bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of claims‐based diagnostic and procedure codes for cardiovascular and gastrointestinal serious adverse events in a commercially‐insured population
Authors: Wahl Peter M. , Rodgers Keith , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Gage Brian F. , Butler Javed , Wilmer Charles , Nash Marshall , Esper Gregory , Gitlin Norman , Osborn Neal , Short Louise J. , Bohn Rhonda L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurposeTo validate administrative claims codes with medical chart review for myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, and severe upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleed events in a large, commercially‐insured US population.MethodsThese validation studies were part of a larger study examining the risk of MI, ischemic stroke, and severe UGI bleeds in patients receiving a new prescription of selective cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitors (coxibs) and non‐over‐the‐counter (OTC) non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), between 1 July 2002 and 30 September 2004. Patients from the study cohort and other health plan members from the HealthCore Integrated Research DatabaseSM (HIRD) experiencing these events were selected for these studies. The positive predictive value (PPV) of each of the claims code algorithms, using medical chart review as the gold standard, was calculated.ResultsTwo hundred charts per event were abstracted. The PPV for MI was 88.4% (177/200; 95%CI, 83.2–92.5%); PPV for ischemic stroke was 87.4% (175/200; 95%CI, 82.0–91.7%); PPV for severe UGI bleed was 56.5% (109/193; 95%CI, 49.2–63.6%). Refining the ischemic stroke claims algorithm resulted in a PPV of 95.5% (95%CI, 91.0–98.2%); refining the claims algorithm for severe UGI bleed resulted in a PPV of 87.8% (95%CI, 78.7–94.0%).ConclusionThe results suggest that, for certain adverse events, claims data can serve as the basis for pharmacoepidemiology research and drug safety surveillance in the US. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual Expert Mass Spectrometrist: iTRAQ tool for database‐dependent search, quantitation and result storage
Authors: Rodríguez‐Suárez Eva , Gubb Ewa , Alzueta Itziar Frades , Falcón‐Pérez Juan Manuel , Amorim António , Elortza Felix , Matthiesen Rune 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA frequent goal of MS‐based proteomics experiments nowadays is to quantify changes in the abundance of proteins across several biological samples. The iTRAQ labeling method is a powerful technique; when combined with LC coupled to MS/MS it allows relative quantitation of up to eight different samples simultaneously. Despite the usefulness of iTRAQ current software solutions have limited functionality and require the combined use of several software programs for analysis of the data from different MS vendors. We developed an integrated tool, now available in the virtual expert mass spectrometrist (VEMS) program, for database‐dependent search of MS/MS spectra, quantitation and database storage for iTRAQ‐labeled samples. VEMS also provides useful alternative report types for large‐scale quantitative experiments. The implemented statistical algorithms build on quantitative algorithms previously used in proposed iTRAQ tools as described in detail herein. We propose a new algorithm, which provides more accurate peptide ratios for data that show an intensity‐dependent saturation. The accuracy of the proposed iTRAQ algorithm and the performance of VEMS are demonstrated by comparing results from VEMS, MASCOT and PEAKS Q obtained by analyzing data from a reference mixture of six proteins. Users can download VEMS and test data from “http://www.portugene.com/software.html”.
A comparative proteomic analysis of HepG2 cells incubated by S(−) and R(+) enantiomers of anti‐coagulating drug warfarin
Authors: Bai Jing , Sadrolodabaee Laleh , Ching Chi Bun , Chowbay Balram , Ning Chen Wei 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWarfarin is a commonly prescribed oral anti‐coagulant with narrow therapeutic index. It interferes with vitamin K cycle to achieve anti‐coagulating effects. Warfarin has two enantiomers, S(−) and R(+) and undergoes stereoselective metabolism, with the S(−) enantiomer being more effective. We reported that the intracellular protein profile in HepG2 cells incubated with S(−) and R(+) warfarin, using iTRAQ‐coupled 2‐D LC‐MS/MS. In samples incubated with S(−) and R(+) warfarin alone, the multi‐task protein Protein SET showed significant elevation in cells incubated with S(−) warfarin but not in those incubated with R(+) warfarin. In cells incubated with individual enantiomers of warfarin in the presence of vitamin K, protein disulfide isomerase A3 which is known as a glucose‐regulated protein, in cells incubated with S(−) warfarin was found to be down‐regulated compared to those incubated with R(+) warfarin. In addition, Protein DJ‐1 and 14‐3‐3 Proteinσ were down‐regulated in cells incubated with either S(−) or R(+) warfarin regardless of the presence of vitamin K. Our results indicated that Protein DJ‐1 may act as an enzyme for expression of essential enzymes in vitamin K cycle. Taken together, our findings provided molecular evidence on a comprehensive protein profile on warfarin–cell interaction, which may shed new lights on future improvement of warfarin therapy.
