bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urine high‐risk human papillomavirus testing as an alternative to routine cervical screening: A comparative diagnostic accuracy study of two urine collection devices using a randomised study design trial
Authors: Davies Jennifer C. , Sargent Alexandra , Pinggera Elisabeth , Carter Suzanne , Gilham Clare , Sasieni Peter , Crosbie Emma J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the sensitivity of human papillomavirus (HPV) tested urine to detect high‐grade cervical precancer (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ [CIN2+]) using two urine collection devices.DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingSt Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.PopulationColposcopy attendees with abnormal cervical screening; a total of 480 participants were randomised. Matched urine and cervical samples were available for 235 and 230 participants using a first‐void urine (FVU)‐collection device and standard pot, respectively.MethodsUrine was self‐collected and mixed with preservative – randomised 1:1 to FVU‐collection device (Novosanis Colli‐pee® 10 mL with urine conservation medium [UCM]) or standard pot. Matched clinician‐collected cervical samples were taken before colposcopy. HPV testing used Roche cobas® 8800. A questionnaire evaluated urine self‐sampling acceptability.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome measured sensitivity of HPV‐tested urine (FVU‐collection device and standard pot) for CIN2+ detection. Secondary outcomes compared HPV‐tested cervical and urine samples for CIN2+ and evaluated the acceptability of urine self‐sampling.ResultsUrine HPV test sensitivity for CIN2+ was higher with the FVU‐collection device (90.3%, 95% CI 83.7%–94.9%, 112/124) than the standard pot (73.4%, 95% CI 64.7%–80.9%, 91/124, p = 0.0005). The relative sensitivity of FVU‐device‐collected urine was 0.92 (95% CI 0.87–0.97, pMcN = 0.004) compared with cervical, considering that all women were referred after a positive cervical HPV test. Urine‐based sampling was acceptable to colposcopy attendees.ConclusionsTesting of FVU‐device‐collected urine for HPV was superior to standard‐pot‐collected urine in colposcopy attendees and has promising sensitivity for CIN2+ detection. General population HPV testing of FVU‐device‐collected urine will establish its clinical performance and acceptability as an alternative to routine cervical screening.
Antivenom surveillance: An audit of antivenom stock within South Australia
Authors: Stibbs David , Jennar Kate , Alfred Sam , White Julian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesAntivenoms are important emergency medications to be held within Australia, particularly in regional and remote locations. We audited current antivenom holdings in hospitals and health services across South Australia (SA) and compared to recommendations in the ‘Snakebite and Spiderbite Management Guidelines’ from the State's Toxinology service. The process also assessed the feasibility of ‘real‐time’ remote stock monitoring.MethodsFifty‐three sites listed in the guideline were recommended to hold antivenom, though only 49 are currently operational. Interrogation of antivenom stock for 29 sites was possible using electronic reports generated from the State Pharmacy database. The 20 remaining centres had their stock levels confirmed by calling the centres directly. Data obtained were then compared to recommended levels of antivenom holdings in the guideline with discrepancies and associated costs documented. A separate report verification process was used to determine ‘real‐time’ accuracy of the electronic reports.ResultsThirty‐seven sites (75%) held more than the recommended number of antivenom vials, totalling 129 vials in excess with an approximate total cost of $110 000. Twelve sites (24%) held inadequate stock to deliver a treatment dose for 19 envenoming events. The report verification revealed variances in the electronic reports.ConclusionsThis audit has demonstrated a significant disparity between recommended and actual antivenom holdings across most sites in SA and has also revealed that ‘real‐time’ remote monitoring of state antivenom holdings is not currently feasible. Correction of stock levels to that recommended may result in financial benefit for State Health while also addressing inequity in regional and remote healthcare provision.
