bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of early revision in total hip arthroplasty: the relative contribution of the surgeon versus the hospital
Authors: Handford Cameron , Campbell Ryan , Lorimer Michelle , Molnar Robert , Harris Ian A 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundEarly revision for total hip arthroplasty is a serious adverse outcome. There are multiple contributing risk factors for early revision. Risk factors can exist at the level of the surgeon and the level of the institution. The primary research question of this study was to determine the relative contribution of surgeon‐level and hospital‐level variance to rates of early revision (overall and for infection) after primary total hip arthroplasty.MethodsThis is a registry‐based study from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR). Data for the most commonly used stem (Exeter V40) were used to reduce prosthesis variation from the analysis. A mixed effects Cox Model (also known as a frailty model) with crossed random effects for surgeon and hospital was used. Outcomes were early revision (within 2 years) for all causes and for infection. This model allowed for the risk of early revision to be explained by the variability at the surgeon level or hospital level.ResultsThere were 32 031 procedures performed by 735 surgeons across 250 hospitals between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019. Surgeon variability significantly contributed to overall variation in revision for any cause and revision for infection (P < 0.0001). There was no significant contribution of hospital‐level variation to overall revision or for infection.ConclusionsSurgeon‐level factors play a more important role than institution‐level factors in early revision after primary total hip arthroplasty. If surgeons are identified as having a higher risk of revision, there is potential for surgeon‐level practice change to reduce the risk of early revision.
Changes in cognitive function after a 12‐week POWER rehabilitation in older adults with schizophrenia and frailty
Authors: Chan Yee‐Lam E. , Lin Wang‐Sheng , Lai Hui‐Chen , Hung Chih‐Yuan , Huang Mao‐Hsuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe effectiveness of isolated resistance training (RT) on cognitive function among older adults with schizophrenia is insufficiently investigated. This study investigated the effectiveness of 12‐weeks POWER rehabilitation, a novel RT regimen, on cognitive function among older patients with schizophrenia and frailty.MethodsThirty‐two older adults with schizophrenia and frailty were enrolled and randomized to receive either a 12‐week, twice weekly POWER rehabilitation, or without add‐on training. Cognitive functioning was assessed using mini‐mental state examination (MMSE), digit symbol substitution test, color trail task (CTT), and digit span task (DST). Physical performance was assessed by walking speed and hand grip strength. The generalized estimating equations was used to compare pre‐ and post‐training outcome measure between groups.ResultsBetween‐group analysis revealed significant improvement in CTT1 and hand grip strength in the intervention group compared to the controls. Subgroup analyses showed CTT1 performance significantly improved after 12 weeks of POWER rehabilitation in the intervention group (time, p < .001), independent of age, educational level, global cognition, depressive symptoms, and psychotropic medication use. Increased hand grip strength was significantly associated with improved performance in MMSE, CTT1, and DST forward at study endpoint.ConclusionA 12‐week POWER rehabilitation for older patients with schizophrenia and frailty is safe and feasible, and may benefit physical and some domains of cognitive functioning.
Combination therapy with novel agents for acute myeloid leukaemia: Insights into treatment of a heterogenous disease
Authors: Jen Wei‐Ying , Kantarjian Hagop , Kadia Tapan M. , DiNardo Courtney D. , Issa Ghayas C. , Short Nicholas J. , Yilmaz Musa , Borthakur Gautam , Ravandi Farhad , Daver Naval G. 
Published: May 2024

SummaryThe treatment landscape of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is evolving rapidly. Venetoclax in combination with intensive chemotherapy or doublets or triplets with targeted or immune therapies is the focus of numerous ongoing trials. The development of mutation‐targeted therapies has greatly enhanced the treatment armamentarium, with FLT3 inhibitors and isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors improving outcomes in frontline and relapsed/refractory (RR) AML, and menin inhibitors showing efficacy in RR NPM1mut and KMT2A‐rearranged AML. With so many new drugs approved, the number of potential combinatorial approaches to leverage the maximal benefit of these agents has increased dramatically, while at the same time introducing clinical challenges, such as key preclinical and clinical data supporting the development of combinatorial therapy, how to optimally combine or sequence these novel agents, how to optimise dose and duration to maintain safety while enhancing efficacy, the optimal duration of therapy and the role of measurable residual disease in decision‐making in both intensive and low‐intensity therapy settings. In this review, we will outline the evidence leading to the approval of key agents in AML, their on‐label current approvals and how they may be optimally combined in a safe and deliverable fashion to further improve outcomes in AML.
