bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy in cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Lazova Rossitza , Klump Vincent , Pawelek John 
Published: July 2009

We show that malignant melanoma cells display high levels of autophagy, a cytoplasmic process of protein and organelle digestion that provides an energy source in times of nutrient deprivation. In a panel of 12 cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma of the superficial spreading type, cells in florid melanoma in situ (MIS) and invasive cells in the dermis appeared to be undergoing autophagy. Autophagosomes were detected through immunohistochemistry using the marker LC3B (microtubule‐associated light chain 3B), and by electron microscopy. Some autophagosomes contained melanized melanosomes, accounting for the phenomenon of ‘coarse melanin’ in malignant melanoma. Autophagosomes also contained the Golgi 58k protein, a structural component of the Golgi apparatus, and β1, 6‐branched oligosaccharides, indicating that at least some of the autophagosomal proteins were glycosylated with these structures. The findings suggest that autophagy could be a constitutive metabolic state for invasive and metastatic melanoma cells. Interestingly, a similar phenotype was also expressed by tumor‐associated melanophages. The findings are consistent with previous reports that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress drives melanoma progression, since ER stress is known to trigger autophagy. The results suggest that therapies inhibiting autophagy may be effective for the treatment of malignant melanoma by depriving cells of an important energy source.Lazova R, Klump V, Pawelek J. Autophagy in cutaneous malignant melanoma.
Definition of the features of acquired elastotic hemangioma reporting the clinical and histopathological characteristics of 14 patients
Authors: Martorell‐Calatayud A. , Balmer N. , Sanmartín O. , Díaz‐Recuero J. L. , Sangueza O. P. 
Published: July 2009

Background: During the last few years, new cutaneous vascular proliferations have been described, including a distinctive clinicopathologic variant of hemangioma, denominated acquired elastotic hemangioma. To date, there is only one series of six cases reported in the literature, thus, the clinical and morphological data of this variant are not well established. Methods: Fourteen cases of acquired elastotic hemangioma were retrieved from the files of the Dermatopathology Unit at Wake Forest University School of Medicine. Results: Acquired elastotic hemangioma affects sun‐damaged skin of upper extremities and neck. Clinically, lesions present as slowly growing, painless, solitary, erythematous plaques. Histopathologically, they are characterized by a horizontal proliferation of capillary blood vessels in the upper reticular dermis in a background of solar elastosis. The vessels have plump endothelial cells that protrude into the vascular lumens in a ‘hobnail’ pattern. Of the 10 cases assessed by immunohistochemistry, 100% (10) expressed CD31 and CD34, 90% (9) expressed D2‐40 and 10% (1) expressed SMA. Conclusion: Acquired elastotic hemangioma is a distinctive variant of hemangioma which should be differentiated from other cutaneous vascular tumors with a hobnail endothelial pattern, including angiosarcoma. The expression of D2‐40 in most cases suggests a lymphatic origin of this acquired vascular proliferation.Martorell‐Calatayud A, Balmer N, Sanmartín O, Díaz‐Recuero JL, Sangueza OP. Definition of the features of acquired elastotic hemangioma reporting the clinical and histopathological characteristics of 14 patients.
