bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology, fibrous composition and tensile properties of drag-silk produced by two species of orb spider
Authors: Jiang Ping , Lv Tai-Yong , Xiao Yong-Hong , Wu Meng-Ling , Liao Xin-Jun , Zhou Bing , Guo Cong 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Silk fibers produced by the orb spiders Argiope amoena and Nephila clavata were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The fibers were produced on a horizontal surface by unanesthetized spiders. The fibers have different morphologies, physical structures, and fibrous compositions broadly consisting of one to four filaments and numerous fibrilliform filaments with varying diameters. The fibers are composed of a wide range of different silk fibrils (e. g. major and minor ampullate or other gland silk). We examined a range of silks produced by orb spiders. The spiders produce different silks for purposes such as web mooring, web radial threads, scaffolding anchoring silk of egg cases. In addition fiber deposited when moving towards prey enmeshed in the web, fiber deposited when returning to the web center, and fiber used to hang vertically downwards from a branch are all different. The studies indicate that these two species of orb spider can spin fibers of diverse complex structures constructed from fibrils from different glands that vary in number, diameter, morphology, and conformation depending on application. We interpret the variation in the silk produced by relating it to the required tensile properties, a biological cost–benefit principle, and the functional requirements for different natural environments and applications.
Microstructure evolution in hypereutectoid graphitic steel
Authors: Rounaghi Seyyed-Amin , Kiani-Rashid Ali-Reza 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn spite of the excellent machinability and wear resistance of graphitic steels, they exhibit low hardness and mechanical properties due to the presence of a ferritic matrix, soft graphite phase and need for prolonged annealing time. So the matrix evolution of graphitic steel from ferritic to pearlitic, bainitic, martensitic and tempered martensite can overcome to this shortcoming. To achieve this purpose, reaustenitizing graphitic steel has been done at two temperatures (820 °C and 850 °C) and followed by different cooling rates. During this treatment, the ferritic matrix in graphitic steel was replaced by other phases such as pearlitic, bainitic etc. which also contain graphite particles. These transformed microstructures can improve the hardness and mechanical properties of graphitic steel.
Molecular phylogeny of Gymnocalycium (Cactaceae): Assessment of alternative infrageneric systems, a new subgenus, and trends in the evolution of the genus
Authors: Demaio Pablo H. , Barfuss Michael H. J. , Kiesling Roberto , Till Walter , Chiapella Jorge O. 
Published: October 2011

• Premise of the study: The South American genus Gymnocalycium (Cactoideae‐Trichocereae) demonstrates how the sole use of morphological data in Cactaceae results in conflicts in assessing phylogeny, constructing a taxonomic system, and analyzing trends in the evolution of the genus.• Methods: Molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed using parsimony and Bayesian methods on a 6195‐bp data matrix of plastid DNA sequences (atpI‐atpH, petL‐psbE, trnK‐matK, trnT‐trnL‐trnF) of 78 samples, including 52 species and infraspecific taxa representing all the subgenera of Gymnocalycium. We assessed morphological character evolution using likelihood methods to optimize characters on a Bayesian tree and to reconstruct possible ancestral states.• Key results: The results of the phylogenetic study confirm the monophyly of the genus, while supporting overall the available infrageneric classification based on seed morphology. Analysis showed the subgenera Microsemineum and Macrosemineum to be polyphyletic and paraphyletic. Analysis of morphological characters showed a tendency toward reduction of stem size, reduction in quantity and hardiness of spines, increment of seed size, development of napiform roots, and change from juicy and colorful fruits to dry and green fruits.• Conclusions: Gymnocalycium saglionis is the only species of Microsemineum and a new name is required to identify the clade including the remaining species of Microsemineum; we propose the name Scabrosemineum in agreement with seed morphology. Identifying morphological trends and environmental features allows for a better understanding of the events that might have influenced the diversification of the genus.
