bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Prestroke Disability and Inpatient Mortality and Length of Acute Hospital Stay After Acute Stroke
Authors: Kwok Chun S. , Clark Allan , Ford Gary A. , Durairaj Ramesh , Dixit Anand K. , Davis John , Sharma Anil K. , Potter John F. , Myint Phyo K. 
Published: February 2012

ObjectivesTo examine the prognostic value of prestroke disability in predicting inpatient mortality and length of hospital stay (LOS) independent of age, sex, and stroke type and severity.DesignRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected stroke registers.SettingUnited Kingdom.ParticipantsFourteen thousand four hundred thirty‐seven individuals (52.9% female, mean age 75.4 ± 12.1) with stroke (82% ischemic) admitted to three university hospitals.MeasurementsData were examined from three hospital registers: Aintree (2005–2010), Newcastle (2000–2005), and Norwich (1997–2010). Risk of inpatient death and prolonged hospital stay according to prestroke disability using the modified Rankin Score (mRs) were assessed using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, and stroke subtype (ischemic vs hemorrhagic) and severity.ResultsInpatient death was 20.8%. In fully adjusted models, higher prestroke mRs was associated with significantly greater risk of mortality (for mRs = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 vs mRs = 0: odds ratio (OR)=1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.09–1.50; OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.29–1.75; OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.60–2.13; OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 2.15–3.04; and OR = 4.48, 95% CI = 3.47–5.80, respectively). The relationship appeared to be linear, and each point increase in mRs equated to being approximately 5 years older. Although age and stroke type appear to be strong independent predictors of LOS, premorbid mRs also predicted longer LOS regardless of discharge status. The predictability of the model using these parameters was very good (receiver operating characteristic: 0.82 for death and 0.65–0.70 for LOS).ConclusionPrestroke disability predicts inpatient death and LOS, independent of age, sex, and stroke type and severity. Whether this is related to mental or physical disability should be examined in future prospective studies.
Fetomaternal hemorrhage in normal vaginal delivery and in delivery by cesarean section
Authors: Lubusky Marek , Simetka Ondrej , Studnickova Martina , Prochazka Martin , Ordeltova Marta , Vomackova Katherine 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND: The objective was to determine the incidence and volume of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) in normal vaginal delivery and in delivery by cesarean section. Determination of these variables would enable optimalization of guidelines for D alloimmunization prophylaxis.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In a prospective cohort study, a total of 3457 examinations were performed, 2413 after normal vaginal delivery and 1044 after cesarean delivery. FMH was assessed by flow cytometry. (FMH is fetal red blood cell [RBC] volume; fetal blood volume is double [expected fetal hematocrit is 50%].)RESULTS: The fetal RBC volume diagnosed in maternal circulation after delivery ranged from insignificant FMH of not more than 0.1 mL to excessive FMH of 65.9 mL (median, 0.7; mean, 0.78; SD, 1.48). FMH of more than 2.5 mL (immunoglobulin [Ig] G anti‐D insufficient dose 50 µg) was observed in 1.4% (49/3457) and excessive volumes of FMH of more than 5 mL (insufficient dose, 100 µg) in 0.29% (10/3457). Delivery by cesarean section presented a higher risk of incidence of FMH of more than 2.5 mL (odds ratio, 2.2; p = 0.004) when compared with normal vaginal delivery. It did not, however, present a significant risk factor for the incidence of excessive volumes of FMH of more than 5 mL.CONCLUSION: During normal vaginal delivery as well as during delivery by cesarean section, FMH of less than 5 mL occurs in the great majority of cases, and thus for the prevention of D alloimmunization, an IgG anti‐D dose of 100 µg should be sufficient. Contrarily, only rarely does greater FMH occur and delivery by cesarean section does not present a risk factor.
The detection of clinically relevant contact allergens with a standard screening tray of 28 allergens
Authors: Patel Devika , Belsito Donald V. 
