bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychoeducation for bipolar disorder
Authors: Smith Daniel , Jones Ian , Simpson Sharon 
Published: March 2010

SummaryBipolar disorder is a complex disorder of mood and behaviour that requires a multimodal treatment approach. In the past 10 years there has been growing interest in psychoeducational interventions delivered as adjuncts to conventional management. Several studies have tested the effectiveness of psychoeducational treatments delivered in a variety of formats. In this article we assess the evidence for the efficacy of these interventions and consider the likely future role of structured psychoeducational treatments in clinical practice.
Epileptic, organic and genetic vulnerabilities for timing of the
development of interictal psychosis
Authors: Adachi Naoto , Akanuma Nozomi , Ito Masumi , Kato Masaaki , Hara Tsunekatsu , Oana Yasunori , Matsuura Masato , Okubo Yoshiro , Onuma Teiichi 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundAge at the first psychotic episode and an interval between the onset of
epilepsy and that of psychosis reflect developmental processes of
interictal psychosis. However, factors relating to these indices remain
unknown.AimsTo identify clinical variables that are associated with the timing of the
development of interictal psychosis.MethodIn 285 adults with epilepsy with interictal psychosis, effects of
epileptic (epilepsy type), organic (intellectual functioning) and genetic
(family history of psychosis) variables on timing of the development of
psychosis were examined.ResultsThe mean interval between the onset of epilepsy and that of psychosis was
14.4 years. Some psychosis occurred within a few years of the first
seizure. Generalised epilepsy, normal intellectual function and a
positive family history of psychosis were associated with early onset of
psychosis.ConclusionsEarly development of interictal psychosis in people with epilepsy may
reflect other individual vulnerabilities to psychosis rather than
epilepsy-related damage.
Restricting the means of suicide by charcoal
burning
Authors: Yip Paul S. F. , Law C. K. , Fu King-Wa , Law Y. W. , Wong Paul W. C. , Xu Ying 
Published: March 2010