The −509C/T polymorphism of transforming growth factor‐β1 is associated with increased risk for development of chronic idiopathic neutropenia
Authors: Eliopoulos Dimitrios G. , Mavroudi Irene , Pontikoglou Charalampos , Ximeri Maria , Stavroulaki Emily , Pyrovolaki Katerina , Velegraki Maria , Spanoudakis Michael , Goulielmos George , Papadaki Helen A. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract Objective: Impaired granulopoiesis in chronic idiopathic neutropenia (CIN) has been associated with an inflammatory bone marrow (BM) microenvironment consisting of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐apoptotic mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, and Fas‐Ligand (Fas‐L). In this study, we evaluated the frequency of TNF‐α, TGF‐β1 and Fas‐L gene polymorphisms in CIN patients and explored their role in excessive cytokine production and their association with CIN development. Methods: The TNF‐α−308G/A, TGF‐β1 −509C/T, +869T/C, +915G/C, and Fas‐L −844T/C polymorphisms were studied in 57 CIN patients, and 100 healthy controls from Crete, a well‐defined area with genetically homogeneous population, using a polymerase chain reaction‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Results: The mutant genotype C/T or T/T of TGF‐β1 −509C/T polymorphism was more common in CIN patients than in controls (P = 0.033). Compared to wild‐type genotype, the TT genotype was associated with increased risk for CIN development (OR: 5.7; 95% CI: 1.18–27.26; P = 0.033). Compared to controls, patients with CT and TT genotypes displayed increased TGF‐β1 levels in serum (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0002, respectively) and BM (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0002, respectively). No significant difference was found between patients and controls in the frequency of TNF‐α−308G/A, TGF‐β1 +869T/C and +915G/C and Fas‐L ‐844T/C polymorphisms. Conclusions: The TGF‐β1 −509C/T polymorphism is associated with increased risk for CIN and contributes to the pathophysiology of the disorder by inducing TGF‐β1 overproduction. This is the first study providing evidence that genetic factors may predispose to CIN and may have a role in the pathophysiology of the disorder.
Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) using the QuantiFERON‐TB Gold (In‐Tube) assay
Authors: Parsons Sven D. C. , Gous Tertius A. , Warren Robin M. , De Villiers Charon , Seier Jürgen V. , Van Helden Paul D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackground  Early diagnosis of simian tuberculosis (TB) is vital to prevent transmission of this disease. We evaluated the ability of the QuantiFERON‐TB Gold (In‐Tube Method) assay (QFG‐IT) to detect TB in chacma baboons (Papio ursinus).Methods  Fifty‐one baboons were tested using the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and the QFG‐IT. Baboons testing positive, and animals exposed to infected individuals, were euthanised and subjected to necropsy. Selected tissues were processed for histopathology, mycobacterial culture and genetic speciation.Results  Tuberculosis was confirmed in one TST positive/QFG‐IT positive animal and one TST negative/QFG‐IT positive animal. One TST positive/QFG‐IT negative animal and five TST negative/QFG‐IT negative animals were confirmed uninfected following necropsy.Conclusion  The QFG‐IT correctly detected TB in two baboons, including one TST negative individual and correctly identified six baboons as uninfected, including one TST positive individual. The QFG‐IT shows promise as a sensitive, specific test for TB in chacma baboons.
Monoclonal antibody‐mediated inhibition of adhesion of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis to human epithelial cells
Authors: Elguezabal Natalia , Maza José L. , Moragues María D. , Pontón José 
Published: July 2009

The aim of this study was to assess the role of whole saliva, four saliva‐derived preparations, and six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), directed against components of the cell wall of Candida albicans, on the adhesion of C. albicans and Candida dubliniensis to human epithelial cells (HEC). C. albicans serotype A NCPF 3153 and C. albicans serotype B ATCC 90028 showed higher adhesion to HEC than C. dubliniensis NCPF 3949. Pooled whole saliva was more efficient than salivary secretory immunoglobulin A, partially purified by chromatography, at inhibiting the adhesion of C. albicans serotype A NCPF 3153 to HEC. Monoclonal antibodies C7, 14‐8, and 26G7 were the most potent inhibitors of adhesion. Our results show that mAbs can mimic the inhibition of adhesion of C. albicans to HEC that is mediated by human saliva.
Uncombable hair and atopic dermatitis in a case of tricho‐dento‐osseous syndrome
Authors: Mayer Dagmara E. Y. , Baal Christian , Litschauer‐Poursadrollah Margaritha , Hemmer Wolfgang , Jarisch Reinhart 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThe tricho‐dento‐osseous syndrome is a rare genetic disorder due to a mutation in the DLX3 gene on chromosome 17q21. It can affect hair, teeth, bone and nails, causing phenotypic variability. We report on an 8‐year‐old girl with tricho‐dento‐osseous syndrome, who presented in our allergy center with severe atopic dermatitis. Additional clinical findings included light, kinky hair reminiscent of pili trianguli et canaliculi (uncombable hair), enamel hypoplasia and enlarged pulp chambers of the molar teeth (tau‐rodontism). A genetic investigation revealed a de‐novo mutation in the DLX3 gene on chromosome 17q21. Electron microscopic examination of the curly hair showed a flattened hair shaft with longitudinal grooves.
