bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wnt antagonist DKK1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene that induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in human renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Hirata Hiroshi , Hinoda Yuji , Nakajima Koichi , Kawamoto Ken , Kikuno Nobuyuki , Ueno Koji , Yamamura Soichiro , Zaman Mohd S. , Khatri Gaurav , Chen Yi , Saini Sharanjot , Majid Shahana , Deng Guoren , Ishii Nobuhisa , Dahiya Rajvir 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe functional significance of Wnt antagonist DKK1 has not been investigated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Therefore, we hypothesized that DKK1 may be a tumor suppressor gene and is epigenetically silenced, thus decreased DKK1 may cause progression of RCC. To assess the function of DKK1, we established stable DKK1 transfected cells and monitored them regarding cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and invasive capability. RCC cell lines had decreased levels of DKK1, which were increased after treatment with 5‐Aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine and trichostatin A. In chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, the level of dimethyl H3K9 and trimethyl H3K27 was decreased after 5‐Aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine/trichostatin A treatment in RCC cell lines. Increased methylation was also associated with higher pathological stages in primary RCC tissues. T‐cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor activity and nuclear beta‐catenin expression were not changed in DKK1 transfectants. Also the expression of cyclinD1 and c‐Myc was not changed in DKK1 transfectants. These results suggest that DKK1 may not be involved in the beta‐catenin dependent pathway. We also evaluated the expression of various related genes. Cleaved caspase3, p53, p21 and puma expression were significantly upregulated in the DKK1 transfected cells. The population of apoptotic cells was increased in stable DKK1 cells and tumor growth suppression was also observed in nude mice with DKK1 transfected cells. In conclusion, this is the first report to show that DKK1 expression is epigenetically silenced in kidney cancer and its reexpression induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in RCC.
Honoring children, mending the circle: cultural adaptation of trauma‐focused cognitive‐behavioral therapy for American Indian and Alaska Native children
Authors: BigFoot Dolores Subia , Schmidt Susan R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAmerican Indians and Alaska Natives are vulnerable populations with significant levels of trauma exposure. The Indian Country Child Trauma Center developed an American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adaptation of the evidence‐based child trauma treatment, trauma‐focused cognitive‐behavioral therapy. Honoring Children, Mending the Circle (HC‐MC) guides the therapeutic process through a blending of AI/AN traditional teachings with cognitive‐behavioral methods. The authors introduced the HC‐MC treatment and illustrated its therapeutic tools by way of a case illustration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66:1–10, 2010.
Lead identification and optimization in crude samples using label free resonant acoustic profiling
Authors: Schnerr Helge R 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDetecting the molecular basis of protein–protein recognition is an essential element in understanding protein function because their ability to form specific complexes with other proteins underlies most cellular processes. The use of labels has limitations, such as changes to the binding kinetics due to the alterations in structure and function that occur with label addition, difficulty in detecting biochemical activities and the need for additional steps in assay development. These issues have driven the development of label‐free formats for identifying the full range of biochemical activities.Although optical‐based systems dominate the label‐free biosensor market, electrochemical, piezoelectric and acoustic devices represent similar but significantly less expensive alternatives. Acoustic biosensors have been employed in the label‐free detection of an incredibly broad range of analytes, from interfacial chemistries and lipid membranes, to small molecules and whole cells.Resonant acoustic profiling (RAP) technology offers label‐free, real‐time analysis of biomolecular interactions and offers an efficient way to optimize the development and production process of recombinant proteins. RAP measures only the physical binding events and is insensitive to refractive index and colour changes. This enables direct measurement in undiluted crude and complex samples, such as cell culture media or periplasmic extracts, without intensive assay calibration. This advantage simplifies experimental design and eliminates expensive time‐consuming purification of often limited material, while delivering high content information. In this respect RAP technology reduces costs and increases the throughput and the density of information to optimize and control the processes more effectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of timing of conversion from external fixation to secondary intramedullary nailing in experimental tibial fractures
