bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium–calcium exchange mediated contraction in left anterior descending and left ventricular branch arteries
Authors: Qayyum Fareeha , Al‐Bondokji Imtisal , Kuszczak Iwona , Samson Sue E. , Grover Ashok K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that the de‐endothelialized artery rings from the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and its left ventricular branch (LVB) differ in their contractile responses to Na+–Ca2+‐exchanger (NCX) mediated Ca2+‐entry, muscarinic receptor activation with carbachol, and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+pump (SERCA) inhibition with thapsigargin. In LVB, the force of contraction (in N/g tissue) produced by the NCX mediated Ca2+‐entry (17.5 ± 1.4) and carbachol (18 ± 1.5) was only slightly smaller than that due to membrane depolarization with KCl (24.0 ± 1.0). In contrast, in LAD the force of contraction produced with NCX (8.7 ± 0.7) and carbachol (6.1 ± 1.1) was much smaller than with KCl (15.7 ± 0.7). Thapsigargin also contracted LVB with greater force than LAD. When isolated microsomes were used, the binding to the muscarinic receptor antagonist quinuclidinyl benzilate was greater in LVB than in LAD. Microsomes were also used for Western blots. The intensities of signals for both SERCA and NCX were greater in LVB than in LAD. These biochemical observations were consistent with the contractile experiments. Thus, it appears that the differences between LAD and the resistance arteries may begin as early as LVB.
Differential expression of galectin‐3, β‐catenin, and cyclin D1 in adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma of salivary glands
Authors: Ferrazzo K. L. , Neto M. M. , Dos Santos E. , Dos Santos Pinto D. , De Sousa S. O. M. 
Published: July 2009

Background:  Galectin‐3 has been implicated in tumor progression of some malignancies as thyroid, prostate, and salivary gland tumors. Recently, it has been suggested that this protein may be an important mediator of the β‐catenin/Wnt pathway. Moreover, nuclear galectin‐3 expression has been implicated in cell proliferation, promoting cyclin D1 activation. Thus, the present study aimed to correlate galectin‐3 expression with β‐catenin and cyclin D1 expressions in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and in polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA).Methods:  Fifteen formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded cases of each tumor were retrieved from the files of the Surgical Oral Pathology Service at the University of São Paulo and the proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Results:  Adenoid cystic carcinoma showed galectin‐3 immunostaining mainly in the nuclei, while PLGA revealed a positive mostly cytoplasmic reaction to galectin‐3 in the largest part of tumor cells. Both tumors showed intense cytoplasmic/nuclear staining for β‐catenin in majority of cases. Cyclin D1 immunoreactivity was not detected in 14/15 PLGA and showed specific nuclear staining in 10/15 cases of ACC in more than 5% of the neoplastic cells. Cyclin D1 expression was correlated with cytoplasmic and nuclear galectin‐3 expression in ACC (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  These results suggest that in ACC galectin‐3 may play a role in cellular proliferation through cyclin D1 activation. In addition, nuclear expression of galectin‐3 in ACC may be related to a more aggressive behavior of this lesion. Although β‐catenin seems to play a role in carcinogenesis in both lesions, it seems that it does not bind to galectin‐3 for cyclin D1 stimulation.
The Politics of the State in Contemporary Literary Studies
Authors: Hart Matthew 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe relationship between literature and the state has been controversial since the time of Plato. Until recently, however, the few scholars to write on this subject considered it an underdeveloped topic in literary studies. This survey article argues that the last 10 years that have seen marked growth in literary‐critical interest in the state form of government. It explains this growth as a product of two, apparently contradictory, historical phenomena: (i) the way that government responses to political violence (especially after the 9/11 attacks) have demonstrated the awesome power of the state; and (ii) the way that, under the aegis of neoliberal economic policy, the long‐standing welfare and regulatory functions of the state have been eroded. These historical patterns have given rise to two strands of critical discourse, which the article describes as the ‘critique of sovereignty’ (i.e., the inherently coercive nature of state power) and the ‘defense of social citizenship’ (i.e., the right to welfare services). The article describes these trends and exemplifies them by reference to recent books and articles in literary theory and criticism; it also demonstrates their consequences for literary interpretation through illustrative readings of fiction by J. M. Coetzee, James Kelman, Louise Dean, and Hari Kunzru. It concludes by pointing out the contradictory nature of state power at the present time, where the state’s resort to sovereign violence is (at least in part) a response to the loss of the legitimating power of its welfare function. For this reason, the critique of sovereignty and the defense of social citizenship should be seen as distinct responses to the same historical situation.
