bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell‐free expression of disulfide‐containing eukaryotic proteins for structural biology
Authors: Michel Erich , Wüthrich Kurt 
Published: July 2012

We describe Escherichia coli based cell‐free production of milligram quantities of eukaryotic proteins containing native disulfide bonds. Using a previously described expression system, we systematically investigated the influence of redox potential variation in the reaction mixture and the impact of adding disulfide bond catalysts on soluble protein production. It is then shown that the optimized reaction conditions for native disulfide bond formation can be combined with the use of N‐terminal fusion constructs with the GB1 domain for increased expression yields. The resulting cell‐free system is suitable for stable‐isotope labeling and does not require chemical pretreatment of the cell extract to stabilize the redox potential. For the human doppel protein, the mouse doppel protein and mouse interleukin‐22 we obtained 0.3–0.7 mg of purified native protein per milliliter of reaction mixture. Formation of disulfide bonds was validated using the Ellman assay, and native folding of the three proteins was monitored by NMR and CD spectroscopy.Structured digital abstract
mIL22 and mIL22 bind by nuclear magnetic resonance (View interaction)
PERSPECTIVES ON PARENTING COORDINATION: VIEWS OF PARENTING COORDINATORS, ATTORNEYS, AND JUDICIARY MEMBERS
Authors: Fieldstone Linda , Lee Mackenzie C. , Baker Jason K. , McHale James P. 
Published: July 2012

Because the development of effective parenting coordination depends upon a sound relationship with the court, this study examined attitudes and expectations toward the parenting coordination process held by judiciary members, attorneys, and parenting coordinators. Respondents from the 11th Judicial Circuit of Florida reported anonymously on background demographics and prior personal experience with and attitudes toward the process. Overall, respondents reported favorable views toward parenting coordination; analyses also provided initial insights into potential interdisciplinary differences in views among members of the three important constituencies. Results may be helpful in informing training processes, shaping conversations about legislation, and guiding the administration of parenting coordination through court programs.Key Points for the Family Court Community:
This article will inform parenting coordination program developers of the expectations and attitudes of judiciary and attorneys toward the parenting coordination process in order to build in safeguards that may enhance the success of the program.
This article will inform the development of prospective legislation on parenting coordination so that the outcomes also meet the expectations of the court and legal communities.
Readers will be able to identify behaviors of parenting coordinators, attorneys, and judges that may enhance the parenting coordination process.
This article will inform parenting coordination trainers of necessary components to be included in their educational programs of the roles and functions of parenting coordinators and the limitations of any statutory or rule provisions, so that the expectations of attorneys and judges are realistic.
This article will inform parenting coordinators about the attitudes and possible unrealistic expectations of judges and attorneys in order to anticipate and manage ethical dilemmas in the parenting coordination process.
Readers will be able to identify the positive outcomes of parenting coordination perceived by judges, attorneys, and parenting coordinators and to consider improvements to the process.
EDUCATION WELL‐BEING: COURT OUTCOME MEASURES FOR CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE
Authors: Sydow Nora E. , Flango Victor E. 
Published: July 2012

