bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PVD coated rolling bearings under dry running conditions
Authors: Jacobs G. , Rombach V. , Plogmann M. , van Lier H. , Bobzin K. , Bagcivan N. , Theiß S. , Weiß R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBeim Betrieb eines Wälzlagers unter extremen Umgebungs‐ und Betriebsbedingungen wie z.B. im Vakuum, bei hohen Temperaturen oder in der Lebensmittelbranche ist die Verwendung von Schmierstoffen unerwünscht oder nicht möglich. Durch den ungeschmierten Betrieb ergeben sich hohe tribologische Beanspruchungen für die einzelnen Komponenten eines Wälzlagers. Um eine annehmbare Gebrauchsdauer unter diesen Bedingungen zu erreichen, sind alternative Werkstofflösungen erforderlich. Eine mögliche Lösung besteht in der Nutzung von PVD‐Beschichtungstechnologien. Die Eigenschaften PVD‐beschichteter Hybrid‐Wälzlager im Trockenlauf wurden durch Versuche mit unterschiedlichen Belastungskollektiven untersucht und analysiert. Anhand der Ergebnisse konnten das Potenzial der PVD‐Beschichtungen in Bezug auf eine Verschleiß‐ und Reibungsreduzierung im ungeschmierten Lager aufgezeigt und dominierende Schadensmechanismen herausgestellt werden.
Effect of heat treatment on the hardness of micro deep drawn cups of Al‐2Sc
Authors: von Bargen R. , Hu Z. , Zoch H.‐W. , Vollertsen F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractContinuous miniaturisation of products e. g. for the automotive or the microelectronic sector necessitates process chains, which allow the manufacturing of microscopically small components in high quantities. The development of required processes and technologies is the aim of the Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 747 “Micro Cold Forming” of the German Research Foundation. Besides micro cold forming another necessary step in the manufacturing process chain is the heat treatment process that enables the adjustment of materials properties being suitable for cold forming. Finally the application properties also have to be adjusted e. g. by precipitation hardening of aluminium alloys to increase the strength above the strain hardened level. Within the CRC an advanced Al‐Sc alloy with 2 mass‐% Scandium was developed to achieve particular properties. According to the very high Sc content dissolved a greater number of fine and homogeneously distributed precipitates causing a significant strengthening effect will be formed during artificial ageing. To meet the requirements of a high production rate the ageing of the micro deep drawn cups (1 mm in diameter) was performed in very short time in a drop‐down tube furnace. Before and after ageing the cups were characterised by ultra micro hardness measurements.
Prevention of Retained Surgical Items
Authors: Feldman David L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractReduction in retained surgical items is an important part of any operating room patient‐safety effort. Any item used in an operation can result in a retained surgical item, but sponges are the most frequent and the abdomen is the most common location. Retained sponges can cause significant morbidity, and the costs associated with both prevention and treatment of retained surgical items, including legal costs, can be considerable. This review will examine counting, teamwork, radiography, and new technology as methods used to prevent retained surgical items. Even though none of these techniques individually is likely to completely prevent retained surgical items, when used together the numbers can be reduced. Mt Sinai J Med 78:865–871, 2011. © 2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Nonlinear Tamm states in layered metal–dielectric metamaterials
Authors: Iorsh Ivan , Shadrivov Ilya V. , Belov Pavel A. , Kivshar Yuri S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe study nonlinear surface modes at the edge of metal–dielectric nanostructured metamaterial with a nonlinear surface layer. We demonstrate that such semi‐infinite structures can support transverse electric (TE) polarized surface states with subwavelength localization near the surface, an optical analogue of the Tamm states, even in the cases when the surface modes do not exist in the linear regime. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Self‐Assembly of Graphenelike ZnO Superstructured Nanosheets and Their Application in Hybrid Photoconductors
Authors: Yan Han , Yu Zai , Lu Kun , Zhang Yajie , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPhotoconductors require high charge‐carrier mobilities, sensitivity over a wide range of light levels, and good stability. Combining an organic semiconductor with environmentally benign inorganic nanoparticles is a rational means to develop photoconductors with such properties. However, an inhomogeneous distribution of nanoparticles in the active layer restricts both charge‐carrier mobility and charge collection at an electrode. In this paper, ultrathin ZnO superstructured nanosheets are successfully synthesized by a solvothermal method. Time‐dependent investigations show that the superstructured nanosheets assemble in solution during the growth process. Given that high‐quality ZnO nanosheets are obtained, a hybrid photoconductor device with P3HT is fabricated and investigated. Sensitivity above 200% under simulated sunlight is obtained with good air stability. This study demonstrates a general approach to design photoconductors using hybrid nanomaterials.
