bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of paddle grip on segmental fluid distribution in elite slalom paddlers
Authors: Bílý Milan , Baláš Jiří , Martin Andrew John , Cochrane Darryl , Coufalová Klára , Süss Vladimír 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIssues of high levels of muscular asymmetry have been associated with injury risk, and therefore have potential implications for decremental performance at the elite sport level. The aim of this current study was to assess the relationship between the segmental fluid distribution and the paddle grip in elite male and female slalom kayakers and canoeists. Eighty‐four world‐cup competitors (61 males and 23 females) took part in the study. Impedance analysis was used to assess segmental fluid asymmetry. The effect of paddle grip (loose/fixed hand in kayakers, lower/upper hand in canoeists), morphological dominance (dominant/non‐dominant) and discipline (canoe/kayak) were evaluated by repeated measures ANOVA. The findings indicated a significant effect of paddle grip in canoeists on morphological asymmetry in upper limbs (arm of lower paddle hand mean fluid distribution 3.28, s=0.43 litres; arm of upper paddle hand mean fluid distribution 3.19, s=0.41 litres; P=0.000, =0.33). The sternmen demonstrated higher asymmetry between the arms of upper and lower paddle hand (mean 0.11, s=0.04 litres, P=0.000, =0.80) than the bowmen (mean 0.04, s=0.06 litres, P=0.015, =0.44) in double‐canoes. Significant morphological asymmetry was found also in kayakers but the effect of paddle grip was not substantial. The use of segmental impedance analysis may be a suitable diagnostic tool for assessing morphological changes, which can be related to paddling training. Likewise muscular asymmetry is associated with injury risk; the evaluation of morphological changes during the training process may be considered by sport trainers and physical therapists.
The effects of running a 308 km ultra‐marathon on cardiac markers
Authors: Kim Young‐Joo , Shin Young‐Oh , Lee Jeong‐Beom , Lee Yoon‐Hee , Shin Kyung‐A , Kim Al‐Chan , Goh Choong‐Won , Kim Chul , Oh Jae‐Keun , Min Young‐Ki , Yang Hun‐Mo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the expression of cardiac strain and damage in 18 male marathoners with average age of 52.8±5.0 years running at a 308 km ultra‐marathon. Blood samples were collected at pre‐race, 100 km, 200 km and 308 km check points for the analysis of cardiac muscle injury markers, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase–myocardial band (CK–MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac muscle strain marker, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP). The CK levels increased 1127.2±507.9 IU/L, 5133.8±2492.7 IU/L and 4958.4±2087.9 IU/L at 100 km, 200 km and 308 km, respectively, compared to the pre‐race levels. The CK–MB levels increased 20.2±11.2 ng/mL, 73.3±35.6 ng/mL and 68.6±42.6 ng/mL at 100, 200 and 308 km, respectively, compared to the pre‐race levels. The CK–MB/CK ratio showed that the CK–MB mass index was within the normal range (<2.5%) at 100 km, 200 km and 308 km. The cTnI levels showed no significant difference in all check points. The NT‐proBNP levels increased 146.55±92.7 pg/mL, 167.95±111.9 pg/mL and 241.23±121.2 pg/mL at 100, 200 and 308 km, respectively, compared to the pre‐race levels. The normal CK–MB mass index (<5.0 ng/mL) and the absence of an increase in the cTnI levels during the 308 km ultra‐marathon suggested that no myocardial injury despite an elevation in CK–MB. The increase in NT‐proBNP levels probably resulted from continuous hemodynamic cardiac stress and represents a transient physiological myocardial protective response.
Mirroring co-evolving trees in the light of their topologies
Authors: Hajirasouliha Iman , Schönhuth Alexander , de Juan David , Valencia Alfonso , Sahinalp S. Cenk 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Determining the interaction partners among protein/domain families poses hard computational problems, in particular in the presence of paralogous proteins. Available approaches aim to identify interaction partners among protein/domain families through maximizing the similarity between trimmed versions of their phylogenetic trees. Since maximization of any natural similarity score is computationally difficult, many approaches employ heuristics to evaluate the distance matrices corresponding to the tree topologies in question. In this article, we devise an efficient deterministic algorithm which directly maximizes the similarity between two leaf labeled trees with edge lengths, obtaining a score-optimal alignment of the two trees in question.
