bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract generic microformats for coverage, comprehensiveness, and adaptability
Authors: Piez Wendell 
Published: October 2011

Markup languages that attempt not only to support particular applications, but to provide encoding standards for decentralized communities, face a particular problem: how do they adapt to new requirements for data description? The most usual approach is a schema extensibility mechanism, but many projects avoid them, since they fork the local application from the core tag set, complicating implementation, maintenance, and document interchange and thus undermining many of the advantages of using a standard. Yet the easy alternative, creatively reusing and abusing available elements and attributes, is even worse: it introduces signal disguised as noise, degrades the semantics of repurposed elements and hides the interchange problem without solving it.
This dilemma follows from the way we have conceived of our models for text. If designing an encoding format for one work must compromise its fitness for any other – because the clean and powerful descriptive markup for one kind of text is inevitably unsuitable for another – we will always be our own worst enemies. Yet texts “in the wild” are purposefully divergent in the structures, features and affordances of their design at both micro and macro levels. This suggests that at least in tag sets intended for wide use across decentralized communities, we must support design innovation not only in the schema, but in the instance – in particular documents and sets of documents. By defining, in the schema, a set of abstract generic elements for microformats, we can appropriate tag abuse (at one time making it unnecessary and capturing the initiative it represents), expose significant and useful semantic variation, and support bottom-up development of new semantic types.
Tougher Educational Exam Leading to Worse Selection
Authors: de Carvalho Andrade Eduardo , de Castro Luciano I. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A parallel of education with transformative processes in standard markets suggest that a more severe control of the quality of the output will improve the overall quality of the education. This paper shows a somehow counterintuitive result: an increase in the exam diffculty may reduce the average quality (productivity) of selected individuals. Since the exam does not verify all skills, when its standard rises, candidates with relatively low skills emphasized in the test and high skills demanded in the job may no longer qualify. Hence, an increase in the testing standard may be counterproductive. One implication is that policies should emphasize alignment between the skills tested and those required in the actual jobs, rather than increase exams’ diffculty.
Association of HSV-1 Antigen Distribution in the Cornea with Clinical Characteristics of Herpetic Stromal Keratitis
Authors: Zhao Ge , Chen Min , Liu Ting , Sun Shi Y. , Zhao Jing , Xie Li X. 
Published: October 2011

Purpose To investigate whether the clinical characteristics of stromal herpetic simplex keratitis (HSK) are associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) antigens distribution in the pathologic cornea. Materials and Methods Pathologic corneal buttons from 8 eyes were obtained during keratoplasty at the Shandong Eye Institute from 2006 to 2009. Immunohistochemical examination was performed to detect the distribution of HSV-1 antigens, including position, depth, and load in the cornea. Results Each of the 8 pathologic corneal buttons was positive for HSV-1 antigen by immunohistochemical staining, and HSV-1 antigen was detected in the corneal stroma but not in the corneal epithelium or endothelium. Combined with the clinical characteristics, it was found that the distribution depth of HSV-1 antigen in the cornea was partly related to the disease course, and the load was related to the delay time for treatment. Furthermore, HSK could be effectively cured by deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). Conclusions The distribution characteristics of HSV-1 in HSK corneal stroma supports the theory of HSV-1 latency in the cornea and guides the selection of DALK, rather than penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), for clinical stromal HSK treatment.
Improvement and Multicenter Evaluation of the Analytical Performance of an Automated Chemiluminescent Immunoassay for Alpha Fetoprotein
Authors: Morota Kaori , Komori Makoto , Fujinami Ryo , Yamada Koji , Kuribayashi Kageaki , Watanabe Naoki , Sokoll Lori J. , Elliott Debra , Chan Daniel W. , Martens Frans , Heijboer Annemieke C. , Blankenstein Marinus A. , Hershberger Stefan J. , Pfeiffer Zachary A. , Vaidya Shyam V. , Dowell Barry L. 
