bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of the antibiotic oxytetracycline on the bacterial community of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio
Authors: Uyaguari Miguel , Key Peter , Moore Janet , Jackson Kirby , Scott Geoffrey 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The toxicity of oxytetracycline (OTC) was evaluated in adult grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio. Initially, static acute (96 h) toxicity tests were conducted with shrimp exposed from 0 to 1,000 mg/L OTC. A calculated lethal concentration 50% value of 683.30 mg/L OTC (95% confidence interval 610.85–764.40 mg/L) was determined from these tests, along with a lowest-observable-effect concentration of 750 mg/L and no-observable-effect concentration of 500 mg/L. Moreover, chronic sublethal effects of OTC exposure on grass shrimp intestinal bacterial population were assessed using doses from 0 to 32 mg/L OTC. The total viable counts in digestive tract content had levels between 5.2 and 1 × 104 colony-forming units per gram of tissue at times 0 and 96 h, respectively. Aeromonas hydrophila were the most resistant isolates (27.78%) to OTC exposure. Vibrio alginolyticus showed significant positive growth following exposure to OTC, whereas other bacterial species abundance declined over time. A total of 268 bacterial isolates were screened using antibiotic resistance analysis from a library containing 459 isolates. Among the tested isolates from the OTC treatments, 15.4% were resistant to OTC and 84.6% were OTC sensitive. Oxytetracycline was generally not consistently quantifiable with liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy technique in shrimp homogenates. The only peak detected was at the 32 mg/L dose of OTC at 96 h. Nevertheless, OTC had a significant biological effect on the bacterial population. Antibiotic resistance to five other antibiotics (penicillin G, sulfathiazole, trimethoprim, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline) was strongly associated with OTC exposures. The present study indicates that OTC toxicity effects in P. pugio and changes in the shrimp microbial community would only be expected under special circumstances.
Maroon Abolitionists
Authors: Sudbury Julia 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
This article examines the experiences of black, gender-oppressed women, and transgender activists in the anti-prison movement in the U.S. and Canada. By foregrounding the experiences of transgender and gender non-conforming activists, the author makes visible the reality of gender complexity and multiplicity within women's prisons and the anti-prison movement. The article explores the activists' motivations for involvement, and barriers to participation, and explores spirituality as a source of resilience and guidance. It examines the participants' political analysis and abolitionist visions and explores the possibility of “non-reformist reforms” that take up the challenge of a radical, antiracist, gender justice perspective. The article posits the existence of a unique abolitionist vision and praxis, centered on the participants' direct experience of gender oppression and racialized surveillance and punishment. This perspective works toward dismantling penal structures while simultaneously seeking the abolition of racialized gender policing and an end to violence against gender non-conforming prisoners.
Birthed and Buried
Authors: Smith Jennifer J. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Michelle Cliff's novels Abeng and No Telephone to Heaven have received significant critical attention for their attempts to establish a lineage of female resistance to oppression and to restore matrilineal histories that have been effaced by colonial and neocolonial discourses. While most critics read Cliff's reclamation of matrilineal history and resistance as unabashedly celebratory, I argue that the novels, especially No Telephone to Heaven, offer a more ambivalent perspective through the construction of the female body as a site of death. The imbrications of menstruation, miscarriages, hemorrhages, and womb images alongside death suggest that relying on a relationship among blood, land, and identity is always already limiting, even as the novel maintains that such relationships remain the best hope for resisting oppression. The lack of a future in the text indicates that the body as the sole means of connection to the past cannot survive and it cannot suffice.
Konkurrenz zwischen Stieleiche und Buche auf Lothar-Sturmflächen | Competition between pedunculate oak and European beech on Lothar windthrow areas
Authors: Otto Daniel , Wagner Sven , Brang Peter 
Published: April 2009

The competitive pressure of naturally regenerated European beech (Fagus sylvatica) saplings on planted pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) was investigated on two 1.8 ha permanent plots near Habsburg and Murten (Switzerland). The plots were established with the aim to test methods of artificial oak regeneration after large-scale windthrow. On both plots, 80 oaks exposed to varying levels of competitive pressure from at most 10 neighbouring beech trees were selected. The height of each oak as well as stem and branch diameters were measured. The competitive pressure was assessed using Schütz's competition index, which is based on relative tree height, crown overlap and distance from competing neighbours.
