bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlating Severity of Pulmonary Hypertension by Echocardiogram with Mortality in Premature Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Torok Rachel D. , Gardner Robert A. , Barker Piers C.A. , McCrary Andrew W. , Li Jennifer S. , Hornik Christoph P. , Laughon Matthew M. , Jackson Wesley M. 
Published: May 2024

Objective Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication of preterm birth. Infants with BPD are at increased risk for pulmonary hypertension (PH). Cardiac catheterization is the gold standard for diagnosing PH, but cardiac catheterization is challenging to perform in small, sick, premature infants. The utility of echocardiography for diagnosing PH and predicting outcomes in extremely premature infants has not been clearly defined. Therefore, we sought to use predefined criteria to diagnose PH by echocardiogram and relate PH severity to mortality in extremely premature infants with BPD.
Study Design Echocardiograms from 46 infants born ≤28 weeks' postmenstrual age with a diagnosis of BPD were assessed for PH by three pediatric cardiologists using predefined criteria, and survival times among categories of PH patients were compared. A total of 458 echocardiograms were reviewed, and 15 (33%) patients were found to have at least moderate PH. Patients with at least moderate PH had similar demographic characteristics to those with no/mild PH.
Results Ninety percent of infants without moderate to severe PH survived to hospital discharge, compared with 67% of infants with at least moderate PH (p = 0.048). Patients with severe PH had decreased survival to hospital discharge (38%) compared with moderate (100%) and no/mild PH (90%) groups. Kaplan–Meier survival curves also differed among PH severity groups (Wilcoxon p < 0.001).
Conclusion Using predefined criteria for PH, premature infants with BPD can be stratified into PH severity categories. Patients diagnosed with severe PH by echocardiogram have significantly reduced survival.
Key Points
Enhancing employability through university-industry linkages: Omani engineering students’ perspectives of the Eidaad internship programme
Authors: Al-Abri Mohammed , Denman Christopher , Al Alawi Mubarak , Al Ajmi Maryam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLike many Middle East and North Africa countries, one of the main socio-economic challenges facing Oman is the creation of meaningful graduate employment opportunities. A combination of factors that include the gap between the expertise and skills acquired in higher education and workforce requirements means many students struggle to find suitable jobs upon graduation. Consequently, providing quality education and developing national talents are key objectives of the country’s Vision 2040 development roadmap. Higher levels of cooperation between tertiary institutions and industry within the framework of government policy are necessary to achieve these outcomes. This study explores undergraduate engineering student perceptions of one example of this collaboration – the Eidaad internship programme. To better understand interns’ perceptions of the programme’s personal and professional benefit across targeted areas and means for further improvement, a three-part on-line questionnaire was administered to current and former programme participants. Results indicate overwhelmingly positive perceptions of the programme, including in terms of enhancing interns’ teamwork skills, workplace participation, communication skills, clarity of career plans and objectives, and so on. Participant suggestions for improvement include the creation of concrete employment pathways and the provision of further on-the-job training opportunities. Implications for the Eidaad and similar internship programmes are discussed.
Changing rules, recommendations, and risks: COVID-19 vaccination decisions and emotions during pregnancy
Authors: McKenzie Lara , Carlson Samantha J. , Blyth Christopher C. , Attwell Katie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs COVID-19 vaccinations rolled out globally from late 2020, rules and recommendations regarding vaccine use in pregnancy shifted rapidly. Pre-registration COVID-19 vaccine trials excluded those who were pregnant. Initial Australian medical advice did not routinely recommend COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy, due to limited safety data and little perceived risk of local transmission. Advice from local medical authorities changed throughout 2021, however, with recommendations and priority access during pregnancy. In Western Australia (WA), recommendations became requirements as the State government mandated vaccines for some workers, with brief availability of pregnancy exemptions. Through an examination of 10 in-depth interviews with WA pregnant women, we explore their decision-making and complex emotions regarding COVID-19 vaccinations, and how they balanced mandates, recommendations, and shifting considerations and perceptions of risk. Changing recommendations and rules—and media and popular interpretation and communications of these—led to confusion, including for medical professionals. Expectant parents had to negotiate the risks of COVID-19 disease, potential benefits and risks of vaccination, professional and personal costs of vaccine refusal, and interpret mixed medical advice. Our findings can inform the development and communication of public health policies and medical advice, and contribute to our understanding of bodily autonomy, risk, and decision-making beyond the pandemic.
Cinemeducation to teach patient safety: an experience in medical students
