bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoarthritic chondrocyte–secreted morphogens induce chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Aung Aereas , Gupta Gunjan , Majid Ghassemian , Varghese Shyni 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe potential of stem cells to repair compromised cartilage tissue, such as in osteoarthritis (OA), depends strongly on how transplanted cells respond to factors secreted from the residing OA chondrocytes. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of morphogenetic signals from OA chondrocytes on chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).MethodsThe effect of OA chondrocyte–secreted morphogens on chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs was evaluated using a coculture system involving both primary and passaged OA chondrocytes. The findings were compared against findings for human MSCs cultured in OA chondrocyte–conditioned medium. Gene expression analysis, biochemical assays, and immunofluorescence staining were used to characterize the chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs. Mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify the soluble factors. Numerical analysis was carried out to model the concentration profile of soluble factors within the human MSC–laden hydrogels.ResultsThe human MSCs cocultured with primary OA chondrocytes underwent chondrogenic differentiation even in the absence of growth factors; however, the same effect could not be mimicked using OA chondrocyte–conditioned medium or expanded cells. Additionally, the cocultured environment down‐regulated hypertrophic differentiation of human MSCs. Mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated cell–cell communication and chondrocyte phenotype–dependent effects on cell‐secreted morphogens.ConclusionThe experimental findings, along with the results of the numerical analysis, suggest a crucial role of soluble morphogens and their local concentrations in the differentiation pattern of human MSCs in a 3‐dimensional environment. The concept of using a small number of chondrocytes to promote chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs while preventing their hypertrophic differentiation could be of great importance in formulating effective stem cell–based cartilage repair.
Th17 cells, but not Th1 cells, from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis are potent inducers of matrix metalloproteinases and proinflammatory cytokines upon synovial fibroblast interaction, including autocrine interleukin‐17A production
Authors: van Hamburg J. P. , Asmawidjaja P. S. , Davelaar N. , Mus A. M. C. , Colin E. M. , Hazes J. M. W. , Dolhain R. J. E. M. , Lubberts E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveBoth Th1 cells and Th17 cells have been recognized in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, it remains unclear whether Th1 cells and/or Th17 cells are involved in driving disease chronicity and destructiveness. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the functional role of Th17 cells in early RA.MethodsFlow cytometry analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from treatment‐naive patients with early RA and age‐matched healthy volunteers. PBMCs from these patients, naive T cells, and primary CCR6− Th1 cells and CCR6+ Th17 cells were sorted and cultured in the absence or presence of synovial fibroblasts from patients with early RA (RASFs), and cytokine expression and gene transcription were analyzed. In addition, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)– and interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A)–blocking experiments were performed.ResultsIn the PBMCs of treatment‐naive patients with early RA, an increased fraction of IL‐17A–and TNFα–producing CCR6+ Th17 cells was observed. When cocultured with RASFs, these primary Th17 cells were potent inducers of IL‐6 and IL‐8 and the tissue‐destructive enzymes matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP‐1) and MMP‐3, whereas primary Th1 cells or naive T cells were not. Importantly, specific up‐regulation of IL‐17A but not TNFα or interferon‐γ was observed in RASF/Th17 cell cocultures. In addition to TNFα blocking, IL‐17A neutralization was required to further down‐regulate Th17 activity in RASF/Th17 cell cocultures.ConclusionTh17 cells, but not Th1 cells, cooperated with RASFs in a proinflammatory feedback loop, revealing a potential mechanism by which human Th17 cells drive chronic destructive disease in patients with RA. Furthermore, the neutralization of IL‐17A activity is essential in current anti‐TNF therapies to suppress Th17 cell activity in patients with early RA and potentially other Th17 cell–mediated disorders.
