bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Fields on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Cultured Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Zhang Xin , Xu Zhengjian , He Rongxin 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundElectromagnetic fields (EMFs) used in stem-cell tissue engineering can help elucidate their biological principles.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity EMFs on cell proliferation, differentiation, and cycle in mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and the in vivo effects of EMFs on BMSC.MethodsHarvested BMSCs were cultured for 3 generations and divided into 4 groups. The methylthiotetrazole (MTT) assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured via a colorimetric assay on the 3rd, 7th, and 10th days. Changes in cell cycle also were analyzed on the 7th day, and bone nodule formation was analyzed on the 12th day. Additionally, the expression of the collagen I gene was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on the 10th day. The BMSCs of the irradiated group and the control group were transplanted into cortical bone of different mice femurs separately, with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) serving as a scaffold. After 4 and 8 weeks, bone the bone specimens of mice were sliced and stained by hematoxylin and eosin separately.ResultsThe results showed that EMFs (0.5 mT, 50 Hz) accelerated cellular proliferation, enhanced cellular differentiation, and increased the percentage of cells in the G2/M+S (postsynthetic gap 2 period/mitotic phase + S phase) of the stimulation. The EMF-exposed groups had significantly higher collagen I messenger RNA levels than the control group. The EMF + osteogenic medium–treated group readily formed bone nodules. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed a clear flaking of bone tissue in the irradiated group.ConclusionIrradiation of BMSCs with low-intensity EMFs (0.5 mT, 50 Hz) increased cell proliferation and induced cell differentiation. The results of this study did not establish a stricter animal model for studying osteogenesis, and only short-term results were investigated. Further study of the mechanism of EMF is needed.
Repeatability of the Six-Minute Walk Test and Relation to Physical Function in Survivors of a Critical Illness
Authors: Alison Jennifer A. , Kenny Patricia , King Madeleine T. , McKinley Sharon , Aitken Leanne M. , Leslie Gavin D. , Elliott Doug 
Published: May 2012

Background
The Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is widely used as an outcome measure in exercise rehabilitation. However, the repeatability of the 6MWT performed at home in survivors of a critical illness has not been evaluated.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in survivors of a critical illness: (1) the repeatability of the 6MWT performed at home, (2) the effect on estimates of change in functional exercise capacity if only one 6MWT was performed at follow-up assessments, and (3) the relationship between the physical functioning (PF) score of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) and the 6MWT.

Design
Repeated measures of the 6MWT and SF-36 were obtained.

Methods
Eligible participants had an intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay of ≥48 hours and were mechanically ventilated for ≥24 hours. Two 6MWTs and the SF-36 were conducted in participants' homes at weeks 1, 8, and 26 after hospital discharge.

Results
One hundred seventy-three participants completed the study. The participants had a mean age of 57 years (SD=16), a mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score on admission of 19 (SD=10), a mean ICU length of stay of 9 days (SD=8), and a mean mechanical ventilation time of 140 hours (SD=137). Of the 173 participants, 110 performed two 6MWTs at weeks 1, 8, and 26. There were significant mean increases in 6-minute walk distance in the second test of 15 m (P&lt;.0001) at week 1, 13 m (P&lt;.0001) at week 8, and 9 m (P=.04) at week 26. If only one 6MWT was performed at weeks 8 and 26, the estimate of change in 6-minute walk distance from week 1 was 19 m less (P&lt;.001) at both weeks 8 and 26. There was a moderate to strong correlation between SF-36 PF score and 6-minute walk distance at each assessment (week 1: r=.62, P&lt;.001; week 8: r=.55, P&lt;.001; and week 26: r=.47, P&lt;.001).

Limitations
Some study participants were unable to perform a second 6MWT, and these participants may have differed in important aspects of function compared with those individuals who completed two 6MWTs.

