bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking the magnetic potential of Fe2O3 nanoparticles by single-step synthesis of cobalt-infused nanomaterials for chromium removal
Authors: Yaou Balarabe Bachir , Bomokayi Primerose , Adjama Irédon , Ayouba Mahamane Abdoulkadri , Daramola Michael Olawale , Iwarere Samuel Ayodele 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe study optimized the chromium removal capacity of Fe2O3 nanoparticles through the infusion of cobalt using a single-step synthesis method. This approach not only enhanced their magnetic properties but also employs less-chemical synthesis techniques, ultimately yielding highly magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and less impurities. The prepared materials underwent comprehensive testing, encompassing examinations of their optical properties, structure, chemical composition, and surface characteristics using various analyticals methods. In a span of 90 min under visible light exposure, CoFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibit the ability to remove more that 90% of chromium. This was corroborated through analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Moreover, the study illustrates that increased temperatures amplify the endothermic process of chromium adsorption. Positive ΔH°, negative ΔS°, and heightened Cr(IV) adsorption are linked to the temperature effects on solubility, mobility, and dissolved oxygen. Both Langmuir (R2 = 0.95, RL = 0.055) and Freundlich models (R2 = 0.98, n = 0.69) suggest favorable adsorption. The efficient Cr(IV) adsorption by CoFe2O4 nanocomposite is attributed to a rapid reaction rate and substantial capacity, following pseudo-second order kinetics (rate constant 0.01 g mg−1 min−1, R2 = 0.99).
Graphical abstract
Reasonable vertical position of the advanced center drift in super deep buried soft rock tunnel
Authors: Wang Fengxi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn super deep-buried soft-rock tunnels, significant deformation disasters often accompany high-ground stress. Advanced center drift stress release technology to release some in-situ stress in advance can effectively solve many problems caused by large deformation. Therefore, based on the Haba Snow Mountain Tunnel in the Lijiang Section of the Yunnan-Tibet Railway, the research on the vertical reasonable position of the advanced center drift is carried out. Using literature research, numerical simulation, and on-site experiments, the deformation of surrounding rock, the stress distribution of support, and the distribution of the plastic zone of surrounding rock at different vertical positions of the advanced center drift are studied. The application effect of the advanced center drift is analyzed through on-site monitoring data. The results show that different advanced center drift vertical positions have a stress-release particular impact. When the arch top of the advanced center drift is 2 m away from the main tunnel arch top, the stress release effect and support stress are relatively ideal, and the on-site measured tunnel deformation can reduce by an average of 44.52%. The research results can provide a reference for the design of advanced center drift in similar projects.
Self-heating in rubber components: experimental studies and numerical analysis
Authors: Abdelmoniem Mohamed , Yagimli Bülent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe temperature change in rubber components during operation results in a change in its transfer function and affects service life. In this study, the phenomenon of self-heating and its effect on the resulting forces is examined experimentally under different loading conditions using a test rig that applies a rotating shear load. The observed phenomenon from the tests was modelled using a finite viscoelastic model based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. The simulation results of the surface temperature and the resulting forces using the implemented material model showed good agreement with experimental results. The test rig and the simulation model can be used to characterise rubber materials and therefore, allow the prediction of the temperature distribution and the transfer function of rubber components under operational conditions.
Development of Immersive Virtual Reality Hospital Fire Management and Evacuation Training Program for Nursing Students in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Wendy Wing Chi , So Gary Long Hei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile nursing students never experience hospital fire, they should know how to evacuate the patients under their care. Using Virtual Reality (VR) can offer students a unique leaning experience of this uncommon situation. The purpose of this study was to development a VR simulation program of a hospital fire evacuation training for the nursing students and evaluated the satisfaction of the participants. It was a pilot study conducted in a local private university offering a pre-registration, higher diploma of mental health nursing program. A VR simulation program regarding fire evacuation in a psychiatric hospital was newly developed. The students enrolled in the final year of this program were recruited by convenience sampling. A questionnaire was employed to evaluate participants' satisfaction after they completing the program. Descriptive statistics was employed to analyze the participants' characteristics and quantitative results of the questionnaires. The study was approved by the institution review board of the study university. The overall satisfaction of this workshop was 4.6/5 (n = 65). The highest score was the knowledge (4.7/5), presentation and facilitation skill (4.7/5) of facilitator. Half of the students rated excellent to the design, content and facilities of this workshop. In the narrative comment, some students were satisfied with authentic 3-dimension environment at the VR cave. Besides, the students treasured the chance to act as ward in-charge in evacuation. The first immersive VR simulation program for hospital fire management was developed and generally well-received by the nursing students.
