bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of valgus osteotomy and fixation with dynamic hip screw and 120° double angle barrel plate in the management of neglected and ununited femoral neck fracture in young patients
Authors: Khan Abdul Qayyum , Khan Mohammad Shahnawaz , Sherwani Mohammed Khalid Anwar , Agarwal Rahul 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundHead preservation is the mainstay of management in younger patients with neglected or ununited intracapsular fracture neck of femur. Very few reports have dealt with the results of valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy and fixation with dynamic hip screw in such cases. In this prospective study, we have tried to evaluate the role of valgus osteotomy and fixation with dynamic hip screw and 120° double angle barrel plate in neglected or ununited intracapsular fracture neck of femur in patients below 60 years of age and whose time since injury is equal to or more than 3 weeks.Materials and methodsWe treated 16 such cases with valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy and fixation achieved with dynamic hip screw and 120° double angle barrel plate, with mean age of 36.4 years. The cases were evaluated radiologically and clinically at a mean of 19 months.ResultsIn 14 of the 16 patients, the fracture went on to satisfactory union after an average of 14.7 weeks (10–26.7 weeks). The average Harris hip score increased from 66.6 points (range 55–75 points) before surgery to 88 points (range 75–95 points). All the patients with united fractures were able to sit cross-legged, squat and do one-leg stance. Pain and limitation of motion improved remarkably. Two patients had unfavourable outcome; both had cut-through of the implant, out of the head.ConclusionsValgus intertrochanteric osteotomy is a very cheap and effective procedure to achieve union in neglected and ununited fracture neck femur in young patients. We propose fixation with dynamic hip screw and 120° double angle barrel plate as it provides additional compression and, with valgus osteotomy, improved stability of internal fixation, with few complications.
Rotational and Candidate-Eclipsing-Binary Light Curves for Pre-Main-Sequence Stars in the Chamaeleon I Star-Forming Cloud
Authors: Lawson Warrick A. , Crause Lisa A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe present the results of a photometric survey for variability in ten X-ray-emitting low-mass stars in the Chamaeleon region. Eight of the stars we observed are bona fide pre-main-sequence members of the ∼2 Myr-old Chamaeleon I star-forming cloud. The other two stars are young with high levels of relative X-ray emission, but with discordant proper motions they are probable non-members of the cloud. In six of the stars we monitored, periodic variations on timescales of 2.5–11.5 d were detected, that we ascribe to stellar rotation and the presence of cool starspots. Two other stars, CHXR 20 and CHXR 85, show large amplitude variations at visual and near-infrared wavelengths and are candidate eclipsing binaries. Compared to the rotational properties of low-mass stars in the ≈8 Myr-old η Chamaeleontis cluster, we find that the older η Chamaeleontis stars have several times higher surface specific angular momentum than the younger Chamaeleon I stars. The apparent increase in angular momentum between ∼2 and 8 Myr might be due to changes in stellar internal structure as the stars evolve, or evidence for a different rotational history between members of the two star-forming regions.
THE ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF KNOWLEDGE FLOW HIERARCHIES AMONG INTERNATIONALLY NETWORKED MEDICAL BIOCLUSTERS: A SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Authors: COOKE PHILIP 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper builds on a suite of research studies examining the metamorphosis in industry organisation, as Penrose calls it, regarding the centrality of firm capabilities in biosciences. Whereas knowledge leadership capabilities used to be inside global corporations now they have given way to university laboratories and dedicated biotechnology firm networks to access innovative research. The basic argument is that research centre and small firm knowledge capabilities have generally outstripped those of the multinationals in knowledge‐intensive industry, a consequence of which is a re‐alignment in cause‐and‐effect outcomes shaping economic geography. This is particularly pronounced in biosciences and pharmaceuticals. The paper mobilises a new theoretical framework and new data that support the thesis that a realignment of industry organisation around knowledge capabilities was pioneered in biosciences, is active in other industries, and biosciences is now entering a new phase. This mirrors a rise in systems biology that re‐asserts the dominance of key nodes in global bioeconomy hierarchies.
Delirium in the intensive care unit: a review
Authors: Arend Emma , Christensen Martin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAim: The aim of this paper was to review the current discourse in relation to intensive care unit (ICU) delirium. In particular, it will discuss the predisposing and contributory factors associated with delirium’s development as well as effects of delirium on patients, staff and family members.Background: Critically ill patients are at greater risk of developing delirium and, with an ageing population and increased patient acuity permitted by medical advances, delirium is a growing problem in the ICU. However, there is a universal consensus that the definition of ICU delirium needs improvement to aid its recognition and to ensure both hypoalert‐hypoactive and hyperalert‐hyperactive variants are easily and readily identified.Relevance to clinical practice: The effects of ICU delirium have cost implications to the National Health Service in terms of prolonged ventilation and length of hospital stay. The causes of delirium can be readily classified as either predisposing or precipitating factors, which are organic in nature and commonly reversible. However, contributory factors also exist to exacerbate delirium and having an awareness of all these factors promises to aid prevention and expedite treatment. This will avoid or limit the host of adverse physiological and psychological consequences that delirium can provoke and directly enhance both patient and staff safety.Conclusions: Routine screening of all patients in the ICU for the presence of delirium is crucial to its successful management. Nurses are on the front line to detect, manage and even prevent delirium.
