bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pore Seal Property of Ultra-thin Layer for Porous Low-k Films revealed by Ellipsometric Porosimetry
Authors: Ono Shoko Sugiyama , Kayaba Yasuhisa , Suzuki Tsuneji , Tanaka Hirofumi , Kohmura Kazuo 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIt was found for the first time that the control of the size of pore sealant is important to prevent diffusions of pore sealant into pores of porous low-k films and to achieve a good toluene seal property. Two pore sealants (PS-A, B) were prepared and the seal property and porous structure were studied using toluene based ellipsometric porosimetry (EP) measurements. It was revealed that small pore sealant (PS-B) diffuses into pores of porous low-k (PLK) films and did not show any seal property, while large pore sealant (PS-A) does not diffuse into pores of porous low-k films and shows a good toluene seal property. Ellipsometry shows that PS-A forms conformal layer only on the vicinity of surface of porous low-k films, but porous structure of porous low-k films at the bottom part is kept, according the fact that the refractive index did not increase.Furthermore, we developed a new pore seal material (PS-C) to form ultra-thin conformal layer by a single pass, which shows a good toluene seal property. The dielectric constant increased from 2.10 to 2.25 by covering with PS-C. The obtained layer also shows the effect as the protect layer of porous low-k films from plasma damages.
Quantitative Determination of the Mechanical Stresses in BEoL Films and Structures on Si Wafers with Sub-micron Spatial Resolution by fibDAC
Authors: Rzepka Sven , Vogel Dietmar , Auerswald Ellen , Michel Bernd 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe fibDAC stress analysis method, a new tool for local stress measurement, has been applied to patterned BEoL structures after being validated at complete films by established industrial methods like wafer bow measurement. The new tool uses focused ion beam (FIB) to mill a narrow trench of down to 30 nm width into the surface of the structure under investigation to trigger stress relief in its vicinity. Capturing the corresponding deformation by high resolution SEM micrographs and local digital image correlation, the original stress can be determined by simulating the stress relief process by automated finite element analyses. Simultaneously, the extraction of key material parameters of the film like Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio is possible.The spatial resolution of the fibDAC stress analysis method is 1 μm and better. It has been demonstrated at arrays of BEoL interconnects. The magnitude of the local stresses inside the metal traces has been shown to be substantially different to those occurring in the dielectrics between the lines. Such a spatial resolution clearly outperforms all established industrial methods.
Retraction Notice: Zebrafish Caspase-3: Molecular Cloning, Characterization, Crystallization and Phylogenetic Analysis
Authors: Chakraborty Chiranjib , S. Nandi Shyam , Sinha Surajit , K. Gera V. 
Published: July 2012

As per Bentham Science’s policy, the following article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and its Authors published in ‘Protein & Peptide Letters“ due to their use of text obtained from another paper published in the Biochemical Journal:

Title:
“Zebrafish Caspase-3: Molecular Cloning, Characterization, Crystallization and Phylogenetic Analysis; Protein & Peptide Letters, vol.13, no. 6; Pp.633-640”

Authors:
Chiranjib Chakraborty, Shyam S. Nandi, Surajit Sinha and V. K. Gera

The above article is a plagiarized version of another article entitled “Characterization of zebrafish caspase-3 and induction of apoptosis through ceramide generation in fish fathead minnow tailbud cells and zebrafish embryo by Takeshi YABU, Shuji KISHI, Toshiro OKAZAKI and Michiaki YAMASHITA, 360, 39±47 (Printed in Great Britain)” published in the Biochemical Journal in 2001. ON behalf f all co-authors, Dr. Chakraborty seeks apology to Bentham Science as well as throughout the scientific community as a whole for breach of ethics in scientific publishing. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for not detecting this during the publishing process. We thank the Chair of the Editorial Board of the Biochemical Journal for bringing this breach of conduct to our attention.
Outcome of phacoemulsification in eyes with cataract and corneal opacity partially obscuring the pupillary area
Authors: Panda A , Krishna S N , Dada T 
Published: July 2012

