bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in macular thickness measurements repeatability with age using Cirrus Fourier‐domain optical coherence
Authors: PINILLA I , GARCIA‐MARTIN E , IDOIPE M , FUENTES L , SANCHEZ‐CANO A , LOPEZ DE LA FUENTE C , FUERTES MI 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To test the intrassession reproducibility of retinal thickness measurements using Cirrus Fourier‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). To evaluate if there is any relation between macular measurements repeatability and age of the studied subject.Methods Two hundred and nine of 209 healthy subjects underwent three macular 512x128 volume cube centered on the fovea done by the same experienced examiner using Cirrus HD OCT (Carl Zeiss, USA). Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and coefficients of variation (COV) were calculated for the 9 macular areas described by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) in the macular protocol. Values were analysed related to other subject factors like age and VA.Results All measurements were highly reproducible. The ICCs ranged from 0.823 to 0.992 using macular volume cube. Mean COV was 1.4 ±1.09% (ranged from 0.7 to 1.9%) for the nine ETDRS areas. COV values increased with age; a significant correlation was found between them (r=0.300, p≤0.001). COVs were also related to VA.Conclusion Retinal thickness measurements obtained using Cirrus Fourier‐domain OCT show good reproducibility for healthy eyes. Repeatability is related to the subject age.
Improving diabetic retinal clinics in a district general hospital to conform to UK national screening committee guidelines
Authors: MALIK A , MOORE SJ , PAUL B , ISLAM N 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To determine if new diabetic retinopathy patients, with either ‘urgent’ (R3M0, R3M1) or ‘routine’ (R2M1, R1M1) grading, are lasered within the appropriate national guidelines timeframe for: Time between listing (clinic) and first laser treatment following screening (OBJECTIVE 11) ‐ Urgent: Minimum standard 90% of patients<2 wks ‐ Routine: Minimum standard 70% of patients<10 wks Time between screening encounter and first laser treatment (OBJECTIVE 12) ‐ Urgent: Minimum standard 70% of patients<6 wks ‐ Routine: Minimum standard 70% of patients<15 wksMethods A retrospective audit of new patients (n=121) whom have undergone diabetic retinal laser for either R3 (proliferative retinopathy) or M1 (maculopathy), over a 6 month period (from 1st feb 2011 to 31st July 2011). Data collection method: ‐ Laser logbook ‐ Patient computer archives system ‐ Systematic review of patient’s notes Patients were excluded if: ‐ CRVO diagnosis ‐ already under Hospital eye services ‐ repeat laser attenders ‐ no data ‐ ungradeableResults ‐ No. eyes lasered in time /No. eyes seen (%) OBJECTIVE 11 (clinic to laser): Urgent ‐ 17/31 (55%) Routine ‐ 117/135 (87%) OBJECTIVE 12 (screening to laser): Urgent ‐ 12/32 (38%) Routine ‐ 90/135 (70%)Conclusion Standards achieved for routine but not urgent referrals for Objective 11 (clinic to laser time) and Objective 12 (screening to laser time). The appointment of a diabetic co‐ordinator helps to greatly improve flow of diabetic patient care pathway. Implementing the use of a medisoft connector would aid stream‐lining data transfer directly to the screening service, thus improving the quality of patient care.
Visual acuity and central macular thickness comparison between posterior sub‐Tenon's capsule triamcinolone injection and vitrectomy for diffuse diabetic macular oedema
Authors: NONOMURA S , OSHITARI T , YAMAMOTO S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To compare the effect of posterior sub‐Tenon's capsule triamcinolone acetonide injection (STTA) with the surgical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for diffuse diabetic macular edema (DME).Methods The medical records of 52 patients (52 eyes) with diffuse DME were reviewed. 26 eyes underwent STTA (20mg) and other 26 eyes – vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery. The central macular thickness (CMT) measured by OCT and best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were examined before and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Statistical analysis was performed with student t‐test, Mann‐Whitney U‐test and repeated measured ANOVA.Results Preop BCVA was 0.65±0.4 logMAR units in the STTA group and 0.77±0.3 logMAR units in the PPV group. One, 3 and 6 months postop BCVA were 0.59±0.4, 0.53±0.5 and 0.47±0.4 in the STTA group and 0.77±0.3, 0.59±0.4, and 0.59±0.4 in the PPV group. Preop CMT were 608.1±220μm in the STTA group and 534.4±157μm in the PPV group. One, 3 and 6 months postop CMT were 392.1±193μm, 284.4±101.7μm and 331.4±121μm in the STTA group and 386.8±175μm, 354.2±101.7μm and 354.2±156.4μm in the PPV group. The differences in the BCVA and the CMT between two groups were not significant at any periods before and after treatment.Conclusion Although STTA and PPV can significantly improve the BCVA and reduce the CMT in patients with diffuse DME, the differences in the BCVA and the CMT were not significant. Considering the minor invasion, STTA can be the first choice for the treatment of diffuse DME.
