bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maatregelen tegen antidemocratische politieke partijen: de ‘escalatieladder’ ontleed
Authors: Trapman L.S.A. 
Published: May 2024

Maatregelen tegen antidemocratische politieke partijen: de ‘escalatieladder’ ontleed
Er bestaat een arsenaal aan maatregelen die genomen kunnen worden tegen politieke partijen die antidemocratische opvattingen huldigen. Oplopend in sterkte vormen deze maatregelen gezamenlijk een escalatieladder. Het gaat dan om achtereenvolgens (1) het vervolgen van individuele partijleden, (2) het nemen van bestuurlijke maatregelen tegen partijen (subsidieontzegging en zendtijdontneming) en (3) het opleggen van een partijverbod. Deze maatregelen fungeren echter alleen als escalatieladder voor zover het gaat om het bestrijden van antidemocratische uitingen die strafbaar zijn gesteld. Men denke in dat kader aan opruiing (art. 131 Sr), groepsbelediging (art. 137c Sr) en aanzetten tot haat, geweld en discriminatie (art. 137d Sr). Antidemocratische uitingen die niet strafbaar zijn, zoals een oproep tot het afschaffen van vrije en eerlijke verkiezingen, kunnen in een uiterst geval alleen met het zwaarste middel in de kiem gesmoord worden: het partijverbod is daarvoor de enige mogelijkheid. Dat is een (extra) reden om de proportionaliteit van de verbodsregeling in de aangekondigde Wet op de politieke partijen te versterken.
Kamerdebat geeft geen reden voor staatsrechtelijke ontoelaatbaarheid van de motie van het lid Yeşilgöz-Zegerius c.s
Authors: Janssen L.J.M.M. 
Published: May 2024

Kamerdebat geeft geen reden voor staatsrechtelijke ontoelaatbaarheid van de motie van het lid Yeşilgöz-Zegerius c.s
In deze bijdrage wordt de staatsrechtelijke kritiek besproken die in de Tweede Kamer is geuit op de motie van het lid Yeşilgöz-Zegerius c.s., waarin een beroep gedaan werd op het kabinet en de Eerste Kamer om een pas op de plaats te maken met het wetsvoorstel voor de Spreidingswet. Ten eerste wordt besproken dat deze motie inbreuk zou maken op de zelfstandige positie van de Eerste Kamer. Dat is niet het geval omdat de motie juridisch niet bindend is voor de Eerste Kamer. Ten tweede wordt besproken dat de motie – ook al is ze niet juridisch bindend – toch een ontoelaatbare inmenging zou zijn in de wetsprocedure bij de Eerste Kamer. Dat is niet het geval gelet op het politieke primaat van de Tweede Kamer en op de overeenkomsten tussen deze motie en de novellepraktijk. Ten derde wordt besproken dat een demissionaire minister die tevens Kamerlid is vanwege de homogeniteitsregel geen recht zou hebben om een motie in te indienen die tot het kabinet is gericht. Ook dat is niet het geval, omdat de homogeniteitsregel slechts eist dat de minister zich neerlegt bij het besluit dat de ministerraad over de motie neemt, of aftreedt.
W.J.M. Voermans, Onze Constitutie. De geschreven en ongeschreven regels van het Nederlandse staatsbestel
Authors: van Ernst T.J. 
Published: May 2024

W.J.M. Voermans, Onze Constitutie. De geschreven en ongeschreven regels van het Nederlandse staatsbestel
Na meer dan 122 jaar is ‘Onze Constitutie’ weer terug van weggeweest. Dit keer niet van Alexander de Savornin Lohman, maar van de hand van Wim Voermans. De ambitie van het boekwerk is groots: het toegankelijk maken van het constitutionele recht voor iedereen, in het bijzonder voor de doorsnee Nederlandse burger.Het boekwerk is een amalgaam van de constitutionele geschiedenis van Nederland, een inleiding tot het constitutionele recht, de Nederlandse staatsrechtwetenschap en Voermans’ kritiek daarop, in combinatie met grondwetscommentaar. Daarbij worden (onder meer) de belangrijkste historische momenten van constitutionele betekenis op bondige en handzame wijze beschreven. Ook wordt een indruk gegeven van de centrale vragen van de Nederlandse staatsrechtwetenschap. Dat is véél voor één boek en tegelijkertijd een witte raaf onder de handboeken over het constitutionele recht. In deze boekbespreking worden onderdelen van het boek besproken en enkele kanttekeningen geplaatst, onder meer over de ambitie om het constitutionele recht voor iedereen toegankelijk te maken: is dat gelukt?
Methodology for Determining Optimal Import Tariffs
Authors: Namsrai Batnasan , Ganbold Munkhbayasgalan , Davaatsedev Narandalai 
Published: May 2024

