bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community mental health nurses' perspectives of recovery‐oriented practice
Authors: GALE J. , MARSHALL‐LUCETTE S. 
Published: October 2011

Accessible summary
Recovery‐oriented practice, an approach aligned towards the service user perspective, has dominated the mental health care arena.
Numerous studies have explored service users' accounts of the purpose, meaning and importance of ‘recovery’.
Twenty‐three community mental health nurses completed a selfefficacy questionnaire and 28 course documents were analysed.
The findings suggest a gap in the nurses' perceived ability and confidence in recovery‐oriented practice with what is taught academically.
AbstractRecovery‐oriented practice, an approach aligned towards the service user perspective, has dominated the mental health care arena. Numerous studies have explored service users' accounts of the purpose, meaning and importance of ‘recovery’; however, far less is known about healthcare staff confidence in its application to care delivery. A self‐efficacy questionnaire and content analysis of nursing course documents were used to investigate a cohort of community mental health nurses' recovery‐oriented practice and to determine the extent to which the current continuing professional development curriculum met their educational needs in this regard. Twenty‐three community mental health nurses completed a self‐efficacy questionnaire and 28 course documents were analysed. The findings revealed high levels of nurses' confidence in their understanding and ability to apply the recovery model and low levels of confidence were found in areas of social inclusion. The content analysis found only one course document that used the whole term ‘recovery model’. The findings suggest a gap in the nurses' perceived ability and confidence in recovery‐oriented practice with what is taught academically. Hence, nursing education needs to be more explicitly focused on the recovery model and its application to care delivery.
Patient dignity in psychiatric nursing practice
Authors: LINDWALL L. , BOUSSAID L. , KULZER S. , WIGERBLAD Å. 
Published: October 2011

Accessible summary
Dignity is a concept that relates to health and mental health care. Dignity is also related to human rights.
In psychiatric nursing practice, caregivers want to promote good and safe care, and take their ethical responsibility to safeguard the patient's dignity in caring situations. Dignity may emerge when the will and courage to be there for someone else is allowed to permeate the caring acts.
There are situations where a patient's dignity is offended in psychiatric nursing practice.
Where value conflict exists, these may lead to conflict in the human being and result in guilt and shame for the caregivers.
AbstractProfessional nurses have an ethical responsibility to protect and preserve the patients' dignity. The aim of this study was to describe how nurses experienced incidents relating to patients' dignity in a psychiatric nursing practice. A hermeneutic approach was used and data were collected using the critical incident technique. Data included 77 written critical incidents, which were interpreted by using a hermeneutic text interpretation. The findings show preserved dignity – caregivers have the courage to be present, and offended dignity – caregivers create powerlessness taken away by the patient. These findings show that patients' dignity in a psychiatric nursing practice can be preserved when caregivers act on their ethical responsibility. When patients' dignity is offended, the caregiver has become an inner value conflict, something they have been a part of against their own will.
Structure of the Cochliobolus sativus population variability
Authors: Leisova‐Svobodova L. , Minarikova V. , Kucera L. , Pereyra S. A. 
Published: October 2011

The genetic diversity of several local populations of the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus sativus, collected over 3 years from different regions of the Czech Republic, was examined using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A high level of variability was found even among isolates from one lesion. Measures of multilocus linkage disequilibrium suggested that recombination has a minor impact on the genetic structure of populations. Cochliobolus sativus forms genetically divergent populations (FST = 0·33), indicating a low level of geneflow between populations. This was supported by a significant correlation between genetic diversity and geographical distances up to 80–100 km. The most likely explanation for the genetic variability is that the fungus forms conidia with highly variable chromosomal rearrangements. The differentiation observed among local populations implies that genetic drift, including a founder effect, combined with restricted migration generates the structure of C. sativus populations.
Outcome of living kidney donors left with multiple renal arteries
Authors: Rizzari Michael D. , Suszynski Thomas M. , Gillingham Kristen J. , Matas Arthur J. , Ibrahim Hassan N. 
