bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postgraduate fellows as teaching assistants in human anatomy: An experimental teaching model at a Chinese research university
Authors: Cheng Xiao , Wang Lin , Guo Kaihua , Liu Shu , Li Feng , Chu Guoliang , Zhou Li‐Hua 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPostgraduate fellowship training programs are expanding at Chinese universities. This growing cadre of advanced trainees calls for the development of new learning and training models wherein postgraduate fellows have an ample opportunity to teach more junior learners, thereby expanding their own knowledge base and competitiveness for future employment. Educational reform at Sun Yat‐Sen University has recently allowed postgraduate fellows to act as teaching assistants for undergraduate anatomy courses. This model is common in western countries but is novel in China. Anat Sci Educ. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Non‐linear mixed effect modeling of the time‐variant disposition of erythropoietin in anemic cancer patients
Authors: Ait‐Oudhia Sihem , Vermeulen An , Krzyzanski Wojciech 
Published: December 2010

AbstractChemotherapy‐induced anemia is a frequent complication in cancer treatment. The aim was to develop a pharmacokinetic (PK) model that describes the time‐dependent decline of epoetin alfa (rHuEPO) clearance following thrice (t.i.w.) or once (q.w.) weekly subcutaneous injections in cancer patients using a population PK approach. Serum concentrations of rHuEPO were available retrospectively from a phase I study. A one‐compartment model with first‐order elimination described rHuEPO PK. Sequential zero‐ and first‐order (ka) processes with duration (tlag) characterized the absorption. Population PK analysis was performed using NONMEM. The influence of several covariates was tested. Model evaluation was performed using visual predictive check. Precision of parameter estimates was assessed by standard errors and confidence intervals determined by bootstrap analysis. Apparent clearance (CL/F) and volume of distribution (Vc/F) were 25.6% lower and 29.2% higher for q.w. than t.i.w. groups. RHuEPO was absorbed for 10% during 24.6 h through the zero‐order process. Following which 90% of the dose was absorbed through the first‐order process withkaof 0.033 h−1. The most significant covariates were the time‐dependent decrease ofCL/Fwith an increase in body weight, a decrease in reticulocyte count, a decrease in hemoglobin baseline, an increase in total number of chemotherapy cycles, and platinum‐containing chemotherapy. AGE served as an important covariate onFRACandka. Visual predictive check showed no deviation from observed values. The PK model adequately predicted rHuEPO concentration‐profiles in all individuals. Relevant covariates were identified and incorporated into the model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient and rapid transgenic pollen screening and detection method using flow cytometry
Authors: Moon Hong S. , Eda Shigetoshi , Saxton Arnold M. , Ow David W. , Stewart C. Neal 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAssaying for transgenic pollen, a major vector of transgene flow, provides valuable information and essential data for the study of gene flow and assessing the effectiveness of transgene containment. Most studies have employed microscopic screening methods or progeny analyses to estimate the frequency of transgenic pollen. However, these methods are time‐consuming and laborious when large numbers of pollen grains must be analyzed to look for rare transgenic pollen grains. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of a simple, rapid, and high throughput analysis method for transgenic pollen analysis. In this study, our objective was to determine the accuracy of using flow cytometry technology for transgenic pollen quantification in practical application where transgenic pollen is not frequent. A suspension of non‐transgenic tobacco pollen was spiked with a known amount of verified transgenic tobacco pollen synthesizing low or high amounts of green fluorescent protein (GFP). The flow cytometric method detected approximately 75% and 100% of pollen grains synthesizing low and high amounts of GFP, respectively. The method is rapid, as it is able to count 5000 pollen grains per minute‐long run. Our data indicate that this flow cytometric method is useful to study gene flow and assessment of transgene containment.
