bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights into the interpretation of the results of four point bending tests on float glass
Authors: Veer F. A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe four point bending test is one of the most commonly used and standardised tests to determine the mechanical properties of materials. For its use on float glass there are both the ASTM C158-02R17 and European EN 1288-3:2001 standards. However when testing float glass the results tend be a statistical muddle. This impacts the reliability of the design strength of float glass determined using four point bending tests. In an attempt to resolve this problem a series of four point bending tests were conducted which were designed to be more systematic than those previously reported in the literature and which use newly developed digital microscopy techniques for pre- and post-test analysis. By systematically testing, the test results can be divided into different groups based on air side, Sn side and source of failure, allowing the data to be divided into clear and separate statistical groups. Secondly the results can potentially be used to validate the lower bound glass strength theory proposed by Ballarini et al. (J Eng Mech 142(12):04016100, 2016). The glass specimens were industrially cut, ground, chamfered and flat polished on the long sides. Specimens were checked using advanced digital microscopy before and after testing. The results suggest that uni-modal Weibull behaviour only applies above a critical failure stress. Failures at stresses below this critical failure stress as a group have a separate and steeper Weibull slope. This supports Ballarini’s theory for a lower bound failure strength although there are important differences between the air side and Sn side of the specimens which this theory does not currently allow for. These differences seem to be inherent to the differences between the glass and the Sn sides. The results also show that the strength of cut, ground, chamfered and flat polished glass can be high but that inconsistency in process control and the irregular occurrence of surface failures are the main causes for the statistical spread. Digital microscopy can reliably measure the quality of the various surfaces and intersections of surfaces of a glass specimen but there is no absolute relation between the size of a detected defect and the probability that this defect actually leads to failure.
Investigation of the Compound Strength of Hybrid Casting Components with Different Variations of Coated and Undercut Sheet Metal
Authors: Bruckmeier Lukas , Ringel Aron , Erck Marvin , Bailly David , Bobzin Kirsten , Heinemann Hendrik , Bührig-Polaczek Andreas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLightweight design can reduce CO2 emissions and improve energy efficiency, especially in the fuel-intensive transportation sector. Multi-material design approaches can combine specific properties of materials for effective lightweight design. A multi-material component made from two metals used widely in industry could combine the exceptionally lightweight properties of aluminum with the strength and structural integrity of steel. However, joining aluminum and steel is a challenge due to their different thermo-physical properties and the possible formation of brittle intermetallic phases. In hybrid casting, aluminum is cast around a steel sheet insert in a high-pressure die casting process to produce complex parts. In a first approach, a cold gas sprayed aluminum coating on the insert was tested as a bonding agent between the steel substrate and the molten aluminum. The joint was achieved by a combination of metallurgical bonding and micro-clamping. As a second option, surface structures with undercuts were applied to the steel sheet by modified cold rolling, which allowed the molten aluminum to flow into the channels and interlock with the solid steel. Different orientations of the structure on the insert were tested. In addition, the combination of both approaches was used to potentially enhance the positive effect of the pretreatment techniques. Given the critical importance of joint strength, the quality of these approaches was tested by static tensile tests and dynamic fatigue tests. The results show that the joint by coatings is strongly influenced by the process temperature. The improvement of the joint by the surface structure depends on its orientation to the melt flow.
Experimental evaluation of a heat exchanger for different configurations between internal and external flow
Authors: Ramírez-Dolores C. , Andaverde J. , Ordoñez-Castillo L. , Wong-Loya J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the present work, the determination of the thermal effectiveness and temperature of the air at the outlet of a scale prototype of a heat exchanger immersed in flowing water was developed experimentally. This depended on the position of the working fluid (air) and of the heat exchanger positioning configuration. The tested positions were parallel flow, quasi-parallel oblique, counterflow, quasi-counterflow oblique, and crossflow. The temperature of the air at the outlet of the heat exchanger and the thermal effectiveness are essential to determine the most convenient operating position of these systems, especially those related to shallow geothermal energy. The thermohydraulic aspects of the heat exchanger presented were evaluated, by the Number of Transfer Units-Effectiveness (NTU-ε) method, under conditions of water flow in a natural channel and air flow induced by a blower, the system was built from commercial copper pipe and temperature sensors were placed in both the exchanger and the water to record temperature changes. The results of this study indicate that when the exchanger is positioned in the oblique quasi-counterflow position and the oblique quasi-parallel position, it exhibits the lowest air outlet temperatures and highest thermal effectiveness, which is relevant for building cooling applications.
A review of crop residue-based biochar as an efficient adsorbent to remove trace elements from aquatic systems
Authors: Haris Muhammad , Amjad Zainab , Usman Muhammad , Saleem Atif , Dyussenova Ainur , Mahmood Zarak , Dina Kukybayeva , Guo Junkang , Wang Wenke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCrop residue-based biochar (CRB) has shown great potential for removing trace elements (TEs) from aquatic matrices. Despite the increasing interest in this area, no review has focused specifically on the efficacy of CRB for TEs removal in aquatic environments. This comprehensive review examines the global TEs water contamination status with an emphasis on their sources, compositional metrics for crop residue feedstock (proximate, ultimate, and lignocellulosic properties), and the potential use of CRB for TEs removal in aquatic media. It also evaluates the factors that affect the ability of CRB to remove TEs, such as feedstock type, production conditions, water pH, background electrolytes, water temperature, CRB/water ratio, and underlying pollutant sorption mechanisms. This review also discusses the practical applications of CRB in real water samples and engineering considerations for designing CRB with improved physicochemical properties, treatment efficiencies, and regeneration abilities. Additionally, the cost–benefit and economic assessment of CRB, challenges, and future research directions related to CRB are highlighted to promote research on this sustainable source of biochar. By elucidating the prospects of CRB as an adsorbent, this review emphasizes the need for continued research on its practical implications for environmentally relevant pollutant concentrations.
Graphical Abstract
Restoring blue carbon ecosystems
Authors: Friess Daniel A. , Shribman Zoë I. , Stankovic Milica , Iram Naima , Baustian Melissa M. , Ewers Lewis Carolyn J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrasses have experienced extensive historical reduction in extent due to direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic land use change. Habitat loss has contributed carbon emissions and led to foregone opportunities for carbon sequestration, which are disproportionately large due to high ‘blue carbon’ stocks and sequestration rates in these coastal ecosystems. As such, there has been a rapid increase in interest in using coastal habitat restoration as a climate change mitigation tool. This review shows that restoration efforts are able to substantially increase blue carbon stocks, while also having a positive impact on various gaseous fluxes. However, blue carbon increases are spatially variable, due to biophysical factors such as climate and geomorphic setting. While there are potentially hundreds of thousands of hectares of land that may be biophysically suitable for restoration, these activities are still often conducted at small scales and with mixed success. Maximizing potential carbon gains through blue carbon restoration will require managers and coastal planners to overcome the myriad socioeconomic and governance constraints related to land tenure, legislation, target setting and cost, which often push restoration projects into locations that are biophysically unsuitable for plant colonization.
The Coble quadric
Authors: Benedetti Vladimiro , Bolognesi Michele , Faenzi Daniele , Manivel Laurent 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Given a smooth genus three curve C, the moduli space of rank two stable vector bundles on C with trivial determinant embeds in

