bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spoken Revolutions: Discursive Resistance in Bulgarian Late Communist Culture
Authors: Lutzkanova-Vassileva Albena 
Published: April 2009

The article focuses on the brief history of Bulgarian samizdat and its attempts to challenge the regime through written discourse as well as on two forms of oral discursive resistance: the Seminar, a mode of discourse rather than any organized and rigid structure, and the group Synthesis, a more coherent formation that had a longer and more turbulent history. I explore the uniqueness of Bulgarian late Communist culture that, unlike its Soviet bloc counterparts, was never truly dissident in character. I seek to reveal why Bulgarian intelligentsia proved incapable of creating the kind of alternative samizdat literature that appeared in other former Communist countries.While it appears questionable that such semiofficial formations as samizdat, the Seminar, or Synthesis brought down the totalitarian system in Bulgaria, the resistance that they offered played a role in Communism's breakdown. The article's main goal is thus to elucidate the peculiar nature of this resistance—to explicate the role of discourse in undermining the political order. Why did the end of totalitarian terror in Bulgaria take a theoretical turn? Is it fair to say that the breakdown of the regime was discursive? If so, how can we explain the enigma of a large political machine demolished by discourse? The article discusses the premise that what made possible the termination of a regime by theory (if this is what happened) was the very structure of the regime as total discursive control. It explores the hypothesis that, since totalitarianism was a purely linguistic phenomenon, a linguistic act would be the most efficient means to subvert and finally destroy it.
Complete Absence of KSHV/HHV-8 in Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Authors: Chen Wei , Huang Qin , Zuppan Craig W. , Rowsell Edward H. , Cao Jeffrey D. , Weiss Lawrence M. , Wang Jun 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs), a heterogeneous group of monoclonal or polyclonal lesions, occur in immunosuppressed patients after solid organ or bone marrow transplantation. Although most PTLDs are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)+ and seem to represent EBV-induced proliferations of monoclonal (or less often polyclonal) B, T, or plasma cells, a subset of PTLDs is EBV–. Because Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV-8) has been described in association with the development of hematolymphoid and nonhematolymphoid neoplasms in HIV+ patients, we investigated whether there is an association between KSHV/HHV-8 and PTLDs. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 52 confirmed PTLD cases were analyzed immunohistochemically for expression of KSHV/HHV-8 latent nuclear antigen (LNA)-1 protein and by polymerase chain reaction–hybridization analysis for the KSHV/HHV-8 genome. The PTLD subtypes included 12 with early lesions (1 plasmacytic hyperplasia and 11 infectious mononucleosis–like), 10 polymorphic, 23 monomorphic (5 Burkitt, 14 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 1 plasmacytoma, 1 multiple myeloma, and 2 T-cell), 1 Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), 5 HL-like lesions, and 1 unclassified or other. None of the 51 tested specimens showed expression of KSHV/HHV-8 LNA-1. Furthermore, all 46 specimens tested demonstrated complete absence of the KSHV/HHV-8 genome. Our data clearly indicated that KSHV/HHV-8 is not associated with PTLDs.
Plasma Level of Growth Arrest–Specific 6 (GAS6) Protein and Genetic Variations in the GAS6 Gene in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Jiang Lei , Liu Cheng Yun , Yang Qun Fang , Wang Ping , Zhang Wen 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Growth arrest–specific gene 6 (GAS6) encodes a vitamin K–dependent protein that regulates inflammation, angiogenesis, and atherosclerotic plaque formation. The level of GAS6 expression is associated with plaque stability and stroke. We explored the role of GAS6 in cardiovascular disease, particularly in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We determined the plasma levels of GAS6 protein by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and investigated the role of the single nucleotide polymorphism (c.834+7G&gt;A) in ACS. The median (interquartile range) plasma GAS6 levels were 16.9 μg/L (13–28 μg/L) in healthy control subjects and 10.65 μg/L (5.7–27.5 μg/L) in patients with ACS. The genotype frequencies for GG, AG, and AA, respectively, in patients with ACS were 66% (37/56), 29% (16/56), and 5% (3/56) and were 35% (14/40), 45% (18/40), 20% (8/40) in the control group. The AA genotype and A allele were less frequent in patients with ACS than in control subjects (P &lt; .001). Our study indicates that GAS6 plasma concentrations at admission reflect the presence of common cardiovascular risk factors and can predict cardiovascular events. In addition, the AA genotype and A allele of the GAS6 gene relate to ACS, which may have a protective role against ACS.
