bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A travelling-wave strategy for plant–fungal trade
Authors: Oyarte Galvez Loreto , Bisot Corentin , Bourrianne Philippe , Cargill Rachael , Klein Malin , van Son Marije , van Krugten Jaap , Caldas Victor , Clerc Thomas , Lin Kai-Kai , Kahane Félix , van Staalduine Simon , Stewart Justin D. , Terry Victoria , Turcu Bianca , van Otterdijk Sander , Babu Antoine , Kamp Marko , Seynen Marco , Steenbeek Bas , Zomerdijk Jan , Tutucci Evelina , Sheldrake Merlin , Godin Christophe , Kokkoris Vasilis , Stone Howard A. , Kiers E. Toby , Shimizu Thomas S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For nearly 450 million years, mycorrhizal fungi have constructed networks to collect and trade nutrient resources with plant roots1,2. Owing to their dependence on host-derived carbon, these fungi face conflicting trade-offs in building networks that balance construction costs against geographical coverage and long-distance resource transport to and from roots3. How they navigate these design challenges is unclear4. Here, to monitor the construction of living trade networks, we built a custom-designed robot for high-throughput time-lapse imaging that could track over 500,000 fungal nodes simultaneously. We then measured around 100,000 cytoplasmic flow trajectories inside the networks. We found that mycorrhizal fungi build networks as self-regulating travelling waves—pulses of growing tips pull an expanding wave of nutrient-absorbing mycelium, the density of which is self-regulated by fusion. This design offers a solution to conflicting trade demands because relatively small carbon investments fuel fungal range expansions beyond nutrient-depletion zones, fostering exploration for plant partners and nutrients. Over time, networks maintained highly constant transport efficiencies back to roots, while simultaneously adding loops that shorten paths to potential new trade partners. Fungi further enhance transport flux by both widening hyphal tubes and driving faster flows along ‘trunk routes’ of the network5. Our findings provide evidence that symbiotic fungi control network-level structure and flows to meet trade demands, and illuminate the design principles of a symbiotic supply-chain network shaped by millions of years of natural selection.
Rare disease gene association discovery in the 100,000 Genomes Project
Authors: Cipriani Valentina , Vestito Letizia , Magavern Emma F. , Jacobsen Julius O. B. , Arno Gavin , Behr Elijah R. , Benson Katherine A. , Bertoli Marta , Bockenhauer Detlef , Bowl Michael R. , Burley Kate , Chan Li F. , Chinnery Patrick , Conlon Peter J. , Costa Marcos A. , Davidson Alice E. , Dawson Sally J. , Elhassan Elhussein A. E. , Flanagan Sarah E. , Futema Marta , Gale Daniel P. , García-Ruiz Sonia , Corcia Cecilia Gonzalez , Griffin Helen R. , Hambleton Sophie , Hicks Amy R. , Houlden Henry , Houlston Richard S. , Howles Sarah A. , Kleta Robert , Lekkerkerker Iris , Lin Siying , Liskova Petra , Mitchison Hannah H. , Morsy Heba , Mumford Andrew D. , Newman William G. , Neatu Ruxandra , O’Toole Edel A. , Ong Albert C. M. , Pagnamenta Alistair T. , Rahman Shamima , Rajan Neil , Robinson Peter N. , Ryten Mina , Sadeghi-Alavijeh Omid , Sayer John A. , Shovlin Claire L. , Taylor Jenny C. , Teltsh Omri , Tomlinson Ian , Tucci Arianna , Turnbull Clare , van Eerde Albertien M. , Ware James S. , Watts Laura M. , Webster Andrew R. , Westbury Sarah K. , Zheng Sean L. , Caulfield Mark , Smedley Damian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Up to 80% of rare disease patients remain undiagnosed after genomic sequencing1, with many probably involving pathogenic variants in yet to be discovered disease–gene associations. To search for such associations, we developed a rare variant gene burden analytical framework for Mendelian diseases, and applied it to protein-coding variants from whole-genome sequencing of 34,851 cases and their family members recruited to the 100,000 Genomes Project2. A total of 141 new associations were identified, including five for which independent disease–gene evidence was recently published. Following in silico triaging and clinical expert review, 69 associations were prioritized, of which 30 could be linked to existing experimental evidence. The five associations with strongest overall genetic and experimental evidence were monogenic diabetes with the known β cell regulator3,4
UNC13A, schizophrenia with GPR17, epilepsy with RBFOX3, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease with ARPC3 and anterior segment ocular abnormalities with POMK. Further confirmation of these and other associations could lead to numerous diagnoses, highlighting the clinical impact of large-scale statistical approaches to rare disease–gene association discovery.
Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation improves quality of life in individuals with chronic poststroke aphasia
Authors: Zheng Zhong Sheng , Wang Jing , Lee Sharon , Wang Kevin Xing-Long , Zhang Ben , Howard Melissa , Rosario Emily , Schnakers Caroline 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The cerebellum has emerged as a potential target for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in post-stroke aphasia (PSA) due to its role in language processing and relative preservation compared to supratentorial lesions. Recent evidence also highlights the cerebellum’s involvement in affective and social processes, suggesting potential broader effects of cerebellar modulation. This study investigated the efficacy of anodal tDCS over the right cerebellum paired with speech and language therapy in enhancing language functions and quality of life in individuals with PSA. Twenty-two participants with chronic PSA received cerebellar tDCS, while historical sham control data from 25 participants were obtained. Language outcomes were assessed using the Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R), and secondary outcomes included patient-reported measures of communication effectiveness and quality of life. Mixed-design analyses of variance were conducted to examine treatment effects. No significant Group x Time interaction was found for WAB-R scores, indicating that tDCS did not provide additional language benefits over speech therapy. However, a significant Group x Time interaction was observed for the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39 scores, driven by improvements in the Psychosocial, Physical, and Energy subdomains in the tDCS group. Cerebellar tDCS did not significantly improve language outcomes in PSA individuals but enhanced specific aspects of quality of life. These findings highlight the cerebellum’s multifaceted role in cognitive, affective, and sensorimotor processes. Future research should focus on conducting well-powered, randomized, double-blind, and concurrent trials to validate these findings and explore optimal stimulation parameters in PSA rehabilitation.

Trial registration: The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the registration number NCT03699930. The date of registration is 10/05/2018.
Diagnostic limitations in advanced stage peripheral arterial disease in a cadaveric study comparing photon-counting and energy-integrating CT detectors
Authors: Hartung Viktor , Huflage Henner , Augustin Anne Marie , Lichthardt Sven , Peter Dominik , Kleefeldt Florian , Ergün Süleyman , Bley Thorsten Alexander , Grunz Jan-Peter , Gruschwitz Philipp 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To evaluate the limits of 1st-generation dual-source photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) and 3rd-generation dual-source energy-integrating-detector (EID-CT) regarding imaging of advanced stage peripheral arterial disease (ASPAD) of the femoral runoff. One human cadaver with ASPAD of the superficial femoral arteries was surgically prepared to establish continuous extracorporeal perfusion of the right upper leg. In addition to one stent already in place, three more stents were deployed in positions with severe calcification and stenosis to create thirteen different scenarios of ASPAD. CT angiographies with different radiation dose (CTDIvol 10, 5, 3 mGy) and matching convolution kernels were performed with PCD-CT and EID-CT. In-stent lumen visibility, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and luminal attenuation were assessed quantitatively. Results were compared using analyses of variance with a PCD-CT maximum dose and resolution scan (96 mGy, BV89) serving as standard of reference. Highest and lowest stent lumen visibility was observed with PCD-CT BV76 (97 ± 2%) and EID BV40 (77 ± 5%), respectively. Severe stent underexpansion in conjunction with heavy calcification resulted in the worst lumen visibility. PCD-CT displayed superior dose efficiency, yielding comparable SNR at 3 mGy to EID-CT at 10 mGy (p = 0.27). Luminal attenuation was higher for PCD-CT regardless of dose and reconstruction settings (max. 369 ± 19 HU, BV76, 5 mGy vs. 329 ± 12 HU for EID, BV59, 5 mGy; p < 0.001). PCD-CT realises substantially higher image quality than EID-CT, thereby enhancing assessment of the femoral vasculature in ASPAD. Furthermore, this indicates substantial radiation dose and contrast agent volume saving potential. Both scanners show limitations in very low luminal diameters.
