larger for the discriminative processes than for the inhibititory processes required for our task in the age range studied.
Supervised normalization of microarrays
Authors: Mecham Brigham H. , Nelson Peter S. , Storey John D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMotivation: A major challenge in utilizing microarray technologies to measure nucleic acid abundances is ‘normalization’, the goal of which is to separate biologically meaningful signal from other confounding sources of signal, often due to unavoidable technical factors. It is intuitively clear that true biological signal and confounding factors need to be simultaneously considered when performing normalization. However, the most popular normalization approaches do not utilize what is known about the study, both in terms of the biological variables of interest and the known technical factors in the study, such as batch or array processing date.Results: We show here that failing to include all study-specific biological and technical variables when performing normalization leads to biased downstream analyses. We propose a general normalization framework that fits a study-specific model employing every known variable that is relevant to the expression study. The proposed method is generally applicable to the full range of existing probe designs, as well as to both single-channel and dual-channel arrays. We show through real and simulated examples that the method has favorable operating characteristics in comparison to some of the most highly used normalization methods.Availability: An R package called snm implementing the methodology will be made available from Bioconductor (http://bioconductor.org).Contact: jstorey@princeton.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ACCUSA—accurate SNP calling on draft genomes
Authors: Fröhler Sebastian , Dieterich Christoph 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Summary: Next generation sequencing technologies facilitate genome-wide analysis of several biological processes. We are interested in whole-genome genotyping. To our knowledge, none of the existing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) callers consider the quality of the reference genome, which is not necessary for high-quality assemblies of well-studied model organisms. However, most genome projects will remain in draft status with little to no genome assembly improvement due to time and financial constraints. Here, we present a simple yet elegant solution (‘ACCUSA’) that considers both the read qualities as well as the reference genome's quality using a Bayesian framework. We demonstrate that ACCUSA is as good as the current SNP calling software in detecting true SNPs. More importantly, ACCUSA does not call spurious SNPs, which originate from a poor reference sequence.
Availability: ACCUSA is available free of charge to academic users and may be obtained from ftp://bbc.mdc-berlin.de/software. ACCUSA is programmed in JAVA 6 and runs on any platform with JAVA support.
Contact: christoph.dieterich@mdc-berlin.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An integer programming formulation to identify the sparse network architecture governing differentiation of embryonic stem cells
Authors: Banerjee Ipsita , Maiti Spandan , Parashurama Natesh , Yarmush Martin 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Primary purpose of modeling gene regulatory networks for developmental process is to reveal pathways governing the cellular differentiation to specific phenotypes. Knowledge of differentiation network will enable generation of desired cell fates by careful alteration of the governing network by adequate manipulation of cellular environment.
Results: We have developed a novel integer programming-based approach to reconstruct the underlying regulatory architecture of differentiating embryonic stem cells from discrete temporal gene expression data. The network reconstruction problem is formulated using inherent features of biological networks: (i) that of cascade architecture which enables treatment of the entire complex network as a set of interconnected modules and (ii) that of sparsity of interconnection between the transcription factors. The developed framework is applied to the system of embryonic stem cells differentiating towards pancreatic lineage. Experimentally determined expression profile dynamics of relevant transcription factors serve as the input to the network identification algorithm. The developed formulation accurately captures many of the known regulatory modes involved in pancreatic differentiation. The predictive capacity of the model is tested by simulating an in silico potential pathway of subsequent differentiation. The predicted pathway is experimentally verified by concurrent differentiation experiments. Experimental results agree well with model predictions, thereby illustrating the predictive accuracy of the proposed algorithm.
Contact: ipb1@pitt.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Plasma tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1): an independent predictor of poor response to cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Tolosana Jose María , Mont Lluís , Sitges Marta , Berruezo Antonio , Delgado Victoria , Vidal Bàrbara , Tamborero David , Morales Manel , Batlle Montserrat , Roig Eulalia , Castel M. Angeles , Pérez‐Villa Félix , Godoy Miguel , Brugada Josep 
Published: April 2010

AimsMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) play a role in left ventricular structural remodelling. The aim of our study was to analyse MMP‐2 and TIMP‐1 levels as predictors of poor response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Methods and resultsA cohort of 42 CRT patients from our centre was prospectively evaluated at baseline and after 12‐month follow‐up. MMP‐2 and TIMP‐1 assays were performed prior to CRT implant. Cardiac resynchronization therapy responders were defined as patients who survived, were not transplanted, and increased their basal 6 min walking distance test (6MWDT) by ≥10% or improved their NYHA functional class. Overall, 25 patients (60%) were classed as responders. At 12‐month follow‐up, six patients (14.2%) had died and one (2.4%) patient had been transplanted. Compared with responders, non‐responders had higher levels of TIMP‐1 (277 ± 59 vs. 216 ± 46 ng/mL, P = 0.001), MMP‐2 (325 ± 115 vs. 258 ± 56 ng/mL, P = 0.02), and creatinine (1.76 ± 0.8 vs. 1.25 ± 0.3 mg/dL, P = 0.01). In a multivariate analysis, TIMP‐1 was the only independent predictor of non‐response to CRT [OR 0.97, 95% (CI 0.96–0.99) P = 0.005]. TIMP‐1≥248 ng/mL predicted non‐response with 71% sensitivity and 72% specificity.ConclusionTIMP‐1 is an independent predictor of non‐response in patients treated with CRT.
