bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Fermentation von Sauerkraut. Das Experiment
Authors: Keßler Kai , Kunz Peter M. , Sommer Isabell 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDer Artikel behandelt die Herstellung von Sauerkraut und liefert Hintergrundinformationen zu diesem Thema. Darüber hinaus werden Möglichkeiten zur Prozessverfolgung und Qualitätsüberprüfung aufgeführt. Im weiteren Verlauf wird auf die Veranschaulichung und Bestimmung der Wachstumskinetik nach Monod eingegangen. Der Artikel kann als Praktikumsvorlage für Versuche in Schule und Studium herangezogen werden.
100 Jahre “Vogelwarte Helgoland”
Authors: Bairlein Franz 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAm 1. April 1910 wurde das heutige Institut für Vogelforschung als “Vogelwarte Helgoland” auf Helgoland gegründet. Seit 1947 befindet sich das Institut in Wilhelmshaven und ist seither ein außeruniversitäres Forschungsinstitut des Landes Niedersachsen. Der Kunstmaler Heinrich Gätke (1814–1897) hat als erster auf die Bedeutung Helgolands für den Vogelzug aufmerksam gemacht und mit seinem 1891 erschienenen Buch “Die Vogelwarte Helgoland” sowie seiner umfangreichen Vogelsammlung den Anstoß für die Gründung der Forschungsstation gegeben.
Überraschungsfund im Botanischen Garten
Authors: Schneckenburger Stefan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDurch die Medien geistern immer wieder Geschichten über ein Rembrandt‐Gemälde auf dem Speicher oder eine Gutenbergbibel im Bücherregal. Nicht ganz so hoch kann ein Pflanzenfund im Botanischen Garten der Technischen Universität Darmstadt eingeschätzt werden – dennoch ist die Entdeckung des Palmfarms Dioon caputoi bemerkenswert und auch unter Artenschutzaspekten bedeutsam.
Thiotimolin und Reproduktion von Tribbles (Polytrichon oviformis)
Authors: Schneider Thomas , Haink Nina 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDurch die Verabreichung von Thiotimolin gelang eine experimentelle Generationszeitverkürzung bei Tribbles (Polytrichon oviformis), die zur Vermehrung der Tiere bereits vor der Reproduktion führt. Experimente weisen darauf hin, dass hierfür ein bisher unbekannter Thiotimolin‐Protein‐Komplex verantwortlich ist.
Characterization of the Excited States of Indigo Derivatives in their Reduced Forms
Authors: Rondão Raquel , Seixas de Melo J. Sérgio , Voss Gundula 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA comprehensive characterization of the electronic spectral and photophysical properties of the leuco (reduced) form of several indigo derivatives, including indigo and Tyrian Purple, with di‐, tetra‐, and hexa‐substitution, was obtained in solution. The characterization involves absorption, fluorescence, and triplet–triplet absorption spectra, together with quantitative measurements of quantum yields of fluorescence, ϕF (0.46–0.04), intersystem crossing, ϕT (0.013–0.034), internal conversion, ϕIC, and the corresponding lifetimes. The position and degree of substitution promote differences in the spectral and photophysical properties displayed by the investigated leuco derivatives. The ϕF values are about two orders of magnitude higher than those previously obtained for the corresponding keto forms. Also in contrast with the behavior found for the keto forms, the S1∼∼→T1 intersystem crossing is an efficient route for the excited‐state deactivation channel. These findings strengthen the fact that, in contrast to keto indigo where the internal conversion dominates the deactivation of the excited‐state, with leuco indigo (and derivatives), the excited state deactivation involves competition between internal conversion, triplet state formation, and fluorescence. A time‐resolved investigation of one of the compounds in glycerol showed the presence of a photoisomerization process.