Multimarkers for diabetic retinopathy screening
Authors: CSUTAK A , TOROK ZS , TUKACS E , MAROS‐SZABO ZS , CSOSZ E , BERTA A , MOLNAR AM , TOZSER J , NAGY V , DOMOKOS B , HAJDU A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The aim of the project was to develop a methodology for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening based on the examination of tear fluid biomarker changes. To evaluate the usability of protein biomarkers for pre‐screening purposes different approaches and machine learning algorithms were used.Methods All persons involved in the study had diabetes. DR was diagnosed by capturing 7‐field fundus images. 165 eyes were examined, 55 were diagnosed healthy and 110 images showed signs of DR. Tears were taken from all eyes and state‐of‐the‐art nano‐HPLC coupled ESI‐MS/MS mass spectrometry protein identification was performed on them. Applicability of protein biomarkers was evaluated by six different optimal parameterized machine learning algorithms.Results Out of the six identified machine learning algorithms, result of the Recursive Partitioning proved to be the most accurate. The performance indicators of the system applying the above algorithm indicated 74 % sensitivity and 48% specificity.Conclusion Neither protein biomarkers nor machine learning algorithms are recommended alone for screening purposes because of low specificity and sensitivity values. This tool can be preferably used to improve the results of image processing methods as a complementary tool in automatic or semiautomatic systems.
Prognostic implication of choroidal thickness in ranibizumab‐treated eyes with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nvAMD)
Authors: YI JH , KWON HJ , LEE CS , LEE SC 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate prognostic factors in newly diagnosed nvAMD.Methods Forty eyes of 37 patients with nvAMD received 0.5mg of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) monthly. One month after the third IVR, responders were defined as patients having improved visual acuity without retinal fluid.Results 22 eyes (55%) were responders. Multivariate logistic regression identified thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) (p=0.049) and smaller choroidal neovascularization (p=0.043) as predictive factor for responder. SFCT were significantly thicker in responders (257 vs. 167 μm) even after adjusting for age and spherical equivalent. (p=0.024)Conclusion Thinner choroidal thickness is negative prognostic factor for response to IVR in nvAMD.
The ring like distribution profile of macular pigment appears highly heritable: a twin study
Authors: VAN KUIJK E , LIEW M , BEATTY S , GILBERT C , HAMMOND C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Macular pigment (MP) protects the retina from damage due to blue light and other oxidative stress. Genetic factors determine the distribution profile of MP, which may also be important in protection from oxidative stress. In addition it has been suggested that the ring pattern (with a “shoulder” in the profile at ~0.5 degrees from the fovea) may be protective of AMD .Methods 300 healthy white female twin volunteers, aged 16‐50 years (mean age 40+/‐8.7 years) had macular pigment optical density (MPOD) measured by 2‐wave‐length fundus autofluorescence (AF), figure 1. The sample consisted of 76 monozygotic twin pairs, and 74 dizygotic twin pairs. Case‐wise concordance was calculated by the formula 2C/(2C+D) where C is the number of twin pairs concordant for a ring structure, D the number of pairs discordantResults At baseline, mean MPOD by AF was 0.41 density units (SD 0.21; range 0.04 to 1.25) in the central half‐degree field, and exhibited a near‐ normal distribution. The ring like MP distribution profile was observed in 93 subjects (pre‐valence 0.31, 95% CI 0.26‐0.36). Concordance in monozygotic twins was 0.85 (95% CI 0.75‐0.95) compared to 0.43 in dizygotic twins (95% CI 0.23‐0.63), (p for diff<0.001).Conclusion The finding that the monozygotic twin concordance is approximately double the dizygotic concordance, suggests that genetic factors are important in determining the MP distribution profile in the macula. This agrees with our previous findings of significant MP optical density heritability.
