bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reimplantation of cultivated human bone cells from the posterior maxilla for sinus floor augmentation. Histological results from a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Hermund Niels Ulrich , Stavropoulos Andreas , Donatsky Ole , Nielsen Henrik , Clausen Christian , Reibel Jesper , Pakkenberg Bente , Holmstrup Palle 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present randomized clinical study was to evaluate histologically whether the addition of cultivated, autogenous bone cells to a composite graft of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and autogenous bone (AB) for sinus floor augmentation (SFA) enhance bone formation compared with what achieved after SFA with DBBM + AB alone.Material and methodsTwenty patients with remaining posterior maxillary alveolar crest height of less than 3 mm received SFA after randomization either with an DBBM and AB composite in a 1 : 1 ratio or with DBBM + AB supplemented with autogenous bone cells, which were cultivated from a bone biopsy harvested earlier from the tuberosity area. Four months after SFA, two cylindrical biopsies were taken from the augmented sinuses concomitantly with the implant site preparation by means of a trephine bur. An additional biopsy was taken from the tuberosity area. Bone density at the augmented sinus and the tuberosity area and the height of augmentation were estimated on non‐decalcified histological sections prepared from the biopsies. A relative bone density index (RBD) was also calculated by dividing bone density at the augmented sinus with bone density at the tuberosity area.ResultsAll patients but one could receive two implants after SFA; in one patient, only one implant could be placed. All implants were osseointegrated and could be loaded. Median bone density in the sinus was 30% and 25% in the cell seeded and no‐cells added DBBM + AB groups, respectively. Bone augmentation height averaged 6.0 and 5.4 mm and RBD averaged 0.48 and 0.73 in the cell seeded and no‐cells added DBBM + AB groups, respectively. None of the differences between groups was statistically significant.ConclusionsCultivated autogenous bone cell seeded to a DBBM + AB composite did not significantly improve bone formation (density and height) after SFA, compared with what was achieved with DBBM + AB alone. Both approaches resulted into enough bone to support implant placement and osseointegration.
Dimensions of buccal bone and mucosa at immediately placed implants after 7 years: a clinical and cone beam computed tomography study
Authors: Benic Goran I. , Mokti Muizzaddin , Chen Chun‐Jung , Weber Hans‐Peter , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Gallucci German O. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the dimensions of buccal bone and soft tissue at immediately placed implants over a 7‐year period.Material and methodsTwenty‐four patients, that participated in a clinical prospective study and received implants immediately placed into extraction socket, were enrolled for this study. Residual bone defects were grafted with xenogenic bone substitute and covered by means of collagen membrane. Baseline examination included measurements of full‐mouth plaque and bleeding scores, width of keratinized mucosa, and dimensions of residual bone defects at the buccal aspect. Seven years after implant placement, full‐mouth plaque score, full‐mouth bleeding score, width of keratinized mucosa, and probing pocket depth were assessed and cone beam computed tomography images acquired. Dimensions of buccal bone and soft tissue were evaluated on the cross‐sectional cone beam computed tomography reconstructions. Differences between two time‐points were tested using the two‐sided t‐test. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the influence of baseline bone defect dimensions on the bone dimensions measured at the 7‐year follow‐up.Results and conclusionsFourteen patients attended the follow‐up examination. In five implants almost no buccal bone was detected, whereas in the remaining nine implants the buccal bone was found covering the rough implant surface. No correlation was found between initial bone defects and bone dimensions at the follow‐up examination. The sites without radiographically detectable buccal bone at the 7‐year control presented with 1 mm more apical mucosal level in comparison to implants with intact buccal bone.
Are marginal bone levels and implant stability/mobility affected by single‐stage platform switched dental implants? A comparative clinical study
Authors: Dursun Erhan , Tulunoglu Ibrahim , Canpınar Pınar , Uysal Serdar , Akalın Ferda Alev , Tözüm Tolga F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate short‐term bone level and stability/mobility measurement alterations at platform switched (PS) and standard platform (SP) implants placed in mandibular premolar/molar regions using a single‐stage protocol.Materials and methodsSixteen PS and 16 SP implants restorated with fixed prosthesis were included. Standard implant dimensions were used for both implant systems. After 3 months of osseointegration, implants were connected to abutments and final restorations were performed. Marginal bone loss was measured by standardized periapical radiographs. Implant stability/mobility was determined by resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and mobility measuring (MM) device values. Peri‐implant parameters were evaluated with clinical periodontal indices and all parameters were assessed at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgery.ResultsAfter 6 months, all implants showed uneventful healing. Radiographic evaluation showed a mean bone loss of 0.72 mm for PS and 0.56 mm for SP implants, and there were no significant differences between implant types. At 6 months, mean implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were 73.38 and 77 for PS and SP implants, respectively. Mean MM values were −4.75 for PS and −6.38 for SP implants. Mean MM values were lower for SP implants compared to PS implants at all time points. No significant differences were detected between implant types according to clinical peri‐implant parameters.ConclusionsThe micro‐gap at crestal level which immediately exposed to the oral cavity in non‐submerged two part implants seems to have adverse influence on the marginal bone level.