Social outcomes of long‐term survivors of adolescent cancer
Authors: Dieluweit Ute , Debatin Klaus‐Michael , Grabow Desiree , Kaatsch Peter , Peter Richard , Seitz Diana C. M. , Goldbeck Lutz 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectives: The study investigates psychosexual and family outcomes among German long‐term survivors of adolescent cancer.Methods: Survivors of cancer during adolescence (n=820; age at onset of disease: M=15.8 years, SD=0.9, age at follow‐up: M=30.4, SD=6.0 years) completed questionnaires on their family life and their psychosexual and autonomy development. Outcomes were compared to an age‐matched sample (German Socio‐Economic Panel, G‐SOEP, n=820, age: M=30.4, SD=6.7 years) from the general population and to a control group of adults without cancer (n=1027, age: M=31.5, SD=7.0 years).Results: Compared to controls of the same sex, female survivors had achieved fewer developmental milestones in their psychosexual development such as having their first boyfriend, or reached these milestones later, and reported a significantly stronger desire for children. Male survivors were more likely to live with their parents when compared to same sex controls. Equivalent proportions of survivors and persons in the G‐SOEP were living in a long‐term relationship; however, survivors were less likely to have ever married or had children. At first marriage and at the birth of their first child, survivors were significantly older compared to the G‐SOEP. About 14.5% of survivors reported cancer‐related infertility.Conclusions: Survivors of adolescent cancer experience some social late effects of the disease in adulthood, such as a delayed social development as well as substantial differences in their family life and living conditions compared to healthy peers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An MSE‐reduced estimator for the response proportion in a two‐stage clinical trial
Authors: Li Qizhai 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTwo‐stage design is very useful in clinical trials for evaluating the validity of a specific treatment regimen. When the second stage is allowed to continue, the method used to estimate the response rate based on the results of both stages is critical for the subsequent design. The often‐used sample proportion has an evident upward bias. However, the maximum likelihood estimator or the moment estimator tends to underestimate the response rate. A mean‐square error weighted estimator is considered here; its performance is thoroughly investigated via Simon's optimal and minimax designs and Shuster's design. Compared with the sample proportion, the proposed method has a smaller bias, and compared with the maximum likelihood estimator, the proposed method has a smaller mean‐square error. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Process and recyclability analyses of innovative bio‐composite for tray
Authors: Bras Julien , Mendez José Alberto , Krouit Mohammed , Lopez Joan Pere , Pelach Maria‐Angels , Belgacem Naceur 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe originality of the present study is to give complete and pragmatic information associated with the preparation of a totally bio‐based composite. It covers the most relevant investigations from analyses of the fibres used as reinforcing elements to the final product acquisition and its recyclability analyses. This study is destined for packaging areas. It demonstrates the three‐dimensional formation processes with these new kinds of bio‐composites, as well as the recyclable features related to the prepared materials. Thus, several processing parameters were studied and a final tray was prepared. The addition of the fibres gives rise to an increase of the tray stiffness, when a flexible biopolymer is used as a matrix. The prepared bio‐composites were recycled several times (10 recycling cycles) and found that they maintain their most relevant characteristics. Thus, such bio‐composites can be reused several times. All these data, including a prototype sample prepared as a demonstrator, support the innovative and sustainable character of the packaging materials described. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation on the magnesium segregation in low‐magnesium aluminium alloys
Authors: Guillot J. , Valle N. , Maitre E. , Verdier S. , Migeon H.‐N. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper studies the magnesium migration phenomenon during annealing in 8xxx series alloy with magnesium bulk content in the range of 20–240 ppm. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry are used to determine the Mg surface concentration and distribution in the aluminium oxide layer depending on the magnesium bulk concentration and the annealing duration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Software Cartography: thematic software visualization with consistent layout
