bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating body volumes and surface areas of animals from cross-sections
Authors: Zhao Ruizhe Jackevan 
Published: May 2024

Background
Body mass and surface area are among the most important biological properties, but such information is lacking for some extant organisms and most extinct species. Numerous methods have been developed for body size estimation of animals for this reason. There are two main categories of mass-estimating approaches: extant-scaling approaches and volumetric-density approaches. Extant-scaling approaches determine the relationships between linear skeletal measurements and body mass using regression equations. Volumetric-density approaches, on the other hand, are all based on models. The models are of various types, including physical models, 2D images, and 3D virtual reconstructions. Once the models are constructed, their volumes are acquired using Archimedes’ Principle, math formulae, or 3D software. Then densities are assigned to convert volumes to masses. The acquisition of surface area is similar to volume estimation by changing math formulae or software commands. This article presents a new 2D volumetric-density approach called the cross-sectional method (CSM).

Methods
The CSM integrates biological cross-sections to estimate volume and surface area accurately. It requires a side view or dorsal/ventral view image, a series of cross-sectional silhouettes and some measurements to perform the calculation. To evaluate the performance of the CSM, two other 2D volumetric-density approaches (Graphic Double Integration (GDI) and Paleomass) are compared with it.

Results
The CSM produces very accurate results, with average error rates around 0.20% in volume and 1.21% in area respectively. It has higher accuracy than GDI or Paleomass in estimating the volumes and areas of irregular-shaped biological structures.

Discussion
Most previous 2D volumetric-density approaches assume an elliptical or superelliptical approximation of animal cross-sections. Such an approximation does not always have good performance. The CSM processes the true profiles directly rather than approximating and can deal with any shape. It can process objects that have gradually changing cross-sections. This study also suggests that more attention should be paid to the careful acquisition of cross-sections of animals in 2D volumetric-density approaches, otherwise serious errors may be introduced during the estimations. Combined with 2D modeling techniques, the CSM can be considered as an alternative to 3D modeling under certain conditions. It can reduce the complexity of making reconstructions while ensuring the reliability of the results.
Utilization of Parthenium Leaf Extract for the Effective Management of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)
Authors: Rajeev Megha V , Iyarin Thanka Mahil E  , Mohanapriya R  , Vishnuvardhan Reddy K  
Published: May 2024

Quick emergence of Cyperus create competition in the crop production which reduces the crop yield. Nowadays, the more importance is given to sustainable agriculture. Application of allelochemicals can control the Cyperus sustainably. With this notion, field experiment was conducted at The Indian Agriculture College, Radhapuram during summer 2023 to evaluate utilization of Parthenium leaf extract (PLE) for the effective management of Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). The experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design (CRD) having three replications and seven treatments viz., PLE @ 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, PLE @ 10% + Glyphosate @ 1.5%, Glyphosate @ 1.5% alone and Control. Application of PLE @ 11% on 3, 10 and 20 DAP, significantly reduces the Cyperus rotundus germination percentage, dry weight, Vigour Index, total Cyperus length, tuber weight, moisture content, chlorophyll content and also improved the Cyperus control efficiency due to the presence of allelochemicals.
Analysis of the Functional Kinetic Performance of Mmii of a Group of Amateur Runners from the Municipality of Gurupi, Brazil
Authors: Guimarães Eloisa Steffany Deodato de Souza , Silva Tatiane Rodrigues Milhomem , Araujo Warly Neves de , Alves Rafaela de Carvalho , Takada Jacqueline Aparecida Philipino , Pereira Adelma Martins , Ribeiro Myllena da Silva , Sales Marcella Soares Carreiro 
Published: May 2024

