bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Myxobolus cerebralis on Apache and Gila Trout in Laboratory Exposures
Authors: Thompson Jim B. , Snekvik Kevin R. , Vincent E. Richard 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Whirling disease has been implicated in salmonid population declines in several western states. To determine the risk of a species or strain of salmonid to whirling disease it is critical to establish its relative susceptibility to Myxobolus cerebralis infection. Gila trout Oncorhynchus gilae and Apache trout Oncorhynchus gilae apache were exposed to various doses of M. cerebralis triactinomyxons (TAMs) in laboratory experiments. In trials conducted in consecutive years, fish were exposed to TAMs in doses ranging from 25 to 2,000/fish at ages ranging from 66 to 201 d posthatch (dph). All fish were held for 900 degree-days, and then the infection intensity of each fish was determined by histological examination. In 2002, 98% of the Gila trout died during exposure or within 48 h postexposure. Seventy-four percent of the Apache trout died before the end of the 90-d study period. Those that survived the entire study period had an average histological score of more than 4.0. In subsequent trials, the TAM dosage was decreased to 25–1,000/fish. Also, the age of the fish was increased from 66–72 dph to 89–201 dph. The survival rate increased from 16.0% to 49.1%. Average histological grades ranged from 1.6 to 4.8. Based on this data, it can be concluded that both Apache and Gila trout are highly susceptible to M. cerebralis in laboratory trials.
A New Ranavirus Isolated from Pseudacris clarkii Tadpoles in Playa Wetlands in the Southern High Plains, Texas
Authors: Torrence Shannon M. , Green D. Earl , Benson Catherine J. , Ip Hon S. , Smith Loren M. , McMurry Scott T. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Mass die-offs of amphibian populations pose a challenging problem for conservation biologists. Ranaviruses often cause systemic infections in amphibians and, in North America, are especially virulent and lethal to larvae and metamorphs. In this paper we describe a novel ranavirus isolate as well as the first recorded occurrence of ranavirus in the southern High Plains of Texas and in associated populations of the spotted chorus frog Pseudacris clarkii. The breeding sites were playas, that is, wetlands that fill via isolated thunderstorms that can occur infrequently; thus, not every playa has water or breeding amphibians annually. We did not detect ranavirus in sympatric anurans, but other reports document ranaviruses in Pseudacris spp. elsewhere. The occurrence of multiple isolates of ranavirus in a number of Pseudacris species suggests that this genus of frogs is highly susceptible to ranaviruses and may experience exceptionally high mortality rates from infection. Thus, the virus may contribute to substantial seasonal population declines and low seasonal recruitment, with negative impacts on populations of breeding adults in successive years.
Potential for Largemouth Bass Virus to Associate with and Gain Protection from Bacterial Biofilms
Authors: Nath Shubhankar , Aron Gary M. , Southard Gregory M. , McLean Robert J. C. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to investigate whether largemouth bass virus (LMBV) can exist within biofilms. Suspended LMBV was partitioned into either laboratory-grown Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms or pond-grown, mixed-population biofilms. Biofilm-entrapped LMBV retained infectivity when tested on epithelioma papillosum cyprini tissue culture cells. The LMBV associated with P. fluorescens biofilms were resistant to disinfection by sodium hypochlorite and an iodine-based compound (betadine) but were susceptible to ethanol. Largemouth bass virus was not detected in biofilms or water from ponds that had previously contained LMBV-positive fish, suggesting either that the viral concentrations were below the detection limit of qPCR or that the fish represented the main LMBV reservoir. This study illustrates the potential for LMBV to associate with bacterial biofilms and thereby gain protection from some chemical disinfectants.
Hematological and Plasma Biochemical Parameters of Aquarium-Maintained Cownose Rays
Authors: Ferreira Claudia M. , Field Cara L. , Tuttle Allison D. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
There is generally a dearth of information involving reference ranges of health variables for numerous elasmobranch species commonly housed in zoos and aquaria; thus, extrapolation from a few existing elasmobranch studies is commonly used to assess health parameters in these species. The primary objective of this study was to establish baseline complete blood cell count and plasma chemistry reference ranges for captive individuals of the cownose ray Rhinoptera bonasus, an elasmobranch that is widely displayed in zoos and aquaria worldwide. This study was conducted using 18 adult cownose rays currently housed at the Mystic Aquarium and Institute for Exploration in Connecticut. Median blood and plasma values were 550 cells/μL for total white blood cell count; 511,250 cells/μL for total red blood cell count; 31% for packed cell volume; 5.8 g/L for total solids; 2.85 g/dL for total protein; 33 units (U)/L for aspartate aminotransferase; 34 U/L for alkaline phosphatase; 0.2 mg/dL for total bilirubin; 1,155 mg/dL for urea nitrogen; 0.1 mg/dL for creatinine; 0.6 g/dL for albumin; 2.15 g/dL for globulins; 144 mg/dL for cholesterol; 157 mg/dL for triglycerides; 45 mg/dL for glucose; 16.9 mg/dL for calcium; 5.8 mg/dL for phosphorus; 294 mmol/L for sodium; 1.55 mmol/L for potassium; and 270 mmol/L for chloride. Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, amylase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase were below the detectable limits for several samples. In nine samples, alanine aminotransferase levels were below the instrument range (&lt;4 U/L). No significant differences between sexes were detected. The reference ranges reported in this study should provide a useful guide for routine health monitoring of captive cownose rays.
Vitamin D Levels and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Joergensen Christel , Gall Mari-Anne , Schmedes Anne , Tarnow Lise , Parving Hans-Henrik , Rossing Peter 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate vitamin D as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and risk of progression to micro- or macroalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a longitudinal observational follow-up study, 289 type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (n = 172), microalbuminuria (n = 73), and macroalbuminuria (n = 44) at baseline were followed for a median (range) of 15.0 (0.2–23) years. Mean ± SD age was 54 ± 9 years. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry on baseline samples. Severe vitamin D deficiency was defined as the lower 10th percentile (&lt;13.9 nmol/l).

