bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a school-based helmet promotion program on knowledge, attitudes and practices of eligible adolescent drivers
Authors: Germeni E , Lionis C , Kalampoki V , Davou B , Belechri M , Petridou E 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveSchool environment has been often identified as a prosperous venue for injury prevention and safety promotion. This study sought to investigate the impact of a school-based helmet promotion program on knowledge, attitudes and practices of eligible adolescent drivers.MethodsA cluster randomised controlled trial was implemented, with schools as the unit of randomisation. Four public, four private and four vocational high-schools situated in Attica, Greece, were sorted by type and randomly assigned to receive a one-month intervention, based on the key concepts of the Health Belief Model, or serve as controls. Self-report data were collected at baseline from 741 second grade students (∼16 years) and immediately after program completion.ResultsAfter program completion, helmet-related knowledge was significantly improved for all intervention students. The adjusted mean changes from baseline to post-test were: 1.71 for students attending public schools (p=0.0001); 2.31 for students attending private schools (p=0.0001); and 1.31 for students attending vocational schools (p=0.0001). Notwithstanding the greatest increase observed in private high-school students, the intervention had no impact on their attitudes and practices. Of note, individuals enrolled in private education had the lowest frequency of two-wheel motorised vehicle use, with 18.2% reporting frequent use, as contrasted to 38.6% in public schools and 61.1% in vocational.ConclusionsThe intervention was successful in increasing students knowledge about helmet use. Nevertheless, its impact on helmet-related attitudes and practices of participants appeared to vary across different school types.
Peculiarity of road traffic in Azerbaijan
Authors: Talishinskiy R 
Published: March 2011

There is a global problem associated with crisis in road safety and transport.My country has the same symptoms of global disease. There are few local programs of different departments. Statistic, available data and analysis of situation demonstrated increase of mortality and injuries as result of traffic crushes. There were more than 1000 dead in traffic accidents in Azerbaijan each year.It is fact is that transport is often considered economically more important that health/environment issues in some kind of countries. Also the interest of pedestrians and cyclists are generally less taken in consideration against interest of car drivers and bus traffic.Crash epidemic culminate critical level. It is determinate by increasing of population, number of vehicles, imperfection of traffic infrastructure, human factor etc. Human factor includes drink-driving, ignoring of usage of seat-belt and the sense of fatalism.Many specialists consider that intersections are the transportation system element most susceptible to traffic crashes and injuries. Crashes occur at intersections, and percentage is higher for urban areas.Decision of problem is local. There are a few project of improvement of road infrastructure. Authority tries to create some traffic strategy program. Realisation of this strategy will request well coordinated work of different sectors and departments.My country successfully participated in WHO project Global Status Report on Road Safety (GSRRS) in 2008. GSRRS helped us to develop a tool that will help my country access situation on traffic sphere. Realisation of GSRRS really stimulates road safety activities.
Assessment of knowledge of physicians about trauma/emergency care in public and private sectors in four districts of Sindh, pakistan
Authors: Baqir S M , Razzak J A , Khan U R , Heller D 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundIn Pakistan, currently there is only one institution, which offers postgraduate residency training program. Doctors from other specialties manage emergencies. Pakistan is vulnerable to natural and manmade emergencies. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the emergency care knowledge of physicians across four districts of Sind province, Pakistan.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted between January and February 2009. The study included a convenience sample of 141 physicians staffing public and private sector health system. We developed a 35-item physician knowledge test derived from the Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) curriculum. The instrument was validated through pilot testing on 23 senior students at the Aga Khan University Medical College.ResultsScores were uniformly poor, across all levels of physician training (p 0.34), tiers of care provided (0.74), public versus private (p 0.6) and districts (p 0.055) surveyed. The overall mean score was 11 (SD 5) of 35, and not one of the 141 physicians surveyed achieved a score above 20. Scores were low on several fill-in questions, such as on basic treatments for acute myocardial infarction (9% of respondents answered correctly), interpretation of electrocardiograms (3%) and the steps in basic life support (8%).ConclusionThe knowledge deficit was severe and this likely compromises the ability of health facilities to use their available supplies most effectively. Better physician training would likely be the single most cost-effective way to ensure the optimal use of existing resources for emergency care in Sindh.