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional kinetic performance of a group of amateur runners from the municipality of Gurupi-To through the application of the passive stiffness test of the lateral rotators of the hip, Y Balance Test, dorsiflexion lunge test, Navilicular drop test, and sit-and-reach test (Wells bank test).
Study Design: This was a cross-sectional, quantitative field research.
Place and Duration of Study: Data collection was carried out from February 2024 to March 2024.
Methodology: The research was carried out at the Clinical School of Physiotherapy of the University of Gurupi (UnirG) in the municipality of Gurupi with amateur runners associated with Tonello Assessorial Sportive.
Results: The research revealed that the sample presents a balance deficit in the lower limbs, bilateral hypomobility of the ankle, low flexibility of the posterior chain, overweight and obesity, preserved hip and ankle mobility and physiological plantar arch for normality.
Conclusion: Therefore, overweight and low scores in injury incidence tests in the group of runners.
Physicochemically Stable Polymer‐Coupled Oxide Dielectrics for Multipurpose Organic Electronic Applications
Authors: Kim Se Hyun , Jang Mi , Yang Hoichang , Anthony John E. , Park Chan Eon 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA chemically coupled polymer layer is introduced onto inorganic oxide dielectrics from a dilute chlorosilane‐terminated polystyrene (PS) solution. As a result of this surface modification, hydrophilic‐oxide dielectrics gain hydrophobic, physicochemically stable properties. On such PS‐coupled SiO2 or AlOx dielectrics, various vacuum‐ and solution‐processable organic semiconductors can develop highly ordered crystalline structures that provide higher field‐effect mobilities (μFETs) than other surface‐modified systems, and negligible hysteresis in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). In particular, the use of PS‐coupled AlOx nanodielectrics enables a solution‐processable triethylsilylethynyl anthradithiophene OFET to operate with μFET ∼ 1.26 cm2 V−1 s−1 at a gate voltage below –1 V. In addition, a complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor‐like organic inverter with a high voltage gain of approximately 32 was successfully fabricated on a PS‐coupled SiO2 dielectric.
Strain Anisotropies and Self‐Limiting Capacities in Single‐Crystalline 3D Silicon Microstructures: Models for High Energy Density Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Goldman Jason L. , Long Brandon R. , Gewirth Andrew A. , Nuzzo Ralph G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis study examines the crystallographic anisotropy of strain evolution in model, single‐crystalline silicon anode microstructures on electrochemical intercalation of lithium atoms. The 3D hierarchically patterned single‐ crystalline silicon microstructures used as model anodes were prepared using combined methods of photolithography and anisotropic dry and wet chemical etching. Silicon anodes, which possesses theoretically ten times the energy density by weight compared to conventional carbon anodes, reveal highly anisotropic but more importantly, variably recoverable crystallographic strains during cycling. Model strain‐limiting silicon anode architectures that mitigate these impacts are highlighted. By selecting a specific design for the silicon anode microstructure, and exploiting the crystallographic anisotropy of strain evolution upon lithium intercalation to control the direction of volumetric expansion, the volume available for expansion and thus the charging capacity of these structures can be broadly varied. We highlight exemplary design rules for this self‐strain‐limited charging in which an anode can be variably optimized between capacity and stability. Strain‐limited capacities ranging from 677 mAhg−1to 2833 mAhg−1were achieved by constraining the area available for volumetric expansion via the design rules of the microstructures.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Ammonia Adsorption Properties of Mesoporous Metal–Organic Framework (MIL(Fe))–Graphite Oxide Composites: Exploring the Limits of Materials Fabrication
Authors: Petit Camille , Bandosz Teresa J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractComposites of MIL‐100(Fe) and graphite oxide (GO) were prepared with various ratios of the two components and tested for ammonia removal in dynamic conditions. The initial and exhausted samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, thermal analysis, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the formation of well‐defined MIL‐100(Fe)/GO composites is not favored. This is linked to the specific geometry of MIL‐100(Fe). The attachment of the GO carbon layers to the spherical cages of MIL‐100(Fe) (via coordination between the oxygen groups of GO and the metallic sites of the metal–organic framework) prevents the proper formation of the MIL‐100(Fe) structure. Therefore, the composite with the highest GO content has a lower porosity and smaller ammonia adsorption capacity than those calculated for the physical mixture of MIL‐100(Fe) and GO. The main mechanism of ammonia retention is via Brönsted interactions between ammonia and the water molecules present in MIL‐100(Fe). Nevertheless, the presence of excess water in the system lowers the acidity of the MIL material, and consequently causes a decrease in the ammonia adsorption. The Lewis interactions between ammonia and the metal centers in MIL also take place during the adsorption process.
Mesoporous Structures Confined in Anodic Alumina Membranes
Authors: Platschek Barbara , Keilbach Andreas , Bein Thomas 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of nanoporous membranes based on different concepts and materials is a field of active research. This review focuses on the synthesis strategies, mesophase evolution mechanisms and potential applications of mesoporous materials confined within anodic alumina membranes (AAM). Following a rapid evolution of synthetic techniques, a significant number of different mesoporous materials (e.g., silica, titania, and carbon) with highly regular structures can now be prepared within these membranes. In recent years, efforts have also been made to understand the formation mechanisms of these hierarchical mesophases. The resulting organized nanoporous membranes open up a wide range of potential applications in fields such as templating oriented nanowires and controlled separation and release of molecules. For example, while various synthesis strategies can be used for the preparation of membrane‐embedded nanowires, the latter can also be obtained as isolated objects after dissolution of the alumina host matrix. The review also discusses issues such as control of structural defects or integrity of interfaces that should be addressed in future research in order to fully exploit the potential of these hierarchical mesoporous channel structures.
