bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Throughput Screening at Biosafety Level 2 with High Flexibility: MicroStar BSL2
Authors: Dawson Jack 
Published: May 2009

Screening compounds for potency against human etiologic agents represents a rapidly growing area in drug discovery. Running such assays at high throughput, however, poses unique challenges. First, automation procedures must be enclosed to protect both the operator and the environment. And second, these systems must be easily adaptable, so that technicians can take full advantage of evolving technology in this area. This article will describe the MicroStar Biosafety Level 2 (BSL2), a new offering from HighRes Biosolutions (HighRes) that is the only fully automated BSL2 platform available to the life science community. The MicroStar BSL2 offers the unique benefits of the HighRes docking technology placed inside a fully certified Class II Biological Safety Cabinet, allowing the automated screening of microbial agents up to and including BSL2+. This article will first present the main components of the MicroStar BSL2, before describing existing and future scientific applications for the system.
Public Health Surveillance Meets Translational Informatics: A Desiderata
Authors: Mirhaji Parsa 
Published: May 2009

“Public health surveillance (PHS) is the ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data regarding a health-related event for use in public health action to reduce morbidity and mortality and to improve health.” As information technology gains acceptance as a core element of public health practice, many approaches to the design of PHS systems have been proposed, much has been spent implementing them, and expectations have been high. Unfortunately, the systems implemented so far have been criticized as having not met expectations, especially in the domain of early detection and bioterrorism readiness, or so-called syndromic surveillance (The term “syndromic surveillance” applies to monitoring health-related data that precede diagnosis to signal a sufficient probability of a case or an outbreak that warrants public health response.). There are no fully established frameworks to enable seamless interoperability, information sharing, and collaboration among PHS stakeholders and the technological and infrastructural requirements to fulfill the grand vision of initiatives such as the Public Health Information Network and National Health Information Network are poorly investigated and documented. In this article, we examine the current state of the conceptualization, design, analysis, and implementation of PHS systems from a translational informatics perspective. Although most examples in this article are informed by the needs of public health preparedness (syndromic and bioterrorism detection and response), we believe the framework we introduce is generalizable and applicable to the broader context of PHS systems. We also apply concepts from cognitive science and knowledge engineering to suggest directions for improvement and further research.
Coping repertoire: Integrating a new conceptualization of coping with transactional theory
Authors: Duhachek Adam , Kelting Katie 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis research develops the construct of coping repertoire, a new trait‐based conceptualization of coping based on the number of strategies consumers use in coping with consumer stress. We posit that the number of strategies consumers use is an important determinant of consumers' coping confidence appraisals, a key determinant of consumers' ability to effectively manage stress. In five studies, we establish the importance of this construct and the mechanism through which it influences appraisal. These studies establish the theoretical importance of coping repertoire as an important moderator, and we conclude with a discussion of future research related to this coping perspective.
Understanding the influence of literacy on consumer memory: The role of pictorial elements
Authors: Viswanathan Madhubalan , Torelli Carlos J. , Xia Lan , Gau Roland 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis research examines the relationship between literacy and consumer memory. The effects of a variety of stimuli at exposure (i.e., brand names, brand signatures, and products in usage) on memory (i.e., recognition, stem‐completion tasks) were examined for a range of literacy. In a series of experiments, we find that the use of pictorial representations of brands (i.e., brand signatures) results in superior brand memory for individuals with lower literacy levels when compared to those at higher literacy levels. This effect is shown to occur not due to pictorial elements per se, but due to pictorial elements with a 1‐to‐1 correspondence with reality, i.e., which match the form in which they were originally encoded in memory. Moreover, this effect does not persist with stimulus‐rich pictures of brands in usage, pointing to boundary conditions with the use of pictorial information.
Die STIKO-Impfempfehlungen – prä- und postexpositionelle Prophylaxemaßnahmen
Authors: Hofmann Friedrich 
Published: May 2009

Einleitung
Die Ständige Impfkommission am Robert Koch-Institut (STIKO) gibt i.d.R. jährlich neue und aktualisierte Impfempfehlungen heraus. Derzeit werden 12 Impfungen für alle Säuglinge, Kinder und Jugendliche empfohlen. Ergänzend besteht eine weitere Impfindikation (HPV-Impfung) für 12–17 jährige Mädchen sowie die Empfehlung der Influenzaimpfung für Senioren (>60 Jahre). Hinzu kommen 20 Indikations- und Auffrischimpfungen. Schließlich finden sich in den STIKO-Empfehlungen auch für 13 Infektionen/Erkrankungen Anweisungen zur Postexpositionsprophylaxe.
Impfungen aus Sicht der Anthroposophischen Medizin
Authors: Schmidt-Troschke Stefan O. 
Published: May 2009

