bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birthdays of retinal amacrine cell subtypes are systematically related to their molecular identity and soma position
Authors: Voinescu P. Emanuela , Kay Jeremy N. , Sanes Joshua R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe mammalian retina contains six major cell types, several of which are divided into multiple molecularly and morphologically distinct subtypes. To understand how subtype diversity arises during development, we focused on amacrine interneurons in the mouse retina; ∼30 amacrine subtypes have been identified in mammals. We used antibody markers to identify the two main amacrine subsets—GABAergic and glycinergic—and further subdivided these groups into smaller subsets based on expression of neurotransmitter and transcription factor markers. We then used bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling to see whether amacrine subsets are born (become postmitotic) at different times, as is the case for lamina‐specified subsets of cortical projection neurons. We found that GABAergic amacrines are generated on average 2–3 days before glycinergic amacrines. Moreover, subsets of GABAergic amacrines are born at distinct times. We also found a strong correlation between amacrine cell birthday and soma position in the mature retina, another point of similarity with cortical projection neurons. This relationship raised the possibility that amacrine subtype identity is determined by signals that uncommitted cells receive after they migrate to their destinations. However, cells labeled with BrdU in vivo, then dissociated and allowed to develop in vitro, acquired the amacrine subtype‐specific markers appropriate for their birthdays, supporting the idea that they become specified near the time and place of their birth. Together, our results suggest that the birthdays of amacrine cells independently specify their destinations and subtype identities. J. Comp. Neurol. 517:737–750, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression patterns and developmental roles of duplicated scinderin‐like genes in zebrafish
Authors: Jia Sujuan , Nakaya Naoki , Piatigorsky Joram 
Published: August 2009

AbstractScinderin, the closest homologue of the actin‐severing protein, gelsolin, has two similar paralogs (Scinla and Scinlb) in zebrafish. Scinla is abundant in the adult cornea; Scinlb comprises considerably less corneal protein. Here, we show that scinla is expressed in the nose, lens, brain, cornea and annular ligament of the iridocorneal angle; by contrast, scinlb is expressed in the hatching gland, floor plate, notochord, otic vesicle, brain, pharynx, cartilage, swim bladder and cornea. Activity of scinla and scinlb promoter fragments driving the EGFP reporter gene in transgenic zebrafish resembled scinla or scinlb expression. Previously, we showed that reduction of scinla by injection of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides ventralized embryos; here, specific reduction of scinlb expression led to subtle brain abnormalities associated with increased cell death, decreased shhb expression in the floor plate, and slightly reduced eye distance. Thus, scinla and scinlb have different expression patterns and developmental roles during zebrafish development. Developmental Dynamics 238:2633–2640, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expanding the scope of CE reactor to ssDNA‐binding protein–ssDNA complexes as exemplified for a tool for direct measurement of dissociation kinetics of biomolecular complexes
Authors: Takahashi Toru , Ohtsuka Kei‐ichirou , Tomiya Yoriyuki , Iki Nobuhiko , Hoshino Hitoshi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractCE reactor (CER), which was developed as a tool for direct measurement of the dissociation kinetics of metal complexes, was successfully applied to the complexes ofEscherichia colissDNA‐binding protein (SSB) with ssDNA. The basic concept of CER is the application of CE separation process as a dissociation kinetic reactor for the complex, and the observation of the on‐capillary dissociation reaction profile of the complex as the decrease of the peak height of the complex with increase of the migration time. The peak height of [SSB‐ssDNA] decreases as the migration time increases since the degree of the decrease of [SSB‐ssDNA] through the on‐capillary dissociation reaction is proportional to the degree of the decrease of the peak height of [SSB‐ssDNA]. The dissociation degree‐time profiles for the complexes are quantitatively described by analyzing a set of electropherograms with different migration times. Dissociation rate constants of [SSB‐ssDNA] consisting of 20‐mer, 25‐mer and 31‐mer ssDNA were directly determined to be 3.99×10−4, 4.82×10−4and 1.50×10−3/s, respectively. CER is a concise and effective tool for dissociation kinetic analysis of biomolecular complexes.
