bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De novo intraepidermal epithelioid melanocytic dysplasia: a review of 263 cases
Authors: Jessup Chad J. , Cohen Lisa M. 
Published: September 2009

Background: De novo intraepidermal epithelioid melanocytic dysplasia (DNIEMD) is a newly characterized lesion that is associated with a personal and/or family history of malignant melanoma (MM) and/or dysplastic nevi (DN). However, the biological significance is still uncertain and the persons predisposed to this lesion have not been adequately described. Methods: Clinicopathologic data of 258 patients, from 263 biopsies diagnosed with DNIEMD, was obtained. A brief voluntary questionnaire was used to obtain demographic, risk factor and disease history. Results: There is an 82% (n=263) predominance of women with DNIEMDs. For men and women, the distributions of these lesions occur on the lower extremities (71%), the upper extremities (24%) and trunk (5%). Thirty‐one percent of the 258 patients responded to the questionnaires. 48% of the 60 respondents had green or blue eyes. 26% of 62 respondents had a history of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Combined data revealed that 68% of 134 patients had a history of DN. As well, 24% of 89 patients had personal histories of melanoma, while 24% of 72 patients had a family history of melanoma. Conclusion: Most of these DNIEMD lesions are found on the lower extremities of women and men, and they have an increased association with MM, DN and NMSC.Jessup CJ, Cohen LM. De novo intraepidermal epithelioid melanocytic dysplasia: a review of 263 cases.
Hirseins inhibit melanogenesis by regulating the gene expressions of Mitf and melanogenesis enzymes
Authors: Villareal Myra O. , Han Junkyu , Yamada Parida , Shigemori Hideyuki , Isoda Hiroko 
Published: September 2009

Please cite this paper as:Hirseins inhibit melanogenesis by regulating the gene expressions of Mitf and melanogenesis enzymes. Experimental Dermatology 2009; 19: 450–457.Abstract: Previously, we reported thatThymelaea hirsutaextract has antimelanogenesis effect on B16 murine melanoma cells. The extract was subjected to fractionation, and hirsein A (HA) and hirsein B (HB) were discovered and tested for their ability to regulate melanogenesis in B16 cells. Western blot (WB) analysis was carried out to determine the expression of tyrosinase. Moreover, to elucidate the possible mechanism behind melanogenesis regulation, real‐time PCR using primers forMitf,Tyr,Trp1andDctgenes, and protein kinase C (PKC) activity assay were carried out. Results clearly show that 0.1 μmHA and HB significantly reduced the melanin content. This reduction in melanin content was accompanied by reduced tyrosinase expression as detected by WB analysis. There was also a significant decrease in the expression level ofMitfgene in HA‐ and HB‐treated cells. HA down‐regulated the expressions ofTyr,Trp1andDct, whereas HB down‐regulated only those ofTrp1andDct. Interestingly, HB‐treated cells had lower kinase activity than HA‐treated cells indicating a possible difference in the activities of the compounds but with the same mechanism of melanogenesis regulation. We report for the first time that HA and HB can down‐regulate melanogenesis by down‐regulatingMitfgene expression, leading to reduced expressions ofTyr,Trp1andDct.The hirseins were also able to reduce the kinase activity, suggesting the possible involvement of PKC in the overall ability of the hirseins to down‐regulate melanogenesis.
Invasive gobies in the Danube: invasion success facilitated by availability and selection of superior food resources
Authors: Polačik M. , Janáč M. , Jurajda P. , Adámek Z. , Ondračková M. , Trichkova T. , Vassilev M. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract – We investigated somatic condition, growth rate, diet and food resources of the native (lower Danube) and non‐native (upper Danube) populations of invasive bighead gobyNeogobius kessleriand round gobyN. melanostomuswithin the Danube River to answer the question whether prey availability and type may have facilitated successful goby invasion to the upper Danube. The non‐native populations of both species were in better somatic condition and grew faster. The biomass of nonmollusc macrozoobenthos, dominated by Amphipoda, was markedly higher in the non‐native range while molluscs were recorded frequently in both the native and non‐native ranges. Amphipods were far the most consumed prey by non‐native fish, whereas native fish combined two main prey types – amphipods and fish (bighead goby) and amphipods and bivalves (round goby). A laboratory experiment was conducted to reveal whether the low consumption of bivalves by the round goby in the non‐native range reflects prey encounter rates or alternatively prey selectivity. When bivalves and amphipods were offered simultaneously in excess to the experimental fish, round goby showed strong preference towards amphipods. Molluscs are hypothesised to be an alternative rather than the most preferred prey for the round goby. Rich food resources utilised by the non‐native bighead and round goby contribute to their invasive success in the upper Danube.
