bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise following a short immobilization period is detrimental to tendon properties and joint mechanics in a rat rotator cuff injury model
Authors: Peltz Cathryn D. , Sarver Joseph J. , Dourte LeAnn M. , Würgler‐Hauri Carola C. , Williams Gerald R. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRotator cuff tears are a common clinical problem that can result in pain and disability. Previous studies in a rat model showed enhanced tendon to bone healing with postoperative immobilization. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of postimmobilization activity level on insertion site properties and joint mechanics in a rat model. Our hypothesis was that exercise following a short period of immobilization will cause detrimental changes in insertion site properties compared to cage activity following the same period of immobilization, but that passive shoulder mechanics will not be affected. We detached and repaired the supraspinatus tendon of 22 Sprague‐Dawley rats, and the injured shoulder was immobilized postoperatively for 2 weeks. Following immobilization, rats were prescribed cage activity or exercise for 12 weeks. Passive shoulder mechanics were determined, and following euthansia, tendon cross‐sectional area and mechanical properties were measured. Exercise following immobilization resulted in significant decreases compared to cage activity in range of motion, tendon stiffness, modulus, percent relaxation, and several parameters from both a structurally based elastic model and a quasi‐linear viscoelastic model. Therefore, we conclude that after a short period of immobilization, increased activity is detrimental to both tendon mechanical properties and shoulder joint mechanics, presumably due to increased scar production. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:841–845, 2010
The effects of local and systemic alendronate delivery on wear debris‐induced osteolysis in vivo
Authors: Zhu Fang‐Bing , Cai Xun‐Zi , Yan Shi‐Gui , Zhu Han‐Xiao , Li Rui 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe investigated the effects of locally and systemically administered alendronate on wear debris‐induced osteolysis in vivo. Endotoxin‐free titanium particles were injected into rabbit femurs, prior to insertion of a nonweight‐bearing polymethylmethacrylate plug into the distal femur canal. Then the particles were repeatedly injected into the knee 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the implantation. Alendronate was incorporated at three different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt %) into bone cement for local delivery. For systemic delivery, alendronate was subcutaneously injected (1.0 mg/kg/week) 1 week after the implantation and then once a week until sacrifice. Eight weeks postoperatively, there was significant evidence of osteolysis surrounding the plug in the control group compared with markedly blocked osteolysis in the 0.5 wt % and the 1.0 wt % groups, and the systemic group. There was a concentration‐dependent effect of alendronate‐loaded bone cement on the improvement of peri‐prosthetic bone stock. Notably, no significant differences were found between the 0.5 wt % and the systemic group in peri‐prosthetic bone stock and implant fixation. Collectively, although the biological efficacy after the systemic delivery of alendronate was slightly higher than that in the local treatment groups, alendronate‐loaded bone cement may be therapeutically effective in inhibiting titanium particle‐induced osteolysis in vivo. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:893–899, 2010
Improved bioengineered cartilage tissue formation following cyclic compression is dependent on upregulation of MT1‐MMP
Authors: De Croos J. N. Amrith , Roughley Peter J. , Kandel Rita A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe generation of bioengineered cartilage tissue suitable for transplantation is a potential therapy to treat damaged cartilage. We have shown previously that the physical and biomechanical properties of bioengineered cartilage can be improved by the application of 30 min of cyclic compression by a mechanism involving sequential upregulation of gene and protein levels of membrane type‐1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) and MMP‐13. In the current study, we demonstrated that MT1‐MMP is critical to this response, as blocking the upregulation of MT1‐MMP prevented the improvement in tissue formation. MT1‐MMP seems to act by inducing tissue remodeling as evidenced by the presence of aggrecan degradation products by Western blot analysis and increased release of matrix molecules into the media. Release of these molecules was diminished when MT1‐MMP upregulation was prevented. This matrix degradation was likely due to MT1‐MMP, as under conditions where MMP‐13 expression is maintained (stimulation in the presence of MT1‐MMP siRNA) the release of these matrix molecules into the media was still prevented. It also appears that MT1‐MMP does not regulate MMP‐13 gene expression, as MT1‐MMP‐siRNA pretreatment had no effect on MMP‐13 expression following mechanical stimulation. Further analysis of the anabolic genes and proteins involved in mechanically stimulated cartilage will lead to better understanding of the mechanism(s) underlying tissue formation yielding improved bioengineered cartilage. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:921–927, 2010
Compression therapy promotes proliferative repair during rat Achilles tendon immobilization
Authors: Schizas Nikos , Li Jian , Andersson Therese , Fahlgren Anna , Aspenberg Per , Ahmed Mahmood , Ackermann Paul W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAchilles tendon ruptures are treated with an initial period of immobilization, which obstructs the healing process partly by a reduction of blood circulation. Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) has been proposed to enhance tendon repair by stimulation of blood flow. We hypothesized that daily IPC treatment can counteract the deficits caused by 2 weeks of immobilization post tendon rupture. Forty‐eight Sprague‐Dawley SD) rats, all subjected to blunt Achilles tendon transection, were divided in three equal groups. Group A was allowed free cage activity, whereas groups B–C were immobilized at the operated hindleg. Group C received daily IPC treatment. Two weeks postrupture the rats were euthanatized and the tendons analyzed with tensile testing and histological assessments of collagen organization and collagen III‐LI occurrence. Immobilization significantly reduced maximum force, energy uptake, stiffness, tendon length, transverse area, stress, organized collagen diameter and collagen III‐LI occurrence by respectively 80, 75, 77, 22, 47, 65, 49, and 83% compared to free mobilization. IPC treatment improved maximum force 65%, energy 168%, organized collagen diameter 50%, tendon length 25%, and collagen III‐LI occurrence 150% compared to immobilization only. The results confirm that immobilization impairs healing after tendon rupture and furthermore demonstrate that IPC‐treatment can enhance proliferative tendon repair by counteracting biomechanical and morphological deficits caused by immobilization. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:852–858, 2010
