bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nucleobindin 2 inhibits senescence in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Ishibashi Yu , Itoh Takashi , Oguri Yasuko , Hashimura Miki , Yokoi Ako , Matsumoto Toshihide , Harada Yohei , Fukagawa Naomi , Hayashi Misato , Ono Mototsugu , Kusano Chika , Saegusa Makoto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHere, we focused on the role of Nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2), a multifunctional protein, in gastric carcinoma (GC) progression. NUCB2 expression was investigated in 150 GC cases (20 non-invasive (pT1) and 130 invasive (pT2/pT3/pT4) tumors) by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and in situ hybridization for detection of the mRNA in 21 cases. Using GC cell lines, we determined whether NUCB2 expression was associated with specific cellular phenotypes. In GC clinical samples, NUCB2 was transcriptionally upregulated when compared to normal tissues. High NUCB2 expression was associated with clinicopathological factors including deep tumor invasion, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and advanced clinical stages, and was a significant independent predictor of unfavorable progression-free survival in 150 non-invasive and invasive GC patients. Similar findings were also evident in 72 invasive GC cases in which patients received post-operative chemotherapy, but not in 58 invasive tumors from patients who did not receive the chemotherapy. In cell lines, NUCB2 knockout inhibited proliferation, susceptibility to apoptosis, and migration capability by inducting cellular senescence; this was consistent with higher proliferation and apoptotic indices in the NUCB2 IHC-high compared to NUCB2 IHC-low GC cases. NUCB2-dependent inhibition of senescence in GC engenders aggressive tumor behavior by modulating proliferation, apoptosis, and migration.
Preference of position in the proximity of various sugars revealed by location analysis of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kato Haruki , Nakagawa Hiroyuki , Ishizaki Chiaki , Tomita Jun , Kume Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFeeding behaviors are determined by two main factors. One is the internal state, such as hunger or previous experiences; the other is external factors, such as sensory stimulation. During starvation, animals must balance food-seeking behavior with energy conservation. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, serves as a useful model for studying food selectivity and various behaviors related to food intake. However, few studies have directly connected food selectivity with other behaviors, such as locomotor activity and sleep. In this study, we report that flies exhibited a preference for specific positions and spent more time in the proximity of sweet sugars, such as sucrose and sucralose, but not non-sweet and nutritious sugars like xylitol and sorbitol. On the other hand, prolonged exposure to sorbitol increased the staying time of flies in the proximity of sorbitol. Additionally, after starvation, flies immediately exhibited a position preference in the proximity of sorbitol. These findings suggest that flies prefer the proximity of sweet food, and starvation alters their preference for nutritious food, which may be beneficial for their survival.
5-MeO-DMT induces sleep-like LFP spectral signatures in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of awake rats
Authors: Souza Annie C. , Souza Bryan C. , França Arthur , Moradi Marzieh , Souza Nicholy C. , Leão Katarina E. , Tort Adriano B. L. , Leão Richardson N. , Lopes-dos-Santos Vítor , Ribeiro Sidarta 
Published: May 2024

Abstract5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a potent classical psychedelic known to induce changes in locomotion, behaviour, and sleep in rodents. However, there is limited knowledge regarding its acute neurophysiological effects. Local field potentials (LFPs) are commonly used as a proxy for neural activity, but previous studies investigating psychedelics have been hindered by confounding effects of behavioural changes and anaesthesia, which alter these signals. To address this gap, we investigated acute LFP changes in the hippocampus (HP) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of freely behaving rats, following 5-MeO-DMT administration. 5-MeO-DMT led to an increase of delta power and a decrease of theta power in the HP LFPs, which could not be accounted for by changes in locomotion. Furthermore, we observed a dose-dependent reduction in slow (20–50 Hz) and mid (50–100 Hz) gamma power, as well as in theta phase modulation, even after controlling for the effects of speed and theta power. State map analysis of the spectral profile of waking behaviour induced by 5-MeO-DMT revealed similarities to electrophysiological states observed during slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Our findings suggest that the psychoactive effects of classical psychedelics are associated with the integration of waking behaviours with sleep-like spectral patterns in LFPs.
