bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological Profiles of 5-Year Ischemic Stroke Survivors by Oxfordshire Stroke Classification and Hemisphere of Lesion
Authors: Barker-Collo Suzanne , Starkey Nicola , Lawes Carlene M.M. , Feigin Valery , Senior Hugh , Parag Varsha 
Published: October 2011

Background and Purpose—
Although the neuropsychological literature typically examines stroke outcomes by hemisphere of lesion, the medical literature provides classifications more closely linked to circulatory distribution impacted by stroke. This article examined profiles of cognitive function by hemisphere and by Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project stroke classification.

Methods—
This study included a sample of 315 5-year ischemic stroke survivors. Assessment included tests of verbal memory, visual memory, word finding/verbal fluency, abstract visual reasoning, executive functioning, and speed of processing.

Results—
The sample produced scores within 1 standard deviation of the normative mean on tests of abstract visual reasoning, verbal memory, and visual recall. Impaired performances were observed for executive function and processing speed. Profile analysis revealed no significant differences in overall cognitive performance or in the profile of performance across measures by hemisphere of lesion. However, groups defined by Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project categories produced significantly different cognitive profiles. Post hoc analyses indicate those with posterior stroke performed best overall on all tests except the Stroop Dots trial, whereas those with total anterior stroke produced significantly worse scores on tasks requiring visual abstract reasoning (Block Design, Rey Figure Copy), word finding (Boston Naming Test), and processing speed (Stroop Dots, Trails A).

Conclusions—
Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project stroke subtypes identified significant differences between groups, suggesting this classification system is of greater use than hemisphere of lesion in predicting poststroke cognitive outcomes.
Subjective Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Balatsouras Dimitrios G. , Korres Stavros G. 
Published: October 2011

ObjectiveTo study the demographic, clinical, pathogenetic, and nystagmographic features and treatment outcomes of subjective benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).Study DesignProspective clinical trial.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsSixty‐three patients were studied (mean [SD] age 55.4 [9.4] years), 27 men and 36 women, who presented with a positive history for BPPV and Dix‐Hallpike or supine roll tests positive for vertigo but negative for nystagmus. A comprehensive history was obtained, followed by clinical examination of the ears, nose, and throat and a complete audiologic and neurotologic examination, including videonystagmography. All patients were treated with the appropriate canalith repositioning procedure, depending on the type of provoking positioning test. A group of 204 patients with typical BPPV were used for comparison.ResultsForty‐five patients with subjective BPPV were successfully treated. Eighteen patients, in most of whom vertigo of other causes was identified, did not respond to treatment. Comparison between patients with subjective and typical BPPV showed similar epidemiological and clinical features. Treatment failed in 13.5% of patients with subjective disease, after excluding patients with different causes of positional vertigo, as compared with 7.8% of patients with typical BPPV (odds ratio = 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.7‐4.7; P =. 32).ConclusionSubjective BPPV is quite common, accounting for more than one‐fourth of patients with typical BPPV and sharing common features with it, with the exception of nystagmus. No statistical difference in treatment outcomes between patients with subjective and typical BPPV was found, but study of a larger sample is needed.
Dual Barrier Protected Membrane Roof Assemblies
Authors: Allen Lyte W. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Durable roof design is accomplished through the selection of proven high performance materials that are detailed to accepted standards and assembled by skilled tradespeople. Leak prevention is a high concern of building owners that can be addressed by protected membrane dual barrier roofs. The case studies herein illustrate the improvement of the membrane and insulation. Typically, roofing membranes are generally the only barrier for managing moisture (rain, vapor pressure, air movement) through a building’s roof. The position of the insulation is also an important consideration because insulation on the membrane’s exterior protects it from thermal shock and generally extends the roof membrane’s service life. Largely for this reason, protected roof membranes have been recognized for their superior performance over that of conventional roofs because the insulation protects the primary roofing membrane from wide temperature fluctuations, solar radiation, and foot traffic over the roof membrane. The concept of dual barrier roofing simply includes (a) designing a new roof assembly to include at least one “extra” layer of moisture protection or (b) simply designing the standard existing roof components to resist the elements in order to further improve the performance of a protected roof assembly. Case studies are presented that summarize the physical attributes for dual barrier roofing, both in new construction and for roof replacement/renewal projects. Measured performance comparisons indicate that a dual barrier protected membrane roof can be on the order of 10 % to 20 % more thermally efficient that a typical protected membrane [Tobiasson, W., and Richard, J., “Moisture Gain and Its Thermal Consequence for Common Roof Insulations,” NRCA Fifth Conference on Roofing Technology, US Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, Gaithersburg, Maryland, April 1979; Beech, J. C., and Saunders, G. K., “The Performance of Lightweight Inverted Flat Roofs, Building Research Establishment,” NRCA Second International Symposium on Roofing Technology, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Buckingshamshire, United Kingdom, September 1985]. Additional performance and service life benefits are also summarized.
Determinants of Body Fat in Infants of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Differ With Fetal Sex
Authors: Lingwood Barbara E. , Henry Alexandra M. , d’Emden Michael C. , Fullerton Amanda-Mei , Mortimer Robin H. , Colditz Paul B. , Lê Cao Kim-Anh , Callaway Leonie K. 
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE
Neonatal adiposity is a well-recognized complication of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to identify factors influencing adiposity in male and female infants of women treated for GDM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a prospective study of 84 women with GDM. Daily blood glucose levels (BGLs) were retrieved from glucose meters, and overall mean fasting and mean 2-h postprandial BGLs were calculated for each woman. Infant body composition was measured at birth, and regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of infant body fat separately in male and female infants.