Einleitung
In der Anthroposophischen Medizin (AM) wie auch der Homöopathie begegnen sie Ausprägungen der Medizin, deren Anspruch per se darin besteht, eine individualisierte Perspektive gegenüber dem Patienten einzunehmen. Der Gestus, sich als Patient der AM zuzuwenden, ist daher bereits von bestimmten Erwartungen getragen: Routine- oder Serieninterventionen, wie Impfungen, werden nicht regelhaft abgelehnt, aber mit dem Anspruch versehen, eine Maßnahme zu sein, die sich sinnvoll in den individuellen biologischen, sozialen und biographischen Kontext einpasst. Patienten, die eine komplementärmedizinische Behandlung in Anspruch nehmen, sind darüber hinaus häufig an der nachhaltigen Wirksamkeit von therapeutischen Interventionen interessiert.
HPV-Impfung: Kosten-Nutzen-Analysen in Europa
Authors: Hillemanns Peter 
Published: May 2009

EinleitungSeit März 2007 empfiehlt die Ständige Impfkommission die Impfung gegen Humane Papillomviren (HPV) für Mädchen von 12 bis 17 Jahren (STIKO, 2007). Neben der Wirksamkeit wird auch die Kosteneffektivität der Impfung diskutiert; d.h. die Frage, ob der Nutzen der Impfung die höheren Kosten im Vergleich zum alleinigen Screening rechtfertigt. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wurden zahlreiche Kosten-Nutzen-Analysen durchgeführt. In diesem Review sollen Methodik und Ergebnisse der Analysen dargestellt werden, die bei nationalen Erstattungsentscheidungen in Europa zugrunde gelegt wurden.
Impfungen von Senioren in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Authors: Hallauer Johannes F. 
Published: May 2009

Einleitung
Schutzimpfungen zählen zu den effektivsten und kostengünstigsten Präventionsmaßnahmen in der modernen Medizin (Schneeweiß et al., 2008). Auch wenn Impfungen im Kindesalter häufig im Focus der Aufmerksamkeit stehen, bedarf die Impfprävention im Erwachsenenalter zunehmender Beachtung. Gerade Senioren und chronisch Kranke benötigen einen guten Impfschutz, da die Leistungsfähigkeit des Immunsystems im Alter abnimmt (Ghendon, 2007; Madjid et al., 2008).
Holocene fire and vegetation dynamics in a montane forest, North Cascade Range, Washington, USA
Authors: Prichard Susan J. , Gedalof Ze'ev , Oswald W. Wyatt , Peterson David L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe reconstructed a 10,500-yr fire and vegetation history of a montane site in the North Cascade Range, Washington State based on lake sediment charcoal, macrofossil and pollen records. High-resolution sampling and abundant macrofossils made it possible to analyze relationships between fire and vegetation. During the early Holocene (> 10,500 to ca. 8000 cal yr BP) forests were subalpine woodlands dominated by Pinus contorta. Around 8000 cal yr BP, P. contorta sharply declined in the macrofossil record. Shade tolerant, mesic species first appeared ca. 4500 cal yr BP. Cupressus nootkatensis appeared most recently at 2000 cal yr BP. Fire frequency varies throughout the record, with significantly shorter mean fire return intervals in the early Holocene than the mid and late Holocene. Charcoal peaks are significantly correlated with an initial increase in macrofossil accumulation rates followed by a decrease, likely corresponding to tree mortality following fire. Climate appears to be a key driver in vegetation and fire regimes over millennial time scales. Fire and other disturbances altered forest vegetation at shorter time scales, and vegetation may have mediated local fire regimes. For example, dominance of P. contorta in the early Holocene forests may have been reinforced by its susceptibility to frequent, stand-replacing fire events.
Geomorphology and glacial history of Rauer Group, East Antarctica
Authors: White Duanne A. , Bennike Ole , Berg Sonja , Harley Simon L. , Fink David , Kiernan Kevin , McConnell Anne , Wagner Bernd 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe presence of glacial sediments across the Rauer Group indicates that the East Antarctic ice sheet formerly covered the entire archipelago and has since retreated at least 15 km from its maximum extent. The degree of weathering of these glacial sediments suggests that ice retreat from this maximum position occurred sometime during the latter half of the last glacial cycle. Following this phase of retreat, the ice sheet margin has not expanded more than ∼ 1 km seaward of its present position. This pattern of ice sheet change matches that recorded in Vestfold Hills, providing further evidence that the diminutive Marine Isotope Stage 2 ice sheet advance in the nearby Larsemann Hills may have been influenced by local factors rather than a regional ice-sheet response to climate and sea-level change.
Agreement in the interpretation of magnetic resonance images of the lumbar spine
Authors: Kovacs F. M. , Royuela A. , Jensen T. S. , Estremera A. , Amengual G. , Muriel A. , Galarraga I. , Martínez C. , Arana E. , Sarasíbar H. , Salgado R. M. , Abraira V. , López Ó. , Campillo C. , Gil del Real M. T. , Zamora J. 
Published: May 2009