Separation of the Auricular and Annular Ear Cartilages: Surgical Repair Technique and Clinical Use in Dogs and Cats
Authors: TIVERS MICHAEL S. , BROCKMAN DANIEL J. 
Published: April 2009

Objective—To report a surgical technique for primary repair of separation of the annular and auricular cartilages of the ear and long‐term outcome.Study Design—Case series.Animals—Cats (3) and dogs (2) with ear canal separation.Methods—Medical records (1998–2007) of dogs and cats with ear canal separation were reviewed. Long‐term outcome was obtained by telephone interview of owners or referring veterinarians.Results—Three cats and 1 dog had ear canal separation after being hit by a car; there was no history of trauma in 1 dog. Successful repair was achieved by a caudal approach to the ear canal, identifying and debriding separated cartilage edges and using primary repair. A patent ear canal was confirmed in all animals by otoscopy 4–12 weeks later and by ear canalography in 3 animals. Long‐term outcome was excellent with no reported complications 10–90 months later (median 24 months).Conclusions—Both acute and chronic separation between the annular and auricular cartilages, in the absence of middle ear disease, can be successfully treated using primary repair via a caudal approach to the ear canal, with excellent long‐term outcome.Clinical Relevance—Primary repair should be considered in animals with separation of the annular and auricular cartilages.
The Changing Lex Arbitri of the UAE
Authors:   Luttrell
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe United Arab Emirates has experienced rapid economic growth in the last decade. As part of the Federation's broader plan to attract foreign investment, an ambitious program of commercial legal modernization was undertaken. The UAE has never had a dedicated arbitration law—arbitration is governed by a handful of articles of the Federal Code of Civil Procedure. One of the tasks given to the Ministry of Economy was to produce a sui generis statute that would bring UAE arbitration law into line with international best practice. A draft of the Federal Law on Arbitration and the Enforcement of Arbitral Awards was released for comment in 2008, and, after a positive reception, the new law is awaiting promulgation. This paper is intended to introduce UAE arbitration law and explain the main differences between the outgoing Civil Code regime and the incoming framework of the new federal arbitration law.
Heroes of the Nation? The Celebration of Scientists on the Postage Stamps of Great Britain, France and West Germany
Authors: Jones Robert A. 
Published: April 2009

Despite their easy availability, postage stamps have received little attention as historical source material. One of the aims of this article is to demonstrate the utility of postage stamps for the study of the construction of national attitudes and cultures — in this instance, national attitudes to science and scientists. It has frequently been suggested that science has not been afforded the same level of respect in Britain that is usual in many continental countries. This article compares the representation of science and scientists on postage stamps in Britain, France and West Germany during the period 1951–90, to see if this supposed difference in attitudes is evident. An analysis of the number of stamps representing science during this period shows that the subject was not unfavourably treated on British stamps compared with those of the other two countries. There was, however, a marked difference in the way that science was celebrated on British stamps. Whereas France and West Germany gave prominence to the individual scientist, British stamps favoured the institutional aspects of science. This difference can be partly explained by the issue policies of the postal authorities, but is chiefly due to the different messages that the three countries were trying to send about themselves and does not seem to be a symptom of different national attitudes to science. The role of postage stamps in celebrating and helping to define the national culture is briefly discussed and compared with other forms of acknowledgement of the role of science in popular culture, such as the design of bank notes and national festivals.
Mesenteric Arteriopathy in the Rat Induced by Phosphodiesterase III Inhibitors: An Investigation of Morphological, Ultrastructural, and Hemodynamic Changes
Authors: Joseph E.C. , Rees J.A. , Dayan A.D. 