RESULTS
Maternal fasting BGL was the major predictor of adiposity in male infants but had little relationship to adiposity in female infants. In male infants, percent fat was increased by 0.44% for each 0.1 mmol/L increase in mean maternal fasting BGL. Maternal BMI was the primary predictor in female infants but had little effect in males. In female infants, percent fat was increased by 0.11% for each 1 kg/m2 increase in maternal prepregnancy BMI.

CONCLUSIONS
Fetal sex may influence the impact that treatment strategies for GDM have on infant adiposity.
Co‐occurrence of distinct ciliopathy diseases in single families suggests genetic modifiers
Authors: Zaki Maha S. , Sattar Shifteh , Massoudi Rustin A. , Gleeson Joseph G. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDisorders within the “ciliopathy” spectrum include Joubert (JS), Bardet–Biedl syndromes (BBS), and nephronophthisis (NPHP). Although mutations in single ciliopathy genes can lead to these different syndromes between families, there have been no reports of phenotypic discordance within a single family. We report on two consanguineous families with discordant ciliopathies in sibling. In Ciliopathy‐672, the older child displayed dialysis‐dependent NPHP whereas the younger displayed the pathognomonic molar tooth MRI sign (MTS) of JS. A second branch displayed two additional children with NPHP. In Ciliopathy‐1491, the oldest child displayed classical features of BBS whereas the two younger children displayed the MTS. Importantly, the children with BBS and NPHP lacked MTS, whereas children with JS lacked obesity or NPHP, and the child with BBS lacked MTS and NPHP. Features common to all three disorders included intellectual disability, postaxial polydactyly, and visual reduction. The variable phenotypic expressivity in this family suggests that genetic modifiers may determine specific clinical features within the ciliopathy spectrum. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LiCoxMn1‐xPO4/C: A High Performing Nanocomposite Cathode Material for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Nithya Chandrasekaran , Thirunakaran Ramasamy , Sivashanmugam Arumugam , Gopukumar Sukumaran 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPristine and Co‐doped LiMnPO4 have been synthesized by the sol‐gel method using glycine as a chelating agent and the carbon composites were obtained by the wet ball mill method. The advantage of this method is that it does not require an inert atmosphere (economically viable) and facilitates a shorter time for synthesis. The LiCo0.09Mn0.91PO4/C nanocomposites exhibit the highest coulombic efficiency of 99 %, delivering a capacity of approximately 160 mAhg−1 and retain a capacity of 96.3 % over the investigated 50 cycles when cycled between 3–4.9 V at a charge/discharge rate of 0.1 C.
Evaluation of the loading of neck and shoulder musculature in overhead pushing and pulling exertions
Authors: Nimbarte Ashish D. , Aghazadeh Fereydoun , Ikuma Laura , Sun Yun 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDespite substantial epidemiological evidence relating overhead exertions with work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) of the neck, effects of such exertions on the loading of neck or cervical spine musculature are not well understood. In this study, the effects of overhead pushing and pulling exertions on the loading of the cervical spine were evaluated using electromyography (EMG) and subjective discomfort ratings. Additionally, the role of gender as well as individual strength on the loading of neck musculature during such exertions was evaluated. Twenty‐four healthy individuals (12 men and 12 women) participated in this study. Each participant performed overhead pushing and pulling exertions, exerting 25%, 50%, and 75% of their respective maximum strengths. Overhead pushing exertions were found to be significantly more strenuous to the neck musculature than were the pulling exertions. Gender had no significant effect on the activities of the neck muscles. Participants with high strength, however, were able to exert more force at comparatively low muscle activation levels. Subjective discomfort ratings were strongly correlated with the EMG data. At various workplaces, avoiding overhead exertions is rather impossible due to material, interface, and site constraints. Based on the results of this study, however, during such exertions, an interchange between directions of force application could prevent sustained loading of the neck muscles, fatigue, and consequently the probability of neck WMSD incidents. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New insights into therapeutic options for Pompe disease
Authors: Richard Emmanuel , Douillard‐Guilloux Gaëlle , Caillaud Catherine 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGlycogen storage disease type II or Pompe disease (GSD II, MIM 232300) is a rare inherited metabolic myopathy caused by a deficiency of lysosomal acid α‐glucosidase or acid maltase (GAA; EC 3.2.1.20), resulting in a massive lysosomal glycogen accumulation in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Affected individuals exhibit either severe hypotonia associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (infantile forms) or progressive muscle weakness (late‐onset forms). Even if enzyme replacement therapy has recently become a standard treatment, it suffers from several limitations. This review will present the main results of enzyme replacement therapy and the recent findings concerning alternative treatments for Pompe disease, such as gene therapy, enzyme enhancement therapy, and substrate reduction therapy. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 63(11): 979–986, 2011
Can healthcare go from good to great?
Authors: Driver Todd H. , Wachter Robert M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractHealthcare's improvement efforts have focused on the point of care, targeting specific processes such as preventing central line infections, while paying relatively less attention to the larger issues of organizational structure and leadership. Interestingly, the business community has long recognized that poor management and structure can thwart improvement efforts. Perhaps the corporate world's best‐known study of these issues is found in the book Good to Great, which identifies top‐performing corporations, compares them to carefully selected organizations that failed to achieve similar levels of performance, and gleans lessons from these analyses. In this article, we analyze the feasibility of carefully applying Good to Great's methods for analyzing organizational structure and leadership to healthcare. While a few studies in healthcare have come close to emulating Good to Great's methodology, none have matched its rigor. These shortcomings highlight key information and measurement gaps that must be addressed to facilitate unbiased, rigorous studies of the organizational and leadership predictors of institutional excellence in healthcare. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011; © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine.
CLASSIFICATION OF PEATLAND DISTURBANCE
Authors: Connolly J. , Holden N. M. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTNorthern peatlands have accumulated a carbon pool of approximately 455 to 547 GtC, and they can make significant contributions to national carbon fluxes. Ireland is an example of a northern latitude country where peatlands are of significance for carbon management. Peatlands in Ireland cover ~20 per cent of the Country and contain nearly two‐thirds of the national soil organic carbon stock. Peatland disturbance was defined, and a framework for the classification of disturbance was developed. The classification process is subjective. To account for this, a survey was conducted among several peatland experts to determine if their opinions differed from the authors'. There was no significant difference between the authors' and the peatland experts' or among each of the peatland expert's opinions. A preliminary classification survey was carried out at 172 points (photos taken at 115). The results for the preliminary study were compared with those of the survey. The expert's average scores for less disturbed and more disturbed areas favourably compared with the results from the disturbance framework. This is a robust, quick and efficient method for assessing peatland disturbance and may be applied to peatlands throughout the globe. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereocomplexation of solvent‐cast poly(lactic acid) by addition of non‐solvents
Authors: Furuhashi Yukiko , Yoshie Naoko 
Published: October 2011

