bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Central Nervous System Periostin in Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Shimamura Munehisa , Taniyama Yoshiaki , Katsuragi Naruto , Koibuchi Nobutaka , Kyutoku Mariko , Sato Naoyuki , Allahtavakoli Mohammad , Wakayama Kouji , Nakagami Hironori , Morishita Ryuichi 
Published: February 2012

Background and Purpose—
Although periostin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, plays pivotal roles in survival, migration, and regeneration in various cells, its expression and function in the brain are still unknown. Here, we investigated the expression and role of periostin in the ischemic brain.

Methods—
Expression of full-length periostin (periostin 1 [Pn1]) and its splicing variant lacking exon 17 (periostin 2 [Pn2]) was examined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining in male C57BL6/J mice. The actions of periostin were examined in adult primary neuronal culture and in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo) model.

Results—
Expression of Pn2, but not of Pn1, mRNA was markedly changed after tMCAo. Pn2 mRNA was decreased in the ischemic core at 3 hours after ischemia. At 24 hours, Pn2 mRNA was significantly increased in both the peri-ischemic and ischemic regions. Periostin was mainly observed in neurons in normal brain. However, neuronal expression of periostin was decreased temporarily in the ischemic region, but increased in astrocytes and around endothelial cells at 24 hours after tMCAo. Of importance, intracerebroventricular injection of Pn2 resulted in a significant reduction in infarct volume at 24 hours after tMCAo associated with phosphorylation of Akt. Also, the Pn2-treated mice survived longer until 1 week after tMCAo. Pn2 significantly inhibited neuronal death under hypoxia and stimulated neurite outgrowth.

Conclusions—
Here, we demonstrated that periostin was expressed in the brain, and exogenous Pn2 exhibited neuroprotective effects and accelerated neurite outgrowth. Additional studies on periostin may provide new insights into the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Valid Items for Screening Dysphagia Risk in Patients With Stroke
Authors: Daniels Stephanie K. , Anderson Jane A. , Willson Pamela C. 
Published: February 2012

Background and Purpose—
Screening for dysphagia is essential to the implementation of preventive therapies for patients with stroke. A systematic review was undertaken to determine the evidence-based validity of dysphagia screening items using instrumental evaluation as the reference standard.

Methods—
Four databases from 1985 through March 2011 were searched using the terms cerebrovascular disease, stroke deglutition disorders, and dysphagia. Eligibility criteria were: homogeneous stroke population, comparison to instrumental examination, clinical examination without equipment, outcome measures of dysphagia or aspiration, and validity of screening items reported or able to be calculated. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were evaluated for methodological rigor. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive capabilities were calculated for each item.

Results—
Total source documents numbered 832; 86 were reviewed in full and 16 met inclusion criteria. Study quality was variable. Testing swallowing, generally with water, was the most commonly administered item across studies. Both swallowing and nonswallowing items were identified as predictive of aspiration. Neither swallowing protocols nor validity were consistent across studies.

