bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid intake and the risk of urothelial cell carcinomas in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Authors: Ros Martine M. , Bas Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H.B. , Büchner Frederike L. , Aben Katja K.H. , Kampman Ellen , Egevad Lars , Overvad Kim , Tjønneland Anne , Roswall Nina , Clavel‐Chapelon Francoise , Kaaks Rudolf , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Boeing Heiner , Weikert Steffen , Trichopoulou Antonia , Orfanos Philippos , Stasinopulou Georgia , Saieva Calogero , Krogh Vittorio , Vineis Paolo , Tumino Rosario , Mattiello Amalia , Peeters Petra H.M. , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J.B. , Lund Eiliv , Gram Inger T , Chirlaque Maria D , Barricarte Aurelio , Rodríguez Laudina , Molina Esther , Gonzalez Carlos , Dorronsoro Miren , Manjer Jonas , Ehrnström Roy , Ljungberg Börje , Allen Naomi E. , Roddam Andrew W. , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Wareham Nick , Boffetta Paolo , Slimani Nadia , Michaud Dominique S. , Kiemeney Lambertus A.L.M. , Riboli Elio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractResults from previous studies investigating the association between fluid intake and urothelial cell carcinomas (UCC) are inconsistent. We evaluated this association among 233,236 subjects in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), who had adequate baseline information on water and total fluid intake. During a mean follow‐up of 9.3 years, 513 first primary UCC occurred. At recruitment, habitual fluid intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable hazard ratios were estimated using Cox regression stratified by age, sex and center and adjusted for energy intake, smoking status, duration of smoking and lifetime intensity of smoking. When using the lowest tertile of intake as reference, total fluid intake was not associated with risk of all UCC (HR 1.12; 95%CI 0.86–1.45, p‐trend = 0.42) or with risk of prognostically high‐risk UCC (HR 1.28; 95%CI 0.85–1.93, p‐trend = 0.27) or prognostically low‐risk UCC (HR 0.93; 95%CI 0.65–1.33, p‐trend = 0.74). No associations were observed between risk of UCC and intake of water, coffee, tea and herbal tea and milk and other dairy beverages. For prognostically low‐risk UCC suggestions of an inverse association with alcoholic beverages and of a positive association with soft drinks were seen. Increased risks were found for all UCC and prognostically low‐risk UCC with higher intake of fruit and vegetable juices. In conclusion, total usual fluid intake is not associated with UCC risk in EPIC. The relationships observed for some fluids may be due to chance, but further investigation of the role of all types of fluid is warranted.
Impact of platinum‐based chemotherapy on circulating nucleic acid levels, protease activities in blood and disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow of ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Wimberger Pauline , Roth Carina , Pantel Klaus , Kasimir‐Bauer Sabine , Kimmig Rainer , Schwarzenbach Heidi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThere is an unmet need for biomarkers for the prediction and monitoring of anticancer therapies. Here, we measured the concentrations of nucleosomes and DNA, protease and caspase activities in serum of 62 patients with ovarian cancer before and after first‐line carboplatin/taxane‐based chemotherapy and of 28 healthy individuals by Cell Death Detection ELISA, PicoGreen, Protease Fluorescent Detection Kit and Caspase‐Glo®3/7 Assay, respectively. By immunocytochemistry, we analyzed bone marrow (BM) aspirates for disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) using the monoclonal antibody A45‐B/B3. The measurements in blood and BM were correlated to clinical outcome (median follow‐up time: 18 months). Significant correlations between circulating nucleosome and DNA concentrations (p = 0.0001), nucleosome concentrations and caspase activities (p = 0.031) and circulating DNA concentrations and protease activities (p = 0.0001) were detected. Before therapy, the occurrence of DTCs correlated with increasing serum protease activities (p = 0.030) and higher tumor stages (p = 0.029), and after therapy, it correlated with a higher risk of relapse (p = 0.040). Higher protease activities in serum were associated with advanced tumor stages (p = 0.045). We observed a significant relationship between residual tumor load of >1 cm after primary surgery and serum DNA levels (p = 0.0001), and both parameters were associated with a higher risk of relapse (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.020, respectively) and a poorer overall survival (p = 0.021 and p = 0.010, respectively). These findings suggest that the residual tumor load might contribute to elevated DNA levels in blood. Serum DNA levels together with BM status for DTCs have the potential to become suitable biomarkers to predict the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients undergoing platinum‐based chemotherapy.
