bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simvastatin attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury in mice
Authors: Müller Holger C , Hellwig Katharina , Rosseau Simone , Tschernig Thomas , Schmiedl Andreas , Gutbier Birgitt , Schmeck Bernd , Hippenstiel Stefan , Peters Harm , Morawietz Lars , Suttorp Norbert , Witzenrath Martin 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life saving intervention in acute respiratory failure without alternative. However, particularly in pre-injured lungs, even protective ventilation strategies may evoke ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), which is characterized by pulmonary inflammation and vascular leakage. Adjuvant pharmacologic strategies in addition to lung protective ventilation to attenuate VILI are lacking. Simvastatin exhibited anti-inflammatory and endothelial barrier stabilizing properties in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
Mice were ventilated (12 ml/kg; six hours) and subjected to simvastatin (20 mg/kg) or sham treatment. Pulmonary microvascular leakage, oxygenation, pulmonary and systemic neutrophil and monocyte counts and cytokine release in lung and blood plasma were assessed. Further, lung tissue was analyzed by electron microscopy.

Results
Mechanical ventilation induced VILI, displayed by increased pulmonary microvascular leakage and endothelial injury, pulmonary recruitment of neutrophils and Gr-1high monocytes, and by liberation of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs. Further, VILI associated systemic inflammation characterized by blood leukocytosis and elevated plasma cytokines was observed. Simvastatin treatment limited pulmonary endothelial injury, attenuated pulmonary hyperpermeability, prevented the recruitment of leukocytes to the lung, reduced pulmonary cytokine levels and improved oxygenation in mechanically ventilated mice.

Conclusions
High-dose simvastatin attenuated VILI in mice by reducing MV-induced pulmonary inflammation and hyperpermeability.
The mechanical power output of the pectoralis muscle of cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus): thein vivomuscle length trajectory and activity patterns and their implications for power modulation
Authors: Morris Charlotte R. , Askew Graham N. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIn order to meet the varying demands of flight, pectoralis muscle power output must be modulated. In birds with pectoralis muscles with a homogeneous fibre type composition, power output can be modulated at the level of the motor unit (via changes in muscle length trajectory and the pattern of activation), at the level of the muscle (via changes in the number of motor units recruited), and at the level of the whole animal (through the use of intermittent flight). Pectoralis muscle length trajectory and activity patterns were measured in vivo in the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) at a range of flight speeds (0–16 m s−1) using sonomicrometry and electromyography. The work loop technique was used to measure the mechanical power output of a bundle of fascicles isolated from the pectoralis muscle during simulated in vivo length change and activity patterns. The mechanical power–speed relationship was U-shaped, with a 2.97-fold variation in power output (40–120 W kg−1). In this species, modulation of neuromuscular activation is the primary strategy utilised to modulate pectoralis muscle power output. Maximum in vivo power output was 22% of the maximum isotonic power output (533 W kg−1) and was generated at a lower relative shortening velocity (0.28Vmax) than the maximum power output during isotonic contractions (0.34Vmax). It seems probable that the large pectoralis muscle strains result in a shift in the optimal relative shortening velocity in comparison with the optimum during isotonic contractions as a result of length–force effects.
FPGA Fault Tolerance in Particle Physics Experiments
Authors: Gebelein Jano , Engel Heiko , Kebschull Udo 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The behavior of matter in extreme physical conditions is in focus of many high-energy-physics experiments. For this purpose, high energy charged particles (ions) are collided with each other and energy- or baryon densities are created similar to those at the beginning of the universe or to those which can be found in the center of neutron stars. In both cases a plasma of quarks and gluons (QGP) is present, which decomposes to hadrons within a short period of time. At this process, particles are formed, which allow statements about the beginning of the universe when captured by large detectors, but which also lead to the massive occurrence of hardware failures within the detector´s electronic devices. This article is about methods to mitigate radiation susceptibility for Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), enabling them to be used within particle detector systems to directly gain valid data in the readout chain or to be used as Detector-Control-System (DCS).
DFG Priority Programme 1305: Control Theory of Digitally Networked Dynamical Systems
Authors: Lunze Jan , Stöcker Christian 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The application of modern means of communication, like wireless LAN or Ethernet, enables novel concepts and structures for control engineering. Data can be transmitted between sensors, actuators, and controllers over long distances. Information can even be exchanged between moving objects which was impossible in conventional point to point wired realizations of control loops. However, besides these advantages the use of networks within a control loop also brings up new challenges due to nondeterministic effects like delays and dropouts of data packets. But for yet, there does not exist a theory for the modeling, analysis and design of such complex systems. The connection of several components of a control loop over a communication network represents a digitally networked dynamical system, which is subject of the Priority Programme 1305 “Control Theory of Digitally Networked Dynamical Systems”. The goal of this priority programme, which is founded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) over a period of six years, is to develop a comprehensive theory for this new class of systems. Here, three defined cross-sectional issues are worked out by 13 research groups and their solutions are experimentally proved in demonstration and benchmark processes. Within this priority programme several research groups from the disciplines of control engineering, mathematics and information technology cooperate.
Cognitive dimensions of creativity: What makes the difference between creative and non-creative university students?
Authors: de Fátima Morais Maria , Almeida Leandro , Azevedo Maria , Nęcka Edward 
Published: July 2010

