bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SEASONAL EMERGENCE OF SOME HIGH ARCTIC CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Danks H. V. , Oliver D. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe annual emergence of 11 chironomid species from more or less shallow ponds in the area of Hazen Camp (81°49′ N., 71°18′ W.) is considered. Features of emergence are very similar in all these arctic species, although different species emerge at slightly different times in the same habitat.In the deeper habitats, emergence from a deep site is slightly later than that from a shallower one in the same pond. There are very marked differences in times of emergence from pond to pond: emergence of 50% of the annual total for a given species may be reached in different ponds up to 3 weeks apart. These differences from habitat to habitat mean that adults are present over the general Hazen area throughout the arctic summer.The time at which emergence begins in a given pond (or given site within a deeper pond) is primarily dictated by the temperature required for pre-emergence development, but also by other features of individual ponds. Pond temperatures near 4° or 5 °C are most important in this respect. The time of first emergence differs between years in the same pond according to year-to-year temperature differences.Emergence of a given species is basically highly synchronized within a pond, but the emergence period may be prolonged by lowered temperatures acting as a threshold for adult emergence at about 7 °C. The emergence pattern is less regular in shallow ponds in which the temperature fluctuates greatly, and it is more regular with lower peaks in deeper ponds.Males of a number of species generally emerge slightly before the females.Emergence of given species within given ponds is synchronized because only larvae which are ready to pupate without further feeding in spring emerge in any year. There must therefore be control of a ’diapause’ type.Aquatic insect species are characterized as ’absolute spring species’ if all potential émergents overwinter as mature larvae (i.e. larvae in which no further growth is necessary before emergence) and also ’diapause’ is present at this stage. To this category all of these high arctic species belong. They are apparently derived from ’absolute spring species’ farther south, the life-cycles of which are pre-adapted to the shortness of the arctic season. Despite the potential for highly synchronized emergence which such species possess, this potential is not fully realized in the arctic because the irregular fluctuations of temperature there operate near values which may directly inhibit development and emergence.
THE CONIFEROUS FEEDING SPECIES OF ARGYRESTHIA IN CANADA (LEPIDOPTERA: YPONOMEUTIDAE)
Authors: Freeman T. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFourteen coniferous feeding species of Argyresthia in Canada are dealt with. The following seven species are described as new: canadensis n. sp., Quebec; mariana n. sp., Ontario; columbia n. sp., British Columbia; picea n. sp., Ontario, Quebec, Yukon Territory; abies, n. sp., Ontario; tsuga n. sp., British Columbia; pseudotsuga n. sp., British Columbia. Two species, confused under the name freyella Walsingham, are distinguished. A key is given to the species.
COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR OF THE MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER,MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES(ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Pickford R. , Gillott C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStudies on the courtship behavior ofMelanoplus sanguinipes(Fabr.) clearly indicated that the male played the dominant role. The conspicuous waving of antennae and vibrating of hind femora, which form an integral part of the male’s behavioral pattern, did not appear essential for normal coupling. Visual stimuli proved to be of primary importance for ’homing in’ on the female prior to the mounting leap. Blinding the male caused all courtship activities to cease. Males clearly were able to select mature females from immature ones and virgin from mated females. Although further experimental evidence is required for corroboration, it is suggested that this selectivity may have been accomplished by some form of chemical stimulus emitted by the females.
A NEW SPECIES OFPARATRICHOBIUS(DIPTERA: STREBLIDAE) FROM ARIZONA
Authors: Peterson B. V. , Ross A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractParatrichobius americanusnew species is described and illustrated from specimens collected in Arizona, from the host batChoeronycteris mexicanaTschudi It is most closely related to theP.longicrus(Miranda Ribeiro) complex of species, but is easily differentiated from all the known species by details of the chaetotaxy of the profemur, mesonotum and gonapophyses, and by the small eyes. This is the first species of the genus to be recorded from the bat subfamily Glossophaginae, all others are known only from the Stenoderminae (family Phyllostomidae).
