bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Properties, and Structures of Salts with the Reineckate Anion, [CrIII(NCS)4(NH3)2]–, and Large Organic Cations
Authors: Peppel Tim , Schmidt Christin , Köckerling Martin 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA series of 9 new Reineckate salts, A[CrIII(NCS)4(NH3)2] with various large organic cations A = tetraalkylammonium, [R4N]+, R = n‐butyl, n‐dodecyl; 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium, (RMIm)+: R = methyl, ethyl, iso‐propyl, n‐butyl, and n‐hexyl; A = 1,3‐dimethyl‐2,4,5‐triphenylimidazolium and A = 1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylimidazolium was synthesized. The melting point of each compound was measured to see if any belongs to the group of metal‐containing Ionic Liquids with low melting points. Each compound was further characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, IR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. From NMR investigations information about the magnetic behavior was derivedusing the Evans method. It has been found that every compound is paramagnetic with effective magnetic moments of spin‐only CrIII. The structures of the Reineckates with A = tetra‐n‐butyl‐ammonium, tetra‐n‐dodecyl‐ammonium, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium, and 1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylimidazolium were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements: (nBu4N)[Cr(NCS)4(NH3)2]: monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 12.0818(8), b = 10.2425(8), c = 24.222(2) Å, β = 98.324(3)°, Z = 4, R1(F)/wR2(F2) = 0.0332/0.0871; {(C12H25)4N}[Cr(NCS)4(NH3)2]·0.85H2O: triclinic, P$\bar{1}$ (no. 2), a = 8.4049(1), b = 20.1525(4), c = 20.7908(4) Å, α = 67.487(1)°, β = 81.328(1)°, γ = 78.040(1)°, Z = 2, R1(F)/wR2(F2) = 0.0533/0.1343; (EMIm)[Cr(NCS)4(NH3)2]: orthorhombic, Pbcm (no. 57), a = 8.765(2), b = 15.888(3), c = 14.191(3) Å, Z = 4, R1(F)/wR2(F2) = 0.0466/0.1271; (PeMIm)[Cr(NCS)4(NH3)2]: monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 6.0817(2), b =13.9811(5), c = 25.2902(9) Å, β = 90.075(2)°, Z = 4, R1(F)/wR2(F2) = 0.0405/0.1111.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Luminescence of Two New Zinc(II) Coordination Polymers Constructed by 5‐(4‐Carboxybenzyloxy)Isophthalic Acid Ligand
Authors: Chen Lei , Shao Kui‐Zhan , Yuan Gang , Yang Guang‐Sheng , Zang Hong‐Ying , Xu Guang‐Juan , Wang Xin‐Long , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTwo coordination polymers, namely Zn(HL)(4,4′‐bpy)1.5 (1), [Zn3(L)2(BIMB)2]·5H2O (2) [H3L = 5‐(4‐carboxybenzyloxy)isophthalic acid, 4,4′‐bpy = 4,4′‐bipyridine, BIMB = 1,4‐bis(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)benzene] were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Their structures are determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. Complex 1 features a 2D 4‐connected network. Complex 2 is a 3D twofold interpenetrating (3,4,6)‐connected net. In addition, the luminescent properties for 1 and 2 were studied in the solid state at room temperature.
The Low‐Valent Bismuth Sulfide Bromide Cu3Bi2S3Br2
Authors: Heerwig Andreas , Ruck Michael 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe thermal reactions of Cu with CuBr and Bi2S3 yielded black, shiny needles of the mixed‐valent compound Cu3Bi2S3Br2 = (CuI)6(BiII2)(BiIII)2S6Br4. This first low‐valent copper bismuth chalcogenide halide crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbam with a = 2966.9(7) pm, b = 802.4(2) pm, and c = 389.1(3) pm at 293(2) K. The crystal structure is dominated by ${2}\atop{\infty}$[Bi4S6Br4]6– layers parallel to (100). The copper(I) cations fill trigonal or tetrahedral voids in the packing of anions. The bismuth(III) cations are in monocapped trigonal prismatic coordination. The bismuth(II) cations form Bi24+ dumbbells (Bi–Bi 306.3(3) pm) that are pairwise combined in cyclic fragments [(BiII2)2S4Br4]4–. The structural information on the ordering of the dumbbells is not properly transferred between neighboring layers, resulting in diffuse X‐ray scattering along a*. Raman spectroscopy shows a resonance at 113 cm–1, which can be attributed to the vibration of the Bi24+ unit.
