bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and attributable pulmonary tuberculosis notifications in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China: a health impact assessment
Authors: Popovic Igor , Soares Magalhaes Ricardo , Yang Shukun , Yang Yurong , Yang Bo-Yi , Dong Guang-Hui , Wei Xiaolin , Van Buskirk Joseph , Fox Gregory , Ge Erjia , Marks Guy , Knibbs Luke 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionLong-term exposure to fine particulate matter (≤2.5 µm (PM2.5)) has been associated with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) notifications or incidence in recent publications. Studies quantifying the relative contribution of long-term PM2.5on TB notifications have not been documented. We sought to perform a health impact assessment to estimate the PM2.5- attributable TB notifications during 2007–2017 in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR), China.MethodsPM2.5attributable TB notifications were estimated at township level (n=358), stratified by age group and summed across NHAR. PM2.5-associated TB-notifications were estimated for total and anthropogenic PM2.5mass and expressed as population attributable fractions (PAFs). The main analysis used effect and uncertainty estimates from our previous study in NHAR, defining a counterfactual of the lowest annual PM2.5(30 µg/m3) level, above which we assumed excess TB notifications. Sensitivity analyses included counterfactuals based on the 5th (31 µg/m3) and 25th percentiles (38 µg/m3), and substituting effect estimates from a recent meta-analysis. We estimated the influence of PM2.5concentrations, population growth and baseline TB-notification rates on PM2.5attributable TB notifications.ResultsOver 2007–2017, annual PM2.5had an estimated average PAF of 31.2% (95% CI 22.4% to 38.7%) of TB notifications while the anthropogenic PAF was 12.2% (95% CI 9.2% to 14.5%). With 31 and 38 µg/m3as counterfactuals, the PAFs were 29.2% (95% CI 20.9% to 36.3%) and 15.4% (95% CI 10.9% to 19.6%), respectively. PAF estimates under other assumptions ranged between 6.5% (95% CI 2.9% to 9.6%) and 13.7% (95% CI 6.2% to 19.9%) for total PM2.5, and 2.6% (95% CI 1.2% to 3.8%) to 5.8% (95% CI 2.7% to 8.2%) for anthropogenic PM2.5. Relative to 2007, overall changes in PM2.5attributable TB notifications were due to reduced TB-notification rates (−23.8%), followed by decreasing PM2.5 (−6.2%), and population growth (+4.9%).ConclusionWe have demonstrated how the potential impact of historical or hypothetical air pollution reduction scenarios on TB notifications can be estimated, using public domain, PM2.5and population data. The method may be transferrable to other settings where comparable TB-notification data are available.
Effect of retirement on loneliness: a longitudinal comparative analysis across Australia, China and the USA
Authors: Hagani Neta , Clare Philip J , Luo Mengyun , Merom Dafna , Smith Ben J , Ding Ding 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThere is evidence that the transition to retirement can bring social challenges and may increase loneliness. Few studies have examined the impact of retirement on loneliness; most have been conducted in Western countries. It is important to examine the differences in loneliness postretirement across countries to identify patterns and risk factors that might influence the health and well-being of older adults. We aimed to examine the effect of retirement on loneliness among older adults in Australia, China and the USA.MethodsLongitudinal analysis of data from population-based samples of Australian, Chinese and American adults over 50. Lagged and fully lagged adjusted models were applied. Social engagement was examined as an effect modifier and a sensitivity analysis was conducted among urban participants.ResultsRetirees had a higher predicted prevalence of loneliness than non-retirees in Australia (19.4% (95% CI 18.0% to 20.9%) vs 17.0% (95% CI 15.7% to 18.4%)) and in the USA (19.3% (95% CI 17.5% to 21.1%) vs 15.7% (95% CI 14.3% to 17.3%)). These differences were significant only in the USA. In China, loneliness was significantly lower in those who had retired (10.0% (95% CI 7.9% to 12.5%) vs 17.1% (95% CI 15.7% to 18.5%)). In Australia and the USA, voluntary retirees had the lowest loneliness and involuntary retirees had the highest. Social engagement did not modify the association between retirement and loneliness.ConclusionsOur findings imply that the effect of retirement should be considered within a cultural context to inform suitable and effective strategies to alleviate loneliness.
Associations between neighbourhood deprivation, ethnicity and maternal health outcomes in England: a nationwide cohort study using routinely collected healthcare data
Authors: Geddes-Barton Dorothea , Ramakrishnan Rema , Knight Marian , Goldacre Raph 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundIn the United Kingdom, pregnant women who live in the most deprived areas have two times the risk of dying than those who live in the least deprived areas. There are even greater disparities between women from different ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of area-based deprivation and ethnicity in the increased risk of severe maternal morbidity (SMM), in primiparous women in England.MethodsA retrospective nationwide population study was conducted using English National Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care database. All primiparous women were included if they gave birth in an National Healthcare Service (NHS) hospital in England between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2021. Logistic regression was used to examine the relative odds of SMM by Index of Multiple Deprivation and ethnicity, adjusting for age and health behaviours, medical and psychological factors.ResultsThe study population comprised 1 178 756 primiparous women. Neighbourhood deprivation increased the risk of SMM at the time of childbirth. In the fully adjusted model, there was a linear trend (p=0.001) between deprivation quintile and the odds of SMM. Being from a minoritised ethnic group also independently increased the risk of SMM, with black or black British African women having the highest risk, adjusted OR 1.84 (95% CI 1.70 to 2.00) compared with white women. There was no interaction between deprivation and ethnicity (p=0.49).ConclusionThis study has highlighted that neighbourhood deprivation and ethnicity are important, independently associated risk factors for SMM.