Comparison of blood alcohol levels with breath alcohol levels measured using the Drager 7110 MKIII breathalyzer
Authors: Peleg K , Gopher A , Jaffe D H , Siman-Tov M , Almog S 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundBreathalyzers have become an indispensable tool for monitoring alcohol levels among drivers for evidential purposes. Israels traffic police, like many other countries worldwide, uses the Drager 7110 MKIII, which is correlated with blood alcohol levels at a 2100:1 partition ratio. Recent uncertainty with this association resulted in a legal standstill in the conviction of drunk drivers.ObjectiveTo assess the correlation between breath alcohol, measured using the Drager 7110 MKIII-IL breathalyzer, and blood alcohol concentrations (BAC).MethodsSixty-one healthy volunteers, ages 21–37 years, participated in a blinded study. Participants were administered between 0.89 and1.16 g 95% alcohol/kg body weight according to gender mixed with juice. Breath and blood samples were taken simultaneously before and at 30-, 60- and 90-min after alcohol ingestion. Breath alcohol concentrations were measured by police officers trained in the use of the breathalyzer and under field conditions. Blood alcohol levels were determined by head-space gas chromatography technique in an accredited laboratory.ResultsA total of 242 valid blood/breath tests were performed on 61 participants. The correlation coefficient between breath and blood alcohol levels was high (r=0.983). The regression equation for the prediction of breath alcohol was equal to 10.224+4.292*blood alcohol. The sensitivity and the specificity of the breathalyzer instrument were 97% and 93%, respectively. Blood to breath alcohol ratio was 1:2231242.ConclusionsThe Drager 7110 MKIII IL breathalyzer was highly correlated with BAC. The results of this study were used in the Israeli courts as evidence for the reliability of the Drager 7110 MKIII breathalyzer measurement.
Injuries and violence in Nepal: a review
Authors: Kumar J S , Suvash S 
Published: March 2011

Nepal lacks sufficient data on injury and violence. Studies have been done in different regions but there is not a nationwide study on this topic. So, we've designed this review to get a cumulative picture of injury and violence status in Nepal.MethodologyWe searched Medline database, Google scholar database and also all the national medical journals for relevant studies on injuries and violence. Our eligibility criteria included studies done in Nepal, evaluating the incidence of different forms of injuries and their causes and effects. We excluded case reports and reviews. Though we found 120 articles through our literature search, we included only 23 studies that met our eligibility criteria. We made cumulative analysis wherever possible.ResultsAll the studies were descriptive. In overall, the incidence of injuries was twice as common in male as in female (Male:Female = 2.1:1). The economically active population between 20 and 50 years of age was mostly involved in injuries. Road traffic injuries were the most common form of injuries, most of which (42.5%) involved motorcycles. Pedestrians (48.6%) were the most vulnerable group of population. Falls (48.9%) were the most common cause of neurotraumatic accidents. Other injuries occur at workplace, home and in the community.ConclusionOur review suggests that injuries and violence pose a big problem; road traffic accidents make the most part of it.
Traditional physical exercise and tai chi comparative study among older people in Hungary
Authors: Benyi M , Vamos M , Meszaros L , Czudar P , Rakos-Zichy P 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionMaking physical exercise among elderly is not really popular in Hungary. Traditional physiotherapy is preferred mostly among people with disability. As far tai chi is the evidence based good practice in fall prevention, but it was never tested in Hungary, two parallel studies were completed for comparison. Data and methods in year 2009 two exercise programs were offered for elderly groups: tai chi and traditional physical exercise. In tai chi groups there were 104 persons (35 persons younger than 65 years, 69 persons 65 years or older). To traditional physiotherapy groups 98 persons attended (among them 45 were younger than 65.) Both types of exercise took 1 h per week and lasted 10 weeks. The results were tested with SF36 test. Differences were measured between given answers before and after courses. Statistical program SPPS 11.0 was used.ResultsIn tai chi group among people younger than 65 years, we could find nine answers where people mentioned development in their health status. In group of elderly above 65 years four answers were significantly positive. In traditional physical exercise groups among elderly less than 65 years old nine answers were significantly better after than before; in group 65 years and elder six answers. In both groups two answers show significantly better results after training than before.ConclusionBoth types of exercise are almost equally efficient for elderly. Results can help the acceptance of tai chi, as a method among specialists, who deal with injury prevention among elderly.
