bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicate darkening in the Kobe CK chondrite: Evidence for shock metamorphism at high temperature
Authors: Tomeoka Kazushige , Ohnishi Ichiro , Nakamura Noboru 
Published: February 2010

Abstract— The Kobe CK4 chondrite, like most metamorphosed CK chondrites, exhibits pronounced silicate darkening of matrix and chondrule mesostases. Our petrographic and scanning electron microscopic study reveals that the matrix of Kobe consists mostly of intermixtures of two types of fine‐grained olivine. One forms subhedral to anhedral normal crystals. The other fills interstices of the subhedral to anhedral olivine crystals, exhibiting a complex network of veinlets. The latter type of olivine contains high densities of small spherical vesicles (<0.05‐3 μm in diameter) and grains (<0.05‐5 μm) of magnetite and pentlandite as well as round to anhedral grains (1–10 μm) of plagioclase, low‐Ca pyroxene, diopside and chlorapatite. The vesicular olivine is particularly abundant in regions of matrix that exhibit a relatively high degree of darkening and commonly fills chondrule mesostases. The vesicular olivine is clearly the principal cause of the silicate darkening in Kobe. The internal texture of the vesicular olivine closely resembles those of local melts produced from the matrices of experimentally and naturally shocked carbonaceous chondrites. The occurrence and texture of the vesicular olivine suggest that it resulted from recrystallization of partially melted matrix olivine by shock.Kobe exhibits light shock effects in olivine that are consistent with shock stage S2 that is too low to explain the occurrence of olivine melting. We suggest that the vesicular olivine in Kobe was produced by shock metamorphism at a relatively mild shock pressure (<25 GPa) and a high temperature (>600 °C). Thus, it is probable that the shock effects in olivine, manifest as fracturing and deformation, were relatively minor, but heating was strong enough to cause partial melting of matrix olivine.
A transmission electron microscope study of exsolution and coarsening in iron‐bearing clinopyroxene from synthetic analogues of chondrules
Authors: WEINBRUCH Stephan , MÜLLER Wolfgang F. , HEWINS Roger H. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract— The microstructure of Fe‐rich clinopyroxene from synthetic analogues of chondrules was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The samples were cooled at various rates from 1455 °C to the quench temperature of 1000 °C. Slow cooling at rates below approximately 50–60 °C/h leads to the development of coherent pigeonite/augite exsolution lamallae on (001). A final wavelength of 19.6 ± 1.1 nm was obtained at a cooling rate of 10 °C/h, and 17.4 ± 2.4 ran at a cooling rate of 50 °C/h. Faster cooling at rates between approximately 50 and 450 °C/h yields only modulated structures with a wavelength on the order of 17–19 nm for the (001) orientation.Coherent exsolution lamellae on (001) in clinopyroxene occur in chondrules of H, L, LL, and CV chondrites, indicating that slow cooling of chondrules at subsolidus temperatures is a widespread phenomenon. The variation of the lamellar wavelength observed in natural chondrules corresponds to a variation of the subsolidus cooling rates between ∼0.1 and 50 °C/h. The low cooling rates at subsolidus temperatures deduced from the microstructure of Fe‐rich clinopyroxene point to nonlinear cooling, with cooling rates decreasing with decreasing temperature.
Predicting the Sound Transmission Loss of Sandwich Panels by Statistical Energy Analysis Approach
Authors: Wang Tongan , Li Shan , Rajaram Shankar , Nutt Steven R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA statistical energy analysis (SEA) approach is used to predict the sound transmission loss (STL) of sandwich panels numerically. Unlike conventional SEA studies of the STL of sandwich panels, which consider only the antisymmetric (bending) motion of the sandwich panel, the present approach accounts for both antisymmetric and symmetric (dilatational) motions. Using the consistent higher-order sandwich plate theory, the wave numbers of the waves propagating in the sandwich panel were calculated. Using these wave numbers, the wave speed of the propagating waves, the modal density, and the radiation efficiency of the sandwich panels were determined. Finally, the sound transmission losses of two sandwich panels were calculated and compared with the experimentally measured values, as well as with conventional SEA predictions. The comparisons with the experimental data showed good agreement, and the superiority of the present approach relative to other approaches is discussed and analyzed.