Giant Cell Tumour of Tendon Sheath of the Digits. A Systematic Review
Authors: Fotiadis Elias , Papadopoulos Alexis , Svarnas Theodoros , Akritopoulos Panagiotis , Sachinis Nick P. , Chalidis Byron E. 
Published: May 2011

Background We reviewed the literature to evaluate the demographic, clinical and histological profile of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath of the digits (GCTTSD). The overall recurrence rate and the factors affecting tumour recurrence were also assessed. Methods We searched for published articles regarding the GCTTSD in the English literature the last 30 years using the PubMed search engine. All retrieved papers were analysed and their reference lists were also screened if relevant. Clinical studies with less than five patients and follow-up less than 2 years were excluded from further evaluation. For each report, information was gathered related to trial characteristics and study population. Location and multicentricity of lesions, kind and severity of symptoms, type of applied treatment modality and histopathological features of the excised tumours were additionally recorded. A meta-analysis for estimating the pooled recurrence rate after surgical excision was also conducted. Statistical significance was assumed for p ≤0.05. Results We found 21 studies with histological confirmation of GCTTS. However, only 10 studies including 605 patients were reviewed according to selection criteria (average follow-up 36.7 to 79 months). The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.47 ( p<0.005) and the mean age ranged from 32 to 51 years. Pain or sensory disturbances reported only in 15.7% and 4.57% of cases, respectively. A definite history of trauma recorded in 5% of lesions. The most frequent tumour location was the index finger (29.7%). In total, 14.8% of patients had tumour recurrence. Type I tumours (single lesions) were more frequently detected (78.7%) than type II tumours (two or more distinct tumours that were not joined together) (21.3%) but the latter were associated with a higher recurrence rate ( p<0.001). Study design also affected the possibility of recurrence as it was lower in prospective studies compared to retrospective studies ( p=0.003). Even though bone erosion was detected in 28.39%, recurrence was not more common in this group. In addition, recurrence was not significantly associated with a specific finger or phalanx. Conclusions Intrinsic biology of the tumour seems to play a more fundamental role in recurrence than tumour location or local invasiveness. More prospective well-designed studies including a large number of cases are necessary to identify tumours prone to recurrence and determine the proper treatment protocol for each individual patient.
Chromosomal integrity and DNA damage in freeze‐dried spermatozoa
Authors: Kusakabe Hirokazu 
Published: May 2011

AbstractFreeze‐drying technology may one day be used to preserve mammalian spermatozoa indefinitely without cryopreservation. Freeze‐dried mouse spermatozoa stored below 4°C for up to 1 year have maintained the ability to fertilize oocytes and support normal development. The maximum storage period for spermatozoa increases at lower storage temperatures. Freeze‐drying, per se, may reduce the integrity of chromosomes in freeze‐dried mouse spermatozoa, but induction of chromosomal damage is suppressed if spermatozoa are incubated with divalent cation chelating agents prior to freeze‐drying. Nevertheless, chromosomal damage does accumulate in spermatozoa stored at temperatures above 4°C. Currently, no established methods or strategies can prevent or reduce damage accumulation, and damage accumulation during storage is a serious obstacle to advances in freeze‐drying technology. Chromosomal integrity of freeze‐dried human spermatozoa have roughly background levels of chromosomal damage after storage at 4°C for 1 month, but whether these spermatozoa can produce healthy newborns is unknown. The safety of using freeze‐dried human spermatozoa must be evaluated based on the risks of heritable chromosome and DNA damage that accumulates during storage.
