bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel genus of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes from the Yellow Sea
Authors: Zhou Ke , Zhang Wen‐Yan , Yu‐Zhang Kui , Pan Hong‐Miao , Zhang Sheng‐Da , Zhang Wei‐Jia , Yue Hai‐Dong , Li Ying , Xiao Tian , Wu Long‐Fei 
Published: October 2011

SummaryMulticellular magnetotactic prokaryotes (MMPs) are a group of magnetotactic microorganisms composed of 10–40 Gram‐negative cells. Currently, all the identified MMPs show a spherical morphology and synthesize mainly iron sulfide magnetosomes. In this study, we report a novel genus of MMPs with peculiar ellipsoidal morphology and iron oxide magnetosomes, which were discovered in intertidal sediment of the Yellow Sea in China. Optical and fluorescence microscopy revealed that this organism was ∼10 × 8 µm in size and composed of ∼40 cells enveloped by an outer layer. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the cells were arranged in 4–6 interlaced circles. Bullet‐shaped magnetite magnetosomes were organized in chains roughly parallel to the long axis of the ellipsoidal MMPs when analysed by transmission electron microscopy. These MMPs displayed special escape motility, i.e. swimming rapidly from the edge to the centre of the droplet and then slowly back to the edge. In addition, they exhibited negative phototaxis. Light microscopy observations showed that the ellipsoidal MMPs reproduced by division along the body long axis. Both analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence and fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed the ellipsoidal MMPs as a new genus of the Deltaproteobacteria. In summary, this novel genus of MMPs exhibit unique morphology, peculiar division process and distinct phylogenetic affiliation compared with the other MMPs.
The atypical cannabinoid O‐1602 stimulates food intake and adiposity in rats
Authors: Díaz‐Arteaga A. , Vázquez M. J. , Vazquez‐Martínez R. , Pulido M. R. , Suarez J. , Velásquez D. A. , López M. , Ross R. A. , de Fonseca F. Rodriguez , Bermudez‐Silva F. J. , Malagón M. M. , Diéguez C. , Nogueiras R. 
Published: October 2011

Aims: Cannabinoids are known to control energy homeostasis. Atypical cannabinoids produce pharmacological effects via unidentified targets. We sought to investigate whether the atypical cannabinoid O‐1602 controls food intake and body weight.Methods: The rats were injected acutely or subchronically with O‐1602, and the expression of several factors involved in adipocyte metabolism was assessed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. In vivo findings were corroborated with in vitro studies incubating 3T3‐L1 adipocytes with O‐1602, and measuring intracellular calcium and lipid accumulation. Finally, as some reports suggest that O‐1602 is an agonist of the putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55, we tested it in mice lacking GPR55.Results: Central and peripheral administration of O‐1602 acutely stimulates food intake, and chronically increases adiposity. The hyperphagic action of O‐1602 is mediated by the downregulation of mRNA and protein levels of the anorexigenic neuropeptide cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript. The effects on fat mass are independent of food intake, and involve a decrease in the expression of lipolytic enzymes such as hormone sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase in white adipose tissue. Consistently, in vitro data showed that O‐1602 increased the levels of intracellular calcium and lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Finally, we injected O‐1602 in GPR55 −/− mice and found that O‐1602 was able to induce feeding behaviour in GPR55‐deficient mice.Conclusions: These findings show that O‐1602 modulates food intake and adiposity independently of GPR55 receptor. Thus atypical cannabinoids may represent a novel class of molecules involved in energy balance.
Reference values for Schirmer tear tests I and II in clinically normal pigs
Authors: Trbolova Alexandra , Ghaffari Masoud Selk 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective  To determine reference values for Schirmer tear tests I and II in clinically normal pigs.Animal studied  Twenty clinically normal Landrace pigs (10 males and females) without ocular abnormalities were used in this study.Procedures  In all pigs, Schirmer tear tests (STT) I and II were performed by using a sterile Schirmer tear test standardized strip (Schirmer‐Tränentest®, Germany) placed in the lower conjunctival fornix for 1 min.Results  For each test (STT I and STT II), no differences were observed between the right and left eyes (P ≥ 0.5). The mean ± SD STT I value was 15.6 ± 3.7 mm/min (range, 10–22 mm/min), while the mean STT II value was 12.4 ± 3.8 mm/minute (range, 5–18 mm/min). The mean STT II value was significantly lower than the STT I level (P < 0.001). Animal gender did not have a significant effect on STT I and II values (P = 0.52). The mean ± SD STT I/II values of 10 juvenile pigs were significantly lower than the mean ± SD STT I/II values of 10 adult pigs (P < 0.001).Conclusions  This study of 20 Landrace pigs provided valuable information on normal STT I/II in this species. Knowledge of normal STT reference values in pigs enables the clinician to evaluate corneal pathology and diagnose tear deficiency syndromes with greater accuracy.
