bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactation stage‐dependent expression of transporters in rat whole mammary gland and primary mammary epithelial organoids
Authors: Gilchrist Samuel E. , Alcorn Jane 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSince solute carrier (SLC) and ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters play pivotal roles in the transport of both nutrients and drugs into breast milk, drug–nutrient transport interactions at the lactating mammary gland are possible. Our purpose was to characterize lactation stage‐dependent changes in transporter expression in rat mammary gland and isolated mammary epithelial organoids (MEO) to provide additional insight for the safe use of maternal medications during breastfeeding. We used quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction to assess the temporal expression patterns of SLC and ABC transporters in rat mammary gland and isolated MEO at different stages of lactation. In whole mammary gland five distinct patterns of expression emerged relative to late gestation: (i) decreasing throughout lactation (Mdr1a, Mdr1b, Mrp1, Octn2, Ent2, Ent3, Ncbt2, Mtx1); (ii) prominent increase in early lactation, which may remain elevated or decline with advancing lactation (Octn1, Cnt2, Cnt3, Ent1, Pept1, Pept2); (iii) constant but decreasing later in lactation (Octn3, Dmt1); (iv) increasing until mid‐to‐late lactation (Oct1, Cnt1); and (v) prominent increase late in lactation (Ncbt1). In isolated MEO (an enriched source of mammary epithelial cells) major differences in expression patterns were noted for Octn3, Ncbt1, and Mtx1, but otherwise were reasonably similar with the whole mammary gland. In conclusion our study augments existing data on transporter expression in the lactating mammary gland. These data should facilitate investigations into lactation‐stage dependent changes in drug or nutrient milk‐to‐serum concentration ratios, the potential for drug– or disease–transporter interactions, and mechanistic studies of transporter function in the lactating mammary gland.
Neurocognitive effects of adjunctive levetiracetam in children with partial‐onset seizures: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, noninferiority trial
Authors: Levisohn Paul M. , Mintz Mark , Hunter Scott J. , Yang Haichen , Jones John ,   on behalf of the N01103 Levetiracetam Study Group
Published: August 2009

SummaryPurpose:  Evaluate potential neurocognitive effects of adjunctive levetiracetam in children with inadequately controlled partial‐onset seizures (POS).Methods:  Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, noninferiority safety study. Children (4–16 years; IQ ≥65) with ≥1 POS during 4 weeks before screening despite taking 1–2 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were randomized (2:1) to levetiracetam (20–60 mg/kg/day) or placebo for 12 weeks.Results:  Ninety‐nine patients were randomized with 98 (levetiracetam 64, placebo 34) in intent‐to‐treat (ITT) and 73 (levetiracetam 46, placebo 27) in per protocol (PP) populations. Primary cognitive assessment was the Leiter International Performance Scale–Revised Attention and Memory Battery with the memory screen composite score change from baseline as the primary endpoint. PP Least Square Mean [LSM (standard error)] were 5.36 (1.78) for levetiracetam; 5.17 (2.33) for placebo; difference [two‐sided 90% confidence interval (CI)] 0.19 (−4.69, 5.08). Levetiracetam was noninferior to placebo because the 90% CI lower bound was greater than the defined noninferiority margin (−9.0). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning‐2 indexes and Leiter‐R Examiner’s Rating Scale scores. Median reductions from baseline in weekly POS frequency were 91.5% versus 26.5% for levetiracetam versus placebo; ≥50% responder rates: 62.5% versus 41.2%; seizure freedom rates: 46.9% versus 8.8% (ITT). Adverse events were reported by 89.1% levetiracetam‐treated and 85.3% placebo‐treated patients; those reported by ≥10% levetiracetam patients and more often with levetiracetam were headache, nasopharyngitis, fatigue, vomiting, somnolence, and aggression.Discussion:  Neurocognitive effects were no different in pediatric patients with POS treated with adjunctive levetiracetam or placebo. Levetiracetam was effective and well tolerated.
