bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inventory and analysis of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) systems inBrugia malayi
Authors: ARDELLI B. F. , STITT L. E. , TOMPKINS J. B. 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARYABC systems are one of the largest described protein superfamilies. These systems have a domain organization that may contain 1 or more transmembrane domains (ABC_TM1F) and 1 or 2 ATP-binding domains (ABC_2). The functions (e.g., import, export and DNA repair) of these proteins distinguish the 3 classes of ABC systems. Mining and PCR-based cloning were used to identify 33 putative ABC systems from theBrugia malayigenome. There were 31 class 2 genes, commonly called ABC transporters, and 2 class 3 genes. The ABC transporters were divided into subfamilies. Three belonged to subfamily A, 16 to subfamily B, 5 to subfamily C, 1 to subfamily E and 3 to subfamilies F and G, respectively. None were placed in subfamilies D and H. Similar to other ABC systems, the ABC_2 domain ofB. malayigenes was conserved and contained the Walker A and B motifs, the signature sequence/linker region and the switch region with the conserved histidine. The ABC_TM1F domain was less conserved. The relative abundance of ABC systems was quantified using real-time reverse transcription PCR and was significantly higher in female adults ofB. malayithan in males and microfilaria, particularly those in subfamilies B and C, which are associated with drug resistance.
A descriptive analysis of religious involvement among older adults in Japan
Authors: KRAUSE NEAL , LIANG JERSEY , BENNETT JOAN , KOBAYASHI ERIKA , AKIYAMA HIROKO , FUKAYA TARO 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to conduct a descriptive analysis of multiple dimensions of religious belief and practice among older people in Japan with data from a nationwide sample. Six dimensions were evaluated: religious affiliation, involvement in formal religious organisations, private religious practices, the functions of prayer, belief in punishment by supernatural forces, and beliefs about the afterlife. In addition to describing these dimensions for the sample as a whole, tests were performed to see if they varied by age, sex, marital status, education and for those living in rural or urban areas. The findings suggest that even though older people in Japan are not highly involved in formal religious institutions, they engage frequently in private religious practices, and that while many older people in Japan do not endorse some religious beliefs (e.g. about the quality of the afterlife), there is strong adherence to others (e.g. beliefs about punishment by supernatural forces). It was found that older women are more deeply involved in religion than older men, and that levels of religious involvement appear to be higher in rural than in urban areas. Less pronounced differences were found with respect to age, but compared to the ‘young-old’, the ‘oldest-old’ aged 75 or more years were more deeply involved in those aspects of religion that take place outside formal institutions.
Musical taste and ageing
Authors: HARRISON JILL , RYAN JOHN 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to explore musical taste patterns in old age. Having musical tastes, defined as individual preferences for certain musical genres, has been theorised as being a relational tool, something that can be used to negotiate social situations and interpersonal exchanges with others. Taste not only helps to make sense out of the endless array of products available on the cultural menu, but is also through consumption and display a way of signalling group membership, social location, identity and self. These concepts are important throughout the lifecourse, yet relatively unexplored in later life. What are the taste patterns of older adults and how do they compare to the musical preferences of other age groups? To address these questions we analysed data from the United States national Survey of Public Participation in the Arts (SPPA), a repeated cross-sectional survey, for the years 1982, 1992 and 2002. In each year, musical tastes displayed a positive relationship with age up to 55 years of age. The results indicate that across the three survey years, at older ages there was a negative relationship between tastes and age. We offer explanations for these results using theories from the sociology of culture and social gerontology.
Risk factors associated with observed clinical lumpy skin disease in Ethiopia
Authors: GARI G. , WARET-SZKUTA A. , GROSBOIS V. , JACQUIET P. , ROGER F. 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARYA cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the distribution of lumpy skin disease (LSD) and associated risk factors in three main agro-climatic zones of Ethiopia. A total of 330 questionnaire surveys were collected from 44 peasant associations (PA) distributed in 15 districts. Across agro-climate zones, herd-level LSD prevalence in the midland agro-climate was significantly higher 55·2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 47·5–62·6] than in highland and lowland agro-climate zones. Overall observed LSD prevalence at animal-level was 8·1% (95% CI 7·3–8·9) and observed mortality was 2·12% (95% CI 1·73–2·6). The odds ratio (OR) of LSD occurrence in midland vs. highland and lowland vs. highland zones was 3·86 (95% CI 2·61–5·11) and 4·85 (95% CI 2·59–7·1), respectively. Significantly high risk of LSD occurrence was associated with communal grazing and watering management (OR 4·1, 95% CI 2·02–6·18) and introduction of new cattle (OR 8·5, 95% CI 6·0–11·0). Our findings describe the distribution of LSD in different agro-climates in Ethiopia along with associated risk factors, and can help shed light on the epidemiology of LSD in other African countries suffering from the disease.
Low hepatitis B immunogenicity of a hexavalent vaccine widely used in Germany: results of the German Health Survey for Children and Adolescents, 2003–2006
Authors: JORGENSEN P. , POETHKO-MÜLLER C. , HELLENBRAND W. , JILG W. , THIERFELDER W. , MEYER C. , HEIDEN M. AN DER , SCHLAUD M. , RADUN D. 
Published: March 2010

