bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncologic doses of zoledronic acid induce osteonecrosis of the jaw-like lesions in rice rats (Oryzomys palustris) with periodontitis
Authors: Aguirre J Ignacio , Akhter Mohammed P , Kimmel Donald B , Pingel Jennifer E , Williams Alyssa , Jorgensen Marda , Kesavalu Lakshmyya , Wronski Thomas J 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Though osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is temporally-associated with the use of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs), a cause-and-effect relationship has not yet been established. We hypothesize that ONJ is a two-stage process in which: (1) risk factors initiate pathologic processes in the oral cavity that lead to a supranormal rate of hard tissue necrosis; and (2) powerful antiresorptives reduce the rate of removal of necrotic bone sufficiently to allow its net accumulation in the jaw. To test this hypothesis, we used the rice rat model of periodontitis. At age 28 days, rats (n = 15/group) were placed on a high-sucrose and casein diet to exacerbate the development of periodontitis. Animals were injected subcutaneously (SC) biweekly with vehicle or alendronate (ALN, 15 µg/kg), or IV once monthly with vehicle, a low dose (LD) of zoledronic acid (ZOL), or a high dose (HD) of ZOL and sacrificed after 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks. Mandibles and maxillae were analyzed to determine the effects on the: (1) progression of periodontitis; (2) integrity of alveolar bone; (3) status of bone resorption and formation; (4) vascularity; and (5) osteocyte viability. We found that only HD-ZOL induced ONJ-like lesions in mandibles of rice rats after 18 and 24 weeks of treatment. These lesions were characterized by areas of exposed necrotic alveolar bone, osteolysis, a honeycomb-like appearance of the alveolar bone, presence of bacterial colonies, and periodontal tissue destruction. In addition, inhibition of bone formation, a paradoxical abolition of the antiresorptive effect of only HD-ZOL, increased osteocyte necrosis/apoptosis, and decreased blood vessel number were found after 18 and/or 24 weeks. Our study suggests that only HD-ZOL exacerbates the inflammatory response and periodontal tissue damage in rice rats, inducing bone lesions that resemble ONJ. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Prediction of the properties and thermodynamics of formation for energetic nitrogen‐rich salts composed of triaminoguanidinium cation and 5‐nitroiminotetrazolate‐based anions
Authors: Zhu Weihua , Yan Qingli , Li Jinshan , Cheng Bibo , Shao Yuling , Xia Xuelan , Xiao Heming 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDensity functional theory and volume‐based thermodynamics calculations were performed to study the effects of different substituents and linkages on the densities, heats of formation (HOFs), energetic properties, and thermodynamics of formation for a series of energetic nitrogen‐rich salts composed of triaminoguanidinium cation and 5‐nitroiminotetrazolate anions. The results show that the NO2, NF2, or N3 group is an effective substituent for increasing the densities of the 5‐nitroiminotetrazolate salts, whereas the effects of the bridge groups on the density are coupled with those of the substituents. The substitution of the group NH2, NO2, NF2, N3, or the nitrogen bridge is helpful for increasing the HOFs of the salts. The calculated energetic properties indicate that the NO2, NF2, N3, or NN group is an effective structural unit for improving the detonation performance for salts. The thermodynamics of formation of the salts show that all the salts may be synthesized easily by the proposed reactions. The structure‐property relationships provide basic information for the molecular design of novel high‐energy salts. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment and survival of osseous renal cell carcinoma metastases
Authors: Evenski Andrea , Ramasunder Shalini , Fox William , Mounasamy Varatharaj , Temple H. Thomas 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundRenal cell carcinoma is the seventh leading cause of cancer deaths. Studies have shown patients with solitary osseous metastases have a better prognosis; however, methods of resection are not well defined. The purpose of this study was to review factors associated with survival and assess the impact of wide versus intralesional management on function and disease‐specific outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma metastases.MethodsSixty‐nine patients with 86 osseous renal cell metastases were reviewed. Potential factors associated with survival were evaluated with Kaplan–Meier curves. ANOVA was performed to compare means between groups.ResultsOne year survival for the group was 77% and 32.5% at 5 years. The absence of metastatic disease at presentation, nephrectomy, and pre‐operative status were associated with improved survival. There was a lower rate of local recurrence with wide resection (5%) versus intralesional procedures (27%).ConclusionsImproved pre‐operative status, nephrectomy, and metachronous lesions had better overall survival. Wide resection results in decreased local recurrence and revision surgeries. However, it did not reliably predict improved survival. Our recommendation is for individual evaluation of each patient with osseous renal cell carcinoma metastases. Wide excision may be used for resectable lesions to prevent local progression and subsequent surgeries. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:850–855. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation and management of adrenal incidentaloma