The consistency of pressure‐gradient approximations used in multi‐dimensional shock hydrodynamics
Authors: Christon Mark A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a study of the consistency properties of the pressure‐gradient approximation used in multi‐dimensional finite‐element shock hydrodynamics codes today. In specific, consideration is given to the so‐called ‘bent‐element blues’ problem associated with the pressure‐gradient approximation when using the Q1Q0 element. On arbitrary grids comprised of distorted elements, the piecewise‐constant representation of the pressure field leads to a low‐order pressure‐gradient approximation at the global (nodal) level. This results in spurious nodal forces that are not aligned with the pressure gradient. There are several side‐effects of this behavior that include (a) incorrectly exciting physical modes in problems that exhibit unstable behavior, e.g. Rayleigh–Taylor problems (both magnetic and hydrodynamic), (b) potentially seeding hourglass modes, and (c) exhibiting non‐stationary behavior for steady‐state problems. A series of commonly used pressure‐gradient approximations are reviewed and evaluated based on linear consistency—the ability of the approximation to annihilate constant terms and exactly reproduce a linear gradient. The deeper theoretical issues associated with the proper selection of function spaces for the finite‐element hydro formulation are not discussed here. There are two gradient approximations that use piecewise‐constant data and deliver a consistent pressure‐gradient approximation on arbitrary grids. The first is the well‐known least‐squares gradient construction, and the second is a corrected gradient approximation that imposes linear consistency at the (global) nodal level. At the time of this writing, the corrected gradient approximation appears to be the most viable candidate for resolving the consistency issues associated with the Q1Q0 element technology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of gridless method with dynamic clouds of points for solving unsteady CFD problems in aerodynamics
Authors: Wang Hong , Chen Hong‐Quan , Periaux Jacques 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWhen solving unsteady computational fluid dynamics problems in aerodynamics with a gridless method, a cloud of points is usually required to be regenerated due to its accommodation to moving boundaries. In order to handle this problem conveniently, a fast dynamic cloud method based on Delaunay graph mapping strategy is proposed in this paper. A dynamic cloud method makes use of algebraic mapping principles and therefore points can be accurately redistributed in the flow field without any iteration. In this way, the structure of the gridless clouds is not necessarily changed so that the clouds regeneration can be avoided successfully. The spatial derivatives of the mathematical modeling of the flow are directly determined by using weighted least‐squares method in each cloud of points, and then numerical fluxes can be obtained. A dual time‐stepping method is further implemented to advance the two‐dimensional Euler equations in arbitrary Lagarangian–Eulerian formulation in time. Finally, unsteady transonic flows over two different oscillating airfoils are simulated with the above method and results obtained are in good agreement with the experimental data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Option pricing under Markov‐switching GARCH processes
Authors: Chen Chao‐Chun , Hung Ming‐Yang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study proposes an N ‐state Markov‐switching general autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic (MS‐GARCH) option model and develops a new lattice algorithm to price derivatives under this framework. The MS‐GARCH option model allows volatility dynamics switching between different GARCH processes with a hidden Markov chain, thus exhibiting high flexibility in capturing the dynamics of financial variables. To measure the pricing performance of the MS‐GARCH lattice algorithm, we investigate the convergence of European option prices produced on the new lattice to their true values as conducted by the simulation. These results are very satisfactory. The empirical evidence also suggests that the MS‐GARCH model performs well in fitting the data in‐sample and one‐week‐ahead out‐of‐sample prediction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:444–464, 2010
Slug is a downstream mediator of transforming growth factor‐β1‐induced matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression and invasion of oral cancer cells