Objective: To evaluate the intra-operative difficulties and postoperative visual outcome following phacoemulisification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in eyes with cataract and a coexisting corneal opacity partially obscuring the pupillary area. Materials and methods: The study included 205 eyes of 205 patients with cataract, an extensive corneal opacity partially obscuring the pupillary area and a corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of less than 40/200 who had undergone phacoemulisification with IOL implantation by a single surgeon. The patients were followed up on day 1, day 7, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Intra-operative and post operative course and CDVA were evaluated. Results: Seventy nine percent of the patients underwent phaco-emulsification via superior clear corneal approach while the rest were operated via temporal clear corneal approach. Trypan blue (0.06%) dye assisted capsulorrhexis was successfully completed in all eyes with additional maneuvers including posterior synechiolysis and sphincterotomy. Nucleotomy with primary chop technique and phacoemulsification were performed uneventfully in all but one eye, which was converted to an extra capsular cataract extraction (ECCE). A foldable intraocular lens was implanted in 76 eyes, rigid IOL in 128 eyes and 1 eye was left aphakic. The pre-operative CDVA of less than 40/200 improved to 20/60 at the end of 3 months follow up.Conclusions: Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation provides ambulatory and useful vision in eyes with coexisting cataract and corneal opacity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6535 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 217-223
Trypan blue staining of filtering bleb in eyes with operated trabeculectomy
Authors: Dada T , Bali S J , Mohan S , Bhartiya S , Sobti A , Panda A 
Published: July 2012

Objective: To report the use of trypan blue staining of the filtering bleb to assess its functional status in eyes undergoing phacoemulsification after trabeculectomy. Subjects and methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary eye care centre in North India and studied 33 eyes of 33 patients ( with previously operated trabeculectomy), who underwent phacoemulsification. Trypan blue dye (0.06%) was used to stain the anterior capsule. After completion of phacoemulsification, the staining of the trabeculectomy bleb was noted as diffuse, patchy, minimal or no staining. Results: Of the 33 eyes, 13 had diffuse staining (39.4%, mean IOP = 9.3 ± 2.2 mm Hg), 7 (21.2%, mean IOP= 15.5 ± 1.8 mm Hg) had patchy staining, 4 had minimal staining (12.1%, mean IOP= 17.5 ± 0.5mm Hg) and nine (27.3%, mean IOP= 19.3 ± 1.6 mm Hg) had no staining. These staining patterns were labeled as groups 1 - 4 respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the difference between the IOPs in Group 1 - 2 and between Group 2 - 3 was not significant statistically (p=0.682 and 0.665 respectively). However the differences between the IOPs between Groups 1 - 3, 1 - 4, 2 - 4, and 3 - 4 were found to be highly significant statistically (p<0.0005).Conclusions: Trypan blue dye can be used to test the amount of sub-conjunctival filtration in eyes undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6536 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 224-229
Ganglion cell complex scan in the early prediction of glaucoma
Authors: Ganekal S 
Published: July 2012

Objective: To compare the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) with peripapillary retinal fiber layer (RNFL) thickness map in glaucoma suspects and patients. Subjects and methods: Forty participants (20 glaucoma suspects and 20 glaucoma patients) were enrolled. Macular GCC and RNFL thickness maps were performed in both eyes of each participant in the same visit. The sensitivity and specificity of a color code less than 5% (red or yellow) for glaucoma diagnosis were calculated. Standard Automated Perimetry was performed with the Octopus 3.1.1 Dynamic 24-2 program. Statistics: The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS 10.1 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, EUA). Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and a p value of 0.05 or less was considered significant. Results: Provide absolute numbers of these findings with their units of measurement. There was a statistically significant difference in average RNFL thickness (p=0.004), superior RNFL thickness (p=0.006), inferior RNFL thickness (p=0.0005) and average GCC (p=0.03) between the suspects and glaucoma patients. There was no difference in optic disc area (p=0.35) and vertical cup/disc ratio (p=0.234) in both groups. While 38% eyes had an abnormal GCC and 13% had an abnormal RNFL thickness in the glaucoma suspect group, 98% had an abnormal GCC and 90% had an abnormal RNFL thickness in the glaucoma group.Conclusion: The ability to diagnose glaucoma with macular GCC thickness is comparable to that with peripapillary RNFL thickness. Macular GCC thickness measurements may be a good alternative or a complementary measurement to RNFL thickness assessment in the clinical evaluation of glaucoma.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6538 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 236-241
Changing trends in idiopathic retinal vasculitis in a tertiary eye care centre of Nepal over a ten-year period
Authors: Kharel R Sitaula , Aryal S , Joshi S N , Shrestha J K 
Published: July 2012

