bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Potassium Oxalate on Knoop Hardness of Etch-and-Rinse Adhesives
Authors: Silva SMA , Malacarne-Zanon J , Carvalho RM , Alves MC , De Goes MF , Anido-Anido A , Carrilho MR 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARY
The objective of this study was to determine whether the hardness of etch-and-rinse adhesives may be affected by the pretreatment of acid-etched dentin with potassium oxalate desensitizer. Unerupted human third molars were cut into crown segments by removing the occlusal enamel and roots. The pulp chamber of these crown segments was connected to a syringe barrel filled with phosphate-buffered saline so that the moisture of dentin was maintained during the bonding procedures. Three etch-and-rinse adhesives—two two-step systems (Adper Single Bond 2 [SB], One-Step [OS]) and one three-step system (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose [MP])—were applied to acid-etched dentin that had been treated (experimental groups) or not (control groups) with potassium oxalate (BisBlock). The Knoop hardness (KHN) of adhesives was taken at different sites of the outer surface of the adhesive-bonded dentin. The KHN of the three tested adhesives applied to acid-etched dentin treated with potassium oxalate was significantly lower than that exhibited by the respective controls (not treated with oxalate; p&lt;0.05). Regardless of the adhesive, the treatment with potassium oxalate reduced the adhesives' KHN (p&lt;0.05), with the OS system exhibiting the lowest KHN compared with the MP and SB systems.
A Clinical Study of Direct Composite Full-Coverage Crowns: Long-Term Results
Authors: Alonso V , Caserio M 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARY

Objective
Long-term assessment of the clinical behavior of direct composite full-coverage crowns using transparent strip crowns as a matrix.

Method
A retrospective observational study without controls of 21 restorations was performed: nine teeth with hypoplasia, six conoid teeth, and six with microdontia. The mean patient age was 22.5 ± 8.2 years. The clinical procedure consisted of cleaning the tooth, acid etching and application of adhesive, after which a transparent strip crown was filled with composite and placed on the tooth. The gingival contour was polished using multifluted burs and interproximal spaces polished with polishing strips. Patients were examined after a period of 12.5 (±4.6) years by two observers who recorded the plaque index and evaluated the restorations in accordance with the modified U. S. Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria.

Results
Except for one case, all the scores obtained on the basis of the USPHS criteria were within the acceptable range. There were no cases of secondary caries. The statistically significant variations were anatomical form, marginal adaptation, marginal discolouration, and surface roughness.

Discussion
This technique is simple and noninvasive. It is a viable long-term treatment option for teeth with amelogenesis or microdonts and is especially suitable for patients still undergoing growth.
Sol-gel thin films with anti-reflective and self-cleaning properties
Authors: Çamurlu Hasan , Kesmez Ömer , Burunkaya Esin , Kiraz Nadir , Yeşil Zerin , Asiltürk Meltem , Arpaç Ertuğrul 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSelf-cleaning photocatalytic TiO2 films are beneficial since they reduce the maintenance cost and enhance the efficiency of various optical systems, especially thermal and photovoltaic solar systems. However, the presence of a TiO2 layer on glass reduces the transmission of incident light, which leads to a decrease in efficiency. This drawback can be overcome by applying a layer of anti-reflective coating beneath the TiO2 layer. Generally, the anti-reflective layer is porous silica. The presence of the anti-reflective layer compensates for the loss of light transmittance caused by the photocatalytic TiO2 top layer. This paper reviews some of the previous and the latest fundamental studies in the literature on anti-reflective, self-cleaning and multi-functional films.
Characteristics of sorption of uncomplexed and complexed Pb(II) from aqueous solutions onto peat
Authors: Bulgariu Laura , Bulgariu Dumitru , Macoveanu Matei 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBatch experiments aimed at the sorption of Pb(II) onto peat were performed from an aqueous solution in both the absence and presence of common complexing agents (acetate or citrate). The influence of the initial pH of the solution, metal ion concentration and contact time on the sorption efficiency of Pb(II) was examined at ambient temperature (18 ± 0.5) °C for each experiment. The results showed that the presence of acetate improved the efficiency of the sorption process, while the presence of citrate in the aqueous solution decreased the efficiency of the Pb(II) sorption onto peat. The equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model and confirmed the monolayer sorption of uncomplexed and complexed Pb(II) species onto peat. The values of maximum sorption capacities (q max) were 135.13 mg g−1 for Pb(II) complexed with acetate, q > 79.36 mg g−1 for uncomplexed Pb, q > 38.46 mg g−1 for Pb(II) complexed with citrate. The kinetics of Pb(II) sorption onto peat, in both the absence and presence of complexing agents, indicated a pseudosecond order mechanism. Analysis of IR spectra showed that carboxylic and hydroxyl groups had an important role in the binding process of Pb(II) species onto peat.
Postimplantation Development of Cloned Rabbit Embryos Reconstructed with Foetal and Adult Skin-Derived Fibroblast Cell Nuclei
Authors: Kosenyuk Yuriy , Skrzyszowska Maria , Gajda Barbara , Ryńska Bożenna 
Published: February 2012

