bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic and spatial models of kelp forest of Macrocystis integrifolia and Lessonia trabeculata (SE Pacific) for assessment harvest scenarios: short‐term responses
Authors: Ortiz Marco 
Published: June 2010

Abstract1. Dynamic and spatial models of the kelp forest off northern Chile (SE Pacific coast) were constructed using the Ecosim and Ecospace theoretical frameworks based on a previously mass‐balanced trophic model using Ecopath II software.2. The biomass of Macrocystis integrifolia and Lessonia trabeculata blades constituted the most relevant compartments or variables of the ecosystem studied.3. The relative ascendency (A/C) of 35.5% suggests that this ecosystem is immature, but resistant to disturbances (e.g. fisheries).4. The results obtained using mixed trophic impacts (MTI) show that both brown macroalgae produced relatively similar quantitative and qualitative effects, however, the predictions based on Ecosim clearly show that L. trabeculata experienced the most relevant direct and indirect effects.5. The highest values of system recovery time obtained by Pinguipes chilensis and the other seastar group suggest that both compartments could be considered to be top predator species with strong top‐down control.6. The exploitation of kelp blades as a new harvest strategy appears to be ecologically sustainable.7. The Ecospace trophic‐spatially explicit model shows that exploitation exerted separately by habitat generates a similar pattern of direct and indirect effects. These results suggest that a habitat rotation of fisheries would not be justified.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benzothiadiazole Containing D‐π‐A Conjugated Compounds for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Synthesis, Properties, and Photovoltaic Performances
Authors: Tang Zheng‐Ming , Lei Ting , Jiang Ke‐Jian , Song Yan‐Lin , Pei Jian 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTwo D‐π‐A conjugated molecules, BzTCA and BzTMCA, were developed through facile synthetic approaches for dye‐sensitized solar cells. The investigation of the photophysical properties of BzTCA and BzTMCA both in dilute solutions and in thin films indicates that their absorption exhibits a wide coverage of the solar spectrum. The absorption features for BzTCA and BzTMCA commence at about 710 nm in solution, and at about 800 nm in the solid state. The absorption maxima (λmax) for both BzTCA and BzTMCA on TiO2 film are almost the same as those in dilute solution. Their HOMOs and LUMOs were found to partly overlap at the center of these dyes, which guarantees appreciable interactions between the donors and acceptors. The investigation of the performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells fabricated from BzTCA and BzTMCA indicated that the power‐conversion efficiencies are 6.04 % and 4.68 %, respectively, which could be comparable with the normal sensitizer N3. BzTMCA showed lower incident photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) and Jsc values relative to BzTCA, which is probably because of the weaker driving force of dye regeneration and electron injection process of BzTMCA. The IPCE responsive area reached nearly 800 nm, which provides great potential for further improvement of the photocurrent density and power‐conversion efficiency. Our investigations demonstrate that both dyes BzTCA and BzTMCA could be promising candidates for dye‐sensitized solar cells.
Ladder‐Type π‐Conjugated 4‐Hetero‐1,4‐dihydrophosphinines: A Structure–Property Study
Authors: Ren Yi , Baumgartner Thomas 
Published: June 2010

Abstractπ‐Conjugated six‐membered 1,4‐dihydrophosphinines containing a heteroatom (Si, P, S) at the 4 position were synthesized and systematically studied. X‐ray crystallographic analyses showed that the central six‐membered heterocyclic rings are almost planar. The sum of the angles around the phosphorus atom increases by 23° from the trivalent phosphorus to the phosphonium atom in the thiaphosphinine system, which is consistent with the NMR spectroscopic studies. UV/Vis spectroscopy and theoretical calculations revealed that the communication between the phosphorus center and the benzothiophene moiety is enhanced by the incorporation of a sulfur atom into the molecular scaffold. The increased conjugation endows the thiaphosphinines with interesting emission properties. Theoretical calculations supported the postulation that the orbital coupling between the π system and a σ* orbital could be enhanced in the thiaphosphinine system, especially through a phosphonium center. Cyclic voltammetry studies revealed that the thiaphosphinine oxide, thiaphosphonium, and cis‐diphosphinine oxide exhibit quasi‐reversible reduction processes, which demonstrate that simple changes in the bridge heteroatoms help to efficiently tune the redox properties of the ladder‐type 4‐hetero‐1,4‐dihydrophosphinines.