Published: October 2011

Background A new ARCHITECT® alpha fetoprotein (AFP) assay was developed to improve the linearity at the upper end of the calibration curve and to enhance other performance characteristics. In addition, this reformulation eliminated the possibility of falsely depressed samples at high AFP concentrations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate its analytical performance at multiple sites. Methods The assay configuration, the diluent formulation, and the manufacturing process were redesigned. Analytical performance was evaluated at Abbott Laboratories, Sapporo Medical University, VU University Medical Center, and Johns Hopkins University. Results The limit of quantitation of the assay was 1.00–1.30 ng/mL. Total precision (%CV) across the assay range varied between 1.41 and 3.52. The assay was linear from 1.19 to 2535 ng/mL, and the range of the assay was expanded from 200 ng/mL to 2000 ng/mL. Comparison of this assay with the on-market ARCHITECT, AxSYM, ADVIA Centaur, DxI, AIA-1800, and E 170 systems yielded regression slopes of 0.91–1.08 and correlation coefficients of ≥0.99 for serum samples. No falsely depressed results were observed in 174 serum samples with AFP concentrations of 2018–1,196,856 ng/mL and in a spiked sample containing up to 10 mg/mL of purified AFP. Conclusions The new AFP assay has improved an issue of the on-market ARCHITECT AFP assay and demonstrated excellent assay performance.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β‐Keto‐ enamines: An Efficient Approach to Chiral γ‐Amino Alcohols
Authors: Geng Huiling , Zhang Xiaowei , Chang Mingxin , Zhou Le , Wu Wenjun , Zhang Xumu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA highly efficient and enantioselective hydrogenation of unprotected β‐ketoenamines catalyzed with ruthenium(II) dichloro{(S)‐(−)‐2,2′‐bis[di(3,5‐xylyl)phosphino]‐1,1′‐binaphthyl}[(2S)‐(+)‐1,1‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐methyl‐1,2‐butanediamine] {Ru[(S)‐xylbinap][(S)‐daipen]Cl2} has been successfully developed. This methodology provides a straightforward access to free γ‐secondary amino alcohols, which are key building blocks for a variety of pharmaceuticals and natural products, with high yields (>99%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) in all cases.
Robust L2−L∞ Filtering for Stochastic Systems with Discrete and Distributed Time‐Varying Delays
Authors: Li Lin , Jia Yingmin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the problem of robust L2–L∞ filtering for a class of stochastic systems with both discrete and distributed time‐varying delays. The objective is to design a full‐order filter such that the resulting filtering error system is stochastically asymptotically stable with a prescribed L2–L∞ performance satisfied. Delay‐dependent sufficient condition for the existence of the filter is obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). And the filter design method is proposed, while the explicit expression for the desired filter is also given. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the benefit and the effectiveness of the proposed method.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Click Assembly of Dye‐Functionalized Octasilsesquioxanes for Highly Efficient and Photostable Photonic Systems
Authors: Pérez‐Ojeda M. Eugenia , Trastoy Beatriz , López‐Arbeloa Íñigo , Bañuelos Jorge , Costela Ángel , García‐Moreno Inmaculada , Chiara Jose Luis 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNew hybrid organic–inorganic dyes based on an azide‐functionalized cubic octasilsesquioxane (POSS) as the inorganic part and a 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BDP) chromophore as the organic component have been synthesized by copper(I)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azides to alkynes. We have studied the effects of the linkage group of BDP to the POSS unit and the degree of functionalization of this inorganic core on the ensuing optical properties by comparison with model dyes. The high fluorescence of the BDP dye is preserved in spite of the linked chain at its meso position, even after attaching one BDP moiety to the POSS core. The laser action of the new dyes has been analyzed under transversal pumping at 532 nm in both the liquid phase and when incorporated into solid polymeric matrices. The monosubstituted new hybrid dye exhibits high lasing efficiency of up to 56 % with high photostability, with its laser output remaining at the initial value after 4×105 pump pulses in the same position of the sample at a repetition rate of 30 Hz. However, functionalization of the POSS core with eight fluorophores leads to dye aggregation, as quantum mechanical simulation has revealed, worsening the optical properties and extinguishing the laser action. The new hybrid systems based on dye‐linked POSS nanoparticles open up the possibility of using these new photonic materials as alternative sources for optoelectronic devices, competing with dendronized or grafted polymers.
