bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of post‐extractional alveolar hard and soft tissue dimensional changes in humans
Authors: Tan Wah Lay , Wong Terry L. T. , Wong May C. M. , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundRemoval of teeth results in both horizontal and vertical changes of hard and soft tissue dimensions. The magnitude of these changes is important for decision‐making and comprehensive treatment planning, with provisions for possible solutions to expected complications during prosthetic rehabilitation.ObjectivesTo review all English dental literature to assess the magnitude of dimensional changes of both the hard and soft tissues of the alveolar ridge up to 12 months following tooth extraction in humans.MethodsAn electronic MEDLINE and CENTRAL search complemented by manual searching was conducted to identify randomized controlled clinical trials and prospective cohort studies on hard and soft tissue dimensional changes after tooth extraction. Only studies reporting on undisturbed post‐extraction dimensional changes relative to a fixed reference point over a clearly stated time period were included. Assessment of the identified studies and data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Data collected were reported by descriptive methods. Weighted means and percentages of the dimensional changes over time were calculated where appropriate.ResultsThe search provided 3954 titles and 238 abstracts. Full text analysis was performed for 104 articles resulting in 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria. In human hard tissue, horizontal dimensional reduction (3.79 ± 0.23 mm) was more than vertical reduction (1.24 ± 0.11 mm on buccal, 0.84 ± 0.62 mm on mesial and 0.80 ± 0.71 mm on distal sites) at 6 months. Percentage vertical dimensional change was 11–22% at 6 months. Percentage horizontal dimensional change was 32% at 3 months, and 29–63% at 6–7 months. Soft tissue changes demonstrated 0.4–0.5 mm gain of thickness at 6 months on the buccal and lingual aspects. Horizontal dimensional changes of hard and soft tissue (loss of 0.1–6.1 mm) was more substantial than vertical change (loss 0.9 mm to gain 0.4 mm) during observation periods of up to 12 months, when study casts were utilized as a means of documenting the changes.ConclusionsHuman re‐entry studies showed horizontal bone loss of 29–63% and vertical bone loss of 11–22% after 6 months following tooth extraction. These studies demonstrated rapid reductions in the first 3–6 months that was followed by gradual reductions in dimensions thereafter.
Is the use of fluoride toothpaste optimal? Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour concerning fluoride toothpaste and toothbrushing in different age groups in Sweden
Authors: Jensen Olga , Gabre Pia , Sköld Ulla M. , Birkhed Dowen 
Published: December 2011

Jensen O, Gabre P, Sköld UM, Birkhed D. Is the use of fluoride toothpaste optimal? Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour concerning fluoride toothpaste and toothbrushing in different age groups in Sweden. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 40: 175–184. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract –  Objectives:  The most effective method to prevent caries is the regular use of fluoride toothpaste. The aim of this study was to evaluate self‐care routines in a population by identifying knowledge, attitudes and behaviour relating to fluoride toothpaste and toothbrushing habits.Methods:  A questionnaire was sent to 3200 individuals in two municipalities in Sweden. Four age groups representing different life stages were chosen: 15–16, 31–35, 61–65 and 76–80 years of age. The participants were selected from the population register by random selection of birth dates.Results:  Totally 2023 (63%) individuals answered the questionnaire. The majority (84–94%) in all age groups brushed their teeth twice a day or more often. Good toothpaste behaviour identified as brushing at least twice a day, using at least 1 cm toothpaste, brushing 2 minutes or longer and using a small amount of water when rinsing was reported by only 10% of the respondents. The factors that increased the odds for having good caries‐preventive behaviour were: (i) being female, (ii) being younger than 35 years, (iii) having knowledge about fluoride, (iv) finding use of fluoride toothpaste important and (v) rating own oral health as good.Conclusions:  The population seems to have embraced regular toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste to a large extent. However, regarding techniques for using fluoride toothpaste effectively, there was great potential for improvement, especially among the older respondents.
