bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixotrophic culture enhances fucoxanthin production in the haptophyte Pavlova gyrans
Authors: Yoshida Erina , Kato Yuichi , Kanamoto Akihiko , Kondo Akihiko , Hasunuma Tomohisa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a versatile substance in the food and pharmaceutical industries owing to its excellent antioxidant and anti-obesity properties. Several microalgae, including the haptophyte Pavlova spp., can produce fucoxanthin and are potential industrial fucoxanthin producers, as they lack rigid cell walls, which facilitates fucoxanthin extraction. However, the commercial application of Pavlova spp. is limited owing to insufficient biomass production. In this study, we aimed to develop a mixotrophic cultivation method to increase biomass and fucoxanthin production in Pavlova gyrans OPMS 30543X. The effects of culturing OPMS 30543X with different organic carbon sources, glycerol concentrations, mixed-nutrient conditions, and light intensities on the consumption of organic carbon sources, biomass production, and fucoxanthin accumulation were analyzed. Several organic carbon sources, such as glycerol, glucose, sucrose, and acetate, were examined, revealing that glycerol was well-consumed by the microalgae. Biomass and fucoxanthin production by OPMS 30543X increased in the presence of 10 mM glycerol compared to that observed without glycerol. Metabolomic analysis revealed higher levels of the metabolites related to the glycolytic, Calvin–Benson–Bassham, and tricarboxylic acid cycles under mixotrophic conditions than under autotrophic conditions. Cultures grown under mixotrophic conditions with a light intensity of 100 µmol photons m−2 s−1 produced more fucoxanthin than autotrophic cultures. Notably, the amount of fucoxanthin produced (18.9 mg/L) was the highest reported thus far for Pavlova species. In conclusion, the use of mixotrophic culture is a promising strategy for increasing fucoxanthin production in Pavlova species.

Key points
• Glycerol enhances biomass and fucoxanthin production in Pavlova gyrans
• Metabolite levels increase under mixotrophic conditions
• Mixotrophic conditions and medium-light intensity are appropriate for P. gyrans
Robotic-assisted patellofemoral arthroplasty provides excellent implant survivorship and high patient satisfaction at mid-term follow-up
Authors: Pacchiarotti Giacomo , Todesca Alessandro , Coppola Michele , Gumina Stefano 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Robotic adoption in knee surgery has yielded several benefits, but its application in patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) remains barely reported. The purpose of this study was to determine implant survival, patient satisfaction, and functional outcomes after robotic-assisted PFA at an intermediate follow-up.

Methods
This prospective analysis targeted 18 knees of 16 consecutive patients who underwent robot-aided PFA with three-year minimum follow-up (range, 3 to 6 years). Each patient was evaluated collecting pre-operative and post-operative medical record data, including range of motion, radiographic images, and multiple scores, such as VAS, APKS, and OKS.

Results
At surgery, the mean age was 55.4 years ± 14.4 (range, 32 to 78 years), and the mean BMI was 26.8 kg/m² ±5.2 (range, 20 to 36). Etiologies of patellofemoral osteoarthritis included idiopathic degeneration (28%), post-traumatic (33%), and dysplasia (39%). Pre-implantation scores were VAS 7.9 ± 1.4, AKPS 34.6 ± 23.3, and OKS 17.3 ± 10.3. One implant was revised with primary total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis progression. Clinical and radiographic follow-up showed no signs of loosening or infection. The maximum flexion reached an average of 131.1°±10.5° (range, 110° to 145°), accompanied by significantly improved score results (P-value < 0.01): VAS 1.1 ± 1.4, AKPS 90.2 ± 8.6, and OKS 46.3 ± 1.8.

Conclusions
At 3 years after robotic assisted patellofemoral arthroplasty, excellent implant survival and patient satisfaction rates can be expected along with significantly improved functional and pain control outcomes. Although the limitations imposed by the restricted cohort, these findings indicate that robotic assistance in PFA is both safe and effective at intermediate follow-up.
Genicular Artery embolisation in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee (GENESIS) Using Permanent Microspheres: Long-Term Results
Authors: Little M. W. , O’Grady A. , Briggs J. , Gibson M. , Speirs A. , Al-Rekabi A. , Yoong P. , Ariyanayagam T. , Davies N. , Tayton E. , Tavares S. , MacGill S. , McLaren C. , Harrison R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To report the 2-year follow-up of patients with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis (OA) treated with genicular artery embolisation (GAE) as part of the GENESIS study.

