bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Walking and Cycling to Health: A Comparative Analysis of City, State, and International Data
Authors: Pucher John , Buehler Ralph , Bassett David R. , Dannenberg Andrew L. 
Published: August 2010

Objectives. We sought to determine the magnitude, direction, and statistical significance of the relationship between active travel and rates of physical activity, obesity, and diabetes. Methods. We examined aggregate cross-sectional health and travel data for 14 countries, all 50 US states, and 47 of the 50 largest US cities through graphical, correlation, and bivariate regression analysis on the country, state, and city levels. Results. At all 3 geographic levels, we found statistically significant negative relationships between active travel and self-reported obesity. At the state and city levels, we found statistically significant positive relationships between active travel and physical activity and statistically significant negative relationships between active travel and diabetes. Conclusions. Together with many other studies, our analysis provides evidence of the population-level health benefits of active travel. Policies on transport, land-use, and urban development should be designed to encourage walking and cycling for daily travel.
The Association Between Community Water Fluoridation and Adult Tooth Loss
Authors: Neidell Matthew , Herzog Karin , Glied Sherry 
Published: August 2010

Objectives. We sought to estimate the association between community water fluoridation (CWF) exposure at various stages of life and adult tooth loss. Methods. We used data from the 1995 through 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, merged with data from the 1992 Water Fluoridation Census, to estimate interval regression models that relate CWF exposure with tooth loss. Results. Our results indicate that CWF levels in the county of residence at the time of the respondent's birth are significantly related to tooth loss but current CWF levels are not. In addition, the impact of CWF exposure is larger for individuals of lower socioeconomic status. Conclusions. This study suggests that the benefits of CWF may be larger than previously believed and that CWF has a lasting improvement in racial/ethnic and economic disparities in oral health.
Evaluation of a Cervical Cancer Control Intervention Using Lay Health Workers for Vietnamese American Women
Authors: Taylor Victoria M. , Jackson J. Carey , Yasui Yutaka , Nguyen Tung T. , Woodall Erica , Acorda Elizabeth , Li Lin , Ramsey Scott 
Published: August 2010

Objectives. We conducted a trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a cervical cancer control intervention for Vietnamese American women that used lay health workers. Methods. The study group included 234 women who had not received a Papanicolaou (Pap) test in the last 3 years. Experimental group participants received a lay health worker home visit. Our trial endpoint was Pap test receipt within 6 months of randomization. Pap testing completion was ascertained through women's self-reports and medical record reviews. We examined intervention effects among women who had ever received a Pap test (prior to randomization) and women who had never received a Pap test. Results. Three quarters of the women in the experimental group completed a home visit. Ever-screened experimental group women were significantly more likely to report Pap testing (P < .02) and to have records verifying Pap testing (P < .04) than were ever-screened control group women. There were no significant differences between the trial arms for women who had never been screened. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that lay health worker–based interventions for Vietnamese American women are feasible to implement and can increase levels of Pap testing use among ever-screened women but not among never-screened women.
HPV Vaccination's Second Act: Promotion, Competition, and Compulsion
Authors: Schwartz Jason L. 
Published: August 2010

Developments regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines will transform HPV vaccination in the United States while simultaneously raising several new policy and ethical concerns. Policymakers, vaccine manufacturers, and the public health community must now respond to the presence of competing vaccines that are similar but distinct, particularly with respect to genital wart prevention and the benefits of vaccinating males. This work arises in the shadow of the contentious introduction of the HPV vaccine Gardasil (Merck & Co, Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ) in 2006, particularly the opposition to efforts in many states to require the vaccine for school attendance. I review the current status of HPV vaccine policy in the United States and examine issues of public health ethics and policy central to ongoing and future HPV vaccination programs.
Expression of Human Chemerin Induces Insulin Resistance in the Skeletal Muscle but Does Not Affect Weight, Lipid Levels, and Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor Knockout Mice on High-Fat Diet
Authors: Becker Melanie , Rabe Katja , Lebherz Corinna , Zugwurst Julia , Göke Burkhard , Parhofer Klaus G. , Lehrke Michael , Broedl Uli C. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Chemerin is a recently discovered hepatoadipokine that regulates adipocyte differentiation as well as chemotaxis and activation of dendritic cells and macrophages. Chemerin was reported to modulate insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells in vitro and to exacerbate glucose intolerance in several mouse models in vivo. In humans, chemerin was shown to be associated with multiple components of the metabolic syndrome including BMI, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and hypertension. This study aimed to examine the effect of chemerin on weight, glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as atherosclerosis in vivo.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used recombinant adeno-associated virus to express human chemerin in LDL receptor knockout mice on high-fat diet.