Intracorporeal neobladder reconstruction: pressure‐flow urodyamic studies in cadaveric orthotopic neobladders
Authors: Blute Jr Michael L. , George Arvin , Herati Amin , Srinivasian Arun , Vira Manish A. , Kavoussi Louis R. , Richstone Lee 
Published: October 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVE• To determine the pressure‐flow characteristics of neobladders created in various configurations that may be constructed intra‐abdominally. Complete intracorporeal neobladder construction has been previously described but is limited due to excessive operative time and the need for an advanced laparoscopic skill set.MATERIALS AND METHODS• Four neobladder configurations were constructed, each using 20 cm of human cadaveric small intestine. The standard hand sewn Studer pouch was compared with a circular loop, W‐pouch, and U‐pouch with stapled anastamoses.• Pressure flow studies were completed using the Aquarius TT UDS system (Laborie Medical Technologies, Toronto, Ontario) and each neobladder was filled to a pressure of 50 cm H2O. Neobladder change in pressure, capacity, and overall compliance were determined.RESULTS• The cystometric capacities of the stapled U‐pouch, W‐pouch, Circle pouch, and Studer pouch were 167.3 mL, 177.5 mL, 114 mL, and 145.2 mL respectively. The first increase in intravesical pressure was at 90.3 mL, 103 mL, 50 mL, and 85 mL.• The greatest compliance of 3.81 mL/cmH2O was demonstrated in the U‐pouch, with the W‐pouch revealing a compliance of 3.44 mL/cmH2O.• The least compliant neobladder was the circle pouch (2.24 mL/cmH20) followed by the standard Studer pouch (2.94 mL/cmH2O).CONCLUSION• The construction of an orthotopic neobladder must not only be technically feasible but maintain adequate capacity and compliance for optimal functioning. Pressure‐flow studies demonstrated equivalent results in alternate neobladder configurations. Additional data is needed to determine feasibility in vivo.
Biochemical outcome after high‐dose‐rate intensity modulated brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy: 12 years of experience
Authors: Prada Pedro J. , González Herminio , Fernández José , Jiménez Isabel , Iglesias Aránzazu , Romo Inmaculada 
Published: October 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Biochemical control from series in which radical prostatectomy is performed for patients with unfavorable prostate cancer and/or low dose external beam radiation therapy are given remains suboptimal.The treatment regimen of HDR brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy is a safe and very effective treatment for patients with high risk localized prostate cancer with excellent biochemical control and low toxicity.OBJECTIVE
To investigate the long‐term oncological outcome, during the PSA era, of patients with prostate cancer who were treated using high‐dose‐rate (HDR) brachy therapy (BT) combined with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
From June 1998 to April 2007, 313 patients with localized prostate cancer were treated with 46 Gy of EBRT to the pelvis with a HDR‐BT boost.
The mean (median) follow‐up was 71 (68) months.
Toxicity was reported according to the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Event, V.4.
RESULTS
The 10‐year actuarial biochemical control was 100% for patients with no high‐risk criteria, 88% for patients with two intermediate‐risk criteria, 91% with one high‐risk criterion and 79% for patients with two to three high‐risk criteria (P= 0.004).
The 10‐year cancer‐specific survival was 97% (standard deviation ±1%).
The multivariate Cox regression analyses identified, Gleason score and T stage as independent prognostic factors for biochemical failure.
Gleason score was the only factor to significantly affect distant metastases.
Grade ≥3 late toxicity was not detected.
CONCLUSION
The 10‐year results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of EBRT with conformal HDR‐BT boost for patients with localised prostate cancer.
