bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Gray Mold of Strawberry Caused by Botrytis caroliniana in North Carolina
Authors: Fernández-Ortuño D. , Li X. P. , Wang F. , Schnabel G. 
Published: May 2012

Gray mold caused by Botrytis spp. is one of the most economically important diseases of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) worldwide. In June 2011, strawberry fruit that was symptomatic of gray mold disease was collected from High Point county in North Carolina. Fruit had brown lesions that enlarged quickly and were covered with green-gray masses of spores followed by a soft rot. To isolate the causal agent, conidia were scraped off the fruit, suspended in 1% Tween 20, spread on water agar amended with 0.1% lactic acid, and emerging colonies were then transferred onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. All but one single-spore colony (designated HP33) were at first colorless and later became gray to brown when the conidiphores and conidia developed on PDA. Isolate HP33 was white to pale gray with short, tufted aerial mycelium, black sclerotia in concentric rings, and did not produce conidia on PDA. Conidia were subhyaline to light brown, smooth, ellipsoid, ovoid or obovoid, and were on average 11.7 × 8.6 μm. The conidiophores were erect, septate, and brown to subhyaline from the base to apex, with swollen basal cell and multiple inflated conidiogenous cells. These morphological features were consistent with Botrytis caroliniana X. P. Li & G. Schnabel sp. nov., a new species isolated recently from blackberry fruit in South Carolina (2). All other single-spore isolates were confirmed to be B. cinerea as described previously (1). To confirm the identity of isolate HP33 to the species level, the necrosis and ethylene-inducing protein 1 (NEP1) was PCR amplified and sequenced by primer pairs NEP1for/NEP1rev as described previously (3). The nucleotide sequence matched the ones published for B. caroliniana (GenBank Accession Nos. JF811593, JF811594, and JF811595). Pathogenicity tests were conducted by inoculating 10 surface-sterilized strawberry fruit with single agar plugs (6 mm in diameter) containing actively growing mycelium; 10 control fruit received agar plugs without mycelium. The inoculated fruit were incubated for 3 days at room temperature in airtight plastic bags and after that developed typical gray mold symptoms. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by the reisolation of B. caroliniana from symptomatic fruit. Control fruit remained healthy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. caroliniana on strawberry. It is uncertain whether the new species requires management strategies different from those that control gray mold caused by B. cinerea. References: (1) D. Fernández-Ortuño et al. Plant Dis. 95:1482, 2011. (2) X. P. Li et al. Mycologia 2012, doi:10.3852/11-218. (3) M. Staats et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 44:52, 2007.
Prevalence and incidence of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident in ageing persons with intellectual disability
Authors: Jansen J. , Rozeboom W. , Penning C. , Evenhuis H. M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground  Epidemiological information on age‐related cardiovascular disease in people with intellectual disability (ID) is scarce and inconclusive. We compared prevalence and incidence of cerebrovascular accident and myocardial infarction over age 50 in a residential population with ID to that in a general practice population.Method  A retrospective descriptive study was conducted, based on medical records of 510 persons with ID and 823 general practice patients, aged 50 years and over.Results  Lifetime prevalences after age 50 were similar in both populations: 5.7% (95% CI 4.0–8.1%) in persons with ID and 4.4% (95% CI 3.1–6.0%) in the general population (Pearson chi‐square 1.17, P = 0.279). Incidence per gender was similar between cohorts (men P = 0.86, women P = 0.36). There was no difference in incidence rates between the ID and control groups [relative risk = 1.5 (95% CI 0.9–2.4)].Conclusion  Prevalence and incidence of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident in ageing persons with ID do not appear different from those in the general population. It has to be taken into account that underdiagnosis and selection bias towards a more disabled group may have lead to underestimation of age‐related cardiovascular morbidity, and the higher age and underrepresentation of Down syndrome to overestimation.