Authors: Sigurdsen Ulf , Reikeras Olav , Utvag Stein Erik 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDiaphyseal tibial fractures with initial temporary external fixation (EF) are usually converted to intramedullary nailing (IMN) within 2 weeks, and no consensus on the optimal conversion time point exists. Current clinical practice is mainly based on estimation of the risk of postoperative infection. This is the first investigation of the effect of timing of such conversion on fracture healing. Forty male rats received a standardized tibial shaft osteotomy and EF. The animals were then randomly assigned to conversion to IMN at either 7 (group A, N = 10), 14 (group B, N = 10), or 30 (group C, N = 10) days after initial fixation. Group D (N = 10) served as a control group without conversion. Evaluation at 60 days included X‐ray, DXA, and mechanical testing. Group A had significantly increased bone mineral content and callus area compared to the control group. Groups B and C showed significantly inferior mechanical bending strength and rigidity compared to both group A and the control group (D). The timing of the conversion procedure has a significant effect on fracture healing. Early conversion procedure did not improve healing compared to control, but was advantageous compared to late conversion (at 2 or 4 weeks) with higher mineralization and superior biomechanical properties. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:126–130, 2011
Separation and purification of hydrolyzable tannin from Geranium wilfordii Maxim by reversed‐phase and normal‐phase high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Liu Dan , Su Zhiguo , Wang Changhai , Gu Ming , Xing Siliang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThree hydrolyzable tannins, geraniin, corilagin and gallic acid, main active components of Geranium wilfordii Maxim, have been separated and purified in one‐step by both reversed‐phase and normal‐phase high‐speed counter‐current chromatography. Gallic acid, corilagin and geraniin were purified from 70% aqueous acetone extract of G. wilfordii Maxim with solvent system n‐hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–acetic acid–water (1:10:0.2:0.2:20) by reversed‐phase high‐speed counter‐current chromatography at purities of 94.2, 91.0 and 91.3%, at yields of 89.3, 82.9 and 91.7%, respectively. Gallic acid, corilagin and geraniin were purified with solvent system n‐hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–acetic acid–water (0.2:10:2:1:5) by normal‐phase high‐speed counter‐current chromatography at purities of 85.9, 92.2 and 87.6%, at yields of 87.4, 94.6 and 94.3%, respectively. It was successful for both reversed‐phase and normal‐phase high‐speed counter‐current chromatography to separate high‐polarity of low‐molecular‐weight substances.
Solvent‐enhanced headspace sorptive extraction in the analysis of the volatile fraction of matrices of vegetable origin
Authors: Sgorbini Barbara , Budziak Dilma , Cordero Chiara , Liberto Erica , Rubiolo Patrizia , Sandra Pat , Bicchi Carlo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe solvent‐enhanced headspace sorptive extraction technique aims at modifying PDMS polarity using a solvent to increase its concentration capability. In solvent‐enhanced headspace sorptive extraction, a PDMS tubing closed at both ends by small glass stoppers and filled with an organic solvent is suspended in the sample headspace for a fixed time. After sampling, the sampled analytes are recovered from the PDMS tubing by thermal desorption and online transferred to a GC–flame ionization detector or GC‐MS system for analysis. Cyclohexane, iso‐octane, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile and methanol were tested as PDMS modifiers to sample the volatile fractions of sage (Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and roasted coffee. Ethyl acetate was found to be the most effective PDMS modifier for all matrices investigated; although to a lesser extent, cyclohexane also increased component recoveries with sage and thyme. Acetone, acetonitrile and methanol did not increase PDMS recovery, while isooctane was excluded because of its interaction with the polymer. The results show that solvent‐modified PDMS extends the range of sampled headspace components with different polarities, increases the recovery of many of them, improves sensitivity in trace analysis, speeds up recovery and gives repeatability comparable with that of unmodified PDMS.