Impact of skin tone on the performance of a transcutaneous jaundice meter
Authors: Wainer Stephen , Rabi Yacov , Parmar Seema M. , Allegro Donna , Lyon Martha 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the performance of the Konica Minolta/Air‐Shields® JM‐103 jaundice meter on the basis of infant skin tone during the early neonatal period.Methods:  Infants were prospectively categorized into light, medium and dark skin tone groups relative to two reference colours. Transcutaneous bilirubin readings were taken at predetermined intervals through the early neonatal period on a convenience sample of 938 healthy infants ≥37 weeks gestation. Serum bilirubin measurements were drawn routinely with metabolic studies and repeated in the presence of an elevated transcutaneous reading or clinically significant jaundice.Results:  Multivariate linear regression analysis showed a significant impact on serum and transcutaneous bilirubin agreement by skin tone. Highest precision and lowest bias were observed for medium skin toned infants. Greater disagreement between serum and transcutaneous measurements was noted at serum bilirubin concentrations >200 μmol/L. Insufficient numbers of dark skin toned infants were enroled to evaluate fully the performance of the jaundice meter for this group.Conclusion:  The JM‐103 jaundice meter displayed good correlation with serum bilirubin concentrations in light and medium skin tone infants, although it showed a tendency to under‐read in the lighter skin tone group and to over‐read in the darker skin tone group. The device shows excellent performance characteristics for use as a screening device.
Routine developmental screening at 5.5 and 7 years of age is not an efficient predictor of attention‐deficit / hyperactivity disorder at age 10
Authors: Holmberg Kirsten , Sundelin Claes , Hjern Anders 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of developmental screening for deficits in attention, motor control and perception or attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (DAMP/ADHD) at 5.5 and 7 years of age for diagnosing ADHD in grade 4.Method:  The study population consisted of 442 children from a cohort study of ADHD in 10‐year olds in one municipality in Stockholm County. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of a developmental screening at 5.5 and at 7 years of age for being diagnosed with ADHD at 10 years of age was calculated.Results:  The sensitivity was 44%, the specificity 85% and the positive predictive value for having a diagnosis of pervasive ADHD in 4th grade was 15%, when at least two deviations in nine items was used as the cut‐off point in 5.5‐year screening at Child Health Centres (CHCs). With a cut‐off score of at least two deviations in four items rated by parents or and teachers in 1st grade, these estimates were 58%, 81% and 15% respectively.Conclusion:  This study demonstrates that developmental screening for DAMP/ADHD at 5.5 and 7 years of age does not identify children who are diagnosed with ADHD in grade 4 with a high degree of selectivity.
The transient value of classifying preschool wheeze into episodic viral wheeze and multiple trigger wheeze
Authors: Schultz A , Devadason SG , Savenije OEM , Sly PD , Le Souëf PN , Brand PLP 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackground:  A recently proposed method for classifying preschool wheeze is to describe it as either episodic (viral) wheeze or multiple trigger wheeze. In research studies, phenotype is generally determined by retrospective questionnaire.Aim:  To determine whether recently proposed phenotypes of preschool wheeze are stable over time.Methods:  In all, 132 two to six‐year‐old children with doctor diagnosed asthma on maintenance inhaled corticosteroids were classified as having episodic (viral) wheeze or multiple trigger wheeze at a screening visit and then followed up at three‐monthly intervals for a year. At each follow‐up visit, standardized questionnaires were used to determine whether the subjects wheezed only with, or also in the absence of colds. Stability of the phenotypes was assessed at the end of the study.Results:  Phenotype as determined by retrospective parental report at the start of the study was not predictive of phenotype during the study year. Phenotypic classification remained the same in 45.9% of children and altered in 54.1% of children.Conclusion:  When children with preschool wheeze are classified into episodic (viral) wheeze or multiple trigger wheeze based on retrospective questionnaire, the classification is likely to change significantly within a 1‐year period.