The concept of ‘comparative advantage’ has always been at the heart of national economic development policy. It refers to the export goods that one country produces better than other countries and the trading of such goods for products that other countries produce best. Mongolia is a small, landlocked country, situated at great distances from the world’s major transport channels and seaports. It mainly exports agricultural and mining products to world markets and depends on imported goods for its domestic consumption. Landlocked countries are primarily affected not only by high transportation costs but also by low competitiveness in the global market. Historically, Mongolia has benefited from the export of its raw agricultural materials, such as cashmere, wool and meat. However, rapid urbanisation, growing population needs and high import prices in recent years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, means the country must shift from its static comparative advantage of an economy to a dynamic one. Mongolia must pursue a trade policy aimed at creating value-added end products capable of meeting the demands of its domestic consumption and competing in the international arena based on development potentials and comparative advantages of the country. The objective of this paper is to illustrate how tariff optimisation could potentially be used to protect domestic industry, specifically focussing on the dairy production industry.
Apport de la TDM Thoracique dans le dépistage des cas suspects de COVID-19 au Service d’imagerie médicale du Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU) de Libreville, Gabon.
Authors: KOMBILA Ulrich Davy  , Linda Danielle IBINGA , Fernand NGOMANDA , Nicole BIVIGOU , Chelma Lucrece Osth NGUIA NKILIKISSA , Price Lehonnore ANDJUMA MINDZE , Nathanael MPOUHO , Jean Bruno BOGUIKOUMA 
Published: May 2024

Objectifs. – Evaluer l’apport de la TDM Thoracique dans le diagnostic de la COVID-19 chez les patients suspects en prenant comme référence le Test RT – PCR et secondairement déterminer les anomalies scanographiques caractéristiques associés au Test RT – PCR.
Matériels et méthodes. – Il s’est agi d’une étude rétrospective, descriptive à visée analytique, menée au service d’imagerie du CHU de Libreville. Aux vues de la disponibilité des dossiers nous avons exploité ceux de la période d’activité de mars à juin 2020, soit une période quatre mois. Cette étude a inclus tous les patients ayant une infection à SARS – CoV2 confirmée par la réaction de polymérase en chaine en temps réel (RT – PCR), après écouvillonnages nasal et/ou pharyngé et / ou les signes typiques de la pneumonie à COVID-19. Pour déterminer les anomalies scanographiques caractéristiques de la COVID-19 associées au test RT – PCR nous avons comparé 25 patients avec un test RT – PCR négatifs et 119 patients avec un test RT – PCR négatifs. Une valeur de p < 0,05 était considérée comme significative. La sensibilité de la TDM thoracique a été calculée à l’aide de la relation, Sensibilité=VP/ (VP+FN), (VP : vrai positif de la TDM : TDM positive et test RT PCR positif ; et le FN : Faux négatif de la TDM : TDM négative et test RT PCR positif). L’analyse statistique a été rendu possible grâce au logiciel SPSS 25.
Résultats. – En régression logistique multivariée, les anomalies scanographiques caractéristiques de la COVID-19 positivement associés à un test RT – PCR positif étaient : verre dépoli, (OR = 33,236, IC95% [6,939 – 59,192], p=0,0001), la condensation alvéolaire (OR = 8,093 [1,488 – 44,013] ; p=0,016). La sensibilité du scanner thoracique pour le diagnostic de la COVID-19, chez les patients suspects était de 93,2%, la spécificité de 64,2% avec une valeur prédictive positive de 90,2% et une valeur prédictive négative de 73,0%.
Conclusion. – Le diagnostic scanographique de la COVID-19 chez les patients suspects est aisé avec une bonne sensibilité et spécificité. La présence des anomalies scanographiques caractéristiques à type de verre dépoli et de condensation alvéolaire est associé à un test RT – PCR positif.
Aplicação de conceitos do lean manufactoring em fábrica arcon: nacionalização do suporte de fixação de unidades internas (IDU)
Authors: Silva Kelly Carvalho da , Pereira Luciana de Souza , Queiroz Talita Sátiro , Roberto José Carlos Alves , Almeida Victor da Silva , Lima Junior José 
Published: May 2024

