bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localization of Stereotactic Targets by Microrecording of Thalamic Somatosensory Evoked Potentials
Authors: Shima Fumio , Morioka Takato , Tobimatsu Shozo , Kavaklis Omiros , Kato Motohiro , Fukui Masashi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
To improve the localization of stereotactic targets, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded from the thalamus and subthalamic area using a specially designed semimicroelectrode in 61 patients and a conventional “macroclectrode” in 17 patients. By means of the semimicroelectrode, median nerve stimulation evoked two distinct SEPs, consisting of a diphasic wave with a huge positivity restricted to the nucleus ventrocaudalis (Vc) and a triphasic wave of lower amplitude with a major negativity in the ventral part of the nucleus ventrointermedius (Vim) and nucleus ventrooralis posterior (Vop) as well as the subthalamic lemniscal pathway. The Vim-Vc junction could thus be clearly delineated by an abrupt transition of SEPs from one type to the other with a precision of 1 mm. The parvicellular part of the Vc (Vcpc). situated in its basal region, was distinguishable from the Vc proper by a significant reduction of the positivity elicited by stimulation of the median nerve and by a rapid growth of a diphasic SEPs to stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve. In the other thalamic nuclei, stimulation of the median nerve elicited triphasic SEPs of a very small amplitude, suggesting a volume conduction current from the lemniscal pathway. With the macroclectrode, the positivity in the Vc was sensitive to electrode manipulation and the thalamic nuclei could not be distinctly outlined. SEP monitoring using the semimicroelectrode significantly improved the precision of target localization, which allowed minimizing of the volume of the therapeutic lesion without losing surgical effectiveness, while avoiding complications associated with increased penetration of the coagulating electrode. It is suggested that recording serial thalamic SEPs with the semimicroelectrode is a practical method to refine stereotactic targets in the thalamus.
Postoperative Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Patients with Large Pituitary Tumors Treated with Operative Decompression and Radiation Therapy
Authors: Nelson Paul B. , Robinson Alan G. , Hirsch William 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Thirty consecutive patients who underwent operative decompression and radiation therapy for large sellar and suprasellar pituitary tumors (⩾2 cm) were studied in terms of the serial computed tomographic (CT) changes. There were 23 men and 7 women. The mean age was 49.6 ± 2.5 years, and the mean follow-up was 45.3 ± 3.9 months. Twenty-eight of the 30 patients had transsphenoidal surgery, and 27 had hormonally inactive tumors. Radiation therapy was begun within 1 month of surgery with a mean dose of 4855 ± 70 cGy. Postoperative CT scans were obtained within 1 month of surgery and at 6- to 12-month intervals thereafter. Fourteen patients (45%) had no suprasellar tumor visualized in either the early postoperative CT scans or on subsequent scans. Eleven patients (35%) had a persistent suprasellar mass during the early postoperative period that resolved on serial CT evaluation. The mean time for resolution was 10.4 ± 1.2 months. Six patients (20%) had a persistent suprasellar mass on serial CT evaluation. A persistent postoperative mass that subsequently resolved in many of the patients was thought to be caused by the gradual retraction of the postoperative packing and hematoma, as well as the effect of radiation on any residual tumor.
Neuropathy Caused by Spontaneous Intraneural Hemorrhage: Case Report
Authors: Poppi Massimo , Staffa Guido , Martinelli Paolo , Fabrizi Antonio P. , Giuliani Giuliano 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A case of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow produced by spontaneous intraneural hemorrhage in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and thrombocytopenia is reported. Intraneural hemorrhage in patients with bleeding disorders occurs infrequently. It consists of acute intrafascicular bleeding, presumably producing very high elevations of endoneurial fluid pressure. The clinical features and treatment of this condition are considered, the pertinent literature is reviewed, and the involved pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed.
Spinal Man after Declaration of Brain Death
Authors: André Turmel , Roux Alain , Bojanowski Michel W. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Complex spinal automatism in a patient who was declared brain dead is described. These movements tend to appear once cerebrospinal shock has abated. We postulate that these manifestations are a reflection of the physiological potential of the isolated spinal cord. These spinal movements should be included in the revised guidelines for the determination of cerebral death.