Postimplantation Development of Cloned Rabbit Embryos Reconstructed with Foetal and Adult Skin-Derived Fibroblast Cell NucleiThe aim of the study was to determine the postimplantation developmental potential of nuclear transfer (NT) derived rabbit embryos, which were reconstructed with foetal fibroblast (FF) or adult skin fibroblast (AF) cell nuclei. A total of 97 embryos reconstructed with FF cell nuclei (Group I) were transferred into the oviducts of 6 pseudopregnant recipients and 101 embryos reconstructed with AF cell nuclei (Group II) were transferred to 6 foster mothers. The presence of fetuses (with the symptoms of early resorption of amniotic sacs) was confirmed in the 4/6 (66.7%) and 1/6 (16.7%) recipient-females in Group I and Group II, respectively. The implantation rate was significantly higher for cloned embryos originating from the oocytes receiving foetal fibroblasts than for those derived from adult skin fibroblasts (P<0.1). Nonetheless, all pregnancies were lost and no progeny were obtained.
Evaluation of the immunological effect of beta alanyl-l-histidine against Schistosoma mansoni antigens in rabbits
Authors: Ali Sanaa Ahmed 
Published: February 2012

Introduction: The influence of vaccination on healthy (non-infected) rabbits treated with Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens, cercariae, and worms as prophylactic agents against infection, and the benefit of beta alanyl-l-histidine treatment against Schistosoma mansoni infection were investigated. Methodology: This study involved individual injection of three Schistosoma mansoni antigens: soluble egg antigen (SEA), cercarial antigen preparation (CAP) and soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP), in three rabbit groups, respectively. Three other groups each received the same specific antigen in conjunction with the administration of (beta alanyl-l-histidine) L-carnosine. Hepatic total protein, glycogen and glycogen phosphorylase, total serum protein and one diminution electrophoresis of protein fractions (180 KDa; 116 KDa; 97, 4 KDa, serum albumin 66 KDa; 48. 5 KDa; 29 KDa; 18.400 KDa; 14.200 KDa; 6.5 KDa) were measured in all the rabbit groups. Results: Elevation in most parameters was observed in the immunized groups. Carnosine treatment of rabbit groups immunized with SEA, CAP and SWAP in comparison to the non-carnosine-treated immunized groups resulted in amelioration of serum protein fractions in all SEA and SWAP-immunized animals, and reduction in glycogen phosphorylase b in SWAP animals alone. In addition, changes in glycogen content were observed in the CAP-immunized group. Conclusion: L-carnosine has a beneficial effect in the amelioration of most biochemical parameters as a result of S. mansoni antigen immunization.
Evaluation of “Cyscope”, a novel fluorescence-based microscopy technique for the detection of malaria
Authors: Gwanzura Lovemore , Mayini Justin , Mabhanga Katherine , Chipinduro Joseph , Mashamba Kansomba , Mutenherwa Menard , Mutambu Susan L , Mutsvangwa Junior , Mason Peter Robert 
Published: February 2012

