bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the safety and profitability of tunnel drives through the use of automated measurement and alarm systems – examples in practice /
Authors: Chmelina Klaus , Rabensteiner Klaus 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe article describes current examples of the application of automatic surveying and alarm systems, with a closer description of the systems installed in the Mitterpichling West investigation tunnel for the Koralm Tunnel, the Tyne Tunnel project and in the metro projects in Budapest, Athens und Thessaloniki. The contribution such systems could make to improve the safety and costeffectiveness of tunnel drives is looked into in general. Finally, two visionary research projects are presented.Im Beitrag werden aktuelle Ausführungsbeispiele automatisierter Mess‐ und Alarmsysteme erläutert, wobei auf die installierten Systeme im Erkundungstunnel Mitterpichling West des Koralmtunnels, im Projekt Tyne Tunnel und in den U‐Bahnprojekten in Budapest, Athen und Thessaloniki näher eingegangen wird. Der Beitrag, den derartige Systeme zur Verbesserung der Sicherheit und Wirtschaftlichkeit von Vortrieben leisten können, wird allgemein erörtert. Abschließend wird über zwei visionäre Forschungstrends zu diesem Thema informiert.
Innovative solutions for driving cross passages in bored tunnels with segmental lining /
Authors: Mayer Peter‐Michael , Frodl Stephan , Friedemann Wolf , Jouaux Rainer 
Published: October 2010

AbstractConstruction time and project risks in mechanized tunnelling are determined to a great extent by the number and difficulty of the cross passages and emergency exits. This article presents innovative solutions that lead to more flexibility in ground freezing measures, enable a high‐quality watertight connection between the cross passage and the running tunnels and permit the simple coupling of segments under high overburden pressures. Either experience from completed projects or results of tests on construction elements is available for the proposed solutions.Bauzeit und Projektrisiken bei maschinellen Tunnelvortrieben werden maßgeblich von der Anzahl und dem Schwierigkeitsgrad der herzustellenden Querschläge und Notausstiege bestimmt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden innovative Lösungen vorgestellt, die zu höherer Flexibilität bei Vereisungsmaßnahmen führen, einen hochwertigen Dichtungsanschluss zwischen Querschlag und Haupttunnel erlauben und eine einfache Tübbingkopplung bei hohen Gebirgslasten gestatten. Für die vorgeschlagenen Lösungen liegen entweder bereits Erfahrungswerte aus Ausführungsprojekten oder Ergebnisse von Bauteilversuchen vor.
Requirements for ground investigations in shield tunnelling /
Authors: Placzek Dietmar 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe success of a tunnel project depends on successfully overcoming the ground conditions and the geological risks. Despite this basic fact, the production of technical regulations and guidelines, the further development of machine technology and improving methods of surveying and control, mishaps still often occur during tunnel drives, affecting either the tunnel itself or the surroundings, e.g. existing infrastructure or buildings. The causes are often multifaceted but can almost always be attributed to the existing ground conditions, which had not been appropriately determined, described, or considered in the design, or taken into account during construction. The following explanations describe the risks inherent in ground conditions and show how these risks can be countered by appropriate ground investigations for tunnelling.Der Erfolg eines Tunnelvortriebs hängt von der sicheren Beherrschung des Baugrunds und der hierin liegenden Risiken ab. Trotz dieser grundlegenden Erkenntnis, der Erarbeitung von technischen Vorschriften und Richtlinien, der Weiterentwicklung der Maschinentechnik sowie einer verfeinerten Mess‐ und Steuerungstechnik kommt es immer Tunnelvortrieb wieder beim zu Schäden, die entweder unmittelbar den Vortrieb selbst oder das Umfeld, z. B. bestehende Infrastruktur oder Bauwerke, betreffen. Die Ursachen sind häufig vielfältiger Natur, lassen sich aber überwiegend auf die vorherrschenden Baugrundverhältnisse zurückführen, die entweder nicht zutreffend ermittelt, beschrieben, planerisch umgesetzt oder ausführungstechnisch berücksichtigt wurden. Die nachfolgenden Ausführungen beschreiben die im Baugrund vorhandenen Risiken und zeigen auf, wie diesen Risiken durch gezielte Baugrunduntersuchungen für den Tunnelbau begegnet werden kann.