Conclusions
In survivors of a critical illness, the 6MWT in the home environment should be performed twice at each assessment to give an accurate reflection of change in exercise capacity over time. The SF-36 PF score was a strong indicator of 6-minute walk distance in early recovery from a critical illness.
Cost-effectiveness of carotid artery stent placement versus endarterectomy in patients with carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Khan Asif A. , Chaudhry Saqib A. , Sivagnanam Kamesh , Hassan Ameer E. , Suri M. Fareed K. , Qureshi Adnan I. 
Published: May 2012

Object
The Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST) demonstrated that the risk of the primary composite outcome of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), or death did not differ significantly in patients with an average surgical risk undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS) and those undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA). However, the cost associated with CAS may limit its broad applicability. The authors' goal in this paper was to determine the cost-effectiveness of CAS with an embolic-protection device versus CEA in patients with moderate to severe carotid artery stenosis who are at average surgical risk.

Methods
The probability of the primary outcome was obtained from the results of the CREST trial. The quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with each treatment modality were estimated by adjusting for the incidence of each quality-adjusted outcome (QALY weights of ipsilateral stroke, MI, death, and postprocedure QALYs). The total cost associated with each intervention was derived from hospitalization cost and cost associated with primary outcomes including stroke, MI, and death in each group. Costs are expressed in US dollars accounting for inflation up to October 2010. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were estimated for the 4-year period after the procedure. All values are expressed as means and 95% confidence intervals.

Results
The estimated net costs for patients after treatment with CAS and CEA after consideration of the primary outcome were $18,335 and $13,276, respectively, from the definitive presimulation analysis. Postsimulation values were $19,210 (range $18,264–$20,156) and $14,080 (range $13,076–$15,084), respectively. Overall, QALYs for the CAS and CEA groups were 0.712 and 0.702, respectively (ranging from 0.0 [death] to 0.815 [no adverse events]). The estimated ICER for CAS versus CEA treatment was $229,429.

Conclusions
Although the CREST demonstrated equivalent results with CAS (compared with CEA) in patients at average surgical risk with severe carotid artery stenosis, broad applicability of CAS might be limited by the higher cost associated with this procedure.
Why does endoscopic aqueductoplasty fail so frequently? Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid flow after endoscopic third ventriculostomy and aqueductoplasty using cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Schroeder Christiane , Fleck Steffen , Gaab Michael R. , Schweim Klaus H. , Schroeder Henry W. S. 
Published: May 2012

Object
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare CSF flow after endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and endoscopic aqueductoplasty (EAP) in patients presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus caused by aqueductal stenosis.

Methods
In patients harboring aqueductal stenosis who underwent EAP (n = 8), ETV (n = 8), and both ETV and EAP (n = 6), CSF flow through the restored aqueduct and through the ventriculostomy was investigated using cine cardiac-gated phase-contrast MRI. For qualitative evaluation of CSF flow, an in-plane phase-contrast sequence in the midsagittal plane was used. The MR images were displayed in a closed-loop cine format. Quantitative through-plane measurements were performed in the axial plane perpendicular to the aqueduct and/or floor of the third ventricle.

Results
Evaluation revealed significantly higher CSF flow through the ventriculostomies compared with flow through the aqueducts. This was true both when comparing the ETV group with the EAP group and when comparing the flow of the ventriculostomy and aqueduct within the ETV and EAP group. There was no difference in aqueductal CSF flow between patients who underwent EAP alone and patients who underwent ETV and EAP. There was also no difference in ventriculostomy CSF flow between patients who underwent ETV alone and patients who underwent ETV and EAP. Fifty percent of the restored aqueducts became occluded at a mean of 46 months after surgery (range 18–126 months). In contrast, all ETVs remained patent in the mean follow-up period of 110 months after surgery, although 1 patient required shunt placement after 66 months.

Conclusions
Cerebrospinal fluid flow through ventriculostomies is significantly higher than aqueductal CSF flow after EAP. This could be one factor to explain why the reclosure rate of aqueducts after EAP is higher than the reclosure rate of the ventriculostoma after ETV.
Bali et les peintres « indonésiens » ou l'invention d'un mythe national
Authors: Couteau Jean 
Published: May 2012

Jean Couteau, I.S.I., Denpasar
Bali et les peintres «indonésiens » ou l'invention d'un mythe national
This article analyses the discourse on painting by the Indonesian center concerning its Balinese periphery. It shows that during the post-independence period, when the Soekarnists viewed the island as a contemporary ersatz for Majapahit, the «Indonesian» painters of Bali kept the « exoticization » of representation to a minimum, while emphasizing the pan- Indonesian features of « race » and society. Balinese identity was subsumed within that of the nation. During the New Order, the opposite view was taken. Painters «exoticized» a Bali now for sale on the international market. This emphasis on « difference » went along with an upsurge in the expression of ethno-religious identity.
L'identité de Surabaya dans la peinture moderne
Authors: Ngasiran Riadi 
Published: May 2012