Definition of the residues required for the interaction between glycine‐extended gastrin and transferrin in vitro
Authors: Kovac Suzana , Ferrand Audrey , Estève Jean‐Pierre , Mason Anne B. , Baldwin Graham S. 
Published: July 2009

Transferrin is the main iron transport protein found in the circulation, and the level of transferrin saturation in the blood is an important indicator of iron status. The peptides amidated gastrin(17) (Gamide) and glycine‐extended gastrin(17) (Ggly) are well known for their roles in controlling acid secretion and as growth factors in the gastrointestinal tract. Several lines of evidence, including the facts that transferrin binds gastrin, that gastrins bind ferric ions, and that the level of expression of gastrins positively correlates with transferrin saturation, suggest the possible involvement of the transferrin–gastrin interaction in iron homeostasis. In the present work, the interaction between gastrins and transferrin has been characterized by surface plasmon resonance and covalent crosslinking. First, an interaction between iron‐free apo‐transferrin and Gamide or Ggly was observed. The fact that no interaction was observed in the presence of the chelator EDTA suggested that the gastrin–ferric ion complex was the interacting species. Moreover, removal of ferric ions with EDTA reduced the stability of the complex between apo‐transferrin and gastrins, and no interaction was observed between Gamide or Ggly and diferric transferrin. Second, some or all of glutamates at positions 8–10 of the Ggly molecule, together with the C‐terminal domain, were necessary for the interaction with apo‐transferrin. Third, monoferric transferrin mutants incapable of binding iron in either the N‐terminal or C‐terminal lobe still bound Ggly. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that gastrin peptides bind to nonligand residues within the open cleft in each lobe of transferrin and are involved in iron loading of transferrin in vivo.Structured digital abstract
MINT‐7212832, MINT‐7212849: Apo‐transferrin (uniprotkb:P02787) and Gamide (uniprotkb:P01350) bind (MI:0407) by surface plasmon resonance (MI:0107)
MINT‐7212881, MINT‐7212909: Ggly (uniprotkb:P01350) and Apo‐transferrin (uniprotkb:P02787) bind (MI:0407) by cross‐linking studies (MI:0030)
MINT‐7212864: Apo‐transferrin (uniprotkb:P02787) and Ggly (uniprotkb:P01350) bind (MI:0407) by competition binding (MI:0405)
THE REVENGE OF THE TRAIL SMELTER: ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AS EXPROPRIATION PURSUANT TO THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT
Authors: Dhooge Lucien J. 
Published: July 2009

[N]o state has the right to use or permit the use of its territory in such a manner as to cause injury … in the territory of another or the properties or persons therein, when the case is of serious consequence and the injury is established by clear and convincing evidence.1 Under the polluter pays principle, the community effectively “owns” the environment, and forces users to pay for damages they impose. By contrast, if the community must pay the polluter, the implicit message is that the polluter owns the environment and can use and pollute it with impunity.

