bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Study Elite Networks?
Authors: Vuković Vuk 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 defines the concept of elite networks. It provides a formal definition, discusses the logic behind the creation of networks, and provides several visualizations of the most obvious examples of elite networks, with an emphasis on network superhubs in finance and politics. It then draws a map of political interactions and uses Olson’s logic of interest group behavior based on their relative power and salience to place elite networks on that spectrum. Finally, it describes how to quantify and establish elite network outcomes.
Political Networks and Wages of Top Corporate Income Earners
Authors: Vuković Vuk 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 summarizes the empirical evidence that confirms the theoretical intuition laid out in the previous two chapters. It presents evidence using a large database of corporate executives of publicly listed companies in order to measure directly how they might be connected to politicians. A political connection implies any channel through which a top-ranked corporate executive could form an informal interaction with an office-holding politician. Once such an informal relationship is established, favors can be exchanged; the executive gets beneficial regulation or government contracts, and the politician gets campaign donations or direct bribes. When the executive successfully extracts rents for his firm, he demands a higher compensation as a reward for his efforts. The empirical evidence supports this hypothesis and finds that politically connected executives, by assumption elite network members, tend to have higher salaries and total earnings than nonconnected executives.
Motivation for Politicians
Authors: Vuković Vuk 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 presents theoretical and empirical justifications and explanations of why politicians would enter an elite network type of relationship. They benefit in two ways: preserving their position of power through building small winning coalitions, and by directly or indirectly extracting rents. This is where elite network theory meets the selectorate theory and paints a complete picture of the motivation of political survival. Rents can come in the form of bribes and kickbacks to direct usurpation of office for private gain. The chapter concludes by presenting empirical findings linking corruption, in the form of rent-extraction, directly to re-election possibilities of politicians. The data is drawn from the case of Croatia, where corruption has been directly approximated using fraudulent procurement contracts.
The Practices of Indian and Brazilian Infrastructure Builders in Africa
Authors: Dye Barnaby Joseph , Alencastro Mathias , Oliveira Ricardo Soares de 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Actors from the Global South have transformed Africa’s twenty-first-century international relations, but the literature has primarily focused on China, overlooking the true diversity of other “new” actors on the continent. This chapter addresses two alternative, prominent countries that have become major financiers and builders of infrastructure: India and Brazil. We focus on the practices involved in India and Brazil’s infrastructure engagements in Africa, providing an overview of the main state financing mechanisms, the key companies involved, and the patterns of governmental decision making. Using detailed empirics, we assert the importance of taking the private sector as a serious agent in forging international relations by making specific infrastructure deals, forging relations with African governments and determining construction practices. We also trace the refraction of domestic politics into the international sphere connected to infrastructure building in Africa.
South-South Cooperation Monitoring Movements
Authors: Waisbich Laura Trajber 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter investigates accountability-related mobilization practices of civil society organizations from Brazil, China, and India, alongside peer organizations in Africa. The chapter examines how these organizations engage in the politics of contestation around infrastructure projects in Africa throughout the 2010s. It provides a comparative analysis of the framings and repertoires used by civil society actors and the issues that citizen-led collective action produces in the context of expanding South-South cooperation (SSC) in Africa by rising powers. By focusing on dynamics of social mobilization in the context of Southern-led development cooperation, the chapter helps to better understanding how citizens demand and forge alternative citizen-led forms of participation and political control over this burgeoning transnational arena. In doing so, the chapter connects SSC-related mobilization dynamics to evolving state-society relations in the context of foreign policymaking in Brazil, China, and India, and how these influence African infrastructure globalities.
The Bosniaks
Authors: Mujanovic Jasmin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
For the first time in nearly two centuries, one ethnic group now constitutes an absolute majority of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s population: the Bosniaks. It is an unlikely development given that, scarcely thirty years ago, they were targeted for extermination and expulsion by Serbia’s Slobodan Milošević. Even as the Bosniak community fought to survive these atrocities, it simultaneously came under attack from militants led by Croatian president Franjo Tuđman, who attempted to partition Bosnia and Herzegovina between Zagreb and Belgrade. Improbably, the Bosniaks and the Bosnian state survived these campaigns. But the country’s fractious sectarian post-war order has produced the world’s most convoluted constitutional regime, always teetering on the brink of collapse. Jasmin Mujanović illuminates the sources of contemporary Bosniak political identity, tracing the evolution of a religious community into a secular nation, and shedding light on the future of a nation at a crossroads. He explores the idea of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a “national homeland,” considers how narratives of genocide influence self-identity, and probes how demographic changes are putting pressure on the country’s political framework. The fate of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s peace and democracy rests on the Bosniaks’ shoulders--and with it, the stability of all Southeastern Europe.