Small Pd Nanoparticles Supported in Large Pores of Mesocellular Foam: An Excellent Catalyst for Racemization of Amines
Authors: Shakeri Mozaffar , Tai Cheuk‐wai , Göthelid Emmanuelle , Oscarsson Sven , Bäckvall Jan‐E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHighly dispersed palladium nanoparticles (1–2 nm) supported in large‐pore mesocellular foam (MCF; 29 nm) were synthesized. The Pd‐nanocatalyst/MCF system was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The performance of the Pd nanocatalyst obtained was examined for amine racemization. The Pd nanocatalyst showed higher activity and selectivity toward racemization of (S)‐1‐phenylethyl amine than any other amine racemization catalyst reported so far and it could be reused several times. Our data from TEM and XRD suggest a restructuring of the Pd nanocatalyst from amorphous to crystalline and an increase in Pd nanocatalyst size during the racemization reaction. This led to an unexpected increase of activity after the first use. The Pd nanocatalyst obtained can be integrated with other resolving processes of racemic organic compounds to increase the yield of chiral organic products.
Highly Efficient and Diastereoselective Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Tertiary Amines from Secondary Amines and Alkynes: Substrate Scope and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Liu Xin‐Yuan , Guo Zhen , Dong Sijia S. , Li Xiao‐Hua , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn efficient method for the synthesis of tertiary amines through a gold(I)‐catalyzed tandem reaction of alkynes with secondary amines has been developed. In the presence of ethyl Hantzsch ester and [{(tBu)2(o‐biphenyl)P}AuCl]/AgBF4 (2 mol %), a variety of secondary amines bearing electron‐deficient and electron‐rich substituents and a wide range of alkynes, including terminal and internal aryl alkynes, aliphatic alkynes, and electron‐deficient alkynes, underwent a tandem reaction to afford the corresponding tertiary amines in up to 99 % yield. For indolines bearing a preexisting chiral center, their reactions with alkynes in the presence of ethyl Hantzsch ester catalyzed by [{(tBu)2(o‐biphenyl)P}AuCl]/AgBF4 (2 mol %) afforded tertiary amines in excellent yields and with good to excellent diastereoselectivity. All of these organic transformations can be conducted as a one‐pot reaction from simple and readily available starting materials without the need of isolation of air/moisture‐sensitive enamine intermediates, and under mild reaction conditions (mostly room temperature and mild reducing agents). Mechanistic studies by NMR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS, isotope labeling studies, and DFT calculations on this gold(I)‐catalyzed tandem reaction reveal that the first step involving a monomeric cationic gold(I)–alkyne intermediate is more likely than a gold(I)–amine intermediate, a three‐coordinate gold(I) intermediate, or a dinuclear gold(I)–alkyne intermediate. These studies also support the proposed reaction pathway, which involves a gold(I)‐coordinated enamine complex as a key intermediate for the subsequent transfer hydrogenation with a hydride source, and reveal the intrinsic stereospecific nature of these transformations observed in the experiments.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of LiLnW2O8 (Ln: Lanthanides and Y): An X‐Ray Powder Diffraction Study.
Authors: Postema J. M. , Fu W. T. , Ijdo D. J. W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe title compounds crystallize with the scheelite‐type structure in the space group I41/a for Ln: La—Gd and with the wolframite structure in the space group P2/n for Ln: Dy—Lu and Y.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic Activities of Various Pentavalent Bismuthates under Visible Light Irradiation.
Authors: Takei Takahiro , Haramoto Rie , Dong Qiang , Kumada Nobuhiro , Yonesaki Yoshinori , Kinomura Nobukazu , Mano Takayuki , Nishimoto Shunsuke , Kameshima Yoshikazu , Miyake Michihiro 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAlkali and alkaline earth pentavalent bismuthates LiBiO3, NaBiO3, SrBi2O6, and BaBi2O6 possess high photocatalytic activity for decomposition of methylene blue and phenol under visible light.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Properties of a Novel Cobaltate La0.30CoO2.
Authors: Knizek K. , Hejtmanek J. , Marysko M. , Santava E. , Jirak Z. , Bursik J. , Kirakci K. , Beran P. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe title compound is prepared by solid state ion‐exchange of NaCoO2 with 10% excess La(NO3)3 (300 °C, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Benzylic and Propargylic Alcohols Using Ir—Sn Bimetallic Catalyst: Synthesis of Fully Decorated Furans and Pyrroles.