Improved physical functioning, sleep, work productivity and overall health-related quality of life with bimekizumab in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: results from two phase 3 studies
Authors: Dubreuil Maureen , Navarro-Compán Victoria , Boonen Annelies , Gaffney Karl , Gensler Lianne S , de la Loge Christine , Vaux Thomas , Fleurinck Carmen , Massow Ute , Taieb Vanessa , Mørup Michael F , Deodhar Atul , Rudwaleit Martin 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of bimekizumab on physical functioning, sleep, work productivity and overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with non-radiographic (nr-) and radiographic (r-) axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in the phase 3 studies BE MOBILE 1 and 2.MethodsPatients were randomised to subcutaneous bimekizumab 160 mg or placebo every 4 weeks; from Week 16, all patients received bimekizumab 160 mg every 4 weeks. We report the following outcomes to Week 52: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale Revised (MOS-Sleep-R) Index II, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: axSpA (WPAI:axSpA), Short Form-36 Physical and Mental Component Summary (SF-36 PCS/MCS) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL).ResultsAt Week 16, bimekizumab-randomised patients demonstrated significantly greater improvement from baseline versus placebo in BASFI, SF-36 PCS and ASQoL (p<0.001), and numerically greater improvements in MOS-Sleep-R Index II and WPAI:axSpA scores. Higher proportions of bimekizumab-randomised versus placebo-randomised patients at Week 16 achieved increasingly stringent thresholds for improvements in BASFI (0 to ≤4), and thresholds for meaningful improvements in SF-36 PCS (≥5-point increase from baseline) and ASQoL (≥4-point decrease from baseline). Responses were sustained or further improved to Week 52, where 60%–70% of bimekizumab-treated patients achieved BASFI ≤4 and meaningful improvements in SF-36 PCS and ASQoL, regardless of whether originally randomised to bimekizumab or placebo.ConclusionBimekizumab treatment led to early improvements in physical function, sleep, work productivity and overall HRQoL at Week 16 in patients across the full axSpA disease spectrum. Improvements were sustained to Week 52.Trial registration numbersNCT03928704;NCT03928743.
Effects of moderate alcohol consumption and hypobaric hypoxia: implications for passengers’ sleep, oxygen saturation and heart rate on long-haul flights
Authors: Trammer Rabea Antonia , Rooney Daniel , Benderoth Sibylle , Wittkowski Martin , Wenzel Juergen , Elmenhorst Eva-Maria 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundPassengers on long-haul flights frequently consume alcohol. Inflight sleep exacerbates the fall in blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) caused by the decreased oxygen partial pressure in the cabin. We investigated the combined influence of alcohol and hypobaric hypoxia on sleep, SpO2and heart rate.MethodsTwo groups of healthy individuals spent either two nights with a 4-hour sleep opportunity (00:00–04:00 hours) in the sleep laboratory (n=23; 53 m above sea level) or in the altitude chamber (n=17; 753 hPa corresponding to 2438 m above sea level, hypobaric condition). Participants consumed alcohol before one of the nights (mean±SE blood alcohol concentration 0.043±0.003%). The order of the nights was counterbalanced. Two 8-hour recovery nights (23:00–07:00 hours) were scheduled between conditions. Polysomnography, SpO2and heart rate were recorded.ResultsThe combined exposure to alcohol and hypobaric condition decreased SpO2to a median (25th/75th percentile) of 85.32% (82.86/85.93) and increased heart rate to a median (25th/75th percentile) of 87.73 bpm (85.89/93.86) during sleep compared with 88.07% (86.50/88.49) and 72.90 bpm (70.90/78.17), respectively, in the non-alcohol hypobaric condition, 94.97% (94.59/95.33) and 76.97 bpm (65.17/79.52), respectively, in the alcohol condition and 95.88% (95.72/96.36) and 63.74 bpm (55.55/70.98), respectively, in the non-alcohol condition of the sleep laboratory group (all p<0.0001). Under the combined exposure SpO2was 201.18 min (188.08/214.42) below the clinical hypoxia threshold of 90% SpO2compared with 173.28 min (133.25/199.03) in the hypobaric condition and 0 min (0/0) in both sleep laboratory conditions. Deep sleep (N3) was reduced to 46.50 min (39.00/57.00) under the combined exposure compared with both sleep laboratory conditions (alcohol: 84.00 min (62.25/92.75); non-alcohol: 67.50 min (58.50/87.75); both p<0.003).ConclusionsThe combination of alcohol and inflight hypobaric hypoxia reduced sleep quality, challenged the cardiovascular system and led to extended duration of hypoxaemia (SpO2<90%).
Superconformal blocks for stress-tensor and chiral operators for 4D $${\mathcal {N}}=2$$ superconformal field theories
Authors: Rakshit Subhadeep , Mukhopadhyay Subir 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe have computed the superconformal partial wave for the mixed correlators involving J, $$\phi $$
ϕ
, and $$\phi ^\dagger $$