RESULTS
Median (range) vitamin D level was 35.7 (5–136.7) nmol/l. Vitamin D levels were not associated with age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), or A1C at baseline, but low levels were weakly associated with elevated systolic blood pressure (R = 0.13, P = 0.03). During follow-up, 196 (68%) patients died. All-cause mortality was increased in patients with severe vitamin D deficiency (hazard ratio 1.96 [95% CI 1.29–2.98]). The association persisted after adjustment for UAER, A1C, diabetes duration, and conventional cardiovascular risk factors (2.03 [1.31–3.13]). Severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased cardiovascular mortality (1.95 [1.11–3.44]), and the association persisted after adjustment (1.90 [1.15–3.10]). Severe vitamin D deficiency at baseline did not predict progression to micro- or macroalbuminuria.

CONCLUSIONS
In type 2 diabetic patients, severe vitamin D deficiency predicts increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, independent of UAER and conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Whether vitamin D substitution improves prognosis remains to be investigated.
Hypersensitivity to Pollen of Olea Europea in Patients with Pollen Allergy in Zadar County, Croatia
Authors: Skitarelić Nataša , Mazzi Antun , Skitarelić Neven , Mišulić Joško , Vuletić Ana 
Published: July 2010

Učestalost senzibilizacije na pelud masline u bolesnika s peludnom alergijom na području ZadraPreosjetljivost na pelud masline važan je uzrok peludnih alergija u mediteranskim zemljama. Cilj ovoga rada bio je utvrditi učestalost preosjetljivosti na pelud masline među bolesnicima s peludnom alergijom u Zadru i Zadarskoj županiji. Dobivene rezultate usporedili smo s ranijim ispitivanjem preosjetljivosti na pelud masline u Dalmaciji.Ukupno je obrađen 671 ispitanik s preosjetljivosti na peludne alergene. Od toga broja 61 % ispitanika bilo je muškog spola, a 39 % je bilo ženskog spola. Od ukupno ispitanih 53.5 % činila su djeca u dobi od 4 do 14 godina, a preostalih 46.5 % bili su odrasli u dobi od 15 do 59 godina života. Svim ispitanicima uzeta je detaljna obiteljska i osobna anamneza, napravljen klinički pregled te učinjeno kožno prick-testiranje i enzimatsko-imunološki UniCAP-test za određivanje specifičnih IgE-protutijela. Statistička obrada podataka učinjena je χ2-testom.Preosjetljivost na pelud masline dokazana je u 8.8 % bolesnika s peludnom alergijom. Najveći broj bolesnika s preosjetljivosti na pelud masline boluje od alergijskog rinitisa, 58 % bolesnika. Postoji statistički značajna razlika u broju bolesnika između dvije ispitivane sredine, gradske i seoske. Samo 3 % bolesnika stanovnici su otoka.Preosjetljivost na pelud masline u našem ispitivanju najniža je u odnosu na ispitivanja provedena u drugim mediteranskim zemljama. Najčešće se očituje kliničkom slikom alergijskog rinitisa, a statistički je značajno češća u gradskoj sredini. Usporedba preosjetljivosti na pelud masline tijekom dvaju ispitivanih razdoblja u našoj zemlji nije pokazala porast broja bolesnika s preosjetljivosti na pelud masline.
Prevalence of Smoking and Other Smoking-Related Behaviours Among Students Aged 13 to 15 Years in Montenegro: Results from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey of 2008
Authors: Ljaljević Agima , Zvrko Elvir , Mugoša Boban , Matijević Snežana , Andjelić Jasmina 
Published: July 2010

