bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐effective age structure and geographical distribution of boreal forest reserves
Authors: Lundström Johanna , Öhman Karin , Perhans Karin , Rönnqvist Mikael , Gustafsson Lena 
Published: November 2010

Summary1. Forest reserves are established to preserve biodiversity, and to maintain natural functions and processes. Today there is heightened focus on old‐growth stages, with less attention given to early successional stages. The biodiversity potential of younger forests has been overlooked, and the cost‐effectiveness of incorporating different age classes in reserve networks has not yet been studied.2. We performed a reserve selection analysis in boreal Sweden using the Swedish National Forest Inventory plots. Seventeen structural variables were used as biodiversity indicators, and the cost of protecting each plot as a reserve was assessed using the Heureka system. A goal programming approach was applied, which allowed inclusion of several objectives and avoided a situation in which common indicators affected the result more than rare ones. The model was limited either by budget or area.3. All biodiversity indicators were found in all age classes, with more than half having the highest values in ages ≥ 100 years. Several large‐tree indicators and all deadwood indicators had higher values in forests 0–14 years than in forests 15–69 years.4. It was most cost‐effective to protect a large proportion of young forests since they generally have a lower net present value compared to older forests, but still contain structures of importance for biodiversity. However, it was more area‐effective to protect a large proportion of old forests since they have a higher biodiversity potential per area.5. The geographical distribution of reserves selected with the budget‐constrained model was strongly biassed towards the north‐western section of boreal Sweden, with a large proportion of young forest, whereas the area‐constrained model focussed on the south‐eastern section, with dominance by the oldest age class.6. Synthesis and applications.We show that young forests with large amounts of structures important to biodiversity such as dead wood and remnant trees are cheap and cost‐efficient to protect. This suggests that reserve networks should incorporate sites with high habitat quality of different forest ages. Since young forests are generally neglected in conservation, our approach is of interest also to other forest biomes where biodiversity is adapted to disturbance regimes resulting in open, early successional stages.
Changes in quality of life in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Salonen Päivi , Kellokumpu‐Lehtinen Pirkko‐Liisa , Tarkka Marja‐Terttu , Koivisto Anna‐Maija , Kaunonen Marja 
Published: November 2010

Aim.  To describe and compare changes in quality of life in two groups of patients with breast cancer and to identify factors predicting negative changes in quality of life within six months.Background.  Women with breast cancer suffer from various treatment side‐effects, from psychological and social symptoms as well as decreased quality of life, creating a need for support that may persist throughout the breast cancer experience.Design.  This six‐month longitudinal study involved a sample of 164 women, who were quasi‐randomized between intervention (n = 85) and control groups (n = 79) after breast cancer surgery. Intervention group received support and education via telephone one week after the breast cancer surgery and face‐to‐face support six months after the surgery. Quality of life was estimated one week and six months after breast cancer surgery, using the Quality of Life Index ‐ Cancer Version (QLI‐CV) and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Breast Cancer ‐ Specific Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐BR23).Method.  Data were analysed statistically using descriptive statistics and non‐parametric tests. Factors predicting negative changes in quality of life within six months were investigated using logistic regression models with the enter method.Results.  Significant group difference in the magnitude of changes within six months was found in future outlook. Logistic regression analyses revealed six significant predictors of negative changes in quality of life within six months: education, employment status, having underaged children, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy.Conclusion.  The results of this study underline the importance of identifying quality of life changes in patients with breast cancer and paying attention to those women with difficulties in adapting to being a cancer survivor.Relevance to clinical practice.  The findings of this study provide evidence which may help to create appropriate supportive interventions for both acute and long‐term settings.
