bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEMBANGUN UMAT DENGAN ZAKAT
Authors: Masruri Masruri 
Published: June 2024

Pada tahun 2020 Baznas Kabupaten Kendal merealisasikan program Mikrofinance dengan saran pedagang keliling. Yang menjadi problem berikutnya, ternyata proyek BMD ini sepertinya stagnan, sejak launching dua tahun yang lalu. Model pengembangan usaha mikro ini yang inovatif, belum bertambah , sementara harapan masyarakat pada Baznas sangat besar, apalagi melihat peningkatan kapasitas penggalian zakat infaq dan shadaqah Baznas Kendal yang mengalami peningkatan. Selain itu usaha mikro di Kabupaten Kendal yang berjumlah lebih dari 3.000, perlu penanganan serupa, sementara BMD baru menjangkau 1 desa. Dari latar belakang masalah ini, perlu dikaji berbagai hal terkait proyek BMD ini, baik dari faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya dalam realisasi model Model Baznas Mikrofinance Desa (BMD) Sebagai Penguatan Usaha Mikro Di Kabupaten Kendal.
Riset ini menggunakan bentuk penelitian lapangan (field research), yang menggambarkan realitas obyek pada lokasi penelitian sesuai dengan fokus riset. Prosedur penelitian ini akan menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau kesan dari orang dan perilaku yang dapat diamati untuk menunjang penelitian . Fokus penelitian ini berupa realisasi model Model Baznas Mikrofinance Desa (BMD) Sebagai Penguatan Usaha Mikro Di Kabupaten Kendal. Pendekatan yang akan digunakan peneliti, adalah riset kualitatif , dengan beberapa jenis pendekatan : Case Studies. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Program mikrofinance Baznas Kendal mempunyai potensi pengembangan ekonomi mikro yang besar dan ternyata belum ditindak lanjuti dengan upaya berkelanjutan karena beberapa hambatan yang berasal dari pelaku usaha mikro itu sendiri. Tidak berjalannya program mikro finance Baznas tersebut dikarenakan faktor-faktor diluar kemampuan. Yaitu tidak tersedianya SDM yang cukup dari Baznas untuk menangani tugas tersebut. Saat ini personel Bazanas Kabupaten Kendal masih sangat terbatas, dan baru mampu menanganitugas-tugas rutinitas indoor. Di samping itu Baznas belum menyediakan personel yang secara spesifik menguasai pengembangan dan melakukan mentor UMKM. Baznas belum secara intensif melakukan program kolaboratif antar lembaga,yang yang berkompeten dalam pengembangan UMKM.
Refining of Plant Oils to Chemicals by Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Chikkali Samir , Mecking Stefan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPlant oils are attractive substrates for the chemical industry. Their scope for the production of chemicals can be expanded by sophisticated catalytic conversions. Olefin metathesis is an example, which also illustrates generic issues of “biorefining” to chemicals. Utilization on a large scale requires high catalyst activities, which influences the choice of the metathesis reaction. The mixture of different fatty acids composing a technical‐grade plant oil substrate gives rise to a range of products. This decisively determines possible process schemes, and potentially provides novel chemicals and intermediates not employed to date.