RNA degradation in Bacillus subtilis: an interplay of essential endo‐ and exoribonucleases
Authors: Lehnik‐Habrink Martin , Lewis Richard J. , Mäder Ulrike , Stülke Jörg 
Published: May 2012

SummaryRNA processing and degradation are key processes in the control of transcript accumulation and thus in the control of gene expression. In Escherichia coli, the underlying mechanisms and components of RNA decay are well characterized. By contrast, Gram‐positive bacteria do not possess several important players of E. coli RNA degradation, most notably the essential enzyme RNase E. Recent research on the model Gram‐positive organism, Bacillus subtilis, has identified the essential RNases J1 and Y as crucial enzymes in RNA degradation. While RNase J1 is the first bacterial exoribonuclease with 5′‐to‐3′ processivity, RNase Y is the founding member of a novel class of endoribonucleases. Both RNase J1 and RNase Y have a broad impact on the stability of B. subtilis mRNAs; a depletion of either enzyme affects more than 25% of all mRNAs. RNases J1 and Y as well as RNase J2, the polynucleotide phosphorylase PNPase, the RNA helicase CshA and the glycolytic enzymes enolase and phosphofructokinase have been proposed to form a complex, the RNA degradosome of B. subtilis. This review presents a model, based on recent published data, of RNA degradation in B. subtilis. Degradation is initiated by RNase Y‐dependent endonucleolytic cleavage, followed by processive exoribonucleolysis of the generated fragments both in 3′‐to‐5′ and in 5′‐to‐3′ directions. The implications of these findings for pathogenic Gram‐positive bacteria are also discussed.
Operative start times and complications after kidney transplantation
Authors: Shaw Tavis M. , Lonze Bonnie E. , Feyssa Eyob L. , Segev Dorry L. , May Noah , Parsikia Afshin , Campos Stalin , Khanmoradi Kamran , Zaki Radi F. , Ortiz Jorge A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe worldwide focus on work hour regulations and patient safety has led to the re‐examination of the merits of night‐time surgery, including kidney transplantation. The risks of operating during nontraditional work hours with potentially fatigued surgeons and staff must be weighed against the negative effects of prolonged cold ischemic time with resultant graft compromise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of performing renal transplantation procedures during evening versus day time hours. The main outcome measures assessed between the day and night cohorts included comparisons of the postoperative complication rates and survival outcomes for both the renal allograft and the patient. A retrospective review of 633 deceased donor renal transplants performed at a single institution was analyzed. Three statistically significant results were noted, namely, a decrease in vascular complications in the nighttime cohort, an increase in urologic complications on subgroup analysis in the 3 AM to 6 AM cohort, and the 12 AM to 3 AM subgroup had the greatest odds of any complication. There was no statistical difference in either patient or graft survival over a twelve month period following transplantation. We conclude that although the complication rate varied among cohorts this was clinically insignificant and there was no overall clinically relevant impact on patient or graft survival.
Molecular phylogeny ofGanoderma lucidumisolates collected from northernIndia
Authors: Mohanty P. S. , Harsh N. S. K. , Pandey A. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryGanoderma lucidumhas been found to be a pathogen on a wide range of tree species in India. Because of large variations found in both macro‐ and microscopic characters, traditional identification and characterization methods are unreliable for this genus. We analysed nrDNAinternal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of 52 isolates in theG. lucidumcomplex by the parsimony method, finding 17 lineages. The maximum parsimony analysis showed that the isolates ofG. lucidumfrom the same host species had high similarity inITSsequences, compared to isolates from other tree species. The result was also supported by high values of population differentiation parameters such asNSTandFSTvalues. Genetic analysis suggests the occurrence of host‐mediated genetic differentiation inG. lucidumisolates, which requires further investigation.