Introduction: This study was designed to compare the detection of malaria parasites in peripheral blood smears using the Cyscope malaria rapid fluorescent microscopic technique and light microscopy of Giemsa-stained smears. Methodology: A total of 295 blood smears were collected from patients of all age groups presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of malaria to 10 City Health Clinics in Harare. For each patient two blood films were prepared. Microscopic examination was done independently in two laboratories, with one performing the Giemsa stain and the other the Cyscope method. After the tests were completed, the results were then matched and recorded without any alterations. Results: An equal number of men and women were malaria positive and their ages ranged from five to 66 years. Concordance in the detection of parasites (positive or negative) was 98.6% (291/295). In all four cases of discordance, malaria parasites were detected using the Cyscope but not with conventional microscopy. The Cyscope gave a 100% sensitivity and a specificity of 98.6%. Conclusion: The Cyscope may be a valuable addition to diagnostics of malaria in resource-limited settings such as Zimbabwe.
Argon Laser Iridoplasty to Improve Visual Function Following Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Solomon Renée , Barsam Allon , Voldman Alex , Holladay Jack , Bhogal Maninder , Perry Henry D. , Donnenfeld Eric D. 
Published: February 2012

PURPOSE:
To describe the use of argon laser iridoplasty following implantation of a multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) to improve visual function.

METHODS:
Argon laser spots of 500-mW power, 500-μm spot diameter, and 500-ms duration were placed in the midperipheral iris in the area in which the iris was encroaching on the IOL.

RESULTS:

Argon laser iridoplasty provided statistically significant improvement in visual function including corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and subjective quality of vision in 14 eyes from 11 patients. Mean CDVA improved from 0.24 (20/35 Snellen) to 0.10 (20/25 Snellen) logMAR (
P
<.0001), and mean subjective quality of vision improved from 2.9 to 7.5 (
P
<.0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Argon laser iridoplasty should be considered in correcting visual problems associated with decentered multifocal IOLs.
Impact of family income and size on per capita solid waste generation: A case study in Manmunai North Divisional Secretariat Division of Batticaloa
Authors: Sivakumar K. , Sugirtharan M. 
Published: February 2012

The generation of solid waste has become an increasing environmental and public health problem everywhere in the world, especially in developing countries. The rate of generation of solid waste in the society is increasing with an increase of population, technological development, and the changes in the life styles of the people. As family size and income are the most significant factors affecting the quantity of solid waste from household consumption, a study on the relationship among these is vital in the decision making on waste management strategies. Therefore, a study was conducted at Manmunai North Divisional Secretariat areas of Batticaloa district to find out the correlation among residential solid waste generation, family size and income. The household sector is one of the primary sources of solid wastes in the study area. This study covered 100 houses with different socioeconomic levels such as income level and family size. There were six components of solid waste; food waste, paper, polyethylene, plastic, glass and metal which were evaluated in this study.Present study revealed that residential solid waste generation showed non-significant positive correlation (r = 0.184, p>0.05) with monthly income whereas significant positive correlation (r = 0.476, p<0.01) was found with the family size. Based on monthly income, generation of food, paper, plastic and glass waste showed non-significant positive correlation while non-significant negative correlation was found with polyethylene waste. Further, residential waste generation such as food, paper, plastic and metal showed significant positive correlation with family size whereas generation of glass and polyethylene waste showed non-significant positive correlation with family size.Keywords: Family size, Food waste, Income level, Plastics, Solid wasteDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/josuk.v5i0.4087 J Sci.Univ.Kelaniya 5 (2010): 13-23
The Microphorella chillcotti species group: a distinctive lineage of parathalassiine flies from western North America (Diptera: Empidoidea: Dolichopodidae s.l.)
Authors: Brooks Scott E. , Cumming Jeffrey M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe Microphorella chillcotti species group is established for two new species from western North America: Microphorella chillcottisp. nov. and Microphorella vockerothisp. nov. The relationships of this lineage to the remainder of the Microphorella group of genera are discussed.
Revision ofDolichocephalaof America, north of Mexico (Diptera: Empididae: Clinocerinae)
Authors: Sinclair Bradley J. , MacDonald John F. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDolichocephalaMacquart is revised for America, north of Mexico. New descriptions and diagnoses of the genus and a previously known species are presented. Six new species are described:Dolichocephala arnaudisp. nov.,Dolichocephala borkentisp. nov.,Dolichocephala chillcottisp. nov.,Dolichocephala teskeyisp. nov.,Dolichocephala vockerothisp. nov., andDolichocephala woodisp. nov.Previous Nearctic records ofDolichocephala irrorataFallén are based on misidentifications.Dolichocephala bellstedtiJoost is newly recorded from Sweden. A key to adults, photographs of wings, illustrations of male terminalia, and known distributions are included.
Sensory evaluation of meat chickens Ross 308 after application of propolis in their nutrition
Authors: Haščí­k Peter , Garlí­k ml. Jozef , Kačániová Miroslava , Čuboň Juraj , Mellen Martin , Mihok Michal , Eliman Ibrahim Omer Eliman 
Published: February 2012

