bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of the Fovea in Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Baker Paul S. , Tasman William 
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To report foveal optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in patients with a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In a case–control study, OCT imaging of the fovea was performed on mostly adult patients with a history of ROP and no significant macular pathology. The same OCT imaging was performed on control subjects who were born full-term.

RESULTS:
Fourteen eyes of 12 patients with ROP were studied. Mean age was 39 years and mean gestational age at birth was 28 weeks. Of the 11 eyes with no cataract or pseudophakia, median best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40. Three eyes with cataracts had visual acuities of 20/50, 20/60, and 20/100. OCT imaging showed that eyes in the ROP group had a relative loss of the foveal depression, increased macular thickness, and continuation of inner retinal layers within the fovea.

CONCLUSION:
OCT imaging demonstrated abnormal foveal architecture in patients with a history of ROP, but most of these patients maintained good visual acuity.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:201–206.]
Combination of Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling and Endophotocoagulation for Retinal Detachment Related to High Myopia in Patients With Macular Hole
Authors: Yu Jing , Wang Fang , Cao Hui , Fan Ying , Zhang Xi 
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the anatomic and visual outcomes of undergoing combined internal limiting membrane peeling and endophotocoagulation in retinal detachment related to high myopia in patients with macular hole.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Fifty-two eyes of 52 consecutive patients with macular hole and retinal detachment related to high myopia were recruited into the study. The combination treatment group underwent vitrectomy and perfluoropropane gas injection with the assistance of indocyanine green internal limiting membrane peeling and additional endophotocoagulation 2 weeks postoperatively. The control group only underwent vitrectomy and perfluoropropane gas injection and was matched to the combination treatment group according to the refractive errors and the size of macular hole.

RESULTS:

The primary macular hole closure rate was significantly higher in the combination treatment group (96.2%) than in the control group (57.7%) (
P
< .05). Six months postoperatively, a best-corrected visual acuity improvement of 2 or more lines was found in more eyes in the combination treatment group (100%) than in the control group (53.8%) (
P
> .05).

CONCLUSION:
Combined internal limiting membrane peeling and endophotocoagulation for retinal detachment related to high myopia in patients with macular hole has a promising anatomic closure rate and visual acuity and may be a better choice for retinal detachment in this group.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:215–221.]
Resident-Performed Ahmed
TM
Glaucoma Valve Surgery
Authors: Desai Rajen U. , Pekmezci Melike , Tam Diamond , Song Julia , Lin Shan C. 
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of residents performing glaucoma valve surgery at a metropolitan county hospital.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective analysis was performed of consecutive resident-performed Ahmed valve (New World Medical, Inc., Rancho Cucamonga, CA) glaucoma surgeries from 1993 to 2005. Data of 50 eyes of 48 patients were evaluated for intraocular pressure (IOP) and best-corrected visual acuity.

RESULTS:
The mean follow-up period was 34.7 ± 30.5 months, with an IOP decrease from 30.8 ± 11.3 mm Hg preoperatively to 15.3 ± 11.6 mm Hg at last visit. Success, defined by a postoperative IOP of greater than 5 mm Hg and at most 21 mm Hg or less or a decreased postoperative IOP of at least 25% if the pre-operative IOP was already 21 mm Hg or less, occurred in 78% of eyes. Best-corrected visual acuity decreased in 58% of eyes. Four eyes (8%) required subsequent penetrating glaucoma procedures.

CONCLUSION:
This retrospective study suggests that placement of an Ahmed valve can be a safe and effective procedure in the hands of residents under appropriate attending physician supervision.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:222–227.]
Femtosecond LASIK Combined With Astigmatic Keratotomy for the Correction of Refractive Errors After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Bahar Irit , Kaiserman Igor , Mashor Raneen Shehadeh , McAllum Penny , Slomovic Allan , Rootman David 
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the outcomes of femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) compared to combined LASIK and astigmatic keratotomy in the treatment of refractive errors following penetrating keratoplasty.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective review was performed on 18 eyes of 16 patients who underwent LASIK for visual rehabilitation after penetrating keratoplasty. Seven eyes (38.8%) had undergone paired relaxing incisions with topographic guidance prior to LASIK performance.

