Total antioxidant status as biomarker in the control of oxidative stress and prevention of early atherogenic immunogenic mechanisms in young people
Authors: Bezna M C , Danoiu S , Donoiu I , Istratoaie O , Bezna M , Toader D M , Pisoschi C , Mustafa E R , Hadareanu D R , Negroiu C E , Melinte P R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Prevention methods of atherogenic mechanisms are important for the reduction of cardiovascular complications, at any age, and mostly in young people, for the valuable early prevention of endothelial atherosclerotic lesions.

Purpose
Evaluation of total antioxidant status (TAS) activity, regardless of lipidemic status and its correlation with increased oxidative stress, favoring lipid oxidation (oxLDL - oxidized low-density lipoproteins), with the occurence of oxidized low-density lipoproteins antibodies (antioxLDL antibodies), with important role in triggering early atherogenic endothelial dysfunction, increasing implicitly the subsequent cardiovascular risk.

Patients and methods
The study was conducted on 80 young subjects, aged between 18-40 years, divided into 3 groups, of both sexes, who presented arrhythmic, non-structural, functional dysrhythmias and a control group, healthy volunteers. Complex clinical and imaging tests were performed to all subjects. Patients with cardiac arrhythmias were subdivided into 2 groups, according to the presence or absence of dyslipidemia. TAS was determined, as an oxidative stress biomarker, for the assessment of oxidative status and lipid oxidative risk, in serum, using the ABTS (2-azino-di-3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate) colorimetric method. At the same time, oxLDL and anti-oxLDL antibodies were determined, through the immunoenzymatic ELISA method, in order to assess the immunogenic effect, in the context of increased oxidations (TAS being decreased).

Results
TAS was reduced up to 52.34% in young patients with cardiac functional arrhythmias and dyslipidemia - group I and up to 54.11% in those with dysrhythmias, without dyslipidemia - group II, compared to the control group (100% ) – group III. Regardless of the presence or absence of dyslipidemia, a decreased TAS activity up to a half was associated with an increase in the oxidative process, highlighted by higher values of oxidized LDL (177% in the group with dyslipidemia and 140% in those without dyslipidemia). Anti-oxLDL antibodies were also increased at 156% in group I and at 124% in group II, compared with controls.

Conclusions
1. Determination of TAS in young people represents a useful biomarker for highlighting oxidative stress and the risk of early atherogenic lesions onset.
2. TAS decrease, meaning a low antioxidant - protective activity, in young people is also associated with an increased level of oxidized LDL and the development of anti-oxLDL antibodies, as well as with the pathophysiological initiation of atherogenic mechanisms.
3. Early correction of imbalanced TAS, in primary prevention, in young people, with antioxidants (dietary, medicinal or behavioral), has an important role in preventing the onset of oxidative lipid degradation, triggering cardiovascular atherosclerotic immunogenicity and cardiac rhythm disorders.