SummaryWe conducted an exploratory controlled trial to examine the efficacy of
restricting access to charcoal in preventing suicides from carbon monoxide
poisoning by charcoal burning in Hong Kong. All charcoal packs were removed
from the open shelves of major retail outlets in the intervention region for
12 months; in the control region, charcoal packs were displayed as usual.
The suicide rate from charcoal burning was reduced by a statistically
significant margin in the intervention region (P<0.05)
but not in the control region. We observed no significant change in the
suicide rate using other methods in either location.
Efficacy of cognitive–behavioural therapy and other psychological treatments for adult depression: meta-analytic study of publication bias
Authors: Cuijpers Pim , Smit Filip , Bohlmeijer Ernst , Hollon Steven D. , Andersson Gerhard 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundIt is not clear whether the effects of cognitive–behavioural therapy and other psychotherapies have been overestimated because of publication bias.AimsTo examine indicators of publication bias in randomised controlled trials of psychotherapy for adult depression.MethodWe examined effect sizes of 117 trials with 175 comparisons between psychotherapy and control conditions. As indicators of publication bias we examined funnel plots, calculated adjusted effect sizes after publication had been taken into account using Duval & Tweedie's procedure, and tested the symmetry of the funnel plots using the Begg & Mazumdar rank correlation test and Egger's test.ResultsThe mean effect size was 0.67, which was reduced after adjustment for publication bias to 0.42 (51 imputed studies). Both Begg & Mazumbar's test and Egger's test were highly significant (P<0.001).ConclusionsThe effects of psychotherapy for adult depression seem to be overestimated considerably because of publication bias.
Bifrontal, bitemporal and right unilateral electrode placement in ECT: randomised trial
Authors: Kellner Charles H. , Knapp Rebecca , Husain Mustafa M. , Rasmussen Keith , Sampson Shirlene , Cullum Munro , McClintock Shawn M. , Tobias Kristen G. , Martino Celena , Mueller Martina , Bailine Samuel H. , Fink Max , Petrides Georgios 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for major depression. Optimising efficacy and minimising cognitive impairment are goals of ongoing technical refinements.AimsTo compare the efficacy and cognitive effects of a novel electrode placement, bifrontal, with two standard electrode placements, bitemporal and right unilateral in ECT.MethodThis multicentre randomised, double-blind, controlled trial (NCT00069407) was carried out from 2001 to 2006. A total of 230 individuals with major depression, bipolar and unipolar, were randomly assigned to one of three electrode placements during a course of ECT: bifrontal at one and a half times seizure threshold, bitemporal at one and a half times seizure threshold and right unilateral at six times seizure threshold.ResultsAll three electrode placements resulted in both clinically and statistically significant antidepressant outcomes. Remission rates were 55% (95% CI 43–66%) with right unilateral, 61% with bifrontal (95% CI 50–71%) and 64% (95% CI 53–75%) with bitemporal. Bitemporal resulted in a more rapid decline in symptom ratings over the early course of treatment. Cognitive data revealed few differences between the electrode placements on a variety of neuropsychological instruments.ConclusionsEach electrode placement is a very effective antidepressant treatment when given with appropriate electrical dosing. Bitemporal leads to more rapid symptom reduction and should be considered the preferred placement for urgent clinical situations. The cognitive profile of bifrontal is not substantially different from that of bitemporal.
Rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: cross-national community
study
Authors: Lee Sing , Tsang Adley , Kessler Ronald C. , Jin Robert , Sampson Nancy , Andrade Laura , Karam Elie G. , Mora Maria Elena Medina , Merikangas Kathleen , Nakane Yoshibumi , Popovici Daniela Georgeta , Posada-Villa Jose , Sagar Rajesh , Wells J. Elisabeth , Zarkov Zahari , Petukhova Maria 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundThe epidemiology of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder in the community is
largely unknown.AimsTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of rapid-cycling and
non-rapid-cycling bipolar disorder in a large cross-national community
sample.MethodThe Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI version 3.0) was
used to examine the prevalence, severity, comorbidity, impairment,
suicidality, sociodemographics, childhood adversity and treatment of
rapid-cycling and non-rapid-cycling bipolar disorder in ten countries
(n = 54 257).ResultsThe 12-month prevalence of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder was 0.3%.
Roughly a third and two-fifths of participants with lifetime and 12-month
bipolar disorder respectively met criteria for rapid cycling. Compared
with the non-rapid-cycling, rapid-cycling bipolar disorder was associated
with younger age at onset, higher persistence, more severe depressive
symptoms, greater impairment from depressive symptoms, more out-of-role
days from mania/hypomania, more anxiety disorders and an increased
likelihood of using health services. Associations regarding childhood,
family and other sociodemographic correlates were less clear cut.ConclusionsThe community epidemiological profile of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder
confirms most but not all current clinically based knowledge about the
illness.
Repeat self-harm: application of hurdle models
Authors: Bethell Jennifer , Rhodes Anne E. , Bondy Susan J. , Lou W. Y. Wendy , Guttmann Astrid 
Published: March 2010

SummaryAmong those who present to the emergency department for self-harm, many will
repeat. Self-harm repetition is an outcome of interest in both observational
and intervention studies. However, few such studies analyse the number of
repeat self-harm presentations. Here, hurdle models are introduced as a
potentially useful statistical method for these analyses. Emergency
department data from the Province of Ontario, Canada, are used to illustrate
an example of implementing hurdle models and interpreting their results.
Improving physical health monitoring for out-patients on antipsychotic medication
Authors: Gonzalez Carlos , Ahammed Niyaz , Fisher Robert 
Published: March 2010

Aims and methodMental illness is associated with increased physical morbidity. We aimed to assess and improve the routine blood testing of prescribed antipsychotics in out-patients from a busy London inner city area. Audit findings were presented locally to prescribers, together with educational suggestions to improve physical health assessment.ResultsInitially, the numbers monitored were low in the overall number of 126 patients included in the first audit. Following the intervention, this improved significantly in the second audit (of 106 patients).Clinical implicationsA simple one-page monitoring prompt and an educational intervention could significantly increase the adherence to routine blood-testing guidelines. Better physical screening may help reduce physical morbidity and mortality, and improve the quality of life of individuals with mental illness.
Use of psychotropic medication among psychiatric out-patients with personality disorder
Authors: Baker-Glenn Elena , Steels Mark , Evans Chris 
Published: March 2010