Conclusions—
Numerous behaviors were found to be associated with aspiration. The best combination of nonswallowing and swallowing items as well as the best swallowing protocol remains unclear. Findings of this review will assist in development of valid clinical screening instruments.
Crucifixion as Spectacle in Roman Campania
Authors: Cook John Granger 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Four artifacts from ancient Campania illuminate Roman crucifixion: a notice in Pompeii announcing the execution of some individuals by crucifixion in Cumae during a gladiatorial spectacle; the lex Puteolana which regulated both the crucifixion at private expense of slaves and public crucifixions in that town; the lex Cumana which probably regulated crucifixion there; and a graffito in a taberna of Puteoli that appears to be the oldest surviving Roman portrayal of crucifixion in existence. This evidence provides those in the guild of New Testament studies with additional tools for understanding the scandalous nature of Paul’s gospel of the crucified Christ.
“The Same Fate Is in Store for the Righteous and the Wicked:” Form and Content in Midreshei Aggadah
Authors: Atzmon Arnon 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Over the years, scholars have adopted two parallel approaches to studying midrash aggadah. One approach, investigates questions relating to the compilations themselves, and the other approach focuses on the composition of the smaller, nuclear, midrashic units. The petiḥta or proem has been studied extensively by adherents of both approaches. In this paper, I argue that a flexible model is the one most appropriate for describing the petiḥta: a model which simultaneously utilizes both approaches.
In the course of this paper, I studied one derasha, a petiḥta, and its subsequent evolution in several different compositions (Leviticus Rabbah; Tanḥuma Aharei Mot; Tanḥuma Va-Etchanan). By conducting that comparative study of the derasha, I achieved a fuller understanding of it both in terms of the proem as a product of oral discourse and in terms of the proem’s literary redaction within the context of the midrashic compositions. Ultimately, a better understanding of the petiḥta’s formulation and its Sitz im Leben contributes to our understanding of its contents and allows us to reveal the message that either the darshan or the redactor was attempting to convey.
The LXX Myth and the Rise of Textual Fixity
Authors: Borchardt Francis 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
This brief study investigates the desire for a fixed textual form as it pertains to scripture in the Judean tradition. It particularly delves into this phenomenon in three early versions of the Septuagint origin myth. This paper argues that this myth is invaluable for the study of transmission and reception of scripture, as it is one of the earliest testimonies to the desire for a scriptural text to be frozen. By highlighting the ways the author of the Letter of Aristeas, Philo, and Josephus deal with the issue of textual fixity in the origin myth, this study aims to elucidate the range of opinions held by Judeans concerning the process of transmission of their holy books.
Fisheries Regulation in the Maritime Zones of Svalbard
Authors: Molenaar E.J. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The main focus of this article is the regulation of fishing in the maritime zones of Svalbard in light of both the Spitsbergen Treaty and the international law of the sea. It examines the legal positions of Norway, other states and the European Commission/European Union on, inter alia, the spatial scope of the Spitsbergen Treaty and complements this with analyses of relevant (sub-)regional and bilateral fisheries instruments and Norwegian legislation. These analyses illustrate, inter alia, that the practice of many states and entities involved seeks to reconcile legal positions on the spatial scope of the Spitsbergen Treaty with a raft of other interests. The conclusions also devote attention to possible pathways to resolve diverging positions, as well as to the potential for Norway to address the issue of unregulated fisheries in the context of the rapid pace of climate change in the Arctic.
Territorial Sovereignty Issues in Maritime Disputes: A Jurisdictional Dilemma for Law of the Sea Tribunals
Authors: Buga Irina 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
It is unclear whether Law of the Sea tribunals under the Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC, or the Convention) have jurisdiction to determine maritime boundary disputes involving concurrent land sovereignty issues. The text of the Convention and case law are silent in this respect. The only reference is in LOSC Article 298(1)(a)(i), which allows States to make declarations exempting maritime delimitations from compulsory dispute settlement, excluding concurrent territorial questions even from conciliation. However, it leaves unclear whether concurrent land sovereignty issues are also excluded in the absence of such declarations. There are indications that LOS tribunals may be able to decide ancillary land issues so long as these do not constitute the ‘very subject-matter’ of the dispute, or rely on an alternative jurisdictional basis. The question of competence over mixed disputes may be less extensive in effect than is often believed. States should not avoid initiating proceedings based on the view that LOS tribunals might not ultimately exercise jurisdiction.
A Model for Integrated Coastal Management Legislation: A Principled Analysis of New Zealand’s Resource Management Act 1991
Authors: Makgill Robert A. , Rennie Hamish G. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In this article we set out the key components of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) legislation and show how the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) implements ICM in New Zealand. We briefly discuss why ICM is needed and the definition of ICM. We then identify the key tools for delivering ICM, and outline three general components that we consider need to be provided for in any successful legislative framework for ICM, namely: policy goals, legislative provision and decision-making bodies. Next we discuss five specific kinds of tools that we consider an ICM legal framework should make provision for in order to give effect to ICM in decision making. We finish by acknowledging that the ability of ICM to successfully manage intensive use and conflict is not without criticism, and briefly considering these criticisms in light of New Zealand’s experience with the RMA.
What Is So Special About Jus Cogens? – On the Difference between the Ordinary and the Peremptory International Law
Authors: Linderfalk Ulf 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
What, exactly, is it about jus cogens that distinguishes it from ordinary international law? In answering this question, international lawyers usually resort to the “the Legal-Consequences-as-Criterion Theory”: while ordinary international law can be rebutted or modified in accordance with the duly expressed will of states, jus cogens norms permit no derogation and allow modification only by the creation of a new norm having the same character. In the present essay, this theory is subjected to analysis and assessment. Section 2 inquires into the relationship between the Legal-Consequences-as-Criterion Theory and the general definition of jus cogens reflected in Article 53 of the 1969 Vienna Convention. As argued, Article 53 is entirely reliant upon the validity of the Legal-Consequences-as-Criterion Theory. Sections 3 and 4 inquire into the assumptions underlying this same Theory. As argued, the Theory does not provide good reasons for the distinction between jus cogens and ordinary international law.
Phylogenetic analysis of the subgenus Kerteszia of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) based on morphological characters
Authors: COLLUCCI ELIANA 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCollucci, E. & Sallum, M. A. M.: Phylogenetic analysis of the subgenus Kerteszia of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) based on morphological characters. Insect Syst.
Evol. 34: 361-372. Copenhagen, December 2003. ISSN 1399-560X.
A phylogenetic analysis was carried out for 12 species of Anopheles (Kerteszia) Theobald with Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi (Peryassü), An.
(Stethomyia)
kompi Edwards and An. (Lophopodomyia) squamifemur Antunes as outgroup species. Sixty-six characters were coded from the external morphology of the adult male, adult female, fourth-instar larva and pupa, and analyzed under the parsimony criterion using PAUP. The results confirm that Kerteszia, and the clade Kerteszia
+ Nyssorhynchus, are both monophyletic. Bootstrap support was ≥ 50% for all internal nodes, except for the (An. bellator + An.
homunculus) clade which was < 50%. The results of this study allow a confident estimate of the relationships of species within Kerteszia.
Early evolution of a unique structure: a fossil water measurer from Baltic amber (Hemiptera: Gerromorpha: Hydrometridae)
Authors: MLLER ANDERSEN NILS 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAndersen, N. M.: Early evolution of a unique structure: a fossil water measurer from Baltic amber (Hemiptera: Gerromorpha: Hydrometridae). Insect Syst.
Evol.
34: 415-426. Copenhagen, December 2003. ISSN 1399-560X.
Water measurers, genus Hydrometra Latreille (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Hydrometridae) represent a unique morphological type in insects, with their extremely prolonged head and thorax. The fossil record of the family is more extensive than for any other group of semiaquatic bugs (infraorder Gerromorpha), spanning more than 120 Myr of geological history. A new fossil from Baltic amber yields characters that can be used to place it in the extant genus Hydrometra, the most species-rich and widely distributed of all genera of Hydrometridae. The phylogeny of extant and extinct genera is reconstructed and the evolution of the unique head and thorax structure of water measurers is discussed.
Geographie parthenogenesis in the subaptera-group of Phyllodromica (Blattoptera, Blattellidae, Ectobiinae)
Authors: BOHN HORST , KNEBELSBERGER THOMAS 
Published: February 2012

