bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of lower tear meniscus shape with OCT
Authors: BANDLITZ S , PURSLOW C , MURPHY PJ , PULT H 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose When measuring the tear meniscus radius and calculating tear volume, the anterior radius of the meniscus is assumed to be spherical. This study aimed to define the shape of the meniscus more precisely using high‐resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods Images of the lower tear meniscus of 30 normal subjects (8M, 22F; mean age 27.5±9.6yrs), recruited from the patient pool of Höhere Fachschule für Augenoptik, Cologne, Germany, were taken using the Zeiss Cirrus HD OCT. Applying ImageJ software, the tear meniscus height (TMH) was measured and the xy‐coordinates of 12 marked points on the anterior tear meniscus curve were determined. With these coordinates a graph was plotted and the best fitting trend‐line (defining TM curvature) was calculated. Furthermore, the distance between the edge of the lower eyelid and the vertex of the curve (TMH‐V) was calculated and compared to the half TMH (TMH‐H).Results Mean TMH was 0.24 SD±0.06mm. The mean fitting trend‐line appeared to be a quadratic equation (R‐squared range from 0.908 to 0.996). TMH‐V (0.12±0.04mm) and TMH‐H (0.12±0.03mm) were significantly correlated (r=0.62; p<0.001). The 95% LoA showed that the TMH‐V could be expected to be up to ‐0.07 mm below and 0.07 mm above the TMH‐H.Conclusion With high‐resolution OCT the anterior surface of tear meniscus was found to have a parabolic shape, which will help to calculate tear volume more precisely. To know the position of the parabolas vertices is useful when explaining the position of light reflexes from the tear meniscus particularly in reflective meniscometry.
Tear film break‐up time evaluation by real‐time wavefront aberrometry in adult patients with meibomian gland
Authors: GICQUEL JJ , DJABAROUTI M , DUPONT L , ZAKARI W , PISELLA PJ , BREMOND‐GIGNAC D 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To evaluate tear break‐up time (BUT) with repeated higher order wavefront aberrations (HOA) measurements in adult patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction(MGD).Methods Wavefront aberrations up to the sixth order for a 4‐mm pupil were measured in 10 normal subjects (Group 1) and 10 patients with severe MGD (Group 2) with corneal involvement, using the IRX3 (Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France) Hartmann‐Shack (H‐S) aberrometer. The aberrometry was performed once every second for up to 20 seconds. HOA measurements were performed 3 times in a row. HOA variations were compared with the BUT by the conventional fluorescein method(CFM).Results There was an excellent correlation between the HOA variation and the BUT recorded by the CFM in both groups. There was also an excellent reproducibility of the HOA measurements in all patients. BUT was significantly decreased (P<0.005) in all patients in Group 2 compared to the normal tests subjects (Group 1).Conclusion Studying the HOA variation is a valuable method for evaluatingboth the quality visionand the BUT in patients with MGD and evaporative Dry Eye.The IRX3 H‐S aberrometer can be used for an objective and reproducible assessment of the BUT in the follow‐up of patients with severe MGD.
Assessment of angle and anterior chamber changes after keratoplasty
Authors: SICARD F , JANY B , BENNAI D , BREMOND‐GIGNAC D 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To quantify angle and anterior chamber changes after corneal transplantation using Visante OCT®Methods In this retrospective study, Visante OCT® examinations were performed in patients, awaiting keratoplasty, preoperatively(J‐1) and one month postoperatively(M+1). The anterior chamber depth(ACD), the angle‐opening distance at 500µm(AOD), the trabecular‐iris space area at 500µm(TISA) and the scleral spur angle(SPA) in the temporal and nasal quadrants were measured. Patients were classified based on their surgery: the surgery was penetrating keratoplasty(PK group), it was descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty(DSAEK group). Preoperative and postoperative measurements were compared using signed rank test of Wilcoxon.Results Twenty patients were evaluated: fifteen(75%) in the DSAEK group, five(25%) in the PK. Mean anterior chamber depth width increased from 3,31mm(SD 0,69) to 3,35mm(SD 0,341) after PK(p=1) , and from 3,32mm(SD 0,666) to 3,44mm(SD 0,591)after DSAEK(p=0,719). In the temporal quadrant, after DSAEK, mean anterior chamber angle width increased from 0,281mm(SD 0,126) to 0,334mm(SD 0,100)(p=0,03) in the TISA and after PK ,mean anterior chamber angle width decreased from 0,273mm(SD 0,054)to 0,248mm(SD 0,118) (p=0,812). In the nasal quadrant, after DSAEK, mean anterior chamber angle width increased from 0,253mm(SD 0,089) to 0,285mm(SD 0,085)(p=0,207) in the TISA and after PK, from 0,269mm(SD 0,114)to 0,321mm (SD 0,069) (p=0,437).Conclusion The angle change significantly in the temporal quadrant after corneal transplantation. Larger study need to be perform to confirm the angle changes.