SUMMARYThe success of childhood vaccination against hepatitis B relies on persistence of immunity into adolescence and adulthood. In 2000, two hexavalent vaccines with a hepatitis B component (Hexavac®, Infanrix hexa®) were introduced in Germany. Hexavac was withdrawn in 2005 amidst concerns about its long-term hepatitis B protection. We compared hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) levels in children fully vaccinated with Hexavac or Infanrix hexa (n=477) in a secondary data analysis of a large cross-sectional health survey in Germany. On average 2·4 years after vaccination, 25·3% of Hexavac vaccinees had anti-HBs levels <10 mIU/ml (95% CI 19·0–32·8) compared to 4·7% of Infanrix hexa vaccinees (95% CI 2·4–8·9). These findings suggest that short-term hepatitis B immunogenicity in Hexavac vaccinees may also be weaker. Further studies are warranted to assess whether Hexavac vaccinees should be re-vaccinated or receive a booster vaccination before these birth cohorts reach adolescence.
The microRNA156 and microRNA172 gene regulation cascades at post-germinative stages inArabidopsis
Authors: Martin Ruth C. , Asahina Masashi , Liu Po-Pu , Kristof Jessica R. , Coppersmith Jennifer L. , Pluskota Wioletta E. , Bassel George W. , Goloviznina Natalya A. , Nguyen Theresa T. , Martínez-Andújar Cristina , Arun Kumar M.B. , Pupel Piotr , Nonogaki Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in developmental programmes of plants, including seed germination and post-germination. Here, we provide evidence that two different miRNA pathways, miR156 and miR172, interact during the post-germination stages inArabidopsis. Mutant seedlings expressing miR156-resistantSQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE13(mSPL13), which has silent mutations in the miR156 complementary sequence, over-accumulatedSPL13mRNA and exhibited a delay in seedling development. Microarray analysis indicated thatSCHNARCHZAPFEN(SNZ), anAP2-like gene targeted by miR172, was down-regulated in these mutants. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and miRNA gel blot analyses showed that theMIR172genes were up-regulated inmSPL13mutants. These results suggest that the miRNA regulation cascades (miR156⊣SPL13 → miR172⊣SNZ) play a critical role during the post-germination developmental stages inArabidopsis.
Theta Rotation and Serial Registration of Light Microscopical Images Using a Novel Camera Rotating Device
Authors: Duerstock Bradley S. , Cirillo John , Rajwa Bartek 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAn electromechanical video camera coupler was developed to rotate a light microscope field of view (FOV) in real time without the need to physically rotate the stage or specimen. The device, referred to as the Camera Thetarotator, rotated microscopical views 240° to assist microscopists to orient specimens within the FOV prior to image capture. The Camera Thetarotator eliminated the effort and artifacts created when rotating photomicrographs using conventional graphics software. The Camera Thetarotator could also be used to semimanually register a dataset of histological sections for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction by superimposing the transparent, real-time FOV to the previously captured section in the series. When compared to Fourier-based software registration, alignment of serial sections using the Camera Thetarotator was more exact, resulting in more accurate 3D reconstructions with no computer-generated null space. When software-based registration was performed after prealigning sections with the Camera Thetarotator, registration was further enhanced. The Camera Thetarotator expanded microscopical viewing and digital photomicrography and provided a novel, accurate registration method for 3D reconstruction. The Camera Thetarotator would also be useful for performing automated microscopical functions necessary for telemicroscopy, high-throughput image acquisition and analysis, and other light microscopy applications.
Characterization of domain-selective inhibitor binding in angiotensin-converting enzyme using a novel derivative of lisinopril
Authors: Watermeyer Jean M. , Kröger Wendy L. , O'Neill Hester G. , Sewell B. Trevor , Sturrock Edward D. 
Published: March 2010

