bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas‐phase structure and new vibrational study of methyl trifluoroacetate (CF3C(O)OCH3)
Authors: Defonsi Lestard María E. , Tuttolomondo María E. , Varetti Eduardo L. , Wann Derek A. , Robertson Heather E. , Rankin David W. H. , Ben Altabef Aida 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe molecular structure of methyl trifluoroacetate (CF3C(O)OCH3) has been determined in the gas phase from electron‐diffraction data supplemented by ab initio (MP2) and DFT calculations using different basis sets. Experimental data revealed an anti conformation with a dihedral angle θ (CCOC) = 180°. Quantum mechanical calculations indicate the possible existence of two conformers, differing by a rotation about the C(O)O bond. The global minimum represents a Cs‐symmetric structure in which the CF3 group has the anti orientation with respect to the CH3 group, but there is another potential minimum, much higher in energy, representing a Cs‐symmetric structure with a cis conformation. The preference for the anti conformation was studied using the total energy scheme and the natural bond orbital (NBO) partition scheme. Additionally, the total potential energy has been deconvoluted using a six‐fold decomposition in terms of a Fourier‐type expansion, showing that the electrostatic and steric contributions are dominant in stabilizing the anti conformer. Infrared spectra of CF3C(O)OCH3 were obtained for the gaseous and liquid phases, while the Raman spectrum was recorded for the liquid phase. Harmonic vibrational frequencies and a scaled force field have been calculated, leading to a final root mean‐square deviation of 9 cm−1 when comparing experimental and calculated frequencies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcricothyroid electromyographic monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Authors: Alon Eran E. , Hinni Michael L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine the usefulness of intraoperative nerve monitoring using an electrode placed in the midline through the cricothyroid membrane.Study Design:Retrospective records review.Methods:Patients of the otolaryngology department of our tertiary care academic medical center were identified if they had undergone either total thyroidectomy or total thyroid lobectomy accompanied by bilateral electromyographic (EMG) monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) between January 2007 and October 2007.Results:Forty‐three patients were identified who had a total throidectomy or a total thyroid lobectomy. Nineteen of the 43 had intraoperative EMG monitoring of the RLN with placement of a single EMG electrode through the cricothyroid membrane; 11 had a thyroidectomy, and eight had a thyroid lobectomy. Overall, 30 at‐risk nerves were stimulated with an EMG probe; 27 responded adequately and three (paralyzed before surgery) were unresponsive.Conclusions:Central placement of an EMG electrode through the cricothyroid membrane into the thyroarytenoid musculature is a safe and reliable technique for bilateral monitoring of the RLN that facilitates evaluation of postoperative function. Laryngoscope, 2009
Concurrent lingual thyroid and undescended thyroglossal duct thyroid without orthotopic thyroid gland
Authors: McCoul Edward D. , de Vries Egbert J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThyroglossal duct cyst and lingual thyroid are two common anomalies of thyroid gland development. Each may occur without the thyroid gland in the normal anatomic position, although the association of these three anomalies together is rare. Ectopic thyroid may function abnormally, and this determination can help guide surgical management. Therefore, early evaluation by an endocrinologist is an important part of the therapeutic approach. We report on the presentation and management of a 14‐year‐old girl with multiple foci of thyroid ectopia, absent orthotopic thyroid gland, and hypothyroidism. Laryngoscope, 2009
Product involvement in organic food consumption: Does ideology meet practice?
