bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A REVISION OF THE GENUS CARPHACIS DES GOZIS (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) OF NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe genus Carphacis des Gozis (Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae) is revised and recognized as a valid genus rather than a subgenus of Lordithon Thomson (= Bolitobius auctorum). Three species, dimidiatus Erichson, intrusus Horn, and nepigonensis Bernhauer are recognized as valid and transferred from Lordithon to Carphacis. Bolitobius dimidiatus humeralis Melsheimer is considered a new synonym of C. dimidiatus, and B. ruber Malkin and B. intrusus wallisi Malkin are considered new synonyms of C. nepigonensis. All taxa are described and illustrated and maps showing the known distribution of each species are included. A key is presented to aid in distinguishing the North American and only known Palearctic species.
MONITORING ANNUAL FLIGHT PATTERNS OF THE POTATO APHID MACROSIPHUM EUPHORBIAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: Elliott W. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPopulations of flying potato aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas)), available to initiate new infestations on crops, were measured by plant trapping from 1966 to 1971 and by suction trapping from 1967 to 1978 at Harrow, Ontario. Yearly total catches were extremely variable and in some years there were periods of 2 weeks without catches during the summer. The long term annual flight pattern was a unimodal curve with a peak in August. Counts by plant trapping correlated with those obtained by suction trapping, and catches on Brussels sprouts, tomatoes, and peppers were all positively correlated. Plants exposed on a background of bare soil attracted more alatae than those exposed on a background of mowed weeds. The first female alatae were caught in the suction traps on 21 June ± 5 days each year and the first male alatae on 22 October ± 2 days. The last female alatae were caught on 21 October ± 5 days and the last males on 6 November ± 2 days.
NUMERICAL RESPONSE OF COCCINELLIDS TO APHIDS IN CORN IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO
Authors: Wright E. Jane , Laing J. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPopulations of two abundant coccinellid species, Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake and Hippodamia tredecimpunctata tibialis Say, responded rapidly to corn leaf aphid populations [Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch)] once the aphids became exposed to predation when the plants tasselled. Coleomegilla m. lengi oviposited at lower densities of aphids than did H. t. tibialis but H. t. tibialis was shown to have a greater numerical response than C. m. lengi at high densities of aphids due to its greater fecundity. The numerical response of the coccinellids by oviposition was linear with a lag of 1/2 week behind the aphid population.
EFFECT OF APHID CONSUMPTION BY LARVAE ON DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF A FLOWER FLY, SYRPHUS COROLLAE (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE)
Authors: Cornelius M. , Barlow C. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAverage duration of the larval stage of Syrphus corollae Fab. reared at 20 ± 1 °C decreased linearly with increase in amount consumed from 9.2 days with 40.9 cal consumed/larva to 7.9 days at 78.1 cal/larva. Mean weight of pupae and percentage emergence of adults increased with calories consumed. No eggs were laid by flies developed from larvae which consumed less than 54.6 cal of energy, equivalent to 38 aphids. Average fecundity increased linearly with consumption up to 81.6 cal/larva (= 58 aphids). Mean reproductive output was 3.2% of larval consumption above 55 cal but decreased as larval consumption increased. When food was scarce, fecundity decreased because pupae, and therefore ovaries, were smaller. Larvae consumed as much as possible in the time available rather than pupating after consuming a minimal amount.
ORIENTATION TO TRAILS BY A CARPENTER ANT, CAMPONOTUS MODOC (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE), IN A GIANT SEQUOIA FOREST
Authors: David C. T. , Wood D. L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe trails of Camponotus modoc Wheeler follow perennial routes. The ants orient along these using both chemical and visual cues. If the chemical cues are disrupted the ants reform the trail while orienting by visual cues. They can respond to the same visual cues after at least 12 h, and since no evidence was found that the chemical cues survive the winter, probably after 6 months.