Results: Our algorithm is significantly faster than those methods based on distance matrix comparison: 1 min on a single processor versus 730 h on a supercomputer. Furthermore, we outperform the current state-of-the-art exhaustive search approach in terms of precision, while incurring acceptable losses in recall.
Availability: A C implementation of the method demonstrated in this article is available at http://compbio.cs.sfu.ca/mirrort.htm
Contact: imanh@sfu.ca; cenk@sfu.ca; as@cwi.nl
Multiple Trajectories of Successful Aging of Older and Younger Cohorts
Authors: Hsu Hui-Chuan , Jones Bobby L. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to apply group-based trajectory analysis to identify multiple successful aging trajectories by multiple indicators and to examine the factors related to successful aging among the elderly population in Taiwan.

Design and Methods:
Nation-representative longitudinal data collected from 1993 to 2007 and consisting of 2 cohorts were used, and the trajectories of the following 6 successful aging indicators were analyzed: chronic diseases, physical function difficulties, depressive symptoms, social support, social participation, and economic satisfaction.

Results:
Members of the cohorts fell into 4 groups: successful aging, usual aging (the older cohort)/insecure aging (the younger cohort), health declining, and care demanding. Successful aging trajectories reflected differences in self-rated health and life satisfaction.

Implications:
This study provides empirical findings of the heterogeneity of successful aging trajectories in multidimensional indicators.
C4.4A is associated with tumor budding and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer
Authors: Oshiro Ryota , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Takahashi Hidekazu , Ohtsuka Masahisa , Wu Xin , Nishimura Junichi , Takemasa Ichiro , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Ikeda Masataka , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Matsuura Nariaki , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki 
Published: March 2012

C4.4A is a glycolipid‐anchored membrane protein expressed in several human malignancies. The aim of this study was to explore the association between C4.4A expression at the invasion front of colorectal cancer (CRC) and tumor budding, a putative hallmark of cell invasion of CRC. Advanced CRCs (T2–4, n = 126) had a budding count of 3.66 ± 5.66, which was significantly higher than that of T1 early CRCs (1.75 ± 2.78, n = 87). C4.4A‐positive CRC specimens showed a larger budding cell number than C4.4A‐negative CRC specimens in T1 CRCs, and especially advanced CRCs (9.45 ± 5.83 vs 1.60 ± 3.93). Furthermore, we found a correlation between the percentage of C4.4A‐positive cases and budding count in advanced CRC. Multivariate analysis for patients' survival showed that C4.4A was superior to tumor budding as a prognostic factor. With siRNA treatment, C4.4A levels were associated with cell invasion, but not with proliferation, in HCT116 and DLD1 cell lines. An immunohistochemical study in a subset of CRCs showed no relationship between C4.4A and Ki‐67 proliferation marker. In vitro assays using HCT116 indicated that C4.4A levels correlated well with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) with regard to cell morphology and alterations of EMT markers including E‐cadherin, vimentin, and partially N‐cadherin. We also found that C4.4A expression was significantly associated with loss of E‐cadherin and gain of β‐catenin in clinical CRC tissue samples. These findings suggest that a tight association between C4.4A and tumor budding may, in part, be due to C4.4A promoting EMT at the invasive front of CRC. (Cancer Sci 2012; 103: 1155–1164)
Review article: bismuth‐based therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in children
Authors: Pacifico L. , Osborn J. F. , Anania C. , Vaira D. , Olivero E. , Chiesa C. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryBackgroundBecause of the decrease in the Helicobacter pylori eradication rate after standard triple therapy with a proton pump inhibitor and two antibiotics, bismuth‐based therapy has recently been recommended as alternate first‐line regimen in children.AimTo comprehensively review the clinical, pharmacologic and microbiologic properties of bismuth salts, and to summarise the evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of bismuth‐based therapy for H. pylori eradication in children.MethodsBibliographical searches were performed in MEDLINE. Results on the efficacy of bismuth‐containing regimens on H. pylori eradication were combined using the inverse variance method.ResultsBismuth monotherapy showed a very low efficacy. Overall, the mean eradication rate with bismuth‐based dual therapy was 68% (95% CI, 60–76%) (intention‐to‐treat analysis‐ITT) and 73% (95% CI, 64–81%) (per protocol‐PP). In case series, the overall percentages of children with successful eradication for triple therapy containing bismuth were 82% (95% CI, 76–88%) and 86% (95% CI, 80–92%) according to ITT and PP respectively. In comparative studies, H. pylori eradication rates ranged between 69% and 85% according to ITT and between 74% and 96% PP. Side effects included dark stools, urine discoloration, black tongue, burning tongue, and marked darkness of the gums.ConclusionsThe evidence in favour of bismuth compounds for treating infected children is still not clear. Well‐designed, randomised, multi‐centre studies of H. pylori eradication trials in children comparing bismuth‐based triple therapy with the best available recommended first‐line therapies are needed. The evidence obtained from audited case series that produce an eradication rate of >95% on PP analysis should also be considered.