Authors: Tarkiainen Anssi , Sundqvist Sanna 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study assesses the level of consumers' felt involvement in four distinct product categories of organic food (coffee, bread, fruit, and flour), and examines the role of felt involvement in the broader context of organic food shopping behavior. It is shown that the reason why consumers do not buy organic food regularly despite their positive attitudes is that such ideologically formed attitudes are not present in habitual, low‐involvement shopping activities with limited problem‐solving needs as in food shopping from grocery stores. The statistical analysis of an empirical sample of 200 consumers gives substantial support to the hypothesized new organic food buying behavior model. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The dynamic landscape of the cell nucleus
Authors: Austin Christopher M. , Bellini Michel 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWhile the cell nucleus was described for the first time almost two centuries ago, our modern view of the nuclear architecture is primarily based on studies from the last two decades. This surprising late start coincides with the development of new, powerful strategies to probe for the spatial organization of nuclear activities in both fixed and live cells. As a result, three major principles have emerged: first, the nucleus is not just a bag filled with nucleic acids and proteins. Rather, many distinct functional domains, including the chromosomes, resides within the confines of the nuclear envelope. Second, all these nuclear domains are highly dynamic, with molecules exchanging rapidly between them and the surrounding nucleoplasm. Finally, the motion of molecules within the nucleoplasm appears to be mostly driven by random diffusion. Here, the emerging roles of several subnuclear domains are discussed in the context of the dynamic functions of the cell nucleus. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 19–28, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent advances on the use of separated representations
Authors: González David , Ammar Amine , Chinesta Francisco , Cueto Elías 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSeparated representations based on finite sum decompositions constitute an appealing strategy for reducing the computer resources and the calculation costs by reducing drastically the number of degrees of freedom that the functional approximations involve (the number of degrees of freedom scale linearly with the dimension of the space in which the model is defined instead of the exponential growing characteristic of mesh‐based discretization strategies). In our knowledge the use of separated representations is the only possibility for circumventing the terrific curse of dimensionality related to some highly multidimensional models involving hundreds of dimensions, as we proved in some of our former works. Its application is not restricted to multidimensional models, obviously separated representation can also be applied in standard 2D or 3D models, allowing for high resolution computations. Because its early life numerous issues persist, many of them attracting the curiosity of many research groups within the computational mechanics community. In this paper we are focusing in two issues never until now addressed: (i) the imposition of non‐homogenous essential boundary conditions and (ii) the consideration of complex geometries. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiscale and hysteresis effects in vortex pattern simulations for Ginzburg–Landau problems
Authors: Carey Graham F. , Knezevic David J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe behavior and properties of vortex pattern solutions to a benchmark Ginzburg–Landau model are investigated using hybrid continuation algorithms in conjunction with parallel adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) schemes to resolve the local vortices. The model is related to phase transition models arising in superconductivity and superfluids. The approach is based on a coupled variational formulation and finite element approximation scheme for the complex‐valued solution. The associated algorithms implement continuation treatments based on the vortex scale coherence parameter and the winding number parameter in this model. Simulation results demonstrate the behavior of non‐unique solutions, as characterized by different vortex configurations, and energy plots are used to display hysteresis effects. The complex‐valued nature of the solution also serves to illustrate some interesting open questions related to AMR strategies and error indicators for complex‐valued solution fields as well as other implications for such coupled systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐invasive prenatal detection of fetal trisomy 18 by RNA–SNP allelic ratio analysis using maternal plasma SERPINB2 mRNA: a feasibility study
Authors: Tsui Nancy B. Y. , Wong Blenda C. K. , Leung Tak Y. , Lau Tze K. , Chiu Rossa W. K. , Lo Y. M. Dennis 