A NEW SPECIES OF CHRYSOPIELLA BANKS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE)
Authors: Adams Phillip A. , Garland J. Allan 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe green lacewing, Chrysopiella brevisetosa n. sp., occurs in the northwestern United States and Alberta, Canada. The description includes figures comparing head and terminalia of this species with those of C. pallida
RELEASE RATES AND ATTRACTION OF PVC LURES CONTAINING SYNTHETIC SEX ATTRACTANT OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Sanders C. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractRelease rates of synthetic attractant of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), from a PVC formulation were determined by weight loss. They varied in direct proportion to the initial concentration of the attractant and also with the size of the pellet. Release rates declined by about 50% over the time intervals of 10–40 days and 40–100 days. Initially they were two to three times lower at 10°C than at 21°C, but were far more constant over time at the lower temperature. A pellet weighing 130 mg containing 42 μg of attractant released an estimated .1–1 μg/day, or 4–40 ng/h, which is close to the rate of emission by a calling female (Silk et al. 1980), and field trapping data showed that a lure this size attracted the same number of males as a calling female.
CONTROL OF APHID DENSITY BY A COMPLEX OF PREDATORS
Authors: Frazer B. D. , Gilbert N. , Nealis V. , Raworth D. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA series of field experiments using large field cages were used to evaluate the role of aphidophagous predators on the population dynamics of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. The pea aphid numbers increased rapidly in the cages to as much as 5 times the density in the adjacent fields. The difference between densities in the cage and field decreased as the season progressed. No significant differences in fecundity of the aphids were found either in clip cages in the field and cages, or in the laboratory using field-collected aphids that were allowed to larviposit for 24 h. We used an earlier simulation model of the aphid to show that if fecundity alone were responsible it would have to be 3 times the maximum rate we have ever observed. The return of the aphid density to the field value when one cage was removed and the aggregation of predators show the importance of predator movements in limiting prey numbers.
PREDATION OF APHIDS BY COCCINELLID LARVAE
Authors: Frazer B. D. , Gilbert N. , Ives P. M. , Raworth D. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe studied first and fourth instar larvae of Coccinella trifasciata L., C. Californica Mannerheim, C. undecimpunctata L., and Cycloneda polita Casey searching for Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) on alfalfa seedlings and for A. dirhodum (Walker) on oat seedlings, in the laboratory. Styles of search varied considerably, but each species of larva could capture aphids on each species of plant. Observed differences in relative abundance of the four species of adult coccinellid in alfalfa and oat fields are not related to the success of their larvae in finding aphids.
FIELD TESTS FOR MEDICAGO RESISTANCE AGAINST THE POTATO LEAFHOPPER (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Fiori B. J. , Dolan D. D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA collection of 70 Medicago introductions were field tested for resistance against potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), damage. All M. sativa L. ssp. sativa and most ssp. mixtures were susceptible. All ssp. falcata (L.) Arcangeli, one ssp. mixture sativa and caerulea (Lessing ex Ledebour) Schmalhausen, ssp. × varia (Martyn) Arcangeli and M. pironae Vis were resistant receiving one-half or less damage than the standard cultivars during four seasons of testing. Resistant introductions were slower in regrowth, attained less height, had smaller leaflets, thinner, tougher stems, and more prostrate growth than standard cultivars. Results suggest most observed resistance is due to avoidance of tough stems for oviposition.
REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF METACLISIS FOERSTER (HYMENOPTERA, PLATYGASTRIDAE, INOSTEMMATINAE)
Authors: Masner Lubomir 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Nearctic species of the genus Metaclisis are revised. Of 18 species recognized, 16 of them new to science as follows: M. acericola (Quebec, Ontario), M. acerina (Quebec, Ontario, Illinois), M. aceris (Quebec, Ontario), M. acuta (Arizona), M. alticola (New Mexico), M. annae (Texas), M. attenuata (California), M. borealis (Labrador), M. ensifer (California), M. filicornis (Ontario), M. longula (Illinois, Maryland, Ontario), M. masoni (Manitoba), M. pumilio (Ontario, Quebec, Illinois, Maryland, N. and S. Carolina), M. sulcata (Eastern Canada and U.S.A., Tennessee), M. verna (Ontario), and M. vernalis (Quebec, Ontario, Maryland). M. carinata (Ashmead) ♀ and M. floridana (Ashmead) ♂ are redescribed and the male of M. floridana is newly described. A generic diagnosis of Metaclisis and keys to females and males of Nearctic species are given. The higher classification, bionomics, world distribution, and character states of Metaclisis species are discussed.