Use of a centrifugal bioreactor for cartilaginous tissue formation from isolated chondrocytes
Authors: Detzel Christopher J. , Van Wie Bernard J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAlthough a centrifugal bioreactor (CCBR) supports high‐density mammalian suspension cell cultures by balancing drag, buoyancy, and centrifugal forces, to date anchorage‐dependent cultures have not been tried. Also, steady or intermittent hydrostatic pressures of 8 to 500 kPa, and shears of 0.02 to 1.4 N/m2 can be simultaneously applied in the CCBR. This article demonstrates the use of a CCBR to stimulate chondrogenesis in a high‐density culture. At 3 weeks, histological results show even distribution of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen, with 1,890 ± 270 cells/mm2 cell densities that exceed those of 1,470 ± 270 in pellet cultures. Analysis of collagen content reveals similar levels for all treatment groups; 6.8 ± 3.5 and 5.0 ± 0.4 μg collagen/μg DNA for 0.07 and 0.26 MPa CCBR cultures, respectively, in contrast to 6.6 ± 1.9 values for control pellet cultures. GAG levels of 5.6 ± 1.5 and 4.1 ± 0.9 μg GAG /μg DNA are present for cultures stressed at 0.07 and 0.26 MPa, respectively, in comparison to control pellet cultures at the 8.4 ± 0.9 level. Although results to date have not revealed mechanical stress combinations that stimulate chondrogenesis over unstressed controls, system advantages include continuous culture at cell densities above those in the pellet, precise medium control, the ability to independently vary multiple mechanical stresses over a broad range, and the flexibility for integration of scaffold features for future chondrogenesis stimulation studies. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Designed Spiro‐Bicyclic Analogues Targeting the Ribosomal Decoding Center
Authors: Cottin Thomas , Pyrkotis Constantina , Stathakis Christos I. , Mavridis Ioannis , Katsoulis Ioannis A. , Anastasopoulou Panoula , Kythreoti Georgia , Zografos Alexandros L. , Nahmias Victoria R. , Papakyriakou Athanasios , Vourloumis Dionisios 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe bacterial ribosome represents the confirmed biological target for many known antibiotics that interfere with bacterial protein synthesis. Aminoglycosides represent a lead paradigm in RNA molecular recognition and constitute ideal starting points for the design and synthesis of novel RNA binders. Previous rational design approaches of RNA‐targeting small molecules have been mainly concentrated on direct functionalization of aminoglycosidic substructures. Herein, we successfully designed and synthesized rigid spirocyclic scaffolds locked in a predicted ribosome‐bound “bioactive” conformation. These analogues are able to mimic many of the interactions of the natural products for the A‐site, as proven by their obtained binding affinities. The development of an optimized approach for their synthesis and their potential to inhibit protein production in vitro are presented. Our results could be further utilized for the development of analogues with improved antibiotic profiles.
Working with women prisoners who seriously harm themselves: Ratings of staff expressed emotion (EE)
Authors: Moore Estelle , Andargachew Sara , Taylor Pamela J 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground Prison staff are repeatedly exposed to prisoners' suicidal behaviours; this may impair their capacity to care. Expressed emotion (EE), as a descriptor of the ‘emotional climate’ between people, has been associated with challenging behaviour in closed environments, but not previously applied to working alliances in a prison.Aims To investigate the feasibility of rating EE between staff and suicidal women in prison; to test the hypothesis that most such staff–inmate alliances would be rated high EE.Methods All regular staff on two small UK prison units with high suicidal behaviour rates were invited to participate. An audiotaped five‐minute speech sample (FMSS) about work with one nominated suicidal prisoner was embedded in a longer research interview, then rated by two trained raters, independent of the interview process and the prison.Results Seven prison officers and 8 clinically qualified staff completed interviews; 3 refused, but 17 others were not interviewed, reasons including not having worked long enough with any one such prisoner. Participants and non‐participants had similar relevant backgrounds. Contrary to our hypothesis, EE ratings were generally ‘low’. As predicted, critical comments were directed at high frequency oppositional behaviour.Conclusions EE assessments with prison staff are feasible, but our sample was small and turnover of prisoners high, so the study needs replication. Attributions about problem behaviour to illness, and/or traumatic life experience, tend to confirm generally supportive working relationships in this sample. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DFT/TDDFT Investigation of the Modulation of Photochromic Properties in an Organoboron‐Based Diarylethene by Fluoride Ions
Authors: Liu Shujuan , Sun Shi , Wang Chuanming , Zhao Qiang , Sun Huibin , Li Fuyou , Fan Quli , Huang Wei 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe diarylethene derivative 1,2‐bis‐(5′‐dimesitylboryl‐2′‐methylthieny‐3′‐yl)‐cyclopentene (1) containing dimesitylboryl groups is an interesting photochromic material. The dimesitylboryl groups can bind to F−, which tunes the optical and electronic properties of the diarylethene compound. Hence, the diarylethene derivative 1 containing dimesitylboryl groups is sensitive to both light and F−, and its photochromic properties can be tuned by a fluoride ion. Herein, we studied the substituent effect of dimesitylboron groups on the optical properties of both the closed‐ring and open‐ring isomers of the diarylethene molecule by DFT/TDDFT calculations and found that these methods are reliable for the determination of the lowest singlet excitation energies of diarylethene compounds. The introduction of dimesitylboron groups to the diarylethene compound can elongate its conjugation length and change the excited‐state properties from π→π* transition to a charge‐transfer state. This explains the modulation of photochromic properties through the introduction of dimesitylboron groups. Furthermore, the photochromic properties can be tuned through the binding of F− to a boron center and the excited state of the diarylethene compound is changed from a charge‐transfer state to a π→π* transition. Hence, a subtle control of the photochromic spectroscopic properties was realized. In addition, the changes of electronic characteristics by the isomerization reaction of diarylethene compounds were also investigated with theoretical calculations. For the model compound 2 without dimesitylboryl groups, the closed‐ring isomer has better hole‐ and electron‐injection abilities, as well as higher charge‐transport rates, than the open‐ring isomer. The introduction of dimesitylboron groups to diarylethene can dramatically improve the charge‐injection and ‐transport abilities. The closed isomer of compound 1 (1 C) has the best hole‐ and electron‐injection abilities, whereas the charge‐transport rates of the open isomer of compound 1 (1 O) are higher than those of 1 C. Importantly, 1 O is an electron‐accepting and ‐transport material. These results show that the diarylethene compound containing dimesitylboryl groups has promising potential to be applied in optoelectronic devices and thus is worth to be further investigated.
