bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fast determination of yohimbine in pharmaceuticals by micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Vítková Kateřina , Pechová Markéta , Petr Jan , Znaleziona Joanna , Ranc Václav , Maier Vítězslav , Ševčík Juraj 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A method for the fast determination of yohimbine, a potent adrenoreceptor antagonist used for the treatment of sexual dysfunctions, is proposed in this article. MEKC under basic and acidic conditions (sodium borate, pH 9.5 and sodium phosphate, pH 2.5) with SDS was developed. The effect of the experimental parameters, e.g. pH, SDS concentration and injection time, on yohimbine migration was also studied. Both methods were validated in terms of linearity, limits of detection and quantification, accuracy, and precision using caffeine as an internal standard. The application for the determination of yohimbine in hand-made medicaments is also investigated in this study.
Simultaneous displacement of a nitro group during coupling of diazotized o-nitroaniline with phenols
Authors: Farkas Renata , Törincsi Mercedesz , Kolonits Pal , Fekete Jenö , Alonso Oscar , Novak Lajos 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
During the diazo-coupling reaction, nucleophilic displacement of a nitro group was also observed. This was the main reaction (1→7) when the starting amine bore either a chlorine or methoxy group at the para position (1b–c). The newly prepared compounds (7) might serve as convenient building blocks in synthesis of some heterocycles.
An overview on the application of ultrasound in extraction, separation and purification of plant polysaccharides
Authors: Ebringerová Anna , Hromádková Zdenka 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
In view of the recent emphasis on non-conventional chemistry, application of ultrasound in isolation of plant polysaccharides represents a viable alternative to traditional extraction processes. This review presents an extensive literature survey of ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from different plant materials, particularly herbal plants and secondary agricultural plant sources. Targeted, multistep methods were applied with respect to differences in the types of polysaccharides and their location in plant cell walls. The effectiveness of the methods was evaluated according to yield and properties of the isolated polysaccharides in comparison to classical extraction methods. Substantial shortening of extraction time, reduction of reagent consumption and/or extraction temperature are the most important advantages of the ultrasonic treatment. In combination with sequential extraction steps using different solvents, sonication was shown to be effective in separation and/or purification of polysaccharides. The disadvantages of the sonication treatment, such as degradation and compositional changes of the polysaccharide preparations are discussed as well.
Analysis of possible shipbuilding application of friction stir welding (FSW) method to joining elements made of AlZn5Mg1 alloy
Authors: Dudzik Krzysztof , Czechowski Mirosław 
Published: March 2010

Analysis of possible shipbuilding application of friction stir welding (FSW) method to joining elements made of AlZn5Mg1 alloy
In industrial practice the welding of Al- alloys is usually performed under pure argon shielding by means of MIG or TIG methods. In recent years new joining techniques such as friction stir welding (FSW) have appeared. Joints of EN AW-7020 T6 alloy elements welded by using FSW method have been tested. Results of static tensile tests, transverse bending tests as well as tests on stress corrosion susceptibility are presented. Parameters of friction welding (FSW) applied to joints of plates made of AlZn5Mg1[7020] alloy are given. Stress corrosion tests have been performed by using slow-strain-rate testing method (SSRT) in compliance with PN-EN ISO 7539-7 standard. The tests were conducted in air and 3.5% NaCl water solution. The following parameters have been measured during the tests: time to failure - T [h], maximum failure load - F [N], fracture energy (area under stress-elongation curve) - E [MJ/m3], relative elongation of specimen - A10 [%], maximum tensile stress - R [MPa], as well as percentage reduction of area - Z [%]. On the basis of the obtained test results it was concluded that the joints welded by means of FSW method show good resistance to stress corrosion at satsifactory strength properties, which indicates that application of friction welding by using FSW method in shipbuilding industry is purposeful.
On the adaptation of CAN BUS network for use in the ship electronic systems
Authors: Piętak Andrzej , Mikulski Maciej 
Published: March 2010

