bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NontypeableHaemophilus influenzaeProtein E Binds Vitronectin and Is Important for Serum Resistance
Authors: Hallström Teresia , Blom Anna M. , Zipfel Peter F. , Riesbeck Kristian 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) commonly causes local disease in the upper and lower respiratory tract and has recently been shown to interfere with both the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation. The terminal pathway of the complement system is regulated by vitronectin that is a component of both plasma and the extracellular matrix. In this study, we identify protein E (PE; 16 kDa), which is a recently characterized ubiquitous outer membrane protein, as a vitronectin-binding protein of NTHi. A PE-deficient NTHi mutant had a markedly reduced survival in serum compared with the PE-expressing isogenic NTHi wild type. Moreover, the PE-deficient mutant showed a significantly decreased binding to both soluble and immobilized vitronectin. In parallel, PE-expressing Escherichia coli bound soluble vitronectin and adhered to immobilized vitronectin compared with controls. Surface plasmon resonance technology revealed a KD of 0.4 μΜ for the interaction between recombinant PE and immobilized vitronectin. Moreover, the PE-dependent vitronectin-binding site was located at the heparin-binding domains of vitronectin and the major vitronectin-binding domain was found in the central core of PE (aa 84–108). Importantly, vitronectin bound to the surface of NTHi 3655 reduced membrane attack complex-induced hemolysis. In contrast to incubation with normal human serum, NTHi 3655 showed a reduced survival in vitronectin-depleted human serum, thus demonstrating that vitronectin mediates a protective role at the bacterial surface. Our findings show that PE, by binding vitronectin, may play an important role in NTHi pathogenesis.
Distinct Responses of Human Monocyte Subsets to Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia
Authors: Serbina Natalya V. , Cherny Mathew , Shi Chao , Bleau Sharon A. , Collins Nancy H. , Young James W. , Pamer Eric G. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an environmental fungus that causes life-threatening infections in neutropenic patients. In the absence of intact innate immunity, inhaled A. fumigatus spores (conidia) germinate in the lung, forming hyphae that invade blood vessels and disseminate to other tissues. Although macrophages and neutrophils are postulated to provide defense against invasive fungal infection, animal models and human studies suggest that circulating monocytes also contribute to antifungal immunity. Although human monocyte subsets, defined as either CD14+CD16− or CD14+CD16+, have been extensively characterized, their respective roles during fungal infection remain undefined. We isolated CD14+CD16− and CD14+CD16+ monocytes from healthy allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation donors and compared their ability to phagocytose and inhibit A. fumigatus conidia. Both monocyte subsets efficiently phagocytose conidia, but only CD14+CD16− monocytes inhibit conidial germination yet secrete little TNF. In contrast CD14+CD16+ do not inhibit conidial germination and secrete large amounts of TNF. Although CD14+CD16− and CD14+CD16+ monocytes differ in their response to dormant conidia, responses are similar if conidia are already germinated at the time of monocyte uptake. Our study demonstrates that functional CD14+CD16− and CD14+CD16+ monocytes can be isolated from allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation donors and that these subsets differ in their response to A. fumigatus conidia.
Two Compensatory Pathways Maintain Long-Term Stability and Diversity in CD8 T Cell Memory Repertoires
Authors: Naumova Elena N. , Gorski Jack , Naumov Yuri N. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The time-dependent changes of human memory T cell repertoires are still poorly understood. We define a T cell memory repertoire as the pool of clonotypic lineages participating in a recall response to the influenza M158–66 epitope. In HLA-A2 individuals, this response predominantly uses BV19 chains with Arg-Ser (RS) in the CDR3 loop. We previously showed that the repertoire is polyclonal with a large fraction of clonotype that are only observed once. In this study, we perform longitudinal analyses of memory repertoires in three middle-aged individuals at times that spanned from 7 to 10 years. In these individuals, who are well into thymic involution, a substantial number of clonotypes were stable, e.g., detected at two times. The shape of the repertoire was stable over time as reflected by a number of repertoire characteristics, including singletons, i.e., the fraction of clonotypes observed only once, and repertoire diversity. However, the RS-clonotype subset showed a significant decline in the fraction of singletons and in clonotypic diversity. Thus, repertoire structure is maintained over time by a recruitment of non-RS-clonotypes and a shift of existing RS-clonotypes into higher frequencies. The recruitment of new clonotypes into the low-frequency component of the repertoire implies a role for these clonotypes.