Five‐year follow‐up results of photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Authors: KANG HM , KOH HJ 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the 5‐year efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).Methods Forty‐two eyes of 36 patients with PCV followed up for at least 60 months after PDT were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnosis of PCV was based on indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), showing branching vascular network with polypoidal components. All eyes were primarily treated with PDT, and retreated with PDT and anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection or with only anti‐VEGF injection. The recurrence of PCV was defined as the emergence of active polypoidal lesions observed with fluorescein angiography (FA) and ICGA. Retreatment was performed when leakage of fluorescein or subretinal fluid/intraretinal cyst on optical coherence tomography was noted during follow‐up examiinations.Results During the mean follow‐up duration, 73.64±13.47 months, the mean number of PDT was 2.21±1.62 times, and the mean number of anti‐VEGF injection was 5.05±5.55 times. Recurrence was noted in 33 eyes (78.6%) during follow‐up. The mean baseline BCVA was 0.78±0.48 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), and the final BCVA at 60‐month follow‐up was 0.68±0.54 logMAR. On the final evaluation at 60 months, the mean BCVA was improved in 14 eyes (33.3%) by at least 0.3 logMAR, stable (mean BCVA change within 0.2 logMAR from baseline) in 23 eyes (54.7%), and decreased in 5 eyes (11.9%) by at least 0.3 logMAR.Conclusion After 5 years, 88.1% of patients showed stable or improved BCVA after PDT. Despite of high recurrence rate up to 78.6%, PDT was effective for 5 years, and seems to be a good option of treatment in PCV patients.
Two year follow‐up of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) in patients with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD)
Authors: KOEV K , AVRAMOV L , BORISSOVA K 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The objective of this study is to examine long‐term effects of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) in patients with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).Methods The research was implemented for a period of two years. For LLLT, a He‐Ne Laser with continuous emission at 633 nm (01 mW/cm2) was used in patients with AMD of all stages (dry to wet exudative forms were included). In total, 54 patients (25 men and 29 women ‐ 108 eyes) with AMD of various stages and a mean age of 67.5 ±5.2 years were included in the study. Progressive, exudative AMD was diagnosed in 33 eyes. 75 eyes had drusen or were depigmented. Laser radiation was applied transpupillary 6 times for 3 min once in two days to the macula. 20 patients with AMD (40 eyes) were randomly selected to receive mock treatment (control group 9 men and 11 women with a mean age of 68.5± 4.2 years). Visual acuity was followed for a 2‐year period. The perimetry and Amsler test was used to screen central scotomas. Fluorescein angiogram of AMD and control groups was examined.Results Visual acuity remained unchanged in all patients in the control group. There was a statistically significant increase in visual acuity (p<0.001, end of study versus baseline) for AMD patients for the period of 2 years after the treatment. The edema and hemorrhage in the patients with progressive, exudative AMD significantly decreased. No side effects were observed during the therapy. The prevalence of metamorphopsia, scotoma in AMD group was reduced.Conclusion In conclusion, this study shows that LLLT may be a novel long‐lasting therapeutic option for both forms of AMD. This is highly effective treatment that improves visual acuity for a long tme.
