bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An open‐source inversion algorithm for the Munsell renotation
Authors: Centore Paul 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe 1943 Munsell renotation includes a table that converts 2734 Munsell specifications into xyY coordinates, along with a graphical interpolation method and a graphical inversion method, that converts xyY coordinates back into Munsell specifications. This article presents open‐source computer code, running in Matlab or Octave, that both interpolates and inverts the Munsell renotation automatically. The steps in both algorithms are described in detail. Like previous inversion algorithms, it relies on interpolations between entries in the 1943 table. For colours near the MacAdam limits, the inversion also requires extrapolations beyond the 1943 entries. The outputs of the current implementation do not differ significantly from the outputs of other inversion algorithms. The main distinguishing feature of the current algorithm is that both the algorithm and code implementation are publicly available. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011;
Aerosol‐Assisted CVD of SnO2 Thin Films for Gas‐Sensor Applications
Authors: Stoycheva Toni T. , Vallejos Stella , Pavelko Roman G. , Popov Viktor S. , Sevastyanov Vladimir G. , Correig Xavier 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this article is a report of SnO2 deposition by aerosol‐assisted (AA)CVD from tin complexes, [Sn(18‐Cr‐6)Cl4] and [Sn(H2O)2Cl4](18‐Cr‐6). The structure and properties of the precursors, used to synthesize SnO2 layers by AACVD for the first time, are characterized with the help of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Each complex is deposited by AACVD at 250, 400, and 500 °C in a flow of N2. The resulting films are studied by XRD and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Gas‐sensing properties of the deposited layers are tested to 10 ppm NO2 in air. The maximum sensor response to the analyte is measured at 300 °C.
Alteration of CD8+ T cell effector diversity during HIV‐1 infection with discordant normalization in effective antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Onlamoon Nattawat , Sukapirom Kasama , Polsrila Korakot , Ammaranond Palanee , Pattanapanyasat Kovit 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:Although the impairment of HIV‐specific T lymphocytes is evident during chronic HIV‐infection, it is unclear whether the increased CD8+ T cells associates with either selective or overall change of effector functional phenotype. Instead of study on HIV‐specific T cells only, analyzing bulk T cell populations represent a neglected area of T cell impairment, which go far beyond HIV‐specific T cells.Methods:In this study, we determined the diversity of CD8+ T cells in term of cytolytic molecule expression (perforin, granzyme A, and granzyme B) and cytokine production ability (IFN‐gamma, TNF‐alpha, and IL‐2) using intracellular staining and flow cytometry technique. The results were compared between healthy individuals, untreated, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) treated HIV infected patients.Results:We demonstrated the presence of four different subsets of CD8+ T cells that expressed different combinations of cytolytic molecules. We also identified seven different subsets of cytokine producing cells based on different combination of IFN‐gamma, TNF‐alpha, and IL‐2. Results showed significant alterations of these cell subsets that expressed different combination of cytolytic effector molecules or cytokines in HIV infected patients. Furthermore, cytolytic molecule expressing cell subsets are not normalized in effective ART treated patients, whereas the selective population of cytokine producing cells returned to normal value.Conclusions:The effector diversity of CD8+ T cells changed in HIV infected patients. Although effective ART altered functional diversity of these cells, long‐term suppression of viral replication may be required to normalize the selected CD8+ T cell effector phenotype in HIV infected patients. © 2011 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Occurrence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment in the older Chinese population: a 3‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Hai Shan , Dong Birong , Liu Yixin , Zou Yupei 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveTo investigate the occurrence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the conversion rates to dementia in Chinese people over 80 years of age.MethodsTwo hundred and two participants (>80 years old) without dementia were assessed clinically using neuropsychological tests; they were re‐assessed at 1, 2, and 3 years.ResultsThe results revealed that 30.2% of the study population was classified as having MCI at baseline. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that coronary heart disease, hypertension, and stroke were risk factors of MCI. During the 3 years follow‐up, the occurrence of MCI increased, and 21.8% of the participants with MCI progressed to dementia.ConclusionsThese results suggest that in the older elderly, prevention and early treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases may be effective in lowering the risk of MCI. MCI is a high risk factor for dementia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intake of dietary fiber, especially from cereal foods, is associated with lower incidence of colon cancer in the HELGA cohort
Authors: Hansen Louise , Skeie Guri , Landberg Rikard , Lund Eiliv , Palmqvist Richard , Johansson Ingegerd , Dragsted Lars O. , Egeberg Rikke , Johnsen Nina F. , Christensen Jane , Overvad Kim , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe role of dietary fiber on the risk of colon and rectal cancer has been investigated in numerous studies, but findings have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between intake of dietary fiber and risk of incident colon (including distal and proximal colon) and rectal cancer in the prospective Scandinavian HELGA cohort and to determine if fiber source (vegetables, fruits, potatoes, cereals) impacted the association. We included 1,168 incident cases (691 colon, 477 rectal cancer), diagnosed during a median of 11.3 years, among 108,081 cohort members. Sex‐specific incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of colon and rectal cancer were related to intake of total or specific fiber source using Cox proportional hazards models. For men, an inverse association was observed between intake of total fiber and the risk of colon cancer per an incremental increase of 10 g day−1, IRR (95% CI): 0.74 (0.64–0.86). Intake of cereal fiber per 2 g day−1 was associated with an IRR of 0.94 (0.91–0.98), which was also seen for intake of cereal fiber from foods with high fiber content (≥5 g per 100 g product), where the IRR per 2 g day−1 was 0.94 (0.90–0.98). In women, intake of cereal fiber per 2 g day−1 was also associated with lower risk of colon cancer, 0.97 (0.93–1.00). No clear associations were seen for rectal cancer. Our data indicate a protective role of total and cereal fiber intake, particularly from cereal foods with high fiber content, in the prevention of colon cancer.