Directed biomechanical compressive forces enhance fusion efficiency in model placental trophoblast cultures
Authors: Parameshwar Prabu Karthick , Li Chen , Arnauts Kaline , Jiang Junqing , Rostami Sabra , Campbell Benjamin E. , Lu Hongyan , Rosenzweig Derek Hadar , Vaillancourt Cathy , Moraes Christopher 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe syncytiotrophoblast is a multinucleated structure that arises from fusion of mononucleated cytotrophoblasts, to sheath the placental villi and regulate transport across the maternal–fetal interface. Here, we ask whether the dynamic mechanical forces that must arise during villous development might influence fusion, and explore this question using in vitro choriocarcinoma trophoblast models. We demonstrate that mechanical stress patterns arise around sites of localized fusion in cell monolayers, in patterns that match computational predictions of villous morphogenesis. We then externally apply these mechanical stress patterns to cell monolayers and demonstrate that equibiaxial compressive stresses (but not uniaxial or equibiaxial tensile stresses) enhance expression of the syndecan-1 and loss of E-cadherin as markers of fusion. These findings suggest that the mechanical stresses that contribute towards sculpting the placental villi may also impact fusion in the developing tissue. We then extend this concept towards 3D cultures and demonstrate that fusion can be enhanced by applying low isometric compressive stresses to spheroid models, even in the absence of an inducing agent. These results indicate that mechanical stimulation is a potent activator of cellular fusion, suggesting novel avenues to improve experimental reproductive modelling, placental tissue engineering, and understanding disorders of pregnancy development.
Synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles from Lawsonia inermis and its effect on the biodegradation of crude oil hydrocarbon
Authors: Muthukumar Balakrishnan , Duraimurugan Ramanathan , Parthipan Punniyakotti , Rajamohan Rajaram , Rajagopal Rajakrishnan , Narenkumar Jayaraman , Rajasekar Aruliah , Malik Tabarak 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCrude oil hydrocarbons are considered major environmental pollutants and pose a significant threat to the environment and humans due to having severe carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Bioremediation is one of the practical and promising technology that can be applied to treat the hydrocarbon-polluted environment. In this present study, rhamnolipid biosurfactant (BS) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PP4 and green synthesized iron nanoparticles (G-FeNPs) from Lawsonia inermis was used to evaluate the biodegradation efficiency (BE) of crude oil. The surface analysis of G-FeNPs was carried out by using FESEM and HRTEM to confirm the size and shape. Further, the average size of the G-FeNPs was observed around 10 nm by HRTEM analysis. The XRD and Raman spectra strongly confirm the presence of iron nanoparticles with their respective peaks. The BE (%) of mixed degradation system-V (PP4+BS+G-FeNPs) was obtained about 82%. FTIR spectrum confirms the presence of major functional constituents (C=O, –CH3, C–O, and OH) in the residual oil content. Overall, this study illustrates that integrated nano-based bioremediation could be an efficient approach for hydrocarbon-polluted environments. This study is the first attempt to evaluate the G-FeNPs with rhamnolipid biosurfactant on the biodegradation of crude oil.
Associations of coping and health-related behaviors with medical students’ well-being and performance during objective structured clinical examination
Authors: Barret Noémie , Guillaumée Théodore , Rimmelé Thomas , Cortet Marion , Mazza Stéphanie , Duclos Antoine , Rode Gilles , Lilot Marc , Schlatter Sophie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a valid method to evaluate medical students’ competencies. The present cross-sectional study aimed at determining how students’ coping and health-related behaviors are associated with their psychological well-being and performance on the day of the OSCE. Fourth-year medical students answered a set of standardized questionnaires assessing their coping (BCI) and health-related behaviors before the examination (sleep PSQI, physical activity GPAQ). Immediately before the OSCE, they reported their level of instant psychological well-being on multi-dimensional visual analogue scales. OSCE performance was assessed by examiners blinded to the study. Associations were explored using multivariable linear regression models. A total of 482 students were included. Instant psychological well-being was positively associated with the level of positive thinking and of physical activity. It was negatively associated with the level of avoidance and of sleep disturbance. Furthermore, performance was negatively associated with the level of avoidance. Positive thinking, good sleep quality, and higher level of physical activity were all associated with improved well-being before the OSCE. Conversely, avoidance coping behaviors seem to be detrimental to both well-being and OSCE performance. The recommendation is to pay special attention to students who engage in avoidance and to consider implementing stress management programs.Clinical trial: The study protocol was registered on clinicaltrial.gov NCT05393206, date of registration: 11 June 2022.