Materials and methods
Forty-six patients, median age = 60 (45–83) underwent GAE using permanent microspheres (100–300 μm). Technical success was defined as embolisation of the targeted genicular arteries. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (0–100 mm) were recorded at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, 1, 2 years. Contrast-enhanced MRI knee scans were acquired at baseline and 1 year, and evaluated with the Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS). Functional MRI brain imaging and psychometric assessments were undertaken to investigate correlation between neuropsychological phenotypes and clinical outcome. Adverse events were recorded prospectively.

Results
Technical success was achieved in forty patients (87%). Mean VAS improved from 58.63 (SD = 20.57, 95% CI 52.7–65.5) at baselines to 37.7 at 2-years (SD = 26.3, 95% CI 27.0–47.5). Whole and subgroup KOOS were significantly improved at each timepoint with associated reductions in analgesia usage. WORMS analysis demonstrated significant reduction in synovitis (p < 0.05) with no cases of osteonecrosis. Self-limiting skin discolouration occurred in four patients. A self-limiting groin haematoma and single case of deep-vein thrombosis due to immobilisation were also recorded. Nine patients subsequently underwent knee arthroplasty with no additional operational complexities identified. Neuropsychometric assessment elucidated a correlation between baseline catastrophising and greater reduction in pain post GAE.

Conclusion
GAE is a safe intervention for mild-moderate knee osteoarthritis, with sustained efficacy at 2 years. These results are promising and justify ongoing controlled trials.

Graphical Abstract
The first ensemble of kilometer-scale simulations of a hydrological year over the third pole
Authors: Collier Emily , Ban Nikolina , Richter Niklas , Ahrens Bodo , Chen Deliang , Chen Xingchao , Lai Hui-Wen , Leung Ruby , Li Lu , Medvedova Alzbeta , Ou Tinghai , Pothapakula Praveen Kumar , Potter Emily , Prein Andreas F. , Sakaguchi Koichi , Schroeder Marie , Singh Prashant , Sobolowski Stefan , Sugimoto Shiori , Tang Jianping , Yu Hongyong , Ziska Catharina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn accurate understanding of the current and future water cycle over the Third Pole is of great societal importance, given the role this region plays as a water tower for densely populated areas downstream. An emerging and promising approach for skillful climate assessments over regions of complex terrain is kilometer-scale climate modeling. As a foundational step towards such simulations over the Third Pole, we present a multi-model and multi-physics ensemble of kilometer-scale regional simulations for the hydrological year of October 2019 to September 2020. The ensemble consists of 13 simulations performed by an international consortium of 10 research groups, configured with a horizontal grid spacing ranging from 2.2 to 4 km covering all of the Third Pole region. These simulations are driven by ERA5 and are part of a Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling EXperiment Flagship Pilot Study on Convection-Permitting Third Pole. The simulations are compared against available gridded and in-situ observations and remote-sensing data, to assess the performance and spread of the model ensemble compared to the driving reanalysis during the cold and warm seasons. Although ensemble evaluation is hindered by large differences between the gridded precipitation datasets used as a reference over this region, we show that the ensemble improves on many warm-season precipitation metrics compared with ERA5, including most wet-day and hour statistics, and also adds value in the representation of wet spells in both seasons. As such, the ensemble will provide an invaluable resource for future improvements in the process understanding of the hydroclimate of this remote but important region.
The most common skin symptoms in young adults and adults related to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection
Authors: Zaborska Monika , Chruszcz Maksymilan , Sadowski Jakub , Klaudel Tomasz , Pelczarski Michał , Sztangreciak-Lehun Anna , Bułdak Rafał Jakub 
Published: May 2024