Cognitive dimensions of creativity: What makes the difference between creative and non-creative university students?
This paper analyses the contribution of specific cognitive functions on creative performance. The main question was which cognitive variables differentiate extreme levels of creative performance and therefore can characterize highly creative college students. A sample of Portuguese university students of Fine Arts and Literature (n=166) took part in this study. A battery of verbal and figural cognitive tasks, as well as two kinds of creative tasks (text and poster production) have been considered. Results showed that there were mostly the same cognitive dimensions (figurative reasoning, divergent thinking, insight problem solving, and problem-finding), which differentiate extreme levels of creative performance in both text and poster productions. These results are discussed considering the relevance of the cognitive approach to explain creativity. Some practical ideas, possible to put into the educational context, are also discussed.
Situational Determinants of Envy and Schadenfreude
Authors: Piskorz Joanna , Piskorz Zbigniew 
Published: July 2010

Situational Determinants of Envy and Schadenfreude
In this article the results of research on situational determinants of envy and schadenfreude are presented. Based on a literature review conducted, five hypotheses were devised concerning various situational factors influencing the intensity of envy and schadenfreude. The questionnaire used in the research was devised on the basis of interactional psychology and measured envy and schadenfreude. Situational dimensions concerned in the research were type of relation (close vs. distant/strange person) and the level of justice vs. injustice of the situation. 248 people participated in the research. Devised hypotheses were confirmed. Empirical results point out that along with expectations, the strongest envy is experienced in situations with subjectively perceived elements of injustice and towards distant acquaintances and strangers. The strongest schadenfreude was experienced by participants finding the situation of a stranger justifiable. It also occurred that women react with stronger envy in situations of the unjust success of a stranger whereas men, regardless of the situation, experience stronger schadenfreude in situations of the failure of a close as well as an unknown person.
Effectiveness of school-based smoking prevention programmes
Authors: Koprivnikar Helena 
Published: July 2010

Učinkovitost Programov Preprečevanja Kajenja V Šolah
S kajenjem začnejo odrasli redni kadilci skorajda vedno v obdobju adolescence. Pomembno je torej, da se usmerjamo v preprečevanje kajenja med otroki in mladostniki. Programi preprečevanja kajenja v šolah so eden od učinkovitih pristopov za doseganje tovrstnih ciljev. Veliko število raziskav potrjuje, da so programi preprečevanja kajenja med mladostniki v šolskem okolju zmerno in kratkoročno učinkoviti. O dolgoročnih učinkih teh programov je zaenkrat na voljo premalo podatkov, kljub temu pa obstajajo dokazi, da lahko intenzivnejši in obsezKnejši programi učinkujejo vse do konca najstniških let.
V Sloveniji velika večina slovenskih osnovnih šol izvaja različne tovrstne programe in dejavnosti. Napogosteje izvajajo program "Spodbujajmo nekajenje". Programi se večinoma izvajajo na prostovoljni ravni, kar ne zagotavlja dolgoročnega izvajanja programov in vrednotenja njihove učinkovitosti. Za enotno in sistematično izvajanje, razvoj in vrednotenje tovrstnih programov in vsebin je potrebno poskrbeti tudi v Sloveniji.
The vision of health centers in Slovenia
Authors: Klančar Darinka , Švab Igor , Kersnik Janko 
Published: July 2010

