bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of improvement efforts on glycemic control and hypoglycemia at a University Medical Center
Authors: Hermayer Kathie L. , Cawley Patrick , Arnold Pamela , Sutton Angela , Crudup John , Kozlowski Lisa , Hushion Timothy V. , Sheakley Maureen L. , Epps Juanita A. , Weil Rebecca P. , Carter Rickey E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Great emphasis is placed on optimizing treatment of hospitalized patients with diabetes and hyperglycemia.OBJECTIVE:This study was conducted to determine if the application of hospital‐wide insulin order sets improved inpatient safety by reducing the number of actual hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events and increasing at‐target blood glucose.DESIGN:A retrospective chart review was conducted of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events and at‐target blood glucose occurring before and after institution of the insulin order sets and blood glucose protocols.SETTING:The Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) Medical Center is a 709‐bed hospital and tertiary referral center for partnering hospitals in the southeastern United States.PATIENTS:All patients were evaluated who had a documented history of diabetes or who had at least 1 finger‐stick blood glucose above 180 mg/dL who were admitted for care to the MUSC adult main hospital (minimum of 18 years‐of‐age; maximum 100 years‐of‐age) during June 2004, June 2005, June 2006, and June 2007.INTERVENTION:The intervention involved institution of hospital‐wide hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, subcutaneous insulin, and intravenous insulin treatment protocols.MEASUREMENTS:Retrospective data on hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and at‐target blood glucose incidence and frequency were collected via a computerized repository for all inpatients.RESULTS:The percent time in range improved by 10% with no increase in the amount of severe hypoglycemic episodes for the blood glucose results.CONCLUSIONS:Implementing standardized insulin order sets including hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia treatment protocols at MUSC produced expected benefits for patient safety for this patient population. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:331–339. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Improved performances on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering based on electrochemically roughened gold substrates modified with SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Yu‐Chuan , Yu Chung‐Chin , Hsu Ting‐Chu 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this work, we use electrochemical oxidation–reduction cycles (ORC) methods to prepare surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐active gold substrates modified with SiO2 nanoparticles to improve the corresponding SERS performances. Based on the modified substrates, the SERS of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) exhibits a higher intensity by 3‐fold of magnitude, as compared with that of R6G adsorbed on a SERS‐active Au substrate without the modification of SiO2 nanoparticles. Moreover, the SERS enhancement capabilities of the modified and the unmodified Au substrates are seriously destroyed at temperatures higher than 250 and 200 °C, respectively. These results indicate that the modification of SiO2 nanoparticles can improve the thermal stability of SERS‐active substrates. The aging in SERS intensity is also depressed on this modified Au substrate due to the contribution of SiO2 nanoparticles to SERS effects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First order molecular hyperpolarizabilities and intramolecular charge transfer from the vibrational spectra of NLO material: ethyl‐3‐(3, 4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐2‐propenoate
Authors: Jothy V. Bena , Sajan D. , Ravikumar C. , Němec I. , Xia Chun‐Nian , Rastogi V. K. , Joe I. Hubert 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAs part of the efforts for the design of new organic nonlinear optical(NLO) materials with high efficiency for present day technological requirements, a comprehensive investigation on the intramolecular charge transfer(CT) of an efficient π‐conjugated potential push–pull NLO chromophore, ethyl‐3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐2‐propenoate(EDP) to a strong electron‐acceptor group through the π‐conjugated bridge has been carried out from their vibrational spectra. The first hyperpolarizabilities of caffeic derivatives are investigated by ab initio method. The NLO efficiency is experimentally measured by powder efficiency experiment. The strongest vibrational modes contributing to the electro‐optic effect from the simultaneous infrared(IR) and Raman activities of the ring CC stretching modes, in‐plane deformation modes, and the umbrella mode of the methyl groups have been identified and analyzed unambiguously. The influence of electronic effects, hyperconjugation and backdonation, on the CH stretching vibrations of both methyl and methylene groups causing the decrease of stretching wavenumbers and IR intensities has been extensively investigated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiphonon resonant Raman scattering in N‐doped ZnO
Authors: Zhu Xiaming , Wu Huizhen , Yuan Zijian , Kong Jinfang , Shen Wenzhong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMultiphonon resonant Raman scattering in N‐doped ZnO films was studied, and an enhancement of the resonant Raman scattering process as well as longitudinal optical (LO) phonon overtones up to the sixth order were observed at room temperature. The resonant Raman scattering intensity of the 1LO phonon in N‐doped ZnO appears three times as strong as that of undoped ZnO, which mainly arises from the defect‐induced Raman scattering caused by N‐doping. The nature of the 1LO phonon at 578 cm−1 is interpreted as a quasimode with mixed A1 and E1 symmetry because of the defects formed in the ZnO lattice. In addition, the previously neglected impurity‐induced two‐LO‐phonon scattering process was clearly observed in N‐doped ZnO. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pepper mineral composition and sensory attributes as affected by agricultural management
