bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of arsenic from simulated groundwater using GAC‐Cu in batch reactor: Kinetics and equilibrium studies
Authors: Mondal P. , Mohanty B. , Majumder C. B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper deals with kinetics and equilibrium studies on the adsorption of arsenic species from simulated groundwater containing arsenic (As(III):As(V):: 1:1), Fe, and Mn in concentrations of 0.188, 2.8, and 0.6 mg/L, respectively, by Cu2+ impregnated granular‐activated carbon (GAC‐Cu). Effects of agitation period and initial arsenic concentration on the removal of arsenic species have also been described. Although, most of the arsenic species are adsorbed within 8 h of agitation, equilibrium reaches after ∼24 h. Amongst various kinetic models investigated, the pseudo‐second order model is more adequate to explain the adsorption kinetics and film diffusion is found to be the rate‐controlling step for the adsorption of arsenic species on GAC‐Cu. Freundlich isotherm is adequate to explain the adsorption equilibrium. However, empirical polynomial isotherm gives more accurate prediction on equilibrium specific uptakes of arsenic species. Maximum specific uptake (qmax) for the adsorption of As(T) as obtained from Langmuir isotherm is 180 µg/g.
Selection of simplified models: II. Development of a model selection criterion based on mean squared error
Authors: Wu Shaohua , McAuley K. B. , Harris T. J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSimplified models (SMs) with a reduced set of parameters are used in many practical situations, especially when the available data for parameter estimation are limited. A variety of candidate models are often considered during the model formulation, simplification, and parameter estimation processes. We propose a new criterion to help modellers select the best SM, so that predictions with lowest expected mean squared error can be obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed criterion for selecting simplified nonlinear univariate and multivariate models is demonstrated using Monte‐Carlo simulations and is compared with the effectiveness of the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC).
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Rare Earth Metal Chlorides Bearing Bridged‐Indenyl Ancillary Ligand
Authors: Wang Yibin , Feng Xiaoying , Luo Yunjie , Zhang Yong , Liang Hongze 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTwo new rare earth metal chloride complexes supported by a bridged‐indenyl ancillary ligand, [C9H6SiMe2‐ (CH2)2SiMe2C9H6]Ln(µ‐Cl)2Li(TMEDA) [Ln=Y (1), Lu (2)], were synthesized via salt metathesis reaction. Reaction of C9H7SiMe2(CH2)2SiMe2C9H7 with 2 equiv. of n‐butyllithium in hexane at room temperature afforded [C9H6SiMe2‐ (CH2)2SiMe2C9H6]Li2 as white powder in 95% isolated yield. Further treatment of [C9H6SiMe2(CH2)2SiMe2‐ C9H6]Li2 with anhydrous LnCl3 in 1:1 molar ratio in THF/TMEDA at room temperature provided the bridged‐indenyl rare earth metal chlorides 1 and 2 in 86%–89% isolated yields. Both complexes were characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X‐ray single crystal structure analysis. The central metals in both complexes are eight‐coordinated by two indenyl ligands in η5‐fashion, and two chlorine atoms to adopt a distorted tetrahedral geometry.
Silica Gel‐Supported Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA/SiO2): An Efficient and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Facile Synthesis of 14‐Aryl‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes under Solvent‐free Conditions
Authors: Khojastehnezhad Amir , Davoodnia Abolghasem , Bakavoli Mehdi , Tavakoli‐Hoseini Niloofar , Zeinali‐Dastmalbaf Mohsen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA simple, efficient and green method for the synthesis of 14‐aryl‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes by a one‐pot condensation reaction of β‐naphthol and aryl aldehydes using silica gel‐supported polyphosphoric acid (PPA/SiO2), an effective and reusable catalyst, under solvent‐free conditions is described. The present methodology offers several advantages, such as a simple procedure with an easy work‐up, short reaction times, high yields, and the absence of any volatile and hazardous organic solvents.