Taenia saginata
Metacestode Antigenic Fractions without Affinity to Concanavalin A Are an Important Source of Specific Antigens for the Diagnosis of Human Neurocysticercosis
Authors: Oliveira Heliana B. , Machado Gleyce A. , Mineo José R. , Costa-Cruz Julia M. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Taenia saginata
metacestode antigens have been constituted a useful alternative antigen for neurocysticercosis (NC) serodiagnosis, particularly due to an increasing difficulty to obtain
Taenia solium
homologous antigen. Cross-reactivity with
Echinococcus granulosus
infection occurs in homologous and heterologous antigens and could be avoided by using different purified methods. The present study evaluated antigen fractions obtained from saline extracts of
T. saginata
metacestodes purified by affinity chromatography with jacalin or concanavalin A (ConA) lectins to detect IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot analysis to diagnose human NC. Serum samples were collected from 142 individuals: 40 of them were diagnosed with NC, 62 presented
Taenia
sp. and other parasites, and 40 were apparently healthy individuals. The jacalin- and ConA-unbound fractions demonstrated sensitivity and specificity higher than those of bound fractions. Among unbound fractions, ConA demonstrated statistically higher sensitivity and specificity by ELISA (90% and 93.1%, respectively). By immunoblot assay, the 64- to 68-kDa component from the ConA-unbound fraction showed 100% sensitivity and specificity, making this component suitable for use as a specific antigen for diagnosis of NC. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the relevance of using the unbound ConA fraction of
T. saginata
metacestodes to diagnose NC. In conclusion, the results obtained herein clearly demonstrate that antigenic fractions without affinity to ConA, obtained from
T. saginata
metacestodes, are an important source of specific peptides and are efficient in the diagnosis of NC when tested by immunoblot assay.
Tailor-made finance versus tailor-made care. Can the state strengthen consumer choice in healthcare by reforming the financial structure of long-term care?: Table 1
Authors: Grit K , de Bont A 
Published: February 2010

BackgroundPolicy instruments based on the working of markets have been introduced to empower consumers of healthcare. However, it is still not easy to become a critical consumer of healthcare.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to analyse the possibilities of the state to strengthen the position of patients with the aid of a new financial regime, such as personal health budgets.MethodsData were collected through in-depth interviews with executives, managers, professionals and client representatives of six long-term care institutions.ResultsWith the introduction of individual budgets the responsibility for budgetary control has shifted from the organisational level to the individual level in the caregiver-client relationship. Having more luxurious care on offer necessitates a stronger demarcation of regular care because organisations cannot simultaneously offer extra care as part of the standard care package. New financial instruments have an impact on the culture of receiving and giving care. Distributive justice takes on new meaning with the introduction of financial market mechanisms in healthcare; the distributing principle of ‘need’ is transformed into the principle of ‘economic demand’.ConclusionFinancial instruments not only act as a countervailing power against providers insufficiently client-oriented, but are also used by providers to reinforce their own positions vis-à-vis demanding clients. Tailor-made finance is not the same as tailor-made care.
Microbial community of salt crystals processed from Mediterranean seawater based on 16S rRNA analysis
Authors: Baati Houda , Guermazi Sonda , Gharsallah Neji , Sghir Abdelghani , Ammar Emna 
Published: February 2010

Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA was used to investigate for the first time the structure of the microbial community that inhabits salt crystals retrieved from the bottom of a solar saltern, located in the coastal area of the Mediterranean Sea (Sfax, Tunisia). This community lives in an extremely salty environment of 250–310 g/L total dissolved salt. A total of 78 bacterial 16S rRNA clone sequences making up to 21 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), determined by the DOTUR program to 97% sequence similarity, was analyzed. These OTUs were affiliated to Bacteroidetes (71.4% of OTUs), and γ-Proteobacteria and α-Proteobacteria (equally represented by 14.2% of the OTUs observed). The archaeal community composition appeared more diverse with 68 clones, resulting in 44 OTUs, all affiliated with the Euryarchaeota phylum. Of the bacterial and archaeal clones showing <97% 16S rRNA sequence identity with sequences in public databases, 47.6% and 84.1% respectively were novel clones. Both rarefaction curves and diversity measurements (Simpson, Shannon–Weaver, Chao) showed a more diverse archaeal than bacterial community at the Tunisian solar saltern pond. The analysis of an increasing clone’s number may reveal additional local diversity.