O Sacrum Convivium – St Thomas on the Eucharist
Authors: Gorevan Patrick 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSt Thomas Aquinas' antiphon from the Office of Corpus Christi, O sacrum convivium, enjoys popularity and remains part of the Liturgy of the Hours, as do other parts of the Office and Mass he composed for the feast. It offers a survey of Eucharistic theology, evoking past (‘the memory of the Passion’) present (‘the soul filled with grace’) and future (‘pledge of future glory’). It points, too to the Eucharistic flavour of authentic Christian spirituality, always remembering the self-giving of the Saviour ‘for us’, becoming what it has received in the Eucharist, and straining forward towards a goal whose foretaste is ever on our lips. On other occasions Aquinas points to these three dimensions of any sacrament, finding its source in the passion of Christ, its content in the effect achieved in the soul and its aim in the glory of communion with God. a goal whose foretaste is ever on our lips. On other occasions Aquinas points to these three dimensions of any sacrament, finding its source in the passion of Christ, its content in the effect achieved in the soul and its aim in the glory of communion with God.
Teilhard at Ore Place, Hastings, 1908–1912
Authors: Grumett David 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe crucial role of the French Jesuit theologate in exile at Ore Place, Hastings (1906–26) in the development of la nouvelle théologie has been greatly overlooked in favour of Lyons and Fourvière. In fact, Ore Place played a key early role in the ressourcement of twentieth century French Catholic theology through constituting a unified and sympathetic scholarly community during an era of theological and political turmoil. One of the theologate's best-known students was Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1908–12), while other teachers and students included Pierre Charles, Joseph Huby, Henri de Lubac, Ferdinand Prat, Pierre Rousselot, and Auguste Valensin. Within this congenial scholarly community, Teilhard developed some key theological foundations of his thought on topics including grace and nature (miracles, anthropology, and evolution) and christology, and was ordained. The full importance of theological formation at Ore Place for the thought of Teilhard and other French Jesuits of his generation has rarely been recognized.
Public Reason in Bioethics
Authors: Tonti-Filippini Nicholas 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTaking part in secular discussion is difficult for a Christian philosopher. An approach that has often been favoured by Catholic philosophers is to attempt to engage at a level of pure reason using natural law concepts. This paper argues that such an approach sells us short and represents a failure to engage in secular discussion on equal terms and a failure to give adequate witness to the teachings of Christ. The paper seeks to argue that while it is not true that reason has a wax nose, as former Cardial Ratzinger argued, there is a role for faith-derived concepts in secular discussion and for encouraging others to share their view whether faith based or not, and for subjecting those concepts to the scrutiny afforded by rational analysis in an effort to achieve an identified common ground of human goodness that both transcends individual culture and belief but has its individual origins within the disparate cultures and traditions.
