bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispositional Goal Orientation and Perceptions of Coach Motivational Climate on Attitudes towards Doping among Kenyan Endurance Runners
Authors: Kipchumba Kevin K. , Rintaugu Elijah G. , Mwangi Francis M. , Gathoni Benson 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChanging athletes’ attitudes towards doping has been shown as crucial in prevention efforts in combating doping in sports, with dispositional goal orientation and perceptions of coach motivational climate identified as factors shaping doping attitudes among athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between dispositional goal orientation and motivational climate attitudes towards doping among Kenyan Endurance runners. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from 323 Kenyan runners with 215 males (66.6%) and 108 females (33.3%). The study assessed athletes’ goal orientation through the Task and Ego Goal Orientation Sport Questionnaire, perceptions of coach motivational climate through Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire, and attitudes towards doping through Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney U tests and Kruskall-Wallis H tests was used for data analysis. The study found significant inverse relationships between mastery climate and doping attitudes (rho = -.242; p < .001), as well as between task orientation and doping attitudes (rho = -.158; p < .004). Conversely, performance climate (rho = .362; p < .001) and ego orientation (rho = .362; p < .001) showed significant positive relationships with doping attitudes. There were no significant differences in doping attitudes based on age (U = 11582.500, p <.191), gender (U = 11437.500, p <.827) and athlete’s length of experience (χ2 (2) = 1.359, p < .507). The study concludes that fostering mastery-oriented coach motivational climate and promoting task-oriented goal orientation could effectively cultivate anti-doping attitudes among athletes and enhance clean sport.
Within-host dynamics of antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Schuh Lea , Markov Peter V. , Voulgaridi Ioanna , Bogogiannidou Zacharoula , Mouchtouri Varvara A. , Hadjichristodoulou Christos , Stilianakis Nikolaos I. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of antiviral treatment with remdesivir against COVID-19 has been investigated in clinical trials suggesting earlier recovery. However, this effect seems to be rather modest. In this study, we assessed the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infections in 369 COVID-19 individuals across a spectrum of illness severities, including both untreated individuals and individuals who received antiviral treatment with remdesivir. Moreover, using a process-based mathematical model, we quantified and analyzed the within-host infection dynamics of 69 untreated and 19 antiviral-treated individuals. For untreated individuals, we found that those hospitalized exhibit significantly lower levels of early immune response and higher cumulative viral loads than those who were not. For treated individuals, we found that those who died were on average hospitalized later after symptom onset than those who survived, underscoring the importance of early medical intervention for severe COVID-19. Our model estimates a rather limited antiviral activity of remdesivir and, consequently, comparable viral load dynamics between individuals responding and not responding to antiviral treatment. Our results provide valuable insights into the clinical course of COVID-19 during antiviral treatment with remdesivir and suggest the need for alternative treatment regimens.
Characterizing preserved autonomic regulation following spinal cord injury: Methods of a novel concerted testing battery and illustrative examples of a new translationally focused data representation
Authors: Solinsky Ryan , Burns Kathryn , Hamner Jason W. , Singer Wolfgang , Taylor J. Andrew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAutonomic dysfunction is common after spinal cord injury, though differing from motor and sensory function, there are currently no established batteries of tests to comprehensively characterize these deficits. Further, while individual established autonomic tests have a long history and sound scientific background, translating these autonomic testing results to inform clinical understanding is a major barrier. Herein, we outline a battery of six laboratory autonomic tests which were carefully curated to collectively describe the ability of individuals with spinal cord injury to inhibit and recruit sympathetic activity through the injured spinal cord. Presenting normative control data in 23 uninjured individuals completing this testing battery, we further demonstrate the utility of extracting three key testing metrics for each test, comparing these control results to 11 individuals with spinal cord injury. Results demonstrate strong normality of data with testing psychometrics suggesting reliable reproducibility on repeat testing. Further, even in this preliminary sample of individuals with spinal cord injuries, clear differences begin to emerge. This illustrates the ability of this collective testing battery to characterize autonomic regulation after spinal cord injury. To aid in clinical translation, we further present a graphical representation, anautonomic phenotype, which serves as a snapshot of how normal or abnormal sympathetic inhibition and recruitment of activation may be after spinal cord injury. Utilizing theseautonomic phenotypes, three example cases of individuals with spinal cord injury highlight evidence of varied degrees of autonomically complete spinal cord injury. Together, this represents a key advancement in our understanding of autonomic function after spinal cord injury.