Prevalence of Smoking and Other Smoking-Related Behaviours Among Students Aged 13 to 15 Years in Montenegro: Results from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey of 2008The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is an international study that provides data on youth tobacco use for development of tobacco control programs. It is a school-based survey that uses a standardised methodology for sampling, core questionnaire items, training protocol, field procedures, and data management.This article reports the findings from a GYTS conducted in Montenegro in 2008, which included 5723 adolescents. More than 30 % of students aged 13 to 15 tried smoking, 5.1 % smoked cigarettes, and 3.6 % of students used tobacco products other than cigarettes. Four in 10 ever smokers started to smoke before the age of 10. More than half the students reported secondary smoke exposure at home. Almost all (96.5 %) current smokers bought cigarettes in a store. Two in 10 students owned an artifact with a cigarette or tobacco brand logo on it.The GYTS study has shown that there is an urgent need to introduce effective child-oriented smoking prevention programmes in early elementary school classes. These should be accompanied by public awareness campaigns on smoke-free homes.
Toxicological Effects of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Noxious Agents in Modern Warfare and Terorrism
Authors: Vučemilović Ante 
Published: July 2010

Toksikološke posljedice oružja za masovno uništavanje i noksa u suvremenom ratovanju i terorizmuOružja za masovno uništavanje najbolji su primjer uporabe civilizacijskih tehnoloških dostignuća u štetne svrhe i protiv ljudske civilizacije. Unatoč nastojanjima oko kontrole i smanjenja njihove količine, rizik zbog samoga postojanja pa čak i širenja zahtijeva da se o njihovoj uporabi i dalje vodi računa i da se povećaju obrambene mjere - nuklearno-biološko-kemijske obrane (NBKO).Osim suvremenog vojnika koji je u vojnim i mirovnim operacijama diljem svijeta izložen raznim noksama kemijskog, biološkog i radiološkog podrijetla, nezaštićeno i uglavnom slabo educirano civilno stanovništvo može biti izloženo terorističkim napadima.Oružja za masovno uništavanje i nokse kemijskog, biološkog i radiološkog podrijetla uzrokuju razne toksikološke posljedice, a bez obzira na njihovo podrijetlo, imaju zajednički nazivnik djelovanja - poremećaj fiziološkog stanja u organizmu. Poremećaji proizašli nakon izlaganja tim noksama nerijetko se teško determiniraju, dijagnosticiraju i liječe.U ovome su radu s biomedicinskog aspekta obrađene važnije nokse kemijskog, biološkog i radiološkog podrijetla na temelju odabranih primjera iz terorizma i suvremenog ratovanja: polonij-210, osiromašeni uran, salmonela, bedrenica (antraks), genetički modificirane bakterije, polimerno predivo "paučina" i bojni otrovi sarin i iperit.
Growth Inhibition of Aspergillus Ochraceus ZMPBF 318 and Penicillium Expansum ZMPBF 565 by Four Essential Oils
Authors: Čvek Domagoj , Markov Ksenija , Frece Jadranka , Dragičević Tibela , Majica Matea , Delaš Frane 
Published: July 2010

