bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous whole-head electrophysiological recordings using EEG and OPM-MEG
Authors: Seedat Zelekha A. , Pier Kelly St. , Holmes Niall , Rea Molly , Al-Hilaly Layla , Tierney Tim M. , Embury Christine M. , Pardington Rosemarie , Mullinger Karen J. , Cross J. Helen , Boto Elena , Brookes Matthew J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) non-invasively measure human brain electrophysiology. They differ in nature; MEG offers better performance while EEG (a wearable platform) is more practical. They are also complementary, with studies showing that concurrent MEG/EEG provides advantages over either modality alone, and consequently clinical guidelines for MEG in epilepsy recommend simultaneous acquisition of MEG and EEG. In recent years, new instrumentation—the optically pumped magnetometer (OPM)—has had a significant impact on MEG, offering improved performance, lifespan compliance, and wearable MEG systems. Nevertheless, the ability to carry out simultaneous EEG/OPM-MEG remains critical. Here, we investigated whether simultaneous, wearable, whole-head EEG and OPM-MEG measurably degrades signal quality in either modality. We employed two tasks: a motor task known to modulate beta oscillations, and an eyes-open/closed task known to modulate alpha oscillations. In both, we characterised the performance of EEG alone, OPM-MEG alone, and concurrent EEG/OPM-MEG. Results show that the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the beta response was similar, regardless of whether modalities were used individually or concurrently. Likewise, our alpha band recordings demonstrated that signal contrast was stable, regardless of the concurrent recording. We also demonstrate significant advantages of OPM-MEG; specifically, the OPM-MEG signal is less correlated across channels and less susceptible to interference from non-brain sources. Our results suggest that there are no barriers to simultaneous wearable EEG/OPM-MEG, and consequently this technique is ripe for neuroscientific and clinical adoption. This will be important in the clinic where simultaneous EEG and OPM-MEG recordings will facilitate better interpretation of OPM-MEG data in patients.
Cotylenchus cleo gen. n., sp. n., a new plant-parasitic nematode (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) parasitising on leaves of western sword fern plants from rainforests in Washington State, USA
Authors: Álvarez-Ortega Sergio , Subbotin Sergei A. 
Published: May 2024

Summary
A new genus and species of anguinid nematode, Cotylenchus cleo gen. n., sp. n., was recovered from leaves of the western sword fern, Polystichum munitum, growing in rainforests in several locations of Olympic National Park, Washington State, USA. This new anguinid nematode induced distinct necrotic and chlorotic symptoms on fern leaves characterised by yellowing, light to brown areas between veins. The new species is characterised by a long and slender body, six incisures in the lateral field, robust stylet (12.0-13.5 μm) with large and rounded knobs, pyriform to elongate and abutting basal pharyngeal bulb, and long conical tail with pointed terminus; females having posteriorly located vulva (V = 74-80%) and well-developed post-vulval uterine sac (26-59 μm) and males having spicules 20-23 μm long. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial 18S rRNA and the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA genes showed that this anguinid nematode formed a separate evolutionary lineage different from all other Anguinidae taxa. The new species was also characterised by sequencing the ITS rRNA and COI genes.
Feasibility and Normative Penetration
Authors: Lindauer Matthew , Southwood Nicholas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An important theme in recent experimental philosophy is that certain judgments (e.g., our judgments involving intentional action and causation) exhibit a kind of normative penetration whereby, in spite of a not-obviously-normative subject matter, they turn out to be sensitive to, and co-vary with, our normative attitudes in interesting and surprising ways. We present the results of several new experimental studies that suggest that our judgments about feasibility also appear to exhibit this kind of normative penetration in at least some cases; that the best explanation of it involves attributing to subjects a certain kind of extensional error that results from conflating the question at hand with another question that is more salient given their normative attitudes; and that these conclusions have significant, though not straightforward, implications for our understanding of both normative penetration and feasibility, respectively.
Assessing the Convective Environment over Irrigated and Nonirrigated Land Use with Land–Atmosphere Coupling Metrics: Results from GRAINEX
Authors: Whitesel Daniel , Mahmood Rezaul , Phillips Christopher , Roundy Joshua , Rappin Eric , Flanagan Paul , Santanello Joseph A. , Nair Udaysankar , Pielke Roger 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Land-use land-cover change affects weather and climate. This paper quantifies land–atmosphere interactions over irrigated and nonirrigated land uses during the Great Plains Irrigation Experiment (GRAINEX). Three coupling metrics were used to quantify land–atmosphere interactions as they relate to convection. They include the convective triggering potential (CTP), the low-level humidity index (HIlow), and the lifting condensation level (LCL) deficit. These metrics were calculated from the rawinsonde data obtained from the Integrated Sounding Systems (ISSs) for Rogers Farm and York Airport along with soundings launched from the three Doppler on Wheels (DOW) sites. Each metric was categorized by intensive observation period (IOP), cloud cover, and time of day. Results show that with higher CTP, lower HIlow, and lower LCL deficit, conditions were more favorable for convective development over irrigated land use. When metrics were grouped and analyzed by IOP, compared to nonirrigated land use, HIlow was found to be lower for irrigated land use, suggesting favorable conditions for convective development. Furthermore, when metrics were grouped and analyzed by clear and nonclear days, CTP values were higher over irrigated cropland than nonirrigated land use. In addition, compared to nonirrigated land use, the LCL deficit during the peak growing season was lower over irrigated land use, suggesting a favorable condition for convection. It is found that with the transition from the early summer to the mid/peak summer and increased irrigation, the environment became more favorable for convective development over irrigated land use. Finally, it was found that regardless of background atmospheric conditions, irrigated land use provided a favorable environment for convective development.
Relationship between Organizational and Structural Characteristics and Local Authorities Fiscal Health
Authors: Carmeli Abraham 
Published: May 2024