Authors: Kuhn Adrian , Erni David , Loretan Peter , Nierstrasz Oscar 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSoftware visualizations can provide a concise overview of a complex software system. Unfortunately, as software has no physical shape, there is no ‘natural’ mapping of software to a two‐dimensional space. As a consequence most visualizations tend to use a layout in which position and distance have no meaning, and consequently layout typically diverges from one visualization to another. We propose an approach to consistent layout for software visualization, calledSoftware Cartography, in which the position of a software artifact reflects itsvocabulary, and distance corresponds to similarity of vocabulary. We use Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) to map software artifacts to a vector space, and then use Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) to map this vector space down to two dimensions. The resulting consistent layout allows us to develop a variety of thematicsoftware mapsthat express very different aspects of software while making it easy to compare them. The approach is especially suitable for comparing views of evolving software, as the vocabulary of software artifacts tends to be stable over time. We present a prototype implementation of Software Cartography, and illustrate its use with practical examples from numerous open‐source case studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Connecting high school physics experiences, outcome expectations, physics identity, and physics career choice: A gender study
Authors: Hazari Zahra , Sonnert Gerhard , Sadler Philip M. , Shanahan Marie‐Claire 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study explores how students' physics identities are shaped by their experiences in high school physics classes and by their career outcome expectations. The theoretical framework focuses on physics identity and includes the dimensions of student performance, competence, recognition by others, and interest. Drawing data from the Persistence Research in Science and Engineering (PRiSE) project, which surveyed college English students nationally about their backgrounds, high school science experiences, and science attitudes, the study uses multiple regression to examine the responses of 3,829 students from 34 randomly selected US colleges/universities. Confirming the salience of the identity dimension for young persons' occupational plans, the measure for students' physics identity used in this study was found to strongly predict their intended choice of a physics career. Physics identity, in turn, was found to correlate positively with a desire for an intrinsically fulfilling career and negatively with a desire for personal/family time and opportunities to work with others. Physics identity was also positively predicted by several high school physics characteristics/experiences such as a focus on conceptual understanding, real‐world/contextual connections, students answering questions or making comments, students teaching classmates, and having an encouraging teacher. Even though equally beneficial for both genders, females reported experiencing a conceptual focus and real‐world/contextual connections less frequently. The explicit discussion of under‐representation of women in science was positively related to physics identity for female students but had no impact for male students. Surprisingly, several experiences that were hypothesized to be important for females' physics identity were found to be non‐significant including having female scientist guest speakers, discussion of women scientists' work, and the frequency of group work. This study exemplifies a useful theoretical framework based on identity, which can be employed to further examine persistence in science, and illustrates possible avenues for change in high school physics teaching. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 978–1003, 2010
Epiphenomenalism
Authors: Robinson William S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractEpiphenomenalists hold that mental properties are not reducible to neural properties and are not efficacious. The view and its motivations are explained for two kinds of mental properties. Objections, and replies on behalf of epiphenomenalism, are considered. While strict epiphenomenalism is a philosophical view, there are related views that have some empirical support. Examples of this work are discussed, and their relation to the strictly philosophical view is explained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:Philosophy > Consciousness
Hormonal effects on the plasticity of cognitive brain functions
Authors: Hausmann Markus 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSex hormones have powerful neuronal actions in the brain and affect the interaction between functionally linked cortical areas within and across cerebral hemispheres, probably via their neuromodulatory properties on gamma‐aminobutyric acid and glutamate receptors. Menstrual cycle‐related dynamic fluctuations in functional cerebral asymmetries and interhemispheric crosstalk have been shown to be a useful experimental model to investigate the activating effects of sex hormones on cognitive brain functions, particularly those of estradiol and progesterone. Besides a better understanding of sex hormonal effects on cognitive brain functions, this research may significantly contribute to addressing the question of whether sex differences in cognitive brain functioning truly exist and where they originate from. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction
Neuroscience > Cognition
The self: as a construct in psychology and neuropsychological evidence for its multiplicity