Authors: Flores Pilar , Hellín Pilar , Lacasa Alfredo , López Alicia , Fenoll Jose 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Given the contradictory information available concerning the potential beneficial effects of organic production on food quality, there is a need for studies that determine the real effect of cropping systems on fruit quality. A two‐year farm study was therefore conducted to assess differences in the mineral composition and sensory quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Quito) fruits cultivated in organic (O), low‐input (LI) and soilless (SL) systems. Twenty‐four greenhouses were selected following strict criteria in order to reduce the influence of environmental conditions and accurately and realistically reflect commercial production systems.RESULTS: The soil (O and LI) systems provided higher Ca and Mg concentrations than the SL system. In addition, fruit colour was favourably evaluated in green and red peppers from both soil systems. In contrast, SL fruits showed higher firmness in the green stage (related to higher flesh thickness). All fruit parameters that were affected by the cropping system were also affected by the harvesting time.CONCLUSION: The main differences as regards the mineral composition and sensory attributes of the resulting fruit were observed between the soil (O and LI) and SL systems. The benefits of O peppers with respect to LI fruits could only be described as an absence of pesticide residues. Harvesting time can affect fruit composition and quality to a greater extent than cropping system. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure analysis of tribofilms generated by highly efficient, friction‐reducing additive in water–polyglycol–glycol lubricant
Authors: Ma Haibing , Peng Lulu , Liang Peipei , Qiao Rui , Ren Tianhui 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe development of environment‐friendly lubricant additives can make a valuable contribution to addressing human health and energy problems. In the present work, the compound ammonium tetrathiomolybdate was synthesised and used as a highly efficient, friction‐reducing additive in water–polyglycol–glycol lubricants. Its tribological properties were tested by a four‐ball machine, and the composition of the tribofilm was identified by X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The tribological test results indicated that the additive cannot only reduce the friction coefficient value, but can also shorten the rubbing time needed to produce a ‘stable friction coefficient value’. The XANES results showed that the tribofilm is mainly composed of an adsorbed layer and a tribochemical layer; the formation of sulphate and molybdenum trioxide in the tribofilm on the metal wear surface is responsible for the excellent anti‐friction performances of the additive. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyaline inclusion myopathy: Unmasked by statin therapy
Authors: Supala‐Berger Agnes , Fine Edward , Heffner Reid , Young‐McLain Eufrosina 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe report a case of a patient with history of alcohol abuse, treatment for hepatitis C and repeated strenuous physical activity who developed severe muscle pain and weakness during statin therapy. The symptoms persisted after discontinuation of the drug. The diagnosis of myopathy was made clinically and by electromyography. As his symptoms persisted a muscle biopsy was performed which showed inclusions consistent with hyaline inclusions. Hyaline inclusion myopathy is discussed in the context of this case with review of the literature. Muscle Nerve, 2009
The homotopy analysis method to solve the modified equal width wave equation
Authors: Yusufoğlu Elçin , Selam Cevad 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn this article, to solve the modified equal width wave (MEW) equation, the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is proposed. The initial approximation can be freely chosen with possible unknown constant, which can be determined by using the boundary and initial conditions. The HAM contains the auxiliary parameter ℏ, which provides us to adjust and control the convergence region of solution series with a simple way. Three conservative quantities are reported. Numerical results show that this method is a promising and powerful tool to solve the MEW equation. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
New graduates' medication rounds: an improvement in practice
Authors: Hall Cath , Madsen Loren 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe authors know of two recent deaths related to medicine (or drug) errors. New graduates of nursing administer medicines as a large part of their role, and medicine administration error is well documented. A plan was developed to address these errors in one acute care setting; this included a review of the literature, analysis of reported error, a focus group, a new graduate survey and evaluation. Three supervised medicine rounds, a practice oral medicine assessment and checking of graduates' charts was implemented. Comparison data (2007 and 2008) revealed a decrease in the number of medicine errors. Future graduates will be included in all phases of this evolving practice development, which has increased the effectiveness of patient care by decreasing potential harm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel phosphorus‐containing copolyester with low melting temperature and high flame retardancy
