bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermophoretic Coating with Molybdenum Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Boskovic L. , Agranovski I. E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThermophoretic and electrophoretic coatings are the main viable mechanisms for the coating of objects with nanoparticles. Unlike electrophoretic coating, thermophoretic coating has the advantage that electrically conductive substrates are not a requirement. This paper investigates the thermophoretic deposition and uniformity of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles, generated by a glowing wire generator, on various surfaces at three different flow rates (0.3, 1 and 1.5 L min–1). The quantitative evidence of the presence of particles collected by a suggested thermophoretic precipitator at different flow rates has shown that a uniform distribution of the particles could be achieved across the whole area of the precipitator. SEM and TEM micrographs of the film confirmed that a homogeneous densely packed network of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles was built across the precipitation area at the flow rate of 1.5 L min–1.
Rotational Particle Separator as a Compact Gas Scrubber
Authors: Buruma R. , Brouwers B. , van Kemenade E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe rotational particle separator (RPS) is a compact device capable of separating micron‐sized droplets from gases by centrifugation. Combined with expansion cooling in a turbine at semi‐cryogenic temperatures, it provides the opportunity to remove contaminants like CO2 and H2S from natural gas. Potential advantages of this technique are minimum energy consumption and compactness. To demonstrate its potential, an industrial scale RPS prototype is designed and constructed. Experiments are performed to check its overall performance. Both the hydrodynamic performance and the separation efficiency are satisfactory and correspond to theoretical predictions.
Influences of Environmental and Operational Factors on Dark Fermentative Hydrogen Production: A Review
Authors: Mohammadi Parviz , Ibrahim Shaliza , Annuar Mohamad Suffian Mohamad , Ghafari Shahin , Vikineswary Sabaratnam , Zinatizadeh Ali Akbar 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHydrogen (H2) is one of renewable energy sources known for its non‐polluting and environmentally friendly nature, as its end combustion product is water (H2O). The biological production of H2 is a less energy intensive alternative where processes can be operated at ambient temperature and pressure. Dark fermentation by bacterial biomass is one of multitude of approaches to produce hydrogen which is known as the cleanest renewable energy and is thus receiving increasing attention worldwide. The present study briefly reviews the biohydrogen production process with special attention on the effects of several environmental and operational factors towards the process. Factors such as organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time, temperature, and pH studied in published reports were compared and their influences are discussed in this work. This review highlights the variations in examined operating ranges for the factors as well as their reported optimum values. Divergent values observed for the environmental/operational factors merit further exploration in this field.
Determination of Selected Endocrine Disrupter Compounds at Trace Levels in Sewage Sludge Samples
Authors: Sönmez Münire Selcen , Muz Melis , Komesli Okan Tarık , Bakırdere Sezgin , Gökçay Celal Ferdi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSimultaneous determination of endocrine disrupter compounds (EDCs), namely diltiazem, progesterone, benzylbutylphthalate (BBP), estrone, and carbamazepine (Cbz) were performed by using high performance LC–electrospray tandem MS. The ultrasound‐aided sequential extraction of sludge samples was optimized to increase extraction efficiencies of the analytes; ranging between 93.0–98.3% recovery. The limit of detection values for diltiazem, progesterone, BBP, estrone, and Cbz were found as 0.78, 0.72, 0.24, 0.75, and 0.72 µg/kg, respectively. Sludge samples taken from Ankara Tatlar; Hurma, Lara and Kemer of Antalya, and Middle East Technical University‐vacuum rotating membrane wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) aeration tanks were analyzed for their EDCs contents under optimized conditions. Diltiazem was found in all the samples in the range between 116.4–180.8 ng/g while progesterone and estrone were not detected in any of the samples analyzed with the exception of Tatlar WWTP. The BBP concentration was between beyond detection and 9195.5 ng/g. In addition, Cbz was found in all the samples ranging from 25.6 to 118.8 ng/g.
Soil Net Nitrogen Mineralization in Salt Marshes with Different Flooding Periods in the Yellow River Delta, China
Authors: Gao Haifeng , Bai Junhong , Xiao Rong , Yan Denghua , Huang Laibin , Huang Chen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSeasonal variation of inorganic nitrogen and net nitrogen mineralization of soils were investigated by using in situ incubation method in three wetlands with different flooding periods (i.e., short‐term, seasonal, and tidal flooding) in the Yellow River Delta, China. Results showed that N mineralization in short‐term and seasonal flooding wetlands could be classified into one group. Inorganic nitrogen showed higher concentrations during the period from spring to early summer, and then it decreased after June for short‐term and seasonal flooding wetlands. Net N mineralization rate appeared negative value but sequently increased and reached the positive maximum value during the period from late autumn to early winter. However, in tidal flooding wetland, both inorganic N and N mineralization rate kept relative constant. The effects of inundation due to water and sediment regulation were different on three wetlands. Inorganic N contents in soil decreased in short‐term and seasonal flooding wetlands whereas increased in tidal flooding wetland. The changing tendency of net N mineralization rate was opposite to that of ammonium rate.
