bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new species of Casinaria from British Columbia (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Walley G. Stuart 
Published: January 2010

Recent rearings of the geometrid Melanolophia imitata (Wlk.) by officers of the Vernon and Victoria, B.C., laboratories of the Forest Biology Division, Canada Department of Agriculture, have yielded a series of a new species of Casinaria for which the following description is offered.Casinaria melanolophiae, new speciesFemale. Length 7 mm. Head thin, temple rather weakly receding for a considerable distance behind eye, and beyond rather strongly rounded to occiput; antenna with 29-31 segments, the shortest flagellar segments at least a little longer than broad; cheek short, about 0.30 breadth of base of mandible; ocelli large; greatest diameter of lateral ocellus twice as great as ocellocular space and three-fourths as great as post-ocellar line; head and thorax dullish, with granular sculpture; mesoscutum and scutellum densely, shallowly punctate, with punctures somewhat obscured by granular sculpture; sides of thorax finely granular and with only a few minute punctures; propodeum and abdomen as in C. semiothisae Wly.
A Field Cage for Rearing Syrphid Larvae and Other Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae),
Authors: Clark R. C. , Brown N. R. 
Published: January 2010

Several species of syrphids are common predators on the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges aiceae (Ratz.). in eastern Canada. Larvae are found on infested trees throughout the summer in a certain sequence of species. Occasionally adult syrphids are collected while ovipositing.Attempts have been made to rear the larvae in the laboratory on small pieces of infested bark but the difficulty of keeping the bark moist and preventing the growth of mould and of transferring the larvae to fresh bark made this method unsatisfactory. The prey died before rearing was complete. Rearing the larvae in the field appeared to be the solution to this problem and a suitable cage was designed which was simple to make, install, and examine (Fig. 1).
Pyralidae Collected in Lower California by Mr. J. Powell (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Munroe Eugene 
Published: January 2010

I am indebted to Mr. J. Powell, University of California, Berkeley, for the privilege of studying a small but interesting collection of Pyralidae, made by him in the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California, May 28 to June 3, 1958.As records from this region of Mexico are scarce, I take pleasure in publishing a list of the species.PyraustinaeNomophila noctuella (Denis and Schiffermüller) . Nine specimens: La Grulla, 6500 ft.; La Encantada, 7000 ft. Identical with North American specimens passing under this name.
Note on Coelomomyces psorophorae Couch, a Fungus Parasitic on Mosquito Larvae
Authors: Shemanchuk J. A. 
Published: January 2010

In the irrigated districts of southern Alberta larvae of Culiseta inornota (Williston) were found to be infected with the fungus Coelomomyces psorophorae Couch, identified by J. N. Couch, Department of Botany, University of North Carolina. This is the first record on C. inornata in Canada.The resting sporangia (Fig. 1) were found in the thoracic and abdominal cavities of the larvae. The infected larvae were darker brown in color, larger in size, and slower in movement than the non-infected ones.
A New Species of Mecomma Fieber from Canada, with Reference to M. mimetica Carv. and South. and M. dispar (Boh.) in North America (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A. 
Published: January 2010

Carvalho and Southwood (1955) made a world revision of the Cyrtorhinus-Mecomma complex, and listed 11 species and three subspecies of Mecomma. Those reported from North America are: ambulans (Fall.), gilvipes (Stål), luctuosa (Prov.), luctuosa pacifica Carv. and South., antennata Van D., and mimetica Carv. and South.In the present paper, Mecomma bradora, n.sp., is described from Quebec, and the distinguishing external and genitalic characters are given. Additional notes on the habits, morphology, and distribution of Mecomma mimetica are given, and the status of Mecomma dispar (Boheman) in North America is discussed.
Influence of Plants other than the Food Plants of their Host on Host-Finding by Tachinid Parasites
Authors: Monteith L. G. 
Published: January 2010

