bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between conventional Si and new generation of SiC detector for high proton energy spectrometry
Authors: Torrisi L. , Havranek V. , Mackova A. , Calcagno L. , Torrisi A. , Cutroneo M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A SiC Schottky diode and a Si surface barrier detector have
been compared during Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS)
using 2–3 MeV proton beams. Both detectors are suited to detect
high energetic ions with high-energy resolution for spectroscopic
analysis.

The correlations between the detector parameters and the surface
passivating layers, ion energy and current dependence, ion
penetration depth, detection efficiency and energy resolution, are
outlined.

Comparative RBS analysis performed using SiC and Si detectors has
been investigated to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of
the use of SiC with respect to the traditional Si junction
detector. RBS spectrometry has been carried out using projectiles of
proton incident on different targets to analyse their composition
and thickness by the detection of the backscattered ions revealed by
Si and SiC detectors.
Study of residual artificial neural network for particle identification in the CEPC high-granularity calorimeter prototype
Authors: Song S. , Chen J. , Liu J. , Liu Y. , Qi B. , Shi Y. , Wang J. , Wang Z. , Yang H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Particle Identification (PID) plays a central role in
associating the energy depositions in calorimeter cells with the
type of primary particle in a particle flow oriented detector
system. In this paper, we propose novel PID methods based on the
Residual Network (ResNet) architecture which enable the training of
very deep networks, bypass the need to reconstruct feature
variables, and ensure the generalization ability among various
geometries of detectors, to classify electromagnetic showers and
hadronic showers. Using Geant4 simulation samples with energy
ranging from 5 GeV to 120 GeV, the efficacy of Residual
Connections is validated and the performance of our model is
compared with Boosted Decision Trees (BDT) and other pioneering
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approaches. In shower
classification, we observe an improvement in background rejection
over a wide range of high signal efficiency (> 95%). These
findings highlight the prospects of ANN with Residual Blocks for
imaging detectors in the PID task of particle physics experiments.
DEDALO: Device for Enhanced Dust Analyses with Light Obscuration sensors
Authors: Teruzzi L. , Cremonesi L. , Potenza M.A.C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Instruments based on light obscuration sensors are widely
used for measuring the size distribution of insoluble sub-visible
particles in liquid suspensions, being fast and suitable for in situ
and real-time measurements. Such instruments are typically
calibrated by means of reference polystyrene spherical particles
with a specific refractive index, which unavoidably leads to
systematic errors when determining the size of particles of
different materials. In this paper, we propose a reliable and
consistent method to overcome this limitation by setting the
refractive index value according to the sample, thus achieving an
improved particle size distribution (PSD) measurement. An ad hoc,
ready-to-use, open source code with a graphical interface able to
drive an in-line instrument and obtain a real-time correction to the
PSD has been developed. The method has been extensively validated
with several oil emulsions characterized by different refractive
index values and the results have been compared with an independent
optical method. As an example of application, we have adopted this
approach for the analysis of dust suspended in meltwater of an ice
core from a glacier in the Aosta Valley (Italy). We believe that our
approach will strongly improve the accuracy in characterizing liquid
suspensions and reduce discrepancies between data obtained with
different methods. The code has been made publicly available at:
https://instrumentaloptics.fisica.unimi.it/dedalo/ and on the
GitHub page of the corresponding author
(https://github.com/LucaTeruzzi/DEDALO).