TOXICITY OF PROPOXUR IN WET AND DRY MINERAL SOIL TO ADULTS AND LARVAE OF THE CABBAGE MAGGOT, HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE)
Authors: Read D. C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn greenhouse tests conducted in moist acid mineral soils, propoxur was highly toxic and fast acting as an adulticide against flies of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), and many other types of adult insects. Some flies in contact with the surface of treated soil were killed in 30 sec or less. When banded at depths of 1, 3.5, and 7 cm, propoxur moved upward and reached peak toxicity to flies standing on the surface in ca. 5, 20, and 35 days, respectively. Deeper placement of the insecticide resulted in lower levels of peak toxicity. Toxicant from 5 to 10 cm depth treatments was still detectable 6 months after soil treatment. Adulticide tests demonstrated that propoxur could be leached downward by addition of excess water to the soil surface. Under the conditions of tests where flies in cages landed at random on treated soils in miniplots, no toxicity was detected when the surface of the treated soil became air dry.A single preplanting subsurface application of propoxur banded below the soil surface in field experiments provided all season protection against cabbage maggot infestations during normal to relatively dry growing seasons but was ineffective during abnormally wet seasons.
DISTRIBUTION OF WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) INSECT PARASITES IN THE CROWNS OF HOST TREES
Authors: Schmid J. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPercentage parasitism by seven insect parasites of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, was not significantly different among crown aspects. Parasitism by two hymenopterous parasites was significantly different among crown levels in either one or both hosts. Other parasites were either insufficiently abundant to provide an adequate test, or percentage parasitism differed insignificantly among crown levels or host types. Because percentage parasitism was not generally different among crown levels, any level could have been sampled.
A SIMPLIFIED TERMINOLOGY FOR THE TONOFIBRILLARY STRUCTURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE MUSCLES OF LEPIDOPTERA LARVAE
Authors: Stehr Frederick W. , Neunzig H. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdoption of the term “tonofibrillary platelets” for the small, sclerotized areas of muscle attachment on the cuticle of Lepidoptera larvae is advocated and a simplified system of abbreviations for the names proposed by Mutuura (1980) for these areas is suggested.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF EMBRYO COUNTS AND SUCTION TRAP CATCHES TO POPULATIONS DYNAMICS OF MACROSIPHUM EUPHORBIAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON TOMATOES IN ONTARIO
Authors: Elliott W. M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe number of large embryos in adult Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) was investigated in 1974–77 as a means of forecasting population trends on field tomatoes. In an incubator the embryo count (e) of apterae and alatae was related to the daily birthrate (N) by the equation N = 0.45 e + 0.33, except in the first 4 days of adult life of the apterae. On field plots of tomatoes, e was only satisfactory for forecasting population trends in 1 of 4 years of observations. This probably occurred because the adults were mainly apterae. The relationship between flights of alatae and populations on tomatoes appeared to differ from year to year. In 1974 the number of alatae in large populations in tomato plots was more closely related to the number of alatae trapped in flight with a suction trap in the week after than in the week before the tomatoes were sampled, suggesting many alatae were leaving the tomatoes. In 1975–77, populations on tomatoes were low and the number of alatae on the plots was more closely related to suction trap catches in the week before than in the week after the counts on tomatoes, suggesting many of the alatae on the plots had recently arrived there. The percentage of alatae among adults on field tomatoes declined with days from planting each year. Red forms always constituted ≥ 50% of populations on tomatoes and in flights, the rest being green.