Human ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) (EC 3.4.15.1) is an important drug target because of its role in the regulation of blood pressure via the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Somatic ACE comprises two homologous domains, the differing substrate preferences of which present a new avenue for domain-selective inhibitor design. We have co-crystallized lisW-S, a C-domain-selective derivative of the drug lisinopril, with human testis ACE and determined a structure using X-ray crystallography to a resolution of 2.30 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm). In this structure, lisW-S is seen to have a similar binding mode to its parent compound lisinopril, but the P2′ tryptophan moiety takes a different conformation to that seen in other inhibitors having a tryptophan residue in this position. We have examined further the domain-specific interactions of this inhibitor by mutating C-domain-specific active-site residues to their N domain equivalents, then assessing the effect of the mutation on inhibition by lisW-S using a fluorescence-based assay. Kinetics analysis shows a 258-fold domain-selectivity that is largely due to the co-operative effect of C-domain-specific residues in the S2′ subsite. The high affinity and selectivity of this inhibitor make it a good lead candidate for cardiovascular drug development.
Malpractice Claims Associated with Medication Management for Chronic Pain
Authors: Fitzgibbon Dermot R. , Rathmell James P. , Michna Edward , Stephens Linda S. , Posner Karen L. , Domino Karen B. 
Published: March 2010

Background
Medication management is an integral part of chronic pain management. Prompted by an increase in the role of medication management in anesthesia chronic pain liability, we investigated the characteristics of malpractice claims collected from 2005 to 2008.

Methods
After Institutional Review Board approval, we compared medication management claims with other chronic pain claims from the American Society of Anesthesiologists Closed Claims Database of 8,954 claims. Claims for death underwent in-depth analysis.

Results
Medication management represented 17% of 295 chronic non-cancer pain claims. Compared with other chronic pain claims, medication management patients tended to be younger men (P < 0.01) with back pain. Most patients were prescribed opioids (94%) and also additional psychoactive medications (58%). Eighty percent of patients had at least one factor commonly associated with medication misuse and 24% had >or= 3 factors. Most claims (82%) involved patients who did not cooperate in their care (69%) or inappropriate medication management by physicians (59%). Death was the most common outcome in medication management claims (57% vs. 9% in other chronic pain claims, P < 0.01). Factors associated with death included long-acting opioids, additional psychoactive medications, and >or= 3 factors commonly associated with medication misuse. Alleged addiction from prescribed opioids was the complaint in 24%. Appropriateness of care and payments was similar for medication management versus other chronic pain claims.

Conclusions
Most anesthesia malpractice claims for medication management problems involved patients with a history of risk behaviors commonly associated with medication misuse. Malpractice claims arising from medication management had a high proportion of deaths with both patient and physician contributions to the outcome.
Limb Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Protects the Spinal Cord from Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Dong Hai-Long , Zhang Yi , Su Bin-Xiao , Zhu Zheng-Hua , Gu Qiu-Han , Sang Han-Fei , Xiong Lize 
Published: March 2010

Background
It remains to be established whether spinal cord ischemic tolerance can be induced by limb remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), and the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of RIPC on the spinal cord need to be clarified.