Interleukin-16 is increased in dialysis patients but is not a cardiovascular risk factor
Authors: Brösecke Frederic , Pfau Anja , Ermer Theresa , Dein Terra Mota Ribeiro Ana Beatriz , Rubenbauer Lisa , Rao Veena S. , Burlein Sarah , Genser Bernd , Reichel Martin , Aronson Peter S. , Coca Steven , Knauf Felix 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOxalate, a uremic toxin that accumulates in dialysis patients, is associated with cardiovascular disease. As oxalate crystals can activate immune cells, we tested the hypothesis that plasma oxalate would be associated with cytokine concentrations and cardiovascular outcomes in dialysis patients. In a cohort of 104 US patients with kidney failure requiring dialysis (cohort 1), we measured 21 inflammatory markers. As IL-16 was the only cytokine to correlate with oxalate, we focused further investigations on IL-16. We searched for associations between concentrations of IL-16 and mortality and cardiovascular events in the 4D cohort (1255 patients, cohort 2) and assessed further associations of IL-16 with other uremic toxins in this cohort. IL-16 levels were positively correlated with pOx concentrations (ρ = 0.39 in cohort 1, r = 0.35 in cohort 2) and were elevated in dialysis patients when compared to healthy individuals. No significant association could be found between IL-16 levels and cardiovascular events or mortality in the 4D cohort. We conclude that the cytokine IL-16 correlates with plasma oxalate concentrations and is substantially increased in patients with kidney failure on dialysis. However, no association could be detected between IL-16 concentrations and cardiovascular disease in the 4D cohort.
Chemogenetic activation or inhibition of histaminergic neurons bidirectionally modulates recognition memory formation and retrieval in male and female mice
Authors: Costa Alessia , Ducourneau Eva , Curti Lorenzo , Masi Alessio , Mannaioni Guido , Hardt Lola , Biyong Essi F. , Potier Mylène , Blandina Patrizio , Trifilieff Pierre , Provensi Gustavo , Ferreira Guillaume , Passani M. Beatrice 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence demonstrate that the brain histaminergic system is fundamental for cognitive processes and the expression of memories. Here, we investigated the effect of acute silencing or activation of histaminergic neurons in the hypothalamic tuberomamillary nucleus (TMNHA neurons) in vivo in both sexes in an attempt to provide direct and causal evidence of the necessary role of these neurons in recognition memory formation and retrieval. To this end, we compared the performance of mice in two non-aversive and non-rewarded memory tests, the social and object recognition memory tasks, which are known to recruit different brain circuitries. To directly establish the impact of inactivation or activation of TMNHA neurons, we examined the effect of specific chemogenetic manipulations during the formation (acquisition/consolidation) or retrieval of recognition memories. We consistently found that acute chemogenetic silencing of TMNHA neurons disrupts the formation or retrieval of both social and object recognition memory in males and females. Conversely, acute chemogenetic activation of TMNHA neurons during training or retrieval extended social memory in both sexes and object memory in a sex-specific fashion. These results suggest that the formation or retrieval of recognition memory requires the tonic activity of histaminergic neurons and strengthen the concept that boosting the brain histaminergic system can promote the retrieval of apparently lost memories.