Determination of partition coefficient and analysis of nitrophenols by three‐phase liquid‐phase microextraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Sanagi Mohd Marsin , Miskam Mazidatulakmam , Wan Ibrahim Wan Aini , Hermawan Dadan , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA three‐phase hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction method coupled with CE was developed and used for the determination of partition coefficients and analysis of selected nitrophenols in water samples. The selected nitrophenols were extracted from 14 mL of aqueous solution (donor solution) with the pH adjusted to pH 3 into an organic phase (1‐octanol) immobilized in the pores of the hollow fiber and finally backextracted into 40.0 μL of the acceptor phase (NaOH) at pH 12.0 located inside the lumen of the hollow fiber. The extractions were carried out under the following optimum conditions: donor solution, 0.05 M H3PO4, pH 3.0; organic solvent, 1‐octanol; acceptor solution, 40 μL of 0.1 M NaOH, pH 12.0; agitation rate, 1050 rpm; extraction time, 15 min. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curves for the analytes were linear in the range of 0.05–0.30 mg/L with r2>0.9900 and LODs were in the range of 0.01–0.04 mg/L with RSDs of 1.25–2.32%. Excellent enrichment factors of up to 398‐folds were obtained. It was found that the partition coefficient (Ka/d) values were high for 2‐nitrophenol, 3‐nitrophenol, 4‐nitrophenol, 2,4‐dinitrophenol and 2,6‐dinitrophenol and that the individual partition coefficients (Korg/d and Ka/org) promoted efficient simultaneous extraction from the donor through the organic phase and further into the acceptor phase. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of water samples.
Biosynthesis, synthesis, and biological activities of pyrrolobenzodiazepines
Authors: Gerratana Barbara 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) are sequence selective DNA alkylating agents with remarkable antineoplastic activity. They are either naturally produced by actinomycetes or synthetically produced. The remarkable broad spectrum of activities of the naturally produced PBDs encouraged the synthesis of several PBDs, including dimeric and hybrid PBDs yielding to an improvement in the DNA‐binding sequence specificity and in the potency of this class of compounds. However, limitation in the chemical synthesis prevented the testing of one of the most potent PBDs, sibiromycin, a naturally produced glycosylated PBDs. Only recently, the biosynthetic gene clusters for PBDs have been identified opening the doors to the production of glycosylated PBDs by mutasynthesis and biosynthetic engineering. This review describes the recent studies on the biosynthesis of naturally produced pyrrolobenzodiazepines. In addition, it provides an overview on the isolation and characterization of naturally produced PBDs, chemical synthesis of PBDs, mechanism of DNA alkylation, and DNA‐binding affinity and cytotoxic properties of both naturally produced and synthetic pyrrolobenzodiazepines. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
Salvage of the skin envelope in complex incomplete avulsion injury of thumb with venous arterializaiton: A case report
Authors: Lin Yu‐Hsien , Jeng Chu‐Hsu , Hsieh Cheng‐Han , Lin Hwang‐Chi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTreatment of an avulsion or degloving injury of the hand is a difficult but not unusual operation for plastic reconstructive or hand surgeons. The avulsion may be salvaged by arteriovenous shunting technique. We present a patient with incomplete avulsion injury of the distal phalanx of thumb. Arteriovenous shunting was created and the wound reconstructed primarily under venous arterialization. The avulsed skin envelope was survived well and functional status was improved. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 30:469–471, 2010.
Beim Wechselwirken zuschauen
Authors: Derwahl Andreas , Neumayer Johanna 
Published: June 2010

AbstractDas Oberflächenplasmonenresonanz‐Imaging ermittelt die Wechselwirkungen von Antikörpern oder anderen Biomolekülen und kann bei der Diagnose von Hepatitis C‐Infektionen helfen. Ein neues Hochdurchsatzsystem misst mehrere hundert molekulare Wechselwirkungen gleichzeitig.
Schadstofffreies Wasser fürs Labor
Authors: Riche Estelle , Tarun Maricar 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSpuren von Perchloraten, Pestiziden, Arzneimittelrückständen und endokrin wirksamen Substanzen lassen sich im Leitungswasser nachweisen. Beeinflussen diese Chemikalien Laborexperimente?
