bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyamide 6 nanofibrous nonwovens via electrospinning
Authors: Marsano Enrico , Francis Lijo , Giunco Francesco 
Published: March 2010

AbstractElectrospinning of Polyamide 6 (PA 6) in 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFE) was investigated for the fabrication of nanofibrous nonwoven membranes useful for separation systems. The effects of solution characteristics such as concentration and conductivity as well as the effects of processing conditions such as relative humidity and applied potential on the resultant nonwoven fibers were studied. By changing the relative humidity of the electrospinning chamber and the conductivity of the solvent, it is possible to modulate the fiber's size and consequently the porosity of the mats. The morphology of the electrospun PA 6 nanofibers was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the nanofibers were also studied. The results showed that PA 6 nanofibers having a diameter ranging from 100 to 600 nm, has been successfully prepared. The electrospun PA 6 nanofiber mats show good mechanical properties, such as a high‐tensile strength (12 ± 0.2 MPa) and elongation (300% ± 50%). The strength of the web was high enough to use as filter without the need of any supporting matrix and could be applicable in the field of self‐supporting membranes. The X‐ray and DSC analyses of the PA 6 electrospun fibers show the presence of the γ‐form of PA 6 crystallite that is usually obtained in the condition where a high stress of the fibers is applied. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effect of halocarbon promoters on polyethylene properties using MgCl2 (ethoxide type)/TiCl4/AlEt3/H2 catalyst system
Authors: Bahri‐Laleh Naeimeh , Abbas‐Abadi Mehrdad Seifali , Haghighi Mehdi Nekoomanesh , Akbari Zahra , Tavasoli Mohamad Reza , Mirjahanmardi Seyed Heydar 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn our previous study we found that addition of proper amount of halocarbons (HC) including chlorocyclohexane (CHC), chlorocyclopentane (CHP), butylchloride (BC), 1,4‐dichlorobutane (DCB), and chloroform (C) to the MgCl2 (Ethoxide type)/TiCl4/AlEt3 catalytic system leads to a strong productivity improvement. In this study, the effect of these halocarbons on the properties of resulting polymers was investigated using H2 as chain transfer agent at optimum HC/Ti molar ratio. The nature of halocarbon compound had a strong effect on polymer properties as well as on development of polymerization activity. Effect of halocarbon promoters on the polymer melt flow index (MFI), melt flow ratio (MFR), particle size distribution (PSD), bulk density, wax amount, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the polymers were studied. Results showed that, in the presence of halocarbons, polyethylenes with higher MFI and bulk density, broader MFR and lower wax amount have been obtained. Also, sieve analysis showed that, in the presence of halocarbons as promoter, polymers had better particle size distribution (PSD). DSC analysis showed that the Tm of PEs prepared with the different promoters were in the region commonly reported for HDPE and was not affected substantially by halocarbons, but, the crystallinity of the polymers has been improved using halocarbon promoters. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Investigation of sorption/swelling characteristics of chemically crosslinked AAm/SMA hydrogels as biopotential sorbent
Authors: Karadağ Erdener , Kırıştı Tayfun , Kundakcı Semiha , Üzüm Ömer Barış 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the equilibrium swelling and sorption properties of chemically crosslinked copolymeric hydrogels as biopotential sorbent consisting of acrylamide (AAm) and sodium methacrylate (SMA). Highly swollen AAm/SMA hydrogels were prepared by free‐radical polymerization in aqueous solution of AAm with SMA as comonomer and three multifunctional crosslinkers such as 1,4‐butanediol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and trimethylolpropane triacrylate. Swelling experiments were performed in aqueous urea solutions and safranin T at 25°C, gravimetrically. The hydrogels showed enormous swelling in aqueous (urea/water or dye/water) medium and displayed swelling characteristics that were highly depended on the chemical composition of the hydrogels. Some parameters related swelling and diffusion behavior were investigated. The values of the equilibrium percentage swelling values of AAm/SMA hydrogels were between 585 and 19,900%. The numbers determining the type of diffusion (n) are between 0.54 and 0.99. Hence, the diffusion type was found to be non‐Fickian in character for the hydrogels. Chemically crosslinked AAm/SMA hydrogels were used in experiments on sorption of water‐soluble monovalent cationic dye such as safranin T (Basic red 2, ST). For sorption of cationic dye, ST into the hydrogels was studied by batch sorption technique at 25°C. The sorption capacity of AAm/SMA hydrogels was investigated. At the end of the experiments, 17.91–83.78 ST% adsorptions were determined. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Silver‐loaded lyocell fibers modified by tempo‐mediated oxidation
Authors: Praskalo‐Milanovic J. Z. , Kostic M. M. , Dimitrijevic‐Brankovic S. I. , Skundric P. D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to accomplish antimicrobial properties in lyocell fibers by Ag+ ions sorption from aqueous silver nitrate solution. Sorption properties of lyocell fibers were improved by the selective TEMPO‐mediated oxidation, i.e. oxidation with sodium hypochlorite and catalytic amount of sodium bromide and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxy radical (TEMPO). The most suitable experimental conditions for the selective TEMPO‐mediated oxidation were determined by changing oxidation conditions: concentration of sodium hypochlorite, as well as duration of sorption. The obtained results showed that the maximum sorption capacity (0.809 mmol of Ag+ ions per gram of fibers) of modified lyocell fibers was obtained for the sample modified with 4.84 mmol NaClO per gram of cellulose, during 1 h. The antifungal activity of the TEMPO‐oxidized lyocell fibers with silver ions against fungi from the Candida family, Candida albicans (ATCC 24433), and antibacterial activity against two strains: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) were confirmed in vitro. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Nanocapsules embedded in natural rubber latex gloves