Growth Inhibition of Aspergillus Ochraceus ZMPBF 318 and Penicillium Expansum ZMPBF 565 by Four Essential OilsFungi produce a large variety of extracellular proteins, organic acids, and other metabolites and can adapt to several environmental conditions. Mycotoxin-producing moulds of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium are common food contaminants. One of the natural ways to protect food from mould contamination is to use essential oils. In this study, we evaluated the effect of essential oils of cinnamon, lavender, rosemary, and sage at 1 % (v/v) concentration in yeast media inoculated with spores (final concentration 106 mL-1 media) of Aspergillus ochraceus ZMPBF 318 and Penicillium expansum ZMPBF 565, alone or in combination, on fungal biomass. Cinnamon showed the best inhibitory effect (100 %). Lavender oil best inhibited the growth of Aspergillus ochraceus (nearly 100 %), and was less successful with Penicillium expansum (having dropped to 57 % on day 28). With cultivation time the inhibitory effect of sage and rosemary oil grew for Aspergillus ochraceus and dropped for Penicillium expansum.These results suggest that fungi can be controlled with essential oils, especially with cinnamon oil.
Very true on CBA fuzzy logic
Authors: Botur Michal , Švrček Filip 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
CBA logic was introduced as a non-associative generalization of the Łukasiewicz many-valued propositional logic. Its algebraic semantic is just the variety of commutative basic algebras. Petr Hájek introduced vt-operators as models for the “very true” connective on fuzzy logics. The aim of the paper is to show possibilities of using vt-operators on commutative basic algebras, especially we show that CBA logic endowed with very true connective is still fuzzy.
Relatively uniform convergences in archimedean lattice ordered groups
Authors: Jakubík Ján , Černák Štefan 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
For an archimedean lattice ordered group G let G
d and G∧ be the divisible hull or the Dedekind completion of G, respectively. Put G
d∧ = X. Then X is a vector lattice. In the present paper we deal with the relations between the relatively uniform convergence on X and the relatively uniform convergence on G. We also consider the relations between the o-convergence and the relatively uniform convergence on G. For any nonempty class τ of lattice ordered groups we introduce the notion of τ-radical class; we apply this notion by investigating relative uniform convergences.
On absolute summability for double triangle matrices
Authors: Savaş Ekrem , Şevli Hamdullah 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
A lower triangular infinite matrix is called a triangle if there are no zeros on the principal diagonal. The main result of this paper gives a minimal set of sufficient conditions for a double triangle T to be a bounded operator on ; i.e., T ∈ B () for the sequence space defined below. As special summability methods T we consider weighted mean and double Cesàro, (C, 1, 1), methods. As a corollary we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a double triangle T to be a bounded operator on the space of double sequences of bounded variation.
Trophic interactions between preadult and adult Pomatoschistus minutus and Pomatoschistus microps and young Platichthys flesus occurring in inshore waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic)
Authors: Złoch Ilona , Sapota Mariusz 
Published: July 2010

Trophic interactions between preadult and adult Pomatoschistus minutus and Pomatoschistus microps and young Platichthys flesus occurring in inshore waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic)
We intended to estimate if shallow inshore waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk can be considered important feeding grounds for the fishes under investigation. We also examined whether competition for food exists between the investigated fishes which co-exist. The study was carried out at Sopot and Chałupy stations from summer 2001 to autumn 2003. The results showed the high importance of Neomysis integer, which exclusively lives in coastal waters, in the diet of all three investigated fish species. It indicates that they utilize this zone as a feeding ground. The obtained dataset also led to the conclusion that fish trophic niches overlap by about 40%.
Asymmetry in certain morphological characters of the carangid species Decapterus russelli, collected from the Lemah coastal area, on the northern part of Oman Sea
Authors: Jawad Laith , Al-Mamry Juma , Al-Kharusi Ahlam , Al-Habsi Soad 
Published: July 2010