Photoinduced dermatitis and oral lichenoid reaction in a chronic myeloid leukemia patient treated with imatinib mesylate
Authors: Brazzelli Valeria , Muzio Francesca , Manna Giambattista , Moggio Erica , Vassallo Camilla , Orlandi Ester , Fiandrino Giacomo , Lucioni Marco , Borroni Giovanni 
Published: December 2011

SummaryBackgroundImatinib mesylate (IM) is a phenylaminopyrimidine that represents the first‐line treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Philadelphia chromosome‐positive. It acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of the bcr‐abl fusion protein by a competitive inhibition at the adenosine triphosphate‐binding site of the enzyme, which leads to the inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of the proteins involved in bcr‐abl signal transduction. IM is generally well tolerated and usually provokes only mild side effects consisting of nausea, myalgia, edema and muscle cramps.ObservationThis is a report of a patient affected by CML, who developed a photoinduced dermatitis and an oral lichenoid reaction associated with IM treatment. The lesions were resolved, thanks to the withdrawal of the therapy, and they relapsed after the reintroduction of IM, confirming the drug‐induced pathogenesis.ConclusionSkin changes are the most common non‐hematologic side effects to IM treatment and are usually dose dependent. In particular, patients with IM therapy reported a lightening and depigmentation of the skin, that may alter the skin protection against ultraviolet exposure, with a possible subsequent intolerance to sun exposure, as reported in our patient, and higher risk of skin cancer. They are frequently self‐limited or easily managed; nevertheless, in some cases, the therapy needs to be discontinued or may only be continued with concomitant oral steroid.
Excimer light photototherapy of segmental and non‐segmental vitiligo: experience in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Yu‐Pin , Chiu Hsien‐Yi , Jee Shiou‐Hwa , Tsai Tsen‐Fang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurposeTo determine the efficacy of excimer light in the treatment vitiligo and to assess parameters affecting therapeutic results.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 227 patches of vitiligo in 142 patients. Treatment was performed twice weekly and treatment efficacy was assessed by two independent dermatologists. Patients who received less than 24 treatment sessions were excluded from the analysis of predictive factors for response.ResultsSixty‐eight (30.0%) patches achieved more than 50% repigmentation, and 42 (18.5%) achieved more than 75% repigmentation. The mean treatment numbers to achieve any repigmentation and more than 50% repigmentation were 19.41 and 34.93, respectively. Fewer treatment sessions number, segmental lesions and absence of melasma were significant predictors for poor treatment response in multivariate analysis. Lesions on the hands/feet needed the highest dose and scalp lesions needed the highest number of treatment sessions to produce initial repigmentation.ConclusionsExcimer light is a valuable treatment modality for both segmental and non‐segmental vitiligo even in patients who have failed previous treatments. The number of treatment sessions needed to produce initial pigmentation may be higher than 30 for scalp lesions. There is a need to find other combination methods, both medical and surgical, to enhance its therapeutic efficacy.
Granuloma annulare photoinduced by paroxetine
Authors: Álvarez‐Pérez Adriana , Gómez‐Bernal Silvia , Gutiérrez‐González Enrique , Rodríguez‐Granados M. Teresa , Toribio Jaime 
Published: December 2011

SummaryGranuloma annulare (GA) is a benign granulomatous skin disease with several clinical manifestations and characteristic histological findings. GA located in photoexposed areas is a rare finding and its association to a drug‐induced systemic photosensitivity is even less common. To the best of our knowledge, only one case of systemic drug photosensitivity manifesting as a GA has been reported. We describe a patient with systemic photosensitivity to paroxetine with clinical and histological manifestations of GA, which was confirmed by the photobiological study. The phototest revealed a reduction of the minimal erythematous dose for UVB while taking the paroxetine and its normalization after its withdrawal, which was accompanied by the clinical resolution of the skin eruption. The manifestation of systemic drug photosensitivity as a GA like in our case is exceptional.