Authors: Joseph Mathew J. , Dangi‐Garimella Surabhi , Shields Mario A. , Diamond Michelle E. , Sun Limin , Koblinski Jennifer E. , Munshi Hidayatullah G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMembers of Snail family of transcription factors play an important role in oral cancer progression by inducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition, by promoting invasion and by increasing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. Although Snail (Snai1) is the best characterized and the most extensively studied member of this family, the role and regulation of Slug (Snai2) in oral cancer progression is less well understood. In this report, we show that transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) increases Slug levels in tert‐immortalized oral keratinocytes and in malignant oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Inhibiting ERK1/2 signaling, but not PI3‐kinase signaling, blocked TGF‐β1‐induced Slug expression in the malignant UMSCC1 cells. To further examine the role of Slug in OSCC progression, we generated UMSCC1 cells with inducible expression of Slug protein. Induction of Slug in UMSCC1 cells did not repress E‐cadherin levels or regulate individual movement of UMSCC1 cells. Instead, Slug enhanced cohort migration and Matrigel invasion by UMSCC1 cells. Slug increased MMP‐9 levels and MMP‐9‐specific siRNA blocked Slug‐induced Matrigel invasion. Interestingly, Slug‐specific siRNA attenuated TGF‐β1‐induced MMP‐9 expression and Matrigel invasion. These data demonstrate that TGF‐β1 increases Slug via ERK1/2 signaling, and thereby contributes to OSCC progression. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 726–736, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biomarkers of lung‐related diseases: Current knowledge by proteomic approaches
Authors: Lau Andy T.Y. , Chiu Jen‐Fu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe lung epithelial surface is one of the vital barriers or sensors in the body responding to the external atmosphere and thereby always subjecting to direct toxicological exposure, stress, stimulus, or infection. Due to its relatively higher sensitivity in response to toxicants, the use of lung epithelial cell culture and lung tissue from animal models or patients has facilitated our learning to lung physiopathology and toxicopharmacology. The recent advancement of proteomics has made it possible to investigate the cellular response at a global level. In this review, the potential applications of proteomic approach in studying lung‐related diseases and biomarker discovery will be discussed. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 535–543, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
4D vs 2D ultrasound‐guided amniocentesis
Authors: Tonni Gabriele , Centini Gabriele , Rosignoli Lucia , Argento Cindy , Centini Giovanni 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPurpose.The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of 4D sonography (US) to guide amniocentesis when compared with standard 2D US, and to evaluate the impact this new method may have on needle placement, the number of needle insertions performed, and duration of the procedure.Methods.One hundred routine consecutive unselected amniocenteses were performed with 4D US‐guided technique and compared with 100 standard 2D US‐guided amniocenteses. All procedures were performed by trainees in maternal‐fetal medicine under the supervision of expert sonographers.Results.There were no significant statistical differences between 4D and 2D US‐guided amniocenteses. The procedure time was longer with the 4D US guidance than with the 2D US guidance, but this difference was not statistically significant. A 2nd needle insertion was necessary in two cases with 4D US guidance and in three cases with 2D US guidance. A better visualization of the needle tip was observed in both techniques when a 20‐gauge needle was used.Conclusion.The 4D US, which allows the needle tip to be displayed in real time in three orthogonal planes simultaneously, thus providing reassurance that no fetal parts are in the needle path, did not offer any advantage over 2D US in guiding routine midtrimester amniocentesis and this new modality has not yet proved effective in reducing the number ofneedle insertions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
Doppler studies of the ovarian venous blood flow in the diagnosis of adnexal torsion