Spinal Cord Compression from a Thoracic Paraganglioma: Case Report
Authors: Cybulski George R. , Nijensohn Eduardo , Brody Betty A. , Meyer Paul R. , Cohen Bruce 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A 34-year-old man with a 4-month history of midthoracic back pain sought treatment for a recent onset of lower extremity paresthesia and stiffness. A myelogram and computed tomographic myelogram disclosed an extradural block at the level of the 8th thoracic vertebral body with involvement of the pedicles, lamina, and spinous process. A posterior decompression of the spinal cord with subtotal resection of a highly vascular tumor was performed. The tumor was identified as a paraganglioma. In a second stage, the remainder of the tumor was embolized preoperatively, and gross total excision and sequential stabilization of the spine with a Luque rectangle and sublaminar wires were performed. The patient has been symptom free and without signs of a recurrence in the spine for over 13 months. A large abdominal paraganglioma was recently resected from its probable origin from the adventitia of the abdominal aorta.
Adult Peripheral Neuroepithelioma in Meckel's Cave
Authors: Midroni Gyl , Dhanani Al-Noor , Gray Trevor , Tucker William S. , Bilbao Juan M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A case of peripheral neuroepithelioma arising from the trigeminal nerve in Meckel's cave is presented. The discussion emphasizes the pathological criteria for the diagnosis of a peripheral neuroepithelioma and the current controversy about the classification of this and related tumors.
Endoscopic Coagulation of the Choroid Plexus using the Nd:YAG Laser: Initial Experience and Proposal for Management
Authors: Bucholz Richard D. , Pittman Thomas 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Although most patients with hydrocephalus are treated effectively with ventriculoperitoneal shunts, a small group fails to respond to diversion procedures. In some patients within this group, hydrocephalus may be caused in part by the overproduction of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In other patients, previous shunt infections may limit the ability of the peritoneum to absorb fluid, and patient response to a ventriculoperitoneal shunt may be improved by reducing CSF production. We discuss a case of a 29-month-old hydrocephalic infant with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt who had ascites. Computed tomography showed bilateral symmetrical enlargement of the choroid plexus. Repeated cultures of the CSF and shunt tubing were sterile, and the daily production of the CSF exceeded 1000 ml. Therapy with acetazolamide decreased the CSF output temporarily, but it was discontinued after serious electrolyte abnormalities occurred. The endoscopic coagulation of the choroid plexus with a neodymium:YAG laser transmitted through a flexible quartz fiber decreased CSF production effectively. This procedure may be useful in a variety of clinical conditions associated with hydrocephalus or with other intraventricular lesions.
A Huge Intracranial Xanthogranuloma in the Middle Cranial Fossa: Case Report
Authors: Koyama Seigo , Tsubokawa Takashi , Katayama Yoichi , Hirota Hitoshi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Xanthogranulomas of the dura presenting with clinical symptoms are rare. We report here a case of a huge dural xanthogranuloma in the middle cranial fossa. which caused hemiparesis through marked displacement and stenosis of the middle cerebral artery. Although such tumors usually arise in association with histiocytosis X or familial hyperlipoproteinemia, the present case was not associated with these diseases.
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma in a Recurrent Thoracic Chordoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Nanda Anil , Hirsh Leonard F. , Antoiniades Kristina 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Malignant transformation in a recurrent chordoma in the thoracic region is extremely uncommon. One new case, as well as a review of spinal chordomas that have undergone malignant transformation, is reported. Such cases emphasize the importance of the aggressive initial surgical treatment of spinal tumors.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Odontoid Process: Case Report
Authors: Andersen Bruce J. , Paul Goldhagen , Cahill David W. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs); are relatively uncommon, benign lesions. Fully 50% occur in long bones and 20% in the vertebral column, mostly in patients under 20 years of age. We report a case of an ABC in the odontoid process of a 74-year-old who sought treatment for pain and myelopathy. This is the first case reported of an ABC of the odontoid process.