Bridging the Gap with an Ileocolonic Graft after Extensive Colorectal Resections
Authors: Dauser B. , Riss S. , Stopfer J. , Herbst F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundIleocecal interposition (ICI) for first‐line reconstruction after low anterior colorectal resection was introduced by von Flüe and Harder in 1994 (Dis Colon Rectum 37:1160–1162, 1994). We report our experience using this technique to bridge colonic gaps after significant loss of bowel length.Patients and methodsBetween 1999 and 2009 the left‐sided colon was too short for traditional isoperistaltic reconstruction in six patients treated in our hospital. Reasons for extensive bowel loss were a deficient (n = 3) or torn (n = 1) marginal artery with ischemia or repeat colorectal resections (n = 2). An ICI was done to bridge the gap and enable restoration of intestinal continuity.ResultsNo patient died. Whenever performing a coloanal anastomosis (4/6) a loop ileostomy was raised. One patient with colonic diversion experienced graft‐related complications: ischemic colitis of the interposed colonic segment, anastomotic stenosis, and a presacral sinus were observed and managed nonoperatively. Subsequent closure of the stoma was possible in all cases. A median Vaizey incontinence score of 9 (range: 4–14) was recorded in the patient with coloanal anastomosis. The average number of bowel movements per day was 1.5 (range: 0.5–6).ConclusionsWhen the descending colon does not reach the rectal stump or anal canal in reoperative cases or after vascular complication, ICI is a useful salvage procedure resulting in good bowel function.
Evolution of growth rates under the constraint of growth‐development trade‐off in a fish
Authors: Fujimoto Shingo , Kawajiri Maiko , Suzuki Yuya , Yamahira Kazunori 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntrinsic growth rates often vary greatly among populations within a single species, implying that trade‐offs with fast growth are present. It has been hypothesized that such a trade‐off exists between growth rate and development rate. Growth‐development trade‐offs have been considered from observations of a negative correlation between growth and development rates among populations. In this study, we examined not only interpopulation but also intrapopulation correlations in a fish Oryzias latipes. Rearing experiments revealed that larvae from a high‐latitude population grew faster but metamorphosed at larger sizes than larvae from a low‐latitude population. Moreover, within each population, individuals that grew faster tended to delay metamorphosis. The parallelism of the negative interpopulation and intrapopulation correlations between growth and development rates strongly support a growth‐development trade‐off. Observations of swimming behaviors revealed that high‐latitude, fast‐growing juveniles showed lower steady‐swimming and burst‐swimming speeds, probably reflecting that their underdeveloped skeletal and muscular structures translated into the poorer swimming performances. These results suggest that the higher growth capacity of high‐latitude O. latipes has evolved at the expense of fast development.