Authors: Bittner James G. , Brunt L. Michael 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAdrenal incidentaloma is the most common adrenal neoplasm encountered in clinical practice. The timely, accurate, and cost‐effective evaluation and management of adrenal lesions found incidentally can be challenging for clinicians. Evaluation begins with biochemical screening and additional imaging. Management strategies vary by patient factors and tumor characteristics. Adrenalectomy is indicated for lesions that are hormonally active, larger than 4–5 cm, symptom‐related, and have an imaging appearance that is atypical of a benign lesion. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:557–564. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Turning a Global Crisis into a Tourism Opportunity: the Perspective from Tuvalu
Authors: Prideaux Bruce , McNamara Karen Elizabeth 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2008/2009 had a major impact on many small island states. In the case of Tuvalu, the GFC uncovered structural weaknesses in the national economy including the need to build alternative sources of income. Given the country's location and its rich marine resources, tourism is possibly the only new industry that has some capacity to generate new revenue streams. This article examines the problems that the country will face if it decides to pursue tourism and offers three options for tourism development including diving, ‘off the beaten track’ experiences and voyeuristic ‘last chance’ tourism. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Well‐Defined Amphiphilic Poly(2‐oxazoline) ABA‐Triblock Copolymers and Their Aggregation Behavior in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Krumm Christian , Fik Christoph P. , Meuris Monika , Dropalla Georg J. , Geltenpoth Helma , Sickmann Albert , Tiller Joerg C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSelf‐organization of block copolymers in solution is a way to obtain advanced functional superstructures. The synthesis of well‐defined polymethyloxazoline‐block‐polyphenyloxazoline‐block‐polymethyloxazoline triblock copolymers is described and proven by 1H NMR spectroscopy, SEC, and ESI–MS. The surprisingly water‐ soluble block copolymers do self‐organize in aqueous solutions uniquely forming three coexisting well‐defined structures: unimolecular micelles, micellar aggregates, and very form‐stable polymersomes. This is the first example of a polymersome forming ABA‐triblock copolymer with a glassy middle block. The spherical vesicles are analysed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It could be shown that these vesicles are indeed hollow spheres.
Predicting the extent of hydrophilicity on Si nano‐column surfaces
Authors: Can M.F. , Guvendik S. , Benli B. , Trabzon L. , Kizil H. , Celik M.S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractControlling the wettability of nano textured surface structures is essential for understanding of its role particularly in biomedical applications. The main objective of this study is to explore the wetting mechanism of a water drop on a nano textured Si surface. Si nano‐columns with 4‐, 3‐ and 2‐fold in‐plane symmetries were grown on p‐type (100) Si wafer by oblique angle deposition (OAD). The surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The contact angle technique was used to reveal the wetting characteristics of these textured surfaces. Experimental results were compared with the theoretical contact angle calculations derived from the Young, Wenzel and Cassie‐Baxter equations in order to identify the conditions for the minimum free energy of the drop. Water droplets on all plenary symmetries water droplets showed good agreement with the Cassie‐Baxter model of Sunny side up. These findings were used to simulate the extent of the hydrophilicity on the fabricated textures by taking the contact angle hysteresis (CAH) into account.
Moving toward a more realistic material model of a ductile material with failure mode transition
Authors: Écsi L. , Élesztös P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this paper a universal mathematical model using fully coupled thermal‐structural finite element analysis capable of predicting ductile‐to‐brittle failure mode transition at high strain rates is presented. Appropriate equivalent strain measures describing the onset and the growth of ductile and total damage and heat generation rate per unit volume for dissipation‐induced heating have been proposed. The model was implemented into a finite element code using the updated Lagrangian formulation for finite strains, the von Mises material model with isotropic hardening and the Jaumann rate, in the form of the Green‐Naghdi rate, in the co‐rotational Cauchy's stress update calculation. Plastic bending of a cantilever was studied, applying constant pressure as stepped load to 1/3 of the upper surface of the beam. The analysis result shows that at higher strain rates the ductile damage value is significantly lower than the value of the total damage, while at low strain rates their values are approximately identical, thus the model is likely to open new perspectives in the study and numerical simulation of the behaviour of ductile materials.
Strength capacity of square reinforced concrete slabs
Authors: Matešan D. , Radnić J. , Grgić N. , Čamber V. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe results of three experimentally tested simply supported square concrete slabs with three different arrangements of the total bottom reinforcement are presented firstly. The slabs were incrementally loaded up to failure by a short‐term static force at the slab mid‐span. The previously developed numerical model of the authors for non‐linear analysis of concrete plates and shells was additionally verified by the determined experimental values. The effect of different bottom tensile reinforcement arrangements of simply supported square concrete slabs subjected to uniformly distributed load was examined by this model. The main conclusion related to the examined research is that the reinforcement arrangement of simply supported square concrete slab does not significantly affect its limit strength capacity and ductility.