Authors: Jing Xin‐Ke , Ge Xin‐Guo , Xiang Xing , Wang Chuan , Sun Zhe , Chen Li , Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The increasing uses of non‐woven fabrics need the development of a kind of novel flame‐retardant polyester with low melting temperature. Neopentyl glycol (NPG) and 3‐(hydroxyphenylphosphinyl)propionic acid (HPPPA) were used as the third and fourth comonomer to synthesize phosphorus‐containing poly[(ethylene terephthalate)‐co‐(neopentyl terephthalate)] (PENT) with both flame retardancy and low melting temperature.RESULTS: The chemical structure of PENT was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 31P NMR spectroscopy. PENT displays a monomodal gel permeation chromatography curve. When the content of NPG was kept at 10 wt% and the content of HPPPA increased to 5 wt%, the melting temperature (Tm) of the resulting PENT5/10 decreases to 171.2 °C, a 34.6 °C decrease compared to that of PENT0/10 (containing no HPPPA). The flammability of the PENTs was characterized with the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, the UL‐94 vertical test and the cone calorimeter test. The incorporation of HPPPA can significantly improve the flame retardancy of the PENTs, the LOI values of the PENTs increasing from 24.4 to 37.6, as the loading of HPPPA increases from 0 to 5 wt%.CONCLUSION: The PENTs possess both low melting temperatures and excellent flame retardancy. HPPPA can be used as fourth comonomer to improve the flame retardancy of the PENTs, while decreasing the Tm value of the copolyester. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomic analysis of mitochondria from Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Li Jing , Cai Tanxi , Wu Peng , Cui Ziyou , Chen Xiulan , Hou Junjie , Xie Zhensheng , Xue Peng , Shi Linan , Liu Pingsheng , Yates John R. , Yang Fuquan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMitochondria play essential roles in cell physiological processes including energy production, metabolism, ion homeostasis, cell growth, aging and apoptosis. Proteomic strategies have been applied to the study of mitochondria since 1998; these studies have yielded decisive information about the diverse physiological functions of the organelle. As an ideal model biological system, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been widely used in the study of several diseases, such as metabolic diseases and cancer. However, the mitochondrial proteome of C. elegans remains elusive. In this study, we purified mitochondria from C. elegans and performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis using the shotgun proteomic approach. A total of 1117 proteins have been identified with at least two unique peptides. Their physicochemical and functional characteristics, subcellular locations, related biological processes, and associations with human diseases, especially Parkinson's disease, are discussed. An orthology comparison was also performed between C. elegans and four other model organisms for a general depiction of the conservation of mitochondrial proteins during evolution. This study will provide new clues for understanding the role of mitochondria in the physiological and pathological processes of C. elegans.
Annual Spring Meeting of the Proteomics Standards Initiative
Authors: Orchard Sandra , Deutsch Eric W. , Binz Pierre‐Alain , Jones Andrew R. , Creasy David , Montechi‐Palazzi Luisa , Corthals Garry , Hermjakob Henning 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe Human Proteome Organization Proteomics Standards Initiative has produced reporting requirements and data interchange formats for the proteomics community. The implementation of these increasingly mature formats was the main focus of this meeting, with extensions being made to many schema to enable encoding of new data types. The endorsement of the proteomics standards initiative standards by an increasing number of journals is a main driving force behind tool development and a recognized need to ease the process of data deposition into the public domain for the bench scientist.
Membranes from poly(aryl ether)‐based ionomers containing multiblock segments of randomly distributed nanoclusters of 18 sulfonic acid groups
Authors: Tian Shuanghong , Meng Yuezhong , Hay Allan S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMultiblock copolymers 1a (Mn = 31,500–47,400) of sulfonated poly(aryl ether)s were synthesized by polycondensation of 4,4′‐difluorobenzophenone (DFBP), bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)sulfone (BHPS), and an hydroxy‐terminated sulfonated oligomer, which was synthesized from DFBP and 2,2′,3,3′,5,5′‐hexaphenyl‐4,4′‐dihydroxybiphenyl a. The copolymerization of trimeric monomer b with DFBP and BHPS gave a series of copolymers 1b (Mn = 26,200–45,900). The copolymers were then sulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid to give ionomers 3a with hydrophilic multiblock segments and ionomers 3b with segments containing clusters of 18 sulfonic acid groups. The proton exchange membranes cast from ionomers 3a and 3b were characterized with regard to thermal stability, water uptake, proton conductivity, and morphology. Transmission electron microscopy images of 3a‐1 and 3b‐1 revealed a phase separation similar to that of Nafion that may explain their higher proton conductivities compared with randomly sulfonated copolymers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4762–4773, 2009