Asymmetry in certain morphological characters of the carangid species Decapterus russelli, collected from the Lemah coastal area, on the northern part of Oman Sea
Asymmetry analysis has been carried out for some bilateral characters of Decapterus russelli (Family: Carangidae) collected from Oman Sea. The results showed that postorbital length demonstrated the highest incidence of asymmetry among the characters studied. The lowest asymmetry value was for the number of pectoral fin rays. An increasing trend in the asymmetry value with fish length is also obtained for preorbital length, number of pectoral fins and number of lateral line scutes. A similar trend is also evident in the postorbital length and eye lens diameter of individuals with body sizes <160 mm. The possible causes of asymmetry in this species are herein discussed in relation to different pollutants and their presence in the area.
Dissolved organic matter transformation in the hyporheic zone of a small lowland river
Authors: Zieliński Piotr , Jekatierynczuk-Rudczyk Elżbieta 
Published: July 2010

Dissolved organic matter transformation in the hyporheic zone of a small lowland river
The objective of this study was to examine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) changes in porewaters that occur over a small scale (cm) in the hyporheic zone (HZ) of a lowland stream in the Knyszynska Forest in northeast Poland. Hyporheic zone porewaters were sampled at different depths of 10, 30, 50, 70 cm at two study sites with different sediment material. The results showed significant differences in DOC concentrations between the upper and lower stream HZ. The current results indicate that small lowland sediments provide both a source and a sink of DOC for stream water, depending on the river course. The higher DOC level observed in the hyporheic zone suggests that porewater can be an autonomic site of biogeochemical changes of dissolved organic matter, which is very clear in the SUVA fluctuations.
Heavy metal contamination of waters in reservoirs in an urban agglomeration
Authors: Szpakowska Barbara , Karlik Bogdan , Krzesiński Włodzimierz , Goliński Piotr , Szczęsna Magdalena , Mleczek Mirosław 
Published: July 2010

Heavy metal contamination of waters in reservoirs in an urban agglomeration
The aim of the study was to estimate the degree of heavy metal pollution in water reservoirs in the city of Poznań as well as that in supply and outlet waters. The experimental data were compared with the results of mathematical analyses based on mathematical equations of linear regression that were derived. No considerable discrepancies were noted for zinc, cadmium, or copper in the 2004-2005 period.
The metal concentrations in the analyzed water reservoirs were affected by the neighboring agglomeration and land development in the catchment area. The lowest concentrations of analyzed metals in inflowing waters ranged from 0.013 μg dm-3 for cadmium to 454 μg dm-3 for zinc. The application of simple mathematical models may considerably facilitate forecasting adverse changes that occur in aquatic ecosystems.
The Geo-Demographic Dimension of Romanian Rural Space
Authors: Staşac Marcu , Albu Ioana , Stupariu Marius 
Published: July 2010

The Geo-Demographic Dimension of Romanian Rural Space
Knowing, researching into and developing the rural space are activities of utmost importance for a country, both by the dimension of the rural space, expressed by the surface as such, and by the dimension of the demographic component (of the rural population). Referring to Romanian rural space, this is dominant, representing almost 94% of Romania's total surface (93.7%). In what concerns the demographic component (population), as it is known, this confers a particular dynamics to the rural space, generating a series of quantitative and qualitative aspects. At present the share of the rural population reaches 47% out of the total of Romania's population. Generally speaking, we can assert that the village and generally the Romanian village remains further on the main propeller of life. Thus the share of the rural population, besides the whole range of socio-demographic indicators, which can outline the degree of stability or instability of the rural space, as well as other basic indicators, such as the share of the rural population occupied in productive activities, socio-cultural services, tourism activities, etc., enhance the importance of the rural life from one country or another, reason for which the development of the rural space remains a problem of a national and international level. Consequently, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe has raised the issue of the rural space at the level of European and Community policy.
Dynamics of National Composition of Vilnius Population in the 2nd Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Stanaitis Saulius , Česnavičius Darius 
Published: July 2010

Dynamics of National Composition of Vilnius Population in the 2nd Half of the 20th Century
The article presents changes of national composition of Vilnius population in the 2nd half of the 20th century. The changes of Vilnius population are analyzed with respect to nationality, including the smallest territorial administrative units of Vilnius. The growth of the city population was associated with an intensive allround city development. Based on the data of the censuses of 1989 and 2001, the article focuses on the dynamics of national composition, which took place after the restoration of independence. The analysis encompasses not only the intensity of dynamics of different nationalities but also the portion of national minorities residing in Vilnius (Poles and Russians in particular) on a country scale.