Miniature swine model of phototoxicity testing
Authors: Leigh Heinz , Forbes Paul Donald , Lawson Charles , Kim Dae Young , White David , Brown Larry D. , Wehmeier Dean R. , Liu Jason , Bouchard Guy F. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryBackground/PurposeThis study determined the threshold doses for ‘solar erythema’ and for phototoxic responses to 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP) in white skin Hanford and grey skin Yucatan miniature swine.MethodsFor threshold erythema determinations, the UVR exposures included both UVA (315–400 nm) and UVB (290–315 nm) radiation by positioning one fluorescent ‘sunlamp’ among 10 ‘PUVA’ lamps. With this configuration the UVR exposures ranged from 0.5–2.8 times the ‘instrumental MED’ (MEDi) for Hanford and from 1.0–5.6 times the MEDi for Yucatan. For phototoxicity determinations (i.e., with and without topically‐applied graduated concentrations of 8‐MOP), the UVB component was minimized by extinguishing the sunlamp, thus permitting higher UVA exposures.ResultsThe Hanford had the lower UV erythema dose threshold (1.0–1.4 times the MEDi) and the erythema that developed was readily observable. The exposure doses for the phototoxicity test were 5 J/cm2 of UVA in 35 minutes or 10 J/cm2 in 70 minutes. The phototoxic (vascular) response to 8‐MOP was observed in the two highest concentrations (0.01% and 0.1%) in Hanford pigs, in a dose‐related manner. Microscopic evidence of a dose‐related response was also observed as the concentration of 8‐MOP increased.ConclusionThis verified that the Hanford miniature swine is the preferable strain for phototoxic effects. In contrast, UVR exposure of the Yucatan pig skin produced tanning rather than erythema, confirming that the Yucatan is the more appropriate strain for studying the melanization response. Thus, Hanford and Yucatan miniature swine have cutaneous photobiological responses that reflect their respective strain differences.
A new morphometric technique for assessment of melanization in skin of guinea pigs
Authors: Anbar Tag S. , El‐Ammawi Tarek S. , Barakat Manal T. , Abdel‐Rahman Amal T. , Fawzy Ahmed 
Published: December 2011

SummaryBackgroundThe degree of melanization is an important finding in many skin disorders. An objective measurement of melanin density is needed to achieve an accurate evaluation.ObjectivesThe present work aims at translating the subjective increase of melanin particles after narrow band ultraviolet‐B (NB‐UVB) irradiation into objective numerical values ready for statistical analysis.Materials and MethodsThis study had involved 18 guinea pigs that were exposed to biweekly sessions of NB‐UVB radiation for 4 weeks to induce skin pigmentation. Two skin biopsies were obtained from each animal; the first before treatment and the second at the end of the study, using 5 mm punch and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson–Fontana (MF) stains. Surface area of both the epidermis (ESA) and the melanin particles (MPSA) were measured in μm2 using a software supplied with Olympus light microscope. The MPSA/ESA percentage was calculated for each biopsy. The results before and after NB‐UVB exposure were compared and statistically analyzed.ResultsIn the MF‐stained sections, the mean ± SD of the MPSA/ESA percentage were 0.24 μm2 ± 0.09 and 6.21 μm2 ± 2.45 at the start of the study and at its end, respectively, with a highly significant difference (P < 0.001).ConclusionThis technique offers a new methodology for an accurate numerical evaluation of epidermal melanization.
