bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Migration to Hong-Kong
Authors: Skeldon Ronald 
Published: November 2011

Les migrations récentes vers Hong Kong
Hong Kong est une enclave du système capitaliste occidental à la périphérie du monde socialiste. Les relations entre Hong Kong et la République Populaire de Chine ne se réduisent pas seulement à des flux de capitaux, mais il y a de très importantes relations humaines. Hong Kong est une ville de migrants, mais malgré de grands efforts pour contrôler les mouvements d'immigration pendant la période récente, les relations entre les systèmes capitaliste et socialiste se développent d'une manière continue en étroite liaison avec les mouvements de population. L'article présente les migrations de la population de la Chine vers Hong Kong, pendant la période récente : 1970-1980.
Problèmes de l'emploi en République Démocratique Allemande
Authors: Leykauf Joachim , Oelke Eckhard 
Published: November 2011

Employment problems in German Democratic Republic
This paper studies the quantitative evolution of employment and activity rates in a land where working forces are rare. It deals with the geographical pattern of employment growth and with sectorial and qualitative evolutions of employment. Natural and migratory balances are studied in relation to work ability. The structure and the dynamics of inter-districts migrations in time and space are described by entropy measure and by Markow-chains model.
Les ménages étrangers en France : évolution et disparités spatiales
Authors: Guillon Michelle 
Published: November 2011

La proportion des étrangers qui vivent dans les « ménages ordinaires » s'est accrue entre 1975 et 1982. En même temps, la taille des ménages dont la personne de référence est étrangère a augmenté. Ce double accroissement s'explique par l'importance du regroupement familial alors que l'immigration de travailleurs s'est fortement ralentie. Les étrangers, et notamment ceux qui viennent du continent africain, vivent plus rarement avec d'autres travailleurs (foyers) ou seuls, plus fréquemment avec leur famille.
La taille moyenne des ménages étrangers a augmenté tandis que diminuait celle des ménages français. Elle est très fortement liée à la composition par nationalités. Une typologie, établie à partir du nombre de ménages français et étrangers selon la taille dans les agglomérations de plus de 100000 habitants permet de mettre en valeur la diversité des combinaisons dans l'espace français.
Households in Denmark
Authors: Lange Anita 
Published: November 2011

Les ménages au Danemark.

Les ménages danois tendent à être plus nombreux et plus petits : cette évolution correspond aux changements qui affectent à la fois les structures familiales et la composition par âge de la population:
- le nombre d'enfants par famille diminue, tandis que l'âge au mariage s'élève, ce qui entraîne une nette augmentation du nombre des jeunes isolés.
- le vieillissement de la population explique également la progression des petits ménages car ceux-ci prédominent parmi les personnes âgées de 70 ans et plus.
Il est possible d'observer, en ce qui concerne la répartition spatiale des ménages, un lien entre la taille des ménages et le niveau d'urbanisation : plus celui-ci est élevé, plus les ménages sont petits ; dans les régions rurales, plus fécondes, la dimension moyenne des ménages est au contraire plus importante.
Gestion de la main-d'œuvre, institution familiale et activité féminine
Authors: Ferréol Gilles 
Published: November 2011

Management of works, family structures and female activity
6
As part of a long term evolution, the increase in the number of working women has led to radical changes. Some of these reflect the emergence of new forms of sociability; others are part of a more specific socio-economic context. The coexistence of several patterns (patrimonial, conjugal or communal) as observed through the use of recent empirical material, enriches our understanding of the various types of interaction between the changes in family relationships and the feminization of the workforce.
Low Dose Lopinavir/Ritonavir Tablet Achieves Adequate Pharmacokinetic Parameters in HIV-Infected Thai Adolescents
Authors: Klinklom Arunee , Puthanakit Thanyawee , Gorowara Meena , Phasomsap Chayapa , Kerr Stephen , Sriheara Chulalak , Ananworanich Jintanat , Burger David , Ruxrungtham Kiat , Pancharoen Chitsanu 
Published: November 2011