Oximetry in glaucoma: correlation of metabolic changes with structural and functional
Authors: VANDEWALLE E , PINTO LA , OLAFSDOTTIR OB , STALMANS P , VAN CALSTER J , ZEYEN T , STEFANSSON E , STALMANS I 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To determine whether retinal vessel oxygen saturation in glaucoma patients is associated with structural optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) changes and visual field defects.Methods Retinal oxygen saturation was measured in glaucoma patients with a non‐invasive retinal oximeter (Oxymap ehf, Reykjavik, Iceland). Visuals fields and HRTs were performed on the same day. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t‐test and Pearson correlation coefficient when the data were normally distributed: otherwise Spearman correlation was used.Results The mean oxygen saturation in the arterioles was 97% ± 2%, in venules 65% ± 6% and the arteriovenous (AV) difference was 33% ± 6%. The oxygen saturation in the venules correlated with the visual field mean defects (r= ‐0.42; p=0.001; n=59) as well as with the structural HRT parameters rim area and RNFL (r= ‐0.39; p=0.008 and r= ‐0.26; p= 0.05 respectively; n=53). The AV difference decreased significantly as the visual field defect worsened (r= 0.38; p=0.003), as the rim area diminished (r= 0.29; p=0.03) and as the RNFL decreased (r= 0.27; p= 0.05). No correlation was found between the oxygen saturation in the retinal arterioles and either of these parameters.Conclusion Severe glaucomatous damage is associated with increased oxygen saturation in retinal venules and decreased AV difference in oxygen saturation. These data suggest that in eyes with severe glaucomatous damage, retinal oxygen consumption is decreased due to tissue loss.
Topical application of AMA0076, a locally acting rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, results in a robust IOP control in Dutch Belted Rabbits
Authors: VAN DE VELDE S , VAN BERGEN T , SIJNAVE D , HOLLANDERS K , MOONS L , STALMANS I 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To determine the intra ocular pressure (IOP) lowering efficacy of the local ROCK inhibitor, AMA0076, in Dutch Belted rabbits.Methods Dutch Belted rabbits (5 rabbits/group) received topically a single dose of AMA0076 in one eye. A concentration range of 0.031 ‐ 0.625% AMA0076 was tested. The contralateral eye served as control and was treated with saline. IOP was measured at baseline and 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8h post topical administration.Results Single topical administration of AMA0076 significantly lowered IOP in all groups compared to the control eye (p<0.05). Mean baseline IOP during the experiments was between 20.6 and 21.5 mmHg. Thirty minutes after topical treatment, a concentration dependent reduction in IOP was demonstrated with a ΔIOP ranging from 3.9mmHg – 7mmHg compared to the control eye. Maximal IOP reduction of each concentration following single dose administration of AMA0076 was observed ±2 hours after instillation with a ΔIOP ranging from 4.6mmHg and 7.5mmHg. The IOP lowering effect with the highest concentrations of AMA0076 (0.625% and 0.125%) was sustained during the experiment.Conclusion AMA0076 was effective in rapidly lowering IOP in a dose depended and sustained manner after a single topical dose in Dutch Belted rabbits. This new class of local ROCK inhibitors has potential therapeutic value for the IOP lowering treatment of glaucoma.