${\mathbb {P}}^8$

as a hypersurface whose singular locus is the Kummer threefold of C; this hypersurface is the Coble quartic. Gruson, Sam and Weyman realized that this quartic could be constructed from a general skew-symmetric four-form in eight variables. Using the lines contained in the quartic, we prove that a similar construction allows to recover

$\operatorname {\mathrm {SU}}_C(2,L)$

, the moduli space of rank two stable vector bundles on C with fixed determinant of odd degree L, as a subvariety of

$G(2,8)$

. In fact, each point

$p\in C$

defines a natural embedding of

$\operatorname {\mathrm {SU}}_C(2,{\mathcal {O}}(p))$

in

$G(2,8)$

. We show that, for the generic such embedding, there exists a unique quadratic section of the Grassmannian which is singular exactly along the image of

$\operatorname {\mathrm {SU}}_C(2,{\mathcal {O}}(p))$

and thus deserves to be coined the Coble quadric of the pointed curve

$(C,p)$

.
A remarkable spiny arachnid from the Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek Lagerstätte, Illinois
Authors: Selden Paul A. , Dunlop Jason A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA new genus and species of arachnid (Chelicerata: Arachnida), Douglassarachne acanthopoda n. gen. n. sp., is described from the late Carboniferous (Moscovian) Coal Measures of the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte, Illinois, USA. This is a unique animal with distinctive large spines on the legs. It has a subovate body, a segmented opisthosoma, and a terminal anal tubercle. The legs are robust and appear to have been similar in construction throughout the limb series, with heavy spination of the preserved proximal podomeres. The mouthparts and coxo-sternal region are equivocal. The preserved character combination does not permit easy referral to any known arachnid order, living or extinct, thus the new fossil in placed as Arachnida/Pantetrapulmonata incertae sedis. It contributes to an emerging pattern of disparate body plans among late Carboniferous arachnids, ranging from anatomically modern members of living orders through to extinct taxa, such as the present fossil, whose phylogenetic position remains unresolved.UUID: http://zoobank.org/b70f5f95-9c8b-4389-bee5-b6031bff2ee2
Can requests for real-world evidence by the French HTA body be planned? An exhaustive retrospective case–control study of medicinal products appraisals from 2016 to 2021
Authors: Fernandez Judith , Babin Céleste , Thomassin Camille , Pelon Floriane , Kelley Sophie , Cochat Pierre , Galbraith Margaret , Berdaï Driss , Pariente Antoine , Salvo Francesco , Vanier Antoine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
In France, decisions for pricing and reimbursement for medicinal products are based on appraisals performed by the National authority for health (Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS)). During the appraisal process, additional real-world evidence can be requested as “Post-Registration Studies” (PRS) when there are uncertainties in evidence that could be resolved by additional data collection. To facilitate PRS planning, a retrospective exploratory analysis was conducted to identify the characteristics of medicinal products associated with a PRS request.