Alternate characterization technique for static random‐access memory static noise margin determination
Authors: Merino Jose Luis , Bota Sebastia Antoni , Picos Rodrigo , Segura Jaume 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe cell static noise margin (SNM) is widely used as a stability criterion for static random‐access memory cells design. This parameter is typically determined through electrical simulations since direct experimental characterization of SNM is not achievable.In this work, we present a methodology that provides an indirect measurement of the SNM on a per‐cell basis for six‐transistor SRAMs. It is based on combining an Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) with circuit‐level cell experimentally measurable parameters as input variables to the tool. We show that it is possible to obtain the SNM for individual memory cells using the same experimental setup and data than that required for shmoo plot measurements. Results confirm that the SNM can be experimentally estimated with a relative error compared with electrical simulations that is below 0.5%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation and differentiation properties of neural crest stem cells
Authors: Dupin Elisabeth , Coelho‐Aguiar Juliana M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA wide array of neural and non‐neural cell types arises from the neural crest during vertebrate embryogenesis. The neural crest forms transiently in the dorsal neural primordium to yield migratory cells that will invade nearly all tissues and later, differentiate into bones and cartilages, vascular smooth muscle cells, connective tissues, neurons and glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, endocrine cells, and melanocytes. Due to the amazingly diversified array of cell types they generate, the neural crest cells represent an attractive model in the stem cell field. We review here in vivo and in vitro studies of individual cells, which led to the discovery and characterization of neural crest progenitors endowed with multipotency and stem cell properties. We also present an overview of the diverse types, marker expression, and locations of the neural crest‐derived stem cells identified in the vertebrate body, with emphasis on those evidenced recently in mammalian adult tissues. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Image cytometry‐based detection of aneuploidy by fluorescence in situ hybridization in suspension
Authors: Minderman Hans , Humphrey Kristen , Arcadi Jane K. , Wierzbicki Andrzej , Maguire Orla , Wang Eunice S. , Block AnneMarie W. , Sait Sheila N. J. , George Thaddeus C. , Wallace Paul K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCytogenetic abnormalities are important diagnostic and prognostic criteria for hematologic malignancies. Karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are the conventional methods by which these abnormalities are detected. The sensitivity of these microscopy‐based methods is limited by the abundance of the abnormal cells in the samples and therefore these analyses are commonly not applicable to minimal residual disease (MRD) stages. A flow cytometry‐based imaging approach was developed to detect chromosomal abnormalities following FISH in suspension (FISH‐IS), which enables the automated analysis of several log‐magnitude higher number of cells compared with the microscopy‐based approaches. This study demonstrates the applicability of FISH‐IS for detecting numerical chromosome aberrations, establishes accuracy, and sensitivity of detection compared with conventional FISH, and feasibility to study procured clinical samples of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Male and female healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells hybridized with combinations of chromosome enumeration probes (CEP) 8, X, and Y served as models for disomy, monosomy, and trisomy. The sensitivity of detection of monosomies and trisomies amongst 20,000 analyzed cells was determined to be 1% with a high level of precision. A high correlation (R2 = 0.99) with conventional FISH analysis was found based on the parallel analysis of diagnostic samples procured from 10 AML patients with trisomy 8 (+8). Additionally, FISH‐IS analysis of samples procured at the time of clinical remission demonstrated the presence of residual +8 cells indicating that this approach may be used to detect MRD and associated chromosomal defects. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Polyploidy and chromatin remodeling in hepatocytes from insulin‐dependent diabetic and normoglycemic aged mice
Authors: Ghiraldini Flávia G. , Silva Isabela S. , Mello Maria Luiza S. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractChanges in polyploidization, chromatin supraorganization, and chromatin accessibility were investigated in hepatocytes collected from adult, nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice with increasing hyperglycemia and compared with adult normoglycemic controls and 56‐week‐old normoglycemic BALB/c mice. Our goal was to determine the changes in ploidy degrees and chromatin characteristics in mouse hepatocytes that are associated with insulin‐dependent diabetes and to detect similarities in these aspects with those verified with aging, with greater accuracy than previous studies. Image analysis of Feulgen‐stained nuclei revealed changes in ploidy degrees and chromatin supraorganization. Chromatin accessibility was assessed with micrococcal nuclease (MNase) digestion. Increased polyploidy was associated with increasing levels of glycemia, and this trend toward polyploidy was found even under normoglycemic conditions in NOD mice. Although high degrees of ploidy were also detected in aged BALB/c mice, the magnitude of polyploidy was not the same magnitude as that in the diabetic mice. While there was increased homogeneity of chromatin packaging with increasing polyploidy under conditions