The General Environment Fit Scale: A Factor Analysis and Test of Convergent Construct Validity
Authors: Beasley Christopher R. , Jason Leonard A. , Miller Steven A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPerson‐environment fit (P‐E fit) was initially espoused as an important construct in the field of community psychology; however, most of the theoretical and empirical development of the construct has been conducted by the industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologists and business management fields. In the current study, the GEFS—a P‐E fit measure that was developed from organizational perspectives on fit—was administered to 246 attendees of an annual convention for residents and alumni of Oxford House, a network of over 1,400 mutual‐help addiction recovery homes. The authors conducted confirmatory factor and convergent construct validity analyses with the GEFS. The results suggested that the theoretical factor structure of the measure adequately fit the data and provided limited support for the measure's validity. Sufficient supply of resident needs by the Oxford House and similarity between residents and their housemates predicted satisfaction with the recovery home, but only perceived similarity to housemates predicted how long residents intended to stay in the Oxford Houses.
Calcium supplementation prevents obesity, hyperleptinaemia and hyperglycaemia in adult rats programmed by early weaning
Authors: Lopes Nobre Jessica , Lisboa Patricia Cristina , da Silva Lima Natália , Franco Juliana Gastão , Firmino Nogueira Neto José , de Moura Egberto Gaspar , de Oliveira Elaine 
Published: November 2011

It is known that Ca therapy may have anti-obesity effects. Since early weaning leads to obesity, hyperleptinaemia and insulin resistance, we studied the effect of dietary Ca supplementation in a rat model. Lactating rats were separated into two groups: early weaning (EW) – dams were wrapped with a bandage to interrupt lactation in the last 3 d of lactation and control (C) – dams whose pups had free access to milk during the entire lactation period (21 d). At 120 d, EW and C offspring were subdivided into four groups: (1) C, received standard diet; (2) CCa, received Ca supplementation (10 g of calcium carbonate/kg of rat chow); (3) EW, received standard diet; (4) EWCa, received Ca supplementation similar to CCa. The rats were killed at 180 d. The significance level was atP < 0·05. Adult EW offspring displayed hyperphagia (28 %), higher body weight (9 %) and adiposity (77 %), hyperleptinaemia (twofold increase), hypertriacylglycerolaemia (64 %), hyperglycaemia (16 %), higher insulin resistance index (38 %) and higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3(fourfold increase), but lower adiponectinaemia:adipose tissue ratio (44 %). In addition, they showed Janus tyrosine kinase 2 and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 underexpression in hypothalamus (36 and 34 %, respectively), suggesting leptin resistance. Supplementation of Ca for 2 months normalised these disorders. The EW group had no change in serum insulin, thyroxine or triiodothyronine, and Ca treatment did not alter these hormones. In conclusion, we reinforced that early weaning leads to late development of some components of the metabolic syndrome and leptin resistance. Dietary Ca supplementation seems to protect against the development of endocrine and metabolic disorders in EW offspring, maybe through vitamin D inhibition.
Curcumin-supplemented yoghurt improves physiological and biochemical markers of experimental diabetes
Authors: Gutierres Vânia O. , Pinheiro Clara M. , Assis Renata P. , Vendramini Regina C. , Pepato Maria T. , Brunetti Iguatemy L. 
Published: November 2011

We investigated the effects of prolonged treatment of diabetic rats with curcumin-supplemented yoghurt on the physiological and biochemical changes associated with diabetes mellitus. An established metabolic cage model was used to assess these changes in three groups of streptozotocin-diabetic rats which had been administered, by gavage, curcumin blended into yoghurt in the doses of 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg body weight (BW) per d (groups DC30, DC60, DC90) for 31 d. One group of non-diabetic rats was also treated with 90 mg/kg BW per d curcumin (NDC90). Three control groups of diabetic animals received water (DW), yoghurt (DY) and insulin at 27·78 μmol/d by subcutaneous injection (DI). Also, two groups of non-diabetic animals received water (NDW) and yoghurt (NDY). Groups DI and DC90 exhibited significant falls, relative to DW and DY, in food and water intake, urine volume, glycaemia, urinary urea and glucose, proteinuria, serum TAG and activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, and higher hepatic glycogen and BW. These improvements were greater in DI than in DC90. No difference was observed in the serum levels of total cholesterol or HDL-cholesterol, or in the masses of adipose and muscular tissues, between DC90 and DW or DY. Moreover, the improvements in curcumin-treated rats, relative to DW and DY, were significant and dose-dependent. The NDC90 group also showed no difference from the NDW or NDY groups, in any of the markers for diabetes. In conclusion, curcumin mixed into yoghurt at the highest dose tested exhibited anti-diabetic activity, improving significantly most of the markers assessed in this study.