Visual Field Loss and Risk of Fractures in Older Women
Authors: Coleman Anne L. , Cummings Steven R. , Ensrud Kristine E. , Yu Fei , Gutierrez Peter , Stone Katie L. , Cauley Jane A. , Pedula Kathryn L. , Hochberg Marc C. , Mangione Carol M. ,   for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures
Published: August 2009

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the associations between visual field loss and nonspine fractures.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: Community.PARTICIPANTS: Four thousand seven hundred seventy‐three community‐dwelling white and African‐American women aged 65 and older with no previous history of hip fracture at the time of recruitment.MEASUREMENTS: Radiographically confirmed hip and nonspine, nonhip fractures identified from September 1997 to April 2008. Visual field loss was measured using a Humphrey Field Analyzer suprathreshold screening test of the peripheral and central vision of each eye and was classified into an ordinal rating of no, mild, moderate, or severe binocular visual field (BVF) loss.RESULTS: For hip and nonspine, nonhip fractures and in unadjusted and covariate‐adjusted analyses, the highest incidence of fractures was seen in women with the most‐severe BVF loss. In covariate‐adjusted analysis, women with mild, moderate, and severe BVF loss had a 49% (hazard ratio (HR)=1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.18–1.88), 25% (HR=1.25, 95% CI=0.87–1.80), and 66% (HR=1.66, 95% CI=1.19–2.32) greater risk, respectively, for hip fractures than women without BVF loss. Similarly, women with mild visual field loss had a 12% (HR=0.88, 95% CI=0.75–1.04) lower risk for nonspine, nonhip fractures, whereas women with moderate and severe visual field loss had a 18% (HR=1.18, 95% CI=0.92–1.52) and 59% (HR=1.59, 95% CI=1.24–2.03) greater risk of nonspine, nonhip fractures than women without BVF loss.CONCLUSION: BVF loss is independently associated with hip and nonspine, nonhip fractures in older female volunteers.
Interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha gene polymorphisms in Turkish patients with allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Ertam Ilgen , Itirli Gulcin , Onay Huseyin , Alper Sibel , Ozkinay Ferda 
Published: August 2009

Background: It has been shown that the family of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1 RA) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα) genes are polymorphic and related to some inflammatory diseases. Allergic contact dermatitis is the classic presentation of delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses to exogenous agents. A number of genes playing role in inflammatory response may be associated with allergic contact dermatitis.Objectives: To investigate whether there is an association between IL‐1RA and TNFα gene polymorphisms and allergic contact dermatitis in Turkish patients with allergic contact dermatitis.Methods: This study was performed by the collaboration of Departments of Dermatology and Medical Genetics, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine. A total of 50 patients (31 females and 19 males) with allergic contact dermatitis, and 100 age‐ and sex‐matched controls (58 females and 42 males) were included in the study. IL‐1RA Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in intron 2 and TNFα‐308G‐A polymorphism were genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoresis.Results: The frequency of IL‐1RA 1/2 (48%) genotype was significantly higher (P = 0.002) in patient group than that is found in control group (22%). The frequency of TNFα (TNF G‐308A) G/G genotype was significantly higher in patient group (68%) than that is found in control group (31%) (P = 0.008).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that TNFα (G/G) gene polymorphism may play role in susceptibility to allergic contact dermatitis in Turkish patients.
Intraepidermal and dermal Merkel cell carcinoma with squamous cell carcinoma in situ: a case report with review of literature
Authors: Sirikanjanapong Sasis , Melamed Jonathan , Patel Rishi R 
Published: August 2009

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare aggressive primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, occurs on sun‐damaged skin, especially in the elderly. Its unique co‐expression of cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and neuroendocrine markers, including neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), is diagnostic. Most MCCs are located in the dermis, rarely has an intraepidermal component been reported. We report a case of MCC with an intraepidermal component admixed with squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS). We were able to identify the differences in the immunohistochemical expression pattern between that of the intraepidermal and the dermal components. Most intraepidermal neoplastic cells of MCC in this case showed a less intense immunoreactivity to CK20 and NSE compared to that of dermal neoplastic cells. This case reports an unusual occurrence of combined SCC and MCC that shows both intraepidermal and dermal components.Sirikanjanapong S, Melamed J, Patel R. Intraepidermal and dermal Merkel cell carcinoma with squamous cell carcinoma in situ: a case report and review of literature.
Multiple cutaneous monoclonal B‐cell proliferations as harbingers of systemic angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Bayerl Michael G. , Hennessy Jeannie , Ehmann William Christopher , Bagg Adam , Rosamilia Lorraine , Clarke Loren E. 