Distinct patterns of plaque and microglia glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Fastenau Caitlyn , Bunce Madison , Keating Mallory , Wickline Jessica , Hopp Sarah C. , Bieniek Kevin F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlycosylation is the most common form of post‐translational modification in the brain. Aberrant glycosylation has been observed in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, including dysregulation of terminal sialic acid (SA) modifications. While alterations in sialylation have been identified in AD, the localization of SA modifications on cellular or aggregate‐associated glycans is largely unknown because of limited spatial resolution of commonly utilized methods. The present study aims to overcome these limitations with novel combinations of histologic techniques to characterize the sialylation landscape of O‐ and N‐linked glycans in autopsy‐confirmed AD post‐mortem brain tissue. Sialylated glycans facilitate important cellular functions including cell‐to‐cell interaction, cell migration, cell adhesion, immune regulation, and membrane excitability. Previous studies have not investigated both N‐ and O‐linked sialylated glycans in neurodegeneration. In this study, the location and distribution of sialylated glycans were evaluated in three brain regions (frontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum) from 10 AD cases using quantitative digital pathology techniques. Notably, we found significantly greater N‐sialylation of the Aβ plaque microenvironment compared with O‐sialylation. Plaque‐associated microglia displayed the most intense N‐sialylation proximal to plaque pathology. Further analyses revealed distinct differences in the levels of N‐ and O‐sialylation between cored and diffuse Aβ plaque morphologies. Interestingly, phosphorylated tau pathology led to a slight increase in N‐sialylation and no influence of O‐sialylation in these AD brains. Confirming our previous observations in mice with novel histologic approach, these findings support microglia sialylation appears to have a relationship with AD protein aggregates while providing potential targets for therapeutic strategies.
Differential G protein activation by the long and short isoforms of the dopamine D2 receptor
Authors: Reiner‐Link David , Madsen Jakob Sture , Gloriam David E. , Bräuner‐Osborne Hans , Hauser Alexander S. 
Published: May 2024

Background and PurposeThe dopamine D2 receptor is expressed as a short (D2S) and a long (D2L) isoform with 29 additional amino acids in the third intracellular loop. The D2S isoform shows higher presynaptic expression than the D2L isoform, and decreased D2S expression has recently been linked to an increased risk for schizophrenia. Here, we present the first investigation, at receptor isoform level, of kinetic differences in the G protein activation profiles of the D2S, compared with the D2L isoform.Experimental ApproachWe employed a NanoBRET‐based approach to G protein dissociation to interrogate the time‐resolved coupling profile of 3×HA‐tagged D2L and D2S to Gαi/o/z proteins in vitro.Key ResultsUsing dopamine as a D2 receptor agonist, we observed a more pronounced activation of Gαo and Gαz than Gαi proteins by D2L compared with D2S. This differentiation was not observed for D2S, which activated Gαo and Gαz with lower efficacy than D2L. These signalling differences were preserved on second messenger level and were not due to differences in receptor expression. Expanding to a set of seven full and partial D2 receptor agonists showed these effects were not restricted to dopamine but rather a mutual, receptor‐associated property. Contrasting this trend, we found that D2S activated G proteins faster than D2L upon full receptor activation.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe findings highlight that both D2L and D2S are mechanistically able to activate all non‐visual Gαi/o proteins. Thereby, they add to previous reports about isoform‐specificity to certain Gαi/o proteins observed in specific cell types.