Influence of talc genesis and particle surface on the crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/talc composites
Authors: Castillo L. A. , Barbosa S. E. , Capiati N. J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTalc is a laminar silicate, considered as an excellent nucleating agent for polypropylene (PP) crystallization. However, properties of PP/talc composites depend on the morphology, size, and surface of mineral particles. In this sense, talc from several ores, having different morphology, imparts specific characteristics on these materials. Also, taking into account that PP‐talc adhesion is not necessarily good due to the apolar character of PP, talc surface has been modified in order to increase this parameter. In this work, the effects of talc genesis, geomorphologic aspects, and particle surface characteristics on crystallization of PP/talc composites are analyzed. Isothermal crystallization of PP/talc composites was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry, based on Avrami model. The final crystalline morphology of talc‐filled PP was analyzed by means optical microscopy. The results show that the blocky talc morphology favors even more the crystallization compared to the platy one, at the same particle size. Taking into account the surface treatment studied in this work, the talc surface is made hydrophobic and the particle delamination is favored. As a consequence, so‐modified talc is very effective in increasing the crystallization temperature of PP and the nuclei number that grow during the crystallization with respect to the untreated talc. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of a magnetic hybrid material consisting of iron oxide in a carboxymethyl cellulose matrix
Authors: Luna‐Martínez Juan Francisco , Reyes‐Melo Edgar , González‐González Virgilio , Guerrero‐Salazar Carlos , Torres‐Castro Alejandro , Sepúlveda‐Guzmán Selene 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA magnetic hybrid material (MHM), consisting of iron‐oxide nanoparticles (˜4 nm) embedded in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na‐CMC) matrix was synthesized. The MHM synthesis process was performed in two stages. First, a precursor hybrid material (Fe(II)‐CMC) was synthesized from two aqueous solutions: Na‐CMC solution and FeCl2 solution. In the second stage, the precursor hybrid material was treated with H2O2 under alkaline conditions to obtain the MHM. The results obtained from X‐ray diffraction show that the crystalline structure of iron oxide into MHM corresponds to maghemite or magnetite phase. Conversely, the results obtained from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy reveal that the polymeric matrix (Na‐CMC) preserves its chemical structure into the MHM. Furthermore, in FTIR spectra are identified two characteristic bands at 570 and 477 cm−1 which can be associated to maghemite phase. Images obtained by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and bright field scanning transmission electron microscope show that iron‐oxide nanoparticles are embedded in the Na‐CMC. Magnetic properties were measured at room and low temperature using a quantum design MPMS SQUID‐VSM magnetometer. Diagrams of magnetization versus temperature show that iron‐oxide nanoparticles embedded in Na‐CMC have a superparamagnetic‐like behavior. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Fast and eco‐friendly synthesis of novel soluble thermally stable poly(amide‐imide)s modified with siloxane linkage with reduced dielectric constant under microwave irradiation in TBAB, TBPB and MeBuImCl via isocyanate method
Authors: Rafiemanzelat Fatemeh , Khoshfetrat Seyyed Mahmood , Kolahdoozan Majid 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA new series of poly(amide‐imide)s (PAI) modified with a siloxane linkage was synthesized under microwave radiation in ionic liquids and organic salts via the isocyanate method. The polymerization reactions of a novel siloxanic diacid monomer with 4,4′‐methylene‐bis(4‐phenylisocyanate) MDI were studied in ammonium, phosphonium, and imidazolium‐type organic salts. These poly(amide‐imide‐siloxane)s (PAI‐Si)s were obtained with high yields and good inherent viscosities ranging from 0.30 to 0.55 dL/g. The normally high softening temperatures and poor solubility of PAIs in organic solvents were improved via the incorporation of the flexible siloxane segments into the polymer backbone. The PAI‐Sis showed glass transition temperatures around 100°C and their 10% mass loss was about 300°C. They have a char yield in the range of 30–40% at 800°C. Calculated limiting oxygen index values of the polymers were about 30; therefore, they can be considered as self‐extinguishing. The dielectric constants of these silane‐containing PAIs (2.5) are lower than common siloxane‐free polyimides (∼ 3). Their good thermal stability, enhanced solubility, and low dielectric constants suggest they may function as electrical insulators. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Solvent‐Free Epoxidation of Olefins Catalyzed by “[MoO2(SAP)]”: A New Mode of tert‐Butylhydroperoxide Activation
Authors: Morlot Julien , Uyttebroeck Nicolas , Agustin Dominique , Poli Rinaldo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe mononuclear molybdenum complexes [MoO2(acac)2] (1, acac=acetylacetonate), [MoO2(SAP)(MeOH)] (2), and dinuclear oxomolybdic complexes [MoO2L]2 [L=salicylideneaminophenolato (SAP, 5), salicylideneaminoethanolato (SAE, 6), salicylideneaminomethylpropanolato (SAMP, 7)] have been investigated as (pre)catalysts for the epoxidation of olefins under solvent‐free conditions, using tert‐butylhydroperoxide (TBHP, 70 % in water) as an oxidant. Complexes 6 and 7, although active, are limited by ligand hydrolysis during the catalytic process, whereas complexes 2 and 5 are not altered under catalytic conditions and yield essentially the same selectivity and activity, which is not suppressed by excess MeOH. Although these catalysts are less active than 1, their selectivity is higher (97–98 %). DFT calculations are consistent with the active form of the catalyst being the 5‐coordinate “[MoO2(SAP)]”. The oxidant is activated by forming a weak adduct stabilized by a very loose Mo⋅⋅⋅O interaction and a hydrogen bond, predisposing it to the oxygen transfer to external olefin by a mechanism closely related to Bartlett’s epoxidation with peroxyacids.