WASA: a low power and high integration readout ASIC for TPCs in 65 nm CMOS
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Canwen , Deng Zhi , Li Fule , Li Yulan , Qi Huirong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The paper presents the development of a low-power and
high-integration readout ASIC (WASA) for time projection chambers
(TPCs). Each channel of the ASIC consists of the analog front-end, a
waveform sampling ADC and digital signal processing circuits. To
reduce power consumption, a simple CR-RC shaper and a digital
trapezoid filter are adopted to achieve comparable performance to a
CR-RC4 shaper with much lower power. Trigger logic and data
buffer have also been integrated to reduce the data bandwidth. A
16-channel prototype chip was fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process and
was tested. The test results were consistent with the simulation. At
40 MSPS sampling rate, the power consumption of the chip was only
4.94 mW per channel, including 1.38 mW from the
analog front-end, 0.83 mW from the waveform sampling ADC
and 2.73 mW from digital logics. The equivalent noise
charge of 569 e+14.8 e/pF has been
achieved. The measured dynamic range was 120 fC and the
integral nonlinearity was less than 0.74%. More design details
and test results will be given in this paper.
Software compensation for highly granular calorimeters using machine learning
Authors: Lai S. , Utehs J. , Wilhahn A. , Bach O. , Brianne E. , Ebrahimi A. , Gadow K. , Göttlicher P. , Hartbrich O. , Heuchel D. , Irles A. , Krüger K. , Kvasnicka J. , Lu S. , Neubüser C. , Provenza A. , Reinecke M. , Sefkow F. , Schuwalow S. , De Silva M. , Sudo Y. , Tran H.L. , Buhmann E. , Garutti E. , Ḣuck S. , Kasieczka G. , Martens S. , Rolph J. , Wellhausen J. , Blazey G.C. , Dyshkant A. , Francis K. , Zutshi V. , Bilki B. , Northacker D. , Onel Y. , Hummer F. , Simon F. , Kawagoe K. , Onoe T. , Suehara T. , Tsumura S. , Yoshioka T. , Fouz M.C. , Emberger L. , Graf C. , Wagner M. , Pöschl R. , Richard F. , Zerwas D. , Boudry V. , Brient J-C. , Nanni J. , Videau H. , Liu L. , Masuda R. , Murata T. , Ootani W. , Takatsu T. , Tsuji N. , Chadeeva M. , Danilov M. , Korpachev S. , Rusinov V. ,   The CALICE collaboration
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A neural network for software compensation was developed for the highly granular CALICE Analogue Hadronic Calorimeter (AHCAL). The neural network uses spatial and temporal event information from the AHCAL and energy information, which is expected to improve sensitivity to shower development and the neutron fraction of the hadron shower. The neural network method produced a depth-dependent energy weighting and a time-dependent threshold for enhancing energy deposits consistent with the timescale of evaporation neutrons. Additionally, it was observed to learn an energy-weighting indicative of longitudinal leakage correction. In addition, the method produced a linear detector response and outperformed a published control method regarding resolution for every particle energy studied.
Treatment of polluted water with pesticides by photo-oxidation (Fenton photo)
Authors: Al Mayali Mohammed H. K. , Al-Azawey Atheer S. N. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, advance photo oxidation (Fenton Photo) used to treat some pesticides. Three pesticides were used: spider pesticides (Pyridaben), herbicides (Atlantes), and insecticides (Acetop-20). The ferric sulphate (FeSo4.7H2O) used as oxidant agents, hydrogen peroxide as catalase and sunlight as a source of ultraviolet radiation, TOC and COD tests were used to measure organic matter the variables in treatment are time and pesticide concentration. Removable Effeciency (RE) % of COD are (31.6, 44.1, 46.4) and of TOC test are (63, 58.4, 43.5) at the treatment time (15, 30, 40) minute. According to the findings, treatment duration and pollutant concentration significantly impacted the effectiveness of the removal process.