AbstractScientists from various areas of the world indicate in their studies that skin lesions occur in the course of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This article is a review of the most frequently described cutaneous manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and the potential pathophysiology of their development, as well as information on abnormalities in histopathological tests. The article describes the impact of some factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the exacerbation of chronic dermatological diseases. This work was constructed on the basis of 142 research studies, reviews, and meta-analyses, focusing on the methods and materials used in individual works as well as the results and conclusions resulting from them. Some skin lesions may be a potential prognostic marker of the course of the disease and may also be a prodromal symptom or the only symptom of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate some chronic dermatological diseases. A correlation was observed between the type of skin lesions and the patient’s age. The occurrence of skin diseases may also be influenced by drugs used to treat infections caused by SARS-CoV-2. A relationship was observed between the patient’s ethnic origin and skin lesions occurring in the course of COVID-19. There is a need to further diagnose the cutaneous manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to learn the detailed pathomechanism of their occurrence in order to better understand the essence of the disease and find an appropriate treatment method.
Motor and non-motor outcome in tremor dominant Parkinson’s disease after MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy
Authors: Purrer Veronika , Pohl Emily , Borger Valeri , Weiland Hannah , Boecker Henning , Schmeel Frederic Carsten , Wüllner Ullrich 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background and objectives
Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) is an emerging technique for the treatment of severe, medication-refractory tremor syndromes. We here report motor and non-motor outcomes 6 and 12 months after unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy in tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease (tdPD).

Methods
25 patients with tdPD underwent neuropsychological evaluation including standardized questionnaires of disability, quality of life (QoL), mood, anxiety, apathy, sleep disturbances, and cognition at baseline, 6 and 12 months after MRgFUS. Motor outcome was evaluated using the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST) and Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). In addition, side effects and QoL of family caregivers were assessed.

Results
12 months after MRgFUS significant improvements were evident in the tremor subscores. Patients with concomitant rest and postural tremor showed better tremor outcomes compared to patients with predominant rest tremor. There were no differences in the non-motor assessments. No cognitive decline was observed. Side effects were mostly transient (54%) and classified as mild (62%). No changes in the caregivers' QoL could be observed.

Conclusion
We found no changes in mood, anxiety, apathy, sleep, cognition or persistent worsening of gait disturbances after unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy in tdPD. Concomitant postural tremors responded better to treatment than predominant rest tremors.
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS): prevalence and characteristics in adults with migraine
Authors: Fitzek Mira P. , Mecklenburg Jasper , Overeem Lucas H. , Lange Kristin S. , Siebert Anke , Triller Paul , Neeb Lars , Dreier Jens P. , Kondziella Daniel , Reuter Uwe , Raffaelli Bianca 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS) is a sensory disorder characterized by a distorted somatosensory and/or visual perception. Additionally, distortion of time perception and symptoms of derealization/depersonalization may occur. AIWS is frequently associated with migraine. However, its prevalence, and clinical characteristics remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the prevalence and features of AIWS in individuals with migraine. We hypothesized AIWS is more frequent in migraine patients with aura than in those without aura.

Methods
This was a prospective cross-sectional cohort study, conducted at a tertiary headache center. Participants with migraine filled out questionnaires, providing details on demographics, headache, AIWS characteristics and the occurrence of transient visual phenomena such as fragmented vision.

Results
Of 808 migraine patients, 133 individuals (16.5%, mean age 44.4 ± 13.3 years, 87% women) reported AIWS symptoms throughout their lives. Micro- and/or telopsia (72.9%) were most frequent, followed by micro- and/or macrosomatognosia (49.6%), and macro- and/or pelopsia (38.3%), lasting on average half an hour. AIWS symptoms occurred in association with headache in 65.1% of individuals, and 53.7% had their first AIWS episode at the age of 18 years or earlier. Migraine patients with aura were more likely to report AIWS symptoms than those without aura (19.5% vs. 14.1%, p = 0.04). Participants with AIWS reported a higher incidence of 17 out of the 22 investigated visual phenomena.