Micropapillary Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: De Oliveira Duarte Achcar Rosane , Nikiforova Marina N. , Yousem Samuel A. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma (MPA) has been reported as an aggressive variant of adenocarcinoma, frequently manifesting at high stage with a poor prognosis. We analyzed the clinical and molecular profile of 15 primary MPAs for K-ras, EGFR, and BRAF mutations and performed fluorescence in situ hybridization for EGFR amplification. In our study, 11 (73%) of 15 MPAs harbored mutually exclusive mutations: 5 (33%) K-ras, 3 (20%) EGFR, and 3 (20%) BRAF. Mutations in all 3 genes occurred in patients with a smoking history and tumors with mucinous differentiation and secondary lepidic, acinar, and solid growth, suggesting that in a Western population, cytomorphologic correlation with genetic mutations is more unpredictable than in Japanese cohorts. We conclude that K-ras, EGFR, and BRAF mutations are disproportionately seen in adenocarcinomas of lung with a dominant micropapillary growth pattern compared with conventional adenocarcinoma in our institutional experience.
Follicular Lymphoma of the Spleen
Authors: Howard Matthew T. , Dufresne Scott , Swerdlow Steven H. , Cook James R. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) involving the spleen must be distinguished from reactive hyperplasia and from other lymphomas. A prior study reported that splenic FLs frequently lack BCL2 expression, further complicating diagnosis. We examined 16 cases of splenic FL, including 12 cases initially diagnosed at splenectomy. Two morphologic patterns were identified: one with architectural abnormalities (AA) and one with an extensive architectural preservation (AP) pattern. Newly diagnosed AP cases were associated with older age (P = .051) and grade 1 histologic features (P = .023). All cases displayed a CD10+/BCL2+ phenotype. Cytogenetics and FISH identified IGH/BCL2 or BCL6 translocations in all tested cases. Splenic FLs display phenotypic and cytogenetic findings similar to nodal FLs. However, splenic FLs frequently display an exclusively intrafollicular growth pattern resembling so-called in situ FL. Recognition of subtle FL with preserved architecture is important because patients may have overt FL at other sites or the FL may progress to overt nodal disease.
Usefulness of p16 for Differentiating Primary Pulmonary Squamous Cell Carcinoma From Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to the Lung
Authors: Wang Chih-Wei , Wu Tzu-I , Yu Chih-Teng , Wu Yi-Cheng , Teng Yun-Hui , Chin Szu-Ying , Lai Chyong-Huey , Chen Tse-Ching 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
To date, there is no reliable immunohistochemical marker that discriminates between primary pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and cervical SCC metastatic to the lung. In this study, immunohistochemical staining of p16 was performed on 33 primary pulmonary SCCs, 48 primary cervical SCCs, and 17 cases of cervical SCC with pulmonary metastasis. Expression of p16 was noted in 47 cases of cervical SCC (47/48 [98%]), and all were strongly stained. Of the 7 cases of primary pulmonary SCC (7/33 [21%]) in which p16 expression was detected, 3 were weakly positive, 1 was moderately positive, and 3 were strongly positive. Among these p16+ pulmonary SCCs, only 1 showed detectable human papillomavirus DNA. Of the 17 cases of cervical SCC with pulmonary metastasis, all of the pulmonary and cervical tumors were positive for p16. p16 is a useful marker for the discrimination between cervical and pulmonary SCCs. The performance of p16 staining at different cutoff values was also compared.
Immunohistochemical Detection of p63 and XIAP in Thymic Hyperplasia and Thymomas
Authors: Wu Maoxin , Sun Katherine , Gil Joan , Gan Li , Burstein David E. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
We subjected 23 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks (11 cases of thymic hyperplasia and 12 thymomas [3 encapsulated, 8 with capsular invasion, and 1 atypical]) to incubation with monoclonal anti–X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) and monoclonal anti-p63 (4A4, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA). Granular or heterogeneous cytoplasmic XIAP staining and nuclear p63 staining were considered positive. We compared thymic hyperplasia with thymoma and capsulated thymoma with thymoma with capsular invasion or atypia.
p63 was positive in virtually all thymic epithelial cells in hyperplasia and thymoma. XIAP was negative in all hyperplasia cases except one. Of 12 thymomas, 9 were XIAP+ with focal/weak to diffuse/strong positivity: 2 of 3 encapsulated and 7 of 8 thymomas with capsular invasion were XIAP+. One atypical thymoma was XIAP–. XIAP expression differed significantly between hyperplasia and thymoma (P = .0007) but not between capsulated and invasive thymomas (P = .3797).
p63 is consistently positive in nonneoplastic and neoplastic thymic epithelium. XIAP expression in thymoma suggests a possible role in the pathogenesis of thymoma and may be helpful in differentiating thymic hyperplasia from thymoma, especially in small biopsy specimens. However, the level of expression does not correlate with capsular invasion or atypia.