Published: July 2009

AbstractObjectiveNon‐invasive prenatal diagnosis of chromosome aneuploidies has been achieved by measuring the ratio of two alleles of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in circulating placental mRNA (the RNA–SNP allelic ratio approach) in maternal plasma. We investigated the feasibility of applying this approach for the non‐invasive prenatal detection of fetal trisomy 18.MethodWe targeted serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), membrane 2 (SERPINB2) mRNA, which is transcribed from chromosome 18 and is preferentially expressed by the placenta. We developed a mass‐spectrometric assay to measure the SERPINB2 RNA–SNP allelic ratios in the placental samples and maternal plasma obtained from pregnancies involving euploid and trisomy 18 fetuses.ResultsWe were able to separate all the euploid and trisomy 18 placentas by their SERPINB2 RNA–SNP allelic ratios. The allelic ratios of the trisomy 18 placentas deviated from the reference interval established from the euploid placentas. Due to the relatively low concentrations of SERPINB2 mRNA in maternal plasma, we used pooled maternal plasma samples for analysis. We were able to identify three of the four pooled trisomy 18 plasma samples by their deviated allelic ratios when compared with the reference interval obtained from pooled euploid plasma samples.ConclusionIt is feasible to detect fetal trisomy 18 non‐invasively by maternal plasma SERPINB2 RNA–SNP analysis provided that sufficient quantities of plasma samples are used. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic changes in the hypothalamus and retroperitoneal fat from male F344 rats subjected to repeated light–dark shifts
Authors: Mishra Archana , Cheng Chung‐Hsien , Lee Wen‐Chien , Tsai Ling‐Ling 
Published: August 2009

AbstractChronic circadian desynchronization induced by repeated 12 h light–dark cycle shifts conducted twice weekly resulted in elevated food intake, body weight gain, and retroperitoneal fat mass in male F344 rats. Using a proteomic approach, we found that repeated light–dark shifts caused changes in expression levels of five hypothalamic (four upregulated) and 22 retroperitoneal fat (13 upregulated) 2‐DE protein spots. Proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and in the citric acid cycle were upregulated, indicating a positive energy balance status. In addition, the hypothalamic gamma‐amino butyric acid (GABA) aminotransferase was upregulated, thus suggesting a connection between the brain GABAeric system and the modulation of food intake. Furthermore, the upregulation of fatty acid‐binding protein 4 and the downregulation of 78 kDa glucose‐regulated protein in the fat implicated the development of insulin resistance. We observed the upregulation of two antioxidant enzymes that might serve as protection against insulin dysfunction associated with oxidative stress. Finally, the downregulation of hypothalamic voltage‐dependent anion‐selective channel protein 1 and fat ATP synthase suggested a reduction in synthesis of mitochondrial ATP. These findings are in partial agreement with those of studies of obesity induced by genotype and a high‐fat diet.
A computational study (DFT, MP2, and GIAO‐DFT) of substituent effects on protonation regioselectivity in β,β‐disubstituted vinyldiazonium cations: formation of highly delocalized carbenium/diazonium dications
Authors: Borosky Gabriela L. , Laali Kenneth K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractProtonation reactions were studied by quantum‐chemical theoretical methods (DFT and MP2) for a series of β,β‐disubstituted vinyldiazonium cations (1+–14+), bearing stabilizing electron‐releasing groups (H3CO, (H3C)2N, H3C, (H3C)3Si, as well as halogens F, Cl). Taking into account the various mesomeric forms that these species can represent, protonations at Cα, at the β‐substituent, and at Nβ were considered. The energetically most favored pathway in all cases was Cα protonation, which formally corresponds to trapping of the mesomeric diazonium ylid. Based on the computed properties (optimized geometries, NPA‐charge densities, and multinuclear GIAO‐NMR chemical shifts), the resulting dications can best be viewed as carbenium/diazonium dications, in which the carbocation is further delocalized into the β‐substituent. For the α‐nitro derivative 15, protonation of the nitro group was predicted to be the most favored reaction, while Cα‐ and Nβ‐protonation resulted in the loss of the nitronium ion. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal precipitation variability versus altitude on a tropical high mountain: Observations and mesoscale atmospheric modelling