Collagen scaffold supplementation does not improve the functional properties of the repaired anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Fleming Braden C. , Magarian Elise M. , Harrison Sophia L. , Paller David J. , Murray Martha M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPrimary suture anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair was abandoned in favor of reconstruction due to a high rate of clinical failures. However, the insertion of a collagen scaffold loaded with platelets into the wound at the time of suture repair (“enhanced primary repair”) has been shown to improve functional healing in animal models. Our objectives were to determine if using a collagen scaffold alone (without platelets) would be sufficient to increase the structural properties of the repaired ACL and decrease postoperative knee laxity compared to suture repair without the scaffold. Eight Yucatan minipigs underwent bilateral ACL transection and suture repair. In one knee, the repair was augmented with a collagen scaffold (SCAFFOLD group) while the other had suture alone (SUTURE group). After 13 weeks of healing, knee joint laxity and the structural properties of the ACL were measured. The addition of the collagen scaffold to suture repair of a transected ACL did not significantly improve the mean anteroposterior knee laxity [SCAFFOLD vs. SUTURE: 6.1 ± 1.4 vs. 4.4 ± 2.0 mm (p = 0.07), 8.1 ± 2.0 vs. 7.6 ± 2.0 mm (p = 0.66), and 6.2 ± 1.2 vs. 6.1 ± 1.8 mm (p = 0.85) at 30°, 60°, and 90° flexion, respectively]. Likewise, there were no significant differences in the structural properties [SCAFFOLD vs. SUTURE: 367 ± 185.9 vs. 322 ± 122.0N (p = 0.66) and 90.7 ± 29.5 vs. 85.0 ± 30.3N/mm (p = 0.74) for the yield load and linear stiffness, respectively]. The use of a collagen scaffold alone to enhance suture repair of the ACL was ineffective in this animal model. Future work will be directed at stimulating biological activity in the scaffold. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:703–709, 2010
Oxidant conditioning protects cartilage from mechanically induced damage
Authors: Ramakrishnan Prem , Hecht Benjamin A. , Pedersen Douglas R. , Lavery Matthew R. , Maynard Jerry , Buckwalter Joseph A. , Martin James A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractArticular cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis has been linked to abnormal mechanical stresses that are known to cause chondrocyte apoptosis and metabolic derangement in in vitro models. Evidence implicating oxidative damage as the immediate cause of these harmful effects suggests that the antioxidant defenses of chondrocytes might influence their tolerance for mechanical injury. Based on evidence that antioxidant defenses in many cell types are stimulated by moderate oxidant exposure, we hypothesized that oxidant preconditioning would reduce acute chondrocyte death and proteoglycan depletion in cartilage explants after exposure to abnormal mechanical stresses. Porcine cartilage explants were treated every 48 h withtert‐butyl hydrogen peroxide (tBHP) at nonlethal concentrations (25, 100, 250, and 500 µM) for a varying number of times (one, two, or four) prior to a bout of unconfined axial compression (5 MPa, 1 Hz, 1800 cycles). When compared with untreated controls, tBHP had significant positive effects on post‐compression viability, lactate production, and proteoglycan losses. Overall, the most effective regime was 100 µM tBHP applied four times. RNA analysis revealed significant effects of 100 µM tBHP on gene expression. Catalase, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1alpha (HIF‐1α), and glyceraldehyde 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were significantly increased relative to untreated controls in explants treated four times with 100 µM tBHP, a regime that also resulted in a significant decrease in matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3) expression. These findings demonstrate that repeated exposure of cartilage to sublethal concentrations of peroxide can moderate the acute effects of mechanical stress, a conclusion supported by evidence of peroxide‐induced changes in gene expression that could render chondrocytes more resistant to oxidative damage. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:914–920, 2010
Effect of ABS Rubber Content on the Localization of MWCNTs in PC/ABS Blends and Electrical Resistivity of the Composites
Authors: Sun Yao , Guo Zhao‐Xia , Yu Jian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThree types of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene rubbers with different rubber contents were used in the preparation of PC/ABS/MWCNT composites. It was found that localization of MWCNTs changes from PC to ABS phase when rubber content of ABS varies from 5 to 60%. This is discussed by a combination of thermodynamics and kinetics. Melting sequence and high viscosity of ABS are used to explain the localization of MWCNTs in the high viscosity ABS phase. The relationship between the localization of MWCNTs and the electrical resistivity of the composite is also investigated.magnified image
Rover: A tool to visualize and validate quantitative proteomics data from different sources
Authors: Colaert Niklaas , Helsens Kenny , Impens Francis , Vandekerckhove Joël , Gevaert Kris 
Published: January 2010

AbstractManual validation of regulated proteins found in MS‐driven quantitative proteome studies is tedious. Here we present Rover (http://genesis.ugent.be/rover), a tool that facilitates this process. Rover accepts quantitative data from different sources such as MASCOT Distiller and MaxQuant and, in an intuitive environment, Rover visualizes these data such that the user can select and validate algorithm‐suggested regulated proteins in the frame of the whole experiment and in the context of the protein inference problem.