Effective leadership practice among senior leaders working from home and in the hybrid workplace across COVID-19
Authors: Barnes Kristian , Vione Katia , Kotera Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted and reshaped effective leadership practices by introducing working-from-home protocols (WFH) and the hybrid workplace model. The current study sought to identify and understand leadership practices adopted in WFH and the transition to the hybrid model, the effectiveness of these practices, and the implications of these on future effective leadership practices in knowledge-based organizations. The current study employed an inductive thematic analysis on semi-structured interviews with thirteen senior leaders in marketing agencies and departments, grounded in causal leadership epistemology. Five themes were identified: (1) remote leadership capabilities required, (2) a soft skills leadership renaissance, (3) introspection is a coping strategy, (4), leaders' temporal quandary, and (5) hybrid leadership uncertainty. The study findings indicated the leaders who successfully coped and continued to be effective exhibited a more adaptive and resilient mindset, evolving their leadership practices and skills to suit the needs of remote (WFH) leadership. They embraced softer leadership skills and developed more humanistic leadership behaviors. They developed an introspection practice to maintain their mental and psychological balance and they mastered time management in an always-on world. This study offers leaders, managers, and employers practical insights into ongoing effective leadership practice with remote (WFH) empowered workforces and hybrid workplace normalization.
Enablers and barriers associated with successful implementation of group antenatal care in primary care facilities in Suriname: a qualitative evaluation study
Authors: Veenstra-Kwakkel Sanna , Hindori Manodj P. , Grunberg Antoon W. , Rijnders Marlies E. , Lynch Durwin , Hindori-Mohangoo Ashna D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
In 2019, group antenatal care (GANC) was introduced in four primary care facilities in Suriname, aiming to improve health and psychosocial wellbeing of pregnant women in vulnerable circumstances. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of GANC in primary care and provides insights into enablers and barriers of successful implementation.

Methods
This qualitative evaluation study is part of the ‘Group Care in the first 1000 days: GC_1000’ project. Data were collected through semi-structured (group-)interviews with relevant stakeholders: midwives from the four facilities who were trained for GANC (n = 10), healthcare management (n = 2), other health professionals (n = 3), and parents participating in GANC (n = 7). A thematic analysis was conducted, in which five moderating factors that influence adherence to an implementation served as an analytical framework.

Results
Enablers for successful implementation of GANC mentioned by interviewees were the organisation of antenatal care close to home, motivated midwives, support from colleagues and higher-level management, and the opportunity for parents to gain more knowledge compared to regular one-on-one care. Barriers mentioned were a lack of financial compensation for midwives, practical barriers related to finding adequate space and suitable time for group sessions, a perceived lack of communication between different stakeholders and contextual factors such as the current economic situation in Suriname and the position of midwives within the Surinamese healthcare system.

Conclusion
Successful implementation of GANC in primary care facilities in Suriname depends on several enablers and barriers. Motivated facilitators are a key enabler in successful implementation of GANC. Some form of financial compensation could increase such motivation.
Decentralised Water–Energy–Food (WEF) systems in Africa: space analysis, least-cost modelling of sack farming and establishment of renewable energy technologies in the Diepsloot slums of Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Bhanye Johannes , Kloeffel Tobias , Beyers Miriam , Mabaso Mbali , Rajadurai Kartikeyan , Winklmaier Johannes , Matamanda Abraham 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe African continent is confronted with interconnected challenges of water, energy, and food insecurity, particularly affecting marginalized urban residents. Decentralized Water-Energy-Food (WEF) systems have emerged as potential solutions to alleviate these issues exacerbated by climate change. Despite scholarly acknowledgment of constraints related to WEF, there is a growing global trend towards trials of innovative decentralized WEF systems. This paper contributes to the body of research aimed at demonstrating the applicability of decentralised WEF systems at local level, by showcasing the potential of such systems to enhance water, energy and food security in informal settlements. Focusing on Diepsloot slums in Johannesburg, South Africa, the paper applied space analysis, least-cost modeling of sack farming, and renewable energy technologies in providing WEF solutions that demonstrate feasibility, sustainability and decentralised solutions for informal settlements, compared to the popular broad-based solutions that often neglect these marginalised communities. Utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS), AquaCrop crop modeling, financial analysis, and linear optimization modelling urbs, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of past climate trends, water sources, spatial plant arrangements, and a proposed community centre. The proposed Phezulu ‘Up’ growers’ model and the positive return on investment further demonstrate the feasibility of decentralized WEF systems. Policymakers are encouraged to promote these WEF systems to bolster urban livelihoods and achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), notably SDG 2, 6, and 7, in marginalized African urban areas. Recommendations and areas of further research include looking into issues of community engagement, partnerships, risk mitigation, strategies for equity and inclusivity and local knowledge integration during WEF implementation, and robust critique of WEF practical interventions and comparative analysis with other WEF models. Overall, the study provides a blueprint for inclusive and sustainable urban development, emphasizing the importance of localized WEF solutions and community empowerment.
