bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal goals as predictors of intended classroom goals: Comparing elementary and secondary school pre‐service teachers
Authors: Daniels Lia M. , Frenzel Anne C. , Stupnisky Robert H. , Stewart Tara L. , Perry Raymond P. 
Published: March 2012

Background and Aims. The literature documents fewer classroom mastery goal structures in secondary school compared to elementary. However, little is known about how personal achievement goals may influence classroom goal structures. This is especially true at the level of pre‐service teachers. Our objective was to investigate if pre‐service teachers’ personal goals predicted their intended classroom goal structures.Sample. Participants were 125 elementary and 175 secondary school pre‐service teachers from two Western Canadian universities.Method. Structural equation modelling was used to examine if the structural relationships and latent means of personal and intended classroom goal structures differed for elementary and secondary school pre‐service teachers.Results. The results revealed that personal goals predicted the goal structures that pre‐service teachers intended to establish; however, the relationships and means differed between elementary and secondary school pre‐service teachers. Specifically, personal mastery‐approach goals positively predicted classroom mastery goals much more strongly at the elementary than the secondary level. Furthermore, elementary pre‐service teachers had significantly higher latent mean scores on personal mastery‐approach goals than their secondary counterparts.Conclusions. It seems possible that the currently documented differences between classroom goal structures noted for elementary compared to secondary school may be based on the personal goals endorsed as pre‐service teachers. The results are further discussed in terms of alignment with research on practising teachers’ personal and classroom goals and implications for teacher education.
Death Is Associated with Complement C3 Depletion in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Pneumococcal Meningitis
Authors: Goonetilleke U. R. , Scarborough M. , Ward S. A. , Hussain S. , Kadioglu A. , Gordon S. B. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Pneumococcal meningitis can lead to death or serious neurological sequelae as a result of the host inflammatory response. We investigated the association between host response protein expression and outcome in patients with pneumococcal meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained from 80 patients with pneumococcal meningitis (40 nonsurvivors and 40 survivors) and 10 normal controls. Candidate proteins were analyzed for an association with survival. Complement C3 levels were 5-fold lower in nonsurvivors than in survivors (
P
< 0.05). This C3 reduction was not associated with lower levels in serum, indicating a compartmentalized CSF response. Transferrin levels were significantly higher in CSF (but not serum) from nonsurvivors than in CSF from survivors, suggestive of blood-brain barrier damage. Classical apoptosis proteins caspase 3 and apoptosis-inducing factor were not present in CSF. Expression of creatine kinase BB in clinically infected CSF suggested neuronal necrosis, but there was no clear association between level of expression and clinical outcome. Increased blood-brain barrier permeability and complement C3 depletion may have a role in determining outcome from bacterial meningitis. Therapeutic use of citicoline or caspase inhibitors is unlikely to have beneficial effects in patients with meningitis.

IMPORTANCE
We previously identified proteins associated with clinical outcome in patients diagnosed with pneumococcal meningitis in a pilot proteomics study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In this article, we have quantitatively assayed specific proteins identified from this previous proteomics analysis along with proteins associated with cell death by using Western blotting.
Annexin A5 Binds to Lipopolysaccharide and Reduces Its Endotoxin Activity
Authors: Rand Jacob H. , Wu Xiao-Xuan , Lin Elaine Y. , Griffel Alexander , Gialanella Philip , McKitrick John C. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Annexin A5 (AnxA5) has a high affinity for phosphatidylserine. The protein is widely used to detect apoptotic cells because phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid that is normally present in the inner leaflets of cytoplasmic membranes, becomes translocated to the outer leaflets during programmed cell death. Here we report the novel observation that AnxA5 binds to Gram-negative bacteria via the lipid A domain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Binding of AnxA5 to bacteria was measured quantitatively, confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, and found to be inhibited by antibodies against lipid A. AnxA5 also bound to purified dot-blotted LPS and lipid A. Through ellipsometry, we found that the binding of AnxA5 to purified LPS was calcium dependent and rapid and showed a high affinity—characteristics similar to those of AnxA5 binding to phosphatidylserine. Initial functional studies indicated that AnxA5 can affect LPS activities. AnxA5 inhibited LPS-mediated gelation in the
Limulus
amebocyte lysate assay. Incubation of LPS with the protein reduced the quantity of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) released by cultured monocytes compared to that released upon incubation with LPS alone. Initial
in vivo
experiments indicated that injection of mice with LPS preincubated with AnxA5 produced serum TNF-α levels lower than those seen after injection of LPS alone. These data demonstrate that AnxA5 binds to LPS and open paths to investigation of the potential biological and therapeutic implications of this interaction.