Dietary acrylamide and risk of prostate cancer
Authors: Wilson Kathryn M. , Giovannucci Edward , Stampfer Meir J. , Mucci Lorelei A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAcrylamide has been designated by IARC as a “probable human carcinogen.” High levels are formed during cooking of many commonly consumed foods including French fries, potato chips, breakfast cereal and coffee. Two prospective cohort studies and two case–control studies in Europe found no association between acrylamide intake and prostate cancer. We examined this association in a large prospective cohort of 47,896 US men in the Health Professionals' Follow‐up Study, using updated dietary acrylamide intake from food frequency questionnaires in 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998 and 2002. From 1986 through 2006, we documented 5025 cases of prostate cancer, and 642 lethal cancers. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between acrylamide intake from diet and prostate cancer risk overall as well as risk of advanced or lethal cancer. Acrylamide intake ranged from a mean of 10.5 mcg/day in the lowest quintile to 40.1 mcg/day in the highest quintile; coffee and potato products were largest contributors to intake. The multivariate‐adjusted relative risk of prostate cancer was 1.02 (95% confidence interval: 0.92–1.13) for the highest versus lowest quintile of acrylamide intake (p‐value for trend = 0.90). Results were similar when restricted to never smokers and to men who had prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) tests. There was no significant association for dietary acrylamide and risk of lethal, advanced or high‐grade disease, or for different latency periods ranging from 0–4 years to 12–16 years. We found no evidence that acrylamide intake, within the range of US diets, is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer.
Longitudinal Differences of Phytoplankton Community during a Period of Small Water Level Fluctuations in a Subtropical Reservoir Bay (Xiangxi Bay, Three Gorges Reservoir, China)
Authors: Wang Lan , Cai Qing‐hua , Tan Lu , Kong Ling‐Hui 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) had a great inflow discharge with small water level fluctuations in the flood season of the year 2008, when a large‐scale cyanobacterial bloom broke out in Xiangxi Bay (a tributary bay behaving like a lake) for the first time after the construction of the TGR impoundment. To compare spatiotemporal longitudinal differences of phytoplankton community structure during this period, weekly surveys were performed in Xiangxi Bay. The cyanobacterial bloom lasted from June 6 to July 18, 2008, with Microcystis aeruginosa as the dominant species. During this bloom the species diversity, evenness and community change rate was relatively low. The probable causes for the interruption of the bloom were precipitation and water temperature. In the non‐cyanobacterial bloom period (July 25 to September 26, 2008) many other species dominated the community including Stephanodiscus hantzschii and Cryptomonas ovata, with higher values of species diversity, evenness and community change rate. As for the longitudinal differences, the community structure in the riverine zone was different from that in other zones, indicating the important effect of inflow from the upstream of Xiangxi Bay. The management actions in Xiangxi Bay should prevent blooms in the mainstream, lacustrine and transitional zone. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons within airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) produced DNA bulky stable adducts in a human lung cell coculture model
Authors: Abbas Imane , Garçon Guillaume , Saint‐Georges Françoise , Andre Véronique , Gosset Pierre , Billet Sylvain , Goff Jérémie Le , Verdin Anthony , Mulliez Philippe , Sichel François , Shirali Pirouz 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTTo extend current knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of air pollution particulate matter (PM2.5)‐induced human lung toxicity, the metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) within PM2.5 and PAH–DNA bulky stable adduct patterns in human alveolar macrophage (AM) and/or human lung epithelial L132 cells in mono‐ and cocultures were studied. In the coculture system, only human AM were exposed to air pollution PM2.5, unlike L132 cells. Particles, inorganic fraction and positive controls [i.e. TiO2, thermally desorbed PM (dPM) and benzo[a]pyrene, B[a]P, respectively] were included in the experimental design. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 gene expression, CYP1A1 catalytic activity and PAH–DNA bulky stable adducts were studied after 24, 48 and/or 72 h. Relatively low doses of PAH within PM2.5 induced CYP1A1 gene expression and CYP1A1 catalytic activity in human AM and, thereafter, PAH–DNA bulky stable adduct formation. Adduct spots in PM2.5‐exposed human AM were higher than those in dPM‐exposed ones, thereby showing the incomplete removal of PAH by thermal desorption. PAH within air pollution PM2.5 induced CYP1A1 gene expression but not CYP1A1 catalytic activity in L132 cells. However, despite the absence of PAH–DNA bulky stable adduct in L132 cells from human AM/L132 cell cocultures exposed to dPM2.5 or PM2.5, reliable quantifiable PAH–DNA bulky stable adducts were observed in L132 cells from human AM/L132 cell coculture exposed to B[a]P. Taken together, these results support the exertion of genotoxicity of highly reactive B[a]P‐derived metabolites produced within human AM not only in primary target human AM, but also in secondary target L132 cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulated increases in body fat and errors in bone mineral density measurements by DXA and QCT
Authors: Yu Elaine W , Thomas Bijoy J , Brown J Keenan , Finkelstein Joel S 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Major alterations in body composition, such as with obesity and weight loss, have complex effects on the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The effects of altered body fat on quantitative computed tomography (QCT) measurements are unknown. We scanned a spine phantom by DXA and QCT before and after surrounding with sequential fat layers (up to 12 kg). In addition, we measured lumbar spine and proximal femur BMD by DXA and trabecular spine BMD by QCT in 13 adult volunteers before and after a simulated 7.5 kg increase in body fat. With the spine phantom, DXA BMD increased linearly with sequential fat layering at the normal (p &lt; 0.01) and osteopenic (p &lt; 0.01) levels, but QCT BMD did not change significantly. In humans, fat layering significantly reduced DXA spine BMD values (mean ± SD: −2.2 ± 3.7%, p = 0.05) and increased the variability of measurements. In contrast, fat layering increased QCT spine BMD in humans (mean ± SD: 1.5 ± 2.5%, p = 0.05). Fat layering did not change mean DXA BMD of the femoral neck or total hip in humans significantly, but measurements became less precise. Associations between baseline and fat-simulation scans were stronger for QCT of the spine (r2 = 0.97) than for DXA of the spine (r2 = 0.87), total hip (r2 = 0.80), or femoral neck (r2 = 0.75). Bland-Altman plots revealed that fat-associated errors were greater for DXA spine and hip BMD than for QCT trabecular spine BMD. Fat layering introduces error and decreases the reproducibility of DXA spine and hip BMD measurements in human volunteers. Although overlying fat also affects QCT BMD measurements, the error is smaller and more uniform than with DXA BMD. Caution must be used when interpreting BMD changes in humans whose body composition is changing. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Neurologic indications for therapeutic plasma exchange: An update
Authors: Gwathmey Kelly , Balogun Rasheed A. , Burns Ted 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNeurologists commonly use therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE, also known as plasmapheresis or therapeutic apheresis) to treat a number of conditions. This concise review examines the most common neurologic indications for therapeutic plasma exchange. It focuses on Guillain‐Barrè syndrome and myasthenia gravis and also the role of TPE in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Lambert–Eaton syndrome, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, paraproteinemic polyneuropathy, and Sydenham's chorea. As with any treatment, the proven efficacy, cost, side effects, and availability must be considered before initiation of therapy. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study on the Electrochemical Behavior of the Anticancer Herbal Drug Berberine and Its Analytical Application
Authors: Wang Fei , Gao Yumei , Gao Lin , Xing Tianlai 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of anticancer herbal drug berberine was investigated in 0.2 mol L‐1 HAc‐NaAc (pH 4.2) buffer solution at a glassy carbon electrode. The drug yields a single well‐defined reduction peak at the potential of ‐1.085 V at the scan rate of 0.05 V s‐1 and the electrode reaction is an irreversible adsorption‐controlled process as the result of cyclic voltammetry. All experimental conditions were studied in order to obtain the optimum conditions for the determination of berberine. A good linear relationship was observed between the reductive peak currents and the concentrations of berberine in the range from 1.0 × 10‐6 to 8.0 × 10‐5 mol L‐1. The detection limit of 8.0 × 10‐7 mol L‐1 was obtained in terms of the signal to noise ratio of 3:1 (S/N = 3). The proposed technique was applied to determine the content of berberine in tablets with good satisfactory. In addition, the electrode process dynamics parameters were calculated.