Published: October 2011

Rizzari MD, Suszynski TM, Gillingham KJ, Matas AJ, Ibrahim HN. Outcome of living kidney donors left with multiple renal arteries.  Clin Transplant 2012: 26: E7–E11.  © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Individuals with kidneys having ≥2 arteries appear to have an increased incidence of hypertension. Whether kidney donors in whom the remaining kidney has ≥2 arteries are at increased risk of hypertension is unknown. Therefore, we studied 3685 kidney donors to determine whether donors left with a kidney having ≥2 arteries were at increased risk of hypertension, impaired renal function, or death. Cohorts were assigned based on our practice pattern and the anatomy of the donated kidney. Of the 3685 donors, 1211 were estimated to have a remaining kidney with ≥2 arteries. Mean follow‐up time for the single‐artery group was 14.1 (±11.0) yr and 15.3 (±11.2) yr for the ≥2 artery group. Six‐month hospital readmission rate was 1.4% and 1.2%, hypertension was noted in 22.4% and 21.8% and proteinuria in 9.7% and 9.6%, and estimated glomerular filtration rate at last follow‐up was 62 (±28) and 62 (±16) for single vs. ≥2 renal artery groups, respectively. Our data suggest no adverse clinical sequelae nor any decrease in long‐term survival for donors left with a kidney having ≥2 renal arteries.
Jack of all trades masters novel host plants: positive genetic correlations in specialist and generalist insect herbivores expanding their diets to novel hosts
Authors: GARCÍA‐ROBLEDO C. , HORVITZ C. C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOne explanation for the widespread host specialization of insect herbivores is the ‘Jack of all trades‐master of none’ principle, which states that genotypes with high performance on one host will perform poorly on other hosts. This principle predicts that cross‐host correlation in performance of genotypes will be negative. In this study, we experimentally explored cross‐host correlations and performance among families in four species (two generalist and two specialist) of leaf beetles (Cephaloleiaspp.) that are currently expanding their diets from native to exotic plants. All four species displayed similar responses in body size, developmental rates and mortality rates to experimentally controlled diets. When raised on novel hosts, body size of larvae, pupae and adults were reduced. Development times were longer, and larval mortality was higher on novel hosts. Genotype × host–plant interactions were not detected for most traits. All significant cross‐host correlations were positive. These results indicate very different ecological and evolutionary dynamics than those predicted by the ‘Jack of all trades‐master of none’ principle.
Effect of Downed Woody Debris on Small Mammal Anti‐Predator Behavior
Authors: Hinkelman Travis M. , Orrock John L. , Loeb Susan C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAnti‐predator behavior can affect prey growth, reproduction, survival, and generate emergent effects in food webs. Small mammals often lower the cost of predation by altering their behavior in response to shrubs, but the importance of other microhabitat features, such as downed woody debris, for anti‐predator behavior is unknown. We used giving‐up densities to quantify the degree to which downed woody debris alters perceived predation risk by small mammals in southeastern pine forests. We placed 14 foraging trays next to large downed woody debris, shrubs, and in open areas for 12 consecutive nights. Moon illumination, a common indicator of predation risk, led to a similar reduction in small mammal foraging in all three microhabitats (open, downed woody debris, and shrub). Small mammals perceived open microhabitats as riskier than shrub microhabitats, with downed woody debris habitats perceived as being of intermediate risk between shrub and open microhabitats. Despite the presumed benefits of the protective cover of downed woody debris, small mammals may perceive downed woody debris as a relatively risky foraging site in southeastern pine forests where the high diversity and abundance of rodent‐eating snakes may provide a primary predatory threat.