TLR4- and TLR2-Mediated B Cell Responses Control the Clearance of the Bacterial Pathogen, Leptospira interrogans
Authors: Chassin Cécilia , Picardeau Mathieu , Goujon Jean-Michel , Bourhy Pascale , Quellard Nathalie , Darche Sylvie , Badell Edgar , d'Andon Martine Fanton , Winter Nathalie , Lacroix-Lamandé Sonia , Buzoni-Gatel Dominique , Vandewalle Alain , Werts Catherine 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira interrogans that are transmitted by asymptomatic infected rodents. Leptospiral lipoproteins and LPS have been shown to stimulate murine cells via TLRs 2 and 4. Host defense mechanisms remain obscure, although TLR4 has been shown to be involved in clearing Leptospira. In this study, we show that double (TLR2 and TLR4) knockout (DKO) mice rapidly died from severe hepatic and renal failure following Leptospira inoculation. Strikingly, the severe proinflammatory response detected in the liver and kidney from Leptospira-infected DKO mice appears to be independent of MyD88, the main adaptor of TLRs. Infection of chimeric mice constructed with wild-type and DKO mice, and infection of several lines of transgenic mice devoid of T and/or B lymphocytes, identified B cells as the crucial lymphocyte subset responsible for the clearance of Leptospira, through the early production of specific TLR4-dependent anti-Leptospira IgMs elicited against the leptospiral LPS. We also found a protective tissue compartmentalized TLR2/TLR4-mediated production of IFN-γ by B and T lymphocytes, in the liver and kidney, respectively. In contrast, the tissue inflammation observed in Leptospira-infected DKO mice was further characterized to be mostly due to B lymphocytes in the liver and T cells in the kidney. Altogether these findings demonstrate that TLR2 and TLR4 play a key role in the early control of leptospirosis, but do not directly trigger the inflammation induced by pathogenic Leptospira.
IDO Activates Regulatory T Cells and Blocks Their Conversion into Th17-Like T Cells
Authors: Baban Babak , Chandler Phillip R. , Sharma Madhav D. , Pihkala Jeanene , Koni Pandelakis A. , Munn David H. , Mellor Andrew L. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
TLR ligands are effective vaccine adjuvants because they stimulate robust proinflammatory and immune effector responses and they abrogate suppression mediated by regulatory T cells (Tregs). Paradoxically, systemic administration of high doses of CpGs that bind to TLR9 ligands stimulated Tregs in mouse spleen to acquire potent suppressor activity dependent on interactions between programmed death-1 and its ligands. This response to CpG treatment manifested 8–12 h and was mediated by a rare population of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (CD19+ pDC) induced to express the immunosuppressive enzyme IDO after TLR9 ligation. When IDO was blocked, CpG treatment did not activate Tregs, but instead stimulated pDCs to uniformly express the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, which in turn reprogrammed Foxp3-lineage Tregs to express IL-17. Thus, CpG-induced IDO activity in pDCs acted as a pivotal molecular switch that induced Tregs to acquire a stable suppressor phenotype, while simultaneously blocking CpG-induced IL-6 expression required to reprogram Tregs to become Th17-like effector T cells. These findings support the hypothesis that IDO dominantly controls the functional status of Tregs in response to inflammatory stimuli in physiological settings.
