bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disseminated Prostate Cancer Cells Can Instruct Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells to Regulate Bone Phenotype
Authors: Joseph Jeena , Shiozawa Yusuke , Jung Younghun , Kim Jin Koo , Pedersen Elisabeth , Mishra Anjali , Zalucha Janet Linn , Wang Jingcheng , Keller Evan T. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Taichman Russell S. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Prostate cancer metastases and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) frequently home to the bone marrow, where they compete to occupy the same HSC niche. We have also shown that under conditions of hematopoietic stress, HSCs secrete the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)-2 and BMP-6 that drives osteoblastic differentiation from mesenchymal precursors. As it is not known, we examined whether metastatic prostate cancer cells can alter regulation of normal bone formation by HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). HSC/HPCs isolated from mice bearing nonmetastatic and metastatic tumor cells were isolated and their ability to influence osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation was evaluated. When the animals were inoculated with the LNCaP C4-2B cell line, which produces mixed osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions in bone, HPCs, but not HSCs, were able to induced stromal cells to differentiate down an osteoblastic phenotype. Part of the mechanism responsible for this activity was the production of BMP-2. On the other hand, when the animals were implanted with PC3 cells that exhibits predominantly osteolytic lesions in bone, HSCs derived from these animals were capable of directly differentiating into tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase–positive osteoclasts through an interleukin-6–mediated pathway. These studies for the first time identify HSC/HPCs as novel targets for future therapy involved in the bone abnormalities of prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 10(3); 282–92. ©2012 AACR.
La notoriété de l’appellation d’origine et du nom commercial, deux signes distinctifs. Étude comparée de droit français et jordanien
Authors: Al-Shammari Mohammad , Hattab Rasha 
Published: January 2012