Authors: Mölg Thomas , Chiang John C. H. , Gohm Alexander , Cullen Nicolas J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe occurrence of maximum precipitation amounts (Pmax) on tropical high mountains at mid elevations is well documented (spatial variability), but little is known about the temporal variability of precipitation in different elevation zones. The present study targets this issue by combining various types of observations on and around Kilimanjaro (East Africa, 5895 m a.s.l.) with mesoscale atmospheric modelling. In observations, the vertical moisture profiles of air masses approaching the mountain clearly differ during ‘normal’ and ‘significant’ daily precipitation events on Kilimanjaro's summit, while model experiments illustrate that the elevation zone of Pmax is shifted upslope substantially during the latter events. Large (small) differences in precipitation therefore appear in the dry (moist) high‐elevation (mid‐ and low‐elevation) zones of the mountain. This space–time pattern is evident in observations of seasonal precipitation variability on Kilimanjaro and on nearby Mount Kenya for anomalous wet seasons, which are controlled by the frequency of ‘significant’ daily events. The upslope shift of Pmax in the model is favoured by dynamical factors (stronger air ascent and higher static instability of clouds), microphysical processes (greater efficiency in converting condensate to precipitation over high‐elevation terrain), and related feedback mechanisms (stronger latent heating). Beyond the seasonal scale, tropical climate change also entails changed frequencies of dry‐ and moist‐air advection, which is demonstrated for the Kilimanjaro region over 1979–2006. Thus, long‐term changes of precipitation are probably most drastic in the dry summit zones of tropical high mountains. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Multivariate SPC for recipe preservation of batch processes
Authors: Kim Young‐il , Adams Benjamin M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe performances of the Hotelling's T2 control chart and the squared prediction error control chart based on the multi‐way principal component analysis are evaluated for monitoring within batch process variation for the purpose of recipe preservation. A nonlinear model for simulated batch process data is provided. The model allows for cross correlation of error terms at a given time period and serial correlation of error terms across time periods. The performance characterizations of the two monitoring schemes are provided for a variety of levels of cross correlation and serial correlation. The impact of the time period at which process shifts occur is also investigated for the monitoring schemes. The T2 control chart is recommended for the cases considered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple robustH∞controller design using the nonsmooth optimization method
Authors: Yazdi Ehsan Azadi , Nagamune Ryozo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a systematic technique to design multiple robustH∞controllers. The proposed technique achieves a desired robust performance objective, which is impossible to achieve with a single robust controller, by dividing the uncertainty set into several subsets and by designing a robust controller to each subset. To achieve this goal with a small number of divisions of the uncertainty set, an optimization problem is formulated. Since the cost function of this optimization problem is not a smooth function, a numerical nonsmooth optimization algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. This method avoids the use of Lyapunov variables, and therefore it leads to a moderate size optimization problem. A numerical example shows that the proposed multiple robust control method can improve the closed‐loop performance when a single robust controller cannot achieve satisfactory performance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
STAT3 Is Required for Proliferation and Maintenance of Multipotency in Glioblastoma Stem Cells
Authors: Sherry Maureen M. , Reeves Andrew , Wu Julian K. , Cochran Brent H. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) regulates diverse cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, and is frequently activated during tumorigenesis. Recently, putative glioblastoma stem cells (GBM-SCs) were isolated and characterized. These cells can self-renew indefinitely in culture, are highly tumorigenic, and retain the ability to differentiate in culture. We have found that treatment of GBM-SCs with two chemically distinct small molecule inhibitors of STAT3 DNA-binding inhibits cell proliferation and the formation of new neurospheres from single cells. Genetic knockdown of STAT3 using a short hairpin RNA also inhibits GBM-SC proliferation and neurosphere formation, confirming that these effects are specific to STAT3. Although STAT3 inhibition can induce apoptosis in serum-derived GBM cell lines, this effect was not observed in GBM-SCs grown in stem cell medium. Markers of neural stem cell multipotency also decrease upon STAT3 inhibition, suggesting that STAT3 is required for maintenance of the stem-like characteristics of these cells. Strikingly, even a transient inhibition of STAT3 leads to irreversible growth arrest and inhibition of neurosphere formation. These data suggest that STAT3 regulates the growth and self-renewal of GBM-SCs and is thus a potential target for cancer stem cell-directed therapy of glioblastoma multiforme.
