bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early years in University development in management education: reflections and reminiscences on the University of Birmingham (1950s-1970s)
Authors: Minkes Leonard 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Cet article est fondé, en partie, sur les souvenirs personnels d’un acteur qui a été témoin des premiers développements de l’enseignement de la gestion dans les universités britanniques entre les années 1950 et 1970. En particulier, ce récit résulte de son expérience au sein de l’Université de Birmingham et du paradoxe suivant : bien que Birmingham ait été une université pionnière dans l’enseignement de la gestion, elle n’a pas fondé une des premières business schools britanniques des années 1960, contrairement aux Universités de Londres et de Manchester. Si cet article se concentre sur un cas spécifique, celui-ci apporte un éclairage sur les interactions entre les acteurs et les départements, ainsi que sur les circonstances externes, qui sont intervenues dans les processus de décision de l’Université. En ce sens, ce travail constitue dans une large mesure une étude de ces processus. De surcroît, le cas de Birmingham représente une expérience originale dans les années 1960 avec la création d’un centre de gestion commun avec l’Université d’Aston. Cette collaboration a duré de la fin des années 1960 à 1972 et présente un intérêt considérable.
Vers un indicateur de croissance économique locale pour l'évaluation des politiques de développement rural
Authors: Berriet-Solliec Marielle , Daucé Pierre , Léon Yves , Schmitt Bertrand 
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’objectif du travail engagé est de réaliser une évaluation quantitative de la politique européenne de développement rural en Bourgogne et en Bretagne (programme de l’objectif 5b, 1991-1993). Dans ce papier, on propose l’utilisation de données fiscales, disponibles à l’échelle communale, pour construire un indicateur de croissance économique locale, mobilisable à une échelle infra-régionale. L’information utilisée est la base brute de la taxe professionnelle, qui, sous certaines conditions, peut être considérée comme un indicateur de valeur ajoutée. Cet indicateur est analysé et validé au niveau régional, puis utilisé pour caractériser l’évolution économique des différentes catégories d’espace et des zones aidées par le programme 5b, par comparaison avec celle des zones non éligibles. Sur la période étudiée (1981-1994), on montre une amélioration relative de la situation des zones rurales fragiles de Bretagne, qu’on ne retrouve pas en Bourgogne. Cette première approche nécessite d’être prolongée, notamment pour contrôler les « biais de sélection » qu’elle est susceptible d’engendrer.
L'impact des friches industrielles sur les valeurs immobilières : une application de la méthode des prix hédoniques à l'arrondissement de Lens (Nord – Pas de Calais)
Authors: Letombe Gwénaël , Zuindeau Bertrand 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Cet article a pour objet d’évaluer l’impact des friches industrielles sur les valeurs immobilières de proximité. Pour ce faire, nous avons recours à la méthode des prix hédoniques, dont l’utilisation au domaine de l’évaluation monétaire des dommages environnementaux remonte à la fin des années 60. L’emploi de cette méthode pour le cas particulier des friches industrielles peut être considéré comme original. Après une première partie de présentation des caractéristiques de la méthode, nous envisageons une application au territoire de l’arrondissement de Lens (Nord – Pas de Calais). Plusieurs modèles sont testés, les plus intéressants nous semblant être ceux qui intègrent la distance effective à la friche ou l’existence éventuelle d’une vue sur la friche. Les résultats sont tout à fait significatifs : par exemple, avec le modèle « vue sur la friche », on évalue à 10 % environ, l’impact négatif de la friche sur la valeur d’une maison aux caractéristiques moyennes.