Objectives: To study the demographic profile, clinical presentations, management and visual outcome of retinal vasculitis in a tertiary eye care center of Nepal Materials and methods: A retrospective, record based study of retinal vasculitis cases in the retina clinic of a tertiary care centre in Nepal from January 2009 to January 2011 was carried out. Results of the study were compared to those from the study conducted in a similar set- up between 1998 and 2000. Results: Sixty-nine eyes of 51affected patients were evaluated in the study. The male/female ratio was 2.64:1 vs 19:1 a decade ago (p=0.0027). The mean age of the patients was 33.53 ± 12.29 years in the present study. Bilateral ocular involvement was present in 18 cases (35.3%) vs 56.14% in the past decade (p=0044).The common symptoms were dimness of vision (29.4%), floaters (25.5 %) and flashes of light (3.92%). Seventy-one eyes (69.6%) had the best corrected visual acuity of 6/18 or better. Four eyes (3.92 %) had no light perception. Vascular sheathing was the most common finding (32.35%), followed by vitritis (30.39%). Corticosteroids were primarily used to manage retinal vasculitis (39.21%). No association of retinal vasculitis with tuberculosis was found.Conclusion: The demographic pattern and clinical presentation of idiopathic retinal vasculitis has changed over a decade period in Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6541 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 256-262
Visual outcome in open globe injuries
Authors: Thevi T , Mimiwati Z , Reddy S C 
Published: July 2012

Objective: To determine the factors affecting the visual outcome in patients with open globe injuries of eye. Materials and methods: In a prospective interventional study of consecutive patients with open globe injuries, the age, gender, place of injury, object causing injury and safety precautions taken were recorded. A detailed examination of the eye was done with a slit-lamp. X-rays of the orbits were taken in order to determine the presence of a foreign body. The injuries were classified as simple or complicated depending on the involvement of the pupil/iris, lens and retina. Finally, post operative best-corrected visual acuity at last follow up was noted. Results: Fifty-two patients (52 eyes) were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 27.25±12.62 years (range 9-73 years). The majority of injuries occurred in the workplace (36.5%); nail (15.4%) and glass (15.4%) were the most common objects causing injury. Of those with good initial visual acuity, 90% maintained good visual outcome. Patients with corneal lacerations of less than 5 mm had significant good visual outcome. The number of corneal lacerations and visual axis involvement did not affect the visual outcome. Those with corneoscleral lacerations had significantly poor visual outcomes compared to those with corneal or scleral lacerations alone.Conclusion: Predictors of good visual outcome are good initial visual acuity, a corneal laceration wound of less than 5mm, a deep anterior chamber, and simple lacerations. Age, gender, place of injury, object causing injury, presence of hyphema or intraocular foreign body, and the use of safety precautions did not affect the visual outcome.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6542 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 263-270
Gender equity in eye health of Nepal: A hospital-based study
Authors: Shrestha M K , Chan H , Gurung R 
Published: July 2012

Introduction: There is a lack of literature examining the impact of gender on access to eye care in developing countries. Objective: To assess the differences in access to eye care between females and males, in the urban hospital setting and in rural outreach clinics. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was designed to review the patients who sought eye care at a tertiary level eye care institute and its rural outreach clinics from 2006 to 2009 in Nepal. Data were retrieved from clinical records. Results: In the hospital, females accounted for 50.8% of patients receiving outpatient care and 48.3% of patients receiving surgical care. In rural outreach clinics, females accounted for 56.1% of clinic patients and 51.5% of patients undergoing surgery. Fewer girls than boys aged 0-14 years (44.3%) sought clinical care at the hospital. Conclusion: Females account for approximately half of the hospital eye care services in Nepal. More females seek care at rural outreach clinics than at the urban hospital. However, given the female burden of disease in Nepal, there is still much improvement to be made in this area of care.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6544 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 277-281
Vision science literature of Nepal in the database “Web of Science”
Authors: Risal S , Prasad H N 
Published: July 2012