Maternal intake of fatty acids during pregnancy and allergies in the offspring
Authors: Nwaru Bright I. , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Lumia Mirka , Kronberg-Kippilä Carina , Ahonen Suvi , Kaila Minna , Ilonen Jorma , Simell Olli , Knip Mikael , Veijola Riitta , Virtanen Suvi M. 
Published: November 2011

Fatty acids (FA) are known to have a number of immunological effects and, accordingly, may play a role in the development of allergic diseases. We investigated the effect of maternal intake of FA during pregnancy on the risk of allergic rhinitis, wheeze and atopic eczema in children aged 5 years. The present study analysed data from the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Nutrition Study, a population-based birth cohort study with a 5-year follow-up. Complete information on maternal diet (assessed by a validated FFQ) and International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood-based allergic outcomes was available for 2441 children. Cox proportional regression and logistic regression were used for the analyses. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, high maternal consumption of butter and butter spreads (hazard ratio (HR) 1·33; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·71) and higher ratio of n-6:n-3 FA (HR 1·37; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·77) during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of allergic rhinitis in the offspring by 5 years of age. High maternal intakes of total PUFA (HR 0·71; 95 % CI 0·52, 0·96) and α-linolenic FA (HR 0·73; 95 % CI 0·54, 0·98) were associated with a decreased risk of allergic rhinitis. However, these results lost their significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Overall, our data suggest that maternal consumption of butter, the ratio of n-6:n-3 FA and intake of PUFA and α-linolenic FA during pregnancy may be potential determinants of allergic rhinitis in the offspring.
THE CHRONOTOPE OF ISTANBUL IN ORHAN PAMUK'S MEMOIR ISTANBUL
Authors: Erol Sibel 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn his memoir Istanbul, Orhan Pamuk argues that Istanbul is the site of intense hüzün (melancholy) caused by the loss of the Ottoman Empire. Furthermore, like other inhabitants of the city, that is, Istanbullus, his life is imbued with this inescapable melancholy. Taking issue with the apparent anachronism of Pamuk's historical argument, I show how he constructs and naturalizes this association between Istanbul, melancholy, and loss of empire by creating a literary genealogy for his claim. Using the Bakhtinian concept of chronotope (a schema that recognizes and explains the patterns of fusion of time, space, and emotion as thematic constellation or narrative pattern), I argue that what Pamuk identifies in and derives from the writings of his predecessors is the chronotope of Istanbul. I show how Pamuk constructs the hybrid literary canon and tradition (that references Balzac and Joyce as much as it does Beyatlı and Tanpınar) in which he locates himself in the process of deriving this chronotope.