L'économie publique locale quinze ans après : entre espace et territoire
Authors: Gilbert Guy , Guengant Alain 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Quinze ans après la parution de l’ouvrage « Économie publique Locale » de Pierre-Henry DERYCKE et de Guy GILBERT, l’article s’interroge sur les modifications qu’il faudrait introduire afin d’y intégrer les apports récents de la théorie économique, des études empiriques et les modifications de l’environnement économique et institutionnel. Ces apports sont présentés selon qu’ils relèvent d’une perspective « spatiale » de l’économie publique locale ou d’une perspective « institutionnelle ». Trois thèmes ont fait l’objet d’approfondissements considérables. Le premier concerne l’hypothèse de la capitalisation fiscale qui s’enrichit désormais d’une perspective spatiale et dont les nouveaux tests empiriques confirment le caractère partiel. Le second concerne le concept et la mesure de la congestion des biens publics locaux et leur introduction dans des modèles complets de dépenses publiques locales. Le troisième concerne la concurrence fiscale entre collectivités, verticale ou horizontale, objet de développements aussi bien normatifs que positifs. Des thèmes nouveaux sont également apparus qui concernent à titre principal les relations financières entre collectivités publiques ou le « fédéralisme financier » ; certains relèvent à nouveau d’une perspective spatiale comme l’introduction de la rente foncière dans le dispositif ; d’autres réexaminent la théorie standard de TIEBOUT -OATES - BUCHANAN à la lumière de la microéconomie des asymétries informationnelles.
Sortie de crise ou crise de la sortie ? Impacts de ce contexte sur les modèles d'affaires de la sphère financière
Authors: Roux Michel 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Les économies occidentales et émergentes sont confrontées à une crise du soupçon. En 2008, on a empêché la mutation d’un krach financier en récession grâce à la substitution partielle de la dette privée, trop risquée, par de la dette publique. Trois ans plus tard, c’est l’origine de la nouvelle crise et l’Etat est devenu le problème ! Un nouveau séisme est passé par là et il remet en cause nos repères et nos paradigmes, tant sur le plan macroéconomique que microéconomique. Au plan macroéconomique, le point d’équilibre de l’épargne mondiale s’est déplacé au bénéfice des pays émergents, d’où leurs exigences en termes de représentativité dans les instances internationales. Au plan microéconomique, les business models des firmes de la sphère financière sont remis en cause et le recentrage sur le métier de base redevient, souvent, un des facteurs de pérennisation de leurs activités ! Ces quelques constats nous conduisent donc à nous focaliser sur les métiers de la banque et de l’assurance dans son acception la plus large, et à nous interroger sur l’actualité donnée à ce questionnement face à un changement de paradigmes.
Evidence-based Medicine: Top Ten Things to Know!
Authors: Mundi Raman , Mundi Simran , Bhandari Mohit 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Evidence-based medicine is the conscientious use of the current best evidence in making health care decisions. It involves the incorporation of research findings, patient values and preferences, clinical circumstances and your own clinical expertise.
This approach is not a blinkered adherence to only randomized trials, but to the best available evidence in clinical decision making. The skills of an EBM practitioner require asking clinically important questions, conducting searches for the best available evidence, appraising this evidence critically, and deciding whether to apply this evidence to patients.