Published: February 2012

Background. A standard method for diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis in the United States is the Thin‐layer Rapid Use Epicutaneous (TRUE) test (TRUE Test™), which consists of three panels containing 20 individual allergens and eight allergen mixes. Previous studies had raised concern regarding the adequacy of the initial two‐panel TRUE Test™ system (16 individual allergens and seven allergen mixes) in fully assessing patients with possible allergic contact dermatitis.Objectives. We sought to investigate the effectiveness of the current three‐panel TRUE Test™ as the sole diagnostic tool for detecting allergic contact dermatitis.Patients/materials/methods. This study was a retrospective analysis of 2088 patients who underwent patch testing between 1995 and 2010. Study groups were analysed to determine whether positive reactions were to allergens and/or mixes present in the TRUE Test™ panels.Results. Of the 2088 patch‐tested patients, 1385 had at least one positive reaction. Among these 1385 patients, 27.6% were fully evaluated by use of only the TRUE Test™ series, 49.9% were partially evaluated, and 22.5% did not have any of their allergens detected. On assessment for clinical relevance, similar percentages were observed.Conclusion. In our study, the current TRUE Test™ series of 28 allergens would have completely identified allergens in only 27.6% of patients. Broadening the standard panel to include common allergens causing >50% of allergic contact dermatitis cases in a given geographical location and aim testing allergens on the basis of the patient's history will increase the test's sensitivity.
Cyclosporine‐A inhibits MMP‐2 and ‐9 activities in the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide: an experiment in human gingival fibroblast and U937 macrophage co‐culture
Authors: Kuo P.‐J. , Tu H.‐P. , Chin Y.‐T. , Lu S.‐H. , Chiang C.‐Y. , Chen R.‐Y. , Fu E. 
Published: February 2012

Kuo PJ, Tu HP, Chin YT, Lu SH, Chiang CY, Chen RY, Fu E. Cyclosporine‐A inhibits MMP‐2 and ‐9 activities in the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide: an experiment in human gingival fibroblast and U937 macrophage co‐culture. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 431–438. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective: Studies have shown that bacterial plaque and the associated gingival inflammation increase the severity of gingival overgrowth induced by cyclosporine‐A (CsA). This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of CsA on the activities of MMPs from the co‐culture of human gingival fibroblasts and U937 macrophages in the presence or absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Material and Methods: Activities of pro‐MMP‐2, MMP‐2 and pro‐MMP‐9 in the supernatants of independent cultures and co‐cultures were examined by zymography. RT‐PCR was selected to evaluate the expression of mRNA for membrane type‐1 (MT1) MMP in the co‐cultures.Results: Activities of MMPs in the co‐cultures were significantly greater when compared with any of the independent cultures. Lipopolysaccharide significantly increased the MMP activities in a dose‐dependent manner in the co‐cultures, whereas CsA inhibited these activities. In the presence of both CsA and LPS, the MMP activities inhibited by CsA could still be observed in the co‐cultures. In the individual cultures, in contrast, the CsA‐inhibited MMP activities, in the presence of LPS, were minimally detected. The mRNA expression of MT1‐MMP was significantly enhanced after LPS treatment; however, this enhancement was inhibited by CsA.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that, in co‐cultures of human gingival fibroblasts and U937 macrophages, CsA could inhibit MMP activities in the presence of P. gingivalis LPS. It might be part of the underlying reason for the persistent overgrowth of gingiva seen when bacterial plaque and local inflammation are present during CsA therapy.
Bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis presenting with psychiatric symptoms and speech disorders
Authors: Ozdilek Betul , Uluc Kayıhan , Gunal Dilek I. 
Published: February 2012

Ozdilek B, Uluc K, Gunal DI. Bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis presenting with psychiatric symptoms and speech disorders.Background: Bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis (BSPDC), also known as Fahr's disease, is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the deposition of calcium and other minerals in the basal ganglia, centrum semiovale and cerebellum. It is usually idiopathic. Its clinical manifestations vary from asymptomatic individuals to neuropsychiatric abnormalities, movement disorders, cerebellar symptoms and cognitive impairments.Methods: Five cases of BSPDC – all of which include psychiatric symptoms and speech problems – from two families are documented in this article.Conclusion: The most important diagnostic marker is the demonstration of symmetrical intracranial calcifications. Computerised tomography of the brain is the most frequently used radiologic method to diagnose BSPDC.