This study explores the fiscal health of local authorities, it: Israel as a function of three factors.: demographic characteristics; residents' socioeconomic status: and perceived organizational reputation. The results showed that each factor was independent to its prediction of the fiscal health of the local authorities examined. When the three factors entered together in the equation, they explained 51.2% of the variance in the fiscal health of the local authorities. Arab-Druze authorities were found to have inferior fiscal health in relation to Jewish local authorities. A high correlation between residents' socioeconomic status and fiscal health was also found. Finally, it was demonstrated that perceived favorable organizational reputation and fiscal health are highly associated. The results may lead us to a better understanding of why so many Israeli local authorities have been in an inferior financial position compared to others. The findings call for further investigation of the differences between Arab-Druze and Jewish local authorities. The study urges local authority heads to invest their efforts in creating a solid and favorable organizational reputation.
Incomes to Outcomes: A Global Assessment of Disparities in Cleft and Craniofacial Treatment
Authors: Wagner Connor S. , Hitchner Michaela K. , Plana Natalie M. , Morales Carrie Z. , Salinero Lauren K. , Barrero Carlos E. , Pontell Matthew E. , Bartlett Scott P. , Taylor Jesse A. , Swanson Jordan W. 
Published: May 2024

Objective Recent investigations focused on health equity have enumerated widespread disparities in cleft and craniofacial care. This review introduces a structured framework to aggregate findings and direct future research. Design Systematic review was performed to identify studies assessing health disparities based on race/ethnicity, payor type, income, geography, and education in cleft and craniofacial surgery in high-income countries (HICs) and low/middle-income countries (LMICs). Case reports and systematic reviews were excluded. Meta-analysis was conducted using fixed-effect models for disparities described in three or more studies. Setting N/A Patients Patients with cleft lip/palate, craniosynostosis, craniofacial syndromes, and craniofacial trauma. Interventions N/A Results One hundred forty-seven articles were included (80% cleft, 20% craniofacial; 48% HIC-based). Studies in HICs predominantly described disparities (77%,) and in LMICs focused on reducing disparities (42%). Level II-IV evidence replicated delays in cleft repair, alveolar bone grafting, and cranial vault remodeling for non-White and publicly insured patients in HICs (Grades A-B). Grade B-D evidence from LMICs suggested efficacy of community-based speech therapy and remote patient navigation programs. Meta-analysis demonstrated that Black patients underwent craniosynostosis surgery 2.8 months later than White patients ( P < .001) and were less likely to undergo minimally-invasive surgery (OR 0.36, P = .002). Conclusions Delays in cleft and craniofacial surgical treatment are consistently identified with high-level evidence among non-White and publicly-insured families in HICs. Multiple tactics to facilitate patient access and adapt multi-disciplinary case in austere settings are reported from LMICs. Future efforts including those sharing tactics among HICs and LMICs hold promise to help mitigate barriers to care.
The Evolution of the Management System of Hospitals in Greece
Authors: Alexiadis Aristidis-Dimitrios 
Published: May 2024