RESULTS
Expression of chemerin did not significantly alter weight, lipid levels, and extent of atherosclerosis. Chemerin, however, significantly increased glucose levels during the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test without affecting endogenous insulin levels and the insulin tolerance test. Chemerin reduced insulin-stimulated Akt1 phosphorylation and activation of 5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the skeletal muscle, but had no effect on Akt phosphorylation and insulin-stimulated AMPK activation in the liver and gonadal adipose tissue.

CONCLUSIONS
Chemerin induces insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle in vivo. Chemerin is involved in the cross talk between liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle.
Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Nondiabetic U.S. Adults
Authors: Karve Amrita , Hayward Rodney A. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the rates of prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A representative sample of the U.S. population (the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES]) from 2005–2006 including 1,547 nondiabetic adults (&gt;18 years of age) without a history of myocardial infarction was assessed to determine the proportion of adults who met the criteria for IFG/IGT, and the proportion of IFG/IGT subjects who: 1) reported receiving a diagnosis from their physicians; 2) were prescribed lifestyle modification or an antihyperglycemic agent; and 3) were currently on therapy. We used multivariable regression analysis to identify predictors of diagnosis and treatment.

RESULTS
Of the 1,547 subjects, 34.6% (CI 30.3–38.9%) had pre-diabetes; 19.4% had IFG only; 5.4% had IGT only, and 9.8% had both IFG and IGT. Only 4.8% of those with pre-diabetes reported having received a formal diagnosis from their physicians. No subjects with pre-diabetes received oral antihyperglycemics, and the rates of recommendation for exercise or diet were 31.7% and 33.5%, respectively. Among the 47.7% pre-diabetic subjects who exercised, 49.4% reported exercising for at least 30 min daily.

CONCLUSIONS
Three years after a major clinical trial demonstrated that interventions could greatly reduce progression from IFG/IGT to type 2 diabetes, the majority of the U.S. population with IFG/IGT was undiagnosed and untreated with interventions. Whether this is due to physicians being unaware of the evidence, unconvinced by the evidence, or clinical inertia is unclear.
Prognostic Value of Gated Myocardial Perfusion Imaging for Asymptomatic Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yamasaki Yoshimitsu , Nakajima Kenichi , Kusuoka Hideo , Izumi Tohru , Kashiwagi Atsunori , Kawamori Ryuzo , Shimamoto Kazuaki , Yamada Nobuhiro , Nishimura Tsunehiko 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at high risk for cardiovascular events. We evaluated the prognostic value of gated myocardial perfusion single-photon computed tomography (SPECT) for asymptomatic diabetic patients in a Japanese population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Asymptomatic patients (n = 485) aged ≥50 years with either a maximal carotid artery intima-media thickness of ≥1.1 mm, or a urinary albumin ≥30 mg/g creatinine or who had at least two of the following, abdominal obesity, low HDL cholesterol, high triglyceride levels, and hypertension, were enrolled at 50 institutions. The patients were evaluated using gated SPECT with the stress-rest protocol and followed up for 3 years.