The Formula that Killed Wall Street
Authors: Salmon Felix 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Wall Street in the mid-1980s turned to the quants – brainy financial engineers – to invent new ways to boost profits. They and their managers, though laziness and greed, built a huge financial bubble on foundations that they did not understand. It was a recipe for disaster. The journalist Felix Salmon won the American Statistical Association's Excellence in Statistical Reporting Award for 2010, We reprint his article, first published as the cover story of Wired magazine, because it brilliantly conveys complex statistical concepts to non-specialists.
The influence of steam cleaning procedures on the surface roughness of commonly used type III dental stone for the fabrication of removable dentures
Authors: Cilingir Altug , Geckili Onur , Parlar Zeynep , Gencel Burc , Bozdag Ergun , Temiz Vedat 
Published: February 2012

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00669.x

The influence of steam cleaning procedures on the surface roughness of commonly used type III dental stone for the fabrication of removable dentures
Objective:  This study investigated the possible detrimental effects of steam treatment on the surface of type III dental stone, which is a common laboratory material used for the construction of removable dentures.Material and Methods:  Forty dental stone specimens were prepared and divided into four groups (A, B, C and D), and group A was used as the control group. The other groups were treated with steam from a standard distance for varying durations (30, 60 and 120 s).Results:  The duration of steam cleaning significantly increased Ra values (F = 63.150, p = 0.000). Similarly, the duration of steam application was directly correlated with the weight changes (F = 17.721, p = 0.000). A significant amount of dental stone can be removed from the surface while treating with steam.Conclusion:  These studies demonstrated that expanded periods of steam cleaning cause weight loss and abrade the surface of type III dental stones; therefore, these devices should be used with caution during denture fabrication procedures.
Effect of genetic variation in the MHC Class II DRB region on resistance and susceptibility to Johne’s disease in endangered Indian Jamunapari goats
Authors: Singh P. K. , Singh S. V. , Singh M. K. , Saxena V. K. , Horin P. , Singh A. V. , Sohal J. S. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThe pathogenesis of Johne’s disease (JD), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is complex and has not been completely understood yet. In the present study, we analysed the polymorphism in the exon‐2 of the caprine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II DRB region and its association with resistance or susceptibility to JD. A total of 203 Jamunapari goats, which is an Indian endangered breed highly susceptible to JD, kept at a single farm were studied. On the basis of clinical signs, microscopic examination, faecal culture, ELISA and diagnostic PCR, 60 and 143 goats were classified as resistant and susceptible to JD, respectively. PCR‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) with two enzymes, PstI and TaqI, was used to assess variation in the DRB gene(s) in all 203 goats studied. Two di‐allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), here referred as ‘P’ and ‘T’, were tested. In each of them, three genotypes were found in the group analysed. The minimum allele frequencies (MAFs) were 0.233 and 0.486 for the P and T SNPs, respectively. Statistically significant associations between alleles, individual genotypes and composed genotypes of both SNPs were found. The frequency of p and t alleles, of individual pp and tt and of composed pptt genotypes were significantly higher (Pcorr < 0.001) in the ‘resistant’ group as compared to the ‘susceptible’ group, while the P and T alleles were associated with susceptibility (Pcorr < 0.001). In heterozygous genotypes, susceptibility was dominant over resistance. The effects of both SNP on resistance and susceptibility were comparable and composed heterozygous genotypes showed intermediate levels of susceptibility in terms of the odds ratio and P‐values calculated.