Aims and methodThis survey was conducted to ascertain the use of psychotropic medication in the treatment of patients with a primary diagnosis of personality disorder within a community mental health team. A sample of 113 patients were identified, their notes were reviewed, and details of current medications and diagnoses recorded.ResultsFour-fifths of patients were prescribed at least one psychotropic medication. The most commonly prescribed medication class was antidepressant, comprising almost half of prescriptions. The total annual cost across 107 patients was £37 000.Clinical implicationsMedication is commonly prescribed to people with personality disorder but more needs to be known about why prescriptions are started and stopped, what the benefits are, and how these are judged by patients and care teams.
A modernised psychotherapy curriculum for a modernised profession
Authors: Denman Chess 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThis paper outlines recent revisions to the psychotherapy elements of the core psychiatric training curriculum of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. The reasons why psychotherapy training is important as part of psychiatry training are developed and objections to the inclusion of this element are countered. The paper sets out the reasoning that led to the revisions in the training required and discusses the obstacles to the implementation of good-quality training in this area and suggests ways in which they can be overcome.
The Debt and Mental Health Evidence Form
Authors: Fitch Chris , Chaplin Robert , Tulloch Simon 
Published: March 2010

Aims and methodTo develop a standardised clinical information form which helps health professionals provide clear and relevant information about individuals who believe mental disorders affect their ability to repay debt and have consented to creditor organisations or money advisors approaching professionals for evidence. The six-question form was evaluated by three stakeholder groups.ResultsOverall, 35 responses were received from creditors/money advisors, 28 from mental health professionals and 29 from service users/carers. All questions scored acceptable levels of clarity and three questions scored acceptable relevance levels. Qualitative data were used to revise questions on the basis of concerns expressed by stakeholders about sharing diagnostic data, providing prognoses, and the risk of creditor misunderstanding.Clinical implicationsThe form is likely to be an acceptable standardised means by which health professionals can elicit information on debt from individuals with mental health problems, for use by creditor organisations or money advisors. The results of a pilot study are awaited.
Synthesis of Ag@Cu Core–Shell Nanoparticles in High Yield Using a Polyol Method
Authors: Tsuji Masaharu , Hikino Sachie , Tanabe Ryuichi , Yamaguchi Daiki 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Ag core–Cu shell nanoparticles, denoted as Ag@Cu, were synthesized in high yield (100%) using a one-pot polyol method under bubbling Ar gas. AgNO3 and Cu(OAc)2·H2O were used as reagents. The formation of Ag@Cu particles and their crystal structures were examined using energy dispersed X-ray spectroscopic (EDS) measurements and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns. The growth mechanism of Ag@Cu is discussed.
ESR Study of Disulfide Neutral Radical of α-Keratin Present in Dried White Human Hair Exposed to Near-UV Radiation
Authors: Yanagi Naoki , Niwa Masanao , Sakurai Yasuhiro , Nakajima Akira , Kanaori Kenji , Tajima Kunihiko 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
ESR spectrum attributed to a α-keratin-derived disulfide neutral radical, which is formulated to be RSSHR• (g1 = 2.060, g2 = 2.026, g3 = 2.000, and A2 = 0.8 mT), is observed for completely dried white human hair exposed to near-UV radiation. It is also observed that the residual water present in the matrix of human hair markedly accelerates the decomposition of disulfide radicals.
C5 palsy after cervical laminoplasty
Authors: Imagama S. , Matsuyama Y. , Yukawa Y. , Kawakami N. , Kamiya M. , Kanemura T. , Ishiguro N. 
Published: March 2010