RESULTS
During the follow-up period, 62 (13%) events occurred, including 5 cardiac deaths and 57 cardiovascular events. Patients with summed stress scores (SSS) of ≥9 had a significantly higher incidence (of either death or cardiovascular events) than those with SSS scores of &lt;9 (23 vs. 12%; P = 0.009). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that significant variables were SSS ≥9, a low estimated glomerular filtration rate, and being a current smoker. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that ticlopidine and insulin use are potent medical modulators of cardiovascular events.

CONCLUSIONS
The incidences of cardiovascular events and death were significantly high in a select population of type 2 diabetic patients with SPECT abnormalities. A targeted treatment strategy is required for asymptomatic but potentially high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes.
Initial Combination Therapy With Alogliptin and Pioglitazone in Drug-Naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rosenstock Julio , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Seufert Jochen , Fleck Penny R. , Wilson Craig A. , Mekki Qais 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy and tolerability of alogliptin plus pioglitazone for initial combination therapy in drug-naïve type 2 diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This 26-week, double-blind, parallel-group study randomized 655 patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes to four arms: 25 mg alogliptin (A25) q.d. monotherapy, 30 mg pioglitazone (P30) q.d. monotherapy, or 12.5 (A12.5) or 25 mg alogliptin q.d. plus pioglitazone (P30) q.d. combination therapy. Primary efficacy was A1C change from baseline with the high-dose combination (A25 + P30) versus each monotherapy.

RESULTS
Combination therapy with A25 + P30 resulted in greater reductions in A1C (−1.7 ± 0.1% from an 8.8% mean baseline) vs. A25 (−1.0 ± 0.1%, P &lt; 0.001) or P30 (−1.2 ± 0.1%, P &lt; 0.001) and in fasting plasma glucose (−2.8 ± 0.2 mmol/l) vs. A25 (−1.4 ± 0.2 mmol/l, P &lt; 0.001) or P30 (−2.1 ± 0.2 mmol/l, P = 0.006). The A25 + P30 safety profile was consistent with those of its component monotherapies.

CONCLUSIONS
Alogliptin plus pioglitazone combination treatment appears to be an efficacious initial therapeutic option for type 2 diabetes.
Assessment of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels as Diagnostic Discriminator of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Due to HNF1A Mutations
Authors: Owen Katharine R. , Thanabalasingham Gaya , James Timothy J. , Karpe Fredrik , Farmer Andrew J. , McCarthy Mark I. , Gloyn Anna L. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Despite the clinical importance of an accurate diagnosis in individuals with monogenic forms of diabetes, restricted access to genetic testing leaves many patients with undiagnosed diabetes. Recently, common variation near the HNF1 homeobox A (HNF1A) gene was shown to influence C-reactive protein levels in healthy adults. We hypothesized that serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) could represent a clinically useful biomarker for the identification of HNF1A mutations causing maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Serum hs-CRP was measured in subjects with HNF1A-MODY (n = 31), autoimmune diabetes (n = 316), type 2 diabetes (n = 240), and glucokinase (GCK) MODY (n = 24) and in nondiabetic individuals (n = 198). The discriminative accuracy of hs-CRP was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and performance was compared with standard diagnostic criteria. Our primary analyses excluded ∼11% of subjects in whom the single available hs-CRP measurement was &gt;10 mg/l.

RESULTS
Geometric mean (SD range) hs-CRP levels were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.009) for HNF1A-MODY individuals, 0.20 (0.03–1.14) mg/l, than for any other group: autoimmune diabetes 0.58 (0.10–2.75) mg/l, type 2 diabetes 1.33 (0.28–6.14) mg/l, GCK-MODY 1.01 (0.19–5.33) mg/l, and nondiabetic 0.48 (0.10–2.42) mg/l. The ROC-derived C-statistic for discriminating HNF1A-MODY and type 2 diabetes was 0.8. Measurement of hs-CRP, either alone or in combination with current diagnostic criteria, was superior to current diagnostic criteria alone. Sensitivity and specificity for the combined criteria approached 80%.