T cell recognition of HLA‐A2 restricted tumor antigens is impaired by the oncogene HER2
Authors: Mimura Kousaku , Ando Takashi , Poschke Isabel , Mougiakakos Dimitrios , Johansson C. Christian , Ichikawa Jiro , Okita Riki , Nishimura Michael I. , Handke Diana , Krug Nancy , Choudhury Aniruddha , Seliger Barbara , Kiessling Rolf 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe HER2 oncogene is frequently over‐expressed in human cancers and a promising target for immune therapy. Previous studies have shown that over‐expression of mouse or rat HER2 leads to markedly reduced levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and molecules of the antigen processing and presentation machinery (APM), thus resulting in a phenotype promoting tumor escape from the immune system. Our study focuses on analyzing the effect of HER2 on MHC class I antigen presentation and sensitivity to tumor‐antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in HLA‐A2.1+ melanoma cell lines. We demonstrate significant inverse correlations both between the expression of HER2 and total MHC class I surface expression as well as between HER2 and HLA‐A2. A significant reduction of HLA‐A2 levels was found when melanoma and carcinoma cell lines were transfected with a human HER2 gene. A signaling‐competent HER2 molecule was crucial for the observed HLA‐A2 down‐regulation, as transfectants expressing high levels of HER2 mutated in the tyrosine signaling domain did not show altered HLA‐A2 expression. Importantly, the human melanoma cell line EST049 demonstrated reduced HER2 and melanoma antigen‐specific recognition by CTLs upon HER2 transfection. In addition, high expression of HER2 prevented both IFN‐γ mediated HLA‐A2 up‐regulation and improved recognition by HLA‐A2‐restricted CTLs in treated cells. Moreover, key APM molecules were down‐regulated by HER2. These findings implicate that HER2 over‐expressing tumors may be more prone to escape from HLA‐A2 restricted CTLs suggesting that immunotherapy approaches inducing an integrated humoral, cellular and innate immune response would be most effective.
Real-time measurement of solute transport within the lacunar-canalicular system of mechanically loaded bone: Direct evidence for load-induced fluid flow
Authors: Price Christopher , Zhou Xiaozhou , Li Wen , Wang Liyun 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Since proposed by Piekarski and Munro in 1977, load-induced fluid flow through the bone lacunar-canalicular system (LCS) has been accepted as critical for bone metabolism, mechanotransduction, and adaptation. However, direct unequivocal observation and quantification of load-induced fluid and solute convection through the LCS have been lacking due to technical difficulties. Using a novel experimental approach based on fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and synchronized mechanical loading and imaging, we successfully quantified the diffusive and convective transport of a small fluorescent tracer (sodium fluorescein, 376 Da) in the bone LCS of adult male C57BL/6J mice. We demonstrated that cyclic end-compression of the mouse tibia with a moderate loading magnitude (–3 N peak load or 400 µε surface strain at 0.5 Hz) and a 4-second rest/imaging window inserted between adjacent load cycles significantly enhanced (+31%) the transport of sodium fluorescein through the LCS compared with diffusion alone. Using an anatomically based three-compartment transport model, the peak canalicular fluid velocity in the loaded bone was predicted (60 µm/s), and the resulting peak shear stress at the osteocyte process membrane was estimated (∼5 Pa). This study convincingly demonstrated the presence of load-induced convection in mechanically loaded bone. The combined experimental and mathematical approach presented herein represents an important advance in quantifying the microfluidic environment experienced by osteocytes in situ and provides a foundation for further studying the mechanisms by which mechanical stimulation modulates osteocytic cellular responses, which will inform basic bone biology, clinical understanding of osteoporosis and bone loss, and the rational engineering of their treatments. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Low-trauma fractures indicate increased risk of hip fracture in frail older people