Engaging parents of suicidal youth in a rural environment
Authors: Slovak Karen , Singer Jonathan B. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTEngaging caregivers is an essential component of service for at‐risk youth. Engagement has been described as specific behaviours (e.g. treatment participation) and attitudes (e.g. therapeutic alliance). Although best practices for working with suicidal youth includes involving parents in the assessment and crisis plan, there has been almost no research on the process that clinicians in outpatient settings use to engage parents of youth who exhibit risk for suicide. The purpose of this study was to document how clinicians in outpatient mental‐health settings engaged parents following a youth suicide assessment. Twenty‐four clinicians from the rural Midwestern USA took part in two focus groups to discuss typical interactions with parents following a suicide assessment. Analyses suggested that clinicians' engagement with parents included five major elements: (i) presenting difficult information; (ii) responding to parents' reactions; (iii) joining with parents; (iv) moving the parents towards concrete actions; and (v) addressing rural gun culture. The results are discussed within the context of Staudt's conceptual framework of engagement with caregivers of at‐risk children. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Carrier‐bound Alt a 1 peptides without allergenic activity for vaccination against Alternaria alternata allergy
Authors: Twaroch T. E. , Focke M. , Fleischmann K. , Balic N. , Lupinek C. , Blatt K. , Ferrara R. , Mari A. , Ebner C. , Valent P. , Spitzauer S. , Swoboda I. , Valenta R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe mould Alternaria alternata is a major elicitor of allergic asthma. Diagnosis and specific immunotherapy (SIT) of Alternaria allergy are often limited by the insufficient quality of natural mould extracts.ObjectiveTo investigate whether recombinant Alt a 1 can be used for reliable diagnosis of Alternaria alternata allergy and to develop a safe, non‐allergenic vaccine for SIT of Alternaria allergy.MethodsThe qualitative sensitization profile of 80 Alternaria‐allergic patients from Austria and Italy was investigated using an allergen micro‐array and the amount of Alternaria‐specific IgE directed to rAlt a 1 was quantified by ImmunoCAP measurements. Peptides spanning regions of predicted high surface accessibility of Alt a 1 were synthesized and tested for IgE reactivity and allergenic activity, using sera and basophils from allergic patients. Carrier‐bound peptides were studied for their ability to induce IgG antibodies in rabbits which recognize Alt a 1 and inhibit allergic patients’ IgE reactivity to Alt a 1.ResultsrAlt a 1 allowed diagnosis of Alternaria allergy in all tested patients, bound the vast majority (i.e. >95%) of Alternaria‐specific IgE and elicited basophil activation already at a concentration of 0.1 ng/mL. Four non‐allergenic peptides were synthesized which, after coupling to the carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin, induced Alt a 1‐specific IgG and inhibited allergic patients’ IgE binding to Alt a 1.Conclusions and clinical relevancerAlt a 1 is a highly allergenic molecule allowing sensitive diagnosis of Alternaria allergy. Carrier‐bound non‐allergenic Alt a 1 peptides are candidates for safe SIT of Alternaria allergy.
Fracture resistance and mode of failure of various types of root filled teeth
Authors: Castro C. G. , Santana F. R. , Roscoe M. G. , Simamoto P. C. , Santos‐Filho P. C. F. , Soares C. J. 