CONCLUSIONS
Serum hs-CRP levels are markedly lower in HNF1A-MODY than in other forms of diabetes. hs-CRP has potential as a widely available, cost-effective screening test to support more precise targeting of MODY diagnostic testing.
Effect of Oral Sebacic Acid on Postprandial Glycemia, Insulinemia, and Glucose Rate of Appearance in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Iaconelli Amerigo , Gastaldelli Amalia , Chiellini Chiara , Gniuli Donatella , Favuzzi Angela , Binnert Christophe , Macé Katherine , Mingrone Geltrude 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Dicarboxylic acids are natural products with the potential of being an alternate dietary source of energy. We aimed to evaluate the effect of sebacic acid (a 10-carbon dicarboxylic acid; C10) ingestion on postprandial glycemia and glucose rate of appearance (Ra) in healthy and type 2 diabetic subjects. Furthermore, the effect of C10 on insulin-mediated glucose uptake and on GLUT4 expression was assessed in L6 muscle cells in vitro.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Subjects ingested a mixed meal (50% carbohydrates, 15% proteins, and 35% lipids) containing 0 g (control) or 10 g C10 in addition to the meal or 23 g C10 as a substitute of fats.

RESULTS
In type 2 diabetic subjects, the incremental glucose area under the curve (AUC) decreased by 42% (P &lt; 0.05) and 70% (P &lt; 0.05) in the 10 g C10 and 23 g C10 groups, respectively. At the largest amounts used, C10 reduced the glucose AUC in healthy volunteers also. When fats were substituted with 23 g C10, AUC of Ra was significantly reduced on the order of 18% (P &lt; 0.05) in both healthy and diabetic subjects. The insulin-dependent glucose uptake by L6 cells was increased in the presence of C10 (38.7 ± 10.3 vs. 11.4 ± 5.4%; P = 0.026). This increase was associated with a 1.7-fold raise of GLUT4.

CONCLUSIONS
Sebacic acid significantly reduced hyperglycemia after a meal in type 2 diabetic subjects. This beneficial effect was associated with a reduction in glucose Ra, probably due to lowered hepatic glucose output and increased peripheral glucose disposal.
Prothrombotic State, Cardiovascular, and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Prepubertal Children Born Large for Gestational Age
Authors: Evagelidou Eleni N. , Giapros Vasileios I. , Challa Anna S. , Cholevas Vasileios K. , Vartholomatos Georgios A. , Siomou Ekaterini C. , Kolaitis Nikolaos I. , Bairaktari Eleni T. , Andronikou Styliani K. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk factors in prepubertal children born large for gestational age (LGA) to nondiabetic, nonobese mothers.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
At 6–7 years of age, the comparison of various factors was made between 31 LGA and 34 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) children: fibrinogen, antithrombin III, protein C and S, fasting insulin, glucose, homeostasis assessment model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, IGF-1, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-3, lipids, and the genetic factors V Leiden G1691A mutation, prothrombin 20210A/G polymorphism, and mutation in the enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-reductase gene (MTHFR-C677T).

RESULTS
LGA children had higher levels of leptin (P &lt; 0.01), fasting insulin (P &lt; 0.01), and HOMA-IR (P &lt; 0.01), but lower IGFBP-3 (P = 0.0001), fibrinogen (P = 0.0001), and lipoprotein(a) (P &lt; 0.001) than AGA children. Significantly more LGA children were homozygous for the MTHFR-C677T mutation (P = 0.0016).

CONCLUSIONS
Being born LGA to nondiabetic, nonobese mothers is associated with diverse effects on cardiometabolic risk factors at prepuberty.
Core Journals That Publish Clinical Trials of Physical Therapy Interventions
Authors: Costa Leonardo Oliveira Pena , Moseley Anne M. , Sherrington Catherine , Maher Christopher G. , Herbert Robert D. , Elkins Mark R. 
Published: August 2010

Objective
The objective of this study was to identify core journals in physical therapy by identifying those that publish the most randomized controlled trials of physical therapy interventions, provide the highest-quality reports of randomized controlled trials, and have the highest journal impact factors.

