bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiative transfer of 21-cm line through ionized cavities in an expanding universe
Authors: Wu Kinwah , Han Qin , Chan Jennifer Y H 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The optical depth parameterization is typically used to study the 21-cm signals associated with the properties of the neutral hydrogen (H i) gas and the ionization morphology during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), without solving the radiative transfer equation. To assess the uncertainties resulting from this simplification, we conduct explicit radiative transfer calculations using the cosmological 21-cm line radiative transfer (C21LRT) code and examine the imprints of ionization structures on the 21-cm spectrum. We consider a globally averaged reionization history and implement fully ionized cavities (H ii bubbles) of diameters d ranging from 0.01 to 10 Mpc at epochs within the emission and the absorption regimes of the 21-cm global signal. The single-ray C21LRT calculations show that the shape of the imprinted spectral features are primarily determined by d and the 21-cm line profile, which is parametrized by the turbulent velocity of the H i gas. It reveals the spectral features tied to the transition from ionized to neutral regions that calculations based on the optical depth parametrization were unable to capture. We also present analytical approximations of the calculated spectral features of the H ii bubbles. The multiple-ray calculations show that the apparent shape of an H ii bubble (of d = 5 Mpc at z = 8), because of the finite speed of light, differs depending on whether the bubble’s ionization front is stationary or expanding. Our study shows the necessity of properly accounting for the effects of line-continuum interaction, line broadening, and cosmological expansion to correctly predict the EoR 21-cm signals.
Wiring Between Close Nodes in Molecular Networks Evolves More Quickly Than Between Distant Nodes
Authors: Gil-Gomez Alejandro , Rest Joshua S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As species diverge, a wide range of evolutionary processes lead to changes in protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and metabolic networks. The rate at which molecular networks evolve is an important question in evolutionary biology. Previous empirical work has focused on interactomes from model organisms to calculate rewiring rates, but this is limited by the relatively small number of species and sparse nature of network data across species. We present a proxy for variation in network topology: variation in drug–drug interactions (DDIs), obtained by studying drug combinations (DCs) across taxa. Here, we propose the rate at which DDIs change across species as an estimate of the rate at which the underlying molecular network changes as species diverge. We computed the evolutionary rates of DDIs using previously published data from a high-throughput study in gram-negative bacteria. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we found that DDIs diverge rapidly over short evolutionary time periods, but that divergence saturates over longer time periods. In parallel, we mapped drugs with known targets in PPI and cofunctional networks. We found that the targets of synergistic DDIs are closer in these networks than other types of DCs and that synergistic interactions have a higher evolutionary rate, meaning that nodes that are closer evolve at a faster rate. Future studies of network evolution may use DC data to gain larger-scale perspectives on the details of network evolution within and between species.
Signatures of Adaptation and Purifying Selection in Highland Populations of Dasiphora fruticosa
Authors: Yang Fu-Sheng , Liu Min , Guo Xing , Xu Chao , Jiang Juan , Mu Weixue , Fang Dongming , Xu Yong-Chao , Zhang Fu-Min , Wang Ying-Hui , Yang Ting , Chen Hongyun , Sahu Sunil Kumar , Li Ruirui , Wang Guanlong , Wang Qiang , Xu Xun , Ge Song , Liu Huan , Guo Ya-Long 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
High mountains harbor a considerable proportion of biodiversity, but we know little about how diverse plants adapt to the harsh environment. Here we finished a high-quality genome assembly for Dasiphora fruticosa, an ecologically important plant distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and lowland of the Northern Hemisphere, and resequenced 592 natural individuals to address how this horticulture plant adapts to highland. Demographic analysis revealed D. fruticosa underwent a bottleneck after Naynayxungla Glaciation. Selective sweep analysis of two pairs of lowland and highland populations identified 63 shared genes related to cell wall organization or biogenesis, cellular component organization, and dwarfism, suggesting parallel adaptation to highland habitats. Most importantly, we found that stronger purging of estimated genetic load due to inbreeding in highland populations apparently contributed to their adaptation to the highest mountain. Our results revealed how plants could tolerate the extreme plateau, which could provide potential insights for species conservation and crop breeding.
TARGET: A phase I/II open-label multicenter study to assess safety and efficacy of fexagratinib in patients with relapsed/refractory FGFR fusion-positive glioma
Authors: Picca Alberto , Di Stefano Anna Luisa , Savatovsky Julien , Ducray François , Chinot Olivier , Moyal Elisabeth Cohen-Jonathan , Augereau Paule , Le Rhun Emilie , Schmitt Yohann , Rousseaux Nabila , Yepnang Ariane Murielle Mbekwe , Estellat Candice , Charbonneau Frédérique , Letourneur Quentin , Branger Dominique Figarella , Meyronet David , Fardeau Christine , Mokhtari Karima , Bielle Franck , Iavarone Antonio , Sanson Marc 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Oncogenic FGFR–TACC fusions are present in 3–5% of high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Fexagratinib (AZD4547) is an oral FGFR1–3 inhibitor with preclinical activity in FGFR–TACC+ gliomas. We tested its safety and efficacy in patients with recurrent FGFR–TACC + HGGs.