C6 Glioma-Astrocytoma Cell and Fetal Astrocyte Migration into Artificial Basement Membrane: A Permissive Substrate for Neural Tumors but Not Fetal Astrocytes
Authors: Bernstein Jerald J. , Laws Edward R. , Levine Kirstiaan V. , Wood Lawrence R. , Tadvalkar Gauri , Goldberg William J. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Cortically homografted C6 glioma-astrocytoma cells both invade the rat host brain as a mass and migrate as individual cells. In contrast, fetal astrocytes derived from homografted whole pieces of fetal cortex migrate only as individual cells throughout the brain of the rat but are not capable of invasion. Our experiments explored the migratory capacity (over 7 days) of cultured purified fetal astrocytes and C6 cells after seeding 106 cells on a hydrated artificial basement membrane wafer (Matrigel). The artificial basement membrane wafer was not a suitable substrate for the growth of cultured fetal astrocytes. In contrast, C6 cells migrated as individual cells from the surface of the wafer into the substrate. Individual C6 cells migrated 1.8 mm in the first 4 days and then ceased migration. The C6 cells were observed at the base of a digestion tube that extended from and was open to the surface of the wafer. At 3 days, micropockets were observed to form around each C6 cell at the base of each tube. By 7 days, the majority of pockets observed were large and contained several C6 cells. These multiple cell groups appeared to be progenitors of tumor masses. These data indicate that C6 glioma-astrocytoma cells, which in vivo appear to be a model for glioblastoma multiforme, primarily migrate as individual cells through artificial basement membrane and secondarily form tumor masses. Progenitor tumor masses form by coalescence of individual C6 cell micropockets or the division of a single cell in an individual micropocket.
Occipital Meningoceles in Patients with the Dandy-Walker Syndrome
Authors: Bindal Ajay K. , Storrs Bruce B. , McLone David G. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Occipital cephaloceles in the Dandy-Walker syndrome are not rare. To date, 28 cases have been reported. We report on 8 cases of associated occipital meningocele, totalling 16% of all patients with the Dandy-Walker syndrome in our series. In all patients, communication existed between the posterior fossa cyst and the occipital meningocele. In 2 patients, the occipital meningocele disappeared after cerebrospinal fluid shunting and never required surgical repair. It appears that the cranial defect had ossified and resulted in self-closure. Poor intellectual development in persons with the Dandy-Walker syndrome is associated with the presence of other central nervous system and systemic abnormalities and not with occipital meningoceles alone.
Cranial Fasciitis: Case Report
Authors: Inamura Takanori , Takeshita Iwao , Nishio Shunji , Fujiwara Shigeru , Fukui Masashi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A 2-year-old boy with cranial fasciitis is described. He had a rapidly growing subcutaneous right occipital mass, which was associated with a dimple in the overlying skin. It appeared similar to a malignant subcutaneous tumor with skin invasion. Total resection of the tumor was performed, and the histological diagnosis, cranial fasciitis, was confirmed.
Intracranial Metastasis from Carcinoma of the Paranasal Sinus
Authors: Murphy Michael A. , Kaye Andrew H. , Hayes Ian P. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Carcinomas of the paranasal sinuses are locally invasive tumors that only occasionally metastasize. The tumor may spread intracranially by local invasion through the dura into the frontal lobes and extension along the vidian nerve. We describe two cases of cerebellar metastasis in patients with local recurrence and discuss the mechanism of spreading. It is possible that more aggressive treatment of these tumors, which results in longer survival, may be associated with an increased incidence of intracranial metastasis.