Assessment of the Global Relationship of Different Types of Droughts in Model Simulations Under High Anthropogenic Emissions
Authors: Gimeno‐Sotelo Luis , El Kenawy Ahmed , Franquesa Magí , Noguera Iván , Fernández‐Duque Beatriz , Domínguez‐Castro Fernando , Peña‐Angulo Dhais , Reig Fergus , Sorí Rogert , Gimeno Luis , Nieto Raquel , Vicente‐Serrano Sergio M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study provides a global analysis of the relationship between drought metrics obtained from several climatic, hydrologic and ecological variables in a climate change framework using CMIP6 model data. A comprehensive analysis of the evolution of drought severity on a global scale is carried out for the historical experiment (1850–2014) and for future simulations under a high emissions scenario (SSP5‐8.5). This study focuses on comparing trends in the magnitude and duration of drought events according to different standardized indices over the world land‐surface area. The spatial and temporal relationship between the different drought indices on a global scale was also evaluated. Overall, there is a fairly large consensus among models and drought metrics in pointing to drought increase in southern North America, Central America, the Amazon region, the Mediterranean, southern Africa and southern Australia. Our results show important spatial differences in drought projections, which are highly dependent on the drought metric employed. While a strong relationship between climatic indices was evident, climatic and ecological drought metrics showed less dependency over both space and time. Importantly, our study demonstrates uncertainties in future projections of drought trends and their interannual variability related to the relationship among indices, stressing the importance of coherent climatic, hydrological and plant physiological patterns when analyzing CMIP6 model simulations of droughts under a warming climate scenario.
Burn Severity and Post‐Fire Weather Are Key to Predicting Time‐To‐Recover From Australian Forest Fires
Authors: Rifai Sami W. , De Kauwe Martin G. , Gallagher Rachael V. , Cernusak Lucas A. , Meir Patrick , Pitman Andy J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClimate change has accelerated the frequency of catastrophic wildfires; however, the drivers that control the time‐to‐recover of forests are poorly understood. We integrated remotely sensed data, climate records, and landscape features to identify the causes of variability in the time‐to‐recover of canopy leaf area in southeast Australian eucalypt forests. Approximately 97% of all observed burns between 2001 and 2014 recovered to a pre‐fire leaf area index (±0.25 sd) within six years. Time‐to‐recover was highly variable within individual wildfires (ranging between ≤1 and ≥5 years), across burn seasons (90% longer January to September), and year of fire (median time‐to‐recover varying four‐fold across fire years). We used the logistic growth function to estimate the leaf area recovery rate, burn severity, and the long‐term carrying capacity of leaf area. Time‐to‐recover was most correlated with the leaf area recovery rate. The leaf area recovery rate was largest in areas that experienced high burn severity, and smallest in areas of intermediate to low burn severity. The leaf area recovery rate was also strongly accelerated by anomalously high post‐fire precipitation, and delayed by post‐fire drought. Finally we developed a predictive machine‐learning model of time‐to‐recover (R2: 0.68). Despite the exceptionally high burn severity of the 2019–2020 Australian megafires, we forecast the time‐to‐recover to be only 15% longer than the average of previous fire years.
An Assessment of CO2 Storage and Sea‐Air Fluxes for the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea Between 1985 and 2018
Authors: Pérez Fiz F. , Becker M. , Goris N. , Gehlen M. , López‐Mozos M. , Tjiputra J. , Olsen A. , Müller J. D. , Huertas I. E. , Chau T. T. T. , Cainzos V. , Velo A. , Benard G. , Hauck J. , Gruber N. , Wanninkhof Rik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs part of the second phase of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes project (RECCAP2), we present an assessment of the carbon cycle of the Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean Sea, between 1985 and 2018 using global ocean biogeochemical models (GOBMs) and estimates based on surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) partial pressure (pCO2 products) and ocean interior dissolved inorganic carbon observations. Estimates of the basin‐wide long‐term mean net annual CO2 uptake based on GOBMs and pCO2 products are in reasonable agreement (−0.47 ± 0.15 PgC yr−1 and −0.36 ± 0.06 PgC yr−1, respectively), with the higher uptake in the GOBM‐based estimates likely being a consequence of a deficit in the representation of natural outgassing of land derived carbon. In the GOBMs, the CO2 uptake increases with time at rates close to what one would expect from the atmospheric CO2 increase, but pCO2 products estimate a rate twice as fast. The largest disagreement in the CO2 flux between GOBMs and pCO2 products is found north of 50°N, coinciding with the largest disagreement in the seasonal cycle and interannual variability. The mean accumulation rate of anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) over 1994–2007 in the Atlantic Ocean is 0.52 ± 0.11 PgC yr−1 according to the GOBMs, 28% ± 20% lower than that derived from observations. Around 70% of this Cant is taken up from the atmosphere, while the remainder is imported from the Southern Ocean through lateral transport.