Dysphagia associated with presumed pharyngeal dysfunction in 16 neonatal foals
Authors: HOLCOMBE S. J. , HURCOMBE S. D. , BARR B. S. , SCHOTT II H. C. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryReasons for performing study:Dysphagia due to pharyngeal dysfunction occurs in human neonates and is associated with prematurity and hypoxic episodes. This syndrome probably occurs in neonatal foals but has not been reported.Objectives:The objectives of this study were to describe 1) a series of neonatal foals with dysphagia due to pharyngeal dysfunction; 2) the progression, treatment and resolution of the dysphagia; 3) the comorbidities; and 4) the prognosis for life and athleticism for affected foals.Methods:Records from 3 referral equine hospitals were reviewed from neonatal foals with dysphagia of pharyngeal origin. Inclusion criteria were a normal to strong suckle, dysphagia evidenced by milk at the nostrils after nursing the dam, and endoscopic examination of the airway. Foals with mechanical reasons for dysphagia, botulism or hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis were not included.Results:Sixteen neonatal foals qualified for the study. Eight (50%) were premature and/or diagnosed with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Twelve (75%) had aspiration pneumonia. Fifteen foals were discharged alive from the hospital, nursing the mare with no evidence of dysphagia (n = 14), or mild dysphagia (n = 1), a mean ± s.d. of 7 ± 6 days (median = 6.3 days, range 0–22 days) after hospital admission. One foal was subjected to euthanasia in hospital. Follow‐up information was available for 14 animals. Thirteen of 16 (81%) were alive and included one yearling and 12 horses >2 years old. Seven of the 14 (50%) were racing, training or in work, and 6 horses were pets, breeding animals or had unknown athletic status. Two had laryngeal deficits. One foal was subjected to euthanasia within weeks of discharge from the hospital due to aspiration pneumonia.Conclusion:Dysphagia related to pharyngeal dysfunction occurs in equine neonates and can resolve, but may require days to weeks of supportive care. Prognosis for life is favourable and for athleticism fair.
Treatment with histamine‐type 2receptor antagonists and omeprazole increase the risk of diarrhoea in neonatal foals treated in intensive care units
Authors: FURR M. , COHEN N. D. , AXON J. E. , SANCHEZ L. C. , PANTALEON L. , HAGGETT E. , CAMPBELL R. , TENNENT‐BROWN B. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryReasons for performing study:The use of anti‐ulcer medication in the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) is common due to the concern for development of catastrophic gastric ulcer disease. In man, however, the use of acid‐suppressive medication has been shown in some studies to be a substantial risk factor for the development ofClostridium difficile‐associated diarrhoea (CDAD), bacteraemia and neonatal sepsis.Objective:The purpose of the study reported herein is to evaluate the influence of anti‐ulcer medications on the development of diarrhoea in the neonatal foal.Hypothesis:The use of anti‐ulcer medication does not alter the incidence of diarrhoea in foals treated in an ICU.Methods:The records of 1710 foals from 6 different equine hospitals were examined and the use of anti‐ulcer drugs was recorded. The presence of in‐hospital acquired diarrhoea, CDAD,Clostridium perfringens‐associated diarrhoea, neonatal sepsis and salmonellosis were documented. In addition, the presence of gastric ulceration, duration of hospital stay and short‐term outcome were examined.Results:The use of anti‐ulcer medications increased the odds of in‐hospital diarrhoea by 2.0 (95% CI 1.4–2.9; P<0.0001), relative to the use of no anti‐ulcer medication. There was no significant association of anti‐ulcer medication with CDAD (P = 0.3189) (OR 2.0; 95% CI 0.4–9.5). Further, results indicated that decreased prevalence of gastric ulceration was not associated with use of anti‐ulcer drugs among foals in the study for which these data were known (P = 0.5522).Conclusions:Use of anti‐ulcer drugs increases the odds of developing diarrhoea, and may not reduce the incidence of gastric ulceration in hospitalised equine neonates.Potential relevance:The use of anti‐ulcer drugs in neonatal foals being treated in a hospital setting should be carefully evaluated on an individual basis to determine if such use is warranted.