Characterizing Submergence Survival Strategy in Rice Via Chlorophyll Fluorescence
Authors: Sone C. , Ito O. , Sakagami J.‐I. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRice plants cope with flash floods using either an ‘escape strategy’ involving rapid shoot elongation or a ‘quiescence strategy’ involving survival underwater with minimal activity. To clarify the differences in the response of leaf photosynthesis properties to conditions during and after submergence, two rice cultivars were compared: a non‐shoot‐elongating cultivar IR 67520‐B‐14‐1‐3‐2‐2 (IR67520) and a shoot‐elongating cultivar IR72442‐6B‐3‐2‐1‐1 (IR72442). Twenty‐three‐day‐old seedlings were submerged in 80‐cm‐deep water for 14 days. During submergence, the chlorophyll contents of the upper fully expanded leaf (5th leaf) and newly developed leaf later (6th leaf) and the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of the fifth leaf decreased earlier in IR72442 than in IR67520. In the submerged sixth leaf, Fv/Fm was higher in IR72442 than in IR67520 at early measurement. Although Fv/Fm of the sixth leaf in submerged IR67520 increased substantially from 2 days post‐submergence, IR72442 decreased because of leaf chlorosis. Therefore, a non‐shoot‐elongating cultivar coped with submergence by inhibiting photodamage and maintaining high chlorophyll content in the leaves. The shoot‐elongating cultivar was able to maintain the photosynthetic capacity of the newly developed leaf during submergence by prompt reduction of chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaf that developed before submergence.
Quantitative genetic parameters for selection of biomass yield in hybrid rye
Authors: Miedaner Thomas , Koch Silvia , Seggl Andreas , Schmiedchen Brigitta , Wilde Peer 
Published: October 2011

With 2 figure and 6 tablesAbstractWinter rye is an attractive crop as substrate for biogas production. We aimed to estimate quantitative genetic parameters for biomass yield in elite hybrid materials. About 380 testcross progeny incorporating intrapool crosses and interpool hybrids were analysed in six experiments across each of three to four locations. Mean values of biomass yield on a 100% dry matter basis ranged between 152 and 160 dt/ha, and the best entries had 175 dt/ha across locations. Genotypic variances for biomass yield were significant (P < 0.01) in all experiments being higher for interpool hybrids. Genotype × location interaction variances were significant and, in most instances, of similar size than genotypic variances. Estimates of entry‐mean heritability were moderate. Correlations among traits were highly varying with experiments. Consistently, significant genotypic correlations with biomass yield were found for plant height (0.4–0.9) and early growth (0.2–0.8). In conclusion, broad genetic variation for biomass yield already existing in elite hybrid materials should stimulate selection for this newly adopted trait.
ULTRATHIN ENDOSCOPY FOR GASTROINTESTINAL STRICTURES
Authors: AYDINLI MUSA , KORUK IRFAN , DAG M SAIT , SAVAS M CEMIL , KADAYIFCI ABDURRAHMAN 
Published: October 2011

Background and Aim:  The assessment and treatment of advanced gastrointestinal (GI) strictures, which are defined as the inability to pass through the strictured segment with standard endoscopes, might require radiological work‐up, repeated endoscopies and surgery. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of ultrathin endoscopy (UTE) for the evaluation and treatment of advanced GI strictures.Methods:  Patients in whom an initial diagnostic upper or lower endoscopy attempt was incomplete because of a tight stricture underwent a second procedure with a UTE (5.9 mm diameter) in the same session. An interventional endoscopic therapy was also carried out according to the etiology and nature of the stricture using the same UTE. Diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes were recorded and followed up prospectively. The study was conducted in a tertiary endoscopy center.Results:  During a one and half year study period, 62 patients (51 at upper and 11 at lower endoscopy) were detected with advanced GI stricture among 8456 diagnostic upper and 3815 lower endoscopy patients. A complete endoscopic examination was successful with UTE in 40 (78%) patients with upper and in nine patients (82%) with lower GI strictures. An interventional procedure was also carried out in 16 patients with the assistance of UTE.Conclusion:  UTE is a useful tool for the evaluation of patients with advanced GI strictures. It provides a complete diagnostic endoscopy in most patients and gives an opportunity for therapeutic endoscopic procedures.