IMPACT OF SOYBEAN PHENOLOGY ON VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE): OVIPOSITION, EGG HATCH, AND ADULT LONGEVITY
Authors: Moscardi F. , Barfield C. S. , Allen G. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAdult females of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, from larvae fed on progressively aged soybean, Glycine max (L.), foliage had variable reproductive characteristics. Mean oviposition rates ranged from 963.4 to 515.0 eggs/female when larvae fed on early vegetative and senescent leaves, respectively. Average daily oviposition peaked ca. 4 days after adult emergence, decreased sharply to day 10, and remained at a low level until adult mortality. Mean daily egg hatch decreased with female age, but female longevity was not affected significantly.
CONTROL BY FUMIGANTS OF WINTER EGGS OF EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE), ON HARVESTED APPLES
Authors: Herne D.C. , Bond E. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeven fumigants, used alone or in combination, were tested in the laboratory for toxicity to winter eggs of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), on harvested apples cv. Red Delicious. Fumigation with ethylene dibromide (EDB) 6 mg/l. for 4 h at 25°C, and CO2 90% for 72 h at 18°C or for 48 h at 25°C killed 100% of the eggs; CO2 75% for 60 to 168 h killed over 98% of the eggs. No injury or off-flavour of fruit resulted from the treatments though the extended period of storage, ca. 200 days, to break diapause in the eggs did reduce the fruit quality in the usual way. Post treatment storage under controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions did not increase the percentage of eggs killed with 75% CO2. Mixing CO2 with EDB, ethylene oxide, or dichlorvos did not increase egg mortality. Ethylene oxide, dichlorvos, methyl bromide (MBr), and HCN were each ineffective and combinations of MBr + EDB, and MBr + acrylonitrile were also ineffective. Carbon dioxide is a safe, effective fumigant for controlling P. ulmi winter eggs and other pests on harvested apples.
A SIMPLE CHARACTER FOR RECOGNIZING SECOND AND THIRD INSTAR LARVAE OF FIVE CANADIAN MOSQUITO GENERA (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Savignac Roger , Maire Alain 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSecond and third instar mosquito larvae of 34 Canadian species belonging to the genera Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, Culiseta, and Wyeomyia may be reliably and simply separated by the absence or presence of the thoracic setae, 8-M and 7-T, and even more so by the number of the metathoracic setal support plates. As the 7-T seta is always inserted on a plate, a larva in the third stage will bear one more plate than in the second stage. In the species studied, the number of metathoracic plates is constant for a given genus at a given instar. Thus an intermediate instar larva, once identified to genus, can be assigned to second or third instar fairly readily by counting the number of setal plates on one side of the metathorax.
THE SEVEN LARVAL INSTARS OF SIMULIUM (PHOSTERODOROS) LUGGERI (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: Fredeen F. J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeven larval instars were reliably detected for S. luggeri N. and M. by measuring the length of the postgena. Instars were less reliably separated by the length of the whole larva. The number of rows of posterior hooklets also separated all instars, but these were difficult to count. The presence of an egg-burster clearly identified the first instar, and separated cervical sclerites, the final instar. However, measurement of postgenal length remained the only practical and reliable method for identifying the remaining five instars.
SYNONYMY OFAPHIS HERACLELLADAVIS 1919 WITHAPHIS HELIANTHIMONELL 1879 (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Addicott John F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAphis heraclellaDavis is synonymized withA.helianthiMonell. This is concluded from the following evidence: (1) the apparent lack of any morphological distinction between these taxa, (2) the phenology of host plant occupation in the field, and (3) host transfer studies.