Antibody Repertoire Development in Fetal and Neonatal Piglets. XX. B Cell Lymphogenesis Is Absent in the Ileal Peyer’s Patches, Their Repertoire Development Is Antigen Dependent, and They Are Not Required for B Cell Maintenance
Authors: Butler John E. , Santiago-Mateo Kristina , Sun Xiu-Zhu , Wertz Nancy , Sinkora Marek , Francis David H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe continuous ileal Peyer’s patches (IPP) of sheep are regarded as a type of mammalian bursal equivalent where B cells diversify their repertoire in an Ag-independent fashion. Anatomically and developmentally similar IPP occur in swine. Resection of ∼90% of the IPP in piglets at birth did not alter Ig levels in serum and secretions or retard diversification of the Ab repertoire when animals were maintained in isolators and colonized with a defined gut flora. Resection or sham surgery elevated IgG and IgA in serum and in lavage fluid from the gut, lung, and in saliva. No changes in the frequency of IgG-, IgA-, and IgM-containing cells in the spleen and peripheral lymph node were observed. Using an index that quantifies diversification of the VDJ repertoire, no differences were seen in three secondary lymphoid tissues between piglets lacking IPP and colonized controls, whereas both groups displayed &gt;10-fold greater diversification than did late-term fetal piglets or piglets maintained germ-free. Somatic hypermutation was very low in fetal IPP and the IPP of germ-free piglets but increased 3- to 5-fold after colonization. D–J signal joint circles were not recovered in IPP, and V–DJ signal joint circles were 5-fold lower than in bone marrow and similar to those in thymus and spleen. We conclude that the porcine IPP are not a site of B cell lymphogenesis, do not undergo Ag-independent repertoire diversification, and are not primary lymphoid tissue since they are not required for maintenance of Ig levels in serum and secretions.
Visualization of concurrent markup
Authors: Jettka Daniel , Stührenberg Maik 
Published: October 2011

The present paper deals with the visualization of concurrent markup. An initial discussion of the underlying model of XML instances demonstrates that valid XML exceeds the expressive power of trees. While some challenging features of concurrent markup, like overlaps, can be captured by minimally extended trees, there are other phenomena which can be adequately expressed in XML using constructs which instantiate advanced graph structures (e.g. discontinuous elements or repetitive structures).
On the basis of two representation formats for concurrent markup, XStandoff and xLMNL, two distinct approaches towards its visualization are presented. The first method has been implemented in XSLT as an SVG-based 2D visualization strategy. Although it can be shown that this first approach provides an adequate (though not optimal) solution to overlapping structures, it is not capable of illustrating enhanced graph-based phenomena like the ones mentioned above. Therefore, some remarks about possible 3D visualizations are made which show how the adding of another dimension could contribute to the appropriately expressive visualization of concurrent markup. In addition, a prototypic implementation based on XSLT and X3D is discussed as first step towards a three-dimensional illustration.
XQuery Injection
Authors: van der Vlist Eric 
Published: October 2011

We all know (and worry) about SQL injection, but should we also worry about XQuery injection?
With the power of extension functions and the implementation of XQuery update features, the answer is clearly yes! We will see how an attacker can send information to an external site or erase a collection through XQuery injection on a naive and unprotected application using the eXist-db REST API.
That's the bad news...
The good news is that it's quite easy to protect your application from XQuery injection after this word of warning. We'll discuss a number of simple techniques (literal string escaping, wrapping values into elements or moving them out of queries in HTTP parameters) and see how to implement them in different environments covering traditional programming languages, XSLT, XForms and pipeline languages.
Enhanced Relaxometric Properties of MRI “Positive” Contrast Agents Confined in Three‐Dimensional Cubic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Guillet‐Nicolas Rémy , Bridot Jean‐Luc , Seo Yongbeom , Fortin Marc‐André , Kleitz Freddy 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are of growing interest for the development of novel probes enabling efficient tracking of cells in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The incorporation of Gd3+ paramagnetic ions into highly porous MSNs is a powerful strategy to synthesize “positive” MRI contrast agents for more quantitative T1‐weighted MR imaging. Within this context, different strategies have been reported to integrate Gd chelates to 2D pore network MSNs. As an alternative, we report on the modulation of the pore network topology through the preparation of a 3D pore network hybrid GdSixOy MSN system. In this study, 2D GdSixOy‐MSNs with similar porosity and particle size were also prepared and the relaxometric performances of both materials, directly compared. Both syntheses lead to water‐dispersible MSNs suspensions (particle size < 200 nm), which were stable for at least 48h. 3D GdSixOy‐MSNs provided a significant increase in 1H longitudinal relaxivity (18.5 s−1mM−1; 4.6 times higher than Gd‐DTPA) and low r2/r1 ratios (1.56) compatible with the requirements of “positive” contrast agents for MRI. These results demonstrate the superiority of a 3D pore network to host paramagnetic atoms for MRI signal enhancement using T1‐weighted imaging. Such an approach minimizes the total amount of paramagnetic element per particle.