Pre‐market approval and post‐market direct‐to‐consumer advertising of medical devices in Australia: a case study of breast cancer screening and diagnostic devices
Authors: Vreugdenburg T. D. , Willis C. D. , Mundy L. , Hiller J. E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWhile research investigating direct‐to‐consumer advertising of therapeutic goods in Australia has historically focused on prescription medicines, recent action taken by regulators against companies promoting medical devices has placed the industry into the spotlight. Despite the need to effectively regulate direct‐to‐consumer advertising of medical devices due to its potential harms, inadequacies in the current regulatory system have been noted. Under the present system, devices with a questionable evidence base may enter the Australian marketplace without an evaluation of their effectiveness, and regulators are reliant on industry self‐regulation and consumer complaints to draw attention to cases of advertising misconduct. Although some successes in the present system have been observed, we argue that the outlined inadequacies continue to enable the promotion of medical devices to consumers without thorough or sufficient examination of evidence.
Immunophenotypic analysis of erythroid dysplasia and its diagnostic application in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Xu F. , Wu L. , He Q. , Zhang Z. , Chang C. , Li X. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground/Aim: Abnormal immunophenotypes of haematopoietic cells in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have been identified by flow cytometry (FCM) as a typical characteristic of myeloid dysplasia. Considering that most MDS patients show varying degrees of erythroid dysplasia, we analysed the immunophenotypic feature of erythroblasts to evaluate its diagnostic application in MDS.Methods: Erythroid antigens CD71 and CD105 expression were analysed using FCM. The development index (DI) acquired by log transformation of the CD71/CD105 expression ratio was used to denote the erythroid maturation and distinguish patients with non‐clonal cytopenias from low‐risk MDS. The diagnostic quality of DI in distinguishing MDS from non‐clonal cytopenia patients was evaluated using the receiver–operator characteristic (ROC) curve.Results: Under‐expression of CD71 and over‐expression of CD105 were detected in erythroblasts of MDS patients compared with non‐clonal cytopenias. The diagnostic test showed good diagnostic power that the area under the ROC curve was greater than 0.9. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 75.6% and 92.3%, respectively, according to the DI threshold defined by the ROC curve in low‐risk MDS patients with normal karyotypes. Moreover, the DI showed a positive correlation with the haemoglobin level, and the MDS patients with lower DI usually showed frequent red cell transfusion. The patients with a lower DI generally had the HLA‐DR15 allele or marrow hypocellularity.Conclusion: Developmental defects and immune‐associated factors may contribute to the erythroid dysplasia. The DI derived from ratios of CD71 and CD105 expression is a useful marker to characterise dyserythropioiesis associated with MDS and can be helpful in distinguishing it from dyerythropoiesis associated with non‐clonal disorders.
Socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and clinical variables associated with root caries in a group of persons age 60 years and older in Mexico
Authors: Islas‐Granillo Horacio , Borges‐Yañez Socorro A , Medina‐Solís Carlo E , Casanova‐Rosado Alejandro J , Minaya‐Sánchez Mirna , Villalobos Rodelo Juan J , Maupomé Gerardo 
Published: October 2011

Aim:  To determine the prevalence of root caries and the root caries index in a population of older Mexicans, and its relationship to socioeconomic, sociodemographic and dental factors.Methods:  We carried out a cross‐sectional study in 85 persons 60 years and older living either in long‐term care facilities, or independently and attending an elder day‐care group. Each subject underwent an oral examination, performed by a trained and standardized dentist, to determine the root caries index and other clinical variables. Questionnaires were administered to collect socioeconomic, sociodemographic and hygiene data. Statistical analyses were performed using non‐parametric tests.Results:  The prevalence of root caries was 96.5%. The root caries index was 37.7% ± 21.7%. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) of root caries index were observed across residential arrangements and marital statuses, and were higher in publicly funded long‐term care and among single subjects (P < 0.05). Those who had poor hygiene had more root caries (P < 0.05); persons with a low level of schooling and who brushed their teeth less frequently also showed a difference (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  The prevalence of root caries was very high. The type of long‐term care, marital status, schooling and oral hygiene were associated with a higher root caries index. Oral health programs and preventive caries interventions are needed for this age group in general; targeted strategies may be better focused if sociodemographic profiles are used to characterize high need groups. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 271–276.