Authors: Tanpantree Saovaree , Opaprakasit Pakorn , Loykulnant Surapich , Kangwansupamonkon Wiyong , Tangboriboonrat Pramuan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo prepare medical gloves containing disinfectant agent, poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) with $\overline{M}$w of 550 K was synthesized via the iniferter technique and then used for encapsulating disinfectant agent, i.e., chlorhexidine digluconate (CHD), droplets. The CHD‐PMA nanocapsules suspended in a sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution having 93% encapsulation efficiency were successfully embedded between the outermost and inner layers of γ‐radiation vulcanized natural rubber (RVNR) latex films by the coagulant dipping process. A RVNR/CHD‐PMA nanocapsules/RVNR three‐layer structure was revealed by the contact angle measurement, ATR‐FTIR and SEM. Both the tensile strength and elongation at break of the three‐layer film were also measured. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Caseinate based biodegradable films with improved water resistance
Authors: Audic Jean‐Luc , Chaufer Bernard 
Published: March 2010

AbstractProteins are considered as an interesting alternative to traditional synthetic polymers in packaging applications. Sodium caseinate based films can be used in such area, but some of their properties need to be improved. The objective of this work was to improve water resistance of caseinate based films plasticized with triethanolamine (TEA). First, plasticized films were crosslinked by formaldehyde (HCHO) or by electron beam irradiation. The crosslinking efficiency was correlated to the decrease of protein solubility in water determined from a 280 nm absorbance method. The comparison between the two crosslinking methods showed that formaldehyde crosslinking was significantly more efficient than irradiation. The HCHO crosslinking technique was selected for the following of the study. Nevertheless, even for highly crosslinked samples, the plasticizer exuded out of the film. A second part of this work was focused on the effect of surface modification on plasticizer exudation in TEA plasticized caseinate films. Considering that silicone grease coating onto the film surface was able to control TEA exudation, surface modifying additives (SMA) based on NaCAS and organo‐silicones were used to modify films surface properties. Surface wettability and energy were determined from contact angle measurements. TEA exudation ratios in water were also monitored for films containing SMA. SMA were less efficient in controlling TEA exudation rates but could significantly reduce surface energy to 42 mJ m2. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Churches that enhance spirituality and wellbeing
Authors: Ellsworth Robert B. , Ellsworth Janet B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFrom examining thousands of surveys from 174 congregations, we earlier identified 29 aspects of ministry with strong links to spiritual and emotional wellbeing and increased the number of people coming (Ellsworth & Ellsworth, International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 6(1), 46–60, 2009). This paper explores what happened when church leaders strengthened these aspects. In examining over 12,000 surveys from 37 congregations that surveyed twice, we discovered that 20 of the 29 aspects had a major impact on changing more lives and attracting more people.This paper identifies and discusses the 20 ministry essentials that actually helped congregations experience higher levels of emotional wellbeing, spiritual growth, and/or attracted more people. We also explore the question; can congregant's emotional wellbeing impact people in the larger community? Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mean citation rate per article in mathematics journals: Differences from the scientific model
Authors: Bensman Stephen J. , Smolinsky Lawrence J. , Pudovkin Alexander I. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis paper analyzes the applicability of the article mean citation rate measures in theScience Citation Index Journal Citation Reports(SCI JCR) to the five JCR mathematical subject categories. These measures are the traditional 2‐year impact factor as well as the recently added 5‐year impact factor and 5‐year article influence score. Utilizing the 2008 SCI JCR, the paper compares the probability distributions of the measures in the mathematical categories to the probability distribution of a scientific model of impact factor distribution. The scientific model distribution is highly skewed, conforming to the negative binomial type, with much of the variance due to the important role of review articles in science. In contrast, the three article mean citation rate measures' distributions in the mathematical categories conformed to either the binomial or Poisson, indicating a high degree of randomness. Seeking reasons for this, the paper analyzes the bibliometric structure of Mathematics, finding it a disjointed discipline of isolated subfields with a weak central core of journals, reduced review function, and long cited half‐life placing most citations beyond the measures' time limits. These combine to reduce the measures' variance to one commensurate with random error. However, the measures were found capable of identifying important journals. Using data from surveys of the Louisiana State University (LSU) faculty, the paper finds a higher level of consensus among mathematicians and others on which are the important mathematics journals than the measures indicate, positing that much of the apparent randomness may be due to the measures' inapplicability to mathematical disciplines. Moreover, tests of the stability of impact factor ranks across a 5‐year time span suggested that the proper model for Mathematics is the negative binomial.