Patients and Methods
TARGET (NCT02824133) is a phase I/II open-label multicenter study that included adult patients with FGFR–TACC + HGGs relapsing after ≥1 line of standard chemoradiation. Patients received fexagratinib 80 mg bd on a continuous schedule until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was the 6-month progression-free survival rate (PFS6).

Results
Twelve patients with recurrent IDH wildtype FGFR–TACC + HGGs (all FGFR3–TACC3+) were included in the efficacy cohort (male/female ratio = 1.4, median age = 61.5 years). Most patients (67%) were included at the first relapse. The PFS6 was 25% (95% confidence interval 5–57%), with a median PFS of 1.4 months. All patients without progression at 6 months (n = 3) were treated at first recurrence (versus 56% of those in progression) and remained progression-free for 14–23 months. The best response was RANO partial response in 1 patient (8%), stable disease in 5 (42%), and progressive disease in 6 (50%). Median survival was 17.5 months from inclusion. Grade 3 toxicities included lymphopenia, hyperglycaemia, stomatitis, nail changes, and alanine aminotransferase increase (n = 1 each). No grade 4–5 toxicities were seen. A 32-gene signature was associated with the benefit of FGFR inhibition in FGFR3–TACC3 + HGGs.

Conclusions
Fexagratinib exhibited acceptable toxicity but limited efficacy in recurrent FGFR3–TACC3 + HGGs. Patients treated at first recurrence appeared more likely to benefit, yet additional evidence is required.
Endocrine therapy in advanced high-grade ovarian cancer: real-life data from a multicenter study and a review of the literature
Authors: Aubert Marine , Mathiot Laurent , Vegas Hélène , Ouldamer Lobna , Linassier Claude , Augereau Paule , Bocquet François , Frenel Jean-Sébastien , Cancel Mathilde 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
In women, ovarian cancer is the eighth most frequent cancer in incidence and mortality. It is often diagnosed at advanced stages; relapses are frequent, with a poor prognosis. When platinum resistant, subsequent lines of chemotherapy are of limited effect and often poorly tolerated, leading to quality of life deterioration. Various studies suggest a hormonal role in ovarian carcinogenesis, with a rationale for endocrine therapy in these cancers.

Patients and Methods
This multicenter, retrospective study assessed the use of endocrine treatment for high-grade ovarian epithelial carcinomas treated between 2010 and 2020.

Results
Eighty-one patients with ovarian cancers were included. The median duration of platinum sensitivity was 29 months. We observed a 35% disease control rate with endocrine therapy, and 10% reported symptom improvement. For 19 patients (23.5%), the disease was stabilized for more than 6 months. Median overall survival from diagnosis was 62.6 months. Regarding endocrine therapy predictive factors of response, in a multivariate analysis, 3 factors were statistically significant in favoring progression-free survival: platinum sensitivity (P = .021), an R0 surgical resection (P = .020), and the indication for hormone therapy being maintenance therapy (P = .002)