Optimization of periodic truss materials including constitutive symmetry constraints
Authors: Guth D. C. , Luersen M. A. , Muñoz‐Rojas P. A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPeriodic truss materials (PTM) – or Lattice Block Materials (LBM) – belong to the family of the so called ultralight cellular materials, which have attractive engineering properties such as high stiffness/weight ratio and high energy absorption capability. These materials are obtained by the periodic repetition of a unit cell given by a truss structure, so that the orientation of the bars and the cross sectional areas define the material′s macroscopic behavior. In recent years, the development of new process technologies for manufacturing PTMs have brought increased interest in modeling their structural and thermal behavior. In addition to usual analytical and numerical approaches for analyzing the effect of different unit cell configurations on macroscopic properties, optimization techniques have been applied in order to tailor unit cells for achieving desired macroscopic constitutive properties. The present contribution uses mathematical programming for tailoring PTMs through a number of optimization problems in which selected homogenized elastic or thermal constitutive properties are maximized, at the same time that isotropy tries to be enforced by the inclusion of adequate material symmetry constraints. Cross sectional areas and nodal coordinates of the bars are adopted as design variables. 2D examples are presented showing qualitative agreement with results available for 2D elasticity.
Formation of 1‐dimensional (1D) and 3‐dimensional (3D) ZnO nanostructures by oxidation and chemical methods
Authors: Lockman Z. , Razak K. A. , Huat T. K. , Kian T. W. , Li L. C. , Kawamura G. , Matsuda A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThermal oxidation of Zn foils resulted in surface oxides with various morphologies depending on the oxidation temperature, time and atmosphere. Oxidation in air resulted in the formation of 3‐dimensional ZnO nanosheets at 350°C and at 400°C ZnO nanorods were observed. ZnO nanorods were formed due to the fast diffusion mechanism of Zn2+ at specific diffusion path whereas vapour‐solid growth at temperatures near the sublimation temperature of the Zn induced the nanosheets formation. At lower temperatures than 350°C and at shorter oxidation time, fine circular particulates formed on the Zn foil. This foil was then used as a seed layer for the growth of ordered nanostructures by either anodic oxidation or hydrothermal process. For the hydrothermal process, self‐aligned single crystalline hexagonal nanorods were formed perpendicular to the seeded substrate by the reaction between hexamethyletramine (HMT) and Zn2+. On the other hand, anodic oxidation of the seeded Zn foil in KOH at 20V resulted in the formation of the uniform 3‐dimensional nanosheets structure by dissolution and precipitation processes.
Substituting conventional steel alloys by carbon fibre composites in structural parts of an existing laser cutting equipment
Authors: Vieira D.G.P. , Meireles J.F. , Nunes J.P. , da Silva L.F.M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn the present work, a finite element (FE) analysis was employed to validate the use of advanced carbon fibre composites as replacement of traditional low‐alloy steel in the construction of the main runway frame structure of a laser cutting equipment currently available in the market. This new composite solution was adopted to increase the current laser equipment precision and cutting speed. The main objective was to enhance the machine cutting performance by using much stiffer and lighter main structural runway frames to support the machine cutting head and all major laser beam mirrors and lens, which allows decreasing dramatically the inertial and vibration efforts developed in service through the use of carbon fibre composites. The paper presents, compares and discusses the mechanical and dynamical behaviour obtained in the FE simulations made by using both solutions, the current one based on a steel frame and the new innovative composite adopted structure. The processing method to be used in the production of the innovative composite structure is also proposed. Finally, as production costs may also have an important impact on final equipment commercial price and acceptation, an economical study considering both manufacturing situations (currently used and new one) are discussed.