AbstractKnebelsberger, T. & Bohn, H.: Geographic parthenogenesis in the subaptera-group of Phyllodromica (Blattoptera, Blattellidae, Ectobiinae). Insect
Syst.
Evol. 34: 427-452. Copenhagen, December 2003. ISSN 1399-560X.
A new case of obligatory thelytokous parthenogenesis in Blattoptera is reported in the Mediterranean species Phyllodromica
subaptera (Rambur, 1838) (Blattellidae: Ectobiinae). The females of the parthenogenetic and bisexual forms cannot be distinguished by external features; their distribution was studied by analysis of the sex of the offspring and the contents of spermathecae. The parthenogenetic strain is spread over most of the Mediterranean countries, the bisexual forms are restricted to the Iberian peninsula, a distribution which is in keeping with the term "geographic parthenogenesis".
Regional Climate Variability Impacts on the Annual Grape Yield in Mendoza, Argentina
Authors: Agosta Eduardo , Canziani Pablo , Cavagnaro Martín 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMendoza Province is the major Argentinian vitivinicultural region, and its grape production is fundamental for the national vintage. The 1979–2009 climate–annual grape yield relationships are analyzed, and total grape yield is shown to depend significantly on regional “summer” (October–March) precipitation. Precipitation negatively affects yields through plant disease and damage/destruction by hail. At interannual scales, summer regional precipitation variability can explains 25% of the yield variance. Summer precipitation modulates yield with a 6–8-yr period: wet (dry) summers can be associated with larger (smaller) grape damage/loss probability during the summer preceding the vintage, as well as lower (higher) grape yields in the subsequent annual campaign because of bud damage. With respect to monthly mean precipitation at Mendoza Observatory, wetter Novembers/Decembers can lead to lower yields. Hail during the summer of the previous harvest and during December could lower yields. Winter, late spring, and early summer mean maximum temperatures can impact current and subsequent annual yields: warmer (colder) months are linked to enhanced (decreased) yields. These relationships can be associated with circulation and SST conditions in the equatorial and extratropical Pacific Ocean basin and southern South America: SSTs within the southeastern South Pacific are related to western equatorial Pacific SSTs and convection, which modify circulation and water vapor transport over southern South America. Statistical multilinear modeling shows that the observed relationships among yield, precipitation, and temperature can explain at least 60% of the observed interannual yield variability. It is thus possible to quantitatively estimate, some months in advance, the upcoming vintage’s yield.
Radiative–Dynamical Feedbacks in Low Liquid Water Path Stratiform Clouds
Authors: Petters Jonathan L. , Harrington Jerry Y. , Clothiaux Eugene E. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
When stratiform-cloud-integrated radiative flux divergence (heating) is dependent on liquid water path (LWP) and droplet concentration Nd, feedbacks between cloud dynamics and this heating can exist. These feedbacks can be particularly strong for low LWP stratiform clouds, in which cloud-integrated longwave cooling is sensitive to LWP and Nd. Large-eddy simulations reveal that these radiative–dynamical feedbacks can substantially modify low LWP stratiform cloud evolution when Nd is perturbed.
At night, more rapid initial evaporation of the cloud layer occurs when Nd is high, leading to more cloud breaks and lower LWP values that both result in less total cloud longwave cooling. Weakened circulations result from this reduced longwave cooling and entrainment drying is able to counteract cloud growth. When Nd is low, the cloud layer is better maintained because cloud longwave cooling is still relatively strong.
During the day, the addition of shortwave warming leads to reduced LWP for all values of Nd and, consequently, further reduced longwave cooling and weakened circulations. For high Nd, these reductions are such that the cloud layer cannot be maintained. For lower Nd, the reductions are smaller and the cloud layer thins but does not dissipate.
These results suggest that low LWP cloud layers are more tenuous when Nd is high and are more prone to dissipating during the day. Comparison with other studies suggests the modeled low LWP cloud response may be sensitive to the initial thermodynamic profile and model configuration.
Low-Level Easterly Winds Blowing through the Tsugaru Strait, Japan. Part II: Numerical Simulation of the Event on 5–10 June 2003
Authors: Shimada Teruhisa , Sawada Masahiro , Sha Weiming , Kawamura Hiroshi 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
This paper investigates the structures of and diurnal variations in low-level easterly winds blowing through the Tsugaru Strait and Mutsu Bay on 5–10 June 2003 using a numerical weather prediction model. Cool air that accompanies prevailing easterly winds owing to the persistence of the Okhotsk high intrudes into the strait and the bay below 500 m during the nighttime and retreats during the daytime. This cool-air intrusion and retreat induce diurnal variations in the winds in the east inlet of the strait, in Mutsu Bay, and in the west exit of the strait. In the east inlet, a daytime increase in air temperature within the strait produces a large air temperature difference with the inflowing cool air, and the resulting pressure gradient force accelerates the winds. The cool air flowing into Mutsu Bay is heated over land before entering the bay during the daytime. The resulting changes in cool-air depth and in pressure gradient force strengthen the daytime winds. In the west exit, local pressure gradient force perturbations are induced by the air temperature difference between warm air over the Japan Sea and cool air within the strait, and by variations in the depth of low-level cool air. The accelerated winds in the west exit extend southwestward in close to geostrophic balance during the daytime and undergo a slight anticyclonic rotation to westerly during the nighttime owing to the dominance of the Coriolis effect.
Anticoagulation monitoring during extracorporeal circulation with the Hepcon/HMS device
Authors: Noui N , Zogheib E , Walczak K , Werbrouck A , Amar A Ben , Dupont H , Caus T , Remadi JP 
Published: February 2012