Docosahexaenoic acid protects human RPE cells against oxidative stress via PI3K/Akt m‐TOR/p70‐p85S6K pathways
Authors: BABCHIA N , DE ARAUJO A , LECLERE L , BUTEAU B , GREGOIRE S , MARTINE L , BRETILLON L 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Oxidative Stress (OS) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), especially by targeting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Dietary habits with high consumption of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been shown to prevent the development and evolution of AMD. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how DHA affects AMD. Our study aimed to investigate the involvement of the PI3K/Akt and m‐TOR/p70‐p85S6K pathways in human RPE cells after induction of OS, and then to assess the effect of DHA in the signaling pathways and in the protection against RPE cell death.Methods For this purpose, we used ARPE‐19 cells exposed to the prooxidant agent, tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (t‐BHP).Results We found that exposing cells to t‐BHP (400µM) showed complete inhibition of Akt and p70/p85S6K active forms. However in cells enriched with DHA (20µM) and then exposed to t‐BHP (400µM), we demonstrated that Akt and p85S6K, but not p70S6K, remained phosphorylated for a longer time after stress. In addition there was a 2.6‐fold decrease in the number of necrotic cells after 48hours of t‐BHP treatment, as assessed by flow cytometry.Conclusion Our study suggests that 1/ PI3K/Akt and m‐TOR/P70‐p85S6K pathways play an important role in OS, 2/DHA protects RPE cells from apoptosis and necrosis triggered by OS by enhancing the phosphorylation of Akt and p85S6K.
Prognostic factors for visual outcome after intravitreal bevacizumab injection for pigment epithelial detachment in AMD
Authors: BOULADI M , CHEBIL A , KORT F , BOURAOUI R , MGHAIETH F , EL MATRI L 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the prognostic factors for visual outcome after intravitreal bevacizumab injection in patients with pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in AMDMethods Thirty eyes in 30 patients with CNV and PED in AMD who had received intravitreal bevacizumab injections were retrospectively reviewed. Initial visual acuity, pigment epithelial detachment size, retinal or subretinal fluid resolution and CNV location were evaluated at 12 months.Results Initial visual acuity was not correlated with BCVA at 12 months (p=0.063). CNV at the edge of PED appears to respond more favorably at 12 months (p=0.033) than CNV within PED. Sub and intraretinal fluid initially resolved faster than the sub‐PED fluid (P = 0.041).The subretinal pigment epithelial fluid was highly resistant. Sub and intraretinal fluid response did not appear to be related to PED size. Visual acuity improvement was similar in both groups: large and minimal PED component.Conclusion The location of CNV and the retinal or subretinal fluid resolution were the main prognostic factors for visual outcome. Bevacizumab was very effective in reducing more of the sub‐ and intraretinal fluid than the PED fluid in AMD with CNV.
Subfoveal perfluorocarbon liquid (SFCL) extraction: a report of three cases
Authors: CASTRO NAVARRO J , GARCÍA FERNÁNDEZ M , BAJO FUENTE A 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To analyze the outcomes after subfoveal perfluorocarbon liquid (SFCL) extraction.Methods Three eyes of three patients (all males and aged between 43 and 63 years old), with presence of subfoveal SFCL after retinal detachment (RD) with macular involvement surgery. After a variable period of time, which ranged from 1 to 12 months after vitreoretinal surgery, it was performed extraction of the SFCL by a retinotomy in the extrafoveal rim of the SFCL bubble and aspiration with a 38‐gauge cannula in one patient and with a 29‐gauge cannula in the other two. Full clinical ophthalmological examination, including determination of Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), funduscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)examination was performed in all patients prior and after surgery.Results BCVA prior surgery was 10/100 in the three patients. Funduscopy and OCT examination showed one SFCL bubble localizated under the fovea. Four months after surgery, it was achieved anatomic restoration, without rests of SFCL, but a severe defect in photoreceptors (PR) was appreciated by funduscopy and confirmed by OCT in all eyes. Visual acuity remained unchanged during the follow‐up period, being of 10/100 in the three eyes.Conclusion Subfoveal SFCL extraction in patients with previous RD with macular involvement surgery may imply bad functional outcomes, probably due to a previous damage of pigment retinal epithelium and PR, aggravated by SFCL toxicity.