IMPORTANCE
AnxA5 is highly expressed in cells that have a barrier function—including, among others, vascular endothelium, placental trophoblasts, and epithelial cells lining bile ducts, renal tubules, mammary ducts, and nasal epithelium. The protein has been well characterized for its binding to phospholipid bilayers that contain phosphatidylserine. This report of a previously unrecognized activity of AnxA5 opens the door to investigation of the possibility that this binding may have biological and therapeutic ramifications. In view of the tissue expression of the protein, the present results suggest the possibility that AnxA5 plays a role in modulating the host defense against lipopolysaccharide at these anatomic sites, where cells may interface with microorganisms. These results also raise the intriguing possibility that AnxA5 or analogous proteins or peptides could provide novel approaches to addressing the difficult clinical problem of Gram-negative sepsis.
Angioarchitectural features associated with hemorrhagic presentation in pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Ellis Michael J , Armstrong Derek , Vachhrajani Shobhan , Kulkarni Abhaya V , Dirks Peter B , Drake James M , Smith Edward R , Scott R Michael , Orbach Darren B 
Published: March 2012

Background and objectiveTo date, there have been few published studies examining the relationship between arteriovenous malformation (AVM) angioarchitecture and hemorrhagic presentation among children with cerebral AVMs. This study examines this relationship in this unique population, in whom symptomatic presentation of cerebral AVM is the norm rather than the exception.MethodsA cohort of children with AVMs from 2000 to 2011 were included. Predictors studied included patient age, gender and angioarchitectural features, including AVM location, nidus size and morphology, venous drainage, presence of venous outflow lesions and associated aneurysms. Predictors of hemorrhagic presentation were assessed using multivariate logistic regression.Results135 children (70 males, mean age 10.1 years) were included. 86/135 (63.7%) children presented with hemorrhage, 18 (13.3%) with seizures, 17 (12.6%) with headaches or neurological deficits and 14 (10.4%) were asymptomatic. AVM location, morphology and the presence of associated aneurysm, venous ectasia, draining vein stenosis and single draining vein were not significantly associated factors. After multivariate analysis, AVM size (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.77; p<0.01), exclusive deep venous drainage (OR 4.94, 95% CI 1.30 to 18.8; p=0.02) and infratentorial location (OR 9.94, 95% CI 1.71 to 51.76; p=0.01) were independently associated with hemorrhagic presentation.ConclusionSmaller AVM size, exclusive deep venous drainage and infratentorial location are specific angioarchitectural factors independently associated with initial hemorrhagic presentation in children with AVMs.
MEASUREMENT OF NONLINEAR RESPONSES AND OPTICAL LIMITING BEHAVIOR OF TIO2/PS NANO-COMPOSITE BY SINGLE BEAM TECHNIQUE WITH DIFFERENT INCIDENT INTENSITIES
Authors: MAJLES ARA M. H. , DEHGHANI Z. 
Published: March 2012