Isolation of mitochondrial and plastid ftsZ genes and analysis of the organelle targeting sequence in the diatom Chaetoceros neogracile (Diatoms, Bacillariophyceae)
Authors: Nishikawa Toshikazu , Moriyama Yohsuke , Sato Mayuko , Sano Toshio , Hasezawa Seiichiro , Ota Shuhei , Kawano Shigeyuki 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYMitochondria and plastids multiply by division in eukaryotic cells. Recently, the eukaryotic homolog of the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ was identified and shown to play an important role in the organelle division process inside the inner membrane. To explore the evolution of FtsZ proteins, and to accumulate data on the protein import system in mitochondria and plastids of the red algal lineage, one mitochondrial and three plastid ftsZ genes were isolated from the diatom Chaetoceros neogracile, whose plastids were acquired by secondary endosymbiotic uptake of a red alga. Protein import into organelles depends on the N‐terminal organelle targeting sequences. N‐terminal bipartite presequences consisting of an endoplasmic reticulum signal peptide and a plastid transit peptide are required for protein import into diatom plastids. To characterize the organelle targeting peptides of C. neogracile, we observed the localization of each green fluorescent protein‐tagged predicted organelle targeting peptide in cultured tobacco cells and diatom cells. Our data suggested that each targeting sequences functioned both in tobacco cultured cells and diatom cells.
Subfertility in women with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Zayed Abdelhady , Nabil Hanan , State Omnia , Badawy Ahmed 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to examine the causes and different modalities used for management of subfertile patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF).Material and Methods:  The study comprised of 74 infertile women with FMF. All patients were diagnosed as having FMF. All patients underwent a full infertility work‐up. They were scheduled to expectant treatment, ovulation induction and timed intercourse, intrauterine insemination or intracytoplasmic sperm injection.Results:  Anovulation was reported in 18 patients (24.32%). Anovulation was due to polycystic ovary syndrome in 12 (16.22%) cases and due to other causes in six patients (8.11%). Excessive clear peritoneal fluid was present in 56 (57.67%) and male‐factor infertility was present in 14 couples (18.91%). Ovulation induction and timed intercourse was adopted for a maximum of six cycles and intrauterine insemination for three cycles. In vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection was needed in six cases using standard long agonist protocol. Twenty‐six women became pregnant.Conclusion:  The causes of infertility in patients with FMF are not different from those expected in the general population. Treatment of the problem should be causal, adopting the conventional lines of treatment up to in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection when appropriate. Colchicine is the treatment of choice and it is important to use it in its proper doses to control the disease.
Establishing reference values for mean notch depth index, pulsatility index and resistance index in the uterine artery at 16–23 weeks' gestation
Authors: Takahashi Kayo , Ohkuchi Akihide , Hirashima Chikako , Matsubara Shigeki , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  Our aim was to determine the reference values of indices of impedance to flow in uterine arteries at 16–23 weeks, and to evaluate the effects of these indices for predicting early‐onset pre‐eclampsia (EO‐PE), which was defined as PE with onset at <32 weeks.Methods:  During 2004 to 2008, 1536 women with a singleton pregnancy were recruited into a prospective cohort study at 16–23 weeks. The mean notch depth index (mNDI), mean pulsatility index (mPI) and mean resistance index (mRI) were calculated.Results:  Early‐onset pre‐eclampsia occurred in 16 (1.0%). The 80th, 90th, 95th and 97.5th percentiles of the mNDI at 16–23 weeks were determined. Normal reference ranges of the mPI and mRI were constructed, and individual standard deviation scores (SDS) of the mPI and mRI were calculated. The area under the receiver‐operating characteristics curves (AROC) of the mNDI, mPI, mRI and bilateral notching (BN) for predicting EO‐PE were 0.807, 0.809, 0.782 and 0.798, respectively. For predicting EO‐PE, a mNDI of the 90th percentile, mPI‐SDS of 1.383, mRI‐SDS of 0.975 and BN yielded sensitivities (specificities) of 0.688 (0.886), 0.750 (0.889), 0.813 (0.809) and 0.750 (0.845) with positive likelihood ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 6.0 (4.2–8.6), 6.8 (4.9–9.3), 4.3 (3.3–5.5) and 4.9 (3.6–6.6), respectively.Conclusions:  We established the reference values for mNDI, mRI and mPI at 16–23 weeks. The positive likelihood ratios of mNDI and mPI for predicting EO‐PE showed moderate screening performances, indicating mNDI or mPI in the second trimester could assist to find high risk women with the subsequent onset of EO‐PE.