Prestressed arch system in the Lower Inn Valley – an innovative tunnel reinforcement system /
Authors: Fink Arnold , Bartl Thomas , Pitscheider Wolfgang , Uwe Siding 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe world of engineering is a world of continuous change, and developers, planners and contractors alike are confronted by the innovative ideas that fuel progress in the field. This applies in particular to major civil engineering works. In the case of the Lower Inn Valley railway upgrade project, for example, a new self‐supporting reinforcement system has been developed for a compact fire‐resistant shell for the inner lining of the tunnel. The development, testing and optimization of the reinforcement system are the subject of this report. The new reinforcement system was employed on such a scale for the first time and proved successful in practice.Der Stand der Technik unterliegt einem permanenten Wandel. So sind Bauherrn, Planer und ausführende Unternehmen immer wieder gefordert, durch das Einsetzen von innovativen Ideen das Rad der Weiterentwicklung voranzutreiben. Dies gilt insbesondere für Großbauvorhaben. Beim Projekt Unterinntal wurde ein neuartiges System der selbsttragenden Bewehrung für eine schlanke Brandschutzschale als Tunnelinnenschale entwickelt. Der Beitrag behandelt Entwicklung, Erprobung und Optimierung des Bewehrungssystems. Das zur Anwendung gelangte Bewehrungssystem kommt in dieser Dimension erstmalig zum Einsatz und hat sich in der Praxis bewährt.
WNT signaling in activated microglia is proinflammatory
Authors: Halleskog Carina , Mulder Jan , Dahlström Jenny , Mackie Ken , Hortobágyi Tibor , Tanila Heikki , Kumar Puli Lakshman , Färber Katrin , Harkany Tibor , Schulte Gunnar 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMicroglia activation is central to the neuroinflammation associated with neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly because activated microglia are often a source of proinflammatory cytokines. Despite decade‐long research, the molecular cascade of proinflammatory transformation of microglia in vivo remains largely elusive. Here, we report increased β‐catenin expression, a central intracellular component of WNT signaling, in microglia undergoing a proinflammatory morphogenic transformation under pathogenic conditions associated with neuroinflammation such as Alzheimer's disease. We substantiate disease‐associated β‐catenin signaling in microglia in vivo by showing age‐dependent β‐catenin accumulation in mice with Alzheimer's‐like pathology (APdE9). In cultured mouse microglia expressing the WNT receptors Frizzled FZD4,5,7,8 and LDL receptor‐related protein 5/6 (LRP5/6), we find that WNT‐3A can stabilize β‐catenin. WNT‐3A dose dependently induces LRP6 phosphorylation with downstream activation of disheveled, β‐catenin stabilization, and nuclear import. Gene‐expression profiling reveals that WNT‐3A stimulation specifically increases the expression of proinflammatory immune response genes in microglia and exacerbates the release of de novo IL‐6, IL‐12, and tumor necrosis factor α. In summary, our data suggest that the WNT family of lipoglycoproteins can instruct proinflammatory microglia transformation and emphasize the pathogenic significance of β‐catenin‐signaling networks in this cell type. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PKC‐dependent inhibition of CA2+‐dependent exocytosis from astrocytes
Authors: Yasuda Keiichi , Itakura Makoto , Aoyagi Kyota , Sugaya Tsukiko , Nagata Etsuko , Ihara Hideshi , Takahashi Masami 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAstrocytes release various bioactive substances via Ca2+‐ and soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)‐dependent exocytosis; however the regulatory mechanisms of glial exocytosis are still poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of protein kinase C (PKC) on exocytosis in glial cells using primary cultured astrocytes and clonal rat glioma C6 cells. Mass spectrometry and Western blot analysis using phospho‐specific antibodies revealed that phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) treatment induced the phosphorylation of synaptosomal‐associated protein of 23 kDa (SNAP‐23) on Ser95, Ser120, and Ser160 in cultured astrocytes and C6 cells. Phosphorylation at these sites was suppressed by treatment with the PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I (BIS). In contrast, Ser110 of SNAP‐23 was constitutively phosphorylated in these cells and was dephosphorylated in a PKC‐dependent manner. Exogenously expressed human growth hormone (hGH) accumulated in cytoplasmic granular structures in cultured astrocytes, and its release after ATP‐treatment was Ca2+‐ and SNARE‐dependent. PMA treatment suppressed the ATP‐induced hGH release from astrocytes and this inhibition was reversed by BIS. We also observed PMA‐dependent suppression and an attenuation of that suppression by BIS in ionomycin‐induced hGH release from C6 cells. These results suggest that intracellular activation of PKC suppresses Ca2+‐ and SNARE‐dependent exocytosis in astroglial cells. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oncologic and functional results after transhyoid surgical approach for cancer of the base of tongue