MRSA eradication in dermatologic outpatients – theory and practice
Authors: Meyer Volker , Kerk Nina , Mellmann Alexander , Friedrich Alexander , Luger Thomas A. , Goerge Tobias 
Published: December 2011

Summary Background: The dissemination of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an increasing challenge in medical care. Apart from hospital acquired MRSA, there has also been an increase in community acquired and livestock associated MRSA. While the risks of MRSA (e. g. wound infections) and consequences (e. g. rejection of patients) are well known, there are little data on the effectiveness of eradication procedures.Patients and methods: 32 patients with proven MRSA colonization were monitored during eradication for the following aspects: (1) localization of MRSA (swabs from hairline, anterior nares, throat, axillae, groins, perineum, and wounds, if present), (2) presence of eradication‐impairing factors, (3) length of time needed for eradication, (4) cost of eradication, (5) molecular fingerprint and risk assessment (spa‐types).Results: We describe the successful eradication of MRSA in all 32 patients. Most positive nasal swabs were obtained from the anterior nares and the throat and only rarely from the hairline or axillae. The greater the number of positive swabs, the more time was needed for eradication. In most patients (37.5%), eradication with topical antiseptics was successful. The average time for eradication was 12.97 (± 7.6) days. Twelve patients required systemic antibiotic therapy. Treatment costs associated with the use of systemic antibiotics were significantly higher. The most frequent spa types were t032 and t003. Conclusions: We report successful MRSA eradication in outpatients. Systemic antibiotics are unnecessary in the majority of patients. A combined anti‐MRSA strategy for inpatients and outpatients is recommended.
An Experimental Setup for the Measurement of Nonthermal Effects During Water‐Filtered Infrared A‐Irradiation of Mammalian Cell Cultures
Authors: Jung Tobias , Höhn Annika , Lau Anne‐Marie , Piazena Helmut , Grune Tilman 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn many recent publications, supposed athermal effects of water‐filtered infrared A (wIRA) irradiation are discussed. Those effects are mainly attributed to wavelengths in the range from 780 to 1440 nm, and should not result from warming of cellular water or any aqueous medium surrounding the irradiated sample caused by wIRA absorption. Athermal effects are considered to be induced directly by absorption of different wavelengths of the wIRA spectrum by cellular molecules or structures except water. To distinguish between thermal and athermal effects, irradiated samples have to be subjected to a very effective and precise temperature homeostasis. Any experimental effects can only be attributed to pure athermal effects, if the temperature of the irradiated samples is verifiably constant and does not result in hyperthermia. Here, data of temperature distribution in Petri dishes of different types filled with aqueous medium are presented which were estimated by model calculation for different setups of cooling. Additionally, the real temperature development was directly measured. Such a cooling unit enables long‐term application of high wIRA irradiances and large doses without any detectable warming of the irradiated samples, in single cell layers. Using such a setup, thermal and athermal effects can be compared and in addition to that quantified.
Neutrophil cell population data: useful indicators for postsurgical bacterial infection
Authors: ZHU Y. , CAO X. , CHEN Y. , ZHANG K. , WANG Y. , YUAN K. , XU D. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryIntroduction:  The Coulter LH750 analyzer can determine white blood cell count (WBC) with differentials and determine their intrinsic biophysical properties, known as cell population data (CPD). Previous studies demonstrated that neutrophil CPD, mean neutrophil volume (MNV), and neutrophil volume distribution width (NDW) were significantly increased during bacterial infection. This study investigated the clinical usefulness of MNV/NDW to differentiate postoperative infection.Methods:  Cell population data from 212 controls, 135 patients without postsurgical infection, and 62 with infection were studied. All patients had normal WBC and percent neutrophils prior to surgery.Results:  No significant differences in MNV and NDW were observed before surgery between infected and noninfected patients when compared with controls. The MNV and NDW in infected patients were significantly increased after surgery when compared with noninfected patients. Although WBC and percent neutrophils were also increased after surgery, no statistical differences were seen between noninfected and infected patients. A MNV cutoff of ≥152.4 and NDW cutoff of ≥24.26 produced 90.3% and 88.3% sensitivity and 88.4% and 76.3% specificity, respectively.Conclusion:  Neutrophil CPD, MNV, and NDW are better indicators for postoperative bacterial infection. The potential clinical usefulness of these parameters merits further exploration in a larger prospective study.