Authors: Chen Jian Sheng , Cameron Ian D , Simpson Judy M , Seibel Markus J , March Lyn M , Cumming Robert G , Lord Stephen R , Sambrook Philip N 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the risk of subsequent fractures after low-trauma fracture in frail older people. A total of 1412 elderly residents (mean age 86.2 years, SD 7.0 years, female 77%) were recruited from aged care facilities in Australia. Residents were assessed and then followed for any fracture for 2 years and hip fractures for at least 5 years. Residents with and without a newly acquired fracture in the first 2 years were compared for risk of subsequent hip fracture. Residents with a nonhip fracture in the first 2 years had an increased risk of subsequent hip fracture for about 2.5 years, whereas those with a hip fracture had a similar risk over the whole period compared with those with no fracture. During these 2.5 years, 60, 28, and 6 subsequent hip fractures occurred in the nonfracture group (n = 953), the nonhip fracture group (n = 194), and the hip fracture group (n = 101), respectively, resulting in the probability of subsequent hip fracture of 8.0%, 19.9%, and 10.4%, respectively. Compared with the nonfracture group, the hazard ratio (HR) was 2.82 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.73–4.59; p &lt; .001] for the nonhip fracture group and 1.48 (95% CI 0.63–3.49, p = .37) for the hip fracture group after adjusting for age, sex, residence type, calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation, fracture history, weight, lower leg length, immobility, cognitive function, and medications. Frail institutionalized older people with newly acquired fractures are at increased risk of subsequent hip fracture for the next few years. Accordingly, despite their advanced age, they are a high-priority target group to investigate interventions that might reduce the risk of hip fracture. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Relation of age, gender, and bone mass to circulating sclerostin levels in women and men
Authors: Mödder Ulrike I , Hoey Kelley A , Amin Shreyasee , McCready Louise K , Achenbach Sara J , Riggs B Lawrence , Melton L Joseph , Khosla Sundeep 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Sclerostin is a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling and bone formation. However, there is currently no information on the relation of circulating sclerostin levels to age, gender, or bone mass in humans. Thus we measured serum sclerostin levels in a population-based sample of 362 women [123 premenopausal, 152 postmenopausal not on estrogen treatment (ET), and 87 postmenopausal on ET] and 318 men, aged 21 to 97 years. Sclerostin levels (mean ± SEM) were significantly higher in men than women (33.3 ± 1.0 pmol/L versus 23.7 ± 0.6 pmol/L, p &lt; .001). In pre- and postmenopausal women not on ET combined (n = 275) as well as in men, sclerostin levels were positively associated with age (r = 0.52 and r = 0.64, respectively, p &lt; .001 for both). Over life, serum sclerostin levels increased by 2.4- and 4.6-fold in the women and men, respectively. Moreover, for a given total-body bone mineral content, elderly subjects (age ≥ 60 years) had higher serum sclerostin levels than younger subjects (ages 20 to 39 years). Our data thus demonstrate that (1) men have higher serum sclerostin levels than women, (2) serum sclerostin levels increase markedly with age, and (3) compared with younger subjects, elderly individuals have higher serum sclerostin levels for a given amount of bone mass. Further studies are needed to define the cause of the age-related increase in serum sclerostin levels in humans as well as the potential role of this increase in mediating the known age-related impairment in bone formation. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
CCN family 2/connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) promotes osteoclastogenesis via induction of and interaction with dendritic cell–specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP)
Authors: Nishida Takashi , Emura Kenji , Kubota Satoshi , Lyons Karen M , Takigawa Masaharu 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