Comparison of antifungal efficacies of moxifloxacin, liposomal amphotericin B, and combination treatment in experimental Candida albicans endophthalmitis in rabbits
Authors: Deren Yudum Tiftikcioğlu , Özdek Şengül , Kalkanci Ayşe , Akyürek Nalan , Hasanreisoğlu Berati 
Published: February 2010

The goal of this study was to compare in vitro and in vivo efficacy of moxifloxacin and liposomal amphotericin B (Amp-B) monotherapies and combination treatment against Candida albicans in an exogenous endophthalmitis model in rabbit eyes. Microplate dilution tests and checkerboard analysis were performed to detect in vitro efficacies. Endophthalmitis was induced by intravitreal injection of C. albicans in 40 rabbit eyes with simultaneous intravitreal drug injection according to prophylactic treatment groups. Group 1 (control group) received 0.1 mL of balanced salt solution, group 2 (moxi group) 100 µg moxifloxacin/0.1 mL, group 3 (Amp-B group) 10 µg liposomal Amp-B/0.1 mL, and group 4 (combi group) both 100 µg moxifloxacin/0.05 mL and 10 µg liposomal Amp-B/0.05 mL intravitreally. Clinical examination, quantitative analysis of microorganisms, and histopathologic examination were performed as in vivo studies. The minimum inhibitory concentration of liposomal Amp-B against C. albicans was found to be 1 µg/mL. Moxifloxacin showed no inhibition of in vitro C. albicans growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of liposomal Amp-B for C. albicans were reduced two- to eightfold with increasing concentrations of moxifloxacin in vitro. In vivo, there was no C. albicans growth in the combi group (zero of eight eyes), whereas three eyes (37.5%) showed growth in the Amp-B group. Vitreous inflammation, retinal detachment, focal retinal necrosis, and outer nuclear layer loss were found to be lower in the moxi group compared with the control group. Ganglion cell and inner nuclear layer loss was observed in all eyes (100%) in both the moxi and combi groups, whereas only in 25% (two of eight eyes) in the Amp-B group. Moxifloxacin strongly augments the efficacy of liposomal Amp-B against C. albicans in vitro, although it has no in vitro antifungal activity when used alone. It is interesting that we found a synergistic effect for in vitro tests but failed to demonstrate it in vivo. When 100 µg moxifloxacin/0.1 mL is given intravitreally, it has some toxic effects that are limited to the inner retinal layers.
Venous thromboembolism risk and prophylaxis in hospitalised medically ill patients
Authors: Cohen Alexander , Tapson Victor , Goldhaber Samuel , Kakkar Ajay , Deslandes Bruno , Huang Wei , Anderson Frederick , Bergmann Jean-Francois ,   for the ENDORSE Investigators
Published: February 2010

SummaryLimited data are available regarding the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and VTE prophylaxis use in hospitalised medically ill patients. We analysed data from the global ENDORSE survey to evaluate VTE risk and prophylaxis use in this population according to diagnosis, baseline characteristics, and country. Data on patient characteristics, VTE risk, and prophylaxis use were abstracted from hospital charts. VTE risk and prophylaxis use were evaluated according to the 2004 American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify factors associated with use of ACCP-recommended prophylaxis. Data were evaluated for 37,356 hospitalised medical patients across 32 countries. VTE risk varied according to medical diagnosis, from 31.2% of patients with gastrointestinal/hepatobiliary diseases to 100% of patients with acute heart failure, active non-infectious respiratory disease, or pulmonary infection (global rate, 41.5%). Among those at risk for VTE, ACCP-recommended prophylaxis was used in 24.4% haemorrhagic stroke patients and 40–45% of cardiopulmonary disease patients (global rate, 39.5%). Large differences in prophylaxis use were observed among countries. Markers of disease severity, including central venous catheters, mechanical ventilation, and admission to intensive care units, were strongly associated with use of ACCP-recommended prophylaxis. In conclusion, VTE risk varies according to medical diagnosis. Less than 40% of at-risk hospitalised medical patients receive ACCP-recommended prophylaxis. Prophylaxis use appears to be associated with disease severity rather than medical diagnosis. These data support the necessity to improve implementation of available guidelines for evaluating VTE risk and providing prophylaxis to hospitalised medical patients.