Résumé
L’évolution du concept de notoriété relevant de la continuité, celui qui en entreprendrait l’étude ne serait pas près d’aboutir. S’agissant du domaine des signes distinctifs, le concept a d’abord fait son entrée à plusieurs reprises en droit des marques. Ensuite, et récemment, la notoriété a commencé à jouer un rôle d’importance dans la protection d’autres signes distinctifs, en affectant les règles du droit et de la jurisprudence. La présente étude cherche à mettre en lumière l’influence de la notoriété sur le mécanisme juridique mis en place pour protéger deux signes distinctifs: les appellations d’origine et les noms commerciaux. Les points de mire de la recherche ont été la présence de la notoriété dans les règles de droit concernées et le rôle de la notoriété dans l’extension de la protection conférée aux deux signes. La question est traitée sous un angle d’une comparaison entre deux législations – la législation française et la législation jordanienne.
Compliance with Philosophy of Exemption from Notification at Termination of Contract: Study in Light of Jordanian Labour Law
Authors: Kasassbeh Firas Y. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Under the Jordanian Labour Code 1996, it is not permissible for an employer to terminate a contract without giving the employee at least 1-month notice before the date of termination, because sudden dismissal would catch the worker unaware. However, there are cases in which an employer is exempted from giving prior notice, due to either the nature of the contract (e.g., definite-period contracts or employment under probation) or the nature of termination (e.g., due to the employee’s conduct resulting in a major error or due to technical or economic justifications such as redundancy). This study is devoted to examining all such cases in order to bring to light to what extent such cases truly reflect the philosophy behind exemption from notice.
Surface Temperature Gradients as Diagnostic Indicators of Midlatitude Circulation Dynamics
Authors: Karamperidou Christina , Cioffi Francesco , Lall Upmanu 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Zonal and meridional surface temperature gradients are considered to be determinants of large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. However, there has been limited investigation of these gradients as diagnostic aids. Here, the twentieth-century variability in the Northern Hemisphere equator-to-pole temperature gradient (EPG) and the ocean–land temperature contrast (OLC) is explored. A secular trend in decreasing EPG and OLC is noted. Decadal and interannual (ENSO-related) variations in the joint distribution of EPG and OLC are identified, hinting at multistable climate states that may be indigenous to the climate or due to changing boundary forcings. The NH circulation patterns for cases in the tails of the joint distribution of EPG and OLC are also seen to be different. Given this context, this paper extends past efforts to develop insights into jet stream dynamics using the Lorenz-1984 model, which is forced directly and only by EPG and OLC. The joint probability distribution of jet stream and eddy energy, conditional on EPG and OLC scenarios, is investigated. The scenarios correspond to (i) warmer versus colder climate conditions and (ii) polarized ENSO phases. The latter scenario involves the use of a heuristic ENSO model to drive the Lorenz-1984 model via a modulation of the EPG or the OLC. As with GCMs, the low-order model reveals that the response to El Niño forcing is not similar to an anthropogenic warming signature. The potential uses of EPG and OLC as macro-level indicators of climate change and variability and for comparing results across GCMs and observations are indicated.
Causes of the Rapid Warming of the North Atlantic Ocean in the Mid-1990s
Authors: Robson Jon , Sutton Rowan , Lohmann Katja , Smith Doug , Palmer Matthew D. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
In the mid-1990s, the subpolar gyre of the North Atlantic underwent a remarkable rapid warming, with sea surface temperatures increasing by around 1°C in just 2 yr. This rapid warming followed a prolonged positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) but also coincided with an unusually negative NAO index in the winter of 1995/96. By comparing ocean analyses and carefully designed model experiments, it is shown that this rapid warming can be understood as a delayed response to the prolonged positive phase of the NAO and not simply an instantaneous response to the negative NAO index of 1995/96. Furthermore, it is inferred that the warming was partly caused by a surge and subsequent decline in the meridional overturning circulation and northward heat transport of the Atlantic Ocean. These results provide persuasive evidence of significant oceanic memory on multiannual time scales and are therefore encouraging for the prospects of developing skillful predictions.
Using WSR-88D Data and Insolation Estimates to Determine Convective Boundary Layer Depth
Authors: Elmore Kimberly L. , Heinselman Pamela L. , Stensrud David J. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Prior work shows that Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) clear-air reflectivity can be used to determine convective boundary layer (CBL) depth. Based on that work, two simple linear regressions are developed that provide CBL depth. One requires only clear-air radar reflectivity from a single 4.5° elevation scan, whereas the other additionally requires the total, clear-sky insolation at the radar site, derived from the radar location and local time. Because only the most recent radar scan is used, the CBL depth can, in principle, be computed for every scan. The “true” CBL depth used to develop the models is based on human interpretation of the 915-MHz profiler data. The regressions presented in this work are developed using 17 summer days near Norman, Oklahoma, that have been previously investigated. The resulting equations and algorithms are applied to a testing dataset consisting of 7 days not previously analyzed. Though the regression using insolation estimates performs best, errors from both models are on the order of the expected error of the profiler-estimated CBL depth values. Of the two regressions, the one that uses insolation yields CBL depth estimates with an RMSE of 208 m, while the regression with only clear-air radar reflectivity yields CBL depth estimates with an RMSE of 330 m.
Prevalence of Positional Plagiocephaly in Teens Born after the “Back to Sleep” Campaign
Authors: Roby Brianne Barnett , Finkelstein Marsha , Tibesar Robert J. , Sidman James D. 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of positional plagiocephaly and brachycephaly in teenagers born after the “Back to Sleep” campaign but before orthotic helmet treatment became widely available and to provide long‐term outcomes data on those children with plagiocephaly who were not treated with remolding therapy.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.SettingLocal high schools in the Minneapolis–St Paul Metro area.Subjects and MethodsSubjects were selected if they attended participating high schools and were born after the Back to Sleep campaign began. Skull measurements, including transcranial diameter, length, and width, were taken. Overall facial appearance was inspected for any apparent abnormal characteristics. Cranial vault asymmetry and cephalic index were calculated for each participant. Plagiocephaly was diagnosed if cranial vault asymmetry was >1 cm. Brachycephaly was diagnosed if the cephalic index was >0.90.ResultsThere were 1045 participants, ranging from 12 to 17 years old, with an average age of 15.7 years. The prevalence of plagiocephaly was 1.1%. The prevalence of brachycephaly was 1.0%. The overall prevalence of a deformational cranial abnormality was 2.0%. Of those who met diagnostic criteria of plagiocephaly or brachycephaly, 38.1% were noted to have abnormal facial characteristics.ConclusionsThe prevalence of plagiocephaly and brachycephaly in teenagers is significantly lower than the 20% to 48% prevalence found in infants in previous studies, suggesting most children will outgrow the condition without intervention. Additional studies are needed to determine which patients might benefit from treatment and which will likely have resolution without intervention, since treating all infants who meet criteria results in significant overtreatment.
The characteristics and outcomes of parainfluenza virus infections in 200 patients with leukemia or recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Chemaly Roy F. , Hanmod Santosh S. , Rathod Dhanesh B. , Ghantoji Shashank S. , Jiang Ying , Doshi Arpan , Vigil Karen , Adachi Javier A. , Khoury Andrew M. , Tarrand Jeffery , Hosing Chitra , Champlin Richard 
Published: January 2012