ϕ
†

, where J is the superconformal primary of 4D $${{\mathcal {N}}} = 2$$

N
=
2

stress-tensor multiplet, $$\phi $$
ϕ
, and $$\phi ^\dagger $$

ϕ
†

are chiral and anti-chiral scalars, respectively in the channel $$\langle {J J}\phi \phi ^{\dagger }\rangle $$

⟨

JJ

ϕ

ϕ
†

⟩

. We have used the superembedding formalism and computed the conformal partial wave corresponding to the exchange of long multiplet using the supershadow approach. This study provides part of the ingredients necessary for the study of conformal bootstrap for mixed correlator in 4D $${{\mathcal {N}}} = 2$$

N
=
2

superconformal field theories.
Quasinormal modes of a regular black hole with sub-Planckian curvature
Authors: Zhang Dan , Gong Huajie , Fu Guoyang , Wu Jian-Pin , Pan Qiyuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the properties of the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of a regular black hole (BH) characterized by a Minkowski core and sub-Planckian curvature. When focusing on a special case, this regular BH exhibits identical large-scale behavior with the Hayward BH and some loop quantum gravity corrected (LQG-corrected) BH. A notable characteristic of the QNMs in this regular BH is the pronounced outburst of overtones when compared to the Schwarzschild BH (SS-BH). This outburst can be attributed to the deviation from the SS-BH in the near-horizon geometry region due to the quantum gravity effect. Furthermore, we compare the QNM properties of the regular BH with those of the Hayward BH and the LQG-corrected BH. A similar phenomenon of overtone outburst is observed in the modes of the overtone. As a conclusion, the QNMs may be a powerful tool for detecting the quantum gravity effect and distinguishing different BH models.
Holographic RG flows and boundary conditions in a 3D gauged supergravity
Authors: Arkhipova Ksenia , Astrakhantsev Lev , Deger Nihat Sadik , Golubtsova Anastasia A. , Gubarev Kirill , Musaev Edvard T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work we focus on the study of RG flows of conformal field theories that are holographically dual to Poincaré domain wall solutions in $$D=3$$