Successful treatment of macular retinoblastoma with superselective ophthalmic artery infusion
Authors: HADJISTILIANOU T , CORIOLANI G , BRACCO S , GENNARI P , CAINI M , CERASE A , GALIMBERTI D , DE FRANCESCO S 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To report our experience with superselective ophthalmic artery infusion of Melphalan (SOAIM) for macular retinoblastoma, in order to obtain tumor control while preserving as much as possible useful vision.Methods This report concerns 5 cases with ‘naïve’ unilateral retinoblastoma involving the macula, selected from a group of patients scheduled for SOAIM as the primary treatment. Follow‐up ranged from a minimum of 6 months to a maximum of 30 months.Results Each eye of each patient was treated with a cycle of three SOAIM procedures, made of 3‐5 mg of Melphalan per eye per treatment. SOAIM procedure was well tolerated in all 5 patients. One of the eyes was also treated with cryotherapy while all eyes underwent transpupillary thermo‐therapy and/or argon laser during or after the intra‐arterial treatment cycle. All patients are alive and free of metastatic spread. All the eyes achieved ophthalmoscopic remission of the tumor foci, showing types I to III regression, and no enucleation was necessary.Ultrasounds and fluorangiography were performed.Conclusion SOAIM is effective for the treatment of macular retinoblastoma, when performed in adequate settings by operators with skills in angiographic diagnosis and treatment of intracranial vascular diseases. Moreover, Melphalan selectively delivered in the ophthalmic artery may allow the salvation of eyes which should otherwise be enucleated, showing a very low rate of complications due to local and systemic toxicity.
Indications for intraarterial chemotherapy in patients with advanced retinoblastoma
Authors: SAAKYAN S , JARWAH A , YAKOVLEV S , KOBYAKOV G 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Despite the use of new methods of treatment for retinoblastoma their efficacy remains debatable and depends on different factors. Our aim was to determine the indications and efficacy of intraarterial chemotherapy in patients with different growth pattern in advanced retinoblastoma.Methods For the period of last year 20 children (26 eyes) were treated for advanced and resistant retinoblastoma . 12 had monocular and 8 binocular RB. Age from 12 months to 6 years. 16 out of 20 children have had systemic chemotherapy. 13 patients have had exophytic growth and 7 – endophytic. All patients were treated with intraarterial chemotherapy with melfolan 7.5 mg (1‐3 injections).Results We were able to preserve 21 eyes out of 26 eyes. The retrospective analysis has showed that the enucleated eyes had endophytic growth with massive seeding of tumour into the vitreous body. The best effect after chemotherapy has been observed in untreated patients with exophytic growth and juxtopapillary localization.Conclusion Our experience shows that intraarterial chemotherapy in patients with endophytic growth of retinoblastoma has very low efficacy. The choice of method of treatment depends on tumour growth pattern, localization and duration of earlier done systemic chemotherapy.
Straylight as indication for cataract surgery
Authors: COCHENER B 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe know that there are many sources of physiologic scatters such modified cornea (after refractive surgery, haze, dystrophies, ocular surface disease) , vitreous alterations and lens changes with the aging process inducing progressive cataract and impairing light diffusion. Nowadays, thanks to the access to scatter measurement, we might be able to assess tear film quality dynamics (with an increase in ocular surface desiccation commonly observed in old patients), but moreover we could detect early cataract at the stage of no induced visual acuity decrease but quality of vision degradation. We will present the preliminary results of a multicenter French study based on the use of the Double Pass Image Analyser (OQAS) for the potential diagnosis of cataract, on a standardized questionnaire of life and taking also account the integrity of ocular surface in addition to visual performances. The key parameter provided by this platform is the OSI (Ocular Surface that increases when scatters are in elevation (superior to 4). Our preliminary pilot results show a significant correlation between quality of life and OSI changes, suggesting that the objective measurement of light scatter might be of interest for detection of early cataract and that the consideration of quality of life (based on a basic questionnaire) should be considered in the modern new definition of cataract.