Bacterial leakage along the implant–abutment interface: culture and DNA Checkerboard hybridization analyses
Authors: do Nascimento Cássio , Miani Paola Kirsten , Pedrazzi Vinícius , Muller Kátia , de Albuquerque Junior Rubens Ferreira 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveBacterial species have been found harboring the internal surface of dental implants as consequence of their failed connections. The aim of the present study was to compare the detection frequency of bacterial leakage from human saliva through the implant–abutment interface, under non‐loading conditions, using either DNA Checkerboard or culture method.Materials and methodsThirty dental implants with hexagonal platforms were connected to pre‐machined abutments according to the manufacturers’ specifications. The assemblies were individually incubated in human saliva under anaerobic conditions for 7 days at 37°C. Afterward, contents from the inner parts of the implants were collected and evaluated with either DNA Checkerboard (s = 15) or culture (n = 15). Subsequently, identification and quantitation of bacterial species from saliva and implants were carried out for the group evaluated with the DNA Checkerboard method.ResultsBoth DNA Checkerboard and culture showed positive signals of bacterial leakage in 6 of the 15 evaluated samples. Capnocytophaga gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans were the most frequently detected species harboring the internal surface of the implants followed by Veillonella parvula.ConclusionOccurrence of bacterial leakage along the implant–abutment interface is comparably detected with both DNA Checkerboard hybridization and conventional culture methods.
Sowing of low and high diversity seed mixtures in ecological restoration of surface mined‐land
Authors: Kirmer Anita , Baasch Annett , Tischew Sabine 
Published: September 2011

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the differences in speed and pathway of vegetation development on nutrient‐poor, unvegetated slopes sown with low‐diversity seed mixtures of cultivars and high‐diversity seed mixtures of regional species? And how is the susceptibility of the different sowing treatments to immigration events via seed rain? We compared differences in using a low‐diversity seed mixture in comparison with a high‐diversity seed mixture, both sown on nutrient‐deficient raw soil. We assessed differences of speed and pathway of vegetation development of different variants as well as their susceptibility to immigration events via seed rain.LocationCentralGerman Lignite Mining District.MethodsIn December 2004, the trial was established in complete block design with four variants: sowing of a low‐diversity seed mixture with three grass cultivars and sowing of a high‐diversity seed mixture with 40 herbs and 11 grasses of local provenance, both with and without an additional mulch layer. Vegetation surveys were made between 2005 and 2010. Using generalized linear models (GLM), we tested for treatment effects on species diversity, above‐ground biomass, total coverage of vegetation as well as number and coverage of target grassland species. In addition, we estimatedBray‐Curtis distances between treatments using non‐metric‐multidimensional scaling.ResultsSowing of a high‐diversity seed mixture clearly accelerated the vegetation development and led to a significantly higher biomass production in the 1st year. On both variants, the additional mulch layer facilitated the establishment of sown species and led to a higher coverage of the herb layer in the 1st year. After 6 yr, the influence of the mulch layer decreased for the benefit of the seed mixture. Despite species exchange between sites, sites sown with different seed mixtures were still dominated by different sets of species in the final year of our study. Whereas high‐diversity mixtures sped up vegetation development in the direction of highly diverse semi‐natural grasslands, low‐diversity mixtures considerably delayed the successional progress.ConclusionsIn grassland restoration in surface‐mined land, high‐diversity mixtures performed similar or even better than low‐diversity mixtures of grass cultivars with respect to ecosystem services such as biomass production and ground cover (erosion control). An additional mulch layer considerably accelerated the vegetation development in the 1st years on both sowing variants. In contrast to sowing of low‐diversity seed mixtures of grass cultivars, the use of high‐diversity seed mixtures of local provenance contributes to the enhancement of local biodiversity. Although target grassland species were able to migrate into the low‐diversity sites, this process is slow and only possible when appropriate seed sources are nearby.