Authors: Rodrigo Juan P. , Díaz‐Molina Juan Pablo , Moreno Carla , Suárez Carlos 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal treatment for base of tongue cancer remains unclear, especially in advanced stages.MethodsWe retrospectively review 84 previously untreated patients that underwent a transhyoid resection of a base of tongue carcinoma. Sixty‐four patients (76%) underwent postoperative radiotherapy.ResultsFive patients had stage II disease, 6 had stage III, 58 had stage IVA, and 15 had stage IVB. The overall recurrence rate was 68%. Five‐year disease‐specific survival rates by stage were 100%, 67%, 27%, and 8% for stage II to IVB, respectively (p = .0007). Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of lymph node metastases was an independent predictor of reduced disease‐specific survival rates (p = .02). All patients maintained an intelligible voice, and oral alimentation was successfully recovered in 97.5% of them.ConclusionsThe transhyoid approach allowed adequate resection of base of tongue cancers with low morbidity and acceptable functional results, but the oncologic outcomes in advanced stages are poor. Head Neck, 2011
Mastication in patients treated for malignancies in tongue and/or floor of mouth: A 1‐year prospective study
Authors: Speksnijder Caroline M. , van der Bilt Andries , Abbink Jan H. , Merkx Matthias A.W. , Koole Ron 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundPeople confronted with oral cancer run a high risk of deteriorated masticatory performance. Reduced masticatory function may affect quality of life and food choice. An altered food choice may result in lower intakes for key nutrients and weight loss.MethodsDental state, bite force, and masticatory performance were determined in a group of 45 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and/or floor of mouth. Measurements were performed before surgery and at various moments after surgery and/or radiotherapy.ResultsSurgical intervention had a large negative impact on oral function. Radiotherapy further worsened oral function. Also, the recovery of oral function 1 year after surgery was less prominent for the surgery‐radiotherapy group than for the surgery group.ConclusionObjective determination of oral function 1 year after surgery showed that patients treated for malignancies in the tongue and/or floor of mouth had significantly deteriorated masticatory performance, bite force, and dental state. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Determinants of head and neck cancer survival by race
Authors: Ragin Camille C. , Langevin Scott M. , Marzouk Mark , Grandis Jennifer , Taioli Emanuela 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundSeveral factors contribute to the documented racial disparity in head and neck cancer, among which are socioeconomic status, access to care, and biologic factors.MethodsClinical characteristics of 87 African‐American patients with head and neck cancer and a random sample of 261 white patients matched on age and smoking dose were associated with outcome.ResultsBlack patients with cancers of the oral cavity and larynx were more likely diagnosed with advanced stages than whites, after adjusting for socioeconomic and insurance status and other confounding factors. There was a significant difference in relapse‐free survival between blacks and whites with tumors of the larynx (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62–7.00), but not with tumors of the oral cavity or pharynx.ConclusionsDifferences in disease outcome may be attributed to a combination of tumor stage, socioeconomic status, and access to health care. The inclusion of biologic markers such as human papillomavirus (HPV) status is needed in future studies to further evaluate racial disparities in head and neck cancer outcomes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Mixed convective flow of immiscible viscous fluids in a vertical channel