Delayed post‐dialysis recovery times are associated with relative changes in intracellular and extracellular fluid ratios between different body compartments
Authors: Yoowannakul Suree , Vongsanim Surachet , Tangvoraphonkchai Kamonwan , Davenport Andrew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionHemodialysis patient groups have advocated reducing dialysis fatigue and symptoms. We investigated whether compartmental fluid shifts were associated with peri‐dialytic fatigue and symptoms.MethodsSessional dialysis records of patients reporting both a short and delayed recovery (<1 h and ≥1 h) with corresponding bioimpedance measurements were reviewed.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐four patients reported both short and delayed recovery times, mean age 66.0 ± 14.8 years, 66.1% male. Differences between sessions included higher distress thermometer [4 (1–6) vs. 3 (0–5)], fatigue [4 (0–9) vs. 2 (0–7)], total symptom scores [20.5 (12.3–34.5) vs. 16 (7–28)], change in extracellular water to total body water ratios between body compartments [right leg/left arm 2.36 (1.23–4.19) vs. 1.28 (0.12–2.01), all p < 0.01] with delayed recovery, and more hemodialysis than hemodiafiltration sessions (χ2 4.6, p = 0.02).ConclusionSessions with prolonged recovery times were associated with more peri‐dialytic symptoms, psychological distress, and hemodialysis mode, and greater changes in compartmental fluid shifts.
Study on the formation mechanism of blackening in damaged lotus rhizome epidermis: Effects of polyphenols and iron
Authors: Chen Xianqiang , Huang Shengkai , Yan Shoulei , Li Jie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLotus rhizome is an important aquatic vegetable, but the blackening of lotus rhizome epidermis (LRE) seriously affects its appearance and quality, which makes lotus rhizome products unmarketable. In this study, the effects of polyphenols and iron on the LRE color were studied to explore the possible mechanism of LRE blackening. Results indicated that the measurable total phenols contents in the mud treatment (MT) group were significantly reduced, and the total iron contents were significantly increased compared with the bruised treatment group (p < 0.05). The high‐performance liquid chromatography results showed that the main polyphenols in LRE were dopa, gallocatechin, and catechin, as well as a small amount of catechol, epicatechin, proanthocyanidin B2, and proanthocyanidin C1. Moreover, the results of color difference and ultraviolet adsorption spectroscopy showed that there were obviously black or brown‐gray of dopa (525 nm), gallocatechin (504.5 nm), and catechin (550 and 504.5 nm) with FeCl2. The simulated system treatment of LRE further confirmed that the chromaticity effect of dopa and iron in bruised LRE was similar to that of the MT group, whereas 1% (w/w) ascorbic acid, 2% (w/w) EDTA‐2Na, or 3% (w/w) citric acid could solely prohibit the blackening. This suggested that the dopa in LRE and FeCl2 in mud may mainly combine into [2(DOPA‐2H+)+Fe3+]− through non‐covalent interaction, which leads to the blackening of bruised LRE under neutral conditions. These results can guide the storage of lotus rhizomes and improve the development of the lotus rhizome industry.
“What matters to you” on the day of surgery: Protocol for a mixed methods study
Authors: Gamst‐Jensen H. , Villumsen B. R. , Nielsen A. H. , Egerod I. , Brix L. D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe anticipation of anesthesia and surgery is the source of fear and anxiety in millions of patients worldwide. Although patients' fear and anxiety are recognized, more knowledge is needed to address patient responses and needs. Understanding the needs of the patients are important, and asking patients directly is the first step towards addressing these needs. This again might help reducing medications such as anesthetics and postoperative pain relief. The aim of this study protocol is to describe how we will investigate what matters to patients on the day of surgery, as well as their degree‐of‐worry and surgical fear.MethodsUsing a convergent mixed methods design with equal weighting of the qualitative and quantitative data strand we take advantage of the international “What Matters To You” Day on June 6, 2024 to conduct a flash mob study. We will approach perioperative departments around Denmark to participate and eligible patients arriving to the perioperative department for surgery will be invited to participate. Consenting patients are asked to complete a survey in three parts regarding (1) what matters to you, (2) degree‐of‐worry, and (3) surgical fear. We will use qualitative analysis for the first part and descriptive statistics for second and third parts. The data strands will be analyzed separately followed by integrated analysis and joint displays.