Transient relativistic ejections and stationary core in XTE J1752−223
Authors: Yang J. , Paragi Z. , Corbel S. , Gurvits L. I. , Campbell R. M. , Brocksopp C. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT
The Galactic X-ray transient XTE J1752−223 was shown to have properties of black hole binary candidates. As reported in our previous paper, we identified transient and decelerating ejecta in multi-epoch Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations with the European VLBI Network (EVN) and the NRAO Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). Here we present new EVN and VLBA data in which a new transient ejection event and later a stationary component are identified. The latter is interpreted as a reappearance of the radio core/compact jet during the transition from soft to hard X-ray state. This component appears to be highly variable in brightness although effects of tropospheric instabilities might play a role too. We also re-analyse the earlier VLBI data and find that the transient ejecta closer to the core position has significantly higher proper motion, further strengthening the case for strongly decelerating ejecta on the scale of several hundred milliarcsecond, never observed in X-ray binaries before. Although the distance of the source is not well constrained, it is clear that these ejectas are at least mildly relativistic at the early stages. Moreover, we show the large scale environment of the transient from the Westerbork synthesis array data recorded in parallel during the EVN run.
Interpreting clinical trial results for moderate‐to‐severe rheumatoid arthritis: Practical applications for rheumatology healthcare providers
Authors: Furfaro Nicole , Mease Philip J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPurpose: To provide a general overview of clinical trials and more specifically define measurements common to rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials for the purpose of providing a foundation for rheumatology healthcare providers to translate clinical trial findings into their clinical practice and enhance their patient education discussions.Data sources: English‐language publications cited in the MEDLINE database were used to develop the content of this review article.Conclusions: The role of rheumatology healthcare providers has evolved to include numerous vital functions, such as expanding communication between specialists and primary care providers, patient education and counseling, assistance with coping strategies, monitoring response to therapy, and administration of therapy. Education regarding clinical trial design, rationale, and discussion of endpoints has not been strongly emphasized for rheumatology healthcare providers who are increasingly introduced to novel agents and need to assimilate findings from clinical trials into daily practice.Implications for practice: Familiarity with the basics of clinical trial design and efficacy endpoints of new rheumatoid arthritis therapeutics, translation and application of that knowledge into daily practice, and the ability to explain this information with patients will further enhance the ability of the rheumatology healthcare provider to optimize care for their patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Negation, Denial, and Rejection
Authors: Ripley David 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAt least since Frege (1960) and Geach (1965), there has been some consensus about the relation between negation, the speech act of denial, and the attitude of rejection: a denial, the consensus has had it, is the assertion of a negation, and a rejection is a belief in a negation. Recently, though, there have been notable deviations from this orthodox view. Rejectivists have maintained that negation is to be explained in terms of denial or rejection, rather than vice versa. Some other theorists have maintained that negation is a separate phenomenon from denial, and that neither is to be explained in terms of the other. In this paper, I present and consider these heterodox theories of the relation between negation, denial, and rejection
Aesthetics of Opera
Authors: Thom Paul 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn inclusive sense of ‘opera’ is distinguished from the Western high‐art sense. The problem of aesthetic unity in opera is discussed in relation to (i) hybrid art forms (Kivy’s idea of antithetical arts, Levinson’s account of hybridity, and Ridley’s critique of it); (ii) specific operatic styles (Hegel on Handel and Rossini, Kerman, Kivy and Davies on Mozart, Goehr and Magee on Wagner); (iii) individual operatic productions and performances (Tanner on Kupfer, Williams on Sellars). The article includes links to video clips from operatic performances.
Introduction to the Philosophy of Statistical Mechanics: Can Probability Explain the Arrow of Time in the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
Authors: Shenker Orly , Hemmo Meir 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe arrow of time is a familiar phenomenon we all know from our experience: we remember the past but not the future and control the future but not the past. However, it takes an effort to keep records of the past, and to affect the future. For example, it would take an immense effort to unmix coffee and milk, although we easily mix them. Such time directed phenomena are subsumed under the Second Law of Thermodynamics. This law characterizes our experience of the arrow of time in terms of an increase of a theoretical magnitude called entropy. Statistical mechanics tries to explain the Second Law as an effect of the behavior of the microscopic particles that make up the universe. Since our senses are too coarse to see this microstructure, statistical mechanics describes our experience in terms of probability, or in terms of the partial information we have about the particles. In this paper we explain the workings of statistical mechanics; how it accounts for probability as an objective feature of the world based on the underlying dynamics; how it accounts for our memories of the past; how the statistical mechanical probability underwrites the Second Law; and how, at the same time, it leads to a violation of the Second Law by the so‐called Maxwell’s Demon.
