bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent Conjugated Polyelectrolytes for Bioimaging
Authors: Pu Kan‐Yi , Liu Bin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis Feature Article summarizes the recent advances of water‐soluble fluorescent conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) in bioimaging. Apart from a brief overview of traditional linear CPEs, a special emphasis is placed on CPEs that can self‐assemble into or are born with three‐dimensional nano‐architectures, including grafted CPEs, hyperbranched CPEs, and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes(POSS)‐based CPE derivatives. These CPEs naturally form nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 3 to 100 nm in aqueous media, and possess reactive functional groups for bioconjugation or complexation with desired biorecognition elements. The tunable size, low cytotoxicity, good photostability, and ease of surface modification ultimately enable these CPEs with wide applications in in vitro intracellular protein sensing, cell detection, in vivo cell imaging and drug tracking. Moreover, traditional linear CPEs can be transformed into uniform nanoparticles by complexation with oppositely charged biomolecules to allow for cell detection and in situ drug release monitoring. The work featured herein not only reveals the important molecular design principles of CPEs for different imaging tasks, but also highlights the promising directions for the further development of CPE‐based imaging materials.
MODY type 2 in Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS) as part of a contiguous gene deletion syndrome
Authors: Zung Amnon , Petek Erwin , Ben‐Zeev Bruria , Schwarzbraun Thomas , Ben‐Yehoshua Sagi Josefsberg 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMaturity‐onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY2) is a form of monogenic diabetes, characterized by mild fasting hyperglycemia. MODY2 is caused by heterozygous mutations in the GCK gene that encodes the glucokinase enzyme. We describe the clinical features and the underlying genetic defect of MODY2 in a patient with atypical Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome (GCPS). The patient presented with the limb formation and the craniofacial developmental abnormalities typical to GCPS, in addition to mental retardation and epilepsy (assigned as atypical syndrome). Fasting hyperglycemia in the diabetic range, impaired glucose tolerance, and lack of diabetes autoantibodies were compatible with MODY2. In order to delineate the genetic aberrations relevant both to MODY2 and Greig syndrome in this patient, we performed cytogenetic analysis, real‐time PCR of the GCK gene, and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array. Cytogenetic study has shown a microscopic detectable deletion in the 7p13‐15 chromosomal region. Real‐time PCR demonstrated a deletion of the GCK gene in the patient but not her parents, and CGH array revealed a deleted region of approximately 12 Mb in the 7p13‐15 region. This deleted region included GLI3 and GCK genes (where heterozygous mutations cause GCPS and MODY2, respectively), and many other contiguous genes. Our patient manifests a unique form of MODY2, where GCK gene deletion is part of a large deleted segment in the 7p13‐15 chromosomal region. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
De novo 5q35.5 duplication with clinical presentation of Sotos syndrome
Authors: Kasnauskiene Jurate , Cimbalistiene Loreta , Ciuladaite Zivile , Preiksaitiene Egle , Kučinskienė Zita Aušrelė , Hettinger Joe A. , Sismani Carolina , Patsalis Philippos C. , Kučinskas Vaidutis 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe report on a girl with developmental delay and a de novo 264 kb interstitial duplication in the region of Sotos syndrome at 5q35.3 in the immediate vicinity of critical NSD1 gene, but manifesting the phenotype, of overgrowth both prenatal stage and postnatal, macrocephaly, developmental delay, and resembling that of Sotos syndrome, rather than the recently reported syndrome of reciprocal duplication. The duplication is located right downstream from the NSD1 gene, a region which appears critical for the expression of the gene as regulatory elements might be disrupted or the expression of a not amplified critical gene might be otherwise affected by the duplicated region. Thus, in the process of evaluating identified CNVs attention should be drawn to the possible influence of chromosomal rearrangement on distant genes, which could add additional diversity to genomic disorders. Our case demonstrates that evaluation of the size of chromosomal alteration and gene content are not sufficient for assessment of CNV's pathogenicity and the context of adjacent genes should be considered. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Report of a further family with dominant deafness‐onychodystrophy (DDOD) syndrome