On‐line Solid Phase Extraction of Copper in Water Samples with Flow Injection Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Çetin Tülin , Ülgen Ahmet , Tokalıoğlu Şerife 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn on‐line solid phase extraction method for the preconcentration and determination of Cu(II) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry has been described. The procedure is based on the retention of Cu(II) ions at pH 6.0 on a minicolumn packed with Amberlite XAD‐1180 resin impregnated with chrome azurol S. After preconcentration, Cu(II) ions adsorbed on the impregnated resin were eluted by 1 mol L−1 HNO3 solution. Several parameters, such as pH, type of eluent, flow rates of sample and eluent solutions, amount of resin were evaluated. At optimized conditions, for 3.5 min of preconcentration time, the system achieved a detection limit of 1.0 µg L−1, and a relative standard deviation of 1.2% at 0.2 µg mL−1 copper. An enrichment factor of 56‐fold was obtained with respect to the copper determination. The proposed method was successfully validated by the analysis of standard reference material (TMDA 54.4 lake water) and recovery studies. The method was applied to the preconcentration of Cu(II) in natural water samples.
Nutritional intervention with fish oil provides a benefit over standard of care for weight and skeletal muscle mass in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Murphy Rachel A. , Mourtzakis Marina , Chu Quincy S.C. , Baracos Vickie E. , Reiman Tony , Mazurak Vera C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Involuntary weight loss is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity in patients with advanced cancer. Nutritional intervention with fish oil (FO)‐derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may prevent deterioration of body composition. This study compared intervention with FO with standard of care (SOC; no intervention) with regard to weight, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue in newly referred patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer from the time of initiation to completion of first‐line chemotherapy.METHODS:Forty patients completed the study; there were 16 in the FO group (dose of 2.2 g of EPA/day) and 24 patients in the SOC group. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue were measured using computed tomography images. Blood was collected and weight was recorded at baseline and throughout chemotherapy.RESULTS:Patients in the SOC group experienced an average weight loss of 2.3 ± 0.9 kg whereas patients receiving FO maintained their weight (0.5 ± 1.0 kg) (P = .05). Patients with the greatest increase in plasma EPA concentration after FO supplementation were found to have the greatest gains in muscle (r2 = 0.55; P = .01). Approximately 69% of patients in the FO group gained or maintained muscle mass. Comparatively, only 29% of patients in the SOC group maintained muscle mass, and overall the SOC group lost 1 kg of muscle. No difference in total adipose tissue was observed between the 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS:Nutritional intervention with 2.2 g of FO per day appears to provide a benefit over SOC, resulting in the maintenance of weight and muscle mass during chemotherapy. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Preoperative hypogonadism is not an independent predictor of high‐risk disease in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy
Authors: Salonia Andrea , Gallina Andrea , Briganti Alberto , Abdollah Firas , Suardi Nazareno , Capitanio Umberto , Colombo Renzo , Freschi Massimo , Rigatti Patrizio , Montorsi Francesco 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:A study was undertaken to assess the association between either preoperative serum total testosterone (TT) or hypogonadism (defined as TT <3 ng/mL) with high‐risk prostate cancer (PCa) (defined as patients with pathological extracapsular extension [ECE], seminal vesicle invasion [SVI], or Gleason grades ≥4 + 3 [high‐grade PCa]) at radical prostatectomy (RP).METHODS:A cohort of 673 consecutive Caucasian‐European patients who underwent RP at a single institute was used. None of the patients had taken any hormonal neoadjuvant treatment or other hormonal preparations during the previous 12 months. Serum TT was measured the day before surgery (8‐10 AM) in all cases. Logistic regression models tested the associations among predictors (eg, prostate‐specific antigen, clinical stage, biopsy Gleason sum, body mass index, and TT) and ECE, SVI, and high‐grade PCa.RESULTS:Median TT was 4.5 ng/mL (mean, 4.5; range, 0.02‐13.6). Hypogonadism was found in 144 (21.4%) patients, and severe hypogonadism (defined as TT <1 ng/mL) was observed in 37 (5.5%) men. Extracapsular extension, SVI, and high‐grade PCa were found in 96 (14.6%), 88 (13.1%), and 153 (22.7%) patients, respectively. Patients with high‐risk PCa had median TT comparable to those with low‐risk disease. At multivariate analysis, TT did not achieve independent predictor status for ECE, SVI, and high‐grade PCa. Only circulating TT <1 ng/mL was an independent predictor of SVI (odds ratio, 3.11; P = .006).CONCLUSIONS:In contrast with previous reports, preoperative circulating TT levels were not associated with high‐risk PCa. Likewise, hypogonadism did not achieve independent predictor status for high‐risk PCa. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Farnesyl transferase expression determines clinical response to the docetaxel‐lonafarnib combination in patients with advanced malignancies
