bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using complementary techniques to distinguish cryptic species: A new Erysimum (Brassicaceae) species from North Africa
Authors: Abdelaziz Mohamed , Lorite Juan , Muñoz‐Pajares A. Jesús , Herrador M. Belén , Perfectti Francisco , Gómez José M. 
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the study: Cryptic species are superficially morphologically indistinguishable and therefore erroneously classified under one single name. The identification and delimitation of these species is usually a difficult task. The main aim of this study is to provide an inclusive methodology that combines standard and new tools to allow accurate identification of cryptic species. We used Erysimum nervosum s.l. as a model system.• Methods: Four populations belonging to E. nervosum s.l. were sampled at their two distribution ranges in Morocco (the Atlas Mountains and the Rif Mountains). Fifteen individuals per population were collected to assess standard taxonomic traits. Additionally, corolla color and shape were quantified in 30 individuals per population using spectrophotometry and geometric morphometrics, respectively. Finally, we collected tissue samples from each population per species to study the phylogenetic relationships among them.• Key results: Using the standard taxonomic traits, we could not distinguish the four populations. Nonetheless, there were differences in corolla color and shape between plants from the two mountain ranges. The population differentiation based on quantitative morphological differences were confirmed and supported by the phylogenetic relationships obtained for these populations and the rest of the Moroccan Erysimum species.• Conclusions: The joint use of the results obtained from standard taxonomic traits, quantitative analyses of plant phenotype, and molecular data suggests the occurrence of two species within E. nervosum s.l. in Morocco, one located in the Atlas Mountains (E. nervosum s.s.) and the other in the Rif Mountains (E. riphaeanum sp. nov.). Consequently, we suggest that combining quantitative and molecular approaches with standard taxonomy greatly benefits the identification of cryptic species.
Development of microsatellite markers in Kmeria septentrionalis (Magnoliaceae), an endangered Chinese tree
Authors: Lin Yanfang , Zeng Liyan , Zhang Qiwei , Wang Yaofang , Tang Shaoqing 
Published: May 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed in an endangered plant, Kmeria septentrionalis, to investigate its population genetic structure, gene flow, and mating systems.• Methods and Results: Using the combined biotin capture method, 14 microsatellite primer sets were isolated and characterized. All of these markers showed polymorphism, and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 15 across 60 individuals from two populations. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.2692 to 0.9667 and from 0.3271 to 0.8881, respectively.• Conclusions: These markers will facilitate further studies on the genetic diversity and mating systems of K. septentrionalis.
Fonction mythopoïétique de la famille
Authors: Ruffiot André 
Published: May 2011

Résumé Après avoir exposé le concept de mythe tel qu’il a été défini par les systémiciens, notamment d’un point de vue économique garantissant l’homéostasie, l’auteur s’attache à en préciser l’origine et les caractéristiques dans une perspective psychanalytique groupale et familiale. De par sa parenté avec le fantasme individuel conscient, le mythe familial apparaît comme une tentative de symbolisation des pulsions, une mise en représentation partagée de l’énigme des origines et de la filiation. Le couple et la famille sont considérés comme des espaces privilégiés pour l’élaboration de ces productions fantasmatiques structurantes. L’auteur explore les potentialités créatrices de ces co-constructions ; il en relève également les carences, plus particulièrement dans les familles psychotiques. Par les régressions qu’elle induit et l’interfantasmatisation qui s’y développe, la thérapie familiale psychanalytique s’offre comme un espace approprié permettant de mieux saisir l’origine des mythes familiaux.