Earlier work indicated that food plants of the tenthredinid sawflies attacked by Drino bohemica Mesn. and Bessa harveyi Tns. influence host-finding by these tachinid parasites (Monteith, 1955, 1958a). There is a high degree of interaction between stimuli produced by the host larvae and by their food plants (Monteith, 1955, 1958b).It was observed during field studies that the percentage parastism by B. harveyi of the larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), varied with increasing height above the ground and in different sections of tamarack trees, Larix larician (DuRoi) K. Koch, on which the sawfly larvae were feeding. It appeared that shrubs and trees other than L. laricina influenced host-finding by B. harveyi.
Four New Species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Western United States
Authors: Peterson B. V. , DeFoliart G. R. 
Published: January 2010

During recent years intensive studies have been carried out on the black-fly fauna of Utah and of Wyoming by the senior author and junior author respectively. As a result of these investigations a number of new black-fly specieswere collected, four of which are described below.The following descriptions and measurements were made from alcohol-preserved specimens, hut where available, pinned, dried specimens were also used in preparation of the descriptions. Most of the drawings were made from slide mounts with the aid of a Ray-O-Scope microprojection apparatus; the others were made from cleared spechens retained in glycerin and were drawn with the aid of a squared-grid ocular in a stereoscopic microscope.
Lecanium coryli L. (Homoptera: Coccoidea) in Saskatchewan
Authors: Peterson L. O. T. 
Published: January 2010

Richards (9) recognized five species of Lecanium for Canada – namely L. coryli L., L. cerasifex Fitch, L. tiliae L., L. nigrofasciatum Pergande and L. caryae Fitch. L. coryli L. and L. cerasifex Fitch were distributed from British Columbia to Nova Scotia; L. tiliae L. occurred only in British Columbia.Further, Richards (9) drew the following conclusions:1.) L. coryli is the L. corni Bouché of Marchal (1908) and of most European workers but is not the L. corni of North American workers.2.) L. corni Bouché of Sanders (1909) and subsequent North American workers is a mixture of two species, L. corni Bouché of Marchal and L. cerasifex Fitch of Richards.3.) L. tiliae is L. coryli of Marchal (1908) and subsequent workers.
First Record of the Family Camillidae in the New World (Diptera)
Authors: McAlpine J. F. 
Published: January 2010

The discovery of Camilla glabra (Fallen) in Ottawa, Canada, is the first record of the existence in the New World of any member of the interesting little family Camillidae. A single male specimen taken June 15, 1954, by D. G. F. Cobb while collecting insects in her garden, would seem to indicate the species is established here.The family Camillidae consists of the single genus Camilla Haliday, which for many years was assigned to the family Drosophilidae. Frey, (1921) considered it sufficiently differentiated from the Drosophilidae to warrant separate status and erected the family Camillidae to receive it. Duda (1934), Wheeler (1952, p. 164), and Collin (1956) all recognized the group as a family distinct from the Drosophilidae. More recently, Hennig (1958, p. 665) placed it as a separate family in the Drosophiloidea, pointing out that while it has certain characters in common with Curtonotidae and Drosophilidae, it shows even more affinities with Diastatidae and Ephydridae.
A Note on Resistant Root Maggots, Hylemya spp., as Pests of Flue-cured Tobacco in Southwestern Ontario
Authors: Begg J. A. 
Published: January 2010

The maggot complex of Hylemya a cilicrura (Rond.) and H. liturata (Meig.) attacked flue-cured tobacco transplants in southwestern Ontario in increasing numbers from 1958 to 1960. Previously they had been of very minor importance to tobacco in this area.Resistance was suspected near Delhi, in Norfolk County, when abnormal infestations developed in soil treated with aldrin or heptachlor. Planting-water treatments of aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, or lindane also failed to give appreciable control. Similar increases in house-fly populations, coincidental with decreased susceptibility to chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, have been noted (2).
New Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from Tamarack
Authors: Mason W. R. M. 
Published: January 2010

Names have been requested for the following Ichneumonidae for use in publications on the parasites of a lepidopterous twig borer (Argyresthia lariccella Kft.) on tamarack (Larix laricina DuRoi).Phaeogenes laricellae, new speciesThis species is closely related to P. epinotiae Cush. but may be distinguished by the very elongated and flattened thorax (of normal build in epinotiae), the smooth and shining clypeus (mostly coriaceous in epinotiae), and the small sub-apical ridge on the female hind coxa (hind coxa unarmed in female epinotiae).
A Revision of the Genus Roederioides Coquillett (Diptera: Empididae)
Authors: Chillcott J. G. 
Published: January 2010