Acute effects of footwear and surface condition on sport specific performance in athletes
Authors: Siegel Stanislav Dimitri , Sproll Mareike , Zech Astrid 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examined the acute effects of minimalist shoes, standard sport shoes, and barefoot conditions on sports-specific performance in forty-eight team and racket sport athletes across three testing sessions. Biomechanical laboratory assessments included 90° cutting maneuvers (90°COD) and jump tests. Linear (LS) and multidirectional sprint (MS) performances were evaluated in a second session on an indoor sports floor. In the third session, LS and MS performance were tested exclusively in minimalist shoes on tartan and artificial turf. Performance was quantified as test completion time and jump height. Significant footwear effects were observed for 90°COD, MS, and LS, with minimalist shoes and barefoot conditions reducing performance by up to 9% compared to standard sport shoes. Jumping performance was unaffected by footwear. Surface conditions significantly influenced LS and MS, with tartan and artificial turf improving performance by up to 9% compared to indoor surfaces. Significant sex differences were observed in all tests except for 90°COD. These findings suggest that the effects of footwear are context-dependent and should not be generalized without considering specific surfaces, movements, and individual factors. Future research should investigate whether long-term habituation can alter these outcomes.
Ribosome phenotypes for rapid classification of antibiotic-susceptible and resistant strains of Escherichia coli
Authors: Farrar Alison , Turner Piers , El Sayyed Hafez , Feehily Conor , Chatzimichail Stelios , Ta Sammi , Crook Derrick , Andersson Monique , Oakley Sarah , Barrett Lucinda , Nellåker Christoffer , Stoesser Nicole , Kapanidis Achillefs 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rapid antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs) are an increasingly important part of clinical care as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) becomes more common in bacterial infections. Here, we use the spatial distribution of fluorescently labelled ribosomes to detect intracellular changes associated with antibiotic susceptibility in E. coli cells using a convolutional neural network (CNN). By using ribosome-targeting probes, one fluorescence image provides data for cell segmentation and susceptibility phenotyping. Using 60,382 cells from an antibiotic-susceptible laboratory strain of E. coli, we showed that antibiotics with different mechanisms of action result in distinct ribosome phenotypes, which can be identified by a CNN with high accuracy (99%, 98%, 95%, and 99% for ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and carbenicillin). With 6 E. coli strains isolated from bloodstream infections, we used 34,205 images of ribosome phenotypes to train a CNN that could classify susceptible cells with 91% accuracy and resistant cells with 99% accuracy. Such accuracies correspond to the ability to differentiate susceptible and resistant samples with 99% confidence with just 2 cells, meaning that this method could eliminate lengthy culturing steps and could determine susceptibility with 30 min of antibiotic treatment. The ribosome phenotype method should also be able to identify phenotypes in other strains and species.
Test–Retest Differences in the Wideband Middle Ear Muscle Reflex
Authors: Bramhall Naomi F. , Whittle Nicole K. , Feeney M. Patrick , McMillan Garnett P. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
Assessment of the middle ear muscle reflex (MEMR) is a standard part of the clinical audiological test battery that is used to assess middle ear function and identify possible retrocochlear lesions. The use of a wideband MEMR probe allows for additional information across frequency and lower reflex thresholds compared to the standard tonal probe used clinically. Recent animal studies suggest that the wideband MEMR is sensitive to noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, the selective loss of the synaptic connections between the inner hair cells and the afferent auditory nerve fibers. However, the clinical utility of the wideband MEMR as an indicator of cochlear deafferentation is still unclear. Prior to adoption of the wideband MEMR as part of a diagnostic battery for cochlear deafferentation, it is necessary to determine the test–retest reliability of the measurement.

Method:
In a sample of 45 adults with normal hearing and normal tympanograms, wideband MEMR magnitude and threshold were measured at two different test sessions in response to a contralateral broadband noise stimulus at elicitor levels ranging from 60 to 100 dB SPL. The time between test sessions ranged from 2 hr to 5 months.