Authors: White Susan M. , Fahey Michael 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDeafness and onychodystrophy is a presumed autosomal dominant condition previously reported in five families. We report on a three‐generation family with three affected members with absent finger and toenails, finger‐like thumbs, and severe sensorineural deafness. In the hands, the first and fifth digits had absent nails and bulbous swelling of the distal phalanx. The second, third, and fourth digits were relatively spared. In the feet, there were hypoplastic great toenails and absent nails on second to fifth toes. Intelligence was normal. In addition to deafness and onychodystrophy, other features in this family included subtle facial dysmorphism in two individuals, cutis aplasia in one individual, epilepsy in one individual, and sudden infant death in two family members, one of whom had deafness and onychodystrophy and one who did not. A full autopsy of both infants did not reveal a cause. SNP microarray analysis of one family member showed no evidence of copy number change. This family's condition fits within the spectrum of dominant deafness‐onychodystrophy syndrome (DDOD) and further characterises this rare condition. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of genomewide association signals for nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate in a Kenya African cohort
Authors: Weatherley‐White R. Christopher , Ben Songtao , Jin Ying , Riccardi Sheri , Arnold Thomas D. , Spritz Richard A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate is a common birth defect with a wide range of prevalence among different populations, apparently highest in Asians and Amerindians and lowest in Africans. Recent genomewide association studies of European‐derived and Asian populations have identified six confirmed loci for this phenotype: 1p22.1, 1q32.2 (IRF6), 8q24, 10q25.3, 17q22, and 20q12. However, there have thus far been no studies of these loci in African patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. We carried out association analysis of SNPs in these six candidate chromosomal regions in 128 nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate cases and 105 controls from the Rift Valley of Kenya. We observed no apparent association of this phenotype with any of these SNPs, though there was strong statistical power only for 8q24. These results indicate that at least the 8q24 locus does not play a major role in the pathogenesis of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in east Africa, supporting locus heterogeneity for susceptibility to this phenotype among different major populations of the world. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of liquid crystalline polymers from polyethylene terephthalate and 4‐acetoxybenzoic acid: A kinetic study
Authors: Bishara Ahmed , Al‐Mulla Adam , Al‐Roomi Yousef , Shaban Habib 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLiquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) have been synthesized from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and 4‐acetoxybenzoic acid (OB) through melt step‐growth polymerization. The presence of liquid crystalline texture is first examined using optical polarizing microscopy. The thermal durability of the developed systems is studied through thermogravimetric analysis. The kinetics of the polymerization processes is analyzed. The effectiveness of three catalysts commonly used in polyesterification is investigated. The effect of reaction temperature is also examined. The progress of polycondensation reactions over time takes a nonlinear behavior of slight sigmoidal shape, irrespective of whether or not the reaction is catalyzed. Simple second and third order equations, along with a nonlinear model, are used to determine the kinetic parameters characterizing these reactions. The rate of reaction is enhanced when the reaction temperature is increased. Overall, second‐order kinetics well describes the polymerization reactions when the data set is divided into two regions. Antimony trioxide induces a more visible enhancement to the rate of reaction, compared to zinc acetate and sodium acetate. The presence of a catalyst generally increases the reaction activation energy. This indicates that entropy factors outweigh the increase in activation energy and drive the catalyzed reactions to completion. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Analytical applications of newly synthesized copolymer resin derived from p‐aminophenol, dithiooxamide, and formaldehyde