A highly sensitive LC‐MS/MS method for the determination of S‐citalopram in rat plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats
Authors: Suresh P. S. , Giri Sanjeev , Husain Raghib , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA highly sensitive, rapid assay method has been developed and validated for the estimation of S‐citalopram (S‐CPM) in rat plasma with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in the positive‐ion mode. The assay procedure involves a simple liquid–liquid extraction of S‐CPM and phenacetin (internal standard, IS) from rat plasma with t‐butyl methyl ether. Chromatographic separation was operated with 0.2% formic acid:acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.50  mL/min on a Symmetry Shield RP18 column with a total run time of 3.0  min. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were 325.26 → 109.10 for S‐CPM and 180.10 → 110.10 for IS. Method validation and pre‐clinical sample analysis were performed as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The lower limit of quantitation achieved was 0.5  ng/mL and the linearity was observed from 0.5 to 5000  ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were in the range of 1.14–5.56 and 0.25–12.3%, respectively. This novel method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study and to estimate brain‐to‐plasma ratio of S‐CPM in rats. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applications of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE‐C4D) in pharmaceutical and biological analysis
Authors: Elbashir Abdalla A. , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractConductivity detection, which is universal in capillary electrophoresis (CE), has received considerable attention, since the introduction of the axial capacitively coupled contactless detector C4D in 1998. This detector is made of two electrodes which are placed cylindrically around the CE capillary and connected to the AC oscillator. The distance between the electrodes is the detection gap. In this review, applications of CE and MCE with C4D in pharmaceutical and biological analysis are presented.
Caffeine and paraxanthine HPLC assay for CYP1A2 phenotype assessment using saliva and plasma
Authors: Perera Vidya , Gross Annette S. , McLachlan Andrew J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCaffeine has been extensively used as a probe to measure CYP1A2 activity in humans with caffeine clearance or the paraxanthine (major metabolite of caffeine) to caffeine concentration ratio being regarded as the preferred metric. A simple reverse‐phased C18HPLC assay using ethyl acetate liquid–liquid extraction was developed to quantitate caffeine and paraxanthine concentrations in saliva and plasma. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile–acetic acid–H2O (100:1:899) and analytes were quantitated with UV detection at 280 nm. The extraction recovery for paraxanthine and caffeine was approximately 70% in both saliva and plasma. The assay was linear over the concentration ranges 0.05–2.50 and 0.05–5.00 µg/mL, for paraxanthine and caffeine, respectively, in saliva. In plasma the assay was linear over the ranges 0.025–2.50 and 0.025–5.00 µg/mL for paraxanthine and caffeine, respectively. Intra‐ and inter‐assay precision and accuracy were less than 15%. Detection limits were 0.015 µg/mL for paraxanthine and caffeine in saliva, while it was 0.005 µg/mL for paraxanthine and caffeine in plasma. Utility was established in samples collected from two healthy volunteers who abstained from caffeine for 24 h and received a single 100 mg oral dose of caffeine. The assay developed is a robust, simple and precise technique to measure caffeine and paraxanthine in saliva and plasma of healthy volunteers after a single oral dose of caffeine. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scientific computing with Java
Authors: Knoll P. , Mirzaei S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this work we aimed to use examples from various fields (physics, medicine and structural biology) and several mathematical libraries for Java (COLT and JLAPACK) to demonstrate the advantages of scientific computing using Java. We also compared the runtimes of different Java compilers (Sun, IBM and Blackdown) and found that IBM's Java compiler results in the smallest CPU time. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 495–501, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com; DOI 10.1002/cae.20217
Design of an interactive pipeline inspection VR system
Authors: Karkoub M. , Her M.‐G. , Chen J.‐M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPipeline inspection is a costly and necessary task for oil producing companies. Moreover, it requires very specialized equipment and specific knowhow to analyze the results of the inspection. In this article, we present a novel interactive pipeline inspection system that could be used to educate students and engineers about the process. A motion simulator is built and used in conjunction with a virtual reality (VR) environment that will allow the operator feel as if s/he is inside the pipe and recognize the various types of defects that might be encountered. A haptic interface device is used in the setup which will alert the operator about the presence of a defect. The control scheme for the simulator uses the change in velocity and acceleration that the operator imposes on the joystick, the environmental changes imposed on the motion simulator, and the haptic feedback to the operator to maneuver the simulator in the real environment. The stability of the closed‐loop system is analyzed based on the Nyquist stability criteria. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 814–825, 2011