Laboratory trials of fatty acids as repellents or antifeedants against houseflies, horn flies and stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Mullens Bradley A , Reifenrath William G , Butler Sarah M 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Straight‐chain, saturated fatty acids (particularly C8, C9 and C10) have some known behavioral effects on insects such as mosquitoes, and were tested in combination for potential repellency/antifeedant activity in bioassays against three significant muscoid flies of medical/veterinary importance: houseflies, horn flies and stable flies.RESULTS: Mixtures of C8, C9 and C10 (1:1:1; 15% total actives in formulation) were highly repellent to houseflies and horn flies at or below 1 mg formulation cm−2. Repellency time varied from < 1 day for houseflies to usually at least 3 days for horn flies. Individual longer‐chain‐length fatty acids were tested, and C11 repelled houseflies for up to 5–8 days, while C12 lasted 2 days. Minimum statistically significant repellency levels of the C8, C9 and C10 mixture (3 h after application) against horn flies were 0.06–0.12 mg cm−2. A liquid formulation of the 15% C8, C9 and C10 mixture in a silicone oil carrier (at 2.8 mg AI cm−2) was highly repellent against hungry stable flies in a blood‐feeding membrane bioassay for at least 8 h.CONCLUSION: The low toxicity and reasonable activity and persistence of these carboxylic acids make them good candidates for development as protective materials against pest flies in livestock settings. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Horizontal potential vorticity dipoles on the convective storm scale
Authors: Chagnon J. M. , Gray S. L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe structure and dynamics of potential vorticity (PV) anomalies generated by convective storms is investigated both theoretically and in a numerical model case study. Linear theory suggests that if the storm‐induced heating is on a sufficiently small scale (relative to the Rossby radius of deformation), and the environment contains moderate vertical wind shear (of order 1 m s−1 km−1), then the dominant mode of a diabatically generated PV anomaly is a horizontally oriented dipole. The horizontal dipoles are typically of 𝒪(10 PVU), compared with the 𝒪(1 PVU) vertical dipoles that have been studied extensively throughout the literature. Furthermore, the horizontal PV dipoles are realized almost entirely as relative vorticity anomalies (on a time‐scale of the order of tens of minutes after the heating has been turned on). The analysis of horizontal PV dipoles offers a new perspective on the vorticity dynamics of individual convective cells, implying that moist processes play a role in the maintenance of vertical vorticity in the convective storm environment. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Fragmentation pathways of 2,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dinitrobutane cations in the gas phase
Authors: Paine Martin R. L. , Kirk Benjamin B. , Ellis‐Steinborner Simon , Blanksby Stephen J. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract2,3‐Dimethyl‐2,3‐dinitrobutane (DMNB) is an explosive taggant added to plastic explosives during manufacture making them more susceptible to vapour‐phase detection systems. In this study, the formation and detection of gas‐phase [M+H]+, [M+Li]+, [M+NH4]+ and [M+Na]+ adducts of DMNB was achieved using electrospray ionisation on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The [M+H]+ ion abundance was found to have a strong dependence on ion source temperature, decreasing markedly at source temperatures above 50°C. In contrast, the [M+Na]+ ion demonstrated increasing ion abundance at source temperatures up to 105°C. The relative susceptibility of DMNB adduct ions toward dissociation was investigated by collision‐induced dissociation. Probable structures of product ions and mechanisms for unimolecular dissociation have been inferred based on fragmentation patterns from tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra of source‐formed ions of normal and isotopically labelled DMNB, and quantum chemical calculations. Both thermal and collisional activation studies suggest that the [M+Na]+ adduct ions are significantly more stable toward dissociation than their protonated analogues and, as a consequence, the former provide attractive targets for detection by contemporary rapid screening methods such as desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2009 Commonwealth of Australia. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of 8‐epi PGF2α concentrations as a biomarker of oxidative stress using triple‐stage liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Bastani Nasser E. , Gundersen Thomas E. , Blomhoff Rune 
Published: August 2009

AbstractF2‐isoprostanes are a family of prostaglandin F2‐like compounds that are formed by free‐radical‐catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid. Several F2‐isoprostanes, but in particular 8‐epi PGF2α, are widely used as oxidative stress biomarkers. An analytical method based on liquid chromatography with negative electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC/MS/MS) was developed for the determination of 8‐epi PGF2α concentrations in human plasma, whole blood, erythrocytes and urine. 8‐epi PGF2α‐d4, a stable isotope derivative of 8‐epi PGF2α, was used as an internal standard (IS). A 50 µL sample was focused on‐column and separated on two 3 µm particle size SUPELCOSIL™ ABZ+Plus HPLC columns (15 cm × 4.6 mm and 7.5 cm × 4.6 mm) connected in series. An Applied Biosystems 4000 Q TRAP LC/MS/MS system with ESI was operated in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with the precursor‐to‐product ion transitions m/z 353.4 → 193.1 (8‐epi PGF2α), 357.4 → 197.1 (8‐epi PGF2α‐d4), used for quantification. The assay was fully validated and found to have adequate accuracy, precision, linearity, sensitivity and selectivity. The mass limit of detection (mLOD) was 1 pg of analyte eluting from the column. The assay has been successfully applied to the analysis of human plasma, whole blood, erythrocytes and urine samples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.