Intraosseous schwannoma; a case report and short review
Authors: Sumalatha M.N. , RaviPrakash S. , Shankar V. N. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNeurilemmoma is a benign nerve sheath tumour that is composed entirely of well‐differentiated Schwann cells. Schwannomas arise when proliferating Schwann cells in the perineurium causing displacement and compression of peripheral, motor, sensory, sympathetic and cranial nerve sheath. They may occur at any age, but the peak incidence is 3rd and 4th decades with no sex predilection. Histopathological picture shows primarily of Schwann cells in a poorly collagenized stroma. The treatment of choice is surgical excision with good prognosis and rare secondary complications. We describe a clinical case of intraosseous schwannoma located in the right pretragus area in a 48‐year‐old female patient. It is important to highlight that the schwannoma is usually found in the head and neck, and rarely in the oral cavity. Intraosseous neurilemmomas are rare, and they represent less than 1% of all benign primary bone tumours.
Efficacy and safety of ginsam, a vinegar extract from Panax ginseng, in type 2 diabetic patients: Results of a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Yoon Ji Won , Kang Seon Mee , Vassy Jason L , Shin Hayley , Lee Yun Hee , Ahn Hwa Young , Choi Sung Hee , Park Kyong Soo , Jang Hak Chul , Lim Soo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAims/Introduction:  The efficacy, dose–response relationship and safety of ginsam, a vinegar extract from Panax ginseng, were evaluated in an 8‐week, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study in drug‐naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and Methods:  A total of 72 diabetic patients were randomized to receive 1500, 2000 or 3000 mg of ginsam, or placebo daily for 8 weeks (n = 18 in each group). The primary end‐point was the changes from the baseline HbA1c level. The secondary end‐points were the changes of fasting and postprandial 2‐h glucose concentration, and the proportion of patients achieving a reduction in HbA1c >0.5%.Results:  In the intention‐to‐treat analysis, ginsam treatment reduced HbA1c level significantly: −0.56 ± 0.25% in the 1500 mg group, −0.31 ± 0.12% in the 2000 mg group, and −0.29 ± 0.11% in the 3000 mg group (all P < 0.05), with a significant difference between the 1500 mg ginsam and the placebo group (−0.02 ± 0.12%, P = 0.021). The changes in fasting glucose concentration followed the same pattern: −21.40, −14.27 and −6.76 mg/dL for 1500, 2000, and 3000 mg, respectively, vs −2.25 mg/dL for the placebo. The percentage of patients whose HbA1c level decreased by >0.5% differed significantly between the placebo group (11.1%) and the 1500 mg (27.8%) and 2000 mg (27.8%) groups. No severe adverse events were observed in any group.Conclusions:  An 8‐week treatment with ginsam, a vinegar extract from P. ginseng, moderately improved HbA1c level and was well tolerated in type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate glycemic control. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrial.Gov (no. NCT01008163). (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2011.00185.x, 2011)
Luteolin inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration by suppressing the Src and Akt signalling pathways
Authors: Lang Yasong , Chen Dan , Li Dongye , Zhu Manyi , Xu Tongda , Zhang Tian , Qian Wenhao , Luo Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Objectives
Luteolin is a naturally occurring flavonoid found in many vegetables, fruits and medicinal plants. The migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the critical pathological processes in various cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of luteolin and its latent mechanism on the proliferation and migration of VSMCs stimulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Methods
VSMC proliferation and cell viability was assayed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method or by cell counting, and H2O2-elicited migration of VSMCs was measured using a transwell migration assay. The phosphorylation levels of Src, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and Akt (protein kinase B) were analysed by immunoblotting.

Key findings
This study demonstrated that luteolin showed a particularly inhibitory effect on H2O2-elicited VSMC proliferation and migration. In previous research, we originally explored the function of luteolin in blocking H2O2-triggered Src and Akt signalling pathways. The activation of Src, PDK1, Akt (308), Akt (473) in the luteolin-treated group was significantly lower than that seen in the H2O2 group.

Conclusions
These findings strongly suggested that luteolin suppresses H2O2-directed migration and proliferation in VSMCs partially due to down-regulation of the Akt and Src signalling pathways, which are important participants in the processes of migration and proliferation of VSMCs.