Devido ao grande número de fábricas no Polo Industrial de Manaus e o aumento da concorrência comercial, as empresas estão em busca de minimizar seus custos de produção, otimizar processo e diminuir o tempo de resposta para possíveis alterações do mercado. Dentre os métodos utilizados para alcançar esse objetivo, muitas empresas utilizam o método de Lean Manufactoring (Produção Enxuta) que tem como meta diminuir todo desperdício dentro dos seus processos organizacionais. Nesse contexto, o estudo de caso aplicado nesta empresa de fabricação de ar-condicionado se justifica devido a necessidade da redução de custo no processo de aquisição da matéria prima suporte fixador do IDU, pois antes a peça era importada e a matéria prima era metal o que deixava seus valores menos competitivos. Após estudos notou-se ser viável a alteração desta peça para matéria prima plástica podendo a sua fabricação ser nacionalizada e dentro da própria empresa. Após os estudos, todas as peças foram aprovadas nos testes de qualidade e engenharia e no final calculou-se uma redução de custo de 50% na aquisição da matéria prima além de maior controle interno de demanda.
FATORES QUE CAUSAM ANSIEDADE EM PACIENTES ONCOLÓGICOS NA MEDICINA NUCLEAR
Authors: Pinheiro Bruno Bernardes Farão Marques , Motta Ana Leticia Carnevalli , Silva Mariela de Carvalho , Borges Milleny Vitória Andrade , Lima Cristiane Pereira de , Lemos Larissa Laura , Brito Tainara Costa de , Lopes Victor Eduardo Benevides 
Published: May 2024

Introdução: A Medicina Nuclear é uma ciência que se dedica à obtenção de imagens e realização de tratamentos utilizando fontes radioativas não seladas, as quais são aplicadas diretamente em pacientes oncológicos, como método diagnóstico indispensável (SOARES et al., 2020). Objetivos: A pesquisa teve como principal objetivo conhecer os fatores que causam a ansiedade nos pacientes submetidos aos exames de medicina nuclear e minimizar os sentimentos negativos frente à experiência, uma vez que a realização deste exame, em pacientes oncológicos, pode gerar sentimentos de tensão e preocupação. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo transversal em um serviço de Medicina Nuclear localizado na cidade do Sul de Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista com os pacientes voluntários, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão estabelecidos, sendo respeitados os preceitos éticos em pesquisa. Os formulários utilizados para a realização das entrevistas foram construídos a partir do modelo adaptado de construção de Guidelines, por Carla Abreu, Lisboa, 2014. Resultados e discussão: Os dados sociodemográficos apresentaram uma variação em relação a idade dos 20 participantes de ambos os sexos, de 20 a 73 anos. Dentre as mulheres, 80% realizaram o exame pela primeira vez e os homens totalizaram 60%. As mulheres entrevistadas tinham idades entre 35 e 73 anos, sendo que 36,4% possuíam ensino superior, 10% tinham apenas o ensino obrigatório e 3% apresentavam habilidades básicas de leitura e escrita. Já os homens entrevistados, com idades de 65 a 90 anos, mostraram que 40,2% possuíam habilidades básicas de leitura e escrita, 8% tinham o ensino obrigatório e 1,8% possuíam formação superior. Em relação ao conhecimento acerca do exame e a percepção em relação à ansiedade antes da realização do exame, parte dos participantes tinham conhecimentos sobre o procedimento. Em relação a aplicação da música mostrou-se como uma intervenção positiva para minimizar a ansiedade durante a realização do exame de ressonância magnética. Conclusão: Os participantes demonstraram sentimentos de ansiedade frente a realização do exame, sendo a utilização da música efetiva quanto a redução da ansiedade. A intervenção do profissional enfermeiro e técnico em Medicina Nuclear, mostrou-se fundamental para tornar esse momento menos traumático e mais confortável para os pacientes.
Protective Role of Hesperidin Nanoparticles and Hesperidin against Methotrexate-Induced Reproductive System Toxicity in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Al-Bayati Huda S. Shehab-ALdeen , Al-Zubaidi Bushra Abbas 
Published: May 2024