Fluorine Plasma Treatments of Poly(propylene) Films, 2 – Modeling Reaction Mechanisms and Scaling
Authors: Yang Yang , Strobel Mark , Kirk Seth , Kushner Mark J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe surface properties of commodity hydrocarbon polymers such as poly(propylene) (PP) can be modified by functionalization with plasma‐generated radicals and ions. For example, affixing fluorine to a hydrocarbon surface lowers surface energy and increases hydrophobicity. One such process is treatment of PP films in low‐pressure, capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs) sustained in F2‐containing gas mixtures. F atoms produced in the plasma abstract H atoms from the hydrocarbon and passivate the resulting alkyl sites producing CFn sites. Energetic ion and photon fluxes sputter and initiate crosslinking. In this paper, the plasma fluorination of PP in a CCP sustained in Ar/F2 is discussed with results from a two‐dimensional plasma hydrodynamics model. The surface reaction mechanism includes a hierarchy of H abstraction and F/F2 passivation reactions, as well as crosslinking, and ion and photon‐activated processes. Predictions for surface composition were compared to experiments. We found that the lack of total fluorination with long plasma exposure is likely caused by crosslinking, which creates CC bonds that might otherwise be passivated by F atoms. Increasing steric hindrances as fluorination proceeds also contribute to lower F/C ratios.magnified image
New potential anti‐cancer agents synergize with bortezomib and ABT‐737 against prostate cancer
Authors: Pandit Bulbul , Gartel Andrei L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe previously described the identification of a transcriptional inhibitor ARC and FoxM1 inhibitors, thiazole antibiotics, Siomycin A and thiostrepton that were able to induce potent p53‐independent apoptosis in cancer cell lines of different origin. Here, we report the characterization of these drugs individually or in combination with ABT‐737 and bortezomib on a panel of prostate cancer cell lines.METHODSDU 145, LNCaP and PC‐3 prostate cancer cells were treated with ARC, Siomycin A and thiostrepton to evaluate their activity as single agents or in combination with ABT‐737 and bortezomib to measure their synergistic potential in anti‐proliferative and cell cycle assays. Chou‐Talalay method was used to quantitate the synergistic interaction. Western blot method was used to determine Mcl‐1 and FoxM1 expression and caspase‐3 cleavage.RESULTSWe show that ARC inhibited the viability of prostate cancer cells and induced apoptosis in low nanomolar concentration. It potently downregulated the expression of Mcl‐1 and showed synergistic combination effect with Bcl‐2 inhibitor ABT‐737. Thiazole antibiotics, Siomycin A and thiostrepton inhibited growth, FoxM1 expression and induced cell death in prostate cancer cells in low micromolar concentrations. In addition, thiostrepton and ARC synergistically induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells following combination treatment with proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Furthermore, we found that all tested drug combinations were able to induce apoptosis selectively in transformed, but not normal cells of the same origin.CONCLUSIONSBased on their in vitro activity as single or combination agents, ARC, Siomycin A and thiostrepton represent potential candidates for drug development against prostate cancer. Prostate 70: 825–833, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Refuchess: locating Bosniac repatriates after the war in Bosnia–Herzegovina
Authors: Jansen Stef 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOne of the central contradictions characterising the state of Bosnia–Herzegovina that emerged from the ashes of the 1992–1995 war concerns the territorial distribution of its population according to nationality. On the one hand, the foreign intervention, and the Dayton Peace Agreement it brokered, sanctioned its division into largely nationally homogenised polities, consolidating military conquests. On the other hand, large foreign funds were invested in programmes of refugee repatriation and return to redress ethnic cleansing, with considerable success in terms of property restitution. Rather than understanding these dynamics as a resurrection of a prior situation, this article considers them as part of a set of interrelated transformations. Working from ethnographic material gathered among Bosniac repatriates in the early phases of large‐scale return, it first introduces the notion ofrefuchess, the strategic deployment and movement of nationalised persons across nationalised places. It then zooms out to investigate such return movements more generally in terms of different projects of home making and in terms of their paradoxical implications on the national demographic structure of Bosnia–Herzegovina. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrodynamic modelling study of a fish exclusion system for a river diversion