Published: August 2009

We describe a 66‐year‐old man initially diagnosed with primary cutaneous marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma who developed four additional monoclonal/monotypic B‐cell lymphoid proliferations and a systemic angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma over the course of 19 months. Through retrospective analysis, we identified the evolution of a T‐cell clone within the background of clinically and pathologically dominant cutaneous B‐cell tumors. In terms of clinical practice, this case supports that patients diagnosed with multiple clonal B‐cell proliferation need thorough investigation and close clinical follow up to identify a coexistent or evolving systemic lymphoma, in particular, peripheral T‐cell lymphomas of follicular T‐helper cell type, such as angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma. Biologically, this case offers unique insight into the interactions between B‐cell and T‐cell lineages in lymphoid neoplasia.Bayerl MG, Hennessy J, Ehmann WC, Bagg A, Rosamilia L, Clarke LE. Multiple cutaneous monoclonal B‐cell proliferations as harbingers of systemic angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma.
Human platelet alloantigens (HPA) 1, HPA2, HPA3, HPA4, and HPA5 polymorphisms in sickle cell anemia patients with vaso‐occlusive crisis
Authors: Al‐Subaie Abeer M. , Fawaz Naglaa A. , Mahdi Najat , Al‐Absi Iman K. , Al‐Ola Khadija , Ameen Ghada , Almawi Wassim Y. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives:  Vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients. Insofar as polymorphism in human platelet alloantigen (HPA) exhibit a prothrombotic nature, we hypothesized that specific HPA polymorphic variants are associated with VOC. We investigated the distribution of HPA1, HPA2, HPA3, HPA4, and HPA5 alleles genotypes among VOC and non‐VOC control SCA patients.Patients/methods:  This was a case–control study. Study subjects comprised SCA patients with (VOC group; n = 127) or without (Steady‐state group; n = 130) VOC events. HPA genotyping was done by PCR‐SSP.Results:  Significantly higher frequencies of HPA‐2b, HPA‐3b, and HPA‐5b alleles, and marked enrichment of HPA‐3b/3b, HPA‐5a/5b, and HPA‐5b/5b genotypes, were seen in VOC than in control SCA patients. Taking homozygous wild‐type genotypes as reference, univariate analysis identified HPA‐3a/3b, HPA‐3b/3b, and HPA‐5b/5b to be associated with VOC. Multivariate analysis confirmed the independent association of only HPA‐3a/3b and HPA‐3b/3b genotypes with VOC. HPA‐3 genotypes were significantly correlated with VOC frequency, type, and medication, and requirement for hospitalization. While both HPA 3a/3b (P = 0.002; OR = 2.94; 95% CI = 1.49–5.77) and 3b/3b (P = 0.006; OR = 3.16; 95% CI = 1.40–7.17) genotypes were associated with need for hospitalization, only HPA‐3b/3b was associated with VOC frequency, type (localized vs. generalized), and medication (narcotics vs. NSAIDs).Conclusion:  This confirms the association of HPA polymorphisms with SCA VOC, of which HPA‐3 appears to be independent genetic risk factors for SCA VOC.
Association of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 with adipocyte number, insulin resistance and liver function markers
Authors: Bose Tanushree , Alvarenga Juan Carlos Lopez , Tejero M. Elizabeth , Voruganti V. Saroja , Proffitt J. Michael , Freeland‐Graves Jeanne H. , Cole Shelley A. , Comuzzie Anthony G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground  Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) is an inflammatory chemokine known to induce adipocyte dedifferentiation and insulin resistance. Inflammation, insulin resistance, and obesity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods  Fasting plasma from 43 baboons were assayed for MCP‐1, insulin, glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Adipocyte number and volume were measured via biopsies of omental adipose tissue. The homeostatic model assessment method (HOMA) was used to estimate systemic insulin resistance.Results  Sex and age adjusted correlations were significant for MCP‐1 with adipocyte number (r = −0.42; P = 0.01), adipocyte volume (r = 0.38; P = 0.02), HOMA (r = 0.45; P = 0.004), ALT (r = 0.46; P = 0.03) and AST (r = 0.45; P = 0.03).Conclusions  These results suggest that MCP‐1 is related with adipocyte dedifferentiation and systemic insulin resistance, thereby potentially contributing to the development of NAFLD.