Mere odor exposure learning in the rat neonate immediately after birth and 1 day later
Authors: Miller Stacie S. , Spear Norman E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRat pups are more resistant to retroactive associative interference 3 hr after birth than 24 hr later [Cheslock et al. [2004] Developmental Science, 7, 581–598]. The present experiments tested the effect of age, retention interval and dam presence during the retention interval on odor‐induced motor activity subsequent to mere odor exposure. Rats were exposed to an hour of odor immediately after birth or approximately 1 day later and tested after a given retention interval (3 or 27 hr [Exp 1]; 0, 30, 75, or 180 min [Exp. 2]). They spent the retention interval either in the presence or absence of a foster dam (Exp. 1 and 3). After the retention interval, pups were tested in a 4‐min activity test including a 2‐min baseline period and 2 min of odor exposure. Overall activity was scored during tape‐playback. Odor‐exposed pups were more active than nonexposed pups during reexposure to the odor during testing, but this was true only for P0 pups. In contrast, P1 pups without prior odor exposure were active during testing and behaviorally quieted in the presence of the odor they were previously exposed to. Though 1 day apart, newborn rats just hours old lack many of the experiences that a 1‐day‐old has had including nursing, huddling, and being groomed. These experiences are associated with, among other stimuli, a barrage of olfactory cues (e.g., colostrum, saliva, dander, feces, and urine). P0 and P1 pups also differ in their proximity from the birthing experience and associated neurochemical changes. The age‐related pattern of responding to odors based on previous odor exposure was discussed in relation to these and other possibilities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 343–351, 2010.
Pyridazine‐Based Ligands and Their Coordinating Ability towards First‐Row Transition Metals
Authors: Grünwald Katrin R. , Saischek Gerald , Volpe Manuel , Belaj Ferdinand , Mösch‐Zanetti Nadia C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTridentate pyridazine ligands with two different substituents at the 3‐ and 6‐positions (pyridyl hydrazone at the 3‐position and tolyl 3tol or tert‐butyl 3tBu at the 6‐position) were prepared in high yields from 3,6‐disubstituted pyridazine hydrazines and pyridine aldehyde by Schiff base condensation. This provides a facile entry into a novel class of heterocyclic molecules exhibiting interesting coordinating abilities. They react with first‐row transition metal nitrates to yield complexes of the type [ML2](NO3)2 (L = 3tol; M = Co 4, M = Ni 5, M = Zn 7) and [ML(NO3)2] (L = 3tol, M = Cu 6; L = 3tBu, M = Ni 8, M = Cu 9, M = Zn 10) as crystalline solids. With the exception of copper compound 6 all complexes employing ligand 3tol form complexes of the ML2 type, whereas with ligand 3tBu exclusively complexes of the ML type are formed, which demonstrates the influence of the substituent at the 6‐position despite its being located far from the coordination site. This points to a pronounced electronic effect. Molecular structures of all complexes were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealing six‐coordinate metal centers in a N6 coordination sphere consisting of two ligands 3 or in a N3O3 sphere with one ligand and two nitrates in the O,‐ and O,O′‐coordination modes, respectively. Diamagnetic zinc complexes 7 and 10 were characterized in solution by 1H NMR spectroscopy. All other complexes are paramagnetic (Evans' method). The redox behavior of all complexes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, which revealed that the complexes possess the same stoichiometry in solution and in the solid state.
Quantification of taurine and amino acids in mice single fibrosarcoma cell by microchip electrophoresis coupled with chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Ye Fanggui , Huang Yong , Xu Qing , Shi Ming , Zhao Shulin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA method based on MCE coupled with chemiluminescence (CL) detection was developed for the determination of taurine (Tau) and amino acids including alanine (Ala), glycine (Gly), tryptophan (Trp), glutamic acid (Glu) and aspartic acid (Asp) present in mice single fibrosarcoma (S180) cells. Cell injection, loading, cytolysis, electrophoretic separation and CL detection were integrated onto a simple double‐T microfluidic chip. The intracellular constituents were electrophoretically separated within 150 s. The CL detection was based on the enhancement effects of Tau and amino acids on the CL reaction of luminol with H2O2 and Cu2+. The average amounts of Tau, Trp, Gly, Ala, Glu and Asp in per S180 cell from a cell population were 4.73, 1.23, 2.65, 1.94, 1.61 and 1.99 fmol. Ten S180 cells were analyzed, and the contents of Tau, Trp, Gly, Ala, Glu and Asp in mice single S180 cells were found to be in the range of 1.78–8.84, 0.95–2.31, 1.08–6.87, 1.03–4.05, 0.84–2.61 and 0.82–3.68 fmol, respectively. This work demonstrates that MCE coupled with CL detection is a useful analytical tool that is simple, quick and highly sensitive for single‐cell analysis.
