bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary‐Induced Hyperparathyroidism Affects Serum and Gingival Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels in Rats
Authors: Lütfioğlu Müge , Sakallioğlu Umur , Sakallioğlu E. Eser , Diraman Emine , Çiftçi Gülay , Tutkun Ferda 
Published: January 2010

Background:Poor diet and inadequate nutrition are suggested to affect the periodontium as well as impair the systemic health. This study investigated the systemic and periodontal effects of dietary‐induced hyperparathyroidism (dHPT) by evaluating serum and gingival proinflammatory cytokine levels.Methods:Twenty‐four Sprague‐Dawley rats were used in the study. dHPT was induced in 12 rats by calcium/phosphorus imbalance, and 12 rats were fed a standard diet (SD). Afterward, endotoxin‐induced periodontitis was induced on the right mandibular molar teeth (mmt). Four study groups were created: dHPT + mmt without periodontitis (group 1), dHPT + mmt with periodontitis (group 2), SD + mmt with periodontitis (group 3), and SD + mmt without periodontitis (group 4). Interleukin (IL)‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the proinflammatory cytokine profiles. Serum cytokines were analyzed in the blood samples collected prior to periodontitis induction, whereas gingival cytokines were analyzed in the gingival supernatants of the four groups.Results:Serum cytokines were higher in dHPT rats than in SD rats (P<0.001), with a positive correlation between parathormone and the cytokines (P<0.001). Gingival cytokines were highest in group 2 and lowest in group 4 (group 2 > group 3 > group 1) (P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between parathormone and the gingival cytokines in group 1 (P<0.001 for IL‐1β;P<0.01 for TNF‐α).Conclusion:The results suggested that increased serum proinflammatory cytokine production may be a complication of dHPT, and this may affect healthy and diseased periodontia by increasing gingival proinflammatory cytokine levels.
Microbiologic Testing and Outcomes of Full‐Mouth Scaling and Root Planing With or Without Amoxicillin/Metronidazole in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Cionca Norbert , Giannopoulou Catherine , Ugolotti Giovanni , Mombelli Andrea 
Published: January 2010

Background: It has been suggested that use of systemic antibiotics should be limited to patients with specific microbiologic profiles. The main purpose of the present analysis was to study whether microbiologic testing before therapy was of value in predicting which patients would specifically benefit from adjunctive amoxicillin and metronidazole, given in the context of full‐mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) within 48 hours.Methods: This was a 6‐month, single‐center, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, randomized longitudinal study. Fifty‐one patients received full‐mouth periodontal debridement, performed within 48 hours; then, 25 subjects received metronidazole, 500 mg, and amoxicillin, 375 mg, three times a day for 7 days, and 26 received a placebo (control group). Pooled microbiologic samples were taken from the deepest pocket at baseline in each quadrant before and 6 months after treatment. Six periodontal pathogens were quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Forty‐seven patients were followed for 6 months. After treatment, test subjects had a substantially lower mean number of persisting sites with probing depth >4 mm and bleeding on probing than did control subjects (0.4 versus 3.0; P = 0.005; month 6). Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) could not be detected in the antibiotic group after treatment. However, in the placebo group, three of six subjects positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans continued to be positive. Lower frequencies were also noted in the test group for Porphyromonas gingivalis (P = 0.013) and Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis) (P = 0.007). However, even subjects testing negative for A. actinomycetemcomitans at baseline had a significantly better primary clinical outcome if they received the active drugs. The presence of six putative periodontal pathogens (A. actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum spp., P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, and T. forsythia) quantified prior to therapy was not correlated with the outcome of full‐mouth SRP with or without amoxicillin and metronidazole.Conclusion: Excellent clinical results in the antibiotics group were obtained regardless of the presence or absence of six classic periodontal periopathogens prior to treatment.
Subgingival Plaque Removal Using a New Air‐Polishing Device
Authors: Moëne Raphaël , Décaillet Fabien , Andersen Elene , Mombelli Andrea 
Published: January 2010