Background Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) is an effective and commonly used protease inhibitor in HIV-infected adolescents. Previous data showed high plasma concentrations of LPV in Thai patients. This study determined the phar-macokinetic (PK) parameters of a low-dose LPV/r tablet (70% of standard dose) in HIV-infected Thai adolescents. Methods A total of 24 adolescents on LPV/r- containing HAART regimens with HIV RNA<50 copies/ml were included. Standard and low doses for two different weight bands using LPV/r 100/25 mg tablet formulation twice daily were prescribed as follows: 3 and 2 tablets for adolescents weighing 25–35 kg, and 4 and 3 tablets for those weighing >35 kg, respectively. On the fourth week of treatment, PK was performed for all doses at 0 (pre-dose), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h. LPV and ritonavir concentrations were measured using the HPLC method. Results The median (IQR) age was 13.5 (12–15) years. The median LPV doses of standard and low doses were 290 and 208 mg/m2. The mean (sd) area under the concentration– time curve at 0–12 h, maximum concentration and plasma concentration at 12 h for the standard dose were 97.6 (25.7) mg•h/l, 11.1 (2.6) mg/l and 4.1 (2.0) mg/l, and for the low dose were 87.4 (29.0) mg•h/l, 11.0 (3.1) mg/l and 3.2 (1.9) mg/l, respectively. No significant differences were detected between the groups. One child had plasma concentration at 12 h <1.0 mg/l while on low-dose LPV/r but HIV RNA was undetectable. Conclusions The low-dose LPV/r tablet provides adequate PK parameters in HIV-infected Thai adolescents. A randomized study to assess the efficacy of low and standard doses of LPV/r among Thai HIV-infected adolescents should be explored.
Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Once-Daily Rilpivirine following Administration of Efavirenz in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Crauwels Herta , Vingerhoets Johan , Ryan Robert , Witek James , Anderson David 
Published: November 2011

Background Rilpivirine and efavirenz share metabolic pathways (CYP3A), potentially leading to drug–drug interactions. We report the pharmacokinetics, ex vivo antiviral activity and safety of rilpivirine, following efavirenz treatment. Methods HIV-negative adults received in fixed sequence: treatment A (rilpivirine 25 mg once daily for 14 days, followed by a washout), treatment B (efavirenz 600 mg once daily for 14 days), immediately followed by treatment C (rilpivirine 25 mg once daily for 28 days). Rilpivirine pharmacokinetic profiles were determined on days 1 and 14 of treatment A and days 1, 14, 21 and 28 of treatment C. Ex vivo antiviral activity was measured in treatments A and C using an exploratory assay. Safety was evaluated throughout. Results From days 1 to 21, higher mean rilpivirine exposure was observed with treatment A compared with treatment C. The area under the concentration– time curve (AUC24 h) least squares (LS) means ratio (90% CI) for treatment C versus treatment A was 0.54 (0.46, 0.64; Day 1), 0.82 (0.75, 0.89; Day 14) and 0.84 (0.74, 0.94; Day 21). By day 28 of treatment C, the main rilpivirine pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to day 14 of treatment A (AUC24 h LS means ratio [90% CI], 0.91 [0.82, 1.01]), except for the minimum plasma concentration. At each time point in treatment C, samples of >80% of subjects demonstrated similar ex vivo antiviral activity compared with treatment A. All adverse events were grade 1 or 2. Conclusions These results provide useful information supporting a clinical study evaluating HIV-1-positive subjects switching from efavirenz to rilpivirine.
Mademoiselle Miss
Authors: Hassoun Pascale 
Published: November 2011

Résumé « Mademoiselle » arrive. Les enfants, pour se défendre de l’aimer, lui cherchent un sobriquet. Mais « Miss » retourne la situation. Elle a un savoir-faire inattendu qui finit par redonner de l’enfance aux enfants. N’est-ce pas cela, prendre soin ?
Characteristics That Perinatal Nurse Managers Desire in New Nurse Hires
Authors: Falls Emily , Hensel Desiree 
Published: November 2011

Background:
Nursing leaders have proposed that nurses must have the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competencies to work in complex health care systems. Using the QSEN framework, this study explored what characteristics perinatal nurse managers desired most in new nurses.

Methods:

This study used a survey design and a convenience sample of perinatal nurse managers working in Indiana hospitals (
N
= 46).

