bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Italian Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Fornasiero Rosanna , Tolio Tullio A. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhen creating a roadmap, it is important to contextualise the sector under consideration. The work in this chapter is based on identification of relevant indicators which are analysed with a comparative approach both along the time horizon and with other countries and sectors. For this reason, this chapter is based on the extraction of data from International, European, national and regional dataset and describes the Italian manufacturing industry, exploring which are the most relevant sectors, which is the position comparing with European and international countries, and a focus is made on the machine tools sector. The system competitiveness is also analysed in terms of capability to bring innovation to Italy and to the sustainable development goals. The chapter closes with an analysis of the reaction of manufacturing to disruptions like the pandemic crisis and a proposal for a systemic recovery.
The Role of Industrial Policies: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Fornasiero Rosanna , Tolio Tullio A. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to analyse and compare European, Italian and regional industrial policies aimed at promoting the research and innovation activities, with focus on manufacturing sector. The analysis is based on secondary data collected from websites, documents issued by related governmental bodies and grey literature which are compared along scientific topics of interest. Moreover, the chapter discusses how these policies are expected to have an impact on industrial competitiveness and how these policies are interconnected each other. A comparative analysis of the regional and national priorities is also proposed as the result of an iterative collaboration with regional actors. The chapter closes with the analysis of the role of the cluster in supporting industrial policies.
Strategic Action Line LI5: Innovative Production Processes
Authors: Giorleo Luca , Galassi Carmen , Ziprani Francesco , Calefati Paolo , Campatelli Gianni , Munaro Roberto , Trotta Gianluca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe objective of this chapter is to describe the strategic action line related to innovative production processes (LI5). In particular, this chapter proposes research and innovation priorities across various aspects both related to conventional and non-conventional processes, such as: digitization of conventional production processes in order to improve their interactions and handle different types of processing, even by means of hybrid processes; the growing role of additive manufacturing and its ensuing challenges in terms of both design and production; processing of standard and innovative materials, or materials with meso/macro geometries, including also nano- and micro-manufacturing. In addition, process innovation also needs to take the shape of innovation in support of re- and de-manufacturing processes, to start with, through to the development of bio-inspired transformation models.
Glutathione transporter as a target for brain drug delivery
Authors: Guan Xiangming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInability to achieve therapeutic concentrations of a medication in the brain due to the blood brain barrier (BBB) is the major cause of treatment failure for most brain diseases. The BBB prevents almost 98% of small molecule drugs and almost all large molecule therapeutics from entering the brain. Modifying a drug delivery system with a brain targeting agent has been an effective approach in developing a brain targeting drug delivery system. Most of the brain targeting agents were developed based on a receptor- or carrier-mediated endocytosis process at the BBB. These endocytosis processes are transporting mechanisms for transporting endogenous molecules into the brain. They include those for transporting transferrin, LDL (low density lipoprotein), insulin, etc., with transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis being the most investigated and successful one for developing a brain targeting agent. The Na+-dependent glutathione transporter is present on the luminal side of the capillary endothelial cells of the brain, kidneys, and small intestine while its presence on the luminal side of the capillary endothelial cells of other organs is very minimal. This organ distribution difference enables the brain, kidneys and small intestines to sequester GSH from the blood circulation to meet the need of these organs for GSH, and provide a solid foundation for developing organ selective agents for these organs in general. This review provides an overview of the GSH transporter and the status of GSH transporter-based brain targeting drug delivery systems with the intention of bringing the field to the attention of a medicinal chemist for his/her expertise in organic synthesis, ligand identification and optimization.
Genome-wide association study revealed significant SNPs for anthracnose resistance, seed alkaloids and protein content in white lupin
Authors: Schwertfirm Grit , Schneider Michael , Haase Florian , Riedel Christine , Lazzaro Mariateresa , Ruge-Wehling Brigitte , Schweizer Guenther 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhite lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a high-protein grain legume alternative to soybean in Central Europe, but its cultivation is risky due to the fungal disease anthracnose that can cause severe yield damage. In addition, management of seed alkaloids is critical for human nutrition and animal feed. We report on a white lupin collection of genebank accessions, advanced breeding lines and cultivars that was genotyped and phenotypically characterized for anthracnose resistance and seed alkaloids and protein levels. Using genotyping by sequencing (GBS), SeqSNP-targeted GBS, BiomarkX genotyping and Sanger sequencing, a genetic resource of genome-wide SNPs for white lupin was established. We determined anthracnose resistance in two years field trials at four locations with infection rows and measured seed alkaloids and protein levels by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Few white lupin breeding lines showed anthracnose resistance comparable or better than Celina and Frieda, currently the best commercial cultivars in Germany. NIRS estimates for seed alkaloids and protein levels revealed variation in the white lupin collection. Using genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we identified SNPs significantly associated with anthracnose resistance in the field representing known and new genomic regions. We confirmed the pauper locus and detected new SNP markers significantly associated with seed alkaloids. For the first time, we present loci associated with total grain protein content. Finally, we tested the potential of genomic prediction (GP) in predicting the phenotype of these three quantitative traits. Application of results and resources are discussed in the context of fostering breeding programs for white lupin.
Assessment of a systematic approach for implementing novel medications in clinical practice: an observational study with dapagliflozin
Authors: Norberg Helena , Andersson Therese , Håkansson Erik , Ängerud Karin Hellström , Lindmark Krister 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
To assess a systematic implementation approach for introducing dapagliflozin to individuals with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction in an outpatient clinical setting.