Acoustic Schwannomas in Children
Authors: Allcutt David A. , Hoffman Harold J. , Isla Alberta , Becker Laurence E. , Humphreys Robin P. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The clinical presentation and treatment of three cases of acoustic schwannoma occurring in children are described. All the tumors were detected late, when they had attained a large size and were extremely vascular. The use of preoperative tumor embolization as an adjunct to surgical excision is discussed. (Neurosurgery 29:14-18, 1991)
Large Cysts of the Pineal Gland: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Todo Tomoki , Kondo Tatsuya , Shinoura Nobusada , Yamada Ryozo 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Two cases of large, nontumorous cysts of the pineal gland are reported, the histopathology of which was confirmed using surgically resected specimens. Both patients were middle-aged, and the pineal cysts were found incidentally. The histopathological findings in the two cases were strikingly similar to each other and were characterized by the following points: 1) the cyst wall typically consisted of three layers, namely, collagenous fibers, glia-like cells, and normal pineal cells; 2) the cyst wall was relatively thin, approximately 100 to 300 μm in thickness; and 3) deposits of caleification almost always existed on the side of the layer of collagenous fiber. Because these findings are clearly different from those previously reported. large benign cysts of the pineal gland. or at least some of them, may constitute a new pathological entity. It is important to consider this possible pathological diagnosis when dealing with pineal cysts. (Neurosurgery 29:101-106, 1991)
Arteriovenous Malformation in Meningothelial Meningioma: Case Report
Authors: Sawamura Yutaka , Janzer Robert C. , Fankhauser Heinz , de Tribolet Nicolas 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
An unusual association of a meningioma and an arteriovenous malformation is reported. A 68-year-old man developed left homonymous hemianopsia. left hemiparesis. and gaze palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a right occipital mass lesion containing multiple signal-void areas with tubular and honeycomb appearance, suggesting a marked vascular component. An angiogram showed abnormal vasculature in the mass supplied by the posterior cerebral artery and a dural arteriovenous malformation on the tentorium. Neuropathological examination after total removal of the mass revealed a meningothelial meningioma including major portions of an arteriovenous malformation that extended from the dura and leptomeninges. through the meningioma, and into the occipital lobe, where the tumor was located. (Neurosurgery 29:109-113, 1991)
Development of Human Neural Transplantation
Authors: Madrazo Ignacio , Franco-Bourland Rebecca , Aguilera Maricarmen , Ostrosky-Solis Feggy , Cuevas Carlos , Castrejón Hugo , Magalloón Eduardo , Madrazo Mario 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The possibility of altering the course of Parkinson's disease by brain grafting is slowly becoming a reality through the efforts of many research groups worldwide. It has been shown that this procedure, as performed in high-level medical research centers, usually produces no permanent adverse effects and can effectively ameliorate parkinsonian signs in certain patients. This progress has served to reinforce our commitment to develop neural transplantation into an effective therapy to treat such a devastating neurodegenerative disease. We have summarized the most important events that have shaped the initial phase of this research. In the course of the last 4 years, considerable knowledge has been gained in the clinical neurosciences regarding the real potential of various brain grafting procedures in treating Parkinson's disease, their shortcomings, and their usefulness in carefully selected patients. There is still no consensus regarding the various fundamental aspects of human brain grafting in Parkinson's disease. Questions concerning surgical technique, candidate selection, the optimal brain regions for implantation, the optimal tissue for implantation, and the real usefulness of brain grafting must be addressed. The importance of the quality of adrenal medulla fragments for grafting, the requirement for immunosuppressors in fetal brain grafting, and the optimal fetal age and the amount of donor tissue for effective grafting are additional areas of concern. The potential of xenografting, preserved tissues, and genetically engineered cells for human brain grafting remain unanswered. The development of human neural transplantation is the responsibility and privilege of neurosurgery.
Functional Recovery after Traumatic Transtentorial Herniation
Authors: Andrews Brian T. , Pitts Lawrence H. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
To elucidate the factors associated with functional recovery after traumatic transtentorial herniation, we reviewed the records of 153 consecutive patients admitted with clinical signs of transtentorial herniation (altered level of consciousness, anisocoria or pupillary unresponsiveness, and abnormal motor findings). Overall, 28 patients (18%) had a functional outcome: 14 patients (9%) made a good recovery and 14 were moderately disabled. Sixteen patients (10.5%) were severely disabled or vegetative, and 104 (60%) died. Compared with patients who died or were left severely disabled or vegetative, patients who had a good recovery were younger (21 versus 38 years), were significantly more likely to be children (≤17 years old) and have anisocoria and a deteriorating Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), and were significantly less likely to be flaccid or have bilaterally fixed pupils; moderately disabled patients also had a lower median age and a higher frequency of anisocoria. There was no difference in the incidence of significant intracranial hematomas between patients with a functional outcome and those with a nonfunctional outcome. Twenty-seven percent of the 95 patients with anisocoria had a good outcome or moderate disability, whereas only 3.5% of the 58 patients with bilaterally fixed and dilated pupils at admission had a functional recovery (P &lt; 0.05). Age, level of consciousness, and the degree of residual upper brain stem function at admission appear to be the most important determinants of functional outcome after traumatic transtentorial herniation.