Assessing the link between BACH1/FANCJ and MLH1 in DNA crosslink repair
Authors: Cantor Sharon B. , Xie Jenny 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFANCJ (also known as BRIP1 or BACH1) is a DNA helicase that was originally identified by its direct interaction with the hereditary breast cancer protein, BRCA1. Similar to BRCA1, FANCJ function is essential for DNA repair and breast cancer suppression. FANCJ is also mutated in the cancer prone syndrome Fanconi anemia, for which patient cells are characterized by extreme sensitivity to agents that generate DNA interstand crosslinks. Unexpectedly, correction of the interstrand crosslink sensitivity of FANCJ‐null patient cells did not require the FANCJ/BRCA1 interaction. Instead, FANCJ binding to the mismatch repair protein, MLH1 was required. Given this finding, we address the role of FANCJ and MLH1 in DNA crosslink processing and how their functions could be linked in checkpoint and/or recombination pathways. We speculate that after DNA crosslink processing and repair, the FANCJ/MLH1 interaction is critical for recovery and restart of replication. These ideas are considered and summarized in this review. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping reliability in multicenter MRI: Voxel‐based morphometry and cortical thickness
Authors: Schnack Hugo G. , van Haren Neeltje E.M. , Brouwer Rachel M. , van Baal G. Caroline M. , Picchioni Marco , Weisbrod Matthias , Sauer Heinrich , Cannon Tyrone D. , Huttunen Matti , Lepage Claude , Collins D. Louis , Evans Alan , Murray Robin M. , Kahn René S. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMulticenter structural MRI studies can have greater statistical power than single‐center studies. However, across‐center differences in contrast sensitivity, spatial uniformity, etc., may lead to tissue classification or image registration differences that could reduce or wholly offset the enhanced statistical power of multicenter data. Prior work has validated volumetric multicenter MRI, but robust methods for assessing reliability and power of multisite analyses with voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and cortical thickness measurement (CORT) are not yet available. We developed quantitative methods to investigate the reproducibility of VBM and CORT to detect group differences and estimate heritability when MRI scans from different scanners running different acquisition protocols in a multicenter setup are included. The method produces brain maps displaying information such as lowest detectable effect size (or heritability) and effective number of subjects in the multicenter study. We applied the method to a five‐site multicenter calibration study using scanners from four different manufacturers, running different acquisition protocols. The reliability maps showed an overall good comparability between the sites, providing a reasonable gain in sensitivity in most parts of the brain. In large parts of the cerebrum and cortex scan pooling improved heritability estimates, with “effective‐N” values upto the theoretical maximum. For some areas, “optimal‐pool” maps indicated that leaving out a site would give better results. The reliability maps also reveal which brain regions are in any case difficult to measure reliably (e.g., around the thalamus). These tools will facilitate the design and analysis of multisite VBM and CORT studies for detecting group differences and estimating heritability. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deontological and altruistic guilt: Evidence for distinct neurobiological substrates
Authors: Basile Barbara , Mancini Francesco , Macaluso Emiliano , Caltagirone Carlo , Frackowiak Richard S.J. , Bozzali Marco 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe feeling of guilt is a complex mental state underlying several human behaviors in both private and social life. From a psychological and evolutionary viewpoint, guilt is an emotional and cognitive function, characterized by prosocial sentiments, entailing specific moral believes, which can be predominantly driven by inner values (deontological guilt) or by more interpersonal situations (altruistic guilt). The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a distinct neurobiological substrate for these two expressions of guilt in healthy individuals. We first run two behavioral studies, recruiting a sample of 72 healthy volunteers, to validate a set of stimuli selectively evoking deontological and altruistic guilt, or basic control emotions (i.e., anger and sadness). Similar stimuli were reproduced in a event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm, to investigate the neural correlates of the same emotions, in a new sample of 22 healthy volunteers. We show that guilty emotions, compared to anger and sadness, activate specific brain areas (i.e., cingulate gyrus and medial frontal cortex) and that different neuronal networks are involved in each specific kind of guilt, with the insula selectively responding to deontological guilt stimuli. This study provides evidence for the existence of distinct neural circuits involved in different guilty feelings. This complex emotion might account for normal individual attitudes and deviant social behaviors. Moreover, an abnormal processing of specific guilt feelings might account for some psychopathological manifestation, such as obsessive‐compulsive disorder and depression. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered functional connectivity in default mode network in absence epilepsy: A resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Luo Cheng , Li Qifu , Lai Yongxiu , Xia Yang , Qin Yun , Liao Wei , Li Shasha , Zhou Dong , Yao Dezhong , Gong Qiyong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDysfunctional default mode network (DMN) has been observed in various mental disorders, including epilepsy (see review Broyd et al. [2009]: Neurosci Biobehav Rev 33:279–296). Because interictal epileptic discharges may affect DMN, resting‐state fMRI was used in this study to determine DMN functional connectivity in 14 healthy controls and 12 absence epilepsy patients. To avoid interictal epileptic discharge effects, testing was performed within interictal durations when there were no interictal epileptic discharges. Cross‐correlation functional connectivity analysis with seed at posterior cingulate cortex, as well as region‐wise calculation in DMN, revealed decreased integration within DMN in the absence epilepsy patients. Region‐wise functional connectivity among the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobe was significantly decreased in the patient group. Moreover, functional connectivity between the frontal and parietal lobe revealed a significant negative correlation with epilepsy duration. These findings indicated DMN abnormalities in patients with absence epilepsy, even during resting interictal durations without interictal epileptic discharges. Abnormal functional connectivity in absence epilepsy may reflect abnormal anatomo‐functional architectural integration in DMN, as a result of cognitive mental impairment and unconsciousness during absence seizure. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibre optic sensor for non‐invasive monitoring of blood pressure during MRI scanning
Authors: Myllylä Teemu S. , Elseoud Ahmed A. , Sorvoja Hannu S. S. , Myllylä Risto A. , Harja Juha M. , Nikkinen Juha , Tervonen Osmo , Kiviniemi Vesa 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis report focuses on designing and implementing a non‐invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measuring device capable of being used during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on measuring pulse wave velocity in arterial blood, the device uses the obtained result to estimate diastolic blood pressure. Pulse transit times are measured by two fibre optical accelerometers placed over the chest and carotid artery. The fabricated accelerometer contains two static fibres and a cantilever beam, whose free end is angled at 90 degrees to act as a reflecting surface. Optical fibres are used for both illuminating the surface and receiving the reflected light. When acceleration is applied to the sensor, it causes a deflection in the beam, thereby changing the amount of reflected light. The sensor's output voltage is proportional to the intensity of the reflected light. Tests conducted on the electronics and sensors inside an MRI room during scanning proved that the device is MR‐ compatible. No artifacts or distortions were detected. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bribery and corruption
Authors: Tackett James A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLast year will be remembered for the greatest economic downturn since the Great Depression. It will also be remembered for unprecedented violations of trust from our political and financial leaders. But despite high‐profile cases like the Madoff scandal, bribery and corruption occur on a routine basis throughout the business world. The author discusses the most common examples of bribery and corruption, as well as some precautions for their detection and prevention. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Current issues challenging the profession
Authors: Ciesielski Jack T. , Weirich Thomas R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe American Institute of Certified Public Accountants held its annual Current Securities and Exchange Commission and Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Conference on December 7–9, 2009. As auditors deal with various client accounting issues, and serve as gatekeepers in the whole financial reporting process, the topics presented at the conference serve as reminders for smart auditors—who incorporate them into their audit plans.The authors provide an overview of the issues and challenges discussed at the conference. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cap‐and‐trade: Accounting fraud and other problems
Authors: Lindquist Stanton C. , Goldberg Stephen R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCap‐and‐trade schemes have been proposed to control carbon emissions that are said to cause climate change. But what issues must be resolved to implement a cap‐and‐trade system? What accounting issues need to be addressed? And what types of fraud might such a system produce? The authors take a critical look at these problems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are you ready for the audit challenges of 2010?