Titanium dioxide (titania) is a cheap, nontoxic and highly efficient photocatalyst being extensively applied for the degradation of organic pollutants, air purification, water splitting, reduction of nitrogen to ammonia, and optical devices due to its optical behaviors. The third-order nonlinear optical properties of TiO 2/ PS nano-composite were studied by means of single beam transmission technique, using a continuous-wave (CW) He - Ne laser beam with a wavelength of 632.8 nm with three different incident intensities. The magnitude and sign of the third-order nonlinear refractive index ( n 2) and nonlinear absorption (β) of TiO 2/ PS nano-composite were determined by use of both the closed-aperture and opened-aperture z -scan techniques. Z -scan technique, developed by Sheik-Bahae et al., has been used widely in material characterization. A single-beam (also called z -scan method) for measuring the sign and magnitude of nonlinear refraction that has simplicity and very high sensitivity has been reported recently. Optical limiting property of TiO 2/ PS nano-composite is studied. The positive sign obtained for nonlinear refractive index indicated that there is a self-focusing effect in the sample. The nonlinear refractive index was in order of 10-8 (cm2/W) and the nonlinear absorption coefficient was obtained in order of 10-2 (cm/W) with negative sign. The values of nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient are enhanced by decreasing the intensity.
Anti-VEGF Therapy Revived by c-Met Inhibition, but Is c-Met the Answer?
Authors: Lynn Kristi D. , Brekken Rolf A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A new study by Sennino and colleagues demonstrates that selective VEGF inhibition via the use of an anti-VEGF antibody is sufficient to increase invasion and metastasis in a c-Met–dependent manner. Anti-VEGF therapy induced tumor hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, and c-Met activation in the RIP-Tag2 model of neuroendocrine pancreatic cancer. Selective c-Met inhibition was sufficient to block these effects, providing a potential mechanism for and solution to overcome increased invasion in the face of anti-VEGF therapy. Cancer Discovery; 2(3); 211–3. ©2012 AACR.
Commentary on Sennino et al., p. 270.
Increased Risks of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Among Spousal Caregivers of Cancer Patients
Authors: Ji Jianguang , Zöller Bengt , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan 
Published: March 2012

Background—
Spousal caregivers of cancer patients suffer psychological and physical burdens that may affect their risk of subsequently developing coronary heart disease and stroke.

Methods and Results—
Cancer patients were identified in the Swedish Cancer Registry, and information on their spouses was retrieved from the Swedish Multi-Generation Register. Follow-up of caregivers was performed from the date of the first diagnosis of cancer in their spouses through 2008. Standardized incidence ratios were calculated for spousal caregivers of cancer patients compared with those without an affected spouse. After the cancer diagnosis in wives, the risks of coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke in husbands were 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.16), 1.24 (95% CI, 1.21–1.27), and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.18–1.32), respectively. The corresponding risks in wives with an affected husband were 1.13 (95% CI, 1.10–1.16), 1.29 (95% CI, 1.26–1.32), and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.19–1.34). The increases were consistent over time and were more pronounced if the spouse was affected by a cancer with a high mortality rate, such as pancreatic and lung cancers.

Conclusions—
Spousal caregivers of cancer patients have increased risks of coronary heart disease and stroke that persist over time. Clinical attention should be paid to spousal caregivers, especially those caring for cancer patients with high mortality rates.
Cardioprotection Through
S
-Nitros(yl)ation of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor
Authors: Luedike Peter , Hendgen-Cotta Ulrike B. , Sobierajski Julia , Totzeck Matthias , Reeh Marcel , Dewor Manfred , Lue Hongqi , Krisp Christoph , Wolters Dirk , Kelm Malte , Bernhagen Jürgen , Rassaf Tienush 
Published: March 2012

Background—
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a structurally unique inflammatory cytokine that controls cellular signaling in human physiology and disease through extra- and intracellular processes. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor has been shown to mediate both disease-exacerbating and beneficial effects, but the underlying mechanism(s) controlling these diverse functions are poorly understood.

Methods and Results—

Here, we have identified an
S
-nitros(yl)ation modification of MIF that regulates the protective functional phenotype of MIF in myocardial reperfusion injury. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor contains 3 cysteine (Cys) residues; using recombinant wtMIF and site-specific MIF mutants, we have identified that Cys-81 is modified by
S
-nitros(yl)ation whereas the CXXC-derived Cys residues of MIF remained unaffected. The selective
S
-nitrosothiol formation at Cys-81 led to a doubling of the oxidoreductase activity of MIF. Importantly,
S
-nitrosothiol-MIF formation was measured both in vitro and in vivo and led to a decrease in cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the reperfused heart. This decrease was paralleled by a
S
-nitrosothiol-MIF– but not Cys81 serine (Ser)–MIF mutant–dependent reduction of infarct size in an in vivo model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Conclusions—