Background: Correlation between clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings is essential in low-back-pain patients. Most previous studies have analyzed concordance in the interpretation of lumbar MRI among a few radiologists who worked together. This may have overestimated concordance. Purpose: To evaluate intra- and interobserver agreement in the interpretation of lumbar MRI performed in an open 0.2T system. Material and Methods: Seven radiologists from two different geographic settings in Spain interpreted the lumbar MRIs of 50 subjects representative of the general Danish population aged 40 years. The radiologists interpreted the images in routine clinical practice, having no knowledge of the clinical and demographic characteristics of the subjects and blinded to their colleagues’ assessments. Six of the radiologists evaluated the same MRIs 14 days later, having no knowledge of the previous results. Data on the existence of disc degeneration, high-intensity zones, disc contour, Schmorl nodes, Modic changes, osteophytes, spondylolisthesis, and spinal stenosis were collected in the Nordic Modic Consensus Group Classification form. Intra- and interobserver agreement was analyzed for variables with a prevalence ≥10% and ≤90% by means of the kappa statistic. Results: Intra- and interobserver agreement was excellent for variables related to Modic changes, and fair to good for disc contour, high-intensity zones, and Schmorl nodes. The evaluations for disc degeneration and osteophytes were found to have fair to good intraobserver agreement and poor interobserver agreement. The agreement for the evaluations of spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis was not analyzed because they were observed in <10% of reports. Conclusion: Images from 0.2T MRIs appear to lead to good agreement in the reporting of disc contour, high-intensity zones, Schmorl nodes, and, in particular, Modic changes, suggesting that they can possibly be reliably used for clinical research purposes. In contrast, assessment of osteophytes and disc degeneration is not reliable.
Limitations of single slice dynamic contrast enhanced MR in pharmacokinetic modeling of bone sarcomas
Authors: Toms Andoni P. , White Lawrence M. , Kandel Rita , Bleakney Robert R. , Noseworthy Michael , Lee Shepstone , Blackstein Martin E. , Wunder Jay 
Published: May 2009