The Politics of the Bosnian Genocide
Authors: Mujanovic Jasmin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the political origins of the Bosnian Genocide, arguing that there is an overwhelming degree of evidence that the ideological and practical preparations for the extermination of the Bosniak people between 1992 and 1995 by Serbian proxy forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina originated as early as the mid-1980s in the senior levels of the Belgrade political and military establishments. It also examines the shared attempt to partition Bosnia and Herzegovina between then political leadership in Croatia and Serbia, and their respective proxy forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Life at the Limits of Language
Authors: Edwards Terra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 provides the theoretical and practical background needed to understand the main arguments of the book, as well as their contribution to theories of language in social context. In particular, it provides an elaborated discussion about how linguists have distinguished statements about the world, or “propositions” from the world itself. Drawing on innovations in anthropological theory, I introduce a distinction between “non-propositional” and “propositional” meaning, or “semiosis”, in order to account for the existential foundations of language. Integrating this conceptual framework with situated observations about everyday life among DeafBlind people in the U.S., before and after the inception of the protactile movement, frames the question at the heart of the book: What use is language, as a means of representing the world, when the world itself is threatening to break apart, turn into a distant memory, or, in the end, just go silent.
Introduction
Authors: Roscini Marco 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The principle of non-intervention in the domestic affairs of other states is a venerable principle of international law but determination of its exact content remains an enigma. This book addresses what constitutes an ‘intervention’ in international law and when such intervention is unlawful. The approach is from three different perspectives, which are reflected in the book’s structure—historical, theoretical, and systemic—using predominantly desk- and library-based research involving rigorous analysis of primary materials and qualitative data evidencing the practice of states and relevant international organizations. By adopting this approach, the book provides a systematic and coherent analysis of the principle of non-intervention. The sources used are mainly those listed in Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice (ICJ): treaties (including resolutions of treaty-based international organizations), customary international law, general principles of law, and in a subsidiary role, the ‘judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations’.
The Principle of Non-Intervention in the Information Age: Cyber Operations as a New Means of Coercion in the Domestic Affairs of States
Authors: Roscini Marco 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
It is now uncontested that the application of the principle of non-intervention extends to cyber operations. What remains controversial is what type of cyber operations are coercive. Those resulting or designed to result in material damage or in loss of functionality of infrastructure involve an exercise of power by a state on the territory of another and constitute forcible coercion. If they compel the target state into doing or not doing something, they amount to dictatorial coercion. Cyber operations are a violation of the principle of non-intervention also when they involve the unauthorized extraterritorial access to non-publicly available data. Disinformation operations, on the other hand, are a new type of coercion of state at least when they disseminate fake or inaccurate information to prevent the electorate from casting their vote. Finally, cyber operations in support of foreign subversive, terrorist or armed opposition groups are prohibited by the principle of non-intervention.
The Limits of Democratic Dissent, 1830–48
Authors: Brophy James M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
How the doctrine of radicalism increasingly distinguished itself from liberalism after 1830 looms as a central question for social, political, and intellectual historians. This chapter examines the print circuits of radicalism to clarify its commercial and political circumstances. It presents the numerous printers who defied governments to circulate the agitational literature for the Hambach Festival in 1832, and it explores the German, Swiss, and French publishers who delivered radical tracts to German and Austrian readers through the 1840s. But publishers never fully realized the aspiration to move radical literature beyond clandestine audiences into mainstream commercial networks. The successes and failures of radicalism set in bold relief the limits of political dissent to move beyond monarchical liberalism. In doing so, it offers important insights to understand the fractured revolutionary front in 1848–49.
The Rule of the Association and Related Texts
Authors: Collins John J. , Nati James 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This book provides text, translation, and commentary on 1QS (Serekh ha-Yahad), 1QSa (Rule of the Congregation), 1QSb (Scroll of Blessings), and related fragmentary texts: 1Q29a, 4QSa–j, 5Q11, and 11Q29. It also provides introductions to 1QS, 1QSa, 1QSb, and to the related fragments from Caves 1, 4, 5, and 11. Each of the fragmentary manuscripts is presented in full and analyzed in its own right, and not treated simply as variants of 1QS. The entity for which the Rule was written (the yahad) is called an “association” rather than a “community,” because it assumes that members have multiple settlements, not just one at Qumran. The commentary recognizes, however, that a special group is set aside within the association, to go into the desert to pursue a higher degree of holiness. The introduction to 1QS attempts to locate this association in the context of ancient Judaism, and also pays attention to the broader cultural context, by noting the phenomenon of voluntary associations in the Hellenistic world and the influence of Zoroastrian dualism on the doctrine of two spirits of light and darkness in 1QS 3–4. The commentary engages the full range of scholarship on the Rule and provides a comprehensive bibliography.