The genus Roederioides was erected by Coquillett in 1901 for the single species juncta Coquillett, described from Saranac Inn, New York. The species has since been recorded only from Mt. Washington, New Hampshire. A second species has been described from the Madeiras by Frey. This paper describes five new species from North America and presents a revised description of the genus.The type of the genus, juncta, was collected in association with black flies, and recent collections have been made from black fly swarms. It is possible that juncta, and possibly other species of the genus, are predators of black flies, both as adults and as larvae.
North American Börnerina Bramstedt and Betulaphis Glendenning (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Richards W. R. 
Published: January 2010

Börnerina Bramstedt is a genus of aphids that breeds only on species of Alnus L. Inclusive of the new species described herein the genus is composed of two species, of which B. depressa Bramstedt is the European representative.Betulaphis Glendenning is a larger genus than Börnerina and as the name implies is restricted to species of Betula L. Although the genus was described in North America there have been no North American records subsequent to the original description (Glendenning, 1926). Elsewhere, the genus is known to occur in Europe, Iceland, Greenland and New Zealand. In this paper three species are recorded for North America, two of which are described as new.
The External Morphology of Two Eastern Species of the Genus Anoplonyx (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), with Special Reference to Anoplonyx luteipes (Cresson)
Authors: Bracken D. F. 
Published: January 2010

The genus Anoplonyx Marlatt belongs to the more generalized of the Nematinae and is clearly defined taxonomically by Ross (1937). This genus is comprised of very few known species, four in North America and four in Europe; all are associated with trees of the genus Larix. The species are similar in appearance and difficult to distinguish, especially in the adult stage.Considerable confusion existed concerning the identification of the members of this genus in North America up until Wong (1955) published a key to separate the late feeding stages of Anoplonyx larvae found in Canada. The two species dealt with herein are apparently native to Eastern Canada and have generally been identified as one species, “Marlatt's Larch Sawfly”, A. laricis (Marlatt). Here they are identified as A. luteipes (Cresson) (= laricis Marlatt), and A. canadensis Harrington, as listed bv Ross (1951).
Movement on the Soil Surface, of Adult Ctenicera aeripennis destructor (Brown) and Hypolithus bicolor Esch. (Coleoptera: Elateridae), as Indicated by Funnel Pitfall Traps, with Notes on Captures of other Arthropods
Authors: Doane J. F. 
Published: January 2010

The two most important economic species of Elateridae in Saskatchewan are Ctenicera aeripennis destructor (Brown) and Hypolithus bicolor Esch. Adults of both species have been observed moving on the soil surface, but the extent and the seasonal duration of this movement has never been fully investigated.The activity of several species of wireworm adults has been studied by trapping with baits, or by collection from underneath various types of cover where they seek refuge (Hawkins 1936, Campbell and Stone 1939 and Cohen 1942). This type of trap however, gives no assurance that the beetles will stay under the refuge for any definite period, and docs not permit a quantitative estimate nf the population.
Bioassay of Organic Insecticides, in Terms of Contact Toxicity, to the Black Cutworm, Agrotis ypsilon (Rott.)
Authors: Harris C. R. , Mazurek J. H. 
Published: January 2010

In recent years the black cutworm, Agrotis ypsilon (Rott.), has been the predominant species of economic importance in southwestern Ontario. Relatively small populations of this insect can cause extensive damage to widely-spaced cash crops such as tobacco, tomatoes, and sugar beets.Present control recommendations are based primarily on results obtained from field trials. These results are often inconclusive because cutworm outbreaks are difficult to predict and usually unevenly distributed. Therefore, it is necessary to develop laboratory techniques to assist in assessing the comparative toxicity of insecticides and their formulations.
Biology and Habits of the Douglas-fir Beetle Parasite, Coeloides brunneri Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), in Western Oregon
Authors: Ryan Roger B. , Rudinsky Julius A. 
Published: January 2010