Conclusion
This study shows real-life data on endocrine therapy in ovarian cancer. As it is a low-cost treatment with many advantages such as its oral administration and its safety, it may be an option to consider. A perspective lies in the search for cofactors to aim as future therapeutic targets to improve the effectiveness of hormone treatment by means of combination therapy.
Machine Learning for Survival Analysis
Authors: Quiroz Flores Alejandro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the social sciences, survival analysis has focused mostly on inference. However, the prediction of time to an event is of equal importance, particularly when predictions inform interventions. Producing “good” predictions, however, is challenging because even in the simplest hazard model, the survival process consists of two variables: the occurrence (or lack thereof) of a transition to a state, and the elapsed time to the occurrence of that transition or to the end of follow-up time. However, advances in Machine Learning and Biostatistics offer powerful tools for prediction and the analysis of model performance in these complex settings, and event history modeling can benefit from advances in these fields. This chapter focuses on machine learning models specifically designed for survival data. It also discusses measures of performance appropriate for these models. To demonstrate these techniques, the chapter presents an application to the prediction of sex crime recidivism in South Carolina.
Simulating the head of a TrueBeam linear particle accelerator and calculating the photoneutron spectrum on the central axis of a 10-MV photon using particle and heavy-ion transport system code
Authors: Quoc Soai Dang , Fujibuchi Toshioh , Arakawa Hiroyuki , Hamada Keisuke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Photon energy is higher than the (γ,n) threshold, allowing it to interact with the nuclei of materials with high z properties and liberate fast neutrons. This represents a potentially harmful source of radiation for humans and the environment. This study validated the Monte Carlo simulation, using the particle and heavy-ion transport code system (PHITS) on a TrueBeam 10-MV linear particle accelerator’s head shielding model and then used this PHITS code to simulate a photo-neutron spectrum for the transport of the beam. The results showed that, when comparing the simulated to measured PDD and crosslines, 100% of the γ-indexes were &lt;1 (γ3%/3mm) for both simulations, for both phase-space data source and a mono energy source. Neutron spectra were recorded in all parts of the TrueBeam’s head, as well as photon neutron spectra at three points on the beamline.
Hartmann’s Procedure Versus Intersphincteric Abdominoperineal Excision in Patients with Rectal Cancer: Report from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry (SCRCR)
Authors: Åkerlund Viktor , Nikberg Maziar , Wagner Philippe , Chabok Abbas 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
The primary outcome was to compare overall postoperative surgical complications within 30 days after Hartmann’s procedure (HP) compared with intersphincteric abdominoperineal excision (iAPE). The secondary outcome was major surgical complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ III).

Background:
There is uncertainty regarding the optimal surgical method in patients with rectal cancer when an anastomosis is unsuitable.

Methods:
Rectal cancer patients with a tumor height >5 cm, registered in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry who received HP or iAPE electively in 2017–2020 were included, (HP, n = 696; iAPE, n = 314). Logistic regression analysis adjusting for body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, sex, age, preoperative radiotherapy, tumor height, cancer stage, operating hospital, and type of operation was performed.

Results:
Patients in the HP group were older and had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists scores. The mean operating time was less for HP (290 vs 377 min). Intraoperative bowel perforations were less frequent in the HP group, 3.6% versus 10.2%. Overall surgical complication rates were 20.3% after HP and 15.9% after iAPE (P = 0.118). Major surgical complications were 7.5% after HP and 5.7% and after iAPE (P = 0.351). Multiple regression analysis indicated a higher risk of overall surgical complications after HP (odds ratio: 1.63; 95% confidence interval = 1.09–2.45).

Conclusions:
HP was associated with a higher risk of surgical complications compared with iAPE. In patients unfit for anastomosis, iAPE may be preferable. However, the lack of statistical power regarding major surgical complications, prolonged operating time, increased risk of bowel perforation, and lack of long-term outcomes, raises uncertainty regarding recommending intersphincteric abdominoperineal excision as the preferred surgical approach.
Laminoplasty Versus Laminectomy and Posterior Fusion for Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Daher Mohammad , Nassar Joseph E. , McDonald Christopher L. , Balmaceno-Criss Mariah , Diebo Bassel G. , Daniels Alan H. 
Published: May 2024

Study Design.
Meta-analysis.