RESULTS:
Preoperative uncorrected visual acuity was 20/100 or worse in 13 eyes (72.2%) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/40 or better in 15 eyes (83.3%). After LASIK, uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 10 eyes (55.5%) and BCVA was 20/40 or better in 17 eyes (94.4%). Three eyes (16.6%) had a loss of 1 to 2 lines of BCVA. No difference in visual outcomes was noted in eyes undergoing LASIK and astigmatic keratotomy versus LASIK alone. An increased complication rate was noted in patients who also underwent astigmatic keratotomy and was associated with flap creation.

CONCLUSION:
Femtosecond LASIK is effective in reducing ametropia after penetrating keratoplasty. Astigmatic keratotomy might complicate flap creation in LASIK; therefore, photorefractive keratectomy should be considered for patients who had previous astigmatic keratotomy to reduce astigmatism.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:242–249.]
Osteoradionecrosis Complicating Mandibulotomy
Authors: Trupti Kolur , Vishal Rao , Chavan Purushottam , Kavita Umesh , Ashok Shenoy 
Published: March 2010

AbstractOsteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible is a well acknowledged entity following radiotherapy for oral cancers. Mandibular surgery prior to radiotherapy adds an additional risk factor for osteoradionecrosis. Management of these cases poses various hurdles including added morbidity, additional cost for treatment of ORN and suboptimal dose delivery to the tumor bed. This case reports elaborates the issues related to mandibular surgery in patients requiring adjuvant radiotherapy, precautions to be taken and the management of ORN in a postsurgical setting.
An Unusual Case of Epidermal Inclusion Cyst of Maxilla
Authors: Abhishek Vaidya , Arpit Sharma , Jyoti Dabholkar , Abhijit Raut 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIntroductionEpidermal inclusion cyst is a relatively common condition usually associated with trauma, with characteristic presentation, and seen in the extremities. However, it is an uncommon entity in the head and neck region.ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper is to report the unusual presentation of epidermal inclusion cyst in the maxilla without any definitive history of trauma and to review the concerned English language literature.ConclusionIn the absence of any definitive history of trauma, only a thorough clinical examination along with characteristic radiological imaging and histopathological findings will help in diagnosing epidermal inclusion cyst.
Platysma Sign—A Clinical Manifestation of Infiltration of Platysma and the Subcutaneous Tissue by Large Neck Node
Authors: Prakash Agarwal Jai , Pankaj Chaturvedi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe propose a simple clinical sign that is seen in certain patients with bulky nodal metastases. The fundamental basis of this sign is the direct infiltration of platysma by the nodal mass causing contracture of the muscle fibers of platysma called “Platysma sign”. The exact definition of this sign is “ puckering of the platysma and the overlying skin like an inverted Japanese fan”. This puckering always happens below the level of nodes and finishes at the level of the clavicle. This clinical sign can serve as an instant reminder to the clinician and avoid oversight of the skin/platysma infiltration. Assessment of the integrity of the neck skin overlying a large neck nodes must be undertaken while examining a head and neck cancer patient with bulky neck metastasis. Infiltration of platysma or the skin is an important finding in the staging and treatment of the neck disease.
A CdSe Nanowire/Quantum Dot Hybrid Architecture for Improving Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Yu Yanghai , Kamat Prashant V. , Kuno Masaru 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIncorporating colloidal CdSe quantum dots (QDs) into CdSe nanowire (NW)‐based photoelectrochemical solar cells increases their incident‐photon‐to‐carrier conversion efficiencies (IPCE) from 13% to 25% at 500 nm. While the effect could, in principle, stem from direct absorption and subsequent carrier generation by QDs, the overall IPCE increase occurs across the entire visible spectrum, even at wavelengths where the dots do not absorb light. This beneficial effect originates from an interplay between NWs and QDs where the latter fill voids between interconnected NWs, providing electrically accessible conduits, in turn, enabling better carrier transport to electrodes. The presence of QDs furthermore reduces the residual polarization anisotropy of random NW networks. Introducing QDs therefore addresses an important limiting constraint of NW photoelectrochemical solar cells. The effect appears to be general and may aid the future design and implementation of other NW‐based photovoltaics.
The prenatal origins of lung cancer. I. The fetus