Authors: Kauh John , Chanel‐Vos Chantal , Escuin Daniel , Fanucchi Michael P. , Harvey R. Donald , Saba Nabil , Shin Dong M. , Gal Anthony , Pan Lin , Kutner Michael , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Bender Laura , Marcus Adam , Giannakakou Paraskevi , Khuri Fadlo R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Lonafarnib (LNF) is a protein farnesyl transferase (FTase) inhibitor that has shown synergistic activity with taxanes in preclinical models and early stage clinical trials. Preclinical findings suggested tubulin acetylation and FTase expression levels may be important determinants of drug sensitivity that would help identify patient populations more likely to benefit from this regimen. This pilot study evaluated the biological effects of LNF and docetaxel (DTX) combination therapy in refractory solid tumors by comparing pretreatment and post‐treatment tumor biopsies.METHODS:Patients with histologically confirmed locally advanced or metastatic solid malignancies refractory to standard therapies or with no effective therapies available were eligible. Patients were randomized to 1 of 4 dosing cohorts: 1) 30 mg/m2, 100 mg; 2) 36 mg/m2, 100 mg; 3) 30 mg/m2, 150 mg; or 4) 36 mg/m2, 150mg of DTX intravenously weekly, LNF orally twice daily, respectively.RESULTS:Of the 38 patients enrolled, 36 were treated, and 29 were evaluable for toxicity and response assessment. The combination of LNF and DTX was tolerated in all cohorts with the exception of a 28% incidence of grade 3/4 diarrhea, which was manageable with aggressive antidiarrheal regimens. Seven patients derived clinically meaningful benefit from this combination treatment; these patients had significantly lower basal FTase‐beta mRNA expression levels than the mean study population level (P < .05). Correlation of clinical benefit with tubulin acetylation content as well as basal acetyl‐tubulin content were evaluated. However, no significant correlation was found.CONCLUSIONS:Despite the small number of patients, these findings support our preclinical mechanistic studies and warrant further clinical investigations using FTase‐beta mRNA expression as a potential predictive biomarker to select for an enriched patient population to study the effects of taxane and FTase inhibitor combination therapies. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Utilization and expense of adjuvant cancer therapies following radical prostatectomy
Authors: Williams Stephen B. , Gu Xiangmei , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Nguyen Paul L. , Choueiri Toni K. , Hu Jim C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:We sought to identify the costs of adjuvant therapies following radical prostatectomy (RP) and factors associated with their receipt.METHODS:We used SEER‐Medicare data from 2004‐2006 to identify 4247 men who underwent RP, of whom 600 subsequently received adjuvant therapies. We used Cox regression to identify factors associated with receipt of adjuvant therapies. Health care expenditures within 12 months of diagnosis were compared for RP alone versus RP with adjuvant therapies.RESULTS:Biopsy Gleason score, prostate‐specific antigen, risk group, and SEER region were significantly associated with receipt of adjuvant treatments (all P<.001). Higher surgeon volume was associated with lower odds of receiving adjuvant therapies (hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46‐0.78 [P<.001]). Factors associated with increased receipt of adjuvant therapies were positive surgical margins (HR, 3.02; 95% CI, 2.55‐3.57 [P<.001]), high‐risk group versus low‐risk group (HR, 7.65; 95% CI, 5.64‐10.37 [P<.001]), lymph node–positive disease (HR, 5.36; 95% CI, 3.71‐7.75 [P<.001]), and treatment in Iowa (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.12‐3.32 [P = .019]) and New Mexico/Georgia/Hawaii (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.09‐3.39 [P = .025]) versus San Francisco SEER regions (baseline). Age, race, comorbidities, and surgical approach were not associated with use of adjuvant therapies. The median expenditures attributable to postprostatectomy hormonal therapy, radiation therapy, and radiation with hormonal therapy versus were $1361, $12,040, and $23,487.CONCLUSIONS:Men treated by high‐volume surgeons were less likely to receive adjuvant therapies. Regional variation and high‐risk disease characteristics were associated with increased receipt of adjuvant therapies, which increased health care expenditures by 2‐ to 3‐fold when radiotherapy was administered. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Age effects on colour emotion, preference, and harmony