AbstractEquimolar blends of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D‐lactic acid) (PDLA) were obtained by solution casting from chloroform/methanol mixed solvents and analyzed using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscopy. Chloroform and methanol are a solvent and non‐solvent, respectively, for poly(lactic acid). The WAXD and DSC results showed that stereocomplex crystallization between PLLA and PDLA occurred in addition to homo‐crystallization. On adding methanol to the casting solution, the stereocomplexation was gradually enhanced while the homo‐crystallization was suppressed. When a large amount of methanol was added, the homo‐crystallization was fully suppressed and the degree of stereocomplex crystallinity reached 90%. Similar results were obtained when another non‐solvent, hexane, was added to the casting solution in place of methanol. The effect of the addition of good and poor solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate was also studied. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Field emission properties of gallium oxide micro‐ and nanostructures in the scanning electron microscope
Authors: López Iñaki , Nogales Emilio , Hidalgo Pedro , Méndez Bianchi , Piqueras Javier 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe field emission properties of gallium oxide nanowires grown by thermal evaporation–deposition have been investigated inside the chamber of a scanning electron microscope. Turn on electric fields and enhancement factors have been determined for Sn doped nanowires. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements have been performed to calculate the work function of Sn doped Ga2O3. The results show improved field emission properties of Sn doped Ga2O3 nanowires, with a lower threshold field (below 1.0 V/µm). The obtained values are competitive with those achieved in other nanostructured materials, including carbon nanotubes.
On the stability of networked impulsive control systems
Authors: Guan Zhi‐Hong , Huang Jian , Chen Guanrong , Jian Ming 
Published: October 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, the stability of linear networked impulsive control systems is studied. The data dropout rate over N steps (DRNS) is defined, and the maximal allowable DRNS is computed, which provides a guideline for the system stability in the sense that, if the actual DRNS is less than this maximal value, then the system is asymptotically stable. To handle the network‐induced delays, a propagation unit based on the system model is introduced to the system. A necessary and sufficient condition for the asymptotical stability of the networked system with the propagation unit is derived. Furthermore, networked linearized impulsive control systems suffering from both transmission delays and data dropouts are also investigated. To design proper impulsive controllers for such systems, some algorithms are further proposed based on LMI techniques and V‐K iteration approaches. Finally, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐Photon‐Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) with Technetium‐99m Sestamibi in the Diagnosis of Small Breast Cancer and Axillary Lymph Node Involvement
Authors: de Cesare Alessandro , Vincentis Giuseppe De , Stefano Gervasi , Giacomo Crescentini , Enrico Fiori , Marco Bonomi , Crocetti Alessandro , Sterpetti Antonio V. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundIn a prospective study we evaluated the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of single‐photon‐emission computed tomography (SPECT) technetium‐99m (99Tcm) sestamibi scintimammography to differentiate between benign and malignant small solid lesions of the breast, and to diagnose axillary node involvement in patients with small breast tumors.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated 172 women with a solid lesion of the breast less than 3 cm in diameter and no evidence of axillary lymph node involvement on physical examination, ultrasound, and mammography. Thereafter, all patients underwent excision of the lesion, and, if pathology was positive for cancer, quadrantectomy and axillary lymph node dissection independently by the results of scintimammography.ResultsThere were 92 patients with a benign lesion and 80 patients with cancer. SPECT scintimammography correctly identified all 80 patients with cancer; there were six false‐positive cases and no false‐negative cases for a test efficacy of 96.5%, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 93.5%. Forty‐five of the 80 patients with cancer had axillary lymph node involvement and scintimammography correctly identified 39 of the 45 patients. There was one false‐positive case and six false‐negative cases for a test efficacy of 90%, sensitivity of 86.4%, and specificity of 97.5%.ConclusionSPECT scintimammography should be considered selectively in the preoperative evaluation of patients with small solid lesions of the breast. It allows correct identification of patients with cancer and identification of a significant number of patients with axillary lymph node involvement.
Norms for reasoning about decisions
Authors: Bonnefon Jean-François 
Published: October 2011