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, patient acceptance, and short‐term microbiologic effect of a new air‐polishing device in subjects in maintenance care with residual pockets ≥5 mm.Methods: This was an examiner‐masked, randomized, split‐mouth clinical trial. A new disposable nozzle, allowing the subgingival application of amino acid glycine powder at a limited pressure, was compared to scaling and root planing (SRP) in 50 subjects with residual pockets during the maintenance phase. After removing supragingival deposits, the spray was applied for 4 to 5 seconds in all sites ≥5 mm in the test quadrant, whereas SRP was used in the control quadrant. Microbiologic samples were taken from one treated test and one control site 2 days before and 7 days after treatment. Total bacterial counts and the counts of six periodontal pathogens were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results: No adverse event was noted in any subject for the test or control treatment. Using a visual analog scale, the patients perceived the test treatment to be significantly less painful/uncomfortable than the hand instrumentation (P <0.001). Significantly less time was used by the operator for the test procedure (P <0.001). The reduction in bleeding on probing was significant for the treated sites in the test and control quadrants (P = 0.019 and P <0.001, respectively), but traditional SRP reduced the bleeding tendency significantly more than air polishing (P = 0.045). The differences in the total bacterial load and the counts of six periodontal pathogens between the test and control sites did not reach statistical significance. The longitudinal reduction was significant in control sites for total bacteria load (P <0.001), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P = 0.01), Treponema denticola (P <0.001), and Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis) (P <0.001).Conclusion: Subgingival air polishing with a new device was safe (no adverse events were noted), perceived to be more acceptable by the patients, and was more time‐efficient than SRP; however, on a microbiologic level, it was not superior to conventional SRP.
Relationships Among Gingival Crevicular Fluid Biomarkers, Clinical Parameters of Periodontal Disease, and the Subgingival Microbiota
Authors: Teles Ricardo , Sakellari Dimitra , Teles Flavia , Konstantinidis Antonis , Kent Ralph , Socransky Sigmund , Haffajee Anne 
Published: January 2010

Background: The objectives of this study were to measure levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers and subgingival bacterial species in periodontally healthy subjects and subjects with periodontitis to explore the relationships among these biomarkers, the subgingival microbiota, and the clinical parameters of periodontal disease.Methods: Clinical periodontal parameters were measured at six sites per tooth in 20 subjects with periodontitis and 20 periodontally healthy subjects. GCF and subgingival plaque samples were obtained from the mesio‐buccal aspect of every tooth. GCF levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐8 and matrix metalloproteinase 8 were measured using checkerboard immunoblotting, and the levels of 40 bacterial taxa were quantified using checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. A subset of “clinically healthy” sites from each group was analyzed separately. The significance of the differences between groups was determined using the unpaired t test or the Mann‐Whitney test. Correlations among immunologic, microbiologic, and clinical data were determined using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient.Results: There were positive correlations among mean clinical parameters, mean levels of the three biomarkers, and the proportions of orange and red complex species (P <0.05). Clinically healthy sites from subjects with periodontitis had higher levels of IL‐1β and IL‐8 and higher proportions of orange and red complex species (P <0.05) than clinically healthy sites from periodontally healthy subjects. Red complex species were positively associated with the expression of all biomarkers (P <0.05), whereas purple and yellow complex species had negative correlations with IL‐1β and IL‐8 (P <0.05).Conclusions: Clinically healthy sites from subjects with periodontitis have higher levels of GCF biomarkers and periodontal pathogens than clinically healthy sites from periodontally healthy subjects. Different microbial complexes demonstrated distinct associations with specific GCF biomarkers.
Conservation Status and Population Density of Himalayan Serow (<i>Capricornis sumatraensis</i>) in Annapurna Conservation Area of Nepal
Authors: Aryal Achyut 
Published: January 2010

Himalayan Serow ‘Capricornis sumatraensis' population is isolated in a small patch of the southern part of Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) with a population density of 1.17 individual/km2 and a population sex ratio of 1:1.6(Male: Female). A strong correlation was found between population (y) and pellets density (x) (y=0.011x-0.2619, R2-0.97). The major problems in the Serow habitat were habitat fragmentation & land use change, conflict between predator and villager, livestock grazing and poaching. The study was successful in providing information on the present status of Himalayan Serow in the ACA Key Words: Population density, Sex ratio, Fragmentation, Conservation, Threats DOI: 10.3126/init.v3i0.2423 The Initiation Vol.3 2009 p.12-19
Climate Change and its Increasing Impacts in Nepal
Authors: Karki Madhav , Mool Pradip , Shrestha Arun 
Published: January 2010