Authors: Cambra-Badii Irene , Gomar-Sancho Carmen , Mastandrea Paula Belén , Arrebola-Trias Xavier , Baños Josep-Eladi , Pujol Farriols Ramón , Gonzalez-Caminal Griselda 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFrom early in medical school, students need to learn about patient safety, and how to prevent and reduce risks, errors and harm that occur to patients during health care provision. Cinemeducation is a teaching methodology that uses fragments of feature films or TV series in medical education. We hypothesized that cinemeducation could help simplify the comprehension of complex situations for students, aiding in the learning of patient safety and the understanding of human behaviors that impact it. This concept stands as an integral component within a comprehensive medical humanities approach. The study population was the 70 medical students of the second course of a six-year undergraduate program. In a 2-h class, after learning objectives were established, students watched a fragment from TV series The Resident centered on adverse events, and discussed them afterward. To measure learning achievements, we administered a 10-question multiple-choice pre and post-test and a 2-question open-essay post-test. Given the complexity of the concepts related to patient safety, we used a mixed quali-quantitative approach. An exploratory descriptive and content analysis was performed. Sixty-eight students participated and completed the questionnaires. Despite high pre-intervention scores, post-intervention scores improved (mean difference 0.779, 95% CI: 0.475–1.083, p < 0.001). The open-essay questions provided more information about the learning points, mostly related to the understanding of system error and preventive measures against adverse events. Classical teaching methods may be insufficient for learning how to deal with complex situations in hospital contexts. Our results show that cinemeducation may significantly improve learning on patient safety. Cinemeducation methodology can be effective in teaching some complex concepts in medical education. The integration of cinemeducation within medical education, through the lens of medical humanities, offers a dynamic approach to teaching patient safety. By using cinematic narratives to explore intricate medical scenarios, students engage with real-world complexities and the influence of human factor, enhancing their understanding.
Exploring the effects of AI literacy in teacher learning: an empirical study
Authors: Du Hua , Sun Yanchao , Jiang Haozhe , Islam A. Y. M. Atiquil , Gu Xiaoqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs most practitioners (including teachers) do not know how AI functions and cannot make full use of AI in education, there is an urgent need to investigate teachers’ intentions to learn AI and related determinants so as to promote their AI learning. This study collected survey data from a total of 318 K-12 teachers from sixteen provinces or municipalities in China. A two-step structural equation modeling approach was performed to analyze the data. Our findings show that K-12 teachers’ perceptions of the use of AI for social good and self-efficacy in learning AI are two direct determinants of behavioral intentions to learn AI, while awareness of AI ethics and AI literacy are two indirect ones. AI literacy has a direct impact on perceptions of the use of AI for social good, self-efficacy in learning AI and awareness of AI ethics and has an indirect impact on behavioral intentions to learn AI. This study represents one of the earliest attempts to empirically examine the power of AI literacy and explore the determinants of behavioral intentions to learn AI among K-12 teachers. Our findings can theoretically and practically contribute to the virgin field of K-12 teachers’ AI learning.
Effect of the component and the concentration ratio on the removal of volatile organic compound mixtures by non-thermal plasma
Authors: Bai Jiahui , Chen Jiayao , Wang Jiayi , Liu Jianqi , Zhong Fangchuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The feasibility and efficiency of the degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by non-thermal plasma (NTP) has been extensive investigated and proved in laboratory experiments with single target component. In practical, multicomponent VOCs are emitted during industrial production. It is urgent need to study the abatement of multicomponent VOCs to evaluate the effectiveness of NTP technology in application, and explore the impact of interactions between VOCs components on degradation efficiency. This study focused on the degradation of VOCs mixtures composed of toluene (TOL), acetone (AC), and ethyl acetate (EA) by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma in room temperature. Through changing the target gas in turn and the concentration ratio of additive gas in binary mixture, the influence of the composition and the concentration ratio of the additive gases on the target gas degradation have been investigated by comparing the decomposition of the single compound. The results showed that AC and EA had little or no inhibitory effect on degradation of TOL. When AC was added and degraded together with TOL, the degradation rate of TOL remained almost unchanged with slight fluctuations in the range of 75.3 ± 1.0% as the ratio of added AC increased. However, TOL significantly inhibited the degradation of EA and AC, and more seriously on AC. When the ratio of added TOL increased, the degradation rates of EA or AC changed from 41.1% or 34.5% to 29.8% or 12.2%, which were 11.3% or 22.3% reduced respectively. It is indicated that there was a mutual inhibitory effect between the AC and EA when they were degraded together, and a stronger inhibitory effect of EA on AC was observed. When the ratio of added AC to EA changed from 0:1 to 3:1, the degradation rate of EA decreased by 9.5%, from 49.8% to 40.3%. When the ratio of added EA to AC changed from 0:1 to 3:1, the degradation rate of AC decreased by 16.0%, from 37.9% to 21.9%.
Spin caloritronics in metallic superlattices
Authors: Seki T , Uchida K , Takanashi K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Spin caloritronics, a research field studying on the interconversion between a charge current (