Objective: The objective of our study was to compare the standard protocol of anticoagulation to the Hepcon/HMS. Method: This study included forty-four patients who underwent coronary bypass grafting surgery (CABG), or biological aortic valve replacement (AVR). Unfractionated heparin (UH) was used for patients who underwent operations in the control group (n = 22) (300U/Kg of UH with a goal of an ACT of 400s). The heparin was antagonized dose/dose by protamine. For the patients who underwent operations in the HMS group (n = 22), the heparin and protamine doses were assessed by the Hepcon/HMS device. Results: The sex ratio amounted to 1.93 (29 men and 15 women) and the mean age was 70 ± 11 years. The patients in the HMS group had a chest closure time that was significantly shorter than patients in the control group. The times were, respectively, 42 ± 15 minutes and 68 ± 27 minutes (p = 0.001). The protamine/heparin ratio was significantly lower in the HMS group (0.62 ± 0.13 vs. 1 ± 0.11) (p = 0.0001). The postoperative bleeding amounted to 804 ± 729 ml in the HMS group versus 1416 ± 1103 in the control group (p = 0.016). In multivariate linear regression analysis, only two independent factors were significantly associated with bleeding: the Hepcon/HMS (OR = 0.1-p = 0.03) and the preoperative hemoglobin rate (OR = 1.4 - p = 0.05). Postoperatively, within 72 hours, the red blood cell transfusion was 1.04 ± 1.5 units for the HMS group and 2.1 ± 1.87 units for the control group (p = 0.05). Conclusion: During cardiac surgery under CPB, heparin and protamine titration with the Hepcon/HMS device could predict a lower protamine dose and lower postoperative bleeding without higher thromboembolic events, and lower perioperative red blood cell transfusion with a shorter chest closure time.
Impact of pregnancy on conversion to clinically isolated syndrome in a radiologically isolated syndrome cohort
Authors: Lebrun C , Le Page E , Kantarci O , Siva A , Pelletier D , Okuda DT ,   on behalf of the Club Francophone de la Sclerose en Plaques (CFSEP) and the Radiologically Isolated Syndrome Consortium (RISC) Group
Published: February 2012