The objective of the experiment was to verify the effect of propolis extract in Ross 308 broiler on the sensory quality of breast and thigh muscle modified by baking at temperature 200 ºC for 60 minutes and finish baking for a period of 10-15 minutes. In the experiment were used 180 chickens divided into 2 groups (control and experimental group) with 90 chickens (45 ♂ and 45 ♀). Fattening lasted 40 days. The chickens were fed ad libitum with the same starter feed mixtures to 21 days and from 22 days of age through 40 days of age with the grower feed mixtures in the both followed groups. Feed mixtures were made without antibiotics and coccidiostatics. The feed mixtures used in experimental group were enriched with the feed extract of propolis in a dose of 0.2 g.kg-1. After heat treatment of breast and thigh muscle 60 pieces chickens (30 pieces ♀, ♂ 30 pieces) of each group samples were sensory analyzed (smell, taste, juiciness, softness). Statistically significant differences were found by sex (P≤0.05 to 0.001) in aroma and taste of cocks in the thigh muscle (+0.290 points, +0.300 points) and hens (P≤0.01) in flavor (+0.250 points) and softness (+0.372 points) in breast muscle. Sensory assessment of the individual characters of either gender had significant differences (P≤0.05 to 0.001) in favor of the experimental group achieved only in the evaluation of the smell in the breast (+0.207 points) as well as thigh muscle (+0.207 points). In the final evaluation the most valuable parts of Ross 308 chickens carcass were found a positive effect of propolis extract on their sensory properties, but significant differences (P≤0.01) were observed only in chickens in the breast muscle (+0.917 points) compared with control group. The results have confirmed that propolis extract in a dose of 0.2 g.kg-1 feed mixture can be applied in the diet of chickens, as it positively affects the sensory quality of Ross 308 chickens meat, which is one of the most important parts of chicken meat for use in human food chain.
Monitoring of a gluten content in selected meat products from three biggest meat producers in Slovakia
Authors: Mati Marcel , Staruch Ladislav 
Published: February 2012

The work is focused on a monitoring of a gluten content in selected meat products from three biggest and most popular meat producers in Slovakia. Gluten is a type of protein complex which is typical naturally presented component of wheat, barley and rye. Flour from this sources with natural gluten content is also added into the some type of meat products and other foodstuffs for a technological reasons hand in hand with economic reasons. Some of the gluten quantities could be hazardous for sensitive people as celiatics and allergic to gluten. Within the context of this reasons there is a need to control the amounts of this hidden type of gluten inclusive of spice mixes using in a meat production. Monitoring by itself was realized with a use of the sandwich ELISA RIDASCREEN® Fast Gliadin test. ELISA means enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. It is based on a specific reaction among the enzyme and antigen leading to a creation of a complex. This test provides us exact quantitification of a gluten content in this type of food products using a colorimetric reaction of a complex by observing of all fundamentals of this technique. There were analysed 16 meat products and 5 types of spice mixes in total.
Selected properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from raw cow's milk
Authors: Bezeková Jana , Lavová Monika , Kročko Miroslav , Čanigová Margita 
Published: February 2012