Methods
Retrospective medical record data were analysed. All individuals diagnosed with heart failure who resided within the hospital catchment area and had visited cardiology or internal medicine department between 2010 and 2019 were screened by using the main inclusion criteria from the DAPA-HF trial. The effectiveness of the previously described seven-step systematic implementation approach was assessed by the proportion receiving information letter, dapagliflozin treatment, follow-ups at 2–12 weeks and 12 months post-dapagliflozin initiation, persistence on dapagliflozin, adverse events, and reasons for discontinuation.

Results
Of the 2433 individuals, 352 met the main DAPA-HF trial criteria in step 2. After exclusions in steps 3 and 4, 191 individuals remained. Of these, 158 were invited for eligibility discussion in step 5, with 107 having received an information letter beforehand. In step 6, dapagliflozin was prescribed to 69 individuals, and in step 7, follow-ups were conducted with 56 individuals at 2–12 weeks and 62 individuals at 12 months. Sixty out of 69 persisted on dapagliflozin after 12 months. Adverse events were reported by nine individuals. Discontinuation was attributed to reasons such as urinary tract infections, genital or abdominal discomfort, and hypotension.

Conclusion
The systematic introduction of dapagliflozin to heart failure patients was effective. Despite this, challenges in uniformly implementing procedures across patients were evident, emphasizing the necessity for a systematic implementation approach.
First-in-man study of the PSMA Minibody IR800-IAB2M for molecularly targeted intraoperative fluorescence guidance during radical prostatectomy
Authors: Hamdy Freddie C. , Lamb Alastair D. , Tullis Iain D. C. , Verrill Clare , Rombach Ines , Rao Srinivasa R. , Colling Richard , Barber Paul R. , Volpi Davide , Barbera-Martin Luis , Lopez J Francisco , Omer Altan , Hewitt Aimi , Lovell Shelagh , Niederer Jane , Lambert Adam , Snoeck Joke , Thomson Claire , Leslie Tom , Bryant Richard J. , Mascioni Alessandro , Jia Fang , Torgov Michael , Wilson Ian , Gudas Jean , Wu Anna M. , Olafsen Tove , Vojnovic Borivoj 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is increasingly used to image prostate cancer in clinical practice. We sought to develop and test a humanised PSMA minibody IAB2M conjugated to the fluorophore IRDye 800CW-NHS ester in men undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) to image prostate cancer cells during surgery.

Methods
The minibody was evaluated pre-clinically using PSMA positive/negative xenograft models, following which 23 men undergoing RARP between 2018 and 2020 received between 2.5 mg and 20 mg of IR800-IAB2M intravenously, at intervals between 24 h and 17 days prior to surgery. At every step of the procedure, the prostate, pelvic lymph node chains and extra-prostatic surrounding tissue were imaged with a dual Near-infrared (NIR) and white light optical platform for fluorescence in vivo and ex vivo. Histopathological evaluation of intraoperative and postoperative microscopic fluorescence imaging was undertaken for verification.

Results
Twenty-three patients were evaluated to optimise both the dose of the reagent and the interval between injection and surgery and secure the best possible specificity of fluorescence images. Six cases are presented in detail as exemplars. Overall sensitivity and specificity in detecting non-lymph-node extra-prostatic cancer tissue were 100% and 65%, and 64% and 64% respectively for lymph node positivity. There were no side-effects associated with administration of the reagent.

Conclusion
Intraoperative imaging of prostate cancer tissue is feasible and safe using IR800-IAB2M. Further evaluation is underway to assess the benefit of using the technique in improving completion of surgical excision during RARP.