AbstractCommunity respiratory viruses are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with leukemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Data on characteristics and outcomes of parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections in these patients are limited. We reviewed the records of patients with leukemia and HSCT recipients who developed PIV infections to determine the characteristics and outcomes of such infections. We identified 200 patients with PIV infections, including 80 (40%) patients with leukemia and 120 (60%) recipients of HSCT. At presentation, most patients (70%) had an upper respiratory tract infection and the remaining patients (30%) had pneumonia. Neutropenia, APACHE II score more than 15, and respiratory coinfections were independent predictors of progression to pneumonia on multivariate analysis. Overall mortality rate was 9% at 30 days after diagnosis and 17% among patients who had PIV pneumonia, with no significant difference between patients with leukemia and HSCT recipients (16% vs 17%). On multivariate analysis, independent predictors of death were relapsed or refractory underlying malignancy, APACHE II score more than 15, and high-dose steroid use. Patients with leukemia and HSCT are at risk for serious PIV infections, including PIV pneumonia, with a significant mortality rate. We identified multiple risk factors for progression to pneumonia and death.
Ambulatory investigation of sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Kent B.D. , McNicholas W.T. 
Published: January 2012

Educational aimsTo outline the importance of improved diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing and the need for ambulatory monitoring.To discuss the currently available options for home monitoring and the recommendations for their use, as well as novel modalities.To outline the issues surrounding patient selection and the need for further study.SummaryObstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is under-diagnosed, and attended in-patient sleep studies are resource intensive and inconvenient for the patient; therefore, there is increasing interest in the ambulatory diagnosis of OSAS. Full unattended polysomnography does not confer any advantage over more limited measurements. Ambulatory diagnosis of OSAS with cardiorespiratory polygraphy is suitable for use in patients with a high pre-test probability. Ambulatory monitoring by oximetry or ECG are not recommended by current guidelines, but a number of novel diagnostic modalities show some promise. Further studies are needed to address issues of cost-effectiveness, patient selection and device performance.
Anticancer treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sculier J-P 
Published: January 2012

Educational aimsTo propose a practical approach for the medical treatment of the patient with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, taking into account the fitness or unfitness of the patient for standard chemotherapy.To provide evidence supporting the recommended approach.SummaryPractical management of the patient with advanced non-small cell lung cancer is reviewed. First-line and salvage treatments are discussed as well as special situations, such as elderly, poor performance status and organ dysfunction. Special attention has been given to recently developed drugs that are registered within the European Union.
The place of radiotherapy in the palliative management of NSCLC
Authors: Putora P.M. , Früh M. , Kern L. 
Published: January 2012

Educational aimsTo explain the basic rationale of radiation oncology.To set out the typical indications for palliative radiotherapy and its limitations.SummaryPalliative treatment may be needed for many patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at diagnosis or during the course of their disease. For many palliative problems, including bleeding, pain, superior vena cava syndrome and obstruction, there are various treatment options, with radiotherapy being one of them. Consequently, multidisciplinary evaluation before a treatment decision is made is very important.
Strong convergence theorems by a hybrid extragradient-like approximation method for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in the intermediate sense in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Naraghirad Eskandar , Wong Ngai-Ching , Yao Jen-Chih 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H. Let S : C → C be an asymptotically nonexpansive map in the intermediate sense with the fixed point set F(S). Let A : C → H be a Lipschitz continuous map, and VI(C, A) be the set of solutions u ∈ C of the variational inequality

⟨

A
u
,
v
-
u

⟩

≥
0
,

∀
v
∈
C
.

The purpose of this study is to introduce a hybrid extragradient-like approximation method for finding a common element in F(S) and VI(C, A). We establish some strong convergence theorems for sequences produced by our iterative method.

AMS subject classifications: 49J25; 47H05; 47H09.
Genome-wide association scan and phased haplotype construction for quantitative trait loci affecting boar taint in three pig breeds
Authors: Gregersen Vivi R , Conley Lene N , Sørensen Kirsten K , Guldbrandtsen Bernt , Velander Ingela H , Bendixen Christian 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Boar taint is the undesirable smell and taste of pork meat derived from some entire male pigs. The main causes of boar taint are the two compounds androstenone and skatole (3-methyl-indole). The steroid androstenone is a sex pheromone produced in the testis of the boars. Skatole is produced from tryptophan by bacteria in the intestine of the pigs. In many countries pigs are castrated as piglets to avoid boar taint, however, this is undesirable for animal welfare reasons. Genetic variations affecting the level of boar taint have previously been demonstrated in many breeds. In the study presented in this paper, markers and haplotypes, which can be applied to DNA-based selection schemes in order to reduce or eliminate the boar taint problem, are identified.