4,4‐Diallyl curcumin bis(2,2‐hydroxymethyl)propanoate ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in methionine‐choline‐deficient diet and Western diet mouse models
Authors: Yang Li‐Chan , Wang Chih‐Chiang , Lee Der‐Yen , Lin Wen‐Chuan , Kuo Sheng‐Chu , Juang Shin‐Hun , Hsieh Min‐Tsang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that causes severe liver damage, fibrosis, and scarring. Despite its potential to progress to cirrhosis or hepatic failure, approved drugs or treatments are currently unavailable. We developed 4,4‐diallyl curcumin bis(2,2‐hydroxymethyl)propanoate, also known as 35e, which induces upregulation of mitochondrial proteins including carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT‐I), carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, heat shock protein 60, and translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20. Among these proteins, the upregulated expression of CPT‐I was most prominent. CPT‐I plays a crucial role in transporting carnitine across the mitochondrial inner membrane, thereby initiating mitochondrial β‐oxidation of fatty acids. Given recent research showing that CPT‐I activation could be a viable pathway for NASH treatment, we hypothesized that 35e could serve as a potential agent for treating NASH. The efficacy of 35e in treating NASH was evaluated in methionine‐ and choline‐deficient (MCD) diet‐ and Western diet (WD)‐induced models that mimic human NASH. In the MCD diet‐induced model, both short‐term (2 weeks) and long‐term (7 weeks) treatment with 35e effectively regulated elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations and histological inflammation. However, the antisteatotic effect of 35e was obtained only in the short‐term treatment group. As a comparative compound in the MCD diet‐induced model, curcumin treatment did not produce significant regulatory effects on the liver triglyceride/total cholesterol, serum ALT/AST, or hepatic steatosis. In the WD‐induced model, 35e ameliorated hepatic steatosis and hepatic inflammation, while increasing serum AST and hepatic lipid content. A decrease in epididymal adipose tissue weight and serum free fatty acid concentration suggested that 35e may promote lipid metabolism or impede lipid accumulation. Overall, 35e displayed significant antilipid accumulation and antifibrotic effects in the two complementary mice models. The development of new curcumin derivatives with the ability to induce CPT‐I upregulation could further underscore their efficacy as anti‐NASH agents.
Efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgery in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Dong Hai‐jun , Yang Cheng‐yan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis meta‐analysis sought to investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) combined with surgery in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWith time span from January 2010 to December 2022, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases were searched for randomized controlled trials on comparison between NACT combined with surgery and surgery alone in patients with NSCLC. Then a meta‐analysis was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.ResultsA total of 1511 studies were retrieved and 12 were finally included. Meta‐analysis results showed that compared with surgery alone, a combination of NACT and surgery was associated with higher treatment response rate (odds ratio, OR = 2.459, 95% confidence interval, CI [1.785, 3.388], P < 0.001), 1‐year survival rate (OR = 2.185, 95% CI [1.608, 2.970], P < 0.001), and 3‐year survival rate (OR = 2.195, 95% CI [1.568, 3.073], P < 0.001) and lower levels of intraoperative blood loss (standardized mean difference, SMD = −0.932, 95% CI [−1.588, −0.275], P = 0.005) and length of hospital stay (SMD = −0.481, 95% CI [−0.933, −0.028], P = 0.037).ConclusionNACT combined with surgery is superior to surgery alone in the treatment of NSCLC and can promote postoperative recovery. Collectively, such combination is a safe and effective treatment for patients with NSCLC.
Null T‐cell phenotype mycosis fungoides with aberrant CD20 and CD56 expression: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Aran Brenna M. , Burton Regina , High Whitney A. , Gru Alejandro A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMycosis fungoides (MF) represents the most common type of primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma. Recognition of MF variants with divergent immunophenotypes is important for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management, as they can be confused with other lymphoma subtypes. We present a case of a 49‐year‐old male previously diagnosed with a cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder with an unusual NK/T‐cell phenotype. He presented with a 10‐year history of pelvic girdle rash involving the right hip and upper thigh. The lesions were characterized as atrophic patches concentrated in sun‐protected areas and involving 10% of the body surface area. Shave biopsies revealed an atypical epidermotropic infiltrate composed of hyperchromatic small to medium‐sized lymphocytes with perinuclear halos and “tagging” along the dermal–epidermal junction. The immunophenotype was unusual in that the neoplastic lymphocytes showed complete loss of pan T‐cell antigens along with expression of CD56, cytotoxic markers, and weak CD20. All other B‐cell markers were negative. The combination of clinical findings, in addition to the histopathologic and immunophenotypic profile, were diagnostic of null T‐cell phenotype MF with aberrant expression of CD56 and CD20. Null T‐cell phenotype MF is very uncommon, can be diagnostically challenging, and can mislead the diagnosis of aggressive lymphoma subtypes.