Lack of mitochondrial introgression and limited genetic connectivity among Manyara tilapia (Oreochromis amphimelas) populations in Tanzanian Saline Rift Valley Lakes
Authors: Morandus Bonus M. , Rumisha Cyrus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Manyara tilapia (Oreochromis amphimelas), native to the Saline Rift Valley Lakes (SRVLs) in north‐central Tanzania, has recently experienced population declines mainly due to overfishing and severe droughts. This, combined with the introduction of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus), which poses a risk of hybridisation, could potentially erode essential genetic traits necessary for their survival. To address these concerns, our study analysed partial cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences (627 base pairs) from 139 Manyara tilapia and 79 Nile tilapia specimens collected from the SRVLs to test two hypotheses: (i) whether there is no transfer of mitochondrial DNA between these species, and (ii) whether Manyara tilapia populations in the SRVLs have remained genetically connected despite reported declines. The results revealed six distinct haplotypes for Manyara tilapia and three for Nile tilapia. These haplotypes formed separate clusters for each species, with no shared or closely related haplotypes, indicating limited or no transfer of mitochondrial DNA between them. Additionally, we found evidence of restricted genetic connectivity among Manyara tilapia populations in the SRVLs, with populations in Lakes Manyara and Eyasi displaying limited genetic exchange among themselves and with those in other SRVLs. Our findings highlight the importance of sustained conservation efforts in protected areas around Lake Manyara and Lake Eyasi to safeguard the unique populations of Manyara tilapia in these lakes. However, limited connectivity with other SRVLs suggests that conservation initiatives in these areas may have a limited impact on these lakes. Thus, future efforts should prioritise stocks in Lakes Kindai, Singida and Sulunga, focusing on protecting fish refugia, particularly the rivers connected to these lakes, which serve as critical habitats during the dry season and as important reservoirs for replenishing these populations.
Ambient pollen exposure and pollen allergy symptom severity in the EPOCHAL study
Authors: Luyten Axel , Bürgler Alexandra , Glick Sarah , Kwiatkowski Marek , Gehrig Regula , Beigi Minaya , Hartmann Karin , Eeftens Marloes 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAmbient pollen exposure causes nasal, ocular, and pulmonary symptoms in allergic individuals, but the shape of the exposure–response association is not well characterized. We evaluated this association and determined (1) whether symptom severity differs between subpopulations; (2) how the association changes over the course of the pollen season; and (3) which pollen exposure time lags affect symptoms.MethodsAdult study participants (n = 396) repeatedly scored severity of nasal, ocular, and pulmonary allergic symptoms, resulting in three composite symptom scores. We calculated hourly individually relevant pollen exposure to seven allergenic plants (alder, ash, birch, hazel, grasses, mugwort, and ragweed) considering personal sensitization and exposure time lags of up to 96 h. We fitted generalized additive mixed models, with a random personal intercept, adjusting for weather and air pollution as potential time‐varying confounders.ResultsWe identified a clear nonlinear positive association between pollen exposure and ocular and nasal symptom severity in the pollen allergy group: Symptom severity increased steeply with increasing exposure initially, but attenuated beyond approximately 80 pollen/m3. We found no evidence of an exposure threshold, below which no symptoms occur. While recent pollen exposure in the last approximately 5 h affected symptoms most, associations lingered for up to 60 h. Grass pollen exposure (compared to tree pollen) and younger age (18–30 years, as opposed to 30–65 years) were both associated with higher nasal and ocular symptom severity.ConclusionsThe lack of a threshold and attenuated dose–response curve may have implications for pollen warning systems, which may be revised to include multiday pollen concentrations in the future.