Felling date affects the occurrence of Pityogenes chalcographus on Scots pine logging residues
Authors: Foit Jiří 
Published: May 2012

Logging residues form a substantial portion of the dead wood in managed forests, and logging residues can facilitate bark beetle multiplication and outbreaks. For these reasons, it is highly advisable to find a way of reducing the risk of bark beetle outbreaks without extensive removal of logging residues, which is inconsistent with nature conservation.
The coverage of Pityogenes chalcographus (L.) galleries and the presence of other bark beetle species on 3520 fragments of logging residues of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) that originated over different months from 2004 to 2008 were examined in 135 stands in four study areas of the Czech Republic.
Pityogenes chalcographus was the most abundant species.
The month of felling had a significant effect on the coverage of P. chalcographus galleries on logging residues.
Concentrating felling in August and September (and possibly October) can minimize the risk of P. chalcographus multiplication and outbreaks.
The role of American Society of Anesthesiologists scores in predicting urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract outcome after radical nephroureterectomy: results from a national multi‐institutional collaborative study
Authors: Berod Alexis Arvin , Colin Pierre , Yates David R. , Ouzzane Adil , Audouin Marie , Adam Emilie , Arroua Frédéric , Marchand Charles , Bigot Pierre , Soulié Michel , Roumiguié Mathieu , Polguer Thomas , Gardic Solène , Grès Pascal , Ravier Emmanuel , Neuzillet Yann , Delage Francky , Bodin Thomas , Pignot Géraldine , Rouprêt Morgan ,   on behalf of the French national database of UUT UC
Published: May 2012

Study Type – Prognosis (cohort)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT‐UC) is a rare disease, usually treated by nephroureterectomy, occurring in a population with a median age of 70 years and with frequent tobacco use and other comorbidities. We know that the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score has prognostic value in urological oncology but this has not been assessed in UUT‐UC.Using a multi‐institutional French database, we have shown that the 5‐year cancer‐specific survival differed significantly between ASA 1, ASA 2 and ASA 3 patients (83.8%, 76.9% and 70.6%, respectively; P= 0.01). ASA status had a significant impact on cancer‐specific survival in univariate and multivariate analyses, with a threefold higher risk of mortality at 5 years for ASA 3 compared with ASA 1 patients (P= 0.04).OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the impact of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores on the survival of patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT‐UC).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A retrospective multi‐institutional cohort study of the French collaborative national database of UUT‐UC treated by RNU in 20 centres from 1995 to 2010.
The influence of age, gender and ASA score on survival was assessed using a univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis with pathological features used as covariables.
RESULTS
Overall, 554 patients were included. The median follow‐up was 26 months (10–48 months), and the median age was 69.5 years (61–76 years). In total, 114 (20.6%) patients were classified as ASA 1, 326 (58.8%) as ASA 2 and 114 (20.6%) as ASA 3.
The 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (P= 0.21) and metastasis‐free survival (P= 0.22) were not significantly different between ASA 1 (52.8% and 76%), ASA 2 (51.9% and 75.3%) and ASA 3 patients (44.1% and 68.2%, respectively).
The 5‐year cancer‐specific survival differed significantly between ASA 1, ASA 2 and ASA 3 patients (83.8%, 76.9% and 70.6%, respectively; P= 0.01).