We have reviewed 1858 patients who had undergone a cervical laminoplasty and identified 43 (2.3%) who had developed a C5 palsy with a MMT (MRC) grade of 0 to 2 in the deltoid, with or without involvement of the biceps, but with no loss of muscular strength in any other muscles. The clinical features and radiological findings of patients with (group P; 43 patients) and without (group C; 100 patients) C5 palsy were compared. CT scanning of group P revealed a significant narrowing of the intervertebral foramen of C5 (p < 0.005) and a larger superior articular process (p < 0.05). On MRI, the posterior shift of the spinal cord at C4–5 was significantly greater in group P, than in group C (p < 0.01). This study is the first to correlate impairment of the C5 nerve root with a C5 palsy. It may be that early foraminotomy in susceptible individuals and the avoidance of tethering of the cord by excessive laminoplasty may prevent a post-operative palsy of the C5 nerve root.
Surgical dislocation of the hip for a locked traumatic posterior dislocation with associated femoral neck and acetabular fractures
Authors: Keel M. J. B. , Bastian J. D. , Büchler L. , Siebenrock K. A. 
Published: March 2010

Traumatic posterior dislocation of the hip associated with a fracture of the posterior acetabular wall and of the neck of the femur is a rare injury. A 29-year-old man presented at a level 1 trauma centre with a locked posterior dislocation of the right hip, with fractures of the femoral neck and the posterior wall of the acetabulum after a bicycle accident. An attempted closed reduction had failed. This case report describes in detail the surgical management and the clinical and radiological outcome. Open reduction and fixation with preservation of the intact retinaculum was undertaken within five hours of injury with surgical dislocation of the hip and a trochanteric osteotomy. Two years after operation the function of the injured hip was good. Plain radiographs and MR scans showed early signs of osteoarthritis with some loss of joint space but no evidence of avascular necrosis. The patient had begun skiing and hiking again. The combination of fractures of the neck of the femur and of the posterior wall of the acetabulum hampers closed reduction of a posterior dislocation of the hip. Surgical dislocation of the hip with trochanteric flip osteotomy allows controlled open reduction of the fractures, with inspection of the hip joint and preservation of the vascular supply.
Long-term follow-up of replacement compared with internal fixation for displaced femoral neck fractures
Authors: Leonardsson O. , Sernbo I. , Carlsson å. , åkesson K. , Rogmark C. 
Published: March 2010

In a series of 450 patients over 70 years of age with displaced fractures of the femoral neck sustained between 1995 and 1997 treatment was randomised either to internal fixation or replacement. Depending on age and level of activity the latter was either a total hip replacement or a hemiarthroplasty. Patients who were confused or bed-ridden were excluded, as were those with rheumatoid arthritis. At ten years there were 99 failures (45.6%) after internal fixation compared with 17 (8.8%) after replacement. The rate of mortality was high at 75% at ten years, and was the same in both groups at all times. Patient-reported pain and function were similar in both groups at five and ten years. Those with successfully healed fractures had more hip pain and reduction of mobility at four months compared with patients with an uncomplicated replacement, and they never attained a better outcome than the latter patients regarding pain or function. Primary replacement gave reliable long-term results in patients with a displaced fracture of the femoral neck.
Proximal femoral allograft-prosthesis composites in revision hip replacement
Authors: Babis G. C. , Sakellariou V. I. , O’Connor M. I. , Hanssen A. D. , Sim F. H. 
Published: March 2010

We report the use of an allograft prosthetic composite for reconstruction of the skeletal defect in complex revision total hip replacement for severe proximal femoral bone loss. Between 1986 and 1999, 72 patients (20 men, 52 women) with a mean age of 59.9 years (38 to 78) underwent reconstruction using this technique. At a mean follow-up of 12 years (8 to 20) 57 patients were alive, 14 had died and one was lost to follow-up. Further revision was performed in 19 hips at a mean of 44.5 months (11 to 153) post-operatively. Causes of failure were aseptic loosening in four, allograft resorption in three, allograft nonunion in two, allograft fracture in four, fracture of the stem in one, and deep infection in five. The survivorship of the allograft-prosthesis composite at ten years was 69.0% (95% confidence interval 67.7 to 70.3) with 26 patients remaining at risk. Survivorship was statistically significantly affected by the severity of the pre-operative bone loss (Paprosky type IV; p = 0.019), the number of previous hip revisions exceeding two (p = 0.047), and the length of the allograft used (p = 0.005).
Combination joint-preserving surgery for forefoot deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Niki H. , Hirano T. , Okada H. , Beppu M. 
Published: March 2010