Effect of microwave processing on the spectral, mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of sustainable resource based castor oil Epoxy/PVA blends
Authors: Ahmad Sharif , PK Nijas , Riaz Ufana 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn recent years, the development of ecofriendly biodegradable packaging materials from natural polymers particularly agricultural products has received increasing attention in an attempt to substitute the existing nonbiodegradable petro‐based polymers. The need for new polymeric materials with tailored properties has driven the interest of industry and academia toward polymer blends. Vegetable oils are known to possess varying amounts of triglycerides having different unsaturation in their chains. Blending of commercial polymers with vegetable oil derived polymers is, therefore, expected to show synergetic behavior in terms of compatibility, physical, and mechanical characteristics with the latter. In an attempt to develop a biodegradable packaging material, blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and castor oil epoxy (COE) were synthesized in the weight ratios of 70/30, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60, and 30/70 by a microwave method. The effect of COE component as well as microwave irradiation on the compatibility and microstructural properties of the blends was investigated using spectral, viscometric, thermal, and morphological techniques. We observed tremendous improvement in mechanical properties after microwave irradiation for 120 s in COE/PVA 70/30 blend due to optimum cross‐linking through hydrogen bond formation among the blend components. These results were supported by the SEM as well the TEM data. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 30: 96–109, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20207
Two Iranian families with a novel mutation in GJB2 causing autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss
Authors: Bazazzadegan Niloofar , Sheffield Abraham M. , Sobhani Masoomeh , Kahrizi Kimia , Meyer Nicole C. , Van Camp Guy , Hilgert Nele , Abedini Seyedeh Sedigheh , Habibi Farkhondeh , Daneshi Ahmad , Nishimura Carla , Avenarius Matthew R. , Farhadi Mohammad , Smith Richard J.H. , Najmabadi Hossein 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMutations in GJB2, encoding connexin 26 (Cx26), cause both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) at the DFNA3 and DFNB1 loci, respectively. Most of the over 100 described GJB2 mutations cause ARNSHL. Only a minority has been associated with autosomal dominant hearing loss. In this study, we present two families with autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss caused by a novel mutation in GJB2 (p.Asp46Asn). Both families were ascertained from the same village in northern Iran consistent with a founder effect. This finding implicates the D46N missense mutation in Cx26 as a common cause of deafness in this part of Iran mandating mutation screening of GJB2 for D46N in all persons with hearing loss who originate from this geographic region. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive effects of cellular phones: A possible role of non‐radiofrequency radiation factors
Authors: Hareuveny Ronen , Eliyahu Ilan , Luria Roy , Meiran Nachshon , Margaliot Menachem 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSome studies found that cognitive functions of human beings may be altered while exposed to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted by cellular phones. In two recent studies, we have found that experiment duration and exposure side (i.e., phone's location—right or left) may have a major influence on the detection of such effects. In this brief follow‐up experiment, 29 right‐handed male subjects were divided into two groups. Each subject had two standard cellular phones attached to both sides of his head. The subjects performed a spatial working memory task that required either a left‐hand or a right‐hand response under one of the two exposure conditions: left side of the head or right side. Contrary to our previous studies, in this work external antennas located far away from the subjects were connected to the cellular phones. This setup prevents any emission of RFR from the internal antenna, thus drastically reducing RFR exposure. Despite that, the results remain similar to those obtained in our previous work. These results indicate that some of the effects previously attributed to RFR can be the result of some confounders. Bioelectromagnetics 32:585–588, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New insights on the roles of BMP signaling in bone—A review of recent mouse genetic studies
Authors: Kamiya Nobuhiro , Mishina Yuji 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIt is well known that Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) induce bone formation and that some BMPs, including BMP2 and BMP7, are clinically used in orthopedics. Signaling by BMPs plays an important role in a variety of cell‐types in bone such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts. It is recently reported using an osteoblast‐targeted deletion of BMP signaling that BMP signaling in osteoblasts physiologically induces bone resorption by enhancing osteoclastogenesis via the RANKL‐OPG pathway and reduces bone mass. In this review, The physiological function of BMP signaling in bone will be focused, and the current outcomes from mouse genetic studies will be discuss.
Absorption and metabolism of dietary carotenoids
Authors: Nagao Akihiko 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA number of carotenoids with diverse structures are present in foods and have beneficial effects on human health due to their common antioxidant activity and their respective biological activities. The major carotenoids found in human tissues, however, are limited to several including such as β‐carotene, lycopene, and lutein. We have little knowledge of whether carotenoids are selectively absorbed in intestine and metabolized discriminately in the body. Moreover, the metabolic transformation of carotenoids in mammals other than vitamin A formation has not been fully elucidated. Here, the intestinal absorption and oxidative metabolism of dietary carotenoids are reviewed with a focus on dietary xanthophylls.
Unerwünschte Besucher der Zellkultur
Authors: Schrödel Andrea 
Published: April 2011