Global Warming with Green and Brown Consumers
Authors: Wirl Franz 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this paper, I investigate how much green polluters mitigate the familiar dynamic “tragedy of the commons” (“global warming”). Green consumers feel penalized (“pain”) for any consumption in excess of the social optimum; this can arise, for example, from Kant’s categorical moral imperative. Interplays among and between green and brown consumers are investigated as differential games. Green preferences, the heterogeneity of consumers, and the irreversibility of emissions lead to discontinuous strategies. Associated with these are a number of non‐trivial and even puzzling features (e.g., the possibility of another “green paradox”).
Cell quality of apheresis‐derived platelets treated with riboflavin‐ultraviolet light after resuspension in platelet additive solution
Authors: Picker Susanne M. , Tauszig Marie E. , Gathof Birgit S. 
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: Previously, we evaluated the Mirasol pathogen reduction technology (PRT) system on platelet (PLT) function before resuspension. We now evaluated this system in the presence of PLT additive solution (PAS).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Double‐dose PLTs (n = 15) were generated using a commercially available apheresis system (Trima, Version 5.2, CaridianBCT) allowing for the resuspension in SSP+ (MacoPharma) immediately after collection. Paired units (n = 30) were PRT treated (M) or remained untreated (C) and analyzed for metabolism (pH, pO2, glucose, lactate, adenosine triphosphate [ATP]), swirl, hypotonic shock response (HSR), turbidometric aggregation, CD62P expression, annexin A5 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, mitochondrial enzymatic reduction activity (MTS), transmembrane mitochondrial potential (Δψ), and surface coverage (SC) during shear‐induced adhesion throughout 8 days of storage.RESULTS: As seen previously, PRT treatment of PLT units, containing a mean of 3.9 × 1011 ± 0.3 × 1011 PLTs in 397 ± 10 mL with a 32% to 34% plasma carryover, was associated with significantly (p < 0.001) increased cell activation, acidity, and glycolytic flux. PRT treatment appeared to up regulate both oxidative pathway and adhesional properties as evidenced by significantly higher MTS reduction, oxygen consumption, and shear‐induced SC on Day 1 (p ≤ 0.016). While no significant differences were found for LDH release and ATP content (except for Day 8), M units were significantly inferior (p ≤ 0.021) for aggregation (TRAP‐6); for Δψ and annexin A5 release (by Day 5); and for swirl, HSR, and MTS reduction (by Day 7).CONCLUSION: PRT treatment in the presence of PAS was comparable to PRT treatment before resuspension preserving ATP content and mitochondrial function.
Immunosuppressive effects of red blood cells on monocytes are related to both storage time and storage solution
Authors: Muszynski Jennifer , Nateri Jyotsna , Nicol Kathleen , Greathouse Kristin , Hanson Lisa , Hall Mark 
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: Reduced monocyte function is associated with adverse outcomes from critical illness. Red blood cells (RBCs) are thought to impair monocyte function but relationships between RBC storage solution and monocyte suppression are unknown. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that immunosuppressive effects of RBCs on monocytes are related to both storage time and preservative solution.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Monocytes from healthy adult donors were co‐cultured with RBCs that had been stored in AS‐1, AS‐3, or CPD only for 7, 14, or 21 days. Cells were then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and their supernatants assayed for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐10. Transwell experiments were performed to evaluate the role of cell‐to‐cell contact. Monocyte mRNA expression was quantified by real‐time–polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: LPS‐induced TNF‐α production capacity was reduced compared to controls for all groups, but CPD‐only RBCs suppressed monocyte function more than RBCs stored in AS‐1 (p = 0.007) and AS‐3 (p = 0.006). IL‐10 production was preserved or augmented in all groups. A longer storage time was associated with reduced TNF‐α production capacity for AS‐1 and AS‐3 groups but not CPD. Preventing cell‐to‐cell contact did not eliminate the inhibitory effect of RBCs on monocyte responsiveness. RBC exposure was associated with decreased LPS‐induced TNFA mRNA expression (p < 0.05 for all groups).CONCLUSIONS: CPD‐only RBCs suppressed monocyte function more than RBCs stored with additive solutions. TNF‐α production was reduced even in the absence of cell‐to‐cell contact and was impaired at the mRNA level. Further work is needed to understand the role of preservative solutions in this process.