Authors: Smith Gordon 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLast year, the author saw a significant increase in the number of organizations that had to report the loss of confidential information. Clearly, the situation is getting worse. Yet most organizations are not increasing the scope of internal audits to identify flaws susceptible to fraud. How prepared is your company? © 2010 Canaudit, Inc., reprinted with permission
The determinants of overhead assignment sophistication in product costing systems
Authors: Brierley John A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWhat factors influence the sophistication of a company's product costing system? Maybe not surprisingly, the answer seems to be “parent companies,” when they exist. Otherwise, the degree of importance of product cost information in decision making at the company plays a big role, as this article explains. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of ant colony optimization in development of models for prediction of anti‐HIV‐1 activity of HEPT derivatives
Authors: Zare‐shahabadi Vali , Abbasitabar Fatemeh 
Published: April 2010

AbstractQuantitative structure–activity relationship models were derived for 107 analogs of 1‐[(2‐hydroxyethoxy) methyl]‐6‐(phenylthio)thymine, a potent inhibitor of the HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase. The activities of these compounds were investigated by means of multiple linear regression (MLR) technique. An ant colony optimization algorithm, called Memorized_ACS, was applied for selecting relevant descriptors and detecting outliers. This algorithm uses an external memory based upon knowledge incorporation from previous iterations. At first, the memory is empty, and then it is filled by running several ACS algorithms. In this respect, after each ACS run, the elite ant is stored in the memory and the process is continued to fill the memory. Here, pheromone updating is performed by all elite ants collected in the memory; this results in improvements in both exploration and exploitation behaviors of the ACS algorithm. The memory is then made empty and is filled again by performing several ACS algorithms using updated pheromone trails. This process is repeated for several iterations. At the end, the memory contains several top solutions for the problem. Number of appearance of each descriptor in the external memory is a good criterion for its importance. Finally, prediction is performed by the elitist ant, and interpretation is carried out by considering the importance of each descriptor. The best MLR model has a training error of 0.47 log (1/EC50) units (R2 = 0.90) and a prediction error of 0.76 log (1/EC50) units (R2 = 0.88). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Using one‐step perturbation to predict the effect of changing force‐field parameters on the simulated folding equilibrium of a β‐peptide in solution
Authors: Lin Zhixiong , Liu Haiyan , van Gunsteren Wilfred F. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractComputer simulation using molecular dynamics is increasingly used to simulate the folding equilibria of peptides and small proteins. Yet, the quality of the obtained results depends largely on the quality of the force field used. This comprises the solute as well as the solvent model and their energetic and entropic compatibility. It is, however, computational very expensive to perform test simulations for each combination of force‐field parameters. Here, we use the one‐step perturbation technique to predict the change of the free enthalpy of folding of a β‐peptide in methanol solution due to changing a variety of force‐field parameters. The results show that changing the solute backbone partial charges affects the folding equilibrium, whereas this is relatively insensitive to changes in the force constants of the torsional energy terms of the force field. Extending the cut‐off distance for nonbonded interactions beyond 1.4 nm does not affect the folding equilibrium. The same result is found for a change of the reaction‐field permittivity for methanol from 17.7 to 30. The results are not sensitive to the criterion, e.g., atom‐positional RMSD or number of hydrogen bonds, that is used to distinguish folded and unfolded conformations. Control simulations with perturbed Hamiltonians followed by backward one‐step perturbation indicated that quite large perturbations still yield reliable results. Yet, perturbing all solvent molecules showed where the limitations of the one‐step perturbation technique are met. The evaluated methodology constitutes an efficient tool in force‐field development for molecular simulation by reducing the number of required separate simulations by orders of magnitude. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010