Conclusion
AIWS symptoms appear to be a common lifetime phenomenon in migraine patients. The correlation and clinical parallels between AIWS and migraine aura could indicate shared underlying pathomechanisms.
Central and peripheral haemodynamics at exercise onset: the role of central command
Authors: Giuriato Gaia , Ives Stephen J. , Tarperi Cantor , Bortolan Lorenzo , Ruzzante Federico , Cevese Antonio , Schena Federico , Venturelli Massimo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The involvement of central command in central hemodynamic regulation during exercise is relatively well-known, although its contribution to peripheral hemodynamics at the onset of low-intensity contractions is debated. This study sought to examine central and peripheral hemodynamics during electrically-evoked muscle contractions (without central command) and voluntary muscle activity (with central command).

Methods
Cyclic quadriceps isometric contractions (1 every second), either electrically-evoked (ES; 200 ms trains composed of 20 square waves) or performed voluntarily (VC), were executed by 10 healthy males (26 ± 3 years). In both trials, matched for force output, peripheral and central hemodynamics were analysed.

Results
At exercise onset, both ES and VC exhibited equal peaks of femoral blood flow (1276 ± 849 vs. 1117 ± 632 ml/min, p > 0.05) and vascular conductance (15 ± 11 vs. 13 ± 7 ml/min/mmHg, p > 0.05), respectively. Similar peaks of heart rate (86 ± 16 bpm vs. 85 ± 16 bpm), stroke volume (100 ± 20 vs. 99 ± 27 ml), cardiac output (8.2 ± 2.5 vs. 8.5 ± 2.1 L/min), and mean arterial pressure (113 ± 13 vs. 113 ± 3 mmHg), were recorded (all, p > 0.05). After ~ 50 s, all the variables drifted to lower values. Collectively, the hemodynamics showed equal responses.

Conclusion
These results suggest a similar pathway for the initial (first 40 s) increase in central and peripheral hemodynamics. The parallel responses may suggest an initial minimal central command involvement during the onset of low-intensity contractions, likely associated with a neural drive activation delay or threshold.
Bowel function in a prospective cohort of 1052 healthy term infants up to 4 months of age
Authors: Solasaari Terhi , Korpela Katri , Lommi Sohvi , Hyvönen Sanni , Gardemeister Susanna , Merras-Salmio Laura , Salonen Anne , de Vos Willem M. , Kolho Kaija-Leena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to describe the defecation pattern of healthy infants up to 17 weeks of age. We included 1052 healthy term infants from the prospective HELMi cohort (NCT03996304). Parents filled in recurring online questionnaires on feeding, gastrointestinal function, and crying weekly for the first 17 weeks of life. Defecation frequency was highest at the age of 3 weeks (a median of 4 times/day, interquartile range (IQR) 2.9–5). At each time point, the median defecation frequency of breastfed infants was higher than that of infants receiving formula (e.g., at week 17 a median of 2 times/day, IQR 0.9–3.6, and a median of 1.1, IQR 0.6–1.4, respectively). The dominant color of the stool was most often yellow or light brown. Nearly black stools were reported in the first week of life in 3.4%. Nearly half (47.4%) of the infants had green stool color dominating for at least 1 week, with comparable frequency among breastfed (47.7%) and formula-fed (45.2%) infants. Green stools were associated with a higher defecation frequency (linear mixed-effect model p < 0.0001). Occasional blood in stool was reported in 9.3% and recurrent blood in 5.2% of the infants with no difference in stool consistency. Hard stools were rare (≤ 1%). Conclusion: This study enlightens the spectrum of defecation patterns in healthy term infants during the first 17 weeks of life. A better understanding of bowel function helps healthcare professionals distinguish normal from abnormal when addressing defecation, the color of stools, and the type of feeding.

What is Known:• Breastfed infants have more frequent and more yellow-colored stools than formula-fed infants.• Stools with green color are often suggested by the parents or even by medical professionals to indicate disease or discomfort in early life.