Results:
Managers were more likely to hire nurses with experience, positive references, and excellent attendance. Of the QSEN competencies, managers looked most for teamwork and collaboration, followed by safety and patient-centered care.

Conclusion:
In addition to the traditional qualities desired in new nurses, the QSEN competencies are gaining importance among perinatal managers.
Rituximab therapy for systemic vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: Results from the Autoimmunity and Rituximab Registry
Authors: Puéchal X. , Gottenberg J. E. , Berthelot J. M. , Gossec L. , Meyer O. , Morel J. , Wendling D. , de Bandt M. , Houvenagel E. , Jamard B. , Lequerré T. , Morel G. , Richette P. , Sellam J. , Guillevin L. , Mariette X. ,   Investigators of the Autoimmunity Rituximab Registry
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveRituximab improves articular symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and it recently has been shown to be an effective induction therapy for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis. We assessed the efficacy and safety of rituximab in a real‐life clinical setting among patients with systemic rheumatoid vasculitis (SRV).MethodsWe analyzed data from the AutoImmunity and Rituximab registry, which includes patients with autoimmune diseases treated with rituximab.ResultsOf the 1,994 patients with RA enrolled in the registry, 17 were treated with rituximab for active SRV. At baseline, the mean Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for RA (BVAS/RA) was 9.6, with a mean prednisone dosage of 19.2 mg/day. After 6 months of rituximab therapy, 12 patients (71%) achieved complete remission of their vasculitis, 4 had a partial response, and 1 died with uncontrolled vasculitis. Mean BVAS/RA was reduced to 0.6 and mean prednisone dosage to 9.7 mg/day. At 12 months, 14 patients (82%) were in sustained complete remission. Severe infection occurred in 3 patients, corresponding to a 6.4 per 100 patient‐years rate. In the 6 patients who received further rituximab as maintenance therapy between months 6 and 12, no relapse of vasculitis was observed. However, among the 9 patients who did not, a relapse was observed in 3 patients who were treated with methotrexate alone. Remission was reestablished by reintroducing rituximab in 2 cases.ConclusionComplete remission of SRV was achieved in nearly three‐fourths of patients receiving rituximab in daily practice, with a significant decrease in daily prednisone dosage and an acceptable toxicity profile. Rituximab represents a suitable therapeutic option to induce remission in SRV, but maintenance therapy seems to be necessary.
Sucrose in aqueous solution revisited, Part 2: Adaptively biased molecular dynamics simulations and computational analysis of NMR relaxation
Authors: Xia Junchao , Case David A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe report 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations, at various temperatures, of sucrose in water (with concentrations of sucrose ranging from 0.02 to 4M), and in a 7:3 water‐DMSO mixture. Convergence of the resulting conformational ensembles was checked using adaptive‐biased simulations along the glycosidic Φ and ψ torsion angles. NMR relaxation parameters, including longitudinal (R1) and transverse (R2) relaxation rates, nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOE), and generalized order parameter (S2) were computed from the resulting time‐correlation functions. The amplitude and time scales of molecular motions change with temperature and concentration in ways that track closely with experimental results, and are consistent with a model in which sucrose conformational fluctuations are limited (with 80–90% of the conformations having ϕ−ψ values within 20° of an average conformation), but with some important differences in conformation between pure water and DMSO‐water mixtures. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 289–302, 2012.
Exploring the Effect of Metal Ions and Counteranions on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Five Dodecanuclear CoII and NiII Clusters
Authors: Zhou Yan‐Ling , Zeng Ming‐Hua , Liu Xiao‐Chun , Liang Hong , Kurmoo Mohamedally 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe present the synthesis, characterization of the structures, and magnetic properties of five isostructural dodecanuclear coordination clusters of NiII and CoII: [Co12(bm)12(NO3)‐ (O2CMe)6(EtOH)6](NO3)5 (1), [Ni12(bm)12(NO3)(O2CMe)6(H2O)3‐ (EtOH)3](NO3)5⋅2 H2O (2), mixed‐metal composition (Ni/Co 1:1) [Co6Ni6(bm)12(NO3)(O2CMe)6(EtOH)6](NO3)5 (3), and [M12(bm)12(NO3)‐ (O2CMe)6(EtOH)6](ClO4)5 (M=Co (4), Ni (5)), in which Hbm=(1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)methanol. They consist of analogous structural cores that are constructed by three cubanes (M4O4) that surround the templating nitrate and bridging auxiliary acetate and the directing