Volume‐reduced platelet concentrates: optimization of production and storage conditions
Authors: van der Meer Pieter F. , Bontekoe Ido J. , Kruit Guido , Peeters Geert , van Toledo Pleun J. , Tomson Bert , de Korte Dirk 
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: Plasma can be removed from platelet (PLT) concentrates (PCs) when volume reduction for PLT transfusion is indicated. Volume‐reduced PCs are currently produced from pooled buffy coat (BC) PCs or apheresis PCs by pretransfusion volume reduction, followed by transfer to a syringe for immediate transfusion. We evaluated the maximal storage time of the volume‐reduced PCs in gas‐permeable containers.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Volume‐reduced PCs were produced from BC‐derived and apheresis PCs by hard‐spin centrifugation. Supernatant was removed and the PLTs were resuspended in 20 mL of retained original PC and had PLT concentrations ranging from 10.8 × 109 to 13.8 × 109 PLTs/mL. Volume‐reduced PCs were stored either in syringes or in containers made from diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)‐polyvinylchloride (PVC) or butyryl trihexyl citrate (BTHC)‐PVC plastic. Units were sampled at t = 0, 1, 3, and 6 hours for in vitro measurements.RESULTS: When prepared from 2‐day‐old PCs (n = 4), volume‐reduced PCs from BCs in a syringe had a pH37°C of 5.76 ± 0.04 at t = 6 hours after volume reduction. In the DEHP‐PVC container, pH was 5.85 ± 0.15 (not significant), and in the BTHC‐PVC, 6.34 ± 0.16 (p < 0.001), at t = 6 hours. When made from 7‐day‐old PCs, pH was lower for all storage conditions: 5.68 ± 0.06 in the syringe, 5.70 ± 0.09 in the DEHP‐PVC container (not significant), and 6.07 ± 0.24 in the BTHC‐PVC container (p < 0.01) at t = 6 hours. Volume‐reduced 2‐day‐old apheresis PCs had a pH of 6.47 ± 0.20 at t = 6 hours.CONCLUSIONS: Adult‐dose PCs derived from BC or apheresis can be volume‐reduced to approximately 20 mL in a closed gas‐permeable system. Volume‐reduced PCs in BTHC‐PVC containers retain a mean pH of more than 6.0 up to 6 hours after production. Syringes allow only 3 hours of storage.
Relationship of CD34+ cells infused and red blood cell transfusion requirements after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplants: a novel method of analysis
Authors: Dunlop Lindsay C. , Heller Gillian Z. 
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: CD34+ cells infused predicts myeloid and platelet engraftment at the time of autologous stem cell transplantation. An association between the number of CD34+ cells infused and erythroid engraftment has yet to be established.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Red blood cells transfused after autologous transplantation were compared with the number of CD34+ cells infused. Myeloid engraftment was assessed to confirm that normal engraftment kinetics occurred.RESULTS: Logistic regression established that the logarithm of the number of CD34+ cells infused (p = 0.0498) and admission hemoglobin (Hb; p < 0.001) predicted the need for transfusion. In those patients who required transfusion, standard regression methods were not valid. A novel model demonstrated that the initial Hb (p < 0.001) and diagnosis (p = 0.047) were significant predictors of transfusion requirements in patients needing transfusion. However, the number of CD34+ cells infused did not predict transfusion requirements in this group (p = 0.226). As myeloid engraftment demonstrated kinetics that have been previously described, it can be inferred that erythroid engraftment was not atypical.CONCLUSION: The number of CD34+ cells infused predicted the need for transfusion, although it did not predict the number of RBCs transfused in those patients having transfusion during their admission for autologous stem cell transplant.
Absence of transfusion‐associated microchimerism in pediatric and adult recipients of leukoreduced and gamma‐irradiated blood components
Authors: Sanchez Rosa , Lee Tzong‐Hae , Wen Li , Montalvo Leilani , Schechterly Cathy , Colvin Camilla , Alter Harvey J. , Luban Naomi L.C. , Busch Michael P. 