Implementation of community flood risk communication in Kumamoto, Japan
Authors: Yamada Fumihiko , Kakimoto Ryuji , Yamamoto Miyuki , Fujimi Toshio , Tanaka Naoto 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTo enhance local flood disaster mitigation, participatory approaches for community‐based flood risk communication are proposed using the workshops based on a Plan‐Do‐Check‐Action (PDCA) cycle. In our case study, risk communication for floods due to heavy rain and river flooding was implemented at the Kosen community in Kumamoto City, Japan, during 2006–2007. A community‐based flood hazard and evacuation route map were produced during the workshops and verified through virtual desktop evacuation drills. The fundamental resident flood evacuation data was obtained through the evacuation drills and analyzed with respect to the timing of the announcement of evacuation information, walking speed during evacuation, and the locations of evacuation centers. Implementation of flood risk communication was found to be effective for the enhancement of residents' awareness of both self‐ and mutual‐help efforts in community‐based flood risk mitigation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Untersuchungen zum Wasseraufnahmekoeffizienten von Holz bei Variation von Holzart und Flüssigkeit
Authors: Niemz Peter , Mannes David , Herbers Yvonne , Koch Walter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn Prüfkörpern aus Rotbuche, Robinie und Fichte wurde in den 3 Hauptschnittrichtungen längs, radial und tangential der Aufnahmekoeffizient von Flüssigkeiten (Wasser und ein hydrophobierendes wässriges Imprägniermittel mit einer Wirksubstanz aus cokondensierten nanoskaligen Silanen — Wirkstoffkonzentration 20 %) nach BS EN ISO 15148:2002 bestimmt. Es wurde eine wesentlich höhere Flüssigkeitsaufnahme in Faserrichtung als senkrecht dazu ermittelt. Rotbuche hatte die größten, Robinie die geringsten Flüssigkeitsaufnahmekoeffizienten. Die Flüssigkeitsaufnahme war bei dem hydrophobierenden Imprägniermittel geringer als bei Wasser. Dies wirkt sich auf das Imprägnierverhalten nach Druck‐ oder auch Streichimprägnierung aus.Investigations into the water absorption coefficients of timber with variations in timber and moisture type. The absorption coefficient of liquids (water and a hydrophobic watery impregnating agent with an active agent of co‐condensed nanoscale silanes; active agent concentration 20 %) by test pieces of beech, robinia and spruce was determined in the three main cutting directions: longitudinal, radial and tangential, in accordance with BS EN ISO 15148:2002. A substantially higher moisture absorption rate was found with the grain than perpendicular to it. Beech showed the highest, robinia the lowest moisture absorption coefficients. The moisture absorption was lower for the hydrophobic impregnating agent than for water. This affects the impregnation performance both with pressure impregnation and surface‐applied impregnation.