Hereditary hemochromatosis is characterized by a clinically definable arthropathy that correlates with iron load
Authors: Carroll G. J. , Breidahl W. H. , Bulsara M. K. , Olynyk J. K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the frequency and character of arthropathy in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) and to investigate the relationship between this arthropathy, nodal interphalangeal osteoarthritis, and iron load.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the community by newspaper advertisement and assigned to diagnostic confidence categories for HH (definite/probable or possible/unlikely). Arthropathy was determined by use of a predetermined clinical protocol, radiographs of the hands of all participants, and radiographs of other joints in which clinical criteria were met.ResultsAn arthropathy considered typical for HH, involving metacarpophalangeal joints 2–5 and bilateral specified large joints, was observed in 10 of 41 patients with definite or probable HH (24%), all of whom were homozygous for the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene, while only 2 of 62 patients with possible/unlikely HH had such an arthropathy (P = 0.0024). Arthropathy in definite/probable HH was more common with increasing age and was associated with ferritin concentrations >1,000 μg/liter at the time of diagnosis (odds ratio 14.0 [95% confidence interval 1.30–150.89], P = 0.03). A trend toward more episodes requiring phlebotomy was also observed among those with arthropathy, but this was not statistically significant (odds ratio 1.03 [95% confidence interval 0.99–1.06], P = 0.097). There was no significant association between arthropathy in definite/probable HH and a history of intensive physical labor (P = 0.12).ConclusionAn arthropathy consistent with that commonly attributed to HH was found to occur in 24% of patients with definite/probable HH. The association observed between this arthropathy, homozygosity for C282Y, and serum ferritin concentrations at the time of diagnosis suggests that iron load is likely to be a major determinant of arthropathy in HH and to be more important than occupational factors.
Globally exponential controller/observer for tracking in robots without velocity measurement
Authors: Malagari Srinivasulu , Driessen Brian J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this work, we present an observer and continuous controller for a multiple degree of freedom robotic plant without velocity measurement. For this considered plant, we propose and present an observer/controller that estimates or observes the velocity and drives the position tracking error to zero. We prove that the combined tracking error and observer error converges to zero globally exponentially and that all closed loop signals remain bounded. A contribution of the present paper, as compared to previous work for this same plant, can be deemed to be the globally‐exponential convergence of the present paper versus the semi‐globally exponential and globally asymptotic results of previous papers. To the best of our knowledge, the present paper is the first proven globally‐exponential result for this plant and also the first global result for which the size of the control torque does not increase exponentially with respect to the size of the tracking error. The control torque is continuous; however, the time derivative of the velocity estimate is discontinuous but only at isolated time instants. No sliding modes are used.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
On seat capacity in traffic assignment to a transit network
Authors: Leurent Fabien 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSeating or standing make distinct on‐board states to a transit rider, yielding distinct discomfort costs, with potential influence on the passenger route choice onto the transit network. The paper provides a transit assignment model that captures the seating capacity and its occupancy along any transit route. The main assumptions pertain to: the seat capacity by service route, selfish user behaviour, a seat allocation process with priority rules among the riders, according to their prior state either on‐board or at boarding. To each transit leg from access to egress station is associated a set of ‘service modes’, among which the riders are assigned in a probabilistic way, conditionally on their priority status and the ratio between the available capacity and the flow of them. Thus the leg cost is a random variable, with mean value to be included in the trip disutility. Computationally efficient algorithms are provided for, respectively, loading the leg flows and evaluating the leg costs along a transit line. At the network level, a hyperpath formulation is provided for supply‐demand equilibrium, together with a property of existence and an method of successive averages equilibration algorithm. It is shown that multiple equilibria may arise. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The “occlusis” model of cell fate restriction
Authors: Lahn Bruce T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA simple model, termed “occlusis”, is presented here to account for both cell fate restriction during somatic development and reestablishment of pluripotency during reproduction. The model makes three assertions: (1) A gene's transcriptional potential can assume one of two states: the “competent” state, wherein the gene is responsive to, and can be activated by, trans‐acting factors in the cellular milieu, and the “occluded” state, wherein the gene is blocked by cis‐acting, chromatin‐based mechanisms from responding to trans‐acting factors such that it remains silent irrespective of whether transcriptional activators are present in the milieu. (2) As differentiation proceeds in somatic lineages, lineage‐inappropriate genes shift progressively and irreversibly from competent to occluded state, thereby leading to the restriction of cell fate. (3) During reproduction, global deocclusion takes place in the germline and/or early zygotic cells to reset the genome to the competent state in order to facilitate a new round of organismal development.
