bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regioselective synthesis of 3‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐5‐(1H‐indole‐3‐carbonyl)‐4‐hydroxyfuroic acids: route to hydroxyfuroic acid‐based insulin receptor activators
Authors: Chou Shan‐Yen , Tsai Henry J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new class of insulin receptor activator with a hydroxyfuroic acid in place of a hydroxyquinone moiety is reported. The synthesis of 3‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐5‐(1H‐indole‐3‐carbonyl)‐4‐hydroxyfuroic acids (26–30) requires seven major steps. Key elements in the syntheses include (1) sequential preparation of two 4‐(N‐protected indole)‐3‐methoxy‐furoic 2,5‐dicarboxylic esters (4 and 6); (2) regioselective conversion of the furoic diacid 8 into its C‐5 methyl ester 10 with methyl chloroformate; and (3) acylation of 10 by a 7‐substituted indole under a mild condition. This study demonstrates a feasible route of synthesizing insulin receptor activators with a hydroxyfuroic acid scaffold. Among those hydroxyfuroic acid compounds, compound 28 demonstrates insulin receptor activation potential comparable to Merck's compound 2 with a dihydroxybenzoquinone scaffold. Drug Dev Res 72: 247–258, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex, but not repeated maternal separation during the first postnatal week, influences novel object exploration and amphetamine sensitivity
Authors: Hensleigh E. , Smedley L. , Pritchard L.M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSensation seeking and early life stress are both risk factors for developing substance use disorders. Neural adaptations resulting from early life stress may mediate individual differences in novelty responsiveness, and, in turn, contribute to drug abuse vulnerability. Animal models also demonstrate associations between novelty responsiveness or early life stress and increased sensitivity to psychostimulants. We investigated whether repeated maternal separation affects responses to novelty during adolescence and to amphetamine during adulthood, and whether maternal separation alters the relationship between these behavioral variables. Rat pups underwent separation (180 min/day) or control procedures (15 min/day) on postnatal days (PND) 2–8. Novel object exploration and amphetamine response were tested at PND 38 and 60, respectively. Adolescent males were less active in a novel environment and approached novel objects more frequently than females, but adult females showed greater amphetamine‐induced locomotion. Maternal separation did not affect novelty responsiveness or amphetamine sensitivity. Locomotor activity in an inescapable, novel environment during adolescence predicted amphetamine‐induced locomotor activity during adulthood in maternally separated rats, but not in controls. The results of this study suggest that adolescent responses to novelty may be particularly predictive of future substance abuse among survivors of early life trauma. Furthermore, sex differences in novelty and amphetamine responsiveness may complicate the relationship between these behavioral variables. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:132–140, 2011
Ontogenetic differences in adolescent and adult C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice: Anxiety‐like, locomotor, and consummatory behaviors
Authors: Moore Eileen M. , Linsenbardt David N. , Melón Laverne C. , Boehm Stephen L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAdolescence is a highly conserved period during which mammals undergo a number of hormonal, biological, and behavioral changes [Spear [2000] Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 24: 417–463]. Ethical constraints limit the research that can be done in human adolescents. Rodents provide a useful model of at least some of the features of adolescence, including increases in body growth, differences in sleep/wake, and eating patterns, as well as differences in risk‐taking, novelty seeking, and exploratory behaviors. Much of the available developmental research has utilized rats; however, the use of inbred mouse strains provides a unique means to assess the genetic factors involved in behavioral differences during adolescence. We assessed differences between adults and adolescents in anxiety‐like, locomotor, and consummatory behaviors using two commonly used inbred strains of mice, the DBA/2J and C57BL/6J strains. Age and genotype‐dependent differences were found in all three behaviors measured, suggesting both factors are important determinants of behavior in mice. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 53:141–156, 2011
Reticulocytes in athletes: Longitudinal aspects and the influence of long‐ and short‐term exercise
Authors: Schumacher Yorck Olaf , Sahm Daniel , Baumstark Manfred W. , Pottgiesser Torben 
Published: September 2010

AbstractReticulocytes (Ret) are a key variable in the emerging concept of the athlete's biological passport and the longitudinal monitoring of biological parameters in the field of anti‐doping. In this context, knowledge on the variability of Ret in athletes and the influence of exercise is necessary. The aim of the present study was to evaluate longitudinal variation in Ret and the influence of short‐ and long‐term exercise.Ret% in 793 samples of 238 athletes were determined and analyzed in different study parts for inter‐ and intra‐individual variation and the impact of long‐ (competitive season) and short‐term (all out) exercise.Median Ret% was 0.9 (CI(0.5–99.5%) 0.4–2.7). Intra‐individual variation for Ret% was 0.0118; inter‐individual variation 0.0124. During periods of intensive exercise Ret% was slightly lower (mean − 0.1%, p = 0.048). After a short, all‐out exercise bout, Ret% was increased (+0.5%, p = 0.0028).Athletes mostly display similar Ret% than the normal population; however, intra‐individual variation in athletes is higher. During the competitive season of endurance athletes, Ret% is slightly decreased. After short bouts of intense exercise Ret% is increased. These data can be used for the interpretation of blood profiles in athletes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The naphyrone story: The Alpha or Beta‐naphthyl Isomer?