Background: Single slice dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) appears to provide perfusion data about sarcomas in vivo that correlate with tumor necrosis on equivalent pathological sections. However, sarcomas are heterogeneous and therefore single slice DCE-MRI may not correlate with total tumor necrosis. Purpose: To determine whether changes in pharmacokinetic modeling of DCE-MRI, during chemotherapy for primary bone sarcomas correlated with histological measures of total tumor necrosis. Material and Methods: Twelve patients with appendicular primary bone sarcomas were included in the study. Each patient had DCE-MRI before, and after completion, of pre-operative chemotherapy. The mean arterial slope (A), endothelial permeability coefficient (Ktrans), and extravascular extracellular volume (Ve) were derived from each data set using a modified two compartment pharmacokinetic model. Total tumor necrosis rates were compared with changes in A, Ktrans, and Ve. Results: Six patients had total tumor necrosis of ≥90% and six had a measure of <90%. The median percentage changes in A, Ktrans, and Ve for the ≥90% necrosis group were −52.5% (−83 to 6), −66% (−82 to 26), and 23.5% (−26 to 40), respectively. For the <90% necrosis group, A = − 35% (−75 to 132), Ktrans= − 53 (−66 to 149) and Ve= − 14.5% (−42 to 40). One patient with >90% necrosis had increases in all three measures. Comparison of the two groups generated P-values of 0.699 for A, 0.18 for Ktrans, and 0.31 for Ve. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant correlation between changes in pharmacokinetic perfusion parameters and total tumor necrosis. When using single slice DCE-MRI heterogeneous histology of primary bone sarcomas and repair mediated angiogenesis might both be confounding factors.
pGenTHREADER and pDomTHREADER: new methods for improved protein fold recognition and superfamily discrimination
Authors: Lobley Anna , Sadowski Michael I. , Jones David T. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Generation of structural models and recognition of homologous relationships for unannotated protein sequences are fundamental problems in bioinformatics. Improving the sensitivity and selectivity of methods designed for these two tasks therefore has downstream benefits for many other bioinformatics applications.
Results: We describe the latest implementation of the GenTHREADER method for structure prediction on a genomic scale. The method combines profile–profile alignments with secondary-structure specific gap-penalties, classic pair- and solvation potentials using a linear combination optimized with a regression SVM model. We find this combination significantly improves both detection of useful templates and accuracy of sequence-structure alignments relative to other competitive approaches. We further present a second implementation of the protocol designed for the task of discriminating superfamilies from one another. This method, pDomTHREADER, is the first to incorporate both sequence and structural data directly in this task and improves sensitivity and selectivity over the standard version of pGenTHREADER and three other standard methods for remote homology detection.
Contact: d.jones@cs.ucl.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ESG: extended similarity group method for automated protein function prediction
Authors: Chitale Meghana , Hawkins Troy , Park Changsoon , Kihara Daisuke 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMotivation: Importance of accurate automatic protein function prediction is ever increasing in the face of a large number of newly sequenced genomes and proteomics data that are awaiting biological interpretation. Conventional methods have focused on high sequence similarity-based annotation transfer which relies on the concept of homology. However, many cases have been reported that simple transfer of function from top hits of a homology search causes erroneous annotation. New methods are required to handle the sequence similarity in a more robust way to combine together signals from strongly and weakly similar proteins for effectively predicting function for unknown proteins with high reliability.Results: We present the extended similarity group (ESG) method, which performs iterative sequence database searches and annotates a query sequence with Gene Ontology terms. Each annotation is assigned with probability based on its relative similarity score with the multiple-level neighbors in the protein similarity graph. We will depict how the statistical framework of ESG improves the prediction accuracy by iteratively taking into account the neighborhood of query protein in the sequence similarity space. ESG outperforms conventional PSI-BLAST and the protein function prediction (PFP) algorithm. It is found that the iterative search is effective in capturing multiple-domains in a query protein, enabling accurately predicting several functions which originate from different domains.Availability: ESG web server is available for automated protein function prediction at http://dragon.bio.purdue.edu/ESG/Contact: cspark@cau.ac.kr; dkihara@purdue.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Measurement and visual verification of fish target strength using an acoustic-optical system attached to a trawlnet
Authors: Ryan Tim E. , Kloser Rudy J. , Macaulay Gavin J. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Ryan, T. E., Kloser, R. J., and Macaulay, G. J. 2009. Measurement and visual verification of fish target strength using an acoustic-optical system attached to a trawlnet. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1238–1244. It is difficult to make acoustic target-strength (TS) measurements of fish behaving naturally in deep-water habitats. The fish may avoid the acoustic instrumentation, and, if measured, there is uncertainty about their species and their orientation relative to the incident sound. To address these issues, a novel acoustic-optical system (AOS) has been developed, which combines a battery-powered, dual-frequency, split-beam acoustic system with a low-light video camera. The AOS attaches to the headline of a commercial deep-water demersal trawlnet that herds fish past the AOS and to the codend. This paper describes initial trials of the AOS to measure calibrated TS of New Zealand orange roughy, validated with video images. The fish species were visually identified, and their behaviour and orientation were approximated. The trawl catch provided associated samples for species identification and measurements of their length and other biological metrics. The combination of acoustics and optics in a net-mountable system constitutes a powerful sampling tool with broader applications in fishery research and ecosystem investigations.
Overexpression of the Transcription FactorAP37in Rice Improves Grain Yield under Drought Conditions
Authors: Oh Se-Jun , Kim Youn Shic , Kwon Chang-Woo , Park Hye Kyong , Jeong Jin Seo , Kim Ju-Kon 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTranscription factors with an APETELA2 (AP2) domain have been implicated in various cellular processes involved in plant development and stress responses. Of the 139 AP2 genes predicted in rice (Oryza sativa), we identified 42 genes in our current study that are induced by one or more stress conditions, including drought, high salinity, low temperature, and abscisic acid. Phylogenic analysis of these 42 stress-inducible AP2 genes revealed the presence of six subgroups (I–VI) with distinct signature motifs. Two genes, AP37 and AP59, representing subgroups I and II, respectively, were functionally characterized. Both genes were found to be induced upon 2 h of exposure to drought and high-salinity conditions but to differ in their expression profile upon exposure to low temperature and abscisic acid. The overexpression of AP37 and AP59 in rice under the control of the constitutive promoter OsCc1 increased the tolerance to drought and high salinity at the vegetative stage. Increased tolerance to low temperatures was observed only in OsCc1:AP37 plants. More importantly, the OsCc1:AP37 plants showed significantly enhanced drought tolerance in the field, which increased grain yield by 16% to 57% over controls under severe drought conditions, yet exhibited no significant difference under normal growth conditions. In contrast, grain yield in OsCc1:AP59 plants in the field was reduced by 23% to 43% compared with controls under both normal and drought stress conditions. Microarray experiments identified 10 and 38 genes that are up-regulated by AP37 and AP59, respectively, in addition to 37 genes that are commonly induced by both factors. Our results suggest that the AP37 gene has the potential to improve drought tolerance in rice without causing undesirable growth phenotypes.