Registration
ISCRCTN10046036: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10046036.
High intraoperative fluid load associated with prolonged length of hospital stay and complications after non-cardiac surgery in neonates
Authors: Qian Minyue , Zhao Jialian , Zhang Kai , Zhang Wenyuan , Jin Chunyi , Cai Binbin , Lu Zhongteng , Hu Yaoqin , Huang Jinjin , Ma Daqing , Fang Xiangming , Jin Yue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInappropriate perioperative fluid load can lead to postoperative complications and death. This retrospective study was designed to investigate the association between intraoperative fluid load and outcomes in neonates undergoing non-cardiac surgery. From April 2020 to September 2022, 940 neonates who underwent non-cardiac surgery were retrospectively enrolled and their perioperative data were harvested for further analysis. According to recorded intraoperative fluid volumes defined as ml.kg−1 h−1, patients were mandatorily divided into quintile with fluid load as restrictive (quintile 1, Q1), moderately restrictive (Q2), moderate (Q3), moderately liberal (Q4), and liberal (Q5). The primary outcomes were defined as prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS) (postoperative LOS ≥ 14 days), complications beyond prolonged LOS, and 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications within 14 days of hospital stay. The intraoperative fluid load was in Q1 of 6.5 (5.3–7.3) (median and IQR); Q2: 9.2 (8.7–9.9); Q3: 12.2 (11.4–13.2); Q4: 16.5 (15.4–18.0); and Q5: 26.5 (22.3–32.2) ml.kg−1 h−1. The odd of prolonged LOS was positively correlated with an increase fluid volume (Q5 quintile: OR 2.602 [95% CI 1.444–4.690], P = 0.001), as well as complications beyond prolonged LOS (Q5: OR 3.322 [95% CI 1.656–6.275], P = 0.001). The overall 30-day mortality rate was increased with high intraoperative fluid load but did not reach to a statistical significance after adjusted with confounders. Furthermore, the highest quintile of fluid load (26.5 ml.kg−1 h−1, IQR [22.3–32.2]) (Q5 quintile) was significantly associated with longer postoperative mechanical ventilation time compared with Q1 (Q5: OR 2.212 [95% CI 1.101–4.445], P = 0.026). Conclusion: Restrictive intraoperative fluid load had overall better outcomes, whilst high fluid load was significantly associated with prolonged LOS and complications after non-cardiac surgery in neonates. Trial registration: Chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2200066823 (December 19, 2022).

What is Known:• Inappropriate perioperative fluid load can lead to postoperative complications and even death.