Published: March 2012

Castro CG, Santana FR, Roscoe MG, Simamoto Jr PC, Santos‐Filho PCF, Soares CJ. Fracture resistance and mode of failure of various types of root filled teeth. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 840–847, 2012.AbstractAim  To investigate ex vivo the influence of the post system on fracture resistance and failure mode of root filled incisor, canine, premolar and molar teeth.Methodology  Eighty human teeth were divided into eight groups (n = 10) resulting from the interaction between the two study factors: post system (glass fibre post; cast Ni–Cr alloy post and core) and type of tooth (maxillary incisors, maxillary canines, maxillary premolars and mandibular molars). All roots were prepared with a 2‐mm ferrule and restored with metal crown. Fracture resistance (N) was assessed in a mechanical testing device, and the data were analysed by two‐way anova (4 × 2) followed by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). The failure mode was evaluated using an optical stereomicroscope and classified according to the location of the failure. Failure mode data were analysed by two‐factor anova and Student–Newman–Keuls (SNK) tests (α = 0.05). Correlation between fracture resistance and failure mode was analysed by linear regression.Results  Glass fibre and cast posts and cores had similar fracture resistance, regardless of the type of tooth. Canines and molars had significantly higher fracture resistance (P < 0.001) than premolars. Incisors teeth had significantly lower fracture resistance (P < 0.001) than premolars. The fracture mode for incisors, premolars and molars was more amenable to restoration when the teeth were restored with glass fibre posts. Fracture resistance had no correlation with fracture mode, regardless of the post system and type of tooth analysed.Conclusions  Post system had no significant effect on fracture resistance, regardless of the type of tooth. The mode of fracture was more restorable with glass fibre posts.
Effect of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate on the cytotoxicity, cyclooxygenase‐2 expression and prostanoids production in human dental pulp cells
Authors: Chang H.‐H. , Chang M.‐C. , Huang G.‐F. , Wang Y.‐L. , Chan C.‐P. , Wang T.‐M. , Lin P.‐S. , Jeng J.‐H. 
Published: March 2012

Chang H‐H, Chang M‐C, Huang G‐F, Wang Y‐L, Chan C‐P, Wang T‐M, Lin P‐S, Jeng J‐H. Effect of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate on the cytotoxicity, cyclooxygenase‐2 expression and prostanoids production in human dental pulp cells. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 848–858, 2012.AbstractAim  To evaluate the effect of TEGDMA on cell cycle progression as well as alterations of cell cycle‐related gene and protein expression.Methodology  Human dental pulp cells were exposed to 0–5 mmol L−1 TEGDMA for 24 h. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3‐(4, 5‐dimethyl‐ thiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl ‐tetrazolium bromide assay. Cell cycle progression was analysed by propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometry. Cell death pathway was surveyed by annexin V/PI dual‐staining flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of cell cycle‐related genes (cdc2, cyclinB1 and p21) and COX‐2 was evaluated by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, and their protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting. The production of PGE2 and PGF2α in the culture medium was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results  Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate inhibited cellular growth and induced cell cycle deregulation in dental pulp cells. High‐dose exposure provoked both necrotic and apoptotic cell death. The gene and protein expression of cdc2, cyclin B1 and cdc25C declined obviously whilst cells treated with 2.5 mmol L−1 TEGDMA concurrent with the elevated expression of p21. The mRNA and protein expression of COX‐2, along with production of PGE2 and PGF2α, are drastically raised by 2.5–5 mmol L−1 TEGDMA.Conclusions  Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate induced cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in dental pulp cells, which was associated with the decline of cdc2, cyclin B1, cdc25C expression and elevation of p21 expression. Concomitantly, COX‐2 expression, PGE2 and PGF2α production increased. These effects may contribute to explain the pulpal damage and inflammation induced by TEGDMA after operative procedures.