Antigen-Driven Evolution of B Lymphocytes in Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Burioni Roberto , Canducci Filippo , Saita Diego , Perotti Mario , Mancini Nicasio , De Marco Donata , Clementi Nicola , Chieffo Alaide , Denaro Maurizio , Cianflone Domenico , Manfredi Angelo A. , Colombo Antonio , Maseri Attilio , Clementi Massimo 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Recent data indicated that adaptive immunity is involved in the process of atherogenesis. Oligoclonal recruitment of T lymphocytes has been described in coronary plaques of patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, the nature of immune response remains to be determined. In the present study, we examined the Ab response in six coronary plaques obtained by endoluminal directional atherectomy. The IgG1/κ-coding gene repertoires of B lymphocytes present in circulating blood and in coronary plaques were cloned and analyzed. In all of the six plaques, we observed 1) a skewed usage of heavy and light IgG1/κ Ab-coding genes, 2) an oligoclonal distribution of VK, JK, and VH, DH, and JH genes with overrepresentation of some rarely used IgG genes, and 3) the unequivocal signs of Ag-driven clonal expansion and evolution of B cells. The data document for the first time the presence of a local Ag-driven clonal evolution of B cells in human atherosclerotic plaques.
A Default Pathway of Memory CD8 T Cell Differentiation after Dendritic Cell Immunization Is Deflected by Encounter with Inflammatory Cytokines during Antigen-Driven Proliferation
Authors: Pham Nhat-Long L. , Badovinac Vladimir P. , Harty John T. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines induced by infection or vaccination with adjuvant act directly or indirectly on CD8 T cells to modulate their expansion, contraction, and acquisition of memory characteristics. Importantly, the initial exposure of naive T cells to inflammatory cytokines may occur before, during, or after their interaction with stimulating dendritic cells (DC) and it is unknown whether and how the timing of cytokine exposure impacts the CD8 T cell response. In this study, we use an immunization strategy with peptide-coated mature DC that, in the absence of inflammatory cytokines, results in a transient effector phase followed by the accelerated acquisition of memory characteristics by the responding CD8 T cells. Induction of inflammatory cytokines by TLR agonists, at the time of DC immunization or 2–4 days after DC immunization, prevented the early acquisition of memory characteristics by the responding CD8 T cells. Interestingly, although induction of inflammatory cytokines at the time of DC immunization increased the effector response, induction of inflammatory cytokines after DC immunization did not promote further expansion of the responding CD8 T cells but still prevented their early acquisition of memory characteristics. In contrast, induction of inflammatory cytokines 2 days before DC immunization did not prevent the CD8 T cells from early acquisition of memory characteristics. Furthermore, TLR ligand-induced inflammatory cytokines had the most significant impact on the phenotype and function of proliferating CD8 T cells. These data suggest that a default pathway of memory CD8 T cell differentiation is deflected toward sustained effector commitment by encounter with inflammatory cytokines during Ag-driven proliferation.
TNFR1-Dependent Regulation of Myeloid Cell Function in Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis
Authors: Raveney Ben J. E. , Copland David A. , Dick Andrew D. , Nicholson Lindsay B. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis is an autoimmune disease induced in mice, which involves the infiltration of CD11b+ macrophages and CD4+ T cells into the normally immune-privileged retina. Damage is produced in the target organ following the activation of Th1 and Th17 T cells and by the release of cytotoxic mediators such as NO by activated macrophages. The majority of immune cells infiltrating into the retina are CD11b+ myeloid cells, but, despite the presence of these APCs, relatively limited numbers of T cells are observed in the retina during the disease course. These T cells do not proliferate when leukocytes are isolated from the retina and restimulated in vitro, although they do produce both IFN-γ and IL-17. T cell proliferation was restored by depleting the myeloid cells from the cultures and furthermore those isolated myeloid cells were able to regulate the proliferation of other T cells. The ability of macrophages to regulate proliferation depends on activation by T cell-produced IFN-γ and autocrine TNF-α signaling in the myeloid cells via TNFR1. In the absence of TNFR1 signaling, relative T cell expansion in the retina is increased, indicating that regulatory myeloid cells may also act in vivo. However, TNFR1 signaling is also required for macrophages, but not T cells, to migrate into the target organ. Thus, in TNFR1 knock out mice, the amplification of autoimmunity is limited, leading to resistance to experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis induction.