DETERMINATION OF ORTHO‐NASAL AROMA THRESHOLD FOR MULTICOLORED ASIAN LADY BEETLE IN A CONCORD GRAPE JUICE
Authors: ROSS CAROLYN , FERGUSON HOLLY , KELLER MARKUS , WALSH DOUG , WELLER KAREN , SPAYD SARA 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT Sensory evaluation was used to determine the aroma threshold of Harmonia axyridis (multicolored Asian lady beetle [MALB]) in Concord grape juice. Prior to Concord grape juice preparation, MALB was added to the Concord grapes at concentrations of 0 and 8.4 MALB/kg fresh grapes. To determine the odor threshold, the three alternative forced‐choice method of sample presentation was used, with an ascending concentration series of 0.5, 1.5 and 4.5 MALB/kg fresh grapes. The panel aroma threshold concentration, calculated using the best estimate threshold over two panel sessions, was 1.8 MALB/kg fresh grapes. Individual detection thresholds ranged from 0.29 to 7.79 MALB/kg fresh grapes, with 75% of the panelists having a detection threshold at or below 0.87 MALB/kg fresh grapes. These results indicate the influence of low numbers of MALB on Concord grape juice aroma, and suggest the importance of quality control programs, including the implementation of established tolerance limits, to monitor grape quality.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Harmonia axyridis, the multicolored Asian Ladybeetle (MALB), was originally introduced as a method of biocontrol. However, its presence is now becoming problematic with respect to crop quality. In order to minimize economic losses to the Concord grape industry, determination of the number of MALB required to produce a detectable change in Concord grape juice is critical for juice producers in the establishment of their quality control programs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the aroma threshold level of MALB in Concord grape juice. The panel aroma threshold concentration, calculated using the best estimate threshold was 1.8 MALB/kg fresh grapes, with 75% of the panelists having a detection threshold at or below 0.87 MALB/kg fresh grapes. These results indicate the influence of low numbers of MALB on Concord grape juice aroma, and suggest the importance of quality control programs, including the implementation of established tolerance limits, to monitor grape quality.
TOTAL QUALITY INDEXES FOR EXTRA‐VIRGIN OLIVE OILS
Authors: FINOTTI ENRICO , BERSANI ALBERTO M. , BERSANI ENRICO 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT In this article, we propose a new and functional mathematical index, able to describe and compare the nutritional, safety and process quality in extra‐virgin olive oil, introducing a definition of “optimal” oil, through the use of appropriate distances in a N‐dimensional parameter space. Our index does not pretend to be the unique answer to the need of a “quality index,” but it presents a way through which we can establish if an extra‐virgin olive oil can be considered of high, medium or low quality. The main goal of our index is to link oil chemical quality to its commercial price; furthermore, it can be, in perspective, useful to detect the critical points (such as harvest time, drupe storage, processes and finally oil storage) during all the production chain, and to show how to increase nutritional, safety and technological quality. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe index could be mainly helpful for consumers because the only indication that they can use today, in order to operate a choice, is in general the price of the oil, which is not necessarily related to its quality. In fact, it is possible to relate our index to the oil price. This tool can also be addressed to producers, to help them to detect the critical points along the whole food production chain and eventually operate the needed corrections to obtain a high‐quality extra‐virgin olive oil, as stated in the Discussion.
VISCOSITY AND QUALITY OF TOMATO JUICE AS AFFECTED BY PROCESSING METHODS
Authors: KAUR CHARANJIT , GEORGE BINOY , DEEPA N. , JAGGI SEEMA , KAPOOR H.C. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT Quality and viscosity of tomato juice is strongly governed by mechanical and thermal abuse during processing. The effect of processing and storage duration on the viscosity and quality parameters of tomato juice was evaluated in the present work. Tomato juice was obtained by two different methods, normal method (NM) and variable method (VM), and was heated by both conventional and microwave hot break treatments. Tomato juice was evaluated for various quality characteristics including precipitate weight ratio, degree of serum separation (DOSS), Brookfield viscosity, lycopene levels, vitamin C, phenols and antioxidant activity. Changes observed in several quality parameters during storage were statistically insignificant. The methods and processing had the greatest contribution toward viscosity, whereas storage duration had no significant effects. Viscosity parameters viz precipitate weight, DOSS and Bostwick consistency revealed that juice processed by VM was more viscous than that of NM, irrespective of the hot break processing used. Ascorbic acid and lycopene content varied significantly with mechanical methods and processing conditions. However, phenolic content and antioxidant activity remained stable. The variable process represents an improvement over the conventional by enabling tomato processors to improve the consistency of the tomato product.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSQuartering or slicing tomatoes followed by hot break processing techniques can significantly improve the quality of tomato juice in terms of reduced degree of serum separation and precipitate weight ratio. The modified technology could be considered as a viable and economical method for small‐ and medium‐scale tomato processors with limited resources and facilities at their disposal.