INSECTS AND ARACHNIDS OF BATHURST ISLAND, CANADIAN ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO
Authors: Danks H. V. , Byers J. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTerrestrial arthropods collected from Bathurst Island in 1969 are listed: 78 species (4 spiders, 13 mites, and 61 insects, 30 of which are chironomids) have now been collected in this area of the high arctic. Notes on the overwintering of some of the commoner insect species are given. Although the collecting season was a poor one in 1969 because of adverse weather conditions, the list probably represents half or more of the island’s arthropod fauna. The nature of the list indicates that this fauna is impoverished compared to some other areas of the Queen Elizabeth Islands. This impoverishment may be largely explained by climatic factors.
THE MANITOBAN FAUNA OF LEAFHOPPERS (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE): I. DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND COLOUR FORMS
Authors: Hamilton K. G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEight new species of Cicadellidae are described, largely from Manitoban material: Macropsis feminis, M. sauront, M. vinea, Gyponana gracilis, Cicadula junea, Laevicephalus bison, Macrosteles (Sagatus) flavalis, and Paraphlepsius varispinus. The male genitalia of Fitchana twiningi (Uhler) is described for the first time. Colour forms of Macropsis nigricans Van D. and Balclutha punctata (Thunb.) are illustrated.
COUPLING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER, MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Pickford R. , Gillott C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe mechanics of coupling in Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabr.) are described and differences between some species of Acrididae discussed. A high level of coupling activity was revealed with the most active male and female mating 56 and 46 times, respectively. In addition, multiple daily matings, to a maximum of five, were common. The majority of copulations occurred during the morning in both laboratory and field; however, in the latter, unfavourable weather restricted sexual activity. Coupling did not appear to occur at random; significant preferences were shown by certain males for certain females.
BIRD FLEAS (SIPHONAPTERA) OF NEW MEXICO
Authors: Haas Glenn E. , Martin Richard P. , Swickard Martha , Wilson Nixon 
Published: December 2009

AbstractOnly two species of bird fleas were known from New Mexico:Ceratophyllus celsus celsusJordan andC.petrochelidoniWagner, both from the southeastern part of the state. Four new records of the latter species from northcentral New Mexico are added. An unpublished old record and seven new records ofC.nigerFox are presented. Records of three rodent fleas,Catallagia decipiensRothschild,Monopsyllus wagneri(Baker), andM.eumolpi(Rothschild), found in bird nests also are given.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND OF TEMPERATURE PRETREATMENT ON DIAPAUSE AND ON THE SYNCHRONIZATION OF ADULT EMERGENCE IN MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE)
Authors: Krunic M. D. , Hinks C. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effect of temperature on prepupal diapause development in the hymenopteran Megachile rotundata (F.) was investigated by storing prepupae at various temperatures from −20° to 28 °C prior to final incubation at 28 °C. Preincubation temperatures of 5°, 10°, and 15 °C proved equally effective for diapause development and for the synchronization of adult emergence. Lower temperatures resulted in less synchronous emergence and higher mortality. When prepupae were exposed to more moderate temperature regimes prior to storage at lower temperatures, adult emergence became more synchronized and mortality declined. A high percentage of bees emerged after storage at 20 °C but their emergence was poorly synchronized. Over 50% of the prepupae stored at 28 °C developed without prior treatment at lower temperature but emergence was even less synchronized. The results of these experiments show that all prepupae diapause but the rate of diapause development becomes increasingly variable above and below an optimal range of 5° to 15 °C.
DISPERSAL AND LONGEVITY OF MOSQUITOES TAGGED WITH 32P
Authors: Chant G. D. , Baldwin W. F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMature mosquito larvae of Aedes communis (De Geer) were collected from woodland pools and treated in solutions of 32P. Adults from these larvae were captured using 20 traps employing battery operated lights, and dry ice producing CO2. Trapping was continued for 13 weeks, and a total of 31 radioactive flies were captured during the period. The majority of the radioactive mosquitoes were recovered at the outer limits of the study area of 1 mile, most of them east and south from the release point, and the last tagged individual was trapped 44 days after emergence. Thus, it seems probable that most of the tagged mosquitoes dispersed further than the limits of our study area and that they survived for more than 1 month in the field.