Oak trees growing without or with only slight competition from beech were equally tall, while oaks exposed to moderate to strong competition were smaller. A threshold value for the competition index was found above which oak height decreased strongly. The stem and branch diameters of the oaks started to decrease even if the competition from beech was slight, and decreased much further with more competition. The oak stems started to become more slender even with only slight competition from beech. On the moderately acid beech sites studied here, beech grow taller faster than oak. Thus where beech is competing with oak and the aim is to maintain the oak, competitive pressure on the oak must be reduced at an early stage. The degree of the intervention should, however, take the individual competitive interaction into account, with more intervention if the competition is strong.
Electrostatic effects on inertial particle transport in bifurcated tubes
Authors: Leong Fong Yew , Smith Kenneth A. , Wang Chi‐Hwa , Matsusaka Shuji , Hua Jinsong 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMost aerosols found naturally in the ambient environment or those dispersed from artificial devices such as dry powder inhalers, are electrically charged. It is known that a strong electrostatic charge on aerosols can result in transport behavior dramatically different from that of uncharged aerosols, even in the absence of an external electric field. In the present work, we study pneumatic transport of corona‐charged particles in bifurcated tubes. This is accomplished by tracking the motion of discrete particles numerically under the influence of drag, gravitational, and electrostatic forces. The model aerosol is fly ash powder, whose size and charge distributions have been determined experimentally. The electrical mobility of the charged particle cloud is modeled through coulombic interactions between discrete point charges. For the case of polydispersed particles electrically charged across a distribution, the deposition efficiency was found to be greater than what is indicated by the mean charge and size. In particular, use of negatively charged fly ash powder of mean size of 2 μm and mean charge of −1.5 C/kg led to significant increase in deposition efficiency (∼29%) compared with uncharged fly ash powder of the same size distribution (∼8%). Analysis of particle residence times suggests significant interaction between electrical and drag forces. These findings could have implications for pneumatic powder conveying or pulmonary drug delivery applications. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Bilateral lambdoid and sagittal synostosis (BLSS): A unique craniosynostosis syndrome or predictable craniofacial phenotype?
Authors: Hing Anne V. , Click Eleanor S. , Holder Ursula , Seto Marianne L. , Vessey Kyle , Gruss Joseph , Hopper Richard , Cunningham Michael L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMultisutural craniosynostosis that includes bilateral lambdoid and sagittal synostosis (BLSS) results in a very characteristic head shape with frontal bossing, turribrachycephaly, biparietal narrowing, occipital concavity, and inferior displacement of the ears. This entity has been reported both in the genetics literature as craniofacial dyssynostosis and in the surgical literature as “Mercedes Benz” syndrome. Craniofacial dyssynostosis was first described in 1976 by Dr. Neuhauser when he presented a series of seven patients with synostosis of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures, short stature, and developmental delay. Over the past 30 years nine additional patients with craniofacial dyssynostosis have been reported in the literature adding to the growing evidence for a distinct craniosynostosis syndrome. The term “Mercedes Benz” syndrome was coined by Moore et al. in 1998 due to the characteristic appearance of the fused sutures on three‐dimensional CT imaging. In contrast to the aforementioned reported cases of craniofacial dyssynostosis, all three patients had normal development. Recently, there have been several case reports of patients with BLSS and distinct chromosomal anomalies. These findings suggest that BLSS is a heterogeneous disorder perhaps with syndromic, chromosomal, and isolated forms. In this manuscript we will present the largest series of patients with BLSS and review clinical, CT, and molecular findings. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Possible new syndrome: Left ventricular noncompaction, partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, and developmental delay in a Brazilian child
Authors: Lamonica Dionisia A.C. , Abramides Dagma V.M. , Maximino Luciana P. , Gejão Mariana G. , da Silva Greyce K. , Ferreira Amanda T. , Furlan Renata H. , Giacheti Célia M. , Barros‐Neto Plínio A. , Richieri‐Costa A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe report on the clinical, neuropsychological and language characteristics of a boy with left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC), agenesis of the splenium of the corpus callosum, minor anomalies of face and limbs, mild mental retardation, and speech and language disabilities. The occurrence of pilomatricoma (calcifying epithelioma) may be part of the clinical spectrum or a fortuitous finding. Compared to other related conditions with LVNC suggests that this is a “new” unique pattern MCA/MR syndrome. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are the oral‐facial‐digital syndromes ciliopathies?