Psychometric Properties of the Thai Version of the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sakthong Phantipa , Chabunthom Rossamalin , Charoenvisuthiwongs Rungpetch 
Published: April 2009

Background A self-reporting questionnaire is the most convenient and cheapest way to assess medication adherence. A new 8-item self-reported Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) has been developed and has shown better psychometric properties than the original 4-item Morisky scale. Objective To examine the validity, including convergent known-groups and construct validity, and reliability, including internal consistency and test–retest reliability, of the MMAS in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods The data were derived from a cross-sectional study. In a convenience sample, 303 type 2 diabetic outpatients were interviewed at the General Police Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, between January and June 2007. Face-to-face interviews included MMAS, medication adherence visual analog scale (MA-VAS), and sociodemographic data. Medical records were reviewed for clinical data such as hemoglobin A1c (A1C) levels. Results Internal consistency reliability was moderate (Cronbach's α = 0.61), whereas the test–retest reliability of the MMAS was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.83; p < 0.001). Concerning convergent validity, the MMAS had a high correlation with the 3-item Morisky scale (r = 0.77; p < 0.01) and a medium correlation with the MA-VAS (r = 0.57; p < 0 01). Regarding known-groups validity, a significant association between MMAS and A1C levels was found (χ2 = 6.7; p < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the MMAS were 51%, 64%, 71%, and 43%, respectively. Our factor analysis showed that the MMAS had 3 dimensions including forgetting to take medications, stopping medications when feeling better or worse, and the complexity of the drug regimen. Conclusions The 8-item MMAS can be a tool to aid in assessing medication adherence in diabetes. The poor sensitivity can be improved by increasing the number of the response choices and the cut-off score of the scale and by using specific words in some items. A modified Thai version of the 8-item MMAS may be needed.
Islands of Loneliness: Exploring Social Interaction Through the Autobiographies of Individuals With Autism
Authors: Causton-Theoharis Julie , Ashby Christine , Cosier Meghan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAssumptions of difficulties with social interaction, or lack of interest in social interaction, are central to many definitions and conventional understandings of autism. However, many individuals with autism describe a strong craving social interaction. This article uses autobiographical accounts written by individuals who identified as autistic as a source of qualitative research data and specifically explores the ways these texts address issues of social relationships. Using narrative inquiry, the authors explored how individuals with autism described their own notions of and experiences with social interaction. This article discusses the broad themes of (a) the desire to have connections and (b) navigation through the world of people. Last, implications for the education of individuals with autism are considered.
Szenariobasierte Entwicklung von Systemen für Training und Planung in der ChirurgieScenario-Based Design of Surgical Training and Planning Systems
Authors: Cordes Jeanette , Dornheim Jana , Preim Bernhard 
Published: April 2009

Zusammenfassung
Basierend auf unseren bisherigen Erfahrungen möchten wir Empfehlungen für die szenariobasierte Konzeption chirurgischer Trainings- und Planungssysteme geben. Die Spezifikation auf Basis von Szenarien schafft eine gemeinsame Kommunikationsbasis zwischen Entwicklern und Ärzten und ermöglicht die anwendernahe Entwicklung von Software. Dabei entsteht jedoch eine Vielzahl an Dokumenten, Anmerkungen und überarbeiteten Versionen. Wir schlagen deshalb eine konkrete Strategie zur Nutzung von Szenarien vor, die Redundanzen reduziert und eine effiziente Verwaltung der Zusammenhänge der entstehenden Dokumente ermöglicht. Wir nutzen diese Strategie und beschreiben davon ausgehend exemplarisch die szenariobasierte Konzeption eines Systems für das Training des medizinischen Workflows in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie, sowie eines Systems für die Planung halschirurgischer Eingriffe. Die Diskussion der Szenarien hat sich für das Verständnis des klinischen Workflows, das Design der Trainings- und Planungsschritte sowie für die Auswahl einer repräsentativen Menge von Fällen und die Definition der für jeden Fall benötigten relevanten Informationen als hilfreich erwiesen.