What is New:• Nearly half of the healthy term infants had green stool dominating for at least one week during the first 17 weeks and occasional blood was reported in almost 10% of the infants during this period.• Data on normal variation in bowel function and stool may serve primary health care professionals when educating the families and caretakers of infants.
Detection and classification of photovoltaic module defects based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Shaban Warda M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhotovoltaic (PV) system performance and reliability can be improved through the detection of defects in PV modules and the evaluation of their effects on system operation. In this paper, a novel system is proposed to detect and classify defects based on electroluminescence (EL) images. This system is called Fault Detection and Classification (FDC) and splits into four modules, which are (1) Image Preprocessing Module (IPM), (2) Feature Extraction Module (FEM), (3) Feature Selection Module (FSM), and (4) Classification Module (CM). In the first module (i.e., IPM), the EL images are preprocessed to enhance the quality of the images. Next, the two types of features in these images are extracted and fused together through FEM. Then, during FSM, the most important and informative features are extracted from these features using a new feature selection methodology, namely, Feature Selection-based Chaotic Map (FS-CM). FS-CM consists of two stages: filter stage using chi-square to initially select the most effective features and a modified selection stage using an enhanced version of Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA). In fact, BOA is a popular swarm-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm that has only recently found success. While BOA has many benefits, it also has some drawbacks, including a smaller population and an increased likelihood of getting stuck in a local optimum. In this paper, a new methodology is proposed to improve the performance of BOA, called chaotic-based butterfly optimization algorithm. Finally, these selected features are used to feed the proposed classification model through CM. During CM, Hybrid Classification Model (HCM) is proposed. HCM consists of two stages, which are binary classification stage using Naïve Bayes (NB) and multi-class classification stage using enhanced multi-layer perceptron. According to the experimental results, the proposed system FDC outperforms the most recent methods. FDC introduced 98.2%, 89.23%, 87.2%, 87.9%, 87.55%, and 88.20% in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, g-mean, and f-measure in the same order.
The Quadratic Minimum Spanning Tree Problem: Lower Bounds via Extended Formulations
Authors: Sotirov Renata , Verchére Zoe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe quadratic minimum spanning tree problem (QMSTP) is the problem of finding a spanning tree of a graph such that the total interaction cost between pairs of edges in the tree is minimized. We first show that the bounding approaches for the QMSTP in the literature are closely related. Then, we exploit an extended formulation for the minimum spanning tree problem to derive a sequence of relaxations for the QMSTP with increasing complexity and quality. The resulting relaxations differ from the relaxations in the literature. Namely, our relaxations have a polynomial number of constraints and can be efficiently solved by a cutting plane algorithm. Moreover our bounds outperform most of the bounds from the literature.
Polarized consensus-based dynamics for optimization and sampling
Authors: Bungert Leon , Roith Tim , Wacker Philipp 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper we propose polarized consensus-based dynamics in order to make consensus-based optimization (CBO) and sampling (CBS) applicable for objective functions with several global minima or distributions with many modes, respectively. For this, we “polarize” the dynamics with a localizing kernel and the resulting model can be viewed as a bounded confidence model for opinion formation in the presence of common objective. Instead of being attracted to a common weighted mean as in the original consensus-based methods, which prevents the detection of more than one minimum or mode, in our method every particle is attracted to a weighted mean which gives more weight to nearby particles. We prove that in the mean-field regime the polarized CBS dynamics are unbiased for Gaussian targets. We also prove that in the zero temperature limit and for sufficiently well-behaved strongly convex objectives the solution of the Fokker–Planck equation converges in the Wasserstein-2 distance to a Dirac measure at the minimizer. Finally, we propose a computationally more efficient generalization which works with a predefined number of clusters and improves upon our polarized baseline method for high-dimensional optimization.
Mortality models ensemble via Shapley value
Authors: Bimonte Giovanna , Russolillo Maria , Shang Han Lin , Yang Yang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractModel averaging techniques in the actuarial literature aim to forecast future longevity appropriately by combining forecasts derived from various models. This approach often yields more accurate predictions than those generated by a single model. The key to enhancing forecast accuracy through model averaging lies in identifying the optimal weights from a finite sample. Utilizing sub-optimal weights in computations may adversely impact the accuracy of the model-averaged longevity forecasts. By proposing a game-theoretic approach employing Shapley values for weight selection, our study clarifies the distinct impact of each model on the collective predictive outcome. This analysis not only delineates the importance of each model in decision-making processes, but also provides insight into their contribution to the overall predictive performance of the ensemble.