Clinical relevance of straylight in patients with retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: VAN BREE MCJ , VAN DEN BORN LI , VAN DEN BERG TJTP 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose The importance of straylight derives from the fact that it reduces retinal sensitivity. This may be particularly relevant in conditions with retinal dysfunction, such as Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP). Moreover in RP often early in life PSC cataract develops. The question of this study is whether straylight substantially contributes to visual disability in RP patients, potentially aggravated due to the combination of retinal degradation and increased straylight from cataract formation. In addition, straylight was used to predict possible benefit of (early) cataract surgery.Methods Twenty‐five RP patients scheduled for cataract extraction (CE) participated. Before and after CE, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in logMAR, contrast sensitivity (CS) in log(CS), temporal contrast sensitivity (TCS) in log(TCS), and straylight (log of the straylight parameter s, log[s]) were tested. TCS, or flicker sensitivity, was tested with a new test, using the C‐Quant hardware. TCS measurement was performed to assess foveal function isolated from the eye’s optical quality.Results Average pre CE log(s) value was 1.72, corresponding to a factor 6 straylight increase as compared to a healthy, young eye. Functionally significant improvement defined as >0.2 log, was only found for log(s). Only log(s) improvement was related to pre CE values. LogMAR and log(TCS) were correlated (pre CE r(19)= .57, p< .01; post CE ρ(19)= .47, p< .05). Pre and post CE log(TCS) values were similar (p= .14).Conclusion Straylight effects of cataract may substantially aggravate visual disability in RP patients, whereas BCVA may (not yet) be affected. Loss of BCVA may reflect foveal function rather than cataract. For proper CE referral straylight must be assessed.
Indications and contraindications
Authors: THEOCHARIS IP 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe modern vitrectomy procedures have replaced the conventional buckle operation in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in the majority of cases. The present indications of buckle surgery depend on surgeon’s skills, patient to doctor communication and the availability of specialised personnel. On the other hand the contraindications such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy, thin bluish sclera, are more clear and delineate the grey zone of the preoperative dilemma ‘vitrectomy or buckle’. The presentation will try to answer why buckle surgery may be beneficial in special cases and when a modern surgeon must avoid this procedure for the treatment of a patient with RRD
Severity of colour vision loss in diabetes
Authors: ABDEL‐HAY A , SIVAPRASAD S , KONSTANTAKOPOULOU E , EDGAR DF , BARBUR JL 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Vascular and structural changes in the retina are used to grade progression in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and this is often taken as an indicator of the severity of vision loss. Changes in visual function may, however, precede detectable structural damage. Red‐green (RG) and yellow‐blue (YB) thresholds were measured in patients with DR and related to their clinical grading classification.Methods 66 patients diagnosed with diabetes were examined. DR was graded according to ETDRS severity scale as no retinopathy, mild, moderate, severe DR and presence/absence of macular oedema. Colour thresholds were measured using the CAD test (Expert Rev.Ophthalmol. 6:409‐420, 2011) together with other patient‐specific information: VA, duration of diabetes, HbA1c and central subfield (CSF) thickness, and response of macular oedema to Ozurdex intravitreal implant injection.Results All diabetic patients showed loss of chromatic sensitivity (with mean RG and YB thresholds exceeding six times normal values). The clinical grading of disease progression showed negligible correlation with either RG (r2=‐0.0004) or YB thresholds (r2=0.052). Patients with no DR often exhibited normal visual acuity (~ 1 min arc), but showed significant loss of colour vision. Ozurdex treatment was associated with significant initial improvement in colour thresholds.Conclusion RG and YB colour thresholds provide a sensitive measure of functional change in diabetics that does not relate well to observed vascular and structural changes. These preliminary findings also suggest that measurement of colour thresholds can be used to monitor the efficacy of treatment in diabetic macular oedema.
A novel co‐culture model of the blood‐retinal barrier based on primary retinal endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes
Authors: SCHLINGEMANN RO , WISNIEWSKA‐KRUK J , VOGELS IM , VAN NOORDEN CJF , KLAASSEN I 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Loss of blood‐retinal barrier (BRB) is an important cause of diabetic macular edema (DME), but cellular mechanisms underlying BRB dysfunction are poorly understood. Therefore, we developed and characterized a novel in vitro BRB model.Methods The model is based on primary bovine retinal endothelial cells(BRECs).These cells were shown to maintain specific in vivo BRB properties by expressing high levels of endothelial junction proteins and specific BRB transporters. To investigate the influence of pericytes and astrocytes on BRB maintenance in vitro, we compared five different co‐culture BRB models, based on BRECs, bovine retinal pericytes (BRPCs) and rat glial cells.Results Co‐cultures of BRECs with BRPCs and glial cells showed the highest trans‐endothelial resistance (TEER) as well as decreased permeability of tracers, even after vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation, suggesting a major role for these cell types in maintaining barrier properties. To mimic the in vivo situation of DME, we stimulated BRECs with VEGF, which downregulated MDR1 and GLUT1 mRNA levels, transiently reduced expression levels of endothelial junctional proteins and altered their organization, increased the number of intercellular gaps in BRECs monolayers and influence the permeability of the model to differently‐sized molecular tracers. Moreover, as has been shown in vivo, expression of plasmalemma vesicle‐associated protein (PLVAP) was increased in endothelial cells in the presence of VEGF.Conclusion This in vitro model is the first co‐culture model of the BRB that mimicks in vivo VEGF‐dependent changes occurring in DME.