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Survey of Renal Transplantation in Slovenia
Authors: Kandus Aljoša , Arnol Miha , Bren Andrej F 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis brief survey presents data on renal transplantation in Slovenia, a country with a population of 2 million, which has one renal transplant center. The establishment of an appropriate national transplantation organization resulted in an increase in transplantations and the acceptance of Slovenia into Eurotransplant (ET) at the beginning of 2000. Current immunosuppression is composed of cyclosporine microemulsion (Neoral), mycophenolate mofetil, methylprednisolone, and anti‐interleukin‐2 receptor monoclonal antibodies. By the end of 2008, 766 renal transplantations had been performed, and from 1970 to 2007, 125 patients had been transplanted from living related donors. From 1986 to 1999, 239 patients received renal grafts from deceased donors. From 2000 to 2008, 402 patients were transplanted from deceased donors. In 2004, 55 renal transplantations were done. Two hundred and twenty‐eight (56.7%) renal grafts were shipped from other ET countries. The HLA‐antigen mismatch of 2.7 ± 1.1 was not significantly different to that before 2000. From 2000 to 2008, the one‐ and five‐year patient survival rates were 98.2% and 95.2%, respectively. The concomitant graft survival rates were 94.4% and 90.9%, respectively. In the ET era, the number of deceased donor renal transplants per year was 2.6 times higher than in the 14 years before. In 2004 we reached the average number of deceased donor renal transplants per million population of ET. Short‐ and medium‐term results of the last nine‐year period have been very good and entirely comparable to those in large reports.
Expansion of Blood Volume Increases the Primary Patency Rate of Arteriovenous Fistulas for Hemodialysis in Patients With Critical Arterial Quality
Authors: Malovrh Marko 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe aim of our prospective study was to find out if the expansion of blood volume can improve early arteriovenous fistula (AVF) function after construction in patients with marginal vessel quality. Before AVF construction, the arteries of the upper arm were examined by duplex sonography. Patients with critical values of internal artery diameter (IDA) <1.6 mm, resistance index (RI) at reactive hyperemia (RH) >0.7 and feeding artery blood flow (ABF) <24 mL/min were divided into two groups by random sampling. One group received plasma expander (hydroxyethyl starch) during surgery and the other did not. During the surgical procedures to construct 43 AVFs in 37 patients with critical artery quality, the patients received a mean volume of 720 mL (range 320–1000 mL) of plasma expander. The primary patency rate in this group was 86% (37/43). In the other group of 37 patients with critical artery quality, 42 AVFs were constructed and no plasma expander was given during surgery. The primary patency rate was 26.2% (11/42, P > 0.001). The two‐year survival of the AVF in the group given plasma expander was 66.3%, and in the other group it was 13.3%. In our study, the infusion of plasma expander in patients with critical artery quality increased the primary patency rate after AVF construction. Based on the morphological and functional characteristics of arteries determined by pre‐operative duplex sonography, the need for blood volume expansion could be predicted.
GAMMA IRRADIATION ON FROZEN AND PACKAGED HEADED SHRIMP
Authors: ABREU V.K.G. , ZAPATA J.F.F. , FIGUEIREDO E.A.T. , GARRUTI D.S. , FREITAS E.R. , PEREIRA A.L.F. , BRAGA A.R.C. 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of γ irradiation (0, 2, 4 and 6 kGy doses), applied on frozen and packaged headed shrimps, on pathogenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and Salmonella enteritidis bacteria, as well as on some of the physical and sensory characteristics of this kind of food. The 6 kGy dose was highly efficient in inhibiting V. cholerae O1 and S. enteritidis and in decreasing lipid oxidation in shrimps compared with the nonirradiated product. Shrimp texture was not affected by any of the irradiation doses studied, but the lightness of the surface color increased in shrimps irradiated with 6 kGy compared with those irradiated with 2 kGy. Shrimps irradiated with 6 kGy showed lower overall acceptability than those irradiated with 2 kGy or were nonirradiated. The application of γ irradiation in doses up to 6 kGy on frozen and packaged headed shrimps could improve the microbiological quality of this commodity.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe use of γ irradiation has the potential to ensure safety effectively by inactivating bacteria, increasing shelf life and maintaining food quality without significant chemical changes in the food matrix. Besides, this process can be applied to frozen and packaged products. Thus, irradiation of frozen and packaged shrimps could benefit the local processing industry, which could offer the international market a high‐quality product, with an additional safety treatment.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Is fishing selective for physiological and energetic characteristics in migratory adult sockeye salmon?