Quality of life, anxiety and depression in ALS patients and their next of kin
Authors: Olsson Ozanne Anneli G , Strang Susann , Persson Lennart I 
Published: November 2010

Aim and objectives.  The aims were to study health‐related quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their next of kin and to compare these results with a subset of the general Swedish population. Thirty‐five pairs of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their next of kin were studied.Background.  Life changes in many ways when a person is diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Comparison between patients, next of kin and the general population are needed to get a wider understanding of their quality of life, anxiety and depression.Design.  A descriptive study.Methods.  All participants were studied with the SF‐36 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Patients’ physical function was assessed by the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale – Revised and the Norris scale.Results.  A correlation was found in both the mental component summary in SF‐36 and in anxiety between the pairs of patients and their next of kin, while no correlation was found in the physical component summary or depression. These results were not related to the patients’ physical function. Both patients and their next of kin had some poorer ratings in SF‐36 and in anxiety and depression than the general Swedish population. Gender or age did not affect the estimates in any of the scales.Conclusions.  The results indicate that both the patient and the next of kin are affected by the disease independent of physical disability. In most pairs of patient and next of kin, the mental component summary and anxiety were affected to a similar extent.Relevance to clinical practice.  The results emphasise the need for medical and nursing support to both the patient and the next of kin soon after the diagnosis and during the course of the disease.
Ciclosporin A therapy is associated with disturbances in glucose metabolism in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kovalik Marcel , Thoday Keith L. , Handel Ian G. , de C. Bronsvoort Barend M. , Evans Helen , van den Broek Adri H. M. , Mellanby Richard J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe effect of ciclosporin A (CsA) on glucose homeostasis was investigated in 16 dogs with atopic dermatitis by determining plasma glucose, serum fructosamine and insulin concentrations, and serial insulin and glucose concentrations following a glucagon stimulation test, before and 6 weeks after CsA therapy at 5 mg/kg once daily. All dogs completed the study. Following CsA treatment, the median serum fructosamine concentrations were significantly higher (pretreatment 227.5 μmol/L; post‐treatment 246.5 μmol/L; P = 0.001; reference range 162–310 μmol/L). Based on analyses of the areas under concentration‐time curves (AUC) pre‐ and post‐CsA treatment, plasma glucose concentrations were significantly higher (AUC without baseline correction 31.0 mmol/L/min greater; P = 0.021) and serum insulin concentrations were significantly lower (AUC without baseline correction 217.1 μIU/mL/min lower; P = 0.044) following CsA treatment. Peak glucose concentrations after glucagon stimulation test were significantly higher following CsA treatment (10.75 versus 12.05 mmol/L; P = 0.021), but there was no significant difference in peak serum insulin (52.0 versus 35.0 μIU/mL; P = 0.052). There was a negative correlation between baseline uncorrected insulin AUC and trough serum log CsA concentrations (r = −0.70, P = 0.005). The administration of CsA to dogs with atopic dermatitis leads to disturbances in glucose homeostasis. The clinical significance of this is unclear, but it should be taken into account when considering CsA treatment in dogs that already have such impairments.
Short‐ and long‐term effects of weed control on pastures infested with Pteridium arachnoideum and an attempt to regenerate abandoned pastures in South Ecuador
Authors: ROOS K , RÖDEL H G , BECK E 
Published: November 2010

Roos K, Rödel HG & Beck E (2011). Short‐ and long‐term effects of weed control on pastures infested with Pteridium arachnoideum and an attempt to regenerate abandoned pastures in South Ecuador. Weed Research51, 165–176.Summary Pteridium spp. (bracken) is one of the most persistent weeds worldwide. This communication reports for the first time, experiments to control the aggressive neotropical fern, Pteridium arachnoideum. In South Ecuador, where former pastures are overgrown by P. arachnoideum, 13 different control measures were repeated six times over a time period of 23 months: cutting of the fronds, various herbicides, covering with plastic sheeting and alternating combinations thereof. Subsequently, the pasture grass Setaria sphacelata was planted. Growth of P. arachnoideum and later the grass was monitored monthly using the variables cover and height of vegetation. Pteridium arachnoideum frond biomass was determined at the end of the treatments. None of the treatments resulted in a complete eradication of the weed. The efficacy of the treatments differed considerably, but the subsequently planted grass balanced out these differences, suppressing the fern to a cover of <40%. Thus, in spite of the high resistance of P. arachnoideum to any kind of control, regeneration of abandoned pastures is possible, using a two‐step strategy: (i) depleting the reserves in the rhizomes by repeated killing of the leaves and (ii) subsequent suppression by a highly competitive pasture grass. For practical weed management, three consecutive treatments with the herbicide mixture of picloram and metsulfuron methyl, or four consecutive cuts of the fronds, are recommended at intervals of four months to achieve maximum control.