Relapse of leukemia with loss of mismatched HLA resulting from uniparental disomy after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Villalobos Itzel Bustos , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Akatsuka Yoshiki , Muramatsu Hideki , Nishio Nobuhiro , Hama Asahito , Yagasaki Hiroshi , Saji Hiroh , Kato Motohiro , Ogawa Seishi , Kojima Seiji 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We investigated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression on leukemic cells derived from patients at diagnosis and relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using flow cytometry with locus-specific antibodies. Two of 3 patients who relapsed after HLA-haploidentical HSCT demonstrated loss of HLA alleles in leukemic cells at relapse; on the other hand, no loss of HLA alleles was seen in 6 patients who relapsed after HLA-identical HSCT. Single-nucleotide polymorphism array analyses of sorted leukemic cells further revealed the copy number-neutral loss of heterozygosity, namely, acquired uniparental disomy on the short arm of chromosome 6, resulting in the total loss of the mismatched HLA haplotype. These results suggest that the escape from immunosurveillance by the loss of mismatched HLA alleles may be a crucial mechanism of relapse after HLA-haploidentical HSCT. Accordingly, the status of mismatched HLA on relapsed leukemic cells should be checked before donor lymphocyte infusion.
Optical characterization of colloidal CdSe quantum dots in endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Molnár Mátyás , Fu Ying , Friberg Peter , Chen Yun 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We have quantitatively analyzed the confocal spectra of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) in rat endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) by using Leica TCS SP5 Confocal Microscopy System. Comparison of the confocal spectra of QDs located inside and outside EPCs revealed that the interaction between the QDs and EPCs effectively reduces the radius of the exciton confinement inside the QDs so that the excitonic energy increases and the QD fluorescence peak blueshifts. Furthermore, the EPC environment surrounding the QDs shields the QDs so that the excitation of the QDs inside the cells is relatively weak, whereas the QDs outside the cells can be highly excited. At high excitations, the occupation of the ground excitonic state in the QD outside the cells becomes saturated and high-energy states excited, resulting in a large relaxation energy and a broad fluorescence peak. This permits, in concept, to use QD biomarkers to monitor EPCs by characterizing QD fluorescence spectra.
Carotenoid Radicals: Cryptochemistry of Natural Colorants
Authors: Kispert Lowell D , Polyakov Nikolay E 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
This review examines the properties and uses of carotenoid radicals. Their mechanisms of action on the molecular level play a crucial role in electron transfer and light regulation processes in photosynthesis, in the design of improved artificial solar cells, and in the scavenging of toxic free radicals. There is a remarkable increase in the quantum yield and the lifetime of the charge-separated states of the carotenoid radical cations in the supramolecular “hosts” β-glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and arabinogalactan (AG).
Size Effect of Silica-supported Gold Clusters in the Microwave-assisted Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol with H2O2
Authors: Liu Yongmei , Tsunoyama Hironori , Akita Tomoki , Tsukuda Tatsuya 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Gold clusters with average diameters of 0.8, 1.5, and 1.9 nm were prepared on mesoporous silica (SBA-15) by controlling the calcination time of an Au11(PPh3)7Cl3/SBA-15 composite. It was found that the catalytic activity for benzyl alcohol oxidation decreased monotonically with the increase in size.
Blue, Green, and Red Light Emission of 1,8-Carbazole-based Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Osako Haruka , Murata Kimie , Shigehara Kiyotaka 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Blue, green, and red light emitting conjugated copolymers based on the 1,8-linked carbazole unit were synthesized by the Sonogashira polycondensation between the 1,8-diethynylcarbazole derivative and arylene dibromide comonomers. The mixture of three polycarbazoles at a suitable molar ratio provided the white light emission in solutions.
Ultrastrong Gravity-induced Unusual Reactivity in Radical Addition of Bromotrichloromethane to Ethyl Cinnamate
Authors: Abe Yasuyuki , Sawada Tsuyoshi , Takafuji Makoto , Mashimo Tsutomu , Ono Masao , Ihara Hirotaka 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Radical addition of bromotrichloromethane to ethyl cinnamate was carried out under an ultrastrong gravitational field (&gt;2.5 × 105 G), and ethyl 3-chloro-3-phenyl-2-(trichloromethyl)propionate (A), ethyl 3-bromo-3-phenyl-2-(trichloromethyl)propionate (B), and ethyl 2-bromo-3-phenyl-3-(trichloromethyl)propionate (C) were isolated by reversed-phase HPLC. To date, there has been no report of the synthesis of A and C at 1 G, and this would be the first example of a selectivity change induced by ultrastrong gravity.