The administration system of the health units -hospitals of the country presented different alteration during its course from the formation of the Greek state until now days. To be more specific, we can observe that: a) During the first period, the management of the few hospitals in the country is practiced by a complicated and multiform systems. Moreover, some hospitals were managed by a fraternity, other by a committee, other by an administrative committee and finally other by a board of directors. In any case, members of these collective sectors are members of the state such as mayors, chief of the community, simply private citizens, or well off citizens who participated in the formation and function of some hospitals as benefactors. But, supreme place to these of organisation and management of the hospitals has the private initiative because of the financial adversity of the state. The turn of the health sector to the well off citizens is obvious, as they dispose great deal of money for health. During this period, the state just supervises the few hospitals, public benevolent and state hospitals. b) The second period from the reform of the compulsory Law 965/1937 until the year 1983 is characterized by two substantial legislative Acts, which changed radically the border of the organisation and management of health units. Firstly, the compulsory Law 965/1937 establishes officially the boards of the directors as the institution initially covered public hospitals of the country and in the meantime the hospitals of the rest of the categories. It is also established for the first time along with that institution, the institution of the Governmental Trustee. The second legislative Act of that period is the Law Order 2592/1953, through which public health is put into a new basis according to the demands of that period. The Administrative system of public hospitals remains the same without particular changes to it. c) During the third period from the establishment of the National Health System - Law 1397/1983 until nowadays. This period is characterized by two great facts: 1. The foundation of National Health System [Law 1397/1983]. It is a historical event for health in Greece. The health system has for the first time totally public features and the civilian enjoys the social good of health without any cost. However, the administrative system of health preserves from the establishment of the state until nowadays its centralizing character. 2. The reformation of the N.H.S, Law 2889/2001. It leads to the radical change of the valid administrative system after 175 years of state function. The country is divided into health districts, where in each one the peripheral health system is created (P.H.S.). It is managed by an administrative board, in which substantial authorities are given for the first time in history of Greek health sector. Consequently, we have today a decentralizing management system in health, which is applied by the seventeen (17) peripheral health systems in Greece.
The Use of the Hiv Test: A Conflict Choice Approach
Authors: Broyles Robert W. , Mwachofi Ari , Khaliq Amir A. 
Published: May 2024

The study introduces the “Conflict-Choice model”(C-C) as an analytic framework for studying consumer demand for health and healthcare. the proposed approach integrates the Theory of Consumer Behavior (TCB), the Investment Theory of Demand (ITD), and the Health Belief Model (HBM) into a single model that might be applied to a wide spectrum of health behavior and use of health services. Separating the episode of care into the two phases (patient initiated and physician dominated), the C-C model is limited to the individual's decision to seek service. This phase is dominated by two conflicting and undesirable outcomes that the patient seeks to avoid. the first is discomfort or disutility that accompanies the use of care. the second is the discomfort of illness and a reduced ability to perform social and economic roles, an outcome that may result in a potential decline in income. in this conflict-choice situation, the interrelation between two undesirable conditions and related avoidance gradients result in a behavioral equilibrium. The study applied this framework to the use or non-use of HIV tests. the analysis used the responses of 196,081 individuals in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) of 2003. the analyses supported the expectations based on the newly developed conflict-choice theoretical framework and support the adoption of policies that reduce the tendency to avoid care while increasing the avoidance of undesirable health outcomes.
Costs of Depression from Claims Data for Medicare Recipients in A Population-Based Sample
Authors: Alexandre Pierre K. , Hwang Seungyoung , Roth Kimberly B. , Gallo Joseph J. , Eaton William W. 
Published: May 2024

Background Many persons with depressive disorder are not treated and associated costs are not recorded. Aims of the Study To determine whether major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with higher medical cost among Medicare recipients. Methods Four waves of the Baltimore-Epidemiologic Catchment Area (Baltimore ECA) Study conducted between 1981 and 2004 were linked to Medicare claims data for the years 1999 to 2004 from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Generalized linear models specified with a gamma distribution and log link function were used to examine direct medical care costs associated with MDD. Results Medicare recipients with no history of MDD in either the ECA or CMS data had mean six-year medical costs of US $40,670, compared to $87,445 for Medicare recipients with MDD as recorded in CMS data and $43,583 for those with MDD as recorded in Baltimore-ECA data. Multivariable regressions found that compared to Medicare recipients with no history of depression, those with depression identified in the CMS data had significantly higher medical costs; about 1.87 times (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32 to 2.67) higher. Medicare recipients with a history of depression identified in the ECA data were no more likely to have higher costs than were Medicare recipients with no history of depression (relative ratio 1.33, 95% CI 0.87 to 2.02). Discussion Medicare recipients with a history of depression identified in claims data had significantly higher medical costs than recipients with no history of depression. However, no significant differences were found between Medicare recipients with depression in the community-based Baltimore ECA data and those with no history of depression. The results show that the source of diagnosis, in treatment versus survey data, produces differences in results as regards costs. Limitations This study involved only Medicare recipients with claims data over the six years 1999 to 2004. Many of the ECA respondents were too young to qualify for Medicare. Implications for Health Policy Depressive disorder involves substantial medical care costs. The findings provide information on the economic burden of depression, an important but often omitted dimension and perspective of the burden of mental illnesses.
Quantitative Assessment of Some Preventive Health Services Provided for Adolescent Individuals in Dubai
Authors: Khansaheb Hamda , Hussein Ayman , Hamidi Samer , Brown David , Younis Mustafa Z. 
Published: May 2024