Multi‐Criteria Evaluation for Collaborative Circulating Farming with Collective Operations Between Arable and Cattle Farmers
Authors: Hayashida Tomohiro , Nishizaki Ichiro , Ueda Yoshifumi , Honda Hikaru 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTTokachi sub‐prefecture in Hokkaido is one of the most famous dairy and crop farming regions in Japan. It is known that Tokachi is faced with various difficult problems such as soil degradation, water contamination and unpleasant odours because of the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and inappropriate treatment of livestock excretion. In this paper, we focus on Shihoro town where agricultural outputs are relatively large in Tokachi, and propose collaborative circulating farming with collective operations between arable and cattle farmers. Under the assumption that the decision‐maker in this problem is a representative of a farming organization who hopes for sustainable agricultural development and values the intentions of local residents including arable and cattle farmers in this region, we employ multi‐attribute utility theory in order to evaluate multiple alternatives of the farming management problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Corticotropin Releasing Factor System in the Kidney: Perspectives for Novel Therapeutic Intervention in Nephrology
Authors: Devetzis Vassilis , Zarogoulidis Paul , Kakolyris Stylianos , Vargemezis Vassilis , Chatzaki Ekaterini 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe adaptation to endogenous and exogenous stress stimuli is crucial for survival but also for the onset of various diseases in humans. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) system is the major regulator of stress response and homeostasis. The members of this family of peptides extend their actions also outsideCNSto the periphery where they may affect various body systems independently, acting via vagal and/or autocrine/paracrine pathways. In search for peripheral targets, kidney has rarely been studied separately, regarding expression and action ofCRFandCRF‐related peptides. We reviewed the existing literature concerning expression and action of theCRFsystem in normal and pathological renal tissue and explored possible clinical implications in nephrology.CRFsystem components are expressed in the kidney of experimental animals and in humans. The intrarenal distribution is reported to be equally extensive, suggesting a physiological or pathophysiological role in renal function and in the occurrence of renal disease. Urocortins have given multiple interesting observations in experimental models of renal disease and clinical studies, showing robust effects in renal regulation mechanisms. We summarize the relevant data and put them in context, proposing applications with clinical significance in the field of hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, cardiorenal syndrome, and peritoneal dialysis.
Lower TGFß serum levels and higher frequency of IFNγ‐producing T cells during early immune reconstitution in surviving children after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wiegering Verena , Winkler Beate , Haubitz Imme , Wölfl Matthias , Schlegel Paul G. , Eyrich Matthias 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is increasingly used as a salvage therapy for patients with high‐risk malignancies as well as life‐threatening non‐malignant diseases. However, only limited data about the association between outcome and functional parameters of recovering lymphocytes are available so far.ProceduresIn this prospective study of 19 pediatric SCT recipients, we serially evaluated immune parameters quantitatively and qualitatively before and throughout allogeneic SCT. These data were analyzed with respect to survival.ResultsAge, gender, GvHD, and type of graft were not different between surviving and non‐surviving patients. Notably, in our cohort there was no case of transplant‐related or infectious mortality. However, with the exception of two patients with advanced MDS, all patients not in complete remission (CR) relapsed in addition to three patients in higher CR (n = 7). All seven patients relapsing after allogeneic SCT later succumbed to their disease recurrence. Uni‐ and multivariate analysis showed that relapsing patients had higher TGFß serum levels as well as lower percentages of IFNγ‐producing T cells before and early after transplantation. Furthermore, relapsing patients had a further decline in their thymic function between day 60 and 120 whereas non‐relapsing patients already showed increasing TREC values during this time interval.ConclusionsCollectively, patients who later relapse show a different pattern of immune reconstitution before and at early time points post‐transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 121–128. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure–property relationships in polyhydroxyurethanes produced from terephthaloyl dicyclocarbonate with various polyamines
Authors: Benyahya Sofia , Habas Jean‐Pierre , Auvergne Rémi , Lapinte Vincent , Caillol Sylvain 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article focuses on the synthesis and characterization of polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) obtained from the reaction between bis[(2‐oxo‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl)methyl]benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate (DCter) and various diamines (aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and oligomeric) or polyamines (diethylenetriamine (DETA) and diethylenetetramine (TETA)). The temperature and time conditions associated with each step‐growth polyaddition were defined by rheological tests directly performed on the reactive mixture. The chemical structures of DCter‐based PHUs containing primary and secondary alcohol groups were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments were performed on the various PHUs in order to investigate the influence of the chemical structure of the amines on the thermal properties of the polymers. Two different kinds of PHUs were obtained. On the one hand, the use of diamines led to thermoplastic polymers with a glass transition temperature (Tg) ranging from 4 to 78 °C depending on the flexibility of the diamine involved in the reaction. The hierarchy based on PHU Tg could be verified using the Van Krevelen methodology. On the other hand, PHUs produced from polyamines TETA and DETA were found to be insoluble and infusible due to the creation of polymeric networks. The DCter–DETA polymer had a higher Tg revealing a probable difference in the reactivity of primary and secondary amine groups. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
World‐record Cu(In,Ga)Se2‐based thin‐film sub‐module with 17.4% efficiency
Authors: Wallin Erik , Malm Ulf , Jarmar Tobias , Edoff Olle Lundberg, Marika , Stolt Lars 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe report a new certified world‐record efficiency for thin‐film Cu(In,Ga)Se2‐based photovoltaic sub‐modules of 17.4% (aperture area). The record efficiency of the 16 cm2, monolithically integrated, sub‐module has been independently confirmed by Fraunhofer ISE. The record device is the result of extensive co‐optimization of all processing steps. During the optimization process, strong focus has been put on the scalability of processes to cost‐effective mass production, as reflected, for example, in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 deposition time and substrate temperature. Device manufacturing as well as results of electrical and material characterization is discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.