Authors: Toriello Helga V. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe first oral‐facial‐digital syndrome was described in 1941 by Mohr, followed by a report by Papillon‐Léage and Psaume [Papillon‐Léage and Psaume (1954); Rev Stomatol (Paris) 55:209–227]. Ironically, these became known as oral‐facial‐digital syndrome (OFDS) II and I, respectively. Since then, numerous other examples of OFDS have been published, and current classification systems include up to 13 different types of OFDS. Other than for OFDS I, the causative gene defects for these conditions are unknown. Recently however the finding that primary ciliary defects can cause multiple anomaly syndromes that phenotypically overlap with the OFDS suggests that many, if not all of the OFDS could be caused by mutations in ciliary proteins. This review presents the evidence for suggesting that the search for causative genes should focus on those that are related to ciliary structure and function. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I in 21 Czech and Slovak patients: Mutation analysis suggests a functional importance of C‐terminus of the IDUA protein
Authors: Vazna Alzbeta , Beesley Clare , Berna Linda , Stolnaja Larisa , Myskova Helena , Bouckova Michaela , Vlaskova Hana , Poupetova Helena , Zeman Jiri , Magner Martin , Hlavata Anna , Winchester Bryan , Hrebicek Martin , Dvorakova Lenka 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder that is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme α‐L‐iduronidase (IDUA). Of the 21 Czech and Slovak patients who have been diagnosed with MPS I in the last 30 years, 16 have a severe clinical presentation (Hurler syndrome), 2 less severe manifestations (Scheie syndrome), and 3 an intermediate severity (Hurler/Scheie phenotype). Mutation analysis was performed in 20 MPS I patients and 39 mutant alleles were identified. There was a high prevalence of the null mutations p.W402X (12 alleles) and p.Q70X (7 alleles) in this cohort. Four of the 13 different mutations were novel: p.V620F (3 alleles), p.W626X (1 allele), c.1727 + 2T > G (1 allele) and c.1918_1927del (2 alleles). The pathogenicity of the novel mutations was verified by transient expression studies in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Seven haplotypes were observed in the patient alleles using 13 intragenic polymorphisms. One of the two haplotypes associated with the mutation p.Q70X was not found in any of the controls. Haplotype analysis showed, that mutations p.Q70X, p.V620F, and p.D315Y probably have more than one ancestor. Missense mutations localized predominantly in the hydrophobic core of the enzyme are associated with the severe phenotype, whereas missense mutations localized to the surface of the enzyme are usually associated with the attenuated phenotypes. Mutations in the 130 C‐terminal amino acids lead to clinical manifestations, which indicates a functional importance of the C‐terminus of the IDUA protein. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal rules in vocal exchanges of phees and trills in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Yamaguchi Chieko , Izumi Akihiro , Nakamura Katsuki 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMarmosets exchange two types of calls: phees and trills. We played back phees and trills to investigate the temporal rules of vocal exchanges using ten captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). The marmosets usually emitted the same type of vocalizations just after the stimulus playbacks, and similar regularities were observed in the temporal intervals of phees and in trills. They vocalized with shorter intervals when they responded with trills rather than phees, and, after the first call, they repeatedly vocalized trills with shorter intervals than phees. These results suggest that the temporal rules between phees and trills are qualitatively similar but quantitatively different. These results might be owing to the different distances over which these contact calls are used. Am. J. Primatol. 71:617–622, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rational Design of an Organometallic Glutathione Transferase Inhibitor