Proposal of an empirical relationship for moisture storage function of concrete
Authors: Giarma Christina 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this paper an empirical mathematical relationship for concrete’s moisture storage function is proposed. Most of the simple relationships that are used in hygrothermal models for the approximation of building materials’ moisture storage functions cannot provide a very satisfactory estimation for concrete. In this paper, an empirical function, having three branches, is formulated to express concrete’s moisture storage function and to be used in hygrothermal calculations. The formulation of this relationship is analytically presented. The proposed expression can be adjusted to a type of concrete when only the values of free saturation moisture content (relative humidity 100 %) and of moisture content corresponding to 80% air relative humidity are known for this concrete.Vorschlag einer empirischen Beziehung für die Feuchtespeicherfunktion von Beton. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine empirische mathematische Beziehung für die Feuchtespeicherfunktion von Beton vorgeschlagen. Die meisten der einfachen Beziehungen, die in hygrothermischen Modellen zur Approximation der Feuchtespeicherfunktionen von Baustoffen zur Anwendung kommen, können für Beton keine völlig zufriedenstellende Bewertung liefern. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird zur Darstellung der Feuchtespeicherfunktion von Beton und zur Verwendung in hygrothermischen Berechnungen eine empirische Funktion mit drei Zweigen formuliert. Die Formulierung dieser Beziehung wird analytisch präsentiert. Der vorgeschlagene Ausdruck kann an einen Betonbaustoff angepasst werden, wenn für diesen Betonbaustoff lediglich die Werte für den Sättigungsfeuchtegehalt (freie Sättigung, relative Feuchte 100 %) und den Feuchtegehalt bekannt sind, der 80 % relativer Luftfeuchte entspricht.
Die wachsende Bandbreite der Gebäudetypen für LEED‐Zertifizierungen
Authors: Schäfer Jochen , Biernat Torsten 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIm Bereich der Nachhaltigkeitszertifizierungen von Gebäuden ist das vom USGBC (US Green Building Council) entwickelte LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) in Europa und Deutschland ein fester Begriff [1]. Während inzwischen das System LEED‐NC, also für Neubauten und Generalsanierungen, sehr bekannt ist und am häufigsten angewandt wird, sind neun weitere LEED‐Zertifizierungssysteme entweder auf dem Markt oder in Entwicklung. Diese ermöglichen es u. a. auch, bestehende Gebäude zu zertifizieren und auf die Anforderungen spezieller Gebäudenutzungen, wie Krankenhaus, Schule oder Einzelhandel, einzugehen.The expanding variety of building types for LEED certification is continuously. In Europe and Germany, LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), developed by the USGBC (US Green Building Council), plays a major role in Green Building certifications [1]. Although the system LEED‐NC for new construction and major renovations is commonly known and mostly used, 9 additional LEED certification systems are either available or currently in development. Besides others, those systems allow the certification of existing buildings and account for buildings with specific requirements, such as hospitals, schools or retail.
Ethyl t‐butyl ether: review of reproductive and developmental toxicity
Authors: de Peyster Ann 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEthyl t‐butyl ether (ETBE) is a motor fuel oxygenate used in reformulated gasoline. Knowledge of developmental and reproductive toxicity potential of ETBE is critical for making informed decisions about acceptance and regulations. This review discusses toxicology studies providing information about effects on reproduction and the conceptus. Seven GLP‐compliant studies following widely accepted protocols have focused specifically on developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) in rats and rabbits exposed to ETBE by gavage with doses up to 1,000 mg/kg body weight/day, the limit specified in standardized test guidelines. Other repeat‐dose general toxicology studies have administered ETBE to rodents for up to 180 days, and included reproductive organ weights, histology, or other indications of reproductive system structure or function. DART potential of the main ETBE metabolite t‐butyl alcohol and class‐related MTBE has also been studied. More GLP‐compliant studies exist for evaluating ETBE using well‐established, currently recommended protocols than are available for many other chemicals used today. The database for determining ETBE DART potential is adequate, although not all study details are currently easily accessible for peer‐review. ETBE does not appear to be selectively toxic to reproduction or embryofetal development in the absence of other manifestations of general toxicity. Studies using recommended methods for sample preservation and analysis have