Authors: Gurnule Wasudeo B. , Katkamwar Sharayu S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA copolymer resin (p‐APDF) has been synthesized using the monomers p‐aminophenol, dithiooxamide, formaldehyde in 1 : 1 : 2M proportions in the presence of 2M HCl as catalyst. The structure of p‐APDF copolymer has been elucidated on the basis of elemental analysis and various physicochemical techniques, i.e., UV‐visible, FTIR, and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The number average molecular weight of copolymer resin was determined by nonaqueous conductometric titration in DMF. Viscosity measurement were carried out in DMF indicate normal behavior. The prepared resin proved to be a selective ion exchange resin for some metal ions. The chelating ion exchange properties of this resin was studied for Fe(III) and Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) ions. A batch equilibrium method was used to study selectivity of metal ion uptake over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic strength. The resin showed a higher selectivity for Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II) ions than for Co(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) ions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of intercalation agent on the structure and properties of OMMT and RTV/OMMT composites
Authors: Jincheng Wang , Ke Yang , Nan Xu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNovel room‐temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV)/organic montmorillonite (OMMT) composites have been prepared. Di(2‐oxyethyl)‐12 alkane‐3 methyl‐amine chloride and hydrogen silicone oil were used as intercalation agents to treat Na+‐montmorillonite and form two kinds of OMMTs. The structure and properties of OMMT were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The intercalation mechanism of different types of intercalation agents was proposed. RTV/OMMT composites were prepared using these OMMTs. Properties such as viscosity, hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, and thermal stability were researched and compared. A combination of swelling test, XRD and transmission electronic microscopy studies was used to characterize the structure and reinforcing mechanism of these OMMTs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and photoinitiating activity study of polymeric photoinitiators bearing BP moiety based on hyperbranched poly(ester‐amine) via thiol‐ene click reaction
Authors: Xie Han , Hu Lihua , Shi Wenfang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA series of polymeric photoinitiators (BP‐HPEAs) bearing BP moiety based on hyperbranched poly(ester‐amine) were synthesized via the thiol‐ene click reaction of 3‐(4‐benzoylphenoxy)propyl 2‐mercaptoacetate (BPPM) with acrylated HPEA. BPPM was obtained by the esterification of (4‐(3‐hydroxypropoxy) phenyl) phenyl methanone (HPPM) with mercaptoacetic acid in the presence of p‐toluene sulphonic acid as a catalyst. HPEA was prepared through Michael addition of piperazine with tri(hydroxymethyl)propane triacrylate. Their molecular structures were confirmed by the 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FTIR analysis. The UV–vis spectrum analysis results showed that BP‐HPEAs exhibit the stronger n–π* absorption at ∼ 340 nm with over two times higher molar extinction coefficients than BP at the concentration of 1.00 × 10−3M. The photoinitiating activity study showed that the maximum photopolymerization rates of 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate initiated by BP‐HPEAs in the absence of coinitiator were obtained by two times higher than that by BP in the presence of triethylamine as a coinitiator. Moreover, the excellent miscibility of BP‐HPEAs with the commercial bisphenol A epoxy diacrylate was achieved according to the Ts/Tg ratios of over 9.0 from DMTA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Redox‐Controlled, Reversible Rearrangement of a Tris(2‐pyridylthio)methyl Ligand on Nickel to an Isomer with an “N,S‐Confused” 2‐Pyridylthiolate Arm
Authors: Kuwamura Naoto , Kitano Ken'ichi , Hirotsu Masakazu , Nishioka Takanori , Teki Yoshio , Santo Ryoko , Ichimura Akio , Hashimoto Hideki , Wright L. James , Kinoshita Isamu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractInterchange between the nickel +2 and +3 oxidation states precisely controls the reversible rearrangement of the tris(2‐pyridylthio)methanide (tptm) ligand in the organometallic nickel(II) complex [{Ni(μ‐Br)(tptm)}2] (2). Oxidation of 2 first gives the corresponding NiIII complex [{Ni(μ‐Br)(tptm)}2][PF6]2 (4). However, in solution the tptm ligand in 4 slowly undergoes a rearrangement, in which the N and S atoms of one of the pyridylthiolate arms exchange Ni and C bonding partners, thereby resulting in an “N,S‐confused” isomer of tptm in the product, [NiBr(bpttpm)]PF6 (5; bpttpm=bis(2‐pyridylthio)(2‐thiopyridinium)methyl). Reduction of 5 reverses this ligand rearrangement and 2 is reformed quantitatively. The individual steps involved in these unusual ligand rearrangements were investigated by a number of methods, including voltammetric analysis, and a mechanism for this process is proposed. X‐ray crystal structure determinations of the key compounds 2, 4 and 5 have been obtained.