Informing resource allocation decision making: economic evaluations of pharmacogenetic tests
Authors: Payne Katherine , Gurwitz David 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn some countries, economic evaluations now have a prominent role and provide information to use in resource allocation decisions for health care technologies and interventions. This editorial describes the importance of understanding the degree and extent of uncertainty in a published economic evaluation. Some countries have diverted considerable resources toward health technology assessments (HTAs) and appraisals of health care interventions using deliberative decision‐making processes. However, given the scarcity of health care resources on a global scale, there is a growing need to support other countries that do not have the skill base or considerable resources needed to conduct their own HTAs and appraisal of the evidence. As a minimum, it is vital that individual countries are able to understand the relevance of published economic evaluation of an intervention, such as a pharmacogenetic test, to their own practice. Careful appraisal of the relevance of the findings is crucial before decision makers decide that a particular pharmacogenetic test is an appropriate use of scarce health care resources in their country. Drug Dev Res 71: 445–448, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serglycin inhibits the classical and lectin pathways of complement via its glycosaminoglycan chains: Implications for multiple myeloma
Authors: Skliris Antonis , Happonen Kaisa E. , Terpos Evangelos , Labropoulou Vassiliki , Børset Magne , Heinegård Dick , Blom Anna M. , Theocharis Achilleas D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSerglycin (SG) is a proteoglycan expressed by hematopoietic cells and is constitutively secreted by multiple myeloma (MM) cells. SG participates in the regulation of various inflammatory events. We found that SG secreted by human MM cell lines inhibits both the classical and lectin pathways of complement, without influencing alternative pathway activity. The inhibitory effect of SG is due to direct interactions with C1q and mannose‐binding lectin (MBL). C1q‐binding is mediated through the glycosaminoglycan moieties of SG, whereas MBL binds additionally to SG protein core. Interactions between SG and C1q as well as MBL are diminished in the presence of chondroitin sulfate type E. In addition, we localized the SG‐binding site to the collagen‐like stalk of C1q. Interactions between SG and C1q as well as MBL are ionic in character and only the interaction with MBL was found to be partially dependent on the presence of calcium. We found the serum levels of SG to be elevated in patients with MM compared to healthy controls. Moreover, we found that SG expressed from myeloma plasma cells protects these cells from complement activation induced by treatment with anti‐thymocyte immunoglobulins. This might protect myeloma cells during immunotherapy and promote survival of malignant cells.
Evaluation of the controls affecting the quality of spatial data derived from historical aerial photographs
Authors: Walstra Jan , Chandler Jim H. , Dixon Neil , Wackrow Rene 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the fundamental controls affecting the quality of data derived from historical aerial photographs typically used in geomorphological studies. A short review is provided of error sources introduced into the photogrammetric workflow. Data‐sets from two case‐studies provided a variety of source data and hence a good opportunity to evaluate the influence of the quality of archival material on the accuracy of coordinated points. Based on the statistical weights assigned to the measurements, precision of the data was estimated a priori, while residuals of independent checkpoints provided an a posteriori measure of data accuracy. Systematic discrepancies between the two values indicated that the routinely used stochastic model was incorrect and overoptimistic. Optimized weighting factors appeared significantly larger than previously used (and accepted) values. A test of repeat measurements explained the large uncertainties associated with the use of natural objects for ground control. This showed that the random errors not only appeared to be much larger than values accepted for appropriately controlled and targeted photogrammetric networks, but also small undetected gross errors were induced through the ‘misidentification’ of points. It is suggested that the effects of such ‘misidentifications’ should be reflected in the stochastic model through selection of more realistic weighting factors of both image and ground measurements. Using the optimized weighting factors, the accuracy of derived data can now be more truly estimated, allowing the suitability of the imagery to be judged before purchase and processing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategy evaluation: Experience at the International Development Research Centre
Authors: Wind Tricia , Carden Fred 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis chapter examines how the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) has framed and used strategic evaluations. Drawing from IDRC's experience, the authors look at Henry Mintzberg's ideas on strategy formation, and explore potential implications for evaluation in an organization that resembles what Mintzberg calls an “adhocracy.” The International Development Research Centre is a Canadian Crown Corporation that supports research in developing countries and undertakes evaluative work at different levels: strategic evaluations, program and project evaluation, and ongoing learning. “Strategic” evaluations examine issues that cut across the Centre's 18 programs. They have focused on programming modalities and broad corporate result areas like capacity building and policy influence. In a decentralized, utilization‐focused approach to evaluation, IDRC has taken the view that strategic‐level evaluation requires separate studies, as opposed to rolling up data from program or project evaluations. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Influence of shift work in process industry on workers' occupational health, productivity, and family and social life: An ergonomic approach