Coordinate Regulation of GATA-3 and Th2 Cytokine Gene Expression by the RNA-Binding Protein HuR
Authors: Stellato Cristiana , Gubin Matthew M. , Magee Joseph D. , Fang Xi , Fan Jinshui , Tartar Danielle M. , Chen Jing , Dahm Garrett M. , Calaluce Robert , Mori Francesca , Jackson Glenn A. , Casolaro Vincenzo , Franklin Craig L. , Atasoy Ulus 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The posttranscriptional mechanisms whereby RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate T cell differentiation remain unclear. RBPs can coordinately regulate the expression of functionally related genes via binding to shared regulatory sequences, such as the adenylate-uridylate–rich elements (AREs) present in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA. The RBP HuR posttranscriptionally regulates IL-4, IL-13, and other Th2 cell-restricted transcripts. We hypothesized that the ARE-bearing GATA-3 gene, a critical regulator of Th2 polarization, is under HuR control as part of its coordinate posttranscriptional regulation of the Th2 program. We report that in parallel with stimulus-induced increase in GATA-3 mRNA and protein levels, GATA-3 mRNA half-life is increased after restimulation in the human T cell line Jurkat, in human memory and Th2 cells, and in murine Th2-skewed cells. We demonstrate by immunoprecipitation of ribonucleoprotein complexes that HuR associates with the GATA-3 endogenous transcript in human T cells and found, using biotin pulldown assay, that HuR specifically interacts with its 3′UTR. Using both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches in vitro and in animal models, we show that HuR is a critical mediator of stimulus-induced increase in GATA-3 mRNA and protein expression and that it positively influences GATA-3 mRNA turnover, in parallel with selective promotion of Th2 cytokine overexpression. These results suggest that HuR-driven posttranscriptional control plays a significant role in T cell development and effector function in both murine and human systems. A better understanding of HuR-mediated control of Th2 polarization may have utility in altering allergic airway inflammation in human asthmatic patients.
ISCOMATRIX Adjuvant Combines Immune Activation with Antigen Delivery to Dendritic Cells In Vivo Leading to Effective Cross-Priming of CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Duewell Peter , Kisser Ulrich , Heckelsmiller Klaus , Hoves Sabine , Stoitzner Patrizia , Koernig Sandra , Morelli Adriana B. , Clausen Björn E. , Dauer Marc , Eigler Andreas , Anz David , Bourquin Carole , Maraskovsky Eugene , Endres Stefan , Schnurr Max 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Cancer vaccines aim to induce CTL responses against tumors. Challenges for vaccine design are targeting Ag to dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo, facilitating cross-presentation, and conditioning the microenvironment for Th1 type immune responses. In this study, we report that ISCOM vaccines, which consist of ISCOMATRIX adjuvant and protein Ag, meet these challenges. Subcutaneous injection of an ISCOM vaccine in mice led to a substantial influx and activation of innate and adaptive immune effector cells in vaccine site-draining lymph nodes (VDLNs) as well as IFN-γ production by NK and NKT cells. Moreover, an ISCOM vaccine containing the model Ag OVA (OVA/ISCOM vaccine) was efficiently taken up by CD8α+ DCs in VDLNs and induced their maturation and IL-12 production. Adoptive transfer of transgenic OT-I T cells revealed highly efficient cross-presentation of the OVA/ISCOM vaccine in vivo, whereas cross-presentation of soluble OVA was poor even at a 100-fold higher concentration. Cross-presenting activity was restricted to CD8α+ DCs in VDLNs, whereas Langerin+ DCs and CD8α− DCs were dispensable. Remarkably, compared with other adjuvant systems, the OVA/ISCOM vaccine induced a high frequency of OVA-specific CTLs capable of tumor cell killing in different tumor models. Thus, ISCOM vaccines combine potent immune activation with Ag delivery to CD8α+ DCs in vivo for efficient induction of CTL responses.
MHC Class II Epitope Nesting Modulates Dendritic Cell Function and Improves Generation of Antigen-Specific CD4 Helper T Cells
Authors: Erskine Courtney L. , Krco Christopher J. , Hedin Karen E. , Borson Nancy D. , Kalli Kimberly R. , Behrens Marshall D. , Heman-Ackah Sabrina M. , von Hofe Eric , Wettstein Peter J. , Mohamadzadeh Mansour , Knutson Keith L. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
CD4 Th cells are critical to the development of coordinated immune responses to infections and tumors. Th cells are activated through interactions of the TCR with MHC class II complexed with peptide. T cell activation is dependent on the density of MHC peptide complexes as well as the duration of interaction of the TCR with APCs. In this study, we sought to determine whether MHC class II peptides could be modified with amino acid sequences that facilitated uptake and presentation with the goal of improving Th cell activation in vitro and in vivo. A model epitope derived from the murine folate receptor α, a self- and tumor Ag, was modified at its carboxyl terminus with the invariant chain-derived Ii-Key peptide and at its N terminus with a peptide that enhances uptake of Ag by APC. Modification of a peptide resulted in enhanced generation of high-avidity murine folate receptor α T cells that persisted in vivo and homed to sites of Ag deposition. The nesting approach was epitope and species independent and specifically excluded expansion of CD4 regulatory T cells. The resulting Th cells were therapeutic, enhanced in vivo helper activity and had an increased ability to resist tolerizing immune microenvironments. In addition to improved immunoadjuvants, this epitope modification strategy may be useful for enhancing ex vivo and in vivo generation of Th cells for preventing and treating diseases.