AbstractZellkulturmedien stellen neben optimalen Bedingungen der für den Laborbedarf zu kultivierenden Zellen auch für Mikroorganismen ausgezeichnete Nährböden dar. Das unerwünschte Wachstum von Bakterien, Mykoplasmen, Pilzen und Hefen führt dazu, dass wichtige Nährstoffe der Kultur völlig verbraucht werden und durch die gebildeten Abfallprodukte die Kultur meist irreversibel geschädigt wird. Wenn man bedenkt, dass ein einziges Bakterium von einem Tag auf den anderen eine Kolonie von 100 Millionen Nachkommen hervorbringen kann und dass ein Schnapsglas voll Bakterien 30.000mal mehr Mikroorganismen enthalten würde, als auf der ganzen Welt Menschen leben, fragt sich so mancher, wie man diese mikrobielle Kontaminationsgefahr in den Griff bekommen soll.
Increase in future remnant liver function after preoperative portal vein embolization
Authors: de Graaf W , van Lienden K P , van den Esschert J W , Bennink R J , van Gulik T M 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) is performed in patients with insufficient future remnant liver (FRL) to allow safe resection. Although many studies have demonstrated an increase in FRL volume after PVE, little is known about the increase in FRL function. This study evaluated the increase in FRL function after PVE using 99mTc-labelled mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and compared this with the increase in FRL volume.