Effects of spinal stimulation and short-burst treadmill training on gait biomechanics in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: DeVol Charlotte R. , Shrivastav Siddhi R. , Landrum Victoria M. , Bjornson Kristie F. , Roge Desiree , Moritz Chet T. , Steele Katherine M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) have an injury to the central nervous system around the time of birth that affects the development of the brain and spinal cord. This injury leads to changes in gait neuromechanics, including muscle activity and joint kinematics. Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) is a novel neuromodulation technique that may improve movement and coordination in children with CP when paired with targeted physical therapy.Research questionHow does the combination of tSCS and short-burst interval locomotor treadmill training (SBLTT) affect individual gait neuromechanics in children with CP?MethodsFour children with CP (4-13 years old), received 24 sessions each of SBLTT only and SBLTT with tSCS (tSCS+SBLTT). Clinical assessments of spasticity and passive range of motion (PROM), as well as biomechanical assessments of joint kinematics, musculotendon lengths, and muscle activity were recorded during overground, barefoot walking. Assessments were taken before and after each intervention, and 8-weeks later.ResultsThe combination of tSCS+SBLTT led to greater increases in hip and knee extension than SBLTT only for three participants. Three children also became more plantarflexed at the ankle during stance after tSCS+SBLTT compared to SBLTT only. While tSCS+SBLTT reduced spasticity, these changes were only weakly correlated with changes in musculotendon lengths during gait or PROM, with the largest correlation between change in gastrocnemius operating musculotendon length during fast walking and gastrocnemius spasticity (R2= 0.26) and change in plantarflexor PROM and gastrocnemius spasticity (R2= 0.23).SignificanceChildren with CP used a more upright, less crouched posture during gait after tSCS+SBLTT. Large reductions in spasticity after tSCS+SBLTT were only weakly correlated with changes in kinematics and PROM. Understanding the mechanisms by which tSCS may affect gait for children with CP is critical to optimize and inform the use of tSCS for clinical care.
Clinical Adherence to Concussion Practice Guidelines
Authors: Pelo Ryan , Godfrey Jonathan , Dibble Leland E. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to assess common barriers to adherence to the Physical Therapy Concussion/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Clinical Practice Guidelines (PTCPG) and design an action plan to address these barriers.SettingSingle University Health SystemParticipantsElectronic medical record (EMR) data were collected over an initial 6-month period and then a follow-up 6-month period after the interventions. The initial period yielded an average of 129 patients with a concussion diagnosis, and the follow-up period yielded an average of 331 patients.DesignThrough the knowledge-to-action framework, it was identified that providers were often unaware of current practice guidelines, and some had a low comfort level with the diagnosis. Subsequent action items to address these barriers included education sessions, modification of a concussion documentation template to better align with PTCPG recommendations, and the design of a pop-up within the electronic medical records that allowed providers to create a referral to a concussion treatment network.Main MeasuresFrequency calculations were performed based on whether the outcome measure was performed at any time during a concussion episode of care. Selection of outcome measures was determined by what outcome measures were available for use within the EMR and aligned with the PTCPG recommended system domains. Data was collected from the following providers: physical therapists, occupational therapists, sports medicine physicians and physical medicine & rehab physicians.ResultsFrom the initial EMR query to the follow-up, the following increases in use of outcome measures were seen with each outcome measure, Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) = 10.0%, Cervical & Thoracic Screen = 6.0%, Vestibular Ocular Motor Screen (VOMS) = 12.6%, Modified Orthostatic Vital Signs (MOVS) = 18.9%, Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT) = 3.5%, Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) = -4.8%, Sensory Organization Test (SOT) = 0.9%.ConclusionThe improvement in adherence to recommendations was attributed to a knowledge to action approach that combined education along with structural changes to electronic medical record documentation.