For the identification of lactic acid bacteria derived from raw cow's milk, 151 colonies were isolated. The grow conditions of lactic acid bacteria were at temperature 37 °C for 3 days on MRS medium. Based on microscopical preparation, negative catalase and Gram-positive test were 81 isolates confirmed as genus Lactobacillus. Out of these, 9 isolates were evaluated for acidifying activity in UHT milk at 25 °C, 30 °C and 37 °C at regular intervals during 24 hours. The average count of NSLAB lactobacilli in raw cow's milk reached the value 1.54.104 KTJ.ml-1. It was found that all tested strains of lactobacilli did not cause significant changes of titratable acidity in milk at 25 °C and 30 °C. Only one strain significantly improved the titratable acidity of milk at 37 °C after 24 hours. The acidity reached the value from 7.5 °SH to 41.9 °SH. This strain was confirmed by PCR method as Lactobacillus helveticus.
Antibacterial activity of thyme and rosemary essential oil against Enterococci isolated from meat
Authors: Duckova Viera , Čanigová Margita , Kročko Miroslav , Bezeková Jana 
Published: February 2012

Traditionally enterococci are considered as part of the lactic acid bacteria. This group of bacteria contaminating mostly food of animal origin and some of them can be resistant to antibiotic. The consumers prefer safe foods free of synthetic additives and therefore interest for natural preservatives is increasing in recent years. The aim of this work was to determine antibacterial activity of essential oil from thyme and rosemary against enterococci. Strains of enterococci were isolated from poultry and pork. The isolates of enterococci were identified as E. faecalis and E. mundtii and their sensitivity to chosen antibiotic (ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline and vancomycin) was determined. Enterococci were experimentally inoculated in nutrient broth at concentration 3 - 4 log cfu.ml-1. The influence of thyme and rosemary essential oil at different concentrations and at different temperatures (6 °C and 25 °C) against enterococci was tested. As more effective has proved thyme oil, which reliably inhibited both strains at concentration of 0.05 % at 6 and 25 °C. Rosemary oil at the highest tested concentrations (of 1 %, respectively 1.5 %) only reduced the number of tested strains of enterococci. The higher antibacterial activity of essential oils was determined at 25 °C.
Assessment of Critical Thinking:
Authors: Mckitrick Sean A. , Barnes Sean M. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Ensuring university students' ability to demonstrate and express critical thinking through competent writing is vital to students' future success. In this article, the authors describe one university's efforts to respond to external pressures to assess the critical-thinking skills of upper-division students, presenting the implementation of a critical-thinking assessment strategy through the lenses of three distinct stages of development, arguing that the successful assessment of critical thinking requires the acceptance of and patience with an evolutionary approach to implementation. They conclude with a discussion of what factors appear to be necessary conditions for the successful implementation of critical-thinking assessment in practice.
Measuring Educational Gains from Participation in Intensive Co-Curricular Experiences at Bridgewater State University
Authors: Turrentine Cathryn , Esposito Tony , Young Michael D. , Ostroth D. David 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the educational value of cumulative participation over four years in intensive co-curricular experiences at Bridgewater State University in Massachusetts. We compared responses to the National Survey for Student Engagement (NSSE) institutional-contribution-to-gains and satisfaction items for 103 senior co-curricular participants and a matched group of nonparticipants. Participants reported significantly greater gains than their nonparticipant peers in nine areas of personal development, with moderateeffect sizes on developing a personal code of values/ethics and contributing to the welfare of your community, and smaller-effect sizes for the seven remaining areas. Among co-curricular participants, the number of years of co-curricular experience was significantly and positively correlated with gains in understanding people of other racial/ethnic backgrounds, deepened sense of spirituality, and agreement that if they had it to do over they would choose the same institution. This study provides a model for assessing the value of out-of-class experiences, while addressing common challenges with such assessments.
Time on Test, Student Motivation, and Performance on the Collegiate Learning Assessment:
Authors: Hosch Braden J. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
This article examines how the amount of time students spend on a low-stakes test, motivation, and local test administration procedures represent problematic intervening variables in the measurement of student learning. Results from successive administrations of the Collegiate Learning Assessment at a public comprehensive university reveal wide year-to-year variations in student performance that may be related to effort rather than cognitive ability. Findings call into question the efficacy of low-stakes testing to measure educational achievement or institutional effectiveness for accountability purposes.