Temporal trends in paediatric hydrocephalus – Rising prematurity and persistent ophthalmological challenges
Authors: Wrede Alexandra U. C. , Mastrouk Farah , Björkander Nina R. , Andersson Susann , Andersson Grönlund Marita C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo study changes in aetiology, prematurity, comorbidity and ophthalmological outcomes in children with surgically treated hydrocephalus to provide information needed to maintain the best possible healthcare for a fragile and changing population.MethodsTwo population‐based cohorts, born two decades apart in Region Västra Götaland Sweden, surgically treated for hydrocephalus at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg were recruited at approximately 10 years of age. The participants were examined according to an ophthalmological protocol, including history taking regarding perceptual visual dysfunction (PVD). Gestational age, aetiology and comorbidities were registered.ResultsThe 1989–1993 group, comprised 52 children (48% girls; mean age 10, range 7.7–12.8 years), was compared with 24 children, born in 2007–2012 (29% girls; mean age 10, range 7.0–13.8 years). Extreme prematurity (gestational age ≤ 28 weeks) increased over time (p = 0.001). The vast majority of the children showed ophthalmological abnormalities, although motility defects and nystagmus decreased in the latter population. Subnormal visual acuity was associated with extreme prematurity (RR = 4.69; p = 0.030), and PVD with learning disability (RR = 2.44; p = 0.032).ConclusionPaediatric hydrocephalus populations may change with improved healthcare. Since a high percentage shows ophthalmological abnormalities and more children are born extremely preterm, the entirety needs consideration both neurologically and ophthalmologically.
Fluorescence‐guided surgery using cetuximab‐800CW in patients with penile carcinoma
Authors: Nijboer Thomas S. , van der Fels Christa A. M. , de Wit Jaron G. , Keizers Bas , Huizinga Henrik K. , Voskuil Floris J. , Voskamp Maarten J. H. , van den Heuvel Marius C. , Witjes Max J. H. , de Jong Igle Jan 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI), using cetuximab‐800CW, as an intraoperative tool to determine surgical margins in penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC).Patients and methodsA total of 11 patients with PSCC received 75 mg cetuximab followed by 15 mg cetuximab‐800CW 2 days before surgery. FMI of the whole excision specimen and tissue slices was performed. Fluorescence visualisation was correlated to histopathology. Based on tumour and healthy tissue regions of interest, mean fluorescence intensity was calculated for each individual patient.ResultsSignificant differences between tumour and healthy mean fluorescence intensity were found with tumour‐to‐background ratios of a median (IQR) of 1.51 (0.99) and a mean (SD) of 1.51 (0.32) in the excision specimen and tissue slices, respectively. One patient showed a high relative fluorescence intensity with a signal‐to‐background ratio of 1.79, corresponding to a tumour‐positive margin on fresh frozen sectioning.ConclusionIn this Phase I study we showed that cetuximab‐800CW seems suitable to discriminate PSCC from background tissue. The tracer was well tolerated, and no false positive spots were seen.
Variability of Social Inclusion Patterns Involving Personal, Family and Social Characteristics in Latino Migrant Families in Spain
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez Nauzet , Álvarez Lorenzo Míriam , Rodrigo López María José 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTMigration entails important changes for families. Despite existing evidence on the process of adaptation, little is known about the degree of social inclusion in a context of high cultural affinity. We examine the variability of social inclusion patterns, indexed by personal, family and social conditions, in 263 Latin American families, with at least one child under 12 years, migrating to Spain. Three profiles of social inclusion were identified using cluster analysis: High inclusion (32%), characterized by a good financial and job situation, low perception of economic difficulty, good social support and medium scores in attraction to neighbourhood and community belonging and high scores in neighbourly relationship. Partial inclusion (35%) was characterized by ratings of extreme economic difficulties and lack of job, high scores in perceived economic hardship, high scores in all types of social support (instrumental, emotional and affectionate support and positive social interaction) and high scores in attraction to neighbourhood and community belonging, and medium scores in neighbourly relationship. Finally, Low inclusion cluster (33%) was characterized by moderate economic difficulties and lack of a job, high scores in perceived economic hardship, low scores in all types of social support and low neighbourhood cohesion in all the factors. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that a model comprising family composition, size of social networks and years of residence in the community increased the probability of belonging to the Partial or Low inclusion profiles compared with the High inclusion one. In conclusion, the heterogeneity in the patterns of social inclusion and their intersection with family conditions suggests the need for targeted intervention actions to reduce the risk of social exclusion.