The Impact of AI on Scientific Literature: A Surge in AI-Associated Words in Academic and Biomedical Writing
Authors: Masukume Gwinyai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe debut of ChatGPT on 30 November 2022, marked a new era in artificial intelligence (AI) innovation, ushering transformative progress in science and research efficiency. Yet, AI’s exact influence on scientific and biomedical literature remains unclear. Words like “delve”, “realm” and “underscore” are linked with AI chatbots rather than human authors, potentially signalling AI utilisation.MethodsAn extensive search of the electronic databases PubMed and Scopus was conducted, spanning from their inception to 28 May 2024, covering a period of 175 years from 1849 to 2024. The search identified occurrences of the words “delve”, “realm” and “underscore” individually and in various combinations within the scientific literature.ResultsBetween 1849 and 2024, the simultaneous occurrence of “delve”, “realm” and “underscore” was observed exclusively during 2023 and 2024. Notably, in 2023 and 2024, “delve” and “underscore”, appeared together in 1,284 out of 1,299 (98.8%) PubMed articles (p-value = 0.0002) and 546 out of 566 (96.5%) Scopus articles (p-value= 0.0006) where they were used since 1849. The co-usage of these words increased by up to 85-fold in 2023 and 2024 compared to 2022 and prior years.Additionally, among articles since 1849, in 2023 and 2024, “delve” appeared in 7,714 out of 17,537 (44.0%) PubMed and 6,360 out of 13,707 (46.4%) Scopus articles, “realm” in 3,825 out of 16,288 (23.5%) PubMed and 16,360 out of 82,714 (19.8%) Scopus articles, and “underscore” in 27,653 out of 95,606 (28.9%) PubMed and 39,154 out of 111,803 (35.0%) Scopus articles.ConclusionThe analysis reveals a surge in the use of “delve”, “realm” and “underscore”—words presently associated with AI chatbots—during 2023 and 2024, highlighting the growing influence of AI chatbots like ChatGPT, introduced in November 2022, on academic writing. This trend highlights the increasing integration of AI-generated text in scientific articles, prompting further exploration into broader implications on research practices and scholarly communication.
Comparison of tobacco index versus smoking status in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure levels
Authors: Vera-Ponce Víctor Juan , Zuzunaga-Montoya Fiorella E. , Maria Valladolid-Sandoval Lupita Ana , Milagros Vásquez-Romero Luisa Erika , Loayza-Castro Joan A. , Chenet Stella M. , Tejada Felix Llanos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionSmoking is a well-established risk factor for hypertension (HTN) and high blood pressure (HBP); however, there are controversies regarding whether it is merely the act of smoking that increases the risk of HTN or if it is the quantity of tobacco consumed that influences it.ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between different smoking statuses and the tobacco index (GTI) with the presence of HBP and HTN in the Peruvian population.MethodsAn analytical cross-sectional study based on data obtained from Peru’s Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) from 2014-2022. The primary variable in this study is blood pressure level, which was classified into normotension, HBP, and HTN. Smoking status was categorized into smoker status (never, ex, current, daily smoker), daily smoker (yes versus no), and the GTI.ResultsOverall, daily smokers showed a higher prevalence of HTN, while those with a TI ≥ 20 showed a higher prevalence of both HBP and HTN. Significant discrepancies were observed regarding sex and the presence of these diseases, although GTI remained a consistent associated factor.ConclusionsThe tobacco index is highlighted as a more reliable indicator of the risk associated with smoking compared to simply categorizing individuals as smokers or non-smokers. This index, which quantifies both the frequency and duration of smoking habits, has proven to be a robust factor in the prevalence of these pathologies.