D
=
3

, $$\mathcal {N}=(2,0)$$

N
=
(
2
,
0
)

gauged supergravity coupled to a sigma model with target space $$\textrm{SU}(1, 1)/\textrm{U}(1) = \mathbb {H}^2$$

SU

(
1
,
1
)

/
U

(
1
)

=

H

2

. This theory is truncated to a subsector where the vector field and phase of the scalar field vanish and we consider different boundary conditions for the remaining real scalar field. The RG flows, which are mostly non-superysymmetric, are analyzed by treating the supergravity field equations as a dynamical system for the scalar field and its derivative with respect to the scale factor. Phase diagrams are constructed for different values of the parameter $$a^2$$

a
2

, which is related to the curvature of the scalar manifold. The behavior of solutions near the boundary is used to determine their type based on the expansion of the corresponding fake superpotential. By incorporating information on the boundary conditions, the obtained RG flows are interpreted using the holographic dictionary. Numerical solutions and plots of the fake superpotential are also provided.
A KPI framework to standardize the measurement of a country’s progress in bringing quantum computing into application
Authors:   Quantum Technology and Application Consortium – QUTAC, Binder Julia , Hachmann Lara , Luber Sebastian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractQuantum computing (QC) is a new and disruptive technology with large economic potential especially in application and downstream value creation stages. Hence, it is important for an economy to understand the current implementation state and to know the ecosystem to support the successful industrial application of this technology. Regularly identifying potential areas of improvement and then defining appropriate actions is necessary to ensure a leading position. Therefore, the Quantum Technology and Application Consortium (QUTAC) has developed a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) framework consisting of 24 KPIs that represent a country’s performance in applying QC. Detailed measurement guidelines and clear data sources ensure transparency of measurement, reproducibility of KPI values and comparability over time. An aggregation method allows summarizing the results of all KPIs. Thus, it is possible to assess the performance of each stakeholder involved and to calculate a single composite indicator that represents the country’s performance. The KPI framework can be adapted to any country and enables the comparison of the performance of different countries. It is a proposal for standardizing the evaluation of QC and its ecosystem on a national level. Thus, strengths and weaknesses can be identified and measurements for improvement derived. The paper highlights the development of the framework, its main features and the application of the framework to Germany. Based on the results, we will discuss the current state of QC application in Germany and make possible suggestions for improvement.
Obesogenic High-Fat Diet and MYC Cooperate to Promote Lactate Accumulation and Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Boufaied Nadia , Chetta Paolo , Hallal Tarek , Cacciatore Stefano , Lalli Daniela , Luthold Carole , Homsy Kevin , Imada Eddie L. , Syamala Sudeepa , Photopoulos Cornelia , Di Matteo Anna , de Polo Anna , Storaci Alessandra Maria , Huang Ying , Giunchi Francesca , Sheridan Patricia A. , Michelotti Gregory , Nguyen Quang-De , Zhao Xin , Liu Yang , Davicioni Elai , Spratt Daniel E. , Sabbioneda Simone , Maga Giovanni , Mucci Lorelei A. , Ghigna Claudia , Marchionni Luigi , Butler Lisa M. , Ellis Leigh , Bordeleau François , Loda Massimo , Vaira Valentina , Labbé David P. , Zadra Giorgia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Cancer cells exhibit metabolic plasticity to meet oncogene-driven dependencies while coping with nutrient availability. A better understanding of how systemic metabolism impacts the accumulation of metabolites that reprogram the tumor microenvironment (TME) and drive cancer could facilitate development of precision nutrition approaches. Using the Hi-MYC prostate cancer mouse model, we demonstrated that an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fats accelerates the development of c-MYC–driven invasive prostate cancer through metabolic rewiring. Although c-MYC modulated key metabolic pathways, interaction with an obesogenic HFD was necessary to induce glycolysis and lactate accumulation in tumors. These metabolic changes were associated with augmented infiltration of CD206+ and PD-L1+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, as well as with the activation of transcriptional programs linked to disease progression and therapy resistance. Lactate itself also stimulated neoangiogenesis and prostate cancer cell migration, which were significantly reduced following treatment with the lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor FX11. In patients with prostate cancer, high saturated fat intake and increased body mass index were associated with tumor glycolytic features that promote the infiltration of M2-like TAMs. Finally, upregulation of lactate dehydrogenase, indicative of a lactagenic phenotype, was associated with a shorter time to biochemical recurrence in independent clinical cohorts. This work identifies cooperation between genetic drivers and systemic metabolism to hijack the TME and promote prostate cancer progression through oncometabolite accumulation. This sets the stage for the assessment of lactate as a prognostic biomarker and supports strategies of dietary intervention and direct lactagenesis blockade in treating advanced prostate cancer.