Rheumatoid arthritis and birth outcomes: a Danish and Swedish nationwide prevalence study
Authors: Nørgaard M. , Larsson H. , Pedersen L. , Granath F. , Askling J. , Kieler H. , Ekbom A. , Sørensen H. T. , Stephansson O. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract. Nørgaard M, Larsson H, Pedersen L, Granath F, Askling J, Kieler H, Ekbom A, Sørensen HT, Stephansson O (Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska University Hospital, Solna; and Karolinska Institutet, Solna; Stockholm, Sweden). Rheumatoid arthritis and birth outcomes: a Danish and Swedish nationwide prevalence study.J Intern Med2010;268: 329–337.Objectives. To examine the prevalence of preterm birth, infants with low Apgar score, small for gestational age (SGA) birth, stillbirth and congenital abnormalities in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with women without RA.Design. Prevalence study.Setting. Combined Sweden and Denmark nationwide from 1994 to 2006.Subjects. We included 871 579 women with a first‐time singleton birth identified through population‐based healthcare databases.Main outcome measures. We compared the prevalence of preterm birth, low Apgar score (<7 at 5 min), SGA birth, stillbirth and congenital abnormalities amongst women with RA compared with women without RA using prevalence odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI), whilst controlling for maternal age, smoking, parental cohabitation and year. We stratified analyses by period of birth (1994–1997, 1998–2001 and 2002–2006).Results. Amongst 1199 women with RA, 7.8% gave birth between 32 and 36 gestational weeks (adjusted OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.14–1.82), 1.4% gave birth before gestational week 32 (adjusted OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.97–2.47), 1.6% had an infant with a low Apgar score (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.65), 5.9% had an SGA birth (adjusted OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.2–2.01), 0.9% experienced stillbirth (adjusted OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 0.98–4.35) and 4.3% gave birth to an infant with congenital abnormalities (adjusted OR,1.32; 95% CI, 0.98–1.79). The OR for congenital abnormalities decreased from 2.57 (95% CI, 1.59–4.16) in 1994–1997 to 1.00 (95% CI, 0.64–1.56) in 2002–2006.Conclusions. Women with RA had a high prevalence of most adverse birth outcomes. This could be due to inflammatory activity, medical treatment or other factors not controlled for.
The importance of postpartum glucose tolerance testing after pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes
Authors: McClean S. , Farrar D. , Kelly C. A. , Tuffnell D. J. , Whitelaw D. C. 
Published: April 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 650–654 (2010)AbstractAims  To review postpartum glucose tolerance in women with gestational diabetes and evaluate the role of formal 75 g oral glucose tolerance testing vs. fasting plasma glucose in screening for persistent abnormalities.Methods  Retrospective study of 985 pregnancies over a 10 year period in a mixed ethnic cohort of women who underwent follow‐up glucose tolerance testing at 6 weeks postpartum. Diagnosis obtained by oral glucose tolerance test was tested against that from the fasting plasma glucose value.Results  There were 272 abnormal postpartum oral glucose tolerance test results (27.6%), with 109 women identified as having frank diabetes. Eleven of these (10%) had fasting plasma glucose ≤6.0 mmol/l, as did 62 of 114 cases of impaired glucose tolerance. A fasting plasma glucose concentration of ≥6.1 mmol/l correctly identified abnormal glucose tolerance in 199 of 272 cases (sensitivity 0.73). South Asian women were much more likely to have persistent abnormalities of glucose tolerance than were Europeans (32 vs. 15%, χ2P < 0.0001).Conclusions  A postpartum fasting plasma glucose measurement alone is not sensitive enough in our population to classify glucose tolerance status accurately. A formal postpartum oral glucose tolerance test is therefore needed to facilitate early detection and treatment.
Diabetes prevalence, diabetes regimen and co‐morbidity in depressed patients compared with non‐depressed patients in primary care in the Netherlands
Authors: Adriaanse M. C. , Bosmans J. E. 