Energy expenditure of critically ill neonatal foals
Authors: JOSE‐CUNILLERAS E. , CORRADINI J. VIU, I. , ARMENGOU L. , CESARINI C. , MONREAL L. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryReasons for performing study:Nutritional support in critically ill neonatal foals is of great importance given their high metabolic rate and minimal stores of energy and protein. Nutrient requirements of healthy growing foals have been estimated based on daily milk intake; however, little is known about the resting energy expenditure (REE) of sick foals.Objectives:To determine REE in critically ill neonatal foals (sepsis and/or hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy [HIE] and compare this with REE in control foals.Methods:Critically ill newborn foals admitted to the Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain from March 2009 to February 2011 were included in this study. Healthy neonatal foals and foals with nonsystemic conditions were used as controls. Oxygen consumption and CO2production were measured with a respiratory monitor connected to a tight fitting facemask and REE (kcal/kg bwt/day) was calculated with the abbreviated Weir formula. Measurements were performed within 24 h of admission and repeatedly during hospitalisation.Results:Twenty‐seven foals were included (16 critically ill foals and 11 controls) and a total of 47 measurements were performed. In the critically ill, REE was reduced (mean ± s.e. 49.5 ± 2.1 kcal/kg bwt/day) on admission relative to the controls. In surviving foals (n = 5), REE before hospital discharge was not different (68.4 ± 7.0 kcal/kg bwt/day) from control foals (64.8 ± 2.7 kcal/kg bwt/day).Conclusions:REE was lower in critically ill foals upon admission (40–50 kcal/kg bwt/day) and normalised before hospital discharge (60–80 kcal/kg bwt/day).Potential relevance:Critically ill neonatal foals tolerating enteral feeding would receive approximately their REE when given 10% of their bodyweight in mare's milk daily. For sick neonates unable to tolerate enteral nutrition, provision of 50 kcal/kg bwt/day would be a reasonable goal for parenteral nutrition.
Endocrine adaptations in the foal over the perinatal period
Authors: FOWDEN A. L. , FORHEAD A. J. , OUSEY J. C. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryIn adapting to lifeex utero, the foal encounters a number of physiological challenges.It has to assume the nutritional, respiratory and excretory functions of the placenta and activate full regulatory control over its own internal environment for the first time.To achieve this, there must be structural and functional changes to a wide range of tissues including several endocrine glands. In most species, including the horse, these maturational changes begin in late gestation and continue into the first few days of neonatal life. Consequently, during this perinatal period, there are major changes in the sensitivity and/or set point of key endocrine axes, which alter the circulating hormone concentrations in the foal. In turn, these endocrine changes are responsible for many of the other physiological adaptations essential for neonatal survival. The perinatal alterations in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis are particularly important in these processes, although the sympatho‐adrenal medullary axis and endocrine pancreas also have key roles in ensuring homeostasis during the multiple novel stimuli experienced at birth. Abnormalities in the perinatal endocrine profile caused by adverse conditions before or after birth may, therefore, lead to maladaptation or aid survival of the newborn foal depending on the specific circumstances. This review examines the perinatal changes in endocrinology in normal and compromised foals and the role of these endocrine changes in the physiological adaptations to extrauterine life with particular emphasis on the HPA axis, adreno‐medullary catecholamines and the endocrine pancreas.
Influence of elevated liver fat on circulating adipocytokines and insulin resistance in obese Hispanic adolescents
Authors: Kim J. S. , Lê K.‐A. , Mahurkar S. , Davis J. N. , Goran M. I. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryObjectiveWe performed this study to examine the metabolic differences arising from higher liver fat accumulation in obese Hispanic adolescents, with a particular focus on circulating levels of adipocytokines and insulin resistance.MethodsForty‐one obese Hispanic adolescents (15.3 ± 1.0 years, body mass index percentile: 97.0 ± 3.9) were assessed for: visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and hepatic fat fraction (HFF) by magnetic resonance imaging; fasting measures of serum glucose, insulin and adipocytokines; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR); and insulin sensitivity (SI) and the acute insulin response to glucose (AIR) by intravenous glucose tolerance test. Subjects with normal levels of HFF (below 5%; n = 25) were compared to those with HFF > 5% (n = 16).ResultsThe two groups differing in HFF were similar for total body fat, VAT and SAT. The group with HFF > 5% had significantly (P < 0.05) higher interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) (6.1 ± 1.6 vs. 3.2 ± 0.4 pg mL−1), NGF (30.2 ± 9.9 vs. 13.9 ± 1.6 pg mL−1), HOMA‐IR (8.8 ± 1.1 vs. 5.5 ± 0.5), AIR (1869 ± 206 vs. 1092 ± 165) and a tendency for lower SI (1.2 ± 0.4 vs. 2.1 ± 0.3; P = 0.06), with no significant differences in any of other factors measured.ConclusionsThese data suggest that elevated liver fat is most closely associated with elevated serum IL‐8 and NGF levels as well as increased AIR and HOMA‐IR. These elevated factors may play significant roles in the metabolic abnormalities associated with elevated liver fat in obese Hispanics.