A GENERAL LEXICON FOR SENSORY ANALYSIS OF TEXTURE AND APPEARANCE OF LIP PRODUCTS
Authors: DOOLEY LAUREN M. , ADHIKARI KOUSHIK , CHAMBERS IV EDGAR 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT Lip products (lipsticks, glosses and balms) are an important aspect of the cosmetics business. The lip product segment of the business has been expanding because the majority of women uses some form of lip products. In addition, men commonly use lip balm in winter months. The purpose of this three‐part study was to develop a lexicon for descriptive sensory testing of lip products. In the first study, two focus groups were conducted to understand women's perceptions of lip products and elicit desirable and undesirable characteristics in the products. In the second study, six highly trained panelists from the Sensory Analysis Center at Kansas State University developed a lexicon using five samples each of lip balms, lip glosses and lipsticks. All attributes were measured during or after application. Attributes were categorized under “initial texture,”“initial appearance,”“after appearance” and “after texture.” The lexicon comprised of 18 terms. The panelists developed definitions, references and protocols for evaluation for each attribute in the lexicon. The third study consisted of a validation phase, in which 12 samples, four from each product segment, were used. The lexicon developed in this study was inclusive enough to show distinctions between and within the lip glosses, lip balms and lipsticks. This lexicon could be used to identify similarities and differences in other lip products such as lip plumper, lip liners and multi use products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe lip product lexicon may benefit researchers and cosmetic companies in product development and optimization, quality control, and marketing by providing accurate definitions, accessible references, and reproducible protocols and techniques. Aspects of this research, including the use of photographic references, where appropriate, could be extrapolated to other aspects of the personal care industry, such as hair care and skin care, and can aid in product development and product optimization.
EFFECTS OF HEALTH‐RELATED CLAIMS ON THE DIFFERENTIAL THRESHOLD OF CONSUMERS' SWEETNESS SENSATION
Authors: CHIOU WEN‐BIN , YEH LIEN‐TE , CHANG MING‐HSU 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT Health concerns play an important role in people's consumption of food products and judgments of food taste. Previous studies on the effects of food labeling suggest that consumers' sensory evaluations are influenced by health concerns. The current study examined whether health‐related claims would affect sweetness sensations. Differential thresholds for sensitivity to sweetness were measured separately under three conditions: without health‐related claims, with a label suggesting a health advantage and with a health warning label. Results indicated that thresholds under both health‐related labeling conditions were lower than those under the condition with no health‐related claim, suggesting that consumers exposed to health‐related labels were more sensitive to sweetness. The threshold for the health advantage label lay between those for no health‐related claims (which yielded the highest threshold) and the health warning (which yielded the lowest). These findings are discussed in terms of health concerns, and suggestions for future research are explored. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe insights gained in this study give researchers and marketers information about how to measure consumers' differential threshold of sweetness threshold with the psychophysical method. It provides information about the effects of health‐related claims on the differential threshold of sweetness sensation. The findings and explanations are beneficial for product development researchers and marketer to predict consumers' change of differential threshold when employing health‐related claims to influence sweetness sensation of food products with varying levels of sweetener changes.
On the Philosophy of Group Decision Methods I: The Nonobviousness of Majority Rule
Authors: Risse Mathias 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMajority rule is often adopted almost by default as a group decision rule. One might think, therefore, that the conditions under which it applies, and the argument on its behalf, are well understood. However, the standard arguments in support of majority rule display systematic deficiencies. This article explores these weaknesses, and assesses what can be said on behalf of majority rule.
On the Philosophy of Group Decision Methods II: Alternatives to Majority Rule
Authors: Risse Mathias 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this companion piece to ‘On the Philosophy of Group Decision Methods I: The Non‐Obviousness of Majority Rule’, we take a closer look at some competitors of majority rule. This exploration supplements the conclusions of the other piece, as well as offers a further‐reaching introduction to some of the challenges that this field currently poses to philosophers.
The Open Borders Debate on Immigration
Authors: Wilcox Shelley 
Published: July 2009

AbstractGlobal migration raises important ethical issues. One of the most significant is the question of whether liberal democratic societies have strong moral obligations to admit immigrants. Historically, most philosophers have argued that liberal states are morally free to restrict immigration at their discretion, with few exceptions. Recently, however, liberal egalitarians have begun to challenge this conventional view in two lines of argument. The first contends that immigration restrictions are inconsistent with basic liberal egalitarian values, including freedom and moral equality. The second maintains that affluent, liberal democratic societies are morally obligated to admit immigrants as a partial response to global injustices, such as poverty and human rights violations. This article surveys the main philosophical arguments for these positions on immigration and discusses the critical responses to these arguments.