Comprehensive meta‐analysis of the effects of oral medroxyprogesterone acetate plus conjugated equine oestrogens on the lipid profile in women: Insights from randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Yi Lin , Xie Lei , Wu Fen lan , Ding Xiaomei , Hernández‐Wolters Benjamin , Găman Mihnea‐Alexandru , Kord‐Varkaneh Hamed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMenopause is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk due to the loss of the cardioprotective effect of oestrogens. Postmenopausal women are often prescribed hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in order to control menopause symptoms and correct hormone imbalances; however, HRT can impact serum lipids' concentrations. At present, data on the effect of the administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate plus conjugated equine oestrogens (MPACEE) on the lipid profile in females are uncertain, as the investigations conducted so far have produced conflicting results. Thus, we aimed to clarify the impact of MPACEE prescription on the serum lipids' values in women by means of a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsWe employed a random‐effects model based on the DerSimonian and Laird method to determine the combined estimates of the intervention's impact on the lipid profile. The computation of the weighted mean difference (WMD) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) relied on the mean and standard deviation values from both the MPACEE and control group, respectively.ResultsA total of 53 RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis with 68 RCT arms on total cholesterol (TC), 70 RCT arms on low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and triglycerides (TG), and 69 RCT arms on high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C). Administration of MPACEE resulted in a significant reduction of TC (WMD = −11.93 mg/dL; 95% CI: −13.42, −10.44; p < .001) and LDL‐C (WMD = −16.61 mg/dL; 95% CI: −17.97, −15.26; p < .001) levels, and a notable increase in HDL‐C (WMD = 3.40 mg/dL; 95% CI: 2.93, 3.86; p < .001) and TG (WMD = 10.28 mg/dL; 95% CI: 7.92, 12.64; p < .001) concentrations. Subgroup analysis revealed that changes in the lipid profile were influenced by several factors: body mass index (for TC, HDL‐C, TG), MPACEE dosages (for TC, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, TG), age (for TC, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, TG), durations of the intervention (for TC, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, TG), continuous/sequential administration of MPACEE (continuous for TC; sequential for LDL‐C, TG) administration of MPACEE and serum lipids' concentrations before enrolment in the RCT (for TC, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, TG).ConclusionsMPACEE administration can influence serum lipids' concentrations in females by raising HDL‐C and TG levels and reducing LDL‐C and TC values. Therefore, postmenopausal women who suffer from hypercholesterolaemia might benefit from this type of HRT.
Steps into a Small World: First glimpses on everyday moment‐to‐moment decision making in an ecologically meaningful multi‐choice system for assessing animal preferences
Authors: Puls Fiona , Kosin Louisa‐Mae , Garbisch Fiona , Touma Chadi , Thöne‐Reineke Christa , Gygax Lorenz 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe behaviour shown by an animal at any one time is the consolidated output of its behavioural control mechanism. Moreover, what animals “want” is viewed as (the most) important component for individual welfare. Accordingly, studying the motivation of animals helps understanding basic mechanisms and welfare related needs. However, studying wants of animals is notoriously difficult and many previous studies on the preferences of animals have been restricted in the sense that only two choice options were presented in an artificial test environment. Here, an extended approach, the “Small World” is presented, in which the choices of animals between eight ecologically relevant resources can be observed in a long‐term test to reach conclusions with respect to everyday moment‐to‐moment decisions. In this sense, the system offers a quasi‐natural environment. The approach was tested in three experiments with observations of individual female rats, small groups of female rats (Long Evans, Rattus norvegicus) and small groups of female chickens (Lohmann Brown, Gallus gallus domesticus). The animals oriented themselves quickly in the system and it was possible to collect multifaceted data on the use of the resources. These data included the faecal and urinary markings in the Small World cages, the daily frequency and duration of visits to these cages, the sequential analyses of the choices for and decisions among the resources, and the synchrony of the animals in the groups. Given the richness of these data and the lack of a stress response in the tested animals, the use of the Small World approach seems to be highly promising as an extension to previously used procedures. To further improve the approach and more directly reflect the subjective value of the different resources from the animals' point of view, the distances between the resources in a quasi‐natural landscape shall be manipulated in future studies.