Invasive fungal infections in pediatric heart transplant recipients: Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes
Authors: Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Webber Steven , Naftel David C. , Chrisant Mary Anne , Kaufman Beth , Pearce F. B. , Spicer Robert , Dipchand Anne I. ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study Investigators
Published: November 2010

Zaoutis TE, Webber S, Naftel DC, Chrisant MA, Kaufman B, Pearce FB, Spicer R, Dipchand AI on behalf of the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study Investigators. Invasive fungal infections in pediatric heart transplant recipients: Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes.  Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 465–469. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  There are limited data on the incidence or risk factors for IFI in pediatric heart transplant recipients. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence and types of IFI, to determine risk factors for outcomes of IFI, and to assist in decision‐making concerning the need for prophylactic strategies in pediatric heart transplant recipients. Data from a multi‐institutional registry of 1854 patients transplanted between 01/93 and 12/04 were analyzed to determine risk factors and outcomes of children with IFI post‐heart transplantation. One hundred and thirty‐nine episodes of IFI occurred in 123 patients and made up 6.8% of the total number of post‐transplant infections. IFI was most commonly attributed to yeast (66.2%), followed by mold (15.8%) and Pneumocystis jiroveci (13%). Ninety percent of the yeast infections were caused by Candida spp., and Aspergillus spp. was causative in 82% of the mold infections. There was a significantly increased risk of fungal infection associated with pretransplant invasive procedures (e.g., ECMO, prior surgery, VAD, mechanical ventilation) with an incremental risk with increasing numbers of invasive procedures (early phase 0 vs. 1, RR 1.3; 0 vs. 3, RR 2.3; p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, previous surgery (p = 0.05) and mechanical support at transplantation (p = 0.01) remained significant. Forty‐nine percent of recipients with IFI died, all within six months post‐transplant. Invasive fungal infections are uncommon in pediatric heart transplant recipients. Risk and mortality are highest in the first six months post‐transplant especially in patients with previous surgery and those requiring mechanical support. Prophylactic strategies for high‐risk patients should be considered and warrants further study.
Effectiveness and safety of inactivated influenza vaccination in pediatric liver transplant recipients over three influenza seasons
Authors: Gotoh Kensei , Ito Yoshinori , Suzuki Eitaro , Kaneko Kenitiro , Kiuchi Tetsuya , Ando Hisami , Kimura Hiroshi 
Published: November 2010

Gotoh K, Ito Y, Suzuki E, Kaneko K, Kiuchi T, Ando H, Kimura H. Effectiveness and safety of inactivated influenza vaccination in pediatric liver transplant recipients over three influenza seasons. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15:112–116. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for pediatric liver transplant recipients, who are at high risk of influenza‐related complications. However, effectiveness and safety of vaccination may differ among influenza seasons in this population and have not been fully evaluated. Subjects comprised 38 pediatric liver transplant recipients with or without influenza vaccination through the 2006–2007, 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 influenza seasons. Recipients received inactivated trivalent (AH1/AH3/B) influenza vaccine, and comparisons were made to non‐vaccinated recipients with regard to effectiveness and safety. No significant differences were seen between recipient groups for acute allograft rejection, acute febrile illness, or influenza virus infection. No serious systemic adverse events were observed in vaccinated recipients. Seroprotection rate (defined as the proportion of recipients with HI antibody titer ≥1:40), seroconversion rate (proportion of recipients with a ≥4‐fold increase in HI titers), and geometric mean titers were mostly elevated after vaccination for the three influenza antigens in each season. These three indicators of immunogenicity showed similar results in both vaccinated recipients and vaccinated healthy children in the 2007–2008 season. These findings suggest that pediatric liver transplant patients may respond safely to inactivated seasonal influenza vaccines in a similar manner to healthy children, and effectiveness varies among influenza seasons.