Results:
Test–retest differences increased with elicitor level. In some individuals, there were changes in the magnitude and/or the frequency response of the MEMR between test sessions.

Conclusion:
When wideband MEMR testing becomes clinically available, test–retest differences in contralateral wideband MEMR magnitude and threshold can be referenced by clinicians to help with interpretation of wideband MEMR test results.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28454612
Predictive AI Maintenance of Distribution Oil‐Immersed Transformer via Multimodal Data Fusion: A New Dynamic Multiscale Attention CNN‐LSTM Anomaly Detection Model for Industrial Energy Management
Authors: Tamakloe Elvis , Kommey Benjamin , Kponyo Jerry John , Tchao Eric Tutu , Agbemenu Andrew Selasi , Klogo Griffith Selorm 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTReactive and preventive maintenance strategies have been applied to avert transformer failures and safeguard their operations. However, these approaches have limitations of high operational downtimes, over‐ and under‐maintenance issues, maintenance fatigue and revenue loss. The advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence have positively altered the machine and equipment maintenance landscape. Thus, predictive maintenance (PdM), in contrast to the above‐listed maintenance approaches, has laid the foundation for improving transformer maintenance by identifying incipient failures to solve the existing challenges. Recent developments in predictive maintenance of distribution power transformers have made great strides, but to solve the current challenge of accurate fault identification, this study proposed a new model architecture (DMSA CNN‐LSTM) using multimodal data fusion to address anomaly detection. A classification accuracy, F1‐score, precision and recall of 0.9917, 0.9714, 0.9781 and 0.9647, respectively, were produced on a fused multimodal dataset at a computational time of 619.898 s. The performance was afterwards evaluated against other state‐of‐the‐art benchmark models. The significance of this study lies in providing a scalable data‐driven architecture suitable for real‐time deployment in providing predictive solutions for transformers at a higher performance efficiency. This approach leverages deep neural networks that provide a comprehensive diagnostic and prognostic approach to mitigate transformer faults and breakdowns.
Infrared image‐based multi‐point temperature monitoring for ultra‐high‐voltage direct current wall bushings subject to insulation shed interference
Authors: Liang Huajie , Li Ziyou , Liu Zhaocong , Li Qiang , Zhang Shihong , Zhang Zhenyu , Wang Jinxiong , Jiang Jianbo , Zhou Chichun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUltra‐high‐voltage direct current wall bushings are critical components in direct current transmission systems. Temperature variations and abnormal distributions can signal potential equipment failures that threaten system stability. Therefore, monitoring these critical multi‐point temperature variations is essential. However, the unique design of the bushings, featuring insulation sheds of periodic shape, distorts infrared temperature measurements by introducing interference points. These interference points, dependent on the measurement's angle and distance, appear irregularly in infrared images, severely impacting the accuracy of multi‐point temperature distribution assessments. To address this challenge, an anomaly detection method is proposed that adaptively identifies interference points. The method identifies interference points by comparing pixels and uses a voting mechanism to improve identification accuracy. Compared with traditional methods, this approach presents two main advantages: adaptive identification capability, which enables it to recognise interference points and adapt to changing conditions, and unsupervised learning, which enables it to work effectively without requiring manually labelled data. Experimental tests on 161 bushing infrared images demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, achieving a 100% success rate in identifying localised overheating issues. The method has been integrated into high‐voltage direct current transmission anomaly systems and can be used to monitor critical equipment, enhancing system reliability and safety.
Switching Dynamic and EMI Characterization of a 1.2 kV/100 A All‐SiC Module With the Easy‐2B Package
Authors: Xiao Yikang , Ji Shiqi , Zhao Zhengming , Shi Bochen , Xie Wenhao , Yang Mingyu , Sheng Chao , Yang Weitao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSwitching transient processes of silicon carbide (SiC) devices induce several challenges, such as voltage and current overshoots, switching losses, , , and electromagnetic interference (EMI), threatening the safe and efficient operation of power electronic systems. Characterization of SiC modules is crucial to address these issues. This paper characterizes the dynamic and EMI performance of a state‐of‐the‐art all‐SiC module with the Easy‐2B package from Fuji Electric. Using a double pulse test (DPT) platform, the dynamic characteristics are assessed across varying load conditions and gate resistances. Additionally, EMI characteristics of the module are evaluated in a semi‐anechoic chamber. Results indicate significant impacts of gate drive parameters and load conditions on switching dynamic and EMI characteristics. These influences are further analyzed based on experimental results and theoretical analysis of the switching transient processes. Finally, the study identifies factors limiting switching speed improvements in SiC modules, including voltage and current overshoots, gate voltage oscillations, and EMI, offering valuable insights for improving device performance.