Shakespeare and Elizabeth I: Icons and their Afterlives1
Authors: Hackett Helen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractShakespeare and Queen Elizabeth I are each potent cultural icons in their own right, but from the 18th century to the present day their afterlives have been intertwined and mutually dependent. Despite the absence of evidence of any encounter between them, and the scant and ambivalent references to Elizabeth in Shakespeare’s works, many different kinds of writers and artists have imagined a meeting, or patronage relationship, or even intimacy between them. This article surveys this joint iconography as it has appeared not only in historical fictions, historical paintings, and costume‐dramas on film, but also in Shakespeare biography, Shakespeare criticism and the Shakespeare authorship controversy. It considers the role of this mythology in the formation of national identity in both Britain and America. It also briefly surveys recent critical work on the individual afterlives of Shakespeare and Elizabeth.
An orphan dermaseptin from frog skin reversibly assembles to amyloid‐like aggregates in a pH‐dependent fashion
Authors: Gößler‐Schöfberger Ruth , Hesser Günter , Muik Martin , Wechselberger Christian , Jilek Alexander 
Published: September 2009

Dermaseptin PD‐3‐7 (aDrs) from frog skin contains three aspartic acid residues resulting in a negative net charge at neutral pH, as opposed to numerous other dermaseptins which are cationic helical antimicrobial peptides. Still, this peptide can be fitted into an amphipathic α helix by an Edmundson wheel projection. However, folding to the proposed helix was induced to only a low extent by zwitterionic vesicles or even detergents. Furthermore, no evidence of antibacterial or cytotoxic activity from soluble aDrs could be obtained. The peptide has an inherent propensity to an extended conformation in aqueous solution and self‐assembles into amyloid fibrils in a reversible pH‐controlled fashion, which was studied in some detail; above pH 5, the amyloid fibrils disassemble in a cooperative manner. This is probably caused by deprotonation of both side chain and terminal carboxyl groups, which results in intermolecular electrostatic repulsion. At neutral pH, this process proceeds instantaneously to the soluble form. Within the transition interval (pH 5–6.5), however, ‘backward’ granular aggregates, 10–500 nm in size, are formed. Such metastable amorphous aggregates, which are quickly released from an amyloid depot by a shift in pH, can mediate a strong cytotoxic effect. This activity does not involve lysis or interference with the cellular redox status, but apparently acts via an as yet unidentified mechanism. In this study, we present a new member of an emerging class of self‐assembling frog skin peptides with extraordinary self‐aggregation properties, which may potentially be relevant for biological processes.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7256467: Dermaseptin (uniprotkb:O93455) and Dermaseptin (uniprotkb:O93455) bind (MI:0407) by circular dichroism (MI:0016)
MINT‐7255686: Dermaseptin (uniprotkb:O93455) and Dermaseptin (uniprotkb:O93455) bind (MI:0407) by biophysical (MI:0013)
MINT‐7256439: Dermaseptin (uniprotkb:O93455) and Dermaseptin (uniprotkb:O93455) bind (MI:0407) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)
MINT‐7256449: Dermaseptin (uniprotkb:O93455) and Dermaseptin (uniprotkb:O93455) bind (MI:0407) by electron microscopy (MI:0040)
MINT‐7256430: Dermaseptin (uniprotkb:O93455) and Dermaseptin (uniprotkb:O93455) bind (MI:0407) by fluorescence technologies (MI:0051)
Identification of the structural determinant responsible for the phosphorylation of G‐protein activated potassium channel 1 by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase
Authors: Müllner Carmen , Steinecker Bibiane , Gorischek Astrid , Schreibmayer Wolfgang 
Published: September 2009