Authors: Eriksson Johan G. , Thornburg Kent L. , Osmond Clive , Kajantie Eero , Barker David J.P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPeople differ in their susceptibility to developing cancer on exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco. What causes this is largely unknown. One possibility is that it is determined by nutritional influences during development that permanently change the structure and function of the baby's body. We studied an older and a younger cohort, totaling 20,431 men and women, born in Helsinki during 1924–1933 and 1934–1944. Their body size at birth had been recorded. Of them, 385 had developed lung cancer. Smoking history was known for 6,822 people. At birth, babies who later developed lung cancer had a high ponderal index (birthweight/length3). This association was confined to people whose mother's height was below the median. Among these people in the older cohort, the hazard ratio associated with a ponderal index >30 kg/m3 was 3.1 (95% CI 1.6–5.9), in comparison to those with a ponderal index of 26 kg/m3 or less (P for trend < 0.001). The equivalent figures for the younger cohort were 2.9 (1.2–7.0, P for trend = 0.001) and this association was independent of smoking. We suggest that a high ponderal index in babies born to short mothers is the result of low amino acid delivery to the fetus in relation to glucose delivery. We hypothesize that this impairs the development of the babies' antioxidant systems and makes them vulnerable to oxidative stress in later life. This is the first evidence that fetal programming may determine vulnerability to carcinogens in humans. humans. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The prenatal origins of lung cancer. II. The placenta
Authors: Barker David J.P. , Thornburg Kent L. , Osmond Clive , Kajantie Eero , Eriksson Johan G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe have shown that people who were short at birth in relation to their weight are at increased risk of lung cancer. We suggested that this reflected low amino acid–high glucose delivery to the fetus and that this impaired the development of its antioxidant systems and made it vulnerable to tobacco smoke and other carcinogens in later life. Transfer of amino acids and glucose from mother to fetus depends on the placenta. We here examine how maternal and placental size are related to lung cancer. We studied two cohorts, totaling 20,431 people, born in Helsinki during 1924–1944. Their body size at birth and maternal body size had been recorded together with the weight of the placenta and two diameters of its surface. Of them, 385 had developed lung cancer. Three different maternal–placental–fetal phenotypes were associated with lung cancer. Common to each was a short mother and a newborn baby that was short in relation to its weight. Lung cancer was associated with either a small or a large placental surface area. In the three phenotypes, the hazard ratios associated with a 100 cm2 increase in placental surface were 0.36 (95% CI 0.14 to 0.87, P = 0.02), 2.31 (1.45 to 3.69, P < 0.001) and 2.04 (1.08 to 3.86, P = 0.03). We conclude that three different maternal–placental phenotypes were associated with later lung cancer. We suggest that each led to low amino acid‐normal glucose transfer to the fetus, reflected in a newborn baby that was short in relation to its weight. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toward quantifying the usage costs of human immunity: Altered metabolic rates and hormone levels during acute immune activation in men
Authors: Muehlenbein Michael P. , Hirschtick Jana L. , Bonner Julia Z. , Swartz Ann M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThere is a paucity of data on the energetic demands of human immune functions, despite the fact that both clinical medicine and evolutionary biology would benefit from further clarification of these costs. To better understand the energetic requirements of mounting a mild immune response, as well as some of the major hormonal changes underlying these metabolic changes, we examined changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and hormones during and after respiratory tract infection in young adult men. An epidemiologic passive detection design was used to recruit 25 nonfebrile subjects naturally infected with respiratory tract pathogens. Symptomology, percent body fat, RMR, salivary testosterone and cortisol, and other information were collected at a minimum of three time points during and after convalescence. Comparisons of the differences in RMR, testosterone, and cortisol between sampling days within individual cases were made using paired t‐tests. Participants experienced 8% higher RMR during illness, and a subset of these men experienced a mean increase greater than 14%. The participants also experienced 10% lower testosterone levels during illness, and a subset of these participants experienced a mean decrease of 30%, although cortisol levels did not change significantly. These results document elevated RMR following natural pathogen exposure in adult humans, demonstrating that even mild immune reactions can elicit significant increases in energy expenditure. Understanding the costs of immunity and the immunomodulatory actions of hormones are central to understanding the role of immunity in human life history evolution. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testosterone, physical activity, and somatic outcomes among Filipino males