Selective Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzylic and Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Join Benoît , Möller Konstanze , Ziebart Carolin , Schröder Kristin , Gördes Dirk , Thurow Kerstin , Spannenberg Anke , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA convenient and selective oxidation of alcohols with hydrogen peroxide to give aldehydes and ketones has been developed. Using in situ generated iron chloride complexes [Fe(L3)2Cln] [n=0–1, L3 =6‐(N‐phenylbenzimidazoyl)‐2‐pyridinecarboxylic acid], aldehydes and ketones were obtained in good yield and excellent selectivity after a short reaction time at room temperature.
Chiral Bioinspired Non‐Heme Iron Complexes for Enantioselective Epoxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Wu Mei , Miao Cheng‐Xia , Wang Shoufeng , Hu Xiaoxue , Xia Chungu , Kühn Fritz E. , Sun Wei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractChiral bioinspired iron complexes of N4 ligands based on the ethylenediamine backbone display remarkable levels of enantioselectivity for the first time in the asymmetric epoxidation of α,β‐unsaturated ketones using hydrogen peroxide (up to 87% ee) or peracetic acid as oxidant, respectively. Notablely, isotopic labeling with H218O strongly demonstrated that there is a reversible water binding step prior to generation of the significant intermediate. Besides, the complex [L2Fe(III)2(μ‐O)(μ‐CH3CO2)]3+ usually derived from the decay of the LFe(IV)O species or thermodynamic sinks for a number of iron complexes was identified by HR‐MS. In addition, the possible mechanisms were proposed and LFe(V)O species may be the main active intermediate in the catalytic system.
Controlled Reversible Anchoring of η6‐Arene/TsDPEN‐ Ruthenium(II) Complex onto Magnetic Nanoparticles: A New Strategy for Catalyst Separation and Recycling
Authors: Wu Lei , He Yan‐Mei , Fan Qing‐Hua 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA new catalyst separation and recycling protocol combining magnetic nanoparticles and host‐guest assembly was developed. The catalyst, (η6‐arene)[N‐(para‐toluenesulfonyl)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine]ruthenium trifluoromethanesulfonate [Ru(OTf)(TsDPEN)(η6‐arene)] bearing a dialkylammonium salt tag, was easily separated from the reaction mixtures by magnet‐assisted decantation, on basis of the formation of a pseudorotaxane complex by using dibenzo[24]crown‐8‐modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The ruthenium catalyst has been successfully reused at least 5 times with the retention of enantioselectivity but at the expense of relatively low catalytic activities in the asymmetric hydrogenation of 2‐methylquinoline.
Pancreatic iron and glucose dysregulation in thalassemia major
Authors: Noetzli Leila J. , Mittelman Steven D. , Watanabe Richard M. , Coates Thomas D. , Wood John C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPancreatic iron overload and diabetes mellitus (DM) are common in thalassemia major patients. However, the relationship between iron stores and glucose disturbances is not well defined. We used a frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), coupled with mathematical modeling, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine the impact of pancreatic, cardiac, and hepatic iron overload on glucose regulation in 59 patients with thalassemia major. According to OGTT results, 11 patients had DM, 12 had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 8 had isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and 28 patients had normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Patients with DM had significantly impaired insulin sensitivity and insulin release. Insulin resistance was most strongly associated with markers of inflammation and somatic iron overload, while disposition index (DI) (a measure of beta cell function) was most strongly correlated with pancreas R2*. Patients with DM and IGT had significantly worse DI than those with NGT or IFG, suggesting significant beta cell toxicity. One‐third of patients having elevated pancreas R2* had normal glucose regulation (preclinical iron burden), but these patients were younger and had lower hepatic iron burdens. Our study indicates that pancreatic iron is the strongest predictor of beta cell toxicity, but total body iron burden, age, and body habitus also influence glucose regulation. We also demonstrate that MRI and fasting glucose/insulin are complementary screening tools, reducing the need for oral glucose tolerance testing, and identify high‐risk patients before irreversible pancreatic damage. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retrospective analysis of weekly intravenous immunoglobulin prophylaxis versus intravenous immunoglobulin by IgG level monitoring in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Howell Joshua E. , Gulbis Alison M. , Champlin Richard E. , Qazilbash Muzaffar H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPatients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo HCT) have a higher incidence of infections partly due to secondary hypogammaglobulinemia. We evaluated the role of IVIG in allo HCT patients who received prophylactic IVIG 200 mg/kg once weekly regardless of IgG level (Group 1, n = 115) compared with patients who received IVIG based on IgG level <400 mg/dL (Group 2, n = 114). Primary endpoints were the utilization of IVIG, incidence of veno‐occlusive disease (VOD), graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), and documented infections within the first 100 days after allo HCT. Patients in both groups were similar except for a higher number of matched unrelated donor (MUD) transplants in Group 2 (62 vs. 41, P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in the incidence all grades of GVHD (55 vs. 50), VOD (2 vs. 0) or infections in the two groups except for a higher incidence of para‐influenza infections in group 1 (9 vs. 0, P = 0.003) coinciding with the flu season. We recommend monthly monitoring of IgG level and replacement only if IgG level is <400 mg/dL. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testing for top‐down control: can post‐disturbance fisheries closures reverse algal dominance?
Authors: McClanahan T.R. , Muthiga N.A. , Coleman R. A. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

The response of fish, sea urchins, benthic cover, herbivory, and predation on sea urchins were studied over a 14‐year period in and out of a recently established fully closed and fished atoll reef lagoon of the remote Glover's Reef, Belize.
Closure from fishing was predicted to result in the recovery of predatory fish and herbivores, herbivory rates, and subsequently reduce erect algae and lead to the recovery of herbivore resistant and calcifying taxa such as hard corals and calcifying algae. Recovery of predatory fishes was the largest response to closure and the herbivore response was weak and no corals and calcifying algae changed in the predicted direction.
Hard corals declined where they were most abundant and all sites appear to have reached a stable point of ~15% cover by the end of the study. Generalized and possibly opportunistic carnivores, such as jacks, barracuda, groupers, snappers, grunts, and sparids showed the greatest increases and there was a trend towards more small‐bodied herbivores such sea urchins and damselfish in the open and a slight gain in large herbivores in the closed area, but this had little effect in increasing total herbivory.
Factors that may have influenced this unexpected response include: (1) a complex food web that did not produce a simple cascade response; (2) attenuation of the cascade effect towards the lower trophic levels; (3) insufficient compliance, closure time, and space; (4) a post‐ rather than pre‐disturbance establishment of the closure; 5) habitat or site specificity; and (6) overriding environmental disturbances, such as oceanographic oscillations and a warming climate.

The results suggest a need to further evaluate fisheries management systems, contingencies, and interventions that will promote coral reef resilience to climate change and ecosystem sustainability.
Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infinite horizon optimal control for nonlinear interconnected large‐scale dynamical systems with an application to optimal attitude control
Authors: Jajarmi Amin , Pariz Naser , Effati Sohrab , Kamyad Ali Vahidian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a novel extended modal series method for solving the infinite horizon optimal control problem of nonlinear interconnected large‐scale dynamic systems. In this method, the infinite horizon nonlinear large‐scale two‐point boundary value problem (TPBVP), derived from Pontryagin's maximum principle, is transformed into a sequence of linear time‐invariant TPBVPs. Solving the latter problems in a recursive manner provides the optimal control law and the optimal trajectory in the form of a uniformly convergent series. Moreover, in special cases, the proposed procedure facilitates the application of parallel processing, which improves its computational efficiency. In this study, an iterative algorithm is also presented, which has a low computational complexity and a fast convergence rate. Just a few iterations are required to obtain a suboptimal trajectory‐control pair. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by solving the optimal attitude control problem.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
ChemInform Abstract: Pressure‐Induced Development of Bonding in NiAs Type Compounds and Polymorphism of NiP.
Authors: Dera Przemyslaw , Lazarz John D. , Lavina Barbara 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNiP exhibits a reversible, displacive, pressure‐induced structural phase transition at about 3,5 GPa as revealed by in situ synchrotron single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: The Binary Tin‐Rich Lanthanum Stannides La2Sn5 and La3Sn7 — A Structural and Bond Theoretical Study.