How to cite this article
Mundi R, Mundi S, Bhandari M. Evidence-based Medicine: Top Ten Things to Know! J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(1):1-3.
Research made Easy: Answering Important Questions with Valid Designs
Authors: Chaudhry Harman , Bhandari Mohit 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Clinical research fundamentally involves finding answers to questions. Next to asking important questions, determining what type of study design to use is arguably the most pivotal step for a researcher. In this article, we provide an overview of various clinical study designs, including case reports and series, case-control studies, observational cohort studies, randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews. We aim to elucidate the utility, advantages and drawbacks of these study designs in order to assist researchers in selecting the most valid design for their research question.

How to cite this article
Chaudhry H, Bhandari M. Research made Easy: Answering Important Questions with Valid Designs. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(1):8-11
Sociodemographic Profile of Road Traffic Accident Victims admitted at Emergency Surgical OPD of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Aggarwal Amita , Dhillon Mandeep , Kaur Sukhpal 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
To assess sociodemographic profile of roadside accident victims.

Materials and methods
Using purposive sampling technique 100 patients were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire consisting of personal identification data, personal habits and details related to occurrence of accident was used to collect the data.

Results
More than half subjects (59%) were in age group of 20 to 40 years with mean age being 36.5 years ± 14.2. Majority of the accident victims (84%) were male. More than half (67%) belonged to Hindu religion, educated up to secondary level (65%), were married (54%) and were rural habitants (54%). Twenty-six percent of subjects had the history of drinking alcohol. Out of these 15 subjects (57.7%) had consumed alcohol at the time of accident. Sixty-eight percent were driving two wheeler; only 27% were wearing protective equipment (helmet/seat belt) at the time of accident. Approximately one-third (39%) had 6 to 15 years of driving experience. Half (51%) of the accidents occurred in evening hours and on Saturday and Sunday.

Conclusion
The present study reflects that there is need to plan strategies to decrease risk of accidents and inculcate healthy driving habits in the vulnerable citizens.

How to cite this article
Aggarwal A, Kaur S, Dhillon MS. Sociodemographic Profile of Road Traffic Accident Victims Admitted at Emergency Surgical OPD of a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(1):15-18.
Time Dose Relation of Caffeine Ingestion on Muscular Strength and Endurance Performance
Authors: Shenoy Shweta , Sandhu Jaspal S , Dutt I 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Background
There have been numerous studies and reviews indicating that caffeine ingested before exercise causes rapid and significant improvement in performance, especially in aerobic capacity. Even though caffeine has a half life of 4 to 6 hours that implies high level of caffeine will be in the blood for up to 3 to 4 hours after ingestion, most studies on exercise performance are at 1 hour after ingestion.

Objectives
To assess the efficacy of 300 mg of caffeine and placebo ingestion at 1 hour, 1 hour 30 minutes, 2 hours, 2 hours 30 minutes, 3 hours in improvement of isometric muscle strength in human quadriceps muscle, cardiorespiratory endurance and to find that which of the duration produce best result.

Materials and methods
Experimental study with different subject design. Twenty subjects with equal number of boys and girl (age 20-30 years, weight 60-65 kg) were recruited to participate in the study. They were randomly allocated to experimental and placebo group. Pre- and postquadriceps muscle strength and time to exhaustion at 65% of VO2max was recorded.

Results
The results showed significant improvement (p < 0.001) in strength and endurance at all five durations in experimental group. Results were significant (p < 0.05) when caffeine and placebo groups were compared. The percentage improvement for strength and endurance was higher at 1st and 2nd hours when compared to 3rd hours duration.

Conclusion
The effects of caffeine are highest till 2 hours of ingestion after that wean off effects are seen.

How to cite this article
Sandhu JS, Shenoy S, Dutt I. Time Dose Relation of Caffeine Ingestion on Muscular Strength and Endurance Performance. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012; 46(1):19-23.
Qualitative Assessment of Research done at Two Premier Medical Institutes in India: Some Data for Introspection
Authors: Rao KLN , Kanojia Ravi Prakash , Rathod Kirti Kumar 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
To perform a qualitative assessment of research publications coming from two premier medical institutes in India.

Materials and methods
Research publications from AIIMS and PGIMER published during 2004 to 2008 were analyzed. The publications were categorized into five types. A year-wise analysis was done for both the institutes. Data was obtained from Scopus. The collected data included the number of papers published in a category, total citations received by a type of publication in a year, number of publications which have no citations, number of publications with only one citation, h-index, number of zero and only one citation were added to get publications with negligible citations.

Results
A total number of 4,828 and 2,882 research publications were analyzed from AIIMS and PGIMER respectively. The original articles attracted highest no of citations that is 64 and 66% of the total citations in a year for AIIMS and PGIMER respectively. Approximately 37 to 42% of the original articles get negligible citations. The h-index for various categories of article was higher for the original articles (18/13), whereas it was very low for other category of research publications.