S
-nitros(yl)ation of MIF is a pivotal novel regulatory mechanism, providing enhanced activity resulting in increased cytoprotection in myocardial reperfusion injury.
Undetermined and indeterminate kamma
Authors: McDermott James P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAs Theravāda Buddhist thought developed, there was a tendency to elaborate on the original teachings through the proliferation of scholastic categories. Two categories developed to lend analytic precision to the concept ofkamma are those of undetermined (aniyata) and indeterminate (avyākata)kamma. This paper analyzes these two concepts as developed in theTipiaka and clarified in theAtthasālinī.
Hobbes, History, and Non-domination
Authors: Cromartie Alan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPettit's and Skinner's stimulating books are open to historically-minded objections. Pettit's reading of Hobbes is Rousseauian, but he rejects the Hobbesian/Rousseauian belief that some modern people are driven by amour-propre/“glory”. If Hobbes is right, there is, in Pettit's sense, no “common good”. Skinner's treatment of the neo-Roman “theorists” over-estimates their self-consciousness and their consistency. Leviathan chapter 21 is not a response to neo-Romanism; it treats civil liberty as non-obligation, not as non-interference.
The Various Fathers of Ptolemy I
Authors:   Collins
Published: March 2012

AbstractReports from antiquity — two factual and another based on myth — claim that Ptolemy I was a son of the Macedonian king Philip II. If so, Ptolemy was a half-brother of Alexander the Great. Scholars suppose that this rumour was promoted by Ptolemy I. But this cannot be confirmed. It seems rather that Arsinoë, the mother of Ptolemy I, was a concubine at the court of Philip II and that a rumour existed that Ptolemy I was illegitimately born. This rumour developed in two separate ways. In Macedon, probably in the late 280's BCE, it was claimed that the father of Ptolemy was Philip II. The story may have been inspired by Ptolemy Keraunos in the course of his quest for the Macedonian throne. In Egypt, however, in spite of an apparent reluctance of Ptolemy I to link Lagos with his name, it was officially proclaimed in the reign of his son (Ptolemy II) that Lagos was the father of Ptolemy I. It is possible thereby that Ptolemy II removed the stigma of bastardy from the first Ptolemaic king.
Glory in the Ministry of Death Gentile Condemnation and Letters Of Recommendation in 2 Cor. 3:6-18
Authors: Duff Paul 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this article, I part company with the majority of scholars who read 2 Cor. 3:6-18 as a polemic against Judaism. I suggest, to the contrary, that Paul is unconcerned about Torah observant Judaism here. After all, he writes to a gentile church (1 Cor. 12:2) that was apparently untroubled by such issues. Instead, his remarks about the Law focus on the uncircumcised. The Mosaic covenant, Paul argues, brought condemnation and death to them. Read in this way, Paul's argument fits the larger context. For it ironically turns the tables on those who have interpreted his suffering negatively.
"'ο λογοσ του εου" in Hebrews 4:12-13
Authors: Smillie Gene 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe well-known reference in these verses to the Word of God as "sharper than a two-edged sword" is often understood by interpreters (and translators) as referring to a fearful instrument of judgment, of punishment, even of execution. This study challenges that assumption, understanding the metaphor differently. The picture the author gives us may more likely be drawn from the medical amphitheater, in which a patient is "stretched out and naked before the eyes" of a benign surgeon who skillfully wields the sharp, scalpel-like blade, carefully dividing sinews from marrow, soul from spirit, thoughts and intentions of the heart. Analysis of the tone of the surrounding context, and the particular language of the pericope itself, leads to the conclusion that this paragraph is positive, rather than negative, in prospect, an encouragement rather than a warning.
Redescription of Xiphinema nigeriense Luc, 1961 and observations on X. dihysterum Lamberti et al., 1995 and X. mampara Heyns, 1979 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida)