Evaluating the performance of a hospitalist system in Taiwan: A pioneer study for nationwide health insurance in Asia
Authors: Shu Chin‐Chung , Lin Jou‐Wei , Lin Yu‐Feng , Hsu Nin‐Chieh , Ko Wen‐Je 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The national health insurance (NHI) in Taiwan covers almost the entire population and controls medical costs. However, there is increasing patient admission and shortage of inpatient care staff. The hospitalist system may be a solution.OBJECTIVE:To study the efficiency of the hospitalist system under the NHI in Taiwan.DESIGN:Prospective observational study.METHODS:Under the NHI, a hospitalist‐run ward (HW) was set‐up in a medical referral center for patients admitted from the emergency department. The cohort was observed and compared to the internist‐run wards (IWs) in terms of performance.RESULTS:From November 2009 to January 2010, 377 patients admitted to the HW and 433 to the IWs were enrolled. Patients in the HW were older and had poorer functional status and more underlying comorbidities. The HW group also had lower admission costs and shorter lengths of hospital stay (LOS) than the IW group. Due to different demographics, propensity analysis was performed on 101 matched pairs of patients, which showed significantly lower cost and shorter LOS in HW patients despite similar mortality and readmission rates.CONCLUSIONS:The hospitalist system has higher efficiency than the internist‐run general wards under the NHI system in terms of costs and length of hospitalization. It may serve as an alternative model to address rising admissions and staff shortages. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus strains circulating in Belgian patients co‐infected with HIV and HBV: Overt and occult infection
Authors: Pourkarim Mahmoud Reza , Lemey Philippe , Amini‐Bavil‐Olyaee Samad , Houspie Lieselot , Verbeeck Jannick , Rahman Mustafizur , Maes Piet , Vanwijngaerden Eric , Nevens Frederik , Van Ranst Marc 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have similar transmission routes, implying that patients infected with HIV are at particular risk for HBV infection. Patients who are co‐infected with HIV and HBV progress more rapidly to end‐stage liver disease and different HBV genotypes may have a distinct impact on disease progression. One hundred ninety‐one anti‐HBc‐positive sera from Belgian patients co‐infected with HIV and HBV were collected during 1998–2008. Full‐length HBV genomes as well as large S or partial S genes were amplified and their molecular evolutionary history was analyzed. Clinically, 30 (65.8%) patients were categorized as “overt infection” and 16 (34.7%) cases were categorized as “occult infection.” Five distinct HBV genotypes comprising A (69.6%), E (19.6%), followed by D, C, and G were detected. HBV genotype A was observed in all clinical groups and in patients with varying ethnical background. HBV genotype E could be detected in African patients who were mostly infected by heterosexual contacts. Several clinically important mutations at the HBs major hydrophilic region were detected in the new isolates but with no significant difference between occult and overt infection. The high prevalence of HBV genotype A in overt and occult cases, and in particular the detection of certain HBV subgenotypes in patients co‐infected with HIV and HBV that carry diagnostic escape mutations, may provide useful information for national guidelines for prophylaxis and treatment. J. Med. Virol. 83:1876–1884, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunological insights into the pathogenesis of active CMV infection in non‐immunosuppressed critically ill patients
Authors: Blanquer José , Chilet Marifina , Benet Isabel , Aguilar Gerardo , Muñoz‐Cobo Beatriz , Tellez Alexander , Costa Elisa , Bravo Dayana , Navarro David 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDissociation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA loads between the lower respiratory tract and blood, with high levels in the former compartment and low or undetectable levels in the latter, commonly occurs during active CMV infection in critically ill patients despite the presence of high frequencies of CMV‐specific IFN‐γ‐producing CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in blood. Data presented in this case report suggest that inter‐compartmental differences in interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) levels may, in part, explain the pathobiology of this phenomenon. In the absence of ganciclovir treatment, a significant correlation was observed between IL‐10 levels and CMV DNA loads in lower respiratory tract specimens (P = 0.016), but not in plasma samples (P = 0.46). Comparable data were obtained during the course of active CMV infection episodes that developed in six CMV‐seropositive critically ill patients with no canonical immunosuppression. The presence of higher levels of IL‐10 in the lower respiratory tract than in plasma may result in increased impairment of CMV‐specific T‐cell effector responses in the lung compared to the systemic compartment, facilitating local CMV replication. J. Med. Virol. 83:1966–1971, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation and genotyping of rubella virus from a case of congenital infection in Brazil
Authors: Andrade J.Q. , Figueiredo C.A. , Oliveira M.I. , Carvalho M.H.B. , Schultz R. , Zugaib M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe incidence of CRS and CRI has decreased markedly worldwide with the implementation of efficient vaccination programs. We report a congenital rubella case with fetal death occurred at 29th week of gestation. RV was confirmed in placenta. The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the RVs/SaoPaulo01.‐ BRA/08.CRI belongs to the genotype 2B of RV. J. Med. Virol. 83:2048–2050, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.