AbstractReasoning research has traditionally focused on the derivation of beliefs from beliefs, but it is increasingly turning to reasoning about decisions. In the absence of a single, entrenched normative model, the drive toward normativism is weaker in this new field than in its parent fields. The current balance between normativism and descriptivism is illustrated by three approaches to reasoning about decisions.
A case for limited prescriptive normativism
Authors: Pothos Emmanuel M. , Busemeyer Jerome R. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractUnderstanding cognitive processes with a formal framework necessitates some limited, internal prescriptive normativism. This is because it is not possible to endorse the psychological relevance of some axioms in a formal framework, but reject that of others. The empirical challenge then becomes identifying the remit of different formal frameworks, an objective consistent with the descriptivism Elqayam & Evans (E&E) advocate.
THE MEAN-VALUE PROPERTY AND (α,β)-HARMONICITY
Authors: LI DAN , LIU CONGWEN 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this article we consider whether, for integrable functions on the unit ball of ℂn, the mean-value property implies (α,β)-harmonicity. We find that the answer is affirmative when 0<n+α+β≤ρ0, but is negative when n+α+β>ρ0. Here ρ0 is a constant between 11.025 and 11.069.
Precision waveguide system for measurement of complex permittivity of liquids at frequencies from 60 to 90 GHz
Authors: Hunger J. , Cerjak I. , Schoenmaker H. , Bonn M. , Bakker H. J. 
Published: October 2011

We describe a variable path length waveguide setup developed to accurately measure the complex dielectric permittivity of liquids. This is achieved by measuring the complex scattering parameter of the liquid in a waveguide section with a vector network analyzer in combination with an E-band frequency converter. The automated measurement procedure allows fast acquisition at closely spaced intervals over the entire measurement bandwidth: 60–90 GHz. The presented technique is an absolute method and as such is not prone to calibration errors. The technique is suited to investigate low-loss as well as high-loss liquids in contrast to similar setups described previously. We present measurements for a high-loss liquid (water), an intermediate-loss sample (ethanol), and for nearly loss-less n-octane. Due to the available phase information, the present data have an improved accuracy in comparison with literature data.
Revisiting Human Nature: A Thomistic Rationale for the Necessity of Rhetoric
Authors: Maciejewski Jeffrey J. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIn addition to rhetorical theorists, historians of rhetoric mistakenly believe that Aristotle carefully articulated how the use of rhetoric may be thought of as being human. Here, insofar as I believe he left this work undone, I offer an ontological framework to conceive of rhetoric as intrinsic to human nature, using the essentialist paradigm espoused by Aristotle and expanded upon by St. Thomas Aquinas as a theoretical foundation. A prefatory theory is proposed that rhetoric might be thought of as being natural for its teleological orientation toward action.