THE RELATION OF SONG STRUCTURE TO TEGMINAL MOVEMENT INMETRIOPTERA SPHAGNORUM(ORTHOPTERA: TETTIGONIIDAE)
Authors: Morris Glenn K. , Pipher Robert E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFlash photography of the wings of a decticine katydid,Metrioptera sphagnorum(F. Walker), during stridulation, indicates that major trains of sound pulses of both song modes coincide with wing closures. The song mode characterized by intense ultrasonics is generated by tooth–scraper interactions over an interval of approximately 60 teeth at the lateral end of the file. A more medial file region is employed for the audio-dominated mode. Tooth removal confirms the role of different file regions in mode generation. Each pulse of the ultrasonic mode closure is a wave train of 10–15 waves of uniform amplitude, approximating a pure tone frequency of 33 kHz.
THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ATTEMPT AGAINST THE EUROPEAN WHEAT STEM SAWFLY, CEPHUS PYGMAEUS (HYMENOPTERA: CEPHIDAE), IN ONTARIO
Authors: Beirne Bryan P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThere are no valid reasons to believe that the allegedly successful biological control attempt against Cephus pygmaeus (L.) in Ontario was in fact a success. There are definite indications that it was a failure.
THE EFFECT OF MICRO-CAUTERIZING THE ALPPM ("GOLD SPOT" OF AUTHORS) OF THE PUPA OF THE MONARCH BUTTERFLY,DANAUS P.PLEXIPPUS(LEPIDOPTERA: DANAIDAE)
Authors: Urquhart F. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBy a method of micro-cauterization, in which a small area of tissue may be destroyed without bleeding, it is indicated that the pigmented areas on the pupa of the monarch butterfly,Danaus p.plexippus(Linnaeus), are involved in the distribution or formation of wing scale colouration. The paper deals with experiments involving one pair of such areas, namely the alar (Al) pigmented macula which, like the median notai macula, effects apical wing colour on the prothoracic wings.
DIFFERENCE IN RADIOSENSITIVITY OF TWO COLONIES OF TOBACCO BUDWORMS, HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Proshold F. I. , Bartell J. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSterility induced by gamma irradiation of the adult male tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), was studied in two colonies, one was reared in the laboratory for more than 60 generations (laboratory strain) and the other reared for fewer than 9 generations (wild strain). When irradiated males were crossed with untreated females, the percentage egg hatch for each dose was lower with the laboratory than with the wild strain. When laboratory and wild females were crossed reciprocally with irradiated males, the fertilities were similar to those of the laboratory and wild strains, respectively. When irradiated males were crossed with female progeny from reciprocal crosses, the percentage egg hatch was similar to that of the wild strain.Wild strain females were nearly monogamous for the first several generations, but F0 females mated nearly as frequently as females of the laboratory strain.
EFFECTS OF PRE-STORAGE TREATMENT ON SURVIVAL OF DIAPAUSING LARVAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: McMorran Arlene 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAt a constant temperature of 1 °C, survival of diapausing second-instar larvae of C. fumiferana (Clem.) for any given period is, to a large extent, determined by pre-storage treatment. At a pre-storage temperature of 20 °C larval survival was 80% or higher following storage periods ranging from 169 to 290 days. Survival of larvae pre-stored at 24 °C was never as high as at 20 °C, and the survival began to decrease after 225 days storage. At 28 °C this decrease had occurred before 169 days of storage. Larvae held at high pre-storage temperatures had almost normal survival when the pre-storage period was shorter. Mean time for larvae to emerge from diapause was increased by longer diapause periods and by high pre-storage temperatures. There was a corresponding decrease in larval vigour.
A REVISION OF THE GENUS TACHIISOMORPHUS (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) OF NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe species of the genus Tachinomorphus (Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae) of North and Central America are revised. Five species are recognized as valid. Two species are described as new: arizonensis from the Huachuca and Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona and Durango in Mexico and sharpi from Texas and northern Mexico. Tachinomorphus remotus (Sharp) is placed in synonymy with grossulus (Leconte). Lectotypes are designated for grossulus (Leconte), remotus (Sharp), and major (Sharp). The distribution of each species is mapped and all major diagnostic characters illustrated either with line drawings or scanning electron photomicrographs. The habitat, if known, is discussed for each species. A key is included as an aid to distinguishing the species.