Significance:
Lactate accumulation driven by high-fat diet and MYC reprograms the tumor microenvironment and promotes prostate cancer progression, supporting the potential of lactate as a biomarker and therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
See related commentary by Frigo, p. 1742
The DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor 5-Aza-4′-thio-2′-Deoxycytidine Induces C&gt;G Transversions and Acute Lymphoid Leukemia Development
Authors: Bertoli Ryan M. , Chung Yang Jo , Difilippantonio Michael J. , Wokasch Anthony , Marasco Madison R.B. , Klimaszewski Haley , Gammell Susannah , Zhu Yuelin J. , Walker Robert L. , Cao Dengchao , Khanna Ajay , Walter Matthew J. , Doroshow James H. , Meltzer Paul S. , Aplan Peter D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi), most commonly cytidine analogs, are compounds that decrease 5′-cytosine methylation. DNMTi are used clinically based on the hypothesis that cytosine demethylation will lead to re-expression of tumor suppressor genes. 5-Aza-4′-thio-2′-deoxycytidine (Aza-TdCyd or ATC) is a recently described thiol-substituted DNMTi that has been shown to have anti-tumor activity in solid tumor models. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of ATC in a murine transplantation model of myelodysplastic syndrome. ATC treatment led to the transformation of transplanted wild-type bone marrow nucleated cells into lymphoid leukemia, and healthy mice treated with ATC also developed lymphoid leukemia. Whole-exome sequencing revealed 1,000 acquired mutations, almost all of which were C&gt;G transversions in a specific 5′-NCG-3′ context. These mutations involved dozens of genes involved in human lymphoid leukemia, such as Notch1, Pten, Pax5, Trp53, and Nf1. Human cells treated in vitro with ATC showed 1,000 acquired C&gt;G transversions in a similar context. Deletion of Dck, the rate-limiting enzyme for the cytidine salvage pathway, eliminated C&gt;G transversions. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a highly penetrant mutagenic and leukemogenic phenotype associated with ATC.
Significance: Treatment with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor generates a distinct mutation signature and triggers leukemic transformation, which has important implications for the research and clinical applications of these inhibitors.
A Hypoxia-Epigenetics Axis Drives EMT in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Wirth Matthias , Schneider Günter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEpithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a classical cellular plasticity process induced by various cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic triggers. Although prominent factors, such as TGFβ, mediate EMT via well-characterized pathways, alternative avenues are less well understood. Transcriptomic subtyping of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has demonstrated that basal-like PDACs enrich a mesenchymal-like expression program, emphasizing the relevance of EMT in the disease. In this issue of Cancer Research, Brown and colleagues demonstrate the tight connection of EMT to hypoxia. Through a detailed mechanistic analysis, the authors deciphered that hypoxia-induced signals are integrated by the histone H3 lysine 36 di-methylation (H3K36me2) mark. On the one hand, hypoxia decreased activity of the H3K36me2 eraser KDM2A, while on the other hand promoting stabilization of the H3K36me2 writer NSD2. Hypoxia diminished the expression of a set of serine-threonine phosphatases, subsequently resulting in SRC kinase family-dependent activation of canonical MEK, ERK, and JNK signaling to impinge on NSD2 expression. In addition, reduced expression of the protein phosphatase PP2Cδ was linked to increased NSD2 protein expression. These discoveries illuminate the close relationship of hypoxia signaling to the epigenetic machinery and cellular plasticity processes.See related article by Brown et al., p. 1764