Introduction: Vision Science is considered to be a quite developed discipline in Nepal, with much research currently in progress. Though the results of these endeavors are published in scientific journals, formal citation analyses have not been performed on works contributed by Nepalese vision scientists. Objective: To study Nepal’s contribution to vision science literature in the database “Web of Science”. Materials and methods: The primary data source of this paper was Web of Science, a citation database of Thomas Reuters. All bibliometric analyses were performed with the help of Web of Science analysis service. Results: In the current database of vision science literature, Nepalese authors contributed 112 publications to Web of Science, 95 of which were original articles. Pokharel GP had the highest number of citations among contributing authors of Nepal. Hennig A contributed the highest number of article as a first author. The Nepal Eye Hospital contributed the highest number of articles as an institution to the field of Vision Science.Conclusion: Currently, only two journals from Nepal including Journal of Nepal Medical Association (JAMA) are indexed in the Web of Science database (Sieving, 2012). To evaluate the total productivity of vision science literature from Nepal, total publication counts from national journals and articles indexed in other databases such as PubMed and Scopus must also be considered.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6548 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 303-308
Repositioning of Ahmed glaucoma valve tube in the anterior chamber with prolene sutures to manage tube-endothelial touch
Authors: Dada T , Gupta R , Tinwala S I , Sobti A , Panda A 
Published: July 2012

Background: Corneal endothelial damage is a known complication of aqueous shunt surgery. Objective: To describe a new technique for repositioning the Ahmed glaucoma valve tube in a case of tube-endothelial touch.Case: A patient with advanced glaucoma, having undergone Ahmed glaucoma valve (AVG) implantation, developed localized corneal endothelial damage due to contact between the tube and superior corneal endothelium. Two 10-0 prolene anchor sutures were passed over the tube in the anterior chamber, repositioning it away from the endothelium, thus preventing further damage to the corneal endothelium. Resolution of corneal oedema was noted without affecting the tube drainage and intraocular pressure. Conclusion: Intracameral repositioning of the shunt tube using prolene sutures is a useful technique for correcting the tube malposition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6549 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 309-411
Prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with enucleated eye - a case report
Authors: Garg P , Garg S , Bansal D , Suresh S 
Published: July 2012

Background: The loss of an eye has a crippling effect on the psychology of the patient, making rehabilitation process challenging for both doctor and patient. Objective: To report a case of anophthalmic socket with prosthetic rehabilitation in a cost effective manner. Case: A 32-year-old female presented with anophthalmic socket for prosthetic rehabilitation. A custom made ocular prosthesis was implanted successfully. Conclusion: The custom made ocular prosthesis is simple, affordable and can be carried out in a small clinical set-up and provides a superior natural appearance.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6550 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 312-314
Ocular myocysticercosis: Favorable outcomes with early diagnosis and appropriate therapy
Authors: Chopra R , Kapoor H , Chopra A 
Published: July 2012

Background: Ocular myocysticercosis is rare and a high index of suspicion is required for its diagnosis. Objective: To describe clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of ocular myocysticercosis. Cases: We describe a series of three patients who had different clinical presentations of ocular myocysticerocosis namely diplopia, restricted ocular motility and subconjunctival cyst. The treatment with oral albendazole and prednisolone was effective in all three cases. Conclusion: Favorable outcomes can be achieved with a high index of suspicion, early diagnosis and treatment with oral albendazole and prednisolone in patients with ocular myocysticercosis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6551 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 315-318
Melanocytoma of the optic disc – a case report
Authors: Sharma H , Puri L R 
Published: July 2012

Introduction: Melanocytoma of the optic disc is a benign lesion. Objective: To describe a case of optic disc melanocytoma Case: A 48-year old lady presented with gradual visual impairment associated with a floater. The right eye fundus examination showed a mass uniformly dark black in colour on the optic disc. The mass completely obscured the fluorescence on fluorescein angiography and was thus differentiated from malignant melanoma. Conclusion: Optic disc melanocytoma can present with visual impairment and a floater. Fluorescein angiography can be useful to differentiate between malignDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6553 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 323-325
Patient reported evaluation of functional symptoms (PREFS): a simple method of ascertaining patient satisfaction post cataract surgery
Authors: Waqar S , Holdstock C , Evans N 
Published: July 2012