Design
This study was an audit of a bibliographic database.

Methods
All trials indexed in the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) were analyzed. Journals that had published at least 80 trials were selected. The journals were ranked in 4 ways: number of trials published; mean total PEDro score of the trials published in the journal, regardless of publication year; mean total PEDro score of the trials published in the journal from 2000 to 2009; and 2008 journal impact factor.

Results
The top 5 core journals in physical therapy, ranked by the total number of trials published, were Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation, Spine, British Medical Journal (BMJ), and Chest. When the mean total PEDro score was used as the ranking criterion, the top 5 journals were Journal of Physiotherapy, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), Stroke, Spine, and Clinical Rehabilitation. When the mean total PEDro score of the trials published from 2000 to 2009 was used as the ranking criterion, the top 5 journals were Journal of Physiotherapy, JAMA, Lancet, BMJ, and Pain. The most highly ranked physical therapy–specific journals were Physical Therapy (ranked eighth on the basis of the number of trials published) and Journal of Physiotherapy (ranked first on the basis of the quality of trials). Finally, when the 2008 impact factor was used for ranking, the top 5 journals were JAMA, Lancet, BMJ, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, and Thorax. There were no significant relationships among the rankings on the basis of trial quality, number of trials, or journal impact factor.

Conclusions
Physical therapists who are trying to keep up-to-date by reading the best available evidence on the effects of physical therapy interventions have to read more broadly than just physical therapy–specific journals. Readers of articles on physical therapy trials should be aware that high-quality trials are not necessarily published in journals with high impact factors.
Image-guided frameless stereotactic needle biopsy in awake patients without the use of rigid head fixation
Authors: Amin Devin V. , Lozanne Karl , Parry Phillip V. , Engh Johnathan A. , Seelman Kathleen , Mintz Arlan 
Published: August 2010

Object
Image-guided frameless stereotactic techniques provide an alternative to traditional head-frame fixation in the performance of fine-needle biopsies. However, these techniques still require rigid head fixation, usually in the form of a head holder. The authors report on a series of fine-needle biopsies and brain abscess aspirations in which a frameless technique was used with a patient's head supported on a horseshoe headholder. To validate this technique, they performed an in vitro accuracy study.

Methods
Forty-eight patients underwent fine-needle biopsy of intracranial lesions that ranged in size from 0.9 to more than 107.7 ml; a fiducial-less, frameless, image-guided technique was used without rigid head fixation. In 1 of the 48 patients a cerebral abscess was drained. The accuracy study was performed with a skull phantom that was imaged with a CT scanner and tracked with a registration mask containing light-emitting diodes. The objective was a skin fiducial marker with a 4-mm circular target to accommodate the 2.5-mm biopsy needle. A series of 50 trials was conducted.

Results
Diagnostic tissue was obtained on the first attempt in 47 of 48 brain biopsy cases. In 2 cases small hemorrhages at the biopsy site were noted as a complication on the postoperative CT scan. One of these hemorrhages resulted in hand and arm weakness. The accuracy study demonstrated a 98% success rate of the biopsy needle passing through the 4-mm circular target using the registration mask as the registration and tracking device. This demonstrates a ± 0.75-mm tolerance on the targeting method.

Conclusions
The accuracy study demonstrated the ability of the mask to actively track the target and allow navigation to a 4-mm-diameter circular target with a 98% success rate. The frameless, pinless, fiducial-less technique described herein will likely be another safe, fast alternative to frame-based stereotactic techniques for fine-needle biopsy that avoids the potential morbidity of rigid head-pin fixation. Furthermore, it should lend itself to other image-guided applications such as the placement of ventricular catheters for shunting or Ommaya reservoirs.