Authors: Ou Li‐Chen , Luo M. Ronnier , Sun Pei‐Li , Hu Neng‐Chung , Chen Hung‐Shing 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTwo psychophysical experiments were carried out to investigate whether or not colour emotion responses would change with the advance of the viewer's age. Two forms of stimuli were used: 30 single colours (for Experiment 1) and 190 colour pairs (for Experiment 2). Four word pairs, warm/cool, heavy/light, active/passive, and like/dislike, were used to assess colour emotion and preference in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, harmonious/disharmonious was also used in addition to the four scales for Experiment 1. A total of 72 Taiwanese observers participated, including 40 (20 young and 20 older) for Experiment 1 and 32 (16 young and 16 older) for Experiment 2. The experimental results show that for single colours, all colour samples were rated as less active, less liked, and cooler for older observers than for young observers. For colour combinations, light colour pairs were rated as less active and cooler for older observers than for young observers; achromatic colour pairs and those consisting of colours in similar chroma were rated as cooler, less liked and less harmonious for older observers than for young observers. The findings may challenge a number of existing theories, including the adaptation mechanism for retaining consistent perception of colour appearance across the lifespan, the modeling of colour emotion based on relative colour appearance values, and the additive approach to prediction of colour‐combination emotion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011
Personality variation in a clonal insect: The pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Schuett Wiebke , Dall Sasha R.X. , Baeumer Jana , Kloesener Michaela H. , Nakagawa Shinichi , Beinlich Felix , Eggers Till 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIndividuals are often consistent in their behavior but vary from each other in the level of behavior shown. Despite burgeoning interest in such animal personality variation, studies on invertebrates are scarce, and studies on clonal invertebrates nonexistent. This is surprising given the obvious advantages of using invertebrates/clones to tackle the crucial question why such consistent behavioral differences exist. Here we show that individuals of clonal pea aphids exhibit consistent behavioral differences in their escape responses to a predator attack (dropping vs. nondropping off a plant). However, behavior was not repeatable at the clonal level. Genetically identical clones expressed various phenotypes but different clones produced different proportions of each phenotype (dropper, nondropper, and inconsistent). Manipulations of early environmental conditions had little qualitative impact on such patterns. We discuss the importance of our findings for future studies of the evolutionary and ecological consequences of personality variation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:631–640, 2011.
Organocatalytic Michael Addition of Naphthoquinone with α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones: Primary Amine Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Lapachol Analogues
Authors: Zhang Guangcun , Wang Yifeng , Zhang Wei , Xu Xiangsheng , Zhong Aiguo , Xu Danqian 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA highly efficient organocatalytic synthesis of lapachol analogues from the Michael addition of naphthoquinone to various α,β‐unsaturated ketones catalyzed by primary amines is presented. Good to high yields (up to 93 %) and high to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 % ee) were obtained for the target compounds. MS (ESI) provided evidence for the key intermediates in the proposed mechanism.
The Synthesis and Conformation of Dihydroxypiperidinyl Derivates of Nucleobases as Novel Iminosugar Nucleoside Analogs
Authors: Rejman Dominik , Pohl Radek , Dračínský Martin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn optimized method for the synthesis of an important chiral scaffold, (3S,4R,5R)‐1‐N‐Boc‐3,4‐isopropylidene‐3,4,5‐trihydroxypiperidine, was developed. Using this intermediate, the preparation of various chiral aminodihydroxypiperidines and their transformation into a series of non‐glycosidic, six‐membered azanucleosides was accomplished. NMR conformation analysis of the prepared piperidine azanucleosides revealed a preference for the chair conformation, with the nucleobase fixed in the equatorial position in all cases.