Authors: Nizar Khatib , Deutsch Michael , Filmer Shlomo , Weizman Boris , Beloosesky Ron , Weiner Zeev 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPurpose.To evaluate the role of ovarian Doppler studies in diagnosing adnexal torsion.Methods.We included in that study all patients who had an adnexal mass with clinical symptoms of intermittent lower abdominal pain and were hospitalized for at least 48 hours of observation. Our protocol included: measurements of the size of the adnexal mass, presence or absence of ovarian edema, presence or absence of adnexal vascularity, presence or absence of ovarian artery flow, presence or absence of ovarian venous flow, pattern of ovarian venous flow. The ovarian artery and vein were sampled just above and lateral to the adnexa. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values in the diagnosis of adnexal torsion were calculated for each of the gray‐scale and Doppler sonographic (US) findings.Results.One hundred and ninety‐nine patients presented with adnexal mass and intermittent lower abdominal pain. Sensitivity and specificity of tissue edema, absence of intra‐ovarian vascularity, absence of arterial flow, and absence or abnormal venous flow in the diagnosis of adnexal torsion were: 21% and 100%, 52% and 91%, 76% and 99%, and 100% and 97%, respectively. All patients with adnexal torsion had absent flow or abnormal flow pattern in the ovarian vein. In 13 patients, the only abnormality was absent or abnormal ovarian venous flow with normal gray‐scale US appearance and normal arterial blood flow. Of these 13 patients, 8 (62%) had adnexal torsion or subtorsion.Conclusion.Abnormal ovarian venous flow may be the only abnormal US sign observed during the early stage of adnexal torsion. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2009
Usefulness of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of biliary leakage following T‐tube removal
Authors: Mao Ren , Xu Er‐Jiao , Li Kai , Zheng Rong‐Qin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBiliary leakage is a serious complication related to T‐tube removal. Identifying the location of the leak is important for accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment. We report a case of biliary leakage in the common bile duct (CBD) following a T‐tube removal that was successfully diagnosed with contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The micro‐bubble contrast medium was administrated into the bile ducts through the percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage catheter. The real‐time delineation of contrast agent leaking from the CBD was confirmed by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. CEUS can be used to detect biliary leakage after T‐tube removal. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2010
Age assignment of a diatomaceous ooze deposited in the western Amundsen Sea Embayment after the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Hillenbrand Claus‐Dieter , Smith James A. , Kuhn Gerhard , Esper Oliver , Gersonde Rainer , Larter Rob D. , Maher Barbara , Moreton Steven G. , Shimmield Tracy M. , Korte Monika 
Published: August 2009

AbstractReliable dating of glaciomarine sediments deposited on the Antarctic shelf since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is challenging because of the rarity of calcareous (micro‐) fossils and the recycling of fossil organic matter. Consequently, radiocarbon (14C) ages of the acid‐insoluble organic fraction (AIO) of the sediments bear uncertainties that are difficult to quantify. Here we present the results of three different methods to date a sedimentary unit consisting of diatomaceous ooze and diatomaceous mud that was deposited following the last deglaciation at five core sites on the inner shelf in the western Amundsen Sea (West Antarctica). In three cores conventional 14C dating of the AIO in bulk samples yielded age reversals down‐core, but at all sites the AIO 14C ages obtained from diatomaceous ooze within the diatom‐rich unit yielded similar uncorrected 14C ages between 13 517 ± 56 and 11 543 ± 47 years before present (a BP). Correction of these ages by subtracting the core‐top ages, which probably reflect present‐day deposition (as indicated by 210Pb dating of the sediment surface at one core site), yielded ages between ca. 10 500 and 8400 cal. a BP. Correction of the AIO ages of the diatomaceous ooze by only subtracting the marine reservoir effect (MRE) of 1300 a indicated deposition of the diatom‐rich sediments between 14 100 and 11 900 cal. a BP. Most of these ages are consistent with age constraints between 13.0 and 8.0 ka for the diatom‐rich unit, which we obtained by correlating the relative palaeomagnetic intensity (RPI) records of three of the sediment cores with global and regional reference curves. As a third dating technique we applied conventional radiocarbon dating of the AIO included in acid‐cleaned diatom hard parts extracted from the diatomaceous ooze. This method yielded uncorrected 14C ages of only 5111 ± 38 and 5106 ± 38 a BP, respectively. We reject these young ages, because they are likely to be overprinted by the adsorption of modern atmospheric carbon dioxide onto the surfaces of the diatom hard parts prior to sample graphitisation and combustion for 14C dating. The deposition of the diatom‐rich unit in the western Amundsen Sea suggests deglaciation of the inner shelf before ca. 13 ka BP. The deposition of diatomaceous oozes elsewhere on the Antarctic shelf around the same time, however, seems to be coincidental rather than directly related. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SP–PLP–EPR Investigations into the Chain‐Length‐Dependent Termination of Methyl Methacrylate Bulk Polymerization