ASA status had a significant impact on cancer‐specific survival in univariate and multivariate analyses, with a threefold higher risk of mortality at 5 years for ASA 3 compared with ASA 1 patients (P= 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
ASA classification correlates significantly with cancer‐specific survival after RNU for UUT‐UC.
It is a further pre‐operative clinical variable that can be incorporated into future risk prediction tools for UUT‐UC to improve their accuracy.
Has Australian financial reporting become more conservative over time?
Authors: Lai Cheng , Lu Meiting , Shan Yaowen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis study examines whether Australian financial reporting became more conservative over the period of 1993–2009. Unlike the United States and European evidence in Givoly and Hayn (2000) and Grambovas et al. (2006), the Australian evidence is not consistent with the notion that conservatism has increased over time. The degree of conservatism fluctuates without any obvious trend over the 17‐year period, especially for the constant sample of firms appearing throughout the period. We also examine the impact of mandatory International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on accounting conservatism in Australia. Our evidence suggests the adoption of IFRS has led to a decrease in conditional conservatism (i.e. asymmetric timeliness).
The initial private placement of equity and changes in operating performance in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Hsu‐Huei , Chan Min‐Lee 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe propose the corporate governance hypothesis which suggests that the outside blockholders arising from the private placement of equity are more likely to have a significantly positive effect on firms with poor corporate governance. Using a sample of Taiwan‐listed firms with initial private placements of equity, our study’s results indicate that an improvement in operating performance is more likely to be seen after a private placement for those firms that are without independent directors, are controlled by a family, have lower insider shareholdings or are characterized by a pyramidal ownership structure. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis.
Taking Chances: The Effect that Growing Up on Welfare Has on the Risky Behavior of Young People*
Authors: Cobb‐Clark Deborah A. , Ryan Chris , Sartbayeva Anastasia 
Published: May 2012

Abstract In this paper, we analyze the effect that growing up in a family with a history of welfare receipt has on young people's engagement in a variety of social and health risks. Unique administrative data matched to survey data for 18‐year‐olds and their mothers allow us to evaluate the effect of welfare receipt over the course of a young person's childhood. Much of the apparent link between family welfare history and risk taking disappears once we control for the effects of family structure, mothers’ own risk taking, and mothers’ investments in their children. We find no evidence that growing up on welfare causes young people to engage in risky behavior.
Host limitation of the thick‐shelled river mussel: identifying the threats to declining affiliate species
Authors: Douda K. , Horký P. , Bílý M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe conservation of endangered affiliate species, which are critically dependent on the presence of another species, is often hindered by a poor understanding of the relationships between the interacting partners. The parasitic stage of endangered unionid bivalves constitutes a tight host–affiliate linkage between the mussels and their host fishes. However, the threats resulting from potential shortages of the host species are rarely sufficiently quantified and incorporated into conservation strategies. In this paper, we integrated both host quality and availability analyses to assess the potential threats to the endangered thick‐shelled river mussel Unio crassus that result from the impairment of its host resources in Central Europe. The experimental determination of the compatibility of U. crassus parasitic larvae (glochidia) with its potential host fishes revealed an intermediate level of host specificity. At least, some glochidia successfully developed on 14 of the 27 potential hosts that were evaluated. Nevertheless, only three fish species (Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Phoxinus phoxinus and Cottus gobio) enabled the majority of the attached glochidia to transform successfully. Subsequently, our analysis of host availability at sites inhabited by living or extirpated populations of U. crassus showed that the local extirpations of U. crassus are likely associated with an impaired status of the fish assemblage and with the absence of the primary host fishes. These results indicate that the availability of host fish resources may have played at least an additive role in the present pan‐European decline of U. crassus and that the evaluation of host limitation without precise data on the host compatibility or host abundance may be ineffective for identifying the threats to particular species. It demonstrates a strong need for more thorough incorporation of host limitation issues into conservation strategies for U. crassus and probably also for other species of freshwater mussels that were previously considered safe from host limitation.