TREE CRICKET (ORTHOPTERA: OECANTHIDAE) DAMAGE TO YOUNG PEACH TREES
Authors: Elliott W. M. , Dhanvantari B. N. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBlack-horned tree crickets (Oecanthus nigricornis F. Walker) were reared from rows of eggs laid in the twigs of recently planted peach trees in Essex County, Ontario. Eggs were laid in September and hatched the following June. Egg laying injury was most frequent at the edges of peach blocks. The injuries did not become infection sites for peach canker fungi (Cytospora cincta Sacc. and C. leucostoma Sacc). Twenty-one per cent of the twigs died above the injury and eggs then hatched, but if the injuries healed and the twigs survived, very few eggs hatched.
THE IDENTITY OF SOME GENERA OF SYRPHINI (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE) DESCRIBED BY MATSUMURA
Authors: Vockeroth J. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA study of the type specimens of species of Syrphini described by Matsumura in 1917 shows that Macrosyrphus is a junior synonym of Metasyrphus Matsumura, Mesosyrphus is a junior synonym of Melangyna Verrall, and Parasyrphus is a senior synonym of Phalacrodira Enderlein. Incorrect designations of type-species for Episyrphus and Stenosyrphus are noted.
TIMING SPRAYS FOR CODLING MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE) CONTROL ON APPLE
Authors: Hagley Elmer A. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEffective codling moth control was obtained by timing the application of insecticidesito coincide with the period of greatest larval emergence in the orchard. This occurred 6–10 days after first emergence and the latter could be predicted by heat unit summations. In 1971 and 1972 144 and 137 degree-days accumulated from the date on which the first male moth was taken in pheromone traps and the first larvae emerged, respectively.
THE IMMATURE STAGES OFPTYCHOPTERA LENIS LENIS(DIPTERA: PTYCHOPTERIDAE) WITH NOTES ON THEIR BIOLOGY
Authors: Hodkinson I. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe four larval instars and the pupa ofPtychoptera lenis lenisOsten Sacken are described. Instars 2 to 4 are very similar morphologically but instar 1 is markedly different. Both a pharate pupal and a pharate adult stage were observed. Larvae are found in stagnant marginal areas of ponds where water depth does not exceed 4 cm and where benthic deposits of plant detritus exceed 8 cm. Fourth instar larvae, under experimental conditions, survived up to 45 days without contact with atmospheric oxygen but development was arrested.P.lenishas a 1 year life cycle with an extended adult emergence season from late May to the end of July.
THREE ADDITIONAL SYNONYMS OF ALLOGRAPTA (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE)
Authors: Vockeroth J. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe nominal genera Neoscaeva Frey, Rhinoprosopa Hull and Antillus Vockeroth, all from the Neotropical Region, are synonymized with Allograpta Osten Sacken. The previously unknown male of the type-species of Antillus is described.
EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF HARVESTING ALFALFA ON ALFALFA WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) AND PARASITE POPULATIONS IN MICHIGAN
Authors: Casagrande Richard A. , Stehr Frederick W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), first found in Michigan in 1966, caused considerable damage to alfalfa throughout the state by 1971. In contrast to more southern regions, the alfalfa weevil lays very few eggs in the fall in Michigan. As a result, most eggs and larvae are present when the fields are ready for cutting in the spring.Different cutting dates were evaluated to determine the effects of cutting on populations of the alfalfa weevil, its primary parasite in Michigan, Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), and damage to the crop. Cutting at 507 degree-days (base 48°F (8.9 °C)) caused a 79% reduction in the number of alfalfa weevils produced and a 57% reduction of B. curculionis, while almost eliminating crop damage. Cutting at earlier and later times caused different reductions in populations of both insects and different crop damage.
NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE LARCH NEEDLEWORM,ZEIRAPHERA IMPROBANA(LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), IN ONTARIO
Authors: Lindquist O. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe life history and habits ofZeiraphera improbana(Walker) on tamarack,Larix laricina(Du Roi) K. Koch, are outlined and the immature stages are described. One braconid, one ichneumonid, and three chalcid parasites are listed.