Developing a governance process for apps can help enhance and change the skills base and visibility of health librarians
Authors: Minns Amanda 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe traditional qualifications and work of a health librarian may not, at first glance, seem like they readily lend themselves to the wider work of an organisation. Too often librarians are seen as experts in a small specialist field. However, as librarians, we know that at our core is extensive digital experience and knowledge as well as a core set of transferrable skills that can be adapted to meet the ever‐changing needs of the organisation. This article describes how the library evidence team became part of a wider board project to develop a governance system for Apps. It also describes how the skills of librarians can be developed to work in this area and raise the profile of the team within the board.
Fruit pictures on beverage packages, health effect, and purchase intention
Authors: Kato Takumi , Sugiura Toshiko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFaced with the serious challenge of reducing consumer obesity, research on food packaging has been limited to encouraging healthy product choices among children with poor health awareness and adults with obesity concerns. While there is a lack of discussion on packaging appealing to health‐conscious consumers, the literature has shown that realistic pictures of fruits drawn on packages can convey health and be attractive. Though this conclusion applies to apples and oranges, which are sweet fruits that can be eaten as they are without processing, results can vary with fruits such as lemons, which have a sour taste and are difficult to eat directly. This study fills the two gaps mentioned above. In Japan, a randomized controlled trial was conducted on the packaging of lemon drinks with illustrations and pictures of lemons that evoked sourness. The results showed that lemon pictures had a positive effect on purchase intention for those with high health involvement and a negative influence on those with low health involvement. In the case of the lemon illustration, this interaction did not occur, suggesting that the presence or absence of the recall of sourness was the trigger. If practitioners do not have the above perspective, there is a risk that they will mistakenly attempt to reduce the attractiveness of the product.
Systemic correlates of cutaneous manifestations of lupus erythematosus
Authors: Heil Peter M. , Pittelkow Mark R. , Weaver Amy L. , Killian Jill M. , Sokumbi Olayemi , Wetter David A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to investigate the prevalence of skin disease among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and determine whether LE skin disease had clinical or serologic correlates with SLE.MethodsWe reviewed records of 335 patients with SLE (seen at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA) and abstracted skin manifestations, fulfilled mucocutaneous SLE criteria, and clinical and serologic parameters.ResultsOf the 231 patients with skin manifestations, 57 (24.7%) had LE‐specific conditions, 102 (44.2%) had LE‐nonspecific conditions, and 72 (31.2%) had both. LE skin disease was associated with photosensitivity, anti‐Smith antibodies, and anti‐U1RNP antibodies (all P < 0.001). Patients without LE skin disease more commonly had elevated C‐reactive protein levels (P = 0.01). Patients meeting 2–4 mucocutaneous American College of Rheumatology criteria less commonly had cytopenia (P = 0.004) or anti−double‐stranded DNA antibodies (P = 0.004). No significant associations were observed for systemic involvement (renal, hematologic, neurologic, and arthritis) when comparing patients with or without LE skin involvement. LE skin involvement was not significantly associated with internal SLE disease flare, number of medications, or overall survival.ConclusionsLE skin disease commonly occurs in patients with SLE. The presence of LE skin disease had no mitigating impact on the severity of SLE sequelae, disease flares, number of medications, or overall survival.