Regioselective Oxidation of Pyrrole Derivatives with DDQ and Its Synthetic Application
Authors: Iwamoto Ryoji , Ukaji Yutaka , Inomata Katsuhiko 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
t-Butyl 4-alkyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates were oxidized with DDQ in the presence of MeOH at the α-position of the alkyl substituent at the C-4 position regioselectively to afford 4-acylpyrrole derivatives. On the other hand, treatment of the pyrroles with DDQ in the presence of AcOH furnished the corresponding 4-(1-acetoxyalkyl)pyrroles. The resulting 4-(acetoxymethyl)pyrrole reacted with various nucleophiles to afford the functionalized pyrrole derivatives in good yields.
Thermoresponsive Fluorescent Sensor Based on Core/Shell Nanocomposite Composed of Gold Nanoparticles and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
Authors: Wongkongkatep Jirarut , Ladadat Runchuan , Lappermpunsap Woraphoj , Wongkongkatep Pravit , Phinyocheep Pranee , Ojida Akio , Hamachi Itaru 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We developed a new thermometric fluorescent sensor based on core/shell nanocomposite composed of gold nanoparticles and thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), which shows a reversible fluorescence change in response to a temperature change.
One-dimensional Tube-like {51262}n Water Clusters Stabilized in a Molecular Nanoporous Framework
Authors: Tadokoro Makoto , Iida Chihiro , Saitoh Takahito , Suda Takahiro , Miyazato Yuji 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Water nanotube clusters (WNTs) contained in nanochannels of molecular porous crystal are prepared. The structure of these WNT is almost the same as that of partial clathrate-hydrate type-I, which is constructed from 1-D {51262}n water clusters stabilized under ambient atmosphere. The WNT has a structural phase transition at −53.5 °C from the solid to liquid state.
Selective Coupling at the α-Amino Group of Cysteine Using Transfer Active-ester-condensation Technology to Synthesize a Linear Octadecapeptide
Authors: Liao Yongxiang , Kong Yan , Hu Naifeng , Jin Zhi , Wang Pu 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The peptide segment Fmoc-Ubiquitin67–76-NHNH2 was converted to the active ester Fmoc-Ubiquitin67–76-OCt and reacted with an unprotected seven residue fragment (H-mNGF110–117-OH) from murine Nerve Growth Factor, which contains a Cys at the N-terminus and a free ε-amino group at Lys115, using transfer active-ester-condensation (TAEC) technology. The linear product H-Ubiquitin67–76-murine Nerve Growth Factor110–117-OH was formed exclusively through the native chemical ligation mechanism.
Low-temperature Heteroepitaxy of Morphology-controlled ZnO Mirco/Nanorod Arrays on GaN Substrates
Authors: Chao Cha-Hsin , Lin Wen-Han , Chen Chang-Ho , Changjean Ching-Hua , Pan Chang-Chi , Lin Ching-Fuh 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
The influence of GaN seed morphology on the growth of ZnO rods by solution-based process is investigated. The orientation, defect density, and crystallinity of ZnO rods are systematically studied in this research. The structural properties of ZnO rods are investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). With different solution concentration treatments, the scale of ZnO rods is controlled with a wide size range from 130 nm up to 2.5 µm in diameter. Our investigation demonstrates that the morphologies of GaN seeding layers have strong influences on the features of the ZnO rods grown thereon. The low-temperature heteroepitaxy of ZnO mirco/nanoarchitecture arrays on GaN can be very useful for many device applications, especially for light-emitting diodes.
Copper-catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of Vinyl Selenides under Ligand-free Conditions
Authors: Reddy Vutukuri Prakash , Kumar Akkilagunta Vijay , Rao Kakulapati Rama 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
A mild and efficient protocol for the stereoselective synthesis of vinyl selenides catalyzed by CuO nanoparticles as recyclable catalyst under ligand-free conditions is reported. This methodology results in the synthesis of a variety of vinyl selenides in excellent yields with retention of stereochemistry.