PARTICULARITIES OF DIVERSE EGG DEPOSITION PHENOMENA CHARACTERIZING CARNIVOROID HYMENOPTERA (WITH MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS)
Authors: Flanders S. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEntomophagous carnivoroids, especially those in which the development of the individual (ontogeny) is effected by its subsistence on the body fluids and the flesh of one host individual, show an extreme diversity in form and habit whereby their embryonic and larval stages are adapted for a highly specialized mode of life.One of the more interesting of these adaptations is exhibited by biparental species of Hymenoptera in the placement of their haploid and diploid eggs in a particular organ or tissue of the host species. This adaptation may or may not be correlated with sex differentiation in host relations, a reproductive habit characterized either by differing oviposition responses that segregate haploid (male) and diploid (female) eggs to different kinds of hosts or, lacking such responses, by differing developmental mechanisms that segregate first instar males from first instar females.The available information regarding the occurrence of the obligatory associations between the hymenopterous egg and a specific organ or tissue of the host, their characteristics, and pertinent physiological prerequisites are summarized.Basically, these associations appear to be dependent on (1) the gravid carnivoroid usually being free of any physiological pressure (or urge) to oviposit despite the presence of eggs ready for deposition in the ovary and/or stored in the oviduct and (2) the limitation of egg deposition to the moment when the tip of the female’s ovipositor makes contact with a host or the spoor of the host. Freedom from oviposition pressure derives from the female’s ability to dispose of her "ripe" ovarian eggs by methods other than deposition, that is, either by storage in enlarged oviducts or by resorption into the bloodstream.
NUMERICAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE ORTHOPTEROIDS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE GRYLLOBLATTODEA
Authors: Kamp J. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA numerical taxonomic analysis was performed using eight exemplars of the orthopteroids. Two suites of attributes were used in a non-weighted dissimilarities analysis. The same suites of attributes were analyzed for a similarity index with dendrograms based on the shortest connection network of Prim. The Tettigoniidae and Gryllidae are in agreement with current systematic placement within the Ensifera. The Caelifera diverge early from ancestral stem lines and suggest a greater separation from the Ensifera within the Orthoptera than generally accepted for their systematic position. The dendrograms suggest that the Blattaria and Mantodea show a relationship closer than the present subordinal rank permits. In the dendrograms the Grylloblattodea and Dermaptera form a remote complex from the other orthopteroids and each qualifies as a separate order. Modern classification of the orthopteroids considers the Dictyoptera, Dermaptera, Orthoptera, and Phasmida as orders. My analysis elevates the Grylloblattidae to the ordinal level as Grylloblattodea.
SAMPLING POPULATIONS OF PINE LEAF CHERMID PINEUS PINIFOLIAE (HOMOPTERA: CHERMIDAE): II. ADULT GALLICOLAE ON THE SECONDARY HOST
Authors: Ford Robert P. , Dimond John B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractProcedures for absolute population sampling of the gallicola migrans stage of the pine leaf chermid on its secondary host are described. This involves determining the mean numbers of gallicolae per fascicle on one twig from each of 29–240 pines per stand and estimating the numbers of fascicles in the stand from the distribution of stem diameters. Patterns and distributions of the gallicolae within trees and stands are discussed with comments on their biological significance.
THE EFFECT OF JUVENILE HORMONE ON THE FUNCTION OF THE ACCESSORY GLAND OF THE ADULT MALE COCKROACH PERIPLANETA AMERICANA (ORTHOPTERA: BLATTIDAE)
Authors: Blaine W. D. , Dixon S. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe juvenile hormone was necessary for the sex accessory glands in newly metamorphosed, adult males, to produce a normal amount of spermatophore material. Protein production could be restored to normal in allatectomized newly metamorphosed roaches by implanting adult or nymphal roach corpora allata. In decapitated roaches, the weight of the accessory gland is reduced drastically. The weight of the gland could be increased by implanting adult roach corpora allata, or by injecting juvenile hormone.