Congestion control for sudden bandwidth changes in TCP
Authors: Ko Euiyul , An Donghyeok , Yeom Ikjun , Yoon Hyunsoo 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose a novel technique to deal with sudden bandwidth changes in transmission control protocol (TCP). In the current Internet, sudden bandwidth changes may occur because of vertical handovers between heterogeneous access networks, routing path changes, cognitive ratio, and multi‐rate wireless local area network. The current implementation of TCP is designed and optimized for stable networks and does not adapt well upon sudden bandwidth changes. Consequently, it might suffer from packet losses in burst upon sudden bandwidth decrement and under‐utilization upon sudden bandwidth increment. To resolve this problem, we propose to modify the current TCP algorithm to include a new phase, called fast adaptation (FA). The FA phase is triggered upon detecting sudden bandwidth changes, and a TCP sender in the FA phase attempts to recover lost packets quickly to avoid spurious timeouts upon sudden bandwidth decrement. Upon sudden bandwidth increment, it increases its window size drastically to realize full utilization. Through extensive simulations, experiments, and analysis, it is shown that the proposed scheme can effectively deal with sudden bandwidth changes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State‐of‐the‐art therapeutic medical countermeasures for bacterial threat agents
Authors: Stundick Melissa V. , Metz Matthew , Sampath Aruna , Larsen Joseph C. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn the event of another bioterrorism attack with a bacterial agent, antibiotics will be critical medical countermeasures to have in the US Strategic National Stockpile. Conventional antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, and streptomycin are generally considered a first line of defense against organisms such as Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis. However, antibiotic resistance is a growing public health threat, especially among potentially life‐threatening pathogens; it is possible that threat agent bacteria could naturally evolve, or be engineered to express, antibiotic resistance against commonly used antibiotics. At the same time that the need for novel or improved antibiotics is becoming urgent, the antibiotic development pipeline has slowed, with only two completely new classes of antibiotics having been introduced over the past 40 years. In the present work, we review the current antibiotic pipeline, including novel, innovative approaches being considered to target bacteria or virulence, with a focus on those compounds that have been tested for activity against threat agent bacteria. We opine on the benefits and challenges inherent in certain mechanisms of action and stress that regulatory, policy, and technical strategies need to be revisited in order to incentivize industry to continue antibiotic development. Drug Dev Res 72: 361–378, 2011.© 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Alkyloxy/Aryloxy‐azaphthalocyanines Based on a Transetherification Reaction
Authors: Novakova Veronika , Miletin Miroslav , Kopecky Kamil , Franzová Šárka , Zimcik Petr 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAn approach leading to unsymmetrical azaphthalocyanines (AzaPcs) bearing one aryloxy and seven butoxy substituents on the periphery is described. Several cyclotetramerization methods were tested, including the template effect of a metal salt in a melt/solution and the Linstead method, but only one was found to be suitable for the isolation of unsymmetrical alkyloxy/aryloxy‐AzaPcs. Undesired transetherification with alkoxides, which is common with these types of compounds, was considered to be an advantage in this approach, and an unsymmetrical AzaPc was isolated in 10 % yield. An analysis of the transetherification process is also described. Unsymmetrical zinc(II) and magnesium(II) AzaPcs showed excellent spectral properties (λmax = 620 nm; ϵ = 1.5–2.2 × 105 dm3mol–1 cm–1) as well as promising singlet oxygen (ΦΔ = 0.44 and 0.26, respectively) and fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF = 0.50 and 0.65, respectively). The metal‐free derivative (λmax = 603 and 640 nm; ϵ = 0.80 and 1.2 × 105 dm3 mol–1 cm–1) dissipated energy in a different way, and the ΦΔ and ΦF values were one order of magnitude smaller (0.030 and 0.053, respectively). All the parameters were comparable to the corresponding symmetrical AzaPcs containing eight butoxy substituents, which suggests that an unsymmetrical composition of AzaPc on the periphery has no negative effect on the photophysical or photochemical properties.