Authors: Brandt Simon D. , Wootton Robert C. R. , De Paoli Giorgia , Freeman Sally 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNaphyrone (naphthylpyrovalerone, O‐2482) has been recently advertised for purchase on a number of websites. This compound has been viewed as a so‐called ‘legal high’ and was classified as a controlled drug under the UK Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 in mid‐July 2010. So far, naphyrone is commonly equated with 1‐naphthalen‐2‐yl‐2‐pyrrolidin‐1‐yl‐pentan‐1‐one (β‐naphyrone) but analytical characterization of two naphyrone samples revealed the existence of a novel isomer consistent with 1‐naphthalen‐1‐yl‐2‐pyrrolidin‐1‐yl‐pentan‐1‐one (α‐naphyrone). Analyses of both α‐ and β‐naphyrone were carried out using gas chromatography ion trap (EI/CI) mass spectrometry and 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This provides the first report of α‐naphyrone in the scientific literature and the ability to differentiate it from the β‐isomer should be of interest to forensic and clinical communities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Persistence of effector memory Th1 cells is regulated by Hopx
Authors: Albrecht Inka , Niesner Uwe , Janke Marko , Menning Astrid , Loddenkemper Christoph , Kühl Anja A. , Lepenies Inga , Lexberg Maria H. , Westendorf Kerstin , Hradilkova Kristyna , Grün Joachim , Hamann Alf , Epstein Jonathan A. , Chang Hyun‐Dong , Tokoyoda Koji , Radbruch Andreas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTh1 cells are prominent in inflamed tissue, survive conventional immunosuppression, and are believed to play a pivotal role in driving chronic inflammation. Here, we identify homeobox only protein (Hopx) as a critical and selective regulator of the survival of Th1 effector/memory cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Expression of Hopx is induced by T‐bet and increases upon repeated antigenic restimulation of Th1 cells. Accordingly, the expression of Hopx is low in peripheral, naïve Th cells, but highly up‐regulated in terminally differentiated effector/memory Th1 cells of healthy human donors. In murine Th1 cells, Hopx regulates the expression of genes involved in regulation of apoptosis and survival and makes them refractory to Fas‐induced apoptosis. In vivo, adoptively transferred Hopx‐deficient murine Th1 cells do not persist. Consequently, they cannot induce chronic inflammation in murine models of transfer‐induced colitis and arthritis, demonstrating a key role of Hopx for Th1‐mediated immunopathology.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Tryptophan at Gold Nanoparticle‐Modified Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode
Authors: Safavi A. , Momeni S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of tryptophan was studied at the carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) modified with gold nanoparticle (GNP). This electrode has a stable and excellent response toward tryptophan. Under optimum experimental conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the tryptophan concentration range of 5 to 900 µM with an excellent correlation coefficient (0.995). The experimental limit of detection was 4 µM. Contrary to many other electrodes, the oxidation of tryptophan on GNP/CILE does not result in electrode fouling. GNP/CILE has been effectively applied to the determination of tryptophan in composite amino acid injection.
Ion Transport Across Liquid|Liquid Interfacial Boundaries Monitored at Generator‐Collector Electrodes
Authors: Vuorema Anne , Meadows Helen , Ibrahim Norahim Bin , Del Campo Javier , Cortina‐Puig Montserrat , Vagin Mikhail Yu , Karyakin Arkady A. , Sillanpää Mika , Marken Frank 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAnion transfer processes at a liquid|liquid interface were studied with an interdigitated gold band array electrode. The organic phase, 4‐(3‐phenylpropyl)‐pyridine containing Co(II)phthalocyanine, was immobilised as random droplets at the electrode surface and then immersed into aqueous electrolyte. Oxidation of Co(II)phthalocyanine at the generator electrode was shown to be associated with anion transfer from the aqueous into the organic phase. The corresponding back reduction at the collector electrode with anion expulsion was delayed by the anion/cation diffusion time across the interelectrode gap. A working curve based on a finite difference numerical simulation model was employed to estimate the apparent diffusion coefficients for anions in the organic phase (PF6−<ClO4−<NO3−). Potential applications in ion analysis are discussed.