Bridging scientific reasoning and conceptual change through adaptive web‐based learning
Authors: She Hsiao‐Ching , Liao Ya‐Wen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study reports an adaptive digital learning project, Scientific Concept Construction and Reconstruction (SCCR), and examines its effects on 108 8th grade students' scientific reasoning and conceptual change through mixed methods. A one‐group pre‐, post‐, and retention quasi‐experimental design was used in the study. All students received tests for Atomic Achievement, Scientific Reasoning, and Atomic Dependent Reasoning before, 1 week after, and 8 weeks after learning. A total of 18 students, six from each class, were each interviewed for 1 hour before, immediately after, and 2 months after learning. A flow map was used to provide a sequential representation of the flow of students' scientific narrative elicited from the interviews, and to further analyze the level of scientific reasoning and conceptual change. Results show students' concepts of atoms, scientific reasoning, and conceptual change made progress, which is consistent with the interviewing results regarding the level of scientific reasoning and quantity of conceptual change. This study demonstrated that students' conceptual change and scientific reasoning could be improved through the SCCR learning project. Moreover, regression results indicated students' scientific reasoning contributed more to their conceptual change than to the concepts students held immediately after learning. It implies that scientific reasoning was pivotal for conceptual change and prompted students to make associations among new mental sets and existing hierarchical structure‐based memory. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 91–119, 2010
Science learning in a leisure setting
Authors: Falk John H. , Storksdieck Martin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMost people visit a science center in order to satisfy specific leisure‐related needs; needs which may or may not actually include science learning. Falk proposed that an individual's identity‐related motivations provide a useful lens through which to understand adult free‐choice science learning in leisure settings. Over a 3‐year period the authors collected in‐depth data on a random sample of visitors to a large recently opened, hands‐on, interactive science center; collecting information on why people visited, what they did within the science center, what they knew about the subject presented upon entering and exiting, and what each individual's long‐term self‐perceptions of their own learning was. Presented is a qualitative analysis of visitor interviews collected roughly 2 years after the initial visit. Although there was evidence for a range of science learning outcomes, outcomes did appear to be strongly influenced by visitor's entering identity‐related motivations. However, the data also suggested that not only were the motivational goals of a science center visit important in determining outcomes, so too were the criteria by which visitors judged satisfaction of those goals; in particular whether goal satisfaction required external or merely internal validation. The implications for future informal science education research and practice are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47:194–212, 2010
Perennial toxigenic Planktothrix agardhii bloom in selected lakes of Western Poland
Authors: Mankiewicz‐Boczek Joanna , Gągała Ilona , Kokociński Mikołaj , Jurczak Tomasz , Stefaniak Karolina 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe presence of toxigenic blooms dominated by filamentous cyanobacterium Planktothrix agardhii with estimation of microcystins (MCs) concentration and toxicity was measured in two lakes: Bytynskie and Lubosinskie situated in Western Poland. Investigations were carried out in summer, autumn, and winter of 2007/2008 and early spring of 2008. In both lakes, a domination of P. agardhii in relation to the total cyanobacterial biomass oscillated, throughout the year, almost on the same level between 75 and 99%. The PCR analysis of mcyE gene indicated a presence of toxigenic strains in all collected samples. In addition, the result of semiquantification of mcyE gene band showed that both lakes seem to have variable, throughout the seasons, toxigenic potential with the highest density of mcyE gene in spring. Two separate methods were used: protein phosphatase inhibition assay for estimation of MCs toxicity (biological activity) and high‐performance liquid chromatography for determination of MCs concentration (quantity). The highest seasonal MCs toxicity (15.8 μg/L Bytynskie and 21.9 μg/L Lubosinskie) and concentration (34.6 μg/L Bytynskie and 52.2 μg/L Lubosinskie) were determined in autumn and indicated on a Second Alert Level, according to WHO guidelines for bathing water. The results showed the ability of toxigenic strains of cyanobacteria dominated by P. agardhii to remain and produce MCs during the whole year. This was confirmed by significant correlations between P. agardhii biomass and MCs concentrations in both lakes (r = 0.84, Bninskie and r = 0.79, Lubosinskie; P < 0.05). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 26: 10–20, 2011.