Progression of Experimental Infantile Hydrocephalus and Effects of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts: An Analysis Correlating Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Gross Morphology
Authors: McAllister James P. , Cohen Mitchell I. , O'Mara Kathleen A. , Johnson Michele H. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Although previous ultrasonographic studies did monitor ventricular enlargement successfully in experimentally-induced models of feline hydrocephalus, the resolution of neuroanatomic detail was relatively poor after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt because the skull had ossified over the coronal sutures. Therefore, the present study employed magnetic resonance imaging to follow the progression of ventriculomegaly more accurately, as well as to evaluate the compensatory effects of VP shunting. Hydrocephalus was induced in kittens between 7 and 10 days old by injection of kaolin into the cisterna magna. Age-matched controls received similar injections of saline. At 9 to 14 days after the kaolin injection, the hydrocephalic animals received VP shunts. Anesthetized kittens were scanned at various intervals before and after shunt placement and were killed for morphological correlation. The features observed on the magnetic resonance imaging scans were consistent with the gross morphological changes that accompanied ventricular enlargement. The lateral ventricle began to enlarge as early as 1 day after the kaolin injection, and within 3 days, both the occipital and temporal horns, along with the 4th ventricle, showed signs of moderate dilatation. By 5 days, a bilateral communication had been established through the septum pellucidum. Continued expansion of the ventricular system occurred from 6 to 20 days after injection, to the point where the cerebral cortex was reduced to less than 25% of its original thickness. The internal capsule was stretched and edematous, the caudate nucleus was compressed ventrolaterally, and the cerebellar hemispheres were eroded and/or compressed. Animals in which shunts were successfully placed demonstrated a dramatic improvement in behavior, and a reduction of about 50% in the size of the lateral ventricles within 2 days. In some cases, the lateral ventricles became slit-like within 1 week. When they were killed, about half of the animals that received shunts exhibited mild to moderate ventriculomegaly. These results indicate that magnetic resonance imaging is an excellent method for visualizing the morphological changes associated with this animal model, that these alterations occur soon after the onset of hydrocephalus, and that VP shunting can successfully reduce ventriculomegaly.
Craniopharyngioma of the Posterior Fossa
Authors: Gokalp Hamit Z. , Egemen Nihat , Ildan Faruk , Bacaci Kadri 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A case of craniopharyngioma originating in the very unusual location of the posterior fossa is presented. The patient, a 23-year-old man, was operated on at another hospital when he was 3 years old for craniopharyngioma in the suprasellar area. There was no complaint for several years after this initial operation. Three months before he was admitted to our hospital, he had complaints of headache, vomiting, nausea, and ataxia. A computed tomographic scan revealed a mass with a cyst and calcifications in the posterior fossa. The tumor was removed totally.
Multiple Growths of Primary Calvarial Meningiomas
Authors: Nakao Naoyuki , Kubo Kenji , Moriwaki Hiroshi 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The authors present the case of a 68-year-old woman with multiple growths of primary calvarial meningiomas. Histological examination revealed one tumor arising in the left parietal bone that showed some malignant aspects, including hypercellularity, cellular pleomorphism, necrotic foci, and some mitoses; the tumor partially had a meningotheliomatous pattern. Two other tumors in the right parietal bone were meningotheliomatous meningiomas without any malignant features. With a review of the literature, the pathogenesis of the multiplicity is discussed.