Voltammetric Determination of Chlorpheniramine Maleate Based on the Enhancement Effect of Sodium‐dodecyl Sulfate at Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Lamani Shekappa D. , Hegde Rajesh N. , Savanur Anita P. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe voltammetric oxidation and determination of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) was studied at a carbon paste electrode (CPE) in the presence of sodium‐dodecyl sulfate (SDS) by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. The results indicated that the voltammetric response of chlorpheniramine maleate was markedly increased in the low concentration of SDS, suggesting that SDS exhibits observable enhancement effect to the determination of chlorpheniramine maleate. Under the optimal conditions the peak current was proportional to chlorpheniramine maleate concentration in the range of 8.0×10−6 to 1.0×10−4 M with detection limit of 1.7×10−6 M by differential pulse voltammetry. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of chlorpheniramine in pharmaceutical and urine samples.
Electrode Kinetics and Sensitivity of Nanostructured Electrodes from Different Carbon Fiber Precursor Materials
Authors: Boateng Abraham , Cohen‐Shohet Rachel , Brajter‐Toth Anna 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCorrelation of properties of common carbon fiber precursor materials, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and pitch, with kinetics and sensitivity of microdisk electrodes, PAN T650, PAN HCB and Pitch P25, nanostructured by an electrochemical etching method was tested. Sensitivity of PAN electrodes is higher but kinetics are slower than at pitch electrodes due to more defects in PAN. Because of more surface oxides at PAN T650 adsorption of dopamine is greater than at PAN HCB electrodes but for uric acid adsorption is greater at PAN HCB. Uric acid sensitivity is related to high conductivity of PAN fibers, with an inverse relationship observed for dopamine.
Shaking‐table tests of a full‐scale single‐story masonry veneer wood‐frame structure
Authors: Okail Hussein O. , Shing P. Benson , McGinley William M. , Klingner Richard E. , Jo Seongwoo , McLean David I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis paper presents the findings of shaking‐table experiments conducted to examine the seismic performance of a full‐scale, one‐story, wood‐framed structure with masonry veneer. The structure was designed and constructed in accordance with current U.S. code provisions. The veneer was attached to the wood backing with two kinds of metal anchors, corrugated ties fastened with 8d nails and rigid ties fastened with #8 screws. The tests have shown that the use of nails to fasten veneer anchors to the wood studs is highly unreliable due to the high variation of the nail extraction capacity, which can be influenced by the moisture content of the wood. Other than this, both the wood frame and the masonry veneer performed well under severe ground motions far exceeding a design level earthquake for Seismic Design Category D. Good performance was observed for the rigid veneer ties, which were attached to the wood studs with screws. The results have shown that the veneer walls parallel to the direction of shaking helped to restrain the motion of the wood structure and therefore should not be simply treated as added mass. The detailing of wood roof diaphragms requires special attention in consideration of the out‐of‐plane inertia force of the veneer that can be transmitted through the top plate of the wood‐stud wall to the rim joist. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inelastic displacement demand of bridge columns considering shear–flexure interaction
Authors: Zhang Jian , Xu Shi‐Yu , Tang Yuchuan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractReinforced concrete bridge columns exhibit complex hysteretic behavior owing to combined action of shear, bending moment, and axial force under multi‐directional seismic shakings. The inelastic displacement of columns can be increased by shear–flexure interaction (SFI). This paper develops a simple yet reliable demand model for estimating the inelastic displacement and ductility based on the nonlinear time history analyses of 24 full‐size columns subject to a suite of near‐fault ground motions. A coupled hysteretic model is used to simulate the shear‐flexure interactive (SFI) behavior of columns and the accumulated material damage during loading reversals, including pinching, strength deterioration, and stiffness softening. Guided by rigorous dimensional analysis, the inelastic displacement responses of bridge columns are presented in dimensionless form showing remarkable order. A dimensionless nonlinearity index is derived taking into account of the column strength, ground motion amplitude, and softening or hardening post‐yield behavior. Strong correlation is revealed between the normalized inelastic displacement and the dimensionless structure‐to‐pulse frequency, the dimensionless nonlinearity index as well as the aspect ratio. Two regressive equations for displacement and ductility demands are proposed and validated against the simulation results. The SFI effects are discussed and included explicitly through the aspect ratio in the proposed model. This study offers a new way to realistically predict the inelastic displacement of columns directly from structural and ground motion characteristics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional modal pushover analysis of buildings subjected to two components of ground motion, including its evaluation for tall buildings