Background: In multiple sclerosis (MS), the relapse rate declines during pregnancy and increases during the first three months post-partum before returning to the pre-pregnancy rate. It is unknown whether pregnancy impacts the risk of clinical conversion in those within the presymptomatic period. Objectives: We investigate the impact of pregnancy on developing a clinical event in women diagnosed with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS). Methods: All women with RIS underwent clinical and radiological assessments as part of an observational, prospective, longitudinal study. Clinical and MRI outcomes were analyzed during and after pregnancy. Subjects who became pregnant were compared with an age-matched female RIS group who did not become pregnant during the same follow-up period. Results: A total of 60 women with RIS were followed for up to seven years. Among them, seven became pregnant and were compared with 53 age-matched control women with RIS who did not become pregnant during the observation period. A significantly shorter time of conversion to the first neurological event was observed in the pregnant group [15.3 months (10–18)] compared with the non-pregnant controls [35.7 months (8–76)], yielding an absolute difference of 20.4 months ( p<0.05). The mean (SD) number of active lesions on a subsequent brain MRI scan was significantly higher in the pregnant group [3.2 (±1.7)] compared with the control group [1.8 (±0.6)]. Conclusions: The risk for clinical conversion from RIS to a clinical event and new MRI disease activity seems to be influenced by pregnancy. Pregnancy related physiological changes could operate as early as the presymptomatic period in patients with MS.