Association of the Charlson comorbidity index with mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Jönsen A. , Clarke A. E. , Joseph L. , Belisle P. , Bernatsky S. , Nived O. , Bengtsson A. A. , Sturfelt G. , Pineau C. A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether comorbidity as assessed by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is associated with mortality in a long‐term followup of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.MethodsData were collected from 499 SLE patients attending the Lupus Clinic at the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and 170 SLE patients from the Department of Rheumatology at Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. This included data on comorbidity, demographics, disease activity, the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI), and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). Variables were entered into a Cox proportional hazards survival model.ResultsMortality risk in the Montreal cohort was associated with the CCI (hazard ratio [HR] 1.57 per unit increase in the CCI, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.18–2.09) and age (HR 1.04 per year increase in age, 95% CI 1.00–1.09). The CCI and age at diagnosis were also associated with mortality in the Lund cohort (CCI: HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.13–1.60; age: HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05–1.12). Furthermore, the SDI was associated with mortality in the Lund cohort (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.19–1.64), while a wide CI for the estimate in the Montreal cohort prevented a definitive conclusion (HR 1.20, 95% CI 0.97–1.48). We did not find a strong association between mortality and sex, race/ethnicity, disease activity, or APS in either cohort.ConclusionIn this study, comorbidity as measured by the CCI was associated with decreased survival independent of age, lupus disease activity, and damage. This suggests that the CCI may be useful in capturing comorbidity for clinical research in SLE.
Preliminary criteria for global flares in childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Brunner Hermine I. , Mina Rina , Pilkington Clarissa , Beresford Michael W. , Reiff Andreas , Levy Deborah M. , Tucker Lori B. , Eberhard B. Anne , Ravelli Angelo , Schanberg Laura E. , Saad‐Magalhaes Claudia , Higgins Gloria C. , Onel Karen , Singer Nora G. , von Scheven Emily , Itert Lukasz , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa S. , Punaro Marilynn , Ying Jun , Giannini Edward H. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo develop widely acceptable preliminary criteria of global flare for childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE).MethodsPediatric rheumatologists (n = 138) rated a total of 358 unique patient profiles with information about the cSLE flare descriptors from 2 consecutive visits: patient global assessment of well‐being, physician global assessment of disease activity (MD‐global), health‐related quality of life, anti–double‐stranded DNA antibodies, disease activity index scores, protein:creatinine (P:C) ratio, complement levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Based on 2,996 rater responses about the course of cSLE (baseline versus followup), the accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) of candidate flare criteria was assessed. An international consensus conference was held to rank these candidate flare criteria as per the American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the development and validation of criteria sets.ResultsThe highest‐ranked candidate criteria considered absolute changes (Δ) of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) or British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG), MD‐global, P:C ratio, and ESR; flare scores can be calculated (0.5 × ΔSLEDAI + 0.45 × ΔP:C ratio + 0.5 × ΔMD‐global + 0.02 × ΔESR), where values of ≥1.04 are reflective of a flare. Similarly, BILAG‐based flare scores (0.4 × ΔBILAG + 0.65 × ΔP:C ratio + 0.5 × ΔMD‐global + 0.02 × ΔESR) of ≥1.15 were diagnostic of a flare. Flare scores increased with flare severity.ConclusionConsensus has been reached on preliminary criteria for global flares in cSLE. Further validation studies are needed to confirm the usefulness of the cSLE flare criteria in research and for clinical care.