Authors: Gettler Lee T. , Agustin Sonny S. , Kuzawa Christopher W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTestosterone (T) facilitates male investment in reproduction in part through its anabolic effects on skeletal muscle. Traits like muscle and strength are energetically costly but are believed to enhance competitive ability in humans and other mammals. However, there are limited data on relationships between T and somatic outcomes in lean, non‐western populations. We evaluate relationships between waking and pre‐bed salivary T and adiposity, fat‐free mass (FFM), arm muscle area (AMA), and grip strength (GS) in a large, population‐based birth cohort of young adult Filipino males (20.8–22.6 years, n = 872). Data were collected as part of the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. Neither waking nor evening T predicted FFM, AMA, or GS. However, there were borderline or significant interactions between T and basketball playing (the most common team sport) and weight lifting as predictors of outcomes: higher waking T predicted higher FFM (activity × T interaction P < 0.01), AMA (interaction P < 0.1), and GS (interaction P < 0.02) among frequent basketball players, and GS (interaction P < 0.09) among the smaller sample of weight lifters. In contrast to clinical studies, but consistent with findings in several subsistence‐level populations, T was positively related to adiposity in these lean young males, suggesting that energy status might regulate circulating T. Our findings support a role of the prewaking rise in T as a determinant of energetic allocation to lean mass and strength in the context of repeated muscular use and support the hypothesized role of T as a mediator of investment in costly somatic traits in human males. Am J Phys Anthropol 142:590–599, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prezygapophyseal articular facet shape in the catarrhine thoracolumbar vertebral column
Authors: Russo Gabrielle A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo contrasting patterns of lumbar vertebral morphology generally characterize anthropoids. “Long‐backed” monkeys are distinguished from “short‐backed” apes [Benton: The baboon in medical research, Vol. 2 (1967:201)] with respect to several vertebral features thought to afford greater spinal flexibility in the former and spinal rigidity in the latter. Yet, discussions of spinal mobility are lacking important functional insight that can be gained by analysis of the zygapophyses, the spine's synovial joints responsible for allowing and resisting intervertebral movements. Here, prezygapophyseal articular facet (PAF) shape in the thoracolumbar spine of Papio, Hylobates, Pongo, Gorilla, and Pan is evaluated in the context of the “long‐backed” versus “short‐backed” model. A three‐dimensional geometric morphometric approach is used to examine how PAF shape changes along the thoracolumbar vertebral column of each taxon and how PAF shape varies across taxa at corresponding vertebral levels. The thoracolumbar transition in PAF shape differs between Papio and the hominoids, between Hylobates and the great apes, and to a lesser extent, among great apes. At the level of the first lumbar vertebra, the PAF shape of Papio is distinguished from that of hominoids. At the level of the second lumbar vertebra, there is variation to some extent among all taxa. These findings suggest that morphological and functional distinctions in primate vertebral anatomy may be more complex than suggested by a “long‐backed” versus “short‐backed” dichotomy. Am J Phys Anthropol 142:600–612, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tolerant food sharing and reciprocity is precluded by despotism among bonobos but not chimpanzees