of severe hyperglycemia (and even under conditions of normoglycemia) in NOD mice, an inverse relationship was observed in aged BALB/c mice. Chromatin accessibility to MNase increased under severe hyperglycemia and advanced age, but it was much higher in the diabetic mice. In conclusion, although similarities in polyploidy were observed between the hepatocytes from increasingly hyperglycemic adult mice and those from normoglycemic aged mice, the relationship between chromatin remodeling and increases in ploidy degrees was not the same between the hepatocytes of these two groups. These findings demonstrate that strict similarities between diabetes and aging are not always true at the cellular level. This discordance is likely due to differences in the metabolic state of mouse hepatocytes during aging and diabetic conditions consequent to specificities in their gene regulatory programs. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Expression and retinoic acid regulation of the zebrafish nr2f orphan nuclear receptor genes
Authors: Love Crystal E. , Prince Victoria E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground: The vertebrate nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group f (nr2f) genes encode orphan receptors that have the capacity to act as negative regulators of retinoic acid (RA) signaling. Results: We describe embryonic and larval expression of four of the six zebrafish nr2f genes, nr2f1a, nr2f1b, nr2f2, and nr2f5. These genes show highly regulated patterns of expression within the central nervous system, including in the developing hindbrain, as well as in the mesoderm and endoderm. We also investigated the role of RA and fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling in regulating early nr2f gene expression. RA is not required for nr2f expression in the hindbrain; however, exogenous RA can repress this expression. Conversely, we find that RA positively regulates nr2f1a expression in trunk endoderm and mesoderm. Fgf signaling is not required for nr2f expression onset in the hindbrain; however, it may play a role in maintaining rhombomere‐specific expression. Conclusions: We report detailed expression analysis of four nr2f genes in all three germ layers. The onset of nr2f expression in the hindbrain does not require RA or Fgf signals. Our finding that RA positively regulates nr2f1a expression in the trunk supports the possibility that Nr2fs function in a negative feedback loop to modulate RA signaling in this region. Developmental Dynamics 241:1603–1615, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatiotemporal regulation of keratin 5 and 17 in the axolotl limb
Authors: Moriyasu Miyuki , Makanae Aki , Satoh Akira 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground: Amphibians have greater regeneration capability than higher vertebrates. They can regenerate their limbs after an amputation. As a limb is regenerated, a regeneration‐specific epithelium called the apical epithelial cap (AEC) is induced. The AEC is an essential structure for limb regeneration. Despite the importance of the AEC, molecular marker genes have not been well studied at the molecular level. Results: In the present study, keratin5 (KRT5) and KRT17 were investigated in an axolotl‐regenerating limb. KRT5 and KRT17 were expressed in a regenerating limb but down‐regulated in a differentiating limb. KRT5 showed characteristic regulation in a regenerating blastema. KRT5 was suppressed in the basal layer of the AEC. This KRT5 suppression was correlated to the blastema differentiation and nerve presence. Simple skin wounding could also upregulate both KRT5 and KRT17 gene expression. But these genes were suppressed within a shorter time than in limb regeneration. Conclusions: The KRT5 and KRT17 gene profile can be a useful marker gene to investigate AEC in limb regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 241:1616–1624, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization and functional study of a cluster of four highly conserved orphan adhesion‐GPCR in mouse
Authors: Prömel Simone , Waller‐Evans Helen , Dixon John , Zahn Dirk , Colledge William H. , Doran Joanne , Carlton Mark B.L. , Grosse Johannes , Schöneberg Torsten , Russ Andreas P. , Langenhan Tobias 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground: Adhesion G protein‐coupled receptors (aGPCR) constitute a structurally and functionally diverse class of seven‐transmembrane receptor proteins. Although for some of the members important roles in immunology, neurology, as well as developmental biology have been suggested, most receptors have been poorly characterized. Results: We have studied evolution, expression, and function of an entire receptor group containing four uncharacterized aGPCR: Gpr110, Gpr111, Gpr115, and Gpr116. We show that the genomic loci of these four receptors are clustered tightly together in mouse and human genomes and that this cluster likely derives from a single common ancestor gene. Using transcriptional profiling on wild‐type and knockout/LacZ reporter knockin mice strains, we have obtained detailed expression maps that show ubiquitous expression of Gpr116, co‐expression of Gpr111 and Gpr115 in developing skin, and expression of Gpr110 in adult kidney. Loss of Gpr110, Gpr111, or Gpr115 function did not result in detectable defects, indicating that genes of this aGPCR group might function redundantly. Conclusions: The aGPCR cluster Gpr110, Gpr111, Gpr115, and Gpr116 developed from one common ancestor in vertebrates. Expression suggests a role in epithelia, and one can speculate about a possible redundant function of GPR111 and GPR115. Developmental Dynamics 241:1591–1602, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of peer context on the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating pathology in women and men