Results
Approximately 30,000 SNPs segregating in 923 boars from three Danish breeds; Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire, were used to conduct genome wide association studies of boar taint compounds. At 46 suggestive quantitative trait loci (QTL), 25 haplotypes and three single markers with effects were identified. Furthermore, 40% of the haplotypes mapped to previously identified regions. Haplotypes were also analysed for effects of slaughter weight and meat content. The most promising haplotype was identified on Sus scrofa chromosome 1. The gain in fixed effect of having this haplotype on level of androstenone in Landrace was identified to be high (1.279 μg/g). In addition, this haplotype explained 16.8% of the phenotypic variation within the trait. The haplotype was identified around the gene CYB5A which is known to have an indirect impact on the amount of androstenone. In addition to CYB5A, the genes SRD5A2, LOC100518755, and CYP21A2 are candidate genes for other haplotypes affecting androstenone, whereas, candidate genes for the indolic compounds were identified to be SULT1A1 and CYP2E1.

Conclusions
Despite the small sample size, a total of 25 haplotypes and three single markers were identified including genomic regions not previously reported. The haplotypes that were analysed showed large effects on trait level. However, little overlap of QTL between breeds was observed.
Characterization of the biotin uptake system encoded by the biotin-inducible bioYMN operon of Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Schneider Jens , Peters-Wendisch Petra , Stansen K Corinna , Götker Susanne , Maximow Stanislav , Krämer Reinhard , Wendisch Volker F 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
The amino acid-producing Gram-positive Corynebacterium glutamicum is auxotrophic for biotin although biotin ring assembly starting from the precursor pimeloyl-CoA is still functional. It possesses AccBC, the α-subunit of the acyl-carboxylases involved in fatty acid and mycolic acid synthesis, and pyruvate carboxylase as the only biotin-containing proteins. Comparative genome analyses suggested that the putative transport system BioYMN encoded by cg2147, cg2148 and cg2149 might be involved in biotin uptake by C. glutamicum.

Results
By comparison of global gene expression patterns of cells grown with limiting or excess supply of biotin or with dethiobiotin as supplement replacing biotin revealed that expression of genes coding for enzymes of biotin ring assembly and for the putative uptake system was regulated according to biotin availability. RT-PCR and 5'-RACE experiments demonstrated that the genes bioY, bioM, and bioN are transcribed from one promoter as a single transcript. Biochemical analyses revealed that BioYMN catalyzes the effective uptake of biotin with a concentration of 60 nM biotin supporting a half-maximal transport rate. Maximal biotin uptake rates were at least five fold higher in biotin-limited cells as compared to cells grown with excess biotin. Overexpression of bioYMN led to an at least 50 fold higher biotin uptake rate as compared to the empty vector control. Overproduction of BioYMN alleviated biotin limitation and interfered with triggering L-glutamate production by biotin limitation.

Conclusions
The operon bioYMN from C. glutamicum was shown to be induced by biotin limitation. Transport assays with radio-labeled biotin revealed that BioYMN functions as a biotin uptake system. Overexpression of bioYMN affected L-glutamate production triggered by biotin limitation.
Second-line Treatment of Stage III/IV Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with pemetrexed in routine clinical practice: Evaluation of performance status and health-related quality of life
Authors: Schuette Wolfgang , Tesch Hans , Büttner Hartwig , Krause Thomas , Soldatenkova Victoria , Stoffregen Clemens 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Second-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) improves overall survival. There is a lack of data regarding the impact on patients' overall health condition. This prospective, non-interventional study evaluated performance status (PS) and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) during second-line pemetrexed treatment in routine clinical practice.

Methods
Stage III/IV NSCLC patients who initiated second-line pemetrexed (standard vitamin and dexamethasone supplementation) were observed for a maximum of 9 treatment cycles. The primary objective was to evaluate the proportion of patients achieving improvement of Karnofsky Index (KI) of ≥ 10% (absolute) or maintaining KI ≥ 80% after the second treatment cycle ("KI benefit response"). HR-QoL was self-rated using the EuroQoL-5D questionnaire (EQ-5D). Factors potentially associated with KI benefit response were evaluated using logistic regression models.

Results
Of 521 eligible patients (73.5% Stage IV, median age 66.3 yrs, 36.1% ≥ 70 yrs, 62.0% with KI ≥ 80%), 471 (90.4%) completed at least 2 treatment cycles. 58.0% (95%CI 53.6%;62.2%) achieved KI benefit response after the second cycle. Patients with baseline KI ≥ 80%, no Grade 3/4 toxicities during the first 2 cycles, or combination regimen as prior first-line therapy were more likely to achieve a KI benefit response. EQ-5D scores improved over time. Grade 3/4 toxicities were reported in 23.8% of patients (mainly fatigue/asthenia 15.9%, neutropenia 8.7%).

Conclusions
In this large prospective, non-interventional study of second-line pemetrexed treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC, including 36% elderly patients ( ≥ 70 years), physician-rated PS and self-rated HR-QoL were maintained or improved in the majority of patients.

Trial registration
Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00540241) on October 4, 2007