CCN family 2/connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) promotes endochondral ossification. However, the role of CCN2 in the replacement of hypertrophic cartilage with bone is still unclear. The phenotype of Ccn2 null mice, having an expanded hypertrophic zone, indicates that the resorption of the cartilage extracellular matrix is impaired therein. Therefore, we analyzed the role of CCN2 in osteoclastogenesis because cartilage extracellular matrix is resorbed mainly by osteoclasts during endochondral ossification. Expression of the Ccn2 gene was upregulated in mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 on day 6 after treatment of glutathione S transferase (GST) fusion mouse receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (GST-RANKL), and a combination of recombinant CCN2 (rCCN2) and GST-RANKL significantly enhanced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP)–positive multinucleated cell formation compared with GST-RANKL alone. Therefore, we suspected the involvement of CCN2 in cell-cell fusion during osteoclastogenesis. To clarify the mechanism, we performed real-time PCR analysis of gene expression, coimmunoprecipitation analysis, and solid-phase binding assay of CCN2 and dendritic cell–specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), which is involved in cell-cell fusion. The results showed that CCN2 induced and interacted with DC-STAMP. Furthermore, GST-RANKL–induced osteoclastogenesis was impaired in fetal liver cells from Ccn2 null mice, and the impaired osteoclast formation was rescued by the addition of exogenous rCCN2 or the forced expression of DC-STAMP by a retroviral vector. These results suggest that CCN2 expressed during osteoclastogenesis promotes osteoclast formation via induction of and interaction with DC-STAMP. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A comparison of client preferences for intervention empirical support versus common therapy variables
Authors: Swift Joshua K. , Callahan Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractClient preferences have been identified as an essential part of evidence‐based practice in psychology. Further, client preferences have been found to play an important role in determining premature termination and therapy outcomes. However, our current understanding of this client variable is limited because of the methodologies that have previously been used to assess these preferences. In this study, 57 adult clients from a university‐based psychology department clinic completed an instrument weighing preferences for intervention specific empirical support against preferences for 4 other common factor variables. These clients were found to discount a significant amount of intervention empirical support to ensure the following: (a) a satisfactory therapeutic relationship could be developed, (b) their therapist would be empathetic and accepting, (c) their therapist would have a greater level of experience, and (d) they, as clients, would do more of the talking during sessions. These findings suggest that clients prefer treatment decisions to be based on variables other than intervention empirical support alone. Recommendations are made for assessing and including client preferences to provide more individually tailored interventions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66:1–15, 2010.
The clinical utility of a brief measure of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness for the detection of suicidal military personnel
Authors: Bryan Craig J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPerceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB) are important indicators of suicide risk; however, limited research has investigated applicability to military populations, and no efforts have been initiated to translate these constructs into easily implemented clinical tools. The current study examined the structure and validity of a brief self‐report survey of PB and TB, the 10‐item Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ‐10), among a sample of 219 deployed military personnel. Factor analysis confirmed that PB and TB are distinct, and are correlated with psychiatric symptomatology. Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated the most useful cutoff scores were PB=1 and TB=3.2. Both scales significantly improved the ability to rule‐in and rule‐out current suicide ideation among deployed service members. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:981–992, 2011.