Deep neural networks detect regional wall motion abnormalities and preclinical cardiovascular disease from 12-lead ECGs
Authors: Carbonati Tanner , Eslami Parastou , Waks Jonathan W. , Fiorina Laurent , Chaudhari Ashish , Henry Christine , Johnson Alistair E.W. , Pollard Tom , Gow Brian , Mark Roger G. , Horng Steven , Greenbaum Nathaniel R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs) is critical for diagnosing and risk stratifying patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly ischemic heart disease. We hypothesized that a deep neural network could accurately identify patients with regional wall motion abnormalities from a readily available standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG).MethodsThis observational, retrospective study included patients who were treated at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and had an ECG and echocardiogram performed within 14 days of each other between 2008 and 2019. We trained a convolutional neural network to detect the presence of RWMAs, qualitative global right ventricular (RV) hypokinesis, and varying degrees of left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] ≤50%, LVEF ≤40%, and LVEF ≤35%) identified by echocardiography, using ECG data alone. Patients were randomly split into development (80%) and test sets (20%). Model performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age and sex were performed to estimate the risk of future acute coronary events.ResultsThe development set consisted of 19,837 patients (mean age 66.7±16.4; 46.7% female) and the test set comprised of 4,953 patients (mean age 67.5±15.8 years; 46.5% female). On the test dataset, the model accurately identified the presence of RWMA, RV hypokinesis, LVEF ≤50%, LVEF ≤40%, and LVEF ≤35% with AUCs of 0.87 (95% CI 0.858-0.882), 0.888 (95% CI 0.878-0.899), 0.923 (95% CI 0.914-0.933), 0.93 (95% CI 0.921-0.939), and 0.876 (95% CI 0.858-0.896), respectively. Among patients with normal biventricular function at the time of the index ECG, those classified as having RMWA by the model were 3 times the risk (age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio, 2.8; 95% CI 1.9-3.9) for future acute coronary events compared to those classified as negative.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that a deep neural network can help identify regional wall motion abnormalities and reduced LV function from a 12-lead ECG and could potentially be used as a screening tool for triaging patients who need either initial or repeat echocardiographic imaging.
Medical Costs, Health Care Utilization, and Productivity Losses Associated With Hypertension by COVID-19 Among US Commercial Enrollees
Authors: Lee Jun Soo , Zhang Yidan (Xue) , Wang Yu , Park Joohyun , Kumar Ashutosh , Donald Bruce , Luo Feijun , Roy Kakoli 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundHypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases, significantly contributing to morbidity and mortality. The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened concerns about the impact of hypertension on severe COVID-19 outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis using the 2021 MarketScan Commercial and Health and Productivity Management databases. The study included adults aged 18-64 with continuous employer-sponsored private insurance, excluding those with pregnancy or capitated plans. We compared excess total medical costs, healthcare utilization (including the number of emergency department visits, inpatient admissions, outpatient visits, and outpatient prescription drugs), and productivity losses and related costs due to sick absences, short-term disability (STD), and long-term disability (LTD) between individuals with and without hypertension, further stratified by COVID-19 diagnosis. Multivariate regression models adjusted for demographics and comorbidities were used to estimate the differences in outcomes.ResultsAmong 1,612,398 adults aged 18-64 years, 13% had hypertension in 2021. Those with hypertension were older, were less likely to be female or live in urban areas, and exhibited a higher prevalence of comorbidities. The total excess medical costs associated with hypertension were $8723 per patient (95% CI, $8352-$9093), which was significantly higher by $6117 (95% CI, $4780-$7453) among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. Persons with hypertension had higher health care utilization, including a higher number of ED visits (0.21 per patient; 95% CI, 0.21-0.22), inpatient admissions (0.11; 95% CI, 0.10-0.12), outpatient visits (5.42; 95% CI, 5.36-5.49), and outpatient prescription drugs (10.85; 95% CI, 10.75-10.94). Moreover, they experienced a greater number of sick absences (1.22 days; 95% CI, 1.07-1.36) and STD occurrences (3.68 days; 95% CI, 3.38-3.98) per patient compared to those without hypertension. These trends were further exacerbated among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19.ConclusionsHypertension markedly increases medical costs, healthcare utilization, and productivity losses, which are further exacerbated by COVID-19. These findings highlight the substantial economic burden of managing hypertension in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and underscore the importance of targeted interventions.