Narrative and discursive approaches to the analysis of subjectivity in psychotherapy
Authors: Avdi Evrinomy , Georgaca Eugenie 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper reviews research that utilises language‐based analyses (narrative analysis, discourse analysis and conversation analysis) to examine aspects of subjectivity in the context of psychotherapy. The studies reviewed fall broadly into two main groups. On the one hand, studies which share a view of subjectivity as the sum of internal ‘voices’ in dialogue adopt a narrative approach, examine subjectivity in terms of organisation, coherence and self‐reflection, and consider psychotherapy a process of restoring an organised polyphony. On the other hand, studies which conceptualise subjectivity in terms of ‘subject positions’ adopt a discursive approach, emphasise the availability of subject positions and flexibility in adopting them and examine psychotherapy as a process of facilitating the flexible adoption by the client of a variety of subject positions. Theoretical, epistemological and methodological issues regarding each of the two approaches are discussed, along with representative studies. We finally examine the implications of these two approaches for understanding psychotherapeutic practice and for theorising and researching subjectivity.
Age Differences in Affective Well‐Being: Context Matters
Authors: Charles Susan Turk , Piazza Jennifer R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe study of emotion across the adult lifespan requires an understanding of how life circumstances change with age. With this knowledge, we can predict when age is related to increases in affective well‐being and when age no longer confers such benefits. In the current paper, we review research that finds age‐related stability and even increases in affective well‐being, as well as age‐related strengths in several emotion regulation strategies. We introduce the theory of Strength and Vulnerability Integration to predict age‐related patterns in emotional experience across the adult lifespan, and to identify situations when age will no longer be related to improved emotion‐related outcomes. We suggest that only by understanding the context of daily life can we predict when and how age is related to affective well‐being.
How Should We Study Generational ‘Changes’—Or Should We? A Critical Examination of the Evidence for ‘Generation Me’
Authors: Donnellan M. Brent , Trzesniewski Kali H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this essay, we discuss some of the issues that are involved when making inferences about birth cohorts and we describe some of our work that has caused us to question the strength of the evidence for so‐called ‘Generation Me’ effects. In particular, we describe our analyses from the Monitoring the Future project using self‐esteem and respond to criticisms of our work. At this point, we believe that there is insufficient evidence to support the conclusion that the personalities and self‐beliefs of today’s young people are dramatically different from previous generations of American youth.
Are Large Physiological Reactions to Acute Psychological Stress Always Bad for Health?
Authors: Carroll Douglas , Lovallo William R. , Phillips Anna C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractHow we react physiologically to stress has long been considered to have implications for our health. There is now persuasive evidence that individuals who show large cardiovascular reactions to stress are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, particularly hypertension. By implication, low reactivity is protective or benign. However, there is recent evidence that low reactivity may predict elevated risk for a range of adverse health outcomes, such as depression, obesity, poor self‐reported health and compromised immunity. In addition, low cortisol and cardiovascular reactivity may be a characteristic of individuals with addictions to tobacco and alcohol, as well as those at risk of addiction and those who relapse from abstinence. Our ideas about reactivity may have to be revised in the light of such findings.
Hygiene and Biosecurity: The Language and Politics of Risk in an Era of Emerging Infectious Diseases
Authors: Brown Brian , Nerlich Brigitte , Crawford Paul , Koteyko Nelya , Carter Ronald 
Published: July 2009

AbstractInfectious diseases, such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and avian influenza, have recently been high on the agenda of policy makers and the public. Although hygiene and biosecurity are preferred options for disease management, policy makers have become increasingly aware of the critical role that communication assumes in protecting people during outbreaks and epidemics. This article makes the case for a language‐based approach to understanding the public perception of disease. Health language research carried out by the authors, based on metaphor analysis and corpus linguistics, has shown that concepts of journeys, pathways, thresholds, boundaries and barriers have emerged as principal framing devices used by stakeholders to advocate a hygiene based risk and disease management. These framings provide a common ground for debate, but lead to quite different perceptions and practices. This in turn might be a barrier to global disease management in a modern world.