What is New:• High perioperative fluid load was significantly associated with an increased length of stay after non-cardiac surgery in neonates, whilst low fluid load was consistently related to better postoperative outcomes.
A conceptual examination of an additive manufactured high-ratio coaxial gearbox
Authors: Eisele Philipp , Nisar Sajid , Haas Franz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research introduces the novel “Kraken-Gear” mechanism, emphasizing the advantages of additive polymer 3D printing in high-ratio gearbox systems for lightweight robotic applications, such as surgical instruments. The innovative kinematic solution provides high torsional system stiffness, substantial gear ratios, and backlash-free transmission. Leveraging the “hot lithography” additive manufacturing method ensures precise and warp-free gearbox components. Targeting medical technology, the gearbox meets stringent requirements: backlash-free, minimal vibration, high precision, and torque, with minimized weight for ergonomic comfort and fatigue mitigation. Computational simulations assess forces and stresses, highlighting the potential of additive manufacturing for cost-effective and functionally efficient gearbox fabrication. Nevertheless, careful material selection remains imperative for optimal functionality, especially in demanding medical applications. In summary, this research underscores a promising approach to gearbox fabrication, emphasizing the critical role of material selection and simulation-based assessments for optimal performance.
The use of digital tools in rare neurological diseases towards a new care model: a narrative review
Authors: Torri Francesca , Vadi Gabriele , Meli Adriana , Loprieno Sara , Schirinzi Erika , Lopriore Piervito , Ricci Giulia , Siciliano Gabriele , Mancuso Michelangelo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRare neurological diseases as a whole share peculiar features as motor and/or cognitive impairment, an elevated disability burden, a frequently chronic course and, in present times, scarcity of therapeutic options. The rarity of those conditions hampers both the identification of significant prognostic outcome measures, and the development of novel therapeutic approaches and clinical trials. Collection of objective clinical data through digital devices can support diagnosis, care, and therapeutic research. We provide an overview on recent developments in the field of digital tools applied to rare neurological diseases, both in the care setting and as providers of outcome measures in clinical trials in a representative subgroup of conditions, including ataxias, hereditary spastic paraplegias, motoneuron diseases and myopathies.
Exploring a paradox: Psychopathy, Morality and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour
Authors: Kirrane Melrona , Farqan Adeela , Cloak Emer 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStudies of the association between psychopathic traits and prosocial behavior are limited, with explanatory mechanisms of such dynamics being similarly scant within the empirical literature. Using a large sample of people in leadership roles, we explore the associations between the three facets of psychopathy (TriPM, Patrick CJ (2010) Operationalizing the triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy: preliminary description of brief scales for assessment of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. Unpublished test manual, Florida State University, pp. 1110–1131), and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB, Smith et al (1983) J Appl Psychol 68:653–663). We examine the mediating role of individualizing and binding moral foundations (MFQ, Graham et al. (2013) Adv Exp Soc Psychol 47:55–130) within these relationships. Correlation analysis revealed that boldness was positively correlated with OCB, while both meanness and disinhibition were negatively correlated with OCB. Mediation analysis demonstrated that only individualizing moral foundations (IMF) mediated the relationship between meanness and OCB, such that meanness led to lower IMF and reduced levels of OCB. Our findings signal that lower IMF enables the nefarious behavior of people with darker psychopathic traits, while moral foundations as a whole play no role in advancing the prosocial behavior of people with so-called adaptive psychopathic traits. The contributions of these findings to the literature are discussed.
Adoption of automated software engineering tools and techniques in Thailand
Authors: Ragkhitwetsagul Chaiyong , Krinke Jens , Choetkiertikul Morakot , Sunetnanta Thanwadee , Sarro Federica 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReadiness for the adoption of Automated Software Engineering (ASE) tools and techniques can vary according to the size and maturity of software companies. ASE tools and techniques have been adopted by large or ultra-large software companies. However, little is known about the adoption of ASE tools and techniques in small and medium-sized software enterprises (SSMEs) in emerging countries, and the challenges faced by such companies. We study the adoption of ASE tools and techniques for software measurement, static code analysis, continuous integration, and software testing, and the respective challenges faced by software developers in Thailand, a developing country with a growing software economy which mainly consists of SSMEs (similar to other developing countries). Based on the answers from 103 Thai participants in an online survey, we found that Thai software developers are somewhat familiar with ASE tools and agree that adopting such tools would be beneficial. Most of the developers do not use software measurement or static code analysis tools due to a lack of knowledge or experience but agree that their use would be useful. Continuous integration tools have been used with some difficulties. Lastly, although automated testing tools are adopted despite several serious challenges, many developers are still testing the software manually. We call for improvements in ASE tools to be easier to use in order to lower the barrier to adoption in small and medium-sized software enterprises (SSMEs) in developing countries.
Vulnerability of Poverty Between Male and Female-Headed Households in China
Authors: Zhang Miao , You Shibing , Yi Shuaixiang , Zhang Shiwen , Xiao Yuzhu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the nexus between household head gender and poverty vulnerability in the context of China's eradication of absolute poverty. Using a sample of 5061 rural households from the 2018 CFPS database, poverty vulnerability is quantitatively measured through the VEP model and the 3FGLS method. Additionally, the Probit model is employed to elucidate the ties between household head gender and rural household poverty vulnerability. The study uncovers an absence of significant disparity in poverty vulnerability between female-headed and male-headed households overall. However, heterogeneity is observed within female-headed households: de jure female-headed households exhibit greater vulnerability, while De facto female-headed households display the opposite trend. Notably, health risks are accentuated as a decisive factor, with female-headed households, especially de jure ones, experiencing significantly higher health risks than their male-headed counterparts. Moreover, the education level, household income, and assets are positively correlated with reducing poverty vulnerability and facilitating households' escape from poverty. These findings provide important references for formulating poverty alleviation strategies and more effective mechanisms to prevent relapse, thereby alleviating vulnerability to relative poverty.
Association Between Religiosity and Spirituality and Cocaine Use: A Systematic Review
Authors: Buja Alessandra , Montecchio Laura , Dossi Francesca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrevious literature has evidenced a possible impact on health, mental health, and health-related faith behaviors due to the effects of an individual’s spiritual dimension. The aim of this study is to collect and summarize all current data from observational studies regarding the association between religiosity or spirituality (R/S) and cocaine use (CU). A systematic literature search of analytical observational studies on the association between religiosity or spirituality and the use of cocaine was performed in PubMed and Scopus databases. Twenty observational studies were included in this review. Fifteen of the twenty observational studies found that a higher level of religiosity was associated with lower lifetime and actual cocaine use, both in adults and adolescents. However, one study conducted in a sexual minorities sample found that higher religiosity—measured as frequency of private religious activities such as prayer—was associated with a higher probability of cocaine use. Two studies found no evidence of any association between religiosity and cocaine use, and two found mixed results. This review found a possible protective role of religiosity on cocaine use, even if the cross-sectional nature of the greater part of the studies prevented drawing any casual relation. Future studies with a longitudinal approach are required. However, the support of activities aimed at broadening a religious attitude and beliefs could result in creating an environment protective for young people against cocaine use.