The Impact of Conventional Stroke Risk Factors on Early and Late Onset Ischemic Stroke: a Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Nguyen Kevin TK , Xu Huichun , Gaynor Brady , Adebamowo Sally N. , McArdle Patrick F. , O’Connor Tim , Worrall Bradford , Malik Rainer , Boncoraglio Giorgio B. , Zand Ramin , Kittner Steven J. , Mitchell Braxton D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveAlthough stroke incidence is decreasing in older ages, it is increasing in young adults. While these divergent trends in stroke incidence are at least partially attributable to diverging prevalence trends in stoke risk factors, age-dependent differences in the impact of stroke risk factors on stroke may also contribute. To address this issue, we utilized Mendelian Randomization (MR) to assess differences in the association of stroke risk factors between early onset ischemic stroke (EOS) and late onset ischemic stroke (LOS).MethodsWe employed a two-sample MR design with inverse variance weighting as the primary method of analysis. Using large publicly available genome-wide association summary results, we calculated MR estimates for conventional stroke risk factors (body mass index, total, HDL-and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, type 2 diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and smoking) in EOS cases (onset 18-59 years, n = 6,728) and controls from the Early Onset Stroke Consortium and in LOS cases (onset ≥ 60 years, n = 9,272) and controls from the Stroke Genetics Network. We then compared odds ratios between EOS and LOS, stratified by TOAST subtypes, to determine if any differences observed between effect sizes could be attributed to differences in the distribution of stroke subtypes.ResultsEOS was significantly associated with all risk factors except for total cholesterol levels, and LOS was associated with all risk factors except for triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. The associations of BMI, DBP, SBP, and HDL-cholesterol were significantly stronger in EOS than LOS (all p < 0.004). The differential distribution of stroke subtypes could not explain the difference in effect size observed between EOS and LOS.ConclusionThese results suggest that interventions targeted at lowering body mass index and blood pressure may be particularly important for reducing stroke risk in young adults.
Extracellular rRNA profiling reveals the sinking and cell lysis dynamics of marine microeukaryotes
Authors: Endo Hisashi , Yamagishi Yuki , Nguyen Thi Tuyen , Ogata Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMarine plankton communities consist of numerous species, and their composition and physiological states are closely linked to ecosystem functions. Understanding biogeochemical cycles requires measuring taxon-specific mortality due to viral lysis or sloppy feeding, as the dissolved organic matter released contributes to rapid nutrient recycling and long-term carbon sequestration following microbial transformation. This study introduces a quantitative and comprehensive analysis of microeukaryotes in the dissolved constituents of seawater by using Mortality by Ribosomal Sequencing (MoRS) method. Our experimental pipeline successfully recovered 83% of cell-free rRNA. The ratio of cell-free rRNA to cell-associated rRNA was more than 10-fold higher in the mesopelagic layer than in the upper epipelagic layer, suggesting the mesopelagic zone as a hotspot for eukaryotic cell lysis. Many protist lineages, including phytoplankton such as haptophytes, are less susceptible to cell lysis in the epipelagic layer yet are actively lysed in the mesopelagic zone. Notably, over 86% of the significantly lysed species in the mesopelagic layer showed a habitat preference for the epipelagic layer. These findings indicate that sinking from the surface and lysis in the mesopelagic are prevalent dynamics for various eukaryotes.