The preparedness of Ugandan schools for fires
Authors: Nakitto M , Lett R 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionThere have been numerous media reports on school fires in Uganda. In April 2008, a primary school dormitory caught fire and 20 children burnt to death. This incident increased public interest. One year later, an assessment on school preparedness was performed.Methods50 schools (day and boarding) were randomly chosen and stratified by level of education (20 primary, 20 secondary, 10 post secondary) in the five divisions of Kampala. A questionnaire was administered to key informants who were school teachers. Trained research assistants assessed training, fire equipment and the school environment. Direct observation was done. Frequency analysis was done.ResultsSchools (72%) were government owned with 92% mixed students. Schools (50%) had ever been trained on fire safety. Schools (19%) had trained before the incident. Fire extinguishers usage, fire fighting and causes of fires were part of training course. There was no formal training curriculum in schools. Training lasted from a minimum of 1 h to maximum of 1 week. 73% of teachers trained passed on the knowledge to their students. 60% of schools had persons in charge of fires. 84% of schools had no fire safety plans in place. 34% of schools had fire assemblies. 68% had fire extinguishers that were installed after the incident. 8% had fire alarm system in place. 68% had fire exits or escapes. 18% of schools had history of fires. Five schools had fire outbreaks in dormitories and received no help from fire brigade. 66% of schools had kitchen 1–60 m away from dormitories and classrooms. 22% of schools use paraffin lamps as alternative source of lighting when electricity is cut.Discussion and conclusionMajority of Ugandan schools are not prepared to deal with fires. Fire safety policies and standards should be addressed by the Ministry of Education and School Management.
Head injuries, factors associated, outcomes
Authors: Busingye D , Bua E 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionRoad traffic accidents are a major cause of injury and trauma in Uganda, of which head injuries are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among casualties.ObjectivesTo determine the leading cause of head injuries, factors associated and the outcomes.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out. Pretested questionnaires were filled in from the Records department on patients with head injuries in the years 2007, 2008 and 2009. Data was entered using Epi data software, cleaned and exported to SPSS for analysis in Respect to the study variables.ResultsThe median age was found to be 28. 90% were as a result of road traffic accidents of which 86% were motorcyclists. Most injuries occurred between 8 pm and 2 am. Trend showed Increase in the number of injuries and complications thereafter.ConclusionThe increase in the number of head injuries among young energetic men causes a strain on the country's labour and resources. There is great need for education and public awareness on the traffic rules, provision of protective gear to the cyclists and passengers and reduction of motorcycles in the city.
Managing and promoting child safety in the city new holistic model
Authors: Shira K , Dafna K , Michal K , Gali B S , Zvi B , Michal H L , Silbinger O 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionUnintentional injuries are a major cause of child mortality and morbidity in Israel. Municipal authorities promote child safety via different activities and departments; however child safety is not recognised as a single integrated issue in need of comprehensive management.ObjectiveTo develop an holistic model for Safe Cities, combining methods of organisation counselling, risk management and health promotion. Concept ‘Safe Cities for Children’ is based on the safe community model, with the addition of supplementary domains including: the City as an Organisation. Using tools of organisation counselling to incorporate a safety culture in the municipality. Functional Responsibility. Recognition of and obligation to the municipality's functional responsibility to see to child safety. Safety Management and Promotion. Commitment to comprehensive child safety management, as well as engage in promotion of child safety via activities. Standards and tools (1) Safe City Guideline developed based on OHSAS 18001, Safe Community model and international labour organisation (ILO) documentation. (2) Initial risk survey and mapping of the state of child safety in the municipality as a baseline prior to launching the program. (3) Minimal Data Set (MDS) a uniform MDS on child injuries adapted for municipalities. (4) Organisation counselling model – developed for counselling municipalities in the field of child safety.ValidationTwenty municipal authorities in Israel have joined the Safe Cities program since 2001; half are in the low socio-economic bracket including Arab and Jewish Ultra Orthodox population. Results of initial evaluation of the model will be presented.
Data collection and analysis of consumer product related child injuries in Israel
Authors: Mike-Doron R , Epel A , Oppenheim M , Endy-Findling L 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundEach year children in Israel are injured due to a variety of consumer products. The current data sources in Israel do not provide systematic information on consumer product related child injuries. Beterem- Safe Kids Israel initiated the National Pediatric Injury & Safety Surveillance (NAPIS) program to collect and analyse data from multiple sources. As of January 2007, Beterem conducts systematic quantitative and qualitative analyses of consumer product related child injury events for the Ministry of Industry, trade and labour.MethodsThe data on consumer product related child injuries in the years 2006-2008 was compiled from three Beterem databases: (1) bedside counselling and Injury Data Collection with Families of hospitalised Children – database of intake data on injury events. (2) Database of Child Injury Incidents from the Media systematic information on child injuries as publicised in the media. (3) Safety Experts' Telephone Hotline database based on contacts to the hotline.ResultsData for 3 years includes: from the counselling database, 1591 consumer product related injury events, involving 220 products, of which 41 products represented 80% of the injury events; from the media database, 661 cases involving 190 products; and over 40 additional cases via the hotline. Detailed information and a narrative summary on consumer product related child injuries includes analysis of the types of injury, causes and locations of incidents, product group, model and manufacturer. The information is provided to policy makers and serves as the basis for changes in standardisation of consumer products in Israel.