Authors: Kumar J. Prathap , Umavathi J.C. , Biradar Basavaraj M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCombined free and forced convection flow in a parallel‐plate vertical channel is analyzed for immiscible viscous fluids taking into account the effect of viscous dissipation. Three types of thermal boundary conditions are described. These thermal boundary conditions are isothermal‐isothermal, isoflux‐isothermal, and isothermal‐isoflux for the left–right walls of the channel. The coupled nonlinear governing equations are solved analytically using the regular perturbation method. Separate solutions are matched at the interface using suitable matching conditions. The results are represented graphically for various governing parameters such as the ratio of Grashof number to Reynolds number, viscosity ratio, width ratio, and conductivity ratio for equal and different wall temperatures. It is found that the viscous dissipation enhances the flow reversal in the case of a downward flow while it counters the flow in the case of an upward flow. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20324
Inter‐comparison of hydro‐climatic regimes across northern catchments: synchronicity, resistance and resilience
Authors: Carey Sean K. , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Seibert Jan , Soulsby Chris , Buttle Jim , Laudon Hjalmar , McDonnell Jeff , McGuire Kevin , Caissie Daniel , Shanley Jamie , Kennedy Mike , Devito Kevin , Pomeroy John W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe higher mid‐latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere are particularly sensitive to climate change as small differences in temperature determine frozen ground status, precipitation phase, and the magnitude and timing of snow accumulation and melt. An international inter‐catchment comparison program, North‐Watch, seeks to improve our understanding of the sensitivity of northern catchments to climate change by examining their hydrological and biogeochemical responses. The catchments are located in Sweden (Krycklan), Scotland (Mharcaidh, Girnock and Strontian), the United States (Sleepers River, Hubbard Brook and HJ Andrews) and Canada (Catamaran, Dorset and Wolf Creek). This briefing presents the initial stage of the North‐Watch program, which focuses on how these catchments collect, store and release water and identify ‘types’ of hydro‐climatic catchment response. At most sites, a 10‐year data of daily precipitation, discharge and temperature were compiled and evaporation and storage were calculated. Inter‐annual and seasonal patterns of hydrological processes were assessed via normalized fluxes and standard flow metrics. At the annual‐scale, relations between temperature, precipitation and discharge were compared, highlighting the role of seasonality, wetness and snow/frozen ground. The seasonal pattern and synchronicity of fluxes at the monthly scale provided insight into system memory and the role of storage. We identified types of catchments that rapidly translate precipitation into runoff and others that more readily store water for delayed release. Synchronicity and variance of rainfall–runoff patterns were characterized by the coefficient of variation (cv) of monthly fluxes and correlation coefficients. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed clustering among like catchments in terms of functioning, largely controlled by two components that (i) reflect temperature and precipitation gradients and the correlation of monthly precipitation and discharge and (ii) the seasonality of precipitation and storage. By advancing the ecological concepts of resistance and resilience for catchment functioning, results provided a conceptual framework for understanding susceptibility to hydrological change across northern catchments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Channel stability and sediment source assessment in streams draining a Piedmont watershed in Georgia, USA
Authors: Mukundan Rajith , Radcliffe David E. , Ritchie Jerry C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStreams can be classified as stable or unstable, depending on the stage of channel evolution. Many streams of the southern Piedmont in United States have high sediment loads and are listed as impaired under the total maximum daily load (TMDL) program and may be unstable. It is not clear as to what the target (reference) load or remediation measures should be for unstable streams. The objective of this study was to determine the relative channel stability for a typical southern Piedmont stream using rapid geomorphic assessments (RGAs) and sediment yield analysis. The results were supported through a sediment fingerprinting analysis. RGAs were performed along 52 reaches on the North Fork Broad River (NFBR) main stem and two tributaries. Annual sediment yields were calculated and compared with yields in the southern Piedmont for stable streams that are resilient to degradation or aggradation and unstable streams that are susceptible to such disturbances. Majority of the NFBR main stem was found to be unstable with signs of geomorphic instability in the form of degradation and aggradation. The estimated average annual sediment yield was 0·78 T ha−1 year−1. By comparison, the median annual yield is 0·20 T ha−1 year−1 for stable streams and 0·48 T ha−1 year−1 for unstable streams in the Piedmont ecoregion with comparable drainage basin size. We conclude that the NFBR is in an unstable stage of channel evolution. Sediment fingerprinting proved that majority of the stream‐suspended sediment emanated from eroding stream channels. The methods outlined in this study have implications for the reference condition and remediation efforts related to stream turbidity and stream channel restoration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ectopic osteochondral formation of biomimetic porous PVA‐n‐HA/PA6 bilayered scaffold and BMSCs construct in rabbit