Methods
Spinal cord ischemia was studied in New Zealand White rabbits. In experiment 1, all rabbits were subjected to 20-min spinal cord ischemia by aortic occlusion. Thirty minutes before ischemia, rabbits were subjected to sham intervention or RIPC achieved by bilateral femoral artery occlusion (10 min ischemia/10 min reperfusion, two cycles). Dimethylthiourea (500 mg/kg, intravenously), a hydroxyl radical scavenger, or vehicle was given 1 h before RIPC. Antioxidant enzyme activity was measured along with spinal cord histology and neurologic function. In experiment 2, rabbits were subjected to spinal cord ischemia, with or without RIPC. In addition, rabbits were pretreated with various doses of hexamethonium.

Results
RIPC improved neurologic function and reduced histologic damage. This was associated with increased endogenous antioxidant activity. Dimethylthiourea inhibited the protective effects of RIPC. In contrast, there was no effect of hexamethonium on the protective effect of RIPC.

Conclusions
An initial oxidative stress acts as a trigger to upregulate antioxidant enzyme activity, rather than the neural pathway, and plays an important role in the formation of the tolerance against spinal cord ischemia by limb RIPC.
Plasma Proteome to Look for Diagnostic Biomarkers of Early Bacterial Sepsis after Liver Transplantation
Authors: Paugam-Burtz Catherine , Albuquerque Miguel , Baron Gabriel , Bert Frederic , Voitot Hélène , Delefosse Didier , Dondero Federica , Sommacale Daniele , Francoz Claire , Hanna Nadine , Belghiti Jacques , Ravaud Philippe , Bedossa Pierre , Mantz Jean , Paradis Valérie 
Published: March 2010

Background
While outcome continuously improves after liver transplantation, sepsis remains the leading cause of early postoperative mortality. Diagnosis of infections remains particularly difficult in these patients. This study used plasma profiling coupling Proteinchip array with surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-fly mass spectrometry to search for biomarkers of postoperative sepsis in patients who underwent liver transplantation.

Methods
Diagnosis of sepsis at day 5 relied on widely accepted clinical signs and positive culture of microbiologic samples. Profiles of day 5 plasma were obtained from SELDI-TOF CM10 chip (BioRad, Marnes-la-Coquette, France) analysis. Mean peak intensity of proteins was compared between septic and nonseptic plasma by U test followed by analysis of the area under the receiver-operating characteristic for the significant peaks. Diagnostic performance of significant proteins was established in a derivation set and in a validation set.

Results
In the derivation set of 31 patients with and 30 without infection, 23 plasma protein peaks were differentially expressed between patients with and without sepsis. Combination of five peaks allowed sepsis diagnosis with a positive likelihood ratio of 12.5 and a C-statistics of 0.72, 95% CI 0.57-0.85. In the validation set of 31 patients with infection and 34 without infection, the five peaks were differentially expressed as well and allowed day 5 sepsis diagnosis with a positive likelihood ratio of 5.1 and C-statistics of 0.74 (0.58-0.85).

Conclusion
A combination of five plasma protein peaks may provide material for useful diagnostic biomarkers of postoperative sepsis in patients undergoing liver transplantation. However, these proteins remain to be identified.
Pharmacodynamics and Cardiopulmonary Side Effects of CW002, a Cysteine-reversible Neuromuscular Blocking Drug in Dogs
Authors: Heerdt Paul M. , Malhotra Jaideep K. , Pan Brian Y. , Sunaga Hiroshi , Savarese John J. 
Published: March 2010

Background
CW002 is a novel neuromuscular blocking drug with a duration dependent on the rate of cysteine adduction to the molecule. The current study characterized the pharmacodynamics and cardiopulmonary side effects of CW002 in dogs.

Methods
In eight beagles, the dose required to produce 95% neuromuscular blockade (ED95) for CW002 was first determined and cysteine reversibility was confirmed. Five to 7 days later, incrementally larger doses were injected starting with 6.25 x ED95 and doubling the dose every 15 min. Before and after injection, blood was obtained for histamine analysis. Systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, cardiac output, and left ventricular pressure and volume were recorded along with inspiratory pressure and pulmonary compliance. Ventricular contractility and lusitropy were indexed from pressure and volume data.