Methods
This analysis encompassed all appraisals finalized between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2021 and compared products for which the appraisal led to a PRS request with those that did not.

Results
Six hundred positive opinions for reimbursement were identified, with a PRS request present in 17 percent (n = 103) of cases. The independent characteristics associated with a PRS request were a mild or moderate clinical benefit score, a major to moderate or minor clinical added value score, previous availability under an early access program, and certain therapeutic areas (neurology, pulmonology, and endocrinology). These findings suggest two different profiles of PRS requests: (i) products for which there is uncertainty in the size of the clinical benefit and (ii) innovative products for which a substantial benefit is expected but uncertainties persist.

Conclusions
These results will assist health technology developers to better anticipate data generation to promptly address uncertainties identified by HAS. It may also help HAS and other assessment agencies to work together to improve postlaunch evidence generation according to the characteristics of the medicinal products.
The impact of high-immersion virtual reality on EFL learners’ foreign language speaking anxiety: A mixed-method approach
Authors: Ding Miaomiao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh-immersion virtual reality (HiVR) attracts increasing attention among language learning researchers because of its potential to enhance language learning. Prior studies focused mainly on HiVR and linguistic knowledge acquisition, and little is known about HiVR and emotions in language learning. Foreign language speaking anxiety (FLSA) is a common emotion that inhibits language learning and use, so it is important to explore approaches to alleviate it. This study investigated the potential use of HiVR for coping with FLSA in which 140 Chinese EFL learners were randomly assigned to four groups (35 students each) with a different combination of learning environments (HiVR or classroom) and learning principles (situated learning or teacher-centred learning). Students’ pre- and post-test of FLSA levels within and among four groups were compared via t-tests and ANOVA. Participants’ descriptions of FLSA change and perceptions of the effects of HiVR on FLSA were integrated with quantitative results for analysis. The integration of analysis showed that although most students perceived HiVR as a useful tool for alleviating FLSA, it is difficult for them to apply the reduced anxiety experienced in HiVR to real-life situations. The statistical results also showed that HiVR did not influence students’ real-life FLSA significantly. Most participants reported that HiVR offered them an authentic environment and enjoyable learning activities, which engaged them in learning, but the use of avatars in HiVR sometimes created an obstacle to communication. Implications for using HiVR technology to enhance foreign language learning are provided.
Integrating Disaster and Dignitary Medicine Principles into a Medical Framework for Organizational Travel Health and Security Planning
Authors: Tin Derrick , Granholm Fredrik , Guirguis Michael , Almulhim Mobarak , Ciottone Gregory 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis Editorial explores organizational travel risk management and advocates for a comprehensive approach to fortify health security for travelers, emphasizing proactive risk management, robust assessments, and strategic planning. Leveraging insights from very important persons (VIP) protocols, organizations can enhance duty of care and ensure personnel safety amidst global travel complexities.
Non-suicidal self-injury in trichotillomania and skin picking disorder
Authors: Grant Jon E. , Collins Madison 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundTrichotillomania and skin picking disorder have been characterized as body-focused repetitive behavior (BFRB) disorders (i.e., repetitive self-grooming behaviors that involve biting, pulling, picking, or scraping one’s own hair, skin, lips, cheeks, or nails). Trichotillomania and skin picking disorder have also historically been classified, by some, as types of compulsive self-injury as they involve repetitive hair pulling and skin picking, respectively. The question of the relationship of these disorders to more conventional forms of self-injury such as cutting or self-burning remains incompletely investigated. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of these two disorders with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI).MethodsAdults with trichotillomania (n = 93) and skin picking (n = 105) or both (n = 82) were recruited from the general population using advertisements and online support groups and completed an online survey. Participants completed self-report instruments to characterize clinical profiles and associated characteristics. In addition, each participant completed a mental health history questionnaire.ResultsOf the 280 adults with BFRB disorders, 141 (50.1%) reported a history of self-injury independent of hair pulling and skin picking. Participants with a history of self-injury reported significantly worse pulling and picking symptoms (p < .001) and were significantly more likely to have co-occurring alcohol problems (p < .001), borderline personality disorder (p < .001), buying disorder (p < .001), gambling disorder (p < .001), compulsive sex behavior (p < 001), and binge eating disorder (p = .041).ConclusionsNSSI appears common in trichotillomania and skin picking disorder and may be part of a larger constellation of behaviors associated with impulse control or reward-related dysfunction.
Association between plant-based diet quality and chronic kidney disease in Australian adults
Authors: Stanford Jordan , Stefoska-Needham Anita , Lambert Kelly , Batterham Marijka J , Charlton Karen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To examine associations between three different plant-based diet quality indices, chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence and related risk factors in a nationally representative sample of the Australian population.