Protein glycosylation as an adaptive response in Archaea: growth at different salt concentrations leads to alterations in Haloferax volcanii S‐layer glycoprotein N‐glycosylation
Authors: Guan Ziqiang , Naparstek Shai , Calo Doron , Eichler Jerry 
Published: October 2011

SummaryTo cope with life in hypersaline environments, halophilic archaeal proteins are enriched in acidic amino acids. This strategy does not, however, offer a response to transient changes in salinity, as would post‐translational modifications. To test this hypothesis, N‐glycosylation of the Haloferax volcanii S‐layer glycoprotein was compared in cells grown in high (3.4 M NaCl) and low (1.75 M NaCl) salt, as was the glycan bound to dolichol phosphate, the lipid upon which the N‐linked glycan is assembled. In high salt, S‐layer glycoprotein Asn‐13 and Asn‐83 are modified by a pentasaccharide, while dolichol phosphate is modified by a tetrasaccharide comprising the first four pentasaccharide residues. When the same targets were considered from cells grown in low salt, substantially less pentasaccharide was detected. At the same time, cells grown at low salinity contain dolichol phosphate modified by a distinct tetrasaccharide absent in cells grown at high salinity. The same tetrasaccharide modified S‐layer glycoprotein Asn‐498 in cells grown in low salt, whereas no glycan decorated this residue in cells grown in the high‐salt medium. Thus, in response to changes in environmental salinity, Hfx. volcanii not only modulates the N‐linked glycans decorating the S‐layer glycoprotein but also the sites of such post‐translational modification.
Impact of increased visceral and cardiac fat on cardiometabolic risk and disease
Authors: Sironi A. M. , Petz R. , De Marchi D. , Buzzigoli E. , Ciociaro D. , Positano V. , Lombardi M. , Ferrannini E. , Gastaldelli A. 
Published: October 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 622–627 (2012)AbstractObjective  Previous studies have highlighted the associations between abdominal, cardiac or total fat accumulation and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different ectopic fat depots on measurements of metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk.Methods  Using magnetic resonance imaging in 113 subjects, we measured abdominal (visceral and subcutaneous) and cardiac (epicardial and extra‐pericardial) fat depots and examined their association with overall (BMI) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference), dyslipidaemia (triglycerides, total and HDL cholesterol), glucose tolerance (by an oral glucose tolerance test) and insulin sensitivity, blood pressure and 10‐year coronary heart disease risk by Framingham score.Results  Fat accumulation was proportional to the degree of obesity, with body fat ranging from 14 to 33 kg, visceral fat from 0.8 to 1.8 kg and cardiac fat from 134 to 236 g. Most cardiac fat (70% on average) was extra‐pericardial, with a wide variability for both cardiac depots (epicardial: 172–2008 mm2; extra‐pericardial: 100–5056 mm2). Only visceral and extra‐pericardial fat, but not epicardial or subcutaneous fat, could discriminate between subjects with three or more factors of the metabolic syndrome or medium‐to‐high coronary heart disease risk score. Controlling for gender and BMI by multivariable analysis, the best marker of reduced insulin sensitivity was visceral fat (partial r = −0.35); extra‐pericardial fat was the closest associate of increased blood pressure (partial r = 0.26) and both extra‐pericardial and visceral fat clustered with hypertriglyceridaemia (partial r = 0.29 and 0.24; both P < 0.02).Conclusion  Increased epicardial fat per se does not necessarily translate into presence or prediction of disease. In contrast, increased deposition of visceral abdominal and extra‐pericardial mediastinal fat are both associated with an enhanced cardiovascular disease risk profile.