Validation of limited lymphadenectomy for lower-third gastric cancer based on depth of tumour invasion
Authors: Kong S-H , Yoo M-W , Kim J-W , Lee H-J , Kim W H , Lee K U , Yang H-K 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to determine the appropriate extent of lymph node (LN) dissection in gastric cancer by analysing LN metastasis patterns from prospectively collected topographical data on nodal status at Seoul National University Hospital, Korea.

Methods
The metastasis rate for each LN station was analysed according to the depth of tumour invasion in patients with primary lower-third gastric cancer who underwent curative gastrectomy. The Maruyama Index of unresected disease (MI) was calculated using the WinEstimate® program with simulation of various extents of LN dissection.

Results
LN metastasis in mucosal cancer was rare; 2·6 per cent of patients had a MI of more than 5 with simulation of D1 plus station 7 dissection, whereas 0·9 per cent had a MI above 5 with D1 plus stations 7 and 8a. In submucosal cancer, 3·3 per cent of tumours metastasized to level 2 LN stations outside the range of D1 plus stations 7, 8a and 9. The proportion of patients with a MI above 5 was 9·0 per cent with D1 plus stations 7, 8a and 9 dissection. The nodal metastasis rate was higher at level 1 and 2 for muscularis propria or deeper cancers.

Conclusion
D1 dissection plus stations 7 and 8a for mucosal cancer, and D2 dissection for cancers of the muscularis propria or deeper seems appropriate. For submucosal cancer, an expanded dissection to the D2 level should be considered to ensure complete removal of metastatic LNs.
Sustainable Development and Certification Practices: Lessons Learned and Prospects
Authors: Boiral Olivier , Gendron Yves 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the extent to which certification auditing can contribute to the realization of organizational accountability for sustainable development. A theoretical framework based on a critical analysis of financial and ISO auditing practices is proposed to shed light on the misconceptions, paradoxes and rational myths underlying the institutionalization of auditing practices in the area of corporate sustainability. As such, this paper casts doubt on the imagery of impartiality, rigor and accountability projected by organizations through discourses of certification. It also illustrates the pertinence of studying the auditing function from a cross‐disciplinary viewpoint, and of paying attention to the processes by which auditing travels from one discipline to another. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Analysis and simulation of a six‐phase matrix converter
Authors: Ortega Manuel , Jurado Francisco 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMatrix converters are becoming an actual alternative for many AC–AC power conversion applications. This paper shows that it is possible to use the six‐phase matrix converter to increase the maximum voltage gain. A complete diagram of simulation is presented. At last, evaluation of the study over students is showed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 503–515, 2013
A Potential Antitumor Drug (Arginine Deiminase) Reengineered for Efficient Operation under Physiological Conditions
Authors: Zhu Leilei , Verma Rajni , Roccatano Danilo , Ni Ye , Sun Zhi‐Hao , Schwaneberg Ulrich 
Published: October 2010

AbstractArginine deiminase (ADI, EC 3.5.3.6) is a potential antitumor drug for the treatment of arginine‐auxotrophic tumors such as hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and melanomas, and studies on human lymphatic leukemia cell lines have confirmed that ADI has antiangiogenic activity. Recent studies showed that a combination of taxane and ADI‐PEG20, which induces caspase‐independent apoptosis, is more effective than taxane monotherapy for prostate cancer. The main limitation of ADI fromPseudomonas plecoglossicida(PpADI) and of many other ADI enzymes lies in their pH‐dependent activity profile. PpADI has a pH optimum at 6.5 and a pH shift from 6.5 to 7.5 results in an ∼80 % activity drop (the pH of human plasma is 7.35 to 7.45). In 2010, we reported a proof of concept for ADI engineering by directed evolution that resulted in variant M2 (K5T/D44E/H404R). M2 has a pH optimum of pH 7.0, a fourfold higherkcatvalue than the wild‐type PpADI (pH 7.4, 0.5 Mphosphate buffer), and an increasedKmvalue for substrate arginine. In our latest work, variants M5 (K5T/D38H/D44E/A128T/H404R) and M6 (K5T/D38H/D44E/A128T/E296K/H404R) were generated by directed evolution by employing PBS buffer (pH 7.4), which mimics physiological conditions. TheS0.5value of parent M3 (K5T/D44E/A128T/H404R) decreased from 2.01 to 1.48 mM(M5) and 0.81 mM(M6). TheS0.5value of M6 (0.81 mM) is lower than that of wild‐type PpADI (1.30 mM); thekcatvalues improved from 0.18 s−1(wild‐type PpADI) to 17.56 s−1(M5, 97.6‐fold) and 11.64 s−1(M6, 64.7‐fold).