Besides being activated by G‐protein β/γ subunits, G‐protein activated potassium channels (GIRKs) are regulated by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase. Back‐phosphorylation experiments have revealed that the GIRK1 subunit is phosphorylated in vivo upon protein kinase A activation in Xenopus oocytes, whereas phosphorylation was eliminated when protein kinase A was blocked. In vitro phosphorylation experiments using truncated versions of GIRK1 revealed that the structural determinant is located within the distant, unique cytosolic C‐terminus of GIRK1. Serine 385, serine 401 and threonine 407 were identified to be responsible for the incorporation of radioactive 32P into the protein. Furthermore, the functional effects of cAMP injections into oocytes on currents produced by GIRK1 homooligomers were significantly reduced when these three amino acids were mutated. The data obtained in the present study provide information about the structural determinants that are responsible for protein kinase A phosphorylation and the regulation of GIRK channels.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7260296, MINT‐7260317, MINT‐7260333, MINT‐7260347, MINT‐7260361, MINT‐7260270: PKA‐cs (uniprotkb:P00517) phosphorylates (MI:0217) Girk1 (uniprotkb:P63251) by protein kinase assay (MI:0424)
A unique display of toll‐like receptor 4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms in non‐Han Chinese Hani population
Authors: Zheng B. , Wei C. , Shou T. , Li Q. , Yang M. , Yi L. , Zhou R. , Shao J. , Xiao C. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryThe toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) polymorphisms, Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile, were investigated with PCR‐RFLP and DNA sequencing methods in 938 and 980 individuals from the Yunnan Hani ethnic minority and the majority Han population, respectively. Six heterozygotes for both Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile were detected in the Hani, a polymorphism frequency of 0.6397%, whereas no variants were found amongst the Han.
Detection of a rare Caucasoid HLA‐DRB1*0337 in a Taiwanese bone marrow donor using sequence‐based typing method
Authors: Chen M. J. , Chu C. C. , Shyr M. H. , Lin C. L. , Lin P. Y. , Yang K. L. 
Published: September 2009

SummaryWe here describe the identification of HLA‐DRB1*0337, using sequence‐based typing (SBT) method, in a Taiwanese bone marrow donor intrigued by a casual curiosity on the donor’s racial background. On high‐resolution sequence‐specific primer (SSP) typing we observed misleading reaction patterns due to similarity of DNA sequences in the exon 2 of DRB1*0301, *0317, *0337 and *1139. When encountering rare alleles in HLA typing, it is important to pay extra attentions to avoid pitfalls and shortcomings of SSP typing kits routinely used and bear in mind that constant up‐dating of high‐resolution SSP typing kits to be able to distinguish newly reported alleles. SBT may be considered as a back‐up HLA typing method to confirm rare alleles.
Agraphydrus narusei(Satô) andCrenitis apicalis(Reitter) (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) new to Korea
Authors: LEE Dae‐Hyun , AHN Kee‐Jeong 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTwo hydrophilid species,Agraphydrus narusei(Satô) andCrenitis apicalis(Reitter), are identified for the first time in Korea. Habitus photo, description, and diagnostic characters with illustration of the species are provided.
Baseline toxicity of emamectin and spinosad to Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for resistance monitoring
Authors: STANLEY Johnson , CHANDRASEKARAN Subramanian , REGUPATHY Ayyappan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAcute toxicity studies of emamectin and spinosad against Helicoverpa armigera revealed that the pest is highly susceptible to both the insecticides. The median lethal dose (LD50) of emamectin is 3.86 × 10−3 µg per larva. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of emamectin and spinosad were found to be 0.09 and 2.94 ppm, respectively. The discriminating doses were fixed based on the LC95 of the susceptible population of H. armigera as 0.80 ppm for emamectin and 10 ppm for spinosad. Resistance was not observed when the discriminating doses of emamectin and spinosad were applied on field‐collected populations of H. armigera from two intensive cotton growing areas, Coimbatore and Madurai, India.