RobustH∞filtering for uncertain Markovian jump systems with mode‐dependent distributed delays
Authors: Zhao Huanyu , Xu Shengyuan , Zou Yun 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of robustH∞filter design for Markovian jump systems with norm‐bounded time‐varying parameter uncertainties and mode‐dependent distributed delays. Both the state and the measurement equations are assumed to be with distributed delays. Sufficient conditions for the existence of robustH∞filters are obtained. Via solving a set of linear matrix inequalities, a desired filter can be constructed. The developed theory is illustrated by a simulation example. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delivery of Nucleic Acids via Disulfide‐Based Carrier Systems
Authors: Bauhuber Sonja , Hozsa Constantin , Breunig Miriam , Göpferich Achim 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNucleic acids are not only expected to assume a pivotal position as “drugs” in the treatment of genetic and acquired diseases, but could also act as molecular cues to control the microenvironment during tissue regeneration. Despite this promise, the efficient delivery of nucleic acids to their side of action is still the major hurdle. One among many prerequisites for a successful carrier system for nucleic acids is high stability in the extracellular environment, accompanied by an efficient release of the cargo in the intracellular compartment. A promising strategy to create such an interactive delivery system is to exploit the redox gradient between the extra‐ and intracellular compartments. In this review, emphasis is placed on the biological rationale for the synthesis of redox sensitive, disulfide‐based carrier systems, as well as the extra‐ and intracellular processing of macromolecules containing disulfide bonds. Moreover, the basic synthetic approaches for introducing disulfide bonds into carrier molecules, together with examples that demonstrate the benefit of disulfides at the individual stages of nucleic acid delivery, will be presented.
Potential and Bottlenecks of Bioreactors in 3D Cell Culture and Tissue Manufacturing
Authors: Wendt David , Riboldi Stefania A. , Cioffi Margherita , Martin Ivan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOver the last decade, we have witnessed an increased recognition of the importance of 3D culture models to study various aspects of cell physiology and pathology, as well as to engineer implantable tissues. As compared to well‐established 2D cell‐culture systems, cell/tissue culture within 3D porous biomaterials has introduced new scientific and technical challenges associated with complex transport phenomena, physical forces, and cell–microenvironment interactions. While bioreactor‐based 3D model systems have begun to play a crucial role in addressing fundamental scientific questions, numerous hurdles currently impede the most efficient utilization of these systems. We describe how computational modeling and innovative sensor technologies, in conjunction with well‐defined and controlled bioreactor‐based 3D culture systems, will be key to gain further insight into cell behavior and the complexity of tissue development. These model systems will lay a solid foundation to further develop, optimize, and effectively streamline the essential bioprocesses to safely and reproducibly produce appropriately scaled tissue grafts for clinical studies.
Highly Efficient Halogenation of Organic Compounds with Halides Catalyzed by Cerium(III) Chloride Heptahydrate Using Hydrogen Peroxide as the Terminal Oxidant in Water
Authors: Firouzabadi Habib , Iranpoor Nasser , Kazemi Somayeh , Ghaderi Arash , Garzan Atefeh 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this article a new environmentally friendly catalytic method is described for the efficient monoiodination and bromination of arenes and also iodoetherification and iodolactonization of olefins using hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidant. The method is based on using sodium iodide or sodium bromide, hydrogen peroxide (35%) and cerium(III) chloride as an effective catalyst in water at room temperature or under reflux conditions. By this protocol, iodination of anilines proceeded with high regioselectivity at the para position with the formation of small amounts of the ortho isomers. However, bromination of anilines proceeded with absolute regioselectivity to give the para isomers as the sole products in high yields. Iodinations and brominations of m‐xylene, toluene, chloro‐ and bromobenzenes were proceeded with excellent regioselectivity to produce the para isomers as the sole products. Benzene was also halogenated by this catalytic system to give the monohalogenated benzene in good yields. Iodoetherification and iodolactonization of olefins also proceeded easily in high yields at room temperature. However, the bromination of olefins by this protocol failed and the starting materials were detected intact.