Authors: Qu Dan , Li Jihua , Li Yubao , Khadka Ashish , Zuo Yi , Wang Hang , Liu Yiming , Cheng Lin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this work, the novel poly vinyl alcohol/gelatin‐nano‐hydroxyapatite/polyamide6 (PVA‐n‐HA/PA6) bilayered scaffold with biomimetic properties for articular cartilage and subchondral bone is developed. Furthermore, when these osteochondral scaffolds were seeded with induced bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and implanted at ectopic sites, showed the potential for an engineered cartilage tissue and the corresponding subchondral bone. BMSCs were expanded in vitro and induced to chondrogenic or osteogenic potential by culturing in suitable media for 14 days. Subsequently, these induced cells were seeded into PVA‐n‐HA/PA6 separately, and the constructs were implanted into the rabbit muscle pouch for upto 12 weeks. Ectopic neocartilage formation in the PVA layer and reconstitution of the subchondral bone which remained confined within the n‐HA/PA6 layer with the alteration of the cellular phenotype were identified with Masson's trichrome stain. Simultaneously, the RT‐PCR results confirmed the expression of specific extracellular matrix (ECM) markers for cartilaginous tissue, such as collagen type II (Col‐II), or alternatively, markers for osteoid tissue, such as collagen type I (Col‐I) at the corresponding layers. During ectopic implantation, the underlying subchondral bone layer was completely integrated with the cartilage layer. The result from the ectopic osteochondral scaffolds implantation suggests that PVA‐n‐HA/PA6 with induced BMSCs is a possible substitute with potential in cartilage repair strategies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Prevention of abdominal adhesion formation by thermosensitive PECE‐hydrogel in a rat uterine horn model
Authors: Yang Bing , Yang Gong Chang , Yong Qian Zhi , Zhao Xia , Yu Li Zheng , Tao Zhou Sheng , Rong Qi Xiao , Zhong Qian , Luo Feng , Quan Wei Yu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this work, we investigated the efficacy of PECE‐hydrogel in preventing postsurgical peritoneal adhesions in the rat uterine horn model. Standardized surgical traumas were applied to the peritoneum of the abdominal wall and the uterine horns. PECE hydrogel was applied to the two wound surfaces. Animals were euthanized at different times after surgery, and the gross necropsy findings were documented. Adhesion formation was assessed according to adhesion extent and adhesion severity, and the hydrogel degradation and healing of peritoneal wounds were observed. The remesothelialization was dynamically observed by scanning electron microscope. The results showed that none of the animals in the hydrogel‐treated group (n = 12) developed adhesion. In contrast, all untreated animals (n = 12) had adhesions that could only be separated by sharp dissection (p < 0.001). The hydrogel could adhere to the peritoneal wounds and gradually disappear from the wounds within 7–9 days and transformed into viscous fluid being completely absorbed within 12 days. The injured parietal and visceral peritoneum was remesothelialized in about 7 and 9 days, respectively. This work confirmed that PECE hydrogel holds promise as a novel absorbable biomaterial for the reduction of postoperative adhesions after laparotomy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Efficient 2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine‐catalyzed synthesis of 2‐arylbenzothiazoles and bisbenzothiazoles by condensation of 2‐aminithiophenol with aldehydes under mild conditions
Authors: Maleki Behrooz , Azarifar Davood , Hojati Seyede Fateme , Veisi Hojat , Gholizadeh Mostafa , Salehabadi Hafezeh , Moghadam Mona Khodaverdian 
Published: October 2010

Abstract2,4,6‐Trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine efficiently catalyzed the condensation reactions between 2‐aminothiophenol and aromatic aldehydes to afford 2‐arylbenzothiazolles in good‐to‐excellent yields. Simple and mild reaction conditions, the use of a cheap catalyst and easy work up, and isolation are notable features of this method. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).