Enthesitis in an inception cohort of enthesitis‐related arthritis
Authors: Weiss Pamela F. , Klink Andrew J. , Behrens Edward M. , Sherry David D. , Finkel Terri H. , Feudtner Chris , Keren Ron 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo describe an enthesitis‐related arthritis (ERA) inception cohort and determine which entheses and joints are most commonly affected.MethodsWe reviewed a retrospective inception cohort study of children with ERA who were diagnosed and treated at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between November 2007 and December 2009.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 32 newly diagnosed ERA patients. Fifty‐nine percent were male, and the median age at the date of initial evaluation was 12.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] 10.2–14.3 years). The median number of tender entheses at presentation was 2 (IQR 0–5), and 21 subjects (66%) had at least 1 tender enthesis. The most prevalent tender entheses were the patellar ligament insertion at the inferior pole of the patella, the plantar fascial insertion at the calcaneus, the Achilles tendon insertion at the calcaneus, and the plantar fascial insertion at the metatarsal heads. Enthesitis was most often symmetric. The median number of active joints was 2 (IQR 0–4). The most commonly affected joints were the sacroiliacs, knees, and ankles. Sacroiliitis, which was defined clinically, was most often symmetric, while peripheral arthritis was most frequently asymmetric. The odds of having active enthesitis at 6 months increased significantly with each additional tender enthesis at the initial evaluation.ConclusionAmong pediatric patients with ERA, lower extremity enthesitis is prevalent at the time of diagnosis and is likely to persist 6 months later. Future studies should address standardization of the enthesitis examination, the pattern of enthesitis over time, enthesitis response to therapy, and the impact of enthesitis on quality of life.
Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome increased by inactive disease and selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors in women with inflammatory arthropathies
Authors: Micu Mihaela C. , Micu Romeo , Ostensen Monika 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjectiveAdministration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may impair fertility. The occurrence of the luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) syndrome was assessed in women with inflammatory arthropathies exposed to NSAIDs and compared to that in nonexposed women.MethodsFourteen patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease, 29 women with noninflammatory musculoskeletal conditions, and 449 women not exposed to NSAIDs were studied by intravaginal ultrasound monitoring for follicular development and ovulation in 1 or more menstrual cycles. Disease activity was assessed in inflammatory rheumatic disease.ResultsIn 59 monitored cycles of patients with continuous NSAID exposure, 35.6% of LUF syndromes occurred compared to 3.4% of LUF syndromes in untreated women (P < 0.001). Etoricoxib was responsible for 75% of LUF syndromes in patients exposed continuously, whereas diclofenac generated 15% of LUF syndromes. An ibuprofen dosage of 1,600 mg/day did not induce LUF syndrome either at continuous periovulatory or discontinuous exposure. Interestingly, the frequency of LUF syndrome was 46.2% in patients with inactive inflammatory disease compared to 15% in patients with active disease (P = 0.023). Etoricoxib generated LUF syndrome in 94.2% of the cases with inactive disease versus 28.6% in patients with active disease (P = 0.003).ConclusionNSAIDs increased the risk of the LUF syndrome, particularly in patients with inactive disease. The selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) inhibitor etoricoxib was a more potent inductor of LUF syndrome than nonselective COX inhibitors. Continuous periovulatory exposure to NSAIDs should be avoided when planning a pregnancy in patients with rheumatic diseases.
Superior CO2 Adsorption Capacity on N‐doped, High‐Surface‐Area, Microporous Carbons Templated from Zeolite
Authors: Xia Yongde , Mokaya Robert , Walker Gavin S. , Zhu Yanqiu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractZeolite‐templated, high‐surface‐area, microporous, N‐doped carbons exhibit the highest CO2 uptake capacity recorded to date for any carbon material and one of the highest for any inorganic or organic porous material of up to 6.9 mmol g−1 at 273 K and ambient pressure and 4.4 mmol g−1 at ambient temperature and pressure, along with an initial CO2 adsorption energy of 36 kJ mol−1 at lower coverage and 20 kJ mol−1 at higher CO2 coverage. Combined with their ease of preparation, excellent recyclability and regeneration stability, and high selectivity for CO2, the N‐doped zeolite‐templated carbons are amongst the most promising solid‐state absorbents reported so far for CO2 capture and storage.