Berührungslose Gestik-Interaktion im OperationssaalTouchless Gesture-Interaction in the Operating Room
Authors: Chojecki Paul , Leiner Ulrich 
Published: April 2009

Zusammenfassung
Touchscreens mit neuen Bedienmetaphern erweitern die Möglichkeiten der Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation. Apples iPhone und Microsofts Surface sind prominente Beispiele für diesen Trend. Es gibt jedoch Nutzungsszenarien, bei denen Touchscreens nicht die optimale Eingabeschnittstelle darstellen. Dazu gehören medizinische Aufgaben, wie die Einstellung von Geräten und die Navigation in Patienteninformationssystemen im OP. Hierbei darf die Grenze zwischen sterilem und unsterilem Bereich nicht durch haptischen Kontakt überschritten werden. In diesem Beitrag wird eine neuartige Lösung dieses Problems vorgestellt. Das Fraunhofer-Institut für Nachrichtentechnik, Heinrich-Hertz-Institut (Fraunhofer HHI) hat dafür eine berührungslose Gestensteuerung entwickelt. Stereo-Kameras erkennen die Fingerposition, wenn der Nutzer auf das Display zeigt. Das System berechnet dabei die genauen Raumkoordinaten eines oder mehrerer Finger. Diese Koordinaten werden in Echtzeit an die zu bedienende Anwendung weitergegeben. So wird eine nicht-invasive, also berührungs- und markerlose Interaktion durch einfache Handgesten möglich. Mit solchen ”Multipointing“- Eingabedaten kann einerseits die Maus-Bedienung substituiert werden, andererseits eröffnen diese viele neue Optionen für die Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion. Wir beschreiben den Stand unserer Arbeiten im Vergleich zu konkurrierenden Technologien und stellen die Ergebnisse einer Studie vor, bei der zwei berührungslose ”Klickvarianten“ miteinander verglichen werden.
Benutzungsschnittstellen für den direkten Zugriff auf 3D-Planungsdaten im OPUser Interfaces for Direct Interaction with 3D Planning Data in the Operating Room
Authors: Ritter Felix , Hansen Christian , Wilkens Kjen , Köhn Alexander , Peitgen Heinz-Otto 
Published: April 2009

Zusammenfassung
Zur Unterstützung komplexer chirurgischer Eingriffe stehen seit einiger Zeit computergestützte Planungssysteme bereit. Für den direkten Zugriff im OP sind diese Systeme jedoch nur sehr eingeschränkt einsetzbar, da sie für die präoperative Planung entworfen wurden und die besonderen Bedingungen im Operationssaal nicht berücksichtigen. Die speziellen Anforderungen in Bezug auf kognitive Beanspruchung, Arbeitsfluss, Sterilität und Platz machen es dem Chirurg weitestgehend unmöglich, während der OP einen Computer mit den üblichen Eingabegeräten wie Tastatur und Maus zu bedienen. Dieser Artikel diskutiert zwei Konzepte zur intraoperativen Betrachtung von virtuellen Planungsmodellen für Operationen an der Leber. Die praktische Anwendbarkeit der Konzepte wird anhand einer Fallstudie diskutiert.
Usability Engineering für medizinische Unterstützungssysteme im Bereich Smart-ApplicationsUsability Engineering for Medical Decision Support Systems (Smart-Applications)
Authors: Kindsmüller Martin Christof , Schulz Hannes , Haar Maral 
Published: April 2009

Zusammenfassung
Die Arbeit auf Intensivstationen und in Operationssälen ist geprägt durch eine wachsende Zahl von (teilweise vernetzten) Geräten, die Vitalparameter des Patienten messen und anzeigen oder zur Therapie dienen. Für die Ärzte und Pflegekräfte wird es immer schwerer, diese alle im Auge zu behalten und angemessen zu interpretieren. Der Trend geht dazu, Unterstützungssysteme zu schaffen, die selbst klinische Expertise enthalten, und dem Anwender helfen, Entscheidungen hinsichtlich Diagnose und Therapie zu treffen. Die Schwierigkeit besteht darin, einheitliche Systeme für heterogene Anwendergruppen in einer komplexen und dynamischen Arbeitsumgebung zu gestalten. Anhand zweier Beispiele soll im Folgenden veranschaulicht werden, welche allgemeinen Richtlinien dabei Beachtung finden sollten, und auf Grundlage welcher Prozesse und Methoden gebrauchstaugliche Medizingeräte effizient entwickelt werden können. Bei den Beispielen handelt es sich um ein Anästhesiedisplay, das bei der Dosierung der Medikamente helfen soll, sowie ein Diagnosedisplay, das bei der Interpretation der gemessenen Vitalparameter für eine klinische Diagnose unterstützen soll.