The increased prevalence of myopia in Finland
Authors: Pärssinen Olavi 
Published: September 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  To study change in the prevalence of myopia in Finland during the 20th century.Methods:  A review of the literature on the prevalence of myopia in Finland.Results:  During the 20th century, the prevalence of myopia among 7‐ to 8‐year‐old schoolchildren did not increase in Finland and varied between 0.5% and 1.9%. Among 14‐ to 15‐year‐old school children, myopia doubled to about 21%. Among adults born during the first three decades of the 20th century, the prevalence of myopia was <10%, whereas among those born during the second half of the 20th century, the prevalence rose to 21–30%. The change in mean refraction was towards myopia.Conclusions:  During the course of the 20th century, myopia among teenagers and adults in Finland significantly increased and the mean change in refraction was towards myopia. Increased education is proposed as the main reason behind these changes.
Characterization of solitary pulmonary nodules using double phase Tc‐99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile scan: Comparison of visual and quantitative analyses
Authors: Kim Seong‐Jang , Kim In Joo , Kim Yun‐Seong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:  We assessed the diagnostic usefulness of Tc‐99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for the evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN).Methods:  Thirty‐five patients (17 malignant and 18 benign) were recruited. Double phase Tc‐99m MIBI SPECT was performed 10 min and then 2 h after an injection of 925 MBq of Tc‐99m MIBI. Visual interpretation grades of the Tc‐99m MIBI scan were used for the determination of SPN characteristics. Receiver–operator curve analyses were performed for the optimal cut‐off values of visual and quantitative indices for differentiation of benign and malignant SPN.Results:  The optimal visual grades were grade 4 and 5. When 3+ was used as the cut‐off value for the detection of malignant SPN, the sensitivity and specificity of Tc‐99m SPECT were 47.1% and 88.9%, respectively. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.758. The optimal planar lesions to non‐lesion (L/N) ratios were 2.3 for the early image and 1.6 for the delayed image. The optimal SPECT L/N ratios were 3.1 for the early and 1.6 for the delayed image. The SPECT early L/N was superior to other quantitative indices and visual analysis.Conclusion:  This study shows that Tc‐99m MIBI SPECT is a useful non‐invasive method for the evaluation of SPN.
Enhanced Effect of DNA Immunization plus
In Vivo
Electroporation with a Combination of Hepatitis B Virus Core-PreS1 and S-PreS1 Plasmids
Authors: Chen Hong , Wen Bo , Deng Yao , Wang Wen , Yin Xiao , Guan Jie , Ruan Li , Tan Wenjie 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACT
To develop a novel, effective HBV therapeutic vaccine, we constructed two HBV DNA immunogens that contained PreS1, HBSS1, and HBCS1. Several delivery methods, such as intramuscular (i.m.) injection, intramuscular injection plus electroporation (i.m.-EP), and intradermal injection plus electroporation (i.d.-EP) were used in a murine model to analyze and compare the immune responses that were induced by the DNA immunogens. We found that i.d.-EP accelerated specific antibody seroconversion and produced high antibody (anti-PreS1, anti-S, and anti-C antibody) titers after HBSS1 and HBCS1 immunization. Combining the HBSS1 and HBCS1 DNA immunogens with i.d.-EP produced the strongest multiantigen (PreS1, S, and C)-specific cellular immune response and the highest specific PreS1 antibody levels. The results indicated that DNA immunization using HBSS1 and HBCS1 might be an ideal candidate, with its ability to elicit robust B and T cell immune responses against multiantigen when combined with optimized delivery technology. The present study provides a basis for the design and rational application of a novel HBV DNA vaccine.
Anti-Gamma Interferon Antibodies Enhance the Immunogenicity of Recombinant Adenovirus Vectors
Authors: Jackson Shawn S. , Schmitz Jörn E. , Letvin Norman L. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTVaccination for eliciting antigen-specific memory CD8+T cells may be facilitated by manipulating the pleiotropic effects of gamma interferon (IFN-γ). We assessed strategies for modulating the contribution of IFN-γ during the development of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) populations. We first showed that recombinant IFN-γ suppressed antigen expressionin vitrofrom a recombinant adenovirus (rAd) vector in a dose-dependent manner and that addition of an anti-IFN-γ antibody (Ab) eliminated this suppression. Consistent with thesein vitrofindings, we found that HIV-1 envelope (Env)-specific CTL responses were higher in IFN-γ-knockout (GKO) mice than in wild-type mice following immunization with rAd. Since these observations suggested that IFN-γ might suppress rAd-induced CTL development, we assessed the ability of anti-IFN-γ Ab administration to augment rAd-elicited CTLin vivo. In fact, blockage of IFN-γ activity by monoclonal Ab administration was associated with elevated levels of interleukin 7 receptor alpha chain-positive (IL-7Rα+) Env-specific CTL populations postboost. These observations illustrate the utility of an anti-IFN-γ Ab for potentiating rAd immunizations to effect quantitative and qualitative changes in the effector and memory CTL populations.