Multidrug-resistant phenotypes of genetically diverse Escherichia coli isolates from healthy domestic cats
Authors: Núñez-Samudio Virginia , Pimentel-Peralta Gumercindo , De La Cruz Alexis , Landires Iván 
Published: May 2024

AbstractΒ-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli are a widely distributed source of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), for animals and humans. Little is known about the sensitivity profile and genetic characteristics of E. coli strains isolated from domestic cats. We report a cross-sectional study that evaluated E. coli strains isolated from domestic cats in Panama. For this study the following antibiotics were analyzed: ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate cefepime, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol. The data obtained were classified as resistant, intermediate, or sensitive. MDR strains were established when the strain presented resistance to at least one antibiotic from three or more antimicrobial classes. Forty-eight E. coli isolates were obtained, of which 80% presented resistance to at least one of the antibiotics analyzed, while only 20% were sensitive to all (p = 0.0001). The most common resistance was to gentamicin (58%). Twenty-nine percent were identified as multidrug-resistant isolates and 4% with extended spectrum beta-lactamase phenotype. The genes blaTEM (39%), blaMOX(16%), blaACC (16%) and blaEBC (8%) were detected. Plasmid-mediated resistance qnrB (25%) and qnrA (13%) are reported. The most frequent sequence types (STs) being ST399 and we reported 5 new STs. Our results suggest that in intestinal strains of E. coli isolated from domestic cats there is a high frequency of AMR.
Assessment of TROP2, CEACAM5 and DLL3 in metastatic prostate cancer: Expression landscape and molecular correlates
Authors: Ajkunic Azra , Sayar Erolcan , Roudier Martine P. , Patel Radhika A. , Coleman Ilsa M. , De Sarkar Navonil , Hanratty Brian , Adil Mohamed , Zhao Jimmy , Zaidi Samir , True Lawrence D. , Sperger Jamie M. , Cheng Heather H. , Yu Evan Y. , Montgomery Robert B. , Hawley Jessica E. , Ha Gavin , Persse Thomas , Galipeau Patricia , Lee John K. , Harmon Stephanie A. , Corey Eva , Lang Joshua M. , Sawyers Charles L. , Morrissey Colm , Schweizer Michael T. , Gulati Roman , Nelson Peter S. , Haffner Michael C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTherapeutic approaches targeting proteins on the surface of cancer cells have emerged as an important strategy for precision oncology. To capitalize on the potential impact of drugs targeting surface proteins, detailed knowledge about the expression patterns of the target proteins in tumor tissues is required. In castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), agents targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have demonstrated clinical activity. However, PSMA expression is lost in a significant number of CRPC tumors. The identification of additional cell surface targets is necessary to develop new therapeutic approaches. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the expression heterogeneity and co-expression patterns of trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2), delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3), and carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) in CRPC samples from a rapid autopsy cohort. We show that DLL3 and CEACAM5 exhibit the highest expression in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), while TROP2 is expressed across different CRPC molecular subtypes, except for NEPC. We further demonstrated that AR alterations were associated with higher expression of PSMA and TROP2. Conversely, PSMA and TROP2 expression was lower in RB1-altered tumors. In addition to genomic alterations, we show a tight correlation between epigenetic states, particularly histone H3 lysine 27 methylation (H3K27me3) at the transcriptional start site and gene body of TACSTD2 (encoding TROP2), DLL3, and CEACAM5, and their respective protein expression in CRPC patient-derived xenografts. Collectively, these findings provide insights into patterns and determinants of expression of TROP2, DLL3, and CEACAM5 with implications for the clinical development of cell surface targeting agents in CRPC.
Deficiency of ADAR2 ameliorates metabolic-associated fatty liver disease via AMPK signaling pathways in obese mice
Authors: Kung Mei-Lang , Cheng Siao Muk , Wang Yun-Han , Cheng Kai-Pi , Li Yu-Lin , Hsiao Yi-Tsen , Tan Bertrand Chin-Ming , Chen Yun-Wen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease caused by hepatic steatosis. Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) catalyze adenosine to inosine RNA editing. However, the functional role of ADAR2 in NAFLD is unclear. ADAR2+/+/GluR-BR/R mice (wild type, WT) and ADAR2−/−/GluR-BR/R mice (ADAR2 KO) mice are fed with standard chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. ADAR2 KO mice exhibit protection against HFD–induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Moreover, ADAR2 KO mice display reduced liver lipid droplets in concert with decreased hepatic TG content, improved hepatic insulin signaling, better pyruvate tolerance, and increased glycogen synthesis. Mechanistically, ADAR2 KO effectively mitigates excessive lipid production via AMPK/Sirt1 pathway. ADAR2 KO inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis via the AMPK/CREB pathway and promotes glycogen synthesis by activating the AMPK/GSK3β pathway. These results provide evidence that ADAR2 KO protects against NAFLD progression through the activation of AMPK signaling pathways.