Vergleich von Methoden für die Gestaltung Mobiler EndgeräteA Comparison of Methods for the Design of Mobile Devices
Authors: Kirisci Pierre T. , Thoben Klaus-Dieter 
Published: April 2009

Zusammenfassung
Es existieren diverse Methoden, Werkzeuge und Entwicklungsumgebungen für die Realisierung von Software Benutzungsschnittstellen. Anderseits gibt es bislang nur wenige Ansätze, um die Gestaltung mobiler Endgeräte systematisch zu unterstützen. In diesem Beitrag werden vielversprechende Gestaltungsmethoden aus dem HCI-Umfeld identifiziert, die aus kontextueller Sicht für die Umsetzung mobiler Endgeräte herangezogen werden können. Wir gehen der Frage nach, inwiefern diese Methoden für den konzeptionellen Entwurf zukünftiger Generationen mobiler Hardware-Komponenten geeignet sind. Es werden notwendige Kriterien für eine angemessene Gestaltungsmethode abgeleitet, und zur Klassifizierung der betrachteten Methoden herangezogen. Dieser Beitrag hat zum Ziel, die wesentlichen Merkmale zu erarbeiten, die eine Methode besitzen muss, um den Gestaltungsprozess mobiler Endgeräte systematisch zu unterstützen.
Modellbasierte Entwicklung von Benutzungsschnittstellen mit UIMLModel-Based Development of User Interfaces with UIML
Authors: Meixner Gerrit , Schäfer Robbie 
Published: April 2009

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der modellbasierten Entwicklung von Benutzungsschnittstellen auf Basis der User Interface Markup Language (UIML). Aufbauend auf einer Einleitung wird in das Gebiet der modellbasierten Entwicklung von Benutzungsschnittstellen eingeführt. Insbesondere werden die Kernmodelle charakterisiert, die in eine kohärente modellbasierte Architektur eingebettet sein sollten. Im Anschluss werden die wesentlichen Merkmale und Neuerungen von UIML erläutert, aktuelle Werkzeuge zur Bearbeitung von UIML aufgezählt und die Sprache UIML in Zusammenhang mit einem modellbasierten Entwicklungsprozess bewertet.
Head Posture and Lower Arch Dental Crowding
Authors: Pachì Francesco , Turlà Ruggero , Checchi Alessandro Proietti 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between the posture of the head and the neck and late lower arch crowding.
Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 55 subjects (23 female, 32 male), age 12–18 years, with complete permanent dentition and without previous orthodontic treatment. Space conditions were valued by Nance's space analysis on the study models. Craniovertical, craniocervical, and craniohorizontal postural variables were recorded from lateral cephalograms. Student's t-test was performed to assess the differences of the postural angles between the two groups.
Results: The results showed that the differences of the postural variables between the two groups are statistically significant. Subjects with more than 2 mm dental crowding had mean craniocervical angles (NSL/CVT, NSL/OPT, NL/CVT, NL/OPT) that were 5° to 6° larger than the subjects with the space conditions smaller than 2 mm (P ≤ .01). In addition, the mean craniohorizontal angles (CVT/Hor, OPT/Hor) in the subjects with lower dental crowding were 4° smaller than subjects without dental crowding (P &lt; .05).
Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. A clear pattern of association between extended head posture and lower arch dental crowding was found.
Anteroposterior and Vertical Components of Class II division 1 and division 2 Malocclusion
Authors: Al-Khateeb Emad A. A. , Al-Khateeb Susan N. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective: To describe and analyze the skeletal and dental characteristics associated with Class II division 1 (Class II/1) and Class II division 2 (Class II/2) malocclusions in the anteroposterior and vertical dimensions.
Materials and Methods: A total of 551 lateral cephalograms were used; 293 films of Class II/1 and 258 films of Class II/2 malocclusions. Lateral cephalographs were traced and analyzed. Parameters for both malocclusions were compared with each other and with the norms calculated for the Jordanian population in another study.
Results: The maxilla was prognathic in both malocclusions. The mandible was retrognathic in Class II/1 and orthognathic in Class II/2. Vertically, LAFH was significantly reduced in patients with Class II/2 compared with subjects with Class II/1 who exhibited a significantly increased LAFH. In Class II/1, the lower incisors were proclined and the interincisal angle was reduced, while in Class II/2 the lower incisors were at a normal inclination and the interincisal angle was significantly increased.
Conclusions: Class II/2 may be considered as a separate entity which differs in almost all skeletal and dental features from Class I and Class II/1. A Class II skeletal pattern and reduced interincisal angle were common features of Class II/1 malocclusion, while a Class II skeletal pattern, increased interincisal angle, and skeletal deep bite were common features of Class II/2 malocclusion.