Riadi Ngasiran, Journaliste à Surabaya L'identité de Surabaya dans la peinture moderne
The history of painting in Surabaya shows some lasting patterns that are more related to the city's role as a cosmopolitan market since before WWII, rather than to its function as a creative centre. However, Surabaya's social and political history is such that an urban conscience developed, which translated into strong feelings of identity among the city's inhabitants : this identity was both real through their involvement with the city's debates and idealized by way of reconstructing a past of fighting the Allies, starting from November 1945. Artists have contributed to upholding this image by glorifying great deeds that have been renewed by the recent commitment to Reformasi. Meanwhile, painting integrates proletarian conditions through an empathetic participation in the suffering of the people, or more serenely, through a longing for the atmosphere of the city's old district.
The Manufacture of Chinese Gravestones in Indonesia - A Preliminary Survey
Authors: Salmon Claudine , Sidharta Myra 
Published: May 2012

Claudine Salmon, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris & Myra Sidharta,
Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta
The Manufacture of Chinese Gravestones in Indonesia — A Preliminary Survey
Cet article se veut être une réflexion sur l'histoire de la fabrication des tombes chinoises d'Indonésie. Une première partie pose le problème de l'exportation, dans le temps long, de pierres funéraires de la région de Quanzhou, au Fujian, en direction de l'Insulinde ; les premières retracées remontant aux XIIIe et XIVe s. Une deuxième partie envisage l'implantation de tailleurs de pierre venus du Fujian dans plusieurs villes d'Indonésie et le transfert du savoir-faire chinois aux artisans locaux qui, à leur tour, ouvrent des ateliers - ceux de Salatiga (Java Central) étant les plus nombreux. La dernière partie traite des caractéristiques de ces tombes de style de Chine du sud et de leur évolution en rapport avec les conversions au christianisme, ainsi que de la continuité des liens commerciaux entre les tailleries de pierre de la région de Quanzhou et divers ateliers d'Indonésie.
La fonte de canons à Java, vers 1525
Authors: Dos Santos Alves Jorge 
Published: May 2012

Jorge Manuel Dos Santos Alves, Instituto de Investigação Cientifica Tropical/ Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Lisbonne
La fonte de canons à Java, vers 1525

A document, recently rediscovered in the Portuguese archives of Torre do Tombo, bears witness that bronze cannons were cast in Panarukan (Java) as early as 1525.
Chronique de l’année des tigres : Raden Saleh entre Paris et Dresde
Authors: Scalliet Marie-Odette 
Published: May 2012

Marie-Odette Scalliet, Leiden University Library
Chronique de l’année des tigres: Raden Saleh entre Paris et Dresde

In this short note, the author, a specialist of the Indonesian painter Raden Saleh, endeavours to track the history of several paintings made by the artist during the years of his stay in France. She comes to the conclusion that the large painting entitled “Boschbrand” had been a part of the collections of the king of Holland and therefore that this painting, of which nothing is presently known, might be looked for there. On the other hand, basing herself on detailed archived documents, she can assert that another canvas “Javanische Gegend, wo Tiger eine Gruppe Reisende belauschen”, which appeared in a Hong Kong auction in 2005, must be the one given by the painter to the Grand Duke Ernst II of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
18F-FLT and 125I-IdUrd uptake increase in human tumour cell lines induced by the thymidylate synthase inhibitor FdUrd
Authors: Viertl D. , Perillo-Adamer F. , André P.-A. , Ametamey S. M. , Ross T. L. , Kosinski M. , Dupertuis Y. M. , Bischof Delaloye A. , Buchegger F. 
Published: May 2012