Courts, child welfare agencies, and schools are all important to the achievement of safety, permanency, and well‐being for children in foster care. Although safety and permanency performance measures have been established, tested, and implemented, the development of court‐related well‐being measures have not. This article describes the initial effort to establish a set of educational well‐being measures to track success in improving educational outcomes for children in foster care.Key Points for the Family Court Community:
This article provides insights to assist children in care achieve successful educational outcomes—a key to becoming self‐sufficient, productive adults.
These newly developed education performance measures provide courts with a tool to measure the educational outcomes for children and youth under its jurisdiction.
Trophic Niche Differentiation and Microhabitat Utilization in a Species‐rich Montane Forest Small Mammal Community of Eastern Madagascar
Authors: Dammhahn Melanie , Soarimalala Voahangy , Goodman Steven M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUnraveling the mechanisms facilitating species coexistence in communities is a central theme in ecology. Species‐rich tropical mammal communities provide excellent settings to explore such mechanisms as they often harbor numerous congeneric species with close phylogenetic relationships. Explicit tests for the mechanisms that allow syntopic occurrence in these assemblages, however, is often hampered because of the difficulty in obtaining detailed ecological data on the organisms making up the community. Using stable nitrogen and carbon ratios of hair samples, we examine whether trophic niche differentiation and microhabitat segregation explain the coexistence of 21 small mammal species at a montane humid forest site in eastern Madagascar. Overall, the community was trophically diverse and covered wide isotopic space. This diversity was based on: (1) a multi‐layered trophic community structure with mainly frugivorous‐granivorous rodents (subfamily Nesomyinae) as primary consumers and insectivorous tenrecs (family Tenrecidae) as secondary and tertiary consumers; (2) trophic segregation of rodents and tenrecs with the latter occupying different microhabitats; and (3) a dense and regular packing of species in the community. The 12 locally occurring
Microgale shrew tenrecs (subfamily Oryzorictinae) showed high trophic redundancy, but were maximally spaced from each other within the trophic space covered by the genus. Results of stable isotope analysis suggest that in combination the differentiation of microhabitats and trophic niches explain the coexistence of small mammals in this community. Congeneric species appeared to be under more intense competition compared with non‐congeneric species and their coexistence can only partly be explained by trophic and microhabitat niche segregation.
Evidence of strong quasar feedback in the early Universe
Authors: Maiolino R. , Gallerani S. , Neri R. , Cicone C. , Ferrara A. , Genzel R. , Lutz D. , Sturm E. , Tacconi L. J. , Walter F. , Feruglio C. , Fiore F. , Piconcelli E. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Most theoretical models invoke quasar-driven outflows to quench star formation in massive galaxies, and this feedback mechanism is required to account for the population of old and passive galaxies observed in the local Universe. The discovery of massive, old and passive galaxies at z ∼ 2 implies that such quasar feedback on to the host galaxy must have been at work very early on, close to the reionization epoch. We have observed the [C ii] 158 μm transition in SDSS J114816.64+525150.3, which, at z = 6.4189, is one of the most distant quasars known. We detect broad wings of the line tracing a quasar-driven massive outflow. This is the most distant massive outflow ever detected and is likely tracing the long-sought quasar feedback, already at work in the early Universe. The outflow is marginally resolved on scales of ∼16 kpc, implying that the outflow can really affect the whole galaxy, as required by quasar feedback models. The inferred outflow rate, Ṁ &gt; 3500 M⊙ yr−1, is the highest ever found. At this rate, the outflow can clean the gas in the host galaxy, and therefore quench star formation, in a few million years.
Repeated call types in short‐finned pilot whales, Globicephala macrorhynchus
Authors: Sayigh Laela , Quick Nicola , Hastie Gordon , Tyack Peter 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFour short‐finned pilot whales, Globicephala macrorhynchus, were tagged with digital acoustic recording tags (DTAGs) for a total of 30 h in the Bahamas during 2007. Spectrograms were made of all audible sounds, which were independently categorized by three observers. Of 4,098 calls, 1,737 (42%) were placed into 173 call types, which were defined as calls that occurred more than once. Of the 173 call types, 51 contained at least 10 calls (= 24), and were termed predominant call types (PCTs), which comprised 1,219 (70%) of categorized calls. PCTs tended to occur in sequences of the same call, which appeared to be produced by a single animal. However, matching interactions consisting of adjacent or overlapping calls of the same type were also observed, and some call types were recorded on more than one tag, suggesting that at least some calls are shared by members of a group or subgroup. These results emphasize the importance of categorizing calls before attempting to draw conclusions about call usage and possible effects of noise on vocal behavior.
Response of southern right whales to simulated swim‐with‐whale tourism at Península Valdés, Argentina
Authors: Lundquist David , Sironi Mariano , Würsig Bernd , Rowntree Victoria , Martino Julieta , Lundquist Lesley 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGuidelines for sustainable tourism involving swimming with large whales are not well‐developed compared to those focused on programs of swimming with delphinids. From September to November 2005 and August to September 2006, we collected behavioral and movement data for southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) exposed to interactions with boats and swimmers at Península Valdés, Argentina. Whales were tracked from shore using a theodolite before, during, and after a series of directed interactions with swimmers and a boat. Resting, socializing, and surface active behavior decreased, traveling increased, and whales swam faster and reoriented more often during interactions. Responses were variable by age/sex class, with mother/calf pairs showing strongest responses. Increased levels of tourism activity are a concern, as reduction in resting time and disruption of socialization among adults, juveniles, and mother/calf pairs have unknown long‐term consequences. Additional data should be collected for whale behavior in proposed tourism and nontourism areas to build a long‐term database which can be used to determine if reactions of whales change over time. Our data suggest that swimming with whales in Chubut Province should not be legalized until further investigations are completed, especially in light of the recent southern right whale die‐offs recorded in Península Valdés.
Diuretics for Hypertension—Reasons for a Contradiction in Primary Care Prescribing Behavior: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lamers Henrik , Joos Stefanie , Goetz Katja , Hermann Katja , Szecsenyi Joachim , Kühlein Thomas 
Published: July 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:680–685 ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.There has been a long international discussion on diuretics as first‐line therapy for hypertension. In Germany, thiazide diuretics are very rarely prescribed in monotherapy and concurrently highly prescribed in fixed‐combinations. The aim of this study was to approach the reasons for this inconsistency in primary care prescribing behavior. A qualitative study design consisting of single interviews with general practitioners (GPs) was chosen. Most GPs perceived diuretics as too weak to treat arterial hypertension effectively in monotherapy. In combination therapy, GPs expected to spare the dose and to offset certain side effects of other drugs. The convenient availability of diuretics in most fixed‐dose combinations on the German drug market was seen as an important reason for their frequent prescription in combination therapy. Thus, the reasons given by the GPs differed from the main arguments of the academic debate. Dissemination strategies for guidelines should take the perceptions and opinions of practicing GPs into account.
Complications of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: Our local experience
Authors: Low Vincent HS , Tan Jeremy , Lu Joy 
Published: July 2012