Authors: Cooke Steven J. , Donaldson Michael R. , Hinch Scott G. , Crossin Glenn T. , Patterson David A. , Hanson Kyle C. , English Karl K. , Shrimpton J. Mark , Farrell Anthony P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThere is extensive evidence that fishing is often selective for specific phenotypic characteristics, and that selective harvest can thus result in genotypic change. To date, however, there are no studies that evaluate whether fishing is selective for certain physiological or energetic characteristics that may influence fish behaviour and thus vulnerability to capture. Here, adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were used as a model to test the null hypothesis that fishing is not selective for specific physiological or energetic traits. Fish were intercepted during their spawning migrations, implanted with a gastric radio transmitter, and biopsied (i.e., non‐lethally sampled for blood, gill tissue and quantification of energetic status). In both 2003 and 2006, we tagged and biopsied 301 and 770 sockeye salmon, respectively, in the marine environment en route to their natal river system to spawn. In 2006 an additional 378 individuals were tagged and biopsied in freshwater. We found that 23 (7.6%) of the marine fish tagged in 2003, 78 (10.1%) of the marine fish tagged in 2006 and 57 (15.1%) of the freshwater fish tagged in 2006 were harvested by one of three fisheries sectors that operate in the coastal marine environment and the Fraser River (i.e. commercial, recreational or First Nations fisheries between the site of release and Hell’s Gate in the Fraser River, approximately 250 km upriver and 465 km from the ocean tagging site). However, fisheries were not open continually or consistently in different locations and for different fisheries sectors necessitating a paired analytical approach. As such, for statistical analyses we paired individual fish that were harvested with another fish of the same genetic stock that was released on the same date and exhibited similar migration behaviour, except that they successfully evaded capture and reached natal spawning grounds. Using two‐tailed Wilcoxon matched pairs signed‐rank tests, we revealed that the physiological and energetic characteristics of harvested fish did not differ from those of the successful migrants despite evaluating a number of biochemical (e.g. plasma metabolites, cortisol, plasma ions, gill Na+/K+‐ATPase) and energetic (e.g. gross somatic energy density) variables (P’s all >0.10). However, for some analyses we suffered low statistical power and the study design had several shortcomings that could have made detection of differences difficult. We suggest that additional research explore the concept of fishing‐induced selection for physiological characteristics because physiology is closely linked to three traits where fisheries‐induced selection does occur (i.e. life‐history, behaviour and morphology).
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Life‐history traits and energetic status in relation to vulnerability to angling in an experimentally selected teleost fish
Authors: Redpath Tara D. , Cooke Steven J. , Arlinghaus Robert , Wahl David H. , Philipp David P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn recreational fisheries, a correlation has been established between fishing‐induced selection pressures and the metabolic traits of individual fish. This study used a population of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) with lines of low vulnerability fish (LVF) and high vulnerability fish (HVF) that were previously established through artificial truncation selection experiments. The main objective was to evaluate if differential vulnerability to angling was correlated with growth, energetics and nutritional condition during the sub‐adult stage. Absolute growth rate was found to be between 9% and 17% higher for LVF compared with HVF over a 6‐month period in three experimental ponds. The gonadosomatic index in females was lower for LVF compared with HVF in one experimental pond. No significant differences in energy stores (measured using body constituent analysis) were observed between LVF and HVF. In addition, both groups were consuming the same prey items as evidenced by stomach content analysis. The inherent reasons behind differential vulnerability to angling are complex, and selection for these opposing phenotypes appears to select for differing growth rates, although the driving factors remain unclear. These traits are important from a life‐history perspective, and alterations to their frequency as a result of fishing‐induced selection could alter fish population structure. These findings further emphasize the need to incorporate evolutionary principles into fisheries management activities.