shown no targeted effect on the reproductive system. No embryofetal effects were observed in rabbits. Early postnatal rat pup deaths show no clear dose‐response and have largely been attributed to total litter losses with accompanying evidence of maternal neglect or frank maternal morbidity.Birth Defects Res (Part B)89:239–263, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and validation of a HPLC method for quantification of rivastigmine in rat urine and identification of a novel metabolite in urine by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Arumugam Karthik , Chamallamudi Mallikarjuna Rao , Gilibili Ravindranath Reddy , Mullangi Ramesh , Ganesan Subramanian , Kar Sidhartha S , Averineni Ranjithkumar , Shavi Gopal , Udupa Nayanabhirama 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA sensitive, specific and accurate HPLC method for the quantification of rivastigmine (RSM) in rat urine was developed and validated. The method involves the simple liquid–liquid extraction of RSM and pyridostigmine as an internal standard (IS) from rat urine with tertiary methyl butyl ether. The chromatographic separation of RSM and IS was achieved with 20 mm ammonium acetate buffer (pH 6.5) and acetonitrile (65:35, v/v) delivered at flow‐rate of 1 mL/min on a Kromasil KR‐100. The method was in linear range from 50 to 5000 ng/mL. The validation was done as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The method was successfully applied for the quantification of RSM in rat urine. Besides method validation, we have identified two metabolites of RSM in urine. Both the metabolites were characterized by HPLC‐PDA and LC‐MS/MS and it was found that one metabolite is novel. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards Dynamic Drug Design: Identification and Optimization of β‐Galactosidase Inhibitors from a Dynamic Hemithioacetal System
Authors: Caraballo Rémi , Sakulsombat Morakot , Ramström Olof 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA discovery strategy relying on the identification of fragments through resolution of a constitutional dynamic system, coupled to subsequent static ligand design and optimization, is demonstrated. The strategic design and synthesis of the best molecular fragments identified from a dynamic hemithioacetal system into static ligand structures yielded a range of β‐galactosidase inhibitors. Two series of structures mimicking the hemithioacetal motif were envisaged: thioglycosides and C‐glycosides. Inhibition studies provided important structural information for the two groups, and 1‐thiobenzyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside demonstrated the best inhibitory effects.
Dead‐End Dynamic Filtration of Highly Concentrated CaCO3 Suspensions in the Presence of a Dispersant
Authors: Loginov M. , Lebovka N. , Larue O. , Ding L. H. , Vorobiev E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis work discusses dewatering of CaCO3 suspensions in the presence of a dispersant (sodium polyacrylate). Suspensions were dewatered using the rotating disk‐aided dead‐end dynamic filtration technique. Dewatering efficiency was studied as a function of the dispersant content and operational parameters (disk rotation speed, filtration pressure). Two dewatering modes, with initial (i‐dewatering) and delayed (d‐dewatering) dispersant addition, were tested. For concentrated suspensions, the d‐dewatering allowed higher final dryness and better fluidity than i‐dewatering with minimum dispersant losses in the filtrate.
Novel Silicon‐Based Patchouli Odorants of the Trialkyl(1‐hydroxy‐1‐methylethyl)silane Type: Design, Synthesis, and Olfactory Properties
Authors: Sunderkötter Astrid , Lorenzen Sabine , Tacke Reinhold , Kraft Philip 
Published: June 2010

Abstracttert‐Butyl(1‐hydroxy‐1‐methylethyl)dimethylsilane (5), a sila‐substituted seco derivative of the recently reported patchouli lead structure (4aR*,8aR*)‐1,1,8a‐trimethyldecahydronaphthalene‐4a‐ol (4), and a number of related trialkyl(1‐hydroxy‐1‐methylethyl)silanes and further derivatives, compounds 8–24, with different silicon‐bound substituents (Me, Et, iPr, cPr, tBu, iBu, cPent, vinyl, SiMe3) were synthesized and studied for their olfactory properties. All of the silanes studied exhibit at least one of the main patchouli odor descriptors ‘woody,’ ‘earthy,’ and ‘camphoraceous,’ and some even exhibit all of them. The silanes MeR2SiC(OH)Me2 (12) and R3SiC(OH)Me2 (14) (R=cyclopropyl) were found to resemble natural patchouli oil most closely, with an even lower odor threshold than the natural lead structure (−)‐patchoulol (1). To complete this structure–odor relationship study, the carbon analogues of 12 and 14 (Si/C exchange) were also prepared and characterized. Although they show similar olfactory properties to the silanes 12 and 14, the synthesis of the corresponding carbon analogues is far less straightforward than that of the silicon compounds, and only silanes 12 and 14 can be economically produced industrially.
Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Containing Heterocycles by Multicomponent Coupling of Silicon‐Tethered Diynes, Nitriles, and Isocyanides through Intramolecular Cyclization of IminoacylZr Intermediates
Authors: Zhang Shaoguang , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn efficient multicomponent synthesis of 5‐azaindoles and dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐c]azepines was achieved by zirconocene‐mediated coupling of silicon‐tethered diynes, nitriles, and isocyanides. The synthesis, structures, and intramolecular cyclization of mono‐ and bis(iminoacyl)Zr intermediates were investigated to elucidate the reaction process. Upon hydrolysis, the isolated mono(iminoacyl)Zr intermediates underwent intramolecular cyclization to afford tetrasubstituted 5‐azaindoles, whereas intramolecular cyclization of bis(iminoacyl)Zr intermediates led to the formation of dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐c]azepines. The structure of a bis(iminoacyl)Zr intermediate, formed through insertion of two molecules of CyNC into the ZrC bond, and structures of two dihydropyrrolo[3,2‐c]azepines were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective [1,2] Wittig Rearrangement Using an External Chiral Ligand.
Authors: Tomooka Katsuhiko , Yamamoto Kyoko , Nakai Takeshi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selected Topics from Recent NMR Studies of Organolithium Compounds
Authors: Gunther Harald 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Rb3PbCl5.
Authors: Beck H. P. , Monzel H. , Haberkorn R. , Stephens P. W. , Dinnebier R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Assistance of Electron Transfer from Heteroatom Compounds. Electrochemical Oxidation of 2‐(2‐Pyridyl)ethyl‐Substituted Ethers, Sulfides, and Selenides.
Authors: Watanabe Mitsuru , Suga Seiji , Yoshida Jun‐ichi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Conjugate Addition Promoted by the Copper(I) Monothiobinaphthol System. Part 3. Comparison of Three Thiolate‐Based Catalytic Systems.
Authors: Bennett Simon M. W. , Brown Stephen M. , Conole Grainne , Dennis Michael R. , Fraser Paul K. , Radojevic Sanja , McPartlin Mary , Topping Chris M. , Woodward Simon 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 4,4‐Dimethyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,2‐dithiolo[3,4‐c]quinoline‐1‐thiones in 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions with Acetylenic Dipolarophiles.
Authors: Shikhaliev Kh. S. , Medvedeva S. M. , Ermolova G. I. , Shatalov G. V. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxy‐Cope Rearrangements of Fluorinated Divinylcyclohexanols: A Modular Method for the Construction of Selectively Fluorinated Cyclic Ketones.
Authors: Dimartino Gianluca , Gelbrich Thomas , Hursthouse Michael B. , Light Mark E. , Percy Jonathan M. , Spencer Neil S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Allylation of Pyrrole with Allylboranes. Synthesis of trans‐ and cis‐2,5‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Bubnov Yu. N. , Klimkina E. V. , Lavrinovich L. I. , Zykov A. Yu. , Ignatenko A. V. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (‐)‐Sparteine‐Mediated Stereoselective Intramolecular Carbolithiation of 4‐Substituted 5‐Hexynyl Carbamates. Synthesis of Enantiopure 1,3‐Difunctionalized Alkylidene Cyclopentanes.
Authors: Oestreich Martin , Froehlich Roland , Hoppe Dieter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unsaturated Oxo—Nitriles: Stereoselective, Chelation‐Controlled Conjugate Additions.
Authors: Fleming Fraser F. , Guo Jianping , Wang Qunzhao , Weaver Douglas 
Published: June 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.