The ‘William Allen Box’: a Victorian Gentleman's Collection of Antiquities and Curios
Authors: Hobbs Richard , Swaddling Judith , Graham-Campbell James , Marzinzik Sonja 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe ‘William Allen box’ is a rare survival of a collection of antiquities, mostly of Roman date, collected in the Victorian period. This paper discusses the identity and life of the collector and some of the more notable objects before examining the provenance of some of the material, in particular the findspots ‘Ad Fines’ and ‘Croydon’. The importance of the collection in the context of the antiquarian age in which it was assembled is also discussed.
Evidence for Prehistoric Salt Extraction Rediscovered in the Hungarian Central Mining Museum
Authors: Harding Anthony , Szemán Attila 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper describes a group of wooden objects (a trough, ladder, mallet and other pieces) found in 1817 in a salt mine in north-eastern Austria-Hungary, now Ukraine, which have recently come to light in the Hungarian Central Mining Museum in Sopron. It presents new radiocarbon dates indicating that the objects date to the Bronze Age, except for one that belongs to the early medieval period. Their function is briefly considered in the context of recent excavation and survey work in Romania, and specifically the remarkable discoveries from Băile Figa near Beclean, northern Transylvania, where several similar troughs and other objects have been found. Taken together, the finds shed light on the scale of salt exploitation in central and eastern Europe in prehistoric times.
The Style and Function of the Cameos on the Frame of the Westminster Retable
Authors: Henderson George 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe imitation cameos placed around the frame of the Westminster Retable had a deeply entrenched cultural context in the re-use of classical gemstones in many examples of medieval goldsmiths’ work. But the cameos on the Retable had arguably a more local and immediate thirteenth-century context, both stylistically and iconographically, in the choice of images displayed. This paper relates the paired jugate heads in a cameo known from photographs but now lost, and the one surviving cameo head with its very specific winged headdress, to similar images in other media – book painting and sculpture – both in England and in France. It also, though very tentatively, given the loss of the great bulk of the cameos formerly on the frame, attempts to identify the persons represented in the cameos in relation to the overall programme of the Retable, not restricting this identification to any obvious antique parallels.
John Carter, FSA (1748–1817): ‘The Ingenious, and Very Accurate Draughtsman’
Authors: Nurse Bernard , Crook J Mordaunt 
Published: May 2011

AbstractJohn Carter's newly catalogued papers and correspondence in the archives of King's College London throw considerable new light on his relationship with members of the Society of Antiquaries and his patrons, and include previously unpublished sketches of several of them. His memoirs show that a small group of wealthy antiquaries recognized his skills as an accurate and conscientious draughtsman and encouraged him faithfully to record historic – and especially medieval – buildings and monuments. Many of these buildings were later altered or destroyed, and his numerous surviving drawings are thus of immense value to scholars. The opportunity has also been taken to publish a postscript with additional comments and corrections to the Society's monograph, John Carter and the Mind of the Gothic Revival (1995).
An Eastern Perspective: the Society of Antiquaries and Indian Antiquities in the 1780s
Authors: Wright C J 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThough Britain was the predominant European power in India from the middle of the eighteenth century, British scholars at first lagged behind their European contemporaries in the study of Indian antiquities. There were, quite simply, no British counterparts to such celebrated figures as Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron and Carsten Niebuhr. This paper investigates the efforts made by the Society of Antiquaries of London to remedy this situation, as demonstrated in particular by the publication of two early eighteenth-century accounts of the cave temples at Kanheri and Elephanta near Bombay in volume 7 (1785) of the Society's journal,Archaeologia. It argues that the impetus for the Society's efforts was provided by its Director, Richard Gough, who had family reasons for an interest in India and the East, but that the Society's role was largely superseded when Sir William Jones founded the Asiatick Society of Bengal.