Mediator toxicity and dual effect of glucose on the lifespan for current generation by Cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6714 based photoelectrochemical cells
Authors: Xie Xuan‐Hui , Li Erin Lin , Kang Tang Zi 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The capability of cyanobacteria to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates offers a promising carbon‐neutral energy solution. Unfortunately, the lifespan of cyanobacteria based photoelectrochemical cells is poor because discharge current drops to zero within days. The primary factor that limits lifespan was believed to be the toxicity of an artificial mediator that extracts electrons from cyanoacteria to electrode. It is critical to experimentally identify the true limiting factor such that we could prolong the lifespan for practical use.RESULTS: Systematic tests on cell physiology and current discharge were performed in autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. Contrary to previous belief, results for cell viability, chlorophyll content and growth curve of Cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6714 under continuous vitamin K3‐mediated current discharge did not exhibit any toxic effect. The role of glucose was then investigated. Surprisingly, discharge current dropped to zero although there was significant intracellular glycogen (2.5 × 10−10 mg cell−1). Further tests of current response to the addition of exogenous glucose suggest the regulatory role of glucose on cyanobacterial metabolism that is relevant to current generation. Furthermore, current generation in the light and dark conditions corroborates glucose as energy reserve.CONCLUSION: It is not mediator toxicity but the regulatory effect of glucose on the metabolism of cyanobacteria that limits the lifespan for current generation. Glucose functions in a dual role as energy reserve and regulatory molecule to modulate cyanobacterial metabolism related to current generation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of PEG4000 on cellulase catalysis in the lignocellulose saccharification processes
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Yuefeng , Tang Linru 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Lignocellulose is a large source of biomass. However, the conversion ratio of lignocellulose into fermentable sugars is quite low, and the saccharification process requires lots of enzyme. In order to improve biocatalysis efficiency of cellulase for lignocellulose, poly ethylene glycol (PEG4000) is added to the above process. The effect of the order of addition of PEG4000 and cellulase on lignocellulose saccharification processes, and the interaction between PEG4000 and eocellobiohydrolase I (CBH I) were investigated by DNS, UV absorption spectra and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.RESULTS: Results show that different orders of addition of PEG4000 and cellulase have a strong influence on the saccharification process, and both orders of addition can improve the saccharification rate. In particular, the addition of PEG4000 before cellulase can reduce wasteful cellulase adsorption on the lignin, and the saccharification rate of lignocellulose can be significantly improved. Without corn stover (substrate) in the saccharification process, examinations by UV absorption spectra and FTIR demonstrate that the interactions between PEG4000 and CBH I are hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interaction. In addition, it is found that the activity of CBH I is decreased with increasing interaction time and the amount of the PEG4000 added in the saccharification process.CONCLUSION: The addition of PEG4000 before cellulase to lignocellulose saccharification processes is a reasonable way to improve the saccharification rate of lignocellulose. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Respiratory mucosal immunization with adenovirus gene transfer vector induces helper CD4 T cell‐independent protective immunity
Authors: Mu Jingyu , Jeyanathan Mangalakumari , Shaler Christopher R. , Horvath Carly , Damjanovic Daniela , Zganiacz Anna , Kugathasan Kapilan , McCormick Sarah , Xing Zhou 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackgroundVirus‐vectored vaccine is a powerful activator of CD8 T cell‐mediated immunity and is especially amenable to respiratory mucosal immunization, offering hopes for use in humans with diminished helper CD4 T cell function. However, whether virus‐mediated mucosal immunization can produce immune protective CD8 T cells without the CD4 T cell help remains to be investigated.MethodsWe used a replication‐deficient adenovirus vector expressing an Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen Ag85A for intranasal vaccination and evaluated its effect on CD8 T cell activation and protection in mice depleted of CD4 T cells.ResultsIntranasal vaccination of CD4 T cell‐depleted mice led to suboptimal generation of Ag‐specific tetramer+ or interferon (IFN)‐γ‐producing CD8 T cells in the lung and spleen but this was observed mainly at the early time after vaccination. Reduced CD8 T cell priming was also accompanied by decreased CD8 T cell responses (CTL). Nevertheless, the ratio of Ag‐specific CD8 T cells to IFN‐γ‐producing CD8 T cells in CD4 T cell‐depleted hosts remained comparable to that in CD4 T cell‐competent hosts. Furthermore, the ‘unhelped’ CD8 T cells also displayed a similar immune phenotype as the ‘helped’ counterparts. The animals with ‘unhelped’ CD8 T cells were as well‐protected from pulmonary M. tuberculosis challenge as those with ‘helped’ CD8 T cells in the absence of CD4 T cells.ConclusionsThe data obtained in the present study suggest that the fully immune protective CD8 T cells can still be generated by respiratory mucosal viral‐mediated immunization without CD4 T cells and that CD8 T cells, ‘helped’ or ‘unhelped’, can confer significant protection against pulmonary tuberculosis independent of CD4 T cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.