Authors: Forney K. Jean , Holland Lauren A. , Keel Pamela K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective:This study examined the influence of peer context on the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating pathology in women and men.Method:Secondary analyses were conducted using survey data from a large community sample of women and men (N = 2,060).Results:The frequency of friend comments on weight and diet moderated the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating pathology such that more frequent comments strengthened the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating pathology in women. This effect was not significant in analyses of men. Instead, friend comments were directly related to eating pathology in men.Discussion:Both women and men may benefit from peer‐led interventions, with the greatest potential benefits for women with high body dissatisfaction, consistent with results from selective peer‐led prevention programs in sororities. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Altered insula activation during pain anticipation in individuals recovered from anorexia nervosa: Evidence of interoceptive dysregulation
Authors: Strigo Irina A. , Matthews Scott C. , Simmons Alan N. , Oberndorfer Tyson , Klabunde Megan , Reinhardt Lindsay E. , Kaye Walter H. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective:Recent evidence raises the possibility that symptoms of anorexia nervosa (AN) could be related to impaired interoception. Pain is an interoceptive process with well‐characterized neuroanatomical pathways that may overlap to a large degree with neural systems that may be dysregulated in individuals with AN, such as the insula.Method:Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess neural substrates of pain anticipation and processing in 10 healthy control women (CW) and 12 individuals recovered from AN (REC AN) in order to avoid the confounding effects of malnutrition. Painful heat stimuli were applied while different colors signaled the intensity of the upcoming stimuli.Results:REC AN compared with CW showed greater activation within right anterior insula (rAI), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and cingulate during pain anticipation, and greater activation within dlPFC and decreased activation within posterior insula during painful stimulation. Greater anticipatory rAI activation correlated positively with alexithymic feelings in REC AN participants.Discussion:REC AN showed a mismatch between anticipation and objective responses, suggesting altered integration and, possibly, disconnection between reported and actual interoceptive state. Alexithymia assessment provided additional evidence of an altered ability to accurately perceive bodily signals in women recovered from AN. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
Therapeutic alliance in two treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Forsberg Sarah , LoTempio Elizabeth , Bryson Susan , Fitzpatrick Kathleen Kara , Le Grange Daniel , Lock James 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between therapeutic alliance and treatment outcome (remission status) in family‐based treatment (FBT) and adolescent‐focused therapy (AFT) for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN).Method:Independent observers rated audiotapes of early therapy sessions using the Working Alliance Inventory‐Observer Version (WAI‐o). Outcome was defined using established cut‐points for full and partial remission. To control for effects of early symptom improvement, changes in weight‐ and eating‐related psychopathology prior to the alliance session were calculated and entered as a covariate in each analysis.Results:Participants in AFT had significantly higher alliance scores; however, overall scores were high in both therapies. The alliance was not a predictor of full remission for either treatment, though it was a non‐specific predictor for partial remission.Discussion:Therapeutic alliance is achievable in adolescents with AN in both AFT and FBT, but demonstrated no relationship to full remission of the disorder. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
Specialization in habitat use by coral reef damselfishes and their susceptibility to habitat loss
Authors: Pratchett Morgan S. , Coker Darren J. , Jones Geoffrey P. , Munday Philip L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWhile it is generally assumed that specialist species are more vulnerable to disturbance compared with generalist counterparts, this has rarely been tested in coastal marine ecosystems, which are increasingly subject to a wide range of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Habitat specialists are expected to be more vulnerable to habitat loss because habitat availability exerts a greater limitation on population size, but it is also possible that specialist species may escape effects of disturbance if they use habitats that are generally resilient to disturbance. This study quantified specificity in use of different coral species by six coral‐dwelling damselfishes (Chromis viridis, C. atripectoralis, Dascyllus aruanus, D. reticulatus, Pomacentrus moluccensis, and P. amboinensis) and related habitat specialization to proportional declines in their abundance following habitat degradation caused by outbreaks of the coral eating starfish, Acanthaster planci. The coral species preferred by most coral‐dwelling damselfishes (e.g., Pocillopora damicornis) were frequently consumed by coral eating crown‐of‐thorns starfish, such that highly specialized damselfishes were disproportionately affected by coral depletion, despite using a narrower range of different coral species. Vulnerability of damselfishes to this disturbance was strongly correlated with both their reliance on corals and their degree of habitat specialization. Ongoing disturbances to coral reef ecosystems are expected, therefore, to lead to fundamental shifts in the community structure of fish communities where generalists are favored over highly specialist species.