Objective.
This meta-analysis investigates the outcomes of laminoplasty (LP) and laminectomy with fusion (LF) to guide effective patient selection for these 2 procedures.

Background.
Although LF traditionally offers the ability for excellent posterior decompression, it may alter cervical spine biomechanics and increase the risk of adjacent segment degeneration. LP aims to preserve the natural kinematics of the spine but has not been universally accepted, and may be associated with inadequate decompression, neck pain, and recurrent stenosis.

Materials and Methods.
PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar (pages 1–20) were searched up until March 2024. The outcomes studied were surgery-related outcomes [operative time (OR) time, estimated blood loss (EBL), and length of stay], adverse events (overall complications, C5 palsy, and reoperations), radiographic outcomes (cervical lordosis, cervical sagittal vertical axis, and T1 slope angle), and patient-reported outcome measures (Neck Disability Index, Visual Analog Scale for neck pain, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association).

Results.
Twenty-two studies were included in this meta-analysis, of which 19 were retrospective studies, 2 were prospective nonrandomized studies, and 1 was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 2128 patients were included, with 1025 undergoing LP and 1103 undergoing LF. Patients undergoing LP experienced significantly shorter operative time (P = 0.009), less EBL (P = 0.02), a lower rate of overall complications (P < 0.00001) and C5 palsy (P = 0.003), a lower T1 slope angle (P = 0.02), and a lower Neck Disability Index (P = 0.0004). No significant difference was observed in the remaining outcomes.

Conclusion.
This meta-analysis demonstrates that for cervical myelopathy, LP has the benefits of shorter operative time time, less EBL, and reduced incidence of C5 palsy as well as overall complication rate. Given these findings, LP remains an important surgical option with a favorable complication profile in patients with cervical myelopathy, although careful patient selection is still paramount in choosing the right procedure for individual patients.

Level of Evidence.
4.
The Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A Injection for Gastrocnemius Hypertrophy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blinded Controlled Trial
Authors: Han Woo Yeon , Lee Young Soon , Han Hyun Ho 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Many individuals hold an interest in aesthetic appeal, with one aspect of physical attractiveness being the alluring contour of the lower leg. Utilizing botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections offers several advantages, including a short procedure time, low pain, and a speedy recovery. With a demand for high-level evidence regarding the effectiveness of BTX-A injections for correction of lower leg contour, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of BTX-A injection for improvement of gastrocnemius muscle hypertrophy.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective, randomized, and controlled clinical trial to evaluate whether the injection of BTX-A into the gastrocnemius muscle could decrease muscular hypertrophy. The patients were randomized into a low-dose injection (60 units) group and a high-dose injection group (100 units) for each leg. Demographics, clinical outcome, and satisfaction score were compared between the two groups.

Results:
A total of 20 patients and 40 legs were enrolled in this study. Clinical and surgical demographics were similar between the two groups. BTX-A injection showed a significant decrease in the circumference of the calf after 8 weeks (preinjection: 36.35 ± 0.63 cm versus postinjection: 35.87 ± 0.61 cm; P = 0.03). However, no significant difference was observed between the low- and the high-dose group (−0.52 ± 0.74 cm versus −0.44 ± 1.04 cm, P = 0.78).

Conclusions:
BTX-A injection can be a good noninvasive method for the correction of hypertrophic gastrocnemius muscles. This study supports the use of BTX-A injections in patients unsatisfied with lower leg hypertrophy.
Immediate DIEP Breast Reconstruction in a Trans Woman with Breast Cancer
Authors: Avery Emma C. , Barone Natasha , Haykal Siba 
Published: May 2024