Authors: Dhande Kishor K. , Sharma Sunil 
Published: December 2010

AbstractShift work is a major feature of modern work practices. It involves working at times considered unconventional for most workers, such as at night. Although the community often benefits from such work practices, shift work can be hazardous for both the workers and the community. There are increased risks for accidents and errors, increased sleepiness and fatigue due to difficulties sleeping, increased health problems, and disruptions to family and social life. More shift workers complained of sleep disturbance, poor sleep quality, tiredness at awakening, and sleepiness in work than did non‐shift workers. More shift workers also complained of gastrointestinal disturbances than did non‐shift workers. The aim of this article is to provide general information on shift work, work schedules, and the effects of work schedules on sleep, fatigue, performance, the health of the human operator, and productivity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Designing and evaluating a crew resource management training for manufacturing industries
Authors: Marquardt Nicki , Robelski Swantje , Jenkins Gwendolen Gwyneth 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article presents the evaluation of crew resource management (CRM) training specifically designed for employees within manufacturing industries. The central objective of this training program was to improve teamwork, communication, and stress management skills as well as to increase the workers' situational awareness of potential errors that can occur during the manufacturing process. Eighty employees, all of whom were working in a production unit for gearbox manufacturing, participated in the training program in this study. Effectiveness of the CRM training course was evaluated. The results showed a significant improvement in a wide range of CRM‐relevant categories, especially in teamwork‐related skills, in addition to an increase in the workers' situational awareness after the training program. When comparing the data regarding human error occurring in gear production that were derived from the trained group and a control group, mixed results were produced. Based on the results, it can be stated that CRM training, which was originally developed for the aviation industry, can be transferred to the manufacturing industry. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dissecting hospital quality. Antecedents of clinical and perceived quality in hospitals
Authors: García‐Lacalle Javier , Bachiller Patricia 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYClinical quality (CQ) and patient satisfaction (PS) are key elements on the agenda of European public healthcare systems. This paper seeks to explore the relationship between CQ and PS, at hospital level, as freedom of hospital choice may lead to a trade‐off between them. In addition, the paper studies the influence of some factors—location, size, case‐mix, length of stay and occupancy rate (OR)—on hospital clinical and perceived quality. Correlation analyses and the linear mixed‐effect methodology are used. The study focuses on the Andalusian Health Service, one of the biggest European public health services, and covers the years from 2002 to 2006. The results indicate that CQ and perceived quality are not related. The ‘volume‐expertise’ effect is not confirmed in our study, but we find a ‘complexity‐expertise’ effect, i.e. attending more complex cases may improve CQ. Shorter hospitalizations and higher ORs might negatively affect CQ. Location, size, case‐mix and ORs significantly affect PS. Hospitals with better patient assessments might attract patients without providing a better clinical care. Caution should be taken when evaluating hospital performance and implementing reforms to improve hospital efficiency as quality may be harmed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of water conveyance loss in the ahmetli regulator irrigation system in the lower Gediz Basin Turkey
Authors: Kilic Murat , Tuylu Gokhan I. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDetermining the water conveyance loss in large‐scale irrigation systems is important not only from the points of view of irrigation programming and optimum allocation of deficit resources but also for the sustainable operation of the system. The aim of this investigation is to determine the conveyance losses of the concrete‐lined main secondary and tertiary canals in the Right Bank Irrigation System of the Ahmetli Regulator in the Gediz Basin Turkey. The investigation was carried out according to the inflow–outflow method. Average conveyance losses of the main (0.067 l s−1 m−2) secondary (0.119 l s−1 m−2) and tertiary canals (0.030 l s−1 m−2) were found to be higher than either the average conveyance loss of Turkey or the seepage standard of the Bureau of Reclamation. It may be suggested that associations responsible for maintenance repair and operation of the system can be supported financially to reduce conveyance loss. Apart from this application of new technologies with lower cost to the systems will reduce conveyance losses. In addition the participation of farmers in the maintenance of the network will ensure that the system is used more rationally. In this way most of the operational problems of the system can be solved. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.