197Au irradiation study of phase‐change memory cell with GeSbTe alloy
Authors: Wu Liangcai , Zhou Xilin , Song Zhitang , Lian Jie , Rao Feng , Liu Bo , Song Sannian , Liu Weili , Liu Xuyan , Feng Songlin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA 197Au ion source was used to irradiate a Ge2Sb2Te5‐alloy‐based phase‐change memory (PCM) cell to study the ion‐irradiation effect on the properties of the cell. The PCM devices with the tungsten (W) heating electrode of 260 nm diameter were fabricated by 0.18 µm complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Four different doses (1010, 1011, 1012, and 5 × 1012 ions/cm2, respectively) were applied to irradiate the PCM cell. The samples before and after irradiation were characterized by current–voltage and resistance measurements at room temperature. It is found that the cell properties (resistance value of the amorphous and crystalline states, threshold voltage, and current for phase transition, etc.) have hardly changed, even for the sample irradiated up to 1012 ions/cm2 dose, and the cell still has good set–reset operation ability (above 105 cycles). Furthermore, the resistance ratio remains at 1000 even after 105 cycles of the set–reset operation. The results show the PCM cell with Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy has a strong ion‐irradiation tolerance.
Apertureless SNOM study on gold nanoparticles: Experiments and simulations
Authors: Chen Weizhe , Kimel Alexey , Kirilyuk Andrei , Rasing Theo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGold nanoparticles (about 10 nm in diameter) are investigated by an apertureless (or scattering‐type) scanning near‐field optical microscope (aSNOM) at 633 nm and a negative optical amplitude signal contrast is observed. To understand the size effect and the interactions between light, tip, and sample, an analytical solution is obtained by adopting a model considering the tip as a point dipole. This model successfully shows the contrast reversal measured in experiments. Some important aspects, however, are neglected by the quasistatic dipole model. Thus, three‐dimensional (3D) numerical calculations by a finite integration technique are applied to study the interactions between tip apex, gold nanoparticle, and the substrate surface. The simulated near‐field and far‐field results help us not only to understand the experimentally acquired aSNOM images but also to investigate the complicated tip–particle–surface interactions.
Boron induced charge traps near the interface of Si/SiO2 probed by second harmonic generation
Authors: Park Heungman , Qi Jingbo , Xu Ying , Varga Kalman , Weiss Sharon M. , Rogers Bridget R. , Lüpke Gunter , Tolk Norman 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe review recent second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements for highly boron‐doped Si/SiO2 systems. Using electric field sensitive time‐dependent SHG (TD‐SHG), we determined that the direction of the initial DC electric field at the interface induced by boron induced charge traps is from oxide to silicon thus demonstrating that the boron induced charge traps in the oxide are positively charged. For a thin oxide (∼2 nm) both boron traps and O2 surface oxide traps contribute. However, for a highly boron‐doped Si/SiO2 sample with a thick thermally grown oxide (thickness: 12 nm), the TD‐SHG signal exhibits a monotonic decrease arising from filling only the boron charge traps. By fitting our data, we show that the interface effective susceptibility |χ(2)| is heavily dependent on doping concentration.
In situ monitoring of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 monolayers grown by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Esteve David , Postava Kamil , Gogol Philippe , Niu Gang , Vilquin Bertrand , Lecoeur Philippe 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIntegration of functional oxides on silicon is a key issue for the development of oxide‐based electronics. For this purpose, monitoring the growth of these materials by an in situ technique becomes essential to control the thickness, the roughness and the oxidation state of the layers. Using a new static optical setup, i.e. with no modulation, we have studied the deposition and the annealing of pulsed‐laser deposited La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 monolayers on pseudosubstrates SrTiO3(100)/Si at high temperature. We show that using the ratio of reflectance for the two different polarizations (s,p) Rp/Rs = tan2ψ of the optical signal after reflection, we can follow, in situ, the growth of monolayers (ML) with a precision of one unit cell. Also, the growth mode and the annealing process leading to the determination of the activation energy can be precisely controlled. All these results are corroborated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Using this static measurement method, the obtained results are as sensitive as previous reports with, for example, oblique incidence reflectivity difference (OI‐RD).