Economic evaluation of domestic violence in France
Authors: Nectoux M , Mugnier C , Baffert S , Thelot B , Albagli M 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cost of domestic violence in France.MethodThis work was a part of a European programme (DAPHNE). The consequences of violence were listed. The data which allow quantifying these consequences were collected and expressed in monetary terms. The reference for the cost calculation was the incidence of the violence; the costs or the parameters of costs were accumulated since the beginning of the events. The cost of domestic violence was estimated from the view point of the society based on published data, institutional sources, field studies and experts opinions. The sources of data came from medical, judicial, associative spheres and from national inquiries in health.ResultsThe total cost of domestic violence in France was estimated at 2472 million euros per year (between 1.7 and 3.5 billion euros). This cost was detailed in: healthcare costs (483 million); use of the police and justice services (235 million); costs of the social consequences, particularly the use of the social security benefits (120 million); human costs of the rapes and prejudices (535 million); production losses due to the deaths, the imprisonments and absenteeism (1099 million, more of 40% of the total).ConclusionAlthough the data were often incomplete and required hypotheses for the calculations, it may be concluded that by increasing by one euro the budget of the prevention policies of the domestic violence, one could save up to 87 euro of societal expenses, among which 30 euro of direct expenses.
A population based study on injuries in rural and urban areas of Aligarh
Authors: Zaidi S H N , Khan Z , Khalique N , Amir A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundWorldwide injuries and violence are ranked among the leading causes of death and disability. In India, the currently available injury data are hospital derived. In order to understand the burden and outcome associated with injuries, we conducted a community based study in urban and rural area of Aligarh.MethodsCommunity based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2006 to July 2007. Data were gathered on 1864 individuals of all ages. The urban sample included 607 individuals while the rural sample included 1257 persons. People having suffered from injury resulted in losing one or more days of normal activity in the last 6 months and all injury-related deaths during the last 1 year were included in the study.ResultsThe proportion of individuals who sustained injury in rural area was much higher, with an injury incidence of 116 per 1000 persons (95% CI=114.2 to 117.8) compared to urban area with an injury incidence of 88 per 1,000 persons (95% CI 85.8 to 90.2) of the total population. A significant difference was also found for major disability (>30 disability days) in both areas, with an incidence of 44 per 1000 persons per year (95% CI 42.8 to 45.2) in rural areas and 28 per 1000 persons (95% CI to 26.6 to 29.4) in urban areas. In both areas, the most common cause of injury was Stab/ cut, followed by falls and traffic injury.ConclusionThe urban-rural contrasts in injury mortality and morbidity are due to differences in infrastructure and livelihoods. This has greater implications in setting priorities when planning for intervention strategies.
Epidemiology of childhood road traffic injury: in Bangladesh yield of the largest community based survey
Authors: ul Baset M D Kamran , Rahman A K M Fazlur , Rahman A , Mashreky S M R , Towner E 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionRoad traffic injuries (RTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity, disability and mortality in low income countries. According to the WHO Global Burden of Disease project, in 2004 nearly 1.3 million people of all ages were killed in road traffic crashes around the world and over 50 million were injured or disabled.ObjectiveInvestigate the magnitude of and risk factors for childhood road traffic injury in Bangladesh.MethodologyA cross sectional study was conducted to determine the current childhood road traffic injury situation in Bangladesh. Face-to-face interviews were used. Multi stage cluster sampling was used to select the sample.ResultNationally representative data were collected from 171 366 rural and urban households. In the sampled households 351 651 children aged 0–17 years were identified; 178 285 were males and 173 366 females. The rate of non-fatal RTI among children under 18 years of age was calculated as 186.55 per 100 000 child-year. The highest incidence (216.06/100 000 child-year) was found among the 59 years age group. Among the total children with non-fatal RTI 75.3% were male and 24.7% were female. The incidence of childhood RTI was found to be three times higher in rural children than urban children. Most of the childhood RTIs were pedestrian injuries. The rate of fatal RTI was 5.97 per 100 000 per year among all children.ConclusionThe study findings confirmed that childhood RTI is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. An appropriate prevention programme is urgently required to prevent fatal and non-fatal RTIs in rural areas.