1QS 5:1–7:25. The Rules of the Association and Penal Code
Authors: Collins John J. , Nati James 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This section is generally regarded as the oldest core of the Rule. 4QSd provides clear evidence that one form of the Rule did not include parallels to 1QS 1–4. Also 4QSb,d did not include mention of the “sons of Zadok” corresponding to those in 1QS 5. This commentary argues that “sons of Zadok” was an honorary title for the members of the association, derived from Ezekiel 44. The expression is used similarly in the Damascus Document CD 3:21–4:4. The chapter goes on to discuss the provision for multiple settlements with a minimum of ten members and admission to the association, which has a striking parallel in Josephus’s account of the Essenes. The last part of this chapter (1QS 6:24–7:25) discusses the penal code of the association, which has significant parallels in the Damascus Document.
1QS 9:12–11:22. The Maskil
Authors: Collins John J. , Nati James 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The concluding section of 1QS focuses on the figure of the Maskil or Master. (In 4QSe this place is occupied by a calendrical text, Otot). The first part of this chapter (1QS 9:12–25) contains the statutes for the Maskil. His main responsibilities concern the assessment of members, both at admission and later. He must also be of exemplary character. The later part of this chapter (1QS 9:26–11:22) contains the hymn of the Maskil. It outlines the times of prayer and the ethical commitments of the Maskil and concludes with the praise of God. This prayer has a mystical dimension, entailing fellowship with the angels and a beatific vision.
1QSa. The Rule of the Congregation
Authors: Collins John J. , Nati James 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
1QSa and 1QSb were published separately from 1QS but had apparently been sown on to the end of the manuscript. They are often described as “annexes” of 1QS. 1QSa is introduced as “the rule for the whole congregation of Israel in the latter days.” It is not, then, a rule for the yaḥad or sectarian association, but for all Israel in the messianic age. The congregation includes women and children but this fact carries no implications for the make-up of the yaḥad. The association retains a special place in eschatological Israel. The last section of 1QSa (2:11–22) describes the protocol for a meal when the messiah is present, which is notable for the fact that the priest takes precedence. 1QSa 2:11-12, which refers to God “begetting” the messiah, has been controversial, but the reading should be retained.
4QSf (4Q260)
Authors: Collins John J. , Nati James 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers transcriptions, translations, notes, and commentary on 4QSf of the Rule of the Association. While recognizing the considerable textual overlaps across the manuscripts, each manuscript in Chapters 9–22 is presented separately in order to facilitate an analysis of their unique characteristics. Differences from 1QS in particular are highlighted in the analysis of each text, and the implications of these differences—and, in many cases, clusters of differences—are explored. While containing many of the same rules for life in the yaḥad (see 1QS 5–7), these different texts, it is suggested, often present those rules differently. The various presentations here point likewise to a variety of ways in which these rules were understood, even among members of the same Association.
Welshburbia
Authors: Ugolini Wendy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
‘Welshburbia: Welshness in the English Suburbs’ examines English suburbia as a site of Welsh identity formation in the first half of the twentieth century. For the descended Welsh, the experience of living on the margins in English suburbs could reinforce their own sense of liminality or ‘outsider’ status. In particular, the chapter explores how some twentieth-century artists, now prominently celebrated in Wales, were influenced and conditioned by their upbringing in the English suburbs. It frames English artists and writers of Welsh parentage such as David Jones, Norman Lewis, and John Osborne as transcultural subjects, highlighting how their childhood suburban experiences informed their creative development. This chapter also provides a case study of Lambeth-born poet, Edward Thomas examining his display of dual allegiances during the First World War and those of the wider Thomas sibling group.
First World War Identities
Authors: Ugolini Wendy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
‘First World War Identities’ focuses on the military phenomenon of the mobilization and enlistment of English men with Welsh antecedents into active service units during the First World War. In particular, it addresses the identity politics behind the establishment of the 15th (1st London Welsh), Royal Welch Fusiliers. It underlines how, for a cohort of male English volunteers, Wales and Welshness held some form of meaning at the point of their military enlistment. It analyses Lloyd George’s wartime relationship with the London Welsh soldier, William Pugh Hinds, the son of John Hinds MP, to illuminate the ways in which politicized displays of Welsh patriotism in the metropolis were implicated in the military voluntarism of a cohort of English soldiers. It provides a case study of the dual identity construction of David Jones who immortalized his military service in the Royal Welch Fusiliers in the epic poem, In Parenthesis (1937).