SummaryObesity is a major medical problem both within Australia as well as throughout the developed world. Achievement of weight loss for any individual patient brings an additional desirable benefit of improvement or resolution of a wide range of comorbid conditions.Bariatrics is the branch of medicine that deals with the causes, prevention and treatment of obesity and allied diseases. The term bariatrics was created around 1965, from the Greek root baro (‘weight’ as in barometer), suffix ‐iatr (relating to medical treatment) and suffix ‐ic (‘pertaining to’). Besides the pharmacotherapy of obesity, it is concerned with obesity surgery. Bariatric surgery refers to surgical procedures of the gastrointestinal tract that are designed to induce weight loss.The treatment of obesity traditionally relied on non‐surgical techniques to modify behaviour in regard to diet and exercise. This has variable and limited success. More recently, bariatric surgery has become the most rapidly growing form of treatment for obesity in recent years. In fact, it is the only current therapy that has been shown to achieve major and durable weight loss.It is important for the radiologist to be familiar with the normal anatomical appearance of the more common bariatric operations and to be able to recognise their potential complications on imaging. The aim of this pictorial essay is to give an insight into some of the more common complications of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery encountered in our centre during the period of 2001–2007.
How effective are the sustainability criteria accompanying the European Union 2020 biofuel targets?
Authors: Frank Stefan , Böttcher Hannes , Havlík Petr , Valin Hugo , Mosnier Aline , Obersteiner Michael , Schmid Erwin , Elbersen Berien 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe expansion of biofuel production can lead to an array of negative environmental impacts. Therefore, the European Union (EU) has recently imposed sustainability criteria on biofuel production in the Renewable Energy Directive (RED). In this article, we analyse the effectiveness of the sustainability criteria for climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation. We first use a global agriculture and forestry model to investigate environmental effects of the EU member states National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAPs) without sustainability criteria. We conclude that these targets would drive losses of 2.2 Mha of highly biodiverse areas and generate 95 Mt CO
2 eq of additional greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, in a second step, we demonstrate that the EU biofuel demand could be satisfied ‘sustainably’ according to RED despite its negative environmental effects. This is because the majority of global crop production is produced ‘sustainably’ in the sense of RED and can provide more than 10 times the total European biofuel demand in 2020 if reallocated from sectors without sustainability criteria. This finding points to a potential policy failure of applying sustainability regulation to a single sector in a single region. To be effective this policy needs to be more complete in targeting a wider scope of agricultural commodities and more comprehensive in its membership of countries.
Optimal Design of a
4-DOF SCARA Type Parallel Robot Using Dynamic Performance Indices and Angular
Constraints
Authors: Liu Songtao , Huang Tian , Mei Jiangping , Zhao Xueman , Wang Panfeng , Chetwynd Derek G. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
This paper deals with the optimal design of a 4-DOF SCARA type (three translations and one rotation) parallel robot using dynamic performance indices and angular constraints within and amongst limbs. The architecture of the robot is briefly addressed with emphasis on the mechanical realization of the articulated traveling plate for achieving a lightweight yet rigid design. On the basis of the kinematic singularity analysis, two types of transmission angle constraints are considered to ensure the kinematic performance. A simplified model of rigid body dynamics is then formulated, with which two global dynamic performance indices are proposed for minimization by taking into account both inertial and centrifugal/Coriolis effects. In addition, the servomotor specifications are estimated using the Extended Adept Cycle. The proposed approach has successfully been employed to develop a prototype machine.
HARVESTING IP-BASED VALUE POTENTIAL: THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY SCORECARD AS A MECHANISM TO CAPITALIZE ON TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, KNOWLEDGE, AND IP
Authors: KHOTA IRFAAN , PRETORIUS LEON 
Published: July 2012