The effect of choline and cystine on the utilisation of methionine for protein accretion, remethylation and trans-sulfuration in juvenile shrimpPenaeus monodon
Authors: Richard Lenaïg , Vachot Christiane , Surget Anne , Rigolet Vincent , Kaushik Sadasivam J. , Geurden Inge 
Published: May 2011

This 35-d feeding experiment examined in juvenile shrimpPenaeus monodon(3·3 g initial body weight) the effects of methionine (Met), choline and cystine on protein accretion and the activity of two key enzymes of remethylation (betaine–homocysteine methyltransferase; BHMT) and trans-sulfuration (cystathionine β-synthase; CBS). The interaction between Met and choline was tested using semi-purified diets either adequate or limiting (30 or 50 %) in total sulphur amino acid (SAA) content with a constant cystine:Met ratio. The diets contained either basal or excess choline (3v.7 g/kg feed). Cystine was added to two other 30 and 50 % Met-limiting diets to adjust the SAA supply to that of the control diet in order to evaluate the interaction between Met and cystine. As expected, N accretion was significantly lower with the SAA-limiting diets but increased back to control levels by the extra choline or cystine, demonstrating their sparing effect on Met utilisation for protein accretion. We show, for the first time, the activities of BHMT and CBS in shrimp hepatopancreas. Only BHMT responded to the SAA deficiencies, whereas the extra choline and cystine did not stimulate remethylation or down-regulate trans-sulfuration. Our data also suggest the capacity ofP. monodonto synthesise taurine, being significantly affected by the cystine level in the 30 % SAA-limiting diets. Further research is warranted to better understand the metabolic regulation of taurine synthesis in shrimp and of the observed Met-sparing effects.
Activation of PPARγ and δ by dietary punicic acid ameliorates intestinal inflammation in mice
Authors: Bassaganya-Riera Josep , DiGuardo Margaret , Climent Montse , Vives Cristina , Carbo Adria , Jouni Zeina E. , Einerhand Alexandra W. C. , O'Shea Marianne , Hontecillas Raquel 
Published: May 2011

The goal of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms of immunoregulation by which dietary punicic acid (PUA) prevents or ameliorates experimental inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The expression of PPARγ and δ, their responsive genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines was assayed in the colonic mucosa. Immune cell-specific PPARγ null, PPARδ knockout and wild-type mice were treated with PUA and challenged with 2·5 % dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). The prophylactic efficacy of PUA was examined in an IL-10− / − model of IBD. The effect of PUA on the regulatory T-cell (Treg) compartment was also examined in mice with experimental IBD. PUA ameliorated spontaneous pan-enteritis in IL-10− / − mice and DSS colitis, up-regulated Foxp3 expression in Treg and suppressed TNF-α, but the loss of functional PPARγ or δ impaired these anti-inflammatory effects. At the cellular level, the macrophage-specific deletion of PPARγ caused a complete abrogation of the protective effect of PUA, whereas the deletion of PPARδ or intestinal epithelial cell-specific PPARγ decreased its anti-inflammatory efficacy. We provide in vivo molecular evidence demonstrating that PUA ameliorates experimental IBD by regulating macrophage and T-cell function through PPARγ- and δ-dependent mechanisms.
Comparative effects of dried plum and dried apple on bone in postmenopausal women
Authors: Hooshmand Shirin , Chai Sheau C. , Saadat Raz L. , Payton Mark E. , Brummel-Smith Kenneth , Arjmandi Bahram H. 
Published: May 2011

Aside from existing drug therapies, certain lifestyle and nutritional factors are known to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Among the nutritional factors, dried plum or prunes (Prunus domesticaL.) is the most effective fruit in both preventing and reversing bone loss. The objective of the present study was to examine the extent to which dried plum reverses bone loss in osteopenic postmenopausal women. We recruited 236 women, 1–10 years postmenopausal, not on hormone replacement therapy or any other prescribed medication known to influence bone metabolism. Qualified participants (n160) were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups: dried plum (100 g/d) or dried apple (comparative control). Participants received 500 mg Ca plus 400 IU (10 μg) vitamin D daily. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine, forearm, hip and whole body was assessed at baseline and at the end of the study using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months to assess bone biomarkers. Physical activity recall and 1-week FFQ were obtained at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months to examine physical activity and dietary confounders as potential covariates. Dried plum significantly increased BMD of ulna and spine in comparison with dried apple. In comparison with corresponding baseline values, only dried plum significantly decreased serum levels of bone turnover markers including bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b. The findings of the present study confirmed the ability of dried plum in improving BMD in postmenopausal women in part due to suppressing the rate of bone turnover.