PRMT5-mediated methylation of STAT3 is required for lung cancer stem cell maintenance and tumour growth
Authors: Abe Yoshinori , Sano Takumi , Otsuka Naoki , Ogawa Masashi , Tanaka Nobuyuki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSTAT3 is constitutively activated in many cancer types, including lung cancer, and can induce cancer cell proliferation and cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance. STAT3 is activated by tyrosine kinases, such as JAK and SRC, but the mechanism by which STAT3 maintains its activated state in cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we show that PRMT5 directly methylates STAT3 and enhances its activated tyrosine phosphorylation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. PRMT5 expression is also induced by STAT3, suggesting the presence of a positive feedback loop in cancer cells. Furthermore, methylation of STAT3 at arginine 609 by PRMT5 is important for its transcriptional activity and support of tumour growth and CSC maintenance. Indeed, NSCLC cells expressing the STAT3 mutant which R609 was replaced to alanine (R609K) show significantly impaired tumour growth in nude mice. Overall, our study reveals a mechanism by which STAT3 remains activated in NSCLC and provides a new target for cancer therapeutic approaches.
Bursting of condensates
Authors: Tunn Isabell , Beaune Grégory , Tersteegen Jennifer , Välisalmi Teemu , Timonen Jaakko V. I. , Brochard-Wyart Françoise , Linder Markus B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNumerous biomolecular shell-forming condensates are reported in cells and bioengineered in vitro. The relationship between the molecular structure of shell-forming condensates and their biophysical properties remains largely unexplored. To fill this gap, we characterize shell-forming condensates of bioengineered spider silk proteins based on Araneus diadematus major ampulla gland silk fibroin 3 (ADF3) using micropipette aspiration. We observe that condensates can burst during aspiration like soap bubbles or polymersomes, demonstrating the formation of a dense protein layer (shell) at the condensate interface. The tendency to burst is more pronounced for condensates formed from proteins with weakly dimerizing terminal blocks. We develop a model to analyse the aspiration and bursting of the condensates, to obtain the surface and bulk viscosity, and to estimate the shell thickness and viscosity. Understanding and controlling the bursting of condensates will open avenues for their use in materials, as compartments for reactions or drug delivery systems.
High-throughput and data-driven machine learning techniques for discovering high-entropy alloys
Authors: Zhichao Lu , Dong Ma , Xiongjun Liu , Lu Zhaoping 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHigh-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted extensive attention in recent decades due to their unique chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. An in-depth understanding of the structure–property relationship in HEAs is the key to the discovery and design of new compositions with desirable properties. Related to this, materials genome strategy has been increasingly used for discovering new HEAs with better performance. This review paper provides an overview of key advances in this fast-growing area, along with current challenges and potential opportunities for HEAs. We also discuss related topics, such as high-throughput preparation, characterization, and computation of HEAs, and data-driven machine learning for accelerating alloy development. Finally, future research directions and perspectives for the materials genome-assisted design of HEAs are proposed and discussed.
A likely role for stratification in long-term changes of the global ocean tides
Authors: Opel Lana , Schindelegger Michael , Ray Richard D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStratification—that is, the vertical change in seawater density—exerts a subtle control on the energetics and thus the surface elevation of barotropic (depth independent) flows in the ocean. Changes in stratification therefore provide a plausible pathway to explain some of the puzzling trends in ocean tides evident in tide gauge and, more recently, satellite altimetry data. Using a three-dimensional global ocean model, we estimate that strengthening of stratification between 1993 and 2020 caused open-ocean trends of order 0.1 mm yr−1 in the barotropic M2 tide, similar in structure and magnitude to long-term M2 changes deduced from satellite altimetry. Amplitude trends are predominantly negative, implying enhanced energy transfer to internal tides since the 1990s. Effects of stratification are also a relevant forcing of contemporary M2 trends at the coast, where they may modulate or even overprint the tidal response to sea level rise. Salient examples for such significant near-shore influence of stratification (≥ 95% confidence) include the Northwest Australian Shelf ( − 0.5 mm yr−1) and the coasts of western North America ( − 0.1 mm yr−1), commensurate with observed M2 amplitude trends at tide gauges.