Summary:
Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer among cisgender women worldwide, with an incidence that continues to rise. Breast reconstruction is increasingly recognized as an integral part of breast cancer management. In tandem, the population of trans women is also increasing. However, few studies have focused on the management of breast cancer in this population, given that estrogen therapy has the potential to increase the risk of breast cancer. We present the case of a 51-year-old trans woman diagnosed with right breast cancer following a 32-year history of estrogen therapy. She presented to our clinic for consultation and immediate breast reconstruction. She opted for bilateral skin-sparing mastectomies, sentinel lymph node biopsies, and immediate breast reconstruction using deep inferior epigastric perforator free flaps. There were no postoperative flap complications. Final pathology revealed invasive mucinous carcinoma, devoid of lymph node involvement. The patient was satisfied with her reconstruction and is currently planning for nipple reconstruction. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case in the literature of bilateral deep inferior epigastric perforator free flap reconstruction in the trans female population after breast cancer diagnosis. This case underscores the need for a holistic treatment approach and heightened vigilance among trans women on estrogen therapy. It also highlights that breast reconstruction should be considered and offered to this patient population.
Association of macular structure with microperimetry sensitivity following vitrectomy for proliferate diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Wang Manqiao , Shao Yan , Gong Yi , Liu Boshi , Liu Juping , Luan Rong , Ma Mingming , Li Xiaorong 
Published: May 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate macular sensitivity using microperimetry in patients with proliferate diabetic retinopathy (PDR) following vitrectomy and to investigate the relationship between the sensitivity and foveal microstructures with optical coherence tomography/angiography (OCT/OCTA).

Methods:
Eighty-four eyes of 84 patients with PDR were included, who were indicated for vitrectomy, had no intraocular surgery history 3 months preoperatively, and were able to ensure fundus examination after the vitrectomy. A logMAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), macular sensitivity of microperimetry, macular retinal thickness, and macular vessel perfusion using OCT/OCTA were examined at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively.

Results:
The LogMAR BCVA and mean macular sensitivity of PDR patients improved postoperatively (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between BCVA and mean sensitivity (P < 0.05). Postoperative mean macular sensitivity was significantly correlated with outer retinal thickness (ORT) in the 0-6mm macular area (P < 0.05), and also significantly correlated with deep capillary plexus (DCP) perfusion (P < 0.05). Fixation stability and mean macular sensitivity didn’t show any correlation with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), Serum total cholesterol (TC), carbamide (URE), and creatinine (CRE), and duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Postoperative mean macular sensitivity was significantly correlated with ORT and DCP perfusion for PDR patients. We found that the visual performance of patients can be evaluated by the ORT and DCP perfusion, so OCT/OCTA examination can be an important prognostic factor for visual performance in patients.

Clinical Trial Registration:
This trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn, registration number ChiCTR2100043399).
Pilot robotic mastectomy in Singapore (PRoMiSing I) study: first safety and feasibility prospective cohort trial in South East Asia
Authors: Mok Chi W. , Melissa Seet Yert L. , Lin Zar C. , Jeffrey Hing Jun X. , Jaime Seah Chin M. , Tan Su-Ming 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Robotic mastectomy has been performed worldwide since 2015. The advantages of the robotic approach in nipple-sparing mastectomy have been proven with better visualization and preservation of blood supply to the nipple–areolar complex, with a lower incidence of necrosis. It also allows smaller incisions for both mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction. To date, no centers in Singapore and Southeast Asia offer robotic mastectomy. We believe that robotic mastectomy is a feasible and safe technique that our population can utilize.

Objectives:
This study aimed to ascertain the surgical outcomes and perform a learning curve analysis in patients undergoing robotic mastectomy in a multi-ethnic South East Asian population.

Methods:
A single-arm prospective pilot study of eligible patients aged 21–70 years old with early breast cancer or high-risk patients indicated for risk-reducing mastectomy who were eligible and consented to robotic mastectomy were enrolled in this trial from December 22, 2022 to December 15, 2023.

Results:
A total of 29 consecutive robotic mastectomies were performed. The mean total operative time was 95±10.2 min. The average blood loss was 5.7±1.9 ml, and the average length of stay was 1.05 days. The mean mastectomy specimen weight was 251 g, and there was no conversion to conventional mastectomy in any case. Furthermore, there were no 30-day morbidity or complications in terms of wound infection requiring intervention, flap, and nipple–areolar complex necrosis, and postoperative hematoma/bleeding requiring intervention.

Conclusion:
This study contributes to the current evidence that robotic mastectomy is a safe and feasible option and could prove to be a great alternative to conventional mastectomy. Further prospective trials examining the long-term oncological outcomes of robotic mastectomy will be performed to establish the oncologic safety of this technique in breast cancer treatment.