Conclusion
The original articles fetch more citations in long run. Close to 40% of the original research done in the studied institutes get negligible citations pointing toward their outcome utility and quality. More than 60% of the minor category publications remain uncited. This sort of data if periodically obtained should serve as a benchmark for quality analysis of scientific research.

How to cite this article
Kanojia RP, Rathod KK, Rao KLN. Qualitative Assessment of Research done at Two Premier Medical Institutes in India: Some Data for Introspection. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(1):24-33.
A Case of Drug-induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Pharmacovigilance in Action and Lessons to learn
Authors: Shafiq Nusrat , Dogra Sunil , Malhotra Samir , Pandhi Promila , Kaur Sharonjeet , Rajagopalan Sujit 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Pharmacovigilance refers to the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. During the pharmacovigilance activities undertaken by us, a case of toxic epidermal necrolysis provided us with a setting for discussing various aspects of pharmacovigilance—the process itself, important signal generators that it may yield for practice, research and policy-related matters.

How to cite this article
Kaur S, Rajagopalan S, Shafiq N, Dogra S, Pandhi P, Malhotra S. A Case of Drug-induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Pharmacovigilance in Action and Lessons to learn. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(1):40-42.
Isolated Muscular Cysticercosis: A Rare Pseudotumor and Diagnostic Challenge, can It be treated Nonoperatively? A Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Prakash Mahesh , Dhillon Mandeep , Prabhakar Sharad , Dhatt Sarvdeep , Rangdal Sushil S 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Cysticercosis, an infection with the larval form of pork tape worm, Taenia solium, commonly presents with multiple muscular cysts or CNS involvement. Due to vague clinical presentation and unfamiliarity of clinicians with this entity, it is difficult to diagnosis when seen as an isolated cyst. Traditional treatment is surgical excision and a course of deworming agents. We present two cases of isolated muscular cysticercosis diagnosed by USG, MRI and blood tests, who responded successfully to oral medication without need of operative intervention.

Case reports
A 45-year-old male patient had a tender 2 week swelling of 4 × 5 cm on medial right proximal calf. A 26-year male presented with discomfort and diffuse 6 cm swelling at inner left forearm. In both ultrasound showed characteristic hypoechoic cyst with hyperechoic scolex, and MRI revealed isolated cyst surrounded by inflamed muscles. FNAC confirmed cysticercosis, and the patient responded to oral albendazole (3 weeks) with oral steroids (2 weeks).

Conclusion
Although rare, possibility of isolated muscular cysticercosis should always be considered in any small musculoskeletal soft tissue swelling presenting with nonspecific clinical findings. Both our patients responded to medical therapy and were disease free, as confirmed at 3 months by follow-up MRI. These cysts can be confidently diagnosed on the basis of ultrasound and MRI, and can be very well-treated nonsurgically with an oral drug regimen consisting of albendazole and steroid.