Authors: Klein Stanley B. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWhatisthe self? Philosophers and psychologists pursuing an answer to this question immediately find themselves immersed in a host of questions about mind and body, subject and object, object and process, the homunculus, free will, self‐awareness, and a variety of other puzzling matters that largely have eluded satisfying theoretical explication. In this paper I argue that some of this difficulty is attributable to our implicit, phenomenologically‐based belief that the self is unitary entity—i.e., a singular “I” that remembers, chooses, thinks, plans, and feels. In this article I address the question of what the self is by reviewing research, conducted primarily with neuropsychological participants, that converges on the idea that the self may be more complex and differentiated than many previous treatments of the topic have assumed. Although some aspects of self‐knowledge such as episodic recollection may be compromised by cognitive and neurological disorders, other aspects—for instance, semantic trait summaries—appear largely intact. Taken together, these findings support the idea that there is no single, unified “I” to be found. Rather, I argue “the” self may best be construed as a set of interrelated, functionally independent systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:Psychology > Memory
Simulation theory
Authors: Shanton Karen , Goldman Alvin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSimulation plays a significant role in human cognition. This article reviews evidence for a simulational account of mind reading. Drawing on findings in developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience, it shows that mind reading involves the imitation, copying, or reexperience of the mind reading target's mental processes. The article also introduces evidence for simulational accounts of episodic memory and prospection. It identifies relevant similarities between mind reading, memory, and prospection as well as independent evidence for a role for simulation in memory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Philosophy > Action
Inductive reasoning
Authors: Hayes Brett K. , Heit Evan , Swendsen Haruka 
Published: February 2010

AbstractInductive reasoning entails using existing knowledge or observations to make predictions about novel cases. We review recent findings in research on category‐based induction as well as theoretical models of these results, including similarity‐based models, connectionist networks, an account based on relevance theory, Bayesian models, and other mathematical models. A number of touchstone empirical phenomena that involve taxonomic similarity are described. We also examine phenomena involving more complex background knowledge about premises and conclusions of inductive arguments and the properties referenced. Earlier models are shown to give a good account of similarity‐based phenomena but not knowledge‐based phenomena. Recent models that aim to account for both similarity‐based and knowledge‐based phenomena are reviewed and evaluated. Among the most important new directions in induction research are a focus on induction with uncertain premise categories, the modeling of the relationship between inductive and deductive reasoning, and examination of the neural substrates of induction. A common theme in both the well‐established and emerging lines of induction research is the need to develop well‐articulated and empirically testable formal models of induction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making
Systems analysis of alternative splicing and its regulation
Authors: Xiao Xinshu , Lee Jae‐Hyung 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAlternative splicing (AS) has emerged as a key mechanism that accounts for gene expression diversity in metazoan organisms. Splicing is tightly regulated by a repertoire of RNA and protein factors and RNA sequence elements that function in a cooperative manner. Systems‐level experimental and computational approaches have been instrumental in establishing comprehensive profiles of transcript variants generated by AS. In addition, systems biology approaches are starting to define how combinatorial splicing regulation shapes the complex splicing phenotypes observed in different tissue types and developmental stages and under different conditions. Here, we review recent progress in these areas. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
What do population‐level welfare indices suggest about the well‐being of zoo elephants?
Authors: Mason Georgia J. , Veasey Jake S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTo assess zoo elephants' welfare using objective population‐level indices, we sought data from zoos and other protected populations (potential “benchmarks”) on variables affected by poor well‐being. Such data were available on fecundity, potential fertility, stillbirths, infant mortality, adult survivorship, and stereotypic behavior. Most of these can also be affected by factors unrelated to well‐being; therefore, for each, we analyzed the potential role of these other factors. Population‐level comparisons generally indicate poor reproduction, and poor infant and adult survivorship in zoos compared with benchmark populations (with some differences between zoo regions and over time). Stereotypic behavior also occurs in c. 60% of zoo elephants; as the population‐level welfare index least open to alternative interpretations, this represents the strongest evidence that well‐being is/has been widely compromised. Poor well‐being is a parsimonious explanation for the diverse range of population‐level effects seen, but to test this hypothesis properly, data are now needed on, for example, potential confounds that can affect these indices (to partition out effects of factors unrelated to well‐being), and causes of the observed temporal effects, and differences between species and zoo regions. Regardless of whether such additional data implicate poor well‐being, our findings suggest that elephant management has generally been sub‐optimal. We also discuss the selection and utilization of benchmark data, as a useful future approach for evaluating such issues. Zoo Biol 29:256–273, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.