ligands bm. They have different magnetic behaviors. Whereas there is the absence of the out‐of‐phase ac susceptibility (χ′′) for the NiII‐based compounds 2 and 5, the CoII‐containing compounds 1, 3, and 4 have prominent χ′′ signals that exhibit frequency dependence, which indicates slow magnetic relaxation behavior above 1.8 K. In particular, the larger perchlorate counterions in 4 further change the overall correlation interaction between clusters, thus leading to an enhanced blocking temperature for the less‐symmetrical 4 (pseudo‐C3) relative to 1 and 3 (true C3). Interestingly, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) indicates that the three dodecanuclear clusters of 1–3 retain their compositions in solution. The mixed‐metal cluster cores of 3 are formed based on the nature of the interchangeability between metal centers in solution.
Preparation of Diastereomerically Pure Dilignol Model Compounds
Authors: Buendia Julien , Mottweiler Jakob , Bolm Carsten 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA gram‐scale synthetic access to diastereomerically pure dilignol β‐O‐4 type model compounds, which represent valuable candidates for studies of lignin cleavage and valorization, is described. Following a straightforward procedure both diastereoisomers of 1,3‐dilignols can be prepared. In the key‐step, tert‐butyl aryloxy esters are used as enolate precursors for additions on aldehydes. After separation, the resulting erythro and threo β‐hydroxy esters are independently reduced to afford the target compounds in high yields.
CCL2: A potential prognostic marker and target of anti‐inflammatory strategy in HIV/AIDS pathogenesis
Authors: Ansari Abdul W. , Heiken Hans , Meyer‐Olson Dirk , Schmidt Reinhold E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChemokines are critical components of the immune system that participate in immune homeostasis and alterations in chemokine balance can result in severe inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The role of chemokines and their receptors in viral infections including HIV‐1 was predicted from the early studies of HIV‐1 co‐receptor CCR5 and its ligands and a divergent role of C‐C chemokines in HIV‐1 pathogenesis has been established. For example, CCL3 (MIP‐1α), CCL4 (MIP‐1β) and CCL5 (RANTES) have been shown to possess antiviral effects by binding to the HIV‐1 co‐receptor CCR5, whereas CCL2, a pro‐inflammatory chemokine, supports HIV‐1 replication despite being a member of same chemokine family. Furthermore, the well‐established role of CCL2 in driving the Th2 immune response supports its potential role in HIV‐1/AIDS. Recent reports suggest multiple pathways of CCL2 affect HIV‐1 infection. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the role and potential mechanisms of the HIV‐1‐CCL2 interplay in driving virus‐induced immuno‐pathology, suggesting that CCL2 could be an anti‐inflammatory target in the treatment of HIV‐1 infection.
Sequential microfluidic droplet processing for rapid DNA extraction
Authors: Pan Xiaoyan , Zeng Shaojiang , Zhang Qingquan , Lin Bingcheng , Qin Jianhua 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis work describes a novel droplet‐based microfluidic device, which enables sequential droplet processing for rapid DNA extraction. The microdevice consists of a droplet generation unit, two reagent addition units and three droplet splitting units. The loading/washing/elution steps required for DNA extraction were carried out by sequential microfluidic droplet processing. The movement of superparamagnetic beads, which were used as extraction supports, was controlled with magnetic field. The microdevice could generate about 100 droplets per min, and it took about 1 min for each droplet to perform the whole extraction process. The extraction efficiency was measured to be 46% for λ‐DNA, and the extracted DNA could be used in subsequent genetic analysis such as PCR, demonstrating the potential of the device for fast DNA extraction.
High prevalence of CIC fusion with double‐homeobox (DUX4) transcription factors in EWSR1‐negative undifferentiated small blue round cell sarcomas
Authors: Italiano Antoine , Sung Yun Shao , Zhang Lei , Singer Samuel , Maki Robert G. , Coindre Jean‐Michel , Antonescu Cristina R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPrimitive round cell sarcomas of childhood and young adults have been problematic to diagnose and classify. Our goal was to investigate the pathologic and molecular characteristics of small blue round cell tumors (SBRCT) that remained unclassified after exhaustive immunohistochemistry and molecular screening to exclude known sarcoma‐related translocations. As rare examples of EWSR1‐negative SBRCT have been shown to carry rearrangements for FUS and CIC genes, we undertook a systematic screening for these two genes. CIC rearrangements by FISH were detected in 15/22 (68%), while none showed FUS abnormalities. RACE, RT‐PCR, and/or