Combining Fluorous and Triazole Moieties for the Tagging of Chiral Azabis(oxazoline) Ligands
Authors: Rasappan Ramesh , Olbrich Tobias , Reiser Oliver 
Published: July 2009

AbstractNew fluorous‐tagged azabis(oxazoline) ligands were prepared using the copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition as ligation method. The resulting ligands were tested in copper‐catalyzed asymmetric benzoylations (up to 99% ee), nitroaldol (up to 90% ee), and Michael reactions (up to 82% ee). The combination of unpolar fluorinated alkyl chains and polar triazole moieties imposes properties that are beneficial for the catalysts with respect to recyclability and selectivity. The scope and limitation of this strategy in comparison to analogous catalysts immobilized on methoxypolyethylene glycol (MeOPEG) or polystyrene is discussed. Moreover, this study shows that the choice of solvent for a given reaction is crucial to arrive at highly recyclable bis(oxazoline) catalysts.
A Convenient and Efficient Rhenium‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Ketones and Aldehydes
Authors: Dong Hailin , Berke Heinz 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe easily available rhenium(I) complex [Re(CH3CN)3Br2(NO)] catalyzes the homogeneous hydrosilylation of a great variety of organic carbonyl compounds (ketones and aldehydes). The reaction is quite sensitive to the solvent applied. Chlorobenzene was found to be superior over all the other solvents used. Various aliphatic and aromatic silanes were tested. Excellent yields were achieved at 85 °C in chlorobenzene using triethylsilane, the reaction affording TOF values of up to 495 h−1. A possible reaction mechanism for the hydrosilylation is presented.
Imidazolium‐2‐Carboxylate as an Efficient, Expeditious and Eco‐Friendly Organocatalyst for Glycerol Carbonate Synthesis
Authors: Naik Prashant U. , Petitjean Laetitia , Refes Karima , Picquet Michel , Plasseraud Laurent 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn improved and greener approach towards the synthesis of glycerol carbonate, via transesterification, using 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium‐2‐carboxylate as catalyst is described. The catalyst loading as low as 1% was sufficient to yield quantitative conversions. A plausible mechanism is proposed for the catalytic cycle leading to product formation.
Retraction: Iron‐Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Bézier David , Darcel Christophe 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe following article from Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, “Iron‐Catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction” by David Bézier and Christophe Darcel, published online on July 27, 2009, in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com), and in print in Volume 351, Issue 11+12, 2009, pages 1732–1736, has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor, Joe P. Richmond, and Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. The retraction has been agreed due to the following.
Cold Molecules: Preparation, Applications, and Challenges
Authors: Schnell Melanie , Meijer Gerard 
Published: July 2009

AbstractResearch with cold molecules has developed rapidly in recent years. There is now a variety of established methods for cooling molecules into the millikelvin range. Nevertheless, a focal point of current research is directed toward finding new ways to bring the temperature of molecules even closer to absolute zero. Samples of cold molecules offer not only important applications for high‐resolution spectroscopy, which benefit from the increased interaction time of slow molecules with electromagnetic radiation; they also promise access to an exotic regime of chemical reactivity, in which phenomena such as quantum tunneling and quantum resonances predominate. This review begins with an introduction to the methods by which cold molecules can be prepared, with special emphasis on Stark deceleration and traps. In addition to applications of cold molecules that have already been partially achieved, an important focus of the review concentrates on possible future applications, and both aspects are illustrated with selected examples.
Synthesis and Anti‐HIV‐1 Activity of 1‐Substiuted 6‐(3‐Cyanobenzoyl) and [(3‐Cyanophenyl)fluoromethyl]‐5‐ethyl‐uracils
Authors: Loksha Yasser M. , Pedersen Erik B. , Loddo Roberta , La Colla Paolo 
Published: July 2009

Abstract1‐Substiuted 6‐(3‐cyanobenzoyl) and [(3‐cyanophenyl)fluoromethyl]‐5‐ethyl‐uracils were synthesized and evaluated in cell‐based assays against HIV‐1 wild‐type and its clinically relevant non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐resistant mutants. Some of the synthesized compounds showed activity against HIV‐1 wild‐type in the same range as Emivirine (MKC‐442). 3‐{[3‐(Allyloxymethyl)‐5‐ethyl‐2,6‐dioxo‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyrimidin‐4‐yl]fluoromethyl}‐benzonitrile11bshowed moderate activity against the Y181C HIV‐1 mutant strain.