Determination of Some Heavy Metal Concentrations and Physical/Chemical Properties of Well Water in Babylon Governorate/ Iraq
Authors: Mudhehe Sekeb Mohammed , Abdul Kadhim Hadi Al – Sadi Mohammed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The presence of One of the most significant is heavy metals in water. risks, which may cause health problems. In this work, we tried to determine the amount of three heavy metals (lead, nickel, and cadmium) in groundwater in different locations in Babylon Governorate The current study aims to estimate the quality of groundwater by evaluating its physical and chemical properties, as well as evaluating lead, nickel, and cadmium (Pb, Cd, Ni) in this water and monitoring the variation in their concentration rates during the seasons of the year. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrometer to determine their lead, nickel and cadmium content and compare their levels with the maximum level of contaminants specified by the World Health Organization. Water samples were collected from 15 wells in different areas (Abu Ghariq, Sinjar, Hilla, Al-Mahawil, Al-Imam, Al-Nile, Jableh, Al-Mashrou, Al-Hashimiya, Al-Qasim, Madhatiya, Al-Taliah, Al-Musayyab, Alexandria and Al-Sada) during the period from September 25, 2022 to July 25, 2023.The concentrations of lead and cadmium were higher than the permissible limits suggested by the World Health Organization. As for nickel it did not exceed the permissible limit. The study can then be concluded that it is contaminated with some heavy metals due to the influence of several activities in the study area. Decreased treatment, regulations and integrated management have led to the deterioration of groundwater quality. Total dissolved salts, turbidity, conductivity, and total hardness in the groundwater of these sites were also studied.
The Anti-Bacterial Activity of Titanium Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning A group of Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria
Authors: Tayeh Mayes.mohammead. , Al-hadedee LameesThamer. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
PVP/TiO2 fibers were prepared using the electrospinning method, and the diameter of the fibers at a concentration of (1) mg/ml reached (42.96, 21.99, 21.72, 17.17, 14.16) nm, while at a concentration of (0.75), the diameter of the fibers was (27.15, 20.02, 45.82, 28.42). The diameter of the fibers was (20.89, 24.04, 24.40, 24.28) for concentration (0.5), and the shape of the fibers prepared for concentration (1) was straight and without beads compared to concentrations (0.75, 0.5) that were not straight. The inhibitory effectiveness of the compound prepared for electrospinning PVP/TiO2 was tested at concentrations Different types of (0.5, 0.75, 1) mg/ml and 6 grams of PVP were inhibited, and all types of Gram-negative and positive bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli) were inhibited, reaching the highest inhibition zone at a concentration of (1) mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, as the diameter of inhibition was (20). As for PVP, it had no inhibitory activity for the same types of bacteria mentioned above. The effectiveness of NF TiO2 was tested at different concentrations (0.5, 0.75, 1) mg/ml against the same types of bacteria mentioned above. The highest inhibition zone was reached at a concentration of (1) mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, as the diameter of inhibition was (21). Through the results, it was found that the inhibition of TiO2NF is better than TiO2 NP, and this is due to This increases the surface area of nanofibers compared to TiO2 NP, which leads to increased resistance to bacteria.
Effect of using Plantago ovata psyllium seed powder in the diet on productive performance and water consumption of broiler chickens
Authors: Jasim Mohammed Aseel , Saadi Rasool Bushra , Muzahem Al-Khailani Firas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study took place from January 13 to February 23, 2023, at the poultry field of the Office of Agricultural Research, Animal Resource Department, and Poultry Research Station. An average weight of 38.1 grams was employed in the experiment with 300 Ross 308 chicks that were one day old. Within a confined hallway with thirty chambers, the chicks were nurtured. With five treatments and five replications for every treatment, a total of ten birds were assigned at random to the chicks throughout the quarantine period. Both the food and the feeding schedule for the birds were balanced. The amount of psyllium in Plantago ovata seeds varied depending on the treatment (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5): 0, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1% of the ration. Out of the experiment’s third, fourth, fifth, and sixth weeks, the average body weight of the T4 treatment was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the control treatment and the remaining treatments. Comparing the T4 therapy to the control treatment and all other research treatments during the course of the trial, the findings likewise revealed a substantial increase (P < 0.05) in the rate of weight gain and consumption. The weekly feed conversion coefficient for each experimental treatment for comparison with the control treatment and for each experimental period shown a substantial improvement (P < 0.05) in the findings. Regarding the weekly water consumption rate, there were no appreciable variations across the testing treatments. After 42 days of raising broiler chicks, the study’s findings indicate that adding psyllium seed powder to broiler meals at a rate of 0.4-1% increased performance.