long‐range DNA PCR performed in two cases with frozen material showed that CIC was fused to copies of the DUX4 gene on either 4q35 or 10q26.3. Subsequent FISH analysis confirmed fused signals of CIC with either 4q35 or 10q26.3 region in six cases each. Tumors positive for CIC‐DUX4 fusion occurred mainly in male young adult patients (median age: 29 years), with the extremities being the most frequent location. Microscopically, tumors displayed a primitive, round to oval cell morphology with prominent nucleoli, high mitotic count, and areas of necrosis. O13 expression was variable, being either diffuse or patchy and tumors mostly lacked other markers of differentiation. Although CIC‐DUX4 resulting in a t(4;19) translocation has been previously described in primitive sarcomas, this is the first report implicating the related DUX4 on 10q26 in oncogenesis. These results suggest the possibility of a newly defined subgroup of primitive round cell sarcomas characterized by CIC rearrangements, distinct from Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PUBLIC PREFERENCES FOR RESPONSIBILITY VERSUS PUBLIC PREFERENCES FOR REDUCING INEQUALITIES
Authors: Edlin Richard , Tsuchiya Aki , Dolan Paul 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYIn cost‐utility analysis, the numbers of quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) gained are aggregated by placing the same weight on each QALY. Deviations from this rubric have been proposed on a number of grounds, including the degree to which persons might be deemed responsible for the illness faced, and inequality in lifetime health between groups. Most research has looked at these factors in isolation. This paper analyses public preferences about the relative importance of these factors. Over 500 members of the general public in the UK are interviewed in their homes. Where “blameworthy” groups experience a moderate drop in quality of life due to their behaviour, they appear to receive higher priority than an otherwise “trustworthy” group if they also experience poorer health prospects because the latter is weighted more heavily than the former. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recovery of equilibrium on star patches from conforming finite elements with a linear basis
Authors: Maunder E. A. W. , Moitinho de Almeida J. P. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYA previous technique for recovering equilibrated stresses from compatible finite element models of structural mechanics problems is extended to cover those cases where the partitioned loads applied to star patches are not initially balanced, regarding rotational equilibrium. The residual moments are removed by adding a suitable corrective stress field to the compatible one before deriving the fictitious body forces. Corrective stress fields are determined by solving another set of local problems based on subdomains that each contain elements forming a neighbourhood of a loaded kernel element. The conditions for the existence of a solution of these problems are studied for simplicial elements. The parameters that control the extended technique are assessed from numerical tests on a variety of two‐dimensional linear elastic problems based on constant strain elements for the compatible solutions. These tests are presented in the context of computing bounds on quantities of interest such as total strain energy and local reactions and displacements. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crack propagation with the extended finite element method and a hybrid explicit–implicit crack description
Authors: Fries Thomas‐Peter , Baydoun Malak 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYA method for two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional crack propagation that combines the advantages of explicit and implicit crack descriptions is presented. An implicit description in the frame of the level set method is advantageous for the simulation within the extended finite element method (XFEM). The XFEM has proven its potential in fracture mechanics as it provides accurate solutions without any remeshing during the crack simulation. On the other hand, an explicit representation of the crack, for example, by means of a polyhedron, enables a simple update of the crack during the propagation. A key aspect in the proposed method is the introduction of three level set functions that are computed exactly from the explicit representation. These functions imply a coordinate system at the crack front and serve as a basis for the enrichment. Furthermore, a simple model for the crack propagation is presented. One of the biggest achievements of the proposed method is that two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional crack simulations are treated in a consistent manner. That is, the extension from two to three dimensions is truly straightforward. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.