Authors: Ang Wee Han , Parker Lorien J. , De Luca Anastasia , Juillerat‐Jeanneret Lucienne , Morton Craig J. , Lo Bello Mario , Parker Michael W. , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIm Zentrum herrscht Ru: Ein hybrider organisch‐anorganischer (metallorganischer) Inhibitor für Glutathion‐Transferasen wurde entwickelt, dessen Metallzentrum die Bindung an das Protein steuert, während sein organischer Rest als Inhibitor des aktiven Zentrums wirkt (siehe Bild). Der Inhibitionsmechanismus wurde mit einer Reihe biophysikalischer und biochemischer Methoden untersucht.magnified image
Interactive Radical Dimers in Photoconductive Organic Thin Films
Authors: Iwasaki Akito , Hu Laigui , Suizu Rie , Nomura Kenji , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Awaga Kunio , Noda Yukiko , Kanai Kaname , Ouchi Yukio , Seki Kazuhiko , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFully interactive: Overlap between extended unoccupied molecular orbitals leads to the high photoconductivity of interactive radical dimers. Sandwich‐type cells (see picture; ITO=indium tin oxide) comprising highly oriented thin films of a disjoint diradical, 4,4′‐bis(1,2,3,5‐dithiadiazolyl) (BDTDA) exhibit a photocurrent with a high on/off ratio at reverse bias voltages and photovoltaic behavior at zero bias voltage.magnified image
Direct CC Cross‐Coupling of Secondary and Primary Alcohols Catalyzed by a γ‐Alumina‐Supported Silver Subnanocluster
Authors: Shimizu Ken‐ichi , Sato Ryosuke , Satsuma Atsushi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLet's drink to that! Two alcohols (one primary and one secondary) can be coupled in an atom‐efficient process by a hydrogen‐autotransfer catalytic system in the form of silver subnanoclusters supported on γ‐Al2O3. The recyclable heterogeneous catalyst promoted the one‐pot CC cross‐coupling in the presence of a catalytic amount of the weak base Cs2CO3 (see reaction mechanism).magnified image
Palladium(0) pre‐catalysts with heteroditopic NHC–amine ligands by transmetallation from their silver(I) complexes
Authors: Warsink Stefan , Hauwert Peter , Siegler Maxime A. , Spek Anthony L. , Elsevier Cornelis J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of an air‐stable series of Pd0 complexes with dissymmetric bidentate N‐heterocyclic carbene–amine ligands has been performed. The key step is an unprecedented carbene transfer from AgI to obtain electron‐rich zero‐valent palladium precatalysts. The coordination behavior of the ligands was determined with X‐ray crystallography. Surprising results were obtained in the catalysis of transfer semi‐hydrogenation, where the addition of base appeared not to be necessary to obtain the desired product stereoselectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of bagasse‐rind particleboard bonded with chitosan
Authors: Umemura Kenji , Kaiho Keiji , Kawai Shuichi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe development of high‐performance non‐wood lignocellulosic board without using synthetic adhesives derived from fossils resources is very important for the future. In this study, the characterization of bagasse particleboard bonded with chitosan was investigated. The 4 wt % chitosan‐acetic acid solution was sprayed onto bagasse rind particles at a 2–10 wt % chitosan solid content based on the dry particles. Particleboards with target densities of 0.75 and 0.9 g/cm3 were manufactured using a steam‐injection press. The steam pressure and total pressing time were 1 MPa (180°C) and 7 min, respectively. The addition of 2–4 wt % of chitosan was the most effective in the bending properties. The high‐density board bonded with a 4 wt % addition of chitosan showed a good result in the internal bond strength test. Furthermore, the board had favorable dimensional stability in dilute acetic acid as well as in a cyclic accelerated aging test. Judging from the analysis of bagasse extract‐added chitosan films, it was suggested that chitosan reacted with extract from bagasse during steam‐injection pressing. The reaction seemed to contribute to the board's good resistance to dilute acid. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Preparation and characterization of flame‐retardant melamine cyanurate/polyamide 6 nanocomposites by in situ polymerization