Methylglyoxal: (active agent of manuka honey) in vitro activity against bacterial biofilms
Authors: Kilty Shaun J. , Duval Melanie , Chan Francis T. , Ferris Wendy , Slinger Robert 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundPseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) biofilms are associated with poor chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) disease control following surgery. Manuka honey (MH) has been shown to be both an effective in vitro treatment agent for SA and PA biofilms and nontoxic to sinonasal respiratory mucosa. Methylglyoxal (MGO) has been reported to be the major antibacterial agent in MH. The effect of this agent against SA and PA biofilms has yet to be reported. Our objective was to determine the in vitro effect of MGO against biofilms of SA and PA, via in vitro testing of MGO against bacterial biofilms.MethodsAn established biofilm model was used to determine the effective concentration (EC) of MGO against 10 isolates of methicillin‐resistant SA (MRSA) and PA. The EC of MGO was also determined against planktonic (free‐swimming) MRSA and PA.ResultsFor MRSA, the EC against planktonic organisms was a concentration of 0.08 mg/mL to 0.3 mg/mL whereas against the biofilm MRSA isolates, the EC ranged from 0.5 mg/mL to 3.6 mg/mL. For PA, the EC against planktonic organisms was a concentration of 0.15 mg/mL to 1.2 mg/mL for planktonic organisms whereas against the biofilm PA isolates, the EC ranged from 1.8 mg/mL to 7.3 mg/mL.ConclusionMGO, a component of MH, is an effective antimicrobial agent against both planktonic and biofilm MRSA and PA organisms in vitro.
Ontogenetic Change in Temporal Bone Pneumatization in Humans
Authors: Hill Cheryl A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPneumatization of the temporal bone is often included in descriptions of fossils and as a phylogenetic marker, but a number of questions about the evolution, growth, and development of the trait remain. Many studies have analyzed temporal bone pneumatization from a clinical perspective, but a systematic quantification of normal development of pneumatized spaces has not been conducted. In this study, ontogenetic change in the size and organization of temporal bone pneumatization is analyzed in a cross‐sectional sample of humans. High resolution computed tomography scans of the temporal bone were acquired from a cross‐sectional sample of humans (N = 28). Bone volume fractions, anisotropy, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, surface area, and volume were analyzed to provide information about the organization and size of pneumatized spaces across ontogeny. The results indicate that there are general and region‐specific patterns of ontogenetic changes in the organization of pneumatized spaces. These changes reflect the transition from nonpneumatized bone to pneumatized bone. It also demonstrates that those regions that are pneumatized early in ontogeny (such as the mastoid antrum) continue to remodel after the initial period of pneumatization. The dynamic nature of temporal bone pneumatization over ontogeny suggests that this character requires careful consideration when used as a character for phylogenetic analyses. These results demonstrate the importance of comparing individuals from similar developmental stages, especially when completing quantitative analyses of the extent of pneumatization or organization of the spaces. Anat Rec,, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Monochromatic Light on Melatonin Secretion and Arylalkylamine N‐Acetyltransferase mRNA Expression in the Retina and Pineal Gland of Broilers
Authors: Jin Erhui , Jia Liujun , Li Jian , Yang Guang , Wang Zixu , Cao Jing , Chen Yaoxing 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe goal of this study is to investigate the effects of various monochromatic lights on plasma melatonin (MT) levels and the expression of arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (AANAT) mRNA in the pineal gland and retina. A total of 160 newly hatched (posthatching day 1, P1) broilers, including intact, sham‐operated, and pinealectomized groups were exposed to blue light (BL), green light (GL), red light (RL), and white light (WL) by light emitting diode (LED) system for short term (24 hr) or long term (2 weeks), separately. For intact and sham‐operated birds, the plasma MT level exhibited marked circadian rhythms at P7 and P14 regardless of short‐term and long‐term exposure to four monochromatic lights. However, WL and BL showed a faint suppression of MT secretion in contrast to GL and RL at either light or dark time points, with the following rank order: GL < RL < WL < BL. Larger circadian amplitude of MT levels was observed in GL group versus BL group (at P14: 87.70 pg/mL vs. 19.85 pg/mL, respectively). Pinealectomy disturbed the MT rhythm under different light colors, especially in RL. Additionally, consistent with the alteration of plasma MT levels, we observed increased AANAT mRNA expression and immunoreactive cell numbers of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and c‐Fos in the pineal gland or retina in GL than that of BL, whereas 5‐HT immunoreactive cell number was significantly decreased in GL. These data suggested that GL enhanced chick pinealocytes and retinal cells to express AANAT mRNA and to secrete MT, which may be depended on promoting c‐Fos expression and cell proliferation. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.