No abstract available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6562 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 346-347
Book and Website Reviews
Authors: Rief Silvia , Palumbo Antonino , Craig John , Sheridan Dorothy , Stierer Barry , Edlinger Gabriela 
Published: July 2012

Myra H. Strober (2011): Interdisciplinary Conversations. Challenging Habits of ThoughtReview by Silvia RiefHans Radder (ed.) (2010): The Commodification of Academic Research: Science and the Modern UniversityReview by Antonino PalumboGabriela Pleschová (ed.) (2010): IT in Action: Stimulating Quality Learning at Undergraduate StudentsReview by John CraigLes Back (2010-11): Academic Diary, http://www.academic-diary.co.uk/Sally Fincher, Janet Finlay, Isobel Falconer, Helen Sharp and Josh Tenenberg (2008-11): The Share Project, http://www.sharingpractice.ac.uk/homepage.htmlReview by Dorothy Sheridan and Barry StiererSabine Hikel (ed.): Leaving Academia: Offering Resources for Academic Leavers and Accounting for the Phenomenon of Brain Drain in Academia, http://www.leavingacademia.com/Review by Gabriela Edlinger
Growth response of Spirulina platensis in papaya skin extract and antimicrobial activities of Spirulina extracts in different culture media
Authors: Akhtar Nasima , Ahmeda Monzur Morshed , Sarker Nishat , Mahbuba Khandaker Rayhan , Sarker Abdul Matin 
Published: July 2012

Growth response of Spirulina platensis in papaya skin extract media and their antimicrobial activity were studied. Five different concentrations e.g. 10gm/L, 8gm/L, 6 gm/L, 4 gm/L and 2gm/L of Papaya (Carica papaya) skin extract media and BD1 (control) medium were used in this study. After 8 days of cultivation, the optical density (0.33) was recorded in BD1 medium and among the five different concentrations of papaya skin extract media the maximum was found (0.31) in 6gm/L. Antimicrobial activity of Spirulina platensis grown in three media namely Zarrouk, BD1 media and media made from papaya skin extract was also studied. Only freeze dried Spirulina platensis powder extract showed inhibitory effect against bacteria and no antifungal activity was observed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i2.11445 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(2), 147-152, 2012
In vitro plant regeneration of Coccinea cordifolia (Linn.) Cogn., an anti-diabetic medicinal plant
Authors: Roy Chapol Kumar , Munshia John Liton , Begum Nadira , Khatun Rahima , Hassanb AKM Sayeed 
Published: July 2012

An efficient protocol was developed for in vitro plant regeneration of a popularly used anti-diabetic medicinal plant, Coccinea cordifolia (Linn.) Cogn.(Cucurbitaceae) through direct organogenesis using shoot tip and nodal explants. Best shoot induction was observed on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP, in which 88.2% of nodal explants responded to produce maximum number (6.2 ± 0.58) of shoots per culture. In vitro raised shoots rooted on half strength MS medium with 0.5 mg/l IBA. The survival rate of regenerated plantlets was 85%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i2.11450 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(2), 187-190, 2012
Studies of mechanical properties of carbon fabric-polymer hybrid nanocomposite
Authors: Lingaraju Dumpala , Suneel D , Lakshmi Sree 
Published: July 2012

The development of nanoparticle reinforced composites is presently one of the most explored areas in materials science and engineering. Multiscale composites can be produced with superior properties by combining nanoparticles with traditional reinforcement materials. This research focuses on the development of such composites, through the use of carbon nanofibers (CNFs), carbon fibers and modified epoxy resin for structural and impact applications. Flexural and tensile behavior of composites has been analysed to investigate the effect of modification of epoxy matrix by adding CNFs on the mechanical properties of composites. Better strengths are obtained at 2.5 wt% of Epoxy terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer (ETBN) and 2 wt% of Carbon nanofibers (CNF) in the polymer hybrid nanocomposite. Morphological and fracture analysis of composites were performed by SEM DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i2.11451 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(2), 191-196, 2012