Natural control factors are normally relied on to hold destructive insects below the level of economic damage. When insect control is attempted every effort should be made to prevent injury to beneficial parasites and predators.The Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, is an important enemy of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. Present control practices for the Douglas-fir beetle consist of rapid cutting, transportation, and milling of infested trees so that beetles will be destroyed in the slabs before they emerge to infest other trees. During these operations, natural control agents are often inadvertently destroyed along with the beetles. Because of this fact serious beetle infestations may be unnecessarily prolonged. Detailed knowledge of the life history of the narural control agents and of the effect of logging and milling practices on the populations of beneficial parasites and predators is needed before control practice recommendations, which may be less destructive to the beneficial insects, can be set forth.
A New Species of Nasonovia Mordwilko (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Richards W. R. 
Published: January 2010

The species described herein is referable to the subgenus Hyperomyzus Börner, which includes the species of Nasonovia in which the cornicles are swollen. This species can be distinguished from the two orher species known to occur in North America by means of the following key:1. Apical segment of hind tarsus longer than apical rostral segment; antennae with apical portions of segments usually darker in macerated material; broadest portion of cornicles usually not much wider than broadest portion of cauda ___2
Life History and Habits of the Brown Mite, Bryobia arborea M. & A. (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on Apple in Nova Scotia
Authors: Herbert H. J. 
Published: January 2010