Authors: Coomans August , Loof Pieter A.A. , Luc Michel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractX. nigeriense Luc, 1961 is redescribed on the basis of type material and specimens from Ivory Coast; the male of this species is described for the first time. X. nigeriense apud Bos and Loof (1985) and apud Sakwe and Coomans (1993) are both considered to be populations of X. dihysterum Lamberti et al., 1995. A population of X. mampara Heyns, 1979 is described from Lesotho. Some data are given on the juvenile stages of X. dihysterum and X. mampara. Redescription de Xiphinema nigeriense Luc, 1961 et observations sur X. dihysterum Lamberti et al., 1995 et X. mampara Heyns, 1979 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) - Xiphinema nigeriense Luc, 1961 est redecrit a partir du materiel type et de specimens provenant de Cote d'Ivoire; le male de cette espece est decrit pour la premiere fois. X. nigeriense apud Bos et Loof (1985) et Sakwe et Coomans (1993) est considere comme appartenant a X. dihysterum Lamberti et al., 1995. Une population de X. mampara Heyns, 1979 provenant du Lesotho est decrite. Des donnees sont fournies sur les stades juveniles de ces deux dernieres especes.
Beneficial effects of Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas mendocina for biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita with the endospore-forming bacterium Pasteuria penetrans
Authors: Duponnois Robin , BÂ Amadou M. , Mateille Thierry 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Two rhizosphere bacteria, Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas mendocina,
were isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plants growing in a soil
heavily infested with both root-knot nematodes and the parasitoid
endospore-forming bacterium Pasteuria penetrans. Bacteria E. cloacae and P.
mendocina stimulated plant growth, inhibited the reproduction of the root
knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and increased the attachment of the
endospores of P. penetrans on the nematodes in vitro. E. cloacae
significantly increased the reproduction of P. penetrans in plant roots.
Consequently, the introduction of such bacteria in soils, or cultural
practices aimed to increase the activity of native strains of these
bacteria, could greatly contribute to the efficiency of nematode biocontrol
with P. penetrans. Stimulation de l'activite antagoniste de Pasteuria
penetrans envers Meloidogyne incognita par Enterobacter cloacae et
Pseudomonas mendocina - Deux bacteries rhizospheriques, Enterobacter cloacae
et Pseudomonas mendocina, ont ete isolees a partir de la rhizosphere de
plants de tomate preleves dans un sol tres infeste par des nematodes a
galles et l'actinomycete Pasteuria penetrans. Les deux souches bacteriennes
ont stimule la croissance de la plante, inhibe le developpement du nematode
Meloidogyne incognita et augmente in vitro l'attachement des spores de P.
penetrans sur la cuticule des nematodes. E. cloacae a significativement
stimule la multiplication de P. penetrans dans les racines. En consequence,
l'utilisation de telles bacteries pourrait ameliorer de maniere importante
l'efficacite de P. penetrans contre les nematodes du genre Meloidogyne.
Perry Anderson and the End of History
Authors: Blackledge Paul 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn light of Perry Anderson's recent re-Iaunch of New Left Review, and the publication of Gregory Elliott's Perry Anderson: The Merciless Laboratory of History, it is perhaps an opportune moment for Marxists to assess Anderson's contribution to socialist strategic thought. At the heart of Anderson's manifesto is the claim that the principal aspect of the past decade ‘can be defined as the virtually uncontested consolidation, and universal diffusion, of neoliberalism'. There is, obviously, something in this claim. However, Anderson also briefly notes, amongst other counter-currents, the labour upsurge in France in 1995, but dismisses the significance of these events with the claim that ‘capital has comprehensively beaten back all threats to its rule'. Anderson compares the context of the launch of the first New Left Review with that of the present day. He writes that, back then, a third of the planet had broken with capitalism, the discrediting of Stalinism in 1956 had unleashed a vital process of the rediscovery of authentic Marxism, while, culturally, there had been a qualitative break with the conformism of the 1950s. Today, by contrast, American capitalism has reasserted its international primacy, European social-democratic governments are implementing policies designed to follow the American model, Japan is suffering from a slump, while the Russian catastrophe has produced no popular backlash. Moreover, the Western powers have recently asserted themselves successfully in the Balkans, and, despite upsurges against capital in the 1990s, ‘no collective agency able to match the power of capital is yet on the horizon’. How are socialists to respond to this diagnosis? In this essay, I want to locate the logic of Anderson's interpretation of the present conjuncture within the context of his previous strategic claims. I will argue that, while socialists will always have much to learn from Anderson, strategically his thought has systematically suffered from a form of political impressionism. This suggests that his interpretation of the present conjuncture may fail the test of history.