Subthreshold micropulse photocoagulation with true yellow 577nm diode laser for macular oedema
Authors: FRUSCHELLI M , SPARAGNA MC , DENARO R , MENICACCI F , ESPOSTI G , ESPOSTI PL 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Subthreshold, or tissue sparing, Diode Micropulse Photocoagualtion (SDM) is a treatment used to produce a therapeutic effect without inducing detectable intraretinal damage. Actually treatment options are available for diabetic macular edema (DME), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR), macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and even glaucoma.Methods We used micropulse technology with 577nm yellow diode laser to produce a therapeutic effect without inducing intraretinal damage detectable on clinical examination during or after the treatment. All patients were affected by clinically significative macular edema (CSME) due to diabetic retinopathy, venous branch retinal occlusion and central serous retinopathy.Results Controls prefomed at 1, 3 and 6 months showed no detectable retinal scars in any case. Foveal thickness decreased in all patients, visual acuity remained stable (<10 ETDRS letters) or improved (≥10 ETDRS letters).Conclusion The results of our study indicate that, in the treatment of CSME due to PDR, BRVO and CSR,SDM photocoagulation is at least as effective as conventional photocoagulation without any clinically discernible evidence of laser‐induced iatrogenic damage.
Is a synthetic lamina the ultimate goal for osteo‐odonto‐keratoprosthesis (OOKP) surgery? Options for the edentulous patient who require OOKP surgery
Authors: LLOYD A , AVADHANAM V , SANDEMAN S , LIU C 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose To list the options for an edentulous patient requiring OOKP surgery for rehabilitating corneal blindness.Methods Literature review, personal experience, and theoretical considerations.Results Options include an OOKP allograft from a living (related or unrelated) donor which necessitate systemic immunosuppression, a tibial bone allograft (depends on good bone density), and a Pintucci (Dacron) keratoprosthesis. None of these has the longevity of an OOKP proper. Other options, as yet not properly studied, include cadaveric OOKP allografting, and synthetic OOKP analogues. The latter has the advantage of the possibility of mass manufacture, no risk of transmission of blood‐borne infections, and no size constraints limiting optical cylinder design.Conclusion Options do exist for the edentulous patient requring OOKP surgery for rehabilitation of corneal blindness. In the long term, the synthetic OOKP analogue holds the best promise.
Choroidal blood flow in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC)
Authors: FUCHSJAGER‐MAYRL G , PALKOVITS S , BOLTZ A , WERKMEISTER R , TOLD R , SCHMETTERER L 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) has been linked to alterations in perfusion and metabolism. In the present study we investigated arterial and venous oxygen saturation in patients with active CSC and compared it to the data in healthy subjects.Methods A total of 13 subjects with active CSC and 13 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects were included in this study. Retinal arterial and venous oxygen saturation was measured in an annular area centered at the optic disk using the Imedos Oxygen Module for the Retinal Vessel Analyzer (RVA).Results No significant difference was observed between the patients with CCS and healthy control subjects. This was the case for retinal arterial oxygen saturation (95.0 ± 4.5 % in patients with CCS, 96.2 ± 4.2 %; p = 0.463) and for retinal venous oxygen saturation (66.6 ± 5.5 % in patients with CCS, 63.7 ± 6.1 %; p = 0.392).Conclusion Previous studies have shown that CSC is associated with abnormalities in choroidal blood flow regulation. Our data indicate, however, that retinal oxygenation is normal in CSC patients during the active phase.