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: Transfusion‐associated microchimerism (TA‐MC), the persistence of significant levels of donor white blood cells (WBCs) in blood recipients for prolonged periods, has been demonstrated after nonleukoreduced and leukoreduced transfusion to patients with severe traumatic injury. Development of TA‐MC has not been rigorously studied in settings that do not involve massive trauma where the blood is leukoreduced and irradiated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A cohort of 409 prospectively followed medical and surgical adult and pediatric female recipients of leukoreduced and mostly irradiated allogeneic red blood cell and platelet transfusions were evaluated to determine development of TA‐MC. Four‐ and 8‐weeks‐posttransfusion samples were analyzed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction for Y‐chromosome sequences in WBC DNA, the marker for microchimeric cells in female blood recipients. Repeat testing was performed on Y‐chromosome–positive samples to confirm microchimerism (MC), and subsequent posttransfusion samples were tested to investigate persistence of MC.RESULTS: On initial testing, 40 of 207 (19%) adult and 44 of 202 (22%) pediatric female blood recipients demonstrated low‐level MC. On repeat testing of these and additional specimens, 12 (3%) recipients demonstrated low‐level transient MC, but none had persistent TA‐MC similar to that seen in transfused trauma patients.CONCLUSION: Persistence of MC was not demonstrated in adult and pediatric recipients of leukoreduced and mostly irradiated blood components. The risk of TA‐MC appears to be dependent on the clinical setting and is rare other than in patients sustaining severe traumatic injury.
Natural anti‐A and anti‐B of the ABO system: allo‐ and autoantibodies have different epitope specificity
Authors: Obukhova Polina , Korchagina Elena , Henry Stephen , Bovin Nicolai 
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: According to Landsteiner's law, alloantibodies are prevalent and autoantibodies are absent in the ABO blood group system. However, one study (Spalter et al., Blood 1999;93:4418‐24) has suggested that low‐affinity ABO autoantibodies, mitigated by anti‐idiotypic immunoglobulins are also prevalent, while another publication (Rieben et al., Eur J Immunol 1992;22:2713‐7) shows that humans do not have B‐lymphocytes capable of producing immunoglobulin G ABO autoantibodies.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We used hapten‐specific chromatography to isolate allo‐ and autoantibodies from pools of A or B serum and then characterized the resultant antibodies against a wide range of ABO and related glycoconjugates.RESULTS: We found that the apparent autoantibodies are directed against blood group A or B disaccharides, without consideration for the presence of fucose, but requiring the absence of elongating sugar X in composition of Gal(NAc)α1‐3(Fucα1‐2)Galβ1‐X–terminated carbohydrate chain. In contrast, ABO alloantibodies required a minimum trisaccharide Gal(NAc)α1‐3(Fucα1‐2)Gal epitope and recognize the elongated type‐specific tetrasaccharides. Furthermore, alloantibodies appear to be a small set of specific yet crossreactive antibodies that detect all backbone types of A or B antigens, rather than being a collection of specific antibodies, each of which detects a different type of A or B antigen.CONCLUSION: Apparent ABO autoantibodies appear to have no natural human target.
Awareness and acceptance of public cord blood banking among practicing obstetricians in the United States
Authors: Walker Tim , Steckler Del , Spellman Stephen , Haven Darlene , Welte Kathy , Boo Michael 
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: This study measured: 1) levels of awareness and understanding among practicing obstetricians regarding umbilical cord blood (UCB) donation and the use of UCB in transplant therapy, 2) motivations for obstetricians to support donation and collection for donation to a public cord blood bank (CBB), and 3) current practices for discussing this option with their patients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Obstetricians practicing in major metropolitan areas in the United States were randomly surveyed in 2009. Of 2041 surveys mailed, 295 were returned, 139 from obstetricians with privileges at hospitals affiliated with a public CBB (affiliated) and 156 from obstetricians without such privileges (nonaffiliated). Cross‐tabulation analyses were conducted to compare responses between these two groups.RESULTS: Both affiliated and nonaffiliated obstetricians report being somewhat or very familiar with the use of cord blood in transplant therapy (88% vs. 82%, respectively; p = NS), but some misperceptions concerning clinical application exist. Eighty percent of affiliated obstetricians feel confident discussing cord blood options with their patients; however, 49% indicated that they have insufficient knowledge of cord blood donation to effectively answer patients' questions about donation.CONCLUSION: Obstetricians are generally familiar with the utility of donated cord blood in transplantation, but could benefit from additional information regarding how cord blood is used in transplantation. Further, obstetricians play an important role in encouraging women to donate their baby's cord blood to a public CBB, are willing to do so, and indicate a desire for more information so they can effectively educate their patients.