Macroscopic Anatomy of the Reproductive Tract of the Reproductively Quiescent Female Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
Authors: Reed Jr Robert B. , Cope Lee A. , Blackford James T. 
Published: November 2010

With 14 figuresSummaryThree reproductively quiescent female emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) were embalmed with 10% formalin solution. The reproductive tract was dissected and described. The reproductive tract consists of an ovary and oviduct situated on the left side of the abdominal cavity. The left ovary is dark brown to black in colour with follicles covering the ventral surface. The ovary is located medial to the spleen and closely associated with the ventral surface of the cranial and middle lobes of the left kidney. The oviduct is a relatively straight tube that extends from the level of the cranial extent of the left ilium to the caudal border of the left pubic bone. The oviduct is grossly divided into the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina using variations in the mucosal fold pattern.
Effect of constant temperature on the development of Sceliodes cordalis (Doubleday) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on eggplant
Authors: Kay Iain R 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Sceliodes cordalis, eggfruit caterpillar, is an important pest of eggplant in Australia but little information was available on its biology. This study was conducted to determine the effect of temperature on the development on eggplant of eggs, larvae and pupae. Insects were reared at five constant temperatures from 20.5°C to 30.5°C with a 12:12 L : D photoperiod and the thermal summation model was fitted to the developmental rate data. Developmental zeroes and thermal constants of 11.22°C and 61.32 day‐degrees for eggs, 12.03°C and 179.60 day‐degrees for larvae, and 14.43°C and 107.03 day‐degrees for pupae were determined. Several larvae reared at 20.5°C entered diapause.
First‐instar larva of Palaestra rufipennis (Westwood, 1841) and other Australian blister beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae, Nemognathinae)
Authors: Di Giulio Andrea , Pinto John D , Bologna Marco A 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis is the first study of Australian blister beetle larvae. The first‐instar larva of one species of the endemic genus Palaestra Laporte de Castelnau, 1840, is described as well as those of other phoretic species without adult association and consequently unplaced to genus. Two main larval types (Groups 1 and 2) are recognised, as are distinct morphotypes within each group. Although both groups are assignable to the Nemognathinae, they are characterised by traits not paralleled by subfamily representatives from other regions of the world. Group 1, which includes Palaestra, is the more distinctive, whereas Group 2 shares most characteristics with members of the cosmopolitan tribe Nemognathini. A tabular comparison of larval groups and morphotypes is included.
Preference and performance ofAconophora compressaWalker (Hemiptera: Membracidae) on different lantana phenotypes in Australia
Authors: Day Michael D , Nahrung Helen F 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe plant phenotypic preference and performance ofAconophora compressa, a biocontrol agent forLantana camarain Australia, were assessed. Overall, there were no significant trends ofA. compressafavouring any one particular phenotype. However, there was a gradual decrease in performance through subsequent generations, with populations ofA. compressadying out on two phenotypes. Females did not show preference for any particular lantana phenotype, ovipositing similarly on all five phenotypes presented in choice trials and all 16 phenotypes in no‐choice trials. Nymphs developed on all 16 phenotypes tested. Percent development and time to complete development were not significant in the first generation but were significant in the second generation. There was a general decrease in performance with generation. However, this was probably due to rising temperatures with season rather than an effect of phenotype. These results suggest thatA. compressashould establish on all phenotypes within its geographic range.