Authors: Duerr Ines , Schwarz Michael , Roehr Caroline 
Published: October 2011

AbstractLaSn3, La2Sn3, and La3Sn7 are synthesized from melts of the elements by slow cooling or arc melting and quenching, and their crystal structures are determined by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Equilibria and Crystal Structure of the Complex Oxides in the Ln—Ba—Co—O (Ln: Nd, Sm) Systems.
Authors: Gavrilova L. Ya. , Aksenova T. V. , Volkova N. E. , Podzorova A. S. , Cherepanov V. A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPhase equilibria in the title systems at 1100 °C in air and the crystal structure of intermediate phases are investigated by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Superconductive Characteristics of New Oxynitrides (Nb1‐xMx)(N1‐yOy) where (M: Mg, Si) and (x ≈ y).
Authors: Ohashi Yoshio , Motohashi Teruki , Masubuchi Yuji , Moriga Toshihiro , Murai Keiichiro , Kikkawa Shinichi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe new niobium oxynitrides (Nb0.95Mg0.05)(N0.92O0.08) (I) and (Nb0.87Si0.09□0.04) (N0.87O0.13) (II) are prepared at 1000 °C by ammonia nitridation of oxide precursors obtained via the citrate route, followed by annealing in 0.5 MPa N2 at 1500 °C for (I) and 1200 °C for (II).
ChemInform Abstract: PAs3S3 Cage as a New Building Block in Copper Halide Coordination Polymers.
Authors: Schwarz Patrick , Wachter Joachim , Zabel Manfred 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCoordination polymers from (III) and copper halides are obtained by interdiffusion techniques between solvents of different polarity and characterized by Raman spectroscopy and single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Green Synthesis of Cuprous Oxide Crystals with Truncated Octahedra Shapes via a High Pressure Flux Approach.
Authors: Li Benxian , Wang Xiaofeng , Xia Dandan , Chu Qingxin , Liu Xiaoyang , Lu Fengguo , Zhao Xudong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractCu2O truncated octahedral crystals exposing the active basal (110) facets are synthesized from a mixture of CuO and Cu using NaOH/KOH (1:1) as a flux (autoclave, 0.2 GPa, 300—600 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetracyclic Indolines via Gold‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization Reactions.
Authors: Cera Gianpiero , Crispino Pasquale , Monari Magda , Bandini Marco 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAn unprecedented atom/step economic synthesis of the title compounds (II) and (IV) is presented with a high level of chemo‐, regio‐, and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Fine Modification of Salen Ligands — Effects on the Salen—Ti‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Lv Chengwei , Cheng Qigan , Xu Daqian , Wang Shoufeng , Xia Chungu , Sun Wei 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBoth enantiomers of nitriles (III) can be prepared by modifying the salen‐titanium catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefination Reactions Using Tetraarylphosphonium (TAP)‐Supported Phosphorus Ylides.
Authors: Lebel Helene , Davi Michael , Roy Marie‐Noelle , Zeghida Walid , Charette Andre B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe synthesis and application of salt (III) and the corresponding phosphorus ylide (VII) in the Wittig reaction is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: A Masked‐Alkene Metathesis‐Based Synthesis of Isopulo′upone.
Authors: Carter Kyle P. , Moser Daniel J. , Storvick Jennifer M. , O'Neil Gregory W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMasked triene substrates undergo Ru‐catalyzed cross‐metathesis according to A) to afford trienes after reductive elimination according to B).
ChemInform Abstract: Ir‐Catalyzed Formation of C—F Bonds. From Allylic Alcohols to α‐Fluoroketones.
Authors: Ahlsten Nanna , Martin‐Matute Belen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA novel Ir‐catalyzed tandem isomerization/C‐F bond formation furnishing α‐fluororinated ketones as single constitutional isomers is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐6‐dialkylamino‐4‐hydroxypentanamide Derivatives for Renin Inhibitors.
Authors: Nakamura Yuji , Ogawa Yasuyuki , Suzuki Chie , Fujimoto Teppei , Miyazaki Shojiro , Tamaki Takahide , Suemune Hiroshi 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe Shi asymmetric epoxidation, cf.