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled exploratory study to evaluate the potential of pycnogenol® for improving allergic rhinitis symptoms
Authors: Wilson Dale , Evans Malkanthi , Guthrie Najla , Sharma Prachi , Baisley Joshua , Schonlau Frank , Burki Carolina 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe potential of Pycnogenol® for relieving allergic rhinitis (birch pollen) symptoms was explored in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. In 2008 19 subjects started treatment 3 weeks prior to the onset of birch pollen season in Ontario, Canada. While there was an improvement of eye and nasal symptoms with Pycnogenol, there was no significance versus placebo. It was postulated that Pycnogenol may require a lag‐time between the start of therapy and the onset of action. Therefore 39 subjects were treated 5–8 weeks prior to the 2009 birch allergy season. The evaluation of subjects in 2009 showed much lower scores for eye (−35%) and nasal (−20.5%) symptoms with Pycnogenol compared with placebo. In succession of the allergy season birch specific IgE increased by 31.9% in the placebo group compared with only 19.4% in the Pycnogenol group. Detailed analysis suggested that symptom‐relief was better the longer subjects were on Pycnogenol prior to the allergen exposure. The best results were found with subjects who took Pycnogenol 7–8 weeks ahead of the allergy season. With the limited number of 39 patients statistical predications were unattainable. In conclusion, Pycnogenol improved allergic rhinitis symptoms when supplementation was started at least 5 weeks before the onset of the allergy season. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
People watching: visual, motor, and social processes in the perception of human movement
Authors: Shiffrar Maggie 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSuccessful social behavior requires the accurate perception and interpretation of other peoples' actions. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in understanding how the human visual system analyzes bodily motion. Neurophysiological studies have identified two neural areas, the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and the premotor cortex, which play key roles in the visual perception of human movement. Patterns of neural activity in these areas are reflective of psychophysical measures of visual sensitivity to human movement. Both vary as a function of stimulus orientation and global stimulus structure. Human observers and STS responsiveness share some developmental similarities as both exhibit sensitivities that become increasingly tuned for upright, human movement. Furthermore, the observer's own visual and motor experience with an action as well as the social and emotional content of that action influence behavioral measures of visual sensitivity and patterns of neural activity in the STS and premotor cortex. Finally, dysfunction of motor processes, such as hemiplegia, and dysfunction of social processes, such as Autism, systematically impact visual sensitivity to human movement. In sum, a convergence of visual, motor, and social processes underlies our ability to perceive and interpret the actions of other people.WIREs Cogn Sci2011 2 68–78 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.88This article is categorized under:Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics
Mirror systems
Authors: Fogassi Leonardo , Ferrari Pier Francesco 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMirror neurons are a class of visuomotor neurons, discovered in the monkey premotor cortex and in an anatomically connected area of the inferior parietal lobule, that activate both during action execution and action observation. They constitute a circuit dedicated to match actions made by others with the internal motor representations of the observer. It has been proposed that this matching system enables individuals to understand others' behavior and motor intentions. Here we will describe the main features of mirror neurons in monkeys. Then we will present evidence of the presence of a mirror system in humans and of its involvement in several social–cognitive functions, such as imitation, intention, and emotion understanding. This system may have several implications at a cognitive level and could be linked to specific social deficits in humans such as autism. Recent investigations addressed the issue of the plasticity of the mirror neuron system in both monkeys and humans, suggesting also their possible use in rehabilitation. WIREs Cogn Sci 2011 2 22–38 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.89This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Prediction
Neuroscience > Behavior
Theoretical motivations for investigating the neural correlates of consciousness
Authors: Lau Hakwan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractI review the major contenders for the neural correlates of visual awareness. Different views of the neural correlates turn out to support different theories, such as the global workspace theory, local visual processing theories, and the higher‐order representation theory. Therefore, studying the neural correlates of consciousness may prove useful to theoretical development, although arbitrating between different interpretations of the neural results may involve conceptual issues as well.WIREs Cogn Sci2011 2 1–7 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.93This article is categorized under:Philosophy > ConsciousnessNeuroscience > Cognition