SEQUENTIAL TREATMENTS OF HOT WATER AND MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING IN CHERRY TOMATOES
Authors: AKBUDAK BULENT , AKBUDAK NURAY , SENIZ VEDAT , ERIS ATILLA 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT The effects of hot water treatment (HWT) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the storage and fruit quality of cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cvs. “Alona” and “Naomi”) were investigated. For this purpose, light‐red cherry tomato fruits were dipped in hot water (54C for 5 min) and subsequently stored in plastic film materials with various O2 and CO2 permeabilities. The cultivars used in the study were stored in a cold room at 5–7C and 90 ± 5% relative humidity (RH). The changing gas composition within the films and quality changes of the fruits were evaluated during the storage period. At the end of the study, HWT combined with MAP produced better results than MAP alone in both cultivars. Therefore, the HWT + MAP treatment proved effective with regard to fruit quality and delaying the maturity of cherry tomatoes during storage. HWT + 50 micropolyethylene (μPE) treatment produced the best result in the two cultivars at the end of the 28‐day storage with respect to the parameters evaluated in the study.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSTomato is considered a climacteric fruit, in which ripening is accompanied by a peak in respiration and a concomitant sharp increase in ethylene production, which accelerates quality loss through the physicochemical changes related to this process, such as softening and color evolution. Postharvest heating is a noncontaminating physical treatment that delays the ripening process, reduces chilling injury and controls the activity of pathogens. Because of these beneficial effects, heat treatments are currently used commercially for quality control of fresh products. Modified atmosphere packaging is another technique that has been used to prevent or retard postharvest fruit ripening and its associated biochemical and physiological changes by favorably altering the O2 and CO2 levels around the products. In recent years, the use of combined techniques in the postharvest handling of fresh products is increasing, and numerous authors have obtained good results using a combined treatment. Diseases have the potential to destroy the market value and utility of large amounts of fresh tomato annually. The present work evaluated a prestorage conditioning treatment to protect against these losses. The results will allow the long storage of cherry tomato, benefiting the growers, exporters, shippers and distributors of this horticultural product.
EQUISWEET MILK CHOCOLATES WITH INTENSE SWEETENERS USING TIME‐INTENSITY METHOD
Authors: DE MELO LAURO LUÍS MARTINS MEDEIROS , BOLINI HELENA MARIA ANDRÉ , EFRAIM PRISCILLA 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACT Five conventional chocolates were produced with different sucrose concentrations (from 40 to 52%) in order to determine ideal sweetness by acceptance test, and it was found that 43% sucrose milk chocolate has the ideal sweetness. Sucrose was replaced by bulking agents and sucralose or stevioside in order to prepare diabetic chocolates and 11 selected and trained judges determined the temporal characteristic of sweetness of these milk chocolates. Sucralose is 700 times sweeter than sucrose in this product, and stevioside, 200 times. Considering these potencies, they presented a time‐intensity profile similar to chocolate with sucrose (i.e., conventional chocolate) and ideal sweetness. There is no significant difference between diabetic and conventional chocolates concerning the following physicochemical analyses: moisture content, medium particle size and Casson yield value. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe time‐intensity method is becoming a useful tool because it makes it possible to compare perception over time of sucrose sweetness with that of other sweeteners. The key point of this study is to consider temporal sweetness characteristics to produce equisweet diabetic milk chocolates. The sensory analysis time‐intensity method probably is a tool to obtain diabetic (i.e., with no sugar) chocolates that present a sweetness temporal profile as near as possible to conventional milk chocolate. This is a first step to produce diabetic chocolate with the same acceptance as conventional chocolate.