Korean species of the Genus Scaphobaeocera Csiki (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae) in Korea
Authors: HOSHINA Hideto , PARK Sun‐Jae , AHN Kee‐Jeong 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe genus Scaphobaeocera Csiki including three species (S. dorsalis Löbl, S. inexpectata Löbl, S. pecki Löbl) is identified for the first time in Korea. A key to the species is given with diagnosis and illustrations of important morphological features.
Research and utilization of medicinal insects in China
Authors: FENG Ying , ZHAO Min , HE Zhao , CHEN Zhiyong , SUN Long 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe research and utilization of medicinal insects in China is introduced briefly in this paper. Medicinal insects have been used to treat human diseases from ancient times. There are approximately 300 medicinal insects species distributed in 70 genera, 63 families and 14 orders at present. An estimated 1700 traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions include medicinal insects or insect‐derived crude drugs. Many insect‐derived compounds have been studied and show efficient therapeutic functions. Techniques for mass rearing and cultivation of medicinal insects have been developed in order to have sufficient quantities of medicinal insects. Suggestions are made towards the uses of medicinal insects and it is proposed that insects will be a main resource for the future discovery of new drugs.
Common edible insects and their utilization in China
Authors: CHEN Xiaoming , FENG Ying , CHEN Zhiyong 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper reviews the common edible insects and their use in China. One‐hundred and seventy‐eight insect species from 96 genera, 53 families and 11 orders are commonly eaten in China. Preparation of edible insects includes frying, braising, stewing, stewing after frying, boiling and roasting. The insect forms eaten range from eggs to adults; however, in restaurants most are larvae and pupae. More than 50 species have been analyzed for their nutritive elements and nutritional value and these data are reviewed here. Insect health foods sold in the Chinese market are also briefly discussed.
Edible insects: Traditional knowledge or western phobia?
Authors: YEN Alan L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWith an increasing human population and environmental degradation, the world faces a major problem in providing adequate animal based proteins. Many traditional societies have used or still use insects as a protein source, while westernized societies are reluctant to use insects, despite being the major consumers of animal proteins. We now need to consider insects as a source of food for humans in a manner that acknowledges both the role of entomophagy in indigenous societies and the need for westernized societies to reduce the size of their environmental footprint with regard to food production. The situation on continents such as Africa, Asia, and Central and South America has some parallels to Australia in that there are two forces in operation: the sustainable traditional use of edible insects and the “westernization” of these societies leading to a movement away from entomophagy. However, the potential to reach a compromise is greater in these continents because entomophagy is already accepted. The major challenges will be establishing sustainable production systems that include food safety and security as well as environmental protection. Whether this will happen or not will depend upon: (i) a major change in attitude in westernized societies towards entomophagy; (ii) pressure to conserve remaining habitats in a sustainable manner; (iii) economic impetus to develop food production systems that include insects; and (iv) an acknowledgement that achieving adequate nutrition on a global basis will involve different diets in much of the developed world.
Feasting on insects
Authors: NONAKA Kenichi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractInsects are an important natural resource, both for self‐sufficiency and as commercial food products in many parts of the world. The use of edible insects reflects regional preferences and socio‐cultural significance, which can be described in terms of regional differences. This study describes some edible insects in three regions: Japan, Southeast Asia and Southern Africa, and focuses on systems of traditional practices as the socio‐cultural implications of people's preferences regarding edible insects. The case studies presented here describe such insect‐related customs as the continuation of the traditional practice of insect eating in Japan, Southeast Asia and Southern Africa. These case studies describe the uniqueness or special characteristics of the custom, and the significance of its existence in the social sphere. Edible insects are regarded as cultural resources reflecting a rich biodiversity. They represent an alternative source of natural food resources in remote or mountainous areas. People who eat insects have established a broad variety of methods for collecting and cooking the rich diversity of edible insect species that are available. However, increases in demand could lead to competition and overexploitation, resulting in the future decline of these resources. In areas affected by overdevelopment, insect habitats are also likely to decline. It is necessary to raise people's awareness of the importance of the use of insects for food in order to ensure that insects are used in a sustainable manner, and to promote their proper use and conservation.