Results
The ED95 for CW002 from pooled data was 0.009 mg/kg. At 3 x ED95, onset time was 2.6 +/- 0.9 min and duration was 47 +/- 9 min. The duration was shortened to 3.7 +/- 0.6 min by 50 mg/kg L-cysteine injected 1 min after CW002. At 25 x ED95, CW002 reduced mean arterial pressure with concomitant decreases in systemic vascular resistance, mean pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac output, contractility, and lusitropy, beginning at 50 x ED95. However, even at a dose of 100 x ED95, the average change in any variable was less than 20%. There were no changes in pulmonary vascular resistance or ventilation mechanics at any dose, and histamine release occurred in only two of eight animals.

Conclusions
CW002 is a potent neuromuscular blocking drug that at doses up to 100 x ED95 produces modest hemodynamic effects that are not associated with bronchoconstriction or consistent histamine release.
Anesthesiology Residents' Performance of Pediatric Resuscitation during a Simulated Hyperkalemic Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Howard-Quijano Kimberly J. , Stiegler Marjorie A. , Huang Yue Ming , Canales Cecilia , Steadman Randolph H. 
Published: March 2010

Background
Anesthesiologists are responsible for the management of perioperative cardiopulmonary arrest in children. This study used simulation to assess the pediatric resuscitation skills of experienced anesthesia residents.

Methods
Nineteen anesthesia residents were evaluated using a pediatric pulseless electrical activity scenario. The authors used a standardized checklist to evaluate the residents' diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

Results
After the onset of pulseless electrical activity, 79% of residents initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation within 1 min. Approximately one third (31%) performed chest compressions at the recommended rate. Epinephrine was administered by 95% of residents, but only one third used the correct pediatric dose. All residents administered fluid boluses, but only 16% administered the recommended volume. Only one fourth of the residents considered hyperkalemia as a cause of pulseless electrical activity. None of the residents asked for dosing aids.

Conclusion
During this simulated pediatric emergency, anesthesia residents demonstrated an acceptable knowledge of general resuscitation maneuvers. However, a subset of resuscitation skills was incorrectly performed, mostly related to age or weight. Importantly, many residents did not consider the full differential diagnosis of pulseless electrical activity. Anesthesia residents may benefit from additional pediatric resuscitation training and practice using cognitive aids to access dosages and complicated diagnostic algorithms.
Gantacurium and CW002 Do Not Potentiate Muscarinic Receptor-mediated Airway Smooth Muscle Constriction in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Sunaga Hiroshi , Zhang Yi , Savarese John J. , Emala Charles W. 
Published: March 2010

Background
Neuromuscular blocking agents are an integral component of general anesthesia. In addition to their intended pharmacologic target on skeletal muscle nicotinic receptors, undesirable airway effects (i.e., bronchoconstriction) can result from neuromuscular blocking agents' affinity for airway muscarinic receptors. We questioned whether two new members of a bisquaternary nondepolarizing muscle relaxant family, gantacurium and CW002, demonstrated detrimental effects of airway muscarinic receptors using an in vivo model in guinea pig airways.

Methods
Urethane-anesthetized male guinea pigs were ventilated through a tracheostomy with continuous digital recordings of pulmonary inflation pressure and heart rate. The dose for 95% twitch suppression for gantacurium, CW002, cisatracurium, and rapacuronium was defined in the guinea pig. Transient and reproducible changes in pulmonary inflation pressure and heart rate were recorded after vagal nerve stimulation or intravenous injection of acetylcholine before and after pretreatment with cumulatively increasing concentrations of gantacurium, CW002, cisatracurium or a single concentration of rapacuronium.

Results
The doses for 95% twitch suppression for gantacurium, CW002, cisatracurium, and rapacuronium were 0.064 +/- 0.006, 0.012 +/- 0.0006, 0.10 +/- 0.003, and 0.31 +/- 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. Gantacurium, CW002, and cisatracurium were without effects on baseline pulmonary inflation pressures and were devoid of significant interactions with M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors in vivo.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that gantacurium and CW002 are devoid of significant effects at airway muscarinic receptors particularly M3 receptors on bronchial smooth musculature at doses several fold higher than those required for functional muscle paralysis.