There is a staggering decline in the capitalization of intellectual property (IP) and low levels of investment in R&D, particularly with respect to emerging nations within the global IP environment, which limits accelerated industrial growth. In most emerging markets, this necessitates that management address multiple competencies better, that exploit organizational resources, knowledge, and management ability, to adapt faster than the competition. Our research offers a management model to address this management challenge strategically. This research also indicates that IP as a value creation mechanism is currently not a top management priority although investors increasingly look toward good IP management as an indicator of future organizational growth. The research presents the IP Scorecard, a further inductive development of Kaplan and Norton's traditional Balanced Scorecard. The IP Scorecard is a strategic management tool that enables management to drive a robust industrial growth strategy that is explicitly positioned within the knowledge economy, identifying target areas for organizational development around knowledge and IP management, in order to achieve the competitive higher-ground, by strategically creating and capitalizing on value arising from innovation and R&D activities. The IP Scorecard sensitizes management on where and how to carve out competitive turf, particularly from a knowledge and IP value creation perspective, seeking ultimately to enhance corporate/shareholder and product-life-cycle value. The paper encompasses limited field research findings on key IP-related strategic management considerations that promote leadership in innovation and R&D, across the product life cycle.
Corticospinal tract integrity and motor function following neonatal stroke: a case study
Authors: Gordon Anne L , Wood Amanda , Tournier Jacques Donald , Hunt Rod W 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
New MRI techniques enable visualisation of corticospinal tracts and cortical motor activity. The objective of this case study was to describe the magnetic resonance evidence of corticospinal pathway reorganisation following neonatal stroke.

Case presentation
An 11 year old boy with a neonatal right middle cerebral artery territory ischaemic stroke was studied. Functional MRI was undertaken with a whole hand squeezing task, comparing areas of cortical activation between hands. White matter tracts, seeded from the area of peak activation in the cortex, were visualised using a diffusion weighted imaging probabilistic tractography method. Standardised evaluations of unilateral and bilateral motor function were undertaken. Clinically, the child presented with a left hemiparesis. Functional MRI demonstrated that movement of the hemiparetic hand resulted in activation in the ipsi-lesional (right) hemisphere only. Diffusion tractography revealed pathways in the right (lesioned) hemisphere tracked perilesionally to the cortical area identified by functional MRI.

Conclusion
Our case demonstrates that neonatal stroke is associated with maintenance of organization of corticospinal pathways sufficient to maintain some degree of hand function in the affected hemisphere. Functional MRI and diffusion weighted imaging tractography may inform our understanding of recovery, organisation and reorganisation and have the potential to monitor responses to intervention following neonatal stroke.
Wyner–Ziv to Baseline H.264 Video Transcoder
Authors: Corrales-García Alberto , Martínez Jose Luis , Fernández-Escribano Gerardo , Villalon Jose Miguel , Kalva Hari , Cuenca Pedro 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Mobile-to-mobile video communications is one of the most requested services which operator networks can offer. However, in a framework where one mobile device sends video information to another, both transmitter and receptor should employ video encoders and decoders with low complexity. On the one hand, traditional video codecs, such as H.264, are based on architectures which have encoders with higher complexity than decoders. On the other hand, Wyner–Ziv (WZ) video coding (a particular case of distributed video coding) is an innovative paradigm, which provides encoders with less complexity than decoders. Taking advantage of both paradigms, in terms of low complexity algorithms, a suitable solution consists in transcoding from WZ to H.264. Nevertheless, the transcoding process should be carried out in an efficient way so as to avoid major delays in communication; in other words, the transcoding process should perform the conversion without requiring the complete process of decoding and re-encoding. Based on all the algorithms and techniques we have proposed before, a low complexity WZ to H.264 Transcoder for the Baseline Profile is proposed in this article. Firstly, the proposed transcoder can efficiently turn every WZ group of pictures into the common H.264 I11P pattern and, secondly, the proposed transcoder is based on the hypothesis that macroblock coding mode decisions in H.264 video have a high correlation with the distribution of the side information residual in WZ video. The proposed algorithm selects one sub-set of the several coding modes in H.264. Moreover, a dynamic motion estimation technique is proposed in this article for use in combination with the above algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed transcoder reduces the inter prediction complexity in H.264 by up to 93%, while maintaining coding efficiency.