Design:
Cross-sectional analysis. Three plant-based diet scores were calculated using data from two 24-h recalls: an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), a healthy PDI (hPDI) and an unhealthy PDI (uPDI). Consumption of plant and animal ingredients from ‘core’ and ‘discretionary’ products was also differentiated. Associations between the three PDI scores and CKD prevalence, BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP) measures, blood cholesterol, apo B, fasting TAG, blood glucose levels (BGL) and HbA1c were examined.

Setting:
Australian Health Survey 2011–2013.

Participants:
n 2060 adults aged ≥ 18 years (males: n 928; females: n 1132).

Results:
A higher uPDI score was associated with a 3·7 % higher odds of moderate-severe CKD (OR: 1·037 (1·0057–1·0697); P = 0·021)). A higher uPDI score was also associated with increased TAG (P = 0·032) and BGL (P < 0·001), but lower total- and LDL-cholesterol (P = 0·035 and P = 0·009, respectively). In contrast, a higher overall PDI score was inversely associated with WC (P < 0·001) and systolic BP (P = 0·044), while higher scores for both the overall PDI and hPDI were inversely associated with BMI (P < 0·001 and P = 0·019, respectively).

Conclusions:
A higher uPDI score reflecting greater intakes of refined grains, salty plant-based foods and added sugars were associated with increased CKD prevalence, TAG and BGL. In the Australian population, attention to diet quality remains paramount, even in those with higher intakes of plant foods and who wish to reduce the risk of CKD.
Does the World Trade Organization Enable Biosecurity and Trade for Importers and Exporters?
Authors: Fernandez Linda , Das Monica 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOur paper sheds light on Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) cooperation among trading countries. We contribute to the existing literature a data-driven analysis on the effectiveness of various forms (in monetary value, duration, and diversification) of SPS related technical assistance received by 33 countries from 1993 to 2015. The World Trade Organization's (WTO's) SPS Agreement encourages biosecurity for countries through technical assistance, to safeguard human health and productivity from contamination by biological hazards (pests, pathogens, or invasive species). Our panel model finds that WTO's SPS program encourages simultaneously agricultural trade and biosecurity. We implement a Multiple Indicator Solution (MIS) to correct bias from the endogenous technical assistance. The effectiveness of technical assistance depends on geography and the level of development among the heterogeneous countries referred to in our data. This investment in biosecurity benefits both donors and recipients of technical assistance. Based on our results donors should be encouraged to invest in countries with below average resources and abilities.
TRICE‐2/SuperDARN Observations and Comparison With the Associated MMS Magnetopause Crossing
Authors: Trattner K. J. , Fuselier S. A. , Kletzing C. A. , Bonnell J. W. , Bounds S. R. , Petrinec S. M. , Sawyer R. P. , Yeoman T. K. , Ergun R. E. , Burch J. L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTwo sounding rockets, designated TRICE‐2, were launched on 8 December 2018 into the northern cusp region. The two rockets were designated the high‐ and low‐flyers, respectively, and launched 2 min apart to investigate cusp structures, specifically their spatial or temporal nature. 2 hr prior to the cusp encounter by the TRICE‐2 rockets, the MMS satellites, located in the magnetopause boundary layer, observed switching ion beams under very similar IMF conditions as later observed by TRICE‐2. The observed ion beam switch in the boundary layer defined the location of the primary dayside X‐line. Both, TRICE‐2 and MMS, also observed the signatures of multiple X‐lines at the magnetopause, overlapping ion‐energy dispersions in the cusp and counterstreaming ion beams in the magnetopause boundary layer, respectively. In addition to the TRICE‐2 cusp observations, ionospheric convection patterns from the SuperDARN radar are used to explain the vastly different cusp ion signatures observed by the TRICE‐2 rockets. While the high‐flyer rocket progressed north through the center of the cusp, the low‐flyer rocket drifted off to the east and crossed into the dusk convection cell, traveling perpendicular to the ionospheric convection direction before reaching the poleward oriented section of the convection cell also observed by the high‐flyer counterpart.