Authors: Reyes Juan C. , Chopra Anil K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe modal pushover analysis (MPA) procedure, presently restricted to one horizontal component of ground motion, is extended to three‐dimensional analysis of buildings—symmetric or unsymmetric in plan—subjected to two horizontal components of ground motion, simultaneously. Also presented is a variant of this method, called the practical modal pushover analysis (PMPA) procedure, which estimates seismic demands directly from the earthquake response (or design) spectrum. Its accuracy in estimating seismic demands for very tall buildings is evaluated, demonstrating that for nonlinear systems this procedure is almost as accurate as the response spectrum analysis procedure is for linear systems. Thus, for practical applications, the PMPA procedure offers an attractive alternative whereby seismic demands can be estimated directly from the (elastic) design spectrum, thus avoiding the complications of selecting and scaling ground motions for nonlinear response history analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological properties of essential oils: an updated review
Authors: Adorjan Barbara , Buchbauer Gerhard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn the last few years more and more studies on the biological properties of essential oils have been published and it seemed worthwhile to compile the studies of 2009, 2008 and the second part of 2007. Such an overview covering the scientific literature mainly from 2000 onwards, up to the first half of the year 2007, has been published recently. The focus of this overview lies on the anti‐nociceptive, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, penetration‐enhancing, insect repellent, antiviral and antioxidative properties of essential oils. Many essential oils have been used for centuries in folk medicine and in recent years the biological properties of various essential oils have been proved by a number of studies. Their use in the treatment of pain, inflammation, viral diseases and cancer and their potential to enhance the penetration of other drugs, their insect repellent activity and their antioxidative effects were confirmed. Nonetheless, more studies are necessary to analyse the biological properties of other essential oils or to prove their mechanism of action. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor binding in Huntington's disease
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Mouna , Farde Lars , Karlsson Per , Varrone Andrea , Halldin Christer , Waters Susanna , Tedroff Joakim 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, primarily affecting medium spiny neurones in the striatum. The density of striatal dopamine D2 receptors is reduced in HD but there is little known about this biomarker in brain regions outside the striatum. The primary objective of this study was to compare extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor binding, in age‐matched control subjects and patients with HD. All subjects were examined using a high‐resolution positron emission tomography system and the high‐affinity dopamine D2 receptor radioligand [11C]FLB 457. A ROI based analysis was used with an atrophy correction method. Dopamine D2 receptor binding potential was reduced in the striatum of patients with HD. Unlike the striatum, dopamine D2 receptor binding in thalamic and cortical subregions was not significantly different from that in control subjects. A partial least square regression analysis which included binding potential values from all investigated cortical and subcortical regions revealed a significant model separating patients from controls, conclusively dependent on differences in striatal binding of the radioligand. Some clinical assessments correlated with striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding, including severity of chorea and cognitive test performance. Hence, the present study demonstrates that dopamine D2 receptors extrinsic to the striatum are well preserved in early to mid stage patients with HD. This observation may have implication for the development of therapy for HD. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinct functional networks associated with improvement of affective symptoms and cognitive function during citalopram treatment in geriatric depression
Authors: Diaconescu Andreea Oliviana , Kramer Elisse , Hermann Carol , Ma Yilong , Dhawan Vijay , Chaly Thomas , Eidelberg David , McIntosh Anthony Randal , Smith Gwenn S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVariability in the affective and cognitive symptom response to antidepressant treatment has been observed in geriatric depression. The underlying neural circuitry is poorly understood. This study evaluated the cerebral glucose metabolic effects of citalopram treatment and applied multivariate, functional connectivity analyses to identify brain networks associated with improvements in affective symptoms and cognitive function. Sixteen geriatric depressed patients underwent resting positron emission tomography (PET) studies of cerebral glucose metabolism and assessment of affective symptoms and cognitive function before and after 8 weeks of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment (citalopram). Voxel‐wise analyses of the normalized glucose metabolic data showed decreased cerebral metabolism during citalopram treatment in the anterior cingulate gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, precuneus, amygdala, and parahippocampal gyrus. Increased metabolism was observed in the putamen, occipital cortex, and cerebellum. Functional connectivity analyses revealed two networks which were uniquely associated with improvement of affective symptoms and cognitive function during treatment. A subcortical‐limbic‐frontal network was associated with improvement in affect (depression and anxiety), while a medial temporal‐parietal‐frontal network was associated with improvement in cognition (immediate verbal learning/memory and verbal fluency). The regions that comprise the cognitive network overlap with the regions that are affected in Alzheimer's dementia. Thus, alterations in specific brain networks associated with improvement of affective symptoms and cognitive function are observed during citalopram treatment in geriatric depression. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.