PERSPECTIVE: The role of experiments in understanding fishery‐induced evolution
Authors: Conover David O. , Baumann Hannes 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEvidence of fishery‐induced evolution has been accumulating rapidly from various avenues of investigation. Here we review the knowledge gained from experimental approaches. The strength of experiments is in their ability to disentangle genetic from environmental differences. Common garden experiments have provided direct evidence of adaptive divergence in the wild and therefore the evolvability of various traits that influence production in numerous species. Most of these cases involve countergradient variation in physiological, life history, and behavioral traits. Selection experiments have provided examples of rapid life history evolution and, more importantly, that fishery‐induced selection pressures cause simultaneous divergence of not one but a cluster of genetically and phenotypically correlated traits that include physiology, behavior, reproduction, and other life history characters. The drawbacks of experiments are uncertainties in the scale‐up from small, simple environments to larger and more complex systems; the concern that taxons with short life cycles used for experimental research are atypical of those of harvested species; and the difficulty of adequately simulating selection due to fishing. Despite these limitations, experiments have contributed greatly to our understanding of fishery‐induced evolution on both empirical and theoretical levels. Future advances will depend on integrating knowledge from experiments with those from modeling, field studies, and molecular genetic approaches.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Quantifying selection differentials caused by recreational fishing: development of modeling framework and application to reproductive investment in pike (Esox lucius)
Authors: Arlinghaus Robert , Matsumura Shuichi , Dieckmann Ulf 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMethods for quantifying selection pressures on adaptive traits affected by size‐selective fishing are still scarce, and none have as yet been developed for recreational fishing. We present an ecologically realistic age‐structured model specifically tailored to recreational fishing that allows estimating selection differentials on adaptive life‐history traits. The model accounts for multiple ecological feedbacks, which result in density‐dependent and frequency‐dependent selection. We study selection differentials on annual reproductive investment under size‐selective exploitation in a highly demanded freshwater recreational fish species, northern pike (Esox lucius L.). We find that recreational angling mortality exerts positive selection differentials on annual reproductive investment, in agreement with predictions from life‐history theory. The strength of selection increases with the intensity of harvesting. We also find that selection on reproductive investment can be reduced by implementing simple harvest regulations such as minimum‐size limits. The general, yet computationally simple, methods introduced here allow evaluating and comparing selection pressures on adaptive traits in other fish populations and species, and thus have the potential to become a tool for evolutionary impact assessment of harvesting.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Eco‐genetic model to explore fishing‐induced ecological and evolutionary effects on growth and maturation schedules
Authors: Wang Hui‐Yu , Höök Tomas O. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEco‐genetic individual‐based models involve tracking the ecological dynamics of simulated individual organisms that are in part characterized by heritable parameters. We developed an eco‐genetic individual‐based model to explore ecological and evolutionary interactions of fish growth and maturation schedules. Our model is flexible and allows for exploration of the effects of heritable growth rates (based on von Bertalanffy and biphasic growth patterns), heritable maturation schedules (based on maturation reaction norm concepts), or both on individual‐ and population‐level traits. In baseline simulations with rather simple ecological trade‐offs and over a relatively short time period (<200 simulation years), simulated male and female fish evolve differential genetic growth and maturation. Further, resulting patterns of genetically determined growth and maturation are influenced by mortality rate and density‐dependent processes, and maturation and growth parameters interact to mediate the evolution of one another. Subsequent to baseline simulations, we conducted experimental simulations to mimic fisheries harvest with two size‐limits (targeting large or small fish), an array of fishing mortality rates, and assuming a deterministic or stochastic environment. Our results suggest that fishing with either size‐limit may induce considerable changes in life‐history trait expression (maturation schedules and growth rates), recruitment, and population abundance and structure. However, targeting large fish would cause more adverse genetic effects and may lead to a population less resilient to environmental stochasticity.