Study of some chemical characteristics of Eruca sativa treated with Tecamin fertilizer
Authors: Ayad Jassem Safa , Latif khudhair Zainab 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Herbaceous plants and herbal extracts have occupied great importance since ancient times and have been used in traditional medicine for having large groups of chemical compounds that are used to improve the performance of human biological functions. Eruca sativa is one of the important nutrients that contains various phytochemicals and effective compounds. This experiment was carried out in the autumn agricultural season 2022/2023 in one of the Diwaniyah governorate nurseries to study the effect of spraying Tecamin fertiliser on improving the chemical characteristics of Eruca sativa plant. The plant was grown in plastic pots with four concentrations (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 ml/L) and at 3 repetitions per treatment. The results showed that the treatment with a concentration of 2.5 ml/L achieved highest significant significance to the other concentrations used in the study, and highest significant significance was recorded for all of the chemical characteristics studied represented by (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, protein and carbohydrates), which amounted to (47.50±3.21, 0.46±0.04, 2.15±0.08, 8.21±0.42, 1.96±0.03) for each treat, respectively.
Detection of High Temperature Effect on Quality of Drinking Water Bottled with PET Plastic
Authors: Sami Jafat Hawraa , Al-Khalaf Alaa K.H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Plastic pollution is currently a global problem and a major threat to human health and the environment. The effect of exposure to thermal and solar stress on the quality of drinking water bottled in plastic for the two types (Aquafina and Alhilwa) was studied. Chemical tests of the drinking water were conducted after each exposure and during different times.
Thermal analysis of bottled drinking water plastic that was exposed to solar and thermal stress was studied to indicate the type and level of chemical contamination of bottled drinking water with chemical compounds released as a result of thermal stress or solar stress.
From the results of chemical tests to raise awareness of drinking water, it was found that some characteristics exceeded the permissible limits, such as total hardness, chloride, pH level, etc., and that they increased with increasing exposure to high temperature, depending on the type of stress.
When exposure to high temperatures increased, the plastic cracked and transformed at a temperature of (55) Celsius and an exposure time of 12 hours.
Through the results of the thermal analysis of plastic before and after exposure to thermal and olfactory stress, the significant effect of exposure became clear and the difference between thermal exposure and solar exposure was evident through the variation in readings of transition peaks and phase transition energy for thermal analysis by thermal scanning calorimetry.
Use of the newly isolated bacteria E. coli (SAY) in bioethanol production from organic wastes
Authors: Mustafa Sama A. , Mohammed Ahmed J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This work was carried out to find a new and cheap material as source for alternative energy. In the present study a newly recorded bacterial sub-strain (E. coli SAY) was used for the bio-fermentation of latus leaves. The results show that the bacteria were able to fermenting the sugar presented in the latus leaves and produce ethanol. It was found that the pretreatment increases the amount of sugar available for fermentation and the best results were found with HCL pretreatment. The resulted ethanol concentrations were increased with distillation as well as with dehydration process.
The impact of some environmental variables on the performance of solar PV module
Authors: Mohammed Kalf Yahya , Atwan Ahmed F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The country of Iraq tops the list of countries in solar activity and therefore has the most important renewable energy sources, which we desperately need to fill the acute shortage of electrical energy. The availability of this source coincides with a significant rise in temperature in most of its regions and a wide range of days of the year. Where temperatures play a key role in wind activity and the provocation of dust storms, which urgently requires a field study to find out the impact of these factors on the performance of photovoltaic solar modules. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of the solar module under the influence of dust accumulation, temperature and wind speed. A group symmetric of monocrystalline silicon solar modules have been experimented to see how these factors affect the performance of the modules. The results showed that there is a clear impact by the heat factor and dust accumulation on the performance of solar modules, but the wind factor is the least influential and what can be concluded is that Iraq, especially the city of Baghdad, is an ideal place to invest solar energy in the production of electrical energy.