J

c

) and a heat current (

J

q

) mediated by a spin current (

J

s

) and/or magnetization (M), has attracted much attention not only for academic interest but also for practical applications. Newly discovered spin-caloritronic phenomena such as the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) have stimulated the renewed interest in the thermoelectric phenomena of a magnet, which have been known for a long time, e.g. the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE). These spin-caloritronic phenomena involving the SSE and the ANE have provided with a new direction for thermoelectric conversion exploiting

J

s

and/or M. Importantly, the symmetry of ANE allows the thermoelectric conversion in the transverse configuration between

J

q

and

J

c

. Although the transverse configuration is totally different from the conventional longitudinal configuration based on the Seebeck effect and has many advantages, we are still facing several issues that need to be solved before developing practical applications. The primal issue is the improvement of conversion efficiency. In the case of ANE-based applications, a material with a large anomalous Nernst coefficient (

S

ANE

) is the key for solving the issue. This review article introduces the increase of

S

ANE

can be achieved by forming superlattice structures, which has been demonstrated for several kinds of materials combinations. The overall picture of studies on spin caloritronics is first surveyed. Then, we mention the pioneering work on the transverse thermoelectric conversion in superlattice structures, which was performed using Fe-based metallic superlattices, and show the recent studies for the Ni-based metallic superlattices and the ordered alloy-based metallic superlattices.
Preliminary characterization of anelastic effects in the flexure mechanism for a new Kibble balance at NIST
Authors: Keck Lorenz , Seifert Frank , Newell David , Theska René , Haddad Darine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A new Kibble balance is being built at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). For the first time in one of the highly accurate versions of this type of balance, a single passive flexure mechanism is used for both modes of operation: the weighing mode and the velocity mode. The mechanism is at the core of the new balance design as it represents a paradigm shift for NIST away from using knife edge-based balance mechanisms, which exhibit hysteresis in the measurement procedure of the weighing mode. Mechanical hysteresis may be a limiting factor in the performance of highly accurate Kibble balances approaching single digit nanonewton repeatability on a nominal