Imagining Wales from England
Authors: Ugolini Wendy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
‘Imagining Wales from England’ addresses the literary, artistic, and dramatic works which emerged from the functioning of English Welsh duality in the first half of the twentieth century. It explores the influence of Welsh painter, Augustus John, addressing the network of English Welsh artists who congregated around John in London around the time of the First World War, as well as assessing his children’s relationship with their Welsh heritage. It investigates how some English writers living within diasporic communities, on the borderlands with Wales, or with homes in Wales, creatively made use of imagined interconnections, providing a case study of the author Richard Hughes and analysing the life writing and literary output of authors such as John Owen and Margiad Evans. It highlights the willingness of Welsh national institutions to promote a fluid conception of Welshness which accommodates English artists of Welsh extraction.
Introduction
Authors: Sfakianakis John 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Saudi Arabia’s envisaged transformation—Vision 2030—is of monumental size, particularly in view of the short period of time over which it is being implemented. Regardless of whether the Vision is at face value too ambitious in several of its targets, it offers a clear course of action and is calling upon all the institutions of the state and society to gear up and cooperate to achieve a common goal. The Vision has introduced a fundamental policy shift in response to low oil prices which started tumbling around mid-2014. Diversifying the economy, creating jobs for nationals in the private sector, and implementing a gradual but noteworthy, fiscal consolidation programme are key priorities. Vision 2030 was a realization that the old system was defunct and that something needed to be done to address deep-seated structural challenges. The pillars that had supported the monarchy for decades—religion, business, and the royal family—have been shaken down and new rules put in place.
Social Protection in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alaref Jumana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the social protection provided by the government of Saudi Arabia. In 2016, Saudi Arabia adopted Vision 2030 as a strategic plan to build a vibrant society, diversify the economy while reducing oil dependence, and modernize the public sector. The Vision triggered commendable steps to reform the nation’s social protection policies and programmes. The chapter examines the extent to which social welfare programmes currently play a role in improving welfare, productivity, and human capital among Saudis. It clarifies that social protection is a web of interconnected policies and programmes instead of being the responsibility of only one ministry or one actor.
The International Arbitration of Territorial Disputes
Authors: Siniver Asaf 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This book provides the first comparative and systematic analysis of the role of international arbitration in the settlement of interstate territorial disputes. It does so by addressing the disciplinary gap between International Relations (IR) and International Law (IL) scholarships on arbitration, which is a legal method of dispute settlement, distinct from the more popular diplomatic methods of bilateral negotiations and third-party mediation, and the other legal method of dispute settlement, namely adjudication (‘judicial settlement’). The book presents a novel political-legal framework of analysis to explain under what conditions states are more likely to pursue a legal settlement of their territorial dispute via arbitration as opposed to mediation, which is by far the most popular method of peaceful third-party intervention in territorial disputes. In so doing, the book reclaims the sui generis nature of arbitration as a unique legal-political method which can enable party flexibility and autonomy that are often found in mediation, whilst providing a final and legally binding solution which is associated with adjudication. The book traces the historical evolution of international arbitration and locates its unique place in the scholarship and practice of peaceful dispute settlement by drawing on IR and conflict resolution studies as well as legal jurisprudence. Drawing on a wide range of primary sources, including interviews, archival research, and official documents, and employing qualitative research methods, the book applies its framework to four contemporary cases of international arbitration: The arbitration over the Rann of Kutch between India and Pakistan (1966–1968); the Beagle Channel arbitration between Chile and Argentina (1971–1977), the Taba arbitration between Egypt and Israel (1986–1988), and the South China Sea arbitration between the Philippines and China (2013–2016).
Settling Territorial Disputes
Authors: Siniver Asaf 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an essential literature review to locate international arbitration with the International Relations and International Law disciplines. It begins by outlining the significant yet often overlooked terminological differences between conflict management, which is mostly found in IR studies, and dispute settlement, which is more closely associated with legal scholarship. In so doing, this review also charts the pertinent differences between conflicts and disputes, and indeed between the ‘political’ and the ‘legal’ domains of the enquiry. The bulk of the chapter outlines the differences between mediation (the most popular method of peaceful third-party dispute settlement) and arbitration (the least popular but most successful), as well as adjudication, the other legal method of dispute settlement.