Reliability of Power Modules in Corrosive Environments: Effect of Heating on Dendritic Corrosion Growth in the Isolation Trenches
Authors: Rautio Juuso , Kärkkäinen Tommi J. , Jäppinen Janne , Korpinen Katriina , Niemelä Markku , Silventoinen Pertti , Leppänen Joonas A. R. , Ingman Jonny M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEnvironments with high humidity and corrosive gases have been shown to cause dendritic corrosion growth in isolation trenches of power semiconductor modules. In time, the corrosion products can grow long enough to bridge the isolation trenches and cause failure of the component, and the device the component is part of. In this paper, applied heating was shown to effectively inhibit dendritic corrosion growth by reducing the effective relative humidity and thereby the thickness of the adsorbed water layer on the ceramic substrate surface. The findings can be applied to enhance the reliability of power electronic devices e.g. frequency converters, including those with standard components without special corrosion‐resistant packaging.
Implementing Load‐Side Operating Energy Reserves to Improve System Frequency Control Amid the Expansion of Distributed Generation
Authors: Mtolo Dumisani , Sarma Rudiren , Dorrell David G. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEskom, South Africa's national power utility, is transitioning from centralised, large‐scale electricity coal generation to a more distributed, small‐scale inverter‐based renewable generation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This shift poses operational challenges, particularly in maintaining power system frequency stability, which relies on real‐time balancing of supply and demand. Traditionally, frequency stability has depended on accurate load forecasts, sufficient generation capacity, and energy reserves from large generators to handle disturbances. However, as the number of large generators decreases, energy reserves will also reduce, potentially compromising frequency stability. This paper introduces the concept of integrating small‐scale distributed generators to enhance both primary and secondary frequency control. By actively monitoring and managing these inverter‐based generators, while accounting for phase balancing and network congestion, the proposed system seeks to improve grid stability, minimise reliance on large generators, and mitigate the risk of secondary frequency drops within an unmanaged inverter‐based network (i.e. the high rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) may lead to inverter trips).
The Urgency of Ecological Consciousness and the Impact of Climate Crisis in Amitav Ghosh’s The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable
Authors: Krishna S. 
Published: February 2025

Environmental Humanities, a surging multi - disciplinary field unravels the entanglement between the human and the non- human, the material and the affective modes of ecological crisis. Geo - politics began with the history of colonial extraction across the world in the form of trade and exchange, adventure and globalization. The ruthless manoeuvring of nature and the environment in the name of anthropocentricism aroused a sense of social responsibility among environmental activists, social scientists, writers and nature conservationist to bring about an awareness among humans to insist on the importance of conservation and protection of nature and to acknowledge the presence of non - human life forms and the need to revert back to old ways of living in coexistence with other species around. Today Environmental Humanities seek to specify the multiple zones of conflicts and the legacies surmounting the planet and ventures to redefine ecosystems for the human and the nonhuman. In the history of environment, the attention to non-human organic presence has perpetually evaded the consciousness of humans particularly the modern digital generation. Crusaders and conservationists of environment has time and again highlighted on the urgency to ecological consciousness and the consequences to be faced by the upcoming generations who fail to realize the blunder inflicted on nature and other species.
Environmental Humanities today discourses on sustainability, ecological justice, bio-diversity, hydro politics, petro fiction’, climate – Fiction and the like, The present paper attempts to explicate the different ways in which environmental studies is represented, understood and communicated in a particular socio-political set up and transports us to the world of Amitav Ghosh, who traverses multiple genres and territories and who savagely documents the geopolitics of climate change in his novel The “Great Derangement”. The paper also strives to apply the eco-critical environmental approach in reading this literary text