Influence of rubber dam on objective and subjective parameters of stress during dental treatment of children and adolescents – a randomized controlled clinical pilot study
Authors: AMMANN PATRICIA , KOLB ANDREAS , LUSSI ADRIAN , SEEMANN RAINER 
Published: March 2012

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2013; 23: 110–115
Background.  Rubber dam is recommended for isolating the working field during adhesive dentistry procedures; however, dentists often omit rubber dam, particularly in paediatric dentistry, supposing that it would stress the patient.Aim.  The aim of this study was to evaluate stress parameters during a standardized dental treatment procedure performed with or without rubber dam. The treatment time was measured as a secondary outcome variable.Design.  This study was designed as a randomized, controlled, clinical study with 72 patients (6–16 years; mean age, 11.1). During standardized fissure sealing procedures, objective parameters of stress (e.g., skin resistance, breath rate) were recorded. The operator’s stress level was measured by pulse rate. Subjective pain (patients) and stress perception (operator) were evaluated by an interview.Results.  The breath rate was significantly (P < 0.05) lower and the skin resistance level was significantly higher during treatment with rubber dam compared to the control group. Subjective pain perception was significantly lower for the test group. The treatment time needed for the fissure sealing procedure was 12.4% less in the test group.Conclusion.  Isolation with rubber dam caused less stress in children and adolescents compared to relative isolation with cotton rolls if applied by an experienced dentist.
Needs of adult family members of intensive care unit patients
Authors: Obringer Kelley , Hilgenberg Cheryl , Booker Kathy 
Published: March 2012

Aims and objectives.  The purpose of this research was to examine current perceptions of adult family members’ needs of intensive care unit patients in the Midwest, USA. Examining family needs may help determine effectiveness of guideline implementation.Background.  Family needs of intensive care unit patients is a topic widely researched, but to date, the application of that research to the clinical practice guidelines is limited. Family members’ of intensive care unit patients often experience stress and anxiety because of the high mortality rate of patients in intensive care. Family members are often involved with the patient’s care especially as many units have open visitation policies.Design.  Survey.Method.  The Critical Care Family Needs Inventory was distributed to a convenience sample of 50 family members from a Central Illinois, not‐for‐profit, 22‐bed intensive care unit in the USA.Results.  Forty‐five adult family members returned completed questionnaires. The majority of the sample was female (66·7%), 40% were 49–64 years old. The majority of the sample of family members was spouses (36%) or adult children (36%). Eighty per cent of these family members reported they had previously visited a patient in the intensive care unit. Results of the survey revealed family members perceived assurance as the highest needs categories and support as the least important need.Conclusions.  Findings were consistent with earlier studies identifying assurance as a very important need. After publication of clinical practice guidelines for support of the family in the patient‐centred intensive care unit, families continue to report the need for assurance.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses need to give increased attention to effectively implementing clinical practice guidelines in an effort to meet family members’ needs, especially those related to assurance. Assurance may be expressed differently by various cultures.
Self‐injurious behaviour in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability
Authors: Richards C. , Oliver C. , Nelson L. , Moss J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been identified as a risk marker for self‐injurious behaviour. In this study we aimed to describe the prevalence, topography and correlates of self‐injury in individuals with ASD in contrast to individuals with Fragile X and Down syndromes and examine person characteristics associated with self‐injury across and within these groups.Method  Carers of individuals with ASD (n = 149; mean age = 9.98, SD = 4.86), Fragile X syndrome (n = 123; mean age = 15.32, SD = 8.74) and Down syndrome (n = 49; mean age = 15.84, SD = 12.59) completed questionnaires relating to the presence and topography of self‐injury. Information was also gathered regarding demographic characteristics, affect, autistic behaviour, hyperactivity, impulsivity and repetitive behaviour.Results  Self‐injurious behaviour was displayed by 50% of the ASD sample: a significantly higher prevalence than in the Down syndrome group (18.4%) but broadly similar to the prevalence in Fragile X syndrome (54.5%). Self‐injury was associated with significantly higher levels of autistic behaviour within the Down and Fragile X syndrome groups. Within the ASD group, the presence of self‐injury was associated with significantly higher levels of impulsivity and hyperactivity, negative affect and significantly lower levels of ability and speech.Conclusions  Self‐injurious behaviour is prevalent in individuals with ASD and the presence of ASD phenomenology increases the risk of self‐injury in individuals with known genetic disorders but without a diagnosis of idiopathic autism. Person characteristics associated with self‐injury in ASD indicate a role for impaired behavioural inhibition, low levels of ability and negative affect in the development of self‐injurious behaviour.