Session and media signalling for communication components‐based open multimedia conferencing Web service over IP networks
Authors: Bo Cheng , Xiaoxiao Hu , Shicheng Zhang , Junliang Chen 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTService‐oriented communication is a new trend in the industry to enable communication through a service‐oriented architecture (SOA) and thereby package communications as services, which opens a new paradigm of Web service‐based Voice Over Internet Protocol communication, which is extensible and can be easily integrated in end‐to‐end SOA solutions. In this paper, we proposed the communication components‐based open multimedia conferencing Web service over IP networks and mainly focus on the session and media signalling for multimedia conferencing Web service. Details including the multimedia conferencing multiple parties call control state machines and session management, the state life cycle management, and the signal flows for multimedia conferencing scenarios, also including the Simple Object Access Protocol messages mapping to the asynchronous events. The session and media signalling management also provides the Web services interfaces for triggering conferencing session establishment and is further responsible for all necessary media signalling towards a proper media server. In addition, a prototype has been implemented, and its performance has been measured and analysed. Finally, we give the conclusions and future work. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review on recent research results (2008–2010) on essential oils as antimicrobials and antifungals. A review.
Authors: Lang Gudrun , Buchbauer Gerhard 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe antimicrobial activity of essential oils is discussed in this review taking in account studies which were published in the period of time from 2008 until September 2010. Furthermore, the most important methods to examine the antimicrobial efficiency of essential oils are presented. The studies are divided into the following two groups, namely antibacterial and antifungal active agents depending on the activity of the applied essential oil against the test microorganisms. Various interesting possible applications are revealed such as the use of essential oils instead of synthetic drugs to circumvent the increasing resistance of some pathogens. Moreover, they could not only be used for the therapy of infectious illnesses, but also as preservatives in the food industry. A further possibility is, among others, the application of essential oils in skin products in order to treat or avoid dermal infections. Additionally, the prevalent constituents of the individual antimicrobial active essential oils are elaborated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating service quality evaluation model to improve employees' satisfaction for high‐tech iindustry
Authors: Chen Shun‐Hsing 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis study addresses the deficiency research of service quality by integrating the importance–satisfaction model (I‐S model) and the performance control matrix to provide a more comprehensive assessment model for improving specific quality attributes. The study applies this integrated measuring instrument in a Taiwanese high‐tech industry by using a questionnaire survey of production‐line employees to assess importance and satisfaction in their capacity as internal customers of the company. The study thus identifies and prioritizes quality attributes that require improvement. The findings are significant for service providers because they take into account: (i) the relative importance of quality attributes; (ii) the relative satisfaction level of these attributes; and (iii) the resources available for improvement. The study demonstrates that the I‐S model and the performance control matrix, taken together, provide an excellent measuring instrument for assessing priorities for quality improvement. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Allylation of N‐Benzoylhydrazones (=N′‐Alkylidene‐Substituted Benzohydrazides) by Treatment with Allyl Bromide in the Presence of Zinc in Aqueous Ammonium Chloride Solution
Authors: Das Biswanath , Shinde Digambar Balaji , Kanth Boddu Shashi , Kumar Jayprakash Narayan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractN‐Benzoylhydrazones (=N′‐alkylidene‐substituted benzohydrazides) 1 are allylated efficiently by reaction with allyl bromide (2) in the presence of Zn in aqueous NH4Cl solution. The products 3 are formed in excellent yields (85–94%) within 35–50 min (Scheme, Table).
An Efficient Synthesis of a (−)‐Physostigmine's Library for Identifying Potential Anti‐Alzheimer's Agents
Authors: Wu Yi , Wang Fusheng , Song Hao , Qin Yong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAn efficient route for the synthesis of (−)‐physostigmine analogs 1a–1g and 2a–2k is described. Analogs 1a–1g were synthesized via copper(I)‐catalyzed cycloaddition between the optically pure azide 10 and a variety of alkynes. Similarly, analogs 2a–2k were prepared through ‘three‐component Huisgen cycloaddition’ using various amines, propargyl bromine, and 10 in H2O. Facile preparation of 10 via MacMillan's organocatalysis has made it possible to generate a great diversity of natural product‐like compounds that can be screened for anti‐Alzheimer's effects.