On the adaptation of CAN BUS network for use in the ship electronic systems
This paper presents an analysis of application of the CAN - based marine electronics standard NMEA 2000, recently developed one, on board sea-going vessels, especially in the context of small, recreational, sailing and motor craft. The idea and development of the system has been briefly presented. The properties of the CAN network has been described and the use of its functions by the NMEA system, discussed. The discussion has been performed for all layers of the communication protocol, according to the Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model worked out by ISO. All the features have been summarized and analyzed in the context of their possible use in various shipboard systems.
Disentangling Privacy and Intimacy: Intimate Citizenship, Private Boundaries and Public Transgressions
Authors: Reynolds Paul 
Published: March 2010

Disentangling Privacy and Intimacy: Intimate Citizenship, Private Boundaries and Public Transgressions
Recent theorisations of transformations of intimacy—like Ken Plummer's (2003) Intimate Citizenship project—concentrate on social and cultural transformations that erode the containment of intimacy within the private sphere. They have less to say about the character of and oppositions to that erosion, and specifically how far the idea of the private stands in opposition to intimacy transgressing into the public. In this essay, the private is explored through its constitutive features—liberal codifications of rights, liberty and property, medico-moral discourses and conservative values and legal and political regulation—to give a more political and critical reading. This reading suggests that an explicit disentangling of the private and the intimate is necessary if tendencies toward public and emancipated intimacies are to become meaningful transformations, and this involves a dissembling of and critical engagement with the powerful historically entrenched idea of privacy in western societies.
Intimacy, Admirability, and Virtue: An Examination of Michael Slote's View
Authors: Talukder Munir 
Published: March 2010

Intimacy, Admirability, and Virtue: An Examination of Michael Slote's View
Virtues, according to Michael Slote, are our inner traits or dispositions. Slote defends "balanced caring" as an admirable character trait. He believes that caring more for intimates than others is admirable. A virtuous person attains balanced caring between intimates and others. This account of virtue conceived "balanced caring" as "fundamentally admirable" and it is the basic virtue. All other virtues, such as honesty, kindness, generosity, truthfulness, and so forth, are "derivatively admirable". This paper examines Slote's view and argues that Slote should explore the opposite situation because his idea of "balanced caring" and "admirability" is so vague and misleading. In contrast to his ideas, a reverse formulation that is caring for others more than for intimates seems plausible.
Preliminary criteria for ecological status assessment index for dam reservoirs on the basis of the ichthyofauna assemblages
Authors: Wiśniewolski Wiesław , Prus Paweł 
Published: March 2010

Preliminary criteria for ecological status assessment index for dam reservoirs on the basis of the ichthyofauna assemblages
Basing on geographical, physical and hydrological criteria, 24 types of dam reservoirs can be distinguished in Poland. The system of ecological potential assessment is based on the index of biotic integrity (IBI), taking into account its modifications for Polish rivers. An example of a table with assessment criteria values is given for large, lowland, lotic reservoirs. In order to use the proposed assessment system it is necessary to elaborate such tables for all 24 types of reservoirs and than to test it on a sample of reservoirs of each type. It is worth of notice, that to obtain appropriate data on ichthyofauna of dam reservoirs for assessment of their ecological potential, it is necessary to use combined methods of data collection (electrofishing, commercial and experimental net catches) in a planned monitoring system.
Land availability analysis and social attitude aspects in relation to implementation and development of short' rotation forestry systems in Poland
Authors: Wróbel Anna , Mosiej Józef , Weih Martin 
Published: March 2010