Authors: Ho J. , Coonrod J. , Hanna L. J. , Mefford B. W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRiver diversions are often equipped with some device to exclude fish, such as fish screens. Flow pattern changes due to fish screen systems were investigated using a three‐dimensional numerical model solving the Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes (RANS) equations. A porous media obstacle, which is commonly used for ground water flow modelling, was employed to model a fish screen. Fish screens require a velocity component perpendicular to the screen (approach velocity), allowing for water diversion. Meanwhile, it is imperative that this velocity not result in pinning fish to the screen but allowing for fish to be guided to a different location. Thus the ratio of sweeping velocity to approach velocity (VR) is an important criterion in fish screen design. 20:1 VR and 10:1 VR models were tested under high and low flow rates in this study. Screen head loss coefficients for various wire Reynolds numbers were compared with laboratory model measurements to verify the mathematical results. Two different screen types were simulated: perforated plate and wedged wire. Altering global porosity and local permeability of a porous obstacle results in flow direction changes that effectively simulate different screen materials in the numerical model. Model simulations of head loss coefficients and velocity ratios showed good agreement with the laboratory model measurements. The wedged wire allows for more control of the velocity ratio along the screen system than the perforated plate. Baffles installed behind each fish screen bay promote uniform flow distribution along the screen. The porous media obstacle assumption is shown to effectively simulate the hydraulics of various configurations of fish screens at river diversion channels. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ideas about the nature of science in pedagogically relevant contexts: Insights from a situated perspective of primary teachers' knowledge
Authors: Guerra‐Ramos Maria Teresa , Ryder Jim , Leach John 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThere is evidence that science teachers give naive responses to direct questions about the nature of science. However, there is also evidence that such responses underpredict the more sophisticated knowledge that teachers may use in classroom situations. The purpose of this study was to characterize the informal ideas used by teachers in situations directly relevant to their teaching of science. The sample comprised 50 Mexican primary school teachers. Three areas of informal expertise were addressed: scientists and their work; scientific inquiry; and data measurement. The teachers' thinking was explored through questionnaires and semistructured interviews using pedagogically relevant contexts. The database was analyzed first to describe ideas shared by teachers and second to identify any recurrent themes and patterns among responses. Teachers' responses were characterized around four areas of discourse: demarcation of science; scientific procedures; approaches to reliable knowledge; and professional and institutional features of science. The teachers' responses were diverse in their contextualization, that is, they incorporated specific background and contextual details to a different extent. Most responses showed limited or intermediate contextualization across all four areas of discourse, though some more sophisticated responses were noted. A general framework was developed to characterize this diversity in teachers' responses. This paper concludes with a discussion of the extent to which this sample of teachers was equipped to discuss the nature of science in pedagogical contexts and, given their starting points, how they might be supported in developing their expertise in doing this. Implications for teacher education and curriculum development are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 94:282–307, 2010
Blocker filtering low-noise amplifier for SAW-less Bluetooth receiver system
Authors: Seo Heesong , Song Hyejeong , Park Changjoon , Yoon Jehyung , Choi Inyoung , Kim Bumman 
Published: January 2010

A 2.4 GHz CMOS blocker filtering low-noise amplifier (BF-LNA) suitable for Bluetooth™ application is presented. The circuit employs a differential amplifier topology with a current mirror active load and a notch filter. Each path amplifies differentially with the common mode input signal, but there is a notch filter rejecting only the wanted signal at one path. By subtracting the two signals from each path, the large interferers are rejected and only the wanted signal is amplified. Therefore, it becomes a narrow-band amplifier with blocker filtering capability, realizing a receiver system without need of the off-chip SAW filter. The BF-LNA is designed using a 0.13-μm CMOS process. The measured performances are a gain of 11.4 dB, and a noise figure of 1.85 dB. Attenuation levels at 400 MHz apart from the target frequency are −13 and −29 dBc at each sideband. The P1dB,in and IIP3 are −8.2 and 1.46 dBm, respectively. The proposed BF-LNA can reject large interferers at the front-end of the receiver system with a good noise figure.