Background: In light of the widespread use of the drug methotrexate in the medical field and the lack of awareness of its side effects and its impact on fertility, it was necessary to search for some treatments that do not contain side effects.
Objective: find effective substances from medical plants to reduce the effect of the drug’s side effects on fertility.
Materials and Methods: The study involved a group of 30 adult male rats, rats were divided into five groups: control group These animals were dosed with Normal Saline ,second group animals that were dosed orally with Methotrexate at 1 mg/kg once a week for two consecutive months ,third group dosed orally with hesperidin (62mg/kg). The fourth group were dosed simultaneously with the hesperidin (62mg/kg) and with the 1 mg/kg Methotrexate. The fifth group were dosed with(62mg/kg) hesperidin nanoparticles and simultaneously with 1 mg/kg methotrexate orally for 60 days. The dosage amount was also chosen based on previous research, and an experiment was conducted on hemolysis and antioxidant activity to determine the safety of the dosage concentration.
Results: The Methotrexate caused a decrease in the level of sex hormones and had a negative effect on the level of sperm count and morphology, while hesperidin had a clear effect in raising the level of LH, FSH and testosterone and also sperm count and reducing abnormalities in the sperm, while on the histological level it was found that Methotrexate displays a distorted structure of the testicular tissue. This is characterized by an enlargement of the spaces between the seminiferous tubules, resulting in increased diameters. Additionally, there is a decrease in the size of the epithelial cell layer, cell necrosis, and a scarcity or absence of sperm. The cohort administered with the active compound hesperidin had a typical configuration of testicular tissue, characterized by the presence of tubules. Sperm has an oval morphology and exhibit a consistent and organized arrangement. The tubules are enveloped by a basement membrane that is composed of sperm-generating cells, including dispersed Sertoli cells with triangular nuclei. In close proximity to the cavity, the cells exhibited a larger size and had black, round nuclei, accompanied by spermatids that displayed a round or rectangular form. The presence of sperm was discovered within the interior spaces of the seminal tubules.
Conclusion: The hesperidin nanoparticles had the best effect on increasing fertility, Hesperidin played a role in reducing the amount of damage caused by the drug Methotrexate on the tissues of the reproductive system. Hesperidin had a role in restoring the level of reproductive hormones to a level similar to normal, while the nanoparticles of hesperidin had a greater role in maintaining the level of hormones in a way similar to the control groups and in protecting the reproductive tissues from the damage caused by methotrexate.
Guided Imagery and Music (GIM): Reflections on supervision in training and therapy
Authors: Frohne-Hagemann Isabelle 
Published: May 2024