Age related macular degeneration in the algerian population and comparison with the italian one
Authors: LAZREG S , DELCOURT C , NOURI MT 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To identify the risk factors for Age Related Macula changes (ARM and ARMD) in the Algerian population. The results will be compared, in a second time, to the results of a similar previous survey performed in Italy on Maghreb population. Finally, a predictive algorithm in order to detect the individual risk for developing AMD will be definedMethods Multicenter epidemiological study has been carried out in Algeria by 23 ophthalmologists who aimed to include all the patients aged of 55 years or more. Data were collected by questionnaire: age, gender, BMI, ethnical origin, personal and family history, smoking, alcohol consumption, sun exposure, food habits (fruits, vegetables, fat fish), food supplements, iris color, cataract surgery, refraction, fundusResults 1183 subjects included, 68 presented ARMD, 288 ARM and 82. People less than 65 years old were 37% and 40% were between 65 and 75 years old and most of them were Caucasian (90%) and 10% black. Factors significantly correlated to ARM and ARMD are: black‐African (OR: 9.25 and 19.04 for ARM and ARMD respectively), arthrosclerosis (OR: 3.28 and 1.94), family history of ARMD (OR: 4.48, significant for ARMD only), beer consumption (OR: 9.93 and 14.36), cataract surgery (OR: 1.71 and 2.71), myopia (OR: 3.74 and 5.61), hypermetropia (OR: 1.91)Conclusion This study is in line with risk factors already described, including the most rfactors already described, including the most recently pointed out ‐refraction troubles‐ and shows relevant variations between North‐African Caucasian living in their country and those living in Italy. Nevertheless, these preliminary results must be validated by further studies in order to find why there is a difference.
Isolated juxtapapillary haemangioma
Authors: PEFKIANAKI M , MICHAELIDES M 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To report a case of a juxtapapillary retinal capillary haemangiomaMethods A 21‐year‐old lady was referred from her optician with a six month history of blurred vision in her right eye. She was otherwise fit and well and did not take any regular medication. She had experienced occasional migraines in the last few years. She had no significant family history of note. On presentation, her visual acuity was 6/6 in both eyes. She had evidence of right optic disc swelling with some telangiectatic changes in a peripapillary distribution. In addition there were significant hard exudates temporal to the macula. A fundus fluorescein angiogram and OCT were undertaken which were consistent with a juxtapapillary capillary haemangioma. Although she had no systemic symptoms suggestive of Von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) syndrome, we referred her to a clinical geneticist to initiate investigations to evaluate this, as retinal haemangiomas are a frequent presenting feature of VHL; although they can be an isolated disorder. She underwent an abdominal and pelvic USS which was reported as normal, MRI of the head was reported as revealing no features suggestive of VHL disease, FBC, U&Es were also normal, 24 hr urine collection was normal for adrenaline, nor‐adrenaline and dopamine.Results Sixteen months after her first visit, her vision dropped to 6/12. OCT imaging demonstrated increasing macular oedema and exudation over the fovea. It was decided that the best option for treatment was intravitreal avastin, in combination with photodynamic therapy.Conclusion Combined anti‐VEGF therapy and PDT are a treatment option for juxtapapillary capillary haemangioma; although prognosis is often poor.
Intraocular pressure response to acetazolamide in patients with retinal detachment
Authors: ARNDT C , DUCASSE A , GHOUALI W 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Besides the responsibility of vitreous traction, deficient photoreceptors adherence due to lower fluid transport of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has been hypothezised to be involved in the occurrence of retinal detachment(RD). However this adherence remains difficult to evaluate in patients. Acetazolamide reduces aqueous secretion of the ciliairy body and stimulates fluid absorption by the RPE. Recording the intraocular pressure response to systemic acetazolamide could enable to indirectly evaluate the carbonic anhydrase activity of the RPE.Methods The response to intraveineous acetazolamide was evaluated on the first postoperative day in 30 patients undergoing either RD surgery (n=15) or epiretinal membrane peeling (n=15). Intraocular pressure was measured with a handheld Perkins tonometer in suppine position before (t‐2 min) and after the administration of acetazolamide (t+2 min,t+6min ,t+10 min and t+30 min). The mean variation of the intraocular pressure was compared between the two groups.Results Consecutively to the intraveineous injection of acetazolamide, a reduction of the intraocular pressure was observed in both groups (both n=15). This reduction was significantly lower in the group of patients who underwent RD surgery. The observed difference remained significant until 10 minutes (p<0,01 at t= 2, 6 and 10 min). At t=30 min, the intraocular pressure reduction was comparable in both groups.Conclusion The response to acetazolamide is significantly lower in patients undergoing RD surgery. Further research should aim to confirm the value of the intraocular pressure response to acetazolamide for characterizing photoreceptor adherence.