Thermal and Structural Characterization of TiO2 and TiO2/Polymer Micro Hollow Spheres
Authors: Sgraja M. , Blömer J. , Bertling J. , Jansens P. J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMicro hollow spheres, synthesized by the coating of tetradecane filled microcapsules with titanium dioxide, are characterized using thermal gravimetry (TG), infrared spectroscopy (IR), Hg‐porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The investigations show a strong dependence of the coating efficiency on the initial pH (precipitation in water or dilute sulfuric acid) as well as the specific capsule surface present in solution. Since the process is dominated by heterogeneous precipitation, the coating efficiency is governed by the counteracting processes of capsule‐TiO2 and TiO2‐TiO2 agglomeration. TG‐IR analysis of the capsules shows the vaporization of tetradecane prior to the decomposition of the polymeric wall to carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water. After the extraction or calcination of the core microcapsules, stable inorganic and organic‐inorganic hollow spheres are obtained.
Modelling and Simulation of Filtration, Regeneration and Deposit Rearrangement Effects in Gas Filter Systems Examplified by a Diesel Soot Filter
Authors: Deuschle T. , Piesche M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDie drastische Verschärfung der Gesetzgebung bei der Festlegung neuer Emissionsgrenzwerte für Kraftfahrzeuge erfordert den Einsatz einer effizienten Abgasnachbehandlung auf dem dieselmotorischen Sektor. Ein potenzielles Abgasreinigungskonzept für die Absenkung der Partikelemissionen ist ein im Abgastrakt integrierter Dieselruß‐Partikelfilter (DPF). In dieser Veröffentlichung wird ein experimentell validiertes Simulationsmodell vorgestellt, das den Lebenszyklus eines Dieselruß‐Partikelfilters beschreibt. Das Modell zeigt Grundlagencharakter und lässt sich auf eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen aus dem Bereich der Gasfiltration übertragen.
Surface Chemical Properties of Eutectic and Frozen NaCl Solutions Probed by XPS and NEXAFS
Authors: Křepelová Adéla , Huthwelker Thomas , Bluhm Hendrik , Ammann Markus 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe study the surface of sodium chloride‐water mixtures above, at, and below the eutectic temperature using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron‐yield near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The NaCl frozen solutions are mimicking sea‐salt deposits in ice or snow. Sea‐salt particles emitted from the oceans are a major contributor to the global aerosol burden and can act as a catalyst for heterogeneous chemistry or as cloud condensation nuclei. The nature of halogen ions at ice surfaces and their influence on surface melting of ice are of significant current interest. We found that the surface of the frozen solution, depending on the temperature, consists of ice and different NaCl phases, that is, NaCl, NaCl⋅2 H2O, and surface‐adsorbed water.