Authors: Barth Johannes , Buback Michael 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTermination kinetics of methyl methacrylate (MMA) bulk polymerization has been studied via the single pulsed laser polymerization–electron paramagnetic resonance method. MMA‐d8 has been investigated to enhance the signal‐to‐noise quality of microsecond time‐resolved measurement of radical concentration. Chain‐length‐dependent termination rate coefficients of radicals of identical size, k, are reported for 5–70 °C and up to i = 100. k decreases according to the power‐law expression $k_{\rm t}^{i,i} = k_{\rm t}^{{\rm 1,1}} \cdot i^{ - \alpha }$. At 5 °C, kt for two MMA radicals of chain‐length unity is k = (5.8 ± 1.3) · 108 L · mol−1 · s−1. The associated activation energy and power‐law exponent are: EA(k) ≈ 9 ± 2 kJ · mol−1 and α ≈ 0.63 ± 0.15, respectively.magnified image
Permanent muscle weakness in MCArdle disease
Authors: Nadaj‐Pakleza Aleksandra A. , Vincitorio Carlo M. , Laforêt Pascal , Eymard Bruno , Dion Elisabeth , Teijeira Susana , Vietez Irene , Jeanpierre Marc , Navarro Carmen , Stojkovic Tanya 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMcArdle disease is an autosomal recessive muscle glycogenosis. In the typical clinical presentation, only exercise‐related symptoms are noted. Nevertheless, permanent weakness may occur, usually late in life. In this study we report on the clinical and genetic features of fixed muscle weakness in McArdle disease. Among the 80 McArdle patients being followed at the Institute of Myology of the Salpêtrière Hospital, 9 patients have permanent weakness. The diagnosis of McArdle disease was confirmed by muscle biopsy and genetic investigations. Two patterns of muscle weakness and wasting were noted: (1) proximal and symmetric in 5patients; and (2) asymmetric, mimicking facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) in 4 patients. Computerized tomography scan showed fatty infiltration in the shoulder and pelvic girdle muscles. There was no clear correlation between genotype and the severity of muscle weakness. Proximal muscle weakness appeared after the age of 40 years and affected 11% of subjects in our series of 80 McArdle patients. Among patients over 40 years of age, 37.5% had muscle weakness. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Dermatomyositis‐like muscle pathology in patients with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Allen Jeffrey A. , Greenberg Steven A. , Amato Anthony A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMyositis is a rare complication of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD) following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Almost all such patients have been reported to have polymyositis (PM). We describe clinical, pathologic, and molecular studies of 3 patients with cGVHD following allogeneic HSCT who developed myopathy. In each case, perifascicular atrophy, the pathognomonic histologic feature of dermatomyositis (DM), was observed. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Evaluation of dystrophic dog pathology by fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted imaging
Authors: Kobayashi Masanori , Nakamura Akinori , Hasegawa Daisuke , Fujita Michio , Orima Hiromitsu , Takeda Shin'Ichi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating muscle disorder that is characterized by progressive muscle necrosis, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration. To examine the temporospatial pathological changes, a noninvasive evaluation method such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is needed. The aim of this study was to precisely assess muscle necrosis and inflammation based on a sequence of T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), gadolinium‐enhanced imaging, and selective fat suppression, chemical shift selective T2‐weighted imaging (CHESS‐T2WI), on a 3.0‐Tesla MRI unit in 3‐month‐old and 7‐year‐old dogs with canine X‐linked muscular dystrophy (CXMDJ), a suitable animal model for DMD. The results show that CHESS‐T2WI was more sensitive and useful from the early to late stages of CXMDJ than T2WI or contrast enhancement imaging in the evaluation of muscle necrosis, because these latter sequences can be influenced by fatty infiltration or interstitial connective tissues.Muscle Nerve, 2009