Morgan and Anderson (1957) discussed in detail the synonymy of the Bryobia praetiosa Koch complex. They raised the apple inhabiting form to species status, and gave it the name, brown mite, Bryobia arborea.The brown mite from apple trees in Nova Scotia was examined by C. V. G. Morgan, Summerland, British Columbia, and found to be morphologically similar to the B. arborea on apple in British Columbia. It is possible, however, that the Nova Scotian form may be a geographical race.
Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Nanorods with Aligned Chain Orientation for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Kim Jong Soo , Park Yunmin , Lee Dong Yun , Lee Ji Hwang , Park Jong Hwan , Kim Jin Kon , Cho Kilwon 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA structured polymer solar cell architecture featuring a large interface between donor and acceptor with connecting paths to the respective electrodes is explored. To this end, poly‐(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanorods oriented perpendicularly to indium tin oxide (ITO) glass are fabricated using an anodic aluminum oxide template. It is found that the P3HT chains in bulk films or nanorods are oriented differently; perpendicular or parallel to the ITO substrate, respectively. Such chain alignment of the P3HT nanorods enhanced the electrical conductivity up to tenfold compared with planar P3HT films. Furthermore, the donor/acceptor contact area could be maximised using P3HT nanorods as donor and C60 as acceptor. In a photovoltaic device employing this structure, remarkable photoluminescence quenching (88%) and a seven‐fold efficiency increase (relative to a device with a planar bilayer) are achieved.
Printed Sub‐2 V Gel‐Electrolyte‐Gated Polymer Transistors and Circuits
Authors: Xia Yu , Zhang Wei , Ha Mingjing , Cho Jeong Ho , Renn Michael J. , Kim Chris H. , Frisbie C. Daniel 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe fabrication and characterization of printed ion‐gel‐gated poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) transistors and integrated circuits is reported, with emphasis on demonstrating both function and performance at supply voltages below 2 V. The key to achieving fast sub‐2 V operation is an unusual gel electrolyte based on an ionic liquid and a gelating block copolymer. This gel electrolyte serves as the gate dielectric and has both a short polarization response time (<1 ms) and a large specific capacitance (>10 µF cm−2), which leads simultaneously to high output conductance (>2 mS mm−1), low threshold voltage (<1 V) and high inverter switching frequencies (1–10 kHz). Aerosol‐jet‐printed inverters, ring oscillators, NAND gates, and flip‐flop circuits are demonstrated. The five‐stage ring oscillator operates at frequencies up to 150 Hz, corresponding to a propagation delay of 0.7 ms per stage. These printed gel electrolyte gated circuits compare favorably with other reported printed circuits that often require much larger operating voltages. Materials factors influencing the performance of the devices are discussed.
Blue Luminescence of ZnO Nanoparticles Based on Non‐Equilibrium Processes: Defect Origins and Emission Controls
Authors: Zeng Haibo , Duan Guotao , Li Yue , Yang Shikuan , Xu Xiaoxia , Cai Weiping 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHigh concentrations of defects are introduced into nanoscale ZnO through non‐equilibrium processes and resultant blue emissions are comprehensively analyzed, focusing on defect origins and broad controls. Some ZnO nanoparticles exhibit very strong blue emissions, the intensity of which first increase and then decrease with annealing. These visible emissions exhibit strong and interesting excitation dependences: 1) the optimal excitation energy for blue emissions is near the bandgap energy, but the effective excitation can obviously be lower, even 420 nm (2.95 eV < Eg = 3.26 eV); in contrast, green emissions can be excited only by energies larger than the bandgap energy; and, 2) there are several fixed emitting wavelengths at 415, 440, 455 and 488 nm in the blue wave band, which exhibit considerable stability in different excitation and annealing conditions. Mechanisms for blue emissions from ZnO are proposed with interstitial‐zinc‐related defect levels as initial states. EPR spectra reveal the predominance of interstitial zinc in as‐prepared samples, and the evolutions of coexisting interstitial zinc and oxygen vacancies with annealing. Furthermore, good controllability of visible emissions is achieved, including the co‐emission of blue and green emissions and peak adjustment from blue to yellow.
Experimental Study of the Mixing Time in a Jet‐Mixed Gas‐Liquid System
Authors: Yousefi Amiri T. , Moghaddas J. S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn the present work, the impeller in the conventional gas‐liquid mixed vessels was replaced by a fluid jet as the mixer. Using an experimental setup, the effect of several parameters on the mixing time as a measure of the liquid‐phase mixing intensity, which is one of the required transport characteristics for designing gas‐liquid mixed systems, was studied. The results show that gas injection decreases the mixing time in comparison with the ungassed condition, but the mixing time is not necessarily decreased by increasing the gassing rate. On the basis of the amount of the jet Reynolds number and gassing rate, and thus the created circulation pattern, the mixing time may be decreased or increased. Also, the location of the probe for cases in which there are more dead zones in the vessel have a considerable effect on the measured mixing time. With increasing uniformity of the velocity domain, the influence of the probe location was reduced. Also, by increasing the jet flow rate and decreasing the nozzle diameter, the length of the jet, the amount of entrained bulk fluid, and the intensity of recirculation flow increased, and thus the mixing time decreased.
Continuous‐Flow Surface Aeration Systems
Authors: Kumar B. , Rao A. R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn aeration process in an activated sludge plant is a continuous‐flow system. In this system, there is a steady input flow (flow from the primary clarifier or settling tank with some part from the secondary clarifier or secondary settling tank) and output flow connection to the secondary clarifier or settling tank. The experimental and numerical results obtained through batch systems can not be relied on and applied for the designing of a continuous aeration tank. In order to scale up laboratory results for field application, it is imperative to know the geometric parameters of a continuous system. Geometric parameters have a greater influence on the mass transfer process of surface aeration systems. The present work establishes the optimal geometric configuration of a continuous‐flow surface aeration system. It is found that the maintenance of these optimal geometric parameters systems result in maximum aeration efficiency. By maintaining the obtained optimal geometric parameters, further experiments are conducted in continuous‐flow surface aerators with three different sizes in order to develop design curves correlating the oxygen transfer coefficient and power number with the rotor speed. The design methodology to implement the presently developed optimal geometric parameters and correlation equations for field application is discussed.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of a Styrene Polymerization Reactor
Authors: Patel H. , Dhib R. , Ein‐Mozaffari F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was adopted to simulate benzoyl peroxide (BPO)‐initiated styrene polymerization in a laboratory‐scale continuous stirred‐tank reactor (CSTR). The CFD results revealed the effects of non‐homogeneity and the short‐circuiting of the unreacted styrene and initiator on the reactor performance. The study also investigated the effects of the impeller speed and the residence time on the conversion and the flow behavior of the system. The CFD simulation showed that intense mixing remained confined to a small region near the impeller. With increasing impeller speed, it was found that the perfectly mixed region near the impeller expanded, thus reducing non‐homogeneity. Different contours were generated and exhibited the effect of the mixing parameters on the propagation rate and styrene conversion. The monomer and initiator conversions predicted with the CFD model were compared to those obtained with a CSTR model. The CFD model accounts for the non‐ideality behavior of the polymerization reactor, and hence conversion predictions are more realistic.