Authors: Chatterjee Paresh Nath , Roy Sujit 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn addition to the benzylation and propargylation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, hydroxycoumarin (XXI) is alkylated at the 3‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Catalysis: Domino Reaction of En‐Diynes to Highly Substituted Phenols.
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Haeffner Tobias , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPrecursors bearing a 2‐alkynylallyl alcohol moiety tethered to an additional alkyne are prepared by Sonogashira coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxylation of Nitro‐(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenes via Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen.
Authors: Beier Petr , Pastyrikova Tereza 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTreatment of the title compounds (I) with cumyl hydroperoxide in the presence of tBuOH in liquid ammonia gives the corresponding nitrophenols which can be further converted to aminophenols.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of β‐Methyl‐γ‐monofluoromethyl‐Substituted Alcohols.
Authors: Yang Wenguo , Wei Xinle , Pan Yuanhang , Lee Richmond , Zhu Bo , Liu Hongjun , Yan Lin , Huang Kuo‐Wei , Jiang Zhiyong , Tan Choon‐Hong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe title alcohols are prepared via allylic alkylation of bis(sulfone) (II) with Morita—Baylis—Hillman carbonates (I) in the presence of a cinchona‐derived catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Active and Recyclable Catalyst: Phosphine Dendrimer‐Stabilized Nickel Nanoparticles for the Suzuki Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Wu Lei , Ling Jie , Wu Zong‐Quan 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe catalyst exhibits higher efficiency (60 °C, maximum TON 99.000) than the Pd analogue (110 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐Arylthiophenes with Triarylbismuths as Atom‐Efficient Multicoupling Organometallic Nucleophiles under Palladium Catalysis.
Authors: Rao Maddali L. N. , Banerjee Debasis , Dhanorkar Ritesh J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe arylation can be easily performed under conditions A) in the presence of 0.3 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New Fluorescent Small Molecule Probe and Its Use for in vivo Lipid Imaging.
Authors: Lee Jae Hong , So Ju‐Hoon , Jeon Jong Hyun , Choi Eun Bok , Lee Yu‐Ri , Chang Young‐Tae , Kim Cheol‐Hee , Bae Myung Ae , Ahn Jin Hee 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe compound (III), named LipidGreen, stains lipid droplets in 3T3L1 pre‐adipocyte cell lines and fat deposits in zebrafish.
ChemInform Abstract: A Regioselective and High‐Yielding Method for Formaldehyde Inclusion in the 3CC Groebke—Blackburn—Bienayme Reaction: One‐Step Access to 3‐Aminoimidazoazines.
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Li Hong‐yu 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOptimized conditions including glyoxylic acid as a formaldehyde equivalent are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Disubstituted Isoxazoles by Cyclization of Alkynyl Oxime Ethers.
Authors: Ueda Masafumi , Ikeda Yuki , Sato Aoi , Ito Yuta , Kakiuchi Maiko , Shono Hiroko , Miyoshi Tetsuya , Naito Takeaki , Miyata Okiko 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUnder weakly acidic conditions using phenol as proton source, AgBF4 is found to be the most optimal catalyst among five tested metal catalysts for the title reaction in THF.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Substituted Dihydropyrones and Tetrahydropyrones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Thioesters.
Authors: Fuwa Haruhiko , Mizunuma Kana , Matsukida Seiji , Sasaki Makoto 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe method consists of a Pd‐catalyzed coupling of thioesters with terminal alkynes, O‐deprotection and AgOTf‐mediated oxa‐conjugate cyclization of β‐hydroxyenones leading to the 2,6‐substituted dihydropyrones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Series of 1,3‐Dicoumarinyl‐5‐aryl‐2‐pyrazolines.
Authors: Cacic Milan , Molnar Maja , Strelec Ivica 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe compounds (II) and (III) are screened for their antioxidant and iron‐chelating activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cyclizations: Applications to the Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclopentene‐Fused Chromanones and Dihydroquinolinones.
Authors: Neel Mathilde , Gouin Jerome , Voituriez Arnaud , Marinetti Angela 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTwo synthetic approaches to the title compounds are demonstrated based on (S,S)‐FerroPHANE‐promoted cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Thiourea‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition of β‐Oxo Phosphonate to Nitro Olefins: Convenient Synthesis of Optically Active β‐Oxo Phosphonates.