Long‐term follow‐up for the atypical radial longitudinal deficiency: A case report
Authors: Satake Hiroshi , Takeuchi Ryuji , Naganuma Yasushi , Nito Toshiya , Hanaka Naomi , Shibuya Junichiro , Maruyama Masahiro , Honma Ryusuke , Takagi Michiaki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe experienced an atypical case of radial longitudinal deficiency that did not fit into any classifications, including Blauth. The patient had a bilateral hypoplastic thumb, in which the index and middle fingers were missing in the right hand. We performed surgeries in four stages: centralization of the right hand, opponensplasty of the right thumb, opponensplasty of the left thumb, and distraction lengthening of the right ulnar. Twenty‐five years after the initial treatment, the patient was satisfied with the treatment and had no significant difficulty with activities of daily living.
A standard lexicon of terms for area‐based conservation version 1.0
Authors: Salafsky Nick , Mejía Cortez Paola , de Meyer Kalli , Dudley Nigel , Klimmek Helen , Lewis Alanah , MacRae Duncan , Mitchell Brent A. , Redford Kent H. , Sharma Mitali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTarget 3 in the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) calls for protecting at least 30% of the world's lands and waters in area‐based conservation approaches by 2030. This ambitious 30×30 target has spurred great interest among policy makers, practitioners, and researchers in defining and measuring the effectiveness of these types of approaches. But along with this broad interest, there has also been a proliferation of terms and their accompanying abbreviations used to describe different types of conservation areas and their governance, planning, management, and monitoring. The lack of standard terms is hindering the use and assessment of area‐based approaches to conserve the world's biodiversity. It is difficult to track progress toward GBF Target 3 or to share learning with other practitioners if different groups of people are using different words to describe the same concept or similar words to talk about different concepts. To address this problem, the International Union for Conservation of Nature's World Commission on Protected Areas commissioned a task force to review existing terms and recommend a standard English‐language lexicon for this field based on key criteria. The results were definitions of 37 terms across 6 categories, including types of protected and additional conservation areas (e.g., protected area, additional conservation area), sets of these areas (protected area network, protected area system), their governance and management (governance, rightsholders), assessment (effectiveness, equitability), spatial planning (key biodiversity area), and action planning (value, outcome, objective). Our standard lexicon can provide a common language for people who want to use it and a shared reference point that can be used to translate various terms used by different groups. The common understanding provided by the lexicon can serve as a foundation for collaborative efforts to improve the policies, implementation, assessments, research, and learning about this important set of conservation approaches.
Niche‐based approach to explore the impacts of environmental disturbances on biodiversity
Authors: Sopniewski Jarrod , Catullo Renee , Ward Michelle , Mitchell Nicola , Scheele Ben C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlobally, species are increasingly at risk from compounding threatening processes, an increasingly prominent driver of which is environmental disturbances. To facilitate effective conservation efforts following such events, methods that evaluate potential impacts across multiple species and provide landscape‐scale information are needed to guide targeted responses. Often, the geographic overlap between a disturbance and species’ distribution is calculated and then used as a proxy for potential impact. However, such methods do not account for the important influence of environmental heterogeneity throughout species’ ranges. To address this shortcoming, we quantified the effects of environmental disturbances on species’ environmental niche space. Using the Australian 2019 and 2020 Black Summer fires as a case study, we applied a niche‐centric approach to examine the potential impacts of these fires on 387 vertebrate species. We examined the utility of established and novel niche metrics to assess the potential impacts of large‐scale disturbance events on species by comparing the potential effects of the fires as determined by our various niche measures to those derived from geographic‐based measures of impact. We examined the quality of environmental space affected by the disturbance by quantifying the position in niche space where the disturbance occurred (center or margin), the uniqueness of the environmental space that was burned, and the degree to which the remaining, unburned portion of the niche differed from a species’ original prefire niche. There was limited congruence between the proportion of geographic and niche space affected, which showed that geographic‐based approaches in isolation may have underestimated the impact of the fires for 56% of modeled species. For each species, when combined, these metrics provided a greater indication of postdisturbance recovery potential than geographic‐based measures alone. Accordingly, the integration of niche‐based analyses into conservation assessments following large‐scale disturbance events will lead to a more nuanced understanding of potential impacts and guide more informed and effective conservation actions.