There is a general agreement that Climate Change impacting Nepal rather disproportionately compared to its size and its own meagre contribution of the green house gases. However, given its location between two rapidly growing economies of India and China, Nepal cannot escape the rapidly increasing influence of climate and global changes. The rapidly retreating glaciers (average retreat of more than 30 m/year), rapid rise in temperature (>0.06°C), erratic rainfalls and increase in frequency of extreme events such as floods and drought like situation are some of the effects Nepal is facing during the last few years. Most of the big rivers of Nepal are glacier-fed and its main resources of water and hydroelectricity will be seriously affected due to the ongoing changes in glacier reserves, snowfall and natural hazards. Nepal has to prepare itself to try and mitigate these effects if possible and if not adapt to them to reduce their impacts on our lives and livelihoods. Nepal is largely a mountainous country and current indications are that the mountain regions are more vulnerable due to increased warming trends as well as extreme changes in altitude over small distances. These alarming trends not only make Nepal's major sectors of economy such as agriculture, tourism and energy more vulnerable but also endanger the health, safety and wellbeing of Nepali people. Biodiversity - the other important resources of Nepal is also being affected as invasive species will spread fast and useful medicinal, food and nutrition related plants may disappear. Climate change is becoming already dangerous to our survival and we have to do everything possible to prevent it being catastrophic to us. The globally accepted strategy to contain disastrous climate change impacts is Adaptation and Mitigation. For a least developed country such as Nepal, adaptation should be the priority. Nepal is currently preparing National Action Plan on Adaptation (NAPA) which should be made as comprehensive and topical as possible. Well coordinated, quick and serious implementation of NAPA will be extremely important to mitigate and adapt to the growing impacts of climate change in Nepal. Nepal's central location in the Himalaya portends the fact that it is the prime target country of climate change impacts and calls for it to play a leadership role at least in showing political will and playing a responsible role in global events such as the COP-15 at Copenhagen. DOI: 10.3126/init.v3i0.2425 The Initiation Vol.3 2009 p.30-37
The effect of initial microstructure and processing temperature on microstructure and texture in multilayered Al/Al(Sc) ARB sheets
Authors: Quadir Md. Zakaria , Al-Buhamad Oday , Lau Kai D. , Quarfoth Ryan , Bassman Lori , Munroe Paul R. , Ferry Michael 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA commercial purity Al alloy and an Al-0.3Sc (wt.%) alloy, the latter in either the supersaturated or artificially aged condition, were accumulative roll bonded at either 200 or 350°C to high strain to generate sheet materials consisting of 32 or 64 alternating layers of Al and Al(Sc). The microstructure and texture of the processed materials were investigated mainly using electron backscattered diffraction scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The deformation microstructure and texture of these two alloy combinations were strongly influenced by both the initial heat treatment condition of the Al(Sc) alloy whereby large-scale shear bands were generated during rolling when a dispersion of fine Al3Sc particles is present in the Al(Sc) layers. The effect of initial microstructure and processing temperature affected the subsequent recrystallization microstructure and texture of the Al/Al(Sc) composite during annealing at 350°C. Here, the Al(Sc) layers remain unrecrystallized in all materials with the Al layers undergoing continuous and discontinuous recrystallization after low and high temperature ARB, respectively. The lack of recrystallization in the Al(Sc) layers generated an alternating recrystallized/recovered microstructure in all materials.
An atom probe characterisation of grain boundaries in an aluminium alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing
Authors: Sha Gang , Ringer Simon P. , Duan Zhi Chao , Langdon Terence G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe segregation of solute elements at the grain boundaries of an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing was characterised using three-dimensional atom probe tomography. The results show that Mg and Cu segregate strongly to the grain boundaries but Zn shows no clear segregation and even becomes depleted near the boundaries. Trace elements such as Zr, Cr, Si and Mn show no clear segregation at the grain boundaries. An increase in the number of passes leads to a decrease in the grain size but there is no clear effect on the levels of solute segregation at the boundaries. The significant segregation of certain major alloying element at the boundaries of ultrafine-grained alloys implies that the less super-saturation solutes in the matrix will be available for precipitation with a decrease in the average grain size.
The nature of grain refinement in equal-channel angular pressing: a comparison of representative fcc and hcp metals
Authors: Figueiredo Roberto B. , Langdon Terence G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractEqual-channel angular pressing is an effective tool for producing exceptional grain refinement in bulk polycrystalline metals. Typically, processing in this way refines the grains to the submicrometer level in a wide range of metals but recent experiments have established that the mechanism of grain refinement is different in fcc and hcp metals. Specifically, the refining of grains in aluminum involves the introduction of elongated bands of cells or subgrains and the subsequent evolution of this structure into an array of ultrafine grains whereas in magnesium the limited number of slip systems leads to the formation of new grains along the existing grain boundaries. Because of these limitations, magnesium alloys are especially susceptible to the production of materials having bimodal grain distributions.
Softening of high purity aluminum and copper processed by high pressure torsion