Vizija Prihodnosti Zdravstvenih Domov V Sloveniji
Članek predstavlja teoretična izhodišča za posodobitev zdravstvenih domov v Sloveniji. Novi zdravstveni dom naj bi ohranil svoje poslanstvo in osnovna izhodišča, nadgradili pa bi ga z novimi vsebinami, ki jih prinaša moderna druzKba.
Zdravstveni dom naj bi postal sodobni integrirani socialnomedicinski center, v skladu z novimi usmeritvami center za promocijo zdravja s poudarkom na preventivi skrbi za zdravje.
Concurrent or sequential development of medial meniscal and subchondral cystic lesions within the medial femorotibial joint in horses (1996–2006)
Authors: HENDRIX S. M. , BAXTER G. M. , Mc ILWRAITH C. W. , HENDRICKSON D. A. , GOODRICH L. R. , FRISBIE D. D. , TROTTER G. W. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:Medial meniscal injuries and subchondral cystic lesions (SCL) are known to occur independently within the medial femorotibial (MFT) joint in horses. However, there are no reports of a potential clinical relationship between these 2 types of lesions.Objectives:To: 1) document the concurrent presence or sequential development of medial meniscal and SCL of the medial femoral condyle within the MFT joint; and 2) determine the prognosis with both types of lesions.Methods:Retrospective case series of horses with both a medial meniscal and SCL of the medial femoral condyle identified concurrently or sequentially by radiography, arthroscopy orpost mortemexamination. Case records and radiographs were reviewed, and a telephone survey of referring veterinarians, owners and trainers was conducted.Results:Twenty‐one horses (9.1% of all horses undergoing MFT joint arthroscopy) were identified to have both a medial meniscal injury and SCL of the medial femoral condyle. Thirteen horses had both abnormalities identified concurrently, 6 developed a meniscal lesion subsequent to SCL debridement, and 2 developed a SCL subsequent to a medial meniscal injury. Only 4/19 horses were classified as successful and returned to their intended use. The severity of the meniscal injury was significantly associated with the severity of lameness but not with outcome.Conclusions:A low percentage of horses may develop both a meniscal injury and SCL of the medial femoral condyle within the MFT joint and have a poor prognosis.Potential relevance:Trauma to the MFT joint may lead to both meniscal and subchondral bone damage of the medial femoral condyle that may be recognised concurrently or sequentially.
Monitoring bacterial contamination in equine platelet concentrates obtained by the tube method in a clean laboratory environment under three different technical conditions
Authors: ÁLVAREZ M. E. , GIRALDO C. E. , CARMONA J. U. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:There is a growing interest in the use of autologous platelet concentrates (PCs) as treatment for chronic musculoskeletal diseases in horses. However, there is no information on the risk of bacterial contamination during their preparation.Objectives:To: 1) assess the risk of bacterial contamination in equine PCs obtained by the tube method under 3 technical conditions: a) in a laminar flow cabinet, in a clean laboratory environment both with (b) and without (c) Bunsen burner; 2) identify the critical points of the process of PCs preparation with risk of bacterial contamination; and 3) identify the potential bacterial contaminants in the process and their antibiotic susceptibility.Methods:Bacteriological samples were taken from: the skin (shaved or unshaved) of the venipuncture site in 15 horses, both before and after being disinfected; hands and throat of the operator; caps of the tubes where the blood was processed; environment where the equine blood samples were collected; laboratory environment; laminar flow cabinet; bacteriological stove; and PCs obtained under 3 technical conditions.Results:Bacteria were isolated from nonaseptically prepared equine skin, hands and throat of the operator, and the place where the blood samples were taken. Bacteria were not isolated from tube caps, laboratory environment, laminar flow cabinet or PCs. The isolated bacteria were normal biota from equine skin, human skin and throat, and environmental contaminants. Of the isolated bacteria, 23% were resistant to penicillin, 19% to ampicillin, 2.12% to ceftiofur, 3.2% to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim and 1.1% to enrofloxacin. Resistance to amikacin and gentamicin was not seen.Conclusions and potential relevance:Uncontaminated PCs can be obtained by the tube method in a clean laboratory environment without the need for either a laminar flow cabinet or a Bunsen burner. It is mandatory to perform the procedure following strict aseptic technique.
Use of ultrasound to evaluate outcome following colic surgery for equine large colon volvulus
Authors: SHEATS M. K. , COOK V. L. , JONES S. L. , BLIKSLAGER A. T. , PEASE A. P. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:The post operative response of the large colon wall after a surgically corrected large colon volvulus (LCV) has not been investigated.Objectives:To use transabdominal ultrasound to monitor the post operative change in large colon wall thickness following surgical correction of LCV.Hypothesis:A prolonged period to colon wall involution is correlated with an increased rate of post operative morbidity and mortality.Methods:A prospective clinical study including horses that presented to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for colic between September 2006 and March, 2008, had surgically diagnosed and corrected LCV (at least 360°) without resection and recovered from anaesthesia. Ultrasound of the ventral large colon was performed at the time of anaesthetic recovery and every 6–8 h until the colon wall returned to normal thickness (≤5 mm). Outcome was evaluated using a one‐way ANOVA to compare average time to colon wall involution between: 1) survivors