Authors: Hu Kuang , Liu Tao , Lu A. D. , Liu Yunfeng , Wang Youming , Wu Guiping , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Chuchi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn the presence of cinchonine‐based bifunctional thiourea catalyst CTU, α‐substituted β‐oxo phosphonates are formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Triazole‐Linked Amino Acid‐Aryl C‐Glycoside Hybrids via Click Chemistry as Novel PTP1B Inhibitors.
Authors: Wang Jia , He Xiaopeng , Gao Lixin , Sheng Li , Shi Xiaoxin , Li Jia , Chen Guorong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTriazolyl phenylalanine and tyrosine‐aryl C‐glycoside hybrids are readily synthesized in high yield via microwave‐assisted Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short Formal Total Synthesis of Strychnine with a Samarium Diiodide Induced Cascade Reaction as the Key Step.
Authors: Beemelmanns Christine , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTreatment of indole substrates (I) according to A) produces mainly the tetracyclic heterocycles (II) and (IV) in a diastereomerically pure form as scaffolds of the Strychnos alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Study of Carbocyclic Core of Cortistatin A, an anti‐Angiogenic Steroidal Alkaloid from Marine Sponge.
Authors: Kotoku Naoyuki , Sumii Yuji , Hayashi Takeshi , Kobayashi Motomasa 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of the carbocyclic core of cortistatin A (II)/(III) is achieved through a 7‐endo intramolecular Heck reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Detecting Copper(II) with High Selectivity and Sensitivity and Its Biological Imaging Applications.
Authors: Li Ping , Duan Xia , Chen Zhenzhen , Liu Ying , Xie Ting , Fang Libo , Li Xiaorui , Yin Miao , Tang Bo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe title compound (I) detects Cu2+ with high sensitivity and selectivity and its fluorescence increases ten‐fold during the reversible binding process.
Enantioselective degradation of warfarin in soils
Authors: Lao Wenjian , Gan Jay 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEnvironmental enantioselectivity information is important to fate assessment of chiral contaminants. Warfarin, a rodenticide and prescription medicine, is a chiral chemical but used in racemic form. Little is known about its enantioselective behavior in the environment. In this study, enantioselective degradation of warfarin in a turfgrass and a groundcover soils was examined in aerobic and ambient temperature conditions. An enantioselective analytical method was established using a novel triproline chiral stationary phase in high performance liquid chromatography. Unusual peak profile patterns, i.e., first peak (S(−)) broadening/second peak (R(+)) compression with hexane (0.1%TFA)/2‐propanol (92/8, v/v) mobile phase, and first peak compression/second peak broadening with the (96/4, v/v) mobile phase, were observed in enantioseparation. This unique tunable peak property was leveraged in evaluating warfarin enantioselective degradation in two types of soil. Warfarin was extracted in high recovery from soil using methylene chloride after an aqueous phase basic‐acidic conversion. No apparent degradation of warfarin was observed in the sterile turfgrass and groundcover soils during the 28 days incubation, while it showed quick degradation (half‐life <7 days) in the nonsterile soils after a short lag period, suggesting warfarin degradation in the soils was mainly caused by micro‐organisms. Limited enantioselectivity was found in the both soils, which was the R(+) enantiomer was preferentially degraded. The half‐lives in turfgrass soil were 5.06 ± 0.13 and 5.97 ± 0.05 days, for the R(+) and the S(−) enantiomer, respectively. The corresponding values for the groundcover soil were 4.15 ± 0.11 and 4.47 ± 0.08 days. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural heterogeneity mediates the effect of community structure on cooperation
Authors: Xie Fengjie , Cui Wentian , Lin Jun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEmergence of cooperation in evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game strongly depends on the topology of underlying interaction network. We explore this dependence using community networks with different levels of structural heterogeneity, which are generated by a tunable upper‐bound on the total number of links that any vertex can have. We study the effect of community structure on cooperation by analyzing a finite population analogue of the evolutionary replicator dynamics. We find that structural heterogeneity mediates the effect of community structure on cooperation. In the community networks with low level of structural heterogeneity, community structure has negative effect on cooperation. However, the positive effect of community structure on cooperation appears and enhances with increasing structural heterogeneity. Our work may be helpful for understanding the complexity of cooperative behaviors in social networks. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2012