Land availability analysis and social attitude aspects in relation to implementation and development of short' rotation forestry systems in Poland
After observations of European development of renewable sources, and according to protocols and directives, set by both European and Polish policy makers, there is a need to find methods to support the future development of Short Rotation Forestry (SRF) using fast-growing trees on agricultural land, and to overcome potential problems. In this paper society attitudes towards future developing options for SRF energy plantations in Poland were investigated. In the investigation, two kinds of questionnaires were presented to various representatives of branches that have a potential interest in the subject. Individual representatives for the groups of industrial and municipal representatives, farmers, researchers and academic teachers, etc. were pooled. The results showed that main difficulties may arise from farmer attitudes towards nontraditional crops. This group of people showed great suspiciousness towards new crops, an attitude, which might be explained in part by the fact that the average level of knowledge concerning SRF energy plantations was low. Another factor that may strongly influence the introduction of SRF plantation is the land availability and suitability. Concerning the relatively large arable lands in Poland in comparison to other European countries the land availability potential has been investigated. On the base of two factors projecting the mentioned aspects of land, the analysis has been performed to figure out regions in Poland with the highest short rotation forestry potential.
The effectiveness of adapted, best practice guidelines for smoking cessation counseling with disadvantaged, pregnant smokers attending public sector antenatal clinics in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: EVERETT‐MURPHY KATHERINE , STEYN KRISELA , MATHEWS CATHERINE , PETERSEN ZAINO , ODENDAAL HEIN , GWEBUSHE NOMONDE , LOMBARD CARL 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim and objectives. To evaluate the effect of a smoking cessation intervention, based on best practice guidelines on the quit rates of disadvantaged, pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa. Design. Quasi‐experimental using a natural history cohort as a control group, consisting of women attending antenatal care in 2006 and an intervention cohort, attending the same clinics a year later. Setting. Four, public sector antenatal clinics in Cape Town staffed and managed by midwives. Population. Pregnant women of low socio‐economic status. Methods. The natural history cohort received usual care, whilst the intervention cohort was offered self‐help quit materials in the context of brief counseling by midwives and peer counselors. Smoking behavior was measured in early, mid and late pregnancy. The equivalence of the groups in terms of smoking profile, self‐reported smoking and demographic variables was assessed at baseline. Main outcome measures. Quit rates measured by urinary cotinine towards the end of pregnancy (36–39 weeks gestation). Results. The two cohorts were comparable at baseline. The difference in quit rates between the two cohorts in late pregnancy was 5.3% (95% CI: 3.2–7.4%, p < 0.0001) in an intention to treat analysis. There was also a significant difference in reduction of smoking of 11.8% (95% CI: 5.0–18.4%, p = 0.0006). Conclusion. A smoking cessation intervention based on best practice guidelines was effective among high risk, pregnant smokers in South Africa.
The Kessler PSychological Distress Scale in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey
Authors: Oakley Browne Mark A. , Wells J. Elisabeth , Scott Kate M. , McGee Magnus A. ,   for the New Zealand Mental Health Survey Research Team
Published: March 2010

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare two versions of the Kessler 10-item scale (K10), as measures of population mental health status in New Zealand. Method: A nationwide household survey of residents aged ≥16 years was carried out between 2003 and 2004. The World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) was used to obtain DSM-IV diagnoses. Serious mental illness (SMI) was defined as for the World Mental Health Surveys Initiative and the USA National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Participants were randomly assigned to receive the ‘past month’ K10 or the ‘worst month in the past 12 months’ K10. There were 12 992 completed interviews; 7435 included the K10. The overall response rate was 73.3%. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to examine the ability of both K10 versions to discriminate between CIDI 3.0 cases and non-cases, and to predict SMI. Results: Scores on both versions of the K10 were higher for female subjects, younger people, people with fewer educational qualifications, people with lower household income and people resident in more socioeconomically deprived areas. Both versions of the K10 were effective in discriminating between CIDI 3.0 cases and non-cases for anxiety disorder, mood disorders and any study disorder. The worst month in the past 12 months K10 is a more effective predictor than the past 1 month K10 of SMI (area under the curve: 0.89 vs 0.80). Conclusions: Either version of the K10 could be used in repeated health surveys to monitor the mental health status of the New Zealand population and to derive proxy prevalence estimates for SMI. The worst month in the past 12 months K10 may be the preferred version in such surveys, because it is a better predictor of SMI than the past month K10 and also has a more logical relationship to 12 month disorder and 12 month service use.
Comparison of the Prevalence of Mental Health Problems in Deaf and Hearing Children and Adolescents in Australia
Authors: Remine Maria D. , Brown P. Margaret 
Published: March 2010