Beetle assemblages captured using static panel traps within New South Wales pine plantations
Authors: Stone Christine , Goodyer Grahame , Sims Kerrie , Penman Trent , Carnegie Angus 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe abundance and composition of beetles captured over two summers in panel traps baited with either α‐pinene, β‐pinene, a combination of α‐ and β‐pinene or just ethanol preserving solution alone, and located in several Pinus plantations in northern or southern New South Wales (NSW) were examined. Effective forest biosecurity surveillance requires a sound working knowledge of the insect species, both endemic and exotic, already established in NSW's pine plantations. A total of 288 beetle species (or distinct morphotypes) from 60 families were recorded from this survey. Families known to have potentially damaging wood‐boring insects were well sampled, the only exception being the Buprestidae for which no specimens were captured. The most abundant group trapped were the Scolytinae, including high numbers of Xyleborus perforans (an exotic ambrosia beetle), Hypothenemus eruditus (an exotic bark beetle), Ips grandicollis (an exotic bark beetle) and Ambrosiodmus latecompressus (a native ambrosia beetle). There were no new exotic species recorded. When considering the total catch, 26 species were identified as exotic and 58 species were confirmed as new accessions to the Forestry Commission of NSW Insect Collection. Initial comparisons between trap samples were based on species richness and the Shannon–Wiener diversity index using analysis of variance. Comparisons between lures, years and sites were further investigated through the application of non‐metric multidimensional scaling and analysis of similarities. We did not detect any significant differences between the four attractants when comparing beetle assemblages in terms of overall abundance and species diversity captured in either the southern or northern regions. Although sampling intensity for the southern sites was greater than that achieved for the northern sites, the beetle assemblages captured in the northern pine plantations were more abundant and diverse compared with the samples obtained from the Pinus radiata plantations in the south.
Pine plantations and native millipedes (Diplopoda:Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) in south‐eastern New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Car Catherine A 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe native keeled millipedes of the family Paradoxosomatidae are widespread in New South Wales, Australia. Yet, as short‐range endemic species, their distributions may be adversely affected by changes in land use such as the replacement of native vegetation with pine plantations. This study compared paradoxosomatid assemblages in pine plantations with those in nearby native forests. Preliminary observations on the effect of leaf litter disturbance on these millipedes were also undertaken. It appears that paradoxosomatids thrive equally well in both vegetation types under certain conditions, in terms of abundance and species richness, but any disturbance to their immediate leaf litter habitat seems to have a detrimental effect on populations.
Preference among four Bactrocera species (Diptera: Tephritidae) by Diachasmimorpha kraussii (Fullaway) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Ero Mark M , Hamacek Edward L , Peek Thelma , Clarke Anthony R 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Diachasmimorpha kraussii is an endoparasitoid of larval dacine fruit flies. To date, the only host preference study done on D. kraussii has used fruit flies from outside its native range (Australia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands). In contrast, this paper investigates host preference for four fly species (Bactrocera cacuminata, Bactrocera cucumis, Bactrocera jarvisi and Bactrocera tryoni), which occur sympatrically with the wasp in the Australian component of the native range. D. kraussii oviposition preference, host suitability (parasitism rate, number of progeny, sex ratio) and offspring performance measures (body length, hind tibial length, developmental time) were investigated with respect to the four fly species in the laboratory in both no‐choice and choice situations. The parasitoid accepted all four fruit fly species for oviposition in both no‐choice and choice tests; however, adult wasps only emerged from B. jarvisi and B. tryoni. Through dissection, it was demonstrated that parasitoid eggs were encapsulated in both B. cacuminata and B. cucumis. Between the two suitable hosts, measurements of oviposition preference, host suitability and offspring performance measurements either did not vary significantly or varied in an inconsistent manner. Based on our results, and a related study by other authors, we conclude that D. krausii, at the point of oviposition, cannot discriminate between physiologically suitable and unsuitable hosts.