How to cite this article
Rangdal SS, Prabhakar S, Dhatt S S, Prakash M, Dhillon MS. Isolated Muscular Cysticercosis: A Rare Pseudotumor and Diagnostic Challenge, can It be treated Nonoperatively? A Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(1):43-48.
Robust optimal control of uncertain nonaffine MIMO nonlinear discrete‐time systems with application to HCCI engines
Authors: Zargarzadeh H. , Jagannathan S. , Drallmeier J. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYMIMO optimal control of unknown nonaffine nonlinear discrete‐time systems is a challenging problem owing to the presence of control inputs inside the unknown nonlinearity. In this paper, the nonaffine nonlinear discrete‐time system is transformed to an affine‐like equivalent nonlinear discrete‐time system in the input–output form. Next, a forward‐in‐time Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation‐based optimal approach, without using value and policy iterations, is developed to control the affine‐like nonlinear discrete‐time system by using both NN as an online approximator and output measurements alone. To overcome the need to know the control gain matrix in the optimal controller, a new online discrete‐time NN identifier is introduced. The robustness of the overall closed‐loop system is shown via singular perturbation analysis by using an additional auxiliary term to mitigate the higher‐order terms. Lyapunov stability of the overall system, which includes the online identifier and robust control term, demonstrates that the closed‐loop signals are bounded and the approximate control input approaches the optimal control signal with a bounded error. The proposed optimal control approach is applied to a cycle‐by‐cycle discrete‐time representation of an experimentally validated homogeneous charge compression ignition fuel‐flexible engine whose dynamics are modeled as uncertain nonlinear, nonaffine, and MIMO discrete‐time system. Simulation results are included to demonstrate the efficacy of the approach in presence of actuator disturbances. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of Quantum Efficiency and Energy Losses in Low Bandgap Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells with High Open‐Circuit Voltage
Authors: Vandewal Koen , Ma Zaifei , Bergqvist Jonas , Tang Zheng , Wang Ergang , Henriksson Patrik , Tvingstedt Kristofer , Andersson Mats R. , Zhang Fengling , Inganäs Olle 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn organic solar cells based on polymer:fullerene blends, energy is lost due to electron transfer from polymer to fullerene. Minimizing the difference between the energy of the polymer exciton (ED*) and the energy of the charge transfer state (ECT) will optimize the open‐circuit voltage (Voc). In this work, this energy loss ED*‐ECT is measured directly via Fourier‐transform photocurrent spectroscopy and electroluminescence measurements. Polymer:fullerene photovoltaic devices comprising two different isoindigo containing polymers: P3TI and PTI‐1, are studied. Even though the chemical structures and the optical gaps of P3TI and PTI‐1 are similar (1.4 eV–1.5 eV), the optimized photovoltaic devices show large differences in Voc and internal quantum efficiency (IQE). For P3TI:PC71BM blends a ED*‐ECT of ∼ 0.1 eV, a Voc of 0.7 V and an IQE of 87% are found. For PTI‐1:PC61BM blends an absence of sub‐gap charge transfer absorption and emission bands is found, indicating almost no energy loss in the electron transfer step. Hence a higher Voc of 0.92 V, but low IQE of 45% is obtained. Morphological studies and field dependent photoluminescence quenching indicate that the lower IQE for the PTI‐1 system is not due to a too coarse morphology, but is related to interfacial energetics. Losses between ECT and qVoc due to radiative and non‐radiative recombination are quantified for both material systems, indicating that for the PTI‐1:PC61BM material system, Voc can only be increased by decreasing the non‐radiative recombination pathways. This work demonstrates the possibility of obtaining modestly high IQE values for material systems with a small energy offset (<0.1 eV) and a high Voc.
Atmospheric‐Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Iron Pyrite Thin Films
Authors: Berry Nicholas , Cheng Ming , Perkins Craig L. , Limpinsel Moritz , Hemminger John C. , Law Matt 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIron pyrite (cubic FeS2) is a promising candidate absorber material for earth‐abundant thin‐film solar cells. In this report, single‐phase, large‐grain, and uniform polycrystalline pyrite thin films are fabricated on glass and molybdenum‐coated glass substrates by atmospheric‐pressure chemical vapor deposition (AP‐CVD) using the reaction of iron(III) acetylacetonate and tert‐butyl disulfide in argon at 300 °C, followed by sulfur annealing at 500–550 °C to convert marcasite impurities to pyrite. The pyrite‐marcasite phase composition depends strongly on the concentration of sodium in the growth substrate and the sulfur partial pressure during annealing. Phase and elemental composition of the films are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The in‐plane electrical properties are surprisingly insensitive to phase and elemental impurities, with all films showing p‐type, thermally activated transport with a small activation energy (≈30 meV), a room‐ temperature resistivity of ≈1 Ω cm, and low mobility. These ubiquitous electrical properties may result from robust surface effects. These CVD pyrite thin films are well suited to fundamental electrical studies and the fabrication of pyrite photovoltaic device stacks.