Authors: Wu Zhi‐Yong , Xu Wei , Liu Yao‐Chi , Xia Jin‐Kui , Wu Qian‐Xin , Xu Wei‐Jian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis article focuses on an improved method, i.e., improved in situ polymerization of ε‐caprolactam in the presence of melamine derivatives to prepare flame‐retardant melamine cyanurate/polyamide 6 (MCA/PA6) nanocomposites. The chemical structures of these synthetic flame retardant composites are characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Morphologies, mechanical properties, and thermal properties also are investigated by the use of transmission electron microscopy, mechanical testing apparatus, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Through transmission electron microscopy photographs, it can be found that the in situ‐formed MCA nanoparticles with diametric size of less than 50 nm are nanoscaled, highly uniformly dispersed in the PA6 matrix. These nanocomposites, which have good mechanical properties, can reach UL‐94 V‐0 rating at 1.6‐mm thickness even at a relatively low MCA loading level. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Self‐organized nanogels from pullulan‐g‐poly(L‐lactide) synthesized by one‐pot method: Physicochemical characterization and in vitro doxorubicin release
Authors: Cho Jung‐Kyo , Park Wooram , Na Kun 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWater‐insoluble pullulan‐g‐poly(L‐lactide) (PUPL) was successfully synthesized via a one‐pot method in the presence of triethylamine in dimethyl sulfoxide, in an effort to design a novel anticancer agent carrier. Three samples (designated as PUPL 1, 2, and 3) were obtained, which differed in the moles of lactides grafted to the pullulan. The degrees of grafted lactide per 1 glucose unit in pullulan were 0.68, 0.60, and 0.45 for PUPL 1, 2, and 3, respectively. These copolymers were dissolved in several organic solvents, including dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, and ethanol, but were insoluble in water. The self‐organized nanogels were then prepared from the polymers via dialysis. To study the organizing behavior of the polymers, their critical association concentrations were measured. Their values were 5.0, 15.9, and 52.9 mg/L for PUPL 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The results showed that lactide in the polymers could function as a hydrophobic moiety for the formation of self‐organized nanogels. To estimate the potential of PUPL 1 as an anticancer drug carrier, we used doxorubicin (DOX) as a model drug. The DOX loading efficiencies of PUPL 1 were more than 52%, which differed with differing initial DOX concentrations. High loading resulted in slower DOX release as the result of increases in hydrophobic interaction. In conclusion, PUPL nanogels may prove useful as anticancer drug carriers because of their low critical association concentrations and the controlled DOX release rate © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Rheology and thermal behavior of long branching polypropylene prepared by reactive extrusion
Authors: Su Feng‐Hua , Huang Han‐Xiong 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLong‐chain branching polypropylene (LCB‐PP) was achieved by reactive extrusion in the presence of bifunctional monomer [1,6‐hexanediol diarylate (HDDA)] and peroxide of dicumyl peroxide (DCP). Influences of HDDA and DCP concentrations on the branching efficiency were comparatively evaluated. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that the grafting reaction took place, and HDDA has been grafted on PP skeleton. In comparison with initial PP, some modified samples showed lower melt flow index because of a large number of LCB in their skeleton. Several rheology plots were used to investigate the rheological properties of the initial PP and modified PPs, and the rheological characteristics confirmed the LCB in modified PPs skeleton. DSC results showed that the crystallization temperatures of modified PPs were higher than those of initial PP and degraded PP, suggesting that the modified PPs had long‐chain branched structure. The contrastive investigation in the rheology of modified PPs suggested that proper concentrations of HDDA and DCP were more beneficial to producing LCB during reactive extrusion. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009