Objective: The aims of the present study were to (i) identify the prevalence rate and nature of mental health problems in a group of Australian deaf children and adolescents and compare these to those reported for the Australian hearing population; and (ii) identify specific demographic characteristics that may typify deaf children and adolescents with mental health problems. Method: Sixty-six parents of deaf children and adolescents aged 6–18 years, their teachers and 38 adolescents participated in the study. Data related to mental health problems were collected using the Child Behaviour Checklist and Youth Self-Report. Data related to demographic characteristics were obtained via parent and teacher surveys. Results: The overall prevalence rate of mental health problems reported by parents and adolescents in the present study is comparable to that of the Australian hearing population. Parents in the present study, however, reported significantly more concerns on the social problem and thought problem scales than did Australian parents of hearing children and adolescents. There were also significant differences between the prevalence and nature of mental health problems as reported by the deaf adolescents in the present study when compared to deaf adolescents in another Australian study. These differences appear to be explained by differences in the preferred communication mode of the participants in the two studies. Conclusions: The known heterogeneity within the Australian deaf child and adolescent population with respect to preferred mode of communication has important implications not only for the appropriate selection and use of psychiatric instruments in assessing child and adolescent mental health but also for the accurate reporting of the prevalence and nature of mental health problems within this population.
Executive Functions and Memory Abilities in Children With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Campbell Linda E. , Azuma Rayna , Ambery Fiona , Stevens Angela , Smith Anna , Morris Robin G. , Murphy Declan G.M. , Murphy Kieran C. 
Published: March 2010

Objective: Velo-cardio-facial syndrome or 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is the most common known microdeletion syndrome. One of the genes in the deleted region is the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, which is thought to have significant effects on cognition through its influence on dopamine metabolism. The aim of the present study was to better characterize the cognitive phenotype in a large cohort children with 22q11DS compared with sibling controls and to investigate if the cognitive deficits in 22q11DS were modulated by COMT expression. Method: The memory, executive function and attentional abilities of children with 22q11DS (n = 50) compared to sibling controls (n = 31), were measured. Also, within children with 22q11DS, a preliminary exploration was carried out of the relationship between cognitive ability and COMT genotype. Results: Overall, the 22q11DS group had significantly reduced scores on tests of memory (especially in visual memory) and executive function (particularly in planning, working memory, and motor organization) compared with sibling controls. No association, however, was identified between COMT genotype and cognitive function. Conclusions: Although 22q11DS children have specific cognitive deficits, differences in COMT do not account for these findings.
Patterns of Antipsychotic Medication Use in Australia 2002–2007
Authors: Hollingworth Samantha A. , Siskind Dan J. , Nissen Lisa M. , Robinson Maxine , Hall Wayne D. 
Published: March 2010