Supervision is one of the scientifically neglected fields in music therapy and in GIM. One of the reasons for this is the different usage of the term in different countries. Clear definitions of supervision are needed. The author differentiates between supervision for training and job-related issues and reflects on a supervisor’s qualifications and competencies. Is an experienced GIM therapist sufficiently qualified as a supervisor or is a double qualification needed to be GIM therapist and professional supervisor? In order to give an orienting with a heuristic to be used by GIM supervisors the author refers to a multiperspective and metahermeneutic concept. Political, social, cultural, theoretical, ethical and practical dimensions are taken into consideration. An example of a supervision process is given in the form of a hermeneutic spiral including different states of consciousness and reflexivity. An example heuristic could contribute to developing a broader understanding of supervision and its goals and contents.
Neighbours and Networks
Authors: Mansell Charmian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As an itinerant work force, servants are assumed to have been fleeting and transient members of the early modern parish. Their place within communities is therefore routinely overlooked. This chapter addresses this absence and unpicks what it meant to belong for female servants in early modern England. Tracing evidence of familiarity and acquaintance, friendship, and reputation in the depositions, the chapter shows that female servants maintained connections to those they lived amongst across geographical space and over time. Depositions offer evidence of friendships and networks which they forged and relied upon when litigating in court. Female servants might leverage support from former masters and mistresses, but the lingering spectre of obligation and gratitude of service could also entrench them in unwanted social relationships. Coercion within service could continue even once the servant had left, with obligations entrenched in the servant–master relationship. Equally, friends from geographically disparate places could be mobilised by servants for support, reminding us of service’s longer legacy. In turn, the chapter also calls for a reconsideration of the geographical underpinnings of the concept ‘community’ to incorporate networks beyond the parish or neighbourhood.
Conclusion
Authors: Mansell Charmian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This concluding chapter draws together the themes of service that have been explored in the book and reflects on their historiographical significance. It returns to the four women with whom the book began and the simple question posed in the Introduction: who were these servants? The book reflects on the variability of experiences of service for women and concludes that what it meant to be a servant was in flux. At its core, all ‘servant’ signified was a labour relationship. In showing such variability, the chapter concludes that many of the social and legal mechanisms – household patriarchy and labour laws, for example – that underpinned service did not function as hoped. The chapter shows that even servants whose experiences appear typical (such as life-cycle servants) ultimately resist the tropes of service that have come to dominate scholarship.
Social Security during State-Building
Authors: Šustrová Radka 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The monograph opens with the debates on social welfare reform across its many branches in interwar Czechoslovakia and Germany from 1918 to 1938. Chapter 1 maps social security during the process of building interwar states in the swiftly changing political atmosphere of the 1930s. Rather than a linear story of success and modernisation, this chapter focusses on how the social security programme was negotiated and transformed owing to the challenges of the Great Depression and the rise of political radicalism in the 1930s. Special attention is paid to Germany, 1933–1938, when the Nazi regime was in the consolidation phase; this is the only period of its existence when it is possible to follow its social programme in its entirety.
Ancient Synagogues in Palestine
Authors: Magness Jodi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Dozens of ancient synagogues have been discovered around the Mediterranean, most of which date to the fourth-sixth centuries CE and are concentrated in Palestine. In his 1930 Schweich Lectures, Eleazar Sukenik established a typology and chronology for these buildings. This volume evaluates Sukenik’s conclusions in light of new discoveries since his time. It opens with an overview of ancient synagogues in Palestine, followed by a survey of the historiography of the study of these buildings, highlighting its ideological roots in the early Zionist movement. The last two chapters examine the evidence for the dating of the synagogues at Khirbet Wadi Hamam and Capernaum. The results indicate that instead of being sequential – as Sukenik thought – different synagogue types were contemporary or overlapped and date to the fourth-sixth centuries CE. This conclusion contradicts a widely accepted view that late antique Jewish communities in Palestine suffered and declined under supposedly oppressive Christian rule.
Ancient Synagogues in Palestine: An Overview
Authors: Magness Jodi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Nearly a century has passed since Eleazar Lipa Sukenik delivered the Schweich Lectures on the topic of ancient synagogues in Palestine and Greece, which were published four years later by the British Academy. Sukenik established a typology and chronology of synagogue buildings in Palestine, consisting of an earlier (Galilean) type of the second to third centuries, and a later (Byzantine) type of the fifth and sixth centuries. Eventually, the typology was expanded to include a third (Transitional) type dating to the fourth and fifth centuries. Sukenik’s typology and chronology are still tremendously influential. However, since his time dozens more synagogues have been discovered and excavated, necessitating a reconsideration of his conclusions. This chapter sets the stage by providing an overview of ancient synagogues in Palestine and introducing readers to the traditional typology and chronology.
Capernaum
Authors: Magness Jodi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins by evaluating a recent claim that the white limestone synagogue at Capernaum – which the authors say was constructed in the third century and rebuilt after the earthquake of 363 CE – served a community of Jews who are called minim in rabbinic literature due to their contacts with Christian pilgrims to the site. This is followed by a fine-grained analysis of the archaeological evidence for the dating of the white limestone synagogue, the domus ecclesia, and the octagonal church at Capernaum.
Potensi Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco sebagai inhibitor enzim HMGCoA reductase
Authors: Rizkiyah Noor Annisa , Agutin Elvina Astria , Samsul Hadi  
Published: May 2024

Peningkatan kadar kolesterol adalah risiko utama faktor penyakit arteri koroner. Penyakit ini merupakan masalah besar di negara-negara maju dan saat ini mempengaruhi 13 hingga 14 juta orang. Tanaman yang berpotensi dikembangkan adalah Aegiceras corniculatum. Penelitian ini menggunaan metode docking. Software doking yang dipergunakan adalah Autodok4 pada mode rigid docking. Bahan yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah senyawa yang terkandung dalam A. corniculatum yaitu Epigallocatechin, Gallocatechin, Epicatechin-3-Ogallate, Epicatechin, Quercetin ,Kaempferol, Isorhamnetin dan Embelin. Visualisasi menggunakan Discovery studio. Analisis data menggunakan energi Gibbs dan adanya ikatan Hidrogen. Hasil skor docking Epicatechin-3-Ogallate dengan energi Gibbs -6.191 kcal/mol, terbuntuk ikatan hidrogen dengan GLY860, GLU 559 dan ARG568. Isorhamnetin memiliki energi Gibbs -5.657 dan terbentuk ikatan hidrogen dengan residu HIS752, ASN 755 dan Glu 559. Quercetin memiliki energi GIBS -5.547 ketika berikata dengan enzim dan membentuk ikatan hidrogen dengan HIS752 dan GLU 559. Epicatechin membentuk ikatan hidrogen dengan GLU 559 dan ARG 568 sehingga diperoleh energi Gibbs sebesar -5.473. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan senyawa yang dari Aegiceras corniculatum yang berpotensi menghambat kerja enzim HGM CoA Reductase adalah Epicatechin-3-Ogallate.