Published: April 2009

A reproducible model of a phosphodiesterase III (PDE III) inhibitor-induced arteriopathy has been developed in the rat after subcutaneous administration of SK&F 95654. Administration of this potent PDE III inhibitor induced an arteriopathy of mesenteric arteries within 24 hr that was dose-related in intensity and incidence over the range 0.174, 0.348, 0.523, and 0.697 mmol/kg. The arteriopathy was restricted to muscular arteries of external diameter of 100-800 μm and was shown microscopically to be focal or segmental medial necrosis and hemorrhage. A time-course experiment, conducted from 3 to 24 hr postdosing, showed that the first changes observed 6 hr postdosing were on the endothelium followed by focal hemorrhages into the media at 12 hr postdosing, causing compression, degeneration, and necrosis of myocytes. From 16 hr postdosing, there was focal endothelial cell necrosis and loss of confluence. Leukocytes and activated platelets were found adhering to exposed basement lamina and seen to pass through endothelial gaps into the subintima. By 24 hr postdosing, medial necrosis was extensive with large areas of media replaced by erythrocytes, cell debris, and a few leukocytes and platelets.The effect of 3 structurally dissimilar PDE III inhibitors administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.697 mmol/kg was compared with that of SK&F 95654. The arteriopathy induced by these compounds were identical to that produced by SK&F 95654 with the incidence and severity of lesions ranked in the following order: SK&F 95654 > WIN 62582 > SK&F 94836, with no macroscopic lesions observed for SK&F 94120. Systolic blood pressure was measured for these 4 PDE III inhibitors at regular intervals over the 24-hr period postadministration by a plesthymographic method. The severity of the arterial lesions correlated with the magnitude of hypotension induced by these agents. It is postulated that the arterial damage is a consequence of profound vasodilation resulting in abnormal endothelial permeability and increased wall tension, resulting in progressive medial necrosis and hemorrhage.
Influence of Donor Age on the Biomechanical and Biochemical Properties of Human Meniscal Allografts
Authors: Bursac Predrag , York Amanda , Kuznia Paulette , Brown Lauren M. , Arnoczky Steven P. 
Published: April 2009

Background Although the use of meniscal allografts to replace severely damaged or absent menisci is commonplace, little is known about the effects of donor age on the biochemical and biomechanical properties of human menisci. Hypothesis The mechanical and biochemical properties of human medial and lateral menisci from donors less than 45 years of age do not vary with donor age. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Thirty-three lateral and 25 medial menisci from 34 donors (26 male and 8 female) ranging from 15 to 44 years of age were harvested and immediately stored at —80°C. The outer third of each meniscus was subjected to static and dynamic tensile analysis. In addition, the biochemical composition (collagen, proteoglycan, and water content) of these samples was analyzed. Results There was no correlation between donor age and static tensile stiffness for either the lateral (R2 = .003) or medial (R2 = .002) meniscus. Likewise, there was no correlation between donor age and dynamic tensile modulus for either the lateral or medial meniscus. Although there was a weak, positive correlation between water content and age in both lateral (R2 = .22) and medial (R2 = .25) menisci, there was no effect of age on collagen or proteoglycan content. There were no differences (P > .05) between female and male menisci in any of the measured biomechanical or biochemical parameters tested. Conclusion The tensile properties, as well as the collagen and proteoglycan content, of menisci from donors less than 45 years of age were not age dependent. Clinical Relevance The age of the donor does not appear to affect the initial tensile properties of menisci from donors less than 45 years of age.
Active Control of Vibration and Noise Radiation from Fluid-Loaded Cylinder using Active Constrained Layer Damping
Authors: Laplante W. , Chen T. , Baz A. , Sheilds W. 
Published: April 2009

Vibration and sound radiation from fluid-loaded cylindrical shells are controlled using patches of Active Constrained Layer Damping (ACLD). The performance and the enhanced damping characteristics via reduced vibrations and sound radiation in the surrounding fluid is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. A prime motivation for this work is the potential wide applications in submarines and torpedoes where acoustic stealth is critical to the effectiveness of missions. A finite element model is also developed to predict the vibration and the acoustic radiation in the surrounding fluid of the ACLD-treated cylinders. The developed model is used to study the effectiveness of the control and placement strategies of the ACLD in controlling the fluid-structure interactions. A water tank is constructed that incorporates test cylinders treated with two ACLD patches placed for targeting specific vibration modes. Using this arrangement, the effectiveness of different control strategies is studied when the submerged cylinders are subjected to internal excitation, and the radiated sound pressure level in the water is observed. Comparisons are made between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions to validate the finite element model.