Summary
Aim: 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) depletes the endogenous 5′-deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) pool. We hypothesized whether uptake of exogenous dThd analogues could be favoured through a feedback enhanced salvage pathway and studied the FdUrd effect on cellular uptake of 3′-deoxy-3′-18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) and 5-125I-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (125I-IdUrd) in different cancer cell lines in parallel. Methods: Cell uptake of 18F-FLT and 125I-IdUrd was studied in 2 human breast, 2 colon cancer and 2 glioblastoma lines. Cells were incubated with/without 1 μmol/l FdUrd for 1 h and, after washing, with 1.2 MBq 18F-FLT or 125I-IdUrd for 0.3 to 2 h. Cell bound 18F-FLT and 125I-IdUrd was counted and expressed in % incubated activity (%IA). Kinetics of 18F-FLT cell uptake and release were studied with/without FdUrd modulation. 2′-3H-methyl-fluorothymidine (2′-3H-FLT) uptake with/without FdUrd pretreatment was tested on U87 spheroids and monolayer cells. Results: Basal uptake at 2 h of 18F-FLT and 125I-IdUrd was in the range of 0.8–1.0 and 0.4–0.6 Bq/cell, respectively. FdUrd pretreatment enhanced 18F-FLT and 125I-IdUrd uptake 1.2–2.1 and 1.7–4.4 fold, respectively, while co-incubation with excess thymidine abrogated all 18F-FLT uptake. FdUrd enhanced 18F-FLT cellular inflow in 2 breast cancer lines by factors of 1.8 and 1.6, respectively, while outflow persisted at a slightly lower rate. 2′-3H-FLT basal uptake was very low while uptake increase after FdUrd was similar in U87 monolayer cells and spheroids. Conclusions: Basal uptake of 18F-FLT was frequently higher than that of 125I-IdUrd but FdUrd induced uptake enhancement was stronger for 125I-IdUrd in five of six cell lines. 18F-FLT outflow from cells might be an explanation for the observed difference with 125I-IdUrd.
Patient specific implants for amputation prostheses: Design, manufacture and analysis
Authors: DeVasConCellos P. , Balla V. K. , Bose S. , Fugazzi R. , Dernell W. S. , Bandyopadhyay A. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryObjectives: To design, manufacture and analyze custom implants with functional gradation in macrostructure for attachment of amputation prostheses.Methods: The external shape of the implant was designed by extracting geometrical data of canine cadavers from computed tomography (CT) scans to suit the bone cavity. Three generations of implant designs were developed and were optimized with the help of fit/fill and mechanical performance of implant-cadaver bone assembly using CT analysis and compression testing, respectively. A final optimized, custom Ti6Al4V alloy amputation implant, with approximately 25% porosity in the proximal region and approximaltely zero percent porosity in the distal region, was fabricated using Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS™) – a laser based additive manufacturing technology.Results: The proposed design changes in the second generation designs, in terms of refining thresholds, increased the average fill of the bone cavity from 58% to 83%. Addition of a flange between the stem and the head in the second generation designs resulted in more than a seven-fold increase in the compressive load carrying capacity of the assembly. Application of LENS™ in the fabrication of present custom fit Ti6Al4V alloy implants enabled incorporation of 20 to 30% porosity in the proximal region and one to two percent residual porosity in the distal portion of the implant.Clinical significance: Patient specific prostheses having direct connection to the skeletal structure can potentially aid in problems related to load transfer and proprioception in amputees. Furthermore, application of LENS™ in the fabrication of custom implants can be faster to incorporate site specific porosity and gradients for improving long-term stability.
Stifle arthrodesis in two cats
Authors: Fitzpatrick N. , Farrell M. , Belch A. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryTwo Domestic Shorthaired cats were admitted after sustaining multiligamentous injuries of the stifle joint. In one cat, prosthetic ligamentous reconstruction was unsuccessful at maintaining normal stifle stability. Both cats were treated with stifle arthrodesis using internal fixation with a plate and screws without external coaptation. In one case, arthrodesis was achieved using a 2.7 mm 16-hole dynamic compression plate placed medially. In the second case, a 2.7 mm 14-hole dynamic compression plate was placed cranially. No major complications were noted, and both cats were able to return to good levels of activity in the medium term.
Late-onset fracture-associated osteosarcoma in a cat
Authors: Sonnenschein B. , Dickomeit M. J. , Bali M. S. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryAn 18-year-old male, castrated Domestic Shorthaired cat was presented with the complaint of acute severe lameness of the left pelvic limb. There was no history of trauma, apart from a distal physeal left femoral fracture that had been repaired 17 years previously. Radiology revealed a displaced distal metaphyseal femoral fracture with marked areas of bone lysis and periosteal proliferations. A pathological fracture due to a bone neoplasia was suspected. An amputation with coxofemoral disarticulation was performed. Histopathology confirmed the tentative diagnosis of appendicular osteosarcoma. No postoperative complications were encountered and the cat made a full recovery. This case shows an unusual presentation of a late-onset fracture-associated feline osteosarcoma.
Comparative anatomy, morphology, and molecular phylogenetics of the African genus Satanocrater (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Tripp Erin A. , Fatimah Siti 
Published: May 2012