Published: April 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 718–722 (2010)AbstractAims  To assess the prevalence of diabetes in depressed patients compared with non‐depressed matched controls and to compare diabetes regimen and co‐morbidity in depressed patients with diabetes vs. non‐depressed patients with diabetes in primary care in the Netherlands.Methods  A retrospective case–control study over 3 years (2002–2004). Data for depressed patients (n = 7128) and non‐depressed matched controls (n = 23772) were available from an electronic medical record system of 20 general practices organized in one large primary care organization in the Netherlands. Matching was based on year and month of birth, sex and general practitioner. Diabetes, diabetes regimen (i.e. oral glucose medication, insulin or both) and co‐morbidity were defined using Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification codes of delivered medication.Results  The prevalence of diabetes was 5.5% (n = 393) among depressed patients, which was 2.6 times higher than in non‐depressed matched controls where the figure was 2.1% (n = 494; P < 0.001). Diabetes regimen, i.e. the proportions of subjects on oral glucose medication, insulin or both did not differ among depressed patients with diabetes (51, 27 and 22%, respectively) compared with non‐depressed patients with diabetes (51, 30, 19%; P = 0.53). Co‐morbidity was significantly more prevalent among depressed patient with diabetes than in non‐depressed patients with diabetes.Conclusions  Compared with non‐depressed matched controls, adults with treated depression have almost three times higher rates of diabetes. Depressed patients with diabetes had more co‐morbidities compared with non‐depressed patients with diabetes, whereas diabetes regimen did not differ.
Novel monogenic diabetes mutations in the P2 promoter of the HNF4A gene are associated with impaired function in vitro
Authors: Wirsing A. , Johnstone K. A. , Harries L. W. , Ellard S. , Ryffel G. U. , Stanik J. , Gasperikova D. , Klimes I. , Murphy R. 
Published: April 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 631–635 (2010)AbstractAims  Mutations in HNF4A cause a form of monogenic β‐cell diabetes. We aimed to identify mutations in the pancreas‐specific P2 promoter of HNF4A in families with suspected HNF4A diabetes and to show that they impaired the function of the promoter in vitro.Methods  We screened families with a clinical suspicion of HNF4A monogenic β‐cell diabetes for mutations in the HNF4A P2 promoter. We investigated the function of the previously reported HNF4A P2 promoter mutation −192C>G linked to late‐onset diabetes in several families, along with two new segregating mutations, in vitro using a modified luciferase reporter assay system with enhanced sensitivity.Results  We identified two novel HNF4A P2 promoter mutations that co‐segregate with diabetes in two families, −136A>G and −169C>T. Both families displayed phenotypes typical of HNF4A monogenic β‐cell diabetes, including at least two affected generations, good response to sulphonylurea treatment and increased birthweight and/or neonatal hypoglycaemia. We show that both of these novel mutations and −192C>G impair the function of the promoter in transient transfection assays.Conclusions  Two novel mutations identified here and the previously identified late‐onset diabetes mutation, −192C>G, impair the function of the HNF4A P2 promoter in vitro.
Estimating the direct cost of Type 2 diabetes in Greece: the effects of blood glucose regulation on patient cost
Authors: Athanasakis K. , Ollandezos M. , Angeli A. , Gregoriou A. , Geitona M. , Kyriopoulos J. 
Published: April 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 679–684 (2010)AbstractAims  To estimate the annual cost of treatment for Type 2 diabetic patients in Greece and investigate the effect of blood glucose regulation on patient cost.Methods  A multipoint data collection procedure based on the patient records of 51 geographically distributed physicians was used in order to obtain the necessary data for the analysis and the construction of the patient cost model. Patients were classified as controlled (i.e. maintaining blood glucose regulation for the 1 year retrospective time frame of the analysis) and non‐controlled (the patients failing to do so in the specified time period). Cost categories included pharmaceutical expenditure, laboratory/diagnostic tests and consultation fees. Costs attributable to hospitalizations due to diabetic complications were not included. Calculations were based on 2007 fees and prices, and costs are expressed in Euros.Results  The average annual cost of treatment for controlled patients was estimated at 981.72€ (95% confidence interval, 940.66–1023.01€), whereas for non‐controlled patients it was 1566.12€ (95% confidence interval, 1485.42–1650.20€). Non‐controlled patients had 29.7% higher annual pharmaceutical costs (340.50 vs. 441.96€), 70% higher costs for laboratory/diagnostic tests (422.54 vs. 718.49€) and 85.5% higher consultation costs (218.68 vs. 405.67€) compared with their controlled peers. The average cost for a Type 2 diabetic patient in Greece, regardless of blood glucose regulation, was 1297.30€ (95% confidence interval, 1244.42–1349.61€).Conclusions  Failing to control blood glucose levels within ‘glycaemic goals’, apart from the clinical consequences, can also have a significant financial impact, resulting in a 59.5% increase in the mean annual patient cost.