100

g

mass, as targeted in this work. Flexure-based mechanisms are known to have very good static hysteresis when used as a null detector. However, for larger and especially longer lasting deformations, flexures are known to exhibit anelastic drift. We seek to characterize, and ideally compensate for, this anelastic behavior after deflections during the velocity mode to enable a

10

−
8

accurate Kibble balance-measurement on a nominal

100

g

mass artifact with a single flexure-based balance mechanism. A measurement of the anelastic after-effect after static excitation hints that the apparatus produced a result for anelastic relaxation comparable to previously published work. Furthermore, a series of oscillatory displacements similar to those occurring in a velocity mode of a Kibble balance measurement are imposed upon the flexure mechanism and show a significant anelastic relaxation torque resulting in multiple micronewton of force relaxation. The amplitude of this force relaxation could be reduced by counterbending the flexures before performing a force measurement.
The role of unit cell topology in modulating the compaction response of additively manufactured cellular materials using simulations and validation experiments
Authors: Nakarmi Sushan , Kim Jihyeon , Bezek Lindsey B , Leiding Jeffery A , Lee Kwan-Soo , Daphalapurkar Nitin P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Additive manufacturing has enabled a transformational ability to create cellular structures (or foams) with tailored topology. Compared to their monolithic polymer counterparts, cellular structures are potentially suitable for systems requiring materials with high specific energy-absorbing capability to provide enhanced damping. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of controlling unit-cell topology with the intent of obtaining a desired stress–strain response and energy density. Using mesoscale simulations that resolve the unit-cell sub-structures, we validate the role of unit-cell topology in selectively activating a buckling mode and thereby modulating the characteristic stress–strain response. Simulations incorporate a linear viscoelastic constitutive model and a hyperelastic model for simulating large deformation of the polymer under both tension and compression. Simulated results for nine different cellular structures are compared with experimental data to gain insights into three different modes of buckling and the corresponding stress–strain response.
Stable CO2 reduction under natural air on Ni–Sn hydroxide photocatalyst with dynamic renewable oxygen vacancies
Authors: Lu Lei , Lv Changyu , Zhou Man , Yan Shicheng , Qiao Guanjun , Zou Zhigang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Advanced photocatalysts are highly desired to activate the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) with low concentration. Herein, the NiSn(OH)6 with rich surface lattice hydroxyls was synthesized to boost the activity directly under the natural air. Results showed that terminal Ni–OH could serve as donors to feed protons and generate oxygen vacancies (VO), thus beneficial to convert the activated CO2 (HCO3
−) mainly into CO (5.60 μmol g−1) in the atmosphere. It was flexible and widely applicable for a stable CO2RR from high pure to air level free of additionally adding H2O reactant, and higher than the traditional gas–liquid–solid (1.58 μmol g−1) and gas–solid (4.07 μmol g−1) reaction system both using high pure CO2 and plenty of H2O. The strong hydrophilia by the rich surface hydroxyls allowed robust H2O molecule adsorption and dissociation at VO sites to achieve the Ni–OH regeneration, leading to a stable CO yield (11.61 μmol g−1) with the enriched renewable VO regardless of the poor CO2 and H2O in air. This work opens up new possibilities for the practical application of natural photosynthesis.
Majorana subsystem qubit codes that also correct odd-weight errors
Authors: Kundu Sourav , Reichardt Ben 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A potential platform for topological quantum computation is the Majorana-based tetron architecture. Its building blocks are superconducting islands called tetrons, which host four Majorana zero modes. Existing error correcting codes can correct even-weight errors on tetrons. In a previous proposal by us, we had shown that incorporating tetrons in the stabilizer group allows us to correct a combination of odd-weight errors and even-weight errors on tetrons. In this work, we show that inclusion of tetrons in the gauge group lets us create subsystem codes from conventional Pauli stabilizer codes, which can correct both kinds of errors. Compared to the previous approach, the current approach lets us construct codes with fewer stabilizer generators. This leads to shorter fault-tolerant sequence length, and improves the fault-tolerant pseudothreshold by as much as 84%.