Using computer software packages to enhance the teaching in Engineering Management Science—part 2: Programming techniques
Authors: Ku H. , Fulcher R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article is the second article in a series of sharing the experience of using different software packages in the delivery of Engineering Management Science coded as ENG4004, in the Bachelor of Engineering and Bachelor of Engineering Technology programs offered by the University of Southern Queensland. The article describes how the authors use different software packages to solve the programming techniques problems of the course. Sometimes more than one package is required for the effective delivery of a topic of the course. The needs for the usage were also explained. The assessments of the course were also studied and reviewed. How the software packages met the objectives of the module were also discussed together with the desired learning outcomes of students. The comparative measure of the two packages used, Excel in MS Office 2007 and Quantitative Methods‐Production and Operations Management(POM‐QM) for Windows 3 ended with the former as winner. It can be argued that the students' learning experience and satisfaction will be greatly increased with the software packages while the cost to the university will be minimal. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 114–123, 2012
A computer‐aided educational tool for induction motors
Authors: Gencer Cetin , Gedikpinar Mehmet 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe computer‐aided educational tools have gained popularity in the last years with successful implementation in many areas, including in engineering education. These tools are aimed to help the students for visualization of the concepts and to provide the graphical feedback during the learning process. This paper presents a computer‐aided educational tool for induction motors, which is a part of laboratories in the electrical machinery courses. This tool helps to students and educators in subject to teaching/of the equivalent circuit, and the vector/phasor diagrams in induction motors. The tool software was prepared in DELPHI environment. It has flexible structure which is enable to users to change motor label values, and to solve equivalent circuit parameters and winding account. The proposed educational tool was utilized in laboratories of electric machinery courses and well received by students. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 503–509, 2012
Development of an experimental system for teaching induction motors with fault detection and diagnosis capabilities
Authors: Pires V. Fernão , Martins J. F. , Amaral Tito G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe study of fault detection and diagnosis of electrical machines, in particular induction motors, as well as the teaching of their behavior requires practical experience in this field. To provide this experience to the students this paper presents an experimental system that can be used with a standard industrial electrical induction machine. This system is based on only one healthy induction machine that is operated under faulty operating modes. Several fault types such as stator winding faults, bearing faults, or broken bars can be tested. The developed system also allows testing the behavior of the electrical machine for different load types. Several typical loads in which the torque depends of time or speed were implemented. The system is based on computer equipment with a DSPIC, a testing system and an induction machine. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 611–618, 2012
Simulation tool for teaching and learning 3D kinematics workspaces of serial robotic arms with up to 5‐DOF
Authors: Mateo Sanguino T.J. , Andújar Márquez J.M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis work develops a new educational simulation tool whose objective is to make attractive and practical teaching and learning in kinematics of serial robotic arms. At engineering laboratories in which practices with robotic arms are necessary for understanding fundamental concepts of theory, students need to accomplish a complete study attending to different aspects related with kinematics. Its graphic user interface (GUI) is a straight‐forward and easy‐to‐follow Denavit–Hartenberg (DH)‐based method which helps at engineering practices without requiring a programming knowledge. We develop, in a theoretical way, both forward (FK) and inverse kinematics (IK), which are necessary to demonstrate the study of an educational robotic arm as a practical case. The interactive simulation tool allows defining DH parameters and geometry in serial arms with up to 5 degrees of freedom (DOF). Thus, the interest of this work lies in an innovative graphic environment which teaching professionals can use to study DH convention, observe the movement of serial robotic manipulators and map both forward and joint workspaces in a visual manner. This process is much simpler that interpreting the results in an analytic way. Furthermore, the generic capabilities of this simulation tool allow comparing different robot arm configurations (considering its physical parameters and mechanical characteristics previously known), both if robotic arms are physically available or not in lab. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 750–761, 2012