Authors: Edalati Kaveh , Ito Yuki , Suehiro Kenichiro , Horita Zenji 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHigh purity Al (99.99 wt.%) and high purity Cu (99.99 wt.%) were processed using high pressure torsion. The mechanism for unusual softening in Al after the resultant intense plastic straining was investigated. The pure Cu was used to simulate a thermal effect on the hardness behavior and microstructural evolution after processing. This simulation consists of processing and subsequently keeping the pure Cu at the temperature equivalent to room temperature for pure Al. It is shown that the softening of the processed Cu occurs by static recrystallization. It is then suggested that the softening in Al should be due to recovery and/or recrystallization. Whereas the softening in Cu occurs rather slowly, it is very quick in Al and it may even be dynamic during processing by high pressure torsion.
Processing by severe plastic deformation:an ancient skill adapted for the modern world
Authors: Valiev Ruslan Z. , Xia Kenong , Langdon Terence G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe processing of bulk solids through the application of severe plastic deformation has now become a well-established procedure for achieving grain refinement to the submicrometer or even the nanometer level. Several basic techniques are currently in place but most attention has been devoted to the procedures of equal-channel angular pressing, high-pressure torsion and accumulative roll-bonding. This paper presents an introductory overview of processing by severe plastic deformation including historical developments and recent new advances in the processing technology. Special emphasis is placed on the move towards the commercialization of the severe plastic deformation approach.
Nanostructuring of Ti-alloys by SPD processing to achieve superior fatigue properties
Authors: Semenova Irina P. , Yakushina Evgeniya B. , Nurgaleeva Veronika V. , Valiev Ruslan Z. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis work is related to the enhancement of the fatigue properties in ultrafine-grained Ti alloys produced by severe plastic deformation techniques. To process commercially pure Ti Grade 4 and Ti-6Al-4V alloys, combined severe plastic deformation techniques that include equal channel angular pressing and additional thermal and deformation treatments were used. As a result we could produce ultrafine-grained Ti materials with a similar grain size of less than 300–400 nm but different in their shape and grain boundary structure (both low- and high-angle, equilibrium and non-equilibrium grain boundaries). It is shown that tailoring grain boundaries by severe plastic deformation techniques makes it possible to considerably enhance the strength of Ti materials while preserving high ductility. In turn, ultrafine-grained materials with enhanced strength and ductility demonstrate superior fatigue endurance and life.
Deformation mechanisms in an ultra-fine grained Al alloy
Authors: Sabirov Ilchat , Barnett Matthew R. , Estrin Yuri , Timokhina Ilana , Hodgson Peter D. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This work focuses on the deformation behavior of an ultra-fine grained Al-Mg-Si alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates. The effect of temperature and strain rate on the homogeneity of plastic deformation, the evolution of microstructure, the strain rate sensitivity and the underlying deformation mechanisms are investigated. It is demonstrated that the localization of plastic deformation at the micro scale is triggered by grain boundary sliding due to grain boundary diffusion. The contributions of different deformation mechanisms during the plastic deformation of the material are discussed.
Botanical Transculturation: Japanese and British Knowledge and Understanding of Aucuba japonica and Larix leptolepis 1700-1920
Authors: Tachibana Setsu , Watkins Charles 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Two species, Aucuba japonica and Larix leptolepis , introduced from Japan to Britain provide examples of different types of transculturation. We demonstrate the complexity of the interchange of Japanese and European knowledge of natural history in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The importance of this exchange and interaction was consciously underplayed by those recounting the discovery of plants by European collectors. We identify different modes of transculturation. Initially, most introduced plants are celebrated as exotic but after a period of testing the most popular plants become culturally assimilated. Some plants may, at a later stage, become physically hybridised. The hardiness of the plants was a crucial factor for successful cultural assimilation. In Britain, Aucuba japonica was initially celebrated as an exotic but over time became culturally assimilated, particularly in town and city gardens. Larix leptolepis also became assimilated through its economic timber value and became physically hybridised with the European larch in Scotland to produce Larix eurolepis .
Canals Spawn Dams? Exploring the Filiation of Hydraulic Infrastructure
Authors: Trottier Julie , Fernandez Sara 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
This article studies the aetiology underlying water managementby exploring the social hermeneutics that determined its construction. It details how science, technology and political relations construct each other mutually, both producing and harnessing the scientific discourse on the environment. Supply management continues to prevail, in spite of contradictory claims, through the filiation process linking successive generations of water infrastructure. The case study of the Neste Canal inducing the construction of the Charlas Dam, allows the identification of three types of mechanisms participating in the construction of water deficits that now lead both proponents and opponents of dam construction to harness the environmental discourse. The first lies in the social construction of water science and technology. The second lies in the evolution of power relations among the various actors. The third lies in the insertion of the 'expert' within these power relations.
Comment prépare-t-on l'acquisition de la lecture et de l'écriture à l'école maternelle ?
Authors: Lurcat Liliane , Cambon Jacqueline 
Published: January 2010

¿ Cómo se prepara la adquisición de la lectura y de la escritura en el preescolar ? —
Encuesta por cuestionario sobre las prácticas efectivas de las maestras y la percepción que tienen de sus bases. Los resultados subrayan la diversidad de las modalidades de esa preparación que tendrían que ser comunicadas a los maestros del curso preparatorio (la de EGB) para facilitar la adaptación de sus nuevas actividades de aprendizaje.