NIR heterojunction based on porous silicon and CuO:Cu2O nanoparticle for photovoltaic devices
Authors: Radhy Hassan Hala , Abd Ahmed N. , Jassim Mohammed Ali Mohammed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Solar cells are considered one of the most important sources of renewable energy and have high economic quality within sustainable development programs. Nanoparticles have higher photoresponsivity than microscopic counterparts due to their increased surface area per unit volume, which considerably lowers charge carrier recombination and scattering. CuO and Cu2O are common transition metal oxides with optical band gaps appropriate for near-infrared detection. They also form a type II heterojunction, which allows for efficient charge separation. In addition to constructing this photodetector, we synthesize CuO:Cu2O composite nanoparticles by laser ablation, fabricate photodetector devices and photoelectric cells and deposit them on porous silicon by drop-casting method to examine photoresponse and specific detectivity. as a solar cell.
Thermoplastic polymers as water substitutes
Authors: Quiñones Luis Ángel , Sánchez Andrea , Pérez Joaquín , Seguro Álvaro , Castro Ignacio , Castanedo Miguel , Vicent Diana , Iborra María Amparo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background. New applications of 3D printing have recently appeared in the fields of radiotherapy and radiology, but the knowledge of many radiological characteristics of the compounds involved is still limited. Therefore, studies are needed to improve our understanding about the transport and interaction of ionizing radiation in these materials. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to perform an analysis of the most important radiation interaction parameters in thermoplastic materials used in Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printing. Additionally, we propose improvements to bring their characteristics closer to those of water and use them as water substitutes in applications such as radiodiagnosis, external radiotherapy, and brachytherapy. Methods. We have calculated different magnitudes as mass linear attenuation, mass energy absorption coefficients, as well as stopping power and electronic density of several thermoplastic materials along with various compounds that have been used as water substitutes and in a new proposed blend. To perform these computations, we have used the XCOM and ESTAR databases from NIST and the EGSnrc code for Montecarlo simulations. Results. From the representation of the calculated interaction parameters, we have been able to establish relationships between their properties and the proportion of certain chemical elements. In addition, studying these same characteristics in different commercial solutions used as substitutes for water phantoms allows us to extrapolate improvements for these polymers. Conclusion. The radiological characteristics of the analyzed thermoplastic materials can be improved by adding some chemical elements with atomic numbers higher than oxygen and by using polyethylene in new blends.
Integration of metformin-loaded MIL-100(Fe) into hydrogel microneedles for prolonged regulation of blood glucose levels
Authors: Feng Mingjia , Li Yan , Sun Yanfang , Liu Tianqi , Yunusov Khaydar E , Jiang Guohua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The transdermal drug delivery based on microneedles (MNs) provides a suitable and painless self-administration for diabetic patients. In this work, the hydrogel-forming MNs were firstly fabricated using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan (CS) as matrix. A hypoglycemic drug, metformin (Met), had been loaded into MIL-100(Fe). Then, both of free Met and Met-loaded MIL-100(Fe) were integrated into hydrogel-forming MNs for regulation of blood glucose levels (BGLs) on diabetic rats. After penetrated into the skin, the free Met could be firstly released from MNs. Due to the absorption of interstitial fluid and subsequent release of loaded Met from MIL-100(Fe), leading to a sustainable and long-term drug release behaviors. A notable hypoglycemic effect and low risk of hypoglycemia could be obtained on diabetic rat models in vivo. The as-fabricated hydrogel-forming MNs expected to become a new type of transdermal drug delivery platform for transdermal delivery of high-dose drugs to form a long-term hypoglycemic effect.