The effects of cultivar, season and site on variation in grain N concentration and N use efficiency of winter wheat in Northern Ireland
Authors: WHITE E. 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYA detailed study of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and its components in three cultivars of winter wheat, Hereward, Rialto and Riband was undertaken in cultivar trials conducted in Northern Ireland in 1998 and 1999. Yield, grain N concentration, harvest index (HI), nitrogen harvest index (NHI), N uptake efficiency (NUpE), total N uptake, grain N off-take, N utilization efficiency (NUtE) and NUE itself all showed significant variation between sites. Cvars Hereward and Rialto had similar mean values across all the sites for many of the characteristics, with Riband usually differing. In all but one characteristic, grain N concentration, the responses of the three cultivars varied significantly from trial to trial and this, along with the substantial variation between sites, indicates that genetic control of the characteristics is partial. The amount of N applied as fertilizer accounted for little of the variation among the trials with weak associations for NUpE, which decreased, and grain yield, which increased with increasing fertilizer N. Neither grain yield nor NUE was associated with the amount of N taken up by the crop, but grain N concentration increased and NUtE decreased significantly. HI and NHI differed significantly among the cultivars, diverging at higher N uptakes, with Hereward and Rialto being similar and distinctly different from Riband. Grain yield was only weakly associated with NUpE but was strongly and positively associated with NUtE and NUE. The strong negative association between NUtE and NUpE highlights the potential and the urgency of understanding factors influencing uptake of nitrogen by crops. The extent of the non-genetic, i.e. environmental and management, variation in the characteristics, along with the relative similarity of the cultivar means, throws up a challenge to plant breeders, agronomists and researchers wishing to improve NUE genetically and through management. As with yield and other characteristics, a large number of trials will be required to identify consistent differences in NUE among cultivars. Thus, while mechanisms underlying NUE, NUpE and NUtE need to be understood, the possibility of using the HGCA UK Recommended List database to investigate NUE and identify cultivars with improved NUE should also be considered. Since in each of the HGCA trials cultivars have access to the same available N, and since grain yield=available N×NUE, grain yield itself is a surrogate for the NUE of cultivars. Grain N concentration is only determined in a few cultivars at present but could be used as an indicator of optimal N availability in individual trials, allowing variation in NUE of cultivars in response to agro-ecological factors on NUE to be studied.
A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF HIGH-RISK SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: UCHUDI JOSEPH , MAGADI MONICA , MOSTAZIR MOHAMMOD 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA number of authors have identified multiple concurrent sexual partnerships by both men and women to lie at the root of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. This study applies multilevel models to Demographic and Health Survey data collected during 2003–2008 in 20 sub-Saharan African countries to examine the influence of social and cultural context on involvement with multiple sexual partnerships in the region, above and beyond the effects of individual characteristics. The findings provide support for the ecological argument that health behaviours are shaped and determined by societal conditions, in addition to the effects of individual and household characteristics. Involvement with multiple sex partners is most prevalent in societies in which sexual norms are widely permissive and where polygyny is common. Individual autonomy is substantial and attitudes towards sexuality are more liberal among men and women who live in communities in which sexual norms are widely permissive. Men and women who are most likely to have multiple sex partners in the sub-Saharan region are those who initiated sexual activity earlier and those who have the individual attributes (e.g. young age, urban residence, education, media exposure and working for cash and away from home) that bring to them more rights and/or decision-making autonomy, but not necessarily more financial resources and economic security (mostly among women). On the other hand, involvement with multiple partners is determined by cultural norms (i.e. permissive sexual norms) and social change (i.e. mass education, expansion of cash employment). The findings suggest a number of opportunities for more effective policy and programmatic responses to curb the prevalence of multiple partnerships in sub-Saharan Africa.
Dissociation and emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Barnow S. , Limberg A. , Stopsack M. , Spitzer C. , Grabe H. J. , Freyberger H. J. , Hamm A. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundAlthough some evidence suggests that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is primarily a disorder of the emotion regulation system, findings remain inconsistent. One potential explanation for this is the moderating role of dissociation.MethodIn this study, 33 female subjects with BPD and 26 healthy controls (HC; matched by education level and nicotine intake) were presented idiographic aversive, standard unpleasant and neutral scripts. Modulation of startle reflex and electrodermal responses (skin conductance level; SCL) were measured during imagery of emotional and neutral scripts. Additionally, self-reports of emotional experience (valence and arousal) and present-state dissociation were assessed.ResultsPatients with BPD showed elevated levels of dissociative experiences during testing. Present-state dissociation mediated group differences in SCL and startle response between the HC and BPD groups.ConclusionsThese results suggest that careful attention must be paid to the moderating effect of dissociative symptoms on the psychophysiological responses of BPD patients. Furthermore, the findings have important implications for the assessment and treatment of BPD, including the need to carefully assess BPD patients for dissociative symptoms and to incorporate the treatment of dissociation.