FECUNDITY, LONGEVITY, AND SEX RATIO OF APHIDIUS NIGRIPES (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE) PARASITIZING DIFFERENT STAGES OF ITS HOST, MACROSIPHUM EUPHORBIAE (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Cloutier Conrad , McNeil Jeremy N. , Regnière Jacques 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe longevity and age specific fecundity, as well as the sex ratio of the progeny, were obtained for Aphidius nigripes Ashmead females given access to the five developmental stages of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). Neither female longevity nor fecundity, as measured by the total number of aphids parasitized, were significantly different for the various host stages. The percentage of females in the progeny decreased as the female parasite aged, and the overall sex ratio of progeny was significantly affected by the host stage attacked although no direct relationship with host size was evident. However in a separate experiment where parasitism was controlled (females not permitted to attack more than 10 hosts per day), the host stage (size) significantly affected the sex ratio of progeny, with more females emerging from larger than smaller hosts.These data indicate that all developmental stages of M. euphorbiae, when presented separately, are suitable to A. nigripes.
INDIRECT ESTIMATION OF SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) GALLERY LENGTH UTILIZING HOST CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Nebeker T. E. , Hackney O. P. , Hocking R. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA technique is presented that requires no direct measurement of gallery length to estimate the total gallery length. Required to obtain the estimate are: (1) an appropriate model for time of year, sample period, and host, (2) tree diameter at breast height, (3) length of infested bole, (4) total tree height, and (5) inner bark thickness. The technique is accurate, less time consuming, and less expensive than direct estimation techniques.
IDENTIFICATION OF HOST ORIGIN OF PARASITES OF BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) BY FATTY ACID COMPOSITION
Authors: Kudon Louis H. , Berisford C. Wayne 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe free fatty acid composition of the southern pine beetle,Dendroctonus frontalisZimmermann, and associated bark beetles was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The lipid composition of several species of hymenopterous parasites matched the bark beetle hosts from which they were reared. Lipids from field collected parasites were compared with the lipid composition of possible bark beetle hosts to determine host of origin. Parasites ovipositing on a host were usually found to have a lipid composition matching that host. Approximately 20% of the parasites that were observed attempting to parasitize the southern pine beetle apparently developed on other bark beetle hosts.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE UTILITY OF THE PRECIPITIN TEST FOR EVALUATION OF ARTHROPOD PREDATOR–PREY RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: McIver James D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA serological technique, the precipitin test, was examined as a method for determining the feeding habits of the spider Pardosa sternalis Thorell (Araneae: Lycosidae). Radial immunodiffusion responses were significantly influenced by quantity of prey consumed, the time elapsed between spider feeding and serological analysis, and the temperature at which spiders were maintained after feeding. Maximum antigen detection time after feeding was 150–200 h for spiders fed varying quantities of prey and held at 25°C and over 400 h for those held at 4°C. Ouchterlony double diffusion tests indicated that although two congeneric prey species could be distinguished from one another, significant cross-reactivity between the two was observed. No such cross-reactivity occurred between more distantly related prey species. The feasibility for utilizing precipitin analyses in field studies of predator–prey relationships is discussed.
BIOSYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS EUXOA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) XV. SEX PHEROMONE CROSS ATTRACTANCY AMONG THE THREE CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES OF THE DECLARATA GROUP
Authors: Byers J. R. , Underhill E. W. , Steck W. F. , Chisholm M. D. , Teal P. E. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMale release-recapture experiments show that under natural photoperiod there is no cross attractancy between species of the sympatric pairs E. declarata and E. campestris or E. declarata and E. rockburnei, but that there is between the parapatric pair, E. campestris and E. rockburnei. When the calling periods of E. declarata and E. campestris females are synchronized by photoperiod manipulation there is cross attraction between these two species as well. However, in mating discrimination tests between E. declarata and E. campestris the normally strong bias against interspecific mating is only partially overcome by synchronizing mating activity rhythms. The residual tendency for conspecific mating is more likely due to imperfect synchronization of mating rhythms or differences in close range courtship behavior than to differences in attraction pheromone. Males of all three species are attracted to the same synthetic attractants. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the attraction pheromones of the three species in the declarata group are very similar and are unlikely to play a major role in reproductive isolation, which is probably effected primarily by differences in circadian rhythms of mating activity.