Objective: Atypical antipsychotic medications that are primarily used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder cost the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) AUD$334.4m in 2007. There are indications that they have also been used outside the approved indications to treat behavioural disturbances in the elderly. The aim of the present study was therefore to examine (i) trends in prescribing of subsidized atypical antipsychotic drugs in the Australian population from 2002 to 2007; and (ii) gender and age differences in the utilization of these drugs. Methods: Government (Medicare Australia) data on numbers of prescriptions, quantity and doses for atypical and typical antipsychotics from 2002 to 2007 were analysed. Defined daily dose per 1000 population per day were estimated for age and sex groups using Australian Bureau of Statistics population data. Results: The proportion of prescribed antipsychotics that were atypical increased from 61% in 2002 to 77% in 2007. In male subjects, olanzapine was most often prescribed between the ages of 25 and 55 years. In female subjects, in contrast, the highest rates of prescribing were in those ≥75 years. Lower doses of these drugs were prescribed in older adults. Conclusions: Atypical antipsychotic drugs were most commonly used to treat schizophrenia in younger men and behavioural disturbances in older women with dementia. They appear to have been used outside of the approved indication for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with significant financial costs to the PBS. Research into the reasons for their extensive use in elderly women is needed to inform more rational prescribing of these medicines.
College Activities and the Ethics of Advertising
Authors: Ryan Christopher , Walter Garry , Robertson Michael 
Published: March 2010

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to examine whether advertising in the College journals and at RANZCP Congress, in particular from pharmaceutical companies, gives rise to a conflict of interests, and to discuss how this should be managed. Conclusions: While advertising will often represent a conflict of interests, banning advertising from the College journals or Congress is unlikely to the best way to manage this. Conflicts of interest may be better managed by development of clear policies on advertisements, broadening the advertising base (i.e. beyond pharmaceutical companies), checking the accuracy of advertisements, and, in the case of Congress, ceasing sponsored symposia.
Visual Outcomes in Five Different Approaches for Treatment of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Soheilian Masoud , Ramezani Alireza , Tavallali Ali , Mohebbi Mohammad R. , Peyman Gholam A. 
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Four treatment methods for central retinal vein occlusion were compared with its natural course.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In this partially prospective, comparative, interventional case series on 63 eyes with central retinal vein occlusion, five approaches were compared: intravitreal triamcinolone injection; radial optic neurotomy; combined radial optic neurotomy and intraocular triamcinolone injection; combined internal limiting membrane peeling, radial optic neurotomy, and intraocular triamcinolone; and observation.

RESULTS:

Final visual acuity in the intravitreal triamcinolone group was better compared with the observation (
P
= .025), radial optic neurotomy (
P
= .037), combined radial optic neurotomy/intraocular triamcinolone injection (
P
= .401), and combined internal limiting membrane peeling, radial optic neurotomy, and intraocular triamcinolone injection (
P
= .023) groups. However, after adjustment for baseline visual acuity, the only treatment method with significant visual acuity improvement in relation to the observation group was the combined radial optic neurotomy/intraocular triamcinolone injection (
P
= .025, .023, and .054 at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively).

CONCLUSION:
Among the five different approaches analyzed in this study, combined radial optic neurotomy and intraocular triamcinolone injection may provide a better visual outcome in the management of central retinal vein occlusion.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:157–165.]
Association Between Retinal Thickness and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Elevation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Blair Michael P. , Gupta Mayank , Blair Norman P. , Shahidi Mahnaz 
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To determine the association between retinal pigment epithelium elevation and maximum retinal thickness in patients with age-related macular degeneration.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Fifteen patients (mean age = 76 ± 8 years) with age-related macular degeneration and pigment epithelial detachment underwent optical coherence tomography. The images were analyzed by two observers to measure maximum retinal thickness and the width and maximum height of the pigment epithelial detachment. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the association between maximum retinal thickness and retinal pigment epithelium elevation.

RESULTS:

The results indicated high correlations between observers in identifying pigment epithelial detachment edges and measuring retinal pigment epithelium elevation and maximum retinal thickness. Pigment epithelial detachment height ranged from 82 to 599 microns. Mean maximum retinal thickness was 424 ± 150 microns. Increased maximum retinal thickness was associated with more elevated retinal pigment epithelium (r = 0.7;
P
= .003).

CONCLUSION:
Retinal thickness was associated with pigment epithelial detachment height, warranting future investigations into pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to and potential treatment for pigment epithelial detachment and associated retinal thickening.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:175–181.]