The United Arab Emirate (UAE) of Dubai, faces significant adolescent health problems. In 2009, evidence based clinical guidelines were developed for primary health care professionals in Dubai to help reduce adolescent health problems. This research study explores adolescents’ self-reports about health education services received between 2008 and 2010. The sample consisted of 730 public high school students in grades 10 through 12 between the ages of 15 and 19. 357 (48.9%) of the sample were males and 373 (51.1%) were female. The major language spoken in the home was Arabic (77.4%). All students completed a 27-item survey in Arabic that was adapted from the Young Adult Health Care Survey (YAHCS). The YAHCS is a 56-item research instrument traditionally administered in English and Spanish. The sample reported they had received little or no health education from their health care providers. 94.2% reported receiving no information about using a helmet for bicycle and motorbike safety; 88.2% reported receiving no information about drug use; and 81.9% reported that they received no information about smoking. The instrument also explored the health education material students received within the last 12 months. 65.5% of the sample reported seeing and/or hearing safety tips; 84.9% reported hearing and/or seeing health information about healthy diet, physical activity and exercise; and 79.2% reported seeing and/or hearing information about the risks of smoking and substance abuse.
How Reimbursement Impacts the Safety Net Emergency Department after the ACA. A Case Study
Authors: Downey La Vonne , Zun Leslie , Hong Amanda 
Published: May 2024

Background – Payment source affects the amount paid to the ED for services rendered. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) which was implemented in 2010 to help increase the quality and affordability of health insurance, lower the uninsured rate, and to reduce healthcare costs for patients and the government. Before the ACA, there had been an increase of financial strain in the Emergency Departments. This was due to three factors the passing of EMATA in 1986, the economic recession, and an increased number of uninsured and underinsured patients. If the Emergency Department (ED) has a more diverse payer mixture, they will receive a higher reimbursement ratio. The payer mix could change due to the requirement to obtain health insurance under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), This could have a positive impact on reimbursement rates for the ED. Objective – The objective of this case study was to determine if there has been a change in the rate and type of reimbursement seen in a safety-net ED during the first five years of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). These findings could indicate how the ACA has or has not impacted a safety net ED's Methods – This was a retrospective, randomly sampled chart review of 1200 ED patients who presented to an inner city, level one adult and pediatric trauma center from 2010–2015. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, and the study was IRB approved. Results – There was a relationship between types of insurance (payers) (p = .01), and the dependent variables of payments ( p = .01), and balance remaining after 90 days ( p = .00). Since the implementation of the ACA, there has been a shift in methods of payment, with private third-party payers increasing from 3% in 2010, to 28% in 2015. There was also a decrease in the percentage of self-pay from 30% in 2010 to less than 10% in 2015 and for Medicaid from 11% to 10%. Conclusion – The results of this study indicate that this safety net ED reimbursement rates are positively associated with changes in payers during the first five years of the implementation of ACA. Thus, overall the ED reimbursement rates have increased post ACA for this safety net hospital. The positive association of a change in reimbursement rates for this safety net EDs indicates it might be impacted by how the ACA is or is not implemented currently and in the future.
Albuterol–budesonide fixed-dose combination rescue inhaler for asthma: a plain language summary of the MANDALA study
Authors: Papi Alberto , Chipps Bradley E. , Beasley Richard , Panettieri Reynold A. , Israel Elliot , Cooper Mark , Dunsire Lynn , Jeynes-Ellis Allison , Rees Robert , Albers Frank C. , Cappelletti Christy 
Published: May 2024

What is this summary about? This summary describes the results of a clinical study called MANDALA that was published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2022. In the MANDALA study, researchers looked at a new asthma rescue inhaler that contains both albuterol and budesonide in a single inhaler (known as albuterol–budesonide, AIRSUPRA™). This summary describes the results for people aged 18 yearsand older who took part in the study.