X‐ray topography study of deformed composites obtained by directional solidification of Al‐Cu‐Co alloy
Authors: Krawczyk J. , Bogdanowicz W. , Goryczka T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFibre‐reinforced composites were produced by the modification of the static horizontal Bridgman method. The single‐crystalline composite matrix consisted of the tetragonal T phase (Al72Cu27Co1). Decagonal quasi‐crystal D phase (Al64Cu20Co16) was the reinforcement in the form of fibres parallel to the solidification direction. These fibres were surrounded by the tetragonal Θ phase (Al66Cu31Co3). The composite specimens in the shape of plates were studied by tensile tests and X‐ray topography. The specimens deformed up to rupture and, from the X‐ray topographs, the dependence of the composite structure defects on deformation was examined. It was found that the rupture of specimens is related to low‐angle boundaries created during deformation. The influence of defects on the strength of the composites is discussed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of whisker‐like crystals grown during the evaporation of Al‐Cu‐Co alloy
Authors: Bogdanowicz W. , Wokulski Z. , Krawczyk J. , Albrecht R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMorphological details and chemical composition of whisker‐like crystals (W‐LCs) were studied. The W‐LCs were grown on Al2O3 substrate as a result of evaporation of Al65Cu26Co9 alloy. Morphologically diverse W‐LCs formed groups in the shape of brushes. The two‐phase nature of W‐LCs was revealed. The W‐LCs consisted of an intermetallic on the Al matrix forming the core and of an external oxide shell of developed faces. The chemical composition of the core and the shell corresponded roughly to the stoichiometric formula Al3Cu and AlO accordingly. Additionally the core contained small amounts of cobalt and oxygen and the shell‐copper and cobalt. The growth mechanism of W‐LCs was proposed based on their morphological details and chemical compositions. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
X‐ray topography and crystal orientation study of a nickel‐based CMSX‐4 superalloy single crystal
Authors: Onyszko A. , Bogdanowicz W. , Kubiak K. , Sieniawski J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA study of the crystal orientation and structural perfection of single crystal blades obtained by Bridgeman method from CMSX‐4 nickel superalloy at various withdrawal rates between 1 and 5 mm/min was carried out using the Laue diffraction method and X‐ray diffraction topography methods as well as electron scanning microscopy. Blades consisted mainly of the regular γ' phase, with [001]γ'‐type direction close to the blade axis. The angle of deviation of the [001]γ' direction in relation to the blade axis changes between the blade locking piece and end. The dependence this angle on the distance from the locking piece has been named as the crystal orientation distribution (COD). It was found that the nature of COD changes with a change in the withdrawal rate. The change in the withdrawal rate also results in a rotation of [001]γ'‐type direction in relation to the blade axis. The best blades in terms of orientation and structural perfection were obtained for the withdrawal rate of 3 mm/min. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enrichment of circulating tumor cells from a large blood volume using leukapheresis and elutriation: Proof of concept
Authors: Eifler Robert L. , Lind Judith , Falkenhagen Dieter , Weber Viktoria , Fischer Michael B. , Zeillinger Robert 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground:The aim of this study was to determine the applicability of a sequential process using leukapheresis, elutriation, and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) to enrich and isolate circulating tumor cells from a large blood volume to allow further molecular analysis.Methods:Mononuclear cells were collected from 10 L of blood by leukapheresis, to which carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester prelabeled CaOV‐3 tumor cells were spiked at a ratio of 26 to 106 leukocytes. Elutriation separated the spiked leukapheresates primarily by cell size into distinct fractions, and leukocytes and tumor cells, characterized as carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester positive, EpCAM positive and CD45 negative events, were quantified by flow cytometry. Tumor cells were isolated from the last fraction using FACS or anti‐EpCAM coupled immunomagnetic beads, and their recovery and purity determined by fluorescent microscopy and real‐time PCR.Results:Leukapheresis collected 13.5 × 109 mononuclear cells with 87% efficiency. In total, 53 to 78% of spiked tumor cells were pre‐enriched in the last elutriation fraction among 1.6 × 109 monocytes. Flow cytometry predicted a circulating tumor cell purity of ∼90% giving an enrichment of 100,000‐fold following leukapheresis, elutriation, and FACS, where CaOV‐3 cells were identified as EpCAM positive and CD45 negative events. FACS confirmed this purity. Alternatively, immunomagnetic bead adsorption recovered 10% of tumor cells with a median purity of 3.5%.Conclusions:This proof of concept study demonstrated that elutriation and FACS following leukapheresis are able to enrich and isolate tumor cells from a large blood volume for molecular characterization. © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society