Plagioclase‐Saturated Melt Hygrothermobarometry and Plagioclase‐Melt Equilibria Using Machine Learning
Authors: Cutler K. S. , Cassidy M. , Blundy J. D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCompositions of plagioclase‐melt pairs are commonly used to constrain temperatures (T), dissolved water contents (H2O) and pressures (P) of pre‐eruptive magma storage and transport. However, previous plagioclase‐based thermometers, hygrometers, and barometers can have significant errors, leading to imprecise reconstructions of conditions during plagioclase growth. Here, we explore whether we can refine existing plagioclase‐based hygrothermobarometers with either plagioclase‐melt or melt‐only chemistry (±T/H2O), calibrated using random forest machine learning on experimental petrology data (n = 1,152). We find that both the plagioclase‐melt and melt‐only models return similar cross‐validation root‐mean‐square errors (RMSEs), as the melt holds most of the P‐T‐H2O information rather than the plagioclase. T/H2O‐dependent melt models have test set RMSEs of 25°C, 0.70 wt.% and 76 MPa for temperature, H2O content and pressure, respectively, while T/H2O‐independent models have RMSEs of 38°C, 0.97 wt.% and 91 MPa. The melt thermometer and hygrometer are applicable to a wide range of plagioclase‐bearing melts at temperatures between 664 and 1355°C, and with H2O concentrations up to 11.2 wt.%, while the melt barometer is suitable for pressures of ≤500 MPa. An updated plagioclase‐melt equilibrium model has also been calibrated, allowing the equilibrium anorthite content to be predicted with an error of 5.8 mol%. The new P‐T‐H2O‐An models were applied to matrix glasses and melt inclusions from the 1980 Mount St Helens (USA) and 2014–2015 Holuhraun (Iceland) eruptions, corroborating previous independent estimates and observations. Models are available at https://github.com/kyra‐cutler/Plag‐saturated‐melt‐P‐T‐H2O‐An, enabling assessment of plagioclase‐melt equilibrium and characterization of last‐equilibrated P‐T‐H2O conditions of plagioclase‐saturated magmas.
Global Analysis of Topographic and Climatic Controls on Drainage Basin Shapes
Authors: Li Minhui , Seybold Hansjörg , Wu Baosheng , Chen Yi , Fu Xudong , Kirchner James W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDrainage basins are fundamental units of Earth's surface, describing how flows accumulate across landscapes. They are direct expressions of how tectonics and climatic forces alter Earth's surface morphology. Here, we measure the width‐to‐length ratios (WLRs) of 386,931 drainage basins (average area ∼157 km2), covering all continents except Antarctica and Greenland. Global variations in WLRs are correlated with climatic aridity, whole‐basin slope, and local topographic roughness. Basins in arid landscapes tend to be narrower, potentially reflecting a higher prevalence of surface runoff and therefore a stronger slope‐parallel component of the transporting flow. Local topographic roughness is associated with wider basins, potentially reflecting greater dispersion of flow directions. Conversely, whole‐basin topographic gradients, potentially reflecting gradients in uplift, are associated with narrower basins. However, steeper basins are also often rougher, so revealing the effects of whole‐basin slope requires correcting for the confounding effects of roughness variations.
Cross‐Scale Modeling of Storm‐Time Radiation Belt Variability
Authors: Michael A. T. , Sorathia K. A. , Ukhorskiy A. Y. , Albert J. , Shen X. , Li W. , Merkin V. G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring geomagnetic storms relativistic outer radiation belt electron flux exhibits large variations on rapid time scales of minutes to days. Many competing acceleration and loss processes contribute to the dynamic variability of the radiation belts; however, distinguishing the relative contribution of each mechanism remains a major challenge as they often occur simultaneously and over a wide range of spatiotemporal scales. In this study, we develop a new comprehensive model for storm‐time radiation belt dynamics by incorporating electron wave‐particle interactions with parallel propagating whistler mode waves into our global test‐particle model of the outer belt. Electron trajectories are evolved through the electromagnetic fields generated from the Multiscale Atmosphere‐Geospace Environment (MAGE) global geospace model. Pitch angle scattering and energization of the test particles are derived from analytical expressions for quasi‐linear diffusion coefficients that depend directly on the magnetic field and density from the magnetosphere simulation. Using a study of the 17 March 2013 geomagnetic storm, we demonstrate that resonance with lower band chorus waves can produce rapid relativistic flux enhancements during the main phase of the storm. While electron loss from the outer radiation belt is dominated by loss through the magnetopause, wave‐particle interactions drive significant atmospheric precipitation. We also show that the storm‐time magnetic field and cold plasma density evolution produces strong, local variations of the magnitude and energy of the wave‐particle interactions and is critical to fully capturing the dynamic variability of the radiation belts caused by wave‐particle interactions.