Physicochemical characterization of a PEGylated liposomal drug formulation using capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Franzen Ulrik , Vermehren Charlotte , Jensen Henrik , Østergaard Jesper 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this work, the applicability of using CE to perform a physicochemical characterization of a PEGylated liposomal drug formulation of the anti‐cancer agent oxaliplatin was examined. Characterization of the liposomal drug formulation using CE instrumentation encompassed: determination of the electrophoretic mobilities, size determination by Taylor dispersion analysis and interaction studies. Electrophoretic mobilities determined by CE were compared with the results obtained by laser Doppler electrophoresis, which were found to be subject to larger variation. Average hydrodynamic diameters of the liposome preparations, as determined by Taylor dispersion analysis, were in the range of 61–84 nm and were compared with the results obtained by dynamic light scattering. Interactions between oxaliplatin (and paracetamol) and the PEGylated liposome were non‐detectable by CE frontal analysis as well as by liposome electrokinetic chromatography. In contrast, for the more lipophilic compound propranolol, apparent liposome‐aqueous phase distribution coefficients (Dlip) were successfully determined by both electrokinetic chromatography (log Dlip=2.10) and by CE frontal analysis (log Dlip=2.14). It is envisioned that CE and capillary‐based techniques, including Taylor dispersion analysis, will be useful tools for the characterization of nanoparticulate (e.g. liposomal) drug formulations.
A stabilized mixed formulation for unsteady Brinkman equation based on the method of horizontal lines
Authors: Srinivasan Shriram , Nakshatrala K. B. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we present a stabilized mixed formulation for unsteady Brinkman equation. The formulation is systematically derived based on the variational multiscale formalism and the method of horizontal lines. The derivation does not need the assumption that the fine‐scale variables do not depend on the time, which is the case with the conventional derivation of multiscale stabilized formulations for transient mixed problems. An expression for the stabilization parameter is obtained in terms of a bubble function, and appropriate bubble functions for various finite elements are also presented. Under the proposed formulation, equal‐order interpolation for the velocity and pressure (which is computationally the most convenient) is stable. Representative numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed formulation. Spatial and temporal convergence studies are also performed, and the proposed formulation performed well. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anode Supported Protonic Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Fabricated Using Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Zunic M. , Chevallier L. , Di Bartolomeo E. , D'Epifanio A. , Licoccia S. , Traversa E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT‐SOFCs) were fabricated depositing proton conducting BaCe0.9Y0.1O3–x (BCY10) thick films on cermet substrates made of nickel oxide–yttrium doped barium cerate (NiO–BCY10) using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. The influence of the EPD parameters on the microstructure and electrical properties of BCY10 thick films was investigated. Deposited BCY10 thick films together with green anode substrates were co‐sintered in a single heating treatment at 1,550 °C for 2 h to obtain dense electrolyte and suitably porous anodes. The half‐cells were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. A composite cathode specifically developed for BCY electrolytes, made of La0.8Sr0.2Co0.8Fe0.2O3(LSCF, mixed oxygen‐ion/electronic conductor) and BaCe0.9Yb0.1O3–δ (10YbBC, mixed protonic/electronic conductor), was used. Fuel cells were prepared by slurry coating the composite cathode on the co‐sintered half‐cells. Fuel cell tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed in the 550–700 °C temperature range. A maximum power density of 296 mW cm–2 was achieved at 700 °C for electrolyte deposited at 60 V for 1 min.
Proton pump inhibitors reduce interferon‐γ‐induced neurotoxicity and STAT3 phosphorylation of human astrocytes
Authors: Hashioka Sadayuki , Klegeris Andis , Mcgeer Patrick L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are known to possess anti‐inflammatory properties. Inflammatory processes, including astrocytic activation, are implicated in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases. Our recent study has indicated that interferon (IFN)‐γ‐induced astrocytic neurotoxicity is mediated, at least in part, by phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3. We therefore studied the effects of PPIs on IFN‐γ‐induced neurotoxicity and STAT3 activation of human astrocytes. Both lansoprazole (LPZ) and omeprazole (OPZ) significantly attenuated IFN‐γ‐induced neurotoxicity of human astrocytes and astrocytoma cells. These drugs inhibited IFN‐γ‐induced phosphorylation of STAT 3, but not STAT1. We found that LPZ significantly reduced secretion of IFN‐γ‐inducible T cell α chemoattractant from IFN‐γ‐activated astrocytes. Neither LPZ nor OPZ suppressed expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 by IFN‐γ‐activated astrocytes. These results suggest that PPIs attenuate IFN‐γ‐induced neurotoxicity of human astrocytes through inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway. PPIs that possess antineurotoxic properties may be a useful treatment option for Alzheimer's disease and other neuroinflammatory disorders associated with activated astrocytes. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.