Discovery of 3H‐Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines as Potent c‐Met Kinase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Chen Danqi , Wang Ying , Ma Yuchi , Xiong Bing , Ai Jing , Chen Yi , Geng Meiyu , Shen Jingkang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTo identify novel c‐Met inhibitors, sequences and crystal structures of the human kinome were analyzed to find interesting hinge binders that have been underexplored within the tyrosine kinase subfamily. Through this study, the imidazolopyridine ring was selected as a novel c‐Met hinge‐binding inhibitor scaffold. A series of derivatives was prepared, and the structure–activity relationships were studied. Among these, one compound in particular showed excellent activities in enzymatic and cellular assays, good in vitro metabolic stability, and favorable pharmacokinetic parameters. When administered orally, the compound inhibited tumor growth in an NIH‐3T3/TPR‐Met xenograft model and did not show adverse effects on body weight. The present work not only conceptually demonstrates a new route for designing novel kinase inhibitors by using known structural information of ligand–hinge interactions but also provides a series of imidazolopyridine derivatives as potent c‐Met inhibitors.
The Prospect of FKBP51 as a Drug Target
Authors: Schmidt Mathias V. , Paez‐Pereda Marcelo , Holsboer Florian , Hausch Felix 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51) is best known as an Hsp90‐associated co‐chaperone that regulates the responsiveness of steroid hormone receptors. In human genetic association studies, FKBP51 has repeatedly been associated with emotion processing and numerous stress‐related affective disorders. It has also been implicated in contributing to the glucocorticoid hyposensitivity observed in New World primates. More recently, several research groups have consistently shown a protective effect of FKBP51 knockout or knockdown on stress endocrinology and stress‐coping behavior in animal models of depression and anxiety. The principal druggability of FKBP51 is exemplified by the prototypic FKBP ligands FK506 and rapamycin. Moreover, FKBP51 is highly suited for X‐ray co‐crystallography, which should facilitate the rational drug design of improved FKBP51 ligands. In summary, FKBP51 has emerged as a promising new drug target for stress‐related disorders that should be amenable to drug discovery.
Linking Bacterial Metabolism to Graphite Cathodes: Electrochemical Insights into the H2‐Producing Capability of Desulfovibrio sp.
Authors: Aulenta Federico , Catapano Laura , Snip Laura , Villano Marianna , Majone Mauro 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMicrobial biocathodes allow converting and storing electricity produced from renewable sources in chemical fuels (e.g., H2) and are, therefore, attracting considerable attention as alternative catalysts to more expensive and less available noble metals (notably Pt). Microbial biocathodes for H2 production rely on the ability of hydrogenase‐possessing microorganisms to catalyze proton reduction, with a solid electrode serving as direct electron donor. This study provides new chemical and electrochemical data on the bioelectrocatalytic activity of Desulfovibrio species. A combination of chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy tests were used to assess the performance of the H2‐producing microbial biocathode and to shed light on the involved electron transfer mechanisms. Cells attached onto a graphite electrode were found to catalyze H2 production for cathode potentials more reducing than −900 mV vs. standard hydrogen electrode. The highest obtained H2 production was 8 mmol L−1 per day, with a Coulombic efficiency close to 100 %. The electrochemical performance of the biocathode changed over time probably due to the occurrence of enzyme activation processes induced by extended electrode polarization. Remarkably, H2 (at least up to 20 % v/v) was not found to significantly inhibit its own production.