• Premise of the study: Anatomical and morphological features of Satanocrater were studied to test hypotheses of xeric adaptations in the genus, which is endemic to arid tropical Africa. These features, together with molecular data, were used to test the phylogenetic placement of Satanocrater within the large plant family Acanthaceae.• Methods: We undertook a comparative study of four species of Satanocrater. Carbon isotope ratios were generated to test a hypothesis of C4 photosynthesis. Molecular data from chloroplast (trnG‐trnS, trnG‐trnR, psbA‐trnH) and nuclear (Eif3E) loci were used to test the placement of Satanocrater within Acanthaceae.• Key results: Anatomical features reflecting xeric adaptations of species of Satanocrater included a thick‐walled epidermis, thick cuticle, abundant trichomes and glandular scales, stomata overarched by subsidiary cells, tightly packed mesophyll cells, and well‐developed palisade parenchyma on both leaf surfaces. Although two species had enlarged bundle sheath cells, a feature often implicated in C4 photosynthesis, isotope ratios indicated all species of Satanocrater use the C3 pathway. Molecular data resolved Satanocrater within tribe Ruellieae with strong support. Within Ruellieae, our data suggest that pollen morphology of Satanocrater may represent an intermediate stage in a transition series.• Conclusions: Anatomical and morphological features of Satanocrater reflect adaptation to xeric environments and add new information about the biology of xerophytes. Morphological and molecular data place Satanocrater in the tribe Ruellieae with confidence. This study adds to our capacity to test hypotheses of broad evolutionary and ecological interest in a diverse and important family of flowering plants.
Development of microsatellite primers for Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) and transferability to congeners
Authors: Bressan Eduardo de A. , Scotton Danielle C. , Ferreira Renato R. , Jorge Erika C. , Sebbenn Alexandre M. , Gerald Lee T. S. , Figueira Antonio 
Published: May 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae), a tree species with large potential for biofuel production, to investigate its natural genetic diversity and mating system to facilitate the establishment of tree improvement and conservation programs.• Methods and Results: Using a protocol for genomic library enrichment, 104 clones containing 195 repeat motifs were identified. Primer pairs were developed for 40 microsatellite loci and validated in 41 accessions of J. curcas from six provenances. Nine loci were polymorphic revealing from two to eight alleles per locus, and six primers were able to amplify alleles in the congeners J. podagrica, J. pohliana, and J. gossypifolia, but not in other Euphorbiaceae species, such as Hevea brasiliensis, Manihot esculenta, or Ricinus communis.• Conclusions: The primers developed here revealed polymorphic loci that are suitable for genetic diversity and structure, mating system, and gene flow studies in J. curcas, and some congeners.
Flux mondiaux, médias et démocraties en développement
Authors: Avle Seyram 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Cet article examine la façon dont la mondialisation et les médias influent sur les démocraties en développement dans les pays du Sud. Il se focalise sur l’interaction entre des technologies en évolution, la réglementation et les entrepreneurs locaux disposant d’un savoir-faire international, et cerne leurs effets combinés sur l’écologie des médias. Sur la base d’une analyse historique et d’entretiens, l’article avance que, au Ghana, la libéralisation de l’industrie de la radiodiffusion, l’expertise des entrepreneurs « glocaux » et l’explosion des technologies des médias comme Internet et les téléphones portables ont conduit à une reconstitution de la sphère publique et à la création d’une nouvelle élite culturelle.