Comparison between curvature and 3D strain analysis methods for fracture predicting in the Gachsaran oil field (Iran)
Authors: SHABAN ALI , SHERKATI SHAHRAM , MIRI SEYED ABOLFAZL 
Published: May 2011

AbstractMost carbonate fractured reservoirs display complex behaviour in the simulation and production stages of their development, and this complexity is thought to be the result of the different fracture distributions and intensities within the reservoir. Accurate fracture characterization is therefore essential and the two techniques most commonly used for fracture prediction are ‘strain analysis’ and ‘curvature analysis’. In this paper these two methods of fracture analysis are compared by applying them to the Gachsaran oil field in the Zagros folded belt and comparing the predictions of the two with the performance history of the reservoir. This reservoir is well suited for such a study as there is a large quantity of seismic data and over 350 wells have been drilled. Fracture intensity indicator maps have been produced using both methods and the results compared with production index data from the wells. The indicator map produced using the 3D strain analysis method in which special attention was given to the structural setting, structural evolution and the position of the fractures with respect to the local stress orientation, was found to be more compatible with the production index data than the map produced using the method of curvature analysis. In addition, the study also demonstrates that one of the great advantages of strain analysis compared to the curvature method is its ability to predict variations in the vertical direction and thus provide data related to a reservoir volume rather than simply to a surface.
Liver enzymes and blood metabolites in a population of free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) naturally infected withFascioloides magna
Authors: Severin K. , Mašek T. , Janicki Z. , Konjević D. , Slavica A. , Marinculić A. , Martinković F. , Vengušt G. , Džaja P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe investigated the effects ofFascioloides magnainfection on the serum biochemistry values of the naturally infected red deer population in eastern Croatia. The investigation was performed on 47 red deer withF. magnainfection confirmed patho-anatomically in 27 animals (57.4%). Fibrous capsules and migratory lesions were found in 14 deer while only fibrous capsules without migratory lesions were found in 13 deer. In 13 deer both immature and mature flukes were found, in 5 deer only immature flukes were found and in 9 deer only mature flukes were found.Fascioloides magnainfected deer with fibrous capsules and migratory lesions had significantly higher values for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and globulin, and lower values for albumin/globulin ratio and glucose compared to uninfected deer.Fascioloides magnainfected deer with fibrous capsules without the presence of migratory lesions had higher values for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and globulin, and lower values for albumin/globulin ratio and glucose, than the uninfected deer. The number of immature flukes was positively correlated with values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), LDH, GLDH, urea and triglycerides. The number of migratory lesions was positively correlated with GGT, GLDH, globulin and urea values. The creatinine value was positively correlated with the number of mature flukes. The trial showed thatF. magnainfection causes significant changes in serum biochemistry. Moreover, these changes do not completely resemble changes followingF. hepaticainfection. Further investigation of changes in liver enzymes and other serum metabolites in controlled, experimentally induced fascioloidosis in red deer is needed to better understand the pathogenesis ofF. magna.
The effect of anti-Anisakis simplexantibody levels on C3 and C4 complement components in human sera
Authors: García-Hernández P. , Rodero M. , Gisbert-Criado R. , Puente P. , Pelayo V. , Andreu-Ballester J.C. , Cuéllar C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractPreviously, anin vitroeffect was observed on the complement system not only of the excretory-secretory products but also of somatic antigens from L3Anisakis simplexlarvae. In the present work the effect of anti-A. simplexspecific antibodies on C3 and C4 levels in human sera was investigated. Up to 309 samples of sera were tested to determine levels of C3 and C4 and anti-A. simplexantibodies, including immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE. Significant differences were observed between levels of C3 and C4 and all immunoglobulins except for IgE. In the case of immunoglobulins, the probability that an anti-A. simplexpositive subject has a C3 deficiency was 3.8 times higher than a subject without specific antibodies. In conclusion, an association between elevated levels of anti-A. simplexantibodies and C3 and C4 deficiency was demonstrated.