Assessing lithologic discontinuities and parent material uniformity within the Texas sandy mantle and implications for archaeological burial and preservation potential in upland settings
Authors: Ahr Steven W. , Nordt Lee C. , Driese Steven G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAlfisols within the Texas Gulf Coast Plain commonly exhibit textural contrasts between sandy, artifact-bearing A–E horizons (i.e., sandy mantle), and artifact-sterile clay-rich Bt (argillic) horizons. This has invoked debate about parent material uniformity and pedogenic versus geomorphic sandy mantle origins, which has implications for the scientific value of buried archaeological sites. To improve our understanding of archaeological burial in upland settings, we evaluated parent material uniformity within five pedons to distinguish pedogenically derived textural changes from geomorphologically created lithologic discontinuities. Depth trends in clay-free particle size classes and stable/immobile Ti and Zr constituents failed to reveal lithologic discontinuities between the sandy mantle and Bt horizons, and the observed textural differences are interpreted to have resulted from pedogenic processes. This interpretation is supported by clay skins, fine clay increases in Bt horizons, and micromorphological observations. Consequently, artifacts buried in upland summits have likely moved down the soil profile due to biomantle processes. Deep sandy mantle sites, non-parallel contacts between the sandy mantle and Bt horizons, and paleogullies incised into Eocene bedrock are better explained by colluvial/soil creep processes adjacent to summits, where archaeological materials may exhibit preservation potential. No single explanation can account for sandy mantle origins, and we advocate a case-by-case approach.
Who makes prescribing decisions in hospital inpatients? An observational study
Authors: Ross Sarah , Hamilton Laura , Ryan Cristin , Bond Christine 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Purpose of the study
Errors involving drug prescriptions are a key target for patient safety initiatives. Recent studies have focused on error rates across different grades of doctors in order to target interventions. However, many prescriptions are not instigated by the doctor who writes them. It is important to clarify how often this occurs in order to interpret these studies and create interventions. This study aimed to provisionally quantify and describe prescriptions where the identity of the decision maker and prescription writer differed.

Design of the study
Observational data was collected in six wards, 2 weeks per ward, at a single large UK teaching hospital over a 12-week period from January to April 2011.

Results
In 112/183 (61%) cases where a new medicine was prescribed, the decision maker was not the prescription writer.

Conclusions
Decision making and the writing of prescriptions are generally not undertaken by the same doctor. Moreover, communication about prescriptions is poor. Further research in a larger sample of hospitals is required to confirm generalisability of the results, and to inform educational interventions to reduce error rates.
Children's and Adolescents’ Perspectives on Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Hall Melanie J. , Gibson Barry J. , James Allison , Rodd Helen D. 
Published: May 2012

Objective Children's voices are being increasingly acknowledged in health care research. The aim of this study was to explore children's and young people's perspectives of being born with a cleft lip and/or palate. Design The research took a qualitative approach that consisted of two interviews with each child, drawing on child-centered methodologies and techniques. The initial interview focused on children's general life stories, and these often encompassed a discussion about cleft lip and/or palate. The follow-up interview explored specific aspects of the condition and related treatment. Participants The self-selected sample consisted of 17 children and young people (eight boys, nine girls) with cleft lip and/or palate, aged 8 to 17 years, who received treatment at a dental hospital in the U.K. Results Children's and young people's accounts identified a number of themes including how they became aware that they had been born with the condition, their views of the treatment pathway, and how it related to who they are. Conclusions This study highlights the value of including young people's perspectives in oral health–related research. It has allowed a deeper insight into cleft lip and palate and shows that young people can contribute their views and experiences about services which demonstrate that these could be incorporated into service evaluations.
Privatisation de la « haute police » : comment en explorer l’hypothèse ?
Authors: Ocqueteau Frédéric 
Published: May 2012

L’article prend au pied de la lettre la remarque de Jean-Paul Brodeur en réplique au travail de deux chercheurs britanniques sur la privatisation de la « haute police » (ou police des renseignements). À partir de travaux empiriques menés en France, il discute des connaissances engendrées par le regard jeté sur la diversité des clientèles des agences de sécurité privée et des services internes de sûreté d’entreprises sensibles pouvant faire appel à leurs services. Il argumente sur le caractère délicat de l’hypothèse d’une privatisation de l’information détenue par les diverses agences de renseignements de l’État, attribut de souveraineté non véritablement entamé. La révolution qui convertirait le coût du renseignement public (militaire ou policier) protégeant les institutions en prix à payer au renseignement privé protégeant la sécurité de l’entreprise et celle de ses clients n’a pas véritablement commencé. On peut néanmoins en repérer quelques prémisses parmi les agences dites « d’intelligence économique », bien que la plupart de leurs contrats soient liés aux industries de l’armement contrôlées par les états-majors du ministère de la Défense.