Authors: Jaeggi Adrian V. , Stevens Jeroen M.G. , Van Schaik Carel P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTolerant food sharing among human foragers can largely be explained by reciprocity. In contrast, food sharing among chimpanzees and bonobos may not always reflect reciprocity, which could be explained by different dominance styles: in egalitarian societies reciprocity is expressed freely, while in more despotic groups dominants may hinder reciprocity. We tested the degree of reciprocity and the influence of dominance on food sharing among chimpanzees and bonobos in two captive groups. First, we found that chimpanzees shared more frequently, more tolerantly, and more actively than bonobos. Second, among chimpanzees, food received was the best predictor of food shared, indicating reciprocal exchange, whereas among bonobos transfers were mostly unidirectional. Third, chimpanzees had a shallower and less linear dominance hierarchy, indicating that they were less despotic than bonobos. This suggests that the tolerant and reciprocal sharing found in chimpanzees, but not bonobos, was made possible by the absence of despotism. To investigate this further, we tested the relationship between despotism and reciprocity in grooming using data from an additional five groups and five different study periods on the main groups. The results showed that i) all chimpanzee groups were less despotic and groomed more reciprocally than bonobo groups, and ii) there was a general negative correlation between despotism and grooming reciprocity across species. This indicates that an egalitarian hierarchy may be more common in chimpanzees, at least in captivity, thus fostering reciprocal exchange. We conclude that a shallow dominance hierarchy was a necessary precondition for the evolution of human‐like reciprocal food sharing. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:41–51, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Waddling and toddling: The biomechanical effects of an immature gait
Authors: Cowgill Libby W. , Warrener Anna , Pontzer Herman , Ocobock Cara 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFemoral shape changes during the course of human growth, transitioning from a subcircular tube to a teardrop‐shaped diaphysis with a posterior pilaster. Differences between immature and mature bipedalism and body shape may generate different loads, which, in turn, may influence femoral modeling and remodeling during the course of the human lifespan. This study uses two different approaches to evaluate the hypotheses that differences in gait between young and mature walkers result in differences in ground reaction forces (GRFs) and that the differences in loading regimes between young children and adults will be reflected in the geometric structure of the midshaft femur. The results of this analysis indicate that GRFs differ between young walkers and adults in that normalized mediolateral (ML) forces are significantly higher in younger age groups. In addition, these differences between children and adults in the relative level of ML bending force are reflected in changes in femoral geometry during growth. During the earlier stages of human development, immature femoral diaphyses are heavily reinforced in approximately ML plane. The differences in gait between mature and immature walkers, and hence the differences in femoral shape, are likely partially a product of a minimal bicondylar angle and relatively broad body in young children. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:52–61, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An improved practical Pd/C‐catalyzed Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction for the synthesis of liquid crystals of trans‐cyclohexyltolans
Authors: Shang Hongyong , Hua Ruimao , Zheng Qingwei , Zhang Jianli , Liang Xiao , Zhu Qiming 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn improved practical synthesis of liquid crystals of trans‐cyclohexyltolans by Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction of 1‐iodo‐4‐(trans‐4‐alkylcyclohexyl)benzene with aromatic terminal alkynes in the presence of Pd/C (palladium on activated carbon) as low as 0.03 mol% of Pd and CuI (2 mol%) in a mixture solvent of acetone–water (5:2 in volume) is described. The liquid crystals could be obtained in high yields as a solid with excellent purity by simple filtration, and the filtrate could be reused several times while still retaining high catalytic activity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication and properties of PLLA‐gelatin nanofibers by electrospinning
Authors: Yan Su , Xiaoqiang Li , Shuiping Liu , Hongsheng Wang , Chuanglong He 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPoly(L‐lactide acid)‐blend‐gelatin (PLLA‐gelatin) nanofibers were successfully fabricated by means of electrospinning. The different material components characterizing the properties of electrospun PLLA/G nanofibers were measured and the effect of PLLA weight ratios on such properties as morphologies, physical and chemical structure and mechanical profiles were analyzed. It was found that the fibers diameter increases and the ultimate tension‐stress enhances with increased PLLA weight ratio. The analysis of X‐ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectra demonstrated that the resultant nanofibers from electrospinning of PLLA‐gelatin solution are simple blends of these two components. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010