Proximal osteotomies for forefoot deformity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis have hitherto not been described. We evaluated combination joint-preserving surgery involving three different proximal osteotomies for such deformities. A total of 30 patients (39 feet) with a mean age of 55.6 years (45 to 67) underwent combined first tarsometatarsal fusion and distal realignment, shortening oblique osteotomies of the bases of the second to fourth metatarsals and a fifth-ray osteotomy. The mean follow-up was 36 months (24 to 68). The mean foot function index scores for pain, disability and activity subscales were 18, 23, and 16 respectively. The mean Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot score improved significantly from 52.2 (41 to 68) to 89.6 (78 to 97). Post-operatively, 14 patients had forefoot stiffness, but had no disability. Most patients reported highly satisfactory walking ability. Residual deformity and callosities were absent. The mean hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles decreased from 47.0° (20° to 67°) to 9.0° (2° to 23°) and from 14.1° (9° to 20°) to 4.6° (1° to 10°), respectively. Four patients had further surgery including removal of hardware in three and a fifth-ray osteotomy in one. With good peri-operative medical management of rheumatoid arthritis, surgical repositioning of the metatarsophalangeal joint by metatarsal shortening and consequent relaxing of surrounding soft tissues can be successful. In early to intermediate stages of the disease, it can be performed in preference to joint-sacrificing procedures.
Analysis of wear of retrieved metal-on-metal hip resurfacing implants revised due to pseudotumours
Authors: Kwon Y. -M. , Glyn-Jones S. , Simpson D. J. , Kamali A. , McLardy-Smith P. , Gill H. S. , Murray D. W. 
Published: March 2010

The presence of pseudotumours, which are soft-tissue masses relating to the hip, after metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty has been associated with elevated levels of metal ions in serum, suggesting that pseudotumours occur when there is increased wear. We aimed to quantify the wear in vivo of implants revised for pseudotumours (eight) and of a control group of implants (22) revised for other reasons of failure. We found that the implant group with pseudotumours had a significantly higher rate of median linear wear of the femoral component at 8.1 μm/year (2.75 to 25.4) than the 1.79 μm/year (0.82 to 4.15; p = 0.002) of the non-pseudotumour group. For the acetabular component a significantly higher rate of median linear wear of 7.36 μm/year (1.61 to 24.9) was observed in the pseudotumour group compared with 1.28 μm/year (0.81 to 3.33, p = 0.001) in the other group. Wear of the acetabular component in the pseudotumour group always involved the edge of the implant, indicating that edge-loading had occurred. Our findings are the first direct evidence that pseudotumour is associated with increased wear at the metal-on-metal articulation. Furthermore, edge-loading with the loss of fluid-film lubrication may be an important mechanism of generation of wear in patients with a pseudotumour.
Reference intervals for brain natriuretic peptide in healthy newborns and infants measured with an automated immunoassay platform
Authors: Cantinotti Massimiliano , Storti Simona , Parri Maria Serena , Prontera Concetta , Murzi Bruno , Clerico Aldo 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background: In order to assess the reference intervals for B-type natriuretic hormone (BNP) in the first days of life, we measured peptide concentrations using the fully automated Access platform.

Methods: Plasma BNP was measured in 188 apparently healthy newborns and infants throughout the first month of extra-uterine life, as well as in 245 healthy infants ranging from 1 month to 12 years of age.

Results: BNP showed the highest concentrations in the first 2 days of life, with a progressive decline afterwards. Moreover, BNP values in the first week of life were significantly higher (p<0.0001) than values observed in the next periods. As a result, a significant negative correlation was found between BNP and age values when considering all 433 samples (ρ=–0.816, p<0.0001 by the Spearman rank correlation test). There was no significant difference between BNP values found in males and females.

Conclusions: According to this data, our study indicates that at least two reference intervals should be used for newborns and infants. The first, with higher BNP values for neonates in the first week of extra-uterine life, and the other, with lower BNP values for infants aged 2 weeks to 12 years.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:697–700.