and nonsurvivors; and 2) horses that developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) during the post operative period and those that recovered without evidence of MODS.Results:Sixteen horses that recovered without evidence of MODS had a significantly shorter period to colon wall involution (≤5 mm) compared to those diagnosed with MODS (mean ± s.e. 19.6 h ± 2.5 and 39.7 h ± 6.7 respectively, P = 0.006). There was no significant difference in mean period to colon wall involution between survivors and nonsurvivors (26.2 ± 4.9 and 33.2 ± 7.8 h, respectively).Conclusions:A shorter time to colon wall involution was associated with decreased post operative morbidity in horses presented for surgical correction of large colon volvulus without resection.Potential relevance:Ultrasonographic monitoring of colon wall involution after surgical correction of LCV may aid in identifying those cases at risk of MODS. Further investigation of colon wall involution time using a larger number of horses is warranted.
Are horses that undergo an exploratory laparotomy for correction of a right dorsal displacement of the large colon predisposed to post operative colic, compared to other forms of large colon displacement?
Authors: SMITH L. J. , MAIR T. S. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryReason for performing study:It is a clinical impression that horses diagnosed with a right dorsal displacement (RDD) of the large colon, are more likely to suffer from recurrent episodes of colic post operatively, compared to other forms of nonstrangulating large colon displacement.Objectives:To investigate whether the type of nonstrangulating large colon displacement identified at exploratory laparotomy would influence long‐term outcome.Hypothesis:Horses identified with a RDD of the large colon at exploratory laparotomy would be more likely to experience recurrent episodes of post operative colic than other types of displacement.Materials and methods:Medical records for horses undergoing an exploratory laparotomy, from 2000–2008, for a nonstrangulating large colon displacement were reviewed. Data retrieved included: subject details, previous medical history, details of current episodes of colic, results of preoperative examination, surgical findings and procedures, post operative management and complications. Follow‐up information was obtained by reference to computerised clinical records and by telephone questionnaire administered to the horse's owner or carer, and included details of any colic episodes exhibited by the horse after discharge and whether a repeat celiotomy had been required to resolve the colic episodes.Results:There were 165 surgeries identified, in 154 horses. It was found that those horses with RDD were significantly more likely to experience recurrent episodes of colic requiring veterinary intervention post operatively compared to other types of displacement.Clinical relevance:Long‐term prognosis and likelihood of post operative complications is an important consideration for both owners and veterinarians.
Endoparasite control management on horse farms – lessons from worm prevalence and questionnaire data
Authors: FRITZEN B. , ROHN K. , SCHNIEDER T. , VON SAMSON‐HIMMELSTJERNA G. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:Increasing prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in equine nematodes calls for a reexamination of current parasite control programmes to identify factors influencing control efficacy and development of resistance.Objectives:To investigate if associations occur between prevalence of parasitic nematodes and management practices.Methods:German horse farms (n = 76) were investigated in 2003 and 2004. Information on farm and pasture management with respect to endoparasite control measures obtained using a questionnaire survey. Faecal examinations were performed in parallel.Results:Horses (n = 2000) were examined by faecal nematode egg counts, grouped into foals, yearlings and mature individuals for statistical analyses. Farms were categorised into 3 types, riding, stud farms and small holdings. Count regression models were used to analyse strongyle faecal egg count data. Following dichotomisation of faecal egg count (FEC) data, prevalence of strongyle andParascaris equoruminfections were assessed by logistic regression models as a function from various management factors. Yearlings on stud farms showed a 2‐fold higher risk of being positive for strongyle FEC, higher (i.e. ≥3 per year) anthelmintic drug treatment frequencies were associated with reduced strongyle infection rates only in mature individuals but not in foals or yearlings, foals on farms fertilising pastures with horse manure had a significantly higher risk of beingP. equorumFEC positive and yearlings on stud farms were more often showing incomplete FECR following anthelmintic treatment compared to yearlings on other farm types. The mean yearly treatment frequencies per age group were: foals 4.52, yearlings 3.26 and mature horses 2.72 times, respectively.Conclusion and potential relevance:To delay the development of anthelmintic, resistance management should include additional nonchemotherapeutic parasite control strategies, FEC‐monitoring, controlled quarantine treatment of new arrivals and control of efficacy by the faecal egg count reduction test on a regular basis.
Birth of live triplets in a mare
Authors: HODDER A. D. J. , COYNE C. P. , MADIGAN J. E 
Published: July 2010

SummaryAn 11‐year‐old American Buckskin mare gave birth to live triplets unattended at approximately 300 days gestation. All foals were small and dysmature, requiring intensive care. The smallest foal died 4 days after admission, the second was subjected to euthanasia 24 days after admission due to poor healing of a third metatarsal fracture. The remaining foal survived to discharge and was considered small but otherwise normal at age one year.