Temperature dependent interfacial-coupling and magnetization reversal of La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 film with inverted hysteresis features
Authors: Sun Yunbin , Pang Weixiu , Zhao Guoqing , Liu Xugang , Pan Qi , Fan Jiyu , He Wei , Zhao Jianjun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Temperature-dependent magnetic anisotropy and interfacial coupling of La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) epitaxial films with inverted hysteresis (IHLs) features are investigated using a broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectrometer. Through the dispersion relation obtained along [100], [110] and [010] axes, a simplified method is proposed to investigation in-plane magnetic anisotropy by broadband FMR in a cryostat. According to this method, the perpendicular uniaxial anisotropy, magneto-crystalline anisotropy, and interfacial coupling between the LSMO film and hard-magnetic interface layer are investigated as a whole. The measured value of interfacial coupling is −17.6 Oe at 300 K, close to the bias field found in minor loop, i.e., −18.4 Oe. The interfacial coupling is enhanced with the dropping of temperatures, and the value of interfacial coupling changed to −112 Oe at 10 K. A Stoner-Wohlfarth-like model is employed to calculate the hysteresis loops of the films based on the measured values of in-plane magnetic anisotropy and interfacial-coupling. The calculation reveals the mechanism of magnetization reversal and the origin of IHLs found in LSMO films.
Magnetic energy product and hysteresis behavior of antiperovskite Mn3AlN: Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Kerrai Hamza , Zaim Ahmed , Kerouad Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the magnetic properties, magnetocaloric effect, magnetic energy product, and hysteresis behavior of Mn3AlN antiperovskite using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation techniques. We examined the effect of magnetic field on magnetic behavior. As the magnetic field values h increase, the amplitudes of both the specific heat peaks and the susceptibility also increase. For various external magnetic fields and temperatures, we obtained the adiabatic temperature change and the magnetic entropy change. The compound displayed a direct magnetocaloric effect. Furthermore, the relative cooling power (RCP) values for a magnetic field strength of 60 kOe are 117.54 J/kg. The hysteresis loops were used to calculate the energy product BH. These findings suggest that our material is an excellent fit for magnetic refrigeration and information storage applications.
Device engineering of Sb2X3 antimony chalcogenide for loss analysis and strategies for maximizing photovoltaic efficiency
Authors: Vanitha L , Thandaiah Prabu R , Jacob Anju Anna , Kumar Atul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Antimony chalcogenide (Sb2X3; X=S, Se) is reportedly stable in ambient open-air, abundant, and shows composition-dependent absorption tunability. We simulated the Sb2X3 device utilizing the reported optical and electrical properties to analyze the performance limiting factors and the extent of achievable performance. Initially, we benchmarked the simulated device with the experimental reported device. The VOC-temperature and VOC-illumination characterization of the benchmarked device revealed the contact issue responsible for the VOC deficit. The suboptimal device configuration is a major performance-limiting factor. Contact optimization and conduction band offset optimisation have improved efficiency to 14.86% and 20.45% in Sb2S3 and Sb2Se3, from their experimentally reported values of 7.5% and 9.2% respectively. The optimization of trap-assisted Shockley Read Hall (SRH) recombination in bulk and interface has improved efficiency to 19.43% and 26.13% in Sb2S3 and Sb2Se3, respectively. When extrinsic factors are optimised, such as resistance losses (series resistance as high as 2 Ωcm2 and shunt resistance as low as 1000 Ωcm2), efficiency increased to 20.03% and 26.82% for Sb2S3 and Sb2Se3, respectively. Finally, with ideal intrinsic recombination parameters (radiative and Auger recombination), efficiency improved to theoretical limits (corresponding to their band gap). The study highlights the possibility of immediate gain upon contact passivation in Sb2S3 and Sb2Se3.