Methods
In 24 patients, computed tomography volumetry and 99mTc-labelled mebrofenin HBS with SPECT were performed before and 3–4 weeks after PVE to measure FRL volume, standardized FRL and FRL function. A hypothetical model was used to assess safe resectability after PVE. The limit for safe resection for FRL function was set at an uptake of 2·69 per cent per min per m2. For FRL volume and standardized FRL, 25 or 40 per cent of total liver volume was used, depending on the presence of underlying liver disease.

Results
After PVE, FRL function increased significantly more than FRL volume. The correlation between the increase in FRL volume and FRL function was poor. Using the hypothetical model, seven patients did not achieve a sufficient increase in FRL function to allow safe resection 3–4 weeks after PVE, compared with 12 and nine patients based on FRL volume and standardized FRL respectively.

Conclusion
The increase in FRL function after PVE is more pronounced than the increase in FRL volume, suggesting that the necessary waiting time until resection may be shorter than indicated by volumetric parameters.
Hypothermic machine perfusion after static cold storage does not improve the preservation condition in an experimental porcine kidney model
Authors: Hosgood S A , Mohamed I H , Bagul A , Nicholson M L 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Combining hypothermic techniques, as a more practical approach to preservation, may enhance the condition of kidneys donated after cardiac death.

Methods
Porcine kidneys were retrieved after 10 min in situ warm ischaemia, then preserved by either 18 h static cold storage (CS), hypothermic machine perfusion for 18 h (HMP) or 14 h static CS followed by 4 h HMP (4HMP). Kidneys were reperfused for 3 h with oxygenated autologous blood on an isolated organ perfusion system to assess renal function and injury.

Results
Intrarenal resistance was significantly higher in the 4HMP group than in the CS and HMP groups: mean(s.d.) area under the curve (AUC) 8·48(2·97), 3·41(1·80) and 3·78(1·68) mmHg/min.h respectively (P = 0·011). Creatinine clearance was lower after 4HMP and CS: AUC 2·3(0·6) and 2·2(1·7) ml per min per 100g.h respectively versus 9·8(7·3) ml per min per 100g.h in the HMP group (P = 0·022). Levels of endothelin 1 were higher in the 4HMP and CS groups: mean(s.d.) 21·6(4·0) and 24·2(2·3) pg/ml respectively versus 11·4(4·6) pg/ml in the HMP group (P = 0·002). Morphological damage was increased in the 4HMP group.

Conclusion
This porcine kidney study demonstrated no advantage to the addition of 4 h of HMP after CS.
Realistic, fast, and controllable simulation of solid combustion
Authors: Zhu Jian , Chang Yuanzhang , Wu Enhua 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe present a realistic, fast, and controllable model to simulate fire propagation on solid objects with the object decomposition process involved. A hybrid structure of grids is employed to simulate the whole process efficiently. An improved burning surface update scheme based on level set and a novel method for visualizing the burning surface are proposed to produce convincing results. To achieve interactive simulation speed, a few acceleration techniques are employed, including a moving grid generated to dynamically track the fire propagation, a refined Marching Cubes method to reconstruct the burning surface, and a hardware‐implemented fluid solver. By controlling a few physical and geometric parameters, we are able to simulate various solid combustion phenomena. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Easy acquisition and real‐time animation of facial wrinkles
Authors: Dutreve Ludovic , Meyer Alexandre , Bouakaz Sada 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFacial animation details like wrinkles or bulges are very useful for the analysis and the interpretation of facial emotions and expressions. However, outfitting a virtual face with expression details for real‐time applications is a difficult task. In this paper, we propose a mono‐camera acquisition technique of facial animation details and a technique which add a wrinkle map layer (fine‐scale animation) to a skinning layer (large‐scale animation) for real‐time rendering of a virtual 3D face. The acquisition is based on ratio image computed from two pictures of a same face, with and without expression. The real‐time dynamic wrinkles technique is based on a small set of reference poses. These two methods offer an easy and low‐cost way to capture facial animation details and use it for real‐time facial animation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.