Ligand-induced EpoR internalization is mediated by JAK2 and p85 and is impaired by mutations responsible for primary familial and congenital polycythemia
Authors: Sulahian Rita , Cleaver Ondine , Huang Lily Jun-shen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEpo-induced endocytosis of EpoR plays important roles in the down-regulation of EpoR signaling and is the primary means that regulates circulating Epo concentrations. Here we show that cell-surface EpoR is internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Both JAK2 kinase activity and EpoR cytoplasmic tyrosines are important for ligand-dependent EpoR internalization. Phosphorylated Y429, Y431, and Y479 in the EpoR cytoplasmic domain bind p85 subunit of PI3 kinase on Epo stimulation and individually are sufficient to mediate Epo-dependent EpoR internalization. Knockdown of p85α and p85β or expression of their dominant-negative forms, but not inhibition of PI3 kinase activity, dramatically impaired EpoR internalization, indicating that p85α and p85β may recruit proteins in the endocytic machinery on Epo stimulation. Furthermore, mutated EpoRs from primary familial and congenital polycythemia (PFCP) patients lacking the 3 important tyrosines do not bind p85 or internalize on stimulation. Addition of residues encompassing Y429 and Y431 to these truncated receptors restored p85β binding and Epo sensitivity. Our results identify a novel PI3 kinase activity-independent function of p85 in EpoR internalization and support a model that defects of internalization in truncated EpoRs from PFCP patients contribute to Epo hypersensitivity and prolonged signaling.
Sustained high-level polyclonal hematopoietic marking and transgene expression 4 years after autologous transplantation of rhesus macaques with SIV lentiviral vector–transduced CD34+ cells
Authors: Kim Yoo-Jin , Kim Yoon-Sang , Larochelle Andre , Renaud Gabriel , Wolfsberg Tyra G. , Adler Rima , Donahue Robert E. , Hematti Peiman , Hong Bum-Kee , Roayaei Jean , Akagi Keiko , Riberdy Janice M. , Nienhuis Arthur W. , Dunbar Cynthia E. , Persons Derek A. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
We previously reported that lentiviral vectors derived from the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) were efficient at transducing rhesus hematopoietic repopulating cells. To evaluate the persistence of vector-containing and -expressing cells long term, and the safety implications of SIV lentiviral vector–mediated gene transfer, we followed 3 rhesus macaques for more than 4 years after transplantation with transduced CD34+ cells. All 3 animals demonstrated significant vector marking and expression of the GFP transgene in T cells, B cells, and granulocytes, with mean GFP+ levels of 6.7% (range, 3.3%-13.0%), 7.4% (4.2%-13.4%), and 5.6% (3.1%-10.5%), respectively. There was no vector silencing in hematopoietic cells over time. Vector insertion site analysis of granulocytes demonstrated sustained highly polyclonal reconstitution, with no evidence for progression to oligoclonality. A significant number of clones were found to contribute at both 1-year and 3- or 4-year time points. No vector integrations were detected in the MDS1/EVI1 region, in contrast to our previous findings with a γ-retroviral vector. These data show that lentiviral vectors can mediate stable and efficient long-term expression in the progeny of transduced hematopoietic stem cells, with an integration profile that may be safer than that of standard Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV)–derived retroviral vectors.
Fatal Intracranial Bleed Potentially Due to a Warfarin and Influenza Vaccine Interaction
Authors: Carroll Douglas N , Carroll Dana G 
Published: April 2009

Objective: To report a case of fatal intracranial bleeding possibly due to an interaction between warfarin and inactivated influenza vaccination. Case Summary: A 64-year-old white male was admitted to the hospital after becoming unresponsive. The family reported a 2-day history of bleeding from the patient's rectum prior to admission. He had no recent changes in medical conditions or medication regimen, which included warfarin for stroke prophylaxis secondary to atrial fibrillation. The patient had received an inactivated influenza vaccine 4½ weeks prior to presentation, at which time his international normalized ratio (INR) was 2.0. Upon admission, the patient's INR was greater than 15: INR values over the previous 6 months had been relatively stable {range 1.4–4.7). A noncontrast computed tomography scan of the head showed a large parenchymal hemorrhagic infarction involving the left temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. In the emergency department, the patient received a nitroglycerin infusion to maintain systolic blood pressure In the range of 140–160 mm Hg as well as an infusion of 4 units of fresh frozen plasma and 10 mg of vitamin K. Following a neurosurgery evaluation, it was determined that nothing meaningful could be done to alter the patient's outcome positivefy, and he died approximately 17 hours after admission. Discussion: To date, most reports of concomitant warfarin therapy and influenza vaccination indicate no significant change in average anticoagulation parameters. However, there are reports of individuals who may have experienced increased anticoagulation following influenza vaccination. The reason for these increases is unknown, but may involve only certain components of the vaccine, which is altered almost annually. Our patient's significant INR elevation, after being relatively stable for at least 6 months, was thought to be due to an interaction between warfarin and the influenza vaccination. The Horn Drug Interaction Probability Scale indicated a possible interaction between warfarin and the influenza vaccination. Conclusions: Considering the outcome in our patient, as well as outcomes in other individuals who have experienced an increased INR in a similar scenario, it appears justified to implement more frequent INR evaluations during the 4–6 weeks following influenza vaccination.