Raffination von Pflanzenölen für die Chemie durch Olefinmetathese
Authors: Chikkali Samir , Mecking Stefan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPflanzenöle sind vielversprechende Substrate für die chemische Industrie. Ihr Anwendungsbereich in der Produktion von Chemikalien kann durch moderne katalytische Verfahren erweitert werden. Ein illustratives Beispiel für die allgemeinen Erfordernisse der “Bioraffination” zu Chemikalien ist die Olefinmetathese. Um diese Reaktion in industriellem Maßstab nutzen zu können, werden hoch aktive Katalysatoren benötigt, wodurch die Wahl der Metathesereaktion bestimmt wird. Die Mischung verschiedener Fettsäuren in technischen Pflanzenölen führt zu einer Vielzahl von Produkten. Diese Tatsache hat entscheidenden Einfluss auf das Verfahrensschema und kann zu neuen Chemikalien und Zwischenprodukten führen, die bisher noch nicht genutzt werden.
Vinyl‐addition type norbornene copolymer containing sulfonated biphenyl pendant groups for proton exchange membranes
Authors: Chen Lie , Wang Xiaofeng , He Xiaohui , Liu Shufang , Chen Yiwang , Zhou Weihua 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe vinyl addition type copolymer poly(butoxymethylene norbornene‐co‐biphenyl oxyhexamethyleneoxymethylene norbornene) (P(BN/BphN)) was synthesized by using bis‐(β‐ketonaphthylimino)nickel(II)/B(C6F5)3catalytic system. P(BN/BphN) was sulfonated to give sulfonated P(BN/BphN) (SP(BN/BphN)) with concentrated sulfuric acid (98%) as sulfonating agent in a component solvent. The ion exchange capacity (IEC), degree of sulfonation (DS), water uptake, and methanol permeability of the SP(BN/BphN)s were increased with the sulfonated time. The methanol permeability of the SP(BN/BphN) membranes was in the range of 1.8 × 10−7to 7.5 × 10−7cm2/s, which were lower than the value 1.3 × 10−6cm2/s of Nafion®115. The proton conductivity of SP(BN/BphN) membranes increased with the increase of IEC values, temperature, and water uptake. Water uptake of the SP(BN/BphN) membranes was lower than that of Nafion® 115 and leads to low proton conduction. Microscopic phase separation occurred in SP(BN/BphN) membrane and domains containing sulfonic acid groups were investigated by SEM and TEM. SP(BN/BphN) membranes had good mechanical properties, high thermal stability, and excellent oxidative stability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Study of the Mechanism of Catalytic Activity of G. Sulfurreducens Biofilm Anodes during Biofilm Growth
Authors: Strycharz‐Glaven Sarah M. , Tender Leonard M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe number of investigations involving bioelectrochemical systems (BES), processes in which microorganisms catalyze electrode reactions, is increasing while their mechanisms remain unresolved. Geobacter sulfurreducens strain DL1 is a model electrode catalyst that forms multimicrobe‐thick biofilms on anodes that catalyze the oxidation of acetate to result in an electric current. Here, we report the characterization by cyclic voltammetry (CV) of DL1 biofilm‐modified anodes (biofilm anodes) performed during biofilm development. This characterization, based on our recently reported model of biofilm anode catalytic activity, indicates the following. 1) As a biofilm grows, catalytic activity scales linearly with the amount of anode‐accessible redox cofactor in the biofilm. This observation is consistent with a catalytic activity that is limited during biofilm growth by electron transport from within cells to the extracellular redox cofactor. 2) Distinct voltammetric features are exhibited that reflect the presence of a redox cofactor expressed by cells that initially colonize an anode that is not involved in catalytic current generation